bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From ‘Big 4′ to ‘Big 5′: A review and epidemiological study on the relationship between psychiatric disorders and World Health Organization preventable diseases
Authors: Chartier G. , Cawthorpe D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionChronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, are by far the leading causes of mortality in the world, representing 60% of all deaths. However, chronic disease rarely exists in isolation. Nevertheless, study of chronic disease rarely takes into account comorbidity and virtually none examine their occurrence in populations.Objectivesand aims To review the association between psychiatric disorders and other medical comorbidities.To study the association between psychiatric diseases and medical comorbidities on a population-scale.To reconsider our approach to medical comorbidities.MethodsUsing an informatics approach, a dataset containing physician billing data for 764 731 (46% male) individuals spanning sixteen fiscal years (1994–2009) in Calgary, Alberta, Canada was compiled permitting examination of the relationship between Physical Disorders and Mental Disorders, based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).ResultsAll major classes of ICD physical disorders had odd ratios with confidence intervals above the value of 1.0. Ranging from 1.47 (Injury poisoning) to Circulatory systems (3.82). More precisely, when a psychiatric disorder is present, the likelihood to develop one of the four preventable diseases is significantly increased: Stroke (4.27), Hypertension (3.34), Diabetes (2.66) and COPD (2.43).ConclusionWe postulate that psychiatric disorder should be included in the classification of preventable chronic diseases that have a profound impact on society. Developing a consistent and standardized approach to describe these features of disease has the potential to dramatically shift the format of both clinical practice and medical education.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients with HIV treated with antiretroviral drugs versus untreated
Authors: Gonçalves V. , Ribeirinho A. , Ferreira L. , Cintra P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionUntreated patients for H.I.V can present various types of neuropsychiatric syndromes (NPS): subclinical cognitive symptoms, behavioral changes, agitation, personality changes, dementia complex associated with H.I.V and delirium, depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder or manic episode. However, it is controversial whether antiretroviral induce NPS, or on the contrary, when there are patients will evolve into an AIDS stage for therapeutic resistance or noncompliance.AimsDescribe qualitatively and quantify the epidemiological point of the main subclinical and NPS symptoms in patients untreated and treated with antiretroviral drugs and their frequencies. Propose pharmacological treatments for each of the specified conditions.MethodsSearch in PubMed with the words “Neuropsychiatric and antiretroviral therapy” by applying the limits: full and free texts, past 10 years, Human, English language and adults; research liaison psychiatry textbooks.ResultsResults yielded 381 articles with the criteria selecting 102, the most relevant for the purposes of work. They chose four most relevant chapters in the literature.ConclusionsThe most effective treatment of NPS in unmedicated patients is to start antiretroviral therapy; only if it does not improve them should be introduced psychiatric drugs as if they were functional. 50% of treated with efavirenz patients will develop NPS in the early days with gradual decrease. The dropout rate associated with these adverse events varies from 2.6–16%. Treatment of these NPS a challenge by the existence of numerous drug interactions, it is essential to know to deal with these entities to improve the quality of life of people with this chronic disease.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Is increased screen time associated with the development of anxiety or depression in young people?
Authors: Khouja J. , Munafò M. , Tilling K. , Wiles N. , Joinson C. , Etchells P. , John A. , Gage S. , Cornish R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEmerging evidence suggests that sedentary behaviour, specifically time spent taking part in screen-based activities, such as watching television, may be associated with mental health outcomes in young people [1]. However, recent reviews have found limited and conflicting evidence for both anxiety and depression [2].ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to explore associations between screen time at age 16 years and anxiety and depression at 18.MethodsSubjects (n = 1958) were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK-based prospective cohort study. We assessed associations between screen time (measured via questionnaire at 16 years) and anxiety and depression (measured in a clinic at 18 years using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule) using ordinal logistic regression, before and after adjustment for covariates (including sex, maternal education, family social class, parental conflict, bullying and maternal depression).ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, we found no evidence for an association between screen time and anxiety (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 0.95–1.09). There was weak evidence that greater screen time was associated with a small increased risk of depression (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.98–1.13).ConclusionsOur results suggest that young people who spend more time on screen-based activities may have a small increased risk of developing depression but not anxiety. Reducing youth screen time may lower the prevalence of depression. The study was limited by screen time being self-reported, a small sample size due to attrition and non-response, and the possibility of residual confounding. Reverse causation cannot be ruled out.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Peculiarities of depressive disorders of “working” emigrants and re-emigrants
Authors: Maruta N. , Venger O. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe problem of emigration and re-emigration in Ukraine is among the most actual state and social problems.ObjectivesTo research clinical-psychopathological peculiarities of depressions in “working” emigrants and re-emigrants.MethodologyThe investigation was carried out in Ternopil Region. Psychogenic depressive disorders (F43.21 and F43.22 according to ICD-10) were diagnosed in 69 non-emigrants, 68 emigrants, and 67 re-emigrants; endogenous ones (F31.3, F31.4, F32.1, F32.2, F33.1, and F33.2 according to ICD-10) were diagnosed in 65, 66, and 63 persons correspondingly; and organic ones (F06.3 according to ICD-10) were diagnosed in 64, 62, and 61 persons correspondingly.ResultsIt was found out an influence of emigration and re-emigration factors on psychoemotional sphere of the patients. The influence of the emigration factor was the most manifested in patients with psychogenic depressive disorders and was a less manifested in patients with endogenous and organic depression. Re-emigrants had the most severe depressive symptoms that might be explained by an impact of psychosocial factors. In the syndromological structure of depressive disorders it was determined that re-emigrants were more affected by typical affective syndromes – vital and apathic depression, whereas emigrants were more affected by atypical affective syndromes, including anxious-depressive and agitation ones. It might be explained by an influence of objective social-psychological factors as well as an intrapsychic transformation of actual stressors connected with emigration and re-emigration.ConclusionsEmigration should be considered as a factor promoting a pathologically characterological development towards anxious-depressive changes, whereas re-emigration should be considered as a factor of asthenic-depressive and apathic-depressive transformations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
How does lifestyle affect depression?
Authors: Raboch J. , Ptacek R. , Vnukova M. , Tkacova S. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the assumption that there seems to be association between depression and lifestyle choices. The hypothesis was that unhealthy lifestyle will have an association with increased score on BDI II.MethodsCzech version of BDI II was used and a questionnaire of lifestyle was distributed among Czech economically active population. Combination of interviews (for older population) and questionnaires (for younger population) was used. Stepwise multiple linear regression was applied to test whether and to what extend is lifestyle associated with depression.ResultsIn total data from 1027 participants was collected; 675 persons aged 25–50 years and 352 persons aged 51–65 years. The model explains 31% of variance of depression and the model is highly significant F (8,1018) = 57.66, P = 0.001. Lifestyle choices that were found to be associated with depression were sleeping habits, regular eating and drinking habits and generally conscious adherence to healthy lifestyle.ConclusionOverall, an association was found between depression and certain lifestyle choices. Importantly it was also found conscious maintenance of healthy lifestyle is an important factor. This study thus confirmed the hypothesis that there is an association between depression and lifestyle. The most important factor of lifestyle in this study was shown to be regular sleeping pattern lasting at least 6 hours. Regular eating and maintaining drinking regime during the day were also found to be crucial.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Antidepressant withdrawal mania: Two case reports
Authors: Pereira D. , Carreira Figueiredo I. , Marinho M. , Fernandes R. , Viveiros V. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlthough rarely reported, antidepressant discontinuation may induce hypomania or mania even in the absence of bipolar disorder [1,2].ObjectivesWe report two cases of antidepressant withdrawal induced mania.MethodsClinical process consultation and PubMed search were performed in November 2016 using the search keywords antidepressant, mania and discontinuation.ResultsCase report 1: a dysthymic 60 years old woman with 20 years of psychiatric following had been treated with venlafaxine 150 mg/daily the past year. She abruptly stopped taking this drug, developing heightened mood, irritability and racing thoughts five days later. She was admitted at our hospital, initiating then valproate and antipsychotics. Two weeks later, the hypomania clinical state remitted completely.Case report 2: a 64 years old woman, with a 12-year-old diagnosis of unipolar depression was brought to our emergency service with complaints of disorganized behavior, paranoid delusional ideas, excessive speech, irritable mood and reduced need for sleep, 1 week after abrupt trazodone 150 mg/daily discontinuation. Valproic acid 1000 mg/daily and olanzapine 20 mg/daily were introduced, with gradual improvement of symptoms. Two weeks later she was completely asymptomatic.ConclusionPsychiatrists should be aware of the risk of antidepressant withdrawal induced mania. More studies should be conducted about this subject, aiming for the clarification of risk factors and the establishment of clinical criteria for this phenomenon.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neurometabolic alterations in a depression-like rat model of chronic forced swimming stress using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T
Authors: Yoo C.H. , Song K.H. , Lim S.I. , Woo D.C. , Choe B.Y. 
Published: June 2017

Although recent investigations of major depressive disorder (MDD) have focused on the monoaminergic system, accumulating evidence suggests that alternative pathophysiological models of MDD and treatment options for patients with MDD are needed. Animals subjected to chronic forced swim stress (CFSS) develop behavioral despair. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of CFSS in the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) with 7 T and short-echo-time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Ten male Wistar rats underwent 14 days of CFSS, and in vivo1H MRS and forced swim tests were performed before and after CFSS. Point-resolved spectroscopy was used to quantify metabolite levels in the rat PFC. The spectral analyses showed that in vivo1H MRS can be used to reliably assess the Glu system. The rats showed significantly increased immobility times and decreased climbing times in the FST after CFSS, which suggested that the rats developed behavioral despair. The pre-CFSS and post-CFSS Glu and Gln levels did not significantly differ (P > 0.050). The levels of myo-inositol, total choline, and N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol/creatine, and total choline/creatine increased significantly (P < 0.050). Similar findings have been reported in patients with MDD. Taken together, these results suggested that the CFSS-induced metabolic alterations were similar to those found in patients and that high-field and short-echo-time in vivo1H MRS can be used to investigate depression-induced metabolic alterations. Such investigations might provide alternative insights into the nonmonoaminergic pathophysiology and treatment of depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Avoiding refeeding syndrome in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Brigadeiro D. , Nunes J. , Gil T. Ventura , Costa P. 
Published: June 2017

The term refeeding syndrome has been used to describe the adverse consequences that can occur in all malnourished patients in the early stages of nutrition repletion whether the method of refeeding is oral, enteral or parenteral. Those consequences include acute thiamine deficiency resulting in Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome, with the potential for permanent cognitive impairment; hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and fluid overload resulting in cardiac failure. Adaptive changes in metabolism occur during a period of starvation or fasting: levels of glucose fall within 24 to 72 hours, as response, glucagon levels rise and insulin concentrations decrease. Glucose levels are maintained by glycogenolysis at first and gluconeogenesis latter. The reintroduction of nutrition leads to a switch from fat to carbohydrate metabolism and an increase of insulin concentration. Insulin stimulates the movement of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium into the cell leading to its depletion in extracellular compartment. Reactivation of carbohydrate metabolism increases degradation of thiamine, a cofactor required for cellular enzymatic reactions in Kreb's cycle. Deficiency in all these nutrients can then occur. Patients with anorexia nervosa are at risk of suffering from refeeding syndrome. This psychiatric disorder causes potentially life-threatening, physical complications and has the highest mortality rate among psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this review is to clarify recommendations for prevention and treatment of refeeding syndrome in anorexia nervosa.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The central role of body image in the explanation of the engagement in disordered eating attitudes and behaviors
Authors: Ferreira C. , Mendes A.L. , Marta-Simões J. 
Published: June 2017

Shame is a universal emotion, that has been emphasized as a pathogenic phenomenon in well-being and mental health. In fact, although shame has been considered an adaptive defensive response, higher levels of this painful emotion are strongly associated with different mental health conditions. The current study aimed to test whether the association of external shame with eating psychopathology would be explained by the mechanisms of body image-related cognitive fusion, psychological inflexibility, and also dietary restraint. A path analysis testing a mediational model was conducted in a sample of 787 women from the general community, aged between 18 and 51 years old. The tested model accounted for 71% of the variance of eating psychopathology and revealed an excellent fit to the data. Results demonstrated that external shame's impact on disordered eating attitudes and behaviors is indirect, carried through increased body image-related cognitive fusion, psychological inflexibility related to physical appearance, and dietary restraint. These findings seem to support the association between shame and eating psychopathology. Furthermore, these data add to literature by suggesting that individuals who present higher levels of shame may present increased tendency to engage in dietary restraint and other maladaptive eating behaviors, through higher levels of body image-related psychological inflexibility and cognitive fusion. The current study seems to hold important clinical implications, highlighting the importance of developing intervention programs in the community which target shame and body image-related maladaptive attitudes and behaviors and, in turn, promote adaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., acceptance abilities).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The genetic study of computer game addiction
Authors: Mavani D. , Soldatkin V. , Mashkina E. , Dyachenko A. , Karpova E. , Bukhanovskaya O. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAddiction to computer games (CA) is growing with a lightning speed in whole world. Very few studies are focused in the genetic basis of this disorder.ObjectivesTo study the COMT and MAOA polymorphism in addicts to computer games.MethodsTotally 42 persons were included in this study, 22 of them had CA and 20 were totally healthy. Out of 22 gamers, 10 persons had only CA. The rest of 12 patients suffered from another psychiatric disorder besides of CA (Schizotypal disorder, depression, bipolar disorder). Their mean age was 16 years (15; 17) and all of them were males.ResultsThe total frequency of alleles 3R and 5R of MAOA gene in patients with CA was 30.0%, which doesn’t have any statistical difference with the healthy persons. The genotype frequency of Val158Met of COMT gene is high in CA rather than in healthy persons (χ2 = 6.85, P = 0.03). Also, the homozygotes Val are much more in CA patients (59.1%) than in healthy persons (25%). On the other hand, the Val/Met combination is lower in CA patients (18.2%) than in healthy persons (55.0%).ConclusionThe Val158Met polymorphism of gene COMT may lead to CA formation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Global Level – Elimination of stress, anxiety and depression at the rate of 25% to 35% (minimum)
Authors: Ashraf M. 
Published: June 2017

Opening of C.E.P.P.D (Center for Emotional, Personal and Professional Development). Almost every child in the world joins school and as per policy and procedures school staff/teachers develop their educational level but emotional health is not in focus at all; therefore child raised up with many severe negative and self-defeating behaviors; they understand others but others not understand them and that's the beginning all problems start from here…. The Center will provide state of the art guidelines/guidance (one stop solutions) supporting facilities starting from schooling onward throughout entire life for people belongs to all walks of life. In these centers anyone can go and will come out with clear head and in hand solutions, team of professionals shall provide guidance and support to everyone for healthy and balanced life by all means and will also develop alumni networking for permanent intact and fund raising on continuous basis from all over the world. C.E.P.P.D will play central and synergizing role between all sectors (for instance, schools, colleges, universities, counseling, vocational, community, hospitals, NGOs, mental and emotional health centers, child up-bringing, parenting, career counseling, soft skills training's; likewise list is on.... along with financial assistance from Govt. and semi-government sectors, will share implementation details as needed/at the time of symposium/brain storming sessions. These centers will become surely The turning point center in city than progress in next cities; likewise in country than at global level and yes together positively we can set landmark by mainly utilizing the medium of education and guidance.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Did we have in history a chronomusicotherapy?
Authors: Chaouqi A. , Mamouni Y. Alaoui , hammani Z. , Yassari M. 
Published: June 2017

Andalusian music is the name of the classical music in Morocco. It grown in Andalucia, but we still find it just in Morocco and some other countries of North Africa. A music that related with soufisme and Marestans: hospitals at that era. A music which is also called “al-Ala” means the machine. It has 24 “Naoubas”: rythme as much the hours of the day and each Naoubas can be played in just an hour in the day.It was played for patients in Marestans. This music was played by all the factions of the great Morocco (actual Morocco and Spain) society: including Muslims, Christians and Jews, with a variety of instruments this music did imposed itself, and still one of landmarks of Morocco.We will talk about the specifities and also the particularities of this kind of chronomusicotherapy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A Meta-analysis of Cognitive Training on Memory Functioning in Normal Elderly Adults
Authors: Piryaei S. , Ashkzari M. Khademi 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe major issues in cognitive literature related to memory and aging concentrate on the different methodological issues in research examining the effectiveness of memory training programs in improving memory performance of older adults along with the clinical implications of this kind of research.ObjectivesThe review will address how researchers differ within their collection of participants, the various aspects of memory intervention programs by a systematic review on recent researches.AimsThe present study aims to review the cognitive literature related to memory and aging through a meta-analysis in recent years.MethodMeta-analysis was conducted of researches on memory training interventions for cognitively normal/healthy older adults published in 1995–2014. Computerized databases (e.g PsychInfo) were searched using combinations of these key words in English: memory, mnemonic, rehabilitation, older adult, aging, elderly and impairment. All participants must be at least 55 years old at the time of training/intervention. Due to the fact and Studies must have used a non-pharmacological approach toward memory or memory problems. Between-study heterogeneity was quantified using χ2 and I2 statistics. All analyses were performed utilizing the CMA2.ResultsEffect sizes with 95% confidence intervals for each study indicated that the overall pre-post training gain was 0.37 SD (95% CI: 0.18, 0.47) and the mean retest effect among control groups was 0.11 SD (95% CI: −0.11, 0.16) and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe key challenge of memory training studies is that they often don’t train abilities that generalize to everyday functioning. These results have numerous clinical and practical implications.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.