bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Deprivation Diminishes Attentional Control Effectiveness and Impairs Flexible Adaptation to Changing Conditions
Authors: Whitney Paul , Hinson John M. , Satterfield Brieann C. , Grant Devon A. , Honn Kimberly A. , Van Dongen Hans P. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInsufficient sleep is a global public health problem resulting in catastrophic accidents, increased mortality, and hundreds of billions of dollars in lost productivity. Yet the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on decision making and performance is often underestimated by fatigued individuals and is only beginning to be understood by scientists. The deleterious impact of SD is frequently attributed to lapses in vigilant attention, but this account fails to explain many SD-related problems, such as loss of situational awareness and perseveration. Using a laboratory study protocol, we show that SD individuals can maintain information in the focus of attention and anticipate likely correct responses, but their use of such a top-down attentional strategy is less effective at preventing errors caused by competing responses. Moreover, when the task environment requires flexibility, performance under SD suffers dramatically. The impairment in flexible shifting of attentional control we observed is distinct from lapses in vigilant attention, as corroborated by the specificity of the influence of a genetic biomarker, the dopaminergic polymorphism DRD2 C957T. Reduced effectiveness of top-down attentional control under SD, especially when conditions require flexibility, helps to explain maladaptive performance that is not readily explained by lapses in vigilant attention.
Connection adaption for control of networked mobile chaotic agents
Authors: Zhou Jie , Zou Yong , Guan Shuguang , Liu Zonghua , Xiao Gaoxi , Boccaletti S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a strategy for the control of mobile chaotic oscillators by adaptively rewiring connections between nearby agents with local information. In contrast to the dominant adaptive control schemes where coupling strength is adjusted continuously according to the states of the oscillators, our method does not request adaption of coupling strength. As the resulting interaction structure generated by this proposed strategy is strongly related to unidirectional chains, by investigating synchronization property of unidirectional chains, we reveal that there exists a certain coupling range in which the agents could be controlled regardless of the length of the chain. This feature enables the adaptive strategy to control the mobile oscillators regardless of their moving speed. Compared with existing adaptive control strategies for networked mobile agents, our proposed strategy is simpler for implementation where the resulting interaction networks are kept unweighted at all time.
Strongly Coupled Magnetic and Electronic Transitions in Multivalent Strontium Cobaltites
Authors: Lee J. H. , Choi Woo Seok , Jeen H. , Lee H.-J. , Seo J. H. , Nam J. , Yeom M. S. , Lee H. N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe topotactic phase transition in SrCoO
x
(x = 2.5–3.0) makes it possible to reversibly transit between the two distinct phases, i.e. the brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 that is a room-temperature antiferromagnetic insulator (AFM-I) and the perovskite SrCoO3 that is a ferromagnetic metal (FM-M), owing to their multiple valence states. For the intermediate x values, the two distinct phases are expected to strongly compete with each other. With oxidation of SrCoO2.5, however, it has been conjectured that the magnetic transition is decoupled to the electronic phase transition, i.e., the AFM-to-FM transition occurs before the insulator-to-metal transition (IMT), which is still controversial. Here, we bridge the gap between the two-phase transitions by density-functional theory calculations combined with optical spectroscopy. We confirm that the IMT actually occurs concomitantly with the FM transition near the oxygen content x = 2.75. Strong charge-spin coupling drives the concurrent IMT and AFM-to-FM transition, which fosters the near room-T magnetic transition characteristic. Ultimately, our study demonstrates that SrCoO
x
is an intriguingly rare candidate for inducing coupled magnetic and electronic transition via fast and reversible redox reactions.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and a downregulated Hedgehog pathway impair blood-brain barrier function in an in vitro model of CNS tuberculosis
Authors: Brilha Sara , Ong Catherine W. M. , Weksler Babette , Romero Nacho , Couraud Pierre-Olivier , Friedland Jon S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCentral nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB) has a high mortality and morbidity associated with severe inflammation. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from inflammation but the mechanisms causing BBB damage in CNS TB are uncharacterized. We demonstrate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes breakdown of type IV collagen and decreases tight junction protein (TJP) expression in a co-culture model of the BBB. This increases permeability, surface expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and leukocyte transmigration. TJP breakdown was driven by Mtb-dependent secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. TJP expression is regulated by Sonic hedgehog (Shh) through transcription factor Gli-1. In our model, the hedgehog pathway was downregulated by Mtb-stimulation, but Shh levels in astrocytes were unchanged. However, Scube2, a glycoprotein regulating astrocyte Shh release was decreased, inhibiting Shh delivery to brain endothelial cells. Activation of the hedgehog pathway by addition of a Smoothened agonist or by addition of exogenous Shh, or neutralizing MMP-9 activity, decreased permeability and increased TJP expression in the Mtb-stimulated BBB co-cultures. In summary, the BBB is disrupted by downregulation of the Shh pathway and breakdown of TJPs, secondary to increased MMP-9 activity which suggests that these pathways are potential novel targets for host directed therapy in CNS TB.
Speeding up bioproduction of selenium nanoparticles by using Vibrio natriegens as microbial factory
Authors: Fernández-Llamosas Helga , Castro Laura , Blázquez María Luisa , Díaz Eduardo , Carmona Manuel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSelenium and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are extensively used in biomedicine, electronics and some other industrial applications. The bioproduction of SeNPs is gaining interest as a green method to manufacture these biotechnologically relevant products. Several microorganisms have been used for the production of SeNPs either under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Vibrio natriegens is a non-pathogenic fast-growing bacterium, easily cultured in different carbon sources and that has recently been engineered for easy genetic manipulation in the laboratory. Here we report that V. natriegens was able to perfectly grow aerobically in the presence of selenite concentrations up to 15 mM with a significant survival still observed at concentrations as high as 100 mM selenite. Electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that V. natriegens cells growing aerobically in selenite-containing LB medium at 30 °C produced spherical electron-dense SeNPs whose size ranged from 100–400 nm. Selenite reduction just started at the beginning of the exponential growth phase and the release of SeNPs was observed after cell lysis. Remarkably, V. natriegens produced SeNPs faster than other described microorganisms that were proposed as model bioreactors for SeNPs production. Thus, the fast-growing V. natriegens bacterium becomes a suitable biocatalyst for bioremediation of selenite and for speeding-up the eco-friendly synthesis of SeNPs.
Declining pre-monsoon dust loading over South Asia: Signature of a changing regional climate
Authors: Pandey Satyendra K. , Vinoj V. , Landu K. , Babu S. Suresh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDesert dust over the Indian region during pre-monsoon season is known to strengthen monsoon circulation, by modulating rainfall through the elevated heat pump (EHP) mechanism. In this context, an insight into long term trends of dust loading over this region is of significant importance in understanding monsoon variability. In this study, using long term (2000 to 2015) aerosol measurements from multiple satellites, ground stations and model based reanalysis, we show that dust loading in the atmosphere has decreased by 10 to 20% during the pre-monsoon season with respect to start of this century. Our analysis reveals that this decrease is a result of increasing pre-monsoon rainfall that in turn increases (decreases) wet scavenging (dust emissions) and slowing circulation pattern over the Northwestern part of the sub-continent.
Water and Blood Repellent Flexible Tubes
Authors: Hoshian Sasha , Kankuri Esko , Ras Robin H. A. , Franssila Sami , Jokinen Ville 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA top-down scalable method to produce flexible water and blood repellent tubes is introduced. The method is based on replication of overhanging nanostructures from an aluminum tube template to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via atomic layer deposition (ALD) assisted sacrificial etching. The nanostructured PDMS/titania tubes are superhydrophobic with water contact angles 163 ± 1° (advancing) and 157 ± 1° (receding) without any further coating. Droplets are able to slide through a 4 mm (inner diameter) tube with low sliding angles of less than 10° for a 35 µL droplet. The superhydrophobic tube shows up to 5,000 times increase in acceleration of a sliding droplet compared to a control tube depending on the inclination angle. Compared to a free falling droplet, the superhydrophobic tube reduced the acceleration by only 38.55%, as compared to a 99.99% reduction for a control tube. The superhydrophobic tubes are blood repellent. Blood droplets (35 µL) roll through the tubes at 15° sliding angles without leaving a bloodstain. The tube surface is resistant to adhesion of activated platelets unlike planar control titania and smooth PDMS surfaces.
The influence of curvature on the properties of the plasma membrane. Insights from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Yesylevskyy Semen O. , Rivel Timothée , Ramseyer Christophe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work we conduct a systematic analysis of the influence of curvature on various properties of a realistic model of mammalian plasma membrane with asymmetric lipid content of monolayers and a realistic concentration of cholesterol. In order to do this we developed new technique for simulating membranes with the global membrane curvature restricted to any desirable value while keeping free lateral diffusion of the lipids and without introducing artifacts or perturbing the membrane structure. We show that the thickness of the hydrophobic core of the concave monolayer decreases by approximately 1.3 Å in comparison to that of the flat membrane, while the thickness of the convex monolayer does not change. The order parameter of the lipid tails decreases significantly in the certain layers of the curved membrane. The area per lipid increases in the convex monolayer and decreases in the concave monolayer. The cholesterol inclination angle decreases when the curvature of a particular monolayer changes from concave to convex. The amount of cholesterol in the minor fraction located between the membrane leaflets is zero in the membrane with positive curvature and increases to 1.7% in the flat membrane and to 2.5% in the membrane with negative curvature.
Hilfe aus dem Netz für Angehörige von Menschen mit gestörtem Glücksspielverhalten – Nutzung und Ergebnisse des E-Mental-Health-Programms EfA
Authors: Buchner Ursula , Koytek Annalena , Wodarz Norbert , Wolstein Jörg 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Angehörige von Personen mit einer Störung durch Glücksspielen sind häufig durch Stress belastet; viele benötigen Unterstützung. Daher wurde mit „Verspiel nicht mein Leben“ – Entlastung für Angehörige (EfA) ein webbasiertes Angebot entwickelt. Berichtet werden Teilnehmenden-Charakteristika, ihre Lebenssituation, belastende Themen, Hilfesuchverhalten, Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und Beanspruchung.
Methodik Onlinegestützte Befragung der Teilnehmenden von Juni 2013 bis Juni 2016, u. a. KPD-38 und SQFM-AA.
Ergebnisse Primär nahmen Frauen teil (89,1%). Die meisten Teilnehmenden waren Partner/innen (68,2%). Das Belastungserleben war erhöht, dennoch hatten 2 Drittel bislang keine Hilfen genutzt. Durch die Teilnahme an EfA konnte das Selbstwirksamkeitserleben verbessert und die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit gesteigert werden.
Schlussfolgerungen EfA ist ein niedrigschwelliges Angebot, dass Angehörigen den Einstieg in professionelle Hilfen ermöglicht und ihnen erste Hilfen gibt.
Foot Strike Patterns Differ Between Children and Adolescents Growing up Barefoot vs. Shod
Authors: Hollander Karsten , de Villiers Johanna , Venter Ranel , Sehner Susanne , Wegscheider Karl , Braumann Klaus-Michael , Zech Astrid 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEffects of early and permanent footwear use are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of habituation to footwear on foot strike patterns of children and adolescents. Healthy habitually barefoot and shod participants (aged 6–18 years) from South Africa (n=288) and Germany (n=390) performed multiple 20-m jogging and running trials with and without shoes. Each foot strike was captured using a high-speed camera to determine a rearfoot or non-rearfoot strike. The probability of a rearfoot strike in both cohorts and each age was analyzed by using a mixed-effects logistic regression adjusted for possible confounders. Habitually barefoot children showed a higher probability of using rearfoot strikes than habitually shod children (p<0.001). The probability was age-dependent and decreased in habitually barefoot children with age (ORbarefoot-jogging=0.82, 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96, p=0.014; ORbarefoot-running=0.58, 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.67, p<0.001 and ORshod-running=0.68, 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.79, p<0.001). In habitually shod children, the probability increased significantly for shod jogging (OR=1.19, 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.35, p=0.006). To conclude, foot strike patterns of children are influenced by habituation to footwear. Younger habitually barefoot children show higher rates of rearfoot strikes for shod and barefoot running, and it converges in later adolescence.
Ich habe nie verstanden, wieso einige Menschen von ­Verhaltenssüchten sprechen
Authors: Orford Jim 
Published: November 2017

Wie sind Sie in die Suchtforschung gekommen?
Ich bin zum Thema Abhängigkeit vor langer Zeit gekommen. Ich bin als klinischer Psychologe ausgebildet worden und wollte eine Promotion verfassen und konnte das in Manchester, wo ich nach dem Studium arbeitete, nicht machen. Ich wurde dann von Griffith Edwards vom Institut für Psychiatrie in London angefragt. Er hatte ein Institut in London und hatte gerade Förderung für eine Studie zu Drogenabhängigkeit bekommen – das war Mitte der 60er Jahre und das wurde gerade zum großen Thema. Es gab damals einige Städte in England, in denen es mit Drogen gerade los ging – es war noch sehr überschaubar. Ich war der erste Psychologe, der in diesem Projekt dabei war, hatte aber keine Vorerfahrung in diesem Bereich und kein spezielles Interesse an Abhängigkeitserkrankungen. Ich blieb dann 10 Jahre in der Arbeitsgruppe von Griffith Edwards und schrieb dort meine Dissertation, die sich schwerpunktmäßig mit Angehörigen von Suchtkranken befasste. Griffith Edwards machte eine Interventionsstudie in Form einer kontrollierten Studie mit „Treatment as usual versus simple advice“. Es ging dabei um eine Stichprobe verheirateter Männer, die Studie befasste sich mit deren Frauen, die sie ins Krankenhaus begleiteten. Meine Dissertation befasste sich mit der Erhebung der Ehequalität, welche Auswirkungen die Alkoholprobleme auf die Angehörigen hatten und wie die Ehefrauen mit den Alkoholproblemen umgingen. Damit fing alles an.
B-Cell-Attracting Chemokine CXCL13 As a Marker of Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Omran Eman , El-Hakeim Eman , Galal Marwa , Nasr Nada , Mosaad Eman 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background A correlation was detected between the chemokine CXC ligand 13 (CXCL13) and lupus nephritis, but there is no data recorded in the literature about a relationship with other disease manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, we sought to investigate the relationship between CXCL13 and overall disease activity and other disease manifestations in SLE.
Patients and Methods Fifty-seven SLE patients (51 female, 6 male) aged 18–60 years, fulfilling≥4 SLICC classification criteria for the classification of SLE, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Disease activity was scored using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scoring system. The serological workup included routine lab investigations (full blood count, liver and kidney function tests, and urinalysis) as well as ESR, CRP, anti-ds DNA, C3, C4, 24-h urine protein, and creatinine clearance. Plasma CXCL13 levels were detected by ELISA.
Results CXCL13 levels were elevated in active SLE patients. A significant positive correlation was found between the total score of SLEDAI and CXCL13 levels (r=0.547, p-value <0.0001). A statistically significant difference was found regarding the mean CXCL13 levels between the patient groups (classified according to SLEDAI score) (inactive <3, mild/moderate ≥3–12, severe ˃12) (p-value<0.001). The anti-ds DNA antibody titre showed a significant positive correlation with CXCL13 levels (r=0.335, p-value<0.05). The complement levels (C3, C4) showed a significant negative correlation with CXCL13 levels (p-value<0.001). Also there was a significant positive correlation between 24-h urine protein and urinary casts and CXCL13 levels (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion Our study revealed elevated levels of serum CXCL13 in active SLE patients. We demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation between serum CXCL13 levels in active SLE patients and SLE disease activity, which supports the role of CXCL13 in the pathogenesis of SLE disease and its activity. Among the variants used in calculating the SLEDAI score, we detected significant relations between level of serum CXCL13 and each of total and extra-renal SLEDAI score.
1.1.4 Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Ruamps M. , Lavigne G. , César V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter describes the main synthetic pathways to access N-heterocyclic carbene–metal complexes. Routes covered include the complexation of free carbenes, metal-induced decomposition of carbene adducts, in situ generation of carbenes in the presence of metals, transmetalation, and templated synthesis from isocyanides.
1.2.2 Cross-Coupling Reactions Other Than Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling
Authors: Ogasawara M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCross coupling between a main-group organometallic nucleophile and an organic electrophile is one of the most powerful C—C bond-forming reactions in modern organic synthesis. Various palladium–N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have been utilized in a wide range of cross-coupling reactions. The palladium–NHC systems outperform the classical palladium–phosphine catalysts in many cases, and they have solved several long-standing limitations of the classical cross-coupling protocols. This chapter covers cross couplings mediated by palladium–NHC complexes in which the nucleophile is an organomagnesium (Kumada–Tamao–Corriu coupling), an organozinc (Negishi coupling), an organotin (Stille coupling), an organosilicon (Hiyama coupling), or an organolithium, as well as Sonogashira-type couplings of alkynes.
1.4.4 Catalytic Boron Addition Reactions
Authors: Cuenca A. B. , Fernández E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) in metal-mediated and metal-free catalytic borylation reactions is described. Special emphasis is given to the activation mode of the borane reagent by a metal–NHC complex or an NHC itself, as well as its influence on the delivery of the boryl moiety onto unsaturated substrates to generate a C—B bond efficiently and selectively. Asymmetric induction can be achieved in borylation reactions using chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes and a detailed range of examples is highlighted.
1.4.11 Hydroaminomethylation
Authors: Kalck P. , Urrutigoity M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRhodium complexes of the form Rh(Cl)(NHC)(cod) (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene), bearing a monocarbene ligand, are efficient catalyst precursors for the synthesis of a variety of amines from alkenes through the hydroaminomethylation reaction. Starting from styrene, styrene derivatives, or other alkenes, this tandem reaction involves a hydroformylation reaction, the condensation of the produced aldehyde with a primary or secondary amine, and the hydrogenation of the resulting imine/enamine to give the expected amine. High conversion rates and chemoselectivities are obtained. Under a medium pressure of carbon monoxide/hydrogen, the active species Rh(H)(NHC)(CO) 2 is presumably formed, which coordinates the alkene. High regioselectivity for the linear amine is obtained for terminal alkenes. Interestingly, high yields of the branched amine are obtained from styrene and its derivatives using a bis-carbene ligand, which should produce the Rh(H)(CO)(NHC) 2 active species. The absence of decoordination of the NHC ligand allows the use of a stoichiometric carbene/rhodium ratio in catalysis.
2.4 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Asymmetric Transition-Metal Catalysis
Authors: Collins S. K. , Holtz-Mulholland M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric reactions catalyzed by chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have become an important synthetic tool for the synthesis of key chiral building blocks. This chapter describes the different NHC ligand types that have been developed, including both monodentate/bidentate and C1- and C2-symmetric ligands. In addition, the use of such ligands in a variety of asymmetric transformations is presented, as well as applications in the construction of complex molecules.
2.7.2 Covalently Immobilized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Thieuleux C. , Crozet D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the preparation and the catalytic performance of metal–NHC complexes immobilized on oxide supports, which are designed so that the metal–NHC complex is maintained on the support during catalysis. The major scientific contributions for the covalent immobilization of metal–NHC complexes onto various oxides are covered, with an emphasis on the most distinguished examples. Particular attention is directed toward the anchoring of metal complexes via the substituents or the backbone of the NHC ligand, or via another X/L-type ligand that is not expected to suffer from decoordination during the catalytic process.
2.7.4 Flow Systems for N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Peñafiel I. , Lapkin A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractContinuous-flow technology represents a paradigm shift in the manufacture of specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In many such syntheses, catalysis by N-heterocyclic carbenes plays an important role due to the stability, activity, and broad synthetic utility of these species. This chapter explores the “sweet-spot” in the combination of catalysis by N-heterocyclic carbenes and flow-chemistry technology. The chapter opens with a description of the fundamentals of flow technology and then relates the functions of flow reactors to the specifics of N-heterocyclic carbene based catalysis. The chapter provides an overview of up-to-date literature on catalysis by carbenes in flow reactors.