bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia triggers IFN-I production in muscle: Implications in dermatomyositis
Authors: De Luna Noemí , Suárez-Calvet Xavier , Lleixà Cinta , Diaz-Manera Jordi , Olivé Montse , Illa Isabel , Gallardo Eduard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDermatomyositis is an inflammatory myopathy characterized by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and skin changes. Muscle biopsy hallmarks include perifascicular atrophy, loss of intramuscular capillaries, perivascular and perimysial inflammation and the overexpression of IFN-inducible genes. Among them, the retinoic-acid inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) is specifically overexpressed in perifascicular areas of dermatomyositis muscle. The aim of this work was to study if RIG-I expression may be modulated by hypoxia using an in vitro approach. We identified putative hypoxia response elements (HRE) in RIG-I regulatory regions and luciferase assays confirmed that RIG-I is a new HIF-inducible gene. We observed an increase expression of RIG-I both by Real time PCR and Western blot in hypoxic conditions in human muscle cells. Cell transfection with a constitutive RIG-I expression vector increased levels of phospho-IRF-3, indicating that RIG-I promotes binding of transcription factors to the enhancer sequence of IFN. Moreover, release of IFN-β was observed in hypoxic conditions. Finally, HIF-1α overexpression was confirmed in the muscle biopsies and in some RIG-I positive perifascicular muscle fibres but not in controls. Our results indicate that hypoxia triggers the production of IFN-I in vitro, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of DM together with other inflammatory factors.
Impact of sex, fat distribution and initial body weight on oxytocin’s body weight regulation
Authors: Maejima Yuko , Aoyama Masato , Sakamoto Kazuho , Jojima Teruo , Aso Yoshimasa , Takasu Katsuya , Takenosihita Seiichi , Shimomura Kenju 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObesity is considered as a worldwide problem in both males and females. Although many studies have demonstrated the efficiency of oxytocin (Oxt) as an anti-obesity peptide, there is no comparative study of its effect in males and females. This study aims to determine factors (sex, initial body weight, and fat distribution) that may affect the ability of Oxt to regulate body weight (BW). With regard to sex, Oxt reduced BW similarly in males and females under both high fat diet (HFD) and standard chow-fed condition. The BW reduction induced by Oxt correlated with initial BW in male and female mice under HFD conditions. Oxt showed an equal efficacy in fat degradation in both the visceral and subcutaneous fat mass in both males and females fed with HFD. The effect of Oxt on BW reduction was attenuated in standard chow-fed male and female mice. Therefore, our results suggest that administration of Oxt is more effective in reducing BW in subjects with a high initial BW with increased fat accumulation. The present data contains important information for the possible clinical application of Oxt for the treatment of obesity.
Active prosthesis dependent functional cortical reorganization following stroke
Authors: Merkel Christian , Hausmann Janet , Hopf Jens-Max , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Buentjen Lars , Schoenfeld Mircea Ariel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe present study investigated the neural correlates associated with gait improvements triggered by an active prosthesis in patients with drop-foot following stroke during the chronic stage. Eleven patients took part in the study. MEG recordings in conjunction with somatosensory stimulation of the left and right hand as well as gait analyses were performed shortly before or after prosthesis implantation surgery and 3–4 months later. Plastic changes of the sensorimotor cortex of the ipsi- and contralesional hemisphere were revealed. Gait analysis indicated that all patients improved their gait with the active prosthesis. Patients with larger plastic changes within the lesioned hemisphere maintained their improved gait performance even when the prosthesis was turned off. Patients with larger contralesional changes also improved their gait with the active prosthesis. However, their gait measures decreased when the prosthesis was turned off. The current data provide the neural basis of gait improvement triggered by an active prosthesis and has important implications with respect to the choice of the type of active prosthesis (implantable vs removable) and to the selection procedure of the patients (length of testing period).
Resistance training regulates gene expression of molecules associated with intramyocellular lipids, glucose signaling and fiber size in old rats
Authors: Ribeiro Manoel Benício Teixeira , Guzzoni Vinicius , Hord Jeffrey M. , Lopes Giselle Nunes , Marqueti Rita de Cássia , de Andrade Rosângela Vieira , Selistre-de-Araujo Heloisa Sobreiro , Durigan João Luiz Q. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSarcopenia is a complex multifactorial process, some of which involves fat infiltration. Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation is postulated to play a role on sarcopenia during aging, which is believed to be due alterations in glucose homeostasis in the skeletal muscle. Sarcopenia, along with intramuscular lipids, is associated with physical inactivity. Resistance training (RT) has been indicated to minimize the age-induced muscle skeletal adaptations. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of RT on mRNA levels of regulatory components related to intramyocellular lipid, glucose metabolism and fiber size in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of aged rats. Old male rats were submitted to RT (ladder climbing, progressive load, 3 times a week for 12 weeks). Age-induced accumulation of IMCL was attenuated by RT, which was linked to a PPARy-mediated mechanism, concomitant to enhanced regulatory components of glucose homeostasis (GLUT-4, G6PDH, Hk-2 and Gly-Syn-1). These responses were also linked to decreased catabolic (TNF-α, TWEAK/Fn14 axis; FOXO-1, Atrogin-1 and MuRF1; Myostatin) and increased anabolic intracellular pathways (IGF-1-mTOR-p70S6sk-1 axis; MyoD) in muscles of trained aged rats. Our results point out the importance of RT on modulation of gene expression of intracellular regulators related to age-induced morphological and metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle.
Long Term Glaucoma Drug Delivery Using a Topically Retained Gel/Microsphere Eye Drop
Authors: Fedorchak Morgan V. , Conner Ian P. , Schuman Joel S. , Cugini Anthony , Little Steven R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to characterize and determine the efficacy of a long-term, non-invasive gel/microsphere (GMS) eye drop for glaucoma. This novel drug delivery system is comprised of a thermoresponsive hydrogel carrier and drug-loaded polymer microspheres. In vitro release of brimonidine from the GMS drops and gel properties were quantified. A single brimonidine-loaded GMS drop was administered to 5 normotensive rabbits and intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored for 28 days. Here we report that IOP reduction in rabbits receiving a single brimonidine GMS drop was comparable to that of rabbits receiving twice daily, standard brimonidine drops. GMS drops were retained in the inferior fornix in all animals for the length of the study. Our results suggest in vivo efficacy over 28 days from a single GMS drop and a potential decrease in systemic absorption, based on a lack of substantial IOP effects on the fellow untreated eye, compared to brimonidine twice-daily eye drops. To our knowledge, this represents the first long-term, drug-releasing depot that can be administered as a traditional eye drop.
Transcriptome of neonatal preBötzinger complex neurones in Dbx1 reporter mice
Authors: Hayes John A. , Kottick Andrew , Picardo Maria Cristina D. , Halleran Andrew D. , Smith Ronald D. , Smith Gregory D. , Saha Margaret S. , Del Negro Christopher A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe sequenced the transcriptome of brainstem interneurons in the specialized respiratory rhythmogenic site dubbed preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) from newborn mice. To distinguish molecular characteristics of the core oscillator we compared preBötC neurons derived from Dbx1-expressing progenitors that are respiratory rhythmogenic to neighbouring non-Dbx1-derived neurons, which support other respiratory and non-respiratory functions. Results in three categories are particularly salient. First, Dbx1 preBötC neurons express κ-opioid receptors in addition to μ-opioid receptors that heretofore have been associated with opiate respiratory depression, which may have clinical applications. Second, Dbx1 preBötC neurons express the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor Hif1a at levels three-times higher than non-Dbx1 neurons, which links core rhythmogenic microcircuits to O2-related chemosensation for the first time. Third, we detected a suite of transcription factors including Hoxa4 whose expression pattern may define the rostral preBötC border, Pbx3 that may influence ipsilateral connectivity, and Pax8 that may pertain to a ventrally-derived subset of Dbx1 preBötC neurons. These data establish the transcriptomic signature of the core respiratory oscillator at a perinatal stage of development.
Application of hybrid real‐time power system simulator for research and setting a momentary and sustained fast turbine valving control
Authors: Andreev Mikhail , Borovikov Yury , Gusev Alexander , Sulaymanov Almaz , Ruban Nikolay , Suvorov Alexey , Ufa Ruslan , Bemš Július , Králík Tomáš 
Published: August 2017

The stability of electric power system (EPS) insures energy security of consumers. Therefore, saving the stability of EPS is the main task for professionals around the world. For its solution, a variety of activities is used. This publication deals with the description of the authors' experience for solving the task in the Tyumen power system. The hybrid real‐time power system simulator (HRTSim) developed in Tomsk Polytechnic University was used as a platform for research carrying out. The study presents the research result fragments of the momentary and sustained fast turbine valving control (FTVC) which is one of the most effective ways of an automatic emergency control of power units in the thermal power station. Using the simulator HRTSim, one of the greatest challenges of electric power industry in Russia has been solved, i.e. FTVC adequate setting of the power units in the thermal power station Surgut GRES‐2 in the Tyumen power system. An FTVC operation largely determines the reliability and stability of the EPS. Therefore, an incorrect setting may result in substantial disturbance or disruption of the stability that already occurred in the past. The adequacy of turbine and FTVC simulations is verified by comparing it with the real data.
Hyaluronic Acid Intra-Articular Injections in Patients Affected by Moderate to Severe Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Di Giacomo G. , de Gasperis N. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection treatment with high molecular weight HA (Hyalubrix, 30 mg/2 mL, molecular weight > 1,500 kDa) in patients affected by moderate to severe glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods Seventy-eight patients, affected by shoulder OA grade II–IV were randomized in two groups. Patients included in case group were treated with three intra-articular injections of HA and a specific physiotherapy program, whereas patients included in the control group received the only physical therapy. The follow-up examination was 6 months for both groups. The evaluation of functional status of treated shoulder, range of motion, and pain was performed before treatment and at the final follow-up examination by means of the Constant score. The safety evaluation of the treatment was also performed recording any adverse events.
Results Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two groups in terms of pain reduction and improvement in the activities of daily living. In particular, case group subjects affected by grade III and IV OA had a significant improvement in the Constant score (18.2 ± 5.4 and 19.2 ± 5.9, respectively).
Conclusion This study showed that the combination of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (Hyalubrix, 30 mg/2 mL) with physical therapy program was more effective in comparison with the only physical therapy in reducing pain in patients affected by glenohumeral OA.
Level of Evidence Level II, randomized controlled study.
Gehirnerschütterung im Sport
Authors: Feddermann-Demont Nina , Bizzini Mario , Junge Astrid 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
DIAGNOSTIK UND THERAPIE Gehirnerschütterungen im Sport sind in der letzten Zeit häufig in den Medien und Fachzeitschriften diskutiert
worden. In den USA haben die Schadenersatzklagen von ehemaligen American-Football-Spielern gegen die NFL und von ehemaligen
Eishockeyspielern gegen die NHL sowie der Kinofilm „Erschütternde Wahrheit“ (Originaltitel: „Concussion“) mit Will Smith in der Hauptrolle
Aufsehen erregt. In Deutschland führte die Gehirnerschütterung des Fußballnationalspielers Christoph Kramer während des Endspiels der
FIFA-Weltmeisterschaft 2014 zu Debatten über den Umgang mit Kopfverletzungen im Sport. Was bei einer Gehirnerschütterung beachtet werden
muss, warum eine sorgfältige Diagnostik wichtig ist und welche Therapien bei Gehirnerschütterung hilfreich sind, erklärt das Autorenteam vom
Swiss Concussion Center, Zürich.
Pathology and Pathogenesis of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Concepts and Controversies
Authors: Schumacher Adrian-Minh , Mahler Christoph , Kerschensteiner Martin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that initially is often dominated by relapsing-remitting neurological symptoms. With increasing disease duration these relapses are more and more superimposed by a progressive disease process that leads to an irreversible accumulation of motor, sensory and cognitive deficits. This progressive phase of MS is still only incompletely understood and by and large refractory to therapy. Here we aim to use recent pathological and pathomechanistic insights to outline a unifying concept of progressive MS. Based on this view of the disease we examine current controversies surrounding progressive MS. We discuss whether neurodegenerative or inflammatory processes drive progression, question whether the classification of primary and secondary progressive MS is all that useful and deliberate, which therapeutic strategies are best suited to limit the insidious neurological decline of progressive MS patients.
Epidemiologie, Risikofaktoren und Risikostratifizierung venöser Thromboembolien (VTE) in Schwangerschaft und Wochenbett
Authors: Tsikouras Panagiotis , von Tempelhoff Georg-Friedrich , Rath Werner 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungVenöse Thromboembolien (VTE) gehören zu den häufigsten Ursachen direkter Müttersterbefälle in den Industrieländern. Ihre Inzidenz hat in den letzten 20 Jahren signifikant zugenommen. Das absolute Risiko für VTE liegt in der Schwangerschaft zwischen 0,6–2,2/1000 Geburten, im Vergleich zu Nichtschwangeren ist das tägliche Risiko für VTE in der Schwangerschaft um das 7- bis 10-fache höher und im Wochenbett um das 15- bis 35-fache. Die Inzidenz an Lungenembolien (LE) ist während der ersten 6 Wochen nach der Geburt um das 15-fache höher als in der Schwangerschaft und bleibt bis zu 12 Wochen postpartum noch signifikant erhöht. Die fallbezogene Sterblichkeit der LE liegt zwischen 2,2–6,6%.Grundlage der medikamentösen VTE-Prophylaxe ist eine sorgfältige Erfassung individueller Risikofaktoren und eine adäquate Risikostratifizierung. Zu unterscheiden sind präexistente mütterliche von transienten Schwangerschafts-spezifischen Risikofaktoren. Das höchste Risiko für VTE weisen Frauen mit vorangegangener VTE oder mit angeborenen Hochrisiko-Thrombophilien oder mit Antiphospholipid-Syndrom auf. Weitere bedeutende Schwangerschafts-spezifische Risikofaktoren antenatal sind das schwere ovarielle Hyperstimulationssyndrom, die Hyperemesis, größere Operationen, schwere Komorbidität (z. B. systemischer Lupus erythematodes), Hospitalisierung bei Frauen mit einem Body-Maß-Index>25 kg/m2 und entzündliche Darmerkrankungen.Herzerkrankungen, Totgeburt, systemische Infektionen, schwere postpartale Blutung in Kombination mit der Substitution von Erythrozytenkonzentraten/Gerinnungsfaktoren und/oder Operationen sowie die sekundäre Sectio sind die stärksten Risikofaktoren im Wochenbett.Empfehlungen zu Risikostratifizierungen sind in aktuellen internationalen Leitlinien unterschiedlich. Nach der Leitlinie der Kanadischen Gesellschaft für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie 2014 (SOGC) wird eine medikamentöse VTE-Prophylaxe dann empfohlen, wenn das VTE-Risiko eines einzelnen oder mehrerer Risikofaktoren>1% beträgt. Die ACCP (American College of Chest Physicians)-Leitlinie 2012 bezieht sich ausschließlich auf eine Risiko-basierte VTE-Prophylaxe nach Sectio caesarea. Die jüngste RCOG (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists)-Leitlinie No. 37a 2015 empfiehlt die Risikostratifizierung für VTE auf der Grundlage eines speziellen „risk scoring“-Systems und gewichtet die individuellen Risikofaktoren zwischen einem Punkt (niedriges Risiko) bis maximal 4 Punkte (sehr hohes Risiko).Jede geburtshilfliche Klinik sollte über eine Checkliste wichtiger Risikofaktoren und über einen auf aktuellen Leitlinien basierenden Handlungsplan zur medikamentösen Thrombose-Prophylaxe verfügen.
Falxverkalkungen – häufiger als vermutet
Authors: Schedler Alexander , Porthun Jan 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungFalxverkalkungen und -verknöcherungen in der CT – Datenerhebung zur Häufigkeit, Größe und Position (Master of Science (MSc)-Thesis).[Schedler, A., Wiener Schule für Osteopathie und Donau-Universität Krems, Vasoldsberg, November 2016]
Do Markets Correct for Smoothing in USDA Crop Production Forecasts? Evidence from Private Analysts and Futures Prices
Authors: Isengildina‐Massa Olga , Karali Berna , Irwin Scott H 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study evaluates whether smoothing (positive correlation in subsequent revisions) in USDA corn, soybean, and wheat production forecasts is likely to result in misallocation of economic resources. Smoothing, like any other type of forecast inefficiency, implies that some of the information in these forecasts is predictable. Based on the evidence of smoothing, we decomposed market surprise and forecast revision into predictable and unpredictable components. Our results show that futures markets tended to react only to the unpredictable component, therefore indicating that market participants were aware of smoothing and adjusted for it in forming their price expectations.
Addressing Physician Burnout—The Way Forward
Authors: Shanafelt Tait D. , Dyrbye Lotte N. , West Colin P. 
Published: August 2017

(Abstracted from JAMA 2017;317(9):901–902)
A syndrome consisting of exhaustion and decreased productivity, physician burnout has been identified for decades but has increased in recent times with changes in the health care system in the United States. This phenomenon is strongly correlated with excessive workloads, overbearing restrictions due to external factors such as insurer requirements, and a spillover of clerical duties that take time away from seeing patients.
Patient-aligned Care Team Engagement to Connect Veterans Experiencing Homelessness With Appropriate Health Care
Authors: Gundlapalli Adi V. , Redd Andrew , Bolton Daniel , Vanneman Megan E. , Carter Marjorie E. , Johnson Erin , Samore Matthew H. , Fargo Jamison D. , O’Toole Thomas P. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Veterans experiencing homelessness frequently use emergency and urgent care (ED).

Objective:
To examine the effect of a Patient-aligned Care Team (PACT) model tailored to the unique needs of Veterans experiencing homelessness (H-PACT) on frequency and type of ED visits in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical facilities.

Research Design:
During a 12-month period, ED visits for 3981 homeless Veterans enrolled in (1) H-PACT at 20 VHA medical centers (enrolled) were compared with those of (2) 24,363 homeless Veterans not enrolled in H-PACT at the same sites (nonenrolled), and (3) 23,542 homeless Veterans at 12 non-H-PACT sites (usual care) using a difference-in-differences approach.

Measure(s):
The primary outcome was ED and other health care utilization and the secondary outcome was emergent (not preventable/avoidable) ED visits.

Results:
H-PACT enrollees were predominantly white males with a higher baseline Charlson comorbidity index. In comparing H-PACT enrollees with usual care, there was a significant decrease in ED usage among the highest ED utilizers (difference-in-differences, −4.43; P<0.001). The decrease in ED visits were significant though less intense for H-PACT enrollees versus nonenrolled (−0.29, P<0.001). H-PACT enrollees demonstrated a significant increase in the proportion of ED care visits that were not preventable/avoidable in the 6 months after enrollment, but had stable rates of primary care, mental health, social work, and substance abuse visits over the 12 months.

Conclusions:
Primary care treatment engagement can reduce ED visits and increase appropriate use of ED services in VHA for Veterans experiencing homelessness, especially in the highest ED utilizers.
Assessment of Medical-Surgical Patients’ Perception of Hospital Noises and Reported Ability to Rest
Authors: Locke Christine L. , Pope Diana S. 
Published: August 2017

Objectives:
The purpose was to determine if an enhanced privacy curtain (1) impacted ability to rest while hospitalized in the acute care setting and (2) improved patient satisfaction associated with environmental noise.

Methods:
The project evaluated a privacy curtain designed to increase speech privacy and intelligibility and reduce reverberation time (echo). The curtain was similar to the existing privacy curtain with 2 exceptions: the curtain panel had pocket inserts that absorbed sound, and curtain panels could be zipped together to reduce sound transmission through gaps. Curtains were evaluated on 2 medical-surgical units. Patients with at least 2 nights’ stay and were alert and oriented without behavioral concerns were asked to complete a 12-item restful environment assessment.

Results:
The project demonstrated some impact on ability to rest. One unit saw an increase in the patient experience sleep measure score and demonstrated a small increase in the patient’s self- reported ability to rest during the day and night when using the enhanced curtain.

Conclusion:
Patients on medical-surgical units were bothered by the noises typically heard in those units. Small improvements in patient experience with the enhanced curtain were outweighed by cost and increased housekeeping and laundry staff workload.