bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can internal range structure predict range shifts?
Authors: Gilbert Neil A. , Kolbe Stephen R. , Eyster Harold N. , Grinde Alexis R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Poleward and uphill range shifts are a common—but variable—response to climate change. We lack understanding regarding this interspecific variation; for example, functional traits show weak or mixed ability to predict range shifts.

Characteristics of species' ranges may enhance prediction of range shifts. However, the explanatory power of many range characteristics—especially within‐range abundance patterns—remains untested.

Here, we introduce a hypothesis framework for predicting range‐limit population trends and range shifts from the internal structure of the geographic range, specifically range edge hardness, defined as abundance within range edges relative to the whole range. The inertia hypothesis predicts that high edge abundance facilitates expansions along the leading range edge but creates inertia (either more individuals must disperse or perish) at the trailing range edge such that the trailing edge recedes slowly. In contrast, the limitation hypothesis suggests that hard range edges are the signature of strong limits (e.g. biotic interactions) that force faster contraction of the trailing edge but block expansions at the leading edge of the range.

Using a long‐term avian monitoring dataset from northern Minnesota, USA, we estimated population trends for 35 trailing‐edge species and 18 leading‐edge species and modelled their population trends as a function of range edge hardness derived from eBird data. We found limited evidence of associations between range edge hardness and range‐limit population trends. Trailing‐edge species with harder range edges were slightly more likely to be declining, demonstrating weak support for the limitation hypothesis. In contrast, leading‐edge species with harder range edges were slightly more likely to be increasing, demonstrating weak support for the inertia hypothesis.

These opposing results for the leading and trailing range edges might suggest that different mechanisms underpin range expansions and contractions, respectively. As data and state‐of‐the‐art modelling efforts continue to proliferate, we will be ever better equipped to map abundance patterns within species' ranges, offering opportunities to anticipate range shifts through the lens of the geographic range.
Transcriptome analysis and functional study of phospholipase A2 in Galleria mellonella larvae lipid metabolism in response to envenomation by an ectoparasitoid, Iseropus kuwanae
Authors: Zhu Hanqi , Liang Xinhao , Ding Jianhao , Wang Jinzheng , Li Ping , Zhou Weihong , Wang Jun , Wu Fu‐an , Sheng Sheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is abundant evidence that parasitoids manipulate their hosts by envenomation to support the development and survival of their progeny before oviposition. However, the specific mechanism underlying host nutritional manipulation remains largely unclear. To gain a more comprehensive insight into the effects induced by the gregarious ectoparasitoid Iseropus kuwanae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae, we sequenced the transcriptome of both non‐envenomed and envenomed G. mellonella larvae, specifically targeting genes related to lipid metabolism. The present study revealed that 202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and 9 DEGs were involved in lipid metabolism. The expression levels of these 9 DEGs relied on envenomation and the duration post‐envenomation. Further, envenomation by I. kuwanae induced an increase in triglyceride (TG) level in the hemolymph of G. mellonella larvae. Furthermore, silencing GmPLA2 in G. mellonella larvae 24 h post‐envenomation significantly decreased the content of 4 unsaturated fatty acids and TG levels in the hemolymph. The content of linoleic acid and α‐linoleic acid were significantly decreased and the content of oleic acid was significantly increased by exogenous supplement of arachidonic acid. Meanwhile, the reduction in host lipid levels impairs the growth and development of wasp offspring. The present study provides valuable knowledge about the molecular mechanism of the nutritional interaction between parasitoids and their hosts and sheds light on the coevolution between parasitoids and host insects.
Predictors of language and reading outcomes in 12‐year‐old children born very preterm
Authors: Hedenius Martina , Johansson Martin , Kaul Ylva Fredriksson , Andersson Eric , Montgomery Cecilia , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Kochukhova Olga 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate predictors of language and reading outcomes in 12‐year‐old Swedish children born very preterm (<32 gestational weeks) in 2004–2007.MethodChildren born very preterm (n = 78, 43 girls), and term‐born controls (n = 50, 32 girls), were examined on verbal IQ, semantic and phonemic fluency, sentence recall, reading fluency, word and phonological decoding at 12 years of age. The results were related to neonatal characteristics, language development, measured with Bayley‐III, at 2.5 years corrected age, and concurrent non‐verbal IQ.ResultsPreterm children showed language and reading difficulties that were not completely accounted for by level of concurrent non‐verbal IQ. Extremely preterm born children (<28 gestational weeks) demonstrated specific linguistic weaknesses. Administration of antenatal steroids, retinopathy of prematurity and persistent ductus arteriosus explained unique variance in language and reading outcomes. Language assessments at 2.5 years had low predictive value for language and reading outcomes at age 12.ConclusionLanguage and reading difficulties in 12‐year‐old children born preterm were not fully explained by concurrent non‐verbal IQ, and were not reliably predicted by language assessments at 2.5 years. Renewed language assessments at school age are warranted for identifying children with persisting linguistic difficulties.
Smartphone apps hold promise for neonatal emergency care in low‐resource settings
Authors: Hoffmann Ida Madeline , Andersen Amalie Middelboe , Lund Stine , Nygaard Ulrikka , Joshua Daniel , Poulsen Anja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimMany countries risk failing the Sustainable Development Goal to reduce neonatal mortality to 12 in 1000 live births before 2030, necessitating intervention. This scoping review assesses available evidence from studies implementing smartphone application‐based education and clinical decision support in neonatal emergency care in low‐ and middle‐income countries and describes applied assessment tools to highlight gaps in the current literature.MethodsA systematic search on 28 March 2024 of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE identified original research papers published in peer‐reviewed journals after 2014 in English. The evaluation was based on Kirkpatrick's framework.ResultsIn total, 20 studies assessing eight different smartphone applications were included. Participants found applications acceptable and feasible in 11 of 14 studies. Knowledge and/or skills were improved in 11 of 12 studies. Behaviour was assessed in 10 studies by tracking app usage. Patient outcome was assessed in four studies, focusing on perinatal mortality, Basic Newborn Care outcomes and correct assessment of newborns.ConclusionData from included studies further strengthens hope that smartphone applications can improve neonatal mortality rates in low‐ and middle‐income countries. However, further research into the effectiveness of these applications is warranted. This review highlights gaps in the current literature and provides guidance for future trials.
Disproportionality analysis of cardiac adverse events associated with lenvatinib using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database
Authors: Kanbayashi Yuko , Kobayashi Sakura , Kojima Asuka , Wakabayashi Haruka , Shimizu Tadashi , Uchida Mayako 
Published: September 2024

AimsThis study was conducted to examine disproportionality, times to onset, incidence rates and outcomes of lenvatinib‐associated cardiac adverse events (AEs) using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database.MethodsWe analysed data for the period between April 2004 and May 2023. Data on cardiac AEs were extracted and the relative disproportionality of AEs was estimated using reporting odds ratios (RORs). Furthermore, Weibull distribution parameters were calculated.ResultsOf the 2 230 863 reports analysed, we identified 7684 reports of AEs associated with lenvatinib, including 317 cardiac AEs. Signals were detected for eight cardiac AEs: hypertension, cardiac failure, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, immune‐mediated myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, angina unstable and cardiotoxicity. Among these, fatal outcomes were observed for cardiac failure, myocarditis and myocardial infarction. Histograms of median times to onset for the eight detected cardiac AE signals showed that AEs occurred at a median of 3.5–134.5 days after lenvatinib administration. The Weibull distributions showed that cardiac failure occurred early after administration (early failure type), myocarditis occurred in a dose‐dependent manner (wearout failure type), and myocardial infarction occurred constantly throughout the exposure period (random failure type).ConclusionsWe focused on cardiac AEs associated with lenvatinib as post‐marketing AEs. Serious outcomes can arise after lenvatinib administration. Patients should be monitored for signs of onset of these AEs not only at the start of administration, but also over an extended period.
Experienced facilitators and challenges of practising motivational interaction: How can pre‐service physical education teachers adopt more motivational behaviours?
Authors: Renko Elina , Karvinen Catharina , Hankonen Nelli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesHealth promotion professionals can contribute to high‐quality motivation and sustained health behaviours, for example, physical activity (PA), using motivational interaction with their target groups. However, evidence shows that even after comprehensive training, professionals do not optimally adopt motivational counselling styles. To improve efforts to help professionals take up and sustain motivational interaction in their practice, we need a better understanding of influences on practising these styles. This study set out to investigate pre‐service physical education (PE) teachers' experienced facilitators and challenges of practising motivational interaction.DesignAfter a training course that aimed to teach pre‐service PE teachers the basic ideas and practical techniques of motivational interaction, 19 participants were interviewed.MethodsInductive content analysis was employed to investigate semi‐structured interviews.ResultsWe developed three categories each including both facilitators and challenges of practising motivational interaction: (1) own style of interaction functioned as a basis for practising and involved (a) confidence in skills and resources as well as (b) reflecting, overcoming and forming habits, (2) regulation of one's own behaviour: autonomy and responsibility involved the freedom to choose and plan how to practise but also bearing responsibility for it, and (3) pursuing authentic interaction related to the search for natural ways to use motivational interaction with others.ConclusionsWe provide suggestions on how future training can make use of this knowledge and systematically make use of behaviour change science to foster practising motivational interaction, for example, using self‐regulation strategies and habit‐forming/breaking skills.
Sortilin is associated with progranulin deficiency and autism‐like behaviors in valproic acid‐induced autism rats
Authors: Liao Ailing , Zheng Wenxia , Wang Shali , Wang Nashi , Li Yingbo , Chen Di , Wang Yan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionNeuroinflammation and microglial activation‐related dendritic injury contribute to the pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Previous studies show that Progranulin (PGRN) is a growth factor associated with inflammation and synaptic development, but the role of PGRN in autism and the mechanisms underlying changes in PGRN expression remain unclear.AimsTo investigate the impact of PGRN in autism, we stereotactically injected recombinant PGRN into the hippocampus of ASD model rats. Additionally, we explored the possibility that sortilin may be the factor behind the alterations in PGRN by utilizing SORT1 knockdown. Ultimately, we aimed to identify potential targets for the treatment of autism.ResultsPGRN could alleviate inflammatory responses, protect neuronal dendritic spines, and ameliorate autism‐like behaviors. Meanwhile, elevated expression of sortilin and decreased levels of PGRN were observed in both ASD patients and rats. Enhanced sortilin levels facilitated PGRN internalization into lysosomes. Notably, suppressing SORT1 expression amplified PGRN levels, lessened microglial activation, and mitigated inflammation, thereby alleviating autism‐like behaviors.ConclusionCollectively, our findings highlight elevated sortilin levels in ASD rat brains, exacerbating dendrite impairment by affecting PGRN expression. PGRN supplementation and SORT1 knockdown hold potential as therapeutic strategies for ASD.
Changes in Australians' attitudes towards supervised injecting facilities
Authors: Lloyd Zachary , Colledge‐Frisby Samantha , Taylor Nicholas , Livingston Michael , Jauncey Marianne , Roxburgh Amanda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionSupervised injecting facilities (SIF) have been shown to reduce negative outcomes experienced by people who inject drugs. They are often subject to intense public and media scrutiny. This article aimed to explore population attitudes to SIFs and how these changed over time in Australia.MethodsData were drawn from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey, a national sample collecting data on illicit drug use and attitudes towards drug policy among Australians (2001–2019). Ordinal logistic regression assessed sociodemographic characteristics associated with different attitudes to SIFs and binary logistic regression assessed trends over time and by jurisdiction.ResultsIn 2019, 54% of respondents (95% CI 52.9, 55.1) supported SIFs, 27.5% (95% CI 26.6, 28.4) opposed and 18.4% (95% CI 17.7, 19.2) were ambivalent. Support for SIFs correlated with having a university degree (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.58, 1.94), non‐heterosexual identity (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.51, 2.17) and recent illicit drug use (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.55, 1.94). Male respondents or those living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas had lower odds of supporting SIFs (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85, 1.00; OR 0.64–0.80, respectively). Between 2001 and 2019, support for SIFs increased modestly by 3.3%, those who ‘don't know’ by 7.4%, whereas opposition decreased by 11.7%. Between 2001 and 2019, support for SIFs increased in NSW and Queensland, whereas opposition decreased in all jurisdictions.Discussion and ConclusionsOpposition to SIFs declined over the past 20 years, but a substantial proportion of respondents are ambivalent or ‘don't know enough to say’. Plain language information about SIFs and their potential benefits, targeted to those who are ambivalent/’don't know’ may further increase public support.
Risk‐scoring system predicting need for hospital‐specific interventional care after peroral endoscopic myotomy
Authors: Abe Hirofumi , Tanaka Shinwa , Sakaguchi Hiroya , Ueda Chise , Hori Hitomi , Nakai Tatsuya , Yoshizaki Tetsuya , Kawara Fumiaki , Toyonaga Takashi , Kinoshita Masato , Urakami Satoshi , Hoki Shinya , Tanabe Hiroshi , Kodama Yuzo 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesEarly identification of patients needing hospital‐specific interventional care (HIC) following endoscopic treatment is valuable for optimizing postoperative hospital stays. We aimed to develop and validate a risk‐scoring system for predicting HIC in patients who underwent peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).MethodsThis study included patients with esophageal motility disorders who underwent POEM at our hospital between April 2015 and March 2023. HIC was defined as any of the following situations: fasting for gastrointestinal rest to manage adverse events (AEs); intravenous administration of medications such as antibiotics and blood transfusion; endoscopic, radiologic, and surgical interventions; intensive care unit management; or other life‐threatening events. A risk‐scoring system for predicting HIC after postoperative day (POD) 1 was developed using multivariable logistic regression and was internally validated using bootstrapping and decision curve analysis.ResultsOf the 589 patients, 50 (8.5%) experienced HIC after POD1. Risk scores were assigned for four factors as follows: age (0 points for <70 years, 1 point for 70–79 years, 2 points for ≥80 years), preoperative prognostic nutritional index (0 points for >45, 1 point for 40–45, 4 points for <40), postoperative surgical site AEs on second‐look endoscopy (7 points), and postoperative pneumonia on chest radiography (6 points). The discriminative ability (concordance statistics, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–0.91) and calibration (slope 1.00; 0.74–1.28) were satisfactory. The decision curve analysis demonstrated its clinical usefulness.ConclusionThis risk‐scoring system can predict the HIC after POD1 and provide useful information for determining discharge.
Utilization and cost of non‐insulin glucose‐lowering drugs in Australia from 2013 to 2023
Authors: Hamblin Peter S. , Earnest Arul , Russell Anthony W. , Talic Stella , Zomer Ella , Zoungas Sophia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the utilization and costs of non‐insulin glucose‐lowering drugs (GLDs) in Australia from 2013 to 2023.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) administrative dataset of 118 727 494 GLD prescriptions. The main outcome measures were the annual number of GLD prescriptions dispensed, accounting for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence and healthcare system costs, adjusted for inflation.ResultsUtilization of GLDs doubled from 6.4 million prescriptions in 2013 to 15.6 million in 2023. The average annual percent increase in utilization was 8.1%, compared to the average annual increase in prevalence of T2DM of 1.8%. The biggest change was in sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, for which there was an average annual increase in utilization of 59.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51.7%, 68.2%; p < 0.05) from 2014 (first full year of PBS listing), followed by glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs), which showed an increase of 31.4% (95% CI 28.5%, 33.8%; p < 0.05) annually (2013 to 2023). Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor utilization tripled, with an average annual increase of 10.9% (95% CI 8.1%, 13.8%; p < 0.05), but this plateaued from 2020. Metformin utilization increased by 4.7% (95% CI 2.0%, 6.9%; p < 0.05) annually. In contrast, sulphonylurea, glitazone and acarbose utilization declined. Total GLD costs increased threefold over the same period. Despite only accounting for 11.7% of utilization, GLP‐1RAs contributed to 35% of the costs.ConclusionUtilization of GLDs doubled, and associated costs tripled over the past 11 years, with no sign of either utilization or costs plateauing, predominantly due to increased GLP‐1RA and SGLT2 inhibitor prescribing.
Resisting carceral confinement in Guyana: Legacies of a colonial state
Authors: Moss Kellie , Warren Kristy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrisoners in Guyana have been protesting about living conditions and an overtly punitive environment since British colonial rule (1814–1966). Drawing upon official investigations, colonial records and newspaper reports, this article analyses some of the key features of resistance, including uprisings, escapes and everyday breaches of prison rules from the 19th century to the present day. It argues that Guyanese society is still impacted by the punitive nature of colonial plantation society which compels and informs prisoner experiences and responses in the nation's prisons today.
Structural, techno‐functional and nutraceutical properties of lentil proteins – a concise review
Authors: Shevkani Khetan , Sharma Paras , Singh Balwinder , Kaur Amritpal , Singh Narpinder 
Published: September 2024

SummaryLentil is one of the major pulses consumed in many parts of the world. Lentil proteins comprise primarily three fractions, viz. globulins, albumins and glutelins, each having distinct structural and functional characteristics. The secondary structure of lentil proteins is characterised by a predominance of β‐sheets, which occur in proportions up to 63% in the fractions. Protein isolates, in comparison, have up to 40% random coils, 38% sheets, 36% turns and 33% helix. Lentil proteins contain most essential amino acids, while albumins and glutelins have relatively higher content of lysine, methionine, histidine, threonine and branched‐chain amino acids. Amongst globulin proteins, vicilins have a more balanced amino acid composition than legumins. Lentil proteins also exhibit techno‐functional properties (foaming and emulsification, water and fat absorption and gelation) and may also serve as a potential source of active proteins/peptides, which make them an attractive alternative to conventional protein sources.
Rapid detection and occurrence of foodborne pathogens in minimally processed vegetables: a review
Authors: Lombardi Eliane Cristina , Ullah Sana , de Oliveira Carlos Augusto Fernandes 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe increased consumption of minimally processed vegetables (MPV) in various countries is related to the continued interest of consumers in seeking practical and healthy food items. Due to multiple processing steps, MPV can be contaminated by several foodborne pathogens that pose significant health risks to consumers. The use of rapid techniques to detect pathogens in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) foods such as MPV is therefore essential to provide high quality and safe products. This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of molecular‐based techniques for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in MPV, and their occurrence reported in studies published in the last 10 years. The main pathogens detected using rapid methods were Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp., and Campylobacter jejuni. Molecular‐based techniques included real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS), and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The data indicate high incidences of pathogenic bacteria in MPV, stressing the need for their rapid detection in these products to prevent associated health risks. Further studies should be carried out to increase the sensitivity of molecular‐based techniques and prevent false positives due to undesirable non‐specific PCR amplifications.