bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a regional ocean–atmosphere‐wave coupled model and its preliminary evaluation over the CORDEX East Asia domain
Authors: Zou Liwei , Zhou Tianjun , Qiao Fangli , Zhao Wei 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, a regional ocean–atmosphere‐wave coupled model was developed using the Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil (OASIS) version 3 coupler and applied to the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) Phase 1 East Asia domain. The impacts of the non‐breaking surface wave‐induced mixing Bv on the model performance were investigated. The inclusion of the surface wave model enhanced the vertical mixing in the upper 100 m of the ocean and deepened the simulated ocean mixed layer. The too‐shallow ocean mixed layer in the simulation without surface waves was reduced in some places, e.g. over the Bay of Bengal. The coupling of the surface wave model also reduced the cold biases of the ocean temperature in the lower 30 m of the ocean over the southern Northwest Pacific. Due to the shallower ocean mixed layer depth in summer, the effects of Bv were stronger in summer than in winter. For the monsoon simulation, the wave‐coupled simulation favoured an enhanced East Asian summer monsoon due to the colder simulated sea surface temperature (SST) over the Northwest Pacific, whereas in winter, the warmer simulated SST over the area north of 40°N led to a slightly stronger winter monsoon over Far East Asia than did the no wave simulation.
Cover Image, Volume 97, Issue 7
Authors: Zhou Haiyan , Yong Jie , Gao Han , Li Tong , Xiao Hongshi , Wu Yongyao 
Published: April 2017

The cover image, by Haiyan Zhou et al, is based on the Research Article Mannanase Man23 mutant library construction based on a novel cell‐free protein expression system, DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8029.
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Biological activities of undescribed North American lichen species
Authors: Yeash Erik A , Letwin Lyndon , Malek Lada , Suntres Zacharias , Knudsen Kerry , Christopher Lew P 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDLichens provide a large array of compounds with the potential for pharmaceutical development. In the present study, extracts from three previously undescribed North American lichen species were examined for antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities.RESULTSThe results from this study demonstrated the following: (i) Acarospora socialis ethanol extract exhibited significant DPPH antioxidant scavenging activities, which were concentration dependent; (ii) acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Xanthoparmelia mexicana inhibited Gram‐positive bacteria but had no effect on Gram‐negative bacteria; X. mexicana acetone extract yielded a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20.9 µg mL−1 against Staphylococcus aureus, and 41.9 µg mL−1 against Enterococcus faecalis; (iii) acetone extract of Lobothallia alphoplaca inhibited growth of cultured breast cancer MCF‐7 cells with an effective concentration (EC50) of 87 µg mL−1 ; the MCF‐7 cell cycle appears arrested in the G2 phase, whereas the DNA synthesis cell cycle (S) may be inhibited.CONCLUSIONNew lichen species that possess strong biological activities have been identified. These lichens comprise secondary metabolites that possess antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence on wine biogenic amine composition of modifications to soil N availability and grapevine N by cover crops
Authors: Pérez‐Álvarez Eva P , Garde‐Cerdán Teresa , Cabrita Maria João , García‐Escudero Enrique , Peregrina Fernando 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDVineyard soil management can modify the nitrogen soil availability and, therefore, grape amino acid content. These compounds are precursors of biogenic amines, which have negative effects on wine quality and human health. The objective was to study whether the effect of conventional tillage and two cover crops (barley and clover) on grapevine nitrogen status could be related to wine biogenic amines. Over 4 years, soil NO3−‐N, nitrogen content in leaf and wine biogenic amine concentration were determined.RESULTSBarley reduced soil NO3−‐N availability and clover increased it. In 2011, at bloom, nitrogen content decreased with barley treatment in both blade and petiole. In 2012, nitrogen content in both leaf tissues at bloom was greater with clover than with tillage and barley treatments. Also, total biogenic amines decreased in barley with respect to tillage and clover treatments. There were correlations between some individual and total biogenic amine concentrations with respect to nitrogen content in leaf tissues.CONCLUSIONWine biogenic amine concentration can be affected by the grapevine nitrogen status, provoked by changes in the soil NO3−‐N availability with both cover crop treatments. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Surfactant‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with field‐amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of mexiletine and lidocaine
Authors: Yeh Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Wen‐Chi , Chang Sarah Y. 
Published: April 2017

A sensitive method for the determination of mexiletine and lidocaine using surfactant‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis was developed. Triton X‐100 and dichloromethane were used as the dispersive agent and extraction solvent, respectively. After the extraction, mexiletine and lidocaine were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection. The detection sensitivity was further enhanced through the use of field‐amplified sample stacking. Under optimal extraction and stacking conditions, the calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 0.05–1.00 μM for mexiletine and 0.03–1.00 μM for lidocaine. The limits of detection (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3) were 0.01 and 0.01 μM for mexiletine and lidocaine, respectively. An approximately 1141‐ to 1250‐fold improvement in sensitivity was observed for the two analytes compared with the injection of a standard solution without the surfactant‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and field‐amplified sample stacking procedures. This developed method was successfully applied to the determination of mexiletine and lidocaine in human urine and serum samples. Both precision and accuracy for urine and serum samples were less than 8.7 and 6.7%, respectively. The recoveries of the two analytes from urine and serum samples were 54.7–64.9% and 16.1–56.5%, respectively.
One‐pot preparation of mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths by the thiol‐ene click reaction for mixed‐mode capillary liquid chromatography
Authors: Wang Haojiang , Hu Wenli , Zheng Qiong , Bian Wei , Lin Zian 
Published: April 2017

A novel mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolithic column was prepared for capillary liquid chromatography, in which the thiol‐end mercaptotetrazole was mixed with hydrolyzed γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethyloxysilane for the co‐polycondensation and thiol‐ene click reaction in a one‐pot process. The effects of the molar ratio of silanes, the amount of mercaptotetrazole, and the volume of porogen on the morphology, permeability and pore properties of the as‐prepared mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths were investigated in detail. A series of test compounds including alkylbenzenes, amides and anilines were employed for evaluating the retention behaviors of the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolithic columns. The results demonstrated that the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths exhibited hydrophobic, hydrophilic as well as ion‐exchange interaction. The run‐to‐run, column‐to‐column and batch‐to‐batch reproducibilities of the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths were satisfactory with the relative standard deviations less than 1.4 (n = 5), 3.9 (n = 3) and 4.0% (n = 5), respectively. In addition, the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolith was further applied to the separation of sulfonamides, nucleobases and protein tryptic digests. These successful applications confirmed the promising potential of the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolith in the separation of complex samples.
Effects of Clear Polymer Film on Emergence and Survival of Direct Sown Native Vegetation
Authors: Pinkard Elizabeth A. , Lisson Shaun , Bailey Tanya , Davidson Neil , Worledge Dale , Potts Brad M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractClear, degradable polymer films are used with agricultural crops to alter the germination and growing environment and extend the length of the growing season. The film acts like a greenhouse, elevating temperatures and improving soil water. We examined the potential of polymer film to improve emergence and persistence of direct‐seeded native vegetation. A seed mix comprising three tree species and two shrubs was sown in early August 2015, with and without polymer film. The effect of duration of polymer film (from 0–10 weeks) on emergence and persistence was tested, and the effects of polymer film on temperature and soil moisture were monitored. Our hypothesis that polymer film would improve emergence was partially supported, with between 6 and 10 weeks of polymer film coverage increasing emergence of small‐seeded species above the level of the Control. The polymer film increased temperatures by an average of 5 °C and volumetric water content by up to 10%, compared with ambient conditions, and reduced fluctuations in soil moisture, which may have contributed to the increased emergence observed. Emergence was low across all treatments (range 0·2–47%). Our hypothesis that polymer film would improve persistence was not supported, with seedling numbers declining rapidly following removal of the polymer film and no differences between treatments in percentage persistence by the end of the experiment. We concluded that polymer film is a potentially useful tool for improving emergence of smaller‐seeded species in direct seeding for land restoration, although provided no benefit for emergence of the larger‐seeded species. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thaumarchaeal ecotype distributions across the equatorial Pacific Ocean and their potential roles in nitrification and sinking flux attenuation
Authors: Santoro Alyson E. , Saito Mak A. , Goepfert Tyler J. , Lamborg Carl H. , Dupont Chris L. , DiTullio Giacomo R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThaumarchaea are among the most abundant microbial groups in the ocean, but controls on their abundance and the distribution and metabolic potential of different subpopulations are poorly constrained. Here, two ecotypes of ammonia‐oxidizing thaumarchaea were quantified using ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes across the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The shallow, or water column “A” (WCA), ecotype was the most abundant ecotype at the depths of maximum nitrification rates, and its abundance correlated with other biogeochemical indicators of remineralization such as NO3 : Si and total Hg. Metagenomes contained thaumarchaeal genes encoding for the catalytic subunit of the urease enzyme (ureC) at all depths, suggesting that members of both WCA and the deep, water column “B” (WCB) ecotypes may contain ureC. Coupled urea hydrolysis‐ammonia oxidation rates were similar to ammonia oxidation rates alone, suggesting that urea could be an important source of ammonia for mesopelagic ammonia oxidizers. Potential inducement of metal limitation of both ammonia oxidation and urea hydrolysis was demonstrated via additions of a strong metal chelator. The water column inventory of WCA was correlated with the depth‐integrated abundance of WCB, with both likely controlled by the flux of sinking particulate organic matter, providing strong evidence of vertical connectivity between the ecotypes. Further, depth‐integrated amoA gene abundance and nitrification rates were correlated with particulate organic nitrogen flux measured by contemporaneously deployed sediment traps. Together, the results refine our understanding of the controls on thaumarchaeal distributions in the ocean, and provide new insights on the relationship between material flux and microbial communities in the mesopelagic.
Organic enrichment simplifies marine benthic food web structure
Authors: Nordström Marie C. , Bonsdorff Erik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFood web structure is a key determinant for community functioning and stability. Still, the architecture of trophic interactions is often ignored in assessments of stressor‐ or disturbance‐induced changes in ecological communities. We established anthropogenic structuring of trophic networks by revisiting the Pearson‐Rosenberg paradigm on changing benthic communities along gradients of organic enrichment. Using monitoring data from two sites with point‐source organic loading, acknowledging associated changes in, e.g., water chemistry, we studied network topology of soft‐sediment macroinvertebrate communities. We found that organic enrichment led to a progressive simplification of food web structure. The simplification manifested both horizontally and vertically in the web, and networks at impacted sites consisted of fewer nodes, fewer links, and had lower linkage density than more pristine communities. Contrary to our expectation, organic enrichment did not change the directed connectance of the networks, nor affect proportions of top‐level species and carnivorous taxa in the assemblages. There were, however, changes in the proportions of basal‐level and intermediate‐level nodes, which together with decreasing mean trophic height further reveal a disintegration of the trophic network. We suggest the Pearson‐Rosenberg model is expanded to include a progressive simplification of benthic food webs. Adding a dimension of interactions (in this case feeding links) to existing biodiversity assessments enhances our understanding of the consequences of environmental degradation.
d‐Fructose‐Decorated Poly(ethylene imine) for Human Breast Cancer Cell Targeting
Authors: Englert Christoph , Pröhl Michael , Czaplewska Justyna A. , Fritzsche Carolin , Preußger Elisabeth , Schubert Ulrich S. , Traeger Anja , Gottschaldt Michael 
Published: April 2017

The high affinity of GLUT5 transporter for d‐fructose in breast cancer cells has been discussed intensely. In this contribution, high molar mass linear poly(ethylene imine) (LPEI) is functionalized with d‐fructose moieties to combine the selectivity for the GLUT5 transporter with the delivery potential of PEI for genetic material. The four‐step synthesis of a thiol‐group bearing d‐fructose enables the decoration of a cationic polymer backbone with d‐fructose via thiol‐ene photoaddition. The functionalization of LPEI is confirmed by 2D NMR techniques, elemental analysis, and size exclusion chromatography. Importantly, a d‐fructose decoration of 16% renders the polymers water‐soluble and eliminates the cytotoxicity of PEI in noncancer L929 cells, accompanied by a reduced unspecific cellular uptake of the genetic material. In contrast, the cytotoxicity as well as the cell specific uptake is increased for triple negative MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. Therefore, the introduction of d‐fructose shows superior potential for cell targeting, which can be assumed to be GLUT5 dependent.
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Innovative Methods and Applications in Mucoadhesion Research
Authors: Mackie Alan R. , Goycoolea Francisco M. , Menchicchi Bianca , Caramella Carla Marcella , Saporito Francesca , Lee Seunghwan , Stephansen Karen , Chronakis Ioannis S. , Hiorth Marianne , Adamczak Malgorzata , Waldner Max , Nielsen Hanne Mørck , Marcelloni Luciano 
Published: April 2017

The present review is aimed at elucidating relatively new aspects of mucoadhesion/mucus interaction and related phenomena that emerged from a Mucoadhesion workshop held in Munster on 2–3 September 2015 as a satellite event of the ICCC 13th—EUCHIS 12th. After a brief outline of the new issues, the focus is on mucus description, purification, and mucus/mucin characterization, all steps that are pivotal to the understanding of mucus related phenomena and the choice of the correct mucosal model for in vitro and ex vivo experiments, alternative bio/mucomimetic materials are also presented. Then a selection of preparative techniques and testing methods are described (at molecular as well as micro and macroscale) that may support the pharmaceutical development of mucus interactive systems and assist formulators in the scale‐up and industrialization steps. Recent applications of mucoadhesive systems (including medical devices) intended for different routes of administration (oral, gastrointestinal, vaginal, nasal, ocular, and intravesical) and for the treatment of difficult to treat pathologies or the alleviation of symptoms are described.
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Design of Poly‐l‐Glutamate‐Based Complexes for pDNA Delivery
Authors: Niño‐Pariente Amaya , Armiñán Ana , Reinhard Sören , Scholz Claudia , Wagner Ernst , Vicent María J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDue to the polyanionic nature of DNA, typically cationic or neutral delivery vehicles have been used for gene delivery. As a new approach, this study focuses on the design, development, and validation of nonviral polypeptide‐based carriers for oligonucleotide delivery based on a negatively charged poly‐l‐glutamic acid (PGA) backbone partly derivatized with oligoaminoamide residues. To this end, PGA‐derivatives modified with different pentameric succinyl tetraethylene pentamines (Stp5) are designed. Optionally, histidines for modulation of endosomal buffer capacity and cysteines for pDNA complex stabilization are included, followed by characterization of biophysical properties and gene transfer efficiency in N2a neuroblastoma or 4T1 breast cancer cells.
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Doxorubicin Loaded Chitosan–W18O49 Hybrid Nanoparticles for Combined Photothermal–Chemotherapy
Authors: Yuan Shanmei , Hua Jisong , Zhou Yinyin , Ding Yin , Hu Yong 
Published: April 2017

Combined treatment is more effective than single treatment against most forms of cancer. In this work, doxorubicin loaded chitosan–W18O49 nanoparticles combined with the photothermal therapy and chemotherapy are fabricated through the electrostatic interaction between positively charged chitosan and negatively charged W18O49 nanoparticles. The in vitro and in vivo behaviors of these nanoparticles are examined by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, cytotoxicity, near‐infrared fluorescence imaging, and tumor growth inhibition experiment. These nanoparticles have a mean size around 110 nm and show a pH sensitive drug release behavior. After irradiation by the 980 nm laser, these nanoparticles show more pronounced cytotoxicity against HeLa cells than that of free doxorubicin or photothermal therapy alone. The in vivo experiments confirm that their antitumor ability is significantly improved, resulting in superior efficiency in impeding tumor growth and extension of the lifetime of mice.
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Pre‐Oxidized Acrylic Fiber Reinforced Ferric Sulfophenyl Phosphate‐Doped Polybenzimidazole‐Based High‐Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane
Authors: Sun Peng , Li Zhongfang , Jin Lei , Yang Yangong , Wang Suwen , Yin Xiaoyan , Wang Yuxin 
Published: April 2017

Pre‐oxidized acrylic fiber (POAF) and ferric sulfophenyl phosphate (FeSPP) are incorporated into polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane for the first time to prepare high‐temperature proton exchange membranes (PEMs). The strong hydrogen bonds formed between PBI/POAF and FeSPP lead to good dispersion of POAF and FeSPP, facilitate the construction of proton channels, and enhance the dimensional and mechanical stability of the membranes. PBI/FeSPP (30 wt%) shows good proton conductivity (5.43 × 10−2 and 4.13 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 180 °C at 50% and 0 relative humidity (RH), respectively) and improved dimensional and mechanical stability compared with pristine PBI. By incorporating 5 wt% POAF into PBI/FeSPP (30 wt%), the swelling ratios are halved and the mechanical strength is enhanced by almost 30% while the proton conductivity is slightly affected (3.84 × 10−2 and 2.97 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 180 °C at 50% and 0 RH for PBI/FeSPP (30 wt%)/POAF (5 wt%), respectively). This work offers a new route in the preparation of high‐temperature PEMs with enhanced properties.
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A randomized trial of a low‐dose Rasagiline and Pramipexole combination (P2B001) in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Olanow C. Warren , Kieburtz Karl , Leinonen Mika , Elmer Lawrence , Giladi Nir , Hauser Robert A. , Klepiskaya Olga S. , Kreitzman David L. , Lew Mark F. , Russell David S. , Kadosh Shaul , Litman Pninit , Friedman Hadas , Linvah Nurit , the P2B Study Group for 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundRasagiline and pramipexole act to improve striatal dopaminergic transmission in PD via distinct and potentially synergistic mechanisms. We performed a placebo‐controlled study to determine whether 2 doses of a novel slow‐release, low‐dose combination of rasagiline and pramipexole (P2B001) are effective and have a good safety profile in patients with early untreated PD.MethodsPreviously untreated patients with early PD were randomized (1:1:1) to once‐daily treatment with P2B001 (0.3 mg pramipexole/0.75 mg rasagiline), P2B001 (0.6 mg pramipexole/0.75 mg rasagiline) or placebo in a 12‐week multicenter double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to final visit in Total‐UPDRS score versus placebo. Secondary measures included responder analyses of patients achieving ≥4 UPDRS point reduction, and changes in Parkinson Disease Quality of Life Scale–39 and UPDRS activities of daily living and motor scores.ResultsA total of 149 participants were randomized and 136 (91.3%) completed the study. Adjusted mean change from baseline to final visit versus placebo in Total‐UPDRS score was −4.67 ± 1.28 points for the P2B001 0.6/0.75 mg group (P = .0004) and −3.84 ± 1.25 points for the 0.3/0.75 mg group (P = .003). Significant benefits were also observed for both doses in the responder analysis (P = .0002 and P = .0001), Parkinson Disease Quality of Life Scale–39 scores (P = .05 and P = .01), and the UPDRS motor (P = .02 and P = .006) and activities of daily living (P = .005 and P = .0004) subscores. Adverse events of P2B001 were comparable to placebo apart from transient nausea and somnolence, which were more common with P2B001 treatment.ConclusionsP2B001 offers a promising treatment option for patients with early PD with good clinical efficacy and a low risk of adverse events. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society