bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La agonía de la P.S.S. en la ciudad de Zaragoza
Authors: Gutiérrez Resa Antonio , Borque Terrén Raquel , Gimeno García Rosa Ana , Larena López Sonia , Vázquez Corbatón Enrique 
Published: April 2016

Una mirada a las bambalinas de la P.S.S.
El interés por conocer la opinión sobre la Prestación Social Sustitutoria (P.S.S.), de aquellas entidades que cuentan con objetores de conciencia, dependientes del Consistorio Zaragozano, llevó a plantearnos la investigación de la que presentamos en éste artículo las ideas más relevantes.
Tras un breve recorrido histórico se vislumbran distintos momentos en los de cuales la P.S.S. fue considerada un problema de grandes dimensiones por la Administración. Los aspectos más sobresalientes que del estudio se sustraen son el trabajo directo, en la mayor parte de los casos con los beneficiarios, el alto grado de utilidad para la sociedad, la propia entidad y la Administración y el planteamiento de los inevitables interrogantes que la inminente desaparición de la P.S.S. genera.
¿Es correcto hablar de un único mercado de trabajo en el sector de las artes escénicas? Una propuesta para el debate
Authors: Virgili Conxa 
Published: April 2016

Introducción: Objetivos y limitaciones
El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la postura de los autores en relación a una incorrección habitual al hablar de la situación de los profesionales de las artes escénicas en la esfera laboral: pensar que estos actúan en un único mercado de trabajo. Las evidencias empíricas dan a entender que no existe tal mercado, entendiéndolo como un mundo específico para todos/as los profesionales del espectáculo. De esta forma, la realidad demuestra más bien la necesidad de considerar la existencia de situaciones profesionales muy diversas por la convivencia de múltiples mercados, casi tantos como especialidades existen. La posición de los autores en este debate proviene del conocimiento que les confiere la información obtenida de un amplio estudio sobre las inserciones socioprofesionales y las trayectorias laborales en el mercado de trabajo de las artes del espectáculo. Mercado de trabajo entendido en un sentido amplio, tanto desde el punto de vista temático: inserciones y trayectorias profesionales, condiciones de trabajo, visión y evaluación de la profesión, actitudes y expectativas de futuro; así como desde el punto de vista de los actores sociales: ocupados/as en el sector de las artes escénicas, pluriocupados/as, ocupados/as en el sector y fuera de él (multiocupados/as) y ocupados/as fuera del sector.
La escuela y la reorganización del espacio y del tiempo en la sociedad de la información
Authors: Ávila Francés Mercedes 
Published: April 2016

El espacio de los lugares y el espacio de los flujos
La sociedad globalizada de la era de la información supone una transformación radical del espacio y del tiempo. Espacio y tiempo son construcciones sociales, es decir, el significado o la concepción social del tiempo y del espacio varía de una cultura a otra. y puesto que nuestras sociedades están sufriendo una transformación estructural, también están surgiendo nuevas formas y procesos espaciales (Castells, 1999: 444-445).
Según Castells (1999: 431), en la sociedad red el espacio organiza al tiempo, y la ciudad pasa de ser un lugar a ser un proceso. Esto supone la aparición de una, nueva clase de espacio: el espacio de los flujos, donde la gente circula con un patrón cada vez más móvil. Coexisten, por tanto, dos tipos de espacios: los lugares y el espacio de los flujos.
Un lugar es un espacio físico con una historia, una cultura y sobre el que se asienta y en el que interactúan uno o más grupos sociales. La sociedad industrial se caracterizaba por la lógica de la especialización monofuncional: un lugar y un tiempo para cada cosa. En la sociedad de la información, un mismo lugar puede, destinarse a distintas funciones en los diferentes momentos. Ese lugar puede servir, entonces a distintos grupos sociales sin que a penas interactúen entre ellos, y puede tener un significado simbólico distinto para cada uno de ellos. Los espacios se vuelven multifuncionales.
La sociedad de la información está construida en torno a flujos: flujos de capital, flujos de información, flujos de tecnología, flujos de interacción organizativa, flujos de imágenes, sonidos y símbolos.
Sociología de la cultura y sociología cultural: la situación en España
Authors: Martín Cabello Antonio 
Published: April 2016

La sociología ha venido abordando los fenómenos culturales desde dos grandes enfoques: la sociología de la cultura y la sociología cultural. El profesor Jeffrey C. Alexander (2001) mantiene que ambas posturas, que denomina respectivamente perspectiva débil y fuerte, ofrecen una visión enfrentada sobre la posición de la cultura en la explicación de la acción social y, por extensión, de las instituciones y estructura social. Ambas aproximaciones son más o menos representativas en el contexto académico e intelectual de cada sociedad. En el presente artículo se pretende explorar la situación de los estudios culturales en España dentro de este marco de referencia.

Tres perspectivas sobre sociología y cultura.
Piensa Alexander que la corriente sociológica tradicional ha puesto siempre énfasis en la estructura social, en la base «real» de la sociedad, y que, por el contrario, la cultura, la ideología, ha sido considerada un hecho dependiente de esta estructura o base, por tanto, una «variable dependiente». En consecuencia, se ha tendido a reducir la estructura de significados a meras superestructuras, ideologías, falsas conciencias, sentimientos o ideas «irreales». La sociología pensaba que la explicación había que buscarla «más allá» de la cultura y, en general, era bastante insensible al significado de la acción. No obstante, en los últimos años, afirma, asistimos al resurgir del significado como variable explicativa de la realidad social, de la acción y de las instituciones sociales.
Los estudios que desde la sociología se han realizado de la cultura pueden clasificarse en tres grandes grupos (Smith, 1998): la teoría cultural europea, los estudios culturales británicos y sociología cultural estadounidense. Cada uno de ellos representa una serie de características específicas.
Persoalan Status Sebagai Anak-anak Abraham dalam Surat Galatia
Authors: Hakh Samuel Benyamin 
Published: April 2016

In the apostle Paul's letter to the Galatians, one of the principal theological debate sticking to the surface is the status as children of Abraham through circumcision. Because according to a group of Jews Christian who came to Galatia, Gentile Christians shall be circumcised, and implement the law, if they want to obtain salvation. Because safety is only given to those who become the children of Abraham in full.
On the other hand, Paul rejected that obligation. According to Paul, by faith in Christ, the son of Abraham, Christians in Galatia, having status as the children of Abraham and inherit the blessings of God's promise that is salvation. In this article I argue that the debate was due on the one hand, Jewish Christian groups that cling to the tradition of circumcision because of the tradition that has been in effect since Abraham and believed to be the way of salvation, while Paul emphasis on faith and obey the decision of the council in Jerusalem that circumcision is not required for the non-Jewish.
Does Stroke Volume Increase During an Incremental Exercise? A Systematic Review
Authors: Vieira Stella S. , Lemes Brunno , de T. C. de Carvalho Paulo , N. de Lima Rafael , S. Bocalini Danilo , A. S. Junior José , Arsa Gisela , A. Casarin Cezar , L. Andrade Erinaldo , J. Serra Andrey 
Published: April 2016

Introduction:
Cardiac output increases during incremental-load exercise to meet metabolic skeletal muscle demand. This response requires a fast adjustment in heart rate and stroke volume. The heart rate is well known to increase linearly with exercise load; however, data for stroke volume during incremental-load exercise are unclear. Our objectives were to (a) review studies that have investigated stroke volume on incremental load exercise and (b) summarize the findings for stroke volume, primarily at maximal-exercise load.

Methods:
A comprehensive review of the Cochrane Library’s, Embase, Medline, SportDiscus, PubMed, and Web of Sci-ence databases was carried out for the years 1985 to the present. The search was performed between February and June 2014 to find studies evaluating changes in stroke volume during incremental-load exercise. Controlled and uncontrolled trials were evaluated for a quality score.

Results:
The stroke volume data in maximal-exercise load are inconsistent. There is evidence to hypothesis that stroke volume increases during maximal-exercise load, but other lines of evidence indicate that stroke volume reaches a plateau under these circumstances, or even decreases.

Conclusion:
The stroke volume	are unclear, include contradictory evidence. Additional studies with standardized reporting for subjects (e.g., age, gender, physical fitness, and body position), exercise test protocols, and left ventricular function are required to clarify the characteristics of stroke volume during incremental maximal-exercise load.
NEMA NU4-2008 Performance Evaluation of Albira: A Two-Ring Small-Animal PET System Using Continuous LYSO Crystals
Authors: Pajak Malgorzata Z. , Volgyes David , Pimlott Sally L. , Salvador Carlos C. , Asensi Antonio S. , McKeown Clare , Waldeck Jens , Anderson Kurt I. 
Published: April 2016

Goals:This paper presents the performance review based on a dual-ring Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner being a part of Bruker Albira: a multi-modal small-animal imaging platform. Each ring of Albira PET contains eight detectors arranged as octagon, and each detector is built using a single continuous lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate crystal and multi-anode photo multiplier tube. In two-ring configuration, the scanner covers 94.4 mm in axial- and 80´80 mm in trans-axial direction, which is sufficient to acquire images of small animals (e.g.mice) without the need of moving the animal bed during the scan.Methods:All measurements and majority of data processing were performed according to the NEMA NU4-2008 standard with one exception. Due to the scanner geometry, the spatial resolution test was reconstructed using iterative algorithm instead of the analytical one. The main performance characteristics were compared with those of the other PET sub-systems of tri-modal small-animal scanners.Results:The measured spatial resolution at the centre of the axial field of view in radial, tangential and axial directions was 1.72, 1.70 and 2.45 mm, respectively. The scatter fraction for the mouse-like phantom was 9.8% and for the rat-like phantom, 21.8%. The maximum absolute sensitivity was 5.30%. Finally, the recovery co-efficients for 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 mm diameter rods in image quality phantom were: 0.90, 0.77, 0.66, 0.30 and 0.05, respectively.Conclusion:The Bruker Albira is a versatile small-animal multi-modal device that can be used for variety of studies. Overall the PET sub-system provides a good spatial resolution coupled with better-than average sensitivity and the ability to produce good quality animal images when administering low activities.
Effects of Nd:YAG laser pulse frequency on the surface treatment of Ti 6Al 4V alloys
Authors: Gursel Ali 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The desirable properties of titanium and titanium alloys, including excellent corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio and high operating temperature, have led to their successful application in various fields such as the medical and aerospace industries. Among the reliable treatment techniques, laser welding can provide significant advantages for the titanium alloys because of its precision, rapid processing capability and ability to control the welding parameters and their effects. The morphology and the quality of pulsed seam welds are directly or synergistically influenced by the Nd:YAG laser parameters of pulse shape, energy, duration, travel speed, peak power and frequency of repetition. In this study, a 1.5 mm thick Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet surface was treated by SigmaLaser®300 Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The influence of the pulse frequency on seam morphology and surface effects was then investigated. The seam and surface quality were characterized in terms of weld morphology and microhardness. The results showed that, for Nd:YAG laser seams used for surface treatment, pulse repetition was more effective on the cooling rate than had been expected.
Multi-response milling process optimization using the Taguchi method coupled to grey relational analysis
Authors: Shankar Subramaniam , Mohanraj Thangamuthu , Thangarasu Sevagoundanoor Karuppusamy 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
An efficient method based on Taguchi's design of experiment coupled with the grey relational analysis was studied, concentrating on the optimization of process parameters over surface roughness, cutting force and tool wear rate in milling of mild steel. This study consists of three stages: experimental work, single response optimization using Taguchi's S/N value and multi-response optimization using grey relational analysis. In the first stage, the experimental work was carried out using Taguchi's design of experiments. The effects of process parameters (spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut) on surface roughness, cutting force and tool wear rate were investigated using analysis of variance. In the second stage, Taguchi's signal-to-noise ratio was used to optimize the responses. Finally, multi-response optimization was carried out using grey relational analysis. Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the most significant factor for the optimal response for milling of mild steel. From the ANOVA table, the most significant factor is the spindle speed. This proposed method can be an effective approach to enhance the multi-response optimization for milling process.
Synergistic effect of bias and target currents for magnetron sputtered MoS2-Ti composite films
Authors: Bülbül Ferhat , Efeoğlu İhsan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In terms of modification of the properties of MoS2-Ti composite films, especially tribological properties, significant advances have recently been recorded. However, the commercially production of MoS2-Ti composite films is still limited, because the production of desirable MoS2-Ti composite coating is only possible by using closed field unbalanced magnetron systems and by the selection of convenient deposition parameters. This requirement has focused the researchers’ attention on optimization of deposition parameters. This study is concentrating on the effect of the bias voltage and the target currents for MoS2-Ti composite films deposited by pulsed magnetron sputtering (PMS). It is found that the bias and the target currents clearly affect the mechanical, structural and tribological properties of MoS2-Ti films.
Experimental investigation of sheet metal forming using a recyclable low melting point alloy tool
Authors: Durgun Ismail , Kus Abdil , Sakin Ali , Unver Ertu , Jagger Brian , Doruk Emre , Fındık Fehim 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Due to intense competition in automotive industry, new car models have to be launched as quickly as possible. A re-evaluation of the design and development phases has reshaped product development in order to get product earlier than competitors. Prototype production is one of the longest stages of product development due to physical verification activities. Shortening of this process will provide more opportunity to get project schedule earlier. Rapid prototype technologies are usually used as a guide for visual and packaging analysis. However, there is a requirement to use these parts for functional testing as well. Developing alternative rapid tooling methods which shorten the physical prototype production phase, while adequately supporting visual, packaging and functional aspects of sheet metal forming, can lead to considerable savings in vehicle prototype development. In this study, sheet metal prototype part using recyclable low melting point alloy was experimentally investigated by analysing dimensional conformance of tools and parts. In addition to wear performance, thickness reduction was investigated for stamped parts.
Turbine blade wear and damage – An overview of advanced characterization techniques
Authors: Schlobohm Jochen , Bruchwald Oliver , Frackowiak Wojciech , Li Yinan , Kästner Markus , Pösch Andreas , Reimche Wilfried , Reithmeier Eduard , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper gives an overview of four measurement techniques that allow to extensively characterize the status of a worn turbine blade. In addition to the measurement of geometry and surface properties, the condition of the two protective coatings needs to be monitored. Fringe projection was used to detect and quantify geometric variances. The technique was improved using newly developed algorithms like inverse fringe projection. A Michelson interferometer was employed to further analyze areas with geometric defects and characterize the surface morphology of the blade. Pulsed high frequency induction thermography enabled the scanning of the blade for small cracks at or close to the surface. High frequency eddy current testing was used to determine the protective layers status and their thickness.
Innovative approach to protect magnesium powder during sintering
Authors: Rotem Shany , Aghion Eli 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Mg foams produced by powder metallurgy are considered as a new class of materials with unique properties. However, the high reactivity of Mg powder during sintering has a detrimental effect on their properties. The study aims at evaluating the possibility of using an insignificant amount of sulfur hexafluoride in the form of N2+0.2 %SF6 atmosphere for protecting EW62 Mg alloy during sintering at high temperature. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the relative advantage of N2+0.2 %SF6 as a protective atmosphere and cost effective environment compared to pure Ar. This was related to the active role of fluorine during sintering which improves the oxidation resistance of the Mg powder and consequently the properties of Mg foams in terms of structural integrity and strength.
Effects of fiber volume fraction on strain of piezoelectric fiber composites
Authors: Lu Fan , Lin Xiujuan , Geng Hongda , Huang Shifeng 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Piezoceramic fibers as the active deforming component in piezoelectric fiber composites have the largest influence on the overall strain of the composites. The results of this study show that the fabricated composites exhibited clearly anisotropic actuation properties. The free strain of piezoelectric fiber composites with 70 % by volume fibers in the longitudinal direction was 2.9 times of that in the transverse direction at the excitation voltage of 2 000 V and excitation frequency of 0.1 Hz. Larger fiber volume fraction can increase the free strain of the composites, e. g. in this case the free strain increased by about 24.6 % and 33.6 % in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively, as the fiber volume fraction increased from 70 % to 78 %. The piezoelectric strain coefficient d
33 of piezoelectric fiber composites exhibits nonlinear dependency on the actuation voltage and linear dependency on the logarithm of frequency.
Preparation and Anti-Fouling Property of Acryloylmorpholine-Grafted PVDF Membrane: The Effect of Cross-Linking Agent
Authors: Shen X. , Liu J. , Zhao Y. , Chen L. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Inspired by the hydration capability of hydrogel materials, cross-linked poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) (PACMO) chains were designed into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) backbones to synthesize the copolymers (PVDF-g-PACMO) using the radical polymerization method. These copolymers were then cast into the porous membranes via immersion phase inversion. The effects of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) in the reaction solution on the structure and performance of as-prepared copolymer membranes were evaluated by elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle measurement, protein adsorption and filtration experiment. The grafting degree of PACMO increases with the increase of MBAA amount in the reaction solution, which endows the copolymer membrane with a good hydrophilicity. The protein adsorption and irreversible membrane fouling decrease and then further increase with the elevated grafting degree of PACMO. This result indicates that the anti-fouling property of membrane not only depends on the surface hydrophilicity and but also associates with the grafting structures of PACMO. This work provides a fundamental understanding of various grafting structures governing the performance of anti-fouling properties.
CO2 Laser Ablation of Microchannel on PMMA Substrate for Effective Fabrication of Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Chen X. , Li T. , Shen J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper reports a simple and rapid method for fabrication of microfluidic chips on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrate using a flexible and low-cost CO2 laser system. The CO2 laser employed has a wavelength of 10.6 μm. The laser power used for channel fabrication ranged from 3 and 12 W, the beam travel speeds ranged from 5 to 50 mm/s and the passes were varied in the range of 1 to 3 times. Typical channel depths were between 100 and 900 μm, while the width of fabricated channels ranged from 100 to 300 μm. The effects of the process parameters (the laser power, the beam travel speed of the laser beam and the number of passes) on the dimensional quality (the depth, the width and their aspect ratio) of the microchannel manufactured from PMMA were experimentally investigated. The change law of the channel geometry depending on process parameters was obtained. A high reproducibility of micro-channel geometry was attained. At last, a CO2 laser output power of 5.5 W and a laser beam travel speed of 35 mm/s combining a hot press bonding technique were chosen to fabricate a microfluidic chip within half hour. The pattern qualities and experimental results confirm that the CO2 laser micromachining technology has a great potential for application in flexible, rapid and economic production of polymeric microfluidic chips.