bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of various multilayer LTCC systems on dielectric properties’ stability in GHz frequency range
Authors: Rovensky Tibor , Pietrikova Alena , Vehec Igor , Kmec Martin 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to create multilayer substrate (composite) from various low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates by their mutual combinations and to analyse influence of these multilayer substrates on dielectric properties in GHz frequency range.

Design/methodology/approach
GreenTape 951, GreenTape 9K7 and Murata LFC were used to create compound multilayer substrates that include three layers: middle layer is from Murata LFC, and both upper and bottom layers are either from GreenTape 951 or GreenTape 9K7. Shrinkage in all x-, y- and z-axes of all substrates including multilayer substrates were analysed, and influence of different shrinkage on dielectric properties was examined by microstrip ring resonators applied on all mentioned of substrates.

Findings
The middle layer of Murata LFC has significant influence on shrinkage value of composites which has a good repeatability and minimalizes problems with design of multilayer LTCC devices. Impact of middle layer from Murata LFC on dielectric constant is not significant, but on the other hand Q factor (loss tangent) of these composites is increased according to inhomogeneity between single LTCC layers, especially at frequency around 6 GHz.

Originality/value
The novelty of this work lies in creating multilayers systems from different types of LTCC substrates to find combination with the most suitable physical and dielectric properties for various purposes in GHz range applications.
Peculiarities of corporate social responsibility development in the monotowns in post-communist countries
Authors: Blam Inna , Vitálišová Katarína , Borseková Kamila , Sokolowicz Mariusz 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The paper aims to analyze actual issues of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in monofunctional towns in Russia, Slovakia and Poland. The process of social investment restructuring is obviously under way in these countries. However, there can be identified a few examples where the dominant employer with the long tradition (from the soviet period, even longer) has initiated and directly influenced by the social policy the local and regional development. The paper analyzes their development during the past decades, with the special emphasis on social issues. It identifies its strengths and weaknesses and defines future research areas.

Design/methodology/approach
The first part of the paper defines the CSR with focus on the social sphere and relationships between local dominant employer, local government and community. Refer to the theory, the paper adopts a case study methodology to explore the specifics of CSR with a focus on monotowns, especially the role of local dominant employer and its relationship with local government and community in three selected post-communist nations – Russia, Slovakia and Poland. The research uses also the secondary data (the strategic documents, statistical data) and own observation during the study visits to the selected cities. The authors analyze the town’s development during the past decades, with the special emphasis on the social issues.

Findings
It is shown that maintenance and development of essential living conditions in many monofunctional towns depends upon the direct participation of large dominating companies. The paper argues that there is a principal difference between the current social policy conducted by these dominant local employers and the policy that was conducted in the past. What is more, most of the engagement of large in the social affairs in monotowns refers to the CSR concept. The paper summarizes the common features and differences in functioning monotowns in selected states, from the perspective of social responsible behaviors of dominant companies, suggests the practical implications and identifies future research areas.

Originality/value
The paper maps the specific kind of social responsibility interconnected with the issue of local and regional development – monotowns in Russia, Poland and Slovakia – in the countries with common political and social history. It brings in the form of case studies the detailed overview of the selected examples from Russia, Ukraine and Poland dealing with the CSR. Based on the collected data, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantage of these towns and opens the new research areas.
The effect of authenticity and social distance on CSR activity
Authors: Lim Myungsuh , Yang Yoon 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This study aims to make a distinction between two types of authenticity (indexical vs iconic), the influence of both of which on the consumer’s inference of companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) motivation is determined. Meanwhile, the consumer inference of CSR activities can be affected by the situational context within which the CSR activities are contained. Therefore, the effect of the interaction between the authenticity type and the given social distance (based on the construal level theory) was also examined.

Design/methodology/approach
The study conducted a 2 × 2 between-subjects design experiment to examine the effects of authenticity type (indexical/iconic) and social distance (close/distant) on the perceived motive of the CSR information in a scenario.

Findings
The findings showed significant main effect of authenticity type but no significant main effect of social distance on persuasion knowledge. Participants in the indexical authenticity condition perceived a higher degree of persuasion knowledge than the participants in the iconic authenticity condition. Social distance moderated the effect of authenticity type such that for indexical authenticity, there was a significant difference on persuasion knowledge when the social distance was large. However, for iconic authenticity, the perception of persuasion knowledge was not significantly different between a large distance and a close distance.

Originality/value
The study identified the type of authenticity that is mainly perceived as a result of CSR activities and also determined its relation to the social distance dimension to infer a firm’s CSR motives.
Managing the risk of wildlife disease introduction: pathway‐level biosecurity for preventing the introduction of alien ranaviruses
Authors: García‐Díaz Pablo , Ross Joshua V. , Woolnough Andrew P. , Cassey Phillip 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Alien species are key vectors for the spread of globally emerging diseases, and these emerging diseases have proven to be devastating for amphibian populations world‐wide. Border and post‐border biosecurity activities are pivotal for preventing the introduction of new diseases, but their effectiveness has seldom been assessed.

We developed and populated a model to describe transport pathways into Australia, and the biosecurity activities implemented to manage these pathways. We evaluated the capacity of Australian border and post‐border biosecurity activities, frequently considered one of the best quarantine inspection services in the world, to prevent the introduction of alien ranaviruses via the unintentional transport of alien amphibians into six Australian States.

High transport pressures, measured by the number of international airline passengers and ships arriving in each State, resulted in increasing total numbers of alien stowaway amphibians. Post‐border detection of alien amphibians was variable across States and increased with the full‐time equivalent employees devoted to post‐border biosecurity in each State.

The baseline probabilities of introduction, without biosecurity activities, for at least one infected amphibian into any State were very low (≤0·07 in all cases), January 2004–December 2012. The implementation of biosecurity activities reduced these introduction probabilities further, with reductions of up to 50% for some States.

Synthesis and applications. We have demonstrated the efficacy of biosecurity activities in reducing the introduction risk of new diseases being transported unintentionally alongside alien amphibians. Critically, we found that not all alien amphibians had to be detected to reduce risks appreciably. We advocate the widespread adoption of border and post‐border biosecurity activities to manage the risks posed by alien amphibians (and other stowaway species) as vectors of emergent diseases. We support the robust design of biosecurity activities by providing a framework to evaluate the likely outcomes of case‐specific biosecurity arrangements.
Novel mouse model for primary uveal melanoma: a pilot study
Authors: Süsskind Daniela , Hurst José , Rohrbach Jens Martin , Schnichels Sven 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo establish a mouse model with the aim of studying the tumour biology and metastasis formation of uveal melanoma.MethodsTwo human primary uveal melanoma cell lines (UMT2 and UMT42) were injected into the choroid of BALB/c nude mouse eyes. Intraocular tumour growth and metastasis formation in the liver and lungs were assessed after 13 to 22 weeks. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded material was processed via haematoxylin and eosin staining for histological examination and periodic acid Schiff staining to search for extravascular matrix patterns. Immunohistochemistry for Melan A, CD34 and Ki67 was performed to assess the expression of a melanocytic lineage marker, angiogenesis and proliferative activity.ResultsAll eyes injected with UMT2 cells, but only 25% of eyes treated with UMT42, developed intraocular tumour growth. The morphology of intraocular melanomas resembled that of primary tumours and showed signs of malignancy, including retinal invasion, optic nerve invasion and scleral penetration with extraocular tumour growth. UMT2 tumours formed extravascular matrix patterns exclusively. Most of the tumour cells expressed Melan A. Intratumoural angiogenesis was detected in both tumour entities. Proliferative activity was verified in all but one tumour. However, no metastases appeared in the liver or lungs.ConclusionsThe mouse model presented with the UMT2 cell line allows for investigations of tumour biology of the primary UM because of the high degree of similarity between the tumours generated in the mouse eyes and the corresponding primary human UM. Unfortunately, the model is not suitable for investigations of metastasis formation.
In silico mining of microsatellites and analysis of genetic diversity among inter‐ and intra‐generic aphids of the subfamily Aphidinae
Authors: Vaddi Sridhar , Thiruvengadam Venkatesan , Joshi Sunil , Jalali Sushil Kumar , Chinnappareddy Lakshmana Reddy Dhoranalapalli , Nimmakayala Padma , Tomason Yan , Vajja Gopinath , Reddy Umesh K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNearly 5 000 aphid species damage crops, either by sucking plant sap or as disease‐transmitting vectors. Microsatellites are used for understanding molecular diversity and eco‐geographical relationships among aphid species. Expressed sequence tag (EST)‐microsatellite motifs were identified through an in silico approach using inbuilt simple sequence repeat mining tools in aphid EST dataset. Microsatellite mining revealed one in every five aphid genes as containing a repeat motif, and out of 9 290 EST microsatellites mined from Aphis gossypii Glover and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (both Hemiptera: Aphididae), 80% were of A and/or T (AT, ATA, AAT, AATA, and ATTT) motifs, and the rest contained G and/or C motifs. All microsatellite sequences were annotated using BLAST. Primers for EST microsatellites were designed using the Primer 3.0 tool. 106 primer pairs of both dinucleotide repeats (DNRs) and trinucleotide repeats (TNRs), representing open reading frames (ORFs) and untranslated regions (UTRs), were synthesized to amplify 15 aphid species belonging to the subfamily Aphidinae, collected from diverse hosts. Four hundred forty‐five polymorphic alleles were amplified. Fifty TNR and 23 DNR microsatellites amplified across the species studied. Polymorphism information content values of microsatellites ranged from 0.23 to 0.91, amplifying 2–16 alleles. Genetic similarity indices were estimated using the ‘NTSYS‐pc’ software package. Unweighted pair group with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis resolved taxonomic relationships of the aphid species studied. The new aphid microsatellites developed will provide valuable information to researchers to study Indian aphid species diversity and genetic relationships.
Cold hardiness attributes of a field population of the potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella
Authors: Andreadis Stefanos S. , Poulia Yianna , Noukari Sofia , Aslanidou Barbara , Savopoulou‐Soultani Matilda 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a worldwide pest of solanaceous crops especially devastating to potatoes. In the present study, we investigated the cold hardiness profile of acclimated and non‐acclimated immature and adult stages of a field population of P. operculella. For both acclimated and non‐acclimated individuals mean supercooling point (SCP) did not differ significantly among developmental stages. Unlike supercooling capacity, acclimation at 5 °C for 5 days enhanced the ability to survive at subzero temperatures after a 2‐h exposure. Median lethal temperature (LT50) of all developmental stages (egg, late instar, pupa, and adult) decreased after acclimation, nevertheless only adults displayed a significant difference among acclimated and non‐acclimated individuals concerning their LT50 (−11.1 and −8.3 °C, respectively). Generally, pupae were the most cold‐tolerant developmental stage followed in decreasing order by the eggs and adults, whereas late instars were the least cold tolerant. Non‐freezing injury above the SCP was well‐documented for all developmental stages indicating a pre‐freeze mortality and suggesting that P. operculella is considered to be chill tolerant rather than freeze intolerant. Nevertheless, given its high degree of cold hardiness relative to habitat temperatures, winter mortality of P. operculella due to low temperatures is not likely to occur and pest outbreaks may take place following a mild winter.
Ecdysteroid titers and expression of Halloween genes and ecdysteroid receptor in relation to overwintering and the long larval phase in the seabuckthorn carpenterworm, Holcocerus hippophaecolus
Authors: Zhou Jiao , Li Juan , Wang Rong , Sheng Xia , Zong Shixiang , Weng Qiang , Luo Youqing 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe cytochrome P450 enzymes encoded by the Halloween genes – spook (spo), phantom (phm), disembodied (dib), shadow (sad), and shade (shd) – catalyze a series of hydroxylation steps resulting in the active molting hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E). This study investigated 20E and ecdysone titers and the expression profile of Halloween genes and ecdysone receptor (EcR) during larval, pupal, and adult stages in seabuckthorn carpenterworm, Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Hh‐spo, Hh‐phm, Hh‐dib, and Hh‐sad showed predominant expression in the prothoracic gland at the larval stage, whereas Hh‐shd and Hh‐EcR were significantly expressed in the fat body. The mRNA levels of Hh‐spo, Hh‐phm, Hh‐dib, Hh‐shd, Hh‐sad, and Hh‐EcR were lowest from late October to middle April, when the insects were in overwintering dormancy, but began to increase from May each year, when the insects were terminating quiescence. Concomitant with the changes in these genes, 20E and ecdysone titers gradually increased during the 4‐year life cycle of H. hippophaecolus. These data indicate that the seasonal expressions of Hh‐spo, Hh‐phm, Hh‐shd, and Hh‐EcR play crucial roles in quiescence of the overwintering period, and are responsible for the long larval phase and the exact timing and amplitude of the ecdysteroid titer required for the coordination of growth and development in H. hippophaecolus.
Breslow density is a novel prognostic feature in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Rashed Hala , Flatman Katarina , Bamford Mark , Teo Kah W , Saldanha Gerald 
Published: August 2016

AimsIn 1970, Breslow described his eponymously named thickness measurement. No‐one has sought to enhance the Breslow thickness (BT). The aim of this study was to demonstrate a proof of concept that the density of melanoma cells at the position where the BT is measured is a morphological prognostic biomarker, which we name the Breslow density (BD). The hypothesis was that the BD has prognostic value for overall survival (OS) and is independent of the BT.Methods and resultsWe analysed 100 cutaneous melanomas, and followed REMARK guidelines. The BD was the estimated percentage dermal area occupied by melanoma cells in a specified location. The BT and BD had a strong correlation (P = 2.1 × 10−11) but, despite this, they were independent prognostic factors for OS in Cox regression [BD hazard ratio (HR) 1.03, P = 0.001849; and BT HR 1.09, P = 0.000146]. This was corroborated by an independent effect on melanoma‐specific survival. We assessed whether the BT and BD could be combined into a Breslow score. A prognostic index based on Cox regression coefficients was used, and this showed a marginal improvement in predicted 5‐year survival as compared with the BT alone (area under the curve of 94.8% versus 96.7%).ConclusionsWe show a proof of concept that the BD represents a novel morphological prognostic biomarker that is independent of the BT, and that there is potential to combine these into a Breslow score. Larger studies are needed to validate the BD, but the simplicity of this biomarker makes it a strong candidate for translation to clinical practice.
Burden of atrial fibrillation: a retrospective review of patients presenting to acute medical services
Authors: Jolliffe E. , Fu V. , Lanford J. , Weatherall M. , Rosemergy I. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for stroke and is associated with increased stroke severity and greater morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulation is highly effective for preventing episodes of thromboembolism but remains under‐utilised.AimsThe aim of this review was to estimate the short‐term risk of thromboembolic events in patients presenting with an acute medical illness, to assess rates of anticoagulation in eligible patients with AF and to describe physician decisions when prescribing anticoagulation in a hospital setting.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of patients with AF presenting to acute medical services at Wellington Regional Hospital between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2012 was performed.ResultsA total of 751 patient presentations with AF was identified; 613 unique patient encounters were eligible for analysis, and 38.8% of patients with a CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2 were discharged after anticoagulation. The mean CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 4.03 (SD = 1.94). The CHA2DS2‐VASc score was not associated with being started on anticoagulation, odds ratio 1.16 (95% confidence interval = 0.83–1.61), P = 0.38, but age by decade older was associated with a reduced likelihood of being started on anticoagulation, odds ratio 0.61 (95% confidence interval = 0.41–0.89), P = 0.01. In untreated patients with a CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2, the most frequently documented reasons not to initiate anticoagulation were decision deferred to the primary care physician, 15.6%; fall risk or frailty, 7.2%; and high bleeding risk, 6.6%. However, no reason was documented in 56.9%. The thromboembolic rate in patients discharged without anticoagulation within 3 months of presentation to acute medical services was 7/330 (2.1%).ConclusionAnticoagulation for stroke prevention in AF remains under‐utilised in eligible patients presenting to acute medical services at a tertiary‐level hospital.
Heart failure following cancer treatment: characteristics, survival and mortality of a linked health data analysis
Authors: Clark R. A. , Berry N. M. , Chowdhury M. H. , McCarthy A. L. , Ullah S. , Versace V. L. , Atherton J. J. , Koczwara B. , Roder D. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundCardiotoxicity resulting in heart failure is a devastating complication of cancer therapy. A patient may survive cancer only to develop heart failure (HF), which has a higher mortality rate than some cancers.AimThis study aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of HF in patients with blood or breast cancer after chemotherapy treatment.MethodsQueensland Cancer Registry, Death Registry and Hospital Administration records were linked (1996–2009). Patients were categorised as those with an index HF admission (that occurred after cancer diagnosis) and those without an index HF admission (non‐HF).ResultsA total of 15 987 patients was included, and 1062 (6.6%) had an index HF admission. Median age of HF patients was 67 years (interquartile range 58–75) versus 54 years (interquartile range 44–64) for non‐HF patients. More men than women developed HF (48.6% vs 29.5%), and a greater proportion in the HF group had haematological cancer (83.1%) compared with breast cancer (16.9%). After covariate adjustment, HF patients had increased mortality risk compared with non‐HF patients (hazard ratios 1.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.54–1.81)), and 47% of the index HF admission occurred within 1 year from cancer diagnosis and 70% within 3 years.ConclusionCancer treatment may place patients at a greater risk of developing HF. The onset of HF occurred soon after chemotherapy, and those who developed HF had a greater mortality risk.
Effective antigen presentation to helper T cells by human eosinophils
Authors: Farhan Ruhaifah K. , Vickers Mark A. , Ghaemmaghami Amir M. , Hall Andrew M. , Barker Robert N. , Walsh Garry M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAlthough eosinophils are inflammatory cells, there is increasing attention on their immunomodulatory roles. For example, murine eosinophils can present antigen to CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, but it remains unclear whether human eosinophils also have this ability. This study determined whether human eosinophils present a range of antigens, including allergens, to activate Th cells, and characterized their expression of MHC class II and co‐stimulatory molecules required for effective presentation. Human peripheral blood eosinophils purified from non‐allergic donors were pulsed with the antigens house dust mite extract (HDM), Timothy Grass extract (TG) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD), before co‐culture with autologous CD4+ Th cells. Proliferative and cytokine responses were measured, with eosinophil expression of HLA‐DR/DP/DQ and the co‐stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 determined by flow cytometry. Eosinophils pulsed with HDM, TG or PPD drove Th cell proliferation, with the response strength dependent on antigen concentration. The cytokine responses varied with donor and antigen, and were not biased towards any particular Th subset, often including combinations of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Eosinophils up‐regulated surface expression of HLA‐DR/DP/DQ, CD80, CD86 and CD40 in culture, increases that were sustained over 5 days when incubated with antigens, including HDM, or the major allergens it contains, Der p I or Der p II. Human eosinophils can, therefore, act as effective antigen‐presenting cells to stimulate varied Th cell responses against a panel of antigens including HDM, TG or PPD, an ability that may help to determine the development of allergic disease.