bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis by fluorescence in situ hybridization using transpapillary forceps biopsy specimens
Authors: Kato Akihisa , Naitoh Itaru , Miyabe Katsuyuki , Hayashi Kazuki , Kondo Hiromu , Yoshida Michihiro , Kato Hiroyuki , Kuno Toshiya , Takahashi Satoru , Joh Takashi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of cytology specimens has been used to diagnose biliary strictures. However, the usefulness of FISH for differentiating between cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4‐SC) has not been evaluated in forceps biopsy specimens.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 74 specimens obtained by transpapillary forceps biopsy between 2008 and 2015 from 49 consecutive patients with CCA and 25 with IgG4‐SC. Specimens were considered positive for malignancy by FISH with UroVysion® if at least five cells exhibited polysomy (a gain of two or more in chromosomes 3, 7, or 17).ResultsA total of 27 (55.1%) patients with CCA, but none of the patients with IgG4‐SC, were positive for malignancy by FISH. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FISH for the diagnosis of CCA were 55.1%, 100%, 100%, 53.2%, and 70.3%, respectively. The complementary use of FISH increased the sensitivity of hematoxylin‐and‐eosin (H&E) staining from 69.4% to 77.6%; the specificity was not reduced when either H&E or FISH was positive.ConclusionsThe use of FISH in the analysis of forceps biopsy specimens might be one option to differentiate CCA from IgG4‐SC.
Fabrication of 3D Microfluidic Channels and In‐Channel Features Using 3D Printed, Water‐Soluble Sacrificial Mold
Authors: Goh Wei Huang , Hashimoto Michinao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecent advent of additive manufacturing potentiates the fabrication of microchannels, albeit with limitations in resolution of printed structures, freedom of geometry, and choice of printable materials. Herein, a method is developed by sacrificial molding to fabricate microchannels in various polymer matrices and geometries. This method allows for rapid fabrication of 3D microchannels and channels harboring intricate in‐channel features. The method uses commercially available fused deposition modeling 3D printer and filament made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Mechanically stable molds are fabricated for 3D microchannels that can be completely removed in water. Importantly, the PVA mold is stable and resilient in hydrogels despite being hygroscopic. Perfusion channels are fabricated in biocompatible substrates such as gelatin and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. Fabrication of the network of 3D multilayer microchannels is demonstrated by preassembling sacrificial molds from modular pieces of molds. Intricate staggered‐herringbones grooves (SHGs) are also fabricated within microchannels to produce micromixers. The versatility and resilience of the method developed here is advantageous for biological and chemical applications that require 3D configurations of microchannels in various matrices, which would not be compatible with fabrication by direct 3D printing and softlithography.
Classifiers and their Metrics Quantified
Authors: Brown J. B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMolecular modeling frequently constructs classification models for the prediction of two‐class entities, such as compound bio(in)activity, chemical property (non)existence, protein (non)interaction, and so forth. The models are evaluated using well known metrics such as accuracy or true positive rates. However, these frequently used metrics applied to retrospective and/or artificially generated prediction datasets can potentially overestimate true performance in actual prospective experiments. Here, we systematically consider metric value surface generation as a consequence of data balance, and propose the computation of an inverse cumulative distribution function taken over a metric surface. The proposed distribution analysis can aid in the selection of metrics when formulating study design. In addition to theoretical analyses, a practical example in chemogenomic virtual screening highlights the care required in metric selection and interpretation.
Automatic detection of multisize pulmonary nodules in CT images: Large‐scale validation of the false‐positive reduction step
Authors: Gupta Anindya , Saar Tonis , Martens Olev , Moullec Yannick Le 
Published: January 2018

PurposeCurrently reported computer‐aided detection (CAD) approaches face difficulties in identifying the diverse pulmonary nodules in thoracic computed tomography (CT) images, especially in heterogeneous datasets. We present a novel CAD system specifically designed to identify multisize nodule candidates in multiple heterogeneous datasets.MethodsThe proposed CAD scheme is divided into two phases: primary phase and final phase. The primary phase started with the lung segmentation algorithm and the segmented lungs were further refined using morphological closing process to include the pleural nodules. Next, we empirically formulated three subalgorithms modules to detect different sizes of nodule candidates (≥3 and <6 mm; ≥6 and <10 mm; and ≥10 mm). Each subalgorithm module included a multistage flow of rule‐based thresholding and morphological processes. In the final phase, the nodule candidates were augmented to boost the performance of the classifier. The CAD system was trained using a total number of nodule candidates = 201,654 (after augmentation) and nonnodule candidates = 731,486. A rich set of 515 features based on cluster, texture, and voxel‐based intensity features were utilized to train a neural network classifier. The proposed method was trained on 899 scans from the Lung Image Database Consortium/Image Database Resource Initiative (LIDC‐IDRI). The CAD system was also independently tested on 153 CT scans taken from the AAPM–SPIE–LungX Dataset and two subsets from the Early Lung Cancer Action Project (ELCAP and PCF).ResultsFor the LIDC−IDRI training set, the proposed CAD scheme yielded an overall sensitivity of 85.6% (1189/1390) and 83.5% (1161/1390) at 8 FP/scan and 1 FP/scan, respectively. For the three independent test sets, the CAD system achieved an average sensitivity of 68.4% at 8 FP/scan.ConclusionThe authors conclude that the proposed CAD system can identify dissimilar nodule candidates in the multiple heterogeneous datasets. It could be considered as a useful tool to support radiologists during screening trials.
Care coordination: Identifying and connecting the most appropriate care to the patients
Authors: Izumi Shigeko , Barfield Patricia A. , Basin Basilia , Mood Laura , Neunzert Caroline , Tadesse Ruth , Bradley Katherine J. , Tanner Christine A. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough nurses are increasingly expected to fulfill the role of care coordinator, the knowledge and skills required to be an effective care coordinator are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge and skills required in care coordination practice using an interpretive phenomenological approach. Fifteen care coordinators from 10 programs were interviewed over a 6‐month period. Semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using interpretive phenomenology. The central theme of care coordination practice was bridging the patient and the healthcare systems. To bridge, care coordinators needed to have knowledge of the patient and healthcare system as well as the skills to identify and negotiate treatments appropriate for the patient. The most salient finding and new to this literature was that care coordinators who used their medical knowledge about available treatment options to discern and negotiate for the most appropriate care to the patient made differences in patient outcomes. Nurses with medical and healthcare system knowledge, combined with the skills to navigate and negotiate with others in an increasingly complex healthcare system, are well situated to be care coordinators and generate optimal outcomes. Further investigations of critical care coordinator competencies are needed to support nurses currently enacting the role of care coordinator and to prepare future nurses to fulfill the role.
Synthesis and characterization of organosoluble radiation‐resistant composite materials from octa(maleimidophenyl)silsesquioxane and aryldiamines
Authors: Nagendiran Shanmugam , Dinakaran Kannaiyan , Chandramohan Ayyavu , Alagar Muthukaruppan , Hamerton Ian 
Published: January 2018

Radiation‐resistant composite materials based on nano‐sized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes building blocks. We successfully synthesized via aspartimide linkages resulting from Michael addition of octa(maleimidophenyl)silsesquioxane (OMIPS) and aryldiamines OMIPS. These materials can serve as a nano building block for construction of materials with nanometer control of the periodicity of the organic and inorganic components. The monomer concentration and reaction time of polymerization are optimized, which were 0.047 mol L−1 and 96 hours, respectively. The resulting polyaspartimides (PPAIs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, dielectric analysis, thermal properties, and morphological studies. The PPAI polymers are amorphous and soluble in highly polar organic solvents and show glass transition temperatures of 297°C to 323°C. They offer good thermal stability of 437°C to 507°C under nitrogen atmosphere, high char yields of 58% to 65% at 800°C, and have a dielectric constant of 3.7 to 4.1. Transition electron microscope analysis reveals the OMIPS dispersed well in molecular level in the continuous matrix while some aggregates also seen in the matrix. The UV radiation resistance of the resulting PPAI polymers was investigated.
Highly regenerable ionic liquid microgels as inherently metal‐free green catalyst for H2 generation
Authors: Ozturk Omer F. , Demirci Sahin , Sengel Sultan B. , Sahiner Nurettin 
Published: January 2018

Polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) microgel of poly([2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) (p(MTMA)) was synthesized by using an inverse suspension polymerization technique. The anion‐exchanged PIL microgels via chloride replacement from p(MTMA) were prepared as p(MTMA)‐potassium thiocyanate (p(MTMA)‐KSCN), p(MTMA)‐sodium tetrafluoroborate (p(MTMA)‐NaBF4), and p(MTMA)‐sodium dicyanamide (p(MTMA)‐NaN(CN)2) microgels by treatment with corresponding salts of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), sodium tetrafluoroborate NaBF4, and sodium dicyanamide NaN(CN)2 in aqueous media. The prepared microgels were found to be efficient metal‐free catalysts, and their catalytic activity in H2 production from the methanolysis of NaBH4 was investigated. Moreover, various parameters affecting H2 production such as the effect of microgel size, the concentration of NaBH4, the effect of the anion in the microgel, the reusability of the microgel, and temperature were investigated. The Ea value calculated for the methanolysis reaction of NaBH4 catalyzed by p(MTMA) microgels was found as 24.1 ± 0.7 kJ mol−1 ranging from −15 to 45°C, and this Ea value is lower than some Ea values for the same reaction. Interestingly, 10‐time successive use of p(MTMA) microgel as catalyst in NaBH4 methanolysis reduced its catalytic activity to 49%, whereas the anion‐exchanged forms of p(MTMA) microgel, p(MTMA)‐KSCN, p(MTMA)‐NaBF4, and p(MTMA)‐NaN(CN)2 only reduced their catalytic activity to 89, 86, and 79%, respectively, after 10 consecutive uses. Therefore, these anion‐exchanged microgel catalysts are highly efficient in comparison with virgin p(MTMA) microgels for regenerable H2 generation from the methanolysis of NaBH4.
Disruption of mammalian SWI/SNF and polycomb complexes in human sarcomas: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: McBride Matthew J , Kadoch Cigall 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSoft‐tissue sarcomas are increasingly characterized and subclassified by genetic abnormalities that represent underlying drivers of their pathology. Hallmark tumor suppressor gene mutations and pathognomonic gene fusions collectively account for approximately one‐third of all sarcomas. These genetic abnormalities most often result in global transcriptional misregulation via disruption of protein regulatory complexes which govern chromatin architecture. Specifically, alterations to mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF or BAF) ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and polycomb repressive complexes cause disease‐specific changes in chromatin architecture and gene expression across a number of sarcoma subtypes. Understanding the functions of chromatin regulatory complexes and the mechanisms underpinning their roles in oncogenesis will be required for the design and development of new therapeutic strategies in sarcomas. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food provisioning in Magellanic penguins as inferred from stable isotope ratios
Authors: Ciancio Javier E. , Yorio Pablo , Wilson Rory , Frere Esteban 
Published: January 2018

RationaleFood provisioning is considered one of the main traits affecting offspring fitness. Differences in food provisioning between sexes, particularly in dimorphic species, could affect the amount and type of food provided, due to differences in the amount of food carried to the nest as a result of differential resources exploitation. Quantitative evidence for sexual differences in food provisioning by parents in penguins is scarce. The Magellanic penguin is moderately sexually dimorphic and breeds along a broad latitudinal range, with birds north and south of this range being essentially dietary specialists while those at intermediate latitudes consume a more diverse diet.MethodsWe used stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen by isotope ratio mass spectrometry to examine if there was a differential parental contribution to chicks in ten Magellanic penguin colonies throughout its latitudinal breeding distribution. We used the heuristic Euclidean isotopic distance (ED) and individual isotope distances between the chicks and their parents as a proxy for diet similarity (the smaller the distance, the more similar the diet).ResultsThe analysis showed that chicks tended to have a more similar diet to that of their male parent and that this pattern was more evident at colonies and in seasons where penguins had a more diverse diet, which could be explained by differences in diet between parents. Distance in δ15N values, but not in δ13C values, differed between both sexes and their chicks in all the pairs sampled, suggesting that δ15N values drive the differences found in ED between chicks and their parents.ConclusionsWe have developed an approach that provides the first assessment of the extent of differential food provisioning between male and female Magellanic penguins. Results suggest chicks have a diet more similar to that of their male parent, probably related to the higher trophic level of male penguin prey.
Mechano‐Based Transductive Sensing for Wearable Healthcare
Authors: Wang Ting , Yang Hui , Qi Dianpeng , Liu Zhiyuan , Cai Pingqiang , Zhang Han , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWearable healthcare presents exciting opportunities for continuous, real‐time, and noninvasive monitoring of health status. Even though electrochemical and optical sensing have already made great advances, there is still an urgent demand for alternative signal transformation in terms of miniaturization, wearability, conformability, and stretchability. Mechano‐based transductive sensing, referred to the efficient transformation of biosignals into measureable mechanical signals, is claimed to exhibit the aforementioned desirable properties, and ultrasensitivity. In this Concept, a focus on pressure, strain, deflection, and swelling transductive principles based on micro‐/nanostructures for wearable healthcare is presented. Special attention is paid to biophysical sensors based on pressure/strain, and biochemical sensors based on microfluidic pressure, microcantilever, and photonic crystals. There are still many challenges to be confronted in terms of sample collection, miniaturization, and wireless data readout. With continuing efforts toward solving those problems, it is anticipated that mechano‐based transduction will provide an accessible route for multimode wearable healthcare systems integrated with physical, electrophysiological, and biochemical sensors.
Using XFEM to model the effect of different axial compression on the hysteretic behaviour of the flexure‐dominant RC columns
Authors: Yu Jiangtao , Zhan Kaili , Li Lingzhi , Yu Kequan 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe axial compression ratio has a significant effect on the strength and ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to seismic loads. However, limited numerical models have been found to be able to consider the effect of axial compression ratio in mesoscopic scale. To achieve a sound understanding of the hysteretic mechanism of RC columns with different axial compression ratios, a novel modelling method was developed by employing the following techniques: (a) the extended finite element method for modelling crack initiating and propagating in concrete; (b) the contact algorithm for modelling the crack closure; and (c) the Cartesian type “connector” for modelling the interaction between concrete and steel bars. The effectiveness of the proposed model was validated in macroscopic scale by the results of a previous experimental study. Further analysis indicates that the axial compression ratio controls the axial deformations of RC columns, thus leads to different performances of concrete and steel under seismic loads. Based on the individual flexural contributions of the concrete and the steel bars, the effect of the axial compression ratio and the pinching effect is explained in a finer scale. The analytical results shed some light on the seismic mechanism of RC columns with different axial compression ratios.
Comparison of Adverse Events and Outcomes Between Patients With and Without Drain Insertion After Hepatectomy: A Propensity Score‐Matched, Multicenter, Prospective Observational Cohort Study in Japan (CSGO‐HBP‐001)
Authors: Yamada Terumasa , Gotoh Kunihito , Marubashi Shigeru , Asaoka Tadafumi , Miyamoto Atsushi , Kobayashi Shogo , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Shimizu Junzo , Kim Yongkook , Tsujie Masanori , Noda Takehiro , Yokoyama Shigekazu , Takeda Yutaka , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdverse events (AEs) after hepatectomy (Hx) have decreased. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of Hx and to identify the risks and benefits of drain insertion.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2012, a multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted in consecutive patients who underwent Hx. Patients who were scheduled to undergo Hx with neither reconstruction of the biliary tract nor concomitant resection of other organs were excluded. AEs were graded based on the Clavien–Dindo classification. Univariate analysis was performed to identify the risks and benefits in all cases and in selected cases matched by propensity score.ResultsThis study included 197 patients. AEs occurred in 20 (10.1%). In all cases, no difference in the rate of AE was observed between those with and without drain insertion. Postoperative hospital stay in the group with drains (n = 132) was statistically longer than that in the group without drains (n = 65) (17.7 vs. 11.5 days, P = 0.001). In patients without AE (n = 177), hospital stay in the group with drains was statistically longer than that in the group without drains (14.1 vs. 11.3 days, P < 0.001). In propensity score‐matched cases (41 cases in each group), postoperative hospital stay in the group with drains was also statistically longer than that in the group without drains (17.3 vs. 11.4 days, P = 0.003).ConclusionDrain insertion after hepatectomy may lead to longer hospital stay in patients with and without AE.
Post‐operative Complications Following Emergency Operations Performed by Trainee Surgeons: A Retrospective Analysis of Surgical Deaths
Authors: Ferrah Noha , Stephan Karen , Lovell Janaka , Ibrahim Joseph , Beiles Barry 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdequate surgical care of patients and concurrent training of residents is achieved in elective procedures through careful case selection and adequate supervision. Whether this applies when trainees are involved in emergency operations remains equivocal. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the risk of post‐operative complications following emergency procedures performed by senior operators compared with supervised trainees.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study examining in‐hospital deaths of patients across all surgical specialties who underwent emergency surgery in Australian public hospitals reported to the national surgical mortality audit between 2009 and 2015. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore whether there was an association between the level of operator experience (senior operator vs trainee) and the occurrence of post‐operative surgical complications following an emergency procedure.ResultsOur population consisted of 6920 patients. There were notable differences between the trainees and senior operator groups; trainees more often operated on patients aged over 80 years, with cardiovascular and neurological risk factors. Senior operators more often operated on very young and obese patients with advanced malignancy and hepatic disease. Supervised trainees had a lower rate of post‐operative complications compared with senior operators; 18% (n = 396) and 25% (n = 1210), respectively (p < 0.05). Operations performed by trainees were associated with an 18% decrease (95% CI 5–29%; p < 0.05) in odds of post‐operative complications compared with senior operators, adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionsContrary to popular belief, our results suggest that supervised trainees safely perform emergency operations, provided that cases are judiciously selected.
Understanding, Recognising and Treating Co-occurring Anxiety in Autism
Authors: Rodgers Jacqui , Ofield A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Autistic people are at increased risk of anxiety, with around 50% of autistic adults and children experiencing this debilitating mental health condition. The purpose of this review is to consider some contemporary ideas about underlying mechanisms for anxiety in autism, explore issues in the identification and assessment of anxiety and discuss emerging trends in anxiety interventions for autistic people, before identifying some important next steps in the field.

Recent Findings
Emerging evidence suggests that anxiety may present differently in autism compared to the general population and that whilst CBT holds promise, there may be important differences in neurobiological, affective and cognitive responses to stressors for autistic people, which warrant tailored anxiety models, assessments and interventions.

Summary
We conclude that research is needed to develop and evaluate theoretical frameworks, assessment methods and interventions for anxiety in autism, particularly for autistic adults and those with co-occurring intellectual disability.