bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Model Based Learning Approach for Engineering Design
Authors: Andersson Kjell 
Published: January 2016

Project-based education in combination with problem-based learning has been very successful, and has contributed to the popularity of engineering design education among students at technical universities. The close connection to industrial problems by the use of industry-connected projects has boosted this popularity still further and to get an insight of future working environments after graduation is very inspiring for the students.
The curriculum of the Machine Design capstone course at KTH Department of Machine Design covers the whole process from idea generation to manufacturing and testing a final prototype. A major part of the course consists of project work where students develop a product prototype in close cooperation with an industrial partner or with a research project at the department. This means that a major part of the course uses project-based learning as a teaching strategy. In addition, a model-based design methodology is introduced which enables the students to evaluate and “experience” many different behaviors of the product using digital models in a virtual environment. In this way, students can see that many undesirable concepts and flaws can be avoided even before a prototype is manufactured.
This paper evaluates the use and learning outcome of model-based design in a capstone course in the Engineering Design MSc program at KTH Department of Machine Design. The approach has been used during a period of three years and the effect on the students’ learning has been evaluated by a questionnaire after each course. I this paper we compare the results of these questionnaires and discuss implications and general conclusions about this learning approach.
Road-Vehicles Control Logic Integrating Real Time Multibody Model Follower
Authors: Ramirez Ruiz Isabel , Sabbioni Edoardo , Braghin Francesco , Cheli Federico 
Published: January 2016

The challenge to enhance the vehicle driving and handling with a state estimation and prediction system is presented by fusing a primary real time multibody vehicle model capable of providing a good indication of vehicle stability and control, and a secondary model able to estimate the vehicle state from vehicle real and virtual sensors to correct the indications of the primary model. A mathematical algorithm combines these two models in the drive control system improving the behavior of the active systems of the vehicle.
A Multibody vehicle model has been used to achieve a high fidelity simulation of vehicle dynamics. The selected software is LMS.Virtual.Lab Motion with Real-Time Solver which complements the AMESim Real-Time Solver to handle complex real-time 3D-1D mechatronic systems without any simplified conceptual models.
A Sensor Signal Processing Model has been developed to estimate the vehicle states and calculating tire-road contact forces and vehicle sideslip angle. The methodological approach uses the equations of motion of the chassis applying the fundamental principles of classical physics: Newtonian method and Euler angles.
The control logic is based on the continuous updating of the preview multibody vehicle model by the controller sensors information network, which makes the model forecast behavior closer to the real one and improve comfort and linearity of the vehicle response. The driver inputs (throttle, steer angle and torque, brake, gear) are the same for the MBS real time model and for the real vehicle. A first training logic updates the MBS model based on the real vehicle behavior calculated by the sensor network, where the logic has to update in the MBS model just the factors depending on the vehicle itself (for example car weight, tire temperature, shock absorber damping forces, tires characteristics) and to understand and keep into account different environment variation (wet / dry surface). If the real vehicle is equipped with active control systems to improve handling and stability, as active camber control, drive by wire, ESP, Body movement active controls, the real time multibody model will interact with the models 1D or 3D of these vehicle dynamics controls and will improve their performance with a very high accuracy prediction of their influence on vehicle dynamic response.
In conclusion with the help of the preview multibody vehicle model the drive control logic will increase the performance and drive ability of the vehicle with smart logic interacting with all the active systems.
Emotional Modularization
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: January 2016

This paper points out that in order to provide emotional satisfaction to the customer, hardware products should be modularized not only with functions or shapes, but with more meanings such as adaptability, etc. Thus, a network-structured modularization is called for more than a tree-structured one to cope with diverse customer expectations.
The emerging field of material digitalization, which can be compared to physical FEM, is expected to provide a versatile and flexible tool for this purpose and it will change our design from the current open loop system to the closed loop system so that it will provide us with the capability of managing deterioration and that of adaptability to the frequently and widely changing situations.
Design Integration Into Circuits and Mechatronics Courses
Authors: Nagel Jacquelyn K. S. , Holland S. Keith 
Published: January 2016

Lab exercises have traditionally been a time when students follow a given procedure, collect data, and interpret the data. The highly structured experience often leads to students focusing on the procedure and not fully thinking through the concepts being covered. While labs are fully completed each week, the structured approach does not prepare students for the open-ended, non-procedural work entry-level engineers will encounter in industry. To encourage a deeper understanding of course concepts and how they translate to physical systems and better prepare students for the workforce, open-ended design projects were offered in place of structured labs in the circuits and mechatronics courses at James Madison University.
The design projects are undirected experiences that build on the directed experiences in lecture and lab. Students are challenged to work in teams to design, build, test, and in one case, calibrate, an electrical system. No instruction is provided for the project, rather, a set of design requirements, timetable, and supplemental materials (e.g., data sheets, vendor design briefs, past labs relevant to the design requirements) are given. Students must synthesize multiple weeks of course content into a single design project. This paper reports on our observations and student feedback for embedding design experiences in engineering science courses.
Optimization of Renewable Energy Power Systems for Remote Communities
Authors: Freire-Gormaly M. , Bilton A. M. 
Published: January 2016

Many remote communities rely on diesel generators as their primary power source, which is expensive and harmful to the environment. Renewable energy systems, based on photovoltaics and wind turbines, present a more sustainable and potentially cost-effective option for remote communities with abundant sun and wind. Designing and implementing community-owned and operated renewable power generation alternatives for critical infrastructure such as hospitals, water sanitation, and schools is one approach towards community autonomy and resiliency. However, configuring a cost-effective and reliable renewable power system is challenging due to the many design choices to be made, the large variations in the renewable power sources, and the location specific renewable power source availability. This paper presents an optimization-based approach to aid the configuration of a solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine generator and lead-acid battery storage hybrid power system. The approach, implemented in MATLAB, uses a detailed time-series system model to analyze system Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) and a lifetime system cost model to analyze system cost. These models are coupled to a genetic algorithm to perform a multi-objective optimization of system reliability and cost.
The method was applied to two case studies to demonstrate the approach: a windy location (Gibraltar, UK), and a predominantly sunny location (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Hourly solar and wind resource data was extracted for these locations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for five-year data sets. The village load requirements were statistically generated from a mean daily load for the community estimated based on the population and basic electricity needs. The case studies demonstrate that the mix and size of technologies is dependent on local climatic conditions. In addition, the results show the tradeoff between system reliability and cost, allowing designers to make important decisions for the remote communities.
Visual Performance Maps for Human Choice in Hybrid Electric Vehicle’s In-Wheel Motors: Part I — Purchase Criteria
Authors: Lee Hoon , Ashok Pradeepkumar , Tesar Delbert 
Published: January 2016

Satisfying human needs means to respond directly to human choice / human commands at the time of purchase, in real time operation, for maintenance / tech mods over the life history of the vehicle, and for refreshment in the future hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) equipped with four-independent in-wheel motors (IWM). This leads to maximizing human choice. To meet human choice means not only to keep the human fully informed on a series of choices, but also to maximize their self-awareness.
Meeting human choice requires visual performance maps. Based on the future HEV with an open (modular) architecture, visual performance maps help customers make right choices what they want, so that a vehicle can be tailored to a particular customer priority such as cost and drivability for an aggressive driver. This paper demonstrates how different types of an IWM are matched to different types of customers. The decision framework developed in this paper is based on detailed human needs structured by performance maps to visually guide the customer in terms of purchase / operation / maintenance / refreshment decisions. Part I is focused on purchase criteria, while Part II discusses operation / maintenance / refreshment criteria.
A Detailed Five-Year Review of Medical Device Additive Manufacturing Research and its Potential for Translation to Clinical Practice
Authors: Stephenson Katherine 
Published: January 2016

This paper provides a systematic review of over 350 publications that document specific medical device examples in which the design and manufacturing relied on additive manufacturing processes (more popularly referred to as “3d Printing”). Existing reviews on 3d printing for medical device design focus on the range of clinical applications and potential uses for this technology. However, existing work tends to omit key medical device development and regulatory requirements pertaining to the use of 3d printing for technology translation. These omissions often present a skewed view of each device’s potential for rapid translation to commercialization and common clinical practice.
To fill gaps in existing literature, this review includes medical device journal articles and identifies each article’s country of origin, the product development stage in which 3d printing was used, and the device’s specific type and classification under the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The findings from this systematic review provide a detailed international snapshot of current additive manufacturing research and its near term potential for changing clinical practice.
Adaptation of Rehabilitation System Based on User’s Mental Engagement
Authors: Esfahani Ehsan T. , Pareek Shrey , Chembrammel Pramod , Ghobadi Mostafa , Kesavadas Thenkurussi 
Published: January 2016

Recognition of user’s mental engagement is imperative to the success of robotic rehabilitation. The paper explores the novel paradigm in robotic rehabilitation of using Passive BCI as opposed to the conventional Active ones. We have designed experiments to determine a user’s level of mental engagement. In our experimental study, we record the brain activity of 3 healthy subjects during multiple sessions where subjects need to navigate through a maze using a haptic system with variable resistance/assistance. Using the data obtained through the experiments we highlight the drawbacks of using conventional workload metrics as indicators of human engagement, thus asserting that Motor and Cognitive Workloads be differentiated.
Additionally we propose a new set of features: differential PSD of Cz-Poz at alpha, Beta and Sigma band, (Mental engagement) and relative C3-C4 at beta (Motor Workload) to distinguish Normal Cases from those instances when haptic where applied with an accuracy of 92.93%. Mental engagement is calculated using the power spectral density of the Theta band (4–7 Hz) in the parietal-midline (Pz) with respect to the central midline (Cz). The above information can be used to adjust robotic rehabilitation parameters I accordance with the user’s needs. The adjustment may be in the force levels, difficulty level of the task or increasing the speed of the task.
A Virtual Reality Application for Additive Manufacturing Process Training
Authors: Renner Alex , Holub Joseph , Sridhar Shubang , Evans Gabe , Winer Eliot 
Published: January 2016

The promise of cheap and widely available 3D printers may be one of the best and worst aspects of Additive Manufacturing (AM). A non-technical consumer may pay significantly more for a 3D printer with “no assembly required”. Since it is reasonable to assume that they may not understand how the printer works and what will come out of it, they may wind up returning it because it does not meet their expectations. While consumers are starting to use 3D printers, designers in industry are utilizing Rapid Prototyping (RP) machines to manufacture final products in addition to prototypes. Designers will need to know AM principles in order to communicate design specifications to a RP lab technician so that a part passes Quality Assurance inspection. Training users on fundamental layer-based manufacturing methods can assist before and after a 3D printer purchase and reduce the strain on RP labs in industry.
This paper presents an extensible software application that simulates an AM process in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. The application parses machine component movements and printed segment attributes from G-code files exported from the MakerBot® Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software. Position, speed, and type of movement are used to simulate the physical machine movements. A print “segment” is created at the start and end positions of a print movement. Color-coding segment attributes and modifying their size and shape establishes a visual relationship between terminology for a print setting and its representation in the virtual environment. This visual relationship between printed segments and print settings makes it easier to learn the 3D printing process and associated terminology. Novice and expert users can modify print settings in the virtual environment before and after printing a prototype. Identifying and fixing a mistake in the virtual environment reduces the time and cost to print a part with the desired quality.
Training multidisciplinary users in a virtual world allows them to explore AM processes in detail from any angle or scale desired. This application has been tested in a cube shaped virtual reality CAVE system with each side measuring ten feet powered by a 96-node graphics computer cluster. Approximately 20 hours of demonstrations have been performed for public outreach programs related to STEM initiatives and visitors from industry who have had a variety of AM experience.
Using Two-Third Power Law for Segmentation of Hand Movement in Robotic Assisted Surgery
Authors: Shafiei Somayeh B. , Guru Khurshid A. , Esfahani Ehsan T. 
Published: January 2016

In this study, we have developed a robust and accurate algorithm based on concept of two-third power law in human motor control to segment the hand trajectory of robotic surgeons into smaller segments. We hypothesis that tracking a longer trajectory is subjected to higher cognitive workload that may lead in to an imperfect CNS performance in programming muscle activation which will lead to more number of segment trajectories and pause points in hand movements.
To test our hypothesis, after segmenting the trajectory, we determine the correlation between affine velocity and workload extracted from Surgeon’s Electroencephalography (EEG) features. EEG features are extracted by using brain waves recorded by wireless brain computer interface (B-Alert X-10 system). In our experimental study, 2 groups of participants three “experts” and five “Competent and Proficient” performed Urethro-vesical Anastomosis on an inanimate model, using the da-Vinci Surgical System® (Sunnyvale, CA).
Modelling of Cusp Geometry in Additive Manufacturing Parts Using a Piece-Wise Polynomial
Authors: Kaji Farzaneh , Barari Ahmad 
Published: January 2016

The final dimensional and geometric inaccuracies, and the resulting high surface roughness of the products have been the major problems in employing Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies. Most of commonly used Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are developed based on a layer-based manufacturing process to fabricate 3D models. The main critical issue in AM which reduces the surface integrity of the final products is the stair case error which happens due to layer by layer manufacturing process.
A new method is presented to model the surface roughness of FDM parts based on considering a new geometry for the cusps. Variety of observations were conducted to model the exact geometry of the cusp. Considering that cusp geometry affects the surface roughness directly, the new geometry was used to predict the surface roughness distribution as a function of layer thickness and surface angle of the final FDM products.
The model was validated by designing a set of experiments using 3D measurements of the surface roughness under high resolution surface topography device and the predicted model was in a good agreement with the experimental results.
Technical Note: Confirming the prescribed angle of CT localizer radiographs and c‐arm projection acquisitions
Authors: Szczykutowicz Timothy P. , Labby Zacariah E. , Rubert Nicholas , Wallace Charles 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:Accurate CT radiograph angle is not usually important in diagnostic CT. However, there are applications in radiation oncology and interventional radiology in which the orientation of the x‐ray source and detector with respect to the patient is clinically important. The authors present a method for measuring the accuracy of the tube/detector assembly with respect to the prescribed tube/detector position for CT localizer, fluoroscopic, and general radiograph imaging using diagnostic, mobile, and c‐arm based CT systems.Methods:A mathematical expression relating the x‐ray projection of two metal BBs is related to gantry angle. Measurement of the BBs at a prescribed gantry (i.e., c‐arm) angle can be obtained and using this relation the prescribed versus actual gantry angle compared. No special service mode or proprietary information is required, only access to projection images is required. Projection images are available in CT via CT localizer radiographs and in the interventional setting via fluorography.Results:The technique was demonstrated on two systems, a mobile CT scanner and a diagnostic CT scanner. The results confirmed a known issue with the mobile scanner and accurately described the CT localizer angle of the diagnostic system tested.Conclusions:This method can be used to quantify gantry angle, which is important when projection images are used for procedure guidance, such as in brachytherapy and interventional radiology applications.
Virulence and Resistance to Antifungal Therapies of Scopulariopsis Species
Authors: Paredes Katihuska , Capilla Javier , Mayayo Emilio , Guarro Josep 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Scopulariopsis
is an emerging opportunistic fungus characterized by its high resistance to antifungal therapies. We have developed a murine model of disseminated infection in immunosuppressed animals by intravenous inoculation of
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis
and
Scopulariopsis brumptii
, the most clinically relevant species, in order to evaluate their virulence and their responses to conventional antifungal treatments. Survival and tissue burden studies showed that
S. brumptii
was more virulent than
S. brevicaulis
. The three drugs tested, liposomal amphotericin B, posaconazole, and voriconazole, prolonged the survival of mice infected with
S. brumptii
, but none showed efficacy against
S. brevicaulis
. The different therapies were only able to modestly reduce the fungal burden of infected tissue; however, in general, despite the high serum levels reached, they showed poor efficacy in the treatment of the infection. Unfortunately, the most effective therapy for
Scopulariopsis
infections remains unresolved.
Validation and Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Method To Measure Miltefosine in Leishmaniasis Patients Using Dried Blood Spot Sample Collection
Authors: Kip A. E. , Rosing H. , Hillebrand M. J. X. , Blesson S. , Mengesha B. , Diro E. , Hailu A. , Schellens J. H. M. , Beijnen J. H. , Dorlo T. P. C. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

To facilitate future pharmacokinetic studies of combination treatments against leishmaniasis in remote regions in which the disease is endemic, a simple cheap sampling method is required for miltefosine quantification. The aims of this study were to validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify miltefosine in dried blood spot (DBS) samples and to validate its use with Ethiopian patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Since hematocrit (Ht) levels are typically severely decreased in VL patients, returning to normal during treatment, the method was evaluated over a range of clinically relevant Ht values. Miltefosine was extracted from DBS samples using a simple method of pretreatment with methanol, resulting in >97% recovery. The method was validated over a calibration range of 10 to 2,000 ng/ml, and accuracy and precision were within ±11.2% and ≤7.0% (≤19.1% at the lower limit of quantification), respectively. The method was accurate and precise for blood spot volumes between 10 and 30 μl and for Ht levels of 20 to 35%, although a linear effect of Ht levels on miltefosine quantification was observed in the bioanalytical validation. DBS samples were stable for at least 162 days at 37°C. Clinical validation of the method using paired DBS and plasma samples from 16 VL patients showed a median observed DBS/plasma miltefosine concentration ratio of 0.99, with good correlation (Pearson's
r
= 0.946). Correcting for patient-specific Ht levels did not further improve the concordance between the sampling methods. This successfully validated method to quantify miltefosine in DBS samples was demonstrated to be a valid and practical alternative to venous blood sampling that can be applied in future miltefosine pharmacokinetic studies with leishmaniasis patients, without Ht correction.