bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Polynuclear Metal Complexes with Bridging Carbene or Carbyne Ligands. Part 62. Synthesis of Penta‐, Hexa‐, and Hepta‐heteronuclear Metal Cluster Compounds Involving Tungsten or Molybdenum with Platinum or Nickel: Crystal Structures of the Chain Compounds (Pt3W3(μ‐CMe)(μ3‐CMe)2(CO)6(cod)(η‐C5Me5)3)·0.5 CH2Cl2 and (Pt3W4(μ‐CC6H4Me‐4)2(μ3‐CC6H4Me‐4)2(CO)8(η‐C5H5)4).
Authors: DAVIES S. J. , ELLIOTT G. P. , HOWARD J. A. K. , NUNN C. M. , STONE F. G. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAddition of Pt(cod)2 (II) to the pentaheteronuclear cluster (I) affords the hexanuclear Pt3W3 complex (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chelate Stabilized Alcohol‐ and Alkoxo‐Platinum(II) Complexes. X‐Ray Crystal Structure of Cyclic (Pt(PPh2CH2CMe2O)2)·3.5 H2O.
Authors: ALCOCK N. W. , PLATT A. W. G. , PRINGLE P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the novel phosphine (III), prepared as shown, with the Pt complexes (IV) and (VIII) gives the cis‐ and trans‐derivatives (V) and (IX), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Mixed Pentafluorophenyl Platinum(I)‐Palladium(I) Derivatives.
Authors: USON R. , FORNIES J. , MARTINEZ F. , NAVARRO R. , CRUZ FRIAS M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 2:1 molar reaction of the trans‐Pt(II) complexes (I) with the dipalladium(0) complex (II) leads to the diphosphine‐bridged Pt(I)‐Pd(I) compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Neighbouring Group Participation in the Reduction of the Diterpenoid Fujenal.
Authors: BAYNHAM M. K. , DICKINSON J. M. , HANSON J. R. , HITCHCOCK P. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReduction of the title compound (I) with the bulky tri‐tert.‐butoxyaluminum hydride yields the carboxylic acid (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective (2.3) Wittig Ring Contraction Induced by Chiral Bases. The Total Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of (+)‐Aristolactone.
Authors: MARSHALL J. A. , LEBRETON J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe macrocyclic allyl propargyl ether (I) is subjected to enantioselective ring contraction in the presence of chiral lithium amides to produce the enantiomeric hydroxycycloalkenynes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Impurity Doping During Si Epitaxy by Means of CO2 Laser CVD.
Authors: MEGURO T. , OKABAYASHI O. , ITOH T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractP‐doped n‐type single crystalline Si has been grown on (100) Si using SiH4 containing PH3 (20‐2000 ppm) as a donor impurity.
Potassium‐Based α‐Manganese Dioxide Nanofiber Binder‐Free Self‐Supporting Electrodes: A Design Strategy for High Energy Density Batteries
Authors: Poyraz Altug S. , Huang Jianping , Wu Lijun , Bock David C. , Zhu Yimei , Marschilok Amy C. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis work minimizes the passive components of electrodes and moves toward bridging the gap between actual and theoretical battery gravimetric energy density. Binder‐free self‐supporting (BFSS) cathodes were prepared from redox‐active, high aspect ratio, potassium α‐MnO2 nanofibers (K‐OMS‐2) by eliminating the binder and current collector. The electroactive and structural element, K‐OMS‐2, was prepared by using a scalable, moderate temperature, aqueous synthesis. The BFFS electrode approach allows fabrication of thick, high energy density electrodes with low impedance, with up to 10‐fold improvement in delivered specific energy relative to conventional cathodes. This could enable the design of high‐capacity large form factor cells, as required for applications demanding high energy content. In principle, this approach suggests a widely applicable paradigm for the construction of other BFFS electrodes through the targeted synthesis of other transition‐metal oxides with high aspect, fibrous morphologies.
Calibration procedure for secular frequency scanning in ion trap mass spectrometers
Authors: Snyder Dalton T. , Pulliam Christopher J. , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: May 2016

RationaleMass spectra can be recorded using ion traps by scanning the frequency of an alternating current (ac) signal that corresponds to the secular frequency of a trapped ion. There is a considerable simplification in the instrumentation needed to perform such a scan compared with conventional scans of the radiofrequency (rf) amplitude. However, mass calibration is difficult. An algorithm that can be used to achieve mass calibration is investigated and the factors that affect ion mass assignments are discussed.MethodsTime domain data, recorded using a commercial benchtop linear ion trap mass spectrometer, are converted to the m/z domain using ion Mathieu parameter qu values which are derived from the dimensionless frequency parameter βu expressed as a continuing fraction in terms of qu. The relationship between the operating parameters of an ideal ion trap and the ion m/z ratio is derived from the Mathieu equations and expressed as an algorithm which through successive approximations yields the Mathieu qu value and hence m/z values and peak widths. The predictions of the algorithm are tested against experiment by sweeping the frequency of a small supplementary ac signal so as to cause mass‐selective ejection of trapped ions.ResultsCalibration accuracy is always better than 0.1%, often much better. Peak widths correspond to a mass resolution of 250 to 500 in the m/z 100–1800 range in secular frequency scans.ConclusionsA simple, effective method of calibration of mass spectra recorded using secular frequency scans is achieved. The effects of rf amplitude, scan rate, and ac amplitude on calibration parameters are shown using LTQ linear ion trap data. Corrections for differences in ion mass must be made for accurate calibration, and this is easily incorporated into the calibration procedure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Actual Long‐Term Survival Outcome of 403 Consecutive Patients with Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kang Mee Joo , Jang Jin‐Young , Chang Jihoon , Shin Yong Chan , Lee Dooho , Kim Hong Beom , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundDespite aggressive surgical resection, prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma is still unsatisfactory. There were limited data about actual long‐term survival outcome. This study was designed to explore actual long‐term survival outcome of hilar cholangiocarcinoma after surgical treatment, and to investigate the characteristics of patients with actual long‐term survival.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of 403 consecutive patients with at least 5‐year follow‐up after surgical treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma at Seoul National University Hospital between 1991 and 2010. Prognostic factors were analyzed with Cox proportional hazard models, and the effect of adjuvant treatment was evaluated by propensity score analysis.ResultsOf all patients, R0 resection rate was 41.2 and 63.8 % among intended curative resection. Adjuvant therapy was performed in 48.8 % after curative surgery. Actual 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 18.9, and 30.1 % after R0 resection. Actual 5‐year disease‐free survival rate was 25.8 % after resection. Adjuvant treatment improved prognosis in patients with positive metastatic lymph nodes (median OS 21.9 vs. 11.5 months, p = 0.003). Overall recurrence rate was 55.0 %, and distant metastasis (39.7 %) was more frequent than loco‐regional recurrence (20.8 %). Lymph node metastasis (p = 0.021) and poor histologic grade (p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors after curative resection. Patients who survived more than 5 years had less lymph node metastasis (p = 0.025), poor histologic differentiation (p = 0.010), R2 resection (p = 0.040), and recurrence (p < 0.001).ConclusionActual 5‐year OS rate after R0 resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is 30.1 %. Adjuvant treatment could be beneficial in patients with lymph node metastasis.
Student‐Athletes’ Views on APOE Genotyping for Increased Risk of Poor Recovery after a Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hercher Laura S. , Caudle Michelle , Griffin Julie , Herzog Matthew , Matviychuk Diana , Tidwell Jenna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUse of apolipoprotein E genotyping to personalize the risk of a poor recovery after traumatic brain injury is complicated by the potential for genetic discrimination and the potential to reveal an increased risk for late onset Alzheimer's disease. We developed a survey to gauge interest in testing among athletes participating in National Collegiate Athletic Association programs. Eight hundred and forty seven student‐athletes were surveyed to determine their interest in genetic testing, their willingness to share the results of testing with parents, coaches and physicians, their concerns about privacy and/or discrimination, and their interest in genetic counseling. Nearly three quarters of respondents expressed some level of interest in testing, with the largest number describing themselves as ‘possibly interested’ (54.9 %, n = 463) and a smaller number describing themselves as ‘very interested’ (18.9 %, n = 159). Most student‐athletes said that receiving secondary information about their risk for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease made them more likely to test (50.6 %, n = 426) rather than less likely to test (12.4 %, n = 104). Student‐athletes were open to apolipoprotein E genotyping and willing to share test results with their parents, coaches and physicians. They did not anticipate that test results would impact their behavior or ability to play. Testing programs may be welcome but should provide clear information as to risks and benefits.
A population study of respiratory rehospitalisation in very preterm infants in the first 3 years of life
Authors: Hong Timothy , Bolisetty Srinivas , Bajuk Barbara , Abdel‐Latif Mohamed , Oei Julee , Jaffe Adam , Lui Kei 
Published: May 2016

AimVery premature infants consume healthcare resources following discharge from neonatal intensive care units (NICU). This study aimed to evaluate the burden of respiratory related rehospitalisation within the first 3 years post discharge in very premature infants in an Australian population.MethodsRehospitalisation of a 4‐year cohort of NICU survivors, born less than 32 weeks gestation, was derived from data linkage of three state‐wide databases including NSW Neonatal Intensive Care Units' Data Collection, Admitted Patient Data Collection and the Death Registry. Rehospitalisation diagnoses were determined by ICD‐10 AM codes.ResultsOf the 2939 survivors, 525 (18%) had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and 261 BPD infants (50%) were discharged on home oxygen. Almost two‐third (1860, 63%) of the survivors are required rehospitalisation, respiratory causes, including 394 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐related, accounted for 2668 (48%) of the 5599 rehospitalisations. Significantly more home oxygen BPD survivors had respiratory (70%) and RSV‐related (22%) rehospitalisations than the BPD infants not needing home oxygen (58% and 18%, respectively), and the survivors without BPD had the lowest rates (32% and 10%, P < 0.001). Most respiratory (61%) and RSV‐related (74%) rehospitalisations occurred during the first 12 months post discharge. No RSV‐related fatality occurred. Amongst the total 17 562 hospital days, respiratory and RSV‐related admissions accounted for 10 905 (62%) and 3031 (17.2%) days. In multivariable logistic analyses, home oxygen and maternal indigenous status were independently associated with high (3 or more) respiratory and RSV rehospitalisation rates.ConclusionsRespiratory rehospitalisations are common in very premature survivors. Home oxygen and indigenous status are significant risk factors for respiratory and RSV‐related rehospitalisations.
A Closer Look at the Diffuse and Localised Necking of A Metallic Thin Sheet: Evolution of the Two Bands Pattern
Authors: Bao C. , Francois M. , Le Joncour L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPlastic strain localisation in a sheet specimen was monitored by electronic speckle pattern interferometry during uniaxial tensile tests. The experiments were carried on in the diffuse and localised necking stages until fracture. A kinematic model, which is independent of material characteristics, was used to describe the whole strain rate field with two crossing localisation bands inclined with respect to the tensile direction. Then, the physical features of localisation, such as the width of the two bands, their inclination angles and their maximum strain rates are identified by least‐square from the displacements fields and their evolutions are followed from the onset of diffuse necking up to the failure. In particular, the effect of the average strain rate is considered and bandwidth evolution is analysed in detail.It was found that:

The band structure appears early, as soon as diffuse necking starts;
The separation, in terms of strain rate or bandwidth, of the two bands corresponds to the transition between diffuse and localised necking. The localised necking stage can be divided into two sub‐stages: in the first one, the two bands continue to evolve but at different rates, and in the second one, one of the bands stabilises. The transition between the two sub‐stages is influenced by the crossbeam velocity;
The inclination of the band leading to fracture remains quite stable, while the other rotates towards a situation perpendicular to the tensile direction;
The band width decreases exponentially versus the maximum local strain. The two bands follow the same evolution path, but one of them progressively lags behind the other until it stops deforming.
Although the average strain rate was only varied by a factor two, it was found that, when the strain rate increases, the two bands stay together longer and thus that the onset of localised necking is delayed.
Pronoun deletion in Hong Kong English and Colloquial Singaporean English
Authors: SCHRÖTER VERENA , KORTMANN BERND 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe question how substrate features and extralinguistic conditions interact in shaping contact varieties is an ongoing debate in the study of world Englishes. The present study tries to describe substrate influence by identifying an areally marked morphosyntactic feature, subject pronoun deletion, and comparing its occurrence and structural conditioning in two closely related varieties of English in Southeast Asia. Our results show that even in the typologically similar linguistic habitats of Hong Kong and Singapore, the different degrees of nativisation are reflected in the frequency and distribution of null subjects in the two relevant local varieties.
Iterative metal artifact reduction for x‐ray computed tomography using unmatched projector/backprojector pairs
Authors: Zhang Hanming , Wang Linyuan , Li Lei , Cai Ailong , Hu Guoen , Yan Bin 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:Metal artifact reduction (MAR) is a major problem and a challenging issue in x‐ray computed tomography (CT) examinations. Iterative reconstruction from sinograms unaffected by metals shows promising potential in detail recovery. This reconstruction has been the subject of much research in recent years. However, conventional iterative reconstruction methods easily introduce new artifacts around metal implants because of incomplete data reconstruction and inconsistencies in practical data acquisition. Hence, this work aims at developing a method to suppress newly introduced artifacts and improve the image quality around metal implants for the iterative MAR scheme.Methods:The proposed method consists of two steps based on the general iterative MAR framework. An uncorrected image is initially reconstructed, and the corresponding metal trace is obtained. The iterative reconstruction method is then used to reconstruct images from the unaffected sinogram. In the reconstruction step of this work, an iterative strategy utilizing unmatched projector/backprojector pairs is used. A ramp filter is introduced into the back‐projection procedure to restrain the inconsistency components in low frequencies and generate more reliable images of the regions around metals. Furthermore, a constrained total variation (TV) minimization model is also incorporated to enhance efficiency. The proposed strategy is implemented based on an iterative FBP and an alternating direction minimization (ADM) scheme, respectively. The developed algorithms are referred to as “iFBP‐TV” and “TV‐FADM,” respectively. Two projection‐completion‐based MAR methods and three iterative MAR methods are performed simultaneously for comparison.Results:The proposed method performs reasonably on both simulation and real CT‐scanned datasets. This approach could reduce streak metal artifacts effectively and avoid the mentioned effects in the vicinity of the metals. The improvements are evaluated by inspecting regions of interest and by comparing the root‐mean‐square errors, normalized mean absolute distance, and universal quality index metrics of the images. Both iFBP‐TV and TV‐FADM methods outperform other counterparts in all cases. Unlike the conventional iterative methods, the proposed strategy utilizing unmatched projector/backprojector pairs shows excellent performance in detail preservation and prevention of the introduction of new artifacts.Conclusions:Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of experimental results indicate that the developed method outperforms classical MAR algorithms in suppressing streak artifacts and preserving the edge structural information of the object. In particular, structures lying close to metals can be gradually recovered because of the reduction of artifacts caused by inconsistency effects.
Linear Additive Impacts of Arctic Sea Ice Reduction and La Niña on the Northern Hemisphere Winter Climate
Authors: Han Zhe , Li Shuanglin , Liu Jiping , Gao Yongqi , Zhao Ping 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Both Arctic sea ice loss and La Niña events can result in cold conditions in midlatitude Eurasia in winter. Since the two forcings sometimes occur simultaneously, determining whether they are independent of each other is undertaken first. The result suggests an overall independence. Considering possible interactions between them, their coordinated impacts on the Northern Hemisphere winter climate are then investigated based on observational data analyses, historical simulation analyses from one coupled model (MPI-ESM-LR) contributing to CMIP5, and atmospheric general circulation model sensitive experiments in ECHAM5. The results show that the impacts of the two forcings are overall linearly accumulated. In comparison with one single forcing, there is intensified cooling response in midlatitude Eurasia along with northern warmer–southern cooler dipolar temperature responses over North America. Despite the additive linearity, additive nonlinearity between the two forcings is identifiable. The nonlinearity causes midlatitude Eurasian cooling weakened by one-tenth to one-fifth as much as their individual impacts in combination. The underlying mechanisms for the weak additive nonlinearity are finally explored by transient adjustment AGCM runs with one single forcing or both the forcings switched on suddenly. The day-to-day evolution of responses suggests that the additive nonlinearity may arise initially from the forced wave dynamics and then be amplified because of the involvement of transient eddy feedbacks.
Development of a Low-Cost, Noninvasive, Portable Visual Speech Recognition Program
Authors: Kohlberg Gavriel D. , Gal Ya’akov (Kobi) , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives: Loss of speech following tracheostomy and laryngectomy severely limits communication to simple gestures and facial expressions that are largely ineffective. To facilitate communication in these patients, we seek to develop a low-cost, noninvasive, portable, and simple visual speech recognition program (VSRP) to convert articulatory facial movements into speech. Methods: A Microsoft Kinect–based VSRP was developed to capture spatial coordinates of lip movements and translate them into speech. The articulatory speech movements associated with 12 sentences were used to train an artificial neural network classifier. The accuracy of the classifier was then evaluated on a separate, previously unseen set of articulatory speech movements. Results: The VSRP was successfully implemented and tested in 5 subjects. It achieved an accuracy rate of 77.2% (65.0%-87.6% for the 5 speakers) on a 12-sentence data set. The mean time to classify an individual sentence was 2.03 milliseconds (1.91-2.16). Conclusion: We have demonstrated the feasibility of a low-cost, noninvasive, portable VSRP based on Kinect to accurately predict speech from articulation movements in clinically trivial time. This VSRP could be used as a novel communication device for aphonic patients.
Experimental provocation of ‘ice-cream headache’ by ice cubes and ice water
Authors: Mages Stephan , Hensel Ole , Zierz Antonia Maria , Kraya Torsten , Zierz Stephan 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThere are various studies on experimentally provoked ‘ice-cream headache’ or ‘headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus’ (HICS) using different provocation protocols. The aim of this study was to compare two provocation protocols.MethodsIce cubes pressed to the palate and fast ingestion of ice water were used to provoke HICS and clinical features were compared.ResultsThe ice-water stimulus provoked HICS significantly more often than the ice-cube stimulus (9/77 vs. 39/77). Ice-water-provoked HICS had a significantly shorter latency (median 15 s, range 4–97 s vs. median 68 s, range 27–96 s). There was no difference in pain localisation. Character after ice-cube stimulation was predominantly described as pressing and after ice-water stimulation as stabbing. A second HICS followed in 10/39 (26%) of the headaches provoked by ice water. Lacrimation occurred significantly more often in volunteers with than in those without HICS.DiscussionHICS provoked by ice water was more frequent, had a shorter latency, different pain character and higher pain intensity than HICS provoked by ice cubes. The finding of two subsequent HICS attacks in the same volunteers supports the notion that two types of HICS exist. Lacrimation during HICS indicates involvement of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex.
Headache in military service members with a history of mild traumatic brain injury: A cohort study of diagnosis and classification
Authors: Finkel Alan G , Yerry Juanita A , Klaric John S , Ivins Brian J , Scher Ann , Choi Young S 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Headaches after concussion are highly prevalent, relatively persistent and are being treated like primary headaches, especially migraine. Methods We studied all new patients seen between August 2008 and December 2009 assessed by a civilian headache specialist at the TBI Center at Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC. We report sample demographics, injuries and headache characteristics, including time from injury to headache onset, detailed descriptions and International Classification of Headache Disorders second edition primary headache diagnosis type. Results A total of 95 soldiers reported 166 headaches. The most common injury cited was a blast (53.7%). Most subjects (76.8%) recalled the onset of any headache within 7 days of injury. The most commonly diagnosed headache was a continuous type with migraine features ( n = 31 (18.7%)), followed by chronic migraine (type 1.5.1, n = 14 (8.4%)), migraine with aura (type 1.2.1, n = 10 (6.0%)), hemicrania continua (type 4.7, n = 12 (7.2%)), chronic cluster (type 3.1.2, n = 6 (3.6%)) and headaches not otherwise classifiable (type 14.1, n = 5 (3.0%)) also present. The most clinically important was a continuous headache with migraine features. Conclusion We present a series of patients seen in a military treatment facility for headache diagnosis after concussion in whom we found migraine, as well as uncommon primary headache types, at frequencies that were much higher than expected.