bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intact blood−brain barrier during spontaneous attacks of migraine without aura: a 3T DCE‐MRI study
Authors: Amin F. M. , Hougaard A. , Cramer S. P. , Christensen C. E. , Wolfram F. , Larsson H. B. W. , Ashina M. 
Published: July 2017

Background and purposeThe integrity of the blood−brain barrier (BBB) has been questioned in migraine, but BBB permeability has never been investigated during spontaneous migraine attacks. In the present study, BBB permeability during spontaneous attacks of migraine without aura was investigated compared to an interictal state.MethodsSeventy‐four patients suffering from migraine without aura were recruited to participate in this cross‐sectional dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) study. The patients were instructed to report at the hospital for DCE‐MRI scan during and outside of a spontaneous migraine attack. The primary end‐point was a difference in the BBB permeability (ml/100 g/min) between the attack and the headache‐free days. The permeability was assessed in five different regions of interest (ROIs) located in the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral area, brain stem, posterior pons and whole brain. The paired samples t test was used to compare Ki (permeability) values between the attack and headache‐free days.ResultsNineteen patients completed the study. Median time from onset of migraine attack to scan was 6.5 h (range 4.0–15.5 h). No change in the mean BBB permeability (ml/100 g/min) was found between the attack and the headache‐free days in any of the measured ROIs. No relationship between the pain side or intensity and BBB permeability was found in 15 patients with unilateral pain during the examined attack.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that the BBB permeability during spontaneous migraine attacks without aura was unchanged.
Farming and incidence of motor neuron disease: French nationwide study
Authors: Kab S. , Moisan F. , Elbaz A. 
Published: July 2017

Background and purposeThe association of farming with motor neuron disease (MND) is unclear, with conflicting studies. We performed a French nationwide study of the association of farming with MND incidence, and compared findings with those for Parkinson's disease (PD), which has been shown to be more frequent in farmers.MethodsWe used the French national health insurance and hospital discharge databases to identify MND/PD incident cases. The Mutualité Sociale Agricole (MSA) guarantees health insurance for farmers and agricultural workers. We compared the incidence of MND (2010–2014) and PD (2011–2012) in MSA farmers, MSA workers and non‐MSA affiliates, and estimated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used for external smoking adjustment.ResultsAnalyses relied on 8931 MND (MSA, 9%) and 45 409 PD (MSA,11%) cases. There was a trend towards higher MND incidence in MSA farmers compared with non‐MSA affiliates (RR,1.08; 95% CI,0.99–1.18) and MSA workers (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.97–1.31) that strengthened after smoking adjustment (if associated with MND). PD incidence was higher in MSA farmers than non‐MSA affiliates (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08–1.17) and MSA workers (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02–1.18); this association remained after smoking adjustment (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05–1.14).ConclusionsThis French nationwide study suggested an association between farming and MND, and confirmed higher PD incidence in farmers in France, a country with high pesticide use.
Distinguishing in‐hospital and out‐of‐hospital status epilepticus: clinical implications from a 10‐year cohort study
Authors: Sutter R. , Semmlack S. , Spiegel R. , Tisljar K. , Rüegg S. , Marsch S. 
Published: July 2017

Background and purposeThe aim was to determine differences of clinical, treatment and outcome characteristics between patients with in‐hospital and out‐of‐hospital status epilepticus (SE).MethodsFrom 2005 to 2014, clinical data were assessed in adults with SE treated in an academic medical care centre. Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes were compared between patients with in‐hospital and out‐of‐hospital SE.ResultsAmongst 352 patients, 213 were admitted with SE and 139 developed in‐hospital SE. Patients with in‐hospital SE had more acute/fatal aetiologies (60% vs. 35%, P < 0.001), fewer previous seizures (33% vs. 50%, P = 0.002), a higher median Charlson Comorbidity Index (3 vs. 2, P < 0.001), longer median SE duration (1 vs. 0.5 days, P = 0.001), more refractory SE (52% vs. 39%, P = 0.022), less return to functional baseline (38% vs. 54%, P = 0.006) and increased mortality (29% vs. 19%, P = 0.001). Whilst in multivariable analyses an increasing Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS) was an independent predictor for death in both groups, increased Charlson Comorbidity Index and treatment refractory SE were associated with death only in patients with in‐hospital SE. Continuous anaesthesia for refractory SE was associated with increased mortality only in patients with out‐of‐hospital SE. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.717 for prediction of death by STESS in patients with in‐hospital SE and 0.811 in patients with out‐of‐hospital SE.ConclusionsPatients with in‐hospital SE had more fatal aetiologies and comorbidities, refractory SE, less return to functional baseline, and increased mortality compared to patients with out‐of‐hospital SE. Whilst the STESS was a robust predictor for death in both groups, the association between continuous anaesthesia and death was limited to out‐of‐hospital SE.
Potential of telmisartan in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Ishola Ismail Ogunbayode , Anunobi Charles C. , Tijani Kehinde Habeeb , Afolayan Olasunmbo , Udokwu Victoria U. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common health problem in ageing men. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of telmisartan on testosterone‐induced BPH in rats. Fifty‐four male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 6) and orally treated for 28 consecutive days: group 1 – vehicle normal, olive oil (10 mL/kg); group 2 – BPH model control (10 mL/kg); groups 3–5 – telmisartan (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg, respectively); group 6 – pioglitazone (20 mg/kg); group 7 – celecoxib (20 mg/kg); group 8 – combination of telmisartan (5 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (20 mg/kg); group 9 – combination of telmisartan (5 mg/kg) and celecoxib (20 mg/kg). Animals in groups 2–9 were given testosterone propionate in olive oil (3 mg/kg) subcutaneously 15 min after pretreatments. On day 29, blood was collected for the estimation of serum testosterone and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). The prostates were excised, weighed and subjected to biochemical and histological studies. Testosterone injection induced significant increase in prostatic index, serum testosterone and PSA suggesting BPH as well as increased prostate oxidative stress which were ameliorated with the pretreatment of rats with telmisartan or co‐administration of celecoxib and pioglitazone. Histological examination showed that testosterone disrupted the morphology of the prostate epithelial cells evidenced in the involution of the epithelial lining of the acini into the lumen indicating BPH which was reversed by telmisartan. Findings from this study showed that telmisartan alone or in combination with pioglitazone prevented the development of testosterone‐induced prostatic hyperplasia.
What plant functional traits can reduce nitrous oxide emissions from intensively managed grasslands?
Authors: Abalos Diego , van Groenigen Jan Willem , De Deyn Gerlinde B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPlant species exert a dominant control over the nitrogen (N) cycle of natural and managed grasslands. Although in intensively managed systems that receive large external N inputs the emission of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is a crucial component of this cycle, a mechanistic relationship between plant species and N2O emissions has not yet been established. Here we use a plant functional trait approach to study the relation between plant species strategies and N2O emissions from soils. Compared to species with conservative strategies, species with acquisitive strategies have higher N uptake when there is ample N in the soil, but also trigger N mineralization when soil N is limiting. Therefore, we hypothesized that (1) compared to conservative species, species with acquisitive traits reduce N2O emissions after a high N addition; and (2) species with conservative traits have lower N2O emissions than acquisitive plants if there is no high N addition. This was tested in a greenhouse experiment using monocultures of six grass species with differing above‐ and below‐ground traits, growing across a gradient of soil N availability. We found that acquisitive species reduced N2O emissions at all levels of N availability, produced higher biomass and showed larger N uptake. As such, acquisitive species had 87% lower N2O emissions per unit of N uptake than conservative species (p < .05). Structural equation modelling revealed that specific leaf area and root length density were key traits regulating the effects of plants on N2O emission and biomass productivity. These results provide the first framework to understand the mechanisms through which plants modulate N2O emissions, pointing the way to develop productive grasslands that contribute optimally to climate change mitigation.
Adaptation strategies to climate change in marine systems
Authors: Miller Dana D. , Ota Yoshitaka , Sumaila Ussif Rashid , Cisneros‐Montemayor Andrés M. , Cheung William W. L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe world's oceans are highly impacted by climate change and other human pressures, with significant implications for marine ecosystems and the livelihoods that they support. Adaptation for both natural and human systems is increasingly important as a coping strategy due to the rate and scale of ongoing and potential future change. Here, we conduct a review of literature concerning specific case studies of adaptation in marine systems, and discuss associated characteristics and influencing factors, including drivers, strategy, timeline, costs, and limitations. We found ample evidence in the literature that shows that marine species are adapting to climate change through shifting distributions and timing of biological events, while evidence for adaptation through evolutionary processes is limited. For human systems, existing studies focus on frameworks and principles of adaptation planning, but examples of implemented adaptation actions and evaluation of outcomes are scarce. These findings highlight potentially useful strategies given specific social–ecological contexts, as well as key barriers and specific information gaps requiring further research and actions.
Examining trust in health professionals among family caregivers of nursing home residents with advanced dementia
Authors: Boogaard Jannie A. , Werner Perla , Zisberg Anna , van der Steen Jenny T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimIn a context of increasing emphasis on shared decision‐making and palliative care in dementia, research on family caregivers’ trust in health professionals in advanced dementia is surprisingly scant. The aim of the present study was to assess trust in nursing home health professionals of family caregivers of nursing home residents with advanced dementia, and possible correlates, such as family caregivers’ satisfaction, involvement in care, care burden and patients’ symptom burden.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out using structured questionnaires administered through the telephone. Generalized estimating equation analyses with adjustment for nursing home clustering were applied to assess the most important associations with family caregivers’ trust.ResultsA total of 214 family caregivers of persons with dementia residing in 25 nursing homes participated in the study. The majority of the participants (67%) were women and adult children (75%). The majority of the family caregivers trusted physicians, nurses and nurses’ aides at a moderate‐to‐high level. Approximately half to one‐third reported moderate‐to‐low levels of trust. Higher levels of trust were associated with more positive care outcomes, such as higher family satisfaction with care and more positive evaluations of physician–family communication.ConclusionsThe present study showed the importance of family caregivers trusting nursing home health professionals for their experiences as caregivers. Although causation cannot be established, increased family caregivers’ trust in nursing home health professionals by improving communication and exchange of information might provide a good basis for providing optimal palliative care in advanced dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2466–2471.
Barriers to using electronic evidence based literature in nursing practice: a systematised review
Authors: Sadoughi Farahnaz , Azadi Tania , Azadi Tannaz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundNurses’ use of electronic literature has remained limited.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify barriers concerning application of electronic literature on evidence based practice in nursing.MethodsSix bibliographic databases were searched using the following keywords: challenges, barriers, obstacles, evidence based practice, EBP, information seeking, online databases, electronic literature, bibliographic databases and nurs*. Results were filtered to peer reviewed empirical studies, written in English or Persian and published from 2010 to 2017. Studies were selected based on specified inclusion criteria, and quality of the included studies was assessed. The approved articles (n = 21) were extracted and synthesised.DiscussionThere are different types of barriers in using electronic evidence based literature in nursing demonstrating the issue as a multi‐faceted problem. Not having enough time to conduct a search was the first major barrier noted by almost 81% (n = 17) of the reviewed studies followed by lack of knowledge on searching skills (66%; n = 14) and access requirements (38%; n = 8).ConclusionsThere appears to be an important role for hospital management in providing nurses with enough time and access to online information while at work and also for health care librarians together with nursing leaders in providing the required training on using electronic evidence based literature.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale
Authors: Gökdoğan Feray , Kes Duygu 
Published: July 2017

AimsThe aim of the study was to create a Turkish version of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS‐7) and to examine its validity and reliability.MethodsThe sample of this methodological type study consisted of 100 Turkish patients with chronic disease. In the evaluation of data, the content validity index, Cronbach α, test‐retest, item total score correlation, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and adherence statistics were used.ResultsThe scale's content validity index was 0.94, its Kendal W goodness‐of‐fit test was 0.188 (P = .246), its Cronbach α coefficient was 0.75, and its item total score correlation was between 0.32 and 0.59 (P < .001). The test‐retest reliability was also satisfactory with interclass correlation coefficients higher than 0.75.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the ARMS‐7 is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used in the evaluation of attitudes to adherence to medications and refills based on self‐reporting by the chronically ill.
Developing a medical picture book for reducing venipuncture distress in preschool‐aged children
Authors: Tsao Ying , Kuo Hui‐Chen , Lee Hsui‐Chuan , Yiin Shuenn‐Jiun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimDistress associated with needle‐related procedures is a major concern in preschool‐aged children nursing. This study developed a medical picture book for supporting preschool‐aged children facing a venipuncture and determined the effectiveness of such a book intervention in decreasing behavioural distress.MethodsThe picture book was designed in 3 stages: developing stories on medical situations, penning the text, and drafting the book. We conducted a quasiexperimental study to examine the effectiveness of the book. The behavioural distress of the control and picture book groups were assessed before, during, and after the intervention by using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress‐Revised (OSBD‐R).ResultsWe created a 12‐page picture book, Sick Rui‐Rui Bear, in which cartoon characters were depicted undergoing venipunctures, as a guide for vein injection and for facilitating positive venipuncture outcomes in preschool‐aged children. Over time, the OSBD‐R scores of the picture book group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < .001).ConclusionWe recommend the picture book be routinely read and used during venipunctures to decrease procedural distress in preschool‐aged children.
Effects of long‐term elevation of air temperature on sucrose metabolism in cotton leaves at different positions
Authors: Hu W. , Dai Y. , Zhao W. , Meng Y. , Chen B. , Wang Y. , Zhou Z. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGlobal warming could possibly increase the air temperature by 1.8–4.0°C in the coming decade. To forecast the effects of long‐term elevation of air temperature on sucrose synthesis in cotton leaves at different positions, field experiments with the treatments of ambient temperature (control) and elevated temperature (2–3°C) across cotton's boll forming stage were conducted in 2011 and 2012. Results showed that sucrose content in the fourth main‐stem leaves from the terminal (FMLT) during 10–17 days after treatment (DAT) and in the leaves subtending the cotton boll (LSCB) during 17–45 days post‐anthesis (DPA) was lower in the increased temperature treatment than control treatment, but starch content was higher, resulting in higher specific leaf weight (SLW). Lower sucrose content might be attributed to low ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase‐oxygenase (Rubisco) and cytosolic fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (cy‐FBPase) activities under elevated temperature for all tested leaves. Comparison of different fruiting branch (FB) positions, sucrose transformation rate just decreased in LSCB growing on FB2–3 and FB6–7. Compared with FB10–11, the leaves at FB2–3 and FB6–7 were more sensitive to the increased temperature, showing as that the changing amplitudes of SLW, sucrose content, starch content, initial Rubisco activity and cy‐FBPase activity were greater. Regarding different types of cotton leaves, the effects of elevated temperature on sucrose content, starch content and initial Rubisco activity in FMLT were obvious at the early stage (10–17 DAT), but were not obvious at the late stage. However, the effects were consistent in LSCB from 17 to 45 DPA. In addition, long‐term elevated temperature had smaller impacts on above indices in FMLT than LSCB. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SuSy) activities were decreased by elevated temperature in FMLT at the early stage, but were increased in LSCB, suggesting that SPS and SuSy were the key enzymes between FMLT and LSCB in response to elevated temperature.
The Next Wave of ESG Integration: Lessons from Institutional Investors
Authors: Ailman Chris , Edkins Michelle , Mitchem Kristi , Eliopoulos Ted , Guillot Janine 
Published: July 2017

In this panel that also took place at the recent SASB Symposium, senior representatives of four leading institutional investors—BlackRock, Ca lPERS, Ca lSTRS, and Wells Fargo—emphasize the relevance of ESG data for “mainstream” investors and the importance of integrating it with traditional fundamental analysis rather than viewing it as a separate set of reporting responsibilities. Moreover, the logical place for integrating ESG information is in the most forwardlooking section of financial reports, the “Management Discussion and Analysis,” or “MD&A,” which would be strengthened by including more and better information about the companies' ESG risks and initiatives.Some panelists noted that ESG information is likely to be valued by investors because of its ability to shed light on “idiosyncratic” risks that are not captured by the traditional risk factors that have long dominated asset pricing models. Others described ESG information as helpful in evaluating and comparing the “quality” of management in portfolio companies. But all agreed that efforts like the SASB's to standardize ESG data are essential to successful integration of that data into the decision‐making process of large mainstream investors. And as the panelists also made clear, there is an important generational component to the growing movement to integrate ESG into mainstream investing, with Millenials—and particularly Millenial women—showing especially strong support.
Analysts' Roundtable on Integrating ESG into Investment Decision‐Making
Authors: Hanson Dan , Lyons Tom , Bender Jennifer , Bertocci Bruno , Lamy Bobby 
Published: July 2017

In this third of the three discussions that took place at the SASB 2016 Symposium, practitioners of a broad range of investment approaches—active as well as passive in both equities and fixed‐income—explain how and why they use ESG information when evaluating companies and making their investment decisions. There was general agreement that successful ESG investing depends on integrating ESG factors with the methods and data of traditional “fundamental” financial statement analysis. And in support of this claim, a number of the panelists noted that some of the world's best “business value investors,” including Warren Buffett, have long incorporated environmental, social, and governance considerations into their investment decision‐making.In the analysis of such active fundamental investors, ESG concerns tend to show up as risk factors that can translate into higher costs of capital and lower values. And companies' effectiveness in managing such factors, as ref lected in high ESG scores and rankings, is viewed by many fundamental investors as an indicator of management “quality,” a reliable demonstration of the corporate commitment to investing in the company's future.Moreover, some fixed‐income investors are equally if not more concerned than equity investors about ESG exposures. ESG factors can have pronounced effects on performance by generating “tail risks” that can materialize in both going‐concern and default scenarios. And the rating agencies have long attempted to reflect some of these risks in their analysis, though with mixed success.What is relatively new, however, is the frequency with which fixed income investors are engaging companies on ESG topics. And even large institutional investors with heavily indexed portfolios have become more aggressive in engaging their portfolio companies on ESG issues. Although the traditional ESG filters used by such investors were designed mainly just to screen out tobacco, firearms, and other “sin” shares from equity portfolios, investors' interest in “tilting” their portfolios toward positive sustainability factors, in the form of lowcarbon and gender‐balanced ETFs and other kinds of “smart beta” portfolios, has gained considerable momentum.