bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of Diagnosis and Drug Treatments of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Nutt David J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAnxiety disorders are common and often disabling. They fall into five main categories: panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, each of which have characteristic symptoms and cognitions. All anxiety disorders respond to drugs and psychological treatments. This review will focus on drug treatments. Recent research has emphasized the value of antidepressants especially the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and related sedative-like compounds. The common co-existence of depression with all of the anxiety disorders means that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are now generally considered to be the first-line treatments but the benzodiazepines have some utility especiaRy in promoting sleep and working acutely to reduce extreme distress.
Pattern of Comorbidity Among Anxious and Odd Personality Disorders: The Case of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Authors: Rossi Alessandro , Marinangeli Maria Grazia , Butti Giancarlo , Kalyvoka Artemis , Petruzzi Concetta 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the pattern of comorbidity among obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and other personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of 400 psychiatric inpatients. PDs were assessed using the Semistructured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine significant comorbidity among OCPD and other axis II disorders. The most elevated odds ratios were found for the cooccurrence of OCPD with cluster A PDs (the “odd” PDs, or paranoid and schizoid PDs). These results are consistent with those of previous studies showing a higher cooccurrence of OCPD with cluster A than with cluster C (“anxious”) PDs. In light of these observations, issues associated with the nosologic status of OCPD within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders clustering system remain unsettled.
Processing of Situational Information in Story Problem Texts. An Analysis from On-Line Measures
Authors: Orrantia Josetxu , Muñez David , Vicente Santiago , Verschaffel Lieven , Rosales Javier 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn three experiments, we investigated the extent to which readers process information related to the construction of a situation model when they are confronted with solving word problems. Considering that generation of inferences to match actions with particular goals is part of constructing of the situation model, we constructed “rich story problems”, that is, word problems included in the context of a story, in which the characters propose goals, and then these goals are followed by actions to achieve it. In Experiments 1 and 2 the story problems were designed so that the character’s goal was related to the activation of a problem schema, either explicitly (Experiment 1) or implicitly (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3 the problem schema activation was clearly separated from the goal information. In all three experiments, goal information availability was assessed by on-line measures. The results showed that participants processed situational information by keeping track of characters’ goals. These results fit nicely with those studies that emphasize the role of situation model construction in word problem solving.
Plasmonic phase modulator based on novel loss-overcompensated coupling between nanoresonator and waveguide
Authors: Im Song-Jin , Ho Gum-Song , Yang Da-Jie , Hao Zhong-Hua , Zhou Li , Kim Nam-Chol , Kim Il-Gwang , Wang Qu-Quan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe present that surface plasmon polariton, side-coupled to a gain-assisted nanoresonator where the absorption is overcompensated, exhibits a prominent phase shift up to π maintaining the flat unity transmission across the whole broad spectra. Bandwidth of this plasmonic phase shift can be controlled by adjusting the distance between the plasmonic waveguide and the nanoresonator. For a moderate distance, within bandwidth of 100 GHz, the phase shift and transmission are constantly maintained. The plasmonic phase can be shift-keying-modulated by a pumping signal in the gain-assisted nanoresonator. A needed length in our approach is of nanoscale while already suggested types of plasmonic phase modulator are of micrometer scale in length. The energy consumption per bit, which benefits from the nano size of this device, is ideally low on the order of 10 fJ/bit. The controllable plasmonic phase shift can find applications in nanoscale Mach–Zehnder interferometers and other phase-sensitive devices as well as directly in plasmonic phase shift keying modulators.
The divisible load balance problem with shared cost and its application to phylogenetic inference
Authors: Scholl Constantin , Kobert Kassian , Flouri Tomáš , Stamatakis Alexandros 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMotivated by load balance issues in parallel calculations of the phylogenetic likelihood function, we recently introduced an approximation algorithm for efficiently distributing partitioned alignment data to a given number of CPUs. The goal is to balance the accumulated number of sites per CPU, and, at the same time, to minimize the maximum number of unique partitions per CPU. The approximation algorithm assumes that likelihood calculations on individual alignment sites have identical runtimes and that likelihood calculation times on distinct sites are entirely independent from each other. However, a recently introduced optimization of the phylogenetic likelihood function, the so-called site repeats technique, violates both aforementioned assumptions. To this end, we modify our data distribution algorithm and explore 72 distinct heuristic strategies that take into account the additional restrictions induced by site repeats, to yield a ‘good’ parallel load balance.Our best heuristic strategy yields a reduction in required arithmetic operations that ranges between 2% and 92% with an average of 62% for all test datasets using 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 CPUs compared to the original site-repeat-agnostic data distribution algorithm.
Host dispersal as the driver of parasite genetic structure: a paradigm lost?
Authors: Mazé‐Guilmo Elise , Blanchet Simon , McCoy Karen D. , Loot Géraldine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnderstanding traits influencing the distribution of genetic diversity has major ecological and evolutionary implications for host–parasite interactions. The genetic structure of parasites is expected to conform to that of their hosts, because host dispersal is generally assumed to drive parasite dispersal. Here, we used a meta‐analysis to test this paradigm and determine whether traits related to host dispersal correctly predict the spatial co‐distribution of host and parasite genetic variation. We compiled data from empirical work on local adaptation and host–parasite population genetic structure from a wide range of taxonomic groups. We found that genetic differentiation was significantly lower in parasites than in hosts, suggesting that dispersal may often be higher for parasites. A significant correlation in the pairwise genetic differentiation of hosts and parasites was evident, but surprisingly weak. These results were largely explained by parasite reproductive mode, the proportion of free‐living stages in the parasite life cycle and the geographical extent of the study; variables related to host dispersal were poor predictors of genetic patterns. Our results do not dispel the paradigm that parasite population genetic structure depends on host dispersal. Rather, we highlight that alternative factors are also important in driving the co‐distribution of host and parasite genetic variation.
Accounting for Stylised Facts about Recent Anti‐dumping: Retaliation and Innovation
Authors: Miyagiwa Kaz , Song Huasheng , Vandenbussche Hylke 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRecent work has found certain stylised facts about anti‐dumping (AD) actions. (i) AD actions are mostly between industrial and developing countries; (ii) developing countries use AD to retaliate against industrial countries; and (iii) AD is concentrated in R&D‐intensive industries. This study develops an analytical framework that can account for these empirical findings. The model suggests that market expansions and/or improvement in R&D capability in the South are essential in avoiding AD wars with the North. Interestingly, stricter enforcement of intellectual property rights in the South has little effect on stopping AD wars between the North and the South.
LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY USING WEB-BASED LEITNER BOX WITH SOCIAL NETWORK
Authors: Gao Yunxia , Tasir Zaidatun , Harun Jamalludin , Jumaat Nurul Farhana 
Published: January 2016

The aim of the research is to explore the impact of the web-based Leitner Box which is enhanced with social network, particularly Facebook on English vocabulary learning. This research used mixed research design and the data were collected both in qualitative and quantitative ways. The instruments include questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and performance tests. 35 university’s students were chosen randomly as the respondents for the questionnaire and 30 students from English class were chosen purposively to do the pre-test and post-test. From the findings, it is discovered that students agreed they have problems in learning vocabulary (mean = 3.98). The web-based Leitner Box has a significant positive impact on English vocabulary learning (p<0.05). Findings from the questionnaires also revealed that students gave positive opinions toward web-based Leitner box (mean = 4.28). In term of whether the element of social network can be beneficial to students, the findings showed that social network helps students to learn English vocabulary in this collaborative learning environment (mean = 4.28). The students claimed that web-based Leitner Box and social network make the vocabulary learning process much easier and more interesting by sharing information and actively participating in the collaborative learning environment.
EVALUATION OF THREE RNA EXTRACTION METHODS FROM THREE CULTIVARS OF MALAYSIAN UPLAND RICE
Authors: Mohd Arif Shahkila , Ma Nyuk Ling , Wagiran Alina , Rahmat Zaidah 
Published: January 2016

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) can be divided into two major categories, which is upland rice and lowland rice. Apart from being the staple food for more than half of the world population, it is also known as model plant for functional genomics study. However, it possess high amount of starch and polysaccharide that makes the isolation of good quality RNA for downstream purposes often a difficult task. While there are many studies being carried out for lowland rice extraction, none has been reported for upland rice. This study is the first to report on evaluation of three RNA extraction methods for three Malaysian upland rice cultivars in order to determine the best method to isolate high grade RNA. The result obtained demonstrated that good quality RNA in terms of integrity, purity and quality can be isolated from young leaves of these cultivars by using guanidine isothiocyanate based extraction method that is fast, simple and efficient and had been proven suitable for further downstream applications.
Safety and efficacy of prothrombin complex concentrate as first-line treatment in bleeding after cardiac surgery
Authors: Cappabianca Giangiuseppe , Mariscalco Giovanni , Biancari Fausto , Maselli Daniele , Papesso Francesca , Cottini Marzia , Crosta Sandro , Banescu Simona , Ahmed Aamer B. , Beghi Cesare 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
Bleeding after cardiac surgery requiring surgical reexploration and blood component transfusion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) has been used satisfactorily in bleeding disorders, studies on its efficacy and safety after cardiopulmonary bypass are limited.

Methods
Between January 2005 and December 2013, 3454 consecutive cardiac surgery patients were included in an observational study aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of PCC as first-line coagulopathy treatment as a replacement for fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Starting in January 2012, PCC was introduced as solely first-line treatment for bleeding following cardiac surgery.

Results
After one-to-one propensity score–matched analysis, 225 pairs of patients receiving PCC (median dose 1500 IU) and FFP (median dose 2 U) were included. The use of PCC was associated with significantly decreased 24-h post-operative blood loss (836 ± 1226 vs. 935 ± 583 ml, p < 0.0001). Propensity score–adjusted multivariate analysis showed that PCC was associated with significantly lower risk of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions (odds ratio [OR] 0.50; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.80), decreased amount of RBC units (β unstandardised coefficient −1.42, 95 % CI −2.06 to −0.77) and decreased risk of transfusion of more than 2 RBC units (OR 0.53, 95 % CI 0.38–0.73). Patients receiving PCC had an increased risk of post-operative acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR 1.44, 95 % CI 1.02–2.05) and renal replacement therapy (OR 3.35, 95 % CI 1.13–9.90). Hospital mortality was unaffected by PCC (OR 1.51, 95 % CI 0.84–2.72).

Conclusions
In the cardiac surgery setting, the use of PCC compared with FFP was associated with decreased post-operative blood loss and RBC transfusion requirements. However, PCC administration may be associated with a higher risk of post-operative AKI.
Status of coastal forests of the Northern Sumatra in 2004's tsunami catastrophe)
Authors: ONRIZAL ONRIZAL , MANSOR MASHHOR 
Published: January 2016

Onrizal, Mansor M. 2015. Status of coastal forests of the Northern Sumatra in 2005 (after 2004's tsunami catastrophe) Biodiversitas 17: 44-54. The first intensive ecological study of coastal vegetation including mangrove, littoral and peat swamp forests after the 2004 tsunami catastrophe in Northern Sumatra was conducted from January to December 2005 where 16 sampling sites along 2960km coastline in Northern Sumatra were selected. In each site, one quadrate of 100 m x 100 m was established and divided into 10 m x 10 m subplots where all standing trees of â‰¥ 2 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were identified to species level and measured. Overall 54,871 standing trees were recorded in 16 sites comprising 84 species in 65 genera and 37 families. Mangrove trees Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata were widely distributed and are dominant in most of the sampling sites. This indicated that these species have stronger resilient compared to other species. The highest value of Shannon-Wiener index of species and Evenness index of speciesÂ was 3.03 and 0.85, respectively. It means that some sites were rich in biodiversity which harbors various species of plants. Subsequently, undisturbed coastal forests including mangroves, littoral forests and peat swamp forests characterized by dense stands, mixed species and structures play an important role in coastal protection against tsunami. Therefore, the coastal vegetation is needed to conserve the biodiversity and to maintain the production capacity as part of sustainable and longlasting vegetation bioshield.
Renormalized volume and the evolution of APEs
Authors: Bahuaud Eric , Mazzeo Rafe , Woolgar Eric 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe study the evolution of the renormalized volume functional for even-dimensional asymptotically Poincaré-Einstein metrics (M, g) under normalized Ricci flow. In particular, we prove thatwhere S(g(t)) is the scalar curvature for the evolving metric g(t). This implies that if S +n(n − 1) ≥ 0 at t = 0, then RenV(Mn , g(t)) decreases monotonically. For odd-dimensional asymptotically Poincaré-Einstein metrics with vanishing obstruction tensor,we find that the conformal anomaly for these metrics is constant along the flow. We apply our results to the Hawking-Page phase transition in black hole thermodynamics.We compute renormalized volumes for the Einstein 4-metrics sharing the conformal infinity of an AdS-Schwarzschild black hole. We compare these to the free energies relative to thermal hyperbolic space, as originally computed by Hawking and Page using a different regularization technique, and find that they are equal.
Genetic Disorders Affecting Tubulin Cytoskeleton
Authors: Markova Maya D. , Chakarova Irina V. , Zhivkova Ralitsa S. , Nikolova Venera P. , Hadzhinesheva Valentina P. , Delimitreva Stefka M. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
The tubulin cytoskeleton is vital for maintenance and dynamics of eukaryotic cells and molecular defects in its components can lead to serious conditions. So far, mutations in genes for alpha-, beta- and gamma-tubulin, motor proteins of the kinesin and dynein family, microtubule-associated and centrosomal proteins have been found to cause disorders in humans. Most phenotypic effects are on the nervous system, leading to abnormal brain development (e.g. lissencephaly and microcephaly) or to neurodegeneration in later life (e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia). Another group of disorders include the ciliopathies, caused by defects in the axoneme. They include primary ciliary dyskinesia (immotile cilia syndrome), which is characterized by chronic respiratory infections, male infertility and randomly established left-right asymmetry. In most cases, the underlying defects are in axonemal dynein. Mutations in genes for centrosomal components have been shown to cause cortical dysplasia and dwarfism by disrupting the mitotic spindle, and some cases of infertility with maturation arrest are likely to be caused by unidentified mutations damaging the meiotic spindle. In view of these diverse phenotypes, knowledge about mutations affecting tubulin cytoskeleton becomes increasingly useful for clinical practice.
Alcohol Septal Ablation
Authors: Petrova Desislava P. , Marchev Sotir T. , Kuzmanov Boyko D. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
Since 1994, alcohol septal ablation (ASA) has been used as a minimally invasive treatment of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, resistant to conservative medical therapy. This catheter-based intervention consists of injecting absolute alcohol in a septal perforator to induce infarction of the hypertrophied septum and thus diminish the left ventricle outflow tract obstruction. This reduction of the gradient is associated with reduction of symptoms and left ventricle remodeling. The procedure was improved after the introduction of myocardial contrast echocardiography for visualization of the area at risk of infarction and reduction of the alcohol amount. Major complications of ASA are rare but centers with experience have reported conduction disorders - about 10% of patients needed permanent pacing because of complete AV block. Large randomized prospective studies have not yet compared alcohol septal ablation to the gold standard for treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy - surgical myomectomy.
Antihypertensive Effect Of Magnesium Sulfate (Cormagnesin®) And Its Combination With Furosemide On Conscious Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Simeonova Katerina D. , Dimitrov Krassimir D. , Danchev Nikolay D. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
The present study demonstrates the antihypertensive effect of magnesium sulfate (Cormagnesin®) and its combination with Furosemide on conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after intravenous infusion. Experiments were carried out on six groups of conscious male SHR (n=6). Under short anesthesia the rats were chronically instrumented for intravenous (i.v.) drug administration. The arterial blood pressure (AP) was measured by indirect tale method. Cormagnesin® was applied by i.v. infusion in doses of 5, 20 and 40 mg/kg; and furosemide (10 mg/kg) was applied intraperitoneally. Experimental results showed significant decrease of AP after i.v. infusion of 20 mg/kg Cormagnesin® as well as after application of the Cormagnesin® and furosemide combination. The hypotensive effects of 40 mg/kg Cormagnesin® and of furosemide were not significant. There was no significant difference between the antihypertensive effects of Cormagnesin® and its combination with furosemide but the combination showed much better hypotensive effect than Furosemide (p<0.05). Our study demonstrated the antihypertensive effect of magnesium sulfate on conscious SHR after i.v. application. Our results suggest that the antihypertensive effect of magnesium sulfate in the doses applied is not dose-dependent. Magnesium sulfate potentiates the antihypertensive effect of furosemide in SHR.
Comparative Study Of The Protective Effect Of Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit Juice And Quercetin In A Model Of Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity In Rats
Authors: Valcheva-Kuzmanova Stefka 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice (AMFJ) is very rich in polyphenolic compounds. Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid, one of AMFJ polyphenols. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of AMFJ in comparison with quercetin in a model of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. AMFJ at doses of 2.5 and 5.0 ml/kg and quercetin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg were administered daily orally from day 1 to day 7 to different animal groups. Paracetamol was applied intraperitoneally (1.0 g/kg) on day 5. Blood and liver ware taken for biochemical investigations on day 7. Liver toxicity was estimated by the serum activities of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Oxidative stress was estimated by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver homogenate and serum. Paracetamol caused a significant elevation of serum AST and ALT, and induced lipid peroxidation as measured by the significant increase of TBARS in serum and liver. In animals pretreated either with AMFJ or quercetin, liver enzyme activities did not differ significantly from the control levels. Both AMFJ and quercetin prevented the elevation of TBARS in the liver at the two applied doses and in the serum only at the higher of the tested doses. In the present model of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity, the protective effect of AMFJ was comparable to that of quercetin.
SND Rs1799889(-) In The Promotor Of The Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene Contributes To The Risk Of DVT In Women
Authors: Komsa-Penkova Regina S. , Golemanov Georgi M. , Cankov Boris D. , Beshev Lubomir C. , Ivanov Petar D. , Tonchev Pencho T. , Andreeva Tonja D. , Todinova Svetla J. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) depends on the specific genotype, inheritance of prothrombotic polymorphisms and the influence of environmental risk factors. Rs1799889(-) polymorphism in the promotor of PAI-1 gene has been described as a risk factor for hypercoagulable state. Objective: To evaluate the contribution of thrombophilic rs1799889 (-) in the promotor of PAI-1 gene on the incidence of DVT in women and men in groups below and above 45 years of age. Тhere was significantly higher rs1799889 (-) polymorphism carriage among female patients with DVT vs controls (Chi squared =5.506, OR=2.170, p=0.021) but not in male patients (Chi squared =0.090 OR=1.147, p=0.825). A significant contribution of rs1799889 (-) polymorphism to early onset of the disease was found in female patients aged 45+ and carriers of the polymorphism (Chi squared =7.476, p=0.006), but not in young women.