bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doing democracy through simulation, deliberation, and inquiry with elementary students
Authors: Payne Katherina Ann , Hoffman James V. , DeJulio Samuel 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Democracy is learned through doing, not telling. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings from an action research project where a group of fourth-grade students participated in a simulation that explored the possibilities and the constraints of acting democratically, while faced with the dilemmas of environmental disaster and establishing a new society.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors studied how participating students engaged in deliberations and self-directed inquiry. The authors focused the data collection on the responses of students to the challenges presented in the simulation.

Findings
Based on the analysis of student work during the simulation and reflection on the simulation after the project, the authors documented the ways in which students critiqued authority or expressed their distrust in it, engaged in difficult deliberations around controversial issues, and developed expanded agency through inquiry-based learning.

Originality/value
This paper presented a model of inquiry learning that can be critical, i.e. examining issues of power and justice, while engaging in deliberation via a simulation that integrated social studies and English language arts. Creating space for young students to deliberate issues, steeped in values, and ethics, allows them to recognize the inherent tension and dissension necessary to a healthy democracy.
Single‐visit dynamic occupancy models: an approach to account for imperfect detection with Atlas data
Authors: Peach Michelle A. , Cohen Jonathan B. , Frair Jacqueline L. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Atlas data provide biodiversity information at a relatively fine spatial grain over a broad spatial extent and, increasingly, at multiple points in time, which make them invaluable for understanding processes that affect species distributions over time. The effect of survey effort on species detection has long been appreciated and Atlases typically include survey standards and records of effort, but challenges remain in analysing Atlas data that have not been collected using a repeated sampling protocol designed to correct for imperfect detection.

We developed a single‐visit dynamic occupancy model to quantify the effects of climatic and land‐use drivers on local species extinction and colonization while accounting for imperfect detection using repeat Atlas data. We evaluated model stability using data simulated under alternative scenarios and, ultimately, applied the model to empirical data for Canada warbler Cardellina canadensis, a wide‐spread species exhibiting a long‐term population decline.

At sample sizes that are realistic for many Atlases (n = 1000–10 000 independent survey blocks), our models produced unbiased estimates of detection, occupancy, colonization and extinction parameters. Slope estimates for explanatory covariates were somewhat less stable than overall occupancy, colonization and extinction rates, with covariate effects being sensitive to the total number of, and relationships among, explanatory variables.

In comparison to other analyses of Canada warbler distributions that indicated minor changes over time, our approach identified a widespread decline in occupancy probability across New York, consistent with the broader population trend, particularly in the areas where it was initially more likely to occur.

Synthesis and applications. A single‐visit dynamic occupancy model is a novel method for analysing common, ecologically valuable datasets, such as Atlases, that lack repeated sampling necessary to correct for imperfect detection using alternative multi‐season occupancy modelling approaches. As a result, using this method can improve understanding of species distributions and factors that shape them over time, thereby providing more accurate information to guide conservation and management.
Complications of pregnancy and labour in women with Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome: a nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Horbach SE , Lokhorst MM , Oduber CE , Middeldorp S , van der Post JA , van der Horst CM 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate complications of pregnancy, including thromboembolism, in women with extensive vascular malformations associated with Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome (KTS).DesignNationwide cross‐sectional study.SettingTwo tertiary expert centres and the Dutch Klippel–Trénaunay patient organisation.SampleAdult women with KTS.MethodsPatients with KTS were invited to participate in a comprehensive online survey about their obstetric history. Reference data on pregnancy outcomes and complications of non‐diseased women were collected from population‐based cohorts from the literature.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of complications, specifically venous thromboembolism and postpartum haemorrhage.ResultsSixty women completed the survey. Seventeen patients did not conceive, of whom three refrained from pregnancy because of KTS. A total of 97 pregnancies and 86 deliveries were reported in 43 patients. KTS‐related symptoms were aggravated during pregnancy in 43% of patients. Deep vein thrombosis was present in 5.8% and pulmonary embolism was present in 2.3% of pregnancies, which was extremely high compared with the reference population (P < 0.0001), with a relative risk of 108.9 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 46.48–255.03) and 106.2 (95% CI 26.97–418.10), respectively. Severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) occurred in 11% of KTS pregnancies, compared with 5.8% of pregnancies in the reference population (relative risk, RR 1.81, 95% CI 0.97–3.37, P = 0.06).ConclusionsOur data suggest that women with KTS have a significant risk of venous thromboembolic events, severe postpartum haemorrhage, and aggravation of KTS symptoms during pregnancy, and in early postpartum period. Obstetricians should counsel patients about these risks in the preconception phase. Antithrombotic prophylaxis should be considered in the obstetric management of patients with KTS.Tweetable abstractHigh risk of complications during pregnancy and labour in women with Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome.
Outcome reporting across randomised controlled trials evaluating therapeutic interventions for pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Duffy JMN , Hirsch M , Kawsar A , Gale C , Pealing L , Plana MN , Showell M , Williamson PR , Khan KS , Ziebland S , McManus RJ ,   iHOPE: International Collaboration to Harmonise Outcomes in Pre‐Eclampsia
Published: April 2017

BackgroundStandardising outcome collection and reporting in pre‐eclampsia trials requires an appraisal of current outcome reporting.ObjectivesTo map maternal and offspring outcome reporting across randomised trials evaluating therapeutic interventions for pre‐eclampsia.Search strategyRandomised trials were identified by searching bibliographical databases from inception to January 2016.Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials.Data collection and analysisWe systematically extracted and categorised outcome reporting.Main resultsSeventy‐nine randomised trials, reporting data from 31 615 maternal participants and 28 172 of their offspring, were included. Fifty‐five different interventions were evaluated. Included trials reported 119 different outcomes, including 72 maternal outcomes and 47 offspring outcomes. Maternal outcomes were inconsistently reported across included trials; for example, 11 trials (14%) reported maternal mortality, reporting data from 12 422 participants, and 16 trials (20%) reported cardiovascular morbidity, reporting data from 14 963 maternal participants. Forty‐three trials (54%) reported fetal outcomes and 23 trials (29%) reported neonatal outcomes. Twenty‐eight trials (35%) reported offspring mortality. There was poor reporting of childhood outcomes: six trials (8%) reported neurodevelopmental outcomes. Less than half of included trials reported any relevant information regarding harms for maternal participants and their offspring.ConclusionsMost randomised trials evaluating interventions for pre‐eclampsia are missing information on clinically important outcomes, and in particular have neglected to evaluate efficacy and safety in the offspring of participants. Developing and implementing a minimum data set, known as a core outcome set, in future pre‐eclampsia trials could help to address these issues.Tweetable abstractFuture #preeclampsia research requires a core outcome set to reduce #research waste.@coreoutcomes@jamesmnduffyInternational Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews:CRD42015015529;www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.aspID=CRD42015015529.
Assessment of voluntary deep inspiration breath‐hold with CINE imaging for breast radiotherapy
Authors: Estoesta Reuben Patrick , Attwood Lani , Naehrig Diana , Claridge‐Mackonis Elizabeth , Odgers David , Martin Darren , Pham Melissa , Toohey Joanne , Carroll Susan 
Published: April 2017

SummaryDeep Inspiration Breath‐Hold (DIBH) techniques for breast cancer radiation therapy (RT) have reduced cardiac dose compared to Free Breathing (FB). Recently, a voluntary deep inspiration breath‐hold (vDIBH) technique was established using in‐room lasers and skin tattoos to monitor breath‐hold. An in‐house quality assessment of positional reproducibility during RT delivery with vDIBH in patients with left‐sided breast cancer was evaluated. The electronic portal imaging device (EPID) was used in cinematographic (CINE) mode to capture a sequence of images during beam delivery. Weekly CINE images were retrospectively assessed for 20 left‐sided breast cancer patients receiving RT in vDIBH, and compared with CINE images of 20 patients treated in FB. The intra‐beam motion was assessed and the distance from the beam central axis (CA) to the internal chest wall (ICW) was measured on each CINE image. These were then compared to the planned distance on digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR). The maximum intra‐beam motion for any one patient measurement was 0.30 cm for vDIBH and 0.20 cm for FB. The mean difference between the distance from the CA to ICW on DRR and the equivalent distance on CINE imaging (as treated) was 0.28 cm (SD 0.17) for vDIBH patients and 0.25 cm (SD 0.14) for FB patients (P = 0.458). The measured values were comparable for patients undergoing RT in vDIBH, and for those in FB. This quality assessment showed that using in‐room lasers and skin tattoos to independently monitor breath‐hold in vDIBH as detected by ‘on‐treatment’ CINE imaging is safe and effective.
Prospective evaluation of the diagnostic value of sensitive KIT D816V mutation analysis of blood in adults with suspected systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Kristensen T. , Vestergaard H. , Bindslev‐Jensen C. , Mortz C. G. , Kjaer H. F. , Ollert M. , Møller M. B. , Broesby‐Olsen S. ,   the Mastocytosis Centre Odense University Hospital (MastOUH)
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundSensitive KIT D816V mutation analysis of blood has been proposed to guide bone marrow (BM) investigation in suspected systemic mastocytosis (SM). The aim of this prospective study was for the first time to compare the D816V status of the “screening blood sample” used to guide BM biopsy in suspected SM to the outcome of the subsequent BM investigation.MethodsFifty‐eight adult patients with suspected SM were included. The outcome of sensitive KIT D816V analysis of blood was compared to the result of the BM investigation.ResultsScreening blood samples from 44 of 58 patients tested D816V‐positive. In 43 of these, SM was subsequently diagnosed in the BM investigation. One patient with a D816V‐positive screening sample was diagnosed with monoclonal MC activation syndrome. Screening blood samples from 14 patients tested D816V‐negative. SM was subsequently diagnosed in five of these, whereas nine patients did not fulfill any diagnostic SM criteria (excluding tryptase criterion). Of the 48 SM patients, 90% tested D816V‐positive. Thirteen SM patients presented with Hymenoptera venom‐induced anaphylaxis, no skin lesions, and baseline serum tryptase ≤20 ng/mL. Of these, 92% tested D816V‐positive in the screening blood sample.ConclusionThis prospective study demonstrates that a D816V‐positive result in a screening blood sample identifies SM among patients with hymenoptera venom‐induced anaphylaxis in whom the diagnosis would most probably have been missed, with potential severe implications. The observed false‐negative screening results also underline that BM investigation is mandatory in all adult patients with clear signs of, or highly suspected SM, regardless of the KIT mutation status.
The influence of Coriolis force driven water circulation on the palaeoenvironment of Hornsund (S Spitsbergen) over the last century
Authors: Pawłowska Joanna , Zajączkowski Marek , Szczuciński Witold , Zaborska Agata , Kucharska Małgorzata , Jernas Patrycja E. , Forwick Matthias 
Published: April 2017

The influence of the Coriolis force on the Hornsund fjord environment (southern Spitsbergen) was investigated in the marine sedimentary record from the last century. Due to the influence of the rotational effects, Atlantic and Arctic Water enter the fjord along the southern shore and exit along the northern shore. Thus, the sedimentary record from the southern part reflects the large‐scale hydrological processes associated with these oceanic water‐masses, whereas the northern portion is affected by a combination of regional and local waters (including glacial meltwater). To assess the significance of the Coriolis force driven circulation in this environment over the last century, two short sediment cores were sampled from the southern and northern parts of the fjord. The cores were dated with 210Pb and 137Cs and analysed for grain size, ice‐rafted debris, benthic foraminifera and stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C). The influence of the Coriolis force was most apparent in the benthic foraminiferal record. The foraminiferal assemblage of the southern part of the fjord is characterized by markedly higher species diversity and a high percentage of Atlantic water species compared to the northern part. This pattern probably resulted from the lower level of environmental disturbance and the constant introduction of propagules and juveniles from offshore pools. The northern part of the fjord is characterized by more unstable environmental conditions due to the variable delivery of turbid meltwater, which is reflected in the low‐diversity foraminiferal assemblage dominated by glaciomarine taxa and bottom current indicators. The influence of the Coriolis force on the sedimentary regime is less clear. As the geometry of many of the European Arctic fjords allows the rotational dynamics of water‐masses, our results may serve as a reference for further studies on the influence of the Coriolis force‐driven rotational dynamics on modern and past environments.
Functional status and amount of hip displacement independently affect acetabular dysplasia in cerebral palsy
Authors: Chung Myung Ki , Zulkarnain Arif , Lee Jae Bong , Cho Byung Chae , Chung Chin Youb , Lee Kyoung Min , Sung Ki Hyuk , Park Moon Seok 
Published: April 2017

AimAcetabular dysplasia is the one of main causes of hip displacement in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Although several studies have shown a relationship between hip displacement and acetabular dysplasia, relatively few have evaluated the association between quantitative acetabular dysplasia and related factors, such as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level.MethodWe performed a morphometric analysis of the acetabulum in patients with CP using multiplanar reformation of computed tomography data. The three directional acetabular indices (anterosuperior, superolateral, and posterosuperior) were used to evaluate acetabular dysplasia. Consequently, linear mixed‐effects models were used to adjust for related factors such as age, sex, GMFCS level, and migration percentage.ResultsA total of 176 patients (mean age 9y 5mo, range 2y 4mo–19y 6mo; 104 males, 72 females) with CP and 55 typically developing individuals (mean age 13y 6mo, range 2y 5mo–19y 10mo; 37 males, 18 females) in a comparison group were enrolled in this study. Statistical modelling showed that all three directional acetabular indices independently increased with GMFCS level (p<0.001) and migration percentage (p<0.001).InterpretationAcetabular dysplasia was independently affected by both the amount of hip displacement and the GMFCS level. Thus, physicians should consider not only the migration percentage but also three‐dimensional evaluation in patients at high GMFCS levels.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of two omeprazole formulations on stomachpHand gastric ulcer scores
Authors: Raidal S. L. , Andrews F. M. , Nielsen S. G. , Trope G. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryReasons for performing the studyLimited data are available on the relative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of different omeprazole formulations.ObjectivesTo compare pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of a novel omeprazole formulation against a currently registered product.Study designMasked 2 period, 2 treatment crossover.MethodsTwelve clinically healthy horses were studied over two 6‐day treatment periods. Horses were randomly assigned to receive a novel omeprazole paste (Ulcershield:ULS) or a currently registered reference omeprazole product (OMO). GastricpHwas measured continuously for 10 h on the day prior to commencing treatment (Day –1) and after 6 days of oral treatment (Day 5) usingin situantimonypHprobes within an indwelling nasogastric tube. Plasma pharmacokinetics were determined on Days 0 and 6.ResultsTreatment significantly (P<0.005) increased gastricpHon Day 5, compared to results obtained prior to treatment (Day –1) and there was no significant difference between products (P = 0.773). Similarly, comparison of median hourly gastricpH(P = 0.593), mean gastricpH(P = 0.154), percentage time pH<4 (P = 0.259) and area under the time–gastricpHresponse curve (P = 0.734) did not discriminate between products. Both treatments resulted in significantly lower gastric ulcer severity scores (both P = 0.004), with no difference between treatments (P = 0.688). Comparison of mean log area under time–plasma concentration curves demonstrated that, although the lower limit of the 90% confidence interval was within the −20% limit for bioequivalence, the upper limit was exceeded, suggesting that the test product could have greater bioavailability than the reference product.Main limitationsThe small sample size, large interhorse plasma omeprazole concentrations, and low bioavailability of omeprazole impacted the sensitivity of the bioequivalence analysis.ConclusionsULSmatched or slightly exceededOMOplasma concentrations. Both products resulted in equivalent increases in gastricpH, gastricpHprofiles and decrease in gastric ulcer scores. Thus,ULSwas pharmacodynamically equivalent toOMOand was associated with an equivalent beneficial effect on gastric squamous mucosal ulceration.
Direct observation of crack propagation in a liquid crystal display glass substrate during wheel scribing
Authors: Tomei Naoko , Murakami Kumiko , Fukunishi Toshio , Yoshida Satoshi , Matsuoka Jun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn‐situ observation of crack propagation in an LCD glass substrate was performed during wheel scribing. It was found that a median crack initiated just beneath the wheel and stopped once, and that the crack re‐propagated after passing through the wheel. In this study, the first pop‐in median crack is defined as the first crack, and the re‐grown median crack is defined as the second crack. From in‐situ photoelastic measurements during a static indentation of the wheel, the maximum tensile stress was observed just beneath the wheel. The tensile stress beneath the wheel was also confirmed from FE analysis. It is considered that this tensile stress is the origin of the first crack nucleation. On the other hand, from post‐observation of the cross‐section of a scribing groove after scribing, it was found that the median crack was closed in the plastic zone. It is considered that this closure results from compressive stress in the plastic zone beneath the scribing groove, and that this compressive stress causes the first crack to be arrested.
Studies on the chitin/chitosan binding properties of six cuticular proteins analogous to peritrophin 3 from Bombyx mori
Authors: Qu M. , Ren Y. , Liu Y. , Yang Q. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChitin deacetylation is required to make the cuticle rigid and compact through chitin chain crosslinking. Thus it is presumed that specialized proteins are required to bind deacetylated chitin chains together. However, deacetylated‐chitin binding proteins have not ever been reported. In a previous work, six cuticular proteins analogous to peritrophin 3 (CPAP3s) were found to be abundant in the moulting fluid of Bombyx mori. In this study, these BmCPAP3s (BmCPAP3‐A1, BmCPAP3‐A2, BmCPAP3‐B, BmCPAP3‐C, BmCPAP3‐D1 and BmCPAP3‐D2) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using metal‐chelating affinity chromatography. Their binding activities demonstrated that although all of the BmCPAP3s showed similar binding abilities toward crystalline chitin and colloidal chitin, they differed in their affinities toward partially and fully deacetylated chitin. Amongst them, BmCPAP3‐D1 exhibited the highest binding activity toward deacetylated chitin. The gene expression pattern of BmCPAP3‐D1 was similar to BmCPAP3‐A1 and BmCPAP3‐C at most stages except that it was dramatically upregulated at the beginning of the pupa to adult transition stage. This work is the first report of a chitin‐binding protein, BmCPAP3‐D1, which exhibits high binding affinity to deacetylated chitin.
Thermodynamics of copper‐manganese and copper‐iron spinel solid solutions
Authors: Sahu Sulata K. , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHigh‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry has been performed to investigate the energetics of spinel solid solutions in the Mn3O4‐CuMn2O4 and Fe3O4‐CuFe2O4 systems. The spinel solid solutions were synthesized by a ceramic route and calcined at appropriate temperatures to obtain single phase samples. The drop solution enthalpies of the solid solutions in the Mn3O4‐CuMn2O4 system are the same within experimental error as the enthalpies of drop solution of mechanical mixtures of the end‐members, indicating a zero heat of mixing, i.e., ideal mixing in terms of enthalpy. In Fe3O4‐CuFe2O4, the drop solution enthalpy of the solid solutions shows a positive deviation from those of the mechanical mixture of the end‐members, suggesting negative mixing enthalpy. The formation enthalpies of the spinel solid solutions from their constituent oxides plus oxygen and from the elements were also determined.
Characterization of Host Cell Mutants Significantly Resistant to Cryptosporidium parvum Infection
Authors: Yu Xue , Zhang Haili , Zhu Guan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCryptosporidium parvum is a parasitic protist and a causative agent of mild‐to‐severe diarrheal diseases in humans and animals. Despite its globally recognized importance, knowledge on the mechanism of parasite invasion and molecular interactions between host cells and the parasite is limited. Here, we report the establishment of 43 mutant cell lines derived from HCT‐8 cells by UV‐induced mutagenesis and the characterization of three mutants with significantly reduced susceptibility to cryptosporidial infection. Based on qRT‐PCR assay performed at 18 h postinfection time, the parasite loads could be reduced by ~45%, ~35%, and ~20% in mutants A05, B08, and B12, respectively (p < 0.001 in all three mutants vs. HCT‐8 cells). The mutagenesis mainly affected the attachment of parasite in A05 (i.e. ~30% reduction, p < 0.001 vs. HCT‐8), and intracellular development in B08 and B12. The three cell mutants may serve as valuable reagents to further investigate the mechanism of parasite invasion and intracellular development by identifying the gene mutations associated with the parasite attachment (A05) and intracellular development (B08 and B12).