bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adoption of socio‐ and bio‐inspired algorithms for trust models in wireless sensor networks: A survey
Authors: Nunoo‐Mensah Henry , Boateng Kwame Osei , Gadze James Dzisi 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe security of a wireless sensor network is greatly increased with increasing levels of trustworthiness of nodes on the network. There are a number of trust models proposed that use various trust evaluation methods. The paper categorises trust evaluation methods for wireless sensor networks into socio‐inspired, bio‐inspired, and analytical methods. Biologically inspired methods and socio constructs are rarely used in the design of trust schemes as opposed to analytical methods (probability, agent based, fuzzy, etc). The paper discusses existing bio‐ and socio‐inspired–based trust schemes implemented for wireless sensor networks, viz quality‐based distance vector protocol, enhanced bio‐inspired trust and reputation model for wireless sensor network, bio‐inspired trust routing protocol, machine learning–based bio‐inspired trust and reputation model, socio‐psychological trust and reputation model, and finally reputation framework for sensor network. The contributions, trust evaluation methods and limitations of recent trust models (i.e. analytical based, biological and socio‐inspired models) are discussed in this paper. The pros and cons of analytical, socio, and biologically inspired algorithms for computing are outlined to easily ascertain the relevance of adopting either biological or socio‐inspired approaches for solving trust‐related problems in wireless sensor networks.
Urine reference intervals for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) isoforms by immunoextraction–tandem mass spectrometry to detect hCG use
Authors: Butch Anthony W. , Ahrens Brian D. , Avliyakulov Nuraly K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates testosterone production by the testicles and can normalize suppressed testosterone concentrations in males following prolonged anabolic steroid use. Because of the potential for abuse by males, hCG is on the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) list of prohibited substances. The majority of WADA‐accredited laboratories measure urinary hCG using an automated immunoassay. Only immunoassays that recognize the intact alpha and beta heterodimer of hCG (intact hCG) should be used to measure urinary hCG for doping control purposes since intact hCG is the only biologically active molecule. WADA further requires that confirmation testing is performed using an intact hCG immunoassay that is different from the one used in the initial testing procedure or by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). In this study we measured the concentration of intact hCG, free β‐subunit (hCGβ) and β‐subunit core fragment (hCGβcf) in 570, 275, and 256 male urine samples, respectively, by an immunoextraction LC–MS/MS method. Mean concentrations of intact hCG, hCGβ and hCGβcf were 0.04 IU/L, 0.47 pmol/L and 0.16 pmol/L, respectively. The upper reference limits (97.5th percentile) for intact hCG, hCGβ and hCGβcf were 0.21 IU/L, 0.40 pmol/L, and 1.86 pmol/L, respectively. Based on these data, we recommend a threshold of 1.0 IU/L for intact hCG (false positive rate of <1 in 10 000) for detecting male athletes that dope with hCG.
Stress is associated with exercise differently among individuals with higher and lower eating disorder symptoms: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Sala Margarita , Brosof Leigh C. , Rosenfield David , Fernandez Katya C. , Levinson Cheri A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveStress is associated with the maintenance of eating disorders and exercise behaviors. However, it is unclear how stress is associated with exercise and vice‐versa among individuals with higher levels of eating disorder symptoms in daily life. The current study tested the moderating effect of eating disorder symptoms on the relationships between (1) daily stress and later exercise behavior and (2) daily exercise behavior and later stress.MethodFemale college students [N =129, mean age = 19.19 (SD = 1.40)] completed the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2. Participants then completed measures of stress and exercise four times daily across seven days using an automated telephone ecological momentary assessment system. Data were analyzed using multilevel models.ResultsDrive for thinness, bulimic symptoms, and body dissatisfaction significantly moderated the relationship between daily stress and later exercise (ps = .01–.05), such that higher daily stress predicted higher later exercise only in individuals who were low (but not average or high) in drive for thinness, bulimic symptoms, and body dissatisfaction symptoms.DiscussionStress is associated with exercise differentially depending on individuals’ eating disorder symptoms. Our findings suggest that only individuals with lower levels of eating disorder symptoms exercise when stressed.
The blind men and the elephant examine biodiversity at low‐head dams: Are we all dealing with the same dam reality?
Authors: Fencl Jane S. , Mather Martha E. , Smith Joseph M. , Hitchman Sean M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDams are ubiquitous environmental impacts that threaten aquatic ecosystems. The ability to compare across research studies is essential to conserve the native biodiversity that is impacted by the millions of low‐head dams that currently fragment streams and rivers. Here, we identify a previously unaddressed obstacle that impedes this generalization. Specifically, divergent spatial and taxonomic approaches that result from different conceptualizations of the dam‐biodiversity problem can produce conflicting science‐based conclusions about the same dam impact. In this research, using the same dammed and undammed sites, we evaluated the scientific generality of different conceptualizations of the dam‐biodiversity problem. We compared two different but commonly used spatial approaches—(1) above dam–below dam vs. (2) undammed–dammed comparisons—and 11 different, commonly used taxonomic approaches (three assemblage summaries, eight guilds). Sites above the dam structure had less diverse fish assemblages than sites below dams, whereas sites below the dam structure were similar to undammed sites. Thus, spatial approach 1 detected a large dam effect and spatial approach 2 detected a small dam effect. Similarly, some taxonomic responses (species richness, diversity, abundance, and number of guilds) detected large dam effects; other responses detected small (riffle specialist guild) or no dam effects (pool generalists). In summary, our results showed that how the problem was framed altered scientific conclusions and created different dam realities. The metaphor of how individual blind men disagree about the structure of an elephant, based on examinations of different body parts, reinforces the need for a coordinated, holistic perspective on dam research. Although no single approach is adequate for all problems, identifying the form, consequences of, and relationships among different research conceptualizations will set the stage for future syntheses of dam‐biodiversity research to advance science‐based conservation.
Plant diversity increases predation by ground‐dwelling invertebrate predators
Authors: Hertzog Lionel R. , Ebeling Anne , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Meyer Sebastian T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlobal declines in biodiversity have raised concerns over the implications of diversity loss for the functioning of ecosystems. Plant diversity loss has impacts throughout food webs affecting both consumer communities and ecosystem functions mediated by consumers. Effects of plant diversity loss on communities of invertebrate predators have been documented, yet little is known about how these translate into variations in predation rates. We measured predation rates along two plant diversity gradients in grassland experiments manipulating species richness and functional diversity. Measurements were conducted at two different heights (ground and vegetation) and in two different seasons (spring and summer), using three different types of baits. Our results show that overall predation rates increase with plant species richness, but effects are seasonally variable and are much more pronounced on the ground than in the vegetation. Plant functional diversity did not consistently affect predation rates in our experiments. Potential mechanistic explanations for an effect of plant diversity on predation include higher complementarity between predator species or reduced intraguild predation with increasing structural complexity at higher plant diversity. These results underline the importance of high local plant diversity for natural pest control.
Resource availability underlies the plant‐fungal diversity relationship in a grassland ecosystem
Authors: Cline Lauren C. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Madritch Michael D. , Buyarski Christopher R. , Tilman David , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is commonly assumed that microbial communities are structured by “bottom‐up” ecological forces, although few experimental manipulations have rigorously tested the mechanisms by which resources structure soil communities. We investigated how plant substrate availability might structure fungal communities and belowground processes along an experimental plant richness gradient in a grassland ecosystem. We hypothesized that variation in total plant‐derived substrate inputs, plant functional group diversity, as well as the relative abundance of C4 grasses and legumes would modulate fungal α‐ and β‐diversity and their rates of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. To test these predictions, we molecularly characterized fungal communities, as well as potential extracellular enzyme activity, net N mineralization, and soil organic matter respiration. We found higher fungal richness was associated with increasing aboveground plant biomass; whereas, fungal β‐diversity was explained by contributions from C4 grass and legume relative dominance, plant functional group diversity, as well as plant biomass. Furthermore, aboveground plant biomass consistently shaped the richness and composition of individual fungal trophic modes (i.e., saprotrophs, symbiotrophs, pathotrophs). Finally, variation in extracellular enzyme activity, net N mineralization rates, and soil organic matter respiration was significantly explained by fungal β‐diversity when fungi were functionally classified. Via changes in the supply and composition of organic substrates entering soil, our study demonstrates that changes in the plant species richness and functional composition collectively influence fungal communities and rates of soil C and N cycling.
Catalytic Cooperativity, Nuclearity, and O2/H2O2 Specificity of Multi‐Copper(II) Complexes of Cyclen‐Tethered Cyclotriphosphazene Ligands in Aqueous Media
Authors: Wang Le , Ye Yong , Lykourinou Vasiliki , Yang Junliang , Angerhofer Alexander , Zhao Yufen , Ming Li‐June 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Y. Ye from Zhengzhou University, China, A. Angerhofer from the University of Florida, USA, Y. Zhao from Xiamen University, China, and L.‐J. Ming from the University of South Florida, USA. The cover image shows the pathways for dinuclear catechol oxidation by CuII complexes of cyclotriphosphazene derivatives with up to six metal‐binding sites.
Global agriculture as an energy transfer system and the energy yield of world agriculture 1961–2013
Authors: Boss Stephen K. , Montana Quinn , Barnett Barbara 
Published: November 2017

The global agricultural system is an energy transfer system converting solar radiation to stored chemical energy in the biosphere through photosynthesis and animal metabolism. Stored energy in the agricultural system is principally in the form of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and oils that humanity appropriates for food, fiber, and fuel. The total annual production of global agriculture was tabulated using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization from 1961 to 2013. Annual agricultural production for each agricultural item (T y−1) was converted to energy yield (kJ y−1) utilizing published proximate analyses (% moisture, % protein, % carbohydrate, % fat/lipid, and % ash). Global agricultural energy yield grew linearly over the 1961–2002 interval. From 2002 onward, global agricultural energy yield also grew linearly, but at a rate 2 times the 1961–2002 rate. Overall, agricultural energy yield more than tripled from 1961 to 2013. Unsurprisingly, energy output of global crops dominated, averaging 85.5 ± 0.4% of total energy output. Livestock and poultry production averaged 13.6 ± 0.4% of annual agricultural energy output, while world fisheries and aquaculture averaged 0.8 ± 0.1% of global energy output. From 1961 to 2013, the feeding potential of global agricultural energy yield exceeded the human metabolic energy requirement by an average multiple of 2.1 ± 0.18. Thus, agricultural production is more than sufficient to feed “The Global Mouth” into the future, and feeding world population is not a production problem per se. Instead, the inability of global agriculture to meet worldwide food requirements results from systemic energy losses associated with significant global food waste, diversion of food energy as feed to livestock and poultry, and appropriation of primary agricultural output for biofuels synthesis. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 108–121, 2018
On the descending branch of the pushover curve for multistory buildings
Authors: Hall John F. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe paper discusses nonlinear pushover curves for multistory moment‐frame buildings. Attention is brought to the steepening effect that elastic unloading has on the slope of the descending branch of the pushover curve, with the possibility of snapback. Displacement control is shown to be effective for the entire range of pushover analysis, including the descending branch. The method is enhanced by controlling the difference in displacement of 2 floors in the vicinity of the collapse mechanism rather than, say, controlling the roof displacement. An automated drift control version is described and tested. Analysis of a 20‐story building demonstrates that variable strength of plastic hinges and inclusion of the strength and stiffness of the gravity frames in the model affect the pushover curve significantly, especially the descending branch. The concept of dynamic pushover is described, and results are compared with the static version.
Use of group method of data handling for transport energy demand modeling
Authors: Teng Geer , Xiao Jin , He Yue , Zheng Tingting , He Changzheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs transport sector takes a big share of the whole energy consumption in China, it is crucial to predict its energy demand. To forecast China's transport energy demand, group method of data handling (GMDH) was introduced. The model can help policymakers’ select influential variables and build prediction models automatically. Furthermore, it can reduce the negative impact of the noise in the Chinese statistical data. To produce comparable results, four of the six data sets used in this paper contain the same variables as in previously published research. Artificial neural networks (ANN), GMDH, multiple linear regression (MLR), and support vector machine (SVM) models were trained using fivefold cross‐validation. The performance of these models was measured in terms of coefficient of determination and root mean square error. Results showed that GMDH achieved better performance than the other models. Finally, projections were made with two scenarios. Both of the projected results showed that the energy demands peak in certain years and then decrease gradually. This study suggests that GDP is not the essential variable, while urbanization rate is an important variable to forecast the transport energy demand in China. It also suggests that Chinese government needs to prepare for the development and deployment of transport energy.
Characterization of an H2/O2 PEMFC Short‐Stack Performance Aimed to Health‐State Monitoring and Diagnosis
Authors: Petrone R. , Vitagliano C. , Péra M.‐C. , Chamagne D. , Sorrentino M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising technologies in energy conversion. Nevertheless, improper operating conditions can severely affect the fuel cell (FC) lifespan. It is a matter of fact, that several degradation mechanisms could take place inside the cell in case of abnormal operating conditions. Among these, improper water managements, fuel quality and starvation conditions can show critical effects on PEMFC performance. Furthermore, if the exposure time to these faulty conditions resulted quite long, irreversible degradations and system ageing would occur. This work aims to investigate the impact of both improper water managements and reactants starvation conditions on H2/O2 PEMFC short‐stacks performance. To this purpose, the experimental activity performed to characterize the stack health‐state both in normal and abnormal conditions is presented. Particular attention is dedicated to the effects caused by improper conditions on stack electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements' variations. Depending on the faulty conditions, the experimental results are then analyzed for health‐state monitoring and diagnosis purposes.
AParkinson's disease gene, DJ‐1, repairs brain injury through Sox9 stabilization and astrogliosis
Authors: Choi Dong‐Joo , Eun Jin‐Hwa , Kim Byung Gon , Jou Ilo , Park Sang Myun , Joe Eun‐Hye 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDefects in repair of damaged brain accumulate injury and contribute to slow‐developing neurodegeneration. Here, we report that a deficiency of DJ‐1, a Parkinson's disease (PD) gene, delays repair of brain injury due to destabilization of Sox9, a positive regulator of astrogliosis. Stereotaxic injection of ATP into the brain striatum produces similar size of acute injury in wild‐type and DJ‐1‐knockout (KO) mice. However, recovery of the injury is delayed in KO mice, which is confirmed by 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging and tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining. DJ‐1 regulates neurite outgrowth from damaged neurons in a non‐cell autonomous manner. In DJ‐1 KO brains and astrocytes, Sox9 protein levels are decreased due to enhanced ubiquitination, resulting in defects in astrogliosis and glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor/ brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression in injured brain and astrocytes. These results indicate that DJ‐1 deficiency causes defects in astrocyte‐mediated repair of brain damage, which may contribute to the development of PD.
Different shades of default mode disturbance in schizophrenia: Subnodal covariance estimation in structure and function
Authors: Lefort‐Besnard Jérémy , Bassett Danielle S. , Smallwood Jonathan , Margulies Daniel S. , Derntl Birgit , Gruber Oliver , Aleman Andre , Jardri Renaud , Varoquaux Gaël , Thirion Bertrand , Eickhoff Simon B. , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSchizophrenia is a devastating mental disease with an apparent disruption in the highly associative default mode network (DMN). Interplay between this canonical network and others probably contributes to goal‐directed behavior so its disturbance is a candidate neural fingerprint underlying schizophrenia psychopathology. Previous research has reported both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity within the DMN, and both increased and decreased DMN coupling with the multimodal saliency network (SN) and dorsal attention network (DAN). This study systematically revisited network disruption in patients with schizophrenia using data‐derived network atlases and multivariate pattern‐learning algorithms in a multisite dataset (n = 325). Resting‐state fluctuations in unconstrained brain states were used to estimate functional connectivity, and local volume differences between individuals were used to estimate structural co‐occurrence within and between the DMN, SN, and DAN. In brain structure and function, sparse inverse covariance estimates of network coupling were used to characterize healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia, and to identify statistically significant group differences. Evidence did not confirm that the backbone of the DMN was the primary driver of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. Instead, functional and structural aberrations were frequently located outside of the DMN core, such as in the anterior temporoparietal junction and precuneus. Additionally, functional covariation analyses highlighted dysfunctional DMN‐DAN coupling, while structural covariation results highlighted aberrant DMN‐SN coupling. Our findings reframe the role of the DMN core and its relation to canonical networks in schizophrenia. We thus underline the importance of large‐scale neural interactions as effective biomarkers and indicators of how to tailor psychiatric care to single patients.
A dimensional approach to determine common and specific neurofunctional markers for depression and social anxiety during emotional face processing
Authors: Luo Lizhu , Becker Benjamin , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Zhao Zhiying , Xu Xiaolei , Zhou Feng , Wang Jiaojian , Kou Juan , Dai Jing , Kendrick Keith M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMajor depression disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorder are both prevalent and debilitating. High rates of comorbidity between MDD and social anxiety disorder (SAD) suggest common pathological pathways, including aberrant neural processing of interpersonal signals. In patient populations, the determination of common and distinct neurofunctional markers of MDD and SAD is often hampered by confounding factors, such as generally elevated anxiety levels and disorder‐specific brain structural alterations. This study employed a dimensional disorder approach to map neurofunctional markers associated with levels of depression and social anxiety symptoms in a cohort of 91 healthy subjects using an emotional face processing paradigm. Examining linear associations between levels of depression and social anxiety, while controlling for trait anxiety revealed that both were associated with exaggerated dorsal striatal reactivity to fearful and sad expression faces respectively. Exploratory analysis revealed that depression scores were positively correlated with dorsal striatal functional connectivity during processing of fearful faces, whereas those of social anxiety showed a negative association during processing of sad faces. No linear relationships between levels of depression and social anxiety were observed during a facial‐identity matching task or with brain structure. Together, the present findings indicate that dorsal striatal neurofunctional alterations might underlie aberrant interpersonal processing associated with both increased levels of depression and social anxiety.