bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pupil Size on Wavefront Refraction during Orthokeratology
Authors: Faria-Ribeiro Miguel , Navarro Rafael , González-Méijome José Manuel 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
It has been hypothesized that central and peripheral refraction, in eyes treated with myopic overnight orthokeratology, might vary with changes in pupil diameter. The aim of this work was to evaluate the axial and peripheral refraction and optical quality after orthokeratology, using ray tracing software for different pupil sizes.

Methods
Zemax-EE was used to generate a series of 29 semi-customized model eyes based on the corneal topography changes from 29 patients who had undergone myopic orthokeratology. Wavefront refraction in the central 80 degrees of the visual field was calculated using three different quality metrics criteria: Paraxial curvature matching, minimum root mean square error (minRMS), and the Through Focus Visual Strehl of the Modulation Transfer Function (VSMTF), for 3- and 6-mm pupil diameters.

Results
The three metrics predicted significantly different values for foveal and peripheral refractions. Compared with the Paraxial criteria, the other two metrics predicted more myopic refractions on- and off-axis. Interestingly, the VSMTF predicts only a marginal myopic shift in the axial refraction as the pupil changes from 3 to 6 mm. For peripheral refraction, minRMS and VSMTF metric criteria predicted a higher exposure to peripheral defocus as the pupil increases from 3 to 6 mm.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the supposed effect of myopic control produced by ortho-k treatments might be dependent on pupil size. Although the foveal refractive error does not seem to change appreciably with the increase in pupil diameter (VSMTF criteria), the high levels of positive spherical aberration will lead to a degradation of lower spatial frequencies, that is more significant under low illumination levels.
Interventricular Septal Pseudoaneurysm After Blunt Chest Trauma in a 6 Year Old
Authors: Behrle Natalie , Dyke Peter , Dalabih Abdallah 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Motor vehicle accident is the most common cause of blunt cardiac injury (BCI) in children (85.3%) due to the height of the child in relation to proper restraints and the compliant pediatric rib cage (J Trauma. 1996;40:200–202). Trauma to the chest wall may lead to injury of the myocardium, resulting in myocardial contusion, ventricular septal defect (VSD), ventricular free wall rupture, or valve compromise (J Trauma. 1996;40; 200–202; Heart Lung. 2012;41:200–202; J Inj Violence Res. 2012;4:98–100). There are several proposed mechanisms for the formation of VSD after blunt chest trauma including rupture of ischemic myocardium related to the initial trauma and reopening of a spontaneously closed congenital VSD. Also, chest trauma during isovolumetric contraction of the ventricles may generate enough intraventricular force to cause myocardial rupture (J Trauma. 1996;40:200–202; J Inj Violence Res. 2012;4:98–100; Korean J Pediatr. 2011;54:86–89; Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;94:1714–1716; J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2012;5:184–187). Previous case reports highlight the formation of a true VSD after BCI and the requirement of emergent repair (J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2012;5:184–187; Am Heart J. 1996;131:1039–1041; Korean Circ J. 2011;41:625–628; Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:297–298; Kardiol Pol. 2013;71:992; Chin Med J. 2013;126:1592–1593). Reported is a case of a 6-year-old girl who developed an interventricular septal pseudoaneurysm after a motor vehicle accident of pedestrian versus car. On the day of presentation, she developed bradycardia after emergent surgical repair for abdominal trauma that required cardiopulmonary resuscitation including 5 minutes of chest compressions. At the time of resuscitation, an emergent transthoracic echocardiogram noted an interventricular pseudoaneurysm. She has been followed with serial transthoracic echocardiograms and has not required surgical intervention. We discuss the risk factors, prevalence, and diagnostic studies and recommended treatment options for structural heart disease after BCI.
Carotid Artery Dissection With Associated Territory Stroke After a Minor Head Trauma in a Healthy 4-Month-Old Child
Authors: Zant Robert , Melter Michael , Doerfler Christian , Schlachetzki Felix , Jung Ernst-Michael , Schilling Stefan , Kunkel Juergen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissections with associated stroke are rare events in infants. The usual pathomechanisms include direct trauma to the artery, blunt intraoral trauma, or child abuse. We describe the case of a 4-month-old male patient with ICA dissection and associated middle cerebral artery territory infarction associated with hyperextension/hyperrotation after a minor head injury. Upon treatment with anticoagulants, the patient showed significant improvement of the left-sided hemiparesis. Hemorrhagic transformation that presented shortly after middle cerebral artery infarction did not further increase under heparin treatment and prevented further embolism. In conclusion, hyperextension and/or hyperrotation in minor head trauma is a possible pathomechanism for ICA dissection in infants. However, the scenario is extremely rare, and to our best knowledge, this is the first report describing it. In our patient, anticoagulation did not worsen hemorrhagic transformation.
The Impact of Mental Health Services in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Holder Sharon M. , Rogers Kenneth , Peterson Eunice , Shoenleben Robbie , Blackhurst Dawn 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
This study assessed improvement in the emergency department (ED) length of stay and costs after implementation of an ED program which added board-certified psychiatrists and trained psychiatric social workers to the pediatric ED.

Methods
A retrospective medical record and administrative data review were conducted for all pediatric psychiatric visits of children aged 5 to 18 years who were seen and discharged from the Greenville Memorial Hospital ED between January 1, 2007, and June 31, 2013. These subjects were diagnosed by the ED physician at the time of the visit using codes ranging from 290.0 to 319.0 based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Ninth Revision codes.

Results
The mean (SD) age of children in the postprogram period (14.3 ± 3.1) was younger than during the preprogram period (14.9 ± 3.1) (P < 0.001) with the greatest increase in the 11- to 15-year age group (42% vs 35%, respectively). Patients in the postprogram period were significantly more likely to be discharged to a psychiatric hospital than during the pre-program period (18% vs 9%, respectively). After the initiation of the program, ED length of stay decreased significantly from 14.7 to 12.1 hours (P < 0.001) and costs per visit decreased slightly from US $602 to US $588 (this difference was not statistically significant).

Conclusions
Although this model of care has significant costs associated with it, the efficiency of care for psychiatric pediatric patients in the ED improved after targeted training of ED staff and provision of these specialized services within the ED.
The Role of Chronic Psychosocial Stress in Explaining Racial Differences in Stress Reactivity and Pain Sensitivity
Authors: Gordon Jennifer L. , Johnson Jacqueline , Nau Samantha , Mechlin Beth , Girdler Susan S. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
To examine the role of psychosocial factors in mediating the relationship between African American (AA) race and both increased pain sensitivity and blunted stress reactivity.

Methods
Participants included 133 AA and non-Hispanic white (nHW) individuals (mean [SD] age, 37 [9]) matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Participants underwent mental stress testing (Trier Social Stress Test) while cardiovascular, hemodynamic, and neuroendocrine reactivity were measured. Participants completed questionnaires assessing potential sources of psychosocial stress and were tested for pain responses to cold pain and the temporal summation of heat pulses. Mediation analyses were used to determine the extent to which exposure to psychosocial stress accounted for the observed racial differences in stress reactivity and pain.

Results
Chronic stress exposure and reactivity to mental stress was largely similar among AAs and nHWs; however, AAs exhibited heightened pain to both cold (p = .012) and heat (p = .004). Racial differences in the relationship between stress reactivity and pain were also observed: while greater stress reactivity was associated with decreased pain among nHWs, reactivity was either unrelated to or even positively associated with pain among AAs (e.g., r = −.21 among nHWs and r = .41 among AAs for stroke volume reactivity and cold pressor intensity). Adjusting for minor racial differences in chronic psychosocial stress did not change these findings.

Conclusions
Accounting for psychosocial factors eliminated racial differences in stress reactivity but not racial differences in sensitivity to experimental pain tasks. Increased exposure to chronic stress may not explain AAs' increased pain sensitivity in laboratory settings.
Biophysical Attributes of CpG Presentation Control TLR9 Signaling to Differentially Polarize Systemic Immune-Responses
Authors: Leleux Jardin A. , Pradhan Pallab , Roy Krishnendu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt is currently unknown whether and how mammalian pathogen-recognition receptors (PRR) respond to biophysical patterns of pathogen-associated molecular danger-signals. Using synthetic pathogen-like particles (PLPs) that mimic physical properties of bacteria or large-viruses, we have discovered that the quality and quantity of Toll-like-receptor-9 (TLR9)-signaling by CpG in mouse dendritic cells (mDC) is uniquely dependent on biophysical attributes, specifically the surface-density of CpG and size of the presenting PLP. These physical patterns control DC-programming by regulating kinetics and magnitude of MyD88-IRAK4 signaling, NFκB-driven responses, and STAT3 phosphorylation, which in turn controls differential T cell responses and in vivo immune-polarization, especially T-helper 1 (Th1) versus T-helper 2 (Th2) antibody responses. Our findings suggest that innate immune cells can sense and respond not only to molecular, but also pathogen-associated physical patterns (PAPPs), broadening the tools for modulating immunity, helping to better understand innate response mechanisms to pathogens and develop new and improved vaccines.
Host-induced gene silencing compromises Verticillium wilt in tomato andArabidopsis
Authors: Song Yin , Thomma Bart P.H.J. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYVerticillium wilt, caused by soil-borne fungi of the genusVerticillium, is an economically important disease that affects a wide range of host plants. Unfortunately, host resistance against Verticillium wilts is not available for many plant species, and the disease is notoriously difficult to combat. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is an RNA interference (RNAi) based process in which small RNAs are produced by the host plant to target parasite transcripts. HIGS has emerged as a promising strategy for improving plant resistance against pathogens by silencing genes that are essential for these pathogens. Here, we assessed whether HIGS can be utilized to suppress Verticillium wilt disease by silencing previously identified virulence genes ofV. dahliaethrough the host plants tomato andArabidopsis. In transient assays, tomato plants were agroinfiltrated withTobacco rattle virus(TRV) constructs to targetV. dahliaetranscripts. SubsequentV. dahliaeinoculation revealed suppression of Verticillium wilt disease in some, but not all, cases. Next, expression of RNAi constructs targetingV. dahliaetranscripts was pursued in stable transgenicArabidopsis thalianaplants. Also in this host,V. dahliaeinoculation revealed reduced Verticillium wilt disease in some cases. Thus, our study suggests that, depending on the target gene chosen, HIGS againstV. dahliaeis operational in tomato andA. thalianaplants and may act as a plant protection approach that may be used in Verticillium wilt-susceptible crops.
Global changes in patterning, splicing and primate specific lncRNAs in autism brain
Authors: Parikshak Neelroop N. , Swarup Vivek , Belgard T. Grant , Gandal Michael , Irimia Manuel , Leppa Virpi , Lowe Jennifer K. , Johnson Robert , Blencowe Benjamin J. , Horvath Steve , Geschwind Daniel H. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryWe apply transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing in postmortem autism spectrum disorder (ASD) brain and controls and identify convergent alterations in the noncoding transcriptome, including primate specific lncRNA, and transcript splicing in ASD cerebral cortex, but not cerebellum. We characterize an attenuation of patterning between frontal and temporal cortex in ASD and identifySOX5, a transcription factor involved in cortical neuron fate specification, as a likely driver of this pattern. We further show that a genetically defined subtype of ASD, Duplication 15q Syndrome, shares the core transcriptomic signature of idiopathic ASD, indicating that observed molecular convergence in autism brain is the likely consequence of manifold genetic alterations. Using co-expression network analysis, we show that diverse forms of genetic risk for ASD affect convergent, independently replicated, biological pathways and provide an unprecedented resource for understanding the molecular alterations associated with ASD in humans.
From strings to things
Authors: Fox Robert 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore current developments in the semantic Web and the role libraries can play in exposing institutional and bibliographic content using linked data and unique identifier systems.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a regular journal column.

Findings
– There are many ways in which libraries can contribute to the scholarly community through the description as well as traditional authority control work flow to integrate research and bibliographic content with the larger semantic Web.

Originality/value
– The theory behind linked data is commencing to have a more pronounced impact on the way the Web operates. Major players including publishers and commercial entities are contributing to the semantic Web through partnerships with the wider Internet community as well as data providers such as Universities. Given the open nature of many of these systems as well as consortial participation, this is an opportune time for libraries to contribute to these efforts in service of their constituencies.
Beauty is more than skin deep: a non‐invasive protocol for in vivo anatomical study using micro‐CT
Authors: Broeckhoven Chris , du Plessis Anton , le Roux Stephan Gerhard , Mouton Pieter le Fras Nortier , Hui Cang 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Microcomputed tomography (μCT) is a widely used tool in biomedical research, employed to investigate tissues and bone structures of small mammals in vivo. The application of in vivo μCT scanning in non‐medical studies greatly lags behind the rapid advancements made in the biomedical field wherein the methodology has evolved to allow for longitudinal studies and eliminate the need to sacrifice the animal. Ecological and evolutionary studies often involve morphological measurements of a large sample of live animals; however, the potential of in vivo μCT imaging as a method for data acquisition has yet to be delineated.

Here, we describe a protocol for in vivo μCT imaging of the internal anatomy of reptiles and amphibians, commonly used study organisms in ecological and evolutionary research. We consider the skeletal and extraskeletal (i.e. osteoderms) bones of a lizard as a case study to elucidate the potential of in vivo μCT imaging. First, we explore the effects of various parameter settings on radiation dose, scan time and image quality. Secondly, we develop a protocol to immobilize and restrain study organisms during scanning without need for the administration of anaesthetics and compare the results of the in vivo protocol to images obtained post‐mortem.

To immobilize animals, we replace the use of anaesthetics by cooling, thereby allowing the use of previously unsuitable rotating gantry μCT scanners that are readily available in scientific institutions. The resultant image quality of in vivo μCT scans is similar to that of post‐mortem μCT scans, especially in the abdominal region. We discuss the effect of tube voltage, distance to X‐ray source and metal filtration on radiation dose, and how these parameters could be altered to reduce the cumulative radiation dose while maintaining optimal image quality.

The proposed in vivo μCT protocol offers a new approach to acquire anatomical information for non‐biomedical studies. We offer specific suggestions as to how the protocol can be employed to suit a variety of model organisms.
Utility of serum anti‐cetuximab immunoglobulin E levels to identify patients at a high risk of severe hypersensitivity reaction to cetuximab
Authors: Dupont Benoît , Mariotte Delphine , Dugué Audrey E. , Clarisse Bénédicte , Grellard Jean‐Michel , Babin Emmanuel , Chauffert Bruno , Dakpé Stéphanie , Moldovan Cristian , Bouhier‐Leporrier Karine , Reimund Jean‐Marie , Di Fiore Frederic , Zanetta Sylvie , Mailliez Audrey , Do Pascal , Peytier Annie , Galais Marie‐Pierre , Florescu Carmen , Schott Roland , Le Mauff Brigitte , Gervais Radj 
Published: September 2016

AimCetuximab is an anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor antibody used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer. Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) are associated with cetuximab use. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of anti‐cetuximab immunoglobulin E (IgE) detection in order to identify patients at risk of HSR to cetuximab.MethodsWe included patients ready to receive a first cetuximab infusion in a prospective cohort carried out at nine French centres. Pretreatment anti‐cetuximab IgE levels were measured. We compared the proportion of severe HSRs in the low anti‐cetuximab IgE levels (≤29 IgE arbitrary units) subgroup with that in a historical cohort of 213 patients extracted from a previous study.ResultsOf the 301 assessable patients (mean age: 60.9 ± 9.3 years, head‐and‐neck cancer: 77%), 66 patients (22%) had high anti‐cetuximab IgE levels, and 247 patients received cetuximab (including 38 with high anti‐cetuximab levels). Severe HSRs occurred in eight patients (five grade 3 and three grade 4). The proportion of severe HSRs was lower in the low anti‐cetuximab IgE levels subgroup vs. the historical cohort (3/209 [1.4%] vs. 11/213 [5.2%], odds ratio, 0.27, 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.97), and higher in high vs. low anti‐cetuximab IgE levels subgroup (5/38 [13.2%] vs. 3/209 [1.4%]; odds ratio, 10.4, 95% confidence interval, 2.4–45.6). Patients with severe HSRs had higher anti‐cetuximab IgE levels than patients without reaction (median, 45 vs. 2 IgE arbitrary units, P = 0.006).ConclusionsDetection of pretreatment anti‐cetuximab IgE is feasible and helpful to identify patients at risk of severe cetuximab‐induced HSRs.
In silico prediction and in vitro and in vivo validation of acaricide fluazuron as a potential inhibitor of FGFR3 and a candidate anticancer drug for bladder carcinoma
Authors: Ke Kunbin , Li Hongjian , Yao Hong , Shi Xi‐Nan , Dong Chao , Zhu Ying , Liu Xu , Li Ling , Leung Kwong‐Sak , Wong Man‐Hon , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Kung Hsiang‐fu , Lin Marie Chia‐mi 
Published: September 2016

Bladder carcinoma (BC) is the ninth most common cause of cancer worldwide. Surgical resection and conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy will ultimately fail due to tumor recurrence and resistance. Thus, the development of novel treatment is urgently needed. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is an important and well‐established target for BC treatment. In this study, we utilized the free and open‐source protein–ligand docking software idock to prospectively identify potential inhibitors of FGFR3 from 3,167 worldwide approved small‐molecule drugs using a repositioning strategy. Six high‐scoring compounds were purchased and tested in vitro. Among them, the acaricide drug fluazuron exhibited the highest antiproliferative effect in human BC cell lines RT112 and RT4. We further demonstrated that fluazuron treatment significantly increased the percentage of apoptosis cells, and decreased the phosphorylation level of FGFR3 and its downstream proteins FRS2‐α, AKT, and ERK. We also investigated the anticancer effect of fluazuron in vivo in BALB/C nude mice subcutaneously xenografted with RT112 cells. Our results showed that oral treatment with fluazuron (80 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth. These results suggested for the first time that fluazuron is a potential inhibitor of FGFR3 and a candidate anticancer drug for the treatment of BC.
A comparative evaluation between aluminium and titanium dioxide microparticles for blasting the surface titanium dental implants: an experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Gehrke Sergio A. , Ramírez‐Fernandez María P. , Granero Marín José Manuel , Barbosa Salles Marcos , Del Fabbro Massimo , Calvo Guirado José Luis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare, through biomechanical and histological analysis, the aluminium (AlO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) microparticles for blasting during the sandblasting acid surface treatment in titanium dental implants using a rabbit tibia model.Materials and methodsForty‐eight commercially available titanium dental implants were divided into two test groups (n = 24 per group): implants with surface treated by AlO2 followed by acid etching as control group (Con group) and implants with surface treated by TiO2 followed by acid etching as test group (Test group). The implants were randomly installed in both tibias of eight rabbits and block samples were removed 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Resonance Frequency Analyses were performed immediately after the implantation and at 8 weeks. Twelve implants of each group were removed to measure the reverse torque. The remaining implants were used for histological analysis. The data were compared using statistical tests (α = 0.05).ResultsIn comparing the implant stability quotient at the two time points, no significant statistical differences were found (P > 0.05), as well as in the removal torque test at 8 weeks after implant placement, no found significant difference between the two groups was tested. Histomorphometric analysis showed a high degree of bone organization in all samples with no significant difference between groups in the bone‐to‐implant contact (P > 0.05).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, the results indicate that the media of surface blasting (AlO2 or TiO2 microparticles) did not show significant differences in the tested parameters for assessing the osseointegration of the implants.
Nasa, Nemesia and Euphrasia: new alternate hosts of Cronartium spp.
Authors: Kaitera J. , Hiltunen R. , Hantula J. 
Published: September 2016

SummarySusceptibility of 18 alternate host species to Cronartium flaccidum or C. ribicola was tested. Alive test plants were inoculated in the greenhouse and the formation of Cronartium uredinia and telia was followed on the plants for 8 weeks. Cronartium flaccidum formed uredinia and telia on Bartsia alpina and Euphrasia stricta (Orobanchaceae), Nasa triphylla and N. urens (Loasaceae), Nemesia floribunda (Scrophulariaceae), Tropaeolum majus (Tropaeolaceae), Veronica daurica (Plantaginaceae) and Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Apocynaceae). Single uredinia or telia developed also on N. urens and E. stricta inoculated with C. ribicola. For the first time, Cronartium are reported to sporulate on members of Loasaceae and Scrophulariaceae, N. urens and N. floribunda.