bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Population History of Domestic Sheep Revealed by Paleogenomes
Authors: Kaptan Damla , Atağ Gözde , Vural Kıvılcım Başak , Morell Miranda Pedro , Akbaba Ali , Yüncü Eren , Buluktaev Aleksey , Abazari Mohammad Foad , Yorulmaz Sevgi , Kazancı Duygu Deniz , Küçükakdağ Doğu Ayça , Çakan Yasin Gökhan , Özbal Rana , Gerritsen Fokke , De Cupere Bea , Duru Refik , Umurtak Gülsün , Arbuckle Benjamin S , Baird Douglas , Çevik Özlem , Bıçakçı Erhan , Gündem Can Yumni , Pişkin Evangelia , Hachem Lamys , Canpolat Kayra , Fakhari Zohre , Ochir-Goryaeva Maria , Kukanova Viktoria , Valipour Hamid Reza , Hoseinzadeh Javad , Küçük Baloğlu Fatma , Götherström Anders , Hadjisterkotis Eleftherios , Grange Thierry , Geigl Eva-Maria , Togan İnci Z , Günther Torsten , Somel Mehmet , Özer Füsun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sheep was one of the first domesticated animals in Neolithic West Eurasia. The zooarchaeological record suggests that domestication first took place in Southwest Asia, although much remains unresolved about the precise location(s) and timing(s) of earliest domestication, or the post-domestication history of sheep. Here, we present 24 new partial sheep paleogenomes, including a 13,000-year-old Epipaleolithic Central Anatolian wild sheep, as well as 14 domestic sheep from Neolithic Anatolia, two from Neolithic Iran, two from Neolithic Iberia, three from Neolithic France, and one each from Late Neolithic/Bronze Age Baltic and South Russia, in addition to five present-day Central Anatolian Mouflons and two present-day Cyprian Mouflons. We find that Neolithic European, as well as domestic sheep breeds, are genetically closer to the Anatolian Epipaleolithic sheep and the present-day Anatolian and Cyprian Mouflon than to the Iranian Mouflon. This supports a Central Anatolian source for domestication, presenting strong evidence for a domestication event in SW Asia outside the Fertile Crescent, although we cannot rule out multiple domestication events also within the Neolithic Fertile Crescent. We further find evidence for multiple admixture and replacement events, including one that parallels the Pontic Steppe-related ancestry expansion in Europe, as well as a post-Bronze Age event that appears to have further spread Asia-related alleles across global sheep breeds. Our findings mark the dynamism of past domestic sheep populations in their potential for dispersal and admixture, sometimes being paralleled by their shepherds and in other cases not.
Recent and Recurrent Autopolyploidization Fueled Diversification of Snow Carp on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Xinxin , Wang Min , Zou Ming , Guan Xiaotong , Xu Shaohua , Chen Weitao , Wang Chongnv , Chen Yiyu , He Shunping , Guo Baocheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidization, is a major contributor to biodiversity. However, the establishment and survival of WGDs are often considered to be stochastic, since elucidating the processes of WGD establishment remains challenging. In the current study, we explored the processes leading to polyploidy establishment in snow carp (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae), a predominant component of the ichthyofauna of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas. Using large-scale genomic data from isoform sequencing, we analyzed ohnolog genealogies and divergence in hundreds to thousands of gene families across major snow carp lineages. Our findings demonstrated that independent autopolyploidization subsequent to speciation was prevalent, while autopolyploidization followed by speciation also occurred in the diversification of snow carp. This was further supported by matrilineal divergence and drainage evolution evidence. Contrary to the long-standing hypothesis that ancient polyploidization preceded the diversification of snow carp, we determined that polyploidy in extant snow carp was established by recurrent autopolyploidization events during the Pleistocene. These findings indicate that the diversification of extant snow carp resembles a coordinated duet: first, the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau orchestrated the biogeography and diversification of their diploid progenitors; then, the extensive Pliocene–Pleistocene climate changes acted as relay runners, further fueling diversification through recurrent autopolyploidization. Overall, this study not only reveals a hitherto unrecognized recent WGD lineage in vertebrates but also advances current understanding of WGD processes, emphasizing that WGD establishment is a nonstochastic event, emerging from numerous adaptations to environmental challenges and recurring throughout evolutionary history rather than merely in plants.
LncPepAtlas: a comprehensive resource for exploring the translational landscape of long non-coding RNAs
Authors: Zhou Xinyuan , Qin Yanxia , Li Jiangxue , Fan Linyuan , Zhang Shun , Zhang Bing , Wu Luoxuan , Gao Anwei , Yang Yongsan , Lv Xueqin , Guo Bingzhou , Sun Liang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs were commonly viewed as non-coding elements. However, they are increasingly recognized for their ability to be translated into proteins, thereby playing a significant role in various cellular processes and diseases. With developments in biotechnology and computational algorithms, a range of novel approaches are being applied to investigate the translation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs). Herein, we developed the LncPepAtlas database (http://www.cnitbiotool.net/LncPepAtlas/), which aims to compile multiple evidences for the translation of lncRNAs and annotations for the upstream regulation of lncRNAs across various species. LncPepAtlas integrated compelling evidence from nine distinct sources for the translation of lncRNAs. These include a dataset comprising 2631 publicly available Ribo-seq samples from nine species, which has been collected and analysed. LncPepAtlas offers extensive annotation for lncRNA upstream regulation and expression profiles across various cancers, tissues or cell lines at transcriptional and translational levels. Importantly, it enables novel antigen predictions for lncRNA-encoded peptides. By identifying numerous peptide candidates that could potentially bind to major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules, this work may provide new insights into cancer immunotherapy. The function of peptides were inferred by aligning them with experimentally detected proteins. LncPepAtlas aims to become a convenient resource for exploring translatable lncRNAs.
Giulia Gonzaga
Authors: Russell Camilla 
Published: October 2024

Giulia Gonzaga (b. 1513–d. 1566) was a celebrated and controversial figure during her lifetime: she was a leading protagonist in late-Italian Renaissance culture and above all in the religious upheavals that gripped Europe during the sixteenth century. Born in Gazzuolo near Mantua in northern Italy, she was a member of the powerful Gonzaga family (from a cadet branch of Mantua’s ruling dynasty); in her role as duchess of Gaeta and Fondi, as the young widow of Vespasiano Colonna (d. 1528; they married in 1526), from the Colonna family castle at Fondi (between Rome and Naples), her court attracted many visitors and admirers (including Ippolito de’ Medici, destined instead for the cardinal’s hat and an early death by suspected poisoning): Sebastiano del Piombo painted her portrait and poetic and prose works lauded her beauty and chronicled her narrow nocturnal escape from one of the frequent coastal raids of the corsair Khair ad-dīn (or Barbarossa, in 1534), who landed at Fondi apparently with the intention of capturing Gonzaga for the harem of Sulemein I. As the result of a bitter inheritance dispute with her almost coetaneous stepdaughter Isabella Colonna, Gonzaga’s permanent move to Naples, in 1535, to the Clarissan convent San Francesco alle Monache (where she won papal dispensation to reside without taking the veil), marked the beginning of her most noteworthy role as a member, patron, and leader of the religious heterodox reforming circle known as the spirituali. Their leader, Spanish religious exile Juan de Valdés (who assisted Gonzaga in her legal dispute with her stepdaughter) brought a distinctive spiritual outlook, while his many religious writings and commentaries attracted scores of (especially elite) followers in the mid-1530s, first among whom was Gonzaga. Their religious circle at Naples was part of a wider confluence of ideas and like-minded people, including many women, who were based at various locations across Italy, such as Viterbo, Modena, Venice, and Rome, under the leadership of the likes of Reginald Pole, Giovanni Morone, and Gasparo Contarini. From the early 1540s, the spirituali became the focus of suspicion from the newly reinstated Roman Inquisition because of their ideas’ resemblance to the teachings of Martin Luther and John Calvin, especially the doctrine of justification by faith alone through grace and, in some cases, predestination. After the death of Valdés in 1541, Gonzaga assumed leadership of the Neapolitan circle and became custodian and promoter of spirituali writings, many of which she had published: she was also a protector of various members, especially the Florentine noble Pietro Carnesecchi, whose correspondence with Gonzaga provided the main evidence at his heresy trial and execution by the Roman Inquisition in 1567, one year after Gonzaga’s death, in Naples, in 1566. Since Gonzaga outlived many of her spirituali peers and remained in Italy while some of her associates fled over the Alps to Protestant lands, Gonzaga stands as an important example of the persistence of heterodox reformist tendencies in Italy during the Tridentine era.
Hand therapy interventions for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy of the hands in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jameson Gayle S , Cooper Cynthia , Snyder Courtney , Buchanan Sharon M , Strelish Terri , Shearon Tania , Von Hoff Daniel D , Bay Curt , Hull Lynne , Kaatz Lorilyn A , Borazanci Erkut H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a common problem, can impair function and quality of life in patients, potentially limiting chemotherapy and adversely affecting outcomes.

Methods
This trial compared investigational hand therapy intervention (Investigational) compared with a traditional occupational therapy approach (Traditional) to prevent CIPN in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine and albumin-bound paclitaxel containing regimens.

Results
forty-nine patients were enrolled with 40 evaluable for statistical analysis (21 Investigational/19 Traditional). CIPN in the hands was reported in 6 patients (28.6%) in Investigational, and 4 (21.1%) in Traditional P = .721. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a mean time-to-event of 76.0 days (90% CI: 68.5, 83.6), and 75.8 (90% CI: 68.5, 83.2) days respectively, P = .614. Fifteen patients in each group (78.9% Traditional, 71.4% in Investigational) were censored as they did not develop CIPN. No correlation was found between CIPN risk and age, sex, BMI, disease stage, performance status, or chemotherapy dose.

Conclusion
Seventy-four percent of patients receiving gemcitabine, albumin-bound paclitaxel, and cisplatin did not develop CIPN of the hands by day 84. There was no statistical difference in time to onset of CIPN between the two groups. Early adaption of occupational therapy may prevent early onset CIPN in chemotherapy patients.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT05374876.
Epistemic Communities and IMF Policy
Authors: Abraham John 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the integral role of epistemic communities in shaping International Monetary Fund (IMF) policy, particularly in periods of global economic crisis. It first traces how shifts in Fund policy following the Asian Financial Crisis, facilitated in part by epistemic communities, subsequently shaped how the Fund responded to the Global Financial Crisis. This included an evolution of the IMF’s focus from the fiscal soundness of individual economies to a broader emphasis on the resilience of the global economy. These lessons, again reinforced by epistemic communities, helped shape the Fund’s radical policy proposals during the Global Covid-19 Pandemic. The chapter concludes with an analysis of what role epistemic communities will play as the IMF engages in future global policy challenges.
Transforming IMF-Civil Society Relations
Authors: Daar Nadia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) holds significant influence in the global economy and disproportionate influence over lower income countries vis-à-vis its policy prescriptions, economic surveillance, and financing. Despite an increase in openness over the years, this public institution continues to be characterized by imbalanced decision-making and a lack of accountability. Civil society organizations (CSOs) have long engaged the IMF in an attempt to promote transparency, shape, or challenge programs and policies including risky austerity-based economic policies in particular, and hold the institution accountable. This chapter discusses the history of the relationship between civil society and the IMF, examines the dynamics between them, and provides recommendations for improving engagement and the relationship.
The IMF, Financial Regulation, and Capital Controls
Authors: Breen Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The debate surrounding the extent to which countries should employ capital controls and financial regulation remains a key concern for governments and international organizations. This chapter examines the International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s perspective on this matter. While new developments in economic theory play an important role in shaping the IMF’s views, changes in its policies are gradual. These are often influenced by shifting global economic conditions, political differences among its members, and varying perspectives among its staff. This dynamic is illustrated through an exploration of three IMF instruments: its Institutional View on Capital Flow Liberalization and Management; its stance on macroprudential policy; and the Financial Sector Assessment Program.
From Volcker to Volcker
Authors: Ban Cornel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
How did the International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s monetary policy change between the Great Moderation and the transformative processes that followed the Great Recession? This chapter suggests that monetarism inspired some of the Fund’s monetary policy thinking during the Great Moderation. During the 2000s, the intellectual bases of this orthodox monetary policy became eroded, with the Great Recession pushing for revisions in the entire macro-financial framework. The pandemic reinforced this revisionism but the inflationary crisis of 2022 seems to have brought about a return to monetary orthodoxy. Key to all these transformations has been the Fund’s strategy to highlight both continuity and change while reserving the jurisdiction to define the resolution of the policy trade-offs that emerge along the way.
Getting Serious about Mainstreaming Gender at the IMF
Authors: Goyal Rishi , Sahay Ratna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s 2022 “Strategy toward Mainstreaming Gender” calls for an intentional and systematic approach to integrating gender into macroeconomic policies to foster strong, sustainable, and inclusive growth. This chapter argues that the IMF is filling a critical gap by mainstreaming gender into its work because closing gender gaps goes hand-in-hand with higher economic growth, greater financial stability, and lower income inequality. It outlines the IMF’s vision and the four pillars of its strategy and reports on the progress made so far in implementing the strategy and the work ahead. It also provides a conceptual framework for understanding the links between gender gaps and economic outcomes and how gender-responsive policies can narrow gender gaps and improve macroeconomic outcomes.
The IMF’s Work on Labor Markets
Authors: Loungani Prakash , Ahir Hites , Mate Akos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s approach to labor markets and policy recommendations between the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the contrasting positions of neoliberal and progressive perspectives on labor market efficiency and equity, as well as their attitudes toward globalization. The chapter analyzes the IMF’s advice on labor market flexibility, fiscal policy, and macroeconomic policies. It also discusses the reactions to the IMF’s work from progressive circles. The chapter provides insights into the IMF’s efforts to balance efficiency and equity considerations, particularly in advanced economies and emerging markets. Additionally, it explores the IMF’s work on distributional outcomes and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on labor markets.
Strengthening the IMF for the 21st Century
Authors: Lopez-Claros Augusto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the context of important structural shifts in the global economy, including the emergence of China as the world’s largest economy and the changing dynamics of international trade. It addresses the challenges posed by fiscal pressures, population aging, rising debt levels, and the need for financing the transition to a global renewable energy economy. The chapter explores governance issues, such as voting powers and lending capacity, and proposes measures to improve the IMF’s effectiveness in crisis prevention and resolution. It also highlights the need to enhance the IMF’s surveillance function to address the systemic risks posed by bigger and richer countries.
IMF Crisis Management
Authors: Pazarbasioglu Ceyla , Meads Neil 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in the aftermath of the Great Depression to strengthen international cooperation and development. This chapter highlights the Fund as a learning institution, willing to adapt its core functions in response to the evolving global economic landscape and the challenges its members face. The chapter analyzes the Fund’s response to the challenges posed by the Global Financial Crisis and the pandemic. In both crises, the Fund served an important role through agile policy and financial support—emergency financing, program augmentations, Special Drawing Rights allocations—to its members. This bought time for the underlying causes of countries’ challenges to be better understood and appropriately addressed. The crises also highlighted the importance of having strong, well resourced, adaptable multilateral institutions to bring countries together to address global goals and challenges. Ensuring that the Fund retains appropriate financial and staffing resources is a key global public good.
Markets and Financiers
Authors: Stone Randall W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs have to reassure financial markets in order to succeed and often rely on major banks for supplemental financing. Furthermore, major banks have substantial policy influence in their home countries, and US banks are the primary supporters of the IMF in Congress. The US government exerts substantial informal influence over the IMF and uses that influence to press for policies that US banks prefer. Indeed, this informal influence tends to undermine the credibility of the IMF’s loans-for-reform contracts with countries that are important borrowers from US banks. Countries that open their financial systems under IMF programs use their regulatory discretion to privilege acquisitions by US banks.
Election Emergencies
Authors: Morley Michael T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Natural disasters, pandemics, and other crises that occur shortly before, or during, an election can interfere with the conduct of voting, create unconstitutional burdens on voting rights, and undermine the legitimacy of the results. Usually, modifications to some of the rules governing the electoral process are sufficient to address the problem and allow the election to proceed. In more severe cases, however, a postponement or extension of the election may be necessary. As the Supreme Court has recognized, election postponements are a much more serious remedy than modifications; even in constitutional cases, a federal court may order an election postponement or extension only if there are no modifications that would alleviate the problems. In extremely rare cases, an emergency may be so severe that the election must be cancelled, and a new one held at a later date. States should adopt election emergency laws to ensure that election officials have adequate authority to respond to unexpected crises. States’ existing election emergency laws range from thorough to virtually nonexistent. When crafting such statutes, legislatures must attempt to offer all eligible voters an adequate opportunity to vote safely and without unreasonable burdens, while minimizing the possibility for mistake, confusion, fraud, or other irregularity and preserving public confidence in the electoral process and its results. States should also identify “redlines”—steps election officials may not take, even in the course of an emergency. Election emergency statutes are a critical part of a robust election system.
Political Parties and Primary Elections
Authors: Sellers Joshua S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces political parties’ rights with respect to primary elections. It describes the history of primaries, including the aspirations of Progressive era reformers who introduced direct primaries as a means of democratizing candidate selection processes. It then provides a taxonomy of party primaries, before detailing the ways in which primaries have been central in shaping election law doctrine pertaining to political parties. The chapter includes an overview of both the White Primary Cases and the current caselaw defining the scope of party rights. The final section summarizes some of the scholarly debates over the significance and role of party primaries, and references some proposed alternatives.
Campaign Contributions
Authors: Kuhner Timothy K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the law of campaign contributions (i.e., political donations) with a focus on inequality, constitutional interpretation, and systemic corruption. From the latter part of the nineteenth century to the present era, the political access and influence obtained through private financial contributions have been a focal point of scandals, legislative reforms, and philosophical debates over the rightful operation of the American form of government. From 1976 to the present day, the Supreme Court has often had the last word on these reforms and debates. During this same period of time, economic inequality and the cost of elections have both risen to the highest levels found in any advanced democracy. Evidence of political inequality on the basis of wealth has also mounted during this period, leading to allegations of “oligarchy” and “plutocracy” by mainstream commentators. These concerns have increased sharply in the Roberts Court era (2005 – the present), as the Court’s new conservative majority has repeatedly struck down campaign finance laws by applying an increasingly militant free-market theory of the Constitution. This chapter analyzes the importance of the law of contributions through the interdisciplinary lens of economic inequality, political inequality, democratic integrity, and judicial ideology. It finds that political inequality on the basis of wealth has been legitimized and entrenched by the highest court in the land, and that constitutional reforms would be required to maintain sensible regulations on contributions.