bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cells and ionic conductances contributing to spontaneous activity in bladder and urethral smooth muscle
Authors: Drumm Bernard T. , Gupta Neha , Mircea Alexandru , Griffin Caoimhin S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSmooth muscle organs of the lower urinary tract comprise the bladder detrusor and urethral wall, which have a reciprocal contractile relationship during urine storage and micturition. As the bladder fills with urine, detrusor smooth muscle cells (DSMCs) remain relaxed to accommodate increases in intravesical pressure while urethral smooth muscle cells (USMCs) sustain tone to occlude the urethral orifice, preventing leakage. While neither organ displays coordinated regular contractions as occurs in small intestine, lymphatics or renal pelvis, they do exhibit patterns of rhythmicity at cellular and tissue levels. In rabbit and guinea‐pig urethra, electrical slow waves are recorded from USMCs. This activity is linked to cells expressing vimentin, c‐kit and Ca2+‐activated Cl− channels, like interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. In mouse, USMCs are rhythmically active (firing propagating Ca2+ waves linked to contraction), and this cellular rhythmicity is asynchronous across tissues and summates to form tone. Experiments in mice have failed to demonstrate a voltage‐dependent mechanism for regulating this rhythmicity or contractions in vitro, suggesting that urethral tone results from an intrinsic ability of USMCs to ‘pace’ their own Ca2+ mobilization pathways required for contraction. DSMCs exhibit spontaneous transient contractions, increases in intracellular Ca2+ and action potentials. Consistent across numerous species, including humans, this activity relies on voltage‐dependent Ca2+ influx in DSMCs. While interstitial cells are present in the bladder, they do not ‘pace’ the organ in an excitatory manner. Instead, specialized cells (PDGFRα+ interstitial cells) may ‘negatively pace’ DSMCs to prevent bladder overexcitability.
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Monocentric evaluation of the Novaplex dermatophyte multiplex qPCR assay in the diagnosis of dermatophytoses
Authors: Harel Florian , Robert-Gangneux Florence , Gangneux Jean-Pierre , Guegan Hélène 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes are a prevalent global health concern. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of these pathogens through molecular tools would offer a substantial advantage for early detection and effective treatment. The conventional fungal culture presents inherent limitations, including extended result delivery delay and variable sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the multiplex real-time PCR Novaplex dermatophyte assay (Seegene) in comparison to traditional mycological methods including direct examination and culture. A total of 312 nail, skin, and scalp samples collected from patients with suspected superficial fungal infections for mycological diagnosis were retrospectively subjected to the Novaplex dermatophyte assay. Overall, 170 (54.6%) and 186 (59.6%) samples tested positive for dermatophyte culture and dermatophyte PCR, respectively. The concordance between PCR and culture for dermatophyte detection was 87.2%. There were 158 culture-positive/PCR-positive samples, 12 culture-positive/PCR-negative samples, and 28 culture-negative/PCR-positive samples. The sensitivity of PCR against culture varied according to the dermatophyte target, ranging from 90.5% (
Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale/benhamiae
), 91.2% (
Trichophyton rubrum
), to 100% (
Microsporum
spp. and
Trichophyton tonsurans
). When considering the final diagnosis using composite criteria, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis were 92.9% and 96.6% for PCR, 86.7% and 100% for culture, and 95.4% and 92.2% for direct examination and culture combined, respectively. The Seegene Novaplex dermatophyte assay is an easy-to-use automated one-step extraction-PCR system that offers satisfactory performance for routine diagnosis of dermatophytoses in clinical laboratories, particularly in non-specialized centers. However, it cannot fully replace conventional mycology due to its inability to detect mold infections and to identify dermatophytes at the species level.
Cost of operating a human milk bank in the UK: a microcosting analysis
Authors: Mistry Hema , Weaver Gillian , Shenker Natalie 
Published: September 2024

Objective
Globally, demand for donor human milk (DHM) is increasing with WHO guidelines recommending DHM as the first line nutrition for premature infants in the absence or shortfall of maternal milk. Policymakers and clinicians currently have limited knowledge regarding costs incurred by human milk banks (HMBs) making the planning and resourcing of these services challenging. This study aimed to evaluate costs in a national network of HMBs in the UK.

Design and setting
All 14 UK HMBS were invited to complete a bottom-up microcosting survey from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022 covering four key areas: Staffing, equipment, donor screening and incidental costs. Total annual salary costs included on-costs (ie, national insurance, pensions), qualifications, overheads (ie, non-staff costs) and capital overheads. The annual equivalent costs for each equipment item were based on the total cost over its useful life and discounted at 3.5%.

Results
10 out of 14 milk banks provided responses with more complete datasets returned by larger milk banks. Staffing costs ranged from £24 983 to £476 194 (n=9, mean: £159 798) and considerable expertise was provided voluntarily or from non-costed staffing. Other costs included equipment (n=7, range: £2600–£51 453, mean: £19 279), donor screening (n=6, range: £925–£38 057, mean: £18 570), incidentals (n=6, range: £650–£109 996, mean: £23 774). The total annual cost of operating a milk bank annually was £202 719 (range, £27 583–£675 699) to provide between 205 and 3495 litres of DHM. The cost per litre averaged £173.49 (range, £95.94–£274.88).

Conclusions
The average cost of DHM is currently higher than current cost recovery tariffs and this study likely under-represents total costs. This study provides useful benchmarking data for future economic analyses, trial development and service planning.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to improve outcomes for parents or carers of children with anxiety and/or depression
Authors: Tsang Anthony , Dahmash Dania , Bjornstad Gretchen , Rutter Nikki , Nisar Aleem , Horne Francesca , Martin Faith 
Published: September 2024

QuestionDepression and anxiety are common among children and young people and can impact on the well-being of their parents/carers. Dominant intervention approaches include parent training; however, this approach does not directly address parents’ well-being. Our objective was to examine the effect of interventions, with at least a component to directly address the parents’ own well-being, on parents’ well-being outcomes, including stress, depression and anxiety.Study selection and analysisA systematic search was performed in the following: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science Core Collection (six citation indexes) and WHO ICTRP from inception to 30 December 2023. Interventions that aimed to support parents/carers managing the impact of their child’s/young person’s mental health were eligible. EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project) was used to quality appraise the included studies. A meta-analysis of relevant outcomes was conducted.FindingsFifteen studies were eligible comprising 812 parents/carers. Global methodological quality varied. Seven outcomes (anxiety, depression, stress, burden, self-efficacy, quality of life and knowledge of mood disorders) were synthesised at post-intervention. A small reduction in parental/carer anxiety favouring intervention was indicated in one of the analyses (g=−0.26, 95% CI −0.44 to –0.09, p=0.02), when excluding an influential case. Three outcomes were synthesised at follow-up, none of which were statistically significant.ConclusionsInterventions directly addressing the well-being for parents of children with anxiety and/or depression appear not to be effective overall. Clearer conceptualisation of factors linked to parental distress is required to create more targeted interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022344453.
Racial and ethnic minority representation in dementia risk factor research: a scoping review of cohort studies
Authors: Krishnan Arjun , Pathak Anupa , Nicholas Thomas Blyth , Lee Jeffrey , Waite Louise , Stanaway Fiona 
Published: September 2024

Background
Despite a potentially greater burden of dementia, racial and ethnic minority populations around the world may be more likely to be excluded from research examining risk factors for incident dementia. We aimed to systematically investigate and quantify racial and ethnic minority representation in dementia risk factor research.

Methods
We performed a two-stage systematic search of databases—MEDLINE (Ovid SP), Embase (Ovid SP) and Scopus—from inception to March 2021 to identify population-based cohort studies looking at risk factors for dementia incidence. We included cohort studies which were population-based and incorporated a clinical dementia diagnosis.

Results
Out of the 97 identified cohort studies, fewer than half (40 studies; 41%) reported the race or ethnicity of participants and just under one-third (29 studies; 30%) reported the inclusion of racial and ethnic minority groups. We found that inadequate reporting frequently prevented assessment of selection bias and only six studies that included racial and ethnic minority participants were at low risk for measurement bias in dementia diagnosis. In cohort studies including a multiethnic cohort, only 182 out of 337 publications incorporated race or ethnicity in data analysis—predominantly (90%) through adjustment for race or ethnicity as a confounder. Only 14 publications (4.2% of all publications reviewed) provided evidence about drivers of any observed inequalities.

Conclusions
Racial and ethnic minority representation in dementia risk factor research is inadequate. Comparisons of dementia risk between different racial and ethnic groups are likely hampered by significant selection and measurement bias. Moreover, the focus on ‘adjusting out’ the effect of race and ethnicity as a confounder prevents understanding of underlying drivers of observed inequalities. There is a pressing need to fundamentally change the way race, ethnicity and the inclusion of racial and ethnic minorities are considered in research if health inequalities are to be adequately addressed.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the association between Kawasaki disease incidence and PM2.5exposure: a nationwide database study in Japan
Authors: Yoneda Kota , Shinjo Daisuke , Takahashi Naoto , Fushimi Kiyohide 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis primarily affecting children. While some studies suggest a link between KD and PM2.5exposure, findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to perform spatiotemporal analysis to investigate the impact of monthly and annual exposure to PM2.5and other air pollutants on the incidence of KD before and after the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we used the Japanese administrative claims database to identify the incidence of KD in children under age 5 in 335 secondary medical care areas across Japan before (from July 2014 to December 2019) and during (from January 2020 to December 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. For each of these periods, we developed hierarchical Bayesian models termed conditional autoregressive (CAR) models that can address the spatiotemporal clustering of KD to investigate the association between the monthly incidence of KD and exposure to PM2.5, NO, NO2and SO2over 1-month and 12-month durations. The pollution data were collected from publicly available data provided by the National Institute for Environmental Studies.ResultsIn the before-pandemic and during-pandemic periods, 55 289 and 14 023 new cases of KD were identified, respectively. The CAR models revealed that only 12-month exposure to PM2.5was consistently correlated with KD incidence, and each 1 µg/m3increase in annual PM2.5exposure corresponded to a 3%–10% rise in KD incidence. Consistent outcomes were observed in the age-stratified sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsAnnual exposure to PM2.5was robustly linked with the onset of KD. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism by which the spatiotemporal distribution of PM2.5is associated with KD.
Educating and promoting athletes’ health protection through infographics on injury and illness prevention during an international competition: a prospective study during the 2024 European Athletics Championships
Authors: Edouard Pascal , Iatropoulos Spyridon , Navarro Laurent , Branco Pedro , Hollander Karsten , Dandrieux Pierre-Eddy 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility, perceived relevance and usefulness of providing injury and illness prevention information through infographics to athletes and medical teams before and during an international athletics championship, and its potential impact on injury and illness risk during the same championship.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study during the 2024 European Athletics Championships in Roma with (1) dissemination of infographics, (2) data collection on perceived relevance (yes/no) and perceived usefulness (score from 0 to 100) of infographics among athletes and medical teams using an online questionnaire and (3) data collection by medical teams of newly incurred injuries and illnesses among athletes during the championship.ResultsAmong the 124 athletes who completed the questionnaire, 35.5% had access to the infographics, of which 86.4% found the information relevant, and their perceived usefulness scores to reduce their risk were 51.8±23.9 (range: 2.9–100.0) for injuries and 50.6±23.0 (range: 0.0–100.0) for illnesses. Among the registered physicians and physiotherapists, 44 replied to the survey, 70.5% had access to the infographics, of which 83.9% found it relevant, and their perceived usefulness scores to reduce risk were 55.6±28.0 (range: 6.0–100.0) for injuries and 52.9±28.0 (range: 0.0–100.0) for illnesses. The logistic regression showed that a higher perceived usefulness score was associated with a lower risk of in-championship injury (OR 0.950; 95% CI 0.877 to 0.996).ConclusionsPromoting the health protection of athletes through infographics on injury and illness prevention in the context of international athletics championships was feasible and may represent an additional prevention approach.
Targeting epigenetic regulation and post-translational modification with 5-Aza-2’ deoxycytidine and SUMO E1 inhibition augments T-cell receptor therapy
Authors: Kroonen Jessie S , Wouters Anne K , de Graaf Ilona J , Remst Dennis F G , Kumar Sumit , Wachsmann Tassilo L A , Teunisse Amina F A S , Roelands Jessica P , de Miranda Noel F C C , Griffioen Marieke , Heemskerk Mirjam H M , Vertegaal Alfred C O 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundCellular immunotherapy using modified T cells offers new avenues for cancer treatment. T-cell receptor (TCR) engineering of CD8 T cells enables these cells to recognize tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific neoantigens. Improving TCR T-cell therapy through increased potency and in vivo persistence will be critical for clinical success.MethodsWe evaluated a novel drug combination to enhance TCR therapy in mouse models for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM).ResultsCombining TCR therapy with the SUMO E1 inhibitor TAK981 and the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2’ deoxycytidine resulted in strong antitumor activity in a persistent manner against two in vivo tumor models of established AML and MM. We uncovered that the drug combination caused strong T-cell proliferation, increased cytokine signaling in T cells, improved persistence of T cells, and reduced differentiation towards exhausted phenotype. Simultaneously the drug combination enhanced immunogenicity of the tumor by increasing HLA and co-stimulation and surprisingly reducing inhibitory ligand expression.ConclusionCombining T-cell therapy with TAK981 and 5-Aza-2’ deoxycytidine may be an important step towards improved clinical outcome.
Associations Between Brain Structural Connectivity and 1‐Year Demoralization in Breast Cancer: A Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Liang Mu Zi , Chen Peng , Tang Ying , Liang Yu Yan , Li Shu Han , Hu Guang Yun , Sun Zhe , Yu Yuan Liang , Molassiotis Alex , Knobf M. Tish , Ye Zeng Jie 
Published: September 2024

Purposes: This study aims to explore the association between brain structural connectivity and 1‐year demoralization in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.Methods: Patients were enrolled from a multicenter longitudinal program named as Be Resilient to Breast Cancer (BRBC) between 2017 and 2019. Brain structural connectivity was assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at baseline and the demoralization scale II collected self‐report data at baseline and 1 year later. A data‐driven correlational tractography was performed to recognize significant neural pathways associated with the group membership (increased vs. nonincreased demoralization). The incremental prediction values of Quantitative Anisotropy (QA) extracted from the significant white matter tracts against the group membership were evaluated.Results: 21.2% (N = 31) reported increased 1‐year demoralization. Inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF) was associated with 1‐year demoralization in breast cancer. The incremental prediction values of QAs in net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) ranged from 8.11% to 46.89% and 9.12% to 23.95%, respectively, over the conventional tumor‐nodal metatasis (TNM) staging model.Conclusion: Anisotropy in IFOF is a potential prediction neuromarker to 1‐year demoralization in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03026374
Deleting T
rim33 in Myeloid Cells Improves the Efficiency of Radiotherapy through an IFNβ-Dependent Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Assouvie Anaïs , Gerbé-de-Thoré Marine , Torres Claire , Ménard Véronique , Alfaro Alexia , Deutsch Eric , Mondini Michele , Rousselet Germain 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) triggers an immune response that contributes to antitumor effects. Induction of IFNβ is a key event in this immunogenicity of RT. We have previously shown that TRIM33, a chromatin reader, restrains IFNβ expression in Toll-like receptor–activated myeloid cells. In this study, we explored whether deleting Trim33 in myeloid cells might improve the radio-induced immune response and subsequent efficiency of RT. We first established that Trim33−/− bone marrow–derived macrophages showed increased expression of IFNβ in response to direct irradiation, or to treatment with irradiated cancer cells, further supporting our hypothesis. We then tested the efficiency of a single-dose RT in three subcutaneous tumor models and one orthotopic tumor model. In all models, myeloid deletion of Trim33 led to a significantly improved response after RT, leading to a complete and durable response in most of the treated mice bearing orthotopic oral tumors. This effect required the involvement of the type I IFN pathway and the presence of CD8+ T lymphocytes but not NK cells. In addition, cured mice were capable of rejecting a secondary tumor challenge, demonstrating an in situ vaccination effect. We conclude that deleting Trim33 in myeloid cells improves RT efficiency, through a mechanism involving the type I IFN pathway and the immune response. Our work suggests that myeloid Trim33 is a host factor affecting the tumor response to RT, thus representing a new potential therapeutic target for modifying RT responses.
Associations of “Weekend Warrior” Physical Activity With Incident Disease and Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: Kany Shinwan , Al-Alusi Mostafa A. , Rämö Joel T. , Pirruccello James P. , Churchill Timothy W. , Lubitz Steven A. , Maddah Mahnaz , Guseh J. Sawalla , Ellinor Patrick T. , Khurshid Shaan 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Achievement of guideline-recommended levels of physical activity (≥150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) is associated with lower risk of adverse cardiovascular events and represents an important public health priority. Although physical activity commonly follows a “weekend warrior” pattern, in which most moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is concentrated in 1 or 2 days rather than spread more evenly across the week (regular), the effects of physical activity pattern across a range of incident diseases, including cardiometabolic conditions, are unknown.

METHODS:

We tested associations between physical activity pattern and incidence of 678 conditions in 89 573 participants (62±8 years of age; 56% women) of the UK Biobank prospective cohort study who wore an accelerometer for 1 week between June 2013 and December 2015. Models were adjusted for multiple baseline clinical factors, and
P
value thresholds were corrected for multiplicity.

RESULTS:

When compared to inactive (<150 minutes moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/week), both weekend warrior (267 total associations; 264 [99%] with lower disease risk; hazard ratio [HR] range, 0.35–0.89) and regular activity (209 associations; 205 [98%] with lower disease risk; HR range, 0.41–0.88) were broadly associated with lower risk of incident disease. The strongest associations were observed for cardiometabolic conditions such as incident hypertension (weekend warrior: HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73–0.80];
P
=1.2×10
-27
; regular: HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.68–0.77];
P
=4.5×10
-28
), diabetes (weekend warrior: HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.51–0.62];
P
=3.9×10
-32
; regular: HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.48–0.60];
P
=8.7×10
-26
), obesity (weekend warrior: HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.50–0.60];
P
=2.4×10
-43
, regular: HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.40–0.50];
P
=9.6×10
-47
), and sleep apnea (weekend warrior: HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.48–0.69];
P
=1.6×10
-9
; regular: HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.39–0.62];
P
=7.4×10
-10
). When weekend warrior and regular activity were compared directly, there were no conditions for which effects differed significantly. Observations were similar when activity was thresholded at the sample median (≥230.4 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/week).

CONCLUSIONS:
Achievement of measured physical activity volumes consistent with guideline recommendations is associated with lower risk for >200 diseases, with prominent effects on cardiometabolic conditions. Associations appear similar whether physical activity follows a weekend warrior pattern or is spread more evenly throughout the week.
Intergenerational Spillovers of Integration Policies: Evidence from Finland's Integration Plans
Authors: Pesola Hanna , Sarvimäki Matti 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We examine the intergenerational effects of an integration program that increased language training and improved labor market outcomes of adult immigrants in Finland. Exploiting a discontinuity in the phase-in rule of a reform, we find that parents' participation in the program improved their children's grades by 0.5 standard deviations and extended their educational attainment by over a year. Two decades post-arrival, children of the affected immigrants earned 42% more than their counterparts whose parents narrowly missed the policy's implementation.