bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry of Plasma Flow in Jupiter's Middle Magnetosphere Observed by Juno
Authors: Wang Jian‐Zhao , Bagenal Fran , Wilson Robert J. , Nerney Edward , Ebert Robert W. , Valek Philip W. , Allegrini Frederic , Szalay Jamey R. , Delamere Peter A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBased on plasma observations from Juno's Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment instrument and forward modeling, we investigate the dawn‐dusk asymmetries within Jupiter's magnetosphere between 10 and 40 . On the dawnside, the flux tubes are depleted characterized by low density and near rigid‐corotation velocity, with a low temperature and thin plasma sheet. On the duskside, the flux tubes are assimilated characterized by high density and sub‐corotation velocity, with a hotter and thicker plasma sheet. Super‐corotating hot inflows originating from reconnection events are identified in the pre‐dawn sector. These observations are consistent with the Vasyliūnas cycle, suggesting it operates in a region closer to Jupiter than previous studies suggested. Outflows are locally coupled with swept‐back magnetic fields and are frequently observed near midnight. Inflows are locally coupled with swept‐forward fields with higher temperatures. The discernible temperature difference between inflows and outflows reveals their distinct origins. Plasma beta increases with radial distance, suggesting increased instabilities at larger distances.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Electromagnetic and Quasi‐Electrostatic Magnetosonic Waves
Authors: Zhou Yaxiong , Gao Yang , Gao Zhonglei , Liu Si , Yang Hongming , Shi Chen , Yang Qiwu , Tang Jiawen , Wang Bowen , Xiao Fuliang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMagnetosonic (MS) waves usually manifest as electromagnetic fluctuations, while quasi‐electrostatic magnetosonic (QEMS) waves have been recently reported. Here we present an intriguing coexistence of low harmonic electromagnetic magnetosonic (EMMS) waves and QEMS waves within the same band. Ion Bernstein instabilities are calculated based on the observed proton distribution. Effective growth rates can occur in the first‐fourth harmonic bands with a broad wave number range when the wave normal angle is sufficiently large. In each harmonic band, the MS waves would transform from electromagnetic to electrostatic as the wave number increases. This study reveals that the simultaneous occurrence of EMMS and QEMS arises from the expansive excitation range of MS waves in ‐space, thereby implying the potential resonant interactions between MS and particles in a broad energy spectrum.
Factors Controlling Mud Floc Settling Velocity in a Highly Turbid Macrotidal Fluvial‐Estuarine System
Authors: Defontaine Sophie , Jalón‐Rojas Isabel , Sottolichio Aldo , Gratiot Nicolas , Legout Cédric , Lienart Camilla 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study assesses the settling dynamics of suspended sediments along the hyper‐turbid Gironde Garonne fluvial‐estuarine system, with an innovative optical SCAF instrument (System of Characterization of Aggregates and Flocs). Two fields campaigns were carried out to determine the settling velocity and properties of suspended sediments during a semi‐diurnal tidal cycle, as well as hydrodynamic conditions and water properties. The two sampling stations were representative of two regions: a tidal river dominated by fresh water and an estuary affected by salty or brackish waters. A high spatial variability of the settling velocity was observed along the fluvial‐estuarine system and vertically along the water column. Settling velocities ranged from 0.02 to 0.4 mm/s. This study confirms that in hyper‐turbid systems, the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is predominantly driving the settling dynamics of suspended sediment. Threshold concentrations have been defined for the flocculation and hindered regimes where the settling velocity may vary by one order of magnitude. Although in natural environments it is difficult to distinguish between the effects of SSC and turbulence (as they are correlated), in the Gironde‐Garonne system the turbulent shear G seems to affect the settling of suspended sediment to a lower extent. Settling velocity variations cannot be directly correlated to salinity or organic matter content. Despite differences in hydrodynamic and environmental conditions in fluvial and estuarine regions, a common prediction law has been found to estimate settling velocity of suspended sediment as a function of suspended sediment concentration.
Paleobotanical Evidence for Mediterranean Climates in the Western Canadian Paleoarctic During the Late Middle Eocene
Authors: West Christopher K. , Reichgelt Tammo , Reyes Alberto V. , Buryak Serhiy D. , Staniszewska Kasia J. , Basinger James F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPaleogene age deposits east of the Fifteenmile River, northwest of Dawson City, Yukon, Canada preserve a diverse high‐latitude fossil flora. Here, we provide new data on the age of the fossil site based on laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U‐Pb dating of tephra zircons, paleobotanical paleoclimate reconstructions, and growing season length estimates based on photoperiod. These new data indicate an age of the Fifteenmile River fossil locality as late middle Eocene and likely within the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum episode. The paleoflora‐based paleoclimate reconstruction indicates the region was relatively wet and warm with non‐freezing winters, but also experienced seasonal dryness, with an approximate 7 months long growing season as suggested by photoperiod. We interpret this paleoclimate as summer dry and winter wet—a climate analogous to modern day warm Mediterranean climates in the Köppen‐Geiger climate classification system. These findings provide a new perspective on the past climate and environment of high‐latitude ecosystems during warm greenhouse intervals and contribute to our understanding of the Earth's climate history and its potential future changes.
A Novel Theoretical Method for Upscaling Permeability in Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments
Authors: Gao Xiwei , Lei Gang , Zhao Yingjie , Liao Qinzhuo , Ning Fulong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe accurate prediction of Darcy‐scale permeability (absolute permeability and gas‐water relative permeability) of hydrate‐bearing sediments (HBS) plays a crucial role in assessing reservoir potential and optimizing recovery strategies. However, the challenges of field coring, the rigorous conditions encountered in laboratory permeability tests, and the multi‐scale pore structure characteristics of HBS complicate the understanding of the relationship between pore structures and Darcy‐scale permeability of HBS. In this study, we propose an innovative upscaling method that integrates flow properties of typical regions, such as coarse, medium, and fine regions, to predict the Darcy‐scale permeability of HBS from the pore‐scale. This method considers two hydrate habits (pore‐filling and grain‐coating hydrates), heterogeneity and anisotropy of HBS, and multi‐scale pore structures. Taking the absolute permeability of hydrate‐free sediments in the y direction for example, the permeability values for the fine region, the medium region, the coarse region, and the equivalent HBS are 9.43 D, 13.59 D, 18.87 D, and 14.06 D, respectively. Thus, the predicted permeability (14.06 D) is much closer to the experimental data (15.44 D), which validates the efficacy of our upscaling method in estimating Darcy‐scale permeability. Moreover, the characteristics of our predicted Darcy‐scale permeability align with those reported in previous literature. This approach introduces a groundbreaking perspective for predicting permeability in HBS from pore‐scale to Darcy‐scale. It offers essential insights into predicting permeability in HBS while effectively preserving the impact of pore‐scale structural variations caused by local heterogeneity and facilitating numerical simulations of gas production from hydrate reservoirs.
Multi-omics profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression alterations in human cocaine use disorder
Authors: Zillich Eric , Belschner Hanna , Avetyan Diana , Andrade-Brito Diego , Martínez-Magaña José Jaime , Frank Josef , Mechawar Naguib , Turecki Gustavo , Cabana-Domínguez Judit , Fernàndez-Castillo Noèlia , Cormand Bru , Montalvo-Ortiz Janitza L. , Nöthen Markus M. , Hansson Anita C. , Rietschel Marcella , Spanagel Rainer , Witt Stephanie H. , Zillich Lea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStructural and functional changes of the brain are assumed to contribute to excessive cocaine intake, craving, and relapse in cocaine use disorder (CUD). Epigenetic and transcriptional changes were hypothesized as a molecular basis for CUD-associated brain alterations. Here we performed a multi-omics study of CUD by integrating epigenome-wide methylomic (N = 42) and transcriptomic (N = 25) data from the same individuals using postmortem brain tissue of Brodmann Area 9 (BA9). Of the N = 1 057 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05), one gene, ZFAND2A, was significantly upregulated in CUD at transcriptome-wide significance (q < 0.05). Differential alternative splicing (AS) analysis revealed N = 98 alternatively spliced transcripts enriched in axon and dendrite extension pathways. Strong convergent overlap in CUD-associated expression deregulation was found between our BA9 cohort and independent replication datasets. Epigenomic, transcriptomic, and AS changes in BA9 converged at two genes, ZBTB4 and INPP5E. In pathway analyses, synaptic signaling, neuron morphogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism emerged as the most prominently deregulated biological processes. Drug repositioning analysis revealed glucocorticoid receptor targeting drugs as most potent in reversing the CUD expression profile. Our study highlights the value of multi-omics approaches for an in-depth molecular characterization and provides insights into the relationship between CUD-associated epigenomic and transcriptomic signatures in the human prefrontal cortex.
Hypoxia-induced DTL promotes the proliferation, metastasis, and sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SLTM and subsequent Notch pathway activation
Authors: Chen Zi-Xiong , Mu Mao-Yuan , Yang Guang , Qi Han , Fu Xiao-Bo , Wang Gui-Song , Jiang Wei-Wei , Huang Bi-Jun , Gao Fei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDenticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (DTL), the substrate receptor of the CRL4A complex, plays a central role in genome stability. Even though the oncogenic function of DTL has been investigated in several cancers, its specific role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still needs further elucidation. Data from a clinical cohort (n = 209), RNA-sequencing, and public database (TCGA and GEO) were analyzed, indicating that DTL is closely related to patient prognosis and could serve as a promising prognostic indicator in HCC. Functionally, DTL promoted the proliferation, metastasis, and sorafenib resistance of HCC in vitro. In the orthotopic tumor transplantation and tail vein injection model, DTL promoted the growth and metastasis of HCC in vivo. Mechanically, we revealed for the first time that DTL was transcriptionally activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) under hypoxia and functioned as a downstream effector molecule of HIF-1α. DTL promotes the ubiquitination of SAFB-like transcription modulator (SLTM) and subsequently relieves the transcriptional repression of Notch1. These results suggested that DTL may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
CRISPR-edited human ES-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells improve remyelination in rodents
Authors: Wagstaff Laura J. , Bestard-Cuche Nadine , Kaczmarek Maja , Fidanza Antonella , McNeil Lorraine , Franklin Robin J. M. , Williams Anna C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn Multiple Sclerosis (MS), inflammatory demyelinated lesions in the brain and spinal cord lead to neurodegeneration and progressive disability. Remyelination can restore fast saltatory conduction and neuroprotection but is inefficient in MS especially with increasing age, and is not yet treatable with therapies. Intrinsic and extrinsic inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) function contributes to remyelination failure, and we hypothesised that the transplantation of ‘improved’ OPCs, genetically edited to overcome these obstacles, could improve remyelination. Here, we edit human(h) embryonic stem cell-derived OPCs to be unresponsive to a chemorepellent released from chronic MS lesions, and transplant them into rodent models of chronic lesions. Edited hOPCs display enhanced migration and remyelination compared to controls, regardless of the host age and length of time post-transplant. We show that genetic manipulation and transplantation of hOPCs overcomes the negative environment inhibiting remyelination, with translational implications for therapeutic strategies for people with progressive MS.
Defining quality by quantifying degradation in the mechanical recycling of polyethylene
Authors: Patel Arpan D. , Schyns Zoé O. G. , Franklin Thomas W. , Shaver Michael P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyolefins have a multitude of uses across packaging, automotive and construction sectors. Their resistance to degradation during reprocessing enables recyclability, but variability in recycled polymer feedstocks renders it difficult to assure their manufacturing suitability. The lack of quality control methods has disabled circular economy pathways; product failure is costly, wasteful and time-intensive. Using rheology-simulated and extrusion-based recycling experiments, we explore the degradation pathways of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Chain scission dominates during the initial degradation of HDPE, and increasing exposure to O2 shifts the dominant mechanism to long-chain branching. Importantly, extending this method to post-consumer recyclate (PCR), the results show potential as a methodology to assess recyclate quality to enable a circular plastics economy. In this study, we establish the validity of this rheology simulation to define a characteristic degradation parameter, relating it to the structural evolution under different environments defined for virgin HDPE and post-consumer recyclate (PCR).
DERCo: A Dataset for Human Behaviour in Reading Comprehension Using EEG
Authors: Quach Boi Mai , Gurrin Cathal , Healy Graham 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces the DERCo (Dublin EEG-based Reading Experiment Corpus), a language resource combining electroencephalography (EEG) and next-word prediction data obtained from participants reading narrative texts. The dataset comprises behavioral data collected from 500 participants recruited through the Amazon Mechanical Turk online crowd-sourcing platform, along with EEG recordings from 22 healthy adult native English speakers. The online experiment was designed to examine the context-based word prediction by a large sample of participants, while the EEG-based experiment was developed to extend the validation of behavioral next-word predictability. Online participants were instructed to predict upcoming words and complete entire stories. Cloze probabilities were then calculated for each word so that this predictability measure could be used to support various analyses pertaining to semantic context effects in the EEG recordings. EEG-based analyses revealed significant differences between high and low predictable words, demonstrating one important type of potential analysis that necessitates close integration of these two datasets. This material is a valuable resource for researchers in neurolinguistics due to the word-level EEG recordings in context.
The effect of attentional bias modification on positive affect dynamics
Authors: Kraft Brage , Bø Ragnhild , Harmer Catherine J. , Landrø Nils Inge 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNegative attentional bias and alterations in positive affect dynamics constitute emotional vulnerability to depression. Attentional bias modification (ABM) aims to reduce emotional vulnerability to depression by fostering attentional deployment towards positive stimuli. In this randomized controlled trial, we examined whether ABM leads to changes in positive affect dynamics in a sample with an emotional vulnerability to depression (N = 65). Affect dynamics were measured based on experience sampling data gathered 14 days before and after ABM. During ABM, participants paid attention to pairs of emotional faces and responded to dots that were appearing in their place. There was an 87% chance for the dots to appear in place of the relatively more positive face, with the purpose to implicitly foster attentional focus on positive stimuli. In the control condition, there was a 50% chance of the dots to appear in place of the positive stimuli. Results showed that the lag-1 autocorrelation of affect (“inertia”) increased within the ABM group and decreased in the control group, but the findings were not robust and it was unclear whether ABM was the cause. There were no changes in the other affect dynamics indices. Improvements in depression during ABM were not associated with changes in affect dynamics, and affect dynamics post ABM did not predict depression symptoms six months later. In conclusion, the study showed no clear effect of ABM on affect dynamics.
A criterion for selecting the appropriate one from the trained models for model‐based offline policy evaluation
Authors: Li Chongchong , Wang Yue , Ma Zhi‐Ming , Liu Yuting 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOffline policy evaluation, evaluating and selecting complex policies for decision‐making by only using offline datasets is important in reinforcement learning. At present, the model‐based offline policy evaluation (MBOPE) is widely welcomed because of its easy to implement and good performance. MBOPE directly approximates the unknown value of a given policy using the Monte Carlo method given the estimated transition and reward functions of the environment. Usually, multiple models are trained, and then one of them is selected to be used. However, a challenge remains in selecting an appropriate model from those trained for further use. The authors first analyse the upper bound of the difference between the approximated value and the unknown true value. Theoretical results show that this difference is related to the trajectories generated by the given policy on the learnt model and the prediction error of the transition and reward functions at these generated data points. Based on the theoretical results, a new criterion is proposed to tell which trained model is better suited for evaluating the given policy. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed criterion is demonstrated on both benchmark and synthetic offline datasets.
Ultra‐high‐dimensional multi‐level optimisation strategies for electrical machines
Authors: Liu Chengcheng , Zhang Shiwei , Zhang Hongming , Wang Youhua , Liu Lin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectrical machine optimisation is normally a high‐dimensional non‐linear multi‐objective optimisation problem. A multi‐level optimisation (MO) strategy is currently used to improve efficiency, where sensitivity analysis is required for dividing design parameters into different groups. However, the conventional MO strategy cannot handle ultra‐high‐dimensional optimisation problems. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis method with variable weighted intervals is proposed to calculate the sensitivity coefficient in the parameter design range. Moreover, three improved multi‐level optimisation strategies based on different optimisation algorithms, sequential sensitivity strategies, and machine learning models are proposed, analysed, and compared with the conventional MO strategy. Through a case study of a synchronous reluctance machine, it can be seen that the proposed optimisation strategies can improve the optimisation results and efficiency of ultra‐high‐dimensional optimisation of electrical machines.
A review on model predictive control strategies for AC motor drives
Authors: Li Chen , Meng Qinghui , Shi Tingna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, model predictive control (MPC) has been widely used in AC motor drives. Although a series of improved MPC strategies have been proposed, researchers are still seeking more effective solutions for different application backgrounds and application requirements to achieve the goals such as algorithm simplification, weighting factor design, parameter robustness enhancement, current/torque ripple suppression, and so on. In this paper, aiming at the above problems, the MPC strategy and its optimisation technology for AC motor drive system are comprehensively reviewed. Firstly, this paper introduces the classical MPC technology with the permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system fed by two‐level voltage source inverter as the control object. Secondly, this paper introduces and discusses the existing MPC optimisation methods from the aspects of current/torque ripple suppression, algorithm simplification, weight factor design and parameter robustness enhancement. Finally, based on the current industrial development requirements for AC motor drive systems and the research status of MPC optimisation methods in the existing literature, the current challenges and future trends of MPC technology are discussed.
A secure blockchain framework for healthcare records management systems
Authors: Al‐Khasawneh Mahmoud Ahmad , Faheem Muhammad , Alarood Ala Abdulsalam , Habibullah Safa , Alzahrani Abdulrahman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectronic health records are one of the essential components of health organizations. In recent years, there have been increased concerns about privacy and reputation regarding the storage and use of patient information. In this regard, the information provided as a part of medical and health insurance, for instance, can be viewed as proof of social insurance and governance. Several problems in the past few decades regarding medical information management have threatened patient information privacy. In intelligent healthcare applications, the privacy of patients' data is one of the main concerns. As a result, blockchain is a severe necessity as it can enhance transparency and security in medical applications. Accordingly, this paper uses the design science method to propose a secure blockchain framework for healthcare records management systems. The proposed framework comprises five components: a blockchain network, smart contracts, privacy key management, data encryption, and integration with healthcare information technology. In the proposed framework, healthcare organizations can manage healthcare information securely and privately. Additionally, a secure storage system for electronic records is proposed to meet these organizations' needs. It provides security and privacy for healthcare organizations, especially when managing healthcare information, and also proposes a secure storage system for electronic records to meet the needs of the organizations.
Colloidal particles as noise source for random number generation
Authors: Scholz Alexander , Arya Pooja , Aghassi-Hagmann Jasmin 
Published: October 2024

In this work, we investigate colloidal particle patterns as a possible noise source for random number generation. We systematically analyze the minimum entropy of the noise source over different particle concentrations of {1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15} mg/ml according to the recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-90B. The estimated minimum entropy of the non-independent and identically distributed particle pattern noise source is Hmin = 0.5896/1 bit at a particle amount of 5 mg/ml. For further entropy extraction on the noise source data, the secure hash algorithm is used to construct an entropy source. The randomness of the derived entropy source is verified according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-22 Rev. 1a and the accompanying statistical test suite. The entropy source passes all randomness tests of the statistical test suite and shows an estimated minimum entropy of Hmin = 0.9992/1 bit.