bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index and the Relationship with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Romania
Authors: Caldararu Carmen Denise , Tarta Dorin , Pop Raluca , Gliga Mirela , Carasca Emilian , Dogaru Grigore 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Obesity and chronic kidney disease are epidemic size. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) appears to be more common in obese, although interrelation is not supported by all authors.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of overweight and obesity on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors for CKD.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 627 patients admitted in a Nephrology Department between January 2007 - December 2011. Patients were divided according to eGFR in a CKD group and a non-CKD group. Patients were divided based on BMI in: normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (≥ 25 kg/m2 and ≤30 kg/m2) and obese (>30 kg/m2). Demographical, clinical and laboratory data (serum creatinine, lipid parameters, etc) were used for the statistical analysis. The relationship between BMI (as a marker of obesity and overweight), glomerular filtration rate and other possible risk factors for chronic kidney disease was studied.

Results: 43.70% patients were obese and 33.17% overweight. CKD prevalence was 58.69%. Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure was the main determinant of CKD in our patients.

Conclusion: Lack of association between BMI and CKD was demonstrated in our study.
Preparation and evaluation of diclofenac sodium orally disintegrating tablets
Authors: Iancu Valeriu , Roncea Florentina , Cazacincu Radu George , Lupuleasa Dumitru 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are dosage forms which disintegrate in mouth within seconds without need of water. This type of quality in dosage form can be attained by addition of different varieties of excipients. Pharmaburst™ 500 is a co-processed excipient system which allows rapid disintegration and low adhesion to punches. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate 25 mg diclofenac sodium ODTs (orodispersible tablets) batches by direct compression method at different compression forces 10 kN (F1) and 20 kN (F2) and directly compressible excipients used in different ratio (Avicel PH 102, magnesium stearate and coprocessed excipient Pharmaburst™ 500, 70% and 80% w/w). The obtained batches were analyzed for appearance, tablet thickness, uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and non-compendial methods (wetting time). Co-processed Pharmaburst™ 500 excipient 70% used for sodium diclofenac ODT obtaining determined good results for quality control tests evaluation.
L2 acquisition of Mandarin zai and -le
Authors: Tong Xiner , Shirai Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough the Aspect Hypothesis has been tested in many European languages, it has not been investigated extensively in Chinese. The present study tested the Aspect Hypothesis in relation to two predictions: the Association Prediction, which predicts that perfective aspect (in Chinese,–le) will be associated with telic verbs and progressive aspect (zai) with activity verbs, and the Developmental Prediction, which predicts that such associations will be stronger at early stages of development. The study employed a controlled experiment, which elicited learners’ judgments on perfective–leand progressivezaiin obligatory, incorrect, and optional contexts. The results show that the Association Prediction is only partially supported and that the Developmental Prediction is not supported, in that higher-level learners associate lexical aspect more strongly with the grammatical aspect marker. The results are more consistent with the Default Past Tense Hypothesis (Salaberry 1999. The development of past tense verbal morphology in classroom L2 Spanish.Applied Linguistics20. 151–178), which we propose to be extended to the Lexical Insensitivity Hypothesis.
汉语和修纳语对应词词义关系对比
Authors: Mushangwe Herbert 
Published: May 2016

提要本文在现有汉语和修纳语词汇研究成果的基础上，对汉语和修纳语词汇的词义进行了比较分析。本文以 Nida 的翻译对等理论为基础，将《SHONA - CHINESE, CHINESE - SHONA DICTIONARY with English glosses》作为案例，对汉语和修纳语对应词词义关系进行了对比。调查的结果显示，汉语和修纳语词汇当中存在着不对应关系现象。根据这两种语言的非对应词词义关系情况，可以预测：以修纳语作为母语的学生学习汉语时出现词汇偏误的可能性比较高。
Hydrogen Production via Glycerol Reforming over Pt/SiO2 Nanocatalyst in a Spiral-Shaped Microchannel Reactor
Authors: Touri Azita Ebrahimi , Taghizadeh Majid 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Platinum supported silica nanocatalyst was synthesized for hydrogen production by steam reforming of glycerol (SRG). The catalyst was prepared by the sol-gel method and characterized using BET, SEM, and XRD techniques. The performance of the catalyst was evaluated in terms of glycerol conversion, hydrogen yield and exit gas selectivity in reaction temperature range 300–400 °C in a plate-type microchannel reactor at atmospheric pressure. According to the experimental results, Pt/SiO2 nanocatalyst was successfully synthesized by sol-gel method. The optimum conditions were obtained with inlet feed flow rate of 3 mL/h and temperature of 400 °C, leading to a low CO selectivity and high H2 yield. The results showed that the Pt nanocatalyst supported on SiO2 had a good performance on the gaseous products and yield of H2.
Professional Coach: The Link between Science and Media
Authors: Blumenstein Boris , Orbach Iris 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSport science and sport media give special attention to professional coaches from individual and team sport. However, there is not a lot of knowledge on those two approaches: Science and media. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to present sport science approach oriented on research, and sport media approach based on description of “coach life stories”. In this article we describe five cases of individual and team coaches. Similarities and difference in these two approaches are discussed.
Soziale Mobilität und die Wahrnehmung gesellschaftlicher Ungleichheit / Social Mobility and the Perception of Social Inequality
Authors: Ulrich Karl 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Investigations of mobility processes within whole societies usually take as their frame of reference a hierarchy of occupational prestige groups. In doing so, they often assume that this model of social inequality describes, at the same time, the direction and the dimension of mobility orientations as well, making it possible thereby to infer mobility experiences as subjectively interpreted, from movements as objectively measured.
Empirical evidence on notions of social inequality does, however, contradict the assumption that there is consent on the dimensions and the internal structure of the system of stratification. Neither can the additional tenet that social differentiation is preceived in a specifically different way by members of each social stratum be corroborated by the data a presented. Thus, social mobility cannot be defined and measured in reference to commonly shared representations of societal structure.
Historischer Funktionalismus / History-Oriented Functionalism
Authors: Ridder Paul 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The differentiation of functional method and functional theory which gives the frame of reference leaves the selection of references problematic. The combination of functional method with boundary maintenance of systems has to be given up to develop static functional method into a method of dynamic analysis. This necessitates history as a reference in an analytical sense and makes it possible to analyze the genesis of social structure. In what way the development of social structures could be analyzed is shown by the example of the career of the mental patient.
Zur Messung der Lebensqualität / Measuring the Quality of Life
Authors: Zapf Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Recently, criticism of extensive economic growth and its measurement in terms of GNP is accumulating. Quality of Life is introduced as an alternate societal goal. Economists are discussing deficits in Quality of Life mainly in terms of social costs, infrastructure, public poverty. One strategy to assess such deficits and to develop more adequate welfare measures is to be seen in efforts to restructure the present system of economic accounts, especially by incorporating non-market activities and externalities. A second strategy is the establishment of a regular system of social reporting matching economic reporting. Social indicators are conceived of as quantitative measures to evaluate benefits and disbenefits in major areas of social concern. Social indicators should indicate, directly and in non-monetary terms, changes in the individual’s Quality of Life. This paper reviews the present state of the art by discussing current controversies and different approaches. At the same time, political consequences and dilemmas (mobility vs. solidarity, efficiency vs. participation) inherent in these approaches are discussed.
Einige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Entwicklungsskalierung von Leik und Matthews / Some Possible Applications of Leik’s and Matthews’ Developmental Scale
Authors: Bergmann Herbert 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The paper tries to broaden the scope of the scaling approach designed by LEIK and MATTHEWS and presents some of its possible uses. After a short terminological introduction and a brief review of the scaling model the following problems are descussed in some detail:
- the set-up of auxiliary theories in the sense of BLALOCK, which can be used to show what kind of conditions lead to acceptable scale patterns;
- the use of the scale in analysing multiple responses to open-ended questions, and in analysing certain instances of role-behaviour and of technical innovations;
- the possibilities offered by a two-dimensional variant of the original scale model;
- the construction of scale-scores either as ordinal variables or as nominal ones (construction of types) on the basis of the scaling procedure.
The different problems are illustrated by examples.
Konstruktive Heuristik als Verfahrensstrategie für komplexe Verwaltungsreformen / Constructive Heuristics as a Strategy for Complex Administrative Reforms
Authors: Damkowski Wulf , Rose Helmut 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Constructive heuristics are based on the assumption that changes of public policies resulting from social changes are a continuous process, which neccessitates corresponding changes in the structure and internal processes of public bureaucracies.
This strategy can be characterized in the following way:
It is constructive, since reform processes are guided by a concept of goals. It is heuristic, since goals are successively introduced and reviewed, although limited to chose parts of the organization which are most sensitive to reform. Introduction of such a concept starts with developping a point of departure for the intended process of reform. Such point of departure will be those parts of an organization where elements of the proposed concept have already been implicitely practiced.
This approach can be termed paradigmatic since those elements of the concept which are essential to its realization will be given priority in empirical testing. Moreover, this strategy is iterative since the formation of goals and their practical implementation are mutually intertwined: feedbacks from implementation are supposed to lead to modified concepts which will in return guide subsequent steps of reform.
Finally this strategy can be called conductive, because reform is processed by a flexible cooperative organization of overlapping teams.
Zur „Stellungnahme . . . über die antimarxistischen Ansichten einiger Sozialforscher“ / On the „Statement... Concerning the Anti-Marxist Views of Some Social Scientists“
Authors: Balla Bálint 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The contribution reports on the background of the recent party expulsion of Andras Hegedüs, ancient prime minister of Hungary and later first director of the Sociological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and also of some other Hungarian social scientists.
Zum Erkenntniswert empirischer Generalisierungen / The function of empirical generalizations in scientific findings
Authors: Peuckert Rüdiger 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
One of the most characteristic traits of contemporary social science is the construction and testing of empirical generalisations. In spite of the steadily growing number of studies testing empirical generalizations almost no effort has been made to discuss the fruitfulness of this type of research. It is shown that in most cases empirical generalizations do not fit with reality. Special attention is drawn to the facts why such generalizations, nevertheless, are tested again and again. It turns out that assumptions are made which are considered to be plausible but which, in reality, prove to be wrong.
Max Weber and the Sociology of Science: A Case Reopened / Max Weber und die Wissenschaftssoziologie: Zur Wiederaufnahme der Diskussion
Authors: Tenbruck Friedrich H. 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Für die Entwicklung der Soziologie der Wissenschaft sind die Arbeiten R.K. MERTONS grundlegend gewesen. Das gilt auch für seine frühe Untersuchung über Science, Technology and Society in Seventeeth-Century England, die er als die Ausführung eines Programms vorlegte, welches MAX WEBER am Ende der Protestantischen Ethik entwickelt hatte. Obschon MERTONS Untersuchung eine bleibende Leistung darstellt, entspricht sie nicht den Absichten MAX WEBERS. Dieser hat die Problematik der Entstehung der modernen Wissenschaft duchaus anders gesehen und später auch wesentliche Ansätze für eine recht andere Soziologie der Wissenschaft skizziert. Das ist bisher u.a. wegen der verbreiteten Annahme übersehen worden, WEBER habe sein ursprüngliches Programm aufgegeben. Wie sich bei genauer Lektüre herausstellt, ist das Gegenteil richtig, womit das Werk MAX WEBERS in ein anderes Licht rückt.
WEBERS Ansatz schließt der Soziologie der Wissenschaft eine ganze Dimension auf, die bisher übersehen worden ist, für ein Verständnis der geschichtlichen Entwicklung der Wissenschaft und ihrer heutigen Problematik jedoch unentbehrlich ist. Im Rahmen dieses Artikels war es nicht möglich, WEBERS Konzept und dessen Implikationen auszubreiten, so daß ich vorläufig auf die summarische Darstellung in meinem Aufsatz “‘Science as a Vocation’ - Revisited” verweisen muß, der in Standorte im Zeitstrom. Festschrift für Arnold Gehlen, hersg. von E. FORSTHOFF und R. HÖRSTEL, Athenäum Verlag, Frankfurt 1974, erschienen ist. Auch die Konsequenzen für die WEBER-Forschung konnte ich hier nur andeuten. Ich werde auf beide zurückkommen.
Rekursive oder nicht-rekursive Modelle? / Testing for non-recursiveness in causal modelling
Authors: Ammermann Christof , Gluchowski Peter , Schmidt Peter 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The paper discusses a stubborn problem of theory construction: deciding between recursive and non- recursive variants of a causal model by testing them against empirical data. After pointing out the consequences of a correlation between an exogeneous variable and the error term of an endogeneous variable as well as certain aspects of the identification problem we show for the asymptotic case (n → ∞) that a test is possible if the correlation between the exogeneous and the error term is in fact zero. Following this we present the results of a Monte-Carlo simulation investigating the robustness of the proposed test when applied to small samples. Finally we suggest conclusions of this testing procedure for empirical research.
Alienation – In Marx and Modern Empirical Sociology / Entfremdung – Marx und die moderne empirische Soziologie
Authors: Wallimann Isidor 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Arbeit nimmt die Diskussion zu MARX’ Konzept der Entfremdung wieder auf und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daß zwischen den Ansichten des „jungen“ und des „alten“ MARX keine grundsätzlichen Unterschiede bestehen. Sie behauptet, daß MARX’ Konzept sich ausschließlich als objektive Definition verstehen läßt und es unter der Voraussetzung, daß dieses Konzept aufrechterhalten werden soll, unmöglich ist, in Entfremdung als solcher die Ursache jeweils bestimmter Verhaltensweisen, Erfahrungen, Einstellungen und Gefühle anzusetzen. Die genannten Schlußfolgerungen werden auch hinsichtlich des MARXschen Konzeptes des „wahren Bewußtseins“ geltend gemacht, wobei hier wie dort auf unangemessene, ja inkorrekte Übersetzungen von MARX hingewiesen wird. Die Arbeit versucht zusammenfassend zu zeigen, daß Forschungsdesigns, die von Entfremdungsdefinitionen subjektiver Art ausgehen oder Entfremdung als Verhaltens-, Erfahrungs- etc. Ursache postulieren, im Gegensatz zu älteren Untersuchungen jeden theoretischen Bezug zu MARX vermissen lassen.
Effekte beruflicher Mobilität / Effects of occupational mobility
Authors: Herz Thomas A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The theoretical and methodological issues in the recent literature on the effects of occupational mobility are reviewed. The flaws in this literature are discussed. An analysis of class identification and fertility along the traditional lines and based on German data follows. No mobility effects can be discerned. A major explanation for this is found by moving from an individual to a stratification approach to test an implicit assumption of mobility effects explanations - that there exist class barriers of a normative-cultural kind. Such barriers do not exist - at least not to such an extent that the implied effects arise. The stratification approach is followed up by a redefinition of the problem. We ask: what are the effects of mobility on the system of stratification? An analysis of aggregated German sample surveys leads to the conclusion that from this viewpoint there are mobility effects.
Zur Rolle kybernetisch-systemtheoretischer Methoden der Wirtschaftslenkung in der DDR / On the role of cybernetic models and systems theory in the economic planning system of the GDR
Authors: Köster Peter 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this paper the role of cybernetic models and systems theory concepts in the analysis and construction of processes in the economic planning system of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) is investigated within the frame of evaluation in which these concepts were discussed by some well known scientists in the GDR and the party-and state-leadership as well.
The attempt is made to explain the changing attitude toward the importance of these sciences within the context of sozio-economic development in the GDR from the beginning of the sixties up to the seventies.
On the one hand the possibilities are demonstrated which cybernetic models can provide for the analysis of socio-economic relations in terms of structure and function; i. e. in how far they can be helpful in the development of more efficient planning methods. On the other hand it is argued that these models should not be overestimated, especially, if they are not validated empirically. But they can definitely be used to make societal relationships more obvious and furthermore to analyse their mechanisms of power, control and communication.
Schwedische Wohlfahrtsforschung / Swedish research on social welfare
Authors: Gurgsdies Erik 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This report attempts to give a survey of development and state of Swedish research on welfare. It concentrates on surveys conducted by the socalled Low Income Committee which can be considered as the starting point of research on welfare in Sweden.
After a short chronological presentation of the works of the Low Income Committee as well as some followup studies the underlying welfare concept will be discussed. First, all problems are being discussed which are related to the decision to measure welfare by nine level of living components: health, nutrition, housing, childhood and family conditions, schooling, work and working conditions, economic ressources, political ressources, leisure. Second, the further determination of the welfare concept by constructing social indicators of empirical relevance is described. Finally, there is a survey of the most important publications about Swedish research on welfare.
Forschungsinfrastruktur und Organisationsform von Universitätsinstituten / Infrastructure of Research and the Organization of University Institutes
Authors: Geser Hans 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Two samples of university research institutes are analysed in order to study relationships between the amount of research infrastructure (in terms of machinery and technical services) on the one hand, and the characteristics of social organization and contextual relationships on the other.
In the Swiss sample, especially the variable “technical services” shows positive correlations with bureaucratization of social structure, elimination of educational functions and - especially when the institute is small - with a general tendency for contextual isolation.
On the other hand, Canadian institutes seem to preserve a decentralized, “professional” organization regardless of their amount of material or social infrastructure.
Determinanten der Entscheidung für das Studium der Soziologie – Eine Anwendung der Pfadanalyse / Determinants for the Decision to Study Sociology – An Application of Path Analysis
Authors: Lange Elmar 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
On the basis of an interactionist approach to occupational choice complex models of the decision for the study of sociology are developed and confronted with empirical data, using the method of path analysis. The method is shown with regard to its theoretical and methodological assumptions, its rules of procedure and its efficiency limitations.
Zur Zentralität von Einstellungen / On the Centrality of Attitudes
Authors: Lippert Ekkehard , Wakenhut Roland 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Subsequent to a survey of the available literature concerning the concept of centrality of attitudes a new definition has been developed. It is oriented toward a dynamic system-theoretical conception. When attitude is seen in its functional aspect as a means to structure cognitive and environmental complexity it is found to have considerable influence on the steering of the structuring process. Based on a stimulus threshold paradigm the differing influence of centrality on the change of attitude can be determined. The conclusion includes several references to the possibilities of the operational definitions of centrality as well as several empirical findings which can be assimilated into the scetched theoretical context.
Legal Problems and the Use of Law in Tokio and London – A Preliminary Study in International Comparison / Rechtsfragen und Rechtsverwendung in Tokio und London – Forschungsergebnisse im ersten Vergleich
Authors: Rokumoto Kahei 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit die Häufigkeiten, mit denen in verschiedenen Ländern die Bürger Rechtsmittel einsetzen, und die Muster dieser Häufigkeiten vergleichbar sind. Sie zieht dabei die von BRIAN ABEL-SMITH u. a. in ihrer London-Studie (1973) entwickelte Methode heran. 413 männliche Einwohner eines Stadtteils in Tokio wurden gebeten, über ihre Erfahrungen in Rechtsangelegenheiten (in 12 ausgewählten Problemfeldern) zu berichten. Der Unterschied in der Zusammensetzung der Samples ist im Vergleich mit den Daten, die die Londoner Studie erbracht hatte, berücksichtigt worden. Die Analyse zeigt, daß Rechtsauseinandersetzungen, über die die Tokioter berichteten, im allgemeinen zwar weniger zahlreich sind als die der Londoner, aber dazu tendieren, drastischere Formen anzunehmen. Die nach Problemfeldern unterschiedliche Rate in der Benutzung von Rechtsmitteln, die in beiden Samples ähnliche Muster aufweist, wird von einem Modell dreier Dimensionen her erklärt, die die Problemfelder jeweils charakterisieren. Dabei ergibt sich, daß die Rate der Rechtsmittelverwendung in Tokio nicht nur im großen und ganzen tiefer liegt, sondern auch einen besonderen Typus bildet. Es wird die These aufgestellt, daß die Art und Weise, in der Tokioter Konflikte lösen, dadurch erklärt werden kann, daß man in Japan Konflikte in erster Linie als Angelegenheit wechselseitiger Anpassung, zu der die Parteien kommen müssen, weniger aber als Anwendungsfall abstrakter Regeln ansieht.