bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of furan molecular units on the glass transition and thermal degradation temperatures of polyamides
Authors: Cureton LaShonda T. , Napadensky Eugene , Annunziato Christopher , La Scala John J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTInterfacial polymerization is used to prepare biobased furan polyamides from the carbohydrate‐derived monomer, 2,5‐furan dicarboxylic acid, aromatic diamines, and varying chain length aliphatic diamines. The molecular weights of the furan polyamides variations range 10,000–70,000 g/mol. These biobased polyamides have improved solubility relative to petroleum‐derived polyamides affording enhanced processability options. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the biobased furan polyamides are higher than that of aliphatic analogs, but lower than phenyl‐aromatic analogs. The Tg for these furan polyamides are as high as 280 °C. Also, the furan polyamide glass transition temperatures increase with decreasing aliphatic diamine chain length similar to results exemplified in petroleum‐based nylons. Group contribution parameters are determined for furans to enable simple prediction of the glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature of furan polyamides. The molar glass transition function for the furan is calculated to be 27.6 ± 1.5 K kg/mol. Thermal analysis measurements of the biobased furan polyamides have maximum thermal degradation temperatures at 350 °C or higher, similar to that of aliphatic polyamides when scaled with the number average molecular weight. The molar decomposition temperature functions are determined to be 37 K kg/mol for furans bonded to aliphatic units and 42 K kg/mol for furans bonded to phenyl units. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45514.
Development of polyethersulfone phase‐inversion membranes for membrane distillation using oleophobic coatings
Authors: Eykens L. , De Sitter K. , Stoops L. , Dotremont C. , Pinoy L. , Van der Bruggen B. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTHighly porous macrovoid‐free polyethersulfone membranes have been prepared using the phase‐inversion process with water as the non‐solvent. These membranes are of great interest for membrane distillation (MD) after application of a hydrophobic/oleophobic coating. The membrane structure was controlled by optimizing the process conditions and dope composition. Counter intuitively, increasing the polymer concentration favors the formation of larger surface pores under similar process conditions. A symmetric membrane is obtained when a sufficient amount of high‐molecular‐weight polyvinylpyrrolidone was added to the dope solution, which appears to play an important role in the structure formation process. The final membrane shows similar performance compared to commercial MD membranes. However, the membranes developed in this study show an oleophobic character, broadening the applications of MD. Moreover, the compressibility of these membranes is severely reduced compared to stretched membranes, which is expected to result in an improved MD performance at full scale. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45516.
Preparation and characterization of castor oil‐based waterborne polyurethane crosslinked with 2‐amino‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐propanediol
Authors: Zhang Yanfei , Zhou Hongwei , Wang Li , Jiang Wenyuan , Soucek Mark D. , Yi Ying 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTCrosslinked castor oil (CO)‐based waterborne polyurethane was synthesized from CO, polycarbonate diol, isophorone diisocyanate, 2,2‐dimethylol propionic acid, and 2‐amino‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐propanediol (THAM) using pre‐polymer process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to characterize the above‐synthesized polyurethane. The effect of THAM content was studied on particle size, zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile tests, and contact angle measurement. Results showed that, with the increase of THAM content, the particle size increases and the thermal stability increases. Furthermore, as the THAM content increased from 0% to 1.5%, tensile strength increased from 9.5 to 16.3 MPa, contact angle increased from 67.8° to 87.4°, and bibulous rate decreased from 13.4% to 6.1%, the elongation at break dropped from 154.8% to 37.9%, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45532.
Covalent Functionalization of Graphene by Nucleophilic Addition Reaction: Synthesis and Optical‐Limiting Properties
Authors: Xu Xiujuan , Li Peiying , Zhang Lei , Liu Xuejian , Zhang Hao‐Li , Shi Qingzhao , He Baojiang , Zhang Wenjuan , Qu Zhan , Liu Pu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCovalent functionalization of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was performed by using conjugated polymers with different monomers through nucleophilic addition of nitrogen anions to rGO. Three conjugated polymers containing tetraphenylethylene, carbazole, and phenyl groups were used, and as a result of π–π interactions and the “polymer‐wrapping” effect, the dispersion stability of rGO was improved. Even if the reaction site in the polymers was the same, there were great differences in the reactivities of the polymers, the dispersion stabilities of the resultant composites, and also the optical limiting (OL) performances of the resultant composites. The differences may be attributed to the π‐conjugated structure and steric hindrance of the moiety in the polymer skeleton, which has scarcely been reported. Besides, the resultant rGO‐P1 and rGO‐P3 materials both showed excellent OL responses, even at 4 μJ. This behavior should enable their potential application in photonic and optoelectronic devices to protect human eyes or optical sensors from damage by intense laser irradiation.
Composite Disturbance‐Observer‐Based Control and Control for High Speed Trains with Actuator Faults
Authors: Dong Hairong , Lin Xue , Yao Xiuming , Bai Weiqi , Ning Bin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo guarantee the position and velocity tracking performance of high speed trains (HSTs) with actuator faults, a composite control algorithm consisting of the disturbance‐observer‐based control (DOBC) and
control is proposed. Based on the multiple point‐mass model, the dynamics of HSTs is established by a cascade of carriages which are connected by flexible couplers, during the procedure of which, the running resistance, actuator faults and multiple disturbances are taken into account. The multiple disturbances are composed of two parts, one of which is the ramp resistance due to the track slope, the other is unknown gusts which can be modeled as a harmonic disturbance with time‐varying frequency. The unknown gusts is estimated and rejected via the DOBC methodology, meanwhile, the running resistance and the ramp resistance are attenuated by the
control methodology. According to the Lyapunov stability analysis and LMI‐based algorithms, main results are derived such that the closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable and the desired performance can be guaranteed. Compared with the numeral simulation results with the single
control method, it is demonstrated that the proposed control methodology is more effective and the system has a higher precision of position and velocity tracking.
Shared atypical default mode and salience network functional connectivity between autism and schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Heng , Uddin Lucina Q. , Duan Xujun , Zheng Junjie , Long Zhiliang , Zhang Youxue , Guo Xiaonan , Zhang Yan , Zhao Jingping , Chen Huafu 
Published: July 2017

Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders sharing some similar genetic basis and clinical features. The extent to which they share common neural substrates remains unclear. Resting‐state fMRI data were collected from 35 drug‐naïve adolescent participants with first‐episode schizophrenia (15.6 ± 1.8 years old) and 31 healthy controls (15.4 ± 1.6 years old). Data from 22 participants with ASD (13.1 ± 3.1 years old) and 21 healthy controls (12.9 ± 2.9 years old) were downloaded from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. Resting‐state functional networks were constructed using predefined regions of interest. Multivariate pattern analysis combined with multi‐task regression feature selection methods were conducted in two datasets separately. Classification between individuals with disorders and controls was achieved with high accuracy (schizophrenia dataset: accuracy = 83%; ASD dataset: accuracy = 80%). Shared atypical brain connections contributing to classification were mostly present in the default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN). These functional connections were further related to severity of social deficits in ASD (p = 0.002). Distinct atypical connections were also more related to the DMN and SN, but showed different atypical connectivity patterns between the two disorders. These results suggest some common neural mechanisms contributing to schizophrenia and ASD, and may aid in understanding the pathology of these two neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1776–1786. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay summaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia are two common neurodevelopmental disorders which share several genetic and behavioral features. The present study identified common neural mechanisms contributing to ASD and schizophrenia using resting‐state functional MRI data. The results may help to understand the pathology of these two neurodevelopmental disorders.
Basal ganglia and autism – a translational perspective
Authors: Subramanian Krishna , Brandenburg Cheryl , Orsati Fernanda , Soghomonian Jean‐Jacques , Hussman John P. , Blatt Gene J. 
Published: July 2017

The basal ganglia are a collection of nuclei below the cortical surface that are involved in both motor and non‐motor functions, including higher order cognition, social interactions, speech, and repetitive behaviors. Motor development milestones that are delayed in autism such as gross motor, fine motor and walking can aid in early diagnosis of autism. Neuropathology and neuroimaging findings in autism cases revealed volumetric changes and altered cell density in select basal ganglia nuclei. Interestingly, in autism, both the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are impacted both in their motor and non‐motor domains and recently, found to be connected via the pons through a short disynaptic pathway. In typically developing individuals, the basal ganglia plays an important role in: eye movement, movement coordination, sensory modulation and processing, eye‐hand coordination, action chaining, and inhibition control. Genetic models have proved to be useful toward understanding cellular and molecular changes at the synaptic level in the basal ganglia that may in part contribute to these autism‐related behaviors. In autism, basal ganglia functions in motor skill acquisition and development are altered, thus disrupting the normal flow of feedback to the cortex. Taken together, there is an abundance of emerging evidence that the basal ganglia likely plays critical roles in maintaining an inhibitory balance between cortical and subcortical structures, critical for normal motor actions and cognitive functions. In autism, this inhibitory balance is disturbed thus impacting key pathways that affect normal cortical network activity. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1751–1775. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryHabit learning, action selection and performance are modulated by the basal ganglia, a collection of groups of neurons located below the cerebral cortex in the brain. In autism, there is emerging evidence that parts of the basal ganglia are structurally and functionally altered disrupting normal information flow. The basal ganglia through its interconnected circuits with the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum can potentially impact various motor and cognitive functions in the autism brain.
Zerstörungsfreie Ultraschallprüfung dicker und hochbewehrter Betonbauteile
Authors: Wiggenhauser Herbert , Niederleithinger Ernst , Milmann Boris 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEin Ultraschallsystem mit großer Apertur, genannt LAUS – Large Aperture UltraSound, wird vorgestellt und die technischen Eigenschaften erläutert. Es besteht aus zwölf Prüfköpfen, die beliebig auf Betonoberflächen mit Unterdruck befestigt und jeweils als Sender oder Empfänger genutzt werden. Alle möglichen Kombinationen ergeben 132 Einzelmessungen, die zur Rekonstruktion des durchschallten Volumens genutzt werden. Das System wurde an zwei Bauwerken erfolgreich erprobt. Die Dicke einer sehr stark bewehrten Fundamentplatte eines Fallturms wurde bestimmt. Die Messungen erfolgten in einem Raster auf einer Fläche von 2,0 × 1,8 m2 und die Rückseite konnte eindeutig abgebildet werden. Weitere Anzeigen aus dem Inneren der Platte zeigen das Potenzial des Systems. An einem Brückenbauwerk wurden indirekt Verdichtungsmängel lokalisiert. Dazu wurden mit dem LAUS‐System die im Brückenträger verlaufenden Spannkanäle durch fast 2 m Beton abgebildet.
Randomized clinical trial of Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score-based management of patients with suspected appendicitis
Authors: Andersson M , Kolodziej B , Andersson R E , Andersson R E , Andersson M , Eriksson T , Ramsing A , Westman L , Björkman J , Håkansson H O , Lundström T , Björkman H , Johansson P , Hjert O , Edin R , Ekström A , Wenander C , Wallon C , Andersson P , Frisk J , Arvidsson B , Lantz R , Wallin G , Wickberg Å , Stenberg E , Erixon C , Schmidt W , Räntfors J , Göthberg G , Styrud J , Elias K , Boström Le , Kretschmar G , Jonsson M , Brav C , Nilsson I , Kamran F , Hammarqvist F , Rutqvist J , Almström M , Hedberg M , Lindh V , Rosemar A , Wangberg H , Gustafsson J , Neovius G , Juhlin C , Christofferson R , Månsson C , Zittel T , Fagerström N 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
The role of imaging in the diagnosis of appendicitis is controversial. This prospective interventional study and nested randomized trial analysed the impact of implementing a risk stratification algorithm based on the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score, and compared routine imaging with selective imaging after clinical reassessment.

Method
Patients presenting with suspicion of appendicitis between September 2009 and January 2012 from age 10 years were included at 21 emergency surgical centres and from age 5 years at three university paediatric centres. Registration of clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes started during the baseline period. The AIR score-based algorithm was implemented during the intervention period. Intermediate-risk patients were randomized to routine imaging or selective imaging after clinical reassessment.

Results
The baseline period included 1152 patients, and the intervention period 2639, of whom 1068 intermediate-risk patients were randomized. In low-risk patients, use of the AIR score-based algorithm resulted in less imaging (19·2 versus 34·5 per cent; P &lt; 0·001), fewer admissions (29·5 versus 42·8 per cent; P &lt; 0·001), and fewer negative explorations (1·6 versus 3·2 per cent; P = 0·030) and operations for non-perforated appendicitis (6·8 versus 9·7 per cent; P = 0·034). Intermediate-risk patients randomized to the imaging and observation groups had the same proportion of negative appendicectomies (6·4 versus 6·7 per cent respectively; P = 0·884), number of admissions, number of perforations and length of hospital stay, but routine imaging was associated with an increased proportion of patients treated for appendicitis (53·4 versus 46·3 per cent; P = 0·020).

Conclusion
AIR score-based risk classification can safely reduce the use of diagnostic imaging and hospital admissions in patients with suspicion of appendicitis. Registration number: NCT00971438 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Combined LASER and femoral approach to remove a previous failure of Riata lead extraction
Authors: Dello Russo Antonio , Fassini Gaetano Michele , Conti Sergio , Vettor Giulia , Casella Michela , Tundo Fabrizio , Roberto Maurizio , Grillo Francesco , Alamanni Francesco , Tondo Claudio 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageTransvenous extraction of Riata lead could be a challenging procedure due to insulation failure and conductor cables’ externalization through the eroded outer insulation. In this case, a complete lead extraction was achieved through a combined LASER and femoral approach because of the massive conductors’ externalization.
Edge‐Abundant Porous Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Docking in Nitrogen‐Rich Graphene Aerogel as Efficient and Durable Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Liang Zibin , Xia Wei , Qu Chong , Qiu Bin , Tabassum Hassina , Gao Song , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel Fe3O4 nanoparticles/nitrogen‐doped graphene aerogel (denoted as Fe3O4@NGA) hybrid material with high porosity was prepared by using iron‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), [Fe3O(H2N‐BDC)3] (H2N‐BDC=2‐aminoterephtalic acid), denoted as MIL‐88B‐NH2, as templates and nitrogen‐doped graphene aerogel (NGA) as the substrate. The obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles demonstrate a rich edge area with abundant exposed active sites and defects, indicating great potential for oxygen adsorption and activation. When used as an electrocatalyst in alkaline solution, the Pt‐free Fe3O4@NGA exhibited excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance and dramatically enhanced durability and tolerance towards methanol compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst, revealing its great viability and potential in practical application.
The Unusual Role of Aromatic Solvent in Single‐Site AluminumI Chemistry: Insights from Theory
Authors: Jain Shailja , Vanka Kumar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe single‐site activation of strong σ bonds (such as that of H−H, P−H, and N−H) remains a significant challenge in main‐group chemistry, with only a few cases reported to date. In this regard, recent exciting experiments performed with aluminumI complexes hold significance because they have been seen to activate a variety of strong σ bonds. Such chemistry is generally seen to occur in aromatic solvents. Current computational studies with DFT reveal the interesting reason for this: an explicit aromatic solvent molecule acts as a catalyst by converting the aluminumI complex into aluminumIII during the process. Different cases of σ‐bond activation by aluminumI complexes have been investigated and the efficiency of H−X (X=H, NHtBu, PPh2) bond activation in the presence of an explicit benzene solvent molecule is orders of magnitude higher than that in its absence. The current work therefore reveals the chemistry of aluminumI complexes to be richer and more complex than that previously realized, and shows it to be dependent on metal–solvent cooperativity; the first known example of its kind in main‐group chemistry.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Efficient Catalytic Activities of a Nickel(II) Porphyrin: Remarkable Solvent and Substrate Effects on Participation of Multiple Active Oxidants
Authors: Ahn Hye Mi , Bae Jeong Mi , Kim Min Jeong , Bok Kwon Hee , Jeong Ha Young , Lee Suk Joong , Kim Cheal 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA new nickel(II) porphyrin complex, [NiII(porp)] (1), has been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry analysis. This NiII porphyrin complex 1 quantitatively catalyzed the epoxidation reaction of a wide range of olefins with meta‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m‐CPBA) under mild conditions. Reactivity and Hammett studies, H218O‐exchange experiments, and the use of PPAA (peroxyphenylacetic acid) as a mechanistic probe suggested that participation of multiple active oxidants NiII−OOC(O)R 2, NiIV‐Oxo 3, and NiIII‐Oxo 4 within olefin epoxidation reactions by the nickel porphyrin complex is markedly affected by solvent polarity, concentration, and type of substrate. In aprotic solvent systems, such as toluene, CH2Cl2, and CH3CN, multiple oxidants, NiII−(O)R 2, NiIV‐Oxo 3, and NiIII‐Oxo 4, operate simultaneously as the key active intermediates responsible for epoxidation reactions of easy‐to‐oxidize substrate cyclohexene, whereas NiIV‐Oxo 3 and NiIII‐Oxo 4 species become the common reactive oxidant for the difficult‐to‐oxidize substrate 1‐octene. In a protic solvent system, a mixture of CH3CN and H2O (95:5), the NiII−OOC(O)R 2 undergoes heterolytic or homolytic O−O bond cleavage to afford NiIV‐Oxo 3 and NiIII‐Oxo 4 species by general acid catalysis prior to direct interaction between 2 and olefin, regardless of the type of substrate. In this case, only NiIV‐Oxo 3 and NiIII‐Oxo 4 species were the common reactive oxidant responsible for olefin epoxidation reactions.
Over‐Stoichiometric NbO2 Nanoparticles for a High Energy and Power Density Lithium Microbattery
Authors: Asfaw Habtom D. , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Nyholm Leif , Edström Kristina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEffective utilization of active materials in microbatteries can be enhanced by rational design of the electrodes. There is an increasing trend of using 3 D electrodes that are coated in nanosized active materials to boost both energy and power densities. This article focuses on the fabrication of 3 D electrodes based on monolithic carbon foams coated in over‐stoichiometric NbO2 nanoparticles. The electrodes exhibit remarkable energy and power densities at various current densities when tested in lithium microbatteries. An areal capacity of around 0.7 mAh cm−2 and energy density up to 45 mWh cm−3 have been achieved. More than half of the areal capacity can be accessed at a current density of about 11 mA cm−2, with the corresponding energy and power densities being 21 mWh cm−3 and 1349 mW cm−3. These values are comparable to those of microsupercapacitors containing carbon and MnO2 nanomaterials. Furthermore, the electrochemical reversibility improves progressively upon cycling along with substantial increase in the charge transfer kinetics of the electrode. Based on impedance analyses almost a fourfold decrease in the charge transfer resistance has been observed over 25 cycles. Such enhancement of the electronic properties of NbO2 can account for the high electrochemical rate performance of the 3 D electrodes.
Evaluation of primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma by flow cytometry
Authors: Cherian Sindhu , Fromm Jonathan R. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundPrimary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma (PMLBCL) is a B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) that shows morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic similarities to classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). We evaluated the neoplastic and reactive infiltrate of PMLBCL by flow cytometry (FC).MethodsA total of 24 cases of PMLBCL were retrospectively characterized using FC combinations for B‐NHL, T‐NHL, and CHL.ResultsThe CHL assay identified the neoplastic population (NP) in all cases, while the B‐NHL assay identified the NP in 18 of 24 cases. In four cases, the neoplastic population was retrospectively identified in the B‐NHL tube, given the CHL tube‐derived immunophenotype. Neoplastic cells of PMLBCL displayed a B cell immunophenotype (CD19/CD20+), with CD40 consistently and brightly expressed. Most cases lacked immunoglobulin light chains, CD10, and CD15; CD30 was frequently expressed. All cases showed expression of CD71 and CD95. The reactive infiltrate in PMLBCL showed increases in T cells relative to reactive tissues. Lower CD4/CD8 ratios in PMLBCL relative to CHL and reactive tissues were also observed. Although not seen as commonly as with CHL, 41% of cases showed a reactive CD3/CD4/CD7bright/CD45bright+ T cell population. Reactive populations seen in PMLBCL were similar to that seen in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified.ConclusionsFC can detect the NP of PMLBCL and a FC assay for CHL performed better than a B‐NHL assay in this regard. The neoplastic cells showed a B cell immunophenotype with over‐expression of CD40. The reactive infiltrate in PMLBCL shows unique features including a prominent CD8+ T cell infiltrate. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society