bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypolipidemic Activity of Peony Seed Oil Rich in α‐Linolenic, is Mediated Through Inhibition of Lipogenesis and Upregulation of Fatty Acid β‐Oxidation
Authors: Su Jianhui , Ma Chaoyang , Liu Chengxiang , Gao Chuanzhong , Nie Rongjing , Wang Hongxin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPeony seed oil (PSO) is a new resource food rich in α‐Linolenic Acid(ALA) (38.66%). The objective of this study was to assess the modulatory effect of PSO on lipid metabolism. Lard oil, safflower oil (SFO), and PSO were fed to wistar rats with 1% cholesterol in the diet for 60 d. Serum and liver lipids showed significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels in PSO fed rats compared to lard oil and SFO fed rats. ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), contents were significantly increased, whereas linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA) levels decreased in serum and liver of PSO fed rats. Feeding PSO increased ALA level and decreased n‐6 to n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio. The hypolipidemic result of PSO indicated that PSO participated in the regulation of plasma lipid concentration and cholesterol metabolism in liver. The decreased expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins 1C (SREBP‐1c), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS)‐reduced lipid synthesis; Activation of peroxisome proliferator–activator receptor (PPARα) accompanied by increase of uncoupling protein2 (UP2) and acyl‐CoA oxidase (AOX) stimulated lipid metabolism and exerted an antiobesity effect via increasing energy expenditure for prevention of obesity.
Transmission of Grapevine virus A and Grapevine leafroll‐associated viruses 1 and 3 by Planococcus ficus and Planococcus citri fed on mixed‐infected plants
Authors: Bertin S. , Pacifico D. , Cavalieri V. , Marzachì C. , Bosco D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Grapevine virus A (GVA) and Grapevine leafroll‐associated viruses 1 and 3 (GLRaV‐1 and GLRaV‐3) are associated with grapevine diseases that induce severe reductions in yield and berry quality. These three viruses are known to coexist in both grapevine and insect vectors, but their cotransmission has been poorly characterised so far. This study investigates the acquisition and transmission of GLRaV‐1, GLRaV‐3 and GVA by Planococcus ficus and Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) following feeding on multiple‐infected plants. The retention and load of the three viruses in the two insect species were analysed. After feeding onto GVA, GLRaV‐1 and GLRaV‐3 mixed‐infected grapevines, nymphs of P. ficus and P. citri showed similar virus acquisition rates and retained low quantities of viruses until the third post‐acquisition day. Despite the similar acquisition patterns, the two vectors differed in transmission efficiency: P. ficus showed a higher efficiency in transmitting GVA and GLRaV‐3, whereas P. citri transmitted GLRaV‐1 more efficiently. When focusing on the virus cotransmission, it appears that GVA could be transmitted to grapevine without GLRaV‐1 and/or GLRaV‐3 and that the transmission of both GLRaVs could take place in the absence of GVA. This comparative study involving different viruses and vector species improves the current knowledge of the semi‐persistent transmission of these three viruses and contributes to the understanding of grapevine virus epidemiology.
Predicting free‐roaming cat population densities in urban areas
Authors: Flockhart D. T. T. , Norris D. R. , Coe J. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough free‐roaming cats can have a significant impact on the environment, and substantial resources have been invested to find humane alternatives for managing free‐roaming cat populations, there are no empirical estimates of free‐roaming cat population size in medium to large cities. In addition, little is known about factors limiting free‐roaming cat population size and distribution. Using Guelph, ON, Canada (pop: 120 000; 86.7 km2) as a case‐study, we apply replicated distance transect sampling and likelihood‐based hierarchical modelling to compare human‐mediated landscape patterns of land use, distance to roads, distance to wooded areas, building density and socio‐economic status to explain the abundance of free‐roaming cats. We then derive an empirical estimate of total population size and present a spatially explicit prediction of free‐roaming cat density across an entire city. Cat abundance was highest in residential areas and lowest in commercial and institutional areas, negatively related to median household income, and positively related to distance from woods and building density. Total population size was estimated to be 7662 (95% bootstrap CI: 6145–9966) for Guelph; free‐roaming cat density varied from 0 to 49.4 cats per ha. Our estimate overlapped with an independent estimate of indoor‐outdoor cats (11 927; 95% CI: 6361–20 989) derived from random surveys of city residents, which implies our distance transect methodology was relatively robust and unbiased. Our approach used simple geographical information that is readily available for most urban areas in North America and can be applied broadly to inform cat management in urban areas. Finally, our results suggest that free‐roaming cat density in cities could be determined by bottom‐up processes (e.g. enhanced food availability in residential areas) as well as top‐down processes (e.g. enhanced susceptibility to coyote predation near wooded areas) which are typically reserved to explain wildlife populations in natural environments.
Changing patterns in paediatric optic atrophy aetiology: 1979 to 2015
Authors: Zheng Linda , Do Helen Hyun‐Jin , Sandercoe Trent , Jamieson Robyn V , Grigg John R 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the aetiology of paediatric optic atrophy in an Australian population.DesignRetrospective review of medical records was conducted at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsTwo hundred twenty‐seven subjects <16 years who were diagnosed with optic atrophy on fundoscopic examination between 1979 and 2015 were included in the study.MethodsSubjects were obtained from the hospital database, which codes diagnoses for all admissions, as well as the orthoptic department database, which codes diagnoses for ophthalmology department outpatients.Main Outcome MeasuresThe predominant cause for optic atrophy was assigned to each patient. Clinical presentation was defined as the principal reason for evaluation. Demographic data included gender, affected eye and age at diagnosis. Data on medical comorbidities (cerebral palsy, developmental delay, microcephaly and seizures) and ocular comorbidities (strabismus and nystagmus) were collected.ResultsThe mean age at initial eye review was 4.7 ± 4.4 years. There was bilateral optic atrophy in 81.5% of cases. Unilateral optic atrophy was largely due to tumours. When analysing over the three time periods, (1979–1990, 1991–2003 and 2004–2015), perinatal events (3.0%, 22.7% and 22.6%) and neurodegenerative disease (3.0%, 14.9% and 15.1%) are slowly replacing tumours (39.4%, 24.8% and 15.1%) as the top causes for paediatric optic atrophy. The incidence of other causes has remained fairly stable over time, albeit an increase in idiopathic causes.ConclusionsThere has been shift in the etiological profile of optic atrophy. Whilst tumours are still an important cause of paediatric optic atrophy for an Australian population, perinatal events and neurodegenerative disease are becoming more significant.
The influence of three different apical implant designs at stability and osseointegration process: experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Gehrke Sergio A. , Pérez‐Albacete Martínez Carlos , Piattelli Adriano , Shibli Jamil A. , Markovic Aleksa , Calvo Guirado José L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform a histomorphometric and biomechanical comparison of three implants with different designs of the apical area to promote a better bone initial stability and its correlation with the osseointegration.Material and methodsFifty‐four tapered implants with same length, diameter and surface properties but with three different apical configurations (Group I: MK4: Group II: C1 and Group III: MK7) were inserted in the tibia of rabbits. Implant stability and bone formation were evaluated by resonance frequency analysis measured at 0, 6, 8 and 12 weeks and by histomorphometric analysis performed at 6, 8 and 12 weeks.ResultsStatistical test to compare the stability through the implant stability quotient in the four times showed few differences between the groups and time periods proposed, with significance set at P < 0.05. In the bone–implant contact, by comparing the groups in the three times proposed, it was possible concluded that there is a similar behavior among the three implant design (P < 0.05).ConclusionWith the limitations of this animal study, it can be concluded that the design of the apical area influences the implant stability and the bone‐to‐implant contact.
Stem cell therapy: a promising biological strategy for tendon–bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Hao Zi‐Chen , Wang Shan‐Zheng , Zhang Xue‐Jun , Lu Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTendon–bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a complex process, impacting significantly on patients' prognosis. Natural tendon–bone healing usually results in fibrous scar tissue, which is of inferior quality compared to native attachment. In addition, the early formed fibrous attachment after surgery is often not reliable to support functional rehabilitation, which may lead to graft failure or unsatisfied function of the knee joint. Thus, strategies to promote tendon–bone healing are crucial for prompt and satisfactory functional recovery. Recently, a variety of biological approaches, including active substances, gene transfer, tissue engineering and stem cells, have been proposed and applied to enhance tendon–bone healing. Among these, stem cell therapy has been shown to have promising prospects and draws increasing attention. From commonly investigated bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) to emerging ACL‐derived CD34+ stem cells, multiple stem cell types have been proven to be effective in accelerating tendon–bone healing. This review describes the current understanding of tendon–bone healing and summarizes the current status of related stem cell therapy. Future limitations and perspectives are also discussed.
Theological Complicity in the Disappearing of the Working Class
Authors: Posadas Jeremy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractContrary to popular perception, the majority of the United States population belongs to the working class, not the middle class (even under different definitions of class). But in the discourses of policy‐making, popular culture, and Christian theological scholarship alike, the working class has almost completely disappeared—which contributes to deifying economic and political inequalities. To counteract this disappearance, class must be established as a constructive theological locus, and justice for the working class (qua working class) established as both ethical norm and practical objective.
Representation of people of South Asian origin in cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose‐lowering therapies in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Khunti K. , Bellary S. , Karamat M. A. , Patel K. , Patel V. , Jones A. , Gray J. , Shepherd P. , Hanif W. ,   the South Asian Health Foundation
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsOur aim was to investigate the proportional representation of people of South Asian origin in cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose‐lowering drugs or strategies in Type 2 diabetes, noting that these are among the most significant pieces of evidence used to formulate the guidelines on which clinical practice is largely based.MethodsWe searched for cardiovascular outcome trials in Type 2 diabetes published before January 2015, and extracted data on the ethnicity of participants. These were compared against expected values for proportional representation of South Asian individuals, based on population data from the USA, from the UK, and globally.ResultsTwelve studies met our inclusion criteria and, of these, eight presented a sufficiently detailed breakdown of participant ethnicity to permit numerical analysis. In general, people of South Asian origin were found to be under‐represented in trials compared with UK and global expectations and over‐represented compared with US expectations. Among the eight trials for which South Asian representation could be reliably estimated, seven under‐represented this group relative to the 11.2% of the UK diabetes population estimated to be South Asian, with the representation in these trials ranging from 0.0% to 10.0%.ConclusionsClinicians should exercise caution when generalizing the results of trials to their own practice, with regard to the ethnicity of individuals. Efforts should be made to improve reporting of ethnicity and improve diversity in trial recruitment, although we acknowledge that there are challenges that must be overcome to make this a reality.
Insulin pump use compared with intravenous insulin during labour and delivery: the INSPIRED observational cohort study
Authors: Drever E. , Tomlinson G. , Bai A. D. , Feig D. S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsTo assess the safety and efficacy of pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; CSII) during labour and delivery in women with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 161 consecutive Type 1 diabetic pregnancies delivered during 2000–2010 at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. Capillary blood glucose levels during labour and delivery and time in/out of target (target: 4–6 mmol/l) were compared along with neonatal outcomes for three groups: (1) women on pumps who stayed on pumps during labour (pump/pump n = 31), (2) women on pumps who switched to intravenous (IV) insulin infusion during labour (pump/IVn = 25), and (3) women on multiple daily injections who switched to IV insulin infusion during labour (MDIn = 105).ResultsThere were no significant differences between the mean or median glucose values during labour and delivery across all three groups, and no significant difference in time spent hypoglycaemic. However, women in the pump/pump group had significantly better glycaemic control as defined by mean glucose (5.5 vs. 6.4 mmol/l; P = 0.01), median glucose (5.4 vs. 6.3 mmol/l; P = 0.02), and more time spent in target (60.9% vs. 39.2%; P = 0.06) compared with women in the pump/IV group (after removing one outlier).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the continuation of CSII therapy during labour and delivery appears safe and efficacious. Moreover, women who choose to continue CSII have better glucose control during delivery than those who switch to IV insulin, suggesting that it should be standard practice to allow women the option of continuing CSII during labour and delivery.
Functional and structural characterization of a potent GH74 endo‐xyloglucanase from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus unravels the first step of xyloglucan degradation
Authors: Attia Mohamed , Stepper Judith , Davies Gideon J. , Brumer Harry 
Published: March 2016

The heteropolysaccharide xyloglucan (XyG) comprises up to one‐quarter of the total carbohydrate content of terrestrial plant cell walls and, as such, represents a significant reservoir in the global carbon cycle. The complex composition of XyG requires a consortium of backbone‐cleaving endo‐xyloglucanases and side‐chain cleaving exo‐glycosidases for complete saccharification. The biochemical basis for XyG utilization by the model Gram‐negative soil saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus is incompletely understood, despite the recent characterization of associated side‐chain cleaving exo‐glycosidases. We present a detailed functional and structural characterization of a multimodular enzyme encoded by gene locus CJA_2477. The CJA_2477 gene product comprises an N‐terminal glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) endo‐xyloglucanase module in train with two carbohydrate‐binding modules (CBMs) from families 10 and 2 (CBM10 and CBM2). The GH74 catalytic domain generates Glc4‐based xylogluco‐oligosaccharide (XyGO) substrates for downstream enzymes through an endo‐dissociative mode of action. X‐ray crystallography of the GH74 module, alone and in complex with XyGO products spanning the entire active site, revealed a broad substrate‐binding cleft specifically adapted to XyG recognition, which is composed of two seven‐bladed propeller domains characteristic of the GH74 family. The appended CBM10 and CBM2 members notably did not bind XyG, nor other soluble polysaccharides, and instead were specific cellulose‐binding modules. Taken together, these data shed light on the first step of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicus and expand the repertoire of GHs and CBMs for selective biomass analysis and utilization.DatabaseStructural data have been deposited in the RCSB protein database under the Protein Data Bank codes: 5FKR, 5FKS, 5FKT and 5FKQ.
Revealing turning points in ecosystem functioning over the Northern Eurasian agricultural frontier
Authors: Horion Stéphanie , Prishchepov Alexander V. , Verbesselt Jan , de Beurs Kirsten , Tagesson Torbern , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 has been a turning point in the World history that left a unique footprint on the Northern Eurasian ecosystems. Conducting large scale mapping of environmental change and separating between naturogenic and anthropogenic drivers is a difficult endeavor in such highly complex systems. In this research a piece‐wise linear regression method was used for breakpoint detection in Rain‐Use Efficiency (RUE) time series and a classification of ecosystem response types was produced. Supported by earth observation data, field data, and expert knowledge, this study provides empirical evidence regarding the occurrence of drastic changes in RUE (assessment of the timing, the direction and the significance of these changes) in Northern Eurasian ecosystems between 1982 and 2011. About 36% of the study area (3.4 million km2) showed significant (P < 0.05) trends and/or turning points in RUE during the observation period. A large proportion of detected turning points in RUE occurred around the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and in the following years which were attributed to widespread agricultural land abandonment. Our study also showed that recurrent droughts deeply affected vegetation productivity throughout the observation period, with a general worsening of the drought conditions in recent years. Moreover, recent human‐induced turning points in ecosystem functioning were detected and attributed to ongoing recultivation and change in irrigation practices in the Volgograd region, and to increased salinization and increased grazing intensity around Lake Balkhash. The ecosystem‐state assessment method introduced here proved to be a valuable support that highlighted hotspots of potentially altered ecosystems and allowed for disentangling human from climatic disturbances.
Association of peak factor VIII levels and area under the curve with bleeding in patients with haemophilia A on every third day pharmacokinetic‐guided prophylaxis
Authors: Valentino L. A. , Pipe S. W. , Collins P. W. , Blanchette V. S. , Berntorp E. , Fischer K. , Ewenstein B. M. , Oh M. , Spotts G. 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionWe previously showed that pharmacokinetic‐guided prophylaxis (PKP) allows the dosing interval to be extended while maintaining a specific trough level. However, the associations of peak factor VIII (FVIII) levels and area under the curve (AUC) with breakthrough bleeding have not been investigated.AimThe aim of this study was to analyse data from the PKP arm to determine whether peak FVIII levels, AUC and time with FVIII levels in a haemostatically effective range are independent predictors of bleeding during prophylaxis.MethodsPost hoc analysis of the association of FVIII levels and AUC with annualized bleeding rate in 34 patients on PKP.ResultsDuring 1 year of PKP, 131 bleeding episodes occurred in 24/34 patients. Average peak FVIII levels ranged from 24 to 168 IU dL−1, with higher values associated with a decreased risk for all bleeding (joint and non‐joint; P < 0.01) and joint bleeding (P < 0.01). Following rFVIII infusion, median percent of time spent with FVIII levels >20 IU dL−1 was 22%; median AUC was 1363. Both values were significantly associated with a lower ABR when targeting a 1% trough at 72 h.ConclusionWhen PKP was administered every third day, higher peak FVIII levels, higher AUC and more time spent per week with FVIII levels >20 IU dL−1 provided increased protection from joint and non‐joint bleeding. These data highlight the potential impact of variability in individual pharmacokinetic and bleeding risk and support the need for high peak levels and AUC in some patients treated every third day. The findings do not necessarily apply to alternate‐day or other prophylactic dosing regimens.
Hemicrania continua may respond to repetitive sphenopalatine ganglion block: A case report
Authors: Michelle Androulakis X. , Krebs Kaitlin A. , Ashkenazi Avi 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundHemicrania continua (HC) is a chronic headache disorder characterized by a continuous, strictly unilateral head pain accompanied by cranial autonomic symptoms, which completely responds to indomethacin; however, few alternative treatment options exist for the patients with this disorder who cannot tolerate indomethacin. Sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block has been used for the treatment of various headaches, with the strongest evidence for efficacy in cluster headache.Case ReportA 52‐year‐old woman with a 7‐year history of HC was evaluated in our clinic for management of her headaches after she had stopped using indomethacin due to a bleeding gastrointestinal ulcer. After failing multiple pharmacologic therapies, she was treated with repetitive SPG blocks using bupivacaine (0.6 mL at 0.5%) twice a week for 6 weeks and followed by maintenance therapy. This treatment protocol resulted in significant improvement in her headaches, mood, and functional capacity.ConclusionSPG block using a local anesthetic may be an effective treatment for patients with HC, specifically for those who cannot tolerate indomethacin, or when this drug is contraindicated.
Clinical psychologists' attitudes towards the biology and ‘new genetics’ of intellectual and developmental disabilities: a pilot study using Q‐methodology
Authors: Hare D.J. , Vahey C. , Walker S. , Wittkowski A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe current study investigated how ideas and models from the ‘New Genetics’ and associated fields of developmental neuroscience and behavioural phenotypes are perceived by clinical psychologists working with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). As well as examining the take‐up and influence of such ideas, it also examines barriers, both personal and institutional, to the widespread adoption of such concepts and research findings in services for people with IDD.MethodsA Q‐methodology study was undertaken with 31 qualified and 16 trainee clinical psychologists in the North West of England using a specifically developed 81‐item Q set.ResultsThree factors were identified and labelledIntegration of social and medical models, Social model of disability is more helpfulandGenetic advances in conflict with recognising the value of people with IDD.ConclusionThere was a lack of consensus in clinical psychologists working with people with IDD, with amount and type of professional experience affecting the factor loadings, which may need to be considered in developing clinical applications of genetic IDD research.