bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond hectares: four principles to guide reforestation in the context of tropical forest and landscape restoration
Authors: Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Chazdon Robin L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNew climate change agreements emerging from the 21st Conference of the Parties and ambitious international commitments to implement forest and landscape restoration (FLR) are generating unprecedented political awareness and financial mobilization to restore forests at large scales on deforested or degraded land. Restoration interventions aim to increase functionality and resilience of landscapes, conserve biodiversity, store carbon, and mitigate effects of global climate change. We propose four principles to guide tree planting schemes focused on carbon storage and commercial forestry in the tropics in the context of FLR. These principles support activities and land uses that increase tree cover in human‐modified landscapes, while also achieving positive socioecological outcomes at local scales, in an appropriate contextualization: (1) restoration interventions should enhance and diversify local livelihoods; (2) afforestation should not replace native tropical grasslands or savanna ecosystems; (3) reforestation approaches should promote landscape heterogeneity and biological diversity; and (4) residual carbon stocks should be quantitatively and qualitatively distinguished from newly established carbon stocks. The emerging global restoration movement and its growing international support provide strong momentum for increasing tree and forest cover in mosaic landscapes. The proposed principles help to establish a platform for FLR implementation and monitoring based on a broad set of socioenvironmental benefits including, but not solely restricted, to carbon mitigation and wood production.
Gay men and fatherhood: Doing gender, queering gender, and the package deal
Authors: McKee Adam 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe gay fatherhood literature offers a unique opportunity to analyze, apply, and explore the nuances of gender and family theories. To do this, this review will implement three theoretical models: doing gender, queer theory, and the package deal. Gay men can be viewed as both doing gender when parenting and undoing or queering traditional ideas about gender and family. It appears gay fathers are readily aware of these gendered parenting roles, but do not want their parenting to be constrained by them. Townsend's () package deal, present in his sample of heterosexual fathers, is relevant to research on gay fathers. An explanation of the importance of research on gay fathers and suggestions of future research on this demographic are made.
Enhancement of synchronized activity between hippocampal CA1 neurons during initial storage of associative fear memory
Authors: Liu Yu‐Zhang , Wang Yao , Shen Weida , Wang Zhiru 
Published: May 2017

Key points
Learning and memory storage requires neuronal plasticity induced in the hippocampus and other related brain areas, and this process is thought to rely on synchronized activity in neural networks.
We used paired whole‐cell recording in vivo to examine the synchronized activity that was induced in hippocampal CA1 neurons by associative fear learning.
We found that both membrane potential synchronization and spike synchronization of CA1 neurons could be transiently enhanced after task learning, as observed on day 1 but not day 5.
On day 1 after learning, CA1 neurons showed a decrease in firing threshold and rise times of suprathreshold membrane potential changes as well as an increase in spontaneous firing rates, possibly contributing to the enhancement of spike synchronization.
The transient enhancement of CA1 neuronal synchronization may play important roles in the induction of neuronal plasticity for initial storage and consolidation of associative memory.
AbstractThe hippocampus is critical for memory acquisition and consolidation. This function requires activity‐ and experience‐induced neuronal plasticity. It is known that neuronal plasticity is largely dependent on synchronized activity. As has been well characterized, repetitive correlated activity of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons can lead to long‐term modifications at their synapses. Studies on network activity have also suggested that memory processing in the hippocampus may involve learning‐induced changes of neuronal synchronization, as observed in vivo between hippocampal CA3 and CA1 networks as well as between the rhinal cortex and the hippocampus. However, further investigation of learning‐induced synchronized activity in the hippocampus is needed for a full understanding of hippocampal memory processing. In this study, by performing paired whole‐cell recording in vivo on CA1 pyramidal cells (PCs) in anaesthetized adult rats, we examined CA1 neuronal synchronization before and after associative fear learning. We first found in naive animals that there was a low level of membrane potential (MP) synchronization and spike synchronization of CA1 PCs. In conditioned animals, we found a significant enhancement of both MP synchronization and spike synchronization, as observed on day 1 after learning, and this enhancement was transient and not observed on day 5. Accompanying learning‐induced synchronized activity was a decreased firing threshold and rise time of suprathreshold MP changes as well as an increased spontaneous firing rate, possibly contributing to the enhanced spike synchronization. The transiently enhanced CA1 neuronal synchronization may have important roles in generating neuronal plasticity for hippocampal storage and consolidation of associative memory traces.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Rhodococcus
sp. Strain 66b
Authors: Thatcher Louise F. , Myers Cindy A. , O’Sullivan Cathryn A. , Roper Margaret M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence and annotation of
Rhodococcus
sp. strain 66b isolated from the soil of southwest Western Australia. This strain exhibits a range of bioactivities, including plant growth promotion, biosurfactant production, and wax degradation. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Mycoparasitic Oomycete
Pythium oligandrum
Strain CBS 530.74
Authors: Kushwaha Sandeep K. , Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Grenville-Briggs Laura J. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

The oomycete
Pythium oligandrum
is a mycoparasite and licenced biological control agent. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
P. oligandrum
strain CBS 530.74, which is 36.80 Mb. It contains 341 scaffolds and 11,647 predicted protein-coding genes. As reported for plant-pathogenic
Pythium
species, RXLR-type effector sequences are absent.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian H1N1 Influenza Virus Strain Isolated from Migratory Birds in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Koo Bon-Sang , Kim Hye Kwon , Na Woonsung , Song Daesub , Kim Doo-Jin , Yoon Sun-Woo , Jeong Dae Gwin 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an H1N1 avian influenza virus (AIV), which was isolated from the feces of migratory birds in the Republic of Korea during the winters of 2014 and 2015. Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all genome segments belonged to the Eurasian lineage.
Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes of Activated Sludge from a Sewage Plant, with or without Aerobic Granule Enrichment
Authors: Crovadore Julien , Soljan Vice , Calmin Gautier , Chablais Romain , Cochard Bastien , Lefort François 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
We report here the metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of activated sludge bioreactors, enriched or not enriched with aerobic granules, at an initial state and after 1 month of incubation. Data showed that the added granular biomass expressed higher levels of expression of genes involved in ammonia elimination.
Finished Whole-Genome Sequence of Clostridium argentinense Producing Botulinum Neurotoxin Type G
Authors: Halpin Jessica L. , Hill Karen , Johnson Shannon L. , Bruce David Carlton , Shirey T. Brian , Dykes Janet K. , Lúquez Carolina 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we present a closed genome sequence for
Clostridium argentinense
strain 89G, the first strain identified to produce botulinum neurotoxin type G (BoNT/G). Although discovered in 1970, to date, there have been no reference quality sequences publicly available for this species.
Genomovirus Genomes Recovered from
Echinothrips americanus
Sampled in Florida, USA
Authors: Kraberger Simona , Polston Jane E. , Capobianco Heather M. , Alcalá-Briseño Ricardo I. , Fontenele Rafaela S. , Varsani Arvind 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Four genomovirus genomes were recovered from thrips (
Echinothrips americanus
) collected in Florida, USA. These represent four new species which are members of the
Gemycircularvirus
(
n
= 2),
Gemyduguivirus
(
n
= 1), and
Gemykibivirus
(
n
= 1) genera. This is the first record, to our knowledge, of genomoviruses associated with a phytophagous insect.
Regulation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Neuroprotective Effects of Acupuncture on Brain Injury Caused by Heroin Addiction
Authors: Gao Yong-Long , Zhang Yang , Cao Jiang-Peng , Wu Sheng-Bing , Cai Xing-Hui , Zhang Yan-Chun , Zhang Rong-Jun , Song Xiao-Ge , Zhang Li-Da 
Published: May 2017

Objectives To evaluate regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response by acupuncture and to investigate its neuroprotective effect on brain injury caused by heroin addiction. Methods A total of 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a healthy control group (Control), an untreated heroin exposed group (Heroin) and a heroin exposed group receiving electroacupuncture (EA) treatment at GV14 and GV20 (Heroin+acupuncture) with n=16 rats per group. A rat model of heroin addiction was established by intramuscular injection of incremental doses of heroin for 8 consecutive days. A rat model of heroin relapse was established according to the exposure (addiction) → detoxification method. Apoptotic changes in nerve cells in the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were evaluated in each group of rats using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. PERK, eIF2a, CHOP, IRE1 and JNK gene expression and protein expression were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay and immunohistochemical assay, respectively. Results The total number of positive nerve cells in the hippocampus and VTA was significantly lower in the Heroin+acupuncture group than in the Heroin group (p<0.01). Compared with the Heroin group, mRNA and protein expression of PERK, eIF2a, CHOP, IRE1 and JNK in the hippocampus and VTA were significantly downregulated in the Heroin+acupuncture group (p<0.05). Conclusion The acupuncture-regulated ERS response appears to mediate the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture in heroin-addicted rats with brain injury. Inhibition of CHOP and JNK upregulation and reduction of nerve cell apoptosis may be the main mechanisms underlying the effects of acupuncture on heroin addiction-induced brain injury.
Flavon VEV scales in U(3)×U(3)′ model
Authors: Koide Yoshio , Nishiura Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2017

We have recently proposed a quark and lepton mass matrix model based on U(3)[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]U(3)[Formula: see text] family symmetry as the so-called Yukawaon model, in which the U(3) symmetry is broken by VEVs of flavons [Formula: see text] which are [Formula: see text] of U(3)[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]U(3)[Formula: see text]. The model has successfully provided the unified description of quark and lepton masses and mixings by using the observed charged lepton masses as only family-number dependent input parameters. However, our final goal is not only to give well-satisfied fitting of quark and lepton masses and mixings, but also to investigate physics behind such a successful parameter fitting. Therefore, our next concern is scales of VEVs of the flavons because we have not paid attention to scales of flavons in the previous study. In order to give consistency among the scales, the previous flavon model is drastically changed together with economizing number of the flavons, but with keeping previous phenomenological success. We estimate that VEVs of flavons with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are of the orders of 10 TeV, 104 TeV and 107 TeV, respectively.
Withania somniferaphytochemicals confer neuroprotection by selective inhibition of nNos: Anin silicostudy to search potent and selective inhibitors for human nNOS
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Paliwal Pankaj , Patnaik Nishant , Patnaik Ranjana 
Published: May 2017

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS or NOS1) is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of various neurological diseases. A major challenge faced in the design of nNOS inhibitors emphasizes on potency in humans and selectivity over other NOS isoforms — eNOS and iNOS. The present structural-based in silico study was carried out to search potent and selective inhibitor for human nNOS from a set of 40 Withania somnifera phytochemicals structure. Ten phytochemicals appear as dual-selective inhibitors of nNOS over both iNOS and eNOS. Here we report five potent and selective human nNOS inhibitors, namely, Chlorogenic Acid, Withanolide B, Withacnistin Pelletierine, and Calystegine B2 based on their selectivity, binding energy and nNOS active site residues interaction profile. These phytochemicals have nNOS selectivity higher than 4-methyl-6-(2-(5-(3-(methylamino)propyl)pyridin-3-yl)-ethyl)pyridin-2-amine inhibitor and have potential as an oral neurotherapeutic agent to combat neurological disorders mediated by nNOS activation.
A 60-year international history of Antarctic subglacial lake exploration
Authors: Siegert Martin J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In January 2013, the US WISSARD programme measured and sampled Lake Whillans, a subglacial water body at the edge of West Antarctica, in a clean and environmentally sensitive manner, proving the existence of microbial life beneath this part of the ice sheet. The success of WISSARD represented a benchmark in the exploration of Antarctica, made possible by a rich and diverse history of events, discoveries and discussions over the past 60 years, ranging from geophysical measurement of subglacial lakes to the development of scientific hypotheses concerning these environments and the engineering solutions required to test them. In this article, I provide a personal account of this history, from the published literature and my own involvement in subglacial lake exploration over the last 20 years. I show that our ability to directly measure and sample subglacial water bodies in Antarctica has been made possible by a strong theme of international collaboration, at odds with the media representation of a scientific ‘race’ between nations. I also consider plans for subglacial lake exploration and discuss how such collaboration is likely to be key to success of future research in this field.
β-Adrenergic receptor stimulation inhibits proarrhythmic alternans in postinfarction border zone cardiomyocytes: a computational analysis
Authors: Tomek Jakub , Rodriguez Blanca , Bub Gil , Heijman Jordi 
Published: May 2017

The border zone (BZ) of the viable myocardium adjacent to an infarct undergoes extensive autonomic and electrical remodeling and is prone to repolarization alternans-induced cardiac arrhythmias. BZ remodeling processes may promote or inhibit Ca2+ and/or repolarization alternans and may differentially affect ventricular arrhythmogenesis. Here, we used a detailed computational model of the canine ventricular cardiomyocyte to study the determinants of alternans in the BZ and their regulation by β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation. The BZ model developed Ca2+ transient alternans at slower pacing cycle lengths than the control model, suggesting that the BZ may promote spatially heterogeneous alternans formation in an infarcted heart. β-AR stimulation abolished alternans. By evaluating all combinations of downstream β-AR stimulation targets, we identified both direct (via ryanodine receptor channels) and indirect [via sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load] modulation of SR Ca2+ release as critical determinants of Ca2+ transient alternans. These findings were confirmed in a human ventricular cardiomyocyte model. Cell-to-cell coupling indirectly modulated the likelihood of alternans by affecting the action potential upstroke, reducing the trigger for SR Ca2+ release in one-dimensional strand simulations. However, β-AR stimulation inhibited alternans in both single and multicellular simulations. Taken together, these data highlight a potential antiarrhythmic role of sympathetic hyperinnervation in the BZ by reducing the likelihood of alternans and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms controlling Ca2+ transient and repolarization alternans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We integrated, for the first time, postmyocardial infarction electrical and autonomic remodeling in a detailed, validated computer model of β-adrenergic stimulation in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Here, we show that β-adrenergic stimulation inhibits alternans and provide novel insights into underlying mechanisms, adding to a recent controversy about pro-/antiarrhythmic effects of postmyocardial infarction hyperinnervation. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/%CE%B2-ar-stimulation-and-alternans-in-border-zone-cardiomyocytes/ .
Chronic hypoxia attenuates the vasodilator efficacy of protein kinase G in fetal and adult ovine cerebral arteries
Authors: Thorpe Richard B. , Hubbell Margaret C. , Silpanisong Jinjutha , Williams James M. , Pearce William J. 
Published: May 2017

Long-term hypoxia (LTH) attenuates nitric oxide-induced vasorelaxation in ovine middle cerebral arteries. Because cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is an important mediator of NO signaling in vascular smooth muscle, we tested the hypothesis that LTH diminishes the ability of PKG to interact with target proteins and cause vasorelaxation. Prominent among proteins that regulate vascular tone is the large-conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ (BK) channel, which is a substrate for PKG and is responsive to phosphorylation on multiple serine/threonine residues. Given the influence of these proteins, we also examined whether LTH attenuates PKG and BK channel protein abundances and PKG activity. Middle cerebral arteries were harvested from normoxic and hypoxic (altitude of 3,820 m for 110 days) fetal and adult sheep. These arteries were denuded and equilibrated with 95% O2-5% CO2 in the presence of N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) to inhibit potential confounding influences of events upstream from PKG. Expression and activity of PKG-I were not significantly affected by chronic hypoxia in either fetal or adult arteries. Pretreatment with the BK inhibitor iberiotoxin attenuated vasorelaxation induced by 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in normoxic but not LTH arteries. The spatial proximities of PKG with BK channel α- and β1-proteins were examined using confocal microscopy, which revealed a strong dissociation of PKG with these proteins after LTH. These results support our hypothesis that hypoxia reduces the ability of PKG to attenuate vasoconstriction in part through suppression of the ability of PKG to associate with and thereby activate BK channels in arterial smooth muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using measurements of contractility, protein abundance, kinase activity, and confocal colocalization in fetal and adult ovine cerebral arteries, the present study demonstrates that long-term hypoxia diminishes the ability of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) to cause vasorelaxation through suppression of its colocalization and interaction with large-conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ (BK) channel proteins in cerebrovascular smooth muscle. These experiments are among the first to demonstrate hypoxic changes in BK subunit abundances in fetal cerebral arteries and also introduce the use of advanced methods of confocal colocalization to study interaction between PKG and its targets.
Role of thiosulfate in hydrogen sulfide-dependent redox signaling in endothelial cells
Authors: Leskova Anna , Pardue Sibile , Glawe John D. , Kevil Christopher G. , Shen Xinggui 
Published: May 2017

Recent reports have revealed that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts critical actions to promote cardiovascular homeostasis and health. Thiosulfate is one of the products formed during oxidative H2S metabolism, and thiosulfate has been used extensively and safely to treat calcific uremic arteriopathy in dialysis patients. Yet despite its significance, fundamental questions regarding how thiosulfate and H2S interact during redox signaling remain unanswered. In the present study, we examined the effect of exogenous thiosulfate on hypoxia-induced H2S metabolite bioavailability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Under hypoxic conditions, we observed a decrease of GSH and GSSG levels in HUVECs at 0.5 and 4 h as well as decreased free H2S and acid-labile sulfide and increased bound sulfide at all time points. Treatment with exogenous thiosulfate significantly decreased the ratio of GSH/GSSG to total sulfide of HUVECs under 0.5 h of hypoxia but significantly increased this ratio in HUVECs under 4 h of hypoxia. These responses reveal that thiosulfate has different effects at low and high doses and under different O2 tensions. In addition, treatment with thiosulfate also diminished VEGF-induced cystathionine-γ-lyase expression and reduced VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. These results indicate that thiosulfate can modulate H2S metabolites and signaling under various culture conditions that impact angiogenic activity. Thus, thiosulfate may serve as a unique sulfide donor to modulate endothelial responses under pathophysiological conditions involving angiogenesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This report provides new evidence that different levels of exogenous thiosulfate dynamically change discrete sulfide biochemical metabolite bioavailability in endothelial cells under normoxia or hypoxia, acting in a slow manner to modulate sulfide metabolites. Moreover, our findings also reveal that thiosulfate surprisingly inhibits VEGF-dependent endothelial cell proliferation associated with a reduction in cystathionine-γ-lyase protein levels.