bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical and social factors associated with prolonged length of stay for chronically ventilated children
Authors: Enzer Katelyn G. , Dawson Jessica A. , Langevin Jessalyn A. , Brinton John T. , Baker Christopher D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study seeks to determine the overall and post‐intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) for children with tracheostomies and chronic mechanical ventilation. We hypothesized that medical and social factors would be associated with prolonged LOS.Study DesignThis single‐center retrospective review included children who were discharged after initiation of chronic ventilation via tracheostomy over an 8‐year period (2015–2022). Patients were divided into two groups for analysis, those who had been previously home before admission (HBA) and those who had not (Not HBA). Medical and social determinants of health (SDOH) data were obtained from the electronic medical record for univariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsA total of 161 patients were included. HBA subjects (n = 52) were expectedly older at the time of tracheostomy. Not HBA subjects (n = 109) were more likely to be born prematurely and have sequelae of premature birth. Overall and post‐ICU LOS increased for both groups during the study period. In the HBA subgroup, congenital heart disease and younger age were associated with longer overall LOS with these factors and the absence of gastric fundoplication being associated with longer post‐ICU LOS. For Not HBA patients, younger age, pulmonary hypertension, seizures, and several SDOH were associated with longer overall LOS, whereas only SDOH were associated with a longer post‐ICU LOS.ConclusionsOverall and post‐ICU LOS for all children hospitalized for tracheostomy and chronic mechanical ventilation are increasing. Prolonged LOS is significantly associated with several medical factors and SDOH.
Sequence‐Similar Protein Domain Pairs With Structural or Topological Dissimilarity
Authors: Røgen Peter 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFor a variety of applications, protein structures are clustered by sequence similarity, and sequence‐redundant structures are disregarded. Sequence‐similar chains are likely to have similar structures, but significant structural variation, as measured with RMSD, has been documented for sequence‐similar chains and found usually to have a functional explanation. Moving two neighboring stretches of backbone through each other may change the chain topology and alter possible folding paths. The size of this motion is compatible to a variation in a flexible loop. We search and find domains with alternate chain topology in CATH4.2 sequence families relatively independent of sequence identity and of structural similarity as measured by RMSD. Structural, topological, and functional representative sets should therefore keep sequence‐similar domains not just with structural variation but also with topological variation. We present BCAlign that finds Alignment and superposition of protein Backbone Curves by optimizing a user chosen convex combination of structural derivation and derivation between the structure‐based sequence alignment and an input sequence alignment. Steric and topological obstructions from deforming a curve into an aligned curve are then found by a previously developed algorithm. For highly sequence‐similar domains, sequence‐based structural alignment better represents the chains motion and generally reveals larger structural and topological variation than structure‐based does. Fold‐switching protein pairs have been reported to be most frequent between X‐ray and NMR structures and estimated to be underrepresented in the PDB as the alternate configuration is harder to resolve. Here we similarly find chain topology most frequently altered between X‐ray and NMR structures.
Reverse‐transcription recombinase‐aided amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a‐based universal detection for fast screening and accurate identification of six pospiviroids infecting Solanaceae crops
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Dong Zheng , Zhao Lixia , Zhao Zhenxing , Zhang Yongjiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPospiviroids, members of the genus Pospiviroid, can cause severe diseases in tomato and other Solanaceae crops, causing considerable economic losses worldwide. Six pospiviroids including potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd), tomato planta macho viroid (TPMVd), Columnea latent viroid (CLVd), pepper chat fruit viroid (PCFVd), and tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) are regulated in many countries and organizations. Rapid, accurate detection is thus crucial for controlling the spread of these pospiviroids.RESULTSFor simultaneous detection of these six pospiviroids, we developed a rapid, visual method that uses a reverse transcription recombinase‐aided amplification (RT‐RAA) assay coupled with a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR‐associated protein 12a (CRISPR/Cas12a) system. In particular, this technique could achieve both universal detection and specific identification of the six target pospiviroids within 40 min. The universal detection could diagnose the six target pospiviroids in a single reaction, and the specific identification could identify each target pospiviroid without cross‐reactivity of other pospiviroids. The sensitivity limits for the target pospiviroids detection with the proposed detection method were higher than those of the conventional reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method.CONCLUSIONWe designed an RT‐RAA‐CRISPR/Cas12a‐based universal detection method for both large‐scale screening and accurate identification of the six target pospiviroids, which is appropriate for on‐site detection. Our study results can aid in performing rapid, large‐scale screening of multiple pests simultaneously. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Competition is the main factor, compared to non‐lethal threat of predation, affecting life‐history traits of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) mosquitoes
Authors: Cozzer Gilberto Dinis , de Brito Raquel , Pazini Amanda Cristina Ninov , Remus Heloise Restello , Dal Magro Jacir , de Souza Rezende Renan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMosquito larvae coexist with different species of predators in small freshwater bodies. These environments can vary widely in terms of the amount of food and larval densities. Our objective was to understand the impacts of the non‐lethal threat of predation, combined with competition effects on Aedes aegypti development and adult life cycle. We tested the effects of two types of non‐lethal threat of predation, divided into nine combinations of larvae densities and resource availability on Ae. aegypti larvae. We measured their isolated and combined impacts on larval mortality rate, time to reach pupation, adult size, and lifespan.RESULTSReal non‐lethal threat of predation resulted in a higher larval mortality (71%), compromised the sizes of the individuals (−7%) and prolonged the lifespan (19%) compared to control. Simulated treatment, the anti‐predation behaviors led to an increase in larval mortality (21%) compared to the control treatment. Accelerating the larva's development time (−14%) to escape from a dangerous environment severely compromised the size of the individuals (−23%) and increased adult life (10%).CONCLUSIONThe scarcity of food resources, high levels of competition, and non‐lethal threat of predation as well, are effective stressors for Ae. aegypti. We observed that resources (food and space) were more important than predation risk for the fitness of the survivors. However, these stressors, individually or combined, can result in high larvae mortality, altered larval development and pupation, affecting the emergence of the adults, with small sizes and altered lifespan, ultimately reducing the fitness of the individuals. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Practices affEcting macitentan and selexipag patient persistence Rates utilizing pulmonary arterial hypertension clinical Site and patIent perSpecTives (PERSIST): a US qualitative analysis
Authors: Shlobin Oksana A. , Bruce Gary , Gomez‐Rendon Gabriela , Kingman Martha , Rahman Mohammad , Rogers Frances , Studer Sean , Tobore Tobore , McEvoy Colleen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis real‐world study explored factors affecting persistence with macitentan and selexipag treatment from the perspective of 23 healthcare professionals (HCPs) and 134 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension between 2019 and 2022. Continuous patient/HCP communication and education were key drivers of persistence, as were early discussion and management of side effects.
Methodology to evaluate numerical weather predictions using large‐aperture scintillometry sensible heat fluxes: Demonstration in London
Authors: Saunders Beth , Grimmond Sue , Hertwig Denise , Bohnenstengel Sylvia I. , Lean Humphrey W. , Morrison William 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo evaluate numerical weather predictions (NWP) using observations, the horizontal, vertical and temporal resolution characteristics need to be considered to ensure consistency. Here, large‐aperture scintillometry (LAS) is used to derive turbulent sensible heat fluxes (QH), as the source area extents are comparable to NWP with horizontal grid box resolutions of order 1 km. We demonstrate our methodology using LAS observations undertaken in central London and the Met Office's operational forecast model for the United Kingdom (UKV). In the horizontal, we ensure consistency between the LAS source area locations and extent, as they vary with wind direction and stability, and therefore the NWP grid boxes that should be selected for comparison. In the vertical, the appropriate model level needs to be selected relative to the changing effective measurement height (zf) of the observations. The LAS fluxes time and space averaging allows QH to be obtained for time periods similar to the model timestep (e.g., 1 min) but the UKV does not explicitly represent higher‐frequency turbulent motions. During two spring days, three to five UKV grid boxes (1.5 km resolution) fall within the LAS source area (60%). However, with the model land cover data lacking realistic spatial variability, modelled effective surface QH spatial variability is small, leaving a central grid box on the LAS path representative. Larger differences occur between modelled QH at the surface and closest to zf, despite both theoretically being within the inertial sublayer. The modelled QH has better agreement with observed fluxes when averaged over long periods (10+ min cf. 1 min). As LAS‐derived QH has larger source areas than eddy covariance (EC) measurements, there are benefits to assessing NWP model performance with LAS. With multiple paths, spatial variability in response to changes in surface cover could be assessed at shorter times scales than possible with EC.
A case of VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X‐linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome presenting as progressive multisystem involvement with parenchymal infiltrates following infection with Epstein Barr virus
Authors: Solujic Jelena , Nguyen Phan , Bardy Peter , Ly Yao , Lawton Emily 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X‐linked, autoinflammatory, and somatic) syndrome is a rare multisystem disease affecting predominantly males over 50 and manifesting as widespread progressive inflammatory sequelae and haematological dysfunction. We describe a patient who presented with systemic symptoms of fevers, night sweats and weight loss, and developed progressive inflammatory sequelae including cutaneous lesions, haematological dysfunction, lymphadenopathy, migratory inflammatory arthropathies, with new pulmonary infiltrates, following infection with Epstein Barr Virus. Laboratory investigations, bronchoscopy, bone marrow biopsy and imaging were consistent with an inflammatory aetiology. The constellation of organ system involvement, laboratory, biopsy, and imaging results were suspicious for VEXAS syndrome, and this diagnosis was confirmed by identification of a somatic mutation in the UBA1 gene following extensive exclusion of infectious and autoimmune causes. Interestingly the onset of the VEXAS syndrome coincided with serological confirmation of Epstein Barr Virus raising the importance of further exploration into the underlying aetiology of VEXAS syndrome.
A rare pathology that mimics lung cancer: IgG4‐related vasculitis
Authors: Sener Coskun Ardan , Alpaydın Aylin Ozgen , Kılınc Oguz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmunoglobulin‐G4 (IgG4)‐related disease is essentially a fibro‐inflammatory disease that can affect any organ simultaneously or at different times. The disease usually presents with organ growth that mimics a tumour and can affect the lacrimal glands, major salivary glands, pancreas, bile ducts, retroperitoneal area, lungs, kidneys, aorta, meninges and thyroid gland. The immunopathogenesis behind this new disease has not yet been elucidated. Histopathological distinguishing features of the disease include dense lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates dominated by IgG4 positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis. The likelihood of developing with immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4‐RD) is a recently identified rare systemic fibroinflammatory disease with an estimated incidence of less than 1 in 100,000 people worldwide. We present our case, which was diagnosed with IGG4‐related vasculitis by lung fine needle aspiration biopsy, which is very rare in the literature.
A Leverage Points Framework To Manage Changes in River Health
Authors: Gittins Joshua R. , Picken Jessica , Dajka Jan‐Claas 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRiver health worldwide has deteriorated throughout the past century due to human activity, jeopardising biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health. Restoration efforts to curve this decline range from localised in‐channel modifications to river basin‐scale stakeholder engagement aimed to facilitate adaptive management. To address this challenge, it is necessary to view rivers as social‐ecological systems which include a set of feedbacks between human systems and river ecosystems. It is then possible to use a ‘systems thinking’ approach to identify key leverage points to enable widespread improvements to river health. Donella Meadows' leverage points framework categorises interventions based on their potential in achieving transformative change and the feasibility of being able to take action. By applying this framework, we provide insight into how transformative change can be leveraged to support river restoration, with a focus on catchment‐scale dynamics, specifically in the UK. Our analysis reveals a misalignment between active (i.e., in‐situ restoration) and passive (i.e., governance and societal support) restoration due to governance, social design, and the underlying societal values. We propose two scenarios to leverage greater restoration efforts: (i) top‐down governance changes to emphasise the societal value of natural ecosystems, and (ii) bottom‐up initiatives to alter societal values around restoration and influence governance. The latter, by proximising the benefits of reinstating natural processes. However, the clash of simultaneously operating restoration and conservation paradigms was shown to hinder progress, highlighting the need for empirical research to further understand active and passive restoration dynamics. It is essential that these interactions are explored further to leverage effective restoration strategies to improve river health.
Sustainable urban development and mobility. The role of spatial heterogeneity in sustainable trip patterns
Authors: Urrutia‐Mosquera Jorge , Cortés Yasna , Flórez‐Calderón Luz , Lufín Marcelo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper evaluates how differences in the conditions of sustainable urban development achieved by different sectors in the metropolitan region of Santiago de Chile are generators of spatial heterogeneity and how this heterogeneity in space affects travel patterns in sustainable modes. For it, the state of progress in urban sustainability is measured in terms of urban sustainability indicators and accessibility to basic urban facilities, identifies the main shortcomings in terms of basic urban facilities that affect the use of sustainable modes of travel and shows which of the city communes require more significant interventions in terms of infrastructure and urban facilities. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model is estimated to measure and determine how spatial heterogeneity impacts trips in sustainable modes. The results show remarkable differences in sustainable urban development and access to urban facilities between the more affluent and the less favoured sectors. The GWR parameters suggest that the different levels of urban facilities available in each area are the primary source of spatial heterogeneity and are a critical factor in the number of trips made by active modes and public transport.
Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity of a Novel TiO2/g‐C3N4/CuFe2O4 Nanocomposite in Degradation Amoxicillin, Chlorpyrifos and Methylene Blue
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Pandurangan , Shanmugavelan Poovan , Muthu Mareeswaran Paulpandian , Yuvakkumar Rathinam , Nehru Selvan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel TiO2/g‐C3N4/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite is synthesized via a wet impregnation process and has been evaluated for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants such as Amoxicillin (Antibiotic), Chlorpyrifos (Pesticide), and Methylene blue (Dye) under dark and visible light conditions in water. The synthesis and its photocatalytic characterization of nanocomposite are analyzed using XRD, FT‐IR, HR‐SEM, TEM, EDS, XPS, UV‐Vis, DRS, PL, BET, EIS, VSM, and ESR analysis. Among the various organic pollutants analyzed using TiO2/g‐C3N4/CuFe2O4 to serve as a photocatalyst, the degradation of MB pollutant was significantly greater (99.5 %, k=0.0533 min−1) in comparison to the degradation of the AMX (97.6 %, k=0.0346 min−1) and CPF (97.3 %, k=0.0340 min−1) during visible light irradiation for a period of 90 minutes. The recyclability is validated over three cycles, displayed its stability with 76 % degradation of pollutants and the photocatalyst is also easily separated using a simple magnet for further recycling study. As observed in the results of ESR, the formation of O2 significantly accelerated the superoxide radical generation during the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, enhancing degradation efficiency. It is worth highlighting that the remarkable degradation efficacy, stability and reusability exhibited by the synthesised nanocomposite prove advantageous for subsequent applications.
Synthesis of Vanillin and Guaiacol through [Hmim]Tf2N Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Lignin‐Directed Pyrolysis at Low Temperature and Voltage
Authors: Qu Guangfei , Zhang Yun , Li Junyan , Li Zhishuncheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSignificant attention has been devoted to using biomass as a renewable resource to address the energy crisis and mitigate environmental pollution. Biomass, a potential substitute for fossil fuels, contains a substantial amount of lignin, ranging from 10 % to 25 %. Hence, it is crucial to research lignin depolymerization. In this study, the use of electrochemically catalyzed ionic liquids enabled the cracking of lignin at low temperatures. Specifically, by applying a low voltage at 230 °C, the controlled generation of vanillin and guaiacol was achieved. The concentration of vanillin in the depolymerized lignin reached 88.54 % under 3 V conditions. Similarly, it is presumed that the yield of guaiacol at 4 V is 48.24 %. These findings have significant implications for the targeted management of lignin depolymerization byproducts. Ultimately, this project establishes a framework for the high‐value utilization of biomass and provides new perspectives on addressing the energy problem and environmental degradation.
Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of Novel 4H‐Chromene‐7‐Azaindole‐1,2,3‐Triazole Hybrids
Authors: Kashetti Vaeshnavi , Krishna Vanga Murali , Chevula Kishan , Kuchana Vinutha , Manga Vijjulatha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel library of 4H‐chromene‐7‐azaindole‐1,2,3‐triazole hybrids (6 a‐n) utilizing 1‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carbaldehyde, 5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione and malononitrile as precursors involving multicomponent synthesis and click chemistry reactions. The title compounds were screened for their invitro anticancer activity against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7), human cervical cancer (HeLa) and prostate cancer (DU‐145) cells by using Doxorubicin as standard reference. The activities of all compounds could be more effecting against HeLa cells. Compound 6 g with 3‐nitro substitution on phenyl ring displayed outstanding activity against all three cell lines with IC50 value of 6.67±0.39 μM (MCF‐7), 4.49±0.32 μM (HeLa) and 10.38±0.42 μM (DU‐145) than reference drug. The compound 6 h with methyl group in ortho position of phenyl ring showed best activity with IC50 value of 7.32±0.62 μM, 6.87±0.33 μM and 15.40±0.60 μM against MCF‐7, HeLa and DU‐145 cells respectively. Performed molecular docking study against crystal structure of EGFR obtained favorable binding interactions showing consistency with experimental results.
Electron Spin Polarization and Memory Effect in Supramolecular Gel Exclusively From Achiral Building Blocks
Authors: Nakka Nagaraju , Garg Rabia , Bisht Pravesh Singh , Mondal Amit Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChirality has been identified as a crucial component in achieving high spin selectivity in organic polymers and π‐conjugated molecules. In particular, chiral polymers and supramolecular structures have emerged as promising candidates for spin filtering due to the chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. However, the CISS effect in supramolecular systems has not been extensively investigated, despite its potential for applications in spintronics. In this work, for the first time, the potential applications of the CISS effect in supramolecular gel materials and shed light on its untapped possibilities have been successfully explored. The ability of supramolecular gel exclusively made from achiral building blocks to selectively filter electron's spin through the symmetry breaking has been demonstrated. Furthermore, this study shows that their spin filtering efficacy can be improved by using chiral solvents. More importantly, the CISS effect has been employed to explore a novel phenomenon referred to as the “spin memory effect”, where the desired spin information is preserved by retaining the helicity even in the absence of the chiral solvent. These findings underscore the immense potential for spintronics applications that rely solely on achiral components, thereby paving the way for new possibilities in device design and functionality.