bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Segregation of Wild and Hatchery Winter Steelhead Populations in Eagle Creek, Oregon
Authors: Brignon William R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
A segregated hatchery program promotes conservation by limiting the amount of overlap in return timing and spawning locations of hatchery- and natural-origin fish. The objective of the present study was to use radiotelemetry data collected from 2005 to 2007 to better understand the level of spatial and temporal segregation between hatchery and natural-origin steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Eagle Creek basin, Oregon. The analysis resulted in three key findings. First, hatchery-origin winter steelhead were unlikely to migrate into the North Fork Eagle Creek, a tributary that has historically lacked any hatchery releases or influence, suggesting a high level of segregation from the natural-origin population returning to that stream. Second, hatchery fish arrived at the lower fish ladder on Eagle Creek and at Eagle Creek National Fish Hatchery (NFH) earlier than natural-origin fish, suggesting that broodstock management practices to maintain an early returning hatchery stock (i.e., temporal segregation) have been somewhat successful. Finally, regardless of the differential arrival timing to Eagle Creek NFH, there is evidence of an increased probability of spatial and temporal overlap of the populations as the return progresses, and this may be explained by successful reproduction of hatchery-origin fish in main-stem Eagle Creek. Integrated and segregated hatchery programs should be monitored periodically to ensure that they are meeting their stated goals.
Received October 12, 2016; accepted March 14, 2017 Published online May 4, 2017
Liberia’s run-up to 2017: continuity and change in a long history of electoral politics
Authors: Pailey Robtel Neajai , Harris David 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARY
If successfully orchestrated, the October 2017 elections in Liberia will mark the first time in recent memory when a democratically elected Liberian president – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf – will hand over power to a similarly elected head of state. This is very likely to be a close election and our Briefing investigates changes and continuities in the candidates, political parties, electoral processes and the workings of the Liberian state at a watershed moment in a long and shifting democratic history.
Optimized ultra-high-pressure-assisted extraction of procyanidins from lychee pericarp improves the antioxidant activity of extracts
Authors: Zhang Ruifen , Su Dongxiao , Hou Fangli , Liu Lei , Huang Fei , Dong Lihong , Deng Yuanyuan , Zhang Yan , Wei Zhencheng , Zhang Mingwei 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
To establish optimal ultra-high-pressure (UHP)-assisted extraction conditions for procyanidins from lychee pericarp, a response surface analysis method with four factors and three levels was adopted. The optimum conditions were as follows: 295 MPa pressure, 13 min pressure holding time, 16.0 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, and 70% ethanol concentration. Compared with conventional ethanol extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods, the yields of the total procyanidins, flavonoids, and phenolics extracted using the UHP process were significantly increased; consequently, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity and cellular antioxidant activity of UHP-assisted lychee pericarp extracts were substantially enhanced. LC-MS/MS and high-performance liquid chromatography quantification results for individual phenolic compounds revealed that the yield of procyanidin compounds, including epicatechin, procyanidin A2, and procyanidin B2, from lychee pericarp could be significantly improved by the UHP-assisted extraction process. This UHP-assisted extraction process is thus a practical method for the extraction of procyanidins from lychee pericarp.
International comparison CCQM-K113—noble gas mixture
Authors: Lim Jeong Sik , Lee Jinbok , Moon Dongmin , Tshilongo James , Qiao Han , Shuguo Hu , Tiqiang Zhang , Kelley Michael E , Rhoderick George C , Konopelko L A , Kolobova A V , Vasserman I I , Zavyalov S V , Gromova E V , Efremova O V 
Published: May 2017

Noble gases are one of the key elements used in the various processes of the bulbs industry, automotive industry, space industry, lasers industry, display industry as well as the semiconductor industry. Considering continuous growth, the provision of a reliable standard is required for those industries to improve their productivity.
In this report, a result of the key comparison, CCQM-K113: noble gas mixture, is presented. Nominal amount-of-substance fractions of argon, neon, krypton, and xenon in helium are 20, 10, 2, and 1 cmol/mol, respectively.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
twoddpcr: an R/Bioconductor package and Shiny app for Droplet Digital PCR analysis
Authors: Chiu Anthony , Ayub Mahmood , Dive Caroline , Brady Ged , Miller Crispin J 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Summary
Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) is a sensitive platform used to quantify specific nucleic acid molecules amplified by polymerase chain reactions. Its sensitivity makes it particularly useful for the detection of rare mutant molecules, such as those present in a sample of circulating free tumour DNA obtained from cancer patients. ddPCR works by partitioning a sample into individual droplets for which the majority contain only zero or one target molecule. Each droplet then becomes a reaction chamber for PCR, which through the use of fluorochrome labelled probes allows the target molecules to be detected by measuring the fluorescence intensity of each droplet. The technology supports two channels, allowing, for example, mutant and wild type molecules to be detected simultaneously in the same sample. As yet, no open source software is available for the automatic gating of two channel ddPCR experiments in the case where the droplets can be grouped into four clusters. Here, we present an open source R package ‘twoddpcr’, which uses Poisson statistics to estimate the number of molecules in such two channel ddPCR data. Using the Shiny framework, an accompanying graphical user interface (GUI) is also included for the package, allowing users to adjust parameters and see the results in real-time.

Availability and implementation
twoddpcr is available from Bioconductor (3.5) at https://bioconductor.org/packages/twoddpcr/. A Shiny-based GUI suitable for non-R users is available as a standalone application from within the package and also as a web application at http://shiny.cruk.manchester.ac.uk/twoddpcr/.

Package maintainer
anthony.chiu@cruk.manchester.ac.uk
Modelling community formation driven by the status of individual in a society
Authors: Snellman Jan E , Iñiguez Gerardo , Govezensky Tzipe , Barrio R A , Kaski Kimmo K 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In human societies, people’s willingness to compete and strive for better social status, as well as being envious of those perceived in some way superior, lead to social structures that are intrinsically hierarchical. Here, we propose an agent-based, network model to mimic the ranking behaviour of individuals and its possible repercussions in human society. The main ingredient of the model is the assumption that the relevant feature of social interactions is each individual’s keenness to maximize his or her status relative to others. The social networks produced by the model are homophilous and assortative, as frequently observed in human communities, and most of the network properties seem quite independent of its size. However, we see that for a small number of agents the resulting network consists of disjoint weakly connected communities, while being highly assortative and homophilic. On the other hand, larger networks turn out to be more cohesive with larger communities but less homophilic. We find that the reason for these changes is that larger network size allows agents to use new strategies for maximizing their social status, allowing for more diverse links between them.
Development and Validation of a Novel Adult Spinal Deformity Surgical Invasiveness Score: Analysis of 464 Patients
Authors: Neuman Brian J , Ailon Tamir , Scheer Justin K , Klineberg Eric , Sciubba Daniel M , Jain Amit , Zebala Lukas P , Passias Peter G , Daniels Alan H , Burton Douglas C , Protopsaltis Themi S , Hamilton D Kojo , Ames Christopher P ,   International Spine Study Group
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A surgical invasiveness index (SII) has been validated in general spine procedures but not adult spinal deformity (ASD).

OBJECTIVE
To assess the ability of the SII to determine the invasiveness of ASD surgery and to create and validate a novel ASD index incorporating deformity-specific factors, which could serve as a standardized metric to compare outcomes and risk stratification of different ASD procedures for a given deformity.

METHODS
Four hundred sixty-four patients who underwent ASD surgery between 2009 and 2012 were identified in 2 multicenter prospective registries. Multivariable models of estimated blood loss (EBL) and operative time were created using deformity-specific factors. Beta coefficients derived from these models were used to attribute points to each component. Scoring was iteratively refined to determine the R2 value of multivariate models of EBL and operative time using adult spinal deformity-surgical (ASD-S) as an independent variable. Similarly, we determined weighting of postoperative changes in radiographical parameters, which were incorporated into another index (adult spinal deformity-surgical and radiographical [ASD-SR]). The ability of these models to predict surgical invasiveness was assessed in a validation cohort.

RESULTS
Each index was a significant, independent predictor of EBL and operative time (P < .001). On multivariate analysis, ASD-S and ASD-SR explained more variability in EBL and operative time than did the SII (P < .001). The ASD-SR explained 21% of the variation in EBL and 10% of the variation in operative time, whereas the SII explained 17% and 3.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The ASD-SR, which incorporates deformity-specific components, more accurately predicts the magnitude of ASD surgery than does the SII.
Cytomegalovirus Infection With Retinitis After Brentuximab Vedotin Treatment for CD30+ Lymphoma
Authors: Tudesq Jean-Jacques , Vincent Laure , Lebrun Julie , Hicheri Yosr , Gabellier Ludovic , Busetto Timothé , Merle Corinne , Fegueux Nathalie , Ceballos Patrice , Quittet Philippe , Navarro Robert , Hillaire-Buys Dominique , Cartron Guillaume 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBrentuximab vedotin is an antibody-conjugated chemotherapy targeting CD30 indicated in treatment of several lymphomas. We report the first 3 cases of cytomegalovirus severe infections with retinitis following this treatment. Evolution was favorable, but relapse occurred after treatment rechallenge. We suggest vigilance about cytomegalovirus in patients treated with brentuximab vedotin.
Expression of Elafin in Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Authors: Ollague Jose E. , Nousari Carlos H. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Elafin is a serine protease inhibitor that has various epithelial cell regulatory and immunomodulatory effects including inactivation of neutrophil elastases. This later role originated the interest of elafin in certain neutrophil-rich dermatoses. Interestingly, it has been speculated that elafin has a protective role by slowing the deamidation process of gliadin in celiac disease (CD), despite the typical absence of neutrophils in intestinal histologic samplings. Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic recurrent vesicular dermatitis associated with gluten hypersensitivity and also characterized by a neutrophilic infiltrate and granular immunoglobulin A deposits in papillary dermis.

Materials and Methods:
We selected 31 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin specimens of DH that demonstrated typical immunopathologic findings and probed them with rabbit polyclonal immunoglobulinG antielafin antibodies through standard immunohistochemistry analysis. Negative controls consisted of normal skin from elbow and knee surgical re-excisions specimen lacking residual tumor. Positive controls included skin biopsies of active plaque psoriasis, Sweet syndrome, and pyoderma gangrenosum.

Results:
Similar to what has been previously reported in intestinal sampling of patients with active CD, abnormal expression of elafin was noted in virtually all probed skin biopsies of DH patients with active cutaneous disease.

Conclusion:
Under normal circumstances, keratinocytes overexpress elafin to downregulate a neutrophil mediated inflammatory response. The deficient expression of elafin in the aforementioned probed DH specimens correlates with previous similar elafin underexpression in intestinal samples of active CD. These histological findings suggest that these 2 gluten mediated disorders carry an abnormal elafin underexpression during disease activity.
Progressive Surgical Autonomy in a Plastic Surgery Resident Clinic
Authors: Day Kristopher M. , Scott Jillian K. , Gao Lani , Lee Tara M. , Waldrop Jimmy L. , Sargent Larry A. , Kennedy J. Woody , Rehm Jason P. , Brzezienski Mark A. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Resident clinics are thought to catalyze educational milestone achievement through opportunities for progressively autonomous surgical care, but studies are lacking for general plastic surgery resident clinics (PSRCs). We demonstrate the achievement of increased surgical autonomy and continuity of care in a PSRC.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all patients seen in a PSRC from October 1, 2010, to October 1, 2015, was conducted. Our PSRC is supervised by faculty plastic surgery attendings, though primarily run by chief residents in an accredited independent plastic surgery training program. Surgical autonomy was scored on a 5-point scale based on dictated operative reports. Graduated chief residents were additionally surveyed by anonymous online survey.

Results:
Thousand one hundred forty-four patients were seen in 3,390 clinic visits. Six hundred fifty-three operations were performed by 23 total residents, including 10 graduating chiefs. Senior resident autonomy averaged 3.5/5 (SD = 1.5), 3.6/5 (SD = 1.5), to 3.8/5 (SD = 1.3) in postgraduate years 6, 7, and 8, respectively. A linear mixed model analysis demonstrated that training level had a significant impact on operative autonomy when comparing postgraduate years 6 and 8 (P = 0.026). Graduated residents’ survey responses (N = 10; 100% response rate) regarded PSRC as valuable for surgical experience (4.1/5), operative autonomy (4.4/5), medical knowledge development (4.7/5), and the practice of Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education core competencies (4.3/5). Preoperative or postoperative continuity of care was maintained in 93.5% of cases.

Conclusion:
The achievement of progressive surgical autonomy may be demonstrated within a PSRC model.
The Use of Virtual Reality Technology in the Treatment of Anxiety and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Maples-Keller Jessica L. , Bunnell Brian E. , Kim Sae-Jin , Rothbaum Barbara O. 
Published: May 2017

Learning objectives
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
• Evaluate the literature regarding the effectiveness of incorporating virtual reality (VR) in the treatment of psychiatric disorders
• Assess the use of exposure-based intervention for anxiety disorders

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) allows users to experience a sense of presence in a computer-generated, three-dimensional environment. Sensory information is delivered through a head-mounted display and specialized interface devices. These devices track head movements so that the movements and images change in a natural way with head motion, allowing for a sense of immersion. VR, which allows for controlled delivery of sensory stimulation via the therapist, is a convenient and cost-effective treatment. This review focuses on the available literature regarding the effectiveness of incorporating VR within the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, with particular attention to exposure-based intervention for anxiety disorders. A systematic literature search was conducted in order to identify studies implementing VR-based treatment for anxiety or other psychiatric disorders. This article reviews the history of the development of VR-based technology and its use within psychiatric treatment, the empirical evidence for VR-based treatment, and the benefits for using VR for psychiatric research and treatment. It also presents recommendations for how to incorporate VR into psychiatric care and discusses future directions for VR-based treatment and clinical research.
Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression: Current Progress and Future Directions
Authors: Webb Christian A. , Rosso Isabelle M. , Rauch Scott L. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that during a given 12-month period, approximately 34 million people suffering from major depressive disorder go untreated in Europe and the Americas alone. Barriers to treatment include geographic distance, lack of mental health insurance, prohibitive cost of treatment, long wait-lists, and perceived stigma. Over the past two decades, Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) programs have proliferated. A growing body of research supports the efficacy of iCBT for depression and other psychiatric conditions, and these programs may help address barriers that hinder access to effective treatment. The present review describes common iCBT programs along with the evidence base supporting their efficacy in reducing symptoms of depression, reviews research on moderators of treatment response, and provides suggestions for future directions in research and care.
Practical Issues in Delivery of Clinician-to-Patient Telemental Health in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Abrams Jessica , Sossong Sarah , Schwamm Lee H. , Barsanti Lauren , Carter Michael , Kling Naomi , Kotarski Meghan , Leddy Jaclyn , Meller Benjamin , Simoni Marcy , Sullivan Michael , Wozniak Janet 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
In the age of online communication, psychiatric care can now be provided via videoconferencing technologies. While virtual visits as a part of telepsychiatry and telemental health provide a highly efficient and beneficial modality of care, the implementation of virtual visits requires attention to quality and safety issues. As practitioners continue to utilize this technology, issues of clinician licensing, treatment outcomes of virtual visits versus in-person visits, and cost offset require ongoing study.

Methods
This review provides an overview of the topics of technology, legal and regulatory issues, clinical issues, and cost savings as they relate to practicing psychiatry and psychology via virtual visits in an academic medical center. We review the telepsychiatry/telemental health effectiveness literature from 2013 to the present. Our literature searches used the following terms: telemental health effective, telepsychiatry effective, telepsychiatry efficacy, and telemental health efficacy. These searches produced 58 articles, reduced to 16 when including only articles that address effectiveness of clinician-to-patient services.

Results
The technological, legal, and regulatory issues vary from state to state and over time. The emerging research addressing diverse populations and disorders provides strong evidence for the effectiveness of telepsychiatry. Cost savings are difficult to precisely determine and depend on the scope of the cost and benefit measured.

Conclusion
Establishing a telepsychiatry program requires a comprehensive approach with up-to-date legal and technological considerations.
PROGRESSIVE RETINAL DETACHMENT IN INFANTS WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY TREATED WITH INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB OR RANIBIZUMAB
Authors: Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Wu Wei-Chi , Nitulescu Cristina E. , Chan R.V. Paul , Thanos Aristomenis , Thomas Benjamin J. , Todorich Bozho , Drenser Kimberly A. , Trese Michael T. , Capone Antonio 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
Fibrovascular contraction and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) are recognized complications associated with the use of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agents in vasoproliferative vitreoretinopathies. The authors characterize TRDs that developed after intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab therapy for vascularly active retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods:
This is an international, multicenter, interventional, retrospective, case series. Thirty-five eyes from 23 infants were included. Inclusion required anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment of Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity with progression to TRD.

Results:
Mean gestational age was 26 ± 2 weeks, and mean birth weight was 873 ± 341 g. Mean postmenstrual age on the day of injection was 35 ± 2 weeks. Retinal detachment was noted a mean of 70 days (median, 34; range, 4–335) after injection. Eleven percent detached within 1 week, 23% within 2 weeks, and 49% within 4 weeks. The highest stage of retinopathy of prematurity noted was 4A in 29%, 4B in 37%, and 5 in 34% of eyes. Time to RD negatively correlated with postmenstrual age at the time of injection (Rho = −0.54; P < 0.01). Three TRD configurations were observed: 1) conventional peripheral elevated ridge or volcano-shaped Stage 5 detachment, 2) midperipheral detachment with tight circumferential vectors, and 3) very posterior detachment with prepapillary contraction. Full or partial reattachment was achieved with surgical intervention in 86% of eyes.

Conclusion:
Progressive atypical TRD may occur after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections for retinopathy of prematurity. The configuration of the detachment varies with the extent of primary retinal vascularization present at the time of treatment.
Daptomycin Use in Children: Experience With Various Types of Infection and Age Groups
Authors: Syrogiannopoulos George A. , Michoula Aspasia N. , Petinaki Efthimia , Grivea Ioanna N. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
In Greece, there are high rates of methicillin (40%–60%) and clindamycin (15%–25%) resistance among community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Therefore, we sought to identify other antimicrobial treatment options such as daptomycin.

Methods:
We studied retrospectively all pediatric infections treated with daptomycin at the University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece, from January 1, 2007, to June 16, 2016.

Results:
Of a total of 128 patients (median age: 2.8 years; range: 8 days to 14.5 years; 76.6% <7 years) treated with daptomycin, 45 (35.2%) had invasive infection, most frequently musculoskeletal, and 83 (64.8%) had noninvasive infection, that is, complicated skin and soft tissue infection. S. aureus was the most commonly recovered pathogen (n = 61) (63.9% methicillin-resistant isolates, 21.3% clindamycin-resistant). The average daily dose of daptomycin was 10 mg/kg qd, and the median duration of therapy was 10 days. Daptomycin was administered alone (n = 61) or in combination therapy (n = 67), most frequently with rifampin (n = 40) and/or a β-lactam antibiotic (n = 33). Open or closed drainage was performed in 86 (67.2%) of the total number of patients. Of 128 treated patients, 123 (96.1%) achieved clinical success, 114 (89.1%) had complete remission, and 9 (7%) had improvement of their disease. There were no failures with daptomycin therapy. The adverse events were of no clinical significance.

Conclusions:
Daptomycin administered alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents to children was efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of complicated infections of suspected or proven staphylococcal etiology.