bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Fish Drive Recreational Fishing License Sales?
Authors: Hunt Len M. , Bannister Allison E. , Drake D. Andrew R. , Fera Shannon A. , Johnson Timothy B. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Management agencies need to understand the factors that influence fishing license purchases. While traits such as gender can influence the decisions of recreational fishers, a gap remains in understanding the influence of catch-related fishing quality on these decisions. We evaluated the use of fish biomass density as a proxy for catch-related fishing quality along with non-catch-related factors (population density, gender, and ethnicity) to explain variation in 2014 resident fishing license rates across 510 origins in Ontario. License rates were higher in areas with lower population density (i.e., rural areas), in areas with higher fish biomass density, and among populations with stronger representation by ethnic majorities. From simulated scenarios, we predicted that resident license sales could increase between 14% and 25% if fish biomass density increased by 30% and 54% in northeastern and southern Ontario, respectively. However, license sales could decrease between 5% and 10% with a 30% redistribution of rural residents to a major urban area. The relationship between license rates and non-catch-related factors confirms the role of urbanization on recreational fishing participation, while catch-related factors provide support for a functional response by fishers to fish.
Received April 28, 2016; accepted October 3, 2016Published online January 3, 2017
Isotopic Structure of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron: Evidence for Regional and Local Populations Based on Resource Use
Authors: Eberts Rebecca L. , Wissel Björn , Simpson Gavin L. , Crawford Stephen S. , Stott Wendylee , Hanner Robert H. , Manzon Richard G. , Wilson Joanna Y. , Boreham Douglas R. , Somers Christopher M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis is the most commercially valuable species in Lake Huron. The fishery for this species has historically been managed based on 25 management units (17 in Canada, 8 in the USA). However, congruence between the contemporary population structure of Lake Whitefish and management units is poorly understood. We used stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), food web markers that reflect patterns in resource use (i.e., prey, location, habitat), to assess the population structure of spawning-phase Lake Whitefish collected from 32 sites (1,474 fish) across Lake Huron. We found large isotopic variation among fish from different sites (ranges: δ13C = 10.2‰, δ15N = 5.5‰) and variable niche size and levels of overlap (standard ellipse area = 1.0–4.3‰2). Lake Huron contained spawning-phase fish from four major isotopic clusters largely defined by extensive variation in δ13C, and the isotopic composition of fish sampled was spatially structured both within and between lake basins. Based on cluster compositions, we identified six putative regional groups, some of which represented sites of high diversity (three to four clusters) and others with less (one to two clusters). Analysis of isotopic values from Lake Whitefish collected from summer feeding locations and baseline prey items showed similar isotopic variation and established spatial linkage between spawning-phase and summer fish. Our results show that summer feeding location contributes strongly to the isotopic structure we observed in spawning-phase fish. One of the regional groups we identified in northern Georgian Bay is highly distinct based on isotopic composition and possibly ecologically unique within Lake Huron. Our findings are congruent with several previous studies using different markers (genetics, mark–recapture), and we conclude that current management units are generally too small and numerous to reflect the population structure of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron.
Received June 2, 2016; accepted October 3, 2016Published online January 3, 2017
Hypertensive Urgencies: The Epidemic, Causes, and Consequences
Authors: Krakoff Lawrence R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
There has been a recent in increase visits to emergency rooms (ERs) or unscheduled/urgent visits to clinics for very high blood pressure, defined as ≥180/110 mm Hg without clinical sign of serious cardiovascular disease. The term “hypertensive urgency” defines these visits. Parallel with the increase of hypertensive urgencies has been a reduction in availability of primary care practices. Options for management of hypertensive urgencies are: (i) admit to in-patient services, (ii) briefly observe then discharge without specific treatment, and (iii) treat with rapid acting antihypertensive drugs and discharge. Optimal decisions should be based on evidence-based observations, but such information has not been available. A recent survey of hypertensive urgencies observed in a large health care system summarizing outcomes from nearly 1.3 million visits has recently been published. The results for the small fraction referred from practices to either ER evaluation or admission were compared to a group matched by propensity scoring. Cardiovascular event rates were &lt;1% for a 30-day follow-up period. However, at the 1 month mark, &gt;80% of both groups had uncontrolled hypertension, that remained &gt;60% 5 months later. Occurrence of an a hypertensive urgency should be seen as a signal event or trigger that requires effective measures to assure sustained management of hypertension to achieve the long-term control needed for effective prevention of cardiovascular and renal disease. Development of system wide strategies to track and enroll those with hypertensive urgencies into appropriate medical surveillance and treatment programs is crucial.
AFRESh: an adaptive framework for compression of reads and assembled sequences with random access functionality
Authors: Paridaens Tom , Van Wallendael Glenn , De Neve Wesley , Lambert Peter 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The past decade has seen the introduction of new technologies that lowered the cost of genomic sequencing increasingly. We can even observe that the cost of sequencing is dropping significantly faster than the cost of storage and transmission. The latter motivates a need for continuous improvements in the area of genomic data compression, not only at the level of effectiveness (compression rate), but also at the level of functionality (e.g. random access), configurability (effectiveness versus complexity, coding tool set …) and versatility (support for both sequenced reads and assembled sequences). In that regard, we can point out that current approaches mostly do not support random access, requiring full files to be transmitted, and that current approaches are restricted to either read or sequence compression.

Results
We propose AFRESh, an adaptive framework for no-reference compression of genomic data with random access functionality, targeting the effective representation of the raw genomic symbol streams of both reads and assembled sequences. AFRESh makes use of a configurable set of prediction and encoding tools, extended by a Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding scheme (CABAC), to compress raw genetic codes. To the best of our knowledge, our paper is the first to describe an effective implementation CABAC outside of its’ original application. By applying CABAC, the compression effectiveness improves by up to 19% for assembled sequences and up to 62% for reads. By applying AFRESh to the genomic symbols of the MPEG genomic compression test set for reads, a compression gain is achieved of up to 51% compared to SCALCE, 42% compared to LFQC and 44% compared to ORCOM. When comparing to generic compression approaches, a compression gain is achieved of up to 41% compared to GNU Gzip and 22% compared to 7-Zip at the Ultra setting. Additionaly, when compressing assembled sequences of the Human Genome, a compression gain is achieved up to 34% compared to GNU Gzip and 16% compared to 7-Zip at the Ultra setting.

Availability and Implementation
A Windows executable version can be downloaded at https://github.com/tparidae/AFresh.
The Concept of the Three Orders of Society and Social Mobility in Eleventh-Century England
Authors: Moilanen Inka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article examines the concept of the three orders of society (oratores, bellatores, laboratores) in the works of Ælfric of Eynsham (d. c.1010) and Wulfstan of York (d. 1023). Paying attention to the immediate contexts in which Ælfric and Wulfstan formulated their views on social order, the article contrasts the varying uses of the metaphor with the discussion on social change and social mobility current around the turn of the first millennium. The reiteration of these categories seems to have surfaced in situations of particular political turbulence, as a means of convincing audiences that contemporary society was in a state of disorder which had to be remedied. The article incorporates analysis of a text previously excluded from discussions of the concept, Napier 50, and reviews some interpretations according to which the three orders functioned as part of criticism of extensive upward social mobility at the beginning of the eleventh century.
Genetic and morphological diversity of the cosmopolitan chaetognath Pseudosagitta maxima (Conant, 1896) in the Atlantic Ocean and its relationship with the congeneric species
Authors: Kulagin Dmitry N. , Neretina Tatiana V. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUntil recently many oceanic zooplankton species have been considered as cosmopolitan organisms. At present it became evident that some of them comprise many distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) that often are regarded as cryptic species. As they can significantly change our perceptions of large-scale biogeographic patterns, it is important to characterize the true diversity within common and ecologically important groups. We have analysed the molecular and morphological diversity of the cosmopolitan mesopelagic chaetognath Pseudosagitta maxima throughout the Atlantic Ocean from 60° S to 85° N and its position within the genus Pseudosagitta. Three distinct mitochondrial clades within P. maxima were revealed with phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Inference) and were geographically separated. The subsequent analyses of nuclear markers (H3, ITS1) have shown that P. maxima most likely comprises two distinct MOTUs, tropical and bipolar, that also have some morphological differences. The latter MOTU consists of two genetically slightly divergent populations: southern and northern. The morphological examination allowed the determination of a character (type of hook coloration) that accurately distinguishes juveniles of the P. maxima complex from the other congeneric species. Molecular data have shown that evolutionary P. lyra and P. gazellae are more closely related to each other than to P. maxima. Number of hooks, number of anterior and posterior teeth and the arrangement of ova in the ovary were proposed to be the most useful morphological characters to distinguish between tropical and bipolar MOTUs within the P. maxima complex. The first three characters should be determined for each maturity stage separately.
Phosphoprotein profiles of candidate markers for early cellular responses to low-dose γ-radiation in normal human fibroblast cells
Authors: Yim Ji-Hye , Yun Jung Mi , Kim Ji Young , Lee In Kyung , Nam Seon Young , Kim Cha Soon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIonizing radiation causes biological damage that leads to severe health effects. However, the effects and subsequent health implications caused by exposure to low-dose radiation are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine phosphoprotein profiles in normal human fibroblast cell lines in response to low-dose and high-dose γ-radiation. We examined the cellular response in MRC-5 cells 0.5 h after exposure to 0.05 or 2 Gy. Using 1318 antibodies by antibody array, we observed ≥1.3-fold increases in a number of identified phosphoproteins in cells subjected to low-dose (0.05 Gy) and high-dose (2 Gy) radiation, suggesting that both radiation levels stimulate distinct signaling pathways. Low-dose radiation induced nucleic acid–binding transcription factor activity, developmental processes, and multicellular organismal processes. By contrast, high-dose radiation stimulated apoptotic processes, cell adhesion and regulation, and cellular organization and biogenesis. We found that phospho-BTK (Tyr550) and phospho-Gab2 (Tyr643) protein levels at 0.5 h after treatment were higher in cells subjected to low-dose radiation than in cells treated with high-dose radiation. We also determined that the phosphorylation of BTK and Gab2 in response to ionizing radiation was regulated in a dose-dependent manner in MRC-5 and NHDF cells. Our study provides new insights into the biological responses to low-dose γ-radiation and identifies potential candidate markers for monitoring exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation.
Second Generation Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Vape Pen Exposure Generalizes as a Smoking Cue
Authors: King Andrea C , Smith Lia J , McNamara Patrick J , Cao Dingcai 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Second generation electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; also known as e-cigarettes, vaporizers or vape pens) are designed for a customized nicotine delivery experience and have less resemblance to regular cigarettes than first generation “cigalikes.” The present study examined whether they generalize as a conditioned cue and evoke smoking urges or behavior in persons exposed to their use.

Methods
Data were analyzed inN = 108 young adult smokers (≥5 cigarettes per week) randomized to either a traditional combustible cigarette smoking cue or a second generation ENDS vaping cue in a controlled laboratory setting. Cigarette and e-cigarette urge and desire were assessed pre- and post-cue exposure. Smoking behavior was also explored in a subsample undergoing a smoking latency phase after cue exposure (N = 26).

Results
The ENDS vape pen cue evoked both urge and desire for a regular cigarette to a similar extent as that produced by the combustible cigarette cue. Both cues produced similar time to initiate smoking during the smoking latency phase. The ENDS vape pen cue elicited smoking urge and desire regardless of ENDS use history, that is, across ENDS naїve, lifetime or current users. Inclusion of past ENDS or cigarette use as covariates did not significantly alter the results.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that observation of vape pen ENDS use generalizes as a conditioned cue to produce smoking urge, desire, and behavior in young adult smokers. As the popularity of these devices may eventually overtake those of first generation ENDS cigalikes, exposure effects will be of increasing importance.

Implications
This study shows that passive exposure to a second generation ENDS vape pen cue evoked smoking urge, desire, and behavior across a range of daily and non-daily young adult smokers. Smoking urge and desire increases after vape pen exposure were similar to those produced by exposure to a first generation ENDS cigalike and a combustible cigarette, a known potent cue. Given the increasing popularity of ENDS tank system products, passive exposures to these devices will no doubt increase, and may contribute to tobacco use in young adult smokers.
The association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with genetic polymorphisms: a multicenter study
Authors: Uygun Ahmet , Ozturk Kadir , Demirci Hakan , Oztuna Ali , Eren Fatih , Kozan Salih , Yilmaz Yusuf , Kurt Omer , Turker Turker , Vatansever Sezgin , Alper Emrah , Unsal Belkis 
Published: January 2017

Introduction
Growing evidence suggests that multiple factors, such as insulin resistance, nutritional factors, gut microbiota, and hormones released from the adipose tissue, act together on genetically predisposed individuals. We aimed to investigate whether various single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and severity of liver damage in the Anatolian population.

Methods
Two hundred and sixteen patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 150 control participants, aged 18–70 years, were consecutively enrolled in this multicenter study. Blood samples were genotyped for the PNPLA3 (rs738409), IL28B (rs12979860, rs12980275, rs8099917), PPAR-α 227 ALA, PPAR-γ pro 12 ALA, SOD2 C47T, and LOX-1 IVS4–14 polymorphisms using the custom-made LightSNiP assays on a LightCycler 480 II instrument.

Results
Genotypic distributions of PNPLA3 rs738409 SNPs were different between NAFLD and control participants, but not for other SNPs. The PNPLA3 rs738409 GG polymorphism was associated with a 27-fold increased risk of development of NAFLD (odds ratio=27.8, 95% confidence interval: 3.5–218.4; P=0.002). Patients with the PNPLA3 GG genotype had higher nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score levels compared with patients with the PNPLA3 CC genotype (P<0.005). NAFLD patients without fibrosis had a higher frequency of IL28B rs12979860 TT and rs12980275 GG genotypes compared with NAFLD patients with fibrosis (P<0.005).

Conclusion
The present study proposes that polymorphisms in the PNPLA3 gene have highly predictive value in the development of NAFLD and are independently associated with the severity of liver histology in patients with NAFLD. The results of this study suggest that IL28B rs12979860 TT or rs12980275 GG may play an important protective role against the development of advanced fibrosis and even cirrhosis.
Short article: Risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with chronic use of proton pump inhibitors in children
Authors: Cares Kristen , Al-Ansari Namir , Macha Suhasini , Zoubi Najeeb , Zaghloul Hazim , Thomas Ron , Lalinsky Patricia , El-Baba Mohammad 
Published: January 2017

Background
Some theorize that prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase the risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Chronic acid suppression and resultant hypochlorhydria may lead to an altered intraluminal environment, which, in turn, may promote the growth of bacteria in the small intestine. A handful of studies measured the risk of SIBO in adults taking PPIs and obtained mixed results; however, this risk has not been exclusively measured in children.

Aim
This study aimed to measure the risk of SIBO in children taking PPI versus those not taking PPI.

Patients and methods
This was a prospective cohort study. Evaluation of SIBO was performed using the glucose hydrogen breath test. Patients younger than 18 years of age taking a PPI longer than 6 months were compared with healthy control participants. After ingestion of glucose substrate, breath samples were obtained every 15 min for 2 h. An increase in breath hydrogen or methane above 12 ppm was considered diagnostic of SIBO.

Results
Overall, 83 participants were tested, of whom 56 were taking PPIs. SIBO was detected in five (8.9%) of the 56 participants taking PPI versus one (3.7%) of the 27 participants in the control group (P=0.359), with a relative risk of 2.4 (95% confidence interval: 0.29–19.6).

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first study in the English literature measuring the risk of SIBO in children taking PPIs. Our results indicate a potential risk of SIBO in chronic PPI users; however, this is not statistically significant. This is an important finding as PPIs are readily prescribed for children and are often taken longer than 6 months’ duration.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis recurrence and rate of fibrosis progression following liver transplantation
Authors: Sourianarayanane Achuthan , Arikapudi Sowminya , McCullough Arthur J. , Humar Abhinav 
Published: January 2017

Background
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is known to recur following liver transplantation (LT). Metabolic risk factors increase with immunosuppression. However, the rate of fibrosis progression following LT for NASH while on immunosuppression is less clear.

Aim
The incidences of steatosis, NASH, and fibrosis following LT for NASH were quantified and compared with those transplanted for alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

Patients and methods
Records of all NASH patients and 1 : 2 match with ALD transplant recipients between 2001 and 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients without liver biopsies beyond 2 months following LT were excluded.

Results
NASH patients (n=77) were older (P=0.0006) and less likely male (P<0.001) than ALD patients (n=108). The incidence of steatosis, NASH, and fibrosis stage increased at 1, 3, and 5 years in both groups. Although steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores were higher, fibrosis was lower in NASH compared with ALD (0.43 vs. 1.0 stage/year; P=0.0045). The incremental increase in the rate of fibrosis was faster in the first year compared with 4–5 years (0.8 vs. 0.04 stage/year) following LT. The rate of fibrosis progression during 4–5 years was decreased in NASH compared with ALD recipients (0.04 vs. 0.33 stage/year; P=0.015). NASH etiology was associated with reduced rate of fibrosis progression (odds ratio=0.67) on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Despite having more steatosis and inflammation, progression of fibrosis was slower in NASH compared with ALD recipients. Fibrosis progression slows with time following LT on immunosuppression and approximates the pretransplant progression rate by year 5.
Short article: Aspiration of capsule endoscopes: a comprehensive review of the existing literature
Authors: Yung Diana E. , Plevris John N. , Koulaouzidis Anastasios 
Published: January 2017

Introduction
Capsule endoscopy (CE) has an excellent safety profile. Although retention is the most cited complication, capsule aspiration is less frequent and is often reported only as isolated cases. This study represents a systematic effort to compile and scrutinize the available data on capsule aspiration to provide comprehensive and conclusive information on this CE complication.

Materials and methods
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. The search terms used were ‘capsule endoscopy’ AND ‘aspiration’ (both terms searched as keyword and MeSH). We included case reports and/or series on capsule aspiration, as well as observational cohort studies that reported capsule aspiration among their complications/outcomes.

Results
Thirty-four case reports with 37 cases of capsule aspiration were identified. A further four observational studies reported aspiration as part of a cohort of patients undergoing CE. 94.6% of aspirations occurred in elderly men. 87.1% had significant comorbidities. 59.5% had symptoms on aspiration, with cough reported most frequently. The most common location of aspiration was the right main bronchus. Half of the patients required intervention for capsule retrieval; bronchoscopy was the most common management, with good effect. There was a single fatality following capsule aspiration, not directly related to the procedure, and one case of aspiration pneumonia. Outcomes were good for all other patients. The estimated overall aspiration rate is 0.1%.

Conclusion
Although very rare and generally safely managed, capsule aspiration should be anticipated in certain patient groups and capsule administration should be approached with necessary precautions.