bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Antagonist Capsazepine Improves the Impaired Lung Mechanics during Endotoxemia
Authors: Cabral Layla D. M. , Giusti‐Paiva Alexandre 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) caused by systemic inflammatory response remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Management of patients with sepsis is largely limited to supportive therapies, reflecting an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Furthermore, there have been limited advances in the treatments for ALI. In this study, lung function and a histological analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 receptor (TRPV1) antagonist (capsazepine; CPZ) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced lung injury in mice. For this, adult mice pre‐treated with CPZ or vehicle received intraperitoneal injections of LPS or saline and 24 hr after, the mice were anaesthetized, and lung mechanics was evaluated. The LPS‐challenged mice exhibited substantial mechanical impairment, characterized by increases in respiratory system resistance, respiratory system elastance, tissue damping and tissue elastance. The pre‐treatment with CPZ prevented the increase in respiratory system resistance and decreased the increase in tissue damping during endotoxemia. In addition, mice pre‐treated with CPZ had an attenuated lung injury evidenced by reduction on collapsed area of the lung parenchyma induced by LPS. This suggests that the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine has a protective effect on lung mechanics in ALI during endotoxemia and that it may be a target for enhanced therapeutic efficacy in ALI.
Understanding of Goals, Beliefs, and Desires Predicts Morally Relevant Theory of Mind: A Longitudinal Investigation
Authors: Sodian Beate , Licata Maria , Kristen‐Antonow Susanne , Paulus Markus , Killen Melanie , Woodward Amanda 
Published: April 2016

Developmental continuity between infants’ understanding of intentional agency (goals, beliefs, and desires) and young children's attributions of moral intentions were studied in a 4‐year longitudinal study (N = 77 children). First, goal encoding at the age of 7 months and implicit false belief understanding at 18 months were predictive of children's understanding of an accidental transgressor's moral intentions at the age of 5 years. Second, 24‐month‐olds’ understanding of subjective desires was predictive of children's ability to understand an accidental transgressor's false belief at 5 years. These correlations remained significant when controlling for gender and verbal IQ. These findings support the theory that an early understanding of intentional agency is foundational for moral cognition in childhood.
Strengths of caregivers raising a child with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Authors: Kapasi Aamena , Brown Jason 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBirth, foster and adoptive parents raising a child with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder know their children best and are well positioned to inform professionals how to help alcohol‐affected children. Telephone interviews with 32 parents were conducted to explore strengths of caregivers raising a child with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and responses analyzed using concept mapping methodology. Four themes emerged from 74 unique responses: ‘change parenting strategy for different children’, ‘use non‐verbal, sensory and physical strategies’, ‘stay patient and understanding’ and ‘locate and maintain external supports’. Results were compared and contrasted with the existing literature. Although many responses were consistent with the literature, strengths previously unreported by caregivers in the literature included cultural practices, communication, generalizability of skills, soothing music and use of a service dog.
Assessing children at risk: organizational and professional conditions within children's hospitals
Authors: Svärd Veronica 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAccording to the Swedish Social Services Act, all health personnel are required to report children whom they suspect are subject to maltreatment. This paper describes the organizational and professional conditions in four Swedish children's hospitals regarding the reporting process. Specifically, the study focused on knowledge of risk to children, legal frameworks and the perceptions of organizational support and explored the differences between the hospitals and professional groups. The method used was a quantitative questionnaire, and 295 personnel responded. Hospitals differed in the level of organizational support offered to staff. Importantly, the professional groups showed different levels of knowledge and awareness about structures supporting their reporting obligations, with nurses and nurse assistants showing a lower level of awareness than physicians and hospital social workers. The paper argues that all professional groups need to have equal access to education, with the opportunity to become more involved in the assessment and reporting process and to strengthen multidisciplinary structures. Further, this would reduce risk, dispel the perception that work with children is ‘dirty work’ and counter strategies of avoidance among some professionals.
Magnitude knowledge: the common core of numerical development
Authors: Siegler Robert S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe integrated theory of numerical development posits that a central theme of numerical development from infancy to adulthood is progressive broadening of the types and ranges of numbers whose magnitudes are accurately represented. The process includes four overlapping trends: (1) representing increasingly precisely the magnitudes of non‐symbolic numbers, (2) connecting small symbolic numbers to their non‐symbolic referents, (3) extending understanding from smaller to larger whole numbers, and (4) accurately representing the magnitudes of rational numbers. The present review identifies substantial commonalities, as well as differences, in these four aspects of numerical development. With both whole and rational numbers, numerical magnitude knowledge is concurrently correlated with, longitudinally predictive of, and causally related to multiple aspects of mathematical understanding, including arithmetic and overall math achievement. Moreover, interventions focused on increasing numerical magnitude knowledge often generalize to other aspects of mathematics. The cognitive processes of association and analogy seem to play especially large roles in this development. Thus, acquisition of numerical magnitude knowledge can be seen as the common core of numerical development.
Endothelin receptor blockers reduce shunting and angiogenesis in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Hsu Shao‐Jung , Lin Te‐Yueh , Wang Sun‐Sang , Chuang Chiao‐Lin , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Huang Hui‐Chun , Hsin I‐Fang , Lee Jing‐Yi , Lin Han‐Chieh , Lee Shou‐Dong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundAngiogenesis plays a pivotal role in splanchnic hyperaemia and portosystemic collateral formation in cirrhosis. Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), an endothelium‐derived vasoconstrictor, has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension.DesignThis study aimed to survey the influences of ET‐1 in cirrhosis‐related angiogenesis. Common bile duct ligation was performed on Spraque–Dawley rats to induce cirrhosis. Since the 14th day after the operation, rats randomly received distilled water (DW, control), bosentan [a nonselective ET receptor (ETR) blocker] or ambrisentan (a selective ETAR blocker) for 4 weeks. On the 43rd day, portal and systemic haemodynamics, liver biochemistry, portosystemic shunting degree, mesenteric vascular density, mRNA and/or protein expressions of relevant angiogenic factors were evaluated.ResultsIn cirrhotic rats, bosentan significantly reduced portal pressure. Ambrisentan did not influence haemodynamics and liver biochemistry. Both of them significantly improved the severity of portosystemic collaterals and decreased the mesenteric vascular density. Compared with the DW‐treated cirrhotic rats, splenorenal shunt and mesenteric inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expressions and mesenteric iNOS, COX2, VEGF, phospho‐VEGF receptor 2, Akt and phospho‐Akt protein expressions were down‐regulated in both groups.ConclusionsIn rats with liver cirrhosis, both nonselective and selective ETAR blockade ameliorate the severity of portosystemic shunting and mesenteric angiogenesis via the down‐regulation of VEGF pathway and relevant angiogenic factors. ET receptors may be targeted to control the severity of portosystemic collaterals and associated complications in cirrhosis.
Crystal structure and identification of a key amino acid for glucose tolerance, substrate specificity, and transglycosylation activity of metagenomic β‐glucosidase Td2F2
Authors: Matsuzawa Tomohiko , Jo Toshinori , Uchiyama Taku , Manninen Jenny A. , Arakawa Takatoshi , Miyazaki Kentaro , Fushinobu Shinya , Yaoi Katsuro 
Published: April 2016

β‐Glucosidase Td2F2 isolated from a compost metagenome has high glucose tolerance and transglycosylation activity. In this study, we determined the high‐resolution crystal structure of Td2F2. It has a unique structure at the −1 subsite that is important for substrate specificity but not for glucose tolerance. To elucidate the mechanism(s) of glucose tolerance, we isolated a glucose‐sensitive Td2F2 mutant using random mutagenesis. In this mutant, Asn223 residue located between subsites +1 and +2 was mutated. The Asn223 mutation resulted in reduced glucose tolerance and transglycosylation activity, and drastically changed substrate specificity. These results indicate that the structure between subsites +1 and +2 is critical for the glucose tolerance and substrate specificity of Td2F2. Our findings shed light on the glucose tolerance and transglycosylation activity mechanisms of glycoside hydrolase family 1 β‐glucosidases.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structure factors (codes 3WH5, 3WH6, 3WH8, 3WH7, 5AYB, and 5AYI) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (http://wwpdb.org/).
Carbon isotope discrimination in leaves of the broad‐leaved paperbark tree, Melaleuca quinquenervia, as a tool for quantifying past tropical and subtropical rainfall
Authors: Tibby John , Barr Cameron , McInerney Francesca A. , Henderson Andrew C. G. , Leng Melanie J. , Greenway Margaret , Marshall Jonathan C. , McGregor Glenn B. , Tyler Jonathan J. , McNeil Vivienne 
Published: April 2016

AbstractQuantitative reconstructions of terrestrial climate are highly sought after but rare, particularly in Australia. Carbon isotope discrimination in plant leaves (Δleaf) is an established indicator of past hydroclimate because the fractionation of carbon isotopes during photosynthesis is strongly influenced by water stress. Leaves of the evergreen tree Melaleuca quinquenervia have been recovered from the sediments of some perched lakes on North Stradbroke and Fraser Islands, south‐east Queensland, eastern Australia. Here, we examine the potential for using M. quinquenervia ∆leaf as a tracer of past rainfall by analysing carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of modern leaves. We firstly assess Δleaf variation at the leaf and stand scale and find no systematic pattern within leaves or between leaves due to their position on the tree. We then examine the relationships between climate and Δleaf for a 11‐year time series of leaves collected in a litter tray. M. quinquenervia retains its leaves for 1–4 years; thus, cumulative average climate data are used. There is a significant relationship between annual mean ∆leaf and mean annual rainfall of the hydrological year for 1–4 years (i.e. 365–1460 days) prior to leaf fall (r2 = 0.64, P = 0.003, n = 11). This relationship is marginally improved by accounting for the effect of pCO2 on discrimination (r2 = 0.67, P = 0.002, n = 11). The correlation between rainfall and Δleaf, and the natural distribution of Melaleuca quinquenervia around wetlands of eastern Australia, Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia offers significant potential to infer past rainfall on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.
Triptans for Acute Migraine Headache: Current Experience With Triptan Use and Prescription Habits in a Tertiary Care Headache Outpatient Clinic: An Observational Study
Authors: Fischer Marlene , Frank Florian , Wille Georg , Klien Stephanie , Lackner Peter , Broessner Gregor 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundTriptans are recommended as first‐line therapy in the acute phase of a migraine attack. We describe patterns of triptan use in a tertiary care headache outpatient clinic, particularly addressing factors that are associated with triptan discontinuation.MethodsFrom December 2009 until August 2012, demographic and clinical data of consecutive patients with migraine were collected. The Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6) was used to measure the adverse impact of headaches. Factors associated with triptan discontinuation were analyzed using binary logistic regression.ResultsOf 511 migraine patients included, 73.2% (n = 374) were triptan naïve on first consultation. At follow‐up, 57.1% of new triptan users (n = 72/126) reported pain‐freedom or pain relief after 2 hours, 40.5% (n = 51/126) did not refill their triptan, another 15.1% (n = 19/126) switched to a different type of triptan. Negative response to triptan treatment and substantial or severe headache impact (HIT‐6 score ≥56) at first follow‐up were associated with triptan discontinuation (OR 0.39 [95% CI 0.20—0.78], P = .007; OR 3.33 [95% CI 1.10–10.03], P = .033).ConclusionsAlthough triptans have been in clinical use for more than two decades, many migraine sufferers in our study population were found to be triptan naïve on first consultation. The HIT‐6 score may be used as an indicator of triptan adherence and help to identify patients at risk for triptan discontinuation.
Association of TIM‐1 5383‐5397ins/del and TIM‐3 ‐1541C>T polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan population
Authors: Mazrouei F. , Ganjalikhani‐Hakemi M. , Salehi R. , Alesahebfosoul F. , Etemadifar M. , Pouladian M. , Meshkat R. , Nekoueian Sh. , Zarkesh‐Esfahani H. , Ziyaee‐Ghahnaviyeh M. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an organ‐specific autoimmune disease in central nervous system, affecting about 2.5 million people around the world. Probable involvement of two newly identified immunoregulator molecules, TIM‐1 and TIM‐3, has been reported in autoimmune diseases. In this study, for the first time, the association of TIM‐1 5383‐5397ins/del and TIM‐3 ‐1541C>T polymorphisms with MS in an Iranian population was considered. The results of our study showed that there is no significant association between TIM‐1 5383‐5397ins/del and MS (P = 0.38); however, the frequency of CT genotype of TIM‐3 ‐1541C>T in patient group was significantly higher than the control group, and there was a significant association between CT genotype and MS (P = 0.009, OR = 4.08).
The Impact of Elevated Left Atrial Pressure in Sinus Rhythm After Cardioversion on Outcomes After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: KISHIMA HIDEYUKI , MINE TAKANAO , TAKAHASHI SATOSHI , ASHIDA KENKI , ISHIHARA MASAHARU , MASUYAMA TOHRU 
Published: April 2016

Sustained Pressure Overload of the Left Atrium in Sinus RhythmIntroductionSome patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) exhibit elevated left atrial pressure (LAP) in sinus rhythm (SR). The aim of the study was to investigate whether LAP changes between SR and AF are associated with outcomes after catheter ablation (CA) for AF.Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively studied 110 patients (70 men, 66 ± 8 years, 37 with non‐paroxysmal AF) who underwent CA of AF. In all patients, AF was induced by programmed stimulation and then terminated with cardioversion during CA. LAP was measured in SR and AF. The LAPSR‐AF was defined as the difference between mean LAP in SR and mean LAP in AF (mean LAPSR – mean LAPAF). Recurrence of AF after CA was detected in 37/110 patients (33.6%) during the follow‐up period (13 ± 5 months). Univariate analysis revealed higher LAPSR‐AF, larger left atrial diameter, and persistent AF (PeAF) as significant variables. On multivariate analysis, higher LAPSR‐AF and PeAF were independently associated with recurrence of AF after CA. All patients were divided into the non‐elevated LAPSR‐AF group (LAPSR‐AF <0 mmHg) or the elevated LAPSR‐AF group (LAPSR‐AF ≥0 mmHg) using the optimal cut‐off value of LAPSR‐AF. During a mean follow‐up period of 13 ± 5 months, the AF recurrence ratio was higher in the elevated LAPSR‐AF group than in the non‐elevated LAPSR‐AF group (20/42 patients, 48% vs. 17/68 patients, 25%, log‐rank, P = 0.0306).ConclusionElevated LAP after cardioversion is associated with poor outcome after CA of AF. Sustained pressure overload of the LA in SR could be a cause of the recurrent AF.
Searching for the physiological role of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
Authors: Holst Jens Juul , Windeløv Johanne Agerlin , Boer Geke Aline , Pedersen Jens , Svendsen Berit , Christensen Mikkel , Torekov Signe , Asmar Meena , Hartmann Bolette , Nissen Anne 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGlucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was established as a gut hormone more than 40 years ago, and there is good experimental support for its role as an incretin hormone although deletion of the GIP receptor or the GIP cells or GIP receptor mutations have only minor effects on glucose metabolism. Unlike the related hormone, GLP‐1, GIP stimulates the secretion of glucagon, which in healthy individuals may help to stabilize glucose levels, but in people with type 2 diabetes may contribute to glucose intolerance. A role in lipid metabolism is supported by numerous indirect observations and by resistance to diet‐induced obesity after deletion of the GIP receptor. However, a clear effect on lipid clearance could not be identified in humans, raising doubt about its importance. The GIP receptor is widely expressed in the body and also appears to be expressed on bone cells, and experimental studies in rodent point to effects on bone metabolism. Recent studies revealed pronounced inhibitory effects of GIP on bone resorption markers in humans and suggest that GIP may be (one of the) gastrointestinal regulators of bone turn‐over. In support of this, a loss‐of‐function GIP receptor mutation in humans is associated with a marked increase in fracture risk. The lack of a reliable GIP receptor antagonist contributes to the uncertainty regarding the physiological role of GIP.
Cellular models for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Falkenburger Björn H. , Saridaki Theodora , Dinter Elisabeth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDeveloping new therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease requires cellular models. Current models reproduce the two most salient changes found in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease: The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the existence of protein aggregates consisting mainly of α‐synuclein. Cultured cells offer many advantages over studying Parkinson's disease directly in patients or in animal models. At the same time, the choice of a specific cellular model entails the requirement to focus on one aspect of the disease while ignoring others. This article is intended for researchers planning to use cellular models for their studies. It describes for commonly used cell types the aspects of Parkinson's disease they model along with technical advantages and disadvantages. It might also be helpful for researchers from other fields consulting literature on cellular models of Parkinson's disease. Important models for the study of dopaminergic neuron degeneration include Lund human mesencephalic cells and primary neurons, and a case is made for the use of non‐dopaminergic cells to model pathogenesis of non‐motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. With regard to α‐synuclein aggregates, this article describes strategies to induce and measure aggregates with a focus on fluorescent techniques.
imageCellular models reproduce the two most salient changes of Parkinson's disease, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the existence of α‐synuclein aggregates. This article is intended for researchers planning to use cellular models for their studies. It describes for commonly used cell types and treatments the aspects of Parkinson's disease they model along with technical advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this article describes strategies to induce and measure aggregates with a focus on fluorescent techniques.This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
Short‐Term Outcomes of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure With New Occlutech® Duct Occluder: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Dedeoglu Reyhan , Bilici Meki , Demir Fikri , Demir Fadli , Acar Onur Çağlar , Hallioglu Olgu , Pac Ayşenur , Kiziltas Alev , Karabel Duran , Kula Serdar , Cimen Derya , Baspinar Osman , Atik Sezen Ugan , Saltik Irfan Levent 
Published: April 2016

AimOver the past 2 decades, transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with coils and the duct occluders evolved to be the procedure of choice. A new device, the Occlutech PDA® occluder (ODO) device has been designed. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics and short‐term results of patients who underwent transcatheter closure of PDA using the ODO.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical records of 60 patients from different centers in Turkey between December 2013 and January 2016. The medical records were reviewed for demographic characteristics and echocardiographic findings. Device size was selected on the narrowest diameter of PDA.ResultsThe median patient age was 2.5 years (6 months–35 years), and median PDA diameter was 2.5 mm (1.2–11 mm). Fifty‐eight of 60 patients (96.6%) had successful ODO implantation. The occlusion rates were 37/58 (63.7%) at the end of the procedure, 51/58 (87.9%) at 24–48 hours post‐procedure, and 57/58 (98.2%) on echocardiography at a median follow‐up of 7.6 months.ConclusionOur results indicate that transcatheter closure of PDA using the ODO is effective. Larger studies and longer follow‐up are required to assess whether its shape and longer length make it superior to other duct occluders in large, tubular, or window‐type ducts. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:325–331)
Melatonin improves reprogramming efficiency and proliferation of bovine‐induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Bai Chunyu , Li Xiangchen , Gao Yuhua , Yuan Ziao , Hu Pengfei , Wang Hui , Liu Changqing , Guan Weijun , Ma Yuehui 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMelatonin can modulate neural stem cell (NSC) functions such as proliferation and differentiation into NSC‐derived pluripotent stem cells (N‐iPS) in brain tissue, but the effect and mechanism underlying this are unclear. Thus, we studied how primary cultured bovine NSCs isolated from the retinal neural layer could transform into N‐iPS cell. NSCs were exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 μm melatonin, and cell viability studies indicated that 10 μm melatonin can significantly increase cell viability and promote cell proliferation in NSCs in vitro. Thus, 10 μm melatonin was used to study miR‐302/367‐mediated cell reprogramming of NSCs. We noted that this concentration of melatonin increased reprogramming efficiency of N‐iPS cell generation from primary cultured bovine NSCs and that this was mediated by downregulation of apoptosis‐related genes p53 and p21. Then, N‐iPS cells were treated with 1, 10, 100, or 500 μm melatonin, and N‐iPS (M‐N‐iPS) cell proliferation was measured. We noted that 100 μm melatonin increased proliferation of N‐iPS cells via increased phosphorylation of intracellular ERK1/2 via activation of its pathway in M‐N‐iPS via melatonin receptors 1 (MT1). Finally, we verified that N‐iPS cells and M‐N‐iPS cells are similar to typical embryonic stem cells including the expression of pluripotency markers (Oct4 and Nanog), the ability to form teratomas in vivo, and the capacity to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers.