bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accessible quantification of multiparticle entanglement
Authors: Cianciaruso Marco , Bromley Thomas R , Adesso Gerardo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEntanglement is a key ingredient for quantum technologies and a fundamental signature of quantumness in a broad range of phenomena encompassing many-body physics, thermodynamics, cosmology and life sciences. For arbitrary multiparticle systems, entanglement quantification typically involves nontrivial optimisation problems, and it may require demanding tomographical techniques. Here, we develop an experimentally feasible approach to the evaluation of geometric measures of multiparticle entanglement. Our framework provides analytical results for particular classes of mixed states of N qubits, and computable lower bounds to global, partial, or genuine multiparticle entanglement of any general state. For global and partial entanglement, useful bounds are obtained with minimum effort, requiring local measurements in just three settings for any N. For genuine entanglement, a number of measurements scaling linearly with N are required. We demonstrate the power of our approach to estimate and quantify different types of multiparticle entanglement in a variety of N-qubit states useful for quantum information processing and recently engineered in laboratories with quantum optics and trapped ion setups.
State-conditional coherent charge qubit oscillations in a Si/SiGe quadruple quantum dot
Authors: Ward Daniel R , Kim Dohun , Savage Donald E , Lagally Max G , Foote Ryan H , Friesen Mark , Coppersmith Susan N , Eriksson Mark A 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUniversal quantum computation requires high-fidelity single-qubit rotations and controlled two-qubit gates. Along with high-fidelity single-qubit gates, strong efforts have been made in developing robust two-qubit logic gates in electrically gated quantum dot systems to realise a compact and nanofabrication-compatible architecture. Here we perform measurements of state-conditional coherent oscillations of a charge qubit. Using a quadruple quantum dot formed in a Si/SiGe heterostructure, we show the first demonstration of coherent two-axis control of a double quantum dot charge qubit in undoped Si/SiGe, performing Larmor and Ramsey oscillation measurements. We extract the strength of the capacitive coupling between a pair of double quantum dots by measuring the detuning energy shift (≈75 μeV) of one double dot depending on the excess charge configuration of the other double dot. We further demonstrate that the strong capacitive coupling allows fast, state-conditional Landau–Zener–Stückelberg oscillations with a conditional π phase flip time of about 80 ps, showing a promising pathway towards multi-qubit entanglement and control in semiconductor quantum dots.
Unsupervised data-driven stratification of mentalizing heterogeneity in autism
Authors: Lombardo Michael V. , Lai Meng-Chuan , Auyeung Bonnie , Holt Rosemary J. , Allison Carrie , Smith Paula , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Ruigrok Amber N. V. , Suckling John , Bullmore Edward T. ,   MRC AIMS Consortium, Bailey Anthony J. , Baron-Cohen Simon , Bolton Patrick F. , Bullmore Edward T. , Carrington Sarah , Catani Marco , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Craig Michael C. , Daly Eileen M. , Deoni Sean C. L. , Ecker Christine , Happé Francesca , Henty Julian , Jezzard Peter , Johnston Patrick , Jones Derek K. , Lai Meng-Chuan , Lombardo Michael V. , Madden Anya , Mullins Diane , Murphy Clodagh M. , Murphy Declan G. M. , Pasco Greg , Ruigrok Amber N. V. , Sadek Susan A. , Spain Debbie , Stewart Rose , Suckling John , Wheelwright Sally J. , Williams Steven C. , Ellie Wilson C. , Ecker Christine , Craig Michael C. , Murphy Declan G. M. , Happé Francesca , Baron-Cohen Simon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIndividuals affected by autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are considerably heterogeneous. Novel approaches are needed to parse this heterogeneity to enhance precision in clinical and translational research. Applying a clustering approach taken from genomics and systems biology on two large independent cognitive datasets of adults with and without ASC (n = 694; n = 249), we find replicable evidence for 5 discrete ASC subgroups that are highly differentiated in item-level performance on an explicit mentalizing task tapping ability to read complex emotion and mental states from the eye region of the face (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; RMET). Three subgroups comprising 45–62% of ASC adults show evidence for large impairments (Cohen’s d = −1.03 to −11.21), while other subgroups are effectively unimpaired. These findings delineate robust natural subdivisions within the ASC population that may allow for more individualized inferences and accelerate research towards precision medicine goals.
Massive release of extracellular vesicles from cancer cells after photodynamic treatment or chemotherapy
Authors: Aubertin Kelly , Silva Amanda K. A. , Luciani Nathalie , Espinosa Ana , Djemat Aurélie , Charue Dominique , Gallet François , Blanc-Brude Olivier , Wilhelm Claire 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy is an emerging cancer treatment that is particularly adapted for localized malignant tumor. The phototherapeutic agent is generally injected in the bloodstream and circulates in the whole organism as a chemotherapeutic agent, but needs light triggering to induce localized therapeutic effects. We found that one of the responses of in vitro and in vivo cancer cells to photodynamic therapy was a massive production and emission of extracellular vesicles (EVs): only 1 hour after the photo-activation, thousands of vesicles per cell were emitted in the extracellular medium. A similar effect has been found after treatment with Doxorubicin (chemotherapy), but far less EVs were produced, even 24 hours after the treatment. Furthermore, we found that the released EVs could transfer extracellular membrane components, drugs and even large intracellular objects to naive target cells. In vivo, photodynamic treatment and chemotherapy increased the levels of circulating EVs several fold, confirming the vast induction of cancer cell vesiculation triggered by anti-cancer therapies.
Influence of magnetoplasmonic γ-Fe2O3/Au core/shell nanoparticles on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Chen Kuen-Lin , Yeh Yao-Wei , Chen Jian-Ming , Hong Yu-Jie , Huang Tsung-Lin , Deng Zu-Yin , Wu Chiu-Hsien , Liao Su-Hsien , Wang Li-Min 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMagnetoplasmonic nanoparticles, composed of a plasmonic layer and a magnetic core, have been widely shown as promising contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. However, their application in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) research remains scarce. Here we synthesised γ-Fe2O3/Au core/shell (γ-Fe2O3@Au) nanoparticles and subsequently used them in a homemade, high-Tc, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) LFNMR system. Remarkably, we found that both the proton spin–lattice relaxation time (T1) and proton spin–spin relaxation time (T2) were influenced by the presence of γ-Fe2O3@Au nanoparticles. Unlike the spin–spin relaxation rate (1/T2), the spin–lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) was found to be further enhanced upon exposing the γ-Fe2O3@Au nanoparticles to 532 nm light during NMR measurements. We showed that the photothermal effect of the plasmonic gold layer after absorbing light energy was responsible for the observed change in T1. This result reveals a promising method to actively control the contrast of T1 and T2 in low-field (LF) MRI applications.
Effects of five hindfoot arthrodeses on foot and ankle motion: Measurements in cadaver specimens
Authors: Zhang Kun , Chen Yanxi , Qiang Minfei , Hao Yini 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSingle, double, and triple hindfoot arthrodeses are used to correct hindfoot deformities and relieve chronic pain. However, joint fusion may lead to dysfunction in adjacent articular surfaces. We compared range of motion in adjacent joints before and after arthrodesis to determine the effects of each procedure on joint motion. The theory of moment of couple, bending moment and balanced loading was applied to each of 16 fresh cadaver feet to induce dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, internal rotation, external rotation, inversion, and eversion. Range of motion was measured with a 3-axis coordinate measuring machine in a control foot and in feet after subtalar, talonavicular, calcaneocuboid, double, or triple arthrodesis. All arthrodeses restricted mainly internal-external rotation and inversion-eversion. The restriction in a double arthrodesis was more than that in a single arthrodesis, but that in a calcaneocuboid arthrodesis was relatively low. After triple arthrodeses, the restriction on dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements was substantial, and internal-external rotation and inversion-eversion were almost lost. Considering that different arthrodesis procedures cause complex, three-dimensional hindfoot motion reductions, we recommend talonavicular or calcaneocuboid arthrodesis for patients with well-preserved functions of plantarflexion/dorsiflexion before operation, subtalar or calcaneocuboid arthrodesis for patients with well-preserved abduction/adduction, and talonavicular arthrodesis for patients with well-preserved eversion/inversion.
Atypical Time Course of Object Recognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Caplette Laurent , Wicker Bruno , Gosselin Frédéric 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn neurotypical observers, it is widely believed that the visual system samples the world in a coarse-to-fine fashion. Past studies on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have identified atypical responses to fine visual information but did not investigate the time course of the sampling of information at different levels of granularity (i.e. Spatial Frequencies, SF). Here, we examined this question during an object recognition task in ASD and neurotypical observers using a novel experimental paradigm. Our results confirm and characterize with unprecedented precision a coarse-to-fine sampling of SF information in neurotypical observers. In ASD observers, we discovered a different pattern of SF sampling across time: in the first 80 ms, high SFs lead ASD observers to a higher accuracy than neurotypical observers, and these SFs are sampled differently across time in the two subject groups. Our results might be related to the absence of a mandatory precedence of global information, and to top-down processing abnormalities in ASD.
Layered double hydroxide-oxidized carbon nanotube hybrids as highly efficient flame retardant nanofillers for polypropylene
Authors: Gao Yanshan , Zhang Yu , Williams Gareth R. , O’Hare Dermot , Wang Qiang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAqueous miscible organic layered double hydroxides (AMO-LDHs) can act as organophilic inorganic flame retardant nanofillers for unmodified non-polar polymers. In this contribution, AMO [Mg3Al(OH)8](CO3)0.5·yH2O LDH–oxidized carbon nanotube (AMO-LDH–OCNT) hybrids are shown to perform better than the equivalent pure AMO-LDH. A synergistic effect between the AMO-LDH and OCNT was observed; this endows the hybrid material with enhanced flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. The thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) was significantly enhanced by adding AMO-LDH–OCNT hybrids. For PP mixed with AMO-LDH–OCNT hybrids to produce a composite with 10 wt% LDH and 2 wt% OCNT, the 50% weight loss temperature was increased by 43 °C. Further, a system with 10 wt% of AMO-LDH and 1 wt% OCNT showed a peak heat release rate (PHRR) reduction of 40%, greater than the PHRR reduction with PP/20 wt% AMO-LDH (31%). The degree of dispersion (mixability) between AMO-LDH and OCNT has a significant effect on the flame retardant performance of the hybrids. In addition, the incorporation of AMO-LDH–OCNT hybrids led to better mechanical properties, such as higher tensile strength (27.5 MPa) and elongation at break (17.9%), than those composites containing only AMO-LDH (25.6 MPa and 7.5%, respectively).
Scanning micro-resonator direct-comb absolute spectroscopy
Authors: Gambetta Alessio , Cassinerio Marco , Gatti Davide , Laporta Paolo , Galzerano Gianluca 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDirect optical Frequency Comb Spectroscopy (DFCS) is proving to be a fundamental tool in many areas of science and technology thanks to its unique performance in terms of ultra-broadband, high-speed detection and frequency accuracy, allowing for high-fidelity mapping of atomic and molecular energy structure. Here we present a novel DFCS approach based on a scanning Fabry-Pérot micro-cavity resonator (SMART) providing a simple, compact and accurate method to resolve the mode structure of an optical frequency comb. The SMART approach, while drastically reducing system complexity, allows for a straightforward absolute calibration of the optical-frequency axis with an ultimate resolution limited by the micro-resonator resonance linewidth and can be used in any spectral region from UV to THz. We present an application to high-precision spectroscopy of acetylene at 1.54 μm, demonstrating performances comparable or even better than current state-of-the-art DFCS systems in terms of sensitivity, optical bandwidth and frequency-resolution.
Paradoxical diurnal cortisol changes in neonates suggesting preservation of foetal adrenal rhythms
Authors: Kinoshita Masahiro , Iwata Sachiko , Okamura Hisayoshi , Saikusa Mamoru , Hara Naoko , Urata Chihoko , Araki Yuko , Iwata Osuke 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStudies suggested the presence of foetal adrenal rhythms of cortisol, which are entrained in antiphase to maternal rhythms. In contrast, neonates are thought to have no adrenal rhythm until 2–3 months after birth. To test the hypothesis that a foetal-type adrenal rhythm is preserved after birth, saliva samples were collected from 65 preterm/term infants during hospital stay (30–40 weeks corrected age) at 10:00 and 19:00 h. Cortisol levels were assessed for their diurnal difference and dependence on antenatal/postnatal clinical variables. Cortisol levels were lower during periods 15–28 days and >28 days than ≤5 days of life. Lower cortisol was associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), gestational age <28 weeks, and mechanical ventilation after birth. Higher cortisol was associated with vaginal delivery and non-invasive ventilation support at saliva collection. PIH and non-invasive mechanical ventilation at saliva collection were associated with cortisol levels even after adjustment for postnatal age. Cortisol levels were higher in the evening than in the morning, which was unassociated with gestational and postnatal age. Higher cortisol levels in the evening suggest the preservation of a foetal-type diurnal rhythm. Cortisol levels are associated with intrinsic and extrinsic variables, such as PIH, delivery mode, gestational age, and respiratory conditions.
Abnormal behavior of silica doped with small amounts of aluminum
Authors: Liu Jinling , Wang Yiguang , An Linan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSilica is the most abundant mineral in the crust of the Earth. It has been demonstrated that the aluminum concentration in silica plays a key role in determining many properties of silica-based components. Although the alumina-silica system has been intensely studied, the effect of very small amounts of aluminum on the structure and properties of silica remains unclear. We report results of first principles calculations showing that small amounts of aluminum could be metastable when located in the center of Si-O rings without breaking the silica network. In contrast, higher aluminum contents will result in the destruction of the Si-O bonds, leading to the formation of triclusters and a 4-, 5-, and 6-fold Al-O coordination, as observed in previous studies. Based on the silica structure obtained through geometric optimization, the properties of silica doped with small amounts of aluminum were calculated. The results can account for many ‘abnormal’ phenomena experimentally observed. The results benefit most areas such as geosciences, microelectronics, glass industry, and ceramic materials.
Dynamics of an optomechanical system with quadratic coupling: Effect of first order correction to adiabatic elimination
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Cui Yuanshun , Chen Guibin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe explore theoretically the dynamics of an optomechanical system in which a resonantly driven cavity mode is quadratically coupled to the displacement of a mechanical resonator. Considering the first order correction to adiabatic elimination, we obtain the analytical expression of optomechanical damping rate which is negative and depends on the position of the mechanical resonator. After comparing the numerical results between the full simulation of Langevin equations, adiabatic elimination, and first order correction to adiabatic elimination, we explain the dynamics of the system in terms of overall mechanical potential and optomechanical damping rate. The antidamping induced by radiation pressure can result in self-sustained oscillation of the mechanical resonator. Finally, we discuss the time evolution of the intracavity photon number, which also shows that the effect of first order correction cannot be neglected when the ratio of the cavity decay rate to the mechanical resonance frequency becomes smaller than a critical value.
A rapid co-culture stamping device for studying intercellular communication
Authors: Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi Amin , Shemesh Jonathan , Farbehi Nona , Asadnia Mohsen , Yeoh Guan Heng , Harvey Richard P. , Nordon Robert E. , Warkiani Majid Ebrahimi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRegulation of tissue development and repair depends on communication between neighbouring cells. Recent advances in cell micro-contact printing and microfluidics have facilitated the in-vitro study of homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell interaction. Nonetheless, these techniques are still complicated to perform and as a result, are seldom used by biologists. We report here development of a temporarily sealed microfluidic stamping device which utilizes a novel valve design for patterning two adherent cell lines with well-defined interlacing configurations to study cell-cell interactions. We demonstrate post-stamping cell viability of >95%, the stamping of multiple adherent cell types, and the ability to control the seeded cell density. We also show viability, proliferation and migration of cultured cells, enabling analysis of co-culture boundary conditions on cell fate. We also developed an in-vitro model of endothelial and cardiac stem cell interactions, which are thought to regulate coronary repair after myocardial injury. The stamp is fabricated using microfabrication techniques, is operated with a lab pipettor and uses very low reagent volumes of 20 μl with cell injection efficiency of >70%. This easy-to-use device provides a general strategy for micro-patterning of multiple cell types and will be important for studying cell-cell interactions in a multitude of applications.
Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs
Authors: Tovar Ana M. F. , Santos Gustavo R. C. , Capillé Nina V. , Piquet Adriana A. , Glauser Bianca F. , Pereira Mariana S. , Vilanova Eduardo , Mourão Paulo A. S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHeparins extracted from different animal sources have been conventionally considered effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents despite of their pharmacological dissimilarities. We performed herein a systematic analysis on the physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition,in vitroanticoagulant potency andin vivoantithrombotic and bleeding effects of several batches of pharmaceutical grade heparins obtained from porcine intestine, bovine intestine and bovine lung. Each of these three heparin types unambiguously presented differences in their chemical structures, physicochemical properties and/or haemostatic effects. We also prepared derivatives of these heparins with similar molecular weight differing exclusively in their disaccharide composition. The derivatives from porcine intestinal and bovine lung heparins were structurally more similar with each other and hence presented close anticoagulant activities whereas the derivative from bovine intestinal heparin had a higher proportion of 6-desulfated α-glucosamine units and about half anticoagulant activity. Our findings reasonably indicate that pharmaceutical preparations of heparin from different animal sources constitute distinct drugs, thus requiring specific regulatory rules and therapeutic evaluations.
Training to improve contrast sensitivity in amblyopia: correction of high-order aberrations
Authors: Liao Meng , Zhao Haoxing , Liu Longqian , Li Qian , Dai Yun , Zhang Yudong , Zhou Yifeng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPerceptual learning is considered a potential treatment for amblyopia even in adult patients who have progressed beyond the critical period of visual development because adult amblyopes retain sufficient visual plasticity. When perceptual learning is performed with the correction of high-order aberrations (HOAs), a greater degree of neural plasticity is present in normal adults and those with highly aberrated keratoconic eyes. Because amblyopic eyes show more severe HOAs than normal eyes, it is interesting to study the effects of HOA-corrected visual perceptual learning in amblyopia. In the present study, we trained twenty-six older child and adult anisometropic amblyopes while their HOAs were corrected using a real-time closed-loop adaptive optics perceptual learning system (AOPL). We found that adaptive optics (AO) correction improved the modulation transfer functions (MTFs) and contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) of older children and adults with anisometropic amblyopia. When perceptual learning was performed with AO correction of the ocular HOAs, the improvements in visual function were not only demonstrated in the condition with AO correction but were also maintained in the condition without AO correction. Additionally, the learning effect with AO correction was transferred to the untrained visual acuity and fellow eyes in the condition without AO correction.