bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN SOS ANALYTICAL WORKBENCH APPROACH TO ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS AND EVOLUTION
Authors: Daniel DeLaurentis , Navindran Davendralingam , Karen Marais , Cesare Guariniello , Zhemei Fang , Payuna Uday 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis article summarizes the development of a System of Systems Analytic Workbench (SoS AWB) that provides a set of computational tools to facilitate better‐informed decision‐making on evolving SoS architectures. The workbench motif is adopted since SoS practitioners typically generate archetypal technical queries that can be mapped to appropriate analysis methods best suited to provide outputs and insights directly relevant to posed questions. After an overview of the workbench framework, four distinct methods currently available for use are presented along with their distinctive aspects in the concept of use.
The Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Fluoxetine Directly Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation and Mineralization During Fracture Healing in Mice
Authors: Bradaschia-Correa Vivian , Josephson Anne M , Mehta Devan , Mizrahi Matthew , Neibart Shane S , Liu Chao , Kennedy Oran D , Castillo Alesha B , Egol Kenneth A , Leucht Philipp 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Chronic use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for the treatment of depression has been linked to osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic SSRI use on fracture healing in two murine models of bone regeneration. First, we performed a comprehensive analysis of endochondral bone healing in a femur fracture model. C57/BL6 mice treated with fluoxetine, the most commonly prescribed SSRI, developed a normal cartilaginous soft-callus at 14 days after fracture and demonstrated a significantly smaller and biomechanically weaker bony hard-callus at 28 days. In order to further dissect the mechanism that resulted in a smaller bony regenerate, we used an intramembranous model of bone healing and revealed that fluoxetine treatment resulted in a significantly smaller bony callus at 7 and 14 days postinjury. In order to test whether the smaller bony regenerate following fluoxetine treatment was caused by an inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and/or mineralization, we employed in vitro experiments, which established that fluoxetine treatment decreases osteogenic differentiation and mineralization and that this effect is serotonin-independent. Finally, in a translational approach, we tested whether cessation of the medication would result in restoration of the regenerative potential. However, histologic and μCT analysis revealed non-union formation in these animals with fibrous tissue interposition within the callus. In conclusion, fluoxetine exerts a direct, inhibitory effect on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, shown in two disparate murine models of bone repair. Discontinuation of the drug did not result in restoration of the healing potential, but rather led to complete arrest of the repair process. Besides the well-established effect of SSRIs on bone homeostasis, our study provides strong evidence that fluoxetine use negatively impacts fracture healing. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hand‐assisted laparoscopic left hepatectomy: how I do it
Authors: Cheek Susannah M. , Sucandy Iswanto , Geller David A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLaparoscopic liver resection has been adopted slowly due to concerns for bleeding and oncologic outcomes. Currently, over 9,500 laparoscopic liver resections have been performed and reported worldwide. Numerous studies have shown the safety and oncologic equivalence of laparoscopic liver resection when compared to open resection. Pure laparoscopic and hand‐assisted laparoscopic liver resection are the two most commonly used techniques for minimally invasive liver resection surgery. Advantages of the hand‐port include tactile feedback, facilitation of liver mobilization, and ease of ability to control bleeding. We present a case report with video of a hand‐assisted laparoscopic left liver resection for a hepatocellular carcinoma in a non‐cirrhotic patient.
Patient‐specific 3D FLAIR for enhanced visualization of brain white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gabr Refaat E. , Pednekar Amol S. , Govindarajan Koushik A. , Sun Xiaojun , Riascos Roy F. , Ramírez María G. , Hasan Khader M. , Lincoln John A. , Nelson Flavia , Wolinsky Jerry S. , Narayana Ponnada A. 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo improve the conspicuity of white matter lesions (WMLs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) using patient‐specific optimization of single‐slab 3D fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsSixteen MS patients were enrolled in a prospective 3.0T MRI study. FLAIR inversion time and echo time were automatically optimized for each patient during the same scan session based on measurements of the relative proton density and relaxation times of the brain tissues. The optimization criterion was to maximize the contrast between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), while suppressing cerebrospinal fluid. This criterion also helps increase the contrast between WMLs and WM. The performance of the patient‐specific 3D FLAIR protocol relative to the fixed‐parameter protocol was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively.ResultsPatient‐specific optimization achieved a statistically significant 41% increase in the GM‐WM contrast ratio (P < 0.05) and 32% increase in the WML‐WM contrast ratio (P < 0.01) compared with fixed‐parameter FLAIR. The increase in WML‐WM contrast ratio correlated strongly with echo time (P < 10‐11). Two experienced neuroradiologists indicated substantially higher lesion conspicuity on the patient‐specific FLAIR images over conventional FLAIR in 3–4 cases (intrarater correlation coefficient ICC = 0.72). In no case was the image quality of patient‐specific FLAIR considered inferior to conventional FLAIR by any of the raters (ICC = 0.32).ConclusionChanges in proton density and relaxation times render fixed‐parameter FLAIR suboptimal in terms of lesion contrast. Patient‐specific optimization of 3D FLAIR increases lesion conspicuity without scan time penalty, and has potential to enhance the detection of subtle and small lesions in MS.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:557–564
The chemical nature of organic phosphorus that accumulates in fertilized soils of a temperate pasture as determined by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy
Authors: McLaren Timothy I. , Smernik Ronald J. , Simpson Richard J. , McLaughlin Michael J. , McBeath Therese M. , Guppy Christopher N. , Richardson Alan E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInefficiency of fertilizer phosphorus (P) use in grazing systems is often associated with the accumulation of inorganic and organic P in fertilized soil. However, the chemical nature of the accumulated organic P remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to use solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on sodium hydroxide–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaOH‐EDTA) extracts to identify the chemical nature of organic P in soils from a medium‐term (13 years) permanent pasture field experiment. This included an unfertilized pasture (P0), and treatments designed to maintain soil P fertility at near ‘optimum' (P1) and ‘supra‐optimum' (P2) levels for pasture growth; pastures at all levels of soil P fertility were continuously grazed with either a moderate or high stocking rate (SR09 and SR18). Approximately 20% of the fertilizer P added to pastures was recovered as organic P in NaOH‐EDTA extracts at the P1 level of soil P fertility in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and the majority (≈ 65%) of this was detected as the broad phosphomonoester signal. In addition, several specific forms of phosphomonoesters (myo‐ and scyllo‐inositol hexakisphosphate, α‐ and β‐glycerophosphate, and RNA mononucleotides) and phosphodiesters were detected across all soils but at low concentrations. This study shows that phosphate fertilization of pastures primarily results in the accumulation of complex forms of phosphomonoesters rather than that of specific forms of recognizable biomolecules (e.g., myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate).
Distribution of exogenous phytase activity in soil solid–liquid phases and their effect on soil organic P hydrolysis
Authors: Yang Xiao Z. , Chen Li J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe bioavailability and stability of organic phosphorus (P) in the soil may be affected by exogenous phytase (EPase) activity and distribution, but remain poorly understood. The distribution of EPase activity and hydrolysis ability of EPase on organic P in soil solid‐liquid phases was investigated. The EPase addition to soil suspension (1:20, w/v) from three soil types (red soil, brown soil, and cinnamon soil) under three treatments (untreated soil, removing clay from soil, and removing organic matter from soil) with different characters in the solution and solid phases was assayed. The results showed that the disappearance pattern of EPase activity from solution was similar for all soils, whereas the enzyme activity on the solid phase was dependent on soil types and treatments with the greatest in red soil and untreated soil. When EPase was added to soils, the adsorption ratio of organic matter and clay was 10 to 25% and 3 to 7%, respectively, with sorption capacity of organic matter being significantly (p< 0.05) stronger than that of clay. Additionally, soil dehydrogenase activity, which is the indicator of overall soil microbial activities, increased after EPase addition and the two enzymes showed significant negative relation in the soil suspension and solution. At the same time, the organic P decreased significantly (p< 0.05) after the addition of EPase in the soil solid, which had a varied rate under –40% after incubating 192 h, whereas organic P in the solution phase increased significantly (p< 0.05). This study demonstrated that organic matter had a strong protective and adsorptive effect on EPase effectiveness and microbes mightbe directly affect EPase longevity and decay. This finding suggests that EPase activity in the solid phase played a more important role in organic P hydrolysis.
Mental Health of Transgender Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Conflicts Who Experienced Military Sexual Trauma
Authors: Lindsay Jan A. , Keo‐Meier Colt , Hudson Sonora , Walder Annette , Martin Lindsey A. , Kauth Michael R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLittle is known about military sexual trauma (MST) in transgender veterans. To address this gap, we examined archival data regarding transgender veterans from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. There were 332 transgender veterans treated at the Veterans Health Administration between 2000 and 2013 (78 men, 254 women; mean age 33.86 years), with most being non‐Hispanic White. Transgender status and mental health conditions were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD‐9; World Health Organization, 1980) codes and chart review. Men and women were analyzed separately, using contingency tables and χ2 testing for categorical variables and t tests for continuous variables. Likelihood of having a mental health condition and MST were examined using logistic regression. Among the 15% of participants who experienced MST, MST was associated with the likelihood of posttraumatic stress disorder, adjusted OR = 6.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.22, 30.44] and personality disorder, OR = 3.86, 95% CI [1.05, 14.22] for men and with depressive, OR = 3.33, 95% CI [1.12, 9.93], bipolar, OR = 2.87, 95% CI [1.12, 7.44], posttraumatic stress, OR = 2.42, [1.11, 5.24], and personality disorder, OR = 4.61, 95% CI [2.02, 10.52] for women. Implications include that medical forms should include gender identity and biological gender and that MST treatment should be culturally competent.
Impact of short sleep on metabolic variables in obese children with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Bhushan Bharat , Ayub Bushra , Thompson Dana M. , Abdullah Fizan , Billings Kathleen R. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze the association between sleep duration, metabolic variables, and insulin resistance in obese children with and without obstructive sleep apnea. The decline in sleep duration has paralleled a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes, suggesting a mechanistic relationship.Study DesignRetrospective, case series.MethodsConsecutive obese patients 3 to 12 years of age who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and a metabolic panel and who completed a 14‐item sleep questionnaire were analyzed. All laboratory testing was conducted within 3 months of PSG. Total sleep times were obtained from the PSG and confirmed by the questionnaire.ResultsA total of 171 patients (55.0% male) were studied. All patients were obese (body mass index [BMI] z score > 95th percentile). Patients were categorized into three groups: short sleepers, borderline sleepers, and optimal sleepers. Eighty‐six (50.3%) patients were short sleepers, 71 (41.5%) were borderline sleepers, and 14 (8.2%) were optimal sleepers. The mean BMI z score was 3.13 ± 1.3 in short sleepers, 3.3 ± 1.1 in borderline sleepers, and 3.5 ± 1.5 in optimal sleepers (P = .39). There was no statistical difference in high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein levels (P = .21 and P = .76, respectively) and total cholesterol (P = .43) among subgroups. Triglycerides, blood glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance were significantly higher in short sleepers when compared to borderline or normal sleepers (P = .008, P < .001, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively).ConclusionsShort sleep duration was correlated with alterations in metabolic variables and insulin resistance in obese patients. This raises concern for development of comorbid conditions that can persist into adulthood.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:2176–2181, 2017
Mechanically Robust Hybrid Hydrogels for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Das Sujoy , Chakraborty Priyadarshi , Nandi Arun K. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryConducting dihybrid(GP), trihybrid(GPPS) hydrogels have been constructed using 5,5'‐(1,3,5,7‐tetraoxopyrrolo[3,4‐f]isoindole‐2,6‐diyl) diisophthalic acid (P), graphene oxide(GO,G) and PEDOT:PSS(PS). These gels are well characterised by SEM, TEM, rheology, FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy. GP hybrid gels display higher mechanical stability, compared to the P gel. GPPS trihybrid gels shows dc‐conductivity up to 0.011 Scm−1. In gel state it shows rectification property with a highest rectification ratio of 61; however, the xerogels exhibit semiconducting nature. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are engineered using the GPPS gels as active materials and exhibit a maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.46%.
Synthesis and Studies on Water Swelling Behaviour of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels
Authors: Bhadani Reena , Mitra Uttam Kumar 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe polymerization was carried out under the different concentrations of acrylamide and crosslinker in an aqueous solution of NO2 gas as initiator at 50°C. The resulting polyacrylamide was saponified with NaOH solution. The hydrolysed polymers show high degree of water swelling (>500) than that of unhydrolysed polymers (<100). Swellability of the gel decreases with the increasing concentration of N, N’‐ methylene bisacrylamide − a crosslinker which enhances the degree of crosslinking in the polymer chains. The increased crosslinking restricts the expansion of polymer network which causes the lowering of the water absorbency. It was observed that polymer hydration increased with the molar mass of polyacrylamide. The swellability of polyacrylamide hydrogels is greatly lowered by the addition of ionic salts in the swelling medium. Both ionic strength and valency of the salts are responsible to decrease the water uptaking capacity of the gels which remain unaffected by nondessociating nature of urea. The hydrogels, so prepared, are stable and quite able to undergo swelling − deswelling cycles suggesting their reversible characters.
Temperature‐Induced Phase Transition in Aqueous Solutions of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐Based Block Copolymer
Authors: Spěváček Jiří , Konefał Rafał , Dybal Jiří 
Published: November 2016

SummaryTemperature‐induced phase transition in D2O solutions of the poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAm) block copolymer was investigated and compared with the LCST transition of the PNIPAm homopolymer. We confirmed that the temperature behavior of solutions of the PEO‐b‐PNIPAm in NMR spectra is in accord with existence of micelles where immobilized PNIPAm blocks form rather compact core and mobile PEO blocks form a shell of micelles. By combination of NMR and IR spectroscopy, and DSC we have found that the phase transition and globular structures of the PNIPAm component are significantly affected by the presence of the PEO block. E.g., at temperatures above the phase transition the degree of dehydration of PNIPAm segments (CO groups) is two times larger in the block copolymer in comparison with the neat PNIPAm. 2D NOESY spectra revealed certain conformation changes in the solution of the PEO‐b‐PNIPAm block copolymer already in the pretransition region.
Development of an Elongational‐Flow Microprocess for the Production of Size‐Controlled Nanoemulsions: Application to the Preparation of Monodispersed Polymer Nanoparticles and Composite Polymeric Microparticles
Authors: Yu Wei , Serra Christophe A. , Khan Ikram U. , Er‐Rafik Meriem , Schmutz Marc , Kraus Isabelle , Ding Shukai , Zhang Lixiong , Bouquey Michel , Muller René 
Published: November 2016

A three‐step microfluidic process is proposed for the production of composite plain and Janus polymeric microparticles doped with polymer nanoparticles. These monodispersed microparticles are prepared by means of capillaries‐based microfluidic droplet generators from a dispersed phase obtained after the thermally induced or UV‐initiated miniemulsion polymerization of size‐controlled oil‐in‐water monomer‐based nanoemulsions produced in a novel elongational‐flow microemulsifier. Nanodroplets and polymer microparticles sizes are conveniently varied by tuning the different process parameters, namely, the reciprocating flow rate through the emulsifier microchannel and number of cycles for the former and flow rates of all immiscible phases for the latter. As such, 300 µm plain poly(acrylamide) microparticles and 400 µm poly(acrylamide)/doped poly(acrylamide) Janus microparticles containing 230 nm poly(tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles embedded selectively into one poly(acrylamide) domain are successfully prepared. This microfluidic process represents a facile route to the synthesis of multiscale and multidomain composite polymeric microparticles.
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Edge stabilization and consistent tying of constituents at Neumann boundaries in multi‐constituent mixture models
Authors: Gajendran Harishanker , Hall Richard B. , Masud Arif 
Published: November 2016

SummaryA mixture‐theory‐based model for multi‐constituent solids is presented where each constituent is governed by its own balance laws and constitutive equations. Interactive forces between constituents that emanate from maximization of entropy production inequality provide the coupling between constituent‐specific balance laws and constitutive models. The deformation of multi‐constituent mixtures at the Neumann boundaries requires imposing inter‐constituent coupling constraints such that the constituents deform in a self‐consistent fashion. A set of boundary conditions is presented that accounts for the non‐zero applied tractions, and a variationally consistent method is developed to enforce inter‐constituent constraints at Neumann boundaries in the finite deformation context. The new method finds roots in a local multiscale decomposition of the deformation map at the Neumann boundary. Locally satisfying the Lagrange multiplier field and subsequent modeling of the fine scales via edge bubble functions result in closed‐form expressions for a generalized penalty tensor and a weighted numerical flux that are free from tunable parameters. The key novelty is that the consistently derived constituent coupling parameters evolve with material and geometric nonlinearity, thereby resulting in optimal enforcement of inter‐constituent constraints. Various benchmark problems are presented to validate the method and show its range of application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Vitrolipolysis is associated with whole‐body lipid oxidation and weight gain in humans
Authors: Frankl Joseph , Piaggi Paolo , Foley James E. , Krakoff Jonathan , Votruba Susanne B. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the association of adipocyte size with cellular lipolysis and between cellular lipolysis and whole‐body lipid oxidation. This study also assessed the association between adipocyte size and cellular lipolysis with weight and fat mass gain.MethodsSubjects had assessment of percent body fat (%fat) and adipose tissue biopsy forin vitrolipolysis (n =325), and a subset of subjects had measurement of whole‐body lipid oxidation (n =112). A subset of subjects (n =243) returned for repeated measurements of body weight and composition (mean follow‐up 8.2 ± 5.5 years).ResultsIn vitrolipolysis (r =0.47,P <0.0001) and adipocyte size (r =0.49,P <0.0001) were strongly associated with %fat.In vitrolipolysis (P =0.04) but not adipocyte size (P =0.44) was associated with whole‐body fat oxidation. Adipocyte size was not associated with rate of percent weight gain (P =0.20) but was negatively associated with rate of percent fat mass gain (P =0.01).In vitrolipolysis was negatively associated with rate of percent weight gain (P =0.02) and had a marginal negative association with rate of percent fat mass gain (P =0.08).ConclusionsThese results indicate inherent characteristics of adipocytes, including size and lipolytic activity, may be important determinants of whole‐body lipid oxidation and subsequent weight gain.
Robust stabilization of hybrid uncertain stochastic systems by discrete‐time feedback control
Authors: Li Yuyuan , Lu Jianqiu , Kou Chunhai , Mao Xuerong , Pan Jiafeng 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis paper aims to stabilize hybrid stochastic differential equations with norm‐bounded uncertainties by feedback controls based on the discrete‐time observations of both state and mode. The control structure appears only in the drift part (the deterministic part) of a stochastic differential equations, and the controlled system will be robustly exponentially stable in mean square. Our stabilization criteria are in terms of linear matrix inequalities whence the feedback controls can be designed more easily in practice. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.