bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small-time almost-sure behaviour of extremal processes
Authors: Maller Ross A. , Schmidli Peter C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
An rth-order extremal process Δ(r) = (Δ(r)t)t≥0 is a continuous-time analogue of the rth partial maximum sequence of a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables. Studying maxima in continuous time gives rise to the notion of limiting properties of Δt(r) as t ↓ 0. Here we describe aspects of the small-time behaviour of Δ(r) by characterising its upper and lower classes relative to a nonstochastic nondecreasing function bt > 0 with limt↓bt = 0. We are then able to give an integral criterion for the almost sure relative stability of Δt(r) as t ↓ 0, r = 1, 2, . . ., or, equivalently, as it turns out, for the almost sure relative stability of Δt(1) as t ↓ 0.
Nash equilibrium in nonzero-sum games of optimal stopping for Brownian motion
Authors: Attard Natalie 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We present solutions to nonzero-sum games of optimal stopping for Brownian motion in [0, 1] absorbed at either 0 or 1. The approach used is based on the double partial superharmonic characterisation of the value functions derived in Attard (2015). In this setting the characterisation of the value functions has a transparent geometrical interpretation of 'pulling two ropes' above 'two obstacles' which must, however, be constrained to pass through certain regions. This is an extension of the analogous result derived by Peskir (2009), (2012) (semiharmonic characterisation) for the value function in zero-sum games of optimal stopping. To derive the value functions we transform the game into a free-boundary problem. The latter is then solved by making use of the double smooth fit principle which was also observed in Attard (2015). Martingale arguments based on the Itô–Tanaka formula will then be used to verify that the solution to the free-boundary problem coincides with the value functions of the game and this will establish the Nash equilibrium.
Characterizing sleep spindles in 11,630 individuals from the National Sleep Research Resource
Authors: Purcell S. M. , Manoach D. S. , Demanuele C. , Cade B. E. , Mariani S. , Cox R. , Panagiotaropoulou G. , Saxena R. , Pan J. Q. , Smoller J. W. , Redline S. , Stickgold R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures of stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleep. Implicated in sleep regulation and cognitive functioning, spindles may represent heritable biomarkers of neuropsychiatric disease. Here we characterize spindles in 11,630 individuals aged 4 to 97 years, as a prelude to future genetic studies. Spindle properties are highly reliable but exhibit distinct developmental trajectories. Across the night, we observe complex patterns of age- and frequency-dependent dynamics, including signatures of circadian modulation. We identify previously unappreciated correlates of spindle activity, including confounding by body mass index mediated by cardiac interference in the EEG. After taking account of these confounds, genetic factors significantly contribute to spindle and spectral sleep traits. Finally, we consider topographical differences and critical measurement issues. Taken together, our findings will lead to an increased understanding of the genetic architecture of sleep spindles and their relation to behavioural and health outcomes, including neuropsychiatric disorders.
Next-generation sequencing of circulating tumor DNA to predict recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsiang , Hancock Bradley A. , Solzak Jeffrey P. , Brinza Dumitru , Scafe Charles , Miller Kathy D. , Radovich Milan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNext-generation sequencing to detect circulating tumor DNA is a minimally invasive method for tumor genotyping and monitoring therapeutic response. The majority of studies have focused on detecting circulating tumor DNA from patients with metastatic disease. Herein, we tested whether circulating tumor DNA could be used as a biomarker to predict relapse in triple-negative breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we analyzed samples from 38 early-stage triple-negative breast cancer patients with matched tumor, blood, and plasma. Extracted DNA underwent library preparation and amplification using the Oncomine Research Panel consisting of 134 cancer genes, followed by high-coverage sequencing and bioinformatics. We detected high-quality somatic mutations from primary tumors in 33 of 38 patients. TP53 mutations were the most prevalent (82%) followed by PIK3CA (16%). Of the 33 patients who had a mutation identified in their primary tumor, we were able to detect circulating tumor DNA mutations in the plasma of four patients (three TP53 mutations, one AKT1 mutation, one CDKN2A mutation). All four patients had recurrence of their disease (100% specificity), but sensitivity was limited to detecting only 4 of 13 patients who clinically relapsed (31% sensitivity). Notably, all four patients had a rapid recurrence (0.3, 4.0, 5.3, and 8.9 months). Patients with detectable circulating tumor DNA had an inferior disease free survival (p < 0.0001; median disease-free survival: 4.6 mos. vs. not reached; hazard ratio = 12.6, 95% confidence interval: 3.06–52.2). Our study shows that next-generation circulating tumor DNA sequencing of triple-negative breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy can predict recurrence with high specificity, but moderate sensitivity. For those patients where circulating tumor DNA is detected, recurrence is rapid.
Detection of Majorana zero mode in the vortex
Authors: Sun Hao-Hua , Jia Jin-Feng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMajorana zero modes, which behave like Majorana fermions, are quasiparticle excitations in condensed matter systems. They obey non-Abelian statistics, and have been proposed as building blocks of topological quantum computers. They are predicted to exist in the vortex of topological superconductors. In 2012, such a topological superconductor was engineered by depositing topological insulator thin films on top of an s-wave superconductor. Thereafter, several evidences have been reported to prove the Majorana zero modes’ existence in the vortex. In this review, by putting all experimental and theoretical results together, we show that these experimental evidences are consistent and they are also strongly supported by the theories, so the existence of Majorana zero mode is firmly established. Moreover, the adjacent Majorana zero modes annihilate when two vortices are close enough, which demonstrate that they have the nature of Majorana fermions. Finally, their potential application in topological quantum computing is discussed.
Heavy fermion behavior in the quasi-one-dimensional Kondo lattice CeCo2Ga8
Authors: Wang Le , Fu Zhaoming , Sun Jianping , Liu Min , Yi Wei , Yi Changjiang , Luo Yongkang , Dai Yaomin , Liu Guangtong , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Yamaura Kazunari , Lu Li , Cheng Jin-Guang , Yang Yi-feng , Shi Youguo , Luo Jianlin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDimensionality plays an essential role in determining the anomalous non-Fermi liquid properties in heavy fermion systems. So far most heavy fermion compounds are quasi-two-dimensional or three-dimensional. Here we report the synthesis and systematic investigations of the single crystals of the quasi-one-dimensional Kondo lattice CeCo2Ga8. Resistivity measurements at ambient pressure reveal the onset of coherence at T * ≈ 20 K and non-Fermi liquid behavior with linear temperature dependence over a decade in temperature from 2 to 0.1 K. The specific heat increases logarithmically with lowering temperature between 10 and 2 K and reaches 800 mJ/mol K2 at 1 K, suggesting that CeCo2Ga8 is a heavy fermion compound in the close vicinity of a quantum critical point. Resistivity measurements under pressure further confirm the non-Fermi liquid behavior in a large temperature–pressure range. The magnetic susceptibility is found to follow the typical behavior for a one-dimensional spin chain from 300 K down to T *, and first-principles calculations predict flat Fermi surfaces for the itinerant f-electron bands. These suggest that CeCo2Ga8 is a rare example of the quasi-one-dimensional Kondo lattice, but its non-Fermi liquid behaviors resemble those of the quasi-two-dimensional YbRh2Si2 family. The study of the quasi-one-dimensional CeCo2Ga8 family may therefore help us to understand the role of dimensionality on heavy fermion physics and quantum criticality.
Suppression of αvβ6 Integrin Expression by Polymicrobial Oral Biofilms in Gingival Epithelial Cells
Authors: Bi Jiarui , Koivisto Leeni , Pang Aihui , Li Ming , Jiang Guoqiao , Aurora Saljae , Wang Zhejun , Owen Gethin R. , Dai Jiayin , Shen Ya , Grenier Daniel , Haapasalo Markus , Häkkinen Lari , Larjava Hannu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPeriodontal diseases manifest by the formation of deep pockets between the gingiva and teeth where multispecies bacterial biofilms flourish, causing inflammation and bone loss. Epithelial cell receptor αvβ6 integrin that regulates inflammation by activating the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β1, is highly expressed in healthy junctional epithelium that connects the gingiva to the tooth enamel. However, its expression is attenuated in human periodontal disease. Moreover, Itgb6−/− mice display increased periodontal inflammation compared to wild-type mice. We hypothesized that bacterial biofilms present in the periodontal pockets suppress αvβ6 integrin levels in periodontal disease and that this change aggravates inflammation. To this end, we generated three-week-old multi-species oral biofilms in vitro and treated cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs) with their extracts. The biofilm extracts caused suppression of β6 integrin expression and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β and -6. Furthermore, GECs with β6 integrin siRNA knockdown showed increased interleukin-1β expression, indicating that αvβ6 integrin-deficiency is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness. FSL-1, a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide, also suppressed β6 integrin expression in GECs. Therefore, biofilm components, including lipopeptides, may downregulate αvβ6 integrin expression in the pocket epithelium and thus promote epithelial cell-driven pro-inflammatory response in periodontal disease.
Nanoparticles for live cell microscopy: A surface-enhanced Raman scattering perspective
Authors: Navas-Moreno Maria , Mehrpouyan Majid , Chernenko Tatyana , Candas Demet , Fan Ming , Li Jian Jian , Yan Ming , Chan James W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSurface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles are an attractive alternative to fluorescent probes for biological labeling because of their photostability and multiplexing capabilities. However, nanoparticle size, shape, and surface properties are known to affect nanoparticle-cell interactions. Other issues such as the formation of a protein corona and antibody multivalency interfere with the labeling properties of nanoparticle-antibody conjugates. Hence, it is important to consider these aspects in order to validate such conjugates for live cell imaging applications. Using SERS nanoparticles that target HER2 and CD44 in breast cancer cells, we demonstrate labeling of fixed cells with high specificity that correlates well with fluorescent labels. However, when labeling live cells to monitor surface biomarker expression and dynamics, the nanoparticles are rapidly uptaken by the cells and become compartmentalized into different cellular regions. This behavior is in stark contrast to that of fluorescent antibody conjugates. This study highlights the impact of nanoparticle internalization and trafficking on the ability to use SERS nanoparticle-antibody conjugates to monitor cell dynamics.
Knockout of the peroxiredoxin 5 homologue PFAOP does not affect the artemisinin susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Djuika Carine F. , Staudacher Verena , Sanchez Cecilia P. , Lanzer Michael , Deponte Marcel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractArtemisinins are the current mainstay of malaria chemotherapy. Their exact mode of action is an ongoing matter of debate, and several factors have recently been reported to affect an early stage of artemisinin resistance of the most important human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Here, we identified a locus on chromosome 7 that affects the artemisinin susceptibility of P. falciparum in a quantitative trait locus analysis of a genetic cross between strains 7G8 and GB4. This locus includes the peroxiredoxin gene PFAOP. However, steady-state kinetic data with recombinant PfAOP do not support a direct interaction between this peroxidase and the endoperoxide artemisinin. Furthermore, neither the overexpression nor the deletion of the encoding gene affected the IC50 values for artemisinin or the oxidants diamide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Thus, PfAOP is dispensable for blood stage parasite survival, and the correlation between the artemisinin susceptibility and chromosome 7 is probably based on another gene within the identified locus.
Short-term effects of ambient air pollution and childhood lower respiratory diseases
Authors: Zhu Liyang , Ge Xuhua , Chen Yaoyao , Zeng Xinying , Pan Wang , Zhang Xu , Ben Shuai , Yuan Qi , Xin Junyi , Shao Wei , Ge Yuqiu , Wu Dongmei , Han Zhong , Zhang Zhengdong , Chu Haiyan , Wang Meilin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe association between air pollution and childhood respiratory disease is inconsistent. In the present study, we investigated a short-term effect of ambient air pollutants and daily childhood lower respiratory diseases (CLRD). Daily air pollutants, weather data, and CLRD data were collected from January 2014 to April 2015 (452 days) in Nanjing, China. Time-series regression and generalized additive models were used to assess the effects of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO) on CLRD. We observed that an interquartile range (IQR) increase in concentrations of PM10, NO2, and SO2 significantly increased the daily CLRD with 6 days cumulative effects (difference of estimates: 2.8%, 95% CI: 0.6–5.0%; 4.1%, 1.2–7.0%; 5.6%, 2.6–8.6%, respectively). However, no significant association was found in IQR concentrations of PM2.5, O3, and CO. Specifically, elevated PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 significantly increased the numbers of CLRD in cool season (3.6%, 1.5–5.7%; 2.4%, 0.3–4.5%; 4.9%, 2.9–7.0%; 6.3%, 3.7–9.0%, respectively). Additionally, the effect estimates of PM10, NO2, and SO2 in female and age >27 months were more pronounced than in male and age ≤27 months. This study suggested that short-term exposure to ambient PM10, NO2, and SO2 were associated with the increased CLRD numbers.
C60 as fine fillers to improve poly(phenylene sulfide) electrical conductivity and mechanical property
Authors: Zhang Maliang , Wang Xiaotian , Bai Yali , Li Zhenhuan , Cheng Bowen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractElectrical conductive poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS)/fullerene (C60) composites were prepared by 1-chlornaphthalene blending method, and the interface effects of C60 and PPS on PPS/C60 properties were characterized. C60 is an excellent nanofiller for PPS, and 2 wt% PPS/C60 composite displayed the optimal conductivity which achieved 1.67 × 10−2 S/cm. However, when C60 concentration reached 2 wt%, the breaking strength and tensile modulus of PPS/C60 fiber achieved maximum 290 MPa and 605 MPa, and those values were 7.72 and 11.2 times as that of pure PPS. The excellent conductive and mechanical properties of PPS/C60 were attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation of C60 during PPS crystallization, formation of a large number of covalent bond by main C60-thiol adducts and minor C60-ArCl alkylation between C60 outer surface and PPS matrix. At same time, PPS/C60 thermal properties were also investigated.
Impact of climate and host availability on future distribution of Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Wang Cong , Hawthorne David , Qin Yujia , Pan Xubin , Li Zhihong , Zhu Shuifang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractColorado Potato Beetle (CPB) is a devastating invasive pest of potato both in its native North America and now across Eurasia. It also damages eggplant, tomato and feeds on several wild species in the Solanaceae, such asS.eleagnifoliumandS.rostratumDunal (SR). Since first categorized as a pest in 1864, CPB has spread rapidly across North America, Europe and Asia. In light of its invasiveness and economic importance, it is necessary to study how climate change and host availability may alter the distribution of the CPB. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models were used to anticipate global range expansion as influenced by environmental conditions, and by the possibility of cooperative invasion of CPB and its wild host SR. The results indicate that both CPB and SR can occupy warm areas of North America, South Africa, Europe, China, and Australia. Future climate conditions may promote CPB expansion into northern regions and SR into the circumpolar latitudes. The existing range and continued spread of SR may also assist the global expansion of CPB. Future management of this pest should consider the impacts of global climate change and host availability on its potential global distribution.
The electro-optic mechanism and infrared switching dynamic of the hybrid multilayer VO2/Al:ZnO heterojunctions
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Wu , Wang Junyong , Jiang Kai , Zhang Jinzhong , Li Wenwu , Wu Jiada , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractActive and widely controllable phase transition optical materials have got rapid applications in energy-efficient electronic devices, field of meta-devices and so on. Here, we report the optical properties of the vanadium dioxide (VO2)/aluminum-doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO) hybrid n-n type heterojunctions and the corresponding electro-optic performances of the devices. Various structures are fabricated to compare the discrepancy of the optical and electrical characteristics. It was found that the reflectance spectra presents the wheel phenomenon rather than increases monotonically with temperature at near-infrared region range. The strong interference effects was found in the hybrid multilayer heterojunction. In addition, the phase transition temperature decreases with increasing the number of the Al:ZnO layer, which can be ascribed to the electron injection to the VO2 film from the Al:ZnO interface. Affected by the double layer Al:ZnO, the abnormal Raman vibration mode was presented in the insulator region. By adding the external voltage on the Al2O3/Al:ZnO/VO2/Al:ZnO, Al2O3/Al:ZnO/VO2 and Al2O3/VO2/Al:ZnO thin-film devices, the infrared optical spectra of the devices can be real-time manipulated by an external voltage. The main effect of joule heating and assistant effect of electric field are illustrated in this work. It is believed that the results will add a more thorough understanding in the application of the VO2/transparent conductive film device.
One-pot Synthesis of 6-Aza-chromone Derivatives Through Cascade Carbonylation-Sonogashira-Cyclization
Authors: Cheng Gang , Qi Yingbei , Zhou Xiaoqian , Sheng Rong , Hu Yong-Zhou , Hu Youhong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe developed an efficient synthesis of aza-chromones from 3-iodo-4-(1H)-pyridones and terminal acetylenes via a cascade carbonylation-Sonogashira-cyclization reaction. By controlling the use of bases, both 6-aza-chromones 5 and 3-(4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)-4H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolin-4-ones 6 could be selectively obtained in moderate to good yields.
Intermolecular steric inhibition of Ephexin4 is relieved by Elmo1
Authors: Kim Kwanhyeong , Lee Juyeon , Lee Sang-Ah , Moon Hyunji , Park Boyeon , Kim Deokhwan , Joo Young-Eun , Park Daeho 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEphexin4, a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for RhoG, promotes engulfment of apoptotic cells and cancer cell migration in a RhoG-dependent manner, which is synergistically augmented by Elmo1, an Ephexin4-interacting protein. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report a mechanism by which Elmo1 cooperates with Ephexin4 to activate RhoG. We found that Ephexin4 activity was increased by elimination of its SH3 domain which intermolecularly interacts with the N20 region of Ephexin4. This interaction prevented RhoG from binding to Ephexin4 and thus inhibited RhoG activation. Moreover, we also found that Elmo1 associated with the SH3 domain as well as the N20 region and competed with the SH3 domain for binding to the N20 region, interrupting the interaction of the SH3 domain with the N20 region and thereby promoting RhoG binding to Ephexin4. In addition, the activity of Ephexin4 lacking the SH3 domain was comparable to that of Ephexin4 with Elmo1. Taken together, the data suggest that Elmo1 relieves the steric hindrance of Ephexin4 generated by the intermolecular interaction of the SH3 domain and makes Ephexin4 more accessible to RhoG.
Mitogenomic analyses support the recent division of the genus Orthotrichum (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta)
Authors: Sawicki Jakub , Plášek Vítězslav , Ochyra Ryszard , Szczecińska Monika , Ślipiko Monika , Myszczyński Kamil , Kulik Tomasz 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA recently presented taxonomical arrangement of the moss genusOrthotrichumHedw. s.l. substantially changed the traditional view of the taxon that had been accepted throughout the twentieth century. This paper provides the results of mitogenomic studies that strongly support the new taxonomical concept. Comparative analyses presented in this study confirmed the stable structure of moss mitogenomes. Moreover, 17 complete mitogenome sequences were used to identify the major evolutionary groups, including 11 newly sequenced ones, for this study. The analysis of mitochondrial hotspots revealed intron 4 of thecox1 gene to be the most variable non-coding region. The most variable protein-coding genes in the tribe Orthotricheae wereccmFC andtatC. The intergenic and intronic hotspots ofOrthotrichums.l. identified in the present study do not correspond to those described in vascular plant mitogenomes.
Distribution and UV protection strategies of zooplankton in clear and glacier-fed alpine lakes
Authors: Tartarotti Barbara , Trattner Florian , Remias Daniel , Saul Nadine , Steinberg Christian E. W. , Sommaruga Ruben 
Published: June 2017

AbstractZooplankton, a group of aquatic animals important as trophic link in the food web, are exposed to high levels of UV radiation (UVR) in clear alpine lakes, while in turbid glacier-fed lakes they are more protected. To study the interplay between behavioral and physiological protection responses in zooplankton from those lakes, we sampled six lakes of different UVR transparency and glacial turbidity. Copepods were absent in the upper water layers of the clearest lake, while in glacier-fed lakes they were more evenly distributed in the water column. Across all lakes, the weighted copepod mean depth was strongly related to food resources (chlorophyll a and rotifers), whereas in the fishless lakes, glacial turbidity largely explained the vertical daytime distribution of these organisms. Up to ~11-times (mean 3.5) higher concentrations of photo-protective compounds (mycosporine-like amino acids, MAAs) were found in the copepods from the clear than from the glacier-fed lakes. In contrast to carotenoid concentrations and antioxidant capacities, MAA levels were strongly related to the lake transparency. Copepods from alpine lakes rely on a combination of behavioral and physiological strategies adapted to the change in environmental conditions taking place when lakes shift from glacially turbid to clear conditions, as glacier retreat proceeds.