bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Old Questions With New Methods: The Effect of Embryonic Motility on Skull Development in the Domestic Chick
Authors: Watanabe Akinobu , Arqam Izza , Taylor Meredith J. , Molnar Julia L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMuscle loading is known to influence skeletal morphology. Therefore, modification of the biomechanical environment is expected to cause coordinated morphological changes to the bony and cartilaginous tissues. Understanding how this musculoskeletal coordination contributes to morphological variation has relevance to health sciences, developmental biology, and evolutionary biology. To investigate how muscle loading influences skeletal morphology, we replicate a classic in ovo embryology experiment in the domestic chick (Gallus gallus domesticus) while harnessing modern methodologies that allow us to quantify skeletal anatomy more precisely and in situ. We induced rigid muscle paralysis in developing chicks mid‐incubation, then compared the morphology of the cranium and mandible between immobilized and untreated embryos using microcomputed tomography and landmark‐based geometric morphometric methods. Like earlier studies, we found predictable differences in the size and shape of the cranium and mandible in paralyzed chicks. These differences were concentrated in areas known to experience high strains during feeding, including the jaw joint and jaw muscle attachment sites. These results highlight specific areas of the skull that appear to be mechanosensitive and suggest muscles that could produce the biomechanical stimuli necessary for normal hatchling morphology. Interestingly, these same areas correspond to areas that show the greatest disparity and fastest evolutionary rates across the avian diversity, which suggests that the musculoskeletal integration observed during development extends to macroevolutionary scales. Thus, selection and evolutionary changes to muscle physiology and architecture could generate large and predictable changes to skull morphology. Building upon previous work, the adoption of modern imaging and morphometric techniques allows richer characterization of musculoskeletal integration that empowers researchers to understand how tissue‐to‐tissue interactions contribute to overall phenotypic variation.
Quantifying Spatial Distribution of Ventilation Defects in Multiple Pulmonary Diseases With Hyperpolarized 129Xenon MRI
Authors: Bdaiwi Abdullah S. , Willmering Matthew M. , Woods Jason C. , Walkup Laura L. , Cleveland Zackary I. 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundHyperpolarized 129Xe MRI assesses lung ventilation, often using the ventilation defect percentage (VDP). Unlike VDP, defect distribution index (DDI) quantifies spatial clustering of defects.PurposeTo quantify spatial distribution of 129Xe ventilation defects using DDI across pulmonary diseases.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsFour hundred twenty‐one subjects (age = 23.1 ± 17.1, female = 230), comprising healthy controls (N = 60) and subjects with obstructive conditions (asthma [N = 25], bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome [BOS, N = 18], cystic fibrosis [CF, N = 90], lymphangioleiomyomatosis [LAM, N = 50]), restrictive conditions (bleomycin‐treated cancer survivors [BLEO, N = 14]; fibrotic lung diseases [FLD, N = 92]), bone marrow transplantation (BMT, N = 53), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, N = 19).Field Strength/Sequence3 T, two‐dimensional multi‐slice gradient echo.AssessmentWhole‐lung mean DDI was extracted from DDI maps; correlated with VDP (percent of pixels <60% of whole‐lung mean signal intensity) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) including FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. DDI and DDI/VDP, a marker of defect clustering, were compared across diseases.Statistical TestsPearson correlation analysis and Kruskal–Wallis tests. P < 0.0056 for disease groups, P < 0.0125 for categories.ResultsDDI was significantly elevated in BMT (8.3 ± 11.5), BOS (30.1 ± 57.5), BPD (16.0 ± 46.8), CF (15.4 ± 27.2), and LAM (12.6 ± 34.2) compared to controls (1.8 ± 3.1). DDI correlated significantly with VDP in all groups (r ≥ 0.56) except BLEO, and with PFTs in CF, FLD, and LAM (r ≥ 0.56). Obstructive groups had significantly higher mean DDI (14.0 ± 32.0) than controls (1.8 ± 3.0) and restrictive groups (4.0 ± 12.0). DDI/VDP was significantly lower in the restrictive group (0.6 ± 0.6) than controls (0.8 ± 0.6) and obstructive group (1.0 ± 1.0).Data ConclusionDDI may provide insights into the distribution of ventilation defects across diseases.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Antibacterial Materials: Influence of the Type and Conditions of Biological Tests on the Measured Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Caron Baptiste , Maresca Marc , Leroux Amelie , Lemesle Marie , Coussegal Jean‐Louis , Guillaneuf Yohann , Lefay Catherine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the growing problem of antibiotic resistance has highlighted the need for antibacterial materials to prevent the development of infections. Different types of tests exist to certify the antibacterial properties of materials. Variations in results can occur due to the unique requirements of each test technique. The antibacterial test result may be influenced, in particular, by the distinct modes of action of leaching and non‐leaching compounds. Using antibacterial materials prepared by the dispersion of an amphiphilic cationic synthetic copolymer in a polyurethane matrix, the influence of the reaction medium and the contact time on the results obtained by two well‐established tests: ISO 22196 and CERTIKA is investigated. This shows that the kinetics of killing is bacteria dependent and depending on the test conditions (concentration of salt, time of contact, or media), contradictory results could be obtained. Moreover, the influence of the ionic strength (called salt effect) in both free solution and antibacterial surface is highlighted.
Sohlh2 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via TGM2‐Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Liu Xuyue , Zhang Ruihong , Liu Lanlan , Zhi Sujuan , Feng Xiaoning , Shen Ying , Wang Liyan , Zhang Qi , Chen Yanru , Hao Jing 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLiver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for 85% of liver cancer‐related deaths. Autophagy controls HCC cell growth, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and stemness. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor 2 (Sohlh2) can bind to the E‐boxes in the promoter regions of target genes, which are involved in multiple neoplasms. In this study, Sohlh2 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and was related to poor prognosis. Moreover, Sohlh2 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells in vivo and in vitro. However, Sohlh2 silencing inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, Sohlh2 could bind to the promoter of TGM2 and enhance its transcriptional activity, thereby enhancing the autophagy of HCC cells. Furthermore, Sohlh2 protein levels were positively associated with TGM2 expression in HCC tissues. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Sohlh2 can promote HCC progression via TGM2‐mediated autophagy, implying that Sohlh2 is a promising candidate for HCC treatment.
Tremor Ataxia With Central Hypomyelation Phenotype Related to a Recurrent POLR3A Mutation in Six Unrelated Tunisian Families
Authors: Kraoua Ichraf , Jamoussi Maha , Drissi Cyrine , Kraoua Lilia , Drunat Séverine , Benrhouma Hanene , Ben Younes Thouraya , Nagi Sonia , Abdelhak Sonia , Boespflug Tanguy Odile , Youssef‐Turki Ilhem Ben , Trabelsi Mediha , Dorboz Imen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPOLIII‐related leukodystrophies are a group of recently recognized hereditary white matter diseases with a similar clinical and radiological phenotype. No Tunisian studies have been published about POLIII‐related leukodystrophy due to POLR3A variants. The aim of this study was to contribute to the clinical, radiological, and genetic characterization of POLR3A‐related leukodystrophy in a Tunisian cohort.MethodsWe report six cases of genetically confirmed POLR3A‐related leukodystrophy belonging to six unrelated Tunisian families, along with a review of previously published pediatric cases.ResultsAll patients were born to consanguineous marriages and originated from the North or the Center of Tunisia. Age at onset varied between 15 months and 6 years.The clinical phenotype was similar in all patients with cerebellar ataxia, tremor, and nystagmus being the key features. Brain imaging showed diffuse hypomyelination in all patients with progressive cerebellar atrophy in three patients.Molecular analysis identified the same bi‐allelic NM_007055.4:c.2011T>C; p.(Trp671Arg) variant in the POLR3A gene in all patients.ConclusionWe hypothesize a founder effect for the identified variant given its recurrence in six unrelated individuals with a similar clinical phenotype. Given the apparent genetic homogeneity of Tunisian POLR3A patients, the recurrent variant should be directly targeted. This should facilitate diagnosis in index patients, and genetic counseling.
A Systematic Review Exploring Empirical Pharmacogenomics Research Within Global Indigenous Populations
Authors: Nasir Bushra Farah , Vinayagam Ritwika , Massi Luciana , Nagaraj Shivashankar H. , Toombs Maree , Rae Kym M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis systematic review aims to highlight the scope of pharmacogenomics research within global Indigenous populations. This review also explores the barriers and facilitators of pharmacogenomics research within this population.MethodologyA systematic review of literature was conducted to identify and present an understanding of current empirical evidence demonstrating the conduct of genomics or pharmacogenomics research within global Indigenous populations (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021257226). Using key search terms, relevant databases were searched for articles published between January 2010 and July 2022. Screening, data extraction, and analysis was conducted using well‐defined inclusion criteria. Quality assessment and risk of bias appraisal was conducted using the mixed methods appraisal tool. Indigenous community engagement and participation in genomics research was assessed using the social‐ecological framework.ResultsFrom the 427 articles identified, 77 articles met inclusion criteria and underwent full‐text screening. Of these, 30 articles were included in the final review, with 16 being quantitative and 14 either qualitative or mixed methods studies. Most studies were conducted with native Indigenous populations from the United States of America (36%). Content analysis revealed that studies either explored genetic variations associated with disease in Indigenous populations (23%) or markers for drug metabolism (30%) or were designed to understand perspectives of genomics research within this population (47%). Perspectives included the exploration of the role of participants in research, benefits or outcomes achieved from participation in genomics research, and levels of Indigenous engagement and participation in genomics research.ConclusionsThis review highlights a growing gap in Indigenous genomics research globally. It presents several important considerations from Indigenous participants, identifying how researchers can co‐create culturally safe and inclusive design, implementation, analysis, and subsequent outcomes of genomics research involving Indigenous people. Indigenous governance, self‐determination and leadership is essential, with researchers required to be responsive to such fundamental partnerships for research to progress.
The Effect of Leg Dominance in Patients on Perforator‐Based Flaps Elevated From the Lower Extremities
Authors: Aksöyler Dicle , Yalçin Yiğit , Durak Görkem , Çakir Mehmet Semih , Losco Luigi , Kozanoğlu Erol 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe lower extremities are the largest donor sites in the body for perforator flap reconstruction. Multislice row computed tomography angiography allows for a multiplanar assessment of perforators using a large number of three‐dimensional images with high resolution. In this study, the effect of leg dominance on perforator flap donor site preference was investigated radiologically to increase preoperative perforator mapping precision and surgical success.Patients and MethodsThe study included 40 patients. Superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap, inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP) flap, superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap, anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap, medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap, peroneal artery perforator (PP) flap, and posterior tibial artery perforator (PTAP) flap were analyzed according to their number of perforators (> 0.8‐mm perforators counted, number of larger perforators [nLP]), dominant perforator diameter (DPD), related muscle thickness (RMT), and related subcutaneous tissue thickness (RSTT) in each leg.ResultsOf these 40 patients, 35 (87.5%) were right‐leg dominant and 5 (12.5%) were left‐leg dominant. The dominant leg had higher DPD for MSAP, PTAP, and PP than the nondominant leg (p = 0.08, p = 0.06, and p = 0.06, respectively). The dominant leg had a significantly higher nLP (> 0.8 mm) in MSAP, PTAP, and PP flaps than the nondominant leg (p < 0.05). Except for the PAP flap (adductor magnus muscle; p > 0.05), RMT of all other perforator flaps (SGAP, IGAP, ALT, MSAP, PTAP, and PP) was statistically higher in the dominant leg (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in RSTT between any of the two groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionAccording to findings, the dominant leg could be considered a donor site preference to improve surgical outcomes and reduce microsurgical complications due to an increased nLP, perforator diameter, and RMT.
Analytical Solutions for Axisymmetric Diffusion of Organic Pollutants in a Circular‐Shaped Cutoff Wall System
Authors: Jiang Wenhao , Ge Shangqi , Li Jiangshan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThrough the variable substitution and separated variable methods, this study develops a two‐dimensional (2‐D) axisymmetric diffusion analytical solution for organic pollutants in a circular‐shaped cutoff wall (CCW) system for the first time, which can more precisely and reasonably simulate the diffusion behaviors in “circular‐shaped” vertical barriers. Then, the proposed analytical solution's reasonableness is verified by comparing it with an existing analytical solution and a corresponding finite‐difference solution. Meanwhile, the comparison suggests that this solution will degrade to a 2‐D diffusion analytical solution when the pollution source radius is large enough. Furthermore, the presented analytical solution can also be simplified to a one‐dimensional axisymmetric diffusion analytical solution, or to the axisymmetric diffusion analytical solutions in a single‐layered medium. These exact analytical solutions can not only be applied to study axisymmetric diffusion behaviors under specific scenarios, but also be used to validate other complex numerical models. Last, a case study is conducted to investigate the impacts of pollution source concentration distribution, CCW horizontal thickness, and defined equivalent diffusion coefficient on the barrier performance. Overall, the proposed analytical solutions and obtained diffusion laws in this study can provide guidance for the service effect assessment and the engineering design of cutoff walls.
Cover Image, Volume 33, Issue 8
Authors: Wang Tiansheng , Ji Dongze , Stürmer Til , Ismail Sherin , Dong Shujie , Shen Peng , Lin Hongbo , Shi Luwen , Guan Xiaodong , Xu Yang 
Published: October 2024

The cover image is based on the article The Effect of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors on Hemoglobin A1c Variability and Acute Kidney Injury: A Causal Mediation Analysis by Tiansheng Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.5876. image
Encapsulation of Liquids via Polymer Precipitation in Emulsions
Authors: Cruz‐Barrios Eliandreina , Lak Sarah N. , Taylor Cameron , Pentzer Emily B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMicroencapsulation strategies enable the confinement of sensitive active materials in a protective shell, giving capsules with applications across pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, agriculture, textiles, cosmetics, and energy storage. Among the different approaches, the soft template encapsulation method is a widely used technique that leverages emulsions as templates and forms spherical microcapsules with a liquid core and polymeric shell. Within the emulsion template umbrella, interfacial polymerization, phase internal phase separation, and polymer precipitation can all be used. The main limitation of interfacial polymerization is that the core will inevitably contain impurities such as residual monomers, which can affect the performance of the encapsulated material. This is especially relevant when performance efficiency strongly depends on its pristine composition. In this perspective, we focus on polymer precipitation soft‐template strategies for capsule formation, and the complementarity of this approach to the more widely used interfacial polymerization. Polymer precipitation strategies enable the encapsulation of sensitive cores (or payloads) and can include those that are viscous, hygroscopic, and reactive.
Metal Hydride Storage Systems: Approaches to Improve Their Performances
Authors: Liu Wei , Tupe Joseph Almar , Aguey‐Zinsou Kondo‐Francois 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal hydrides provide a safe and efficient way to store hydrogen. However, current metal hydride storage systems, i.e., hydrides incorporated within a storage tank, are far from efficient. Depending on the design, (dis)charging rates may be very long. However, this can be significantly improved by implementing strategies tackling the issue of heat management at the level of: i) the metal hydride bed, and ii) the overall storage system design. This review summarises recent progress in tackling heat management of hydride systems. In this respect, modeling has emerged as a powerful tool. In particular, simulation results show that the compaction of hydride powders with binders and the use of metal foams are both effective in lifting the poor thermal conductivity of hydride beds. For tank designs, cylindrical shapes remain the preferred choice because of the flexibility and ease of supplementing heat management with fins and tubular heat exchangers. The addition of phase change materials to the hydride tank can lead to further heat storage, but any add‐on to simple hydride tanks can only lead to cumbersome systems. It is still a fine art to tune the thermal conductivity of hydride beds while selecting a suitable metal hydride alloy composition.
Treatment of OSA beyond adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Reiter Joel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common syndrome in children. While an adenotonsillectomy is effective for most, it may not be the treatment of choice for all, and possible alternative treatment options are briefly discussed herein. In obese children, in whom OSA is more prevalent, and has high rates of persistence after surgery, weight loss interventions may be recommended. Anti‐inflammatory therapies, such as nasal steroids and montelukast, reduce the size of the adenoids and tonsils and are considered part of the stepwise treatment approach. Functional orthodontic therapies may improve OSA as well as orthopedic interventions in children in whom orthodontic indications exist. Positive airway pressure and high flow nasal cannula, stent the airway open and alleviate the obstruction, but adherence may be challenging. Tongue surgery, as well as several additional interventions are further discussed. In conclusion, multiple therapeutic options are available for pediatric OSA. Further studies are required to better identify the children most likely to benefit from these therapies.
The Construction and Mechanism Study of High‐Speed Carrier Transport Channel in Gallium Arsenide Homojunction Toward High‐Performance Photoelectrochemical Photodetector
Authors: Chen Hedong , Liu Lin , Gu Yuehao , Cai Zhiyuan , Xu Fan , Liang Wenhao , Hou Xianhua , Chen Fuming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe energy band structure and surface/interface properties are prerequisite for not only preserving the intrinsic material quality but also manipulating carrier transport behavior for photoelectrochemical (PEC) photodetection. How to precisely design/regulate the band structure and surface/interface properties of semiconductor materials is the key to improving the performance of PEC photodetection. Herein, the quintuple heterotypic homojunction (QH) GaAs film is fabricated with a gradient energy band via plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy for constructing a high‐speed carrier transport channel in PEC photodetection, which can efficiently drive the separation and transport of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. The designed QH‐GaAs‐based PEC photodetector exhibits excellent performances, compared with bare i‐GaAs, delivering an ultrashort rise/decay times of only 1.1/1.1 ms and a high responsivity of 20.4 mA W−1 at 0 V under 850 nm illumination. Strikingly, an ultrahigh detectivity with 1.46 × 1012 Jones is achieved. More importantly, the QH‐GaAs device can stably operate underwater seawater environment. This study provides a novel strategy for designing and fabricating multiple heterotypic homojunction with gradient energy band to boost charge transport dynamics for PEC fields.
MIL‐125‐PDI/ZnIn2S4 Inorganic–Organic S‐Scheme Heterojunction With Hierarchical Hollow Nanodisc Structure for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Antibiotic Wastewater Remediation
Authors: Yu Weili , Fang Ningjie , Liu Zhaobing , Chu Yinghao , Lai Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEfficient photocatalytic production of H2 from wastewater is expected to address environmental pollution and energy crises effectively. However, the rapid recombination of photoinduced carriers results in low photoconversion efficiency. At present, inorganic–organic S‐scheme heterojunction have become a prominent and promising technology. In this study, an organic ligand modified MIL‐125‐PDI/ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) inorganic–organic S‐scheme heterojunction catalyst is designed. ZIS nanosheets are grown on the disc‐shaped MIL‐125‐PDI surface to form a distinctive hollow nanodiscs with hierarchical structure, giving the material an abundance of surface active sites, an optimized electronic structure, and a spatially separated redox surface. Consequently, the optimal 100MIL‐125‐PDI250/ZIS exhibited high photocatalytic HER of 508.99 µmol g−1 h−1 in Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC‐HCl) solution. Meanwhile, the catalyst achieved complete TC‐HCl removal and mineralization rate of 66.62% in 4 h. Experimental and theoretical calculations corroborate that the staggered band alignment and work function difference between MIL‐125‐PDI and ZIS induce the formation of a built‐in electric field, thus regulating the charge transfer routes and consequently enhancing charge separation efficiency. The possible photocatalytic mechanism is analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), and the toxicities of the degradation products are also evaluated. This work presents a green dual‐function strategy for H2 production and antibiotic wastewater recycling.
Data informed performance assessment and structural health monitoring for existing and historical concrete structures
Authors: Strauss A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOur generation inherits this cultural heritage of historic material and historic reinforced concrete structures and thus bears a certain responsibility to preserve these historic buildings with the help of the new technologies of lifetime management, conservation concepts and the new digitalization as well as the emerging safety concepts of our time. The aim of this article is to analyze the new technologies of data‐based service life management in relation to the assessment of historic reinforced concrete structures and to test the applicability of these methods to these historic buildings.