bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation and comparison of the binding between tolvaptan and pepsin and trypsin: Multi‐spectroscopic approaches and molecular docking
Authors: Ma Xiangling , He Jiawei , Huang Yanmei , Xiao Ying , Wang Qing , Li Hui 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTolvaptan (TF), a selective arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2009. This study mainly investigated the differences between the binding of TF with pepsin and trypsin by using a series of spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. Thermodynamic parameters and molecular docking results suggested that the binding of TF to pepsin and trypsin were both spontaneous but driven by different forces. For pepsin, the binding was driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces; but for trypsin, it was driven by electrostatic forces and hydrophobic forces. The quenching mechanism between TF and pepsin and trypsin was investigated by fluorescence experiments and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Synchronous fluorescence and 3‐dimensional fluorescence were used to investigate the micro‐environmental and conformational changes of pepsin and trypsin after the insertion of TF. In addition, activity‐measurement results showed that both the pepsin and trypsin activities increased with increasing TF concentration, which may help to understand the possible effect of TF on the digestion and absorption of nutrients in vivo.
The Role of Transesterification in SnOct2‐Catalyzed Polymerizations of Lactides
Authors: Weidner Steffen M. , Kricheldorf Hans R. 
Published: December 2016

l‐lactide or meso‐lactide are polymerized either at 120 °C where the polymerization process of l‐lactide is accompanied by crystallization, or at 180 °C where poly(l‐lactide) remains in the molten state. Polymerizations at 120 °C initially yield even‐numbered chains (with respect to lactic acid units) having relatively low dispersity, but the fraction of odd‐numbered chains increases with time and the entire molecular weight distribution changes. Traces of cyclics are only formed after 7 d. Polymerizations at 180 °C yield equilibrium of even and odd‐numbered chains from the beginning, but at low monomer/initiator ratios and short reaction times (<4 h) cyclics are again not formed. They appear at longer reaction times and entail higher dispersities. The results are discussed in terms of five different transesterification mechanisms.
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Control of Chain Orientation in Blends of Polypropylene and Polybutene‐1
Authors: Sato Shumma , Maeda Takayuki , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: December 2016

An extruded sheet having unique molecular orientation is developed using a miscible blend of isotactic polypropylene (PP) and isotactic polybutene‐1 (PB). Blends containing a small amount of N,N′‐dicyclohexyl‐2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxamide are extruded from a ribbon‐shaped die onto a chill roll at various temperatures. It is found that form‐I crystals of PB become oriented in the flow direction, whereas β‐form crystals of PP become oriented perpendicular to the flow direction. The molecular orientation is the most obvious for the blend containing 60 wt% of PB extruded at a chill roll temperature of 80 °C. The anisotropy in the tensile modulus of the obtained extruded sheet is reduced by its extraordinary molecular orientation.
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Orthogonal spectral precoder for minimizing adjacent channel leakage ratio in OFDM based cognitive radio
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Tyagi Anshul 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOne of the major drawback of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based cognitive radio is high out‐of‐band leakage that can severely affect primary users operating in adjacent bands. The paper aims to design a new spectral precoding scheme that minimizes Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) while retaining the orthogonality among data symbols. The problem is formulated as trace ratio minimization subjected to unitary constraint that can be effectively solved using iterative methods. The proposed precoder's error performance is similar to uncoded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system due to orthogonal multiplexing. Also, it is practically realizable due to lower complexity. The scheme also extends for distinct ACLR requirements in upper and lower adjacent bands. A relative important factor is introduced so as to flexibly control the interference leakage in upper and lower adjacent channels. An algorithm is suggested for choosing suitable values of this factor. Simulation results display the superiority of proposed scheme over existing techniques in terms of ACLR and throughput. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐ICE plasmids for generating N‐terminal 3 × FLAG tagged genes that allow inducible, constitutive or endogenous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhang Yueping , Serratore Nina D. , Briggs Scott D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPCR‐mediated homologous recombination is a powerful approach to introduce epitope tags into the chromosomal loci at the N‐terminus or the C‐terminus of targeted genes. Although strategies of C‐terminal epitope tagging of target genes at their loci are simple and widely used in yeast, C‐terminal epitope tagging is not practical for all proteins. For example, a C‐terminal tag may affect protein function or a protein may get cleaved or processed, resulting in the loss of the epitope tag. Therefore, N‐terminal epitope tagging may be necessary to resolve these problems. In some cases, an epitope tagging strategy is used to introduce a heterologous promoter with the epitope tag at the N‐terminus of a gene of interest. The potential issue with this strategy is that the tagged gene is not expressed at the endogenous level. Another strategy after integration is to excise the selection marker, using the Cre‐LoxP system, leaving the epitope tagged gene expressed from the endogenous promoter. However, N‐terminal epitope tagging of essential genes using this strategy requires a diploid strain followed by tetrad dissection. Here we present 14 new plasmids for N‐terminal tagging, which combines two previous strategies for epitope tagging in a haploid strain. These ‘N‐ICE’ plasmids were constructed so that non‐essential and essential genes can be N‐terminally 3 × FLAG tagged and expressed from an inducible promoter (GAL1), constitutive promoters (CYC1 or PYK1) or the endogenous promoter. We have validated the N‐ICE plasmid system by N‐terminal tagging two non‐essential genes (SET1 and SET2) and two essential genes (ERG11 and PKC1). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Cancer Genetics Disparities among Latinos
Authors: Cruz‐Correa Marcia , Pérez‐Mayoral Julyann , Dutil Julie , Echenique Miguel , Mosquera Rafael , Rivera‐Román Keila , Umpierre Sharee , Rodriguez‐Quilichini Segundo , Gonzalez‐Pons Maria , Olivera Myrta I. , Pardo Sherly ,   on behalf of the Puerto Rico Clinical Cancer Genetics Consortia
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe three major hereditary cancer syndromes in Latinos (Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Lynch Syndrome) have been shown to exhibit geographic disparities by country of origin suggesting admixture‐based disparities. A solid infrastructure of clinical genetics geared towards diagnosis and prevention could aid in reducing the mortality of these cancer syndromes in Latinos. Currently, clinical cancer genetic services in Latin America are scarce. Moreover, limited studies have investigated the mutational spectrum of these cancer syndromes in Latinos resulting in gaps in personalized medicine affecting diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The following commentary discusses available genotype and clinical information on hereditary cancer in Latinos and highlights the limited access for cancer genetic services in Latin America including barriers to genetic testing and alternatives for providing better access to genetic services. In this review, we discuss the status of clinical genetic cancer services for both US Latinos and those Latinos living in Latin America.
No difference in postoperative outcome after acute surgery whether the patients presented for first time or are known with Crohn’s disease
Authors: El-Hussuna Alaa , Hadi Sabah , Iesalnieks Igors 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Purposes
Acute operations (within 48 h) or urgent (within 2–7 days) carry the risk of unfavorable outcome as the patient is not optimized, the operation is performed by trainees and the disease is severe necessitating acute/urgent intervention. However, Crohn’s disease (CD) patients who present as acute disease may have more favorable outcome because they did not receive medications, surgery is performed early and the disease is promptly controlled.

Aim
To investigate whether CD patients presented first time have more favorable outcome compared to those who are known with CD.

Method
Retrospective multi-center study. Rate of complications, duration of hospitalization and rate of re-admission were used as a measure of postoperative outcome. Univariate and multi-variate analyses were used.

Results
Sixty-one patients in whom acute CD was first presentation (group 1) did not have more favorable outcome compared to 167 patients known to have CD (group 2) and presented acute. Mean duration of hospitalization was 8.7 days in group 1 compared to 9.4 days in group 2. Complications occurred in 12/61 patients (19.7%) in group 1 compared to 39/167 patients (23.4%) in group 2: odds ratio 1 .113, CI [0.611–2.024]. No difference in intra-abdominal septic complications rate was found between the two groups: odds ratio 0.932, CI [0.369–2.355]. Re-admission was seen in six patients (9.8%) in group 1 vs. 23 (13.8%) in Group 2: odds ratio 1.464, CI [0.566–3.788].

Conclusion
Patients undergoing acute surgery for the first CD presentation did not have more favorable outcome compared to those undergoing acute intestinal resection for known CD.

Highlights
On non-Western norm shapers: Brazil and the Responsibility while Protecting
Authors: Stefan Cristina G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDrawing on a notable example of a non-Western normative initiative, Brazil’s ‘Responsibility while Protecting’ (RwP), this article contributes to broadening the scope of the norm dynamics literature beyond its common Western-centric focus. Post-2011 Libya intervention, Brazil proposed RwP to clarify what ‘using force’ means under the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) banner, but then withdrew from visible norm sponsorship, only to return to this as part of a collective exercise to institutionalise R2P at the United Nations. First, the article highlights the significant role of non-Western agents whose contributions usually go overlooked, yet carry the highest potential to address the legitimacy deficit of norms like R2P. Second, the article proposes adding a new conceptual tool when investigating the role of agency in norm dynamics, one that incorporates a wider range of norm ‘shaping’ processes and highlights enabling, contingent circumstances. The latter, is argued, best captures the anomalies in contemporary norm contestation. This is illustrated through an empirical analysis of the conditions under which Brazil was able to advance RwP, despite the subsequent emergence of unfavourable circumstances. This article emphasises how significant an alignment of enabling circumstances is to non-Western agents in terms of shaping norm contestation and normative exercise completion.
A dual inhibitor of FAAH and TRPV1 channels shows dose-dependent effect on depression-like behaviour in rats
Authors: Kirkedal Christian , Wegener Gregers , Moreira Fabricio , Joca Sâmia Regiane Lourenco , Liebenberg Nico 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveThe cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) are proposed to mediate opposite behavioural responses. Their common denominator is the endocannabinoid ligand anandamide (AEA), which is believed to mediate antidepressant-like effect via CB1-R stimulation and depressive-like effect via TRPV1 activation. This is supposed to explain the bell-shaped dose-response curve for anandamide in preclinical models.MethodsWe investigated this assumption by administering the dual inhibitor of AEA hydrolysis and TRPV1 activationN-arachidonoyl-serotonin (AA-5HT) into the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. AA-5HT was given in three different doses (0.125, 0.250, 0.500 nmol/0.4 µl/side) and rat behaviour was assessed in the forced swim test.ResultsOur results show significant antidepressant-like effect of AA-5HT (0.250 nmol) but no effects of low or high doses. The effect of 0.250 nmol AA-5HT was partially attenuated when coadministering the inverse CB1-agonist rimonabant (1.6 µg).ConclusionA 0.250 nmol of AA-5HT administration into the medial prefrontal cortex induced a significant antidepressant-like effect that was partially attenuated by locally blocking CB1-receptor.
The Parsec-Scale Morphology of Southern GPS Sources
Authors: Edwards P. G. , Tingay S. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMulti-frequency, multi-epoch ATCA observations of a sample of AGN resulted in the identification of nine new candidate Giga-hertz Peaked Spectrum sources. Here, we present Long Baseline Array observations at 4.8 GHz of the four candidates with no previously published VLBI image, and consider these together with previously published VLBI images of the other five sources. We find core-jet or compact double morphologies dominate, with further observations required to distinguish between these two possibilities for some sources. One of the nine candidates, PKS 1831–711, displays appreciable variability, suggesting its GPS spectrum is more ephemeral in nature. We focus in particular on the apparent relationship between a narrow spectral width and ‘compact double’ parsec-scale morphology, finding further examples, but also exceptions to this trend. An examination of the VLBI morphologies high-redshift (z > 3) sub-class of GPS sources suggests that core-jet morphologies predominate in this class.
Middle Devonian trilobites of the Saoura Valley, Algeria: insights into their biodiversity and Moroccan affinities
Authors: CRÔNIER CATHERINE , ABBACHE ABDELKADER , KHALDI AHMED YACINE , OUDOT MORGANE , MAILLET SÉBASTIEN , OUALI MEHADJI ABDELKADER 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTrilobites are important elements of the Devonian macrobenthos; some of them were collected in the Chefar el Ahmar Formation, from two sections located near Béni Abbès in the Saoura Valley (Ougarta Basin, Saharan Algeria). This formation is characterized by alternations of claystones and limestones, and it is considered to be late Emsian to early Frasnian in age. Only the lower part of this formation has yielded trilobites so far; their presence has been known for a long time. Phacopines clearly dominate the trilobite assemblages, withAusterops,Barrandeops,ChotecopsandPhacops s.l.as the main genera. Two new species are described (Austerops salamandaroidessp. nov. andPhacops ouarouroutensissp. nov.), while some other taxa are presented in open nomenclature. Comparisons are made with closely allied species. These new trilobite occurrences have been analysed in terms of their intra- and interspecific variability and biodiversity. The occurrence ofStruveaspis maroccanica, previously known from the Saoura Valley, provides an early Eifelian age, which is also confirmed by the presence of trilobitesThysanopeltisandKoneprusites, and ostracodsBairdiocypris devonicaandBufina ?subovalis.
The Shackleton Range (East Antarctica): an alien block at the rim of Gondwana?
Authors: KROHNE NICOLE , LISKER FRANK , KLEINSCHMIDT GEORG , KLÜGEL ANDREAS , LÄUFER ANDREAS , ESTRADA SOLVEIG , SPIEGEL CORNELIA 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Shackleton Range is a truncated Pan-African Orogen situated at the Weddell Sea margin of East Antarctica. It almost exclusively consists of basement rocks exposed at an elevated, escarpment-bound palaeosurface and is covered locally by patchy remnants of Ordovician, Permian and, controversially, Jurassic terrestrial deposits. This inventory does not match the geological record of any other place in Antarctica. Here we reconstruct the Phanerozoic evolution of the Shackleton Range by means of a multi-disciplinary approach combining petrological, geochemical and geochronological data with thermal history models of zircon and apatite fission track (ZFT, AFT) and (U–Th–Sm)/He (AHe) data. Petrographic, geochemical and 40Ar/39Ar analyses of a sedimentary cover sequence identify volcaniclastic rocks related to the Ferrar/Karoo magmatic event. Thermal history modelling of ZFT ages of 160–215 Ma, AFT ages of 124–225 Ma, AHe ages of 95–169 Ma and kinematic proxies in combination with geological information indicates a complex thermal history comprising at least three cooling episodes interrupted by reheating pulses. Thermal history refers to inversion of part of the Carboniferous–Triassic Transantarctic Basin prior to the 180 Ma Ferrar/Karoo Event and formation of an up to 3.4 km deep extensional Jurassic – Early Cretaceous basin due to Weddell Sea rifting. Basin depth was diminished by regional middle Cretaceous stress field changes. Final basin inversion and surface uplift were likely triggered by far-field tectonics and climatic influence. This history represents a typical example for the transition from an active to passive margin setting along the outer rim of Gondwana.
Effectiveness of endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy in adults with neurological disease: systematic review
Authors: Gilheaney Ó , Kerr P , Béchet S , Walshe M 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjective:To determine the effectiveness of endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy on upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction in adults with upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction and neurological disease.Data sources:Published and unpublished studies with a quasi-experimental design investigating endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy effects on upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction in humans were considered eligible. Electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists of included studies were systematically searched.Review methods:Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed independently using the PEDro scale and MINORS tool.Results:Of 2938 records identified, 2 studies were eligible. Risk of bias assessment indicated areas of methodological concern in the literature. Statistical analysis was not possible because of the limited number of eligible studies.Conclusion:No determinations could be made regarding endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy effectiveness in the cohort of interest. Reliable and valid evidence on the following is required to support increasing clinical usage of endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy: optimal candidacy selection; standardised post-operative management protocol; complications; and endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy effects on aspiration of food and laryngeal penetration, mean upper oesophageal sphincter resting pressure and quality of life.
One hundred years ago: the physician magician Blakesley presented his ethmoid forceps
Authors: Mudry A , Lübbers W , Pirsig W 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground:The Blakesley fenestrated ethmoid forceps, eponymously named after Theodore Seward Blakesley, belong today in every set of endonasal surgical instruments. This study aimed to go back to Blakesley's original description, and to follow its introduction, variations and acceptation by rhinosurgeons.Method:Historical review of literature.Results:In 1915, Blakesley described two nasal instruments: a submucous septum resection instrument and an ethmoid instrument. The history of the ethmoid instrument is in close relationship to another quite similar one described by Moriz Weil. The difference between the Weil and the Blakesley ethmoid forceps lies essentially in the base of the cutting jaws, which are narrower in Weil's instrument.Conclusion:Blakesley's eponym must only be used for the instrument without the narrower base of the cutting jaws.
The effect of a state income tax on migration: the example of Connecticut
Authors: Afonso Whitney B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractState-level income tax policy is a hotly debated topic in both academic and political spheres. Although economic theory and some empirical analyses suggest that larger income tax burdens affect migration decisions, there is also a good deal of empirical evidence showing that tax policy has little to no effect. This lack of consensus in the academic literature is echoed in the political world, where many states are debating whether to eliminate income taxes or reduce rates as a means of spurring economic growth. Connecticut’s adoption of an income tax policy in 1991 provides a unique opportunity to analyse the impact of a sizable income tax policy change on migration. The results suggest that Connecticut’s income tax deterred movement into the state but had no impact on exit from the state, resulting in a net loss in migration.
High prevalence of fosfomycin resistance genefosA3inblaCTX-M-harbouringEscherichia colifrom urine in a Chinese tertiary hospital during 2010–2014
Authors: CAO X.-L. , SHEN H. , XU Y.-Y. , XU X.-J. , ZHANG Z.-F. , CHENG L. , CHEN J.-H. , ARAKAWA Y. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYFosfomycin has become a therapeutic option in urinary tract infections. We identified 57 fosfomycin-resistantEscherichia colifrom 465 urine-derived extended-spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates from a Chinese hospital during 2010–2014. Of the 57 fosfomycin-resistant isolates, 51 (89·5%) carriedfosA3, and one carriedfosA1. Divergent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles and multi-locus sequence typing results revealed high clonal diversity in thefosA3-positive isolates. Conjugation experiments showed that thefosA3genes from 50 isolates were transferable, with IncFII or IncI1 being the most prevalent types of plasmids. The high prevalence offosA3was closely associated with that ofblaCTX-M. Horizontal transfer, rather than clonal expansion, might play a central role in dissemination. Such strains may constitute an important reservoir offosA3andblaCTX-M, which may well be readily disseminated to other potential human pathogens. Since most ESBL-producingE. colihave acquired resistance to fluoroquinolones worldwide, further spread offosA3in suchE. coliisolates should be monitored closely.
Correctness of compiling polymorphism to dynamic typing
Authors: HOU (Favonia) KUEN-BANG , BENTON NICK , HARPER ROBERT 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe connection between polymorphic and dynamic typing was originally considered
by Curry et al. (1972, Combinatory Logic, vol.
ii) in the form of “polymorphic type assignment” for untyped
λ-terms. Types are assigned after the fact to what is, in modern
terminology, a dynamic language. Interest in type assignment was revitalized by
the proposals of Bracha et al. (1998, OOPSLA) and Bank
et al. (1997, POPL) to enrich Java with polymorphism
(generics), which in turn sparked the development of other languages, such as
Scala, with similar combinations of features. In such a setting, where the
target language already has a monomorphic type system, it is desirable to
compile polymorphism to dynamic typing in such a way that as much static typing
as possible is preserved, relying on dynamics only insofar as genericity is
actually required. The basic approach is to compile polymorphism using
embeddings from each type into a universal “top” type, ${\mathbb{D}}$, and partial projections that go in the
other direction. This scheme is intuitively reasonable, and, indeed, has been
used in practice many times. Proving its correctness, however, is non-trivial.
This paper studies the compilation of System F to an
extension of Moggi's computational meta-language with a dynamic type and shows
how the compilation may be proved correct using a logical relation.