bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Horizontal Resolution on Long‐Range Equatorward Radiation of Near‐Inertial Internal Waves in Ocean General Circulation Models
Authors: Sun Bingrong , Jing Zhao , Yuan Man , Yang Haiyuan , Wu Lixin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWind‐generated near‐inertial internal waves (NIWs) are characterized by dominant long‐range equatorward radiation due to the gradient of the planetary vorticity, known as the β‐refraction effect. In this study, we analyze the effects of horizontal model resolution on the long‐range equatorward radiation of NIWs. In a high‐resolution Community Earth System Model (CESM‐HR) with a 0.1° oceanic resolution, about 25% (15%) of NIW energy flux injected downward the surface boundary layer base poleward of 30°N (30°S) radiates into the lower‐latitude region. This ratio decreases to about 15% (8%) in a low‐resolution CESM (CESM‐LR) with a 1° oceanic resolution. The higher long‐range equatorward radiation efficiency in the CESM‐HR than the CESM‐LR is directly attributed to the faster equatorward group velocity of the NIWs of the first three vertical modes, which reflects the better representation of equatorward propagation and beta‐refraction of smaller scale NIWs in the CESM‐HR. The enhancement of equatorward wavenumber induced by the β‐refraction is inhibited in the CESM‐LR, which underrepresent the long‐range equatorward radiation of NIWs. These results underscore the necessity of high‐resolution ocean models in accurately simulating the spatial variabilities of NIWs and their induced turbulent diapycnal mixing in the global ocean.
Personal air sampling for pesticides in the California San Joaquin Valley
Authors: Bennett Deborah H. , Sellen Jane , Moran Rebecca , Alaimo Christopher P. , Young Thomas M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
California is a leading agricultural state and with that, has significant applications of pesticides. Levels of exposure have been measured to be higher among residents in agricultural areas, but measures of personal inhalation exposure to a wide range of pesticides are lacking. Community members in the San Joaquin Valley have expressed concern over pesticide exposures. Working with community members, a wide range of pesticides in personal air samples were measured.

Methods
Adult and school-aged participants were recruited from small agricultural towns in the San Joaquin Valley. Participants wore a backpack sampler for 8–14 h on 1–3 days. Samples were collected on two tubes, one with Tenax-TA resin and the other with XAD-2 resin. In total, 21 pesticides were analyzed using both LC/MS and GC/MS methods.

Results
Thirty-one adult participants and 11 school aged participants were recruited, and sampling occurred on a total of 92 days. Seven adults, 22% of adult participants, and one school child had detectable levels of at least one pesticide. Pesticides detected above the limit of detection were 1,3-dichloropropene, chlorpyrifos, pyrimethanil, burprofezin and penthiopyrad. When these samples were collected, chlorpyrifos was not permitted to be used in California.

Impact statement

California, a leading agricultural state, has significant pesticide use, leading to concern about exposures among community members. Thirty-one adult and 11 school aged participants wore personal air sampling backpacks from 1–3 days. Twenty-two percent of adult participants had detectable levels of at least one pesticide. Two pesticides with established toxicity, 1,3-dichloropropene and chlorpyrifos were detected, along with first time measurements of pyrimethanil, burprofezin and penthiopyrad in the United States, which all have potential indications of toxicity. This study suggests the need to expand which pesticides are measured in agricultural communities.
High efficiency and dynamic modulation of nonlinear metasurfaces
Authors: Zhao Ruizhe , Huang Lingling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces have facilitated numerous innovative applications in the scope of nonlinear optics. However, dynamically tuning the nonlinear response at the pixel level is very challenging. Recent work proposed a novel method to electrically manipulate the local amplitude and phase of third-harmonics generation (THG) by integrating the giant nonlinear responses resulting from intersubband transitions of multiple quantum wells (MQW) with plasmonic nano-resonator. The demonstrated method may pave the way to realize nonlinear optical elements with versatile functionalities by electrically tuning and promoting the advancements of innovative applications such as lidar, 3D displays, optical encryption, optical computing, and so on.
Longitudinal effects of obesity on pulmonary function in obese children and adolescents
Authors: Charoensittisup Pawinee , Udomittipong Kanokporn , Mahoran Khunphon , Palamit Apinya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
To investigate the longitudinal effects of obesity on change in lung function after 1 year of follow-up in obese children and adolescents.

Methods
Obese children/adolescents aged 8–15 years with pulmonary function test (PFT) results and recorded anthropometric obesity indices from 1 year earlier for comparison were recruited. Multiple linear regression of change in each lung function parameter was applied to determine the effect of sex, change in body mass index (ΔBMI), change in chest circumference (ΔCC), change in waist circumference (ΔWC), and change in waist circumference-to-height ratio (ΔWC/Ht).

Results
Sixty-six children/adolescents (mean age: 12.5 ± 2.6 years) were recruited. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ΔWC negatively affects the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first 1 s to the forced vital capacity of the lungs Δ(FEV1/FVC) (b = −0.3, p = 0.002), forced expiratory flow rate within 25–75% of vital capacity (ΔFEF25–75%) (b = −0.92, p = 0.006), and Δ(FEF25–75%/FVC) (b = −0.99, p = 0.003). When replacing ΔWC with Δ(WC/Ht) as the independent variable, Δ(WC/Ht) also negatively affects Δ(FEV1/FVC) (b = −33.71, p = 0.02), ΔFEF25–75% (b = −102.9, p = 0.03) and Δ(FEF25–75%/FVC) (b = −102.7, p = 0.03).

Conclusion
After 1 year of follow-up, change in abdominal adiposity determined by WC and WC/Ht exerted significant negative effect on lung function change specific to FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75% /FVC, and FEF25–75%.

Impact

Longitudinal effects of change in obesity on lung function in obese children and adolescents are evidenced.

Change in waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio, which indicates abdominal adiposity, was inversely correlated with a change in FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75% /FVC, and FEF25–75% in children and adolescents with obesity after 1 year of follow-up.

Our results suggest using waist circumference and/or waist-to-height ratio in addition to BW and/or BMI for monitoring obesity.

Fat loss programs, especially those focused on reducing abdominal adiposity should be encouraged to prevent late lung function impairment.
Associations between glucocorticoid use and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with prostate cancer receiving antiandrogen: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Lee Yan Hiu Athena , Leung Chi Ho , Leung David Ka Wai , Dee Edward Christopher , Ng Kenrick , Tse Gary , Ng Chi Fai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Prednisolone/prednisone coadministration with abiraterone may explain abiraterone-related increase in cardiovascular risk. We explored this postulation and glucocorticoid’s association with cardiovascular risk.

Methods
Patients with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy and enzalutamide, or abiraterone with 5 mg (ABI + P5) or 10 mg (ABI + P10) daily total prednisolone/prednisone were followed up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Results
We analyzed 933 patients. ABI + P10, but not enzalutamide, had higher risk of MACE than ABI + P5. Cumulative glucocorticoid dose before enzalutamide/abiraterone initiation was associated with MACE.

Conclusions
Prednisolone/prednisone coadministration with abiraterone likely contributed to abiraterone-related increased cardiovascular risk. Prevalent cumulative glucocorticoid dose was associated with cardiovascular risk.
Testing the causal relationship of fat and sugar intake with depression and cortisol: a Mendelian Randomisation study
Authors: Buczkowska Matylda , Iob Eleonora 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnhealthy diets high in fat and sugar content may have an impact on psychological health and increase the risk of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and stress levels. On the other hand, MDD and stress might be related to food choices and intake. However, it is not clear whether diet, and specifically fat and sugar intake, is causally related to stress and MDD, and whether this relationship may be bi-directional. This study utilised Mendelian Randomisation (MR) to investigate the causal nature of the relationship of fat and sugar intake with MDD and cortisol (as a proxy of stress), and to shed light on the direction of this relationship. Summary-level data for all exposure and outcome variables were obtained from large-scale, non-overlapping GWASs in individuals of European ancestry. Bidirectional analyses were performed: one with macronutrients as exposures and one with MDD/cortisol as exposures. Random-effects inverse-variance weighted regression was used as the primary analytic method for genetic instruments with at least two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available (and individual Wald ratio was used when only one SNP was available). Higher levels of genetically predicted relative sugar intake were causally associated with lower MDD risk, for both genome-wide significant p-value threshold of p < 1 × 10−8, (OR = 0.553, 95% CI: 0.395-0.775) and relaxed p-value threshold of p < 1 × 10−6 (OR = 0.786, 95% CI: 0.630–0.981). No reverse causality was detected in the opposite direction as MDD was not associated with sugar consumption. The associations observed for all the other pairs of variables were weak and imprecise. A number of limitations was present in the study, such as low-SNP based heritability for some exposures, inability to prove whether variants were correlated with unmeasured confounders and self-reporting of MDD data. Lifestyle and/or pharmacological interventions targeting sugar-related physiological mechanisms may help to reduce depressive symptoms. However, more research is necessary on short- and long-term effects of sugar on the risk of MDD. Additionally, future studies should investigate whether the amount and type of sugar consumed may underlie the impact of sugar on mood and stress levels.
The challenge of phasing-out fossil fuel finance in the banking sector
Authors: Rickman J. , Falkenberg M. , Kothari S. , Larosa F. , Grubb M. , Ameli N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA timely and well-managed phase-out of bank lending to the fossil fuel sector is critical if Paris climate targets are to remain within reach. Using a systems lens to explore over $7 trillion of syndicated fossil fuel debt, we show that syndicated debt markets are resilient to uncoordinated phase-out scenarios without regulatory limits on banks’ fossil fuel lending. However, with regulation in place, a tipping point emerges as banks sequentially exit the sector and phase-out becomes efficient. The timing of this tipping point depends critically on the stringency of regulatory rules. It is reached sooner in scenarios where systemically important banks lead the phase-out and is delayed without regional coordination, particularly between US, Canadian and Japanese banks.
Combinatorial summation of Feynman diagrams
Authors: Kozik Evgeny 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFeynman’s diagrammatic series is a common language for a formally exact theoretical description of systems of infinitely-many interacting quantum particles, as well as a foundation for precision computational techniques. Here we introduce a universal framework for efficient summation of connected or skeleton Feynman diagrams for generic quantum many-body systems. It is based on an explicit combinatorial construction of the sum of the integrands by dynamic programming, at a computational cost that can be made only exponential in the diagram order on a classical computer and potentially polynomial on a quantum computer. We illustrate the technique by an unbiased diagrammatic Monte Carlo calculation of the equation of state of the 2D SU(N) Hubbard model in an experimentally relevant regime, which has remained challenging for state-of-the-art numerical methods.
Variants in LRRC7 lead to intellectual disability, autism, aggression and abnormal eating behaviors
Authors: Willim Jana , Woike Daniel , Greene Daniel , Das Sarada , Pfeifer Kevin , Yuan Weimin , Lindsey Anika , Itani Omar , Böhme Amber L. , Tibbe Debora , Hönck Hans-Hinrich , Hassani Nia Fatemeh ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Zech Michael , Brunet Theresa , Faivre Laurence , Sorlin Arthur , Vitobello Antonio , Smol Thomas , Colson Cindy , Baranano Kristin , Schatz Krista , Bayat Allan , Schoch Kelly , Spillmann Rebecca , Davis Erica E. , Conboy Erin , Vetrini Francesco , Platzer Konrad , Neuser Sonja , Gburek-Augustat Janina , Grace Alexandra Noel , Mitchell Bailey , Stegmann Alexander , Sinnema Margje , Meeks Naomi , Saunders Carol , Cadieux-Dion Maxime , Hoyer Juliane , Van-Gils Julien , de Sainte-Agathe Jean-Madeleine , Thompson Michelle L. , Bebin E. Martina , Weisz-Hubshman Monika , Tabet Anne-Claude , Verloes Alain , Levy Jonathan , Latypova Xenia , Harder Sönke , Silverman Gary A. , Pak Stephen C. , Schedl Tim , Freson Kathleen , Mumford Andrew , Turro Ernest , Schlein Christian , Shashi Vandana , Kreienkamp Hans-Jürgen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMembers of the leucine rich repeat (LRR) and PDZ domain (LAP) protein family are essential for animal development and histogenesis. Densin-180, encoded by LRRC7, is the only LAP protein selectively expressed in neurons. Densin-180 is a postsynaptic scaffold at glutamatergic synapses, linking cytoskeletal elements with signalling proteins such as the α-subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. We have previously observed an association between high impact variants in LRRC7 and Intellectual Disability; also three individual cases with variants in LRRC7 had been described. We identify here 33 individuals (one of them previously described) with a dominant neurodevelopmental disorder due to heterozygous missense or loss-of-function variants in LRRC7. The clinical spectrum involves intellectual disability, autism, ADHD, aggression and, in several cases, hyperphagia-associated obesity. A PDZ domain variant interferes with synaptic targeting of Densin-180 in primary cultured neurons. Using in vitro systems (two hybrid, BioID, coimmunoprecipitation of tagged proteins from 293T cells) we identified new candidate interaction partners for the LRR domain, including protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), and observed that variants in the LRR reduced binding to these proteins. We conclude that LRRC7 encodes a major determinant of intellectual development and behaviour.
Rapid terahertz beam profiling and antenna characterization with phase-shifting holography
Authors: Mrnka Michal , Penketh Harry , Phillips David B. , Hendry Euan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the application of phase-shifting digital holography for the real-time characterization of electromagnetic sources in the THz frequency range. We use an off-the-shelf terahertz detector array composed of $$64 \times 64$$

64
×
64

power-sensitive pixels, over an area of $$96\,\hbox {mm} \times 96\,\hbox {mm}$$

96

mm
×
96

mm

, to record intensity interferograms cast between the coherent radiation emitted from a reference source and an unknown antenna under test. This approach parallelizes the acquisition process with respect to conventional near-field point scanning methods, reducing the measurement time by orders of magnitude. In our system, the measurement time is limited only by the refresh rate of the detector array and the speed of a delay line stage that is used to phase-shift the reference wave. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we map the 2D near-field distribution and estimate the far-field radiation pattern emitted by a plano-convex PTFE spherical lens antenna illuminated by a diagonal horn at 290 GHz frequency with $$\sim \,1\,\hbox {Hz}$$

∼

1

Hz

refresh rate.
Risk of relationship separation in men with Peyronie’s disease in a matched Swedish cohort
Authors: Henningsohn Lars , Larsson Henrik , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Cederlöf Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPeyronie’s disease (PD) has detrimental effects on the quality of life, mental health, sexual functioning and several other aspects that increase the risk of relationship problems. However, no study to date has assessed the risk of relationship separation in med with PD. Herein, we utilized data from Swedish national registers to examine the risk of relationship separation in men with PD. We conducted a matched cohort study on men born 1933–1992, followed from 1997 to 2013. PD was defined as a physician-assigned diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth version. Each man with PD (n = 8020) was matched with 10 comparison men. We defined relationship separation as (1) ever separated, and (2) separation rate. We used log-linear regression to estimate the risk ratio, and rate ratio of relationship separation. We adjusted for matching variables (birth year and country of birth), and an indicator of each follow-up year. We found that men with PD had a 13% increased risk of relationship separation (risk ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.17). The rate of relationship separation events, measured on a yearly basis, was increased by 18% (rate ratio 1.18, CI 1.12–1.24), and remained similar when adjusting for follow-up year and socio-economic status.
Public support for carbon pricing policies and revenue recycling options: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the survey literature
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Valencia Farah , Mohren Cornelia , Ramakrishnan Anjali , Merchert Marlene , Minx Jan C. , Steckel Jan Christoph 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSince public support is critical for implementing carbon pricing policies, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the survey-based literature on change in public support for direct and indirect carbon pricing policies with and without revenue recycling options. Following a comprehensive and transparent machine-learning assisted screening of the literature, our dataset comprises 35 studies containing 70 surveys across 26 countries with over 100,000 respondents. We find that the introduction of any type of revenue recycling option increases public support for carbon pricing. Results from our meta-regression indicate that green spending (i.e. using revenues for climate-friendly projects) is the only revenue recycling option associated with a statistically significant increase in public support. Our findings moreover suggest that the effects may depend on which region the survey was carried out, highlighting the need for additional research in countries in the regions of Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean.
Nitrogen signaling factor triggers a respiration-like gene expression program in fission yeast
Authors: Ohsawa Shin , Schwaiger Michaela , Iesmantavicius Vytautas , Hashimoto Rio , Moriyama Hiromitsu , Matoba Hiroaki , Hirai Go , Sodeoka Mikiko , Hashimoto Atsushi , Matsuyama Akihisa , Yoshida Minoru , Yashiroda Yoko , Bühler Marc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicrobes have evolved intricate communication systems that enable individual cells of a population to send and receive signals in response to changes in their immediate environment. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the oxylipin nitrogen signaling factor (NSF) is part of such communication system, which functions to regulate the usage of different nitrogen sources. Yet, the pathways and mechanisms by which NSF acts are poorly understood. Here, we show that NSF physically interacts with the mitochondrial sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase Hmt2 and that it prompts a change from a fermentation- to a respiration-like gene expression program without any change in the carbon source. Our results suggest that NSF activity is not restricted to nitrogen metabolism alone and that it could function as a rheostat to prepare a population of S. pombe cells for an imminent shortage of their preferred nutrients.
Terminal α1,2-fucosylation of glycosphingolipids by FUT1 is a key regulator in early cell-fate decisions
Authors: Chen Saray , Hayoun-Neeman Dana , Nagar Michal , Pinyan Sapir , Hadad Limor , Yaacobov Liat , Alon Lilach , Shachar Liraz Efrat , Swissa Tair , Kryukov Olga , Gershoni-Yahalom Orly , Rosental Benyamin , Cohen Smadar , Lichtenstein Rachel G 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe embryonic cell surface is rich in glycosphingolipids (GSLs), which change during differentiation. The reasons for GSL subgroup variation during early embryogenesis remain elusive. By combining genomic approaches, flow cytometry, confocal imaging, and transcriptomic data analysis, we discovered that α1,2-fucosylated GSLs control the differentiation of human pluripotent cells (hPCs) into germ layer tissues. Overexpression of α1,2-fucosylated GSLs disrupts hPC differentiation into mesodermal lineage and reduces differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Conversely, reducing α1,2-fucosylated groups promotes hPC differentiation and mesoderm commitment in response to external signals. We find that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a mesodermal gene inducer, suppresses α1,2-fucosylated GSL expression. Overexpression of α1,2-fucosylated GSLs impairs SMAD activation despite BMP4 presence, suggesting α-fucosyl end groups as BMP pathway regulators. Additionally, the absence of α1,2-fucosylated GSLs in early/late mesoderm and primitive streak stages in mouse embryos aligns with the hPC results. Thus, α1,2-fucosylated GSLs may regulate early cell-fate decisions and embryo development by modulating cell signaling.