bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher order change: a transorganizational system diagnostic model
Authors: Ainsworth Dale , E. Feyerherm Ann 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Transorganizational systems (TSs) are a collection of organizations that have agreed to work interdependently to accomplish a task too large in scope for a single organization. TS are organizational structures capable of addressing large-scale problems, and are vitally important. However, relative to the stand-alone organization, TS theory is under-developed and currently no comprehensive diagnostic model exits for managing TS change. Theoretically constructed diagnostic models are essential ingredients of any planned change effort. The purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive model for diagnosing TS.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper a comprehensive model for diagnosing TS is proposed. In constructing the model existing literature is integrated with the enduring organization development work of Cummings and Worley (2015). These authors developed a comprehensive model to diagnose organizations at three levels: individual, group, and organization. This paper proposes adding a fourth, higher order level – the TS level.

Findings
The resulting diagnostic model offers theorists and practitioners a comprehensive framework for use in diagnosing TS functionality and performance.

Practical implications
The results of quality diagnosis are essential in managing change leading to improved TS effectiveness.

Originality/value
Currently no comprehensive diagnostic model is available for managing higher order change in TS. This paper aims to fill this void.
Driving change: the role of “emotional connectedness” – a case study
Authors: Lacoste Sylvie M. , Dekker Janet 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand which change process the supplying organization should define for its customer-facing organization in order to successfully increase customer orientation and to be on the short list of their customers’ key suppliers.Design/methodology/approachAction research was used to carry out this research. Researchers were involved in the change management process of a medium-sized company that wanted to re-design their customer selection and interaction processes: one researcher was a top manager of the participating company, whereas the other researcher worked alongside the organization in a collaborative effort to introduce and roll out sales force training seminars.FindingsResearchers’ main finding shows how the company’s top-management willingness to apply a “soft” approach to change leverages a concept called “emotional connectedness”.Originality/valueThe authors bridge a gap between the literature on change management and the “emotional connectedness” concept related to social psychology. The authors add to existing theories on change management a new perspective based on interpersonal relationships.
The Big End of Town Meets the Local Council: The Investment Habitus of Four Sets of Australian Councils during the GFC
Authors: Jones Greg , Beattie Claire , Bowrey Graham , Smark Ciorstan 
Published: September 2016

The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 led to a substantial write‐down in the value of investments such as collateralised debt obligations (CDOs) with one class of investors being NSW Local councils. This article analyses interviews with four different investor types (or sets) of local councils, each of which took a substantially different approach to CDO investment. This categorisation into sets was based on interviews of 28 individuals working within 14 local councils as well as commentaries on legal cases involving a class action of local councils suing Lehman Brothers Australia as well as Grange Securities over losses in their investments. This article adopts Bourdieu's Theory of Practice to describe and explain behaviour regarding decisions to invest (or not) in CDOs. Interesting themes arise regarding differing views on the appropriate role of local councils, and on the degree and form of ‘capital’ (which includes knowledge, competencies, skills, and economic resources) that a council should have before investing in sophisticated financial products. This article explores the role that field, habitus, and capital played in moderating and influencing council investment making decisions. The analysis shows that these Bourdieuian concepts can be utilised to help explain individual behaviour. This case study shows that excessive capital left in the hands of individuals may result in suboptimal decision making. Local councils may need to consider ways of implementing policies and procedures that can be used to moderate individual action.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of resected cases of carcinoid tumors of the lung
Authors: Yang Zhi , Wang Zitong , Duan Yong , Xu Shaofa 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundLung carcinoid tumors are rare, low‐grade, malignant neoplasms with some unclear features. The aim of this study was to analyze clinicopathological features and long‐term survival in patients with primary lung carcinoid tumors.MethodsPatients who underwent surgery in our clinic and were diagnosed with carcinoid tumors, between August 1997 and July 2012, were included in the study. Patient characteristics and clinicopathological factors were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsBronchial carcinoids comprised only 1.0% of lung cancer cases treated by resection. They are classified into two distinct categories: typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC) tumors. AC tumors occurred more frequently in younger patients and in smokers, and had a poorer prognosis than TC tumors. Overall three and five‐year survival rates for TC and AC were 92.6% and 81.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that tumor size (
P
= 0.012) and histological type (
P
= 0.013) are prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that only tumor size (
P
= 0.044) was an independent prognostic factor.ConclusionsThe prognosis for bronchial carcinoid tumors was better than other types of lung cancer and TC was significantly better than AC. Radical lymph node dissection was the best treatment, with complete removal of the tumor. Tumor size was an independent prognostic factor for bronchial carcinoid tumors.
Impact of surgical experience on outcomes in total joint arthroplasties
Authors: Wilson Mathew D. , Dowsey Michelle M. , Spelman Tim , Choong Peter F. M. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundOutcomes of primary total hip and knee arthroplasties performed by consultant surgeons were compared with those performed by orthopaedic trainees. Furthermore, outcomes of these procedures performed by senior trainees were compared with those performed by junior trainees.MethodsData from the St Vincent's Melbourne Arthroplasty Outcomes Registry and the surgical log kept by trainees were reviewed to investigate if an association exists between surgical experience and clinical outcomes following primary total hip and knee arthroplasties. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to produce odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to assess these relationships.ResultsArthroplasties performed by trainees were not significantly different from those performed by consultant surgeons in regards to medical, surgical and wound complications. Trainee‐performed primary total hip arthroplasties were associated with a 30% increase in the risk of requiring a transfusion compared with consultant cases. Primary total knee arthroplasties performed by junior trainees were associated with a 50% increase in the risk of developing a wound complication compared with those performed by senior trainees.ConclusionsOverall, senior orthopaedic trainees working independently and junior orthopaedic trainees under supervision as the primary surgeon have the ability to achieve a level of clinical outcomes similar to a consultant surgeon. Junior trainees with supervision have the ability to achieve a level of clinical outcomes similar to senior trainees. These findings can be used to further improve orthopaedic training to reduce adverse events during supervised surgery.
Outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a series from a provincial New Zealand hospital
Authors: Richards Simon , Kyle Stephen , White Campbell , El‐Haddawi Falah , Farrant Glenn , Henderson Nigel , Fancourt Michael , Gilkison William 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an essential tool in the management of pancreaticobiliary pathology. It is technically demanding and has the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Several trials have identified small centres and lower hospital volume as risk factors for lower success rates and higher complication rates. Taranaki Base Hospital (TBH) is a provincial hospital with a catchment of 100 000, providing its population with an on‐site ERCP service. Transporting patients to the nearest tertiary centre would incur significant costs to both the patient and district health board.AimsTo determine the outcomes of performing ERCP at TBH and compare these with published figures. To determine if it is a safe and effective option for patients in this region.MethodsAn ambi‐directional study of all ERCP procedures at TBH between January 2011 and December 2015 was conducted. Patient demographics, procedure indication and procedural details were captured via ProVation® MD and endoscopist's notes. Complications were identified through patient's notes and recorded if occurring within 30 days of the procedure. All complications were graded mild, moderate or severe based on a grading system described by Cotton et al.ResultsA total of 445 procedures were performed. Bile duct cannulation rate was 92.3% and therapeutic success rate was 89.9%. Complications occurred in 8.99% of patients and ERCP‐specific mortality was 0.22%. Haemorrhage occurred in 1.35% of patients, pancreatitis in 5.2% and perforation in 0.45%. Success and complication rates are similar to other published studies.ConclusionERCP can be safely and successfully performed in a provincial centre.
Laparoscopic or open appendicectomy for suspected appendicitis in pregnancy and evaluation of foetal outcome in Australia
Authors: Winter Nicole N. , Guest Glenn D. , Bozin Michael , Thomson Benjamin N. , Mann G. Bruce , Tan Stephanie B. M. , Clark David A. , Daruwalla Jurstine , Muralidharan Vijayaragavan , Najan Neeha , Pitcher Meron E. , Vilhelm Karina , Cox Michael R. , Lane Steven E. , Watters David A. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundRecent data suggest that laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) in pregnancy is associated with higher rates of foetal loss when compared to open appendicectomy (OA). However, the influence of gestational age and maternal age, both recognized risk factors for foetal loss, was not assessed.MethodThis was a multicentre retrospective review of all pregnant patients who underwent appendicectomy for suspected appendicitis from 2000 to 2012 across seven hospitals in Australia. Perioperative data and foetal outcome were evaluated.ResultsData on 218 patients from the seven hospitals were included in the analysis. A total of 125 underwent LA and 93 OA. There were seven (5.6%) foetal losses in the LA group, six of which occurred in the first trimester, and none in the OA group. After matching using propensity scores, the estimated risk difference was 5.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4%, 9.8%). First trimester patients were more likely to undergo LA (84%), while those in the third were more likely to undergo OA (85%). Preterm delivery rates (6.8% LA versus 8.6% OA; CI: −12.6%, 5.3%) and hospital length of stay (3.7 days LA versus 4.5 days OA; CI: −1.3, 0.2 days) were similar.ConclusionThis is the largest published dataset investigating the outcome after LA versus OA while adjusting for gestational and maternal age. OA appears to be a safer approach for pregnant patients with suspected appendicitis.
Prognostic impact of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ahn Chul‐Soo , Hwang Shin , Lee Young‐Joo , Kim Ki‐Hun , Moon Deok‐Bog , Ha Tae‐Yong , Song Gi‐Won , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) was reported to have a favourable prognosis. We investigated the clinicopathological features of patients with HBV‐associated ICC and compared post‐resection survival outcomes of ICC patients with and without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to assess the prognostic impact of HBV infection.MethodsA single‐institution cohort of 292 patients who underwent macroscopic curative resection for ICC were divided into HBV (n = 37) and non‐HBV (n = 255) groups. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsIn comparison with the clinicopathological features, patient age, proportion of anatomical resection, perineural invasion and lymph node (LN) metastasis were different between the two groups. Antiviral therapy was administered to 15 (40.5%) and 27 (73.0%) patients before and after surgery, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that risk factors were tumour size >5 cm, anatomical resection, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion and LN metastasis for tumour recurrence and HBV infection, tumour size >5 cm, anatomical resection, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion and LN metastasis for patient survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent risk factors were tumour size >5 cm, perineural invasion and LN metastasis for both tumour recurrence and patient survival. HBV infection showed statistically marginal significances only in univariate analysis, thus not being an independent risk factor.ConclusionsWe observed that ICC patients with HBV infection often showed favourable tumour features probably due to early diagnosis, but their post‐resection outcomes were not significantly different from those of patients without HBV infection. Therefore, the same treatment and surveillance policies should be applied regardless of HBV serology.
Elevated intraocular pressure increases melatonin levels in the aqueous humour
Authors: Alkozi Hanan , Sánchez‐Naves Juan , de Lara Maria Jesús Perez , Carracedo Gonzalo , Fonseca Begoña , Martinez‐Aguila Alejandro , Pintor Jesús 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeTo study the levels of melatonin in the aqueous humour of normotensive and hypertensive intraocular pressure (IOP) patients and to compare them to an animal model of glaucoma.MethodsA total of 37 eyes of 37 patients who underwent cataract surgery were included in the study and were divided into normotensive patients, withIOPbelow 21 mmHg (n = 23), and hypertensive patients, withIOP > 21 mmHg (n = 14). GlaucomatousDBA/2J (n = 6) and control C57BL/6J (n = 6) mice presenting 3 and 12 months of age for each strain were also used. Human and mice aqueous humours were aspirated using a 30‐gauge Rycroft cannula on a tuberculin syringe and further processed to quantify melatonin by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis.ResultsMelatonin levels in normotensive patients (IOPbelow 21 mmHg) presented values as medians (first quartile; third quartile) of 14.62 (5.38;37.99) ng/ml (n = 23), while hypertensive patients (IOPabove 21 mmHg) showed melatonin concentrations of 46.63 (10.28; 167.28) ng/ml (n = 14; p < 0.039). Glaucoma mice presented melatonin values of 0.37 (0.34; 0.59) ng/ml (at 3 months of age, before the pathology starts), which increased to 1.55 (0.94; 1.88) ng/ml (at 12 months of age, when the pathology is fully developed andIOPis maximum;n = 6, p < 0.001). Control mice did not significantly modified melatonin concentrations between 3 and 12 months of age.ConclusionPatients with highIOPpresent increased concentrations of melatonin in their aqueous humour compared to normotensive patients. This has been confirmed in a glaucomatous animal model in which it has been possible to see a correlation between the development of the pathology, with an increase inIOP, and a concomitant elevation of melatonin in the aqueous humour.
Spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports for neonates and infants in the UK 2001–2010: content and utility analysis
Authors: Hawcutt Daniel B. , Russell Nicki‐Jayne , Maqsood Hannah , Kouranloo Koushan , Gomberg Simon , Waitt Catriona , Sharp Andrew , Riordan Andrew , Turner Mark A. 
Published: September 2016

AimsThe UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) runs a national spontaneous reporting system (Yellow Card [YC] Scheme) to collect ‘suspected’ adverse drug reaction (ADR) data. We aim to describe the content and utility of YC reports received for patients aged <2 years.MethodsData on all ADRs reported using YC in infants aged <2 years from the years 2001–10 were supplied by the MHRA.ResultsFor infants age <2 years, 3496 suspected ADRs were reported using YC (paternal medication pre‐conception n = 3, transplacental n = 246, transmammary n = 30, neonates n = 97, infant n = 477, and vaccinations n = 2673), averaging 0.96 YC per day. There was a male preponderance (male 49.1%, female 44.4%, unknown 6.5%), and only 34 (1.0%) of YC reports stated a gestational age. The medications most frequently reported were: transplacental and transmammary (fluoxetine, n = 21 and n = 4 respectively), neonate (swine flu vaccine, n = 8) infant (oseltamivir, n = 37) and vaccines (meningococcal vaccine, n = 693). Paternal, transmammary, neonatal and infant YC did not reflect clinical concerns raised by the UK regulator. Transplacental and vaccination reports did correlate with some of the changes in practice and clinical alerts received.ConclusionsThe frequency of YC reports for those <2 years is low, neonates are poorly represented, and recording of gestational age is poor. With the exception of vaccinations, spontaneous reports alone are not currently generating the data required, and important safety messages from the regulator do not match reporting patterns. Additional reporting strategies are required to improve the quantity and quality of suspected ADR data in young children.
Multiple Testing with Heterogeneous Multinomial Distributions
Authors: Habiger Joshua , Watts David , Anderson Michael 
Published: September 2016

SummaryStandard false discovery rate (FDR) procedures can provide misleading inference when testing multiple null hypotheses with heterogeneous multinomial data. For example, in the motivating study the goal is to identify species of bacteria near the roots of wheat plants (rhizobacteria) that are moderately or strongly associated with productivity. However, standard procedures discover the most abundant species even when their association is weak and fail to discover many moderate and strong associations when the species are not abundant. This article provides a new FDR-controlling method based on a finite mixture of multinomial distributions and shows that it tends to discover more moderate and strong associations and fewer weak associations when the data are heterogeneous across tests. The new method is applied to the rhizobacteria data and performs favorably over competing methods.
Relaxin’ the brain: a case for targeting the nucleus incertus network and relaxin‐3/RXFP3 system in neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Kumar Jigna Rajesh , Rajkumar Ramamoorthy , Jayakody Tharindunee , Marwari Subhi , Hong Jia Mei , Ma Sherie , Gundlach Andrew L , Lai Mitchell K P , Dawe Gavin S 
Published: September 2016

Relaxin‐3 has been proposed to modulate emotional–behavioural functions such as arousal and behavioural activation, appetite regulation, stress responses, anxiety, memory, sleep and circadian rhythm. The nucleus incertus (NI), in the midline tegmentum close to the fourth ventricle, projects widely throughout the brain and is the primary site of relaxin‐3 neurons. Over recent years, a number of preclinical studies have explored the function of the NI and relaxin‐3 signalling, including reports of mRNA or peptide expression changes in the NI in response to behavioural or pharmacological manipulations, effects of lesions or electrical or pharmacological manipulations of the NI, effects of central microinfusions of relaxin‐3 or related agonist or antagonist ligands on physiology and behaviour, and the impact of relaxin‐3 gene deletion or knockdown. Although these individual studies reveal facets of the likely functional relevance of the NI and relaxin‐3 systems for human physiology and behaviour, the differences observed in responses between species (e.g. rat vs. mouse), the clearly identified heterogeneity of NI neurons and procedural differences between laboratories are some of the factors that have prevented a precise understanding of their function. This review aims to draw attention to the current preclinical evidence available that suggests the relevance of the NI/relaxin‐3 system to the pathology and/or symptoms of certain neuropsychiatric disorders and to provide cognizant directions for future research to effectively and efficiently uncover its therapeutic potential.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc
Crestal bone loss around submerged and non‐submerged implants during the osseointegration phase with different healing abutment designs: a randomized prospective clinical study
Authors: Sánchez‐Siles Mariano , Muñoz‐Cámara Daniel , Salazar‐Sánchez Noemi , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio , Calvo‐Guirado Josè Luis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate peri‐implant crestal bone loss during the osseointegration period, comparing submerged and non‐submerged implants with healing abutments of different design.Materials and methodsA total of 90 Avinent® dental implants (Avinent Implant System, Barcelona, Spain) were placed in 90 patients. All were sited in the posterior mandibular zone to replace teeth 3.6 or 4.6. Patients were divided randomly into three groups: submerged (n = 30), non‐submerged with anatomical healing abutment (n = 30), and non‐submerged with esthetic healing abutment (n = 30). Peri‐implant crestal bone loss was evaluated in intraoral radiographs taken at baseline, 1, and 3 months after implant placement.ResultsPeri‐implant crestal bone loss at the end of the (3‐month) osseointegration period was lowest in the submerged group (0.11 ± 0.14 mm), followed by the esthetic non‐submerged group (0.15 ± 0.06 mm), but without statistically significant difference between these groups (P = 0.234). The greatest bone loss was produced in the non‐submerged group with anatomical healing abutments (0.37 ± 0.12 mm), with significant differences between this group and the other two (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOn the basis of these findings, bone resorption during the osseointegration period using the non‐submerged technique varied significantly depending on the morphology of the healing abutment used. The non‐submerged technique with an esthetic healing post‐produced an equally predictable outcome compared with the submerged technique.