bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo confocal microscopic features of canine primary corneal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rogers Callie M. , Knickelbein Kelly E. , Scott Erin M. , Ledbetter Eric C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) findings in dogs with primary corneal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).AnimalsEight dogs with primary corneal SCC.ProceduresDogs diagnosed with primary corneal SCC by histopathology were examined with a modified Heidelberg Retina tomograph and Rostock Cornea Module prior to surgical intervention. The findings from the IVCM examination were correlated with clinical details from ophthalmic examinations and diagnostic test results.ResultsEight eyes from eight dogs with unilateral primary corneal SCC were examined. Corneal lesions were characterized with IVCM by abnormal epithelial cells that were polygonal and enlarged with marked morphological variability and anisocytosis within individual corneas. The abnormal cells displayed variable reflectivity, but most had highly reflective cellular borders and moderately reflective cytoplasm. Cells that were markedly and diffusely hyperreflective were also occasionally observed possibly representing keratinization and dyskeratosis. On IVCM, neoplastic cells were grouped into cords, clusters, and sheets, and nests of neoplastic cells often invaded the underlying corneal stroma. Keratin pearls were a frequent finding and appeared as circular whirls of neoplastic epithelial cells arranged around concentric layers of hyperreflective amorphous material within a dark cyst‐like space. Abundant blood vessels and scattered leukocytes were present in all tumors. There was a high degree of morphologic agreement between IVCM analysis and histopathological findings in all cases.ConclusionsThe distinguishing features of primary corneal SCC during IVCM examine were similar to those seen in histopathologic examination of tumor sections, including enlarged and pleomorphic squamous epithelial cells, anisocytosis, keratin pearl formation, and dense vascularization.
Regular whole blood donation and gastrointestinal, breast, colorectal and haematological cancer risk among blood donors in Australia
Authors: Rahman Md Morshadur , Hayen Andrew , Olynyk John K. , Cust Anne E. , Irving David O. , Karki Surendra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSeveral studies have suggested that blood donors have lower risk of gastrointestinal and breast cancers, whereas some have indicated an increased risk of haematological cancers. We examined these associations by appropriately adjusting the ‘healthy donor effect’ (HDE).Materials and MethodsWe examined the risk of gastrointestinal/colorectal, breast and haematological cancers in regular high‐frequency whole blood (WB) donors using the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study data linked with blood donation and other health‐related data. We calculated 5‐year cancer risks, risk differences and risk ratios. To mitigate HDE, we used 5‐year qualification period to select the exposure groups, and applied statistical adjustments using inverse probability weighting, along with other advanced doubly robust g‐methods.ResultsWe identified 2867 (42.4%) as regular high‐frequency and 3888 (57.6%) as low‐frequency donors. The inverse probability weighted 5‐year risk difference between high and low‐frequency donors for gastrointestinal/colorectal cancer was 0.2% (95% CI, −0.1% to 0.5%) with a risk ratio of 1.25 (0.83–1.68). For breast cancer, the risk difference was −0.2% (−0.9% to 0.4%), with a risk ratio of 0.87 (0.48–1.26). Regarding haematological cancers, the risk difference was 0.0% (−0.3% to 0.5%) with a risk ratio of 0.97 (0.55–1.40). Our doubly robust estimators targeted minimum loss‐based estimator (TMLE) and sequentially doubly robust (SDR) estimator, yielded similar results, but none of the findings were statistically significant.ConclusionAfter applying methods to mitigate the HDE, we did not find any statistically significant differences in the risk of gastrointestinal/colorectal, breast and haematological cancers between regular high‐frequency and low‐frequency WB donors.
The Effect of the Mamanet Cachibol League on Psychosomatic Symptoms, Healthy Eating, and Social Support Among Arab Women: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Eines Karin , Halevi Hochwald Inbal , Green Gizell , Dolev Avivit , Bord Shiran , Paldi Yuval , Shmueli Liora , Levi Sharon , Tesler Riki 
Published: September 2024

Background: The Mamanet Cachibol League (MCL), a community-based model developed in Israel, promotes physical activity and amateur team sports among women. Women in the Arab society have traditionally played few sports, especially team sports. Aims: The study aimed to assess the differences in health indicators and well-being, including psychosomatic symptoms, self-reported health, healthy eating habits, and social support, by comparing Arab women MCL participants and nonparticipants and examines benefits and motivations of community-based team sports for participants. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach included a cross-sectional study with intervention and control groups of Israeli Arab women aged 25–59 years. Two-way analyses of covariance and multiple regression models evaluated demographics, well-being, healthy eating, and social support. Quality in-depth interviews with 30 MCL participants further explained the quantitative findings. Results: MCL participants reported higher self-assessed health (P < .001) and decreased psychosomatic symptoms (P < .001) than nonparticipants. Healthier eating and well-being were also linked to MCL participation. The women sense of belonging improved social interactions, personal and professional happiness, and group dedication. MCL attendees felt empowered because the group advocated equality and valued women. Women said their involvement helped their families. Conclusions: Findings on the MCL community-based model suggest that team sports may serve as an effective tool for promoting health and well-being of Arab women and foster positive community relationships. The sense of belonging and personal empowerment derived from being part of a sports team may also contribute to positive mental health outcomes.
Interference without interferon: interferon-independent induction of interferon-stimulated genes and its role in cellular innate immunity
Authors: Swaraj Shachee , Tripathi Shashank 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Interferons (IFNs) are multifaceted proteins that play pivotal roles in orchestrating robust antiviral immune responses and modulating the intricate landscape of host immunity. The major signaling pathway activated by IFNs is the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway, which leads to the transcription of a battery of genes, collectively known as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). While the well-established role of IFNs in coordinating the innate immune response against viral infections is widely acknowledged, recent years have provided a more distinct comprehension of the functional significance attributed to non-canonical, IFN-independent induction of ISGs. In this review, we summarize the non-conventional signaling pathways of ISG induction. These alternative pathways offer new avenues for developing antiviral strategies or immunomodulation in various diseases.
Neonatal hyperinsulinism: a retrospective study of presentation and management in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in the UK
Authors: Kalogeropoulou Maria-Sofia , Couch Helen , Thankamony Ajay , Beardsall Kathy 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveReports of hyperinsulinism typically focus on infants managed by highly specialised services. However, neonates with hyperinsulinism are initially managed by neonatologists and often not referred to specialists. This study aimed to characterise the diversity in presentation and management of these infants.SettingLevel 3 neonatal intensive care.PatientsNeonates with hyperinsulinism, defined as blood glucose <2.8 mmol/mL and insulin level >6 pmol/L.Design7-year retrospective study (January 2015–December 2021).Results99 cases were identified:severe—treated with diazoxide (20%),moderate—clinically concerning hyperinsulinism not treated with diazoxide (30%),mild—biochemical hyperinsulinism (50%). Birth weight z-score was −1.02±2.30 (mean±SD), 42% were preterm, but neither variable correlated with clinical severity. Theseveregroup received a higher concentration of intravenous glucose (27±12%) compared with themoderate(15±7%) andmild(16±10%) groups (p<0.001). At diagnosis, the intravenous glucose intake was similar in thesevere(7.43±5.95 mg/kg/min) andmoderate(5.09±3.86 mg/kg/min) groups, but higher compared with themildgroup (3.05+/2.21 mg/kg/min) (p<0.001). In theseveregroup, term infants started diazoxide earlier (9.9±4.3 days) compared with preterm (37±26 days) (p=0.002). The national congenital hyperinsulinism service was consulted for 23% of infants, and 3% were transferred.ConclusionsThis study highlights the diversity in clinical presentation, severity and prognosis of neonatal hyperinsulinism, irrespective of birth weight and gestational age. More infants were small rather than large for gestational age, and the majority had transient hyperinsulinism and were not referred to the national centre, or treated with diazoxide. Further research is required to understand the breadth of neonatal hyperinsulinism and optimal management.
Medication adherence to inhalation therapy and the risk of COPD exacerbations: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Vauterin Delphine , Van Vaerenbergh Frauke , Grymonprez Maxim , Vanoverschelde Anna , Lahousse Lies 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAssessing medication adherence is crucial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management to prevent exacerbations. However, it is unclear whether this association between adherence and exacerbations is influenced by the adherence assessment methods or thresholds used. Electronic healthcare databases are valuable to study exacerbations and adherence in real life. We aimed to systematically review the literature to identify adherence assessment methods and thresholds used in healthcare databases when investigating the association between medication adherence and COPD exacerbations and to meta-analyse the associated effect sizes.MethodMEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase were searched for peer-reviewed articles, written in English, published up to 10 October 2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42022363449). Two reviewers independently conducted screening for inclusion and performed data extraction. A qualitative approach described the adherence assessment methods and thresholds used. A quantitative approach (meta-analysis using random effects model) estimated the association between adherence and the risk of COPD exacerbations.ResultsEight studies were included in the systematic review of which five studies were included in the meta-analysis. The medication possession ratio (MPR) and the proportion of days covered (PDC) were the adherence assessment methods used and 0.80 was always used as threshold to differentiate good from poor adherence. Adherence and exacerbations were mostly measured over the same time period. Poor adherence (MPR or PDC<0.80) was significantly associated with a higher COPD exacerbation risk (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.62, I2=85%), regardless of the adherence assessment method used. Results were consistent when stratified by exacerbation severity. Poor adherence was also associated with a time-dependent risk of COPD exacerbations (incidence rate ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.46).ConclusionOur systematic review with meta-analysis demonstrated a 40% increased risk of COPD exacerbations in case of poor adherence to inhaler medication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022363449.
Comprehensive strain assessment and mortality after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective observational study based on the Essen Coronary Artery Disease registry
Authors: Backmann Viktoria , Dykun Iryna , Kampf Jürgen , Balcer Bastian , Roggel Anja , Totzeck Matthias , Rassaf Tienush , Mahabadi Amir A 
Published: September 2024

Background and aimsCurrent ESC guidelines on the management of patients after acute myocardial infarction only include the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) function by assessment of the ejection fraction in addition to clinical risk scores to estimate the patient’s prognosis. We aimed to determine, whether comprehensive evaluation of cardiac function using LV and right ventricular (RV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and left atrial (LA) reservoir strain improves the prediction of survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction.MethodsIn patients with non-ST segment elevation or ST segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving echocardiography within 1 year after revascularisation, LV-GLS, RV-GLS and LA reservoir strain were quantified. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, HRs and 95% CIs were calculated per 1 SD increase in strain measure, adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, diabetes and family history of premature coronary artery disease.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 1.5 (0.5–4.2) years, 157 (11.1%) out of 1409 patients (64.4±13.5 years, 24.7% female) died. LV-GLS (1.68 (1.37–2.06), p<0.001), RV-GLS (1.39 (1.16–1.67), p<0.001) and LA reservoir strain (0.57 (0.47–0.69), p<0.001) were associated with mortality. Adding LV ejection fraction, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) or LA volume index to these models did not alter the association of strain measures of the LV (1.41 (1.06–1.89), p=0.02), RV (1.48 (1.03–2.13), p=0.04) or LA (0.61 (0.49–0.76), p<0.001). In receiver operating characteristics, combining the three strain measures improved the prediction of mortality above risk factors (AUC: 0.67 (0.63–0.71) to 0.75 (0.70–0.80)), while further addition of LV ejection fraction, TAPSE and LA volume index did not (0.75 (0.70–0.81)).ConclusionThe comprehensive evaluation of contractility of various cardiac chambers via transthoracic echocardiography using myocardial strain analysis, when routinely performed after acute myocardial infarction, may help to detect patients at increased mortality risk.
Applying a ‘presumably plausible’ principle in a new one-time financial compensation system for occupational diseases in the Netherlands
Authors: Coenen Pieter , Kezic Sanja , Heederik Dick J J , Peters Susan , van der Molen Henk F 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesIn the Netherlands, a new regulation has been adopted for recognition and compensation of serious substance-related occupational diseases. A national advisory committee has a key task of providing advice on the protocols for operationalisation of individual causality assessment in this new context.MethodsProtocol development involves gathering the best available population-level evidence on causality and using this evidence to determine individual causality. Here, thepresumably plausibleprinciple was adopted, which stipulates that uncertainties in individual causality should be weighed in favour of a fast and transparent one-time compensation for (ex-)workers.ResultsIn monocausal diseases, a limited workplace exposure assessment is considered sufficient to determine whether individual causality is presumably plausible in the Dutch context. For multicausal occupational diseases, individual causality assessment is more complicated. Modelling of existing data on the exposure–response relation helps establish the probability of causation, that is, the risk of the disease attributable to a work-related exposure. This operationalisation, applied in some protocols, makes use of the probability of causation, while being prudent in establishing exposure limits. An example from asbestos and lung cancer is provided in this short report.ConclusionsWe propose a pragmatic approach to individual causality assessment of substance-related occupational diseases, considering statistical and diagnostic uncertainties. This approach substantiates protocols towards a one-time financial compensation without long-winding recognition procedures.
Impact of work pace on cardiorespiratory outcomes, perceived effort and carried load in industrial workers: a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Javanmardi Sasha , Rappelt Ludwig , Heinke Lars , Niederer Daniel , Zemke Janis Alexander , Freiwald Jürgen , Baumgart Christian 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThis study investigates the impact of different work paces on cardiorespiratory outcomes, perceived effort and carried load (CL) in industrial workers.MethodsA randomised cross-over trial was conducted at a mid-sized steel company. We included 12 healthy industrial workers (8 females, age: mean 44±SD 9 years, height: 1.70±0.08 m, body mass: 79.5±13.4 kg) with at least 6 months of working experience. All participants performed 5 min of piece work at 100% (P100), 115% (P115) and 130% (P130) of the company’s internal target yielded in a randomised order, separated by 5 min familiarisation breaks. The primary outcome was energy expenditure (EE), calculated from a respiratory gas exchange using a metabolic analyser. Secondary outcomes were total ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide release, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and rating of perceived effort (0–10). Furthermore, the metabolic equivalent and the CL were calculated. Data were analysed with repeated measure analyses of variance.ResultsFor EE, a large ‘pace’ effect with a small difference between P100 and P130 (165.9±33.4 vs 178.8±40.1 kcal/hour−1, p=0.008, standard mean difference, SMD=0.35) was revealed. Additionally, a large difference in CL between all paces (p<0.001, SMD≥1.10) was revealed. No adverse events occurred.ConclusionsCardiorespiratory outcomes rise with increased work pace, but the practical relevance of these differences still needs to be specified. However, the CL will add up over time and may impact musculoskeletal health in the long term.
Vibration Suppression and Energy Harvesting of Nonlinear Energy Sink-Based Piezoelectric System with Combined Damping and Bistability Properties for Nonlinear Oscillator
Authors: Lin Xiqi , Wang Lingzhi , Wang Ziheng , Yan Zhitao , Qin Yangdong , Nie Xiaochun 
Published: September 2024

Nonlinear energy sink (NES) as a new type of dynamic absorber has received widespread attention due to its broadband vibration suppression capability, but it has a certain requirement of energy triggering threshold. In this work, a bistable NES-based piezoelectric system with combined damping (BCPNES) and low threshold requirement is proposed. Electromechanical-coupled equations for the nonlinear oscillator coupled with BCPNES (NO-BCPNES) are established. The vibration suppression and vibration energy harvesting performance for the coupled system are investigated numerically and analytically. The frequency–energy plots of the conservative system are investigated using the complex-variable averaging method and the electromechanical decoupling method. The influence of circuit parameters on the target energy transfer threshold and harvested energy is discussed through the equivalent stiffness and damping of the circuit. The vibration suppression performance and the target energy transfer characteristics are analyzed in terms of the time–history response, the time–frequency response and the slowly varying dynamic flow, respectively. The results show that the electromechanical coupling coefficient affects the skeleton curve of frequency–energy plots in the form of equivalent stiffness. The NO-BCPNES system exhibits higher energy dissipation performance and better targeted energy transfer form under various excitations. From the phase perspective, NES-based piezoelectric system achieves vibration suppression of the main structure through the phase locking phenomenon. The mechanism of the influence of piezoelectric device parameters on the energy harvesting performance of the systems is clarified.
On a stratification of positive scalar curvature compact manifolds
Authors: Labbi Mohammed Larbi 
Published: September 2024

For a compact PSC Riemannian [Formula: see text]-manifold [Formula: see text], the metric constant [Formula: see text] is defined to be the infinimum over [Formula: see text] of the spectral scalar curvature [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are the eigenvalues of the curvature operator of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the maximal eigenvalue. The functional [Formula: see text] is continuous, re-scale invariant and defines a stratification of the space of PSC metrics over [Formula: see text]. We introduce as well the smooth constant [Formula: see text], which is the supremum of [Formula: see text] over the set of all PSC Riemannian metrics [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that in the top layer, compact manifolds with [Formula: see text] are positive space forms. No manifolds have their [Formula: see text] in the interval [Formula: see text]. The manifold [Formula: see text] and arbitrary connected sums of copies of it with connected sums of positive space forms all have [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], we prove that the manifolds [Formula: see text] take the intermediate values [Formula: see text]. From the bottom, we prove that simply connected (resp. [Formula: see text]-connected, [Formula: see text]-connected and non-string) compact manifolds of dimension [Formula: see text] (resp. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) have [Formula: see text] (resp. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). The proof of these last three results is based on surgery. In fact, we prove that the smooth [Formula: see text] constant doesn’t decrease after a surgery on the manifold with adequate codimension.
δ-Jordan derivations of prime rings
Authors: Bera Nripendu , De Filippis Vincenzo , Dhara Basudeb 
Published: September 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime ring of characteristic different from [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] its Utumi quotient ring, [Formula: see text] its extended centroid, [Formula: see text] a noncentral multilinear polynomial over [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] two generalized derivations of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. We describe all possible forms of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the case [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. In particular we prove that [Formula: see text] must be a derivation of [Formula: see text] unless when one of the following cases occurs: (1) there exist [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], for any [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]; (2) [Formula: see text] is central valued on [Formula: see text] and there exist [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text].