bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S12-3: How to empower women in difficult life situations to engage in physical activity using a human rights approach?
Authors: Abu-Omar Karim , Sommer Raluca , Sweidan Farah , Till Maike , Ziemainz Heiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In the realm of daily life, physical activity should constitute a fundamental component of the people’s routines. However, specific vulnerable population groups (e.g., single mothers, unemployed women, women with low educational attainment) are disadvantaged when seeking to engage in physical activity. By employing a human rights approach, it is crucial to evaluate this issue in order to ensure that disadvantaged women can genuinely exercise their right to participate in physical activity. BIG, a community-based participatory research project, aims to engage disadvantaged women in physical activity through tailored exercise courses and social activities.

Methods
12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven women participating in various physical activity courses provided by the BIG program and five project coordinators implementing BIG in different communities. The interviews were analyzed by two researchers using deductive content analysis with a focus on the four human rights criteria.

Results
Despite the presence of various local physical activity offers, women perceive a lack of suitable choices, especially considering their culture and familial circumstances (e.g., small children, Ramadan-feast). BIG aims to address this by creating new offers (availability) and improving accessibility to existing ones. Certain courses hinder women’s participation by lacking a “safe space” for them (e.g., mixed-gender classes), impacting accessibility. Culturally sensitive offers, like schedules aligned with Muslim prayer times, increase acceptability. To ensure the effective implementation of appropriate courses, intercultural competence training was integrated into relevant trainings, enhancing the overall quality of BIG.

Conclusions
Using a human rights-based approach and its four key criteria allows the identification of shortcomings in the promotion of physical activity among disadvantaged women.

Funding source
This research received funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (NU-BIG, 01EL2012A) and the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Funds (BIG-5, Z2/95022001).
253 Implementation and dissemination of physical activity-related health competence in nursing education: First results of a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation study
Authors: Grüne Eva , Popp Johanna , Carl Johannes , Hartung Verena , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Acknowledging the health-enhancing effects of physical activity (PA), the nursing education system in Bavaria, Germany, has recently integrated the promotion of physical activity-related health competence (PAHCO) into the curriculum. However, it cannot be assumed that PAHCO has sufficiently permeated the educational practices and routines of nursing schools. Therefore, the aim of the TakeCare! project is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of different intervention approaches to address PAHCO in nursing education.

Methods
Within a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation study, we conduct a cluster-randomized controlled trial with 16 nursing schools allocated to four parallel study arms to determine the most appropriate approach to strengthen PAHCO. While intervention group 1 applies a bottom-up approach involving various stakeholders in the participatory development of PA-promoting interventions, intervention groups 2 and 3 follow a top-down approach in which the intervention is developed using intervention mapping and delivered by external PA professionals or nursing teachers respectively. The control group follows regular curriculum.
To investigate intervention implementation, questionnaires and protocol data are analysed using descriptive distributions and content analyses. To examine the short-term effectiveness, questionnaire-based data on nursing students’ PA and PAHCO collected before (T0/T1) and after intervention implementation (T2) are analysed via linear models.

Results
The implementation evaluation shows that interventions were implemented in each school across the different intervention groups. In intervention group 1, each school developed different intervention components (4≤n≤8), some of which were initiated (1≤n≤3). In the intervention groups 2 and 3, the intervention units developed (N=12) were largely implemented as planned. While six external PA professionals carried out all intervention units in the schools of intervention group 2, nine nursing teachers carried out the majority of intervention units (M=10.8) in the schools of intervention group 3. The effectiveness evaluation has not yet been finalised.

Discussion
The TakeCare! study provides valuable insights into the comparison of different intervention approaches to promote PAHCO and PA in terms of their effectiveness and implementation and enables evidence-based decision when choosing a suitable intervention approach. To spread PAHCO in all 185 Bavarian nursing schools, a systematic dissemination strategy must be developed based on the findings.
Expansion and functional divergence of terpene synthase genes in angiosperms: a driving force of terpene diversity
Authors: Wang Qi , Jiang Jie , Liang Yuwei , Li Shanshan , Xia Yiping , Zhang Liangsheng , Wang Xiuyun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Angiosperms are prolific producers of structurally diverse terpenes, which are essential for plant defense responses, as well as the formation of floral scents, fruit flavors, and medicinal constituents. Terpene synthase genes (TPSs) play crucial roles in the biosynthesis of terpenes. This study specifically focuses on the catalytic products of 222 functionally characterized TPSs in 24 angiosperms, which mainly comprise monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and sesterterpene. Our systematic analysis of these TPSs uncovered a significant expansion of the angiosperm-specific TPS-a, b, and g subfamilies in comparison to the TPS-e/f and c subfamilies. The expanded subfamilies can be further partitioned into distinct branches, within which considerable functional innovation and diversification have been observed. Numerous TPSs exhibit bifunctional or even trifunctional activities in vitro, yet they exhibit only a single activity in vivo, which may be largely determined by their inherent properties, subcellular localization, and the availabilities of endogenous substrates. Additionally, we explored the biological functions of terpenes in various organs and tissues of angiosperms. We propose that the expansion and functional divergence of TPSs contribute to the adaptability and diversity of angiosperms, facilitating the production of a broad spectrum of terpenes that enable diverse interactions with the environment and other organisms. Our findings provide a foundation for comprehending the correlation between the evolutionary features of TPSs and the diversity of terpenes in angiosperms, which is significant for terpene biosynthesis research.
The place of memory: Bildung in the North American African diaspora
Authors: Bartolucci Noemi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between place and Bildung, in the context of the North American African diaspora. In the process it raises questions of identity and the troubled concept of America itself, and the fatefully compromised roots of this modern democracy (‘We the People!’—but which people are we?). It begins by elaborating on the central concepts of place and Bildung in light of the classic formulations of Heidegger and the more recent critical discussions of the humanist geographer Edward Relph. The development of the idea of Bildung has connected substantially with the literary form of the novel, and experiments in the novel have shaped and reshaped the understanding of what Bildung can mean. Hence, the strands of thought I have established are brought to bear, in the latter part of the article, on a consideration of one of the outstanding 20th-century Bildungsromane by a Black author, Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man. My discussion of Ellison is intertwined with reflections on William James Booth’s ‘The Color of Memory’—which deals more explicitly with the violence of self-formation in North American colonial contexts—generating thoughts that I thematize in relation to visibility. Consideration of the novel enables an exploration of the themes of insideness and outsideness, and hence, of alienation, as well as reflection on new ways of thinking and being, in which the relation between Bildung and place are altered and in some respects weakened.
Petersen’s space hernia as an immediate complication in a patient undergoing gastric bypass: a case report
Authors: Michel Macareno Alberto , Cobos Román Johanna Betzabe , Michel Esparza Rafael , Gil Gamez Jesús Antonio , Medina Estrada Ariana , Esparza Estrada Isaac 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Petersen’s space hernias are common internal hernias following laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery, occurring when intestinal loops protrude through the space between the mesentery of the alimentary limb and the transverse mesocolon. A 43-year-old female with a history of hypertension underwent a revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass due to weight regain and severe gastroesophageal reflux disease. Postoperatively, she developed abdominal pain, and an urgent diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, revealing a nearly complete herniation of the alimentary limb through Petersen’s mesenteric defect. Based on these findings, an urgent laparotomy was subsequently performed to reduce the herniated bowel and close the defect. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged without complications. Despite the closure of Petersen’s mesenteric defect, vigilance for hernia remains crucial due to the risk of severe complications. Advances in preventive techniques show promise, but prompt diagnosis and intervention are essential for improving patient outcomes.
Diagnosing Psychiatry
Authors: Aftab Awais , Frances Allen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Allen Frances, MD, is Professor Emeritus and former Chair of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Duke University School of Medicine. He was Chairman of the DSM-IV Task Force and a member of the leadership group for DSM-III and DSM-III-R. He is the author of Saving Normal (Mariner Books, 2013) and Essentials of Psychiatric Diagnosis (The Guilford Press, 2013). Frances has made an impassioned plea to curb diagnostic inflation in psychiatry and recognize the harms of medicalization of ordinary life. During the development of DSM-5, he emerged as the leading psychiatric critic of the manual’s revision process from within the psychiatric community. He used this as an opportunity to generate a collective discussion on clinical, philosophical, and scientific issues pertaining to psychiatric diagnosis and classification, which are explored in this interview.
The Structure of Psychiatric Revolutions
Authors: Aftab Awais , Harrington Anne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Franklin L. Ford Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Anne Harrington, DPhil, is the Franklin L. Ford Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University, Director of Undergraduate Studies in History of Science, and Faculty Dean of Pforzheimer House, a resident community of Harvard College. Her 2019 book Mind Fixers (W. W. Norton & Company) explores the history of psychiatry’s tumultuous search for the biological foundations of mental illness. Harrington offers a stimulating and thought-provoking historical perspective on the evolution of ‘biological psychiatry’ from the German histopathologists to the present time, and teases out the implications of this history for the future of psychiatry. All this is discussed in the interview, where she also makes a case for pluralism and power-sharing in the mental health field.
Sense-Making and the Enactive Turn in Psychiatry
Authors: Aftab Awais , de Haan Sanneke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sanneke de Haan, PhD, is Socrates Professor of Psychiatry and Philosophy at Erasmus University Rotterdam and Senior Researcher at Tilburg University, The Netherlands, working in philosophy of psychiatry. Her philosophical work has focused on the nature of psychiatric disorders, the existential dimension of psychiatry, and patients’ experiences and perspectives. She is the author of Enactive Psychiatry (Cambridge University Press, 2020). De Haan applies insights from enactivism to conceptualize and navigate the immensely complicated factors that contribute to psychiatric disorders, and conceptualizes psychiatric disorders as disorders of sense-making. This interview offers an introduction to the enactive framework, its application to psychiatry and mental disorders, the difference between psychiatric and neurological disorders, organizational causality, and the relationship between the experiential and the physiological.
From Classic and Critical to Integrative Psychiatry
Authors: Aftab Awais , Stein Dan J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, DPhil, is Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychiatry at University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, South Africa. He has been interested in psychiatric research and philosophical writing since the early days of his training and has worked extensively in this area. In 2008, he brought together his interests in psychopharmacology and philosophy in Philosophy of Psychopharmacology (Cambridge University Press, 2008) and he has further extended his work in philosophy with the publication of Problems of Living: Perspectives from Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Cognitive-Affective Science (Academic Press, 2021). This interview explores his integrative approach to psychiatry and psychopharmacology, the influence of critical realism, the role of explanatory pluralism, and the use of metaphors in psychiatry.
Psychiatry and the Shores of Social Construction
Authors: Aftab Awais , Timimi Sami 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sami Timimi, MD, is a consultant child and adolescent psychiatrist in the UK National Health Service and Visiting Professor of Child Psychiatry and Mental Health Improvement at University of Lincoln. He has authored, co-authored, and co-edited numerous books, including Liberatory Psychiatry: Philosophy, Politics and Mental Health (co-edited with Carl Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 2008) and Insane Medicine (Kindle Direct Publishing, 2021). Timimi is among the fiercest critics of psychiatric diagnoses and the medical model in psychiatry (especially child psychiatry, his own area of specialization). Over the years he and his colleagues have argued that psychiatric conditions in their very nature reach beyond the brain to involve sociocultural dimensions and cannot be adequately understood through the epistemology of biomedicine. This interview explores his clinical approach to mental health problems, his views on the nature of psychiatric conditions, and the medical identity of psychiatry.
Palliative and Advance Care Planning in Dementia
Authors: Nagarajan Adithy S. , Donley Brian , Garcia-Pittman Erica C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the role of palliative care and advance care planning in dementia. Palliative care is appropriate even in early dementia, with unique concerns and considerations at each stage as the condition progresses. This chapter also discusses advance care planning in people with dementia, an important but challenging and under-utilized process to help people voice their future healthcare preferences. Patient-centered and clinician-centered barriers to implementation of advance care planning are reviewed. Dementia-specific advance directives can help guide clinicians, patients, and families in discussing these difficult topics. Finally, this chapter provides practical recommendations and tools to facilitate engagement in advance care planning.
Conflict of Interest
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract:A practitioner’s conflict of interest is a situation in which their personal interests may negatively impact the quality of patient care. Patients have the right to be informed of conflicts of interest to make informed decisions about their healthcare treatment. Practitioners must prioritize the patient’s welfare above their own interests and avoid engaging in activities that may create conflicts of interest, such as fee-splitting, self-referral, or providing care to themselves or their friends and family. Conflict of interest can arise from various sources, such as fee-for-service structures, company gifts, and personal relationships. The practitioner must recuse themself from any activity where a conflict of interest exists and disclose the conflict to those affected.
Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: The United States has state-mandated reporting requirements for incidents such as gunshot wounds and child/elder abuse. Practitioners have a legal obligation to report such incidents, and failure to do so is a Class A misdemeanor. There is some concern about the impact of mandatory reporting on various aspects of the patient–practitioner relationship, including patient autonomy, the practitioner’s ethical principles of beneficence (do good) and nonmaleficence (do no harm), and public policy of justice. It is argued that mandatory reporting laws are part of the patient–practitioner social contract and are necessary for public safety and justice. However, they may have unintended consequences, such as deterring individuals from seeking healthcare. Practitioners must disclose their reporting obligations to patients and only provide the minimum amount of information necessary to authorized personnel. Interference by law enforcement in treating a patient in a healthcare emergency is not permissible.
Palliative Care
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract:Palliative care is a healthcare approach that focuses on improving the quality of life and reducing the suffering of patients and families facing life-threatening illnesses. It is a recognized subspecialty of the healthcare profession and involves interprofessional collaboration and advanced care planning. The core principles of palliative care include patient autonomy (informed consent), beneficence (do good), nonmaleficence (do no harm), and justice (be fair). The aim of palliative care is to provide patient-centered care that maximizes the patient’s best interests in accordance with the patient’s reasonable goals, values, and priorities. Palliative care solves the challenge of end-of-life care and helps address healthcare disparities caused by technological advancements in the healthcare field.
Product Sales
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: There is a tension between the capitalistic doctrine of caveat emptor (let the buyer beware) and the healthcare profession’s patient-centered maxim of “patient’s best interests.” The sale of products by practitioners is considered a conflict of interest and is regulated legally, professionally, and ethically because it threatens the patient–practitioner relationship and public trust in the healthcare profession. The American College of Physicians Ethics Manual and the American Medical Association Code of Medical Ethics highlight concerns about financial conflicts of interest, patient trust erosion, and product sales’ ethical implications. The federal physician self-referral law (Stark law) prohibits practitioners from referring patients to receive designated health services payable by Medicare or Medicaid from entities with which the practitioner or an immediate family member has a financial relationship.
Triage
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Triage in medicine refers to sorting and prioritizing patients based on the severity of their healthcare conditions and available resources. Triage originates from the French word trier, meaning to sort or select. In some instances, treatment has been provided to those who would recover quickly to get back to their responsibilities, whereas in others, treatment has been given to patients in need of life-saving measures. However, the practitioner has a professional duty to prioritize their patient’s healthcare interests before those of any other individual, making it necessary for triage decisions to be socially determined by public policy, not the practitioner. To promote transparency, understanding, trust, and acceptance while ensuring justice and protecting vulnerable populations, public policy should determine triage policy decisions. The practitioner’s prime directive should always be patient-centered healthcare that promotes the patient’s best interests.
Suicide prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: Cultural considerations and opportunities to advance research and practice
Authors: Bantjes Jason , Breet Elsie , Kagee Ashraf , Stein Dan J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a lack of data to enable context-sensitive and culturally informed suicide prevention strategies in sub-Saharan Africa. This chapter explores contextual and cultural factors which have an important bearing on suicide prevention in sub-Saharan Africa, and describes the opportunities for potential collaboration across the region to advance research and practice of culturally informed suicide prevention. The chapter argues for the establishment of a suicide prevention research network in the region to: establish a reliable suicide surveillance system; explore culturally situated meanings of suicide; identify high-risk groups within populations of migrants and refugees; investigate how traditional healers, religious leaders, and other non-professionals can be included in suicide prevention strategies; examine how processes such as urbanization and contexts such as living in an urban slum increase suicide risk; investigate the links between infectious diseases and suicide; and test culturally informed suicide prevention interventions.
Suicidal behaviour and sociocultural factors among immigrants of Turkish origin in Germany
Authors: Eylem-van Bergeijk Özlem , Eskin Mehmet 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Turkish migrant populations are at an elevated risk of suicidal behaviours compared to their native counterparts in Europe and Germany. In particular, young Turkish women aged between 15 and 24 years seem to be at high risk of suicide in Eastern Turkey and Germany. This chapter aims to further the current understanding of social and cultural risks and precipitating factors for suicidal behaviours among Turkish migrants in Germany. The chapter outlines risk and precipitating factors in the research on suicidal behaviours among Turkish populations in Europe and Turkey. Additionally, how identified risk and precipitating factors lead to suicidal behaviours is discussed in the context of religion and migration. Finally, the chapter summarizes the gaps in the existing evidence base. It highlights the promising role of anti-stigma and e-mental interventions, customized to their needs and expectations, in preventing, caring, and treating suicidal behaviours.