bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Obesity Diagnosis With Organ Dysfunction, Mortality, and Resource Use Among Children Hospitalized With Infection in the United States
Authors: Maley Nidhi , Gebremariam Achamyeleh , Odetola Folafoluwa , Singer Kanakadurga 
Published: February 2016

Background: Sepsis induces inflammation in response to infection and is a major cause of mortality and hospitalization in children. Obesity induces chronic inflammation leading to many clinical manifestations. Our understanding of the impact of obesity on diseases, such as infection and sepsis, is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of obesity with organ dysfunction, mortality, duration, and charges during among US children hospitalized with infection. Methods: Retrospective study of hospitalizations in children with infection aged 0 to 20 years, using the 2009 Kids’ Inpatient Database. Results: Of 3.4 million hospitalizations, 357 701 were for infection, 5685 of which were reported as obese children. Obese patients had higher rates of organ dysfunction (7.35% vs 5.5%, P < .01), longer hospital stays (4.1 vs 3.5 days, P < .001), and accrued higher charges (US$29 019 vs US$21 200, P < .001). In multivariable analysis, mortality did not differ by obesity status (odds ratio: 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.23-1.34), however severity of illness modified the association between obesity status and the other outcomes. Conclusions: While there was no difference in in-hospital mortality by obesity diagnosis, variation in organ dysfunction, hospital stay, and hospital charges according to obesity status was mediated by illness severity. Findings from this study have significant implications for targeted approaches to mitigate the burden of obesity on infection and sepsis.
Acetate tape impression test for diagnosis of notoedric mange in cats
Authors: Sampaio Keytyanne O , de Oliveira Lorena MB , Burmann Priscylla M , Sousa Filho Reginaldo P , Evangelista Janaina SAM , Cunha Marina GMCM 
Published: February 2016

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of acetate tape impression with skin squeezing and superficial skin scraping methods for the diagnosis of burrowing mites ( Notoedres cati) in cats. Methods Samples were collected from 50 cats showing signs of notoedric mange. The most affected region was selected for sampling using acetate tape impression with skin squeezing, and superficial skin scraping. Results No significant difference was observed in the number of mites found by both methods, regardless of the stage of development of the mite. The tests showed a high correlation to the total number of mites (r = 0.928). However, in two animals it was possible to confirm the presence of N cati only by the acetate tape impression test. Conclusions and relevance We conclude that the acetate tape impression test is a good method for confirming the presence of N cati in cats. In our experience, this technique is as sensitive as superficial skin scraping, even in animals presenting with a low infestation. Moreover, the technique is less traumatic and allows the collection of clinical specimens in more sensitive locations, such as the eyelids, lips and paws.
Duodenal neuroendocrine tumor and the onset of severe diabetes mellitus in a US veteran
Authors: Murray Lauren , Haley Chelsey , Berry-Cabán Cristóbal S , Toledo Almond 
Published: February 2016

Objective: Neuroendocrine tumors are neoplasms derived from endocrine cells, most commonly occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors are rare tumors averaging 1.2–1.5 cm, and most are asymptomatic. Common presentation is abdominal pain, upper gastrointestinal bleed, constipation, anemia, and jaundice. Methods: An adult, Black, male patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with elevated liver function test and fatigue. Results: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a large obstructing mass (3.6 cm × 4.4 cm × 3 cm) within the second and third portions of the duodenum at the ampulla. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated an ulcerated duodenal mass that was biopsied. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin B, and CK7. Chromogranin A was in normal range. Post-Whipple procedure demonstrated a 5.5 cm × 4.1 cm × 2.9 cm duodenal mass with invasion of the subserosal tissue of the small intestine, a mitotic rate of 2 per high-power field, and antigen Ki-67 of 2%–5%. Conclusion: This case raises the question as to if the patient developed diabetes mellitus due to the tumor size and location or if the new onset of diabetes was coincidental. This case also demonstrates the importance of a proficient history and physical.
A Realist Case Study of a Regional Hospital’s Response to Improve Emergency Department Access in the Context of Australian Health Care Reforms
Authors: Reddy Sandeep , Carey Timothy A. , Wakerman John 
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Major health-care reforms have extended across all Australian public hospitals in recent years. Improving emergency department (ED) access has been a focus of these reforms. Objective: This study evaluates how the national reforms have led to improvement in ED access in a regional hospital in remote Australia. Methods: Assessing a complex scenario such as national reforms and the challenges faced by the regional hospital to implement these reforms requires in-depth analysis. A realist evaluation theory-based approach was employed, allowing investigation of what, how, why, and for whom change occurred. A case study mixed methods design was adopted within the realist framework to answer these questions about change. Results and Conclusion: The study identified moderate improvement in ED access as a result of the reforms (investment in infrastructure and workforce and the introduction of ED targets). Clinical leadership and support from management were essential for the improvement. Without ongoing investment and clinical redesign activities, however, sustainability of the improvement may prove difficult.
The mathematics of spatial transparency and mystery: using syntactical data to visualise and analyse the properties of the Yuyuan Garden
Authors: Yu Rongrong , Gu Ning , Ostwald Michael 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundOne school of thought argues that the Traditional Chinese Private Garden's (TCPG) primary spatial property is that it features both freestanding buildings in space, and spaces freely positions in the landscape, creating a great sense of phenomenal transparency. In contrast, a more traditional interpretation of the TCPG stresses that its primary purpose is to evoke mystery, or provide places of isolation or for retreat.MethodThis paper examines these two complex, multi-variable propositions using Space Syntax theory, a method which enables a mathematical analysis of the structural and visual configuration of the spaces in a plan to be undertaken. The methods used for the analysis are variations of the convex space and isovist mapping techniques, and the data is analysed mathematically and then visually using heat-maps. The sixteenth century Yuyuan Garden, one of the most famous TCPGs, is used as a test case for the research.ResultsThe results of this study suggest that those features of the TCPG which are associated with mystery are more correlated with its trafficable structure than its visual accessibility. Conversely, the transparency of the TCPG is potentially more related to the directional features of the space than to transparency in isolation.ConclusionThis paper presents a computational visualisation and analysis method based on the use of Space Syntax techniques for examining vision and movement potential in a complex garden environment. As demonstrated in the example of the Yuyuan garden, the method is effective for analysing and visualising spatial properties beyond the surface level of forms and shapes. Through the application of this method we have been able to provide a new insight into two of the most famous, but poorly understood perceptual properties of TCPGs: transparency and mystery.
Origin and schizophrenia in young refugees and inter-country
adoptees from Latin America and East Africa in Sweden: a comparative
study
Authors: Manhica Hélio , Hollander Anna-Clara , Almquist Ylva B. , Rostila Mikael , Hjern Anders 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundMigrants' socioeconomic adversity has been linked to schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate whether the more favourable socioeconomic situation of
adoptees prevents them from the high risk of schizophrenia found in other
migrants.MethodRegister study in a cohort of refugees and inter-country adoptees aged
16–40 years, born in East Africa (n=8389), Latin America
(n=11 572) and 1.2 million native Swedes.
Cox-regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of schizophrenia in
data from psychiatric care.ResultsDespite diverse income levels, HRs for schizophrenia were similar for
refugees and adoptees, with East Africans having the highest HRs: 5.83
(3.30–10.27) and 5.80 (5.03–6.70), followed by Latin Americans: HRs 3.09
(2.49–3.83) and 2.31 (1.79–2.97), compared with native Swedes. Adjustment
for income decreased these risks slightly for refugees, but not for
adoptees.ConclusionsThis study suggests that risk factors associated with origin are more
important determinants of schizophrenia than socioeconomic adversity in
the country of settlement.
Treating anxiety and depression in older adults: randomised
controlled trial comparing guided V. self-guided
internet-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy
Authors: Titov Nickolai , Fogliati Vincent J. , Staples Lauren G. , Gandy Milena , Johnston Luke , Wootton Bethany , Nielssen Olav , Dear Blake F. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundSymptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent in older adults.AimsTo compare clinician-guided and self-guided versions of a transdiagnostic
internet-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy (iCBT) intervention for
adults aged 60 years and above.MethodAdults (n=433) with symptoms of anxiety and depression
were randomly allocated to: (1) clinician-guided treatment
(n=153); (2) initial clinician interview followed by
self-guided treatment (n=140); or (3) self-guided
treatment without interview (n=140).ResultsLarge reductions (d ≥1.00) in symptoms of depression and
anxiety were observed across groups, and sustained at follow-up. No
differences were observed in clinical outcomes or satisfaction ratings.
Age did not affect outcomes.ConclusionsCarefully developed iCBT interventions may significantly reduce symptoms
of anxiety and depression in older adults when delivered in either
clinician-guided or self-guided formats.
The challenges of implementing ADHD clinical guidelines and research best evidence in routine clinical care settings: Delphi survey and mixed-methods study
Authors: Hall Charlotte L. , Taylor John A. , Newell Karen , Baldwin Laurence , Sayal Kapil , Hollis Chris 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThe landmark US Multimodal Treatment of ADHD (MTA) study established the benefits of individualised medication titration and optimisation strategies to improve short- to medium-term outcomes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This individualised medication management approach was subsequently incorporated into the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) ADHD Clinical Guidelines (NICE CG78). However, little is known about clinicians' attitudes towards implementing these medication management strategies for ADHD in routine care.AimsTo examine National Health Service (NHS) healthcare professionals' consensus on ADHD medication management strategies.MethodUsing the Delphi method, we examined perceptions on the importance and feasibility of implementing 103 ADHD treatment statements from sources including the UK NICE ADHD guidelines and US medication management algorithms.ResultsCertain recommendations for ADHD medication management were judged as important and feasible to implement, including a stepwise titration of stimulant medication. Other recommendations were perceived as important but not feasible to implement in routine practice, such as weekly clinic follow-up with the family during titration and collection of follow-up symptom questionnaires.ConclusionsMany of the key guideline recommendations for ADHD medication management are viewed by clinicians as important and feasible to implement. However, some recommendations present significant implementation challenges within the context of routine NHS clinical care in England.
Obesity-Dependent Increases in Oocyte mRNAs Are Associated With Increases in Proinflammatory Signaling and Gut Microbial Abundance of Lachnospiraceae in Female Mice
Authors: Xie Fang , Anderson Christopher L. , Timme Kelsey R. , Kurz Scott G. , Fernando Samodha C. , Wood Jennifer R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRNAs stored in the metaphase II-arrested oocyte play important roles in successful embryonic development. Their abundance is defined by transcriptional activity during oocyte growth and selective degradation of transcripts during LH-induced oocyte maturation. Our previous studies demonstrated that mRNA abundance is increased in mature ovulated oocytes collected from obese humans and mice and therefore may contribute to reduced oocyte developmental competence associated with metabolic dysfunction. In the current study mouse models of diet-induced obesity were used to determine whether obesity-dependent increases in proinflammatory signaling regulate ovarian abundance of oocyte-specific mRNAs. The abundance of oocyte-specific Bnc1, Dppa3, and Pou5f1 mRNAs as well as markers of proinflammatory signaling were significantly increased in ovaries of obese compared with lean mice which were depleted of fully grown preovulatory follicles. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analyses also demonstrated increased association of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 with the Pou5f1 promoter in ovaries of obese mice suggesting that proinflammatory signaling regulates transcription of this gene in the oocyte. The cecum microbial content of lean and obese female mice was subsequently examined to identify potential relationships between microbial composition and proinflammatory signaling in the ovary. Multivariate Association with Linear Models identified significant positive correlations between cecum abundance of the bacterial family Lachnospiraceae and ovarian abundance of Tnfa as well as Dppa3, Bnc1, and Pou5f1 mRNAs. Together, these data suggest that diet-induced changes in gut microbial composition may be contributing to ovarian inflammation which in turn alters ovarian gene expression and ultimately contributes to obesity-dependent reduction in oocyte quality and development of infertility in obese patients.
Les fiefs electoraux en epire: Une analyse quantitative des elections dans le departe ment de Jannina entre 1956 et 1964
Authors: Damianakos Stathis 
Published: February 2016

<p>Lieu de manifestation privilégié des relations de clientèle dans lacam­<br />pagne grecque, le fief électoral constitue un mode particulier d’inser­<br />tion de la paysannerie dans la vie politique nationale et exprime un<br />certain type de rapports entre le Pouvoir et les structures élémentaires<br />(sociabilité villageoise). La persistance, la transformation ou le<br />dépérissement de ces rapports témoignent aussi bien de l'évolution<br />différenciée que fait subir aux sociétés locales traditionnelles la<br />pénétration inégale des rapports capitalistes, que du degré selon le­<br />quel le système de patronage stoppe, détourne, tempère, transforme<br />ou dissimule le caractère de classe des conflits sociaux. Le déroule­<br />ment du jeu électoral dans le département de Janriina au cours des<br />cinq consultations électorales qui ont eu lieu entre 1956 et 1964, fait, <br />dans cette perspective, l'objet d’une analyse quantitative qui tranche,<br />par sa démarche, sur les études de la sociologie électorale tradition </p><p>nelle: l’objectif primordial n'est pas l'étude de la distribution spatiale<br />de l'influence des partis politiques ou la mesure de l'impact de cer<br />laines variables sur le choix électoral, mais bien plus l'analyse des<br />mécanismes sociaux qui aboutissent au vote et leur évaluation quan­<br />titative; l'électorat paysan n’est pas traité comme une catégorie parmi <br />d’autres au niveau national, une spécificité lui est attribuée qui con­<br />siste non pas dans le «qui» mais dans le «comment» de son choix <br />électoral; l’unité d'analyse est celle de la commune (reconnue comme<br />le niveau d'agrégation le plus pertinent pour les variables choisies) et <br />non pas celle du canton ou du département qui déforment con­<br />sidérablement (annulent, renforcent ou inversent) les associations et<br />corrélations constatées dans des unités plus restreintes. L'article<br />présente une partie des résultats de cette recherche; dans un premier<br />chapitreest examiné le contexte de la région à l'aide d'une batterie de<br />variables démographiques, géographiques et culturelles. Le second <br />chapitre analyse les rapports qu'entretiennent ces mêmes variables<br />avec une variable construite («le comportement électoral»!, censée <br />mesurer l’emprise des relations de clientèle pour chaque commune.<br />Enfin, dans un troisième chapitre, un modèle d'analyse multivariée<br />est proposé qui aboutit à une typologie des espaces sociaux et élec­<br />toraux de la région. La cartographie qui accompagne le texte révèle<br />des contiguïtés et des ruptures spatiales significatives</p>
Les inegalites du changement dans un village montagnard Grec: (Sterea Hellas: Evritanie)
Authors: Collard A. 
Published: February 2016

<p>Cet article se basesur 8 mois de travailsur le terrain effectué en 1978.<br />dans un village montagnard d'Evritanie en Grèce Centrale.<br />Les changements sociaux, dans la définition la plus large du terme, se<br />produisent sur plusieurs niveaux de l'organisation sociale: économe<br />que, politique, social, etc... Ces niveaux sont étroitement liés entre eux </p><p>dans l'univers social, quoique les changements qui les affectent soient <br />souvent inégaux, c'est-à-dire qu'ils se produisent à des rythmes<br />différents et pour les raisons variées. Ln conséquence, ces<br />changements peuvent entraîner certaines contradictions (par exemple <br />l'absence de changement) dans une composante quelconque du<br />champ social ou dans lefonctionnement de la société en question. C es<br />changements peuvent également faire apparaître certaines inégalités <br />entre diverses parties de la société, par exemple entre régions rurales<br />et urbaines.<br />L'article décrit les manifestations et les raisons de l'inégalité du <br />changement dans une communauté donnée de la Grèce rurale. Le<br />village, dans la société globale grecque, est souvent «défavorisé», <br />pour la bonne raison que les changements qui s'y produisent, dépen <br />dent, en grande partie, de processus qui dépassent ses frontières. Ceci<br />se manifeste dans certaines contradictions qui naissent au sein même<br />du village, par exemple dans la façon dont se combinent le<br />«moderne» et le «traditionnel». On peut comprendre le village si on<br />le considère comme le lieu où s'exercent des forces qui lui sont ex<br />térieures et à la lumière d'évènements qui sont propres à la société<br />globale. C’est dans cette perspective que l'on peut savoir pourquoi <br />une communauté particulière existe sous sa forme actuelle</p>
Reviews in New Jersey History
Authors: Dillian Carolyn , Klein Nick , Gillette Howard , Baer Christopher T. , Hack Timothy , Marchetti John , Winters Stanley B. 
Published: February 2016

<p>Carolyn Dillian reviews Amy Schutt, <em>Peoples of the River Valleys: The Odyssey of the Delaware Indians</em></p><p>Nick Klein reviews D. W. Jones, <em>Mass Motorization and Mass Transit: An American History and Policy Analysis</em></p><p>Howard Gillette reviews Daniel Sidorick, <em>Condensed Capitalism: Campbell Soup and the Pursuit of Cheap Production in the Twentieth Century</em></p><p>Christopher T. Baer reviews Anthony J. Bianculli, <em>Iron Rails in the Garden State: Tales of New Jersey Railroading</em></p><p>Timothy Hack reviews Thomas P. Slaughter, <em>The Beautiful Soul of John Woolman, Apostle of Abolition</em></p><p>John Marchetti reviews Bradley M. Gottfried, <em>Kearny’s Own: The History of the First New Jersey Brigade in the Civil War</em></p><p>Stanley B. Winters reviews John B. Wefing, <em>The Life and Times of Richard J. Hughes: the Politics of Civility</em></p><p> </p>
Reviews
Authors: Editor Review 
Published: February 2016

<span style="font-size: 11px; color: #333333; line-height: 15px;"><p>Gerald G. Eggert reviews <em>Forging America: Ironworkers, Adventurers, and the Industrious Revolution </em>by John Bezís-Selfa</p><p>David M. Stameshkin reviews <em>The Making of Princeton University: From Woodrow Wilson to the Present b</em>y James Axtell</p><p>Herbert Ershkowitz reviews <em>Mysteries of My Father </em>by Thomas Fleming</p></span>
Nativists in Newark: Radical Protestant Reaction to the Appointment of a Catholic Bishop
Authors: Curley Augustine J. 
Published: February 2016

<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: small;">Abstract: The appointment of the first Roman Catholic bishop of Newark in 1853 led to ferocious criticism from the city’s newspapers, street preachers, and visiting Catholic dissidents. The visceral anti-Catholic, anti-Vatican rhetoric in Newark foreshadowed the Know Nothing movement’s successes in 1854, the high tide of antebellum nativism in the northeast. </span></p>
John T. Cunningham: An Appreciation
Authors: Lender Mark 
Published: February 2016

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in;">Abstract: A friend and colleague pays tribute to John T. Cunningham, the indefatigable chronicler of New Jersey history.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; line-height: 150%;"> </p>
Outage Probability and Ergodic Capacity of Spectrum-Sharing Systems with MRC Diversity
Authors: Jarrouj Jiana , Blagojevic Vesna , Ivanis Predrag 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe spectrum sharing system employing maximum ratio combining (MRC) is analyzed in Nakagami fading environment, for the case when the interference from the primary user is present at the input of the secondary user receiver. The closed-form expressions for the probability density function of the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, the outage probability and the ergodic capacity of the SU link are derived under both peak interference and maximal transmit power constraints. Asymptotical expressions are provided for the important region where peak interference power constraint dominates and the case when the interference from the primary user’s is dominant compared to the noise at the secondary user’s receiver. The obtained expressions are presented for both cases of outdated and mean-value based power allocation and verified by using Monte Carlo simulation method.