bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential capacity for complement receptor‐mediated immune evasion by Porphyromonas gingivalis depending on the type of innate leukocyte
Authors: Hajishengallis G. , Krauss J.L. , Jotwani R. , Lambris J.D. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe complement system plays a central role in immunity and inflammation, although certain pathogens can exploit complement to undermine protective immunity. In this context, the periodontal keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis was previously shown by our group to evade killing by neutrophils or macrophages through exploitation of complement C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) and complement receptor 3 (CR3). Here, we examined whether P. gingivalis uses complement receptors to also subvert killing by dendritic cells. In line with earlier independent studies, intracellular viable P. gingivalis bacteria could be recovered from mouse bone‐marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDC) or human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (MDDC) exposed to the pathogen. However, in the presence of C5a, the intracellular survival of P. gingivalis was significantly decreased in a C5aR1‐dependent way. Further work using wild‐type and receptor‐knockout BMDC showed that, in the presence of C3a, the C3a receptor (C3aR) similarly enhanced the intracellular killing of P. gingivalis. In contrast, C5aR2, an alternative receptor for C5a (G protein‐coupled receptor 77), was associated with increased intracellular P. gingivalis viable counts, consistent with the notion that C5aR2 functions as a negative regulator of C5aR1 activity. Moreover, P. gingivalis failed to use CR3 as a phagocytic receptor in BMDC, in contrast to our earlier findings in macrophages where CR3‐mediated uptake promotes P. gingivalis survival. Collectively, these data show that complement receptors mediate cell‐type‐specific effects on how innate leukocytes handle P. gingivalis, which appears to exploit complement to preferentially evade those cells (neutrophils and macrophages) that are most often encountered in its predominant niche, the periodontal pocket.
Health Concerns of Northeastern Pennsylvania Residents Living in an Unconventional Oil and Gas Development County
Authors: McDermott‐Levy Ruth , Garcia Victoria 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to describe the health concerns of residents of an unconventional oil and natural gas development (UOGD) community and identify methods to best disseminate health information to the residents.Design and SampleA qualitative descriptive study of 27 residents of Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, was conducted.ResultsResidents described their health concerns in terms of their changing community as a result of UOGD, their feelings of stress and powerlessness related to these changes, and the limited response of their local policymakers and protective agencies. There were indications of misinformation related to routine environmental health and UOGD environmental risks. Web‐based educational programs with downloadable printed materials to bridge the knowledge gaps of residents and health professionals are recommended.ConclusionsRecommendations include public health nurses providing education to communities and other health professionals regarding environmental health risks, working with communities to advocate for health‐protective regulations, and adopting a community‐based participatory approach to meet the needs of community members.
Apoptotic Cell Localization in Preantral and Antral Follicles in Relation to Non‐cyclic and Cyclic Gilts
Authors: Phoophitphong D , Srisuwatanasagul S , Koonjaenak S , Tummaruk P 
Published: April 2016

ContentsThe objective of this study was to determine apoptotic cell localization in preantral and antral follicles of porcine ovaries. Additionally, the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis was also compared between delayed puberty gilts and normal cyclic gilts. Ovarian tissues were obtained from 34 culled gilts with age and weight of 270.1 ± 3.9 days and 143.8 ± 2.4 kg, respectively. The gilts were classified according to their ovarian appearance as ‘non‐cyclic’ (n = 7) and ‘cyclic’ (n = 27) gilts. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay was used to determine apoptotic cell expression in different compartments of the ovarian tissue sections. All apparent preantral (n = 110) and antral (n = 262) follicles were evaluated using image analysis software. It was found that apoptotic cells were expressed in both granulosa (22.2%) and theca cell layers (21.3%) of the follicles in the porcine ovaries. The proportion of apoptotic cells in the granulosa layer in the follicles was positively correlated with that in the theca layer (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). Apoptosis did not differ significantly between preantral and antral follicles in either granulosa (27.8% and 26.4%, p > 0.05) or theca cell layers (28.6% and 26.5%, p > 0.05). The proportion of apoptotic cells in non‐cyclic gilts was higher than cyclic gilts in both granulosa (31.7% and 22.6%, p < 0.001) and theca cell layers (34.8% and 20.2%, p < 0.001). This study indicated that apoptosis of the granulosa and theca cell layers in the follicles was more pronounced in the ovarian tissue of delayed puberty gilts than cyclic gilts. This implied that apoptosis could be used as a biologic marker for follicular development/function and also that apoptosis was significantly associated with anoestrus or delayed puberty in gilts, commonly observed in tropical climates.
Rapid on‐site evaluation with the Hemacolor rapid staining method of medical thoracoscopy biopsy specimens for the management of pleural disease
Authors: Porfyridis Ilias , Georgiadis Georgios , Michael Michalis , Frangopoulos Frangiskos , Vogazianos Paris , Papadopoulos Alexis , Kara Panayiota , Charalampous Charis , Georgiou Andreas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveMedical thoracoscopy (MT) is useful for the management of pleural disease. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) of transbronchial needle aspirates proved to be useful during bronchoscopy. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ROSE of MT biopsy specimens and thoracoscopists' impression of the macroscopic appearance and assess the intermodality agreement between ROSE and final histopathologic diagnosis.MethodsSixty two patients with exudative pleural effusions further investigated with MT were enrolled. MT was performed under local anaesthesia and conscious sedation, using the rigid pleuroscope. ROSE with the Hemacolor rapid staining method of the biopsy specimens was performed. Thoracoscopists' impression of the macroscopic appearance was recorded. The final diagnosis was established following histopathological examination.ResultsThoracoscopic pleural biopsies were diagnosed in 61 patients (98.4%). Group A (n = 25) consisted of patients with malignancy and group B (n = 37) with benign disorders. Area under the curve of ROSE for the diagnosis of malignancy was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76–0.96, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 79.17%, specificity of 94.59%, diagnostic accuracy of 88.5%, positive predictive value of 90.5% and negative predictive value of 87.5%. Intermodality agreement between ROSE and histopathology was good (κ ± SE = 0.615 ± 0.084, P < 0.001). Area under the curve of the thoracoscopists' impression of macroscopic appearance was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.58–0.85, P = 0.001), with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 44.7%, positive predictive value of 53.33% and negative predictive value of 100%.ConclusionRapid on‐site evaluation during MT was found to have high accuracy for predicting malignancy. ROSE can provide the thoracoscopist with an on‐site preliminary diagnosis, especially in cases with inconclusive macroscopic appearance.
We Use Kt/V Urea as a Measure of Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Bargman Joanne M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the early days of chronic dialysis therapy, there was recognition that patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis enjoyed improvement in symptoms and signs of kidney failure similar to those receiving hemodialysis, despite slower removal rates of small solutes such as urea and creatinine. It was suggested that removal of toxic middle molecular weight solutes by the peritoneal membrane compensated for this difference. The publication of the National Cooperative Dialysis Study then focused attention on urea clearance as a significant predictor of hospitalization in hemodialysis patients. The peritoneal dialysis community made a mistake in adopting urea kinetics to the peritoneal dialysis process, while ignoring the benefits incumbent in continuous dialysis therapy and middle molecular weight solute removal. Sadly, to this day, despite the publication of many studies that have been unable to find an association between peritoneal small solute kinetics and outcome, Kt/V urea is employed as a marker of adequacy in these patients.
Dynamics of Urban Informal Labor Supply in the United States*
Authors: Gunter Samara R. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThis study provides the first panel data estimates of informal work in the United States and explores relationships between informal‐ and regular‐sector participation among urban parents of young children.MethodsI examine determinants of informal‐sector participation in five waves of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study using probit, pooled Tobit, and fixed‐effects OLS models.ResultsApproximately 53 percent of urban fathers and 32 percent of urban mothers with young children pursue informal work over a nine‐year period. Informal work most often occurs in conjunction with regular work. Workers who work in both sectors in the same year are more likely to be nonminority race, higher education (mothers only), own credit cards, and work in skilled white‐ or blue‐collar occupations. Workers who ever participate in only the informal sector are more likely to be younger, to have health limitations, and to have never worked in the regular sector. Informal participation spells are shorter than regular‐sector participation spells and are associated with changes in regular‐sector participation and occupation but not most other life events.ConclusionConsistent with past work, informal work among parents of young children is widespread across socioeconomic groups. Transitions in and out of the informal sector are strongly related to changes in regular‐sector employment and occupation. The results suggest that regular‐sector participation provides access to informal work opportunities.
External Arguments and Dative Cliticization: Evidence of Selective Spell‐out of Functional Heads
Authors: Roos Mikko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe paper discusses dative cliticization in Modern Greek in passives and unaccusatives. Based on crosslinguistic evidence, I show that dative cliticization is not implicated in movement operations that violate the Minimal Link Condition (MLC). Instead, the observed cliticization patterns exhaustively reduce to the effects of a generalized form of a Doubly Filled Comp Filter. In particular, I show applicative morphemes can be selectively overt also in Indo‐European languages like Greek and that the selective spell‐out of these morphemes positively correlates with the absence of external arguments (Spec,vP). The discussion posits an incremental spell‐out pattern for complex terminals and highlights the reality of head movement as a syntactic operation. The paper also revisits the claim that clitics constitute a heterogeneous class of items and that their morphosyntactic properties might depend on the transitivity/voice of the hosting predicate.
Clumped isotope composition of marbles from the Backbone Range of Taiwan
Authors: Laskar Amzad H. , Yui Tzen‐Fu , Liang Mao‐Chang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe clumped isotope composition of carbonates provides a new way to retrieve temperatures for ancient geological systems without knowing the isotopic compositions of co‐existing fluid/minerals. The application of this new thermometer in the past decade, however, has been largely restricted to low‐temperature (<~250 °C) geological processes. In this study, we present clumped isotope analyses for marbles collected from the Backbone Range of Taiwan, which has been subjected to greenschist facies metamorphism during the ongoing arc–continent collision. We find that the ∆47 temperatures either indicate temperatures of the last dynamic open‐system recrystallization of marbles due to tectonic movement/stress or signify closed‐system closure temperatures during rock exhumation, demonstrating that clumped information from marbles has great potential for revealing process characteristics during mountain building.
C1q‐binding anti‐HLA antibodies do not predict platelet transfusion failure in Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets study participants
Authors: Jackman Rachael P. , Lee Jar‐How , Pei Rui , Bolgiano Douglas , Lebedeva Mila , Slichter Sherrill J. , Norris Philip J. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDIn the Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP) study, 101 of 530 subjects became clinically refractory (CR) to platelets (PLTs) without lymphocytotoxicity assay (LCA)‐detectable anti‐HLA antibodies. The LCA only detects complement‐binding antibodies and is less sensitive than newer assays. Utilizing a more sensitive bead‐based assay that does not distinguish between complement‐binding versus non–complement‐binding antibodies, we have previously shown that while many LCA‐negative (LCA–) patients do have anti‐HLA antibodies, these low‐ to moderate‐level antibodies do not predict refractoriness. As complement can contribute to PLT rejection, we assessed if previously undetected complement‐binding antibodies account for refractoriness among LCA– patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSamples from 169 LCA– (69 CR, 100 non‐CR) and 20 LCA‐positive (LCA+; 10 CR, 10 non‐CR) subjects were selected from the TRAP study serum repository. Anti‐Class I HLA immunoglobulin (Ig)G and C1q‐binding antibodies were measured in serum or plasma with bead‐based detection assays. Levels of C1q‐binding antibodies were compared between CR and non‐CR subjects and correlated with corrected count increments (CCIs).RESULTSWhile some of the LCA– subjects had detectable C1q‐binding anti‐Class I HLA antibodies, and some LCA+ subjects did not, levels were significantly higher among LCA+ subjects. C1q‐binding anti‐Class I HLA antibody levels did not differ significantly between CR and non‐CR among either the LCA– or the LCA+ subjects. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation observed between CCIs and either C1q‐binding or any anti‐HLA IgG antibodies.CONCLUSIONSThis work confirms that low‐ to moderate‐level anti‐Class I antibodies do not drive PLT rejection, suggesting a role for antibody‐independent mechanisms.
Red blood cell alloimmunization in transfused patients with bone marrow failure syndromes
Authors: Cohen Devin , Hartung Helge , Evans Perry , Friedman David F. , Chou Stella T. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDRed blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization is a concern for patients who receive multiple or chronic transfusions. Alloimmunization prevalence in transfused patients with bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFS) is unknown. This study aimed to determine physician practice for RBC antigen matching, immunization rates, and antibody specificities in patients with BMFS.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe clinical records of all patients with BMFS seen at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 2001 and 2015 were reviewed. Immunization rate was determined per 100 units transfused.RESULTSABO/D, C, E, and K (CEK) RBC matching was requested for 21.8% of patients. A total of 3782 RBC units were transfused to 87 patients, of which 2551 (67.5%) were CEK matched and 1231 (32.5%) were ABO/D only matched. The majority of units transfused to patients on a chronic transfusion regimen were CEK matched (89.6% of 2728 units). No anti‐C, ‐E, or ‐K antibodies formed in any patient during the 14‐year study period. Two alloantibodies and two autoantibodies formed, resulting in a rate of 0.05 alloantibodies and 0.05 autoantibodies per 100 units transfused. The prevalence of alloimmunization was 2.3%.CONCLUSIONThe rate and prevalence of RBC alloimmunization were low in patients with BMFS. CEK matching avoided alloimmunization to these antigens in chronically transfused patients.
Evaluation of canine red blood cell quality after processing with an automated cell salvage device
Authors: Hofbauer Nina , Windberger Ursula , Schwendenwein Ilse , Tichy Alexander , Eberspächer Eva 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the properties of RBC concentrate harvested after processing fresh whole blood units from healthy dogs with an automated cell salvage device.DesignProspective, in vitro, experimental study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSixteen healthy, privately owned dogs of various breeds.InterventionsFresh canine whole blood collected in bags with citrate phosphate dextrose adenine solution was processed with an automated cell salvage device and analyzed in vitro. Laboratory values determined before (baseline, from a catheter sample) and after processing RBCs (procRBCs) included a complete blood count, selected blood chemistry analytes, erythrocyte osmotic resistance, whole blood viscosity, RBC aggregation, and RBC deformability.Measurements and Main ResultsTotal recovery of RBCs was 80% ± 12%. Hematocrit of the procRBCs yielded by the device was 77% ± 3.7% (mean ± standard deviation). Gross morphology of the RBCs remained unchanged. The mean corpuscular volume, erythrocyte osmotic resistance, RBC deformability, RBC aggregation, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase showed minor but statistically significant changes from baseline. No differences in the concentrations of free hemoglobin were observed. Whole blood viscosity was less in the procRBCs. Seventy‐seven percent (mean) of the platelets were washed out, while a mean of 57% of the leukocytes remained in the procRBCs.ConclusionsAlthough processing canine blood with this automated cell salvage device leads to slight changes in some properties of RBCs, most of these changes are comparable to changes seen in human blood after processing. Present data indicate that the use of this cell salvage device does not induce changes in canine RBC concentrate that would preclude its use for transfusion.
Evaluation of PaO2/FiO2and SaO2/FiO2ratios in postoperative dogs recovering on room air or nasal oxygen insufflation
Authors: Carver Andy , Bragg Ryan , Sullivan Lauren 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fractional percentage of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) and SaO2/FiO2ratios (where SaO2is percentage of oxyhemoglobin saturation in arterial blood), and the correlation between PaO2/FiO2and SaO2/FiO2, in healthy dogs recovering postoperatively on room air versus nasal oxygen insufflation.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsNineteen dogs.Measurements and Main ResultsMedical records were retrospectively evaluated for data from a previous prospective study of dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy, subsequently randomized to receive 100 mL/kg/min of nasal oxygen insufflation (estimated 37% FiO2,n= 9) or room air (estimated 21% FiO2,n= 10) for 2 hours postoperatively. Baseline information was obtained 1 hour intraoperatively, followed by three postoperative time points (10, 60, and 120 min). Data recorded for each time point included FiO2, PaO2, SaO2, PaO2/FiO2, SaO2/FiO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2), rectal temperature, and arterial blood pH. The PaO2/FiO2in dogs recovering on supplemental oxygen was significantly higher compared to dogs recovering on room air (516 ± 28 vs. 359 ± 10,P< 0.0001), whereas the SaO2/FiO2ratio in dogs recovering on supplemental oxygen was significantly lower compared to dogs recovering on room air (268 ± 0.5 versus 448 ± 1.4,P< 0.0001). The PaO2/FiO2and SaO2/FiO2ratios demonstrated excellent correlation for both groups at each postoperative time point. In dogs breathing room air, PaO2/FiO2and SaO2/FiO2correlation coefficients were 0.90, 0.95, and 0.93 (P< 0.001). In dogs receiving supplemental oxygen, PaO2/FiO2and SaO2/FiO2correlation coefficients were 0.94, 0.93, and 0.90 (P< 0.001).ConclusionsIn this population of postoperative dogs breathing either room air or with nasal oxygen insufflation, PaO2/FiO2and SaO2/FiO2had excellent correlation. Further evaluation into the correlation between SaO2/FiO2or pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO2)/FiO2with PaO2/FiO2in both healthy dogs, and dogs with pulmonary dysfunction is warranted.
Cellular electrophysiological principles that modulate secretion from synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Clark R. B. , Schmidt T. A. , Sachse F. B. , Boyle D. , Firestein G. S. , Giles W. R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive disease that affects both pediatric and adult populations. The cellular basis for RA has been investigated extensively using animal models, human tissues and isolated cells in culture. However, many aspects of its aetiology and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Some of the electrophysiological principles that regulate secretion of essential lubricants (hyaluronan and lubricin) and cytokines from synovial fibroblasts have been identified. Data sets describing the main types of ion channels that are expressed in human synovial fibroblast preparations have begun to provide important new insights into the interplay among: (i) ion fluxes, (ii) Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, (iii) intercellular coupling, and (iv) both transient and longer duration changes in synovial fibroblast membrane potential. A combination of this information, knowledge of similar patterns of responses in cells that regulate the immune system, and the availability of adult human synovial fibroblasts are likely to provide new pathophysiological insights.
Forensic Examination and Failure Analysis of a 220-MVA Step-Up Transformer Fire
Authors: Ibrahim Zuhair , Stepan Jeremiah , Reza Ali , Slee Daren 
Published: April 2016

The paper presents the results of investigation and engineering analysis by Exponent of the failure of a 220-MVA generator step-up transformer in Southern California. The incident was caused by a dielectric breakdown from the high-side C-phase bushing to the side wall of the transformer. The ensuing fire continued for 27 hrs, fueled by approximately 11,000 gal of dielectric HYTRANS 61 oil. The paper will discuss the investigation conducted as per the IEEE C57.125 “Guide for Failure Investigation, Documentation, and Analysis for Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors,” [1] and the engineering review and analysis to identify the likely failure scenario(s).