bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible Range of Viscosity Parameters to Trigger Black Hole Candidates to Exhibit Different States of Outbursts
Authors: Mondal Santanu , Chakrabarti Sandip K. , Nagarkoti Shreeram , Arévalo Patricia 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In a two component advective flow around a compact object, a high-viscosity Keplerian disk is flanked by a low angular momentum and low-viscosity flow that forms a centrifugal, pressure-supported shock wave close to the black hole. The post-shock region that behaves like a Compton cloud becomes progressively smaller during the outburst as the spectra change from the hard state (HS) to the soft state (SS), in order to satisfy the Rankine–Hugoniot relation in the presence of cooling. The resonance oscillation of the shock wave that causes low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) also allows us to obtain the shock location from each observed QPO frequency. Applying the theory of transonic flow, along with Compton cooling and viscosity, we obtain the viscosity parameter

required for the shock to form at those places in the low-Keplerian component. When we compare the evolution of

for each outburst, we arrive at a major conclusion: in each source, the advective flow component typically requires an exactly similar value of

when transiting from one spectral state to another (e.g., from HS to SS through intermediate states and the other way around in the declining phase). Most importantly, these

values in the low angular momentum advective component are fully self-consistent in the sense that they remain below the critical value

required to form a Keplerian disk. For a further consistency check, we compute the

of the Keplerian component, and find that in each of the objects,

<

<

.
Global Solar Magnetic Field Organization in the Outer Corona: Influence on the Solar Wind Speed and Mass Flux Over the Cycle
Authors: Réville Victor , Brun Allan Sacha 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The dynamics of the solar wind depends intrinsically on the structure of the global solar magnetic field, which undergoes fundamental changes over the 11-year solar cycle. For instance, the wind terminal velocity is thought to be anti-correlated with the expansion factor, a measure of how the magnetic field varies with height in the solar corona, usually computed at a fixed height (

, the source surface radius that approximates the distance at which all magnetic field lines become open). However, the magnetic field expansion affects the solar wind in a more detailed way, its influence on the solar wind properties remaining significant well beyond the source surface. We demonstrate this using 3D global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar corona, constrained by surface magnetograms over half a solar cycle (1989–2001). A self-consistent expansion beyond the solar wind critical point (even up to

) makes our model comply with observed characteristics of the solar wind, namely, that the radial magnetic field intensity becomes latitude independent at some distance from the Sun, and that the mass flux is mostly independent of the terminal wind speed. We also show that near activity minimum, the expansion in the higher corona has more influence on the wind speed than the expansion below

.
Electron-capture and Low-mass Iron-core-collapse Supernovae: New Neutrino-radiation-hydrodynamics Simulations
Authors: Radice David , Burrows Adam , Vartanyan David , Skinner M. Aaron , Dolence Joshua C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present new 1D (spherical) and 2D (axisymmetric) simulations of electron-capture (EC) and low-mass iron-core-collapse supernovae (SN). We consider six progenitor models: the ECSN progenitor from Nomoto; two ECSN-like low-mass low-metallicity iron-core progenitors from A. Heger (2016, private communication); and the 9, 10, and 11

(zero-age main-sequence) progenitors from Sukhbold et al. We confirm that the ECSN and ESCN-like progenitors explode easily even in 1D with explosion energies of up to a 0.15 Bethes (

), and are a viable mechanism for the production of very-low-mass neutron stars. However, the 9, 10, and 11

progenitors do not explode in 1D and are not even necessarily easier to explode than higher-mass progenitor stars in 2D. We study the effect of perturbations and of changes to the microphysics and we find that relatively small changes can result in qualitatively different outcomes, even in 1D, for models sufficiently close to the explosion threshold. Finally, we revisit the impact of convection below the protoneutron star (PNS) surface. We analyze 1D and 2D evolutions of PNSs subject to the same boundary conditions. We find that the impact of PNS convection has been underestimated in previous studies and could result in an increase of the neutrino luminosity by up to factors of two.
Formation of Anionic C, N-bearing Chains in the Interstellar Medium via Reactions of H− with HCxN for Odd-valued x from 1 to 7
Authors: Gianturco F. A. , Satta M. , Yurtsever E. , Wester R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We investigate the relative efficiencies of low-temperature chemical reactions in the interstellar medium with H− anion reacting in the gas phase with cyanopolyyne neutral molecules, leading to the formation of anionic

linear chains of different lengths and of H2. All the reactions turn out to be without barriers, highly exothermic reactions that provide a chemical route to the formation of anionic chains of the same length. Some of the anions have been observed in the dark molecular clouds and in the diffuse interstellar envelopes. Quantum calculations are carried out for the corresponding reactive potential energy surfaces for all the odd-numbered members of the series (x = 1, 3, 5, 7). We employ the minimum energy paths to obtain the relevant transition state configurations and use the latter within the variational transition state model to obtain the chemical rates. The present results indicate that at typical temperatures around 100 K, a set of significantly larger rate values exists for x = 3 and x = 5, while the rate values are smaller for CN− and

. At those temperatures, however, all the rates turn out to be larger than the estimates in the current literature for the radiative electron attachment (REA) rates, thus indicating the greater importance of the present chemical path with respect to REA processes at those temperatures. The physical reasons for our findings are discussed in detail and linked with the existing observational findings.
Quasar-mode Feedback in Nearby Type 1 Quasars: Ubiquitous Kiloparsec-scale Outflows and Correlations with Black Hole Properties
Authors: Rupke David S. N. , Gültekin Kayhan , Veilleux Sylvain 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The prevalence and properties of kiloparsec-scale outflows in nearby Type 1 quasars have been the subject of little previous attention. This work presents Gemini integral field spectroscopy of 10 Type 1 radio-quiet quasars at

. The excellent image quality, coupled with a new technique to remove the point-spread function using spectral information, allows the fitting of the underlying host on a spaxel-by-spaxel basis. Fits to stars, line-emitting gas, and interstellar absorption show that 100% of the sample hosts warm ionized and/or cool neutral outflows with spatially averaged velocities (

) of 200–1300

and peak velocities (maximum

) of 500–2600

. These minor-axis outflows are powered primarily by the central active galactic nucleus, reach scales of 3–12 kpc, and often fill the field of view. Including molecular data and Type 2 quasar measurements, nearby quasars show a wide range in mass outflow rates (

to

) and momentum boosts

]. After extending the mass scale to Seyferts, dM/dt and dE/dt correlate with black hole mass (

and

). Thus, the most massive black holes in the local universe power the most massive and energetic quasar-mode winds.
Les soft skills au cœur du portefeuille de compétences des managers de demain
Authors: Theurelle-Stein Delphine , Barth Isabelle 
Published: November 2017

Dans un monde complexe, mouvant et hyperconcurrentiel, les organisations accordent une importance accrue aux compétences relevant du savoir-être, autrement appelées soft skills . Pour autant, l’identification et l’accompagnement de ces compétences particulières ne vont pas de soi et incitent les organisations comme les établissements d’enseignement supérieur à proposer des solutions innovantes. Nous présentons dans cet article le processus de conception d’une plateforme numérique dédiée à l’évaluation et au développement des soft skills . La création de cet outil est le fruit d’une rechercheintervention menée au sein d’une école de Management française. Elle a nécessité la mobilisation d’un état de l’art centré sur les notions de compétence, de soft skills et d’apprentissage, ainsi que des études conduites respectivement auprès de vingt-trois DRH d’organisations françaises et internationales et auprès des parties prenantes de l’école. La plateforme ainsi créée repose sur trois principes : la réflexivité, l’apprentissage expérientiel et le collaboratif.
Le voyage du pardon
Authors: Salas Denis 
Published: November 2017

Longtemps l’exigence de justice a dominé la société rwandaise frappée par le génocide des Tutsis. Plus de vingt ans après, la question du pardon est incontournable. Insatisfaits par un pardon de réconciliation (imposé par les autorités) et un pardon miséricordieux (suggérés par des prêtres zélés), les plus courageux entreprennent ce qu’ils appellent le « voyage du pardon ». Ils veulent parler à leur bourreau à la recherche d’une vérité qui seule pourra balayer les cendres du deuil.
Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Nerve Regeneration After LASIK
Authors: Javaloy Jaime , Alió Jorge L. , Rodriguez Alejandra E. , Vega Alfredo , Muñoz Gonzalo 
Published: November 2017

PURPOSE:
To investigate the effect of topical eye application of platelet-rich plasma (E-PRP) on the recovery of corneal sensitivity after LASIK and the anatomical recovery of the sub-basal corneal plexus as studied by confocal microscopy.

METHODS:
This was a randomized, consecutive, controlled, prospective and masked study on 108 myopic eyes receiving LASIK. The main variables of the study were the increase in corneal sensitivity (Cochet-Bonet aesthesiometer; Luneau, Paris, France) and the aspect of the sub-basal nerve plexus (confocal microscope). Additionally, a biomicroscopic study of the epithelial status of the cornea and a subjective questionnaire were completed. Each eye of each patient was assigned to one of two groups: 54 eyes treated with balanced saline solution and 54 fellow eyes receiving PRP drops for 3 months.

RESULTS:

No significant differences were detected when the corneal sensitivity thresholds were compared at any postoperative visit in both groups (
P
> .05 for all comparisons). Almost identical sub-basal fiber densities were estimated for both groups before LASIK (
t
test,
P
= .66). However, the type and severity of staining detected during the slit-lamp examinations at the first and third month postoperatively were significantly less evident in the E-PRP treatment group (Wilcoxon test,
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
PRP drops have beneficial effects for promoting epithelial status after LASIK but have no positive effect on recovery of corneal sensitivity, probably due to the limited bioavailability of growth factors in corneal stroma when the substance is topically administered.
Archéologie d’un parasite du cheval
Authors: Dufour Benjamin , Bailly Matthieu Le 
Published: November 2017

Oxyuris equi, l’oxyure du cheval, est un vers parasite spécifique des équidés régulièrement mis en évidence lors des études paléoparasitologiques. Nous proposons ici une synthèse originale entre les mentions de ce parasite connues dans la bibliographie et les textes anciens, avec des données inédites issues de nos recherches en paléoparasitologie. Cette compilation des données montre que la plus ancienne observation de l’oxyure du cheval date du milieu du Ier millénaire avant notre ère en Asie centrale, et du second âge du Fer en Europe de l’Ouest. Les mouvements de populations au moment de la conquête romaine, les échanges commerciaux et l’avancée des troupes à travers l’Empire romain ont pu contribuer à diffuser le parasite en Europe de l’Ouest. Il apparaît également que l’oxyure du cheval n’est pas détecté sur le continent américain avant l’époque contemporaine. Le rôle des migrations européennes autour du xve siècle est discuté pour expliquer l’observation tardive d’Oxyuris equi sur le continent américain. L’absence d’observation de ce parasite avant l’âge du Fer en Eurasie peut également s’expliquer par son écologie, un échantillonnage non favorable, voire la relative rareté des restes de chevaux sur les sites archéologiques.
L’art d’infléchir les âmes
Authors: Taylor Anne-Christine 
Published: November 2017

Parmi les nombreux moyens d’exercer de l’influence sur autrui (humain ou non-humain), les Achuar-Jivaro de la Haute Amazonie disposent d’un répertoire de chants « magiques », nommés anent, censés agir sur les dispositions affectives du destinataire de l’invocation à l’égard de son énonciateur. La particularité de ces chants est qu’en principe, ils ne sont ni émis à haute voix ni entendus. L’article a pour objectif d’éclairer les singulières conditions d’énonciation et de réception de cette tradition orale/musicale tacite, ainsi que d’analyser le rôle qu’elle joue dans les techniques de fabrication de liens de parenté chez les Jivaro.
Eight-Color Multiplex Immunohistochemistry for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Immune Checkpoint Molecules within the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Gorris Mark A. J. , Halilovic Altuna , Rabold Katrin , van Duffelen Anne , Wickramasinghe Iresha N. , Verweij Dagmar , Wortel Inge M. N. , Textor Johannes C. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Figdor Carl G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Therapies targeting immune checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 have advanced the field of cancer immunotherapy. New mAbs targeting different immune checkpoint molecules, such as TIM3, CD27, and OX40, are being developed and tested in clinical trials. To make educated decisions and design new combination treatment strategies, it is vital to learn more about coexpression of both inhibitory and stimulatory immune checkpoints on individual cells within the tumor microenvironment. Recent advances in multiple immunolabeling and multispectral imaging have enabled simultaneous analysis of more than three markers within a single formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section, with accurate cell discrimination and spatial information. However, multiplex immunohistochemistry with a maximized number of markers presents multiple difficulties. These include the primary Ab concentrations and order within the multiplex panel, which are of major importance for the staining result. In this article, we report on the development, optimization, and application of an eight-color multiplex immunohistochemistry panel, consisting of PD-1, PD-L1, OX40, CD27, TIM3, CD3, a tumor marker, and DAPI. This multiplex panel allows for simultaneous quantification of five different immune checkpoint molecules on individual cells within different tumor types. This analysis revealed major differences in the immune checkpoint expression patterns across tumor types and individual tumor samples. This method could ultimately, by characterizing the tumor microenvironment of patients who have been treated with different immune checkpoint modulators, form the rationale for the design of immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy in the future.
Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury Risk After Concussion Recovery in High School Athletes
Authors: Lynall Robert C. , Mauntel Timothy C. , Pohlig Ryan T. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Dompier Thomas P. , Hall Eric E. , Buckley Thomas A. 
Published: November 2017

Context:
Although an association between concussion and musculoskeletal injury has been described in collegiate and professional athletes, no researchers have investigated an association in younger athletes.

Objective:
To determine if concussion in high school athletes increased the risk for lower extremity musculoskeletal injury after return to activity.

Design:
Observational cohort study.

Setting:
One hundred ninety-six high schools across 26 states.

Patients or Other Participants:
We used data from the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network surveillance system. Athletic trainers provided information about sport-related concussions and musculoskeletal injuries in athletes in 27 sports, along with missed activity time due to these injuries.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Three general estimating equations were modeled to predict the odds of sustaining (1) any lower extremity injury, (2) a time-loss lower extremity injury, or (3) a non–time-loss lower extremity injury after concussion. Predictors were the total number of previous injuries, number of previous concussions, number of previous lower extremity injuries, number of previous upper extremity injuries, and sport contact classification.

Results:
The initial dataset contained data from 18 216 athletes (females = 39%, n = 6887) and 46 217 injuries. Lower extremity injuries accounted for most injuries (56.3%), and concussions for 4.3% of total injuries. For every previous concussion, the odds of sustaining a subsequent time-loss lower extremity injury increased 34% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13, 1.60). The number of previous concussions had no effect on the odds of sustaining any subsequent lower extremity injury (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.89, 1.05) or a non–time-loss injury (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.92, 1.10).

Conclusions:
Among high school athletes, concussion increased the odds of sustaining subsequent time-loss lower extremity injuries but not non–time-loss injuries. By definition, time-loss injuries may be considered more severe than non–time-loss injuries. The exact mechanism underlying the increased risk of lower extremity injury after concussion remains elusive and should be further explored in future research.
A Family Study of Consanguinity in Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Barwani, India
Authors: Lakhan Ram , Bipeta Rajshekhar , Yerramilli Srinivasa S. R. R. , Nahar Vinayak K. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: Intellectual disability (ID) can be inherited in families through consanguineous marriage. The ID in an individual can be associated with the ID, epilepsy, and mental illness in their parents. Such connections can be seen more closely among consanguineous marriages in tribal and nontribal population in India. Objective: This study shows a few common patterns of the consanguineous relationship in the parents of children with ID in India. Materials and Methods: This is a case series research design. Extreme or deviant case sampling was applied. Data were collected in homes, camps, and clinical settings in the Barwani district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The patterns of consanguineous marriages and the relationship between children with ID and their relatives with ID, epilepsy, and mental illness were analyzed and reported with pedigree charts. Results: Multiple patterns of consanguineous marriages in tribal and nontribal populations were observed. ID was found to be associated in children with their relatives of the first, second, and third generations. Conclusion: ID may inherit in individuals from their relatives of the first, second, and third generations who have ID, epilepsy, or mental illness and married in the relationship. Appropriate knowledge, guidance, and counseling may be provided to potential couples before planning a consanguineous marriage.
Clinical Profile of Cognitive Decline in Patients with Parkinson's Disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Gupta Dipti , Sharma Anjani Kumar , Kumar Naveen ,   Sulena
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: There are very less data on the comparison between the cognitive profile in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Parkinson's-plus groups, especially in India. Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the cognitive profile across PD, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and multiple system atrophy (MSA) groups and compare them using Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), frontal assessment battery (FAB), and verbal fluency tests. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: MMSE, FAB, and verbal fluency tests were administered in a total of 73 patients constituting 22 patients in MSA, 26 patients in PD, and 25 patients in PSP group, respectively. Twenty-six participants both age- and gender-matched were enrolled in control group. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 20.0. Descriptive statistics were done to find out the mean and standard deviation of different variables. ANOVA was done for followed by post hoc Bonferroni test to assess the cognitive function in three groups. Results: ANOVA showed that there is a significant difference for MMSE scores (P = 0.038) being worse scores for PSP and maximum for MSA. A significant difference was found for FAB scores within three groups. There is a significant difference for FAB scores (P = 0.00003) being worse scores for PSP and highest scores obtained for PD. All the subtests of FAB test differed significantly except motor programming across MSA, PSP, and PD groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that global cognitive impairment and executive dysfunction are worst in PSP among the three groups. Patients with MSA had significant cognitive decline as opposed to previous experience. FAB scores and verbal fluency tests are good tests to assess cognitive impairment in these diseases. Subsets of FAB score have significant differences but cannot help differentiating conclusively between these three diseases.
A Simplified Overview of World Health Organization Classification Update of Central Nervous System Tumors 2016
Authors: Gupta Anshu , Dwivedi Tanima 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAfter 8 years, an update of central nervous system (CNS) tumors was published in 2016 after 2007. First time ever, molecular markers along with histology have been used in classification of any tumor. Major changes are seen in glioma and medulloblastoma groups. Few entities have been added such as diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant, RELA fusion-positive ependymoma, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered, and hybrid nerve sheath tumors. Few variants and patterns that no longer have diagnostic and/or biological relevance and have been deleted such as glioblastoma cerebri, protoplasmic and fibrillary astrocytoma, and cellular ependymoma. Other changes include deletion of term “primitive neuroectodermal tumor,” addition of criterion of brain invasion in atypical meningioma, separation of melanotic schwannoma from other schwannoma, and combination of solitary fibrous tumors and hemangiopericytoma as one entity. There is also expansion of entities in nerve sheath tumors and hematopoietic/lymphoid tumors of the CNS. In this review article, we tried to review CNS tumors 2016 classification update in a simplified manner; comparing the differences between 2016 and 2007 CNS tumors classifications with brief description of important molecular markers and finally utility as well as challenges of this classification.