bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efecto de los nutrientes y las condiciones de fermentación en la producción de biosurfactantes con rizobacterias aisladas de fique.
Authors: Sastoque-Cala Leonardo , Cotes-Prado Alba M. , Rodríguez-Vázquez Refugio , Pedroza-Rodríguez Aura M. 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong>Objective</strong>. To isolate biosurfactant-producing microorganisms from the rhizosphere of fique and to select the best genus to evaluate the effect of nutritional and fermentation conditions on the production of rhamnolipids. <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. Rhizospheric soil was sampled in three areas of Cauca. The best genus was selected for the experimental designs (Plackett Burman and 2<sup>2</sup> factorial) and to find the production conditions for the growth kinetics at an Erlenmeyer flask scale. <strong>Results</strong>. Isolates from the rhizosphere of fique plants were from groups (or genera) of <em>Bacillus, Pseudomonas </em> and <em>Streptomyces</em>, being <em>Pseudomonas</em> the more responsive in preliminary testing for emulsification. From the results of the experimental designs and the kinetics of production, we found that rhamnose synthesis associated with rhamnolipids (3.2 g/l) and emulsification (68% EC24) was significantly favored (p &lt;0.0001) by cultivating an inoculum of 10% v/v of <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> in a medium composed of: soybean oil 2% (v/v), K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> 0.2% (w/v), yeast extract 0.4 g/l, NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> 3.7 g/l, 1 ml trace elements (CoCl<sub>3</sub> 20 mg/l, H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> 30 mg/l, ZnSO<sub>4</sub> 10 mg/l, Cu<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 1 mg/l, Na<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> 3 mg/l, FeSO<sub>4</sub> 10 mg/l MnSO<sub>4</sub> 2,6 mg/l) and pH 7.2. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. Of all the microbial genera isolated from the rhizosphere of fique, <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> had the greatest potential in the production of biosurfactants of the rhamnolipids family.</p> <p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em>, biosurfactant, rhamnose, emulsification index, soybean oil.</p><strong></strong> <p> </p>
Rizósfera de árboles acumuladores de fósforo en la amazonia Brasilera.
Authors: Chavez de Oliveira Patricia , Reis de Carvalho Claudio José 
Published: November 2015

<p class="standard"><strong>Objective. </strong>With the purpose of knowing the strategies of tolerance of two phosphorus-accumulating species (<em>Neea macrophylla </em>and<em> Cecropia palmate</em>) and a non-accumulating species (<em>Casearia arborea</em>) to phosphorus-deficient soils, we characterized the rhizosphere of these species using a multivariate analysis and correlation matrices in relation to the concentrations of organic phosphorus, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, organic carbon from microbial biomass, acid phosphatase enzyme activity, and root infection by mycorrhizal fungi. <strong>Materials and methods. </strong>The research was carried out in the Igarapé-Açú town, state of Pará, Brazil in secondary forests with five years of regeneration, where the parameters above mentioned were monitored. <strong>Results</strong>. Results did not reveal significant differences between the species depending on the characteristics of the soil next to the rhizospheres, suggesting homogeneous conditions. The enzymatic activity was slightly higher in the species with less potential in accumulating P (<em>Casearia arborea</em>) suggesting that efficiency in P use is not determined by the enzymatic activity. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. <em>Neea macrophylla</em> presented a slightly higher number of mycorrhizal root infections in comparison to the other species, indicating that this could be a tolerance strategy in those environments, while in <em>Cecropia palmata</em> and <em>Casearia arborea</em> it seems that enzymatic activity is the strategy employed.</p> <p><strong>Key words:</strong> acid phosphatase; Brazilian Amazon; rhizosphere</p>
Primer registro de Saprolegnia sp. en una población de anfibios en Colombia.
Authors: Prada-Salcedo Luis Daniel , Franco-Correa Marcela , Acosta-Galvis Andrés Rymel 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Objective: </strong><strong>Most </strong>research related to the decline of amphibians has been focused on the detection of the pathogenic fungus <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</em>. This fungus is the main pathogen detected around the world. However, research has shown the presence of another fungus, <em>Saprolegnia ferax</em>, as a cause of mortality in amphibians in North America. Our study suggests a possible interspecific transmission caused by the presence of rainbow trout; thus, amphibian declines may not be attributable only to the presence of a single pathogen, but to other organisms and factors. <strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Our study revealed the presence of <em>Saprolegnia</em> sp. in the Andean frog <em>Atelopus mittermeieri</em> using the imprinting technique with lactophenol blue staining, which allowed the typical structures of this fungus to be observed. <strong>Results:</strong> The importance of this discovery is the presence of two pathogenic fungi, <em>B. dendrobatidis </em>and <em>Saprolegnia</em>, which affecting simultaneously a population of amphibians. This finding brings attention to the eventual presence of other microorganisms that might be involved individually or collectively in the decline of amphibian species. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This record suggests a possible transmission between rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>), an introduced species in the highlands of Colombia, which shares the same habitats with different species of amphibians in the Sanctuary of Flora and Fauna Guanentá in the upper river Fonce in the mid Cordillera Oriental of Colombia.</p> <p><strong>Key words: </strong>decline, Amphibians,<em> Saprolegnia</em>, Fishes, <em>Atelopus</em>, Colombia.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong> </strong></p><br />
Review on hard coral recruitment (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) in Colombia
Authors: Acosta Alberto , Dueñas Luisa F. , Pizarro Valeria 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Recruitment, defined and measured as the incorporation of new individuals (i.e. coral juveniles) into a population, is a fundamental process for ecologists, evolutionists and conservationists due to its direct effect on population structure and function. Because most coral populations are self-feeding, a breakdown in recruitment would lead to local extinction. Recruitment indirectly affects both renewal and maintenance of existing and future coral communities, coral reef biodiversity (bottom-up effect) and therefore coral reef resilience. This process has been used as an indirect measure of individual reproductive success (fitness) and is the final stage of larval dispersal leading to population connectivity. As a result, recruitment has been proposed as an indicator of coral-reef health in marine protected areas, as well as a central aspect of the decision-making process concerning management and conservation. The creation of management plans to promote impact mitigation, rehabilitation and conservation of the Colombian coral reefs is a necessity that requires firstly, a review and integration of existing literature on scleractinian coral recruitment in Colombia and secondly, larger scale field studies. This motivated us to summarize and analyze all existing information on coral recruitment to determine the state of knowledge, isolate patterns, identify gaps, and suggest future lines of research.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Recruitment, juvenile, coral, Scleractinia, structure, reef, Colombia, density, richness, monitoring.</p><p> </p>
Síntesis y evaluación “in vitro” de la actividad antifúngica de oximas, éteres de oxima e isoxazoles
Authors: Diaz-Velandia John , Durán-Díaz Natalia , Robles-Camargo Jorge , Loaiza Alix Elena 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong></strong><strong>Objective</strong>. To synthesize and carry out a preliminary evaluation of the <em>in vitro</em> antifungal activity of oximes, oxime ethers and isoxazoles. <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. Oximes were synthesized from aldehydes or ketones with NH<sub>2</sub>OH.HCl and K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. Oxime ethers were prepared by alkylation of oximes with propargyl bromide or 2-bromobenzyl bromide, using NaOH as base and acetone as solvent. The isoxazoles were obtained by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), chloramine T (CAT) and NaOCl. Products were identified or characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Radial growth inhibition assays against <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Fusarium roseum</em> were carried out. <strong>Results</strong>. Five oximes, seven oxime ethers, four of them new, and four new isoxazoles were obtained. The assessed substances exhibited antifungal activity in amounts of 1,5 mg and 3,0 mg. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. Although 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions allowed to obtain the desired isoxazoles, this methodology produced a wide variety of side products that reduced yields and made difficult the purification of the target products. Four of the tested compounds showed inhibition percentages greater than 80%.</p> <p><strong>Key words: </strong>oximes, oxime ethers, isoxazoles, antifungal activity.</p> <p> </p><br />
Web-Based Behavioral Intervention Increases Maternal Exercise but Does Not Prevent Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Previously Sedentary Women
Authors: Smith Katie , Lanningham-Foster L. , Welch Amy , Campbell Christina 
Published: November 2015

Background:Innovative methods are warranted to optimize prenatal outcomes. This study’s objective was to determine if a web-based behavioral intervention (BI) can prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) by increasing physical activity (PA).Methods:Participants were randomized to usual care (UC; n = 21) or BI (n = 24) between 10 to 14 weeks gestation. GWG, PA, and diet were assessed at baseline, mid-, and late pregnancy.Results:No differences in GWG or adherence to GWG recommendations presented between groups. Total UC MET-minutes significantly decreased from baseline to late-pregnancy (1,234 ± 372 MET-minutes, P = .013). Mid-pregnancy sustained PA was greater for BI than UC (20-minute PA bouts: 122 ± 106 vs. 46 ± 48 minutes/week, P = .005; 30-minute PA bouts: 74 ± 70 vs. 14 ± 24 minutes/week, P < .001), and greater for BI at mid-pregnancy compared with baseline (20-minute PA bouts: 61.3 ± 21.9; 30-minute PA bouts: 39.6 ± 14.8, both P < .05). BI energy intake at mid-pregnancy significantly increased from baseline (336 ± 127 kcals, P = .04) and was significantly greater than UC (2,503 ± 703 vs. 1,894 ± 594, P = .005).Conclusions:Sedentary pregnant women should increase PA but may need additional dietary counseling to prevent excessive GWG.
Rate of Physical Activity and Community Health: Evidence From U.S. Counties
Authors: Sato Mikihiro , Du James , Inoue Yuhei 
Published: November 2015

Background:Although previous studies supported the health benefits of physical activity, these studies were limited to individual-level research designs. Building upon a social-ecological model, we examined the relationship between physical activity and community health—the health status of a defined group of people—while accounting for the potential endogeneity of physical activity to health.Methods:We obtained U.S. county-level data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey and the 2014 County Health Ranking Database. We first conducted an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis to examine the relationship between the rate of physical activity and community health measured by the average perceived health score for each county. We then conducted a 2-stage least squares (2SLS) regression analysis to investigate this relationship after accounting for potential endogeneity.Results:Results from the OLS analysis indicated that the rate of physical activity was positively associated with community health. Results from the 2SLS analysis confirmed that the physical activity rate remained positively associated with community health.Conclusions:In line with the social-ecological model, our findings provide the first evidence for the health benefits of county-level physical activity. Our results support extant research that has shown relationships between physical activity and individual-level, health-related outcomes.
Chimie douce preparation of reproducible silver coatings for SERS applications
Authors: Sidorov Alexander V. , Grigorieva Anastasia V. , Goldt Anastasia E. , Eremina Olga E. , Veselova Irina A. , Savilov Sergey V. , Goodilin Eugene A. 
Published: November 2015

A new soft chemistry preparation method of submicron — thick porous coatings of metallic silver is suggested for possible surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. The method is based on facile deposition of diamminesilver (I) aerosols forming instantly a nanostructured layer by fast decomposition and self–reduction of [Ag(NH[Formula: see text] aqueous solutions onto surfaces of inorganic substrates under mild conditions of 280–300[Formula: see text]C in air. A strong difference in overall microstructures and related SERS signals of model analytes is found for substrates with different deposition time and in comparison with a standard magnetron deposition technique. It is demonstrated that the suggested method is predominant for formation of robust SERS substrates with a stable and reproducible SERS enhancement.
Association of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption During Early Adulthood With the Prevalence of Coronary Artery Calcium After 20 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Miedema Michael D. , Petrone Andrew , Shikany James M. , Greenland Philip , Lewis Cora E. , Pletcher Mark J. , Gaziano J. Michael , Djousse Luc 
Published: November 2015

Background—
The relationship between intake of fruits and vegetables (F/V) during young adulthood and coronary atherosclerosis later in life is unclear.

Methods and Results—

We studied participants of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a cohort of young, healthy black and white individuals at baseline (1985–1986). Intake of F/V at baseline was assessed using a semiquantitative interview administered diet history, and coronary artery calcium was measured at year 20 (2005–2006) using computed tomography. We used logistic regression to adjust for relevant variables and estimate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals across energy-adjusted, sex-specific tertiles of total servings of F/V per day. Among our sample (n=2506), the mean (SD) age at baseline was 25.3 (3.5) years, and 62.7% were female. After adjustment for demographics and lifestyle variables, higher intake of F/V was associated with a lower prevalence of coronary artery calcium: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) =1.00 (reference), 0.78 (0.59–1.02), and 0.74 (0.56–0.99), from the lowest to the highest tertile of F/V,
P
value for trend <0.001. There was attenuation of the association between F/V and coronary artery calcium after adjustment for other dietary variables, but the trend remained significant: odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.00 (reference), 0.84 (0.63–1.11), and 0.92 (0.67–1.26),
P
value for trend <0.002].

Conclusions—
In this longitudinal cohort study, higher intake of F/V during young adulthood was associated with lower odds of prevalent coronary artery calcium after 20 years of follow-up. Our results reinforce the importance of establishing a high intake of F/V as part of a healthy dietary pattern early in life.
Role of Runoff–Infiltration Partitioning and Resolved Overland Flow on Land–Atmosphere Feedbacks: A Case Study with the WRF-Hydro Coupled Modeling System for West Africa
Authors: Arnault Joel , Wagner Sven , Rummler Thomas , Fersch Benjamin , Bliefernicht Jan , Andresen Sabine , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The analysis of land–atmosphere feedbacks requires detailed representation of land processes in atmospheric models. The focus here is on runoff–infiltration partitioning and resolved overland flow. In the standard version of WRF, runoff–infiltration partitioning is described as a purely vertical process. In WRF-Hydro, runoff is enhanced with lateral water flows. The study region is the Sissili catchment (12 800 km2) in West Africa, and the study period is from March 2003 to February 2004. The WRF setup here includes an outer and inner domain at 10- and 2-km resolution covering the West Africa and Sissili regions, respectively. In this WRF-Hydro setup, the inner domain is coupled with a subgrid at 500-m resolution to compute overland and river flow. Model results are compared with TRMM precipitation, model tree ensemble (MTE) evapotranspiration, Climate Change Initiative (CCI) soil moisture, CRU temperature, and streamflow observation. The role of runoff–infiltration partitioning and resolved overland flow on land–atmosphere feedbacks is addressed with a sensitivity analysis of WRF results to the runoff–infiltration partitioning parameter and a comparison between WRF and WRF-Hydro results, respectively. In the outer domain, precipitation is sensitive to runoff–infiltration partitioning at the scale of the Sissili area (~100 × 100 km2), but not of area A (500 × 2500 km2). In the inner domain, where precipitation patterns are mainly prescribed by lateral boundary conditions, sensitivity is small, but additionally resolved overland flow here clearly increases infiltration and evapotranspiration at the beginning of the wet season when soils are still dry. The WRF-Hydro setup presented here shows potential for joint atmospheric and terrestrial water balance studies and reproduces observed daily discharge with a Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient of 0.43.
The effect of mild induced hypothermia on outcomes of patients after cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Xi Wen , Xie Jian Feng , Chen Jian Xiao , Huang Ying Zi , Guo Feng Mei , Yang Yi , Qiu Hai Bo 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Mild induced hypothermia (MIH) is believed to reduce mortality and neurological impairment after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, a recently published trial demonstrated that hypothermia at 33 °C did not confer a benefit compared with that of 36 °C. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was made to investigate the impact of MIH compared to controls on the outcomes of adult patients after cardiac arrest.

Methods
We searched the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, the Web of Science, and Elsevier Science (inception to December 2014). RCTs that compared MIH with controls with temperature >34 °C in adult patients after cardiac arrest were retrieved. Two investigators independently selected RCTs and completed an assessment of the quality of the studies. Data were analysed by the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Random errors were evaluated with trial sequential analysis.

Results
Six RCTs, including one abstract, were included. The meta-analysis of included trials revealed that MIH did not significantly decrease the mortality at hospital discharge (risk ratio (RR) = 0.92; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.82–1.04; p = 0.17) or at 6 months or 180 days (RR = 0.94; 95 % CI, 0.73–1.21; p = 0.64), but it did reduce the mortality of patients with shockable rhythms at hospital discharge (RR = 0.74; 95 % CI, 0.59–0.92; p = 0.008) and at 6 months or 180 days. However, MIH can improve the outcome of neurological function at hospital discharge (RR = 0.80; 95 % CI, 0.64–0.98; p = 0.04) especially in those patients with shockable rhythm but not at 6 months or 180 days. Moreover, the incidence of complications in the MIH group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Finally, trial sequential analysis indicated lack of firm evidence for a beneficial effect.

Conclusion
The available RCTs suggest that MIH does not appear to improve the mortality of patients with cardiac arrest while it may have a beneficial effect for patients with shockable rhythms. Although MIH may result in some adverse events, it helped lead to better outcomes regarding neurological function at hospital discharge. Large-scale ongoing trials may provide data better applicable to clinical practice.
Draft genome sequence of Janthinobacterium lividum strain MTR reveals its mechanism of capnophilic behavior
Authors: Valdes Natalia , Soto Paola , Cottet Luis , Alarcon Paula , Gonzalez Alex , Castillo Antonio , Corsini Gino , Tello Mario 
Published: November 2015

AbstractJanthinobacterium lividum is a Gram-negative bacterium able to produce violacein, a pigment with antimicrobial and antitumor properties. Janthinobacterium lividum colonizes the skin of some amphibians and confers protection against fungal pathogens. The mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. In order to identify the advantages for the bacterium to colonize amphibian skin we sequenced Janthinobacterium lividum strain MTR, a strain isolated from Cajón del Maipo, Chile. The strain has capnophilic behavior, with growth favored by high concentrations (5 %) of carbon dioxide. Its genome is 6,535,606 bp in size, with 5,362 coding sequences and a G + C content of 62.37 %. The presence of genes encoding for products that participate in the carbon fixation pathways (dark CAM pathways), and the entire set of genes encoding for the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle may explain the capnophilic behavior and allow us to propose that the CO2 secreted by the skin of amphibians is the signal molecule that guides colonization by Janthinobacterium lividum.
Cloud Computing in Space
Authors: Huang Jiangchuan , Kirsch Christoph M. , Sengupta Raja 
Published: November 2015

We apply virtual machine abstractions to networked vehicles, enabling what we call cloud computing in space to create performance isolation between customers. In analogy to conventional system virtualization and cloud computing, there are customer-operated virtual vehicles that essentially perform like real vehicles, although they are in reality hosted by fewer, shared, provider-operated real vehicles. The motion of the virtual vehicles and real vehicles creates migration gain. As a result, cloud computing in space can do better than conventional cloud computing in the sense of realizing high performance isolation (e.g., 98%) while requiring significantly fewer real vehicles (e.g., approximately one for five). There is a video associated with this paper. Click here to view the Video Overview . To save the file, right click and choose “Save Link As” from the menu.
Managing User-Generated Content: A Dynamic Rational Expectations Equilibrium Approach
Authors: Ahn Dae-Yong , Duan Jason A. , Mela Carl F. 
Published: November 2015

This paper considers the creation and consumption of content on user-generated content platforms, e.g., reviews, articles, chat, videos, etc. On these platforms, users’ expectations regarding the amount and timing of participation by others becomes germane to their own involvement levels. Accordingly, we develop a dynamic rational expectations equilibrium model of joint consumption and generation of information. We estimate the model on a novel data set from a large Internet forum site and offer recommendations regarding strategies of managing sponsored content and content quality.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0937 .