bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A convergent depression vulnerability pathway encoded by emergent spatiotemporal dynamics
Authors: Hultman Rainbo , Ulrich Kyle , Sachs Benjamin D. , Blount Cameron , Carlson David E. , Ndubuizu Nkemdilim , Bagot Rosemary C. , Parise Eric , Vu Mai-Anh T. , Wang Joyce , Silva Alcino J. , Deisseroth Karl , Mague Stephen , Caron Marc G. , Nestler Eric J. , Carin Lawrence , Dzirasa Kafui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFluctuations in brain local field potential (LFP) oscillations reflect emergent network-level signals that mediate behavior. Cracking the code whereby these LFP oscillations coordinate in time and space (spatiotemporal dynamics) to represent complex behaviors would provide fundamental insights into how the brain signals emotional processes at the network level. Here we use machine learning to integrate LFP activity acquired concurrently from seven cortical and subcortical brain regions into an analytical model that predicts the emergence of depression-related behavioral dysfunction across individual mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress. We uncover a spatiotemporal dynamic network in which activity originates in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc, ventral striatum), relays through amygdala and ventral tegmental area (VTA), and converges in ventral hippocampus (VHip). The activity of this network correlates with acute threat responses and brain-wide cellular firing, and it is enhanced in three independent molecular-, physiological-, and behavioral-based models of depression vulnerability. Finally, we use two antidepressant manipulations to demonstrate that this vulnerability network is biologically distinct from the networks that signal behavioral dysfunction after stress. Thus, corticostriatal to VHip-directed spatiotemporal dynamics organized at the network level are a novel convergent depression vulnerability pathway.
mRNA processing in mutant zebrafish lines generated by chemical and CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis produces potentially functional transcripts
Authors: Anderson Jennifer L , Mulligan Timothy S , Shen Meng-Chieh , Wang Hui , Scahill Catherine M , Du Shao J , Busch-Nentwich Elisabeth M , Farber Steven A 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAs model organism-based research shifts from forward to reverse genetics approaches, largely due to the ease of genome editing technology, allow frequency of abnormal phenotypes is being observed in lines with mutations predicted to lead to deleterious effects on the encoded protein. In zebrafish, this low frequency is in part explained by compensation by genes of redundant or similar function, often resulting from the additional round of teleost-specific whole genome duplication within vertebrates. Here we offer additional explanations for the low frequency of mutant phenotypes. We analyzed mRNA processing in seven zebrafish lines with mutations expected to disrupt gene function, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 or ENU mutagenesis methods. Five of the seven lines showed evidence of genomic compensation by means of altered mRNA processing: one through a skipped exon that did not lead to a frame shift, one through nonsense-associated splicing that did not lead to a frame shift, and three through the use of cryptic splice sites. These results highlight the need for a methodical analysis of the mRNA produced in mutant lines before making conclusions or embarking on studies that assume loss of function as a result of a given genomic change. Furthermore, recognition of the types of genomic adaptations that can occur may inform the strategies of mutant generation.Author summaryThe recent rise of reverse genetic, gene targeting methods has allowed researchers to readily generate mutations in any gene of interest with relative ease. Should these mutations have the predicted effect on the mRNA and encoded protein, we would expect many more abnormal phenotypes than are typically being seen in reverse genetic screens. Here we set out to explore some of the reasons for this discrepancy by studying seven separate mutations in zebrafish. We present evidence that thorough cDNA sequence analysis is a key step in assessing the likelihood that a given mutation will produce hypomorphic or null alleles. This study reveals that alternative mRNA processing in the mutant background often produces transcripts that escape nonsense-mediated decay, thereby potentially preserving gene function. By understanding the ways that cells avoid the deleterious consequences of mutations, researchers can better design reverse genetic strategies to increase the likelihood of gene disruption.
Dual functions of Discoidin domain receptor coordinate cell-matrix adhesion and collective polarity in migratory cardiopharyngeal progenitors
Authors: Bernadskaya Yelena Y. , Brahmbhatt Saahil , Gline Stephanie E. , Wang Wei , Christiaen Lionel 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIntegrated analyses of regulated effector genes, cellular processes, and extrinsic signals are required to understand how transcriptional networks coordinate fate specification and cell behavior during embryogenesis. Migratory pairs of cardiac progenitors in the tunicateCionaprovide the simplest model of collective migration in chordate embryos. Ciona cardiopharyngeal progenitors (aka trunk ventral cells, TVCs) polarize as leader and trailer cells, and migrate between the ventral epidermis and trunk endoderm, which influences collective polarity. Using functional perturbations and quantitative analyses, we show that the TVC-specific and collagen-binding Discoidin-domain receptor (Ddr) cooperates with Integrin-β1 to promote cell-matrix adhesion to the epidermis. We found that endoderm cells secrete a collagen, Col9-a1, that is deposited in the basal epidermal matrix and activates Ddr at the ventral membrane of migrating TVCs. A functional antagonism between Ddr/Intβ1-mediated cell-matrix adhesion and Vegfr signaling appears to modulate the position of cardiopharyngeal progenitors between the endoderm and epidermis. Finally, we show that Ddr activity promotes leader-trailer-polarized BMP-Smad signaling independently of its role in cell-matrix adhesion. We propose that dual functions of Ddr act downstream of cardiopharyngeal-specific transcriptional inputs to coordinate subcellular processes underlying collective polarity and directed migration.
Distinct Solubility and Cytotoxicity Regimes of Paclitaxel-Loaded Cationic Liposomes at Low and High Drug Content Revealed by Kinetic Phase Behavior and Cancer Cell Viability Studies
Authors: Steffes Victoria M. , Murali Meena M. , Park Yoonsang , Fletcher Bretton J. , Ewert Kai K. , Safinya Cyrus R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLipid-based particles are used worldwide in clinical trials as carriers of hydrophobic paclitaxel (PTXL) for cancer chemotherapy, albeit with little improvement over the standard-of-care. Improving efficacy requires an understanding of intramembrane interactions between PTXL and lipids to enhance PTXL solubilization and suppress PTXL phase separation into crystals. We studied the solubility of PTXL in cationic liposomes (CLs) composed of positively charged 2,3-dioleyloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP) and neutral 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) as a function of PTXL membrane content and its relation to efficacy. Time-dependent kinetic phase diagrams were generated from observations of PTXL crystal formation by differential-interference-contrast microscopy. Furthermore, a new Synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering in situ methodology applied to DOTAP/DOPC/PTXL membranes condensed with DNA enabled us to detect the time-dependent depletion of PTXL from membranes by measurements of variations in the membrane interlayer and DNA interaxial spacings. Our results revealed three regimes with distinct time scales for PTXL membrane solubility: hours for > 3 mol% PTXL (low), days for ≈ 3 mol% PTXL (moderate), and ≥ 20 days for < 3 mol% PTXL (long-term). Cell viability experiments on human cancer cell lines using CLPTXLnanoparticles (NPs) in the distinct CLPTXLsolubility regimes reveal an unexpected nonmonotonic dependence of efficacy on PTXL content in NPs delivered at short time scales (hours) after liposome hydration, where we see two distinct high-efficacy regimes at low (< 2 mol%) and high (9 mol%) drug loading. These newly identified high-efficacy regimes flank the membrane solubility limit (≈ 3 mol%, where efficacy declines), which has been the focus of most previous physicochemical studies (and clinical trials) of PTXL-loaded CLs. At longer times scales (days), CLPTXLNPs with ≥ 3 mol% PTXL lose efficacy while formulations with 1–2 mol% PTXL maintain high efficacy. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding the relationship of the kinetic phase behavior and physicochemical properties of CLPTXLNPs to efficacy.
The impact of a novel transendometrial approach for caesarean myomectomy on obstetric outcomes of subsequent pregnancy: a longitudinal panel study
Authors: Huang SY , Shaw SW , Su SY , Li WF , Peng HH , Cheng PJ 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the obstetric and surgical outcomes of a novel transendometrial approach for myomectomy during caesarean section in subsequent pregnancies.DesignLongitudinal panel study.SettingChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, with approximately 5000 births per annum.PopulationPregnant women complicated with uterine myoma.MethodSixty‐three pregnant women who received transendometrial myomectomy during the first caesarean delivery reported a subsequent live pregnancy and planned an elective repeat caesarean delivery.Main outcome measuresObstetric outcomes consisted of gestational age at birth, newborn weight, Apgar score, birthweight adequacy, uterine rupture, placental abruption, placenta praevia, placenta accreta, spontaneous preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Surgical outcomes consisted of surgical time, blood loss, blood transfusion, postoperative fever, length of hospital stay and mean adhesion score.ResultThe mean gestational age at birth and newborn weight at the subsequent caesarean section were superior to those at the first caesarean delivery. Spontaneous preterm birth, small‐for‐gestational‐age infants and preterm premature rupture of membranes occurred more often in the first pregnancy than in the subsequent pregnancy. The mean surgical time was shorter for the subsequent caesarean delivery than for the first caesarean delivery combined with myomectomy. The other surgical composite outcomes of blood loss, blood transfusion, postoperative fever, length of hospital stay and mean adhesion score were similar across the two stages of caesarean deliveries.ConclusionThe novel transendometrial approach for caesarean myomectomy may improve the obstetric outcomes of subsequent pregnancy without causing any additional immediate and long‐term adverse surgical outcomes.Tweetable abstractTransendometrial caesarean myomectomy may improve future obstetric outcomes.
Risk factors for severe respiratory depression from prescription opioid overdose
Authors: Fox Lindsay M. , Hoffman Robert S. , Vlahov David , Manini Alex F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsPrescription opioid overdose is a leading cause of injury‐related morbidity and mortality in the United States. We aimed to identify characteristics associated with clinical severity in emergency department patients with prescription opioid overdose.DesignThis was a secondary data analysis of adult prescription opioid overdoses from a large prospective cohort of acute overdoses. We examined elements of a typical emergency department evaluation using a multivariable model to determine which characteristics were associated with clinical severity, specifically severe respiratory depression (SRD).SettingThis study was conducted at two urban academic emergency departments in New York City, USA.ParticipantsAdult patients who presented with acute prescription opioid overdose between 2009 and 2013 were included in the current study. We analyzed 307 patients (mean age = 44.7, 42% female, 2.0% mortality).MeasurementsPatient demographics, reported substances ingested, suspected intent for ingesting the substance, vital signs, laboratory data, treatments including antidotes and intubation and outcome of death were recorded by trained research assistants. Intent was categorized into four mutually exclusive categories: suicide, misuse, therapeutic error and undetermined. The primary outcome was SRD, defined as administration of either (a) naloxone or (b) endotracheal intubation (ETI).FindingsA total of 109 patients suffered SRD with 90 patients receiving naloxone alone, nine ETI alone and 10 both naloxone and ETI. The most common opioids were oxycodone (n = 124) and methadone (n = 116). Mean age was higher in patients with SRD (51.1 versus 41.1,P < 0.001). Opioid misuse was associated with SRD in the multivariable analysis [odds ratio (OR) = 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21–3.55]. The unadjusted relative risk of SRD was high for fentanyl (83.3% SRD) and lowest for codeine (3.6% SRD).ConclusionIn emergency department patients in the United States with prescription opioid overdose, worse clinical severity was associated with opioid misuse, increased with age and was widely variable, depending on the specific opioid medication involved.
PIN, Adjusted PIN, and PSOS: Difference of Opinion in the Korean Stock Market
Authors: Eom Kyong Shik , Kang Jangkoo , Kwon Kyung Yoon 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuarte and Young (2009) decompose the probability of information‐based trading PIN into adjusted PIN (AdjPIN) and probability of trading caused by symmetric order flow shocks (PSOS). We explore sources of PSOS in the Korean stock market and examine the relation between PSOS and stock returns. Using transaction data with trader types and initiator information, we find that AdjPIN is not priced, while PSOS is negatively priced, a finding that Lai et al. (2014) label “puzzling.” We find that the negative price of PSOS comes from differences of opinion among domestic individual investors on the significance of public news.
Pathways to arithmetic fact retrieval and percentage calculation in adolescents
Authors: Träff Ulf , Skagerlund Kenny , Olsson Linda , Östergren Rickard 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDeveloping sufficient mathematical skills is a prerequisite to function adequately in society today. Given this, an important task is to increase our understanding regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying young people's acquisition of early number skills and formal mathematical knowledge.AimsThe purpose was to examine whether the pathways to mathematics model provides a valid account of the cognitive mechanisms underlying symbolic‐number processing and mathematics in adolescents. The pathways model states that the three pathways should provide independent support to symbolic‐number skill. Each pathway's unique contribution to formal mathematics varies depending on the complexity and demand of the tasks.SampleThe study used a sample of 114 adolescents (71 girls). Their mean age was 14.60 years (SD = 1.00).MethodsThe adolescents were assessed on tests tapping the three pathways and general cognitive abilities (e.g., working memory). A structural equation path analysis was computed.ResultsSymbolic‐number comparison was predicted by the linguistic pathway, the quantitative pathway, and processing speed. The linguistic pathway, quantitative pathways, and symbolic‐number comparison predicted arithmetic fact retrieval. The linguistic pathway, working memory, visual analogies, and symbolic‐number comparison predicted percentage calculation.ConclusionsThere are both similarities and differences in the cognitive mechanisms underlying arithmetic fact retrieval and percentage calculation in adolescents. Adolescents’ symbolic‐number processing, arithmetic fact retrieval, and percentage calculation continue to rely on the linguistic pathways, whereas the reliance upon the spatial pathway has ceased. The reliance upon the quantitative pathway varies depending on the task.
Does Guaranteed employment promote resilience to climate change? The case of India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
Authors: Godfrey‐Wood Rachel , Flower Benjamin C. R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIndia's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is the largest labour guarantee scheme in the world, offering 100 days of paid labour to every rural household. This article reviews the growing evidence base, assessing the extent to which the scheme can be said to contribute to resilience to climate change, based on its effectiveness as a safety net and driver of household accumulation, its ability to create assets which build collective resilience, and its support for transformations of exploitative social relations. The article concludes that the MGNREGA has already made a major contribution to resilience, but requires improvements in governance and state capacity to maximize its contribution.
The impact of media on behaviour: Evidence from television coverage expansion and declining fertility in Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Rika Kumala , Suryadarma Daniel , Suryahadi Asep 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe media is increasingly recognized as playing an important role in affecting the behaviour of individuals. In this article, we examine the effect of an expansion of private television broadcast on fertility in Indonesia. Our district fixed effects estimation results show that increasing the share of population with access to private television by one‐standard deviation—from a 78% coverage to a universal coverage—reduces crude birth rate by 6.2%, equivalent to 190,000 fewer births. We find evidence that television causes an increase in the use of modern contraceptives, but no change in the use of traditional contraceptives. The finding that expanding television coverage increases the demand for modern contraceptives shows that policy‐makers need to ensure that modern contraceptive is easily accessible.
Prognostic relevance of oxidative stress measurement in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: D'Arena Giovanni , Vitale Candida , Perbellini Omar , Coscia Marta , La Rocca Francesco , Ruggieri Vitalba , Visco Carlo , Di Minno Nicola Matteo Dario , Innocenti Idanna , Pizza Vincenzo , Deaglio Silvia , Di Minno Giovanni , Giudice Aldo , Calapai Gioacchino , Musto Pellegrino , Laurenti Luca , Iorio Eugenio Luigi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic significance of oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant defence status measurement in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).Methodsd‐ROMs test and BAP test were evaluated at diagnosis of 165 patients with CLL and correlated with clinical‐biological features and prognosis.ResultsAn increased oxidative damage (d‐ROMs test) and a reduced antioxidant potential (BAP test) were found in CLL patients than normal controls (P<.0001). CLL patients with higher d‐ROMs values had higher number of circulating white blood cells and lymphocytes, and higher values of β2‐microglobulin. Higher d‐ROMs values were found in female (P=.0003), in patients with unmutated IgVH (P=.04), unfavourable cytogenetics (P=.002) and more advanced clinical stage (P=.002). Higher BAP test values were found in patients expressing CD49d (P=.01) and with more advanced clinical stage (P=.004). At a median follow‐up of 48 months, CLL patients with d‐ROMs ≥418 CARR U were found to have a shorter time to first treatment (TFT) (P=.0002), and a reduced survival (P=.006) than others. CLL patients with BAP test values ≥2155 μmol/L had a shorter TFT (P=.008) and a shorter survival (P=.003).ConclusionsOS can affect CLL patients by concomitantly increasing reactive oxygen metabolites production and decreasing antioxidant defences.
Retrospective analysis of distal limb conformation and lameness in mature horses after desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon for management of a flexural deformity
Authors: Tracey A. , McClure S. R. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryMature horses that present with flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint and lameness isolated to the foot may obtain long‐term benefits from desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (ALDDFT). This retrospective analysis of medical records and radiographs included 13 horses, aged ≥2 years, presented for lameness isolated to the hoof region and diagnosed with flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint. Radiographic angles of the hoof and distal interphalangeal joint and lameness scores were compared before and after desmotomy of the ALDDFT. Follow‐up data including the ability to perform the intended use were obtained at least one year after surgery. There was improvement in the angle between the dorsal aspect of the third phalanx and the weightbearing surface of the hoof, improved alignment between the dorsal hoof wall and dorsal aspect of the third phalanx, and improved alignment of the distal interphalangeal joint. Lameness was decreased in 9/13 horses and 10/13 horses were performing at their level of intended use. Evidence of improved hoof conformation and lameness following desmotomy of the ALDDFT in lame horses with flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint would indicate this procedure should be considered in mature horses.
Notalgia paresthetica: factors associated with its perceived severity, duration, side, and localization
Authors: Pagliarello Calogero , Fabrizi Giuseppe , De Felici Beatrice , Casanova Dahiana , Feliciani Claudio , Di Nuzzo Sergio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundNotalgia paresthetica (NP) is a disorder characterized by pruritus localized to the patient's back. Little is known about predictors of severity, duration, side, and localization.ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with perceived severity, duration, side, and localization of NP.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, disease severity, duration, side, and localization were compared among the considered variables. Multivariate analysis was used to assess each variable contribution in predicting disease severity and its duration.ResultsSixty‐five patients were recruited. Disease involved more female than male patients (Female/Male: 1.6) and after adjusting for all potential confounders, it was perceived as more severe in females (OR = 7.3, 95% CI = 2–26.3, P < 0.01). NP was reported more frequently on the right side among patients sleeping on the left side and conversely (P < 0.05). A higher disease duration was significantly linked to a higher body mass index (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.3–17.1, P < 0.05).ConclusionOur study linked female gender to worse disease severity, a higher body mass index to longer disease duration, and prevailing sleep position to NP side expression. The sleeping position should be considered a possible target for treating the disease.
Nursing Philosophy of community mental health nurses in Japan: A qualitative, descriptive study
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Hasegawa Masami , Nagayama Yutaka , Oe Masato 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe present study reports the findings of a qualitative, descriptive study that sought to clarify nursing philosophy for community mental health nurses (CMHN) working at independent psychiatric home‐visit nursing agencies in Japan. We carried out participant observation and semistructured interviews with 13 CMHN in rural and urban areas. We identified eight subthemes and three higher‐order themes based on these subthemes. CMHN embraced a nursing philosophy in which they: (i) have respect for consumers’ ways of life and their self‐realization; (ii) find harmony between view of life and work; and (iii) build communities where residents support each other beyond their roles. Together, these themes constitute a valuable nursing philosophy that supports the recovery of people with mental illness. The themes could also help educate professionals about principles and meanings relevant to recovery, which are regarded as key to changing the professional's care paradigm from a biomedical model to a recovery model.