bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of crystalline poly(L‐lactic acid)/silica nanocomposite films with high ductility and gas barrier properties
Authors: Jiang Wei , Yun Xueyan , Guo Jiushi , Hu Jian , Song Lijun , Pan Pengju , Dong Tungalag 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIncorporating inorganic particles is a common approach to preparing polymeric materials with desirable physical properties and processability. However, this often results in increased brittleness, necessitating methods to improve melt strength and toughness. In this study, in situ polymerization was employed to functionalize silica nanoparticles with the silane coupling agent (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as a core. A flexible chain segment, poly(butylene itaconate) (PBI), was then introduced as a “rubbery” intermediate layer, resulting in a core‐shell structure of poly(L‐lactic‐co‐butanediol itaconate) nano‐silica copolymer films (PLBISiO2) with both branched and “rubbery” structures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) confirmed the formation of macromolecular chains, with the molecular weight (Mn) of PLBI increasing from 59,638 to 74,306 g/mol. This significant increase supports the “rubbery” core‐shell structure. When 0.5% SiO2 was added, the T5% of the film increased by 40°C, significantly improving thermal stability. Additionally, the elongation at break increased to 265.7%, while retaining the original tensile strength. Dynamic rheology experiments further confirmed the generation of branched or “rubbery” core‐shell structures, and a doubling of gas barrier properties was observed with increased silica nanoparticles, suggesting potential applications in food packaging or biopharmaceuticals.Highlights
Nanocomposites with core‐shell structure and improved mechanical properties.
Dynamic rheology experiments confirmed the formation of the core‐shell structure.
Significantly improved gas barrier properties due to core‐shell structure.
The influence of the distribution angle of graphene oxide on the mechanical properties and non‐reciprocity of composites
Authors: Xia Zhangwei , Guo Zhangxin , Chen Qi , Niu Weijing , Liang Jianguo , Chai Gin Boay , Wu Wenyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of the distribution angle of graphene oxide (GO) on the mechanical properties and non‐reciprocity of composite materials. The results of uniaxial tensile tests indicated that the mechanical properties of the composites are optimal when the distribution angles of GO are at 30° and 45°. The 30° model has an elastic modulus of 5.79 MPa, which is higher compared to the other models. The 80° model, however, has much lower mechanical properties, with a modulus of 1.42 MPa lower than the 30° model. Similarly, the 50° model also exhibits poorer mechanical properties with an elastic modulus of 4.42 MPa. Additionally, the 50° model is 24% lower than the 45° model. Through simulations of shearing in different directions and with different strain rates, it was found that the sensitivity of different GO distribution angles to strain rates varies. When the distribution angle is at 45°, the mechanical non‐reciprocity of the composite material is more pronounced.Highlights
Explored the mechanical properties of GO/PA66 composites at the molecular level.
Revealed the microscopic mechanism of interaction between GO and PA66.
The effect of GO distribution angle on uniaxial tensile properties was studied.
Studied the mechanism of the effect of GO distribution angle on non‐reciprocity.
Two‐stage annealing method for short carbon fiber‐reinforced nylon 6 in fused filament fabrication
Authors: Liu Bin , Xin Bo , Zhu Wenfu , Zhang Bo , Pang Yijian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties of short carbon fiber‐reinforced nylon 6 (CF‐PA6) components formed by fused filament fabrication (FFF) are significantly affected by the process parameters of additive manufacturing and heat treatment. In this study, the effects of printing speed, carbon fiber aspect ratio, and annealing temperature on fiber orientation were investigated by observation of single‐layer‐single‐fiber samples. Furthermore, a two‐stage annealing process was proposed to increase the tensile modulus of CF‐PA6 based on the correlation analysis results between the degree of fiber alignment and the variation of tensile modulus. According to the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient, the tensile modulus was highly correlated with the degree of fiber alignment under different printing speeds and fiber aspect ratios. The variation in tensile modulus and fiber orientation was also consistent when the annealing temperature was lower than the crystallization temperature. Conversely, the variation of tensile modulus and fiber orientation were opposite, as the annealing temperature was higher than the crystallization temperature because of the influence of crystallinity. Through increasing the degree of fiber alignment and crystallinity of the parts, the proposed two‐stage annealing method could increase the tensile modulus of the parts to 9.0 GPa, which was 16.81% higher than that of single‐temperature annealing.Highlights
The effects of annealing temperature, carbon fiber aspect ratio and printing speed on fiber orientation were illustrated.
The relationship between the degree of fiber alignment and the variation of tensile modulus was established.
The proposed two‐stage annealing method, considering fiber orientation and crystallinity, significantly increased the tensile modulus of CF270‐PA6 parts from 7.7 to 9.0 GPa.
The quantitative analysis of the fiber orientation is realized by the statistical analysis of the plane fiber orientation angle of the single‐layer‐single‐fiber sample.
Effect of iron‐containing fillers on heat release kinetics and strength properties of polyester resin
Authors: Savotchenko Sergey , Kovaleva Ekaterina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe influence of filling by iron‐containing fillers on the heat release kinetics and mechanical properties of industrial unsaturated polyester resin PN‐1 is investigated experimentally. The iron ore concentrate, electrostatic precipitator dust, high alumina cement grade HAC‐1, shavings made of cast iron, fine grade sand are used as fillers. To improve the strength characteristics of polyester resin composites the small amount (0.2–1.0 wt%) of organosilicon additives such as synthetic silicone rubber, tris(trimethylsiloxy) phenylsilane, octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane are used. The heat release kinetics is studied for different ratios between accelerator (cobalt naphthenate) and initiator (cyclohexanone peroxide). The time to reach the maximum temperature of the heat release is significantly reduced when a large amount of iron ore concentrate is used as filler. The temperature of maximum heat release decreases and the time to reach it increases when adding electrostatic precipitator dust in small amount of 5 wt% to the high filled by iron ore concentrate (295 wt%) composite system. The optimum in strength indicators associated with the ratio of different fractions in systems consisting of two fillers of different properties and granulometric composition is found. The highest values of compressive strength in the cement–iron ore concentrate and sand–iron ore concentrate systems are observed. An increase in the strength characteristics of composites by 15%–20% with organosilicon additive introduction is observed. The addition of the silicone rubber increases the strength properties of samples the most among all additives considered.Highlights
Effect of filling by iron‐containing fillers on the heat release kinetics and mechanical properties of polyester resin is found.
The time to reach the maximum temperature of the heat release is significantly reduced when the resin is filled by a large amount of iron ore concentrate.
The temperature of maximum heat release decreases when the electrostatic precipitator dust in small amount is added to the high filled by iron ore concentrate.
An increase in the strength characteristics of composites by 15–20% with introduction of organosilicon additives is observed.
Fluorinated boron nitride nanosheets for high thermal conductivity and low dielectric constant silicone rubber composites
Authors: Pan Zihao , Li Qing , Hu Dechao , Ma Wenshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIncreasing miniaturization and integration of microelectronic devices have led to an unprecedented attention on heat dissipation and signal transmission of electronic equipment. However, the mostly used method to enhance the thermal conductivity of polymers by adding thermally conductive fillers usually results in the increase of dielectric constant (Dk). It was still challenging to synergistically achieve low Dk and high thermal conductivity of polymer‐matrix composites. Herein, hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS‐OH) with a high yield of 35.67% was prepared by the liquid ultrasonic exfoliation under the assistance of sodium cholate (SC), and grafted with (1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyl) trimethoxy silane to prepare fluorinated boron nitride nanosheets (F‐BNNS), which can uniformly disperse in liquid silicone rubber (LSR) and reduce the Dk of LSR composites. The thermal conductivity of LSR composites with 20 wt% F‐BNNS reached 0.489 W·m−1·K−1, showing an increase of 307.35% in comparison with pure LSR (0.12 W·m−1·K−1). Meantime, the Dk of as‐obtained LSR/F‐BNNS (20 wt%) composites is reduced from 3.4 to 2.6, and the dielectric loss (Df) is less than 0.012. The facile and rational design of fluorinated BNNS offers a new insight for the high‐end electronic packaging materials.Highlights
A new method of exfoliation and fluorinated treatment of h‐BN was proposed.
The LSR composites achieved an ultralow Dk of 2.63 via fluorinated BNNS.
Thermal conductivity of LSR composites increased by 307.35% than pure LSR.
Effect of novel aluminium titanate on mechanical, thermal and ablation performance behavior of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composites
Authors: Basingala Praveen Kumar , Neigapula Venkata Swamy Naidu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThermal Protection Systems (TPS) protect re‐entry space vehicles from the harsh heating they encounter when hypersonically flying through a planet or the earth's atmosphere. Carbon fiber‐reinforced phenolic resin composites were widely used for the thermal barrier structure of aerospace re‐entry vehicles. A Novel Aluminium Titanate (Al2TiO5/AT) micro powder‐modified Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based Carbon Fiber Fabric‐Resorcinol Phenol Formaldehyde Resin (C‐PR) (AT‐C‐PR) composites are well prepared to meet the requirements of TPS. The AT may act as an insulating layer and anti‐ablative material due to its excellent thermal shock resistance in TPS. To understand the effectiveness of AT content on density, barcol hardness, interfacial interactions, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability, the C‐PR composites were produced with and without loading of AT with various weight percentages, namely 0 wt% (C‐PR), 1,3, and 5 wt% (AT‐C‐PR) by hot compression molding method. The microstructural and elemental change of the composites were analyzed by microscopic and spectroscopic studies. Results suggested that the Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS) of the composites was increased by about 14% at 1 wt% of AT loading. Mass, Linear Ablation Rates (MAR, LAR), and back‐face temperature of C‐PR and AT‐C‐PR composites were decreased to 0.15128 g/s, 0.01233 mm/s, and 405°C, respectively by loading of AT up to 1 wt%. The thermally ablated composites were also evaluated for their crystallographic phase changes. The work provided an effective way to improve the thermo‐mechanical and ablation performance characteristics of the AT‐C‐PR composites that can be potentially used in TPS of re‐entry vehicles.Highlights
This investigation utilized innovative Al2TiO5/Aluminium Titanate (AT) ceramic powder as a filler in reinforcing Phenolic Resin (PR) with PAN‐based Carbon Fiber (C). It examined the impact of various loadings of AT in C‐PR composites (AT‐C‐PR) on their physical, mechanical, thermal, and anti‐ablation properties.
The AT‐C‐PR composites exhibit reduced density, lower thermal conductivity, and enhanced ILSS (31 MPa) compared to the C‐PR composites.
Optimal ablation resistance and thermal stability were achieved with a loading of 1 wt% AT (Mass Ablation Rate: 0.15128 g/s and Linear Ablation Rate: 0.01233 mm/s) compared to the C‐PR composites.
Microstructural and elemental analysis of the composites were conducted using microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, revealing the presence of oxides and carbides on the ablated surface.
The phase transition and alterations in microstructure, coupled with the oxidation of AT, have enhanced the ablation resistance and reduced the back face temperature of different weight percentages of AT‐C‐PR composites, such as 1 wt% AT (413°C), compared to the C‐PR composites (704°C).
Older Adult Self‐Harm: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Waykar Vijayendra , Esiwe Collins , Asghar Zahid , Gussy Mark 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSelf‐harm is a public health problem and is associated with higher suicidal intent and greater suicidal risk in older adults. This retrospective cross‐sectional study examines psychosocial characteristics, service provision and outcomes in patients attending a mental health liaison service (MHLS) with self‐harm attempt in Lincolnshire. The authors also investigate demographic, psychiatric and clinical factors related to self‐harm and discharge destination.
Nasogastric Tube Feeding in Dementia: An Ethical Consideration
Authors: Rodrigues Leslie , Hein Su Mon , Benjamin Benson 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAs dementia advances, it can present with a challenge to those individuals who require aid with feeding. Assessing the efficacy of nasogastric (NG) feeding on improving survival outcomes can be challenging and there is a lack of studies in clinical research. This article aims to highlight the ethical considerations and challenges in NG feeding in patients with dementia.
Conditionally Discharged Restricted Patients in a General Adult Community Mental Health Setting
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Kelbrick Marlene , Halim Zakaria , Adesola Adekunle , Nkire Joel , Ansari Saba , Paduret Gabriela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLittle is known about the proportion and patient profile of conditionally discharged patients supervised by general adult community mental health teams (CMHTs). In this study, the authors evaluate the number of patients and their demographic, clinical and risk profile, and current practice in terms of supervision and structures. Supervision in the community is time‐ and resource‐intensive. There is a need for NHS Trusts to ensure adequate support and structures, supervision, training and joint working opportunity with forensic services to ensure safe quality care.
Appraising the causal effects of circulating micronutrients on liver cirrhosis: Evidence from large‐scale Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Lin Junlong , Chen Jialin , Li Zhichao , Qian Baifeng , Hua Yunpeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsObservational research has identified links between micronutrient levels and chronic liver disease. However, the lack of randomized controlled experiments has impeded the ability to establish a cause‐and‐effect connection regarding micronutrients and cirrhosis of the liver. This Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis aimed to examine the causal impact of micronutrients on liver cirrhosis.MethodsWe selected genetic instrumental variables related to 12 micronutrients from genome‐wide studies on individuals of European descent, covering an array of over 9,851,867 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 460,351 participants. Data from patients with cirrhosis in the FinnGen database (https://www.finngen.fi/fi) were used. A two‐sample MR approach was employed to establish genetically causal estimates. Primary analyses used random effects and inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods, with additional sensitivity analyses for validation. MR–Egger intercept analysis and Cochran's Q test assessed horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Furthermore, multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was conducted to address potential confounding variables.ResultsIVW and weighted median methods showed that most micronutrients included were not significantly associated with a genetic susceptibility to liver cirrhosis. However, MR analysis demonstrated a significant association between circulating vitamin D levels and a reduced risk of liver cirrhosis (odds ratio IVW = 0.53, p < 0.010). The MR–Egger intercept showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (p = 0.178), whereas Cochran's Q test found no heterogeneity (p = 0.799). Furthermore, MVMR analysis confirmed vitamin D was identified as a factor that independently mitigates the risk of liver cirrhosis.ConclusionThis research constitutes the most comprehensive MR investigation in this field, providing evidence supporting a protective link between circulating vitamin D levels and cirrhosis incidence. It suggests that maintaining sufficient vitamin D could be a cost‐effective strategy for early intervention in liver cirrhosis.
Characterisation of the Rigid Body Vibration Spectra of Road Transport Vehicles
Authors: Lamb Matthew J. , Rouillard Vincent 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFor decades, numerous attempts at re‐creating realistic (vertical) vibrations that purport to represent typical conditions during road transport have been proposed and published. This has and continues to result in a significant number of target power density spectra (PDS) for use in laboratory simulation of vibrations despite the fact that the underlying parameters that influence the vibrations (road surface unevenness and vehicle dynamics) remain largely unchanged. This paper seeks to address this situation by analysing published and measured PDS (129 in total) from a variety of vehicles and road types with the aim of establishing typical PDS. Through the analysis of the frequency of the first natural mode of these PDS, it was found that there exist five typical response PDS (three for steel leaf suspension and two for air ride suspension) that can be considered as representative vibration response PDS for road transport in general. These representative PDS were matched with a two degree‐of‐freedom quarter‐car model representing the heave response of the rigid body motion of the vehicles. The analysis suggests that the higher frequency content of the measured data is not related to rigid body motion but emanates from drivetrain and, in some cases, structural vibrations. These usually comprise numerous harmonics of fixed and varying frequencies as well as transients. As these vibrations are impossible to classify based on vehicle type, it is recommended that the five quarter‐car representative spectral models proposed in this paper—namely, for steel leaf spring suspended vehicles with heavy, moderate and light loads and air ride type vehicles with heavy and light loads—be used for laboratory simulation for the purpose of evaluating the vibration resistance of products and packaged systems. It is suggested that, for most packaged product, this is sufficient to test their ability to survive road transport vibrations. These will yield more realistic vibrations than those endorsed by standards organisations and should have a positive impact on the optimisation of packaging designs and a corresponding reduction in packaging waste. Finally, the need for further work aimed at developing methods to identify and extract fixed and varying discrete frequency vibration as well as transient vibrations was identified.
Fully‐Optimized Quantum Metrology: Framework, Tools, and Applications
Authors: Liu Qiushi , Hu Zihao , Yuan Haidong , Yang Yuxiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis tutorial introduces a systematic approach for addressing the key question of quantum metrology: For a generic task of sensing an unknown parameter, what is the ultimate precision given a constrained set of admissible strategies. The approach outputs the maximal attainable precision (in terms of the maximum of quantum Fisher information) as a semidefinite program and optimal strategies as feasible solutions thereof. Remarkably, the approach can identify the optimal precision for different sets of strategies, including parallel, sequential, quantum SWITCH‐enhanced, causally superposed, and generic indefinite‐causal‐order strategies. The tutorial consists of a pedagogic introduction to the background and mathematical tools of optimal quantum metrology, a detailed derivation of the main approach, and various concrete examples. As shown in the tutorial, applications of the approach include, but are not limited to, strict hierarchy of strategies in noisy quantum metrology, memory effect in non‐Markovian metrology, and designing optimal strategies. Compared with traditional approaches, the approach here yields the exact value of the optimal precision, offering more accurate criteria for experiments and practical applications. It also allows for the comparison between conventional strategies and the recently discovered causally‐indefinite strategies, serving as a powerful tool for exploring this new area of quantum metrology.
High‐Dimensional Photonic Quantum Computing with a Measurement‐Free Auxiliary System
Authors: Ren Xue‐Mei , Du Fang‐Fang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnhancing the capabilities of quantum computing relies heavily on harnessing the power of qudit‐based high‐dimensional quantum gates. In the study, single‐qudit 4D , , and gates tailored for a two‐photon system in polarization states are presented. Furthermore, a two‐qudit ‐dimensional controlled‐not (CNOT) gate designed for a four‐photon system is introduced. These high‐dimensional gates can offer versatile and straightforward optical implementations, ensuring them to fulfill in a deterministic way. To facilitate these processes, an auxiliary system in the form of a ‐type atom residing in a cavity is employed. Remarkably, the auxiliary system retains its original state after the operation process ends, so it is not required to measure and plays a pivotal role in promoting effective interactions among distinct photons in its extended coherence time. Importantly, the in‐depth analysis of the fidelities and efficiencies of these quantum gates showcase remarkable outcomes, affirming the superiority of the proposed protocols. Therefore, these high‐dimensional gates not only amplify quantum parallelism, but also bolster the speed of quantum computations, fortify resilience against errors, and foster scalability for executing intricate quantum operations.