bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological properties of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons identified by genetic and optogenetic tagging
Authors: López‐Hernández Gretchen Y. , Ananth Mala , Jiang Li , Ballinger Elizabeth C. , Talmage David A. , Role Lorna W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent developments in the generation of neuronal population‐specific, genetically modified mouse lines have allowed precise identification and selective stimulation of cholinergic neurons in vivo. Although considerably less laborious than studies conducted with post hoc identification of cholinergic neurons by immunostaining, it is not known whether the genetically based labeling procedures that permit in vivo identification are electrophysiologically benign. In this study, we use mice carrying a bacterial artificial chromosome transgene that drives expression of a tau‐green fluorescent fusion protein specifically in cholinergic neurons. This allowed us to visualize basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in acute slice preparations. Using whole cell, patch clamp electrophysiological recording in acute brain slices, here we present original data about the basic electrical properties of these genetically tagged cholinergic neurons including firing rate, resting membrane potential, rheobase, and various characteristics of their action potentials and after‐hyperpolarization potentials. The basic electrical properties are compared (i) with non‐cholinergic neurons in the same brain regions; (ii) in cholinergic neurons between immature animals and young adults; and (iii) with cholinergic neurons that are expressing light‐sensitive channels. Our conclusions based on these data are (i) cholinergic neurons are less excitable then their non‐cholinergic neighbors, (ii) the basic properties of cholinergic neurons do not significantly change between adolescence and young adulthood and (iii) these properties are not significantly affected by chronic expression of the excitatory opsin, oChIEF.This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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ParticiPAte CP: a protocol of a randomised waitlist controlled trial of a motivational and behaviour change therapy intervention to increase physical activity through meaningful participation in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Reedman Sarah Elizabeth , Boyd Roslyn N , Elliott Catherine , Sakzewski Leanne 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) participate in leisure-time physical activities (PA) less often, with less intensity and reduced diversity than their typically developing peers. Participation in leisure-time physical activities may be an important source of habitual physical activity (HPA) for children with CP, who as a group have lower levels of HPA and increased sedentary time compared with their typically developing peers. The proposed study aims to compare the efficacy of a participation focused therapy (ParticiPAte CP) to usual care in a pragmatic, randomised waitlist controlled trial.Methods and analysisThirty-six children with CP (18 in each group), classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to III, aged between 8 and 12 years will be recruited across South East Queensland, Australia. Children will be randomised to receive either ParticiPAte CP or waitlist usual care using concealed allocation. ParticiPAte CP is an individually tailored, goal-directed intervention model of pragmatic participation-focused therapy using a toolbox of evidence-based strategies in the treatment of children with CP. This will include goal-setting; identification of barriers and facilitators to participation goals, strategy formation and planning and communication guided by principles of Self-Determination Theory using strategies of Motivational Interviewing. The intervention comprises 8 weekly sessions of 1 hour duration conducted by a physiotherapist in the child's home or community.Trial registration numberACTRN12615001064594.
BLIMP1 Induces Transient Metastatic Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Chiou Shin-Heng , Risca Viviana I. , Wang Gordon X. , Yang Dian , Grüner Barbara M. , Kathiria Arwa S. , Ma Rosanna K. , Vaka Dedeepya , Chu Pauline , Kozak Margaret , Castellini Laura , Graves Edward E. , Kim Grace E. , Mourrain Philippe , Koong Albert C. , Giaccia Amato J. , Winslow Monte M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most metastatic and deadly cancers. Despite the clinical significance of metastatic spread, our understanding of molecular mechanisms that drive PDAC metastatic ability remains limited. By generating a genetically engineered mouse model of human PDAC, we uncover a transient subpopulation of cancer cells with exceptionally high metastatic ability. Global gene expression profiling and functional analyses uncovered the transcription factor BLIMP1 as a driver of PDAC metastasis. The highly metastatic PDAC subpopulation is enriched for hypoxia-induced genes, and hypoxia-mediated induction of BLIMP1 contributes to the regulation of a subset of hypoxia-associated gene expression programs. These findings support a model in which upregulation of BLIMP1 links microenvironmental cues to a metastatic stem cell character.
Significance: PDAC is an almost uniformly lethal cancer, largely due to its tendency for metastasis. We define a highly metastatic subpopulation of cancer cells, uncover a key transcriptional regulator of metastatic ability, and define hypoxia as an important factor within the tumor microenvironment that increases metastatic proclivity. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1184–99. ©2017 AACR.
See related commentary by Vakoc and Tuveson, p. 1067.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047
Association Between Echocardiography Laboratory Accreditation and the Quality of Imaging and Reporting for Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Thaden Jeremy J. , Tsang Michael Y. , Ayoub Chadi , Padang Ratnasari , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Tucker Stephen F. , Cassidy Cynthia S. , Bremer Merri , Kane Garvan C. , Pellikka Patricia A. 
Published: August 2017

Background—
It is presumed that echocardiographic laboratory accreditation leads to improved quality, but there are few data. We sought to compare the quality of echocardiographic examinations performed at accredited versus nonaccredited laboratories for the evaluation of valvular heart disease.

Methods and Results—

We enrolled 335 consecutive valvular heart disease subjects who underwent echocardiography at our institution and an external accredited or nonaccredited institution within 6 months. Completeness and quality of echocardiographic reports and images were assessed by investigators blinded to the external laboratory accreditation status and echocardiographic results. Compared with nonaccredited laboratories, accredited sites more frequently reported patient sex (94% versus 78%;
P
<0.001), height and weight (96% versus 63%;
P
<0.001), blood pressure (86% versus 39%;
P
<0.001), left ventricular size (96% versus 83%;
P
<0.001), right ventricular size (94% versus 80%;
P
=0.001), and right ventricular function (87% versus 73%;
P
=0.006). Accredited laboratories had higher rates of complete and diagnostic color (58% versus 35%;
P
=0.002) and spectral Doppler imaging (45% versus 21%;
P
<0.0001). Concordance between external and internal grading of external studies was improved when diagnostic quantification was performed (85% versus 69%;
P
=0.003), and in patients with mitral regurgitation, reproducibility was improved with higher quality color Doppler imaging.

Conclusions—
Accredited echocardiographic laboratories had more complete reporting and better image quality, while echocardiographic quantification and color Doppler image quality were associated with improved concordance in grading valvular heart disease. Future quality improvement initiatives should highlight the importance of high-quality color Doppler imaging and echocardiographic quantification to improve the accuracy, reproducibility, and quality of echocardiographic studies for valvular heart disease.
Transporting Concepts of ‘Native’ Land as Birthright between Fiji and Australia’s North
Authors: Close-Barry Kirstie 
Published: August 2017

This article focuses on the experiences at two Methodist communities in the Pacific and their assertions of sovereignty from the 1920s to the 1960s. It explores the connections between two nodes of the Methodist Mission – Fiji and Australia’s Northern Territory – through one missionary, Kolinio Saukuru. While there were moments of great political mobilisation at each site, efforts to assert Indigenous land ownership and autonomy were hampered by persistent racialized views of the ‘native’ amongst missionaries and the colonial state. This article engages with questions emerging from the histories of colonial missions, particularly whether missions aligned with colonial administrations on strategies of governance. However, it also points to the need to think beyond national boundaries when studying mission histories. An examination of the Methodist Overseas Mission using a transnational framework illuminates a network of Indigenous people who worked to protect what some missionaries and anthropologists considered an Indigenous ‘birthright’: the land. This study therefore expands on the existing historiography of colonial missions, of Indigenous labour, and of land rights activism in Fiji and Australia’s north.
Adaptive Capacity to Extreme Heat: Results from a Household Survey in Houston, Texas
Authors: Hayden Mary H. , Wilhelmi Olga V. , Banerjee Deborah , Greasby Tamara , Cavanaugh Jamie L. , Nepal Vishnu , Boehnert Jennifer , Sain Stephan , Burghardt Crystal , Gower Stephanie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Extreme heat is the leading cause of weather-related mortality in the United States, suggesting the necessity for better understanding population vulnerability to extreme heat. The work presented here is part of a larger study examining vulnerability to extreme heat in current and future climates [System for Integrated Modeling of Metropolitan Extreme Heat Risk (SIMMER)] and was undertaken to assess Houston, Texas, residents’ adaptive capacity to extreme heat. A comprehensive, semistructured survey was conducted by telephone at 901 households in Houston in 2011. Frequency and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results show that 20% of the survey respondents reported heat-related symptoms in the summer of 2011 despite widespread air conditioning availability throughout Houston. Of those reporting heat-related symptoms experienced in the home (n = 56), the majority could not afford to use air conditioning because of the high cost of electricity. This research highlights the efficacy of community-based surveys to better understand adaptive capacity at the household level; this survey contextualizes population vulnerability and identifies more targeted intervention strategies and adaptation actions.
Assimilating Weather Data into a Digital Event Gazetteer of Airborne Parachute Operations during the French Indochina War
Authors: Kirk Johnathan P. , Cromley Gordon A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Modern datasets cataloging historical events, known as digital event gazetteers, feature spatiotemporal data regarding events that enable analysis through parameters including location and other descriptive information of those events. Weather and climate data represent two dimensions of spatiotemporal information, which can enhance understanding of historical events. A recently published digital event gazetteer of airborne parachute operations [opérations aéroportées (OAPs)] during and prior to the French Indochina War, spanning from 1945 to 1954, represents an opportunity to associate discrete historical events with weather information. This study outlines a methodology for assimilating weather data into the construct of a digital event gazetteer and then demonstrates example analyses of how the weather and climate conditions in Indochina may relate to OAPs during the war.
A synoptic classification, utilizing the self-organizing maps procedure, is performed using daily mean sea level pressure data from 1945 to 2010, from a twentieth-century reanalysis dataset, to characterize weather patterns over the Indochina Peninsula. Since observations are sparse during the years of the conflict, the resulting weather patterns are associated with modern precipitation observations in the area, as a representation of wet and dry patterns during the war. The appropriate daily weather pattern is then assigned to each OAP in order to investigate its relationship with the weather and climate patterns of Indochina, including the influence of monsoon seasons, and how the resulting precipitation patterns affected combat operations across the theater. Additionally, specific OAPs of various missions are analyzed to investigate how weather patterns may have affected operation planning during the French Indochina War.
Cardiac surgery score (CASUS) improves outcome prediction in patients treated with extracorporal life support (ECLS)
Authors: Hofmann Britt , Gmelin Moriz J. , Metz Dietrich , Raspé Christoph , Wienke Andreas , Treede Hendrik , Simm Andreas 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: The often-unexpected necessity of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) implies that information on patients and end-organ functions at time of implantation is scarce. However, there is a need for early prognostic indicators and a score predicting the outcome. Therefore, we evaluated established laboratory parameters and widely used intensive care scores - cardiac surgery score (CASUS) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) after ECLS implantation. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 90 consecutive adult patients with veno-arterial ECLS were included. Baseline demographic data, laboratory markers, CASUS and SOFA were acquired 12 h after ECLS implantation. Results: A total of 61 patients (67.8%) could be weaned from ECLS and 48 patients (53.3%) were discharged from hospital. Four patients were switched to a left ventricular assist device. The outcome did not depend on indication for ECLS. Furthermore, multivariable regression analysis identified lactate (OR=1.08; 95%CI: 1.01-1.26; p=0.03) and urine output (OR=0.99; 95%CI: 0.986-0.998; p=0.01) as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Evaluating intensive care scores, CASUS (AUROC=0.68; 95%CI: 0.57-0.77; p=0.002) had a higher prognostic relevance in comparison with SOFA (AUROC=0.58; 95%CI: 0.47-0.69; p=0.187). Conclusions: Our data indicate that lactate and urine output are early independent predictors for in-hospital mortality of ECLS patients. The CASUS proved to be a satisfactory evaluation tool with good prognostic abilities in these special patients.
Management of left renal vein compression in patients presenting left gonadal vein reflux
Authors: Leal Monedero Javier , Zubicoa Ezpeleta Santiago , Perrin Michel 
Published: August 2017

Background Compression of left renal vein is an atypical cause of reflux in pelvic veins resulting in pelvic varices that in turn causes frequently lower limb varices in many cases. Methods A monocentric study was undertaken to report the treatment and five-year follow up of patients presenting left renal vein compression. Embolization of refluxive gonadal/pelvic veins was performed generally as the initial procedure. Left renal vein stenting was performed in patients presenting haematuria, severe lumbar pain or persistent pelvic/lower limb varices after embolization. Results From 462 cases of left renal vein compression, 40 were treated by stenting as first procedure. Four hundred twenty-two were treated by gonadal/pelvic vein embolization and only 15 needed complementary stenting. After follow-up, all cases with haematuria had improved and lumbar pain was eliminated in 81.5%. Patients with recurrent or persistant varices were all improved. Conclusion Left renal vein stenting should be considered an effective and safe procedure, with demonstrated durable efficacy and safety and no evidence of restenosis.
Analysis of distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from the paediatric population in Shenmu Hospital from 2011–2015
Authors: Hui-min Yang , Yan-ping Wang , Lin Liu Yong , Shamsi Bilal Haider , Bo He , Xu-chun Meng 
Published: August 2017

Objective This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and changes in antibacterial susceptibility of children in Shenmu City, northern Shaanxi, and provide a basis for rational drug use. Methods The distribution and drug resistance pattern of pathogenic bacteria isolated from children were retrospectively analysed. Results A total of 573 strains of pathogens were cultivated. A total of 201 (35.07%) strains of Gram-positive cocci and 183 (31.93%) strains of Gram-negative cocci were detected. A total of 189 (32.98%) strains of fungi were detected. The resistance rate of Staphylococcus to penicillin was 100% and that to erythromycin was 90.69%. There were varying degrees of resistance to other drugs, but no single strain had vancomycin resistance. Gram-negative bacilli were generally resistant to ampicillin, but had low resistance to the combined preparation of enzyme inhibitors, quinolones, and aminoglycosides, and were highly sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogens of bacterial infection in the paediatric ward. Strengthening clinical monitoring of bacterial distribution in paediatric clinical isolates and understanding changes in drug resistance are important for guiding the rational use of antibiotics. These measures could also prevent emergence and spreading of resistant strains.
Temporal Trends in the Use of Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Esteve-Pastor María Asunción , Ruíz-Nodar Juan Miguel , Orenes-Piñero Esteban , Rivera-Caravaca José Miguel , Quintana-Giner Miriam , Véliz-Martínez Andrea , Tello-Montoliu Antonio , PerniasEscrig Vicente , Sandín Rollán Miriam , Vicente-Ibarra Nuria , MacíasVillanego Manuel Jesús , Candela Sánchez Elena , Carrillo Alemán Luna , Lozano Teresa , Valdés Mariano , Marín Francisco 
Published: August 2017

Background: Current clinical guidelines of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) recommend the use of potent antiplatelet therapy, prasugrel or ticagrelor, because both drugs consistently reduce cardiovascular events. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine temporal changes in the use of optimal antiplatelet therapy in patients with ACS. Methods: A total of 1717 consecutive patients admitted for ACS in 3 tertiary hospitals from February 2014 to December 2015 were enrolled. We divided these 23 months into 4 semesters: period I (0-5 months), period II (6-11 months), period III (12-17 months), and period IV (17-23 months). Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were collected both at admission and at discharge. Results: Treatment with clopidogrel remained constant throughout the periods (52%, 50%, 44%, and 50% for periods I, II, III, and IV, respectively), whereas a progressive increase in ticagrelor treatment was observed (15%, 25%, 26%, and 28%; P = .001). Indeed, new P2Y12 agents showed an increase from 47% at the first semester to 65% in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and in patients younger than 75 years from 36% to 53%. However, for patients older than 75 years, diabetic, and patients with end-stage kidney disease, clopidogrel was the second most commonly used antiplatelet agent. Conclusion: In this real-life registry of patients with ACS, we observed there is still a high rate of use of clopidogrel, despite guidelines recommendations, and our analyses also showed a trend toward the use of ticagrelor. Patients who received new antiplatelet agents were patients with STEMI, younger than 75 years, and with less comorbidities. However, the use of ticagrelor and prasugrel remains low, highlighting a therapeutic inertia with considerable gap between evidence-based clinical guidelines and daily clinical practice.
Pengaruh Suhu Sintering Pada Pembuatan Strontium Titanat (SrTiO3) Terhadap Konstanta Dielektrik Menggunakan Metode Co-Precipitation
Authors: Rofiko Husnah , Iriani Yofentina , Suryana Risa 
Published: August 2017

<p>Strontium Titanate (SrTiO<sub>3</sub>) with variation of sintering temperatures were prepared by co-precipitation methods. Sintering temperature were varied at 700<sup>o</sup>C, 800<sup>o</sup>C, and 900<sup>o</sup>C for 4 hours. SrTiO<sub>3</sub> samples were prepared by Strontium Nitrate and Titanium Tetrabutoxide. SrTiO<sub>3</sub> samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Resistance Capacitance Inductance (RCL) meter, and Sawyer Tower. SEM images show that the sintering temperatures could affect the grain size of SrTiO<sub>3</sub>. In addition, crystal size of SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (110) affected by sintering temperature. The highest of dielectric constant is 137 on SrTiO<sub>3</sub> at sintering temperature of 900<sup>o</sup>C. Sawyer Tower curves confirmed that SrTiO3 has paraelectric property.</p><p>Keyword: Strontium Titanate, Co-precipitation, dielectrics constant, paraelectrics</p><p> </p>
Learning lessons from local social/poverty impact assessment
Authors: McInerney Chris 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article examines the role of social/poverty impact assessment in contributing to the shaping of policy at a local level in Ireland. In doing so, it briefly describes the broader impact assessment landscape internationally, presenting key definitions and identifying underlying principles. From this the article highlights the key elements of social impact assessment, proposing a three-phase process to guide consideration of impact assessment, namely a pre-assessment phase, an assessment phase and a post-assessment phase. An analysis of these different phases then allows for a range of technical and more ‘theological’ assessment complexities to be presented. With this background in place, the article moves on to examine the local-level experience in Ireland. It acknowledges the highly innovative nature of poverty proofing as originally introduced in 1998 and retitled poverty impact assessment following a 2006 review by the Office for Social Inclusion. However, it points to the low level of engagement with poverty impact assessment processes at local level and suggests that poverty impact assessments have become largely subservient to other forms of impact assessment, particularly strategic environmental assessment. The article concludes that the local level does offer an important space for the practice of poverty impact assessment, but is unlikely to do so without the provision of appropriate capacity and resources, or without it being hardwired as a legislative obligation, albeit accompanied by mechanisms to sensitise and incentivise policymakers towards its usage.