bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sevoflurane represses the self‐renewal ability by regulating miR‐7a,7b/Klf4 signalling pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Wang Qimin , Li Guifeng , Li Baolin , Chen Qiu , Lv Dongdong , Liu Jiaying , Ma Jieyu , Sun Nai , Yang Longqiu , Fei Xuejie , Song Qiong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSevoflurane is a frequently‐used clinical inhalational anaesthetic and can cause toxicity to embryos during foetal development. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of blastospheres and can be used as a useful model of early development. Here, we found that sevoflurane significantly influenced self‐renewal ability of mESCs on stemness maintenance and cell proliferation. The cell cycle was arrested via G1 phase delay. We further found that sevoflurane upregulated expression of miR‐7a,7b to repress self‐renewal. Next we performed rescue experiments and found that after adding miR‐7a,7b inhibitor into mESCs treated with sevoflurane, its influence on self‐renewal could be blocked. Further we identified stemness factor Klf4 as the direct target of miR‐7a,7b. Overexpression of Klf4 restored self‐renewal ability repressed by miR‐7a,7b or sevoflurane. In this work, we determined that sevoflurane repressed self‐renewal ability by regulating the miR‐7a,7b/Klf4 signalling pathway in mESCs. Our study demonstrated molecular mechanism underlying the side effects of sevoflurane during early development, laying the foundation for studies on safe usage of inhalational anaesthetic during non‐obstetric surgery.
Rapid responses to a strong experimental selection for heat hardening in the invasive whitefly Bemisia tabaciMEAM 1
Authors: Muñoz‐Valencia Vanessa , González‐Obando Ranulfo , Díaz Fernando 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAdaptation to new environments is an important issue for invasive species as colonization depends on evolvability in their new distribution range. Here, we considered the case of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM 1 (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a pest that has recently invaded Colombia and where thermal adaptation has been proposed to explain its colonizing ability. An experimental evolution study was conducted to assess the evolutionary potential of B. tabaci in relation to its upper thermal limits, to explain its rapid adaptation during post‐invasion periods. Selection for hardening capacity was conducted in four whitefly populations. We measured thermal responses in relation to fitness components (survival, fecundity, and viability) for 5–7 generations under a strong selection regime. Heat hardening responded rapidly in both sexes. This was expressed as an increase in survival, but not in fecundity or viability. These results suggest that thermal responses for heat hardening are not correlated and evolve independently. Increased survival after few generations of selection points to high adaptive potential in this insect, which leads to rapid post‐invasion adaptation. Our study can help to predict population responses to environmental change and explain the colonizing ability of this pest.
Thermoregulation in gregarious dipteran larvae: evidence of species‐specific temperature selection
Authors: Aubernon Cindy , Boulay Julien , Hédouin Valéry , Charabidzé Damien 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDue to the ephemeral nature of carcasses they grow on, necrophagous blowfly larvae should minimize the time spent on the cadaver. This could be achieved by moving to high‐temperature areas. On that basis, we theorized that larvae placed in a heterogeneous thermal environment would move to the higher temperature that speed up their development. This study was designed to (1) test the ability of necrophagous larvae to orientate in a heterogeneous thermal environment, and (2) compare the temperatures selected by the larvae of three common blowfly species: Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Calliphora vomitoria (L.) and Calliphora vicina (Robineau‐Desvoidy). For this purpose, we designed a setup we named Thermograde. It consists of a food‐supplied linear thermal gradient that allows larvae to move, feed, and grow in close‐to‐real conditions, and to choose to stay at a given temperature. For each species and replication, 80 young third instars were placed on the thermal gradient. The location of larvae was observed after 19 h, with fifteen replications per species. The larvae of each species formed aggregations that were always located at the same temperatures, which were highly species‐specific: 33.3 ± 1.52 °C for L. sericata, 29.6 ± 1.63 °C for C. vomitoria, and 22.4 ± 1.55 °C for C. vicina. According to the literature, these value allows a fast development of the larvae, but not to reach the maximum development rate. As control experiments clearly demonstrate that larval distribution was not due to differences in food quality, we hypothesized that the local temperature selection by larvae may result from a trade‐off between development quality and duration. Indeed, temperature controls not only the development rate of the larvae, but also the quality of their growth and survival rate. Finally, results raise questions regarding the way larvae moved on the gradient and located their preferential temperature.
Cadmium adsorption on bacteria–mineral mixtures: effect of naturally occurring ligands
Authors: Du H. H. , Chen W. L. , Cai P. , Rong X. M. , Chen C. R. , Huang Q. Y. 
Published: August 2016

The mobility and fate of heavy metals in soil depend strongly on their interactions with naturally occurring ligands and sorbents such as bacteria–mineral complexes, which are among the most important bioactive components in soil. However, the mechanism through which the various ligands affect heavy metal adsorption on bacteria–mineral complexes remains unclear. In this study, the effects of several inorganic and organic ligands on Cd adsorption on Pseudomonas putida–montmorillonite (Mont) and Pseudomonas putida–goethite mixtures were examined with measurements of macroscopic sorption. The results showed that citrate and humic acid enhanced Cd adsorption on P. putida–Mont and P. putida–goethite. Conversely, oxalate suppressed Cd adsorption. Phosphate showed both limited and increased Cd adsorption, depending on the types of mixture. Cadmium adsorption was increased on P. putida–goethite, but was reduced on P. putida–Mont. This study provided the first compelling evidence that the effects of ligands on bacteria–mineral mixtures cannot simply be inferred from the effects on the individual components of such mixtures. The positive, neutral or negative effects also depend on the types and concentrations of ligands as well as the mineral species that form the bacteria–mineral mixtures.Highlights
Little information is available on metal adsorption at organo–mineral interfaces affected by ligands.
Effect of ligands on metal adsorption to bacteria–mineral complexes is elucidated.
Ligands can form surface Cd complexes on the mineral component of the bacteria–mineral mixture.
The effects of ligands on the mixture depend on the interactions between individual components.
Younger black patients have a higher risk of infection mortality that is mostly non‐dialysis related: A national study of cause‐specific mortality among U.S. maintenance dialysis patients
Authors: Yu Alison J. , Norris Keith C. , Cheung Alfred K. , Yan Guofen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction: While it has been well documented that in the U.S., black and Hispanic dialysis patients have overall lower risks of death than white dialysis patients, little is known whether their lower risks are observed in cause‐specific deaths. Additionally, recent research reported that younger black patients have a higher risk of death, but the source is unclear. Therefore, this study examined cause‐specific deaths among US dialysis patients by race/ethnicity and age.Methods: This national study included 1,255,640 incident dialysis patients between 1995 and 2010 in the United States Renal Data System. Five cause‐specific mortality rates, including cardiovascular (CVD), infection, malignancy, other known causes (miscellaneous), and unknown, were compared across blacks, Hispanics, and whites overall and stratified by age groups.Findings: After multiple adjustments, Hispanic patients had the lowest risk of mortality for every major cause in almost all ages. Compared with whites, blacks had a lower risk of death from CVD, malignancy and miscellaneous causes in most age groups, but not from infection. In fact, blacks had a higher risk of infection death than whites in ages 18–30 years (HR [95% CI] 1.94 [1.69–2.23]; P < 0.001), 31–40 years (HR 1.51 [1.40–1.63]; P < 0.001) and 41–50 years (HR 1.07 [1.02–1.12]; P = 0.009), which were partially attributed to their higher prevalence of AIDS nephropathy. For each race/ethnicity, more than two‐thirds of infection deaths were due to non‐dialysis related infections.Discussion: Hispanics had the lowest risk for each major cause of death. Blacks were less likely to die than whites from most causes, except infection. The previously reported higher overall mortality rate for younger blacks is attributed to their two‐fold higher infection mortality, which is mostly non‐dialysis related, suggesting a new direction to improve their overall health status. Research is greatly needed to determine social and biological factors that account for the survival gap in dialysis among different racial/ethnic groups.
A comparative study of the spatial distribution of HIV prevalence in the metropolis of Kermanshah, Iran, in 1996−2014 using geographical information systems
Authors: Khademi N , Reshadat S , Zangeneh A , Saeidi S , Ghasemi SR , Rajabi‐Gilan N , Zakiei A 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesGeographical information systems (GISs) have made spatiotemporal understanding of geographical patterns possible and have contributed to the identification and analysis of factors relating to health care behaviours and outcomes. The present study is the first to examine the spatial distribution of HIV prevalence in the metropolis of Kermanshah, Iran, using GISs.MethodsThe research methods were descriptive, analytical and comparative. Additionally, data recorded for HIV‐infected patients in 1996–2014 were used and then the loci of HIV infection in the metropolis of Kermanshah were identified and analysed spatially using ArcGIS (Esri, New York, NY, USA).ResultsHIV prevalence in the metropolis of Kermanshah increased from 1996 to 2014. Analysis of the spatial distribution of the prevalence of HIV using ArcGIS indicated the presence of clusters of HIV infection. The findings demonstrate that there were many clusters of high HIV prevalence throughout the city of Kermanshah and that these clusters increased in size during the study period. Furthermore, the statistics are indicative of a growing number of HIV‐infected women as well as a significant reduction in the mean age of the HIV‐infected female population.ConclusionsThe spatial differences in HIV prevalence across the city of Kermanshah, as well as the identification of the resulting spatial clusters in different parts of the city, suggest that measures should be put in place to prevent the growth of these clusters and to reduce the number of women being infected with HIV.
Commentary: Are alpha‐2 agonist really effective in children with tics with comorbid ADHD? A commentary on Whittington et al. (2016)
Authors: Bloch Michael H. 
Published: August 2016

In this issue, Whittington et al. (2016) present a systematic review that reports the efficacy of three primary treatments for children with Tourette syndrome (TS) – (a) α2‐adrenergic receptor agonists; (b) antipsychotic medications; and (c) habit reversal training/comprehensive behavioral intervention. In this commentary, we highlight the large degree of heterogeneity observed in the meta‐analysis of trials involving alpha‐2 agonist medications and present possible explanations for the observed heterogeneity. Among these possible explanations is the possibility that presence of comorbid ADHD may moderate the efficacy of alpha‐2 agonists in the treatment of tic disorder with the medications being more effective in patients with both conditions. The commentary reviews the evidence supporting this possible moderating effect of ADHD and discusses the implications for such a relationship.
Registered nurses’ experiences of caring for pregnant and postpartum women in general hospital settings: a systematic review and meta‐synthesis of qualitative data
Authors: Bayes Sara , Ewens Beverley 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo understand how nurses view and experience caring for pregnant and postpartum women in nonmaternity care settings.BackgroundA degree of apprehension is perceived to exist among nurses in relation to caring for pregnant or postpartum women in nonmaternity care settings. The nature of nonmidwife nurses’ concerns about caring for this group of women in these contexts, however, is not known.DesignA six‐step systematic approach was employed for this review.MethodsIn Step 1, the research question was developed; Step 2 involved developing the inclusion criteria for articles; the literature search strategy was devised in Step 3; Step 4 comprised the conduct of the literature search and selection of articles for review; in Step 5, the critical appraisal of selected studies and synthesis of data was undertaken; interpretation of the findings occurred in Step 6.ResultsFollowing a process of elimination, the final number of articles retained for this review was three. Fifty‐four Level 1 findings were extracted from these three articles which were subsequently collapsed into four Level 2 categories. Two Level 3 synthesised findings that characterise what is known about the topic of interest were then derived from these four Level two categories.ConclusionsNurses are reportedly ill prepared for the experience of caring for pregnant and postpartum women in general care settings. A combination of a lack of education and a need to ‘learn on the job’ reportedly evokes stress, trauma and a sense of professional inadequacy.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review identifies lack of knowledge and of adequate supervision for nurses in this context, which in turn poses a clinical risk to pregnant and postpartum women in their care. Effective strategies to establish initial and ongoing collaborative education and clinical practice guidelines are required.
Microhabitat selection for caching and use of potential landmarks for seed recovery by a neotropical rodent
Authors: Ribeiro J. F. , Vieira E. M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractScatter‐hoarding rodents may interact with the structural characteristics of their environment in several ways: by seeking dense areas inside the forest for protection during seed handling, by caching seeds close to objects that might be used as visual cues for seed recovery or by hiding themselves inside refuges such as burrows. We investigated the use of structural characteristics of the forest by a scatter‐hoarder rodent (the Azara's agouti, Dasyprocta azarae) in the Brazilian Araucaria Forest. We evaluated the selection of microhabitat characteristics for feeding or caching seeds, and the selection of potential landmarks for increasing seed recovery rates. For that, we followed threaded seeds of Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae) and also placed artificial caches in the forest. We predicted that agoutis (1) select feeding and caching sites whose microhabitat characteristics potentially enhance protection against predators, (2) hoard seeds preferentially near potential landmarks and (3) find artificial caches placed near potential landmarks more frequently than caches placed away (<0.5 m) from any landmark. As expected, agoutis significantly selected feeding and caching sites with greater herbaceous cover, closer to tree trunks, and with higher tree density compared to randomly selected sites. Considering potential landmarks, agoutis not only selected sites near to fallen logs and treelets for caching but also preferred the latter for immediate seed consumption. Moreover, seeds buried near treelets were recovered more frequently than seeds cached near fallen logs, tree trunks or exposed rocks. The proximity of potential landmarks, however, did not influence seed removal from artificial caches, suggesting that visual cues do not enhance seed location by naive foragers. Our conclusions are: (1) agoutis transport seeds to potentially safer places for immediately consuming or burying them; (2) fallen logs and treelets are potential visual cues for seed recovery; and (3) naive foragers seem to use mainly olfactory cues for seed detection.
The Wage‐Share in an Open Economy. Discussing Mexico's Experience
Authors: López G Julio , Malagamba‐Morán Ana Sofía 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTMexico's wage share in manufacturing has shown a downward trend. We discuss the main factors that have shaped this evolution during the period of 1994 to 2009 and we analyze this issue on the basis of Kalecki's theory of income distribution, but adapting to an open economy. We show that, changes in the degree of monopoly and in the composition of prime costs have had a great impact on income distribution. Further, trade opening has contributed to magnify the effect on manufacturing wage share of changes in the exchange rate.
Role of vascular reactive oxygen species in regulating cytochrome P450‐4A enzyme expression in Dahl salt‐sensitive rats
Authors: Lukaszewicz Kathleen M. , Paudyal Mahesh P. , Falck John R. , Lombard Julian H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe potential contribution of CYP4A enzymes to endothelial dysfunction in Dahl salt‐sensitive rats was determined by comparison to SS‐5BN consomic rats having chromosome 5 carrying CYP4A alleles from the BN rat introgressed into the SS genetic background.MethodsThe following experiments were performed in cerebral arteries from HS‐fed SS and SS‐5BN rats ± the SOD inhibitor DETC and/or the superoxide scavenger Tempol: (i) endothelial function was determined via video microscopy ± acute addition of the CYP4A inhibitor DDMS or Tempol; (ii) vascular oxidative stress was assessed with DHE fluorescence ± acute addition of DDMS, l‐NAME, or PEG‐SOD; and (iii) CYP4A protein levels were compared by western blotting.ResultsIn DETC‐treated SS‐5BN and HS‐fed SS rats, (i) DDMS or Tempol ameliorated vascular dysfunction, (ii) DDMS reduced vascular oxidative stress to control levels, (iii) chronic Tempol treatment reduced vascular CYP4A protein expression, and (iv) combined treatment with Tempol and l‐NAME prevented the reduction in CYP4A protein expression in MCA of HS‐fed SS rats.ConclusionThe CYP4A pathway plays a role in vascular dysfunction in SS rats and there appears to be a direct role of reduced NO availability due to salt‐induced oxidant stress in upregulating CYP4A enzyme expression.
An overview of the progress and challenges of peatland restoration in Western Europe
Authors: Andersen Roxane , Farrell Catherine , Graf Martha , Muller Francis , Calvar Emilie , Frankard Philippe , Caporn Simon , Anderson Penny 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPeatlands are the most efficient terrestrial carbon store on Earth, and deliver multiple other ecosystem services including climate regulation, water purification, preservation of ecological and archaeological records, etc. Disturbed and degraded peatlands do not provide the same ecological services and thus bear a significant cost to society. Because this cost may be alleviated by appropriate restoration measures, money is being invested in peatland restoration projects around the world. Here, we review over 25 years of restoration in Western Europe. First, we provide an overview of techniques used in different contexts and evaluate the status of the evidence base for restoration outcomes. Between 1993 and 2015, the EU‐LIFE nature programme alone invested 167.6M € in 80 projects, which aim to restore over 913 km2 of peatland habitats in Western European countries, mostly in protected sites part of the Natura 2000 EU network. This represents less than 2% of the total remaining area of peatlands in these countries, most of which have been impacted to some degree by anthropogenic disturbances. Potential for restoration should be considered in nondesignated sites. We reviewed a number of case studies covering a range of restoration approaches used in different parts of Western Europe. We found that published evidence of restoration progress was limited to specific sites/areas, and in many cases lacked baseline measurements and clear goals, that is, measurable target or contemporary reference(s). We discuss barriers and opportunities to turn the tide for peatland restoration in Western Europe and promote the establishment of robust, standardized monitoring schemes.
The New Destination Disadvantage: Disparities in Hispanic Health Insurance Coverage Rates in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan New and Established Destinations
Authors: Monnat Shannon M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHispanics have the lowest health insurance rates of any racial or ethnic group, but rates vary significantly across the United States. The unprecedented growth of the Hispanic population since 1990 in rural areas with previously small or nonexistent Hispanic populations raises questions about disparities in access to health insurance coverage. Identifying spatial disparities in Hispanic health insurance rates can illuminate the specific contexts within which Hispanics are least likely to have health care access and inform policy approaches for increasing coverage in different spatial contexts. Using county‐level data from the 2009–13 American Community Survey, I find that early new destinations (i.e., those that experienced rapid Hispanic population growth during the 1990s) have the lowest Hispanic adult health insurance coverage rates, with little variation by metropolitan status. Conversely, among the most recent new destinations that experienced significant Hispanic population growth during the first decade of the 2000s, metropolitan counties have Hispanic health insurance rates that are similar to established destinations, but rural counties have Hispanic health insurance rates that are significantly lower than those in established destinations. Findings demonstrate that the new destination disadvantage is driven entirely by higher concentrations of immigrant noncitizen Hispanics in these counties, but labor market conditions were salient drivers of the spatially uneven distribution of foreign‐born noncitizen Hispanics to new destinations, particularly in rural areas.