bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulations of Saturn's B Ring: Granular Friction as a Mediator between Self-gravity Wakes and Viscous Overstability
Authors: Ballouz Ronald-Louis , Richardson Derek C. , Morishima Ryuji 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We study the B ring’s complex optical depth structure. The source of this structure may be the complex dynamics of the Keplerian shear and the self-gravity of the ring particles. The outcome of these dynamic effects depends sensitively on the collisional and physical properties of the particles. Two mechanisms can emerge that dominate the macroscopic physical structure of the ring: self-gravity wakes and viscous overstability. Here we study the interplay between these two mechanisms by using our recently developed particle collision method that allows us to better model the inter-particle contact physics. We find that for a constant ring surface density and particle internal density, particles with rough surfaces tend to produce axisymmetric ring features associated with the viscous overstability, while particles with smoother surfaces produce self-gravity wakes.
Dynamics of Coronal Hole Boundaries
Authors: Higginson A. K. , Antiochos S. K. , DeVore C. R. , Wyper P. F. , Zurbuchen T. H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Remote and in situ observations strongly imply that the slow solar wind consists of plasma from the hot, closed-field corona that is released onto open magnetic field lines. The Separatrix Web theory for the slow wind proposes that photospheric motions at the scale of supergranules are responsible for generating dynamics at coronal-hole boundaries, which result in the closed plasma release. We use three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to determine the effect of photospheric flows on the open and closed magnetic flux of a model corona with a dipole magnetic field and an isothermal solar wind. A rotational surface motion is used to approximate photospheric supergranular driving and is applied at the boundary between the coronal hole and helmet streamer. The resulting dynamics consist primarily of prolific and efficient interchange reconnection between open and closed flux. The magnetic flux near the coronal-hole boundary experiences multiple interchange events, with some flux interchanging over 50 times in one day. Additionally, we find that the interchange reconnection occurs all along the coronal-hole boundary and even produces a lasting change in magnetic-field connectivity in regions that were not driven by the applied motions. Our results show that these dynamics should be ubiquitous in the Sun and heliosphere. We discuss the implications of our simulations for understanding the observed properties of the slow solar wind, with particular focus on the global-scale consequences of interchange reconnection.
Observable Signatures of Energy Release in Braided Coronal Loops
Authors: Pontin D. I. , Janvier M. , Tiwari S. K. , Galsgaard K. , Winebarger A. R. , Cirtain J. W. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We examine the turbulent relaxation of solar coronal loops containing non-trivial field line braiding. Such field line tangling in the corona has long been postulated in the context of coronal heating models. We focus on the observational signatures of energy release in such braided magnetic structures using MHD simulations and forward modeling tools. The aim is to answer the following question: if energy release occurs in a coronal loop containing braided magnetic flux, should we expect a clearly observable signature in emissions? We demonstrate that the presence of braided magnetic field lines does not guarantee a braided appearance to the observed intensities. Observed intensities may—but need not necessarily—reveal the underlying braided nature of the magnetic field, depending on the degree and pattern of the field line tangling within the loop. However, in all cases considered, the evolution of the braided loop is accompanied by localized heating regions as the loop relaxes. Factors that may influence the observational signatures are discussed. Recent high-resolution observations from Hi-C have claimed the first direct evidence of braided magnetic fields in the corona. Here we show that both the Hi-C data and some of our simulations give the appearance of braiding at a range of scales.
Radial Transport and Meridional Circulation in Accretion Disks
Authors: Philippov Alexander A. , Rafikov Roman R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Radial transport of particles, elements and fluid driven by internal stresses in three-dimensional (3D) astrophysical accretion disks is an important phenomenon, potentially relevant for the outward dust transport in protoplanetary disks, origin of the refractory particles in comets, isotopic equilibration in the Earth–Moon system, etc. To gain better insight into these processes, we explore the dependence of meridional circulation in 3D disks with shear viscosity on their thermal stratification, and demonstrate a strong effect of the latter on the radial flow. Previous locally isothermal studies have normally found a pattern of the radial outflow near the midplane, switching to inflow higher up. Here we show, both analytically and numerically, that a flow that is inward at all altitudes is possible in disks with entropy and temperature steeply increasing with height. Such thermodynamic conditions may be typical in the optically thin, viscously heated accretion disks. Disks in which these conditions do not hold should feature radial outflow near the midplane, as long as their internal stress is provided by the shear viscosity. Our results can also be used for designing hydrodynamical disk simulations with a prescribed pattern of the meridional circulation.
Nouveaux regards sur l’éducation
Authors: Grosgeorge Marie , Martin Gilles 
Published: March 2017

En France, l’école fait partie de ces objets à propos desquels nul n’est indifférent, que ce soit pour en critiquer les défaillances ou pour l’ériger en creuset d’une cohésion sociale revivifiée. La diversité des travaux de sciences sociales sur l’éducation reflète le caractère profondément multidimensionnel de ce champ : diversité des approches, des objets, des étapes de la chaîne éducative... Ce caractère symbolique (voire totémique) de l’éducation, tout comme l’ancienneté des recherches de sciences sociales à son sujet, peuvent donner l’impression que tout a été écrit et compris de ce qui s’y joue. Les articles de ce dossier permettent au contraire de mesurer à quel point les questionnements se renouvellent et se déplacent à mesure que le système éducatif évolue. Incarnation, s’il en est, de la nécessité et de la vitalité des SES.
Des marches pour un logement
Authors: Léobal Clémence 
Published: March 2017

Si les modes de gouvernement de l’État français s’appuient sur des catégorisations des habitants, ces derniers ne sont pas passifs face aux institutions. Cette enquête au guichet a été réalisée non pas aux côtés d’agents institutionnels, mais de demandeuses de logement saint-laurentaises, définies ethniquement comme bushinenguées. Elles associent l’État à une blancheur postcoloniale qualifiée de « bakaa », bien qu’il soit incarné par des agent.e.s d’origines diverses. La socialisation institutionnelle de ces demandeuses combine la revendication d’un droit au logement avec l’idée que l’État « donne » ces logements, en contrepartie de l’action de « marcher », c’est-à-dire d’effectuer personnellement et physiquement des démarches actives et répétées. Cette « marche » vers le logement va à l’encontre des stéréotypes de classe, de race et de genre sur la passivité de ces personnes. Lors de leurs interactions avec les agents, ces femmes se conforment d’un côté aux attendus bureaucratiques bakaa , mais en subvertissent de l’autre certains codes. Elles négocient des arrangements institutionnels, loin des idéaux bureaucratiques.
Adapted Nested Force-Gradient Integrators: The Schwinger Model Case
Authors: Shcherbakov Dmitry , Ehrhardt Matthias , Finkenrath Jacob , Günther Michael , Knechtli Francesco , Peardon Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe study a novel class of numerical integrators, the adapted nested force-gradient schemes, used within the molecular dynamics step of the Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm. We test these methods in the Schwinger model on the lattice, a well known benchmark problem. We derive the analytical basis of nested force-gradient type methods and demonstrate the advantage of the proposed approach, namely reduced computational costs compared with other numerical integration schemes in HMC.
Code Status Reconciliation to Improve Identification and Documentation of Code Status in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Jain Viral G , Greco Peter J , Kaelber David C 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Background: Code status (CS) of a patient (part of their end-of-life wishes) can be critical information in healthcare delivery, which can change over time, especially at transitions of care. Although electronic health record (EHR) tools exist for medication reconciliation across transitions of care, much less attention is given to CS, and standard EHR tools have not been implemented for CS reconciliation (CSR). Lack of CSR creates significant potential patient safety and quality of life issues. Objective: To study the tools, workflow, and impact of clinical decision support (CDS) for CSR. Methods: We established rules for CS implementation in our EHR. At admission, a CS is required as part of a patient’s admission order set. Using standard CDS tools in our EHR, we built an interruptive alert for CSR at discharge if a patient did not have the same inpatient (current) CS at discharge as that prior to admission CS.
Results: Of 80,587 admissions over a four year period (2 years prior to and post CSR implementation), CS discordance was seen in 3.5% of encounters which had full code status prior to admission, but Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) CS at discharge. In addition, 1.4% of the encounters had a different variant of the DNR CS at discharge when compared with CS prior to admission. On pre-post CSR implementation analysis, DNR CS per 1000 admissions per month increased significantly among patients discharged and in patients being admitted (mean ± SD: 85.36 ± 13.69 to 399.85 ± 182.86, p<0.001; and 1.99 ± 1.37 vs 16.70 ± 4.51, p<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: EHR enabled CSR is effective and represents a significant informatics opportunity to help honor patients’ end-of-life wishes. CSR represents one example of non-medication reconciliation at transitions of care that should be considered in all EHRs to improve care quality and patient safety.
Houdingen van leerkrachten ten aanzien van ouders en hun emoties, reacties en gevoelens van competentie bij verschillende uitingen van ouderbetrokkenheid
Authors: Denessen Eddie , Raket Luc 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Attitudes of teachers regarding parents and their emotions, reactions and feelings of competence in diverse ways of parental involvement: A case specific analysis

Parental involvement has become salient in the educational policy agenda. To successfully implement parental involvement policy in the school teachers are of major importance. In their daily contact with parents, teacher attitudes, their emotions and their competences play a significant role. Teachers are expected to deal with a variety of ways in which parents show their involvement with their child’s education; with assertive ways of involvement, like overprotective or unsatisfied parents, but also with parents who do not respond to school’s invitations. In this study, it is investigated how primary school teachers respond to diverse ways in which parents are involved and how these responses can be explained by teachers’ attitudes towards parental involvement. The study involved a survey among 127 teachers. They were asked about their attitudes towards parental involvement and they were presented with three hypothetical cases in which ways of involvement were depicted (overprotective, unsatisfied, non-responsive to invitations). Teachers were asked about their emotional and behavioural responses in these cases. Analyses showed that teachers in general have positive attitudes towards parental involvement, that they feel competent and that they intend to respond with understanding and empathy to various ways of involvement and that they put effort in building constructive relationships with these parents. Teachers with positive parental involvement attitudes were most sympathetic to parents who do not meet the ideal-typical standards of parental involvement.
Een schoolleergemeenschap met leerkrachten en ouders
Authors: Iliás Marina , Willemen Agnes , Dobber Marjolein , Pels Trees , Oosterman Mirjam , Schuengel Carlo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

A school learning community formed by teachers and parents: Towards improving educational partnership

A partnership in which parents and teachers attune their support can be beneficial for children’s development. However, in practice parents and teachers encounter difficulties in establishing such partnerships. A school learning community (SLC) in which parents and teachers cooperate and reflect on their views and practices could be beneficial for the improvement of such a partnership. In the current study parents and teachers were supervised during their cooperation in a SLC towards an improved educational partnership. This research examined how equality and diversity were expressed in the SLC and to what extent participants were able to reflect on their opinions and practices. Also, it was investigated whether participants were able to convert the insights gained through reflection into practical partnership returns for the school. Four schools formed SLC’s consisting of kindergarten teachers and parents, which met five times. Transcripts of the meetings were analysed using a Thematic Coding Approach. Results show that equality and diversity were expressed in several ways. Equality in communication and attention to individual experiences and differences became important topics in the improvement of educational partnership. Depending on the school context, parents and teachers were able to reflect more or less thorough on their opinions and practices, especially regarding ‘communication’. At each school new insights into equality and diversity were translated into applications in the school. Differences between schools are discussed. Further research should determine whether these events lead to an improved long-term educational partnership that is anchored in school policy.
Soil concentrations and soil–atmosphere exchange of alkylamines in a boreal Scots pine forest
Authors: Kieloaho Antti-Jussi , Pihlatie Mari , Launiainen Samuli , Kulmala Markku , Riekkola Marja-Liisa , Parshintsev Jevgeni , Mammarella Ivan , Vesala Timo , Heinonsalo Jussi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Alkylamines are important precursors in secondary aerosol formation in the boreal forest atmosphere. To better understand the behavior and sources of two alkylamines, dimethylamine (DMA) and diethylamine (DEA), we estimated the magnitudes of soil–atmosphere fluxes of DMA and DEA using a gradient-diffusion approximation based on measured concentrations in soil solution and in the canopy air space. The ambient air concentration of DMA used in this study was a sum of DMA and ethylamine. To compute the amine fluxes, we first estimated the soil air space concentration from the measured soil solution amine concentration using soil physical (temperature, soil water content) and chemical (pH) state variables. Then, we used the resistance analogy to account for gas transport mechanisms in the soil, soil boundary layer, and canopy air space. The resulting flux estimates revealed that the boreal forest soil with a typical long-term mean pH 5.3 is a possible source of DMA (170 ± 51 nmol m−2 day−1) and a sink of DEA (−1.2 ± 1.2 nmol m−2 day−1). We also investigated the potential role of fungi as a reservoir for alkylamines in boreal forest soil. We found high DMA and DEA concentrations both in fungal hyphae collected from field humus samples and in fungal pure cultures. The highest DMA and DEA concentrations were found in fungal strains belonging to decay and ectomycorrhizal fungal groups, indicating that boreal forest soil and, in particular, fungal biomass may be important reservoirs for these alkylamines.
The Transformative Power of Communication: Democratizing Practices for the General Education Classroom
Authors: Haynal Kaitlyn 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article examines the common communication practices of deliberation, discussion, delivery, and debate, for their democratizing potential through their greater inclusion in all general education classrooms. It argues that these tools are underutilized outside of communication classrooms but offer numerous benefits to teachers and students alike who participate in the general education process. Increasing communication opportunities for students in more classes can contribute to greater self-reflection, more positive engagement with and openness to difference, and higher connectivity with class content. Likewise, increased communication by faculty with students about the values of general education can reduce the risk of students missing out on the democratizing values that stand to be gained through a general education curriculum. These findings have implications for the reenvisioning of how general education classes can be taught as well as how instructors might better appeal to student engagement with course material based on the transformative power of communication.
Dual-Laboratory Validation of a Method for the Determination of Fructans in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals: First Action 2016.14
Authors: Brunt Kommer , Sanders Peter , Spichtig Véronique , Ernste-Nota Veronica , Sawicka Paulina , Iwanoff Kimberley , Van Soest Jeroen , Lin Paul Kong Thoo , Austin Sean 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Until recently, only two AOAC Official MethodsSM have been available for the analysis of fructans: Method 997.08 and Method 999.03. Both are based on the analysis of the fructan component monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) after hydrolysis. The two methods have some limitations due to the strategies used for removing background interferences (such as from sucrose, α-glucooligosaccharides, and free sugars). The method described in this paper has been developed to overcome those limitations. The method is largely based on Method 999.03 and uses combined enzymatic and SPE steps to remove the interfering components without impacting the final analytical result. The method has been validated in two laboratories on infant formula and adult nutritionals. Recoveries were in the range of 86–119%, with most being in the range of 91–104%. RSDr values were in the range of 0.7–2.6%, with one exception when the fructan concentration was close to the LOQ, resulting in an RSDr of 8.9%. The performance is generallywithin the requirements outlined in the AOAC StandardMethod Performance Requirements (SMPR® 2014.002), which specifies recoveries in the range of 90–110% and RSDr values below 6%.
The Effect of Long-Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser for the Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Okan Gökhan , Tarikci Nagehan , Gokdemir Gonca 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Topical onychomycosis therapies are usually inadequate, and patient compliance to systemic therapies is poor. Recently, interest in laser therapy for the treatment of onychomycosis has increased. We sought to investigate the efficacy of long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser therapy for onychomycosis.

Methods:
Thirty patients with mycologically confirmed onychomycosis received long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser therapy, moving the beam in a spiral pattern over the whole nail plate two times, with a 1-minute pause between passes. Laser therapy was performed with a spot diameter of 4 mm at a speed of 25 mm/sec once weekly for 4 weeks using fluencies ranging from 40 to 60 J/cm2, depending on the thickness of the nail plate. Patients were evaluated in terms of clinical improvement and mycologic cure.

Results:
Thirty patients started and 15 completed the study. Mycologic cure was achieved in nine patients (60%), of whom eight (89%) were infected with Trichophyton sp. Complete clinical improvement was achieved in seven patients (47%), all of whom were infected with Trichophyton sp. Mycologic cure was not achieved in one of two patients infected with Epidermophyton or in either patient in whom the agent was Candida or Aspergillus; complete clinical improvement did not occur in any of these patients. No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusions:
Based on these results, long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser can be used as an effective treatment for onychomycosis, but further studies are needed to draw firmer conclusions.
Oxalyl Boronates Enable Modular Synthesis of Bioactive Imidazoles
Authors: Lee C. Frank , Holownia Aleksandra , Bennett James M. , Elkins Jonathan M. , St. Denis Jeffrey D. , Adachi Shinya , Yudin Andrei K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDescribed herein is the preparation of oxalyl boronate building blocks and their application for the construction of heterocycles. The oxalyl unit, readily accessible through commercially available starting materials, enables a modular approach for the synthesis of imidazoles. A variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and alkyl carboxaldehydes were condensed with oxalyl boronates to afford substituted boryl imidazoles in a regiocontrolled fashion. Subsequent palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling with haloarenes furnished the desired trisubstituted imidazole scaffolds. To demonstrate the utility of these scaffolds, potent inhibitors of the serine/threonine‐protein kinase STK10 were synthesized.
A Chromium(III)‐Superoxo Complex as a Three‐Electron Oxidant with a Large Tunneling Effect in Multi‐Electron Oxidation of NADH Analogues
Authors: Devi Tarali , Lee Yong‐Min , Jung Jieun , Sankaralingam Muniyandi , Nam Wonwoo , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMetal‐superoxo species are involved in a variety of enzymatic oxidation reactions, and multi‐electron oxidation of substrates is frequently observed in those enzymatic reactions. A CrIII‐superoxo complex, [CrIII(O2)(TMC)(Cl)]+ (1; TMC=1,4,8,11‐tetramethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane), is described that acts as a novel three‐electron oxidant in the oxidation of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) analogues. In the reactions of 1 with NADH analogues, a CrIV‐oxo complex, [CrIV(O)(TMC)(Cl)]+ (2), is formed by a heterolytic O−O bond cleavage of a putative CrII‐hydroperoxo complex, [CrII(OOH)(TMC)(Cl)], which is generated by hydride transfer from NADH analogues to 1. The comparison of the reactivity of NADH analogues with 1 and p‐chloranil (Cl4Q) indicates that oxidation of NADH analogues by 1 proceeds by proton‐coupled electron transfer with a very large tunneling effect (for example, with a kinetic isotope effect of 470 at 233 K), followed by rapid electron transfer.
Helically Coiled Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Daigle Maxime , Miao Dandan , Lucotti Andrea , Tommasini Matteo , Morin Jean‐François 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGraphene is a zero‐gap, semiconducting 2D material that exhibits outstanding charge‐transport properties. One way to open a band gap and make graphene useful as a semiconducting material is to confine the electron delocalization in one dimension through the preparation of graphene nanoribbons (GNR). Although several methods have been reported so far, solution‐phase, bottom‐up synthesis is the most promising in terms of structural precision and large‐scale production. Herein, we report the synthesis of a well‐defined, helically coiled GNR from a polychlorinated poly(m‐phenylene) through a regioselective photochemical cyclodehydrochlorination (CDHC) reaction. The structure of the helical GNR was confirmed by 1H NMR, FT‐IR, XPS, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. This Riemann surface‐like GNR has a band gap of 2.15 eV and is highly emissive in the visible region, both in solution and the solid state.