bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the specific effects of intranasal glucagon on glucose production and lipid concentration in healthy men during a pancreatic clamp
Authors: Dash Satya , Xiao Changting , Stahel Priska , Koulajian Khajag , Giacca Adria , Lewis Gary F. 
Published: July 2017

AimTo investigate the specific effects of intranasal glucagon (ING) on plasma glucose, endogenous glucose production (EGP) and lipid concentration.MethodsWe conducted a single‐blind, randomized, crossover study at our academic investigation unit. Under pancreatic clamp conditions with tracer infusion, 1 mg ING or intranasal placebo (INP) was administered to 10 healthy men. As pilot studies showed that ING transiently increased plasma glucagon, we infused intravenous glucagon for 30 minutes along with INP to ensure similar plasma glucagon concentrations between interventions. The main outcome measures were plasma glucose, EGP, free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations.ResultsIn the presence of similar plasma glucagon concentrations, the increase in plasma glucose under these experimental conditions was attenuated with ING (mean plasma glucose analysis of variance P < .001) with reduction in EGP (P = .027). No significant differences were seen in plasma FFA and TG concentrations.ConclusionING raises plasma glucose but this route of administration attenuates the gluco‐stimulatory effect of glucagon by reducing EGP. This observation invites speculation about a potential central nervous system effect of glucagon, which requires further investigation. If ING is developed as a treatment for hypoglycaemia, this attenuated effect on plasma glucose should be taken into account.
Oral lacerations during motocross: A case report
Authors: Hino Shunsuke , Takeda Akio , Kaneko Takahiro , Horie Norio , Shimoyama Tetsuo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMotocross is a high‐risk sport that can cause serious injuries including oral injuries. However, mouthguard use is not mandatory in motocross. This report describes a case of an oral laceration with exposure of bilateral inferior alveolar nerves as a result of a motocross accident in which the patient was not wearing a mouthguard.
Mating interference of glassy‐winged sharpshooters, Homalodisca vitripennis
Authors: Gordon Shira D. , Sandoval Nestor , Mazzoni Valerio , Krugner Rodrigo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnimal communication is a complex behavior that is influenced by abiotic and biotic factors of the environment. Glassy‐winged sharpshooters (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), primarily use vibrational signaling for courtship communication. Because GWSS is a major pest, transmitting the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., interruption of communication is a possible avenue for control. Playback of white noise, pre‐recorded female signals, and artificial female noise (continuously overlapping female signals) significantly reduced mating of GWSS when compared to silent control mating trials. Furthermore, to begin to determine the mechanism underlying playback control, female signaling activity was recorded in the presence of stimuli. In response to playback of female signals, females signaled (duet‐like) more often than females tested in the absence of playback. After the first playback, almost two‐thirds of females signaled a response within 3 s. Additionally, one‐third of the females signaled within 1 s after cessation of white noise, and significantly more in the time periods following noise termination. Results highlight how GWSS responds to differing competitive disturbances in the environment and lays important ground work that possibly could be used to develop pesticide‐free control methods.
Improving the information content in soil pH maps: a case study
Authors: Robinson N. J. , Benke K. K. , Norng S. , Kitching M. , Crawford D. M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryUncertainties associated with legacy data contribute to the spatial uncertainty of predictions for soil properties such as pH. Examples of potential sources of error in maps of soil pH include temporal variation and changes in land use over time. Prediction of soil pH can be improved with a linear mixed model (LMM) to analyse factors that contribute to uncertainty. Probabilities from conditional simulations in combination with agronomic critical thresholds for acid‐sensitive species can be used to identify areas that are likely, or very likely, to be below these critical thresholds for plant production. Because of rapid changes in farming systems and management practices, there is a need to be vigilant in monitoring changes in soil acidification. This is because soil acidification is an important factor in primary production and soil sustainability. In this research, legacy data from south‐western Victoria (Australia) were used with model‐based geostatistics to produce a map of soil pH that accommodates a variety of error sources, such as the time of sampling, seasonal variation, differences in analytical method, effects of changes in land use and variable soil sample depth in legacy data. Spatial covariates that are representative of soil‐forming factors were used to improve predictions. To transform spatial prediction and estimates of error in soil pH into more informative and usable maps with more information content, simulations from the conditional distribution were used to compute the probability of a soil's pH being less than critical agronomic production thresholds at each of the prediction locations. These probabilities were mapped to reveal areas of potential risk.Highlights
Can maps of soil pH be improved by accounting for temporal variation and change in land use?
First example of taking account of temporal variability in sampling for pH in spatial models.
Key factors for uncertainty in spatial prediction include time of sampling and sample depth.
Accuracy improved by accounting for additional sources of error combined with conditional simulations.
Role of Marital Adjustment in Associations Between Romantic Attachment and Coparenting
Authors: Young Michelle , Riggs Shelley , Kaminski Patricia 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveA family systems framework was used to examine the reciprocal influences of parents' romantic attachment security, marital adjustment, and the coparenting alliance.BackgroundResearch indicates that adult attachment strategies are predictive of adult romantic relationships, but there is less evidence linking adult romantic attachment to the ability to effectively coparent. Furthermore, much of the prior coparenting literature has focused on direct paths and has not accounted for mutual influence within parental dyads, despite an increased awareness of the interdependence among familial roles and a push to understand familywide dynamics.MethodA community sample of 86 heterosexual couples with a residential child between 8 and 11 years of age completed the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and the Coparenting Scale as part of a larger study on family processes in middle childhood. Multilevel models were conducted utilizing the actor‐partner interdependence model.ResultsCompared to their low attachment anxiety counterparts, spouses with higher attachment anxiety and avoidance reported lower levels of marital adjustment, less coparenting cooperation, and more coparenting conflict. Findings indicated that marital adjustment mediates the relationship between romantic attachment style and perceptions of coparenting.ConclusionResults highlight the benefit of conceptualizing parental attachment, marital, and coparental subsystems within a systemic framework and suggest that a healthy marital relationship is an important intervening factor that helps explain links between attachment security and the coparenting alliance.ImplicationsFindings underscore the importance of evaluating and treating multiple levels of the family system and suggest that therapeutic treatment of the marital relationship may be associated with a healthier coparenting dynamic.
13C metabolic flux profiling of Pichia pastoris grown in aerobic batch cultures on glucose revealed high relative anabolic use of TCA cycle and limited incorporation of provided precursors of branched‐chain amino acids
Authors: Zhang Meng , Yu Xiao‐Wei , Xu Yan , Jouhten Paula , Swapna Gurla V. T. , Glaser Ralf W. , Hunt John F. , Montelione Gaetano T. , Maaheimo Hannu , Szyperski Thomas 
Published: July 2017

Carbon metabolism of Crabtree‐negative yeast Pichia pastoris was profiled using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to delineate regulation during exponential growth and to study the import of two precursors for branched‐chain amino acid biosynthesis, α‐ketoisovalerate and α‐ketobutyrate. Cells were grown in aerobic batch cultures containing (a) only glucose, (b) glucose along with the precursors, or (c) glucose and Val. The study provided the following new insights. First, 13C flux ratio analyses of central metabolism reveal an unexpectedly high anaplerotic supply of the tricarboxylic acid cycle for a Crabtree‐negative yeast, and show that a substantial fraction of glucose catabolism proceeds through the pentose phosphate pathway. A comparison with previous flux ratio analyses for batch cultures of Crabtree‐negative Pichia stipitis and Crabtree‐positive Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that the overall regulation of central carbon metabolism in P. pastoris is intermediate in between P. stipitis and S. cerevisiae. Second, excess α‐ketoisovalerate in the medium is not transported into the cytoplasm indicating that P. pastoris lacks a suitable transporter. In contrast, excess Val is efficiently taken up and largely fulfills demands for both Val and Leu for protein synthesis. Third, excess α‐ketobutyrate is transported into the mitochondria for Ile biosynthesis. However, the import does not efficiently inhibit the synthesis of α‐ketobutyrate from pyruvate indicating that P. pastoris has not been optimized evolutionarily to take full advantage of this carbon source. These findings have direct implications for preparing uniformly 2H,13C,15N‐labeled proteins containing protonated Ile, Val, and Leu methyl groups in P. pastoris for NMR‐based structural biology.EnzymesAcetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase (EC 1.1.1.86), branched‐chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT, EC 2.6.1.42), fumarase (EC 4.2.1.2), malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.39/1.1.1.40), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.49), pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), l‐serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1), threonine aldolase (EC 4.1.2.5), threonine dehydratase (EC 4.3.1.19); transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1), transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.2).
Basin‐scale reproductive segregation of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis)
Authors: Seitz A. C. , Farrugia T. J. , Norcross B. L. , Loher T. , Nielsen J. L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis (Schmidt) is presently considered to consist of a single spawning population extending from California through the Bering Sea. However, this satellite tagging investigation suggests that geographic landforms and discontinuities in the continental shelf appear to limit the interchange of mature Pacific halibut among large marine ecosystems and delineate the boundaries of potential spawning components in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea, with smaller components along the Aleutian Islands. The geographic segregation of these spawning components may be reinforced by regional behavioural adaptations and different temperature regimes in each area. These results suggest that the Pacific halibut population may be segregated into somewhat discrete spawning units among which less mixing is likely than that which occurs within them. As such, future stock assessment metrics may be most effective in preserving population function if spawning ecology is treated as a basin‐scale process.
Relatedness and body size influence territorial behaviour in Salmo salar juveniles in the wild
Authors: Fernandes W. P. A. , Griffiths S. W. , Ibbotson A. T. , Riley W. D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., juveniles defend territories to enable exclusive access to food resources, and kin selection benefits may be accrued where territorial boundaries of relatives overlap. This study explored space sharing events between pairs of sibling and non‐sibling fish as a measure of territoriality and resource competition in a small chalk stream using passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology. The time period between fish detections in a shared space was closer between pairs of siblings (sibling pairs mean = 60.48 ± 51.84 min; non‐sibling pairs mean = 348.8 ±65.94 min). These results suggest that the territorial boundaries of related fish often overlap, thus increasing the likelihood of siblings accruing kin selection benefits. The findings from this study also suggest that outcomes of competitive interactions among dominant and subordinate fish are less pronounced when fish are related.
Benthic iron cycling in a high‐oxygen environment: Implications for interpreting the Archean sedimentary iron isotope record
Authors: McCoy V. E. , Asael D. , Planavsky N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe most notable trend in the sedimentary iron isotope record is a shift at the end of the Archean from highly variable δ56Fe values with large negative excursions to less variable δ56Fe values with more limited negative values. The mechanistic explanation behind this trend has been extensively debated, with two main competing hypotheses: (i) a shift in marine redox conditions and the transition to quantitative iron oxidation; and (ii) a decrease in the signature of microbial iron reduction in the sedimentary record because of increased bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). Here, we provide new insights into this debate and attempt to assess these two hypotheses by analyzing the iron isotope composition of siderite concretions from the Carboniferous Mazon Creek fossil site. These concretions precipitated in an environment with water column oxygenation, extensive sediment pile dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) but limited bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). Most of the concretions have slightly positive iron isotope values, with a mean of 0.15‰ and limited iron isotope variability compared to the Archean sedimentary record. This limited variability in an environment with high DIR and low BSR suggests that these conditions alone are insufficient to explain Archean iron isotope compositions. Therefore, these results support the idea that the unusually variable and negative iron isotope values in the Archean are due to dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) coupled with extensive water column iron cycling.
Diversity in thermal affinity among key piscivores buffers impacts of ocean warming on predator–prey interactions
Authors: Selden Rebecca L. , Batt Ryan D. , Saba Vincent S. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAsymmetries in responses to climate change have the potential to alter important predator–prey interactions, in part by altering the location and size of spatial refugia for prey. We evaluated the effect of ocean warming on interactions between four important piscivores and four of their prey in the U.S. Northeast Shelf by examining species overlap under historical conditions (1968–2014) and with a doubling in CO2. Because both predator and prey shift their distributions in response to changing ocean conditions, the net impact of warming or cooling on predator–prey interactions was not determined a priori from the range extent of either predator or prey alone. For Atlantic cod, an historically dominant piscivore in the region, we found that both historical and future warming led to a decline in the proportion of prey species’ range it occupied and caused a potential reduction in its ability to exert top‐down control on these prey. In contrast, the potential for overlap of spiny dogfish with prey species was enhanced by warming, expanding their importance as predators in this system. In sum, the decline in the ecological role for cod that began with overfishing in this ecosystem will likely be exacerbated by warming, but this loss may be counteracted by the rise in dominance of other piscivores with contrasting thermal preferences. Functional diversity in thermal affinity within the piscivore guild may therefore buffer against the impact of warming on marine ecosystems, suggesting a novel mechanism by which diversity confers resilience.
Involving citizens in priority setting for public health research: Implementation in infection research
Authors: Rawson Timothy M. , Castro‐Sánchez Enrique , Charani Esmita , Husson Fran , Moore Luke S. P. , Holmes Alison H. , Ahmad Raheelah 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundPublic sources fund the majority of UK infection research, but citizens currently have no formal role in resource allocation. To explore the feasibility and willingness of citizens to engage in strategic decision making, we developed and tested a practical tool to capture public priorities for research.MethodA scenario including six infection themes for funding was developed to assess citizen priorities for research funding. This was tested over two days at a university public festival. Votes were cast anonymously along with rationale for selection. The scenario was then implemented during a three‐hour focus group exploring views on engagement in strategic decisions and in‐depth evaluation of the tool.Results188/491(38%) prioritized funding research into drug‐resistant infections followed by emerging infections(18%). Results were similar between both days. Focus groups contained a total of 20 citizens with an equal gender split, range of ethnicities and ages ranging from 18 to >70 years. The tool was perceived as clear with participants able to make informed comparisons. Rationale for funding choices provided by voters and focus group participants are grouped into three major themes: (i) Information processing; (ii) Knowledge of the problem; (iii) Responsibility; and a unique theme within the focus groups (iv) The potential role of citizens in decision making. Divergent perceptions of relevance and confidence of “non‐experts” as decision makers were expressed.ConclusionVoting scenarios can be used to collect, en‐masse, citizens' choices and rationale for research priorities. Ensuring adequate levels of citizen information and confidence is important to allow deployment in other formats.
Traffic‐related air pollution associations with cytokeratin‐18, a marker of hepatocellular apoptosis, in an overweight and obese paediatric population
Authors: Hsieh S. , Leaderer B. P. , Feldstein A. E. , Santoro N. , McKay L. A. , Caprio S. , McConnell R. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIntroductionTraffic‐related air pollution causes fatty liver, inflammation and fibrosis in animal models, but there have been few studies in humans.ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that traffic‐related air pollution causes non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased markers for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); and that NAFLD increases liver susceptibility to increased NASH risk.MethodsData collected prospectively from 74 overweight or obese children were obtained from the Yale Pediatric Obesity Clinic. Traffic‐related air pollution was characterized as vehicle traffic volume on major roads within a 1 km residential buffer, and as residential nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure. Outcomes were hepatic fat fraction (HFF) measured by magnetic resonance imaging, liver enzymes using standard assays and plasma cytokeratin‐18 (CK‐18) by immunosorbent assays.ResultsSignificant non‐linear relationships with air pollution and CK‐18 were found. Plasma CK‐18 at follow‐up increased from approximately 150 U/L to almost 200 U/L as residential traffic volume increased from 220 000 vehicle‐km to 330 000 vehicle‐km, after adjustment for baseline CK‐18, age and gender. Among patients with NAFLD at baseline, CK‐18 increased from 140 U/L to 200 U/L (a 1.5 standard deviation increase in CK‐18) as NO2 increased from 8 to 10 ppb.ConclusionsTraffic‐related air pollution was associated with CK‐18. Effects were larger in children with pre‐existing NAFLD at study entry.
Are the Consequences of Experiencing Discrimination the same for Immigrants of Differing Socio‐Economic Status in Japan?
Authors: Gong Shun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractScholars have identified the negative effects of discrimination on immigrants’ well‐being by focusing on the nature of discrimination. However, whether the social status of immigrants influences the effects of discrimination on well‐being remains unclear. To answer this question, this study extends current research by focusing on how immigrants’ occupational status moderates the effects of discrimination on well‐being. Based on two sets of survey data, the results show that skilled immigrants are more likely to be negatively affected by discrimination than are unskilled immigrants. This phenomenon might be explained by the immigrants’ comparisons of discrimination experiences prior to migration. The findings suggest that to explain the mechanism underlying discrimination's negative effect on immigrants’ psychological well‐being, researchers should pay more attention to immigrants’ characteristics and their experiences before migration. The results of this study have important implications for immigration policy in Japan and other ethnically homogeneous countries, such as South Korea.
Splitting upconversion emission and phonon‐assisted population inversion of Ba2Y(BO3)2Cl:Yb3+, Er3+ phosphor
Authors: Huang Anjun , Yang Zhengwen , Yu Chengye , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUpconversion (UC) peak of 4S3/2→4I15/2 transition of Er3+ is close to that of 2H11/2→4I15/2 transition. The UC emission splitting of Er3+ caused by coordination fields of host results in that it is difficult to confirm which transitions (4S3/2→4I15/2 or 2H11/2→4I15/2) are responsible for the splitting UC emission peaks. In this work, the UC luminescence peaks located at 524, 540, 551, 565, 662, 677, and 683 nm were observed in the Ba2Y(BO3)2Cl:Yb3+, Er3+ phosphor upon the 980 nm excitation. The 524 and 540 nm UC emissions intensity were increased, while the 551 and 565 nm UC emissions intensity were decreased with the temperature increasing from 323 to 573 K, which is attributed to the phonon‐assisted population inversion from the 4S3/2 to 2H11/2 level. The temperature dependence of UC emission spectra demonstrated that the 524 and 540 nm UC emissions are from 2H11/2→4I15/2 transition, and 551 and 565 nm UC emissions are from the 4S3/2→4I15/2 transition. Temperature sensing property was characterized by the UC intensity ratio of the 2H11/2→4I15/2 transition to 4S3/2→4I15/2 transition. The Ba2Y(BO3)2Cl:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphor has potential application as the non‐contact temperature sensor.