bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CATHODIC ELECTRODEPOSITION OF Cu 4 SnS 4 THIN FILMS FROM ACIDIC SOLUTION
Authors: Kassim Anuar , Min Ho Soon , Kuang Zulkefly , Tee Tan Wee , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Sharif Atan , Haron Md. Jelas , Nagalingam Saravanan 
Published: December 2017

In this work the synthesis of copper tin sulfide thin films by electrodeposition is carried out. The films were deposited onto ITO glass substrates from an aqueous solution bath containing copper sulfate, tin chloride and sodium thiosulfate at pH 1 and room temperature. Prior to the deposition, a cyclic voltammetry experiment was carried out between two potential limits (+1000 to -1000 mV versus Ag/AgCl) to probe the effect of the applied potential and to determine the most likely suitable electrodeposition potential for the deposition of copper tin sulfide. The deposition was attempted at various cathodic potentials such as -400, -600, -800, -1000 mV to determine the optimum deposition potential. The films have been characterized by techniques such as optical absorption, Xray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The XRD patterns show that the films are polycrystalline with orthorhombic structure. The AFM studies reveal the electrodeposited films were smooth, compact and uniform at deposition potentials of –600 mV versus Ag/AgCl. The direct optical band-gap energy was obtained to be 1.58 eV.
Effects of pressure on thermal contact resistance for rough mating surfaces
Authors: Abdullah, M. Z. , Yau, Y. C. , Alauddin, and Z. A. Zainal , Seetharamu K. N. 
Published: December 2017

Thermal contact resistance has been studied experimentally to investigate the effect of pressure between two aluminium or two brass rough surfaces at three different heat flux levels. Three different rough surfaces are considered in the range of 2.63 to 40.69μm. It is demonstrated that the thermal contact resistance reduces significantly with pressure for both materials, the harder material gives higher thermal contact resistance as expected
A SENSITIVE ASSAY FOR NON-SPECIFIC N-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN RAT TISSUES BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION
Authors: Shimbhu Dawan , Kojima Kohichi , Nagatsu Toshiharu 
Published: December 2017

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and non-specific N -methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.28) catalyze the N-methylation of aromatic amines. PNMT is specific for phenylethanolamines such as noradrenaline (NA). and catalyzes the step in catecholamine biosynthesis, forming adrenaline (AD) from NA. PNMT activity is high in adrenal gland, whereas non-specific N-methyltransferase is distributed in various tissues such as the lungs. Borchardt et al. first reported a method to detect PNMT activity by high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection (HPLC-EICD), which could demonstrate the activity only in the adrenal medulla and hypothalamus. Recently, Troeewicz et al. reported a highly sensitive assay method for PNMT using HPLC-EICD by which the activity in all regions of rat brains could be measured. The activity of non-specific N-methyltransferase in brain regions and peripheral tissues of the rat could be detected by a radioassay. However, there has been no repot on an assay method for non-specific N-methyltransferase using HPLC-EICD. In this paper, we describe a highly sensitive assay procedure for the activity of non-specific N-methyltransferase by high-performance reversed-phase ion pair chromatography with electrochemical detection. By this method, the non-specific N-methyltransferase activity could be determined in various rat brain regions and peripheral tissues.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF PLASTICS BALL GRID ARRAY (PBGA) USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Leong C.H. , Azid I.A. , Seetharamu K.N. 
Published: December 2017

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on feed-forward backpropagation model is used to predict junction temperature in PBG A package. The limited results obtained from FEM (using IDEAS software) are used to train the neural network. The effect of source power, substrate and mold compound thermal conductivity, die size, substrate thickness and air velocity on junction temperature and thermal resistance has been investigated using ANN. The predicted junction temperature using ANN agrees closely with the prediction from FEM. ANN method takes a small fraction of the time and effort compared to that required by HEM for prediction.
STUDY OF PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE COATINGS BY SOL-GEL TECHNIQUE
Authors: Ramanan Sutapa Roy , Venkatesh Ramanan 
Published: December 2017

Hydroxyapåtite (HAP) coatings were prepared on glass substrates by sol-gel dip coating method, using a isopropanol solution of calcium nitrate and 2-butanol solution of phosphorous pentoxide as starting precursors and mixing them to get a coating solution with Ca/P ratio of 1.67. The prepared coatings were dried at 150°C and subsequently fired at 500°C to obtain dense coatings. Multilayer coatings were prepared to increase the final thickness. For some samples, SiO2, TiO2, Al2O, and Zr02 coatings modified the interface between the glass and HAP. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and DTA/TG were used for characterization. All the coatings obtained at 500°C in air had only crystalline hydroxyapatite phase, characteristics FTIR signature peaks of HAP and dense and smooth morphology with the apparent presence of micropores. The cross-sectional microstructure of the coatings showed presence of smooth interface.
Application of Deswirl Device in Cyclone Dust Separator
Authors: Abdullah M. Z. , Husain Z. , Fraser S. M. 
Published: December 2017

The experimental investigations of the vortex flow inside the vortex finder (outlet duct) of the cyclone dust separator have been carried out. Preliminary study from the visualization experiment has been performed and discovered vortex instability inside the conventional vortex finder. In order to minimize the instabilities, the streamlined entry shape was inserted at the vortex finder entrance and the results showed remarkable improvement of the vortex flow instability inside the vortex finder. The velocity measurements of two main components of velocity were performed using a laser-Doppler anemometry at the cyclone vortex finder outlet. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow rate of 0.0246m3/s with the vortex finder diameter of 64mm and with several types of entrance configuration in order to improve the cyclone performance and to reduce the losses. The use of deswirl devices inside the vortex finder significantly reduced pressure drop and energy losses.
Design and Development of A Three-Point Auto Hitch Dynamometer for An Agricultural Tractor
Authors: Kheiralla A. F. , Yahya A. , Zohadie M. , Ishak W. 
Published: December 2017

This paper describes the design, development and calibration of a three-point auto hitch dynamometer for measuring the horizontal and vertical forces that existed at the three-point hitch of an agricultural tractor. The design concept of the dynamometer was based on an instrumented inverted U frame assembly that was mounted between tractor links and implement. The design incorporates for both lower point hitch spread and mast height adjustments, and quick hitch capability in accordance with category 1 and II three-point hitch system. The force sensing elements were comprised of three steel extended octagonal ring transducers that were located between the inverted U frame and hook brackets. Electrical resistance strain gauges were mounted on the extended octagonal ring transducer at strain angle nodes to independently monitor strains that were proportional to the horizontal and vertical forces at the ring center. Each transducer was designed for maximum horizontal and vertical forces of 25 kN and 10 kN at measurement mean sensitivities of 25.19 µStrain/kN and 25.60 µStrain/kN, respectively. However, the complete dynamometer has been designed to measure the maximum resultant horizontal and vertical forces of 50 kN and 20 kN, respectively. Field demonstration tests on the dynamometer and data acquisition system showed that they were able to function effectively as intended. The data acquisition system was able to successfully scan and record the dynamometer signals as programmed. This dynamometer was part of the complete instrumentation system to be developed onboard a Massey Ferguson 3060 tractor for the generation of a comprehensive database on the power and energy requirements of the tractor and its working implement in the field.
Design of A Hvdc-Based Controller for Load Change Compensation and Stabilization of Inter-Area Oscillations
Authors: Ngamroo I. 
Published: December 2017

As an interconnected power system via a High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) link is subjected to a rapid load change with the frequency of inter-area oscillation mode, system frequency and tie line power may be severely disturbed and oscillate. To compensate for the rapid load change and stabilize both frequency and tie line power oscillations due to the inter-area mode, the dynamic power flow control via a HVDC link can be exploited. To implement this concept, a new design method of HVDC-based controller is proposed. To grasp a physical characteristic of the inter-area oscillation frequency, the technique of overlapping decompositions is employed to achieve the subsystem embedded with the inter-area mode. Consequently, the second-order lead/lag controller of HVDC link can be designed in this subsystem. To acquire the desired overshoot of frequency oscillations, the parameters of the controller are automatically optimized by the Tabu Search (TS) algorithm. The effectiveness of the designed controller is investigated in a three-area longitudinal interconnected power system which represents the interconnection between the south of Thailand and Malaysia power systems.
Efficient Reactive Power Compensation Algorithm for Distribution Network
Authors: Jerome J. 
Published: December 2017

The use of automation and energy efficient equipment with electronic control would greatly improve industrial production. These new devices are more sensitive to supply voltage deviation and the characteristics of the power system that was previously ignored are now very important. Hence the benefits of distribution automation have been widely acknowledged in recent years. This paper proposes an efficient load flow solution technique extended to find optimum location for reactive power compensation and network reconfiguration for planning and day-to-day operation of distribution networks. This is required as a part of the distribution automation system (DAS) for taking various control and operation decisions. The method exploits the radial nature of the network and uses forward and backward propagation technique to calculate branch currents and node voltages. The proposed method has been tested to analyze several practical distribution networks of various voltage levels and also having high R/X ratio.
Empirical Models for Power and Energy Requirements II : A Powered Implement Operation in Serdang Sandy Clay Loam, Malaysia
Authors: Kheiralla A. F. , Yahya A. , Zohadie M. , Ishak W. 
Published: December 2017

Power and energy requirements were measured with an instrumented tractor for rotary tilling in Serdang sandy clay loam soil. The effects of travel speed and rotor speed upon the measured data were investigated. Power model from orthogonal regression analysis was formulated based on linear and quadratic functions of travel speed and bite length. Fuel consumption model from regression analysis was formulated based on linear tractor PTO power as well as linear equivalent tractor PTO power. Fuel consumption rates predicted by ASAE D497.3 were found to be 25% to 28% overestimates of the values predicted by the model developed. However, fuel consumption rates reported by OECD Tractor Test were found to be 1% to 9% lower than the fuel consumption rates predicted by the model developed. A comparison of power and energy requirements for both powered and draught implements showed that the disk harrow was the most energy efficient implement in terms of fuel consumption and specific energy followed by the rotary tiller, disk plough and mouldboard. Finally, average PTO power, fuel consumption, wheel slip, wheel power and specific energy for a powered implement are presented.
The Use of Artificial Neural Network to Optimize The pH Response Range of Chlorophenol Red
Authors: Wong F. , Ahmad M. , Heng L. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) had been used in this study to extend the response range of the pH indicator. The input from absorbance values of the absorbance spectra of chlorophenol red at different pH was used to train the ANN. During the training process, the coefficient values of the ANN will be adjusted to obtain the desire output. In this research, back propagation algorithm had been used for optimizing the response range of the pH indicator chlorophenol red in solution. The result indicates that the use of ANN enable the pH response range to be extended from 4.8-6.8 to 1.0-10.0.
Extraction of Residue Oil from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Organic Solvent
Authors: Ahmad A. L. , Sithamparam K. , Zulkali M. M. D. , Ismail S. 
Published: December 2017

Palm oil industry in Malaysia has grown to become an important agriculture based industry and it is accounted for about 52% of the world palm oil output, which generated RM 13 billions export earning for the country. With increased cultivation and production of palm oil in the region, the disposal of the processed waste will become a major problem if it is not being treated properly. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is extremely polluting with its high organic content. Oil and grease content in POME is 4,000 mg/L which is relatively high compared to the allowable limit by the Malaysian Department of Environment of only 50 mg/L. This paper describes the research results in removing oil and grease content for the POME using solvent extraction method. Six different organic solvents; n-hexane, n-heptane, benzene, petroleum ether, pentane and petroleum benzene were used. For every solvent the effect of solvent ratio, mixing time, mixing speed and pH were analyzed to determine the optimum condition for maximum extraction of oil. Results showed that n-hexane give the best performance in extracting oil from POME with solvent to POME ratio of 6:10. It was estimated about 0.54 grams of oil and grease per liter of POME can be extracted at optimum conditions; mixing speed of 200 rpm, 20 minutes mixing time and at pH 9.
CHEMICAL DESULPHURISATION OF SUB-BITUMINOUS HIGH SULPHUR INDONESIAN COAL VIA PEROXYACETIC ACID TREATMENT
Authors: Ishak M.A.M. , Ismail K. , Nawi M.A.M. , Ismail A.F. 
Published: December 2017

The chemical desulphurisation from an Indonesian high sulphur sub-bituminous Banjarmasin Haji Ali-Aliansar coal was investigated using the peroxyacetic acid (PAA), a mild oxidising agent. A mixture of hydrogen peroxide:acetic acid (i.e. 30:70 by volume ratio with 6% of hydrogen peroxide concentration) at 50°C of reaction temperature is capable of reducing the total sulphur content in the coal from 3.46% to 1.29% by weight, corresponding to the removal of up to ca. 72% of the total sulphur; both the inorganic (mainly pyrite) and organic sulphur forms, and approximately 10 to 44% of ashes in the coal. The simultaneous removal of both inorganic and organic sulphur forms was measured with respect to reagent volume mixed ratio, reaction temperature and hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The success of desulphurisation was measured by the reduction of the total sulphur content of the desulphurised product, its S/ C atomic ratios and ash yields of the treated coal. In general, all inorganic and some of the organic sulphur could be removed from the coal using mild conditions without severely affecting the coal microstructure as observed via the Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) which supplied the coal sample.
تأثير التسميد الورقي بعنصري البوتاسيوم والكالسيوم في نمو وحاصل ومكونات الماش / EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION WITH POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM ELEMENTSIN SOME GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERS OF GREEN GRAM (Vigna radita L.)
Authors: هاشم زيد جعفر 
Published: December 2017

نفذت التجربة في حقل خاص بمنطقة مشروع المسيب التابعة لمحافظة بابل خلال الموسم الصيفي 2016 بهدف دراسة تأثير التغذية الورقية بأربعة تراكيز من البوتاسيوم k (0، 100، 200، 300) ملغم.لتر-1 ماء وأربعة تراكيز من الكالسيوم Ca(0، 50، 100، 200) ملغم.لتر-1 وتداخلهما في نمو وحاصل الماش. صممت التجربة على وفق أسلوب التجارب العاملية وتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (RCBD) وبثلاثة مكررات. بينت النتائج تفوق المستوى 200 ملغم K.لتر-1باعطاء أعلى متوسط لصفة ارتفاع النبات، الوزن الجاف للنبات، عدد القرنات.نبات-1،عدد البذور.قرنة-1 وحاصل البذور غم.نبات وبلغت (58.33 سم، 112.23 غم، 36.75 قرنة.نبات-1، 6.23 بذرة . قرنة-1 و775.0 غم. نبات-1) على التوالي في حين تفوق التركيز 100 ملغمK .لتر-1 في صفة وزن 1000 بذرة واعطى 50.11 غم. كذلك لم يلاحظ وجود فرق معنوي عند رش الكالسيوم في صفة حاصل البذور النهائي في حين اعطى التداخل للمعاملة K2 مع Ca2 اعلى معدل لحاصل البذور بلغ 803.0 غم.نبات-1.
The Lyα Reference Sample. VIII. Characterizing Lyα Scattering in Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Bridge Joanna S. , Hayes Matthew , Melinder Jens , Östlin Göran , Gronwall Caryl , Ciardullo Robin , Atek Hakim , Cannon John M. , Gronke Max , Guaita Lucia , Hagen Alex , Herenz Edmund Christian , Kunth Daniel , Laursen Peter , Mas-Hesse J. Miguel , Pardy Stephen A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We examine the dust geometry and Lyα scattering in the galaxies of the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample (LARS), a set of 14 nearby (

) Lyα-emitting and starbursting systems with Hubble Space Telescope Lyα, Hα, and Hβ imaging. We find that the global dust properties determined by line ratios are consistent with other studies, with some of the LARS galaxies exhibiting clumpy dust media, while others of them show significantly lower Lyα emission compared to their Balmer decrement. With the LARS imaging, we present Lyα/Hα and Hα/Hβ maps with spatial resolutions as low as ∼40 pc, and use these data to show that in most galaxies, the dust geometry is best modeled by three distinct regions: a central core where dust acts as a screen, an annulus where dust is distributed in clumps, and an outer envelope where Lyα photons only scatter. We show that the dust that affects the escape of Lyα is more restricted to the galaxies’ central regions, while the larger Lyα halos are generated by scattering at large radii. We present an empirical modeling technique to quantify how much Lyα scatters in the halo, and find that this “characteristic” scattering distance correlates with the measured size of the Lyα halo. We note that there exists a slight anti-correlation between the scattering distance of Lyα and global dust properties.
Charge Exchange X-Ray Emission due to Highly Charged Ion Collisions with H, He, and H2: Line Ratios for Heliospheric and Interstellar Applications
Authors: Cumbee R. S. , Mullen P. D. , Lyons D. , Shelton R. L. , Fogle M. , Schultz D. R. , Stancil P. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fundamental collisional process of charge exchange (CX) has been established as a primary source of X-ray emission from the heliosphere, planetary exospheres, and supernova remnants. In this process, X-ray emission results from the capture of an electron by a highly charged ion from a neutral atom or molecule, to form a highly excited, high-charge state ion. As the captured electron cascades down to the lowest energy level, photons are emitted, including X-rays. To provide reliable CX-induced X-ray spectral models to realistically simulate these environments, line ratios and spectra are computed using theoretical CX cross sections obtained with the multi-channel Landau-Zener, atomic-orbital close-coupling, molecular-orbital close-coupling, and classical trajectory Monte Carlo methods for various collisional velocities relevant to astrophysics. X-ray spectra were computed for collisions of bare and H-like C to Al ions with H, He, and H2 with results compared to available experimental data. Using these line ratios, XSPEC models of CX emission in the northeast rim of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant and the heliosphere are shown as examples with ion velocity dependence.
Alternative Gravity Rotation Curves for the LITTLE THINGS Survey
Authors: O’Brien James G. , Chiarelli Thomas L. , Dentico Jeremy , Stulge Modestas , Stefanski Brian , Moss Robert , Chaykov Spasen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Galactic rotation curves have proven to be the testing ground for dark matter bounds in spiral galaxies of all morphologies. Dwarf galaxies serve as an increasingly interesting case of rotation curve dynamics due to their typically rising rotation curve as opposed to the flattening curve of large spirals. Dwarf galaxies usually vary in galactic structure and mostly terminate at small radial distances. This, coupled with the fact that Cold Dark Matter theories struggle with the universality of galactic rotation curves, allow for exclusive features of alternative gravitational models to be analyzed. Recently, The H i Nearby Galactic Survey (THINGS) has been extended to include a sample of 25 dwarf galaxies now known as the LITTLE THINGS Survey. Here, we show an application of alternative gravitational models to the LITTLE THINGS survey, specifically focusing on conformal gravity (CG) and Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). In this work, we provide an analysis and discussion of the rotation curve predictions of each theory to the sample. Furthermore, we show how these two alternative gravitational models account for the recently observed universal trends in centripetal accelerations in spiral galaxies. This work highlights the similarities and differences of the predictions of the two theories in dwarf galaxies. The sample is not large or diverse enough to strongly favor a single theory, but we posit that both CG and MOND can provide an accurate description of the galactic dynamics in the LITTLE THINGS sample without the need for dark matter.
Carbon Monoxide Observations toward Star-forming Regions in the Outer Scutum–Centaurus Spiral Arm
Authors: Wenger Trey V. , Khan Asad A. , Ferraro Nicholas G. , Balser Dana S. , Armentrout W. P. , Anderson L. D. , Bania T. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Outer Scutum–Centaurus arm (OSC) is the most distant molecular spiral arm known in the Milky Way. The OSC may be the very distant end of the well-known Scutum–Centaurus arm, which stretches from the end of the Galactic bar to the outer Galaxy. At this distance the OSC is seen in the first Galactic quadrant. The population of star formation tracers in the OSC remains largely uncharacterized. Extragalactic studies show a strong correlation between molecular gas and star formation, and carbon monoxide (CO) emission was recently discovered in the OSC. Here we use the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO) 12

telescope to observe the 12CO J = 1–0 and 13CO J = 1–0 transitions toward 78 H ii region candidates chosen from the WISE Catalog of Galactic H ii Regions. These targets are spatially coincident with the Galactic longitude–latitude (

) OSC locus as defined by H i emission. We detect CO emission in ∼80% of our targets. In total, we detect 117 12CO and 40 13CO emission lines. About two-thirds of our targets have at least one emission line originating beyond the solar orbit. Most of the detections beyond the solar orbit are associated with the outer arm, but there are 17 12CO emission lines and 8 13CO emission lines with LSR velocities that are consistent with the velocities of the OSC. There is no apparent difference between the physical properties (e.g., molecular column density) of these OSC molecular clouds and non-OSC molecular clouds within our sample.