Abstract 4207: Selective drug sensitivity score (DSS) for indolent and aggressive prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Mäki-Jouppila Jenni , Bernoulli Jenni , Tuomela Johanna , Suominen Mari I. , Halleen Jussi M. , Timonen Sanna , Huovari Elina , Suomi Katja , Potdar Swapnil , Östling Päivi , Saarela Jani , Fagerlund Katja M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The majority of the PCs are classified as adenocarcinomas characterized by the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Two of the most commonly used cell lines are LNCaP and PC-3 cells, derived from lymph node and bone metastases, respectively. Also VCaP cells, derived from vertebral metastases, are widely used in prostate cancer research. It has been well established that LNCaP and VCaP cells represent the conventional indolent form of PC expressing AR and PSA and are androgen-dependent. PC-3 cells, on the other hand, do not express AR and PSA, are androgen-independent, and represent the highly aggressive form.
The drug sensitivity of the cell lines was assessed by applying a large panel of drugs covering cancer chemotherapeutics and clinically available and emerging drugs including conventional chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, metabolic modifiers, rapalogs, differentiating/epigenetic modifiers, kinesin inhibitors, apoptotic modulators, NSAIDs, hormone therapy, immunomodulators and HSP inhibitors. A panel of 460 compounds was tested in five concentrations covering a 10.000-fold drug-relevant concentration range in 384-well format. Cells were seeded to pre-drugged plates, followed by cell viability measurements (CellTiter-Glo) after 72 hours. Maximal and minimal responses to drugs were analyzed, the EC50 values were calculated and Drug Sensitivity Score (DSS) was calculated for each drug as a measure of reduced viability. A selective Drug Sensitivity Score (sDSS) was calculated to identify the selective drug response pattern of each three cancer cell lines.
As expected, the results indicate that LNCaP and VCaP cells in general were more sensitive to drugs of different categories than PC-3 cells. According to DSS analysis, all three cell lines showed sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy and kinase inhibitors. However, PC-3 cells were more sensitive to kinase inhibitors than conventional chemotherapy. Determining sDSS revealed specific sensitivities of each cell line. LNCaP cells were sensitive to kinase inhibitors, such as mTOR and AKT inhibitors. Also VCaP cells showed selective sensitivity to kinase inhibitors, especially Aurora kinase and IGF1R inhibitors. In addition to kinase inhibitors, VCaP cells were selectively sensitive to HDAC inhibitors. Furthermore, PC-3 cells were sensitive to e.g. CDK inhibitors.
We conclude that the cell-based compound screening combined with DSS and sDSS analysis provides a possibility to profile cellular responses to an extensive collection of anti-cancer compounds enabling repurposing of existing drugs to new indications, identification of vulnerabilities in different types of cancer cells and functional investigation of cellular pathways behind drug sensitivity or resistance.
Citation Format: Jenni Mäki-Jouppila, Jenni Bernoulli, Johanna Tuomela, Mari I. Suominen, Jussi M. Halleen, Sanna Timonen, Elina Huovari, Katja Suomi, Swapnil Potdar, Päivi Östling, Jani Saarela, Katja M. Fagerlund. Selective drug sensitivity score (DSS) for indolent and aggressive prostate cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4207. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4207