bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further investigations of the W-test for pairwise epistasis testing
Authors: Howey Richard , Cordell Heather J. 
Published: July 2017

Background:In a recent paper, a novel W-test for pairwise epistasis testing was proposed that appeared, in computer simulations, to have higher power than competing alternatives. Application to genome-wide bipolar data detected significant epistasis between SNPs in genes of relevant biological function. Network analysis indicated that the implicated genes formed two separate interaction networks, each containing genes highly related to autism and neurodegenerative disorders.Methods:Here we investigate further the properties and performance of the W-test via theoretical evaluation, computer simulations and application to real data.Results:We demonstrate that, for common variants, the W-test is closely related to several existing tests of association allowing for interaction, including logistic regression on 8 degrees of freedom, although logistic regression can show inflated type I error for low minor allele frequencies, whereas the W-test shows good/conservative type I error control. Although in some situations the W-test can show higher power, logistic regression is not limited to tests on 8 degrees of freedom but can instead be tailored to impose greater structure on the assumed alternative hypothesis, offering a power advantage when the imposed structure matches the true structure.Conclusions:The W-test is a potentially useful method for testing for association - without necessarily implying interaction - between genetic variants disease, particularly when one or more of the genetic variants are rare. For common variants, the advantages of the W-test are less clear, and, indeed, there are situations where existing methods perform better. In our investigations, we further uncover a number of problems with the practical implementation and application of the W-test (to bipolar disorder) previously described, apparently due to inadequate use of standard data quality-control procedures. This observation leads us to urge caution in interpretation of the previously-presented results, most of which we consider are highly likely to be artefacts.
Carrier Portfolio Management for Shipping Seasonal Products
Authors: Lu Tao , Fransoo Jan C. , Lee Chung-Yee 
Published: July 2017

Many seasonal products are transported via ocean carriers from origin to destination markets. The shipments arriving earlier in the market may sell at higher prices, but faster shipping services can be costly. In this paper, we study a newsvendor-type shipper who transports and sells seasonal products to an overseas market, where the selling price declines over time. A set of vessels with different schedules and freight rates are available to choose from. Our analysis demonstrates that a portfolio of vessels has two distinct effects on mitigating uncertainties in both demand and vessels’ arrival schedules, while these two portfolio effects have been previously understood as separate issues in the literature. To find the optimal portfolio in our problem, we first show that when vessels arrive in a deterministic sequence, the optimal portfolio can either be derived in closed form (in the single-demand setting), or computed efficiently with a variation of the shortest-path algorithm (in the multi-demand setting). Then, based on these results, we propose an approximation procedure to address the general problem with an uncertain arrival sequence. In each iteration of the procedure, we only need to minimize a cost function approximated by a deterministic arrival schedule, and the portfolio generated can converge to the optimal one under mild conditions. Finally, we present a real-world case study to demonstrate several practical implications of managing a carrier portfolio. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1616 .
Flexible Queueing Architectures
Authors: Tsitsiklis John N. , Xu Kuang 
Published: July 2017

We study a multiserver model with n flexible servers and n queues, connected through a bipartite graph, where the level of flexibility is captured by an upper bound on the graph’s average degree, dn. Applications in content replication in data centers, skill-based routing in call centers, and flexible supply chains are among our main motivations. We focus on the scaling regime where the system size n tends to infinity, while the overall traffic intensity stays fixed. We show that a large capacity region and an asymptotically vanishing queueing delay are simultaneously achievable even under limited flexibility (dn ≪ n). Our main results demonstrate that, when dn ≫ ln n, a family of expander-graph-based flexibility architectures has a capacity region that is within a constant factor of the maximum possible, while simultaneously ensuring a diminishing queueing delay for all arrival rate vectors in the capacity region. Our analysis is centered around a new class of virtual-queue-based scheduling policies that rely on dynamically constructed job-to-server assignments on the connectivity graph. For comparison, we also analyze a natural family of modular architectures, which is simpler but has provably weaker performance. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1620 .
The association between economic development, education and FGM in six selected African countries
Authors: Rawat Ramu 
Published: July 2017

Background: The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is highly prevalent in countries in African and the Middle East and is present at all levels of society, due to beliefs that it ensures girls' purification for their marriage. Objective: To examine the effect of education and economic development on FGM by selected co-variants. Methods: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) (2010–13) data sets were used. The data used were from six selected African countries: Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone and Somalia. Findings: The prevalence of FGM was significantly higher in Somalia (98.6%), Guinea (97.8%) and Mali (92.6%) in comparison with other selected countries. The results showed that education was statistically significant (168.34; P<0.001) in changing the percentage of FGM practices in the selected countries. The economic status of women was directly associated with mutilation practices, with FGM less likely to be found among higher educated women. Conclusions: In these countries, various programmes are run by the government, which have not affected FGM practices, as community beliefs are often stronger than a government programme. It may take a long time for significant decline of FGM, but increasing women's education level may lead to an immediate reduction in prevalence.
Maternity waiting homes—a solution for Malawian mothers?
Authors: Urwin Liz 
Published: July 2017

Background: The maternal mortality rate in Malawi remains unacceptably high, and maternity waiting homes might offer an effective solution. The current and previous Malawian Governments both stated that they were committed to improving the maternal mortality rate, and pledged to increase the numbers of maternity waiting homes (MWH). However, it seems that little was documented about the existing maternity waiting homes. Aims: To gather information about one Malawian MWH and the women who attended. Methods: Interviews with a random sample of pregnant women in a waiting home at a local district hospital outside Lilongwe indicated why women choose to use the homes and the challenges they faced. Findings: Of the seven women in the study, six lived between 5 and 10 km from the MWH, and one lived more than 10 km away. Six of the women were primiparous and therefore potentially at risk of prolonged labour. Six women presented late into their pregnancy for antenatal care, and one did not present for antenatal care at all. None of the women knew their expected date of delivery, and all women in the study believed that it was better to deliver a baby in a hospital than in the village or on the way to hospital. Conclusions: More information about more maternity waiting homes throughout the country is needed, in order to make informed decisions about whether maternity waiting homes are useful at all and if so, how they might be optimally effective.
What is an enhanced recovery nurse: a literature review and audit
Authors: Burch Jennie , Fecher-Jones Imogen , Balfour Angie , Fitt Irene , Carter Fiona 
Published: July 2017

Background: the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme is an evidence-based pathway used to improve recovery after surgery. Despite consensus in the ERAS community that an ERAS nurse is necessary to the success of the programme, there is no definitive role profile. Objectives: this study aimed to define the role of the ERAS nurse and establish the main responsibilities. Methods: a literature review was undertaken, and a purpose-designed online survey was sent to all nurse members of ERAS UK. Data analysis: data are displayed as percentages with tables and charts. Results: 33/89 ERAS nurses responded, describing their main roles as pathway development and implementation, data collection/audit, staff education and project management, as well as patient support and education throughout the pathway. Conclusions: roles vary considerably between ERAS nurses, their impact on the ERAS pathway is unclear, and more research is needed.
Re-using the archive in video posters: A win–win for users and archives
Authors: Sanders Willemien , Salgado Mariana 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Re-use of digital archival content means interpretation; and the ability to create new and original interpretations of cultural heritage materials constitutes necessary contemporary digital and media literacy skills for any (aspiring) scholar and, by extension, informed citizen. For archives, re-use of their content results in more accessible metadata, as user-generated content has proven to be a valuable addition to traditional catalogue metadata. The Carrot is a design concept for a tool that allows its users to re-use digital archival audio-visual content and create digital narratives with the material, thereby interpreting it and adding to our understanding of the original material. By creating these narratives, new archival material is added, and the archive is thus augmented, with both the narrative and user-generated metadata. Taking the Carrot as an example, in this article we argue that digital tools for re-use of archival content provide opportunities for both users and archives and should therefore be embraced by archives. In addition, actively participating in the development of these tools gives the archives the possibility to get more tailored tools.
Exhibiting Lav Diaz’s Long Films: Currencies of Circulation and Dialectics of Spectatorship
Authors: Ingawanij May Adadol 
Published: July 2017

This article forms part of a larger project to explore the contemporaneity of the long films and mode of artistic practice of Filipino independent filmmaker Lav Diaz. Its research method encompasses the practice of curation combined with an exploration of the trajectories of circulation and exhibition of Diaz’s films. Drawing on my recent experience of co-curating the exhibition Lav Diaz: Journeys (January-March 2017), the article discusses the practical, institutional, conceptual, and discursive challenges of exhibiting Diaz’s long films. The process of exhibition making, and some responses to the strengths and limitations of the exhibition’s form, opened up productive hesitancies over the question of how one is to exhibit Diaz’s long films in the way that they are ‘meant to be shown.’ The frictions encountered in the curatorial process and during the exhibition’s life would seem to signal the way that Diaz’s films invoke disparate, and at times contending, conceptions of cinematic experience, participation, and spectatorial ethics.
PERWUJUDAN PARIWISATA BERKELANJUTAN MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT LOKAL DI PULAU PAHAWANG, PESAWARAN, PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Susana Isye , Alvi Nava Neilulfar , Persada Citra 
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, the concept of Tourism Planning has shifted into sustainable tourism development. Because of the slow movement in implementing the concept, many alternative approaches have been offered. One of the alternative approaches to gain the sustainable development tourism is implementing the Cittaslow philosophy. This study aims to identify the local community’s empowerment and involvement in the tourism sector in Pahawang Island, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The local community involvement and empowerment are the essence ingredients of Cittaslow philosophy implementation. From the implication of those two aspects in the tourism sector, this study will analyze through which sustainable tourism is better to conduct. The local community empowerment was noted in the context of psychological and social aspects of local community empowerment, particularly for developing and managing tourism. This study used the qualitative method in the case of Pahawang Tourism in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The result reveals that, the more effective collaboration among government, local communities (businesses, and residents), the more chance to gain sustainable tourism.
PASAR DI SUDUT TIGA KORIDOR LAMA SEMARANG SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK PLACE DAN LINGKAGE EKONOMI
Authors: Rukayah Siti , Supriadi Bambang 
Published: July 2017

Semarang city has golden triangle corridor as a commercial corridor in the present day. But, in the past, the city had three corridors (bigger than now). There were Bodjong street (now known as Pemuda street, part of Groote Postweg 1809-1811), Mataram street (now Mt. Haryono road - the road that connects the old Semarang port to the Mataram kingdom in inland Java) and Veteran road (the road linking the western side of the city to the street Mataram, to avoid the downtown area which was a swamp area). There were traditional markets in each part of the node of triangle corridors (Johar, Randu Sari and Peterongan ) that still exist until now. This study aims to reveal the organization of city structure at that time. By using the historical method and a naturalistic approach were found that the formation of triangle corridor has a function as economic lingkage and economics place, connecting and attracting each other. In the city development, these markets become magnet and strategic node as a place for economic activity. It was formed by the existence of markets, functioning as the magnet for circulations dan be a place for the community. The existence of traditional villages along the corridors which have toponyms based on community economic activity at that time, became evident that the economic linkage has been formed in the past. This phenomenon has become a new knowledge that can be applied to the government for creating the concept of a city walk/ shopping belt corridor based on local wisdom of the urban planning in the past. Recommendations of this study is to preserve and develop the urban design in the past, so it can be utilized in the present situation.
An empirical note on the long-run relationship between education and religiosity in Christian countries
Authors: Herzer Dierk 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe economics of religion is a relatively new field of research in economics. This note examines whether and how permanent changes in religiosity, measured by church attendance, in the long run are affected by permanent changes in education, measured by three categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Applying panel cointegration techniques to data from 20 Christian countries over the period 1925–1990, it is found that (i) only secondary education has a long-run relationship with religiosity, while there is no long-run relationship between religiosity and primary and tertiary education; (ii) secondary education has a strong negative long-run influence on religiosity; and (iii) long-run causality is unidirectional from secondary education to religiosity.
The diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers for diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)-negative PBC patients: a review of literature
Authors: de Liso Federica , Matinato Caterina , Ronchi Mariangela , Maiavacca Rita 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), also known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterized by anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) in 90%–95% of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of several serum biomarkers in patients with PBC but negative for AMA. Some antinuclear antibodies (ANA) pattern, detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), such as multiple nuclear dot (MND) and rim-like patterns are well-known to be specific for PBC. The corresponding nuclear antigens are the components of the nuclear pore complex (Gp210 for rim-like pattern) and Sp100, PML proteins (for MND pattern) detectable by immunoblotting and ELISA methods. More recently, new biomarkers have been evaluated in order to improve the diagnostic sensitivity, such as kelch-like 12 (KLHL12) and hexokinase-1. Considering these different serum biomarkers, studies evaluating their diagnostic role in AMA-negative PBC patients compared to AMA-positive ones and controls were included in this review. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 37% and 85%, respectively. The overall PPV and NPV mean values were 45% and 83%. Even if all biomarkers are very specific for PBC, the overall sensitivity was poor and therefore is necessary to identify a marker with a greater sensitivity for PBC in AMA-negative patients.
Recycling Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) from the Recirculating Waste of an Ethylene Oxide Unit
Authors: Moayed Mohsen , Mahdavian Leila 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the ethylene glycol generation unit of petrochemical plants, first a reaction of ethylene oxide takes place which is then followed by other side reactions. These reactions include water absorption with ethylene oxide, which leads to the generation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Over the lifetime of the alpha-alumina-based silver catalyst there is an increase in side reactions, increasing the amount of the formaldehyde and acetaldehyde generated by the ethylene oxide reactor which leads to reduced MEG product purity. Given the need of a petrochemical complex to further strip the aldehyde (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) to increase the quality of the MEG and increase the lifetime of the alpha-alumina-based silver catalyst, resin beds are designed and their surface absorption capacity is investigated to optimize aldehyde (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) removal in the recirculating water flow of the ethylene oxide unit. Experiments show that the ion exchange system based on strong anionic resin pre-treated with a sodium bisulfite solution can reduce the aldehyde level from about 300ppm to less than 5ppm. After the resin is saturated with aldehyde, the resin can be recycled using the sodium bisulfite solution which is a cheap chemical substance.
Antimicrobial activity and thiosulfinates profile of a formulation based on Allium cepa L. extract
Authors: Orăşan O. , Oprean R. , Saplonţai-Pop A. , Filip M. , Carpa R. , Saroşi C. , Moldovan M. , Man S.C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundAllium species extracts including Allium cepa L. contain sulfur compounds, known for their antiplatelet, antimicrobial, antineoplasic activities.MethodologyAntibacterial activity of a formulation based on A. cepa extracts-liquid and lyophilized samples, has been demonstrated using two classes of bacteria: Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and three methods: discs soaked with liquid extract, the wells method in the culture medium, filled with the liquid extract and lyophilized formulation extracts transformed by the incorporation of ultrapure water. The second part of this study includes identification of thiosulfinates compounds from the studied samples by high performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).ResultsThe most important inhibition and the highest antibacterial effficiency were observed against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. The HPLC-MS thiosulfinates profile of the tested formulation extracts shows the presence of seven thiosulfinate compounds, MeS(O)S 1-propenyl (E,Z); n-PrS(O)S 1-propenyl-(E); n-PrS(O)S 1-propenyl-(Z); trans-zwiebelane; n-PrS(O)CHEtSS-1propenyl; 1-propenylS(O)CHEtSS1-propenyl, which may be responsible for antibacterial activity.ConclusionTesting antimicrobial effects using the three mentioned methods confirmed the antimicrobial activity of the tested samples based on A. cepa extracts, with a demonstrated content of seven thiosulfinate compounds.
Environmentally assisted cracking of pipeline steels in CO2 containing environment at near-neutral pH
Authors: Cabrini Marina , Lorenzi Sergio , Pastore Tommaso , Bolzoni Fabio Maria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe paper summarizes the results obtained by authors concerning near-neutral stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomena on buried pipelines. Stress corrosion tests according to different methodologies and fatigue propagation tests were executed on traditional steel grades. Tests were performed also on specimens pre-corroded according to a procedure developed to produce localized attacks similar to those observed during failure analysis on pipelines, acting as preferential sites for crack nucleation. Electrochemical tests were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of environmental parameter on pit formation. The main role of continuous plastic deformations on near-neutral SCC is confirmed. The effect of pH, CO2, and bicarbonate concentrations on pitting formation is discussed.
Examination and prediction of corrosion fatigue damage and inhibition
Authors: Galyon Dorman Sarah E. , Rausch Justin W. , Arunachalam Saravanan , Fawaz Scott A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe United States Department of Defense (DoD) estimated that the annual cost of corrosion to weapon systems and infrastructure in 2014 exceeded $18 billion and that the number was likely to continue to rise. Corrosion affects military readiness by taking critical weapon systems out of action, due to the degradation of equipment. Unfortunately, as the warfighters demand more from their systems, corrosion prevention and control is frequently traded during the acquisition cycle for weapon system performance. As a result, the DoD remains entrenched in a find-and-fix corrosion management philosophy which is expensive and unsustainable. Better standardized laboratory procedures are needed to help the DoD develop (1) a fundamental understanding of corrosion damage, (2) material performance data relevant to corrosion damage, (3) prediction methodologies to help mitigate the effects of corrosion nucleated damage and (4) to develop an understanding of how corrosion preventative coatings can slow mechanical damage. This paper addresses the effect of the corrosion inhibitors strontium chromate and calcium molybdate in concentrations relevant to service on corrosion fatigue damage as well as presents development of a test methodology for the examination of the corrosion pit-to-fatigue crack transition to help the DoD improve corrosion protection system selection.
Very ampleness of the bicanonical line bundle on compact complex 2-ball quotients
Authors: Yeung Sai-Kee 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this note is to show that

2
⁢
K

{2K}

of any smooth compact complex 2-ball quotient is very ample, except possibly for four pairs of fake projective planes of minimal type, where K is the canonical line bundle.
For the four pairs of fake projective planes, the sections of

2
⁢

K
M

{2K_{M}}

give an embedding of M except possibly for at most two points on M.