bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsea Demulsifier Injection to Reduce Emulsion Viscosity and Enhance Crude Oil Production
Authors: Khalil de Oliveira Márcia Cristina , Fulchignoni de Paiva Lívia , Meireles Francis Assis , Mendes Rafael , Dias da Silva Plínio Martins , Gonçalves Machado Lucas 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions are formed during the simultaneous flow of oil and co-produced water through the well and production pipelines. The viscosity increment due to stable w/o emulsion formation may lead to important production losses as friction pressure drop increases. The emulsion viscosity is affected by a number of factors, such as water content, oil viscosity, temperature, droplet size and the presence of solids. Rheological evaluations using synthesized emulsions of different Brazilian crude oils at different water contents showed the viscosity of a w/o emulsion at 50% water cut is about 5 to 9 times that of the oil and about 6 to 90 times at 70% of water cut. The experimental works presented here shows that emulsion breaker treatment is a good alternative to reduce crude oil emulsion overall viscosity and, consequently, improve production. This paper investigates this effect in two wells from Campos Basin, offshore Brazil.
For these two wells, field implementation of subsea demulsifier treatment resulted in a 47% additional oil production uplift, an increase of 3,000 bbl/d for the Company. Besides, these subsea chemical injections also promoted flow stabilization which allowed the opening of the production choke, restrained due to slug flow limitations at the top side treatment unit.
Despite the good results, further investigation was conducted to understand differences in oil production increment from each well. Thus, new laboratory tests (bench and flow loop) and multiphase flow simulations were performed based on field data in order to evaluate the difference in demulsifiers performance considering the fluid and flow characteristics. The results have shown that higher oil production is observed in wells that produce stable emulsions above 30% water cut, flowing with Reynolds number lower than 105. The additional oil production obtained in the field and confirmed by multiphase flow simulations at steady-state and transient regimes occurred primarily by the reduction of the frictional pressure drop. Secondary effects included flow stabilization, which allowed the choke opening and the consequent top side pressure reduction.
As crude oil emulsions are formed in most all oil production systems in its lifetime, the emulsion breaker’s subsea injection implementation is a concealed production uplift opportunity. The novelty of this study is in the discussion of the ability to define a criterion to select chemicals and wells to improve crude oil production in offshore systems.
Benefits of Using an Electric Choke for Subsea Applications
Authors: Rubio A. , Zeid H. Abu , Meyer J. H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
An electric choke can be an essential component of a subsea system and could represent the next major leap in subsea innovation. This paper presents the added functionality that an electric choke can bring to a subsea system during production startups and shutdowns as well as how it can improve condition monitoring and downhole instrumentation protection.
The electric choke can be easily integrated to a hydraulic or electric control system. It is driven by a motor and does not require stepping, therefore enabling greater control and precision. A comparison is presented between typical operations of a field using a traditional hydraulic choke versus an electric choke. We will also look at some of the additional benefits an infinite number of positions can bring to the system for production and injection field operations.
Electrically actuated chokes provide several advantages during production startup and shutdown. An unlimited number of precise positionings means that wells can be brought onstream and shut down gradually to prevent formation damage.
For monitoring purposes, there is an improved response time in diagnostics and interpretation of measurements coming from the downhole valves, sensors, wellhead, and subsea instrumentation. This improved response and additional information, including actuator motor power consumption, actuator motor speed, and valve and choke position, enable better condition monitoring, and through predictive analytics, uptime can be optimized and interventions can be reduced.
In long-offset fields, electrically actuated chokes provide protection of downhole equipment, such as surface-controlled subsea safety valves (SCSSVs) and downhole screens. Electric subsea production control systems have been around since the late 1990s. Because of the recent economic climate, the industry is now looking for more effective ways to produce hydrocarbons, and removing hydraulics from the system seems to be a cost-effective and technically feasible solution. Electrically actuating chokes provides great benefits and opens the door for fully electric systems in the future.
Uncertainty Analysis in Well Test Interpretation - The Conservation Principles
Authors: Kubota L. K. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Traditionally, Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) has been performed following a deterministic agenda. However, parameters used to quantify permeability and reservoir geometry might be plagued with uncertainty, unavailable or utterly unreliable. Given a set of uncertain rock and fluid data modeled as probability density functions (PDFs), this paper shows that by preserving two quantities in the log-log pressure-derivative domain, one can promptly build permeability and reservoir dimensions PDFs consistent with the well-test pressure history.
Diagnosis and management of root resorption in traumatized teeth: Report of two cases
Authors: Lima Thiago Farias Rocha , Neto Julio Vargas , Soares Adriana de Jesus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInternal resorption (IR) is a progressive process initiated within the pulp space with the loss of dentin. Although trauma and pulp inflammation/infection are the major contributory factors in the initiation of IR, all the etiologic factors and the pathogenesis have not yet been completely elucidated. Cervical external resorption is defined as a localized resorptive process that commences on the surface of the root below the epithelial attachment and the coronal aspect of the supporting alveolar process, namely, the zone of the connective tissue attachment. This report is presented two cases of root resorption (external cervical resorption and inflammatory IR) in traumatized teeth where cone beam computed tomography has been used as an important diagnostic tool. Treatment of external cervical resorption involved endodontics and periodontics. In case with inflammatory IR, only endodontic treatment was necessary. The postoperative course was uneventful and a stable clinical outcome was obtained.
Changes in student evaluations of a medical ethics class 3 years later
Authors: Tonami Ken-ichi , Umemori Sachi , Nitta Hiroshi , Araki Kouji , Mataki Shiro 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Aims: The present study investigated changes in the student evaluations of a medical ethics class after studying in dental school for an additional 3 years.Materials and Methods: A problem-based learning medical ethics class in which students discuss the “right to death with dignity” using video material as a trigger was offered to third-year students at the School of Dentistry. At the end of the class, each student submitted a report describing their own opinions of the ethical questions raised as well as their impression of the class. Three years later, the same students were surveyed regarding cognitive changes in class evaluations. The changes in class evaluations were statistically analyzed with reference to the contents of the initial report (P < 0.05). Results: Student evaluations of the class rose 3 years later. One reason for the evaluation rise was considered to be the growth in their reflection capacity during additional years of learning experience in the dental school. Students whose report demonstrated that they were engaged by the ethical dilemma tended to raise their evaluation of the class. On the other hand, students who mentioned the difficulty of the task or the shocking images in the video material in their initial report did not raise their evaluation later. Thus, students’ perception of the task or setting in the class appeared to have a continuing effect on their evaluation. Conclusion: The results confirmed that student evaluations of a class would change after additional years of learning experience.
Fast heterogeneous N2O5 uptake and ClNO2 production in power plant and industrial plumes observed in the nocturnal residual layer over the North China Plain
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Weihao , Tham Yee Jun , Li Qinyi , Wang Hao , Wen Liang , Wang Xinfeng , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2) are key species in nocturnal tropospheric chemistry and have significant effects on particulate nitrate formation and the following day's photochemistry through chlorine radical production and NOx recycling upon photolysis of ClNO2. To better understand the roles of N2O5 and ClNO2 in the high-aerosol-loading environment of northern China, an intensive field study was carried out at a high-altitude site (Mt. Tai, 1465 m a.s.l.) in the North China Plain (NCP) during the summer of 2014. Elevated ClNO2 plumes were frequently observed in the nocturnal residual layer with a maximum mixing ratio of 2.1 ppbv (1 min), whilst N2O5 was typically present at very low levels (< 30 pptv), indicating fast heterogeneous N2O5 hydrolysis. Combined analyses of chemical characteristics and backward trajectories indicated that the ClNO2-laden air was caused by the transport of NOx-rich plumes from the coal-fired industry and power plants in the NCP. The heterogeneous N2O5 uptake coefficient (γ) and ClNO2 yield (ϕ) were estimated from steady-state analysis and observed growth rate of ClNO2. The derived γ and ϕ exhibited high variability, with means of 0.061 ± 0.025 and 0.28 ± 0.24, respectively. These values are higher than those derived from previous laboratory and field studies in other regions and cannot be well characterized by model parameterizations. Fast heterogeneous N2O5 reactions dominated the nocturnal NOx loss in the residual layer over this region and contributed to substantial nitrate formation of up to 17 µg m−3. The estimated nocturnal nitrate formation rates ranged from 0.2 to 4.8 µg m−3 h−1 in various plumes, with a mean of 2.2  ± 1.4 µg m−3 h−1. The results demonstrate the significance of heterogeneous N2O5 reactivity and chlorine activation in the NCP, and their unique and universal roles in fine aerosol formation and NOx transformation, and thus their potential impacts on regional haze pollution in northern China.
Sensitivity analysis of the meteorological preprocessor MPP-FMI 3.0 using algorithmic differentiation
Authors: Backman John , Wood Curtis R. , Auvinen Mikko , Kangas Leena , Hannuniemi Hanna , Karppinen Ari , Kukkonen Jaakko 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The meteorological input parameters for urban- and local-scale dispersion models can be evaluated by preprocessing meteorological observations, using a boundary-layer parameterisation model. This study presents a sensitivity analysis of a meteorological preprocessor model (MPP-FMI) that utilises readily available meteorological data as input. The sensitivity of the preprocessor to meteorological input was analysed using algorithmic differentiation (AD). The AD tool used was TAPENADE. The AD method numerically evaluates the partial derivatives of functions that are implemented in a computer program. In this study, we focus on the evaluation of vertical fluxes in the atmosphere and in particular on the sensitivity of the predicted inverse Obukhov length and friction velocity on the model input parameters. The study shows that the estimated inverse Obukhov length and friction velocity are most sensitive to wind speed and second most sensitive to solar irradiation. The dependency on wind speed is most pronounced at low wind speeds. The presented results have implications for improving the meteorological preprocessing models. AD is shown to be an efficient tool for studying the ranges of sensitivities of the predicted parameters on the model input values quantitatively. A wider use of such advanced sensitivity analysis methods could potentially be very useful in analysing and improving the models used in atmospheric sciences.
SMOS near-real-time soil moisture product: processor overview and first validation results
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Nemesio J. , Muñoz Sabater Joaquin , Richaume Philippe , de Rosnay Patricia , Kerr Yann H. , Albergel Clement , Drusch Matthias , Mecklenburg Susanne 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Measurements of the surface soil moisture (SM) content are important for a wide range of applications. Among them, operational hydrology and numerical weather prediction, for instance, need SM information in near-real-time (NRT), typically not later than 3 h after sensing. The European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite is the first mission specifically designed to measure SM from space. The ESA Level 2 SM retrieval algorithm is based on a detailed geophysical modelling and cannot provide SM in NRT. This paper presents the new ESA SMOS NRT SM product. It uses a neural network (NN) to provide SM in NRT. The NN inputs are SMOS brightness temperatures for horizontal and vertical polarizations and incidence angles from 30 to 45°. In addition, the NN uses surface soil temperature from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS). The NN was trained on SMOS Level 2 (L2) SM. The swath of the NRT SM retrieval is somewhat narrower (∼ 915 km) than that of the L2 SM dataset (∼ 1150 km), which implies a slightly lower revisit time. The new SMOS NRT SM product was compared to the SMOS Level 2 SM product. The NRT SM data show a standard deviation of the difference with respect to the L2 data of < 0.05 m3 m−3 in most of the Earth and a Pearson correlation coefficient higher than 0.7 in large regions of the globe. The NRT SM dataset does not show a global bias with respect to the L2 dataset but can show local biases of up to 0.05 m3 m−3 in absolute value. The two SMOS SM products were evaluated against in situ measurements of SM from more than 120 sites of the SCAN (Soil Climate Analysis Network) and the USCRN (US Climate Reference Network) networks in North America. The NRT dataset obtains similar but slightly better results than the L2 data. In summary, the NN SMOS NRT SM product exhibits performances similar to those of the Level 2 SM product but it has the advantage of being available in less than 3.5 h after sensing, complying with NRT requirements. The new product is processed at ECMWF and it is distributed by ESA and via the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) multicast service (EUMETCast).
Satisfação do paciente e acompanhante quanto ao atendimento de necessidades de cuidados de enfermagem
Authors: Martins Priscila Fernandes , Perroca Marcia Galan 
Published: October 2017

Estudo descritivo-exploratório conduzido junto a 411 pacientes e seus acompanhantes com o propósito de examinar a percepção e nível de satisfação de ambos quanto ao atendimento das necessidades de cuidados durante o período de hospitalização e, também, verificar a associação deste nível com variáveis sociodemográficas e características da hospitalização e da unidade. Na coleta de dados foi utilizado instrumento autoadministrado. O escore de satisfação dos pacientes/acompanhantes variou de 3,6(0,4) a 4,6(0,4). As necessidades emocionais e espirituais (81 e 82%), segurança (83 e 67%) e atenção (87 e 61%) foram as mais atendidas. Encontrou-se associação entre satisfação e algumas variáveis sociodemográficas e características da hospitalização. De maneira geral, os pacientes e seus acompanhantes mostraram-se satisfeitos com o atendimento das necessidades de cuidados, porém algumas áreas importantes apresentaram déficit de satisfação demandando maior atenção da equipe de enfermagem.
Screening of Chemical Dyes in Traditional Chinese Medicine by HPTLC-MS
Authors: He Fengyan , He Yi , Zheng Xiaowei , Wang Ruizhong , Lu Jing , Dai Zhong , Ma Shuangcheng 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
It has been uncovered that chemical dyes are illegally used in traditional Chinese medicines to brighten color and cover up inferiority, which threaten the safety of patients. In the present study, an HPTLC-MS method was developed for the effective screening of 11 chemical dyes (Sudan I, II, III, and IV; 808 Scarlet; Sudan Red 7B; malachite green; Basic Orange 2; auramine; Orange II; and erythrosine) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) raw materials and Chinese patent medicines. Firstly, unwashed HPTLC plates were chosen by comparing the background signals of the TLC plates used directly and prewashed with analytical grade and HPLC grade solvents. Twice developments were conducted to isolate chemical dyes of different polarity. Possible adulterants were preliminarily identified by comparing Rf values and in situ UV-Vis spectra with those of the references. Further confirmation was conducted by tandem MS analysis via an elution head-based TLC-MS interface. Sudan I and IV, 808 Scarlet, and Orange II were successfully detected in eight batches of TCM. The proposed method could be applied as a reliable technology for the screening of chemical dyes in TCM.
Teoretické a praktické aspekty spojené se správou justice
Authors: Šámal Pavel , Deáková Katarína 
Published: October 2017

Článek pojednává o teoretických a praktických aspektech spojených se správou justice. Po nastínění teoretických modelů správy soudnictví je podrobněji rozebrána podoba ministerského modelu fungujícího v Spolkové republice Německo a je poukázáno na negativní zkušenosti s fungováním soudních rad na Slovensku a v Maďarsku. Další část příspěvku analyzuje jednotlivé aspekty správy justice v České republice a v souvislosti s tím upozorňuje na nedostatky a úskalí současného modelu. Přestože absence Nejvyšší rady soudnictví nemusí představovat strukturální nedostatek systému, orgán typu Nejvyšší rady soudnictví podílející se na správě soudnictví, jehož působnost, odpovídající struktura a způsob ustavení jsou přesně vymezeny, může být vhodným aktérem k řešení nedostatků české justice. V závěru se článek zaměřuje na aspekty vytvoření a uspořádání nejvyšší rady soudnictví v České republice.
Zdravotní stav coby důvod ochrany cizince
Authors: Hájek Michal 
Published: October 2017

Faktor zdravotního stavu je jedním z klíčových aspektů ovlivňujících migraci. Na straně jedné fakticky předurčuje, zda cizinec vůbec bude ochoten či schopen odejít ze země původu, na straně druhé ovšem stejně tak hraje roli tehdy, má-li se cizinec do země původu navrátit. V případech vážně nemocných cizinců je pak dokonce nutné zvažovat, zda nucené navrácení cizince či neposkytnutí mezinárodní ochrany mohou představovat porušení zásady non-refoulement. Tento příspěvek se pokouší analyzovat vývoj judikatury Evropského soudu pro lidská práva, Soudního dvora Evropské unie a Nejvyššího správního soudu k této problematice.
Procedural Justice and the Discursive Construction of Narratives at Trial
Authors: Janet Ainsworth  
Published: October 2017

The structure and practices of justice systems in many parts of the world are undergoing what can be seen as a kind of revolution – and one not merely of professional interest to lawyers and judges. What we are seeing in nation after nation is a move from inquisitorial models of legal adjudication toward adversarial models. The discourses of adjudication in these contrasting types of trials are changing the ways in which lawyers, judges, and witnesses come to see their role in the process. The change has implications that extend far beyond the courtrooms in which trials play out, however. Because the shift from inquisitorial to adversarial justice models determines how legal narratives are created and deployed in trials, this change has the potential to impact popular perceptions of legal legitimacy, which in turn has implications for the relationship of citizens to their government and justice systems. This article will detail the global character of this change in the nature of the discourse used in legal adjudication and will explore its potential ramifications for legal professionals and for society more generally.
Good health across languages: how access to healthcare by non-Italian speaking patients is ensured in Italy. A case study.
Authors: Eugenia Dal Fovo  
Published: October 2017

This study aims at investigating healthcare interaction first and foremost as a form of institutional talk-in-interaction (Schegloff 1990), which, when interpretermediated, requires an adjustment of discourse practices and configuration (Pöchhacker and Shlesinger 2007), with a shift in the distribution of powers in terms of turn allocation and interaction coordination (Baraldi and Gavioli 2012). Real-life data are collected in the “Healthcare Interpreting Quality 2014-2015 Corpus” (HCIQ.1415) compiled by Dal Fovo (forthcoming). By necessarily drawing on analytical frameworks such as Conversation Analysis (Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson 1974) and interactional sociolinguistics (Gumperz 1982), recurring phenomena in the examined interactions will be identified and studied from a functional point of view (Levinson 1983). In particular, the analysis focuses on episodes that highlight interpreters’ choices promoting or excluding emotions (cf. Farini 2015), by tentatively applying Merlini and Gatti’s (2015) theoretical framework to the data. Results shall ideally serve as orientation for professionals to deal with ELFrelated issues that usually emerge in interpreter-mediated doctor-patient interactions, by considering such communication instances as a specific kind of discourse, rather than a mere deviation from the norm – i.e. monolingual doctor-patient interactions.
Development of a French as a foreign language teacher’s “teaching repertoire” in and through retrospective interviews and reflection
Authors: Fumiya Ishikawa  
Published: October 2017

The retrospective interview carried out as part of foreign language teacher training in France constitutes a complex “polyphonic” (Bakhtin [1975] 1981) situation, where the trainee’s discourse is articulated as a component of “external dialogue” (Vološinov [1929] 1986) with that of the trainer – and sometimes also that of other participating trainees. Each of them refers to, as an element of “internal dialogue” (ibidem), what the trainee said or did in the classroom with and in relation to his/her students as well as what they said or did as action or reaction; that is to say, the classroom interaction in itself can be characterized as an “external dialogue” situation. In focusing on French as a foreign language teacher training, this paper aims to reveal, from a discourse analysis viewpoint, how three elements of retrospective interviews – discourses articulated in relation to each other, the trainee’s retrospective reflection on his/her classroom action and/or his/her students’ (re)actions, and the potential development of his/her ‘teaching repertoire’ – are related to one another.