bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal maternal separation stress elicits lasting DNA methylation changes in the hippocampus of stress‐reactive Wistar Kyoto rats
Authors: McCoy Chelsea R. , Rana Samir , Stringfellow Sara Anne , Day Jeremy J. , Wyss J. Michael , Clinton Sarah M. , Kerman Ilan A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEarly‐life stress (ELS) can alter neurodevelopment in variable ways, ranging from producing deleterious outcomes to stress resilience. While most ELS studies focus on its harmful effects, recent work by our laboratory and others shows that ELS elicits positive effects in certain individuals. We exposed Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, known for a stress reactive, anxiety/depression‐like phenotype, to maternal separation (MS), a model of ELS. MS exposure elicited anxiolytic and antidepressant behavioral effects as well as improved cardiovascular function in adult WKY offspring. This study interrogates an epigenetic mechanism (DNA methylation) that may confer the adaptive effects of MS in WKY offspring. We quantified global genome methylation levels in limbic brain regions of adult WKYs exposed to daily 180‐min MS or neonatal handling from postnatal day 1–14. MS exposure triggered dramatic DNA hypermethylation specifically in the hippocampus. Next‐generation sequencing methylome profiling revealed reduced methylation at intragenic sites within two key nodes of insulin signaling pathways: the insulin receptor and one of its major downstream targets, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (Map3k5). We then tested the hypothesis that enhancing DNA methylation in WKY rats would elicit adaptive changes akin to the effects of MS. Dietary methyl donor supplementation improved WKY rats’ anxiety/depression‐like behaviors and also improved cardiovascular measures, similar to previous observations following MS. Overall, these data suggest a potential molecular mechanism that mediates a predicted adaptive response, whereby ELS induces DNA methylation changes in the brain that may contribute to successful stress coping and adaptive physiological changes in adulthood.
Partitioning controls on Amazon forest photosynthesis between environmental and biotic factors at hourly to interannual timescales
Authors: Wu Jin , Guan Kaiyu , Hayek Matthew , Restrepo‐Coupe Natalia , Wiedemann Kenia T. , Xu Xiangtao , Wehr Richard , Christoffersen Bradley O. , Miao Guofang , da Silva Rodrigo , de Araujo Alessandro C. , Oliviera Raimundo C. , Camargo Plinio B. , Monson Russell K. , Huete Alfredo R. , Saleska Scott R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGross ecosystem productivity (GEP) in tropical forests varies both with the environment and with biotic changes in photosynthetic infrastructure, but our understanding of the relative effects of these factors across timescales is limited. Here, we used a statistical model to partition the variability of seven years of eddy covariance‐derived GEP in a central Amazon evergreen forest into two main causes: variation in environmental drivers (solar radiation, diffuse light fraction, and vapor pressure deficit) that interact with model parameters that govern photosynthesis and biotic variation in canopy photosynthetic light‐use efficiency associated with changes in the parameters themselves. Our fitted model was able to explain most of the variability in GEP at hourly (R2 = 0.77) to interannual (R2 = 0.80) timescales. At hourly timescales, we found that 75% of observed GEP variability could be attributed to environmental variability. When aggregating GEP to the longer timescales (daily, monthly, and yearly), however, environmental variation explained progressively less GEP variability: At monthly timescales, it explained only 3%, much less than biotic variation in canopy photosynthetic light‐use efficiency, which accounted for 63%. These results challenge modeling approaches that assume GEP is primarily controlled by the environment at both short and long timescales. Our approach distinguishing biotic from environmental variability can help to resolve debates about environmental limitations to tropical forest photosynthesis. For example, we found that biotically regulated canopy photosynthetic light‐use efficiency (associated with leaf phenology) increased with sunlight during dry seasons (consistent with light but not water limitation of canopy development) but that realized GEP was nonetheless lower relative to its potential efficiency during dry than wet seasons (consistent with water limitation of photosynthesis in given assemblages of leaves). This work highlights the importance of accounting for differential regulation of GEP at different timescales and of identifying the underlying feedbacks and adaptive mechanisms.
Effects of Changing Meteoric Precipitation Patterns on Groundwater Temperature in Karst Environments
Authors: Brookfield A.E. , Macpherson G.L. , Covington M.D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractClimate predictions indicate that precipitation patterns will change and average air temperatures will increase across much of the planet. These changes will alter surface water and groundwater temperatures which can significantly affect the local and regional environment. Here, we examine the role of precipitation timing in changes to groundwater temperature in carbonate‐karst aquifers using measured groundwater level and temperature data from the Konza Prairie Long‐Term Ecological Research Site, Kansas. We demonstrate that shifts to increased cool‐season precipitation may mitigate the increases in groundwater temperature produced by increases in average annual air temperature. In karst, the solution‐enlarged conduits allow faster and focused recharge, and the recharge‐event temperature can strongly influence the groundwater temperature in the aquifer. Our field data and analysis show that predictions of future groundwater conditions in karst aquifers need to consider changes in precipitation patterns, in addition to changes to average annual air temperature.
Complex Inversion of MRT Signals under Different Loop Configurations for Groundwater Exploration
Authors: Chen Bin , Hu Xiangyun , Li Jianhui , Liu Yajun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSurface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) is a relatively new geophysical method for non‐invasive groundwater exploration and aquifer characterization. Conventional SNMR surveys based on one‐dimensional (1‐D) inversion of amplitude data recorded only using coincident loops provide limited or distorted groundwater distribution information, especially in regions with strong lateral heterogeneity and complicated hydrological environments. The simplistic approach limits the applicability and efficiency of SNMR, which was therefore made more effective in this study using a sophisticated signal response formulation. The elliptical polarization parameters of the excitation magnetic fields and 2‐D sensitivity kernels (including real and imaginary parts) of three commonly used loop configurations were first calculated. After all the individual complex signals of five simulated measurement series along a profile were incorporated. The 2‐D magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) complex inversion scheme was then used to perform high resolution tomography of synthetic models under the three loop configurations, taking full advantage of the different sensitivity distributions offered by the different loop configurations and the high sensitivity of the imaginary parts of signals to deep structures. Contrast analyses of the tomographic results showed that the complex inversions significantly decreased model ambiguities and increased depth resolution even with artificial noise added. Coincident loop measurements usually gave the best vertical resolution, and separated loops provided better lateral resolution. However, various factors would influence phase data, meaning that the complex inversion of field data is neither very reliable nor very common at present.
Sex in Prisoner Power Relations: Attitudes and Practices in a Ukrainian Correctional Colony for Men
Authors: SYMKOVYCH ANTON 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMost research on prison sex has originated in the global West, often employing quantitative methodology. Building on a semi‐ethnographic study of a Ukrainian prison, this article explores how prisoners and officers perceive prisoner sex. Rape was not reported in this prison, despite the relatively young prison population. I argue that the informal prisoner power structure of the prison underworld diminishes sexual abuse. Thus, contrary to much of the literature, masculinity, homophobia, and informal prisoner hierarchies can equally instigate and restrain prison violence and sexual victimisation.
The obesity paradox: an endocrine perspective
Authors: Cheung Yee‐Ming , Joham Anju , Marks Sharon , Teede Helena 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObesity is a growing epidemic both in Australia and worldwide. Being overweight or obese is known to be adversely associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, lipid disorders and hypertension. Despite the adverse impact of overweight and obesity, recent observational studies have suggested that in some overweight and obese individuals with established chronic disease, there is a survival advantage that is paradoxically better than individuals of normal weight. A burgeoning area of interest is the existence of this paradox in chronic endocrine disorders, especially with respect to osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as the latter's chronic complications, chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease. In this article, we review the postulated mechanisms and latest evidence concerning the obesity paradox, with a focus on endocrine‐related diseases. We discuss confounders and biases that exist in observational studies from which the paradox has been described and highlight that, despite the observed paradox, substantial literature exists supporting the benefits of weight reduction in obesity.
Inpatient healthcare utilisation in patients with alcoholic liver disease: what are the costs and outcomes?
Authors: Williamson K. D. , Gill M. G. , Andrews J. M. , Harley H. A. J. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) carries a significant cost burden and often leads to inpatient care. It is unclear whether inpatient care for ALD is any more costly than admission for other reasons.AimsTo compare the costs and outcomes of inpatient care for ALD to two groups: a control group of matched cases admitted in the same time frame and people admitted for other chronic liver diseases (CLD).MethodsAll admissions for ALD and other CLD in a 3‐month period were retrospectively identified. Five randomly identified gender‐ and age‐matched contemporaneously admitted controls were allocated. Length of stay (LoS), mortality, inpatient costs, blood product utilisation and discharge destination were compared.ResultsOf the 71 admissions due to CLD, ALD was the most frequent cause (53/71, 75%). ALD admissions cost more (median $10 100 vs $5294; P = 0.0012) and had greater LoS (median LoS 7.2 days (interquartile range (IQR) 0.2–40.7)) than controls (2.6 days (IQR 1.1–6.8); P = 0.0001). A larger proportion of the ALD cohort required blood transfusion and had a higher mortality than controls (24.5 vs 6.4%, P = 0.002 and 13.2 vs 0.2%; P < 0.0001 respectively). Self‐discharge was more common in the ALD group (13.2 vs 1.1%, P < 0.0001).Conclusions
ALD inpatient hospital admissions have greater median total cost, longer LoS, greater blood product utilisation, higher mortality and greater rate of discharge against medical advice than age‐ and gender‐matched controls. These data emphasise the large inpatient care burden, high mortality and suboptimal engagement in those with ALD, which justifies the more active provision of services for ALD.
Bond Fund Performance During Recessions and Expansions: Empirical Evidence from a Small Market
Authors: Leite Paulo , Armada Manuel Rocha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper provides the first investigation about bond mutual fund performance during recession and expansion periods separately. Based on multi‐factor performance evaluation models, results show that bond funds significantly underperform the market during both phases of the business cycle. Nevertheless, unlike equity funds, bond funds exhibit considerably higher alphas during good economic states than during market downturns. These results, however, seem entirely driven by the global financial crisis sub‐period. In contrast, during the recession associated to the Euro sovereign debt crisis, bond funds are able to accomplish neutral performance. This improved performance throughout the debt crisis seems to be related to more conservative investment strategies, which reflect an increase in managers' risk aversion.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Profiles, Stock Returns, and Financial Policy: Australian Evidence
Authors: Limkriangkrai Manapon , Koh SzeKee , Durand Robert B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the independent effects of environmental (E), social (S), corporate governance (G), and the composite ESG ratings on stock returns and corporate financing decisions of the largest stocks in the Australian equity market. Firms with high composite ESG ratings tend to increase their leverage. For the individual ratings, we find different inferences: firms with low E and high G ratings tend to raise less debt. Firms with high G ratings hold less cash, while those with low G ratings have lower dividend payouts. S ratings have no impact on corporate financing decisions. There appears to be no significant difference in risk‐adjusted returns for portfolios based on ESG ratings, effectively indicating that there is no cost of ESG investment.
KLRC3, a Natural Killer receptor gene, is a key factor involved in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and aggressiveness
Authors: Cheray Mathilde , Bessette Barbara , Lacroix Aurélie , Mélin Carole , Jawhari Soha , Pinet Sandra , Deluche Elise , Clavère Pierre , Durand Karine , Sanchez‐Prieto Ricardo , Jauberteau Marie‐Odile , Battu Serge , Lalloué Fabrice 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most lethal brain tumour with a poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSC) were proposed to be the most aggressive cells allowing brain tumour recurrence and aggressiveness. Current challenge is to determine CSC signature to characterize these cells and to develop new therapeutics. In a previous work, we achieved a screening of glycosylation‐related genes to characterize specific genes involved in CSC maintenance. Three genes named CHI3L1, KLRC3 and PRUNE2 were found overexpressed in glioblastoma undifferentiated cells (related to CSC) compared to the differentiated ones. The comparison of their roles suggest that KLRC3 gene coding for NKG2E, a protein initially identified in NK cells, is more important than both two other genes in glioblastomas aggressiveness. Indeed, KLRC3 silencing decreased self‐renewal capacity, invasion, proliferation, radioresistance and tumourigenicity of U87‐MG glioblastoma cell line. For the first time we report that KLRC3 gene expression is linked to glioblastoma aggressiveness and could be a new potential therapeutic target to attenuate glioblastoma.
Objective severity does not capture the impact of rosacea, acne scarring and photoaging in patients seeking laser therapy
Authors: Thomas C.L. , Kim B. , Lam J. , Richards S. , See A. , Kalouche S. , Paver R.D. , Fernández Peñas P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundMeasures of quality of life (QOL) and patient satisfaction are of great importance in dermatology, as both impact upon treatment adherence and health outcomes. Patients’ assessment of QOL often differs from their doctors’ predictions and their assessments of skin disease severity do not correlate with patients’ own perceptions. The development of laser technology has facilitated successful treatment of many skin conditions, but studies on patient satisfaction are lacking.ObjectivesOur aim was to determine the extent of discordance between patient and dermatologist‐assessed disease severity and assess the impact of acne scarring, rosacea and photoaging on QOL. Our secondary aim was to assess patient satisfaction with laser therapy.MethodsA prospective study of patients undergoing laser treatment for acne scarring, rosacea and photoaging was conducted over 1 year at the Skin & Cancer Foundation Australia. Subjective disease severity was determined using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Two dermatologists determined objective severity using validated grading scales to score photographs. QOL impact was measured by Skindex‐16, satisfaction was measured using an amended Comprehensive Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ‐18).ResultsA total of 147 individuals sought laser therapy for acne scarring, rosacea and photoaging. Dermatologists’ subjective disease severity correlated weakly with patient‐reported severity. All conditions negatively impacted upon QOL. Patients with rosacea had the most symptomatic impact; acne scarring was associated with the greatest self‐esteem and social functioning issues; photoaging patients were the least affected. There were significant correlations between subjective severity assessment and Skindex‐16 scores. There was notable discordance between dermatologist's skin severity assessment and patient's self‐reported QOL impact.ConclusionSkin conditions can have a profound impact on patient QOL, which is affected by patients’ perception of disease severity and not fully appreciated by dermatologists’ own severity assessments. Laser therapy is associated with high patient satisfaction.
Effect of Egg‐Replacer and Composite Flour on Physical Properties, Color, Texture and Rheology, Nutritional and Sensory Profile of Cakes
Authors: Agrahar‐Murugkar Dipika , Zaidi Aiman , Kotwaliwale Nachiket , Gupta Chetan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEggless cakes were developed using composite flour (CF) of wheat, malted finger‐millet, sprouted soy and amaranth and egg‐replacers (banana (T1), chia (T2) and soy milk powder (T3)) and were analyzed for physical, textural, rheological, nutritional and organoleptic properties and compared with egg cakes with refined wheat flour (C1) and CF (C2). T1 cake showed no significant difference for batter physical and textural properties with C1. In rheological studies, no significant difference was found for Casson‐plastic viscosity, flow‐behavior index and consistency‐index among T1 and C1 batter. T1 cake had higher volume (437.1 cm3) as compared to T3 (404.4 cm3) and T2 (359.4 cm3). C2 showed highest protein (g/100 g) (14.3) and fat (27), while T3 and T1 cakes contained significantly higher iron contents. On 9‐point hedonic scale, T1 cake scored significantly higher values among T cakes. Therefore, CF was a good replacement for refined flour and banana was the best egg‐replacer for cake developed.Practical ApplicationsIncreasing consumer search for healthier food options has led researchers to look for alternatives of traditional bakery items such as eggs, refined wheat flour, and butter in food products. Refined wheat flour with low gluten, eggs with its unique foaming, emulsifying and heat coagulation properties and butter giving tenderness, moistness and flavor are important ingredients in bakery products especially in cakes and thus difficult to replace by any other source. Therefore, our research on different egg‐replacers and incorporation of composite flour containing whole wheat, sprouted soybean, malted millet and pseudocereals instead of refined wheat flour in cakes may help manufacturers to produce a healthy product with no sacrifice for its taste and appearance. These alternatives deliver same functional role as that of eggs, butter and flour at much lower cost and can be incorporated into the cakes to obtain desirable organoleptic properties.
Weight Loss Interventions in Older Adults with Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Since 2005
Authors: Batsis John A. , Gill Lydia E. , Masutani Rebecca K. , Adachi‐Mejia Anna M. , Blunt Heather B. , Bagley Pamela J. , Lopez‐Jimenez Francisco , Bartels Stephen J. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo identify geriatric obesity interventions that can guide clinical recommendations.DesignSystematic review using Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE (Ovid), and PsycINFO (Proquest) from January 1, 2005, to October 12, 2015, to identify English‐language randomized controlled trials.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older (mean age ≥65) and classified as having obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2).InterventionsBehavioral weight loss interventions not involving pharmacological or procedural therapies lasting 6 months or longer.MeasurementsTwo investigators performed the systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses criteria and achieved a high concordance rate (97.3%) in summarizing the primary outcomes. The three primary outcomes were weight loss, physical performance, and quality of life.ResultsOf 5,741 citations, 19 were included. (Six studies were unique, and the remaining 13 were based on the same study population.) Duration ranged from 6 to 18 months (n = 405 participants, age range 66.7–71.1). Weight loss in the intervention groups ranged from 0.5 to 10.7 kg (0.1–9.3%). Five studies had a resistance exercise program accompanying a dietary component. Greater weight loss was observed in groups with a dietary component than those with exercise alone. Exercise alone led to better physical function but no significant weight loss. Combined dietary and exercise components led to the greatest improvement in physical performance measures and quality of life and mitigated reductions in muscle and bone mass observed in diet‐only study arms. Heterogeneous outcomes were observed, which limited the ability to synthesize the data quantitatively.ConclusionsThe evidence supporting geriatric obesity interventions to improve physical function and quality of life is of low to moderate quality. Well‐designed trials are needed in this population.
Local Risk, Local Factors, and Asset Prices
Authors: TUZEL SELALE , ZHANG MIAO BEN 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTFirm location affects firm risk through local factor prices. We find more procyclical factor prices such as wages and real estate prices in areas with more cyclical economies, namely, high “local beta” areas. While procyclical wages provide a natural hedge against aggregate shocks and reduce firm risk, procyclical prices of real estate, which are part of firm assets, increase firm risk. We confirm that firms located in higher local beta areas have lower industry‐adjusted returns and conditional betas, and show that the effect is stronger among firms with low real estate holdings. A production‐based equilibrium model explains these empirical findings.