bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and Sex Distributions of Age‐Related Biomarker Values in Healthy Older Adults from the Long Life Family Study
Authors: Sebastiani Paola , Thyagarajan Bharat , Sun Fangui , Honig Lawrence S. , Schupf Nicole , Cosentino Stephanie , Feitosa Mary F. , Wojczynski Mary , Newman Anne B. , Montano Monty , Perls Thomas T. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo determine reference values for laboratory tests in individuals aged 85 and older.DesignCross‐sectional cohort study.SettingInternational.ParticipantsLong Life Family Study (LLFS) participants (N~5,000, age: range 25–110, median 67, 45% male).MeasurementsSerum biomarkers were selected based on association with aging‐related diseases and included complete blood count, lipids (triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3, vitamin D epi‐isomer, diabetes mellitus–related biomarkers (adiponectin, insulin, insulin‐like growth factor 1, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproduct), kidney disease–related biomarkers (albumin, creatinine, cystatin), endocrine biomarkers (dehydroepiandrosterone, sex‐hormone binding globulin, testosterone), markers of inflammation (interleukin 6, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide), ferritin, and transferrin.ResultsOf 38 measured biomarkers, 34 were significantly correlated with age. Summary statistics were generated for all biomarkers according to sex and 5‐year age increments from 50 and up after excluding participants with diseases and treatments that were associated with biomarkers. A biomarker data set was also generated that will be useful for other investigators seeking to compare biomarker levels between studies.ConclusionLevels of several biomarkers change with older age in healthy individuals. The descriptive statistics identified herein will be useful in future studies and, if replicated in additional studies, might also become useful in clinical practice. The availability of the reference data set will facilitate appropriate calibration of biomarkers measured in different laboratories.
Provision of Patient‐Centered Transgender Care
Authors: Selix Nancy W. , Rowniak Stefan 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionTransgender individuals have unique health care needs and experience health disparities. There is an increased need for transgender health care services and primary care for this underserved population. However, provision of appropriate health care services for transgender persons requires cultural competency and skill on the part of the health care provider, and providers need specific skills to address the needs of this population.MethodsA review of the literature was performed by accessing CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases. Pertinent research was extracted and reviewed for relevance. References in these publications were reviewed to identify additional publications that address primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary care of transgender individuals. Articles that include prevention, screening, and treatment of health problems of transgender persons were identified.ResultsResearch on the health needs of the transgender population is limited. Whenever available, research findings that address this unique population should be incorporated into clinical practice. When research evidence is not available to address the unique needs of transgender individuals, research and clinical care guidelines from the general population may be applied for health screening and maintenance.DiscussionThis article provides information about primary care services for transgender individuals and seeks to improve awareness of the health disparities this underserved population experiences. Simple solutions to modify clinical settings to enhance care are provided.
Clinical Outcomes Following Covered Stent for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Perforation
Authors: Lee Wei‐Chieh , Hsueh Shu‐Kai , Fang Chih‐Yuan , Wu Chiung‐Jen , Hang Chi‐Ling , Fang Hsiu‐Yu 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate short‐ and long‐term outcomes of polytetrafluoroethylene covered stent for patients with coronary artery perforation.MethodsDuring April 2004 and February 2016, a total 48 patients underwent implantation using polytetrafluoroethylene‐covered JOSTENT GraftMaster stents (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) in the native coronary arteries implantation for coronary artery perforation. Clinical outcomes such as target lesion revascularization (TLR), myocardial infarction (MI), definite or possible stent thrombosis, cardiovascular mortality, and all‐cause mortality were analyzed.ResultsThe average age of study patients was 68.02 ± 13.49 years, and the majorities were men (76.6%). The most frequent devices cause of perforation were stents (37.5%). Eighteen patients (37.5%) experienced cardiac tamponade and 20 patients (41.7%) underwent emergent pericardiocentesis. Only 1 patient (2.1%) experienced emergent surgical repair after covered stent. At the 30‐day follow‐up, the rate of all‐cause mortality was 16.7% and cardiovascular mortality was 13.0%. At the 1‐year follow‐up, the rate of MI was 6.1%, the rate of TLR was 21.9%, the rate of definite or possible stent thrombosis was 15.6%, the rate of cardiovascular mortality was 22.0%, and the rate of all‐cause mortality was 26.2%. Between the patients with and without cardiac tamponade, patients with cardiac tamponade had higher cardiovascular mortality in 30‐day and also higher all‐cause mortality in 30‐day and 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionThe covered stent could solve emergent condition for patients with coronary artery perforation with high TLR and stent thrombosis rate at long‐term follow‐up. The patients with cardiac tamponade had worse clinical outcomes in 30‐day and 1‐year follow‐up.
Moving “Up and Out” Together: Exploring the Mother–Child Bond in Low‐Income, Single‐Mother‐Headed Families
Authors: Freeman Amanda L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBearing children is often viewed as negatively impacting the social mobility of low‐income single mothers. This analysis draws on 66 in‐depth interviews with low‐income, single‐mother participants in an antipoverty program in Boston. The author argues that the mother–child relationship is at the center of efforts by these single mothers to move out of poverty. Interviewees repeatedly expressed the primacy of their children's needs being met in order for them to move forward. Mothers tried to include their children in efforts to move out of poverty, thus fulfilling the role of a “good mother” while exhibiting proper behavior for a poor person trying to achieve economic independence. The data here highlight the limitations of policy initiatives that fail to acknowledge the centrality of children's well‐being to the lives of single mothers and suggest that the mother–child bond may be an untapped resource for policies and programs serving this community.
Paired Preference Tests: A signal detection based analysis with separate d′ values for segmentation
Authors: Zhang Xiaotian , Halim Jeremia , Wichchukit Sukanya , O'Mahony Michael , Hautus Michael J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConsumers gave graded preference responses to potato chips in a paired preference test. The graded responses were given to both the target pair under consideration and putatively identical “placebo” pairs of chips. From these data, a novel Signal Detection analysis was used. A model was developed giving a “magnitude of preference” distribution, for those consumers who preferred the first type of chip in the target pair and a second distribution for those who preferred the second type of chip. A second pair of distributions was generated for the two placebo pairs that had also been presented to the consumers. Using a signal detection paradigm, a value of d′ was computed for each chip, representing the difference between the preference distribution for the target pair (Signal + Noise) and its corresponding placebo pair (Noise). The analysis has the advantage that these dʹ values are not distorted by the responses of those consumers who had reported preferences for the placebo pair. This advantage is not a feature of the regular computation of d′ values based on the 2‐AC test.Practical applicationsPaired preference tests are an important part of the measurement of consumer acceptance. Unfortunately, they are prone to response bias whereby consumers report preferences for putatively identical products; they are responding to the test conditions rather than the sensory properties of the products under assessment. Using identical products as a control, the effects of this on the results for the two different products to be assessed can be analyzed. There are various statistical approaches and models for solving this problem. This paper introduces an improved form of analysis based on signal detection/Thurstonian modeling. The method provides more meaningful information regarding segmentation.
Unlocking opportunities in food design for infants, children, and the elderly: Understanding milestones in chewing and swallowing across the lifespan for new innovations
Authors: Cichero Julie A. Y. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntake of a variety of foods increases the likelihood of good general health. From as early as life in utero, humans are exposed to flavor. Further flavor imprinting occurs via breast milk, increasing the likelihood of acceptance of a variety flavors when solids are introduced. While first foods need to be smooth and runny, experience managing soft lumps is required for rudimentary development of chewing skills. Texture experiences are critical to providing building blocks for food acceptance and gradual increase in the range of food textures eaten. Persistence in offering flavors and textures on multiple occasions increases the likelihood of acceptance of new foods. Opportunities exist in novel food texture use and flavor bridging to improve food variety in children. During adulthood lifestyle changes impact on chewing and gastrointestinal efficiency affecting the variety of food consumed. Foods that are moist, and encourage the consumer to slow down and savor food may reduce diseases affecting the esophagus. The aging process sees an increase in medication use with an impact on reduction in saliva flow. Further, physiologic changes in taste and olfaction that occur with aging may see elders benefit from novel food design that utilizes the intact trigeminal system. New food design opportunities exist in the areas of carbonation, dissolvable solids, microencapsulation of flavor volatiles or pressurized carbon dioxide granules. The use of standardized nomenclature for food labeling, description, and measurement methods such as that used by the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative is advocated to accelerate food oral processing research.Practical applicationThe human feeding, chewing, and swallowing mechanism adapts and changes over the life span. There are opportunities to influence flavor development from as early as life in utero, and through milk feeds. Infants also need exposure to soft lumps to develop rudimentary chewing skills that lay the foundation for mature chewing. Melt‐in‐the‐mouth textures and familiar flavors can help children to bridge to new food and diminish development of picky eating. Similar textures can also be used for the elderly particularly if used with food flavors and compounds that excite the trigeminal system to promote increased food variety. Adults taking medication with dry mouth side effects benefit from moist foods. Special populations, such as those with swallowing difficulties, may benefit from use of micro encapsulated compounds that trigger the trigeminal pathway. Introduction of a food texture labeling system is advocated.
Hierarchical competitive ability and phenotypic investments in prey: inferior competitors compete and defend
Authors: Ramamonjisoa N. , Natuhara Y. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIt is commonly assumed that prey must make growth–defense trade‐offs when in the presence of predators under resource‐limited conditions. Thus, it is predicted that prey will allocate limited resources either to competitive phenotypes to grow or to defensive phenotypes to defend, but not both. Evidence from plants, however, has suggested that under strong selection prey might evolve phenotypes that allow them to simultaneously compete and defend. In a controlled laboratory experiment, we investigated phenotypic investment in asymmetrically competing tadpoles of Rhacophorus schlegelii (RS) and Pelophylax nigromaculatus (PN) in the presence and absence of predatory dragonfly larvae. We predicted that, because of differences in resource acquisition abilities, tadpoles would invest in competitive and defensive phenotypes differently, depending on their relative competitive ability in the presence of predators. RS was the superior competitor and depressed the growth of PN whether predators were present or absent. As expected, the inferior competitor (PN) responded to competition by elongating its gut in predator‐free environments. In contrast, the superior competitor (RS) did not respond to competition. In the presence of predators, both tadpoles invested in larger tails, a common defensive trait, while the presence of competitors did not influence tail size. When reared alone in the presence of predators, PN grew faster and tended to have a longer gut. In contrast to theoretical predictions, however, in the presence of both predators and competitors the inferior competitor (PN) still maintained the competitive (long gut) and defensive (large tail) phenotypes despite being depressed in growth. Optimal digestion theory suggests that gut elongation should enhance assimilation efficiency and energy gain. In this view, when a competitive phenotype also serves to benefit prey in predator environments, prey may be able to both compete and defend.
Chance in Darwinian Evolutionary Theory and British Romanticism
Authors: Burkett Andrew 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe following article investigates the unique epistemic changes in conceptions and representations of chance and causality that begin with the poetry and thought of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth (and first‐generation British Romanticism) and that are elaborated and expressed ultimately in Charles Darwin's theories of organic variation and evolution through natural selection. I argue that both Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere (1798) and Wordsworth's The Prelude (1805) rely on a shift from describing chance as an ontological concern to chance as a discursive matter. Drawing on Darwin's statistical projects from the 1850s and selections from his correspondence in which he begins to articulate his developmental theory of organic variability, I then reveal that Darwin too makes a similar intellectual leap from characterizing chance as event to theorizing chance as idea. As I propose, chance – as an epistemological or discursive matter – radically reconfigures both literary and scientific representations of causality produced during this period. The essay thus concludes by suggesting that the idea of chance infiltrates Romantic and Victorian depictions of the natural world so thoroughly that these representations are impossible without a reorganization of the clauses and stipulations of causality.
Inorganic Intentions: Organizing Form from Frankenstein to de Man
Authors: Sitter Zak 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhile Romantic organicism has long been an object of interest, this article argues that it is through the figure of the inorganic that Romantic writing grapples most revealingly with its ambivalence toward human intentionality. I first focus on William Lawrence's 1816 lectures at the Royal College of Surgeons and two contemporary texts – Coleridge's unpublished Theory of Life, and Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein – which respond to Lawrence's materialist thesis. Whereas the organic is predicated on the coordinated functioning (organization) of internally differentiated elements (organs), the inorganic is radically undifferentiated, its sheer sameness representing the primitive mass from which the organic springs and into which it threatens always to fall. The paradox of the inorganic is that it occupies both organicism's before and its after: the mechanical, the organic's familiar opposite term, lies at the pole of over – rather than underorganization. Shelley's tale reveals the precarious position of the human within the organic; nature's most highly organized product, the human is by that very fact the agent of its becoming‐inorganic. I conclude by showing that this same concern for the inorganic potential of human intention underlies de Man's influential critique of organicism. De Man's attempt to reclaim the category of intention from its New Critical assailants does not reject the organic metaphor but reconfigures it to incorporate rather the “structural intentionality” of the esthetic object.
Regolith breccia Northwest Africa 7533: Mineralogy and petrology with implications for early Mars
Authors: Hewins Roger H. , Zanda Brigitte , Humayun Munir , Nemchin Alexander , Lorand Jean‐Pierre , Pont Sylvain , Deldicque Damien , Bellucci Jeremy J. , Beck Pierre , Leroux Hugues , Marinova Maya , Remusat Laurent , Göpel Christa , Lewin Eric , Grange Marion , Kennedy Allen , Whitehouse Martin J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNorthwest Africa 7533, a polymict Martian breccia, consists of fine‐grained clast‐laden melt particles and microcrystalline matrix. While both melt and matrix contain medium‐grained noritic‐monzonitic material and crystal clasts, the matrix also contains lithic clasts with zoned pigeonite and augite plus two feldspars, microbasaltic clasts, vitrophyric and microcrystalline spherules, and shards. The clast‐laden melt rocks contain clump‐like aggregates of orthopyroxene surrounded by aureoles of plagioclase. Some shards of vesicular melt rocks resemble the pyroxene‐plagioclase clump‐aureole structures. Submicron size matrix grains show some triple junctions, but most are irregular with high intergranular porosity. The noritic‐monzonitic rocks contain exsolved pyroxenes and perthitic intergrowths, and cooled more slowly than rocks with zoned‐pyroxene or fine grain size. Noritic material contains orthopyroxene or inverted pigeonite, augite, calcic to intermediate plagioclase, and chromite to Cr‐bearing magnetite; monzonitic clasts contain augite, sodic plagioclase, K feldspar, Ti‐bearing magnetite, ilmenite, chlorapatite, and zircon. These feldspathic rocks show similarities to some rocks at Gale Crater like Black Trout, Mara, and Jake M. The most magnesian orthopyroxene clasts are close to ALH 84001 orthopyroxene in composition. All these materials are enriched in siderophile elements, indicating impact melting and incorporation of a projectile component, except for Ni‐poor pyroxene clasts which are from pristine rocks. Clast‐laden melt rocks, spherules, shards, and siderophile element contents indicate formation of NWA 7533 as a regolith breccia. The zircons, mainly derived from monzonitic (melt) rocks, crystallized at 4.43 ± 0.03 Ga (Humayun et al. ) and a 147Sm‐143Nd isochron for NWA 7034 yielding 4.42 ± 0.07 Ga (Nyquist et al. ) defines the crystallization age of all its igneous portions. The zircon from the monzonitic rocks has a higher Δ17O than other Martian meteorites explained in part by assimilation of regolith materials enriched during surface alteration (Nemchin et al. ). This record of protolith interaction with atmosphere‐hydrosphere during regolith formation before melting demonstrates a thin atmosphere, a wet early surface environment on Mars, and an evolved crust likely to have contaminated younger extrusive rocks. The latest events recorded when the breccia was on Mars are resetting of apatite, much feldspar and some zircons at 1.35–1.4 Ga (Bellucci et al. ), and formation of Ni‐bearing pyrite veins during or shortly after this disturbance (Lorand et al. ).
Pusey and the Romantic Poets: Some Links to Eucharistic Theology
Authors: Douglas Brian , Douglas Jane 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article examines some of the links between the nineteenth century Tractarian leader Edward Pusey and the Romantic poets, particularly Samuel Taylor Coleridge, in relation to eucharistic theology, especially Pusey's 1836 ‘Lectures on Types and Prophecies of the Old Testament’. Pusey's sacramental theology was affected by the Romantic poets in the expression of moderate realism which also played an important part in the Oxford Movement. Like the Romantic poets, Pusey saw nature as pointing to and conveying the presence of God and this had clear connections for Pusey to a moderate realist sacramental theology where the presence of the divine was known through the material: things like bread and wine and water.
Recommendations for pharmacological clinical trials in children with irritable bowel syndrome: the Rome foundation pediatric subcommittee on clinical trials
Authors: Saps M. , van Tilburg M. A. L. , Lavigne J. V. , Miranda A. , Benninga M. A. , Taminiau J. A. , Di Lorenzo C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is little published evidence of efficacy for the most commonly used treatments. Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct clinical trials on existing and novel therapies.PurposeIn order to address these issues the Rome Foundation and members of the Pediatric Committee of the European Medicines Agency formed a subcommittee on clinical trials to develop guidelines for the design of clinical trials in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The following recommendations are based on evidence from published data when available and expert opinion.Key recommendationsThe subcommittee recommends randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, clinical trials to assess the efficacy of new drugs. The combined endpoints for abdominal pain are a decrease in intensity of at least 30% compared with baseline and to meet or exceed the Reliable Change Index (RCI) for the sample. Stool consistency is measured with the Bristol Stool Scale Form (BSFS). The subcommittee recommends as entry criteria for abdominal pain a weekly average of worst abdominal pain in past 24 h of at least 3.0 on a 0–10 point scale or at least 30 mm in 100 mm Visual Analog Scale. For stool endpoints the committee recommends an average stool consistency lower than 3 in the BSFS during the run‐in period for clinical trials on IBS‐C and an average stool consistency greater than 5 in the BSFS during the run‐in period for clinical trials on IBS‐D. Changes in stool consistency are the primary endpoints for both IBS with diarrhea (IBS‐D) and IBS with constipation (IBS‐C).