bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Islamic Lineage of American Literary Culture
Authors: Einboden Jeffrey 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The Islamic Lineage of American Literary Culture maps the Middle Eastern interiors and interiority of New World authorship, tracing neglected genealogies of Islamic source reception from the Revolution to Reconstruction. Privileging informal engagements and intimate exchanges, the book uncovers Islam’s formative impact on U.S. literary origins, excavating personal and private appeals to the Qur’ān, ḥadīth, and Sufi poetry by pivotal authors of early American literature, spanning the nation’s century of self-definition, from the 1770s to the 1870s. Domesticated in a double sense, literal and literary, Muslim sources are seen to permeate the home lives and household labors of five primary American figures—Ezra Stiles, William Bentley, Washington Irving, Lydia Maria Child, and Ralph Waldo Emerson—with Islamic traditions woven into the familiar fabric of their letters and sermons, journals and journalism, memoirs and marginalia. Distinct from foregoing treatments, the book emphasizes the materiality of early American appeals to Islam, publishing images from neglected manuscripts that witness U.S. engagement with the Muslim world, exhibiting the Arabic literacy and Islamic learning cultivated by the nation’s earliest authors. The book argues that the identities and idioms of foundational American figures were catalyzed through creative, and occasionally covert, acts of Islamic engagement, with Muslim sources and Middle Eastern languages acting as vehicles of artistic reflection, religious contemplation, and political liberation.
The effects of a 50-Hz magnetic field on the cardiovascular system in rats
Authors: Zhou Ling , Wan Baoquan , Liu Xingfa , Zhang Yemao , Lai Jinsheng , Ruan Guoran , He Mengying , Chen Chen , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) is a potential health-risk factor. Its effects on the cardiovascular system have not been fully investigated. This study was conducted to explore the effects of long-term exposure to a 50-Hz MF on the cardiovascular system. In the study, an exposure system was constructed, and the distribution of the 50-Hz MF was determined. Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to a 50-Hz MF at 100 μT for 24 weeks, 20 h per day, while another 64 rats were sham exposed. During the exposure, blood pressure was measured every 4 weeks. After 24 weeks, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and electrocardiography were performed. Moreover, heart and body weight were recorded, and haematoxylin–eosin staining and real-time PCR were conducted. The results showed that compared with the sham group, exposure to a 50-Hz MF did not exert any effects on blood pressure, pulse rate, heart rate or cardiac rhythm. Furthermore, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization showed that there were no significant differences in the cardiac morphology or haemodynamics. In addition, histopathological examination showed that exposure to a 50-Hz MF had no effects on the structure of the heart. Finally, expression of the cardiac hypertrophy–related genes did not show any significant differences between the 50-Hz MF exposure group and the sham group. Taken together, in SD rats, exposure to a 50-Hz/100 μT MF for 24 weeks did not show any obvious effects on the cardiovascular system.
Postsplenectomy Prophylaxis: A Persistent Failure to Meet Standard?
Authors: Jones Alexander David , Khan Mashuk , Cheshire James , Bowley Douglas 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A retrospective case review of patients that underwent emergency splenectomy or splenic preservation from May 2003 to April 2014 was undertaken at a single center. The results highlight failures in administration of postsplenectomy vaccination for emergency splenectomy patients. In this study, we highlight methods to improve postsplenectomy care.
The Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: Stepping Up to the Plate
Authors: MacVane Shawn H. , Hurst John M. , Steed Lisa L. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We report the development of a collaborative relationship between antimicrobial stewardship and clinical microbiology that incorporates stewardship practices into daily laboratory rounds. Antimicrobial stewardship involvement on rounds was a welcomed and effective initiative with substantial rates of intervention. New opportunities to positively impact use of antimicrobials and laboratory resources were realized.
Appropriateness of Language Used in Patient Educational Materials from 24 National Anesthesiology Associations
Authors: Govender Denira , Villafranca Alexander , Hamlin Colin , Hiebert Brett , Parveen Divya , Jacobsohn Eric 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatient education materials produced by national anesthesiology associations could be used to facilitate patient informed consent and promote the discipline of anesthesiology. To achieve these goals, materials must use language that most adults can understand. Health organizations recommend that materials be written at the grade 8 level or less to ensure that they are understood by laypersons. The authors, therefore, investigated the language of educational materials produced by anesthesiology associations.MethodsEducational materials were downloaded from the Web sites of 24 national anesthesiology associations, as available. Materials were divided into eight topics, resulting in 112 separate passages. Linguistic measures were calculated using Coh-Metrix (version 3.0; Memphis, USA) linguistic software. The authors compared the measures to a grade 8 standard and examined the influence of both passage topic and country of origin using multivariate ANOVA.ResultsThe authors found that 67% of associations provided online educational materials. None of the passages had all linguistic measures at or below the grade 8 level. Linguistic measures were influenced by both passage topic (F = 3.64; P &lt; 0.0001) and country of origin (F = 7.26; P &lt; 0.0001). Contrast showed that passages describing the role of anesthesiologists in perioperative care used language that was especially inappropriate.ConclusionsThose associations that provided materials used words that were long and abstract. The language used was especially inappropriate for topics that are critical to facilitating patient informed consent and promoting the discipline of anesthesiology. Anesthesiology associations should simplify their materials and should consider screening their materials with linguistic software before making them public.
Brain basis of childhood speech and language disorders: are we closer to clinically meaningful MRI markers?
Authors: Morgan Angela , Bonthrone Alexandra , Liégeois Frédérique J. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Developmental speech and language disorders are common, seen in one in 20 preschool children, in the absence of frank neurological deficits or intellectual impairment. They are a key reason parents seek help from paediatricians. Complex neurogenetic and environmental contributions underpin the disorders, yet few specific causes are known. With the advent of quantitative brain imaging, a growing number of studies have investigated neural contributions. Here, we discuss current MRI approaches and recent findings (January 2014–June 2016) in the field.

Recent findings
Five relevant studies were identified (n = 3 – speech disorder and n = 2 – language disorder). Significant variability in MRI approaches and heterogeneity of participant phenotypes was seen. Children with speech disorder had structural and functional anomalies in the left supramarginal gyrus and functional anomalies in the posterior cerebellum bilaterally – regions critical for sensory–motor integration or feedback. Children with language disorder showed increased mean and radial diffusivity of the left arcuate fasciculus, although a widespread cortical and subcortical network of regions was implicated.

Summary
Limited evidence exists for specific regional brain anomalies in this population. MRI prognostic markers of speech and language ability are not currently available at an individual level. Further work is required to disentangle neurobiological contributions to speech and language disorders for affected children.
Characteristics of EEG Interpreters Associated With Higher Interrater Agreement
Authors: Halford Jonathan J. , Arain Amir , Kalamangalam Giridhar P. , LaRoche Suzette M. , Leonardo Bonilha , Basha Maysaa , Azar Nabil J. , Kutluay Ekrem , Martz Gabriel U. , Bethany Wolf J. , Waters Chad G. , Dean Brian C. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
The goal of the project is to determine characteristics of academic neurophysiologist EEG interpreters (EEGers), which predict good interrater agreement (IRA) and to determine the number of EEGers needed to develop an ideal standardized testing and training data set for epileptiform transient (ET) detection algorithms.

Methods:
A three-phase scoring method was used. In phase 1, 19 EEGers marked the location of ETs in two hundred 30-second segments of EEG from 200 different patients. In phase 2, EEG events marked by at least 2 EEGers were annotated by 18 EEGers on a 5-point scale to indicate whether they were ETs. In phase 3, a third opinion was obtained from EEGers on any inconsistencies between phase 1 and phase 2 scoring.

Results:
The IRA for the 18 EEGers was only fair. A select group of the EEGers had good IRA and the other EEGers had low IRA. Board certification by the American Board of Clinical Neurophysiology was associated with better IRA performance but other board certifications, years of fellowship training, and years of practice were not. As the number of EEGers used for scoring is increased, the amount of change in the consensus opinion decreases steadily and is quite low as the group size approaches 10.

Conclusions:
The IRA among EEGers varies considerably. The EEGers must be tested before use as scorers for ET annotation research projects. The American Board of Clinical Neurophysiology certification is associated with improved performance. The optimal size for a group of experts scoring ETs in EEG is probably in the 6 to 10 range.
Occipito-Frontal Sharp Waves—An Under-Recognized Electroencephalogram Pattern in Self-Limited Idiopathic Childhood Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Wyllie Elaine , Moosa Ahsan N. V. 
Published: September 2016

Summary:We report four children who highlight the potentially under-recognized electroencephalogram pattern of bilaterally synchronous occipito-frontal sharp waves, which may occur in children with Panayiotopoulos type self-limited childhood epilepsy but may be easily confused with the patterns of symptomatic generalized epilepsy. Our patients were young, healthy children who had infrequent, predominantly nocturnal, fairly prolonged seizures characterized by altered consciousness, vomiting, and autonomic features, or in one case nocturnal secondary generalized tonic-clonic convulsion. Their electroencephalograms showed stereotyped abundant sleep-activated sharp waves with maximum negativity in bilateral occipital and frontal greater than centro-temporo-parietal regions. On a “double-banana” bipolar montage, the sharp waves had upward deflections in frontal electrodes, downward deflections at occipital electrodes, and a positive phase reversal in the middle of each chain. The lower-amplitude occipital discharges slightly preceded the frontal discharges, consistent with posterior-to-anterior propagation likely originating from mesial occipital regions. In the proper clinical context, recognizing the electroencephalogram pattern of bilateral occipito-frontal sharp waves affords confidence in a favorable prognosis, presents the option to possibly defer daily treatment with antiepileptic medication, and shifts the emphasis to rescue medication for isolated seizures.
GWAS for serum galactose-deficient IgA1 implicates critical genes of theO-glycosylation pathway
Authors: Kiryluk Krzysztof , Li Yifu , Moldoveanu Zina , Suzuki Hitoshi , Reily Colin , Hou Ping , Xie Jingyuan , Mladkova Nikol , Prakash Sindhuri , Fischman Clara , Shapiro Samantha , LeDesma Robert A. , Bradbury Drew , Ionita-Laza Iuliana , Eitner Frank , Rauen Thomas , Maillard Nicolas , Berthoux Francois , Floege Jürgen , Chen Nan , Zhang Hong , Scolari Francesco , Wyatt Robert J. , Julian Bruce A. , Gharavi Ali G. , Novak Jan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAberrantO-glycosylation of serum immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) represents a heritable pathogenic defect in IgA nephropathy, the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide, but specific genetic factors involved in its determination are not known. We performed a quantitative GWAS for serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in 2,633 subjects of European and East Asian ancestry and discovered two genome-wide significant loci, inC1GALT1(rs13226913,P= 3.2 × 10−11) andC1GALT1C1(rs5910940,P= 2.7 × 10−8). These genes encode molecular partners essential for enzymaticO-glycosylation of IgA1. We demonstrated that these two loci explain approximately 7% of variability in circulating Gd-IgA1 in Europeans, but only 2% in East Asians. Notably, the Gd-IgA1-increasing allele of rs13226913 is common in Europeans, but rare in East Asians. Moreover, rs13226913 represents a strong cis-eQTL forC1GALT1,which encodes the key enzyme responsible for the transfer of galactose toO-linked glycans on IgA1. Byin vitrosiRNA knock-down studies, we confirmed that mRNA levels of bothC1GALT1andC1GALT1C1determine the rate of secretion of Gd-IgA1 in IgA1-producing cells. Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic regulation ofO-glycosylation and are relevant not only to IgA nephropathy, but also to other complex traits associated withO-glycosylation defects, including inflammatory bowel disease, hematologic disease, and cancer.Author SummaryO-glycosylation is a common type of post-translational modification of proteins; specific abnormalities in the mechanism ofO-glycosylation have been implicated in cancer, inflammatory and blood diseases. However, the molecular basis of abnormalO-glycosylation in these complex disorders is not known. We studied the genetic basis of defectiveO-glycosylation of serum Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), which represents the key pathogenic defect in IgA nephropathy, the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. We report our results of the first genome-wide association study for this trait using serum assays in 2,633 individuals of European and East Asian ancestry. In our genome scan, we observed two significant signals with large effects, on chromosomes 7p21.3 and Xq24, jointly explaining about 7% of trait variability. These signals implicate two genes that encode molecular partners essential for enzymaticO-glycosylation of IgA1 and mucins, and represent potential new targets for therapy.
Nuclear pore-like structures in a compartmentalized bacterium
Authors: Sagulenko Evgeny , Nouwens Amanda , Webb Richard I. , Green Kathryn , Yee Benjamin , Morgan Garry , Leis Andrew , Lee Kuo-Chang , Butler Margaret K. , Chia Nicholas , Phuong Pham Uyen Thi , Lindgreen Stinus , Catchpole Ryan , Poole Anthony M. , Fuerst John A 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPlanctomycetes are distinguished from other Bacteria by compartmentalization of cells via internal membranes, interpretation of which has been subject to recent debate regarding potential relations to Gram-negative cell structure. In our interpretation of the available data, the planctomyceteGemmata obscuriglobuscontains a nuclear body compartment, and thus possesses a type of cell organization with parallels to the eukaryote nucleus. Here we show that pore-like structures occur in internal membranes ofG.obscuriglobusand that they have elements structurally similar to eukaryote nuclear pores, including a basket, ring-spoke structure, and eight-fold rotational symmetry. Bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data reveals that some of theG. obscuriglobusproteins associated with pore-containing membranes possess structural domains found in eukaryote nuclear pore complexes. Moreover, immuno-gold labelling demonstrates localization of one such protein, containing a β-propeller domain, specifically to theG. obscuriglobuspore-like structures. Finding bacterial pores within internal cell membranes and with structural similarities to eukaryote nuclear pore complexes raises the dual possibilities of either hitherto undetected homology or stunning evolutionary convergence.
Neural correlates of early sound encoding and their relationship to speech in noise perception
Authors: Coffey Emily B.J. , Chepesiuk Alexander M.P. , Herholz Sibylle C. , Baillet Sylvain , Zatorre Robert J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpeech-in-noise (SIN) perception is a complex cognitive skill that affects social, vocational, and educational activities. Poor SIN ability particularly affects young and elderly populations, yet varies considerably even among healthy young adults with normal hearing. Although SIN skills are known to be influenced by top-down processes that can selectively enhance lower-level sound representations, the complementary role and of feed-forward mechanisms and their relationship to musical training is poorly understood. Using a paradigm that eliminates the main top-down factors that have been implicated in SIN performance, we aimed to better understand how robust encoding of periodicity in the auditory system (as measured by the frequency-following response) contributes to SIN perception. Using magnetoencephalograpy, we found that the strength of encoding at the fundamental frequency in the brainstem, thalamus, and cortex is correlated with SIN accuracy, as was the amplitude of the slower cortical P2 wave, and these enhancements were related to the extent and timing of musicianship. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that basic feed-forward sound encoding affects SIN perception by providing better information to later processing stages, and that modifying this process may be one mechanism through which musical training might enhance the auditory networks that subserve both musical and language functions.Highlights–Enhancements in periodic sound encoding are correlated with speech-in-noise ability–This effect is observed in the absence of contextual cues and task demands–Better encoding is observed throughout the auditory system and is right-lateralized–Stronger encoding is related to stronger subsequent secondary auditory cortex activity–Musicianship is related to both speech-in-noise perception and enhanced MEG signals
shinyheatmap: ultra fast low memory heatmap web interface for big data genomics
Authors: Khomtchouk Bohdan B. , Hennessy James R. , Wahlestedt Claes 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundTranscriptomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, and other various next-generation sequencing (-omics) fields are known for their production of large datasets, especially across single-cell sequencing studies. Visualizing such big data has posed technical challenges in biology, both in terms of available computational resources as well as programming acumen. Since heatmaps are used to depict high-dimensional numerical data as a colored grid of cells, efficiency and speed have often proven to be critical considerations in the process of successfully converting data into graphics. For example, rendering interactive heatmaps from large input datasets (e.g., 100k+ rows) has been computationally infeasible on both desktop computers and web browsers. In addition to memory requirements, programming skills and knowledge have frequently been barriers-to-entry for creating highly customizable heatmaps.ResultsWe propose shinyheatmap: an advanced user-friendly heatmap software suite capable of efficiently creating highly customizable static and interactive biological heatmaps in a web browser. shinyheatmap is a low memory footprint program, making it particularly well-suited for the interactive visualization of extremely large datasets that cannot typically be computed in-memory due to size restrictions. Also, shinyheatmap features a built-in high performance web plug-in, fastheatmap, for rapidly plotting interactive heatmaps of datasets as large as 105− 107rows within seconds, effectively shattering previous performance benchmarks of heatmap rendering speed.Conclusionsshinyheatmap is hosted online as a freely available web server with an intuitive graphical user interface:http://shinyheatmap.com. The methods are implemented in R, and are available as part of the shinyheatmap project at:https://github.com/Bohdan-Khomtchouk/shinyheatmap. Users can access fastheatmap directly from within the shinyheatmap web interface, and all source code has been made publicly available on Github:https://github.com/Bohdan-Khomtchouk/fastheatmap.
In vitroprofiling of endocrine cell death using UCHL1 and GAD65 as soluble biomarkers
Authors: Brackeva Benedicte , Roels Sarah , Stangé Geert , Ates Gamze , Costa Olivier R. , Ling Zhidong , Gorus Frans K. , Martens Geert A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPancreatic islet grafts are culturedin vitroprior to transplantation and this is associated to a variable degree of beta cell loss. Optimization of culture conditions is currently hampered by the lack of a specific and sensitivein vitroindicator of beta cell death.METHODSWe developed a high-sensitivity duplex bead-based immunoassay for two protein-type biomarkers of beta cell destruction, GAD65 and UCHL1, and investigated its proficiency forin vitrotoxicity profiling on rodent and human beta cells, as compared to a semi-automatic and manual image-based assessment of beta cell death, andin vivoafter intraportal islet transplantation.RESULTSBoth GAD65 and UCHL1 were discharged by necrotic and apoptotic beta cells proportionate to the number of dead beta cells as counted by microscopic methods.In vitro, UCHL1 was superior to GAD65, in terms of biomarker stability providing more sensitive detection of low grade beta cell death.In vivo, however, GAD65 was consistently detected after islet transplantation while UCHL1 remained undetectable.CONCLUSIONThe use of soluble biomarkers represents a fast, selective and sensitive method for beta cell toxicity profilingin vitro. UCHL1 is superior to GAD65in vitrobut notin vivo.
Probabilistic inference of bifurcations in single-cell data using a hierarchical mixture of factor analysers
Authors: Campbell Kieran R. , Yau Christopher 
Published: September 2016

AbstractModelling bifurcations in single-cell transcriptomics data has become an increasingly popular field of research. Several methods have been proposed to infer bifurcation structure from such data but all rely on heuristic non-probabilistic inference. Here we propose the first generative, fully probabilistic model for such inference based on a Bayesian hierarchical mixture of factor analysers. Our model exhibits competitive performance on large datasets despite implementing full MCMC sampling and its unique hierarchical prior structure enables automatic determination of genes driving the bifurcation process.