bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal limitation drives successional pathways in Central Siberian forests under current and intensified fire regimes
Authors: Tautenhahn Susanne , Lichstein Jeremy W. , Jung Martin , Kattge Jens , Bohlman Stephanie A. , Heilmeier Hermann , Prokushkin Anatoly , Kahl Anja , Wirth Christian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFire is a primary driver of boreal forest dynamics. Intensifying fire regimes due to climate change may cause a shift in boreal forest composition toward reduced dominance of conifers and greater abundance of deciduous hardwoods, with potential biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks to regional and global climate. This shift has already been observed in some North American boreal forests and has been attributed to changes in site conditions. However, it is unknown if the mechanisms controlling fire‐induced changes in deciduous hardwood cover are similar among different boreal forests, which differ in the ecological traits of the dominant tree species. To better understand the consequences of intensifying fire regimes in boreal forests, we studied postfire regeneration in five burns in the Central Siberian dark taiga, a vast but poorly studied boreal region. We combined field measurements, dendrochronological analysis, and seed‐source maps derived from high‐resolution satellite images to quantify the importance of site conditions (e.g., organic layer depth) vs. seed availability in shaping postfire regeneration. We show that dispersal limitation of evergreen conifers was the main factor determining postfire regeneration composition and density. Site conditions had significant but weaker effects. We used information on postfire regeneration to develop a classification scheme for successional pathways, representing the dominance of deciduous hardwoods vs. evergreen conifers at different successional stages. We estimated the spatial distribution of different successional pathways under alternative fire regime scenarios. Under intensified fire regimes, dispersal limitation of evergreen conifers is predicted to become more severe, primarily due to reduced abundance of surviving seed sources within burned areas. Increased dispersal limitation of evergreen conifers, in turn, is predicted to increase the prevalence of successional pathways dominated by deciduous hardwoods. The likely fire‐induced shift toward greater deciduous hardwood cover may affect climate–vegetation feedbacks via surface albedo, Bowen ratio, and carbon cycling.
Ecological and methodological drivers of species’ distribution and phenology responses to climate change
Authors: Brown Christopher J. , O'Connor Mary I. , Poloczanska Elvira S. , Schoeman David S. , Buckley Lauren B. , Burrows Michael T. , Duarte Carlos M. , Halpern Benjamin S. , Pandolfi John M. , Parmesan Camille , Richardson Anthony J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractClimate change is shifting species’ distribution and phenology. Ecological traits, such as mobility or reproductive mode, explain variation in observed rates of shift for some taxa. However, estimates of relationships between traits and climate responses could be influenced by how responses are measured. We compiled a global data set of 651 published marine species’ responses to climate change, from 47 papers on distribution shifts and 32 papers on phenology change. We assessed the relative importance of two classes of predictors of the rate of change, ecological traits of the responding taxa and methodological approaches for quantifying biological responses. Methodological differences explained 22% of the variation in range shifts, more than the 7.8% of the variation explained by ecological traits. For phenology change, methodological approaches accounted for 4% of the variation in measurements, whereas 8% of the variation was explained by ecological traits. Our ability to predict responses from traits was hindered by poor representation of species from the tropics, where temperature isotherms are moving most rapidly. Thus, the mean rate of distribution change may be underestimated by this and other global syntheses. Our analyses indicate that methodological approaches should be explicitly considered when designing, analysing and comparing results among studies. To improve climate impact studies, we recommend that (1) reanalyses of existing time series state how the existing data sets may limit the inferences about possible climate responses; (2) qualitative comparisons of species’ responses across different studies be limited to studies with similar methodological approaches; (3) meta‐analyses of climate responses include methodological attributes as covariates; and (4) that new time series be designed to include the detection of early warnings of change or ecologically relevant change. Greater consideration of methodological attributes will improve the accuracy of analyses that seek to quantify the role of climate change in species’ distribution and phenology changes.
Safety and efficacy of factor XI (FXI) concentrate use in patients with FXI deficiency: a single‐centre experience of 19 years.
Authors: Ling G. , Kagdi H. , Subel B. , Chowdary P. , Gomez K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimFactor XI (FXI) concentrate is a pooled human plasma‐derived factor concentrate used as replacement therapy for patients with FXI deficiency, which provides a predictable response and consistent haemostatic cover in emergency or elective situations. It has previously been implicated in adverse events such as thrombosis and inhibitor formation, with rare case reports of fatal incidents.We sought to establish the incidence of such complications in a retrospective case series between 1994 and 2012 at the Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre at Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.MethodsPatients who received FXI concentrate had their medical records reviewed to extract information and specific adverse events recorded such as failure of treatment with further bleeding, suspected viral transfusion transmitted infection (TTI), thrombosis or inhibitor formation.ResultsEighty‐six patients received 242 treatment episodes of FXI concentrate. Ninety percent of treatment episodes were covered with BPL FXI concentrate and 10% with LFB Hemoleven. Twelve (5%) adverse events were recorded, with eight (3.3%) of all treatment episodes were related to persistent bleeding postconcentrate infusion and there were 4 (1.7%) non‐bleeding adverse events. No viral TTIs were identified. There were two recorded inhibitors, one thrombotic event (central retinal artery occlusion) and one transfusion reaction. No patient suffering an adverse event resulted in long‐term morbidity.ConclusionOur experience of FXI concentrate use demonstrates infrequent minor adverse events related to its administration and is a safe product to use.
HISTORY, TIME, AND TEMPORALITY IN A GLOBAL FRAME: ABDALLAH LAROUI'S HISTORICAL EPISTEMOLOGY OF HISTORY
Authors: RIECKEN NILS 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this essay I discuss key elements of an original and hitherto neglected contribution by the Moroccan historian, intellectual, and theorist Abdallah Laroui to historical theory in a global frame: his historical epistemology of history and his theory of time and temporalities. I argue that Laroui develops a relational and dialectical form of translation that allows for translating between multiple forms of representing history and time. His attention to temporal logics across different bodies of historical thought enables him to translate concepts of history and time across putatively given “cultural” differences of “Western,” “Islamic,” and “Muslim” forms of historical thought. By unraveling these representations of difference as situated representations of time, he usefully historicizes the very conditions of observing historical difference. Besides outlining Laroui's approach, which I characterize as a situated universalism, I trace how his outlook on historical theory is shaped by his particular location in a postcolonial Muslim society and in a complex relation to “the modern West.” Laroui understands his own location in postcolonial Morocco in dialectical terms as characterized by the interdependence of the local and the global, the indigenous and the exogenous, and the particular and the universal. It is his confrontation with multiple bodies of historical thought that pushes him toward a concern with problems of location, positionality, conceptual translation, and self‐reflexivity leading to his engagement with epistemic frames and situated temporalities. Crucially, his epistemology of history and his theory of time and temporalities constitute a powerful critique of the temporal presuppositions of centrist views of history and time as self‐contained beyond the Moroccan context. Laroui's situated universalism, I conclude, helps to rethink the problem of historical difference beyond the limits of centrist accounts and within a global frame.
HISTORICAL THEORY THROUGH A PERUVIAN LOOKING GLASS
Authors: THURNER MARK 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article for the theme issue on “Historical Theory in a Global Frame,” I argue that “Peru” is a “historical theory in a global frame.” The theory or, as I prefer, theoretical event, named Peru was born global in an early colonial “abyss of history” and elaborated in the writings of colonial and postcolonial Peruvian historians. I suggest that the looking glass held up by Peruvian historiography is of great potential significance for historical theory at large, since it is a two‐way passageway between the ancient and the modern, the Old World and the New, the East and the West. This slippery passageway enabled some Peruvian historians to move stealthily along the bloody cutting‐edge of global history, at times anticipating and at others debunking well‐known developments in “European” historical theory. Today, a reconnaissance of Peruvian history's inner recesses may pay dividends for a historical theory that would return to its colonial and global origins.
IN AND OUT OF THE WEST: ON THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF CHINESE HISTORICAL THEORY
Authors: ZHANG XUPENG 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn ancient China, dissatisfaction with the official compilation of histories gave rise, in time, to reflections on what makes a good historian, as well as on such issues as the factuality and objectivity of history‐writing, the relationship between rhetoric and reality, and the value of historians’ subjectivity. From these reflections arose a unique set of historiographical concepts. With the coming of modern times, the urgent task of building a nation‐state forced Chinese historians to borrow heavily from Western historical theories in their effort to construct a new history compatible with modernity. A tension thus arose between Western theory and Chinese history. The newly founded People's Republic embraced the materialist conception of history as the authoritative guideline for historical studies, which increased the tension. The decline of the materialist conception of history in the period since China's reform and opening up in the late 1970s and, with this development, the increasing plurality of theories, have not exactly lessened Chinese historians’ keenly felt anxiety when they confront Western theories. For Chinese historians, the current state of affairs with respect to theory is not exactly an extension of Western theories, nor is it a regression to the particularity of Chinese history completely outside the Western compass. Rather, a certain hybridity with respect to theory provides to Chinese historians a way to move both in and out of the West, as well as an opportunity for them to make their own contributions to Western history on the basis of borrowed Western theories.
WRITING HISTORY IN COLONIAL TIMES: POLEMIC AND THE RECOVERY OF SELF IN LATE NINETEENTH‐CENTURY SOUTH INDIA
Authors: MENON DILIP M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis essay looks at two early texts by a Hindu religious figure, Chattampi Svamikal (1853–1924), from Kerala, the southwestern region of India. Kristumatachhedanam (1890) [A Refutation of Christianity] and Pracina Malayalam (1899) [The Ancient Malayalam Region] draw upon a variety of sources across space and time: the echoes of contemporary debates across India and Empire as much as the detritus of the Enlightenment contest between rationalism and religion in Europe. Does the location of the text in “colonial India” exhaust the space‐time of its imagination? The essay argues for a porous rather than a hermetic understanding; the “text” was a supplement to the actual verbal confrontation on street corners and arguments in ephemeral print. The real question is how can historians write postnational histories of thinking? How should we engage with times other than the putatively regnant homogeneous, empty time of empire or nation? I argue that there is an immanent time in texts (arising from the conventions and protocols of the form, the predilections of the thinker, and imagined affinities with ideas coming from other times and places) that exceeds the historical time of the text.
BRAZILIAN HISTORICAL WRITING IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: ON THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF “HISTORIOGRAPHY”
Authors: DE FARIA PEREIRA MATEUS HENRIQUE , CRISTOVÃO DOS SANTOS PEDRO AFONSO , NICODEMO THIAGO LIMA 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis article assesses the meanings of the term “historiography” in Brazilian historiography from the late nineteenth century to circa 1950, suggesting that its use plays an essential role in the process of the disciplinarization and legitimation of history as a discipline. The global‐scale comparison, taking into consideration occurrences of the term in German, Spanish, and French, reveals that use of the term took place simultaneously worldwide. The term “historiography” underwent a significant change globally, having become independent from the modern concept of history, shifting away from the political and social dimensions of the writing of history in the nineteenth century and unfolding into a metacritical concept. Such a process enables historians to technically distinguish at least three semantic modulations of the term: 1. history as a living experience; 2. the writing or narration of history; and 3. the critical study of historical narratives. Based on the Brazilian experience, it is possible to think of the “historiography” category as an index of the transformations of the modern concept of history itself between the 1870s and 1940s, a period of intense modification of the experience and expectations of the writing of professional historical scholarship on a global scale.
BETWEEN AFFECT AND HISTORY: SOVEREIGNTY AND ORDINARY LIFE AT AKWESASNE, 1929–1942
Authors: CLEMENTS CHRISTOPHER 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis essay seeks to recover the ordinary and its analytical and decolonial potential within the extraordinary conditions created by settler colonialism. To do so, it investigates moments when Mohawks at Akwesasne, a community that straddles the US–Canada border, refused to acknowledge settler authority, paying particular attention to the relationship between their refusals and the condition of ordinary life. This article also considers the historical challenge of how to preserve moments of experience and their complex meanings without enveloping them in broader narratives dominated, in this case, by questions of sovereignty. How do theories of sovereignty affect the production of history, and what constraints do they place on our ability to narrate Indigenous experiences? What if we cast away the two narratives that dominate tellings of Indigenous histories: that of a settler crisis over control and that of an age‐old struggle for sovereignty? Is it possible, or useful, to differentiate between acts focused primarily on maintaining the contours of ordinary, everyday life—expressions of lateral agency less about the “long haul” than about the here‐and‐now—and deliberate acts of political engagement, consciously aimed at the structural inequality undergirding a particular situation? Through a deep historical treatment of several moments within Akwesasne's early twentieth‐century history, this essay proposes and attempts to execute a methodology that draws together multiple theories of affect and sovereignty.
RABINDRANATH AND RABINDRANATH TAGORE: HOME, WORLD, HISTORY
Authors: GHOSH RANJAN 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis article, through a close reading of Rabindranath Tagore's writings on history, tries to develop his theory of history and establish the character of his historical consciousness. Tagore's philosophy of history is distinguished from Western models of historical thinking and is resistant to aligning with nationalist and revivalistic narratives that speak only of one culture, one nation, and one community. The article works out a theoretical premise based on Tagore's engagement with time, historical distance, the everyday, history as life‐view, historical fiction, historicality in literature, and the notion of the historical‐now or presentism. Substantiated by the notion of a “poet‐historian,” Tagore's historical theory works at the limits of “global history,” which is now often misappropriated through the principles of unifocality and bounded rationality. The article develops Tagore's sense of itihasa that frees history from the univocality of world history, creates its own “worlding,” its historicality, enriching and disturbing our notions of global history.
A fuzzy logic model for differential diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunctions
Authors: Lopes Maria HBM , D'Ancona Carlos AL , Ortega Neli RS , Silveira Paulo SP , Faleiros‐Martins Anna C , Marin Heimar F 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTLower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD) restrict quality of life, resulting in decreased work productivity and emotional well‐being. However, most people are not diagnosed because they do not seek medical treatment. In addition, some facilities do not adequately train health professionals in the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. The study's objective was to develop a decision support system modelled on fuzzy logic that defines LUTD using the terminology of the International Continence Society. This methodological study aimed to develop a model that uses the maximum–minimum composition (max–min) of fuzzy relations that can perform differential diagnoses of LUTD. The model was tested in 100 cases (50 men and 50 women), and the data were obtained from medical records containing the clinical data and results of urodynamic studies. All medical records were reviewed by a specialist in urology. The model was capable of determining a diagnosis in full (62%) or partial (36%) agreement with the medical report. Agreement between the model and the medical report was excellent (kappa = 0·98, p ≪ 0·001, CI = 0·88–1) or substantial (kappa = 0·53, p ≪ 0·001, CI = 0·45–0·60), considering overestimative accordance (where accordance is assumed when at least one diagnosis is equal) and underestimative accordance (where accordance is assumed when all diagnoses are equal), respectively. The proposed model based on the max–min composition of fuzzy relationships is very simple and performed well. However, more tests are recommended before the model is used as a decision support system.
Proposed cut‐off values of the waist circumference for metabolic syndrome based on visceral fat volume in a Japanese population
Authors: Tsukiyama Hidekazu , Nagai Yoshio , Matsubara Fumiaki , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Iwamoto Teruaki , Yamanouchi Eigoro , Sada Yukiyoshi , Kato Hiroyuki , Ohta Akio , Tanaka Yasushi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAim/IntroductionWaist circumference (WC) is the most important parameter for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The present study was carried out to obtain optimal WC cut‐off values for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in a Japanese population based on the measurement of total intra‐abdominal visceral fat volume (VFV), which could be expected to reflect visceral obesity more precisely than visceral fat area.Materials and MethodsA total of 405 Japanese persons undergoing health screening were investigated. visceral fat volume was calculated from the data in 700–800 computed tomography slices from the top of the liver to the floor of the pelvic cavity. Then, receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the cut‐off value of the VFV/height ratio. Subsequently, the corresponding WC value was obtained by linear regression analysis.ResultsThe cut‐off value of the VFV/height ratio was 2,317 cm3/m in men and 1,425 cm3/m in women. The sensitivity and specificity of the ratio were 52.9 and 86.4% in men vs 63.4 and 82.2% in women, respectively. The corresponding cut‐off value of WC was 86.0 cm in men and 80.9 cm in women.ConclusionsThe proposed cut‐off values of WC for metabolic syndrome are 85 cm in Japanese men and 80 cm in Japanese women.
Administration of low dose estrogen attenuates gliosis and protects neurons in acute spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Samantaray Supriti , Das Arabinda , Matzelle Denise C. , Yu Shan P. , Wei Ling , Varma Abhay , Ray Swapan K. , Banik Naren L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition with neurological deficits and loss of motor function that, depending on the severity, may lead to paralysis. The only treatment currently available is methylprednisolone, which is widely used and renders limited efficacy in SCI. Therefore, other therapeutic agents must be developed. The neuroprotective efficacy of estrogen in SCI was studied with a pre‐clinical and pro‐translational perspective. Acute SCI was induced in rats that were treated with low doses of estrogen (1, 5, 10, or 100 μg/kg) and compared with vehicle‐treated injured rats or laminectomy control (sham) rats at 48 h post‐SCI. Changes in gliosis and other pro‐inflammatory responses, expression and activity of proteolytic enzymes (e.g., calpain, caspase‐3), apoptosis of neurons in SCI, and cell death were monitored via Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Negligible pro‐inflammatory responses or proteolytic events and very low levels of neuronal death were found in sham rats. In contrast, vehicle‐treated SCI rats showed profound pro‐inflammatory responses with reactive gliosis, elevated expression and activity of calpain and caspase‐3, elevated Bax:Bcl‐2 ratio, and high levels of neuronal death in lesion and caudal regions of the injured spinal cord. Estrogen treatment at each dose reduced pro‐inflammatory and proteolytic activities and protected neurons in the caudal penumbra in acute SCI. Estrogen treatment at 10 μg was found to be as effective as 100 μg in ameliorating the above parameters in injured animals. Results from this investigation indicated that estrogen at a low dose could be a promising therapeutic agent for treating acute SCI.
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Experimental studies with low dose estrogen therapy in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) demonstrated the potential for multi‐active beneficial outcomes. Estrogen has been found to ameliorate several degenerative pathways following SCI. Thus, such early protective effects may even lead to functional recovery in long term injury. Studies are underway in chronic SCI in a follow up manuscript.