bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"To think so as to speak" The developmental consequences of languages use in teaching and learning in a primary school in Zimbabwe
Authors: NDLOVU SIBONOKUHLE NIL 
Published: June 2016

This article is based upon research that was carried in a rural school in Zimbabwe during the period 2010. The research problem in this study was the relationship in teaching, learning and cognitive development as elaborated by Vygotsky’s socio-cultural framework. Vygotsky argues that the socio-cultural context impacts significantly on the learner’s cognitive development. This study investigated specifically the aspect of the use of the Language of Teaching and Learning (LOTL) as an aspect that significantly influences teaching, learning and consequently cognitive development. This study was a response to Vygotsky’s (1978) cautioning against neglecting to consider the underlying causes that can be influential factors in the socio-cultural context and considering only surface and obvious ones. Thus, the study particularly examined the impact of the use of language in teaching and learning on learners’ cognitive development, using the Vygotskian theoretical conception of language and thought, in a cultural context of rural Zimbabwe schooling. A case study of one rural primary school has been used and data collection involved observation of classroom teaching and learning to find out how language is used and how learners respond during the learning process. The findings of the study were that teachers simultaneously use two language codes of English and native language of Ndebele as the mixed language code. Use of language this way is so as to help learners who are not the first speakers of English to understand concepts being taught in different subjects. However this has been found to have limitations in the development of both languages consequently impacting negatively on concept development and failure by learners to participate fully in learning activities. The article contributes to an understanding of the effects of the use of language on learners learning and cognitive development specifically and suggests ways in which teachers could effectively use language to assist their learners’ learning, cognitive development and understanding of concepts during learning.
Educating Marginalized Girls: Examining the Concept of Tuseme
Authors: Ongaga Kennedy O. , Ombonga Mary 
Published: June 2016

This article examines the concept of Tuseme, a Swahili word, meaning Let’s Speak Out and how it is used to empower girls in a Center of Excellence in Kenya. The Center serves as a school and home to girls rescued from female genital mutilation and child marriages. Data were collected from students, teachers and the Center’s principal. Findings indicated that Tuseme, through its creative activities, empowers students with life skills, including how to speak out, build self-confidence, decision making, negotiation and leadership skills. It also helps teachers to acquire and use gender-responsive instructional strategies, which boost girls’ academic success, self-efficacy and a consciousness to identify, understand, and articulate problems that affect them and take action to solve them.
Computer Literacy and Secondary School Teachers’ Job Effectiveness in Kwara State
Authors: Ogundele Michael Olarewaju , Etejere Patricia Agnes Ovigueraye 
Published: June 2016

This study investigated the relationship between computer literacy and teacher’s job effectiveness of secondary schools in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study was a correlation survey. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1800 respondents. The respondents were comprised of 40 principals, 80 vice principals, 120 heads of departments, 120 teachers, and 200 prefects totaling 600 respondents from each of the three senatorial districts in Kwara State. Five research hypotheses were generated for the study. Computer Literacy Questionnaire (CLQ) and Teacher’s Job Effectiveness Questionnaire (TJEQ) were used to collect relevant data. The instruments were validated and the reliability index of .63 and .69 was obtained for the (CLQ) and (TJEQ) respectively. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistic and t-test statistics and tested at .05 significance level. The findings revealed that computer literacy encourages appreciation and utilization of computers during teaching learning processes which invariably aid teachers’ job effectiveness, such as job performance, record keeping, school discipline, and supports students’ academic performance. It also revealed that computer literate teachers perform better in the schools than non-computer literate teachers in the schools by making use of computers during their teaching, the use of computers arouse students’ interest in the teachings which supports effective student academic performance. Those schools with non-computer literate teachers were never exposed to computers’ usage which detracted from effective teaching and learning in the schools. It was recommended that computer systems be supplied to every school for the teachers and students use by the government, nongovernmental agencies, and philanthropists. Also all teachers should be encouraged by the government through provision of in service computer training opportunities. In doing so, teachers’ job effectiveness in Kwara State secondary schools will improve.
Assessing final year undergraduate student teacher on school based teaching practice at the Polytechnic of the University Malawi: a dual assessment process
Authors: Kaphesi Elias 
Published: June 2016

The present study was an evaluation of assessment of fourth year undergraduate student teachers on teaching practice in secondary schools. The study was carried out in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the Malawi Polytechnic of the University of Malawi. A total number of 18 (14 males, 4 females) mathematical sciences education students of the Polytechnic of the University of Malawi were included in the study. The assessment grades and supervision comments were taken by using instruments designed and approved by the department. All the measurements were taken by observing a student teacher planning and delivering a lesson as part of a requirement of the degree of bachelor of education in mathematical sciences education of the University of Malawi. Obtained data was analysed and attempt was made to find out correlation between assessment grade and the supervision comments based on the observed lesson. A positive correlation of grades was observed with the comments made and that the grade given to each individual student was lower than what the comments suggests regarding the quality of the student. The results raise the question of the validity and authenticity of assessment and supervision conducted by teacher educators. The results of the present study would be useful for teacher trainers/educators involved in assessing and supervising students during teaching practices.
Un’indagine nella retorica: dalla vulnerabilità sociale di Zola alla deumanizzazione di Kafka
Authors: Zambrano Virginia 
Published: June 2016

Per i giuristi, mettere in relazione diritto e letteratura è importante. La congiunzione dei due elementi permette di corrodere la dogmatica giuridica, desacralizzare e restituire il diritto alla propria misura e alla misura dell’etica. Ciò che, infatti, la letteratura insegna, rispetto all’assetto astrattamente codificato del diritto, è l’inesistenza di leggi generali nell’esperienza vissuta. Ne consegue che le condanne, come le assoluzioni, sono inevitabilmente imperfette: siamo tutti in qualche modo colpevoli, ma anche, secondo diverso angolo di lettura, tutti innocenti. E se i decreti di colpevolezza assoluta appaiono inadeguati nelle opere di Proust, Musil e Hofmannsthal, non diversa è la situazione che si respira nell’universo di Kafka e di Zola. A questa prima decostruzione del diritto se ne aggiunge una seconda, ancor più radicale, relativa non più ai suoi limiti, ma alla stessa essenza del diritto. Non solo il sistema normativo non riesce ad incasellare nelle proprie griglie una realtà umana sfuggente ad un ordine prefissato, ma, tutt’altro che situarsi al polo opposto della violenza criminale, confina ambiguamente con essa. In questo senso, l’intersezione fra diritto e letteratura insegna che le situazioni individuali vanno sempre calate in quel caleidoscopio sociale, culturale, storico, economico, che condiziona i nostri atti non meno della nostra volontà.
Parallel Multiscale Linear Solver for Highly Detailed Reservoir Models
Authors: Manea A. M. , Sewall J.. , Tchelepi H. A. 
Published: June 2016

Summary
To realize the potential of the latest high-performance computing (HPC) architectures for reservoir simulation, scalable linear solvers are necessary. We describe a parallel algebraic multiscale solver (AMS) for the pressure equation of heterogeneous reservoir models. AMS is a two-level algorithm that uses domain decomposition with a localization assumption. In AMS, basis functions, which are local (subdomain) solutions computed during the setup phase, are used to construct the coarse-scale system and grid-transfer operators between the fine and coarse levels. The solution phase is composed of two stages: global and local. The global stage involves solving the coarse-scale system and interpolating the solution to the fine grid. The local stage involves application of a smoother on the fine-scale approximation.
The design and implementation of a scalable AMS on multicore and many-core architectures, including the decomposition, memory allocation, data flow, and compute kernels, are described in detail. These adaptations are necessary to obtain good scalability on state-of-the-art HPC systems. The specific methods and parameters, such as the coarsening ratio (Cr), basis-function solver, and relaxation scheme, have significant effects on the asymptotic convergence rate and parallel computational efficiency.
The balance between convergence rate and parallel efficiency as a function of Cr and the local stage parameters is analyzed in detail. The performance of AMS is demonstrated using heterogeneous 3D reservoir models, including geostatistically generated fields and models derived from SPE10 (Christie and Blunt 2001). The problems range in size from several million to 128 million cells. AMS shows excellent behavior for handling fixed-size problems as a function of the number of cores (so-called strong scaling). Specifically, for a 128-million-cell problem, a ninefold speedup is obtained on a single-node 12-core shared-memory architecture (dual-socket multicore Intel Xeon E5-2620-v2), and more than 12-fold on a single-node 20-core shared-memory architecture (dual-socket multicore Intel Xeon E5-2690-v2). These are encouraging results given the limited memory bandwidth that cores can share within a single node, which tends to be the major bottleneck for truly scalable solvers. We also compare the robustness and performance of our method with the parallel system algebraic mutligrid (SAMG) solver (Stüben 2012) from Fraunhofer SCAI.
Biological and Immunogenicity Property of IgY Anti S. mutans ComD
Authors: Bachtiar E.W. , Bachtiar B.M. , Soejoedono R.D. , Wibawan I.W. , Afdhal A. 
Published: June 2016

Objective:This study aims to elucidate the effect of IgY anti ComD on the biological properties ofStreptococcus mutans. (S. mutans)ComD is an interspecies quorum-sensing signaling receptor that plays an important role in biofilm formation byS. mutans.Materials and Methodology:Egg yolk IgY was produced by the immunization of chickens with a DNA vaccine containing the ComD DNA coding region. We evaluated the effect of the antibody on biofilm formation byS. mutansisolated from subjects with or without dental caries. We also assessed the immunoreactivity of the antibody against all isolates, and analyzed the protein profile ofS. mutansby SDS-PAGE.Results:The ComD antibody was successfully induced in the hens’ eggs. It inhibited biofilm formation by allS. mutansisolates. In addition, the expression of some protein bands was affected after exposure to the antibody.Conclusion:IgYanti-S. mutansComD reduces biofilm formation by this bacterium and alters the protein profile ofS. mutans.
HIV Infection Care and Viral Suppression Among People Who Inject Drugs, 28 U.S. Jurisdictions, 2012-2013
Authors: Karch Debra L. , Gray Kristen Mahle , Shi Jing , Hall H. Irene 
Published: June 2016

Objectives:
Assess outcomes along the care continuum for HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID), by type of facility and stage of infection at diagnosis.

Methods:
Data reported by 28 jurisdictions to the National HIV Surveillance System by December 2014 were used to identify PWID aged ≥13 years, diagnosed with HIV infection before December 31, 2013. Analyses used the CDC definition of linkage to care (LTC), retention in care (RIC), and viral suppression (VS), and are stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and type of facility and stage of HIV infection at diagnosis.

Results:
Of 1,409 PWID diagnosed with HIV in 2013, 1,116 (79.2%) were LTC with the lowest percentages among males (78.4%); blacks (77.5%) ages 13-24 years (69.0%); those diagnosed in early stage infection (71.6%); and at screening, diagnostic, or referral agencies (60.0%). Of 80,958 PWID living with HIV in 2012, 40,234 (49.7%) were RIC and 34,665 (42.8%) achieved VS. The lowest percentages for RIC and VS were among males (47.1% and 41.3% respectively); those diagnosed with late stage disease (47.1% and 42.4%); and young people. Whites had the lowest RIC (47.0%) while blacks had the lowest VS (41.1%).

Conclusion:
Enhanced LTC activities are needed for PWID diagnosed at screening, diagnostic or referral agencies versus those diagnosed at inpatient or outpatient settings, especially among young people and blacks diagnosed in early stage infection. Less than half of PWID are retained in care or reach viral suppression indicating the need for continued engagement and return to care activities over the long term.
Private Information, Performance Measurement Bias, and Leading by Example
Authors: Rothenberg Naomi R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper studies the effect of performance measurement error and bias on the principal's preference for a leader, who signals private information about a favorable common shock to a follower. Without a leader, both agents are privately informed and relative performance evaluation is optimal due to its ability to remove the common shock. An increase in the conservative bias can increase or decrease compensation, depending on the likelihood of the common shock. With leading by example, joint performance evaluation can be optimal for the leader, reducing the leader's incentives to free ride on the follower and an increase in the conservative bias reduces compensation. The principal prefers a leader if the likelihood of the common shock is low, or if agents' outputs are more likely to be independent. Further, the more accurate the performance measure, the principal's preference for a leader decreases, but the effect of conservatism is mixed.
JEL Classifications: D23; D82; J33; M41.
Sedation and mechanical hypoalgesia after sublingual administration of detomidine hydrochloride gel to donkeys
Authors: Lizarraga Ignacio , Castillo-Alcala Fernanda , Varner Kelley M. , Robinson Lauren S. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare sedative and mechanical hypoalgesic effects of sublingual administration of 2 doses of detomidine gel to donkeys.
DESIGN Randomized blinded controlled trial.
ANIMALS 6 healthy castrated male donkeys.
PROCEDURES In a crossover study design, donkeys received each of the following sublingual treatments 1 week apart in a randomly assigned order: 1 mL of molasses (D0) or detomidine hydrochloride gel at 20 μg/kg (9 μg/lb; D20) or 40 μg/kg (18 μg/lb; D40). Sedation score (SS), head height above the ground (HHAG), and mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) were assessed before and for 180 minutes after treatment. Areas under the effect change-versus-time curves (AUCs) from 0 to 30, 30 to 60, 60 to 120, and 120 to 180 minutes after administration were computed for SS, HHAG, and MNT and compared among treatments.
RESULTS D20 and D40 resulted in greater SS AUCs from 60 to 120 minutes and smaller HHAG AUCs from 30 through 180 minutes than did D0. The D40 resulted in smaller HHAG AUCs from 60 to 120 minutes than did D20. Compared with D0 values, MNT AUCs from 60 to 120 minutes were higher for D20, whereas MNT AUCs from 30 through 180 minutes were higher for D40.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE D20 and D40 induced sedation and mechanical hypoalgesia in donkeys by > 30 minutes after administration, but only sedation was dose dependent. Sublingual administration of detomidine gel at 40 μg/kg may be useful for sedation of standing donkeys prior to potentially painful minor procedures.
Detection and DNA quantification of Enterococcus casseliflavus in a foal with septic meningitis
Authors: Stefanetti Valentina , Beccati Francesca , Passamonti Fabrizio , Sgariglia Elisa , Coletti Mauro , Vuerich Matteo , Marenzoni Maria Luisa 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 3-month-old 180-kg (396-lb) Hanoverian colt was examined because of fever, lethargy, inappetence, drooping of the left ear, and stiff neck posture. Initial treatment included empirical antimicrobial treatment and NSAIDs.
CLINICAL FINDINGS Initial findings were consistent with CNS anomalies. Endoscopy revealed hyperemia, ecchymosis, and some mucopurulent exudate in the right guttural pouch. Hematologic findings were consistent with neutrophilic inflammation. On the third day of hospitalization, severe neurologic signs were observed. Computed tomography of the skull revealed a comminuted fracture of the axial aspect of the right mandibular condyle. Examination of CSF revealed turbidity, xanthochromia, and intracellular and extracellular cocci, consistent with septic meningitis. After DNA extraction from blood and CSF, sequenced products from a PCR assay for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were 99% identical to Enterococcus casseliflavus. Microbial culture of CSF and blood samples yielded bacteria with Enterococcus spp morphology; antimicrobials were selected on the basis of susceptibility testing that identified the isolate as vancomycin resistant. A quantitative PCR assay was used to estimate Enterococcus DNA concentrations in CSF and blood.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Treatment for E casseliflavus meningitis, including trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and ampicillin sodium administration, resulted in resolution of clinical signs. Culture of CSF and blood samples after 12 days of the targeted treatment yielded no growth.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the authors' knowledge, this was the first report of E casseliflavus meningitis in a horse. Treatment was successful; vancomycin-resistant enterococci can be a clinical problem and may potentially be zoonotic.
Study on effects of mixing vane grids on coolant temperature distribution by subchannel analysis
Authors: Mao H. , Yang B.-W. , Han B. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Mixing vane grids (MVG) have great influence on coolant temperature field in the rod bundle. The MVG could enhance convective heat transfer between the fuel rod wall and the coolant, and promote inter-subchannel mixing at the same time. For the influence of the MVG on convective heat transfer enhancement, many experiments have been done and several correlations have been developed based on the experimental data. However, inter-subchannel mixing promotion caused by the MVG is not well estimated in subchannel analysis because the information of mixing vanes is totally missing in most subchannel codes. This paper analyzes the influence of mixing vanes on coolant temperature distribution using the improved MVG model in subchannel analysis. The coolant temperature distributions with the MVG are analyzed, and the results show that mixing vanes lead to a more uniform temperature distribution. The performances of split vane grids under different power conditions are evaluated. The results are compared with those of spacer grids without mixing vanes and some conclusions are obtained.
Numerical method improvement for a subchannel code
Authors: Ding W. J. , Gou J. L. , Shan J. Q. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Previous studies showed that the subchannel codes need most CPU time to solve the matrix formed by the conservation equations. Traditional matrix solving method such as Gaussian elimination method and Gaussian-Seidel iteration method cannot meet the requirement of the computational efficiency. Therefore, a new algorithm for solving the block penta-diagonal matrix is designed based on Stone's incomplete LU (ILU) decomposition method. In the new algorithm, the original block penta-diagonal matrix will be decomposed into a block upper triangular matrix and a lower block triangular matrix as well as a nonzero small matrix. After that, the LU algorithm is applied to solve the matrix until the convergence. In order to compare the computational efficiency, the new designed algorithm is applied to the ATHAS code in this paper. The calculation results show that more than 80 % of the total CPU time can be saved with the new designed ILU algorithm for a 324-channel PWR assembly problem, compared with the original ATHAS code.
Analysis of heat transfer under high heat flux nucleate boiling conditions
Authors: Liu Y. , Dinh N. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Analysis was performed for a heater infrared thermometric imaging temperature data obtained from high heat flux pool boiling and liquid film boiling experiments BETA. With the OpenFOAM solver, heat flux distribution towards the coolant was obtained by solving transient heat conduction of heater substrate given the heater surface temperature data as boundary condition. The so-obtained heat flux data was used to validate them against the state-of-art wall boiling model developed by Shaver [1] with the assumption of micro-layer hydrodynamics. Good agreement was found between the model prediction and data for conditions away from the critical heat flux (CHF). However, the data indicate a different heat transfer pattern under CHF, which is not captured by the current model. Experimental data strengthen the notion of burnout caused by the irreversible hot spot due to failure of rewetting. The observation forms a basis for a detailed modeling of micro-layer hydrodynamics under high heat flux.
Simulation of isothermal multi-phase fuel-coolant interaction using MPS method with GPU acceleration
Authors: Gou W. , Zhang S. , Zheng Y. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The energetic fuel-coolant interaction (FCI) has been one of the primary safety concerns in nuclear power plants. Graphical processing unit (GPU) implementation of the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is presented and used to simulate the fuel coolant interaction problem. The governing equations are discretized with the particle interaction model of MPS. Detailed implementation on single-GPU is introduced. The three-dimensional broken dam is simulated to verify the developed GPU acceleration MPS method. The proposed GPU acceleration algorithm and developed code are then used to simulate the FCI problem. As a summary of results, the developed GPU-MPS method showed a good agreement with the experimental observation and theoretical prediction.