bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new method for the reaction of cross-coupling: preparation of 5,5′-bi(1,10-phenanthroline)
Authors: Ağırtaş Mehmet Salih 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of 5,5′-bi(1,10-phenanthroline) (3) are described. Compound 3 was obtained by treatment of 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline (1) with 4-hydroxy- phthalonitrile (2) in the presence of K2CO3 as a base in DMF at room temperature for 25 h.
Auditory processing abilities in amateur musicians
Authors: Anand Kruthika , Mohan Kishan Madikeri , Yeraguntla Krishna 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMusic has important consequences on the anatomo-functional organization of the brain. Learning and listening to music has various advantages beginning with relaxation, mind training and neural strengthening. Learning music when young has a wide influence on cognion, attention and listening thereby resulting in better performance in most tasks. Currently the practice of parents exposing their children from the womb through their children’s early years has not been researched and explored.Method:School going children who are undergoing music training for more than 2 years and an non-musical control group were tested for auditory processing abilities for pitch perception, gap detection and auditory processing performance scale.Result:The children in the school going amateur musical group out performed the non-musical trained group in the pitch pattern test, the random gap detection test and in the child auditory processing performance scale.Conclusion:Music training results in better temporal processing which can be shown in classroom activities. The improvement observed in amateur musicians over a short training duration, can be attributed to the pitch, loudness, and duration of the acrobatics that the musicians undergo. Studying these aspects and reporting the benefits help in designing training modules for children with various developmental disorders.
Genetic Variability and Associations Between Grain Yield and Related Traits inAmaranthus cruentusandAmaranthus hypochondriacusGrown at Two Locations
Authors: Oduwaye Olusegun A. , Porbeni Justina B.O. , Adetiloye Ibidun S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFor plant genetic improvement, it is paramount to determine genetic components for the selection of desirable traits. EighteenAmaranthus cruentusand 11Amaranthus hypochondriacusgenotypes were evaluated at two locations in Nigeria differing in temperature/precipitation to determine the influence of environment on genetic gain. Genotype × environment was significant for all analysed morphological parameters and for grain yield, 1000 seed weight and no. of days to 50% flowering inA. cruentus.InA. hypochondriacusgenotype × environment was significant for plant height, leaf length and width, leaf area, inflorescence length, 1000 seed weight and grain yield. Higher genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability estimates, and genetic advance was observed for the traits at Abeokuta (more wet) than Ibadan (more dry) conditions. Grain yield had positive association with the traits at the two locations except the number of leaves and inflorescence length. Inflorescence length was positively associated with grain yield at Abeokuta and negatively associated at Ibadan. Path analysis indicated simultaneous improvement of grain yield with petiole length and leaf length at Abeokuta but with petiole length and leaf area at Ibadan. In general, the locations had potential for genetic improvement of traits of amaranth grain; therefore, selection criteria for improving grain yield should be considered with respect to environment.
Interval Training for the Senior Population
Authors: Harrison Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
INTERVAL TRAINING HAS BEEN ONE OF THE HOTTEST TOPICS OF DISCUSSION IN FITNESS. DESPITE BEING AN INTEGRAL PART OF ATHLETIC TRAINING PROGRAMS, IT IS NOT TYPICALLY THOUGHT OF AS SAFE FOR ALL POPULATIONS. THIS ARTICLE LOOKS INTO THE CONSIDERATIONS OF ADDING INTERVAL TRAINING INTO SENIOR TRAINING PROGRAMS.
Interactome disassembly during apoptosis occurs independent of caspase cleavage
Authors: Scott Nichollas E , Rogers Lindsay D , Prudova Anna , Brown Nat F , Fortelny Nikolaus , Overall Christopher M , Foster Leonard J 
Published: January 2017

AbstractProtein–protein interaction networks (interactomes) define the functionality of all biological systems. In apoptosis, proteolysis by caspases is thought to initiate disassembly of protein complexes and cell death. Here we used a quantitative proteomics approach, protein correlation profiling (PCP), to explore changes in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial interactomes in response to apoptosis initiation as a function of caspase activity. We measured the response to initiation of Fas‐mediated apoptosis in 17,991 interactions among 2,779 proteins, comprising the largest dynamic interactome to date. The majority of interactions were unaffected early in apoptosis, but multiple complexes containing known caspase targets were disassembled. Nonetheless, proteome‐wide analysis of proteolytic processing by terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS) revealed little correlation between proteolytic and interactome changes. Our findings show that, in apoptosis, significant interactome alterations occur before and independently of caspase activity. Thus, apoptosis initiation includes a tight program of interactome rearrangement, leading to disassembly of relatively few, select complexes. These early interactome alterations occur independently of cleavage of these protein by caspases.
Effect of Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding on Nasal Symmetry in Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip/Palate Patients after Primary Cheiloplasty without Concomitant Nasal Cartilage Dissection
Authors: Liang Zhigang , Yao Jinfeng , Chen Philip K.T. , Zheng Cangshang , Yang Jiying 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) on long-term nasal symmetry and shaping after primary cheiloplasty in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip/palate (UCL/P). Design: This was a two-group, parallel, retrospective, randomized clinical trial. Setting: The setting for this study was the Chang Gung Craniofacial Center in Taoyuan, Taiwan. Patients: Patients were divided into one of the following two groups: infants with UCL/P who underwent PNAM (PNAM group, n = 42) and infants with UCL/P who did not undergo PNAM (non-PNAM group, n = 42). Interventions: Interventions included PNAM and primary cheiloplasty without nasal cartilage dissection. Main Outcome Measures: In this study, 4- to 5-year postoperative full-face and submental oblique photographs were taken of all patients and scored from 1 to 5 points by 10 medical evaluators. The scores were statistically analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance, and P < .05 was considered to represent statistical significance. Results: After 1 to 3 months of PNAM but before primary cheiloplasty, the displaced nasal and alveolar cartilage showed obvious improvement. However, the scores in the PNAM and non-PNAM groups at 4 to 5 years postoperatively were 66.62 ± 14.25 and 66.31 ± 15.08, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( F = 0.009, P = .923). Conclusion: PNAM as an early-stage adjunctive therapy for nasal deformity correction is beneficial before primary cheiloplasty, but it is insufficient to maintain long-term nostril symmetry after primary cheiloplasty without nasal cartilage dissection.
TFII-I and AP2α Co-Occupy the Promoters of Key Regulatory Genes Associated with Craniofacial Development
Authors: Miranda Paige , Enkhmandakh Badam , Bayarsaihan Dashzeveg 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is to define the candidate target genes for TFII-I and AP2α regulation in neural crest progenitor cells. Design: The GTF2I and GTF2IRD1 genes encoding the TFII-I family of transcription factors are prime candidates for the Williams-Beuren syndrome, a complex multisystem disorder characterized by craniofacial, skeletal, and neurocognitive deficiencies. AP2α, a product of the TFAP2A gene, is a master regulator of neural crest cell lineage. Mutations in TFAP2A cause branchio-oculo-facial syndrome characterized by dysmorphic facial features and orofacial clefts. In this study, we examined the genome-wide promoter occupancy of TFII-I and AP2α in neural crest progenitor cells derived from in vitro-differentiated human embryonic stem cells. Results: Our study revealed that TFII-I and AP2α co-occupy a selective set of genes that control the specification of neural crest cells. Conclusions: The data suggest that TFII-I and AP2α may coordinately control the expression of genes encoding chromatin-modifying proteins, epigenetic enzymes, transcription factors, and signaling proteins.
#Cleft
Authors: Khouri Joseph S. , McCheyne Melisande J. , Morrison Clinton S. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Many societies and organizations are using social media to reach their target audience. The extent to which parents of patients with craniofacial anomalies use social media has yet to be determined. The goal of this study is to characterize and describe the use of social media by the parents of children with cleft lip and palate as it pertains to the care of their child. Materials and Methods: Parents or guardian of all patients presenting for initial consultation regarding a child's congenital cleft anomaly were contacted by phone or mail to complete a survey regarding their use of social media vis-à-vis their child's cleft anomaly. Participants were asked to answer a 19-question survey. Results: Thirty-two families were contacted and 25 surveys were completed. Ninety-two percent of respondents used social media to learn about their child's diagnosis. Facebook (76%) and blogs (24%) were the most commonly accessed social media outlets, followed by Instagram (8%). Education about the diagnosis and treatment of cleft pathology (87%) was the most common reason for accessing social media, followed by companionship and support (56%), and advice about perioperative care (52%). Almost half (43%) of parents used social media to obtain information on their caregiver and treatment team, and 26% of parents used information gained on social media to guide their decision on where to seek care. Conclusion: Social media is a readily available resource, one that will certainly shape the experiences of our patients and families for years to come.
Towards the development of a GHG emissions baseline for the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector, South Africa
Authors: Stevens L.B. , Henri J. , Van Nierop M. , Van Staden E. , Lodder J. , Piketh S.J. 
Published: January 2017

South Africa is a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and as such is required to report on Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Energy, Transport, Waste and the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sectors every two years in national inventories. The AFOLU sector is unique in that it comprises both sources and sinks for GHGs. Emissions from the AFOLU sector are estimated to contribute a quarter of the total global greenhouse gas emissions. GHG emissions sources from agriculture include enteric fermentation; manure management; manure deposits on pastures, and soil fertilization. Emissions sources from Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) include anthropogenic land use activities such as: management of croplands, forests and grasslands and changes in land use cover (the conversion of one land use to another). South Africa has improved the quantification of AFOLU emissions and the understanding of the dynamic relationship between sinks and sources over the past decade through projects such as the 2010 GHG Inventory, the Mitigation Potential Analysis (MPA), and the National Terrestrial Carbon Sinks Assessment (NTCSA). These projects highlight key mitigation opportunities in South Africa and discuss their potentials. The problem remains that South Africa does not have an emissions baseline for the AFOLU sector against which the mitigation potentials can be measured. The AFOLU sector as a result is often excluded from future emission projections, giving an incomplete picture of South Africa’s mitigation potential. The purpose of this project was to develop a robust GHG emissions baseline for the AFOLU sector which will enable South Africa to project emissions into the future and demonstrate its contribution towards the global goal of reducing emissions.
The health benefits of attaining and strengthening air quality standards in Cape Town
Authors: Keen S. , Altieri K. 
Published: January 2017

The link between pollution and poor health and mortality has been established globally. Developing countries carry most of the burden of ill health from air pollution, and urban centres like the City of Cape Town even more so. Effective air quality management to protect human health relies on the attainment of air quality standards. This study uses the Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) along with a locally derived exposure-response function and air quality monitor data to investigate whether the consistent attainment of current or more stringent air quality standards would avoid loss of life. The results show that attaining the PM10 24-hour mean South Africa National Standard limit and the PM10 and SO2 24-hour mean World Health Organisation guidelines in Cape Town reduces levels of pollutants and does reduce excess risk of mortality in Cape Town.
Past, present, and future of molecular oncology in India
Authors: Jain Mishti 
Published: January 2017

<span lang="en-US">Cancer has become an important public health issue in India as ICMR in its latest report on cancer status (summarized in Figure 1), has projected that the total number of new cases would be around 14.5 lakhs in 2016 and the figure is likely to reach 17.3 lakhs by the year 2020. </span><span>Molecular oncology, a </span><span lang="en-US">multidisciplinary </span><span>specialty</span><span lang="en-US"> involving extensive use of genomics, computational biology</span><span>,</span><span lang="en-US"> and tumor imaging, is the “backbone technology” for the management of the disease. In the modern day India, the growing significance of molecular genetics and cytogenetics in diagnosis as well as management of various cancers has also led to expansion of genetic diagnostic and counseling services. However, skewed geographical distribution, lack of awareness about the disease, symptoms, and diagnostic practices further augments the challenge of treating cancers in India. Lack of adequate infrastructure and absence of mass screening programs are key barriers to timely and accurate diagnosis in India. Key themes that may help in effective management of cancer include cost</span><span>-</span><span lang="en-US">effective, early diagnosis and screening; national planning based on robust and granular cancer registry; public-private partnerships to decentralize cancer care delivery and nurture cent</span><span>e</span><span lang="en-US">rs of excellence.</span>
PENGARUH NANOPARTIKEL ZINC OXIDE DAN ETILEN GLIKOL TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN ANTIMIKROBA BIODEGRADABLE FOAM
Authors: Rahmatunisa Risma , Iriani Evi Savitri , Suyatma Nugraha Edhi , Syarief Rizal 
Published: January 2017

<p>Biodegradable foam packaging were made from tapioca, corn hominy, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP), and plasticizer ethylene<br />glicol (EG). Packaging materials were processed by thermopressing. The aim of research was to find out the effects of ZnONP and<br />EG addition. The research design was a completely randomized factorial followed by Duncan test at α=5%. Two factors used in the<br />research, namely ZnONP concentrationsat 0, 1, and 2 % and EG concentrations at 0 and 5%. The effects of ZnONP incorporation on<br />physical properties and antimicrobial activity of the trays were evaluated by analysis on their color parameters, moisture content, water absorption, density, crystallinity, morphological structure, thermal and antimicrobial activity. The best treatment was Z2P0 with 2% ZnONP and 0% EG, characteristics of biodegradable was L value 78.42, °hue value 91.88, moisture content 7.65%, water absorption<br />59.65%, density 0.64g/cm³, crystallinity 38.3%, Tm 160.24°C, and reduced 1 log of Staphylococcus aureus colonies. The research<br />proved that the obtained biodegradable foam made from tapioca, corn hominy, ZnONP, and plasticizer EG has a potential to be used as<br />antimicrobial packaging for food products.</p>
Вплив імплантації NeuroGelТM в асоціації з ксеногенними стовбуровими клітинами кісткового мозку на динаміку синдрому спастичності після спінальної травми в експерименті
Authors: Tsymbaliuk V.I. , Medvediev V.V. , Rybachuk O.A. , Kozyavkin V.I. , Draguntsova N.G. 
Published: January 2017

Мета — дослідити вплив імплантації NeuroGelTM в асоціації зі стовбуровими клітинами кісткового мозку (СККМ) на динаміку спастичності в паретичній задній кінцівці щура після травми спинного мозку. Матеріали та методи. Тварини — білі безпородні щури-самці (5 міс., 250 г); групи: 1-ша — травма спинного мозку (n = 16); 2-га — травма спинного мозку + гомотопічна імплантація фрагмента NeuroGelTM (n = 20); 3-тя — травма спинного мозку + гомотопічна імплантація фрагмента NeuroGelTM, асоційованого зі СККМ миші (n = 16). Модель травми — лівобічний перетин половини спинного мозку на рівні Т11; термін спостереження — 28 тиж., оцінку показника функції (ПФ) та показника спастичності (ПС) задньої іпсилатеральної кінцівки (ЗІК) проводили за шкалами Basso — Beattie — Bresnahan та Ashworth відповідно. Результати. ПС ЗІК станом на 28-й тиждень експерименту в групі 1 становив 2,5 ± 0,4 бала за шкалою Ashworth, у групах 2 і 3 — 1,7 ± 0,2 бала та 1,7 ± 0,3 бала відповідно. Значущу різницю між значеннями ПС ЗІК у групах 1 і 2 виявляли на 7-му добу, на 5–7-му та 12–24-му тижнях, між групами 1 і 3 — на 7-му добу, на 7–8-му та 16-му тижнях; максимальну різницю ПС ЗІК між групами 2 і 3 — на 12-му тижні спостереження (р = 0,059). Динаміка ПС ЗІК у групах 2 і 3 однотипна, відрізняється відсутністю значущого приросту протягом 3-го тижня, наявністю значущого приросту протягом 3–4-го місяця. На відміну від групи 1 у групах 2 і 3 при від’ємній кореляції індивідуальних значень ПФ та ПС ЗІК у межах кожного з термінів спостереження визначали сильну додатну кореляцію значень обох показників, усереднених по групах, упродовж загального періоду спостереження. Висновок. Ксенотрансплантація СККМ у комплексі з NeuroGelTM не призводить до значущих змін рівня спастичності порівняно з ізольованою імплантацією NeuroGelTM, однак суттєво змінює динаміку цього ускладнення спінальної травми.
A inserção urbana dos empreendimentos do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida na escala local: uma análise do entorno de sete conjuntos habitacionais
Authors: Nisida Vitor Coelho , Vannuchi Luanda Villas Boas , Rossi Luis Guilherme Alves , Borrelli Julia Ferreira Sá , Lopes Ana Paula De Oliveira 
Published: January 2017

Desde seu lançamento, em 2009, o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) produziu milhões de unidades habitacionais para a população de baixa renda brasileira. No entanto, essa política federal de provisão de moradias tem apresentado resultados preocupantes em relação à inserção urbana dos empreendimentos implementados. Este artigo apresenta o resultado da análise de sete estudos de caso em quatro municípios paulistas acerca do padrão de inserção dos conjuntos do MCMV na escala local, isto é, no entorno dos empreendimentos. Além da discussão das localizações periféricas nas quais os conjuntos se inserem, procurou-se analisar as implicações da execução deles para a (re)produção de cidades mais, ou menos, diversificadas e mais, ou menos, inclusivas, do ponto de vista do acesso a diferentes usos, equipamentos e oportunidades, considerando a morfologia urbana e a interação do projeto das moradias com o contexto urbano: todos elementos fundamentais na definição do nível de urbanidade, que poderia – e deveria – ser qualificado/acrescido com a implantação dos novos empreendimentos habitacionais financiados com recursos públicos.
Trigeminal neuralgia and neuropathy in large sporadic vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Neff Brian A. , Carlson Matthew L. , O'Byrne Megan M. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Link Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, presentation, and treatment outcomes of trigeminal nerve–mediated symptoms secondary to large vestibular schwannomas (VSs) with trigeminal nerve contact. Specifically, the symptomatic results of pain, paresthesias, and numbness after microsurgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) were examined.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective review of a database for concomitant diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) or trigeminal neuropathy and VS between 1994 and 2014 at a tertiary academic center. All patients with VS with TN or neuropathy were included, with the exception of those patients with neurofibromatosis Type 2 and patients who elected observation. Patient demographic data, symptom evolution, and treatment outcomes were collected. Population data were summarized, and outcome comparisons between microsurgery and SRS were analyzed at last follow-up.RESULTSSixty (2.2%) of 2771 total patients who had large VSs and either TN or neuropathy symptoms met inclusion criteria. The average age of trigeminal symptom onset was 53.6 years (range 24–79 years), the average age at VS diagnosis was 54.4 years (range 25–79 years), and the average follow-up for the microsurgery and SRS groups was 30 and 59 months, respectively (range 3–132 months). Of these patients, 50 (83%) had facial numbness, 16 (27%) had TN pain, and 13 (22%) had paresthesias (i.e., burning or tingling). Subsequently, 50 (83%) patients underwent resection and 10 (17%) patients received SRS.Treatment of VS with SRS did not improve trigeminal symptoms in any patient. This included 2 subjects with unimproved facial numbness and 4 patients with worsened numbness. Similarly, SRS worsened TN pain and paresthesias in 5 patients and failed to improve pain in 2 additional patients. The Barrow Neurological Institute neuralgia and hypesthesia scale scores were significantly worse for patients undergoing SRS compared with microsurgery.Resection alleviated facial numbness in 22 (50%) patients, paresthesias in 5 (42%) patients, and TN in 7 (70%) patients. In several patients, surgery was not successful in relieving facial numbness, which failed to improve in 17 (39%) cases and became worse in 5 (11%) cases. Also, surgery did not change the intensity of facial paresthesias or neuralgia in 6 (50%) and 3 (25%) patients, respectively. Microsurgery exacerbated facial paresthesias in 1 (8%) patient but, notably, did not aggravate TN in any patient.CONCLUSIONSOverall, resection of large VSs provided improved outcomes for patients with concomitant TN, facial paresthesia, and numbness compared with SRS. However, caution should be used when counseling surgical candidates because a number of patients did not experience improvement. This was especially true in patients with preoperative facial numbness and paresthesias, who frequently reported that these symptoms were unchanged following surgery.