bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideal Dimers of Gold Nanospheres for Precision Plasmonics: Synthesis and Characterization at the Single‐Particle Level for Identification of Higher Order Modes
Authors: Yoon Jun Hee , Selbach Florian , Langolf Ludmilla , Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIdeal dimers comprising gold nanoparticles with a smooth surface and high sphericity are synthesized by a substrate‐based assembly strategy with efficient cetyltrimethylammonium bromide removal. An unprecedented structural and plasmonic uniformity at the single‐particle level is observed since inhomogeneities resulting from variations in gap morphology are eliminated. Single ideal dimers are analyzed by polarization‐resolved dark‐field scattering spectroscopy. Contributions from transverse as well as quadrupolar and octupolar longitudinal plasmon coupling modes can be discriminated because of their orthogonal polarization behavior. The assignment of these higher order coupling modes is supported by computer simulations.
A novel approach for generic home emergency management and remote monitoring
Authors: Tiberkak Allal , Lemlouma Tayeb , Belkhir Abdelkader , Bouabdallah Ahmed , Hentout Abdelfetah 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a novel home emergency management system (HEMS) for managing home emergency situations. The proposed solution is a generic and based on normalized technologies. First, we have identified a set of requirements that a robust HEMS should satisfy (interoperability, security, mobility, etc). Then, we have opted for an extended finite‐state machine to detect and manage emergency situations. We also adopted WebRTC to enable communication in an interoperable manner. For securing our HEMS, we have used HTTPS, password, contextual role–based access control, and we have finally installed all the public servers into a protected area. The result obtained from the test‐bed demonstrates that the proposed HEMS fills all the listed requirements. Furthermore, it gives very interesting results in terms of round‐trip delay time and scalability.
Concise Review: The Use of Stem Cells for Understanding and Treating Huntington's Disease
Authors: Connor Bronwen 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Two decades ago, researchers identified that a CAG expansion mutation in the huntingtin (HTT) gene was involved in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). However, since the identification of the HTT gene, there has been no advance in the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce the progression of HD. With the recent advances in stem cell biology and human cell reprogramming technologies, several novel and exciting pathways have emerged allowing researchers to enhance their understanding of the pathogenesis of HD, to identify and screen potential drug targets, and to explore alternative donor cell sources for cell replacement therapy. This review will discuss the role of compensatory neurogenesis in the HD brain, the use of stem cell-based therapies for HD to replace or prevent cell loss, and the recent advance of cell reprogramming to model and/or treat HD. These new technologies, coupled with advances in genome editing herald a promising new era for HD research with the potential to identify a therapeutic strategy to alleviate this debilitating disorder.
Rethinking Transforming Communications: An Introduction
Authors: Hepp Andreas , Breiter Andreas , Hasebrink Uwe 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This chapter introduces the contributions to this volume in three stages. First, it is argued that when considering the present stage of deep mediatization, it is insufficient to concentrate solely on the media as such: one also has to consider how communication transforms with changing media. It is by virtue of the change in human communicative practices together with other social practices that processes of social construction change. This is what is called transforming communications. Second, the chapter outlines why it is helpful to take a figurational approach for researching such transforming communications. The term figuration goes back to Norbert Elias, who used it to describe structured interrelations between humans. However, for the analysis in question, it is extended to reflect questions of communication. Finally, this introduction provides an overview of the arguments presented in the following chapters.
Relating Face to Face. Communicative Practices and Political Decision-Making in a Changing Media Environment
Authors: Pritzlaff-Scheele Tanja , Nullmeier Frank 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhy do decision interactions within the field of politics still rely on face-to-face communication? While vast areas of day-to-day political practices and routines are backed up or substituted by electronically mediated forms of communication, face-to-face communication manifests itself as the core medium of political decision-making. In a time of ‘deep mediatization’, figurations of political decision-making seem to resist transformation, although they are surrounded by a changing media environment. Moreover, within the field of politics, face-to-face interactions even seem to gain importance as core elements of decision processes. Following the concept of communicative figurations, this chapter takes a closer look at the construction of relations within actor constellations involved in decision-making processes. Based on a micro-analysis of face-to-face group experiments and a series of computer-mediated chat experiments, typical sequences of face-to-face interaction are identified as significant elements of successful decision-making processes. The aim of this chapter is to show that these sequences or patterns of interaction produce and reproduce forms of relatedness within figurations of political decision-making.
Researching Communicative Figurations: Necessities and Challenges for Empirical Research
Authors: Lohmeier Christine , Böhling Rieke 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The chapter considers how the concept of communicative figurations can be employed in researching communities and collectivities in today’s deeply mediatized world. It does so by providing specific examples from previous projects and by mapping out different perspectives of thinking about empirical challenges. In a first step, we introduce the concept of communicative figurations and consider how this concept can be fruitful with regard to the necessities and challenges that pertain to two central steps of the research process: (1) approaching and conducting cross-media research and (2) defining the field of research and its limits. We consider both of these central steps as necessities as well as challenges when researching the life worlds of individuals and collectivites in today’s media environment empirically, and we argue that the concept of communicative figurations can provide a useful tool when dealing with some of the challenges. At the same time, it comes along with a set of necessities, which we address along the way. In the final section of the chapter, we then illustrate our considerations by giving the example of an ‘ideal’ study design that employs the concept of communicative figurations for a research project on the communicative construction of family memory. Again, we explain our conceptualization of this project along the lines of the necessities and the challenges of conducting cross-media research and delineating the boundaries of the research field.
Living Together in the Mediatized City: The Figurations of Young People’s Urban Communities
Authors: Hepp Andreas , Simon Piet , Sowinska Monika 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhat does deep mediatization mean to young people in their daily urban sense of community? Posing this question, the chapter analyzes the mediatization of young people’s urban community building in two German cities: Bremen and Leipzig. In doing so, ‘urban sense of community’ is not treated as a given, but as communicatively constructed in an open process that can assume different empirical forms. The chapter demonstrates that for young urban dwellers—besides family, acquaintances and colleagues—it is their network of friends that remains the primary figuration of their experience of community construction. However, mediatization is not only of importance when it comes to the communicative networking of young people via different digital devices. In addition, the frequented locations that are of importance for an ‘urban sense of community’ are highly mediatized. This can be understood as the figurative quality of individual sites of community construction; that is, the way the mediatization of particular locations in the city lends them a particular quality of community construction. Such an analysis leads to the question concerning the extent to which the city can, for young people, be something like an imagined community.
The Transformation of Journalism: From Changing Newsroom Cultures to a New Communicative Orientation?
Authors: Kramp Leif , Loosen Wiebke 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This chapter draws on three research projects on journalism, audience practices and newsroom cultures and uses them to illustrate the changing nature of the communicative relationship between journalists and audiences operating in a media environment characterized by digital technologies. This development in communicative practices is already yielding changes in traditional newsroom routines and could lead to a shift in the communicative orientation of journalism that puts an emphasis on dialogue, moderation and curation, instead of the unidirectional dissemination of news, a kind of dissemination that might not suffice any longer as a unique characteristic for journalism in the pluralistic information ecosphere of the digital realm. However, this chapter highlights that this transition follows neither a linear nor a simultaneous process for all segments of journalism, for all journalists or all audience members. In sum, this chapter confronts expectations about innovative journalistic practices and highlights how communicative forms and media ensembles, which were not available in the predigital era, establish new modes of dialogue with audiences. The conclusion discusses how this transformation of communicative figurations among journalists and media users affects their self-conception with regards to their roles and core functions in their given community and in society as a whole.
Constraints on the Genesis of the Jiande Polymetallic Copper Deposit in South China Using Fluid Inclusion and O-H-Pb Isotopes
Authors: Chen Hui , Ni Pei , Chen Ren-Yi , Lü Zhi-Cheng , Ye Tian-Zhu , Wang Guo-Guang , Pan Jun-Yi , Pang Zhen-Shan , Xue Jian-Ling , Yuan Hui-Xiang 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
The Jiande copper deposit is located in the Qin-Hang metallogenic belt, South China. The deposit is dominated by “stratiform-like” ores, which are hosted in the dolomite of the Upper Carboniferous Huanglong Formation. These ore bodies were previously proposed to be Carboniferous sedimentary exhalative (Sedex) style mineralization, but they also appear to be related to the Late Mesozoic granodiorite porphyry at Jiande. Three stages of mineralization can be observed. The prograde skarn minerals garnet and diopside were formed in the pre-ore stage. The “stratiform-like” ores, with minor quartz-polymetallic veins, were formed in the main mineralization stage. The post-ore stage is characterized by quartz-calcite ± pyrite veins. Fluid inclusions in quartz from the pre-ore skarn, the main stage of mineralization, and post-ore quartz–calcite ± pyrite veins were studied. Fluid inclusion petrography shows that two-phase liquid-rich (Type I), two-phase vapor-rich (Type II), and halite-bearing (Type III) fluid inclusions can be identified in the studied hydrothermal quartz samples. Primary Type II and Type III fluid inclusions only occur in quartz from the the main stage, whereas Type I fluid inclusions are present in all three stages of hydrothermal quartz. Type I fluid inclusions in pre-ore stage have homogenization temperatures of 290-368°C and salinities of 2.6-8.8 wt.% NaCl equiv. Type II and coexisting Type III fluid inclusions in the main stage share similar homogenization temperatures of 293 to 334 °C and 290 to 326 °C,but have two contrasting salinity ranges of 1.2 to 2.2 wt.% and 31.87 to 38.16 wt.% NaCl equiv, respectively. The coexistence of Type II and Type III fluid inclusions and their similar homogenization temperatures but contrasting salinities suggest that fluid boiling processes occurred. Type I fluid inclusions in the post-ore quartz–calcite veins have homogenization temperatures of 202-278 °C and salinities of 0.2-6.5 wt.% NaCl equiv. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes (δD ranges from -78 ‰ to -61 ‰, δ18OH2O calculated from quartz are from 8.1 ‰ to 10.6 ‰) of fluid inclusions in quartz imply that ore fluids were principally derived from magmatic water. The lead isotopes of sulfide from the ores are close to the orogenic Pb evolution curve and are also similar to those of the Jiande Jurassic igneous rocks, suggesting that the metals were sourced mostly from the Jurassic igneous rocks. The skarn alteration, inferred boiling fluid inclusion assemblages, stable isotopic features of magmatic fluids, and metal source imply that the main stages of mineralization in the Jiande polymetallic copper deposit is of skarn-type, related to Jurassic granodiorites.
Volatiles Associated with Granitoid Intrusives around Orogenic Gold Deposits in Ramagiri and Penakacherla Regions of Eastern Dharwar Craton, South India
Authors: Bhattacharya Sourabh , Panigrahi Mruganka K. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
The nature of magmatic fluid has been tested well in varied type of auriferous deposits. However, in context of orogenic gold deposits, there are not many studies that clearly point out the nature of fluids exsolved out of crystallizing granitoids. This study compares the fluid of late-stage magmatic origin with that causative for mineralization in gold camps of Ramagiri and Penakacherla in Eastern Dharwar Craton. Various types of fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) were identified in granitoid matrix quartz, pegmatites, quartz segregations and greenstone-hosted gold-quartz veins. The aqueous-carbonic (CH4-poor) and carbonic (CH4- and H2O-poor) inclusions are most common in pegmatites and quartz segregations, while the matrix quartz grains are generally devoid of CO2-bearing inclusions. On the other hand, auriferous veins in greenstone rocks show predominance of low to moderate salinity, aqueous-carbonic (variably CH4-bearing) inclusions. Inconsistencies in H2O/CO2 ratio and final homogenization properties of aqueous-carbonic inclusions within individual FIAs, apart from common occurrence of the FIA comprising aqueous-carbonic, carbonic and aqueous biphase inclusions, point to immiscibility in the ore fluid regime. Based on estimated microthermometric results, we attempt to deduce the evolution path of magmatic fluid with respect to that of fluid in ore zone. On this basis, a case for magmatic derivation of the ore fluid has been put forward. The difference in magmatic and auriferous fluid in terms of CO2/CH4 ratio are justifiable and allows us to visualize that aqueous-carbonic composition of orogenic gold fluid does not signify its exclusive origin through any particular process (or source), for example metamorphism.
Source and Causes of 2015 Great Pluvial Flood of Chennai, Tamil Nadu and its Surroundings
Authors: Akilan A. , Balaji S. , Abdul Azeez K. K. , Satyanarayanan M. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
A catastrophic heavy downpour was recorded in the month of November-December 2015 which devastated wealth, lives, disturbed the livelihood and regular activity of common man of Chennai city and its surroundings. Indian Metrological Department (IMD), Chennai warned the people in Chennai in advance about the atmospheric depression developed in the Indian Ocean region and moving towards Tamil Nadu coast. The Numerical Weather Modeling (NWM) retrieved parameters such as temperature and Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) along with the ISC earthquake catalog were analysed for the root cause of this phenomena and found a relation between the onset of the atmospheric weather change and the swarms of 8th to 9th November 2015 in the Indian Ocean region and associated thermal radiation. These swarms are generally associated with the submarine volcanic activity which released the thermal radiation from ocean floor that caused the ocean water to warm and evaporate. The consequence of incessant rainfall and the weather condition deviated from the normal climate and monsoon pattern. Thus, the abnormal and distinct weather condition that prevailed during the period has been triggered by the swarms in the north Sumatra oceanic region and the resultant effect was the great pluvial flood disaster in Chennai and its surroundings in November-December 2015.
Observations and modelling of first-year ice growth and simultaneous second-year ice ablation in the Prydz Bay, East Antarctica
Authors: Zhao Jiechen , Cheng Bin , Yang Qinghua , Vihma Timo , Zhang Lin 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
The seasonal cycle of fast ice thickness in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, was observed between March and December 2012. In March, we observed a 0.16 m thickness gain of 0.22 m-thick first-year ice (FYI), while 1.16 m-thick second-year ice (SYI) nearby simultaneously ablated by 0.59 m. A 1-D thermodynamic sea-ice model was applied to identify the factors that led to the simultaneous growth of FYI and melt of SYI. The different evolutions were explained by the difference in the conductive heat flux between the FYI and SYI. As the FYI was thin, there was a large temperature gradient between the ice base and the colder ice surface. This generated an upward conductive heat flux, which was larger than the heat flux from the ocean to the ice base, yielding basal growth of ice. In the case of the thicker SYI the temperature gradient and, hence, the conductive heat flux were smaller, and not sufficient to balance the oceanic heat flux at the ice base, yielding basal ablation. Penetration of solar radiation affected the conductive heat flux in both cases, and the model results were sensitive to the initial ice temperature profile and the uncertainty of the oceanic heat flux.
Linking winter and spring thermodynamic sea-ice states at critical scales using an object-based image analysis of Sentinel-1
Authors: Scharien RK , Segal R , Yackel JJ , Howell SEL , Nasonova S 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTChanging Arctic sea-ice extent and melt season duration, and increasing economic interest in the Arctic have prompted the need for enhanced marine ecosystem studies and improvements to dynamical and forecast models. Sea-ice melt pond fraction fp has been shown to be correlated with the September minimum ice extent due to its impact on ice albedo and heat uptake. Ice forecasts should benefit from knowledge of fp as melt ponds form several months in advance of ice retreat. This study goes further back by examining the potential to predict fp during winter using backscatter data from the commonly available Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar. An object-based image analysis links the winter and spring thermodynamic states of first-year and multiyear sea-ice types. Strong correlations between winter backscatter and spring fp, detected from high-resolution visible to near infrared imagery, are observed, and models for the retrieval of fp from Sentinel-1 data are provided (r2 ≥ 0.72). The models utilize HH polarization channel backscatter that is routinely acquired over the Arctic from the two-satellite Sentinel-1 constellation mission, as well as other past, current and future SAR missions operating in the same C-band frequency. Predicted fp is generally representative of major ice types first-year ice and multiyear ice during the stage in seasonal melt pond evolution where fp is closely related to spatial variations in ice topography.
Water Cultures Are More Sensitive Than Swab Cultures for the Detection of EnvironmentalLegionella
Authors: Decker Brooke K. , Harris Patricia L. , Toy Diana L. , Muder Robert R. , Sonel Ali F. , Clancy Cornelius J. 
Published: November 2017

Water cultures were significantly more sensitive than concurrently collected swab cultures (n=2,147 each) in detectingLegionella pneumophilawithin a Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Sensitivity for water versus swab cultures was 90% versus 30% overall, 83% versus 48% during a nosocomial Legionnaires’ disease outbreak, and 93% versus 22% post outbreak.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:108–110
Turbulent boundary layers absent mean shear
Authors: Johnson Blair A. , Cowen Edwin A. 
Published: November 2017

We perform an experimental study to investigate the turbulent boundary layer above a stationary solid glass bed in the absence of mean shear. High Reynolds number $(Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\sim 300)$ horizontally homogeneous isotropic turbulence is generated via randomly actuated synthetic jet arrays (RASJA – Variano & Cowen J. Fluid Mech. vol. 604, 2008, pp. 1–32). Each of the arrays is controlled by a spatio-temporally varying algorithm, which in turn minimizes the formation of secondary mean flows. One array consists of an $8\times 8$ grid of jets, while the other is a $16\times 16$ array. Particle image velocimetry measurements are used to study the isotropic turbulent region and the boundary layer formed beneath as the turbulence encounters a stationary wall. The flow is characterized with statistical metrics including the mean flow and turbulent velocities, turbulent kinetic energy, integral scales and the turbulent kinetic energy transport equation, which includes the energy dissipation rate, production and turbulent transport. The empirical constant in the Tennekes (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 67, 1975, pp. 561–567) model of Eulerian frequency spectra is calculated based on the dissipation results and temporal frequency spectra from acoustic Doppler velocimetry measurements. We compare our results to prior literature that addresses mean shear free turbulent boundary layer characterizations via grid-stirred tank experiments, moving-bed experiments, rapid-distortion theory and direct numerical simulations in a forced turbulent box. By varying the operational parameters of the randomly actuated synthetic jet array, we also find that we are able to control the turbulence levels, including integral length scales and dissipation rates, by changing the mean on-times in the jet algorithm.
Evolution and stationarity of liquid toroidal drop in compressional Stokes flow
Authors: Ee B. K. , Lavrenteva O. M. , Smagin I. , Nir A. 
Published: November 2017

Dynamics of fluid tori in slow viscous flow is studied. Such tori are of interest as future carriers of biological and medicinal substances and are also viewed as potential building blocks towards more complex particles. In this study the immiscible ambient fluid is subject to a compressional flow (i.e., bi-extensional flow), and it comprises a generalization of our earlier report on the particular case with viscosity ratio$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=1$(see Zabarankinet al.,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 785, 2015, pp. 372–400), where$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$is the ratio between the torus viscosity and that of the ambient fluid. It is found that, for all viscosity ratios, the torus either collapses towards the axis of symmetry or expands indefinitely, depending on the initial conditions and the capillary number,Ca. During these dynamic patterns the cross-sections exhibit various forms of deformation. The collapse and expansion dynamic modes are separated by a limited deformation into a deformed stationary state which appears to exist in a finite interval of the capillary number,$0<Ca<Ca_{cr}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D706})$, and is unstable to axisymmetric disturbances, which eventually cause the torus either to collapse or to expand indefinitely. The characteristic dimensions and shapes of these unstable stationary tori and their dependence on the physical parametersCaand$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$are reported.