bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional SERS Substrates Formed with Plasmonic Core-Satellite Nanostructures
Authors: Wu Li-An , Li Wei-En , Lin Ding-Zheng , Chen Yih-Fan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate three-dimensional surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates formed by accumulating plasmonic nanostructures that are synthesized using a DNA-assisted assembly method. We densely immobilize Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on polymer beads to form core-satellite nanostructures for detecting molecules by SERS. The experimental parameters affecting the AuNP immobilization, including salt concentration and the number ratio of the AuNPs to the polymer beads, are tested to achieve a high density of the immobilized AuNPs. To create electromagnetic hot spots for sensitive SERS sensing, we add a Ag shell to the AuNPs to reduce the interparticle distance further, and we carefully adjust the thickness of the shell to optimize the SERS effects. In addition, to obtain sensitive and reproducible SERS results, instead of using the core-satellite nanostructures dispersed in solution directly, we prepare SERS substrates consisting of closely packed nanostructures by drying nanostructure-containing droplets on hydrophobic surfaces. The densely distributed small and well-controlled nanogaps on the accumulated nanostructures function as three-dimensional SERS hot spots. Our results show that the SERS spectra obtained using the substrates are much stronger and more reproducible than that obtained using the nanostructures dispersed in solution. Sensitive detection of melamine and sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) are achieved using the SERS substrates.
Genomic divergence within non-photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbionts in rhopalodiacean diatoms
Authors: Nakayama Takuro , Inagaki Yuji 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOrganelle acquisitions via endosymbioses with prokaryotes were milestones in the evolution of eukaryotes. Still, quite a few uncertainties have remained for the evolution in the early stage of organellogenesis. In this respect, rhopalodiacean diatoms and their obligate cyanobacterial endosymbionts, called spheroid bodies, are emerging as new models for the study of organellogenesis. The genome for the spheroid body of Epithemia turgida, a rhopalodiacean diatom, has unveiled its unique metabolic nature lacking the photosynthetic ability. Nevertheless, the genome sequence of a spheroid body from a single lineage may not be sufficient to depict the evolution of these cyanobacterium-derived intracellular structures as a whole. Here, we report on the complete genome for the spheroid body of Rhopalodia gibberula, a lineage distinct from E. turgida, of which genome has been fully determined. Overall, features in genome structure and metabolic capacity, including a lack of photosynthetic ability, were highly conserved between the two spheroid bodies. However, our comparative genomic analyses revealed that the genome of the R. gibberula spheroid body exhibits a lower non-synonymous substitution rate and a slower progression of pseudogenisation than those of E. turgida, suggesting that a certain degree of diversity exists amongst the genomes of obligate endosymbionts in unicellular eukaryotes.
Randomized clinical trial: Effective gluten degradation by Aspergillus niger-derived enzyme in a complex meal setting
Authors: König Julia , Holster Savanne , Bruins Maaike J. , Brummer Robert J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Aspergillus niger-derived prolyl endoprotease (AN-PEP) has previously been shown to degrade gluten in healthy subjects when added to an intragastrically infused meal. The current study investigated the efficacy of AN-PEP in a physiological meal setting. In this randomized placebo-controlled crossover study, 18 gluten-sensitive subjects consumed a porridge containing 0.5 g gluten together with two tablets either containing a high or low dose of AN-PEP, or placebo. Gastric and duodenal content was sampled over 180 minutes, and areas under the curve of gluten concentrations were calculated. The primary outcome, i.e. success rate of high dose AN-PEP defined as at least 50% gluten degradation compared to placebo in the duodenum, was achieved in 10 of 13 comparisons. In the stomach, gluten levels were reduced from 176.9 (median, interquartile range 73.5–357.8) to 22.0 (10.6–50.8, p = 0.001) in the high dose and to 25.4 μg × min/ml (16.4–43.7, p = 0.001) in the low dose. In the duodenum, gluten levels were reduced from 14.1 (8.3–124.7) in the placebo to 6.3 (3.5–19.8, p = 0.019) in the high dose and to 7.4 μg × min/ml in the low dose (3.8–12.0, p = 0.015). Thus even in a physiological meal setting, AN-PEP significantly degraded most gluten in the stomach before it entered the duodenum.
Infrared light field imaging system free of fixed-pattern noise
Authors: Coelho Pablo A. , Tapia Jorge E. , Pérez Francisco , Torres Sergio N. , Saavedra Carlos 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDigital photonic sensors have greatly evolved to maximize sensitivity and spatial, spectral, and temporal imaging resolution. For low-energy photons, new designs have generated new types of noise that degrade the formed-image signal-to-noise ratio to values lower than 1. Fixed-pattern noise (FPN), which is produced by the non-uniform focal-plane-array optoelectronics response, is an ill-posed problem in infrared and hyperspectral imaging science. Here, we experimentally show that the FPN behaves as an object at a depth of infinity when a light field is captured by an imaging system. The proposed method is based on the capture of the light field of a scene and digital refocusing to any nearby objects in the scene. Unlike standard techniques for FPN reduction, our method does not require knowledge of the physical parameters of the optoelectronic transducer, the motion scene, or the presence of off-line blackbody sources. The ability of the proposed method to reduce FPN is measured by evaluating the structural similarity (SSIM) index employing a blackbody-based FPN reduction technique as a reference. This new interpretation of the FPN opens avenues to create new cameras for low-energy photons with the ability to perform denoising by digital refocusing.
Enhancing the sialylation of recombinant EPO produced in CHO cells via the inhibition of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis
Authors: Kwak Chan-Yeong , Park Seung-Yeol , Lee Chung-Geun , Okino Nozomu , Ito Makoto , Kim Jung Hoe 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSialylation regulates the in vivo half-life of recombinant therapeutic glycoproteins, affecting their therapeutic efficacy. Levels of the precursor molecule cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) are considered a limiting factor in the sialylation of glycoproteins. Here, we show that by reducing the amount of intracellular CMP-Neu5Ac consumed for glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis, we can increase the sialylation of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) produced in CHO cells. Initially, we found that treating CHO cells with a potent inhibitor of GSL biosynthesis increases the sialylation of the rhEPO they produce. Then, we established a stable CHO cell line that produces rhEPO in the context of repression of the key GSL biosynthetic enzyme UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG). These UGCG-depleted cells show reduced levels of gangliosides and significantly elevated levels of rhEPO sialylation. Upon further analysis of the resulting N-glycosylation pattern, we discovered that the enhanced rhEPO sialylation could be attributed to a decrease in neutral and mono-sialylated N-glycans and an increase in di-sialylated N-glycans. Our results suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of rhEPO produced in CHO cells can be improved by shunting intracellular CMP-Neu5Ac away from GSL biosynthesis and toward glycoprotein sialylation.
Dual contribution of TRPV4 antagonism in the regulatory effect of vasoinhibins on blood-retinal barrier permeability: diabetic milieu makes a difference
Authors: Arredondo Zamarripa David , Noguez Imm Ramsés , Bautista Cortés Ana María , Vázquez Ruíz Osvaldo , Bernardini Michela , Fiorio Pla Alessandra , Gkika Dimitra , Prevarskaya Natalia , López-Casillas Fernando , Liedtke Wolfgang , Clapp Carmen , Thébault Stéphanie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBreakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), as occurs in diabetic retinopathy and other chronic retinal diseases, results in vasogenic edema and neural tissue damage, causing vision loss. Vasoinhibins are N-terminal fragments of prolactin that prevent BRB breakdown during diabetes. They modulate the expression of some transient receptor potential (TRP) family members, yet their role in regulating the TRP vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4) remains unknown. TRPV4 is a calcium-permeable channel involved in barrier permeability, which blockade has been shown to prevent and resolve pulmonary edema. We found TRPV4 expression in the endothelium and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) components of the BRB, and that TRPV4-selective antagonists (RN-1734 and GSK2193874) resolve BRB breakdown in diabetic rats. Using human RPE (ARPE-19) cell monolayers and endothelial cell systems, we further observed that (i) GSK2193874 does not seem to contribute to the regulation of BRB and RPE permeability by vasoinhibins under diabetic or hyperglycemic-mimicking conditions, but that (ii) vasoinhibins can block TRPV4 to maintain BRB and endothelial permeability. Our results provide important insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy that will further guide us toward rationally-guided new therapies: synergistic combination of selective TRPV4 blockers and vasoinhibins can be proposed to mitigate diabetes-evoked BRB breakdown.
The structure of the perivascular compartment in the old canine brain: a case study
Authors: Criswell Theodore P. , Sharp Matthew MacGregor , Dobson Howard , Finucane Ciara , Weller Roy O. , Verma Ajay , Carare Roxana O. 
Published: October 2017

Dilatation of periarteriolar spaces in MRI of the ageing human brains occurs in white matter (WM), basal ganglia and midbrain but not in cerebral cortex. Perivenous collagenous occurs in periventricular but not in subcortical WM.
Here we test the hypotheses that (a) the capacity for dilatation of periarteriolar spaces correlates with the anatomical distribution of leptomeningeal cells coating intracerebral arteries and (b) the regional development of perivenous collagenous in the WM correlates with the population of intramural cells in the walls of veins.
The anatomical distribution of leptomeningeal and intramural cells related to cerebral blood vessels is best documented by electron microscopy, requiring perfusion-fixed tissue not available in human material. We therefore analysed perfusion-fixed brain from a 12-year-old Beagle dog as the canine brain represents the anatomical arrangement in the human brain. Results showed regional variation in the arrangement of leptomeningeal cells around blood vessels. Arterioles are enveloped by one complete layer of leptomeninges often with a second incomplete layer in the WM. Venules showed incomplete layers of leptomeningeal cells. Intramural cell expression was higher in the post-capillary venules of the subcortical WM when compared with periventricular WM, suggesting that periventricular collagenosis around venules may be due to a lower resistance in the venular walls. It appears that the regional variation in the capacity for dilatation of arteriolar perivascular spaces in the white WM may be related to the number of perivascular leptomeningeal cells surrounding vessels in different areas of the brain.
Design of ultra‐low power AES encryption cores with silicon demonstration in SOTB CMOS process
Authors: Hoang V.‐P. , Dao V.‐L. , Pham C.‐K. 
Published: October 2017

The design of ultra‐low power advanced encryption standard (AES) encryption cores for emerging wireless networks and Internet of things systems by combining optimised architectures, a simple clock gating technique and an advanced 65 nm silicon on thin buried oxide (SOTB) CMOS process is presented. The implementation results show that the proposed 2‐Sbox AES encryption core requires the smallest number of clock cycles and achieves the lowest power consumption of 0.4 µW/MHz which is 3.3× lower than that of the best previous presented AES encryption core, with a very small area overhead. Moreover, the proposed 1‐Sbox AES encryption core consumes very low hardware resources of 2.4 kgates gate equivalent.
Jet-torus connection in radio galaxies
Authors: Fromm C. M. , Perucho M. , Porth O. , Younsi Z. , Ros E. , Mizuno Y. , Zensus J. A. , Rezzolla L. 
Published: October 2017

Context. High resolution very long baseline interferometry observations of active galactic nuclei have revealed asymmetric structures in the jets of radio galaxies. These asymmetric structures may be due to internal asymmetries in the jets or they may be induced by the different conditions in the surrounding ambient medium, including the obscuring torus, or a combination of the two.
Aims. In this paper we investigate the influence of the ambient medium, including the obscuring torus, on the observed properties of jets from radio galaxies.
Methods. We performed special-relativistic hydrodynamic (SRHD) simulations of over-pressured and pressure-matched jets using the special-relativistic hydrodynamics code Ratpenat, which is based on a second-order accurate finite-volume method and an approximate Riemann solver. Using a newly developed radiative transfer code to compute the electromagnetic radiation, we modelled several jets embedded in various ambient medium and torus configurations and subsequently computed the non-thermal emission produced by the jet and thermal absorption from the torus. To better compare the emission simulations with observations we produced synthetic radio maps, taking into account the properties of the observatory.
Results. The detailed analysis of our simulations shows that the observed properties such as core shift could be used to distinguish between over-pressured and pressure matched jets. In addition to the properties of the jets, insights into the extent and density of the obscuring torus can be obtained from analyses of the single-dish spectrum and spectral index maps.
Below Knee Stump Reconstruction with a Foot Fillet Flap
Authors: Antonini Andrea , Pugliese Pierfrancesco , Panero Bernardino , Ciclamini Davide , Battiston Bruno , Tos Pierluigi 
Published: October 2017

Background The “spare parts” approach to the reconstruction of below knee amputation, applied in acute trauma patients, can also be employed in elective surgery, ensuring knee salvage and a sensitive stump and enabling tissue harvesting without further donor-site morbidity.
Methods We present a series of eight cases, where leg amputation due to trauma or its sequelae was followed by reconstruction with skin or a composite flap from the foot. An osteocutaneous flap was used in two emergency patients with below knee amputation, where it allowed stump elongation and knee coverage, and in five secondary procedures, where it provided both stump length and sensitive skin coverage. The skin of the foot was used in one case to cover the tibial stump. Fixation was accomplished with 2-mm Kirschner wires in the emergency patients and with an external fixator (n = 5) or by internal fixation (n = 1) in the elective procedures. Any complications were minor. Secondary compression with an external fixator was required in one emergency patient due to delayed bone healing.
Results All knees healed. Sensibility was restored in all patients with a posterior tibial nerve suture (S4) and was well preserved in those without nerve coaptation. No patients reported problems with the prosthesis at a minimum follow-up of 3 years. Knee flexion and extension were comparable to those of the contralateral limb.
Conclusion The “spare parts” concept is a reliable approach to tibial stump reconstruction. External fixation in elective procedures allowed immediate weight bearing and bone healing. In emergency patients, rapid fixation with wires provided satisfactory results.
Role of Negative Pressure Therapy as Damage Control in Soft Tissue Reconstruction for Open Tibial Fractures
Authors: Valdatta Luigi , Tos Pierluigi , D'Arpa Salvatore , Troisi Luigi , Igor Pellegatta , Corradi Federica , Khan Umraz , Cherubino Mario 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe concept of damage control orthopaedics (DCO) is a strategy that focuses on managing orthopaedic injuries in polytrauma patients who are in an unstable physiological state. The concept of DCO is an extension of damage control surgery or damage limitation surgery (DCS/DLS). Recently, it has become clear that certain patients, following extensive soft tissue trauma, could benefit from the idea of DCS. In the management of severe lower extremity trauma with exposed fracture sites, aggressive early wound excision debridement, early internal fixation, and vascularized wound coverage within a few days after trauma were proposed. A negative-pressure dressing can be easily and rapidly applied to obtain a temporary closure between surgical stages. While negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has clear indications in the management of chronic wounds, its applications in the acute setting in victims of polytrauma are uneven. We conducted a review of the current clinical literature to evaluate the role of NPWT in this field, which points out that the negative pressure, applied immediately after the first debridement, seems to be an optimal bridge to the final reconstruction up to 7 days.
Achilles Region Soft-Tissue Defects: A Reconstructive Algorithm Based on a Series of 46 Cases
Authors: Innocenti Marco , Ghezzi Serena , Delcroix Luca , Innocenti Alessandro 
Published: October 2017

Background Several options have been described for soft-tissue reconstruction in Achilles tendon region (ATR). The best procedure should be customized according to any single case taking into account the number of structures involved, the quality of the neighboring skin, and patient's general condition. The aim of this article is to describe a simplified reconstructive algorithm based on personal experience and reviewing literature.
Methods Forty-four patients, who underwent ATR soft-tissue reconstruction between 1998 and 2016, have been retrospectively reviewed. Etiologies of the defect include the following: 18 posttraumatic, 10 postoncologic, 14 dehiscence/infection, and 2 chronic ulcers. Follow-up ranges between 12 and 96 months. Free flaps have been used in 30 cases (including two secondary surgeries due to propeller flap failure) and propeller flaps have been used in 16 cases.
Results Thirty-six flaps survived uneventfully (78.3%). Total flap necrosis occurred in three cases (6.5%), namely, two propeller flaps and one free flap. Partial necrosis of the flap was observed in seven cases (15, 2%): three in the free flap group and four in the propeller group. The functional recovery was very good in all the patients without involvement of the tendon and also all the patients who underwent a simultaneous reconstruction of the tendon with different techniques recovered a full weight bearing and a satisfactory range of motion.
Conclusion Propeller flaps are a valuable option for skin reconstruction in case of defects of small and medium size not involving the tendon. In case of larger defects and when a simultaneous ATR reconstruction is required, a free flap seems to be a better option.
Accessory Anteromedial Portal may not Provide Clinically Superior Results Compared with the Anteromedial Portal in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ye Shu-Ming , Jing Jue-Hua , Lv Hao , Zhang Ji-Sen , Xu Xin-Zhong , Xu Chun-Gui , Zhou Yun , Xu You-Jia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTechniques using the anteromedial portal (AMP) and accessory anteromedial portal (AAMP) are commonly used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological and clinical outcomes of arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction using the AMP or AAMP technique to drill the femoral tunnel. The records of 157 patients who underwent single-bundle ACL reconstruction using the AMP or AAMP technique between 2011 and 2015 were reviewed. The femoral tunnel clock-face position and femoral tunnel and tibial tunnel anterior–posterior (AP) inclination angles were assessed on axial or AP magnetic resonance images. At last follow-up, the Lachman test and pivot-shift test were used to evaluate AP and rotational stability, respectively. The Lysholm knee scoring scale and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form were used to evaluate clinical and functional results. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in patient age, sex, follow-up period, or affected side distribution. The mean femoral tunnel inclination angle was 31.13 ± 8.06 degrees in the AMP group and 30.17 ± 9.02 degrees in the AAMP group (p = 0.513). The tibial tunnel inclination angle in the AMP group (16.28 ± 7.89 degrees) was not different from that in the AAMP group (13.70 ± 6.08 degrees). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the Lachman test, pivot-shift test, Lysholm knee scoring scale, or IKDC scores. The AAMP technique was not clinically superior to the AMP technique in ACL reconstruction. This is a retrospective comparative study and its level of evidence is III.
Das Os ethmoidale
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: October 2017

SummaryDas Siebbein (Os ethmoidale) ist ein kleiner Knochen des Kraniums (Schädel). Es wird dem Viszerokranium (Gesichtsschädel) zugeordnet. Es hat eine bedeutende Funktion für das Riechen und die Belüftung der Nase.
Homöopathische Begleitung bei Zahnschmerzen
Authors: Schule Roland 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungBei Schmerzen und Funktionsstörungen in der Mundhöhle und am Kauapparat sollte immer eine zahnärztliche, klinische Untersuchung erfolgen. Notwendige konservierende oder chirurgische Maßnahmen und Therapien dürfen nicht übersehen werden. Eine begleitende Therapie mit homöopathischen Arzneien im Sinne der akuten Krankheiten bietet viele Möglichkeiten, von der begleitenden Unterstützung bis hin zur Schmerzbeseitigung und Ausheilung von krankhaften Prozessen. Wie in vielen anderen klinischen Bereichen auch ist hier ein Miteinander der verschiedenen medizinischen Systeme immer zielführender und für den Patienten schonender als ein Entweder-oder.
Möglichkeiten der Homöopathie bei funktionellen Bauchschmerzen im Kindesalter
Authors: Lucae Christian 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungBauchschmerzen zählen zu den häufig vorkommenden Vorstellungsgründen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Es gibt bestimmte Kriterien, um Bauchschmerzen mit organischen Ursachen von den funktionellen Bauchschmerzen im Kindesalter abzugrenzen. Warnzeichen, die zu einer weiteren Abklärung der Beschwerden führen müssen, werden dargestellt. Schließlich stellt die Homöopathie eine praktische Methode dar, die zur Therapie funktioneller Bauchschmerzen geeignet ist. Einige Kasuistiken werden dazu vorgestellt.
Ein Fall von Herpes zoster
Authors: Jauch-Wimmer Brigitte 
Published: October 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird über den Verlauf eines akuten Herpes zoster rechts lumbal mit ausgeprägtem entzündlichem Bläschenausschlag und neuralgischen, auch nächtlichen Schmerzen sowie grippeähnlichen Allgemeinsymptomen berichtet. Die homöopathische Behandlung war binnen 4 Wochen mittels Rhus toxicodendron, Mercurius, Ranunculus bulbosus erfolgreich, ohne lokale Zinksalbe oder antivirale Mittel. Es kam zu keiner Chronifizierung.