bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction in space-occupying lesions of liver reported as granulomatous inflammation/tuberculosis on fine-needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Sharma Kusum , Gupta Nalini , Goyal Kapil , Duseja Ajay Kumar , Sharma Aman , Rajwanshi Arvind 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Tubercular involvement of the liver is uncommon, but is a serious consideration in differential diagnosis of granulomatous conditions, especially in endemic regions like India.

Objective:
To assess the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) done on archival cytological material in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in cases reported as granulomatous inflammation/TB in liver lesions.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study including a total of 17 cases of liver space-occupying lesions (SOLs) reported as granulomatous inflammation (n = 12) and TB (n = 5). The smears were retrieved from the archives of the department and were reviewed for the cytomorphologic features. Air-dried smears stained with May–Grünwald–Giemsa (MGG) stain were assessed for the representative material in the form of epithelioid granulomas and giant cells. One/two MGG smears from each case were destained and the material was used for performing PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by amplification of 123 bp fragment of the IS6110 insertion element.

Results:
The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 61 years. There were 12 females and 5 males. The patients presented with solitary/multiple liver SOLs. DNA could be extracted from 10/17 cases from archival MGG smears. PCR positivity was noted in 8/10 cases (including four acid-fast bacilli smear-positive cases), confirming a diagnosis of TB.

Conclusion:
Cytomorphology alone may not be sufficient for differentiating various granulomatous lesions reported in liver SOLs. DNA can be extracted from the archival cytological MGG-stained smears. PCR should be carried out if Ziehl–Neelsen staining is negative in granulomatous lesions, especially when material has not been submitted for culture.
Chorioretinal Folds in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Poon Jia S. , Vahdani Kaveh , Booth Adam P. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose To report an unusual case of bilateral choroidal folds related to multiple myeloma. Methods In this case report, fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and B-ultrasonography were used to assess posterior segment changes. Results A 55-year-old woman with history of multiple myeloma was found to have abnormal fundi. Clinical examination and investigations confirmed chorioretinal folds, which was considered to be related to myeloma. Close monitoring ensued for 2 years with no significant changes. Subsequently, she was treated with stem cell transplant for myeloma, which resulted in remission of her disease. She was also noted to have marked improvement of chorioretinal folds within 1 year. Visual function remained normal throughout the follow-up period. Conclusions Multiple myeloma can infiltrate choroidal tissue, resulting in chorioretinal folds. Stem cell transplant was associated with significant reduction in paraprotein levels and choroidal folds.
The Value of Serial Metal Ion Levels in following up Patients with Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: McHugh Gavin , Merchant Rajiv , Kelly Gabrielle E. , Bergin Karen M. , McCoy Gerald F. , Wozniak Andrew P. , Quinlan John F. 
Published: January 2017

Background The sensitivity of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) ion-levels in detecting poorly performing metal-on-metal hip implants is low. This study proposes that serial changes in ion-levels are a more accurate marker of arthroplasties at risk. Methods Serial metal ion-levels and implant data of 285 patients with ASR resurfacing or replacement were studied. Patient and implant characteristics were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results 111 (39%) had revision surgery. Time since index surgery (p≤0.001), acetabular inclination (p≤0.001), their interaction (p≤0.001) and femoral head size (p = 0.01) were significant variables. Head size (≤51 mm) had lower Co and Cr levels (p = 0.01). Cr/Co showed marginal decrease over time in the unrevised group and no decrease prerevision. Conclusions Repeated measurement of ion-levels were higher in the revision group suggesting that serial measurements rather than absolute values may have a role to play in predicting implant failure.
Applied Taguchi Method for Fatigue Testing of Customized Hip Implant
Authors: Dharme Mangesh R. , Kuthe Abhaykumar M. , Deshmukh Tushar R. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose Human activities generate stresses, which vary with time and may result in fatigue failure of the customized hip implant. This study aims to investigate fatigue testing of customized hip implants using the minimum number of experiments by the Taguchi method, for 147 patients. This study was also useful to determine the influential geometrical parameters on the fatigue safety factor of customized hip implants. Methods Horizontal offset (HO), vertical offset (VO) and neck shaft angle (NSA) of the hip joint of 147 patients were measured on computed tomography (CT) scanned images. Stress and strain of hip implants were calculated by finite element analysis and validated by in vitro experimental tests. Fatigue safety factors were calculated by Goodman, Soderberg and Gerber's fatigue theories and maximum stresses. Results Analysis of variance results show that the highest impact on fatigue safety factors was equal to 54.38% for HO, 16.33% for VO, and was equal to 29.16% for NSA with reference to Goodman, Soderberg and Gerber's fatigue theories. The hip implant shape of experiment no. 8 has the highest safety factor value compared to all other hip implants. Conclusions The results show that HO has the maximum influence on fatigue safety factors. The determination of influential geometric parameters may be useful to redesign customized hip implants in order to achieve the highest fatigue safety factor. The Taguchi method is suitable for fatigue testing of custom hip implant with a minimum number of experiments.
Endometriosis in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yeung Patrick , Gupta Shweta , Gieg Sam 
Published: January 2017

Introduction The aim of this manuscript is to present a systematic review of characteristics and management of endometriosis in adolescents in order to gain some relevant insight into the most appropriate clinical management of the disease. Methods The literature review was done using electronic database PubMed focusing on the terms ‘adolescents’, ‘endometriosis’, ‘teenagers’, ‘pain’, ‘infertility’, ‘quality of life’, ‘medical’ and ‘surgical management’ from 1980 onward and was limited to articles in English. Articles were only included if they reported original relevant research. Results The 24 studies selected for review included 1148 adolescents with laparoscopic proven endometriosis. The diagnosis of endometriosis was histologically confirmed in 39.02% (448/1148) of cases. The results from trials have been tabulated and main results presented in a question and answer format. Conclusions The majority of adolescent girls with chronic pelvic pain not responding to conventional medical therapy have endometriosis (up to 80%). Laparoscopy with biopsy is the only way to diagnose endometriosis in the adolescent population, and depends on recognition of atypical manifestations of the disease. Surgical management (especially by an expert surgeon) has been shown to be beneficial in reducing pain, improving infertility, and preventing progression or recurrence of disease. Postoperative hormonal suppression helps reduce pain symptoms and recurrence of endometriomas, but it does not seem to prevent disease recurrence or progression of peritoneal endometriosis, and has not been shown to improve future fertility. Postoperative suppression until pregnancy is based on expert opinion only. There is a need for good quality properly randomized trials.
Symplastic glomus tumor of the urinary bladder treated by robot-assisted partial cystectomy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Palmisano Franco , Gadda Franco , Spinelli Matteo G. , Maggioni Marco , Rocco Bernardo , Montanari Emanuele 
Published: January 2017

Glomus tumors arising in the urinary bladder are extremely rare, and only two cases have been reported in the English Literature. We present a case of a 58-year-old man with an asymptomatic mass of the anterior wall of the bladder that measured 2.5 × 2.5 cm. Endoscopic excision was performed, and the tumor was diagnosed as symplastic glomus tumor. The patient finally underwent robotic-assisted partial cystectomy, and he remains healthy without any recurrence to date. After reviewing this case and previous reports, we analyzed the clinicopathologic features and treatment options for this rare neoplasm.
Baseline Practices for the Application of Genomic Data Supporting Regulatory Food Safety
Authors: Lambert Dominic , Pightling Arthur , Griffiths Emma , Van Domselaar Gary , Evans Peter , Berthelet Sharon , Craig Duncan , Chandry P Scott , Stones Robert , Brinkman Fiona , Angers-Loustau Alexandre , Kreysa Joachim , Tong Weida , Blais Burton 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The application of new data streams generated from next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been demonstrated for food microbiology, pathogen identification, and illness outbreak detection. The establishment of best practices for data integrity,reproducibility, and traceability will ensure reliable, auditable, and transparent processes underlying food microbiology risk management decisions. We outline general principles to guide the use of NGS data in support of microbiological food safety. Regulatory authorities across intra- and internationaljurisdictions can leverage this effort to promote the reliability, consistency, and transparency of processes used in the derivation of genomic information for regulatory food safety purposes, and to facilitate interactions and the transfer of information in the interest of public health.
Classification of Edible Oils Based on ATR-FTIR Spectral Information During a Long Heating Treatment
Authors: Mahboubifar Marjan , Hemmateenejad Bahram , Yousefinejad Saeed 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Identification of oil type and its QC are important concerns in food control laboratories. Classifying edible oils that have not been used (i.e., unheated) with the aid of vibrational spectroscopy has previously been reported. However, the classification of used (i.e., heat-treated) oils needs special attention. The effect oflong heating times on the classification of four kinds of edible oils (canola, corn, frying, and sunflower) based on attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectra was surveyed. The sampling was done on the oils during a 36 h heating process (at 170°C). The ATR-FTIR spectra of the samples were collected in the range of 4000–550 cm−1. Interval extended canonical variates analysis (ECVA), as a variable selection and classification tool, was used to determine the best intervals during the heating procedure for classification. Principal component analysis discriminate analysis, partial least-squares discriminate analysis, and ECVA were performed on the selected intervals and on the total heating time. The effect of autoscaling and mean-centering, as data preprocessing methods, was also investigated. The ECVA method resulted in the best performances for classification, with a 94% cross-validated nonerror rate (one misclassification) for the heating process times of 24–27 and 33–36 h.
Kryptonesticus deelemanae gen. et sp. nov. (Araneae, Nesticidae), with notes on the Mediterranean cave species
Authors: Pavlek Martina , Ribera Carles 
Published: January 2017

This paper describes and illustrates a new genus and a new species belonging to the family Nesticidae based on morphology and supported by molecular data. The new genus, Kryptonesticus gen. nov., groups eight species spread from Bulgaria and Turkey to Croatia, including Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Crete. As a result, seven new combinations are proposed: K. eremita (Simon, 1879) comb. nov., K. arenstorffi (Kulczyński, 1914) comb. nov., K. fagei (Kratochvíl, 1933) comb. nov., K. beroni (Deltshev, 1977) comb. nov., K. beshkovi (Deltshev, 1979) comb. nov., K. henderickxi (Bosselaers, 1998) comb. nov. and K. dimensis (López-Pancorbo, Kunt & Ribera, 2013) comb. nov., all ex Nesticus. Kryptonesticus deelemanae gen. et sp. nov. is described on the basis of both sexes and its phylogenetic relationships with closely related species are discussed based on morphological and molecular data (the cox1, rrn and H3 genes). In addition, the species of this new genus (except for K. eremita) are clear candidates for protection: they have highly restricted ranges and some of them show a high degree of adaptation to the subterranean environment.
Effect of Precompression on the Power Doppler Assessment of Breast Lesion Vascularity
Authors: DeVita Robert , Barr Richard G. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of precompression on power Doppler visualization of blood flow in breast masses.MethodsThis Institutional Review Board–approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant study evaluated 30 patients with breast masses (16 benign and 14 malignant) undergoing ultrasound‐guided breast biopsy. A computational mathematics program was used to calculate the number of color pixels in a region of interest at various degrees of compression of the breast by the transducer. The amount of precompression was calculated as previously described. The percentage of color pixels compared to minimal compression was plotted against the percentage of precompression. The amount of precompression needed to decrease the number of color pixels by 50% and 100% was calculated. The differences between benign and malignant lesions were compared.ResultsThe mean percentages of precompression ± SD needed to decrease the number of color voxels by 50% in were 15.9% ± 6.43% (range, 8%–30%) for benign lesions and 14.0% ± 4.17% (range, 8%–20%) for malignant lesions (P = .35). The percentages of precompression needed to decrease the number of color pixels by 100% in were 34.7% ± 12.33% (range, 23%–62%) for benign lesions and for malignant lesions 26.7% ± 3.89% (range, 18%–31%), which were statistically significant (P = .027).ConclusionsThe amount of precompression normally used when obtaining B‐mode images can substantially decrease the number of color voxels on power Doppler sonography. When performing quantitative work on Doppler evaluation of breast lesions, precompression needs to be controlled.
Rupture mechanism and seismotectonics of the Ms6.5 Ludian earthquake inferred from three‐dimensional magnetotelluric imaging
Authors: Cai Juntao , Chen Xiaobin , Xu Xiwei , Tang Ji , Wang Lifeng , Guo Chunling , Han Bing , Dong Zeyi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3‐D) resistivity model around the 2014 Ms6.5 Ludian earthquake was obtained. The model shows that the aftershocks were mainly distributed in a shallow inverse L‐shaped conductive angular region surrounded by resistive structures. The presences of this shallow conductive zone may be the key factor leading to the severe damage and surface rupture of the Ludian earthquake. A northwest trending local resistive belt along the Baogunao‐Xiaohe fault interrupts the northeast trending conductive zone at the Zhaotong‐Lianfeng fault zone in the middle crust, which may be the seismogenic structure of the main shock. Based on the 3‐D electrical model, combining with GPS, thermal structure, and seismic survey results, a geodynamic model is proposed to interpret the seismotectonics, deep seismogenic background, and deformation characterized by a sinistral strike slip with a tensile component of the Ludian earthquake.
Salinity inversions in the thermocline under upwelling favorable winds
Authors: Burchard Hans , Basdurak N. Berkay , Gräwe Ulf , Knoll Michaela , Mohrholz Volker , Müller Selina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses and explains the phenomenon of salinity inversions in the thermocline offshore from an upwelling region during upwelling favorable winds. Using the nontidal central Baltic Sea as an easily accessible natural laboratory, high‐resolution transect and station observations in the upper layers are analyzed. The data show local salinity minima in the strongly stratified seasonal thermocline during summer conditions under the influence of upwelling favorable wind. A simple analytical box model using parameters (including variation by means of a Monte Carlo method) estimated from a hindcast model for the Baltic Sea is constructed to explain the observations. As a result, upwelled water with high salinity and low temperature is warmed up due to downward surface heat fluxes while it is transported offshore by the Ekman transport. The warming of upwelled surface water allows maintenance of stable stratification despite the destabilizing salinity stratification, such that local salinity minima in the thermocline can be generated. Inspection of published observations from the Benguela, Peruvian, and eastern tropical North Atlantic upwelling systems shows that also there salinity inversions occur in the thermocline, but in these cases thermocline salinity shows local maxima, since upwelled water has a lower salinity than the surface water. It is hypothesized that thermocline salinity inversions should generally occur offshore from upwelling regions whenever winds are steady enough and surface warming is sufficiently strong.
Observational evidence against strongly stabilizing tropical cloud feedbacks
Authors: Williams Ian N. , Pierrehumbert Raymond T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present a method to attribute cloud radiative feedbacks to convective processes, using subcloud layer buoyancy as a diagnostic of stable and deep convective regimes. Applying this approach to tropical remote sensing measurements over years 2000–2016 shows that an inferred negative short‐term cloud feedback from deep convection was nearly offset by a positive cloud feedback from stable regimes. The net cloud feedback was within statistical uncertainty of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) with historical forcings, with discrepancies in the partitioning of the cloud feedback into convective regimes. Compensation between high‐cloud responses to tropics‐wide warming in stable and unstable regimes resulted in smaller net changes in high‐cloud fraction with warming. In addition, deep convection and associated high clouds set in at warmer temperatures in response to warming, as a consequence of nearly invariant subcloud buoyancy. This invariance further constrained the magnitude of cloud radiative feedbacks and is consistent with climate model projections.
First results of HF radio science with e‐POP RRI and SuperDARN
Authors: Perry G. W. , James H. G. , Gillies R. G. , Howarth A. , Hussey G. C. , McWilliams K. A. , White A. , Yau A. W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe first results from coordinated experiments between the Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI) on the Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) and the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Saskatoon high frequency (HF) radar are examined for a conjunction on 8 July 2014. e‐POP, a payload on the CAScade, Smallsat and IOnospheric Polar Explorer spacecraft, was located at 380 km altitude, approximately 10° north (geographic) and 2° west of Saskatoon, Canada, moving in a southeast direction. We use a matched filter technique to extract individual received SuperDARN pulses from the RRI data stream. The pulses show characteristics of propagation through the F region ionosphere: they are heavily dispersed, they show significant pulse‐to‐pulse variability in magnitude, and there is clear evidence that they experienced multipath propagation. We calculate the polarization parameters of the pulses and use them to identify magnetoionic phenomena such as mode‐splitting and single‐mode fading. These first RRI results provide compelling insight into HF radio wave propagation and show RRI's potential to significantly advance radio science.
Addition of cladribine to the standard induction treatment improves outcomes in a subset of elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients. Results of a randomized Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG) phase II trial
Authors: Pluta Agnieszka , Robak Tadeusz , Wrzesien‐Kus Agata , Katarzyna Budziszewska Bozena , Sulek Kazimierz , Wawrzyniak Ewa , Czemerska Magdalena , Zwolinska Malgorzata , Golos Aleksandra , Holowiecka‐Goral Aleksandra , Kyrcz‐Krzemien Slawomira , Piszcz Jaroslaw , Kloczko Janusz , Mordak‐Domagala Monika , Lange Andrzej , Razny Małgorzata , Madry Krzysztof , Wiktor‐Jedrzejczak Wieslaw , Grosicki Sebastian , Butrym Aleksandra , Kuliczkowski Kazimierz , Warzocha Krzysztof , Holowiecki Jerzy , Giebel Sebastian , Szydlo Richard , Wierzbowska Agnieszka 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntensive induction chemotherapy using anthracycline and cytarabine backbone is considered the most effective upfront therapy in physically fit older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, outcomes of the standard induction in elderly AML are inferior to those observed in younger patients, and they are still unsatisfactory. As addition of cladribine to the standard induction therapy is known to improve outcome in younger AML patients. The present randomized phase II study compares efficacy and toxicity of the DAC (daunorubicin plus cytarabine plus cladribine) regimen with the standard DA (daunorubicin plus cytarabine) regimen in the newly diagnosed AML patients over 60 years of age. A total of 171 patients were enrolled in the study (DA, 86; DAC, 85). A trend toward higher complete remission (CR) was observed in the DAC arm compared to the DA arm (44% vs. 34%; P = .19), which did not lead to improved median overall survival, which in the case of the DAC group was 8.6 months compared to in 9.1 months in the DA group (P = .64). However, DAC appeared to be superior in the group of patients aged 60‐65 (CR rate: DAC 51% vs. DA 29%; P = .02). What is more, a subgroup of patients, with good and intermediate karyotypes, benefited from addition of cladribine also in terms of overall survival (P = .02). No differences in hematological and nonhematological toxicity between the DA and DAC regimens were observed.