bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma diagnosis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Dória Maria Luisa , McKenzie James S. , Mroz Anna , Phelps David L. , Speller Abigail , Rosini Francesca , Strittmatter Nicole , Golf Ottmar , Veselkov Kirill , Brown Robert , Ghaem-Maghami Sadaf , Takats Zoltan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOvarian cancer is highly prevalent among European women, and is the leading cause of gynaecological cancer death. Current histopathological diagnoses of tumour severity are based on interpretation of, for example, immunohistochemical staining. Desorption electrospray mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) generates spatially resolved metabolic profiles of tissues and supports an objective investigation of tumour biology. In this study, various ovarian tissue types were analysed by DESI-MSI and co-registered with their corresponding haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images. The mass spectral data reveal tissue type-dependent lipid profiles which are consistent across the n = 110 samples (n = 107 patients) used in this study. Multivariate statistical methods were used to classify samples and identify molecular features discriminating between tissue types. Three main groups of samples (epithelial ovarian carcinoma, borderline ovarian tumours, normal ovarian stroma) were compared as were the carcinoma histotypes (serous, endometrioid, clear cell). Classification rates >84% were achieved for all analyses, and variables differing statistically between groups were determined and putatively identified. The changes noted in various lipid types help to provide a context in terms of tumour biochemistry. The classification of unseen samples demonstrates the capability of DESI-MSI to characterise ovarian samples and to overcome existing limitations in classical histopathology.
Origin of sample size effect: Stochastic dislocation formation in crystalline metals at small scales
Authors: Huang Guan-Rong , Huang J. C. , Tsai W. Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn crystalline metals at small scales, the dislocation density will be increased by stochastic events of dislocation network, leading to a universal power law for various material structures. In this work, we develop a model obeyed by a probability distribution of dislocation density to describe the dislocation formation in terms of a chain reaction. The leading order terms of steady-state of probability distribution gives physical and quantitative insight to the scaling exponent n values in the power law of sample size effect. This approach is found to be consistent with experimental n values in a wide range.
Weighing Scale-Based Pulse Transit Time is a Superior Marker of Blood Pressure than Conventional Pulse Arrival Time
Authors: Martin Stephanie L.-O. , Carek Andrew M. , Kim Chang-Sei , Ashouri Hazar , Inan Omer T. , Hahn Jin-Oh , Mukkamala Ramakrishna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPulse transit time (PTT) is being widely pursued for cuff-less blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Most efforts have employed the time delay between ECG and finger photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms as a convenient surrogate of PTT. However, these conventional pulse arrival time (PAT) measurements include the pre-ejection period (PEP) and the time delay through small, muscular arteries and may thus be an unreliable marker of BP. We assessed a bathroom weighing scale-like system for convenient measurement of ballistocardiography and foot PPG waveforms – and thus PTT through larger, more elastic arteries – in terms of its ability to improve tracking of BP in individual subjects. We measured “scale PTT”, conventional PAT, and cuff BP in humans during interventions that increased BP but changed PEP and smooth muscle contraction differently. Scale PTT tracked the diastolic BP changes well, with correlation coefficient of −0.80 ± 0.02 (mean ± SE) and root-mean-squared-error of 7.6 ± 0.5 mmHg after a best-case calibration. Conventional PAT was significantly inferior in tracking these changes, with correlation coefficient of −0.60 ± 0.04 and root-mean-squared-error of 14.6 ± 1.5 mmHg (p < 0.05). Scale PTT also tracked the systolic BP changes better than conventional PAT but not to an acceptable level. With further development, scale PTT may permit reliable, convenient measurement of BP.
Novel platform technology for modular mucosal vaccine that protects against streptococcus
Authors: Zaman Mehfuz , Ozberk Victoria , Langshaw Emma L. , McPhun Virginia , Powell Jessica L. , Phillips Zachary N. , Ho Mei Fong , Calcutt Ainslie , Batzloff Michael R. , Toth Istvan , Hill Geoffrey R. , Pandey Manisha , Good Michael F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe upper respiratory tract (URT) is the major entry site for human pathogens and strategies to activate this network could lead to new vaccines capable of preventing infection with many pathogens. Group A streptococcus (GAS) infections, causing rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and invasive disease, are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality. We describe an innovative vaccine strategy to induce mucosal antibodies of significant magnitude against peptide antigens of GAS using a novel biocompatible liposomal platform technology. The approach is to encapsulate free diphtheria toxoid (DT), a standard vaccine antigen, within liposomes as a source of helper T-cell stimulation while lipidated peptide targets for B-cells are separately displayed on the liposome surface. As DT is not physically conjugated to the peptide, it is possible to develop modular epitopic constructs that simultaneously activate IgA-producing B-cells of different and complementary specificity and function that together neutralize distinct virulence factors. An inflammatory cellular immune response is also induced. The immune response provides profound protection against streptococcal infection in the URT. The study describes a new vaccine platform for humoral and cellular immunity applicable to the development of vaccines against multiple mucosal pathogens.
A pathway-centric view of spatial proximity in the 3D nucleome across cell lines
Authors: Karathia Hiren , Kingsford Carl , Girvan Michelle , Hannenhalli Sridhar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn various contexts, spatially proximal genes have been shown to be functionally related. However, the extent to which spatial proximity of genes in a pathway contributes to the pathway’s context-specific activity is not known. Leveraging Hi-C data in six human cell-lines, we show that spatial proximity of genes in a pathway is highly correlated with the pathway’s context-specific expression and function. Furthermore, spatial proximity of pathway genes correlates with interactions of their protein products, and the specific pathway genes that are proximal to one another tend to occupy higher levels in the regulatory hierarchy. In addition to intra-pathway proximity, related pathways are spatially proximal to one another and housekeeping-genes tend to be proximal to several other pathways suggesting their coordinating role. Substantially extending previous works, our study reveals a pathway-centric organization of 3D-nucleome, whereby, functionally related interacting driver genes tend to be in spatial-proximity in a context-specific manner.
Real-time detection of dielectric anisotropy or isotropy in unconventional oil-gas reservoir rocks supported by the oblique-incidence reflectivity difference technique
Authors: Zhan Honglei , Wang Jin , Zhao Kun , Lű Huibin , Jin Kuijuan , He Liping , Yang Guozhen , Xiao Lizhi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCurrent geological extraction theory and techniques are very limited to adequately characterize the unconventional oil-gas reservoirs because of the considerable complexity of the geological structures. Optical measurement has the advantages of non-interference with the earth magnetic fields, and is often useful in detecting various physical properties. One key parameter that can be detected using optical methods is the dielectric permittivity, which reflects the mineral and organic properties. Here we reported an oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OIRD) technique that is sensitive to the dielectric and surface properties and can be applied to characterization of reservoir rocks, such as shale and sandstone core samples extracted from subsurface. The layered distribution of the dielectric properties in shales and the uniform distribution in sandstones are clearly identified using the OIRD signals. In shales, the micro-cracks and particle orientation result in directional changes of the dielectric and surface properties, and thus, the isotropy and anisotropy of the rock can be characterized by OIRD. As the dielectric and surface properties are closely related to the hydrocarbon-bearing features in oil-gas reservoirs, we believe that the precise measurement carried with OIRD can help in improving the recovery efficiency in well-drilling process.
Epidemiological analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China with the seasonal-trend decomposition method and the exponential smoothing model
Authors: Ke Guibao , Hu Yao , Huang Xin , Peng Xuan , Lei Min , Huang Chaoli , Gu Li , Xian Ping , Yang Dehua 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. With the most reported cases in the world, the epidemic characteristics are still remained unclear in China. This paper utilized the seasonal-trend decomposition (STL) method to analyze the periodicity and seasonality of the HFRS data, and used the exponential smoothing model (ETS) model to predict incidence cases from July to December 2016 by using the data from January 2006 to June 2016. Analytic results demonstrated a favorable trend of HFRS in China, and with obvious periodicity and seasonality, the peak of the annual reported cases in winter concentrated on November to January of the following year, and reported in May and June also constituted another peak in summer. Eventually, the ETS (M, N and A) model was adopted for fitting and forecasting, and the fitting results indicated high accuracy (Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 13.12%). The forecasting results also demonstrated a gradual decreasing trend from July to December 2016, suggesting that control measures for hemorrhagic fever were effective in China. The STL model could be well performed in the seasonal analysis of HFRS in China, and ETS could be effectively used in the time series analysis of HFRS in China.
Fabrication and origin of asymmetric polyvinylidene fluoride‐carbon nanotube/cyanate ester materials with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss through building double‐layered structure
Authors: Zheng Longhui , Yuan Li , Guan Qingbao , Gu Aijuan , Liang Guozheng 
Published: December 2016

High dielectric loss has been the biggest sticky problem for high‐k conductor/polymer composites. Herein, a new asymmetric material consisting of one layer of β‐phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and another layer of carboxylated carbon nanotube (eCNT)/cyanate ester (CE) composite was fabricated, coded as PVDFx–eCNTq/CE, where x is the thickness of PVDF layer ranging from 3 to 70 μm, q is the loading of eCNTs (f), taking values of 1.2 and 1.7 wt%. The influences of f and x values on dielectric properties and breakdown strengths of PVDF–eCNT/CE materials were systematically studied. When f is smaller than the percolation threshold (fc) of eCNT/CE (fc = 1.6 wt%), the corresponding PVDF–eCNT1.2/CE materials have similar conductive and dielectric properties as eCNT1.2/CE composite. When f > fc, all PVDF–eCNT1.7/CE materials have much lower dielectric loss than eCNT1.7/CE, while with suitable thickness of PVDF layer (<70 μm), PVDF–eCNT/CE materials have significantly improved dielectric constants and breakdown strengths. For the PVDF–eCNT1.7/CE material of which the thickness of PVDF layer is 5 μm, its dielectric constant at 1 Hz is 1699, about ten times of that of eCNT1.7/CE, while the dielectric loss is only 2.31 × 10−2 times of that of the latter. The origin behind was intensively studied in terms of space charge distribution.
Dyspnea as the Presenting Symptom of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Yu Elizabeth , Romero Neil , Miles Troy , Hsu Stephanie , Kondrashov Dimitriy 
Published: December 2016

Background A case report of acute unilateral hemidiaphragm paralysis and resultant dyspnea due to cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is described.
Case Report An 82-year-old man presented with a nonproductive cough, chest congestion, hoarseness, and shortness of breath on ambulation. The patient underwent cardiac catheterization, which revealed extensive stenosis of the major cardiac arteries. Subsequently, he underwent triple coronary artery bypass grafting. Despite the cardiac surgery, the patient's dyspnea did not improve. In addition, he developed new complaints of generalized weakness. Magnetic resonance and radiographic imaging of the cervical spine revealed extensive multilevel degenerative spondylosis with moderate to severe central canal narrowing from C2 to C7 and myelomalacia. The patient underwent C2–C6 laminectomy and instrumented fusion with local autograft. After surgery, the patient had gradual relief of dyspnea as well as improvement of strength. The dyspnea completely resolved.
Conclusion The diagnosis of CSM as the cause of dyspnea is difficult to make. When unrelated cardiac or pulmonary disease coexists, the presenting symptoms of CSM may be subtle and must be actively sought. Signs and symptoms can vary widely and may include symptoms of intermittent neck pain or headache. Dyspnea may be related to unilateral diaphragm paralysis caused by CSM. This etiology of dyspnea should be considered in elderly patients who have other comorbidities that often obscure the diagnosis.
Inanspruchnahme des psychosozialen Hilfesystems bei jungen, psychisch erkrankten Arbeitslosengeld-II-Empfängern vor und nach Nutzung eines psychiatrisch-psychologischen Beratungsangebotes
Authors: Hagen C. , Bänfer S. , Werkstetter L. , Hebebrand J. , Reissner V. 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie: Erfassung der Inanspruchnahme des Hilfesystems bei psychisch erkrankten 16–24-jähriger Arbeitslosengeld-II-Empfängern vor und nach der Nutzung eines psychiatrisch-psychologischen Beratungsangebotes („Support 25“).
Methodik: Längsschnittliche Erfassung der Inanspruchnahme zu 3 Messzeitpunkten über insgesamt 9 Monate (N=148); Messung möglicher Einflussfaktoren mittels Selbst- und Fremdratinginstrumenten.
Ergebnisse: Die Inanspruchnahme verdoppelte sich nach Erhalt einer Behandlungsempfehlung auf 40% nach 3 Monaten bzw. 47,5% nach 6 Monaten. Inhaltlich dominierte die Nutzung niederschwelliger psychosozialer Beratungsangebote gegenüber primär psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Behandlungen. Probanden, die sich in Beratung/Behandlung begeben hatten, wiesen tendenziell ein niedrigeres allgemeines Funktionsniveau auf als Probanden ohne Inanspruchnahme. Stigma-Faktoren behinderten die Einmündung in Beratung/Behandlung nicht.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die hier untersuchten jungen Arbeitslosengeld-II-Empfänger hatten – trotz ausgeprägter psychiatrischer Morbidität – Schwierigkeiten, in Behandlungsangebote einzumünden. Obwohl sich nach erfolgter Aufklärung über Diagnosen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten die Inanspruchnahme verbesserte, dominierten weiterhin niederschwellige Beratungsangebote. Dies könnte darauf hindeuten, dass sich das primär psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Hilfesystem besser an die besonderen Bedürfnisse der Zielgruppe anpassen muss, z. B. durch die Ausweitung spezifischer psychoedukativer Angebote an Jobcentern.
Uniform 𝐿¹ behavior in a class of linear Volterra equations
Authors: Noren Richard 
Published: December 2016

We find sufficient conditions for the solution of the equation

u
′

(
t
)

+

∫
0
t

∑

i
=
1

n

λ
i

a
i

(

t
−
s

)

u

(
s
)

d
s
=
0
,
u

(
0
)

=
1

u’\left ( t \right ) + \\ \int _0^t {\sum \nolimits _{i = 1}^n {{\lambda _i}{a_i}\left ( {t - s} \right )u\left ( s \right )ds = 0, u\left ( 0 \right ) = 1} }

, to satisfy

∫
0
∞

sup

λ
1

,
.
.
.
,

λ
n

≥
1

(

λ
1

+
⋅
⋅
⋅
+

λ
n

)

−
1

/

2

×

u
′

(

t
,

λ
1

,
.
.
.
,

λ
n

)

d
t
>
∞

\int _0^\infty {{{\sup }_{{\lambda _1},...,{\lambda _n} \ge 1}}{{\left ( {{\lambda _1} + \cdot \cdot \cdot + {\lambda _n}} \right )}^{ - 1/2}} \times \\ u’\left ( {t, {\lambda _1},...,{\lambda _n}} \right )dt > \infty }

. Our results generalize the case

n
=
1

n = 1

. Applications to a related equation in Hilbert space are given.
Explicit expressions of Barnett-Lothe tensors and their associated tensors for orthotropic materials
Authors: Dongye Changsong , Ting T. C. T. 
Published: December 2016

The three Barnett-Lothe tensors S, H, L, appear very often in the solutions to two-dimensional anisotropic elasticity problems. So do their associated tensors

S
^

(
θ
)

,

H
^

(
θ
)

,

L
^

(
θ
)

\hat S\left ( \theta \right ), \hat H\left ( \theta \right ), \hat L\left ( \theta \right )

for line forces and dislocations and

S

(
υ
)

,
H

(
υ
)

,
L

(
υ
)

S\left ( \upsilon \right ), H\left ( \upsilon \right ), L\left ( \upsilon \right )

in the problem of surface waves. Explicit expressions of the components of these tensors are derived and presented for orthotropic materials in which the planes of material symmetry coincide with the coordinate planes. With minor modifications, the results for S, H, L and

S
^

(
θ
)

,

H
^

(
θ
)

,

L
^

(
θ
)

\hat S\left ( \theta \right ), \hat H\left ( \theta \right ), \hat L\left ( \theta \right )

can be applied to orthotropic materials in which only the

x
3

=
0

{x_3} = 0

plane coincides with one of the planes of material symmetry.
The influence of nonlocal nonlinearities on the long time behavior of solutions of Burgers’ equation
Authors: Deng Keng , Kwong Man Kam , Levine Howard A. 
Published: December 2016

We study the long time behavior of solutions of Burgers’s equation with nonlocal nonlinearities:

u
t

=

u

x
x

+
ε
u

u
x

+

1
2

(

a
∥
u

(

⋅
,
t

)

∥

p
−
1

+
b

)

u
,
0
>
x
>
1
,

a
,
ε
∈

R

,
b
>
0
,
p
>
1

{u_t} = {u_{xx}} + \varepsilon u{u_x} + \frac {1}{2}\left ( {a\parallel u\left ( { \cdot , t} \right ){\parallel ^{p - 1}} + b} \right )u, 0 > x > 1, \\ a, \varepsilon \in \mathbb {R}, b > 0, p > 1

, subject to

u

(

0
,
t

)

=
u

(

1
,
t

)

=
0

u\left ( {0, t} \right ) = u\left ( {1, t} \right ) = 0

. A stability-instability analysis is given in some detail, and some finite time blow up results are given.
Asymptotic solutions of a generalized Burgers equation
Authors: Vanaja V. , Sachdev P. L. 
Published: December 2016

The travelling wave solutions of the generalized Burgers equation
\[

∂
u

∂
t

=

∂

∂
x

[

D

(
u
)

∂
u

∂
x

]

−

∂

∂
x

[

K

(
u
)

]

\frac {{\partial u}}{{\partial t}} = \frac {\partial }{{\partial x}}\left [ {D\left ( u \right ) \frac {{\partial u}}{{\partial x}}} \right ] - \frac {\partial }{{\partial x}}\left [ {K\left ( u \right )} \right ]

\]
are related to the solution of the initial boundary value problems for the same equation, subject to initial boundary conditions relevant to the physical problem of infiltration of moisture into a homogeneous soil. The theoretical prediction of the emergence of the travelling wave solutions as intermediate asymptotics is confirmed by numerical solutions of the problem for some specific choices of the functions

D

(
u
)

D\left ( u \right )

and

K

(
u
)

K\left ( u \right )

.
On a periodic delay population model
Authors: Lalli B. S. , Zhang B. G. 
Published: December 2016

The existence of a positive periodic solution for
\[

N
′

(
t
)
=
N
(
t
)

[

a
(
t
)
+
b
(
t
)
N
(
t
−
m
ω
)
−
c
(
t
)

N
2

(
t
−
m
ω
)

]

N’(t) = N(t)\left [ {a(t) + b(t)N(t - m\omega ) - c(t){N^2}(t - m\omega )} \right ]

\]
is established. Sufficient conditions are given for the periodic solution to be globally attractive.
Oscillation and stability in a simple genotype selection model
Authors: Grove E. A. , Kocić V. Lj. , Ladas G. , Levins R. 
Published: December 2016

We study the oscillation, the stability, and the global attractivity of the simple genotype selection model
\[

y

n
+
1

=

y
n

e

β

(
1
−
2

y

n
−
k

)

1
−

y
n

+

y
n

e

β

(
1
−
2

y

n
−
k

)

,

n
=
0
,
1
,
.
.
.
,

{y_{n + 1}} = \frac {{{y_n}{e^{\beta \left ( 1 - 2{y_{n - k}}\right )}}}}{{1 - {y_n} + {y_n}{e^{\beta \left (1 - 2{y_{n - k}} \right )}}}}, \qquad n = 0, 1,...,

\]
where

β
∈

(
0
,
∞
)

\beta \in \left ( 0, \infty \right )

and

k
∈
{
0
,
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
}

k \in \{ 0, 1, 2,...\}

.
A Galerkin solution to a regularized Cauchy singular integro-differential equation
Authors: Frankel Jay I. 
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a Galerkin approach for solving a regularized version of the Cauchy singular, linear integro-differential equation
\[

d
Θ

d
x

(
x
)

−
f

(
x
)

=
λ

∫

y
=
0

1

Θ

(
y
)

x
−
y

d
y
,

x
∈

(
0
,
1
)

\frac {{d\Theta }}{{dx}}\left ( x \right ) - f\left ( x \right ) = \lambda \smallint _{y = 0}^1\frac {{\Theta \left ( y \right )}}{{x - y}}dy, \qquad x \in \left ( 0, 1 \right )

\]
, subject to

Θ

(
0
)

=
Θ

(
1
)

=
0

\Theta \left ( 0 \right ) = \Theta \left ( 1 \right ) = 0

. This equation has appeared in both combined infrared gaseous radiation and molecular conduction, and elastic contact studies. A regularized formulation is produced which suggests the use of an expansion technique where the orthogonal basis functions are chosen as the Chebychev polynomials of the first kind. Accurate results, requiring a minimal computational cost, are formally documented and compared to a purely numerical solution.
Steady state solution for electrochemical processes with multiple reacting species
Authors: Yu Xun 
Published: December 2016

At steady state, the dissociation-association electrochemical reactions in a dilute solution are governed by the nondimensional equations
\[

∂

∂
x

(

d
i

∂

u
i

∂
x

+

d
i

e
i

∂
ϕ

∂
x

u
i

)

+

R
i

=
0
,

i
=
1
,
.
.
.
,
m
,
0
≤
x
≤
1
,

∑

i
=
1

m

e
i

u
i

=
0

\frac {\partial }{{\partial x}}\left ( {{d_i}\frac {{\partial {u_i}}}{{\partial x}} + {d_i}{e_i}\frac {{\partial \phi }}{{\partial x}}{u_i}} \right ) + {R_i} = 0, \qquad i = 1,...,m, 0 \le x \le 1, \\ \sum \limits _{i = 1}^m {{e_i}{u_i} = 0}

\]
where

d
i

,

e
i

{d_i}, {e_i}

, and

u
i

{u_i}

are the diffusion coefficient, charge, and concentration of the

i
i

th species, respectively.

ϕ
\phi

is the electric potential of the solution.

R
i

{R_i}

is the net source of the

i
i

th species in the solution which includes the external input or production due to the reactions in the solution. The extra electroneutrality condition

∑

i
=
1

m

e
i

u
i

=
0

\sum _{i = 1}^m {e_i}{u_i} = 0

determines the electric potential

ϕ
\phi

. This system of nonlinear differential equations is subject to the nonlinear boundary conditions modeling the actual electrode kinetics. We prove the existence of the solution to this system and construct an iterative numerical algorithm to compute the solution. Numerical results are also presented in the paper.