bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive rotations for improving soil productivity and profits
Authors: Francis Charles A. , Blanco-Canqui Humberto , Creech Cody F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Future farming systems will require more flexibility in design for application under conditions of increasing climatic fluctuations. Two potential solutions are more complex rotations, e.g. sequences of unlike crop species in the field, and multiple cropping systems that combine different crops during the same season and add spatial and/or temporal diversity to a farming system. In this review, we discuss how adaptive rotations based on alternative crops, long rotation cycles, and multi-crop systems, as well as integrated crop-livestock options could improve farm productivity, sustainability, and resilience. We also discuss potential challenges and opportunities connected to adaptive rotations. Limited literature suggests adaptive crop rotations based on present soil conditions, current soil moisture, predicted precipitation, previous crops and yields, and the latest market information may be promising for farmers. We propose that adaptive rotations could improve soil biodiversity and health, water use, pest management – including insects, pathogens, weeds and other pests, and overall agricultural resilience against climatic change. Also, adaptive rotations provide opportunities for exploring intercropping, complex rotations, and crop-livestock integrated systems, while achieving greater economic resilience for farmers. Primary forces that may impede the successful adoption of adaptive rotations include human factors (conservative reluctance to change), complexity of incorporating new options (i.e., new crops, equipment), limited land ownership, federal subsidies limited to certain commodities, risks perceived by lending agencies (about half of farmed land in the Midwest U.S. is leased), and lack of research results. However, increasing market uncertainties, emerging focus on soil health, and growing concerns about climatic fluctuations represent ample incentives to pursue adaptive rotations in different agroecoregions. We conclude that adaptive rotations would open new options for farmers to seek sustained profits in unpredictable and rapidly changing economic and weather environments.
Design of the electrode structure for the dust removal efficiency optimization of electrostatic precipitator
Authors: Li Haiying , Mou Hanwen , Pan Penghui , Zhou Xin , Wang Zhuo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Air dust pollution prevention and control is a global environmental concern. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) play a crucial role in dust pollution control, and its electrode structure significantly affects plasma parameters and the movement of charged dust particles, which in turn influences the dust removal efficiency. This study focuses on optimizing the commonly used wire-plate dust removal device, experimental research is conducted first, revealing that the hole-hole electrode structure of an ESP exhibits higher peak currents at the same voltage compared to both plate-hole and plate-plate electrode configurations. For the removal efficiency of particles with a radius greater than 1 μm, the ESP with a hole-hole electrode structure performs better than those with plate-hole and plate-plate electrode structures. Moreover, the particle collection efficiency is positively correlated with particle radius, larger particles correspond to higher dust removal efficiency. Based on experimental findings, simulations are conducted to provide a deeper analysis and understanding of the dust removal mechanisms of ESPs. This paper primarily utilizes COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation software to simulate traditional wire-plate ESPs and a new wire-hole ESP. It explores the multiphysical characteristics of ESPs under different electrode structure configurations, and investigates in depth the impact of electrode structure on dust removal efficiency. The simulation results indicate that compared to flat collecting electrodes, porous collecting electrodes exhibit a significant increase in electric field intensity at the openings, and they have a lower surface charge density than flat plates, thereby reducing reverse corona phenomena. Ion wind affects the internal airflow dynamics of ESPs, thereby influencing their efficiency in capturing fine particulate matter. This negative impact of ion wind can be mitigated by introducing perforations in the collection plates.
Torsional damper design for diesel engine: theory and application
Authors: Qiu Zexu , Chen Rongchuang , Gan Xingang , Wu Changbin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Torsional vibration is the primary cause of engine crankshaft failure. Consequently, the reduction of engine vibration is of paramount importance for the enhancement of automotive safety and comfort. However, the lack of comprehensive insight into the damping mechanism of the torsional damper has impeded the effective control of engine torsional vibration. In order to gain insight into the vibration characteristics of the shaft system in an inline six-cylinder diesel engine, an analysis of the system’s behaviour during both free and forced vibration was conducted. A mathematical relationship was deduced between the dimensions, material, operational temperature and damping properties of the silicone oil damper. The objective was to determine the optimal damping and moment of inertia of the damper, with the aim of minimizing the torsional amplitude of the sixth harmonic. The results demonstrate a reduction in the six-harmonic torsional amplitude from 0.32° to 0.14° following the installation of the damper. The mean and relative deviations between the calculated and experimental results are 0.0018° and 0.83%, respectively. To facilitate the design of the silicone oil damper, a software program, Vibsim, was developed based on Visual Studio for the design and torsional vibration analysis of the silicone oil damper. This software is reliable in calculating results and is user-friendly.
Enhancing target recognition rate in atmospheric turbulence using orbital angular momentum spectra of vortex beams
Authors: Cui Chengshuai , Wang Hongyang , Zhang Zijing , Lin Runzi , Yun Hao , Lv Xinran , Song Jiayu , Feng Rui , Zhao Yuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Traditional methods for extracting and recognizing targets from laser echo signals typically involve complex processing and require extensive data. Vortex beams carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), and upon reflection from a target, the distribution of the OAM spectrum carries features related to the target, thereby enriching the dimensions of target recognition. Using the OAM spectrum simplifies the recognition process but faces challenges like atmospheric turbulence that affect beam transmission and target recognition accuracy. Our study employs the Gerchberg–Saxton phase retrieval (GS) algorithm to mitigate the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the beams. Using OAM spectrum data, we achieved effective target recognition with various shapes under atmospheric turbulence through a back-propagation neural network (BPNN). Simulations revealed a recognition rate increase from 76.25% to 96% post-compensation by the GS algorithm. We also found that the highest recognition rate occurs at a target ratio of 0.2. After compensation with the GS algorithm at a target ratio of 0.1, the recognition rate for each shape increased to 99%. This demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing the OAM spectrum for recognizing diverse target shapes, with the GS algorithm further improving recognition rates. These findings can be applied to intelligent transportation and robotic vision.
Agricultural innovation for climate change: limited but positive impacts of commercialized drought-tolerant corn
Authors: Lee Seungki , Moschini GianCarlo , Perry Edward D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The extent to which new technologies can countervail the risks posed by climate change is a critical element for designing adaptation strategies. This study uses new experimental data spanning 17 US states from 2008 to 2023 to examine the potential impact of recently commercialized drought tolerant (DT) traits on both yield and yield resilience in US corn production. We find that there is no yield advantage for DT hybrids under average weather conditions, but they improve yield resilience, particularly with respect to precipitation. These effects are spatially heterogeneous, such that DT has a positive yield impact in the droughty, western US, but a small, or even negative, impact in the central and eastern US. In addition, the presence of DT reduces yield variance and kurtosis, and increases skewness, all of which imply a reduction in yield risk. Using the statistical model estimates, we project the impact of DT on corn yields under future climate conditions obtained from 20 general circulation models with two representative concentration pathways. The projected ensemble means of yield gains are 6.34 bu/acre and 5.39 bu/acre under moderate and extreme warming scenarios, respectively, by the mid-twenty-first century. These gains compensate for 23% and 13.5% of total yield loss due to climate change. Our results indicate that current commercial DT hybrids reduce yield risk, improve resilience with respect to precipitation, and have the potential to offer moderate benefits under climate change warming scenarios.
Numerical optimisation of Dirac eigenvalues
Authors: Antunes Pedro R S , Bento Francisco , Krejčiřík David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Motivated by relativistic materials, we develop a numerical scheme to support existing or state new conjectures in the spectral optimisation of eigenvalues of the Dirac operator, subject to infinite-mass boundary conditions. We numerically study the optimality of the regular polygon (respectively, disk) among all polygons of a given number of sides (respectively, arbitrary sets), subject to area or perimeter constraints. We consider the three lowest positive eigenvalues and their ratios. Roughly, we find results analogous to known or expected for the Dirichlet Laplacian, except for the third eigenvalue which does not need to be minimised by the regular polygon (respectively, the disk) for all masses. In addition to the numerical results, a new, mass-dependent upper bound to the lowest eigenvalue in rectangles is proved and its extension to arbitrary quadrilaterals is conjectured.
The role of society in the expansion of oil palm plantation and the changes in land cover at Kuantan Singingi, Riau
Authors: Marbun F , Nelmayati  , Suryoko A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite the negative impacts arising from oil palm plantations, nowadays, oil palm expansion is still ongoing. At least this happened to independent farmers who converted their land into oil palm plantations. However, this expansion is not always related to deforestation, because some of the oil palms are not converted from forest areas but from community fields that have been previously cultivated. This research was conducted on oil palm farmers in Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province using data collection techniques through FGDs and in-depth interviews. The research results show that changes in land cover to oil palm plantations do not always change directly from forest areas, but some of the land has previously been agricultural land. Land transformation is driven by several factors, such as the market including price fluctuations, both the price of palm oil and previous commodities. Easiness of access to markets is also a driving factor for farmers to switch to oil palm cultivation. The emergence of processing factories that are ready to accommodate fresh fruit bunch (FFB) has encouraged farmers to be willing to switch their cultivation.
History of origin status and land use of smallholder oil palm plantations of PT. RAJ and PT. TPR in South Sumatra
Authors: Tarwana K N , Pratama H Z A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Palm oil plantations significantly contribute to the Indonesian economy, one of the largest income-generating sectors and a major export contributor. However, there is an ongoing debate about the impact of oil palm plantations on environmental damage due to deforestation. This research aims to identify the historical development of the status and land use history of smallholder oil palm plantations (KR) as a response to criticism stating that deforestation has negative impacts. Data collection was carried out through literature study, interviews, overlay analysis between plantation maps and TGHK, Forest Area and RTRWP maps of South Sumatra, as well as interpretation of Landsat imagery. The research results show that there are two KRs at each PT. KR 5 and 6 are found at PT.RAJ and KR 7 and 8 are at PT.TPR. Based on the 1986 TGHK, the 1994 South Sumatra RTRWP, and the 2016 Minister of Forestry Decree, 100% of the KR has the status of Other Land Uses (APL). The land use history in each KR is former community fields used in 2007 (KR 5), 2006 (KR 6), 2017 (KR 7) and 2014 (KR 8). These results corresponded with the interpretation of Landsat imagery. The land cover in each KR is swamp shrubs. Land cover is identified from two years to the year when oil palm planting was carried out. This research confirmed that this plantation was not responsible for deforestation.
Law study about confirmation of forest area towards legal certainty of forest area in Indonesia
Authors: Sadino  , Wiyono B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Indonesia has been blessed with a land area of 187.75 million ha with details of land cover consisting of forest 95.56 million ha and non-forest land 92.19 million ha. Not all of the forest areas in Indonesia have legal certainty because forest areas have not yet been gazetted as mandated in Act Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry. As a result of the absence of comprehensive forest area gazettement, the status of forest areas in Indonesia does not yet have legal certainty according to forestry law norms themselves and has the potential to give rise to legal disputes over land rights resulting from the regulation of forestry law norms with agrarian law norms. Of course, this will have an impact on the forest area itself, potentially not being legally protected. The author deliberately conducted research using normative legal research on the gazettement of forest areas based on statutory regulations, by taking the main problem, First, what is the procedure for an area to become a forest area through the gazettement of a forest area? Second, what is the legal certainty regarding forest areas that have not yet been gazetted as the basis for law enforcement in the forestry sector?
Palms of paradox – cultivating palms to support reforestation and avoid deforestation
Authors: Azahari D H , Sukarman  , van Assen B W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The role of commercial oil palm cultivation in historical deforestation remains a key reason for western activists to demand a boycott of palm oil. Yet, most commercial palms crops contributed significantly to historical deforestation, and a more holistic approach is needed to determine their economic, social and environmental impacts. According to a study from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), oil palm trees are capable of absorbing 13.7 tons of CO2 per hectare. They only release 3.6 tons of CO2 per ha, most of which comes from Palm Oil Mill Effluents. Therefore, palm oil plantations could absorb 10.1 tons of CO2 per ha. Hence, this paper explores key biological and social economic impacts of the (commercial) cultivation of five palm species in Indonesia: the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), the nipa palm (Nypa fruiticans), the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), the sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) and the sugar palm (Arenga pinnata). The analysis concludes that all palms, in particular oil palm, can be used to rehabilitate degraded lands, support reforestation efforts and avoid deforestation.
Investigation and estimation of structural and dielectric properties of chromium-doped cobalt ferrites nano particles
Authors: Abdulhussein Huda Jabbar , Hadi Enas Muhi , Salim Evan T , Azzahrani Ahmad S , Gopinath Subash C B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nano ferrite materials are of critical importance in meeting the global demand for microwave and electronic devices, as spinel ferrites possess remarkable morphological, structural, and dielectric characteristics. This study investigates chromium-doped ferrite nanoparticles with the chemical composition CoCrxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00, 0.30, 0.60, and 0.90), synthesize using the sol–gel technique and subjected to annealing at 900 °C. Energy Dispersive x-ray Analysis EDAX patterns confirmed compositional stoichiometry. X- Ray Diffraction analysis reveals that all samples exhibit a cubic crystal structure. Replacing some of the ions with chromium (Cr3+) led to a decrease in the x-ray density form (5.329–5.324). The average crystallite size in the fabricated samples ranged from 46.07 to 31.84 nm, and the lattice parameters decrease from 8.382 to 8.364 Å as the chromium content increase. Infrared spectra show that lower frequency band (ν2) at around 479.69-392 .60 cm–1 and a higher frequency band (ν1) within a range from 611.05–57661 cm–1 a clear indication of spinel structure characteristics. The examination using FE-SEM indicates that the produced materials exhibit porosity and amorphous characteristics. The significant tangent loss observe at lower frequencies suggests that these materials may have potential applications in medium-frequency devices. Consequently, spinel nanoferrites can offer advantages for advanced electronic and microwave technologies.
Investigation of the optical and radiation shielding parameters of erbium-doped zinc sodium tungsten borate glass using MCNP5 simulations
Authors: Iliyasu Usman , Sanusi Mohamad Syazwan Mohd , Ahmad Nor Ezzaty 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explores the potential of (20Na2O+25ZnO+10WO3+(60-x)B2O3+xEr2O3 where x = 0.1, 0.5, 0.7, and 1 mol%) glass for optical and radiation shielding applications, fabricated using the melt quenching method. Optical, structural, and radiation shielding properties were analyzed using UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, MCNP5, and Phy-X/PSD software. Results show a 9.01% decrease in refractive index from 2.22 to 2.02 and a significant increase in band gap energy from 2.29 eV to 3.12 eV with increasing Er2O3 content. The addition of Er3+ ions convert BO3 units into BO4 units, creating a denser glass network. The linear attenuation coefficient (

LAC

) increased in BTEr1 glass to 0.676 cm−1, compared to 0.607 cm−1 for BTEr0.1 glass, reflecting an approximate rise of 11.5% in

LAC
.

The BTEr1 glass shows enhanced radiation shielding, with a 10.25% reduction in the half-value layer (HVL) from 1.15 cm in BTEr0.1 to 1.03 cm in BTEr1 at 0.284 MeV, and a further reduction of 8.17% from 4.77 cm in BTEr0.1 to 4.42 cm in BTEr1 at 2.506 MeV for 0.1 and 1 mol% Er2O3 level in the BTEr glass. The BTEr glass enhances light transmission in the visible spectrum and increases glass stability with Er2O3 addition , making it suitable for advanced optical applications. Additionally, its improved photon radiation shielding properties make it a promising candidate for radiation protection.
Is the personal political?
Authors: Jenkins Katharine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the feminist slogan ‘the personal is political’, which repositions women’s apparently individual difficulties (such as navigating intimate relationships or developing positive self-image) as systematic issues facing women, and hence as political problems rather than personal problems. The chapter showcases feminist philosophical arguments that aim to reveal political significance in topics that are often considered to be merely personal, such as body image and beauty practices. These arguments challenge a distinction between a ‘private sphere’ and a ‘public sphere’. The chapter also considers parallel arguments regarding sexual objectification, sexual preferences, and the interplay between sex, power, and control.
Varieties of authoritarianism
Authors: Loxton James 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the major subtypes of authoritarianism, focusing on what it calls The Big Three: military, single-party, and personalist regimes. Military regimes involve some kind of power-sharing among the armed forces, often symbolized by the creation of a junta. Single-party regimes are dominated by a ruling party, which may or may not formally ban opposition parties. Personalist regimes concentrate power in the hands of one man. The chapter concludes by examining the rise of “competitive authoritarianism,” in which multi-party elections are held but the playing field is tilted in favor of the government. It asks whether this represents a new type of authoritarianism, or simply a new set of techniques employed by The Big Three.
The birth of authoritarian regimes
Authors: Loxton James 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the birth of authoritarian regimes and the related concept of democratic breakdown. It shows that democratic breakdown can occur at the hands of the military (coup) or at the hands of an elected leader (self-coup). It discusses the role of two key actors: the “disloyal” opposition, who oppose democracy on principle, and the “semi-loyal” opposition, who may turn against democracy under certain circumstances. The chapter discusses how polarization and fear often contribute to democratic breakdown, as illustrated by the rise of the Nazis in Germany in the 1930s and the 1973 coup that put an end to democracy in Chile.
Structure-preserved integration of scRNA-seq data using heterogeneous graph neural network
Authors: Zhang Xun , Qian Kun , Li Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The integration of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from multiple experimental batches enables more comprehensive characterizations of cell states. Given that existing methods disregard the structural information between cells and genes, we proposed a structure-preserved scRNA-seq data integration approach using heterogeneous graph neural network (scHetG). By establishing a heterogeneous graph that represents the interactions between multiple batches of cells and genes, and combining a heterogeneous graph neural network with contrastive learning, scHetG concurrently obtained cell and gene embeddings with structural information. A comprehensive assessment covering different species, tissues and scales indicated that scHetG is an efficacious method for eliminating batch effects while preserving the structural information of cells and genes, including batch-specific cell types and cell-type specific gene co-expression patterns.