bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the mechanical and flammability properties of aluminum hydroxide and hollow glass beads‐filled polypropylene composites
Authors: Zheng Yitao , Gu Fu , Wang Zheng , Zhou Yun , Xu Liqiang , Hall Philip 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLightweight polypropylene (PP) composites with high flame retardancy and high thermal stability were required for automobile, electrical and electronic applications. Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and two hollow glass beads (HGB) were selected as fillers for polypropylene composite fabrication. The incorporation of 10 wt% HGB (iM30K) into the PP matrix leads to a 3.5% density reduction, and 10 wt% Al(OH)3 increased the density by 5.4%. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) showed the lowest PHRR of 536.6 kW/m2 and peak smoke production rate of 0.061 m2/s was recorded for 10 wt% HGB (iM30K) loading. The formulation with 10 wt% Al(OH)3 loading had the lowest flammability; however, the Al(OH)3 content was not sufficient for a consistent flame‐resistant performance. The incorporation of HGB and Al(OH)3 resulted in an enhancement of both tensile and flexural modulus; however, it was observed that the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths exhibited a decrement with an increase in the concentration of HGB or Al(OH)3. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicated that at the same filler content, HGB (S60HS) filled PP composites have the highest thermal stability among the prepared composites.Highlights
Effects of HGB and Al(OH)3 on flame retardancy and thermal stability of PP.
Small size HGB (iM30K) exhibited superior smoke suppression performance.
Effects of HGB on density reduction of PP based composites.
Mechanical properties of HGB or Al(OH)3 filled PP were investigated.
The SEM images revealed the breakage and dispersion of HGB in the composites.
Wissen zu und Umsetzung von institutionellen Schutzkonzepten in deutschen Krankenhäusern als Teil des medizinischen Kinderschutzes
Authors: Eberhardt Anna , Sterz-Burdack Verena , König Elisa , Fegert Jörg M. , Hoffmann Ulrike 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aktuelle Studien zeigen die hohe Prävalenz von Kindesmisshandlung in Deutschland und dass Übergriffe durch Krankenhauspersonal ebenfalls ein Problem darstellen. Seit 2020 fordert der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss institutionelle Schutzkonzepte (ISK) zum Schutz und zur Unterstützung von Betroffenen in Kliniken. Diese Untersuchung hat zum Ziel, zu analysieren, wie hoch Wissen und Handlungskompetenzen zu Kindesmisshandlungen bei Krankenhausmitarbeitenden sind und inwiefern ISK in Krankenhäusern umgesetzt werden.

Methoden
Es wurden 1011 Teilnehmende vor dem Belegen zweier Online-Kurse zu Kinderschutz und Schutzmaßnahmen in Krankenhäusern zu selbsteingeschätztem Wissens- und Kompetenzstand im Kinderschutz und Auftreten von Misshandlungsfällen und Schutzmaßnahmen in der eigenen Einrichtung befragt. Die Daten wurden mittels deskriptiver Verfahren ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigt sich, dass Wissen und Kompetenzen von Krankenhausmitarbeitenden zu Kinderschutz im Mittelfeld liegen. Besonders häufig werden in Krankenhäusern Misshandlungsfälle wahrgenommen, die außerhalb der Institution begangen werden, aber auch Gewalt durch Mitarbeitende bzw. gleichaltrige Mitpatient*innen spielt eine bedeutende Rolle. 93,6 % der Befragten gaben an, dass ihre Einrichtung bereits mindestens ein Element eines ISK entwickelt habe, allerdings berichteten nur 1,0 % der Befragten, dass bereits alle abgefragten Elemente vollständig entwickelt wurden.

Diskussion
Krankenhäuser in Deutschland scheinen sich überwiegend auf den Weg gemacht zu haben, Kinder und Jugendliche besser vor Misshandlung zu schützen und Betroffene zu unterstützen. Allerdings bestehen nach wie vor noch Defizite bei den Kompetenzen der Mitarbeitenden und der Umsetzung der ISK-Elemente. Hierfür müssen mehr Ressourcen von den Trägern der Krankenhäuser und von der öffentlichen Hand zur Verfügung gestellt werden.
Radiological features of pancreatic desmoid-type fibromatosis: a case series and systematic review
Authors: Tanishima Tomoya , Kurokawa Ryo , Sone Miyuki , Nakai Yudai , Kusumoto Masahiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the radiological features of pancreatic desmoid-type fibromatosis (PDF) and systematically review the previous publications and two new cases.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core Collection and included 31 patients with pathologically proven PDFs with analyzable preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, including two patients from our institution and 29 patients from 28 publications. Two board-certified radiologists reviewed all images.

Results
The median age of the patients was 39 years, with a male dominance observed (male, 54.8% vs. female, 45.2%). Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom, occurring in 58.1% of cases. Surgical resection was performed in all cases of PDFs, resulting in a recurrence rate of 8.3% (2/24). The tumors were most commonly located in the pancreatic tail (23/31, 74.2%). In terms of morphology, a “solid” shape was most prevalent (14/31, 45.2%), followed by a “solid and cystic” shape (9/31, 29.0%) and a “cystic” shape (8/31, 25.8%). Characteristic radiological features included heterogeneous enhancement of the solid portion of the tumors on CT scans (13/20, 65%), moderate-to-weak enhancement in the late phase on CT (16/17, 94.1%), and a presence of cystic components in the tumors (17/31, 54.8%). In 16.1% (5/31) of PDFs, the cystic component was pathologically confirmed to be a dilated pancreatic duct.

Conclusion
We summarized the clinical and imaging characteristics of PDF. Although the incidence may not be high, cystic components suggesting a dilated pancreatic duct within the tumor are unique imaging features in PDF.
Open plate fixation in displaced pediatric proximal humerus fractures is safe and leads to very good functional outcomes
Authors: Oenning Sebastian , Michel Philipp A. , Vehring Imke , Heilmann Lukas , Katthagen J. Christoph , Raschke Michael J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
In displaced pediatric proximal humerus fractures (PHF), surgical treatment ranges from closed to open procedures. Soft tissue interposition can impede closed reduction, making open techniques necessary. While K-wire fixation and elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) lead to good results, plate fixation could be an alternative in patients with limited growth potential and highly unstable or insufficiently retained fractures. Only few studies with low sample sizes have assessed plate fixation, yet. In this study, the outcome of pediatric PHFs treated with plate fixation was evaluated.

Materials and methods
We present a retrospective case series of 18 patients with open growth plates and unilateral, displaced PHFs, treated with plate fixation. The mean age at trauma was 12.1 years (± 2.4), the mean follow-up was 6.52 years (± 4.37). A mean fracture angulation of 32.3° (± 10.89°) was seen. Postoperative assessments included range of motion, clinical scores [Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Shoulder Score, Pediatric/Adolescent Shoulder Score (PASS), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score], radiological parameters and subjective satisfaction.

Results
All patients showed excellent results in SST (99.4% ± 0.02), SSV (98.3% ± 0.04), ASES-score (100% ± 0) and PASS (0.99 ± 0.01). In the DASH-score, 17 patients had excellent results, one patient showed a good outcome. Fracture healing occurred in all patients without complications. Eight patients complained about bothering scars. Age, gender and fracture morphology did not affect the outcome. Revision surgery after secondary fracture dislocation did not show a worsened outcome compared to primary plate fixation. Physeal growth plate bridging implants did not worsen the outcome. The timing of implant removal within the first 6 months postoperatively did not affect long-term function.

Conclusion
Plate fixation is a safe option in pediatric patients with limited growth potential and highly displaced PHFs. Plate fixation led to a good to excellent functional outcome, regardless of fracture morphology and implant positioning. A higher invasiveness and the need for implant removal must be considered.
Measuring public relative importance for agricultural and rural multifunctionality: an application of case 1 best–worst scaling
Authors: Aizaki Hideo , Akahori Hirokazu , Yamamoto Yasutaka 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The concept of agricultural and rural multifunctionality expands the public’s understanding of the diverse roles of agriculture and rural areas. However, the establishment of the concept burdens governments with a complicated issue related to formulating an agricultural and rural policy, as the public could have diverse views on the functions that should be promoted via the policy. This study applies case 1 best–worst scaling to measure the relative importance of agricultural and rural multifunctionality in Japan. Sixteen functions, including the primary function of agriculture (agricultural commodity output), were addressed. The results show that, on average, agricultural commodity output was prioritized most, followed by disaster prevention-related, water-related, and biological conservation functions. The clustering results demonstrate that the individuals were divided into seven classes and that the relative importance of functions among the seven classes differed significantly. The heterogeneity in the relative importance of functions among the public indicates that social consensus on weighting multifunctional roles in agricultural and rural policies cannot be reached easily.
Interplay of acoustophoresis and dielectrophoresis in a standing surface acoustic wave field: from spherical to non-spherical particles
Authors: Sachs Sebastian , Schreier David , Brand Felix , Drese Klaus Stefan , Cierpka Christian , König Jörg 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStanding surface acoustic waves (sSAW) emerged as a flexible tool for precise manipulation of spherical and non-spherical objects in Lab-on-a-Chip devices. While the manipulation of suspended particles and cells in acoustofluidic devices is mostly dominated by acoustic forces due to acoustic scattering and the acoustically induced fluid flow, surface acoustic waves are inherently linked to an inhomogeneous electric field. The superimposed effects of dielectrophoretic forces and torques on polarizable particles are less explored in microfluidics using sSAW. In this study, a thorough analysis of the physical interplay of acoustophoresis and dielectrophoresis aims to bridge this gap. In comprehensive experiments, the dielectrophoretic impact on the behavior of spherical and non-spherical particles is distinguished by screening the electric field of the sSAW inside the micro channel locally. As a result, particles are forced into trapping locations across the entire channel height. However, the height position close to the bottom differs between the screened and non-screened region. Regardless of the shape of the particles used in this study, particles are forced towards the bottom at the region with screening, while being levitated at regions without screening. This indicates clearly the influence of the electric field in close vicinity to the substrate surface. Furthermore, the unintuitive preferred orientation of prolate spheroids perpendicular to the pressure nodes of the sSAW recently reported, is confirmed in both region regardless of the presence of the electric field. Based on a three-dimensional numerical model, this orientation results not only due to the acoustic torque but is also caused by the dielectrophoretic torque, which complement each other. The experimental and numerical findings are in excellent agreement and provide deep insights into the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for patterning and orientation of the particles.
Explainable Generative AI (GenXAI): a survey, conceptualization, and research agenda
Authors: Schneider Johannes 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGenerative AI (GenAI) represents a shift from AI’s ability to “recognize” to its ability to “generate” solutions for a wide range of tasks. As generated solutions and applications grow more complex and multi-faceted, new needs, objectives, and possibilities for explainability (XAI) have emerged. This work elaborates on why XAI has gained importance with the rise of GenAI and the challenges it poses for explainability research. We also highlight new and emerging criteria that explanations should meet, such as verifiability, interactivity, security, and cost considerations. To achieve this, we focus on surveying existing literature. Additionally, we provide a taxonomy of relevant dimensions to better characterize existing XAI mechanisms and methods for GenAI. We explore various approaches to ensure XAI, ranging from training data to prompting. Our paper provides a concise technical background of GenAI for non-technical readers, focusing on text and images to help them understand new or adapted XAI techniques for GenAI. However, due to the extensive body of work on GenAI, we chose not to delve into detailed aspects of XAI related to the evaluation and usage of explanations. Consequently, the manuscript appeals to both technical experts and professionals from other fields, such as social scientists and information systems researchers. Our research roadmap outlines over ten directions for future investigation.
On the hyperbolic group and subordinated integrals as operators on sequence Banach spaces
Authors: Abadias L. , Galé J. E. , Miana P. J. , Oliva-Maza J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe show that the composition hyperbolic group in the unit disc, once transferred to act on sequence spaces, is bounded on $$\ell^p$$

ℓ
p

if and only if $${p=2}$$

p
=
2

. We introduce some integral operators subordinated to that group which are natural generalizations of classical operators on sequences. For the description of such operators, we use some combinatorial identities which look interesting in their own.
Plant invasion down under: exploring the below-ground impact of invasive plant species on soil properties and invertebrate communities in the Central Plateau of New Zealand
Authors: Pearson Benjamin M. , Minor Maria A. , Robertson Alastair W. , Clavijo McCormick Andrea L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe impacts of invasive plants on arthropod communities are often reported to be negative and have predominantly been explored aboveground, but there is a paucity of information regarding what happens belowground. To address this gap, we compared soil properties and soil fauna communities associated with two native plant species (Leptospermum scoparium—mānuka and Chionochloa rubra—red tussock) and two invasive species (non-N-fixing Calluna vulgaris—European heather and N-fixing Cytisus scoparius—Scotch broom) in the Central Plateau of New Zealand. We expected that (1) at individual plant level soil properties would be different under invasive and native plant species, with higher soil nutrient concentrations under invasive species, especially N-fixing broom; (2) total abundance of soil fauna would be higher under invasive plant species, as generally positive impact of invasive plants on soil invertebrates is indicated in the literature; (3) invasive plants, and especially N-fixing broom, will be associated with greater abundances of soil decomposer groups. We found that soil properties and soil fauna assemblages did not cluster by plant invasive status as initially predicted. At individual plant level, there was similarity in soil conditions between mānuka and broom, and between red tussock and heather. The invasive N-fixer (broom) had positive effects on soil N availability, with higher N pool and lower C/N ratio in soil under this species. There were no consistent differences in total soil fauna abundance between invasive and native plants. Broom and mānuka were associated with higher abundances of Collembola, Oligochaeta and Diplopoda; heather and red tussock had higher abundances of Hymenoptera and Hemiptera. Significantly more Oligochaeta and Collembola under broom matched the prediction of invasive plants (and especially N-fixing invasives) being associated with greater abundances of decomposers. However, another important decomposer group—oribatid mites—did not show the same tendency. These results evidence that simplified generalizations regarding the impacts of invasive plants are unlikely to be justified, since the ecological effects of plant invasions are complex and do not always follow the same pattern. Therefore, we need to take into consideration the ecological context and the traits of individual plant species and target organisms in an unbiased manner to fully understand the impacts of plant invasions.
Discordance between peritumoral and subareolar injections for mapping sentinel lymph nodes in the breast
Authors: Situ Josephine , Walker Cameron , Jayathungage Don Tharanga D. , Suami Hiroo , Chung David K. V. , Reynolds Hayley M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is a common staging tool for breast cancer. Initially, peritumoral (PT) injections were used, however subareolar (SA) injections were later introduced to simplify the technique. Controversy remains regarding whether PT and SA injections map the same sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). This study aimed to determine whether the regional location of breast SLNs differs when using PT versus SA injections using a large dataset from a single institution.

Methods
A total of 1035 patients who underwent breast SNB (PT injections: n = 858 and SA injections: n = 177) with lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT/CT were included. The identified SLN locations using SA injections were compared with those using PT injections. Differences in drainage proportions and odds ratios (ORs) for each clockface breast region and the whole breast were calculated using a two-proportion z-test and Fisher’s Exact Test.

Results
A higher proportion of internal mammary SLNs were identified using PT injections for the whole breast (0.30 versus 0.09) and for all breast regions, with all regions showing statistical significance except the upper outer quadrant. Similarly, ORs showed identification of internal mammary SLNs was significantly higher when using PT injections (4.35, 95% CI 2.53 to 7.95). There were no significant differences in identifying axillary SLNs between injection sites.

Conclusion
This is the largest cohort study to compare the regional location of breast SLNs identified using PT injections versus SA injections. Discordance was shown in the SLNs identified between injection techniques, with PT injections more frequently identifying internal mammary SLNs.
Measuring Mathematical Skills in Early Childhood: a Systematic Review of the Psychometric Properties of Early Maths Assessments and Screeners
Authors: Outhwaite Laura A. , Aunio Pirjo , Leung Jaimie Ka Yu , Van Herwegen Jo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSuccessful early mathematical development is vital to children’s later education, employment, and wellbeing outcomes. However, established measurement tools are infrequently used to (i) assess children’s mathematical skills and (ii) identify children with or at-risk of mathematical learning difficulties. In response, this pre-registered systematic review aimed to provide an overview of measurement tools that have been evaluated for their psychometric properties for measuring the mathematical skills of children aged 0–8 years. The reliability and validity evidence reported for the identified measurement tools were then synthesised, including in relation to common acceptability thresholds. Overall, 41 mathematical assessments and 25 screeners were identified. Our study revealed five main findings. Firstly, most measurement tools were categorised as child-direct measures delivered individually with a trained assessor in a paper-based format. Secondly, the majority of the identified measurement tools have not been evaluated for aspects of reliability and validity most relevant to education measures, and only 15 measurement tools met the common acceptability thresholds for more than two areas of psychometric evidence. Thirdly, only four screeners demonstrated an acceptable ability to distinguish between typically developing children and those with or at-risk of mathematical learning difficulties. Fourthly, only one mathematical assessment and one screener met the common acceptability threshold for predictive validity. Finally, only 11 mathematical assessments and one screener were found to concurrently align with other validated measurement tools. Building on this current evidence and improving measurement quality is vital for raising methodological standards in mathematical learning and development research.
Reevaluating the fraction of cancer attributable to excess weight: overcoming the hidden impact of prediagnostic weight loss
Authors: Safizadeh Fatemeh , Mandic Marko , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the magnitude of the potential underestimation of the proportion of cancer cases attributable to excess weight, known as population attributable fraction (PAF), due to potential bias from prediagnostic weight loss already present at baseline of cohort studies and to overcome it as much as possible.

Methods
Data from the UK Biobank cohort participants aged 40–69 without prior cancer diagnosis were analyzed. We assessed the magnitude of associations of excess weight with the incidence of obesity-related cancers combined, and separately for gastrointestinal (GI) and other cancers. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), and PAFs for excess weight at baseline were estimated for various periods of time after weight measurements.

Findings
Of 458,660 participants, 20,218 individuals developed obesity-related cancers during a median 11.0-year follow-up, comprising 8,460 GI, and 11,765 non-GI cancers. PAFs were much higher for cancers occurring more than four years after recruitment than for cancers occurring within the initial four years: 17.7% versus 7.2%, 21.4% versus 11.7% for GI, non-GI and all obesity-related cancers combined, respectively. With respect to total cancer (including cancers with no established relationship with excess weight), PAFs were estimated as 5.1% and 8.8% for the 0–4 and 4-14-year periods of follow-up.

Conclusion
The proportion of cancers attributable to excess weight is likely substantially larger than previously estimated based on cohort studies with short follow-up time or no or only limited exclusion of the early years of follow-up from the analyses.