bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Study on Miscible and Immiscible Gas Injection Pilots in Middle East Carbonate Reservoir in an Offshore Environment
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Agrawal Pawan , Draoui Elyes 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Hydrocarbon gas injection is the most widely applied process after waterflooding, and is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) injectant for use in Middle East carbonate oil fields. Gas injection improves microscopic displacement efficiency and generally acts as pressure maintenance; however, unfavorable mobility ratio can negatively impact the ultimate recovery due to viscous fingering and gravity override.
This paper describes two gas injection pilots that have been implemented in offshore Middle-East carbonate reservoirs, a secondary and a tertiary gas injection through line drive to assess injectivity, productivity, macroscopic sweep efficiency, flow assurance and operational efficiency in a field that has long water-injection history. A strong monitoring plan, including an observer well, was applied through time-lapse saturation logging, pressure measurements, production testing, tracer campaign, etc. to evaluate the pilot efficiency and address key uncertainties upfront prior to full-field application.
This paper describes the pilot performance in the context of full-field development, local and macroscopic displacement efficiency, flow assurance issues, and operational learnings. The gas injection performance is strongly impacted by reservoir heterogeneity, gravity segregation and the existing pressure gradient, and the history match performed indicates near-miscible or miscible behavior depending upon local pressure regimes, which thus govern the ultimate recovery. The history match also shows that for the same pilot, performance can be further improved through water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection, resulting in a viable development scheme for full-field implementation.
WellCON: Early Kick Detection System Extended to Kill Sheet
Authors: Velmurugan Naveen , Bansal Gopal , Sharma Tushar 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The work described in this paper is an extension of one part of the early kick detection system WellCON created by the authors of this paper. The work aims at the working of the gas kick detection system of WellCON and extend it to the preparation of a kill sheet by the model which provides information regarding the kill mud density, maximum limit of kill mud density, circulation pressures, time to bit to circulate the kill mud, etc. Physical phenomenon of sonic wave propogation in a medium is the basis of the work which provides information about the wellbore based on the travel time of these waves. This work aims at automation of the BOP closure procedures based on the early kick detection and also provide with the required information to kill the well. This faster and automated procedure is expected to help provide a safe working place and also minimize the loss due to kicks.
Flow Accelerated Corrosion in Boilers/HRSGs
Authors: Shashidhar V , Patnaik Debi 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Combined life cycle heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) play a vital role in energy efficiency, reducing green house effect. More than 40% of Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) tube failures are due to Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC).The FAC phenomenon occurs in carbon & low alloy steels, with poor chemical treatment & design. Identification, mitigation & preventive action of FAC is vital to improve boiler performance. This paper provides some insight to factors influencing FAC & their control through a case study at Qatargas.
Fluid Field Analysis and Parameter Optimization of a Coalescence-Cyclone Separator
Authors: Zhao Lixin , Zhao Wenjun , Xu Baorui , Jiang Minghu 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In order to improve the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone, a new type of cyclone separator is proposed. According to computational fluid dynamics method, a new cyclone separator, coalescence-cyclone separator, is numerically simulated by Fluent software based on a co-rotating outflow reverse-cone hydrocyclone, and is compared with the co-rotating outflow reverse-cone hydrocyclone. Inlet flowrate, inter oil volume fraction and tangential outlet split ratio of the coalescence-cyclone separator were researched.
The Impact of Increasing Depth and Diameter on Prediction of Flow Regime Transition in Deepwater Flowlines and Risers
Authors: Okereke N. U. , Kara F. , Omowunmi S. C. , Oyawale M. , Adefemi I. 
Published: December 2015

This work is based on simulation of a typical deepwater oil field in West-Africa over 1000m depth, which is subject to hydrodynamic slugging at its early life. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to simulate the impact of increasing depth and diameter on the field with the same fluid composition and slight variation in pressure and mass flow conditions.
Based on US MMS, fields found in water depth of 1000 ft (305m) and above are termed deepwater fields. Typically, for deepwater oil fields the ambient temperature is low giving room for formation of compounds such as hydrates and wax. Also of critical concern is the increasing depth associated with deepwater oil fields which leads to increasing hydrostatic pressure and its associated tendency for slugging formation. Increasing diameter has the tendency to lead to a drop in fluid velocity. However, there are still speculations as to the exact effect of increasing diameter on flow instability which is one of the main aspects of the present work [1].
An understanding of the multiphase flow phenomenon as well as the overall potential effects on the processing facilities is required in the design of the multiphase flowlines. An under-design or overdesign of the piping can be counterproductive and may significantly affect the process plant operability. Therefore emphasis is placed on understanding completely, flow assurance issues in the multiphase flow; especially slugging phenomenon as flowline-riser system diameter and depth is increased.
Development of Integrated Workflows to Increase the Value of Surveillance Data (iGEMS)
Authors: Al-Mohannadi Muna , Al-Kuwari Ahmed , Al-Mohannadi Abdulaziz , Al-Tayeb Amna , Al-Mannai Ahmad , Landis Lester , Nivarthi Sriram , Paez Rachel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn important objective of a surveillance programme for a gas condensate reservoir is to accurately assess reservoir pressure depletion over time. However, partial-to-complete isolation of zones throughout such a reservoir complicates the collection and interpretation of reservoir pressures from pressure transient analyses alone. As a result, production logs are run to obtain zonal flow contributions to understand the status of zonal pressure depletion. Understanding these zonal contributions and their implications on zonal pressures requires an integrated knowledge of the geologic and operational controls on flow.Integrated Geologic and Engineering Modeling Studies (iGEMS) is a workflow designed to provide this integration and, thereby, increase the value of surveillance data. iGEMS focuses on identifying well-level geologic and operation controls on flow. iGEMS uses an efficient process to rapidly create, run, and analyze single-well simulations that include the effects of boundary pressures and compositions inherent in the parent model.A case study utilising the iGEMS workflow is covered in this paper. This case study provides a specific example of how iGEMS teams identify geologic and operational controls on reservoir performance and develop a better understanding of zonal pressure differences. iGEMS provides insights on these controls by using reservoir modeling as a tool to integrate surveillance data, well logs, core data and geologic observations. Understanding what is controlling flow in the reservoir helps engineers, geoscientists, and petrophysicists make better operating decisions to maximise reservoir performance.
Integrated Study To Exploration Success
Authors: Kerboub Azibi Zohra 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper involves integration of data from various sources and of different scales (geology, seismic, borehole logs, cores and dynamic fluid information) which helps to properly characterize a reservoir and to build a reliable static model.
Reservoir characterization and modeling are most important part of all aspects related to the field development and also to the exploration. It can help to reduce the risks and to increase resources. It is an important multidisciplinary approach which allows reaching a reliable prediction and a better understanding of our reservoir and its heterogeneities which have a big impact on the fluid drainage.
This study consists in characterization and modelling the Triassic reservoirs of Oued Mya basin in order to define the best zones where to drill exploration and appraisal wells. The distribution of the reservoir sands across the field is considered to represent the greatest geological uncertainty in a depositional fluvial environment.
The deposition of the Triassic reservoirs occurred in an overall transgressive episode during the Late Triassic as fluvial valley fill and braid-plain quartz sandstones and eolian quartz sandstones. In such a system the channel sand-bodies display extensive heterogeneity and the prediction of net sand distribution is difficult.
According to the well logs evaluation those reservoirs are oil bearing in some studied wells, and some others are tight or water bearing situated structurally deeper. The sedimentological model which represents best the environment of our area of study subjected to the modeling would consist of two braided systems.
Environmental Footprint of GTL Fuel Usage
Authors: Viljoen J. H. , von Berg G. F. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
ORYX GTL, a joint venture between Qatar Petroleum and Sasol Synfuels International is located in Ras Laffan industrial city in Qatar. Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) is a technology to convert natural gas into high-performing, ultra-clean liquid fuels utilizing the Fischer-Tropsch reaction.
The objective of this paper is to share the results of the demonstration under local environmental and normal operating conditions of running diesel engines on GTL Diesel, and benefits identified.
The project was a coordinated effort between government departments, industry and academia, to run two controlled sets of diesel buses for a three month period; one set of ten buses on fossil fuel (conventional diesel) and the other set of ten buses on GTL Diesel in and around Doha, Qatar. The buses travelled approximately 10,000 km each. Experiments conducted included consumption monitoring, oil sampling and analysis, exhaust smoke testing, laboratory static engine testing and fuel characterisation. In order to maintain integrity of the results, an independent party was appointed to oversee the process.
Engine oil sampled from the buses fuelled with conventional diesel contained visibly higher levels of sediments and was more viscous compared to the engine oil sampled from the GTL fuelled buses. Smoke tests conducted on the GTL fuelled buses yielded significantly lower smoke density compared to the results from the conventional diesel fuelled buses. The results of the fuel consumption comparison between the two sets of buses, have been in line with expectations. The results from static engine laboratory testing has been very positive indicating lower emissions from the engines running on GTL fuel.
Based on the results, GTL fuel exhibits less engine wear, slower degradation of the oil, cleaner emissions, and similar consumption compared to fossil fuelled engines. The overall project has served to highlight to multiple parties in the community the benefits of GTL fuel.
This type of experiment was conducted for the first time in the conditions of the Arabian Gulf. It has demonstrated that GTL fuel is a viable alternative with environmental and operational benefits.
Operations Excellence Begins in Design
Authors: Qualls Wesley R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article will explore operational concerns common to the LNG industry and provide insight into analysis, methods and techniques to employ throughout the design process to help ensure trouble free life-cycle operation.
Achieving production and availability targets is paramount to the ultimate success of any LNG project. Both are important factors in any life-cycle economic analysis. Clearly, meeting these targets is in both the owner's and operator's best interest. For that reason, most major projects conduct detailed Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM) studies during design, both to gain comfort with the design and to satisfy project financiers. However, certain assumptions are implicit in any RAM study with some examples provided below. All contaminants have been identified and addressed to avoid foaming, degradation, accelerated or unexpected corrosion, freezing, or a failure to meet product specifications.Equipment and piping are sized to operate over the full range of feed and ambient conditions.Control valve sizes, trim selections and instrument ranges are adequate for the full range of conditions without resulting in process instabilities.Piping sizes, routing and supports are selected to eliminate or address transient conditions and unstable flow regimes.Storage and inventory requirements are sufficient to support initial startup and routine maintenance operations.
A general industry observation is that several key assumptions necessary to achieve the expected life-cycle RAM results are often incorrect. Since the expectations remain in place, operating companies are sometimes forced to address and correct design deficiencies. While some may be addressed through alternate controls, operational strategies, or otherwise simple fixes, others may require much more effort.
The focus on true operational excellence must begin early in the design phase and remain endemic throughout. This paper will focus on common design pitfalls and oversights within the LNG industry and present several methods or techniques to avoid. While the techniques/methods presented are not new or novel to the oil and gas industry as a whole, they are often not utilized within the LNG industry. In fact, in some cases, very well established techniques pioneered by previous engineering generations could be utilized to avoid design pitfalls are omitted entirely from the design process. This paper will focus on a few key methods and techniques to achieve design expectations and operational excellence.
Development and Qualification of a Next Generation Gas Tight Connection Incorporating Metal-to-Metal Technology
Authors: Bassarath W. , Lafuente M. , Branly R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Oil & Gas industry has an increasing demand for gas tight connections, particularly in deepwater applications such as in the Gulf of Mexico. These connections incorporate metal-to-metal seals and have been been motivated by wells requiring high-pressure completions/stimulations, drill stem testing, managed pressure/under-balanced drilling applications and wellbore cleanout assemblies. In response to customer requests, a new gas tight connection with a metal-to-metal rotary seal was developed. When developing this connection with high pressure gas tight capability, a no compromise approach was mandatory since safety and well integrity were primary concerns. This product can be utilized for both drilling and completion operations, so it represents a considerable cost saving due to improved operational efficiency.
This paper details the development and qualification of this new connection. In the development of this new connector Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used, resulting in a product that is a hybridized version of a premium double shoulder connection and the gas tight connection from a drill-pipe-riser. The connection therefore provides the high pressure capability of premium casing or tubing connections coupled with the robustness and increased torsional strength associated with a double shoulder rotary connection. Qualification of the new product was performed on the most critical sizes and involved industry standard physical testing including make & break, overtorque, combined loading and fatigue testing. In fact, a staunch safety commitment has allowed it to provide one of the highest operating margins of any gas tight connection and is qualified to 30,000 psi internal pressure and 25,000 psi external pressure. The full qualification results are detailed and discussed in the following pages.
Multiphase Acoustic Channel Characterization for Downhole Communication
Authors: Ahmad Talha J , Arsalan Muhammad , Noui-Mehidi Mohamed N , Black Michael 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Reservoir management and production optimization relies on acquiring reservoir data captured by different sensors, and adjusting fluid flow rate in laterals using flow control devices, all of which are permanently installed as part of a smart completion. One of the important challenges for the next generation of smart completions for advanced well architectures is downhole wireless communication, since umbilicals are undesirable because of high cost, reliability issues, complicated installation and maintenance. Although a number of technologies exist for wireless communication in vertical sections of the well using a tubular conduit (production tubing, casing) as the transmission medium, there is an absence of wireless communication method in the horizontal openhole section of the well.
This study investigates acoustics for wireless communication through multiphase flow in a pipeline. A laboratory test setup was built to investigate acoustic propagation through two-phase flow. The setup consists of a laboratory multiphase flow rig, acoustic transceivers, a digital communication system, and required electronics circuitry. The effect of various flow and communication parameters on acoustic data communication is studied.
The study shows that different multiphase flow parameters affect various distortion phenomena, including absorption, dispersion and ambient noise, which significantly impacts acoustic communication. Also the frequency content and spectrum of the transmitted signal affects the bit rate and communication range. The acoustic beam width and beam angle also has an important effect on dispersion and multipath propagation. Multiphase channel has a dispersive and non-linear nature and to reduce distortion phenomena and achieve better communication in flow, a number of advanced signal processing and communication techniques are proposed.
Taking Advantage of Web-GIS Technologies to Globally Manage Petroleum Asset Information
Authors: Amouroux Jean-Michel , Leclerc Jean-Charles 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The ability to access and share one valid and up-to-date technical information is a key element of our efficiency with the follow-up of our projects and operations. This will have a critical impact in case of incidents and/or crisis situations, as this could happen in sensitive areas like in the Middle-East or West Africa.
In case of a major crisis, we must be able to restore the access to the GIS data identified as critical within a time limit of 4 to 8 hours!
Amplification strategy to enhance speech perception in individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
Authors: Barman Animesh , Sinha Sujeet Kumar , Prabhu Prashanth 
Published: December 2015

Objective:
The present study was conducted to determine if low-cut modified amplification improved aided speech perception compared to standard NAL-NL1 prescriptive amplification in individuals with ANSD. The study further aimed to check the influence of the number of channels in a hearing aid on speech perception with low-cut modification of amplification.

Study design:
A total of 22 individuals with ANSD in the age range 15–42 years were recruited for the study. The unaided and aided speech identification scores were obtained with standard amplification and low-cut amplification settings in both a four- and a 16-channel digital hearing aid.

Results:
The results showed that low-cut amplification was slightly better than standard amplification for aided speech perception. Such an improvement could be attributed to the elimination of upward spread of masking during low-cut modification of amplification. In addition, improvement was greater with a four-channel hearing aid compared to a 16-channel hearing aid.

Conclusions:
The use of low-cut amplification with a low number of channels in the hearing aid for individuals with ANSD is recommended. However, further studies are essential to determine whether the slight improvement in aided scores with a low-cut fitting strategy leads to actual improvement in quality of life.
O PAPEL DO FALCÃO NA "NOVELA DO FALCÃO" DE G.BOCCACCIO
Authors: Andrade Souto-Maior Valéria 
Published: December 2015

<p><span>O presente texto aponta para a presença de um elemento que, na novela – definida teoricamente como gênero narrativo dotado de estrutura dramática – cumpre a tarefa de conduzir o conflito central ao seu ponto máximo. Designado como<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong>turning point</strong>, esse ponto – que marca o parentesco entre a novela e o drama – configura o momento em que o conflito transforma-se subitamente na sua própria resolução.</span></p>
O papel do sujeito nos estudos da linguagem
Authors: Juarez Rueda Strogenski Paulo 
Published: December 2015

<p>Os estudos da linguagem sempre apresentaram dicotomias do tipo forma/conteúdo, linguagem/língua, escrita/fala etc. Aqui, pretende-se enfocar uma outra dicotomia: a oposição falante/sujeito. Oposição muito mais filosófica do que formal, através da qual o sujeito é anulado pela maior parte dos estudos da linguagem que prefere se referir àquele que enuncia algo como falante, já que o conceito de “falante” é muito mais facilmente formalizável do que qualquer conceito de “sujeito”. O presente trabalho é uma releitura de um ensaio publicado no número 1 desta revista, com o título de <em>Linguagem e Sujeito</em>, através da qual procurar-se-á abordar algumas questões sobre o papel do sujeito,principalmente, na postura teórica de M. Bakhtin.</p>
A afetividade e a aquisição de uma segunda língua: a teoria de Krashen e a hipótese do filtro afetivo
Authors: Franscescon Cittolin Simone 
Published: December 2015

<p>O lado afetivo da aquisição de uma língua atrai a cada dia mais a atenção de pesquisadores. Resultados de pesquisas sobre a afetividade na aquisição de uma língua mostraram relações substanciais entre variáveis afetivas e proficiência. Variáveis afetivas como motivação, autoconfiança e ansiedade afetam a aquisição de uma segunda língua, tendo como efeito o aumento ou a diminuição da penetração de qualquer insumo compreensível que é recebido. Krashen acredita que professores podem fazer a diferença na motivação, nos níveis de ansiedade e na autoconfiança dos alunos através de um ensino afetivo, mantendo assim o filtro afetivo baixo. O ensino afetivo, então, representa a esperança de aperfeiçoar as atitudes, a motivação, a autoconfiança e os níveis de ansiedade, e consequentemente, o empenho tanto de alunos como de professores em fazer de uma aula boa, uma aula ainda melhor.</p>
A mãe da mãe da sua mãe e suas filhas: o passado revisitado sob a ótica feminista
Authors: Talhari Patrícia Bertachini 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este trabalho ressalta os aspectos feministas e comenta a recepção do grupo de trabalho (pós-graduação UFPR) ao que foi proposta a obra<em> A mãe da mãe da sua mãe e suas filhas</em>, de Maria José Silveira. A partir da noção de Pós-Modernidade e dos conceitos operadores do Feminismo e da Literatura Pós-colonial, reconhece-se essa narrativa como metaficção historiográfica, questionadora do cânone literário e das tradicionais visões sócio-históricas da mulher.</p>