bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Night‐time pedestrian conspicuity: effects of clothing on drivers’ eye movements
Authors: Wood Joanne M. , Tyrrell Richard A. , Lacherez Philippe , Black Alex A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeDrivers’ responses and eye movements were assessed as they approached pedestrians at night in order to explore the relative conspicuity benefits of different configurations of retroreflective markings.MethodsEye movements were recorded using an ASL Mobile Eye (Applied Science Technologies, www.asleyetracking.com) from 14 young licensed drivers (M = 24.1 ± 6.4 years) as they drove along a closed‐road circuit at night. At two locations, pedestrians walked in place facing either towards or away from the road. Pedestrians wore black clothing with a standard retroreflective vest either alone or with additional retroreflective markers positioned in a configuration conveying biological motion (biomotion). Drivers responded when they recognised that a pedestrian was present and again when they identified the direction the pedestrian was facing.ResultsDrivers recognised pedestrians from a significantly greater distance (p < 0.05) when the pedestrian's clothing included the biomotion configuration (319.1 m) than when the biomotion markings were absent (184.5 m). Further, the drivers recognised the direction that the pedestrian faced from a longer distance when biomotion markings were present (215.4 m vs 95.6 m). Eye movement data suggested that the biomotion configuration attracted drivers’ attention significantly sooner than the vest (time to first fixation: 1.1 vs 3.5 s), that drivers fixated on pedestrians wearing biomotion for significantly less time prior to responding (3.4 s vs 6.1 s), and the time to first recognise a pedestrian was approximately half that for biomotion compared to vest (6.4 vs 13.9 s).ConclusionAdding biomotion reflectors to the vest facilitated earlier recognition of pedestrians and faster identification of the direction that the pedestrian faced. These findings confirm that the conspicuity advantages of biomotion configurations on pedestrians at night result in part from drivers fixating pedestrians earlier and more efficiently.
A comparison of Goldmann III, V and spatially equated test stimuli in visual field testing: the importance of complete and partial spatial summation
Authors: Phu Jack , Khuu Sieu K. , Zangerl Barbara , Kalloniatis Michael 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeGoldmann size V (GV) test stimuli are less variable with a greater dynamic range and have been proposed for measuring contrast sensitivity instead of size III (GIII). Since GIII and GV operate within partial summation, we hypothesise that actual GV (aGV) thresholds could predict GIII (pGIII) thresholds, facilitating comparisons between actual GIII (aGIII) thresholds with pGIII thresholds derived from smaller GV variances. We test the suitability of GV for detecting visual field (VF) loss in patients with early glaucoma, and examine eccentricity‐dependent effects of number and depth of defects. We also hypothesise that stimuli operating within complete spatial summation (‘spatially equated stimuli’) would detect more and deeper defects.MethodsSixty normal subjects and 20 glaucoma patients underwent VF testing on the Humphrey Field Analyzer using GI‐V sized stimuli on the 30‐2 test grid in full threshold mode. Point‐wise partial summation slope values were generated from GI‐V thresholds, and we subsequently derived pGIII thresholds using aGV. Difference plots between actual GIII (aGIII) and pGIII thresholds were used to compare the amount of discordance. In glaucoma patients, the number of ‘events’ (points below the 95% lower limit of normal), defect depth and global indices were compared between stimuli.Results90.5% of pGIII and aGIII points were within ±3 dB of each other in normal subjects. In the glaucoma cohort, there was less concordance (63.2% within ±3 dB), decreasing with increasing eccentricity. GIII found more defects compared to GV‐derived thresholds, but only at outermost test locations. Greater defect depth was found using aGIII compared to aGV and pGIII, which increased with eccentricity. Global indices revealed more severe loss when using GIII compared to GV. Spatially equated stimuli detected the greatest number of ‘events’ and largest defect depth.ConclusionsWhilst GV may be used to reliably predict GIII values in normal subjects, there was less concordance in glaucoma patients. Similarities in ‘event’ detection and defect depth in the central VF were consistent with the fact that GIII and GV operate within partial summation in this region. Eccentricity‐dependent effects in ‘events’ and defect depth were congruent with changes in spatial summation across the VF and the increase in critical area with disease. The spatially equated test stimuli showed the greatest number of defective locations and larger sensitivity loss.
Long‐Term Experience with First‐Generation Implantable Neurostimulation Device in Central Sleep Apnea Treatment
Authors: FOX HENRIK , BITTER THOMAS , HORSTKOTTE DIETER , OLDENBURG OLAF , GUTLEBEN KLAUS‐JÜRGEN 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundSleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) and Cheyne‐Stokes respiration (CSR) are associated with shorter survival in patients with heart failure. A novel treatment method for this patient group is unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation by the remedē® system (Respicardia Inc., Minnetonka, MN, USA), a transvenously implantable neurostimulation device, which has recently been studied in a large randomized, controlled trial. Previous literature has shown efficacy and safety of the treatment with this first‐generation device, but hardly any data are available on long‐term clinical parameters, the remedē® device's battery lifetime, device exchangeability, lead position stability, surgical accessibility, and manageability.MethodsWe performed remedē® device replacements in consecutive patients for battery depletion, and documented clinical parameters, longevity, operation procedure, complications, and difficulties.ResultsAll patients were on neurostimulation treatment by phrenic nerve neurostimulation when device replacement became necessary. Apnea‐hypopnea index (from 45 ± 4/h to 9 ± 4/h), oxygen‐desaturation index (from 35 ± 7/h to 7 ± 6/h), and time spent with oxygen saturation of <90% (T < 90% from 5 ± 7% to 0 ± 0%) were improved and improvements remained constant throughout the 4‐year follow‐up. Mean battery life was 4.2 ± 0.2 years and mean replacement procedure time was 25 ± 5.1 minutes. Apart from conventional X‐ray documentation of stable lead positions in a long‐term setting, no radiation or contrast dye usage was needed and no major complications occurred. In addition, clinical exercise capacity and sleepiness symptoms improved.ConclusionsNovel remedē® device shows sustained therapy efficacy and safety in terms of stable lead positions over 4 years. Long‐term phrenic nerve neurostimulation therapy for central SDB/CSR appears feasible in a clinical routine setting.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: outcomes of neonates treated at Mayo Clinic with and without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Bojanić Katarina , Woodbury Jason M. , Cavalcante Alexandre N. , Grizelj Ruža , Asay Garth F. , Colby Christopher E. , Carey William A. , Schears Gregory J. , Weingarten Toby N. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Sprung Juraj 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare anomaly with high mortality and long‐term comorbid conditions.AimsOur aim was to describe the presenting characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of consecutive patients with CDH treated at our institution.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study and identified consecutive neonates treated for CDH from 2001 to 2015 at our institution. For all patients identified, we reviewed hospital and postdischarge data for neonatal, disease, and treatment characteristics. We determined hospital survival overall and also according to the presence of prenatal diagnosis, liver herniation into the chest (liver up), and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in addition to surgery. We evaluated postdischarge chronic conditions in patients with at least one year of follow‐up.ResultsThirty‐eight neonates were admitted for treatment during the study period. In three who were in extremis, life support was withdrawn. The other 35 underwent surgical repair, of whom eight received ECMO. The overall survival was 79% (30/38). Survival for those who had surgical correction of CDH but did not need ECMO was 89% (24/27); it was 75% (6/8) for those who received ECMO and had surgery. Hospital survival was lower for liver‐up vs liver‐down CDH (61% [11/18] vs 95% [19/20]; odds ratio, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.77; P = 0.01). Among survivors, the median duration of hospitalization was 31 (interquartile range, 20–73) days. Major chronic pulmonary and gastrointestinal disorders, failure to thrive, and neurodevelopmental delays were the most noted comorbid conditions after discharge, and all were more prevalent in those who required ECMO.ConclusionThe overall survival of neonates with CDH was 79%. Intrathoracic liver herniation was associated with more frequent use of ECMO and greater mortality. A substantial number of survivors, especially those who required ECMO, experienced chronic conditions after discharge.
Safety of antifibrinolytics in cranial vault reconstructive surgery: a report from the pediatric craniofacial collaborative group
Authors: Goobie Susan M. , Cladis Franklyn P. , Glover Chris D. , Huang Henry , Reddy Srijaya K. , Fernandez Allison M. , Zurakowski David , Gries Heike , Stricker Paul A. ,   the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundAntifibrinolytic therapy significantly decreases blood loss and transfusion in pediatric cranial vault reconstructive surgery; however, concern regarding the side effects profile limits clinical use.AimsThe aim was to utilize the Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery Perioperative Registry database to identify the safety profile of antifibrinolytic therapy for cranial vault reconstructive surgery by reporting the incidence of adverse events as they relate to exposure to tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid compared to no exposure to antifibrinolytics.MethodsThe database was queried for cases of open cranial vault reconstructive surgery. Less invasive procedures such as neuro‐endoscopic and spring‐mediated cranioplasties were excluded. The outcomes evaluated included any perioperative neurological adverse event including seizures or seizure‐like movements and thromboembolic events.ResultsThirty‐one institutions reported a total of 1638 cases from 2010 to 2015. Total antifibrinolytic administration accounted for 59.5% (tranexamic acid, 36.1% and aminocaproic acid, 23.4%), with 40.5% not receiving any antifibrinolytic. The overall incidence of postoperative seizures or seizure‐like movements was 0.6%. No significant difference was detected in the incidence of postoperative seizures between patients receiving tranexamic acid and those receiving aminocaproic acid [the odds ratio for seizures being 0.34 (95% confidence interval: 0.07–1.85) controlling for American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) physical class] nor in patients receiving antifibrinolytics compared to those not administered antifibrinolytics (the odds ratio for seizures being 1.02 (confidence interval 0.29–3.63) controlling for ASA physical class). One complicated patient in the antifibrinolytic group with a femoral venous catheter had a postoperative deep venous thrombosis.ConclusionsThis is the first report of an incidence of postoperative seizures of 0.6% in pediatric cranial vault reconstructive surgery. There was no significant difference in postoperative seizures or seizure‐like events in those patients who received the tranexamic acid or aminocaproic acid vs those that did not. This report provides evidence of the safety profile of antifibrinolytic in children having noncardiac major surgery. Caution should prevail however in using antifibrinolytic in high‐risk patients. Antifibrinolytic dosage regimes should be based on pharmacokinetic data avoiding high doses.
Effect of age on the performance of bispectral and entropy indices during sevoflurane pediatric anesthesia: a pharmacometric study
Authors: Sciusco Alberto , Standing Joseph F. , Sheng Yucheng , Raimondo Pasquale , Cinnella Gilda , Dambrosio Michele 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundBispectral index (BIS) and entropy monitors have been proposed for use in children, but research has not supported their validity for infants. However, effective monitoring of young children may be even more important than for adults, to aid appropriate anesthetic dosing and reduce the chance of adverse consequences. This prospective study aimed to investigate the relationships between age and the predictive performance of BIS and entropy monitors in measuring the anesthetic drug effects within a pediatric surgery setting.MethodsWe concurrently recorded BIS and entropy (SE/RE) in 48 children aged 1 month–12 years, undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane and fentanyl. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling was used to characterize the concentration–response relationship independently between the three monitor indicators with sevoflurane. The model's goodness‐of‐fit was assessed by prediction‐corrected visual predictive checks. Model fit with age was evaluated using absolute conditional individual weighted residuals (|CIWRES|). The ability of BIS and entropy monitors to describe the effect of anesthesia was compared with prediction probabilities (PK) in different age groups. Intraoperative and awakening values were compared in the age groups. The correlation between BIS and entropy was also calculated.Results|CIWRES| vs age showed an increasing trend in the model's accuracy for all three indicators. PK probabilities were similar for all three indicators within each age group, though lower in infants. The linear correlations between BIS and entropy in different age groups were lower for infants. Infants also tended to have lower values during surgery and at awakening than older children, while toddlers had higher values.ConclusionsPerformance of both monitors improves as age increases. Our results suggest a need for the development of new monitor algorithms or calibration to better account for the age‐specific EEG dynamics of younger patients.
Sequential allocation trial design in anesthesia: an introduction to methods, modeling, and clinical applications
Authors: Görges Matthias , Zhou Guohai , Brant Rollin , Ansermino J. Mark 
Published: February 2017

SummaryEstimation of the dose–response curve for new anesthetic protocols typically focuses on identifying minimum effective doses. The application of a sequential experimental method is appropriate, as it minimizes sample size requirements by updating dose assignments based on information accrued from successive subjects. One approach is the up‐and‐down method for estimating the median effective dose in a patient population (ED50). Designs better suited for achieving greater than 50% effectiveness, include the biased coin approach, and continual reassessment method. In this review we introduce different sequential design methods, provide examples of their use, and show through simulation how the method employed influences sample size and the accuracy of the estimated dose. Simulation studies are presented to illustrate the effects of dose parameter and stopping rule choice for up‐and‐down method and biased coin approach. For continual reassessment method, the effects of assumed dose–response model, prior guess, and cohort size are simulated. A binary response regression curve was fit to the data in Saidman and Eger's endtidal halothane dose‐finding study to provide a dose–response curve for generating simulations. A range of options exist when designing a study using sequential allocation with biased coin approach or continual reassessment method. Method choice influences the required sample size and confidence in estimated effect. In the halothane example, up‐and‐down method decreases the required sample size by 20–30% when the choice of design parameters is optimal. For both up‐and‐down method and biased coin approach designs, greater sample sizes, arising from adjusted stopping criteria, might be required to achieve reliable estimates. The continual reassessment method is only efficient if a limited range of doses can be chosen a priori. In conclusion the up‐and‐down method can be more efficient than nonsequential designs for the estimation of the median dose/intervention level for a given intervention (ED50). The biased coin approach or continual reassessment method are preferred for the estimation of higher or lower tail quantiles such as ED90 or ED10. Continual reassessment method may be superior if knowledge of the dose–response relationship is available for the drug of interest.
Staged intraperitoneal brachytherapy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in an adolescent: novel anesthetic challenges for pediatric anesthetists
Authors: Weatherall Andrew D. , Bennett Tristan R. , Lovell Mark , Fung Winnie , de Lima Jonathan 
Published: February 2017

SummaryNewer techniques that have found a place in cancer management in adults are offered far less commonly in pediatric patients. We present a case of a patient with recurrent Wilms' tumor managed with a novel combination of cytoreductive surgery, intraperitoneal brachytherapy, and subsequent hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Each stage presents challenges that the pediatric anesthetist is unlikely to have faced before. Such cases require flexibility and thorough planning to manage the combination of major surgery, remote anesthesia with brachytherapy and hyperthermic chemotherapy with its potential for metabolic derangement, significant fluid shifts, analgesic care, and potential exposure of staff to cytotoxic agents. Comprehensive care can be offered in pediatric centers.
The effect of sevoflurane on electrocorticographic spike activity in pediatric patients with epilepsy
Authors: Tanaka Shigekazu , Oda Yutaka , Ryokai Masayoshi , Uda Takehiro , Kunihiro Noritsugu , Kuki Ichiro , Okutani Ryu 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundElectrocorticogram (ECoG) spike activity is enhanced under general anesthesia with 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane compared with lower concentrations in adult patients with epilepsy. However, the effect of concentration of sevoflurane on ECoG in children with epilepsy is less known.AimsThe primary endpoint was to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on ECoG spike activity in pediatric patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. The secondary endpoint was to examine its effects on baseline ECoG including burst suppression.MethodsChildren of age 3–18 years with medically intractable epilepsy undergoing corpus callosotomy or resection of the epileptic foci (n = 11) were enrolled. Electrodes were placed on the brain surface and ECoG was recorded under anesthesia with endtidal carbon dioxide tension at 30 mmHg and sevoflurane at 2.5%, followed by age‐adjusted 1.5 MAC (3.1–3.4%) for 10 min. The number of leads with spikes, the average number of spikes per lead per minute, median frequency of ECoG, and duration of suppression of ECoG ≥ 1 s were compared between 2.5% and 1.5 MAC sevoflurane.ResultsThe number of leads with spikes increased [11 vs 14, P = 0.003, difference in mean (95% CI) is 3 (2–5)], and the average number of spikes increased [9 vs 14·lead−1·min−1, P = 0.003, difference in mean (95% CI) is 5 (2–8) lead−1·min−1] under anesthesia with 1.5 MAC compared with 2.5% sevoflurane. Median frequency was decreased [2.8 Hz vs 2.0 Hz, P = 0.003, difference in mean (95% CI) is 0.8 (0.4–1.2) Hz], and the duration of suppression was increased [105 s vs 262 s, P < 0.001, difference in mean (95% CI) is 156 (90–223) s] with 1.5 MAC compared with 2.5% sevoflurane.ConclusionsSevoflurane at 1.5 MAC significantly increased the extent and the number of spikes, prolonged the duration of suppression, and decreased median frequency of ECoG compared with those at 2.5% sevoflurane.
Nasal hemophilic pseudotumor in a patient with mild hemophilia A and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Ogata Yoshiyasu , Monji Mikio , Kai Keita , Matsuo Muneaki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHemophilic pseudotumor is a rare complication, even in patients with severe hemophilia. Herein we report on a case of hemophilic pseudotumor in a patient with mild hemophilia A and allergic rhinitis, initially suspected to be a nasal tumor. The pseudotumor was cured by supplementation with recombinant factor VIII concentrates, and medication for allergic rhinitis. Pseudotumor should always be considered in hemophiliac patients, even in those with only mild deficiency of coagulation factors.
The Communicated Perspective‐Taking Rating System and links to well‐being in marital conflict
Authors: KELLAS JODY KOENIG , CARR KRISTEN , HORSTMAN HALEY KRANSTUBER , DILILLO DAVID 
Published: February 2017

AbstractResearch highlights the importance of perspective taking as a cognitive ability. A growing body of research also suggests that communicated perspective taking (CPT)—or how interactional partners acknowledge, attend to, and confirm each others' perspectives during interactions—enables collaborative sense‐making of shared difficulties with significant links to individual and relational health. The purpose of the current study was to further operationalize the construct and to test the relation between CPT and well‐being in married couples' (n = 80) conversations about conflict. The Communicated Perspective‐Taking Rating System (CPTRS) was developed and tested as a reliable observational system. Findings indicate that husbands' CPT predicted wives' relational satisfaction, and wives' CPT predicted husbands' relational satisfaction. Implications and future applications of the CPTRS are discussed.
Attitude similarity and attraction: Validation, positive affect, and trust as sequential mediators
Authors: SINGH RAMADHAR , WEGENER DUANE T. , SANKARAN KRITHIGA , BHULLAR NAUREEN , ANG KAREN Q. P. , CHIA PAULINE J. L. , CHEONG XINYI , CHEN FUWEI 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEffectance motivation—an urge for certainty and a feeling of being able to know, predict, and control one's environment—was initially proposed as the mechanism underlying attitude similarity effects on attraction. However, this motivation was discarded as an explanation when positive affect was identified. The presence of alternative mechanisms did not deny a role for the validation of attitudes in attraction. Therefore, we investigated the validation of one's views by those of peers as an additional mediator and its relation with two previously known mediators of positive affect and trust. As hypothesized, validation mediated attitude similarity effects when measured alone (Experiment 1) and within sequential mediation patterns involving positive affect (Experiment 2A) and trust (Experiments 2B and 2C).