bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain involvement in the use of games in nursing education
Authors: Murad Sadaf S. 
Published: January 2017

In this high-speed world in which everything is technologically driven, higher education also needs to incorporate technology into the scope of teaching pedagogy. Aligning educational games with the nursing curriculum is one way to address the need for technologically knowledgeable learners. Learning occurs in gaming environment is experimental, and constructive. Albeit, threading them in the nursing curriculum required in-depth knowledge about understanding brain involvement in this process. Nurse educators can thread gaming into the nursing content to ensure that learning occurs in a friendly environment. Learning games stimulates the release of dopamine in the midbrain, and the learning becomes part of long-term memory. The games must challenge and augment students’ interest so they get involved in the learning journey. The challenging environment, with clearly listed goals and ongoing feedback enhances learners’ interest and learning become part of their long-term memory. Gaming is an incomparable way of helping nursing students to learn actively and master learning skills. This literature review will discuss the phenomenon of gaming in education, the parts of brain that involved in educational games, scaffolding teaching and learning theories in designing educational games to improve and at last highlight the significance of gaming in nursing pedagogy. Use of games will open new horizon of possibilities to address various learning of different kinds of learners. This paper will act as a foundation to better comprehend the effective use of virtual world in academia.
Green Pharmaceutical Analysis of Drugs Coformulated with Highly Different Concentrations Using Spiking and Manipulation of Their Ratio Spectra
Authors: Ayoub Bassam M 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Introducing green analysis to pharmaceutical products is considered a significant approach to preserving the environment. This method can be an environmentally friendly alternative to the existing methods, accompanied by a validated automated procedure for the analysis of a drug with the lowest possible number of samples. Different simple spectrophotometric methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of empagliflozin (EG) and metformin (MT) by manipulating their ratio spectra in their application on a recently approved pharmaceutical combination, Synjardy tablets. A spiking technique was used to increase the concentration of EG in samples prepared from the tablets to allow for the simultaneous determination of EG with MT without prior separation. Validation parameters according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines were acceptable over a concentration range of 2–12 μg/mL for both drugs using derivative ratio and ratio subtraction coupled with extended ratio subtraction. The optimized methods were compared using one-way analysis of variance and proved to be suitable as ecofriendly approaches for industrial QC laboratories.
Accuracy of Sonographically Estimated Fetal Weight Near Delivery in Pregnancies Complicated With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Valent Amy M. , Newman Tondra , Kritzer Sara , Magner Kristin , Warshak Carri R. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of sonographic estimations of fetal weight (FW) and signed percent error between pregnant patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all singleton nonanomalous live births who delivered after 34 weeks and received a sonographic estimation of FW within 2 weeks of delivery at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center between 2008 and 2011. Our primary outcome compared the ΔFW and signed percent error between DM and non‐DM pregnancies. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the prediction of FW greater than 4000 g in each study group. Linear regression analysis assessed correlation coefficients, R2 values, and variance of the ΔFW by live birth weight.ResultsThe mean ΔFWs were 62 and 103 g for non‐DM and DM pregnancies, respectively (P = .04). However, the signed percent error (mean ± SD, 1.7% ± 9.8% versus 2.6% ± 9.9%; P = .15) was similar between the study groups. Linear regression comparing the ΔFW to the live birth weight revealed a weak correlation in DM (r = 0.34; R2 = 0.11) and non‐DM pregnancies, (r = 0.17; R2 = 0.03) pregnancies. Overall sensitivity for the prediction of FW greater than 4000 g was poor (0.41 and 0.62 in non‐DM and DM pregnancies). However, the specificity was high (0.97 and 0.99 for both groups).ConclusionsAlthough DM alters the biometric measurements of the fetus with increasing thoracoabdominal size, there are no clinically significant alterations in the accuracy of sonography for FW prediction when performed near delivery. Sonography is highly specific for birth weight greater than 4000 g, which is helpful for delivery planning and management.
Blood‐Brain Barrier Closure Time After Controlled Ultrasound‐Induced Opening Is Independent of Opening Volume
Authors: O'Reilly Meaghan A. , Hough Olivia , Hynynen Kullervo 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesMicrobubble‐mediated focused ultrasound (US) opening of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) has shown promising results for the treatment of brain tumors and conditions such as Alzheimer disease. Practical clinical implementation of focused US treatments would aim to treat a substantial portion of the brain; thus, the safety of opening large volumes must be investigated. This study investigated whether the opened volume affects the time for the BBB to be restored after treatment.MethodsSprague Dawley rats (n = 5) received bilateral focused US treatments. One hemisphere received a single sonication, and the contralateral hemisphere was targeted with 4 overlapping foci. Contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the integrity of the BBB at 0, 6, and 24 hours after focused US.ResultsAt time 0, there was no significant difference in the mean enhancement between the single‐ and multi‐point sonications (mean ± SD, 29.7% ± 18.4% versus 29.7% ± 24.1%; P = .9975). The mean cross‐sectional area of the BBB opening resulting from the multi‐point sonication was approximately 3.5‐fold larger than that of the single‐point case (14.2 ± 4.7 versus 4.1 ± 3.3 mm2; P < .0001). The opened volumes in 9 of 10 hemispheres were closed by 6 hours after focused US. The remaining treatment location had substantially reduced enhancement at 6 hours and was closed by 24 hours. Histologic analysis revealed small morphologic changes associated with this location. T2‐weighted images at 6 and 24 hours showed no signs of edema. T2*‐weighted images obtained at 6 hours also showed no signs hemorrhage in any animal.ConclusionsThe time for the BBB to close after focused US was independent of the opening volume on the time scale investigated. No differences in treatment effects were observable by magnetic resonance imaging follow‐up between larger‐ and smaller‐volume sonications, suggesting that larger‐volume BBB opening can be performed safely.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Directed Ultrasound Imaging of Non‐Mass Enhancement in the Breast: Outcomes and Frequency of Malignancy
Authors: Newburg Adrienne R. , Chhor Chloe M. , Young Lin Leng Leng , Heller Samantha L. , Gillman Jennifer , Toth Hildegard K. , Moy Linda 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThis study was performed to determine the frequency, predictors, and outcomes of ultrasound (US) correlates for non‐mass enhancement.MethodsFrom January 2005 to December 2011, a retrospective review of 5837 consecutive breast magnetic resonance imaging examinations at our institution identified 918 non‐mass enhancing lesions for which follow‐up or biopsy was recommended. Retrospective review of the images identified 879 of 918 lesions (96%) meeting criteria for non‐mass enhancement. Patient demographics, pathologic results, and the presence of an adjacent landmark were recorded. Targeted US examinations were recommended for 331 of 879 cases (38%), and 284 of 331 women (86%) underwent US evaluations.ResultsThe US correlate rate for non‐mass enhancement was 23% (64 of 284). An adjacent landmark was significantly associated with a US correlate (P < .001). Biopsy was recommended for 43 of 64 correlates (67%). Ultrasound‐guided biopsy was performed on 39 of 43 (91%); 7 of 39 (18%) were malignant. No correlate was seen for 220 of 284 lesions (77%). At magnetic resonance imaging–guided biopsy, 14 of 117 (12%) were malignancies. For all biopsied non‐mass enhancements, the malignancy rate was 18% (55 of 308) and was significantly more prevalent in the setting of a known index cancer (P < .001), older age (P < .001), the presence of a landmark (P = .002), and larger lesion size (P = .019).ConclusionsNon‐mass enhancement with an adjacent landmark is more likely to have a US correlate compared to non‐mass enhancement without an adjacent landmark. Non‐mass enhancement in the setting of a known index cancer, older age, a landmark, and larger lesion size is more likely to be malignant. However, no statistical difference was detected in the rate of malignancy between non‐mass enhancement with (18%) or without (12%) a correlate. Absence of a correlate does not obviate the need to biopsy suspicious non‐mass enhancement.
Bioinspired Manganese Complexes and Graphene Oxide Synergistically Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Miao Chengxia , Yan Xingbin , Xu Daqian , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBioinspired manganese complexes of N4ligands and graphene oxide (GO) synergistically catalyze the highly enantioselective epoxidation of olefins (up to 99%ee), which is a rare example with GO as a co‐catalyst in asymmetric catalysis. GO as a new and key additive not only successfully functions in catalytic amounts, but also has a positive effect for improving the enantioselectivity of the asymmetric epoxidation compared with the traditional stoichiometric organic carboxylic acid method [e.g., chalcone, 95%ee(3.5 mg GO)vs. 84%ee(5 equiv., 75 mg acetic acid), ethyl cinnamate, 84%ee(3.5 mg GO)vs. 19%ee(5 equiv., 75 mg acetic acid)]. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of GO before and after the reaction indicate that the intensities of C–O become stronger after the reaction, which may have a certain relationship with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gives a reasonable rationale for the large consumption of H2O2. Also, part of the hydrogen peroxide was used for the oxidation of GO.magnified image
Activation of Dioxygen at a Lewis Acidic Nickel(II) Complex: Characterization of a Metastable Organoperoxide Complex
Authors: Holze Patrick , Corona Teresa , Frank Nicolas , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Herwig Christian , Company Anna , Limberg Christian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn metal‐mediated O2 activation, nickel(II) compounds hardly play a role, but recently it has been shown that enzymes can use nickel(II) for O2 activation. Now a low‐coordinate Lewis acidic nickel(II) complex has been synthesized that reacts with O2 to give a nickel(II) organoperoxide, as proposed for the enzymatic system. Its formation was studied further by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, leading to the observation of a short‐lived intermediate that proved to be reactive in both oxygen atom transfer and hydrogen abstraction reactions, while the peroxide efficiently transfers O atoms. Both for the enzyme and for the functional model, the key to O2 activation is proposed to represent a concomitant electron shift from the substrate/co‐ligand.
Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Amino‐ and Azidocyanation of Alkenes in a Radical Process
Authors: Wang Dinghai , Wang Fei , Chen Pinghong , Lin Zhenyang , Liu Guosheng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAsymmetric copper‐catalyzed intermolecular amino‐ and azidocyanation reactions of alkenes have been developed that proceed via a radical process in which a key benzylic radical intermediate is enantioselectively trapped by a chiral Box/CuII cyanide complex. A variety of enantiomerically enriched β‐amino/azido alkylnitriles were efficiently synthesized. The β‐azido alkylnitriles could be converted into a series of highly valuable optically active amine‐based building blocks and bioactive compounds.
Synthesis of Boron(III)‐Coordinated Subchlorophins and Their Peripheral Modifications
Authors: Yoshida Kota , Cha Wonhee , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA pyrrole‐cleaving modification to transform boron(III) meso‐triphenylsubporphyrin into boron(III) meso‐triphenylsubchlorophin has been developed. Boron(III) subchlorophins thus synthesized show absorption and fluorescence spectra that are roughly similar to those of boron(III) subchlorins, but B‐methoxy boron(III) subchlorophin showed considerably intensified fluorescence and a small Stokes shift. Peripheral modification reactions of B‐phenyl boron(III) subchlorophin such as regioselective nitration with Cu(NO3)2⋅3 H2O, ipso‐substitution reactions of boron(III) α‐nitrosubchlorophin with CsF and CsCl, and Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of boron(III) α‐chlorosubchlorophin with arylacetylenes, have been also explored to tune the optical properties of subchlorophins.
Nickel(0)‐Mediated Transformation of Tetrafluoroethylene and Vinylarenes into Fluorinated Cyclobutyl Compounds
Authors: Ohashi Masato , Ueda Yuta , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the presence of Ni0/PCy3, styrene was found to participate in oxidative cyclization with tetrafluoroethylene, thus leading to the corresponding nickelacycle with a unique η3‐π‐benzyl structure. In addition, the flexibility of the coordination mode in the η3‐benzyl moiety allowed the partially fluorinated nickelacycle to undergo unprecedented amine‐induced α‐fluorine elimination, thus leading to the construction of a fluorinated cyclobutyl skeleton.
Accessing the Intrinsic Nature of Electronic Transitions from Gas‐Phase Spectroscopy of Molecular Ion/Zwitterion Complexes
Authors: Stockett Mark H. , Boesen Mikkel , Houmøller Jørgen , Brøndsted Nielsen Steen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA molecule's color is governed by the nature of its electronic transitions. Herein we show that the degree of charge transfer can be assessed by measuring the change in absorption induced by complexation with the betaine zwitterion. Our approach benefits from direct formation of complexes by electrospray of a mixture solution, followed by photodissociation action spectroscopy. We explored two ion groups: 1) No permanent dipole moment due to even charge delocalization (e.g. MnO4−) and 2) Non‐even charge distribution but where the charge according to resonance forms is either delocalized (e.g. oxyluciferin) or located at one site (e.g. m‐nitrophenolate, mNP). The maximal shift for ions from (1) was <0.05 eV but as large as 0.3 eV and 0.2 eV for mNP and oxyluciferin. Hence our work supports the notion that oxyluciferin undergoes CT, and that the microenvironment can account for large variation in light emission from insects, ranging from green to red (shift of 0.3 eV).
Morphology control of conducting polypyrrole nanostructures via operational conditions in the emulsion polymerization
Authors: Khadem Fatemeh , Pishvaei Malihe , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi , Najafi Farhood 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTPolypyrrole (PPy) nanostructures with diameter smaller than 100 nm were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactants. Hydrochloric acid was used as dopant, and a solution of potassium peroxydisulfate was used as initiator. The influence of polymerization temperature, feeding strategy, and the type of surfactant on the morphology and conductivity of PPy nanostructures were investigated and well‐described. A simple route just via controlling the operational conditions in the emulsion polymerization is reported to obtain nanostructured PPy with desirable morphology and relatively good conductivity. The analysis results demonstrated that the conductivity of samples is highly affected by their morphology whereas PPy nanofibers exhibited higher conductivity respecting the other morphologies (0.66 S/cm). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44697.
Photochromic properties of color‐matching, double‐shelled microcapsules covalently bonded onto cotton fabric and applications to outdoor clothing
Authors: Fan Fei , Wu Yingzhu 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn this research, we aimed to apply color‐matching, double‐shelled microcapsules to deal with outdoor‐clothing sunscreen‐indicator identifications on cotton fabrics with a covalent‐bonding coating method; this method allows one to display both the UV intensity and a warning. The color‐property characteristics of color‐matching‐double‐shelled‐photochromic‐microcapsule–treated patterns on cotton fabrics under various sunshine irradiation intensities are very close to those of inkjet‐printing color‐gradation patterns, which indicate sunshine irradiation intensities. Color‐matching, double‐shelled microcapsules were obtained by the addition of red double‐shelled microcapsules into yellow double‐shelled microcapsules. We increased the weight ratio of the red microcapsules and added blue double‐shelled microcapsules into the red double‐shelled microcapsules when the weight ratio of blue microcapsules was increased. Color‐matching, double‐shelled photochromic microcapsules, whose yellow/red/blue weight ratios were 5.6/0/0, 4.8/0.8/0, 2.4/3.2/0, and 0.8/4.8/0–0/0/5.6, presented distinct color‐property characteristic changes under various irradiation intensities and presented a good color identification; a rather dark, bright color; and good laundering durability of covalent bonding on cotton fabrics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44698.
Polypropylene with high melt flow rate and high isotacticity prepared by phosphate‐mixed external donors
Authors: Zhou Qian , Xu Hao , Wang Ailian , Ma Zhifeng , Li Huayi , Zhang Liaoyun , Hu Youliang 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTHigh melt flow rate (MFR) of polypropylene can improve its processability and its high isotacticity is favor of keeping good mechanical properties of polypropylene. In this study, as a convenient and effective method, the mixture of phosphate and alkoxysilane as mixed external donors for Ziegler‐Natta catalyst is used to improve MFR of polypropylene. The MFR of polypropylenes prepared by mixed external donors is three to five time higher than that prepared by dicyclopentyl dimethoxysilane (Donor‐D) alone, which is attributed to broad molecular weight distribution and low molecular weight of polypropylene prepared by mixed external donors. In addition, isotacticity and lamella thickness of polypropylene prepared by mixed external donors containing triisopropyl phosphate or phenyl‐phosphonic acid dipentyl ester are very close to that prepared by Donor‐D, which lead to keep high thermal properties and good mechanical properties for the polypropylenes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44704.
Cellulose nanofibrils in biobased multilayer films for food packaging
Authors: Vähä‐Nissi Mika , Koivula Hanna M. , Räisänen Heidi M. , Vartiainen Jari , Ragni Pietro , Kenttä Eija , Kaljunen Timo , Malm Tero , Minkkinen Hannu , Harlin Ali 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate a thin, TEMPO‐oxidized (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl–mediated oxidation) cellulose nanofibril (CNF) coating as a barrier layer in multilayer packaging films together with biobased polyethylenes. The purpose was also to explore the possible interactions between food products and the biobased films, and to evaluate the feasibility of these films for packaging of dry foods. CNF provided the biobased multilayer films with an oxygen barrier suitable for both demanding food products and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The MAP pouches made of these multilayer films retained their atmosphere and shape and protected ground hazelnuts from further oxidation for the storage time used in this study. However, irradiation used to sterilize packed foods and aroma compounds from clove in particular impaired the oxygen barrier property of the CNF layer, while the water vapor barrier property of the multilayer films remained unaffected. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44830.
Zirconium Hydroxide‐coated Nanofiber Mats for Nerve Agent Decontamination
Authors: Kim Sohee , Ying Wu Bin , Jung Hyunsook , Ryu Sam Gon , Lee Bumjae , Lee Kyung Jin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDiverse innovative fabrics with specific functionalities have been developed for requirements such as self‐decontamination of chemical/biological pollutants and toxic nerve agents. In this work, Zr(OH)4‐coated nylon‐6,6 nanofiber mats were fabricated for the decontamination of nerve agents. Nylon‐6,6 fabric was prepared via the electrospinning process, followed by coating with Zr(OH)4, which was obtained by the hydrolysis of Zr(OBu)4 by a sol–gel reaction on nanofiber surfaces. The reaction conditions were optimized by varying the amounts of Zr(OBu)4,the reaction time, and the temperature of the sol–gel reaction. The composite nanofibers show high decontamination efficiency against diisopropylfluorophosphate, which is a nerve agent analogue, due to its high nucleophilicity that aids in the catalysis of the hydrolysis of the phosphonate ester bonds. Composite nanofiber mats have a large potential and can be applied in specific fields such as military and medical markets.
Impact of completeness of revascularization in complex coronary artery disease as measured with the SYNTAX revascularization index: An SEEDS Substudy
Authors: Xu Bo , Bettinger Nicolas , Guan Changdong , Redfors Björn , Yang Yuejin , Li Bao , Han Yaling , Su Xi , Yuan Zuyi , Généreux Philippe 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesWe sought to study whether the level of completeness of revascularization as measured by the SYNTAX revascularization index (SRI) independently predicts adverse ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with second‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES).BackgroundThe SRI quantifies the proportion of revascularized myocardium. It has been shown to independently predict adverse ischemic events after PCI with first‐generation DES.MethodsAmong 1,900 patients enrolled in a registry to evaluate safety and effectiveness of everolimus drug‐eluting stent (SEEDS) for coronary revascularization, the SRI was calculated and available for 1,851 patients. The patients were stratified into three groups according to the degree of revascularization (SRI = 100% [complete revascularization], SRI = 50 to <100%, and SRI <50%). Two‐year mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were compared between the groups.ResultsThe SRI ranged from 4–100%, with a mean of 85.4%. Complete revascularization was achieved in 1,190 patients, while the SRI was 50% to <100% in 472 patients and <50% in 189 patients. Two‐year mortality and MACE rates were higher in patients with lower SRI. ROC analysis showed an optimal SRI cutoff of 85% for predicting the 2‐year mortality risk. An SRI ≥85% was associated with a similar risk of death to complete revascularization. The SRI independently predicted 2‐year mortality and MACE.ConclusionsThe SRI predicts mortality and adverse ischemic events in patients with complex CAD who underwent contemporary PCI with second‐generation DES. Revascularizing ≥85% of the CAD burden was associated with a good prognosis and should be considered as a reasonable goal. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.