bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical relevance of orthostatic hypotension in elderly patients
Authors: Hartog Laura , Kleefstra Nanne , Luigies Rene , de Rooij Sophia , Bilo Henk , van Hateren Kornelis 
Published: February 2017

AimOrthostatic hypotension (OH) is highly prevalent in old age. The impact of OH on orthostatic complaints and falling is questionable. We wondered if the consensus definition of OH plays an essential role in the accuracy and direction of the prediction of these endpoints. We aimed to explore the relation between different definitions of OH, including relative decrease of blood pressure, and orthostatic complaints and falling.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed with 1415 participants aged ≥65 years visiting a mobile fall‐prevention team. The CAREFALL Triage Instrument and data on blood pressure, orthostatic complaints and previous fall incidents were collected. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of different definitions of OH and orthostatic complaints or falling. Ten different definitions of OH based on different relative declines of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were defined.ResultsThe 2011 consensus definition of OH was not related to orthostatic complaints (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.07 (95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 0.68–1.69)) or previous fall incidents (OR 1.08 (95%CI 0.83–1.41)). A ≥ 25 % SBP decrease was significantly related to orthostatic complaints (OR 2.81 (95%CI 1.31–6.05)) and a ≥ 25 % DBP decrease was related to previous fall incidents (OR 2.56 (95%CI 1.08–6.09)).ConclusionsWith the exception of a decrease of ≥25 % SBP or DBP, the clinical relevance of incidental OH blood pressure measurements seems very limited with respect to orthostatic complaints or fall incidents in elderly patients. Using relative decreases may be more appropriate in clinical practice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1881–1885.
Potentially inappropriate medications in Chinese older adults: The beers criteria compared with the screening tool of older persons’ prescriptions criteria
Authors: Li Hong , Pu Shiyun , Liu Qinhui , Huang Xin , Kuang Jiangying , Chen Lei , Shen Jing , Cheng Shihai , Wu Tong , Li Rui , Li Yanping , Mo Li , Jiang Wei , Song Yi , He Jinhan 
Published: February 2017

AimThe present study aimed to assess the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) use in West China Hospital residents aged ≥65 years, using two sets of criteria – the Beers and Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria – and to compare the Beers and STOPP criteria, and to determine the better criteria for assessing PIM of older adults in China.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study, and all patients were aged ≥65 years and admitted through the Information Center of West China Hospital from October 2010 to April 2013. The Beers and STOPP criteria were used to identify PIM. A multivariate logistic regression study was used to identify the predictors of PIM use.ResultsIn the 6337 patients included, the mean age was 81.30 years (SD 6.75), 4795 (75.70%) were male and 5033 (79.42%) were prescribed at least one PIM by either criterion. The Beers criteria identified PIM use in 4593 (72.48%) of patients, and 3278 (51.73%) of patients used at least one PIM according to the STOPP criteria. The most prevalent PIM according to the Beers criteria were benzodiazepines (34.40%); according to the STOPP criteria, it was calcium channel blockers with chronic constipation (18.52%). Increasing age, sex (female), the number of diagnostic diseases and the number of prescribed medications predicted PIM use by both criteria.ConclusionThe present study showed a high frequency of PIM in China. The Beers criteria had a higher detection rate and were more sensitive for assessing PIM of older adults in China. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1951–1958.
Making and Unmaking the Nation in World History: Introduction
Authors: Kim Sophie‐Jung H. , McClure Alastair , McQuade Joseph 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis special issue consists of six articles initially presented at a conference titled ‘(Un)Making the Nation’, held at the University of Cambridge on the 10th and 11th of September in 2015. With papers ranging across temporal, geographical and thematic boundaries, this international and interdisciplinary conference explored various new engagements with the concepts of nations and nationalism. The introduction traces the ways historians have sought to insert ‘the nation’ into their work in spite of the methodological challenges brought by the global turn. The goal is neither to bury the nation nor to resurrect it, but is rather to introduce some useful approaches through which the making and unmaking of nations in world history can be better understood. This article then concludes by offering a brief synopsis of the articles that constitute the wider issue.
Tissue‐specific expression and silencing phenotypes of mitochondrial phosphate carrier paralogues in several insect species
Authors: Sugahara R. , Jouraku A. , Nakakura T. , Minaba M. , Yamamoto T. , Shinohara Y. , Miyoshi H , Shiotsuki T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe mitochondrial phosphate carrier gene (PiC) encodes a membrane protein that mediates the supply of inorganic phosphate from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. This substrate‐specific transport system plays an important role in efficient ATP synthesis. Mammals appear to have only one PiC with two alternative splicing variants whose functional differences remain unclear. The present study is the first to characterize the multiple genes that encode PiC in insects. Bombyx mori was found to have two PiC paralogues, one ubiquitous and one testis‐specific, the latter seeming to be present only in Lepidoptera. Drosophila melanogaster was found to harbour two PiC paralogues, whereas Liriomyza chinensis, another dipteran, has three PiC paralogues. Two PiCs were found to be present in Plautia stali, and silencing either of these genes affected the normal development of P. stali nymphs, although their expression patterns differed amongst tissues. Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria have two PiC each, with different expression patterns. Tribolium castaneum was found to have only one PiC, which appears to play an essential role in larval development. Thus, although the inorganic phosphate transport system appears to be conserved across eukaryotes, PiC has become specialized in the different tissues of different insect species.
Structural, electric modulus and complex impedance analysis of ZnO/TiO2 composite ceramics
Authors: Ben Belgacem Raoudha , Chaari Mariem , Braña Alejandro F. , Garcia Basilio Javier , Matoussi Adel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractZnO/TiO2 composite ceramics have been prepared by solid‐state reaction technique at 900°C. The X‐ray diffraction results revealed the formation of secondary phases referred to as spinel Zn2TiO4 and hexagonal ZnTiO3. The structural analysis showed that all the composites that have been prepared have a polycrystalline nature and a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The complex modulus (M) and electric impedance of the samples have been investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy in a wide range of temperature (40°C‐110°C) and frequency (0.1 Hz to 10 MHz). The modulus plots (M′′, M′) illustrate the presence of non‐Debye type of relaxations attributed to the effects of interfacial and dipolar polarizations. The real and the imaginary parts of the impedance are well fitted to equivalent circuit models. At high temperatures, Z″max varies from 0.03 × 106 to 4.9 × 106 Ω when the TiO2 doping concentration increases from 1 to 7 wt%. From the obtained results, the secondary phase ZnTiO3 plays an important role in the electrical properties.
Constitutive modeling of indentation cracking in fused silica
Authors: Bruns Sebastian , Johanns Kurt E. , Rehman Hamad U.R. , Pharr George M. , Durst Karsten 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFused silica shows three distinct regimes during nanoindentation, that is, plastic deformation, inelastic densification, and cracking. Cohesive zone FEM is used to study these regimes for different indenter geometries. In a three‐dimensional model, the median/radial cracking is considered by introducing cohesive element planes that are aligned along the indenter edges perpendicular to the indented surface. In addition to comparing indentation cracking data with experimental data, the role of densification on indentation crack growth is critically examined using a pressure independent von Mises and a pressure dependent Drucker‐Prager Cap constitutive model. The results show that the Drucker‐Prager Cap model delivers an accurate description of the elastic‐plastic deformation conditions for all examined indenter geometries. Material densification leads to shorter crack lengths and thus the approach by Lawn et al. (J Am Ceram Soc, 1980;63:574‐581) results in larger indentation‐based fracture toughness values. Once the crack was initiated its propagation is comparable for blunt indenter geometries (Berkovich), while densification leads to a slower crack propagation for sharper indenter geometries.
Advanced glycation end products regulate anabolic and catabolic activities via NLRP3‐inflammasome activation in human nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Song Yu , Wang Yan , Zhang Yukun , Geng Wen , Liu Wei , Gao Yong , Li Shuai , Wang Kun , Wu Xinghuo , Kang Liang , Yang Cao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration is widely recognized as a cause of lower back pain, neurological dysfunction and other musculoskeletal disorders. The major inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration; however, the molecular mechanisms that drive IL‐1β production in the intervertebral disc, especially in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, are unknown. In some tissues, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accumulate in NP tissues and promote its degeneration, increase oxidative stress and IL‐1β secretion, resulting in disorders, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and ageing. It remains unclear whether AGEs exhibit similar effects in NP cells. In this study, we observed significant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in NP tissues obtained from patients with degenerative disc disease compared to that with idiopathic scoliosis according to results detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Using NP cells established from healthy tissues, our in vitro study revealed that AGEs induced an inflammatory response in NP cells and a degenerative phenotype in a NLRP3‐inflammasome‐dependent manner related to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE)/NF‐κB pathway and mitochondrial damage induced by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) activation and calcium mobilization. Among these signals, both RAGE and mitochondrial damage primed NLRP3 and pro‐IL‐1β activation as upstream signals of NF‐κB activity, whereas mitochondrial damage was critical for the assembly of inflammasome components. These results revealed that accumulation of AGEs in NP tissue may initiate inflammation‐related degeneration of the intervertebral disc via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Bold and newly Independent, or Isolated and Cast Adrift? The Implications of Brexit for Intellectual Property Law and Policy
Authors: Farrand Benjamin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhat happens when a breakdown in relations results in mutually possessed objectives becoming harder to achieve? This article explores the consequences of the UK's withdrawal from the EU for intellectual property (IP) law and policy. Compared with other fields such as Economic and Monetary Union and the development of the EU's ‘social chapter’, the UK has been a supportive and proactive player in internal market integration, particularly pertaining to IP protection. As a result of ‘Brexit’, the EU may find that the impetus for further harmonization and integration in this field is lost, such as with the EU unitary patent. However, the consequences for the UK are likely to be more severe – a loss of influence, both over laws that govern it and in exporting IP norms internationally, as well as a loss of access to certain protections, agencies and market sectors that are within the UK's economic interests.
The complex case of Ceratitis cosyra (Diptera: Tephritidae) and relatives. A DNA barcoding perspective
Authors: Virgilio M. , Manrakhan A. , Delatte H. , Daneel J‐H. , Mwatawala M. W. , Meganck K. , Barr N. B. , De Meyer M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe mango fruit fly, Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) cosyra, is a major agricultural pest affecting mango production in sub‐Saharan Africa. Morphological differences between C. cosyra and five closely related Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) species (C. discussa, C. pallidula, C. quinaria, C. silvestrii, C. striatella) are subtle, so that their identification often requires specialized expertise. A previous study based on nuclear molecular markers (microsatellites) showed cryptic genetic variation within C. cosyra with separate microsatellite genotypic clusters also occurring in sympatry. This study aimed at verifying whether DNA barcoding can (a) separate C. cosyra from morphologically similar Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) species and (b) resolve the cryptic genetic variation previously observed within C. cosyra. A subset of 62 C. cosyra specimens previously genotyped at 16 microsatellite loci was subjected to DNA barcoding. This data set was integrated with 130 DNA barcodes of C. cosyra, C. discussa, C. quinaria, C. silvestrii and C. striatella. Neighbor Joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian tree reconstructions confirmed the presence of two main C. cosyra genotypic groups and resolved well‐supported groups corresponding to C. discussa, C. pallidula, C. striatella and to C. quinaria/C. silvestrii. The analysis of morphological characters did not show consistent morphological differences between the two groups of C. cosyra and called into question the morphological characters currently implemented in the identification of C. striatella. These results further support the hypothesis of cryptic speciation within the mango fruit fly and suggest that DNA barcoding represents a suitable complementary tool for the problematic diagnosis of C. cosyra and C. striatella.
Temporal order judgements as a sensitive measure of the spatial bias in patients with visuospatial neglect
Authors: Van der Stigchel Stefan , Nijboer Tanja C. W. 
Published: February 2017

Visuospatial neglect is not a unitary phenomenon, but can be better considered a syndrome, consisting of a multitude of different spatial and non‐spatial components. In this study, we used a temporal order judgement (TOJ) test in a large sample of stroke patients (n = 73) to scrutinize the contribution of a spatial bias to the performance on shape cancellation and line bisection tests. In the TOJ test, patients were presented with two elements, one in each visual field, after which the one needed to indicate which of the two elements was presented earlier. For each visual field, the presentation of the stimuli was determined by a staircase procedure where the interval between the two stimuli was determined by the performance of the patient. Results indicated that the strength of the spatial bias was strongly correlated with an object cancellation test, but not with a line bisection test. We argue that these findings are explained by differences in the extent to which a spatial bias determines performance on both tasks: In contrast to shape cancellation tests, successful performance on line bisection tests depends primarily on an object‐based, allocentric representation of space, unrelated to any spatial bias in the detection of elements in the contralesional visual field.
Identification and aggressiveness of four isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense from Latundan banana in Brazil
Authors: Araújo Neilton Antonio Fiusa , Pasqual Moacir , Pio Leila Aparecida Salles , Alves Eduardo , de Matos Moura Nevenka , Costa Sarah da Silva 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMembers of Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) have been extensively studied because it causes many crop diseases and losses. This complex has more than 150 putatively plant host‐specific formae speciales such as F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc), the aetiological agent of Fusarium wilt of banana, Panama disease. The objective of this study was to characterize isolates obtained from rhizomes of the latundan (apple) variety of banana showing symptoms of Panama disease using morphological markers, phylogenetic analyses of the TEF‐1α and pathogenicity tests. Isolates were harvested from the states of Minas Gerais (Foc GO2), Goiás (Foc GO1 and Foc GO2A) and Bahia (Foc 807). Morphological markers of isolates observed are in accordance with the original descriptions of the F. oxysporum. Foc isolates grouped into two different lineages, and one of these is a lineage not yet recorded. Aggressiveness was assessed by a rating scale of the symptoms displayed in the shoot, rhizome and conducting vessels in latundan banana trees. The results indicated that all isolates belong to F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, race 1. Isolate Foc GO2A proved to be more aggressive than the others. The results generated in this study contribute to knowledge of lineages diversity within Foc.
Outcome and prognostic factors following curative‐intent surgery for oral tumours in dogs: 234 cases (2004 to 2014)
Authors: Sarowitz B. N. , Davis G. J. , Kim S. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo describe the long‐term outcomes and prognostic factors associated with curative‐intent surgery for oral tumours in a large series of dogs.MethodsRetrospective review of records for dogs with oral tumours treated with curative‐intent surgery. Data collected included signalment, weight, surgical procedure, lymph node staging results, computed tomography results, tumour size, histopathology results including margin evaluation, complications, adjunctive therapies, local recurrence or metastasis, date and cause of death and owner satisfaction.ResultsMedian cause‐specific survival was shortest for malignant melanoma (206 days) and osteosarcoma (209 days). Local recurrence rate was highest for fibrosarcoma (54·2%) and distant metastatic rate was highest for malignant melanoma (30%). Curative‐intent surgery resulted in complete surgical margins in 85·2% of cases.Clinical SignificanceResults suggest tumour type, completeness of excision, tumour size, and age may affect disease‐free interval and cause‐specific survival. Fibrosarcoma had a higher risk of recurrence compared to other tumour types.
Multiscale assessment of woody species recruitment in Mediterranean shrublands: facilitation and beyond
Authors: Andivia Enrique , Villar‐Salvador Pedro , Tovar Liliana , Rabasa Sonia , Rey Benayas José M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimForest recovery in Mediterranean environments is influenced by factors such as aridity, herbivory and facilitation by shrubs, as well as by seed limitation in the case of highly fragmented forests. How these various factors interact can determine the direction of secondary succession, yet these interactions are poorly understood. We assessed the relative importance of several factors in forest species recruitment in Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss (Retama) shrublands at different spatial scales.LocationCentre of the Iberian Peninsula.MethodsWe surveyed mid‐ and late successional woody species common in Holm oak forests in 29 Retama shrublands that are distributed along an environmental gradient of increasing aridity and herbivory (regional scale) and are located at various distances from forest patches of different sizes (landscape and local scale). In each Retama shrubland, we analysed the effects of microhabitat (under Retama canopy vs open gaps), aridity, presence of nurse shrubs, herbivory, based on the density of pellet droppings, and propagule pressure, measured as the ratio between the size of forest patches acting as seed sources and their distance to Retama shrubs.ResultsQuercus ilex, Asparagus acutifolius and Juniperus oxycedrus were the mid‐ and late successional woody species most recruited in Retama shrublands. Their frequency, which increased with precipitation, was higher under Retama canopy than in gaps. Differences in Q. ilex recruitment between Retama canopy or gaps increased with rainfall, suggesting a decrease in Retama facilitation effectiveness with increasing aridity. Frequency of recruited oaks increased with the total area of woodland remnants located at <0.5 km, yet propagule pressure did not modulate the positive effect of Retama and rainfall on recruitment. Forest patches at distances >0.5 km did not contribute to recruitment.ConclusionsPresence of the shrub R. sphaerocarpa and dispersal‐related processes at local scale are main determinants of the colonization of shrublands by late successional woody species. Preserving Retama shrublands and Q. ilex woodland remnants is therefore crucial for extensive passive restoration of Mediterranean oak forests. However, facilitation by Retama is much weaker when both aridity and herbivory are high, regardless of seed source availability.
Language change and network games
Authors: Mühlenbernd Roland , Quinley Jason 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStudies of language change and variation in sociolinguistics investigate the correlations between social variables and phenomena like vernacular speech norms, code switching, and dialect continua. In multiple studies, researchers claim one variable as (a) particularly decisive and correlative for a number of phenomena and (b) almost universally applicable: the social network structure (Milroy, ). This article summarizes previous work incorporating network theory in questions of language change and discusses a practice noticeably absent from classical sociolinguistics: the simulation of language change. In simulation experiments, sociolinguistic theories of language change – especially those employing social network structure – can be tested in a virtual society free from the hindrance of data sparseness. In this context, the model of game theory can be utilized to construct individuals' interaction for more robust and feasible results.
Would mobile health be a solution to rehospitalization?
Authors: Tao Hong , McRoy Susan , Wang Lin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt has been well‐established that social environmental factors can increase the risk of rehospitalization for people receiving home healthcare services. For caregivers who might be challenged to keep up with sometimes unfamiliar health monitoring tasks or to know when to seek help, mobile health technology offers the potential to enhance the skills of informal caregivers and to improve the communication between home and clinical care. This paper described our recent work to determine the usability, functionality, and style of interaction that would be needed to provide an effective and well‐accepted tool. Caregivers would likely adopt new mobile health tools, as long as care is taken to eliminate potential barriers, for example, by providing adequate training, and to include design aspects that enhance one's motivation to use a tool, such as by supporting autonomy and engagement.