bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 5‐(4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzonitrile derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Ting‐jian , Li Song‐ye , Zhang Yi , Wu Qing‐xia , Meng Fan‐hao 
Published: September 2017

A series of 5‐(4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzonitrile derivatives (1a–p) was designed, synthesized, and identified as xanthine oxidase inhibitors with micromolar level potencies. Among them, the most promising compounds 1j and 1k were obtained with IC50 values of 8.1 and 6.7 μm, respectively. The Lineweaver–Burk plot revealed that compound 1k acted as a mixed‐type xanthine oxidase inhibitor. SAR analysis revealed that a carbon atom occupying the X3 position is not as effective as a nitrogen atom, and an iso‐pentyloxy or a cyclopentyloxy at the 2‐position of benzonitrile moiety will benefit the inhibitory potency. The basis of xanthine oxidase inhibition by 1k was rationalized by molecular modeling studies.
Predictors of visual outcome and the role of early vitrectomy in streptococcal endophthalmitis
Authors: Kurniawan Emil D , Rocke John R , Sandhu Sukhpal S , Allen Penelope J 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImportanceStreptococcal endophthalmitis has devastating sequelae. This study aims to identify factors which may be targeted to optimize patient outcomes.BackgroundThis study investigated characteristics influencing visual outcomes and the role of early vitrectomy.DesignRetrospective observational case series of consecutive patients was conducted.ParticipantsAll patients with a culture‐positive diagnosis of streptococcal endophthalmitis treated at a tertiary ophthalmology referral centre between July 1997 and February 2012 were included.MethodsPatient records were reviewed and data collected on their presentation, examination, microbiology results, procedures and final outcome.Main Outcome MeasuresVisual acuity (VA) and enucleation/evisceration were measured.ResultsOf the 101 patients, 35.6% presented with a VA of hand movements and 42.6% with light perception (LP). Final VA was poor (6/60 or worse) in 77.6% and 24.7% were enucleated/eviscerated. Presenting VA of LP or worse (P = 0.008), no view of fundus (P = 0.001), large number of organisms (P < 0.001), recognition of Streptococcus on Gram stain (P = 0.010), heavy growth on culture (P < 0.001) and more intravitreal injections (P = 0.038) were significantly associated with poor visual outcome (6/60 or worse). Presenting VA of LP or worse (P = 0.042) and non‐viridans Streptococcus species (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with enucleation/evisceration. Fifteen patients (14.9%) had early vitrectomy within 48 h which was not associated with poor final VA or removal of the eye (P = 1.000).Conclusions and RelevanceEarly vitrectomy did not influence visual outcome in this cohort. Microbiology results were useful in predicting poor outcomes, and may allow clinicians to make early treatment decisions and provide prognostic information for patients.
Fibroblast growth factor 22 is a novel modulator of depression through interleukin‐1β
Authors: Xu Yu‐Hao , Yu Ming , Wei Hong , Yao Shun , Chen Si‐Yuan , Zhu Xiao‐Lan , Li Yue‐Feng 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackground and AimsEmerging evidence shows that fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) plays a critical role in the etiology of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms of FGF22 are not fully comprehended. Here, the effect of FGF22 in depression and its relationship with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were investigated in clinical, animal, and cell experiments.MethodsSerum from depressive patients was collected, and the levels of FGF22 and IL‐1β were analyzed by ELISA. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was established, and primary hippocampal neuronal cells were cultured to examine changes in FGF22 and IL‐1β levels in rat hippocampus.ResultsThe results revealed a negative correlation between serum FGF22 levels and serum IL‐1β levels. The expression of IL‐1β in the CUMS rat hippocampus decreased, and the apoptosis of hippocampal cells improved after the injection of lentiviral vector‐mediated FGF22 (LV‐FGF22). Further tests in primary hippocampal neuronal cells also showed a reduction in IL‐1β and the cell apoptosis rate after treatment with FGF22.ConclusionIn conclusion, the results revealed that FGF22 plays a role in alleviating depression, which may be mediated by reduced expression of IL‐1β.
Venous anastomosis using a non‐penetrating vascular closure system in orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Wang Yuan , Xin Zhao , Pan Bing , Lv Shao‐cheng , Zhang Xing‐mao , Zhang Zhi‐hua , Li Li‐xin , Li Xian‐liang , He Qiang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundA non‐penetrating vessel closure system (VCS‐AnastoClip®) may facilitate vascular anastomosis. The purpose of this study is to explore the utilization of a non‐penetrating VCS in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).MethodsFrom January 2015 to February 2017, patients who underwent OLT were divided into two groups, ie, those who underwent non‐penetrating VCS application for inferior vena cava (IVC) and portal vein (PV) reconstructions and those who underwent hand sewing for these purposes. Clinical data, venous anastomotic times, anhepatic phases, and the recovery of liver function were compared between the groups.ResultsOne hundred and fifteen patients underwent OLT (63 in the VCS group and 52 in the suture group). No differences between the two groups were observed in the baseline characteristics. The venous anastomotic time and anhepatic phase in the VCS group were significantly shorter than those in the suture group (P < .01). The alanine transaminase and total bilirubin levels in the VCS group were comparable to those in the suture group (P = .39 and P = .06, respectively). The complication, mortality, and patency rates of the PV reconstructions did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsIn OLT, the reconstruction of the PV and IVC with a non‐penetrating VCS system is a safe alternative method that has the advantage of shortening the anastomotic time and the anhepatic phase compared to the results of conventional hand suturing. However, the use of this VCS system had no influence on the recovery of graft function.
Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pooled analysis of safety data from phase IIb/III clinical trials
Authors: Jabbour Serge , Seufert Jochen , Scheen Andre , Bailey Clifford J. , Karup Cathrina , Langkilde Anna M. 
Published: September 2017

AimTo evaluate the safety and tolerability of dapagliflozin, a highly selective sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsData were pooled from 13 placebo‐controlled trials of up to 24 weeks’ duration (dapagliflozin, n = 2360; placebo, n = 2295). Larger placebo‐/comparator‐controlled pools of 21 (≤208 weeks; dapagliflozin, n = 5936; control, n = 3403) and 30 trials (≥12 weeks; dapagliflozin, n = 9195; control, n = 4629) assessed the rare adverse events (AEs) of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and lower limb amputation, respectively.ResultsOver 24 weeks, the overall incidence of AEs and serious AEs (SAEs) was similar for dapagliflozin and placebo: 60.0% vs 55.7% and 5.1% vs 5.4%, respectively. Rates of hypoglycaemia, volume depletion AEs, urinary tract infections (UTIs) and fractures were balanced between the groups. Genital infections were more frequent with dapagliflozin (5.5%) vs placebo (0.6%) and renal function AEs occurred in 3.2% vs 1.8% of patients (the most common renal AE was decreased creatinine clearance: 1.1% vs 0.7%). In the 21‐study pool, 1 SAE of DKA and 3 AEs of ketonuria/metabolic acidosis occurred with dapagliflozin vs none with control; estimated combined incidence for these events was 0.03% (95% confidence interval 0.010‐0.089). In the 30‐study pool, lower limb amputation occurred in 8 (0.1%) and 7 (0.2%) patients receiving dapagliflozin and control, respectively.ConclusionThe overall incidence rates of AEs and SAEs were similar in the dapagliflozin and placebo/control groups, including the incidence of hypoglycaemia, volume depletion, fractures, UTIs, amputations and DKA. Genital infections were more frequent with dapagliflozin than placebo.
Brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma who are Ineligible for autologous stem cell transplant: A Germany and United Kingdom retrospective study
Authors: Bröckelmann Paul J. , Zagadailov Erin A. , Corman Shelby L. , Chirikov Viktor , Johnson Courtney , Macahilig Cynthia , Seal Brian , Dalal Mehul R. , Illidge Tim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveBrentuximab vedotin (BV) is an anti‐CD30 antibody‐drug conjugate licensed for the treatment of relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (rrHL) following autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) or at least two prior therapies when ASCT or multiagent chemotherapy is not an option. The objective of this study was to describe real‐world outcomes with BV in patients with rrHL considered ASCT ineligible or who refuse ASCT.MethodsThis was a retrospective medical chart review study that enrolled patients ≥18 years old who were initially diagnosed with HL between January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2014, considered ASCT ineligible, and treated in routine care with BV for progressive disease after multidrug chemotherapy regimens. Clinical outcomes included best response to treatment, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events.ResultsA total of 136 patients were included, with a median age of 70 years at initial HL diagnosis. The most common reasons for ASCT ineligibility were comorbidities (74%) and age (57%). Overall response rate was 74%, and PFS and OS were 15.1 and 17.8 months, respectively. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in 9.6% of patients.ConclusionThe results of this study provide real‐world evidence on the feasibility and effectiveness of BV in elderly or frail ASCT‐ineligible patients with rrHL in a real‐world setting.
Phylogenetic structure of regional angiosperm assemblages across latitudinal and climatic gradients in North America
Authors: Qian Hong , Sandel Brody 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimPhylogenetic structure of regional species assemblages is determined by environmental conditions and biogeographical history. Typically, assemblages are thought to become increasingly clustered at higher latitudes, because relatively few clades can tolerate low temperatures. However, numerous other patterns can produce phylogenetic structure. Here, we derive and test four hypotheses for phylogenetic structure of all angiosperms and five major angiosperm clades in North America. These are as follows: (a) angiosperms assemblages at higher latitudes are more phylogenetically clustered; (b) stronger phylogenetic clustering occurs in the drier climates of the west; (c) species are more closely related in the warm, dry southwest than in the cooler, wetter northwest; and (d) latitudinal patterns of phylogenetic structure in central North America are intermediate between those of the east and west.LocationNorth America.Major Taxa StudiedAngiosperms.MethodsWe divided North America into 65 regions across three longitudinal zones. We constructed a phylogeny based on the largest time‐calibrated species‐level mega‐tree of plants available. Two phylogenetic metrics were used to quantify phylogenetic structure of angiosperms as a whole and each major clade in each region and were related to four major climate variables using correlation and regression analyses.ResultsFor all angiosperms, results were consistent with our four predictions, with increasing clustering in drier and colder conditions. In many cases, clustering was more strongly related to precipitation than to temperature. Patterns of phylogenetic structure were inconsistent among major angiosperm clades, although the sister clades malvids and fabids did show remarkably similar patterns of net relatedness index.Main conclusionsThe latitudinal temperature gradient has played an important role in assembling species of the continental pool into regional floras. However, other geographical and biogeographical processes are also influential. Extreme dry climate in the southwest has caused more phylogenetic clustering than extreme cold climate. The observed phylogenetic structure patterns are generally consistent with the tropical niche conservatism, acting along distinct gradients of environmental filtering.
Gel‐casting process‐derived 3D‐interconnected porous carbon/B4C preform for reaction‐bonded boron carbide composites
Authors: Xu Yufeng , Ru Hongqiang , Long Haibo , Zhao Jing , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA novel kind of 3D interconnected porous carbon‐bonded B4C preform with flexural strength of about 20MPa is fabricated by gel‐casting method. As the control, the B4C/C preforms via molding‐produced method are fabricated. The B4C/C preforms own the same carbon content and almost the same porosity with different molding method. Compared with the conventional compression molding‐produced B4C/C preform, the 3D‐interconnected porous carbon‐bonded boron carbide preforms afford three‐fold advantages in the fabrication of reaction‐bonded boron carbide (RBBC) composite via the liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process, including induced formation of continuous SiC‐bonded boron carbide skeleton structure, a reduction in the size of residual silicon, and prevented the coarsening of ceramic grains as well. As a result, the RBBC composite fabricated by gel‐casting appears as a more refined structure resulting in enhanced mechanical properties: the Vickers hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of I‐GC composites fabricated from 3D‐interconnected porous carbon/B4C preforms are 19.4 ± 1.3 GPa, 389 ± 17 MPa, and 4.37 ± 0.1 MPa·m1/2, respectively, which are statistically higher than those of RBBC fabricated by the conventional compression molding‐produced B4C/C preform.
Effect of heat treatment on the surface chemical structure of glass: Oxygen speciation from in situ XPS analysis
Authors: Banerjee Joy , Bojan Vincent , Pantano Carlo G. , Kim Seong H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCompositional changes in unleached and acid‐leached soda‐lime silicate surfaces were tracked with in‐vacuo heating and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Surface oxygen speciation was determined using a stoichiometry‐based algorithm via elemental composition, instead of the typical O 1s peak‐fitting approach. Accurate surface hydroxyl quantification is shown to require dehydration at temperatures near 200°C. On the unleached surface, no change in surface hydroxyl density (~2.5 OH/nm2) is observed in the temperature range of 200°C‐500°C after the initial dehydration. However, repolymerization in the network (non‐bridging oxygen→bridging oxygen) is observed due to volatilization of sodium. The acid‐leached surface undergoes sodium out‐diffusion from the bulk at sub‐Tg temperatures with laterally resolved inhomogeneity and shows a reduction in the concentration of hydroxyls from 4.5 OH/nm2 (200°C) to 3.2 OH/nm2 (500°C) accompanied by an increase in bridging oxygen. These results suggest that when [OH] > 2.5~3/nm2, vicinal OH undergo dehydroxylation with evolution of water, whereas when [OH] < 2.5/nm2, most OHs are non‐interacting and isolated (at temperatures below Tg). Furthermore, at temperatures exceeding 300°C, sodium has enough thermal energy to desorb in vacuum and diffuse from the bulk (depending on the abundance & local structure).
Differential expression of myometrial AP‐1 proteins during gestation and labour
Authors: Nadeem Lubna , Farine Tali , Dorogin Anna , Matysiak‐Zablocki Elzbieta , Shynlova Oksana , Lye Stephen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPreterm labour (PTL) is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and postnatal morbidity. Contractions of the uterine muscle (myometrium) that determine the onset of labour depend on the expression of contraction‐associated proteins (CAPs, i.e. connexin43) regulated by dimeric AP‐1 transcription factors. Here, we examined subcellular (by immunoblotting) and tissue expression (by immunohistochemistry) of myometrial AP‐1 proteins (cJUN, JUNB, JUND, cFOS, FOSB, FRA1, FRA2) throughout gestation and TL in different species (mouse, rat and human). To identify the critical AP‐1 members associated with preterm birth, we studied their expression in mouse model of ‘infectious’ (LPS‐induced) and ‘sterile’ (RU486‐induced) PTL. We found that (1) myometrial AP‐1 composition is preserved in vivo between different species (rodents and human) indicating that Fos/Jun heterodimer (i.e. FRA2/JUND) may be indispensable for labour initiation. (2) Our in vivo study using murine models of gestation shows that there is a similarity in the myometrial AP‐1 protein composition during TL and pathological PTL of different aetiology suggesting the involvement of similar molecular machinery in the induction of labour. (3) This study is first comprehensive protein analysis of seven AP‐1 members in human labouring versus non‐labouring myometrium, showing their cellular expression and tissue distribution in relation to labour status.
Negative pressure wound therapy promotes muscle‐derived stem cell osteogenic differentiation through MAPK pathway
Authors: Liu Hong , Zheng Xun , Chen Liang , Jian Chao , Hu Xiang , Zhao Yong , Li Zonghuan , Yu Aixi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been revealed to be effective in the treatment of open fractures, although the underlying mechanism is not clear. This article aimed to investigate the effects of NPWT on muscle‐derived stem cell (MDSC) osteoblastic differentiation and the related potential mechanism. The cell proliferation rate was substantially increased in NPWT‐treated MDSCs in comparison with a static group for 3 days. There was no observable effect on the apoptosis of MDSC treated with NPWT compared with the control group for 3 days. The expression levels of HIF‐1α, BMP‐2, COL‐I, OST and OPN were increased on days 3, 7 and 14, but the expression level of Runx2 was increased on days 3 and 7 in the NPWT group. Pre‐treatment, the specific inhibitors were added into the MDSCs treated with NPWT and the control group. ALP activity and mineralization were reduced by inhibiting the ERK1/2, p38 and JNK pathways. The expression levels of Runx2, COL‐I, OST and OPN genes and proteins were also decreased using the specific MAPK pathway inhibitors on days 3, 7 and 14. There were no significant effects on the expression of BMP‐2 except on day 3. However, the expressions of the HIF‐1α gene and protein slightly increased when the JNK pathway was inhibited. Therefore, NPWT promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MDSCs through the MAPK pathway.
Media use and psychosocial adjustment in children and adolescents
Authors: Limtrakul Nicha , Louthrenoo Orawan , Narkpongphun Atsawin , Boonchooduang Nonglak , Chonchaiya Weerasak 
Published: September 2017

AimsCurrently, television and new forms of media are readily available to children and adolescents in their daily lives. Excessive use of media can lead to negative physical and psychosocial health effects. This study aimed to describe children's media use, including media multitasking, as well as the associations between media use and their psychosocial adjustment.MethodsThis study recruited 339 participants aged 10–15 years from an international school. The children and their care givers were asked to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire independently to evaluate the psychosocial problems of the children.ResultsThe mean age of the study participants was 12.4 ± 1.5 years, who were recruited from grades 5 to 9. Multitasking media use was reported in 59.3% of participants. The average total media exposure time was 7.0 h/day. The behavioural problem scores from self‐reports were greater with increased media use time. After adjusting for confounding variables, the school report and sleep problems were among the factors associated with the total behavioural problem scores from the multiple linear regression analysis (P = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively), whereas age and average total media exposure time were significantly associated with the prosocial behaviour scores reported by the children (P = 0.004 and 0.02, respectively). Multitasking media use was not significantly associated with the total difficulties scores or the prosocial behaviour scores in this study.ConclusionIncreased media use time was significantly associated with decreased prosocial behaviour scores in children in this study. This can provide important information to parents regarding media use in children.
Temporal horizontal H‐figure sliding skin flap for central eyelid reconstructive surgery in dogs: a retrospective study
Authors: Giordano C. , Vercelli A. , Barsotti G. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo describe a modified H‐figure sliding skin flap for treating eyelid central neoplasms and to evaluate the cosmetic and functional results of this reconstructive blepharoplasty.Material and methodsEight dogs affected by eyelid neoplasia involving more than one‐third of the central part of the margin underwent an en bloc rectangular surgical removal of the neoplasia. Reconstructive surgery was performed using a temporal horizontal H‐figure sliding skin flap.ResultsAt short‐term follow‐up visits, seven dogs showed no signs of ocular discomfort, whilst one exhibited mild blepharospasm and ocular discharge associated with partial necrosis of the flap. At the 60‐day follow‐up, all dogs showed good eyelid margin reconstruction and no signs of lagophthalmos or ocular discomfort. Secondary trichiasis was observed in one dog.Clinical significanceThe procedure allowed a well‐positioned, fully mobile eyelid. The secondary trichiasis observed in one dog did not cause evident ocular discomfort at 6‐month follow‐up.
Replacing Soybean Meal with Alternative Protein Sources in Diets for Pond‐raised Hybrid Catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus
Authors: Li Menghe H. , Bosworth Brian G. , Lucas Penelope M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe present study investigated the replacement of soybean meal with combinations of two or three alternative protein sources in diets for pond‐raised hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus. Alternative protein sources evaluated included cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), peanut meal, and porcine meat and bone meal (PMBM). Hybrid catfish fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 35 g/fish were stocked into 25 earthen ponds (0.04 ha) at a density of 14,826 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 166 d. No significant differences were observed for total diet fed, net yield, weight gain, survival, carcass yield, fillet yield, or fillet proximate composition among dietary treatments. Results show soybean meal may be completely replaced by combinations of cottonseed meal and one or two other alternative protein sources including DDGS, peanut meal, and PMBM in the diet without markedly affecting production and processing characteristics and fillet proximate composition of pond‐raised hybrid catfish. These alternative diets may be used during foodfish production when prices are favorable.