bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and choosing a STEM major in college: Femininity, masculinity, chilly climate, and occupational values
Authors: Simon Richard M. , Wagner Ashley , Killion Brooke 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMasculinity and femininity have played a substantial role in how social scientists explain the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. The masculine culture of science is thought to be inconsistent with occupational values associated with feminine personalities, and to create a discriminatory academic environment for those who cannot adapt to it. However, there has been little systematic investigation into the extent to which masculine and feminine personality characteristics are actually correlated with STEM career outcomes, or how the effects of masculine and feminine personality characteristics on STEM career outcomes may be different when embodied in women compared to men. This study tests several hypotheses concerning the relationship of masculine and feminine personality characteristics to occupational values, perceptions of academic climate, and selection of a STEM major in college among a sample of 752 students enrolled at a major public university. We find little support for the hypothesis that masculine personality characteristics are especially rewarded in STEM majors. However, we also find that women pay a femininity penalty in STEM majors, while more abundant feminine personality traits in men render them more likely to major in a STEM field, after accounting for occupational values. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 299–323, 2017
The Myth of the Critical Period
Authors: Strid John Evar 
Published: October 2016

In language conferences, student papers, some linguistics textbooks, and wider culture, the critical period hypothesis is presented as factual despite still being fiercely debated in academic literature. The widespread popular acceptance of the hypothesis contrasts with a sharp debate and criticism of it in academic literature (Muñoz & Singleton, ; Ortega, ). This article considers the basis of the hypothesis, a concept from biology that describes a species‐wide acquisition window for a trait that affects every member of the species and ends in a relatively abrupt manner (Knudson, ). After a critical period passes, a member of the affected species has little or no hope of acquiring a trait, as if the window were permanently sealed. The article then discusses the evidence for and against the hypothesis from additional and native language acquisition, ultimately concluding that evidence best supports a sensitive period within the first 2 years of life (Muñoz & Singleton, ). Discussion then turns to what factors determine success in language learning, with consideration of how teachers can best support their students of all ages and how to change popular acceptance of the hypothesis and its inhibition of language learning.
Identifying community structure in a multi‐relational network employing non‐negative tensor factorization and GA k‐means clustering
Authors: Verma Ankita , Bharadwaj Kamal K. 
Published: October 2016

The ubiquity of social networking sites leads to the generation of rich social media content. Community discovery is one of the significant tools in the analysis of social media data that is often multi‐relational due to diverse forms of user interactions. Although there has been extensive research devoted to community discovery, most of it is restricted to single‐relational networks. However, focus has been shifted to multi‐relational networks in the recent years. In this study, we aim to discover communities in the multi‐relational networks through relational learning. Our main focus is the utilization of non‐negative tensor factorization and GA k‐means clustering for community discovery. In order to incorporate the relational characteristics of the data in the learning methodology, tensors are used to model the multi‐relational network. Tensor factorization reveals the latent features of the data and shows state‐of‐the‐art results for multi‐relational learning. Once the implicit information is obtained by factorization, we apply a GA k‐means clustering algorithm for community discovery. Experiments are performed on synthetic as well as real datasets. The results obtained are quite promising and clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1196. doi: 10.1002/widm.1196This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Technologies > Machine Learning
Transanal Tube for the Prevention of Anastomotic Leakage After Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Wen‐Tao , Li Ning‐Ning , He Dan , Feng Jin‐Yan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundTransanal tubes (TTs) have been used to prevent and reduce anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery. The aim of this review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the TT.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials assessing the clinical efficacy and safety of TTs in rectal cancer surgery.ResultsSeven trials with 1609 participants were included. The TT group had a lower anastomotic leakage rate than the non‐transanal tube group [RR 0.38; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.58; P < 0.0001], as well as a lower reoperation rate (RR 0.31; 95 % CI 0.19–0.53; P < 0.0001) and a shorter hospital stay (mean = −2.59 days; 95 % CI −3.69 to −1.49; P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in mortality between the two groups.ConclusionTT use in rectal cancer surgery is likely to be an effective and safe method of preventing and reducing anastomotic leakage and is associated with a decreased risk of reoperation and faster recovery.
Human Rights Due Diligence as Risk Management: Social Risk Versus Human Rights Risk
Authors: FASTERLING Björn 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights endorse a risk management perspective of human rights due diligence, which may create ambiguities with regard to the nature of risk and the objectives of risk management. By ‘human rights risk’ we understand a business enterprise’s potential adverse human rights impacts. Human rights risk can be contrasted to an enterprise’s ‘social risk’ which refers to the actual and potential leverage that people or groups of people with a negative perception of corporate activity have on the business enterprise’s value.This article puts forward the argument that due diligence in respect of human rights risk is conceptually incompatible with the management of social risk, because social risk management and human rights due diligence vary at each step of the risk management process (risk identification, risk measurement and assessment, risk reduction measures). To resolve this incompatibility, an effective integration of human rights due diligence processes into corporate risk management systems would require an elevation of human rights respect to a corporate goal that determines corporate strategy.
Barriers to and Facilitators of Inter-Organizational Coordination in Response to Disasters: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Bahadori Mohammadkarim , Khankeh Hamid Reza , Zaboli Rouhollah , Ravangard Ramin , Malmir Isa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveCoordination is a major challenge in the field of health in disasters, mostly because of the complex nature of health-related activities.MethodsThis was a qualitative study based on the grounded theory approach. A total of 22 experts in the field of health in disasters participated in the study. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and literature review. The collected data were then analyzed by use of MAXQDA 2010 software (VERBI Software GmbH).ResultsThe lack of a strategic view in the field of health in disasters, a lack of coordination of necessities and infrastructures, insufficient enforcement, a higher priority given to an organizational approach rather than a national approach, and the field of disasters not being a priority in the health system were noted as barriers to inter-organizational coordination. The facilitators of inter-organizational coordination noted were the importance of public participation in the field of health in disasters, having a process and systematic view in the field of health in disasters, the necessity of understanding and managing resources and information in the field of health in disasters, and having a feedback and evaluation system in the health system after disasters.ConclusionIt is recommended that developing common beliefs and goals be given priority in making plans and policies in the field of health in disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:318–325)
A Pseudo-outbreak of Aspergillosis at a Tertiary Care Hospital: Thinking Beyond the Infection Control Risk Assessment
Authors: Doll Michelle , Preas Michael Anne , Johnson J. Kristie , Mitchell Clifford , Roup Brenda , Wilson Lucy , Carothers Christine , Nkonge Grace , Leekha Surbhi 
Published: October 2016

In the modern era of carefully monitored renovations, construction-relatedAspergillusoutbreaks have decreased. We investigated an increase in clinical cultures growingAspergillusspecies, determining that contamination of the mycology lab caused a pseudo-outbreak. A major construction site was appropriately sealed, but unrecognized staff traffic may have facilitated laboratory contamination.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;1–4
Star-shaped trace fossil andPhymatodermafrom Neogene deep-sea deposits in central Japan: probable echiuran feeding and fecal traces
Authors: Izumi Kentaro , Yoshizawa Kazuko 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA co-occurrence of the ichnogenusPhymatodermaand a star-shaped horizontal trace fossil was discovered from Neogene deep-marine deposits (Misaki Formation, central Japan), and is described herein for the first time.Phymatodermaconsists of a straight to slightly curved tunnel that shows first- or second-order branches. The tunnels are 5.30–27.25 mm in diameter and are filled with ellipsoidal pellets. The relatively well-preserved star-shaped trace fossil is a large horizontal structure (~18 cm×19 cm) that consists of at least 10 spokes with diameters ranging from 11.49–20.96 mm. As compared to modern analogous surface-feeding traces produced by abyssal echiuran worms and their burrow morphology, it is highly likely that the star-shaped trace fossil andPhymatodermafound from the Misaki Formation are feeding and fecal traces of ancient deep-sea echiurans, respectively. Difference in preservation potential between surface and subsurface traces may result in rare occurrence of star-shaped trace fossils as compared toPhymatoderma. Microscopic observation of the pelletal infill ofPhymatodermaalso reveals that the trace-maker fed on organic debris and microorganisms such as diatoms and radiolaria.
DRIVERS FOR EFFICIENT WATER USE IN AGRICULTURE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FAMILY FARMS IN ALMERÍA, SPAIN
Authors: PIEDRA-MUÑOZ LAURA , VEGA-LÓPEZ LAURA L. , GALDEANO-GÓMEZ EMILIO , ZEPEDA-ZEPEDA JOSÉ A. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYThis paper aims to determine the influence of family farming features on efficient use of water. The analysis focusses on a random sample of family farms in the province of Almería, southeast Spain. A hierarchical regression model was conducted to determine how the water efficiency is related to environmental awareness and certain characteristics of farmers, decision-makers and the family farm itself. The results show that these family farms strive to be more efficient in their use of water when they are going to be inherited, when there are younger decision-makers who have received a better education, and also when women are involved. Moreover, this efficiency is positively related to more ecological production and to the farmer's habitual behaviour with respect to water economy. The study provides evidence regarding the influences of socio-economic and environmental features of family farming on water use efficiency that may prove useful for other analyses and policy makers on water management in agriculture.
SPORTS PREFERENCE AND DIGIT RATIO (2D:4D) AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS IN WROCŁAW, POLAND
Authors: Kociuba Marek , Kozieł Slawomir , Chakraborty Raja , Ignasiak Zofia 
Published: October 2016

SummaryHumans exhibit sex differences in competitiveness, sensation seeking and risk-taking attitude, which are required in sports. These attributes are often linked to prenatal testosterone (PT) exposure. The second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) is an indicator of PT exposure. A lower 2D:4D indicates higher PT exposure and vice versa. Males generally have a lower 2D:4D than females. Sensation- and/or thrill-seeking behaviours have also been found to be negatively associated with 2D:4D. Boxing and judo are considered to be high-risk sports. Voluntary participation in judo/boxing in contrast to aerobics can be guided by such behaviours and thus have an association with lower 2D:4D. This cross-sectional study included 167 female students from a military academy in Wrocław, Poland. Of them, 119 had voluntarily chosen aerobic exercise, and 48 opted for judo/boxing. Height, weight and second and fourth digit lengths were measured. Physical fitness was assessed using Eurofit tests. The two groups showed similar physical fitness and body size. However, the judo/boxing group had significantly lower mean 2D:4D values than the aerobics group. It is proposed that voluntary choice of participation in a sport discipline by women could be linked to the ‘organizational’ effect of intrauterine testosterone exposure during prenatal growth.
‘Awkward Antarctic nationalism’: bodies, ice cores and gateways in and beyond Australian Antarctic Territory/East Antarctica
Authors: Dodds Klaus 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper explores ‘awkward Antarctic nationalism’ and builds on the critical scholarship that explores the contours and contradictions of everyday, mundane, banal and even hot polar nationalisms. The emphasis on ‘awkward’ is designed to draw attention to the resonances and affordances that are associated with Australian polar nationalism in and beyond the Australian Antarctic Territory/East Antarctica. Using the 2016Australian Antarctic strategy: 20 year action planas a starting point, it considers how bodies, ice cores and gateways are put to work in order to address a fundamental pressure facing all claimant states. That is how to reassure domestic audiences that claims to territory and access are safe, sovereign and secure without alienating others with whom one wishes to do business within a particular area of Antarctica. More broadly, the paper concludes that both claimant states and non-claimant states are rubbing up against one another in areas such as custodianship, environmental stewardship and polar science and logistics. This has implications for how we interrogate the ideals and practices of the Antarctic Treaty.
Plastic happenings: the visual-spatial characteristics of the church of the monastery of La Tourette
Authors: Walker David 
Published: October 2016

The intention of this essay is to examine the intrinsic visual-spatial characteristics of the church of the Monastery of La Tourette, and understand their mechanisms, gestation and meaning.The context for the work is the prevailing insentience at the heart of architectural culture, the systemic denial of the intrinsic visual-spatial sphere and the lack of foundation skills to inform its appreciation.The fieldwork has consisted of observing and recording the La Tourette church, especially its lighting regimes, through all seasons, weather conditions and usages, and simulating key manifestations through spatial sculpture.Six characteristics of the church are identified, drawing on the yardstick of Le Corbusier's notion of poetic architecture as ‘plastic happenings’. Its essence is defined as constrained and specific light within penumbra, overlying dynamically juxtaposed heterogeneous spatial forms. The harmony of the church is fragile because it is vulnerable to injudicious lighting, resulting in a duality of transcendence and earthliness. The essay speculates on the cause of the transfiguration from harmony into discord, through analysis of the surviving photographs of the design models.The presentation is designed to infer enclosed space and minimise imagery, and consists of standard plans and sections including sun-paths, based on the author's measured and heliodon survey, amplified by a number of annotated thumbnail photo-sketches.The empirical judgements are distilled from the teaching of two masters of the past half century, both working within established traditions, Michael H. Chilton's discourse on basic colour and form, and Geoffrey H. Baker's schematic discourse on form in architecture.The work concludes that the meaning of the La Tourette church lies in a paradox of transcendent harmony and tragic discord.
Self-assembly of acetate adsorbates drives atomic rearrangement on the Au(110) surface
Authors: Hiebel Fanny , Shong Bonggeun , Chen Wei , Madix Robert J. , Kaxiras Efthimios , Friend Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWeak inter-adsorbate interactions are shown to play a crucial role in determining surface structure, with major implications for its catalytic reactivity. This is exemplified here in the case of acetate bound to Au(110), where the small extra energy of the van der Waals interactions among the surface-bound groups drives massive restructuring of the underlying Au. Acetate is a key intermediate in electro-oxidation of CO2 and a poison in partial oxidation reactions. Metal atom migration originates at surface defects and is likely facilitated by weakened Au–Au interactions due to bonding with the acetate. Even though the acetate is a relatively small molecule, weak intermolecular interaction provides the energy required for molecular self-assembly and reorganization of the metal surface.
Sequestration of ubiquitous dietary derived pigments enables mitochondrial light sensing
Authors: Zhang Dan , Robinson Kiera , Mihai Doina M. , Washington Ilyas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAnimals alter their physiological states in response to their environment. We show that the introduction of a chlorophyll metabolite, a light-absorbing pigment widely consumed in human diets, to Caenorhabditis elegans results in animals whose fat mass can be modulated by exposure to light, despite the worm consuming the same amount of food. In the presence of the chlorophyll metabolite, exposing the worms to light increased adenosine triphosphate, reduced oxidative damage and increased median life spans, without an effect on animal reproduction. Mice fed a dietary metabolite of chlorophyll and exposed to light, over several months, showed reductions in systemic inflammation as measured by plasma α-macroglobulin. We propose that dietary chlorophyll metabolites can enable mitochondria to use light as an environmental cue, by absorbing light and transferring the energy to mitochondrial coenzyme Q.
MicroRNA-based diagnostic tools for advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C
Authors: Appourchaux Kevin , Dokmak Safi , Resche-Rigon Matthieu , Treton Xavier , Lapalus Martine , Gattolliat Charles-Henry , Porchet Emmanuelle , Martinot-Peignoux Michelle , Boyer Nathalie , Vidaud Michel , Bedossa Pierre , Marcellin Patrick , Bièche Ivan , Estrabaud Emilie , Asselah Tarik 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStaging fibrosis is crucial for the prognosis and to determine the rapid need of treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and C (CHC). The expression of 13 fibrosis-related microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-20a, miR-21, miR-27a, miR-27b, miR-29a, miR-29c, miR-92a, miR-122, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-224) was analyzed in 194 serums and 177 liver biopsies of patients with either CHB or CHC to develop models to diagnose advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (Metavir F3-F4). In CHB patients, the model (serum miR-122, serum miR-222, platelet count and alkaline phosphatase) was more accurate than APRI and FIB-4 to discriminate in between mild and moderate fibrosis (F1-F2) and F3-F4 (AUC of CHB model: 0.85 vs APRI: 0.70 and FIB-4: 0.81). In CHC patients, the model (hepatic miR-122, hepatic miR-224, platelet count, albumin and alanine aminotransferase) was more accurate than both APRI and FIB-4 to discriminate in between patients with F3-F4 and F1-F2 (AUC of the CHC model = 0.93 vs APRI: 0.86 and FIB-4: 0.79). Most of the miRNAs tested were differentially expressed in patients with CHB and CHC. In particular, serum miR-122 was 28-fold higher in patients with CHB than in those with CHC. Both CHB and CHC models may help for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (F3-F4).
Direct observation of electrically induced Pauli paramagnetism in single-layer graphene using ESR spectroscopy
Authors: Fujita Naohiro , Matsumoto Daisuke , Sakurai Yuki , Kawahara Kenji , Ago Hiroki , Takenobu Taishi , Marumoto Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGraphene has been actively investigated as an electronic material owing to many excellent physical properties, such as high charge mobility and quantum Hall effect, due to the characteristics of a linear band structure and an ideal two-dimensional electron system. However, the correlations between the transport characteristics and the spin states of charge carriers or atomic vacancies in graphene have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we show the spin states of single-layer graphene to clarify the correlations using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy as a function of accumulated charge density using transistor structures. Two different electrically induced ESR signals were observed. One is originated from a Fermi-degenerate two-dimensional electron system, demonstrating the first observation of electrically induced Pauli paramagnetism from a microscopic viewpoint, showing a clear contrast to no ESR observation of Pauli paramagnetism in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to a one-dimensional electron system. The other is originated from the electrically induced ambipolar spin vanishments due to atomic vacancies in graphene, showing a universal phenomenon for carbon materials including CNTs. The degenerate electron system with the ambipolar spin vanishments would contribute to high charge mobility due to the decrease in spin scatterings in graphene.
Protein-dependent Membrane Interaction of A Partially Disordered Protein Complex with Oleic Acid: Implications for Cancer Lipidomics
Authors: Chaudhuri Arunima , Prasanna Xavier , Agiru Priyanka , Chakraborty Hirak , Rydström Anna , Ho James C. S. , Svanborg Catharina , Sengupta Durba , Chattopadhyay Amitabha 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBovine α-lactalbumin (BLA) forms cytotoxic complexes with oleic acid (OA) that perturbs tumor cell membranes, but molecular determinants of these membrane-interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we aim to obtain molecular insights into the interaction of BLA/BLA-OA complex with model membranes. We characterized the folding state of BLA-OA complex using tryptophan fluorescence and resolved residue-specific interactions of BLA with OA using molecular dynamics simulation. We integrated membrane-binding data using a voltage-sensitive probe and molecular dynamics (MD) to demonstrate the preferential interaction of the BLA-OA complex with negatively charged membranes. We identified amino acid residues of BLA and BLA-OA complex as determinants of these membrane interactions using MD, functionally corroborated by uptake of the corresponding α-LA peptides across tumor cell membranes. The results suggest that the α-LA component of these cytotoxic complexes confers specificity for tumor cell membranes through protein interactions that are maintained even in the lipid complex, in the presence of OA.