bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Bitcoin as a World Currency
Authors: Seetharaman A. , Saravanan A.S. , Patwa Nitin , Mehta Jigar 
Published: May 2017

In an era of technology advancement when the entire world is talking about the “Internet of Things” whereby we are expected to have connectivity between anything and everything, Currency cannot be left behind. Paper currency is bound to be a thing of past, as virtual currencies will start taking over and Bitcoin is well poised to achieve this feat. Not only it will revolutionize the way payments are made, but also have potential to impact the future of world currencies like USD, which is already facing challenges from EURO or Chinese Yuan Renminbi (CNY). The rise of crypto-currencies will add a new dimension to this challenge for US Dollar (USD)The focus of this study is to understand multiple factors which are translating Bitcoin (BTC) that is gaining momentum in various fields of global finance and how disruptive it can be, including replacing main fiat currencies in the financial system impacting mainly USD. The key variables studied are Regulation or lack of it around Bitcoin, Bitcoin Technology, Bitcoin Economy and the usage of Bitcoin as a Currency. This research used the latest statistical tool ADANCO 1.1.1 by Henseler and Dijkstra (2015) to analyze the data collected by building a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The observations of this study will help understand the future of global finance from multiple standpoints, especially Regulation, Cryptocurrencies and the fiat currencies.
Dialoger om verdier i grunnskolens formålsparagraf – med minnematerialet fra 22. juli som læremiddel
Authors: Stubø Ingebjørg , Markeng Synnøve 
Published: May 2017

In the aftermath of the shooting and killing of young people on Utøya island and the bombing of government buildings on July 22nd 2011, children and adolescents put down texts and drawings on spontaneous memorials in the Oslo area1..Love and togetherness, life and human worth are often the values these utterances focus on. These are values closely related to central values in the objects clause («formåls-paragrafen») of the Norwegian Education Act, such as respect for human worth, compassion, diversity, equality and solidarity. This article highlights how children’s memorial texts can be a good starting point for conversation when the theme of the teaching is preamble values. The article deals with two forms of dialogue, philosophical conversations and teacher-led dialogues. The article’s main theoretical perspective is taken from Laila Aase’s presentation of the literary conversation in school, supplemented by perspectives that underlie the philosophical conversations and teacher-led dialogues. Nøkkelord: Verdier, læringsverdier, 22. juli 2011, dialog, filosofisk samtale
Verdier og kryssende krav i barnehagen
Authors: Thoresen Ingeborg Tveter 
Published: May 2017

Lovverk og samfunnsmandat.Om noen av forpliktelsene som myndighetene har påtatt seg ved å ratifisere internasjonale menneskerettsdokumenter som ble norsk lov med Menneskerettsloven i 2003. Nøkkelord: Verdier, verdipedagogikk, samfunnsmandat, grunnleggende verdier, rammeplan, formålsparagraf, barnehagens oppgaver, fagområdet etikk, religion og filosofi i barnehagen
Sturla Sagberg: Holistic Religious Education – is it possible? The complex web of religion, spirituality and morality. Research on Religious and Spiritual Education volume 8
Authors: Øystese Rune 
Published: May 2017

Anmeldelse av Holistic Religious Education – is it possible? The complex web of religion, spirituality and morality av Sturla Sagberg. Anmeldt av Rune Øystese
Estetikken og barna
Authors: Hellemo Geir 
Published: May 2017

Artikkelen knytter resultat fra et forskningsprosjekt omkring estetikk til religionspedagogiske utfordringer. Tematikken er forankret i et kristent kildemateriale, men har en horisont som også innbefatter jødedom og islam. Skapelsesteologien som binder de tre religionene sammen, gir dem et fast, men forsømt feste i de allmennmenneskelige erfaringene. Nøkkelord: Estetikk, pedagogikk, religion, sanselighet og transcendens, fenomenologi, skapelsesteologi
Trosopplæring, åndelig utvikling og diapraksis. Arbeid i flerkulturelle lokalsamfunn
Authors: Haugen Hans Morten 
Published: May 2017

This article draws on others’ findings on the spiritual development of children and adolescents. Acknowledging that spiritual development can promote tolerance of other religions and renewed interest in one’s own religion, the article specifies the overlaps between religiousity and sprituality. This insight is then applied on Christian education in Church of Norway, identifying how such education can promote inclusive communities. A particular diaconal project in an Oslo suburb titled ‘Youth Meet Elders’ exemplifies a method termed ‘diapraxis’, by coming together and working together. Diaconia and Christian education can be mutually reinforcing, and congregations are capable of playing a greater role in their local community.Keywords: Church of Norway • Conviviality • Diapraxis • Interreligious dialogue • Spiritual development • Youth Meet EldersNøkkelord: Den norske kirke • Behagelighet • Diapraxis • Interreligiøs dialog • Åndelig utvikling • Unge Møter Eldre (UME)-prosjektet
Teologi som ulike biter og deler. Ti år med trosopplæring i Den norske kirke
Authors: Johnsen Elisabeth Tveito 
Published: May 2017

This article analyzes how «theology» has been understood and practised in discussions taking place in relation to the implementation of the Christian Education Reform in Church of Norway. One of the main findings is that previous research has been discursive in their way of approaching theology as an authoritative discourse. Seeking to establish theology as an internally persuasive discourse, this article argues that activities beyond what has traditionally been understood as particularly Christian practices should be included as a constituting part of the educational programs taking place in Church of Norway. Being the first article to analyze the ten first years of the Christian Education Reform, its main theoretical contribution is to demonstrate how an ANT approach can question conceptions of theology often taken for granted in this empirical field.Keywords: Actor-Network-Theory (ANT) • Bruno Latour • John Law • Modes of Syncretism • Self-Ethnography • Conceptions of Theology • The Christian Education Reform in Church of Norway.Nøkkelord: Aktør-nettverk-teori (ANT) • Bruno Latour • John Law • Synkretismemoduser • Selv-etnografi • Teologibegreper • Trosopplæringsreformen i Den norske kirke.
Mineral Content as a Tool for the Assessment of Honey Authenticity
Authors: Jovetić Milica , Trifković Jelena , Stanković Dalibor , Manojlović Dragan , Milojković-Opsenica Dušanka 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The present work aims to provide a contribution to the overall investigation of European unifloral honeys with regard to authentication according to botanical and geographical origins. The mineral content of 206 monofloral honey samples of five botanical origins from six different regions in Serbia was investigated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Chemometric techniques were applied for the classification and differentiation of acacia, sunflower, and linden honey according to botanical origin, as well as acacia honey samples according to regional origin. The highest influence on the differentiation of acacia honey samples was the presence of siderophile and chalcophile elements, whereas sunflower and linden honeys were determined by the presence of lithophile elements, indicating their origin from soil. However, due to the different bioaccumulation properties of plants, the presence of elements is not necessarily directly correlated to their presence in soil, which is confirmed by the results of the authentication of geographical origin of acacia honey.
Co-production to inform clinical commissioning in COPD: an evaluation of Working Together for Change
Authors: Early Frances , Winders Sarah-Jane , Reddy Snigdha , Ralphs Jonathan , Fuld Jonathan 
Published: May 2017

Rationale, aims and objectives: Patient involvement in healthcare decision-making is often limited to consultation. Co-production is an approach that empowers patients to work collaboratively with providers as agents of change. The objective of this study was to explore participants’ experiences and satisfaction with a co-production process, Working Together for Change (WTfC), used to inform the commissioning of services for people living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Method: Mixed methods developmental service evaluation drawing primarily on qualitative data from semi-structured interviews. Setting and participants: Community-based intervention with COPD patients, carers, commissioners and providers of COPD services. Intervention: One-to-one reviews with 45 patients identified what was working, not working and what was important for the future regarding COPD management. In 2 one-day workshops attended by 14 patients and carers and 17 professionals this information was analysed to inform commissioning priorities.Results: Participant satisfaction was high. Thematic analysis identified 3 themes: (1) an engaging experience, (2) a constructive process enabled by strong patient presence, real patient experiences, collaboration, sense of freedom, a range of contributions and commitment & (3) personal gains from the patient and carer voice being counted, mutual understanding, seeing the value of patient involvement and learning and sharing. Some concerns were raised about the process and suggestions made for improvement.Conclusions: WTfC was an acceptable process to inform COPD commissioning activity and resulted in an agreed and priorities action plan for COPD service commissioning. It supported collaborative working, egalitarian relationships and mutual learning between patients, carers and professionals. As a standalone activity it was not possible to evaluate the value of the outputs to commissioners or the objective impact but it provided a powerful introduction to co-production methods. WTfC can be an impactful starting point for embedding co-production into the commissioning process.
Revision of Saurorhynchus (Actinopterygii: Saurichthyidae) from the Early Jurassic of England and Germany
Authors: Maxwell Erin E. , Stumpf Sebastian 
Published: May 2017

Saurichthyidae is a speciose group of fishes, ranging from the Late Permian to the Middle Jurassic. Early Jurassic saurichthyids are usually considered morphologically less disparate and taxonomically less diverse than their Triassic counterparts, consisting of only two valid species. These were historically differentiated almost entirely based on cranial ratios, and both had stratigraphic ranges spanning the Early Jurassic. Here, we revise the Early Jurassic saurichthyid fishes of Europe based on restudy of the type material of Saurorhynchus brevirostris (Woodward, 1895) and S. acutus (Agassiz, 1844). We identify four species based on cranial osteology: S. acutus, S. brevirostris, S. anningae sp. nov., and S. hauffi sp. nov. Saurorhynchus brevirostris and S. anningae sp. nov. are known from the Sinemurian of England only, whereas S. acutus and S. hauffi sp. nov. share a broad European distribution during the Toarcian, from southwestern Germany to England. Saurorhynchus anningae sp. nov. and S. brevirostris, in particular, show disparity in such ecomorphologically important traits as cranial fineness, and tooth and jaw morphology. In contrast, S. acutus and S. hauffi sp. nov. show much lower levels of disparity, differing from each other in nostril morphology, dermal ornamentation, and position of the lateral extrascapular. The new species do not increase diversity estimates for Saurorhynchus in either the Sinemurian or Toarcian interval.
Learning to Teach, Imaginatively: Supporting the Development of New Teachers Through Cognitive Tools
Authors: Egan Kieran , Bullock Shawn Michael , Chodakowski Anne 
Published: May 2017

We propose that teacher candidates need to have extended experiences with learning to teach imaginatively, which is to say that teacher candidates need to have experiences that enable them to consider new possibilities in education. We first attend to the general theoretical framework offered by imaginative education before moving on to consider the implications of imaginative education for teacher education programs. We conclude with some provocations to the field that we hope will be of use for those who might wish to join us in considering how we might teach teachers to teach in imaginative ways — a complex sentence with an even more complicated set of implications.
Construct validity and test–retest reliability of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) in Colombian children and adolescents aged 9–17.9 years: the FUPRECOL study
Authors: Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Cruz-Salazar Sandra Milena , Martínez Myriam , Cadore Eduardo L. , Alonso-Martinez Alicia M. , Correa-Bautista Jorge E. , Izquierdo Mikel , Ortega Francisco B. , García-Hermoso Antonio 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThere is a lack of instruments and studies written in Spanish evaluating physical fitness, impeding the determination of the current status of this important health indicator in the Latin population, especially in Colombia. The aim of the study was two-fold: to examine the validity of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) with a population-based sample of schoolchildren from Bogota, Colombia and to examine the reliability of the IFIS with children and adolescents from Engativa, Colombia.MethodsThe sample comprised 1,873 Colombian youths (54.5% girls) aged 9–17.9 years. We measured their adiposity markers (waist-to-height ratio, skinfold thickness, percentage of body fat and body mass index), blood pressure, lipids profile, fasting glucose, and physical fitness level (self-reported and measured). A validated cardiometabolic risk index score was also used. An age- and sex-matched subsample of 229 schoolchildren who were not originally included in the sample completed the IFIS twice for reliability purposes.ResultsOur data suggest that both measured and self-reported overall physical fitness levels were inversely associated with percentage of body fat indicators and the cardiometabolic risk index score. Overall, schoolchildren who self-reported “good” or “very good” fitness had better measured fitness levels than those who reported “very poor/poor” fitness (allp < 0.001). The test-retest reliability of the IFIS items was also good, with an average weighted kappa of 0.811.DiscussionOur findings suggest that self-reported fitness, as assessed by the IFIS, is a valid, reliable, and health-related measure. Furthermore, it can be a good alternative for future use in large studies with Latin schoolchildren from Colombia.
The metabolic profile of a rat model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tanada Yohei , Okuda Junji , Kato Takao , Minamino-Muta Eri , Murata Ichijiro , Soga Tomoyoshi , Shioi Tetsuo , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe kidney is always subjected to high metabolic demand. The aim of this study was to characterize metabolic profiles of a rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) induced by prolonged hypertension.MethodsWe used inbred male Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats fed an 8% NaCl diet from six weeks of age (high-salt; HS group) or a 0.3% NaCl diet as controls (low-salt; LS group). We analyzed function, pathology, metabolome, and the gene expression related to energy metabolism of the kidney.ResultsDS rats with a high-salt diet showed hypertension at 11 weeks of age and elevated serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen with heart failure at 21 weeks of age. The fibrotic area in the kidneys increased at 21 weeks of age. In addition, gene expression related to mitochondrial function was largely decreased. The levels of citrate and isocitrate increased and the gene expression of alpha-ketoglutaratedehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase decreased; these are enzymes that metabolize citrate and isocitrate, respectively. In addition, the levels of succinate and acetyl Co-A, both of which are metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, decreased.ConclusionsDS rats fed a high-salt diet were deemed a suitable model of CKD with CRS. Gene expression and metabolites related to energy metabolism and mitochondria in the kidney significantly changed in DS rats with hypertension in accordance with the progression of renal injury.
Factors affecting genotyping success in giant panda fecal samples
Authors: Zhu Ying , Liu Hong-Yi , Yang Hai-Qiong , Li Yu-Dong , Zhang He-Min 
Published: May 2017

Fecal samples play an important role in giant panda conservation studies. Optimal preservation conditions and choice of microsatellites for giant panda fecal samples have not been established. In this study, we evaluated the effect of four factors (namely, storage type (ethanol (EtOH), EtOH −20 °C, 2-step storage medium, DMSO/EDTA/Tris/salt buffer (DETs) and frozen at −20 °C), storage time (one, three and six months), fragment length, and repeat motif of microsatellite loci) on the success rate of microsatellite amplification, allelic dropout (ADO) and false allele (FA) rates from giant panda fecal samples. Amplification success and ADO rates differed between the storage types. Freezing was inferior to the other four storage methods based on the lowest average amplification success and the highest ADO rates (P < 0.05). The highest microsatellite amplification success was obtained from either EtOH or the 2-step storage medium at three storage time points. Storage time had a negative effect on the average amplification of microsatellites and samples stored in EtOH and the 2-step storage medium were more stable than the other three storage types. We only detected the effect of repeat motif on ADO and FA rates. The lower ADO and FA rates were obtained from tri- and tetra-nucleotide loci. We suggest that freezing should not be used for giant panda fecal preservation in microsatellite studies, and EtOH and the 2-step storage medium should be chosen on priority for long-term storage. We recommend candidate microsatellite loci with longer repeat motif to ensure greater genotyping success for giant panda fecal studies.
Clonidine or remifentanil for adequate surgical conditions in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized study
Authors: Bairy Laurent , Vanderstichelen Marie , Jamart Jacques , Collard Edith 
Published: May 2017

Background
Deliberate hypotension is one way to achieve a bloodless surgical field in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We compared two anaesthesia regimens to induce deliberate hypotension and attempted to determine the most efficient one.

Methods
Fifty-nine patients undergoing ESS were minimized into two groups. In the CLO group, patients received I.V. sufentanil 0.15 µg/kg together with I.V. clonidine 2–3 µg/kg. In the REMI group, patients received remifentanil at a rate of up to 1 µg/kg/min. Fromme scores were collected 15 min after the incision and at the end of the procedure. Mean arterial pressure readings (MAP), heart rate readings, time to eyes opening, time to extubation, pain scores, analgesic requirements, and oxygen needs were collected and compared.

Results
There were no significant differences in Fromme scores between the two groups. The averaged MAP from 15 min to the end of the procedure was significantly lower in the REMI group; these patients also received more ephedrine. Significantly fewer patients in the CLO group needed oxygen therapy to keep their Pulse Oximeter Oxygen Saturation within 3% of their preoperative values. Patients in this group also needed less piritramide in the recovery room, and their pain scores were lower at discharge from the recovery room.

Discussion
Although both anaesthesia regimens offered a similar quality of surgical field, this study suggests that clonidine had a better average safety profile. Furthermore, patients who received this regimen required fewer painkillers immediately after surgery.
Sand supply to the Lake Albert Basin (Uganda) during the Miocene‐Pliocene: A multiproxy provenance approach
Authors: Gagnevin D. , Tyrrell S. , Morton A.C. , Leather J. , Lee N. , Bordas‐Le Floch N. , Frei D. , Lukaye J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA multiproxy provenance approach (heavy mineral analysis, U‐Pb zircon geochronology, and Pb isotopic analysis of K‐feldspar) has constrained sediment supply within the Upper Nile drainage system in the Miocene‐Pliocene. Provenance data from sandstones were obtained from three exploration wells, two situated on the north‐eastern margin and one on the eastern flank of the Lake Albert Basin, NW Uganda. Data suggest that high‐grade to low‐grade metamorphic rocks and granitoids have variably supplied the heavy mineral assemblages around the Lake Albert Basin during the Miocene‐Pliocene, with contributions from the isotopically heterogeneous Archean Cratons (including the local Ugandan Craton, Tanzanian, and Congo Cratons) and the Pan‐African rocks (the Mozambique Belt) with possible contributions from the Neoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic rocks. These data also highlight clear differences between supply to the eastern basin margin, compared with the northeast, which is reconcilable with current models for Miocene‐Pliocene drainage in the region. Supply to northeastern Lake Albert during the Miocene‐Pliocene appears to have been through a proto‐Albert Nile (draining from NE to SW) and from a proto‐Victoria Nile or similarly oriented palaeo‐river systems draining from the east. In contrast, the eastern flanks of the basin were likely supplied via the palaeo‐Nkusi river, tapping local hinterland sources and more distal basement to the far‐east (Mozambique Belt). This study highlights the importance of utilizing a multiproxy approach in provenance analysis as no one signal is capable of distinguishing the different source lands and constraining the evolving drainage patterns.
Halogen variations through the quenched margin of a MORB lava: Evidence for direct assimilation of seawater during eruption
Authors: Broadley Michael W. , Burgess Ray. , Kumagai Hidenori. , Curran Natalie M. , Ballentine Chris J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHalogens and noble gases within submarine basaltic glasses are critical tracers of interactions between the surface volatile reservoirs and the mantle. However, as the halogens and noble gases are concentrated within seawater, sediments, and the oceanic crust this makes the original volatile signature of submarine basaltic lavas susceptible to geochemical overprinting. This study combines halogen (Cl, Br, and I), noble gas, and K concentrations within a single submarine basaltic quenched margin to quantify the amount of seawater assimilation during eruption, and to further elucidate the mechanisms of overprinting. The outer sections of the glass rim are enriched in Cl compared to the interior of the margin, which maintains mantle‐like Br/Cl, I/Cl, and K/Cl ratios. Low Br/Cl and K/Cl in the outer sections of the basaltic glass margin indicate that the Cl enrichment in the outer glass is derived from the assimilation of a saline brine component with up to 70% of the Cl within the glass being derived from brine assimilation. Atmospheric noble gas contamination is decoupled from halogen contamination with contaminated outer sections maintaining MORB‐like 40Ar/36Ar, suggesting seawater‐derived brine assimilation during eruption is not the dominant source of atmospheric noble gases in submarine basalts. Volatile heterogeneities in submarine basalts introduced during and after eruption, as we have shown in this study, have the potential to expand the range of mantle halogen compositions and only by better understanding these heterogeneities can the Br/Cl and I/Cl variance in mantle derived samples are determined accurately.