bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percepción de maltrato durante la residencia médica en México: medición y análisis bioético
Authors: Derive Stéphanie , Casas Martínez M. De la Luz , Obrador Vera Gregorio T. , R. Villa Antonio , Contreras Daniela 
Published: June 2017

Introducción: Entre los múltiples retos que enfrenta un residente se encuentran las relaciones intrahospitalarias. En estas relaciones se han identificado maltratos hacia el residente que interfieren con su aprendizaje. Sin embargo, se conoce poco sobre este fenómeno en México.
Objetivo: Medir la percepción de diferentes tipos de maltrato en residentes y hacer un análisis bioético de los resultados.
Método: Se aplicó una encuesta electrónica de 107 preguntas a residentes del Estado de México para medir la percepción de maltratos psicológicos, físicos, académicos y sexuales. Se preguntó sobre quiénes ejercían los maltratos y sus consecuencias. El análisis estadístico incluyó la descripción de maltrato y sus tipos específicos, así como la frecuencia de variables sociodemográficas. Se realizó regresión logística para estimar la probabilidad de maltrato en función de variables de riesgo.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron 143 respuestas (tasa de respuesta: 8.2%), 84% de los residentes refirió haber sufrido maltratos, siendo el más frecuente el psicológico (humillaciones en el 78%), seguido por el académico (guardias de castigo en 50% y negación de la enseñanza en 40%) y por el físico (16% recibieron golpes, 35% fueron privados de alimentación y 1% de ir al baño durante sus guardias, como castigo). Además 21% fue presionado a consumir alcohol contra su voluntad. Los maltratos psicológicos y físicos fueron más frecuentes en especialidades quirúrgicas que médicas. Como consecuencia de los maltratos, el 89% de los residentes reportaron burnout, 71% depresión, 78% ansiedad y 58% mala atención a sus pacientes. Los principales responsables de los maltratos fueron residentes de jerarquía superior y médicos de base.
Conclusiones: Los maltratos durante la residencia son muy frecuentes y afectan los derechos humanos y la dignidad de los residentes. También reducen la capacidad de aprendizaje y la eficiencia de la educación médica de especialidad, en un país con alta demanda de atención de salud que requiere optimizar recursos económicos y humanos.
Uso docente de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación como material didáctico en Medicina Humana
Authors: Mendoza Rojas Hubert James , Placencia Medina Maritza Dorila 
Published: June 2017

Introducción: Hoy en día, las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) se han integrado en la vida cotidiana de tal manera que la han transformado, y que han permitido acceder al conocimiento, a la información y al aprendizaje.
Objetivo: Describir el estado actual del uso docente de las TIC como material didáctico en las asignaturas de pregrado de Medicina Humana de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional. Fueron seleccionados 81 docentes mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia de tipo accidental. Se recolectaron los datos mediante un cuestionario mixto. Se realizó la tabulación y análisis de datos mediante Microsoft Excel 2013. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo mediante medidas de frecuencia y porcentajes.
Resultados: El 70.4% de losdocentes utiliza TIC en sus clases, lo hizo por iniciativa propia (56.8%) y de forma autodidacta (35.8%), usa herramienta de audio (44.4%), imagen (69.1%) y video (64.2%). El PowerPoint es el material didáctico TIC más utilizado (93.8%), además utilizan biblioteca digital (35.8%), YouTube (39.5%), red social (43.7%). El 49.4% utiliza aula virtual. Los docentes refieren una falta de capacitación en TIC (38.3%) y solicitan capacitación en diseño de aulas virtuales (50.6%).
Factores relacionados con la elección de una especialidad en medicina
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cirlos Carlos , Naveja J. Jesús , Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor 
Published: June 2017

La elección de una especialidad médica es un proceso que está determinado por múltiples factores, tales como las características demográficas, necesidades y valores del estudiante o su percepción de las distintas especialidades. La elección de la especialidad es importante tanto para los estudiantes como para los sistemas de salud, pues desde los años 90 se ha observado un incremento en la cantidad de subespecialistas y una tendencia a elegir de forma menos frecuente especialidades relacionadas con la atención primaria (medicina general, medicina familiar, medicina interna o pediatría). Otras opciones de formación al terminar la carrera de medicina (investigación, docencia, otro posgrado), dependen fuertemente de la exposición del estudiante a estas opciones durante los años clínicos, al igual que optar por opciones menos conocidas (médicas o quirúrgicas) depende de haber rotado por las mismas durante la formación clínica. En algunos casos el estudiante ya ha tomado la decisión desde el principio (o antes) de la formación médica, como en el caso de aquellos que seleccionan especialidades quirúrgicas, pero en el resto la elección parece tomarse posteriormente. En esta revisión evaluamos los factores relacionados con la elección de una especialidad (con un énfasis particular en México y América Latina), de acuerdo con el modelo de elección de Bland-Meurer.
An ellipsoidal particle in tube Poiseuille flow
Authors: Huang Haibo , Lu Xi-Yun 
Published: June 2017

A suspended ellipsoidal particle inside a Poiseuille flow with Reynolds number up to 360 is studied numerically. The effects of tube diameter ($D$), inertia of the particle and the flow, and the particle geometry (both prolate and oblate ellipsoids) are considered. When a prolate particle with $a/b=2$ is inside a wider tube (e.g. $D/A>1.9$), where $A=2a$ is the length of the major axis of the particle, the terminal stable state is tumbling. When the prolate particle is inside a narrower tube ($1.0<D/A<1.9$), log-rolling or kayaking modes may appear. Which mode occurs depends on the competition between fluid and particle inertia. When the fluid inertia is dominant, the log-rolling mode appears, otherwise, the kayaking mode appears. Inclined and spiral modes may appear when $D/A<1$ and $D/A=1$, respectively. For a prolate ellipsoid with $a/b=4$, if $1<D/A<1.9$, there is only the kayaking mode and the log-rolling mode is not observed. When an oblate particle is inside a wider tube (e.g. $D/A>3.5$), it may adopt the log-rolling mode. Inclined and intermediate modes are firstly identified in narrower tubes. The phase diagram of the modes is also provided. The modes in the phase diagrams were not found to be affected by the initial state of the particle based on limited observation.
ON -DIVISIBLE GROUPS WITH SATURATED NEWTON POLYGONS
Authors: HARASHITA SHUSHI 
Published: June 2017

This paper concerns the classification of isogeny classes of$p$-divisible groups with saturated Newton polygons. Let$S$be a normal Noetherian scheme in positive characteristic$p$with a prime Weil divisor$D$. Let${\mathcal{X}}$be a$p$-divisible group over$S$whose geometric fibers over$S\setminus D$(resp. over$D$) have the same Newton polygon. Assume that the Newton polygon of${\mathcal{X}}_{D}$is saturated in that of${\mathcal{X}}_{S\setminus D}$. Our main result (Corollary 1.1) says that${\mathcal{X}}$is isogenous to a$p$-divisible group over$S$whose geometric fibers are all minimal. As an application, we give a geometric proof of the unpolarized analogue of Oort’s conjecture (Oort, J. Amer. Math. Soc.17(2) (2004), 267–296; 6.9).
Cultural effects on neurodevelopmental testing in children from six European countries: an analysis of NUTRIMENTHE Global Database
Authors: Pérez-García Miguel , Luna Juan de Dios , Torres-Espínola Francisco J. , Martínez-Zaldívar Cristina , Anjos Tania , Steenweg-de Graaff Jolien , Weber Martina , Grote Veit , Gruszfeld Dariusz , Verduci Elvira , Poncelet Pascale , Escribano Joaquín , Tiemeier Henning , Koletzko Berthold , Campoy Cristina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCultural background is an important variable influencing neuropsychological performance. Multinational projects usually involve gathering data from participants from different countries and/or different cultures. Little is known about the influence of culture on neuropsychological testing results in children and especially in European children. The objectives of this study were to compare neuropsychological performance of children from six European countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland and Spain) using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and to apply a statistical procedure to reduce the influence of country/cultural differences in neuropsychological performance. As expected, the results demonstrated differences in neuropsychological performance among children of the six countries involved. Cultural differences remained after adjusting for other confounders related to neuropsychological execution, such as sex, type of delivery, maternal age, gestational age and maternal educational level. Differences between countries disappeared and influence of culture was considerably reduced when standardised scores by country and sex were used. These results highlight the need for developing specific procedures to compare neuropsychological performance among children from different cultures to be used in multicentre studies.
USING THE HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT TOOLBOX TO FACILITATE PROCUREMENT: THE CASE OF SMART PUMPS IN A CANADIAN HOSPITAL
Authors: Poder Thomas G. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to present the experience of a Canadian hospital-based health technology assessment (HTA) unit that performed the traditional functions of the HTA process along with many other activities to facilitate the choice of smart pumps.Methods: A rapid literature review was initiated, but little evidence was found. Moreover, the evidence provided was too far from our hospital context. To help our decision makers, we offered them a list of various services based on the skills of our HTA unit staff.Results: To involve our HTA unit in the choice of the new smart pumps led to a strong collaboration between hospital services. After a rapid review on smart pumps, we proceeded to establish the clinical needs, followed by an evaluation of technical features. To ascertain clinical needs, we participated in the establishment of a conformity list for the tender, a failure and mode-effect analysis, an audit on the use of actual smart pumps, and simulation exercises with nurses and doctors to evaluate the ease of use and ergonomics. With regard to technical tests, these were mainly conducted to identify potential dysfunction and to assess the efficiency of the pump. This experience with smart pumps was useful for evidence-based procurement and led to the formulation of a nine-step process to guide future work.Conclusions: HTA units and agencies are faced with rapid development of new technologies that may not be supported by sufficient amount of pertinent published evidence. Under these circumstances, approaches other than evidence-based selection might provide useful information. Because these activities may be different from those related to classic HTA, this widens the scope of what can be done in HTA to support decision making.
HOSPITAL-BASED HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR THE ADOPTION OF INNOVATIVE MEDICAL DEVICES WITHIN FRENCH HOSPITALS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR INDUSTRY
Authors: Dutot Camille , Mercier Grégoire , Borget Isabelle , de Sauvebeuf Côme , Martelli Nicolas 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:Within French university hospitals, some internal committees are in charge of conducting hospital-based health technology assessment (Hb-HTA) to support managerial decisions regarding the adoption of innovations. For manufacturers, hospitals are usually the entry point for new and innovative medical devices, which cannot be accessed without the Hb-HTA committees' approval. Thus, the main objective of this pilot survey was to explore manufacturers’ insights into Hb-HTA processes.Methods:A two-step pilot survey was conducted in 2014. First, semi-structured phone interviews were carried out to capture manufacturers' feedback on the Hb-HTA procedure. Second, a prospective and iterative questionnaire designed to explore manufacturers’ market access strategies was administered.Results:Eight manufacturers from the medical device industry completed the retrospective phone interviews, and five of them participated in the prospective survey. According to the overall feedback, the Hb-HTA process timeline and transparency are major issues, and the expectations of internal committees, especially in terms of clinical evidence, remain difficult to understand. However, despite this and due to the complexity of reimbursement processes at the national level, manufacturers are increasingly considering hospital adoption through Hb-HTA submission as a viable market access and coverage opportunity.Conclusions:Our study reaffirms the primary role of hospitals in the diffusion of innovative medical devices. However, to ensure efficient and broad access to innovation, cooperation between local and national HTA bodies is critical and should be promoted.
Physiological importance of polyamines
Authors: Lenis Yasser Y. , Elmetwally Mohammed A. , Maldonado-Estrada Juan G. , Bazer Fuller W. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPolyamines are polycationic molecules that contain two or more amino groups (–NH3+) and are present in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Polyamines are synthesized from arginine, ornithine, and proline, and from methionine as the methyl-group donor. In the traditional pathway for polyamine synthesis, arginase converts arginine into ornithine, which is decarboxylated by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) to generate putrescine. The latter is converted to spermidine and spermine. Recent studies have indicated the existence of ‘non-classical pathways’ for the generation of putrescine from arginine and proline in animal cells. Specifically, arginine decarboxylase (ADC) catalyzes the conversion of arginine into agmatine, which is hydrolyzed by agmatinase (AGMAT) to form putrescine. Additionally, proline is oxidized by proline oxidase to yield pyrroline-5-carboxylate, which undergoes transamination with glutamate to produce ornithine for decarboxylation by ODC1. Intracellular production of polyamines is controlled by antizymes binding to and inactivating ODC1. Polyamines exert effects that include stimulation of cell division and proliferation, gene expression for the survival of cells, DNA and protein synthesis, regulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and cell–cell communication activity. Accordingly, polyamines are essential for early embryonic development and successful pregnancy outcome in mammals. In this paper the main concepts on the history, structure and molecular pathways of polyamines as well as their physiological role on angiogenesis, and reproductive physiology are reviewed.
Exploring the influence of local food environments on food behaviours: a systematic review of qualitative literature
Authors: Pitt Erin , Gallegos Danielle , Comans Tracy , Cameron Cate , Thornton Lukar 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveSystematic reviews investigating associations between objective measures of the food environment and dietary behaviours or health outcomes have not established a consistent evidence base. The present paper aims to synthesise qualitative evidence regarding the influence of local food environments on food and purchasing behaviours.DesignA systematic review in the form of a qualitative thematic synthesis.SettingUrban localities.SubjectsAdults.ResultsFour analytic themes were identified from the review including community and consumer nutrition environments, other environmental factors and individual coping strategies for shopping and purchasing decisions. Availability, accessibility and affordability were consistently identified as key determinants of store choice and purchasing behaviours that often result in less healthy food choices within community nutrition environments. Food availability, quality and food store characteristics within consumer nutrition environments also greatly influenced in-store purchases. Individuals used a range of coping strategies in both the community and consumer nutrition environments to make optimal purchasing decisions, often within the context of financial constraints.ConclusionsFindings from the current review add depth and scope to quantitative literature and can guide ongoing theory, interventions and policy development in food environment research. There is a need to investigate contextual influences within food environments as well as individual and household socio-economic characteristics that contribute to the differing use of and views towards local food environments. Greater emphasis on how individual and environmental factors interact in the food environment field will be key to developing stronger understanding of how environments can support and promote healthier food choices.
Association between gestational diabetes and perinatal depressive symptoms: evidence from a Greek cohort study
Authors: Varela Pinelopi , Spyropoulou Areti C. , Kalogerakis Zacharias , Vousoura Eleni , Moraitou Martha , Zervas Iannis M. 
Published: June 2017

Aim
The aim of the present study was to assess the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms in a sample of pregnant women in Greece.

Background
Earlier research supports a relationship between depression and diabetes, but only a few studies have examined the relationship between GDM and perinatal depressive symptomatology.

Methods
A total of 117 women in their third trimester of pregnancy participated in the study. Demographic and obstetric history data were recorded during women’s third trimester of pregnancy. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the validated Greek version of the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at two time points: on the third trimester of pregnancy and on the first week postpartum.

Findings
Prevalence of GDM was 14.5%. Probable diagnosis of depression occurred for 12% of the sample during the antenatal assessment and 15.1% in the postpartum assessment. In the first week postpartum, women with GDM had significantly higher postpartum (but no antenatal) EPDS scores compared with the non-GDM cohort. In conclusion, GDM appears to be associated with depressive symptoms in the first week postpartum. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed, emphasizing the importance of closely monitoring women with GDM who seem more vulnerable to developing depressive symptomatology during the postnatal period.
Loss of Parkinson’s disease-associated protein CHCHD2 affects mitochondrial crista structure and destabilizes cytochrome c
Authors: Meng Hongrui , Yamashita Chikara , Shiba-Fukushima Kahori , Inoshita Tsuyoshi , Funayama Manabu , Sato Shigeto , Hatta Tomohisa , Natsume Tohru , Umitsu Masataka , Takagi Junichi , Imai Yuzuru , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMutations in CHCHD2 have been identified in some Parkinson’s disease (PD) cases. To understand the physiological and pathological roles of CHCHD2, we manipulated the expression of CHCHD2 in Drosophila and mammalian cells. The loss of CHCHD2 in Drosophila causes abnormal matrix structures and impaired oxygen respiration in mitochondria, leading to oxidative stress, dopaminergic neuron loss and motor dysfunction with age. These PD-associated phenotypes are rescued by the overexpression of the translation inhibitor 4E-BP and by the introduction of human CHCHD2 but not its PD-associated mutants. CHCHD2 is upregulated by various mitochondrial stresses, including the destabilization of mitochondrial genomes and unfolded protein stress, in Drosophila. CHCHD2 binds to cytochrome c along with a member of the Bax inhibitor-1 superfamily, MICS1, and modulated cell death signalling, suggesting that CHCHD2 dynamically regulates the functions of cytochrome c in both oxidative phosphorylation and cell death in response to mitochondrial stress.
Nanoimaging of resonating hyperbolic polaritons in linear boron nitride antennas
Authors: Alfaro-Mozaz F. J. , Alonso-González P. , Vélez S. , Dolado I. , Autore M. , Mastel S. , Casanova F. , Hueso L. E. , Li P. , Nikitin A. Y. , Hillenbrand R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPolaritons in layered materials—including van der Waals materials—exhibit hyperbolic dispersion and strong field confinement, which makes them highly attractive for applications including optical nanofocusing, sensing and control of spontaneous emission. Here we report a near-field study of polaritonic Fabry–Perot resonances in linear antennas made of a hyperbolic material. Specifically, we study hyperbolic phonon–polaritons in rectangular waveguide antennas made of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN, a prototypical van der Waals crystal). Infrared nanospectroscopy and nanoimaging experiments reveal sharp resonances with large quality factors around 100, exhibiting atypical modal near-field patterns that have no analogue in conventional linear antennas. By performing a detailed mode analysis, we can assign the antenna resonances to a single waveguide mode originating from the hybridization of hyperbolic surface phonon–polaritons (Dyakonov polaritons) that propagate along the edges of the h-BN waveguide. Our work establishes the basis for the understanding and design of linear waveguides, resonators, sensors and metasurface elements based on hyperbolic materials and metamaterials.
Inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the magnetic transition in an iron-rhodium thin film
Authors: Gatel C. , Warot-Fonrose B. , Biziere N. , Rodríguez L.A. , Reyes D. , Cours R. , Castiella M. , Casanove M.J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMonitoring a magnetic state using thermal or electrical activation is mandatory for the development of new magnetic devices, for instance in heat or electrically assisted magnetic recording or room-temperature memory resistor. Compounds such as FeRh, which undergoes a magnetic transition from an antiferromagnetic state to a ferromagnetic state around 100 °C, are thus highly desirable. However, the mechanisms involved in the transition are still under debate. Here we use in situ heating and cooling electron holography to quantitatively map at the nanometre scale the magnetization of a cross-sectional FeRh thin film through the antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic transition. Our results provide a direct observation of an inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the transition temperature along the growth direction. Most interestingly, a regular spacing of the ferromagnetic domains nucleated upon monitoring of the transition is also observed. Beyond these findings on the fundamental transition mechanisms, our work also brings insights for in operando analysis of magnetic devices.