bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No difference in self‐reported frequency of choking between infants introduced to solid foods using a baby‐led weaning or traditional spoon‐feeding approach
Authors: Brown A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundBaby‐led weaning (BLW) where infants self‐feed family foods during the period that they are introduced to solid foods is growing in popularity. The method may promote healthier eating patterns, although concerns have been raised regarding its safety. The present study therefore explored choking frequency amongst babies who were being introduced to solid foods using a baby‐led or traditional spoon‐fed approach.MethodsIn total, 1151 mothers with an infant aged 4–12 months reported how they introduced solid foods to their infant (following a strict BLW, loose BLW or traditional weaning style) and frequency of spoon‐feeding and puree use (percentage of mealtimes). Mothers recalled if their infant had ever choked and, if so, how many times and on what type of food (smooth puree, lumpy puree, finger food and specific food examples).ResultsIn total, 13.6% of infants (n = 155) had ever choked. No significant association was found between weaning style and ever choking, or the frequency of spoon or puree use and ever choking. For infants who had ever choked, infants following a traditional weaning approach experience significantly more choking episodes for finger foods (F2,147 = 4.417, P = 0.014) and lumpy purees (F2,131 = 6.46, P = 0.002) than infants following a strict or loose baby‐led approach.ConclusionsBaby‐led weaning was not associated with increased risk of choking and the highest frequency of choking on finger foods occurred in those who were given finger foods the least often. However, the limitations of noncausal results, a self‐selecting sample and reliability of recall must be emphasised.
Fundamental movement skills and balance of children with Down syndrome
Authors: Capio C. M. , Mak T. C. T. , Tse M. A. , Masters R. S. W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundConclusive evidence supports the importance of fundamental movement skills (FMS) proficiency in promoting physical activity and countering obesity. In children with Down Syndrome (DS), FMS development is delayed, which has been suggested to be associated with balance deficits. This study therefore examined the relationship between FMS proficiency and balance ability in children with DS, with the aim of contributing evidence to programmes that address FMS delay.MethodsParticipants consisted of 20 children with DS (7.1 ± 2.9 years old) and an age‐matched control group of children with typical development (7.25 ± 2.5 years). In the first part of the study, FMS (i.e. locomotor and object control) proficiency of the children was tested using the Test of Gross Motor Development‐2. Balance ability was assessed using a force platform to measure centre of pressure average velocity (AV; mm/sec), path length (mm), medio‐lateral standard deviation (mm) and antero‐posterior standard deviation (mm). In the second part of the study, children with DS participated in 5 weeks of FMS training. FMS proficiency and balance ability were tested post‐training and compared to pre‐training scores. Verbal and visuo‐spatial short‐term memory capacities were measured at pre‐training to verify the role of working memory in skill learning.ResultsFMS proficiency was associated with centre of pressure parameters in children with DS but not in children with typical development. After controlling for age, AV was found to predict significant variance in locomotor (R2 = 0.61, P < 0.001) and object control (R2 = 0.69, P < 0.001) scores. FMS proficiency and mastery improved after FMS training, as did AV, path length and antero‐posterior standard deviation (all P < 0.05). Verbal and visuo‐spatial short‐term memory did not interact with the effects of training.ConclusionsChildren with DS who have better balance ability tend to have more proficient FMS. Skill‐specific training improved not only FMS sub‐skills but static balance stability as well. Working memory did not play a role in the changes caused by skills training. Future research should examine the causal relationship between balance and FMS.
High‐Tand low‐Pmetamorphism in the Xilingol Complex of central Inner Mongolia, China: An indicator of extension in a previous orogeny
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Rui , Wei Chun‐Jing , Chu H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Xilingol Complex comprises biotite gneisses and amphibolite interlayers with extensive migmatization. Four representative samples were documented and found to record either two or three metamorphic stages. Phase modelling usingthermocalcsuggests that the observed assemblages represent the final stages that underwent cooling from temperature peaks, and are consistent with a fluid‐absent solidus inP–Tpseudosections. TheirP–Tconditions are further constrained to be 5–6 kbar/680–725°C and 4–5 kbar/650–680°C for two garnet‐bearing gneiss samples, 4–5 kbar/660–730°C for a cordierite‐bearing gneiss sample, and 4–5 kbar/680–710°C for an amphibolite sample based on mineral composition isopleths, involving measured Mg content in biotite, anorthite in plagioclase, grossular and pyrope in garnet and Ti content in amphibole. The peak temperature conditions recovered are 760–790°C or >760°C at 5–6 kbar based on the composition isopleths of plagioclase, biotite, garnet and especially the comparison of melt contents between the calculated and observed. A pre‐peak heating process with slight decompression can be suggested for some samples on the basis of the core–rim increase in the plagioclase anorthite, and the stability of ilmenite. Zircon U–Pb dating using theLA‐ICP‐MSmethod provides systemic constraints on the metamorphic ages of the Xilingol Complex to be 348–305 Ma, interpreted to represent the post‐peak cooling stages. Moreover, metagabbroic dykes that intruded into the Xilingol Complex yield 317 ± 3 Ma from magmatic zircon, and are considered to have played a significant role for heat advection triggering the high‐Tand low‐Pmetamorphism. Thus, the clockwiseP–Tpaths involving pre‐peak heating, peak and post‐peak cooling recovered for the Xilingol Complex are consistent with an extensional setting in the Carboniferous that developed on a previous orogen in response to addition of mantle‐derived materials probably together with upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle.
Melanomacrophage functions in the liver of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus
Authors: Gutierre Robson Campos , Jared Carlos , Antoniazzi Marta Maria , Coppi Antonio Augusto , Egami Mizue Imoto 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMelanomacrophages are phagocytes that synthesize melanin. They are found in the liver and spleen of ectothermic vertebrates, and in the kidney of fish. In agnathan and elasmobranch fish, melanomacrophages are seen as isolated cells, and forming clusters in all the other vertebrates. The natural phagocytic activity of melanomacrophages is poorly characterized, as most of the research works have focused on induced phagocytic activity only. Furthermore, little is known about amphibian melanomacrophages, mainly about those in caecilians – wormlike amphibians in the order of Gymnophiona, which is the least known group of terrestrial vertebrates. The present research work aimed at the structure and function of hepatic melanomacrophages of Siphonops annulatus, a species largely found in South America. We identified the role of these cells in the control of circulating basophils (pro‐melanogenic cells), in the turnover of liver collagen stroma and in the hemocatheresis, interrelated physiological mechanisms.
Immediate effect and safety of HIFU single treatment for male subcutaneous fat reduction
Authors: Guth Fernanda , Bitencourt Shanna , Bedinot Cícero , Sinigaglia Giovana , Tassinary João Alberto Fioravante 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe increasing search for procedures for fat reduction is related to dissatisfaction with body shape. High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been proven effective in body sculpting when used noninvasively to reduce subcutaneous fat and improve body contour.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the immediate effect and safety of HIFU single treatment for male localized fat and body remodeling.Patients/MethodsTwenty‐four male subjects (18 to 59 years old) with BMI ≤ 30 kg/cm² and at least 2 cm of abdominal fat received a single HIFU treatment session. Individuals were subjected to abdominal measurements before and after procedure. In addition, biochemical analyses of blood samples were performed to assess possible inflammatory effects or oxidative stress induction by the treatment.ResultsHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound was found to be an effective treatment in reducing localized adiposities in the abdominal region. A significant decrease (0.6%) was observed in infraumbilical circumference of subjects submitted to HIFU single treatment when compared with control subjects. The laboratory parameters did not present any appreciable changes.ConclusionThis study further strengthens the current view that HIFU is an effective and safe tool for localized fat reduction.
A two‐center, assessor‐blinded, prospective trial evaluating the efficacy of a novel hypertonic draining cream for cellulite reduction: A Clinical and instrumental (Antera 3D CS) assessment
Authors: Puviani Mario , Tovecci Federica , Milani Massimo 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIntroductionGynoid lipodystrophy, also known as cellulite, is a very common skin alteration representing mainly a cosmetic problem rather than a real disease. An effective treatment of cellulite has not been well established. The initial phase of cellulite is characterized by subdermal tissue edema with interstitial fluids retention. A new hypertonic topical product with draining action (HTC) containing NaCl 13%, escine, caffeine, and beta‐sitosterol has been recently developed. A 28‐day double‐blind placebo‐controlled study has shown that this cream is able to reduce thigh circumference and the thickness of adipose tissue. No data so far are available regarding an objective evaluation of skin appearance for a longer application period.Study aimTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of 2‐month HCT treatment with clinical and instrumental assessments.Subjects and methodsIn a prospective, 2‐center, assessor‐blinded trial 20 women (mean age 34 years) with cellulite of Grade I‐III in severity were enrolled after their informed consent. HTC was applied once daily for 60 days. Primary outcomes of the trial were the evolution of thigh circumference measurements (assessed at baseline, after 1 and 2 months) and the computer‐analysis of skin profilometry (ie, skin volumes) of a prespecified target area evaluated by means of Antera 3D CS digitalized images (assessed at baseline and at the end of the trial). Secondary outcome was the orange peel severity score (from 0 to 5) before and after pitch test.ResultsAll subjects concluded the study period. Thigh circumference was reduced by −0.88 (right)/−1.2 cm (left) and by −1.8(right)/−2.1 (left) cm, after 30 and 60 days of treatment, respectively (P = .001, Wilcoxon test vs baseline). Antera 3D profilometry of the target zone showed a significant reduction in skin depression expressed in mm3 of −56% (from 59.7 to 26.73 mm3) after HTC application. Orange peel (no pitch test) mean (SD) score was 2.3 (1) at baseline, 2.0 (1) and 1.8 (0.8) after 1 and 2 months (P = .0031), respectively. After‐pitch orange peel score was significantly reduced after treatment (from 3.3 to 2.2).ConclusionOnce daily application of HTC for 2 months has confirmed its efficacy in the improvement of objective and subjective assessments of cellulite parameters.(Trial Number registration: ISRCTN15111614).
Fetal sex discordance in a monochorionic twin pregnancy following intracytoplasmic sperm injection: A case report of chimerism and review of the literature
Authors: Uysal Nihal Ş. , Gülümser Çağrı , Çelik Zerrin Y. , Zeyneloğlu Hulusi B. , Yanık Filiz F. B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA 39‐year‐old woman who became pregnant with twins after an intracytoplasmic sperm injection was referred at the ninth gestational week to determine chorionicity. Ultrasonographic examination showed a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy. First trimester nuchal translucency measurements of the fetuses were 1.6 and 2.7 mm. A non‐invasive prenatal test was performed and revealed low risk. One fetus appeared to be female and the other male at the 14th gestational week. Second trimester anatomic scanning results were otherwise normal for both fetuses. The newborns delivered at term appeared to be normal female and male babies phenotypically. At the fourth month, buccal cell analysis showed chimeric karyotypes, 46,XX[98]/46,XY[2] and 46,XY[98]/46,XX[2] in the female and male infant, respectively. The recognition of sex discordance despite monochorionicity may be a clue for the diagnosis of such rare cases of chimerism in dizygotic twins, most of which occur in pregnancies obtained by assisted reproductive technology.
Cerebral White Matter Maturation Patterns in Preterm Infants: An MRI T2 Relaxation Anisotropy and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Knight Michael J. , Smith‐Collins Adam , Newell Sarah , Denbow Mark , Kauppinen Risto A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPreterm birth is associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcome, but brain maturation in preterm infants is poorly characterized with standard methods. We evaluated white matter (WM) of infant brains at term‐equivalent age, as a function of gestational age at birth, using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).METHODSInfants born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation) and late preterm (33‐36 weeks gestation) were scanned at 3 T at term‐equivalent age using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and T2 relaxometry. MRI data were analyzed using tract‐based spatial statistics, and anisotropy of T2 relaxation was also determined. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were applied to seek the variables best distinguishing very preterm and late preterm groups.RESULTSAcross widespread regions of WM, T2 is longer in very preterm infants than in late preterm ones. These effects are more prevalent in regions of WM that myelinate earlier and faster. Similar effects are obtained from DTI, showing that fractional anisotropy (FA) is lower and radial diffusivity higher in the very preterm group, with a bias toward earlier myelinating regions. Discriminant analysis shows high sensitivity and specificity of combined T2 relaxometry and DTI for the detection of a distinct WM development pathway in very preterm infants. T2 relaxation is anisotropic, depending on the angle between WM fiber and magnetic field, and this effect is modulated by FA.CONCLUSIONSCombined T2 relaxometry and DTI characterizes specific patterns of retarded WM maturation, at term equivalent age, in infants born very preterm relative to late preterm.
Health‐care professionals’ approach in feeding term small‐for‐gestational age infants and its potential implications to later growth outcomes
Authors: Lee Le Ye , Muhardi Leilani , Cheah Fook‐Choe , Supapannachart Sarayut , Teller Inga C , Bindels Jacques , van Der Beek Eline M , van Elburg Ruurd M 
Published: December 2017

AimTo understand feeding practices, nutrition management and postnatal growth monitoring of term small‐for‐gestational age (tSGA) infants in Southeast Asia.MethodsAnonymous questionnaires to assess practices on feeding, nutrition management and post‐natal growth monitoring of tSGA infants were distributed among health‐care professionals (HCPs) participating in regional/local perinatology symposia in Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore.ResultsThree hundred seventy‐seven respondents from Malaysia (37%), Thailand (27%), Singapore (18%) and other Asian countries (19%) participated in the survey. Respondents were neonatologists (35%), paediatricians (25%) and other HCPs (40%) including nurses and midwives. Exclusive human milk feeding was reported the most preferred feeding option for tSGA infants, followed by fortified human milk feeding (60% and 20%, respectively). This was consistent among the different countries. The perceived nutrient requirements of tSGA infants varied between countries. Most respondents from Malaysia and Singapore reported requirements to be similar to preterm infants, while the majority from Thailand reported that it was less than those of preterm infants. The World Health Organization Growth Chart of 2006 and Fenton Growth Charts of 2013 were the most frequently used charts for growth monitoring in the hospital and after discharge.ConclusionsNutrition management and perceived nutrient requirements for tSGA infants among practising HCPs in Southeast Asia showed considerable variation. The impetus to form standardised and evidence based feeding regimens is important as adequate nutritional management and growth monitoring particularly in this population of infants will have long term impact on population health.
Impact of Pretreatment Neutrophil Count on Chemotherapy Administration and Toxicity in Dogs with Lymphoma Treated with CHOP Chemotherapy
Authors: Fournier Q. , Serra J.‐C. , Handel I. , Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPrechemotherapy absolute neutrophil count (ANC) cutoffs are arbitrary and vary across institutions and clinicians. Similarly, subjective guidelines are utilized for the administration of prophylactic antibiotics in neutropenic dogs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of various ANC cutoffs on chemotherapy administration in dogs with lymphoma treated with CHOP chemotherapy and to determine whether an association between prechemotherapy ANC and subsequent toxicity exists. The secondary objective was to evaluate a currently used ANC cutoff to indicate prescription of prophylactic antibiotics.AnimalsDogs diagnosed with lymphoma treated with CHOP chemotherapy (n = 64).MethodsSix hundred and fifteen ANCs were stratified into 6 classes. The 3 ANC cutoffs 1.5 × 103/μL, 2.0 × 103/μL, and 2.5 × 103/μL were assessed. The presence of an association between prechemotherapy ANC class and toxicity was determined. Afebrile neutropenic dogs with ANC <1.5 × 103/μL but above the criteria for prophylactic antibiotics were evaluated.ResultsChemotherapy was not administered in 7% of visits with an ANC cutoff of 1.5 × 103/μL; chemotherapy would not have been administered in 10% and 16% of visits with an ANC cutoff of 2.0 × 103/μL or 2.5 × 103/μL, respectively. There was no association among the 3 lower prechemotherapy ANC classes and toxicity. All dogs with ANC 0.75–1.5 × 103/μL recovered spontaneously without medical intervention.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe number of dose delays was minimized with a prechemotherapy ANC cutoff of 1.5 × 103/μL, and the prechemotherapy ANC class 1.5–1.99 × 103/μL was not associated with an increased toxicity. Further investigation of an ANC cutoff near 0.75 × 103/μL in which to prescribe prophylactic antibiotics is indicated.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Effect of Heart Rate on Survival in Dogs with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Pedro B. , Dukes‐McEwan J. , Oyama M.A. , Kraus M.S. , Gelzer A.R. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) usually is associated with a rapid ventricular rate. The optimal heart rate (HR) during AF is unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesHeart rate affects survival in dogs with chronic AF.AnimalsForty‐six dogs with AF and 24‐hour ambulatory recordings were evaluated.MethodsRetrospective study. Holter‐derived HR variables were analyzed as follows: mean HR (meanHR, 24‐hour average), minimum HR (minHR, 1‐minute average), maximum HR (maxHR, 1‐minute average). Survival times were recorded from the time of presumed adequate rate control. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified variables independently associated with survival; Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis estimated the median survival time of dogs with meanHR <125 bpm versus ≥125 bpm.ResultsAll 46 dogs had structural heart disease; 31 of 46 had congestive heart failure (CHF), 44 of 46 received antiarrhythmic drugs. Of 15 dogs with cardiac death, 14 had CHF. Median time to all‐cause death was 524 days (Interquartile range (IQR), 76–1,037 days). MeanHR was 125 bpm (range, 62–203 bpm), minHR was 82 bpm (range, 37–163 bpm), maxHR was 217 bpm (range, 126–307 bpm). These were significantly correlated with all‐cause and cardiac‐related mortality. For every 10 bpm increase in meanHR, the risk of all‐cause mortality increased by 35% (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17–1.55; P < 0.001). Median survival time of dogs with meanHR<125 bpm (n = 23) was significantly longer (1,037 days; range, 524‐open) than meanHR ≥125 bpm (n = 23; 105 days; range, 67–267 days; P = 0.0012). Mean HR was independently associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.003).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHolter‐derived meanHR affects survival in dogs with AF. Dogs with meanHR <125 bpm lived longer than those with meanHR ≥ 125 bpm.
Gallbladder Mucocele: Variables Associated with Outcome and the Utility of Ultrasonography to Identify Gallbladder Rupture in 219 Dogs (2007–2016)
Authors: Jaffey J.A. , Graham A. , VanEerde E. , Hostnik E. , Alvarez W. , Arango J. , Jacobs C. , DeClue A.E. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundGallbladder mucocele (GBM) is an increasingly recognized extrahepatic biliary disease in dogs.ObjectivesTo investigate cases of GBM and identify variables associated with survival and the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography to identify gallbladder rupture.AnimalsTwo hundred and nineteen client‐owned dogs with GBM.MethodsMulticenter, retrospective study of dogs with GBM, presented from January 2007 to November 2016 to 6 academic veterinary hospitals in the United States. Interrogation of hospital databases identified all cases with the inclusion criteria of a gross and histopathologic diagnosis of GBM after cholecystectomy and intraoperative bacteriologic cultures of at least 1 of the following: gallbladder wall, gallbladder contents, or abdominal effusion.ResultsTwo hundred and nineteen dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Dogs with GBM and gallbladder rupture with bile peritonitis at the time of surgery were 2.7 times more likely to die than dogs without gallbladder rupture and bile peritonitis (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–4.68; n = 41). No significant associations were identified between survival and positive bacteriologic cultures, antibiotic administration, or time (days) from ultrasonographic identification of GBM to the time of surgery. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative likelihood ratios for ultrasonographic identification of gallbladder rupture were 56.1% (95% CI, 39.9–71.2), 91.7% (95% CI, 85.3–95.6), 6.74, and 0.44, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceDogs in our study with GBM and intraoperative evidence of gallbladder rupture and bile peritonitis had a significantly higher risk of death. Additionally, abdominal ultrasonography had low sensitivity for identification of gallbladder rupture.