bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Novel “Ferroxazide/Ferrazone” Derivatives as Antitrypanosomatid Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Efficacy
Authors: Kannigadu Christina , Janse van Rensburg Helena D. , Aucamp Janine , Suganuma Keisuke , N'Da David D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTrypanosomatids are the etiologic agents of numerous parasitic diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality in millions of people and animals around the world. Approved antitrypanosomatid agents are limited by several drawbacks, such as severe toxicity, lengthy treatment, need for hospitalization, and susceptibility to drug resistance. Consequently, parasitic diseases remain a substantial public health problem, and new drugs are required, especially drugs suitable for rural health systems that have limited resources. In an attempt to find antitrypanosomatid agents to address this problem, we report here on the synthesis and biological efficacy of ferrocene derivatives of nifuroxazide and nitrofurazone, which were designed by replacing the nitrofuran scaffold within their structures with the ferrocene moiety. The 1,2‐disubstituted ferrocene intermediates 8 and 9, featuring amine and carboxaldehyde groups, exhibited the best in vitro antiamastigote activity against Leishmania major strain NIH S and Leishmania donovani strain 9515, respectively. Ferroxazide derivative 15 was revealed as a mammalian cell nontoxic hit compound against Trypanosoma congolense strain IL3000 trypomastigotes; however, no in vivo treatment efficacy was observed against T. congolense strain IL3000‐infected BALB/c mice during a preliminary animal study. The synthesized ferrocene derivatives were poorly soluble in the in vitro and in vivo testing media, hindering uniform sampling and dosing. This study's outcome indicates that replacing the 5‐nitrofuran moiety with ferrocene did not increase antitrypanosomatid activity compared to the nitrofuran parent drugs nifuroxazide and nitrofurazone.
“Lives and times”: The case for qualitative longitudinal research in anatomical sciences education
Authors: Rees Charlotte E. , Ottrey Ella 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQualitative longitudinal research (QLR) focuses on changes in perceptions, interpretations, or practices through time. Despite longstanding traditions in social science, QLR has only recently appeared in anatomical sciences education (ASE). While some existing methodology papers guide researchers, they take a narrow view of QLR and lack specificity for ASE. This discursive article aims to (1) describe what QLR is and its benefits, its philosophies, methodologies and methods, considerations, and quality indicators, and (2) critically discuss examples of QLR in ASE. Underpinned by relativist ontology and subjectivist epistemology, time can be understood as fluid/subjective or fixed/objective. QLR is a flexible, creative, and exploratory methodology, often associated with other methodologies. Sampling is typically purposive, with repeated and recursive data collection methods, and complexthree‐strandanalyses (themes, cases, and time), enabling cross‐sectionalandlongitudinal analyses. QLR involves ethical, relationship, analytical, dissemination, and funding considerations. Key quality indicators relate to qualitative research as well as temporal aspects. Most of the nine ASE papers reviewed explored changes in anatomy learners, but few labeled their methodology as QLR. Just under half described their sampling as purposive, most employed pre‐planned and standardized repeated interviews, analyzed their data cross‐sectionally, and utilized qualitative data analysis software. Most cited the confirmability and transferability of their studies, but few cited credibility and dependability elements. Study timeframes and tempos were generally clear, but details of longitudinal retention/attrition were often lacking, and longitudinal data analysis was not often conducted. We therefore provide recommendations for the conduct of QLR in ASE.
π‐Conjugated Porous Polymer Nanosheets for Explosive Sensing: Investigation on the Role of H‐Bonding
Authors: Kumar Rajput Saurabh , Kapoor Atul , Yogi Abhishek , Yarlagadda Venkateswarlu , Suresh Mothika Venkata 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNitroaromatic explosive sensing plays a critical role in ensuring public security and environmental protection. Herein, we report 2‐pyridyl‐thiazolothiazole (pyTTz) integrated blue‐fluorescent π‐conjugated porous polymer nanosheets, NTzCMP and TzCMP for selective sensing of picric acid (PA) among nitrophenol explosives. Acid‐base interactions between PA and pyTTz of CMP lead to H‐bonding interactions, where the hydroxy group of PA engaged in weak H‐bonding interactions with pyridine and TTz of pyTTz moiety. This led to a strong fluorescence quenching of CMPs—such formation of ground state complex was supported by linear Stern‐Volmer quenching plots, unaltered excited state lifetimes, and detailed FTIR analysis of PA exposed CMPs. Interestingly, both CMPs exhibited an excellent response to smaller analytes such as o‐nitrotoluene compared to 2,4‐dinitrotoluene. Both NTzCMP and TzCMP CMPs exhibited high KSV values of 9×103 and 2.1×103 M−1 for PA and the corresponding limit of detection values were found to be 0.46 and 1.6 ppm, respectively.
Validation and optimisation of reduced glutathione quantification in erythrocytes by means of a coulometric high‐performance liquid chromatography analytical method
Authors: Lauwers Stef , Van Herreweghe Maxim , Foubert Kenn , Theunis Mart , Breynaert Annelies , Tuenter Emmy , Hermans Nina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that consists of cysteine, glutamate and glycine, is present in all mammalian tissues in the millimolar range. Besides having numerous cellular functions, GSH is an important antioxidant and is considered a valuable biomarker in evaluating oxidative stress. This paper provides a sensitive analytical method using HPLC‐ECD to quantify GSH in erythrocytes, validated using the ICH guidelines for Bioanalytical Method Validation. The sample preparation was optimised using centrifugal filtration and a hypotonic phosphate buffer for extracting GSH from erythrocytes. HPLC‐ECD parameters were adjusted to allow a fast, reversed phase, isocratic separation in 10 min. The detector response was linear between 0.3 and 9.5 μg/mL with a satisfactory regression coefficient and a LOQ of 0.11 μg/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day repeatability ranged between 1.10% and 8.57% with recoveries ranging from 94.3% to 106.0%. Dilution integrity, benchtop, freeze–thaw and long‐term stability were investigated. Samples were stable for up to 6 months at −80°C. This method has a good linear response and is repeatable, precise and accurate. It minimises GSH auto‐oxidation using a centrifugal filter during sample preparation, instead of acidification. Therefore, this analytical method is suitable for quantifying GSH in erythrocytes as a marker of oxidative stress.
Assessment of Vicia faba L. Peels: Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Potentials
Authors: Raoof Gehan F. Abdel , El‐anssary Amira A. , Ali Abuaish Moaaz A. , El‐Masry Hossam M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current study intends to reach the optimal use of plant wastes and explore their biological activities. It evaluated the bioactivities and phytoconstituents of 70 %methanol extract of Vicia faba L. peels. The results revealed that the extract possessed very potent cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV‐3) (IC50=0.01 μg/mL) which exceeds doxorubicin (IC50=0.95 μg/ml), a reference anticancer agent, potent cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cell line (PC‐3) (IC50=13.60 μg/ml), and moderate cytotoxicity against liver cancer cell line (HepG2) (IC50=40.9 μg/ml). Furthermore, the extract exhibited a potent antimicrobial effect on the tested gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis& Micrococcus luteus) with inhibition zone (IZ) range (14.0–23.0 mm), gram‐negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) (IZ=14.0 mm), and pathogenic fungal yeast (Candida albicans) (IZ=19.0 mm). Moreover, 46 phytoconstituents were tentatively identified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) hyphenated with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (QTOF‐MS) in positive ionization mode, 21 phytoconstituents were detected in Vicia faba peel for the first time. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify phenolic compounds, the major compounds were chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, catechin, and vanillin. In conclusion, plant wastes are a rich source of phytoconstituents that exhibit biological efficacy.
Simultaneous Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction and H2O Oxidation Under Non‐Sacrificial Ambient Conditions
Authors: Tong Qing , Tang Yu , Zou Weixin , Ye Yu‐Xin , Dong Lin , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe utilization of CO2, H2O, and solar energy is regarded as a sustainable route for converting CO2 into chemical feedstocks, paving the way for carbon neutrality and reclamation. However, the simultaneous photocatalytic CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation under non‐sacrificial ambient conditions is still a significant challenge. Researchers have carried out extensive exploration and achieved dramatic developments in this area. In this review, we first primarily elucidate the principles of two half‐reactions in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 with H2O, i. e., CO2 reduction by the photo‐generated electrons and protons, and H2O oxidation by the photo‐generated holes without sacrificial agents. Subsequently, the strategies to promote two half‐reactions are summarized, including the vacancy/facet/morphology design, adjacent redox site construction, and Z‐scheme heterojunction development. Finally, we present the advanced in situ characterizations and future perspectives in this field. This review aims to provide fresh insights into effectively simultaneous photocatalytic CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation under non‐sacrificial ambient conditions.
Preferential Formation of Three‐layered Host–Guest Complexes of a Planar Dinuclear Metallohost with Alkali Metal Ions
Authors: Akine Shigehisa , Nakano Masato , Sakata Yoko , Yano Sachiko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe synthesized a planar macrocyclic dinuclear nickel(II) metallohost from the corresponding macrocyclic imine ligand containing two N2O2 chelate coordination sites and an O6 cation binding site like 18‐crown‐6 as well as peripheral hexyl groups. Due to the lipophilic nature of the hexyl groups, the metallohost was soluble in less polar media where its interaction with alkali metal ions was enhanced. The binding studies by NMR spectroscopy clearly showed its strong tendency to form multi‐layered structures. The metallohost formed 2 : 1 and 1 : 1 (host/guest) complexes with Na+ with the two‐step binding constants of logK1=6.6 and logK2=3.0. In contrast, its complexation with larger alkali metal ions (K+, Rb+, Cs+) preferentially gave 3 : 2 (host/guest) complexes when 2/3 equiv. of the guest was present. The three‐layered structures of these 3 : 2 complexes were well characterized by mass spectrometry and 2D COSY/ROESY experiments as well as DFT calculations, elucidating their unique structural feature with three chemically different environments due to the oppositely curved two [Ni(saloph)] moieties of the metallohost. Therefore, the three‐layered structures were preferentially formed when larger alkali metal ions (K+, Rb+, Cs+) were complexed with the metallohost.
Evolution of the Short Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Unique Marine Myxobacteria Polyketide Salimabromide
Authors: Gan Kang‐Ji , Zhu Yao , Shi Gaosheng , Wu Changhui , Ni Fu‐Qiang , Zhao Li‐Han , Dou Xiaowei , Zhang Zhihan , Lu Hai‐Hua 
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive SummarySalimabromide, a unique and scarce marine tetracyclic polyketide, was synthesized in both racemic and optically active forms. A novel carboxylic acid‐directed method for tandem oxidative difunctionalization of olefins was developed, whereby the formation of bridged butyrolactone and enone moieties occurs concurrently. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this reaction follows a [3+2] process rather than the [2+2] process. In the meantime, the distinctive benzo‐fused [4.3.1] carbon skeleton and highly hindered vicinal quaternary stereocenters were simultaneously constructed through a challenging intramolecular Giese‐Baran radical cyclization. Furthermore, deuterium kinetic isotopic effects were utilized to enhance the efficacy of this pivotal step. This represents a new illustration of the application of kinetic isotope effects in natural product synthesis. Then, the short asymmetric synthesis of (+)‐salimabromide (13 or 15 steps) was accomplished by combing this method with rhodium‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of a cycloheptenone derivative (97% ee) or conjugate addition of an aryl boronic acid with 2‐cyclohepten‐1‐one (> 99% ee).
Safety and Usefulness of Intracoronary Acetylcholine 200 μg Into the Left Coronary Artery as Vasoreactivity Testing: Comparisons With Intracoronary Acetylcholine Maximum 100 μg
Authors: Sueda Shozo , Hayashi Yutaka , Ono Hiroki , Sakaue Tomoki , Ikeda Shuntaro 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe retrospectively analyzed the usefulness and safety of intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) 200 μg into the left coronary artery (LCA) as vasoreactivity testing compared with intracoronary ACh 100 μg.MethodsWe recruited 1433 patients who had angina‐like chest pain and intracoronary ACh testing in the LCA, including 1234 patients with a maximum ACh 100 μg and 199 patients with a maximum ACh 200 μg. ACh was injected in incremental doses of 20/50/100/200 μg into the LCA. Positive spasm was defined as ≥ 90% stenosis, usual chest pain, and ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) changes.ResultsThe incidence of coronary constriction ≥ 90%, usual chest pain, and ischemic ECG changes with a maximum ACh of 100 μg was markedly higher than that with a maximum ACh of 200 μg. The frequency of unusual chest pain in patients with a maximum ACh of 200 μg was higher than that in those with a maximum ACh of 100 μg (13% vs. 3%, p < 0.001). In patients with rest angina, positive spasm of maximum ACh 100 μg was significantly higher than that of maximum ACh 200 μg, whereas there was no difference regarding positive spasm in patients with atypical chest pain between the two ACh doses. Major complications (1.38% vs. 1.51%, p = 0.8565) and the occurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (1.81% vs. 2.63%, p = 0.6307) during ACh testing in the LCA were not different between the two maximum ACH doses.ConclusionsIntracoronary ACh 200 μg into the LCA is clinically useful and safe for vasoreactivity testing when intracoronary ACh 100 μg dose not provoke spasms.
Active Sites for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol: Mechanistic Insights and Reaction Control
Authors: Zada Habib , Yu Jiafeng , Sun Jian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCatalytic CO2 conversion to methanol is a promising way to extenuate the adverse effects of CO2 emission, global warming and energy shortage. Understanding the fundamental features of CO2 activation and hydrogenation at the molecular level is essential for carbon utilization and sustainable chemical production in the current climate crisis. This review explores the recent advances in understanding the design of catalysts with desired active sites, including single‐atom, dual‐atom, interface, defects/vacancies and promoters/dopants. We focused on the design of various catalytic systems to enhance their catalytic performances by stabilizing active metal in a catalyst, identifying the unique structure of active species, and engineering coordination environments of active sites. Mechanistic insights provided by advanced operando and in situ spectroscopies were also discussed. Moreover, the review highlights the key factors affecting active sites and reaction mechanisms, such as local environments, oxidation states, and metal‐support interactions. By integrating recent advancements and relating knowledge gaps, this review aims to endow an inclusive overview of the field and guide future research toward more efficient and selective catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.
Class iCGF–1 Mode Power Amplifier for Enhancing the Linearity of the Traditional Continuous Class F–1 Mode
Authors: Li Feifei , Yu Cuiping , Liu Yuanan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the iCGF−1 mode is proposed to compensate the amplitude‐to‐amplitude modulation (AM/AM) distortion of the traditional continuous class F−1 mode while maintaining the high efficiency. The AM/AM profile of the iCGF−1 mode is mathematically expressed simultaneously as a function of the input nonlinearity parameter and conduction angle , which makes the iCGF−1 mode more flexible in controlling the AM/AM profile. The first inflection point of the AM/AM profile can be moved to a higher output power level through theoretical deduction by adjusting the second harmonic source impedance and gate bias voltage to increase the values of and . This flattens the AM/AM profile while the efficiency profile remains almost the same as that of the traditional continuous class F−1 mode. The performance of the iCGF−1 mode is verified through simulation and experimental measurements. The iCGF−1 PA is fabricated with CGH40010F and has a frequency range of 2–2.6 GHz. The drain efficiency is 70.1%–77.9%, and the output power is 41.1–41.7 dBm. The linearity is tested with a 100 MHz 5G NR signal (the peak average power ratio (PAPR) is 8.5 dB) at 2.3 GHz. The worst adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is −32.3 dBc without digital predistortion (DPD) and −52.1 dBc with DPD. The results show that the iCGF−1 mode has successfully compensated the AM/AM distortion of the traditional continuous class F mode and maintaining high efficiency.
Effects of the control of an invasive tree on the structure of a plant–frugivore network
Authors: Marciniak Brisa , Peroni Nivaldo , Traveset Anna , de Sá Dechoum Michele 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInvasive non‐native species are one of the main causes of degradation of ecosystems worldwide. The control of invasive species is key to reducing threats to ecosystem viability in the long term. Observations of structural changes in ecological interaction networks following invasive species suppression can be useful to monitor the success of ecological restoration initiatives. We evaluated the structure of plant–bird frugivory interaction networks in a plant community invaded by the guava tree (Psidium guajava L.) by comparing network metrics before and after control actions. Psidium guajava was relevant in all metrics for the unmanaged network in this study, with high degree centrality and high nestedness contribution. Based on the asymmetry of species interactions, we found that birds were highly dependent on the invasive plant before suppression. Once P. guajava trees were eliminated, bird and plant species richness, total number of interactions, and modularity increased, whereas nestedness and interaction strength asymmetry decreased. The diet of the bird community became more diversified once P. guajava was no longer available and relevant species roles in community structure emerged. Our results corroborate the fact that ecological restoration interventions should include the control of non‐native plant species that attract frugivorous animals in order to diversify plant–frugivore interactions and thus maintain biodiversity in natural ecosystems.
Comparative study on chloroplast genome of Tamarix species
Authors: Liu Yanlei , Ding Kuo , Liang Lixiong , Zhang Zhan , Chen Kai , Li Haiwen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTamaricaceae comprises about 120 species and has a long evolutionary history, Tamarix Linn accounts for approximately 75% of the total species in this family. It is the most widely distributed and diverse genus in the family. They have important ecological significance for transforming deserts and improving climate conditions. However, Tamarix is the most poorly classified genera among flowering plants owing to its large variability and high susceptibility to interspecific hybridization. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of three Tamarix species and one draft chloroplast genome were obtained in this study. Combined with eight chloroplast genomes deposited in GenBank, complete chloroplast sequences of 12 Tamarix species were used for further analysis. There are 176 non‐SSR‐related indels and 681 non‐indel‐related SSRs in the 12 Tamarix chloroplast genomes. The mononucleotide SSRs are the most prevalent among all types of SSRs. The mVISTA results indicate high sequence similarities across the chloroplast genome, suggesting that the chloroplast genomes are highly conserved, except for sample Tamarix androssowii (ENC850343). The IR regions and the coding regions are more conserved than the single‐copy and noncoding regions. The trnF‐ndhJ, ndhC‐trnM‐CAU, ycf1, and trnL‐UAG‐ndhF regions are the most variable and have higher variability than those of the universal DNA markers. Finally, the first phylogenetic tree of Tamaricaceae was constructed which confirmed the monophyly of Tamarix in Tamaricaceae. The first phylogenetic tree of Tamarix was based on the complete chloroplast genome to date, the changes in branch length and support rate can potentially help us clarify the phylogenetic relationships of Tamarix. All the obtained genetic resources will facilitate future studies in population genetics, species identification, and conservation biology of Tamarix.
Transferability of ecological forecasting models to novel biotic conditions in a long‐term experimental study
Authors: Dumandan Patricia Kaye T. , Simonis Juniper L. , Yenni Glenda M. , Ernest S. K. Morgan , White Ethan P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEcological forecasting models play an increasingly important role for managing natural resources and assessing our fundamental knowledge of processes driving ecological dynamics. As global environmental change pushes ecosystems beyond their historical conditions, the utility of these models may depend on their transferability to novel conditions. Because species interactions can alter resource use, timing of reproduction, and other aspects of a species' realized niche, changes in biotic conditions, which can arise from community reorganization events in response to environmental change, have the potential to impact model transferability. Using a long‐term experiment on desert rodents, we assessed model transferability under novel biotic conditions to better understand the limitations of ecological forecasting. We show that ecological forecasts can be less accurate when the models generating them are transferred to novel biotic conditions and that the extent of model transferability can depend on the species being forecast. We also demonstrate the importance of incorporating uncertainty into forecast evaluation with transferred models generating less accurate and more uncertain forecasts. These results suggest that how a species perceives its competitive landscape can influence model transferability and that when uncertainties are properly accounted for, transferred models may still be appropriate for decision making. Assessing the extent of the transferability of forecasting models is a crucial step to increase our understanding of the limitations of ecological forecasts.