bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycosylated Chromogranin A in Heart Failure
Authors: Ottesen Anett Hellebø , Carlson Cathrine R. , Louch William E. , Dahl Mai Britt , Sandbu Ragnhild A. , Johansen Rune Forstrøm , Jarstadmarken Hilde , Bjørås Magnar , Høiseth Arne Didrik , Brynildsen Jon , Sjaastad Ivar , Stridsberg Mats , Omland Torbjørn , Christensen Geir , Røsjø Helge 
Published: February 2017

Background—
Chromogranin A (CgA) levels have previously been found to predict mortality in heart failure (HF), but currently no information is available regarding CgA processing in HF and whether the CgA fragment catestatin (CST) may directly influence cardiomyocyte function.

Methods and Results—

CgA processing was characterized in postinfarction HF mice and in patients with acute HF, and the functional role of CST was explored in experimental models. Myocardial biopsies from HF, but not sham-operated mice, demonstrated high molecular weight CgA bands. Deglycosylation treatment attenuated high molecular weight bands, induced a mobility shift, and increased shorter CgA fragments. Adjusting for established risk indices and biomarkers, circulating CgA levels were found to be associated with mortality in patients with acute HF, but not in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Low CgA-to-CST conversion was also associated with increased mortality in acute HF, thus, supporting functional relevance of impaired CgA processing in cardiovascular disease. CST was identified as a direct inhibitor of CaMKIIδ (Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ) activity, and CST reduced CaMKIIδ-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban and the ryanodine receptor 2. In line with CaMKIIδ inhibition, CST reduced Ca
2+
spark and wave frequency, reduced Ca
2+
spark dimensions, increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
content, and augmented the magnitude and kinetics of cardiomyocyte Ca
2+
transients and contractions.

Conclusions—

CgA-to-CST conversion in HF is impaired because of hyperglycosylation, which is associated with clinical outcomes in acute HF. The mechanism for increased mortality may be dysregulated cardiomyocyte Ca
2+
handling because of reduced CaMKIIδ inhibition.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health, Cardiovascular Remodeling, and Heart Failure in Blacks
Authors: Spahillari Aferdita , Talegawkar Sameera , Correa Adolfo , Carr J. Jeffrey , Terry James G. , Lima João , Freedman Jane E. , Das Saumya , Kociol Robb , de Ferranti Sarah , Mohebali Donya , Mwasongwe Stanford , Tucker Katherine L. , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Shah Ravi V. 
Published: February 2017

Background—
The lifetime risk of heart failure (HF) is higher in the black population than in other racial groups in the United States.

Methods and Results—

We measured the Life’s Simple 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics in 4195 blacks in the JHS (Jackson Heart Study; 2000–2004). We evaluated the association of Simple 7 metrics with incident HF and left ventricular structure and function by cardiac magnetic resonance (n=1188). Mean age at baseline was 54.4 years (65% women). Relative to 0 to 2 Simple 7 factors, blacks with 3 factors had 47% lower incident HF risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.73;
P
<0.0001); and those with ≥4 factors had 61% lower HF risk (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.24–0.64;
P
=0.0002). Higher blood pressure (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.28–4.20;
P
=0.005), physical inactivity (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.07–2.55;
P
=0.02), smoking (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.43–2.91;
P
<0.0001), and impaired glucose control (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.34–2.29;
P
<0.0001) were associated with incident HF. The age-/sex-adjusted population attributable risk for these Simple 7 metrics combined was 37.1%. Achievement of ideal blood pressure, ideal body mass index, ideal glucose control, and nonsmoking was associated with less likelihood of adverse cardiac remodeling by cardiac magnetic resonance.

Conclusions—
Cardiovascular risk factors in midlife (specifically elevated blood pressure, physical inactivity, smoking, and poor glucose control) are associated with incident HF in blacks and represent targets for intensified HF prevention.
Short- and Long-term Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Upper Limb Motor Function after Stroke: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Lan , Xing Guoqiang , Fan Youlin , Guo Zhiwei , Chen Huaping , Mu Qiwen 
Published: February 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term effects as well as other parameters of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on upper limb motor functional recovery after stroke. Data sources: The databases of PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled studies reporting effects of rTMS on upper limb motor recovery published before October 30, 2016. Review methods: The short- and long-term mean effect sizes as well as the effect size of rTMS frequency of pulse, post-stroke onset, and theta burst stimulation patterns were summarized by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval using fixed/random effect models as appropriate. Results: Thirty-four studies with 904 participants were included in this systematic review. Pooled estimates show that rTMS significantly improved short-term (SMD, 0.43; P < 0.001) and long-term (SMD, 0.49; P < 0.001) manual dexterity. More pronounced effects were found for rTMS administered in the acute phase of stroke (SMD, 0.69), subcortical stroke (SMD, 0.66), 5-session rTMS treatment (SMD, 0.67) and intermittent theta burst stimulation (SMD, 0.60). Only three studies reported mild adverse events such as headache and increased anxiety . Conclusions: Five-session rTMS treatment could best improve stroke-induced upper limb dyskinesia acutely and in a long-lasting manner. Intermittent theta burst stimulation is more beneficial than continuous theta burst stimulation. rTMS applied in the acute phase of stroke is more effective than rTMS applied in the chronic phase. Subcortical lesion benefit more from rTMS than other lesion site.
Genome-wide association study identifies novel susceptibility loci for migraine in Han Chinese resided in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Shih-Pin , Fuh Jong-Ling , Chung Ming-Yi , Lin Ying-Chao , Liao Yi-Chu , Wang Yen-Feng , Hsu Chia-Lin , Yang Ueng-Cheng , Lin Ming-Wei , Chiou Jen-Jie , Wang Po-Jen , Chen Ping-Kun , Fan Pi-Chuan , Wu Jer-Yuan , Chen Yuan-Tsong , Kao Lung-Sen , Shen-Jang Fann Cathy , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: February 2017

Background Susceptibility genes for migraine, despite it being a highly prevalent and disabling neurological disorder, have not been analyzed in Asians by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Methods We conducted a two-stage case-control GWAS to identify susceptibility genes for migraine without aura in Han Chinese residing in Taiwan. In the discovery stage, we genotyped 1005 clinic-based Taiwanese migraine patients and 1053 population-based sex-matched controls using Axiom Genome-Wide CHB Array. In the replication stage, we genotyped 27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with p < 10−4 in 1120 clinic-based migraine patients and 604 sex-matched normal controls by using Sequenom. Variants at LRP1, TRPM8, and PRDM, which have been replicated in Caucasians, were also genotyped. Results We identified a novel susceptibility locus (rs655484 in DLG2) that reached GWAS significance level for migraine risk in Han Chinese ( p = 1.45 × 10−12, odds ratio [OR] = 2.42), and also another locus (rs3781545in GFRA1) with suggestive significance ( p = 1.27 × 10−7, OR = 1.38). In addition, we observed positive association signals with a similar trend to the associations identified in Caucasian GWASs for rs10166942 in TRPM8 (OR = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14–1.54, Ppermutation = 9.99 × 10−5; risk allele: T) and rs1172113 in LRP1 (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.04–1.45, Ppermutation = 2.9 × 10−2; risk allele: T). Conclusion The present study is the first migraine GWAS conducted in Han-Chinese and Asians. The newly identified susceptibility genes have potential implications in migraine pathogenesis. DLG2 is involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission, and GFRA1 encodes GDNF receptors that are abundant in CGRP-containing trigeminal neurons. Furthermore, positive association signals for TRPM8 and LRP1 suggest the possibility for common genetic contributions across ethnicities.
Self-contained, low-cost Body-on-a-Chip systems for drug development
Authors: Wang Ying I , Oleaga Carlota , Long Christopher J , Esch Mandy B , McAleer Christopher W , Miller Paula G , Hickman James J , Shuler Michael L 
Published: February 2017

Integrated multi-organ microphysiological systems are an evolving tool for preclinical evaluation of the potential toxicity and efficacy of drug candidates. Such systems, also known as Body-on-a-Chip devices, have a great potential to increase the successful conversion of drug candidates entering clinical trials into approved drugs. Systems, to be attractive for commercial adoption, need to be inexpensive, easy to operate, and give reproducible results. Further, the ability to measure functional responses, such as electrical activity, force generation, and barrier integrity of organ surrogates, enhances the ability to monitor response to drugs. The ability to operate a system for significant periods of time (up to 28 d) will provide potential to estimate chronic as well as acute responses of the human body. Here we review progress towards a self-contained low-cost microphysiological system with functional measurements of physiological responses. Impact statement Multi-organ microphysiological systems are promising devices to improve the drug development process. The development of a pumpless system represents the ability to build multi-organ systems that are of low cost, high reliability, and self-contained. These features, coupled with the ability to measure electrical and mechanical response in addition to chemical or metabolic changes, provides an attractive system for incorporation into the drug development process. This will be the most complete review of the pumpless platform with recirculation yet written.
‘It’s on the tip of my Google’: Intra-active performance and the non-totalising learning environment
Authors: Snake-Beings Emit 
Published: February 2017

Technologies that expand the learning environment to include interactions outside of the physical space of the classroom, such as the use of Google as an aid to memory, represent one aspect of learning that occurs within several seemingly decentralised spaces. On the other hand, it can be argued that such interactive technologies are enclosed in what Bruno Latour calls a ‘Black-box’: a ‘totalising’ enclosure that delimits interaction and channels users towards yet another form of centralised learning space. Used as a starting point, the focus of this article rapidly shifts from the constraints of the ‘Black-box’ towards a type of engagement that embraces material agency: an engagement with materials and fragments of knowledge that emerge from the ‘non-totalising’ assemblage. To assist in this trajectory, Karen Barad’s concept of intra-activity is employed, where agency is seen as distributed between human and non-human actants. The space in which this engagement between human and materials occurs, as a non-totalising learning space, is the concern of this article, which uses an interactive audio/visual performance event called Bingodisiac as a case study to examine various ways in which we can learn to move beyond the constraints of totalising structures. Bingodisiac is a project initiated by the researcher in 2002, as an informal collection of musicians who are assembled for a one-off improvised performance. This article draws upon interviews and journal notes collected at the time of the performances to explore the analogy of ‘noise music’ and how this can be related to ways in which the learning space of the classroom and the types of knowledge produced have become decentralised.
Prostacyclins have no direct inotropic effect on isolated atrial strips from the normal and pressure‐overloaded human right heart
Authors: Holmboe Sarah , Andersen Asger , Jensen Rebekka V. , Kimose Hans Henrik , Ilkjær Lars B. , Shen Lei , Clapp Lucie H. , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens Erik 
Published: February 2017

Prostacyclins are vasodilatory agents used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The direct effects of prostacyclins on right heart function are still not clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible direct inotropic properties of clinical available prostacyclin mimetics in the normal and the pressure‐overloaded human right atrium. Trabeculae from the right atrium were collected during surgery from chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients with pressure‐overloaded right hearts, undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (n = 10) and from patients with normal right hearts operated by valve replacement or coronary bypass surgery (n = 9). The trabeculae were placed in an organ bath, continuously paced at 1 Hz. They were subjected to increasing concentrations of iloprost, treprostinil, epoprostenol, or MRE‐269, followed by isoprenaline to elicit a reference inotropic response. The force of contraction was measured continuously. The expression of prostanoid receptors was explored through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).Iloprost, treprostinil, epoprostenol, or MRE‐269 did not alter force of contraction in any of the trabeculae. Isoprenaline showed a direct inotropic response in both trabeculae from the pressure‐overloaded right atrium and from the normal right atrium. Control experiments on ventricular trabeculae from the pig failed to show an inotropic response to the prostacyclin mimetics. qPCR demonstrated varying expression of the different prostanoid receptors in the human atrium. In conclusion, prostacyclin mimetics did not increase the force of contraction of human atrial trabeculae from the normal or the pressure‐overloaded right heart. These data suggest that prostacyclin mimetics have no direct inotropic effects in the human right atrium.
Oral mucositis caused by Candida glabrata biofilms: failure of the concomitant use of fluconazole and ascorbic acid
Authors: Rodrigues Célia F. , Henriques Mariana 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: Candida glabrata is becoming one of the most prevalent pathogenic yeasts in cases of oral diseases. Mucositis is an recurrent oral infection in immunocompromised patients, and the actual guidelines recommend the use of fluconazole (Flu) for many cases. However, the azole resistance by C. glabrata is renowned, causing a reduced therapeutic response, especially when it occurs in biofilms. In this study, we performed an in vitro evaluation of an alternative pharmacotherapy for C. glabrata biofilm infections, combining ascorbic acid (AA) with Flu. AA is recognized for degrading β-glucans, an important compound of the biofilm matrices, which prevent drug diffusion. Materials and Methods: Routine clinical 30 or 40 mg/l doses of Flu were applied to C. glabrata biofilms simultaneously with 200 or 300 mg/l of AA. Results: The results showed that this combination effectively promoted the degradation of the biofilm network, but unfortunately, also stimulated the growth of the yeasts population due to release of several glucose monomers during β-glucans hydrolysis. Discussion: AA lead to the hydrolysis of the β-glucans of the matrix, liberating glucose molecules which are used as carbon souce by the yeasts, thus suppressing the desired antifungal effect of the drug combination with Flu. Conclusions: Unlike to what happens in treatment of bacterial infection, AA should not be used together with Flu in the treating oral mucositis caused by Candida.
Clinical and functional outcome of open primary repair of triangular fibrocartilage complex tears associated with distal radius fractures
Authors: Johandi Faisal , Sechachalam Sreedharan 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: We evaluate the clinical and functional outcome of open primary repair of acute TFCC tears in distal radius fracture, when there is gross intraoperative distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability after fixation of the distal radius, in the absence of an ulnar styloid fracture or when the ulnar fracture fragment is too small to be fixed. Methods: A retrospective review of our institution’s distal radius fracture database over a 4-year period (January 2010 to December 2013). A total of 12 (1.38%) out of 3379 patients had an open TFCC repair in the same setting as fixation of distal radius. Assessment of outcome involved the analysis of objective and subjective clinical and functional outcomes. Results: All patient regained Activities of Daily Living (ADL) independence; eleven out of 12 patients (91.7%) returned to pre-injury function and 8 out of 11 patients (72.7%) returned to their jobs. DRUJ stability was preserved in 10 patients (83.3%) with 10 patients (83.3%) having grip strength of at least 50%, compared to the uninjured hand, and 7 (58.3%) with grip strength of more than or equal to 75%. Complications of surgery identified can be classified into 4 broad categories: infection, neurological complications, persistent DRUJ instability and prolonged pain. Conclusion: The authors believe a primary open repair of the TFCC should be considered when patients present with instability during intra-operative DRUJ ballottement test after distal radius fixation, in the absence of an ulnar styloid fracture or when the ulnar fracture fragment is too small to be fixed.
The Roots of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Childhood Trauma, Information Processing, and Self-protective Strategies
Authors: Crittenden Patricia McKinsey , Heller Mary Brownescombe 
Published: February 2017

Background Although childhood endangerment often precedes adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the mechanism from danger to disorder is unclear. We proposed a developmental process in which unprotected and uncomforted danger in childhood would be associated with “shortcuts” in information processing that, in adulthood, could result in PTSD if the adult experienced additional exposure to danger. Information processing was defined as the basic associative, dissociative, and integrative processes used by all humans. Individual differences in parents’ (or primary caregivers’) protective and comforting behavior were expected to force unprotected children to use psychological shortcuts that linked early trauma to later vulnerability for PTSD. Method We compared 22 adults with chronic PTSD to (a) 22 adults with other psychiatric diagnoses and (b) 22 normative adults without any diagnosis, in terms of information processing around childhood danger. The Adult Attachment Interview was used to derive information processing variables, including self-protective strategies, childhood traumas, and depression. Results The two patient groups differed from the normative group on all variables. Adults with chronic PTSD differed from other psychiatric patients in having more childhood traumas and using more transformations of associative and dissociative processes. Within the PTSD group, there were three psychologically different subgroups. Conclusion Our findings suggest that (1) prediction of risk for adult PTSD may be possible, (2) treatment might be facilitated by provision of a protective and supportive therapist, (3) who included a focus on correction of information processing errors and use of more adaptive strategies, and (4) subgroups of adults with PTSD may require different forms of treatment.
Adaptive NK cells can persist in patients with GATA2 mutation depleted of stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Schlums Heinrich , Jung Moonjung , Han Hongya , Theorell Jakob , Bigley Venetia , Chiang Samuel C. C. , Allan David S. J. , Davidson-Moncada Jan K. , Dickinson Rachel E. , Holmes Tim D. , Hsu Amy P. , Townsley Danielle , Winkler Thomas , Wang Weixin , Aukrust Pål , Nordøy Ingvild , Calvo Katherine R. , Holland Steve M. , Collin Matthew , Dunbar Cynthia E. , Bryceson Yenan T. 
Published: February 2017

Key Points
GATA-2 expression is restricted to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, leading to NK-cell progenitor deficiency in GATA2 patients. A long-lived or self-renewing pool of adaptive NK cells can persist in patients with GATA2 mutation.
Prognostic role of circulating exosomal miRNAs in multiple myeloma
Authors: Manier Salomon , Liu Chia-Jen , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Park Jihye , Shi Jiantao , Campigotto Federico , Salem Karma Z. , Huynh Daisy , Glavey Siobhan V. , Rivotto Bradley , Sacco Antonio , Roccaro Aldo M. , Bouyssou Juliette , Minvielle Stéphane , Moreau Philippe , Facon Thierry , Leleu Xavier , Weller Edie , Trippa Lorenzo , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: February 2017

Key Points
Two circulating exosomal microRNAs, let-7b and miR-18a, improved survival prediction in patients with MM. Circulating exosomal miRNAs enhanced the stratification of patients with high-risk factors.
THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND SPECIES DIVERSITY OF SPONGES ON CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS IN THE LEMBEH STRAIT, BITUNG
Authors: Hadi Tri Aryono , Suharsono - , Hadiyanto - , Budiyanto Agus , Wentao Niu 
Published: February 2017

Sponges are one of the most diverse benthos in the coral reef ecosystem. They have many morphological characters that are specific to species, and their existence is influenced by environmental conditions. The aims of this study are to observe the relationship between morphological and species diversity of sponges in coral reef ecosystem in the Lembeh Strait and investigate the most influential environmental factor on sponge diversity. The study was carried out between April and May 2013 at nine study sites. The methods used were belt transect and line intersect transect (LIT) installed parallel to the coastline at approximately 5-meter depth. Our study supports a positive correlation between the morphological diversity and species diversity of sponges. Many of the morphological growth types were specific to sites that have particular characteristics. The percentage of the live coral cover is not a critical factor for sponge diversity in the strait. Instead, dead coral with algae as a benthic category has a significant positive correlation with the morphological and species diversity of sponges. Conversely, rubble as a substrate type has a strong tendency to affect sponge diversity negatively. To conclude, it is important to maintain healthy reefs in order to sustain benthic communities that are valuable to ecological functions and societies. Keywords:sponges, diversity, coral reefs, Lembeh Strait
POLICY MODELONMARINE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN WAKATOBI REGENCY (SE SULAWESI,INDONESIA)
Authors: Yulius - , Heriati Aida , Salim Hadiwiijaya Lesmana , Purbani Dini , Ramdhan Muhammad 
Published: February 2017

Wakatobi Regency has a huge capacity in natural resources with it's beautiful and pristine coastal ecosystems that host 25 coral reefs species in diverse forms. The regency is considered as the world’s best biosphere and frequently visited by local and international tourists for diving/snorkeling. The objectives of this study are to determine the role of marine tourism in Wakatobi’seconomy and formulate an appropriate and strategic policy for its marine tourism development plan. Methods used in this research are theLocation Quotient (LQ) analysis to determine the relative ability of a sub-area to a wider area in the specific sector, and theProspective Participatory Analysis for preparing the marine tourism development plan. The LQ analysis for the marine tourism (trade, hotels, and restaurants) sector based on GDP data from 2004-2007 shows values ranging from 0.808-0.881, which indicate poor potential and low contribution of this sector toWakatobi’s economy. TheProspective Participatory Analysis involving 18 variables related to marine tourism development indicates that Wakatobi Regency has four key variables. These are:community behavior towards environmental protection, community character, human resources andmotivation. These variables would play an important role in preparing and implementing marine tourism development plan in Wakatobi Regency.