bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change will increase the potential conflict between skiing and high‐elevation bird species in the Alps
Authors: Brambilla Mattia , Pedrini Paolo , Rolando Antonio , Chamberlain Dan E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo assess the extent of the possible future conflict between skiing and biodiversity driven by climate change, human adaptation and species' distribution shifts.LocationItalian Alps.MethodsWe assessed the extent of the possible future conflict between skiing and biodiversity by predicting locations likely to be suitable for both skiing and for high‐elevation birds in the Italian Alps by modelling ski‐piste and species presence in relation to climate, topography and habitat. Potential conflict was assessed by comparing the overlap of areas projected as suitable for skiing and those suitable for four high‐elevation bird species under different scenarios of climate change for the year 2050.ResultsAreas suitable for both ski‐pistes and birds were projected to contract towards upper elevations, which for birds resulted in an average decrease of 58–67% of suitable area. The degree of overlap between species and skiing was projected to increase, especially for the most valuable sites, that is, those hosting the most species, or the most threatened species.Main conclusionsGiven the alarming range contractions forecast for high‐elevation species, and the potential impact of ski‐pistes on those species, it is essential to safeguard high‐mountain grasslands against negative effects of ski development. An effective conservation strategy at a landscape scale needs to consider prevention of ski‐piste construction in sites of high conservation value. The approach developed here provides a means by which such a strategy could be formulated, and which could be potentially applied elsewhere to investigate the effect of human adaptation on biodiversity.
Genetic polymorphism of the Nrf2 promoter region is associated with vitiligo risk in Han Chinese populations
Authors: Song Pu , Li Kai , Liu Ling , Wang Xiaowen , Jian Zhe , Zhang Weigang , Wang Gang , Li Chunying , Gao Tianwen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe nuclear factor erythroid‐derived two‐like 2‐antioxidant response element (Nrf2‐ARE) pathway and its downstream antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase‐1 (HMOX1 or HO‐1) play essential roles in H2O2‐induced oxidative damage in human melanocytes. However, the link between Nrf2 promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to oxidative stress‐related diseases such as vitiligo is unknown. This study evaluated the association of the Nrf2 and HO‐1 genes polymorphisms with vitiligo susceptibility. In this case–control study of 1136 Han Chinese vitiligo patients and 1200 controls, Nrf2 (rs35652124 and rs6721961) and HO‐1 (rs2071746) genes were genotyped by PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Overall, a significantly decreased risk of vitiligo was found to be associated with Nrf2 rs35652124 CC and combined (CT+CC) genotypes [odds ratio (OR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–0.83 and OR, 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–0.99, respectively], as well as among subgroups: female, onset age ≤20 and never smoker. We subsequently found that Nrf2 rs35652124 C allele had higher transcriptional activity in the luciferase reporter assay compared with Nrf2 rs35652124 T allele. Furthermore, we investigated serum HO‐1 activity was associated with the rs35652124 CT+CC genotype and lower in patients than in controls (P = 0.024). Logistic regression analysis showed a dose–response relationship between lower vitiligo risk and increased HO‐1 activity in rs35652124 CT+CC genotype carriers (Ptrend < 0.05). These findings indicate that the C allele of rs35652124 located in the promoter region of Nrf2 gene is associated with protective effect on vitiligo in a Han Chinese population.
A comparison of the caring behaviours of nursing students and registered nurses: implications for nursing education
Authors: Li Yuh‐Shiow , Yu Wen‐Pin , Yang Bao‐Huan , Liu Chin‐Fang 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesTo compare the respective views of nursing students and registered nurses on caring behaviours.BackgroundResearch has indicated that nursing includes not only technical skills and professional knowledge but also the expression of care. In addition to nursing care, nurses demonstrate the acts of supporting, negotiating, reinforcing and transforming. However, little research simultaneously investigates the caring behaviours of nursing students and registered nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted.MethodsA total of 657 subjects participated in this study. The research tool was a self‐administered structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, one‐way analysis of variance, t‐test and chi‐square test.ResultsThe results showed that the most important caring behaviour is ‘knowing the patient’, while the least is ‘advocating for the patient’, which includes caring behaviours to respect the patient's and family's best interests, and voicing for them, possibly because this behaviour is more difficult for nurses to practice in the Taiwanese culture. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the caring behaviours between nursing students and registered nurses. However, age was found to be a significant difference in the caring behaviours of nursing students and registered nurses.ConclusionCaring behaviour is essential in clinical practice. Based on the results, this study suggested that role models should be provided to nursing students to develop proper caring behaviours. Nursing faculty can boost nursing students’ interests in learning caring behaviours by incorporating diverse teaching strategies to enhance the effectiveness of caring behaviours.Relevance to clinical practiceMuch attention should be focused on education about awareness of caring behaviour for both nursing students and nursing staff. This study addressed that nursing administrators and faculty members should emphasise the importance of the essence of caring. Consequently, nursing curricula and training of nurses need to be concerned with implementing caring behaviour in clinical practice.
Quality of life and its influence on clinical competence among nurses: a self‐reported study
Authors: Cruz Jonas Preposi 
Published: May 2016

Aim and objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the quality of life and its influence on self‐reported clinical competence among nurses.BackgroundOver the years, various studies have focused on the competence of nurses in clinical settings, indicating the paramount importance placed on ensuring superior levels of competence among nurses. The nature of the work in this profession is both stressful and challenging, which can pose a threat to the nurses and may impact their quality of life. Low quality of life may affect the quality of services that nurses are duty bound to provide to their patients.MethodsA convenience sample of 163 staff nurses was surveyed in this descriptive, cross‐sectional study using the RAND 36‐Item Health Survey 1·0, and the Nurse Competence Scale, with which to gather the data. Multivariate multiple regression and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among variables.ResultsA majority of the respondents were married, females, holding a bachelor's degree and with ≥7 years of clinical experience. The respondents reported the highest mean score for quality of life in the ‘role limitation due to emotional problems’ dimension, whereas ‘vitality’ dimension received the lowest. A very good competence in all the categories measured for clinical competence was also reported. ‘Managing situation’ received the highest score among the dimensions of clinical competence, whereas ‘ensuring quality’ received the lowest. Number of years of clinical experience, educational level, marital status, ‘role limitation due to emotional problems’, ‘emotional well‐being’, ‘social functioning’ and ‘physical functioning’ were identified as key factors that were likely to influence clinical competence.ConclusionsImproved quality of life may possibly affect the level of competence of staff nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceEnsuring good quality of life among nurses is underscored. Efforts to enhance quality of life of nurses should be initiated to ensure high quality of care. Resultant findings should be taken into account by nurse managers when planning programmes and activities for improvement of competence among nurses.
INNOVATION POLICY: RATIONALES, LESSONS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Fagerberg Jan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInnovation policy has emerged as a new field of economic policy during the last few decades. This paper explores the rationales for national innovation policies, as laid out in the existing literature on the subject, and considers what the lessons and challenges for theory and practice in this area are. Innovation policy attempts to influence innovation activity, often with the purpose of increasing economic growth. But it can also have more specific aims such as preventing unwarranted climate change, improving national health, and so on. The increasing attention given to innovation policy at the national level from the 1990s onwards went hand in hand with the development of a new, systemic understanding of innovation, which in a better way than before accounted for the ‘stylised facts’ of innovation activity as identified by empirical work. The system approach, as the paper shows, came to have a significant influence on the subsequent policy discourse. Drawing on recent advances in innovation‐systems theory, a synthetic framework for the analysis of innovation policy is developed and used to highlight issues of particular relevance for the conduct of innovation policy and future scholarly work in this area.
Subjective food intake ability related to oral health‐related quality of life and psychological health
Authors: Choi S.‐H. , Kim J.‐S. , Cha J.‐Y. , Lee K.‐J. , Yu H.‐S. , Hwang C.‐J. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryReduced food intake ability can restrict an individual's choice of foods and might have a significant impact on the individual's quality of life and mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between self‐reported masticatory ability and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQOL) and psychological health. The study included 72 (26 men, 46 women) adults with a mean age of 26·4 ± 8·6 years. Each participant completed the key subjective food intake ability (KFIA) test for five key foods, the Korean version of the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14K) and three questionnaires for measuring anxiety, depression and self‐esteem. The participants were distributed into two groups by sex (a mean age of 23·9 ± 5·2 for men and 27·9 ± 9·8 for women) and by the median KFIA score. There were no significant differences in any of the variables according to sex. Thirty‐two participants (12 men, 20 women) in the lower KFIA group had a higher total OHIP‐14K (P < 0·001) and depression level (P < 0·05) than the 40 participants (14 men, 26 women) in the higher KFIA group. As the KFIA decreased, OHRQOL worsened (P < 0·001) and depression increased (P < 0·05). Participants with lower KFIA scores were more than 4·3 times as likely as to have a poor OHRQOL than the reference group (odds ratio, 4·348; 95% confidence interval, 1·554–12·170, P < 0·01). Lower subjective food intake ability is associated with a poor oral health‐related quality of life and higher depression level.
Species diversity of the genus Osmundea (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) in the Macaronesian region
Authors: Machín‐Sánchez María , Rousseau Florence , Le Gall Line , Cassano Valéria , Neto Ana I. , Sentíes Abel , T. Fujii Mutue , Gil‐Rodríguez María Candelaria 
Published: May 2016

Species diversity within the genus Osmundea in the Macaronesian region was explored by conducting a comprehensive sampling in the Azores, the Canary, and the Madeira archipelagos. Toward identification, all specimens were first observed alive to verify the absence of corps en cerise, a diagnostic character for the genus and morphometric data were measured (thallus length and width, first‐order branches length and width, branchlets length and width, cortical cell length and width in surface view, cortical cell length and width in transverse section). Specimens were sequenced for COI‐5P (39 specimens) and three species delimitation methods (Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery method, and Poisson Tree Processes) were used to assess the threshold between infra‐ and interspecific relationships. Subsequently, one or several sequences of plastid‐encoded large subunit of RuBisCO (21 specimens) per delimited species were generated to assess the phylogenetic relationships among Macaronesian Osmundea. Moreover, for each delineated species, vegetative and reproductive anatomy was thoroughly documented and, when possible, specimens were either assigned to existing taxa or described as novel species. This integrative approach has provided data for (i) the presence of O. oederi, O. pinnatifida, and O. truncata in Macaronesia; (ii) the proposal of two novel species, O. prudhommevanreinei sp. nov. and O. silvae sp. nov.; and (iii) evidence of an additional species referred as “Osmundea sp.1,” which is a sister taxon of O. hybrida.
Safe sleep for pediatric inpatients
Authors: Geyer Janet E. , Smith Penny K. , Kair Laura R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo improve sleep environment safety for inpatient infants.Design and MethodsThis quality improvement project involved assessment of sleep environment safety for inpatient infants before and after a bundled intervention of staff education and introduction of swaddle sacks and bedside storage bins.ResultsThe proportion of infant cribs without loose objects in them increased (32–72%, p = .025), and safe sleep positioning remained stable (82% vs. 95%, p = .183).Practice ImplicationsStaff education, swaddle sleep sacks, and bedside storage containers were associated with improved sleep safety among pediatric inpatients at our institution and may help at other institutions.
How plot shape and spatial arrangement affect plant species richness counts: implications for sampling design and rarefaction analyses
Authors: Güler Behlül , Jentsch Anke , Apostolova Iva , Bartha Sándor , Bloor Juliette M.G. , Campetella Giandiego , Canullo Roberto , Házi Judit , Kreyling Jürgen , Pottier Julien , Szabó Gábor , Terziyska Tsvetelina , Uğurlu Emin , Wellstein Camilla , Zimmermann Zita , Dengler Jürgen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuestionsHow does the spatial configuration of sampling units influence recorded plant species richness values at small spatial scales? What are the consequences of these findings for sampling methodology and rarefaction analyses?LocationSix semi‐natural grasslands in Western Eurasia (France, Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Turkey).MethodsIn each site we established six blocks of 40 cm × 280 cm, subdivided into 5 cm × 5 cm micro‐quadrats, on which we recorded vascular plant species presence with the rooted (all sites) and shoot (four sites) presence method. Data of these micro‐quadrats were then combined to achieve larger sampling units of 0.01, 0.04 and 0.16 m² grain size with six different spatial configurations (square, 4:1 rectangle, 16:1 rectangle, three variants of discontiguous randomly placed micro‐quadrats). The effect of the spatial configurations on species richness was quantified as relative richness compared to the mean richness of the square of the same surface area.ResultsSquare sampling units had significantly lower species richness than other spatial configurations in all countries. For 4:1 and 16:1 rectangles, the increase of rooted richness was on average about 2% and 8%, respectively. In contrast, the average richness increase for discontiguous configurations was 7%, 17% and 40%. In general, increases were higher with shoot presence than with rooted presence. Overall, the patterns of richness increase were highly consistent across six countries, three grain sizes and two recording methods.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the shape of sampling units has negligible effects on species richness values when the length–width ratio is up to 4:1, and the effects remain small even for more elongated contiguous configurations. In contrast, results from discontiguous sampling units are not directly comparable with those of contiguous sampling units, and are strongly confounded by spatial extent. This is particularly problematic for rarefaction studies where spatial extent is often not controlled for. We suggest that the concept of effective area is a useful tool to report effects of spatial configuration on richness values, and introduce species–extent relationships (SERs) to describe richness increases of different spatial configurations of sampling units.
Searching for calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions in cometary particles with Rosetta/COSIMA
Authors: Paquette John A. , Engrand Cecile , Stenzel Oliver , Hilchenbach Martin , Kissel Jochen ,   the COSIMA Team
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs) found in chondritic meteorites are probably the oldest solar system solids, dating back to 4567.30 ± 0.16 million years ago. They are thought to have formed in the protosolar nebula within a few astronomical units of the Sun, and at a temperature of around 1300 K. The Stardust mission found evidence of CAI‐like material in samples recovered from comet Wild 2. The appearance of CAIs in comets, which are thought to be formed at lower temperatures and larger distances from the Sun, is only explicable if some mechanism allows the efficient transfer of such objects from the inner solar nebula to the outer solar nebula. Such mechanisms have been proposed such as an X‐wind or turbulence. In this work, particles collected from within the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko are examined for compositional evidence of the presence of CAIs. COSIMA (the Cometary Secondary Ion Mass Analyzer) uses secondary ion mass spectrometry to analyze the composition of cometary dust captured on metal targets. While CAIs can have a radius of centimeters, they are more typically a few hundred microns in size, and can be smaller than 1 μm, so it is conceivable that particles visible on COSIMA targets (ranging in size from about 10 μm to hundreds of microns) could contain CAIs. Using a peak fitting technique, the composition of a set of 13 particles was studied, looking for material rich in both calcium and aluminum. One such particle was found.
A practical guide to the oral microbiome and its relation to health and disease
Authors: Krishnan K , Chen T , Paster BJ 
Published: May 2016

The oral microbiome is incredibly complex with the average adult harboring about 50–100 billion bacteria in the oral cavity, which represent about 200 predominant bacterial species. Collectively, there are approximately 700 predominant taxa of which less than one‐third still have not yet been grown in vitro. Compared to other body sites, the oral microbiome is unique and readily accessible. There is extensive literature available describing the oral microbiome and discussing the roles that bacteria may play in oral health and disease. However, the purpose of this review is not to rehash these detailed studies but rather to educate the reader with understanding the essence of the oral microbiome, namely that there are abundant bacteria in numbers and types, that there are molecular methods to rapidly determine bacterial associations, that there is site specificity for colonization of the host, that there are specific associations with oral health and disease, that oral bacteria may serve as biomarkers for non‐oral diseases, and that oral microbial profiles may have potential use to assess disease risk.
The impact of social constraints on adjustment following a romantic breakup
Authors: HARVEY ABBY B. , KARPINSKI ANDREW 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFollowing a romantic breakup, people often seek opportunities to talk with close others. Although talking with others may prove helpful for some, the social‐cognitive processing (SCP) model posits that interpersonal interactions can hinder adjustment if disclosers perceive social constraints. The current research marked the first time the SCP model was explored with regard to the dissolution of romantic relationships (N = 217). Consistent with the SCP model, social constraints were associated with greater psychological distress, and avoidance of dissolution‐related thoughts and discussion partially mediated the relation between social constraints and psychological distress as levels of social support decreased. Social support may provide a buffer against engaging in avoidance behaviors in response to feeling socially constrained.
Metabolomic strategies for aquaculture research: a primer
Authors: Young Tim , Alfaro Andrea C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMetabolomics is a fast‐evolving field that provides qualitative and quantitative analyses of metabolites within cells, tissues or biofluids. Recent applications of metabolomics approaches in aquaculture research have highlighted the huge potential for solving problems within all aspects of the production line, from hatchery production to post‐harvest quality control. To assist with the growing application of metabolomics in aquaculture research, this contribution provides a review of techniques and steps necessary to conduct metabolomics research, from experimental design to data interpretation. Specifically, we target scientists who are new to the field of metabolomics, and we offer simple, but comprehensive steps and strategies to conduct this type of research. We conclude this primer with some advice on how to access relevant expertise and facilities for metabolomics‐based aquaculture research.
Showcasing metabolomic applications in aquaculture: a review
Authors: Alfaro Andrea C. , Young Tim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAquaculture production is currently challenged to meet the growing demands for seafood protein throughout the world. To achieve this growth in an efficient, safe and sustainable manner, novel tools and applications will need to be incorporated at each step of the production line. A variety of ‘omics’ (e.g. transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) applications have already begun to emerge in aquaculture research with extreme success. A promising new ‘omics’ approach is metabolomics, which aims to use metabolite profiles to identify biomarkers indicative of physiological responses of living samples (e.g. whole organism, tissues, cells) to environmental or culture conditions. One of the benefits of this approach is that it uses a broad scan of biological conditions to identify often unexpected problem or risk areas upon which to focus management attention. In this contribution, we have selected relevant research examples to showcase the applications of metabolomics in aquaculture in four major areas: hatchery production, nutrition and diet, disease and immunology, and post‐harvest quality control. The novelty of this approach is highlighted by the fact that we cite the majority of published papers in this field, and they are all recent (within the last decade) contributions.