bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fifty Years of Behavioral/Lifestyle Interventions for Overweight and Obesity: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Williamson Donald A. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThis paper reviews the literature pertaining to the structure and content of intensive lifestyle interventions (ILIs) for overweight/obesity since Richard Stuart described this new treatment approach in 1967. A consensus opinion has formed that behavioral/lifestyle treatment of overweight and obesity should be viewed as a mainstream intervention for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes and medical complications associated with obesity.MethodsThe development of modern ILIs and demonstration of their efficacy are compared by structure, content, and efficacy of four major randomized controlled trials: Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), Look AHEAD, POUNDS Lost, and CALERIE.ResultsThe results of these studies indicated that modification of lifestyle behaviors related to nutrition and physical activity can yield weight loss and prevention or improvement of a variety of medical conditions associated with obesity in a variety of subpopulations.ConclusionsRecommendations for the structure and length of behavioral/lifestyle interventions have been recently adopted by agencies and institutions that approve reimbursement for medical services. These recommendations represent a giant step in the effort to recognize ILIs as a mainstream approach for the treatment of obesity and comorbid medical conditions. Nevertheless, they do not adequately represent advances made since the publication of the DPP results.
Towards the circular economy: A commentary on corporate approaches and challenges
Authors: Jones Peter , Comfort Daphne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe concept of the circular economy is gaining momentum within the business world, and it is seen as an important element in the transition to a more sustainable future. Circular economies are built around a range of activities that look to reduce the demand for raw material inputs and natural resources and to recover, recycle, and reuse those inputs and resources as an integral part of the production process. As such, the concept of the circular economy restorative and regenerative and is contrasted, by its proponents, with the traditional “linear economy” that turns raw materials into waste in the production process and that is seen to lead to environmental pollution and the removal of natural capital from the environment. This commentary paper outlines the characteristic features of the concept of the circular economy, outlines how a number of companies are adopting circular economy approaches, and offers some general reflections on the application of the concept.
Risk for chromosomal aberrations in apparently isolated intrauterine growth restriction: A systematic review
Authors: Sagi‐Dain Lena , Peleg Amir , Sagi Shlomi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a systematic review examining the risk of chromosomal aberrations in apparently isolated intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).MethodsSearch was conducted by research librarian in 5 databases. By independent screening of 2894 references, 2 investigators selected original studies examining the risk of chromosomal aberrations in apparently isolated IUGR diagnosed at the second and third trimesters by using ultrasound. We excluded studies describing IUGR combined with additional fetal anomalies detected by ultrasound and those where fetuses with structural anomalies or aneuploidy were not reported.ResultsFourteen observational cohort studies were found, encompassing 874 apparently isolated IUGR cases. Mean rate of chromosomal aberrations was 6.4%, ranging between 0% (in 3 studies) and 26.3%. Only 2 articles examined apparently isolated IUGR diagnosed in the third trimester, encompassing a total of 32 pregnancies. Invasive testing of these cases yielded normal karyotypes. A single article analyzed 137 second trimester IUGR pregnancies, reporting 2 abnormal karyotypes of minimal clinical significance. Overall quality of existing evidence was defined as “very low.”ConclusionsDue to a limited number of cases and insufficient quality of evidence, high‐quality well standardized case‐controlled trials should be conducted, further exploring the risk for chromosomal aberrations in pregnancies with isolated IUGR.
Synthesis of a bio‐inspired catechol/phosphorylcholine surface modifier and characterization of its surface properties
Authors: Zhang Yucheng , Hirai Tomoyasu , Ma Wei , Higaki Yuji , Kojio Ken , Takahara Atsushi 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBiocompatible and blood‐compatible surface modification is urgently needed for stainless steel (SUS)‐based human implant devices to avoid inflammation and biofouling. To this end, the use of polymeric surface modifiers, whose surface properties are specifically tailored, is a promising approach since this approach minimizes the impact on device's mechanical properties. However, adhesion between the device and surface modifier is relatively weak, since van der Waals forces are employed, leading to low device durability. To address this issue, this work functionalized poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)‐b‐[poly(α‐chloride‐ɛ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)]2 (PCL‐b‐(PCL‐Cl‐b‐PMPC)2) with catechol groups via a nucleophilic substitution, whereby the catechol functionalization was optimized. The resultant surface modifier showed strong adhesion toward SUS surfaces, forming a smooth and uniform hydrophilic polymeric film that reduced SUS fouling (i.e., protein). Notably, no significant changes of adhesion between the SUS and thin films (thin film) were observed after immersion for 45 days in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 38–49
Hydrophilic domain structure in polymer exchange membranes: Simulations of NMR spin diffusion experiments to address ability for model discrimination
Authors: Sorte Eric G. , Abbott Lauren J. , Frischknecht Amalie L. , Wilson Mark A. , Alam Todd M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe detail the development of a flexible simulation program (NMR_DIFFSIM) that solves the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin diffusion equation for arbitrary polymer architectures. The program was used to explore the proton (1H) NMR spin diffusion behavior predicted for a range of geometrical models describing polymer exchange membranes. These results were also directly compared with the NMR spin diffusion behavior predicted for more complex domain structures obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The numerical implementation and capabilities of NMR_DIFFSIM were demonstrated by evaluating the experimental NMR spin diffusion behavior for the hydrophilic domain structure in sulfonated Diels‐Alder Poly(Phenylene) (SDAPP) polymer membranes. The impact of morphology variations as a function of sulfonation and hydration level on the resulting NMR spin diffusion behavior were determined. These simulations allowed us to critically address the ability of NMR spin diffusion to discriminate between different structural models, and to highlight the extremely high fidelity experimental data required to accomplish this. A direct comparison of experimental double‐quantum‐filtered 1H NMR spin diffusion in SDAPP membranes to the spin diffusion behavior predicted for MD‐proposed morphologies revealed excellent agreement, providing experimental support for the MD structures at low to moderate hydration levels. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 62–78
Perceived influence of psychological consultation on psychological well‐being, body image, and intimacy following bilateral prophylactic mastectomy: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Glassey Rachael , Hardcastle Sarah J. , O'Connor Moira , Ives Angela ,   kConFab Investigators, Saunders Christobel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored whether psychological consultation offered to women prior to bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) appeared to provide psychosocial benefit to younger women (<35 years) at high risk of developing breast cancer due to a mutation or family history.MethodsQualitative interviews guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis were conducted retrospectively with 26 women who had undergone BPM. Participants were recruited from New Zealand and Australia, via a genetics clinic, registry, research cohort, and online.ResultsThree themes were identified: psychological well‐being and adjustment, satisfaction with intimacy, and body image. Participants that had seen a psychologist reported being more prepared for BPM and appeared to adjust positively post‐surgery. They appeared to have improved psychological well‐being, reported satisfaction with intimacy, and a more positive body image, compared with those who had no support.ConclusionsWomen who undergo psychological consultation prior to BPM appear to adjust positively after surgery. Implications for practice include standard psychological consultation for younger women (>35 years) considering BPM.
Classical and Bayesian inference on progressive‐stress accelerated life testing for the extension of the exponential distribution under progressive type‐II censoring
Authors: Mohie El‐Din M.M. , Abu‐Youssef S.E. , Ali Nahid S.A. , Abd El‐Raheem A.M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a progressive‐stress accelerated life test under progressive type‐II censoring is considered. The cumulative exposure model is assumed when the lifetime of test units follows an extension of the exponential distribution. The maximum likelihood and Bayes estimates of the model parameters are obtained. The approximate and credible confidence intervals of the estimators are derived. Furthermore, a real lifetime data set is analyzed to illustrate the proposed procedures. Finally, the simulation studies are used to compare between 2 different designs of the progressive‐stress test (simple and multiple ramp‐stress tests).
Improved adaptive fault‐tolerant control design for hypersonic vehicle based on interval type‐2 T‐S model
Authors: Chen Fuyang , Hu Longze , Wen Changyun 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis study proposes an improved adaptive fault estimation and accommodation algorithm for a hypersonic flight vehicle that uses an interval type‐2 Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model and a quantum switching module. First, an interval type‐2 Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model for the hypersonic flight vehicle system with elevator faults is developed to process the nonlinearity and parameter uncertainties. An improved adaptive fault estimation algorithm is then constructed by adding an adjustable parameter. The quantum switching module is also applied to the estimation part to select an appropriate algorithm in different fault cases. The estimation results from the given fuzzy observer are used to design a type‐2 fuzzy fault accommodation controller to stabilize the fuzzy system. The stability of the proposed scheme is analyzed using the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the validity and availability of the method are verified by a series of comparisons on numerical simulation results.
Assessing (and Addressing!) Motivation to Read Fiction and Nonfiction
Authors: Malloy Jacquelynn A. , Parsons Allison Ward , Marinak Barbara A. , Applegate Anthony J. , Applegate Mary DeKonty , Ray Reutzel D. , Parsons Seth A. , Fawson Parker C. , Roberts Leslie D. , Gambrell Linda B. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Literacy educators, spurred by curricular standards requiring increased attention to reading nonfiction, are compelled to consider text‐specific reading instruction. As research supports the connection between motivation and reading achievement, these mandates beg the question, Are children equally motivated to read fiction and nonfiction? This article presents fiction and nonfiction versions of the Motivation to Read Profile–Revised that can be used to assess student motivation for these two text types. Recommendations for using student responses to address classwide and individual reading motivation for fiction and nonfiction are also presented.
Ultrasound characteristics of endometrial cancer as defined by International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) consensus nomenclature: prospective multicenter study
Authors: Epstein E. , Fischerova D. , Valentin L. , Testa A. C. , Franchi D. , Sladkevicius P. , Frühauf F. , Lindqvist P. G. , Mascilini F. , Fruscio R. , Haak L. A. , Opolskiene G. , Pascual M. A. , Alcazar J. L. , Chiappa V. , Guerriero S. , Carlson J. W. , Van Holsbeke C. , Giuseppe Leone F. P. , De Moor B. , Bourne T. , van Calster B. , Installe A. , Timmerman D. , Verbakel J. Y. , Van den Bosch T. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe the sonographic features of endometrial cancer in relation to tumor stage, grade and histological type, using the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) terminology.MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter study of 1714 women with biopsy‐confirmed endometrial cancer undergoing standardized transvaginal grayscale and Doppler ultrasound examination according to the IETA study protocol, by experienced ultrasound examiners using high‐end ultrasound equipment. Clinical and sonographic data were entered into a web‐based database. We assessed how strongly sonographic characteristics, according to IETA, were associated with outcome at hysterectomy, i.e. tumor stage, grade and histological type, using univariable logistic regression and the c‐statistic.ResultsIn total, 1538 women were included in the final analysis. Median age was 65 (range, 27–98) years, median body mass index was 28.4 (range 16–67) kg/m2, 1377 (89.5%) women were postmenopausal and 1296 (84.3%) reported abnormal vaginal bleeding. Grayscale and color Doppler features varied according to grade and stage of tumor. High‐risk tumors, compared with low‐risk tumors, were less likely to have regular endometrial–myometrial junction (difference of −23%; 95% CI, −27 to −18%), were larger (mean endometrial thickness; difference of +9%; 95% CI, +8 to +11%), and were more likely to have non‐uniform echogenicity (difference of +7%; 95% CI, +1 to +13%), a multiple, multifocal vessel pattern (difference of +21%; 95% CI, +16 to +26%) and a moderate or high color score (difference of +22%; 95% CI, +18 to +27%).ConclusionGrayscale and color Doppler sonographic features are associated with grade and stage of tumor, and differ between high‐ and low‐risk endometrial cancer. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Translation and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation with Preliminary Validation of GCOS‐24 for Use in Spain
Authors: Muñoz‐Cabello Patricia , García‐Miñaúr Sixto , Espinel‐Vallejo Manuel Eliecer , Fernández‐Franco Lorenzo , Stephens Alexandra , Santos‐Simarro Fernando , Lapunzina‐Badía Pablo , McAllister Marion 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim in this study was to translate and cross‐culturally adapt the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS‐24) for use in Spain and to carry out a preliminary psychometric validation in a sample of Spanish patients. With oversight by an expert panel, forward and backward translations were conducted to create the draft Spanish GCOS‐24. Fourteen patients were recruited from a clinical genetics service in Madrid, Spain, to participate in cognitive interviews designed to explore readability and interpretability of the draft. Following qualitative analysis of interview transcripts, a final version of the Spanish GCOS‐24 was agreed with the expert panel. No significant cross‐cultural differences were identified. The Spanish GCOS‐24 was then completed prior to and 2–4 weeks after genetic counseling by 59 patients attending the service, and data were analysed using analysis of variance. Preliminary psychometric validation of the Spanish GCOS‐24 showed significantly higher GCOS‐24 scores after genetic counseling (p < 0.0001), with good internal consistency (α = 0.84) and sensitivity to change over time, with a medium‐to‐large size effect (Cohen's d = 0.70). This compares well with the original English language GCOS‐24. Findings demonstrate that the Spanish GCOS‐24 has potential for use in evaluating clinical genetics services in Spain, but would benefit from assessment of test‐retest reliability as well as structural and construct validity.
On a Testing Methodology for the Mechanical Property Assessment of a New Low-Cost Titanium Alloy Derived from Synthetic Rutile
Authors: Benson L. L. , Benson Marshall L. A. , Weston N. S. , Mellor I. , Jackson M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Mechanical property data of a low-cost titanium alloy derived directly from synthetic rutile is reported. A small-scale testing approach comprising consolidation via field-assisted sintering technology, followed by axisymmetric compression testing, has been designed to yield mechanical property data from small quantities of titanium alloy powder. To validate this approach and provide a benchmark, Ti-6Al-4V powder has been processed using the same methodology and compared with material property data generated from thermo-physical simulation software. Compressive yield strength and strain to failure of the synthetic rutile-derived titanium alloy were revealed to be similar to that of Ti-6Al-4V.
Modeling and Forecasting Mortality With Economic Growth: A Multipopulation Approach
Authors: Boonen Tim J. , Li Hong 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Research on mortality modeling of multiple populations focuses mainly on extrapolating past mortality trends and summarizing these trends by one or more common latent factors. This article proposes a multipopulation stochastic mortality model that uses the explanatory power of economic growth. In particular, we extend the Li and Lee model (Li and Lee 2005) by including economic growth, represented by the real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, to capture the common mortality trend for a group of populations with similar socioeconomic conditions. We find that our proposed model provides a better in-sample fit and an out-of-sample forecast performance. Moreover, it generates lower (higher) forecasted period life expectancy for countries with high (low) GDP per capita than the Li and Lee model.
Optimum synthesis of oscillating slide actuators for mechatronic applications
Authors: Simionescu P.A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The oscillating-slide inversion of the slider-crank mechanism, commonly symbolized RPRR, is widely used to convert the displacement of an input linear motor (either electric, hydraulic or pneumatic), into the swing motion of a rocker. This paper discusses the optimum kinematic synthesis of the centric RPRR mechanisms for prescribed limit positions, while simultaneously satisfying either (i) minimum deviation from 90° of its transmission angle, (ii) maximum mechanical advantage, or (iii) linear correlation between the input- and output-link motions. To assist practicing engineers, step-by-step design procedures, together with performance charts and parametric design charts are also provided in the paper.
Highlights Optimum kinematic solutions of the RPRR oscillating slide actuators are discussed. Design objectives are transmission angle, mechanical advantage and uniform motion. Short rocker and long rocker solutions are shown to exist for each of these problems. Bivariate parametric design charts and performance charts are provided. Simple step-by-step design procedures are also described.
Influencing trade policy in a multi-level system—understanding corporate political activity in the context of global value chains and regime complexity
Authors: Curran Louise , Eckhardt Jappe 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe increasing impact of the international trade governance regime on the domestic regulatory sphere and the growing inter-linkages between international companies through their involvement in global value chains, have complicated corporate political activity (CPA) in the trade arena and changed the way companies interact with governments in this context. This paper draws on several recent examples of novel forms of CPA in trade conflicts at both multilateral and regional (E.U.) level, to provide an updated conceptual framework of trade policy CPA, which takes account of the increasing complexity and interconnectedness in the world economy. We highlight, in particular, the fact that this changing context means that “domestic” interests are often heterogeneous. The international linkages of a firm may dictate trade policy preferences more than its nationality. In addition, non-government actors increasingly react to globalization by mobilizing transnationally, with positive and negative impacts for CPA. CPA strategy has adapted to that reality, in both home and host country contexts, leading to novel cross border alliances and even political activity in countries where, although their local presence is relatively low, companies find common interests.
Hausdorff dimension of divergent diagonal geodesics on product of finite-volume hyperbolic spaces
Authors: YANG LEI 
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we consider the product space of several non-compact finite-volume hyperbolic spaces, $V_{1},V_{2},\ldots ,V_{k}$ of dimension $n$. Let $\text{T}^{1}(V_{i})$ denote the unit tangent bundle of $V_{i}$ and $g_{t}$ denote the geodesic flow on $\text{T}^{1}(V_{i})$ for each $i=1,\ldots ,k$. We define $$\begin{eqnarray}{\mathcal{D}}_{k}:=\{(v_{1},\ldots ,v_{k})\,\in \,\text{T}^{1}(V_{1})\times \cdots \times \text{T}^{1}(V_{k})\,:\,(g_{t}(v_{1}),\ldots ,g_{t}(v_{k}))\text{ diverges as }t\rightarrow \infty \}.\end{eqnarray}$$ We will prove that the Hausdorff dimension of ${\mathcal{D}}_{k}$ is equal to $k(2n-1)-((n-1)/2)$. This extends a result of Cheung.
Triple Smoking Cessation Therapy with Varenicline, Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenge: A Pilot Study to Assess Tolerability, Satisfaction and End-of-Treatment Quit Rates
Authors: Berg Kristin M. , Jorenby Douglas E. , Baker Timothy B. , Fiore Michael C. 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: The majority of attempts to stop smoking end in failure. One way to improve success may be to explore different combinations of existing cessation medications.Aims: This observational study examined ‘triple therapy’ (varenicline + nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge) in 36 smokers trying to quit.Methods: A 12-week, observational study exploring tolerability, via adverse events (AEs) elicited at each of nine phone assessments. Secondary outcomes included satisfaction rates, medication changes and self-reported quit rates at week 12.Results: Thirty five of thirty six participants reported at least one AE. Insomnia (75%), abnormal dreams (72%) and nausea (64%) were most common. Most were mild to moderate. No deaths, hospitalisations, cardiovascular events or suicidality were reported. Six participants (17%) decreased the dose of at least one medication, 5 (14%) decreased the dose then discontinued at least one medication and 13 (36%) discontinued at least one medication without trying a lesser dose. Participants were highly satisfied with their medications, and 58% reported quitting at 12 weeks, with 38% reporting prolonged abstinence.Conclusions: Despite high rates of AEs and medication changes, high rates of satisfaction and self-reported quitting, with no serious AEs, were observed with triple therapy. Additional data on tolerability and efficacy are needed.Trial Registration:Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT02681510.