bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and optimization of the self‐administered pediatric bleeding questionnaire and its validation as a screening tool for von Willebrand disease
Authors: Casey Lara J. , Tuttle Angie , Grabell Julie , Hopman Wilma , Moorehead Paul C. , Blanchette Victor S. , Wu John K. , Steele MacGregor , Klaassen Robert J. , Silva Mariana , Rand Margaret L. , James Paula D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to generate, optimize, and validate a self‐administered pediatric bleeding questionnaire (Self‐PBQ) as a screening tool for von Willebrand disease (VWD) in children referred to the hematology clinic for the first time.Study DesignThe Self‐PBQ was generated by combining the validated expert‐administered PBQ and the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) bleeding assessment tool (BAT). Medical terminology was translated into lay language requiring a grade 4 reading level. In Phase 1, the Self‐PBQ was optimized and the level of agreement between the Self‐PBQ and the expert‐administered PBQ was determined. Phase 2 established the normal range of bleeding scores (BSs) of the Self‐PBQ. Phase 3 examined the Self‐PBQ as a screening tool for first‐time referrals to the hematology clinic.ResultsThe Self‐PBQ is a reliable surrogate for the expert‐administered PBQ with an excellent intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.917. The Self‐PBQ was scored with the PBQ and the ISTH‐BAT scoring systems, for which its normal BS ranges are –1 to 2 or 0 to 2, respectively. A positive Self‐PBQ BS (≥3) had a sensitivity of 78%, a specificity of 37%, a positive predictive value of 0.18, and a negative predictive value of 0.91 for identifying VWD in children being investigated by a hematologist for a bleeding disorder.ConclusionThe Self‐PBQ generates comparable BSs to the expert‐administered PBQ and is a reliable, reasonably sensitive screening tool to incorporate into the assessment of children presenting to a hematologist for the investigation of an inherited bleeding disorder.
Cardiotoxicity and cardiomyopathy in children and young adult survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Rotz Seth J. , Ryan Thomas D. , Hlavaty Joel , George Stephen A. , El‐Bietar Javier , Dandoy Christopher E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCardiomyopathy is common in long‐term survivors of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Events occurring before and after HSCT when combined with specific insults during HSCT likely contribute to long‐term risk. Strategies for detecting subclinical cardiomyopathy prior to patients developing overt heart failure are under investigation. Changes in HSCT preparative regimens and cardioprotective medications administered during chemotherapy may alter the risk for cardiomyopathy. Interventions in long‐term survivors such as lifestyle modification and cardioactive medications are of increasing importance. Herein we review the causes of cardiac injury, discuss strategies for detection of cardiomyopathy, and evaluate therapeutic options for long‐term HSCT survivors.
A reappraisal of the mechanisms underlying the cardiac complications of sickle cell anemia
Authors: Rai Parul , Niss Omar , Malik Punam 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnemia, hemolysis‐driven vasculopathy, and intrinsic myocardial injury have been proposed as predisposing factors to cardiac disease in sickle cell anemia (SCA). The individual impact of these mechanisms on the cardiac features of SCA and the way they influence complications such as sudden death and dysrhythmias have been unclear. Recent findings of an acquired restrictive SCA‐related cardiomyopathy, driven by myocardial fibrosis, may explain some of these cardiac features. Given the complexity of cardiac pathology in SCA, using additional parameters to tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (left atrial volume, diastolic parameters, NT‐proBNP) may improve the accuracy of noninvasive screening for cardiopulmonary complications in SCA.
A Free‐standing electrochromic material of poly(5,7‐bis(2‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxy)thienyl)‐indole) and its application in electrochromic device
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Liu Changlong , Guo Jiabao , Wang Ling , Nie Guangming 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTFree‐standing poly(5,7‐bis(2‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxy)thienyl)‐indole) (PETI) was electrochemically obtained from 5,7‐bis(2‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxy)thienyl)‐indole (ETI) prepared by Stille coupling reaction of 5,7‐dibromoindole and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene. For comparison, poly(5,7‐bis(2‐thiophene)‐indole) was also electrosynthesized from 5,7‐bis(2‐thiophene)‐indole (BTI) which was prepared from the 5,7‐dibromoindole and thiophene. Characterizations of ETI and BTI were performed by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Spectroelectrochemical studies showed PETI had better electrochromic properties and showed two different colors (brown and blue‐violet) under various potentials with better maximum contrast (ΔT%) and coloration efficiency (CE). An electrochromic device (ECD) based on PETI and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was also constructed and characterized. This ECD had fast response time, high CE, better optical memory, and long‐term stability. These results indicated that PETI had potential applications for ECD. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2356–2364
Multiband model for the electronic structure of Sr2TiO4
Authors: RoŚciszewski Krzysztof , Piekarz Przemysław , OleŚ Andrzej M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe introduce and investigate the multiband d–p model for a TiO layer, such as realized in SrTiO, with all and orbitals (at titanium ions) and orbitals (at oxygen ions). Complementary density functional theory ab initio computations are employed to determine the actual electron number per TiO unit and one finds perfect Sr ionization with Sr ions and charged (TiO) layer. This system is predicted to be a robust nonmagnetic insulator, in agreement with experiment. The above charge distribution is crucial and when we deviate from it, even by a small amount, the system becomes conducting or very close to conducting and various magnetic structures compete with one another. This finding is generic, that is, it holds in a broad range of d–p Hamiltonian parameters. As expected, d–p hybridization strongly redistributes electrons and leads to titanium ions between and ionic configurations. Surprisingly, SrTiO is not a simpleminded system but instead electron densities are finite and roughly the same in all different orbitals (of and symmetry) and the electron densities within O() orbitals are within the range 5.4–5.9. By selecting the charge‐transfer energy, , we reproduce the experimental band gap of 3.8 eV. We emphasize that a realistic treatment of electronic distribution requires local Coulomb interactions at oxygen orbitals and we show that the Coulomb interactions at titanium ions are strongly renormalized when the Coulomb interactions at oxygen ions are neglected.
Optimization of electrospray ionization conditions to enhance formation of doubly protonated peptide ions with and without addition of chromium(III)
Authors: Commodore Juliette J. , Jing Xinyao , Cassady Carolyn J. 
Published: April 2017

RationaleProduction of multiply protonated ions by electrospray ionization (ESI) is important to the analysis of peptides by mass spectrometry. For small neutral and acidic peptides, addition of chromium(III) greatly increases the intensity of doubly protonated ions. The current study examines instrumental and solution parameters that maximize peptide ion charge by ESI.MethodsThe neutral and basic heptapeptides AAAAAAA (A7) and AAAKAAA (A3KA3) were used as test compounds and electrosprayed from a solution containing chromium(III) nitrate at a peptide to metal molar ratio of 1:10. Positive ion mode experiments were performed on a Bruker HCTultra PTM Discovery System quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Source voltages and drying/nebulizer gases were systematically altered. The effects of rinsing, brand, and color of plastic microcentrifuge tubes (vials) employed were also investigated.ResultsNebulizer gas pressure and drying gas flow rate are crucial parameters for production of [M + 2H]2+, while drying gas temperature alone has minimal effect. Optimization of the capillary exit and skimmer voltages are important both to maximize [M + 2H]2+ and reduce unwanted ion dissociation. Protonation is enhanced and fewer impurity peaks are observed when solutions are prepared in colorless plastic vials that have been rinsed briefly with propan‐2‐ol (isopropanol).ConclusionsOptimization of instrument and sample preparation factors for enhanced protonation with and without Cr(III) is necessary to allow maximum formation of [M + 2H]2+. Proteomics researchers should find these procedures to be of use for increasing multiply protonated signal intensity even in the absence of Cr(III). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical application of in silico fragmentation based residue screening with ion mobility high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Kaufmann Anton , Butcher Patrick , Maden Kathry , Walker Stephan , Widmer Mirjam 
Published: April 2017

RationaleA screening concept for residues in complex matrices based on liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility high‐resolution mass spectrometry LC/IMS‐HRMS is presented. The comprehensive four‐dimensional data (chromatographic retention time, drift time, mass‐to‐charge and ion abundance) obtained in data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mode was used for data mining. An in silico fragmenter utilizing a molecular structure database was used for suspect screening, instead of targeted screening with reference substances.MethodsThe utilized data‐independent acquisition mode relies on the MSE concept; where two constantly alternating HRMS scans (low and high fragmentation energy) are acquired. Peak deconvolution and drift time alignment of ions from the low (precursor ion) and high (product ion) energy scan result in relatively clean product ion spectra. A bond dissociation in silico fragmenter (MassFragment) supplied with mol files of compounds of interest was used to explain the observed product ions of each extracted candidate component (chromatographic peak).ResultsTwo complex matrices (fish and bovine liver extract) were fortified with 98 veterinary drugs. Out of 98 screened compounds 94 could be detected with the in silico based screening approach. The high correlation among drift time and m/z value of equally charged ions was utilized for an orthogonal filtration (ranking). Such an orthogonal ion mobility based filter removes multiply charged ions (e.g. peptides and proteins from the matrix) as well as noise and artefacts. Most significantly, this filtration dramatically reduces false positive findings but hardly increases false negative findings.ConclusionsThe proposed screening approach may offer new possibilities for applications where reference compounds are hardly or not at all commercially available. Such areas may be the analysis of metabolites of drugs, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, marine toxins, derivatives of sildenafil or novel designer drugs (new psychoactive substances). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Sapir‐Whorf hypothesis and inference under uncertainty
Authors: Regier Terry , Xu Yang 
Published: April 2017

The Sapir‐Whorf hypothesis holds that human thought is shaped by language, leading speakers of different languages to think differently. This hypothesis has sparked both enthusiasm and controversy, but despite its prominence it has only occasionally been addressed in computational terms. Recent developments support a view of the Sapir‐Whorf hypothesis in terms of probabilistic inference. This view may resolve some of the controversy surrounding the Sapir‐Whorf hypothesis, and may help to normalize the hypothesis by linking it to established principles that also explain other phenomena. On this view, effects of language on nonlinguistic cognition or perception reflect standard principles of inference under uncertainty. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1440. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1440This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Computational Models of Language
Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
Predicates, parts, and impermanence: a contemporary version of some central Buddhist tenets
Authors: McKEEVER MATTHEW 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this article, I argue that recent work in analytic philosophy on the semantics of names and the metaphysics of persistence supports two theses in Buddhist philosophy, namely the impermanence of objects and a corollary about how referential language works. According to this latter package of views, the various parts of what we call one object (say, King Milinda) possess no unity in and of themselves. Unity comes rather from language, in that we have terms (say, ‘King Milinda’) which stand for all the parts taken together. Objects are mind- (or rather language-)generated fictions. I think this package can be cashed out in terms of two central contemporary views. The first is that there are temporal parts: just as an object is spatially extended by having spatial parts at different spatial locations, so it is temporally extended by having temporal parts at different temporal locations. The second is that names are predicates: rather than standing for any one thing, a name stands for a range of things. The natural language term ‘Milinda’ is not akin to a logical constant, but akin to a predicate.Putting this together, I'll argue that names are predicates with temporal parts in their extension, which parts have no unity apart from falling under the same predicate. ‘Milinda’ is a predicate which has in its extension all Milinda's parts. The result is an interesting and original synthesis of plausible positions in semantics and metaphysics, which makes good sense of a central Buddhist doctrine.
Modulation of gene expression dynamics by co-transcriptional histone methylations
Authors: Woo Hyeonju , Dam Ha So , Lee Sung Bae , Buratowski Stephen , Kim TaeSoo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCo-transcriptional methylations of histone H3 at lysines 4 and 36, highly conserved methyl marks from yeast to humans, have profound roles in regulation of histone acetylation. These modifications function to recruit and/or activate distinct histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or histone deacetylases (HDACs). Whereas H3K4me3 increases acetylation at promoters via multiple HATs, H3K4me2 targets Set3 HDAC to deacetylate histones in 5′ transcribed regions. In 3′ regions of genes, H3K36me2/3 facilitates deacetylation by Rpd3S HDAC and slows elongation. Despite their important functions in deacetylation, no strong effects on global gene expression have been seen under optimized or laboratory growth conditions. Instead, H3K4me2-Set3 HDAC and Set2-Rpd3S pathways primarily delay the kinetics of messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) induction upon environmental changes. A majority of mRNA genes regulated by these pathways have an overlapping lncRNA transcription either from an upstream or an antisense promoter. Surprisingly, the distance between mRNA and lncRNA promoters seems to specify the repressive effects of the two pathways. Given that co-transcriptional methylations and acetylation have been linked to many cancers, studying their functions in a dynamic condition or during cancer progression will be much more important and help identify novel genes associated with cancers.
Non-autotrophic methanogens dominate in anaerobic digesters
Authors: Kouzuma Atsushi , Tsutsumi Maho , Ishii Shun’ichi , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Abe Takashi , Watanabe Kazuya 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnaerobic digesters are man-made habitats for fermentative and methanogenic microbes, and are characterized by extremely high concentrations of organics. However, little is known about how microbes adapt to such habitats. In the present study, we report phylogenetic, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic analyses of microbiomes in thermophilic packed-bed digesters fed acetate as the major substrate, and we have shown that acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens that utilize acetate as a carbon source dominate there. Deep sequencing and precise binning of the metagenomes reconstructed complete genomes for two dominant methanogens affiliated with the genera Methanosarcina and Methanothermobacter, along with 37 draft genomes. The reconstructed Methanosarcina genome was almost identical to that of a thermophilic acetoclastic methanogen Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1, indicating its cosmopolitan distribution in thermophilic digesters. The reconstructed Methanothermobacter (designated as Met2) was closely related to Methanothermobacter tenebrarum, a non-autotrophic hydrogenotrophic methanogen that grows in the presence of acetate. Met2 lacks the Cdh complex required for CO2 fixation, suggesting that it requires organic molecules, such as acetate, as carbon sources. Although the metagenomic analysis also detected autotrophic methanogens, they were less than 1% in abundance of Met2. These results suggested that non-autotrophic methanogens preferentially grow in anaerobic digesters containing high concentrations of organics.
Quarter‐mode circular cavity substrate integrated waveguide filtering power divider with via‐holes perturbation
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhu Xiao‐Wei 
Published: April 2017

A compact filtering power divider composed of two quarter‐mode circular cavities based on the substrate integrated waveguide is proposed. Two extra perturbing via‐holes added in each side of the quarter‐mode circular cavity achieve a selective bandpass filtering response and improve the performance of the upper stopband. The proposed FPD operates at 9.1 GHz with a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 19.8%. The insertion loss in operating band is < 1.6 dB and the input return loss is better than 16 dB. The amplitude and phase imbalances between the two outputs are measured better than 0.6 dB and 3.5°, respectively. The measured results exhibit good agreement with the simulated ones.
Concurrent dual‐band digital predistortion implemented with reduced look‐up‐tables
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Wenhua , Feng Zhenghe 
Published: April 2017

A reduced look‐up‐tables (LUTs) implementation of digital predistortion (DPD) for concurrent dual‐band power amplifiers (PAs) is proposed. In the proposed method, the dual‐band output is captured jointly with reduced sampling rate, then the PA characteristics of the lower band and the upper band are identified with a group of shared model coefficients, thus DPD can be implemented with shared LUTs for the two bands, which results in reducing the LUTs by 50% comparing with those traditional dual‐band DPD techniques implemented with individual LUTs for each band. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better than −48.2 dBc adjacent channel power ration performance with reduced LUTs.
Wideband low‐profile low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic patch antenna with a differential‐fed structure
Authors: Sun Wen‐Jian , Yang Wen‐Wen , Chen Jian‐Xin 
Published: April 2017

A novel wideband patch antenna with a differential‐fed structure is proposed in this study. For this antenna, an H‐shaped patch is first adopted to build a compact design. Then, by introducing a via‐wall‐plate pair as the differential feeding scheme, favourable radiation patterns and enhanced operating bandwidth can be achieved in a low profile. Furthermore, a Marchand balun is incorporated into the overall design to facilitate the test and direct integration with existing single‐end radio‐frequency circuits. The proposed antenna, which is designed and fabricated, using low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic technology, could be used to develop a highly integrated system‐in‐package. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna with a low profile of 0.06λ 0 obtains an impedance bandwidth of 11.2%, a peak gain of 7.1 dBi, and a low cross‐polarisation of better than −20 dB.
Distribution and Clearance of Blood Constituents after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats: Mechanisms and Relevance for Functional Outcomes
Authors: Chen Zhanyin , Liang Yuhang , Chen Fengjian , Lin Haifeng , Chen Yiyi , He Guolin 
Published: April 2017

Background and Objective To evaluate the impact of blood clearance mechanisms on neurologic damage and functional outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats.
Methods A rat model of ICH was established through pre-cannulation and injection of autologous arterial blood into the caudate nucleus. Blood was supplemented with 6-amino-caproic acid (a procoagulant), low-molecular-weight heparin (an anticoagulant), or vehicle. Relationships between hematoma volume and edema size and neurologic damage were assessed at different times.
Results At 6 hours and 24 hours, hematoma volume was greater in rats that received anticoagulant than in the other two groups (p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed at 3 days, 5 days, or 7 days (p > 0.05). At 6 hours and 24 hours, the Neurological Severity Score in the procoagulant group was significantly higher than in the other two groups (comparison between groups, p < 0.01); and no significant differences were found at other times (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Enhanced clearance of leaked blood was associated with larger hematomas within the first 3 days of ICH and with less neurologic damage. The capacity to clear blood is an important determinant of functional recovery after ICH. Enhanced clearance may help reduce neurologic damage.
The Female Pediatric Surgeon
Authors: Dingemann Carmen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn medical schools throughout Europe, women make up an increasing proportion of graduates entering the medical profession. Even though this phenomenon is also found in the surgical profession, women are still clearly underrepresented. However, it has been demonstrated that women are equally qualified as men, and are as eager as men to aim for a surgical career.In general, a career in surgery has significant lifestyle implications for both men and women. In particular, women meet challenges such as pregnancy, maternity, and responsibility for childcare that compete with pressures of time and expectations of productivity. Further complicating the situation, there is a huge complexity of national legislation dealing with maternity and parental leave within Europe. Owing to this legal inconsistency, a strong demand on targeted policies and guidelines has increased particularly among the surgical staff.The scarcity of female role models and mentors has also been discussed as a possible explanation for the underrepresentation of women in academic surgery. Even in the 21st century, the advancement of women into leading positions of academic surgery and major surgical societies is still limited. An updated view of leadership development, the promotion of female surgeons in academic surgery, and identifying barriers to women entering this field are crucial to correcting the existing gender inequities.This contribution aims to highlight the current situation of women in academic surgery, outline findings on gender disparities, and define persistent obstacles to the advancement of women in surgery. In addition, this review presents new possibilities and provides approaches to overcome the underrepresentation of female surgeons. In current literature, there is only little information concerning the situation of female pediatric surgeons. Therefore, this article mainly relies on available data on the female surgeon in general.