bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orexins mitigate obesity‐associated dysfunctions in mice
Authors: Blais Anne , Denis Isabelle , Andriamihaja Mireille , Gratio Valérie , Champeil‐Potokar Gaelle , Laouirem Samira , Chassac Anais , Couvelard Anne , Paradis Valérie , Voisin Thierry , Davila Anne‐Marie , Couvineau Alain 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveObesity is a chronic disease that affects more than 400 million adults with severe comorbidities. The search for new treatments to reduce its negative consequences is necessary. Orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in various physiological processes related to obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of chronic orexin‐A treatment in mouse models.MethodsFemale wild‐type C57BL/6 mice that were obesity‐prone or obesity‐resistant and mice that were deficient for orexin receptors were fed with a high‐fat diet. Glucose tolerance, indirect calorimetry, expression of brain neuropeptides and receptors, microglial activation, and microbiota were determined to evaluate the role of orexins on metabolic flexibility.ResultsOrexin‐A reduces weight gain in obesity‐prone mice. This reduction is associated with a decrease in body fat, food intake, steatosis, and insulin resistance, as well as alterations of intestinal microbiota composition. A decreased expression of orexin receptors and neuropeptides involved in food intake was also observed in the hypothalamus.ConclusionsOur data support the notion that orexin receptor signaling is involved in different aspects of energy metabolism and can mitigate several dysfunctions associated with obesity, suggesting that orexin receptors can represent new targets for obesity treatment.
Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of a New Series of Maleimide Derivatives
Authors: Eyilcim Öznur , Günay Fulya , Ng Yuk Yin , Ulucan Açan Özlem , Turgut Zuhal , Günkara Ömer Tahir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA series of novel maleimide derivatives were synthesized, with various heterocyclic compounds serving as side chains in the synthesis process. The structural characteristics of these compounds were elucidated through the application of 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, 13C‐NMR (APT) spectroscopy, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The anti‐cancer potential of these compounds was subsequently assessed in vitro, utilizing two distinct breast cancer cell lines, namely MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7, via MTT assay. Among the 12 newly synthesized compounds, 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 d, 5 a, 5 b, 5 c and 5 d were determined to show the most promising anti‐cancer activity against both breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, the morphological changes induced in the cells following a 24‐hour incubation period with these compounds were observed using light microscopy. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the stability of the bound conformations of the compounds to the target protein GSK‐3β as obtained through molecular docking calculations.
Phytochemical analysis of different Callicarpa species based on integrating metabolomics and chemometrics
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zhang Qingrui , Ngina Charity , Lei Peng , Li Xiaoge , Jiang Qibao , Jiang Miaomiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionTraditionally, Callicarpa species have been utilized their anti‐inflammatory and hemostatic properties. Prominently featured species in the 2020 Edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were Callicarpa nudiflora (CN), Callicarpa macrophylla (CM), Callicarpa formosana (CF), and Callicarpa kwangtungensis (CK), which were formulated into several medicinal preparations. Extensive applications led to the significant depletion of CN's wild resources. The management of germplasm resources was significantly disordered. Adulteration issues were also prevalent.ObjectiveIt is imperative that the study aims to identify alternative sources for CN and other pharmacopeial varieties and develop methods to distinguish different Callicarpa species.ResultsData were acquired using three mass spectrometry modes: Data Dependent Analysis (DDA), Data‐Independent Analysis (DIA), and full mass spectrometry (MS). The DDA mode identified or inferred information on 54 compounds. The Full MS mode identified or inferred 74 compounds, including 20 that were previously unreported in Callicarpa. These compounds were confirmed using standards. The DIA mode did not facilitate identification due to missing precursor ion data. With metabolomics, 19 differential compounds were identified or inferred. Luteolin, chrysoeriol, and quercetin were selected as potential markers, integrating the 10 active compounds from network pharmacology.ConclusionBased on the relative abundance of these markers, it was proposed that Callicarpa giraldii Hesse ex Rehd. var. (CGHRV) and CM could serve as alternative resource species to CN, while CGHRV and Callicarpa giraldii Hesse ex Rehd. (CGHR) could substitute the pharmacopeial CM. Callicarpa longissimi (CLG) was suggested as an alternative to CK, while Callicarpa cathayana (CC) and Callicarpa rubella (CRL) could replace CF. Furthermore, the absence of certain compounds in CK presented a novel opportunity for the differentiation of various Callicarpa species.
Development of hydroxyapatite/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)/gelatin composite nanofibers to improve bone‐forming cell proliferation and mineral deposition
Authors: Al‐Senani Ghadah M. , Abu Al‐Ola Khulood A. , Al‐Qahtani Salhah D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCalcium phosphate hydroxyapatite (HA) was successfully incorporated into poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)/gelatin (PHBV/GEL) nanofibers through an electrospinning process in a hexafluoroisopropanol solvent (HFIP). The PHBV/GEL was electrospun and collected using a rotating metallic network to develop highly ordered nonwoven mats. The effects of HA addition on the morphologies of the obtained fibers were investigated using SEM. The average diameter of the fibers ranged around 700–900 nm, depending on the HA content. From a mechanical perspective, the addition of HA nanoparticles showed variations in tensile strength and elastic modulus values. The lowest tensile strength measured for neat PHBV/GEL was 0.37 ± 0.08 MPa with an elastic modulus of 9.45 ± 0.65 MPa, whereas the highest tensile strength reported for 5% HA‐loaded PHBV/GEL mats was 1.1 ± 0.4 MPa with an elastic modulus of 16.9 ± 0.39 MPa. In addition, cell viability, and mineral deposition were also studied using MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblasts. The in vitro experiment results showed that the HA loaded‐PHBV/GEL mats provide optimal conditions for cell growth and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. This study reveals the potential of PHBV/GEL/HA matrices in the development of novel guided bone‐regeneration (GBR) membranes for orthopedic and craniomaxillofacial surgery, by providing favorable structural features for attachment, growth, and differentiation of osteoblast cells.Highlights
Simple and cheap electrospinning strategy toward network‐like fibrous mats.
Microstructure, mechanical, and biological features were evaluated.
Electrospun PHBV/GEL/HA promoted calcium phosphate deposition by MC3T3‐E1 cells.
Regenerative soil management practices no‐till and sheep grazing induce significant but contrasting short‐term changes in the vineyard soil microbiome
Authors: Bansal Sangeeta , Gonzalez‐Maldonado Noelymar , Yao Erika , Wong Connie T. F. , Adamo Irene , Acin‐Albiac Marta , Garcia‐Jimenez Beatriz , Acedo Alberto , Lazcano Cristina 
Published: September 2024

Societal Impact StatementWinegrape production is an essential cultural heritage and economic engine of many regions of the world. Regenerative management, which is gaining traction with industry and consumers alike, relies on soil biodiversity for agroecosystem function, reducing external inputs and increasing ecosystem resilience to climate change. We evaluated the effects of no‐till and sheep integration on vineyard soil biodiversity and soil ecosystem function. No‐till had stronger effects on microbial diversity, while sheep grazing stimulated microbial functioning. By providing a better understanding of the practices, we provide fundamental information for growers that want to embrace regenerative principles, ultimately contributing to the sustainability and resilience of the winegrape industry.Summary

Regenerative management aims to optimize soil microbial function and diversity for enhanced agroecosystem functionality. Understanding the effects of management practices on soil microorganisms is crucial in the context of growing societal interest in this type of management.
This study evaluated the short‐term effects of two soil conservation practices: sheep grazing and no‐till, on abundance, diversity, activity, and network complexity of prokaryotes and fungi in a vineyard soil. Four treatments were applied for 3 years: (1) grazed and tilled, (2) grazed and non‐tilled, (3) non‐grazed and tilled, and (4) non‐grazed and non‐tilled. We hypothesized that stacking of conservation practices (grazing and no‐till) would increase microbial diversity, function, and network complexity.
Grazing had strong effects on microbial function, increasing the α‐glucosidase, β‐glucosidase, cellulase, phosphatase, and β‐xylosidase enzymatic activity by 82%, 48%, 61%, 39%, and 55%, respectively, compared to non‐grazed soils, while not causing significant changes in soil microbial diversity. Tillage had strong effects on soil prokaryotic and fungal diversity. For prokaryotes, significant interactions in alpha diversity were found between tillage and grazing, and between tillage and sampling location (tractor row and under vine). Fungal Shannon diversity index was higher in the subsoil (15–30 cm) while a significant interaction between depth, location, tillage, and grazing was found for the Chao‐1 index. Microbial network properties were only significantly affected by sampling depth.
This study shows that the lack of disturbance in non‐tilled and non‐grazed soils resulted in a more diverse soil community, while grazing stimulated microbial function, thus showing a decoupling between diversity and function in vineyard soil ecosystems.
Comparative Profiling of Milk Somatic Cells Proteomes Revealed Key Players in Mammary Immune Mechanisms During Mastitis in Tropical Sahiwal (Bos indicus) Cows
Authors: Satheesan Lija , Kittur Priyanka M. , Alhussien Mohanned Naif , Karanwal Seema , A. P. Madhusoodan , Alex Rani , Kamboj Aarti , Dang Ajay Kumar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeBovine mastitis poses a significant economic burden on the dairy industry worldwide. This pioneering proteomic study conducted a comparative profiling of milk somatic cell (SC) proteins contributing to mammary immune defense during subclinical and clinical mastitis (CM) in Sahiwal (Bos indicus) cows.Experimental DesignBased on California mastitis test (CMT) scores, milk SC counts, differential leukocyte counts (DLCs), and bacteriological culture results, quarter milk SC samples were categorized into healthy (H), subclinical mastitis (SCM), and CM groups. Comparative proteome profiling of milk SCs was done using a label‐free liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) proteomic approach.ResultsThe identified upregulated proteins in mastitis groups such as Vanin 2, Thioredoxin reductase‐like selenoprotein T, Ceramidase, Lymphocyte antigen 75, Misshapen‐like kinase 1 (MINK1), Thrombospondin 1, Macrophage scavenger receptor 1, Leupaxin, and Lipoamide acyltransferase, involved in immune responses. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed immune functions and pathways like antigen processing, complement cascades, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, efferocytosis, leukocyte migration, chemokine, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs), and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐beta signaling.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese findings provide essential information on proteomic profiling in milk SCs and contribute valuable insights into immune‐related proteins regulated during mastitis in dairy cows. Further, validated proteins (Vanin 2, MINK1, and Thrombospondin 1) offer potential inflammatory biomarkers for early mastitis detection in dairy cows.
Transitions across borders: Migration aspirations of young people from Kinmen, Taiwan
Authors: Yang Gina Chin‐Yi , Koo Anita 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the migration aspirations of young people from the remote border area of Kinmen, Taiwan and their migratory trajectories—internal migration to the main island of Taiwan and cross‐border migration to China. Located between Taiwan and China, Kinmen is an offshore island with a long history of migration. Based on multi‐site ethnographic data from 30 young people, this paper explores their migratory trajectories and aspirations concerning the instability of socio‐political context and the growing social and cultural inequalities of today's globalised world, China's rise in particular. It contributes to the population geography literature by using migration aspiration as a critical lens to analyse how young people negotiate their borderland identity through mobility under the changing cross‐strait political economy. The paper emphasises the importance of considering the transformation of regional economy and culture when analysing youth migration experiences. In recognising the socially grounded aspects of migration aspiration, it highlights the fluid and transformative nature of migration to enrich our knowledge of how marginalised youth form subjectivities and negotiate complex identities through migration. The distinctive experiences of peripheral youth shed new light on the conceptualisation of border crossing, place and desires under the sway of globalisation.
Development and Validation of an ICP‐OES Method to Determine Extractable and Leachable Metals in HDPE (Plastic) Pharmaceutical Packaging Material
Authors: Kapadnis Gaurav , Kar Prasenjit , Balakrishnan Kannan , Vyasa Samir , Mahajan Bhavna , Deshpande Kirti , Sajimon Lida , Kapadnis Prajakta 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe safety and effectiveness of pharmaceutical medicines depend heavily on extractables and leachables. Patients may be adversely affected by contaminants that enter drug products through packing materials. As a result, regulatory organizations like the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have set standards and regulations for evaluating and managing extractables and leachables. Characterizing the packing materials, carrying out extraction experiments and checking the extracted solutions for contaminants are all parts of this research. As part of the process for approving new drugs, regulatory agencies make use of these data. In present work, an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) method is developed and validated for quantifying trace elements from a high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) packaging material. The approach delineated in accordance with United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) <661.1> and <661.2> for the comprehensive analysis of 16 metallic elements including aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury, nickel, titanium, vanadium, zinc, zirconium, barium, manganese, calcium and tin is applicable for evaluating the efficacy of packaging materials. The method detection limits (MDLs) complied as per USP 39‐NF 34 <661.1> along with relative standard deviations (RSDs) obtained were ranging from 0.3% to 3.1% and recoveries of all elements spiked at two different trace levels in HDPE samples were within 97%–110%, providing sensitive, accurate and reproducible methodology.
Locomotion for Insect‐Scale Robots With Bionic Strategies: A Review
Authors: Zou Wenjing , Ma Erqi , Chen Haolin , Lin Feng , Xiao Ziting , Zhang Zezhan , Jiang Jing , Niu Yi , Yu Peifeng , Wang Chao 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTInsect‐scale robots possess the advantageous traits of small size, lightweight, and high flexibility. These features make them suitable for complex, narrow, or higher‐than‐the‐ground environments, allowing these insect‐scale robots to become highly sought‐after research topics. However, the miniaturization of robots has brought challenges to improving their environmental adaptability, such as climbing and obstacle‐crossing abilities. Mainstream strategies inspired by natural creatures to address these challenges can be classified into two types: adhesion for climbing robots and multi‐motion modes for obstacle‐crossing robots. Adhesion is preferred for occasions requiring climbing slopes, walls, or ceilings. In contrast, multi‐motion modes are suitable for occasions with limited obstacle heights or complex terrains to enable miniaturization and cable‐free operation. This paper summarizes the current research on environment‐adaptable insect‐scale robots (EAISRs) with adhesion or multi‐motion modes. Then, the paper discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and application scenarios of EAISRs, including climbing robots with different adhesion strategies and obstacle‐crossing robots with various driving methods in detail. Finally, this paper proposes the future challenges and possible solutions for EAISRs, providing ideas for future interactions between insect‐scale robots and the environment.
Analysing group‐ and metatechnology efficiencies and technology gap of airlines for a sustainable future
Authors: Yu Ming‐Miin , Guo Yongli , See Kok Fong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAirline performance evaluation, which involves incorporating sustainable concepts, provides stakeholders and managers with an objective basis for decision‐making. This evaluation considers not only conventional metrics but also environmental impacts, contributing to the advancement of sustainable development goals. This study incorporates a two‐stage network of airline operations, which implies that airlines utilise limited resources to meet their service capacity in the first stage and generate passenger and cargo services alongside carbon emissions in the second stage. The study proposes a union dynamic network data envelopment analysis model, which integrates group technology and meta‐technology into a unified model. This model not only solves the unreasonable technology gap ratio problem but also accounts for the technological heterogeneity (whether or not to participate in a strategic alliance) and the dynamic efficiency of different airlines in the network structure during different operation periods. A sample of 24 global airlines from 2017 to 2019 is used in the study. The empirical results show that the dynamic total meta‐efficiency of the alliance group is significantly greater than that of the nonalliance group over the 3 years. This suggests that joining a strategic alliance has a positive effect on airlines' operational efficiency while reinforcing their commitment to sustainability initiatives.
Preparation of Alkali‐Resistant Lignin Nanospheres Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications Toward Antibiosis and Printing
Authors: Fan Yufei , Ji Hairui , Ji Xingxiang , Tian Zhongjian , Chen Jiachuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLignin nanoparticles (LNPs) loaded with silver nanoparticles have exhibited significant application potential in antibacterial and catalytic fields. However, the high solubility of LNPs in silver ammonia solution makes it difficult to achieve the reduction of Ag+ and the adsorption of silver nanoparticles. In this study, a protecting agent, terephthalic aldehyde (TA) is used to block lignin condensation and introduce aldehyde groups onto the lignin molecular backbone during lignin extraction. Furthermore, the TA stabilized lignin (TASL) is cross‐linked with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) to enhance its alkali resistance performance and subsequently prepared into alkali‐resistance BADGE‐ TASL hybrid LNPs (BADGE‐ TASL hy‐LNPs) by anti‐solvent precipitation and self‐assembly. Because the presence of a large number of aldehyde groups in TASL compensates for the loss of phenolic hydroxyl groups caused by crosslinking reactions, a high loading of silver nanoparticles of 54.00% is obtained after redox reaction and adsorption in silver ammonia solution. When the BADGE‐TASL hy‐LNPs@Ag is used as an antibacterial agent, its inhibition efficiency reached ≈99%. Besides, the BADGE‐TASL hy‐LNPs@Ag can serve as a printing material for the preparation of conductive printing ink. Therefore, this study provides a strategy for lignin functionalization and application in printed electronics and antimicrobial fields.
Tailoring Oxygen Reduction Reaction on M–N–C Catalysts via Axial Coordination Engineering
Authors: Liu Dandan , Wan Xin , Shui Jianglan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries is an important link in realizing a sustainable energy supply and a green environment for the future. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the core reaction of such energy conversion devices. M–N–C catalysts exhibit encouraging ORR catalytic activity and are the most promising candidates for replacing Pt/C. The electrocatalytic performance of M–N–C catalysts is intimately related to the specific metal species and the coordination environment of the central metal atom. Axial coordination engineering presents an avenue for the development of highly active ORR catalysts and has seen considerable progress over the past decade. Nevertheless, the accurate control over the coordination environment and electronic structure of M–N–C catalysts at the atomic scale poses a big challenge. Herein, the diverse axial ligands, characterization techniques, and modulation mechanisms for axial coordination engineering are encompassed and discussed. Furthermore, some pressing matters to be solved and challenges that deserve to be explored and investigated in the future for axial coordination engineering are proposed.
Wie viel wiegt das Vakuum?
Authors: Kempf Achim , Jonsson Robert , Pye Jason , Rosa Luigi , Calloni Enrico 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Vakuum ist nicht völlig leer, denn die Heisenbergsche Unschärferelation erzwingt Vakuumfluktuationen. Deren Existenz ist über Messungen der Casimir‐Kraft belegt. Folglich muss auch Energie in den Vakuumfluktuationen stecken, die sich nach E = mc2 in Form von Gravitation bemerkbar machen sollte. Nach der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie müsste ihre Gravitation die Expansion des Universums beschleunigen. Allerdings wäre die Gravitationswirkung, die sich theoretisch aus der quantenmechanisch ermittelten Grundzustandsenergie des Vakuums ergibt, um etwa 120 Gröβenordnungen zu groβ. Dieser Widerspruch ist eine der grundlegenden, ungeklärten Fragestellungen der Physik. Auf der Suche nach einer Antwort soll das Archimedes‐Experiment als extrem empfindliche Waage die Energiedichte des Vakuums bestimmen. Das Resultat soll Hinweise auf die Ursache des „Problems der kosmologischen Konstante” liefern.
Karl George Emeléus and Physics in Belfast 1927–66
Authors: McCartney Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKarl George Emeléus (1901–1989) was educated at Cambridge and after a short period at King’s College, London, he spent the remainder of his career as lecturer (1929–33) and then professor (1933–66) of physics at Queen’s University, Belfast. At Queen’s, he set the direction of experimental research in gas discharge and plasmas for a generation and oversaw the growth of the department. He also acted as a spokesman for physics in Northern Ireland and was involved in public responses to concerns about the use of nuclear weapons and nuclear energy in the late 1940s and 50s. This paper summarises Emeléus’s life and work and sets it in the context of physics at Queen’s University in the mid-twentieth century.