bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic motivation and willingness to communicate as predictors of L2 pragmatic knowledge
Authors: Tajeddin Zia , Malmir Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough language learners' knowledge of second language (L2) speech acts is postulated to be substantially influenced by learner variables, there is little empirical evidence of the influence of pragmatic motivation (PM) and willingness to communicate (WTC). To address this gap, this study sought to investigate the impact of PM and WTC as two important multifaceted learner variables on L2 speech‐act knowledge. The participants included 500 Persian‐speaking learners of English as a foreign language. The researchers developed and validated three instruments for data collection: a multiple‐choice discourse completion task (MDCT) including five common English speech acts, a PM questionnaire, and a WTC questionnaire. Data were collected in two subsequent phases. First, the MDCT was administered, and then the participants filled out the two questionnaires. Data analysis using multiple regression revealed that both PM and WTC significantly predicted L2 speech‐act knowledge. However, PM turned out to be a stronger predictor of this knowledge than WTC. The findings imply that PM and WTC are implicated in L2 pragmatic knowledge and hence language teachers should consider these two variables to help learners enhance their pragmatic acquisition.
Evaluation of a practical approach for field scale moisture flow modeling in heterogeneous media at a semiarid site
Authors: Khaleel Raziuddin , Mehta Sunil , McMahon William J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA practical approach for modeling field‐scale moisture flow in a highly heterogeneous unsaturated medium is described in this study. The validity of this approach is demonstrated through comparison of the numerical simulations with field observations at a semiarid site located in southcentral Washington State. The methodology is based on upscaling the core scale hydraulic properties and combining power‐law and tensorial connectivity‐tortuosity (PA‐TCT) approaches to derive macroscopic anisotropy parameters for each hydrostratigraphic unit (HSU) identified in the field. Each heterogeneous HSU is approximated by an equivalent homogeneous medium (EHM) model for which PA‐TCT parameters are used in the flow simulations. The available field data on moisture content and matric potential are compared with steady‐state flow simulations based on the mean form of Richards' equation. While the homogenization or averaging of heterogeneities, embedded in the EHM modeling approximation, cannot capture all of the field‐scale variability, the simulated steady‐state moisture and matric potential profiles capture well the central tendency of the field data. This approach is deemed practical for assessing the fate and transport of contaminants in highly heterogeneous unsaturated media at the transport scale of hundreds of meters.
The origins of Storm Ciarán: From diabatic Rossby wave to warm‐seclusion cyclone with a sting jet
Authors: Volonté Ambrogio , Riboldi Jacopo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe evolution of Storm Ciarán was different from what is commonly attributed to windstorms affecting northwest Europe. Ciarán initially developed as a diabatic Rossby wave, driven by low‐level latent heat release and with negligible upper tropospheric forcing. It then crossed the jet stream, intensifying explosively while developing a low‐level warm seclusion and producing extreme near‐surface winds, including sting jets. Ciarán is an example of an extreme windstorm following this pathway and highlights the need of a systematic assessment of its relevance in our warming climate.
The Travels and Transformations of ‘Vulnerability’: From an Ethical and Analytical Concept to a Legal and Bureaucratic Label
Authors: Leboeuf Luc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter unpacks the implied meanings of the concept of ‘vulnerability’, and how they evolve depending on the conceptual frameworks in which ‘vulnerability’ is used and mobilised. It tracks down and confronts the various functions that ‘vulnerability’ has received in the academic literature and in EU asylum law, in view of identifying its conceptual transformations as it travels across the ethical, heuristic, and legal and bureaucratic frameworks. Based on that analysis, the chapter warns against the ‘humanitarianism trap’, that is, developing ‘vulnerability’ as a tool for asylum and migration governance while adopting an excessively emotional and moralised outlook on migration movements, which essentialises migrants seeking protection as passive victims, fails to build on their coping and resistance strategies, and ultimately loses track of their rights.
Negotiating Multiple Meanings of Vulnerabilities in Lebanon’s Compounded Crises: Refugees’ Encounters with Frameworks and Institutions
Authors: Brun Cathrine , Maalouf Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLebanon brands itself a transit state for refugees. Yet for most of the ca 1.7 million refugees residing in the country, transit has become a permanent condition and neither resettlement nor return are realistic solutions. In the meantime, Syrian and Palestinian refugees struggle to survive in a country ravaged by multiple and overlapping crises. In law, the bureaucracy and the humanitarian system, there are multiple meanings of vulnerability in use to assist and protect refugees and other ‘vulnerable’ groups. This chapter analyses refugees’ encounters with different institutions and frameworks established to assist and protect refugees. The chapter introduces a conceptual framework for analysing encounters, agency and vulnerability in crisis settings and a short description of our methodology, we then discuss the situation for refugees in Lebanon in the context of compounded crises. From here, the chapter describes the different meanings of vulnerability in legal and bureaucratic frameworks, including in humanitarian assistance, before analysing the various ways in which Palestinian and Syrian refugees negotiate meanings of vulnerabilities in their encounters with those institutions and frameworks. In conclusion, we reflect on the impact that these multiple meanings of vulnerabilities have on refugees residing in Lebanon.
Selecting Refugees for Resettlement to Norway and Canada: Vulnerability, Integration and Discretion
Authors: Paasche Erlend , Soennecken Dagmar , Tanotra Ritika 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines how the concept of vulnerability is “translated” from legal bureaucratic discourses into actual policy and practice in the refugee resettlement context. In particular, we trace how the integration potential of refugees continues to be weighed against their vulnerabilities in the process. While resettlement is a voluntary commitment and not legally binding, states that have signed the 1951 Geneva Convention have agreed to share the responsibility of providing protection and solutions for refugees who cannot return to their country of origin. Through a comparative discussion of refugee resettlement in Canada and Norway, we shed light on some mechanisms through which the humanitarian focus on prioritizing the most vulnerable comes under pressure from competing political considerations and rationales. By examining instances of what we call the political or ‘tactical’ uses of resettlement, we aim not only to highlight its partisan and domestic political dynamics but also to open up questions of who is ultimately left behind and considered ‘too vulnerable’ for resettlement.
Amplitudes, supersymmetric black hole scattering at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({G}^5\right) $$, and loop integration
Authors: Bern Zvi , Herrmann Enrico , Roiban Radu , Ruf Michael S. , Smirnov Alexander V. , Smirnov Vladimir A. , Zeng Mao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We compute the potential-graviton contribution to the scattering amplitude, the radial action, and the scattering angle of two extremal black holes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity at the fifth post-Minkowskian order and to next-to-leading order in a large mass expansion (first self-force order). Properties of classical unitarity cuts allow us to focus on the integration-by-parts reduction of planar integrals, while nonplanar integrals at this order are obtained from the planar ones by straightforward manipulations. We present the solution to the differential equations for all master integrals necessary to evaluate the classical scattering amplitudes of massive scalar particles at this order in all gravitational theories, in particular in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity, and in general relativity. Despite the appearance of higher-weight generalized polylogarithms and elliptic functions in the solution to the differential equation for master integrals, the final supergravity answer is remarkably simple and contains only (harmonic) polylogarithmic functions up to weight 2. The systematic analysis of elliptic integrals discussed here, as well as the particular organization of boundary integrals in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 observables are independent of supersymmetry and may have wider applications, including to aspects of collider physics.
Komplementärmedizinische Therapieansätze bei krebsbedingter Fatigue
Authors: Busch Alina , Krause Alena , Rostock Matthias 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungEin Großteil der Krebspatient:innen erlebt im Verlauf ihrer Erkrankung inadäquate Erschöpfungszustände (Fatigue). Krebsbedingte Fatigue (Cancer-related Fatigue – CRF) ist ein multidimensionaler Symptomkomplex, der durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst wird. Komplementärmedizinische Ansätze bieten potenziell vielversprechende Strategien, um die Erschöpfung zu adressieren und können daher eine wertvolle Ergänzung zu den konventionellen Therapieverfahren darstellen.In dieser narrativen Übersichtsarbeit werden komplementärmedizinische Therapieansätze bei krebsbedingter Fatigue entsprechend der historischen Entwicklung und der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Evidenz dargestellt. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf den Methoden mit der aktuell höchsten Evidenz, in Orientierung an den Empfehlungen nationaler und internationaler Leitlinien. Therapieverfahren der Mind-Body-Medizin wie achtsamkeitsbasierte Stressreduktion (MBSR) und achtsamkeitsbasierte kognitive Therapie (MBCT), Yoga, Tai-Chi und Qigong sowie Akupunktur, Akupressur, Moxibustion und phytotherapeutische Behandlungsansätze werden vorgestellt.In Deutschland gilt für die hier aufgeführten komplementärmedizinischen Therapieverfahren in der Regel keine Leistungsgewährung durch die Krankenkassen, wenn auch einige wenige Kliniken komplexe Programme aus der Mind-Body-Medizin entwickelt haben, für die bereits eine Kostenübernahme erreicht werden konnte. Eine komplementärmedizinische Behandlung der krebsbedingten Fatigue, die den Empfehlungen nationaler und internationaler Leitlinien entspricht, kann daher in Deutschland in der Regel nur als Privatleistung oder im Rahmen von Studien durchgeführt werden.
Umgang mit assistiertem Suizid – Kenntnisse, Einstellungen und Erfahrungen von Mitgliedern der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin
Authors: Schwartz Jacqueline , Batzler Yann-Nicolas , Schallenburger Manuela , Scherg Alexandra , Jansen Jonas , Meier Stefan , Küppers Remo , Melching Heiner , Grabenhorst Ulrich , Nehls Wiebke , Bausewein Claudia , Neukirchen Martin 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Im Februar 2020 erklärte das Bundesverfassungsgericht § 217 StGB für nichtig. Seitdem ist die geschäftsmäßige Förderung der Selbsttötung straffrei. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Beschreibung von Kenntnissen, Einstellungen und Erfahrungen von Mitgliedern der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin (DGP) im Umgang mit Todes- und Suizidwünschen.

Methoden
Online-Befragung aller DGP-Mitglieder von 07–09/2023 mittels Qualtrics®. Der Fragebogen wurde anhand aktueller Literatur entwickelt und nach einer ersten Anwendung unter jungen Mediziner*innen und einer interprofessionellen Expertenrunde mit Konsensabstimmung angepasst. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv und explorativ.

Ergebnisse
991 DGP-Mitglieder (18 %) nahmen teil, davon 57,0 % Ärzt*innen (n = 545/957) und 23,4 % Pflegende (n = 224/957). 197/851 (23,1 %) gaben falsch an, der assistierte Suizid sei in Deutschland standesrechtlich verboten. 430/914 (47,1 %) gaben an, dass sich Palliativteams nicht nur auf Maßnahmen zur Suizidprävention beschränken sollen. In palliativen Behandlungssituationen konnten sich 473/926 (51,5 %) die Mitwirkung an Suizidassistenz vorstellen. Für Situationen, in denen der Gesundheitszustand nicht ausschlaggebend ist, lehnten 766/930 (82,4 %) eine Mitwirkung ab. 71 % wünschten sich eine gesetzliche Regelung der Suizidassistenz.

Diskussion
Bei den Teilnehmenden bestehen Wissenslücken bzgl. straf- und standesrechtlicher Einordnung des assistierten Suizids. Weitere Aufklärungsarbeit ist notwendig. Die Teilnehmenden können sich eine Suizidassistenz eher bei palliativ Erkrankten vorstellen. Wie in Befragungen unter Mitgliedern anderer Fachgesellschaften bilden sich Einstellungen erfahrener Mitarbeiter*innen ab. Sie haben im Vergleich zu jüngeren Ärzt*innen eine eher restriktive Haltung im Hinblick auf die Suizidassistenz.
Fugazi regulation for AI: strategic tolerance for ethics washing
Authors: Papyshev Gleb , Chan Keith Jin Deng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRegulation theory offers a unique perspective on the institutional aspects of digital capitalism’s accumulation regime. However, a gap exists in examining the associated mode of regulation. Based on the analysis of AI ethics washing phenomenon, we suggest the state is delicately balancing between fueling innovation and reducing uncertainty in emerging technologies. This balance leads to a unique mode of regulation, "Fugazi regulation," characterized by vaguely defined, non-enforceable moral principles with no specific implementation mechanisms. We propose a microeconomic model that rationalizes this approach and shows that it is justifiable when the government struggles to differentiate between benign and harmful technology use due to capacity constraints. The potential for private companies to adopt ethical practices under Fugazi regulation supports the government’s preference for this method. This regulation mode is particularly attractive to the government during technology’s early development stages, marked by governmental optimism and uncertainty about the technology. Implications for greenwashing are also derived from the analysis.
Effect of tool orientation on surface roughness and dimensional accuracy in ball end milling of thin-walled blades
Authors: Villarrazo Nagore , Sáinz de la Maza Álvaro , Caneda Soraya , Bai Lele , Pereira Octavio , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the aerospace industry, high-precision components like impellers and blisks present considerable challenges in machining due to their intricate geometries and the need for reliable performance. Blades, often classified as thin-walled parts with complex, free-form surfaces, are crucial in ensuring the efficiency and safety of aircraft engines. Their geometries and materials require strict control over cutting parameters, such as tool path and orientation, to avoid deformation and maintain surface integrity. This study investigates the impact of tilt angle variation during ball end milling of Ti6Al4V thin-walled parts. Four different tilt angles (15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) were analysed to evaluate their effect on dimensional accuracy and surface roughness. The results show that tilt angle significantly influences surface quality and dimensional precision. A tilt angle of 30° achieved the best balance between surface finish and dimensional tolerances, with flatness values ranging from 0.038 mm at 30° to 0.101 mm at 60°, representing a 152.5% increase in flatness. The findings provide practical guidelines for optimizing ball end milling of thin-walled components, emphasizing the importance of tool orientation in reducing deformation and enhancing surface quality.
Braided Zestings of Verlinde Modular Categories and Their Modular Data
Authors: Galindo César , Mora Giovanny , Rowell Eric C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZesting of braided fusion categories is a procedure that can be used to obtain new modular categories from a modular category with non-trivial invertible objects. In this paper, we classify and construct all possible braided zesting data for modular categories associated with quantum groups at roots of unity. We produce closed formulas, based on the root system of the associated Lie algebra, for the modular data of these new modular categories.
Hunter Self-Similar Implosion Profiles for the Gravitational Euler–Poisson System
Authors: Sandine Ely 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOur result is a construction of infinitely many radial self-similar implosion profiles for the gravitational Euler–Poisson system. The problem can be expressed as solving a system of non-autonomous non-linear ODEs. The first rigorous existence result for a non-trivial solution to these ODEs is due to Guo et al. (Commun Math Phys 386(3):1551–1601, 2021), in which they construct a solution found numerically by Larson (Mon Not R Astron Soc 145(3):271–295, 1969) and Penston (Mon Not R Astron Soc 144(4):425–448, 1969) independently. The solutions we construct belong to a different regime and correspond to a strict subset of the family of profiles discovered numerically by Hunter (Astrophys J 218:834, 1977). Our proof adapts a technique developed by Collot et al. (Mem Am Math Soc 260(1255):v+97, 2019), in which they study blowup for a family of energy-supercritical focusing semilinear heat equations. In our case, the quasilinearity presents complications, most severely near the sonic point where the system degenerates.
Ecophysiological responses of Fucus virsoides (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) to past and present nutrient conditions in the northern Adriatic
Authors: Descourvières Emmanuelle , Mulas Martina , Natale Sara , de Pedro Raquel Sánchez , Alboresi Alessandro , Solidoro Cosimo , Bandelj Vinko , Falace Annalisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFucus virsoides is a brown seaweed endemic to the Adriatic and the only species of its genus found in the Mediterranean. Historically widespread from the Venice lagoon (Italy) to Albania, this species has suffered a sharp decline and is currently threatened with extinction.Over the past three decades, the northern Adriatic has seen a shift towards oligotrophy conditions, yet the ecophysiology of F. virsoides in response to nutrients changes has been poorly studied. Addressing this gap is crucial for understanding the extent to which these environmental changes may have contributed to the species’ decline.To test our hypothesis that nutrient changes might be the primary driver of F. virsoides decline, we conducted a two-week experiment exposing germlings and adults to six different nutrient conditions. These included three Redfield ratios recorded in the Gulf of Trieste in 1996, 2007 and 2017, reflecting the shift from eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions experienced by F. virsoides in the wild. Additionally, the adults were exposed to three supplementary eutrophic conditions (naturally and artificially fertilized).Growth and physiological responses (measured via O2 evolution and PAM fluorimetry) of F. virsoides to varying nutrient conditions were largely consistent, with only subtle effects observed. Our results highlight the species’ acclimatation potential, suggesting that short-term nutrient changes alone may not fully explain its decline. Understanding F. virsoides resilience to multiple environmental stressors is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies to preserve marine forests in the face of ongoing anthropogenic disturbances.
The diet and diving behaviour of the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) in Kangia (Ilulissat Icefjord), Greenland
Authors: Schiøtt Sascha , Holland David M. , Holland Denise , Rysgaard Søren , Rosing-Asvid Aqqalu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study uses telemetry and stomach content analysis to describe the ringed seals’ dive pattern and prey selection within Kangia (Ilulissat Icefjord), Greenland, where the ringed seals are known to be exceptionally large and genetically distinct. Data from twenty-four ringed seals (Pusa hispida) tagged in Kangia, with satellite relay data loggers from 2012 to 2020, were used to describe the dive patterns. The transmitters were active between 28 and 270 days and showed that subadults most frequently dove to around 150 m. Adult males frequently dove to this depth, but they also had a second frequently visited depth at around 400 m, some adults significantly deeper. Adult males generally dove deeper than females and adult seals showed deeper dives during the winter, a feature that was less prominent in subadults. The stomach content from ringed seals (n = 108) harvested in Kangia by subsistence hunters revealed that polar cod (Boreogadus saida), capelin (Mallotus villosus), mysids (Mysis oculata, M. littoralis, M. Polaris) and shrimps (mainly Pandalus borealis) were the dominant prey. Shrimps were observed more often in adults, likely due to the frequently visited dive depth of around 400 m, whereas mysids were more observed in small subadult seals. The stomach content from harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) caught in Kangia also showed a strong niche overlap with the ringed seals. These findings outline the unique ecological adaptations and the importance of Kangia as a critical habitat of ringed seals.