bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of plowing on vertical distribution of radioactive Cs and soil physicochemical properties in temperate pastures
Authors: Komissarov Mikhail , Ogura Shin‐ichiro , Kato Hiroaki , Saito Masanori 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of plowing on the vertical migration of radioactive Cs, air dose rate, and soil physicochemical properties in temperate pastures after radioactive pollution from the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The study area consisted of three plowed pastures (decontamination treatment) and one non‐plowed pasture at the Kawatabi Field Science Center of Tohoku University, 150 km north of the nuclear power plant. Air dose rate was measured at the top, middle, and bottom of the slope of each pasture. A profile pit (1 m × 3 m) was excavated at each location. Plants, litter and soil samples (from 0 cm to the parent material layer) were collected from all locations during the summer of 2014 to determine the radioactive Cs concentration. Particle size distribution and bulk density of the soil samples were also measured. Air dose rate was higher on the non‐plowed (0.090–0.097 μSv h−1) than that on the plowed (0.047–0.073 μSv h−1) pastures. Radioactive Cs concentration was high in the litter layer (207–475 Bq kg−1 dry matter [DM]) and the topsoil (0–2.5 cm depth; 412–1139 Bq kg−1 DM) in the non‐plowed pasture. In the plowed pastures, these variables did not differ within the 0–40 cm layer. In the non‐plowed pasture, there were high sand (37.0%) and low silt (61.4%) proportions at 10–20 cm and the topsoil had a high bulk density. In the plowed pastures, these variables were similar within the 0–20 cm layer. The bulk density (P < 0.001) and organic matter content (P < 0.05) had significant relationships with the concentration of radioactive Cs. These results indicate that plowing reduced air dose rate.
Ability of crystal promoters to delay fat bloom development in heat‐resistant compound chocolate with or without the presence of crystal inhibitor
Authors: Rosales Czarina Kristine , Suwonsichon Suntaree , Klinkesorn Utai 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThree additives that acted as crystal promoters (CP1, CP2 and CP3), at varying concentrations, were studied to determine their effect on fat bloom inhibition in heat‐resistant compound chocolates. CP1 was composed of mono‐ and diglycerides and polyglycerol esters from high‐oleic sunflower oil. CP2 consisted of mono‐ and diglycerides, lecithin and citric acid esters from blended canola oil and palm stearin. CP3 was composed of triglycerides from fully hydrogenated canola oil. Based on instrumental and sensory evaluations, all crystal promoters significantly (P ≤ 0.05) delayed fat bloom formation. Although compound chocolate with 0.25% CP1 showed more rapid bloom development than those with CP2 and CP3, addition of the crystal inhibitor sorbitan tristearate (STS) to the sample at 0.5% concentration further delayed (P ≤ 0.05) fat bloom development. The considerable delay in fat bloom formation suggests that the addition of carefully selected crystal modifier additives can improve the quality of heat‐resistant compound chocolates.
Trust and Hometown Associations in Haitian Post‐Earthquake Reconstruction
Authors: Joseph Sophonie Milande , Irazábal Clara , Désir Alison M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe 7.0 magnitude earthquake on January 12, 2010 in Haiti reawakened in the diaspora a strong sense of purpose to focus efforts beyond family remittances towards regional and national development. Yet Haitian hometown associations (HHTAs) in theUSstruggled to establish a strong, organizational structure to respond systematically and effectively to the country's increased post‐earthquake needs. Based on historical analysis, participatory observations, interviews, and comparisons with other diaspora groups’ models for homeland development, we explore how trust within the transnational Haitian nation has been impacted in the post‐earthquake era by cultural conditionings of the past which constrain the scalability, durability, and viability ofHHTAs’ developmental potential to systematically intervene in a coordinated manner regionally and nationally. We examine the ways in which trust – and resistances to it – operates as a mediating lens remobilized by the earthquake for the interpretation of the Haitian past, present, and future.
Thermoelectric performance of SnTe with ZnO carrier compensation, energy filtering, and multiscale phonon scattering
Authors: Zhou Zhiwei , Yang Junyou , Jiang Qinghui , Zhang Dan , Xin Jiwu , Li Xin , Ren Yangyang , He Xu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this work, the thermoelectric properties of SnTe have been regulated synergistically by introduction of n‐type ZnO nanoinclusions. On one hand, the excessive holes in SnTe matrix were compensated properly by n‐type ZnO, and the Seebeck coefficient has been improved greatly due to the carrier energy filtering effect by a large quantity of ZnO‐SnTe hetero‐junction interface barriers; On the other hand, the thermal conductivity gets reduced by the enhanced phonon scattering from multiscale hierarchical architectures. Consequently, a maximum ZT of ~0.9 at 873K has been obtained in the 0.8 wt% sample, which enhances by 112% in comparison with the nanoinclusion‐free sample.
The use of advanced web‐based survey design in Delphi research
Authors: Helms Christopher , Gardner Anne , McInnes Elizabeth 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimA discussion of the application of metadata, paradata and embedded data in web‐based survey research, using two completed Delphi surveys as examples.BackgroundMetadata, paradata and embedded data use in web‐based Delphi surveys has not been described in the literature. The rapid evolution and widespread use of online survey methods imply that paper‐based Delphi methods will likely become obsolete. Commercially available web‐based survey tools offer a convenient and affordable means of conducting Delphi research. Researchers and ethics committees may be unaware of the benefits and risks of using metadata in web‐based surveys.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesTwo web‐based, three‐round Delphi surveys were conducted sequentially between August 2014 ‐ January 2015 and April ‐ May 2016. Their aims were to validate the Australian nurse practitioner metaspecialties and their respective clinical practice standards. Our discussion paper is supported by researcher experience and data obtained from conducting both web‐based Delphi surveys.Implications for nursingResearchers and ethics committees should consider the benefits and risks of metadata use in web‐based survey methods. Web‐based Delphi research using paradata and embedded data may introduce efficiencies that improve individual participant survey experiences and reduce attrition across iterations. Use of embedded data allows the efficient conduct of multiple simultaneous Delphi surveys across a shorter timeframe than traditional survey methods.ConclusionThe use of metadata, paradata and embedded data appears to improve response rates, identify bias and give possible explanation for apparent outlier responses, providing an efficient method of conducting web‐based Delphi surveys.
Sexual care for patients receiving dialysis: A cross‐sectional study identifying the role of nurses working in the dialysis department
Authors: van Ek Gaby F. , Gawi Adina , Nicolai Melianthe P. J. , Krouwel Esmée M. , Den Oudsten Brenda L. , Den Ouden Marjolein E. M. , Schaapherder Alexander F. , Putter Hein , Pelger Rob C. M. , Elzevier Henk W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimsTo explore the role of nurses in the dialysis department in providing sexual care to patients receiving dialysis.BackgroundSexual health is not self‐evident for patients undergoing dialysis; 70% experience sexual dysfunction. Nevertheless, sexual care is often not provided.DesignA national cross‐sectional survey.MethodsQuestionnaires (n = 1211) were sent to employees of 34 dialysis centres from January–May 2016. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests were used to describe and interpret data.ResultsThe response rate was 45.6%. Three‐quarter of nurses discussed sexual dysfunction with less than half of their patients. Main barriers for discussing were based on language and ethnicity (57.3%), culture and religion (54.1%) and the older age of the patient (49.7%). Eighteen per cent of nurses had sufficient knowledge on sexual dysfunction, competence was present in 51.2% of nurses and 68.3% indicated a need for training. Forty‐three per cent knew about guidelines on sexual care by renal care providers. Nurses who rated their knowledge or competence higher or who were aware of guidelines discussed sexuality more often. The accountability for discussing sexuality was appointed to nephrologists (82.8%) and their own group of professionals (66.3%). Nurses referred 1.16% of their patients to sexual care providers.ConclusionDialysis nurses do not consistently address patients’ sexuality, although they feel accountable to do so. This seems due to self‐imposed insufficient knowledge, cultural barriers and organizational problems. Study findings imply that current situation could benefit from guidelines, additional training, a private moment to discuss sexual dysfunction and adequate referral systems to specialized care providers.
Demand for fair value accounting: The case of the asset revaluation boom in Korea during the global financial crisis
Authors: Yoo Choong‐Yuel , Choi Tae Hee , Pae Jinhan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhen the fair value accounting (FVA) option for property, plant, and equipment was introduced in the midst of the global financial crisis, a significant proportion of Korean firms elected FVA. We attribute this unusual boom in asset revaluations to the nation's culture of government intervention and civilian compliance, which was particularly espoused during this period of financial turmoil, and a foreseeable option to switch back to historical cost accounting. We find that among those firms whose debt‐to‐equity ratios are low, public firms opt for the FVA option more often than private firms, suggesting that the need to communicate fair value information with diversified equity holders is more important than the need to do so with creditors. In contrast, among those firms whose debt‐to‐equity ratios are high enough to warrant such unfavorable dispositions as new debt freezes and monitoring by regulators, we find no difference in the FVA choice between private and public firms. These findings imply that during the global financial crisis, private firms that rely heavily on debt financing have a strong incentive to utilize FVA to comply with government guidelines for the debt‐to‐equity ratio and to ease a potential hold‐up problem by influential creditors.
Telocytes in normal and keratoconic human cornea: an immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopy study
Authors: Marini Mirca , Mencucci Rita , Rosa Irene , Favuzza Eleonora , Guasti Daniele , Ibba‐Manneschi Lidia , Manetti Mirko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTelocytes (TC) are typically defined as cells with telopodes by their ultrastructural features. Their presence was reported in the interstitium of various organs in vertebrates, including humans. However, no study has yet described the presence of TC in the human eye and in particular, within the stromal compartment of the cornea. To address this issue, samples of normal and pathologic (keratoconic) human corneas were tested by immunohistochemistry for CD34, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) and c‐kit/CD117 or examined by transmission electron microscopy. We found that TC coexpressing CD34 and PDGFRα were distributed throughout the whole normal corneal stroma with different TC subtypes being distinguishable on the basis of the expression of the stemness marker c‐kit (i.e. c‐kit‐positive and c‐kit‐negative TC subpopulations). Transmission electron microscopy examination confirmed the existence of spindle‐shaped and bipolar TC typically displaying two long and thin moniliform telopodes establishing intercellular contacts formed by gap junctions. Keratoconic corneas were characterized by ultrastructural damages and patchy loss of TC with an almost complete depletion of the c‐kit‐positive TC subpopulation. We propose that TC may contribute to the maintenance of corneal stromal homoeostasis and that, in particular, the c‐kit‐positive TC subtype might have stemness capacity participating in corneal regeneration and repair processes. Further studies are needed to clarify the differential roles of corneal TC subtypes as well as the possible therapeutic applications of TC in degenerative corneal disorders such as keratoconus.
Influence of the mode of administration on the results of medication adherence questionnaires
Authors: Cabral Ana C. , Moura‐Ramos Mariana , Castel‐Branco Margarida , Caramona Margarida , Fernandez‐Llimos Fernando , Figueiredo Isabel V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroduction and objectivesAdherence to medication regimen is commonly assessed through questionnaires, some of which are validated via self‐administration. The inadequate health literacy of elderly people pushes researchers to the use of interviews as a method of administration. The aims of this study were to compare the results obtained with an interviewer‐administered and a self‐administered medication adherence questionnaire and to evaluate the consequences of the adherence status classification of individuals.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in which the Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos adherence questionnaire was administered to adult patients who were taking at least 1 antihypertensive drug. The data were collected in 7 community pharmacies in central Portugal between March 2014 and September 2015 in 2 different phases: in the first phase, the questionnaire was applied during a healthcare professional interview, and the second phase involved a self‐report administration. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and the measurement and structural invariances across the application methods were examined.ResultsA sample of 425 patients with a mean age of 68.21 ± 10.56 years participated in the study. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that both the interview and self‐report had a good fit with the original model, although the self‐report results exhibited a better fit. In the interview administration, we obtained lower values for skewness and higher levels of kurtosis. The patients subjected to the interview administration presented with a 9.7% higher tendency to answer “never” when compared with the self‐administered application, which overestimated adherence.ConclusionsThe interview administration method induced bias that led to a higher percentage of “never” answers and a subsequent overestimation of adherence levels. Self‐report administration should be preferred in the application of medication adherence questionnaires.
Empirical Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Plug‐In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Plötz Patrick , Funke Simon Árpád , Jochem Patrick 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPlug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) combine electric and conventional propulsion. Official fuel consumption values of PHEVs are based on standardized driving cycles, which show a growing discrepancy with real‐world fuel consumption. However, no comprehensive empirical results on PHEV fuel consumption are available, and the discrepancy between driving cycle and empirical fuel consumption has been conjectured to be large for PHEV. Here, we analyze real‐world fuel consumption data from 2,005 individual PHEVs of five PHEV models and observe large variations in individual fuel consumption with deviation from test‐cycle values in the range of 2% to 120% for PHEV model averages. Deviations are larger for short‐ranged PHEVs. Among others, range and vehicle power are influencing factors for PHEV model fuel consumption with average direct carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions decreasing by 2% to 3% per additional kilometer (km) of electric range. Additional simulations show that PHEVs recharged from renewable electricity can noteworthily reduce well‐to‐wheel CO2 emissions of passenger cars, but electric ranges should not exceed 200 to 300 km since battery production is CO2‐intense. Our findings indicate that regulations should (1) be based on real‐world fuel consumption measurements for PHEV, (2) take into account charging behavior and annual mileages, and (3) incentivize long‐ranged PHEV.
Economic and Environmental Impact Trade‐Offs Related to In‐Water Hull Cleanings of Merchant Vessels
Authors: Pagoropoulos Aris , Kjaer Louise Laumann , Dong Yan , Birkved Morten , McAloone Tim C. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryMerchant vessels are equipped with antifouling systems to prevent accumulation of marine organisms on the hull—a phenomenon known as fouling. In many cases, however, fouling accumulates and in‐water hull cleaning is required. Hull cleanings are part of a hull management scheme, and although they are an established practice, their associated environmental and economic trade‐offs and conflicts have remained largely unexplored. The purpose of this article is to quantitatively assess both economic and environmental impacts of hull management schemes on the operation of tanker vessels. After identifying induced and avoided costs and environmental impacts from the hull management system, we used both temporally and spatially distributed models to capture the degradation of the antifouling system as well as the global sailing profile of the vessels. Last, we analyzed how each of the modeled impacts varied with the frequency of hull cleanings within the hull management scheme. Our analysis revealed a convex relationship between the frequency of hull cleanings and fuel savings. The higher the frequency of hull cleanings, the less fuel savings can be achieved per cleaning. In terms of costs, from some point on the costs of the service are likely to offset the savings—especially if fuel prices are low. In regards to climate change, avoided emissions due to fuel savings are likely to outweigh the limited impacts from the service itself. Last, while ecosystem impacts from marine, terrestrial, and freshwater eco‐toxicity are likely to increase from hull cleanings, they are subject to high uncertainties.
The effect of dopaminergic medication on conflict adaptation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ruitenberg Marit F. L. , Abrahamse Elger L. , Santens Patrick , Notebaert Wim 
Published: July 2017

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder associated primarily with motor symptoms such as tremor, slowness of movement, and difficulties with gait and balance. Most patients take dopaminergic medication to improve their motor functions. Previous studies reported indications that such medication can impair higher cognitive functions (cf. dopamine overdose hypothesis). In the present study, we examined the effect of medication status on conflict adaptation. PD patients performed a Stroop task in which we manipulated the proportion of congruent and incongruent items, thereby allowing us to explore conflict adaptation. The use of mouse movements allowed us to examine the action dynamics of conflict adaptation in PD, and their sensitivity to dopaminergic medication. Each patient performed the same task twice: once without making changes to their regular medication regime, and once after overnight withdrawal from their medication. Results showed that medication improved mouse movements and alleviated motor symptoms. Moreover, patients' mouse movements were modulated as a function of the proportion congruency manipulation, revealing conflict adaptation in PD, which was unaffected by medication status. The present study extends earlier work on conflict adaptation in PD where reduced transient (trial‐by‐trial) conflict adaptation was observed ON compared to OFF medication (Duthoo et al., 2013, Neuropsychology, 27, 556). Our findings suggest that more sustained cognitive control processes may not be sensitive to dopamine overdose effects.
An Exploratory Study on Exemplary Practice of Nurse Consultants
Authors: Wong Frances Kam Yuet , Lau Ada Tak Yin , Ng Rebecca , Wong Elaine Wing Yee , Wong So Man , Kan Eva Ching Yee , Liu Eva , Bryant‐Lukosius Denise 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeTo examine the exemplary practice of nurse consultants (NCs) and derive a model to illustrate the highest level of advanced nursing practice.DesignA descriptive study was conducted to examine the practice and outcomes of seven NC roles in varied clinical specialties in Hong Kong. Exemplary practice was examined in relation to competencies for advanced practice nursing in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom.MethodsData about NC characteristics and their practices were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Health service documents and clinical notes were analyzed using the framework approach.FindingsAll NCs demonstrated the competence expected of an advanced practice nurse with impacts on patients, nursing profession, and the organization as identified in the advanced nursing practice framework in Hong Kong. NCs also performed at the highest level of practice delineated by Skills for Health in the United Kingdom. They were involved in diagnostic and therapeutic practice, and identified patient satisfaction and symptom management as key outcomes.ConclusionsThis study provides new insight into levels of advanced practice and illustrates the exemplary work of NCs to demonstrate how they have developed and shaped services to bring about positive patient and organizational outcomes. Career laddering that places NCs at the highest level of advanced practice is important for making the best use of nursing expertise to achieve optimal patient and organizational outcomes.Clinical RelevanceThis study addresses a knowledge gap to enrich our current understanding of the impact of advanced practice nursing roles by linking NC role practices and competencies to key outcomes.
Patterns of world wheat trade, 1945–2010: The long hangover from the second food regime
Authors: González‐Esteban Ángel Luis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFood regime analysis is concerned with interpreting possibilities and conflicts inherent to the 21st‐century food system in historical terms. This paper summarizes the theoretical discussion of the food regime method, and of the identification of different “food regime periods” throughout modern history. While it is widely accepted that the so‐called “second food regime” has already ended, there is much discussion on whether or not it is possible to talk about a more recent third food regime. This paper traces the evolution of the “wheat complex” over the “second food regime” (1947–1973) and over the next 45 years, and offers an explanation for the evolution of world wheat trade distribution, based on food regime analysis. Certain authors have claimed that the collapse of the WTO Doha round of negotiations may be understood as a “hangover” from the second food regime. Similarly, this paper argues that the increasing wheat dependence of poor and insecure countries over the past 40 years may be considered as a path dependence outcome of a process initiated during the second food regime.