bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term intervention to reduce anxiety before coronary artery bypass surgery – a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Heilmann Claudia , Stotz Ulrike , Burbaum Christina , Feuchtinger Johanna , Leonhart Rainer , Siepe Matthias , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Fritzsche Kurt 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate an intervention with individualised information and emotional support before coronary artery bypass grafting in a controlled randomised trial.BackgroundAnxiety is a typical phenomenon in patients who are to undergo cardiac surgery. Preoperative anxiety has been shown to correlate to adverse postoperative outcomes. Emotional support could be an effective measure to reduce preoperative anxiety.Design and methodsPatients with planned first coronary artery bypass grafting were randomised into an intervention group (n = 139) and a control group (n = 114). The patients of the control group were routinely informed as usual. The patients of the intervention group received a dialogue with individualised information and emotional support one day before surgery in addition to standard care. This intervention of ~30 minutes was based on a supportive psychotherapy model and was delivered by trained nurses. The primary outcome was the change in anxiety before operation. The secondary outcomes consisted of changes in postoperative anxiety, time on intensive care unit and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsSignificantly reduced anxiety was found in the intervention group patients compared to control patients before coronary artery bypass grafting (p < 0·001) and five days after surgery (p < 0·001). Both groups did not differ in in‐hospital mortality and duration of stay in the intensive care unit.ConclusionsOur short‐term psychosocial intervention in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting had a beneficial effect on reducing pre‐ and postoperative anxiety that was better than routine information alone.Relevance to clinical practiceThese results advocate training for nurses and physicians to provide emotional support to patients before coronary artery bypass grafting.
On duty all the time: health and quality of life among immigrant parents caring for a child with complex health needs
Authors: Kvarme Lisbeth Gravdal , Albertini‐Früh Elena , Brekke Idunn , Gardsjord Ragnhild , Halvorsrud Liv , Liden Hilde 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo provide knowledge about how immigrant parents of children with complex health needs manage their family lives and how this affects their own health and quality of life.BackgroundCaregivers of children with complex health needs have additional risk for general health problems and mental health problems and immigrant parents may be more vulnerable to mental distress and failing health and quality of life.DesignThis qualitative study used an exploratory design with individual and focus group interviews. Data collection and analysis followed phenomenological hermeneutic guidelines.MethodsIndividual and group interviews with 27 parents: 18 mothers and 9 fathers from Pakistan, Poland and Vietnam.ResultsImmigrant parents of children with complex health needs experience their own health and quality of life challenges. They described the burden of dealing with their child's needs and special care, which affects their sleep and physical and mental health. Single mothers are particularly vulnerable.ConclusionParents reported positive and negative effects of their caregiving experience that may affect their health and quality of life. Mothers were the primary caregivers and reported more health problems than did fathers. The lack of respite care, social networks and support impacted maternal health. Immigrant parents struggle to access resources for their child with complex health needs.Relevance to clinical practiceHospital nurses, schools and community health care can play a valuable role in supporting the parents of children with complex health needs. It is important that parents are informed about their rights and receive a coordinator and interdisciplinary group to ensure that their needs are met with assistance and respite care. That maternal health was worse in this sample implies that health care professionals should pay more attention to reducing stress among these caregivers.
Communication between office‐based primary care providers and nurses working within patients' homes: an analysis of process data from CAPABLE
Authors: Smith Patrick D , Boyd Cynthia , Bellantoni Julia , Roth Jill , Becker Kathleen L , Savage Jessica , Nkimbeng Manka , Szanton Sarah L 
Published: January 2016

Aims and ObjectivesTo examine themes of communication between office‐based primary care providers and nurses working in private residences; to assess which methods of communication elicit fruitful responses to nurses’ concerns.BackgroundLack of effective communication between home health care nurses and primary care providers contributes to clinical errors, inefficient care delivery and decreased patient safety. Few studies have described best practices related to frequency, methods and reasons for communication between community‐based nurses and primary care providers.DesignSecondary analysis of process data from ‘Community Aging in Place: Advancing Better Living for Elders (CAPABLE)’.MethodsIndependent reviewers analysed nurse documentation of communication (phone calls, letters and client coaching) initiated for 70 patients and analysed 45 letters to primary care providers to identify common concerns and recommendations raised by CAPABLE nurses.ResultsPrimary care providers responded to 86% of phone calls, 56% of letters and 50% of client coaching efforts. Primary care providers addressed 86% of concerns communicated by phone, 34% of concerns communicated by letter and 41% of client‐raised concerns. Nurses’ letters addressed five key concerns: medication safety, pain, change in activities of daily living, fall safety and mental health. In letters, CAPABLE nurses recommended 58 interventions: medication change; referral to a specialist; patient education; and further diagnostic evaluation.ConclusionsEffective communication between home‐based nurses and primary care providers enhances care coordination and improves outcomes for home‐dwelling elders. Various methods of contact show promise for addressing specific communication needs.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses practicing within patients’ homes can improve care coordination by using phone calls to address minor matters and written letters for detailed communication. Future research should explore implementation of Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation in home care to promote safe and efficient communication. Nurses should empower patients to address concerns directly with providers through use of devices including health passports.
A feasibility and efficacy randomised controlled trial of swaddling for controlling procedural pain in preterm infants
Authors: Ho Lai Ping , Ho Simone SM , Leung Doris YP , So Winnie KW , Chan Carmen WH 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of swaddling to control procedural pain among preterm infants.BackgroundSwaddling has been recommended for controlling neonatal pain. However, the feasibility for use is uncertain and insufficient evidence is available among preterm infants.DesignA two‐arm randomised controlled trial with repeated measures.MethodThe study was conducted in a 21‐bed neonatal intensive care unit of a regional hospital in Hong Kong. Preterm infants who required heelstick procedure were eligible. Fifty‐four preterm infants between 30–37 gestational weeks were randomly assigned to swaddling (n = 27) and control (standard care, n = 27) groups. Pain assessment was performed pre, during, immediate, two, four, six and eight minutes after heelstick procedure using the Premature Infant Pain Profile.ResultsThe mean Premature Infant Pain Profile scores were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group during, immediate, two, four, and six minutes after the heelstick procedure. The mean changes of heart rate and oxygen saturation in the intervention group were significantly lower than that of the control group at all measured time points. Notably, the swaddled infants quickly resumed to the baseline level at two minutes whereas the control group reached the stable state at an extended period of six minutes.ConclusionThe findings show that swaddling is feasible and efficacious in controlling pain for heelstick procedure among preterm infants. No adverse effects were observed.Relevance to clinical practiceThis article presents the feasibility and efficacy of swaddling as a non‐pharmacological and non‐invasive intervention to relieve pain during the heelstick procedures among preterm infants. Swaddling can contribute to control minor procedural pain in neonates as one of the simple, safe, cost effective, humanistic and natural analgesia alternatives.
Undefined and unpredictable responsibility: a focus group study of the experiences of informal caregiver spouses of patients with severe COPD
Authors: Bove Dorthe Gaby , Zakrisson Ann‐Britt , Midtgaard Julie , Lomborg Kirsten , Overgaard Dorthe 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore how spouses of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experience their role as informal caregiver.BackgroundInformal caregiver spouses are of pivotal importance in the way that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cope with their daily life, including their opportunity to stay at home and avoid hospitalisations in the last stages of the disease. However, caregiving is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among caregivers. Further understanding of the role as an informal caregiver spouse of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is needed to develop supportive interventions aimed at reducing the caregiver burden.DesignThe study had a qualitative exploratory design. The data collection and analysis were based on framework method. Framework method is a thematic methodology and consists of five key stages: familiarisation, identifying a thematic framework, indexing, charting and mapping & interpretation.MethodsThree focus groups were conducted in November 2013 with 22 spouses of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ResultsUndefined and unpredictable responsibility was found to be the overarching theme describing the informal caregiver role. Underlying themes were: being constantly in a state of alertness, social life modified, maintaining normality, ambivalence in the relationship and a willingness to be involved.ConclusionsThe informal caregiver spouses experienced ambiguity about expectations from their private and the health professionals’ surroundings. The informal caregiver spouses wanted to provide meaningful care for their partners, but sought knowledge and support from the health professionals.Relevance to clinical practiceWe recommend that nurses take on the responsibility for including the informal caregiver spouses in those aspects of decision‐making that involve the common life of the patients and their spouses.
Successful angioplasty during pregnancy for renal artery stenosis
Authors: Margueritte François , Velasco Stephane , Pourrat Olivier , Pierre Fabrice 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRenal artery stenosis can be diagnosed during pregnancy and treated at the same time. A 30‐year‐old woman had a sudden, severe but asymptomatic hypertensive crisis at 21 weeks of gestation. The diagnosis of renal artery stenosis suspected on Doppler ultrasonography was confirmed and treated by renal angioplasty, which reduced her blood pressure. At 27 weeks of gestation, her blood pressure increased again, associated with significant proteinuria, suggesting pre‐eclampsia. A cesarean section was performed giving birth to a healthy 940‐g child. Renal artery stenosis should be considered when sudden and early‐onset hypertension appears during pregnancy.
Risk Factors and Clinical Impacts of Peri‐Stent Contrast Staining After Second‐Generation Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Tokuda Takahiro , Yamawaki Masahiro , Mori Shinsuke , Takimura Hideyuki , Sakamoto Yasunari , Kobayashi Norihiro , Araki Motoharu , Hirano Keisuke , Ito Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundPeri‐stent contrast staining (PSS) after sirolimus‐eluting stent implantation is associated with target lesion revascularization (TLR) and very late stent thrombosis. However, the risk factors and clinical sequelae of PSS after second‐generation DES implantation remain unclear.Methods and ResultsThis study comprised 2,090 patients with 2,883 lesions treated with second‐generation DES from April 2009 to February 2013. Angiographic findings and clinical outcomes were compared between PSS and non‐PSS groups. Follow‐up angiography was available for 2,411 lesions. PSS was observed in 23 lesions: 4 in biolimus‐eluting stents, 4 in zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZES), and 15 in everolimus‐eluting stents (EES). Right coronary artery lesions, chronic total occlusion (CTO), and lesions with severe angulation (>90°) were more frequent in the PSS group compared with the non‐PSS group. Lesions were longer and the cumulative TLR incidence at 3 years was higher in the PSS group than those in the non‐PSS group (27.9 mm vs. 19.4 mm, P < 0.0001; 27.4% vs. 8.6%, P = 0.0002). There was no significant difference in stent thrombosis between the two groups. Multivariable analysis identified CTO [odds ratio (OR) 3.75, 95%CI 1.52–8.88, P = 0.005] as an independent predictor of PSS.ConclusionsPSS after second‐generation DES implantation was associated with an increased risk of subsequent TLR. CTO was the independent predictor of PSS. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:179–187)
Salivary duct carcinoma: a Danish national study
Authors: Breinholt Helle , Elhakim Mohammad Talal , Godballe Christian , Andersen Lisbeth Juhler , Primdahl Hanne , Kristensen Claus A. , Bjørndal Kristine 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundTo present the first national series of salivary duct carcinoma patients, including survival rates and an analysis of prognostic factors.MethodsBy merging three Danish nationwide registries that encompass an entire population, 34 patients diagnosed with salivary duct carcinoma from 1990 to 2005 were identified. Histological slides were reviewed, and data concerning demographics, tumour site, clinical stage, treatment profiles and follow‐up were retrieved. Survival estimates and prognostic factors were evaluated by comparing Kaplan–Meier plots using the Mantel–Haenszel log‐rank test.ResultsSalivary duct carcinoma showed an incidence of 0.04/100.000 inhabitants/year. Distant recurrence was seen in 52% of patients. Five‐year overall survival, disease‐specific survival and recurrence‐free survival were 32%, 42% and 35%, respectively. Univariate analyses suggested that overall stage (III/IV) and vascular invasion have a negative impact on all survival measures. Involved resection margins correlated with a poorer overall survival and disease‐specific survival, whereas adjuvant radiotherapy improved overall survival and recurrence‐free survival.ConclusionsSalivary duct carcinoma incidence averages to two episodes per year in the entire Kingdom of Denmark. With half of patients in this study experiencing distant recurrences and only a third surviving at 5 years, prognosis is dismal. Advanced overall stage, vascular invasion and involved resection margins all seem to correlate with a poorer survival, while adjuvant radiotherapy significantly improved outcome. Extensive T‐site surgery, neck dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy are therefore recommended.
Changes in Body Mass Index and the Trajectory of Depressive Symptoms Among Rural Men and Women
Authors: Chang Jen Jen , Salas Joanne , Tabet Maya , Kasper Zachary , Elder Keith , Staley Holly , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) changes over time and the risk of elevated depressive symptoms in a cohort of Midwestern rural adults.MethodsThe longitudinal study used data from a telephone survey in 2005 including 1,475 men and women enrolled in the Walk the Ozarks to Wellness Project from 12 rural communities in Missouri, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Multilevel random intercept mixed models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between BMI calculated from self‐reported height and body weight and elevated depressive symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and medical variables.FindingsElevated depressive symptoms were common in this rural population (17%‐19%) and the mean BMI was 28 kg/m2. For each unit increase in BMI over time, representing an average increase of about 5.8 pounds from baseline weight, there was a 6% increased odds of elevated depressive symptoms (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.12).ConclusionsOur findings hold important public health implications given the increasing rates of overweight and obesity over the past couple of decades, particularly among rural adults.
Metabolic and Hormonal Response to a Feed‐challenge Test in Lean and Overweight Dogs
Authors: Söder J. , Wernersson S. , Hagman R. , Karlsson I. , Malmlöf K. , Höglund K. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundObese dogs risk poor life quality, creating a need for increased knowledge of metabolism in overweight dogs.ObjectivesInvestigate postprandial metabolic and hormonal responses to a high‐fat mixed‐meal in dogs and responses of lean versus overweight dogs.AnimalsTwenty‐eight healthy intact male Labrador Retrievers were included.MethodsProspective observational study. Twelve dogs were grouped as lean (body condition score (BCS 4–5), 10 as slightly overweight (BCS 6), and 6 as overweight (BCS 6.5–8) on a 9‐point scale. After an overnight fast, urine and blood samples were collected. Dogs were then fed a high‐fat mixed‐meal, and blood was collected hourly for 4 hours and urine after 3 hours.ResultsPostprandial concentrations of insulin and glucagon were increased at 1 hour (both P < 0.0001), triglycerides at 2 hours (P < 0.0001), and glucose at 3 hours (P = 0.004); and all remained increased throughout the feed‐challenge in all dogs. Postprandial urine cortisol/creatinine ratio was higher than fasting values (P = 0.001). Comparing between groups, there was an overall higher triglyceride response in overweight compared to lean (P = 0.001) and slightly overweight (P = 0.015) dogs. Overweight dogs also had higher fasting cortisol/creatinine ratio compared to lean dogs (P = 0.024).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePostprandial responses of dogs to a high‐fat mixed‐meal were similar to those previously reported in people. The higher postprandial triglyceride response and fasting cortisol/creatinine ratio in the overweight dogs could be early signs of metabolic imbalance. Thus, although overweight dogs often appear healthy, metabolic alterations might be present.
Species‐specific facilitation, ontogenetic shifts and consequences for plant community succession
Authors: Paterno Gustavo Brant , Siqueira Filho José Alves , Ganade Gislene 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimsOur main aims are to test how: (1) different nurse species modulate the early establishment of multiple beneficiary species in a degraded area; (2) the intensity and direction of species‐specific interactions between nurse and beneficiary species change during beneficiary ontogeny.LocationA shrubby Caatinga forest at Petrolina, northeast Brazil, degraded by grazing and logging activities in recent decades.MethodsWe conducted a factorial multi‐species experiment in which seeds and seedlings of five beneficiary species were sown in the presence and absence of three pioneer tree species. Beneficiary species performance was monitored for different ontogenetic stages.ResultsWe found evidence of species‐specific facilitation in which the intensity and outcome of the interactions between nurse and beneficiary species varied depending on species identity. Additionally, for most combinations of nurse and beneficiary species, ontogenetic shifts from positive to neutral or negative interactions were observed with increasing beneficiary age.ConclusionsWe provide experimental evidence that nurse and beneficiary species identity simultaneously influence the balance between facilitation and competition. Our results suggest that ontogenetic shifts may be a widespread phenomenon in semi‐arid ecosystems. We discuss that a key mechanism explaining these findings is the match between what nurse species offer and what beneficiary species require in terms of resources and conditions. As a consequence, different nurse species tend to favour or inhibit unique sets of beneficiary species beneath their canopies. We argue that species‐specific facilitation is an overlooked mechanism promoting β‐diversity during community succession.
Phylogenomics at the tips: inferring lineages and their demographic history in a tropical lizard, Carlia amax
Authors: Potter Sally , Bragg Jason G. , Peter Benjamin M. , Bi Ke , Moritz Craig 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing approaches offer opportunities to better understand the evolutionary processes driving diversification, particularly in nonmodel organisms. In particular, the 100–1000's of loci that can now be sequenced are providing unprecedented power in population, speciation and phylogenetic studies. Here, we apply an exon capture approach to generate >99% complete sequence and SNP data across >2000 loci from a tropical skink, Carlia amax, and exploit these data to identify divergent lineages and infer their relationships and demographic histories. This is especially relevant to low‐dispersal tropical taxa that often have cryptic diversity and spatially dynamic histories. For C. amax, clustering of nuclear SNPs and coalescent‐based species delimitation analyses identify four divergent lineages, one fewer than predicted based on geographically coherent mtDNA clades (>9.4% sequence divergence). Three of these lineages are widespread and parapatric on the mainland, whereas the most divergent is restricted to islands off the northeast Northern Territory. Tests for population expansion reject an equilibrium isolation‐by‐distance model for two of the three widespread lineages and infer refugial expansion sources in the relatively mesic northeast Top End and northwest Kimberley. The latter is already recognized as a hotspot of endemism, but our results also suggest that a stronger focus on the northeast Top End, and adjacent islands is warranted. More generally, our results show how genome‐reduction methods such as exon capture can yield insights into the pattern and dynamics of biodiversity across complex landscapes with as yet poorly understood biogeographic history and how exon data can link between population and phylogenetic questions.