bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saddle‐Dolomite‐Bearing Fracture Fillings and Records of Hot Brine Activity in the Jialingjiang Formation, Libixia Section, Hechuan Area of Chongqing City
Authors: Keke HUANG , Yijiang ZHONG , Sijing HUANG , Xiaoning LI , Mingshi FENG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMost vein minerals deposited in fractures of the Jialingjiang Formation from Libixia section, Hechan area include a large amount of saddle dolomite and accompanying celestite, calcite and fluorite. This study analyzed the nature, source, evolution of the fluids by plane‐light petrography, fluid‐inclusion methods, cathodoluminescence images, and stable isotopic compositions. The homogenization temperatures of two‐phase aqueous fluid inclusions in dolomite range between 100 and 270°C. Combined with the δ18O data, it is suggested that the fluid responsible for the precipitation of fracture fillings have δ18O values between 10‰ and 18‰ (relative to SMOW). The saddle dolomite and the accompanying minerals were the result of activity of dense brines at elevated temperatures. Moreover, analysis shows that the fluid was derived from a mixture of marine‐derived brine and deeper circulating flow. This fluid was enriched in Sr during diagenesis and formed celestite in fracture and for regional mineralization. Dissolution of saddle dolomite was attributed to the cooling of Mg/Ca‐decreased fluids, which may relate to a leaching of gypsum to celestite in surrounding carbonates.
Three‐Dimensional Modelling of a Multi‐Layer Sandstone Reservoir: the Sebei Gas Field, China
Authors: Chenghua OU , Xiaolu WANG , Chaochun LI , Yan HE 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMulti‐layer sandstone reservoirs occur globally and are currently in international production. The 3D characteristics of these reservoirs are too complicated to be accurately delineated by general structural‐facies‐reservoir modelling. In view of the special geological features, such as the vertical architecture of sandstone and mudstone interbeds, the lateral stable sedimentation and the strong heterogeneity of reservoir poroperm and fluid distribution, we developed a new three‐stage and six‐phase procedure for 3D characterization of multi‐layer sandstone reservoirs. The procedure comprises two‐phase structural modelling, two‐phase facies modelling and modelling of two types of reservoir properties. Using this procedure, we established models of the formation structure, sand body structure and microfacies, reservoir facies and properties including porosity, permeability and gas saturation and provided a 3D fine‐scale, systematic characterization of the Sebei multi‐layer sandstone gas field, China. This new procedure, validated by the Sebei gas field, can be applied to characterize similar multi‐layer sandstone reservoirs.
Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition of Black Carbon in Surface Soil as a Proxy for Reconstructing Vegetation on the Northern Slope of the Qinling Mountains
Authors: Lian LIU , Min HUANG , Zhiqiang LIU 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBecause of the unique geographical location and important ecological effect of the Qinling Mountains, reconstruction of its vegetation and climate needs comprehensive research. We need to consider a multiple‐proxy approach to gain more information on recovering the paleovegetation and climate in the Qinling Mountains. Black carbon (BC) is produced by the incomplete combustion of vegetation and fossil fuels, and is a good proxy, recording paleoenvironmental information. However, in the Qinling Mountains, what are the characteristics of the BC, and whether BC stable carbon isotope (δ13CBC) can be used as a new proxy to study ancient vegetation, still need further study. In order to establish a sound basis for studying paleoenvironmental by BC proxy in the Qinling Mountains, we carried out systematic and detailed study on modern process of BC on the northern slope of the mountains. We analyzed stable carbon isotopes and carbon concentration of organic carbon (%SOC, δ13CSOC) and BC (%BC, δ13CBC), and identified the pollen assemblages from systematically sampled surface soil. The results show that the calculated ratio of C4 plants in the vegetation (%C4) based on the δ13CSOC data reflects a similar distribution of C4 plants in the surface vegetation and the pollen assemblage. The δ13Cbc values have a strong positive correlation with δ13Csoc values, and their difference (Δ13CSOc‐bc) is in the low range. These data indicate that δ13Cbc and δ13Csoc have very similar characteristics. Surface soil δ13Cbc values can indicate surface vegetation as effectively as δ13CSOC values, and the δ13Cbc proxy can be used effectively in paleovegetational research in the northern slope of Qinling Mountains.
Management Influence on Investors: Evidence from Shareholder Votes on the Frequency of Say on Pay
Authors: Ferri Fabrizio , Oesch David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe literature on shareholder voting has mostly focused on the influence of proxy advisors on shareholder votes. We exploit a unique empirical setting enabling us to provide a direct estimate of management's influence. Analyzing shareholder votes on the frequency of future say on pay (SOP) votes, we find that a management recommendation for a particular frequency is associated with a 26 percent increase in voting support for that frequency. Additional tests suggest that the documented association is likely to capture a causal effect. Management influence varies across firms and is smaller at firms where perceived management credibility is lower. Compared to firms adopting an annual frequency, firms following management's recommendation to adopt a triennial frequency are significantly less likely to change their compensation practices in response to an adverse SOP vote, consistent with the notion that a less frequent vote results in lower management accountability.
Accounting Comparability and Economic Outcomes of Mandatory IFRS Adoption
Authors: Neel Michael 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study examines the associations between four economic outcomes of the 2005 mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and concurrent changes in two important accounting constructs, accounting comparability and reporting quality. My primary purpose is to evaluate the relative importance of cross‐country accounting comparability and firm‐specific reporting quality in explaining previously documented increases in Tobin's Q, stock liquidity, analyst forecast accuracy, and analyst forecast agreement following IFRS adoption. Given that improvements in both comparability and reporting quality are primary stated objectives of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), it is important to understand their relative roles in shaping the information environment of financial statement users following IFRS adoption. Using 1,861 first‐time adopters in 23 countries, I find that firms with a larger improvement in comparability have larger increases in Q, liquidity, forecast accuracy, and forecast agreement following adoption, relative to other adopters. In contrast, improvements in reporting quality around adoption appear to have only a second‐order effect that is generally limited to Q effects among those adopters with concurrent improvements in comparability. These results are robust to alternative design and variable specifications. Finally, I continue to find these results for samples restricted to countries with weaker pre‐adoption institutional environments and countries that did not initiate proactive financial statement reviews, indicating that strong institutions and regulatory improvements are not driving the results. Overall, my results suggest that improvements in cross‐country accounting comparability played an important role in the previously documented economic benefits that accrued to 2005 mandatory IFRS adopters.
Mathematical Modeling of the Biomarker Milieu to Characterize Preterm Birth and Predict Adverse Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Cordeiro Christina N. , Savva Yulia , Vaidya Dhananjay , Argani Cynthia H. , Hong Xiumei , Wang Xiaobin , Burd Irina 
Published: February 2016

ProblemTo identify preterm neonates at risk for adverse neonatal outcomes.Method of StudyA nested case–control study from the prospectively followed Boston Birth Cohort of mother–neonate pairs was performed. A classification model for preterm‐born neonates was derived from 27 cord blood biomarkers using orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis. Predictive relationships were made between biomarkers and adverse outcomes using logistic regression.ResultsFrom 926 births (53% of which were preterm), using weighted values for 27 biomarkers, a score was created that classified 73% of preterm deliveries. Soluble TNF‐R1, NT‐3, MCP‐1, BDNF, IL‐4, MMP‐9, TREM‐1, TNF‐α, IL‐5 and IL‐10 were most influential. Our model was more sensitive for birth <34 weeks (sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 76.9%). IL‐10, TNF‐α, BDNF, NT‐3, MMP‐9, sTNF‐R1 and MCP‐1 were significantly predictive of NEC, IVH, sepsis and infections.ConclusionWe developed a novel mathematical model of 27 biomarkers associated with adverse neonatal outcomes in neonates born preterm.
Ocular blood flow in glaucoma – the Leuven Eye Study
Authors: Abegão Pinto Luís , Willekens Koen , Van Keer Karel , Shibesh Abraham , Molenberghs Geert , Vandewalle Evelien , Stalmans Ingeborg 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeElevated intra‐ocular pressure (IOP) has been identified as a major risk factor for glaucoma. Additionally, extensive literature depicts a vascular dysfunction to exist in these patients. However, a large ocular blood flow‐oriented trial to integrate these findings in the clinical setting is lacking. This study would likely help to identify which of these vascular data can be used as a clinical tool for screening and disease stratification.MethodProspective, cross‐sectional, case–control hospital‐based study. Patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG), normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG), ocular hypertension (OHT), glaucoma suspects and healthy volunteers were recruited. In addition to a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, a vascular‐oriented questionnaire was completed and ocular blood flow assessment (colour Doppler imaging of retrobulbar vessels, retinal oximetry, dynamic contour tonometry, optical coherent tomography enhanced‐depth imaging of the choroid) were performed. Statistical analysis was based on multiple imputation to account for missingness.ResultsA total of 614 subjects (291 males) were recruited between March and December 2013 (POAG: 214, NTG: 192; OHT: 27; glaucoma suspect: 41; healthy controls: 140). Glaucoma groups (NTG and POAG) were age and gender matched with the control group (p > 0.05). Glaucoma groups were paired in terms of functional and structural parameters (p > 0.08). Mean ocular perfusion pressure was higher in the glaucoma groups than in controls (p < 0.001). Glaucoma groups had lower retrobulbar velocities, higher retinal venous saturation and choroidal thickness asymmetries when compared to the healthy group, in line with the current literature.ConclusionsThe Leuven Eye Study stands as one of the largest clinical trials on ocular blood flow in glaucoma. The creation of this vast database may help integrate the vascular aspects of glaucoma into the clinical practice of glaucoma.
High‐resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for anterior scleral inflammatory disease
Authors: Zur Dinah , Neudorfer Meira , Shulman Shiri , Rosenblatt Amir , Habot‐Wilner Zohar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo study high‐resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) findings in anterior scleral inflammatory disease and evaluate the efficacy of high‐resolution UBM as an adjunctive diagnostic tool.MethodsA cross‐sectional study. The medical records of 30 patients (33 eyes) with episcleritis or anterior scleritis were reviewed for clinical features and high‐resolution UBM findings. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination was performed using 50 MHz Aviso S (Quantel Medical, Clermont‐Ferrand, France).ResultsSeventeen eyes had episcleritis [nodular (12), simple (five)], and 16 eyes had anterior scleritis [nodular (14), diffuse (two)] as classified by UBM. The use of high‐resolution UBM allowed high‐resolution imaging of the sclera and episclera and showed characteristic patterns of episcleritis and anterior scleritis. The clinical classification matched UBM findings in 25 (76%) eyes. In the other eight eyes (24%), UBM analysis led to a change in the final classification: four eyes with suspected episcleritis were classified with scleritis, and four eyes with suspected scleritis were classified with episcleritis. Eleven patients (36.7%) had an associated systemic disease.ConclusionHigh‐resolution UBM enabled visualization of distinct imaging findings of episcleritis and anterior scleritis, indicating its usefulness in the classification of challenging cases of anterior scleral inflammatory disease.
Relapse after withdrawal from anti‐TNF therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: an observational study, plus systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kennedy N. A. , Warner B. , Johnston E. L. , Flanders L. , Hendy P. , Ding N. S. , Harris R. , Fadra A. S. , Basquill C. , Lamb C. A. , Cameron F. L. , Murray C. D. , Parkes M. , Gooding I. , Ahmad T. , Gaya D. R. , Mann S. , Lindsay J. O. , Gordon J. , Satsangi J. , Hart A. , McCartney S. , Irving P. ,   UK Anti‐TNF withdrawal study group, Lees C. W. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundInfliximab and adalimumab have established roles in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy. UK regulators mandate reassessment after 12 months' anti‐TNF therapy for IBD, with consideration of treatment withdrawal. There is a need for more data to establish the relapse rates following treatment cessation.AimTo establish outcomes following anti‐TNF withdrawal for sustained remission using new data from a large UK cohort, and assimilation of all available literature for systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed on 166 patients with IBD (146 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 20 with ulcerative colitis [UC) and IBD unclassified (IBDU)] withdrawn from anti‐TNF for sustained remission. Meta‐analysis was undertaken of all published studies incorporating 11 further cohorts totalling 746 patients (624 CD, 122 UC).ResultsRelapse rates in the UK cohort were 36% by 1 year and 56% by 2 years for CD, and 42% by 1 year and 47% by 2 years for UC/IBDU. Increased relapse risk in CD was associated with age at diagnosis [hazard ratio (HR) 2.78 for age <22 years], white cell count (HR 3.22 for >5.25 × 109/L) and faecal calprotectin (HR 2.95 for >50 μg/g) at drug withdrawal. Neither continued immunomodulators nor endoscopic remission were predictors. In the meta‐analysis, estimated 1‐year relapse rates were 39% and 35% for CD and UC/IBDU respectively. Retreatment with anti‐TNF was successful in 88% for CD and 76% UC/IBDU.ConclusionsAssimilation of all available data reveals remarkable homogeneity. Approximately one‐third of patients with IBD flare within 12 months of withdrawal of anti‐TNF therapy for sustained remission.
The Effect of Infancy Childcare Center Use and Maternal Employment on Toddlers’ Language Development in South Korea
Authors: Ahn Jaejin , Yoo Joan P. 
Published: February 2016

Using first to fourth wave data of the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC), this study explores the effects of childcare center use, maternal employment, and other child and familial characteristics on the language development of toddlers in Korea. Among the 2078 families with children in thePSKC, those who completed the Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test at the fourth wave were selected, and a small number of disabled or prematurely born children were excluded. In addition, to clarify the effects of maternal employment, families with mothers who were either employed or unemployed for three consecutive years during the child's infancy were selected. Regression analysis showed that neither childcare center use nor maternal employment during infancy had significant effects on toddlers’ expressive and receptive vocabulary at the fourth wave. Family characteristics, such as household poverty and maternal education level, as well as child characteristics, such as gender and birth order, had significant effects on expressed vocabulary. However, only children's gender significantly affected the receptive vocabulary level of toddlers.
A behavioural approach to helping an older adult with a learning disability and mild cognitive impairment overcome depression
Authors: Green Paul 
Published: February 2016

Accessible summary

Older people with learning disabilities who develop memory problems are likely to feel sad.

There is much information showing how people with learning disabilities can learn new behaviours which help them to think differently and feel better.

This is the story of how I helped one older man with learning disabilities and memory problems to change how he was behaving and feel happier.

AbstractBackground: There is a considerable body of evidence to suggest that behavioural activation for depression is an equally effective but less complex treatment than cognitive behavioural therapy. It may therefore be more suitable for those who are cognitively impaired (i.e. early‐stage dementia or mild cognitive impairment) or have a learning disability.Materials and Methods: A case study is presented that outlines how a behavioural approach was used to support an older adult with a learning disability and mild cognitive impairment who was depressed. It was delivered by the carer liaison practitioner employed by a memory service.Results: The client's score on the GDS‐LD reduced from 23 to 5 and on the GAS‐ID from 19 to 11 indicating a clinically significant improvement in his symptoms of depression and anxiety at post‐treatment. Mood ratings on the Ottawa Mood Scales rose from 2/10 to 7/10. Increased engagement in activities and an improvement in the client's problem‐solving abilities were evident.Conclusions: The case study demonstrates the clinical utility of behavioural activation as a treatment for depression in an older adult with a learning disability and mild cognitive impairment. This matches the findings of other studies of behavioural activation as an intervention to treat depression in older adults. However, the client did not have a formal diagnosis of learning disability and may therefore be atypical. More comprehensive studies, including randomised controlled trials, are needed to confirm these findings and more thoroughly test the effectiveness of behavioural interventions with this client group.
Therapeutic time window for angiotensin‐(1–7) in acute lung injury
Authors: Supé Stefanie , Kohse Franziska , Gembardt Florian , Kuebler Wolfgang M , Walther Thomas 
Published: February 2016

Background and PurposeThere is presently no proven pharmacological therapy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Recently, we and others discovered that the heptapeptide angiotensin‐(1–7) [Ang‐(1–7)] shows significant beneficial effects in preclinical models of acute lung injury (ALI). Here, we aimed to identify the best time window for Ang‐(1–7) administration to protect rats from oleic acid (OA) induced ALI.Experimental ApproachThe effects of i.v. infused Ang‐(1–7) were examined over four different time windows before or after induction of ALI in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Haemodynamic effects were continuously monitored, and loss of barrier function, inflammation and lung peptidase activities were measured as experimental endpoints.Key ResultsAng‐(1–7) infusion provided the best protection against experimental ALI when administered by continuous infusion starting immediately after 30 min OA infusion till the end of the experiment (30–240 min). Both pretreatment (−60 to 0 min before OA) and short‐term therapy (30–90 min) also had beneficial effects although less pronounced than the effects achieved with the optimal therapy window. Starting infusion of Ang‐(1–7) 60 min after the end of OA treatment (90–240 min) did not protect barrier function or haemodynamics but still reduced myeloperoxidase activity and increased ACE2/ACE activity ratio respectively.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings indicate that early initiation of therapy after ALI and continuous drug delivery are most beneficial for optimal therapeutic efficiency of Ang‐(1–7) treatment in experimental ALI and, presumably accordingly, in clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome.
New use for an old drug: COX‐independent anti‐inflammatory effects of sulindac in models of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Rocca Jérémy , Manin Sylvie , Hulin Anne , Aissat Abdel , Verbecq‐Morlot Wilfried , Prulière‐Escabasse Virginie , Wohlhuter‐Haddad Adeline , Epaud Ralph , Fanen Pascale , Tarze Agathe 
Published: February 2016

Background and PurposePulmonary disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients due to exacerbated inflammation. To date, the only anti‐inflammatory drug available to CF patients is high‐dose ibuprofen, which can slow pulmonary disease progression, but whose cyclooxygenase‐dependent digestive adverse effects limit its clinical use. Here we have tested sulindac, another non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug with an undefined anti‐inflammatory effect in CF airway epithelial cells.Experimental ApproachUsing in vitro and in vivo models, we NF‐κB activity and IL‐8 secretion. In HeLa‐F508del cells, we performed luciferase reporter gene assays in order to measure i) IL‐8 promoter activity, and ii) the activity of synthetic promoter containing NF‐κB responsive elements. We quantified IL‐8 secretion in airway epithelial CFBE cells cultured at an air‐liquid interface and in a mouse model of CF.Key ResultsSulindac inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF‐κB and decreased IL‐8 transcription and secretion in TNF‐α stimulated CF cells via a cyclooxygenase‐independent mechanism. This effect was confirmed in vivo in a mouse model of CF induced by intra‐tracheal instillation of LPS, with a significant decrease of the induction of mRNA for MIP‐2, following treatment with sulindac.Conclusion and ImplicationsOverall, sulindac decrease lung inflammation by a mechanism independent of cycolooxygenase. This drug could be beneficially employed in CF.
Executive Function in Previously Institutionalized Children
Authors: Merz Emily C. , Harlé Katia M. , Noble Kimberly G. , McCall Robert B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn studies of children adopted from institutions, early institutionalization has been associated consistently with an increased risk of persistent cognitive, academic, and social‐emotional problems. These findings raise questions about the neurocognitive mechanisms that contribute to these negative outcomes. Theory and models based on studies of animals indicate that development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and executive function (EF) may be particularly susceptible to environmental influences during early childhood. In this article, we review recent studies of postinstitutionalized children that examined EF components such as inhibitory control, working memory, shifting, and planning. We then describe emerging research on the structure and function of the PFC. Converging evidence suggests both EF difficulties and alterations in development of the PFC following early institutionalization. We conclude by discussing possible explanations for these findings and implications for prevention and intervention, and by offering suggestions for ongoing research.