bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoionization of water molecules by high energy photons
Authors: Martini Lara , Boll Diego , Fojón Omar 
Published: August 2017

We theoretically study the photoionization of water molecules by high energy photon impact. We develop a model in which the final state wavefunction is given by a Coulomb continuum wavefunction with effective charges and the water molecule bound states are represented using the Moccia's monocentric wavefunctions. We obtain analytical expressions for the transition matrix element that enable the computation of cross sections by numerical quadratures. We compare our predictions for photon energies between 20 and 300 eV with more elaborated theoretical results and experiments. We obtain a very good agreement with experiments, in particular, at enough high energies where there is a lack of elaborated results due to their high computational cost.
Received: 15 March 2017, Accepted: 25 June 2017; Edited by: S. Kais; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.090006
Cite as: L Martini, D I R Boll, O A Fojón, Papers in Physics 9, 090006 (2017)
This paper, by L Martini, D I R Boll, O A Fojón, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
Program Director Perceptions of Proficiency in the Core Entrustable Professional Activities
Authors: Pearlman R. Ellen , Pawelczak Melissa , Yacht Andrew C. , Akbar Salaahuddin , Farina Gino A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
The Association of American Medical Colleges describes 13 core entrustable professional activities (EPAs) that every graduating medical student should be expected to perform proficiently on day 1 of residency, regardless of chosen specialty. Studies have shown wide variability in program director (PD) confidence in interns' abilities to perform these core EPAs. Little is known regarding comparison of United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores with proficiency in EPAs.

Objective
We determined if PDs from a large health system felt confident in their postgraduate year 1 residents' abilities to perform the 13 core EPAs, and compared perceived EPA proficiency with USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 scores.

Methods
The PDs were asked to rate their residents' proficiency in each EPA and to provide residents' USMLE scores. Timing coincided with the reporting period for resident milestones.

Results
Surveys were completed on 204 of 328 residents (62%). PDs reported that 69% of residents (140 of 204) were prepared for EPA 4 (orders/prescriptions), 61% (117 of 192) for EPA 7 (form clinical questions), 68% (135 of 198) for EPA 8 (handovers), 63% (116 of 185) for EPA 11 (consent), and 38% (49 of 129) for EPA 13 (patient safety). EPA ratings and USMLE 1 and 2 were negatively correlated (r(101) = −0.23, P = .031).

Conclusions
PDs felt that a significant percentage of residents were not adequately prepared in order writing, forming clinical questions, handoffs, informed consent, and promoting a culture of patient safety. We found no positive association between USMLE scores and EPA ratings.
Delivery and Measurement of High-Value Care in Standardized Patient Encounters
Authors: Baldwin Jennifer DeLuca , Cox Jaclyn , Wu Zhao Helen , Kenny Anne , Angus Steven 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Residencies have incorporated high-value care (HVC) training to contain health care expenditures. Assessment methods of HVC curricula are limited.

Objective
In our clinical skills laboratory, we evaluated the effectiveness of HVC curricula using standardized patients (SPs) to determine if there is a correlation with performance in counseling, history and physical, HVC knowledge, and demographics.

Methods
Through ambulatory cases, SPs evaluated postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2) residents using checklists to determine if they obtained the chief complaint, medical and social history, focused physical examination, and conveyed information regarding patient management. Investigators scored knowledge-based questions on the need for imaging in low back pain, annual stress testing in coronary artery disease, and chest x-ray for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Univariate analysis was used to calculate percentage distribution of residents' ordering of inappropriate tests.

Results
All 56 PGY-2 residents participated in the study and completed at least 2 of 3 HVC cases. Analysis showed that 48% (27 of 56) ordered at least 1 inappropriate test. Residents who ordered unnecessary testing had similar performance in history and physical as well as knowledge of HVC. Inappropriate ordering was significantly associated with poorer performance in counseling (mean percentage counseling score of 68% versus 56% for those who ordered inappropriately, P &lt; .001) and communication skills (mean percentage communication score of 74% versus 71% for those who ordered inappropriately, P &lt; .003). There were no patterns for ordering by demographics.

Conclusions
Our evaluation of residents during SP encounters found a correlation between the use of inappropriate testing and lower counseling and communication skills.
A Free Clinic Continuity Experience During Residency Is Associated With Practice in Underserved Areas
Authors: Petrany Stephen M. , Gress Todd , Poole Daniel 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Exposure to underserved areas during training may increase residents' likelihood of practice in these settings. The Marshall University Family Medicine Residency offers a supplemental continuity experience at a local free clinic to interested residents.

Objective
We assessed the association of such an experience with graduate practice choices.

Methods
We evaluated all residency graduates (N = 138) who completed our family medicine program from 1997 through 2014 and compared participants in the free clinic experience to nonparticipants. Various characteristics and outcome measures were collected retrospectively from resident records maintained for program accreditation.

Results
A total of 43 residents participated in the free clinic experience compared with 95 nonparticipants. Postgraduation practice in an area of need was seen for 56% (24 of 43) of participants compared with 31% (29 of 95) of nonparticipants (P = .005). The 53 graduates practicing in areas of need were nearly twice as likely to have taken part in the free clinic experience (45% [24 of 53] versus 22% [19 of 85], P = .005). Participants were more likely to practice in rural areas (63%, 27 of 43) than residents who did not participate (43% [41 of 95], P = .033). Board certification rates were high for both free clinic participants (98%, 42 of 43) and nonparticipants (95% [90 of 95], P = .43).

Conclusions
Resident participation in a supplemental continuity experience at a free clinic was associated with practicing in areas of need and rural communities after graduation.
Styles of Reasoning in Dostoevsky's Notes from Underground and Sōseki's Kokoro
Authors: Mehl Scott 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Adapting a term coined by Ian Hacking, this article analyzes certain of the styles of reasoning that appear in two novels, Fyodor Dostoevsky's Zapiski iz podpol'ya (Notes from Underground, 1864) and Natsume Sōseki's Kokoro (1914). The confession of the underground man, the protagonist of Dostoevsky's novel, includes an argument against the Chernyshevskian doctrine of rational egoism. The underground man's argument may, as this article shows, be analyzed using logical truth tables to demonstrate that, however thorough the underground man's argument may appear, it does not consider the counterexample of selfless altruism. This omission prepares the way for the underground man's rejection of Liza at the climax of the second part of the novel. Sōseki's novel, too, contains a confession, namely Sensei's testament, in which Sensei relates how he arrived at his belief that humanity is fundamentally selfish. Sensei's style of reasoning is primarily inductive, in contrast with that of other characters in Sōseki's novel, and the present article argues that Sensei's style of reasoning is a primary cause of his suicide. In each novel, then, there is a sustained consideration of how and to what extent a style of reasoning is bound up with a character's fate.
Voices of Rousseau and Temporality in Friedrich Hölderlin's “Der Rhein”
Authors: Kenosian David 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article discusses the significance of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's notion of the conscience Friedrich Hölderlin. In the eighteenth century, the soul was seen as an important source of energy and guidance in the intellectual life of individuals; Rousseau sees these energies as expressions (the voice of conscience) that lead to our moral betterment. Conscience is not only an ethical guide, rather it is also the basis of (self-)consciousness. For Hölderlin, the constituent elements of conscience have two divergent sets of possibilities: in excess, thanatos and eros bring about our ruin but alternatively, they can converge constructively to form conscience that enables us to become autonomous historical agents. Rousseau is a crucial figure for Hölderlin, especially in the poem “Der Rhein,” because in his writings, he finds a way of overcoming the destructive pull of eros and thanatos. Additionally, the reference to Rousseau's affirmation of conscience creates the basis of poetic self-reflexivity in “Der Rhein”: it is the moment that uncovers the temporal and phenomenological affinities between human consciousness and signs of the God in the mundane world. It is in this way that Hölderlin links poetic practice with historical agency.
The Hesiodic Shield of Heracles: The Text as Nightmarish Vision
Authors: Brockliss William 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This paper seeks to account for the anomalous qualities of the Hesiodic Shield of Heracles, and particularly of the shield-description within the poem. Drawing on Khapaeva’s analysis of the nightmare in literature, I argue that the shield-description develops a nightmarish aesthetics: with its horrific themes, intense visuality, and broken structures, the description imitates a nightmare. Moreover, it encourages listeners to immerse themselves in the nightmarish world that it creates.
France and the Polish-Soviet War, 1919–1920
Authors: Wandycz Piotr S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
France emerged victorious from the First World war but had to face complex international problems of territorial, ideological, and military nature. The former Russian ally—a counterweight to a defeated but powerful Germany—was in the throes of a civil war, and the Bolsheviks were proclaiming a European revolution. The Red army advancing westward clashed with the nascent Polish state. To the Poles it was a conflict with both Communism and perennial Russian imperialism. The French army assisted Poland, viewed as a “place d’armes” against the Bolsheviks, and it contributed to some extent to Polish victory, but the Paris government was ambivalent as to contested territorial issues. To appreciate the nature of this Franco-Russian-Polish “triangle” it needs to be seen in a larger historical context in which the Poles were never an equal partner of the French.
A Unified Competitive Palestinian Strategy
Authors: Awad Samir A. 
Published: August 2017

Palestinians need a strategy that will lift them out of their seemingly unending dilemma of prolonged Israeli settler-colonial occupation. Palestinian strategy needs to be re-positioned, to be part of a published strategic vision for a lasting solution that needs a national consensus on the requirements.The Palestinian struggle to achieve a viable independent state can be attained by engaging in a contest of credibility generating a long term sustainable advantage responding to the opportunities and threats, to achieve our objectives through capturing international political signals; or as Edward Said described it “Capturing the Imagination of the world”.The purpose of strategy is to gain some form of advantage; to maintain or protect assets or interests. Strategy is about gaining or maintaining an advantage or denying an advantage to the Israeli Occupation.To set a strategy, one usually employs past experience tactics whereby future probabilities, gains and losses are approximated in a given situation (game theory). A strategy is not routinely changeable or is quickly reversible. Nevertheless, a strategy must not stand still in the face major international events. On the contrary, a solid strategy must be capable of responding to changing events[1] in a manner whereby tactical threats could be turned into gains or opportunities. It is also necessary that a strategy ought to be, when formulated, based upon the strengths whist remaining mindful of weaknesses in order for it to deal with arising threats or challenges.For over two decades, since the signing of the Oslo Accords between the Palestinian Liberation Organization and Israel, the Israeli military occupation, land confiscation and destruction, expansion of settlements, denial of Palestinian right to self-determination and control over natural resources remain in place.Israel continues with its settler-colonial project undeterred by the Palestinian resistance or the condemnation of most countries in the world. That has undermined the so-called “Peace process” and its ultimate objective of a two-state solution, leaving the Palestinians with a prospect of prolonged occupation, which leaves them helpless and hopeless.
Os fundamentos ideológicos da história do capitalismo: uma análise das paixões e dos interesses
Authors: Málaque Déborah De Meira 
Published: August 2017

Resenha da obra "As Paixões e Os Interesses - Argumentos políticos a favor do capitalismo antes do seu triunfo" (HIRSCHMAN, Albert O. As Paixões e Os Interesses - Argumentos políticos a favor do capitalismo antes do seu triunfo. Tradução: Luiz Guilherme B. Chaves e Regina Bhering. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2002).
Em Busca do tempo perdido de Marcel Proust não é um romance (Determinismo e imprevisibilidade nos cadernos de rascunho)
Authors: Willemart Philippe Léon 
Published: August 2017

Tornar visível e inteligível uma relação entre o estudo da gênese dos textos literários e a teoria do Caos determinístico. Em termos de crítica genética, o sentido que tiraremos de nossos estudos sobre o manuscrito, dependerá para Em busca do tempo perdido de Proust do agenciamento da nova forma entre o romance e o ensaio. O crítico genético apanhará o impacto do ensaio sobre o romance em todos os níveis, da frase ao capítulo passando pelo parágrafo. Neste artigo, distinguirei o determinismo e a imprevisibilidade da escritura nos 75 cadernos proustianos, isto é, se por uma lado, a escritura proustiana já é determinada nas condições iniciais por pertencer a uma tradição de gênero romanesca ,por outro lado, ela se distancia em numerosas passagens por tocar ao ensaio e à crítica. Imprevisível na sua complexidade porque a cada causa, isto é, a cada intervenção reflexiva do escritor por um acréscimo ou uma supressão, decorrem efeitos que provocam o afastamento ou a aproximação considerável desta tradição romanesca.
O papel da música no processo (re)criativo cinematográfico
Authors: Francisco Eva Cristina 
Published: August 2017

Os efeitos de sentido engendrados pelos recursos musicais trazem e instigam emoção, ideias, sentimentos. A música tem o poder de embalar, tocar, envolver, contar histórias. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetiva mostrar a importância da atuação da música no cinema para a recriação fílmica. Dizemos recriação por se tratar de uma adaptação de uma obra literária para um texto verbo-audiovisual. O estudo trata do transmutar de formas do romance O Primo Basílio, do escritor português Eça de Queirós (1878), para o filme produzido e dirigido por Daniel Filho (2007). Por meio da Teoria da Tradução, da Metodologia da Crítica Genética, bem como a análise das músicas utilizadas para a filmagem final do longa-metragem, é possível perceber a importância da atuação da música na obra cinematográfica no que diz respeito a contar histórias, sintetizar acontecimentos, contribuir com a impressão de veracidade, subsidiar a fidedignidade, reconstruir o enredo, enfim, efetivar a recriação cinematográfica.
Destinos poéticos da paisagem : (des)apropriações autorais na obra colaborativa “entre saudades e guerrilhas”
Authors: Cirillo José 
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo discute modos de aproximação do espaço da natureza por artistas, e, também, como o projeto poético para este espaço pode revelar tendências e intencionalidades condicionadas por variantes culturais determinadas pelo ambiente natural a partir da relação afetiva do artista/ meio (topofilia). Partimos da hipótese de que há dois modos de aproximação do processo de criação da arte pública destinada aos espaços de natureza. Analisamos um deles, a partir do projeto poético de “Entre Saudades e Guerrilhas”, de Piatan Lube, que aproxima-se da natureza com uma intencionalidade de dialogar com os sujeitos e com o ambiente, revelando um processo pautado na perspectiva colaborativa (autores externos) e no diálogo poético com o espaço, com os materiais e com as comunidades, materiais básicos para a edificação de um projeto plástico coautoral, uma escultura social, cujo principal documento de processo é a própria cultura e a memória da comunidade.
Reportáž z 14th European Conference on Psychological Assessment
Authors: Ťápal Adam , Mitterová Kristína 
Published: August 2017

V pořadí čtrnáctá European Conference on Psychological Assessment (ECPA) se pod záštitou European Association for Psychological Assessment konala tento rok v nádherných a historií protkaných kulisách portugalského hlavního města. V Lisabonu se akce udála již podruhé, a i tentokrát byl její program nabitý klíčovými tématy, spojenými s psychologickou diagnostikou – vývojem psychologických škál a testů, adaptací metod z jiného jazykového a kulturního prostředí, aplikací moderních technologií v psychologické diagnostice i metodologickými otázkami. The 14th European Conference on Psychological Assessment (ECPA) was held in Lisbon, Portugal, between the 5th and 8th of July 2017, under the auspices of the European Association for Psychological Assessment. Held in the Portuguese capital for the second time, the program covered key topics from the area of psychological assessment – development of psychological tests and scales, adaptation and localization of psychological methods from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds, application of modern technologies in the field, and methodological issues.
Urban emissions of water vapor in winter
Authors: Salmon Olivia E. , Shepson Paul B. , Ren Xinrong , Marquardt Collow Allison B. , Miller Mark A. , Carlton Annmarie G. , Cambaliza Maria O. L. , Heimburger Alexie , Morgan Kristan L. , Fuentes Jose D. , Stirm Brian H. , Grundman Robert , Dickerson Russell R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractElevated water vapor (H2Ov) mole fractions were occasionally observed downwind of Indianapolis, IN, and the Washington, D.C.‐Baltimore, MD, area during airborne mass balance experiments conducted during winter months between 2012 and 2015. On days when an urban H2Ov excess signal was observed, H2Ov emission estimates range between 1.6 × 104 and 1.7 × 105 kg s−1 and account for up to 8.4% of the total (background + urban excess) advected flow of atmospheric boundary layer H2Ov from the urban study sites. Estimates of H2Ov emissions from combustion sources and electricity generation facility cooling towers are 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than the urban H2Ov emission rates estimated from observations. Instances of urban H2Ov enhancement could be a result of differences in snowmelt and evaporation rates within the urban area, due in part to larger wintertime anthropogenic heat flux and land cover differences, relative to surrounding rural areas. More study is needed to understand why the urban H2Ov excess signal is observed on some days, and not others. Radiative transfer modeling indicates that the observed urban enhancements in H2Ov and other greenhouse gas mole fractions contribute only 0.1°C d−1 to the urban heat island at the surface. This integrated warming through the boundary layer is offset by longwave cooling by H2Ov at the top of the boundary layer. While the radiative impacts of urban H2Ov emissions do not meaningfully influence urban heat island intensity, urban H2Ov emissions may have the potential to alter downwind aerosol and cloud properties.
Why are mixed‐phase altocumulus clouds poorly predicted by large‐scale models? Part 1. Physical processes
Authors: Barrett Andrew I. , Hogan Robin J. , Forbes Richard M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMixed‐phase layer clouds are radiatively important and their correct representation in numerical models of the atmosphere is needed for both weather forecasts and climate prediction. In particular, midlevel mixed‐phase layer clouds (altocumulus) are often poorly predicted. Here the representation of altocumulus cloud in five operational models and the ERA‐Interim reanalysis is evaluated using ground‐based remote sensors. All models are found to underestimate the supercooled liquid water content by at least a factor of 2. The models with the most sophisticated microphysics (separate prognostic variables for liquid and ice) had least supercooled liquid of all models, though they could simulate the correct liquid‐over‐ice structure of individual clouds. To investigate the reasons for the lack of predicted supercooled liquid water, a single‐column model (EMPIRE) was developed incorporating the relevant physical processes for altocumulus cloud. The supercooled liquid water was found to be the most sensitive to factors that significantly affect the glaciation rate, including aspects of the ice microphysics formulation, as well as the model vertical resolution. Using observations to improve the ice particle size distribution formulation and the parametrization of ice cloud fraction also lead to a significant increase in supercooled liquid water in the simulated clouds. The study highlights the main parameterized processes that need careful attention in large‐scale models in order to adequately represent the liquid phase in mixed‐phase layer clouds. In Part 2, the reason for the sensitivity to vertical resolution is investigated and a new parameterization for models with coarse vertical resolution is proposed.
A leader‐return‐stroke consistent macroscopic model for calculations of return stroke current and its optical and electromagnetic emissions
Authors: Cai Shuyao , Chen Mingli , Du Yaping , Qin Zilong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA downward lightning flash usually starts with a downward leader and an upward connecting leader followed by an upward return stroke. It is the preceding leader that governs the following return stroke property. Besides, the return stroke property evolves with height and time. These two aspects, however, are not well addressed in most existing return stroke models. In this paper, we present a leader‐return stroke consistent model based on the time domain electric field integral equation, which is a growth and modification of Kumar's macroscopic model. The model is further extended to simulate the optical and electromagnetic emissions of a return stroke by introducing a set of equations relating the return stroke current and conductance to the optical and electromagnetic emissions. With a presumed leader initiation potential, the model can then simulate the temporal and spatial evolution of the current, charge transfer, channel size, and conductance of the return stroke, furthermore the optical and electromagnetic emissions. The model is tested with different leader initiation potentials ranging from −10 to −140 MV, resulting in different return stroke current peaks ranging from 2.6 to 209 kA with different return stroke speed peaks ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 speed of light and different optical power peaks ranging from 4.76 to 248 MW/m. The larger of the leader initiation potential, the larger of the return stroke current and speed. Both the return stroke current and speed attenuate exponentially as it propagates upward. All these results are qualitatively consistent with those reported in the literature.