bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural school safety measures, SROs, and school-related delinquent behavior and perceptions of safety
Authors: Reingle Gonzalez Jennifer M. , Jetelina Katelyn K. , Jennings Wesley G. 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of school safety measures, including SROs and safety personnel, on school-related delinquency and perceived safety.Design/methodology/approachSpecifically, a comprehensive search of the literature was performed to identify studies published between January 1, 1998 and July 1, 2016 that focussed on structural school safety measures such as metal detectors, cameras, closed circuit television systems, and access control measures and/or school resource officers in primary and secondary schools. Only studies that relied on randomized controlled trials and pre-test/post-test designs evaluating the impact of at least one school safety measure in reference to a control condition were eligible for inclusion.FindingsThe results of this exhaustive search revealed 32 unique study samples that met the inclusion criteria. Results from the studies suggest that implementation of more security measures may not be an effective policy. More safety measures often result in a decline of student-perceived safety. Study limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.Originality/valueResults from this meta-review can provide educational administrators, superintendents, and school safety policymakers with a synthesis of only the most rigorous and valid studies that evaluate the impact of school safety measures on both actual and perceived school-related delinquency and safety. This information will provide school safety decision makers with a state-of-the-art synthesis of how school safety measures impact school-related delinquency problems and safety, and which measures appear to be most effective for informing the allocation of scarce resources.
Revenue management: the ever changing landscape and the need to innovate
Authors: Guha Thakurta Prasenjit 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the real time requirements of guests and efforts made by hoteliers to optimize revenue and guest service excellence.

Design/methodology/approach
Prior studies have demonstrated the impact of room rates on profitability. The majority of these studies assumed an algebraic relationship between room rates and room demand to obtain the optimal solution by applying calculus to the revenue or profit function. This study adopts an alternative approach by seeking to better understanding the ever changing needs of hotel guests and how their behavior patterns have evolved over time together with innovative approaches that revenue managers need to adopt to optimize revenue. In today’s environment, revenue management has evolved into a more holistic approach and the study assimilates information from senior professionals from a range of hotels in India based on semi-structured interviews.

Findings
Revenue management is no longer about forecasting supply and demand based on historical data. This paper yields insights on emerging areas of importance for revenue management and advocates a systematic approach that hoteliers can adopt and apply to every department to secure a bigger impact on revenue management.

Practical implications
The findings can be used by hoteliers to fine-tune the room rates determined by conventional methods to arrive at a realistic and definitive value for optimal room rates.

Originality/value
This study highlights the issues that arise from viewing revenue management in isolation and it also considers innovative, customer-focused ways to optimize revenues.
Innovations mount up in the Indian Hospitality Industry: summing up
Authors: Sanjeev Gunjan M. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to summarize and review the key innovations that have taken place in the Indian Hospitality Industry in recent times.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on the findings and managerial implications as outlined by the contributors to this theme issue: “How is the need for innovation being addressed by the Indian Hospitality Industry?”

Findings
The paper highlights some of the recent innovations that have taken place in the Indian Hospitality Industry, especially in the areas of customer service, cost competitiveness, culinary management, revenue management and technology. It also highlights some of the key challenges faced by senior management of selected hotels in implementing innovative ideas and related processes.

Practical implications
With domestic hoteliers continuously expanding and foreign players’ intent on investing in India, it will be of interest to hoteliers and policymakers to know about the recent innovative measures adopted by the Indian Hospitality Industry. The innovations will aid hoteliers as they seek to create differentiation for their products and services.

Originality/value
There is limited literature on innovation in the Indian Hospitality Industry, especially with a focus on practitioner perspectives. This issue offers a significant contribution in the field of research in the Indian Hospitality Industry.
Reflections on the theme issue outcomes
Authors: Sanjeev Gunjan M. , Teare Richard 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The paper aims to profile the theme issue of Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes titled “How is the need for innovation being addressed by the Indian hospitality industry?” with reference to the experiences of the theme editor, contributors from the industry and academia and the theme issue outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses structured questions to enable the theme editor to reflect on the rationale for their theme issue question, the starting-point, the selection of the writing team and material and the editorial process.

Findings
It highlights recent innovations that have taken place in the Indian hospitality industry especially in the areas of customer service, cost competitiveness, culinary management, revenue management and technology.

Practical implications
As hotel sector investment in India intensifies, this theme issue will be of interest to hoteliers, policy makers, analysts and others interested in the role that innovation can play in helping to facilitate differentiation between competing hotel products and services.

Originality/value
There is limited literature available on industry innovations in the Indian context. All the papers in this theme issue were written after several cycles of interaction between academics and practitioners and so they incorporate real–time, relevant and contemporary data.
Feasibility of utilizing wavelet phase to map the CO2 plume at the Ketzin pilot site, Germany
Authors: Huang Fei , Juhlin Christopher , Han Li , Sopher Daniel , Ivandic Monika , Norden Ben , Deng Wubing , Zhang Fengjiao , Kempka Thomas , Lüth Stefan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSpectral decomposition is a powerful tool that can provide geological details dependent upon discrete frequencies. Complex spectral decomposition using inversion strategies differs from conventional spectral decomposition methods in that it produces not only frequency information but also wavelet phase information. This method was applied to a time‐lapse three‐dimensional seismic dataset in order to test the feasibility of using wavelet phase changes to detect and map injected carbon dioxide within the reservoir at the Ketzin carbon dioxide storage site, Germany. Simplified zero‐offset forward modelling was used to help verify the effectiveness of this technique and to better understand the wavelet phase response from the highly heterogeneous storage reservoir and carbon dioxide plume. Ambient noise and signal‐to‐noise ratios were calculated from the raw data to determine the extracted wavelet phase. Strong noise caused by rainfall and the assumed spatial distribution of sandstone channels in the reservoir could be correlated with phase anomalies. Qualitative and quantitative results indicate that the wavelet phase extracted by the complex spectral decomposition technique has great potential as a practical and feasible tool for carbon dioxide detection at the Ketzin pilot site.
Robustf‐xprojection filtering for simultaneous random and erratic seismic noise attenuation
Authors: Chen Ke , Sacchi Mauricio D. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTLinear prediction filters are an effective tool for reducing random noise from seismic records. Unfortunately, the ability of prediction filters to enhance seismic records deteriorates when the data are contaminated by erratic noise. Erratic noise in this article designates non‐Gaussian noise that consists of large isolated events with known or unknown distribution. We propose a robustf‐xprojection filtering scheme for simultaneous erratic noise and Gaussian random noise attenuation. Instead of adopting the ℓ2‐norm, as commonly used in the conventional design off‐xfilters, we utilize the hybrid‐norm to penalize the energy of the additive noise. The estimation of the prediction error filter and the additive noise sequence are performed in an alternating fashion. First, the additive noise sequence is fixed, and the prediction error filter is estimated via the least‐squares solution of a system of linear equations. Then, the prediction error filter is fixed, and the additive noise sequence is estimated through a cost function containing a hybrid‐norm that prevents erratic noise to influence the final solution. In other words, we proposed and designed a robust M‐estimate of a special autoregressive moving‐average model in thef‐xdomain. Synthetic and field data examples are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Migration velocity analysis using pre‐stack wave fields
Authors: Alkhalifah Tariq , Wu Zedong 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTUsing both image and data domains to perform velocity inversion can help us resolve the long and short wavelength components of the velocity model, usually in that order. This translates to integrating migration velocity analysis into full waveform inversion. The migration velocity analysis part of the inversion often requires computing extended images, which is expensive when using conventional methods. As a result, we use pre‐stack wavefield (the double‐square‐root formulation) extrapolation, which includes the extended information (subsurface offsets) naturally, to make the process far more efficient and stable. The combination of the forward and adjoint pre‐stack wavefields provides us with update options that can be easily conditioned to improve convergence. We specifically use a modified differential semblance operator to split the extended image into a residual part for classic differential semblance operator updates and the image (Born) modelling part, which provides reflections for higher resolution information. In our implementation, we invert for the velocity and the image simultaneously through a dual objective function. Applications to synthetic examples demonstrate the features of the approach.
Increased serum GDF11 concentration is associated with a high prevalence of osteoporosis in elderly native Chinese women
Authors: Jin Miaomiao , Song Shumin , Guo Lijuan , Jiang Tiejian , Lin Zhang‐Yuan 
Published: August 2016

SummaryOsteoporosis is an age‐related disease. Many studies have confirmed the anti‐aging effect of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), but the action of GDF11 on bone metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum GDF11 levels and the prevalence of osteoporosis. Our data indicate negative correlations between serum GDF11 levels and BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The serum GDF11 levels were grouped into quartile intervals, and the prevalence and risk of osteoporosis were found be markedly greater with increased GDF11 levels. This study demonstrated that GDF11 was negatively correlated with BMD in elderly Chinese women. Furthermore, osteoporotic risk was significantly increased with increases in GDF11 levels.
Influence of low and normal appendicular lean mass on central blood pressure and wave reflection responses to muscle metaboreflex activation in postmenopausal women
Authors: Figueroa Arturo , Alvarez‐Alvarado Stacey , Jaime Salvador J , Johnson Sarah A , Campbell Jeremiah C , Feresin Rafaela G , Elam Marcus L , Navaei Negin , Pourafshar Shirin , Arjmandi Bahram H 
Published: August 2016

SummarySarcopenia, defined by reduced appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/height2 (ASMI), is associated with increased arterial stiffness (brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity, baPWV) and wave reflection (augmentation index, AIx). Blood pressure (BP) responses to metaboreflex activation (post‐exercise muscle ischemia, PEMI) are exaggerated in older prehypertensives and hypertensives. We examined peripheral and aortic haemodynamics at rest and during PEMI in postmenopausal women with low‐ASMI and normal‐ASMI. Resting radial AIx and baPWV as well as brachial and aortic systolic BP, pulse pressure, systolic time index, and subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) responses to PEMI were greater in women with low‐ASMI than normal‐ASMI. Increased baPWV associated with low‐ASMI may play a major role in the exaggerated pulse pressure and SEVR responses to PEMI in postmenopausal women.
Unfolded protein response is activated in the ipsilateral thalamus following focal cerebral infarction in hypertensive rats
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chen Hongbing , Huang Weixian , Zhou Chunyan , Li Jingjing , Xing Shihui , Chen Li , Li Chuo , Dang Chao , Liu Gang , Pei Zhong , Zeng Jinsheng 
Published: August 2016

SummaryFocal cerebral cortical infarction causes secondary neurodegeneration in the remote regions, such as the ventroposterior nucleus of the thalamus. Retrograde degeneration of thalamocortical fibers is considered as the principle mechanism, but the exact molecular events remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in thalamic neurons following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in stroke‐prone renovascular hypertensive rats. Immunostaining and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate the expression of Grp78 and its downstream effectors in the thalamus at 3, 7 and 14 days after MCAO. Secondary thalamic degeneration was assessed with Nissl staining and NeuN immunostaining. Neuronal death was not apparent at 3 days post‐ischaemia but was evident in the thalamus at 7 and 14 days after MCAO. Grp78 level was reduced in the ipsilateral thalamus at 3 and 7 days after MCAO. In parallel, phosphorylated eIF2α and ATF4 levels were elevated, indicating the activation of UPR. In contrast, ATF6α and CHOP levels were not changed. These results suggest that UPR is activated before neuronal death in the ipsilateral thalamus after MCAO and may represent a key early event in the secondary thalamic degeneration.
Beneficial effect of aspirin against interferon‐α‐2b—induced depressive behavior in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Bhatt Shailendra , Pundarikakshudu Kilambi , Patel Paresh , Patel Nirav , Panchal Ashish , Shah Gaurang , Goswami Sunita 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAccumulating data advocates that inflammatory mediators may contribute to depression in experimental models as well as in humans. Nonetheless, whether anti‐inflammatory treatments can prevent depression still remains controversial. To substantiate our hypothesis, we used an interferon‐α‐2b model of depression using Sprague Dawley rats. Interferon‐α‐2b is a cytokine which activates immune response and also produces depression. The animals were treated for 21 days with aspirin (10 mg/kg, per oral (p.o.)) dexamethasone (1 mg/kg p.o.) and amitriptyline (10 mg/kg p.o.). Amitriptyline was used as reference standard, and given concurrently with aspirin and dexamethasone to examine any synergy. Interferon‐α‐2b (6000 IU/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) was administered in all the above groups daily, except normal control. Tests performed included sucrose preference test, behavioural tests like forced swim test, elevated plus maze, light dark box and locomotor activity along with biochemical estimations like serum cortisol and brain neurotransmitters. The rats in the group treated with Interferon‐α‐2b produced depressive behaviour in rats. We found that animals treated with aspirin decreased immobility time in forced swim test, increased sucrose preference, decreased serum cortisol and increased brain serotonin levels signifying antidepressant action. In contrast, there was no effect in groups treated with dexamethasone. Our results suggest that aspirin can serve as a potential antidepressant both individually and as adjuvant agent in the treatment of depression. Inhibition of the cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 levels and prostaglandins concentration or any other potential physiological and biochemical mechanisms may be involved in antidepressant effect.
Renal simplicity denervation reduces blood pressure and renal injuries in an obesity‐induced hypertension dog model
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Yang Kan , Zeng Lixiong , Wang Xiaoyan , Jiang Fenglin , Tu Shan , Liang Qishun , Shen Zhijie 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effects of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on blood pressure, renal function, and renal tissue pathological changes in obesity‐induced hypertensive dogs. Thirty‐two beagle dogs (10‐12 months) were randomized to the control (n=10) and model groups (n=22). High‐fat diet (HFD) was used to establish the obesity‐induced hypertensive model. After 3 months of HFD, 20 animals with successfully induced hypertension were randomized to the RDN (n=10) and sham groups (n=10). Renal artery angiography, body weight, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and blood and urine biochemistry were determined 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Models were killed 6 months after surgery. Pathological changes in the renal artery and renal tissue were assessed. The HFD group had significantly (P<.05) increased body weight, HR, and blood pressure, and higher levels of urine albumin, serum noradrenaline, and angiotensin II compared with controls. After RDN, blood pressure was decreased compared with baseline and the sham group (P<.05). In the RDN group, examination of the renal artery and renal tissue showed intact intima of renal artery in the surgical area, renal sympathetic nerve degeneration, necrosis, and dissolution, and widened space between nerve fibres. Hypertension‐induced renal pathological changes were mild to moderate in the RDN group, but severe in the sham group. The control group had normal glomerular structure. In conclusion, RDN can effectively lower blood pressure in obesity‐induced hypertensive dogs, as well as hypertension‐induced renal pathological changes.
Can space teach? Theorising pedagogies of social order
Authors: Watkins Megan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSpace affects bodies but to what extent does it teach? This paper explores the pedagogic dimensions of space and its various permutations. Engaging critically with phenomenological accounts of body/space relations, it examines how certain aspects of space—what here are termed non‐human didactics—equip the body with skills that have application in terms of a broad notion of social order requisite for cohabitation and the sharing of social space. As Theodore Schatzki (2002, p.1) points out, ‘Order is a basic dimension of any domain of entities’. He foregrounds the notion of Zusammenhang or ‘hanging together’ as a crucial element of social life. Such ‘hanging together’, however, does not just happen; it involves individuals acquiring certain ways of being, to navigate social space and to operate as part of a larger whole. Importantly, this process of acquisition is not just a matter of learning, it also involves teaching but understood in broad terms as pertaining to the many ways in which, as Raymond Williams (1966, p.15) explains, ‘the whole environment, its institutions and relationships, actively and profoundly teaches’. This paper explores these processes. It focuses on the neglect of pedagogy within theorisations of space and draws on examples from within the institutional space of the school to exemplify their role in the spatial formation of social order.
Geographies of inequalities in an area of opportunities: ambiguous experiences among young men in the Norwegian High North
Authors: Paulgaard Gry 
Published: August 2016

AbstractResearch within the field ‘geography of education’ points to the importance of studying the relationship between social and spatial variations in educational provision and attainment. This research has mainly focused on the spatial segregation of different social groups in urban settings. There has been limited research on how geography influences youth and education in rural settings. Youth research in general is criticised for an unacknowledged ‘metrocentricity’, referring to the invisibility of how place and geography represent changeable and contingent conditions in young people's lives. This paper is based on interviews with young, unemployed men living in small places that can be termed the marginal edge of the northern periphery, in the northern part of Norway. By combining a geographical approach with theories on social learning, the paper discusses how changes in the local world of education and work are experienced by a group of young men, and how the changes influence their choices, and lack thereof, in specific rural communities. The overall aim of this paper is to demonstrate how place and geography matter, and how gender and place intersect, when it comes to young people's experiences of opportunities and options.
Effect of Incorporation Nanocrystalline Corn Straw Cellulose and Polyethylene Glycol on Properties of Biodegradable Films
Authors: Sun Haitao , Shao Xinru , Ma Zhongsu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis work aimed to study the effect of nanocrystalline corn straw cellulose (NCSC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the properties of biodegradable corn distarch phosphate (CDP) films. The mechanical properties and barrier properties were investigated. Meanwhile, the compatibility, crystallization, thermal stability, and morphological structure of the films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (X‐RD), thermogravimetric (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In contrast with the CDP films, incorporation of NCSC in the films improved their tensile strength (TS) significantly, and incorporation of PEG improved their elongation at break (EAB) significantly else. PEG, CDP, and NCSC (P‐CDP/NCSC) blend films had the best barrier properties. The thermal stability of the films was increased by the incorporation of NCSC. X‐RD showed that CDP and NCSC (CDP/NCSC) films had higher crystallinity. SEM revealed that all films had smooth surface, while the films presented a uniform network structure through the incorporation of NCSC.