bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discourse markers and lecture structure: their role in listening Comprehension and EMI lecturer training
Authors: Martín del Pozo María Ángeles 
Published: January 2017

Author/s
María Ángeles Martín del PozoUniversidad de Valladolid, Spain

ABSTRACT
Listening comprehension of lectures in L2 contexts is a widely researched topic. Findings have been applied to both materials and course design. This paper focuses on findings about the facilitative role in comprehension of those discourse markers (DM) which signal lecture structure. These markers can also be of assistance in L2 contexts such as new English Medium Instruction (EMI) scenarios, where the lecturer is not a native speaker of English. A small-scale investigation about the presence of these markers in EMI lecturer discourse is presented. Findings indicate that lecturers need a more overt signalling of lecture phases and a wider stylistic variety enabling them to do so. The paper concludes by suggesting that EAP materials for training students in listening comprehension could be a good resource to provide the lecturer with a repertoire of linguistic tools to structure their lecturers and in consequence facilitate comprehension for students.
Multimodal digital tools and EFL audio-visual comprehension: Students’ attitudes towards vodcasts
Authors: Norte Fernández-Pacheco Natalia 
Published: January 2017

Author/s
Natalia Norte Fernández-PachecoCESA Alicante, Spain

ABSTRACT
The emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has helped in the development and application of new language teaching materials that promote a multimodal approach (Jewitt, 2009, 2013; Kress and Leeuwen, 2001). Multimodal digital tools, such as vodcasts, bring together diverse modes of communication, which may enhance students’ foreign language audio-visual comprehension. This paper discusses a study on the attitudes of 40 Spanish students at a B2 level, aged between 14 and 19, towards the use of vodcasts, in comparison with audio tracks. Questionnaires were employed to gather data on student attitudes towards two British Council vodcasts. The results showed positive attitudes towards the use of multimodal digital tools (e.g., vodcasts) rather than traditional listening activities (e.g., audio tracks). We suggest these findings point to the potential of vodcasts not only as influential multimodal tools to improve EFL students’ audio-visual comprehension but also to increase students’ enjoyment and engagement when learning English as a foreign language.
A Multimodal Analysis of Picture Books for Children: A Systemic Functional Approach
Authors: Litzler Mary Frances 
Published: January 2017

Reviewed by Mary Frances LitzlerUniversidad de Alcalá, Spain

This book is a study of nine picture books for children ranging in age from 0 to 9 years old. The conceptual framework follows Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar (2004) (henceforth, SFG) and Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Social Semiotics (2006) (henceforth, VSS). The main objective is to “identify the verbal and visual strategies used by writers and illustrators… to convey a representation of reality, to create interaction with child-readers and to form coherent wholes of communication” (257).
Inhabiting a World of Numerical Things
Authors: Voegelin Salomé 
Published: January 2017

This essay recounts a visit to Ryoji Ikeda’s inaugural exhibition at the HeK (Haus der elektronischen Künste) in Basel, Switzerland in November 2014. It aims to bring an inhabited sensibility to works made from information processes whose code is at once their material texture and conceptual legitimacy. Through the particularity of her recounting, the author critically engages with her experience of the works as environment in relation to Ikeda’s own ideas of a mathematical sublime put into contrast with Immanuel Kant’s notion of the sublime; and consider the mathematical purity Ikeda’s work pursues in relation to Quentin Meillassoux’s notion of a mind-independent world. Most particularly, the author engages in the relationship between the visualisation of data and its sonic composition, and recognises their connection as a central tension of the work into which she places Étienne Balibar’s portmanteau term “égaliberté,” the impossible reciprocity between equality and freedom.
Christian Calon’s Continental Divide: Chronography of a Continent
Authors: Harrod Ariel 
Published: January 2017

Christian Calon’s film-installationContinental Divide(2013) asks the question “What is the time of a very large space?”. This paper questions the work itself to see how it tries to answer this question. By putting into resonance Calon’s discourse regarding his work, a description of the materials comprising the work and a descriptive restitution of my own experience of the work, it explores how 1) a singular composing of sound and image, 2) a specific mode of diffusion, and 3) their encounter with a listening subject can render possible the audiovisual experience of “the time of a very large space.”
Observed warming trend in sea surface temperature at tropical cyclone genesis
Authors: Defforge Cécile L. , Merlis Timothy M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) activity is influenced by environmental factors, and it is expected to respond to anthropogenic climate change. However, there is observational uncertainty in historical changes in TC activity, and attributing observed TC changes to anthropogenic forcing is challenging in the presence of internal climate variability. The sea surface temperature (SST) is a well‐observed environmental factor that affects TC intensity and rainfall. Here we show that the SST at the time of TC genesis has a significant warming trend over the three decades of the satellite era. Though TCs are extreme events, the warming trend at TC genesis is comparable to the trend in SST during other tropical deep convection events and the trend in SST in the TC main development regions throughout the TC season. This newly documented, observed signature of climate change on TC activity is also present in high‐resolution global atmospheric model simulations that explicitly simulate TCs.
Volumetric components in the earthquake source related to fluid injection and stress state
Authors: Martínez‐Garzón Patricia , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Bohnhoff Marco , Dresen Georg 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe investigate source processes of fluid‐induced seismicity from The Geysers geothermal reservoir in California to determine their relation with hydraulic operations and improve the corresponding seismic hazard estimates. Analysis of 869 well‐constrained full moment tensors (Mw 0.8–3.5) reveals significant non‐double‐couple components (>25%) for about 65% of the events. Volumetric deformation is governed by cumulative injection rates with larger non‐double‐couple components observed near the wells and during high injection periods. Source mechanisms are magnitude dependent and vary significantly between faulting regimes. Normal faulting events (Mw < 2) reveal substantial volumetric components indicating dilatancy in contrast to strike‐slip events that have a dominant double‐couple source. Volumetric components indicating closure of cracks in the source region are mostly found for reverse faulting events with Mw > 2.5. Our results imply that source processes and magnitudes of fluid‐induced seismic events are strongly affected by the hydraulic operations, the reservoir stress state, and the faulting regime.
Predictable and unpredictable ionospheric disturbances during St. Patrick's Day magnetic storms of 2013 and 2015 and on 8–9 March 2008
Authors: Dmitriev A. V. , Suvorova A. V. , Klimenko M. V. , Klimenko V. V. , Ratovsky K. G. , Rakhmatulin R. A. , Parkhomov V. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present a comparative analysis of first principles Global Self‐consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) in prediction of ionospheric disturbances during three geomagnetic storms: from moderate on 8–9 March 2008 and on 17–18 March 2013 to strong one on 17–18 March 2015, so‐called St. Patrick's Day storms. We have found that in general, the GSM TIP model gave reasonable prediction of both positive and negative ionospheric storms. Most difficulties have been found for the St. Patrick's Day storms. Namely, a strong positive storm at low latitudes above the Pacific and in the South Atlantic Anomaly region on the main and recovery phases could not be predicted by the model. The positive storm could be explained by ionization effect of energetic electron enhancements. Dynamics of negative ionospheric storms at middle latitudes was predicted by the GSM TIP model quite well though the amplitude of storms was underestimated. The latter could result from underestimation of the N2 contribution especially under unusual conditions of anomalous expansion of auroral precipitations to middle latitudes during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm.
How is the Jovian main auroral emission affected by the solar wind?
Authors: Chané E. , Saur J. , Keppens R. , Poedts S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe influence of the solar wind on Jupiter's magnetosphere is studied via three‐dimensional global MHD simulations. We especially examine how solar wind density variations affect the main auroral emission. Our simulations show that a density increase in the solar wind has strong effects on the Jovian magnetosphere: the size of the magnetosphere decreases, the field lines are compressed on the dayside and elongated on the nightside (this effect can be seen even deep inside the magnetosphere), and dawn‐dusk asymmetries are enhanced. Our results also show that the main oval becomes brighter when the solar wind is denser. But the precise response of the main oval to such a density enhancement in the solar wind depends on the local time: on the nightside the main oval becomes brighter, while on the dayside it first turns slightly darker for a few hours and then also becomes brighter. Once the density increase in the solar wind reaches the magnetosphere, the magnetopause moves inward, and in less than 5 h, a new approximate equilibrium position is obtained. But the magnetosphere as a whole needs much longer to adapt to the new solar wind conditions. For instance, the total electrical current closing in the ionosphere slowly increases during the simulation and it takes about 60 h to reach a new equilibrium. By then the currents have increased by as much as 45%.
Deep convective cloud characterizations from both broadband imager and hyperspectral infrared sounder measurements
Authors: Ai Yufei , Li Jun , Shi Wenjing , Schmit Timothy J. , Cao Changyong , Li Wanbiao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDeep convective storms have contributed to airplane accidents, making them a threat to aviation safety. The most common method to identify deep convective clouds (DCCs) is using the brightness temperature difference (BTD) between the atmospheric infrared (IR) window band and the water vapor (WV) absorption band. The effectiveness of the BTD method for DCC detection is highly related to the spectral resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the WV band. In order to understand the sensitivity of BTD to spectral resolution and SNR for DCC detection, a BTD to noise ratio method using the difference between the WV and IR window radiances is developed to assess the uncertainty of DCC identification for different instruments. We examined the case of AirAsia Flight QZ8501. The brightness temperatures (Tbs) over DCCs from this case are simulated for BTD sensitivity studies by a fast forward radiative transfer model with an opaque cloud assumption for both broadband imager (e.g., Multifunction Transport Satellite imager, MTSAT‐2 imager) and hyperspectral IR sounder (e.g., Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) instruments; we also examined the relationship between the simulated Tb and the cloud top height. Results show that despite the coarser spatial resolution, BTDs measured by a hyperspectral IR sounder are much more sensitive to high cloud tops than broadband BTDs. As demonstrated in this study, a hyperspectral IR sounder can identify DCCs with better accuracy.
The power of vertical geolocation of atmospheric profiles from GNSS radio occultation
Authors: Scherllin‐Pirscher Barbara , Steiner Andrea K. , Kirchengast Gottfried , Schwärz Marc , Leroy Stephen S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHigh‐resolution measurements from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) provide atmospheric profiles with independent information on altitude and pressure. This unique property is of crucial advantage when analyzing atmospheric characteristics that require joint knowledge of altitude and pressure or other thermodynamic atmospheric variables. Here we introduce and demonstrate the utility of this independent information from RO and discuss the computation, uncertainty, and use of RO atmospheric profiles on isohypsic coordinates—mean sea level altitude and geopotential height—as well as on thermodynamic coordinates (pressure and potential temperature). Using geopotential height as vertical grid, we give information on errors of RO‐derived temperature, pressure, and potential temperature profiles and provide an empirical error model which accounts for seasonal and latitudinal variations. The observational uncertainty of individual temperature/pressure/potential temperature profiles is about 0.7 K/0.15%/1.4 K in the tropopause region. It gradually increases into the stratosphere and decreases toward the lower troposphere. This decrease is due to the increasing influence of background information. The total climatological error of mean atmospheric fields is, in general, dominated by the systematic error component. We use sampling error‐corrected climatological fields to demonstrate the power of having different and accurate vertical coordinates available. As examples we analyze characteristics of the location of the tropopause for geopotential height, pressure, and potential temperature coordinates as well as seasonal variations of the midlatitude jet stream core. This highlights the broad applicability of RO and the utility of its versatile vertical geolocation for investigating the vertical structure of the troposphere and stratosphere.
A 1‐D variational retrieval of temperature, humidity, and liquid cloud properties: Performance under idealized and real conditions
Authors: Ebell K. , Löhnert U. , Päschke E. , Orlandi E. , Schween J. H. , Crewell S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn extended version of the Integrated Profiling Technique (IPT) is presented. The IPT combines measurements from cloud radar and microwave radiometer (MWR) with prior information in a 1D‐Var approach in order to retrieve physically consistent atmospheric profiles of temperature, absolute humidity, liquid water content (LWC), and recently also cloud droplet effective radius (REF). Physical consistency implies the reproducibility of the measurements within the uncertainties. Results based on synthetic observations revealed a good retrieval performance with a high convergence rate of 98%. Retrieval uncertainties are typically around 0.06 g m−3 for LWC and 0.6 μm for REF. For the application to real measurements, quality‐controlled, bias‐free observations are crucial. A newly developed MWR spectral consistency check, which was applied to the measurements at the Jülich Observatory for Cloud Evolution (JOYCE), revealed strongly bias‐affected channels. The IPT itself can serve as a further quality check: particularly in clear‐sky cases, nonconvergence or physically inconsistent solutions may hint at measurement offset errors. Based on sensitivity studies, the final set of MWR frequencies was identified and the retrieval applied to 1 year of data. Physically consistent solutions could be found in 62% of all processed cases. A focus was put on the analysis of nondrizzling single‐layer water clouds which typically have small geometrical thicknesses (<300 m), low liquid water paths (<50 g m−2), and small REF (<5 μm). The retrieved data product contains a high potential for the analysis of warm cloud characteristics and, in combination with auxiliary information from the JOYCE instrumentation, of associated boundary layer processes.
Biocatalysis with Unnatural Amino Acids: Enzymology Meets Xenobiology
Authors: Agostini Federica , Völler Jan‐Stefan , Koksch Beate , Acevedo‐Rocha Carlos G. , Kubyshkin Vladimir , Budisa Nediljko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe goal of xenobiology is to design biological systems endowed with unusual biochemical functions, whereas enzymology concerns the study of enzymes, the workhorses of biocatalysis. Biocatalysis employs enzymes and organisms to perform useful biotransformations in synthetic chemistry and biotechnology. During the past few years, the effects of incorporating noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into enzymes with potential applications in biocatalysis have been increasingly investigated. In this Review, we provide an overview of the effects of new chemical functionalities that have been introduced into proteins to improve various facets of enzymatic catalysis. We also discuss future research avenues that will complement unnatural mutagenesis with standard protein engineering to produce novel and versatile biocatalysts with applications in synthetic organic chemistry and biotechnology.
Acquired hemophilia A in a patient treated by Ginkgo‐dipyridamolum
Authors: Liu Jinbo , Wang Hongyu , Shang Guangyun , Wang Lichun , Zhao Hongwei , Liu Huan 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageAcquired hemophilia A might be caused by Ginkgo‐dipyridamolum especially by Ginkgo, and it was successfully treated with hemostasis and immune‐suppression therapy including methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide.
The role of diode array ultraviolet detection for the identification of synthetic cathinones
Authors: Rowe Walter F. , Marginean Ioan , Carnes Stephanie , Lurie Ira S. 
Published: January 2017

The utility of diode array ultraviolet (UV) detection for aiding in the identification of synthetic cathinones, including different sub‐classes and positional isomers is presented. For 35 synthetic cathinones, unique UV spectra are obtained for seven sub‐classes, including mostly beta ketones, where position and type of substitution on benzene rings give rise to differences in UV maxima and relative intensity of the spectral bands. This aspect is key to distinguishing positional isomers that contain differences in R substitution (mono and di) around the benzene ring, which provides complementary information to electron ionization mass spectrometry, where the latter technique cannot distinguish between these types of positional isomers. In addition, it is possible to ascertain the substitution position based on the UV spectra. For ten sets of positional isomers, it was possible to distinguish most of the positional isomers within a set. For ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) versus reversed phase ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), there was at least a 10 nm blue shift in UV maximum (shift to shorter wavelengths). This highlights the importance of taking in account the effect of mobile phase on the UV maximum when performing method development in UHPSFC. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth‐form and spatiality driving the functional difference of native and alien aquatic plants in Europe
Authors: Lukács Balázs A. , Vojtkó Anna E. , Mesterházy Attila , Molnár V Attila , Süveges Kristóf , Végvári Zsolt , Brusa Guido , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTrait‐based approaches are widely used in community ecology and invasion biology to unravel underlying mechanisms of vegetation dynamics. Although fundamental trade‐offs between specific traits and invasibility are well described among terrestrial plants, little is known about their role and function in aquatic plant species. In this study, we examine the functional differences of aquatic alien and native plants stating that alien and native species differ in selected leaf traits. Our investigation is based on 60 taxa (21 alien and 39 native) collected from 22 freshwater units of Hungarian and Italian lowlands and highlands. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the effects of nativeness on four fundamental traits (leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen content), while the influence of growth‐form, altitude, and site were employed simultaneously. We found significantly higher values of leaf areas and significantly lower values of specific leaf areas for alien species if growth‐form was included in the model as an additional predictor.We showed that the trait‐based approach of autochthony can apply to aquatic environments similar to terrestrial ones, and leaf traits have relevance in explaining aquatic plant ecology whether traits are combined with growth‐forms as a fixed factor. Our results confirm the importance of traits related to competitive ability in the process of aquatic plant invasions. Alien aquatic plants can be characterized as species producing soft leaves faster. We argue that the functional traits of alien aquatic plants are strongly growth‐form dependent. Using the trait‐based approach, we found reliable characteristics of aquatic plants related to species invasions, which might be used, for example, in conservation management.
Evaluation of a standardized ward round in a prenatal inpatient setting
Authors: Christensen Katie , Janssens Sarah , Beckmann Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of incorporating a standardized ward round (SWR) tool including checklists for communication, safety, and efficiency into ward rounds.MethodsA prospective non‐randomized, before‐and‐after observational study was conducted at a tertiary maternity hospital in Brisbane, Australia, between October 1, 2014, and October 1, 2015. Obstetric team members performing prenatal ward rounds used role‐specific lanyards prompting the structure of each consultation. Rounds were audited before and after the introduction of the SWR for safety checks, hand hygiene, the duration of patient encounters, and plan congruity. Patients completed a paper‐based satisfaction survey. Results from before and after the introduction of the SWR were compared.ResultsThere were 71 conventional ward rounds and 79 SWRs audited, and no difference was found in the mean duration of patient encounters (P=0.566). SWRs were associated with increased rates of each of the five safety checks being performed and of hand hygiene being observed correctly (all P<0.001). SWR was also associated with a greater proportion of patients indicating that they understood their plan of care.ConclusionThe use of a structured tool for ward rounds improved communication with patients, increased the frequency of safety checks being performed, and improved hand hygiene without prolonging ward rounds.