bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Infill Drilling in Whicher Range Field in Australia
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Omar , Vimal Roy Aswin R. , Hossain Md Mofazzal , Kabir Akim H. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Now that most of the conventional reservoirs are being depleted at a rapid pace, the focus is on unconventional reservoirs like tight gas reservoirs. Due to the heterogeneous nature and low permeability of unconventional reservoirs, they require a huge number of wells to hit all the isolated hydrocarbon zones. Infill drilling is one of the most common and effective methods of increasing the recovery, by reducing the well spacing and increasing the sweep efficiency. However, the problem with drilling such a large number of wells is the determination of the optimum location for each well that ensures minimum interference between wells, and accelerates the recovery from the field. Detailed 3-D numerical reservoir modelling is the most trusted method to determine the optimum locations of the infill wells, but it is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, the industry is on the lookout for methods that are fast and effective. Over the last few decades, researcher have come up with techniques like moving window, rapid inversion, Infill Well Locator Calculator (IWLC) etc. for infill drilling optimization of tight resources.
In this paper reservoir simulation modelling was combined with the Moving Window Method (MWM) to develop an optimum infill-drilling plan for Whicher Range (WR) Tight-gas Field in Western Australia. The accuracy and effectiveness of developed optimum plan are justified through comparative studies using standard reservoir simulation model; which demonstrates that the proposed plan effectively predicts the optimum number of wells including the production rate of each wells similar to that obtained from standard reservoir simulation studies. It is also inferred that reservoir simulation combined with MWM requires less data and much simpler as well as faster compared to standard reservoir simulation for optimizing an infill drilling plan for alike of Whicher Range tight gas field.
Enhancement of Well Log Data Interpretation with Digital Rock Technology
Authors: Deshenenkov I. S. , Ayadiuno C. B. , MacPherson K. A. , Estevez Gonzalez J. A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT) allows visualization and quantification of pore space, minerals, and the calculation of rock properties at micron-scale. The technology is particularly useful in complex reservoirs where subtle changes in the fabric lead to variations in pore connectivity and fluid flow. Internal rock fabric and physical properties can be calculated with a relatively short turnaround time compared to conventional laboratory techniques.
In 2015, Saudi Aramco established a micro-CT laboratory within its Exploration Core Facility to test the feasibility of moving micro-CT analysis from "R&D" to "routine" operational support for exploration and development drilling programs. After the successful completion of this trial, Saudi Aramco is deploying into full production a digital rock physics laboratory utilizing state-of-the-art micro-CT equipment. The objective of this paper is to describe the establishment of the micro-CT lab, a workflow and its application for enhancement of well log data interpretation.
Digital rock physics is a multidisciplinary field that requires expertise in 3D imaging, image processing, numerical modeling, computational physics, and petrophysics. A typical workflow integrates micro-CT images, thin sections, mercury injection capillary pressure data, backscattered electron scanning electronic microscopy - energy dispersive spectroscopy results used for digital image analysis to characterize heterogeneities, pore classes, porosity types, mineralogy, and rock properties. Micro-CT images are acquired, processed, and analyzed with resolutions up to 2.5 microns.
The following study is focused on the characterization of isolated porosity in carbonates, where the fluids are isolated in moldic pores and may not be contacted by electrical currents of resistivity logging tools, making it difficult to consistently identify saturation. This can lead to erroneous hydrocarbon saturation estimates from wireline logs. Micro-CT analysis of the conductivity, cementation exponent, and formation resistivity factor provided constraints for the petrophysical input parameters of hydrocarbon saturation analysis. The micro-CT analysis of ten carbonate core plug samples resulted in an improved conductivity model that took into account electrical properties of the rock with isolated porosity. This provided a better match between oil saturation calculations from wireline logs and well tests/production data. Comparison of existing standard log analysis results with modified log-derived saturations from micro-CT analysis gave a more reliable estimate of hydrocarbon saturation.
Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) Methods and Production Enhancement Techniques for Shale & Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Hasan Muhammad , Eliebid Mohammed , Mahmoud Mohamed , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Shawabkeh Reyad 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Natural gas is one of the primary sources of energy. With conventional resources depleting and rising energy demands, the world is swiftly moving towards exploiting the indigenous unconventional resources. Unconventional resources refer to ultralow permeability reservoirs that include shale and tight gas systems. Tight gas systems may include sandstone and carbonate rocks which possess low permeability but shale systems possess permebailities in the order of nano-darcies. Challenges presented by these unconventional resources led to various production enhancement techniques and enhanced gas recovery (EGR) methods that have enabled an efficient and economic recovery from such resources.
This paper discusses the production enhancement techniques for shale and tight gas reservoirs such as hydraulic fracturing, CO2, sequestration, magnetic nano-particle technology for optimum fracture propagation, fracturing with dynamic loading or pneumatic fracturing, thermal (cryogenic) fracturing, mechanical cutting of the shale formation, enhanced bacterial methanogenesis and heating of the rock mass.
Further, CO2 Sequestration as an EGR method is discussed in detail as it is mutually beneficial for the enhancement of hydrocarbon production as well as environment to sequester CO2 reducing its harmful impact and contribution to global warming. A comparison of re-fracturing strategy with CO2 Sequestration has also been presented and thus a suitable strategy for the application of CO2 Sequestration is presented. An experimental analysis is also presented in the end to show the affinity of shales to methane, CO2 etc. Further, the validity of Langmuir's isotherm to model gas desorption phenomenon is also discussed with experimental investigation of CH4, CO2 and 10%CO2-90%CH4 mixture at 100°C and pressure up to 44 bar. The results showed that CO2 adsorption is 3.7 times CH4 adsorption.
Predicting the Flow ID of Water Injectors Identified with Obstruction in the Horizontal Section
Authors: Al-Ajmi Mohammed D. , Al-Nuaim Sami A. , Al-Hajri Nasser M. , Al-Hajri Muhammad A. , Al-Shammari Nayef S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper presents an automatic well performance method and advanced algorithm to estimate the size of any obstruction identified in the wellbore or in the horizontal wellbore section of injection wells. The advantageous feature of this analytical method is the ability to predict the size of obstruction without costly well intervention or injection shutdown. The method includes the determination of a calibrated well performance model with a simulated obstruction, using inflow performance and outflow performance relationships. The method calls for building the following two calibrated inflow performance models: a constant injectivity index model and a steady state Jushi model to take into account reservoir flow attributes such as permeability, anisotropy, and skin damage factor. On the other hand, the outflow performance model was constructed considering both gravitational and frictional pressure changes. Continuous surface flow measurements using Solar Flow Meter data were used to validate and calibrate the overall well performance model.
An iterative algorithm was developed to estimate the obstruction size and generate its performance curve using surface injection data and single-phase choke flow equation. This has enabled the simulation of downhole obstruction effect on well injectivity. This method was used in determining the obstruction size within the horizontal section. The algorithm and the process were validated using actual case study with horizontal water injection well known with obstruction and palnned for well intervention.
Consideration to Batch Mixing Time Improves API Recommendation for Testing Cement Slurries and Prevents Cement Failures: Lab Testing and Field Application
Authors: Al-Yami Abdullah S. , Wagle Vikrant , Mukherjee Tushar S. , Al-Badran Mohammad , Aljubran Mohammad 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Batch mixing of cement slurries is a common exercise in the drilling operations. To simulate cement pump-ability of the cement API procedure are followed for thickening time. However, API Procedure does not consider batch mixing time in thickening time tests which can cause catastrophic results ending with cement failures. The objective of this paper is to show the importance of adding adequate time to mix the cement slurry with no pressure and temperature simulating batch mixing to the API thickening time tests. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first study to investigate batch mixing time effect on cement thickening time.
Laboratory testing invariably follows the API procedure for thickening time and, although this may be adequate in most cases, it cannot universally predict field behavior. Recently, several gas well cementing operations did not perform successfully causing expensive remedial operations due to immature cement setting. Initial lab testing in cement labs has shown acceptable thickening time using API procedure prior to the job and after the failure. Including batch mixing time to the cement with no temperature and pressure shorten the thickening time from 7 hours to less than 3 hours. This is due to the sensitivity of some high temperature retarders to shear rate used in cementing gas wells. The short thickening time was also observed when using these chemicals with tap water which rules out any possible contamination or bacterial effect.
It is concluded from this study that adapting the batch mixing time into the API cementing procedure for all future wells will mitigate future cement failures. Future plan also will be to communicate with API committee to consider batch mixing time in cementing best practices.
Successful Coiled Tubing Milling Operation with Real Time Fiber Optic Downhole Pressure Monitoring and CCL Correlation: Case History
Authors: Ashby Scott , Hansen Jon , Alabdulmuhsin Ali , Al-Kulaib Hamad , Al-Atwi Mohammed , Shammari Nayef , Khan Faisal , Bastisya Muhammad Gusti , Cruickshank Doran 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper describes a coiled tubing milling operation using fiber optic enabled coiled tubing and downhole tools for real time depth control and downhole monitoring of critical parameters. A description of the technology used, the job design, tool selection and execution of the job, the challenges encountered during the operation and the successful outcome are presented and discussed in the paper. The case history presented in this paper marks the first time that this particular fiber optic technology had been applied during a milling job worldwide.
Coiled tubing milling operations can be challenging when precise depth measurement is critical. For the case history discussed in this paper the operator needed access to the production liner below the end of tubing with a BHA with a larger outside diameter than the inside diameter of the nipple installed in the tail pipe of the tubing. It was necessary to mill out this nipple profile while ensuring that other completion accessories above the nipple, including the production packer, were not inadvertently milled or damaged. Therefore, accurate depth control during the milling process was essential.
Depth control was obtained with the real-time fiber optic CCL measurements. In addition, real-time pressure and temperature measurements were available from the fiber optic enabled BHA to monitor the milling parameters.
The latest fiber-optic technology for coiled tubing including modules for CCL, temperature and pressure was used for the first time during a milling job. The data recorded, transmitted and integrated with the data acquisition software, created the ability to customize and optimize well intervention in realtime, and ensured that the required depth control precision was obtained, with precise control on the downhole milling parameters to optimize the milling operation.
Shale Gas Reservoir Development Strategies using Complex Specified Bottom-hole Pressure Well Architectures
Authors: Alqahtani Mari H. , Ertekin Turgay 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The principal objective of this paper is to develop an artificial expert system capable of instantaneously and accurately predicting complex wells (CW) performance, proposing CW designs, and predicting average reservoir properties, for shale gas wells operating under specified bottom-hole pressure.
Artificial neural networks (ANN) provide the backbone of the expert system. Other methods, such as traditional well-testing, numerical reservoir simulation, and decline curve analysis, have inherent limitations or require significant time and effort expended. ANN methodology has the ability to recognize patterns between various parameters in the presence of large databases and is a powerful tool especially when the existing relationships between the dependent and independent parameters are vague or are not well understood. Thus, it is capable of instantly solving problems that do not have known analytical or numerical solutions. CW are scarce in shale gas reservoirs, thus utilizing real data in ANN training is not possible most of the time. Accordingly, numerical reservoir simulation is used to generate the database necessary for training the expert system.
The expert system developed in this research instantly and accurately performs the tasks below for shale gas CW operating under constant bottom-hole pressure conditions and they are capable of:
Predicting production rates for a given CW design from a given shale gas reservoir. Proposing a robust CW design capable of producing a given production profile from a given set of reservoir properties. Predicting unconventional reservoir rock properties corresponding to a given gas production profile from a given CW design.
In addition, results prove that a well-trained ANN is capable of making instantaneous and accurate predictions. Results also increase our confidence in utilizing ANN to solve complex problems in the oil and gas industry. To increase accuracy of the expert system, reintroduction of data combinations as functional links helps reducing prediction error.
CW consume lower amount of water and have a controlled exposure to reservoir, making them an attractive alternative to the common massively hydraulically fractured horizontal wells (MHFHW). Field testing shale gas CW allows us to utilize real data in calibrating and testing the expert system.
Defining a Dryland Grain Sorghum Production Function for the Central Great Plains
Authors: Nielsen David C. , Vigil Merle F. 
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas
Grain sorghum water use/yield production function has a slope of 30.2 kg ha−1 mm−1.
Slope is greater than most other previously reported, but typical of C4 species.
Production function can be used with precip record to estimate yield probability.
Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a drought‐tolerant C4 species capable of making use of limited available water supplies and is suitable for dryland crop rotations in the central Great Plains. In order for farmers to assess the production risk encountered when utilizing sorghum in rotations, a water use–yield production function would be useful. Previously published production functions vary widely in reported slope of the relationship between water use and grain yield, with many of those slopes being much less than expected for a C4 species. The objectives of this experiment were to determine a water use–yield production function applicable to grain sorghum grown in the central Great Plains and to use that production function with a long‐term precipitation record to assess production risk. Sorghum water use and yield data were collected from 2006 to 2016 at Akron, CO, and a production function was determined by linear regression to be yield (kg ha−1) = 30.2 × (water use [mm] – 259). A grain yield of at least 4000 kg ha−1 would be expected to occur 16% of the time if plant available soil water at planting was 111 mm and 92% of the time if 259 mm was available. Both the production function and the probability exceedance graphs will be useful to farmers in assessing production risk as they consider incorporating grain sorghum into dryland crop rotations in the central Great Plains.
Evaluation of performance and environmental benefits of a full-scale pump as turbine system in Antalya water distribution network
Authors: Muhammetoglu Ayse , Nursen Cezmi , Karadirek I. Ethem , Muhammetoglu Habib 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In recent years, pumps used in turbine mode (pump as turbine, PAT) have started to appear as a viable option to reduce pressure in water distribution networks in addition to energy production at micro scale. In this study, evaluation of performance of a recently installed PAT system in Antalya City, Turkey, is presented for the first operational period of approximately 5 months. This full-scale PAT system was implemented in a parallel pipeline with a pressure reducing valve. The operation of the installed PAT system was continuously monitored online for flow rate, power and pressure. The installed PAT system, being in operation since 26 January 2016, works efficiently in a wide range of inflows (130–300 m3/h) and the produced energy varies between 0.7 and 8.4 kWh for a reduction of approximately one bar pressure head with an average efficiency of 60%. Based on the initial 5 months of operational data, environmental benefits of green energy production, reduction in physical water losses and carbon dioxide emissions were evaluated. Based on the implementation cost of the PAT system and the revenues from the environmental benefits, payback period of this specific full-scale PAT application was computed as 53 days or 1.8 months.
Las guerras del hummus: comida local, récord Guinness y gastropolítica palestino-israelí
Authors: Avieli Nir 
Published: June 2017

Por mucho tiempo, judíos y palestinos han estado involucrados en violentos conflictos por territorio, recursos e identidad nacional; sin embargo, comparten una pasión culinaria: el hummus. Este puré de garbanzos machacados, sazonado con tahini y jugo de limón, se encuentra en todos lados dentro de las esferas culinarias públicas y privadas, y es muy popular entre árabes y judíos por igual. En 2008, el hummus se volvió el centro de un acalorado debate entre Israel y Líbano debido a derechos culturales de autor y cuestiones de herencia nacional, así como por las consideraciones económicas implícitas. En este artículo discuto las llamadas “guerras del hummus”, una serie de proyectos culinarios realizados en Líbano e Israel en un intento por consolidar al hummus como un elemento de la herencia culinaria de cada nación a través de la imposición de un récord mundial Guinness por el platillo de hummus más grande. La etnografía de una de estas actividades, llevada a cabo en el pueblo palestino-israelí de Abu Gosh, subraya el inesperado papel de mediadores desarrollado por palestinos con ciudadanía israelí. Los antropólogos están prestando más atención a la “comida local” y a los procesos culturales que definen la comida como local, y muestran una y otra vez cómo la idea de “nuestra comida” es construida por medio del constante proceso de negociación y adaptación. Sin embargo, las guerras del hummus son diferentes, pues el debate no es sobre la correcta preparación, las recetas auténticas, su implantación en la ecología local o el terroir, ni sobre la calidad; más bien, trata de cuestiones directas de propiedad y poder. La singularidad de las guerras del hummus se exacerba por el hecho de que este platillo, antiguo y mundano, es reivindicado por Estados-nación modernos, relativamente nuevos, envueltos en un conflicto militar activo. Mientras que la mayoría de los trabajos académicos resaltan la distinción, el orgullo nacional y la pureza cultural, las guerras del hummus tratan de la apropiación de la comida del otro o, más precisamente, de apropiarse de la comida del enemigo. Más importante aún, estas actividades son intrigantes debido al inesperado rol interpretado por palestinos con ciudadanía israelí, quienes tuvieron el papel principal en ellas. Mientras que los científicos sociales tienden a mirar la esfera culinaria como un reflejo de la vida social, y los platillos nacionales como representaciones simbólicas de la nación, el análisis de estas actividades revela cómo son negociadas y mediadas las identidades nacionales dentro de la esfera culinaria y cómo los grupos minoritarios participan en estos procesos de gastroidentidad.
Utilización del modelo de diagnóstico canvas en el análisis de un caso de la industria farmacéutica en México. Diagnostic use of keds model in the analysis of a case of the pharmaceutical industry in Mexico
Authors: Sanchez-Guerrero Marisol , Arellano González Alejandro 
Published: June 2017

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar y describir el modelo de negocio de la empresa farmacéutica Farmacia Similares y su forma de crear y capturar valor. Se trata de una investigación de tipo documental, basado en un estudio de caso único realizado a través del análisis de revisión literaria. El estudio permitió examinar el diseño del modelo de negocio actual de la empresa, en función de su proceso de servicios de valor, además de inferir sobre su participación en el sector farmacéutico y describir las nueve dimensiones de acuerdo con el Modelo de Negocio Canvas de Alexander Osterwalder. Además se hace una contribución teórica al modelo de negocios CANVAS con referencia a las contribuciones de los autores Penrose y Chandler con la finalidad de aportar dinamismo a la herramienta para favorecer el proceso de crecimiento de la organización.