bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into gully formation on Mars: Constraints from composition as seen by MRO/CRISM
Authors: Núñez J. I. , Barnouin O. S. , Murchie S. L. , Seelos F. P. , McGovern J. A. , Seelos K. D. , Buczkowski D. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOver 100 Martian gully sites were analyzed using orbital data collected by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Most gullies are spectrally indistinct from their surroundings, due to mantling by dust. Where spectral information on gully sediments was obtained, a variety of mineralogies were identified. Their relationship to the source rock suggests that gully‐forming processes transported underlying material downslope. There is no evidence for specific compositions being more likely to be associated with gullies or with the formation of hydrated minerals in situ as a result of recent liquid water activity. Seasonal CO2 and H2O frosts were observed in gullies at middle to high latitudes, consistent with seasonal frost‐driven processes playing important roles in the evolution of gullies. Our results do not clearly indicate a role for long‐lived liquid water in gully formation and evolution.
Modulation of the summer hydrological cycle evolution over western Europe by anthropogenic aerosols and soil‐atmosphere interactions
Authors: Boé J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLarge decadal variations in solar radiation at surface have been observed over Europe for 60 years. These variations might have impacted the hydrological cycle, through a modulation of the energy available for evapotranspiration. Here a large ensemble of climate models is analyzed to characterize the impacts of anthropogenic aerosols on the hydrological cycle over western Europe in summer and the associated uncertainties. Some models simulate strong aerosols‐driven changes in evapotranspiration and also precipitation on the historical period, while other models show virtually no impact. These opposed responses are largely determined by two seemingly independent properties of the models: the magnitude of the impact of anthropogenic aerosols on solar radiation and whether evapotranspiration is predominantly water or energy limited. Both properties, characterized on the past climate, are highly uncertain in current climate models and continue to impact the evolution of the hydrological cycle through the 21st century.
Treatment of Adolescents Who Have Sexually Offended
Authors: Worling James R. , Langton Calvin M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTreatment for adolescents who have offended sexually has gradually moved away from a reliance on techniques and approaches designed for adults. There has also been a recognition of the significant heterogeneity of this population, the need to consider treatment processes rather than just tools and techniques, and the requirement that treatment be based on a comprehensive assessment of strengths, risks, and needs. With a focus on the empirical evidence (or lack thereof), common treatment goals and approaches for adolescents who have sexually offended are discussed.
Polysiloxane graft poly(2‐vinylpyridine) copolymer‐based capillary coating for separation of dsDNA
Authors: Yang Runmiao , Dong Guanxiu , Liu Yuhai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPolyether‐modified polysiloxane graft poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PMP‐g‐P2VP) copolymer, which was confirmed by NMR spectra and GPC, was synthesized for separation of dsDNA by capillary electrophoresis. EOF measurement results showed that the synthesized copolymer‐coated capillaries in this report could suppress EOF effectively compared to the bare fused‐silica capillaries. The effectiveness of PMP‐g‐P2VP polymer as a media for DNA analysis was discussed. Significant improvement in resolution of dsDNA analysis was demonstrated compared to the conventional polymer matrix. Results showed that 100‐bp DNA ladder samples achieved separation in a 30 cm effective capillary length at 2.0% concentration by using this copolymer. Finally, the relationships between morphologies of copolymer in glass surface and the separation efficiencies were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Asthma associated with chronic rhinosinusitis: a population‐based study
Authors: Chen Yu‐Ting , Chien Chen‐Yu , Tai Shu‐Yu , Huang Chiu‐Mieh , Lee Charles Tzu‐Chi 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundFew studies have investigated the relationship between asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The present study investigated the association between asthma and the risk of CRS in a large national sample.MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with asthma (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD‐9], Clinical Modification code 493) between 2000 and 2008 were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The cases were compared with sex‐, age‐, residence‐, and insurance premium–matched controls, and both groups were followed until the end of 2009 for incidences of CRS with or without nasal polyps (CRSwNP or CRSsNP, respectively). Competing risk‐adjusted Cox regression analyses were performed after adjustment for sex, age, residence, insurance premium, steroid use, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, Charlson comorbidity index score, and mortality. We also performed a case‐control study to determine the association between asthma and CRS.ResultsThe cohort study analysis examined 81,462 patients with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) follow‐up period of 5.8 ± 2.4 years. Asthma was an independent predictor of CRSsNP (hazard ratio = 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.20 to 3.03; p < 0.001) in the fully adjusted models. In the case‐control analysis, both CRSwNP and CRSsNP were associated with asthma in the fully adjusted models.ConclusionAsthma was associated with increased risks of CRSwNP and CRSsNP, independent of several potential confounding factors.
HfMnSb2: A Metal‐Ordered NiAs‐type Pnictide with a Conical Spin Order
Authors: Murakami Taito , Yamamoto Takafumi , Tassel Cédric , Takatsu Hiroshi , Ritter Clemens , Ajiro Yoshitami , Kageyama Hiroshi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe NiAs‐type structure is one of the most common structures in solids, but metal order has been almost exclusively limited to chalcogenides. The synthesis of HfMnSb2 is reported with a novel metal‐ordered NiAs‐type structure. HfMnSb2 undergoes a conical spin order below 270 K, in marked contrast to conventional magnetic order observed in NiAs‐type pnictides. We argue that the layered arrangement of Hf and Mn makes it a quasi 2D magnet, where the Mn layers with localized magnetic moments (Mn2+; S=5/2) can interact only through RKKY interactions, instead of metal–metal bonding that is otherwise dominant for typical NiAs‐type pnictides. This result suggests that controlling order–disorder in NiAs‐type pnictides enables a study of 2D‐to‐3D crossover behavior in itinerant magnetic system.
Totalsynthese, Struktur und biologische Aktivität von Adenosylrhodibalamin, dem unnatürlichen Rhodiumhomologen von Coenzym B12
Authors: Widner Florian J. , Lawrence Andrew D. , Deery Evelyne , Heldt Dana , Frank Stefanie , Gruber Karl , Wurst Klaus , Warren Martin J. , Kräutler Bernhard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractB12 ist ein einzigartiges Vitamin, da es nur von bestimmten Prokaryoten synthetisiert werden kann. Die Komplexität seiner Biosynthese resultiert aus der für biochemische Prozesse essenziellen Cobalt‐Corrinstruktur, die dem Coenzym B12 (AdoCbl) die Fähigkeit zur Katalyse enzymatischer Radikalreaktionen verleiht. Was macht aber gerade Cobalt so passend für seine Rolle in B12‐abhängigen Enzymen? Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, wurde Cobalt in AdoCbl gegen Rhodium ausgetauscht; hierfür wurde das Rh‐Analog 5′‐Desoxy‐5′‐adenosylrhodibalamin (AdoRbl) de novo mittels kombinierter biologischer und chemischer Totalsynthese hergestellt. AdoRbl zeigte keine Aktivität in einem mikrobiellen Methionin‐Synthase‐Bioassay in vivo und war ein In‐vitro‐Inhibitor einer AdoCbl‐abhängigen Diol‐Dehydratase. NMR‐Analysen zeigten hohe Strukturähnlichkeit von AdoRbl mit AdoCbl. Beim Vergleich der Strukturen im Kristall wurde aber festgestellt, dass RhIII besser in den Corrinring passt als CoIII, was Fragen zur gegenwärtigen Sicht über die Evolution der Corrine aufwirft.
Dynamic Self‐Assembly Adhesion of a Paraquat Droplet on a Pillar[5]arene Surface
Authors: Luo Li , Nie Guanrong , Tian Demei , Deng Hongtao , Jiang Lei , Li Haibing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe adhesion of herbicide droplets on leaf surfaces plays an important role in the herbicide's adsorption by crops. How to control the adhesive binding which occurs through dynamic self‐assembly between the macroscopic droplet and the surface is a challenging task. We introduce a host onto surfaces that controls the binding of guests in the paraquat droplets. The pillar[5]arene‐functional surface showed the selective binding of paraquat droplets via the host–guest interaction. The work is promising for improving the efficiency of herbicides.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Regioselective Alkylation of Pyridine N‐Oxides Using 1,1‐Diborylalkanes as Alkylating Reagents
Authors: Jo Woohyun , Kim Junghoon , Choi Seoyoung , Cho Seung Hwan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReported herein is an unprecedented base‐promoted deborylative alkylation of pyridine N‐oxides using 1,1‐diborylalkanes as alkyl sources. The reaction proceeds efficiently for a wide range of pyridine N‐oxides and 1,1‐diborylalkanes with excellent regioselectivity. The utility of the developed method is demonstrated by the sequential C−H arylation and methylation of pyridine N‐oxides. The reaction also can be applied for the direct introduction of a methyl group to 9‐O‐methylquinine N‐oxide, thus it can serve as a powerful method for late‐stage functionalization.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Addition of Enamides to ortho‐Quinone Methide Imines—An Efficient and Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Tetrahydroacridines
Authors: Kretzschmar Martin , Hodík Tomáš , Schneider Christoph 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe direct and highly enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydroacridines was achieved through the phosphoric acid catalyzed addition of enamides to in situ generated ortho‐quinone methide imines and subsequent elimination. This novel one‐step process constitutes a very efficient, elegant, and selective synthetic approach to valuable N‐heterocycles with a 1,4‐dihydroquinoline motif. By subsequent highly diastereoselective hydrogenation and N‐deprotection the reaction products were easily converted into free hexahydroacridines with a total of three new stereogenic centers.
HPLC analysis of in vivo intestinal absorption and oxidative metabolism of salicylic acid in the rat
Authors: Kuzma Mónika , Nyúl Eszter , Mayer Mátyás , Fischer Emil , Perjési Pál 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn vivo absorption and oxidative metabolism of salicylic acid in rat small intestine was studied by luminal perfusion experiment. Perfusion through the lumen of proximal jejunum with isotonic medium containing 250 μm sodium salicylate was carried out. Absorption of salicylate was measured by a validated HPLC‐DAD method which was evaluated for a number of validation characteristics (specificity, repeatability and intermediate precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity and accuracy). The method was linear over the concentration range 0.5–50 μg/mL. After liquid–liquid extraction of the perfusion samples oxidative biotransformation of salicylate was also investigated by HPLC‐MS. The method was linear over the concentration range 0.25–5.0 μg/mL. Two hydroxylated metabolites of salicylic acid (2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) were detected and identified. The mean recovery of extraction was 72.4% for 2,3‐DHB, 72.5% for 2,5‐DHB and 50.1% for salicylic acid, respectively. The methods were successfully applied to investigate jejunal absorption and oxidative metabolism of sodium salicylate in experimental animals. The methods provide analytical background for further metabolic studies of salycilates under modified physiological conditions.
An Adaptive Pseudospectral Method for Constrained Dynamic Optimization Problems in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Xiao Long , Liu Xinggao , He Shiming 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn adaptive pseudospectral method with two novel strategies is proposed to solve constrained dynamic optimization problems in chemical engineering. The first strategy is to introduce slope information in designing appropriate subintervals, so that the approach becomes more efficient to track the optimal control profiles. The second strategy is to redistribute the collocation points based on the approximation error, thus ensuring the accuracy of the method. Two constrained dynamic optimization problems with multiple control variables are tested as illustrations, and the proposed approach is compared with other methods. The research results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the solution accuracy of dynamic optimization problems.
A Frustrated Phosphane–Borane Lewis Pair and Hydrogen: A Kinetics Study
Authors: Özgün Thomas , Bergander Klaus , Liu Lei , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Grimme Stefan , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe energy profile of a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) dihydrogen splitting system was determined by a combined experimental kinetic and DFT study. A trimethylene‐bridged phosphane–borane FLP was converted into its endothermic H2‐cleavage product by sequential H+/H− addition. The system could be handled at low temperature, and the kinetics of the H2 elimination were determined to give a rate constant of kHH,exp(299 K)=(2.87±0.1)×10−4 s−1 in solution. The primary kinetic isotope effects were determined; for example, (kHH/kDD)exp=3.19. The system was accurately analyzed by DFT calculations.
Feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) item banks for routine surveillance of sleep and fatigue problems in ambulatory cancer care
Authors: Leung Yvonne W. , Brown Catherine , Cosio Andrea Perez , Dobriyal Aditi , Malik Noor , Pat Vivien , Irwin Margaret , Tomasini Pascale , Liu Geoffrey , Howell Doris 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDRoutine screening for problematic symptoms is emerging as a best practice in cancer systems globally. The objective of this observational study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computerized adaptive testing (CAT) for fatigue and sleep‐disturbance items compared with legacy measures in routine ambulatory cancer care.METHODSPatients who attended outpatient clinics at the Princess Margaret Cancer Center completed PROMIS CAT item banks and legacy measures (the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy [FACIT]‐Fatigue scale and the Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]) using tablet computers during clinic visits. The completion rates, patient acceptability, and diagnostic accuracy of PROMIS CAT were evaluated against legacy measures using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.RESULTSParticipants consisted of 336 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 57.4 ± 15.7 years; 55% females; 75% Caucasian). Over 98% of patients did not find symptom screening was burdensome, although only 65% were willing to complete the survey at every visit. PROMIS CAT scores were significantly correlated with both FACIT‐Fatigue scores (r = −0.83) and ISI scores (r = −0.57; p < 0.0001 for all). Areas under the curve (AUC) by ROC analysis for fatigue were 0.946 using the FACIT‐Fatigue cutoff ≤30, 0.910 for sleep disturbance, and 0.922 for sleep impairment using the ISI cutoff ≥15. The recommended T‐score cut‐off for PROMIS CAT Fatigue was 57, Sleep Disturbance was 57, and Sleep Impairment was 57.CONCLUSIONSThe current results support the feasibility and accuracy of PROMIS CAT and its potential for use in routine ambulatory cancer care. Future research will assess feedback of these data to clinicians and evaluate effects on earlier identification of and intervention for these problems. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2906–2917. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Highly personalized detection of minimal Ewing sarcoma disease burden from plasma tumor DNA
Authors: Hayashi Masanori , Chu David , Meyer Christian F. , Llosa Nicolas J. , McCarty Gregory , Morris Carol D. , Levin Adam S. , Wolinsky Jean‐Paul , Albert Catherine M. , Steppan Diana A. , Park Ben Ho , Loeb David M. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDEven though virtually all patients with Ewing sarcoma achieve a radiographic complete response, up to 30% of patients who present with localized disease and up to 90% of those who present with metastases experience a metastatic disease recurrence, highlighting the inability to identify patients with residual disease at the end of therapy. Up to 95% of Ewing sarcomas carry a driving EWS‐ETS translocation that has an intronic breakpoint that is specific to each tumor, and the authors developed a system to quantitatively detect the specific breakpoint DNA fragment in patient plasma.METHODSThe authors used a long‐range multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to identify tumor‐specific EWS‐ETS breakpoints in Ewing sarcoma cell lines, patient‐derived xenografts, and patient tumors, and this sequence was used to design tumor‐specific primer sets to detect plasma tumor DNA (ptDNA) by droplet digital PCR in xenograft‐bearing mice and patients.RESULTSTumor‐specific breakpoint DNA fragments were detected in the plasma of xenograft‐bearing mice, and the signal correlated with tumor burden during primary tumor growth, after surgical resection, and at the time of metastatic disease recurrence. Furthermore, the authors were able to detect the specific breakpoint in plasma DNA obtained from 3 patients with Ewing sarcoma and in 2 patients the authors were able to detect ptDNA when there was radiographically undetectable disease present.CONCLUSIONSThe use of droplet digital PCR to detect tumor‐specific EWS‐ETS fusion gene breakpoint ptDNA fragments can be developed into a highly personalized biomarker of disease recurrence that can be optimized in animal studies for ultimate use in patients. Cancer 2016;122:3015‐3023. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Extent of atypical hyperplasia stratifies breast cancer risk in 2 independent cohorts of women
Authors: Degnim Amy C. , Dupont William D. , Radisky Derek C. , Vierkant Robert A. , Frank Ryan D. , Frost Marlene H. , Winham Stacey J. , Sanders Melinda E. , Smith Jeffrey R. , Page David L. , Hoskin Tanya L. , Vachon Celine M. , Ghosh Karthik , Hieken Tina J. , Denison Lori A. , Carter Jodi M. , Hartmann Lynn C. , Visscher Daniel W. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDWomen with atypical hyperplasia (AH) on breast biopsy have a substantially increased risk of breast cancer (BC). Here the BC risk for the extent and subtype of AH is reported for 2 separate cohorts.METHODSAll samples containing AH were included from 2 cohorts of women with benign breast disease (Mayo Clinic and Nashville). Histology review quantified the number of foci of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH). The BC risk was stratified for the number of AH foci within AH subtypes.RESULTSThe study included 708 Mayo AH subjects and 466 Nashville AH subjects. In the Mayo cohort, an increasing number of foci of AH was associated with a significant increase in the risk of BC both for ADH (relative risks of 2.61, 5.21, and 6.36 for 1, 2, and ≥3 foci, respectively; P for linear trend = .006) and for ALH (relative risks of 2.56, 3.50, and 6.79 for 1, 2, and ≥3 foci, respectively; P for linear trend = .001). In the Nashville cohort, the relative risks of BC for ADH were 2.70, 5.17, and 15.06 for 1, 2, and ≥3 foci, respectively (P for linear trend < .001); for ALH, the relative risks also increased but not significantly (2.61, 3.48, and 4.02, respectively; P = .148). When the Mayo and Nashville samples were combined, the risk increased significantly for 1, 2, and ≥3 foci: the relative risks were 2.65, 5.19, and 8.94, respectively, for ADH (P < .001) and 2.58, 3.49, and 4.97, respectively, for ALH (P = .001).CONCLUSIONSIn 2 independent cohort studies of benign breast disease, the extent of atypia stratified the long‐term BC risk for ADH and ALH. Cancer 2016;122:2971‐2978. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Management strategies and outcomes for very elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Chihara Dai , Westin Jason R. , Oki Yasuhiro , Ahmed Mohamed A. , Do Bryan , Fayad Luis E. , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Romaguera Jorge E. , Fanale Michelle A. , Lee Hun J. , Turturro Francesco , Samaniego Felipe , Neelapu Sattva S. , Rodriguez M. Alma , Fowler Nathan H. , Wang Michael , Davis Richard E. , Nastoupil Loretta J. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDThe number of elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in our aging society continues to rise, although the optimal management of very elderly patients with DLBCL is unknown.METHODSThis study evaluated 207 patients who were 80 years old or older at the diagnosis of DLBCL from 2002 to 2014 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Analyzed features included clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and tolerability of therapy. Cox proportional hazards models examined relations between the treatment regimen and survival.RESULTSThe median age was 83 years (range, 80‐96 years). Fifty‐four percent of the patients had intermediate‐ to high‐risk or high‐risk International Prognostic Index scores. Fifteen percent had scores of 4 or higher on the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The initial therapies included rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CHOP; 70%); rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin (R‐EPOCH; 6%); and non–anthracycline‐based therapies, including rituximab, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CEOP) and rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CVP; 10%). With a median follow‐up of 38.1 months, the 3‐year failure‐free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 55% and 54%, respectively. Eighty‐eight patients experienced relapse during the follow‐up, but only 3 patients (3.4%) experienced relapse beyond 3 years. Patients who received R‐CHOP or R‐EPOCH had significantly longer FFS than those who received R‐CEOP or R‐CVP, with 3‐year FFS rates of 63% for R‐CHOP, 74% for R‐EPOCH, and 23% for R‐CEOP and R‐CVP. Male sex, a monocyte count ≥ 500 × 107/L, and a CCI score ≥ 4 were significantly associated with inferior OS. Extranodal disease (≥2) and a higher CCI score were associated with a high risk of treatment‐related mortality.CONCLUSIONSWith anthracycline‐based regimens such as R‐CHOP and R‐EPOCH, very elderly patients with DLBCL had superior outcomes similar to those achieved for younger patients with DLBCL. Cancer 2016;122:3145–51. © 2016 American Cancer Society.