bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Hyperglycemia and Prognosis of Minor Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Cai Xueli , Jing Jing , Meng Xia , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Wang David , Johnston S. Claiborne , Wei Tiemin , Wang Yilong 
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to determine the association between stress hyperglycemia and risk of new stroke in patients with a minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Methods—
A subgroup of 3026 consecutive patients from 73 prespecified sites of the CHANCE trial (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events) were analyzed. Stress hyperglycemia was measured by glucose/glycated albumin (GA) ratio. Glucose/GA ratio was calculated by fasting plasma glucose divided by GA and categorized into 4 even groups according to the quartiles. The primary outcome was a new stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) at 90 days. We assessed the association between glucose/GA ratio and risk of stroke by multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for potential covariates.

Results—
Among 3026 patients included, a total of 299 (9.9%) new stroke occurred at 3 months. Compared with patients with the lowest quartile, patients with the highest quartile of glucose/GA ratio was associated with an increased risk of stroke at 3 months after adjusted for potential covariates (12.0% versus 9.2%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–2.01). Similar results were observed after further adjusted for fasting plasma glucose. We also observed that higher level of glucose/GA ratio was associated with an increased risk of stroke with a threshold of 0.29 using a Cox regression model with restricted cubic spline.

Conclusions—
Stress hyperglycemia, measured by glucose/GA ratio, was associated with an increased risk of stroke in patients with a minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00979589.
Climatological Variability of Fire Weather in Australia
Authors: Dowdy Andrew J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLong-term variations in fire weather conditions are examined throughout Australia from gridded daily data from 1950 to 2016. The McArthur forest fire danger index is used to represent fire weather conditions throughout this 67-yr period, calculated on the basis of a gridded analysis of observations over this time period. This is a complementary approach to previous studies (e.g., those based primarily on model output, reanalysis, or individual station locations), providing a spatially continuous and long-term observations-based dataset to expand on previous research and produce climatological guidance information for planning agencies. Long-term changes in fire weather conditions are apparent in many regions. In particular, there is a clear trend toward more dangerous conditions during spring and summer in southern Australia, including increased frequency and magnitude of extremes, as well as indicating an earlier start to the fire season. Changes in fire weather conditions are attributable at least in part to anthropogenic climate change, including in relation to increasing temperatures. The influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on fire weather conditions is found to be broadly consistent with previous studies (indicating more severe fire weather in general for El Niño conditions than for La Niña conditions), but it is demonstrated that this relationship is highly variable (depending on season and region) and that there is considerable potential in almost all regions of Australia for long-range prediction of fire weather (e.g., multiweek and seasonal forecasting). It is intended that improved understanding of the climatological variability of fire weather conditions will help lead to better preparedness for risks associated with dangerous wildfires in Australia.
Greater Temperature and Precipitation Extremes Intensify Western U.S. Droughts, Wildfire Severity, and Sierra Nevada Tree Mortality
Authors: Crockett Joseph L. , Westerling A. Leroy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExtensive drought in the western United States (WUS) during the twenty-first century and associated wildfire and tree mortality incidence has highlighted the potential for greater area of severity within widespread droughts. To place recent WUS droughts into a historical context, the authors analyzed gridded daily climate (temperature, precipitation, and climatic water deficit) data to identify and characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of the largest WUS droughts of the last 100 years, with an emphasis on severe cores within drought extents. Cores of droughts during the last 15 years (2000–02 and 2012–14) covered a greater area than in earlier droughts, driven by greater temperature and precipitation extremes. Comparing fire extent and severity before, during, and after drought events using the monitoring trends in burn severity dataset (1984–2014), the authors found fire size and high-severity burn extent were greater during droughts than before or after. Similarly, recent Sierra Nevada forest mortality was greatest in cores immediately after the drought. Climate simulations anticipate greater extremes in temperature and precipitation in a warming world; droughts and related impacts of the last 15 years may presage the effects of these extremes.
The Importance of Place in Communicating Climate Change to Different Facets of the American Public
Authors: Halperin Abby , Walton Peter 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
While the need for action on climate change is urgent, individual-level behaviors to mitigate or adapt to the problem have not tracked with the increasing urgency for action. Place-based communication of climate change may catalyze action by making climate change more personally relevant. However, there is no one general public, so communication efforts can unintentionally polarize beliefs. This study aims to fill the gap in knowledge about how and why different audiences respond to place-based climate change communication, which could aid climate change communication efforts and climate scientists. Results from an experimental survey of 655 Californians and follow-up interviews indicate that prior climate change beliefs influence the effectiveness of place-based climate change communication. In particular, those who were already “concerned” about climate change, as classified by the Six Americas, were the only group to show a significant response to an intervention. This study also finds no difference in willingness to adapt to climate change between local and global framings. However, those exposed to a local framing were more likely to take personal-scale adaptation actions, while those exposed to a global framing were more likely to take policy-scale adaptation actions. These results, and the theories of place attachment and psychological distance, suggest that place-based communication may only be applicable for certain audiences (e.g., the concerned) and when the scale of the intervention matches the scale of action.
Designing Effective Tsunami Messages: Examining the Role of Short Messages and Fear in Warning Response
Authors: Sutton Jeannette , Vos Sarah C. , Wood Michele M. , Turner Monique 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Although tsunamis have the potential to be extremely destructive, relatively little research on tsunami messaging has taken place. Discovering whether tsunami warning messages can be written in a way that leads to increased protective response is crucial, particularly given the increased use of mobile message services and the role they play in notifying the public of imminent threats such as tsunami and other hazards. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of designing warning messages for tsunamis that improve upon message style and content used by public alerting agencies to date and to gain insight that can be applied to other hazards. This study tested the impact of tsunami messages that varied in length and content on six message outcomes—understanding, believing, personalizing, deciding, milling, and fear. Relative to the short message, revised messages resulted in significantly more understanding and deciding, known precursors to taking protective action under threat. The revised message also resulted in significantly more fear, which is believed to influence behavioral intentions. Findings suggest that shorter messages may not deliver enough content to inform message receivers about the threat they face and the protective actions they should perform. Longer messages delivered with more specific information about the location of impact, threat-associated risks, and recommended protective actions were associated with better message outcomes, including quicker intended response. Recommendations for future tsunami warnings are provided.
Pilot Test of a Culturally Appropriate Diabetes Prevention Intervention for At-Risk Latina Women
Authors: McCurley Jessica L. , Fortmann Addie L. , Gutierrez Angela P. , Gonzalez Patricia , Euyoque Johanna , Clark Taylor , Preciado Jessica , Ahmad Aakif , Philis-Tsimikas Athena , Gallo Linda C. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose The purpose of the study was to test the preliminary effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of a peer-led, culturally appropriate, Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)–based lifestyle intervention for Latina women at high-risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods Participants (N = 61) were overweight/obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25) Latina women with no diabetes, at elevated risk either due to midlife age (45-65 years; n = 37) or history of gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 24). The study used a 1-group pretest-posttest design and offered 12 weeks of peer-led education sessions in a community setting. The intervention targeted physical activity and dietary behaviors to facilitate weight reduction and included culturally appropriate content, age-specific health information, and stress/emotion management strategies. Clinical and self-report assessments were conducted at baseline, month 3, and month 6. Results Mean participant age was 47.8 years (SD = 10.8). Most (91.2%) were born in Mexico, and 43.3% had a ninth-grade education or less. At month 6, participants achieved a mean reduction of 4.1% body weight (7 lb [3.2 kg]). Statistically significant improvements were observed for dietary behaviors, stress, and depression symptoms. Attrition was low, 5% (3 women). Focus groups indicated that intervention content increased knowledge, was applicable, highly valued, culturally relevant, and would be recommended to others. Conclusions This culturally tailored DPP adaptation was feasible and acceptable for 2 groups of Latina women at high-risk for T2DM and showed preliminary effectiveness in reducing weight and modifying self-reported dietary behaviors, stress, and depression symptoms. Further research is needed to identify ways to enhance weight loss and diabetes prevention in this at-risk, underserved population.
Successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a child with obstructive shock due to massive bilateral pulmonary embolism
Authors: Badheka Aditya , Bangalore Prakash Pradeep , Allareddy Veerajalandhar 
Published: October 2017

Background: Acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE) is a very rare condition in children. We report the successful use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) as a lifesaving modality in a child with acute massive PE. Case presentation: A nine-year-old female with spinal muscular atrophy type 1, chronic respiratory failure with tracheostomy and ventilator dependence presented with tachypnea and hypoxia. She had recent coiling of her pulmonary arterio-venous malformation. A chest computerized tomography scan showed massive bilateral PE. Urgent catheter-directed thrombolysis failed. She was placed on VA-ECMO with stabilization of hemodynamics. She underwent surgical thrombo-embolectomy followed by weaning of ECMO support. Discussion: The use of VA ECMO supported the cardio-respiratory status and perfusion to facilitate surgical embolectomy.
Comparison of Vital Statistics Definitions of Suicide against a Coroner Reference Standard: A Population-Based Linkage Study
Authors: Gatov Evgenia , Kurdyak Paul , Sinyor Mark , Holder Laura , Schaffer Ayal 
Published: October 2017

Objective: We sought to determine the utility of health administrative databases for population-based suicide surveillance, as these data are generally more accessible and more integrated with other data sources compared to coroners’ records. Method: In this retrospective validation study, we identified all coroner-confirmed suicides between 2003 and 2012 in Ontario residents aged 21 and over and linked this information to Statistics Canada’s vital statistics data set. We examined the overlap between the underlying cause of death field and secondary causes of death using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes for deliberate self-harm (i.e., suicide) and examined the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of misclassified records. Results: Among 10,153 linked deaths, there was a very high degree of overlap between records coded as deliberate self-harm in the vital statistics data set and coroner-confirmed suicides using both ICD-9 and ICD-10 definitions (96.88% and 96.84% sensitivity, respectively). This alignment steadily increased throughout the study period (from 95.9% to 98.8%). Other vital statistics diagnoses in primary fields included uncategorised signs and symptoms. Vital statistics records that were misclassified did not differ from valid records in terms of sociodemographic characteristics but were more likely to have had an unspecified place of injury on the death certificate ( P < 0.001), more likely to have died at a health care facility ( P < 0.001), to have had an autopsy ( P = 0.002), and to have been admitted to a psychiatric hospital in the year preceding death ( P = 0.03). Conclusions: A high degree of concordance between vital statistics and coroner classification of suicide deaths suggests that health administrative data can reliably be used to identify suicide deaths.
Predictors of mortality in hospital survivors with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Savonitto Stefano , Morici Nuccia , Nozza Anna , Cosentino Francesco , Perrone Filardi Pasquale , Murena Ernesto , Morocutti Giorgio , Ferri Marco , Cavallini Claudio , Eijkemans Marinus JC , Stähli Barbara E , Schrieks Ilse C , Toyama Tadashi , Lambers Heerspink HJ , Malmberg Klas , Schwartz Gregory G , Lincoff A Michael , Ryden Lars , Tardif Jean Claude , Grobbee Diederick E 
Published: October 2017

Aim: To define the predictors of long-term mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and recent acute coronary syndrome. Methods and results: A total of 7226 patients from a randomized trial, testing the effect on cardiovascular outcomes of the dual peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor agonist aleglitazar in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and recent acute coronary syndrome (AleCardio trial), were analysed. Median follow-up was 2 years. The independent mortality predictors were defined using Cox regression analysis. The predictive information provided by each variable was calculated as percent of total chi-square of the model. All-cause mortality was 4.0%, with cardiovascular death contributing for 73% of mortality. The mortality prediction model included N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.68; 95% confidence interval = 1.51–1.88; 27% of prediction), lack of coronary revascularization (hazard ratio = 2.28; 95% confidence interval = 1.77–2.93; 18% of prediction), age (hazard ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.05; 15% of prediction), heart rate (hazard ratio = 1.02; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.03; 10% of prediction), glycated haemoglobin (hazard ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.03–1.19; 8% of prediction), haemoglobin (hazard ratio = 1.01; 95% confidence interval = 1.00–1.02; 8% of prediction), prior coronary artery bypass (hazard ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval = 1.11–2.32; 7% of prediction) and prior myocardial infarction (hazard ratio = 1.40; 95% confidence interval = 1.05–1.87; 6% of prediction). Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and recent acute coronary syndrome, mortality prediction is largely dominated by markers of cardiac, rather than metabolic, dysfunction.
Impact of histological thrombus composition on preinterventional thrombus migration in patients with acute occlusions of the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Maegerlein Christian , Friedrich Benjamin , Berndt Maria , Lucia Kristin Elizabeth , Schirmer Lucas , Poppert Holger , Zimmer Claus , Pelisek Jaroslav , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Kaesmacher Johannes 
Published: October 2017

Purpose The occurrence of thrombus migration (TM) in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) prior to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients suffering from acute ischemic strokes is a crucial aspect as TM is associated with lower rates of complete reperfusion and worse clinical outcomes. In this study, we sought to clarify whether histological thrombus composition influences TM. Methods We included 64 patients with acute MCA occlusions who had undergone MT. In 11 of the cases (17.2%) we identified TM prior to the interventions. The extracted clots were collected and histologically examined. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens were quantitatively analyzed in terms of the relative fractions of the main constituents (red and white blood cells and fibrin/platelets). The histologic patterns were correlated with the occurrence of TM. Results Patients in whom TM could be observed were more often treated in a drip-and-ship fashion (90.9% vs 41.5%, p = 0.003). Stroke etiology did not differ between migrated and stable thrombi. A weak tendency for higher RBC and lower F/P content could be observed in thrombi that had migrated when compared with stable thrombi (RBC: median 41% vs 37%, p = 0.022 and F/P: median 54% vs 57%, p = 0.024). When using a cut-off of 60% RBC content for the definition of RBC-rich thrombi, a higher portion of RBC-rich thrombi could be identified in the migrated group as opposed to the stable group (36.4% vs 5.7%, p = 0.003). Conclusion Preinterventional TM may be influenced by the histological thrombus composition in a way that RBC-rich thrombi are more prone to migrate.
Warfarin Use in Hemodialysis Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review of Stroke and Bleeding Outcomes
Authors: Tsai Chieh , Marcus Laura Quinn , Patel Priya , Battistella Marisa 
Published: October 2017

Background: Given the lack of clear indications for the use of warfarin in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients on hemodialysis and the potential risks that accompany warfarin use in these patients, we systematically reviewed stroke and bleeding outcomes in hemodialysis patients treated with warfarin for AF. Objective: To systematically review the stroke and bleeding outcomes associated with warfarin use in the hemodialysis population to treat AF. Design: Systematic review. Setting: All adult hemodialysis patients. Patients: Patients on hemodialysis receiving warfarin for the management of AF. Measurements: Any type of stroke and/or bleeding outcomes. Methods: MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and MEDLINE(R) via OVID (1946 to January 11, 2017), and EMBASE via OVID (1974 to January 11, 2017) were searched for relevant literature. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series in English that examined stroke and bleeding outcomes in adult population of patients (over 18 years old) who are on hemodialysis and taking warfarin for AF. Studies with less than 10 subjects, case reports, review articles, and editorials were excluded. Quality of selected articles was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: Of the 2340 titles and abstracts screened, 7 met the inclusion criteria. Two studies showed an association between warfarin use and an increased risk of stroke (Hazard Ratio: 1.93-3.36) but no association with an increased risk of bleed (HR: 0.85-1.04), while 4 studies showed no association between warfarin and stroke outcomes (HR: 0.12-1.17) but identified an association between warfarin and increased bleeding outcome (HR: 1.41-3.96). And 1 study reported neither beneficial nor harmful effects associated with warfarin use. Limitations: The major limitation to this review is that the 7 included studies were observational cohort studies, and thus the outcome measures were not specified and predetermined in a research protocol. Conclusion: Our systematic review demonstrated that for patients with AF who are on hemodialysis, warfarin was not associated with reduced outcomes of stroke but was rather associated with increased bleeding events.
Does Corruption Facilitate Growth? A Cross-national Study in a Non-linear Framework
Authors: Saha Shrabani , Mallik Girijasankar , Vortelinos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2017

The article examines the corruption–growth relationship in a non-linear framework using panel fixed effects (FE) and system generalized methods of moments (SGMM) model for over 110 countries for the period 1984–2009. The results reveal that the least corrupt countries enjoy higher growth rates, whereas highly corrupt countries experience low growth. Furthermore, corruption has a positive and significant effect on economic growth up to a certain level and thereafter it reduces growth. The results are robust under various methodology and an alternative measure of corruption. JEL Classification: D73, O47, O50
R-CHOP 14 with or without radiotherapy in nonbulky limited-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Lamy Thierry , Damaj Gandhi , Soubeyran Pierre , Gyan Emmanuel , Cartron Guillaume , Bouabdallah Krimo , Gressin Rémy , Cornillon Jérôme , Banos Anne , Le Du Katell , Benchalal Mohamed , Moles Marie-Pierre , Le Gouill Steven , Fleury Joel , Godmer Pascal , Maisonneuve Hervé , Deconinck Eric , Houot Roch , Laribi Kamel , Marolleau Jean Pierre , Tournilhac Olivier , Branger Bernard , Devillers Anne , Vuillez Jean Philippe , Fest Thierry , Colombat Philippe , Costes Valérie , Szablewski Vanessa , Béné Marie C. , Delwail Vincent 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
For early-stage DLBCL, R-CHOP alone is not inferior to R-CHOP followed by RT.
Impact and associations of eosinophilic inflammation in COPD: analysis of the AERIS cohort
Authors: Kim Viktoriya L. , Coombs Ngaire A. , Staples Karl J. , Ostridge Kristoffer K. , Williams Nicholas P. , Wootton Stephen A. , Devaster Jeanne-Marie , Aris Emmanuel , Clarke Stuart C. , Tuck Andrew C. , Bourne Simon C. , Wilkinson Tom M.A. 
Published: October 2017

Eosinophilic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) predicts response to treatment, especially corticosteroids. We studied the nature of eosinophilic inflammation in COPD prospectively to examine the stability of this phenotype and its dynamics across exacerbations, and its associations with clinical phenotype, exacerbations and infection.127 patients aged 40–85 years with moderate to very severe COPD underwent repeated blood and sputum sampling at stable visits and within 72 h of exacerbation for 1 year.Blood eosinophils ≥2% was prevalent at baseline, and predicted both predominantly raised stable-state eosinophils across the year (area under the curve 0.841, 95% CI 0.755–0.928) and increased risk of eosinophilic inflammation at exacerbation (OR 9.16; p<0.001). Eosinophils ≥2% at exacerbation and eosinophil predominance at stable visits were associated with a lower risk of bacterial presence at exacerbation (OR 0.49; p=0.049 and OR 0.25; p=0.065, respectively). Bacterial infection at exacerbation was highly seasonal (winterversussummer OR 4.74; p=0.011) in predominantly eosinophilic patients.Eosinophilic inflammation is a common and stable phenotype in COPD. Blood eosinophil counts in the stable state can predict the nature of inflammation at future exacerbations, which when combined with an understanding of seasonal variation provides the basis for the development of new treatment paradigms for this important condition.