bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulations of novel multi- chalcogenide CuAgBeSnSe4 based thin film solar cell with over 24% efficiency using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Zhu Hanming , Liu Yingkai , Li Decong , Kang Kunyong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For solar cell applications, the multi-chalcogenide CuAgBeSnSe4 (CABTSe) shows promise as a potential absorbing material. In this study, numerical simulations were conducted for the ITO/CABTSe/Ag2S/Au structure, which was screened from a group of 50 CABTSe-based thin film solar cells (TFSCs) using the SCAPS-1D code. We explored the influence of various parameters such as thickness, doping concentration, defect density, mobility, and electron affinity on the photovoltaic performance of the screened device. Under optimized parameters, the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, filling factor, and efficiency of the photovoltaic device were 1.099 V, 25.5 mA cm−2, 86.48%, and 24.24%, respectively. This study provides an effective approach for using CABTSe-based TFSCs as a replacement for traditional Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4-based TFSCs.
High-frequency average phase compensation method for gamma nonlinearity based on optimal-frequency strategy
Authors: Chen Boyang , Wan Yingying , Li Jinlong , Yang Kai , Luo Lin , Li Hongmei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The accuracy of fringe projection phase-shifting profilometry (PSP) is affected by gamma nonlinearity greatly, and the average phase compensation method is an effective technique to reduce the nonlinear error. However, double fringe patterns are commonly required, especially combined with the multi-frequency phase unwrapping method (MFPU), using 6 × 3 images in three-frequency method, which limits the measurement eiciency. To reduce the number of required images, this paper presents an efficient average phase compensation method using 6f

h
+ 3f

l
+ 3f

u
algorithm based on an optimal-frequency strategy. Six high-frequency standard and π/3 shifted 3-step phase-shifting fringe patterns are used together to generate high-accuracy wrapped phase. Three unit-frequency and three low-frequency fringe patterns are used to obtain coarse a unit-frequency wrapped phase and a coarse low-frequency wrapped phase, respectively. To ensure the robust phase unwrapping for high-frequency phase, the mathematical model of the optimal frequency is derived and determined by phase error amplitude calculation. Simulation and experimental results verified that only applying average phase compensation under the guidance of optimal-frequency selection strategy could achieve robust phase unwrapping and high-accurate measurement by reducing the nonlinear error substantially.
Bound-state confinement after trap-expansion dynamics in integrable systems
Authors: Biagetti Leonardo , Alba Vincenzo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Integrable systems possess stable families of quasiparticles, which are composite objects (bound states) of elementary excitations. Motivated by recent quantum computer experiments, we investigate bound-state transport in the spin-

1

/

2

anisotropic Heisenberg chain (XXZ chain). Specifically, we consider the sudden vacuum expansion of a finite region A prepared in a non-equilibrium state. In the hydrodynamic regime, if interactions are strong enough, bound states remain confined in the initial region. Bound-state confinement persists until the density of unbound excitations remains finite in the bulk of A. Since region A is finite, at asymptotically long times bound states are ‘liberated’ after the ‘evaporation’ of the unbound excitations. Fingerprints of confinement are visible in the space-time profiles of local spin-projection operators. To be specific, here we focus on the expansion of the p-Néel states, which are obtained by repetition of a unit cell with p up spins followed by p down spins. Upon increasing p, the bound-state content is enhanced. In the limit

p
→
∞

one obtains the domain-wall initial state. We show that for p < 4, only bound states with n > p are confined at large chain anisotropy. For

p
≳
4

, bound states with n = p are also confined, consistent with the absence of transport in the limit

p
→
∞

. The scenario of bound-state confinement leads to a hierarchy of timescales at which bound states of different sizes are liberated, which is also reflected in the dynamics of the von Neumann entropy.
Experimental verification of characteristic parameter analysis method for pipeline leak before break
Authors: Zhang Liming , Wang Chen , Tan Tian , Chen Ling , Xu Yanlong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The failure mode of the nuclear reactor main pipeline is often the first break and then leakage, i.e., Leak-Before-Break (LBB). If the LBB analysis technique of the pipeline is used in the design, the double-end shear fracture accident of the pipeline can be avoided. In this paper, it is assumed that an annular penetration crack already exists in the pipeline, and the tip-opening displacement of the crack and the leakage rate of the pipeline under high pressure are calculated by using LBB theoretical analysis. Then, according to the assumed conditions, the LBB test design of the pipeline under high pressure is carried out, and the crack tip opening displacement δ and the leakage rate Q of the pipeline under high pressure are measured through the experiments.
Nanometer-thick Ga/Al substituted yttrium iron garnet ultra-thin films by liquid phase epitaxial method
Authors: Zhang Yuanjing , Yang Qinghui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In microwave and spintronic applications, the Gilbert damping coefficient and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) line width play a decisive role in the component losses. Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film is a good candidate due to the extremely small damping factor. 4.8 and 51.3 nm ultra-thin Y3(GaAlFe)5O12 (GaAl-YIG) films are grown on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate using liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) technology. The films show a (111) orientation and tensile strain, and the roughness of the film surface is small. The films show a low saturation magnetization because of Ga and Al substituted, and the comparison of magnetization properties with film thickness is analyzed. The FMR line width is tested, and the calculated damping constant of the 51.3 nm film is on the order of 10−4. The structural and magnetization properties analysis demonstrates that LPE technology has the potential to provide nanometer-thick garnet films for low-loss spintronic devices.
Study of the band alignment at the CZTS/ZrS2 interface based on first-principles calculation
Authors: Li Haoning 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To explore whether ZrS2 monolayer has the potential to become a buffer layer material for Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells, the band arrangement of CZTS/ZrS2 heterojunction was predicted using density functional theory(DFT) first principles. In this paper, the hybrid functional HSE06 is used in all processes. The calculated results reveal a Type III band alignment at the CZTS/ZrS2 heterojunction interface, with the maximum valence band (VBM) of CZTS positioned 1.67 eV higher than the minimum conduction value (CBM) of ZrS2. The results indicate that the CZTS/ZrS2 interface may not be well-suited for utilization in solar cells, pointing towards potential areas for further investigation.
Study on the continuous cooling transformation behavior of X65 hydrogen transportation pipeline steel
Authors: Li Tianyi , Liu Wenyue , An Tao , Liu Liu , Dai Chunduo , Sun Meihui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this work, the continuous cooling transformation (CCT) behavior of X65 hydrogen transportation pipeline steel was studied by Gleeble-3800 machine. The CCT curve was constructed by temperature-dilation curves and microstructures of samples at different cooling speeds. The Ac1 and Ac3 temperatures of the tested steel are 715 °C and 901 °C. Polygonal ferrite and pearlite can be recognized when the cooling speed is between 0.2 °C/s ~ 5 °C/s, bainite and polygonal ferrite can be recognized when the cooling speed is higher than 10 °C/s. The hot-rolling process was designed according to CCT. After finishing rolling, the air cooling steel plates possesses higher hydrogen diffusion coefficient, and the steel plates coiled at 650 °C possesses lower hydrogen diffusion coefficient.
Influence of replacement ratios of spontaneous-combustion coal gangue aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Gao Bo , Xia Dadong , Liang Xiuqing , Zhang Tirui , Wang Qinghe 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To quantify the influence of coarse spontaneous-combustion coal gangue aggregate (SCGA) replacement ratio (r
c) on the compressive strength of concrete, we reveal the deterioration mechanism of the compressive performance of spontaneous-combustion coal gangue aggregate concrete (SCGAC). 5 groups of SCGAC with different aggregate replacement ratios were designed to measure compressive strength by test, and the structures of concrete was acquired by Scanning Electron Microscope. Data reveal that as the r
c rises, there is a corresponding decrease in the compressive strength of SCGAC. Compared with natural aggregate concrete (NAC), the 28 d axial compressive strength of SCGAC with the r
c of 50% and 100% decreases by 14.61% and 19.40%, respectively. The Weibull distribution of SCGAC compressive strength is closer to the actual compressive strength distribution characteristics, which is more suitable for predicting the compressive strength of SCGAC.
Study on the mechanism of pressure-induced erosion in molten pool of EDM metal
Authors: Chen Chao , Ni Shoudong , Mhahe Fouad Ben 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study employs molecular dynamics methods to explore the mechanism of pressure-induced erosion due to the pressure differential within and outside the molten pool during the EDM process. Through simulations of the EDM process for metals such as copper and tungsten, it was found that high melting point materials exhibit slow melting and evaporation rates within the molten pool, resulting in lower internal pressures and reduced efficacy in material erosion, thereby exhibiting high erosion resistance. Experimental validation has demonstrated that the machining efficiency of metals increases with the decrease in their melting points, thus confirming the accuracy of the simulation results. This research not only unveils the micro-dynamic mechanisms of material erosion but also provides a theoretical foundation and experimental support for the advancement of EDM technology.
Effects of Co and Mo on the microstructure properties of GH4282 and the mechanical properties of metal bellows
Authors: Li Zhuoliang , Zhang Dalin , Song Linhong , Yu Xianglin , Wang Songhan , Shi Zhaoxia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the present study, a new type of Ni-Cr-Co-Mo (GH4282) precipitation-hardening superalloy was prepared on the basis of GH4202 alloy. By adding Co and Mo elements to enhance the solution-strengthening effect, good creep resistance and toughness were obtained. The results show that the strength and microstructure stability of GH4282 alloy are significantly higher than those of traditional GH4202 alloy under the condition of 700~900°C. The precipitated phase of GH4282 alloy is dominated by γ′ phase, which contains M23C6, MC, and a small amount of M6C carbide. The precipitation is mainly distributed along the grain boundaries, and has good stability at temperatures below 900°C, which can effectively pin the grain boundaries. The thermal stability of the alloy is increased. The metal bellows made of GH4282 alloy have significantly higher fatigue life and high-temperature stability, the increase of Co and Mo element content leads to the enhancement of precipitation, and the combined effect of solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening leads to the above results.
Study on spring-back characteristics of magnesium alloy plate in multi-point forming
Authors: Zhao Mengjun , Lv Dongxiong , Skib  , Zhu Pengcheng , Liu Zan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Multi-point forming (MPF) is an advanced method of plate forming with its characteristics of dieless, rapid, and flexible. In this paper, the springback of Magnesium alloy (Mg alloy) plates was researched under different geometrical conditions, mechanical properties, and constitutive models with the MPF method. The studies showed that the springback of Mg alloy plates reduced with the thickness of the plates, increased with curvature radius, and enlarged with the initial yield strength. Meanwhile, the simulated results indicated that the constitutive model had a significant influence on the springback of the Mg alloy plate forming.
Simulation and study of the flow field in a kettle-type reactor for ethylene polymerization
Authors: Ji Hou , Hong Zhang , Xinhua Ren , Jia Zhang , Chen Peng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Addressing the complexities inherent in the polymerization process for solution method polyethylene production, particularly the challenges in describing the turbulent three-dimensional flow field within the reactor and the precise design of reactor structural parameters, this research leverages computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods integrated with polymerization reaction kinetics equations. We have formulated User-Defined Functions (UDFs) for a quantitative representation of the polymerization process. Employing the Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model and Sliding Grid (SG) technique, we analyzed the flow dynamics and field distribution within the reactor, elucidating the distribution patterns of temperature, pressure, and concentration fields. A comparative assessment of simulation outcomes against experimental data revealed that the average deviation of the simulated temperature field from actual operating conditions falls within the permissible error range, thereby affirming the simulation model’s validity. Utilizing local sensitivity analysis, we investigated the impact of impeller structural parameters on mixing time and stirring power. Our analysis of the most sensitive structural parameters indicated that impeller diameter and the number of impellers are pivotal in reducing mixing time and stirring power, respectively. Notably, the stirring power escalates with an increase in the number of impellers, while the mixing time exhibits a trend of initial decrease followed by an increase with varying impeller diameters. The methodologies and patterns discerned in this study provide insightful design references for the design and optimization of reactors across different tonnages.
Preparation of carbon nanotube composite solder and analysis of the thermal properties
Authors: Cui Shizhong , Miao Wenfan , Ding Yang , Ju Bin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The solder layer constitutes a crucial component of IGBT power modules. It endures significant thermal stress during operation, and the magnitude of this stress correlates with the coefficient of thermal expansion. To prevent fatigue damage to the solder layer during operation, it is necessary to reduce the solder’s coefficient of thermal expansion, thereby alleviating the impact of thermal stress. In this paper, the method of adding carbon nanotube powder to solder is proposed to solve this problem. Firstly, the relationship between thermal stress and the coefficient of thermal expansion is analyzed, and then the mechanical ball milling method is employed to prepare composite solder with a 0.05% carbon nanotube content. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the prepared composite solder reveals homogeneous mixing and uniform distribution of carbon nanotubes on the solder particle surfaces. Furthermore, thermal expansion coefficient tests were conducted on the sintered carbon nanotube composite solder, revealing a 16.2% reduction in the coefficient due to the incorporation of carbon nanotubes.
Preliminary study on smelting micro-carbon ferromanganese alloy by electro silicon thermal one-step process
Authors: Song Yaoxin , Pang Jianming , Luo Lingen , Yue Chongfeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the related thermodynamic analysis of the one-step electro silicon thermal smelting process of micro-C-ferroalloy was carried out, and the effects of smelting temperature (T), slag alkalinity (R), silicon ratio (KSi) and holding time (t) on the appearance quality of the alloy, the Mn content, the Si content of the alloy and the Mn element recovery rate were studied. It is concluded that under the conditions of a smelting temperature of 1400°C, the basicity of slag R is 1.2, the silicon addition coefficient KSi is 1.0, the holding time is 60 min, the alloy appearance quality is good, Mn content of the alloy is high, Si content is low, and Mn yield is relatively high. Under laboratory conditions, the Mn yield of the alloy obtained by this method is low, and the thermodynamic equilibrium and reaction kinetics of the alloy melt and slag system of this method still need to be further studied to provide a theoretical basis for the expansion test.
A wireless and passive tool holder for online measurement of milling temperature
Authors: Sun Xiang , Zhang Qizhi , Tang Zilin , Liu Hongrui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The measurement of cutting temperature is very important in monitoring the manufacturing process and greatly impacts tool wear and the workpiece surface quality. Milling temperature measurement is particularly difficult due to high-speed rotation. This paper uses an intelligent and wireless passive tool-holder system for milling temperature sensing, with a resolution of 0.25°C, a range of 0~700°C, and an update speed of 10 Hz. Thermocouple is pre-embedded in the machined groove near the cutting edge on the flank face of the milling tool, and signal acquisition circuits and wireless transmission module are integrated into the tool holder system for online signal processing. Based on electromagnetic induction, the self-power supply scheme is designed by converting the rotating kinetic energy of the spindle to electricity, and hierarchical energy regulation is achieved to realize a stable and constant power supply. With a temperature-sensing intelligent tool holder, cutting experiments on different processing parameters are carried out to verify the feasibility of the measurement system.
High-efficiency tandem red organic light-emitting diodes adopting exciplex hosts
Authors: Wang Jiong , Zhang Shengdong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Deep-red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) exhibit significant potential for applications in infrared medical treatment and infrared imaging. However, the OLED performance drops significantly with increasing emission wavelength due to the energy gap law. To overcome this challenge, an efficient interfacial exciplex host, NPB/TPBi, has been developed. Simulation results indicate that the interfacial exciplex host demonstrates superior performance, compared with the bulk exciplex host and single host. To further boost the performance of red OLEDs, the interfacial exciplex host was incorporated into tandem devices, achieving an external quantum efficiency of up to 27.3%. This work offers important insights for the fabrication of efficient red OLEDs.
Study on process optimization of electroless Ni-P plating on binderless WC
Authors: Wu Xianyou , Zhou Tianfeng , Zhang Zhaoqian , Liu Peng , Yu Qian , Zhao Bin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the field of Precision Glass Molding (PGM), binderless tungsten carbide (WC) is a pivotal material for molds, despite its high processing costs and complexities. Nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) alloys also exhibit superior performance at elevated temperatures. The innovation of Ni-P/WC composite molds addresses the issue of the poor machinability of WC. This research delves into the influence of the activating solution’s concentration on the surface activation energy of WC, the quality of plating, and the deposition rate during the electroless Ni-P plating process. Additionally, the study scrutinizes how the pH level of the plating solution impacts the quality of Ni-P, the rate of deposition, and the phosphorus content. These investigations have led to the realization of an efficient and high-quality Ni-P plating process for WC.
Influence of substrate edge chamfer geometric features on the edge effect of spin-coating film
Authors: He Naipeng , Liu Qiuyu , Ying Yan , Ping Zhou 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The spin-coating method is a widely employed technique for thin film fabrication. However, edge effects can adversely affect the quality and utility of the films produced. This study investigates the influence of chamfered edges on the substrate during the spin-coating process on edge effects. Both experimental and simulation results indicate that smaller chamfer angles contribute to reducing the width of edge effects. Conversely, the width of the chamfer has a relatively minor impact on the extent of edge effects.
Modeling and prediction of workpiece nonlinear physical quantities based on extended Kalman filter
Authors: Zhang Mengdi , Lu Jiping , Zhang Faping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For the workpiece from the tool withdrawal time until the lifting of the fixture constraint is called the in-situ state. In this process, the workpiece’s state quantity changes with time, and the state quantity can be regarded as a time series physical quantity. Therefore, the physical state and geometric physical quantities in the in-situ stage can be characterized by time sequence through the deformation theory. Kalman filter is a kind of optimal estimation method that includes two processes: prediction and correction. In the process of prediction estimation, only the optimal estimation of the last time needs to be stored, which can reduce the operation cost and improve the prediction efficiency. Since the state quantity of the workpiece in situ becomes nonlinear, this paper uses the extended Kalman filter for characterization modeling and nonlinear prediction, combines the typical heat-force coupling model with the extended Kalman filter for representation, and finally obtains the modeling characterization and result prediction of the filter state quantity.