bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Thrips Tabaci on Cabbage, 1997
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 1 Jul at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. To increase populations of thrips, a 5-ft strip of oats was planted along the length of each side of the experimental area. Plots consisted of one 10-ft row with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A CO2 backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row (one over the top and one drop nozzle on each side) with TXVS-8 hollow cone tips, and delivering 31 gpa at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply applications of each treatment. Javelin WG at 1.0 lb/acre was added to Admire and the check treatments to control Lepidoptera and insure readable plants at harvest. Silwet L-77 spray adjuvant was applied at 0.1% v/v with all foliar treatments. Admire (3 week post-transplant) was applied only on 22 Jul. Admire (5 week post-transplant) was applied only on 5 Aug. Metasystox-R and Warrior treatments were applied only on 14, 20, and 27 Aug. Warrior fortnightly treatments were applied only on 6, 20 Aug, 5, 15, 28 Sep, and 13 Oct. Other treatments were applied on 6, 14, 20, 27 Aug, 5, 15, 22, 28 Sep, 6 and 13 Oct. Harvest evaluations for thrips were done on 20 Oct. Evaluations for thrips damage were done by randomly selecting 2 mature heads per plot, cutting them in half along the core, and peeling back 10 layers. Each layer was assessed for the presence of thrips injury. To compare treatments, we used the average number of layers per two plants in a replicate and then analyzed these averages. Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA.
Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Motor Cortex in Cerebral Palsy: A Study Protocol
Authors: de Almeida Carvalho Duarte Natália , Collange Grecco Luanda André , Delasta Lazzari Roberta , Pasini Neto Hugo , Galli Manuela , Santos Oliveira Claudia 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To assess the best electrode position of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with treadmill training in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy.

Methods:
Thirty children with cerebral palsy were randomly allocated to 3 groups: (1) treadmill training combined with anodal electrode positioned over the primary motor cortex in the region of the dominant hemisphere and the cathode positioned in the supraorbital region contralateral to anode; (2) sham anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex and sham cathode over the contralateral supraorbital region combined with treadmill training; (3) treadmill training combined with the anodal electrode positioned over the primary motor cortex in the region of the injured hemisphere and the cathode positioned contralateral to anode over the primary motor cortex. Evaluations of gait, balance, quality of life, and electromyographic activity were performed.

Discussion:
This is the protocol for an intervention study investigating electrode position to achieve improved function.
Whole genome data reveal the complex history of a diverse ecological community
Authors: Bunnefeld Lynsey , Hearn Jack , Stone Graham , Lohse Konrad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHow widespread ecological communities assemble remains a key question in ecology. Trophic interactions between widespread species may reflect a shared population history, or ecological sorting of local pools of species with very different population histories. Which scenario applies is central to the stability of trophic associations, and the potential for coevolution between species. Here we show how alternative community assembly hypotheses can be discriminated using whole genome data for component species, and provide a novel likelihood framework that overcomes current limitations in formal comparison of multispecies histories. We illustrate our approach by inferring the assembly history of a Western Palaearctic community of insect herbivores and parasitoid natural enemies, trophic groups that together comprise 50% of terrestrial species. We reject models of co-dispersal from a shared origin, and of delayed enemy pursuit of their herbivore hosts, arguing against herbivore attainment of ‘enemy-free space’. The community-wide distribution of species expansion times is also incompatible with a random, neutral model of assembly. Instead, we reveal a complex assembly history of single- and multi-species range expansions through the Pleistocene from different directions and over a range of timescales. Our results suggest substantial turnover in species associations, and argue against tight coevolution in this system. The approach we illustrate is widely applicable to natural communities of non-model species, and makes it possible to reveal the historical backdrop against which selection acts.
Awareness of the Outcome of Self-Initiated Pointing Actions
Authors: Gorea Andrei , Granjon Lionel , Sagi Dov 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAre we aware of the outcome of our actions? The participants pointed rapidly at a screen location marked by a transient visual target (T), with and without seeing their hand, and were asked to estimate (E) their landing location (L) using the same finger but without time constraints. We found that L and E are systematically and idiosyncratically shifted away from their corresponding targets (T, L), suggesting unawareness. Moreover, E was biased away from L, toward T (21% and 37%, with and without visual feedback), in line with a putative Bayesian account of the results, assuming a strong prior in the absence of vision. However, L (the assumed prior) and E (the assumed posterior) precisions were practically identical, arguing against such an account of the results. Instead, the results are well accounted for by a simple model positing that the participants’ E is set to the planned rather than the actual L. When asked to estimate their landing location, participants appeared to reenact their original motor plan.
Trait components of whole plant water use efficiency are defined by unique, environmentally responsive genetic signatures in the model C4grassSetaria
Authors: Feldman Max J. , Ellsworth Patrick Z. , Fahlgren Noah , Gehan Malia A. , Cousins Asaph B. , Baxter Ivan 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTPlant growth and water use are interrelated processes influenced by the genetic control of both plant morphological and biochemical characteristics. Improving plant water use efficiency (WUE) to sustain growth in different environments is an important breeding objective that can improve crop yields and enhance agricultural sustainability. However, genetic improvements of WUE using traditional methods have proven difficult due to low throughput and environmental heterogeneity encountered in field settings. To overcome these limitations the study presented here utilizes a high-throughput phenotyping platform to quantify plant size and water use of an interspecificSetaria italicaxSetaria viridisrecombinant inbred line population at daily intervals in both well-watered and water-limited conditions. Our findings indicate that measurements of plant size and water use in this system are strongly correlated; therefore, a linear modeling approach was used to partition this relationship into predicted values of plant size given water use and deviations from this relationship at the genotype level. The resulting traits describing plant size, water use and WUE were all heritable and responsive to soil water availability, allowing for a genetic dissection of the components of plant WUE under different watering treatments. Linkage mapping identified major loci underlying two different pleiotropic components of WUE. This study indicates that alleles controlling WUE derived from both wild and domesticated accessions of the model C4speciesSetariacan be utilized to predictably modulate trait values given a specified precipitation regime.
H2AFX and MDC1 Protect Genomic Integrity in Male Germ Cells by Promoting Recombination and Activation of the Recombination-Dependent Checkpoint
Authors: Testa Erika , Nardozi Daniela , Antinozzi Cristina , Faieta Monica , Di Cecca Stefano , Caggiano Cinzia , Fukuda Tomoyuki , Bonanno Elena , Zenkun Lou , Maldonado Andros , Roig Ignasi , Di Giacomo Monica , Barchi Marco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn somatic cells,H2afxandMdc1are close functional partners in DNA repair and damage response. However, it is not known whether they are also involved in the maintenance of genome integrity in meiosis. By analyzing chromosome dynamics inH2afx-/-spermatocytes, we found that synapsis of the autosomes and X-Y chromosomes were impaired in a relevant fraction of cells. Such defect correlated with an abnormal recombination profile. Conversely,Mdc1was dispensable for the synapsis of the autosomes, and only played a minor role in X-Y synapsis, relatively toH2afx. This suggested that those genes have non-overlapping functions in chromosome synapsis. However, we observed that both genes play a similar role in the assembly of MLH3 onto chromosomes, a key step in crossover formation. Moreover, we showed thatH2afxandMdc1cooperate in promoting the activation of the recombination-dependent checkpoint, a mechanism that restrains the differentiation of cells with unrepaired DSBs. This occurs by a mechanism that involves P53. Overall, our data showed that, in male germ cells,H2afxandMdc1promote the maintenance of genome integrity.
Is it cost‐effective to provide internet‐based interventions to complement the current provision of smoking cessation services in the Netherlands? An analysis based on the EQUIPTMOD
Authors: Cheung Kei‐Long , Wijnen Ben F. M. , Hiligsmann Mickaël , Coyle Kathryn , Coyle Doug , Pokhrel Subhash , de Vries Hein , Präger Maximilian , Evers Silvia M. A. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and aimThe cost‐effectiveness of internet‐based smoking cessation interventions is difficult to determine when they are provided as a complement to current smoking cessation services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of such an alternate package compared with existing smoking cessation services alone (current package).MethodsA literature search was conducted to identify internet‐based smoking cessation interventions in the Netherlands. A meta‐analysis was then performed to determine the pooled effectiveness of a (web‐based) computer‐tailored intervention. The mean cost of implementing internet based interventions was calculated using available information, while intervention reach was sourced from an English study. We used EQUIPTMOD, a Markov‐based state‐transition model, to calculate the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios [expressed as cost per quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained] for different time horizons to assess the value of providing internet‐based interventions to complement the current package.). Deterministic sensitivity analyses tested the uncertainty around intervention costs per smoker, relative risks, and the intervention reach.ResultsInternet‐based interventions had an estimated pooled relative risk of 1.40; average costs per smoker of €2.71; and a reach of 0.41% of all smokers. The alternate package (i.e. provision of internet‐based intervention to the current package) was dominant (cost‐saving) compared with the current package alone (0.14 QALY gained per 1000 smokers; reduced health‐care costs of €602.91 per 1000 smokers for the life‐time horizon). The alternate package remained dominant in all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionProviding internet‐based smoking cessation interventions to complement the current provision of smoking cessation services could be a cost‐saving policy option in the Netherlands.
PRESUMPTIVE 1/29 AUTOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION IN AUSTRALIAN CATTLE
Authors: POTTER W. L. , UPTON P. C. , BLACKSHAW A. W. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYA cytogenetical study was made of 9 descendants of a Charolais bull, heterozygous for a presumptive 1/29 translocation, three of the dams of some of these descendants, and three unrelated bulls which were mated to some of the descendants. Photographic karyotypes of Giemsa stained and C‐banded chromosomes were prepared for each animal.The dams of the progeny showed no chromosomal abnormalities indicating that translocations were inherited from the sire. Three daughters of the Charolais bull and two of his grand daughters were heterozygous for the translocation, with a modal chromosomal number of 59, while the remaining three daughters and their progeny possessed normal karyotypes.No phenotypic abnormalities were observed in the animals examined. Measurements of the arms of the chromosomes suggested that the translocation chromosome (a large submetacentric) contained chromosomes 1 and 29. The submetacentric translocation chromosome had a single C‐band, the two submetacentric X chromosomes showed no C‐bands and each acrocentric autosome had a single C‐band.All cattle heterozygous for the translocation showed normal fertility.
CHANGES IN PHYSICAL CONDITION AND EJACULATE CHARACTERISTICS IN PADDOCK‐MATED RAMS
Authors: SIMPSON H. , EDEY T. N. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYEight Merino rams were joined for 8 weeks to 400 Merino ewes in a 31 ha paddock during April–June. Six of the rams were monitored for body weight, body condition, testicular volume and semen characteristics before, during and after the joining period. The day before joining, at 2‐weekly intervals through joining, and 2 weeks after the end of the joining period 6 collections were made from each ram using an artificial vagina. The semen was evaluated for volume, density, wave motion and morphology.Body weight and condition and testicular volume of the rams increased prior to joining. Body weight and condition decreased markedly until the sixth week of the mating period, after which there was some recovery. Testicular volume, on the other hand, declined steadily through the mating period and showed no recovery during the post‐mating period. Amongst the semen characteristics, ejaculate volume, wave motion score, sperm density and percentage of live sperm all fell significantly during the first 2 weeks of mating but there was a steady recovery through the remainder of the mating period and in the 2 weeks after ram removal. The percentage of abnormal sperm increased significantly throughout the joining period but showed a slight decline in the post‐mating period.The results emphasise the extent of the decline in ejaculate characters, and to a lesser extent, in physical characters which can occur during the first cycle of joining in paddock‐mated rams.
Diabetes and chronic kidney disease: an increasingly common multi‐morbid disease in need of a paradigm shift in care
Authors: Winocour P. H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiabetes is considered the commonest cause of end‐stage renal disease. The increasing incidence of obesity and an ageing population, together, will lead to a greater number of people with diabetes associated with chronic kidney disease that could either be secondary to diabetic nephropathy or of different aetiology. Ageing and obesity influence approaches to the management of diabetes and accurate assessment of kidney disease. People with diabetes and chronic kidney disease consume a disproportionate component of expenditure on medical care. Guidelines on managing diabetes and kidney disease do not recognize the complex multi‐morbid nature of the process. In addition to managing glycaemia and monitoring renal function, the assessment and management of cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease itself need to be factored into care. People with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy are more vulnerable to retinopathy and foot complications requiring coordinated care. People with diabetes and chronic kidney disease are more prone to anaemia and metabolic bone disease than those without diabetes at similar stages of chronic kidney disease, further increasing their vulnerability to acute complications from cardiovascular disease, foot emergencies and fractures. People with diabetes and chronic kidney disease are also more prone to hospitalization with infections and acute kidney injury. Given the 30–40% prevalence of kidney disease amongst people with diabetes, potentially >2% of the adult population would fit into this category, making it vital that new surveillance models of supported care are provided for those living with diabetes and kidney disease and for primary care teams who manage the vast majority of such people.
European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) clinical practice recommendations for the management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: evaluation of their application in people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sberna A. L. , Bouillet B. , Rouland A. , Brindisi M. C. , Nguyen A. , Mouillot T. , Duvillard L. , Denimal D. , Loffroy R. , Vergès B. , Hillon P. , Petit J. M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the application of the recently proposed recommendations by the European Association for the Study of the Liver, European Association for the Study of Diabetes and European Association for the Study of Obesity for the diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 179 people with Type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Liver fat content (assessed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy), fatty liver index score, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, and SteatoTest and FibroTest scores were determined.ResultsAccording to proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 68.7% of participants had steatosis (liver fat content >5.5%). The application of the guidelines using several combinations (fatty liver index + non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis scores, Steatotest + FibroTest scores, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy + non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy + FibroTest) resulted in a referral to a liver clinic for 33.5–84.9% people with Type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsThe application of these new algorithms for the diagnosis, and follow‐up of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease would lead to an excessive number of people with Type 2 diabetes being referred to a liver clinic. We suggest that new clinical and/or biological biomarkers of steatosis and fibrosis be specifically validated in people with Type 2 diabetes.
Psychosocial impacts of hybrid closed‐loop systems in the management of diabetes: a review
Authors: Farrington C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere is a pressing need for new treatment regimens that enable improved glycaemic control and reduced diabetes self‐management burdens. Closed‐loop, or artificial pancreas, systems represent one of the most promising avenues in this regard. Closed‐loop systems connect wearable continuous glucose monitor (CGM) sensors to smartphone‐ or tablet‐mounted algorithms that process and model CGM data to deliver precise and frequently updated doses of fast‐acting insulin (and glucagon in dual‐hormone systems) to users via wearable pumps. Recent studies have demonstrated that closed‐loop systems offer significant benefit in terms of improved glycaemic control. However, less attention has been paid to the psychosocial impact on users of closed‐loop systems. This article reviews recent research on psychosocial aspects of closed‐loop usage in light of preceding research on user experience of currently available technologies such as insulin pumps and CGM sensors. The small, but growing body of research in this field reports generally positive user experience and a number of experienced benefits including: reassurance and reduced anxiety, improved sleep and confidence, and ‘time off’ from diabetes demands. However, these benefits are counterbalanced by important challenges, ranging from variable levels of trust to concerns about physical bulk, technical glitches and difficulties incorporating closed‐loop systems into everyday life. Future research should explore psychosocial aspects of closed‐loop usage in more diverse groups and with regard to clinicians, as well as users, to ensure that the clinical benefits of closed‐loop systems are realized at scale in routine medical care.
Best friend or spy: a qualitative meta‐synthesis on the impact of continuous glucose monitoring on life with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Messer L. H. , Johnson R. , Driscoll K. A. , Jones J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsThis is a meta‐synthesis of extant qualitative literature related to impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). CGM has been available for a decade for the management of Type 1 diabetes and is the lynchpin of future artificial pancreas technologies. Clinical uptake of CGM is an important area of inquiry. The purpose of this meta‐synthesis is to understand the impact of CGM on individuals with Type 1 diabetes and others (parents, significant others, providers) in order to design appropriate clinical interventions for adherence.MethodsStudies published in English between 2007 and 2017 were included, reflecting commercial CGM availability. PubMed, PsychINFO, CINALH, Web of Science and EMBASE databases were queried using search terms related to CGM, qualitative, experience and Type 1 diabetes. Included articles contained original qualitative or mixed‐method research on CGM, sensor‐augmented pump or closed‐loop therapies. Articles underwent quality appraisal and thematic interpretive integration by a multidisciplinary team.ResultsNine articles (343 participants) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. Six novel themes emerged: interacting with CGM, burden of living with CGM, feeling different from others, feeling empowered, interacting with glucose information and impact on relationships.ConclusionCGM affects physical, emotional and relational aspects of life. Clinicians can help minimize the burden of CGM with carefully delivered education and expectation‐setting with individuals. Empowerment and relational partnerships in diabetes care can be explored to maximize satisfaction with CGM. Systematic interpretive synthesis of qualitative studies provides a comprehensive, contextual understanding of the impact of CGM on daily life and relationships.
Maternal group participation and child nutritional status in Peru
Authors: Favara Marta 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUsing data from the Peruvian sample of the Young Lives study, this paper investigates the association between maternal group participation and child nutritional status at the ages of 1 and 5 years. This study finds that the relationship between child nutrition and maternal group participation depends on the level of maternal education. In fact, maternal group participation is positively associated with child height‐for‐age when children were 1 year old, for those children whose mothers had had no formal education. This same association fades at 5 years of age. Maternal group participation may affect child nutrition through a number of mechanisms. This paper provides suggestive evidence on the positive role that this participation might play in promoting better breastfeeding practice and a more secure mother–child bond and in easing mothers’ access to additional resources and support.