bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Lesbian and Gay Families in Australian Law — Part One: Couples
Authors: Millbank Jenni 
Published: January 2018

A wide range of state and federal laws recognise and regulate intimate and familial relationships. Such laws include inheritance, immigration, guardianship and superannuation as well as the areas that we traditionally think of as ‘family law’: property division and disputes over children following relationship breakdown.There is no reliable demographic data on how many adults identify as lesbian or gay in Australia, but there is information to indicate that many lesbians and gay men live in long-term relationships, some of which include children. The Australian census has never asked individuals to identify their sexuality, but in 1996 and 2001 invited people to record if they are living in a same-sex relationship. These figures underestimate the numbers of couples for a variety of reasons: in 1996 the question itself was confusingly worded, and many people were unaware that they were able to record their relationship for the first time. The census does not record couples who do not cohabit. In addition, there are still many same-sex couples who would not feel comfortable recording their relationship on an official document such as a census.
From Foreign Circumstances to First Instance Considerations: Extrinsic Material and the Law of Statutory Interpretation
Authors: Stubbs Matthew T 
Published: January 2018

[T]he sages of the law heretofore have construed statutes … upon the intent of the Legislature, which they have collected sometimes by considering the cause and necessity of making the Act, sometimes by comparing one part of the Act with another, and sometimes by foreign circumstances.That conclusion was reached in the 1560 case of Stradling v Morgan, and may be taken to correctly state the law at that time. In its context, it is clear that the phrase ‘foreign circumstances’ was intended to refer not to the state of international relations, but rather to the use of extrinsic material in statutory interpretation.Despite this early acceptance by the English courts of the use of extrinsic material in statutory interpretation, strident restrictions on the use of extrinsic material were later to be introduced into the common law. In discussing the principle that, ‘Parliament speaks only through an Act of Parliament,’ Dicey stressed the point that, ‘the English Bench have always refused, in principle at least, to interpret an Act of Parliament otherwise than by reference to the words of the enactment.’
Prohibiting the Conscription of State Officers for Commonwealth Purposes: An American Future for the State Immunity Doctrine?
Authors: Moorhead Matthew 
Published: January 2018

In undertaking its responsibility to interpret and construct federalism, the High Court of Australia has frequently considered the Supreme Court of the United States’ treatment of the same subject. The US influence has been particularly pronounced in the area of State immunity. This article considers whether an American constitutional innovation of the 1990s, the anti-commandeering doctrine articulated in the case of Printz v United States, can and should be transplanted to Australia.'Printz v United States embodies the [Supreme] Court's most emphatic acclamation of state sovereignty since the New Deal'; it is a ‘watershed in the jurisprudence of federalism.' In the lead judgment, written by Scalia J, the Supreme Court expounded a new bright-line rule:
The Federal Government may neither issue directives requiring the States to address particular problems, nor command the States’ officers, or those of their political subdivisions, to administer or enforce a federal regulatory program.This rule, the Supreme Court made clear, is categorical and permits no exceptions: It matters not whether policymaking is involved, and no case-by-case weighing of the burdens or benefits is necessary; such commands are fundamentally incompatible with our constitutional system of dual sovereignty.
Freedom of Movement in an Era of Shared Parenting: The Differences in Judicial Approaches to Relocation
Authors: Parkinson Patrick 
Published: January 2018

In 2006, Parliament made major amendments to the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) (‘Family Law Act’) to encourage a greater level of shared parenting, and to give greater emphasis to the importance of children maintaining a relationship with both parents in the absence of violence or abuse. There are major differences between trial judges in how to apply the new laws to the problem of parental relocation — where the primary caregiver wants to move a long way from the other. The central problem is determining how much importance should be given to a parent's freedom of movement given this greater emphasis on the involvement of both parents. There are stark differences in the policy and approach of different trial judges, which have yet to be resolved by an authoritative and carefully reasoned decision of an appellate court.This article examines these substantial differences in view between judges on this issue since the 2006 amendments, and proposes a way forward based upon revisiting the leading judgment of Kirby J in the High Court in AMS v AIF.
Turning Fortifications into Constitutional Bypasses: Gypsy Jokers Motorcycle Club Inc V Commissioner of Police
Authors: Leith Hugo 
Published: January 2018

Gypsy Jokers v Commissioner of Police (‘Gypsy Jokers’), at least in the Western Australian Court of Appeal, concerned the application of the so-called Kable v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) (‘Kable’) principle (or principles). That is, the principle restricting the State legislatures’ powers to confer responsibilities on State courts vested or capable of being vested with federal jurisdiction, especially State Supreme Courts, as would be incompatible with the exercise of that federal jurisdiction. Kable's focus has been sharpened and narrowed in subsequent cases to refer to theories of the ‘institutional integrity’ of State courts, or their actual and apparent ‘independence and impartiality’.On appeal to the High Court, Gypsy Jokers dramatically shifted from a development of relatively novel and volatile constitutional principles into an application of canons of statutory construction, followed by a conclusion of constitutional validity that bypassed the leading tests.
Mycophenolate Mofetil in Combination with Steroids for Treatment of C3 Glomerulopathy
Authors: Avasare Rupali S. , Canetta Pietro A. , Bomback Andrew S. , Marasa Maddalena , Caliskan Yasar , Ozluk Yasemin , Li Yifu , Gharavi Ali G. , Appel Gerald B. 
Published: January 2018

Background and objectives
C3 glomerulopathy is a form of complement-mediated GN. Immunosuppressive therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of C3 glomerulopathy. Mycophenolate mofetil is an attractive treatment option given its role in the treatment of other complement-mediated diseases and the results of the Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases C3 Study. Here, we study the outcomes of patients with C3 glomerulopathy treated with steroids and mycophenolate mofetil.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients in the C3 glomerulopathy registry at Columbia University and identified patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil for at least 3 months and follow-up for at least 1 year. We studied clinical, histologic, and genetic data for the whole group and compared data for those who achieved complete or partial remission (responders) with those who did not achieve remission (nonresponders). We compared remission with mycophenolate mofetil with remission with other immunosuppressive regimens.

Results
We identified 30 patients who met inclusion criteria. Median age was 25 years old (interquartile range, 18–36), median creatinine was 1.07 mg/dl (interquartile range, 0.79–1.69), and median proteinuria was 3200 mg/g creatinine (interquartile range, 1720–6759). The median follow-up time was 32 months (interquartile range, 21–68). Twenty (67%) patients were classified as responders. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between responders and nonresponders, although initial proteinuria was lower (median 2468 mg/g creatinine) in responders compared with nonresponders (median 5000 mg/g creatinine) and soluble membrane attack complex levels were higher in responders compared with nonresponders. For those tapered off mycophenolate mofetil, relapse rate was 50%. Genome-wide analysis on complement genes was done, and in 12 patients, we found 18 variants predicted to be damaging. None of these variants were previously reported to be pathogenic. Mycophenolate mofetil with steroids outperformed other immunosuppressive regimens.

Conclusions
Among patients who tolerated mycophenolate mofetil, combination therapy with steroids induced remission in 67% of this cohort. Heavier proteinuria at the start of therapy and lower soluble membrane attack complex levels were associated with treatment resistance.
Risk of Hypoglycemia Following Hospital Discharge in Patients With Diabetes and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Hung Adriana M. , Siew Edward D. , Wilson Otis D. , Perkins Amy M. , Greevy Robert A. , Horner Jeffrey , Abdel-Kader Khaled , Parr Sharidan K. , Roumie Christianne L. , Griffin Marie R. , Ikizler T. Alp , Speroff Theodore , Matheny Michael E. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVEHypoglycemia is common in patients with diabetes. The risk of hypoglycemia after acute kidney injury (AKI) is not well defined. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk for postdischarge hypoglycemia among hospitalized patients with diabetes who do and do not experience AKI.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed a propensity-matched analysis of patients with diabetes, with and without AKI, using a retrospective national cohort of veterans hospitalized between 2004 and 2012. AKI was defined as a 0.3 mg/dL or 50% increase in serum creatinine from baseline to peak serum creatinine during hospitalization. Hypoglycemia was defined as hospital admission or an emergency department visit for hypoglycemia or as an outpatient blood glucose &lt;60 mg/dL. Time to incident hypoglycemia within 90 days postdischarge was examined using Cox proportional hazards models. Prespecified subgroup analyses by renal recovery, baseline chronic kidney disease, preadmission drug regimen, and HbA1c were performed.RESULTSWe identified 65,151 propensity score–matched pairs with and without AKI. The incidence of hypoglycemia was 29.6 (95% CI 28.9–30.4) and 23.5 (95% CI 22.9–24.2) per 100 person-years for patients with and without AKI, respectively. After adjustment, AKI was associated with a 27% increased risk of hypoglycemia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.27 [95% CI 1.22–1.33]). For patients with full recovery, the HR was 1.18 (95% CI 1.12–1.25); for partial recovery, the HR was 1.30 (95% CI 1.23–1.37); and for no recovery, the HR was 1.48 (95% CI 1.36–1.60) compared with patients without AKI. Across all antidiabetes drug regimens, patients with AKI experienced hypoglycemia more frequently than patients without AKI, though the incidence of hypoglycemia was highest among insulin users, followed by glyburide and glipizide users, respectively.CONCLUSIONSAKI is a risk factor for hypoglycemia in the postdischarge period. Studies to identify risk-reduction strategies in this population are warranted.
A PROPOSED EVALUATION PLAN TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF A YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FACILITATED BY THE STATE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (SITA) IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Menlah Maura Mbunyuza-deHeer 
Published: January 2018

This article reports on a proposed evaluation plan that has been developed to assess the work done by the State Information Technology Agency (SITA). The SITA programme was implemented in response to the South African governmentâ€™s call to improve the lives of the populations in some rural areas through technology. The programme was meant to address slow development in Â rural Â areas Â thatÂ lack Â technological Â innovations Â and Â advances. Â In Â the proposed evaluation plan a review is made of secondary data, deciding how strategic priorities are to be determined, as well as analysis of the rural context environment. The researcher gives an account of how the evaluation strategies are to be piloted and rolled out thereafter. Lessons learnt are recorded and reported upon. A proposed evaluation plan will be developed, based on the lessons learnt in line with the objectives of the project.
BEING GENDERED IN AFRICAâ€™S FLAGDEMOCRACIES: NARRATIVES OF SEXUAL MINORITIES LIVING IN THE DIASPORA
Authors: Batisai Kezia 
Published: January 2018

Â Critical engagement with existing scholarship reveals that many postcolonial African states have set up legal frameworks which institutionalise heterosexuality and condemn counter-sexualities. Clearly discernible from this body of literature is the fact that non-complying citizens constantly negotiate â€˜the right to beâ€™ in very political and gendered ways. Ironically, narratives of how these non-complying citizens experience such homophobic contexts hardly find their way into academic discourses, irrespective of the identity battles they fight on a daily basis. To fill this scholarly gap, I first insert the question of diaspora into the argument made extensively in literature that gender, sexuality and homophobia are intrinsic to defining national identity in postcolonial African states. Subsequently, I capture the experiences of queer Africans that emerged out of fieldwork conducted in Johannesburg and Cape Town, South Africa, between 2011 and 2014. The focus is on the narratives of sexual minorities who migrated permanently to South Africa to flee draconian legislation and diverse forms of sexual persecution in Zimbabwe, Uganda and Nigeria. Juxtaposed with the experiences of South African sexual minorities, deep reflections of how queer foreign nationals have experienced their bodies beyond the borders of their respective homelands tell a particularly interesting story about the meaning of the postcolonial state, read through the intersections of gender, sexuality and diaspora discourses. Local and foreign sexual minoritiesâ€™ experiences are replete with contradictions, which make for rich and ambivalent analyses of what the reality of being a sexual minority in (South) Africa means. Contrary to queer Africans who construct living in South Africa as an institutionalisation of â€˜libertyâ€™, sexual minorities of South African origin frame the countryâ€™s democracy as an intricate and confusing space. Although analysed in this article, this conundrum paves the way for further engagement with the interplay between sexuality, homophobia and migration/diaspora discourses, which are often invisible to queer research on the continent.
Internationalization strategies in Portuguese Higher Education Institutions – time to move on and to move beyond
Authors: Coelho Margarida , Arau Ribeiro María Del Carmen 
Published: January 2018

In recent decades, under the pressures of globalization and within the framework of the European Union education policies, Portuguese Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have undergone an intense process of internationalization, with rising figures in the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge and research as well as student and staff international mobility and real academic cooperation amongst HEIs. Despite these indicators, other issues such as the internationalization of curricula content, student development of intercultural skills, and institutional foreign language learning policies, require attention in the debate on internationalization in Higher Education (HE) and open the challenge to the broad strategic area of “Internationalization at Home” (de Wit et al. 2015b).In this paper, which is a part of ongoing research on the introduction of the Content and Language Integrated Learning approach in Portuguese HEIs, we present an overview of the national internationalization policies in Portuguese HE over the past decade and focus on just how these policies have been transferred and transformed institutionally. We start by reviewing the different definitions of internationalization in HE, both abroad and at home, and then focus on national policies, specifically a recent Resolution of the Portuguese Council of Ministers (78/2016). Finally, we conclude arguing for the need to not only move on with these efforts but also to move beyond to broaden the scope of action of internationalization strategies in Portuguese HEIs.
Set of Support for Theory Reasoning
Authors: Reger Giles , Suda Martin 
Published: January 2018

This paper describes initial experiments using the set of support strategy to improve how a saturation-based theorem prover performs theory reasoning with explicit theory axioms. When dealing with theories such as arithmetic, modern automated theorem provers often resort to adding explicit theory axioms, for example, x+y = y+x. Reasoning with such axioms can be explosive. However, little has been done to explore methods that mitigate the negative impact of theory axioms on saturation-based reasoning. The set of support strategy requires that all inferences involve a premise with an ancestor in a so-called set of support,initially taken to be a subset of the input clauses, usually those corresponding to the goal. This leads to completely goal orientated reasoning but is incomplete for practical reasoning (e.g. in the presence of ordering constraints). The idea of this paper is to apply the set of support strategy to theory axioms only, and then to explore the effect of allowing some limited reasoning within this set. The suggested approach is implemented and evaluated within the VAMPIRE theorem prover.
Applications of Harmony Search Algorithm
Authors: Chauhan Gunjan , Patel Vishal , Arekar Vishal 
Published: January 2018

Harmony search Algorithm (HSA) is mostly preferred for solving optimizationproblems and gives optimum solution of the problems. . It is based on improvisation of harmony in music process where musicians improvise their instruments’ pitch by searching for a aesthetically pleasant harmony. As the musicians in improvisation process try to find the best harmony in terms of aesthetics, the decision variables in optimization process try to be the best solution in terms of objective function. In the present work, the harmony search method is studied with an attempt to use it to solve various structural optimization problems. Harmony search can be more effective than some of the optimization available right now like genetic algorithms, particle swarm algorithm, ant colony algorithm, gravity search algorithm etc. The programming language used in this work is Visual Basic-macro excel. The programs for harmony search algorithm is developed in macro and their reliability is checked by verifying it with various mathematical optimization problems.
Culture Learning in B1 and B2 EFL Textbooks
Authors: Larrea-Espinar Angela María , Raigón-Rodríguez Antonio R. 
Published: January 2018

The interrelationship between language and culture has a direct bearing on language teaching. Our study focuses on the cultural analysis of textbooks. We have analysed 6 B1 and B2- level textbooks for teaching English to adults in Spain. To this aim, we have used a model of cultural learning analysis based on the earlier work of Paige and Lee. This functional framework gathers every category and aspect of culture needed to develop each of the competencies that are required to accomplish comprehensive culture learning.Findings show that the invisible aspect of culture (small “c” target-culture learning), which is crucial to understanding the values and ways of thinking of a society, receives less coverage in textbooks. Regarding the comparison between B1 and B2 levels, the data indicate that the number of big “C” Culture occurrences is similar for both levels, although there are differences in other cultural aspects. Thus, despite some promising changes in the way of addressing culture learning in EFL textbooks, we are still far from developing intercultural speakers.
Clitic Doubling in Majorcan Spanish and Catalan
Authors: Jiménez Amelia , Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro , Pires Acrisio 
Published: January 2018

In this study, we focus on clitic doubling with a human or animate referent. We attempt to determine whether or not bilingual Catalan-Spanish speakers (from Mallorca, Spain) employ the corresponding preposition (so-called personal a) in this type of clitic doubling structure in Spanish and in Catalan. In addition, we consider the use of third-person [± human] pronominal, non-reflexive clitics, both for direct and indirect object.We present results from a study of forty bilingual speakers from Mallorca. The data we analyzed came from spontaneous oral production data from all the participants in the study. Each participant was recorded twice, once in Spanish and once in the Majorcan Catalan variety. Each recording consisted of interviews with the researcher involving a variety of topics and lasted approximately 10 to 15 minutes.The preliminary results indicate that in Majorcan Spanish there are no substantial differences compared to Peninsular Spanish regarding the use of third person, non-reflexive clitics. Regarding the Majorcan Catalan uses, the results are also not so different in comparison to Peninsular Catalan, but we see a substantial increase in the rate of distinct uses of the neutral clitic ho. However, when third-person clitics are used in a clitic doubling structure in Spanish there is a difference between L1 speakers of Catalan and L1 speakers of Spanish. This is because the former tend to omit the preposition in the corresponding DP.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TGT SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP FISIKA DASAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN IPA
Authors: Wijayanti Astuti 
Published: January 2018

Abstrak. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dilaksanakan di Prodi Pendidikan IPA UST untuk mengetahui peningkatan pemahaman ÃÂ konsep Fisika Dasar dan partisipasi mahasiswa Pendidikan IPA dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran TGT. Untuk mengamati proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran TGT digunakan lembar observasi mahasiswa dan dosen. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar observasi aktivitas dosen dan mahasiswa dalam kegiatan belajar tim dan lembar tes (postest). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran Fisika Dasar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan partisipasi mahasiswa pendidikan IPA.ÃÂ Kata Kunci: pemahaman konsep, partisipasi mahasiswa, model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGTÃÂ Abstract. Classroom Action Research held in Science Education UST to find an improved understanding of the concept of Basic Physics and Science Education student participation using TGT learning model. To observe the process of learning using TGT learning model used observation sheet of students and lecturers . Instruments used include observation sheet activities of faculty and students in learning activities team and a test sheet (posttest). The results showed that the learning Physics using cooperative learning model TGT can improve understanding of the concept and science education student participation.ÃÂ Keywords : conceptual understanding, student participation, cooperative learning model TGT