bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal Association of Rheumatoid Arthritis With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Genetic Evidence From Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Wang Yixiao , Zhang Fengyuan , Xu Li , Ji Xiaohong , Wang Shanshan , Shen Xiao , Chen Haiyan , Jiang Shengyuan , Wu Chengqian , Chen Min , Yu Hong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough the association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes has been well‐studied, the association between serum antibody levels in patients with RA and multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been conclusively demonstrated. Here, we comprehensively assessed the causal impact of RA, serologic antibody‐positive RA (pRA), and serologic antibody‐negative RA (nRA) on the risk of 14 adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThe causal impact of RA, pRA, and nRA on 14 adverse pregnancy outcomes was comprehensively assessed using two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Evidence maps based on the results of these two‐sample MR analyses were developed. Data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen databases were utilized for this analysis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) test was employed as the primary method to estimate causality. “TwoSampleMR” and “MR‐PRESSO” packages were used for data analysis in this study.ResultsUsing two‐sample MR analysis, we found a significant positive causal association between RA and increased risk of cesarean section (p = 0.003), gestational hypertension (p < 0.001), number of spontaneous miscarriages (p = 0.041), preeclampsia (p = 0.008), premature rupture of membranes (p = 0.030), and preterm (p = 0.010). pRA had a significant positive causal association with an increased risk of cesarean section (p = 0.012), gestational hypertension (p < 0.001), preeclampsia (p = 0.002), and preterm (p = 0.007). A significant positive causal association was also established between nRA and gestational hypertension (p = 0.010), the number of spontaneous miscarriages (p = 0.024), and placental abruption (p = 0.027). In addition, we found a causal association between nRA and birth weight (p = 0.007), but not between RA and pRA and birth weight.ConclusionThe results of this study have important implications for the individualized treatment of RA patients, especially those with positive serum antibody levels.
E kaua e hoki i te waewae tūtuki, ā, apā anō hei te ūpoko pakaru – a systematic review of neurosurgical disease and care for Māori in New Zealand
Authors: Mauriohooho Maiea , Tuhoe Jason , Harwood Matire , Rahiri Jamie‐Lee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) Te Rautaki Māori cites the need for more research dedicated to health equity in surgery for Māori. However, the gaps in research for Māori in surgery have not yet been highlighted. This review is the first in a series of reviews named Te Ara Pokanga that seeks to identify these gaps over all nine surgical specialties. The aim of this study was to assess neurosurgical disease incidence and perioperative outcomes for Māori at any point from referral through to the postoperative period.MethodsA systematic review of Māori neurosurgical disease and care for Māori in NZ was performed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement assisted study selection and reporting. Kaupapa Māori (Māori‐centred) research methodology and the Māori Framework were utilized to evaluate Māori research responsiveness.ResultsNine studies were included in this review. All studies were retrospective cohort studies and only two studies had at least one Māori clinical or academic expert named on their research team. Therefore, only one study was deemed responsive to Māori. Studies assessing long‐term outcomes from the management of neurosurgical disease for Māori and patient and whānau experiences of neurosurgical care are lacking.ConclusionThis study indicates the limited scope of research conducted for Māori in neurosurgery. The broader clinical implications of this review highlight the need for good quality research to investigate access to and long‐term outcomes from the management of neurosurgical disease for Māori.
Attitudes towards statistics and statistical performance: A mediation model of statistics anxiety and academic procrastination
Authors: Lethbridge Lindsy E. , Marshall Alex D. , Jauch Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudents often harbour negative attitudes towards research methods and statistics courses, and such attitudes may be associated with harmful cognitive and behavioural responses. Research on these effects has been restricted to the investigation of direct links between attitudes towards statistics, statistics anxiety, academic procrastination, and course performance.AimsThis study sought to examine the interconnected impact of attitudes towards statistics, statistics anxiety, and procrastination, on course performance in a cohesive model. It was predicted that attitudes towards statistics would indirectly affect statistical performance via statistics anxiety and procrastination in a sequential manner.SampleThe sample comprised 171 undergraduate psychology students from Australian universities.MethodsAn online questionnaire collected information on participant demographics, attitudes towards statistics, statistics anxiety, procrastinatory behaviours, and performance in participants most recently completed statistics course. Data were collected cross‐sectionally. All responses were anonymous.ResultsA sequential mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of statistics anxiety and procrastination, controlling for age and gender. The results showed that more negative attitudes towards statistics are associated with greater statistics anxiety, which is in turn associated with greater procrastination, and finally with lower statistical performance.ConclusionsIt was concluded that students who view their statistics courses as a threatening experience may fail to see value in their statistical education, which is associated with heightened statistics anxiety, increased avoidance of course‐related activities, and in turn poorer course performance. Practical implications of the findings are also discussed.
Incorrigible inflammation
Authors: Ariffin Hany 
Published: September 2024

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) that occurs concomitantly with leukaemia can be initially missed due to overlapping clinical features. In a series of three cases, Tanabe and colleagues illustrate the need for prompt recognition of HLH and institution of HLH‐directed therapy to prevent hyperinflammation‐mediated multi‐organ damage and death.Commentary on: Tanabe et al. Paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia‐associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis develops during prednisolone prephase. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:2031‐2035.
EBPVis: Visual Analytics of Economic Behavior Patterns in a Virtual Experimental Environment
Authors: Liu Yuhua , Ma Yuming , Shi Qing , Wen Jin , Zheng Wanjun , Yue Xuanwu , Ye Hang , Chen Wei , Meng Yuwei , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExperimental economics is an important branch of economics to study human behaviours in a controlled laboratory setting or out in the field. Scientific experiments are conducted in experimental economics to collect what decisions people make in specific circumstances and verify economic theories. As a significant couple of variables in the virtual experimental environment, decisions and outcomes change with the subjective factors of participants and objective circumstances, making it a difficult task to capture human behaviour patterns and establish correlations to verify economic theories. In this paper, we present a visual analytics system, EBPVis, which enables economists to visually explore human behaviour patterns and faithfully verify economic theories, e.g. the vicious cycle of poverty and poverty trap. We utilize a Doc2Vec model to transform the economic behaviours of participants into a vectorized space according to their sequential decisions, where frequent sequences can be easily perceived and extracted to represent human behaviour patterns. To explore the correlation between decisions and outcomes, an Outcome View is designed to display the outcome variables for behaviour patterns. We also provide a Comparison View to support an efficient comparison between multiple behaviour patterns by revealing their differences in terms of decision combinations and time‐varying profits. Moreover, an Individual View is designed to illustrate the outcome accumulation and behaviour patterns of subjects. Case studies, expert feedback and user studies based on a real‐world dataset have demonstrated the effectiveness and practicability of EBPVis in the representation of economic behaviour patterns and certification of economic theories.
Cuproptosis: Mechanisms, biological significance, and advances in disease treatment—A systematic review
Authors: Pan Chengliang , Ji Zhilin , Wang Qingxuan , Zhang Zhao , Wang Zhenchuan , Li Chen , Lu Shan , Ge Pengfei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCopper is an essential trace element for biological systems, as it plays a critical role in the activity of various enzymes and metabolic processes. However, the dysregulation of copper homeostasis is closely associated with the onset and progression of numerous diseases. In recent years, copper‐induced cell death, a novel form of cellular demise, has garnered significant attention. This process is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of intracellular copper ions, leading to cellular dysfunction and eventual cell death. Copper toxicity occurs through the interaction of copper with acylated enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This interaction results in subsequent protein aggregation, causing proteotoxic stress and ultimately resulting in cell death. Despite the promise of these findings, the detailed mechanisms and broader implications of cuproptosis remain underexplored. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the role of copper in cell death and autophagy, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of cuproptosis. We also aimed to discuss recent advancements in copper‐related research across various diseases and tumors, providing insights for future studies and potential therapeutic applications.Main BodyThis review delves into the biological significance of copper metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying copper‐induced cell death. Furthermore, we discuss the role of copper toxicity in the pathogenesis of various diseases, emphasizing recent advancements in the field of oncology. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting copper toxicity.ConclusionThe study highlights the need for further research to explore alternative pathways of copper‐induced cell death, detailed mechanisms of cuproptosis, and biomarkers for copper poisoning. Future research should focus on exploring the molecular mechanisms of cuproptosis, developing new therapeutic strategies, and verifying their safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
Kinesin‐7 CENP‐E mediates centrosome organization and spindle assembly to regulate chromosome alignment and genome stability
Authors: Chen Jie , Wu Shan , He Jie‐Jie , Liu Yu‐Peng , Deng Zhao‐Yang , Fang Han‐Kai , Chen Jian‐Fan , Wei Ya‐Lan , She Zhen‐Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChromosome congression and alignment are essential for cell cycle progression and genomic stability. Kinesin‐7 CENP‐E, a plus‐end‐directed kinesin motor, is required for chromosome biorientation, congression and alignment in cell division. However, it remains unclear how chromosomes are aligned and segregated in the absence of CENP‐E in mitosis. In this study, we utilize the CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing method and high‐throughput screening to establish CENP‐E knockout cell lines and reveal that CENP‐E deletion results in defects in chromosome congression, alignment and segregation, which further promotes aneuploidy and genomic instability in mitosis. Both CENP‐E inhibition and deletion lead to the dispersion of spindle poles, the formation of the multipolar spindle and spindle disorganization, which indicates that CENP‐E is necessary for the organization and maintenance of spindle poles. In addition, CENP‐E heterozygous deletion in spleen tissues also leads to the accumulation of dividing lymphocytes and cell cycle arrest in vivo. Furthermore, CENP‐E deletion also disrupts the localization of key kinetochore proteins and triggers the activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. In summary, our findings demonstrate that CENP‐E promotes kinetochore‐microtubule attachment and spindle pole organization to regulate chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint during cell division.
A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies examining the effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors on peripheral artery disease and risk of amputations
Authors: Geng Li , Sun Bing , Chen Yan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimSodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) are used to maintain glycaemic control as well as for their beneficial cardiovascular and renal effects in diabetes patients. However, increased risk of amputation and peripheral artery disease (PAD) have been observed with the use of some SGLT‐2is. A meta‐analysis was conducted to understand the effect of SGLT‐2is on amputation and PAD events using data from randomized controlled trials (RCT).Materials and MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using Medline and Central databases for RCTs that involved the administration of SGLT‐2is versus placebo/active comparators to diabetic patients. The primary outcome was amputation events and PAD. A random‐effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio, and subgroup analyses was performed.ResultsA total of 51 RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis with data from 97 589 patients. Meta‐analysis of the data showed that there was a significant increase in PAD risk (p = 0.04) but no significant increase in amputation risk with SGLT‐2i use versus placebo/active comparators (p = 0.43). Subgroup analyses demonstrated no significant difference between SGLT‐2i type, duration of treatment or patient risk factors on amputation or PAD incidence. However, length of drug treatment (> 100 weeks) was associated with a significant increase in both PAD and amputation risks in the SGLT‐2i treatment groups.ConclusionsThe results of the meta‐analysis showed no significant association between SGLT‐2i use and PAD and amputation risks in diabetic patients when used for shorter treatment durations.
Understanding the link between intimate partner violence exposure and children's self‐regulation: The mediating role of parenting stress and warmth
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Qingyang , Wang Xiafei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV), affecting approximately 16.3% of U.S. households annually, has detrimental effects on children who witness it, leading to psychological distress, developmental delays, and behavioral issues. Self‐regulation, a critical skill in managing attention, emotions, and behaviors essential for cognitive and social development, may be significantly impacted. The negative associations between mothers' experience of IPV and child self‐regulation necessitate the examination of the underlying mechanisms, particularly during the sensitive period of early childhood. This study utilized longitudinal data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4338) to investigate the mediating pathways linking mothers' experience of IPV (maternal victimization experiences) during infancy with children's self‐regulation at age five. Results suggested that IPV exposure during infancy was longitudinally and negatively associated with children's behavioral and attentional regulation. This association was mediated by elevated parenting stress and decreased maternal warmth. These findings highlight the importance of programs aimed at reducing IPV and supporting mothers affected by IPV, considering their vital roles in nurturing healthy child self‐regulation skills.
How important is studying languages for undergraduate students and why (not) study languages?
Authors: Van Gorp Koen , Uebel Emily Heidrich , Kronenberg Felix A. , Murphy Dianna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines the value undergraduate students (n = 4458) place on proficiency in languages other than English (LOTEs) in terms of their personal interests, major(s), and career plans. Combining quantitative and qualitative analyses of large‐scale survey data, the study further explores the reasons students outline for (not) enrolling in LOTE courses and what would motivate them to enroll in language courses in the future. Results indicate that students attached most value in relation to personal interests, followed by career plans and major. In addition, students' demographics and prior experience with language can also impact their future enrollment decisions. The results suggest that not only should institutions lead the way by emphasizing the importance of learning languages, but also that language programs need to listen to students' voices and help them establish clear links between their academic majors, their future career and study plans as well as their personal interests.
2023 KLEIN LECTURE—CAPITAL AND WAGES
Authors: Acemoglu Daron 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDoes capital accumulation increase labor demand and wages? Neoclassical production functions, where capital and labor are q‐complements, ensure that the answer is yes, so long as labor markets are competitive. This result critically depends on the assumption that capital accumulation does not change the technologies being developed and used. I adapt the theory of endogenous technological change to investigate this question when technology also responds to capital accumulation. I show that there are strong parallels between the relationship between capital and wages and existing results on the conditions under which equilibrium factor demands are upward‐sloping (e.g., Acemoglu, Econometrica 75(5) (2007), 1371–410). Extending this framework, I provide intuitive conditions and simple examples where a greater capital stock leads to lower wages, because it triggers more automation. I then offer an endogenous growth model with a menu of technologies where equilibrium involves choices over both the extent of automation and the rate of growth of labor‐augmenting productivity. In this framework, capital accumulation and technological change in the long run are associated with wage growth, but an increase in the saving rate increases the extent of automation, and initially reduces the wage rate and can subsequently depress its long‐run growth rate.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 4: An Alternative Marker for Plasma Cells in Daratumumab‐Treated Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Yang Suwen , Hu Qianwen , Wang Xiaofen , Qiao Sai , Qi Chao , Jin Hong , Zhong Yuhong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAnti‐CD38 therapeutic modalities (e.g., daratumumab) can impede classical CD38 and CD138 gating use for plasma cell (PC) detection in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with minimal residual disease (MRD). We assessed the applicability of CD229, CD269, and interferon regulatory factor (IRF‐4) for PC detection in MM MRD patients.MethodsBone marrow samples were collected from patients with MM. Through multiparameter flow cytometry, we evaluated the suitability of CD229, CD269, and IRF‐4 for distinguishing PCs from other hematopoietic cells and compared their expression pattern on normal PCs (nPCs) and aberrant PCs (aPCs). We also assessed IRF‐4 expression stability after sample storage under different conditions. A 10‐color MRD antibody panel was used to determine whether IRF‐4 is an alternative primary PC‐gating marker for MM MRD assessment.ResultsIRF‐4 was expressed specifically on all PCs; its mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was highest on PCs among all hematopoietic cells. This MFI did not decrease even after sample storage at 4°C or 25°C for 72 h. In all 42 MRD assessment samples, except for samples (n = 10) with no PCs, the use of IRF‐4 enabled accurate nPC (n = 12), aPC (n = 13), and nPC + aPC (n = 7) identification. Even samples from daratumumab‐treated patients had high IRF‐4 MFI, with no difference between pre‐treatment and post‐treatment (n = 7; p = 0.610).ConclusionsIRF‐4 demonstrates high MFI on PCs, and it is not expressed on other leukocytes. In MM patients with MRD, daratumumab treatment does not affect IRF‐4 expression. IRF‐4 is a promising marker for PC identification in MRD assessment of MM patients undergoing anti‐CD38 therapy.
The immunoregulatory potential of eosinophil subsets
Authors: Noble Sophia‐Louise , Mules Thomas C , Le Gros Graham , Inns Stephen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEosinophils have traditionally been viewed as pathological effector cells primarily involved in antiparasitic and allergic immune reactions; however, it is becoming increasingly apparent that eosinophils are multifaceted leukocytes that contribute to a variety of roles in both health and disease. Recent research shows that eosinophils play important immunoregulatory roles across various tissue sites including the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, lung, liver, heart, muscles, thymus and bone marrow. With recent advances in our knowledge and appreciation of eosinophil immunoregulatory functions at these tissue sites, as well as emerging research demonstrating the existence of distinct subsets of eosinophils, a review of this topic is timely. Although some questions remain regarding eosinophil function and heterogeneity, this review summarizes the contemporary understanding of the immunoregulatory roles of eosinophils across various tissues and discusses the latest research on eosinophil heterogeneity and subsets.
Rethinking EU‐level goals: different strategies to improve national performance toward the European Education Area objectives
Authors: Stumbrienė Dovilė , Ruiz José L. , Sirvent Inmaculada 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe European Education Area strategic framework is the outcome of the continuous construction of European cooperation in education. It sets EU‐level goals for seven indicators, which should be achieved within a given timeframe. Previous researchers have shown that the national capacity of some countries to implement measurement standards can lag behind the ambition of EU‐level goals. This paper aims to propose a benchmarking approach to set country‐specific targets and identify different strategies for improving national performance toward strategic objectives. We proposed a benefit‐of‐doubt approach that incorporates information on EU‐level goals and employed it with the most recent data for 29 European countries. The model solves a bi‐objective problem that imposes two objectives of closeness, namely that between actual performances and targets (effort) and that between targets and EU‐level goals (adjustment). Managers involved in planning may choose the most appropriate plan based on targets common to all countries or others that consider individual circumstances.