bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Inequality of Growth between Morocco Regions
Authors: Sahibi Youness , Hamzaoui Moustapha 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Although significant progress had been made in Morocco, the inter-regional inequalities persist. The aim of this paper is to analyse this spatial inequality and convergence phenomenon in Morocco, using regional data between 2000 and 2007. Thus, relying on methods of spatial data analysis and taken from theoretical and empirical contributions, this paper analyses the role of the sectorial externalities and spatial spillovers in growth. Next, we tested the existence of a convergence process and the conditions for its improvement. The results showed the existence of a growth convergence process in value added and productivity but not in employment. On the other hand, the variables of human capital and infrastructure can significantly reduce regional inequality. Thus, we conclude that the conventional policies based solely on the infrastructure development or education are not sufficient. A more comprehensive approach that integrates these two axes and encourages business development and knowledge transfer is needed.
Grassroots Participation in Policy Formulation: Gaps and Challenges in the Developing Countries: Case of Malaysia and Zanzibar Grassroots
Authors: Ali Salum S. , Ariffin Aini Suzana 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The debates are still inconclusive on how best the grassroots can be included in policy formulation, and specifically supporting social development in the developing countries. Numerous policy scholars have uncovered that the issue of the grassroots inclusion in policy detailing is paramount and that participatory procedures are needed for better policy formulation process. Notwithstanding, numerous conclusions demonstrate that the endeavors are just won on principles at any rate as opposed to practices on the ground. Still, there is an extraordinary worry about how grassroots are included in term of procedure, platform, framework, methodology and the participatory component. This paper examines and investigates the major issues concerning the grassroots participation in the policy formulation in the developing countries for supporting social improvement. The paper found that the acts of policy detailing and activities are very described by lamentation and additionally pseudo grassroots participation. The procedure is for the most part appeared to be hampered by the absence of appropriate techniques, methodology and platform for taking part in one hand and extremely frail mindfulness and poor mentality and negative state of mind on the other side. Thus, grassroots are exceptionally poor, assuming any, take an interest to raise their voice and concern amid the policy detailing. In the light of this, the paper think of an integrated framework which will empower the basic and structural changes to enhance wide and different contributions in the policy formulation and grassroots participation. Our examination utilizes the various encounters and setting in these cases to investigate how the current platform neglected to get the policy premium and the substance from the grassroots level. The paper in view of information of two diverse qualitative case studies of contextual investigations directed in Malaysia, Kelantan specifically, and Zanzibar Grassroots respectively. The studies included 14 establishments in Malaysia and 34 in Zanzibar where 20 respondents secured in Malaysia study and 41 in Zanzibar.
The Contestation of Organic and Non-Organic Agricultural Knowledge in Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Wardah Siti , Salman Darmawan , Agustang Andi , Fahmid Imam Mujahidin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This research aims to analyze the contestational process between organic and non-organic agricultural knowledge in the agricultural practices in Bonto Lebang, North Galesong, Takalar regency. This was a qualitative study exploring descriptive data in oral, written and attitudinal forms obtained from farmers and other parties concerned as an agent of sustainable agriculture in Bonto Lebang, Takalar regency. It was a case study focused on hermeneutics. The data used in conducting this research were primary and secondary data. The results of this research show that the contestation between organic and nonorganic agricultural knowledge of seeds-providing, fertilizing or land-managing was given responses from each local of subsystems such as household, government, local communities, and marketing. For the people in Bonto Lebang village Takalar regency in particular, knowledge of organic agriculture was in fact a deconstructed agricultural knowledge resulting from field experiences and some informations from the agricultural consultants that got improved from self-practices. Meanwhile, agricultural parts that mainly changed were the important parts namely maintenance using the vegetable pestiside and fertilization using the organic fertilizer. The novelty of this research is the ontology focused on knowledge or skills in organic agriculture as a social reality by assuming that behind any knowledge and skills there existed a power and authority to transform the knowledge into a social practice and then it gradually turned into social reality.
Role of Tax Havens in the Tax Revenue Development and Its Reflection on the Public Revenues of the Developing Countries: An Empirical Study in Iraq (2004–2014)
Authors: Al-taie Bushra Fadhil Khudhair , Flayyih Hakeem Hammood , Talab Hassnain Raghib , Hussein Noor Abbas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of tax haven on tax revenue development and its reflection on public revenue in Iraq between 2004 and 2014. A review of tax haven literature revealed that there are different types of tax havens, categorizations, characteristics, effects of tax havens, socio-economic consequence and reaction to tax haven that requires analysis. An empirical analysis is done in the public revenue of Iraq from 2004 to 2014. Descriptive statistics and evidentiary are employed as the analysis techniques. It is revealed that the importance of structure analysis of public revenues is connected with tax haven because the basic foundation for the State budget. Also, the growth rates of tax revenue for the period beyond the year 2003 which saw the Iraq regime change and more open to the world and draws from a socialist economy to a market economy, as well as the effect of the tax was havens with the direct tax income withholding tax, as well as the impact of tax revenue in the Public State revenues. Withthe analytical nature of the study reported in this paper, there is still an opportunity for further work on larger populations to confirm the generalizability of the findings.
The Role of Customer Motivation in Mediating Customer Communication and Customer Decision to Use Kartu As of Telkomsel Broadband Services in Kendari of Indonesia
Authors: Tanduklangi Amri , Yusuf Hayat 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
With a growing increase of mobile phone and Internet users through cellular phones, competition among provider companies of mobile broadband services is becoming very tight to win competition among the competitors. This article aims at analyzing the role of customer motivation in mediating the effect of marketing communication on customer decision in using Kartu As of Telkomsel broadband services in Kendari city of Indonesia. The variables used in this study are marketing communication as an independent variable, customer motivation as an intervening variable and customer decision as dependent variable. The data were collected from 100 respondents of Telkomsel mobile broadband customer using Kartu As. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) analytical tools were used to analyze the items representing each variable. This empirical study shows marketing communication affects customer motivation which in turn it affects customer decision to purchase Kartu As of Telkomsel Services. The results indicated that customer motivation plays an important role in mediating influence of marketing communication on purchase decision in buying prepaid services of Kartu As.
The Rise of “Trade Liberalization”: Bibliometric Analysis of Trade Liberalization Study
Authors: Muhammada Murtala , Ahmed Abubakar , Lola Gold Kafilah , Usman Usman Mikail , Ebrahim Nader Ale 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to assess the universal scientific trends and examine the patterns in the intellectual research published on trade liberalization over a period of 35 years (1980-2015). The data were collected from a leading indexing and abstracting database Thomson Reuters Web of Science. The Kruskal-Walis test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation were employed in analyzing the retrieved data. Based on the citation trend of first 100 highly cited published articles with the least number of authors are found to have received the highest number of citations. Our result shows that there is actual statistical significance (p˂ 0.001) between the total citations attracted by articles published by 1 author and those published by 3 and 4 authors. The word trade liberalization has become dominant and consistent in the field of the study. These research trend and interest could provide focus to researchers for future research.
Quels sont les syndromes du DSM-5 les plus associés aux idées suicidaires chez les adolescents ? Analyses selon l’âge et le sexe
Authors: Cournoyer Marilou , Labelle Réal , Berthiaume Claude , Bergeron Lise 
Published: April 2017

Cette étude transversale vise à déterminer la force d’association entre cinq catégories de syndromes du DSM-5 et les idées suicidaires en fonction de l’âge et du sexe. Quatre cent soixante-quatre jeunes âgés de 12 à 15 ans en contexte scolaire (237 filles; 227 garçons) et 141 adolescents en milieu clinique (62 filles et 79 garçons) de Montréal participent à l’étude. Chaque adolescent complète le Dominique Interactif pour Adolescents, un instrument d’évaluation de la santé mentale. En contexte scolaire, 8,6 % des adolescents présentent des idées suicidaires et 37,6 % en milieu clinique. Les résultats indiquent une forte association entre les idées suicidaires et la dépression dans les deux échantillons, indépendamment de l’âge et du sexe. Dans l’échantillon scolaire, les adolescents déprimés et les jeunes âgés de 14 et 15 ans sont plus susceptibles de présenter des idées suicidaires. De plus, les garçons avec des comportements perturbateurs et les filles présentant des symptômes de TDAH ont plus de possibilité d’avoir des idées suicidaires. Dans l’échantillon clinique, les syndromes associés aux idées suicidaires sont la dépression et la consommation de substances. La présence de dépression représente un facteur de vulnérabilité important, tant chez les filles que chez les garçons indépendamment de l’échantillon scolaire ou clinique. De plus, la présence de l’une ou l’autre des cinq catégories de syndromes psychiatriques, telle que nous l’avons évaluée, augmente le risque de présenter des idées suicidaires chez les adolescents. Les résultats de cette étude appuient la pertinence d’une identification précoce des syndromes du DSM-5 et l’importance du dépistage précoce chez les jeunes du secondaire.
Natural H2 in Kansas: Deep or shallow origin?
Authors: Guélard J. , Beaumont V. , Rouchon V. , Guyot F. , Pillot D. , Jézéquel D. , Ader M. , Newell K. D. , Deville E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA geochemical study of gas coming from three wells in northeastern Kansas supplements previous studies from the 1980s and points to a persistent regional phenomenon of H2 production. In 2008, a new well showed, just after drilling, a free gas phase with more than 80 mole % of H2, followed by water production associated with gas. This gas is mainly composed of N2, He, H2, and occasionally CH4, with changing proportions through time. A drastic decrease in H2 at the well was observed since the aquifer is produced, along with occasional recharges in H2 evidenced notably in the early phases of gas sampling. We demonstrate that this evolution of gas composition is closely associated to the well completion story. Accordingly, two distinct origins of H2 are proposed: (1) deep crustal H2: water reduction associated to iron oxidation in the Precambrian basement; (2) reactions occurring in the tubing, primarily attributed to high contents of reduced iron and/or dissolved organic carbon (DOC = 4.1 mg L−1) in the water. The low δD values averaging −760‰ are attributed to a low temperature process, possibly a re‐equilibration with water. Furthermore, the suggested origins are supported by the observed gas associations: (a) deep crustal H2 with radiogenic gases (4He and 40Ar) and metamorphic N2 (δ15N averaging +2.5‰); (b) surficial H2 with methane produced in the sedimentary aquifer and the tubing by methanogenic organisms.
Kinematics of Late Cretaceous subduction initiation in the Neo‐Tethys Ocean reconstructed from ophiolites of Turkey, Cyprus, and Syria
Authors: Maffione Marco , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , de Gelder Giovanni I. N. O. , van der Goes Freek C. , Morris Antony 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFormation of new subduction zones represents one of the cornerstones of plate tectonics, yet both the kinematics and geodynamics governing this process remain enigmatic. A major subduction initiation event occurred in the Late Cretaceous, within the Neo‐Tethys Ocean between Gondwana and Eurasia. Suprasubduction zone ophiolites (i.e., emerged fragments of ancient oceanic lithosphere formed at suprasubduction spreading centers) were generated during this subduction event and are today distributed in the eastern Mediterranean region along three ~E‐W trending ophiolitic belts. Several models have been proposed to explain the formation of these ophiolites and the evolution of the associated intra‐Neo‐Tethyan subduction zone. Here we present new paleospreading directions from six Upper Cretaceous ophiolites of Turkey, Cyprus, and Syria, calculated by using new and published paleomagnetic data from sheeted dyke complexes. Our results show that ~NNE‐SSW subduction zones were formed within the Neo‐Tethys during the Late Cretaceous, which we propose were part of a major step‐shaped subduction system composed of ~NNE‐SSW and ~WNW‐ESE segments. We infer that this subduction system developed within old (Triassic?) lithosphere, along fracture zones and perpendicular weakness zones, since the Neo‐Tethyan spreading ridge formed during Gondwana fragmentation would have already been subducted at the Pontides subduction zone by the Late Cretaceous. Our new results provide an alternative kinematic model of Cretaceous Neo‐Tethyan subduction initiation and call for future research on the mechanisms of subduction inception within old (and cold) lithosphere and the formation of metamorphic soles below suprasubduction zone ophiolites in the absence of nearby spreading ridges.
Slow‐slip events on the Whillans Ice Plain, Antarctica, described using rate‐and‐state friction as an ice stream sliding law
Authors: Lipovsky Bradley Paul , Dunham Eric M. 
Published: April 2017

The Whillans Ice Plain (WIP), Antarctica, experiences twice daily tidally modulated stick‐slip cycles. Slip events last about 30 min, have sliding velocities as high as ∼0.5 mm/s (15 km/yr), and have total slip ∼0.5 m. Slip events tend to occur during falling ocean tide: just after high tide and just before low tide. To reproduce these characteristics, we use rate‐and‐state friction, which is commonly used to simulate tectonic faulting, as an ice stream sliding law. This framework describes the evolving strength of the ice‐bed interface throughout stick‐slip cycles. We present simulations that resolve the cross‐stream dimension using a depth‐integrated treatment of an elastic ice layer loaded by tides and steady ice inflow. Steady sliding with rate‐weakening friction is conditionally stable with steady sliding occurring for sufficiently narrow ice streams relative to a nucleation length. Stick‐slip cycles occur when the ice stream is wider than the nucleation length or, equivalently, when effective pressures exceed a critical value. Ice streams barely wider than the nucleation length experience slow‐slip events, and our simulations suggest that the WIP is in this slow‐slip regime. Slip events on the WIP show a sense of propagation, and we reproduce this behavior by introducing a rate‐strengthening region in the center of the otherwise rate‐weakening ice stream. If pore pressures are raised above a critical value, our simulations predict that the WIP would exhibit quasi‐steady tidally modulated sliding as observed on other ice streams. This study validates rate‐and‐state friction as a sliding law to describe ice stream sliding styles.
The tropical cyclone response to changing wind shear using the method of time‐varying point‐downscaling
Authors: Onderlinde Matthew J. , Nolan David S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPrevious studies using idealized numerical simulations to understand the tropical cyclone (TC) response to time‐varying wind shear have applied instantaneous changes in the TC environment. This was typically accomplished by pausing the simulation, constructing a new environmental vertical wind profile, rebalancing the mass field, and then restarting the simulation. A new modeling framework allows for smoothly transitioning environmental wind states: time‐varying point‐downscaling (TVPDS). TVPDS uses large‐scale relaxation to smoothly transition between different vertical profiles of environmental wind (and/or temperature and moisture) while coordinating the point‐downscaling method such that the environment remains in balance. TVPDS simulations of quasi steady state, moderately intense (∼50 m s−1) TCs show that the response to increasing wind shear is a steady reduction in intensity without recovery to the preshear intensity. These results, which are consistent with the typical evolution of real TCs, stand in contrast to some previous studies that found a recovery to prestorm intensity after an initial weakening due to increased shear. TVPDS simulations also show that the rate at which the TC weakens depends on how rapidly the environment transitions to greater shear. Analyses of surface fluxes, regions of convection, and other variables are presented to determine how time‐varying shear affects TCs. Finally, TVPDS simulations of TCs transitioning from environments characterized by high‐shear into low‐shear environments show that a similar but opposite response occurs.
Tangent linear superparameterization of convection in a 10 layer global atmosphere with calibrated climatology
Authors: Kelly Patrick , Mapes Brian , Hu I‐Kuan , Song Siwon , Kuang Zhiming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper describes a new intermediate global atmosphere model in which synoptic and planetary dynamics including the advection of water vapor are explicit in 10 layers, the time‐mean flow is centered near a realistic state through the use of carefully calibrated time‐independent 3‐D forcings, and temporal anomalies of convective tendencies of heat and moisture in each column are represented as a linear matrix acting on the anomalous temperature and moisture profiles. Currently, this matrix is Kuang's [] linear response function (LRF) of a cyclic convection‐permitting model (CCPM) in equilibrium with specified atmospheric cooling (i.e., without radiation or WISHE interactions, so it conserves column moist static energy exactly). The goal of this effort is to cleanly test the role of convection's free‐tropospheric moisture sensitivity in tropical waves, without incurring large changes of mean climate that confuse the interpretation of experiments with entrainment parameters in the convection schemes of full‐physics GCMs. When the sensitivity to free‐tropospheric moisture is multiplied by a factor ranging from 0 to 2, the model's variability ranges from: (1) moderately strong convectively coupled Kelvin waves with speeds near 20 m s−1; to (0) similar but much weaker waves; to (2) similar but stronger and slightly faster waves as the water vapor field plays an increasingly important role. Longitudinal structure in the model's time‐mean tropical flow is not fully realistic, and does change significantly with matrix‐coupled variability, but further work on editing the anomaly physics matrix and calibrating the mean state could improve this class of models.
The effect of changes in surface winds and ocean stratification on coastal upwelling and sea surface temperatures in the Pliocene
Authors: Miller Madeline D. , Tziperman Eli 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) in subtropical eastern boundary upwelling zones is shown to be affected by three main factors: large‐scale ocean stratification, upwelling‐favorable sea surface wind stress, and the surface concentration (baroclinicity) of the alongshore pressure gradient driving the incoming geostrophic flow which balances the Ekman surface outflow. Pliocene‐aged SST proxies suggest that some combination of differences in upwelling forcing enable the sea surface temperatures in these zones to increase by up to 11°C. We find that large warming in SST in response to the three factors, of up to about 10°C in addition to a mean Pliocene ocean warming of 2–3°C, is concentrated in the direct upwelling zone. In the location of proxy sea surface temperatures, about 120 km away from the coast, and outside the coastal upwelling zone, the SST response to changes in wind and stratification is weaker, only accounting for up to 3.4°C above the mean Pliocene warming. Increased baroclinicity of the alongshore pressure gradient has a smaller effect, accounting for less than 2°C increases at both the coast and proxy site. The SST seaward (westward) of the upwelling zone is primarily determined by ocean‐atmosphere heat exchange and basin‐scale ocean forcing, rather than by changes in upwelling. The spatial pattern of SST change with each of the three forcing factors is similar, and therefore, all could contribute to the Pliocene‐modern difference in coastal SST.
Well‐Calibrated Forecasts
Authors: Gross Shulamith T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn meteorology, finance, and economics, predictions for the next period are regularly published for the consumer of such information. In weather prediction of temperature, rain occurrence, or rainfall amount, forecasts are made for the next day based on historical information of actual temperatures, other associated meteorological variables, and predictions already made, up to, and including, the present. Similar predictions are made in financial predictions of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) increase or decrease, or its actual value next month, based on past predictions and historical data available up to the current period. We review the development of the concept of calibration, the long run agreement between a regular repeated prediction and the actual quantity, in the prediction of probabilities of future events and in the prediction of entire distributions of future continuous random variables. Finally, the issue of combining several forecasts, or forecasting model predictions, in both event probability and continuous distribution, is reviewed, and the use of transformations of the weighted average prediction is described. We also briefly describe more recent results pertaining to the sharpness of well‐calibrated predictions.
Longitudinal Data Analysis
Authors: Molenberghs Geert , Verbeke Geert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFirst, models for continuous longitudinal data are discussed, with emphasis on the linear mixed model. Second, we focus on models for non‐Gaussian longitudinal outcomes, where we place emphasis on generalized linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations. Issues when comparing hierarchically and marginally formulated models are discussed. In addition, we briefly touch upon a number of issues: multivariate longitudinal data, pairwise modeling techniques, issues with large data sets, joint modeling of longitudinal and time‐to‐event outcomes, the use of longitudinal data in surrogate marker evaluation, incomplete data, and the use of Bayesian methods. Available software is discussed.