bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International inter‐rater agreement in scoring acne severity utilizing cloud‐based image sharing of mobile phone photographs
Authors: Foolad Negar , Ornelas Jennifer N. , Clark Ashley K. , Ali Ifrah , Sharon Victoria R. , Al Mubarak Luluah , Lopez Andrés , Alikhan Ali , Al Dabagh Bishr , Firooz Alireza , Awasthi Smita , Liu Yu , Li Chin‐Shang , Sivamani Raja K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundCloud‐based image sharing technology allows facilitated sharing of images. Cloud‐based image sharing technology has not been well‐studied for acne assessments or treatment preferences, among international evaluators. We evaluated inter‐rater variability of acne grading and treatment recommendations among an international group of dermatologists that assessed photographs.MethodsThis is a prospective, single visit photographic study to assess inter‐rater agreement of acne photographs shared through an integrated mobile device, cloud‐based, and HIPAA‐compliant platform. Inter‐rater agreements for global acne assessment and acne lesion counts were evaluated by the Kendall's coefficient of concordance while correlations between treatment recommendations and acne severity were calculated by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.ResultsThere was good agreement for the evaluation of inflammatory lesions (KCC = 0.62, P < 0.0001), noninflammatory lesions (KCC = 0.62, P < 0.0001), and the global acne grading system score (KCC = 0.69, P < 0.0001). Topical retinoid, oral antibiotic, and isotretinoin treatment preferences correlated with photographic based acne severity.ConclusionsOur study supports the use of mobile phone based photography and cloud‐based image sharing for acne assessment. Cloud‐based sharing may facilitate acne care and research among international collaborators.
KLRG1 impairs regulatory T‐cell competitive fitness in the gut
Authors: Meinicke Holger , Bremser Anna , Brack Maria , Schrenk Klaudia , Pircher Hanspeter , Izcue Ana 
Published: April 2017

SummaryImmune homeostasis requires the tight, tissue‐specific control of the different CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell populations. The cadherin‐binding inhibitory receptor killer cell lectin‐like receptor G1 (KLRG1) is expressed by a subpopulation of Treg cells with GATA3+ effector phenotype. Although such Treg cells are important for the immune balance, especially in the gut, the role of KLRG1 in Treg cells has not been assessed. Using KLRG1 knockout mice, we found that KLRG1 deficiency does not affect Treg cell frequencies in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes or intestine, or frequencies of GATA3+ Treg cells in the gut. KLRG1‐deficient Treg cells were also protective in a T‐cell transfer model of colitis. Hence, KLRG1 is not essential for the development or activity of the general Treg cell population. We then checked the effects of KLRG1 on Treg cell activation. In line with KLRG1's reported inhibitory activity, in vitro KLRG1 cross‐linking dampened the Treg cell T‐cell receptor response. Consistently, lack of KLRG1 on Treg cells conferred on them a competitive advantage in the gut, but not in lymphoid organs. Hence, although absence of KLRG1 is not enough to increase intestinal Treg cells in KLRG1 knockout mice, KLRG1 ligation reduces T‐cell receptor signals and the competitive fitness of individual Treg cells in the intestine.
Caregivers of youth athletes: Developing a theory‐based health communication intervention for concussion education
Authors: Patel Sheetal J. , Trowbridge Cynthia A. 
Published: April 2017

Sports‐related concussions (SRCs) are a public health problem. However, caregivers of youth athletes (CYAs) do not receive targeted education even though they are primary decision makers for youth athletes (YAs) who incur injuries. The purpose of this study was to understand CYA's SRC perceptions via the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Message Source Credibility in order to guide development of CYA SRC health education messages. Key informants (n = 20, e.g., sports personnel, medical practitioners, and researchers) who interact with CYAs and YAs and 30 CYAs (3 males, 27 females) from five different states were interviewed. Questions aimed to identify CYA's understanding of SRC prevention, recognition, treatment, and disposition through the framework of the HBM and message source credibility. CYAs had high‐perceived severity of SRCs regardless of sport but mixed views of susceptibility. Despite receiving SRC education, CYAs consistently stated their own lack of understanding and low self‐efficacy. The sources and amount of information CYAs receive are barriers to education. Therefore, a health communication intervention from a trusted source that focuses on HBM constructs like perceived susceptibility, education barriers, and cues to action both pre‐ and post‐injury may fill the current educational gap.
Cold sintering and co‐firing of a multilayer device with thermoelectric materials
Authors: Funahashi Shuichi , Guo Hanzheng , Guo Jing , Baker Amanda L. , Wang Ke , Shiratsuyu Kosuke , Randall Clive A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCold‐sintered ZnO and Ca3Co4O9 polycrystalline materials were shown to have thermoelectric properties comparable to those of conventionally sintered ceramics. Extending these processing conditions into a cold sintering co‐fired ceramic (CSCC) technology, we integrated n‐type and p‐type thermoelectric oxides and a separating insulating layer to demonstrate functional multilayer thermoelectric generator devices. A co‐fired structure with an insulating 8 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) layer enabled multilayer thermoelectric generators (TEG) to be fabricated with a 5 n‐p junction device (20 layers). A transmission electron microscopy analysis of the interfaces between the various materials under the co‐firing cold sintering showed some interdiffusion of chemical constitutes in a 2.0 μm interface region between the respective ceramic phases. The co‐firing of multilayer ceramic and polymer structures were also shown to be possible using insulation layers of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thermoplastic layers. This demonstrated the feasibility of a single‐step process for new structures with both ceramics and polymers, opening up new directions for many new device designs.
Synthesis and physical properties of (Zr1−x,Tix)3AlC2MAX phases
Authors: Zapata‐Solvas Eugenio , Hadi Mohammad A. , Horlait Denis , Parfitt David C. , Thibaud Axel , Chroneos Alexander , Lee William E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMAX phase solid solutions physical and mechanical properties may be tuned via changes in composition, giving them a range of possible technical applications. In the present study, we extend the MAX phase family by synthesizing (Zr1−xTix)3AlC2 quaternary MAX phases and investigating their mechanical properties using density functional theory (DFT). The experimentally determined lattice parameters are in good agreement with the lattice parameters derived by DFT and deviate <0.5% from Vegard's law. Ti3AlC2 has a higher Vickers hardness as compared to Zr3AlC2, in agreement with the available experimental data.
Luminescent calcium phosphate bioceramics doped with europium derived from fish industry byproducts
Authors: Piccirillo Clara , Adamiano Alessio , Tobaldi David M. , Montalti Marco , Manzi Jeannette , Castro Paula M. Lima , Panseri Silvia , Montesi Monica , Sprio Simone , Tampieri Anna , Iafisco Michele 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe recovery of valuable compounds from byproducts is at present a priority topic for social, environmental, and economic reasons. In this work we report for the first time the preparation of luminescent calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics from waste codfish bones. Codfish bones were treated in aqueous Eu(NO3)3 solutions of different concentrations, followed by thermal treatment at either 700°C or 1100°C. The resulting materials consisted of hydroxyapatite (HAp), β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and a small amount of Eu2O3. Chemical and structural characterization showed that the Eu ions were successfully introduced into the bones and, hence, in the thermally treated CaP phases obtained from them, although mainly in the β‐TCP lattice. Photoluminescence investigation revealed that all the materials are luminescent, with samples treated at 1100°C having more intense luminescence than those prepared at 700°C. In vitro evaluation of cell‐materials interaction indicated that all the samples displayed good cytocompatibility toward osteoblast cells. This work demonstrates that a simple and effective process, employing Eu as a dopant, can convert fish industry byproducts into highly valuable luminescent CaP bioceramics, having potential applications in biology and medicine for bio‐imaging.
Intense upconversion luminescence and energy‐transfer mechanism of Ho3+/Yb3+ co‐doped SrLu2O4 phosphor
Authors: Liu Songbin , Ye Xinyu , Liu Shuifu , Chen Mengyao , Niu Hu , Hou Dejian , You Weixiong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA series of novel SrLu2O4: x Ho3+, y Yb3+ phosphors (x=0.005‐0.05, y=0.1‐0.6) were synthesized by a simple solid‐state reaction method. The phase purity, morphology, and upconversion luminescence were measured by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The doping concentrations and sintering temperature were optimized to be x=0.01, y=0.5 and T=1400°C to obtain the strongest emission intensity. Under 980 nm laser diode excitation, the SrLu2O4:Ho3+, Yb3+ phosphors exhibit intense green upconversion (UC) emission band centered at 541 nm (5F4,5S2→5I8) and weak red emission peaked at 673 nm (5F5→5I8). Under different pump‐power excitation, the UC luminescence can be finely tuned from yellow‐green to green light region to some extent. Based on energy level diagram, the energy‐transfer mechanisms are investigated in detail according to the analysis of pump‐power dependence and luminescence decay curves. The energy‐transfer mechanisms for green and red UC emissions can be determined to be two‐photon absorption processes. Compared with commercial NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ and common Y2O3:Ho3+, Yb3+ phosphors, the SrLu1.49Ho0.01Yb0.5O4 sample shows good color monochromaticity and relatively high UC luminescence intensity. The results imply that SrLu2O4:Ho3+, Yb3+ can be a good candidate for green UC material in display fields.
Tuning of conductive type and magnetic properties of Ca3Co2O6 ceramics through Pb‐doping
Authors: Song Jiyue , Zhao Bangchuan , Huang Yanan , Qin Yanfeng , Song Wenhai , Sun Yuping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe effect of Pb doping on structural, electrical, magnetic, and thermal transport properties of Ca3−xPbxCo2O6 (x=0‐0.3) ceramics has been investigated systemically. It is found that the substituted Pb‐ions have a mixed valence state of +2 and +4, and a small amount of Co3+ ions will transfer into Co2+ due to the substitution of Pb4+ for Ca2+. The resistivity decreases monotonically with increasing Pb content, which is related to the variation in carrier concentration and the enhanced grain connectivity. The signs of both Hall coefficient and thermopower changed from positive to negative by a proper Pb doping, indicating the conductive type of Ca3Co2O6 can be effectively tuned from p to n through the doping. The low‐temperature magnetization, the magnetic exchange coupling constant J and Weiss temperature θ decrease monotonically with the increase in Pb‐doping content, indicating the strength of the ferromagnetic interaction between adjacent high spin Co3+ ions has been weakened due to the reduced magnetic correlation length in these Pb‐doped samples.
NaNbO3‐BaTiO3‐NaSbO3 lead and potassium‐free ceramics with thermally stable small‐signal piezoelectric properties
Authors: Qi He , Zhang Haibo , Zuo Ruzhong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA new lead‐potassium‐free ceramic of (0.9‐x)NaNbO3‐0.1BaTiO3‐xNaSbO3 (NN‐BT‐xNS) was successfully prepared via a solid‐state reaction method. The microstructure, phase structure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were investigated as a function of NS content. The substitution of NS for NN was found to dramatically change the grain morphology from cube‐like grains typical for alkaline niobate‐based ceramics to conventional sphere‐like grains especially for Pb‐based perovskite ceramics. A normal to relaxor ferroelectric phase transformation was accompanied by a tetragonal (T) to rhombohedral (R) phase transition. A composition‐temperature phase diagram demonstrated a vertical morphotropic phase boundary between T and R phases in the composition range of x=0.03‐0.04, where optimum electrical properties of d33=252 pC/N, kp=36%, Qm=168, =2063, and Tc=109°C were obtained in the x=0.035 ceramic sintered at 1260°C. Particularly, excellent temperature insensitivity of small‐signal piezoelectric properties suggested large application potentials in various actuators and sensors in comparison with other typical lead‐free materials.
Dispersal limitation determines large‐scale dark diversity in Central and Northern Europe
Authors: Riibak Kersti , Ronk Argo , Kattge Jens , Pärtel Meelis 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimPrevious studies indicate that many plant species present in a surrounding region are absent from potentially suitable sites (i.e. they constitute dark diversity). However, quantitative analyses are lacking where and why dispersal limitation occurs within species occurrence range at the continental scale. We test if species characteristics related to dispersal limitation, that is, low seed production and short potential dispersal distance, affect the formation of dark diversity at large spatial scales. In addition, we explore how the levels of dispersal limitation are affected by climate, landscape heterogeneity and anthropogenic activity.LocationSeven study areas in Central and Northern Europe – Iceland, Finland, Estonia, the British Isles, the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland.MethodsWe used data on vascular plant species occurrences in ca. 10 × 10 km grid cells from each study area. To estimate dark diversity for each grid cell, we applied geographical, biogeographical and environmental filters. Seed production was estimated directly (number of seeds per ramet), and indirectly from seed mass. We used several plant traits in combination (e.g. dispersal syndrome and seed characteristics) to estimate potential dispersal distance of seeds.ResultsSpecies contributing to dark diversity produced generally fewer seeds and had shorter potential dispersal distances than observed species. Dispersal limitation tended to decrease with increasing environmental stress, human population density and agricultural land use.Main conclusionsMany species are absent from potentially suitable sites in Central and Northern Europe because of dispersal limitation, induced by low seed production and short potential dispersal distances. However, strong abiotic stress, biotic resistance and human activities have reduced the importance of dispersal limitation. This knowledge can be considered in the predictions of how changes in climate and land use affect biodiversity in the future.
Biogeographical transitions in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico, shown by chorological and evolutionary biogeographical affinities of passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
Authors: Ferro Ignacio , Navarro‐Sigüenza Adolfo G. , Morrone Juan J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo locate areas of biogeographical transitions within the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO), Mexican transition zone.LocationEastern Mexico (18° to 27° N – 90° to 96° W) and the Americas.MethodsWe deconstructed passerine fauna into biogeographical affinities to map their integration in the studied area. We defined and quantified two features of biogeographical affinity based on raw distributional range concordance (chorological affinity), and on ancestral state reconstruction of published phylogenies (evolutionary biogeographical affinity). Then, we divided the SMO into 500 m elevation intervals and 1.2° latitudinal belts. Point records of resident passerine birds were used to compute species turnover and to map the dominance and heterogeneity of biogeographical affinities along the gradient.ResultsConsidering the gradient of biogeographical affinities, we identified the sharpest transition at elevations of c. 1500 m from the southern evergreen cloud forests to the canyons of the middle Pánuco basin (c. 22° of latitude) and then turning eastwards, following the Pánuco river through the semi‐deciduous lowland forest to the river mouth in the Gulf of Mexico.Main conclusionsOur analysis allowed us to map a gradual pattern of variation based on a quantitative definition of biogeographical affinities. This approach is particularly useful for the analysis of rather small areas where a regional biota cannot be partitioned concomitantly with regionalization procedures. Our findings support previous suggestion of a middle elevation zone of mixture between Neotropical and Nearctic biotas, as shown by their chorotypes and cenocrons, and highlight the Pánuco river as a biogeographical boundary dividing northern and southern assemblages based on bird distributions in north‐eastern Mexico.
Effect of untreated zirconium oxide nanofiller on the flexural strength and surface hardness of autopolymerized interim fixed restoration resins
Authors: Alhavaz Abdolhamid , Rezaei Dastjerdi Maryam , Ghasemi Arman , Ghasemi Azade , Alizadeh Sahraei Abolfazl 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveAutopolymerized poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin is commonly used for the construction of interim restorations; however, it has less than optimal mechanical properties. In this article, we evaluated the reinforcing effect of adding untreated zirconia nanoparticles on the flexural strength and surface hardness of this resin.MethodsA total of 80 specimens were fabricated. Forty each were used for the flexural strength test and for the surface hardness test. The specimens were categorized into four groups of 10 specimens each as follows: pure PMMA, PMMA with 1%, PMMA with 2.5%, and PMMA with 5% weight of untreated zirconia nanofillers. The flexural strength of the specimens was evaluated by the three‐point bending test, and the surface hardness was assessed by micro Vickers hardness test. The data obtained from these tests were statistically analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests. In addition, the fracture surface characteristics were assessed using scanning electron microscopy.ResultsFlexural strength testing showed a significant increase in the group with 2.5% zirconia nanofillers, but not in the groups with 1% and 5% nanofillers. Surface hardness was also significantly increased in the groups with 2.5% and 5% nanofillers, but not in the 1% group. The SEM images showed a highly brittle fracture in the pure PMMA group and noticeably less brittle fracture in the group with PMMA with 2.5% weight of zirconia nanofillers. Several cracks and void were also observed in the group with 5% weight of nanofillers.ConclusionReinforcement of the autopolymerized acrylic resin with 2.5% weight of untreated zirconia nanofillers significantly increased its flexural strength and surface hardness.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe interim restorations play an important role in protection of hard and soft oral tissue and providing the critical function and esthetics before the final restoration replacing. Temporary restorations must have sufficient flexural strength to resist deformation during mastication force. Moreover, sufficient surface hardness is also necessary to resist abrasion. The color stability of materials is considered as an important clinical criterion, specifically in esthetics zone. Several materials have been applied to improve ‏the flexural strength and surface hardness for representing clinical success. Zirconia nanoparticles show desirable features, such as high hardness, biocompatibility, and favorable color because of its white color. ‏It seems that the addition of the nano zirconia to acrylic resins can be the appropriate method for improving interim restoration.
Good Cop, Better Cop: Evaluation of a Geriatrics Training Program for Police
Authors: Brown Rebecca T. , Ahalt Cyrus , Rivera Josette , Stijacic Cenzer Irena , Wilhelm Angela , Williams Brie A. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo develop, implement, and evaluate a training program in aging‐related health for police officers.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingCrisis intervention training program for police officers in San Francisco.ParticipantsPolice officers attending one of five 2‐hour trainings (N = 143).InterventionA lecture on aging‐related health conditions pertinent to police work followed by three experiential trainings on how it feels to be “old.”MeasurementsParticipants evaluated the quality of the training and the likelihood that they would apply new knowledge to their work and rated their knowledge using a retrospective pre–post evaluation. In open‐ended responses, participants reported work‐related changes they anticipated making in response to the training.ResultsAll 143 participants completed the evaluation. Eighty‐four percent reported interacting with older adults at least monthly; 45% reported daily interactions. Participants rated the training quality at 4.6/5 and the likelihood they would apply new knowledge to their work at 4.4/5. Retrospective pre–post knowledge scores increased for all domains, including how to identify aging‐related health conditions that can affect safety during police interactions (2.9/5 to 4.2/5; P < .001). In open‐ended responses, participants anticipated having more empathy for and awareness of aging‐related conditions and greater ability to provide older adults with appropriate community referrals.ConclusionA brief training in aging‐related health significantly increased police officers’ self‐reported knowledge and skills. Clinicians have an important opportunity to help enhance safe and effective community policing for older adults.
An ultrastructural study of chondroptosis: programmed cell death in degenerative intervertebral discs in vivo
Authors: Jiang Li‐Bo , Liu Hai‐Xiao , Zhou Yu‐Long , Sheng Sun‐Ren , Xu Hua‐Zi , Xue En‐Xing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractApoptosis has been regarded to mediate intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD); however, the basic question of how the apoptotic bodies are cleared in the avascular intervertebral disc without phagocytes, which are essential to apoptosis, remains to be elucidated. Our goals were to investigate the ultrastructure of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells undergoing chondroptosis, a variant of apoptotic cell death, in a rabbit annular needle‐puncture model of IDD. Experimental IDD was induced by puncturing discs with a 16‐G needle in New Zealand rabbits. At 4 and 12 weeks after puncture, progressive degeneration was demonstrated by X‐ray, magnetic resonance imaging and histological staining. TUNEL staining suggested a significant increase in the apoptosis index in the degenerated NP. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells with the classic ultrastructure morphology was much less than that with chondroptotic ultrastructure morphology under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chondroptotic cells from the early to late stage were visualized under TEM. In addition, the percentage of chondroptotic cells was significantly enhanced in the degenerated NP. Furthermore, ‘paralyzed’ cells were found in the herniated tissue. Western blotting revealed an increase in caspase3 expression in the degenerated NP. The expression of the Golgi protein (58K) was increased by the fourth week after puncture but decreased later. These findings indicate that chondroptosis is a major type of programmed cell death in the degenerated rabbit NP that may be related to the progressive development of IDD.