bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of psychological interventions for compassion fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lipsa Jose Mariya , Rajkumar Eslavath , Gopi Aswathy , Romate John 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives: Constant exposure to trauma and death adversely affects the physical, emotional, and mental stability of the helping professionals, leading to compassion fatigue (CF). Although research has explored the effect of various psychological interventions (PIs) on CF, no studies have quantitatively synthesized their effectiveness. Thus, the current systematic review and meta-analysis address this gap by examining the efficacy of PIs in reducing CF among helping professionals.
Methods: Databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies published between 2004 and 2023. Quantitative studies published in English that used any PI to reduce CF of helping professionals were selected for analysis. The risk of bias in studies was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool.
Results: Of the 1995 records identified from databases, 82 intervention studies were included in the systematic review, and 11 randomized controlled trials were chosen for meta-analysis. Post-intervention means and SDs of the intervention group and the control group were used to run the meta-analysis. Random effects meta-analysis results revealed that PIs are highly effective in reducing CF (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.95; 95% CI, −1.63 to −0.27; P = .006).
Conclusion: Evidence suggests that PIs, especially online-delivered PIs, could reduce the CF of helping professionals. Health policymakers, concerned authorities, and intervention designers should focus on reducing the CF of helping professionals, as they need to work with vulnerable populations efficiently.
Puerarin improves Dioscorea bulbifera L.-induced liver injury by regulating drug transporters and the Nrf2/NF-κB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Yuhan , Zhu Hongzhe , Shi Leilei , Shi Yong , Cao Shanshan , Liu Jiping , Xie Yundong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Puerarin (PU) against Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DB)-induced liver injury.

Materials and methods
The protective effect of PU against DB-induced liver injury was evaluated by the present animal experiment, which assessed the pathological changes in the liver of mice and detected Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (AKP), as well as inflammation and oxidative stress-related indexes. Finally, the transcription and expression of related proteins were detected using western blot and quantitative reverse transcription (PCR) techniques.

Results
PU significantly increased body weight, reduced liver index, and attenuated pathological changes in the liver compared to the DB group. It also decreased levels of AST, ALT, AKP, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and malondialdehyde while increasing interleukin-10 levels and superoxide dismutase activity. Additionally, it upregulated inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB-α), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2), and Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression while down-regulating p-NF-κB p65 and bcl2-associated x (Bax) expression in the liver. Furthermore, PU upregulated protein and gene expression levels of Multidrug resistance-associated protein2, bile salt export pump, p-glycoprotein, and UDP-glucuronyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) as well.

Conclusion
PU mitigates DB-induced liver injury by regulating the expression of drug transporters and modulating the Nrf2/NF-κB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.
Measuring the semantic headedness of English blends with token-based semantic vector space modeling: a corpus-based study
Authors: Meng Qingnan , Hilpert Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes the semantic headedness of English blends with distributional semantics methods. The semantic head of a blend is the source word that transfers its semantic information to the blend as a whole. For example, a sitcom is a kind of comedy. But is FedEx a kind of express, and is wi-fi a kind of fidelity? We use corpus data and token-based semantic vector space modeling in order to address these questions. Specifically, we investigate whether Plag’s ternary division of endocentric, exocentric, and coordinative compounds based on semantic headedness can also be applied to English blends, and whether the general tendency of semantic right-headedness can be observed for all three subtypes. We analyze a dataset of fifty-five blends and their respective source words, using data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the English Web Corpus 2021. We measure the degree of semantic similarity between each blend and its two source words. The results show that for most endocentric blends, the hypothesis of semantic right-headedness holds true. At the same time, exocentric blends and coordinative blends are shown to behave differently. We conclude that Plag’s classification offers a useful point of departure for the semantic analysis of blends and that distributional semantics methods can provide new insights into their semantic behavior.
TRAPUM pulsar and transient search in the Sextans A and B galaxies and discovery of background FRB 20210924D
Authors: Carli E , Levin L , Stappers B W , Barr E D , Breton R P , Buchner S , Burgay M , Kramer M , Padmanabh P V , Possenti A , Venkatraman Krishnan V , Sridhar S S , Turner J D 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The Small and Large Magellanic Clouds are the only galaxies outside our own in which radio pulsars have been discovered to date. The sensitivity of the MeerKAT radio interferometer offers an opportunity to search for a population of more distant extragalactic pulsars. The TRAPUM (TRansients And PUlsars with MeerKAT) collaboration has performed a radio-domain search for pulsars and transients in the dwarf star-forming galaxies Sextans A and B, situated at the edge of the Local Group 1.4 Mpc away. We conducted three 2-h multibeam observations at L band (856–1712 MHz) with the full array of MeerKAT. No pulsars were found down to a radio pseudo-luminosity upper limit of 7.9$\pm$0.4 Jy kpc$^{2}$ at 1400 MHz, which is 28 times more sensitive than the previous limit from the Murriyang telescope. This luminosity is 30 per cent greater than that of the brightest known radio pulsar and sets a cut-off on the luminosity distributions of the entire Sextans A and B galaxies for unobscured radio pulsars beamed in our direction. A fast radio burst was detected in one of the Sextans A observations at a dispersion measure (DM) of 737 pc cm$^{-3}$. We believe this is a background event not associated with the dwarf galaxy due to its large DM and its signal-to-noise ratio being strongest in the wide-field incoherent beam of MeerKAT.
Assessing the Role of Bacterial Innate and Adaptive Immunity as Barriers to Conjugative Plasmids
Authors: Siedentop Berit , Losa Mediavilla Carlota , Kouyos Roger D , Bonhoeffer Sebastian , Chabas Hélène 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Plasmids are ubiquitous mobile genetic elements, that can be either costly or beneficial for their bacterial host. In response to constant viral threat, bacteria have evolved various immune systems, such as the prevalent restriction modification (innate immunity) and CRISPR-Cas systems (adaptive immunity). At the molecular level, both systems also target plasmids, but the consequences of these interactions for plasmid spread are unclear. Using a modeling approach, we show that restriction modification and CRISPR-Cas are effective as barriers against the spread of costly plasmids, but not against beneficial ones. Consequently, bacteria can profit from the selective advantages that beneficial plasmids confer even in the presence of bacterial immunity. While plasmids that are costly for bacteria may persist in the bacterial population for a certain period, restriction modification and CRISPR-Cas can eventually drive them to extinction. Finally, we demonstrate that the selection pressure imposed by bacterial immunity on costly plasmids can be circumvented through a diversity of escape mechanisms and highlight how plasmid carriage might be common despite bacterial immunity. In summary, the population-level outcome of interactions between plasmids and defense systems in a bacterial population is closely tied to plasmid cost: Beneficial plasmids can persist at high prevalence in bacterial populations despite defense systems, while costly plasmids may face extinction.
Development of an orthotopic medulloblastoma zebrafish model for rapid drug testing
Authors: van Bree Niek , Oppelt Ann-Sophie , Lindström Susanne , Zhou Leilei , Boutin Lola , Coyle Beth , Swartling Fredrik J , Johnsen John Inge , Bräutigam Lars , Wilhelm Margareta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in children. Current preclinical in vivo model systems for MB have increased our understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating MB development. However, they may not be suitable for large-scale studies. The aim of this study was to investigate if a zebrafish-based xenograft model can recapitulate MB growth and enable rapid drug testing.

Methods
Nine different MB cell lines or patient-derived cells were transplanted into blastula-stage zebrafish embryos. Tumor development and migration were then monitored using live imaging. RNA sequencing was performed to investigate transcriptome changes after conditioning cells in a neural stem cell-like medium. Furthermore, drug treatments were tested in a 96-well format.

Results
We demonstrate here that transplantation of MB cells into the blastula stage of zebrafish embryos leads to orthotopic tumor growth that can be observed within 24 h after transplantation. Importantly, the homing of transplanted cells to the hindbrain region and the aggressiveness of tumor growth are enhanced by pre-culturing cells in a neural stem cell-like medium. The change in culture conditions rewires the transcriptome toward a more migratory and neuronal phenotype, including the expression of guidance molecules SEMA3A and EFNB1, both of which correlate with lower overall survival in MB patients. Furthermore, we highlight that the orthotopic zebrafish MB model has the potential to be used for rapid drug testing.

Conclusions
Blastula-stage zebrafish MB xenografts present an alternative to current MB mouse xenograft models, enabling quick evaluation of tumor cell growth, neurotropism, and drug efficacy.
Longitudinal multimodal profiling of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma reveals the molecular evolution and cellular phenotypes underlying prognostically different treatment responses
Authors: Lucas Calixto-Hope G , Al-Adli Nadeem N , Young Jacob S , Gupta Rohit , Morshed Ramin A , Wu Jasper , Ravindranathan Ajay , Shai Anny , Oberheim Bush Nancy Ann , Taylor Jennie W , de Groot John , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E , Pekmezci Melike , Perry Arie , Bollen Andrew W , Theodosopoulos Philip V , Aghi Manish K , Chang Edward F , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L , Raleigh David R , Molinaro Annette M , Costello Joseph F , Diaz Aaron A , Clarke Jennifer L , Butowski Nicholas A , Phillips Joanna J , Chang Susan M , Berger Mitchel S , Solomon David A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite recent advances in the biology of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, it remains a devastating disease with median survival of less than 2 years. However, the molecular underpinnings of the heterogeneous response to the current standard-of-care treatment regimen consisting of maximal safe resection, adjuvant radiation, and chemotherapy with temozolomide remain unknown.

Methods
Comprehensive histopathologic, genomic, and epigenomic evaluation of paired initial and recurrent glioblastoma specimens from 106 patients was performed to investigate the molecular evolution and cellular phenotypes underlying differential treatment responses.

Results
While TERT promoter mutation and CDKN2A homozygous deletion were early events during gliomagenesis shared by initial and recurrent tumors, most other recurrent genetic alterations (eg, EGFR, PTEN, and NF1) were commonly private to initial or recurrent tumors indicating acquisition later during clonal evolution. Furthermore, glioblastomas exhibited heterogeneous epigenomic evolution with subsets becoming more globally hypermethylated, hypomethylated, or remaining stable. Glioblastoma that underwent sarcomatous transformation had shorter interval to recurrence and were significantly enriched in NF1, TP53, and RB1 alterations and the mesenchymal epigenetic class. Patients who developed somatic hypermutation following temozolomide treatment had significantly longer interval to disease recurrence and prolonged overall survival, and increased methylation at 4 specific CpG sites in the promoter region of MGMT was significantly associated with this development of hypermutation. Finally, an epigenomic evolution signature incorporating change in DNA methylation levels across 347 critical CpG sites was developed that significantly correlated with clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
Glioblastoma undergoes heterogeneous genetic, epigenetic, and cellular evolution that underlies prognostically different treatment responses.
Genetic Signature of a Healthy Lifestyle: New Horizons for Preventing Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases by Modulating MicroRNA-155
Authors: Coutinho-Wolino Karen S , Brito Michele L , Trigueira Pricilla C , de Menezes Larissa O , do Nascimento Clara S , Stockler-Pinto Milena B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The development and progression of several noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are associated with microRNA (miR) 155 (miR-155) activation, which promotes inflammation and oxidative stress. In particular, miR-155 regulates nuclear transcription factor–kappa B (NF-κB) by silencing gene expression of proteins involved in NF-κB suppression, such as suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SH-2 containing inositol 5′ polyphosphate 1 (SHIP1), increases the production of reactive oxygen species, and suppresses gene expression of antioxidant enzymes through nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibition. In this context, a healthy lifestyle based on a diet rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds as well as regular physical activity may modulate the activity of several miRs. Following this concept, studies involving nutrients, bioactive compounds, and physical activity have been developed to modulate miR-155 activation. This narrative review aims to discuss how a healthy lifestyle based on a diet rich in nutrients, bioactive compounds, and physical activity may modulate the miR-155 pathway and consequently prevent the development and progression of NCDs. Nutrients and bioactive compounds from food may act by inhibiting pathways that promote miR-155 activation such as NF-κB and promote activation of pathways that are associated with the downregulation of miR-155, such as Nrf2, and SOCS1 pathways. Regular physical activity also seems to influence miR-155 levels through an improvement in the immune system during muscle recovery. There is relevant evidence that shows a positive effect of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and physical activity with the modulation of miR-155, which can potentially provide benefits in the clinical setting in cases of NCDs.
Rural children know cavity-nesting birds of the Atlantic Forest but may underappreciate their critical habitat
Authors: Bonaparte Eugenia Bianca , Ibarra José Tomás , Liefländer Anne K , Sosa Marcos Hugo , Cockle Kristina L 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Cavity-nesting birds are a diverse and charismatic community, with a common need for tree cavities that make them vulnerable to land management by humans. However, little research has formally integrated human social aspects into management recommendations for the conservation of cavity-nesting birds. In agroecosystems, people’s management decisions modify and define the habitat availability for native cavity-nesting species. These behaviors during adulthood are related to people’s worldviews and are shaped, in part, by childhood experiences. Ongoing forest loss may reduce opportunities for children to interact with and learn from cavity-nesting birds and their habitats. We used a social–ecological framework to assess rural children’s knowledge and representations of native cavity-nesting birds and their habitats in agroecosystems of the threatened Atlantic Forest of Argentina. We employed “freelists” and “draw-and-explain” strategies with 235 children from 19 rural schools and then compared results with a 4-year dataset of trees (n = 328) and tree-cavity nests (n = 164) in the same study area. Children listed a high diversity (93 taxa) of native cavity-nesting birds, especially parrots (Psittacidae), toucans (Ramphastidae), and woodpeckers (Picidae), which they mostly recognized as cavity nesters. However, children drew agricultural landscapes with few of the habitat features that these birds require (e.g., tree cavities, native forest). Exotic trees were overrepresented in drawings (40% of mentions) compared to our field dataset of nests (10%) and trees on farms (15%). Although children mentioned and depicted a high diversity of native cavity-nesting birds, our results may reveal a problematic extinction of experience regarding how these birds interact with their habitat. To strengthen children’s contextualized knowledge and promote their long-term commitment to the conservation of cavity-nesting species, we recommend fostering meaningful experiences for children to interact with native cavity-nesting birds and recognize their habitat needs. A version of this article translated into Spanish is available in Supplementary Material 1.
OsKANADI1 and OsYABBY5 regulate rice plant height by targeting GIBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE6
Authors: He Qi , Wu Hao , Zeng Longjun , Yin Caiyun , Wang Li , Tan Yiqing , Lv Wanqing , Liao Zhiqiang , Zheng Xuelian , Zhang Shuting , Han Qinqin , Wang Danning , Zhang Yong , Xiong Guosheng , Wang Quan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Plant height is an important agronomic characteristic of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Map-based cloning analyses of a natural semi-dwarf rice mutant with inwardly curled leaves found in the field revealed that the defects were due to a mutation of a SHAQKYF-class MYB family transcription factor, OsKANADI1 (OsKAN1). OsKAN1 directly bound to the OsYABBY5 (OsYAB5) promoter to repress its expression and interacted with OsYAB5 to form a functional OsKAN1–OsYAB5 complex. GIBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE6 (OsGA2ox6), encoding an enzyme in the gibberellin (GA) catabolic pathway, was activated by OsYAB5. Furthermore, the OsKAN1–OsYAB5 complex suppressed the inhibitory effect of OsKAN1 toward OsYAB5 and inhibited OsYAB5-induced OsGA2ox6 expression. The proOsKAN1:OsYAB5 transgenic plants were taller than wild-type plants, whereas oskan1 proOsKAN1:OsYAB5 plants exhibited a severe dwarf phenotype due to the absence of the OsKAN1–OsYAB5 complex. The OsKAN1–OsYAB5 complex modulated OsGA2ox6 expression, thereby regulating the levels of bioactive gibberellins and, consequently, plant height. This study elucidated the mechanism underlying the effect of the OsKAN1-OsYAB5-OsGA2ox6 regulatory pathway on plant height at different positions in rice stems and provided insights on stem development and candidate genes for the aerial architecture improvement of crop plants.
Risk-Adjusted Returns of Private Equity Funds: A New Approach
Authors: Korteweg Arthur , Nagel Stefan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a new metric, α, to benchmark the performance of individual private equity funds. Our metric is substantially less sensitive to noise in fund cash flows compared to the popular public market equivalent (PME) and its generalization (GPME), while having the same aggregate pricing implications as GPME. For a large data set of fund cash flows, α estimates have much lower standard deviation across funds than does (G)PME. For buyout funds, PME and α are close, but deviate in certain subsamples. Using α increases power in regressions involving fund performance and improves performance predictability of future funds.
Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: what have we learned and what do we still need to learn?
Authors: Hofman Zonne L M , Roodenrijs Nadia M T , Nikiphorou Elena , Kent Alison L , Nagy György , Welsing Paco M J , van Laar Jaap M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Difficult-to-treat RA (D2T RA) is an area of high unmet need. The prevalence reported in the first D2T RA cohort studies ranged from 5.5% to 27.5%. Key to the definition is a conviction by the patient and/or rheumatologist that disease management has become problematic and failure of at least two biological or targeted synthetic DMARDs. D2T RA is a multifactorial disease state which was reflected in data from D2T RA cohort studies: these pointed towards high prevalence of comorbidities and/or lower socioeconomic status in D2T RA subgroups, while others had persistent symptoms without these factors being present. A holistic approach is necessary to identify the root problems underlying D2T RA in individual patients. In this review, biological and non-biological drivers that should be considered to be optimized will be discussed in view of what we have learned from patient data emerging from the first D2T RA cohort studies.
Risk Factors for Late-Onset Psychosis: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Skinner Joseph P , Shinn Ann K , Moran Lauren V 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The onset of schizophrenia occurs after the age of 40 in up to 20% of cases. We aim to depict risk factors for first-episode psychosis after the age of 40 by comparing late-onset psychosis (LOP) patients to healthy age-matched controls.

Study Design
In this case-control study using electronic health records, 142 individuals aged 40–65 years with an encounter for a first episode of psychosis between 2013 and 2021 were included. Four controls (N = 568) were matched to each case on age, sex, race, and year of encounter. Potential risk factors for the primary analysis were captured via structured data and text-mining of medical notes. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the odds of LOP with potential risk factors.

Study Results
After adjusting for all variables in the main analysis, odds for LOP were increased by immigration (OR 3.30, 95% CI, 1.56–6.98), depression (OR 3.58, 95% CI, 2.01–6.38), anxiety (OR 2.12, 95% CI, 1.20–3.75), cannabis use (OR 3.00, 95% CI, 1.36–6.61), alcohol use disorder (OR 5.46, 95% CI, 2.41–12.36), polysubstance use (OR 4.22, 95% CI, 1.30–13.7), severe trauma (OR 2.29, 95% CI, 1.08–4.48), and caregiver burden (OR 15.26, 95% CI, 3.85–60.48).

Conclusions
Life stressors along with the effects of substance use and other psychiatric conditions may confer some risk to the development of LOP. Replication is required in independent prospective studies. Further research is necessary to truly parse out which of these factors belong on the causal pathway.