bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circumcision does not alter long-term glucocorticoids accumulation or psychological effects associated with trauma- and stressor-related disorders
Authors: Ullmann E , Licinio J , Barthel A , Petrowski K , Oratovski B , Stalder T , Kirschbaum C , Bornstein S R 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMale infants and boys through early adolescence can undergo circumcision either for the sake of upholding religious traditions or for medical reasons. According to both, Jewish as well as Islamic tenets, circumcision is a religious rite symbolizing the bond with God. The World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Council (UNC) as well as the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) strongly recommend circumcision to promote hygiene and prevent disease. This procedure has frequently been criticized by various communities claiming that circumcision in infancy and early adolescence were psychologically traumatizing with medical implications up into old age. Due to the lack of evidence concerning an alleged increase in vulnerability, we measured objective and subjective stress and trauma markers, including glucocorticoids from hair samples, in circumcised and non-circumcised males. We found no differences in long-term limbic–hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity, subjective stress perception, anxiety, depressiveness, physical complaints, sense of coherence and resilience. Rather, an increase in the glucocorticoid levels indicated a healthy lifestyle and appropriate functioning. Thus, our findings provide evidence that male circumcision does not promote psychological trauma. Moreover, a qualitative approach, the ambivalence construct, was used for the discussion, aiming at a discourse devoid of biases.
Modeling anorexia nervosa: transcriptional insights from human iPSC-derived neurons
Authors: Negraes P D , Cugola F R , Herai R H , Trujillo C A , Cristino A S , Chailangkarn T , Muotri A R , Duvvuri V 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and multifactorial disorder occurring predominantly in women. Despite having the highest mortality among psychiatric conditions, it still lacks robust and effective treatment. Disorders such as AN are most likely syndromes with multiple genetic contributions, however, genome-wide studies have been underpowered to reveal associations with this uncommon illness. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from adolescent females with AN and unaffected controls. These iPSCs were differentiated into neural cultures and subjected to extensive transcriptome analysis. Within a small cohort of patients who presented for treatment, we identified a novel gene that appears to contribute to AN pathophysiology,TACR1(tachykinin 1 receptor). The participation of tachykinins in a variety of biological processes and their interactions with other neurotransmitters suggest novel mechanisms for how a disrupted tachykinin system might contribute to AN symptoms. AlthoughTACR1has been associated with psychiatric conditions, especially anxiety disorders, we believe this report is its first association with AN. Moreover, our human iPSC approach is a proof-of-concept that AN can be modeledin vitrowith a full human genetic complement, and represents a new tool for understanding the elusive molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the disease.
Considerations for Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients With Unilateral or Asymmetric Hearing Loss: Assessment, Device Fitting, and Habilitation
Authors: Greaver Laura , Eskridge Hannah , Teagle Holly F. B. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this clinical report is to present case studies of children who are nontraditional candidates for cochlear implantation because they have significant residual hearing in 1 ear and to describe outcomes and considerations for their audiological management and habilitation.MethodCase information is presented for 5 children with profound hearing loss in 1 ear and normal or mild-to-moderate hearing loss in the opposite ear and who have undergone unilateral cochlear implantation. Pre- and postoperative assessments were performed per typical clinic routines with modifications described. Postimplant habilitation was customized for each recipient using a combination of traditional methods, newer technologies, and commercial materials.ResultsThe 5 children included in this report are consistent users of their cochlear implants and demonstrate speech recognition in the implanted ear when isolated from the better hearing ear.ConclusionsCandidacy criteria for cochlear implantation are evolving. Children with single-sided deafness or asymmetric hearing loss who have traditionally not been considered candidates for cochlear implantation should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Audiological management of these recipients is not vastly different compared with children who are traditional cochlear implant recipients. Assessment and habilitation techniques must be modified to isolate the implanted ear to obtain accurate results and to provide meaningful therapeutic intervention.
Evaluation of Hearing Sensitivity in Young Adults With Normal Hearing Using a 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Response With CE-Chirp
Authors: Maeda Hidehiko , Tamashige Eiko , Iwasaki Narumi , Urano Daisuke , Kanazawa Ayaka 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The present study aimed to measure hearing sensitivity in young adults with normal hearing using a 40-Hz auditory steady-state response with CE-Chirp and to evaluate the speed and accuracy of this method.

Method
Twelve young adults (1 man, 11 women; mean age = 22.1 ± 3.1 years) each completed two auditory steady-state response measurement sessions with CE-Chirp. The difference score was calculated at each of the four pure-tone frequencies. The measurement time and residual noise level in all stimulus levels were also determined.

Results

The difference scores across the 4 frequencies ranged within ±10 dB (1st: 58% to 71%, 2nd: 54% to 79%), within 20 dB (1st: 79% to 96%, 2nd: 79% to 100%), and ≥ 30 dB (1st: 4% to 17%, 2nd: 0% to 17%). The measurement times for both ears were approximately 20 min in both sessions. There was a significant correlation between the measurement time and the mean residual noise level for pooled frequencies in all stimulus levels (
p
= .0001249,
r
= .70). The measurement time was reduced by approximately 50% from conventional auditory steady-state response measurement.

Conclusion
The results of this preliminary study support the use of this technology as a rapid and accurate method for behavioral auditory threshold evaluation.
Percutaneous Management of Benign and Postoperative Biliary Strictures
Authors: Arellano Ronald , Shao Haibo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBiliary strictures are an uncommon yet challenging clinical problem. They are often iatrogenic in nature, usually the consequence of hepatobiliary surgery. Although the etiology may be benign, the clinical consequences, if unrecognized, can progress to ascending cholangitis, sepsis, and hepatic abscesses. Optimal treatment requires expertise and input from multiple specialties, including gastroenterology, surgery, infectious disease, and interventional radiology. Currently, available interventional techniques play a critical role in the management of patients with benign biliary strictures.
Treatment Options in Gastrointestinal Cutaneous Fistulas
Authors: Ashkenazi Itamar , Turégano-Fuentes Fernando , Olsha Oded , Alfici Ricardo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEnterocutaneous fistulas occur most commonly following surgery. A minority of them is caused by a myriad of other etiologies including infection, malignancy, and radiation. While some fistulas may close spontaneously, most patients will eventually need surgery to resolve this pathology. Successful treatment entails adoption of various methods of treatment aimed at control of sepsis, protection of surrounding skin and soft tissue, control of fistula output, and maintenance of nutrition, with eventual spontaneous or surgical closure of the fistula. The aim of this article is to review the various treatment options in their appropriate context.
Increasing Calcium Level Limits Schwann Cell Numbers In Vitro following Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Yang Kai , Yan Yuhui , Zhang Lin-Ling , Agresti Michael , Matloub Hani , LoGiudice John , Havlik Robert , Yan Ji-Geng 
Published: March 2017

Background After peripheral nerve injury, there is an increase in calcium concentration in the injured nerves. Our previous publications have shown that increase in calcium concentration correlated well with degree of nerve injury and that local infusion of calcitonin has a beneficial effect on nerve recovery. Schwann cells play a pivotal role in regeneration and recovery. We aim to examine cultured Schwann cell survivals in various concentrations of calcium-containing growth media and the effect of calcitonin in such media.
Methods To establish baseline in postinjury state, crush injury was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats' sciatic nerves. Extra- and intraneural calcium concentrations were measured. To study Schwann cell survival, uninjured sciatic nerve segment was harvested and cultured in media containing various amounts of calcium. To study the effect of calcitonin, nerve harvest and culture were done in four additional media: (1) normal control, (2) normal control with calcitonin, (3) high calcium medium, and (4) high calcium medium with calcitonin. Schwann cells were studied and analyzed under fluorescent conditions.
Results With increasing calcium concentration, there was a significant decrease in the number of Schwann cells. For the experimental groups, in which calcitonin had been added to the growth medium, there were similar amounts of Schwann cells present in both high and low calcium-containing medium.
Conclusion Schwann cells are sensitive to increasing calcium concentration. Calcitonin counteracts the detrimental effects of high calcium on Schwann cell survival. This can have significant future clinical implications for patients with peripheral nerve injuries.
Wettability effect on nanoconfined water flow
Authors: Wu Keliu , Chen Zhangxin , Li Jing , Li Xiangfang , Xu Jinze , Dong Xiaohu 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The flow of water confined in nanopores is significantly different from that of bulk water. Moreover, understanding and controlling the flow of the confined water remains an open question, especially concerning whether the flow capacity of the confined water increases or not compared with that of bulk water. Here, combining a theoretical analysis and data from molecular dynamics simulations and experiments in the literature we develop a simple model for the flow of water confined in nanopores. We find that a contact angle and a nanopore dimension may substantially affect the confined water flow. We also quantitatively explain a controversy over an increase or decrease in flow capacity.
Naturally occurring fluorescence in frogs
Authors: Taboada Carlos , Brunetti Andrés E. , Pedron Federico N. , Carnevale Neto Fausto , Estrin Darío A. , Bari Sara E. , Chemes Lucía B. , Peporine Lopes Norberto , Lagorio María G. , Faivovich Julián 
Published: March 2017

Significance
In this interdisciplinary study, we report naturally occurring fluorescence in amphibians; specifically, in a common South American tree frog. We show that fluorescence is traceable to a class of compound that occurs in lymph and skin glands. Our study indicates that in our model species, in low-light conditions, fluorescence accounts for an important fraction of the total emerging light, largely enhancing brightness of the individuals and matching the sensitivity of night vision in amphibians. These findings open an exciting perspective into frog visual physiology and ecology and into the role of fluorescence in terrestrial environments, where classically it has been considered irrelevant.
Isolation and amino acid sequence of a dehydratase acting on d-erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate from Pseudomonas sp. N99, and its application in the production of optically active 3-hydroxyaspartate
Authors: Nagano Hiroyuki , Shibano Kana , Matsumoto Yu , Yokota Atsushi , Wada Masaru 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
An enzyme catalyzing the ammonia-lyase reaction for the conversion of d-erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate to oxaloacetate was purified from the cell-free extract of a soil-isolated bacterium Pseudomonas sp. N99. The enzyme exhibited ammonia-lyase activity toward l-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate and d-erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate, but not toward other 3-hydroxyaspartate isomers. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme, which belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family, shows similarity to the sequence of l-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.16) from Pseudomonas sp. T62 (74%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (64%) and serine racemase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (65%). These results suggest that the enzyme is similar to l-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate ammonia-lyase from Pseudomonas sp. T62, which does not act on d-erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate. We also then used the recombinant enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli to produce optically pure l-erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate and d-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate from the corresponding dl-racemic mixtures. The enzymatic resolution reported here is one of the simplest and the first enzymatic method that can be used for obtaining optically pure l-erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate.
Quantum size confinement in gallium selenide nanosheets: band gap tunability versus stability limitation
Authors: Andres-Penares Daniel , Cros Ana , Martínez-Pastor Juan P , Sánchez-Royo Juan F 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Gallium selenide is one of the most promising candidates to extend the window of band gap values provided by existing two-dimensional semiconductors deep into the visible potentially reaching the ultraviolet. However, the tunability of its band gap by means of quantum confinement effects is still unknown, probably due to poor nanosheet stability. Here, we demonstrate that the optical band gap band of GaSe nanosheets can be tuned by ∼120 meV from bulk to 8 nm thick. The luminescent response of very thin nanosheets (<8 nm) is strongly quenched due to early oxidation. Oxidation favors the emergence of sharp material nanospikes at the surface attributable to strain relaxation. Simultaneously, incorporated oxygen progressively replaces selenium giving rise to Ga2O3, with a residual presence of Ga2Se3 that tends to desorb. These results are relevant for the development and design of visible/ultraviolet electronics and optoelectronics with tunable functionalities based on atomically thin GaSe.
PathwayMapper: a collaborative visual web editor for cancer pathways and genomic data
Authors: Bahceci Istemi , Dogrusoz Ugur , La Konnor C , Babur Özgün , Gao Jianjiong , Schultz Nikolaus 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Motivation
While existing network visualization tools enable the exploration of cancer genomics data, most biologists prefer simplified, curated pathway diagrams, such as those featured in many manuscripts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These pathway diagrams typically summarize how a pathway is altered in individual cancer types, including alteration frequencies for each gene.

Results
To address this need, we developed the web-based tool PathwayMapper, which runs in most common web browsers. It can be used for viewing pre-curated cancer pathways, or as a graphical editor for creating new pathways, with the ability to overlay genomic alteration data from cBioPortal. In addition, a collaborative mode is available that allows scientists to co-operate interactively on constructing pathways, with support for concurrent modifications and built-in conflict resolution.

Availability and Implementation
The PathwayMapper tool is accessible at http://pathwaymapper.org and the code is available on Github (https://github.com/iVis-at-Bilkent/pathway-mapper).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Anterior Trunk Mobility Does Not Predict Disability in Elderly Women With Acute Low Back Pain
Authors: Felicio Diogo Carvalho , Pereira Daniele Sirineu , Diz Juliano Bergamaschine Mata , Queiroz Barbara Zille de , Silva Juscelio Pereira da , Leopoldino Amanda Aparecida Oliveira , Pereira Leani Souza Maximo 
Published: March 2017

Study Design.
Cross-sectional, ancillary study of an international multicenter epidemiological study.

Objective.
To investigate the relationship of the anterior trunk mobility with self-report and physical performance measures in elderly women with acute low back pain (LBP).

Summary of Background Data.
LBP is one of the most prevalent pain complaints in the elderly population. It is postulated that the increased range of motion of limited joints of the trunk may improve LBP and functionality of patients. Recent studies have, however, questioned the association between trunk range of motion and the functional status.

Methods.
The present study included a convenience sample of elderly women from the community aged 60 years and older who presented with a new (acute) episode of LBP. Volunteers with severe diseases and visual, hearing and mobility losses, or cognitive impairment were excluded. Trunk mobility was assessed by the fingertip-to-floor test. Functionality was assessed by the Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RMQ) and gait speed test. Statistical analysis was performed by using hierarchical linear regression model.

Results.
Data from 459 elderly women, mean age of 69.0 (6.1) years old, were used to describe this report. The additional predictive value for the inclusion of independent variable trunk mobility was only 4.4% in the RMQ score and 1.5% in the gait speed test, respectively. A reduced hierarchical linear regression model showed that the significant predictors for RMQ and gait speed test were body mass index, pain intensity, and trunk mobility.

Conclusion.
This was the first study to investigate the relationship between trunk mobility and functionality in elderly women with acute LBP. The results suggest that these clinical parameters are independent from each other.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Study of Selected BRCA1, BRCA2, and PIK3CA Mutations in Benign and Malignant Lesions of Anogenital Mammary–Like Glands
Authors: Konstantinova Anastasia M. , Shelekhova Ksenya V. , Imyanitov Evgeny N. , Iyevleva Aglaya , Kacerovska Denisa , Michal Michal , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:Anogenital mammary–like glands (AGMLGs) are nowadays considered a normal component of the anogenital area. Lesions involving AGMLGs are histopathologically very similar to their mammary counterparts, but the information on molecular biological mechanisms in these vulvar/perianal tumors is scarce. Mutations in the PI3K-AKT cascade have been found in hidradenoma papilliferum. The authors studied selectedBRCA1,BRCA2, andPIK3CAmutations in series of benign and malignant neoplasms thought to be associated with AGMLGs, including 9 cases of primary extramammary Paget disease, 3 different cases of mammary-type carcinoma (adenoid cystic like, tubulolobular, and invasive ductal like), and 5 cases of hidradenoma papilliferum. NoBRCAmutation was detected, whereas 3 neoplasms yieldedPIK3CAmutation, including extramammary Paget disease, mammary-type invasive ductal carcinoma, and tubulolobular carcinoma. Our study expands the spectrum of lesions of AGMLGs harboring mutations in genes encoding the PI3K-AKT cascade. Further studies of the wholeBRCA1andBRCA2genes using a larger cohort are needed to clarify their role in the pathogenesis of AGMLG lesions.
Scrotal Melanoma: A Systematic Review of Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes
Authors: Zikry Joseph , Chapman Lance W. , Korta Dorota Z. , Smith Janellen 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND
Primary male genital melanomas are rare. Of these, scrotal melanoma is the least common, and is unfortunately often detected late in the disease course.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcome of scrotal melanoma to aid clinician management.

METHODS
Systematic literature review of PubMed, yielding 23 cases, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS
Although previously thought to have the best outcome of genitourinary melanomas, scrotal melanomas are associated with high mortality and late presentation. Scrotal melanoma presented as Stage I/II disease 18.75% of the time, Stage III 56.3% of the time, and Stage IV 25% of the time, whereas typical cutaneous melanoma presents as Stage I/II disease 84% of the time, Stage III 8% of the time, and Stage IV 4% of the time. Half of patients experienced recurrence of their disease. All patients who presented with metastases to distant organs died.

LIMITATIONS
Small sample size. Few cases described a Breslow's depth making it difficult to draw conclusions on tumor thickness and survival outcome.

CONCLUSION
Scrotal melanoma is rare, aggressive, and is often caught late in the disease course. The authors encourage dermatologists to educate patients and destigmatize genital lesions to increase the likelihood of earlier detection and better patient outcomes.
Preoperative Radiotherapy Is Not Associated with Increased Post-mastectomy Short-term Morbidity: Analysis of 77,902 Patients
Authors: Baltodano Pablo A. , Reinhardt Myrna Eliann , Flores José M. , Abreu Francis M. , Chattha Anmol , Kone Lyonell , Cooney Carisa M. , Manahan Michele A. , Zellars Richard C. , Rosson Gedge D. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NRT) enhances breast-conserving surgery outcomes, reducing local recurrence of breast cancer and increasing median survival. However, its effect on postoperative morbidity remains under-studied. We sought to assess the impact of NRT on 30-day postoperative morbidity after mastectomy.

Methods:
We analyzed data from women undergoing mastectomy (with or without immediate reconstruction) using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) 2005–2011 datasets. ACS-NSQIP is a prospective, risk-adjusted, outcomes-based registry. Data included demographic and perioperative factors. Outcomes studied included surgical site (wound and prosthesis/flap complications), systemic (cardiac, respiratory, neurological, urinary, and venous thromboembolism events), and overall morbidity. Logistic regression was used to estimate the unadjusted odds ratio (uOR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) between NRT and postoperative 30-day morbidity.

Results:
The study population included 77,902 women, of which 61,039 (78.4%) underwent mastectomy only and 16,863 (21.6%) underwent mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction. NRT was administered to 266 (0.4%) mastectomy-only and 75 (0.4%) immediate breast reconstruction patients. In the mastectomy-only group, there were no significant differences in the rates of postoperative surgical site morbidity (aOR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76–2.63; P = 0.276), systemic morbidity (aOR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.40–1.26; P = 0.252), and overall morbidity (aOR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.54–1.33; P = 0.477) between NRT and control groups. Similarly, no significant differences were found for these three outcomes in the immediate breast reconstruction population. Statistical power for every comparison was >80%.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that NRT is not associated with significantly higher 30-day postoperative complications among breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction.