bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating the causal relationship of mechanical power and lung injury: a dynamic approach to ventilator management
Authors: Wu ChaoPing , Canakoglu Arif , Vine Jacob , Mathur Anya , Nath Ronit , Kashiouris Markos , Mathur Piyush , Ercole Ari , Elbers Paul , Duggal Abhijit , Wong Ken Koon , Bhattacharyya Anirban 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Mechanical power (MP) serves as a crucial predictive indicator for ventilator-induced lung injury and plays a pivotal role in tailoring the management of mechanical ventilation. However, its application across different diseases and stages remains nuanced.

Methods
Using AmsterdamUMCdb, we conducted a retrospective study to analyze the causal relationship between MP and outcomes of invasive mechanical ventilation, specifically SpO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F) and ventilator-free days at day 28 (VFD28). We employed causal inferential analysis with backdoor linear regression and double machine learning, guided by directed acyclic graphs, to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) in the whole population and conditional average treatment effect (CATE) in the individual cohort. Additionally, to enhance interpretability and identify MP thresholds, we conducted a simulation analysis.

Results
In the study, we included 11,110 unique admissions into analysis, of which 58.3% (6391) were surgical admissions. We revealed a negative and significant causal effect of median MP on VFD28, with estimated ATEs of −0.135 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.15 to −0.121). The similar effect was not observed in Maximal MP and minimal MP. The effect of MP was more pronounced in the medical subgroup, with a CATE of −0.173 (95% CI: −0.197 to −0.143) determined through backdoor linear regression. Patients with cardio, respiratory, and infection diagnoses, who required long-term intubation, sustained higher impact on CATEs across various admission diagnoses. Our simulations showed that there is no single MP threshold that can be applied to all patients, as the optimal threshold varies depending on the patient’s condition.

Conclusion
Our study underscores the importance of tailoring MP adjustments on an individualized basis in ventilator management. This approach opens up new avenues for personalized treatment strategies and provides fresh insights into the real-time impact of MP in diverse clinical scenarios. It highlights the significance of median MP while acknowledging the absence of universally applicable thresholds.
Assessment of changes in menstrual pattern, menstrual volume, and sex hormones (FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin, and AMH) in women of childbearing age with COVID-19 in Semnan, Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vafaeinezhad Zahra , Sarandili Sadra , Mousavi Safa , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Rahmanian Mojgan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction and objectives
Women’s reproductive and fertility health may be influenced by COVID-19. However, data on whether SARS-CoV-2 infection affects menstrual pattern, menstrual volume, and sex hormone levels remain limited. This study aimed to investigate changes in the pattern and volume of menstruation as well as levels of FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin, and AMH in women of reproductive age following COVID-19.

Patients and methods
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 30 healthy women (aged 18–36 years) who presented with male-factor infertility. Participants were included if they were non-menopausal, had negative pregnancy test results, and no history of significant medical illness or drug treatment. Women using contraceptive treatments or who had undergone specific therapeutic procedures or medications for infertility were excluded. Additionally, women who were vaccinated against COVID-19 were excluded. All participants had a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis (positive PCR test). To minimize acute-phase fluctuations, we re-evaluated participants 5- to 7-month post-infection. We compared pre- and post-infection hormone levels from their medical records, and we used a screening checklist to assess menstrual pattern (e.g., oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea) and menstrual volume. Each participant effectively served as her own control. Data were analyzed at a 95% confidence level with P < 0.05 considered significant.

Results
The mean (± SD) age was 29.23 ± 3.45 years. Nearly one-third (33%) reported new-onset changes in menstrual pattern after COVID-19, including oligomenorrhea (20%) and polymenorrhea (13%). No participants experienced amenorrhea. Post-infection hormone levels showed a slight increase in FSH, LH, TSH, and prolactin and a decrease in AMH; however, only TSH exhibited a statistically significant rise. Changes in hormone levels were not associated with treatment methods, hospitalization, or pulmonary involvement. By contrast, those with a history of hospitalization had more frequent alterations in menstrual volume and pattern (P = 0.041 and P = 0.006, respectively). Pulmonary involvement did not significantly impact menstrual volume or pattern.

Conclusion
COVID-19 may be linked to significant increases in TSH and notable shifts in menstrual pattern and volume among healthy women of reproductive age, while other sex hormones remained largely unchanged. Further research with larger sample sizes and a formal control group is needed to clarify these observations.
Epicardial fat volume assessment via cardiac computed tomography: a novel indicator in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Abdelaziz Hanaa Mahmoud Mohammad , Hamdi Mohamed , Mahfouz Essam Mohamed Elsaid , Zidan Sahar Gamal El-din Ibrahim , Hatata Ahmad , Elfadl Hend Gamal Abu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality, frequently within multiple comorbidities like obesity. Pathophysiology of HFpEF is implicated by emerging evidence that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) or epicardial fat serves an essential function. This research intends to determine the association between EAT volume and HFpEF using cardiac computed tomography and correlate it with echocardiographic parameters of diastolic dysfunction.

Results
This case–control study included 80 participants (40 HFpEF patients and 40 matched controls). HFpEF patients exhibited significantly higher EAT volume (147.9 ± 28.6 cm3) compared to controls (98.3 ± 20.4 cm3, P ≤ 0.001). EAT volume showed a strong positive correlation with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.9, P ≤ 0.001) and mean E/e′ ratio (r = 0.9, P ≤ 0.001). ROC analysis exhibited an optimal cutoff value of > 124 cm3 for EAT volume, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9, yielding a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 95% for diagnostic accuracy of HFpEF.

Conclusions
EAT volume is significantly elevated in HFpEF patients and correlates with diastolic dysfunction severity, and is independent predictor for HFpEF highlighting its potential as a noninvasive marker for diagnosing and monitoring HFpEF. EAT assessment may offer new insights into targeted therapeutic strategies for managing HFpEF.
Enhanced structural, dielectric, and antibacterial properties of Sr(1−x)CuxO2 nanoparticles synthesized via sol–gel method
Authors: Atlam Ahmed S. , Talha Abeer T. , Meaz Talaat M. , Hasanin Mohamed S. , El Nahrawy Amany M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the preparation, characterization, and antibacterial properties of strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticles doped with different ratios of copper oxide (CuO) (1, 2, 3, and 4 mol.%). The SrO@CuO nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol–gel method, which is known for producing highly homogeneous and pure nanoparticles in a versatile and cost-effective manner. The study investigates the impact of CuO on the growth of the nanoparticles and their antibacterial and dielectric properties. Several techniques including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, FTIR, and dielectric spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphological, crystallographic, and electric properties of the SrO@CuO nanoparticles. The dielectric properties of the nanoparticles were performed to study the polarization at the interface, energy loss (tan ε), and conductivity from 0.1 Hz to 20 MHz. Koop's two-layer model was suggested to explain the changes in impedance with frequency. The model suggests that the samples contain well-directing grains detached by some insulating grain boundary. As the frequency increases, the impedance decreases, and the interfacial polarization goes down. This happens when the dielectric dipoles stop following the applied reciprocating electric field. The antibacterial effects of CuO nanoparticles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis were also observed. The samples showed antibacterial efficacy. The study found that the concentration of CuO significantly affects the structure, spectroscopic properties, and antibacterial efficacy of the CuO nanoparticles. The results indicate that SrO@CuO nanoparticles are appropriate for energy storage, recording media, microwaves, and antimicrobial agents.
Direction effect of vertical ground motion on seismic damages of friction-based isolated RC piers
Authors: Shid Golshid , Shiravand Mahmoud R. , Mahboubi Shima 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The major focus in earthquake analysis is typically on the excitation caused by two in-plane horizontal components. However, the direction of vertical ground motion (VGM) is a critical aspect of an earthquake’s inherent nature that has received less attention in recent research. Accordingly’, the present study investigates the effects of VGM direction on the responses of a multi-span continuous concrete bridge pier seismically isolated with a friction pendulum system (FPS). The friction-based isolator is chosen because vertical force influences the coefficient of friction through variations in the normal force. To precisely assess the impact of vertical ground motion, a coefficient is proposed based on the ratio of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the vertical component in the upward and downward directions. The incremental dynamic analysis approach for the vertical component of an earthquake (IDA-V) is introduced and applied using a set of ground motion records. These records are categorized by their predominant vertical acceleration direction to emphasize the vertical impacts of inertia forces on the overall bridge responses. Fragility curves for substructure components are then developed. The results indicate that when the predominant direction of VGM is upward, it can cause compression-based damage in structural components, such as column compression failure and increased displacement of the friction pendulum systems (FPS). Conversely, when the predominant direction of VGM is downward, it can lead to tension-based damage, including tensile forces along the columns and a higher probability of isolator uplift. In general, incorporating the effects of VGM in the analysis increases the probability of failure across all structural components and damage states. Additionally, accounting for the upward or downward direction of VGM results in distinct types of damage.
Automated model for fault detection in grid-connected solar systems
Authors: Singh Vinay , Beniwal Ruby 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research presented an automated model for fault detection of grid grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems with an improvement in fault detection in grid-connected solar power systems with the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm using feature selection. The dataset consists of data in two modes, i.e., low power point tracking (LPPT) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for each fault. Seven faults are considered in the research which includes a vast range of complexity which is a challenge for the practical grid-connected PV systems. Using feature selection, the number of independent variables is reduced as well as the performance of the algorithm is enhanced to 0.999995 in terms of F1 score. Profiles for parameters for each fault in the solar PV system have been created. A comparison of the KNN algorithm is also done with the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm on the same dataset to verify the performance. The method outperforms principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction which is a computationally heavy process. Therefore, the research overall improves the performance of solar systems by automatically fault detection and it reduces complexity and reduces cost too in solar power generation.
Space-charge driven Second Harmonic Generation in nanometric conductors
Authors: Szeftel Jacob , Sandeau Nicolas , Lévy Jean-Claude Serge 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The properties of harmonic waves, carrying a \textit{longitudinal} electric field and a \textit{space-charge} density, made up of conduction electrons, are investigated in metals and semi-conductors with help of a \textit{classical} analysis. The associated dispersion curve is worked out. These findings are further applied to unravel a \textit{novel} second harmonic generation mechanism for an electromagnetic wave shone on a \textit{nanometric} wire, with frequency ranging from the \textit{IF} up to \textit{UV} domain. The calculated efficiency in semi-conductors might be higher by $12$ \textit{orders of magnitude} than in metals. \textit{Observable predictions} are made.
Optical analysis of single- and double-layer thin film using nickel and chromium transition metal as a neutral density filter
Authors: Yadav Mini , Shankar Ajay , Rani Mamta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nickel, Nichrome and Cr/Ni double layer thin film with optimum thickness 10nm was fabricated using E-Beam evaporation coating system at same deposition parameter. The deposition was operated in a high vacuum environment (5×10-5 mbar) on the borosilicate glass substrate. The optical analysis was done using UV-Visible spectrophotometer (LAMBDA 750 (Perkin Elmer) with step of 1nm in the visible range of spectrum. The transmittance data were used to calculate the optical density of filter. The optical density of Cr/Ni double layer was found to be higher than another sample i.e. 0.84 and has more neutrality i.e. ΔOD = 0.06. The variation in transmission of Nickel, Nichrome and Cr/Ni was 9%, 6% and only 2% respectively. The transmittance was uniform throughout the visible range. The optical parameter such as refractive index and extinction coefficient were derived from the reflectance and absorbance data. From AFM analysis it was depicted that surface roughness and RMS value were also decreases with double layer of transition metal for stable and durable Neutral Density Filter (NDF). The reduced roughness indicates that there is no loss of scattering of light in the filter. The topographical analysis of thin films was confirmed that uniform and smooth coating was achieved.&#xD;
Design and Staged Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Preoperative Anemia Clinic at a Tertiary Care Medical Center
Authors: Crispell Ethan H. , Cassianni Claire E. , Burt Jennifer M. , Gonzalez Jessica A. , Petsch Jamie L. , Hanson Andrew C. , Robbins Kellie A. , Go Ronald S. , Crestanello Juan A. , Jacob Adam K. , Kor Daryl J. , Warner Matthew A. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
Preoperative anemia is common and associated with adverse outcomes in surgical patients. There is limited information to guide the design and implementation of preoperative anemia clinics (PAC), which represents a critical barrier to entry for many practices.

METHODS:
This is a descriptive observational study highlighting the design and implementation of a multidisciplinary PAC, including key steps in planning, stakeholder engagement, organizational structure, identification of target populations, establishing anemia treatments, information technology and electronic health record integration, provider training, and data infrastructure. Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and anemia treatments for individuals evaluated in the PAC from November 4, 2019 through September 15, 2023 are enumerated. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) assessing changes in anemia symptoms and well-being after surgery are evaluated for 2 subsets of patients (one before PAC implementation [pre-PAC], another after PAC implementation [post-PAC]), without formal statistical comparison given limited sample sizes.

RESULTS:
The PAC was initiated as a multidisciplinary effort under support from a Mayo Clinic Practice Transformation Award in 2019, including broad representation from anesthesiology, surgery, and medical practices, along with institutional project management support (eg, project manager, information technologists, systems engineers). While initially limited to cardiac surgery patients, the PAC underwent planned incremental expansion to include other surgical services. Over the study period, 1188 PAC consultations across 1159 unique patients met eligibility criteria, with a median age of 66 (57–73) years and 58.1% women. The most common etiology of anemia was iron deficiency (69.1%) followed by anemia related to cancer (17.3%). Anemia-directed therapies were recommended in 1038 (87.4%) encounters, with 730 (70.3%) of those receiving recommended treatment preoperatively. Seven hundred nine (97.1%) treatments included intravenous iron and 146 (20.0%) included erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Fifteen pre-PAC and 38 post-PAC implementation patients completed PROs. PAC implementation was accompanied by earlier resolution of anemia symptoms and less pronounced declines in postoperative well-being scores.

CONCLUSIONS:
This report highlights the key steps for successful PAC implementation. Treatment is possible for most patients and may be accompanied by improvements in patient-important outcomes.
Breaking the Cycle of Shame: Understanding and Exploring Solutions to Fitness Shaming
Authors: Lippold Joseph , Kaplan Hannah , Broome Jessica , Rosenbloom Christine 
Published: February 2025

Apply It!
By reading this article, health and exercise professionals will:
• Learn about the prevalence and effects of fitness shaming.
• Recognize the cycle of shame that inhibits clients from meeting their fitness goals.
• Identify actionable suggestions for exercise professionals to help combat shaming.
A Branch-and-Price Algorithm for Robust Drone-Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Joo Jaegwan , Lee Chungmok 
Published: February 2025

This paper considers a cooperative routing problem in which trucks and multiple drones serve a set of customers collaboratively. A truck can operate as a drone station, dispatching and collecting multiple drones for nearby customers to overcome the drone’s short operation range. Each customer has a time window, so either a truck or a drone must serve the customer within the time window. The travel time uncertainties of the truck and drone are addressed by adopting the robust optimization approach. We first present a compact mathematical formulation for the problem. Then, we develop a decomposition approach based on the branch-and-price framework. After defining extended variables for trucks and drones separately, we decompose the column generation subproblem into two optimization problems, resulting in a two-phase column generation algorithm. We also develop a heuristic algorithm based on the proposed column generation scheme for larger instances. The results of numerical experiments, including real-life benchmark instances, show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art mixed-integer programming solver. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: Financial support from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [Grant NRF-2021R1F1A1 048540] is gratefully acknowledged. C. Lee was supported by the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0484 ), as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0484 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Comparing the performance of a large language model and naive human interviewers in interviewing children about a witnessed mock-event
Authors: Sun Yongjie , Pang Haohai , Järvilehto Liisa , Zhang Ophelia , Shapiro David , Korkman Julia , Haginoya Shumpei , Santtila Pekka 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
The present study compared the performance of a Large Language Model (LLM; ChatGPT) and human interviewers in interviewing children about a mock-event they witnessed.

Methods
Children aged 6-8 (N =  78) were randomly assigned to the LLM (n =  40) or the human interviewer condition (n =  38). In the experiment, the children were asked to watch a video filmed by the researchers that depicted behavior including elements that could be misinterpreted as abusive in other contexts, and then answer questions posed by either an LLM (presented by a human researcher) or a human interviewer.

Results
Irrespective of condition, recommended (vs. not recommended) questions elicited more correct information. The LLM posed fewer questions overall, but no difference in the proportion of the questions recommended by the literature. There were no differences between the LLM and human interviewers in unique correct information elicited but questions posed by LLM (vs. humans) elicited more unique correct information per question. LLM (vs. humans) also elicited less false information overall, but there was no difference in false information elicited per question.

Conclusions
The findings show that the LLM was competent in formulating questions that adhere to best practice guidelines while human interviewers asked more questions following up on the child responses in trying to find out what the children had witnessed. The results indicate LLMs could possibly be used to support child investigative interviewers. However, substantial further investigation is warranted to ascertain the utility of LLMs in more realistic investigative interview settings.