bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Post‐Sowing Nitrogen Management on Canola and Mustard: I. Yield Responses
Authors: Riar Amritbir , Gill Gurjeet , McDonald Glenn 
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas
Yield of canola and mustard was associated with total dry matter production and seeds m−2.
The yield penalty for triazine‐tolerant cultivars was lower in the season with dry spring.
Seed yield of canola and mustard was highly responsive to the application of N at the rosette stage.
Yield with 100 kg ha−1 N at rosette was equivalent to 85 and 94% of the maximum in canola and mustard.
Increasing the sink capacity by improving the pre‐flowering crop biomass has an important influence on seed yield of canola and mustard.
Altering the amount and the timing of N according to phenological development can be an effective way of managing variation in seasonal rainfall, which could improve seed yield. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of post‐sowing N applications at different phenological growth stages on the seed yield of different canola (Brassica napus L.) and mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.] cultivars. Field experiments were conducted in South Australia with four canola and two mustard cultivars. All cultivars were grown under different N treatments, which included two rates (100 and 200 kg ha−1) and four (2011) or five (2012) times of application at specific growth stages (rosette, green bud, flowering, pod initiation, and pod development). Mustard and canola performed similarly in an average rainfall season but canola out‐yielded mustard in the season with below‐average rainfall. Seed yield of canola and mustard was found to be closely associated with total dry matter production and seeds m−2. The yield penalty for triazine‐tolerant (TT) cultivars was lower in the season with a dry spring than in the season with average rainfall. Application of 100 kg N ha−1 at the rosette stage produced yield equivalent to 85% of the maximum in canola and 94% of the maximum in mustard, which was achieved with the application of 200 kg N ha−1 in five equal splits. These results suggest that increasing the sink capacity by improving the pre‐flowering crop biomass has an important influence on seed yield of canola and mustard.
Zero-valent aluminum-mediated degradation of Bisphenol A in the presence of common oxidants
Authors: Arslan-Alaton I. , Olmez-Hanci T. , Dogan M. , Ozturk T. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The use of a commercial, nano-scale zero-valent aluminum (ZVA) powder was explored for the treatment of aqueous Bisphenol A (BPA). The study focused on the (i) activation of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and persulfate (PS) oxidants with ZVA to accelerate BPA degradation, (ii) comparison of the treatment performance in pure and real surface water (SW) samples, (iii) effects on toxicity and (iv) reuse potential of ZVA nanoparticles after ZVA/HP and ZVA/PS treatments. In pure water, ZVA coupled with HP or PS provided an effective means of BPA treatment particularly when PS was employed as the oxidant. On the other hand, in BPA-spiked SW, the ZVA/HP treatment combination outperformed ZVA/PS oxidation in terms of BPA removal, whereas ZVA/PS oxidation was superior in terms of organic carbon removal. According to the bioassays conducted in pure and real SW samples with the marine photobacteria Vibrio fischeri and the freshwater microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the toxicity response of BPA and its oxidation products was sensitive to the test organism and water matrix. The inhibitory effect of the reaction solution increased at the early stages of ZVA/PS treatment. The reuse potential of the ZVA/HP treatment system was higher than that of the ZVA/PS treatment system.
Biomethanization of the Mixture of Cattle Manure, Pig Manure and Poultry Manure in Co-Digestion with Waste Peels of Pineapple Fruit and Content of Chicken-Gizzard - Part II: Optimization of Process Variables
Authors: Aworanti O. A. , Agarry S. E. , Ogunleye O. O. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
The indiscriminate discharge of industrial waste, agricultural-biomass waste, waste of municipal, domestic and kitchen waste has negatively impacted on the environment and human health. It is very pertinent to reduce these impacts to the barest minimum through conversion of the waste to useful products. The conversion of these wastes to generate alternative energy to fossil fuel through the technology of anaerobic fermentation is one of the viable and more fascinating options for the management of waste.

Objective:
To investigate the interactive effect and optimization of process parameters of temperature, total solid content and feed/inoculum ratio on the biomethanization of the mixture of cattle manure, pig manure and poultry manure in co-digestion with waste peels of pineapple fruit and content of chicken-gizzard.

Method:
Full-factorial central composite design of experiment (RCCD) of the response surface method (RSM) was adopted to assess the possible interactive effects of the process variables and the optimal parameters (i.e. optimization) for biogas/biomethane production in an anaerobic digester.

Result:
The process variables had a significant (P < 0.05) positive and negative interactive effect on the biomethanization process. A second-order quadratic polynomial regression model which is statistically significant (p < 0.0001) was respectively obtained for cumulative biogas yield (CBY), biomethane content (BC) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). Temperature of 55.2°C; total solid content of 6.25%; and feed/inoculums ratio of 1:2 were found to be the optimum values required to attain a predicted optimum values of 6.261 dm3/g CBY, 71.54% BC within a minimum 8 days of HRT. At this optimum process conditions, the experimental observed maximum CBY, and BC with a minimum HRT were found to be 6.217 dm3/g of slurry, 71.10% and 7 days, respectively.

Conclusion:
Biogas/biomethane generation through co-substrate anaerobic fermentation of animal waste with waste of fruits constitute a reasonable and applicable renewable energy alternative and this can be optimized through response surface methodology.
Misinterpretation of Gram Stain from the Stationary Growth Phase of Positive Blood Cultures for Brucella and Acinetobacter Species
Authors: Bazzi Ali M. , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Rabaan Ali A. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:Acinetobacter baumanniiandBrucellaspecies are Gram-negative organisms that are vulnerable to misinterpretation as Gram-positive or Gram-variable in blood cultures.Objective:We assess the random errors in gram stain interpretation to reduce the likelihood of such errors and therefore patient harm.Methodology:Aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures from two patients in an acute care facility in Saudi Arabia were subjected to preliminary Gram-staining. In case 1, VITEK-2 Anaerobe Identification, repeat Gram staining from a blood agar plate, Remel BactiDrop™ Oxidase test, Urea Agar urease test and real-time PCR were used to confirm presence ofBrucellaand absence ofCoryneformspecies. In case 2, repeat Gram- staining from the plate and the vials, VITEK-2 Gram-Negative Identification, real-time PCR and subculture on to Columbia agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar were carried out to identifyA. baumannii.Results:In case 1, initially pleomorphic Gram-positive bacteria were identified.Coryneformspecies were suspected. Tiny growth was observed after 24 h on blood agar plates, and good growth by 48 h. Presence ofBrucellaspecies was ultimately confirmed. In case 2, preliminary Gram-stain results suggested giant Gram-positive oval cocci. Further testing over 18-24 h identifiedA. baumannii.Conclusions:Oxidase test from the plate and urease test from the culture vial is recommended after apparent identification of pleomorphic Gram-positive bacilli from blood culture, once tiny growth is observed, to distinguishBrucellafromCorynebacteriumspecies. If giant Gram-positive oval cocci are indicated by preliminary Gram-staining, it is recommended that the Gram stain be repeated from the plate after 4-6 h, or culture should be tested in Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) medium and the Gram stain repeated after 2-4 h incubation.
Membranous Nephropathy Associated with Atheroembolism
Authors: Uchiyama Kiyotaka , Takemura Tamiko , Ishibashi Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2017

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common biopsy diagnoses in adults, and it has been associated with chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, and drugs. However, MN associated with cholesterol crystal emboli has never been reported. Here we present a patient with MN as an unusual manifestation of atheroembolism.
A 75-year-old man with worsening renal function after catheter ablation developed moderate proteinuria and underwent a renal biopsy. Findings on light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy were all compatible with membranous nephropathy. Moreover, one occluded interlobular artery contained a pathognomonic, biconvex, needle-shaped cleft, which indicated a cholesterol crystal emboli. The degree of proteinuria was in parallel with the number of eosinophils, which indicated a close relationship between MN disease activity and renal atheroembolism. Hypereosinophilic syndrome secondary to atheroembolism may cause MN; thus, corticosteroid therapy was likely to be effective.
When Pain is Beyond Biology - A Case of Fake Leprosy
Authors: Avila Lazslo Antonio , Pozetti Eurides Maria de Oliveira , Fares Gislaine Fusco , Soubhia Rosa Maria Cordeiro , Oliveira Marilia Capuco , Tomiyasu Andreia Yumi 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Pain is a complex phenomenon that implies pathophysiological processes and psychosocial components. A 56-year-old female patient complaining of pain and presenting with multiple mild physical signs was examined by a multidisciplinary team from the Ear-Nose-Throat, Dermatology, Hematology, General Clinics, and Psychiatry and Psychology Departments.

Objective:
To present a significant case where pain is primarily caused by psychological conflicts.

Method:
A multidisciplinary approach, with medical and psychological interventions.

Results:
The patient was deeply convinced; she had been contaminated by leprosy. Her enrooted personal beliefs, including religion and moral conflicts, seem to be the primary cause for her putative ‘disease’, a condition that was not confirmed by exhaustive exams.

Conclusion:
Pain normally is related to several factors, including biological, psychological and cultural. Some complex cases should be investigated by a multidisciplinary team of specialists, in order to identify extra-physiological components.
Influence of Recreational Facilities among Adolescents towards Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA)
Authors: Abd-Latif Rozita , Mohd Nor Maizan , Omar-Fauzee Mohd Sofian , Ahmad Abdul Razak 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of recreational facilities towards leisure physical activities among youth. As many as 913 respondents aged between 13 to 17 years old from four districts (Seremban, Muar, Kota Star and Kuantan) in Peninsular Malaysia, were chosen through a layered cluster random sampling technique. The results show that the safety of the environment is at a moderate level (busy road: M=3.51, SP=1.31; stray dog: M=3.46, SP=1.38; crime: M=3.23, SP=1.33) and it has no connection with the involvement of youths in LTPA (r=-0.01, p>0.05). It is also discovered that sports facilities limit them from undergoing physical activities during leisure hours. However, facilities are easy to be used (75%) by youths and this leads to a significant relationship with LTPA (r=0.10, p<0.05). The implication of this research shows that the physical environment is pivotal in order to increase the level of youth involvement in overall free time physical activities. Thus, it is suggested that these physical activities can only take more of the teenagers' time if they are carried out in environments which are creative, comfortable, safe and user-friendly.
El estudio sociológico del amor corporeizado: la construcción de un objeto de estudio entrelazando teorías y niveles analíticos
Authors: García Andrade Adriana , Sabido Ramos Olga Alejandra 
Published: July 2017

En este escrito se desarrollan algunas reflexiones surgidas en el proceso de construcción del objeto de estudio: el amor de pareja desde el nosotros y su relación con el problema del Sentido (Sinn). De manera general planteamos que el Sentido -entendido como significado y orientación- sirve como puente para vincular niveles analíticos (semántica-situación-enminded bodies) y propuestas teóricas aparentemente inconmensurables. En nuestro caso de estudio, la semántica del amor (imágenes, discursos, símbolos) pre-existe a la situación y orienta los significados generados en ésta por las parejas que ‘envejecen juntas’. Finalmente, los cuerpos con mente (enminded bodies) experimentan sentido pero lo etiquetan usando la semántica social y los significados generados en situación. En el trabajo se desarrolla cómo es posible esta conexión de niveles analíticos a través del Sentido.
Multimorbidity, disadvantage, and patient engagement within a specialist homeless health service in the UK: an in-depth study of general practice data
Authors: Queen Anton B , Lowrie Richard , Richardson Janice , Williamson Andrea E 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThere is a paucity of current health data regarding users of a specialist homeless health service in the UK.AimTo describe the health of users of a specialist homeless health service by assessing levels of multimorbidity, social exclusion — by measuring severe and multiple disadvantage (SMD) — and patient engagement with health care.Design & settingAnalysis of patient-level data from computerised records of patients registered with a specialist homeless health service in Glasgow, Scotland.MethodData for 133 patients were extracted using a data extraction form. Multimorbidity and SMD were described using categorisation adapted from previous literature in this field. Stepwise regression analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between domains of SMD experienced and the number of long-term conditions (LTCs) a patient had.ResultsThe average age of patients in the cohort was 42.8 years, however levels of multimorbidity were comparable to those aged ≥85 years in the general population. The average number of LTCs was 2.8 per patient, with 60.9% of patients having both mental and physical comorbidity. SMD was categorised into three domains: homelessness; substance misuse; and previous imprisonment. More than 90.0% of patients experienced ≥2 domains of SMD, and SMD experiences were associated with multimorbidity: as domains of SMD experiences increased, so did the number of LTCs a patient was recorded as having.ConclusionThis cohort of patients has a complex burden of health and social care needs, which may act as barriers in the provision of effective health care.
Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment
Authors: Varan Cem , Bilensoy Erem 
Published: July 2017

Background: Brain tumors are the most common tumors among adolescents. Although some chemotherapeutics are known to be effective against brain tumors based on cell culture studies, the same effect is not observed in clinical trials. For this reason, the development of drug delivery systems is important to treat brain tumors and prevent tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to develop core–shell polymeric nanoparticles with positive charge by employing a chitosan coating. Additionally, an implantable formulation for the chemotherapeutic nanoparticles was developed as a bioadhesive film to be applied at the tumor site following surgical operation for brain glioma treatment. To obtain positively charged, implantable nanoparticles, the effects of preparation technique, chitosan coating concentration and presence of surfactants were evaluated to obtain optimal nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 100 nm and a net positive surface charge to facilitate cellular internalization of drug-loaded nanoparticles. Hydroxypropyl cellulose films were prepared to incorporate these nanoparticle dispersions to complete the implantable drug delivery system.Results: The diameter of core–shell nanoparticles were in the range of 70–270 nm, depending on the preparation technique, polymer type and coating. Moreover, the chitosan coating significantly altered the surface charge of the nanoparticles to net positive values of +30 to +50 mV. The model drug docetaxel was successfully loaded into all particles, and the drug release rate from the nanoparticles was slowed down to 48 h by dispersing the nanoparticles in a hydroxypropyl cellulose film. Cell culture studies revealed that docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles cause higher cytotoxicity compared to the free docetaxel solution in DMSO.Conclusion: Docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles dispersed in a bioadhesive film were shown to be suitable for application of chemotherapeutics directly to the action site during surgical operation. The system was found to release chemotherapeutics for several days at the tumor site and neighboring tissue. This can be suggested to result in a more effective brain tumor treatment when compared to chemotherapeutics administered as an intravenous bolus infusion.
Do You See What I See? Exploring the Consequences of Luminosity Limits in Black Hole–Galaxy Evolution Studies
Authors: Jones Mackenzie L. , Hickox Ryan C. , Mutch Simon J. , Croton Darren J. , Ptak Andrew F. , DiPompeo Michael A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In studies of the connection between active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and their host galaxies, there is widespread disagreement on some key aspects of the connection. These disagreements largely stem from a lack of understanding of the nature of the full underlying AGN population. Recent attempts to probe this connection utilize both observations and simulations to correct for a missed population, but presently are limited by intrinsic biases and complicated models. We take a simple simulation for galaxy evolution and add a new prescription for AGN activity to connect galaxy growth to dark matter halo properties and AGN activity to star formation. We explicitly model selection effects to produce an “observed” AGN population for comparison with observations and empirically motivated models of the local universe. This allows us to bypass the difficulties inherent in models that attempt to infer the AGN population by inverting selection effects. We investigate the impact of selecting AGNs based on thresholds in luminosity or Eddington ratio on the “observed” AGN population. By limiting our model AGN sample in luminosity, we are able to recreate the observed local AGN luminosity function and specific star formation-stellar mass distribution, and show that using an Eddington ratio threshold introduces less bias into the sample by selecting the full range of growing black holes, despite the challenge of selecting low-mass black holes. We find that selecting AGNs using these various thresholds yield samples with different AGN host galaxy properties.
Bridged HPSi and Linear HSiP as Probes of the SiP Radical in Astrophysical/Interstellar Media
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C. , Francisco Joseph S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The SiP radical has a

ground state and a low-lying

state with a transition wavelength of greater than 20 μm. However, this transition has a near-zero oscillator strength making it all but unobservable. Addition of a hydrogen atom to the system creates the strangely bent HPSi molecule and also the linear HSiP isomer, lying 0.50 eV above the bent. The electron-deficient P–Si π cloud in

SiP is stabilized by the addition of the hydrogen atom, making this isomer the preferred form of HPSi. The HSiP linear isomer can be formed from

SiP. As a result, the [HPSi]/[HSiP] ratio could serve as tracer of the otherwise unobservable but low-lying

electronic transition of SiP. The high-level quantum chemical computations employed here imply that the rotational lines of HPSi and HSiP will overlap extensively, but the vibrational frequencies, especially the hydride stretch, are significantly separated. The hydride stretches are in the 5 μm range, making them excellent candidates for mid-IR observations with the Stratsopheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy or with the James Webb Space Telescope. Furthermore, the rotational constants and vibrational frequencies of

SiP,

SiP, and

SiP− are also provided in addition to the relative energies of all five species.
The Cosmic Shoreline: The Evidence that Escape Determines which Planets Have Atmospheres, and what this May Mean for Proxima Centauri B
Authors: Zahnle Kevin J. , Catling David C. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The planets of the solar system are neatly divided between those with atmospheres and those without when arranged by insolation (I) and escape velocity (

). The dividing line goes at

. Exoplanets with reported masses and radii are shown to crowd against the extrapolation of the solar system trend, making a metaphorical cosmic shoreline that unites all the planets. The

relation may implicate thermal escape. We therefore address the general behavior of hydrodynamic thermal escape models ranging from Pluto to highly irradiated extrasolar giant planets (EGPs). Energy-limited escape is harder to test because copious XUV radiation is mostly a feature of young stars, and hence requires extrapolating to historic XUV fluences (

) using proxies and power laws. An energy-limited shoreline should scale as

, which differs distinctly from the apparent

relation. Energy-limited escape does provide good quantitative agreement to the highly irradiated EGPs. Diffusion-limited escape implies that no planet can lose more than 1% of its mass as H2. Impact erosion, to the extent that impact velocities

can be estimated for exoplanets, fits a

shoreline. The proportionality constant is consistent with what the collision of comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 showed us we should expect of modest impacts in deep atmospheres. With respect to the shoreline, Proxima Centauri b is on the metaphorical beach. Known hazards include its rapid energetic accretion, high impact velocities, its early life on the wrong side of the runaway greenhouse, and Proxima Centauri’s XUV radiation. In its favor is a vast phase space of unknown unknowns.
Distances to Supernova Remnants G31.9+0.0 and G54.4−0.3 Associated with Molecular Clouds
Authors: Ranasinghe S. , Leahy D. A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
New distances to the supernova remnants (SNRs) G31.9+0.0 and G54.4−0.3 have been found. The analysis method uses H i absorption spectra and CO channel maps. Individual H i channel maps are used to verify absorption features in the H i absorption spectrum or to determine if they have noise. Both of the SNRs are associated with molecular clouds so accurate kinematic velocities are determined. The H iabsorption is used to resolve the kinematic distance ambiguity. The resulting new distance for G31.9+0.0 is 7.1 ± 0.4 kpc and for G54.4−0.3 it is 6.6 ± 0.6 kpc. These are significant revisions to the previous values.