bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of myofascial release and microwave diathermy combined with acupuncture versus acupuncture therapy in tension‐type headache patients: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Georgoudis George , Felah Bledjana , Nikolaidis Pantelis , Damigos Dimitrios 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and purposeNonpharmacological therapies for tension‐type headache (TTH) and cervicogenic cephalalgia are often a treatment choice, despite the weak to moderate evidence. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an acupuncture/stretching protocol versus acupuncture/stretching plus physiotherapy techniques, in patients with TTH cephalalgia.MethodsA single‐blind, prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial was designed considering the pragmatic situation of administering such protocols and treating the 44 headache patients participating in this study. The patients were randomly assigned in 2 treatment groups (control group, n = 20, acupuncture/stretching; experimental group, n = 24, acupuncture/stretching plus physiotherapy) and completed 10 treatment sessions within 4 weeks with measurements taking place before treatment, after the fifth treatment and after the 10th treatment. The mechanical pressure pain threshold (PPT) was considered as the main outcome measure, using a mechanical algometer to measure 7 bilateral somatic points. Acupuncture in both groups included 17–20 acupuncture points, whereas stretching was initially taught and subsequently self‐administered (self‐stretches), following a standardized set of movements of the cervical spine. Physiotherapy consisted of microwave diathermy and myofascial release with hands‐on techniques.Results/findingsAn improvement was noted in both groups/treatments regarding the main outcome measure PPT, all the way from the first to fifth and the 10th treatment, at all measuring sites and at all measurements in both groups (p < .001). When comparing the 2 groups, differences were noted after the 10th treatment (p < .05).DiscussionIn conclusion, patients with TTH headache were benefited from acupuncture and stretching but further PPT improvements were evidenced when physiotherapy hands‐on techniques were added. In clinical terms, the combination of physiotherapy in the form of myofascial release and microwave diathermy with acupuncture and stretching in order to improve the analgesic effect (PPT) is strongly recommended.
Fascio‐Adipo‐Cutaneous Lateral Advancement Flap for Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus: A Modification of the Karydakis Operation—Cohort Study
Authors: Abo‐Ryia Mohammad Hamdy , Abd‐Allah Hamdy Sedky , Al‐Shareef Mahmoud Moustafa , Abdulrazek Mahmoud Mohammed 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPilonidal sinus is a common chronic disease affecting young adults. Many surgical procedures have been developed for its treatment, but an optimal one has still not been achieved. This study presents a modification to the Karydakis operation.MethodsA total of 265 patients with chronic pilonidal sinus between May 2008 and May 2015 were included in this study and submitted to fascio‐adipo‐cutaneous lateral advancement flap as 1‐day case surgery. Any Septic complication was treated firstly. Follow‐up examinations were conducted during the first three postoperative months at the outpatient clinic at regular intervals and thereafter by phone calls or direct examination to check for recurrences.ResultsMales constituted 93.6% with a mean age of 21.6 ± 7.7 year. The median disease duration was 15 months. Twenty‐eight patients had recurrent disease. The mean operative time was 41.4 ± 12.7 min. The mean time out of work was 11.6 ± 4.6 days. Complications occurred in 19 patients (7.1%) in the form of seroma in six patients (2.2%), superficial wound infection occurred in nine patients (3.3%), cuticular wound disruption occurred in four patients (1.5%). All patients completed 3‐months follow‐up, but 48 patients were lost at variable intervals with the remaining 217 patients completed follow‐up throughout the period of the study with a median follow‐up of 43 months. No reported recurrence and 96.7% of the patients were satisfied about their wound.ConclusionThis modification is simple with low complication rate, no recurrence, and excellent patient satisfaction.
Correction to: Landslide susceptibility mapping of the Sera River Basin using logistic regression model
Authors: Raja Nussaïbah B. , Çiçek Ihsan , Türkoğlu Necla , Aydin Olgu , Kawasaki Akiyuki 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The article “Landslide susceptibility mapping of the Sera River Basin using logistic regression model,” written by Nussaïbah B. Raja, Ihsan Çiçek, Necla Türkoğlu, Olgu Aydin, and Akiyuki Kawasaki, was originally published Online First without open access.
TSUNAGARI: a new interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study toward conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services
Authors: Nakaoka Masahiro , Sudo Kenji , Namba Mizuho , Shibata Hideaki , Nakamura Futoshi , Ishikawa Satoshi , Makino Mitsutaku , Yamano Hiroya , Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Yamakita Takehisa , Yu Xiubo , Hou Xiyong , Li Xiaowei , Brodie Jon , Kanemoto Keiichiro , Moran Dan , Verones Francesca 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe expanding economical activities have accelerated losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services, which are especially pronounced in Asia. To find solutions to stop these losses, a group of scientists studying both ecological and social sciences has launched an interdisciplinary research network, entitled TSUNAGARI (Trans‐System, UNified Approach for Global and Regional Integration of social‐ecological study toward sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services). The project is based on two main perspectives: (1) integrating different disciplines of environmental research across multiple spatial scales, and (2) evaluating the importance of ecosystem connectivity between land and ocean for biodiversity and ecosystem services. The integrative studies have been started as follows: (1) integrating global‐scale analyses of biodiversity and economy by developing GIS‐based footprint analysis, (2) establishing the link between the studies of local good practices of ecosystem management and life cycle assessment on ecosystem good and services, (3) linking local‐scale ecosystem studies to decision making processes for sustainable society by multiple stakeholders, and (4) upscaling local analyses of ecosystem processes to broad‐scale analyses of ecosystem patterns. The proposed approaches are considered effective to solve problems that impede conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of multiple ecosystem services in various situations although we also find some gaps such as regional biases in biodiversity data and involvement of different types of stakeholders. By overcoming the major bottlenecks, we believe the new integrated approaches will promote conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity and ecosystem services research, and contribute to advance decision‐making processes from local communities to international levels.
In the Eyes of Uman Pilgrims: A Vision of Place and Its Inhabitants
Authors: Marchenko Alla 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article is focused on the visions of pilgrimages to Rabbi Nachman’s site located in Uman, Ukraine. Research results are based on the analysis of in-depth interviews with eighteen Americans who have made the pilgrimage, supplemented by reading in secondary sources about pilgrimage and travel, especially American Jewish travel to Eastern Europe. Emphasis is made on the perception of both place and locals, as well as upon the leading motives and characteristics of pilgrimage. This research sheds light upon the role of existing stereotypes and personal encounters in cross-cultural issues. Dominant attitudes of pilgrims to locals in Uman may be characterized in the frame of the conceptual trio of “background fear,” “historical aftertaste,” and “learned neutrality.” Huge differences between the understanding of Uman as a place for pilgrimage and a space with inhabitants raise the questions of parallel historical heritages bound within the same territory and time.
Manual and Automated Cleaning Are Equally Effective for the Removal of Organic Contaminants From Laparoscopic Instruments
Authors: de Camargo Tamara Carolina , Almeida Alda Graciele Claudio dos Santos , Bruna Camila Quartim de Moraes , Ciofi-Silva Caroline Lopes , Pinto Flávia Morais Gomes , Graziano Kazuko Uchikawa 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVETo compare the effectiveness of manual and automated methods for cleaning laparoscopic instruments.DESIGNExperimental laboratory study.METHODSWe evaluated 4 methods of cleaning laparoscopic instruments: (1) manual-only cleaning and rinsing with potable tap water; (2) manual cleaning and rinsing with potable tap water, followed by ultrasonic cleaning without rinsing; (3) manual cleaning and rinsing with potable tap water followed by ultrasonic cleaning and rinsing with potable tap water; and (4) manual cleaning and rinsing with potable tap water, followed by ultrasonic cleaning and rinsing: first with potable tap water and then with sterile distilled water. Organic residues of protein, hemoglobin, and carbohydrates were evaluated using spectrophotometry.RESULTSThe various cleaning methods tested did not result in statistically significant differences (P>.05) in the levels of investigated organic residues.CONCLUSIONSAll cleaning and rinsing methods tested were found to be effective in reducing the levels of organic residues on laparoscopic instruments. Thus, there is no advantage gained by supplementing manual-only cleaning with automated ultrasonic cleaning, nor was there a difference between rinsing with potable tap versus sterile distilled water.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:58–63
The role of the mussel Mytilus spp. in the transmission of ostreid herpesvirus-1 microVar
Authors: O’ Reilly A. J. , Laide C. , Maloy A , Hutton S. , Bookelaar B. , O’ Sullivan K. , Lynch S. A. , Culloty S. C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas contributes significantly to global aquaculture; however, C. gigas culture has been affected by ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and variants. The dynamics of how the virus maintains itself at culture sites is unclear and the role of carriers, reservoirs or hosts is unknown. Both wild and cultured mussels Mytilus spp. (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis and hybrids) are commonly found at C. gigas culture sites. The objective of this study was to investigate if Mytilus spp. can harbour the virus and if viral transmission can occur between mussels and oysters. Mytilus spp. living at oyster trestles, 400–500 m higher up the shore from the trestles and up to 26 km at non-culture sites were screened for OsHV-1 and variants by all the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) recommended diagnostic methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), histology, in situ hybridization and confirmation using direct sequencing. The particular primers that target OsHV-1 and variants, including OsHV-1 microVar (μVar), were used in the PCR and qPCR. OsHV-1 μVar was detected in wild Mytilus spp. at C. gigas culture sites and more significantly the virus was detected in mussels at non-culture sites. Cohabitation of exposed wild mussels and naïve C. gigas resulted in viral transmission after 14 days, under an elevated temperature regime. These results indicate that mussels can harbour OsHV-1 μVar; however, the impact of OsHV-1 μVar on Mytilus spp. requires further investigation.
On the coherence of Yasna: a critical assessment of recent arguments
Authors: Ahmadi Amir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn recent years a number of scholars have proposed more or less detailed schemas of the formation of the Zoroastrian ritual. These schemas offer accounts of the arrangement of the texts in the liturgy, the process of its formation, and even its function from an endogenous perspective. One way or another, they argue that the official Zoroastrian liturgy is an integrated ritual with a coherent text, and that the function of the ritual and the intention behind the arrangement of the texts can be determined by means of philological, literary and comparative analyses. The questions of formation and meaning of the Zoroastrian liturgy these scholars have placed on the agenda are important not only for the study of Zoroastrianism but also for the history of religions and ritual theory. I consider their accounts with respect to the texts they invoke and the methods they use, and show that their arguments suffer from fatal flaws.
SOCIAL PROGRESS
Authors: Kitcher Philip 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:The concept of social progress I hope to rehabilitate will be local, far from locally complete, and permit only modest extensions; it will be pragmatic rather than teleological. In this way, it will hope to avoid treating the multiplicity of goods as if there were always the possibility of comparing them on a single scale, to abandon the idea of a final state toward which history is tending or should tend, and to substitute piecemeal accomplishments for utopian ends. Its emphasis on local comparisons will allow it to forgo sweeping historical comparisons, those juxtaposing the “enlightened” with “lesser breeds without the law,” or the “ancients” with the “moderns.” A restrained pragmatic concept of social progress honors the insights of critics of the notion of social progress, seeing them as questioning alleged presuppositions that can be given up.
PROGRESS AND REGRESS: UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX SOCIAL MEASURES AND THEIR TRADE-OFFS
Authors: Green Daniel Austin , Herzberg Roberta Q. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:What is progress and what is not progress? We can talk about progress in lots of different arenas; we will focus primarily on economic and scientific progress, but also make brief reference to cultural and moral progress. In our discussion, we want to distinguish, especially, between overall, long-term progress and narrower, shorter-term progress or regress. We will refer to these as “global” and “local” progress, respectively. Of course, one can also regress; therefore, we will also look at instances where progress, along some dimension, slows or even moves backwards. Generally, such regress is local, and often still in a context of broader, global progress. In scientific progress, for example, there are many instances of short-term progress which, if not completely discarded or disproved, are at least substantially modified or fundamentally challenged. And yet, those research paths, even when later abandoned, still contributed to the overall progress of the field. In that sense, the regress (that is, rejection or modification of previous theories) is corrected by, but not in conflict with, the overall progress. In the case of economic progress, the concept of regress usually takes on a different form in which things that aren’t advancing progress don’t necessarily stop it, but are simply retarding progress — that is, making the rate of progress less efficient. The consequence, we suggest, is that when talking about economic progress, objections to certain consequences of economic progress (for instance, income inequality — a type of regress, in our terminology) should not be cordoned off and dealt with independently, but should be incorporated into the way we think about economic progress itself — as instances of local regress within a context of global progress. We explore the effects of these different relations between progress and regress to suggest some of the challenges those seeking to broaden the standard measure, GDP, to incorporate other social values of well-being will face moving forward.
Calcium phosphate cements for bone engineering and their biological properties
Authors: Xu Hockin HK , Wang Ping , Wang Lin , Bao Chongyun , Chen Qianming , Weir Michael D , Chow Laurence C , Zhao Liang , Zhou Xuedong , Reynolds Mark A 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCalcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are frequently used to repair bone defects. Since their discovery in the 1980s, extensive research has been conducted to improve their properties, and emerging evidence supports their increased application in bone tissue engineering. Much effort has been made to enhance the biological performance of CPCs, including their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biodegradability, bioactivity, and interactions with cells. This review article focuses on the major recent developments in CPCs, including 3D printing, injectability, stem cell delivery, growth factor and drug delivery, and pre-vascularization of CPC scaffolds via co-culture and tri-culture techniques to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
Crystallisation of CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl) trihalide perovskite using PbI2 and PbCl2 precursors
Authors: Loryuenyong Vorrada , Khiaokaeo Nuchnapa , Koomsin Worrapol , Thongchu Siripat , Buasri Achanai 
Published: December 2017

In this work, the effects of halides on the properties of mixed‐halide perovskite films are investigated. The films were prepared by sequential deposition two‐step technique. PbI2 or PbI2‐PbCl2 solution was first spin‐coated on fluorine‐doped tin oxide glasses, and CH3NH3 (Ix Bry) solution, with different molar ratio of I− and Br− (1:0, 2:1, 4:1, 1:4, 1:2, and 0:1), was subsequently coated on top. Then, the films were annealed at 90°C for 1 h and 100°C for 25 min to transform into perovskite structure. The characterisation of perovskite films included X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the incorporation of Br− and/or Cl− in iodine‐based perovskites, i.e. CH3NH3 Pb(I1−x Brx)3 and CH3NH3 Pb(I1−x −y Brx Cly)3, would enlarge their bandgap. However, with the use of PbI2 precursor, excess PbI2 occurred and resulted in minor affects on the structural and optical properties. The use of PbCl2 as chlorine source was also found to affect the quality of the film morphology. The analysis in this study could provide another insightful aspect for understanding the role of halides in the synthesis of mixed‐halide perovskites.
The addiction thought collective: How think tanks foster addiction
Authors: Miller David , Harkins Claire , Schlögl Matthias , Montague Brendan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The rise of think tanks is a key development in the evolution of policy networks. The sheer scale and reach of think tanks is underappreciated: for example, the European Policy Institutes Network has a membership of at least 500 think tanks. In Europe, the conversation about the relationship between think tanks, new policy elites, and the politics of expertise is still at an early stage. Think tanks, however, are widely held to play a fundamental role in the politics of expertise in Brussels. In this chapter we first examine how think tanks appear in our network data and then review the activities and role of five central think tanks in the Brussels arena. Our data show that, empirically speaking, think tanks are an important and underappreciated element of the architecture of corporate policy action in relation to tobacco, alcohol, food, and gambling products.
Building Research Teams
Authors: Peach Ken 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses the process of building research teams. Increasingly over the past three-quarters of a century, science has become a collective activity, with teams of tens, hundreds or even thousands of scientists, engineers and technicians working together on a common goal. Consequently, almost all research involves building, motivating and maintaining a research team. Even a theoretical group is likely to have one or two postdocs, graduate students and visitors, but research teams will, in addition, have engineers and technicians, as well as, possibly, research administrators. The chapter also addresses the importance of creating and maintaining a good team and team spirit, as large projects are assembled from a large number of small teams working on common goals, usually in a loose federated structure with some overall coordination and leadership.
Health and Safety
Authors: Peach Ken 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses health and safety, as ensuring health and safety is one of the most important functions of management. Health and safety rules are, generally speaking, universal: they cover employees and others in the workplace. Employees have a responsibility to take reasonable care of both themselves and others while at work, and to comply with all relevant laws and regulations pertaining to their work. Employers and managers have a duty to provide a safe working environment, and to ensure that employees are properly trained and have access to all relevant information to enable them to carry out their work without risk to their or others health. It is important to understand the chain of delegation: while it is possible to delegate the authority to a subordinate to deal with health and safety issues, the responsibility itself is not delegated. In this chapter, requirements for health and safety are discussed briefly, with examples.
Problems
Authors: Peach Ken 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter identifies on three different types of problems: research problems, personnel problems and unexpected problems. The first two are the daily stuff of leadership and management, and are discussed in the res of this book; it is the third category that can present ethical challenges. Some of the most difficult issues that the manager has to deal with concern people who, in one way or another, have personal (as opposed to personel) problems that affect their work. These need to be dealt with firmly but fairly. The general principles of problem resolution and dealing with people are discussed and some examples are worked through. Most of these problems will, at some point, lead to a difficult interview, and techniques for handling this are also discussed.
Deals and Development in a Resource-Dependent, Fragile State
Authors: Werker Eric , Pritchett Lant 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter finds five growth episodes in Liberia’s history. From 1960 to 1971, a period of miracle growth during the presidency of William Tubman. Stagnation and decline followed during the period of 1971–9 when Tubman’s successor, William Tolbert, faced a series of negative trade shocks and a crumbling coalition of support causing negative feedback loops within the economy. Tolbert was overthrown in 1979 by Samuel Doe who oversaw Liberia’s political and economic collapse in 1980–9, and whose political settlement and exclusion of certain factions sowed the seeds for the civil war between 1990 and 2005. The fifth and final period of rapid growth from 2005 to the present day follows the election of Ellen Sirleaf Johnson, and the political stability she brought to the country, which allowed growth to return to the country. However, structural transformation remains elusive due to continued corruption, fragility, and reliance on personal relationships to keep the ruling coalition in power.
Electrical Power Generation: Renewables—Solar and Wind
Authors: Rez Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Solar and wind power have low power densities. Large areas will be required to generate the electrical energy that we are using right now. These energy sources are intermittent, although sunshine is reasonably predictable in desert climates. Even in these ideal locations, fixed rooftop PV can only be used to meet a relatively small proportion of total electrical demand. Solar thermal with molten salt storage has a higher efficiency, and can better match electrical demands in these places. For wind turbines to generate their advertised or rated power, winds have to be blowing at about 12 m/sec (20 kt or 24 mph). In the United States, except in mountain passes and the Texas panhandle, this does not appear to happen very often. A simple test of whether a given renewable energy source is practical is to check whether it can meet the electrical demands of a single house.