bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drill‐related root injury caused by intraoperative intermaxillary fixation: an analysis of 1067 screw applications
Authors: Hartwig Stefan , Boettner Andreas , Doll Christian , Voss Jan O. , Hertel Moritz , Preissner Saskia , Raguse Jan D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground/AimsIntermaxillary fixation is a standard procedure for the treatment of mandibular fractures or in orthognathic surgery. Predrilling for screws poses the risk of accidental tooth root injury, potentially leading to further pathological processes. Limited evidence about accidental tooth injury during intermaxillary fixation is available due to heterogenous study designs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of root trauma using predrilled transgingival fixation screws and the clinical consequences for the affected teeth.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study, the data of open reduction and internal fixation surgery files with intraoperative application of predrilled intermaxillary fixation screws were analysed. The postoperative radiographic images were evaluated for the occurrence of tooth root injury. Patients diagnosed with root injury were clinically followed up with respect to the dental health for the affected teeth.ResultsA total of 133 radiologically diagnosed tooth root injuries were recorded (12.5% of screws). The median follow‐up interval was 16 months (range: 3–77 months). The return rate was 49.5% for all patients. Of these, four of the injured teeth (3%) needed endodontic treatment. No toothache was reported, no tooth was lost, and no negative impact on periodontal health was clinically evident.ConclusionIntermaxillary fixation with predrilled transgingival screws is a safe way to manage mandibular fractures. The incidence of tooth root injury is not uncommon, but the adverse side effects are rare and the health of the affected teeth is mostly not compromised.
Diagnostic utility of invasiveEEGfor epilepsy surgery: Indications, modalities, and techniques
Authors: Jayakar Prasanna , Gotman Jean , Harvey A. Simon , Palmini André , Tassi Laura , Schomer Donald , Dubeau Francois , Bartolomei Fabrice , Yu Alice , Kršek Pavel , Velis Demetrios , Kahane Philippe 
Published: September 2016

SummaryMany patients with medically refractory epilepsy now undergo successful surgery based on noninvasive diagnostic information, but intracranial electroencephalography (IEEG) continues to be used as increasingly complex cases are considered surgical candidates. The indications forIEEGand the modalities employed vary across epilepsy surgical centers; each modality has its advantages and limitations.IEEGcan be performed in the same intraoperative setting, that is, intraoperative electrocorticography, or through an independent implantation procedure with chronic extraoperative recordings; the latter are not only resource intensive but also carry risk. A lack of understanding ofIEEGlimitations predisposes to data misinterpretation that can lead to denying surgery when indicated or, worse yet, incorrect resection with adverse outcomes. Given the lack of class 1 or 2 evidence onIEEG, a consensus‐based expert recommendation on the diagnostic utility ofIEEGis presented, with emphasis on the application of various modalities in specific substrates or locations, taking into account their relative efficacy, safety, ease, and incremental cost‐benefit. These recommendations aim to curtail outlying indications that risk the over‐ or underutilization ofIEEG, while retaining substantial flexibility in keeping with most standard practices at epilepsy centers and addressing some of the needs of resource‐poor regions around the world.
Neuropsychological performance and seizure control after subsequent anteromesial temporal lobe resection following selective amygdalohippocampectomy
Authors: Sauvigny Thomas , Brückner Katja , Dührsen Lasse , Heese Oliver , Westphal Manfred , Stodieck Stefan R. G. , Martens Tobias 
Published: September 2016

SummaryObjectiveSelective amygdalohippocampectomy (sAHE) is a well‐established treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy, commonly with favorable neuropsychological outcome. Yet, it is still unknown if subsequent resection of the anteromesial temporal lobe (AMTLR), when necessary, deteriorates neuropsychological performance in this selected group of patients. Thus, we evaluated the clinical and neuropsychological data of patients who, due to insufficient seizure control after sAHE, received a subsequent ipsilateral AMTLR and compared these findings with patients who did not receive a second resection (control group).MethodsPatients’ characteristics and neuropsychological data were assessed and analyzed in the reoperated as well as in the control group at each step of treatment. Experienced neuropsychologists conducted the standardized examination focusing on verbal, figural and working memory, speech fluency and attention. Preoperative diagnostics included further continuous video‐electroencephalography monitoring, high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging and functional transcranial Doppler sonography.ResultsEighty patients having received sAHE in our center from 11/2007 to 02/2013 were included in this study. Seventeen of these patients underwent subsequent AMTLR. Thirteen of these were available for follow‐up after the second surgery and twelve had a comprehensive neuropsychological testing at all three steps. Analyzing the neuropsychological data revealed no significant differences compared with controls. On the individual level, the data demonstrated that improvement in a subdomain was more frequent than decline, if the performance had already deteriorated after the first procedure. Seizure control improved significantly (p < 0.001) in all patients after subsequent AMTLR resulting in seven patients being seizure‐free at follow‐up.SignificanceSubsequent AMTLR following sAHE can be a safe procedure to improve seizure outcome in selected patients. In our series the risk for further neuropsychological deterioration after the second procedure was low. The neuropsychological performance after the sAHE can be a valuable criterion to advise patients who are eligible for a second surgery on their risk of further cognitive decline.
Complexity of hydrogeologic regime around an ancient low‐angle thrust fault revealed by multidisciplinary field study
Authors: Mundy E. M. , Dascher‐Cousineau K. , Gleeson T. , Rowe C. D. , Allen D. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCo‐located and integrated observation of the surface and subsurface is necessary to characterize fault zone hydrogeology. The spectacular cliff‐face exposure of the Champlain Thrust fault at Lone Rock Point, Vermont, and a nearby well‐field site provides the opportunity for co‐located structural and hydrogeologic field observations. We mapped the prominent structural features of the Champlain Thrust fault and discrete groundwater seeps in outcrop, and also drilled through the fault near the outcrop and determined aquifer parameters from aquifer pumping tests. In outcrop, the fault core thickness varies on the meter scale, splays out into multiple strands, and is offset by a minor normal fault. Groundwater seeps are prevalent in the heavily fractured footwall, but limited in the fault core and hanging wall, suggesting that at the cliff face the water table is generally near the fault core and groundwater flow in the hanging wall is limited. Enrichment of more soluble minerals in cemented fault rock associated with older strands of the fault system may play an important role in localizing karst features in the hanging wall. At the well‐field site, the Champlain Thrust fault is offset significantly by a high‐angle normal fault, the water table is near the surface, and aquifer pumping tests reveal a complex hydrogeologic system, with karst and steep fractures as strong hydraulic conduits in the hanging wall and fault core. The most salient features of the fault zone hydrogeology in the surface and subsurface data are different, but can be integrated into a preliminary conceptual model. Together, the surface and subsurface methods underscore and emphasize the complexity and heterogeneity of the hydrogeology of this low‐angle sedimentary fault.
Effects of seasonality and a daily photo‐protection upon some facial signs of Chinese women
Authors: Flament F. , Qiu H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesThese were two‐fold: (i) to record through standardized pictures, the possible changes in 31 facial signs induced, in a 6‐month period, by the periodical shift from winter to summer in a group of 43 Chinese women and (ii) to appraise the preventive effects of a strong photo‐protective product, daily applied to the faces of an additional group (N = 40) of women of same age‐range and presenting same severities of facial signs in winter.MethodsFacial signs (structural and pigmentation‐related) were scored in blind by a panel of 12 experts from photographs taken under standard conditions. Scorings were performed under specific scales as established by a previously published referential Skin Aging Atlas, Volume 2, Asian Type.ResultsA significant seasonal impact was found for more than 60% of facial signs, that is presenting a higher severity in summer in the unprotected group. Some changes are of a low or subtle extent, whereas some others show significant amplitudes. The latter comprise eight signs, among the 31, that became, far above scoring threshold, indeed affected during this 6‐month period. The observed changes in six of these eight signs, in majority related to pigmentation, appeared efficiently alleviated in the photo‐protected group.ConclusionThe shift from winter to summer exposure is confirmed in altering some facial pigmented signs among Chinese women. Such changes appear much alleviated by a daily strong photo‐protective regimen.
Clinical pharmacists' opportunities to reduce inappropriate prescription of QT-prolonging medications: calls to action
Authors: Dhanani Trusha C , Mantovani Emily H , Turner J Rick 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
All biologically active agents carry the potential to lead to adverse reactions in certain individuals, including serious cardiac adverse reactions. Since 2005, there has been an international regulatory landscape governing the investigation of a new drug's propensity to lead to the polymorphic ventricular tachycardia Torsades de Pointes (Torsades), a rare but potentially fatal occurrence. When a regulatory agency considers it appropriate, warning information is placed in a medicine's patient information leaflet (label) concerning drug-induced QT interval prolongation, a phenomenon associated with Torsades. In busy hospital settings, however, prescribers, including cardiologists, make injudicious prescribing decisions that put patients at risk. The science of cardiac safety, including the clinical trials that generate the information about QT prolongation in patient information leaflets, is frequently not part of the curriculum at Schools of Pharmacy. Given that medication-induced cardiotoxicity is extremely serious, we advocate that schools integrate the science of cardiac safety into existing therapeutics/therapeutic medication monitoring courses. Given their expert knowledge of pharmacology, pharmacists working as part of a hospital's clinical team would then be even better placed to review prescribing decisions concerning medications that prolong the QT interval, and alert prescribers in cases where reassessing their decisions seems prudent. National pharmacy societies or other pertinent professional societies could create practice guidelines to support graduates once employed as clinical pharmacists. Clinical pharmacists are well placed to be influential arbiters of safer prescribing decisions. Cardiac safety education during their pharmacy training and practice guideline support from professional societies during their careers can optimize this role.
It’s not what you do it’s the way that it’s measured: quality assessment of minor ailment management in community pharmacies
Authors: Inch Jackie , Porteous Terry , Maskrey Vivienne , Blyth Annie , Burr Jackie , Cleland Jennifer , Wright David J , Holland Richard , Bond Christine M , Watson Margaret C 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Effective management of minor ailments in community pharmacies could reduce the burden on alternative high-cost services (general practices, Emergency Departments). Evidence is needed regarding the appropriateness of management of these conditions in community pharmacies.

Objective
To explore the appropriateness of minor ailment management in community pharmacies.

Setting
Prospective, observational study of simulated patient (SP) visits to community pharmacies in Grampian (Scotland) and East Anglia (England).

Method
Eighteen pharmacies (nine per centre) were recruited within a 25-mile radius of Aberdeen or Norwich. Consultations for four minor ailments were evaluated: back pain; vomiting/diarrhoea; sore throat; and eye discomfort. Each pharmacy received one SP visit per ailment (four visits/pharmacy; 72 visits total). Visits were audio-recorded and SPs completed a data collection form immediately after each visit.

Primary Outcome Measure
Each SP consultation was assessed for appropriateness against product licence, practice guidelines and study-specific consensus standards developed by a multi-disciplinary consensus panel.

Results
Evaluable data were available for 68/72 (94.4%) visits. Most (96%) visits resulted in the sale of a product; advice alone was the outcome of three visits. All product sales complied with the product licence, 52 (76%) visits complied with practice guidelines and seven visits achieved a ‘basic’ standard according to the consensus standard.

Conclusion
Appropriateness of care varied according to the standard used. Pharmacy-specific quality standards are needed which are realistic and relevant to the pharmacy context and which reflect legal and clinical guidelines to promote the safe and effective management of minor ailments in this setting.
Evaluation of brand names of medicines: linguistic and format issues
Authors: Pires Carla , Cavaco Afonso , Vigário Marina 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Focusing on the shape of brand names of medicines in the Portuguese market, the aims of this study were: to evaluate the number of words, syllables and letters, to identify the combinations of letters that are not found in Portuguese words and to characterize the use of capital letters in these names.

Methods
A descriptive study was conducted using 474 randomized brand names of medicines, approximately 25% of all over-the-counter and prescribed medicines available in Portugal. The number of words, syllables and letters was automatically determined with a dedicated software. The combinations of letters that are not found in Portuguese and the use of capital letters were quantified through visual inspection.

Key Findings
The 474 names were formed by 615 words. 74.5% of the words comprised three or less syllables, the most common number of syllables in the Portuguese words (91%). As recommended, 81% (n = 385) names were formed by just one word, 59.2% (n = 281) of the names were composed of 5–8 letters, and 83.1% (n = 394) presented the first letter in capitals or all letters in upper case. Contrary to recommendations, 22% of the names comprised combinations of letters that are not commonly found in Portuguese words.

Conclusions
Given the current readability requirements, some of the Portuguese brand names of medicines should be reduced in length, adapted to the native language or capitalized. Equivalent studies are recommended in other European countries, because many brands of medicines are internationally marketed, while their development and approval should be beyond general marketing rules.
The relationship between employer‐provided training and the retention of older workers: Evidence from Germany
Authors: BERG Peter B. , HAMMAN Mary K. , PISZCZEK Matthew M. , RUHM Christopher J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA substantial portion of Germany's workforce will soon retire, making it difficult for businesses to meet their human capital needs; training older workers may help to manage this demographic transition. The authors therefore examine the relationships between employer‐provided training programmes, wages and retirement among older workers. They find that when establishments offer special training programmes targeted at these workers, women – especially low‐paid women – are less likely to retire, possibly because of consequent wage growth. Their results suggest that such targeted training can indeed play an important role in retaining low‐wage older women and advancing their careers.
Psychological responses, coping and supporting needs of healthcare professionals as second victims
Authors: Chan S.T. , Khong P.C.B. , Wang W. 
Published: September 2016

AimTo provide an overview of healthcare professionals' psychological responses, coping strategies and supporting needs in the aftermath of an adverse event, thus informing health policy implications and future research in this aspect.BackgroundTrauma experienced by healthcare professionals as second victims potentially provokes intense emotional distress, detrimental professional outcomes and imposes harsh long‐term effects.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed to synthesize the experiences and needs of second victims who are healthcare professionals being traumatized by an unanticipated adverse event, medical error or patient‐related injury. CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles published in English from January 2000 to October 2015.ResultsData extraction was performed for the 30 studies selected. Second victims experienced enduring intense negative psychological responses. They adopted multiple coping mechanisms and desired emotional and informational support.ConclusionSecond victims experience substantial psychological impact which can be mitigated with supportive environments. It is imperative that subsequent research consider the potential factors affecting second victims' emotional experience, efficacy of coping strategies in facilitating recovery and obtain a comprehensive understanding of second victims' experience.Implications for nursing and health policyNursing and health management's role in establishing organizational support structures is necessary to meet second victims' needs. This existing knowledge is significant to guide policy makers in developing a holistic and effective second victim support programme.
Minimizing the total waiting time of intermediate products in a manufacturing process
Authors: de Matta Renato 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA mixed model production plan may use a schedule that will consecutively produce a small batch of each product model on a production line. However, it may be necessary to deviate from this schedule and produce the models in larger batches at a manufacturing cell in the production line if the manufacturing cell cannot support many setups. A potential problem with large batches is that products that are produced early must wait for its turn at the next step of the production process. When additional operations are performed on products that wait in order to restore its quality, it is imperative to schedule production such that the total time products wait is minimized. We model the problem as scheduling jobs on a single machine with setups and deadlines such that the total waiting time is minimized. We develop a tabu search based heuristic and branch‐and‐bound algorithm to solve the model. Results show that the heuristic solution to 30‐product–3‐product model problems is within 3% of its optimal solution.
Theory‐based self‐management educational interventions on patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhao Fang‐Fang , Suhonen Riitta , Koskinen Sanna , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo synthesize the effects of theory‐based self‐management educational interventions on patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in randomized controlled trials.BackgroundType 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease causing complications that put a heavy burden on society and reduce the quality of life of patients. Good self‐management of diabetes can prevent complications and improve the quality of life of T2DM patients.DesignSystematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials following Cochrane methods.Data resourcesA literature search was carried out in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PSYCINFO, and Web of Science databases (1980–April 2015).Review methodsThe risk of bias of these eligible studies was assessed independently by two authors using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The Publication bias of the main outcomes was examined. Statistical heterogeneity and random‐effects model were used for meta‐analysis.ResultsTwenty studies with 5802 participants met the inclusion criteria. The interventions in the studies were based on one or more theories which mostly belong to mid‐range theories. The pooled main outcomes by random‐effects model showed significant improvements in HbA1c, self‐efficacy, and diabetes knowledge, but not in BMI. As for quality of life, no conclusions can be drawn as the pooled outcome became the opposite with reduced heterogeneity after one study was excluded. No significant publication bias was found in the main outcomes.ConclusionTo get theory‐based interventions to produce more effects, the role of patients should be more involved and stronger and the education team should be trained beyond the primary preparation for the self‐management education program.
The potential for nurses to contribute to and lead improvement science in health care
Authors: Flynn Rachel , Scott Shannon D. , Rotter Thomas , Hartfield Dawn 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimA discussion of how nurses can contribute to and lead improvement science activities in health care.BackgroundQuality failures in health care have led to the urgent need for healthcare quality improvement. However, commonly quality improvement interventions proceed to practice implementation without rigorous methods or sufficient empirical evidence. This lack of evidence for quality improvement has led to the development of improvement science, which embodies quality improvement research and quality improvement practice. This paper discusses how the discipline of nursing and the nursing profession possesses many strengths that enable nurses to lead and to play an integral role in improvement science activities. However, we also discuss that there are insufficiencies in nursing education that require attention for nurses to truly contribute to and lead improvement science in health care.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesThis paper builds on a collection of our previous work, a 12‐month scoping review (March 2013–March 2014), baseline study on a quality improvement management system (Lean), interviews with nurses on quality improvement implementation and supporting literature.Implications for nursingThis paper highlights how nurses have the philosophical, theoretical, political and ethical positioning to contribute to and lead improvement science activities. However up to now, the potential for nurses to lead improvement science activities has not been fully used.ConclusionWe suggest that one starting point is to include improvement science in nursing education curricula. Specifically, there needs to be increased focus on the nursing roles and skills needed to contribute to and lead healthcare improvement science activities.