bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation and analysis of machinability behaviour of hybrid GFRP composites during end milling
Authors: Jenarthanan M.P. , Lakshman Prakash A. , Jeyapaul R. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a mathematical model for analysing surface roughness during end milling by using response surface methodology (RSM) and to determine how the input parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate) influence the output parameter (surface roughness) in the machining of hybrid glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP; Abaca and Glass) composite by using solid carbide end mill cutter.

Design/methodology/approach
Three factors and a three-level Box–Behnken design in RSM were used to carry out the experimental investigation. Handysurf E-35A was used to measure the surface roughness of the machined hybrid GFRP composites. The “Design Expert 8.0” was used to analyse the data collected graphically. Analysis of variance was carried out to validate the model and determine the most significant parameter.

Findings
The response surface model was used to predict the input factors influencing the surface roughness of the machined surfaces of hybrid GFRP composite at different cutting conditions with a chosen range of 95 per cent confidence intervals. Analysis of the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the surface roughness carried out using RSM.

Originality/value
The effect of the milling of hybrid GFRP composite on the surface roughness with solid carbide end mill by using RSM has not been analysed yet.
In Vivo Dual Fluorescence Imaging to Detect Joint Destruction
Authors: Cho Hongsik , Bhatti Fazal‐Ur‐Rehman , Lee Sangmin , Brand David D. , Yi Ae‐Kyung , Hasty Karen A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDiagnosis of cartilage damage in early stages of arthritis is vital to impede the progression of disease. In this regard, considerable progress has been made in near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) optical imaging technique. Arthritis can develop due to various mechanisms but one of the main contributors is the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that can degrade components of the extracellular matrix. Especially, MMP‐1 and MMP‐13 have main roles in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis because they enhance collagen degradation in the process of arthritis. We present here a novel NIRF imaging strategy that can be used to determine the activity of MMPs and cartilage damage simultaneously by detection of exposed type II collagen in cartilage tissue. In this study, retro‐orbital injection of mixed fluorescent dyes, MMPSense 750 FAST (MMP750) dye and Alexa Fluor 680 conjugated monoclonal mouse antibody immune‐reactive to type II collagen, was administered in the arthritic mice. Both dyes were detected with different intensity according to degree of joint destruction in the animal. Thus, our dual fluorescence imaging method can be used to detect cartilage damage as well as MMP activity simultaneously in early stage arthritis.
Dental Implants Placed in Periodontally Infected Sites in Humans
Authors: Crespi Roberto , Capparé Paolo , Crespi Giovanni , Lo Giudice Giuseppe , Gastaldi Giorgio , Gherlone Enrico 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate fresh socket implant outcome leaving granulomatous tissue into the bone defects.Materials and MethodsSubjects requiring tooth extractions in periodontal infected sites were selected for this prospective study. Only patients with 4‐wall defects and asymptomatic ones were included. The fresh sockets were randomly scheduled into two groups: In one group (Removal Group, RG) granulomatous tissue was removed and, in the other group (Left Group, LG) granulomatous tissue was left. Implants were positioned immediately after tooth extraction, and were loaded after 3 months in both groups. Intraoral digital radiographs were performed at temporary prosthesis placement; at 12, 24 and 36 months to evaluate marginal bone levels changes. Moreover, clinical parameters were acquired at the same time points.ResultsSixty patients were included in this study. Three‐hundred seventy‐two implants were placed immediately after tooth extraction and, at 3‐year follow‐up, a survival rate of 98.66% was reported, 2 implants were lost in RG and 3 implants in LG. At 36‐month follow‐up, not statistically significant differences were found between RG and LG in marginal bone level changes and clinical parameters (p > 005). Moreover, not statistically significant differences were found in intragroup comparisons over time (p > 0.05).ConclusionsWith the limits of this study it was concluded that granulomatous tissue left in infected fresh sockets doesn't injury dental implant outcome.
The impact of nonverbal ability on prevalence and clinical presentation of language disorder: evidence from a population study
Authors: Norbury Courtenay Frazier , Gooch Debbie , Wray Charlotte , Baird Gillian , Charman Tony , Simonoff Emily , Vamvakas George , Pickles Andrew 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundDiagnosis of ‘specific’ language impairment traditionally required nonverbal IQ to be within normal limits, often resulting in restricted access to clinical services for children with lower NVIQ. Changes to DSM‐5 criteria for language disorder removed this NVIQ requirement. This study sought to delineate the impact of varying NVIQ criteria on prevalence, clinical presentation and functional impact of language disorder in the first UK population study of language impairment at school entry.MethodsA population‐based survey design with sample weighting procedures was used to estimate population prevalence. We surveyed state‐maintained reception classrooms (n = 161 or 61% of eligible schools) in Surrey, England. From a total population of 12,398 children (ages 4–5 years), 7,267 (59%) were screened. A stratified subsample (n = 529) received comprehensive assessment of language, NVIQ, social, emotional and behavioural problems, and academic attainment.ResultsThe total population prevalence estimate of language disorder was 9.92% (95% CI 7.38, 13.20). The prevalence of language disorder of unknown origin was estimated to be 7.58% (95% CI 5.33, 10.66), while the prevalence of language impairment associated with intellectual disability and/or existing medical diagnosis was 2.34% (95% CI 1.40, 3.91). Children with language disorder displayed elevated symptoms of social, emotional and behavioural problems relative to peers, F(1, 466) = 7.88, p = .05, and 88% did not make expected academic progress. There were no differences between those with average and low‐average NVIQ scores in severity of language deficit, social, emotional and behavioural problems, or educational attainment. In contrast, children with language impairments associated with known medical diagnosis and/or intellectual disability displayed more severe deficits on multiple measures.ConclusionsAt school entry, approximately two children in every class of 30 pupils will experience language disorder severe enough to hinder academic progress. Access to specialist clinical services should not depend on NVIQ.
EXAMINING THE UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL CARBON EMISSIONS WITHIN AND ACROSS NEIGHBORHOODS: THE CASE OF BEIJING
Authors: Xiao Zuopeng , Lenzer James H. , Chai Yanwei 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough a growing number of studies have scrutinized population‐based variations in travel carbon emissions, few have examined these variations and uneven composition at the neighborhood level. Based on a 2007 Beijing household daily travel/activity survey, this paper attempts to calculate household daily travel carbon emissions and delineate the heterogeneous distribution within and across different neighborhoods. Using multilevel regression models, this paper confirms that socioeconomic variables (especially car availability) are the dominant contributing factors to household travel carbon emissions. Increasing the population density, land use mix and access to metro stations decreases emissions; whereas, household travel emissions increase along with the residential distance to the city center. Moreover, these effects vary across neighborhoods. Consequently, besides behavioral change policies aimed at high emitters, land use instruments should be targeted to different neighborhoods. The observed heterogeneous distributions call for a new governance framework to develop more effective and equitable urban transport policies.
Angular oversampling with temporally offset layers on multilayer detectors in computed tomography
Authors: Sjölin Martin , Danielsson Mats 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:Today's computed tomography (CT) scanners operate at an increasingly high rotation speed in order to reduce motion artifacts and to fulfill the requirements of dynamic acquisition, e.g., perfusion and cardiac imaging, with lower angular sampling rate as a consequence. In this paper, a simple method for obtaining angular oversampling when using multilayer detectors in continuous rotation CT is presented.Methods:By introducing temporal offsets between the measurement periods of the different layers on a multilayer detector, the angular sampling rate can be increased by a factor equal to the number of layers on the detector. The increased angular sampling rate reduces the risk of producing aliasing artifacts in the image. A simulation of a detector with two layers is performed to prove the concept.Results:The simulation study shows that aliasing artifacts from insufficient angular sampling are reduced by the proposed method. Specifically, when imaging a single point blurred by a 2D Gaussian kernel, the method is shown to reduce the strength of the aliasing artifacts by approximately an order of magnitude.Conclusions:The presented oversampling method is easy to implement in today's multilayer detectors and has the potential to reduce aliasing artifacts in the reconstructed images.
Geometry planning and image registration in magnetic particle imaging using bimodal fiducial markers
Authors: Werner F. , Jung C. , Hofmann M. , Werner R. , Salamon J. , Säring D. , Kaul M. G. , Them K. , Weber O. M. , Mummert T. , Adam G. , Ittrich H. , Knopp T. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a quantitative imaging modality that allows the distribution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles to be visualized. Compared to other imaging techniques like x‐ray radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MPI only provides a signal from the administered tracer, but no additional morphological information, which complicates geometry planning and the interpretation of MP images. The purpose of the authors’ study was to develop bimodal fiducial markers that can be visualized by MPI and MRI in order to create MP–MR fusion images.Methods:A certain arrangement of three bimodal fiducial markers was developed and used in a combined MRI/MPI phantom and also during in vivo experiments in order to investigate its suitability for geometry planning and image fusion. An algorithm for automated marker extraction in both MR and MP images and rigid registration was established.Results:The developed bimodal fiducial markers can be visualized by MRI and MPI and allow for geometry planning as well as automated registration and fusion of MR–MP images.Conclusions:To date, exact positioning of the object to be imaged within the field of view (FOV) and the assignment of reconstructed MPI signals to corresponding morphological regions has been difficult. The developed bimodal fiducial markers and the automated image registration algorithm help to overcome these difficulties.
Transceiver Optimization for ToA-Based Localization of Mobile WSN
Authors: Taheri Mostafa , Motamedi Seyed Ahmad 
Published: May 2016

One of the main parameters in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the design of energy-efficient protocols. And accuracy is another central goal of localization. Since sensor nodes run on battery power, any WSN application and accurate localization needs to be energy-efficient. In this paper, the accuracy of localization is increased by accurate measurement of the distance between the mobile sensors. Limit error in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been calculated by CRB method. Virtual MIMO (VMIMO) technique can obtain better localization precision and the localization is energy-efficient. Optimum selection of the number of the transceiver nodes is obtained by the lowest possible energy consumption, the existent localization error, and speed of nodes. Mathematical relation between energy consumption and localization of mobile nodes is presented and then verified by simulation. VMIMO decreases power of transmitters and this in turn will result in decreasing destructive effects of electromagnetic sensitivity (EMS) on body. Furthermore, optimized localization parameters will increase the efficiency of the system and network lifetime.
Monte Carlo simulation-based thinning and calculating method for noninvasive blood glucose sensing by near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ma Congcong , Qin Jia , Zhang Qi , Lu Junsheng , Xu Kexin , Jiang Jingying 
Published: May 2016

Previous results show that the floating reference theory (FRT) is an effective tool to reduce the influence of interference factors on noninvasive blood glucose sensing by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). It is the key to measure the floating reference point (FRP) precisely for the application of FRT. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has been introduced to quantitatively investigate the effects of positioning errors and light source drifts on measuring FRP. In this article, thinning and calculating method (TCM) is proposed to quantify the positioning error. Meanwhile, the normalization process (NP) is developed to significantly reduce the error induced by light source drift. The results according to TCM show that 7[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m deviations in positioning can generate about 10.63% relative error in FRP. It is more noticeable that 1% fluctuation in light source intensity may lead to 12.21% relative errors. Gratifyingly, the proposed NP model can effectively reduce the error caused by light source drift. Therefore, the measurement system for FRPs must meet that the positioning error is less than 7[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, and the light source drift is kept within 1%. Furthermore, an improvement for measurement system is proposed in order to take advantage of the NP model.
How Can the Current Strategies for Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy be Improved?
Authors: Ford Alex , Moayyedi Paul 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND: The use of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is
advocated in an increasing variety of situations. It is therefore important to
optimise current strategies to eradicate H pylori infectionOBJECTIVES: To define the optimum dosage, drugs and duration of
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) triple therapy.METHODS: A review of the literature was performed to identify randomized
controlled trials and systematic reviews addressing these issues.RESULTS: In PPI, amoxicillin and clarithromycin (PAC) based regimens,
twice daily PPI gave optimal eradication rates (relative risk reduction
[RRR] compared with once daily = 7%; 95% CI 2% to 12%), but in
PPI, clarithromycin and metronidazole (PCM) based regimens there was
no difference (RRR = 2%; 95% CI –7% to 10%). Omeprazole and lansoprazole‐
containing triple therapies achieved similar eradication rates, but
rabeprazole appeared superior to omeprazole (RRR = 8%; 95% CI 2% to
14%). The optimum clarithromycin dose in a PAC regimen was 500 mg
twice daily (RRR = 11%; 95% CI = 3% to 18%), but 250mg twice daily
in a PCM regimen (RRR = 2%; 95% CI –4% to 7%). Eradication rates
were lower with a seven day regimen compared with fourteen (RRR =
12%; 95% CI 7% to 17%). Overall there was no difference between a
PAC and a PCM regimen (RRR = 0%; 95% CI –3% to 3%).CONCLUSIONS: PAC and PCM regimens are equally effective if used
optimally, though PCM is cheaper. The eradication regimen and its duration
should be tailored according to the clinical situation.
Axisymmetric Tornado Simulations at High Reynolds Number
Authors: Rotunno Richard , Bryan George H. , Nolan David S. , Dahl Nathan A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This study is the first in a series that investigates the effects of turbulence in the boundary layer of a tornado vortex. In this part, axisymmetric simulations with constant viscosity are used to explore the relationships between vortex structure, intensity, and unsteadiness as functions of diffusion (measured by a Reynolds number Rer) and rotation (measured by a swirl ratio Sr). A deep upper-level damping zone is used to prevent upper-level disturbances from affecting the low-level vortex. The damping zone is most effective when it overlaps with the specified convective forcing, causing a reduction to the effective convective velocity scale We. With this damping in place, the tornado-vortex boundary layer shows no sign of unsteadiness for a wide range of parameters, suggesting that turbulence in the tornado boundary layer is inherently a three-dimensional phenomenon. For high Rer, the most intense vortices have maximum mean tangential winds well in excess of We, and maximum mean vertical velocity exceeds 3 times We. In parameter space, the most intense vortices fall along a line that follows , in agreement with previous analytical predictions by Fiedler and Rotunno. These results are used to inform the design of three-dimensional large-eddy simulations in subsequent papers.
Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers, the Sierra Barrier Jet, and Extreme Daily Precipitation in Northern California’s Upper Sacramento River Watershed
Authors: Ralph F. Martin , Cordeira Jason M. , Neiman Paul J. , Abel Mimi R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe upper Sacramento River watershed is vital to California’s water supply and is susceptible to major floods. Orographic precipitation in this complex terrain involves both atmospheric rivers (ARs) and the Sierra barrier jet (SBJ). The south-southeasterly SBJ induces orographic precipitation along south-facing slopes in the Mt. Shasta–Trinity Alps, whereas landfalling ARs ascend up and over the statically stable SBJ and induce orographic precipitation along west-facing slopes in the northern Sierra Nevada. This paper explores the occurrence of extreme daily precipitation (EDP) in this region in association with landfalling ARs and the SBJ. The 50 wettest days (i.e., days with EDP) for water years (WYs) 2002–11 based on the average of daily precipitation from eight rain gauges known as the Northern Sierra 8-Station Index (NS8I) are compared to dates from an SSM/I satellite-based landfalling AR-detection method and dates with SBJ events identified from nearby wind profiler data. These 50 days with EDP accounted for 20% of all precipitation during the 10-WY period, or 5 days with EDP per year on average account for one-fifth of WY precipitation. In summary, 46 of 50 (92%) days with EDP are associated with landfalling ARs on either the day before or the day of precipitation, whereas 45 of 50 (90%) days with EDP are associated with SBJ conditions on the day of EDP. Forty-one of 50 (82%) days with EDP are associated with both a landfalling AR and an SBJ. The top 10 days with EDP were all associated with both a landfalling AR and an SBJ.
A critical role for the Drosophila dopamine D1-like receptor Dop1R2 at the onset of metamorphosis
Authors: Regna Kimberly , Kurshan Peri T. , Harwood Benjamin N. , Jenkins Adam M. , Lai Chao-Qiang , Muskavitch Marc A.T. , Kopin Alan S. , Draper Isabelle 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
Insect metamorphosis relies on temporal and spatial cues that are precisely controlled. Previous studies in Drosophila have shown that untimely activation of genes that are essential to metamorphosis results in growth defects, developmental delay and death. Multiple factors exist that safeguard these genes against dysregulated expression. The list of identified negative regulators that play such a role in Drosophila development continues to expand.

Results
By using RNAi transgene-induced gene silencing coupled to spatio/temporal assessment, we have unraveled an important role for the Drosophila dopamine 1-like receptor, Dop1R2, in development. We show that Dop1R2 knockdown leads to pre-adult lethality. In adults that escape death, abnormal wing expansion and/or melanization defects occur. Furthermore we show that salivary gland expression of this GPCR during the late larval/prepupal stage is essential for the flies to survive through adulthood. In addition to RNAi-induced effects, treatment of larvae with the high affinity D1-like receptor antagonist flupenthixol, also results in developmental arrest, and in morphological defects comparable to those seen in Dop1R2 RNAi flies. To examine the basis for pupal lethality in Dop1R2 RNAi flies, we carried out transcriptome analysis. These studies revealed up-regulation of genes that respond to ecdysone, regulate morphogenesis and/or modulate defense/immunity.

Conclusion
Taken together our findings suggest a role for Dop1R2 in the repression of genes that coordinate metamorphosis. Premature release of this inhibition is not tolerated by the developing fly.
Development features of the market of health resort services in Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Оборин Матвей , Oborin Matvey 
Published: May 2016

Development of the health resort activities on the territory of Sverdlovsk region - an
important and controversial factor, which is reflected in low rates and current problems of development. They are connected with the development peculiarities of the region, natural
conditions, and availability of federal and regional programs. Necessity for the organization of
health resort activities related to its significant impact on the social and economic situation of
the region.
Sverdlovsk region is an industrial urban area that, apart from the advantages, creates
certain problems for the population. These include health deterioration, increasing of mortality
and morbidity, reducing of natural population growth, deterioration of health, which leads to a
reduction of the rate of economic development. That is why the region needs to organize health
resort activity. Recreational potential of Sverdlovsk region is considered to be healthy, and it is
caused by a boundary position of the region in Europe and Asia, political stability, which
guarantees the security of any type of tourist activity. In addition, the high cultural and historical
heritage of the area determines the long-term development of tourism in general. Nevertheless,
the author of the article notes the presence of a significant number of problems, such as the need
for recreational activities in urban and industrialized territories, but civil and industrial
development area limit the possibility of recreation. Load regulation system on the natural
systems of certain recreation areas is absent, and it causes a significant increasing of load and
violation of the integrity of ecosystems. Low development of transport infrastructure and
insufficient quality of personnel training creates problems for the future development of the
market of heath resort services