bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Parenteral Antioxidant Supplementation During the Dry Period on Postpartum Glucose Tolerance in Dairy Cows
Authors: Abuelo A. , Alves‐Nores V. , Hernandez J. , Muiño R. , Benedito J.L. , Castillo C. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundExacerbated postparturient insulin resistance (IR) has been associated with several pathologic conditions in dairy cattle. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a causative role in IR in humans, and an association, but not direct relationship, between OS and IR recently has been reported in transition dairy cattle.HypothesisSupplementation with antioxidants shortly before calving improves glucose tolerance after parturition in dairy cattle.AnimalsTen late‐pregnant Holstein cows entering their 2nd to 5th lactation.MethodsRandomized placebo‐controlled trial: 15 ± 2 days before expected calving, the treatment group received an injection of DL‐alpha‐tocopheryl acetate at a dosage of 6 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 0.06 mg/kg BW of sodium selenite, and the control group was injected with isotonic saline. During the first week after calving, both groups underwent glucose tolerance testing (0.25 g glucose/kg BW). Commercial assays were used to quantify the concentrations of glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta‐hydroxybutyrate, and markers of redox status in blood. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsSupplemented cows showed a lower risk for OS, as reflected by a lower OS index (P = .036), different areas under the curve for the concentrations of glucose (P < .01), insulin (P = .043), and NEFA (P = .041), more rapid elimination rates (P = .080, <.01 and .047 respectively), and shorter half‐lives (P = .040, <.01 and .032) of these metabolites.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSupplementation with antioxidants before calving resulted in greater insulin sensitivity after calving, thereby suggesting the role of OS in the development of IR in cattle and the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation in minimizing the consequences of negative energy balance.
Evaluation of Clinical Metrology Instrument in Dogs with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Muller C. , Gaines B. , Gruen M. , Case B. , Arrufat K. , Innes J. , Lascelles B.D.X. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundIn veterinary clinical pain studies, there is a paucity of data on test‐retest variability in Clinical Metrology Instruments (CMIs), and it is unknown whether CMIs should be administered using independent (respondents not permitted to see previous answers) or dependent (respondents shown previous answers) interviewing.ObjectivesTo compare baseline variability in CMIs designed to assess pain in dogs with osteoarthritis, and compare CMI scores using independent (InD) and dependent interviewing (DI) for the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and the Client‐Specific Outcome Measures (CSOM).AnimalsFifty‐one client‐owned dogs with radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis and associated pain.MethodsClinical Metrology Instruments data were collected during 2 randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, proof of principle pilot studies with parallel treatment groups. Enrolled dogs received either placebo or antinerve growth factor antibody (NV‐01).ResultsAgreement between baseline CMI scores was good (CBPI Pain P = .29, CBPI Interference P = .32, CSOM P = .036, LOAD P = .67, HCPI P = .27), being best for the LOAD (ICC = 0.89). CMI responses collected during independent and dependent interviewing were not statistically different (CBPI Pain P = .33, CBPI Interference P = .28, CSOM P = .42) and showed good agreement. Additionally, dependent interviewing resulted in increased treatment effect sizes.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThere is little difference between independent and dependent interviewing, however, dependent interviewing resulted in increased treatment effect sizes. By using dependent interviewing, investigators could increase clinical trial power through minimal change to study design. Further research is warranted to investigate the use of dependent interviewing.
Clinical and pathological analyses of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy cases after kidney transplantation
Authors: Shimizu Tomokazu , Toma Hiroshi , Hayakawa Nozomi , Shibahara Rumi , Ishiyama Ryou , Hayashida Akihiro , Fujimori Daiji , Tsunoyama Kuniko , Ikezawa Eri , Kitajima Shoji , Iida Shoichi , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari , Honda Kazuho , Koike Junki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimWe carried out a clinicopathological analysis of cases presenting with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) after renal transplantation in an attempt to clarify the mechanisms underlying the development and prognostic significance of IF/TA.MethodsIF/TA was diagnosed in 35 renal allograft biopsy specimens (BS) obtained from 35 renal transplant recipients under follow up at the Department of Transplant Surgery, Kidney Center, Toda Chuo General Hospital, between January 2014 and March 2015.ResultsIF/TA was diagnosed at a median of 39.9 months after the transplantation. Among the 35 patients with IF/TA, 19 (54%) had a history of acute rejection. Among the 35 BS showing evidence of IF/TA, the IF/TA was grade I in 25, grade II in 9, and grade III in 1. Arteriosclerosis of the middle‐sized arteries was observed in 30 BS (86%). We then classified the 35 BS showing evidence of IF/TA according to their overall histopathological features, as follows; IF/TA alone (6 BS; 17%), IF/TA + medullary ray injury (12 BS; 34%), and IF/TA + rejection (12 BS; 34%). Loss of the renal allograft occurred during the observation period in one of the patients (3%). Of the remaining patients with functioning grafts, deterioration of the renal allograft function after the biopsies occurred in 15 patients (43%).ConclusionsThe results of our study suggests that rejection contributes to IF/TA in 30–40% of cases, medullary ray injury in 30–40% of cases, and nonspecific injury in 20% of cases. IF/TA contributes significantly to deterioration of renal allograft function.
De novo proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits of the IgG1κ subtype in a kidney allograft
Authors: Tsuji Takahiro , Miura Masayoshi , Yanai Mitsuru , Itami Hiroe , Ishii Yasushi , Akimoto Mayuko , Fukasawa Yuichiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractProliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits (PGNMID) has recently been described in cases with glomerular disease. Only 16 cases of recurrent or de novo PGNMID have been reported in the transplanted kidney. Here we report a case of de novo PGNMID in a renal allograft diagnosed in the early stage by protocol biopsy. A 41‐year‐old male with end‐stage kidney disease caused by focal glomerular sclerosis received a living‐related kidney transplant. The post‐transplantation course was stable, except for an early episode of acute T cell‐mediated rejection. Mesangial C1q deposition was found on the 3‐year protocol biopsy. On the 4‐year protocol biopsy, mild mesangioproliferative changes and deposition of IgG, C1q, C3, IgG1, and κ light chain were evident, confirming the diagnosis of PGNMID of the IgG1κ subtype. Furthermore, mild proteinuria was detected at that time. Because a subsequent haematological examination revealed high copy number Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA and free κ light chain in blood, the post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) was suspected. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was discontinued and rituximab was administered for the treatment of PTLD; subsequently, the improvement in proteinuria and serum creatinine was found 2 months after rituximab administration.
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G deposits complicated by immunoglobulin A nephropathy in the renal allograft
Authors: Sawada Anri , Kawanishi Kunio , Horita Shigeru , Koike Junki , Honda Kazuho , Ochi Ayami , Komoda Mizuki , Tanaka Yoichiro , Unagami Kohei , Okumi Masayoshi , Shimizu Tomokazu , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari , Nagashima Yoji , Nitta Kosaku 
Published: March 2016

AbstractImmunoglobulin (Ig) A nephropathy (IgAN) is a known autoimmune disease due to abnormal glycosylation of IgA1, and occasionally, IgG co‐deposition occurs. The prognosis of IgG co‐deposition with IgAN is adverse, as shown in the previous studies. However, in the clinical setting, monoclonality of IgG co‐deposition with IgAN has not been observed. We describe a case of proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits (PGNMID) combined with IgAN in a renal allograft. A‐21‐year‐old man developed end‐stage renal failure with unknown aetiology and underwent living‐donor kidney transplantation from his mother 2 years after being diagnosed. One year after kidney transplantation, proteinuria 2+ and haematuria 2+ were detected; allograft biopsy revealed mesangial IgA and C3 deposits, indicating a diagnosis of IgAN. After tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy, proteinuria and haematuria resolved. However, 4 years after transplantation, pedal oedema, proteinuria (6.89 g/day) and allograft dysfunction (serum creatinine (sCr) 203.3 µmol/L) appeared. A second allograft biopsy showed mesangial expansion and focal segmental proliferative endocapillary lesions with IgA1λ and monoclonal IgG1κ depositions. Electron microscopic analysis revealed a massive amount of deposits, located in the mesangial and subendothelial lesions. A diagnosis of PGNMID complicated with IgAN was made, and rituximab and plasmapheresis were added to steroid pulse therapy. With this treatment, proteinuria was alleviated to 0.5 g/day, and the allograft dysfunction recovered to sCr 132.6 µmol/L. This case suggests a necessity for investigation of PGNMID and IgA nephropathy in renal allografts to detect monoclonal Ig deposition disease.
Modulating Effects of Arabinogalactans from Plant Gum Exudates on Human Complement System
Authors: Bovo F. , Lenzi R. M. , Yamassaki F. T. , Messias‐Reason I. J. , Campestrini L. H. , Stevan F. R. , Zawadzki‐Baggio S. F. , Maurer J. B. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGum arabic and cashew nut tree gum exudate polysaccharide (CNTG) are plant polysaccharides composed of galactose and arabinose known as arabinogalactans (AGs). Although these fractions are used in food and pharmaceutical industry, cases of allergic reactions were described in clinical reports. As AGs were reported as modulators of the classical (CP) and alternative pathways (AP) of complement system (CS), in the present work, we investigate whether gum arabic and CNTG have an effect on both CS pathways. The complement fixation tests were performed with (CP‐30 and AP‐30) and without pre‐incubation (CP‐0 and AP‐0). For CP‐30, CNTG and gum arabic (833 μg/ml) showed a reduction of 28.0% (P = 0.000174) and 48.5% (P = 0.000143), respectively, on CP‐induced haemolysis. However, no effect was observed for CP‐0 in the CP‐induced haemolysis. For AP‐30, both CNTG and gum arabic (833 μg/ml) showed 87% reduction on the CP‐induced haemolysis, with IC50 values of 100 and 7 μg/ml, respectively. For AP‐0, a reduction of 11.3% for gum arabic and no effect for the CNTG on the CP‐induced haemolysis were observed. These results suggested that gum arabic and CNTG could be acting as activators of the CS. Thus, this effect on the CS, especially on the AP, which accounts for up to 80–90% of total CS activation, indicates that both fractions may be harmful because of their potential pro‐inflammatory action. Considering that CS activation induces inflammatory response, further studies confirming this immunomodulatory effect of these fractions are required to insure their safe use.
THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON DIFFERENT LASER TRANSITIONS OF NEODYMIUM ORTHOVANADATE CRYSTAL
Authors: Krishnan Ganesan , Bidin Noriah 
Published: March 2016

The temperature dependence of Nd:YVO4 laser crystal pumped by laser diode emitting at 808 nm is studied within the range of 5 oC to 60 oC. The spectroscopy properties of quasi three level at 914 nm (4F3/2 - 4I 9/2) and four level at 1064 nm (4F3/2 - 4I 11/2) are characterized. The lineshape function of the transition lines were broadened as the temperature increases. The phenomenon is attributed to change in linewidth, lineshift and intensity. The linewidths for both laser transition of 914 nm and 1064 nm increases with temperature with the rate of 0.105 cm-1/oC and 0.074 cm-1/oC respectively. The peak of 914nm and 1064 nm lineshapes shifted to a longer wavelength with the rate of 3.0 pm/oC and 4.2 pm/oC respectively which correspond to same amount of lineshift. The lineshape broadening with respect to the temperature is due to one-phonon emission and Raman phonon scattering processes. The intensities of 914 nm and 1064 nm transition lines are found to be decreased at the rate of 0.15 %/oC and 0.45 %/oC respectively due to non-radiative effects. Quasi three level laser transition is more temperature dependent because it terminal level is close to the ground state which suffers from higher phonon-ion interaction rather than four level laser system.
EFFECT OF MNO2 DOPING ON NONLINEAR COEFFICEINT OF ZN-BI-TI-O VARISTOR CERAMICS
Authors: Mohd Ghazali Mohd Sabri , Wan Abdullah Wan Rafizah , Zakaria Azmi , Rizwan Zahid , Matori Khamirul Amin , Mohd Zaid Mohd Hafiz 
Published: March 2016

The work aims the improvement of nonlinear coefficient ( ) can achieve by the addition of MnO2. The investigation regarding to the variation of MnO2 doping on ZnO-Bi2O3-TiO2 system is discussed. The crystalline phases were identified by an XRD (PANalytical (Philips) X’Pert Pro PW3040/60) with CuK radiation and the data were analyzed by using X’Pert High Score software. The density of varistor ceramics was measured by the geometrical method. The current-voltage characteristics of the varistor ceramics were evaluated. The average grain size ( ) was determined by lineal intercept method. The of ZnO doped with 0.5 mol% of Bi2O3, 0.5 mol% of TiO2 and x mol% of MnO2 was calculated from data analysis of current-voltage characteristics obtained through a Source Measure Unit (Keithley 236). The calculation of is done by using Origin Pro8.0 software which at low concentration at 1170 oC has the value 10.36 and 9.21 at 45 and 90 min sintering time, respectively, and then decreases to 5.63 and 5.27 at 0.8 mol% MnO2 concentrations. The addition of MnO2 dopant in Zn-Bi-Ti oxide ceramics sintered at 45 minutes cause the value of to increase up to 0.4 mol% and decrease after further addition.
OPTIMIZED DISTANCE FOR NON-DAMAGING IN LASER CLEANING PREPARATION
Authors: Hai Sin Chong , Abu Bakar Mohd Aizat , Abd. Munap Daing Farhana Hanum , Krishnan Ganesan , Bidin Noriah 
Published: March 2016

Laser Technology has wide application in industry as well as in scientific research. Semiconductor industry also interested to use laser for cleaning contaminant. However, until today, no laser has been deployed to take over the traditional method due to lack of intension on it. As a first step to embark into industrial solution, initiative has been carried out to do fundamental experiment. Optimization has been established to find out the best position for cleaning without associated with damage. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was focused to create breakdown in the air. This is an indicator for plasma formation and shock wave generation as the main mechanisms of damage. Pure aluminium was used as a substrate and mounted on précised a 3D linear translational stage. The defocused distance was varied in the range of 0-25 mm. The damage image was recorded and analysed via the aid of ImageJ software. Small and deep dense deformation was observed as the target located at the focal point. As the defocused distance move further away, the damage tend to be eliminated and its depth approaching the same level as original.
SENSITIVITY MEASUREMENT OF FIBRE BRAGG GRATING SENSOR
Authors: Daud Suzairi , Abd Aziz Muhammad Safwan , Chaudhary Kashif Tufail , Bahadoran Mahdi , Ali Jalil 
Published: March 2016

A practical pass-through type fibre Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor system have been designed, developed, simulated, and experimentally investigated. The performance of FBG was evaluated in harsh environments exposed under direct sunlight, rain, and wind. The sensor system designed directly focused with convex and hand lens. The temperature of FBG’s sensor head been measured. The broadband laser source was launched into the system using tunable laser source (TLS) and both transmission and reflection spectra of FBG sensor were measured by optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). Results shows that the Bragg wavelength shift, increased proportionally with the temperature changes. The sensitivity of FBG were recorded at 0.0100 and 0.0132 nm °C-1 for the systems where convex and hand lens applied to the FBG’s sensor head respectively, while the sensitivity of 0.0118 nm °C-1 measured for the system without any focusing element applied.
DIAGNOSTICS OF LASER INDUCED GRAPHITE PLASMA UNDER VARIOUS PRESSURES OF AIR, HELIUM AND ARGON
Authors: Haider Zuhaib , Chaudhary Kashif , Roslan Sufi , Ali Jalil , Munajat Yusof 
Published: March 2016

Laser induced plasma provides information about the elemental composition of sample surface and through spectroscopy vital information about plasma dynamics can be obtained. In this paper we present the diagnostics of laser induced plasma at various pressures of Air, Helium and Argon gases. Graphite sample was ablated with Q-smart 850 laser while spectra were captured Plasma parameters have been calculated by using well known methods based on Saha and Boltzmann equations. Plasma temperature was calculated relative intensity of ionic carbon lines CII 251.21 nm and CII 426.73 nm while the electron density was determined by using spectroscopic information of CI 247.85 nm and CII 426.73 nm emission lines in Saha equation. Plasma temperature and electron density were found to be dependent upon nature and pressure of the ambient atmosphere. Higher temperatures and electron densities were obtained in the presence of Air as ambient environment that is attributed to electrical and physical properties of the Air. Keeping into consideration the plasma expansion in various environments the selection of a suitable ambient pressure can be made on the basis of spectral diagnostics of plasma for a particular laser energy to obtain desirable plasma temperature and electron density suited for certain applications.
Computing cup products in integral cohomology of Hilbert schemes of points on K3 surfaces
Authors: Kapfer Simon 
Published: March 2016

We study cup products in the integral cohomology of the Hilbert scheme of $n$ points on a K3 surface and present a computer program for this purpose. In particular, we deal with the question of which classes can be represented by products of lower degrees.Supplementary materials are available with this article.
ON ROBUSTNESS OF THE BLACK–SCHOLES PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION MODEL
Authors: MASTINSEK MIKLAVZ 
Published: March 2016

When the discretely adjusted option hedges are constructed by the continuous-time Black–Scholes delta, then the hedging errors appear. The first objective of the paper is to consider a discrete-time adjusted delta, such that the hedging error can be reduced. Consequently, a partial differential equation for option valuation associated with the problem is derived and solved. The second objective is to compare the obtained results with the results given by the Black–Scholes formula. The obtained option values may be higher than those given by the Black–Scholes formula, however, unless the option is near expiry, the difference is relatively small.
Interdisciplinary Projects in the Academic Studio
Authors: Gestwicki Paul , McNely Brian 
Published: March 2016

We define and describe the academic studio model for interdisciplinary, undergraduate, project-oriented education. This model brings faculty, students, and community partners together to investigate an open-ended academic question, and their collaboration yields an original product that represents their inquiry. The academic studio integrates agile software development practice, project-oriented pedagogy, and sociocultural cognition theories. Scrum provides the framework in which self-organizing, cross-functional teams define their methodology, and Scrum practices facilitate assessment of student learning outcomes.This model emerged from design-based research across six studio instances, each of which investigated the relationship of fun, games, and learning through the development of educational video games. Formal and informal analysis of these instances gives rise to several themes, including the importance of a formalized process to encourage learning and productivity, the critical role of an expert faculty mentor, the need to combine academic and industrial practice to manage the inherent challenges of collaborative software development, and the unique characteristics of learning outcomes arising from this model. We conclude that the academic studio model is beneficial to student learning and faculty development, and we encourage the adoption, adaptation, and evaluation of the model.
Reply to “Comments on ‘MSE minus CAPE is the True Conserved Variable for an Adiabatically Lifted Parcel’”
Authors: Romps David M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A standard convention in moist thermodynamics, adopted by D. M. Romps and others, is to set the specific energy and entropy of dry air and liquid water to zero at the triple-point temperature and pressure. P. Marquet claims that this convention leads to physically incorrect results. To support this claim, Marquet presents numerical calculations of a lifted parcel. It is shown here that the claim is false and that the numerical calculations of Marquet are in error. In the context of a simple two-phase thermodynamic system, an analysis is presented here of the freedoms one has to choose additive constants in the definitions of energy and entropy. Many other misconceptions are corrected as well.
Turbulent Diffusivity under High Winds from Acoustic Measurements of Bubbles
Authors: Wang D. W. , Wijesekera H. W. , Jarosz E. , Teague W. J. , Pegau W. S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBreaking surface waves generate layers of bubble clouds as air parcels entrain into the upper ocean through the action of turbulent motions. The turbulent diffusivity in the bubble cloud layer is investigated by combining measurements of surface winds, waves, bubble acoustic backscatter, currents, and hydrography. These measurements were made at water depths of 60–90 m on the shelf of the Gulf of Alaska near Kayak Island during late December 2012, a period when the ocean was experiencing winds and significant wave heights up to 22 m s−1 and 9 m, respectively. Vertical profiles of acoustic backscatter decayed exponentially from the wave surface with e-folding lengths of about 0.6 to 6 m, while the bubble penetration depths were about 3 to 30 m. Both e-folding lengths and bubble depths were highly correlated with surface wind and wave conditions. The turbulent diffusion coefficients, inferred from e-folding length and bubble depth, varied from about 0.01 to 0.4 m2 s−1. Analysis suggests that the turbulent diffusivity in the bubble layer can be parameterized as a function of the cube of the wind friction velocity with a proportionality coefficient that depends weakly on wave age. Furthermore, in the bubble layer, on average, the shear production of the turbulent kinetic energy estimated by the diffusion coefficients is a similar order of magnitude as the dissipation rate predicted by the wall boundary layer theory.