bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of health service geographic accessibility in patients with treated end stage kidney disease: Cohort study 2000–2010
Authors: Kotwal Sradha , Gallagher Martin , Cass Alan , Webster Angela 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAimPatients in rural areas experience poor access to health services. There are limited data on patterns of health service utilization in rural patients treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT).MethodsAll prevalent patients over the age of 18 and resident in New South Wales who were receiving RRT on 01/07/2000 and incident patients who started RRT between 01/07/2000 up until 31/07/2010 were included in the study. The Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia was used to measure rurality and to categorize participant postcode of residence at the time of their first use of a New South Wales healthcare facility after the start of RRT.We assessed (1) rates of hospitalization, (2) rates of inter‐hospital transfer (IHT), (3) length of hospital stay (LOS) and (4) survival. Day‐only and dialysis admissions were excluded.Negative binomial regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for hospitalizations, IHT and LOS. Cox proportional hazards was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for survival.ResultsOf the 10 505 patients included in the analysis, 1527 (15%) were rural residents while 8978 (85%) resided in urban areas. Median follow up time from start of RRT/study to end of study/death was 4.2 years (IQR 2.0 to 8.2). After allowing for differences in baseline characteristics, rural residence increased the rates of hospitalization by 8% (IRR 1.08: 95% CI 1.01–1.15; P = 0.02), rates of IHT by 176% (IRR 2.76: 95% CI 2.44–3.13; P < 0.001) and the hazard of death by 14% (HR 1.14 95% CI: 1.05–1.24; P = 0.003) LOS was similar (Median 4.0; P = 0.07).ConclusionsRural residents receiving RRT have higher hospitalization rates, markedly higher rates of IHT and higher long‐term mortality compared with their urban counterparts.
Fundamental wheat stripe rust research in the 21st century
Authors: Schwessinger Benjamin 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn the 21st century, the wheat stripe rust fungus has evolved to be the largest biotic limitation to global wheat production. New pathogen genotypes are more aggressive and able to infect previously resistant wheat varieties, leading to rapid pathogen migration across and between continents. We now know the full life cycle, microevolutionary relationships and past migration routes on a global scale. Current sequencing technologies have provided the first fungal draft genomes and simplified plant resistance gene cloning. Yet, we know nothing about the molecular and microevolutionary mechanisms that facilitate the infection process and cause new devastating pathogen races. These are the questions that need to be addressed by exploiting the synergies between novel 21st century biology tools and decades of dedicated pathology work.

Contents

Summary
1625

I.
Introduction
1625

II.
Wheat stripe rust can be controlled with genetics
1626

III.
The Puccinia striformis f. sp. tritici life cycle enables genetic diversity and rapid adaptation
1626

IV.
Puccinia striformis f. sp. tritici evolves and migrates rapidly on a global scale
1626

V.
Puccinia striformis . sp. tritici genomes are highly heterozygous and encode over 1000 candidate effectors
1628

VI.
Novel 21st century tools to provide insight into Puccinia striformis f. sp. tritici biology
1629

VII.
Conclusion
1629

Acknowledgements
1630

References
1630
Time series analysis of volatility in the petroleum pricing markets: the persistence, asymmetry and jumps in the returns series
Authors: Olubusoye Olusanya E. , Yaya OlaOluwa S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe petroleum energy market is becoming more volatile owing to recent fluctuations in oil price, which in the long run affects the pricing and volatility persistence levels of other petroleum products. Apart from the symmetry and asymmetry that are known with volatility series, jumps have recently been identified, while the symmetric and asymmetric models failed in predicting the jump components in the financial series. The historical prices of crude oil and its distilled constituents possess occasional jumps as a result of global political or economic constraints. We applied both fractional persistence and volatility modelling frameworks in studying the volatility persistence in crude oil and petroleum products prices. We chose among symmetric, asymmetric and jumps volatility models. Results indicated that prices of crude oil and gasoline were less persistent when compared with volatility series of other petroleum products. The newly proposed jump volatility model variants outperformed other existing volatility models in predicting the volatility in the prices of crude oil, heating oil and diesel. The exception was the Asymmetric PowerARCH(APARCH) model, which emerged best in predicting the prices of gasoline, kerosene and propane prices; butGASvariants were still ranked second and third competing models in predicting the volatility in gasoline and kerosene prices. Using wrongly specified model for predicting the volatility in petroleum pricing can misinform oil markets, thereby generating intense conditional oil market volatility that is capable of distorting the price of oil and macroeconomic stability of the entire globe.
Effect of outliers on volatility forecasting and Value at Risk estimation in crude oil markets
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Dharmaraja Selvamuthu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCrude oil markets are one of the most volatile commodity markets. The effect of shocks on volatility is of concern to policy makers and market participants. A better understanding of how shocks affect volatility over time would be helpful to participants of financial markets. This article investigates effect of outliers in three markets—Brent, West Texas Intermediates (WTI) and Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). We compare forecasting and Value at Risk (VaR) estimation accuracy of GARCH family models with and without outlier adjustment and conclude that conditional volatility models work better on outlier adjusted data with respect to out‐of‐sample performance but not necessarily with respect to VaR estimation. Furthermore, we conclude that VaR violations in crude oil markets are independent.
Internet addiction and self‐evaluated attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder traits among Japanese college students
Authors: Tateno Masaru , Teo Alan R. , Shirasaka Tomohiro , Tayama Masaya , Watabe Motoki , Kato Takahiro A. 
Published: August 2016

AimInternet addiction (IA), also referred to as Internet use disorder, is a serious problem all over the world, especially in Asian countries. Severe IA in students may be linked to academic failure, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and forms of social withdrawal, such as hikikomori. In this study, we performed a survey to investigate the relation between IA and ADHD symptoms among college students.MethodsSeverity of IA and ADHD traits was assessed by self‐report scales. Subjects were 403 college students (response rate 78%) who completed a questionnaire including Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale–V1.1.ResultsOut of 403 subjects, 165 were male. The mean age was 18.4 ± 1.2 years, and mean total IAT score was 45.2 ± 12.6. One hundred forty‐eight respondents (36.7%) were average Internet users (IAT < 40), 240 (59.6%) had possible addiction (IAT 40–69), and 15 (3.7%) had severe addiction (IAT ≥ 70). Mean length of Internet use was 4.1 ± 2.8 h/day on weekdays and 5.9 ± 3.7 h/day on the weekend. Females used the Internet mainly for social networking services while males preferred online games. Students with a positive ADHD screen scored significantly higher on the IAT than those negative for ADHD screen (50.2 ± 12.9 vs 43.3 ± 12.0).ConclusionOur results suggest that Internet misuse may be related to ADHD traits among Japanese youth. Further investigation of the links between IA and ADHD is warranted.
Atypical Scleredema Involving the Hands in an Adolescent
Authors: Lewis Caroline M. , Sanchez April T. , Davis Loretta S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractScleredema is a rare and incompletely understood disorder characterized by progressive skin thickening and induration typically affecting the trunk, neck, and proximal upper extremities. Hand and finger involvement is exceptionally rare, having been reported in only two infection‐related cases. We present an atypical case of postinfectious scleredema involving the hands and discuss scleredema as an important potential cause of hand tightness and induration in adolescents.
Relational turbulence among military couples after reunion following deployment
Authors: KNOBLOCH LEANNE K. , MCANINCH KELLY G. , ABENDSCHEIN BRYAN , EBATA AARON T. , MCGLAUGHLIN PATRICIA C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractReintegration following deployment is a pivotal time for returning service members and at‐home partners. We test logic derived from the relational turbulence model about depressive symptoms, relational uncertainty, and interference from a partner as predictors of people's appraisals of turmoil during the post‐deployment transition. Participants were 118 military couples who completed an online questionnaire once per month for the first 3 months after homecoming. Multilevel models predicting people's appraisals of turmoil revealed (a) actor and partner effects of depressive symptoms, (b) actor effects of relational uncertainty, and (c) actor effects of interference from a partner that were apparent beyond people's appraisals of turmoil during the previous month. These findings advance both theory and practice.
Introduction
Authors: Balfour Danny L. , Newbold Stephanie P. 
Published: August 2016

Related Content: Christensen (PAR September/October 2016)Related Content: Youtie (PAR September/October 2016)Related Content: Alaimo (PAR September/October 2016)Related Content: Vickers (PAR September/October 2016)Related Content: Thompson (PAR September/October 2016)Related Content: Todd and Anderson (PAR September/October 2016)
Dramatic texts in the Tudor curriculum: John Palsgrave and the Henrician educational reforms
Authors: Juhász‐Ormsby Ágnes 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn 1540, the English humanist scholar, schoolmaster, and royal chaplain John Palsgrave (d. 1554) published a bilingual Latin‐English annotated edition of the Dutch humanist and reformer Wilhelm Gnapheus’ (1493–1568) widely popular play Acolastus (1529). Palsgrave's Acolastus reflects a growing trend in England and on the continent to Christianize Terence for classroom use, to expurgate or simply move away from the morally ambiguous classical playwrights. More importantly, the English edition of Acolastus was meant to form part, as a proposed standardized text, of the educational reforms of the late 1530s initiated by the government in accordance with the Protestant policy to reorganize grammar schools and unify their curriculum. As part of these reforms, Palsgrave elevated the educational function of dramatic texts by selecting a contemporary neo‐Latin play as a model for textual exegesis in class and by making it the main source of Latin language practice. Palsgrave's extensive annotations reveal how dramatic texts were taught, analysed, and applied not only to practical rhetorical training performed on stage, but also to the grammatical and ethical reading of literary texts in the lower forms of English grammar schools. Furthermore, Palsgrave's annotations attest to a much broader pedagogical application of English translations, highlighting a conscious vernacularization within the humanist curriculum that took place considerably earlier in the sixteenth century than has been hitherto assumed.
A woman saint in the Parisian colleges: Claude Roillet's Catharinae Tragoedia (1556)
Authors: Nassichuk John 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article introduces and examines a hitherto little‐discussed tragedy by the French humanist Claude Roillet, professor and principal at the Collège de Bourgogne in the University of Paris during the reign of Henri II. This brief five‐act play entitled Catharinae tragedia, which presents the life of the iconic saint Catherine of Alexandria, based principally upon information gleaned from late‐mediaeval, Latin prose sources, was first printed amongst the author's collected Varia Poemata in 1556. This study shall examine Roillet's debt to his Latin sources, with some consideration of possible influences exercised by the vernacular, dramatic mysteries devoted to Catherine and presented in France during the first half of the sixteenth century. The objective is to situate this Latin play within the tradition of texts of all genres devoted to this well‐known character who is frequently met with in mediaeval and early Renaissance iconography. The article will also discuss the didactic aspects proper to Roillet's presentation of the story.
Drama in the margins – academic text and political context in Matthew Gwinne's Nero: Nova Tragædia (1603) and Ben Jonson's Sejanus (1603/5)
Authors: Buckley Emma 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhile recent scholarship has recognized the attractions of Matthew Gwinne's chronicle history Nero (1603), its major drawback – an uncritical over‐dependence on the historical sources – has attracted the charge that the play is dramatically incoherent, ultimately a mere ‘academic exercise’. At first glance this approach might be confirmed in Gwinne's pedantic inclusion of scholarly side‐notes which add little to a play‐text already containing the whole historical record. But through a comparative reading with the quarto text of Jonson's Sejanus (first performed 1603; published with Latin side‐notes, 1605) I will argue that both authors use the interpretative potential of ‘text’ and ‘margin’ to reflect not just on the tyranny of princes but also the obedience of citizens, and more specifically the right conduct of a constituency made up, precisely, of the intended cast and audience of Nero, those closest to monarchical power, the counsellors. After sketching the controlling, pre‐emptive and fragmenting policy of margination in Sejanus in the service of a politically defensive use of the ancient historical record, as Jonson relies upon the authenticity of Tacitus to bolster the integrity of his own play, I contrast Gwinne's own practice in Act IV of Nero, which centres on the aftermath of Agrippina's murder and Nero's decision to exile his wife Octavia. Through the margins, Gwinne opens up contradictions in the historical record and invites complicating reflection and contested interpretation of Nero's reign, above all in his interrogation of the conduct of the tutor‐philosopher Seneca. By framing Seneca's role in government through ancient and modern texts that reflect on the politics and ethics of service under tyranny (above all John of Salisbury's Policraticus (1159) and Savile's The Ende of Nero (1591)), I argue that Gwinne's ‘Tacitist’ Nero goes far beyond mere homiletic instruction.
Outbreak of Campylobacteriosis Associated with Raccoon Contact at a Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, Minnesota, 2013
Authors: Saunders S. , Smith K. , Schott R. , Dobbins G. , Scheftel J. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCampylobacteriosis is an enteric illness caused by bacteria of the genus Campylobacter. There are approximately 900 culture‐confirmed cases of campylobacteriosis reported annually to the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH). Case patients are interviewed about risk factors, including foods eaten, recreational and drinking water exposures and animal contact. In September 2013, MDH identified two Campylobacter jejuni cases who reported working at the same wildlife rehabilitation centre before illness onset. This report describes the investigation, which used a case–control study design, and identified 16 additional ill persons, for a total of 18 ill persons. Both cases and controls reported working with a variety of animals, including squirrels, chipmunks, mice, raccoons, opossums, rabbits, songbirds, waterfowl and reptiles. In univariate analyses, contact with a number of different animal species was significantly associated with illness, including raccoons (odds ratio [OR], 11.1; P < 0.001), chipmunks (OR, 3.65; P = 0.01), opossums (OR, 4.38; P = 0.005), mice (OR, 4.18; P = 0.01) and rabbits (OR, 4.36; P = 0.003). In a multivariate model, contact with raccoons was the only exposure independently associated with illness (adjusted OR, 12.2; P = 0.01). Bacterial culture and subtyping of the outbreak strain of C. jejuni from raccoon faecal samples further implicated raccoons as the source of the outbreak. Not all of the cases reported handling raccoons, suggesting that environmental contamination contributed to transmission. MDH worked with the wildlife rehabilitation centre's management to strengthen biosecurity and infection control protocols.
Optimum Spacing of Vertical Parallel Plates for Maximum Radiation Heat Transfer
Authors: Issavi Hanry , Barez Fred , Shabany Younes , Thurlow Ernest 
Published: August 2016

The reliability of the majority of electrical and electromechanical systems depends on their ability to dissipate heat generated by their internal components. Application of parallel plates for cooling electronic equipment is one of the most common methods of heat dissipation through convection and radiation. Others have investigated the optimum spacing between vertical plates for the case of maximum natural convection heat transfer. The goal of this study was to determine the optimum spacing for the maximum radiation heat transfer.
Analytic calculations were carried out to determine the optimum spacing. A mathematical interpolation was used to simplify the view factor correlations and from this an exact correlation was obtained to determine the optimum spacing for radiation heat transfer. It was concluded that for a known plate surface area, the optimum spacing for the maximum radiation decreases when the ratio of height over length of the plates increases. For fixed geometric parameters, the optimum spacing for radiation will display a skewed parabolic distribution when the surface emissivity of the plates was increased.
Measurement of Temperature of Chemically Non-Reacting Internal Flows Using Tunable-Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer
Authors: Akyuzlu K. M. 
Published: August 2016

This study reports on the implementation of a non-intrusive measurement technique for the measurement of temperature in chemically non-reacting internal flows. The proposed technique is based on laser absorption spectroscopy. A low pressure, laboratory scale hybrid rocket motor simulator testbed was used to obtain a high temperature gas flow inside an electrically heated stainless steel pipe. The test section where the temperature measurements were made is located downstream of the heater and just before a convergent-divergent nozzle. This test section incorporates two viewing ports made of 1mm thick quartz plate to accommodate the laser beam of the Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TDLAS) system. The TDLAS was originally designed to make measurement of temperature and velocity of hot gases inside the exhaust plume of a hybrid rocket motor. Consequently, the lasers were tuned to the absorption frequency of water vapor inside the combustion products.
For the present study, air was used as the working fluid. It was supplied from a compressed air cylinder which had low moisture concentrations. Therefore, the gas (air) flow had to be seeded with water vapor to obtain the necessary vapor concentrations for TDLAS measurements. This was accomplished by implementing a water vapor injector upstream of the heated section of the test apparatus. The superheated water vapor was supplied to the injector from an electrically heated, high pressure steam generator.
Temperature of the hot gas flow was also measured using flow-through thermocouples. Measurements were made and recorded during unsteady (startup and shutdown of the flow system) and steady state operation of the test apparatus. Experiments were repeated for different heat input rates and flow rates. Comparisons of the measurements indicate that TDLAS underestimate gas temperature by a constant value in the temperature ranges considered. A calibration (zeroing) of the TDLAS measurement improves the TDLAS readings. Based on this study, it is concluded that the TDLAS can be used to make real time temperature measurements of heated internal gas flows with reasonable accuracy.
Influence of the Quench Process on Microstructure Evolution in a Landing Gear Steel
Authors: Chentouf Samir Mourad , Jahazi Mohammad , Fortin Rejean 
Published: August 2016

The quench process of large size components is always problematic owing to non-uniform phase formation. In this context, the influence of cooling rate on phase transformation, for different cooling rates, in 300M steel is studied. A combination of high resolution dilatometry, optical microscopy, Vickers micro hardness measurements were employed to accurately determine the critical transformation temperature, and to identify microstructure constituents (bainite, martensite, and retained austenite).
A mixture of bainite, martensite and some retained austenite phases were observed to appear at cooling rate of 0.25°C/sec whereas for a cooling rate of 50°C/sec the microstructure is totally martensitic.
Investigation of Conjugate Heat Transfer in a Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Kadja M. , Mebrouk R. 
Published: August 2016

A numerical study was achieved on a realistic fin-and-tube heat exchanger in order to investigate its heat transfer and friction characteristics. The computations assume a steady-state heat transfer and fluid flow. Nusselt number and friction factor characteristics of the heat exchanger are determined for various values of Reynolds numbers. Conjugate convection-conduction energy conservation equations in 3 dimensions have been solved along with mass and momentum conservation equations in order to determine these characteristics. Both laminar and turbulent flow regimes are considered. The effect of turbulence modeling was investigated using three different models (the one equation Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model, the standard k-ε model and the RSM model). The computations allowed the determination of the dynamic and thermal fields. Model validation was carried out by comparing the calculated friction factor f and Colburn j-factor to experimental results found in the literature. The plotted results showed a qualitatively good agreement between numerical results and experimental data.
The results obtained also showed that the simplest of the three turbulence models tested (i.e. Spalart-Allmaras) gives the closest values to the experimental data.