bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential modulation of CA1 impulse flow by endogenous serotonin along the hippocampal longitudinal axis
Authors: Mlinar Boris , Corradetti Renato 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe hippocampus is functionally differentiated along its longitudinal axis, with the dorsal and ventral segments preferentially involved in cognitive and emotional processing, respectively. Serotonergic modulation of hippocampal function has been extensively studied, but its relation to the dorsoventral axis has remained largely unknown. To examine the modulation of hippocampal output along the dorsoventral axis by endogenous serotonin (5‐HT) we compared the effect of the 5‐HT/noradrenaline (NA)‐releaser, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), in transversal slices encompassing the entire rat hippocampus. Co‐release of 5‐HT and NA by MDMA resulted in a gradient of effects on evoked population spikes in the CA1 area along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus. Selective 5‐HT release decreased population spike amplitude in slices from dorsal hippocampus, whereas an increase was produced in the ventral hippocampus, indicating differential modulation of CA1 impulse flow along the dorsoventral axis by endogenous 5‐HT. Selective NA release increased population spike amplitude with no gradient indicating facilitatory effect of endogenous NA along the entire dorsoventral axis. Blockade of 5‐HT1A receptors prevented the inhibitory component of MDMA action and the emergence of the gradient, indicating that activation of 5‐HT1A receptors is required for differential modulation of CA1 impulse flow by endogenous 5‐HT. These findings suggest that a dorsoventral shift in CA1 output level may represent an integral component of 5‐HT action on hippocampal information processing. Given the preferential role of ventral hippocampus in emotional and anxiety‐related behavior, it can be proposed that serotonin tone encodes the emotional salience of the signal processed by hippocampus.
Glioma tumor detection in brain MRI image using ANFIS‐based normalized graph cut approach
Authors: Sasikanth S. , Suresh Kumar S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGlioma is the severe type of brain tumor which leads to immediate death for the case high‐grade Glioma. The Glioma tumor patient in case of low grade can extend their life period if tumor is timely detected and providing proper surgery. In this article, a computer‐aided fully automated Glioma brain tumor detection and segmentation system is proposed using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier based Graph cut approach. Initially, orientation analysis is performed on the brain image to obtain the edge enhanced abnormal regions in the brain. Then, features are extracted from the orientation enhanced image and these features are trained and classified using ANFIS classifier to classify the test brain image into either normal or abnormal. Normalized Graph cur segmentation methodology is applied on the classified abnormal brain image to segment the tumor region. The proposed Glioma tumor segmentation method is validated using the metric parameters as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and dice similarity coefficient.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Based on SKA by RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Yu Xiaoqian , Picker Marie‐Theres , Schneider Martin , Herberg Artjom , Pascual Sagrario , Fontaine Laurent , Kuckling Dirk 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTemperature‐sensitive amphiphilic block copolymers of 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl‐methyl acrylate (solketal acrylate, SKA) and N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) have been prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT). A kinetics study of SKA polymerization is performed in order to find a compatible RAFT chain transfer agents (CTA) and versatile polymerization conditions for the synthesis of well‐defined poly(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl‐methyl acrylate) (PSKA). Depending on the RAFT‐CTA and the reaction time, PSKA with molar masses up to 5700 g mol−1 and dispersity values as low as 1.1 could be prepared. Additionally, the end group distribution of PSKA is investigated via electrospray ionization‐ion mobility separation–mass spectrometry. The chain extensions of the homopolymers for the second block of NIPAAm are analyzed with size‐exclusion chromatography. Amphiphilic block copolymers are obtained after hydrolysis of hydrophobic PSKA block to target hydrophilic poly(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl acrylate) block.
Quantitative CT scans of lung parenchymal pathology in premature infants ages 0–6 years
Authors: Spielberg David R. , Walkup Laura L. , Stein Jill M. , Crotty Eric J. , Rattan Mantosh S , Hossain Md Monir , Brody Alan S. , Woods Jason C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common, heterogeneous disease in premature infants. We hypothesized that quantitative CT techniques could assess lung parenchymal heterogeneity in BPD patients across a broad age range and demonstrate how pathologies change over time.MethodsA cross‐sectional, retrospective study of children age 0‐6 years with non‐contrast chest CT scans was conducted. BPD subjects met NICHD/NHLBI diagnostic criteria for BPD and were excluded for congenital lung/airway abnormalities or other known/suspected pulmonary diagnoses; control subjects were not premature and had normal CT scan findings. Radiologic opacities, lucencies, and spatial heterogeneity were quantified via: 1) thresholding using CT‐attenuation (HU); 2) manual segmentation; and 3) Ochiai reader‐scoring system. Clinical outcomes included BPD severity by NICHD/NHLBI criteria, respiratory support at NICU discharge, wheezing, and respiratory exacerbations.ResultsHeterogeneity (standard deviation) of lung attenuation in BPD was significantly greater than in controls (difference 36.4 HU [26.1‐46.7 HU], P < 0.001); the difference between the groups decreased 0.58 HU per month of age (0.08‐1.07 HU per month, P = 0.02). BPD patients had greater amounts of opacities and lucencies than controls except with automated quantification of lucencies. Cross‐sectionally, lucencies per Ochiai score and opacities per manual segmentation decreased with time. No approach measured a statistically significant relationship to BPD clinical severity.ConclusionsOpacities, lucencies, and overall heterogeneity of lungs via quantitative CT can distinguish BPD patients from healthy controls, and these abnormalities decrease with age across BPD patients. Defining BPD severity by clinical outcomes such as respiratory support at several time points (vs a single time point, per current guidelines) may be meaningful.
A dual Newton strategy for scenario decomposition in robust multistage MPC
Authors: Kouzoupis D. , Klintberg E. , Diehl M. , Gros S. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis paper considers the solution of tree‐structured quadratic programs as they may arise in multistage model predictive control. In this context, sampling the uncertainty on prescribed decision points gives rise to different scenarios that are linked to each other via the so‐called nonanticipativity constraints. Previous work suggests to dualize these constraints and apply Newton's method on the dual problem to achieve a parallelizable scheme. However, it has been observed that the globalization strategy in such an approach can be expensive. To alleviate this problem, we propose to dualize both the nonanticipativity constraints and the dynamics to obtain a computationally cheap globalization. The dual Newton system is then reformulated into small highly structured linear systems that can be solved in parallel to a large extent. The algorithm is complemented by an open‐source software implementation that targets embedded optimal control applications.
Image‐Guided Proper Liver Segmentectomy
Authors: Roncati L. , Manenti A. , Simonini E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe new cross‐sectional radiological tools, 3D computed tomography and magnetic resonance, allow a precise study of the liver anatomy. Thanks to these imaging techniques, a new space inside the liver parenchyma, the “hepatic core,” was recently recognized, where the hila of liver segments are present.MethodsOn the basis of anatomical and radiological observations, we identified a new virtual plane of dissection, named “hepato‐portal,” which is useful in liver segmentectomy, if integrated with the classical planes of dissection.ResultsSimulated surgical procedures can be intra‐operatively transferred by ultrasounds. In this way, we performed ten “proper” liver segmentectomies through preliminary sections of the hilar vessels and a precise dissection of the boundaries of each segment.ConclusionsOur experience underlines the value of integrating anatomy and radiology in the simulated liver surgery.
Pre-design of a commuter transport utilising Voltaic-Joule/Brayton motive power systems
Authors: Isikveren A. T. , Fefermann Y. , Maury C. , Level C. , Zarati K. , Salanne J.-P. , Pornet C. , Thoraval B. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis investigation surveyed the potential and established outcomes for future 19-passenger fixed-wing commuter transport aircraft concepts employing battery-based Voltaic-Joule/Brayton motive power systems with no additional electrical energy drawn from generators mechanically coupled to thermal engines. The morphological approach was that of a tri-prop (two on-wing podded turbo-props and one aft-fuselage mounted electric motor configured as a pusher-on-pylon installation). A Battery System-level Gravimetric Specific Energy (referred to as “battery energy density”) of at least 500 Wh/kg yielded 39%, 25% and 10% block fuel reductions for 150-nm (Design Service Goal), 430-nm (85th percentile) and 700-nm (maximum range) stage lengths, respectively. All quoted comparisons are against a suitably projected turbo-prop only year-2030 aircraft. In contrast to the reference Beech 1900D, block fuel reductions of up to 44-49% were predicted, which could facilitate a significantly lower deficit in relation to the Advisory Council for Aviation Research and Innovation in Europe (ACARE) Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (STRIA) 55% target for year 2030. This investigation also indicated that, in the future, suitably flexible hybrid-electric architectures could be fashioned allowing possibility for the aircraft to complete any required city-pair operations (within the legitimate payload-range working capacity) irrespective of exchangeable batteries being available at a given station. Finally, it was also established, assuming such a tri-prop morphology, Normal conducting machines delivering maximum shaft power output of 1.1 MW would be required.
Proton imaging of stochastic magnetic fields
Authors: Bott A. F. A. , Graziani C. , Tzeferacos P. , White T. G. , Lamb D. Q. , Gregori G. , Schekochihin A. A. 
Published: December 2017

Recent laser-plasma experiments (Foxet al.,Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 111, 2013, 225002; Huntingtonet al.,Nat. Phys., vol. 11(2), 2015, 173–176; Tzeferacoset al.,Phys. Plasmas, vol. 24(4), 2017a, 041404; Tzeferacoset al., 2017b,arXiv:1702.03016[physics.plasm-ph]) report the existence of dynamically significant magnetic fields, whose statistical characterisation is essential for a complete understanding of the physical processes these experiments are attempting to investigate. In this paper, we show how a proton-imaging diagnostic can be used to determine a range of relevant magnetic-field statistics, including the magnetic-energy spectrum. To achieve this goal, we explore the properties of an analytic relation between a stochastic magnetic field and the image-flux distribution created upon imaging that field. This ‘Kugland image-flux relation’ was previously derived (Kuglandet al., Rev. Sci. Instrum.vol. 83(10), 2012, 101301) under simplifying assumptions typically valid in actual proton-imaging set-ups. We conclude that, as with regular electromagnetic fields, features of the beam’s final image-flux distribution often display a universal character determined by a single, field-scale dependent parameter – the contrast parameter$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}\equiv d_{s}/{\mathcal{M}}l_{B}$– which quantifies the relative size of the correlation length$l_{B}$of the stochastic field, proton displacements$d_{s}$due to magnetic deflections and the image magnification${\mathcal{M}}$. For stochastic magnetic fields, we establish the existence of four contrast regimes, under which proton-flux images relate to their parent fields in a qualitatively distinct manner. These are linear, nonlinear injective, caustic and diffusive. The diffusive regime is newly identified and characterised. The nonlinear injective regime is distinguished from the caustic regime in manifesting nonlinear behaviour, but as in the linear regime, the path-integrated magnetic field experienced by the beam can be extracted uniquely. Thus, in the linear and nonlinear injective regimes we show that the magnetic-energy spectrum can be obtained under a further statistical assumption of isotropy. This is not the case in the caustic or diffusive regimes. We discuss complications to the contrast-regime characterisation arising for inhomogeneous, multi-scale stochastic fields, which can encompass many contrast regimes, as well as limitations currently placed by experimental capabilities on one’s ability to extract magnetic-field statistics. The results presented in this paper are of consequence in providing a comprehensive description of proton images of stochastic magnetic fields, with applications for improved analysis of proton-flux images.
PROGRESS, DESTRUCTION, AND THE ANTHROPOCENE
Authors: Moellendorf Darrel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:Enlightenment era optimism that technological and educational developments offer a progressive path to plenty and liberation supports a hope that human toil may be progressively reduced. The Development Thesis defended by G. A. Cohen is a piece of that Enlightenment optimism. The Development Thesis holds that productive forces tend to develop throughout history. The tendency for such an increase in productive forces to occur is, according to Cohen’s argument, due to persistent facts about human nature. If Cohen is correct, there is a tendency toward progress of an important sort, and this progress is due in significant part to human nature. But the development of productive forces also destroys nonhuman natural value. In the era of the Anthropocene this is occurring on a planetary scale. The simultaneous development and destruction entails that claims of progress must rely on an all-things-considered judgment. But due to the plurality of the relevant values, which cannot be compared according to a common metric, rational disagreement about the existence of progress and our progressive nature can be expected to persist.
WHY HASN’T ECONOMIC PROGRESS LOWERED WORK HOURS MORE?
Authors: Cowen Tyler 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:Why hasn’t economic progress lowered work hours more? One of Keynes’s most famous essays is his “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren.” Keynes predicts that within one hundred years — which would bring us to 2030 — most scarcity will have disappeared and most individuals will work no more than fifteen hours a week. My question is a simple one: Why wasn’t Keynes right? Why have working hours remained as long as they have? Why hasn’t progress taken a more leisurely and less material form than what we have observed? Investigating that issue will help us get at the question of just how much progress has occurred. Under one view, Western life has been caught in a kind of rat race, and a lot of the gains of progress are illusory. For instance there is the argument that higher incomes are largely consumed as part of a futile race to win relative status, and living standards aren’t nearly as high as they might appear. Under some alternative scenarios, people haven’t moved to Keynes’s scenario for some good reasons, such as enjoying work more than we might think, or other hypotheses, as I will outline. In that case the observed changes in real income are robust, and measured correctly, or progress may even be greater than income measurements would indicate. I hope that addressing Keynes’s paradox can help us better understand this longstanding debate on the nature of modern progress.
LIBERTY AGAINST PROGRESS
Authors: Tebble Adam James 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:The epistemic approach to liberalism not only clarifies some of the core features of progress-based arguments for liberty. For two reasons it provides grounds for doubting those arguments’ persuasiveness. The first reason emerges from the epistemic liberal explanation of economic recessions and of social regress as necessary consequences of our enjoying the individual liberty to adapt to our circumstances. Precisely because it secures personal choice with respect to the ends of life and the means to pursue them, liberty must be construed as at best necessary for the imperfect and costly realization of the interest individuals may have in personal advancement. Second, and in revealing the underlying logic of the economic and cultural processes that liberty makes possible, epistemic liberalism shows that it is to the notion of complex adaptation that we must look when seeking to evaluate the overall or aggregate results of liberty. Crucially, however, this means rejecting the notion of progress as fit to perform this ethico-historical evaluative role.
DISABILITY POLICY: ARE WE MAKING PROGRESS?
Authors: Burtt Shelley 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:This essay criticizes recent trends in disability policy as restrictive of individual liberty and informed by too narrow a definition of what constitutes human flourishing. I defend the value of intentional community settings as one legitimate residential option for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Recent federal regulations (HCBS Final Rule) define intentional communities or disability-specific housing as presumptively institutional in nature, misunderstanding the positive, noninstitutional features of intentional, integrated communities created by and for people with developmental disabilities. In addition, current disability policy, despite its stated concern for the autonomy of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, limits individual liberty by strictly defining the types of settings eligible for Medicaid waiver funding, expressly excluding agricultural communities, disability-specific residential settings, and intentional communities. A robust commitment to the autonomy of people receiving Medicaid waiver services would allow them to choose to direct their program dollars, recognizing that some individuals may choose a life in intentional community or with others facing similar challenges to themselves over an illusory “integration” into a wider society that remains too often unwelcoming and difficult to navigate.
Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells
Authors: Gao Chengde , Peng Shuping , Feng Pei , Shuai Cijun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing bone biomaterials with a focus on the following issues: (1) developing ideal biomaterials with a combination of suitable biological and mechanical properties; (2) constructing a cell microenvironment with pores ranging in size from nanoscale to submicro- and microscale; and (3) inducing the oriented differentiation of stem cells for artificial-to-biological transformation. Here we present a comprehensive review of the state of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells. Typical bone biomaterials that have been developed, including bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, and biodegradable metals, are reviewed, with an emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The necessary porous structure of bone biomaterials for the cell microenvironment is discussed, along with the corresponding fabrication methods. Additionally, the promising seed stem cells for bone repair are summarized, and their interaction mechanisms with bone biomaterials are discussed in detail. Special attention has been paid to the signaling pathways involved in the focal adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on bone biomaterials. Finally, achievements regarding bone biomaterials are summarized, and future research directions are proposed.
Reading and editing the Pleurodeles waltl genome reveals novel features of tetrapod regeneration
Authors: Elewa Ahmed , Wang Heng , Talavera-López Carlos , Joven Alberto , Brito Gonçalo , Kumar Anoop , Hameed L. Shahul , Penrad-Mobayed May , Yao Zeyu , Zamani Neda , Abbas Yamen , Abdullayev Ilgar , Sandberg Rickard , Grabherr Manfred , Andersson Björn , Simon András 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSalamanders exhibit an extraordinary ability among vertebrates to regenerate complex body parts. However, scarce genomic resources have limited our understanding of regeneration in adult salamanders. Here, we present the ~20 Gb genome and transcriptome of the Iberian ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl, a tractable species suitable for laboratory research. We find that embryonic stem cell-specific miRNAs mir-93b and mir-427/430/302, as well as Harbinger DNA transposons carrying the Myb-like proto-oncogene have expanded dramatically in the Pleurodeleswaltl genome and are co-expressed during limb regeneration. Moreover, we find that a family of salamander methyltransferases is expressed specifically in adult appendages. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to perturb transcription factors, we demonstrate that, unlike the axolotl, Pax3 is present and necessary for development and that contrary to mammals, muscle regeneration is normal without functional Pax7 gene. Our data provide a foundation for comparative genomic studies that generate models for the uneven distribution of regenerative capacities among vertebrates.
Gesundheitsschutz in der nephrologischen Pfleg
Authors: Drähne Angela 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Gesundheitsschutz in der nephrologischen Pflege beinhaltet verschiedene Aspekte und stellt sich als komplexer Prozess auf breiter
rechtlicher Grundlage dar. Die Betrachtung erfolgt hier nach Belastungsebenen und möglichen Interventionen. Die betrieblichen wie
persönlichen Gesichtspunkte können hierbei nur angerissen werden. Der demografische Wandel in unserer Bevölkerung hat Auswirkungen auf die
Pflegenden und muss bei der Planung des zukünftigen Arbeitslebens Beachtung finden. Ein betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement bringt Vorteile
für Arbeitnehmer wie Arbeitgeber. Es hilft dabei, Belastungen besser zu kompensieren. Fortbildung und Unterweisungen verbessern die
Arbeitszufriedenheit, bringen neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in das Unternehmen und fördern die Auseinandersetzung mit bestehenden
Prozessabläufen. So kann der nephrologische Pflegeprozess für alle Beteiligten gesundheitsfördernd gestaltet werden.