bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized water reverberation phases and its impact on backprojection images
Authors: Yue Han , Castellanos Jorge C. , Yu Chunquan , Meng Lingsen , Zhan Zhongwen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCoherent radiators imaged by backprojections (BP) are commonly interpreted as part of the rupture process. Nevertheless, artifacts introduced by structure related phases are rarely discriminated from the rupture process. In this study, we use a calibration event to discriminate between rupture and structure effects. We reexamine the waveforms and BP images of the 2012 Mw 7.2 Indian Ocean earthquake and a calibration event (Mw 6.2). The P wave codas of both events present similar shape with characteristic period of approximately 10 s, which are backprojected as coherent radiators near the trench. S wave BP does not image energy radiation near the trench. We interpret those coda waves as localized water reverberation phases excited near the trench. We perform a 2‐D waveform modeling using realistic bathymetry model and find that the steep near‐trench bathymetry traps the acoustic water waves forming localized reverberation phases. These waves can be imaged as coherent near‐trench radiators with similar features as that in the observations. We present a set of methodologies to discriminate between the rupture and propagation effects in BP images, which can serve as a criterion of subevent identification.
Precipitation onset as the temporal reference in convective self‐organization
Authors: Haerter Jan O. , Berg Peter , Moseley Christopher 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn a dry convective boundary layer, convective patterns of typical scales spontaneously develop, qualitatively similar to those in a fluid which is placed between two horizontal plates and sufficiently heated from below. As soon as precipitating cumulus clouds form, this pattern is disturbed and a transition to a different state occurs. Here we use idealized large‐eddy simulations to explore how the horizontal scale of convection is modified during this transition in the course of a diurnal cycle. Before onset of precipitation, cells with relatively constant diameter self‐organize, with diameters roughly on the scale of the atmospheric boundary layer height. We find that the onset of precipitation then signals an approximately linear increase in horizontal scale with time. For our transient simulations, this scale increase progresses at a speed which is relatively insensitive to modifications in mean surface temperature, modifications in the rate at which surface temperature changes, or the initial lapse rate. When exploring the strength of the spatial correlations, we find that precipitation onset causes a sudden disruption of order and a subsequent decline of organization—until precipitation eventually ceases. We discuss possible implications for the development of extreme precipitation events.
A global enhancement of hydrogen cyanide in the lower stratosphere throughout 2016
Authors: Sheese Patrick E. , Walker Kaley A. , Boone Chris D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn September–October 2015, El Niño‐driven weather conditions led to one of the most intense Indonesian peatland burning events in recent history. Consequently, an unprecedented amount of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was emitted from Southeast Asia and transported into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, which was then transported by the general circulation from the tropics to polar latitudes. By early 2016, the daily mean concentrations of HCN in the lower stratosphere at all latitudes, as measured by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS) instrument, were the largest on record for the region, on the order of 40–90% greater than the climatological mean and ~40% greater than the 2007 El Niño‐driven values. By December 2016, levels of polar HCN in the lower stratosphere were still on the order 10–20% greater than the climatological mean. These ACE‐FTS measurements are thus vital for interpreting ground‐based and nadir satellite measurements of HCN made during 2016 and could be used to help validate tropospheric‐stratospheric exchange in climate models.
Vertical rise velocity of equatorial plasma bubbles estimated from Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) observations and HIRB model simulations
Authors: Tulasi Ram S. , Ajith K. K. , Yokoyama T. , Yamamoto M. , Niranjan K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe vertical rise velocity (Vr) and maximum altitude (Hm) of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were estimated using the two‐dimensional fan sector maps of 47 MHz Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR), Kototabang, during May 2010 to April 2013. A total of 86 EPBs were observed out of which 68 were postsunset EPBs and remaining 18 EPBs were observed around midnight hours. The vertical rise velocities of the EPBs observed around the midnight hours are significantly smaller (~26–128 m/s) compared to those observed in postsunset hours (~45–265 m/s). Further, the vertical growth of the EPBs around midnight hours ceases at relatively lower altitudes, whereas the majority of EPBs at postsunset hours found to have grown beyond the maximum detectable altitude of the EAR. The three‐dimensional numerical high‐resolution bubble (HIRB) model with varying background conditions are employed to investigate the possible factors that control the vertical rise velocity and maximum attainable altitudes of EPBs. The estimated rise velocities from EAR observations at both postsunset and midnight hours are, in general, consistent with the nonlinear evolution of EPBs from the HIRB model. The smaller vertical rise velocities (Vr) and lower maximum altitudes (Hm) of EPBs during midnight hours are discussed in terms of weak polarization electric fields within the bubble due to weaker background electric fields and reduced background ion density levels.
Barriers and Facilitators of Mentoring for Trainees and Early Career Investigators in Rheumatology Research: Current State, Identification of Needs, and Road Map to an Inter‐Institutional Adult Rheumatology Mentoring Program
Authors: Ogdie Alexis , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Angeles‐Han Sheila T. , Bush Kathleen , Castelino Flavia V. , Golding Amit , Jiang Yihui , Kahlenberg J. Michelle , Kim Alfred H. J. , Lee Yvonne C. , Machireddy Kirthi , Ombrello Michael J. , Shah Ami A. , Wallace Zachary S. , Nigrovic Peter A. , Makris Una E. ,   for the American College of Rheumatology Early Career Investigator Subcommittee of the Committee on Research
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo determine perceived barriers and facilitators to effective mentoring for early career rheumatology investigators and to develop a framework for an inter‐institutional mentoring program.MethodsFocus groups or interviews with rheumatology fellows, junior faculty, and mentors were conducted, audiorecorded, and transcribed. Content analysis was performed using NVivo software. Themes were grouped into categories (e.g., mentor‐mentee relationship, barriers, and facilitators of a productive relationship). Rheumatology fellows and early career investigators were also surveyed nationwide to identify specific needs to be addressed through an inter‐institutional mentoring program.ResultsTwenty‐five individuals participated in focus groups or interviews. Attributes of the ideal mentee‐mentor relationship included communication, accessibility, regular meetings, shared interests, aligned goals, and mutual respect. The mentee should be proactive, efficient, engaged, committed, focused, accountable, and respectful of the mentor's time. The mentor should support/promote the mentee, shape the mentee's goals and career plan, address day‐to‐day questions, provide critical feedback, be available, and have team leadership skills. Barriers included difficulty with career path navigation, gaining independence, internal competition, authorship, time demands, funding, and work‐life balance. Facilitators of a successful relationship included having a diverse network of mentors filling different roles, mentor‐mentee relationship management, and confidence. Among 187 survey respondents, the primary uses of an inter‐institutional mentoring program were career development planning and oversight, goal‐setting, and networking.ConclusionsIn this mixed‐methods study, tangible factors for optimizing the mentor‐mentee relationship were identified and will inform the development of an adult rheumatology inter‐institutional mentoring program.
Effects of a Web‐Based Patient Decision Aid on Biologic and Small‐Molecule Agents for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Proof‐of‐Concept Study
Authors: Li Linda C. , Shaw Chris D. , Lacaille Diane , Yacyshyn Elaine , Jones C. Allyson , Koehn Cheryl , Hoens Alison M. , Geldman Jasmina , Sayre Eric C. , Macdonald Graham G. , Leese Jenny , Bansback Nick 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which ANSWER‐2, an interactive online patient decision aid, reduces patients’ decisional conflict and improves their medication‐related knowledge and self‐management capacity.MethodsWe used a pre–post study design. Eligible participants had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), had been recommended to start using a biologic agent or small‐molecule agent or to switch to a new one, and had internet access. Access to ANSWER‐2 was provided immediately after enrollment. Outcome measures included 1) the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), 2) the Medication Education Impact Questionnaire (MeiQ), and 3) the Partners in Health Scale (PIHS). A paired t‐test was used to assess differences pre‐ and postintervention.ResultsThe majority of the 50 participants were women (n = 40), and the mean ± SD age of participants was 49.6 ± 12.2 years. The median disease duration was 5 years (25th, 75th percentile: 2, 10 years). The mean ± SD DCS score was 45.9 ± 25.1 preintervention and 25.1 ± 21.8 postintervention (mean change of −21.2 of 100 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −28.1, −14.4], P < 0.001). Before using ANSWER‐2, 20% of participants had a DCS score of <25, compared to 52% of participants after the intervention. Similar results were observed in the PIHS (mean ± SD 25.3 ± 14.8 preintervention and 20.4 ± 13.0 postintervention; mean change of −3.7 of 88 [95% CI −6.3, −1.0], P = 0.009). Findings from the MeiQ were mixed, with statistically significant differences found only in the self‐management subscales.ConclusionPatients’ decisional conflict decreased and perceived self‐management capacity improved after using ANSWER‐2. Future research comparing the effectiveness of ANSWER‐2 with that of educational material on biologic agents will provide further insight into its value in RA management.
Cluster‐Randomized Trial of a Behavioral Intervention to Incorporate a Treat‐to‐Target Approach to Care of US Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Harrold Leslie R. , Reed George W. , John Ani , Barr Christine J. , Soe Kevin , Magner Robert , Saunders Katherine C. , Ruderman Eric M. , Haselkorn Tmirah , Greenberg Jeffrey D. , Gibofsky Allan , Harrington J. Timothy , Kremer Joel M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and efficacy of implementing a treat‐to‐target approach versus usual care in a US‐based cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients.MethodsIn this behavioral intervention trial, rheumatology practices were cluster‐randomized to provide treat‐to‐target care or usual care. Eligible patients with moderate/high disease activity (Clinical Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score >10) were followed for 12 months. Both treat‐to‐target and usual care patients were seen every 3 months. Treat‐to‐target providers were to have monthly visits with treatment acceleration at a minimum of every 3 months in patients with CDAI score >10; additional visits and treatment acceleration were at the discretion of usual care providers and patients. Coprimary end points were feasibility, assessed by rate of treatment acceleration conditional on CDAI score >10, and achievement of low disease activity (LDA; CDAI score ≤10) by an intent‐to‐treat analysis.ResultsA total of 14 practice sites per study arm were included (246 patients receiving treat‐to‐target and 286 receiving usual care). The groups had similar baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Rates of treatment acceleration (treat‐to‐target 47% versus usual care 50%; odds ratio [OR] 0.92 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.64, 1.34]) and achievement of LDA (treat‐to‐target 57% versus usual care 55%; OR 1.05 [95% CI 0.60, 1.84]) were similar between groups. Treat‐to‐target providers reported patient reluctance and medication lag time as common barriers to treatment acceleration.ConclusionThis study is the first to examine the feasibility and efficacy of a treat‐to‐target approach in typical US rheumatology practice. Treat‐to‐target care was not associated with increased likelihood of treatment acceleration or achievement of LDA, and barriers to treatment acceleration were identified.
Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Aminoalkylation of Alkenes with α‐Bromoalkyl Esters and Amines toward Pyrrolidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Pan Gao‐Hui , Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Hu Ming , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe here describe a new copper‐catalyzed tandem annulation of alkenes with α‐bromoalkyl esters and primary amines for producing polysubstituted pyrrolidin‐2‐ones. The reaction allows the formation of three new chemical bonds, one C–C bond and two C–N bonds, in a single reaction, and represents the first three‐component difunctionalization of alkenes for the synthesis of pyrrolidin‐2‐ones involving [2+2+1] annulation.magnified image
Evaluation of a state based syndromic surveillance system for the classification and capture of non‐fatal occupational injuries and illnesses in New Jersey
Authors: Borjan Marija , Lumia Margaret 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThis preliminary study evaluates a real‐time syndromic surveillance system to track occupationally‐related emergency room visits throughout New Jersey.MethodsEmergency Department (ED) chief complaint fields were evaluated from 79 of 80 hospitals in NJ in 2014, using work‐related keywords and ICD‐9 E‐codes, to determine its ability to capture non‐fatal work‐related injuries. Sensitivity analysis and descriptive statistics, were used to evaluate and summarize the occupational injuries identified.ResultsOverall, 11 919 (0.3%) possible work‐related ED visits were identified from all ED visits. Events with the greatest number of ED visits were slips, trips, and falls (1679, 14%). Nature of injury included cuts, lacerations (1041, 9%). The part of the body most affected was the back (1414, 12%). This work‐related classifier achieved a sensitivity of 5.4%, a specificity of 99.8%, and a PPV of 2.8%.ConclusionsThis evaluation demonstrated that the syndromic surveillance reporting system can yield real‐time knowledge of work‐related injuries.
The effect of allergen immunotherapy in the onset of new sensitizations: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Di Lorenzo Gabriele , Leto‐Barone Maria Stefania , La Piana Simona , Plaia Antonella , Di Bona Danilo 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundAlthough the preventive efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in the onset of new allergen sensitizations has been asserted by many reviews, position papers, and consensus conferences, the evidence available is from only 3 studies. The objective of this work was a systematic review to evaluate the preventive efficacy of AIT in the onset of new allergen sensitizations. The end‐point was the risk difference (RD) in the onset of new allergen sensitizations between patients treated with AIT and pharmacotherapy.MethodsComputerized bibliographic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (until November 30th, 2016) were done. Random‐effects and fixed‐effects model meta‐analyses were performed. Randomized controlled trials or observational studies comparing children treated with AIT with house dust mite (HDM) to subjects who did not receive AIT, with a long‐term observation period (at least 3 years including treatment and follow‐up) have been included.ResultsEight studies totaling 721 children (390 treated with AIT and 331 with pharmacotherapy) met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was high. Low evidence supports the conclusion that AIT prevents the onset of new allergen sensitizations, with 3 of 8 studies reporting a reduction in the onset of new sensitizations in patients treated with AIT vs pharmacotherapy. Our meta‐analysis found no difference between AIT and pharmacotherapy, with high heterogeneity (RD, −0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.31 to 0.11; p = 0.32; I2 = 91.4%).ConclusionThe data of this systematic review do not support a preventive effect in the onset of new allergen sensitizations, in children treated with AIT in comparison with those treated with pharmacotherapy.
Safety and Perioperative Adverse Events in Pediatric Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: An ACS‐NSQIP‐P Analysis
Authors: Roxbury Christopher R. , Li Lilun , Rhee Daniel , Jatana Kris R. , Shah Rahul K , Boss Emily F. 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionThis study describes safety outcomes of pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to identify risk factors for 30‐day postoperative adverse events using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric (NSQIP‐P) database.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study involving patients in the 2012–2015 NSQIP‐P database who underwent ESS. Predictors included demographics, comorbidities and surgical acuity. Outcomes included 30‐day complications, reoperations, and readmissions.ResultsAmong 2,061 ESS cases identified, 1,829 (88.7%) were elective and 232 (11.3%) were urgent/emergent. There were 92 (4.5%) readmissions, 54 (2.6%) unplanned reoperations, and 61 (3.0%) complications. On multivariate analysis, readmission was associated with urgent/emergent procedures (OR 2.31, CI 1.36‐3.93, p<0.01) and history of bleeding disorder (OR 2.24, CI 1.12‐4.44, p = 0.02), reoperation was associated with urgent/emergent procedures (OR 5.78, CI 3.24‐10.34, p<0.01), and complications were associated with urgent/emergent procedures (OR 3.81, CI 2.13‐6.82, p<0.01) and history of bleeding disorder (OR 5.30, CI 2.74‐10.20, p<0.01). Bleeding requiring transfusion was associated with urgent/emergent procedures (OR 9.61, CI 2.90‐31.80, p<0.01), history of bleeding disorder (OR 14.16, CI 4.41‐45.45, p<0.01), and age <3 years (OR 3.92, CI 0.99‐15.61, p = 0.05). Black children were significantly more likely to undergo urgent/emergent surgery than white children (19.7% vs. 9.6%, p<0.01).ConclusionsThis multi‐institutional study confirms that while pediatric ESS is largely safe, urgent/emergent procedures carry the greatest risk of postoperative adverse events, and black children are significantly more likely to undergo higher acuity surgery than white children. Regardless of procedure acuity, young age and bleeding disorder are associated with higher risk of 30‐day adverse events.
Neuroimaging biomarkers and impaired olfaction in cognitively normal individuals
Authors: Vassilaki Maria , Christianson Teresa J. , Mielke Michelle M. , Geda Yonas E. , Kremers Walter K. , Machulda Mary M. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Lowe Val J. , Jack Clifford R. , Roberts Rosebud O. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThere is a need for inexpensive noninvasive tests to identify older healthy persons at risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) for enrollment in AD prevention trials. Our objective was to examine whether abnormalities in neuroimaging measures of amyloid and neurodegeneration are correlated with odor identification (OI) in the population‐based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.MethodsCognitively normal (CN) participants had olfactory function assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test (B‐SIT), underwent magnetic resonance imaging (n = 829) to assess a composite AD signature cortical thickness and hippocampal volume (HVa), and underwent 11C‐Pittsburgh compound B (n = 306) and 18fluorodeoxyglucose (n = 305) positron emission tomography scanning to assess amyloid accumulation and brain hypometabolism, respectively. The association of neuroimaging biomarkers with OI was examined using multinomial logistic regression and simple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsAmong 829 CN participants (mean age = 79.2 years; 51.5% men), 248 (29.9%) were normosmic and 78 (9.4%) had anosmia (B‐SIT score < 6). Abnormal AD signature cortical thickness and reduced HVa were associated with decreased OI as a continuous measure (slope = −0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.76 to −0.09, p = 0.01 and slope = −0.72, 95% CI = −1.15 to −0.28, p < 0.01, respectively). Reduced HVa, decreased AD signature cortical thickness, and increased amyloid accumulation were significantly associated with increased odds of anosmia.InterpretationOur findings suggest that OI may be a noninvasive, inexpensive marker for risk stratification, for identifying participants at the preclinical stage of AD who may be at risk for cognitive impairment and eligible for inclusion in AD prevention clinical trials. These cross‐sectional findings remain to be validated prospectively. Ann Neurol 2017;81:871–882
Chemische Struktur und Biosynthese der Crocagine, polycyclischer Peptide ribosomalen Ursprungs aus Chondromyces crocatus
Authors: Viehrig Konrad , Surup Frank , Volz Carsten , Herrmann Jennifer , Abou Fayad Antoine , Adam Sebastian , Köhnke Jesko , Trauner Dirk , Müller Rolf 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSekundärmetabolom‐Analysen in dem myxobakteriellen Naturstoffproduzenten Chondromyces crocatus Cm c5 führten zur Isolierung und Charakterisierung der Crocagine, neuartiger polycyclischer Peptide mit Tetrahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indol‐Grundgerüst. Der zugehörige Gencluster wurde durch eine Kombination aus gezielter Mutagenese und In‐vitro‐Experimenten zugeordnet. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse konnte ein Biosyntheseschema für die Crocagine erstellt werden. Diese Naturstoffe werden aus den drei C‐terminalen Aminosäuren eines Vorläuferpeptides gebildet und gehören daher zu einer neuen Klasse der ribosomal gebildeten und posttranslational modifizierten Peptide (RiPPs). Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass Crocagin A an das Regulatorprotein CsrA (“carbon storage regulator”) bindet, wodurch dessen Bindung an seine RNA‐Wechselwirkungspartner unterdrückt wird.
Inhibierung des humanen B12‐verarbeitenden Enzyms CblC durch Antivitamine B12 – Kristallstruktur des inaktiven ternären Komplexes mit dem Kosubstrat Glutathion
Authors: Ruetz Markus , Shanmuganathan Aranganathan , Gherasim Carmen , Karasik Agnes , Salchner Robert , Kieninger Christoph , Wurst Klaus , Banerjee Ruma , Koutmos Markos , Kräutler Bernhard 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAntivitamine B12 gewinnen als robuste B12‐Dummys zunehmend biomedizinisches Interesse. Das potenzielle Antivitamin B12 2,4‐Difluorphenylethinylcobalamin (F2PhEtyCbl) wurde hergestellt, und seine 3D‐Struktur in Lösung und im Kristall wurde untersucht. Das chemisch inerte F2PhEtyCbl zeigte sich gegen Thermolyse seiner Co‐C‐Bindung bei 100 °C resistent, war stabil bei Bestrahlung mit (hellem) Tageslicht und blieb auch bei längerer Aufbewahrung in wässriger Lösung bei Raumtemperatur intakt. Es wurde vom humanen B12‐verarbeitenden Enzym CblC in Gegenwart des Kosubstrats Glutathion (GSH) mit hoher Affinität (KD=130 nm) gebunden. F2PhEtyCbl stabilisierte den ternären Komplex von CblC mit GSH und widerstand der Verarbeitung. Die Kristallstruktur dieses Komplexes lieferte erste Einblicke in die Wechselwirkungen eines Antivitamins B12 mit CblC sowie in die Anordnung von GSH und Base‐off‐Cobalamin im aktiven Zentrum dieses blockierten Enzyms.