bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some like it hot: a differential response to changing temperatures by the malaria vectorsAnopheles funestusandAn. gambiaes.l.
Authors: Charlwood Jacques Derek 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundWith the possible implications of global warming, the effect of temperature on the dynamics of malaria vectors in Africa has become a subject of increasing interest. Information from the field is, however, relatively sparse. We describe the effect of ambient temperature over a five-year period on the dynamics ofAn. funestusandAn. gambiaes.l., collected from a single village in southern Mozambique where temperatures varied from a night-time minimum of 6 °C in the cool season to a daytime maximum of 35 °C in the hot season.ResultsMean daily air temperatures varied from 34 °C to 20 °C and soil temperatures varied from 26 °C to 12 °C. Diurnal variation was greatest in the cooler months of the year and were greater in air temperatures than soil temperatures. During the study 301, 705 femaleAn. funestuswere collected in 6,043 light-trap collections, 161, 466 in 7,397 exit collections and 16, 995 in 1,315 resting collections. The equivalent numbers forAn. gambiaes.l. are 72,475 in light-traps, 33, 868 in exit collections and 5,333 from indoor resting collections. Numbers of mosquito were greatest in the warmer months. Numbers ofAn. gambiaes.l. went through a one hundredfold change (from a mean of 0.14 mosquitoes a night to 14) whereas numbers ofAn. funestusmerely doubled (from a mean of 20 to 40 a night). The highest environmental correlations and mosquito numbers were between mean air temperature (r2 = 0.52 forAn. funestusand 0.77 forAn. gambiaes.l.). Numbers of mosquito collected were not related to rainfall with lags of up to four weeks. Numbers of both gravid and unfedAn. gambiaecomplex females in exit collections continued to increase at all temperatures recorded but gravid females ofAn. funestusdecreased at temperatures above 28 °C. Overall the numbers of gravid and unfedAn. funestuscollected in exit collections were not correlated (p = 0.07). For an unknown reason the number ofAn. gambiaes.l. fell below monitoring thresholds during the study.ConclusionsMean air temperature was the most important environmental parameter affecting both vectors in this part of Mozambique. Numbers ofAn. gambiaes.l. increased at all temperatures recorded whilstAn. funestusappeared to be adversely affected by temperatures of 28 °C and above. These differences may influence the distribution of the vectors as the planet warms.
Transport and thermohaline variability in Barrow Canyon on the Northeastern Chukchi Sea Shelf
Authors: Weingartner Thomas J. , Potter Rachel A. , Stoudt Chase A. , Dobbins Elizabeth L. , Statscewich Hank , Winsor Peter R. , Mudge Todd D. , Borg Keath 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe used a 5 year time series of transport, temperature, and salinity from moorings at the head of Barrow Canyon to describe seasonal variations and construct a 37 year transport hindcast. The latter was developed from summer/winter regressions of transport against Bering‐Chukchi winds. Seasonally, the regressions differ due to baroclinicity, stratification, spatial, and seasonal variations in winds and/or the surface drag coefficients. The climatological annual cycle consists of summer downcanyon (positive and toward the Arctic Ocean) transport of ∼0.45 Sv of warm, freshwaters; fall (October–December) upcanyon transport of ∼−0.1 Sv of cooler, saltier waters; and negligible net winter (January–April) mass transport when shelf waters are saline and near‐freezing. Fall upcanyon transports may modulate shelf freezeup, and negligible winter transports could influence winter water properties. Transport variability is largest in fall and winter. Daily transport probability density functions are negatively skewed in all seasons and seasonal variations in kurtosis are a function of transport event durations. The latter may have consequences for shelf‐basin exchanges. The climatology implies that the Chukchi shelf circulation reorganizes annually: in summer ∼40% of the summer Bering Strait inflow leaves the shelf via Barrow Canyon, but from fall through winter all of it exits via the western Chukchi or Central Channel. We estimate a mean transport of ∼0.2 Sv; ∼50% less than estimates at the mouth of the canyon. Transport discrepancies may be due to inflows from the Beaufort shelf and the Chukchi shelfbreak, with the latter entering the western side of the canyon.
Development of wideband feed for Kashima 34 m antenna
Authors: Ujihara Hideki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCorrugated horns are the most typical feeds used in radio telescopes. They have typical fractional bandwidths of almost 20–30%. In very long baseline interferometer observations, the feed, low‐noise amplifiers, and backend electronics limit the bandwidth of the whole receiver system. Wider bandwidth translates into better sensitivity, and in greater signal‐to‐noise ratio. This will allow finer resolution of group delay time or shorter observation times in geodetic observations. Recently, the bandwidth of the backend digital samplers in our receiver system was increased up to 16 Gsps. At that time, the feed antenna became the component limiting the instantaneous bandwidth of our very long baseline interferometry receiver system. Various wideband feeds have been developed in past years. However, none of them meets the needs of our Kashima 34 m Cassegrain antenna, which requires feeds with narrow beam width. This paper reports on newly developed wideband feeds for our 34 m antenna, which have been successfully used in the 6.5–15 GHz band with 30–50% aperture efficiency.
A diagnostic approach to constraining flow partitioning in hydrologic models using a multiobjective optimization framework
Authors: Shafii Mahyar , Basu Nandita , Craig James R. , Schiff Sherry L. , Van Cappellen Philippe 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHydrologic models are often tasked with replicating historical hydrographs but may do so without accurately reproducing the internal hydrological functioning of the watershed, including the flow partitioning, which is critical for predicting solute movement through the catchment. Here we propose a novel partitioning‐focused calibration technique that utilizes flow‐partitioning coefficients developed based on the pioneering work of L'vovich (1979). Our hypothesis is that inclusion of the L'vovich partitioning relations in calibration increases model consistency and parameter identifiability and leads to superior model performance with respect to flow partitioning than using traditional hydrological signatures (e.g., flow duration curve indices) alone. The L'vovich approach partitions the annual precipitation into four components (quick flow, soil wetting, slow flow, and evapotranspiration) and has been shown to work across a range of climatic and landscape settings. A new diagnostic multicriteria model calibration methodology is proposed that first quantifies four calibration measures for watershed functions based on the L'vovich theory, and then utilizes them as calibration criteria. The proposed approach is compared with a traditional hydrologic signature‐based calibration for two conceptual bucket models. Results reveal that the proposed approach not only improves flow partitioning in the model compared to signature‐based calibration but is also capable of diagnosing flow‐partitioning inaccuracy and suggesting relevant model improvements. Furthermore, the proposed partitioning‐based calibration approach is shown to increase parameter identifiability. This model calibration approach can be readily applied to other models.
Network structure classification and features of water distribution systems
Authors: Giustolisi Orazio , Simone Antonietta , Ridolfi Luca 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe network connectivity structure of water distribution systems (WDSs) represents the domain where hydraulic processes occur, driving the emerging behavior of such systems, for example with respect to robustness and vulnerability. In complex network theory (CNT), a common way of classifying the network structure and connectivity is the association of the nodal degree distribution to specific probability distribution models, and during the last decades, researchers classified many real networks using the Poisson or Pareto distributions. In spite of the fact that degree‐based network classification could play a crucial role to assess WDS vulnerability, this task is not easy because the network structure of WDSs is strongly constrained by spatial characteristics of the environment where they are constructed. The consequence of these spatial constraints is that the nodal degree spans very small ranges in WDSs hindering a reliable classification by the standard approach based on the nodal degree distribution. This work investigates the classification of the network structure of 22 real WDSs, built in different environments, demonstrating that the Poisson distribution generally models the degree distributions very well. In order to overcome the problem of the reliable classification based on the standard nodal degree, we define the “neighborhood” degree, equal to the sum of the nodal degrees of the nearest topological neighbors (i.e., the adjacent nodes). This definition of “neighborhood” degree is consistent with the fact that the degree of a single node is not significant for analysis of WDSs.
Local increase of anticyclonic wave activity over northern Eurasia under amplified Arctic warming
Authors: Xue Daokai , Lu Jian , Sun Lantao , Chen Gang , Zhang Yaocun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn an attempt to resolve the controversy as to whether Arctic sea ice loss leads to more midlatitude extremes, a metric of finite‐amplitude wave activity is adopted to quantify the midlatitude wave activity and its change during the period of the drastic Arctic sea ice decline in both ERA Interim reanalysis data and a set of Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project‐type of model experiments. Neither the ensemble mean response to the trend in the SST nor that to the declining trend of Arctic sea ice can replicate the sizable midlatitude‐wide increase in the total wave activity (Ae) observed in the reanalysis, leaving its explanation to the atmospheric internal variability. On the other hand, both the diagnostics of the flux of the local anticyclonic wave activity (LAWA) and atmospheric general circulation model experiments lend evidence to a possible linkage between the sea ice loss near the Barents and Kara Seas and the increasing trend of LAWA over the northern part of the central Eurasia and the associated impacts on the frequency of temperature extremes.
Timing and rate of global contraction on Mercury
Authors: Crane Kelsey T. , Klimczak Christian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImpact bombardment and global contraction due to planetary cooling have both shaped the surface of Mercury over very long time scales. Landforms associated with these processes, i.e., impact craters and thrust fault‐related escarpments, and their mutual geologic relationships were analyzed to gain insight into the temporal relationships between the two. We assess stratigraphic relationships of ~6000 thrust fault‐related landforms with all 20 km diameter and larger craters to statistically evaluate the timing and rate of contraction on Mercury. Geometric probabilities were computed for thrust faults crosscutting craters of different degradation stages that correspond to different time‐stratigraphic systems, which allow determination of the onset and time derivative of global contraction. Results show that this process had begun after the late heavy bombardment of the inner solar system and likely gradually slowed toward the present. Implications arise for thermal history models as well as slip rates and quake recurrence intervals along thrust faults on Mercury.
Imaging Findings Suggestive of Axial Spondyloarthritis in Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Authors: Latourte Augustin , Charlon Stéphane , Etcheto Adrien , Feydy Antoine , Allanore Yannick , Dougados Maxime , Molto Anna 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) patients and to assess the proportion of DISH patients whose MRI findings would fulfill the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for a positive MRI of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsThis study involved all DISH patients who had a spine or sacroiliac (SI) joint MRI performed between January 2009 and December 2014. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Available radiographs and MRI were analyzed and blindly scored by an experienced reader, using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) scores for both spine and SI joint MRI.ResultsA total of 53 symptomatic DISH patients was included in the analysis. The mean ± SD SPARCC score of the spine was 18.3 ± 23.4. Thirty‐five patients (67.3%) had at least 1 fatty corner. Thirty patients (57.7%) met the ASAS definition of a spine MRI suggestive of axial SpA, but only 6 patients (15.8%) with an available SI joint MRI had sacroiliitis according to ASAS criteria. Only 1 patient (3.3%) had ≥3 erosions on the SI joint.ConclusionInflammatory lesions of the spine are common on the MRI of symptomatic DISH patients, and more than half fulfilled the ASAS criteria for a spine MRI suggestive of axial SpA. However, only a few patients met the ASAS definition of active sacroiliitis, suggesting that MRI of the SI joint but not of the spine might allow the differential diagnosis of DISH versus axial SpA in the elderly.
Predicting the Emergence of Community Psychology and Community Development in 91 Countries with Brief Case Studies of Chile and Ghana
Authors: Hanitio Felicia , Perkins Douglas D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUsing a mixed‐method analysis, we propose and test a framework for predicting the international development of community psychology (CP) and community development (CD) as two examples of applied community‐based research (CBR) disciplines aiming to link local knowledge generation with social change. Multiple regressions on an international sample of 91 countries were used to determine the relative influences of preexisting grassroots activism, population size, social and economic development, and civil liberties on estimates of the current strength of CP and CD based on Internet search and review of training courses and programs, published articles and journals, and professional organizations and conferences in these countries. Our results provide support for the proposed model and suggest that grassroots activism positively accounts for the development of CP and CD, above and beyond the influences of the other predictors. Brief qualitative case‐study analyses of Chile (high CP, low CD) and Ghana (high CD, low CP) explore the limitations of our quantitative model and the importance of considering other historical, sociopolitical, cultural, and geographic factors for explaining the development of CP, CD, and other applied community studies.
Switchable Reactions for the Investigation of Reactive Mass Transfer Processes
Authors: Tastan Ümit , Guba Fabian , Ziegenbalg Dirk 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGas‐liquid reactions represent an important and popular reaction type in chemical industry. On this account, the understanding of ongoing mass transport processes is of high importance. Nevertheless, there is still insufficient information on the interaction between mass transfer and chemical reaction, mainly due to the problem of decoupling mass transfer and reaction. To tackle this challenge, the possibility of decoupling these processes is introduced by use of photochemical reactions as switchable reactions. The feasibility of this concept is demonstrated by taking the photochlorination of toluene as an example. Experimental results show that the aimed separation of mass transfer and reaction can be achieved, providing an innovative tool for the investigation of mass transfer processes.
Experimental Study and Mathematical Modeling of NO Removal Using the UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process
Authors: Shahrestani Masoumeh Moheb , Rahimi Amir , Momeni Mehdi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn experimental study on NO removal via UV/H2O2 process was conducted in a semi‐continuous bubble‐column reactor and the effect of some operation parameters including NO initial concentration and gas flow rates on removal efficiency was investigated. Applying UV light increased the efficiency significantly. The steady‐state removal efficiency was found to be higher at the lower gas flow rates. The bubble size as an important factor in mass transfer calculations and modeling procedure was determined at different gas flow rates using bubble photographs and image processing technique. In the ranges of flow rates studied here, the gas flow rate had no significant effect on the bubble diameter. A mathematical model was developed to describe the NO removal process. The model predictions were compared with existing experimental data, confirming a good agreement of the data.
Hierarchical Porous Intercalation‐Type V2O3 as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Zhu Kongjun , Xu Yuan , Bian Kan , Wang Jing , Tai Guo‘an , Gao Yanfeng , Luo Hongjie , Lu Li , Liu Jinsong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs intercalation‐type anode materials for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), the commercially used graphite and Li4Ti5O12 exhibit good cycling and rate properties, but their theoretical specific capacities are too low to meet the ever‐growing demands of high‐energy applications such as electric vehicles. Therefore, the development of new intercalation‐type anode materials with larger capacity is very desirable. Herein, we design and synthesize novel 3 D hierarchical porous V2O3@C micro/nanostructures consisting of crumpled nanosheets, through self‐reduction under annealing from the structurally similar VO2 (B)@C precursors without the addition of any other reducing reagent or gas. Excitingly, it is found for the first time through ex situ XRD technology that V2O3 is a new, promising intercalation‐type anode material for LIBs with a high capacity. V2O3@C micro/nanostructures can deliver a large capacity of 732 mAh g−1 without capacity loss at 100 mA g−1 even after 136 cycles, as well as exhibiting excellent cycling and rate performances. The application of V2O3 for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) is elaborated for the first time, and excitingly, it is found that V2O3@C micro/nanostructures may be promising anode materials for NIBs.
Synthesis of Tetrasilatetrathia[8]circulenes by a Fourfold Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Silylation of C−H Bonds
Authors: Serizawa Yuma , Akahori Shuhei , Kato Shohei , Sakai Hayato , Hasobe Taku , Miyake Yoshihiro , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe first two examples of a tetrasilatetrathia[8]circulene were synthesized in two steps from a tetraiodotetrathienylene by using a fourfold intramolecular dehydrogenative silylation of C−H bonds as the key step. A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that tetrasilatetrathia[8]circulene contains a perfectly planar [8]radialene skeleton. The excited‐state dynamics of tetrasilatetrathia[8]circulene were evaluated by steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements, revealing an efficient intersystem crossing in the excited state.
A Multifunctional Pincer Ligand Supports Unsaturated Cobalt: Five Functionalities in One Pincer
Authors: Polezhaev Alexander V. , Chen Chun‐Hsing , Losovyj Yaroslav , Caulton Kenneth G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA pyridyl pincer ligand was developed to incorporate steric bulk, through a PtBu2 arm, and proton responsivity, through a pyrazole pincer ligand arm, together with reactivity at benzylic hydrogen and redox activity within a 1,4 diazabutadiene moiety. Binding it to CoCl2 yielded square‐pyramidal [(PNNH)CoCl2], which was deprotonated by Li[N(SiMe3)2] to form [{Li(THF)2PNN}CoCl2]. Reduction of this LiCl adduct with KC8 under CO atmosphere led to formation of CoI mono‐ and dicarbonyl complexes, which can be protonated but also further deprotonated at the benzylic CH group to give a dearomatized pyridyl group. The ligand was characterized in its neutral, monoanionic, and dianionic forms, and the anions were shown to exist as intimate ion pairs with Li+ bound to pyrazolate N and chloride bound to Lewis acidic cobalt. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to assay both Li content and cobalt oxidation states. The general character of binding of LiCl to a metal complex acidic at metal and nucleophilic at ligand (pyrazolate Nβ) is discussed, as are potential catalytic applications of the concept.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent and Stereoselective Access to Branched and Linear Allylated 4‐Pyridones
Authors: Schmidt Johannes P. , Li Changkun , Breit Bernhard 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA regiodivergent and stereoselective transition‐metal‐catalyzed addition of 4‐pyridones to allenes furnishing N‐allylated pyridones is reported. Employing a commercially available chiral rhodium catalyst enabled enantioselective branched‐selective allylation. Conversely, an achiral palladium catalyst led to linear‐selective N‐allylation in high E‐selectivities. A wide range of functional groups was tolerated and assorted synthetic transformations of the N‐allylated pyridones demonstrated their utility for the syntheses of medicinally relevant heterocyclic scaffolds.
Phylogenetic Inference Using RevBayes
Authors: Höhna Sebastian , Landis Michael J. , Heath Tracy A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBayesian phylogenetic inference aims to estimate the evolutionary relationships among different lineages (species, populations, gene families, viral strains, etc.) in a model‐based statistical framework that uses the likelihood function for parameter estimates. In recent years, evolutionary models for Bayesian analysis have grown in number and complexity. RevBayes uses a probabilistic‐graphical model framework and an interactive scripting language for model specification to accommodate and exploit model diversity and complexity within a single software package. In this unit we describe how to specify standard phylogenetic models and perform Bayesian phylogenetic analyses in RevBayes. The protocols focus on the basic analysis of inferring a phylogeny from single and multiple loci, describe a hypothesis‐testing approach, and point to advanced topics. Thus, this unit is a starting point to illustrate the power and potential of Bayesian inference under complex phylogenetic models in RevBayes. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reconfigurable microwave filters using memristors
Authors: Potrebić Milka , Tošić Dejan , Biolek Dalibor 
Published: March 2017

SummaryMemristor‐based technology could be utilized to enhance the performance of many radio frequency (RF)/microwave subsystems, such as filters. In this paper, we propose that memristors can potentially be used as switches for designing a reconfigurable dual‐band RF/microwave planar filter. We are motivated to use memristors instead of some traditional microwave components because memristors do not require any bias, and no moving parts are involved. The reconfigurable filter is designed for multi‐band receiver application using only one memristor‐based switch. Circuit‐level simulations are used to investigate memristor‐based RF/microwave circuits and study their performance. The memristive RF switch is modeled by a resistor in the ON state and by a capacitor in the OFF state. An RF/microwave circuit simulator, NI AWR Microwave Office, is used to verify the expected functionality of the proposed memristor‐based filter. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.