bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher temperatures during development reduce body size in the zebra finch in the laboratory and in the wild
Authors: Andrew S. C. , Hurley L. L. , Mariette M. M. , Griffith S. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe most commonly documented morphological response across many taxa to climatic variation across their range follows Bergmann's rule, which predicts larger body size in colder climates. In observational data from wild zebra finches breeding across a range of temperatures in the spring and summer, we show that this relationship appears to be driven by the negative effect of high temperatures during development. This idea was then experimentally tested on zebra finches breeding in temperature‐controlled climates in the laboratory. These experiments confirmed that those individualso produced in a hot environment (30 °C) were smaller than those produced in cool conditions (18 °C). Our results suggest a proximate causal link between temperature and body size and suggest that a hotter climate during breeding periods could drive significant changes in morphology within and between populations. This effect could account for much of the variation in body size that drives the well‐observed patterns first described by Bergmann and that is still largely attributed to selection on adult body size during cold winters. The climate‐dependent developmental plasticity that we have demonstrated is an important component in understanding how endotherms may be affected by climate change.
Evolutionary emergence and maintenance of horizontally transmitted mutualism that do not rely on the supply of standing variation in symbiont quality
Authors: Uchiumi Y. , Ohtsuki H. , Sasaki A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMutualism based on reciprocal exchange of costly services must avoid exploitation by ‘free‐rides’. Accordingly, hosts discriminate against free‐riding symbionts in many mutualistic relationships. However, as the selective advantage of discriminators comes from the presence of variability in symbiont quality that they eliminate, discrimination and thus mutualism have been considered to be maintained with exogenous supply of free‐riders. In this study, we tried to resolve the ‘paradoxical’ co‐evolution of discrimination by hosts and cooperation by symbionts, by comparing two different types of discrimination: ‘one‐shot’ discrimination, where a host does not reacquire new symbionts after evicting free‐riders, and ‘resampling’ discrimination, where a host does from the environment. Our study shows that this apparently minor difference in discrimination types leads to qualitatively different evolutionary outcomes. First, although it has been usually considered that the benefit of discriminators is derived from the variability of symbiont quality, the benefit of a certain type of discriminators (e.g. one‐shot discrimination) is proportional to the frequency of free‐riders, which is in stark contrast to the case of resampling discrimination. As a result, one‐shot discriminators can invade the free‐rider/nondiscriminator population, even if standing variation for symbiont quality is absent. Second, our one‐shot discriminators can also be maintained without exogenous supply of free‐riders and hence is free from the paradox of discrimination. Therefore, our result indicates that the paradox is not a common feature of evolution of discrimination but is a problem of specific types of discrimination.
Effect of thermal pretreatments and cooking characteristics on physicochemical, rheological, and sensorial properties of food products based on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Vega Oscar , Carvajal Luz Marina , Rodríguez Faber , Marín María Clara , Ramírez Cristian , Simpson Ricardo , Valdenegro Mónika 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of this work was to develop, characterize and standardize four food products using cassava: cassava cake, dessert, ice cream, and a milk drink, evaluating the effect of cooking on quality. The methodology included the food handling and processing of the cassava products and the performance of textural, rheological, nutritional, and sensory studies of the final products. The sensory panel favorably rated all foods. All of the products developed received high acceptability scores from the sensory panel. The apparent viscosity of the beverage increased over time, whereas the firmness of the ice cream bar and the firmness of the cassava cake did not significantly change during the observation period. The sensory analysis identified typical descriptors for each food. We concluded that cassava is a functional raw material, which combined with other additives, conserves their properties, and is ideal for preparing bakery products, flavored beverages, and ice cream.Practical applicationsIn this study, four different food processing alternatives by cassava were performed by the community support of rural women from the village of Lebanon Township Andes, west of the Department of Antioquia in Colombia. Process lines were established for foods made from cassava, for its standardization and incorporation of processing of tubers in diet of the indigenous population of Colombia. Subsequent to this stage, the food obtained was evaluated physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory. It is important that research projects support the rural entrepreneurial units to strengthen the food security in the region as well as to improve the quality of life through the commercialization of new products. This research may contribute with strategy for the development and utilization of cassava and cassava products that can provide incentives for farmers, crop vendors and food processors to increase their incomes, and it can also provide food security for households producing and consuming this foods.
Association Between Race, Neighborhood, and Medicaid Enrollment and Outcomes in Medicare Home Health Care
Authors: Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Chen Lena M. , Zuckerman Rachael , Epstein Arnold M. 
Published: October 2017

Background/ObjectivesMore than 3 million Medicare beneficiaries use home health care annually, yet little is known about how vulnerable beneficiaries fare in the home health setting. This is particularly important given the recent launch of Medicare's Home Health Value‐Based Purchasing model. The objective of this study was to determine odds of adverse clinical outcomes associated with dual enrollment in Medicaid and Medicare as a marker of individual poverty, residence in a low‐income ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA), and black race.DesignRetrospective observational study using individuals‐level logistic regression.SettingHome health care.ParticipantsFee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries from 2012 to 2014.MeasurementsThirty‐ and 60‐day clinical outcomes, including readmissions, admissions, and emergency department (ED) use.ResultsHome health agencies serving a high proportion of dually enrolled, low‐income ZCTA, or black beneficiaries were less often high‐quality. Dually‐enrolled, low‐income ZCTA, and Black beneficiaries receiving home health care after hospitalization had higher risk‐adjusted odds of 30‐day readmission (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, P < 0.001; OR = 1.03, P < 0.001; and OR = 1.02, P = 0.002 respectively) and 30‐day ED use (OR = 1.20, 1.07, and 1.15, P < 0.001 for each). Those receiving home health care without preceding hospitalization had higher 60‐day admission (OR = 1.06, P < 0.001; OR = 1.01, P = 0.002; and OR = 1.05, P < 0.001), and 60‐day ED use (OR = 1.16, 1.03, and 1.19, P < 0.001 for each). Differences were primarily within agencies rather than between the agencies where these beneficiaries sought care.ConclusionMedicare beneficiaries receiving home health services who are dually enrolled, live in a low‐income neighborhood, or are black have higher rates of adverse clinical outcomes. These populations may be an important target for quality improvement under Home Health Value‐Based Purchasing.
Migration and agrarian transformation in Indigenous Mexico
Authors: Robson James , Klooster Daniel , Worthen Holly , Hernández‐Díaz Jorge 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMigration is of particular concern to Indigenous peoples and communities. It physically separates those who migrate from the land upon which collective processes of labour and ritual practice are often based, it affects congruence between individual and collective rationality (as migrants make the choice to maintain or relinquish community membership), and it robs communities of the adult residents who can be essential for projects of collective action. Using the concept of comunalidad, created by Indigenous intellectuals in Oaxaca, Mexico to analyse the importance of alternative practices surrounding land, labour, governance, and ritual found in the region, we show that while Indigenous villages are profoundly affected by different forms of migration, migration itself is not necessarily a “death knell” for Indigenous peasants. We argue that communities struggle—often successfully—to find ways to evolve and reconfigure themselves economically and politically, incorporating migration into the fabric of their daily lives and organizational structures. To make this argument, we draw on ethnographic research conducted with Indigenous Oaxacan transnational communities, both in the United States and Mexico.
Temporal brow lift vs internal browpexy in females undergoing upper blepharoplasty: Effects on lateral brow lifting
Authors: Zandi Alireza , Ranjbar‐Omidi Behzad , Pourazizi Mohsen 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundLateral brow‐lifting surgical procedures in conjunction with upper blepharoplasty may prevent secondary descent following upper blepharoplasty.ObjectiveTo compare the results of internal browpexy (IBP) and temporal brow lift (TBL) in patients with dermatochalasis undergoing simultaneous upper blepharoplasty.MethodsThis study was a single‐center, parallel‐group randomized controlled trial conducted on 32 female patients suitable for upper blepharoplasty. Patients were divided into two groups: the IBP group and the TBL group. The brow lift was measured using change in the distance between the ala nasi and lateral tail of the eyebrow as nasal ala to lateral brow (NALB) in millimeter (mm), and the vertical line between the lateral tail of eyebrow and horizontal line extending the lateral cantus as lateral brow plump line (LBPL) in mm before and after the surgery. The follow‐up time was 6 months.ResultsThe mean ± SD age of patients was 55.93 ± 7.1 years and 53.94 ± 7.7 years in the TBL and IBP groups, respectively (P > .05). No significant change in mean LBPL at 6 months compared to baseline was observed in the TBL group (baseline: 15.7 ± 1.6 mm vs 6 month: 15.8 ± 1.3 mm; P = .602). In the IBP group, a significant increase in mean LBPL at 6 months compared to baseline was observed (baseline: 15.09 ± 2.13 mm vs 6 months: 17. 43 ± 2.68 mm; P < .001).ConclusionsInternal browpexy combined with blepharoplasty could be considered the better procedure in patients with upper eyelid dermatochalasis in terms of long‐lasting stability and lateral brow elevation.
Spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage in the third trimester of pregnancy: Clinical suspicion made the difference
Authors: Hamadeh Sameer , Addas Bishr , Hamadeh Nasreen , Rahman Jessica 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA case of spontaneous hemoperitoneum resulting from ruptured vessels in the uterine–ovarian plexus, in the third trimester of pregnancy is described. This is a rare and challenging obstetric emergency. Acute abdominal pain is the main presenting symptom. Clinical suspicion and rapid intervention consisting of emergency cesarean section with ligation of bleeding vessels resulted in favorable outcomes for both mother and baby. The importance of prompt action in the case of deteriorating vital signs is emphasized to achieve success in their management.
Occurrence of graft‐versus‐host disease increases mortality after umbilical cord blood transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia: a report from Eurocord and the ALWP of the EBMT
Authors: Baron F. , Ruggeri A. , Beohou E. , Labopin M. , Mohty M. , Sanz J. , Vigouroux S. , Furst S. , Bosi A. , Chevallier P. , Cornelissen J. J. , Michallet M. , Sierra J. , Karakasis D. , Savani B. N. , Gluckman E. , Nagler A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) as treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) relies on immune‐mediated graft‐versus‐leukaemia effects. Previous studies have suggested a strong association between graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) occurrence and graft‐versus‐leukaemia effects after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.MethodsHere, we evaluated the kinetics of relapse rate in correlation with GVHD occurrence after UCBT. The kinetics of relapse rate over time in correlation to GVHD occurrence were assessed by calculating the relapse rate per patient‐year within sequential 90‐day intervals. The impact of GVHD on relapse and mortality was further studied in multivariate Cox models handling GVHD as a time‐dependent covariate.ResultsThe study included data from 1068 patients given single (n = 567) or double (n = 501) UCBT. The proportion of patients with grade II, III and IV acute GVHD was 20%, 7% and 4%, respectively. At 2 years, the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 42%, the cumulative incidence of relapse was 32%, and overall survival was 32% as well. Relapse rates declined gradually over time during the first 30 months after transplantation. There was a possible suggestion that grade II–IV acute (HR = 0.8, P = 0.1) and chronic (HR = 0.65, P = 0.1) GVHD decreased relapse risk. However, grade II–IV acute GVHD significantly increased early (the first 18 months after UCBT) mortality (HR = 1.3, P = 0.02), whilst chronic GVHD increased each early (HR = 2.7, P < 0.001) and late (HR = 4.9, P < 0.001) mortality after UCBT.ConclusionsThe occurrence of grade II–IV acute or chronic GVHD each increases overall mortality after UCBT for AML mitigating the possible graft‐versus‐leukemia effect of GVHD.
Knowledge Worker Mobility in Context: Pushing the Boundaries of Theory and Methods
Authors: Wright Mike , Tartari Valentina , Huang Kenneth G. , Di Lorenzo Francesco , Bercovitz Janet 
Published: October 2017

AbstractScholars are paying more attention to knowledge workers (KW) as they gain importance in the knowledge‐based economy. Knowledge worker mobility (KWM) can involve various forms of employee and entrepreneurial movements: the transfer of employees from one organization to another either through locational movement or through a change in ownership, the transfer of employees within the same organization but in different units and/or geographies, and the spinning off by employees into new ventures. KWM spans a variety of different contexts which have rarely been explored in prior research. We focus on advancing our understanding of KWM in context, pushing the boundaries of theory and methods by developing a framework focusing on five main contextual dimensions: organizational context and roles, geographical and spatial context, social context and teams, institutional and cultural norms, and temporal dynamics. We summarize the papers presented in the special issue and also identify an agenda for further research.
Effect of crumb cellular structure characterized by image analysis on cake softness
Authors: Dewaest Marine , Villemejane Cindy , Berland Sophie , Neron Stéphane , Clement Jérôme , Verel Aliette , Michon Camille 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSponge cake is a cereal product characterized by an aerated crumb and appreciated for its softness. When formulating such product, it is interesting to be able to characterize the crumb structure using image analysis and to bring knowledge about the effects of the crumb cellular structure on its mechanical properties which contribute to softness. An image analysis method based on mathematical morphology was adapted from the one developed for bread crumb. In order to evaluate its ability to discriminate cellular structures, series of cakes were prepared using two rather similar emulsifiers but also using flours with different aging times before use. The mechanical properties of the crumbs of these different cakes were also characterized. It allowed a cell structure classification taking into account cell size and homogeneity, but also cell wall thickness and the number of holes in the walls. Interestingly, the cellular structure differences had a larger impact on the aerated crumb Young modulus than the wall firmness. Increasing the aging time of flour before use leads to the production of firmer crumbs due to coarser and inhomogeneous cellular structures. Changing the composition of the emulsifier may change the cellular structure and, depending on the type of the structural changes, have an impact on the firmness of the crumb.Practical applicationsCellular structure rather than cell wall firmness was found to impact cake crumb firmness. The new fast and automated tool for cake crumb structure analysis allows detecting quickly any change in cell size or homogeneity but also cell wall thickness and number of holes in the walls (openness degree). To obtain a softer crumb, it seems that options are to decrease the cell size and the cell wall thickness and/or to increase the openness degree. It is then possible to easily evaluate the effects of ingredients (flour composition, emulsifier …) or change in the process on the crumb structure and thus its softness. Moreover, this image analysis is a very efficient tool for quality control.
Kv7 potassium channels as signal transduction intermediates in the control of microvascular tone
Authors: Byron Kenneth L. , Brueggemann Lyubov I. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPotassium channels are recognized as important regulators of cellular functions in most, if not all cell types. These cellular proteins assemble to form gated pores in the plasma membrane, which serve to regulate the flow of potassium ions (K+) from the cytosol to the extracellular space. In VSMCs, the open state of potassium channels enables the efflux of K+ and thereby establishes a negative resting voltage across the plasma membrane that inhibits the opening of VSCCs. Under these conditions, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations are relatively low and Ca2+‐dependent contraction is inhibited. Recent research has identified Kv7 family potassium channels as important contributors to resting membrane voltage in VSMCs, with much of the research focusing on the effects of drugs that specifically activate or block these channels to produce corresponding effects on VSMC contraction and vascular tone. Increasingly, evidence is emerging that these channels are not just good drug targets—they are also essential intermediates in vascular signal transduction, mediating vasoconstrictor or vasodilator responses to a variety of physiological stimuli. This review will summarize recent research findings that support a crucial function of Kv7 channels in both positive (vasoconstrictive) and negative (vasorelaxant) regulation of microvascular tone.
Don’t let sleeping dogmas lie: new views of peptidoglycan synthesis and its regulation
Authors: Zhao Heng , Patel Vaidehi , Helmann John D. , Dörr Tobias 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBacterial cell wall synthesis is the target for some of our most powerful antibiotics and has thus been the subject of intense research focus for more than 50 years. Surprisingly, we still lack a fundamental understanding of how bacteria build, maintain and expand their cell wall. Due to technical limitations, directly testing hypotheses about the coordination and biochemistry of cell wall synthesis enzymes or architecture has been challenging, and interpretation of data has therefore often relied on circumstantial evidence and implicit assumptions. A number of recent papers have exploited new technologies, like single molecule tracking and real‐time, high resolution temporal mapping of cell wall synthesis processes, to address fundamental questions of bacterial cell wall biogenesis. The results have challenged established dogmas and it is therefore timely to integrate new data and old observations into a new model of cell wall biogenesis in rod‐shaped bacteria.
A mutation in an exoglucanase of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, which confers an endo mode of activity, affects bacterial virulence, but not the induction of immune responses, in rice
Authors: Tayi Lavanya , Kumar Sushil , Nathawat Rajkanwar , Haque Asfarul S. , Maku Roshan V. , Patel Hitendra Kumar , Sankaranarayanan Rajan , Sonti Ramesh V. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight, a serious disease of rice. Xoo secretes a repertoire of cell wall‐degrading enzymes, including cellulases, xylanases and pectinases, to degrade various polysaccharide components of the rice cell wall. A secreted Xoo cellulase, CbsA, is not only a key virulence factor of Xoo, but is also a potent inducer of innate immune responses of rice. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the CbsA protein to a resolution of 1.86 Å. The core structure of CbsA shows a central distorted TIM barrel made up of eight β strands with N‐ and C‐terminal loops enclosing the active site, which is a characteristic structural feature of an exoglucanase. The aspartic acid at the 131st position of CbsA was predicted to be important for catalysis and was therefore mutated to alanine to study its role in the catalysis and biological functions of CbsA. Intriguingly, the D131A CbsA mutant protein displayed the enzymatic activity of a typical endoglucanase. D131A CbsA was as proficient as wild‐type (Wt) CbsA in inducing rice immune responses, but was deficient in virulence‐promoting activity. This indicates that the specific exoglucanase activity of the Wt CbsA protein is required for this protein to promote the growth of Xoo in rice.
Brain processing of rectal sensation in adolescents with functional defecation disorders and healthy controls
Authors: Mugie S. M. , Koppen I. J. N. , van den Berg M. M. , Groot P. F. C. , Reneman L. , de Ruiter M. B. , Benninga M. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundDecreased sensation of urge to defecate is often reported by children with functional constipation (FC) and functional nonretentive fecal incontinence (FNRFI). The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate cerebral activity in response to rectal distension in adolescents with FC and FNRFI compared with healthy controls (HCs).MethodsWe included 15 adolescents with FC, 10 adolescents with FNRFI, and 15 young adult HCs. Rectal barostat was performed prior to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine individual pressure thresholds for urge sensation. Subjects received 2 sessions of 5 × 30 seconds of barostat stimulation during the acquisition of blood oxygenation level‐dependent fMRI. Functional magnetic resonance imaging signal differences were analyzed using SPM8 in Matlab.Key ResultsFunctional constipation and FNRFI patients had higher thresholds for urgency than HCs (P < .001). During rectal distension, FC patients showed activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal lobule, and putamen. No activations were observed in controls and FNRFI patients. Functional nonretentive fecal incontinence patients showed deactivation in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus (FFG), lingual gyrus, posterior parietal cortex, and precentral gyrus. In HCs, deactivated areas were detected in the hippocampus, amygdala, FFG, insula, thalamus, precuneus, and primary somatosensory cortex. In contrast, no regions with significant deactivation were detected in FC patients.Conclusions & InferencesChildren with FC differ from children with FNRFI and HCs with respect to patterns of cerebral activation and deactivation during rectal distension. Functional nonretentive fecal incontinence patients seem to resemble HCs when it comes to brain processing of rectal distension.