bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using spaceborne LiDAR to reveal drivers of animal demography
Authors: Barry Brent R. , Holbrook Joseph D. , Vogeler Jody C. , Elliott Lisa H. , Weldy Matthew J. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Epps Clinton , Wilson Todd , Vierling Kerri T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRemote sensing can provide continuous spatiotemporal information about vegetation to inform wildlife habitat estimates, but these methods are often limited in availability or lack adequate resolution to capture the three‐dimensional vegetative details critical for understanding habitat. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is a spaceborne light detection and ranging system (LiDAR) that has revolutionized the availability of high‐quality three‐dimensional vegetation measurements of the Earth's temperate and tropical forests. To date, wildlife‐related applications of GEDI data or GEDI‐fusion products have been limited to estimate species habitat use, distribution, and diversity. Here, our goal was to expand the use of GEDI‐based applications to wildlife demography by evaluating if GEDI data fusions could aid in characterizing demographic parameters of wildlife. We leveraged a recently published dataset of GEDI‐fusion forest structures and capture–mark–recapture data to estimate the density and survival of two small mammal species, Humboldt's flying squirrel (Glaucomys oregonensis) and Townsend's chipmunk (Neotamias townsendii), from three studies in western Oregon spanning 2014–2021. We used capture histories in Huggins robust design models to estimate apparent annual survival and density as a derived parameter. We found strong support that both flying squirrel and chipmunk density were associated with GEDI‐fusion forest structures of foliage height diversity and plant area volume density in the 5–10 m strata for flying squirrels and proportionately higher plant area volume density in the 0–20 m strata for chipmunks, as well as other spatiotemporal factors such as elevation. We found weak support that apparent annual survival was associated with GEDI‐fusion forest structures for flying squirrels but not for chipmunks. We demonstrate further utility of these methods by creating spatially explicit density maps of both species that could aid management and conservation policies. Our work represents a novel application of GEDI data to evaluate wildlife demography and produce continuous spatially explicit density predictions for these species. We conclude that aspects of small mammal demography can be explained by forest structure as characterized via GEDI data fusions.
Kinetico‐Mechanistic Studies of Cu(II)‐Mediated Cyclization of Imines via C−H Bond Activations
Authors: Pla Daniel , Ferrer Montserrat , Gómez Montserrat , Martinez Lopez Manuel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein, we focus on the kinetico‐mechanistic studies of a carboxylate and Cu(II)‐assisted synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines encompassing C(sp3)−H amination and cyclization of imines coupled with C(sp2)−H cyanation using time‐resolved UV‐Vis reaction monitoring and ex‐situ analyses. Thus, kinetic studies have been carried out, providing a proof of the elementary steps involved, allowing for batch analysis of the compounds present in solution via MS. The experimental data obtained are consistent with the formation of a cyclometalated complex (k1) involving a C(sp3)−H bond cleavage followed by a reductive elimination/proton abstraction event (k2), both showing high enthalpy‐demanding transition states. The two processes show a well‐defined Eyring behavior with values of ΔH≠ and ΔS≠ within the expected range. Further insights on the intermediate fast C(sp2)–cyanation are also presented together with control reactions.
Organocatalytic Applications of Sulfonyl Squaramides in Anion‐Recognition Strategies
Authors: Benítez Manuel , Matador Esteban , Velázquez Marta , Lassaletta José M. , Fernández Rosario , Monge David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA modular, 3‐steps protocol for the synthesis of N‐sulfonyl squaramides has been developed. The strategic installation of a tetrahedral, electron‐withdrawing sulfonyl group into the squaramido core allowed the prevention of undesired self‐aggregations, therefore upgrading the solubility in common organic solvents, and moreover, enhancing their H‐bond donor abilities for molecular recognition. These unique features have been efficiently exploited in two different ion‐pairing reactions: (i) the challenging C4‐selective dearomatization of 2‐picoline with silyl ketene acetals and (ii) the tritylation of N‐methylindole. Furthermore, their catalytic activities have been directly compared with other common and well‐established (thio)urea analogues and related H‐bond donors, revealing that highly acidic designs are essential to reach optimal catalytic performances.
Lewis Acid‐Promoted C−H Chalcogenation of Arenes and Heteroarenes
Authors: Vishwakarma Rahul , Sharma Pragya , Kumar Hazra Chinmoy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn efficient catalytic system employing TMS•OTf for the regioselective thiolation of electron‐rich arenes with sulfonyl hydrazides has been developed. The reaction occurs in a solvent mixture of dichloroethane and trifluoroethanol under mild conditions, with the addition of water. This method furnishes a range of para‐thio‐substituted arenes and 3‐sulfenyl‐indoles in good to excellent yields, marking a significant advancement in organic synthesis.
Practicable Syntheses of Electroluminescent Ionic 2,2′‐Bifluorenes
Authors: Jackman Edward H. , Ward Oliver J. , Li Yi , Court Katie L. , Carroll Robert C. , Coles Simon J. , Beeby Stephen P. , Chataigner Isabelle , Legros Julien , Harrowven David C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of a practicable library synthesis of ionic 2,2′‐bifluorenes is described that improves the safety and reduces waste associated with the ubiquitous method of preparing these and related electroluminescent compounds. Additionally, an X‐ray crystal structure that reveals how triflate counterions can provide a second link between the alkylimidazolium subunits and the photoluminescent core is presented.
The analytical curvature distribution model of columns and mathematical solution for pushover analysis
Authors: Zhong Jian , Zhu Yanyan , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe acquisition of a flexural backbone curve for columns primarily relies on finite element analysis and experiments, of which the complexity and high cost are significant challenges. Hence, this study proposes an analytical curvature distribution model (CDM) along the full height of the column, which is the key point of formula derivation and theoretical solution of the column backbone curve. The proposed CDM is a piecewise function model composed of linear and quadratic functions, with the characteristics of continuity and differentiability at the intersection point. The deformation compatibility equations, equilibrium equations, and material constitutive equations based on the variables of CDM are constructed to form an equation system, the solution of which can be theoretically determined by an iterative algorithm. Furthermore, 155 test specimen columns of different materials, for example, reinforced concrete, high‐strength reinforced concrete, and shape memory alloy are used to validate the proposed CDM and mathematical solutions of pushover analysis through three crucial indicators, that is, goodness of fit of backbone curve, ultimate displacement, and peak force, indicating strong practicability, high accuracy, and wider applicability. This theoretical method can be applied to deal with the key issues of interest during pushover analysis, that is, predicting the flexural backbone curves with different materials, determining the curvature distribution throughout the entire process of pushover analysis, and characterizing the evolution process of the plastic region.
The Role of Transoral Robotic Palatine and Lingual Tonsillectomy in the Diagnosis of Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in the Head and Neck Region
Authors: Mc Loughlin Laura , Zhang Henry , Blom Megan , Walsh Michael , Moran Tom , Dixon Benjamin , Magarey Matthew , O'Duffy Fergal 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) lingual tonsillectomy in the diagnostic algorithm for head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) has gained recent popularity. The primary aim of our study was to determine the identification rate of primary tumors in our cohort undergoing lingual ± palatine tonsillectomy for the workup of head and neck CUP.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of all patients undergoing diagnostic TORS for head and neck CUP over an eight‐year period, across four centers in two countries.ResultsFifty‐six patients undergoing TORS to aid diagnosis of a primary site were included. Overall, TORS lingual ± palatine tonsillectomy identified a primary tumor in 41 (73.2%) patients. Over half were T1 tumors, with 25% measuring under 10 mm. Among those with human papilloma virus (HPV)+ nodal disease, the identification rate was 82.6%.ConclusionsTORS lingual tonsillectomy is an effective addition to the diagnostic workup of CUP, particularly in those with HPV+ nodal disease.
Acceptability and validity of HPV self‐sampling for cervical cancer screening among women living in different ecological settings in India
Authors: Mishra Gauravi A. , Pimple Sharmila A. , Anand Kavita V. , Kulkarni Vasundhara Y. , Patil Anil S. , Biswas Sanjay K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIndia records one fifth of global cervical cancer burden. Unlike human papillomavirus (HPV) self‐sampling, other screening methods may cause discomfort and embarrassment. This study aimed to investigate attitudes, acceptability, barriers, predictors, effective modality of instructions, and validity of HPV self‐sampling among Indian women residing in varied settings and different literacy levels. This is community‐based interventional study among Indian women 30–55 years, residing in urban slums (500), urban non‐slums (500), and rural (600) settings with varied washroom facilities and privacy, to collect self‐samples. Each group was subdivided into two arms; in one women received education with pamphlets and other with health education program (HEP). Study involved enlisting eligibles, obtaining informed consents and conducting personal interviews to collect baseline data. Self‐samplers were distributed with instructions (pictorial pamphlets in one group and HEP in other) regarding usage, storage and return. Willingness to use self‐samplers, refusals, experiences, and so forth were captured. Post‐intervention knowledge, attitudes, practices was recorded. HPV reports were distributed. Women with positive result on either test were offered further management. Acceptance rate of self‐sampling was 99.2%, 97%, and 98.8% and HPV positivity was 7%, 7.8%, and 8.5%, respectively among urban non‐slum, urban slum and rural women. Agreement rate between health personnel collected and self‐collected samples was 96.5% in pamphlet and 93.2% in HEP arm. Major barriers of self‐sampling were lack of confidence about performing self‐test correctly, fear that test would be painful and anxiety about test results. HPV self‐sampling has good acceptability among Indian women and good agreement with health personnel collected samples.
Environmental Performance in Insurance Companies: The Role of Women
Authors: Allodi Evita , Ammari Aymen , Salerno Dario , Stella Gian Paolo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the relationship between board gender diversity and environmental performance in European insurance companies. Through an analysis of 53 insurance companies listed in 14 European countries between 2011 and 2021, the empirical analysis presents a significant and positive relationship between board gender diversity and the environmental performance of insurance companies, especially in reducing emissions and increasing environmental innovations. Furthermore, external factors such as renewable energy consumption and forest area demonstrate a significant and positive moderating role in the connection between board gender diversity and environmental performance.
Unveiling women's lived experiences with care provided by a pregnancy heart team: A qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Vanharen Yaël , Knollenburg Laury , Van Berendoncks An , Mannaerts Dominique , Goossens Eva 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to gain an in‐depth understanding of the lived experiences of women with CVD regarding their care by a pregnancy heart team (PHT) during pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period.MethodsUsing a qualitative phenomenological study, data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 13 women receiving follow‐up care from a PHT at a large tertiary center. Data were collected between December 2022 and September 2023, and thematic content analysis was conducted.ResultsThe lived experiences of women with CVD were reflected in the PHT by two main themes: “emotional distress” and “(dis‐)organization of care.” The “emotional distress” theme had sub‐themes of “awareness and impact of CVD on pregnancy,” “loneliness,” and “need for psychological support.” The theme of “(dis)organization of care” was expressed through the sub‐themes of “(dis‐)continuity of care” and “(expected) skills of healthcare providers.”ConclusionThe current study findings highlight the impact of CVD on pregnancy and the emotional challenges faced by women with CVD during the course of their pregnancy. Improvements in accessibility, timeliness, reciprocity and shared decision‐making, and psychological support could contribute to more patient‐centered care.
Periprosthetic and peri‐implant femoral fractures and timeliness to surgery: A retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Alarcón Felix , Sköldenberg Olof , Magnéli Martin , Axenhus Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposePeriprosthetic (PPFF) and peri‐implant femoral fractures (PIFFs) are troublesome complications of prosthetic and implant surgery, the prior being described to have a greater delay to surgery when compared with standard hip fractures. The implications of PPFF delay being disputed in the current literature and those of PIFF have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether the time from radiological examination to surgery differs between hip fractures and PPFF/PIFF, and the possible consequences of delay and group affiliation on morbidity, mortality, and readmissions.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐six participants were admitted to Danderyd hospital during 2020, cases exposed to PPFF or PIFF (n = 35) and hip fracture controls (n = 101) matched at 1:3 with respect to age and sex. Timestamps from radiology, surgery, and death were retrieved from the Swedish fracture registry, data on adverse events (AEs), and readmissions were collected through retrospective medical record review for 90‐days postsurgery.ResultsLinear regression showed that time to surgery differed in case and control cohorts by a mean of 24.8 h, p < 0.001, and AEs were significantly more common in cases, p = 0.046. Unadjusted binary logistic regression indicated a possible relationship between time to surgery increasing the rate of AEs by 1.3% per hour of delay, 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1–1.03).ConclusionThis study reveals a significant delay in surgery for PPFFs and PIFFs compared with standard hip fractures, leading to higher adverse event rates. While mortality and readmissions did not differ significantly, the delay underscores the need for timely intervention in these complex cases. Further research is needed to address these challenges and improve patient outcomes.Level of EvidenceIII
Finite element analysis confirms the optimal apex position in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy to avoid lateral hinge fracture
Authors: Osmani Humza T. , Gupta Radhika , Earl Rosemary , Tomaszczyk Stanisław , Turmezei Tom , Segal Neil A. , Sutcliffe Michael , Melton Joel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeLateral hinge fracture is a significant complication of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. While fracture risk is closely associated with the osteotomy apex position, the optimum position remains variable within the literature. Our hypothesis is that stresses at the osteotomy apex predicted by finite element analysis can be used to identify an apex position which minimises intra and postoperative fracture risks.MethodsA finite element model was studied to investigate the effect of varying the hinge position on fracture risk and severity for a given bone geometry; variables analysed included stress, strain and micromotion levels. Nine further knee models were studied to assess the variability between patients' bone properties and examine the effect of apex location on strains.ResultsLateral hinge width and height significantly influence intra‐operative stress, strain, and fracture risk, while hinge width predominately determines postoperative stability. Wider hinges improve postoperative stability, but increase the likelihood of intra‐articular fractures. Aiming the apex at the fibular head height minimises strain. The osteotomy apex should be located such that the hinge width is equal to 13% of the medial‐lateral width to minimise apex stress and fracture risk while preserving sufficient bone at the hinge for stability. The height of the apex from the tibial plateau should maintain a minimum value of 16% of the medial‐lateral width to avoid intra‐articular fracture, with the apex below the fibula head if necessary. The size of the tibia does not alter the optimal location, making our findings applicable across all tibia sizes.ConclusionsOur study has investigated and verified a proposed optimal apex position, based upon fracture risk prediction and micromotion at the osteotomy apex. This is clinically useful due to the potential use of the apex point on preoperative 2D radiographs when planning surgery.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
Protein requirements in adults with phenylketonuria and bioavailability of glycomacropeptide compared to an l‐amino acid‐based product
Authors: Turki Abrar , Stockler‐Ipsiroglu Sylvia , Sirrs Sandra , Branov Jennifer , Bosdet Taryn , Elango Rajavel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. Treatment is primarily a low‐Phe diet combined with l‐amino acid‐based products (l‐AA). Protein requirements in adults with PKU have not been directly determined. A formula with glycomacropeptide (GMP) and low phenylalanine is available, yet untested for optimal protein synthesis.ObjectivesTo determine the protein requirements in adults with PKU and the bioavailability of GMP‐AA in the same patients using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique.MethodsEach participant was allocated to 7 separate l‐AA intakes (range: 0.1–1.8 g/kg/day) in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, the same patients participated in 4 GMP‐AA intakes (range: 0.1–0.9 g/kg/day). The IAAO method with l‐[1‐13C]‐lysine as the indicator amino acid and its oxidation to 13CO2 was used as the primary indicator of protein synthesis. Protein requirements were identified with a breakpoint, and bioavailability was determined by comparing 13CO2 slope from GMP‐AA versus l‐AA.ResultsSix adults with PKU (4 M: 2F) completed a total of 54 study days over the 2 experiments. The estimated average requirement (EAR) for protein was determined to be 1.11 g/kg/day (R2 = 0.20). The bioavailability of protein from GMP‐AA was determined to be 99.98%, which was high and near to 100% comparable to l‐AA; although, the results apply only to the tested GMP‐AA blend.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to directly define a quantitative protein requirement and indicates that current PKU protein recommendations for adults with PKU may be underestimated. The bioavailability of protein in the GMP‐AA blend was high and optimal for protein synthesis in adults with PKU.
Aesthete Pattern Diversity in Chiton Clades (Mollusca: Polyplacophora): Balancing Sensory Structures and Strength in Valve Architecture
Authors: Ampuero Andre , Vončina Katarzyna , Parkinson Dilworth Y. , Sigwart Julia D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTChitons possess the most elaborate system of shell pores found in any hard‐shelled invertebrate. Although chitons possess some anteriorly located sense organs, they lack true cephalization, as their major sensory systems are not concentrated in a distinct head region. Instead, the aesthete system within their shells forms a dense sensory network that overcomes the barrier of their hard dorsal armour. The basic arrangement of neural structures embedded within a solid, opaque matrix, has confounded understanding of the overall network. In this study, we use synchrotron X‐ray μCT to visualise the aesthete canal networks inside chiton valves. We selected representatives from all three major chiton clades: Lepidopleurida, the basal branching clade, and Callochitonida and Chitonida, which both have more complex shell morphology, to compare internal structure. Lepidopleurida aesthete canals are oriented vertically and pass directly through the shell to connect with the body. By contrast, aesthetes canals in Callochitonida and Chitonida have complex internal structures with extended horizontal passages, coalescing at the shell diagonal that corresponds to the valve insertion slits. This represents a stepwise evolution of chiton shell form, where thicker and more complex valves require a diverting and rewiring of the entire sensory network. Aspects of the aesthete system, such as the microscopic arrangement of surface pores, have long been used in chiton taxonomy for species diagnoses; insertion slits should also be understood as a secondary feature of the aesthete system. Chiton shell structures that are used for morphological systematics are driven by sensory adaptations.
Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus infection and its association with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general adults: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Xiaoping , Huang Xueliang , Li Yushao , Li Lixia , Liao Jiaman , Huang Hao , Zhao Ying , Zhan Yiqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo investigate the association between Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection and both all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in a representative cohort of US adults, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III; 1988‒1994) were analyzed, including 13,993 participants aged 18‒90 years who underwent KSHV serology evaluations. Mortality outcomes were ascertained through December 2019 using the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine the association between KSHV seropositivity and mortality, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, and serum TG. Over a median follow‐up period of 26.5 years, 5503 deaths were recorded. KSHV seropositivity was associated with an increased hazard of all‐cause mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.32, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03‒1.69) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.00‒2.50) after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index. Notably, the association between KSHV infection and all‐cause mortality persisted among women (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02‒1.72) after adjusting for all confounders, whereas the association with cardiovascular mortality was only statistically significant for men (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.53).KSHV infection may represent an independent risk factor for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality among US adults. These findings highlight the need for further research to validate these associations in independent populations and to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the observed increased mortality associated with KSHV infection.