bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Characteristics of the Humerus and Ulna in Limbs Bearing the Supratrochlear Aperture (STA)
Authors: Ndou Robert , Schepartz Lynne Alison 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe supratrochlear aperture (STA) is a perforation of the septum found between the olecranon and coronoid fossae of the humerus. Its prevalence is population specific and varies by sex. There is no consensus on the etiology of this feature despite decades of investigation. Two aspects of the mechanical theory, which states that the STA is formed when the ulnar olecranon and coronoid processes impinge upon the septum separating the olecranon and coronoid fossae, were investigated. First, osteometric measures of bone size were used to test the proposition that larger humeri are less prone to STA formation. We compared the dimensions of STA bearing humeri with those lacking STAs and investigated which skeletal features discriminate among South African populations. To specifically evaluate the mechanical theory that articulation with the olecranon and coronoid fossae may result in STA formation, dimensions of the olecranon and coronoid processes were compared. Our results verified that smaller individuals are prone to STA formation and that a significantly longer olecranon process is associated with the aperture. The olecranon process length and olecranon‐coronoid distance were the main contributors to STA presence. Variables that contributed the most towards discrimination among the South African populations were the olecranon fossa depth and right humeral head circumference. An inverse relationship between the olecranon process length and olecranon fossa depth was also associated with presence of the STA. Anat Rec, 299:220–233, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a sufficiently reactive thioalkylester involving the side‐chain thiol of cysteine applicable for kinetically controlled ligation
Authors: Tsuda Shugo , Mochizuki Masayoshi , Nishio Hideki , Yoshiya Taku , Nishiuchi Yuji 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTNα‐Trifluoroacetyl‐Cys‐Leu‐NH2 (TfaC‐Leu‐NH2) was incorporated into thioesters through its side‐chain thiol group to develop a more reactive peptide‐thioester than the commonly used peptide‐3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)‐thioester. The TfaC‐thioester could be readily synthesized by solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) with Boc chemistry using in situ neutralization protocols in sufficient yield without any side reaction associated with the use of TfaC. This thioester proved to display a much higher reactivity in the thiol‐free native chemical ligation (NCL) reaction than the MPA‐thioester and to be comparable to the thioarylester, such as the 4‐mercaptophenylacetic acid (MPAA)‐thioester, in terms of the ligation rate. We were able to demonstrate the usefulness of the TfaC‐thioester by using it to synthesize neuromedin S via a one‐pot sequential NCL approach followed by desulfurization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 503–511, 2016.
Role of vinculin in cellular mechanotransduction
Authors: Goldmann Wolfgang H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCell–matrix adhesion and cell–cell contacts are essential for the metabolism, protein synthesis, survival, and cancer metastasis of cells. Major transmembrane receptors are the integrins, which are responsible for cell–matrix adhesions, and the cadherins, which are important for cell–cell adhesions. Adherent cells anchor via focal adhesion proteins to the extracellular matrix, whereas cell–cell contacts connect via focal adherens junction proteins. The temporal formation of these connections is greatly strengthened either through externally applied stresses on the cell or by myosin‐driven cell contractility. The mechanism by which protein(s) within these connections sense, transmit, and respond to mechanochemical signaling is currently strongly debated and various candidates have been named. Vinculin has been described as one of the key players in cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesions that build a strong physical connection for transmitting forces between the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, and cell–cell connections.
Poor mobility independently predicts mortality in TAVI: Are we closer to a universal definition for frailty?
Authors: Chandrasekhar Jaya , Mehran Roxana 
Published: November 2015

Key Points

Frailty assessment aids appropriate patient selection for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). An uncumbersome and easy to use evaluation tool is needed to facilitate wider uptake among TAVI teams.
Mobility assessment by the euroSCORE definition can be utilized as a one‐point measure and may be indicative of short‐ and long‐term outcomes post TAVI.
Frailty is an evolving concept and further data are warranted, with validation across regions to determine a gold standard.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of N‐Substituted 2‐Hydroxypyrrolidine/Piperidine Derivatives Using Cerium Chloride as Catalyst.
Authors: Suresh M. , Khader K. K. Abdul , Chandrasekaran T. , Padusha M. Syed Ali 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe title derivatives are obtained by a highly efficient one‐pot domino reaction via C—N cross‐coupling reaction starting from various heterocyclic amines and dihydrofuran or dihydropyran.
Verteilungsgleichgewichte von Liganden in mizellaren Lösungsmittelsystemen
Authors: Schmidt Marcel , Pogrezba Tobias , Stehl Dmitrij , Sachse René , Schwarze Michael , von Klitzing Regine , Schomäcker Reinhard 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIm Rahmen des Sonderforschungsbereichs SFB/TRR 63 „InPROMPT”︁ (Integrierte chemische Prozesse in flüssigen Mehrphasensystemen) wird der Einsatz mizellarer Lösungsmittelsysteme als schaltbare mehrphasige Reaktionsmedien für die homogene Katalyse untersucht. In diesem Beitrag wird das Verteilungsgleichgewicht von vier repräsentativen Liganden in unterschiedlichen wässrig‐mizellaren Systemen analysiert und die Abhängigkeit ihrer Verteilung – und damit auch der eines homogen gelösten Katalysators – in den einzelnen Phasen dieser Mehrphasensysteme diskutiert. Die Kenntnis der Verteilungskoeffizienten ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für eine effiziente und quantitative Katalysatorrückführung in wässrig‐mizellaren Systemen.
Impaired cortical neurogenesis in plexin‐B1 and ‐B2 double deletion mutant
Authors: Daviaud Nicolas , Chen Karen , Huang Yong , Friedel Roland H. , Zou Hongyan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMammalian cortical expansion is tightly controlled by fine‐tuning of proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors in a region‐specific manner. How extrinsic cues interface with cell‐intrinsic programs to balance proliferative versus neurogenic decisions remains an unsolved question. We examined the function of Semaphorin receptors Plexin‐B1 and ‐B2 in corticogenesis by generating double mutants, whereby Plexin‐B2 was conditionally ablated in the developing brain in a Plexin‐B1 null mutant background. Absence of both Plexin‐Bs resulted in cortical thinning, particularly in the caudomedial cortex. Plexin‐B1/B2 double, but not single, mutants exhibited a reduced neural progenitor pool, attributable to decreased proliferation and an altered division mode favoring cell cycle exit. This resulted in deficient production of neurons throughout the neurogenic period, proportionally affecting all cortical laminae. Consistent with the in vivo data, cultured neural progenitors lacking both Plexin‐B1 and ‐B2 displayed decreased proliferative capacity and increased spontaneous differentiation. Our study therefore defines a novel function of Plexin‐B1 and ‐B2 in transmitting extrinsic signals to maintain proliferative and undifferentiated states of neural progenitors. As single mutants displayed no apparent cortical defects, we conclude that Plexin‐B1 and ‐B2 play redundant or compensatory roles during forebrain development to ensure proper neuronal production and neocortical expansion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 882–899, 2016
Lmo4 and Other LIM domain only factors are necessary and sufficient for multiple retinal cell type development
Authors: Jin Kangxin , Xiao Dongchang , Andersen Bogi , Xiang Mengqing 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the molecular basis by which distinct cell types are specified is a central issue in retinogenesis and retinal disease development. Here we examined the role of LIM domain only 4 (Lmo4) in retinal development using both gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function approaches. By immunostaining, Lmo4 was found to be expressed in mouse retina from E10.5 to mature stages. Retroviral delivery of Lmo4 into retinal progenitor cells could promote the amacrine, bipolar and Müller cell fates at the expense of photoreceptors. It also inhibited the fate of early‐born retinal ganglion cells. Using a dominant‐negative form of Lmo4 which suppresses transcriptional activities of all LIM domain only factors, we demonstrated that LIM domain only factors are both necessary and sufficient for promoting amacrine and bipolar cell development, but not for the differentiation of ganglion, horizontal, Müller, or photoreceptor cells. Taken together, our study uncovers multiple roles of Lmo4 during retinal development and demonstrates the importance of LIM domain only factors in ensuring proper retinal cell specification and differentiation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 900–915, 2016
Drought and shade deplete nonstructural carbohydrate reserves in seedlings of five temperate tree species
Authors: Maguire Andrea J. , Kobe Richard K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPlants that store nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) may rely on carbon reserves to survive carbon‐limiting stress, assuming that reserves can be mobilized. We asked whether carbon reserves decrease in resource stressed seedlings, and ifNSCallocation is related to species' relative stress tolerances. We tested the effects of stress (shade, drought, and defoliation) onNSCin seedlings of five temperate tree species (Acer rubrumMarsh.,Betula papyriferaMarsh.,Fraxinus americanaL.,Quercus rubraL., andQuercus velutinaLam.). In a greenhouse experiment, seedlings were subjected to combinations of shade, drought, and defoliation. We harvested seedlings over 32–97 days and measured biomass andNSCconcentrations in stems and roots to estimate depletion rates. For all species and treatments, except for defoliation, seedling growth andNSCaccumulation ceased. Shade and drought combined caused totalNSCdecreases in all species. For shade or drought alone, only some species experienced decreases. Starch followed similar patterns as totalNSC, but soluble sugars increased under drought for drought‐tolerant species. These results provide evidence that species deplete stored carbon in response to carbon limiting stress and that species differences inNSCresponse may be important for understanding carbon depletion as a buffer against shade‐ and drought‐induced mortality.
Portable Microfluidic System for Rapid Genetic Testing
Authors: NAGAI HIDENORI , FUCHIWAKI YUSUKE 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a key technology of genetic testing, but the long thermal cycling time has been a problem in achieving rapid diagnosis of pathogenic organisms and cancer. We describe a simple, portable, and rapid genetic testing system based on ultrafast segment flow and fluorescent detection. In particular, we improved the flow‐through PCR to accelerate the thermal cycling time and simplify the operation for practical use. The PCR solution was injected in a small volume of about several microliters by an air syringe, and flowed as segment flow. The segment of PCR solution was moved in a serpentine microchannel on a microfluidic device over two temperature zones for denaturation and annealing/extension reactions. The base plate formed upon the serpentine microchannel pattern was made of cyclo‐olefin polymer (COP) and covered with a thin transparent film. Furthermore, a specialized portable system was developed for the microfluidic device of a segment‐flow PCR. Heater units, a syringe pump, a fluorescence detector, and PC were integrated in a suitcase for portable use. Using this portable system, a microorganism modeling anthrax and a point mutation of FGFR3 gene were successfully detected within 6.5 min.
Self‐Align Fabrication of Narrow‐Gapped Dual AFM Tip Using Si Trench Refilling with SOG and Magnetostrictive Film Stacked Dual Cantilever Formation
Authors: KAWASHIMA KENTA , MINETA TAKASHI , MAKINO EIJI , KAWASHIMA TAKAHIRO , SHIBATA TAKAYUKI 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYThis paper reports on a novel self‐align fabrication process of narrow‐gapped dual AFM (atomic force microscope) tip. The dual AFM tip was fabricated on (100) orientated Si substrate by using narrow trench etching, trench refilling with SOG (spin‐on‐glass), CMP (chemical–mechanical polishing), and Si crystalline anisotropic etching. Through the process, a sharp dual AFM tip with a gap of 500 nm, which was defined only by the etched trench width, was successfully fabricated. Although another fabrication process using an acrylic‐nitrile‐styrene‐epoxy resin refilling was also attempted, a dual tip was not obtained due to the poor adhesion of the resin in the silicon etching process. In addition, a dual AFM cantilever (magnetostrictive film/Si 2.0 μm) was formed by MEMS fabrication. The fabricated FePd 0.4 μm/Si 2.0 μm and Ni 1.3 μm/Si 2.0 μm cantilever were individually deflected to 1.4 μm at 300 Gauss and 0.4 μm at 240 Gauss due to effects of magnetic flux and negative magnetostriction, respectively.
Comparison of One‐ and Zero‐Dimensional Reaction Models of Liquid‐Phase Radicals for Plasma Generated on Gas–Liquid Interface
Authors: TAKEUCHI NOZOMI 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYOne‐ and zero‐dimensional (0D) numerical models of plasma generated over a solution were established. Gas‐ and liquid‐phase reactions and mass transfer through a gas–liquid interface for OH radical, hydrogen peroxide, and HO2 radical were considered, and the decomposition of acetic acid in water was evaluated. In a 1D model with a small diffusion coefficient (10−9 m2/s) in liquid phase, the diffusion rate was the rate‐limiting factor of the decomposition of acetic acid. With such a small diffusion coefficient, the concentrations of OH radical and acetic acid in the 0D model showed large differences from those in the 1D model. When the time scale of diffusion in the liquid phase was shorter than that of the decomposition reaction between OH radical and acetic acid, reasonable results were obtained in the 0D model.
Determination of Adjacent Nodes for Power‐Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: KAMIMURA KOHEI , HAYASHI HITOSHI , HATAUCHI TAKAAKI 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a method for determination of adjacent nodes to facilitate the formation of power‐efficient wireless sensor networks that are robust to channel variations caused by movement in the surrounding communication environment. Whereas conventional methods determine adjacent nodes in wireless sensor networks using one ID packet, our proposed method uses several ID packets that are collected in link investigation cycles. This method improves the battery life of the overall network system and thereby facilitates highly‐reliable communication networks.
Characteristics of an Underwater Plasma Source with a Porous Glass Membrane
Authors: SHIOMITSU EIICHI , SAKODA TATSUYA 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYThe advanced oxidation process (AOP) with hydroxyl radicals (OH) is considered to be useful for water purification through oxidation; therefore, we proposed an underwater plasma source with a porous glass membrane which performed the functions of bubble supply and the formation of microdischarges. We observed bubble formation and light emission from discharges on the surface of the membrane using a high‐speed camera and a spectroscope, respectively. In addition, the dependence of gas pressure on the generation of OH radical and the decomposition of recalcitrant organic matter were examined. The obtained results showed that AOP may be more effective when the operating gas pressure is set higher than a pressure which could form bubbles.
A High‐Performance Supercapacitor with Well‐Dispersed Bi2O3 Nanospheres and Active‐Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Li Jiangfeng , Wu Qingsheng , Zan Guangtao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA simple and low‐cost method to fabricate Bi2O3/active‐carbon nanocomposites with high capacitive properties was explored. In particular, the composites synthesized at a bismuth nitrate/active carbon weight ratio of 2:1 exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 466 F g–1 at a current density of 1 A g–1 and retained up to 335 F g–1 even at a current density of 5 A g–1. In addition, these composites also showed good capacity over 3000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical properties could be due to their high specific surface area, abundant pore volume, and proper loading of Bi2O3 nanospheres.
Capsaicin 8% patch versus oral pregabalin in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Haanpää M. , Cruccu G. , Nurmikko T.J. , McBride W.T. , Docu Axelarad A. , Bosilkov A. , Chambers C. , Ernault E. , Abdulahad A.K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials have not yet compared the efficacy of capsaicin 8% patch with current standard therapy in peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP).ObjectivesHead‐to‐head efficacy and safety trial comparing the capsaicin patch with pregabalin in PNP.MethodsOpen‐label, randomized, multicentre, non‐inferiority trial. Patients with PNP, aged 18–80 years, were randomly assigned to either the capsaicin 8% patch (n = 282) or an optimised dose of oral pregabalin (n = 277), and assessed for a ≥30% mean decrease in Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score from baseline to Week 8. Secondary endpoints included optimal therapeutic effect (OTE), time‐to‐onset of pain relief and treatment satisfaction.ResultsThe capsaicin 8% patch was non‐inferior to pregabalin in achievement of a ≥30% mean decrease in NPRS score from baseline to Week 8 (55.7% vs. 54.5%, respectively; Odds ratio: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.72, 1.50]). The proportion of patients achieving OTE at Week 8 was 52.1% for the capsaicin 8% patch versus 44.8% for pregabalin (difference: 7.3%; 95% CI: −0.9%, 15.6%). The median time‐to‐onset of pain relief was significantly shorter for capsaicin 8% patch versus pregabalin (7.5 vs. 36.0 days; Hazard ratio: 1.68 [95% CI: 1.35, 2.08]; p < 0.0001). Treatment satisfaction was also significantly greater with the capsaicin 8% patch versus pregabalin. TEAEs were mild‐to‐moderate in severity, and resulted in treatment discontinuation only with pregabalin (n = 24). Systemic adverse drug reactions ranged from 0 to 1.1% with capsaicin 8% patch and 2.5 to 18.4% with pregabalin.ConclusionsThe capsaicin 8% patch provided non‐inferior pain relief to an optimized dose of pregabalin in PNP, with a faster onset of action, fewer systemic side effects and greater treatment satisfaction.
Hybrid RSS/AOA hypothesis test for NLOS/LOS base station discrimination and location error mitigation
Authors: Gazzah Leïla , Najjar Leïla , Besbes Hichem 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe address the problem of line of sight/no line of sight (LOS/NLOS) identification in a hybrid context where received signal strength and angle of arrival (RSS/AOA) measurements are combined. Two approaches are proposed, which aim to mitigate the range bias introduced by NLOS propagation. First, a hybrid hypothesis test (HHT) is proposed whose aim is to identify the most probable two Base Stations (BSs) to be LOS. The HHT considers an error function incorporating both RSS and AOA measurements. If the HHT succeeds in identifying two LOS BSs, then it directly proceeds to localisation. Otherwise, the HHT identifies, the two least probable BSs to be NLOS, over which a weighting approach will be applied. The weighting indeed serves to attenuate at a some degree, the NLOS propagation effect and then correct the location. In the first scenario, NLOS are completely discarded, whereas in the second one, their effect is attenuated, thus improving the location accuracy in both cases. Simulations results corroborate the expected performance enhancement. Fundamental performance limits for the localisation accuracy based on such hybrid measurements are evaluated through the corresponding Cramer–Rao lower bound. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of conventional milling on the nutritional value and antioxidant capacity of wheat types common in Ethiopia and a recovery attempt with bran supplementation in bread
Authors: Heshe Genet Gebremedhin , Haki Gulelat Desse , Woldegiorgis Ashagrie Zewdu , Gemede Habtamu Fekadu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe effect of wheat flour refined milling on nutritional and antioxidant quality of hard and soft grown in Ethiopia was evaluated. Bread was prepared with the supplementation of the white wheat flour with different levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 25%) of wheat bran. Whole (100% extraction) and white wheat (68% extraction) flours were analyzed for proximates, minerals, and antioxidants. Results indicated that at a low extraction rate (68%), the protein, fat, fiber, ash, iron, zinc, phosphorous, and antioxidant contents of the samples significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by milling. The TPC (total phenolic content) of the white wheat flours, which ranged from 3.34 to 3.49 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/g, was significantly (P < 0.005) lower than those of the whole wheat flours, whose TPC ranged from 7.66 to 8.20 GAE/g). At 50 mg/mL, the DPPH (2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) scavenging effect of the wheat extracts decreased in the order of soft whole, hard whole, soft white, and hard white wheat flour, which was 90.39, 89.89, 75.80, and 57.57%, respectively. Moreover, the proximate and mineral contents of the bran‐supplemented breads increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the bran level of the bread, and the highest values (protein, 12.0 g/100 g; fat, 2.6 g/100 g; fiber, 2.5 g/100 g; ash, 3.3 g/100 g; iron, 4.8 mg/100 g and zinc, 2.33 mg/100 g) were found in 25% bran supplemented bread. The sensory evaluation of bread showed that all the supplementation levels had a mean score above 4 for all preferences on a 7‐ point hedonic scale. The results indicated that refined milling at 68% extraction significantly reduces the nutritional and antioxidant activity of the wheat flours. Bread of good nutritional and sensory qualities can be produced from 10% and 20% bran supplementations.