bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of gamification on motivation and engagement
Authors: Alsawaier Raed S. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Gamification is the application of game features, mainly video game elements, into non-game context for the purpose of promoting motivation and engagement in learning. The application of gamification in a pedagogical context provides some remedy for many students who find themselves alienated by traditional methods of instruction. The use of gamification could provide a partial solution to the decline in learners’ motivation and engagement the schooling system is facing today. Specifically, the college environment could benefit a lot from gamifying not only their graduate recruitment strategies, but also the college course content and curricula. This critical analysis of literature on gamification is intended to be part of a sequence on the effect of gamification on motivation and engagement. A proposed methodology in the study of gamification effect on motivation and engagement in addition to an empirical study on three college courses are being finalized to complete this trilogy. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Themes covered in the literature review include: conceptualizing gamification, advantages of gamification over game-based learning, theoretical connections to gamification, motivation and engagement, connecting gamification to motivation and engagement, emotions and fun in gamification, player types and gamification features, gamification in action, and implementation guidelines.

Findings
The literature on the effect of gamification on motivation and gamification is still limited on multiple levels. There is a gap between theory and practice in the study of gamification. There is limited literature on the implementation guidelines of the gamified designs.

Practical implications
This critical analysis of literature is followed by connecting it to future research by the same author as part of a sequence on the effect of gamification on motivation and engagement. The second project, will be proposing a methodology for any successful design to provide a holistic understanding of the topic of gamification. Finally, an empirical study on the effect of gamification on students’ motivation and engagement in three college courses will be submitted to complete the trilogy.

Originality/value
This paper is a literature review, so there is a strong connection to literature on this topic. However, the synthesis of the themes and ideas are original. The literature review is extensive and covers the different aspects of the topic of gamification and its relationship to motivation and engagement.
Institutional distance, establishment mode choice and international experience: the case of Indian MNCs
Authors: Rienda Laura , Claver Enrique , Quer Diego 
Published: November 2017

PurposeFocusing on the growing importance of Indian multinational corporations in the past decades, this paper aims to understand how establishment mode decisions in a foreign market can differ depending on a series of factors. Specifically, the authors examine how institutional distance, including cultural distance and political risk, could affect these decisions, and how international acquisition experience could moderate this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test their hypotheses using data from 114 outward foreign direct investments between 2000 and 2010.FindingsThe findings suggest that experience in international acquisitions increases the likelihood of subsequent acquisitions in high-risk and culturally distant countries.Originality/valueBy considering that the country of origin also matters, some differences among emerging-market multinational corporations (MNCs) may arise. Besides, since empirical research focusing on emerging-market MNCs is scarce, more empirical studies are needed to analyze the influence of cultural distance and political risk on some decisions. In the case of India, there are also additional motivations for analyzing those institutional factors. First, since this is a country with significant linkages to Western countries, it is interesting to know if the influence of cultural distance is similar or not. Second, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the relationship between political risk and establishment mode choice in the case of Indian MNCs. To fill this gap, the first aim of this paper is to analyze how cultural distance and political risk affect the establishment mode choice of Indian MNCs. Moreover, recognizing international experience to be an important factor in explaining international expansion, we focus on international experience interactions with sources of uncertainty inherent in the host market.
Mediating roles of capabilities between R&D-marketing integration and business performance
Authors: Ali Abdul , Matsuno Ken 
Published: November 2017

PurposeFollowing the resource-based view, this paper aims to investigate the business performance impact of R&D–marketing integration and marketing and technical capabilities at the organization level in a non-Western context. Specifically, this work explores the mediating role of the two capabilities, while accounting for potential moderating effects and under the contingency of technological turbulence.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from the paired marketing and R&D executives of 207 Japanese manufacturing companies. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results show that marketing capability – by itself and also coupled with technical capability – mediates the relationship between R&D–marketing integration and business performance, while technical capability alone does not.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s subjective performance measures and cross-sectional design have inherent limitations. The exploration of antecedents and other contingency variables would provide ample scope for future research.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that managers need to build these two capabilities, especially marketing capability, because R&D–marketing integration by itself will not be sufficient to improve business performance.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence for a new theoretical link through which R&D–marketing integration impacts business performance at the program level. The findings may also partially explain the mixed and conflicting results often found in past studies.
Performance objectives of public private partnership implementation in Malaysia: perception of key players
Authors: Mohamad Rosnani , Ismail Suhaiza , Mohd Said Julia 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The objectives of this present study are twofold. First, it aims to investigate the performance objectives of PPP implementation in Malaysia. Second, it aims to examine the differences in the perceptions of two PPP key players – the public and private sectors – pertaining to the performance objectives.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey was used to elicit the perceptions of the public and private sectors concerning the performance objectives of PPP projects in Malaysia; 237 usable responses were obtained and analysed using SPSS to rank the importance of the performance objectives and to examine the differences in the perceptions between the government and private sectors.

Findings
The results reveal that the five most important performance objectives for PPP implementation in Malaysia based on overall respondents’ perceptions are “High-quality public service”, “Provide convenient service for society”, “Within or under budget”, “On-time or earlier” and “Satisfy the need for more public facilities”. As for differences in the perceptions of the two key players, only one objective was perceived as statistically more important by the public sector respondents than by their private sector counterparts.

Originality/value
The contribution of this paper is that it not only provides empirical evidence for the performance objectives for PPP implementation in Malaysia, but also offers evidence concerning the differences in the perceptions of the public and private sectors pertaining to the performance objectives.
Forgetting corruption: unlearning the knowledge of corruption in the Indonesian public sector
Authors: Prabowo Hendi Yogi , Sriyana Jaka , Syamsudin Muhammad 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Based on the authors’ study, the main purpose of this paper is to ascertain a systematic long-term solution for the corruption problem in the Indonesian public sector from the knowledge management perspective. To achieve its objectives, this paper applies multiple perspectives and theories of corruption and knowledge management on the corruption problem in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on the authors’ study to assess the corruption problem in the Indonesian public sector in the past decade through the examination of reports from various institutions and other relevant documents to highlight various behavioral issues in knowledge management in the Indonesian public sector and how they relate to corruption.

Findings
The authors establish that a major factor behind corruption’s ability to regenerate over time in the Indonesian public sector is the fact that it has become part of knowledge conversion in Indonesian public institutions for so long that removing it would be a very challenging task. To remove corruption from Indonesian public institutions is to remove it from the existing knowledge conversion spiral within these institutions by means of organizational unlearning and re-learning. The primary focus of the unlearning and re-learning process should be to eliminate the knowledge of corruption, in both tacit and explicit forms, and replace it with the knowledge of good governance, accountability and integrity. Through systematic organizational unlearning and re-learning along with other more repressive measures, the risk of corruption in public institutions in Indonesia will gradually diminish over time.

Research limitations/implications
This study is relying on documentary analysis to highlight the trend in behavioral problems in relation to knowledge conversion in the Indonesian public sector. Future studies should incorporate interviews with corruption offenders and local leaders to gain a more accurate view of how knowledge conversion plays its role in the growth and regeneration of corruption in the Indonesian public sector.

Practical implications
This paper contributes to the development of corruption eradication strategy by proposing a framework for systematically removing corruption knowledge from an organization. With this, framework resources can be allocated more effectively and efficiently to achieve the objectives of corruption prevention.

Originality/value
This paper highlights the importance of behavior-oriented approaches in mitigating corruption in the Indonesian public sector.
Reflections on Rwanda’s approaches to crime related asset recovery
Authors: Dusabe Francis 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
In this paper, the author intends to showcase the effectiveness of the Rwandan legal regime governing criminal asset recovery. This paper aims to advocate for a need to enforce laws, which seems to be dormant, and to ensure fairness of action when confiscating or seizing assets that initially belongs to bonafide third parties.

Design/methodology/approach
The author assesses the effectiveness of law No. 42/2014 of 27/01/2015 governing the recovery of offence-related assets in Rwanda and compares it with established international standards provided in major conventions to which Rwanda is a party. Primary and secondary sources of legal research have been used. Primary sources include international conventions, domestic laws and case laws. Secondary sources include books, chapters, journal articles and policy papers.

Findings
In this paper, the author submits that the law on crime-related asset recovery suffers from strategic deficiencies and gaps and posits that the process of asset recovery should be streamlined and balanced to meet the aims of crime prevention.

Originality/value
This research paper is a first of its kind. Through positive criticism, it showcases that Rwanda is doing well through the establishment of relevant laws to combat crime. However, it proposes solutions to identify gaps. This paper is original and has never been published anywhere else, and all sources used have duly been recognized.
Strengthening the effectiveness of whistleblowing system
Authors: Nurhidayat Ilham , Kusumasari Bevaola 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and map out various aspects and key elements, which are necessary to strengthen an effective and systematic whistleblowing system (WBS) and ensure adequate protection in accordance with the characteristics typical of Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach
This research emphasizes the extensive use of literature review and previous research that analyze whistleblowing as an issue and ethical challenge in public institutions. This research also reviews documents pertaining to the formulation and implementation of existing WBS. Additionally, this research also analyzes some cases experienced by a number of whistleblower figures in Indonesia as a contribution and recommendation to parties interested in formulating a more effective and systematic WBS.

Findings
An effective and systematic WBS, assuring adequate protection, needs a number of key elements which will be identified and mapped out in this research and, subsequently, categorized into several aspects covering human and ethical culture; policy; legal protection; organizational structure; and procedures and process in accordance to Indonesia’s specific characteristics.

Practical implications
The paper can be a source to explore anti-corruption policy and the prevention approach of corruption based on Indonesian perspectives.

Originality/value
This paper is a significant undertaking aimed at raising public trust in public institutions and providing adequate protection to whistleblowers. It also contributes by encouraging the public organization to prevent corruption and other wrongdoing, which, nowadays, are common in Indonesia.
Effects of Hydrolyzed Rapeseed Cake Extract on the Quality Characteristics of Mayonnaise Dressing
Authors: Kim Ye‐Seul , Lee Jeung‐Hee 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCombined fractions (H2O and 30% and 50% ethanol) of crude rapeseed cake extracts with 80% ethanol were hydrolyzed with NaOH solution. The hydrolyzed extract showed significantly higher contents of total phenolics (41.8 mg SAE/g) and sinapic acid (425.8 mg/g), as well as higher 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl radical‐scavenging capacity (91.98 RSC%) than the crude extract (P < 0.05). Antimicrobial activity of the hydrolyzed extract was remarkably higher than that of the crude extract against selected Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria as well as yeast, as determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration method. Hydrolyzed extract (100, 250, or 500 ppm) was added to mayonnaise dressing, and several quality characteristics of the dressing were investigated by assessments of microbial, physical, and oxidative stabilities during 8 wk of storage. Microbial stability was higher in the dressing with hydrolyzed extract added (4.3 to 4.6 Log CFU/g) than the control (4.9 Log CFU/g). Physical characteristics of the dressing with hydrolyzed extract added were better than those of the control, based on increased viscosity and reduced emulsion separation. Hydrolyzed extract increased oxidative stability in a concentration‐dependent manner, and the dressing with added 500 ppm of hydrolyzed extract resulted in a lower free fatty acid content (4.8% at week 8), peroxide value (13.5 meq/kg at week 6), and 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances value (66.2 μg/100 g at week 8) than the control. Therefore, it is expected that hydrolyzed rapeseed cake extract containing high sinapic acid content can be used in emulsion system as a value‐added ingredient.Practical ApplicationCrude extract of rapeseed cake was fractionated and alkaline‐hydrolyzed to convert sinapine into sinapic acid, and the produced hydrolyzed extract showed higher antimicrobial and antioxidative activities than the crude extract. When the hydrolyzed extract was added to mayonnaise dressing, microbial stability increased along with physical characteristics and oxidative stability, thereby supporting the potential of hydrolyzed rapeseed extract as a food additive for quality management of mayonnaise dressing during storage.
Non‐declining amphibians can be important reservoir hosts for amphibian chytrid fungus
Authors: Brannelly L. A. , Webb R. J. , Hunter D. A. , Clemann N. , Howard K. , Skerratt L. F. , Berger L. , Scheele B. C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAmphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is the most devastating vertebrate disease on record. Reservoir hosts are likely to be important in the Bd‐amphibian system because many amphibian species can carry infections without experiencing mortality. However, while a variety of reservoirs have been proposed, few have been empirically demonstrated to act as competent reservoir hosts. In this study, we investigate whether the common eastern froglet, Crinia signifera, a non‐declining species that is widespread in eastern Australia, is a reservoir host for Bd infection. We conducted a long‐term, large‐scale field survey to investigate disease dynamics in C. signifera at sites where four sympatric, threatened anuran species have severely declined. We also monitored Bd‐infected C. signifera in the laboratory to determine susceptibility and survivorship. Finally, we assessed population age structure to investigate disease impact in the wild. We found that C. signifera is a competent reservoir host, maintaining high prevalence and infection intensities in the wild and in the laboratory, with no signs of sub‐lethal effects or clinical disease. In the wild, the modal age is 4 years with individuals living up to 6 years, indicating that adults can survive across multiple years despite high infection prevalence and intensity. The occurrence of C. signifera at sites with remnant populations of threatened species likely contributes to ongoing disease impact in declining species decades after the arrival of Bd. The presence of C. signifera at sites where threatened species have become extinct inhibits effective reintroductions, and we recommend avoiding sites with high reservoir host abundance when planning reintroductions.
Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with Toll‐like receptor‐4 Thr399Ile polymorphism increased the risk of peptic ulcer development in North of Iran
Authors: Tourani Mehdi , Habibzadeh Maryam , Shokri‐Shirvani Javad , Teymournejad Omid , Mostafazadeh Amrollah , Khafri Soraya , Nouri Hamid Reza 
Published: November 2017

Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4) polymorphisms may influence host immune response against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This study aimed to investigate whether TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with H. pylori susceptibility and risk of peptic ulcer development or not. The TLR4 + 3725 G/C polymorphism was studied using polymerase chain reaction with confronting two‐pair primers (PCR–CTPP). In addition, TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). There was no significant difference in TLR4 + 3725 G/C and Asp299Gly genotype frequencies between non‐peptic ulcer (NPUD) and peptic ulcer (PUD) individuals in the context of peptic ulcer development and susceptibility to infection with H. pylori. Nevertheless, a significant association with increased risk for PUD development was observed for polymorphism TLR4 Thr399Ile [odds ratio (OR) = 4.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.35–13.26; p = 0.01]. Correspondingly, TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphism was associated with H. pylori susceptibility (OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.08–0.88; p = 0.04). In addition, TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphism increased 4.2‐fold, the risk of peptic ulcer development in individuals infected by H. pylori carrying CT + TT genotype. Our results showed that TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphism along with H. pylori infection may play critical roles in peptic ulcer development in North of Iran.
Unique contribution of Ecuadorian kindergartners’ spontaneous focusing on numerosity to their early numerical abilities
Authors: Torbeyns Joke , Bojorque Gina , Van Hoof Jo , Van Nijlen Daniël , Verschaffel Lieven 
Published: November 2017

Recent evidence indicates that young children's spontaneous focusing on numerosity (SFON) uniquely contributes to their early numerical abilities. This study complements previous findings by validating the relation between young children's SFON and their early numerical abilities in a developing country, namely Ecuador. We analysed 355 Ecuadorian 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds’ SFON in relation to their early numerical abilities at the start of kindergarten, controlling for children's socio‐demographic (socio‐economic status, age) and general cognitive (working memory, intelligence) characteristics. Our results evidence the unique contribution of Ecuadorian kindergartners’ SFON to their early numerical abilities, controlling for children's working memory, intelligence, socio‐economic status, and age. Our findings support the validity of previous findings on the unique contribution of SFON to young children's early numerical abilities in developed countries for developing countries. Additionally, they raise timely questions for further theoretical and methodological studies on young children's numerical development worldwide, in developing and developed countries.
Statement of contribution

What is already known?

SFON uniquely contributes to early numerical abilities.

However, this is only documented in Finnish samples.

Previously only limited control for domain‐general cognitive and socio‐demographic characteristics.

What does the study add?

SFON uniquely contributes to early numerical abilities in Ecuadorian 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds.

This unique contribution remains after controlling for WM, IQ, SES, and age.

Evidence for the universal nature of the association between SFON and early numerical ability.
The use of detailed statistical data in customs reforms: The case of Madagascar
Authors: Chalendard Cyril , Raballand Gaël , Rakotoarisoa Antsa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo carry out their various missions—collecting revenue, facilitating trade and ensuring security— many customs administrations have established a risk management unit. In developing countries, however, because of the lack of dedicated human and material resources, intelligence and risk analysis remain insufficiently developed. In view of the lack of resources, this article proposes a simple methodology aiming at detecting risky import operations. The mirror analysis first helps to identify and target products or sectors with the greatest risk. Based on the examination of customs declarations patterns (data mining), it is then possible to identify and target higher risk economic operators (importers and customs brokers). When implemented in Madagascar, this method has helped to reveal probable fraud cases in the context of current customs reforms.