bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nod1 Limits Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis by Regulating IFN-γ Production
Authors: Zhan Yu , Seregin Sergey S. , Chen Jiachen , Chen Grace Y. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation is a major risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. Nod1, a member of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of pattern recognition receptors, is a bacterial sensor that has been previously demonstrated to reduce susceptibility of mice to chemically induced colitis and subsequent tumorigenesis, but the mechanism by which it mediates its protection has not been elucidated. In this study, we show that Nod1 expression in the hematopoietic cell compartment is critical for limiting inflammation-induced intestinal tumorigenesis. Specifically, Nod1-deficient T cells exhibit impaired IFN-γ production during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced acute inflammation in vivo, and administration of the Nod1 ligand KF1B enhances IFN-γ responses by anti-CD3–activated T cells in vitro. Absence of IFN-γ signaling results in increased inflammation-associated tumors in mice, and adoptive transfer of Nod1−/− or IFNγ−/− T cells into T cell–deficient mice results in increased tumorigenesis as compared with T cell–deficient mice that were adoptively transferred with wild-type T cells. Collectively, these results suggest a previously unappreciated role for the innate immune receptor Nod1 in suppressing colitis-associated tumorigenesis through a T cell–mediated mechanism.
The Role of the School Administration to Deepen the Sense of National Belonging and the Impact on the Degree of National Belonging among High School Students in Jordan: Aqaba Governorate Case Study
Authors: Arabiyat Rand , Arabiyat Bashir 
Published: May 2016

This study aimed at identifying the role of the school administration to deepen the sense of national belonging among students and to know its effect on the degree of national belonging of high school students in Jordan.JordanTo achieve this objective a questionnaire was designed depending on previous studies. Results showed that the role of school management to deepen the sense of national belonging was high, and that the degree of national belonging to the students was high. Also, results showed an effect of statistical significance of the role of school management to deepen the sense of national belonging on the degree of national belonging to the students. The study recommended the need to work on educational institutions, courses and school activities taking place on the concept of citizenship and belonging and interpretation of concepts and terminology of different national and political.
Editorial núm 15
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly 
Published: May 2016

La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua) y su Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Estelí (FAREM-Estelí) está publicando la Revista Científica No.15, año 4, correspondiente a los meses de Julio-Septiembre 2015. En este número se presentan seis artículos científicos como resultado de investigaciones desarrolladas por docentes investigadores y estudiantes de la facultad. Todas las investigaciones son aplicadas a la problemática real en ciencias ambientales, ingeniería industrial, ciencias económicas y educación.
Simulation of gas hydrate dissociation caused by repeated tectonic uplift events
Authors: Goto Shusaku , Matsubayashi Osamu , Nagakubo Sadao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGas hydrate dissociation by tectonic uplift is often used to explain geologic and geophysical phenomena, such as hydrate accumulation probably caused by hydrate recycling and the occurrence of double bottom‐simulating reflectors in tectonically active areas. However, little is known of gas hydrate dissociation resulting from tectonic uplift. This study investigates gas hydrate dissociation in marine sediments caused by repeated tectonic uplift events using a numerical model incorporating the latent heat of gas hydrate dissociation. The simulations showed that tectonic uplift causes upward movement of some depth interval of hydrate‐bearing sediment immediately above the base of gas hydrate stability (BGHS) to the gas hydrate instability zone because the sediment initially maintains its temperature: in that interval, gas hydrate dissociates while absorbing heat; consequently, the temperature of the interval decreases to that of the hydrate stability boundary at that depth. Until the next uplift event, endothermic gas hydrate dissociation proceeds at the BGHS using heat mainly supplied from the sediment around the BGHS, lowering the temperature of that sediment. The cumulative effects of these two endothermic gas hydrate dissociations caused by repeated uplift events lower the sediment temperature around the BGHS, suggesting that in a marine area in which sediment with a highly concentrated hydrate‐bearing layer just above the BGHS has been frequently uplifted, the endothermic gas hydrate dissociation produces a gradual decrease in thermal gradient from the seafloor to the BGHS. Sensitivity analysis for model parameters showed that water depth, amount of uplift, gas hydrate saturation, and basal heat flow strongly influence the gas hydrate dissociation rate and sediment temperature around the BGHS.
Dynamical analysis of a satellite‐observed anticyclonic eddy in the northern Bering Sea
Authors: Li Yineng , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Jia , Peng Shiqiu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe characteristics and evolution of a satellite‐observed anticyclonic eddy in the northern Bering Sea during March and April 1999 are investigated using a three‐dimensional Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The anticyclonic‐like current pattern and asymmetric feature of the eddy were clearly seen in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR), sea surface temperature, and ocean color images in April 1999. The results from model simulation reveal the three‐dimensional structure of the anticyclonic eddy, its movement, and dissipation. Energy analysis indicates that the barotropic instability (BTI) is the main energy source for the growth of the anticyclonic eddy. The momentum analysis further reveals that the larger magnitude of the barotropic pressure gradient in the meridional direction causes the asymmetry of the anticyclonic eddy in the zonal and meridional directions, while the different magnitudes of the meridional baroclinic pressure gradient are responsible for the different intensity of currents between the northern and southern parts of the anticyclonic eddy.
Adjustment of regional climate model output for modeling the climatic mass balance of all glaciers on Svalbard
Authors: Möller Marco , Obleitner Friedrich , Reijmer Carleen H. , Pohjola Veijo A. , Głowacki Piotr , Kohler Jack 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLarge‐scale modeling of glacier mass balance relies often on the output from regional climate models (RCMs). However, the limited accuracy and spatial resolution of RCM output pose limitations on mass balance simulations at subregional or local scales. Moreover, RCM output is still rarely available over larger regions or for longer time periods. This study evaluates the extent to which it is possible to derive reliable region‐wide glacier mass balance estimates, using coarse resolution (10 km) RCM output for model forcing. Our data cover the entire Svalbard archipelago over one decade. To calculate mass balance, we use an index‐based model. Model parameters are not calibrated, but the RCM air temperature and precipitation fields are adjusted using in situ mass balance measurements as reference. We compare two different calibration methods: root mean square error minimization and regression optimization. The obtained air temperature shifts (+1.43°C versus +2.22°C) and precipitation scaling factors (1.23 versus 1.86) differ considerably between the two methods, which we attribute to inhomogeneities in the spatiotemporal distribution of the reference data. Our modeling suggests a mean annual climatic mass balance of −0.05 ± 0.40 m w.e. a−1 for Svalbard over 2000–2011 and a mean equilibrium line altitude of 452 ± 200 m  above sea level. We find that the limited spatial resolution of the RCM forcing with respect to real surface topography and the usage of spatially homogeneous RCM output adjustments and mass balance model parameters are responsible for much of the modeling uncertainty. Sensitivity of the results to model parameter uncertainty is comparably small and of minor importance.
Radiative driving of shallow return flows from the ITCZ
Authors: Nishant N. , Sherwood S. C. , Geoffroy O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tropical overturning circulation over the central‐east Pacific not only extends through the troposphere but also includes a shallow component outflowing from the ITCZ near the planetary boundary layer (PBL) top, the Shallow Meridional Circulation (SMC). Idealized simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, which qualitatively reproduce this two‐component circulation, are used to investigate the mechanism driving the SMC by altering model parameterization schemes (PBL, cumulus and radiation), the solar heating rate, and the SST gradient. A radiative‐driving model for subsidence is tested and found to quantitatively predict the altitude and strength of the SMC in all experiments. This includes experiments with a changed SST gradient, in which the changes in temperature profile and clouds near PBL top in the subsiding region altered radiative cooling so as to make the SMC vary in proportion to the SST gradient. These results indicate that the SMC is strongly controlled by radiative cooling rather than independently by SST patterns or convective processes, at least in this model setup. Experiments with altered solar heating of the atmosphere affected the strength of the SMC strongly, while changes in cumulus parameterization had a weaker effect. Parameterization changes influenced the SMC mainly by altering shallow cloud amount and humidity in subsidence regions, but vertical gradients of temperature also affect the radiative driving of the SMC in at least one case. The results highlight that atmospheric radiative heating is of prime importance for determining the character of deep and shallow overturning.
A new insight from space into swell propagation and crossing in the global oceans
Authors: Li Xiao‐Ming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA half‐century ago, it was recorded that ocean swells can propagate up to halfway around the globe. However, from a global perspective, how ocean swells propagate in the global oceans has yet to be depicted. To date, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is the only available remote sensing instrument to measure the two‐dimensional information of ocean surface waves. Here a 10 year (2002–2012) global wave data set of the spaceborne advanced SAR on board the European Space Agency's satellite Envisat and the global wind data set of the WindSat were used to (1) depict the propagation routes of ocean swells in the global oceans, (2) identify four distinguished crossing swell “pools,” and (3) interpret how these pools are formed. Together, these findings yield a new insight into ocean swells propagation and the consequent occurrence of crossing swells on a global ocean scale from space, which will further deepen our understanding of nature of ocean.
Statistics and variability of the altitude of elves
Authors: van der Velde Oscar A. , Montanyà Joan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFrom June 2008 to January 2016 nearly 800 elves have been recorded by a low‐light camera in northeastern Spain. Elves occur in this region mainly over the lower topped cold air mass maritime thunderstorms, peaking from November to January. Cloud‐to‐ground strokes still produce elves when maritime winter storms are carried inland, suggesting that the cold season thunderstorm charge configuration favors strokes with large electromagnetic pulses. Altitudes of 389 elves were determined using optical data combined with a lightning location network. The overall median altitude was 87.1 km, near the typical OH airglow height, but average heights during individual nights ranged between 83 and 93 km. The lower elve nights (~84 km) occurred during slightly elevated geomagnetic conditions (Kp >3‐, Ap‐index >10). Elve altitude often shifts by several kilometers during the night, apparently in response to changing background conditions in the upper mesosphere.
Benchmarking Northern Hemisphere midlatitude atmospheric synoptic variability in centennial reanalysis and numerical simulations
Authors: Dell'Aquila Alessandro , Corti Susanna , Weisheimer Antje , Hersbach Hans , Peubey Carol , Poli Paul , Berrisford Paul , Dee Dick , Simmons Adrian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe representation of midlatitude winter atmospheric synoptic variability in centennial reanalysis products, which assimilate surface observations only, and atmospheric model simulations constrained by observation‐based data sets is assessed. Midlatitude waves activity in twentieth century reanalyses (20CR, ERA‐20C) and atmospheric model simulations are compared with those estimated from observationally complete reanalysis products. All reanalyses are in good agreement regarding the representation of the synoptic variability during the last decades of the twentieth century. This suggests that the assimilation of surface observations can generate high‐quality extratropical upper air fields. In the first decades of the twentieth century a suppression of high‐frequency variability is apparent in the centennial reanalysis products. This behavior does not have a counterpart in the atmospheric model integrations. Since the latter differ from one of the reanalysis products considered here (ERA‐20C) only in the assimilation of surface observations, it seems reasonable to attribute the high‐frequency variability suppression to the poor coverage of the observations assimilated.
Ion demagnetization in the magnetopause current layer observed by MMS
Authors: Wang Shan , Chen Li‐Jen , Hesse Michael , Gershman Daniel J. , Dorelli John , Giles Barbara , Torbert Roy B. , Pollock Craig J. , Lavraud Benoit , Strangeway Robert , Ergun Robert E. , Burch Jim , Avanov Levon , Moore Thomas E. , Saito Yoshifumi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe report ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs) observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) and present evidence for demagnetized ion Speiser motion during magnetopause reconnection. The demagnetization is observed in the vicinity of the X line, as well as near the current sheet midplane about tens of ion skin depths (di) away from the X line. Close to the X line before the outflow is built up, the VDFs are elongated, and the elongated part of VDFs rotates from the out‐of‐plane current direction toward the outflow directions downstream from the X line. Farther downstream, demagnetized ions exhibit a characteristic half‐ring structure in the VDFs, as a result of the mixture of ions that have experienced different amounts of cyclotron turning around the magnetic field normal to the current sheet. Signatures of acceleration by electric fields are more pronounced in the VDFs near the X line than downstream.
Source to sink: Evolution of lignin composition in the Madre de Dios River system with connection to the Amazon basin and offshore
Authors: Feng Xiaojuan , Feakins Sarah J. , Liu Zongguang , Ponton Camilo , Wang Renée Z. , Karkabi Elias , Galy Valier , Berelson William M. , Nottingham Andrew T. , Meir Patrick , West A. Joshua 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhile lignin geochemistry has been extensively investigated in the Amazon River, little is known about lignin distribution and dynamics within deep, stratified river channels or its transformations within soils prior to delivery to rivers. We characterized lignin phenols in soils, river particulate organic matter (POM), and dissolved organic matter (DOM) across a 4 km elevation gradient in the Madre de Dios River system, Peru, as well as in marine sediments to investigate the source‐to‐sink evolution of lignin. In soils, we found more oxidized lignin in organic horizons relative to mineral horizons. The oxidized lignin signature was maintained during transfer into rivers, and lignin was a relatively constant fraction of bulk organic carbon in soils and riverine POM. Lignin in DOM became increasingly oxidized downstream, indicating active transformation of dissolved lignin during transport, especially in the dry season. In contrast, POM accumulated undegraded lignin downstream during the wet season, suggesting that terrestrial input exceeded in‐river degradation. We discovered high concentrations of relatively undegraded lignin in POM at depth in the lower Madre de Dios River in both seasons, revealing a woody undercurrent for its transfer within these deep rivers. Our study of lignin evolution in the soil‐river‐ocean continuum highlights important seasonal and depth variations of river carbon components and their connection to soil carbon pools, providing new insights into fluvial carbon dynamics associated with the transfer of lignin biomarkers from source to sink.
Influence of NiFe Alloy Nanopowder on Electromagnetic and Microwave Absorption Properties of MWCNT/Epoxy Composite
Authors: Naidu M. K. , Ramji K. , Santhosi B. V. S. R. N. , Krushna Murthy K. , Subrahmanyam C. , Satyanarayana B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNanocomposite absorbers based on dielectric/magnetic materials are prepared by in situ incorporation of MWCNTs and NiFe alloy nanopowder into epoxy matrix. SEM micrographs and EDAX studies of these nanocomposites clearly revealed the incorporation of MWCNTs/NiFe nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix. Dielectric measurement revealed that the real part of permittivity and permeability of NiFe‐filled MWCNT composites increased with an increase in NiFe concentration. The consolidated loss tangent values revealed that the total losses were highest for 15% of NiFe alloy nanopowder, thus accounting for the highest absorption loss. The two‐layer RAS composed of NiFe alloy nanopowder‐filled MWCNTs/epoxy composite achieves a minimum reflection loss of −12 dB (95% of absorption) in the range of 8.2–9.8 GHz and a maximum peak of −19 dB at 8.2 GHz with a thickness of 4 mm for 15 wt% NiFe alloy nanopowder MWCNTs/epoxy composites. In addition, −10 dB absorption bandwidths of composite material are <2 GHz, i.e., 8.2–9.8 GHz. Microwave absorption was attributed to both the dielectric and magnetic nature of MWCNTs and NiFe alloy nanopowder. The frequency of microwave absorption complies with the quarter wavelength (λ/4) matching model.
This is Not a History Lesson; This is Agitation: A Call for a Methodology of Diffraction in US‐Based Community Psychology
Authors: Langhout Regina Day 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAgitation, as deployed by the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF), occurs when imaginations and curiosities are piqued, and self‐interest is made visible. In this framework, agitation is a step in creating change. In this paper, I outline two agitations within US‐based community psychology. I then describe a third agitation that is underway; I add my voice and call for a methodology of diffraction as a contribution to critical reflexivity practices within US‐based community psychology. Consistent with the IAF framework, I do not provide solutions. I write this paper as a provocation to help us think imaginatively and creatively about our actions and future, so that we can consider the paradigm shifts needed to move into critical ways of understanding connection, responsibility, accountability, and creating change—of interest during Swampscott and today.
Ti‐Mediated Efficient Reductive Dehalogenation of Carbon–Halogen Bonds
Authors: González‐Delgado José A. , Prieto Consuelo , Enríquez Lourdes , Jaraíz Martín , López‐Pérez José L. , Barrero Alejandro F. , Arteaga Jesús F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA mild and efficient methodology for the reductive dehalogenation of carbon–halogen bonds in both activated (allylic or benzylic) and non‐activated halides with excess TiIII is thoroughly described. A detailed computational and experimental study corroborates that the reaction occurs via the allyl(benzyl) radical and allyl(benzyl)‐Ti, which is protonated by a Brønsted acid, and proceeds regioselectively in the case of allylic derivatives. This synthetic method is compatible with a wide range of functional groups and reaction conditions, and thus presents a mild process for reductive dehalogenation in the field of organic synthesis.
Fabrication of cellulose membrane with “imprinted morphology” and low crystallinity from spherulitic [Bmim]Cl
Authors: Ma Bomou , Qiao Xue , Hou Xiuliang , He Chunju 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn the present study, regenerated cellulose membrane with “imprinted morphology” and low crystallinity was fabricated from the crystal cellulose/[Bmim]Cl solution. Spherulites of 1‐butyl‐3‐methilimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and cellulose/[Bmim]Cl solution were observed using polarized optical microscopy under certain condition. The fabricated cellulose membranes presented some particular characteristics compared with the membrane prepared from traditional cellulose/[Bmim]Cl solution. All the fabricated membranes were characterized by optical microscope, Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), thermo‐gravimetric analysis, and mechanical testing. The images showed that the resulting membranes prepared from crystal cellulose/[Bmim]Cl solution were “imprinted” with patterns which originated from the crystalline structure of [Bmim]Cl. The results of WAXD showed that the obtained cellulose membrane exhibited low diffraction peaks and crystallinity of approximately 24.57%. Furthermore, the low crystallinity led to the low mechanical property (27.5 MPa), thermal stability (315.4 °C), and high moisture regain (9.5%). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43798.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE LANTHANUM YTTRIUM MANGANESE SILICIDE (LA1‐XYXMN2SI2) SYSTEM
Authors: SAMPATHKUMARAN E. V. , CHAUGHULE R. S. , GOPALAKRISHNAN K. V. , MALIK S. K. , VIJAYARAGHAVAN R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLaMn2Si2 und YMn2Si2 kristallisieren beide in der ThCr2Si2‐Struktur (I4/mmm) und bilden eine lückenlose Mischkristallreihe ohne Kristallstrukturänderung.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF THORIUM DIIODIDE AND SOME DERIVATIVES
Authors: KUMAR N. , TUCK D. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie elektrochemische Oxidation von Th‐Metall in einer Lösung von 12 in MeCN bei 20°C zu ThI2‐2 MeCN (IV) und dessen thermische Zers. stellt einen einfachen und effizienten synthetischen Einstieg in die Th"‐Chemie dar.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL ADDITIONS OF THE ALLYL AND THE BENZYL GROUPS OF ALLYL AND BENZYL HALIDES TO ACETONE
Authors: SATOH S. , SUGINOME H. , TOKUDA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Elektrolyse von Allyl‐ und Benzyl?alogeniden in Gegenwart eines funffachen Überschusses Aceton in HMPA wird eine Reihe von tert. Alkoholen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: (L JQIO :aktionen Thermische und katalytische Umlagerung von (3‐Chlorallyl)‐phenylether.
Authors: LEVASHOVA V. I. , ANDREEV N. A. , BUNINA‐KRIVORUKOVA L. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIm Gegensatz zu Literaturangaben lagert sich die Titelverbindung (I) sowohl thermisch wie katalytisch um.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OF S‐ALKYL 3‐OXOBUTANETHIOATE
Authors: HASEGAWA T. , SHIMIZU T. , IWASAKI K. , OGUCHI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBestrahlen der in α‐Position unsubstituierten Titelverbindungen (I) liefert die Disulfide (VI) anstelle von Thioacetaten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1‐TRIACONTANOL
Authors: RAO A. V. R. , YADAV J. S. , ANNAPURNA G. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch aufeinanderfolgende Alkylierung von Tosylmethylisocyanid (I) mit (II) und (IV) wird der Ketoester (V) hergestellt, der zu Triaoontanol (VII) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaktion von N,N‐Dichlorurethan mit Trichlorethylen.
Authors: MIRSKOVA A. N. , LEVKOVSKAYA G. G. , GOGOBERIDZE I. T. , DROZDOVA T. I. , KALIKHMAN I. D. , VORONKOV M. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion der Titelverbindungen (I) und (II) liefert in Abhängigkeit von den Bedingungen das Bis‐ethoxycarbonylaminoethan (III) oder das Amid (IV).