bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misconceptions, Misuses, and Misinterpretations of P Values and Significance Testing
Authors: Gagnier Joel J. , Morgenstern Hal 
Published: September 2017

Update
This article was updated on October 13, 2017, because of a previous error. On page 1602, in the section titled “Principle 5: ‘A P-Value, or Statistical Significance, Does Not Measure the Size of an Effect or the Importance of a Result,’” the sentence that had read “For example, a mean difference of 20 points on the 100-point SF-36 PCS between treatment groups may yield a small p value and a narrow confidence interval if the sample size is very large” now reads “For example, a mean difference of 2 points on the 100-point SF-36 PCS between treatment groups may yield a small p value and a narrow confidence interval if the sample size is very large.”
An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 Nov 15;99(22):e125.

Abstract:
The interpretation and reporting of p values and significance testing in biomedical research are fraught with misconceptions and inaccuracies. Publications of peer-reviewed research in orthopaedics are not immune to such problems. The American Statistical Association (ASA) recently published an official statement on the use, misuse, and misinterpretation of statistical testing and p values in applied research. The ASA statement discussed 6 principles: (1) “P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.” (2) “P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.” (3) “Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.” (4) “Proper inference requires full reporting and transparency.” (5) “A p-value, or statistical significance, does not measure the size of an effect or the importance of a result.” (6) “By itself, a p-value does not provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis.” The purpose of this article was to discuss these principles. We make several recommendations for moving forward: (1) Authors should avoid statements such as “statistically significant” or “statistically nonsignificant.” (2) Investigators should report the magnitude of effect of all outcomes together with the appropriate measure of precision or variation. (3) Orthopaedic residents and surgeons must be educated in biostatistics, the ASA principles, and clinical epidemiology. (4) Journal editors and reviewers need to be familiar with and enforce the ASA principles.
Determining the Effect of Drying Time on Phosphorus Solubilization from Three Agricultural Soils under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Forber K. J. , Ockenden M. C. , Wearing C. , Hollaway M. J. , Falloon P. D. , Kahana R. , Villamizar M. L. , Zhou J. G. , Withers P. J. A. , Beven K. J. , Collins A. L. , Evans R. , Hiscock K. M. , Macleod C. J. A. , Haygarth P. M. 
Published: September 2017

Climate projections for the future indicate that the United Kingdom will experience hotter, drier summers and warmer, wetter winters, bringing longer dry periods followed by rewetting. This will result in changes in phosphorus (P) mobilization patterns that will influence the transfer of P from land to water. We tested the hypothesis that changes in the future patterns of drying–rewetting will affect the amount of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) solubilized from soil. Estimations of dry period characteristics (duration and temperature) under current and predicted climate were determined using data from the UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) Weather Generator tool. Three soils (sieved <2 mm), collected from two regions of the United Kingdom with different soils and farm systems, were dried at 25°C for periods of 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, and 90 d, then subsequently rewetted (50 mL over 2 h). The solubilized leachate was collected and analyzed for SRP. In the 2050s, warm period temperature extremes >25°C are predicted in some places and dry periods of 30 to 90 d extremes are predicted. Combining the frequency of projected dry periods with the SRP concentration in leachate suggests that this may result overall in increased mobilization of P; however, critical breakpoints of 6.9 to 14.5 d dry occur wherein up to 28% more SRP can be solubilized following a rapid rewetting event. The precise cause of this increase could not be identified and warrants further investigation as the process is not currently included in P transfer models.Core Ideas
UK Climate Projections predict long dry hot periods followed by intense rainfall.
Frequency of longer dry periods increase under climate change.
Critical breakpoints of 7–15 dry days have been identified that solubilize more P from soil.
Increased dry period frequency will result in an overall increase in SRP concentration solubilized.
Weighing Lysimeter Data Confirm the Accuracy and Precision of the Heat‐Pulse Technique for Measuring Daily Soil Evaporation
Authors: Wang Yueyue , Ochsner Tyson , Heitman Joshua , Horton Robert , Xue Xuzhang , Ren Tusheng 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Multi‐needle heat‐pulse probes are applied for measuring daily evaporation rate.
Measurement accuracy and precision are confirmed with weighing lysimeter data.
The probes provide a new way to monitor daily evaporation rate continuously.
The heat‐pulse technique, which is based on the sensible heat balance, has been developed for measuring soil‐water evaporation (E). The accuracy and precision of the technique has been previously tested with the Bowen ratio method and micro‐lysimeters, which are themselves subject to considerable uncertainties. This study evaluated the accuracy and precision of the heat‐pulse technique using direct, continuous, and nondestructive E measurements from a weighing lysimeter. Multi‐needle heat‐pulse probes were installed in a silt loam soil at four locations in a 22.5‐m3 (3‐m × 3‐m × 2.5‐m) weighing lysimeter to measure soil thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and temperature gradients in the 0‐ to 5‐cm layer. Daily E rates were estimated with sensible heat balance theory. Independent daily E rates obtained directly from a weighing lysimeter were used to evaluate the accuracy of heat‐pulse E estimates during a 10‐d drying period. Potential daily evaporation (E0) was also computed using the Penman–Monteith equation. The E/E0 ratio was >0.9 for the first 4 d but fell sharply thereafter and approached a stable value of 0.4. There was a linear relationship between heat‐pulse values and weighing lysimeter values, with a slope of 0.95 and an offset of 0.09 mm d−1. The absolute error of the heat‐pulse E ranged from −0.02 to 0.29 mm d−1 (or −1 to 8% of the true value), and the RMSE was 0.15 mm d−1. The SD of the heat‐pulse E data ranged from 0.07 to 0.51 mm d−1, and the coefficients of variation ranged from 3 to 14%. We concluded that the heat‐pulse technique can provide daily E measurements with good accuracy and precision.
Rapid Detection of AGs using Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis Contactless Conductivity Detection
Authors: Zhu Gangzhi , Bao Chunjie , Liu Wenfang , Yan Xingxing , Liu Lili , Xiao Jian , Chen Chuanpin 
Published: September 2017

Background:
In order to realize current aminoglycosides supervision in food and environment,
our team improved the sensitivity and separation efficiency of the portable ITO detector, based on
the technology of microchip capillary electrophoresis and contactless conductivity detection.

Experiment:
Parameters (the separation voltage, buffer concentration, electrodes gap, elicitation frequency,
elicitation voltage) were optimized for the detection of three aminoglycosides, gentamicin,
kanamycin and streptomycin and the separation of their mixture in background electrolyte consists of
2-(N-Morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and L-Histidine (His). The enhanced method was also
applied to other types of aminoglycosides.

Results:

Under optimal conditions, the monitoring of three types of aminoglycosides obtained such a
sensitive response that the limits of detection of gentamicin sulfate, kanamycin sulfate and streptomycin
sulfate were calculated as 3.1 µg/ml, 0.89 µg/ml and 0.96 µg/ml, at signal-to-noise ratio 3, respectively.
In addition they got separated completely from each other only in 40 s. The results of other varieties of
aminoglycosides including tobramycin sulfate and amikacin sulfate also met the standard.

Conclusion:
We successfully proposed here an unprecedentedly portable, miniaturized and rapid
microchip capillary electrophoresis contactless conductivity detection system to realize current
aminoglycosides supervision in food and environment.
The Role of Physical Activity on Mood State and Functional Skills of Elderly Women
Authors: Monteiro-Junior Renato Sobral , Rodrigues Vinicius Dias , Campos Carlos , Paes Flávia , Murillo-Rodriguez Eric , Maranhão-Neto Geraldo A. , Machado Sergio 
Published: September 2017

Introduction:
Ageing is associated with several physical, psychological and behavioral changes. These changes are closely related with global health and functional capacity in the elderly. Mood disturbances are common among the elderly and may significantly increase apathy, resulting in decreased habitual physical activity levels.

Materials and Methods:
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the mood state and functional motor capacities of elderly women engaged in a public physical activity program in Brazil and compare them with physically inactive elderly. Thirty elderly women were included in the study and categorized into two groups: physically active group, composed of participants enrolled on a public physical activity program (n = 16, 69±5 years) and physically inactive group (n = 14, 68±4 years). Total mood disturbance was assessed using the Profile of Mood States, whereas functional motor capacity was evaluated with the Sitting and Rising test. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney U] were used to compare groups.

Results:
The physically active group had lower total mood disturbance (p=0.02), confusion (p<0.01), tension (p<0.01), hostility (p=0.05) and fatigue (p=0.01) compared to the physically inactive group. There were no group differences regarding vigor, depression and sitting and rising performance (p>0.05).

Conclusion:
Lack of difference in functional motor capacity between the physically active and inactive elderly may be explained by the absence of exercise systematization in these programs.
Information Security Risk Assessment in Hospitals
Authors: Ayatollahi Haleh , Shagerdi Ghazal 
Published: September 2017

Background:
To date, many efforts have been made to classify information security threats, especially in the healthcare area. However, there are still many unknown risks which may threat the security of health information and their resources especially in the hospitals.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the risks threatening information security in the hospitals located in one of the northwest cities of Iran.

Method:
This study was completed in 2014. The participants were information technology managers who worked in the hospitals (n=27). The research instrument was a questionnaire composed of a number of open and closed questions. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed, and the reliability of the closed questions was measured by using the test-retest method (r =0.78).

Results:
The results showed that among the information security risks, fire found to be a high probability/high impact risk factor. Human and physical/environmental threats were among the low probability risk factors. Regarding the information security safeguards used in the hospitals, the results showed that the use of the technical safeguards was the most frequent one (n =22, 91.7%) compared to the administrative (n =21, 87.5%) and the physical safeguards (n =16, 66.7%).

Conclusion:
The high probability risk factors require quick corrective actions to be taken. Therefore, the underlying causes of such threats should be identified and controlled before experiencing adverse effects. It is also important to note that information security in health care systems needs to be considered at a macro level with respect to the national interests and policies.
A Mouse Model of Chronic Pancreatitis Induced by an Alcohol and High Fat Diet
Authors: Clinkinbeard T. , Kline R.H. , Zhang L.P. , McIlwrath S.L. , Watkins J.F. , Westlund K.N. 
Published: September 2017

Background/Aims:
Study of acute pancreatitis in chemically-induced rodent models has provided useful data; models of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis have not been available in mice. The aim of the present study was to characterize a mouse model of chronic pancreatitis induced solely with an alcohol and high fat (AHF) diet.

Methods:
Mice were fed a liquid high fat diet containing 6% alcohol as well as a high fat supplement (57% total dietary fat) over a period of five months or as control, normal chow ad libitum. Pain related measures utilized as an index of pain included mechanical sensitivity of the hind paws determined using von Frey filaments and a smooth/rough textured plate. A modified hotplate test contributed information about higher order behavioral responses to visceral hypersensitivity. Mice underwent mechanical and thermal testing both with and without pharmacological treatment with a peripherally restricted μ-opioid receptor agonist, loperamide.

Results:
Mice on the AHF diet exhibited mechanical and heat hypersensitivity as well as fibrotic histology indicative of chronic pancreatitis. Low dose, peripherally restricted opiate loperamide attenuated both mechanical and heat hypersensitivity.

Conclusion:
Mice fed an alcohol and high fat diet develop histology consistent with chronic pancreatitis as well as opioid sensitive mechanical and heat hypersensitivity.
Obtención de Pigmentos Inorgánicos para la Industria Cerámica por Síntesis Alternativa de Combustión en Solución
Authors: Chavarriaga Miranda Edgar Andrés , Restrepo Baena Oscar Jaime 
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se presenta el proceso alternativo de obtención del pigmento inorgánico con estructura espinela CuCr2O4, por medio del método de síntesis conocido como combustión en solución, el cual consiste en una reacción de oxido reducción entre un combustible y un agente oxidante, también se obtuvo la estructura CuCr2O4 por el método de reacción de estado sólido, el cual emplea una temperatura de 1000 ºC y un tiempo de proceso de 24 h, en este caso también se presenta impurezas de Cr2O3. La estructura cristalina de los polvos sintetizados, se caracterizó por la técnica de difracción de rayos X (DRX). La morfología de los polvos se determinó por microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Finalmente, la espectrofotometría visible y la colorimetría CIE La*b* demostraron que los polvos son negros. Se concluye, que la obtención de CuCr2O4 por combustión en solución es energéticamente más eficiente que el método tradicional, ya que en el primer caso se emplearon como condiciones de proceso, una temperatura de 700 ºC y un tiempo de 6h, lo cual mostró que la ruta de combustión en solución es una tecnología alternativa a la utilizada actualmente por la industria de pigmentos inorgánicos.
Deconvolution of design parameters from elasto-plastic energy data acquired by nanoindentation in ceramic coatings
Authors: Castrillón Trujillo Juan Carlos , Meza Meza Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2017

The elasto-plastic energies and the RID parameter (Relative Indentation Depth b=hmax/t), defined as the ratio between the maximum indentation depth and the coating thickness, were used to evaluate the ability of the ceramic coated systems to withstand load. The study was conducted on M2 and 304L steels coated with titanium nitride by PAPVD. Both substrates were coated with TiN of about 2,0 and 3,0 µm thickness. The hardness vs. (b) and the ratio of plastic to total energy (Wp/Wt) vs. (b) graphs were analyzed. There were found correlations between the indentation depths at which the transition from mechanical response due to the coating to the mechanical response of substrate-coating and to substrate dominated behavior and the depths at which the efficiency of using the coating falls 33% and 50 %. Results show that it is possible to get useful information from the energy taken from the mechanical response of the coated systems to avoid the Oliver and Pharr method for measuring the hardness and elastic modulus.
Estrategias de Producción Más Limpia para el Adecuado Manejo y Reducción en el Origen de Residuos Peligrosos: Caso de Estudio Industrias Litográficas y Tintorerías
Authors: Cubillos Vargas Janneth Astrid , González Moreno Yenire Alejandra , Ruiz Sánchez Adriana Marcela , Vélez Riaño María Eugenia , Paredes Cuervo Diego 
Published: September 2017

En el sector industrial cada día, existe una creciente necesidad de reconocer el tipo y cantidad de residuos sólidos y particularmente los residuos sólidos peligrosos–RESPEL que se generan, así como los impactos negativos que el mal manejo de éstos puede originar, con el fin de producir herramientas para la formulación de estrategias de manejo apropiado de la salud pública, protección ambiental y las normas actuales del país. El presente artículo sustenta la evaluación de los subsectores de litografías y tintorerías, que representan un impacto en la generación y manejo de residuos con características potencialmente peligrosas en los municipios de Pereira y Dosquebradas.
Propuesta para la creación de un fondo de capital de riesgo para la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia sede Sogamoso
Authors: Báez Mancera Luis Germán 
Published: September 2017

En el presente artículo se abordan los resultados del estudio de investigación de mercados como avance del proyecto de investigación para la creación de un fondo de capital de riesgo para la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia sede Sogamoso. Realizado por el grupo de investigación management adscrito al programa de administración de empresas. Que permita apalancar los spin-off universitarios y proyectos de investigación de base tecnológica e innovadores que se originen en los proyectos de investigación realizados por docentes, estudiantes y egresados de la sede.
UNA BELLA RELACIÓN ENTRE LA CONJETURA DE GOLBACH Y EL TEOREMA DE DIRICHLET
Authors: González Pineda Campo Elias 
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se muestra el proceso que se llevó a cabo la encontrar una importante relación entre la Conjetura de Goldbach y el teorema de Dirichlet. Quizá podría suprimirse la primer parte de artículo, pero no se hizo con el fin de mostrar el proceso histórico que se recorrió para llegar al resultado. Se espera que los resultados presentados muestren en realidad el esfuerzo hecho para lograr una prueba que duró muchos años en lograrse.
Diseño de un tanque de almacenamiento de agua caliente sanitaria, utilizando materiales de bajo costo.
Authors: Mantilla lopez Juan Alberto , Casallas Mario Alexander 
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se presenta el proceso de diseño y construcción de un tanque de almacenamiento de agua caliente sanitaria (ACS) para consumo doméstico. Además, se describe el análisis matemático, la selección de materiales tanto para el aislamiento como para el cuerpo del tanque, la simulación del comportamiento hidrostático, el proceso de construcción con base en la norma Asme sección VIII y las pruebas de funcionamiento del mismo. Este trabajo hace parte de un proyecto de investigación orientado al diseño y construcción de calentadores solares a partir de materiales reutilizables, realizado por el semillero de investigación SEA, perteneciente al grupo de investigación en energías alternativas Gieaud, de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. El calentador solar y el tanque se encuentran montados en la terraza del gimnasio ubicado en la Facultad Tecnológica y se le realizaron pruebas para evaluar la eficiencia en la conservación de la temperatura y actualmente se continúa con pruebas adicionales que permitan observar mejor el desempeño del tanque.
Caracterización nutricional de filetes de bagre yaque (Leiarius marmoratus) procedentes de extracción natural y cultivo
Authors: Cruz-Casallas Nubia E. , Medina-Robles Víctor M. , Cruz-Casallas Pablo E. , Suárez-Mahecha Héctor 
Published: September 2017

Título en ingles: Nutritional characterisation of filetes of bagre yaque (Leiarius marmoratus) pertinent of natural extraction and cropTítulo en portugués: Caracterização nutricional de filetes de bagre yaque (Leiarius marmoratus) procedente de extração natural e cultivoResumen: La introducción de especies nativas a los sistemas acuícolas requiere del conocimiento de su valor nutricional bajo las condiciones particulares de manejo utilizadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la composición proximal y el perfil de ácidos grasos de filetes de bagre Yaque (Leiarius marmoratus) procedentes de extracción natural (EN) y de cultivo, almacenados durante 120 días bajo condiciones de congelación (-18°C). Los filetes de EN presentaron alto contenido de proteína (19,8±0,2%) y de lípidos (4,6±0,3%); de igual forma, presentaron 47,0±0,3% de ácidos grasos saturados (SFA), 46,5±0,5% de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (MUFA) y 4,7±0,5% de ácidos grasos polinsaturados (PUFA), valores que variaron significativamente (p<0,05) durante el tiempo de almacenamiento. El índice aterogénico (IA) y el índice de trombogenicidad (IT) fueron de 1,6±0,02 y 0,9±0,01, respectivamente. Por otra parte, los filetes procedentes de animales de cultivo presentaron alto contenido de proteína (20,0±1,1%) y bajo contenido de lípidos (1,5±0,3%), con 39,5±0,5% de SFA, 33,2±1,5 de MUFA y 23,9±1,6 de PUFA, valores que no presentaron variación estadística significativa (p>0,05) a lo largo del periodo de almacenamiento. El IA y el IT fueron de 1,3±0,02 y 0,7±0,03, respectivamente. De igual forma, las dos procedencias presentaron importantes contenidos de EPA y DHA. Con base en los anteriores resultados puede inferirse que los filetes de Yaque son de buena calidad nutricional, si se comparan con la de otros bagres comerciales.Palabras clave: almacenamiento; composición proximal; perfil lipídico; índice aterogénico; índice de trombogenicidad.Key words: storage; proximate composition; lipid profile; atherogenic index; index of thrombogenicity.