bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Diabetic Oral Medications Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Veterans
Authors: Han Jennifer H. , Gordon Kirsha , Womack Julie A. , Gibert Cynthia L. , Leaf David A. , Rimland David , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C. , Bisson Gregory P. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes is increasingly common in HIV-infected individuals. The objective of this study was to compare the glycemic effectiveness of oral diabetic medications among patients with and without HIV infection.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among HIV-infected and uninfected veterans with type 2 diabetes initiating diabetic medications between 1999 and 2010. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) through the year after medication initiation, adjusting for baseline HbA1c level and clinical covariates. A subanalysis using propensity scores was conducted to account for confounding by indication.

RESULTS
A total of 2,454 HIV-infected patients and 8,892 HIV-uninfected patients initiated diabetic medications during the study period. The most commonly prescribed medication was metformin (n = 5,647, 50%), followed by a sulfonylurea (n = 5,554, 49%) and a thiazolidinedione (n = 145, 1%). After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no significant difference in the change in HbA1c level among the three groups of new users. HIV infection was not significantly associated with glycemic response (P = 0.24). Black and Hispanic patients had a poorer response to therapy compared with white patients, with a relative increase in HbA1c level of 0.16% (95% CI 0.08, 0.24) [1.7 mmol/mol (0.9, 2.6)] (P &lt; 0.001) and 0.25% (0.11, 0.39) [2.7 mmol/mol (1.2, 4.3)] (P = 0.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
We found that glycemic response was independent of the initial class of diabetic medication prescribed among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected adults with type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms leading to poorer response among black and Hispanic patients, who make up a substantial proportion of those with HIV infection and type 2 diabetes, require further investigation.
The Aamu of Shu in the Tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hassan
Authors: Kamrin Janice 
Published: September 2016

This paper addresses the well- known scene of “Asiatics” in the tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hassan (tomb BH 3), which an associated inscription dates to Year 6 of Senusret II (ca. 1897–1878 BCE). Many scholars have studied this scene and come to a variety of conclusions about the original home of the foreigners represented and the specific reason for their apparent visit to Egypt. These various theories are discussed and evaluated herein through a detailed review of the scene’s individual elements, along with its accompanying inscriptions. Attention is also paid to the additional levels of meaning embedded in the scene, in which the foreigners function as symbols of controlled and pacified denizens of the chaotic realm that constantly surrounds and threatens the ordered world of the Egyptians. The symbolic levels at which the scene functions within its ritually charged setting neither conflict with nor detract from its historic value, but rather complement and enhance the inherent richness and complexity of the concepts that underlay its creation.
Perspective on Physical Therapist Management of Functional Constipation
Authors: George Susan E. , Borello-France Diane F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFunctional constipation is a common bowel disorder leading to activity restrictions and reduced health-related quality of life. Typically, this condition is initially managed with prescription of laxatives or fiber supplementation, or both. However, these interventions are often ineffective and fail to address the underlying pathophysiology and impairments contributing to this condition. Physical therapists possess the knowledge and skills to diagnose and manage a wide range of musculoskeletal and motor coordination impairments that may contribute to functional constipation. Relevant anatomic, physiologic, and behavioral contributors to functional constipation are discussed with regard to specific constipation diagnoses. A framework for physical therapist examination of impairments that can affect gastrointestinal function, including postural, respiratory, musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, and behavioral impairments, is offered. Within the context of diagnosis-specific patient cases, multifaceted interventions are described as they relate to impairments underlying functional constipation type. The current state of evidence to support these interventions and patient recommendations is summarized. This perspective article aims not only to heighten physical therapists' awareness and management of this condition, but also to stimulate clinical questioning that will open avenues for future research to improve patient care.
Altered Sagittal- and Frontal-Plane Kinematics Following High-Intensity Stepping Training Versus Conventional Interventions in Subacute Stroke
Authors: Mahtani Gordhan B. , Kinnaird Catherine R. , Connolly Mark , Holleran Carey L. , Hennessy Patrick W. , Woodward Jane , Brazg Gabrielle , Roth Elliot J. , Hornby T. George 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Common locomotor deficits observed in people poststroke include decreased speeds and abnormal kinematics, characterized by altered symmetry, reduced sagittal-plane joint excursions, and use of compensatory frontal-plane behaviors during the swing phase of gait. Conventional interventions utilized to mitigate these deficits often incorporate low-intensity, impairment-based or functional exercises focused on normalizing kinematics, although the efficacy of these strategies is unclear. Conversely, higher-intensity training protocols that provide only stepping practice and do not focus on kinematics have demonstrated gains in walking function, although minimal attention toward gait quality may be concerning and has not been assessed.

Objective
The present study evaluated changes in spatiotemporal and joint kinematics following experimental, high-intensity stepping training compared with conventional interventions.

Design
Kinematic data were combined from a randomized controlled trial comparing experimental and conventional training and from a pilot experimental training study.

Methods
Individuals with gait deficits 1 to 6 months poststroke received up to 40 sessions of either high-intensity stepping training in variable contexts or conventional lower-intensity interventions. Analyses focused on kinematic changes during graded treadmill testing before and following training.

Results
Significant improvements in speed, symmetry, and selected sagittal-plane kinematics favored experimental training over conventional training, although increases in compensatory strategies also were observed. Changes in many kinematic patterns were correlated with speed changes, and increased compensatory behaviors were associated with both stride length gains and baseline impairments.

Limitations
Limitations include a small sample size and use of multiple statistical comparisons.

Conclusions
Improved speeds and selected kinematics were observed following high-intensity training, although such training also resulted in increased use of compensatory strategies. Future studies should explore the consequences of utilizing these compensatory strategies despite the observed functional gains.
CHANDRA ACIS SURVEY OF X-RAY POINT SOURCES IN NEARBY GALAXIES. II. X-RAY LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AND ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES
Authors: Wang Song , Qiu Yanli , Liu Jifeng , Bregman Joel N. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Based on the recently completed Chandra/ACIS survey of X-ray point sources in nearby galaxies, we study the X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) for X-ray point sources in different types of galaxies and the statistical properties of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). Uniform procedures are developed to compute the detection threshold, to estimate the foreground/background contamination, and to calculate the XLFs for individual galaxies and groups of galaxies, resulting in an XLF library of 343 galaxies of different types. With the large number of surveyed galaxies, we have studied the XLFs and ULX properties across different host galaxy types, and confirm with good statistics that the XLF slope flattens from lenticular (α ∼ 1.50 ± 0.07) to elliptical (∼1.21 ± 0.02), to spirals (∼0.80 ± 0.02), to peculiars (∼0.55 ± 0.30), and to irregulars (∼0.26 ± 0.10). The XLF break dividing the neutron star and black hole binaries is also confirmed, albeit at quite different break luminosities for different types of galaxies. A radial dependency is found for ellipticals, with a flatter XLF slope for sources located between D
25 and 2D
25, suggesting the XLF slopes in the outer region of early-type galaxies are dominated by low-mass X-ray binaries in globular clusters. This study shows that the ULX rate in early-type galaxies is 0.24 ± 0.05 ULXs per surveyed galaxy, on a 5σ confidence level. The XLF for ULXs in late-type galaxies extends smoothly until it drops abruptly around 4 × 1040 erg s−1, and this break may suggest a mild boundary between the stellar black hole population possibly including 30 M
⊙ black holes with super-Eddington radiation and intermediate mass black holes.
SUNSPOT ROTATION AS A DRIVER OF MAJOR SOLAR ERUPTIONS IN THE NOAA ACTIVE REGION 12158
Authors: Vemareddy P. , Cheng X. , Ravindra B. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We studied the development conditions of sigmoid structure under the influence of the magnetic non-potential characteristics of a rotating sunspot in the active region (AR) 12158. Vector magnetic field measurements from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager and coronal EUV observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly reveal that the erupting inverse-S sigmoid had roots at the location of the rotating sunspot. The sunspot rotates at a rate of 0°–5° h−1 with increasing trend in the first half followed by a decrease. The time evolution of many non-potential parameters had a good correspondence with the sunspot rotation. The evolution of the AR magnetic structure is approximated by a time series of force-free equilibria. The non-linear force-free field magnetic structure around the sunspot manifests the observed sigmoid structure. Field lines from the sunspot periphery constitute the body of the sigmoid and those from the interior overlie the sigmoid, similar to a flux rope structure. While the sunspot was rotating, two major coronal mass ejection eruptions occurred in the AR. During the first (second) event, the coronal current concentrations were enhanced (degraded), consistent with the photospheric net vertical current; however, magnetic energy was released during both cases. The analysis results suggest that the magnetic connections of the sigmoid are driven by the slow motion of sunspot rotation, which transforms to a highly twisted flux rope structure in a dynamical scenario. Exceeding the critical twist in the flux rope probably leads to the loss of equilibrium, thus triggering the onset of the two eruptions.
THE HAWAII SCUBA-2 LENSING CLUSTER SURVEY: NUMBER COUNTS AND SUBMILLIMETER FLUX RATIOS
Authors: Hsu (徐立研) Li-Yen , Cowie Lennox L. , Chen (陳建州) Chian-Chou , Barger Amy J. , Wang (王為豪) Wei-Hao 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present deep number counts at 450 and 850 μm using the SCUBA-2 camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We combine data for six lensing cluster fields and three blank fields to measure the counts over a wide flux range at each wavelength. Thanks to the lensing magnification, our measurements extend to fluxes fainter than 1 mJy and 0.2 mJy at 450 μm and 850 μm, respectively. Our combined data highly constrain the faint end of the number counts. Integrating our counts shows that the majority of the extragalactic background light (EBL) at each wavelength is contributed by faint sources with L
IR < 1012
L
⊙, corresponding to luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) or normal galaxies. By comparing our result with the 500 μm stacking of K-selected sources from the literature, we conclude that the K-selected LIRGs and normal galaxies still cannot fully account for the EBL that originates from sources with L
IR < 1012
L
⊙. This suggests that many faint submillimeter galaxies may not be included in the UV star formation history. We also explore the submillimeter flux ratio between the two bands for our 450 μm and 850 μm selected sources. At 850 μm, we find a clear relation between the flux ratio and the observed flux. This relation can be explained by a redshift evolution, where galaxies at higher redshifts have higher luminosities and star formation rates. In contrast, at 450 μm, we do not see a clear relation between the flux ratio and the observed flux.
Desafios no uso da sala de aula invertida no ensino superior
Authors: Suhr Inge Renate Frose 
Published: September 2016

Este texto apresenta as reflexões iniciais, advindas de um estudo de caso ainda em andamento, sobre as dificuldades e desafios encontrados por docentes de graduação presencial na utilização da metodologia intitulada “sala de aula invertida”. Apesar da limitação das análises e da dificuldade em generalizá-las optou-se por trazer o tema à baila devido ao fato da sala de aula invertida estar sendo apontada como possiblidade promissora de renovação do ensino. Para seus defensores a sala de aula invertida, ao utilizar as tecnologias de informação e comunicação para transmissão de conceitos aos alunos em ambiente virtual, permite que os momentos de aula sejam utilizados pelo professor para atividades que exigem maior nível de raciocínio e complexidade de aprendizagem. Cabe então ao professor o papel de organizar sequências didáticas que tomem o material instrucional como base para, por meio de metodologias ativas, levar o aluno a refletir, analisar, aplicar, resolver problemas e casos de ensino. Do aluno espera-se uma postura ativa, estudando previamente o conteúdo para que possa utiliza-lo nas atividades de aplicação em sala de aula. Na instituição de ensino superior onde ocorre a pesquisa, os docentes envolvidos no trabalho segundo este modelo vêm relatando alguns desafios, relacionados, principalmente, à postura dos alunos e à cultura instituída em relação ao papel do professor.
Comparable Efficacy of Abatacept Used as First-line or Second-line Biological Agent for Severe Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-related Uveitis
Authors: Birolo Carolina , Zannin Maria Elisabetta , Arsenyeva Svetlana , Cimaz Rolando , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Dubko Margarita , Deslandre Chantal Job , Falcini Fernanda , Alessio Maria , La Torre Francesco , Denisova Ekaterina , Martini Giorgia , Nikishina Irina , Zulian Francesco 
Published: September 2016

Objective.Abatacept (ABA) has recently been proposed as second-line treatment in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)–associated uveitis refractory to anti–tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF) agents, but little is known about its efficacy as a first-line approach. The aim of the present study was to compare the safety and efficacy of ABA as a first-line biological agent (ABA-1) with that of ABA as a second-line treatment after 1 or more anti-TNF agents (ABA-2), in patients with severe JIA-related uveitis.Methods.In this multicenter study, we collected data on patients with severe JIA-related uveitis treated with ABA as a first-line or second-line biological agent. Changes in frequency of uveitis flares/year and ocular complications before and after ABA treatment, clinical remission, and side effects were recorded.Results.Thirty-five patients with a mean age of 10.8 years were treated with ABA for a mean period of 19.6 months. In 4 patients, ABA administration was discontinued, owing to inefficacy on arthritis in 3 cases and allergic reaction in 1. Thirty-one patients, 14 in the ABA-1 group and 17 in the ABA-2 group, completed the 12-month followup period; of these, 17 (54.8%) had clinical remission. The mean frequency of uveitis flares decreased from 4.1 to 1.2 in the ABA-1 group (p = 0.002) and from 3.7 to 1.2 in the ABA-2 group (p = 0.004). Preexisting ocular complications improved or remained stable in all but 5 patients, all in the ABA-2 group. No significant difference was found between the efficacy of the 2 treatment modalities. ABA confirmed its good safety profile.Conclusion.ABA, used as first-line biological treatment or after 1 or more anti-TNF agents, induces a comparable improvement in severe refractory JIA-related uveitis.
Incidence of Malignancies in a Cohort of Psoriatic Arthritis Patients Taking Traditional Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy: An Observational Study
Authors: Costa Luisa , Caso Francesco , Del Puente Antonio , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Peluso Rosario , Scarpa Raffaele 
Published: September 2016

Objective.Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthropathy, associated with skin and/or nail psoriasis. As suggested in 2012 by the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA), studies devoted to assess cancer in the PsA population are still limited and need to be increased. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of malignancies in patients with PsA who are taking conventional and biologic therapies.Methods.A cohort of patients with PsA was followed prospectively. At first visit, as well as at each 3–4 month followup visit, according to standardized clinical practice, medical history, and physical and laboratory findings were recorded. Information on the presence of comorbidities, as well as malignancies, was collected. At each visit, data were recorded on radiography and pathology, confirming malignancy diagnosis, when present.Results.A total of 618 patients with PsA were included in the study. In particular, 296 were taking anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF) agents and 322 were taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD). During the observation period, in the total group, 44 patients (7.1%) had a diagnosis of malignancy. Of them, 14 (4.7%; 95% CI 2.8–7.8; 0.52/100 patient-yrs) received anti-TNF therapy and 30 (9.3%; 95% CI 6.6–13.0; 1.03/100 patient-yrs) received traditional DMARD (p = 0.019). However, after adjusting for major demographic and clinical characteristics, the difference between the 2 treatments was no longer significant (p = 0.480), and the only predictor of malignancy occurrence was age (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.009–1.073, p = 0.012).Conclusion.Data from this study confirm that biological therapies do not lead to any increased risk for cancer development, when adequately administered and with proper followup.
Gérer une collection numérisée : l’exemple de la phonothèque de la MMSH[Préservation, signalisation, accès]
Authors: Ginouvès Véronique 
Published: September 2016

Cette intervention a été présentée lors de la journée d’étude de l’AFAS les 7 et 8 octobre 2004 à la Bibliothèque nationale de France sous le titre : La numérisation des documents sonores au service de la conservation - Principes généraux et recommandations pratiques. Mise à jour le 5 août 2005.
Transcriptional Repression of IFN Regulatory Factor 7 by MYC Is Critical for Type I IFN Production in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Kim Tae Whan , Hong Seunghee , Lin Yin , Murat Elise , Joo HyeMee , Kim Taeil , Pascual Virginia , Liu Yong-Jun 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Type I IFNs are crucial mediators of human innate and adaptive immunity and are massively produced from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). IFN regulatory factor (IRF)7 is a critical regulator of type I IFN production when pathogens are detected by TLR 7/9 in pDC. However, hyperactivation of pDC can cause life-threatening autoimmune diseases. To avoid the deleterious effects of aberrant pDC activation, tight regulation of IRF7 is required. Nonetheless, the detailed mechanisms of how IRF7 transcription is regulated in pDC are still elusive. MYC is a well-known highly pleiotropic transcription factor; however, the role of MYC in pDC function is not well defined yet. To identify the role of transcription factor MYC in human pDC, we employed a knockdown technique using human pDC cell line, GEN2.2. When we knocked down MYC in the pDC cell line, production of IFN-stimulated genes was dramatically increased and was further enhanced by the TLR9 agonist CpGB. Interestingly, MYC is shown to be recruited to the IRF7 promoter region through interaction with nuclear receptor corepressor 2/histone deacetylase 3 for its repression. In addition, activation of TLR9-mediated NF-κB and MAPK and nuclear translocation of IRF7 were greatly enhanced by MYC depletion. Pharmaceutical inhibition of MYC recovered IRF7 expression, further confirming the negative role of MYC in the antiviral response by pDC. Therefore, our results identify the novel immunomodulatory role of MYC in human pDC and may add to our understanding of aberrant pDC function in cancer and autoimmune disease.
Evaluating condylar head morphology as it relates to the skeletal vertical facial dimension: A three-dimensional semi-automated landmark study
Authors: Contro Curtis , Miller Arthur J. , Hatcher David , Oberoi Snehlata 
Published: September 2016

Introduction
Condylar growth direction and rotation affect the occlusion, especially in the vertical dimension. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a novel three-dimensional semi-automated landmark computer software on mapping the head of the mandibular condyle using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The second objective was to evaluate qualitatively how condylar morphology differs three-dimensionally according to skeletal vertical pattern and mandibular morphology in healthy adults using CBCT.

Materials and Methods
A total of 242 (169 females and 73 males) participants were eligible for the study. Participants were selected at random from the 242 to create three groups of 10 participants based on their MP-SN° and assigned to a brachyfacial group, dolichofacial group, and mesofacial group. The thirty participants were also divided by mandibular symphyseal morphology according to the chin angle (Id-Pg-MP°). Each subject’s condyles were landmarked using Stratovan’s Checkpoint software. A Procrustes analysis was then used to generate an average condylar shape for each of the six groups from which to evaluate shape differences.

Results
Checkpoint proved to be a reliable method of placing landmarks on the condyle with a low coefficient of variation of 1.81% (standard deviation/mean). Qualitative analysis of the Procrustes averages revealed brachyfacial average showed a moderate anterior lean from the sagittal, anterior convexity from the axial, and medial lean from the coronal views. The dolichofacial average showed a mild anterior lean from the sagittal, anterior concavity from the axial, and a symmetrical half-dome shape from the coronal. The obtuse chin angle group average displayed morphology similar to the brachyfacial average, whereas the acute chin angle group average displayed morphology similar to the dolichofacial average.

Conclusions
Checkpoint is reliable software to landmark the temporomandibular joint. There are differences in average morphologies between all groups.