bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of ready-to-eat supplementary foods using germinated cereal-pulse mix, potato flour and green leafy vegetable for malnourished children
Authors: Prasad Priyanka , Kochhar Anita , Javed Mohammed 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop and standardize nutrient dense, easily digestible and affordable ready-to-eat supplementary foods from locally available ingredients for malnourished children and to assess their nutritional composition.Design/methodology/approach– To develop supplementary foods, wheat and green gram were germinated, dried and made into flour. Potatoes of “Kufri Pukhraj” variety procured from university were washed, peeled, sliced, boiled, dipped in potassium metabisulphite solution, dried and grounded into flour. Spinach leaves were washed, dried and made into powder. Five wholesome ready-to-eat supplementary foods, namely, panjiri, mathi, seviyan, biscuits and pinni, were developed from germinated cereal, pulse and potato flour and spinach leaves powder. The products were standardized with potato flour and spinach leaves powder. The developed products were analyzed for proximate composition by standardized methods.Findings– One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test was used to obtain differences in organoleptic scores within different levels of treatments. All five supplementary foods were acceptable at 30 per cent level of potato flour and 2.5 per cent level of spinach leaves powder. Mean scores of panjiri, mathi, seviyan, biscuits and pinni were significantly different (p< 0.05). Significant (p< 0.05) difference was observed in terms of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and ash content among the developed products.Practical implications– The developed ready-to-eat supplementary foods can be recommended for supplementary feeding programmes running in the country.Originality/value– The paper aims at the development of high energy protein supplementary foods for malnourished children. The developed complementary food blend is made up of variety of food groups like cereal, pulse, root and tuber and green leafy vegetables to provide wholesome nutrition to children. This is different to originally provided supplementary foods to children made up of only cereal. The developed products also add a variety to supplementary foods given to malnourished children in supplementary feeding programmes.
Gastric ulceration: the role of thermoxidized palm oil
Authors: Obembe Agona O , Ofutet Emmanuel O. , Antai Atim B. , Osim Eme E 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of chronic consumption of fresh palm oil (FPO) and thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) diet on gastric acid secretion, pepsin secretions, gastric mucus output and gastric cytoprotection.Design/methodology/approach– Adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups, i.e. control, FPO and TPO groups (n= 10 in each). The control group was fed with normal rat chow only, the FPO group was fed on diet containing 15 per cent v/w FPO and the TPO group was fed with diet containing v/w of thermally oxidized palm oil. All animals had free access to feed and water, and the feeding lasted for 14 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, gastric acid secretion, pepsin secretion, mucus output and gastric ulceration were measured following standard methods.Findings– There was increase in histamine-stimulated gastric acid output in the TPO diet-fed group (p< 0.01) compared with the control and FPO diet-fed groups. No significant change in the mucus output was observed across all the experimental groups; whereas, pepsin secretion was significantly higher (p< 0.05) in the TPO diet-fed group (0.46 ± 0.27) compared with the control (0.14 ± 0.05) and FPO diet-fed groups (0.25 ± 0.01). Ulcer scores in the TPO diet-fed group (15.5 ± 0.33) was significantly higher (p< 0.01) compared with the control (10.0 ± 0.05) and FPO diet-fed (5.0 ± 0.04) groups.Originality/value– Chronic consumption of TPO increased gastric acid and pepsin secretion (gastric-aggressive factors) without a change in the mucus output. This can bring about gastric ulceration; therefore, the liberal use of TPO should be discouraged.
Validation of 28 and 15 item versions of the SCORE family assessment questionnaire with adult mental health service users
Authors: O'Hanrahan Kevin , Daly White Megan , Carr Alan , Cahill Paul , Keenleyside Mairi , Fitzhenry Mark , Harte Elizabeth , Hayes Jennifer , Noonan Hester , O'Shea Helen , McCullagh Avril , McGuinness Shaun , Rodgers Catherine , Whelan Neal , Sheppard Noel , Browne Stephen 
Published: February 2016

The SCORE (Systemic Clinical Outcome and Routine Evaluation) is a 40‐item questionnaire for completion by family members 12 years and older to assess outcome in systemic therapy. Twenty‐eight and 15‐item short versions of the SCORE have previously been validated with samples containing some families attending adult mental health services and some attending child and adolescent services; or samples containing families exclusively from child and adolescent services. This study aimed to investigate psychometric properties of two short versions of the SCORE with a sample drawn exclusively from adult mental health services. Data were collected from 199 service users attending inpatient and outpatient adult mental health services in the south‐east of Ireland. Both instruments had good internal consistency reliability. They also showed construct and criterion validity, correlating with measures of global functioning, service need, and childhood trauma. The 28 and 15‐item versions of the SCORE are brief psychometrically robust family assessment instruments which may be used to evaluate systemic therapy with adult mental health service users.Practitioner points

Brief 15 and 28‐item versions of the SCORE may be used to assess family adjustment, monitor progress and assess outcome in adult mental health cases
The SCORE‐28 is in the appendix to Cahill et al. (). The SCORE‐15 and a 29‐item version that contains items for both the SCORE‐28 and SCORE‐15 is in Fay et al. ()
A web‐based system for administering and scoring the SCORE‐15 and SCORE‐28 is available at this link: http://scorefamilyassessment.org/login.php
Couple emotional experience: effects of attachment anxiety in low and high structure couple interactions
Authors: Seedall Ryan B. , Wampler Karen S. 
Published: February 2016

This study used data from 63 heterosexual couples to investigate the effects of attachment anxiety and how they relate to emotional experience (i.e. psychophysiological distress and feelings towards a partner) in the context of two therapy‐like conditions (low and high structure). We examined both the effect of an individual's anxiety on his/her own emotional experience (actor effects) and on the partner's experience (partner effects). During both interactional conditions, female partners of men higher in attachment anxiety experienced greater psychophysiological distress. In addition, men and women higher in attachment anxiety were not significantly different from others in terms of their feelings towards their partner during the low structure condition. However, their feelings were significantly more positive than others during the high structure condition, providing some evidence that attachment‐based interventions can be especially useful for clients higher in attachment anxiety.Practitioner points

Not only should therapists take into account couple distress and volatility when facilitating couple interaction, but they should also account for self‐reported attachment
Clients high in attachment anxiety may benefit from the emotional containment provided by having a therapist buffer the couple interaction
Clients high in attachment anxiety may especially benefit from therapy process that is anchored in facilitating attachment‐based expression
Accuracy of QT interval measurement on electrocardiographs displayed on electronic ‘smart’ devices
Authors: Rotella Joe‐Anthony , Taylor David McD , Wong Anselm , Greene Shaun L 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to compare QT intervals measured on the original bedside electrocardiographs (ECG), facsimile, iPhone, iPad and 17 inch computer monitor.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study conducted within a tertiary referral metropolitan ED. Thirteen doctors measured the QT intervals of 15 non‐identifiable, routinely recorded ECGs using randomly allocated modalities over five sessions. The QT intervals of lead I, II, V2, V4, V6 and one other were measured. Variations between modalities and between doctors were examined (χ2 and Kruskal–Wallis tests).ResultsQT intervals measured on the iPad were significantly lower than the other modalities (P = 0.02). For each lead, there were no differences in QT interval measurement between the modalities (P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences between the QT interval measurements of the participating doctors (range of median QT intervals 480–530 msec, P < 0.001). There were also significant differences between the QT intervals measurement of the leads examined (range of median QT intervals 480–520 msec, P < 0.001). Lead V2 was the most consistent lead (smallest interquartile range), and lead I was the least (QT interval consistently under‐estimated).ConclusionThe QT interval can be reliably measured using facsimile, iPhone and computer, but not the iPad. However, it varies between doctors. Lead V2 is recommended for QT interval measurement if only a single lead is to be used for clinical purposes.
Restricted diet breadth of the larvae of Antheraea assamensis and the role of the labrum‐epipharynx and galeal sensilla
Authors: Bora Dipsikha , Deka Bhabesh , Sen Avolikiteswar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), grows primarily on Persea bombycina and Litsea polyantha. To understand if the restricted diet breadth is due to the specific role of gustatory sensilla of the larvae of A. assamensis, the same fifth instar larvae retaining only labrum‐epipharynx or galeal sensilla were subjected to food choice tests. The foods used were leaves of two host‐plant and two non‐host‐plant species. Mean per cent consumption and per cent of choosing larvae were used as parameters for drawing conclusions. The finding indicated involvement of the labrum‐epipharynx for acceptance and galeal sensilla for rejection of a non‐host‐plant species. Scanning electron microscope studies revealed the presence of two sensilla on the galea, one lateral and one medial sensilla styloconicum and two gustatory sensilla in the epipharynx of A. assamensis. The study revealed the key role of galeal sensilla in the restrictive diet‐breadth of A. assamensis.
Effect of recombinant baculovirus expressing CrV1 protein from Cotesia rubecula bracovirus against Pieris rapae in insecticidal toxicity
Authors: Wei Lihua , Perez‐Rodriguez Miguel A. , Rodriguez‐Perez Mario A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBaculoviruses can be genetically engineered to express foreign genes; thus, their lethal potency and host range can be improved to produce more virulent bioinsecticides. Polydnavirus (PDV) genes have insecticidal bioactivities and could enhance the pathogenicity of the baculoviruses to control insect pests. The CrV1 gene from Cotesia rubecula polydnavirus is responsible for depolymerization of actin cytoskeleton in hemocytes, disabling its spread on foreign object surfaces. In this study, we tested the efficacy of the recombinant baculovirus (AcMNPV‐CrV1) under p10 promoter against second instar P. rapae larvae. The expression of the CrV1 gene in P. rapae larvae was verified with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). AcMNPV‐CrV1 showed a significantly lower median lethal concentration (LC50) and shorter median lethal time (LT50) as compared with the AcMNPV wild‐type virus. These results suggested that the expression of CrV1 protein could successfully improve the insecticidal toxicity of baculovirus.
First finding of a quarantine pest, Atherigona (Acritochaeta) orientalis Schiner (Diptera: Muscidae), in Korea
Authors: Suh Sang Jae , Kwon Yong Jung 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe invasive quarantine pest fly, Atherigona (Acritochaeta) orientalis Schiner, is observed for the first time in tomato greenhouses in Gyeongsangbuk‐do, Korea. The genus Atherigona Rondani is also newly added to Korean fauna. Allium tuberosum is listed as a new host crop for this species. Some morphological characteristics for accurate identification and host lists are given to provide plant quarantine information for pest management.
Variation in group cohesion during the maternal social period of a subsocial spider
Authors: Kim Kil Won 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDuring the maternal social period, Amaurobius ferox spiderlings (Araneae: Amaurobiidae) show mutual tolerance, group cohesion and cooperation in prey capturing, which are recognized as the main characteristics in the evolution of spider sociality. Measuring spatial volume occupied by the spiderlings within the maternal web, this study investigated variation in group cohesion over the maternal social period, from emergence to dispersal. The results showed that the spatial volume of spiderlings varied greatly during the maternal social period and was associated with the development of the spiderlings. Strong group cohesion appeared to be related to maternal food provision, trophic egg laying and matriphagy. An increase of the spatial volume was obviously observed after matriphagy. The experiment revealed that group cohesion decreased after the second molt. A compact group of spiderlings should facilitate maternal food production at the prompted time, and reduced group cohesion after the second molt might lead to eventual dispersal of A. ferox spiderlings.
Dihydroxynaphthalene‐based mimicry of fungal melanogenesis for multifunctional coatings
Authors: Jeon Jong‐Rok , Le Thao Thanh , Chang Yoon‐Seok 
Published: February 2016

SummaryMaterial‐independent adhesive action derived from polycatechol structures has been intensively studied due to its high applicability in surface engineering. Here, we for the first time demonstrate that a dihydroxynaphthalene‐based fungal melanin mimetic, which exhibit a catechol‐free structure, can act as a coating agent for material‐independent surface modifications on the nanoscale. This mimetic was made by using laccase to catalyse the oxidative polymerization of specifically 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene. Analyses of the product of this reaction, using Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, bactericidal action, charge‐dependent sorption behaviour, phenol content, Zeta potential measurements and free radical scavenging activity, yielded results consistent with it containing hydroxyphenyl groups. Moreover, nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the product revealed that C‐O coupling and C‐C coupling were the main mechanisms for its synthesis, thus clearly excluding a catechol structure in the polymerization. This product, termed poly(2,7‐DHN), was successfully deposited onto a wide variety of solid surfaces, including metals, polymeric materials, ceramics, biosurfaces and mineral complexes. The melanin‐like polymerization could be used to co‐immobilize other organic molecules, forming functional surfaces. In addition, the hydroxyphenyl group contained in the coated poly(2,7‐DHN) induced secondary metal chelation/reduction and adhesion with proteins, suggesting the potential of this poly(2,7‐DHN) layer to serve as a platform material for a variety of surface engineering applications. Moreover, the novel physicochemical properties of the poly(2,7‐DHN) illuminate its potential applications as bactericidal, radical‐scavenging and pollutant‐sorbing agents.
Ethical Quandaries in War Zones, When Mass Atrocity Prevention Fails
Authors: Weiss Thomas G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHumanitarians are no longer necessarily viewed as selfless angels in war zones. Their motivations and mastery, their principles and products are questioned from inside and outside of the community of aid and protection agencies. Like the poor, war victims will always be with us. Coming to their rescue requires understanding of the ongoing transformations to contemporary humanitarian action in wars and the evolution of humanitarian culture – its values, language and behavior. An agreed culture of cooperation has given way to a contested one of competition resulting from militarization, politicization and marketization. Preventing mass atrocities is preferable to halting them; but the record of preventing them has been dismal. And even with sufficient political will to act or react, the history of postintervention results also has been abysmal. When mass atrocity prevention fails, a ‘learning culture’ is required: more responsible reflection and less rapid reaction. Traditional principles are unhelpful; guidance to effective action does not require strict adherence to humanitarian ideology but rather to considered calculations about least worst options.
Involvement of the GABAA Receptor in Age‐Dependent Differences in Binge‐Like Ethanol Intake
Authors: Quoilin Caroline , Boehm Stephen L. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundBinge alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) drinking is common during adolescence, a time characterized by many behavioral and neurobiological changes. Among them, the GABAA receptor system undergoes substantial modifications, including changes in the density, distribution, and subunit composition of the receptor. Based on its demonstrated role in EtOH consumption, this study aimed to investigate the effects of 2 different GABAA receptor agonists on binge‐like EtOH intake in adolescent and adult mice using the Drinking‐in‐the‐Dark model.MethodsThree hours into their dark cycle, adolescent (postnatal day 28 [P28]) and adult (P63) male C57BL/6J mice were given daily access to 20% EtOH for 2 hours during 8 consecutive days. Immediately before the access on day 8, mice (P35 and P70) were systemically injected with 1 of 2 different GABAergic drugs. The effects of muscimol, a full GABAA agonist, were assessed in a first experiment. The second experiment tested for the more specific involvement of δ‐containing extrasynaptic GABAA receptors through the administration of THIP (4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4‐c)pyridin‐3‐ol).ResultsAdolescent mice consumed more EtOH than their adult counterparts. Following the administration of GABAA agonists, levels of EtOH intake were reduced at both ages. However, age‐dependent differences were revealed following the administration of THIP, with adolescents exhibiting greater sensitivity to its suppressant effects, especially during the first 30 minutes of binge EtOH access.ConclusionsThis study adds to the existing literature demonstrating the crucial role of the GABAA receptor in alcohol consumption. In addition, it suggests that age differences in the GABAA receptor modulation of binge alcohol drinking might be more dependent on extrasynaptic GABAA receptors.
Association of Drinking Problems and Duration of Alcohol Use to Inhibitory Control in Nondependent Young Adult Social Drinkers
Authors: Hu Sien , Zhang Sheng , Chao Herta H. , Krystal John H. , Li Chiang‐Shan R. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundDeficits in inhibitory control have been widely implicated in alcohol misuse. However, the literature does not readily distinguish the effects of drinking problems and chronic alcohol use. Here, we examined how years of drinking and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score each influences the cerebral responses to inhibitory control in nondependent drinkers.MethodsFifty‐seven adult drinkers and 57 age‐ and gender‐matched nondrinkers participated in one 40‐minute functional magnetic resonance imaging scan of the stop signal task. Data were preprocessed and modeled usingSPM8. In a regression model, we contrasted stop and go success trials for individuals and examined activities of response inhibition each in link with theAUDITscore and years of alcohol use in group analyses. We specified the effects of duration of use by contrasting regional activations of drinkers and age‐related changes in nondrinkers. In mediation analyses, we investigated how regional activities mediate the relationship between drinking problems and response inhibition.ResultsHigherAUDITscore but not years of drinking was positively correlated with prolonged stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and diminished responses in the cerebellum, thalamus, frontal and parietal regions, independent of years of alcohol use. Further, activity of the thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex, and presupplementary motor area significantly mediates the association, bidirectionally, between theAUDITscore andSSRT. The duration of alcohol use was associated with decreased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus extending to superior temporal gyrus, which was not observed for age‐related changes in nondrinkers.ConclusionsThe results distinguished the association of drinking problems and years of alcohol use to inhibitory control in young adult nondependent drinkers. These new findings extend the imaging literature of alcohol misuse and may have implications for treatment to prevent the escalation from social to dependent drinking. More research is needed to confirm age‐independent neural correlates of years of alcohol use.
Comparison of adjunctive azithromycin and amoxicillin/metronidazole for patients with chronic periodontitis: preliminary randomized control trial
Authors: Saleh A , Rincon J , Tan A , Firth M 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere are insufficient guidelines for the use of adjunctive systemic antibiotics for patients with periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes for patients with moderate‐advanced chronic periodontitis treated with: scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP with amoxicillin and metronidazole (A+M), SRP with Azithromycin (Az).MethodsThirty‐seven non‐smokers with generalized moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis were divided into three treatment groups: SRP, A+M and Az. Patients received the medications after the last SRP session and were reviewed three months later. Changes in clinical parameters were compared between the groups. Separate analyses were executed for: ‘all sites’, ‘molar sites’, ‘sites with different PPD severities’ and ‘number of sites with shallow, moderate and deep PPD’.ResultsThe three groups exhibited improvements in most clinical parameters. At three months, A+M showed a higher reduction in PPD compared to Az in the ‘all sites analysis’. Molars exhibited better reduction in BOP and PPD with A+M than SRP. Pocket depth of the 4–6 mm category reduced more in the A+M than SRP. A+M experienced a higher increase in the number of sites with PPD 1–3 mm than Az.ConclusionsAdjunctive systemic antibiotics in the initial phase of treatment may result in improved clinical outcomes.
Insulin‐like growth factor 1 has multisystem effects on foetal and preterm infant development
Authors: Hellström Ann , Ley David , Hansen‐Pupp Ingrid , Hallberg Boubou , Löfqvist Chatarina , van Marter Linda , van Weissenbruch Mirjam , Ramenghi Luca A. , Beardsall Kathryn , Dunger David , Hård Anna‐Lena , Smith Lois E. H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPoor postnatal growth after preterm birth does not match the normal rapid growth in utero and is associated with preterm morbidities. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) axis is the major hormonal mediator of growth in utero, and levels of IGF‐1 are often very low after preterm birth. We reviewed the role of IGF‐1 in foetal development and the corresponding preterm perinatal period to highlight the potential clinical importance of IGF‐1 deficiency in preterm morbidities.ConclusionThere is a rationale for clinical trials to evaluate the potential benefits of IGF‐1 replacement in very preterm infants.