bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation and distribution characteristics of biomass and nitrogen in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) under different fertilization strategies
Authors: Zhang Baige , Li Mingzhu , Li Qiang , Cao Jian , Zhang Changyuan , Zhang Fusuo , Song Zhao , Chen Xinping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe elemental uptake and allocation patterns of crops create insight for nutrient management. Two‐year field experiments were conducted to determine the growth and nitrogen (N) uptake patterns of bitter gourd and to evaluate different N management strategies. Two N practices during the nursery stage, namely the conventional fertilizer method (Scon) and the controlled‐release fertilizer management method (Scrf), combined with three N management strategies after transplanting, namely zero N fertilizer application (Nno), the conventional strategy (Ncon) and the systematic N management strategy (Nopt), were assessed.RESULTSAveraged over two years, the Scrf‐Nopt treatment performed best, producing 33.1 t ha−1 fruit yield with 310 kg N ha−1, indicating that the yield was 22.6% greater by using 18.8% less fertilizer N than in the Scon‐Ncon treatment. The Scrf‐Nopt treatment facilitated plant growth by accumulating 20.0% more total dry weight and prioritized its allocation to productive organs (57.2%), while the Scon‐Ncon strategy was biased toward leaves (56.3%) over fruits (43.8%). Nitrogen uptake and distribution closely followed the pattern of biomass.CONCLUSIONThe Scrf‐Nopt fertilization strategy coordinated the important role that N plays in total accumulation and well proportion of biomass and N in bitter gourd developmental processes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Steady and dynamic shear rheological behavior of semi dilute Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum solutions: influence of concentration, temperature and heating–cooling rate
Authors: Alaeddini Behzad , Koocheki Arash , Mohammadzadeh Milani Jafar , Razavi Seyed Mohammad Ali , Ghanbarzadeh Babak 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) solution exhibits high viscosity at low shear rates and has anionic features. However there is no information regarding the flow and dynamic properties of this gum in semi‐dilute solutions. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic and steady shear behavior of AHSG in the semi‐dilute region.RESULTSThe viscosity profile demonestrated a shear thinning behavior at all temperatures and concentrations. An increase in the AHSG concentration was acompanied by an increase in the pseudoplasticity degree, whereas, by increasing the temperature, the pseudoplasticity of AHSG decreased. At low gum concentration, solutions had more viscosity dependence on temperature. The mechanical spectra obtained from the frequency sweep experiment demonstrated viscoelastic properties for gum solutions. AHSG solutions showed typical weak gel‐like behavior, revealing G' greater than G' within the experimental range of frequency (Hz), with slight frequency dependency. The influence of temperature on viscoelastic properties of AHSG solutions was studied during both heating (5–85 °C) and cooling (85–5 °C) processes. The complex viscosity of AHSG was greater compared to the apparent viscosity, indicating the disruption of AHSG network structure under continuous shear rates and deviation from the Cox–Merz rule. During the initial heating, the storage modulus showed a decreasing trend and, with a further increase in temperature, the magnitude of storage modulus increased. The influence of temperature on the storage modulus was considerable when a higher heating rate was applied.CONCLUSIONAHSG can be applied as a thickening and stabilizing agents in food products that require good stability against temperature. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrophoretic deposition strategy for the fabrication of highly stable functionalized silica nanoparticle coatings onto nickel‐titanium alloy wires for selective solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Wang Huiju , Jin Panxia , Wang Ziyi , Wang Xuemei , Du Xinzhen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA new strategy for the immobilization of phenyl‐functionalized silica nanoparticles onto nickel‐titanium alloy wires is presented. The homogeneous and compact silica nanoparticle coating was achieved on the hydrothermally treated nickel‐titanium wires with large surface area by electrophoretic deposition, and followed by self‐assembled modification of phenyltrichlorosilane. Coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, the extraction performance of the fabricated fiber was evaluated using typical aromatic compounds in direct‐immersion mode of solid‐phase microextraction. Due to its high extraction efficiency and good selectivity for ultraviolet filters, the novel fiber was employed to investigate the key factors affecting the extraction of ultraviolet filters. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method presented linear ranges from 0.05 to 300 μg/L with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999 and limits of detection from 0.005 to 0.058 μg/L. Relative standard deviations were below 4.3 and 5.6% for intraday and interday analyses at the spiking level of 50 μg/L ultraviolet filters with the single fiber, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the selective concentration and sensitive detection of target ultraviolet filters from environmental water samples. Furthermore, the developed fiber can be used at least 200 times, and fabricated in a precisely controllable manner.
A Pilot Study of Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume as a Marker of PTSD in Childhood Trauma‐Exposed Adult HIV‐Infected Patients
Authors: Nwulia Evaristus A. , Rai Narayan , Sartip Kamyar , Hipolito Maria Mananita S. , McLean Charlee K. , Flanagan Kyla , Hamilton Flora , Lambert Sharon , Le Huynh‐Nhu , VanMeter John , Kapetanovic Suad 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEvidence suggests that olfactory bulb (OB), a key structure in odor processing, may also be involved in mechanisms of traumatic stress. In animals, chronic stress reduces OB plasticity, and olfactory bulbectomy results in stress‐enhanced startle reflex and autonomic dysregulation. However, OB morphometry has not been adequately studied in the development of stress disorders following childhood trauma in humans. The researchers conducted a pilot study evaluating the relationships between OB volume, childhood trauma, and lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of 16 HIV‐positive individuals, 13 of whom were exposed to childhood trauma of 9 developed PTSD. Participants were recruited from a larger cohort of inner city–dwelling HIV‐positive populations in Washington, DC. Mean OB volumes were significantly reduced when PTSD and non‐PTSD groups were compared, p = .019, as well as when trauma‐exposed PTSD‐positive and trauma‐exposed PTSD‐negative groups were compared, p = .008. No significant difference was observed when trauma‐exposed and nonexposed participants were compared. The association between PTSD and right OB volume remained strong p = 0.002 after adjusting for group differences in sex, age, depression, hippocampal volume, and total intracranial volume. Because this study is limited by small sample size, further elucidation of relationships between OB, trauma, and PTSD should be investigated in larger cross‐sectional and prospective studies and in diverse cohorts.
Non‐Immune Hydrops Fetalis: Do Placentomegaly and Polyhydramnios Matter?
Authors: Berger Victoria K. , Sparks Teresa N. , Jelin Angie C. , Derderian Chris , Jeanty Cerine , Gosnell Kristen , Mackenzie Tippi , Gonzalez Juan M. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesPolyhydramnios and placentomegaly are commonly observed in nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF); however, whether their ultrasonographic identification is relevant for prognosis is controversial. We evaluated outcomes of fetal or neonatal death and preterm birth (PTB) in cases of NIHF alone and in those with polyhydramnios and/or placentomegaly (P/PM).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort of singletons with NIHF evaluated between 1994 and 2013. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis was defined as 2 or more abnormal fluid collections, including ascites, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and skin edema. Primary outcomes were intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) and neonatal death. Secondary outcomes were PTB (<37, < 34, and <28 weeks) and spontaneous PTB. Outcomes were compared between cases of NIHF alone and NIHF with P/PM.ResultsA total of 153 cases were included; 21% (32 of 153) had NIHF alone, and 79% (121 of 153) had NIHF with P/PM. There was no significant difference in neonatal death (38.1% versus 43.0%; P = .809) between the groups. Intrauterine fetal demise was seen more frequently in NIHF alone (34.4% versus 17.4%; P = .049). Nonimmune hydrops fetalis‐with‐P/PM cases were more likely to deliver before 37 weeks (80.0% versus 57.1%; P = .045) and before 34 weeks (60.0% versus 28.6%; P = .015) and to have spontaneous PTB (64.4% versus 33.3%; P = .042). Adjusted odds ratios accounting for the etiology of NIHF supported these findings, with the exception of IUFD.ConclusionsCompared to NIHF alone, pregnancies with NIHF and P/PM had a lower risk of IUFD and were at increased risk of PTB (<37 and <34 weeks) and spontaneous PTB. This information may help providers in counseling patients with NIHF and supports the need for close antenatal surveillance.
Cardinal characteristics and countable Borel equivalence relations
Authors: Coskey Samuel , Schneider Scott 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBoykin and Jackson recently introduced a property of countable Borel equivalence relations called Borel boundedness, which they showed is closely related to the union problem for hyperfinite equivalence relations. In this paper, we introduce a family of properties of countable Borel equivalence relations which correspond to combinatorial cardinal characteristics of the continuum in the same way that Borel boundedness corresponds to the bounding number . We analyze some of the basic behavior of these properties, showing, e.g., that the property corresponding to the splitting number coincides with smoothness. We then settle many of the implication relationships between the properties; these relationships turn out to be closely related to (but not the same as) the Borel Tukey ordering on cardinal characteristics.
Intermediate arithmetic operations on ordinal numbers
Authors: Altman Harry J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThere are two well‐known ways of doing arithmetic with ordinal numbers: the “ordinary” addition, multiplication, and exponentiation, which are defined by transfinite iteration; and the “natural” (or “Hessenberg”) addition and multiplication (denoted ⊕ and ⊗), each satisfying its own set of algebraic laws. In 1909, Jacobsthal considered a third, intermediate way of multiplying ordinals (denoted × ), defined by transfinite iteration of natural addition, as well as the notion of exponentiation defined by transfinite iteration of his multiplication, which we denote . (Jacobsthal's multiplication was later rediscovered by Conway.) Jacobsthal showed these operations too obeyed algebraic laws. In this paper, we pick up where Jacobsthal left off by considering the notion of exponentiation obtained by transfinitely iterating natural multiplication instead; we shall denote this . We show that and that ; note the use of Jacobsthal's multiplication in the latter. We also demonstrate the impossibility of defining a “natural exponentiation” satisfying reasonable algebraic laws.
Fluorene‐Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Preparation and Chemical Sensing Application
Authors: Zhang Qiujing , Yu Sen , Wang Qian , Xiao Qin , Yue Yong , Ren Shijie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractConjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with strong fluorescence are great candidates for optoelectronic applications such as photocatalysis and chemical sensing. A series of novel fluorene‐based conjugated microporous polymers (FCMPs) with different electronic structures are prepared by Yamamoto coupling reactions using rationally designed monomers. The FCMPs show a high degree of microporosity, decent specific surface areas, and variable fluorescence. FCMP3, which possesses a triazine knot in the network, exhibits the highest specific surface area of 489 m2 g−1, the largest pore volume of 0.30 cm3 g−1, and the highest solid‐state photoluminescence quantum yield of 11.46%. Chemical sensing performance of FCMPs is studied using a range of nitroaromatic compounds as the analytes. Among the FCMPs, FCMP3 exhibits the highest Stern–Volmer constants of 2541, 4708, and 5241 m−1 for the detection of nitrobenzene, 4‐nitrotoluene, 2,4‐dinitrotoluene, respectively, which are comparable to the detecting efficiency of the state‐of‐the‐art CMP‐based sensing agents.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Amyloidogenic Peptide–Polymer Conjugates via Thio–Bromo “Click” Reaction of RAFT Polymers
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Deike Stefanie , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA synthetic strategy to efficiently prepare main‐chain peptide–polymer conjugates probing their aggregation in solution is described. An in situ tandem reaction based on aminolysis/thio–bromo “click” reaction is performed to tether an amyloidogenic peptide fragment amyloid‐β17–20 (Leu‐Val‐Phe‐Phe (LVFF)) to the ω‐chain end of poly(diethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate) (PDEGA), prepared via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Structural confirmation of the constructed conjugates PDEGA–LVFF (Mn,SEC = 5600, Ð = 1.21), (Mn,SEC = 7600, Ð = 1.16), and (Mn,SEC = 8900, Ð = 1.15) is successfully made by combined studies of 1H NMR, size‐exclusion chromatography, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry, and electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight (ESI‐TOF) mass spectrometry. The effect of the peptidic constituent on the thermoresponsive behavior of the polymer is examined by UV–vis spectroscopy, and the self‐assembly behavior of the amphiphilic conjugate is further exploited, exhibiting micellar morphology in aqueous solution.
Breaking Habits: The Effect of the French Vending Machine Ban on School Snacking and Sugar Intakes
Authors: Capacci Sara , Mazzocchi Mario , Shankar Bhavani 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper estimates the effect of the 2005 vending machine ban in French secondary schools on nutrient intakes and on the frequency of morning snacking at school. Using data before and after the ban, and exploiting the discontinuity associated with the age‐dependent exposure to the ban, we specify a difference‐in‐differences regression discontinuity design. Since the relationship between age‐at‐interview and school level is not precise, we introduce fuzziness in the model. We find that the ban has generated a 10‐gram reduction in sugar intakes from morning snacks at school, and a significant reduction in the frequency of these morning snacks. However, we find no evidence that the intervention affects total daily intakes, and our results are suggestive of compensation effects.
C/ebpα controls osteoclast terminal differentiation, activation, function, and postnatal bone homeostasis through direct regulation of Nfatc1
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhu Guochun , Tang Jun , Zhou Hou‐De , Li Yi‐Ping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOsteoclast lineage commitment and differentiation have been studied extensively, although the mechanism by which transcription factor(s) control osteoclast terminal differentiation, activation, and function remains unclear. CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (C/ebpα) has been reported to be a key regulator of osteoclast cell lineage commitment, yet C/ebpα's roles in osteoclast terminal differentiation, activation and function, and bone homeostasis, under physiological or pathological conditions, have not been studied because newborn C/ebpα‐null mice die within several hours after birth. Furthermore, the function of C/ebpα in osteoclast terminal differentiation, activation, and function is largely unknown. Herein, we generated and analyzed an osteoclast‐specific C/ebpα conditional knockout (CKO) mouse model via Ctsk‐Cre mice and found that C/ebpα‐deficient mice exhibited a severe osteopetrosis phenotype due to impaired osteoclast terminal differentiation, activation, and function, including mildly reduced osteoclast number, impaired osteoclast polarization, actin formation, and bone resorption, which demonstrated the novel function of C/ebpα in cell function and terminal differentiation. Interestingly, C/ebpα deficiency did not affect bone formation or monocyte/macrophage development. Our results further demonstrated that C/ebpα deficiency suppressed the expression of osteoclast functional genes, e.g. encoding cathepsin K (Ctsk), Atp6i (Tcirg1), and osteoclast regulator genes, e.g. encoding c‐fos (Fos), and nuclear factor of activated T‐cells 1 (Nfatc1), while having no effect on Pu.1 (Spi1) expression. Promoter activity mapping and ChIP assay defined the critical cis‐regulatory element (CCRE) in the promoter region of Nfatc1, and also showed that the CCREs were directly associated with C/ebpα, which enhanced the promoter's activity. The deficiency of C/ebpα in osteoclasts completely blocked ovariectomy‐induced bone loss, indicating that C/ebpα is a promising new target for the treatment of osteolytic diseases. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening with whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric subjects with Li–Fraumeni syndrome: A single institution pilot study
Authors: O'Neill Allison F. , Voss Stephan D. , Jagannathan Jyothi P. , Kamihara Junne , Nibecker Callie , Itriago‐Araujo Elena , Masciari Serena , Parker Erin , Barreto Mauricio , London Wendy B. , Garber Judy E. , Diller Lisa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundLi–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome associated with germline mutations in the TP53 gene and a high risk of childhood‐onset malignancies. Cancer surveillance is challenging in pediatric mutation carriers given the anatomic spectrum of malignancies and young age of onset. Whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WB‐MRI) may provide an acceptable method for early cancer detection.ProcedureWe conducted a prospective feasibility pilot study of pediatric subjects (age < 18 years) with LFS to determine return rates for annual WB‐MRI scan. Secondary objectives included characterization of incident cancers (and how they were detected).ResultsForty‐five WB‐MRI scans in 20 subjects were performed over 5 years; two patients enrolled without subsequently undergoing scans. Eighty‐nine percent of participants scanned (95% confidence interval: 67–99%) returned for second examinations. Fifty‐five percent of participants required general anesthesia, which was well tolerated in all cases. Six patients required dedicated follow‐up imaging. One participant required biopsy of a detected brain lesion; pathology demonstrated reactive gliosis. Another participant, with prior choroid plexus carcinoma, had a new brain lesion detected on clinical follow‐up MRI not seen on WB‐MRI 6 months prior. All other participants remain well (median: 3 years, range: 0.08–4 years).ConclusionsWB‐MRI in pediatric subjects is a well‐tolerated approach to cancer surveillance despite the need for general anesthesia in some patients. A large multicenter trial would determine true test characteristics and efficacy of this approach for early cancer detection in children at high cancer risk.
Effect of electron beam irradiation on dielectric properties, morphology and melt rheology of linear low density polyethylene/silicone rubber‐based thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites
Authors: Ismail Nurul Hidayah , Mustapha Mariatti , Ismail Hanafi , Jamil Mohamad Kamarol , Hairaldin Siti Zulaiha 
Published: October 2017

In this study, thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites based on linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/silicone rubber (SR; 90:10) filled with a 2 vol% boron nitride (BN) nanofiller were exposed to electron beam (EB) irradiation at low irradiation doses (20, 40, 50, and 100 kGy). The response of the LLDPE/SR/BN nanocomposites to the EB irradiation crosslinking was examined and compared with the non‐irradiated samples in terms of dielectric properties (permittivity and loss tangent), dielectric breakdown strength, morphology, and rheological properties. A swelling study was performed to quantify the degree of crosslinking and it was found that the crosslink density increased slightly upon EB irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy results provided evidence that the SR phase was selectively crosslinked and interfacial adhesion was improved in irradiated samples. A good correlation was observed between the morphology and the dynamic storage modulus obtained from the melt rheological experiments. The optimum irradiation dose was found to be 20 kGy, which was marked by an improved dielectric breakdown strength, a permittivity‐frequency curve plateau and a reduced loss tangent value. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:E135–E144, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Examining the relationship between creativity and equitable thinking in schools
Authors: Luria Sarah R. , Kaufman James C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper reviews the relationship between creativity and equitable thinking and the individual differences in personality, demographic, and experiential factors that influence both concepts as they affect each other. Given the nationwide push to increase equity in public schools, interventions beyond teaching about equity are becoming progressively more vital to school improvement. The work suggests that schools may be able to increase equitable thinking and, accordingly, community equity by employing creative thinking strategies in classrooms.
Synthesis and thermoresponsive properties of OEGylated polypeptide with a LCST at body temperature in water and with a UCST in alcohol or ethanol/water solvent mixture
Authors: Ge Chenglong , Liu Wenjun , Ling Ying , Tang Haoyu 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThermoresponsive polypeptides bearing oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) pendants (i.e., P1‐OEGx and P2‐OEGx, x = 3, 7) were synthesized by copper‐mediated 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with high grafting efficiency (≥97%) between side‐chain “clickable” polypeptides, namely poly(γ‐4‐(propargoxycarbonyl)benzyl‐l‐glutamate) (P1) or poly(γ‐4‐(4‐propargoxyphenoxycarbonyl)benzyl‐l‐glutamate) (P2) and azido functionalized OEG (N3‐OEGx). P1 and P2 with similar degree of polymerization (DP = 35 or 37) were prepared from triethylamine initiated ring‐opening polymerization of respective N‐carboxyanhydrides. P1‐OEGx (x = 3, 7) and P2‐OEG7 showed reversible UCST‐type phase transitions in various alcoholic solvents (e.g., ethanol, propanol, n‐butanol, and n‐pentanol). P2‐OEG3 also showed reversible UCST‐type phase transitions in ethanol/water solvent mixtures at the weight percentage of ethanol no less than 50 wt %. P1‐OEG7 and P2‐OEG7 showed reversible LCST‐type phase transitions in aqueous solutions. Variable‐temperature UV–vis spectroscopy revealed that the LCST‐type phase transition temperature (Tpt) of P2‐OEG7 with benzoic acid phenyl ester linkages was at around body temperature and it was barely changed with the variation of polymer concentration, yet it showed noticeable dependence on the nature of salt (i.e., NaCl, NaBr, NaI, or KCl) and salt concentration in the range of 0–300 mM. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 163–173