bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspective on procedural modeling based on structural analysis
Authors: Fita Josep Lluis , Besuievsky Gonzalo , Patow Gustavo 
Published: May 2017

<p>With the rise of available computing capabilities, structural analysis has recently become a key tool for building assessment usually managed by art historians, curators, and other specialist related to the study and preservation of ancient buildings. On the other hand, the flourishing field of procedural modeling has provided some exciting breakthroughs for the recreation of lost buildings and urban structures. However, there is a surprising lack of literature to enable the production of procedural-based buildings taking into account structural analysis, which has proven to be a crucial element for the recreation of faithful masonry structures. In order to perform an in-depth study of the advances in this type of analysis for cultural heritage buildings, we performed a study focused on procedural modeling that make use of structural analysis methods, especially in its application to historic masonry buildings such as churches and cathedrals. Moreover, with the aim of improving the knowledge about structural analysis of procedurally-recreated historical buildings, we have taken a geometric structure, added a set of procedural walls structured in masonry bricks, and studied its behavior in a generic, freely-available simulation tool, thus showing the feasibility of its analysis with non-specialized tools. This not only has allowed us to understand and learn how the different parameter values of a masonry structure can affect the results of the simulation, but also has proven that this kind of simulations can be easily integrated in an off-the-shelf procedural modeling tool, enabling this kind of analysis for a wide variety of historical studies, or restoration and preservation actions.</p>
Variational assimilation of IASI SO2 plume height and total column retrievals in the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull using the SILAM v5.3 chemistry transport model
Authors: Vira Julius , Carboni Elisa , Grainger Roy G. , Sofiev Mikhail 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. This study focuses on two new aspects of inverse modelling of volcanic emissions. First, we derive an observation operator for satellite retrievals of plume height, and second, we solve the inverse problem using an algorithm based on the 4D-Var data assimilation method. The approach is first tested in a twin experiment with simulated observations and further evaluated by assimilating IASI SO2 plume height and total column retrievals in a source term inversion for the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull. The inversion resulted in temporal and vertical reconstruction of the SO2 emissions during 1–20 May 2010 with formal vertical and temporal resolutions of 500 m and 12 h.The plume height observation operator is based on simultaneous assimilation of the plume height and total column retrievals. The plume height is taken to represent the vertical centre of mass, which is transformed into the first moment of mass (centre of mass times total mass). This makes the observation operator linear and simple to implement. The necessary modifications to the observation error covariance matrix are derived.Regularization by truncated iteration is investigated as a simple and efficient regularization method for the 4D-Var-based inversion. In the twin experiments, the truncated iteration was found to perform similarly to the commonly used Tikhonov regularization, which in turn is equivalent to a Gaussian a priori source term. However, the truncated iteration allows the level of regularization to be determined a posteriori without repeating the inversion.In the twin experiments, assimilating the plume height retrievals resulted in a 5–20 % improvement in root mean squared error but simultaneously introduced a 10–20 % low bias on the total emission depending on assumed emission profile. The results are consistent with those obtained with real data. For Eyjafjallajökull, comparisons with observations showed that assimilating the plume height retrievals reduced the overestimation of injection height during individual periods of 1–3 days, but for most of the simulated 20 days, the injection height was constrained by meteorological conditions, and assimilation of the plume height retrievals had only small impact. The a posteriori source term for Eyjafjallajökull consisted of 0.29 Tg (with total column and plume height retrievals) or 0.33 Tg (with total column retrievals only) erupted SO2 of which 95 % was injected below 11 or 12 km, respectively.
Anomalous winter-snow-amplified earthquake-induced disaster of the 2015 Langtang avalanche in Nepal
Authors: Fujita Koji , Inoue Hiroshi , Izumi Takeki , Yamaguchi Satoru , Sadakane Ayako , Sunako Sojiro , Nishimura Kouichi , Immerzeel Walter W. , Shea Joseph M. , Kayastha Rijan B. , Sawagaki Takanobu , Breashears David F. , Yagi Hiroshi , Sakai Akiko 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Coseismic avalanches and rockfalls, as well as their simultaneous air blast and muddy flow, which were induced by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, destroyed the village of Langtang. In order to reveal volume and structure of the deposit covering the village, as well as sequence of the multiple events, we conducted an intensive in situ observation in October 2015. Multitemporal digital elevation models created from photographs taken by helicopter and unmanned aerial vehicles reveal that the deposit volumes of the primary and succeeding events were 6.81 ± 1.54  ×  106 and 0.84 ± 0.92  ×  106 m3, respectively. Visual investigations of the deposit and witness statements of villagers suggest that the primary event was an avalanche composed mostly of snow, while the collapsed glacier ice could not be dominant source for the total mass. Succeeding events were multiple rockfalls which may have been triggered by aftershocks. From the initial deposit volume and the area of the upper catchment, we estimate an average snow depth of 1.82 ± 0.46 m in the source area. This is consistent with anomalously large snow depths (1.28–1.52 m) observed at a neighboring glacier (4800–5100 m a.s.l.), which accumulated over the course of four major snowfall events between October 2014 and the earthquake on 25 April 2015. Considering long-term observational data, probability density functions, and elevation gradients of precipitation, we conclude that this anomalous winter snow was an extreme event with a return interval of at least 100 years. The anomalous winter snowfall may have amplified the disastrous effects induced by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal.
Identifying and Prioritizing the Contributory Factors to the Early Internationalization of International New Ventures in Halal Food Industry
Authors: Rezvani Mehran , Davari Ali , Parvaneh Nazanin 
Published: May 2017

This study seeks to identify and prioritize the determining factors in the early internationalization of international new ventures in Halal food industry. In terms of nature and objective, this is an applied research employing quantitative methods. The process consists of two steps. First, the most important factors in the early internationalization of new ventures were identified through an inquiry into previous literature. Then, a questionnaire was devised and distributed among 80 managers and experts working in new Halal food ventures. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed by PLS and SPSS software. Results indicate that factors such as the managerial characteristics, the company features, the network, the industry features, technology, company resources, country features, advertisement and the knowledge as well as Halal brands (form the participants’ perspective) have respectively contributed to the early internationalization of international new ventures in Halal food industry in Iran.
Hva er yrkesdidaktikk i dagens yrkesopplæring i skole?
Authors: Hansen Kari Henriette 
Published: May 2017

I dag forventes det at yrkesfaglæreren kan tilrettelegge og lede opplæring mot mange og ulike yrker og fagbrevområder som elevene utdanner seg til i en og samme klasse. Forskning og evaluering etter Kunnskapsløftet KL (06) viser store didaktiske utfordringer i dagens yrkesopplæring, både første året i videregående kurs 1 (Vg1) og i flere av de brede videregående kurs 2 (Vg2). Det er derfor et behov for å diskutere hva som skal til for å utvikle en relevant og fremtidsrettet yrkesopplæring for alle elevene i skolen. De brede utdanningsprogrammene har ført til at mange elever i Vg1 må gjennomgå moduler av utvalgte yrker, selv om de har bestemt seg for et yrke når de begynner i videregående. I Vg2 risikerer elever å komme opp til eksamen i et annet yrke enn det de har fått lærlingplass i.Formålet med artikkelen er å diskutere hva yrkesdidaktikken bør inneholde for å være et nyttig redskap i utvikling av yrkeskompetanse og relevans, demokrati og elevmedvirkning i yrkesopplæringen.Grunnlaget for denne artikkelen, baserer seg på funn fra et treårig FoU-samarbeid med et tverrfaglig lærerteam innen bygg- og anleggsteknikk. Metodene som brukes i studien er elektronisk spørreundersøkelse blant elever og gruppeintervju med yrkesfaglærere. Funnene fra forskningsarbeidet viser at innholdet i yrkesdidaktikken bør endres for å sikre kvalitet i yrkesopplæringens Vg1 og brede Vg2, og for å sikre relevans i yrkesfaglærerutdanningene.
Ontogenetic changes in crown architecture and leaf arrangement: effects on light capture efficiency in three tree species differing in leaf longevity
Authors: Escudero Alfonso , del Río Teresa , Sánchez‐Zulueta Paula , Mediavilla Sonia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPronounced strategy shifts along ontogeny have been observed in several tree species, mainly because of the trend to maximize growth during the seedling stage, which constitutes the most vulnerable part of the tree's life cycle. Our aim here was to analyze the ontogenetic changes in crown characteristics and light capture patterns in three Quercus species: the evergreens Quercus ilex and Quercus suber and the deciduous Quercus faginea co‐occurring in a Mediterranean open woodland. The seedlings were distributed in the large clearings among the adults and received full sunlight. We constructed three‐dimensional models of the aerial parts of seedlings and mature trees of the three species, using the YplantQMC program. Large differences between growth stages were observed for all variables. The seedlings exhibited smaller branch sizes and crown densities than those observed in the adult trees. Leaf angles to horizontal also tended to increase during ontogeny, whereas leaf dispersion and the observed distances between leaves tended to decrease. The amount of photosynthetic radiation absorbed per unit leaf area throughout the growing season was lower in adult specimens than in young specimens. Changes in absorption efficiency during ontogeny were more intense for the species with longer leaf life span at maturity. We conclude that more intense ontogenetic shifts in species with longer leaf life span reflect the priority change from the maximization of short‐term productivity at the seedling stage to maximizing leaf longevity during the adult stage.
Prospects for rare and forbidden hyperon decays at BESIII
Authors: Li Hai-Bo 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The study of hyperon decays at the Beijing Electron Spectrometer III (BESIII) is proposed to investigate the events of J/ψ decay into hyperon pairs, which provide a pristine experimental environment at the Beijing Electron–Positron Collider II. About 106–108 hyperons, i.e., Λ, Σ, Ξ, and Ω, will be produced in the J/ψ and ψ(2S) decays with the proposed data samples at BESIII. Based on these samples, the measurement sensitivity of the branching fractions of the hyperon decays is in the range of 10−5–10−8. In addition, with the known center-of-mass energy and “tag technique”, rare decays and decays with invisible final states can be probed.
Investigations on the Crystal Structure and the Stability Field of FCAM-I (Ca3MgAl6Fe10O28), an Iso-structure to SFCA-I
Authors: Zöll Klaus , Manninger Tanja , Kahlenberg Volker , Krüger Hannes , Tropper Peter 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In a study on parts of the system Fe2O3-CaO-Al2O3-MgO, the previously unknown compound Ca3MgAl6Fe10O28 or FCAM-I (iso-structural with SFCA-I) has been synthesized. The two principal aims of our investigations have been (i) analysis of the stability field of the new phase as a function of T and fO2 and (ii) determination of its crystal structure. Two experimental series in air and under controlled oxygen fugacity via the hematite-magnetite buffer were conducted. Pure polycrystalline FCAM-I has been obtained at 1463.15 K (1190 °C) in air. While increasing the temperature from 1573.15 K to 1673.15 K (1300 °C to 1400 °C), the FCAM-I phase breaks down forming a variety of new compounds depending on T and fO2. Ca3MgAl6Fe10O28 has a triclinic crystal structure (space group P

$$ \overline{1} $$

1
¯

). Basic crystallographic data are as follows: a = 10.2980(4) Å, b = 10.4677(4) Å, c = 11.6399(4) Å, α = 94.363(3)°, β = 111.498(3)°, γ = 109.744(3)°, V = 1069.81(7) Å3, Z = 2.
In silico analysis of Shiga toxins (Stxs) to identify new potential vaccine targets for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Golshani Maryam , Oloomi Mana , Bouzari Saeid 
Published: May 2017

AbstractShiga toxins belong to a family of structurally and functionally related toxins serving as the main virulence factors for pathogenicity of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) associating with Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). At present, there is no effective treatment or prevention for HUS. The aim of the present study was to find conserved regions within the amino acid sequences of Stx1, Stx2 (Shiga toxin) and their variants. In this regard, In-silico identification of conformational continuous B cell and T-cell epitopes was performed in order to introduce new potential vaccine candidates. 93–100% Homology was observed in Stx1 and its variants. In Stx2 and its variants, 69–100% homology was shown. By sequence alignment with Stx1 and Stx2, 54% homology was detected. T-cell epitope identification in Stx1A and Stx2A epitopes with highest binding affinity for each HLA (human leukocyte antigen) was demonstrated with 100% identity among all Stxs. B-cell epitope prediction was resulted in finding of four common epitopes between Stxs. In silico analysis of Stxs was resulted to identification of new peptide targets that could be used in development of new epitope vaccine candidates or in immunodiagnostic tests.
Politics, Privileges, and Loyalty in the Zimbabwe National Army
Authors: Maringira Godfrey 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:In postcolonial Africa, the military has become an actor in politics, often in ways that can be described as unprofessional. This paper focuses on the manner in which the Zimbabwean National Army (ZNA) has become heavily politicized since independence, directly supporting the regime of President Robert Mugabe while denigrating the opposition political party. The military metamorphosed, to all intents, into an extension of President Mugabe’s political party, the ZANU-PF. I argue that even though the military is expected to subordinate itself to a civilian government, the ZNA is highly unprofessional, in- and outside the army barracks. The ways in which politics came to be mediated by army generals, as “war veterans” serving in the military, directly influenced not only how soldiers who joined the army in postindependence Zimbabwe were promoted and demoted, but how they lived their lives as soldiers in the army barracks. This article is based on fifty-eight life histories of army deserters living in exile in South Africa.
Contentious Land Narratives and the Nonescalation of Election Violence: Evidence from Kenya’s Coast Region
Authors: Klaus Kathleen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:This article examines the puzzle of the nonescalation of electoral violence. Drawing on evidence from Kenya’s Coast and Rift Valley regions, the article argues that land narratives along the coast create few motives for people to participate in electoral violence because residents do not link their land rights with electoral outcomes. Politicians thus have far less power to use land narratives to organize violence. Two factors help account for this regional variation between the Rift Valley and the Coast: the strength of the political patron and the proportion of “outsiders” relative to “insiders.”
“The Clave Comes Home”: Salsa Dance and Pan-African Identity in Ghana
Authors: Carwile Christey 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:While salsa dance is popularly, and now globally, understood to be a symbol and expression of Latin identity, its adoption in non-Latin contexts has produced new meanings and cultural configurations. This is particularly the case in West Africa, where salsa is not only catching on among urban youth, but is becoming understood and approached from an African perspective. This article explores the ways in which salsa dance in Ghana serves as an innovative, embodied expression of a contemporary, pan-African identity. This is seen in Ghanaian dancers’ ideological reinvigoration of salsa’s African history and in the physical incorporation of local styles and presentations. Salsa in Ghana is recast through global networks, which in turn contributes to its global character while refashioning it to better suit local motives and desires. Thus, rather than emphasizing salsa’s African roots alone, dancers in Ghana equally engage with the complexroutesof the dance.
Traumatic Brain Injury in the Workplace
Authors: Paci Michael , Infante-Rivard Claire , Marcoux Judith 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectives:Work-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are not well documented in the literature. Published studies mostly rely on worker databases that fail to provide clinically relevant information. Our objective is to describe the characteristics of hospitalized patients and their work-related TBI.Methods:We used the Québec provincial trauma and TBI program databases to identify all patients with a diagnosis of work-related TBI admitted to the Montreal General Hospital, a level 1 trauma center, between 2000 and 2014. Data from their medical records were extracted using a predetermined information sheet. Simple descriptive statistics (means and percentages) were used to summarize the data.Results:A total of 285 cases were analyzed. Workplace TBI patients were middle-aged (mean, 43.62 years), overwhelmingly male (male:female 18:1), mostly healthy, and had completed a high school level education. Most workers were from the construction industry; falling was the most common mechanism of injury. The majority of patients (76.8%) presented with a mild TBI; only a minority (14%) required neurosurgery. The most common finding on computed tomography was skull fracture. The median length of hospitalization was 7 days, after which most patients were discharged directly home. A total of 8.1% died of their injuries.Conclusions:Our study found that most hospitalized victims of work-related TBI had mild injury; however, some required neurosurgical intervention and a non-negligible proportion died of their injury. Improving fall prevention, accurately document helmet use and increasing the safety practice in the construction industry may help decrease work-related TBI burden.
THE INSTABILITY OF JOHN RAWLS'S “STABILITY FOR THE RIGHT REASONS”
Authors: Chung Hun 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTJohn Rawls's most mature notion of political order is “stability for the right reasons.” Stability for the right reasons is the kind of political order that Rawls hoped a well-ordered society could ideally achieve. In this paper, I demonstrate through the tools of modern game theory, theinstabilityof “stability for the right reasons.” Specifically, I will show that a well-ordered society can completely destabilize by the introduction of an arbitrarily small number of non-compliers whenever individuals fail to achieve full common knowledge ever so slightly.
The First Missionaries of The Church Missionary Society in Sierra Leone, 1804–1816: A Biographical Approach
Authors: Keefer Katrina H.B. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:Many early records in West Africa arise from missionary accounts. While they may contain rich ethnographic data, this detail should be approached only after analysis and consideration of the authors of the sources in question. In early Sierra Leone, important data was recorded on behalf of the English evangelical Church Missionary Society, but the missionaries reporting on the ground comprised an insufficiently studied group of German-speaking Pietist Lutherans originating from central and northern Europe. This article analyzes the authors of this information in order to approach their accounts with a better appreciation of existing bias and to better engage with how diverse sociocultural perspectives affect the historical record.
Feeding strategies for reducing nitrogen excretion in New Zealand milk production
Authors: Wilkinson J.M. , Waldron L.A. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe concentration of crude protein in grazed New Zealand pasture is typically in excess of 200 g/kg DM, which exceeds the requirement of the dairy cow and is reflected in elevated levels of daily urinary nitrogen (N) excretion, estimated to average 262 g N/head or 751 kg N/ha. This has adverse environmental consequences, including leaching of nitrate from soil into water courses and atmospheric emissions of nitrous oxide. Problems associated with pasture as the sole feed for dairy cows include weight loss in early lactation, poor fertility and reduced lactation length. Low-protein supplements can reduce N excretion rates and increase N use efficiency. A simple feeding strategy is proposed in which pasture is supplemented with maize or whole-crop wheat silage at 5 kg DM/cow per day from the start of the pre-calving dry period on winter run-off pasture to 100 days post-calving, and from 250 days post-calving to the end of lactation. The expected response, at an assumed substitution rate of 0.7 kg decrease in pasture intake per kg silage DM, is an increase in metabolisable energy of 10 to 15 MJ/cow/day, equivalent to 33 to 48 g milk solids (MS)/kg DM of supplement. This strategy is expected to result in significantly lower urinary N excretion by the cow. Actual responses in daily milk output, from published experiments where grazing stocking rates were increased to take account of reduced herbage intake, ranged from 50 to 100 g MS/kg DM of supplement. Other benefits include early lactation bodyweight maintenance, higher percentage of cows calved which are pregnant at 150 days in milk and increased lactation period. Constraints for farmers to implement such changes include cost of silage, value of milk sold, failure to integrate forage maize or wheat in rotational cropping with pasture, and the relatively poor aerobic stability of maize and whole-crop wheat silages.
When unforeseen events become strategic
Authors: Vinther Larsen Mette , Gulddahl Rasmussen Jørgen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article acknowledges that strategising processes revolve around allowing for continual shifts in an uncertain environment to constructively shape the ways in which managers strategise. The research question pursued in this article is: ‘How do unforeseen events shape managerial strategising?’ The theoretical background for this article is inspired by research done within the strategy-as-practice and strategy-in-practice communities and uses concepts such as strategic intent, wayfinding/wayfaring and temporal work to explore how the managers from the small Danish Software Company cooperated with actors in the mining industry. This cooperation was initially perceived as an unforeseen event but, incrementally and retrospectively, it became strategic. The main theoretical and practice-anchored findings draw attention to the roles that unforeseen events can play in shaping strategising. These findings underline the significance of prioritising micro-founded actions carried out contextually by strategists when learning more about the who, what and how of strategising.