bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisit of rare earth element fractionation during chemical weathering and river sediment transport
Authors: Su Ni , Yang Shouye , Guo Yulong , Yue Wei , Wang Xiaodan , Yin Ping , Huang Xiangtong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough rare earth element (REE) has been widely applied for provenance study and paleoenvironmental reconstruction, its mobility and fractionation during earth surface processes from weathering to sediment deposition remain more clarification. We investigated the REE fractionations during chemical weathering and river sediment transport based on the systematic observations from a granodiorite‐weathering profile and Mulanxi River sediments in southeast China. Two chemical phases (leachates and residues) were separated by 1 N HCl leaching and the leachates account for 20–70% of the bulk REE concentration. REEs in the weathering profile have been mobilized and fractionated to different extents during chemical weathering and pedogenesis. Remarkable cerium anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 0.1–10.6) occur during weathering as a result of coprecipitation with Mn (hydro)oxides in the profile, while poor or no Ce anomalies in the river sediments were observed. This contrasting feature sheds new light on the indication of Ce anomaly for redox change. The hydraulic sorting‐induced mineral redistribution can further homogenize the weathering and pedogenic alterations and thus weaken the REE fractionations in river sediments. The mineral assemblage is the ultimate control on REE composition, and the Mn‐Fe (hydro)oxides and secondary phosphate minerals are the main hosts of acid‐leachable REEs while the clay minerals could be important reservoirs for residual REEs. We thus suggest that the widely used REE proxies such as (LREE/HREE)UCC ratio in the residues is reliable for the indication of sediment provenance, while the ratio in the leachates can indicate the total weathering process to some extent.
Incipient mantle plume evolution: Constraints from ancient landscapes buried beneath the North Sea
Authors: Stucky de Quay G. , Roberts G. G. , Watson J. S. , Jackson C. A.‐L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGeological observations that constrain the history of mantle convection are sparse despite its importance in determining vertical and horizontal plate motions, plate rheology, and magmatism. We use a suite of geological and geophysical observations from the northern North Sea to constrain evolution of the incipient Paleocene‐Eocene Icelandic plume. Well data and a three‐dimensional seismic survey are used to reconstruct a 58–55 Ma landscape now buried ∼1.5 km beneath the seabed in the Bressay region. Geochemical analyses of cuttings from wells that intersect the landscape indicate the presence of angiosperm debris. These observations, combined with presence of coarse clastic material, interpreted beach ridges, and a large dendritic drainage network, indicate that this landscape formed subaerially. Longitudinal profiles of paleo‐rivers were extracted and inverted for an uplift rate history, indicating three distinct phases of uplift and total cumulative uplift of ∼350 m. Dinoflagellate cysts in the surrounding marine stratigraphy indicate that this terrestrial landscape formed in <3 Ma and was rapidly drowned. This uplift history is similar to that of a slightly older buried landscape in the Faeroe‐Shetland basin ∼400 km to the west. These records of vertical motion are consistent with pulses of anomalously hot asthenosphere spreading out from the incipient Icelandic plume. Using simple isostatic calculations, we estimate that the maximum thermal anomaly beneath Bressay was 50–100°C. Our observations suggest that a thermal anomaly departed the Icelandic plume around 57.4 ± 2.2 Ma at the latest and travelled with a velocity
150 km/Ma.
Tectonic structure, evolution, and the nature of oceanic core complexes and their detachment fault zones (13°20′N and 13°30′N, Mid Atlantic Ridge)
Authors: Escartín J. , Mével C. , Petersen S. , Bonnemains D. , Cannat M. , Andreani M. , Augustin N. , Bezos A. , Chavagnac V. , Choi Y. , Godard M. , Haaga K. , Hamelin C. , Ildefonse B. , Jamieson J. , John B. , Leleu T. , MacLeod C. J. , Massot‐Campos M. , Nomikou P. , Olive J. A. , Paquet M. , Rommevaux C. , Rothenbeck M. , Steinfuhrer A. , Tominaga M. , Triebe L. , Campos R. , Gracias N. , Garcia R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMicrobathymetry data, in situ observations, and sampling along the 13°20′N and 13°20′N oceanic core complexes (OCCs) reveal mechanisms of detachment fault denudation at the seafloor, links between tectonic extension and mass wasting, and expose the nature of corrugations, ubiquitous at OCCs. In the initial stages of detachment faulting and high‐angle fault, scarps show extensive mass wasting that reduces their slope. Flexural rotation further lowers scarp slope, hinders mass wasting, resulting in morphologically complex chaotic terrain between the breakaway and the denuded corrugated surface. Extension and drag along the fault plane uplifts a wedge of hangingwall material (apron). The detachment surface emerges along a continuous moat that sheds rocks and covers it with unconsolidated rubble, while local slumping emplaces rubble ridges overlying corrugations. The detachment fault zone is a set of anostomosed slip planes, elongated in the along‐extension direction. Slip planes bind fault rock bodies defining the corrugations observed in microbathymetry and sonar. Fault planes with extension‐parallel stria are exposed along corrugation flanks, where the rubble cover is shed. Detachment fault rocks are primarily basalt fault breccia at 13°20′N OCC, and gabbro and peridotite at 13°30′N, demonstrating that brittle strain localization in shallow lithosphere form corrugations, regardless of lithologies in the detachment zone. Finally, faulting and volcanism dismember the 13°30′N OCC, with widespread present and past hydrothermal activity (Semenov fields), while the Irinovskoe hydrothermal field at the 13°20′N core complex suggests a magmatic source within the footwall. These results confirm the ubiquitous relationship between hydrothermal activity and oceanic detachment formation and evolution.
Ultrafast, Highly Reversible, and Cycle‐Stable Lithium Storage Boosted by Pseudocapacitance in Sn‐Based Alloying Anodes
Authors: Jiang Yinzhu , Li Yong , Zhou Peng , Lan Zhenyun , Lu Yunhao , Wu Chen , Yan Mi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBoosting power density is one of the primary challenges that current lithium ion batteries face. Alloying anodes that possess suitable potential windows stand at the forefront in pursuing ultrafast and highly reversible lithium storage to achieve high power/energy lithium ion batteries. Herein, ultrafast lithium storage in Sn‐based nanocomposite anodes is demonstrated, which is boosted by pseudocapacitance benefitting from a high fraction of highly interconnected interfaces of Fe/Sn/Li2O. By tailoring the voltage window in the range of 0.005–1.2 V for the alloying/dealloying reactions, such Sn‐based nanocomposite anodes achieve simultaneous ultrahigh rate capability, superlong cycling performance, and close‐to‐100% Coulombic efficiency. The nanocomposite anode delivers a high reversible capacity (≈420 mAh g−1) at 1 A g−1 for more than 1200 cycles, corresponding to only 0.016% per cycle of capacity decay. A reversible capacity of 350 mAh g−1 can be maintained at an ultrahigh current density of 80 A g−1, with 67.3% capacity retention relative to the capacity at 1 A g−1. This combination of pseudocapacitive lithium storage and spatially confined electrochemical reactions in Sn‐based nanocomposite anode materials may pave the way for the development of high power/energy and long life lithium ion batteries.
A phase 2 study of lenalidomide, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (LR‐CD) for untreated low‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma requiring therapy
Authors: Rosenthal Allison , Dueck Amylou C. , Ansell Stephen , Gano Katherine , Conley Christopher , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Camoriano John , Leis Jose F. , Mikhael Joseph R. , Keith Stewart A. , Inwards David , Dingli David , Kumar Shaji , Noel Pierre , Gertz Morie , Porrata Luis , Russell Stephen , Colgan Joseph , Fonseca Rafael , Habermann Thomas M. , Kapoor Prashant , Buadi Francis , Leung Nelson , Tiedemann Rodger , Witzig Thomas E. , Reeder Craig 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPatients with indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have multiple treatment options yet there is no consensus as to the best initial therapy. Lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory agent, has single agent activity in relapsed lymphoma. This trial was conducted to assess feasibility, efficacy, and safety of adding lenalidomide to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (LR‐CD) in untreated indolent NHL patients requiring therapy. This was a single institution phase II trial. Treatment consisted of IV rituximab 375 mg/m2 day 1; oral lenalidomide 20 mg days 1–21; cyclophosphamide 250 mg/m2 days 1, 8, and 15; and dexamethasone 40 mg days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28‐day cycle. Treatment continued 2 cycles beyond best response for a maximum of 12 cycles without rituximab maintenance. Thirty‐three patients were treated. Median age was 68 (43–83 years). 39% had stage IV disease. Histologic subtypes included 8 follicular lymphoma (FL), 7 marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (1 splenic, 2 extranodal, and 4 nodal), 15 Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), 1 lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, 1 small lymphocytic lymphoma, and 1 low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation (unable to be classified better as MZL or LPL). Hematologic toxicity was the most common adverse event. Median time of follow‐up was 23.4 months (range 1.8–50.9). The overall response rate was 87.9%, with 30.3% complete response. The median duration of response was 38.7 months. The median progression free survival was 39.7 months, while median overall survival (OS) has not yet been reached. Lenalidomide can be safely added to a simple regimen of rituximab, oral cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone and is an effective combination as initial therapy for low‐grade B‐cell NHL.
Influence of complex childhood diseases on variation in growth and skeletal development
Authors: Zemel Babette S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe study of human growth and skeletal development by human biologists is framed by the larger theoretical concerns regarding the underpinnings of population variation and human evolution. This unique perspective is directly relevant to the assessment of child health and well‐being at the individual and group level, as well as the construction of growth charts. Environmental, behavioral (nutrition and physical activity), and disease‐related factors can prevent attainment of full genetic potential for growth. Undernutrition is most often the cause of growth faltering and poor skeletal development. Disease related factors, such as malabsorption, inflammation, and immobility also have profound effects. These effects will be illustrated with examples from diseases such as cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and Down syndrome. The need for separate growth charts for children with genetic disorders is often controversial because of potential medical and/or nutritional complications associated with some disorders. Children with Alagille syndrome and Down syndrome will be used to illustrate the advantages and limitations of syndrome‐specific charts. This overview of health and disease effects on growth and skeletal development provides insights into the plasticity of human growth and its sensitivity to overall health and well‐being.
Iron‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkyl Etherification of Vinylarenes with Aliphatic Acids as the Alkyl Source
Authors: Jian Wujun , Ge Liang , Jiao Yihang , Qian Bo , Bao Hongli 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBecause of the lack of effective alkylating reagents, alkyl etherification of olefins with general alkyl groups has not been previously reported. In this work, a variety of alkyl diacyl peroxides and peresters generated from aliphatic acids have been found to enable the first iron‐catalyzed alkyl etherification of olefins with general alkyl groups. Primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic acids are suitable for this reaction, delivering products with yields up to 97 %. Primary and secondary alcohols react well, affording products in up to 91 % yield.
Gold Nanorod Enhanced Fluorescence Enables Single‐Molecule Electrochemistry of Methylene Blue
Authors: Zhang Weichun , Caldarola Martín , Pradhan Biswajit , Orrit Michel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRedox reactions are central to energy conversion and life metabolism. Herein we present electrochemical measurements with fluorescent readout of the redox‐sensitive dye Methylene Blue (MB), at the single‐molecule (SM) level. To overcome the low fluorescence quantum yield of MB we enhanced fluorescence by using individual gold nanorods to achieve the required sensitivity. By measuring the same molecule at different electrochemical potentials we determined the mid‐point potential of each single molecule through its redox‐induced fluorescence blinking dynamics.
A Direct Link from the Gas to the Condensed Phase: A Rotational Spectroscopic Study of 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethanol Trimers
Authors: Thomas Javix , Seifert Nathan A. , Jäger Wolfgang , Xu Yunjie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRotational spectra of the three most stable conformers (I,II,III) of the ternary 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE) cluster were measured using Fourier transform microwave spectrometers, and unambiguously assigned with the aid of ab initio calculations. The most stable conformer,I, contains one trans‐TFE subunit which is unstable in its isolated gas phase form. The study offers new insights into how the trans conformation is stabilized in TFE clusters of increasing size, and eventually becomes a dominant conformation in the liquid phase. A detailed analysis shows that while O−H⋅⋅⋅O−H and O−H⋅⋅⋅F−C hydrogen bonds are the most significant attractive interactions which stabilize all three conformers, the main driving force for the stability ofIoverIII, which has all gauche‐TFE subunits, is the attractive interaction of C−F⋅⋅⋅F−C contact pairs. A new type of three‐point F⋅⋅⋅F⋅⋅⋅F attractive contact interaction is also identified.
Dual Nickel‐ and Photoredox‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Cyclic meso‐Anhydrides
Authors: Stache Erin E. , Rovis Tomislav , Doyle Abigail G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclic meso‐anhydrides with benzyl trifluoroborates under nickel‐photoredox catalysis is described. The reaction tolerates a variety of sterically and electronically different trifluoroborates, as well as structurally unique cyclic anhydrides. The trans isomer of the keto‐acid products is also observed at varying levels dependent on the trifluoroborate identity and relative catalyst loading. A mechanism involving decarbonylation and Ni−C bond homolysis of a NiII adduct is proposed. This feature allows access to a trans keto‐acid as the major product in high enantioselectivity from a cis meso anhydride.
Noncovalent functionalization of boron nitride and its effect on the thermal conductivity of polycarbonate composites
Authors: Wang Jinwei , Li Hongrui , Li Guohua , Liu Zhenxin , Zhang Qingxin , Wang Nongyue , Qu Xiongwei 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPolycarbonate (PC) is an engineering thermoplastic with excellent insulation and mechanical properties. However, the low thermal conductivity restricted its application in electronic devices. Hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) microparticle, a promising material with high thermal conductivity, was functionalized with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and introduced into PC matrix to improve the thermal conductivity. SEM and XRD analysis showed that the modified BN (CBN) particles oriented and formed thermal conductive pathways within PC matrix. The formation of large‐area oriented CBN significantly improved the thermal conductivity and thermal stability of composites. At 20 wt % CBN loading, the thermal conductivity of 0.7341 Wm−1 K−1 and the temperature for 5% weight loss (T5) of 498.6 °C were obtained, which was 3.1 times and 77 °C higher than that of pure PC, respectively. Furthermore, outstanding electrical insulation property of matrix was retained in the composites. These results revealed that PC/CBN composite was a promising material for thermal management and electrical enclosure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44978.
Disruption of genes involved in CORVET complex leads to enhanced secretion of heterologous carboxylesterase only in protease deficient Pichia pastoris
Authors: Marsalek Lukas , Gruber Clemens , Altmann Friedrich , Aleschko Markus , Mattanovich Diethard , Gasser Brigitte , Puxbaum Verena 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (Komagataella spp.) is a popular microbial host for the production of recombinant proteins. Previous studies have shown that mis‐sorting to the vacuole can be a bottleneck during production of recombinant secretory proteins in yeast, however, no information was available for P. pastoris. In this work the authors have therefore generated vps (vacuolar protein sorting) mutant strains disrupted in genes involved in the CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) complex at the early stages of endosomal sorting. Both Δvps8 and Δvps21 strains contained lower extracellular amounts of heterologous carboxylesterase (CES) compared to the control strain, which could be attributed to a high proteolytic activity present in the supernatants of CORVET engineered strains due to rerouting of vacuolar proteases. Serine proteases were identified to be responsible for this proteolytic degradation by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and protease inhibitor assays. Deletion of the major cellular serine protease Prb1 in Δvps8 and Δvps21 strains did not only rescue the extracellular CES levels, but even outperformed the parental CES strain (56 and 80% higher yields, respectively). Further deletion of Ybr139W, another serine protease, did not show a further increase in secretion levels. Higher extracellular CES activity and low proteolytic activity were detected also in fed batch cultivation of Δvps21Δprb1 strains, thus confirming that modifying early steps in the vacuolar pathway has a positive impact on heterologous protein secretion.
Low Bandgap Bistetracene‐Based Organic Semiconductors Exhibiting Air Stability, High Aromaticity and Mobility
Authors: Sbargoud Kamal , Mamada Masashi , Jousselin‐Oba Tanguy , Takeda Yasunori , Tokito Shizuo , Yassar Abderrahim , Marrot Jérôme , Frigoli Michel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe benchmark of soluble organic semiconductors based on acenes is the 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS–PEN). However TIPS–PEN still suffers from photoinduced oxidation due to its low degree of aromaticity. Increasing the aromaticity while keeping similar optical and electrochemical properties as well as a shape suitable for good hole transport can be achieved with two‐dimensional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2D‐PAHs). Herein, we present an efficient synthesis and characterization of bistetracene derivatives that exhibit a band gap up to 1.71 eV and an increased stability up to 21 times compared to TIPS–PEN and mobility over 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 in solution‐processed organic field‐effect transistors. Based on simple structural consideration, the high stability is attributed to the aromaticity of the bistetracene which is comparable to an anthrancene along each tetracene. According to Clar's sextet rule, the bistetracene should be best regarded as two anthracenes fused at the face bridged by two ethylenic spacers. The synthesis path paves the way towards the preparation of ambipolar and/or longer 2D‐PAHs such as bispentacenes and could give rise to organic semiconductors with interesting properties.
Modeling Lung Surfactant Interactions with Benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Stachowicz‐Kuśnierz Anna , Trojan Sonia , Cwiklik Lukasz , Korchowiec Beata , Korchowiec Jacek 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBy reducing the surface tension of the air–water interface in alveoli, lung surfactant (LS) is crucial for proper functioning of the lungs. It also forms the first barrier against inhaled pathogens. In this study we inspect the interactions of LS models with a dangerous air pollutant, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoylphosphatidylcholine, and their 1:1 mixture are used as LS models. Pressure‐area isotherms are employed to study macroscopic properties of the monolayers. We find that addition of BaP has a condensing effect, manifested by lowering the values of surface pressure and shifting the isotherms to smaller areas. Atomistic details of this process are examined by means of molecular dynamics simulations. We show that initially BaP molecules are accumulated in the monolayers. Upon compression, they are forced to the headgroups region and eventually expelled to the subphase. BaP presence results in reduction of monolayer hydration in the hydrophilic region. In the hydrophobic region it induces increased chain ordering, reduction of monolayer fluidity, and advances transition to the liquid condensed phase in the DPPC system.
Halogen and Hydrogen Bonding between (N‐Halogeno)‐succinimides and Pyridine Derivatives in Solution, the Solid State and in Silico
Authors: Stilinović Vladimir , Horvat Gordan , Hrenar Tomica , Nemec Vinko , Cinčić Dominik 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Vladimir  Stilinović and co‐workers from the University of Zagreb. The image depicts the winners of the race for the strongest supramolecular interaction. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201605686.
Guanidinium Group Remains Protonated in a Strongly Basic Arginine Solution
Authors: Xu Bo , Jacobs Michael I. , Kostko Oleg , Ahmed Musahid 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKnowledge of the acid dissociation constant of an amino acid has very important ramifications in the biochemistry of proteins and lipid bilayers in aqueous environments because charge and proton transfer depend on its value. The acid dissociation constant for the guanidinium group in arginine has historically been posited as 12.5, but there is substantial variation in published values over the years. Recent experiments suggest that the dissociation constant for arginine is much higher than 12.5, which explains why the arginine guanidinium group retains its positive charge under all physiological conditions. In this work, we use X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study unsupported, aqueous arginine nanoparticles. By varying the pH of the constituent solution, we provide evidence that the guanidinium group is protonated even in a very basic solution. By analyzing the energy shifts in the C and N X‐ray photoelectron spectra, we establish a molecular level picture of how charge and proton transport in aqueous solutions of arginine occur.