bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social scholar: re-interpreting scholarship in the shifting university
Authors: Greenhow Christine , Gleason Benjamin 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide a re-envisioning of traditional conceptualizations of scholarship informed by knowledge assets theory, trends shaping the modern university and technological advancements. We introduce social scholarship, a set of scholarly practices being envisioned within the conventional four domains of scholarship (i.e. discovery, integration, teaching and application). This paper provides concrete examples of the benefits and challenges of enacting social scholarly practices in light of Boisot’s theory of information flows, proprietary knowledge and the social learning cycle.

Design/methodology/approach
– This article is a cross-disciplinary conceptual exploration.

Findings
– In the model of social scholarship, access to knowledge is spreading faster than ever before; information flows are bi-directional in each domain (discovery, teaching, integration and application) where previously knowledge resided with the institution, flowing out to the public. Relationships between scholars and their university as well as between government, university, researchers and the public are being re-negotiated.

Research limitations/implications
– Certain limitations may exist, such as the conceptual alignment of a business model of knowledge generation to the university, which has particular cultures, service-orientations and power structures that are unique to academia.

Practical implications
– The alternative model for scholarship outlined in this paper has implications for those in higher education concerned with faculty recruitment, retention, professional development and performance review. The insights in this paper are also relevant for those concerned with the induction and training of doctoral students and preparation of future faculty programs.

Social implications
– The conceptualization of scholarship outlined in this paper has implications for a broad, non-specialist audience who seeks to access, critique and provide input on basic, interdisciplinary or applied research as well as teaching in higher education.

Originality/value
– Using a business model of knowledge generation, this paper introduces how current social media affordances and societal values can and are transforming conceptions of “the scholar,” “scholarship” and the university as knowledge-purveyor.
Using crime data in academic research: issues of comparability and integrity
Authors: Ludwig Anika , Marshall Mary 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Research into crime is reliant on data that is recorded and published by criminal justice agencies; data which is collected for other purposes. Considering the suitability of geocoded crime data for academic research purposes, this paper will demonstrate the difficulties faced regarding the availability, integrity and reliability of readily accessible criminal justice data.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data from two countries – England and Germany – were considered and set in a wider European Union (EU) context. Using the data received from requests made to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in England and openly published reports and data available from Germany, the authors provide a contextual picture of the availability and operability of data recorded by these agencies. Geocoded data that enable cross-national comparisons with respect to immigration, ethnicity and crime are particularly hard to locate, and conducting research using data (such as crime data) whose “integrity” is questionable in an academic environment becomes increasingly problematic.

Findings
– Analysing secondary data produced by a number of agencies are amplified due to the different methods of collection, management, retention and dissemination. It was found that even within England, the information provided by police forces varied greatly. Data in Germany were found to be more openly available and published electronically by a number of different criminal justice agencies; however, many of the issues apparent in English data regarding data integrity were also identified here.

Originality/value
– The need for good record-keeping and information sharing practices has taken on added significance in today’s global environment. The better availability of comparable criminal justice data has the potential to provide academics with increased opportunities to develop an evidence base for policymaking.
“Justice delayed is justice denied”
Authors: Ngoepe Mpho , Makhubela Salmon 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to investigate the cases of “delayed and denied” justice that resulted from a lack of or poor record-keeping in the South African courts and police service with a view to encouraging proper records management. Proper records management plays a significant role in supporting the justice system. Records provide the critical evidence that a particular action or transaction took place and can be used as evidence in a court of law. Without reliable and authentic records, government cannot administer justice and, as a result, offenders can be set free while the victims are denied justice.

Design/methodology/approach
– Utilising content analysis, this study extracted print media articles (2000-2012) relating to the “records and justice system” from the South African Media database, which is one of the databases hosted by the South African Bibliographic and Information Network. The study selected cases reported in the media to conduct follow-up interviews with a policeman, lawyer and judge to discover the implications of the unavailability of required records in court cases. Furthermore, access was given to three selected cases that were given high profile in the media and these cases were analysed to find out what the final verdict in each case was.

Findings
– Results of the study suggest that some criminal cases were withdrawn due to missing dockets or cases not properly registered. In some instances, records were reconstructed, resulting in the travesty of justice. The study concludes by arguing that if records are not accounted for, lawyers, prosecutors and magistrates could dispute the authenticity of records. As a result, justice for victims would be delayed and ultimately denied while the perpetrators are freed.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings and recommendations of this study may go a long way in helping courts in South Africa to manage records properly to support the justice system. Furthermore, the study is a useful compilation of the importance of missing records for social purposes.

Originality/value
– In an attempt to show the role of records management in the administration of justice in South Africa, this study used a triangulation of data collection tools. This is a new attempt, especially in the South African context. Previous studies in southern Africa only looked at the management of records in supporting justice system.
Contribution of Monomeric Anthocyanins to the Color of Young Red Wine: Statistical and Experimental Approaches
Authors: Liang Han Fu , Li Zheng , Xu Yan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMonomeric anthocyanin contributions to young red wine color were investigated using partial least square regression (PLSR) and aqueous alcohol solutions in this study. Results showed that the correlation between the anthocyanin concentration and the solution color fitted in a quadratic regression rather than linear or cubic regression. Malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside was estimated to show the highest contribution to young red wine color according to its concentration in wine, whereas peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside in its concentration contributed the least. The PLSR suggested that delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside under the same concentration resulted in a stronger color of young red wine compared with malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside. These estimates were further confirmed by their color in aqueous alcohol solutions. These results suggested that delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were primary anthocyanins to enhance young red wine color by increasing their concentrations. This study could provide an alternative approach to improve young red wine color by adjusting anthocyanin composition and concentration.
Metabolic Syndrome: Bridging the Gap from Childhood to Adulthood
Authors: Agirbasli Mehmet , Tanrikulu Azra M. , Berenson Gerald S. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryChildhood and adolescence are particularly vulnerable periods of life to the effects of cardiometabolic risk and later development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Developing countries with limited resources suffer most heavily from the consequences of cardiometabolic risk in children and its future implications to the global health burden. A better understanding of mechanisms leading to cardiometabolic risk in early life may lead to more effective prevention and intervention strategies to reduce metabolic stress in children and later disease. Longitudinal “tracking” studies of cardiometabolic risk in children provide a tremendous global resource to direct prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will summarize the pathophysiology, existing definitions for cardiometabolic risk components in children. Screening and identifying children and adolescents of high cardiometabolic risk and encouraging them and their families through healthy lifestyle changes should be implemented to as a global public health strategy.
Colombian reference growth curves for height, weight, body mass index and head circumference
Authors: Durán Paola , Merker Andrea , Briceño Germán , Colón Eugenia , Line Dionne , Abad Verónica , Del Toro Kenny , Chahín Silvia , Matallana Audrey Mary , Lema Adriana , Llano Mauricio , Céspedes Jaime , Hagenäs Lars 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimPublished Growth studies from Latin America are limited to growth references from Argentina and Venezuela. The aim of this study was to construct reference growth curves for height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and head circumference of Colombian children in a format that is useful for following the growth of the individual child and as a tool for public health.MethodsProspective measurements from 27 209 Colombian children from middle and upper socio‐economic level families were processed using the generalised additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS).ResultsDescriptive statistics for length and height, weight,BMIand head circumference for age are given as raw and smoothed values. Final height was 172.3 cm for boys and 159.4 cm for girls. Weight at 18 years of age was 64.0 kg for boys and 54 kg for girls. Growth curves are presented in a ± 3SDformat using logarithmic axes.ConclusionThe constructed reference growth curves are a start for following secular trends in Colombia and are also in the presented layout an optimal clinical tool for health care.
Failure to meet language milestones at two years of age is predictive of specific language impairment
Authors: Diepeveen F. Babette , Dusseldorp Elise , Bol Gerard W. , Oudesluys‐Murphy Anne Marie , Verkerk Paul H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThis study established predictive properties of single language milestones for specific language impairment (SLI) after the age of four, as these had not previously been reported in the literature.MethodsIn this nested case–control study, children attending special needs schools for severe speech and language difficulties were matched with children attending mainstream schools. Data covering the ages of zero to four years were retrieved from well‐child care clinics and the outcomes of 23 language milestones in the Dutch Developmental Instrument were analysed. The predictive properties were expressed as positive likelihood ratios, sensitivity and specificity.ResultsWe included 253 pairs of children with and without SLI, aged from four to 11 years. The mean age was eight years and three months, and 77% were boys. From the age of 18 months, cases and controls differed significantly on all milestones (p < 0.01). After 24 months, the language milestones had positive likelihood ratios that ranging from 6 to 108. In general, language milestones had a high specificity (range 77–100%), but the sensitivity was relatively low (range 0–68%).ConclusionFailure to meet language milestones from the age of 24 months was predictive of SLI, but the use of separate milestones had limited value due to low sensitivity.
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) protein adduct concentrations during therapeutic dosing
Authors: Heard Kennon , Green Jody L. , Anderson Victoria , Bucher‐Bartelson Becki , Dart Richard C. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundParacetamol protein adducts (PPA) are a biomarker of paracetamol exposure. PPA are quantified as paracetamol–cysteine (APAP‐CYS), and concentrations above 1.1 μmol l–1 have been suggested as a marker of paracetamol‐induced hepatotoxicity. However, there is little information on the range of concentrations observed during prolonged therapeutic dosing.AimThe aim of the present study was to describe the concentration of PPA in the serum of subjects taking therapeutic doses of paracetamol for at least 16 days.MethodsPreplanned secondary aim of a prospective randomized controlled (placebo vs. 4g day–1 paracetamol) trial. We measured subjects' serum PPA concentrations every 3 days for a minimum of 16 days. We also measured concentrations on study days 1–3 and 16–25 in subsets of patients. PPA were quantified as APAP‐CYS after gel filtration and protein digestion using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.RESULTSNinety per cent of subjects had detectable PPA after five doses. Median APAP‐CYS concentrations in paracetamol‐treated subjects increased to a plateau of 0.1 μmol l–1 on day 7, where they remained. The highest concentration measured was 1.1 μmol l–1 and two subjects never had detectable PPA levels. PPA were detected in the serum of 78% of subjects 9 days after their final dose.ConclusionsPPA are detectable in the vast majority of subjects taking therapeutic doses of paracetamol. While most have concentrations well below the threshold associated with hepatotoxicity, concentrations may approach 1.1 μmol l–1 in rare cases. Adducts are detectable after a few doses and can persist for over a week after dosing is stopped.
Paracetamol decreases steady‐state exposure to lamotrigine by induction of glucuronidation in healthy subjects
Authors: Gastrup Sandra , Stage Tore Bjerregaard , Fruekilde Palle Bach Nielsen , Damkier Per 
Published: November 2015

AimPatients receiving lamotrigine therapy frequently use paracetamol concomitantly. While one study suggests a possible, clinically relevant drug–drug interaction, practical recommendations of the concomitant use are inconsistent. We performed a systematic pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers to quantify the effect of 4 day treatment with paracetamol on the metabolism of steady‐state lamotrigine.MethodsTwelve healthy, male volunteers participated in an open label, sequential interaction study. Lamotrigine was titrated to steady‐state (100 mg daily) over 36 days, and blood and urine sampling was performed in a non‐randomized order with and without paracetamol (1 g four times daily). The primary endpoint was change in steady‐state area under the plasma concentration–time curve of lamotrigine. Secondary endpoints were changes in total apparent oral clearance, renal clearance, trough concentration of lamotrigine and formation clearance of lamotrigine glucuronide conjugates.ResultsCo‐administration of lamotrigine and paracetamol decreased the steady‐state area under the plasma concentration–time curve of lamotrigine by 20% (95% CI 10%, 25%; P < 0.001) from 166 to 127 μmol l–1. Concomitant administration of paracetamol increased the formation clearance of lamotrigine glucuronide conjugates by 45% (95% CI 18%, 79%, P = 0.005) from 1.7 to 2.8 l h–1, while the trough value of lamotrigine was reduced by 25% (95% CI 12%, 36%, P = 0.003) from 5.3 to 3.9 μmol l–1.ConclusionParacetamol statistically significantly induced steady‐state lamotrigine glucuronidation, resulting in a 20% decrease in total systemic exposure and a 25% decrease in trough value of lamotrigine. This interaction may be of clinical relevance in some patients.
Training teachers for virtual collaboration: A case study
Authors: Vinagre Margarita 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study aims to explore the development of teachers' competences when trained in virtual collaboration. In order to do so, we analyse the data gathered from a group of nine in‐service teachers who were trained in a forum and a wiki to become future telecollaborative teachers (TTs). During the course, participants worked in small groups and they had to carry out a series of tasks that included reviewing articles on virtual collaboration and implementing a hypothetical exchange. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on the content from the forum, wiki pages and answers to an end‐of‐course questionnaire. Findings suggest that there is a relationship between successful collaboration and the development of the knowledge base and competences required by the TT. Therefore, ensuring that sufficient quality interaction takes place among group members is essential in order to encourage the emergence of sound and friendly relationships that will facilitate active participation and negotiation of meaning.
Working alongside older people with a learning disability: informing and shaping research design
Authors: Herron Daniel , Priest Helena M. , Read Sue 
Published: November 2015

Accessible summary

This paper is about working with people with learning disabilities to develop a research (or ‘finding out’) study.

We worked with people from Reach, a group–advocacy project, which is part of Assist in Staffordshire, to write clear and simple information sheets and consent forms to help people with learning disabilities and dementia to participate in a research study.

We also worked with members of Reach to create appropriate, clear and simple interview questions to ask people with learning disabilities and dementia about their experiences

Working alongside people with learning disabilities helps to ensure the work is fit for purpose.

AbstractBackground: There has been an increase in inclusive research in the learning disability field; however, this has not been reflected within learning disability and dementia research, where little is known from the perspective of people with learning disabilities. This paper will define inclusive research, explore reasons for the dearth of inclusive dementia research, and identify the challenges of conducting dementia research involving people with learning disabilities.Materials and Methods: Examples of working with people with learning disabilities to develop elements of a PhD research study will be detailed and critically discussed.Results: These experiences aided the creation of accessible material about dementia for a PhD research study. Subsequently, this helped to overcome challenges of communication within the research study and helped to promote the participation of people with learning disabilities and dementia.Conclusion: Sharing these ideas about how we worked together will help others who are seeking to engage and achieve more inclusive research practices with marginalised populations.
Current policy and legislation in England regarding older people – what this means for older people with learning disabilities: a discussion paper
Authors: Turner Sue , Cooper Ueki Madeline 
Published: November 2015

Accessible summary

People with learning disabilities are living longer.

Older people with learning disabilities should be included in policies and plans that are for all older people.

National plans and policies for older people often do not say anything about older people with learning disabilities, and it is hard to know whether older people with learning disabilities are benefiting.

People who plan services locally often do not have good information on older people with learning disabilities.

Using the Equalities Act 2010 could help people who plan services and write policy to think about older people with learning disabilities but this is not happening at the moment.

People who work with older people with learning disabilities should be aware of policy for all older people, so that older people with learning disabilities do not miss out.

AbstractBackground: This paper seeks to explore the opportunities and challenges generated by current policy, guidance and legislation in England relating to older people, in terms of the practical implications for older people with learning disabilities.Methods: Using the broad themes housing, employment, social inclusion and isolation, care and support, and promoting better health and well‐being, this paper discusses potential practical opportunities and concerns for older people with learning disabilities arising from policy and legislation such as current initiatives regarding integration, personalisation and the dementia policy. Consideration is given to the implications of changing policy and practice for both current and future generations of people with a learning disability as they reach older age.Conclusions: This discussion paper concludes that whilst there is potential for older people with a learning disability to benefit from policy and practice aimed at improving the lives of older people generally, the tendency for policy to be targeted at specific groups without adequately considering the diversity of those groups often leaves those with a learning disability at the margins of being able to make the most of changes.
Children's Reasoning About Social Exclusion: Balancing Many Factors
Authors: Mulvey Kelly Lynn 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSocial exclusion is pervasive throughout development. In this article, I explore the factors involved in children's and adolescents' reasoning about and evaluation of group‐based exclusion: (a) social‐cognitive skill level, (b) social‐contextual factors, (c) emotion evaluations, and (d) competing moral and group‐based norms. Social exclusion in group‐based contexts involves balancing moral principles (focused on preventing harm and ensuring just and equitable treatment) with loyalty and allegiance to one's group. Children and adolescents evaluate these complex scenarios by weighing contextual factors, considering the role of the emotions experienced by excluders and by those who are excluded, and relying on their social‐cognitive skills and knowledge. With age, children reason about social exclusion with greater and more nuanced sophistication across many contexts.