bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hanging-wall colluvial cementation along active normal faults
Authors: Mason Jack , Schneiderwind Sascha , Pallikarakis Aggelos , Mechernich Silke , Papanikolaou Ioannis , Reicherter Klaus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMany active normal faults throughout the Aegean juxtapose footwall limestone against hanging-wall colluvium. In places, this colluvium becomes cemented and forms large hanging-wall lobes or sheets of varying thickness attached to the bedrock fault. Investigations at the Lastros Fault in eastern Crete allow us to define criteria to distinguish between cemented colluvium and fault cataclasite (tectonic breccia), which is often present at bedrock faults. Macro- and microscopic descriptions of the cemented colluvium show that the colluvium was originally deposited through both rockfalls and debris flows. Stable isotope analyses of oxygen and carbon from 83 samples indicate that cementation then occurred through meteoric fluid flow in the fault zone from springs at localised positions along strike. Palaeotemperature calculations of the parent water from which the calcite cement precipitated are indicative of a climate between 7°C and 10°C colder than Crete’s present average annual temperature. This most likely represents the transition between a glacial and interglacial period in the late Pleistocene. Ground-penetrating radar also indicates that cemented colluvium is present in the hanging-wall subsurface below uncemented colluvium. Using these results, a model for the temporal development of the fault and formation of the cemented colluvium is proposed.
Presence of the snow leopard Panthera uncia confirmed at four sites in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains
Authors: Buzzard Paul J. , MaMing Roller , Turghan Mardan , Xiong Jiawu , Zhang Tong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia is a flagship species of mountainous central Asia, and a conservation concern. China has the largest extent of potential snow leopard habitat and is thus crucial for snow leopard conservation. There are many challenges to snow leopard conservation in China, however, and there is still little information on the species for many geographical locations, including the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang province, which are important because they potentially connect snow leopard populations in Krygyzstan and Kazakhstan with those in Mongolia. We used camera traps in four areas across eastern, central and western Tianshan, with a total survey effort of 3,216 camera-trapping days. We confirmed the presence of snow leopards and an abundance of potential snow leopard prey, including the Siberian ibex Capra sibirica, in all areas. We found 2–3 individual adult snow leopards at each site, with relatively limited survey effort, and more study is needed to fully investigate the importance of the Tianshan Mountains for the species. Establishing more protected areas is essential for snow leopard conservation, and we have used data from this study to apply for protected area status for several areas.
DRUG DISINVESTMENT FRAMEWORKS: COMPONENTS, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Maloney Mary Alison , Schwartz Lisa , O'Reilly Daria , Levine Mitchel 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:Value assessments of marketed drug technologies have been developed through disinvestment frameworks. Components of these frameworks are varied and implementation challenges are prevalent. The objective of this systematic literature review was to describe disinvestment framework process components for drugs and to report on framework components, challenges, and solutions.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted using the terms: reassessment, reallocation, reinvestment, disinvestment, delist, decommission or obsolescence in MEDLINE, EMBASE, NLM PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL from January 1, 2000, until November 14, 2015. Additional citations were identified through a gray literature search of Health Technology Assessment international (HTAi) and the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) member Web sites and from bibliographies of full-text reviewed manuscripts.Results:Sixty-three articles underwent full text review and forty were included in the qualitative analysis. Framework components including disinvestment terms and definitions, identification and prioritization criteria and methods, assessment processes, stakeholders and dissemination strategies, challenges, and solutions were compiled. This review finds that stakeholders lack the political, administrative, and clinical will to support disinvestment and that there is not one disinvestment framework that is considered best practice.Conclusions:Drug technology disinvestment components and processes vary and challenges are numerous. Future research should focus on lessening value assessment challenges. This could include adopting more neutral framework terminology, setting fixed reassessment timelines, conducting therapeutic reviews, and modifying current qualitative decision-making assessment frameworks.
SEMANTIC AND STRUCTURAL TASKS FOR THE MAPPING COMPONENT OF L2 VOCABULARY LEARNING
Authors: Kida Shusaku , Barcroft Joe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe type of processing–resource allocation (TOPRA) model predicts that increasing one type of processing (semantic, structural, or mapping oriented) can decrease other types of processing and their learning counterparts. This study examined how semantic and structural tasks affect the mapping component of second language (L2) vocabulary learning. Japanese-speaking L2 English learners attempted to map secondary meanings of 24 English homographs. Each participant studied them (a) while making pleasantness ratings about word meaning (mapping plus semantic processing); (b) while counting letters in each word (mapping plus structural processing); and (c) without any additional task (mapping only). Results of L1 (first language) and L2 free recalls and L2-to-L1 and L1-to-L2 cued recalls indicated higher free recall in the semantic condition over the structural condition and higher cued recall in the mapping condition over the semantic and structural conditions, providing qualitatively new evidence for TOPRA model predictions.
Contribution of ultra-processed foods in the diet of adults from the French NutriNet-Santé study
Authors: Julia Chantal , Martinez Lucien , Allès Benjamin , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Méjean Caroline , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveConcerns have been raised about the potential health impact of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the diet. Our objective was to investigate the contribution of UPF in the diet in a large French population and its association with sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns.DesignCross-sectional analysis of dietary data from 74 470 participants in the web-based NutriNet-Santé cohort. UPF were identified in repeated 24 h records and the proportion (in weight) of UPF in the total diet (UPFp) was computed for each participant. Associations of sociodemographic characteristics and UPFp in quartiles were assessed using multivariate multinomial logistic regression. Food group consumption and nutrient intakes across quartiles of UPFp were estimated using linear regression adjusted for sociodemographic factors and energy intake.SettingFrance.ResultsUPF contributed 18·4 % of the foods consumed in weight and 35·9 % of total energy intake. Higher UPFp consumption was independently associated with male gender, younger age, lower education, smoking, and overweight and obesity (all P<0·0001). Participants in the highest UPFp quartile consumed lower amounts of fruit and vegetables (difference between quartile 4 and quartile 1 of UPFp, Δ=−180·3 g/d) and higher amounts of sweet products (Δ=68·5 g/d) and soft drinks (Δ=98·6 g/d; all P<0·0001). They had higher intakes of energy (Δ=610 kJ/d (145·7 kcal/d)) and added sugar (Δ=17·1 g/d), and lower intakes of fibre (Δ=−4·04 g/d), β-carotene (Δ=−1019·6 μg/d) and Ca (Δ=−87·8 mg/d; all P<0·0001).ConclusionsUPF represent an important part of the diet in adults from the French general population and are associated with unbalanced nutritional intakes.
Parental coping in the context of having a child who is facing death: A theoretical framework
Authors: Darlington Anne-Sophie E. , Korones David N. , Norton Sally A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:While improvements in healthcare have resulted in children with complex and life-threatening conditions living longer, a proportion of them still die. The death of a child puts parents at increased risk for anxiety, depression, and complicated grief. Increasing our understanding of the coping strategies that parents use under such extreme circumstances will enable us to best provide support to families, before and after a child's death. Our aim herein was to develop a theoretical framework of parental coping.Method:Evidence from the literature was employed to develop a theoretical framework to describe parental coping in the context of having a child with a life-limiting illness who is declining and facing eventual death.Results:The reasoning and argument consists of three guiding elements: (1) the importance of approach as well as avoidance (as coping strategies) in the context of managing the extreme emotions; (2) the importance of the social aspect of coping within a family, whereby parents cope for others as well as for themselves; and (3) the importance of a flexible and balanced coping profile, with parents using different coping strategies simultaneously. Central to the proposed framework is that effective coping, in terms of adjustment, is achieved by balancing coping strategies: accessing different coping strategies simultaneously or in parallel with a specific focus on (1) approach and avoidance and (2) coping aimed at self and others.Significance of results:Understanding of parental coping strategies is essential for health professionals in order to support parents effectively.
Disturbance features, coordination and cooperation: an institutional economics analysis of adaptations in the Spanish irrigation sector
Authors: VILLAMAYOR-TOMAS SERGIO 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper explores associations between disturbances and cooperative responses in a selection of irrigation associations from Spain. Transaction costs and collective action theories are used to characterize disturbances and responses. Disturbances are characterized by looking at the uncertainty they generate, their frequency, the distance of the transacting partners they affect, and their impact on asset-specific transactions. Responses are assessed based on the collective action tasks they involve and classified into coordination and cooperation responses. A qualitative comparative analysis confirms two pathways that are sufficient for the emergence of cooperation responses. The first path is congruent with transaction costs theory, and points to disturbances that are frequent and asset specific; the second path supports relational theory, and points to disturbances that emerge progressively from within the system. Other patterns include the tendency of irrigation associations to delegate to external entities when disturbances are external and occur frequently; and the adaptation of existing institutions when the disturbances are internal and progressive.
p75NTR antagonists attenuate photoreceptor cell loss in murine models of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Platón-Corchado María , Barcelona Pablo F , Jmaeff Sean , Marchena Miguel , Hernández-Pinto Alberto M , Hernández-Sánchez Catalina , Saragovi H Uri , de la Rosa Enrique J 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProNGF signaling through p75NTR has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a group of inherited retinal dystrophies that causes progressive photoreceptor cell degeneration and death, at a rate dependent on the genetic mutation. There are more than 300 mutations causing RP, and this is a challenge to therapy. Our study was designed to explore a common mechanism for p75NTR in the progression of RP, and assess its potential value as a therapeutic target. The proNGF/p75NTR system is present in the dystrophic retina of the rd10 RP mouse model. Compared with wild-type (WT) retina, the levels of unprocessed proNGF were increased in the rd10 retina at early degenerative stages, before the peak of photoreceptor cell death. Conversely, processed NGF levels were similar in rd10 and WT retinas. ProNGF remained elevated throughout the period of photoreceptor cell loss, correlating with increased expression of α2-macroglobulin, an inhibitor of proNGF processing. The neuroprotective effect of blocking p75NTR was assessed in organotypic retinal cultures from rd10 and RhoP mouse models. Retinal explants treated with p75NTR antagonists showed significantly reduced photoreceptor cell death, as determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and by preservation of the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), where photoreceptor nuclei are located. This effect was accompanied by decreased retinal-reactive gliosis and reduced TNFα secretion. Use of p75NTR antagonist THX-B (1,3-diisopropyl-1-[2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-purin-7-yl)-acetyl]-urea) in vivo in the rd10 and RhoP mouse models, by a single intravitreal or subconjunctival injection, afforded neuroprotection to photoreceptor cells, with preservation of the ONL. This study demonstrates a role of the p75NTR/proNGF axis in the progression of RP, and validates these proteins as therapeutic targets in two different RP models, suggesting utility irrespective of etiology.
Killing two birds with one stone: dual blockade of integrin and FGF signaling through targeting syndecan-4 in postoperative capsular opacification
Authors: Qin Yingyan , Zhu Yi , Luo Furong , Chen Chuan , Chen Xiaoyun , Wu Mingxing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe most common complication after cataract surgery is postoperative capsular opacification, which includes anterior capsular opacification (ACO) and posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Increased adhesion of lens epithelial cells (LECs) to the intraocular lens material surface promotes ACO formation, whereas proliferation and migration of LECs to the posterior capsule lead to the development of PCO. Cell adhesion is mainly mediated by the binding of integrin to extracellular matrix proteins, while cell proliferation and migration are regulated by fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Syndecan-4 (SDC-4) is a co-receptor for both integrin and FGF signaling pathways. Therefore, SDC-4 may be an ideal therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of postoperative capsular opacification. However, how SDC-4 contributes to FGF-mediated proliferation, migration, and integrin-mediated adhesion of LECs is unclear. Here, we found that downregulation of SDC-4 inhibited FGF signaling through the blockade of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation, thus suppressing cell proliferation and migration. In addition, downregulation of SDC-4 suppressed integrin-mediated cell adhesion through inhibiting focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation. Moreover, SDC-4 knockout mice exhibited normal lens morphology, but had significantly reduced capsular opacification after injury. Finally, SDC-4 expression level was increased in the anterior capsule LECs of age-related cataract patients. Taken together, we for the first time characterized the key regulatory role of SDC-4 in FGF and integrin signaling in human LECs, and provided the basis for future pharmacological interventions of capsular opacification.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation restores filaggrin expression via OVOL1 in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Tsuji Gaku , Hashimoto-Hachiya Akiko , Kiyomatsu-Oda Mari , Takemura Masaki , Ohno Fumitaka , Ito Takamichi , Morino-Koga Saori , Mitoma Chikage , Nakahara Takeshi , Uchi Hiroshi , Furue Masutaka 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFilaggrin (FLG) mutation is a well-confirmed genetic aberration in atopic dermatitis (AD). Genome-wide association studies on AD have revealed other susceptibility genes, for example, Ovo-like 1 (OVOL1). Nonetheless, the relation between FLG and OVOL1 is unclear. Because aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; a ligand-activated transcription factor), plays a role in FLG expression in keratinocytes, we hypothesized that AHR regulates FLG expression via OVOL1. To demonstrate this mechanism, we analyzed FLG expression in OVOL1-overexpressing or OVOL1-knockdown normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Furthermore, we tested whether AHR activation by 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ), an endogenous AHR ligand, or Glyteer, clinically used soybean tar, upregulates FLG and OVOL1 expression in NHEKs. We found that (1) OVOL1 regulates FLG expression; (2) AHR activation upregulates OVOL1; and (3) AHR activation upregulates FLG via OVOL1. Moreover, nuclear translocation of OVOL1 was less pronounced in AD skin compared with normal skin. IL-4-treated NHEKs, an in vitro AD skin model, also showed inhibition of the OVOL1 nuclear translocation, which was restored by FICZ and Glyteer. Thus, targeting the AHR–OVOL1–FLG axis may provide new therapeutics for AD.
BAG3 promotes stem cell-like phenotype in breast cancer by upregulation of CXCR4 via interaction with its transcript
Authors: Liu Bao-Qin , Zhang Song , Li Si , An Ming-Xin , Li Chao , Yan Jing , Wang Jia-Mei , Wang Hua-Qin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBAG3 is an evolutionarily conserved co-chaperone expressed at high levels and has a prosurvival role in many tumor types. The current study reported that BAG3 was induced under specific floating culture conditions that enrich breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-like cells in spheres. Ectopic BAG3 overexpression increased CD44+/CD24− CSC subpopulations, first-generation and second-generation mammosphere formation, indicating that BAG3 promotes CSC self-renewal and maintenance in breast cancer. We further demonstrated that mechanically, BAG3 upregulated CXCR4 expression at the post-transcriptional level. Further studies showed that BAG3 interacted with CXCR4 mRNA and promoted its expression via its coding and 3′-untranslational regions. BAG3 was also found to be positively correlated with CXCR4 expression and unfavorable prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Taken together, our data demonstrate that BAG3 promotes BCSC-like phenotype through CXCR4 via interaction with its transcript. Therefore, this study establishes BAG3 as a potential adverse prognostic factor and a therapeutic target of breast cancer.
Amoeba-like self-oscillating polymeric fluids with autonomous sol-gel transition
Authors: Onoda Michika , Ueki Takeshi , Tamate Ryota , Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the field of polymer science, many kinds of polymeric material systems that show a sol-gel transition have been created. However, most systems are unidirectional stimuli-responsive systems that require physical signals such as a change in temperature. Here, we report on the design of a block copolymer solution that undergoes autonomous and periodic sol-gel transition under constant conditions without any on–off switching through external stimuli. The amplitude of this self-oscillation of the viscosity is about 2,000 mPa s. We also demonstrate an intermittent forward motion of a droplet of the polymer solution synchronized with the autonomous sol-gel transition. This polymer solution bears the potential to become the base for a type of slime-like soft robot that can transform its shape kaleidoscopically and move autonomously, which is associated with the living amoeba that moves forward by a repeated sol-gel transition.
Manipulation of nuclear architecture through CRISPR-mediated chromosomal looping
Authors: Morgan Stefanie L. , Mariano Natasha C. , Bermudez Abel , Arruda Nicole L. , Wu Fangting , Luo Yunhai , Shankar Gautam , Jia Lin , Chen Huiling , Hu Ji-Fan , Hoffman Andrew R. , Huang Chiao-Chain , Pitteri Sharon J. , Wang Kevin C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChromatin looping is key to gene regulation, yet no broadly applicable methods to selectively modify chromatin loops have been described. We have engineered a method for chromatin loop reorganization using CRISPR-dCas9 (CLOuD9) to selectively and reversibly establish chromatin loops. We demonstrate the power of this technology to selectively modulate gene expression at targeted loci.
Radiocarbon constraints on the glacial ocean circulation and its impact on atmospheric CO2
Authors: Skinner L. C. , Primeau F. , Freeman E. , de la Fuente M. , Goodwin P. A. , Gottschalk J. , Huang E. , McCave I. N. , Noble T. L. , Scrivner A. E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhile the ocean’s large-scale overturning circulation is thought to have been significantly different under the climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the exact nature of the glacial circulation and its implications for global carbon cycling continue to be debated. Here we use a global array of ocean–atmosphere radiocarbon disequilibrium estimates to demonstrate a ∼689±53 14C-yr increase in the average residence time of carbon in the deep ocean at the LGM. A predominantly southern-sourced abyssal overturning limb that was more isolated from its shallower northern counterparts is interpreted to have extended from the Southern Ocean, producing a widespread radiocarbon age maximum at mid-depths and depriving the deep ocean of a fast escape route for accumulating respired carbon. While the exact magnitude of the resulting carbon cycle impacts remains to be confirmed, the radiocarbon data suggest an increase in the efficiency of the biological carbon pump that could have accounted for as much as half of the glacial–interglacial CO2 change.
Early-life disruption of amphibian microbiota decreases later-life resistance to parasites
Authors: Knutie Sarah A. , Wilkinson Christina L. , Kohl Kevin D. , Rohr Jason R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChanges in the early-life microbiota of hosts might affect infectious disease risk throughout life, if such disruptions during formative times alter immune system development. Here, we test whether an early-life disruption of host-associated microbiota affects later-life resistance to infections by manipulating the microbiota of tadpoles and challenging them with parasitic gut worms as adults. We find that tadpole bacterial diversity is negatively correlated with parasite establishment in adult frogs: adult frogs that had reduced bacterial diversity as tadpoles have three times more worms than adults without their microbiota manipulated as tadpoles. In contrast, adult bacterial diversity during parasite exposure is not correlated with parasite establishment in adult frogs. Thus, in this experimental setup, an early-life disruption of the microbiota has lasting reductions on host resistance to infections, which is possibly mediated by its effects on immune system development. Our results support the idea that preventing early-life disruption of host-associated microbiota might confer protection against diseases later in life.