bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instrumented bio-inspired cable-driven compliant continuum robot: static modeling and experimental evaluation
Authors: Gautreau Elie , Bonnet Xavier , Laribi Med Amine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnergy efficiency is inherent for autonomous robotic device. Snakes are well known for their ability to low energy consumption when swimming. However, the swimming know-how is poorly understood. Designing a snake robot inspired by snakes as a tool to find out the swimming energy efficiency crucial point will lead to the development of hyper efficient undulating locomotors. In this article, we introduce a four tendons driven continuum robot made of bio-inspired compliant vertebrae to assess the energy consumption of a planar and a spatial snake motion. The tendon-driven continuum robot constitutes the head–neck part of a locomotor snake robot. A static modeling coupled with an optimization method was implemented to generate bio-inspired motions recorded on snake swimming head. A friction model describing the friction between cables and the disks is investigated and compared to a frictionless model. The proposed prototype is equipped with exteroceptive sensors to record motion and proprioceptive sensors to measure cable forces applied at the tip of the robot. Hence, the work of the forces, thus the energy required to execute a trajectory are computed and analyzed. The energy is introduced as a key criterion to assess the swimming motion of a locomotor snake robot.
A model of endogenous education quality: the role of teachers
Authors: Rodrigues Mauro , Souza Danilo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Over the last 40 years, the massive increase in average years of schooling in developing countries was not accompanied by a similar increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. We investigate this apparent disconnect between education and growth by focusing on the role of education quality. We propose an overlapping generations model which features an endogenous tradeoff between quantity and quality of education. A policy that increases average years of schooling then has an ambiguous effect on long-run human capital and GDP per capita. We also consider a quantitative version of the model to understand the Latin American experience between 1970 and 2010.
Optimal fiscal policy in small open economies with habit persistence
Authors: Jung Yongseung 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper sets up a small open economy model with habit persistence in consumption in which distortionary taxation is available in a flexible price environment. In open economy, the habit persistence in consumption aggravates the terms of trade externality, absent in closed economy, calling for more aggressive fiscal policy. While optimal labor income taxes are time-invariant in a closed economy with internal habit, they should be time-varying in an open economy to alleviate the terms of trade externality, even if the intertemporal elasticity of substitution equals the intratemporal elasticity of substitution. In a small open economy composed of households with habit persistence in consumption, households’ decision to gradually adjust their consumption and labor hours intensifies the undesirable terms of trade externality or the terms of trade channel. This generates a time-varying wedge between the efficiency conditions of the Ramsey planner and the market equilibrium conditions, calling for a time-varying taxation which takes into account the intertemporal elasticity of substitution and the intratemporal elasticity of substitution between home and foreign goods, in addition to the degree of habit and goods market distortion. The volatility of optimal tax rate increases with the degree of habit, whether households have external or internal habit. The volatility of tax rate shows an inverted U-shape in the degree of openness in the small open economy with habit. Finally, the optimal labor income tax rate moves countercyclically for low degree of intratemporal elasticity of substitution, while it moves procyclically for high degree of intratemporal elasticity of substitution.
Optimal taxes and basic income during an episode of automation: a worker’s perspective
Authors: Atolia Manoj , Holland Morgan , Kreamer Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Motivated by distributional concerns raised by recent breakthroughs in AI and robotics, we ask how workers would prefer to manage an episode of automation in a task-based model, which distinguishes between automation and traditional technical progress. We show that under majority voting with the option to implement a “partial” UBI (as transfers to workers) it is optimal to tax capital at a higher rate than labor in the long run to fund the partial UBI. We show that, unlike traditional technical progress, automation always lowers the labor share in the long run, justifying distributional concerns. A quantitative analysis of an episode of automation for the US economy shows that it is optimal from the workers’ perspective to lower capital taxes and transfers over the transition. Nevertheless, this policy increases worker welfare by only 0.7% in consumption-equivalent terms, compared with a 21.6% welfare gain to entrepreneurs, because the welfare gains to workers from lower capital taxes are second-order, while the gains to entrepreneurs are first-order.
The municipal government channel of monetary policy
Authors: Wilson Matthew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Monetary policy in the USA affects borrowing costs for state and local governments, incentivizing municipal borrowing and spending, which in turn affects economic outcomes. Using municipal bond indices and transaction-level data, I find that responses to monetary policy are dampened relative to treasuries and heterogeneous across location and bond characteristics. In my baseline estimate, muni yields move 26 bp after a 100 bp monetary shock. To study implications for local fiscal policy, I model US localities as small open economies in a monetary union with independent fiscal agents. In a calibrated model, monetary transmission is significantly affected by municipal borrowing costs.
Diet culture on TikTok: a descriptive content analysis
Authors: Munro Emily , Wells Gabriella , Paciente Rigel , Wickens Nicole , Ta Daniel , Mandzufas Joelie , Lombardi Karen , Woolard Alix 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate how dieting is portrayed on TikTok and the potential implications for public health considering the effect of diet culture on eating disorders amongst young people.

Design:
A cross-sectional descriptive content analysis of 250 videos from the five most popular diet-related hashtags. A codebook was developed to analyse the content of the videos and collect the engagement for each video (likes, comments and shares).

Setting:
TikTok website.

Participants:
There were no participants in this study.

Results:
More than half of the videos portrayed ‘body checking’, a potentially harmful practice for body image. Of the videos that represented body image, almost half represented body image negatively. However, most videos promoted the idea of ‘healthy eating’, and only 6·4 % displayed disordered eating behaviours. Over half of the videos provided dietary advice, and of those videos, most content creators claimed to be experts (64 %). Claiming expertise was not significantly associated with engagement; however, the use of humour was significantly associated with engagement. Additionally, males were more likely than females to disclose their goals of the diet.

Conclusions:
Overall, it appears that TikTok is commonly used to share nutrition tips and personal experiences around dieting and eating in general, often employing humour as an effective technique. The popularity of the platform and rapid dissemination of information would be a useful tool for health professionals, especially those working with eating disorders, to utilise.
The Manuscript Source of Philippe II d'Orléans's Cantates françaises: A New Light on Early Eighteenth-Century Transnational Networks of Connoisseurship and Collecting
Authors: Fader Don 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rediscovery of a unicum manuscript source of cantates françaises by Philippe II d'Orléans in the Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart, provokes a re-evaluation of not only the provenance of the collection to which it belongs, but also the role played by diplomacy, sociability and cultural exchange in the history of the cantate française. The manuscript's contents all reflect Philippe's use of international connections to acquire music and engage musicians in the period 1701–1706. The manuscript forms part of a corpus of French scores that belonged to Marie-Thérèse de Lannoy de La Motterie, an aristocratic amateur harpsichordist with an interest in both French and Italian music, and in cantates. As wife of Joseph Lothar von Königsegg und Rothenfels, representative of the Austrian emperor to Philippe, then regent of France, she was engaged in the cultural life of Paris during the period 1717–1719, not only acquiring cantate prints but also a copy of Philippe's own works in the genre. Her collection reflects both her personal interests and her diplomatic cultivation of the social circles around Philippe in which music connoisseurship was an important skill. The manuscript thus highlights the important role played in the international transmission of cantates françaises by diplomatic and familial connections of noble amateurs, especially those curious about musical developments beyond their own regional practices.
Strategic genetic amelioration of quality protein maize (QPM) germplasm and its utilization in hybrid breeding
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Das Abhijit Kumar , Kaur Yashmeet , Kumar Sushil , Shukla Shanu , GK Chikkappa , Chaudhary Dharam Paul , Rakshit Sujay 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUse of diverse germplasm for generating heterotic hybrids is the foremost requirement in maize. The present study was conducted by using a diverse set of inbred lines and the line × tester method was applied to identify best performing lines and to group QPM inbred lines into different heterotic groups. The test crosses, developed by following line (66) × tester (CML 161 and CML 165) mating design, were evaluated during winter 2013, rainy 2014 and 2015 seasons at Begusarai and Ludhiana, respectively. Based on the specific combining ability, the lines were categorized into two heterotic groups. Out of 66 novel inbreds, 18 lines with significant SCA with CML165 were classified in group A, 16 inbreds with significant SCA with CML161 were classified in group B and 20 inbreds with significant GCA were classified in group (AB). Nine inbred lines were selected based on their positive GCA values and pedigree crosses were developed in rainy season in 2017. Three crosses were made in heterotic group A and four crosses were in group B for synthesizing new inbred lines by using pedigree method. Heterotic grouping based inbred evaluation trial and biochemical analysis were carried out to estimate per se yield potential of developed lines and to estimate tryptophan content. QIL-4-2491 (Group-A) and QIL-4-2401 (Group-B) were the top yielders. A total of 25 crosses were made among the heterotic groups (A and B) by using 22 lines from groups A and B and three best performing hybrids were identified.
Delineating naturally introgressed genotypes of Indian eggplant collections using morphological key traits for plant genetic resources management
Authors: Sivasankarreddy Kasireddy , Joseph Jiji , Polavakkalipalayam Palanisamy Thirumalaisamy , Kannan Venkatesan , Kanakasabhapathi Pradheep , Pathrose Berin , Mathew Deepu , Thayyil Pradeepkumar , Latha Madhavan , Suma Azhakan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a widely cultivated vegetable in India with enormous variability. Recent molecular techniques revealed three closely related but distinct Solanum species (S. melongena, S. incanum and S. insanum), with the Indian subcontinent being a domesticated centre. Spontaneous hybridization between S. insanum and S. melongena has led to the formation of naturally introgressed lines and limited studies are available to differentiate these genotypes using morphological key traits. Current study aimed to delineate naturally introgressed genotypes of Indian eggplant collections using morphological key traits for plant genetic resources (PGR) management and assess available genetic diversity. The study characterized a collection of 157 eggplant germplasm at ICAR-NBPGR, Regional Station, Kerala, and identified 30 naturally introgressed, 10 wild progenitors and 117 cultivated eggplants. The key morphological traits are prickliness (stem, petiole, calyx and pedicle), leaf base shape, fruit shape and size. Other fruit traits such as length, breadth and mesocarp texture could also provide some clues for delineating introgressed genotypes from S. insanum and S. melongena. Basic statistical analysis of six quantitative traits of 157 eggplant genotypes revealed the presence of considerable amount of variation (CV%) in which fruit length/breadth ratio showed higher variation (73.87) followed by fruit length (54.73) and average fruit weight (53.5). The frequency distribution of 14 qualitative traits revealed the presence of all character states among them. Key traits identified under study could provide clues to identify individual plants at field level to plant taxonomist/explorers and also to aid gene bank curators for PGR management.
Identification of African rice genotypes with early morning flowering trait to avoid heat stress
Authors: Semwal Vimal Kumar , Kobi Kora Orou , Futakuchi Koichi , Ramaiah Venuprasad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarly morning flowering (EMF) is a desirable trait in rice to avoid heat stress as temperatures in early morning hours are low compared to afternoon and flowering is the most sensitive stage to heat exposure. Cultivated rice accessions including both Oryza glaberrima and O. sativa were phenotyped for an EMF trait in 2016–2018 in two locations viz. Cotonou in Benin Republic and Ibadan in Nigeria. The initial screening was done in Cotonou in three phases in 2016 dry season, 2017 wet season and 2017 dry season, respectively. The 2093 accessions used in initial screening were subdivided into three groups based on flowering duration ensuring that each accession was grown under conditions which were best suited to their flowering duration. Further screening was done in Ibadan in 2018 dry season and 2018 wet season. Out of 2093 accessions taken in the initial screening only 1754 accessions germinated out of which only 64 accessions exhibited EMF phenotype consistently across the cultivated years, seasons and locations. Among the 64 accessions exhibiting EMF phenotype, 15 accessions also showed an early peak in spikelet opening time (EPSOT) trait, more than 80% flowering before 09:00 h. We conclude that 15 O. glaberrima accessions identified possessing both the EMF and EPSOT traits are suitable donors for use in breeding for heat escape in rice.
Four years of the COVID-19 pandemic: how does Brazil deal with the impacts? A DOHaD perspective
Authors: Aquino Ariana Musa de , Cruz Larissa Lopes da , Gouveia Henrique José Cavalcanti Bezerra , da Silva Márcia Maria , Souza Maysa Rocha de , Baqueiro Mayara da Nóbrega , Ribeiro Isabelle Tenori , de Lima Emanuelle Vasconcellos , Martins Pedro Vinicius Gonçalves , Gonçalves Carolina Oliveira , Ceravolo Graziela Scalianti , Miranda Rosiane Aparecida 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Over the last few years, during the pandemic, the Brazilian population has suffered several problems, ranging from health to socioeconomic impacts. When we consider Brazilian science, there has been an undeniable scientific delay generated by the pandemic, especially in areas that are not related to the coronavirus. In this context, with the aim of fostering collaboration among researchers in the field of Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHaD) and enhancing the potential for implementing public health strategies to prevent noncommunicable chronic diseases, the Brazilian Association of Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHaD Brazil) was established in 2020. In this narrative, we explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, focusing on its impacts on scientific research conducted in universities. Additionally, we underscore the significance of the DOHaD Brazil Association, particularly from the perspective of young researchers engaged in DOHaD research in Brazil.
Magnetosheath High‐Speed Jet Drives Multiple Auroral Arcs Near Local Noon
Authors: Qiu Hui‐Xuan , Han De‐Sheng , Shi Run , Liu Jianjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMagnetosheath High‐Speed Jets (HSJs) are transient disturbances characterized by increased dynamic pressure. They can cause various geoeffects, including ultra‐low‐frequency (ULF) waves and auroras. Theoretically, when ULF waves propagate into the ionosphere as Alfvén waves, they can accelerate electrons and generate discrete auroras. However, what types of aurora can be driven by HSJs and what are the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Using coordinated magnetosheath in situ and ground observations, here, we showed that when a HSJ was identified in the magnetosheath, multiple auroral arcs parallel to the auroral oval were observed near local noon. The electron energy spectrogram of these arcs exhibited “inverted‐V” structures, indicating the existence of quasi‐static parallel electric fields. Concurrently, long‐period ULF signals were detected on the ground, suggesting the arrival of Alfvén waves. These observations are represented by a kinetic simulation using realistic observational inputs, showing consistency with the theory regarding the generation of the “inverted‐V” structure by long‐period Alfvén waves. This study builds a previously unestablished connection among HSJ, ULF wave, and aurora, and provides a mechanism for generation of discrete auroral arcs near local noon, which may reveal the underlying mechanism behind a specific auroral activity commonly observed near local noon as shown in the paper.
Modeling Subduction With Extremely Fast Trench Retreat
Authors: Peng Diandian , Stegman Dave R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Tonga‐Kermadec subduction zone exhibits the fastest observed trench retreat and convergence near its northern end. However, a paradox exists: despite the rapid trench retreat, the Tonga slab maintains a relatively steep dip angle above 400 km depth. The slab turns flat around 400 km, then steepening again until encountering a stagnant segment near 670 km. Despite its significance for understanding slab dynamics, no existing numerical model has successfully demonstrated how such a distinct slab morphology can be generated under the fast convergence. Here we run subduction models that successfully reproduce the slab geometries while incorporating the observed subduction rate. We use a hybrid velocity boundary condition, imposing velocities on the arc and subducting plate while allowing the overriding plate to respond freely. This approach is crucial for achieving a good match between the modeled and observed Tonga slab. The results explain how the detailed slab structure is highly sensitive to physical parameters including the seafloor age and the mantle viscosity. Notably, a nonlinear rheology, where dislocation creep reduces upper mantle viscosity under strong mantle flow, is essential. The weakened upper mantle allows for a faster slab sinking rate, which explains the large dip angle. Our findings highlight the utilizing rheological parameters that lead to extreme viscosity variations within numerical models to achieve an accurate representation of complex subduction systems like the Tonga‐Kermadec zone. Our study opens new avenues for further study of ocean‐ocean subduction systems, advancing our understanding of their role in shaping regional and global tectonics.
Likely Ferromagnetic Minerals Identified by the Perseverance Rover and Implications for Future Paleomagnetic Analyses of Returned Martian Samples
Authors: Mansbach Elias N. , Kizovski Tanya V. , Scheller Eva L. , Bosak Tanja , Mandon Lucia , Horgan Briony , Wiens Roger C. , Herd Christopher D. K. , Sharma Sunanda , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Gabriel Travis S. J. , Forni Olivier , Liu Yang , Schmidt Mariek E. , Weiss Benjamin P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough Mars today does not have a core dynamo, magnetizations in the Martian crust and in meteorites suggest a magnetic field was present prior to 3.7 billion years (Ga) ago. However, the lack of ancient, oriented Martian bedrock samples available on Earth has prevented accurate estimates of the dynamo's intensity, lifetime, and direction. Constraining the nature and lifetime of the dynamo are vital to understanding the evolution of the Martian interior and the potential habitability of the planet. The Perseverance rover, which is exploring Jezero crater, is providing an unprecedented opportunity to address this gap by acquiring absolutely oriented bedrock samples with estimated ages from ∼2.3 to >4.1 Ga. As a first step in establishing whether these samples could contain records of Martian paleomagnetism, it is important to determine their ferromagnetic mineralogy, the grain sizes of the phases, and the forms of any natural remanent magnetization. Here, we synthesize data from various Perseverance instruments to achieve those goals and discuss the implications for future laboratory paleomagnetic analyses. Using the rover's instrument payload, we find that cored samples likely contain iron oxides enriched in Cr and Ti. The relative proportions of Fe, Ti, and Cr indicate that the phases may be titanomagnetite or Fe‐Ti‐Cr spinels that are ferromagnetic at room temperature, but we cannot rule out the presence of non‐ferromagnetic ulvöspinel, ilmenite, and chromite due to signal mixing. Importantly, the inferred abundance of iron oxides in the samples suggests that even <1 mm‐sized samples will be easily measurable by present‐day magnetometers.
Self-sustaining long-term 3D epithelioid cultures reveal drivers of clonal expansion in esophageal epithelium
Authors: Herms Albert , Fernandez-Antoran David , Alcolea Maria P. , Kalogeropoulou Argyro , Banerjee Ujjwal , Piedrafita Gabriel , Abby Emilie , Valverde-Lopez Jose Antonio , Ferreira Inês S. , Caseda Irene , Bejar Maria T. , Dentro Stefan C. , Vidal-Notari Sara , Ong Swee Hoe , Colom Bartomeu , Murai Kasumi , King Charlotte , Mahbubani Krishnaa , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Lowe Alan R. , Gerstung Moritz , Jones Philip H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAging epithelia are colonized by somatic mutations, which are subjected to selection influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The lack of suitable culture systems has slowed the study of this and other long-term biological processes. Here, we describe epithelioids, a facile, cost-effective method of culturing multiple mouse and human epithelia. Esophageal epithelioids self-maintain without passaging for at least 1 year, maintaining a three-dimensional structure with proliferative basal cells that differentiate into suprabasal cells, which eventually shed and retain genomic stability. Live imaging over 5 months showed that epithelioids replicate in vivo cell dynamics. Epithelioids support genetic manipulation and enable the study of mutant cell competition and selection in three-dimensional epithelia, and show how anti-cancer treatments modulate competition between transformed and wild-type cells. Finally, a targeted CRISPR–Cas9 screen shows that epithelioids recapitulate mutant gene selection in aging human esophagus and identifies additional drivers of clonal expansion, resolving the genetic networks underpinning competitive fitness.