bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foetal Microchimerism Correlates With Foetal‐Maternal Histocompatibility Both During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Authors: Staff Anne Cathrine , Fjeldstad Heidi E. , Olsen Maria B. , Øgaard Jonas , Viken Marte K. , Kramer Cynthia S. M. , Eikmans Michael , Kroneis Thomas , Sallinger Katja , Kanaan Sami B. , Sugulle Meryam , Jacobsen Daniel P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFoetal cells are detectable in women decades postpartum, a state termed foetal microchimerism. The interplay between these semi‐allogeneic foetal cells and the mother could be affected by genetic mismatches in the HLA loci. Here, we relate HLA allele and molecular mismatch values to the presence and quantity of foetal microchimerism in the maternal circulation during pregnancy and postpartum. A total of 76 pregnant women were included, of which 59 were followed up 1–8 years postpartum. Maternal and foetal DNA was genotyped for HLA class I and II loci. Foetal cells in maternal buffy coat were detected by qPCR, targeting inherited paternal alleles. Antibody‐verified eplet mismatch and Predicted Indirectly Recognisable HLA Epitopes (PIRCHE) scores were calculated to quantify foetal‐maternal histocompatibility from the mother's perspective. Circulating foetal cells were detected in 50.0% (38/76) of women during pregnancy, and 25.4% (15/59) postpartum. During pregnancy, HLA class II antibody‐verified eplet mismatch load and PIRCHE scores correlated negatively with the presence and quantity of foetal cells in the maternal circulation. Postpartum, HLA class I allele mismatches correlated negatively with foetal microchimerism presence, while HLA class II allele mismatches, HLA class I and II antibody‐verified eplet mismatch load, and PIRCHE‐I and PIRCHE‐II scores correlated negatively with both microchimerism presence and quantity. The correlation between mismatch parameters aimed at evaluating the risk of humoral and T cell‐mediated allorecognition and foetal microchimerism was more evident postpartum than during pregnancy. The observed predictive effect of foetal‐maternal histocompatibility on foetal microchimerism suggests that circulating foetal cells are subject to clearance by the maternal immune system. We propose that allorecognition of foetal cells in the maternal circulation and tissues influences any long‐term effect that foetal microchimerism may have on maternal health.
Peptide Sharing Between CMV and Mismatched HLA Class I Peptides Promotes Early T‐Cell‐Mediated Rejection After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Peereboom Emma T. M. , de Marco Renato , Geneugelijk Kirsten , Jairam Jasvir , Verduyn Lunel Frans M. , Blok Anna J. , Medina‐Pestana José , Gerbase‐DeLima Maria , van Zuilen Arjan D. , Spierings Eric 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is related to acute rejection and graft loss after kidney transplantation, though the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Some CMV strains produce a peptide that is identical to a peptide sequence found in the leader peptide of specific HLA‐A and ‐C alleles. In this retrospective study of 351 kidney transplantations, we explored whether CMV‐seropositive recipients without the VMAPRTLIL, VMAPRTLLL or VMAPRTLVL HLA class I leader peptide receiving a transplant from a donor with this peptide, faced an increased risk of T‐cell‐mediated rejection (TCMR) in the first 90 days after transplantation. An independent case–control cohort was used for validation (n = 122). The combination of recipient CMV seropositivity with the VMAPRTLIL peptide mismatch was associated with TCMR with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.06 (p = 0.001) in a multivariable analysis. Similarly, the VMAPRTLLL peptide mismatch was associated with TCMR revealing a HR of 2.61 (p = 0.008). Transplantations featuring either a VMAPRTLIL or a VMAPRTLLL peptide mismatch had a significantly higher cumulative TCMR incidence (p < 0.0001), with the primary impact observed in the first 2 weeks post‐transplantation. The findings could be validated in an independent cohort. Together, our data strongly suggest that CMV‐positive recipients without an HLA peptide identical to a CMV peptide yet transplanted with a donor who does possess this peptide, have a significantly increased risk of early TCMR. Considering the prevention of such an leader peptide mismatch in these patients or adjusting immunosuppression protocols accordingly may hold promise in reducing the incidence of early TCMR.
Quality of life in people with sickle cell disease treated with automated red blood cell exchange
Authors: Dierick Koenraad , Rodriguez‐Grande Beatriz , Navarro‐Aragall Ariadna‐Gador , Beraud Mickael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis review aims to explore the impact of sickle cell disease (SCD) on patients' quality of life (QoL) and the effectiveness of different transfusion modalities, particularly automated red blood cell exchange (aRBCX), in managing the factors that impact QoL.Materials and MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed to retrieve articles with data on QoL in SCD patients treated with aRBCX during the last 20 years. A targeted search for medical guidelines and a free search were added.ResultsWhen assessing the impact of the transfusion modality on the QoL of patients with SCD, some studies indicated an improvement in health‐related QoL when using aRBCX while others reported no differences. The benefits of aRBCX include a decrease in length of hospital stay, pain‐related hospitalizations and procedure time. The drawbacks of aRBCX were also identified, including an increased number of procedure‐related complications (despite the overall number of complications showing no significant differences) and a more complex vascular access. Chronic red blood cell exchange favours psychosocial factors such as anxiety and social functioning, but the impact of using aRBCX in these parameters is not determined yet.ConclusionaRBCX, known to be an efficient procedure to manage SCD, appears to be promising in improving patients' QoL. However, more comprehensive studies incorporating patient‐reported outcomes are needed to fully understand the impact of different transfusion modalities on QoL in SCD patients. An integrated care approach, including psychological support and pain management, may further enhance QoL.
Association of fracture gap with implant failure in radius and ulna fractures in toy breed dogs—A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Korchek Kate A. , Kim Sun Young , Chou Po‐Yen , Kapatkin Amy S. , Hayashi Kei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of a postoperative fracture gap on implant failure following radius and ulna fracture repair in toy breed dogs.Study designRetrospective multicenter cohort study.AnimalsA total of 80 client‐owned toy breed dogs.MethodsMedical records and radiographs were reviewed for dogs <3.5 kg that had surgical repair of simple transverse radius and ulna fractures at four institutions from 2005 to 2019. Data collected included signalment, fracture location, implant types and thickness, plate working length, evidence of a postoperative fracture gap in the caudal cortex, postoperative care, occurrence of implant failure, and other complications. The association between potential risk factors and complications was examined using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA postoperative fracture gap in the caudal cortex was noted in 37 cases, and 10 cases experienced implant failure. Of the 43 cases without a gap, one case experienced implant failure. After adjusting for other variables, the fracture gap was significantly associated with implant failure (odds ratio = 23.0 [95% confidence interval: 2.7; 197.9], p = .004). Prolonged external coaptation was associated with minor and major complications other than implant failure (p = .04), while the absence of coaptation confounded the effects of the fracture gap on implant failure.Conclusion and clinical significanceReduction of the caudal cortex of the radius is imperative to promote bone healing and prevent implant failure in transverse radius and ulna fractures of toy breed dogs.
Design, Evaluation, and Implementation of a Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Compatible Physiologic Loading Simulator for Ex-Vivo Joints
Authors: Espinosa Maldonado Alvaro A. , Dolovich Allan T. , Johnston James D. , McWalter Emily J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), in combination with mechanical testing, offers potential to investigate how loading (e.g., from daily physical exercise) is related to joint and tissue function. However, current testing devices compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are often limited to uniaxial compression, often applying low loads, or loading individual tissues (instead of multiple), while more complex simulators do not facilitate MRI. Hence, in this work, we designed, built and tested (N = 1) an MRI-compatible multi-axial load-control system, which enables scanning cadaveric joints (healthy or pathologic) loaded to physiologically relevant levels. Testing involved estimating and validating physiologic loading conditions before implementing them experimentally on cadaver knees to simulate and image gait loading (stance and swing). The resulting design consisted of a portable loading device featuring pneumatic actuators to reach a combined loading scenario, including axial compression (≤2.5 kN), shear (≤1 kN), bending (≤30 N·m) and muscle tension. Initial laboratory testing was carried out; specifically, the device was instrumented with force and pressure sensors to evaluate loading and contact response repeatability in one cadaver knee specimen. This loading system was able to simulate healthy or pathologic gait with reasonable repeatability (e.g., 1.23–2.91% coefficient of variation for axial compression), comparable to current state-of-the-art simulators, leading to generally consistent contact responses. Contact measurements demonstrated a tibiofemoral to patellofemoral load transfer with knee flexion and large contact pressures concentrated over small sites between the femoral cartilage and menisci, agreeing with experimental studies and numerical simulations in the literature.
Enhancing Total Temperature Measurement Accuracy: Calibration Procedures and Novel Two-Wire Probes
Authors: Sánchez de la Rosa Diego , Paniagua Guillermo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Total temperature measurement with thermocouple probes suffers from errors due to heat transfer effects. Two dominant sources of errors are convection and conduction between the thermocouple, the support, and the flow. These effects can be treated in two different categories: the velocity error, created by convection from the internal flow velocity in the probe shield, and the conduction error, involving heat transfer through the wire to the shield and the probe stem due to temperature differences between each component. This article presents a robust approach to experimentally assess and reduce both errors. An open jet test stand at the Purdue Experimental Turbine Aerothermal Laboratory is used to evaluate the effects of the velocity error at various Mach numbers. Infrared (IR) thermography measurements have been conducted to assess temperature gradients on the probe support during this calibration. With this information, it is possible to correct for conduction errors during the calibration and obtain a recovery factor that is solely dependent on upstream velocity. Recovery factor of 0.94±0.05 for Mach 0.2 and 0.98±0.005 for Mach 0.9 is obtained. Progress has been made on a two-wire thermocouple approach to address conduction errors in the testing scenario, where IR thermography is not possible. The readings from two wires with different length-to-diameter ratios are used with a novel linear correction method to correct for the flow total temperature. Advances in the design and manufacturing of the probe are presented, facilitating faster design iterations and implementation, and providing full control over the calibration procedures. This method can correct conduction errors within 0.2 K for Mach 0.6.
Powder Compaction Characteristics and Modeling of Calendering Process for Powder-Based Solvent-Free Manufacturing of Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Gong Xiangtao , Gao Zhongjia , Wu Kai Jen , Fu Jinzhao , Wang Yan , Pan Heng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Powder-based solvent-free manufacturing of electrodes for Li-ion batteries represents an emerging and promising technology in electrode fabrication. This method involves a two-roll powder calendering process, where electrode powder materials are compressed onto a current collector to form electrodes with desired properties. The calendering or compaction of dry powders onto a current collector is a crucial step in solvent-free electrode manufacturing, significantly impacting the microstructures, mechanical properties, and electrochemical performance of the produced electrodes. In this article, we investigate the compaction characteristics of electrode powders to gain insights into their behavior. A powder-on-current collector calendering model is developed based on Johanson's rolling theory of granular solids. This model enables us to infer the underlying calendering parameters essential for the solvent-free manufacturing of Li-ion batteries. To validate the model, we compare it with experimental calendering results, utilizing measured powder properties and roll design parameters as inputs. This approach offers a comprehensive understanding of the effects of roll geometries, particularly roll diameter, and various equipment design parameters on final electrode properties. Such insights have not been thoroughly explored in the emerging field of solvent-free battery electrode manufacturing, thereby contributing to advancements in this area.
Generalized SmartScan: An Intelligent LPBF Scan Sequence Optimization Approach for Reduced Residual Stress and Distortion in Three-Dimensional Part Geometries
Authors: He Chuan , Wood Nathaniel , Bugdayci Nevzat Bircan , Okwudire Chinedum 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing technique that is gaining popularity for producing metallic parts in various industries. However, parts produced by LPBF are prone to residual stress, deformation, cracks, and other quality defects due to uneven temperature distribution during the LPBF process. To address this issue, in prior work, the authors have proposed SmartScan, a method for determining laser scan sequence in LPBF using an intelligent (i.e., model-based and optimization-driven) approach, rather than using heuristics, and applied it to simple 2D geometries. This paper presents a generalized SmartScan methodology that is applicable to arbitrary 3D geometries. This is achieved by (1) expanding the thermal model and optimization approach used in SmartScan to multiple layers, (2) enabling SmartScan to process shapes with arbitrary contours and infill patterns within each layer, (3) providing the optimization in SmartScan with a balance of exploration and exploitation to make it less myopic, and (4) improving SmartScan’s computational efficiency via model order reduction using singular value decomposition. Sample 3D test artifacts are simulated and printed using SmartScan in comparison with common heuristic scan sequences. Reductions of up to 92% in temperature inhomogeneity, 86% in residual stress, 24% in maximum deformation, and 50% in geometric inaccuracy were observed using SmartScan, without significantly sacrificing print speed. An approach for using SmartScan for printing complex 3D parts in practice, by integrating it as a plug-in to a commercial slicing software, was also demonstrated experimentally, along with its benefits in significantly improving printed part quality.
A Review on Metallic Drilling Burrs: Geometry, Formation, and Effect on the Mechanical Strength of Metallic Assemblies
Authors: Frutos Taravillo Santiago , Paroissien Eric , Landon Yann , Schwartz Sébastien , Fressinet Mathieu , Chirol Clément 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Machining processes produce unwanted remainders of material on the free edges which are called burrs. In particular, the drilling process generates an entry burr and a typically larger exit burr. When drilling stacks of several workpieces, exit and entry burrs are produced simultaneously at the interfaces. The presence of burrs can degrade the static and fatigue strength of the parts and assemblies containing them. An example concerns the burrs formed at the interface during the drilling of multistacks in One-Way-Assembly processes, where deburring is not systematically applied. The effect on fatigue can be significant. Reductions of up to 70% in fatigue life have been reported, even though the explanatory rationale is not clear. This article reviews existing works on burrs, focusing on drilling burrs. A description of the morphology of different types of burrs and of measurement technologies is given. Burr formation mechanisms and their modeling are reviewed. Burr control strategies and the main deburring technologies are examined. The limited literature on the effects of burrs on the static and fatigue strength of mechanical assemblies is also explored.
Automated Weld Path Generation in Cluttered Environments Using Segmentation and Iterative Closest Point Workpiece Localization
Authors: Hill Tristan , Yoon Hyung-Jin , Canfield Stephen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A significant amount of manufacturing is performed by small to medium enterprises (SMEs), but these manufacturers often have lower adoption rates of automation. The cost and complexity associated with traditional robot systems slow the adoption of robotic welding operations for SMEs. The recent increase in collaborative robotic welding systems is bridging the gap, however, by reducing the complexity of installing, maintaining, and training operators to perform weld operations with collaborative robotics. These systems add flexibility in the range of operator use and ease of deployment. These systems however still rely on kinematic registration between the robot-mounted torch and workpiece on any open-loop weld. This requires precise placement of the workpiece prior to performing a weld. This work will discuss a method for part identification and registration in a welding task as a step toward automated weld path generation. The method is based on lower-resolution 3D cameras (RGBD cameras) using a combination of color and depth information. This information is used to both identify the workpiece within a workspace that may have other, non-workpiece items, and then provide registration or localization information of the workpiece within a resolution that could allow follow-on near-position strategies to achieve final weld path identification.
Computational Investigation of the Operating Mechanism of the Ranque–Hilsch Vortex Tube
Authors: Fuqua Matthew N. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube is a device that splits an incoming flow into two outgoing streams, but with the peculiar property that one stream exits at a lower total temperature than the incoming flow and the other at a higher total temperature. This temperature separation is accomplished without any moving parts, electronics or external power supplied to the device. Despite the passage of nearly a century since discovery of the effect, there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the mechanism responsible for the phenomenon. In fact, the literature contains competing theories with little evidence providing support. A promising technique to discern the responsible mechanisms for the energy transfer from the ultimately cold stream to the ultimately hot stream is to define a stream tube in a computational simulation of the flow that propagates upstream from the exits such that the stream tube interface separates the hot flow from the cold flow. In this article, we apply this method to a three-dimensional, full-volume analysis of the flow within a vortex tube using a computational simulation that was thoroughly validated against experiments on a physical replica of the computational geometry. In this novel study, the integral form of the energy equation was used to quantify all forms of the energy transfer within the vortex tube. The results demonstrate that the phenomenon of temperature separation is attributable primarily to viscous work in the radial direction due to the circumferential flow, with a lesser contribution from heat transfer in the radial direction.
Impact of Efficiency Calculation Methods on the Adoption of Energy Storage Technologies
Authors: Singh Aanya , Swaminathan Nedunchezhian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An essential parameter in the performance of energy storage systems is their round-trip efficiency. Batteries are the reigning energy storage option globally and, are believed to be the primary competition to green hydrogen energy storage in terms of system economics. For lithium-iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, two different round-trip efficiency calculation methods were observed i.e., constant efficiency and yearly repeating efficiency in existing literature and professional photovoltaic (PV) designing softwares respectively. Unfortunately, both do not follow the practical scenario. Therefore, a degradation trend shifting method was used to analyse the round-trip efficiency over 10 years of an LFP battery system associated with a 5MW solar PV plant. The primary performance simulation for this method was done using PVsyst. The calculated round-trip efficiencies and the investment cost for the storage systems were then used to calculate the levelized cost of storage (LCOS). The LCOS for the three efficiency trends in batteries was also compared with the LCOS of a green hydrogen energy storage to get an idea about how the differences in the relative system economics affects the perception of an energy storage system. The results indicate that for the constant efficiency and yearly repeating efficiency methods, the difference in the LCOS between batteries and green hydrogen is large. However, for the proposed trend shifting method, the LCOS after 10 years for batteries is slightly less than green hydrogen and after 20 years the LCOS for hydrogen and batteries is comparable.