bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and validation of the first cell‐impermeant melatonin receptor agonist
Authors: Gbahou Florence , Cecon Erika , Viault Guillaume , Gerbier Romain , Jean‐Alphonse Frederic , Karamitri Angeliki , Guillaumet Gérald , Delagrange Philippe , Friedlander Robert M , Vilardaga Jean‐Pierre , Suzenet Franck , Jockers Ralf 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeThe paradigm that GPCRs are able to prolong or initiate cellular signalling through intracellular receptors recently emerged. Melatonin binds to G protein‐coupled MT1 and MT2 receptors. In contrast to most other hormones targeting GPCRs, melatonin and its synthetic analogues are amphiphilic molecules easily penetrating into cells, but the existence of intracellular receptors is still unclear mainly due to a lack of appropriate tools.Experimental ApproachWe therefore designed and synthesized a series of hydrophilic melatonin receptor ligands coupled to the Cy3 cyanin fluorophore to reliably monitor its inability to penetrate cells. Two compounds, one lipophilic and one hydrophilic, were then functionally characterized in terms of their affinity for human and murine melatonin receptors expressed in HEK293 cells and their signalling efficacy.Key ResultsAmong the different ligands, ICOA‐13 showed the desired properties as it was cell‐impermeant and bound to human and mouse MT1 and MT2 receptors. ICOA‐13 showed differential activities on melatonin receptors ranging from partial to full agonistic properties for the Gi/cAMP and ERK pathway and β‐arrestin 2 recruitment. Notably, ICOA‐13 enabled us to discriminate between Gi/cAMP signalling of the MT1 receptor initiated at the cell surface and neuronal mitochondria.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe report here the first cell‐impermeant melatonin receptor agonist, ICOA‐13, which allows us to discriminate between signalling events initiated at the cell surface and intracellular compartments. Detection of mitochondrial MT1 receptors may have an important impact on the development of novel melatonin receptor ligands relevant for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington disease.
Policy problems, publics, and the power of definition: Competing discourses and the case of Alberta's free‐roaming horses
Authors: Kincaid Adela Tesarek , Fletcher Amber J. 
Published: May 2017

Key MessagesSituational mapping can act as a visual representation of multiple perspectives and capture the complexity and shifting allegiances of involved actors.Situational mapping can inform publicly engaged policymaking and ensure that many voices and positions are identified (e.g., rural people, First Nations, Métis, horses).Consideration of physical and cultural geographic differences may be helpful to potentially define “areas” for different free‐roaming horses (FRH) management strategies.
Technoference: Parent Distraction With Technology and Associations With Child Behavior Problems
Authors: McDaniel Brandon T. , Radesky Jenny S. 
Published: May 2017

Heavy parent digital technology use has been associated with suboptimal parent–child interactions, but no studies examine associations with child behavior. This study investigates whether parental problematic technology use is associated with technology‐based interruptions in parent–child interactions, termed “technoference,” and whether technoference is associated with child behavior problems. Parent reports from 170 U.S. families (child Mage = 3.04 years) and actor–partner interdependence modeling showed that maternal and paternal problematic digital technology use predicted greater technoference in mother–child and father–child interactions; then, maternal technoference predicted both mothers’ and fathers’ reports of child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Results suggest that technological interruptions are associated with child problem behaviors, but directionality and transactional processes should be examined in future longitudinal studies.
Informed consent, community engagement, and study participation at a research site in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: van Nuil Jennifer Ilo , Kestelyn Evelyne , Umutoni Grace , Mwambarangwe Lambert , Umulisa Marie M. , van de Wijgert Janneke , Ravinetto Raffaella 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPeople enroll in medical research for many reasons ranging from decisions regarding their own or family members' health situation to broader considerations including access to health and financial resources. In socially vulnerable communities the choice to participate is often based on a risk‐benefit assessment that goes beyond the medical aspects of the research, and considers the benefits received. In this qualitative study, we examined the motivations of Rwandan women to participate in a non‐commercial collaborative research study examining the safety, acceptability, and adherence of a contraceptive vaginal ring in Rwanda juxtaposed with the perceptions of the research within the community.351 women attended the screening visit, four were excluded because they were not able to complete the assessment of understanding. The remaining participants' ages ranged from 17 to 38 and 80% had primary level of education or below. 120 were enrolled. Findings highlighted motivations for joining the study that were relayed both formally by the clinic (e.g. testing and treatment) and informally by the community including the positive aspects of the ring. There were also some negative rumors circulating regarding the research site, likely from excluded participants who faced potential stigma based on that exclusion. It was understood by most participants that they were enrolled in a research study and participants actively sought out enrollment in the research for a variety of reasons. The experiences demonstrate that although inequalities in access to health care may create conflicting situations around the study, it is possible to form partnerships between a research center and participants/their partners, for research about reproductive health.
Small intestinal strangulation in a tear in the mesometrium of a nonpregnant mare
Authors: Steward S. K. , Bauck A. G. , Zoll W. , Conway J. A. , Freeman D. E. 
Published: May 2017

SummarySmall intestinal strangulation was found at necropsy in the left mesometrium of a nonpregnant 10‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare subjected to euthanasia because of colic. The tear had smooth fibrotic edges, consistent with its development in one of two normal pregnancies, the last one at least 1 year preceding admission. This is a rare lesion and this report demonstrates that such a tear can develop during pregnancy without inducing small intestinal strangulation and that pregnancy is not required for strangulation to develop later. Therefore, all attempts should be made to close such tears at the time of initial surgery, if accessible, or later as a planned laparoscopic procedure.
Disentangling species and functional group richness effects on soil N cycling in a grassland ecosystem
Authors: Wei Xiaorong , Reich Peter B. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Kazanski Clare E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpecies richness (SR) and functional group richness (FGR) are often confounded in both observational and experimental field studies of biodiversity and ecosystem function. This precludes discernment of their separate influences on ecosystem processes, including nitrogen (N) cycling, and how those influences might be moderated by global change factors. In a 17‐year field study of grassland species, we used two full factorial experiments to independently varySR(one or four species, withFGR = 1) andFGR(1–4 groups, withSR = 4) to assessSRandFGReffects on ecosystem N cycling and its response to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and N addition. We hypothesized that increased plant diversity (eitherSRorFGR) and elevatedCO2would enhance plant N pools because of greater plant N uptake, but decrease soil N cycling rates because of greater soil carbon inputs and microbial N immobilization. In partial support of these hypotheses, increasingSRorFGR(holding the other constant) enhanced total plant N pools and decreased soil nitrate pools, largely through higher root biomass, and increasingFGRstrongly reduced mineralization rates, because of lower root N concentrations. In contrast, increasingSR(holdingFGRconstant and despite increasing total plant C and N pools) did not alter root N concentrations or net N mineralization rates. ElevatedCO2had minimal effects on plant and soil N metrics and their responses to plant diversity, whereas enriched N increased plant and soil N pools, but not soil N fluxes. These results show that functional diversity had additional effects on both plant N pools and rates of soil N cycling that were independent of those of species richness.
Questioning “digital ethnography” in an era of ubiquitous computing
Authors: Duggan Mike 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article questions what “digital ethnography” is and how geographers may use it in an era of ubiquitous and pervasive computing. Unlike scholars from cognate disciplines, including the new subfields of digital anthropology and digital sociology, geographers have yet to adopt this term and associated methods on a significant scale in their own ethnographic studies of spatial practices in the digital age. The article asks what has become of an “analogue” or “conventional” ethnography in the digital age, and queries whether digital ethnography offers something new for geographers, or simply reinforces the problematic virtual/real, online/offline binaries that geographers have strived to pull apart over the past decade. Ultimately, this article aims to provoke a timely discussion about “the digital” and ethnographic research in geography. Surveying recent geographic theorisations of the digital, it suggests ways in which ethnographic research may respond to this work.
Associations of prenatal and early life dietary inflammatory potential with childhood adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in Project Viva
Authors: Sen S. , Rifas‐Shiman S. L. , Shivappa N. , Wirth M. D. , Hebert J. R. , Gold D. R. , Gillman M. W. , Oken E. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundLimited information exists regarding the association between early‐life diet and cardiometabolic risk.ObjectivesExamine associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) in pregnancy and early childhood (3–5 years) with adiposity, blood pressure and metabolic markers in mid‐childhood (6–10 years).MethodsAmong 992 mother–child pairs from Project Viva, a pre‐birth cohort, we examined associations of DII scores with outcomes using multivariable linear regression adjusted for child age and sex and maternal age, BMI, education, parity, smoking, race and income.ResultsMean (SD) maternal DII in pregnancy was −2.6(1.4) units and in child DII in early childhood was 0.3(0.7). Mean mid‐childhood BMI z‐score was 0.40(0.98) units. In boys only, DII in early childhood was associated with higher BMIz (adjusted β = 0.16 units per unit DII, 95%CI 0.02, 0.29), waist circumference (0.93 cm; −0.07, 1.92) and skin fold thicknesses (1.12 mm; 0.01, 2.23). Dietary inflammatory index in the highest quartiles during both pregnancy and in early childhood, compared to the lowest quartiles, was associated with higher waist circumference (2.4 cm; 0.14, 4.6) in all children, and BMIz in boys (0.78 units; 0.34, 1.22). Associations with BP and metabolic markers were null.ConclusionsA pro‐inflammatory diet in pregnancy and early childhood may promote the development of adiposity.
A review of the use of ark sites and associated conservation measures to secure the long‐term survival of White‐clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Authors: Nightingale J. , Stebbing P. , Sibley P. , Brown O. , Rushbrook B. , Jones G. 
Published: May 2017

In response to the global decline of the White‐clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes, key conservation strategies have been developed in the United Kingdom and Ireland, including the supplementation of existing populations and establishment of new populations, using captive‐breeding methods and/or translocations. The South West Crayfish Partnership (SWCP), a group of UK‐based conservation organizations, oversees population‐enhancement programmes in south‐west England. Since 2006 the SWCP has established 16 ark sites (safe refuges) and conducted one river supplementation. In total, 17 sites have been stocked with over 5000 translocated and captive‐hatched A. pallipes, increasing the number of discrete in situ populations in the region by at least 75%. A similar programme in southern Wales, led by Natural Resources Wales, has restocked three river catchments and one English still‐water site with a total of over 4700 captive‐reared juvenile A. pallipes. Although many of these ark sites are newly established, preliminary monitoring results are encouraging; at least 75% of ark sites in south‐west England are currently viable and the three Welsh sites that have been monitored so far suggest continued presence of White‐clawed crayfish.
Recruiting nurses through social media: Effects on employer brand and attractiveness
Authors: Carpentier Marieke , Van Hoye Greet , Stockman Sara , Schollaert Eveline , Van Theemsche Bart , Jacobs Gerd 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate whether and how nurses' exposure to a hospital's profile on social media affects their perceptions of the hospital's brand and attractiveness as an employer.BackgroundSince in many places across the globe hospitals are struggling with nursing shortages, competition is rising to be perceived as an attractive employer by this target group. Organizations are increasingly using social media for recruitment, however, little is known about its effects on potential applicants' perceptions of the organization as an employer. We thus examine whether these effects occur and rely on the media richness theory to explain the mechanisms at play.DesignA between‐subjects experimental design was applied. Three conditions were used: a control group, one condition that required visiting the Facebook page of a hospital and one condition that required visiting the LinkedIn page.MethodThe focal organization was an existing Belgian hospital which had a LinkedIn and a Facebook page. An online questionnaire was sent to nursing students and employed nurses over 5 months in 2015–2016.ResultsNurses' exposure to the hospital's Facebook or LinkedIn page had a significant positive effect on a majority of the employer brand dimensions, both instrumental and symbolic. In addition, nurses who visited the Facebook page felt more attracted to working at the hospital. Most of these effects were mediated by social presence.ConclusionNurses' perceptions of employers can be positively influenced by seeing a hospital's social media page. Hospitals can thus employ social media to improve their employer brand image and attractiveness.
Tracking the reading eye: towards a model of real‐world reading
Authors: Jarodzka H. , Brand‐Gruwel S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEye tracking has helped to understand the process of reading a word or a sentence, and this research has been very fruitful over the past decades. However, everyday real‐world reading dramatically differs from this scenario: we read a newspaper on the bus, surf the Internet for movie reviews or browse folders at work to fill in forms. Therefore, we propose to structure eye‐tracking research in reading into three levels of reading: level 1 research on reading to investigate single words or sentences, level 2 research on reading and comprehending a whole text and level 3 research on reading and processing involving several text documents. The present Special Section includes three articles investigating real‐world reading on levels 2 and 3. These articles show how real‐world reading can be investigated by means of eye tracking and complementary methods, to understand how we read, comprehend and integrate texts in realistic, everyday scenarios. Such new research lines broaden our knowledge of reading itself.
The EU as a Coherent (Cyber)Security Actor?
Authors: Carrapico Helena , Barrinha André 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe last three decades have seen the development of the European Union (EU) as a security actor. The transnational character of the security threats and the challenges identified by the EU have led to progressive integration between internal and external security concerns. These concerns have often led to calls for greater coherence within EU security policies. The literature, however, indicates that this need for coherence has, so far, not been systematically operationalized, leading to a fragmented security field. This article has two main aims: To devise a framework for the analysis of the EU's coherence as a security actor, and to apply it to the cybersecurity field. By focusing on EU cybersecurity policy, this article will explore whether the EU can be considered a coherent actor in this field or whether this policy is being implemented according to different and unco‐ordinated rationales.
Blood pressure circadian rhythms and adverse outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension
Authors: Chang Jing , Hou Yuan‐Ping , Wu Jin‐Ling , Fang Xiang‐Yang , Li Sheng‐Li , Liu Miao‐Bing , Sun Qian‐Mei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionPatients with diabetes frequently develop orthostatic hypotension (OH). The present study was designed to examine the relationship of blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythms and outcomes in diabetes with OH.Materials and MethodsIn the present study, 173 inpatients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Patients were divided into an OH group and a non‐OH group according to the BP changes detected in the supine and standing position. Then, 24‐h ambulatory BP was monitored. Patients were followed up for an average of 45 ± 10 months post‐discharge. Outcomes – death and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, including heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke – were recorded.ResultsThere were 61 patients (35.26%) in the OH group and 112 patients (64.74%) in the non‐OH group. In the OH group, the night‐time systolic BP and night‐time diastolic BP were higher, the blood BP rhythms were predominantly of the riser type (67.21%). OH was as an independent marker of riser type circadian rhythm (adjusted odds ratio 4.532, 95% confidence interval 2.579–7.966). In the OH group, the incidence rates of mortality, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were increased significantly compared with those in the non‐OH group (11.48 vs 2.68%, P = 0.014; 37.70 vs 8.93%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn patients who had type 2 diabetes diagnosed with OH, the BP circadian rhythm usually showed riser patterns, and they had increased rates of mortality, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.
Protective effect and antibody response of DNA vaccine against salmonid alphavirus 3 (SAV3) in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Chang C J , Gu J , Robertsen B 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis work reports the effect of two DNA vaccines against salmonid alphavirus 3 (SAV3) in Atlantic salmon. Presmolts were vaccinated by intramuscular injection of plasmids encoding the SAV3 structural polyprotein C‐E3‐E2‐6K‐E2 (pCSP), E2 only (pE2), or plasmid without insert (pcDNA3.3). E2 is expressed at the surface of cells transfected with pCSP and internally in cells transfected with pE2. A commercial vaccine based on inactivated SAV (NCPD) was used for comparison. At 10 weeks post‐vaccination, only fish vaccinated with pCSP showed antibody against E2 and virus‐neutralizing activity. Vaccinated fish were infected with SAV3 to determine protection by virus quantitation in serum after 7 days and scoring of pathological changes after 21 days. Fish vaccinated with both pCSP and NCPD vaccines showed significant virus reduction in serum, while fish vaccinated with pE2 did not. All fish vaccinated with pcDNA3.3 and pE2 showed pathological changes in organs typical of PD, 60% of fish vaccinated with NCPD showed PD pathology, while fish vaccinated with pCSP did not show PD pathology. Taken together, DNA vaccination with pCSP provided strong protection for salmon against SAV3 infection, which in part may be due to production of virus‐neutralizing antibodies.
The “Black Foreigner” in the Quintana Roo Territory (Mexico): Between Otherness and Sameness
Authors: Cunin Elisabeth 
Published: May 2017

ResumenEl Territorio de Quintana Roo, en el sur‐este de México, en la frontera con Belice, nace en 1902. En esta región periférica, la población constituye una herramienta estratégica de afirmación de la soberanía y de la identidad nacionales. Esta investigación propone una sociología histórica que estudia a la vez la racialización de las políticas migratorias, las medidas de integración y de desarrollo de la región y las negociaciones entre administraciones del centro (México) y de la capital del Territorio (Payo Obispo, Chetumal). Se interesa en la emergencia de una nueva entidad político‐administrativa al margen de la nación y reubica México en el marco de las migraciones post‐esclavistas. Se trata así de introducir una alteridad no indígena en las reflexiones sobre nación, mestizaje y raza, a partir de la figura del “extranjero negro.” [extranjero, mestizaje, nación, negro, Belice, México]
“The fowl are in fact our enemy”
Authors: Goultschin Moshe 
Published: May 2017

The metamorphosis of Jewish identity portrayed by Aharon Appelfeld in his early stories and essays relates closely to the perspective of Jewish society in a process of assimilating, and in the sea change that the “Holocaust that descended suddenly” forced onto the “depleted Jewish consciousness” that characterized it, as Appelfeld describes it in First Person Essays, (1979): “All of their beliefs were as if overturned in a day. Nothing was left but Jewish bareness” (Appelfeld , 10). Exposed with the appearance of the enemy, the “Jewish bareness” became a founding stone of the new Judaism, “reborn” in response to the rage of the oppressor. It is this central intuition that Appelfeld examines in the story “The Fowl.”Appelfeld's “The Fowl” is based on one of the lesser known texts of Rabbi Nahman of Bratslav, which appear together in the book Hayyei Moharan. This story, as portrayed in the essay, symbolizes a decisive shift in consciousness for Rabbi Nahman, a metamorphosis that, as in Appelfeld's story, reveals Jewish bareness symbolized by vultures.
Jewish Communality in German Avant‐Garde Magazines of the 1910s and 1920s
Authors: Sjöberg Sami 
Published: May 2017

During the 1910s and 1920s the so‐called ‘little magazines’ were vital intermediaries of the new art movements in Germany. At the time, the Jewish community's patronage of the avant‐garde was essential due to the positions of many of its members as cultural mediators. The magazines established an alternative distribution channel for uncustomary topics, and particularly for the avant‐gardists’ heterodox accounts of Judaism. This article investigates the community that these publications established, and the purpose of their community‐making. The avant‐gardist communities reflect the heterogeneous character of the Jewish community by questioning the principles of identity and sameness as their foundation. Arguably, the impulse to modernise the Jewish community led to a double de‐territorialisation: German‐Jewish artists involved in the avant‐garde were revisionists within Jewry and yet ‘too Jewish’ for the mainstream population. The texts concerning Jews and Judaism published in the avant‐garde magazines supported the creation of an alternative Jewish community. Accordingly, the little magazines functioned as mirrors of their contemporary Jewish community and its relations to avant‐gardist communality.