bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Mastication Analysis—A DEM Based Numerical Approach
Authors: Mishra Rajat , Deb Sagar Kumar , Chakrabarty Swasti , Das Manojit , Das Monalisa , Panda Sushanta Kumar , Tiwary Chandra Shekhar , Arora Amit 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMastication is an essential and preliminary step of the digestion process involving fragmentation and mixing of food. Controlled muscle movement of jaws with teeth executes crushing, leading towards fragmentation of food particles. Understanding various parameters involved with the process is essential to solve any biomedical complication in the area of interest. However, exploring and analyzing such process flow through an experimental route is challenging and inefficient. Computational techniques such as discrete element numerical modeling can effectively address such problems. The current work employs the Discrete Element Method (DEM) as a numerical modeling technique to simulate the human mastication process. Tavares and Ab‐T10 breakage models coupled with Gaudin Schumann and Incomplete Beta fragment distribution models have been implemented to analyze the fragmental distribution of food particles. The effect of particle shape (spherical, polyhedron, and faceted cylinder), size (aspect ratio), and orientation (vertical and horizontal) on breakage and fragment distribution is analyzed. To account for the elastic–plastic behavior and moisture content in food particles, modifications has been made in breakage models by incorporating numerical softening factor and adhesion force. The study demonstrates how numerical modeling techniques can be utilized to analyze the mastication process involving multiple process parameters.
Uncovering Patterns in Perceived Therapist Behaviour: A Latent Profile Analysis of Broaching Experiences Among Ethnic Minority Group Member Clients
Authors: Depauw Hilde , Van Hiel Alain 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveRecent research shows that for clients who identify as ethnic minority group members, therapists' effort to include ethnic‐cultural topics in therapy conversations—that is, broaching—is important for clients' evaluations of therapy and symptom improvement. However, little is known about how this is experienced by clients and how different patterns of broaching behaviours are related to the therapeutic process. This study aimed to identify meaningful combinations of therapist broaching behaviours in a sample of clients that identify as ethnic minority group members in outpatient psychotherapy (N = 452; 64.6% women, 33.6% men, 1.3% nonbinary; 0.4% preferred not to say; Mage = 33.8).MethodsIn the present research, we employed latent profile analysis to discern therapist profiles based on the similarity of their reported broaching behaviours. Group differences were analysed with Welch's analysis of variance.ResultsFive profiles were delineated, each revealing specific broaching patterns. The obtained profiles were named Pending, Neutral, Inappropriate, Uninvolved and Engaged. Reported cultural identity concealment was lower and client‐estimated improvement higher in the Pending and Engaged profiles compared to the Inappropriate profile. Both the Neutral and Uninvolved profiles yielded scores in between.ConclusionsPending and Engaged profiles are equally beneficial and the Inappropriate profile is the most harmful in terms of reported cultural concealment and client‐estimated improvement. Implications of findings for practice, training and research are discussed.
Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural Under Mild Conditions Over Single‐Atom Pd1/α‐MoC Catalyst
Authors: Liu Ziyue , Chen Xiaoli , Luo Mi , Jiang Qian , Li Xinyue , Yang Chengmei , Zhang Qi , Ma Longlong , Yan Long 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe selective activation of C=O bonds was the key challenge in the field of biomass utilization. Researchers worked on this purpose by developing high‐active and high‐selective catalysts. In this study, a Pd1/α‐MoC single‐atom catalyst was synthesized and applied in selective hydrogenation of biomass‐derived furfural with 96.7 % conversion and 92.4 % selectivity under a near‐room temperature. With various characterizations, the formation of Pd single‐atom sites over the surface of α‐MoC was confirmed. Then, the dominant structure of Pd single‐atom site and the reaction pathway were proposed with experimental and Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies. Compared with undecorated α‐MoC, the introduction of Pd single‐atom species significantly altered the reaction mechanism from Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley (MPV) process. Moreover, the Pd single‐atoms loading on α‐MoC(111) surface notably reduced the energy barriers of H2 activation and C=O bond hydrogenation, which may lead to the improving catalytic performance of α‐MoC based catalyst. Hence, this investigation could provide a new strategy and understanding for the development of high‐active and low‐cost catalysts.
A Gain‐Enhanced Multiband Frequency and Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for Wi‐Fi 6E and 5G New Radio Wireless Standards
Authors: Ganesh M. , Raghava N. S. , Sabapathy Thennarasan , Sharma Yashna 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a multiband hybrid reconfigurable antenna with enhanced gain is reported to support Wi‐Fi 6E, indoor WLAN, and 5G new radio (NR) wireless standards. The reported structure consists of a half‐hexagonal‐shaped radiating element along with two symmetrical rectangular single‐split resonators interconnected via two PIN diodes to achieve multiband frequency and pattern reconfigurability of the proposed antenna and a single‐layer frequency selective surface (FSS) to enhance the gain. By configuring these PIN diodes in three distinct modes, the reported antenna allows for independent reconfigurability to support multipurpose sub‐6GHz and Wi‐Fi 6E (3.3, 3.5, 5.1, 5.3, and 6.5 GHz) wireless standards, respectively. The results also showed that the antenna is capable of maintaining a frequency of 6.5 GHz in all modes while reconfiguring its radiation pattern in three different directions, namely, 265°, 13°, and 337° on the xz plane. The gain of the proposed hybrid reconfigurable antenna is enhanced by an FSS‐based reflector placed below the radiating structure at a distance of to the lowest operating frequency (3.3 GHz), and the gain is enhanced by 2–4 dBi as compared without FSS. The reported hybrid reconfigurable antenna is implemented on an FR‐4 substrate with a depth of 1.6 mm and a relative permittivity of 4.4. For validation of the proposed structure, the experimental results are compared with the simulated results.
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Cost–Benefit Effect Between Primary Human Papillomavirus Testing, Primary Liquid‐Based Cytology, and Co‐Testing Algorithms for Cervical Lesions
Authors: Woo Chang Gok , Son Seung‐Myoung , Hwang Hye‐Kyung , Bae Jung‐Sil , Lee Ok‐Jun , Lee Ho‐Chang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCytology has long been a major screening method for cervical cancer prevention. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has recently been introduced for cervical cancer screening, and HPV tests become a major screening method in some countries. To seek the optimal strategy considering the cost‐effectiveness for cervical cancer screening, we compared the performance of primary LBC, primary HPV test, and LBC plus HPV co‐test in real practice.MethodsFrom March 2016 to June 2018, 3742 patients were included in this study. Liquid‐based cytology (LBC), HPV test, and histopathological assessment were performed in 3727, 1063, and 508 cases, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and cost–benefit effects of primary HPV, primary LBC, and co‐test algorithms were simulated for 317 cases with LBC, HPV, and histopathological results.ResultsOn the LBC, 13.0% of the cases were diagnosed with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher grade lesions. In the HPV test, high‐risk HPV was found in 43.5%, and 11.9% was positive for HPV type 16 or 18. Among the three simulated algorithms, the co‐test demonstrated the best sensitivity (97.5%) and the lowest specificity (50.3%). The primary LBC demonstrated the best specificity (53.5%) and a slightly better sensitivity, compare with the primary HPV (95.1% vs. 93.8%). Using the primary LBC algorithm, 82.0% can be determined without additional HPV test, whereas 50.1% could be determined without additional LBC using the primary HPV algorithm.ConclusionsThe primary LBC algorithm for uterine cervical cancer (UCC) screening is comparable to the primary HPV algorithm and has the best cost–benefit effect among the three algorithms.
Sustainability assessment of seawater splitting: Prospects, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Meskher Hicham , Woldu Abebe Reda , Chu Paul K. , Lu Fushen , Hu Liangsheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeawater splitting is one of the desirable techniques for producing green hydrogen from the vast natural resource. Several reports about designing and fabricating efficient electrocatalysts to boost the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction have been published. However, they mainly focus on the electrodes, electrocatalysts, cost, and system stability. This article presents an overview of seawater splitting by highlighting the most challenging issues that complicate seawater electrolysis, such as durability, to guide future research in this important area. The strategy to launch life cycle assessments is described to evaluate the short and long‐term impacts. Finally, the current challenges and prospective solutions are discussed.
Environmental DNA sheds new insight on molecular adaptation of foraminifera to temperature from laboratory‐controlled culture experiment
Authors: Li Haotian , Lei Yanli , Fa Wenlong , Wu Tianzhen , Li Tiegang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractForaminifera is the most important temperature proxy of the ocean on long time scales. However, the absence of temperature‐controlled experiments at different water depths hinders the advancement of paleotemperature reconstruction with foraminifera from the continental shelf. For the first time, this study investigated the response of benthic foraminifera to temperature change using microcosm culture and metabarcoding. Foraminiferal communities from three continental stations at varying water depths (6.0, 9.2, and 26.0 m) were cultured under five temperature gradients (6, 12, 18, 24, and 30°C), with each treatment performed in triplicate. The foraminifera were fed with microalgae every 4 days, and the filtered seawater (through 0.22 μm pores), acting as a medium, was changed accordingly. The experiment lasted for 80 days, and 47 DNA samples were obtained and analyzed, including three in situ samples. The results showed that foraminifera adjusted its growth rate within the low‐temperature range and adopted an r‐strategy to cope with high‐temperature stress. In addition, the foraminifera from deeper water stations exhibited a pronounced vulnerability to diminishing read counts. The read counts, operational taxonomic units (OTU) counts and Margalef index of foraminifera and the read counts of Rotaliida exhibited a remarkably positive correlation with temperature. The recommended relationships were described as read counts = 1314.75*T + 44754.51; OTU counts = 1.13*T + 44.26; Margalef index =1.13*T + 44.26. This study established the first quantitative relationship between temperature and foraminifera molecular parameters that holds significant implications for long‐time paleotemperature calibration in climate change.
Assessment of Ecological Status of Streams by Macrophyte Biological Index in Kahramanmaras Province (Turkiye)
Authors: Çelekli Abuzer , Uygun Büşra , Yavuzatmaca Mehmet , Lekesiz Ömer , Dügel Muzaffer 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTClimate change and human‐induced pollution threaten freshwater systems. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the macrophytes‐stressor relations and ecological quality status based on the Macrophyte Biological Index for Rivers (Indice Biologique Macrophytique en Rivière [IBMR]) index of 25 streams sampled in the spring (rainy) and autumn (dry) seasons of 2021 in Kahramanmaraş province. A total of 53 macrophyte taxa were identified, and Lycopus europaeus, Mentha longifolia, Mentha aquatica, Juncus sp., Cladophora glomerata and Carex sp. were common taxa. Canonical correspondence analysis results indicated significant effects of total phosphorus, nitrite, dissolvent oxygen, electrical conductivity, bromate and boron on the distribution of macrophytes among streams, which was supported by results of the weighted average regression analysis. The IBMR indicated that the ecological quality status varied from bad to good in the studied streams. Deterioration in the water quality of a few ecosystems in the dry season compared to the rainy season was elucidated by the IBMR, which also distinguished the ecological conditions of streams. Results highlight that macrophyte species are one of the most important bioindicators to evaluate the ecological status of streams in Kahramanmaraş province due to their sensitivity to changes in environmental conditions. All suggest that IBMR can be used to evaluate the ecological health of streams in the Mediterranean region.
Strategy for C−H Functionalization of Cubanes: From Stoichiometric Reaction to Catalytic Methodology
Authors: Hosaka Masaki , Nagasawa Shota , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe summarized a strategy for C−H functionalization of cubanes, highlighting recent progress in the field. Cubane, known as a bioisostere of benzene ring, and its functionalization hold significant potential for future drug development. However, owing to its highly strained and thermodynamically unstable nature, the methodologies are limited and their precise and diverse functionalization is challenging in current organic chemistry. In this Concept, we categorized and explained these methodologies, which represents a majority of current cubane C−H functionalization. In addition, we discussed recent advancements in catalytic C−H functionalization methods, demonstrating their potential to address these challenges effectively.
The higher the fraction of maximal oxygen uptake is during interval training, the greater is the cycling performance gain
Authors: Odden Ingvill , Nymoen Lars , Urianstad Tomas , Kristoffersen Morten , Hammarström Daniel , Hansen Joar , Mølmen Knut Sindre , Rønnestad Bent R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt has been suggested that time at a high fraction (%) of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) plays a decisive role for adaptations to interval training. Yet, no study has, to date, measured the % of VO2max during all interval sessions throughout a prolonged training intervention and subsequently related it to the magnitude of training adaptations. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between % of VO2max achieved during an interval training intervention and changes in endurance performance and its physiological determinants in well‐trained cyclists. Twenty‐two cyclists (VO2max 67.1 (6.4) mL·min−1 ·kg−1; males, n = 19; females, n = 3) underwent a 9‐week interval training intervention, consisting 21 sessions of 5 × 8‐min intervals conducted at their 40‐min highest sustainable mean power output (PO). Oxygen uptake was measured during all interval sessions, and the relationship between % of VO2max during work intervals and training adaptations were investigated using linear regression. A performance index was calculated from several performance measures. With higher % of VO2max during work intervals, greater improvements were observed for maximal PO during the VO2max test (R2adjusted = 0.44, p = 0.009), PO at 4 mmol·L−1 [blood lactate] (R2adjusted = 0.25, p = 0.035), the performance index (R2adjusted = 0.36, p = 0.013), and VO2max (R2adjusted = 0.54, p = 0.029). Other measures, such as % of maximal heart rate, were related to fewer outcome variables and exhibited poorer session‐to‐session repeatability compared to % of VO2max. In conclusion, improvements in endurance measures were positively related to the % of VO2max achieved during interval training. Percentage of VO2max was the measure that best reflected the magnitude of training adaptations.
The association between structural connectivity and anti‐seizure medication response in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Lee Dong Ah , Ko Junghae , Kim Sung‐Tae , Lee Ho‐Joon , Park Kang Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the differences in structural connectivity and glymphatic system function between patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and healthy controls. Additionally, we analyzed the association between structural connectivity, glymphatic system function, and antiseizure medication (ASM) response.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled patients with TLE and HS and healthy controls who underwent diffusion tensor imaging at our hospital. We assessed structural connectivity in patients with TLE and HS and healthy controls by calculating network measures using graph theory and evaluated glymphatic system function using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) index. Patients with TLE and HS were categorized into two groups: ASM poor and good responders.ResultsWe enrolled 55 patients with TLE and HS and 53 healthy controls. Of the 55 patients with TLE and HS, 39 were ASM poor responders, and 16 were ASM good responders. The assortativity coefficient in patients with TLE and HS was higher than that in healthy controls (0.004 vs. −0.007, p = 0.004), and the assortativity coefficient in ASM poor responders was lower than that in ASM good responders (−0.001 vs. −0.197, p = 0.003). The DTI‐ALPS index in patients with TLE and HS was lower than that in healthy controls (1.403 vs. 1.709, p < 0.001); however, the DTI‐ALPS index did not differ between ASM poor and good responders (1.411 vs. 1.385, p = 0.628). The DTI‐ALPS index had a significant negative correlation with age in patients with TLE and HS (r = −0.267, p = 0.049).SignificanceWe confirmed increased assortativity coefficient in structural connectivity and decreased DTI‐ALPS index in patients with TLE and HS compared with healthy controls. Additionally, we demonstrated an association between decreased assortativity coefficient in structural connectivity and ASM poor response in patients with TLE patients and HS.Plain Language SummaryThis study investigates the relationship between brain connectivity changes and glymphatic system function with antiseizure medication response in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis. The research reveals that these patients show altered brain connectivity and glymphatic function compared to healthy individuals. A key finding is the strong link between a specific connectivity measure (assortativity coefficient) and antiseizure medication response, providing valuable insights that could influence epilepsy treatment and future research directions.
Semen Trigonellae alleviates LPS‐induced depressive behavior via enhancing the abundance of Ligilactobacillus spp.
Authors: Chang Wenhui , Guo Jing , Yang Yanan , Zou Linen , Fu Yu , Li Mingxi , Li Leilei , Li Chenxi , Wang Xinya , Zhao Xiaohui , Wu Chongming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rising incidence rate of depression presents a substantial threat to human well‐being. Semen Trigonellae (ST), the dried mature seeds of Trigonella foenum‐graecum L., has a long‐standing traditional reputation for alleviating anxiety and hopelessness. However, the anti‐depressant mechanism of ST remains poorly understood. This study aimed to assess ST's anti‐depressant, as well as explore its potential mechanism from a gut microbial aspect. The Kunming mice were challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce depression‐like behavior and then orally administrated with aqueous extract of ST. The behavioral test, and hippocampal and serum biochemical indicators were detected to assess anti‐depressant effect of ST. We utilized full‐length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate how ST influences gut microbiota modulation. Administration of ST mitigated LPS‐induced depression‐like behaviors. ST reversed the decrease in hippocampal 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels while reducing serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6). Microbial analysis revealed that administration of ST markedly shifted the gut microbiota structure, dramatically and dose‐dependently increased the abundance of Ligilactobacillus murinus and Ligilactobacillus animalis. Experimentally, oral administration of live L. murinus and L. animalis to LPS‐challenged mice yielded similar effects to ST in ameliorating depression, elevating 5‐HT and BDNF, and reducing proinflammatory cytokines. These findings provide evidence that ST is a promising medical food for the management of depression, in which modulation of the gut microbiota, particularly enhancing the abundance of Ligilactobacillus plays an important role.
Optimizing Grape Quality Through Tillage and Organic Fertilization: A Comprehensive Analysis of Phenolic and Anthocyanin Variability Over Three Years
Authors: Kaya Ozkan , Ates Fadime , Daler Selda , Canturk Sevil , Turan Metin , Hatterman‐Valenti Harlene 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTKnowing the concentration levels of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in grape berries plays a key role, as these compounds significantly contribute to the nutritional value and quality of grapes, affecting both health benefits and grape quality. The current study was conducted to investigate how different tillage (disc harrow, chisel, no tillage) and organic fertilizer (Antep radish and broccoli chopped residue, olive blackwater) treatments affect the concentration of these valuable compounds in Royal grape berries over three consecutive years (2020–2022), providing insights into optimal agricultural practices for enhancing grape quality. Our results documented significant variations in phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations across different soil tillage, organic fertilizer treatments and years. Among the soil treatments, the disc harrow treatment emerged as the most effective in increasing the levels of most phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, while the broccoli fertilizer treatment was identified as the superior fertilizer application for achieving the same goal. Excluding disc harrow and broccoli fertilizer treatments, other treatments such as no tillage and chisel tillage, and fertilizers like olive blackwater and Antep radish, showed variable effectiveness. These treatments, although less effective overall than the leading treatments, contributed to increased levels of certain compounds such as resveratrol and pterostilbene, indicating their specific benefits. The findings also indicated specific combinations of tillage and fertilizer treatments that maximized the accumulation of certain phenolic compounds, like the combination of no tillage with broccoli fertilizer, which was particularly effective in increasing the levels of vanillic acid and trans‐caffeic acid. To sum up, by adopting practices such as disc harrow tillage and broccoli fertilizer application, viticulturists can enhance the phenolic and anthocyanin profiles of grapes, thus improving their nutritional value and potentially the quality of grape and wine produced from these grapes.