bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics of Ferroelectric Wurtzite Al1−xScxN Thin Films
Authors: Yang Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAl1−xScxN emerges as a revolutionary ferroelectric material within the III‐N family. It combines exceptional switchable polarization (80–165 µC cm−2), highly tunable coercive fields (1.5–6.5 MV cm−¹), and a wide bandgap (4.9–5.6 eV). Unlike conventional ferroelectrics, Al1−xScxN exhibits remarkable compatibility with both CMOS and III‐N technologies. It can be fabricated on plastic substrates at low temperatures, demonstrating excellent flexibility and biocompatibility. Remarkably, Al1−xScxN maintains superior performance in harsh environments due to its outstanding thermal stability (up to 1100 °C). These unique characteristics position Al1−xScxN as a highly promising candidate for a wide range of applications, including high‐performance memory, in‐memory computing, neuromorphic computing, and next‐generation wearable and implantable devices, particularly for operation in complex environments. Despite its potential, Al1−xScxN faces challenges such as high coercive fields, significant leakage currents, and limited polarization reversal cycle life. Addressing these challenges require a deeper understanding of the fundamental physics controlling Al1−xScxN films. This review explores the origins of Al1−xScxN's ferroelectricity and phase stability, delves into the fundamental theory of wurtzite ferroelectricity, investigates mechanisms for controlling spontaneous polarization and coercive fields, examines recent research progress in Al1−xScxN ferroelectric devices, and outlines future development directions for this exciting material.
Backward differentiation formula method and random forest method to solve continuous‐time differential Riccati equations
Authors: Zhang Juan , Zou Wenwen , Sui Chenglin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the utilization of machine learning techniques for solving the numerical solutions of continuous‐time differential Riccati equations. Specifically, we focus on generating a reduction matrix capable of transforming a high‐order matrix into a low‐order matrix. Additionally, we address the issue of differential terms in the continuous‐time differential Riccati equation and incorporate the backward differentiation formula of the matrix to improve stability and accuracy. Finally, by training samples through neural networks and machine learning methods, we could predict the solutions for high‐order matrix equations.
Comparison of ultrasound assisted and intraoperative diameter measurement in acute appendicitis
Authors: Bilgili Y. Doruk , Güvenç B. Haluk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDetailed anamnesis and systematic physical examination are often relevant in the diagnostic routine of acute appendicitis. However, physicians are increasingly motivated to obtain radiological approval. Inherent limitations due to radiologists' experience and the presenting anatomy may result in contradictory outcomes between the described and intraoperative findings. In this study, a comparison of anthropometric measurements of the appendix vermiformis obtained by radiologists and surgeons in children with acute appendicitis is discussed. The external appendiceal diameter in 53 patients who underwent surgery between April 2022 and January 2024 was measured at three different anatomical locations during preoperative ultrasound and intraoperatively with the help of Vernier calipers. Appendectomy materials were classified into negative, acute, and complicated appendicitis subgroups on the basis of histopathological results. The widest median diameter, expressed in millimeters, was analyzed statistically in terms of diagnostic accuracy. Histopathological analysis revealed negative appendectomy in 15.1%, acute appendicitis in 66%, and complicated appendicitis in 18.8% of the patients. The median age at presentation was 11.4 years (4–17.3 years), and 45.3% of the patients were females. The average median appendiceal diameter was 7.8 ± 2.4 mm according to the caliper and 7.9 ± 2.7 mm according to ultrasound (p > 0.05). The evaluation by the caliper revealed a much smaller diameter in 19 patients than did ultrasound. The appendiceal diameter of eight documented negative appendectomy samples was 7 mm or greater. US failed to identify the presence of an appendicolith in 11 cases (20.8%), all of which were disclosed during histopathological evaluation. It is possible to conclude that ultrasound and intraoperative anthropometric measurements correlate according to our study. Diagnostic accuracy, however, which is individually based on ultrasound appendix diameter values greater than 6 mm, is controversial. It is clear that comparison and further reinterpretation of such anthropometric measurements in light of histopathological consequences may help diminish the frequency of negative and perforated appendectomies.
Computational Insight into Transition Metal Atoms Anchored on B2C3P as Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Jiang Liwei , Liu Chengsong , Yang Zhijun , He Chaozheng , Song Wei , Zhang Tao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNH3 is not only an important chemical raw material but also a high‐energy storage chemical with zero carbon. Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), which can be driven by clean electric energy under ambient conditions, has become a promising technology for NH3 synthesis due to its environmentally friendly properties. Because of the limitations of low yield and high overpotential, efficient catalysts are urgently needed to solve this problem. In this study, based on density functional theory method and high throughput screening strategy, the NRR was investigated on transition metal single atom anchored to 2D B2C3P surface (TM@B2C3P) as single‐atom catalysts (SACs). The results showed that V@B2C3P and Ti@B2C3P have good catalytic properties, and the limiting potentials were −0.10 and −0.24 V, respectively. Furthermore, the charge density difference and crystal orbital Hamilton population calculations demonstrated that the high catalytic activity can be attributed to the obvious charge transfer between TM@B2C3P and the adsorption intermediates. It is hoped that this work can play a certain role in exploring the application of SACs in NRR.
Mapping Electrophile Chemoselectivity in DalPhos/Nickel N‐Arylation Catalysis: The Unusual Influence of Remote Sterics
Authors: Fox Peter L. , Choi Jeongin , Johnson Erin R. , Stradiotto Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe disclose herein our evaluation of competitive (hetero)aryl‐X (X: Br>Cl>OTf) reactivity preferences in bisphosphine/Ni‐catalyzed C−N cross‐coupling catalysis, using furfurylamine as a prototypical nucleophile, and employing DalPhos and DPPF as representative ancillary ligands with established efficacy. Beyond this general (pseudo)halide ranking, other intriguing structure‐reactivity trends were noted experimentally, including the unexpected observation that bulky alkyl (e. g., R=tBu) substitution in para‐R‐aryl‐X electrophiles strongly discourages (pseudo)halide reactivity relative to smaller substituents (e. g., nBu, Et, Me), despite being both remote from, and having a similar electronic influence on, the reacting C−X bond; such effects on nickel oxidative addition have not been documented previously and were not observed in our comparator reactions presented herein involving palladium. Density functional theory modeling of such PhPAd‐DalPhos/Ni‐catalyzed C−N cross‐couplings revealed the origins of competitive turnover of C−Br over C−Cl, and possible ways in which bulky para‐alkyl substitution might discourage net electrophile uptake/turnover, leading to inversion of halide selectivity.
Risk stratification of ThyroSeq results in indeterminate thyroid lesions: A single‐institution experience of clinicopathologic correlation with cytologic findings
Authors: Hsiao Wen‐Yu , Saba Nabil F. , Lubin Daniel , Chen Amy , Shi Qiuying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThyroSeq offers the opportunity to stratify the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the characterization of indeterminate thyroid nodules, especially those categorized as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS). However, whether ThyroSeq interpretations correlate with cytologic features, management, and surgical outcome remains unclear.MethodsThyroid fine‐needle aspiration specimens categorized as AUS and follicular neoplasm (FN) from 2017 to 2021 were identified from a cytology database search. Patient clinical information and ThyroSeq results were collected and correlated with resection diagnosis if available.ResultsA total of 520 cases were classified as AUS and 111 cases were classified as FN. Within the AUS lesions, 190 cases (36.5%) were subcategorized as cytologic atypia (III‐C), 109 cases (21.0%) as architectural atypia (III‐A), 138 cases (26.5%) as both cytologic and architectural atypia (III‐CA), and 69 cases (13.0%) as oncocytic cell aspirate (III‐O). Category III‐C showed the highest malignancy rate (16.7%; p = .29), and a higher ThyroSeq‐defined probability of cancer or noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary‐like nuclear features. Notably, within III‐C, intermediate‐risk mutations led to a significantly higher malignancy rate (46.7%; p = .0012). Conversely, III‐A had the lowest malignancy rate (9.7%) but this was significantly increased by concurrent high‐risk mutations (62.5%). BRAFV600E‐like mutations were frequently associated with III‐C and classical papillary thyroid carcinoma in histology. RAS‐like mutations were the most common alterations across all subcategories, and were frequently associated with follicular‐patterned lesions.ConclusionsAtypia subcategories have differential ThyroSeq‐defined ROMs and histologic outcomes. Combining atypia subcategory interpretation, ThyroSeq‐defined ROMs and molecular results aids in optimal clinical management for indeterminate thyroid lesions.
Diagnostic performance of rapid on‐site evaluation during bronchoscopy for lung cancer: A comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Chieh , Lu Shou‐Cheng , Chang Yu‐Kang , Bai Chyi‐Huey , Hsiao Ke‐Yu , Lee Kang‐Yun , Wang Yuan‐Hung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Screening high‐risk populations for lung cancer with low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality. Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to monitor patients suspected of having lung cancer after LDCT. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) can improve the diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA), although its diagnostic value remains unclear. In this meta‐analysis, the authors evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ROSE during bronchoscopy.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of ROSE for lung cancer during bronchoscopy. Studies evaluating the performance of ROSE and articles providing sufficient data for constructing a 2 × 2 table on a per‐lesion basis were included. A meta‐analysis was conducted using a bivariate random‐effects model.ResultsIn total, 32 studies involving 8243 lung lesions were included with a pooled sensitivity of 91.8% and a pooled specificity of 94.9%. Subgroup analysis of 12 studies involving 2929 specimens from patients who underwent computed tomography revealed a pooled sensitivity of 93.8% and a pooled specificity of 96%. Further subgroup analysis of seven studies on the diagnostic outcomes of ROSE for intrathoracic or mediastinal lymph nodes through EBUS‐TBNA for lung cancer staging revealed a pooled sensitivity of 90.1% and a pooled specificity of 96.9%.ConclusionsROSE exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing lung cancer during bronchoscopy. It also exhibited high sensitivity in detecting lung cancer in patients undergoing LDCT and higher specificity for nodal staging with EBUS‐TBNA.
The Influence of Removable Complete Denture on Pro‐Oxidant Antioxidant Balance and Redox‐Sensitive Inflammation Biomarker NF‐ĸB in the Oral Cavity: An Interventional Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Bošković Mirjana , Sokolović Dušan , Stanković Saša , Ristić Ivan , Popović Jordan , Kocić Gordana 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesOxidative stress, an imbalance between the body's natural antioxidant defenses and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can result in serious oral diseases, including oral cancer, periodontal diseases, and oral lichen planus, through the activation of the redox‐sensitive transcription factors and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential effects of a removable complete denture on the levels of oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and catalase, and the quantitative expression of the redox‐sensitive transcription factor NF‐κB p65 subunit.Materials and MethodsThis interventional follow‐up study enrolled 40 participants of both sexes aged 28–78 years, with a median age of 56 years, where unstimulated saliva was collected before denture placement, immediately after the denture placement, and 24 h, 7 days, and 30 days after the denture placement. The most prominent ROS overproduction was reported on the seventh day (p < 0.05), followed by a significant fall in antioxidative defense.ResultsThe NF‐κB p65 subunit, whose expression pattern was highest in the same time period on the seventh day, serves as a signaling molecule for redox imbalance due to ROS production. Over the next 30 days, its levels remained moderately increased compared to the basal value, which may influence pro‐inflammatory pathways and the integrity of oral tissue components. These alterations may be induced by the dentures, which can produce high pressures on the supporting tissues or by the synthetic materials used for producing the dentures.ConclusionOur research may help to clarify the potential pathways by which oxidative stress and redox‐sensitive inflammatory mediators, as well as mechanical and chemical irritants, may serve as risk factors for premalignant lesions in the mouth. Further research on this topic is required to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the relationship between inflammation and oral premalignant lesions caused by mechanical and chemical irritation.
Shaping tomorrow's managers: The influence of university education on economics students' attitudes toward corporate social responsibility and labor unions
Authors: Zientara Piotr , Adamska Joanna , Bąk Monika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUniversity education significantly shapes individual values and views, influencing future managers' approaches to CSR and labor relations. This study, employing a survey and experimental vignette methodology, examines the impact of university education on economics students' attitudes toward CSR and organized labor. Our results indicate that while overall attitudes toward CSR remained stable, students showed a slight shift toward profit orientation when faced with real‐life managerial scenarios. There was also a decline in support for labor unions over the academic year, possibly due to neoliberal perspectives in teaching. A key finding is the emergence of a profit‐oriented mindset among economics students, reflecting broader managerial considerations. The study underscores the importance of examining how theoretical knowledge translates into practical decision‐making contexts and suggests the need for a nuanced understanding of CSR and labor union attitudes among economics students, thereby contributing to the discussion on higher education's role in shaping future business leaders.
Generation and Application of Sulfur Ylides in Light‐Mediated Transformations
Authors: Singh Davas Daksh , Bhardwaj Srashti , Kumar Vishwakarma Ramesh , Vaitla Janakiram 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSulfur ylides are essential reagents in various organic reactions like epoxidation and cyclopropanation. While traditionally employed in ionic chemistry, recent advancements in visible‐light‐driven photocatalysis reveal their potential as sources of radicals or free carbenes. The photochemical or photocatalytic generation of reactive intermediates using sulfur ylides expands the utility of these reagents in modern organic synthesis, offering sustainable solutions to emerging challenges. Despite early demonstrations in the 1960s, the past years have witnessed a surge in photochemical methods utilizing sulfur ylides as precursors. The use of redox‐active photocatalysts has facilitated numerous radical reactions. This review consolidates key findings in sulfur ylide chemistry, particularly focusing on photo‐mediated reactions, to stimulate further research interest in this dynamic field.
Slow depolarizing electrical stimuli reveal differential time courses of nociceptor recovery after prolonged topical capsaicin in human skin
Authors: Tumbala Gutti Divya , Carr Richard , Schmelz Martin , Rukwied Roman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe examined de‐functionalization and temporal functional recovery of C‐nociceptor evoked pain after topical 8% capsaicin applied for 4 consecutive days.MethodsCapsaicin and placebo patches were applied to human forearm skin (n = 14). Cold, warmth and heat pain thresholds, pain NRS to electrical and thermal (48°C, 5 s) stimuli and axon reflex flare were recorded weekly for 49 days. Mechanical and heat sensitive (‘polymodal’) nociceptors were activated by single electrical half‐period sinusoidal pulses (0.5 s, 1 Hz). Mechanical and heat insensitive (‘silent’) nociceptors were activated by 4 Hz sinusoidal stimuli.ResultsCapsaicin abolished heat pain. Sensation to electrical sinusoidal stimulation was reduced but never abolished during the treatment. Pain to electrical 1 Hz ‘polymodal’ nociceptor stimulation took longer to recover than pain ratings to 4 Hz 2.5 s sinusoidal stimulation activating ‘polymodal’ and ‘silent’ nociceptors (35 vs. 21 days). Heat pain was indifferent to placebo from day 21–49. Axon reflex flare was abolished during capsaicin and only recovered to ~50% even after 49 days.ConclusionsCapsaicin abolishes heat transduction at terminal nociceptive endings, whereas small‐diameter axons sensitive to sinusoidal electrical stimulation can still be activated. 1 Hz depolarizing stimuli evoke burst discharges, as demonstrated before, and recover slower after capsaicin than single pulses induced by 4 Hz. The difference in recovery suggests differential time course of functional regeneration for C‐nociceptor sub‐types after capsaicin. All sensations recovered completely within 7 weeks in healthy subjects. Our findings contrast analgesia lasting for months in spontaneous neuropathic pain patients treated with 8% capsaicin.SignificanceSinusoidal electrical stimulation can still activate small diameter axons desensitized to heat after 4 consecutive days of topical 8% capsaicin application and reveals differential temporal functional regeneration of C‐nociceptor sub‐types. Electrical sinusoidal stimulation may detect such axons that no longer respond to heat stimuli in neuropathic skin.
Synthesis of Eu3+ doped magnesium aluminate spinel via combustion method: Investigation of thermodynamics, crystal structure, microstructure, and luminescence properties
Authors: Ghodrati Mehran , Rafiaei Seyed Mahdi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the current research, the rare earth‐doped magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4:Eu3+) spinels were produced by the combustion synthesis method. The employment of thermodynamic calculations revealed that the combustion approach is a proper way to synthesize MgAl2O4:Eu3+ material by urea fuel, although this procedure was fulfilled at 500°C, the final temperature will be around 2030°C. The x‐ray and FT‐IR spectra confirmed the successful formation of spinels, while it was shown that the calcination procedure results in a significant increase of crystallinity. On the other hand, it was interestingly seen that the addition of large amounts of Eu3+dopant (10 wt%) suppresses the crystallinity. The MAUD calculations interestingly revealed that the increase of Eu3+ dopant from 1 to 10 wt% leads to the increase of MgO and Al2O3 impurities. The related microstructural evaluations revealed that the particle size of the synthesized powders is mostly less than 40 nm which shows the superiority of combustion synthesis over other commercial methods. Also, the broadening of XRD peaks confirmed the formation of nano‐sized powder. The photoluminescence (PL) characterizations showed that doping of MgAl2O4 with 7 wt% Eu3+ brings the most intensive emission properties at the wavelengths of 592 and 617 nm.
Isolated congenital arhinia: Fetal magnetic resonance imaging and pediatric computed tomography 3D reconstructions, long‐term follow‐up and review of the literature
Authors: Castro Pedro Teixeira , Matos Ana Paula Pinho , Ribeiro Gerson , Fazecas Tatiana , Araujo Júnior Edward , Werner Heron 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe complete absence of the nose, arhinia, is a malformation most often associated with severe brain malformations. However, arhinia can be isolated, but only a few cases have been described. The prenatal diagnosis of isolated arhinia is also rarely described, with only three cases describing their follow‐up, mostly in the first months of life. In this case report, we describe the prenatal diagnosis of isolated arhinia and the long‐term follow‐up of 8 years with normal psychological and cognitive development. We also demonstrated the fetal magnetic resonance imaging and pediatric computed tomography three‐dimensional reconstructions of the face.
Optimal Blind Focusing on Perturbation‐Inducing Targets in Sub‐Unitary Complex Media
Authors: Sol Jérôme , Le Magoarou Luc , del Hougne Philipp 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe scattering of waves in a complex medium is perturbed by polarizability changes or displacements of embedded targets. These perturbations can serve as perfectly non‐invasive guidestars for focusing on the targets. Here, a fundamental but to‐date overlooked difference between these two perturbation types is theoretically derived: the change of the scattering matrix is of rank one [two] for a polarizability change [displacement] of a point‐like target; optimal strategies to perfectly focus on the target in both cases are identified accordingly. In particular, in the latter case, optimal focusing requires at least two target displacements. Furthermore, for the case of dynamic complex media additionally featuring parasitic perturbers, a non‐invasive scheme to achieve optimal time‐averaged power delivery to a perturbation‐inducing target is established. In all cases, no assumptions about the unitarity of the system's scattering matrix or the perturbation strength are necessary. All results are experimentally demonstrated in the microwave regime using a strongly sub‐unitary lossy chaotic cavity as a complex medium. The experiments highlight that the target's “structural scattering” is irrelevant [must be negligible] in the case of target polarizability changes [displacements]. The presented results are expected to find applications in communications, cybersecurity, wireless bioelectronics, flow‐cytometry, and self‐propelled nano‐swimmers.