bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Psychological Intervention: A Study of Long-Term-injured Competitive Athletes
Authors: Johnson Urban 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of psychological interventions for a sample of competitive athletes with long-term injuries.Design:Modified 2-group, pretreatment and posttreatment (repeated measure).Patients:58 patients, 14 in the experimental group and 44 in the control group.Interventions:Three intervention strategies: stress management and cognitive control, goal-setting skills, and relaxation/guided imagery.Main Outcome Measure:Mood level was used as the outcome variable.Results:The experimental group had a higher overall mood level at the midpoint and end of rehabilitation and were also feeling more ready for competition than the control group was, both as rated by themselves and by the treating physiotherapist The only strategy to show statistical differences was relaxation/guided imagery.Conclusions:The results of this study support the idea that a short-term intervention has the potential to elevate mood levels in competitive athletes with long-term injuries.
The Female Physique: Motives Guiding Self-Evaluation
Authors: Strache Carolyn Vos , Strong Alana , Peterson Cheree 
Published: August 2016

The omnipresent physical self remains for young adult females a significant measure of self-worth. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that coping strategies are as complex as they are pervasive as young women strive to maintain positive psychological outlooks despite negatively-perceived physical attributes. Self-presentational concerns may affect one’s activity choice.This study expands on the work of Taylor, Neter, and Wayment (1995) to determine which motives guide the self-evaluation processes of the physical self. An examination of structured interviews identifies which motives direct women in the self-evaluation of their bodies, and concurrently examines whether different motives determine individual response when appraising a “good” versus “not good” physical aspect. Motives, as defined by Taylor et al. (1995), were self-enhancement, self-verification, self-improvement and self-assessment. Interviews were conducted with 30 female, Southern California, undergraduate college students from Southern California, ranging in age from 19-22.A chi-square analysis revealed that women employed different motives in “good” versus “not good” body aspect comparisons (Enhancement: X2 = 21.78 p< .01; Verification: X2 = 10.05 p< .01; Improvement: X2 = 5.15 p< .05). When describing a “good” aspect, women employed the enhancement motive 92 percent of the time, verification 80 percent of the time, and improvement 15 percent of the time. For “not good” aspects, women used enhancement motive 53 percent of the time, verification 98 percent of the time, and improvement 33 percent of the time. Women used more than one motive 74 percent of the time and single motives only 26 percent of the time in the evaluation process. Direct quotes reveal that almost all the women sought out information about themselves when they thought it would reflect favorably. However, when they reported on a “not good” aspect, coping mechanisms included redirecting their attention to more positive characteristics or mentally cordoning off an area of weakness to prevent that attribute from permeating all aspects of their identity. Understanding how we think in the self-evaluation process may offer an explanation why some people are motivated to exercise and why others are not.
Who’s on First and What’s on Second?: Assessing Interest Group Strategies on Title IX
Authors: Rosenthal Cindy Simon , Morris Lynsey , Martinez Jamie 
Published: August 2016

The 30th anniversary of the landmark legislation known as Title IX witnessed a year-long public policy drama over whether the law should be amended in some fashion. The saga reveals much about the political strategies of interest groups engaged in gender policymaking in the 21st century and tests conventional wisdom about policy windows (Kingdon, 1994) and agenda access (Cobb and Ross, 1997). In June 2002, U.S. Secretary of Education Rod Paige appointed a blue ribbon commission to examine ways of strengthening enforcement and expanding opportunities for all college athletes under Title IX. Over the next 12 months, the commission held public hearings and forwarded numerous recommendations for change to the Secretary, but subsequently the Department of Education elected to take no action.As David Rochefort and Roger Cobb point out, “If policymaking is a struggle over alternative realities, then language is the medium that reflects, advances, and interprets these alternatives” (1994, p. 9). This case explores the overarching strategic goals, membership mobilization efforts, and media strategies of “initiators” and “opponents” (Cobb & Ross, 1994). We juxtapose these strategies against the unfolding media coverage (an analysis of 297 major newspaper stories in 13 major print outlets) and testimony by 225 individuals before the commission.While revealing the dynamics of problem, policy and political streams (Kingdon, 1994) and strategies of agenda denial (Cobb & Ross, 1994), the case also exposes important paradoxes that may be explained by gender.
The Socioeconomic Profile of the Greek Women’s National Volleyball Team
Authors: Papadopoulou S. D. , Papadopoulou S. K. , Lailoglou A. , Fachantidou A. 
Published: August 2016

Top performance in volleyball comes as a result of specific physiological, kinesiological, psychological, and environmental influences of both natural and social surroundings. The purpose of this study was to examine the social and economic features of the Greek women’s national volleyball team, in order to identify which of the above factors distinguish and promote top female athletes.The study sample involved 18 female volleyball athletes, who were active members of the national team for on average 4.7±2.6 years. The athletes’ mean age was 23.4±3.1 years, athletic age 10.6±3.2 years, and training age 11.4±2.4 years. The study was conducted by using a special questionnaire about the athletes’ socio-economic features. Specifically, the athletes’ family and social environment, the impact of their family and social environment, and their profession and financial staus were recorded and assessed. The frequency analysis showed that in the female athletes’ families, boys never outnumbered girls and they were mainly second-born children. Their family environment loved or had a special connection with sports and showed total support towards their involvement in sports. Also, they were salaried and basically dealt with sports as their sole occupation. In conclusion, the sociological approach of the top Greek women volleyball athletes forms an original sociolcultural database, which could provide useful information concerning the specific population groups that might bring forward female athletes with high potential.
Chinese Women and Sport Success, Sexuality, Suspicion
Authors: Riordan James 
Published: August 2016

Never have women athletes made such rapid progress in a wide range of events in such a short time — some two or three years — or improved world records by such remarkable margins. The reasons for the progress of Chinese women athletes are examined in this article. One of the reasons is an absence in China of a number of deep-seated prejudices in regard to sexuality that have been common in western historical develoment — prejudices centred on the notion that sport was a ‘male preserve’.The major factors that have facilitated Chinese women’s progress in sport have to be sought in various elements intrinsic to Chinese society and shaped by historically-conditioned attitudes to sport and women that differ markedly from those that have formed the dominant values of sport in western society, at least since the time of Ancient Greece.Insosfar as world-wide women’s sporting attainments are reflecting, reinforcing and sometimes even precipitating processes of social change in the role and status of women, the Chinese women’s example offers exciting prospects for the future of women in all societies, particularly the modernising communities of Asia and Africa.
Principal components analysis to identify influences on research communication and engagement during an environmental disaster
Authors: Winters Charlene A , Moore Colleen F , Kuntz Sandra W , Weinert Clarann , Hernandez Tanis , Black Brad 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo discern community attitudes towards research engagement in Libby, Montana, the only Superfund site for which a public health emergency has been declared.Study designSurvey study of convenience samples of residents near the Libby, Montana Superfund site.ParticipantsResidents of the Libby, Montana area were recruited from a local retail establishment (N=120, survey 1) or a community event (N=127, survey 2).MeasuresTwo surveys were developed in consultation with a Community Advisory Panel.ResultsPrincipal components of survey 1 showed four dimensions of community members' attitudes towards research engagement: (1) researcher communication and contributions to the community, (2) identity and affiliation of the researchers requesting participation, (3) potential personal barriers, including data confidentiality, painful or invasive procedures and effects on health insurance and (4) research benefits for the community, oneself or family. The score on the first factor was positively related to desire to participate in research (r=0.31, p=0.01). Scores on factors 2 and 3 were higher for those with diagnosis of asbestos-related disease (ARD) in the family (Cohen's d=0.41, 0.57). Survey 2 also found more positive attitudes towards research when a family member had ARD (Cohen's d=0.48).ConclusionsPrincipal components analysis shows different dimensions of attitudes towards research engagement. The different dimensions are related to community members' desire to be invited to participate in research, awareness of past research in the community and having been screened or diagnosed with a health condition related to the Superfund contaminant.
Yield of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis: impact of operator and cytopathologist experience
Authors: Navasakulpong Asma , Auger Manon , Gonzalez Anne V 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundStudies have reported a high diagnostic yield of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. We sought to review the yield of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis at our institution over time, and examine factors that may influence this yield.MethodsPatients who underwent EBUS-TBNA for suspected sarcoidosis between December 2008 and November 2011 were identified. EBUS was performed without rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of samples. The final diagnosis was based on the results of all invasive diagnostic procedures and/or clinical follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of various factors on yield.Results43 patients underwent 45 EBUS-TBNA procedures for suspected sarcoidosis. A total of 115 lymph nodes were sampled. The 21 G needle was used in 51% of procedures. The mean number of lymph node stations sampled was 2.6 (SD 0.7) and the mean number of needle passes per procedure was 7.8 (SD 2.0). Non-necrotising granulomatous inflammation was detected in EBUS-TBNA samples from 34/45 (76%) procedures. The overall diagnostic yield increased to 36/45 (80%) following a cytopathology review for this study. Needle gauge, number of lymph node stations sampled and number of needle passes were not associated with diagnostic yield. The yield of EBUS-TBNA increased significantly after the first 15 procedures performed for suspected sarcoidosis; the 2 additional cases diagnosed after the cytopathology review were part of this early experience.ConclusionsEBUS-TBNA is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis when performed without ROSE. The yield of the procedure improved significantly over time, based on operator and cytopathologist experience.
Prospective 12-month functional and vocational outcomes of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement as part of an evidence-based hip pain rehabilitation pathway in an active military population
Authors: Bennett A N , Nixon J , Roberts A , Barker-Davies R , Villar R , Houghton J M 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundFemoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is common with an estimated prevalence of 10–15% among young active individuals. The natural history of the disorder is progression to early osteoarthritis. Hip arthroscopy is recommended if conservative treatments fail; however, outcomes are unclear, particularly in highly active populations.AimTo evaluate the functional and vocational outcome of hip arthroscopy, as part of an evidence-based rehabilitation hip pain pathway, for the treatment of FAI in an active military population.MethodsAll patients in the defence rehabilitation hip pain pathway, with a confirmed diagnosis of FAI who failed conservative treatment, were assessed prior to surgery and at 2, 6 and 12 months postsurgery. Outcome measures included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for hip pain, Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) for function, and vocational assessments including functional activity assessment (FAA) and Joint Medical Employment Standard for military employability and deployability.Results101 patients completed the study (mean age=33 years) (male:female:75:26) (Royal Navy/British Army/Royal Air Force: 13%/48%/39%). Outcomes demonstrated significant improvements with large effect size. Preoperative NAHS mean=62.9 (SD 16.4), 12-month postoperative NAHS mean=78.8 (18.3), mean improvement in NAHS=15.9 (95% CI 12.3 to 19.5, p<0.001). Preoperative VAS pain mean=51.3 (20.9), 12-month postoperative VAS pain=25.6 (24.5). Mean improvement 25.7 (95% CI 19.4 to 31.99, p<0.001). 73% of patients had a deployable medical category at 12 months postoperative.ConclusionsThese data confirm that hip arthroscopy as part of a structured evidence-based multidisciplinary care pathway produces significant and continued symptomatic, functional and vocational improvements over a 12-month period in a military population exposed to high intensity, weight-bearing exercise in uncontrolled and unforgiving environments.
The Influence of Meniscal and Anterolateral Capsular Injury on Knee Laxity in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Musahl Volker , Rahnemai-Azar Ata A. , Costello Joanna , Arner Justin W. , Fu Freddie H. , Hoshino Yuichi , Lopomo Nicola , Samuelsson Kristian , Irrgang James J. 
Published: August 2016

Background: The role of the anterolateral capsule (ALC) as a secondary restraint to quantitative rotatory laxity of patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is currently debated. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine the influence of concomitant ALC injuries as well as injuries to other soft tissue structures on rotatory knee laxity in patients with an ACL injury. It was hypothesized that a concomitant ALC injury would be associated with increased rotatory knee laxity as measured during a quantitative pivot-shift test. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Forty-one patients with an ACL injury (average age, 23 ± 6.9 years) were enrolled. Two blinded musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for the presence of ACL injuries and concomitant soft tissue injuries including the ALC, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, posterolateral corner, medial meniscus, and lateral meniscus. A standardized pivot-shift test was performed under anesthesia, and rotatory laxity was quantified according to anterior translation of the lateral tibial compartment during the pivot-shift maneuver. The Student t test was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results: A complete ACL rupture was confirmed in all of the patients. MRI evidence of an ALC injury was observed in 21 (51%) of the patients. Patients with MRI evidence of an ALC injury had significantly higher rotatory knee laxity (3.6 ± 1.5 mm) compared with those without an ALC injury (2.7 ± 1.5 mm; P = .04). Lateral and medial meniscus injuries were detected in 17 (41%) and 19 (46%) patients, respectively. Patients with MRI evidence of either a medial meniscus injury or lateral meniscus injury had significantly higher rotatory knee laxity compared with patients without these injuries (medial meniscus: 3.7 ± 1.4 mm vs 2.7 ± 1.6 mm, respectively; lateral meniscus: 3.7 ± 1.7 mm vs 2.7 ± 1.3 mm, respectively) ( P = .03 for both). Conclusion: MRI evidence of a concomitant injury to the ALC, medial meniscus, or lateral meniscus is associated with increased knee rotatory laxity in patients with an ACL injury. These structures may function as important secondary stabilizers in an ACL-injured knee. Careful assessment and proper treatment of injuries to these secondary stabilizers should be considered, especially in knees with a high level of the pivot shift.
Quit rates at 6 months in a pharmacist-led smoking cessation service in Malaysia
Authors: Fai Sui Chee , Yen Gan Kim , Malik Nurdiyana 
Published: August 2016

Background: Smoking cessation clinics have been established in Malaysia since 2004, but wide variations in success rates have been observed. This study aimed to evaluate the proposed pharmacist-led Integrated Quit Smoking Service (IQSS) in Sabah, Malaysia, and identify factors associated with successful smoking cessation. Methods: Data from 176 participants were collected from one of the quit-smoking centres in Sabah, Malaysia. Pharmacists, doctors and nurses were involved throughout the study. Any health care provider can refer patients for smoking cessation, and free pharmacotherapy and counselling was provided during the cessation period for up to 3 months. Information on demographic characteristics, smoking behaviours, follow-up and pharmacotherapy were collected. The main outcome measure was the abstinence from smoking, which was verified through carbon monoxide in expired air during the 6-month follow-up. Results: A 42.6% success rate was achieved in IQSS. Smoking behaviour such as lower cigarette intake and lower Fagerström score were identified as factors associated with success. On top of that, a longer duration of follow-up and more frequent visits were significantly associated with success in quitting smoking. Conclusion: Collaboration among health care practitioners should be the main focus, and we need a combination of proven effective modalities in order to create an ideal smoking cessation module.
Control of GVHD by regulatory T cells depends on TNF produced by T cells and TNFR2 expressed by regulatory T cells
Authors: Leclerc Mathieu , Naserian Sina , Pilon Caroline , Thiolat Allan , Martin Gaëlle H. , Pouchy Charlotte , Dominique Claude , Belkacemi Yazid , Charlotte Frédéric , Maury Sébastien , Salomon Benoit L. , Cohen José L. 
Published: August 2016

Key Points
In vivo Treg effect depends on TNFα produced by T cells. TNF/TNFR2 interaction represents a novel immune checkpoint therapy to modulate alloreactivity after allo-HCT.
Intellectual Outcome in Molecular Subgroups of Medulloblastoma
Authors: Moxon-Emre Iska , Taylor Michael D. , Bouffet Eric , Hardy Kristina , Campen Cynthia J. , Malkin David , Hawkins Cynthia , Laperriere Normand , Ramaswamy Vijay , Bartels Ute , Scantlebury Nadia , Janzen Laura , Law Nicole , Walsh Karin S. , Mabbott Donald J. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose To evaluate intellectual functioning and the implications of limiting radiation exposure in the four biologically distinct subgroups of medulloblastoma: wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4. Patients and Methods A total of 121 patients with medulloblastoma (n = 51, Group 4; n = 25, Group 3; n = 28, SHH; and n = 17, WNT), who were treated between 1991 and 2013 at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), Children’s National Health System (Washington, DC), or the Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital (Palo Alto, CA), had intellectual assessments. First, we compared intellectual trajectories between subgroups. Next, we evaluated the effect of treatment with reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation (CSI) plus a tumor bed boost versus treatments that deliver higher CSI doses and/or larger boost volumes to the brain (all other treatments) within subgroups. Linear mixed modeling was used to determine the stability or change in intelligence scores over time. Results Intellectual outcomes declined comparably in each subgroup except for processing speed; SHH declined less than Group 3 ( P = .04). SHH had the lowest incidence of cerebellar mutism and motor deficits. Treatment with reduced-dose CSI plus a tumor bed boost was associated with preserved intellectual functioning in WNT and Group 4 patients considered together (ie, subgroups containing patients who are candidates for therapy de-escalation), and not in Group 3 or SHH. Across all subgroups, patients in the all other treatments group declined over time (all P < .05). Conclusion SHH patients appear to have the most distinct functional (ie, motor deficits and mutism) outcomes and a unique processing speed trajectory. Only WNT and Group 4 patients seem to benefit from limiting radiation exposure. Our findings highlight the value of conducting subgroup-specific analyses, and can be used to inform novel biologically based treatment protocols for patients with medulloblastoma.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Gefitinib With and Without Pemetrexed as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Activating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations
Authors: Cheng Ying , Murakami Haruyasu , Yang Pan-Chyr , He Jianxing , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Kang Jin Hyoung , Kim Joo-Hang , Wang Xin , Enatsu Sotaro , Puri Tarun , Orlando Mauro , Yang James Chih-Hsin 
Published: August 2016

Purpose To determine whether the addition of pemetrexed to gefitinib (P+G) provides clinical benefit, compared with gefitinib monotherapy, in patients with advanced nonsquamous (NS) non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Patients and Methods Chemotherapy-naïve for advanced NSCLC patients from China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan (35 sites) with advanced, EGFR-mutant, NS NSCLC were randomly assigned (2:1; computer-generated, interactive voice response) to open-label pemetrexed (500 mg/m2 on day 1 of every 21-day cycle) plus gefitinib (250 mg/d [n = 129]) or gefitinib alone (n = 66). The primary end point was progression-free-survival (PFS); secondary end points were time to progressive disease, overall survival, tumor response rates, duration of response, and safety. All end points were assessed in the intent-to-treat and safety population (P+G, n = 126; gefitinib alone, n = 65). Results PFS was significantly longer with P+G (median, 15.8 months; 95% CI, 12.6 to 18.3 months) than with gefitinib (median, 10.9 months; 95% CI, 9.7 to 13.8 months; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96; one-sided P = .014; two-sided P = .029). Results of EGFR exon 19 deletion and EGFR exon 21 L858R point mutation subgroup analyses were consistent with the intent-to-treat result. P+G, compared with gefitinib alone, resulted in significantly longer time to progressive disease (median, 16.2 v 10.9 months, respectively; HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.93) and numerically longer duration of response (median, 15.4 v 11.3 months, respectively; HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.08). Tumor response rates did not differ. Overall survival data are immature. Drug-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were more common with P+G, but toxicities were manageable. Conclusion P+G improved PFS compared with gefitinib alone in East Asian patients with advanced NS NSCLC and activating EGFR mutations. This combination may offer EGFR mutation–positive patients new treatment options and improved clinical outcomes compared with the current standard of care.