bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life of people with dementia in nursing homes in Austria: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Deufert Daniela , Schermann Karoline 
Published: January 2017

Background: The preservation and promotion of the quality of life (QoL) is a central objective in the provision of nursing care for people with dementia (PwD). Long-term care facilities face the major challenge to promote the QoL of the ever-growing group of PwD by providing adequate nursing care.Objective: The aim of the study was to outline the QoL of residents with dementia in Austrian nursing homes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. The data were collected through the Quality of Life in Dementia Questionnaire (QUALIDEM) and the Functional Assessment Staging Test (FAST).Results: 147 people with mild to moderately severe dementia and 80 people with severe dementia residing in 23 nursing homes were included in the study. In people with mild to severe dementia, the highest scores were observed in the QUALIDEM-subscales positive affect and feeling at home, indicating a high QoL in these areas. The lowest scores with respect to the QoL were found in the categories restless tense behavior and having something to do. People with a very severe dementia had the lowest scores inthe QUALIDEM-subscales social relations, restless tense behavior and having something to do, indicating a low QoL in these areas. The categories with the highest scores were positive self-image and feeling at home.Conclusion: The results of the study provide first data and clues for possible developments or necessary changes in the care of PwD in long-term care facilities in Tyrol/Austria.
Major impact of volcanic gases on the chemical composition of precipitation in Iceland during the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption
Authors: Stefánsson Andri , Stefánsdóttir Gerdur , Keller Nicole S. , Barsotti Sara , Sigurdsson Árni , Thorláksdóttir Svava Björk , Pfeffer Melissa Anne , Eiríksdóttir Eydís S. , Jónasdóttir Elín Björk , von Löwis Sibylle , Gíslason Sigurdur R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Holuhraun eruption in 2014–2015 was the largest in Iceland for more than 200 years. It resulted in emissions of large quantities of volcanic gases into the atmosphere (11 megaton (Mt) SO2, 0.1 Mt HCl, and 0.05 Mt HF). During the eruption the volcanic gases had major effects on F, SO4 and to a lesser extent Cl concentrations in precipitaxtion throughout Iceland, effects not observed in recent decades. The concentrations of F, Cl, and SO4 (n = 705) reached values of 444 µm 12,270 µm, and 17,324 µm during the eruption and were on average ~20 times higher for F and SO4 and much lower for Cl compared to preeruption times. The concentrations of major cations (Si, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe) (n = 151) in the precipitation were taken as having originated from seawater spray and dissolution of rock dust and aerosol. Based on the mixing model developed here, it is demonstrated that the source of the enrichment of F and SO4 was indeed the volcanic gas emissions with >60–100 mol % of SO4 and F in the precipitation originated from volcanic gas, whereas the Cl originated mostly from seawater spray, making the volcanic gas input of Cl relatively less important than for F and SO4. The results showed that large volcanic eruptions can have major effects on atmospheric chemistry and impact the composition of precipitation.
M2Di: Concise and efficient MATLAB 2‐D Stokes solvers using the Finite Difference Method
Authors: Räss Ludovic , Duretz Thibault , Podladchikov Yury Y. , Schmalholz Stefan M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent development of many multiphysics modeling tools reflects the currently growing interest for studying coupled processes in Earth Sciences. The core of such tools should rely on fast and robust mechanical solvers. Here we provide M2Di, a set of routines for 2‐D linear and power law incompressible viscous flow based on Finite Difference discretizations. The 2‐D codes are written in a concise vectorized MATLAB fashion and can achieve a time to solution of 22 s for linear viscous flow on 10002 grid points using a standard personal computer. We provide application examples spanning from finely resolved crystal‐melt dynamics, deformation of heterogeneous power law viscous fluids to instantaneous models of mantle flow in cylindrical coordinates. The routines are validated against analytical solution for linear viscous flow with highly variable viscosity and compared against analytical and numerical solutions of power law viscous folding and necking. In the power law case, both Picard and Newton iterations schemes are implemented. For linear Stokes flow and Picard linearization, the discretization results in symmetric positive‐definite matrix operators on Cartesian grids with either regular or variable grid spacing allowing for an optimized solving procedure. For Newton linearization, the matrix operator is no longer symmetric and an adequate solving procedure is provided. The reported performance of linear and power law Stokes flow is finally analyzed in terms of wall time. All MATLAB codes are provided and can readily be used for educational as well as research purposes. The M2Di routines are available from Bitbucket and the University of Lausanne Scientific Computing Group website, and are also supplementary material to this article.
Magnetic excursions in the late Matuyama Chron (Olduvai to Matuyama‐Brunhes boundary) from North Atlantic IODP sites
Authors: Channell J. E. T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe sedimentary record of late Matuyama magnetic excursions, between the end of the Olduvai Subchron and the Matuyama‐Brunhes boundary, has relied on North Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 983/984, and individual recordings at ODP Site 1021 from the California Margin, and Core MD972143 from the west Philippine Sea. North Atlantic IODP Sites U1305, U1306, U1307 (Eirik Drift, off SE Greenland), and Site U1308 (central Atlantic) provide new records from u‐channel samples and discrete (8 cm3) cubic samples, collected from multiple holes drilled at each site. The results confirm the existence of the Intra‐Jaramillo, Punaruu, Bjorn, Gardar, and Gilsa excursions and possibly the Kamikatsura excursion. These excursions are not recorded at all sampled sites, although they do correspond to excursions recorded at ODP Sites 983/984 and to relative paleointensity minima recorded at all studied sites. For some records, including that of the Bjorn excursion (1251 ka), antipodal magnetization directions yield virtual geomagnetic poles that reach high northern latitudes, implying that the excursion involved reversal of the main axial dipole field. On the other hand, excursions are often partially and inadequately recorded, attributable to a combination of the brevity of geomagnetic excursions, bioturbation, and filtering of the magnetization signal by the detrital remanent magnetization acquisition process, nonuniform sedimentation rates at millennial/centennial scales, and possibly unrecognized drilling/sampling disturbance.
Production of a combined land surface data set and its use to assess land‐atmosphere coupling in China
Authors: Li Mingxing , Ma Zhuguo , Gu Hongping , Yang Qing , Zheng Ziyan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLand‐atmosphere interactions play an important role in shaping regional climate and its variability. In land‐atmosphere coupling study, a fundamental challenge is data limitation, such as the sparsity of long‐term land observations and uncertainty in individual model simulations. This study produces a multisource combined land surface data set using a Bayesian model averaging method, for the assessment of land‐atmosphere coupling across China. We employ the newly produced soil moisture and evapotranspiration, together with satellite‐derived soil moisture and observation‐based evapotranspiration to assess spatiotemporal characteristics of the coupling with observed precipitation and temperature. We also define a coupling index to identify region‐specific regimes. The results have shown that strong coupling occurs over northern China, particularly in the transition zone between dry and wet climate. Here summer coupling is dominated by land evaporative water storage. Over the southern humid regions and regions at high altitudes, land‐atmosphere coupling in summer is characterized by an energy‐limited regime. Estimated coupling strengths vary with season and variable used. Precipitation‐related couplings are generally stronger in summer; temperature‐related couplings are stronger in summer in dry areas but stronger in winter in humid areas. These findings provide a multisource combined representation and cross validation of spatial and temporal characteristics of land‐atmosphere coupling across China. The implications are that northern China is a critical region for climate change/variability impact and adaptation assessment.
Interpreting millimeter‐wave radiances over tropical convective clouds
Authors: Haddad Z. S. , Sawaya R. C. , Kacimi S. , Sy O. O. , Turk F. J. , Steward J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAttempts to interpret the measurements of millimeter‐wave radiometers over tropical storms must overcome the difficulty of modeling the scattering signatures of hydrometeors at these frequencies. Most approaches to date try to retrieve surface precipitation, to which the observations are not directly sensitive. In fact, millimeter wavelengths are most sensitive to the scattering from solid hydrometeors within the upper levels of the cloud. Millimeter‐wavelength radiometers have a definite advantage over the lower frequency radiometers in that they have finer spatial resolution to resolve deep convection. Preliminary analyses summarized here indicate that the measurements are indeed sensitive to the depth and intensity of convection. The challenge is to derive a robust approach to make quantitative estimates of the characteristics of the convection directly from the observations, and conversely to derive a robust forward representation of the dependence of the radiances on the underlying moisture fields, to enable effective data assimilation. This is accomplished using a two‐step semiempirical approach: first, nearly simultaneous coincident observations by millimeter‐wave radiometers and orbiting atmospheric profiling radars are used to enforce unbiased consistency between modeled brightness temperatures and radar and radiometer observations; second, the departure from the first‐step mean empirical relations are explained in terms of the moisture variables, using cloud‐resolving simulations with different microphysical schemes, including an original microphysical representation that proves to be more consistent with remote sensing observations than existing schemes. The results are a retrieval approach and a forward representation that are unbiased by construction, with uncertainties quantified by the corresponding conditional variances.
What does variation in primate behavior mean?
Authors: Strier Karen B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInterest in intraspecific behavioral variation has grown with concerns about the ability of primates to adapt to the rapidly changing ecological and demographic conditions that threaten their survival. Now, in addition to identifying the causes and phylogenetic distribution of normative, species‐specific behavior patterns for interspecific comparisons, there is widespread recognition of the need to incorporate intraspecific variation. This variation is evident across groups and populations of the same species as well over the long histories of single groups of long‐lived, socially complex animals with overlapping generations. Yet, analyses of both cross‐sectional and longitudinal data require explicit criteria about how to classify and interpret behavioral variation, and must be sensitive to the limitations of space‐for‐time substitutions in these comparisons. Current approaches have made great advances, but there remains an urgent challenge of understanding intraspecific variation in a way that will facilitate the development of new predictive models to assess population resilience and extinction risks in the face of climate change and other anthropogenic influences.
Current views on hunter‐gatherer nutrition and the evolution of the human diet
Authors: Crittenden Alyssa N. , Schnorr Stephanie L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDiet composition and food choice are not only central to the daily lives of all living people, but are consistently linked with turning points in human evolutionary history. As such, scholars from a wide range of fields have taken great interest in the role that subsistence has played in both human cultural and biological evolution. Central to this discussion is the diet composition and nutrition of contemporary hunters and gatherers, who are frequently conscripted as model populations for ancestral human nutrition. Research among the world's few remaining foraging populations is experiencing a resurgence, as they are making the final transition away from diets composed of wild foods, to those dominated by domesticated cultigens and/or processed foods. In an effort to glean as much information as possible, before such populations are no longer hunting and gathering, researchers interested in the evolution of human nutrition are rapidly collecting and accessing new and more data. Methods of scientific inquiry are in the midst of rapid change and scholars are able to revisit long‐standing questions using state of the art analyses. Here, using the most relevant findings from studies in ethnography, nutrition, human physiology, and microbiomes, we provide a brief summary of the study of the evolution of human nutrition as it has specifically pertained to data coming from living hunter‐gatherers. In doing so, we hope to bridge the disciplines that are currently invested in research on nutrition and health among foraging populations.
Boraformylation and Silaformylation of Allenes
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki , Sawada Ayumi , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Tani Yosuke , Terao Jun , Tsuji Yasushi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe boraformylation of allenes with B2(pin)2 and a formate ester as boron and formyl source, respectively, proceeds in the presence of a copper catalyst. The reaction selectively affords the corresponding β‐boryl β,γ‐unsaturated aldehydes in good to high yields. Furthermore, the silaformylation of allenes was achieved with a formate ester and PhMe2Si−B(pin) as the silicon source.
SBA‐15‐supported N‐coordinate ruthenium(II) materials bearing sulfonamide‐type ligands: Effect of ligand backbones on catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes
Authors: Dayan Serkan , Kayaci Nilgun , Kalaycioglu Ozpozan Nilgun , Dayan Osman 
Published: January 2017

[RuLCl(p‐cymene)] (L = N‐arylsulfonylphenylenediamine) complexes (2a–d) were synthesized from the reaction between [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2 and ligand. Additionally, SBA‐15–[RuLCl(p‐cymene)] derived catalysts (3a–d) were successfully immobilized onto mesoporous silica (SBA‐15) by an easily accessible approach. The structural elucidations of 2a–d and 3a–d were carried out with various methods such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR and infrared spectroscopies, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption–desorption and scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. The Ru(II) complexes and materials were found to be highly active and selective catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation (TH) reaction of aldehydes and ketones. The influence of various 1,2‐phenylenediamines on the reactivity of the catalysts (complexes or materials) was studied and the catalysts (2d and 3d) with a 4,5‐dichlorophenylenediamine substituent showed the best activity (the maximum turnover frequencies are 2916 and 2154 h−1 for TH of 4‐fluoroacetophenone, and 6000 and 4956 h−1 for TH of 4‐chlorobenzaldehyde).
Prediction of CO2 gas permeability behavior of ionic liquid–polymer membranes (ILPM)
Authors: Mannan H. A. , Mukhtar H. , Murugesan T. , Man Z. , Bustam M. A. , Shaharun M. S. , Abu Bakar M. Z. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTPredicting the gas permeability of ionic liquid‐polymeric membranes (ILPM) is of great importance for the design of efficient gas separation membrane materials. The available models for the prediction of CO2 gas permeability through ionic liquid‐polymeric membranes were analyzed using the literature data. Maxwell model was selected for modification due to relatively accurate prediction capability. The Maxwell model was modified for ionic liquid‐polymeric membranes by incorporating model parameter k for the effectiveness of volume fraction of dispersed phase. The established methodology was tested for different ionic liquid‐polymeric membrane systems for validation. A satisfactory agreement was observed for predicted and experimental permeability by using the current approach. This method can be used for the prediction of CO2 gas permeability through ionic liquid‐polymeric membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44761.
Incorporation of chloramphenicol and captopril into poly(GL)‐b‐poly(GL‐co‐TMC‐co‐CL)‐b‐poly(GL) monofilar surgical sutures
Authors: Márquez Yolanda , Cabral Tània , Lorenzetti Alice , Franco Lourdes , Turon Pau , del Valle Luís J. , Puiggalí Jordi 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIncorporation of chloramphenicol and captopril into coated and uncoated monofilament sutures was evaluated, as well as the derived bactericide and wound healing effects. To this end, a commercially available suture and an amorphous random copolymer constituted by trimethylene carbonate and lactide units were considered. The suture had a segmented architecture based on polyglycolide hard blocks and a soft block constituted by glycolide, trimethylene carbonate and ε‐caprolactone units. Chloramphenicol was better loaded when the coating copolymer was employed due to its protective effect whereas captopril showed an opposite behavior due to partial solubilization during immersion in the coating bath. Interestingly, the release behavior was very different for the two studied drugs since a significant retention of chloramphenicol was always detected, suggesting the establishment of interactions between drug and copolymers. On the other hand, delivery of captopril showed a typical dose dependent behavior. A low in vitro toxicity of the two drugs was determined considering both epithelial‐like and fibroblast‐like cells. Bactericide effect of chloramphenicol against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria was demonstrated at a dose that was non‐toxic for all assayed cells. An accelerating wound healing effect of captopril was also demonstrated for early events. In this case, the use of a coating copolymer was fundamental to avoid cytotoxic effects on highly loaded sutures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44762.
Approximation Optimal Vibration for Networked Nonlinear Vehicle Active Suspension with Actuator Time Delay
Authors: Han Shi‐Yuan , Zhang Cheng‐Hui , Tang Gong‐You 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the modelling and vibration control problem for networked nonlinear vehicle active suspension (NNVAS) with actuator time delay. Inserting in‐vehicle communication network to active suspension, a novel model for NNVAS is established based on the Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy fusion technology first. By introducing a transformation vector, NNVAS with actuator time delay is reformed as a delay‐free nonlinear system. Then, an approximation optimal vibration controller (AOVC) is proposed by using an iterative algorithm, which consists of suspension state item, a road disturbance state item, and a compensated item for nonlinear response. Dependant on the control performance in each iteration, the computability of proposed AOVC is realized. A reduced‐order observer is designed to solve the physical unrealizable problem of road disturbances. Finally, compared with the open‐loop system and
control scheme without network setting, the capability of improving control performance under AOVC is illustrated.
Stable Delayed Bilateral Teleoperation of Mobile Manipulators
Authors: Santiago Diego D. , Slawiñski Emanuel , Mut Vicente A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes a control scheme for a stable teleoperation of non‐holonomic mobile manipulator robots. This configuration presents high‐coupled dynamics and motion redundancy. The problem approached in this work is the teleoperation of the end effector velocity of the Mobile Manipulator, while system redundancy is used to achieve secondary control objectives. We considered variable asymmetric time delays as well as non‐passive models of operator and environment. From this study, it is possible to infer the control parameters, depending on the time delay, in order to assure stability. Finally, the performance of the delayed teleoperation system is evaluated through simulations of human‐in‐the‐loop internet teleoperation.
Copper(II)‐Controlled Molecular Glue for Mismatched DNA
Authors: Kotera Naoko , Guillot Régis , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule , Granzhan Anton 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIsothermal hybridization of two DNA strands bearing three thymine‐thymine (T:T) mismatches can be brought about in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of a bis‐naphthalene macrocycle, 2,7‐BisNP‐NH. This process can be reverted by addition of a CuII salt due to formation of a dinuclear metal complex which does not bind to DNA. Subsequent sequestration of CuII releases the macrocycle and restores the hybridization state of DNA strands, thus allowing implementation of a fast fluorescent two‐state DNA switch.
Revealing Additional Stereocomplementary Pairs of Old Yellow Enzymes by Rational Transfer of Engineered Residues
Authors: Nett Nathalie , Duewel Sabine , Richter Alexandra Annelis , Hoebenreich Sabrina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEvery year numerous protein engineering and directed evolution studies are published, increasing the knowledge that could be used by protein engineers. Here we test a protein engineering strategy that allows quick access to improved biocatalysts with very little screening effort. Conceptually it is assumed that engineered residues previously identified by rational and random methods induce similar improvements when transferred to family members. In an application to ene‐reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family, the newly created variants were tested with three compounds, revealing more stereocomplementary OYE pairs with potent turnover frequencies (up to 660 h−1) and excellent stereoselectivities (up to >99 %). Although systematic prediction of absolute enantioselectivity of OYE variants remains a challenge, “scaffold sampling” was confirmed as a promising addition to protein engineers' collection of strategies.
Gold(I)‐Mediated Thiourea Organocatalyst Activation: A Synergic Effect for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Izaga Anabel , Herrera Raquel P. , Gimeno M. Concepción 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSeveral group 11 metal complexes with chiral thiourea organocatalysts have been prepared and tested as organocatalysts. The promising results on the influence of metal‐assisted thiourea organocatalysts in the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indole with nitrostyrene are described. Better results with the metal complexes have been achieved because of the cooperative effects between the chiral thiourea and the metal. The synergic effect between both species is higher than the effect promoted by each one separately, especially for gold(I). These outcomes are attributed to a pioneering gold(I) activation of the thiourea catalysts, affording a more acidic and rigid catalytic complex than that provided by the thiourea alone. Furthermore, the use of the gold–thiourea organocatalyst allows reducing the catalyst loading to 1–3 mol %. This contribution could become an important starting point for further investigations opening a new line of research overlooked so far in the literature.