bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. inhibit growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of caries‐inducing Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Wasfi Reham , Abd El‐Rahman Ola A. , Zafer Mai M. , Ashour Hossam M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStreptococcus mutans contributes significantly to dental caries, which arises from homoeostasic imbalance between host and microbiota. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus sp. inhibits growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of Streptococcus mutans. Antibacterial (agar diffusion method) and antibiofilm (crystal violet assay) characteristics of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) were evaluated. We investigated whether Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 14917) or Lactobacillus salivarius (ATCC 11741) inhibit expression of Streptococcus mutans genes involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing or stress survival using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Growth changes (OD600) in the presence of pH‐neutralized, catalase‐treated or trypsin‐treated Lactobacillus sp. supernatants were assessed to identify roles of organic acids, peroxides and bacteriocin. Susceptibility testing indicated antibacterial (pH‐dependent) and antibiofilm activities of Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans. Scanning electron microscopy revealed reduction in microcolony formation and exopolysaccharide structural changes. Of the oral normal flora, L. salivarius exhibited the highest antibiofilm and peroxide‐dependent antimicrobial activities. All biofilm‐forming cells treated with Lactobacillus sp. supernatants showed reduced expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide production, acid tolerance and quorum sensing. Thus, Lactobacillus sp. can inhibit tooth decay by limiting growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans.
Failure of monotherapy in clinical practice in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Korean National Diabetes Program
Authors: Jeon Ja Young , Lee Soo Jin , Lee Sieun , Kim Soo Jin , Han Seung Jin , Kim Hae Jin , Kim Dae Jung , Kim Young Seol , Woo Jeong Taek , Ahn Kyu Jeung , Nam Moonsuk , Baik Sei Hyun , Park Yongsoo , Lee Kwan‐Woo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe investigated the failure of monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in real practice settings.Materials and MethodsThe Korean National Diabetes Program was a prospective, multicenter observational cohort study of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Korea. Of the 3,950 patients enrolled in the study, we studied 998 who were continuously maintained on monotherapy for at least 90 days at six participating centers. To balance the baseline characteristics of patients in each group, we used propensity matching at a 1:1 ratio (metformin vs sulfonylureas) and 4:1 ratio (metformin vs meglitinides and metformin vs alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors [aGIs]). The hazard ratios (HRs) of treatments (compared with metformin) were determined by Cox's proportional hazards regression modeling.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 56 months, and monotherapy failed in 45% of all patients. The annual incidences of failure were 15.6%, 21.3%, 27% and 9.6% in the metformin, sulfonylurea, meglitinide and aGI groups. Compared with metformin, sulfonylureas and meglitinides were associated with higher risks of monotherapy failure (HR 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.80; HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.13–3.27), and aGIs with risks similar to that of metformin (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.44–1.45). When analyzed by failure type, sulfonylureas, meglitinides and aGIs were associated with a higher risk of a switch to other agents (HR 4.43, 95% CI 2.14–9.17; HR 18.80, 95% CI 6.21–56.93; HR 4.25, 95% CI 1.49–12.13), and aGIs with a lower risk of prescription of add‐on second agents (HR 0.16, 95% CI 0.04–0.64).ConclusionsMetformin was associated with a lower failure risk than were sulfonylureas and meglitinides, but a comparable aGI failure rate.
Distribution and Processing of Eimeria nieschulziOWP13, a New Protein of the COWP Family
Authors: Wiedmer Stefanie , Buder Ulrike , Bleischwitz Sinja , Kurth Michael 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEimeria species are important veterinary coccidian parasites and are transmitted between hosts via oocysts. The infectious sporozoites are protected by the oocyst and sporocyst wall. Tyrosine‐rich proteins are well‐known components of the Eimeria oocyst wall. Recently, cysteine motif containing proteins (COWP family), as described in Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium spp., have also been characterized in Eimeria. Here, we identified a novel COWP‐related protein, EnOWP13, and tracked it via transfection technology in Eimeria nieschulzi. The subsequent analysis suggests that the mCherry‐tagged EnOWP13 localizes to the wall‐forming bodies I and the outer wall. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the distribution of wall‐forming bodies similar to avian Eimeria species and revealed that the wall‐forming bodies I show peroxidase activity. The EnOWP13 amino acid composition and FITC‐cadaverine‐positive wall‐forming bodies I suggest a participation of an enzyme with transglutaminase activity. This is the first description and characterization of this novel outer oocyst wall protein, which is also orthologous to other Eimeria species and Toxoplasma gondii, suggesting a new potential cross‐linking mechanism of wall‐forming proteins via isopeptide bonds.
Rapid detection and differentiation of carp oedema virus and cyprinid herpes virus‐3 in koi and common carp
Authors: Soliman H , El‐Matbouli M 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCarp oedema virus (CEV) and koi herpes virus (KHV) are of major concern to common carp breeders and koi enthusiasts worldwide. The viruses cause diseases that exhibit similar external signs; thus, it is difficult to distinguish between them clinically. In this study, we developed and optimized rapid and accurate single‐ and multiplex isothermal diagnostic tools, based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), for detection and differentiation of CEV and KHV. The assays were combined with a lateral flow dipstick to enable visual detection of amplification products and simplify post‐amplification analysis. Both CEV‐ and KHV‐RPA assays were specific for their target virus. The lower detection limits of the assays were similar to those of established diagnostic PCR tests for the viruses. A sample preparation method was optimized to eliminate the need for total DNA extraction from fish tissues. The estimated time to perform these RPA assays, from receiving the sample to having a result, is 50 min, compared to 10 and 7 hr for CEV‐ and KHV‐PCR tests, respectively. The assays can be performed in field situations to improve screening of fish and reduce spread of these viruses and thereby enhance the common carp and koi industries.
Evaluation of microbial quality of dried foods stored at different relative humidity and temperature, and effect of packaging methods
Authors: Hyun Jeong‐Eun , Kim Ju‐Hee , Choi Yun‐Sun , Kim Eun‐Mi , Kim Jong‐Chan , Lee Sun‐Young 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of relative humidity (RH) and temperature on microbial populations in dried foods (seaweed, kelp, and pumpkin) during storage. The products were stored at different RH (RH 50, 70, or 100%) and at 25 or 35°C for 15 days. Overall, populations of total mesophilic bacteria, Escherichia coli/coliform, and yeast/mold in dried seaweed, dried kelp, and dried pumpkin were higher at RH 90% than at RH of 50 or 70% after 15 days of storage at 25 or 35°C. Effects of packaging methods (open bag, closed bag, and airtight container) on microbial populations in dried pumpkin were also evaluated. At RH of 90% and 25 or 35°C, stored closed bags or airtight containers was effective at maintaining the initial levels of total mesophilic bacteria, E. coli/coliform, and yeast/mold in dried pumpkin after 15 days. Thus, microbial survival and growth depends on storage conditions including storage temperature, relative humidity, time, and packaging methods. These results could be used for developing safe storage conditions for dried foods.Practical applicationsThe result of this study could be used for improving the safety of dried foods with appropriate storage conditions.
Antibacterial activity of agar‐based films containing nisin, cinnamon EO, and ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Esmail , Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini Hamideh , Imani Fooladi Abbas Ali 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe antibacterial activity of six essential oils (peppermint, chamomile, cumin, tarragon, dill, and cinnamon) was tested against gram‐positive (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The cinnamon EO was selected for the preparation of active films. Twenty‐four active films were developed and tested against the foodborne pathogens. In the next study, antimicrobial films were prepared by incorporating nisin (100AU), cinnamon EO (0.6%), and ZnO NPs (10 mg/15 ml) into the agar‐based film and tested against seven strains of L. monocytogenes. The antibacterial activity of the bio‐nanocomposite was also examined on the population of pathogens which artificially are inoculated in‐depth of minced fish over 12 days. Results showed that cinnamon (CEO) had the highest antimicrobial activity. The results revealed that the blend films with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) + CEO were more effective against gram‐positive bacteria than gram‐negative bacteria. The strain‐specific variation was noticeable for seven tested strains of L. monocytogenes. The films containing nisin and the combination of nisin with ZnO NPs and CEO significantly inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes on the Tryptic soy agar‐NaCl model (p < .05). The results revealed a negligible effect of the active film in minced fish.Practical applicationsThis study developed and utilized antimicrobial nanocomposite films for controlling foodborne pathogens. The antibacterial activity of the active films on the surface of a food model showed that combining ZnO NPs, CEO, and nisin into agar films is a promising method to enhance the food safety.
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction detection of selected bacterial species from symptomatic and asymptomatic non‐vital teeth with primary endodontic infections
Authors: Pattanshetty Smita , Kotrashetti Vijayalakshmi S. , Bhat Kishore , Nayak Ramakant S. , Somannavar Pradeep , Pujar Madhu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of selective anaerobic microorganisms in primary root canal infections of symptomatic and asymptomatic non‐vital teeth with periapical pathosis using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.MethodsA total of 100 root canal samples (50 from symptomatic and 50 from asymptomatic teeth) were obtained from patients with primary endodontic infections. DNA extracted from the samples was amplified by using specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene of each bacterium, and semiquantification was done to analyze the prevalence of microorganisms and their correlation to clinical features.ResultsTreponema denticola (T. denticola) was present in 21 (42%) and 29 (58%) samples in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, respectively. Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) were significantly high (P < .05) in the symptomatic group, whereas Prevotella intermedia was significantly high (P < .05) in the asymptomatic group. The mean counts of T. denticola and F. nucleatum were significantly high (P < .05) in the symptomatic group. For symptoms, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and F. nucleatum were significantly associated with clinical features.ConclusionSignificant differences exist in the bacterial composition between asymptomatic and symptomatic primary endodontic infections. As well as presence of pathogens, other factors, such as the phenotypic trait of bacteria and interactions among bacterial members, might play a determining role in the pathogenicity of primary endodontic infections.
Night‐time care routine interaction and sleep disruption in adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Casida Jesus M , Davis Jean E , Zalewski Aaron , Yang James J 
Published: January 2018

Aims and ObjectivesTo explore the context and the influence of night‐time care routine interactions (NCRIs) on night‐time sleep effectiveness (NSE) and daytime sleepiness (DSS) of patients in the cardiac surgery critical‐care and progressive‐care units of a hospital.BackgroundThere exists a paucity of empirical data regarding the influence of NCRIs on sleep and associated outcomes in hospitalised adult cardiac surgery patients.MethodsAn exploratory repeated‐measures research design was employed on the data provided by 38 elective cardiac surgery patients (mean age 60.0 ± 15.9 years). NCRI forms were completed by the bedside nurses and patients completed a 9‐item Visual Analogue Sleep Scale (100‐mm horizontal lines measuring NSE and DSS variables). All data were collected during postoperative nights/days (PON/POD) 1 through 5 and analysed with IBM SPSS software.ResultsPatient assessment, medication administration and laboratory/diagnostic procedures were the top three NCRIs reported between midnight and 6:00 a.m. During PON/POD 1 through 5, the respective mean NSE and DSS scores ranged from 52.9 ± 17.2 to 57.8 ± 13.5 and from 27.0 ± 22.6 to 45.6 ± 16.5. Repeated‐measures ANOVA showed significant changes in DSS scores (p < .05). NSE and DSS were negatively correlated (r = −.44, p < .05), but changes in NSE scores were not significant (p > .05). Finally, of 8 NCRIs, only 1 (postoperative exercises) was significantly related to sleep variables (r > .40, p < .05).Conclusion and relevance to clinical practiceFrequent NCRIs are a common occurrence in cardiac surgery units of a hospital. Further research is needed to make a definitive conclusion about the impact of NCRIs on sleep/sleep disruptions and daytime sleepiness in adult cardiac surgery. Worldwide, acute and critical‐care nurses are well positioned to lead initiatives aimed at improving sleep and clinical outcomes in cardiac surgery.
LINC00511 interacts with miR‐765 and modulates tongue squamous cell carcinoma progression by targeting LAMC2
Authors: Ding Junhai , Yang Changxi , Yang Sen 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundAimed at underlying the molecular regulatory mechanism and overall biological functions of LINC00511 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).MethodsThe expression level of LINC00511 was examined by QRT‐PCR. In particular, Tca‐8113 cell line was selected for subsequent experiments, in which the expression level of LINC00511 was the most significant. Meanwhile, the effects of LINC00511 on cells proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and invasion of TSCC cells were explored using RNA knockdown tools with CCK‐8, flow cytometry analysis, colony formation, and transwell assay. Further, bioinformatic analysis and the dual‐luciferase reporter assay both were conducted to invalidate the ceRNAs regulatory mechanism of LINC00511 in TSCC.ResultsLINC00511 was obviously upregulated in TSCC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, it was found that LINC00511 served as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) through sponging miR‐765 and ultimately modulated the derepression of laminin subunit gamma 2 (LAMC2). The inhibitory effects of miR‐765 on TSCC cells proliferation, invasion as well as cell cycle distribution can be restored by the ectopic overexpression of LINC00511. Additionally, the restored capacity of LINC00511 promoted the expression of LAMC2, which was a downstream target of miR‐765 and can be negatively regulated by miR‐765.ConclusionsA novel molecular axis of LINC00511/miR‐765/LAMC2 was investigated to regulate the tumor development of TSCC. LINC00511 promoted the expression of LAMC2 via the ceRNA mechanism of sponging miR‐765. The ceRNA regulatory network provided a novel understanding of TSCC pathogenesis and also shed light on exploiting the new field of lncRNA‐directed therapy against TSCC.
Entecavir and tenofovir reduce hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence more effectively than other antivirals
Authors: Cho H. , Ahn H. , Lee D. H. , Lee J.‐H. , Jung Y. J. , Chang Y. , Nam J. Y. , Cho Y. Y. , Lee D. H. , Cho E. J. , Yu S. J. , Lee J. M. , Kim Y. J. , Yoon J.‐H. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryNucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) have been shown to decrease the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence. This study evaluated whether high‐potency NAs (entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF]) reduce the risk of tumour recurrence more potently than low‐potency NAs after curative treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related HCC. This study included 607 consecutive HBV‐related HCC patients treated with surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation. The patients were categorized into three groups according to antiviral treatment: group A (no antiviral; n = 261), group B (low‐potency NA; n = 90) and group C (high‐potency NA; n = 256). The primary end‐point was recurrence‐free survival (RFS). During the duration of follow‐up, the median RFS was 29.4, 25.1, and 88.2 months in groups A, B and C, respectively (P < .001, log‐rank test). The multivariate Cox analysis indicated that group C had a significantly longer RFS than both group A (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39, P < .001) and group B (adjusted HR = 0.47, P < .001). When baseline characteristics were balanced using inverse probability weighting, group C still had a significantly longer RFS than group A (adjusted HR = 0.46, P < .001) and group B (adjusted HR = 0.59, P = .007). Group C had significantly lower risk of viral breakthrough than group B (HR = 0.19, P < .001). Viral breakthrough was an independent risk factor for shorter RFS among groups B and C (adjusted HR = 2.03, P = .007, time‐dependent Cox analysis). Antiviral agents with high genetic barrier to resistance (entecavir and TDF) reduced the risk of HCC recurrence compared with other antivirals and no antiviral treatment, especially in patients with high baseline viral load.
Directly observed therapy of chronic hepatitis C with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in people who inject drugs at risk of nonadherence to direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Schütz A. , Moser S. , Schwanke C. , Schubert R. , Luhn J. , Gutic E. , Lang T. , Schleicher M. , Haltmayer H. , Gschwantler M. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAn important subgroup of people who inject drugs (PWID) receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) cannot be treated in the setting of a hepatology centre and would not regularly ingest their medication when handed to them for self‐administration. Our hypothesis was that chronic hepatitis C in these patients could be ideally managed if modern, interferon‐free regimens were administered together with OAT under direct observation of a physician or nurse at a low‐threshold facility. In this open‐label, noninterventional, proof‐of‐concept study (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02638233), 40 PWID at risk of nonadherence to direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) and previously untreated chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection without cirrhosis were treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for 8 weeks. Patients received antiviral treatment together with OAT under direct observation of a physician or nurse at a low‐threshold facility. By following the concept of directly observed therapy, excellent adherence to antiviral therapy was achieved as follows: only 0.16% (95% CI: 0.03‐0.47) of scheduled dates for ingestion of the antiviral therapy in combination with OAT were missed by the 40 patients. The rate of sustained virological response 12 weeks after end of therapy was 100% (95% CI: 91.2‐100.0). Between week 12 and week 24 of follow‐up reinfections were recorded in 2 of 40 patients (5%). Directly observed therapy of chronic hepatitis C is highly effective in PWID at risk of nonadherence to DAA. By this new concept, a group of difficult‐to‐treat patients can be cured, who could not have been treated in settings of studies published so far.
Deep sequencing shows low‐level oncogenic hepatitis B virus variants persists post–liver transplant despite potent anti‐HBV prophylaxis
Authors: Lau K. C. K. , Osiowy C. , Giles E. , Lusina B. , van Marle G. , Burak K. W. , Coffin C. S. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryRecent studies suggest that withdrawal of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) prophylaxis may be considered in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative liver transplant (LT) recipients with a low risk of disease recurrence. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection (OBI) and HBV variants after LT in the current era of potent NA therapy is unknown. Twelve LT recipients on prophylaxis were tested in matched plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for HBV quasispecies by in‐house nested PCR and next‐generation sequencing of amplicons. HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) was detected in Hirt DNA isolated from PBMCs with cccDNA‐specific primers and confirmed by nucleic acid hybridization and Sanger sequencing. HBV mRNA in PBMC was detected with reverse‐transcriptase nested PCR. In LT recipients on immunosuppressive therapy (10/12 male; median age 57.5 [IQR: 39.8‐66.5]; median follow‐up post‐LT 60 months; 6 pre‐LT hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]), 9 were HBsAg‐. HBV DNA was detected in all plasma and PBMC tested; cccDNA and/or mRNA was detected in the PBMC of 10/12 patients. Significant HBV quasispecies diversity (ie 143‐2212 nonredundant HBV species) was noted in both sites, and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with cirrhosis and HCC were detected at varying frequencies. In conclusion, OBI and HBV variants associated with severe liver disease persist in LT recipients on prophylaxis. Although HBV control and cccDNA transcriptional silencing may occur despite immunosuppression, complete virological eradication does not occur in LT recipients with a history of HBV‐related end‐stage liver disease.