bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Characterization of a Covalent Monolayer Sheet Obtained by Two‐Dimensional Polymerization at an Air/Water Interface
Authors: Müller Vivian , Shao Feng , Baljozovic Milos , Moradi Mina , Zhang Yao , Jung Thomas , Thompson William B. , King Benjamin T. , Zenobi Renato , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis work describes a two‐dimensional polymerization at an air/water interface and provides, for the first time, direct spectroscopic evidence for the kind of crosslinks formed and for the conversion reached in a covalently bonded monolayer sheet. This evidence was obtained through a combination of a variety of monolayer characterization techniques before and after transfer onto solid substrates, in particular by tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and TERS mapping after transfer of both the monomer and polymer monolayer onto Au(111). This work is a major advance for the field of 2D polymers synthesized at the air/water interface as it, in principle, allows estimation of the crystallinity by percolation theory and the location of regions with defects.
A Redox Modulatory Mn3O4 Nanozyme with Multi‐Enzyme Activity Provides Efficient Cytoprotection to Human Cells in a Parkinson's Disease Model
Authors: Singh Namrata , Savanur Mohammed Azharuddin , Srivastava Shubhi , D'Silva Patrick , Mugesh Govindasamy 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNanomaterials with enzyme‐like activities (nanozymes) attracts significant interest due to their therapeutic potential for the treatment of various diseases. Herein, we report that a Mn3O4 nanozyme functionally mimics three major antioxidant enzymes, that is, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the multienzyme activity is size as well as morphology‐dependent. The redox modulatory effect of Mn3O4 plays a crucial role in protecting the cells from MPP+ induced cytotoxicity in a Parkinson disease (PD)‐like cellular model, indicating that manganese‐based nanomaterials having multi‐enzyme activity can robustly rescue the cells from oxidative damage and thereby possess therapeutic potential to prevent ROS‐mediated neurological disorders.
Drug delivery system based on poly(ether‐block‐amide) and acrylic acid for controlled release of vancomycin
Authors: Ortega Alejandra , Meléndez‐Ortiz H. Iván , García‐Uriostegui Lorena , Ávila‐Soria Griselda 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(ether‐block‐amide) (PEBA) films were grafted with acrylic acid (AAc) by gamma radiation, using the oxidative pre‐irradiation technique. The effect of dose, monomer concentration, temperature, and reaction time on the graft percentage of AAc onto PEBA was studied. The modified material PEBA‐g‐AAc was characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angle. It was found that PEBA films did not suffer degradation at low doses (<30 kGy) during the grafting process. Additionally, PEBA‐g‐AAc was proved as drug delivery system using vancomycin as drug model. The PEBA‐g‐AAc with 39 and 98% of AAc loaded 63 and 98 mg g−1, respectively. The release profiles showed a sustained delivery by 48 h with a partial retention of drug, which depends of grafting percentage. The microbiological tests showed that PEBA‐g‐AAc was able to inhibit the growing of Staphylococcus aureus in three consecutive challenges. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45745.
Fabrication of highly efficient ultraviolet absorbing PVDF membranes via surface polydopamine deposition
Authors: Dong Li , Liu Xiangdong , Xiong Zhengrong , Sheng Dekun , Lin Changhong , Zhou Yan , Yang Yuming 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPolydopamine (PDA) layers and particles self‐polymerized by dopamine have ultraviolet (UV) absorbing property besides versatility and adhesive ability. Herein, a facile strategy for preparing poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane coated with a thick PDA layer was developed to decrease UV transmittance through the surface modification of PVDF membrane. The PVDF membrane was modified by PDA deposition after pretreated with KOH/alcohol and KMnO4/KOH solution. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of coating conditions such as concentration of dopamine and Tris–HCl buffer solution, coating time, and temperature on the performance of membranes. The characterization results indicated that it is more conductive for PDA deposition on the surface PVDF‐OH films than original PVDF films. Most importantly, UV transmittance of PVDF‐OH film modified in dopamine solution under optimum condition for one time can decrease to as low as 0.122% at 320 nm, which showed excellent UV‐shielding property. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45746.
Antioxidants: Wonder drugs or quackery?
Authors: Azzi Angelo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn answer to the question posed by the title must be simple not to disturb in his tomb Albert Einstein, who wrote “Man muß die Dinge so einfach wie möglich machen. Aber nicht einfacher”. A simple answer (not simpler) can be: Antioxidants are not antioxidants, they are not wonder drugs and they are not all quackery; but they are not nothing. The arguments in support of this conundrumic statement will be developed below. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(6):785–788, 2017
Vinyldiazo Reagents and Metal Catalysts: A Versatile Toolkit for Heterocycle and Carbocycle Construction
Authors: Cheng Qing‐Qing , Yu Yang , Yedoyan Julietta , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOver the past decade, vinyldiazo compounds have provided mild, efficient, and highly selective methods for the construction of heterocycles and carbocycles. Dinitrogen extrusion with suitable catalysts provides the carbon framework for [3+n] cycloaddition with a large variety of dipolarophiles. This minireview, covering the latest achievements in the field of metal‐catalyzed cyclization reactions with vinyldiazo reagents, focuses on reagent‐ or catalyst‐dependent chemodivergence: different vinyldiazo reagents or metal catalysts direct reactions to different cyclization pathways that give different reaction outcomes. Accordingly, metal‐catalyzed cyclization reactions of vinyldiazo compounds with nitrosoarenes, nitrones, indoles, and other diazo compounds are chosen to showcase the controllable versatility of the combination of vinyldiazo reagents and metal catalysts.
Single Oxidative Collision Events of Silver Nanoparticles: Understanding the Rate‐Determining Chemistry
Authors: Ngamchuea Kamonwad , Clark Richard O. D. , Sokolov Stanislav V. , Young Neil P. , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Compton Richard G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe oxidative dissolution of citrate‐capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, ∼50 nm diameter) is investigated herein by two electrochemical techniques: nano‐impacts and anodic stripping voltammetry. Nano‐impacts or single nanoparticle‐electrode collisions allow the detection of individual nanoparticles. The technique offers an advantage over surface‐immobilized methods such as anodic stripping voltammetry as it eliminates the effects of particle agglomeration/aggregation. The electrochemical studies are performed in different electrolytes (KNO3, KCl, KBr and KI) at varied concentrations (≤20 mm). In nano‐impact measurements, the AgNP undergoes complete oxidation upon impact at a suitably potentiostated electrode. The frequency of the nanoparticle‐electrode collisions observed as current‐transient spikes depends on the electrolyte identity, its concentration and the potential applied at the working electrode. The frequencies of the spikes are significantly higher in the presence of halide ions and increase with increasing potentials. From the frequency, the rate of AgNP oxidation as compared with the timescale the AgNP is in electrical contact with the electrode can be inferred, and hence is indicative of the relative kinetics of the oxidation process. Primarily based on these results, we propose the initial formation of the silver (I) nucleus (Ag+, AgCl, AgBr or AgI) as the rate‐determining process of silver oxidation on the nanoparticle.
Evaluation of endometrial carcinoma prognostic immunohistochemistry markers in the context of molecular classification
Authors: Karnezis Anthony N , Leung Samuel , Magrill Jamie , McConechy Melissa K , Yang Winnie , Chow Christine , Kobel Martin , Lee Cheng-Han , Huntsman David G , Talhouk Aline , Kommoss Friederich , Gilks C Blake , McAlpine Jessica N 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMolecular subclassification of endometrial carcinoma (EC) with Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer (ProMisE) identifies four subtypes [DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) mutant, mismatch repair‐deficient, p53 wild‐type (wt), and p53 abnormal]. The aim of this study was to evaluate additional EC biomarkers in the context of these subtypes. Tissue microarrays encompassing 460 previously characterized ECs were assessed for L1‐cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, stathmin, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Associations with clinicopathological parameters, molecular subtype, and outcomes were determined. About 413 ECs (75% endometrioid, >15% serous) had complete data. L1CAM overexpression was found in 16%, associated with older age, lower body mass index (BMI), advanced stage, grade 3 (97%), non‐endometrioid histology (84%), deep myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and ER‐negative, PR‐negative status. Tumours overexpressing L1CAM were associated with poor outcomes {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] 3.35 [2.10–5.23] for disease‐specific survival [DSS], p < 0.0001}. PR positivity was associated with younger women, higher BMI, early stage (77% stage I), low grade (61%), endometrioid histology (90%) without LVSI or nodal disease, ER positivity (90%), p53wt tumours (55%), and favourable outcomes [HR (CI) 0.39 (0.25–0.62) for DSS, p < 0.0001]. ER positive tumours were early stage (73%), low grade, endometrioid histology, with improved DSS. Stathmin and PTEN IHC were not associated with outcomes. There was minimal agreement between IHC and mutation status for PTEN. L1CAM overexpression was significantly associated with the p53 abnormal molecular subtype, which accounted for more than 70% of the tumours overexpressing L1CAM. PR expression also correlated with molecular subtype, with most PR negative tumours being p53 abnormal. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that only ProMisE subtype [overall survival (OS), DSS, and progression‐free survival] and age (OS only) maintained an association with outcomes. The prognostic significance of the single biomarkers tested could be explained based on their being covariable with the ProMisE molecular subtype.
Determination of PD‐L1 expression in effusions from mesothelioma by immuno‐cytochemical staining
Authors: Mansour Mohammed S. I. , Seidal Tomas , Mager Ulrich , Baigi Amir , Dobra Katalin , Dejmek Annika 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDMalignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive, fatal tumor. Current therapeutic options only marginally improve survival. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is a dominant mediator of immunosuppression, binding to programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1). PD‐L1 is up‐regulated in cancer cells, and the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway plays a critical role in tumor immune evasion, thus providing a target for antitumor therapy. Further, a correlation between PD‐L1 expression and prognosis has been reported. Studies performed on histological material have revealed expression of PD‐L1 in MM, but no study has been performed on MM effusions thus far.METHODSPD‐L1 expression was determined by a commercially available antibody (clone 28‐8) in 74 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cell blocks from body effusions obtained at diagnosis from patients with MM. The presence of MM cells was confirmed with CK5/6, calretinin, and EMA and the admixture of macrophages was assessed with CD68. Only cases containing more than 100 tumor cells were assessed. Membranous staining in tumor cells was considered positive. Survival time was calculated from the appearance of the first malignant effusion until death.RESULTSReactivity was observed in 23 of 61 (38%) of cases and was classified as ≥1%‐5% (n = 9 cases), >5%‐10% (n = 4 cases), >10%‐50% (n = 4 cases), and >50% (n = 6 cases) positive cells. Survival times did not differ significantly between patients with PD‐L1–positive and PD‐L1–negative tumors.CONCLUSIONMM effusions are suitable for immune‐cytochemical assessment of PD‐L1 expression in malignant cells and the results are similar to those reported for histological specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:908‐17. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Dissecting LSD1‐Dependent Neuronal Maturation in the Olfactory Epithelium
Authors: Coleman Julie H. , Lin Brian , Schwob James E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNeurons in the olfactory epithelium (OE) each express a single dominant olfactory receptor (OR) allele from among roughly 1,000 different OR genes. While monogenic and monoallelic OR expression has been appreciated for over two decades, regulators of this process are still being described; most recently, epigenetic modifiers have been of high interest as silent OR genes are decorated with transcriptionally repressive trimethylated histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) whereas active OR genes are decorated with transcriptionally activating trimethylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3). The lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) demethylates at both of these lysine residues and has been shown to disrupt neuronal maturation and OR expression in the developing embryonic OE. Despite the growing literature on LSD1 expression in the OE, a complete characterization of the timing of LSD1 expression relative to neuronal maturation and of the function of LSD1 in the adult OE have yet to be reported. To fill this gap, the present study determined that LSD1 (1) is expressed in early dividing cells before OR expression and neuronal maturation and decreases at the time of OR stabilization; (2) colocalizes with the repressor CoREST (also known as RCOR1) and histone deacetylase 2 in these early dividing cells; and (3) is required for neuronal maturation during a distinct time window between activating reserve stem cells (horizontal basal cells) and Neurogenin1 (+) immediate neuronal precursors. Thus, this study clarifies the role of LSD1 in olfactory neuronal maturation.
Heuristics, Protocol, and Considerations for Flow Chemistry in Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Moschetta Eric G. , Richter Steven M. , Wittenberger Steven J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHeuristics for employing photoredox catalysts in coiled‐tube LED reactors for flow chemistry are presented. These heuristics focus on common reaction parameters (for example, reagent concentration, tube diameter and light intensity) designed to encompass as many photoredox systems as possible. A chemical actinometer based on a common photocatalyst, [Ru(bpy)3Cl2], is used to determine how each parameter affects the observed rate of reaction and the photon flux received in the reactor. These heuristics are then demonstrated using a photoredox reaction to see if they accurately predict flow reaction conditions that correspond to increased rates of reaction.
Methyl Jasmonate Ameliorates Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress‐Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Mouse Brain
Authors: Adebesin Adaeze , Ajayi Abayomi M. , Olonode Elizabeth O. , Omorogbe Osarume , Umukoro Solomon 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ; 5, 10, 20 mg/kg, i.p), a natural product widely used for the relief of stress, depression, and exhaustion on unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)‐induced depression‐like behaviors in mice was assessed and compared to those of imipramine (IMP; 10 mg/kg, i.p). MJ and IMP were given 30 min before exposure to UCMS with the procedure repeated daily for 2 weeks; 24 h after the stress session, the tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test were assessed. MJ decreased immobility time in the TST and reversed impaired intake of sucrose relative to the stressed control suggesting antidepressant‐like activity. MJ also reduced UCMS‐induced increases in corticosterone and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels and attenuated UCMS‐induced decreases in GSH and TNF‐α levels and SOD activity. These findings suggest that MJ attenuated UCMS‐induced depressive‐like behaviors through decreased levels of corticosterone and decreasing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in mouse brain.Drug Dev Res 78 : 381‐389, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What can Parents' Self‐report of Reading Difficulties Tell Us about Their Children's Emergent Literacy at School Entry?
Authors: Esmaeeli Zahra , Lundetræ Kjersti , Kyle Fiona E. 
Published: September 2017

Research has linked family risk (FR) of reading difficulties (RD) with children's difficulties in emergent literacy development. This study is the first to apply parents' self‐report of RD as a proxy for FR in a large sample (n = 1171) in order to test group differences in children's emergent literacy. Emergent literacy, the home literacy environment and children's interest in literacy and letters were compared across different groups of FR children around the school entry. The FR children performed lower in emergent literacy compared with not‐FR children. Furthermore, when comparing FR children with one parent reporting RD and children with both parents reporting RD, moderate group differences were found in Emergent Literacy. Finally, parents' self‐report of RD was a significant contributor of emergent literacy after controlling for the home literacy environment, children's gender, their interest in literacy and letters, months in kindergarten, vocabulary and parents' education. Our findings suggest that schools should monitor the reading development of children with parents self‐reporting RD closely – especially if both parents self‐report RD. © 2017 The Authors. Dyslexia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Assessing fire impacts on the carbon stability of fire‐tolerant forests
Authors: Bennett Lauren T. , Bruce Matthew J. , Machunter Josephine , Kohout Michele , Krishnaraj Saravanan Jangammanaidu , Aponte Cristina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe carbon stability of fire‐tolerant forests is often assumed but less frequently assessed, limiting the potential to anticipate threats to forest carbon posed by predicted increases in forest fire activity. Assessing the carbon stability of fire‐tolerant forests requires multi‐indicator approaches that recognize the myriad ways that fires influence the carbon balance, including combustion, deposition of pyrogenic material, and tree death, post‐fire decomposition, recruitment, and growth. Five years after a large‐scale wildfire in southeastern Australia, we assessed the impacts of low‐ and high‐severity wildfire, with and without prescribed fire (≤10 yr before), on carbon stocks in multiple pools, and on carbon stability indicators (carbon stock percentages in live trees and in small trees, and carbon stocks in char and fuels) in fire‐tolerant eucalypt forests. Relative to unburned forest, high‐severity wildfire decreased short‐term (five‐year) carbon stability by significantly decreasing live tree carbon stocks and percentage stocks in live standing trees (reflecting elevated tree mortality), by increasing the percentage of live tree carbon in small trees (those vulnerable to the next fire), and by potentially increasing the probability of another fire through increased elevated fine fuel loads. In contrast, low‐severity wildfire enhanced carbon stability by having negligible effects on aboveground stocks and indicators, and by significantly increasing carbon stocks in char and, in particular, soils, indicating pyrogenic carbon accumulation. Overall, recent preceding prescribed fire did not markedly influence wildfire effects on short‐term carbon stability at stand scales. Despite wide confidence intervals around mean stock differences, indicating uncertainty about the magnitude of fire effects in these natural forests, our assessment highlights the need for active management of carbon assets in fire‐tolerant eucalypt forests under contemporary fire regimes. Decreased live tree carbon and increased reliance on younger cohorts for carbon recovery after high‐severity wildfire could increase vulnerabilities to imminent fires, leading to decisions about interventions to maintain the productivity of some stands. Our multi‐indicator assessment also highlights the importance of considering all carbon pools, particularly pyrogenic reservoirs like soils, when evaluating the potential for prescribed fire regimes to mitigate the carbon costs of wildfires in fire‐prone landscapes.
Water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed post‐mining sites
Authors: Cejpek Jiří , Kuráž Václav , Vindušková Olga , Frouz Jan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWater regime, throughfall, stemflow, soil water storage, subsurface runoff, and meteorological parameters were studied during 2 years (2011–2012) in 2 reclaimed and 2 unreclaimed post‐mining sites near Sokolov (Czech Republic). All sites were 25–35 years old, covered by woody vegetation, and developed on the same overburden consisting of tertiary clays. Interception of water by vegetation was about one third of precipitation in both reclaimed and unreclaimed sites; stemflow also did not differ significantly between sites and represented less than 10% of interception. Both reclaimed and unreclaimed sites have stable amount of soil water in the soil profile independent of precipitation, but water storage in reclaimed sites was significantly higher. The results suggest that after 25–35 years, there is no major difference in water budget of reclaimed and unreclaimed sites that develop by unassisted natural succession.
Clinical practices and attitudes regarding the diagnosis and management of heart failure: findings from the CORE Needs Assessment Survey
Authors: Howlett Jonathan , Comin‐Colet Josep , Dickstein Kenneth , Fuat Ahmet , Pölzl Gerhard , Delaney Sean 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimsCORE is a continuing medical education initiative designed to support the evidence‐based management of heart failure (HF) in the primary and secondary care settings. The goal of the CORE Needs Assessment Survey is to describe current clinical practice patterns and attitudes among global stakeholders in HF care.Methods and resultsThe CORE Steering Committee guided the development of survey questions to assess clinical practice, confidence, and attitudes/perceptions among cardiologists, primary care physicians, and nurses involved in HF management. In total, 346 healthcare professionals from Australia (n = 59), Austria (n = 59), Canada (n = 60), Spain (n = 58), Sweden (n = 52), and the UK (n = 58) contributed survey data. Results revealed multiple gaps over the spectrum of HF care, including diagnosis (low recognition of the signs and symptoms of HF and limited use of diagnostic tests), treatment planning (underuse of recommended agents and subtherapeutic dosing), treatment monitoring and adjustment (lack of adherence to recommendations), and long‐term management (low confidence in providing patient education). Although primary care and specialist physicians and nurses shared common unmet needs, healthcare professional‐specific clinical gaps were also identified.ConclusionsThe CORE Needs Assessment Survey provides timely data describing current clinical practices and attitudes among physicians and nurses regarding key aspects of HF care. These findings will be useful for guiding the development of interventions tailored to the specific educational needs of different provider types and designed to support the evidence‐based care of patients with HF.