bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable staurolite–cordierite assemblages in K‐poor metapelitic schists in Aston and Hospitalet gneiss domes of the central Pyrenees (France, Andorra)
Authors: Mezger J. E. , Régnier J‐L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStaurolite–cordierite assemblages are common in mica schists of the Aston and Hospitalet gneiss domes of the central Axial Zone, Pyrenees (France, Andorra). Within a 200 m wide zone, staurolite, cordierite and andalusite porphyroblasts contain inclusion trails that preserve the same stage of development of a crenulation cleavage, strongly suggesting that all three phases are contemporaneous. Their syntectonic growth occurred during a short period at the beginning of the formation of the dominant schistosity (S2) of the domes. Staurolite and cordierite touching each other further indicates an equilibrium relationship. Whole‐rock analyses show that some staurolite–cordierite schists are depleted in K2O compared to post‐Archean shales (PAAS) and amphibolite facies pelites. Analysis of the st‐crd paragenesis in K‐poor schists without muscovite using KFMASH and MnNCKFMASH petrogentic grids, pseudosections and AFM compatibility diagrams predicts stable conditions at pressures of ~3.5 kbar at 575 °C. For metapelites with intermediate XMg values (0.7 > XMg >0.48) a ‘muscovite‐out window’ exists from 550–650 °C at 3.5 kbar in the KFMASH system. Conventional thermobarometry (GB‐GASP, AvT‐AvP) and petrogenetic grids show an isobaric P–T path to peak temperatures of ~650 °C, supported by the presence of sillimanite‐K‐feldspar gneiss and migmatites. LP‐HT metamorphism in the Aston dome is related to early Carboniferous (c. 339 Ma) granitic intrusions into the dome core. As metamorphism is directly linked with the formation of the main S2 schistosity, the temporal relations demonstrated in this study conflict with previous studies which constrained LP‐HT metamorphism and the development of flat‐lying schistosity to the late Carboniferous (315–305 Ma) – at least in the eastern Axial Zone.
IL‐1β mediating high mobility group box protein‐1 expression in condylar chondrocyte during temporomandibular joint inflammation
Authors: Li Cheng , Cai Hengxing , Meng Qinggong , Feng Yaping , Guo Huilin , Fang Wei , Long Xing 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis(OA)characterized with cartilage degen‐eration is associated with inflammation. High mobility group box chromosomal protein‐1(HMGB‐1)is a potent mediator of inflammation and the trigger of OA. The expression of HMGB‐1 in TMJ OA was uncovered, but the role of HMGB‐1 in TMJ cartilage degeneration is not fully understood. In this study, the regulation of HMGB‐1 in TMJ condylar cartilage was revealed.MethodsA complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced TMJ inflammation animal model was employed and the expression of HMGB‐1 was detected at 1st, 2nd, and 6th weeks by immunohistochemistry. TMJ condylar chondrocytes were incubated with IL‐1β (10 and 40 ng/ml) at 24, 48, and 72 h, and the translocation and protein level of HMGB‐1 were evaluated by immunofluorescence and Western blot.ResultNuclear HMGB‐1 staining was predominantly located in chondrocytes of both the fibrosis and proliferative zones in healthy TMJ. 1st week and 2nd week after CFA injection, immunoreaction could be detected in the cytoplasms of HMGB‐1‐positive cells and cartilage matrix especially in hypertrophic zone. At 6th week after CFA injection, cartilage matrix expression was disappeared and the cytoplasm expression of HMGB‐1 was very weak in hypertrophic zone. HMGB‐1 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm at 48 h after incubated with IL‐1β (10 ng/ml and 40 ng/ml). The protein level of HMGB‐1 was increased after stimulation and had a peak at 48 h.ConclusionHMGB‐1 might be associated with TMJ inflammation and OA. Insight into the role of HMGB‐1 in TMJ inflammation is helpful to add the new knowledge into the pathogenesis of TMJ OA.
Trifolium pratense isoflavones improve pulmonary vascular remodelling in broiler chickens
Authors: Jiang Y. B. , Yang Y. R. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPulmonary arterial remodelling is a pathological characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which contributes to the development of sustained pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Trifolium pratense isoflavones on pulmonary vascular remodelling in experimental broiler pulmonary hypertension syndrome. Exposure to sub‐thermoneutral environmental temperatures increased broiler's pulmonary hypertension syndrome incidence and raised expression levels of nitric oxide, endothelin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Dietary supplementation (20 mg/kg basal diet) with Trifolium pratense isoflavones reduced pulmonary hypertension syndrome incidence and improved pulmonary vascular remodelling without affecting growth performance. The beneficial effect likely came from isoflavone improved pulmonary vascular remodelling. Isoflavone induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, which led to increased nitric oxide level. The nitric oxide could mediate vasorelaxation in the lungs. At the same time, the expression of endothelin was downregulated by isoflavone. Dietary supplementation of Trifolium pratense isoflavone might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
Uptake of manganese from manganese–lysine complex in the primary rat intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang H. , Gilbert E. R. , Zhang K. , Ding X. , Luo Y. , Wang J. , Zeng Q. , Bai S. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis study was conducted to compare the differences of the uptake of Mn from Mn–lysine complex (MnLys) and MnSO4 and to determine the potential mechanisms of the uptake of Mn from MnLys. We first established the primary rat intestinal epithelial cell culture model and used it to determine the uptake of Mn from different Mn sources. The MnLys increased (p < 0.001) Mn uptake when compared to MnSO4. The uptake of Mn decreased (p < 0.05) with added Fe concentration increasing in the medium regardless of Mn source. The MnLys decreased (p < 0.01) Mn2+ efflux transporter ferroportin 1 (FPN1) mRNA level, but did not influence (p > 0.06) Mn2+ influx transporter DMT1 mRNA expression when compared to MnSO4. The results above indicated that the increase of Mn accumulation for MnLys at least partly was due to the decrease of Mn efflux by reduced FPN1 expression. The N‐ethylmaleimide, as an l‐lysine transport system y+ inhibitor, decreased (p < 0.001) the uptake of Mn from MnLys, but did not affect (p > 0.10) the uptake of Mn from MnSO4. The cycloheximide, as an l‐lysine transport system b0,+ activator, increased (p < 0.001) the uptake of Mn from MnLys, whereas also did not influence the uptake of Mn from MnSO4. The MnLys increased (p < 0.01) the system y+ member cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) 1, and system b0,+ components rBAT and b0,+AT mRNA expression when compared to MnSO4. These results suggested that the uptake of Mn from MnLys complex might be transported by CAT1 and system b0,+, which was different from ionized Mn2+ uptake pathway. In conclusion, the uptake of MnLys complex not only might be absorbed as Mn2+, but also appeared to be transported through CAT1 and system b0,+ in the primary rat intestinal epithelial cells.
Implementation of the Bedside Paediatric Early Warning System (BedsidePEWS) for nurse identification of deteriorating patients
Authors: Kaul Molly , Snethen Julia , Kelber Sheryl T. , Zimmanck Kim , Maletta Kristin , Meyer Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to explore nurses' and physicians' recognition of signs of deterioration and management of symptoms.Design and MethodsThis descriptive, cross‐sectional study used an electronic survey with 35 nurses and 17 physicians.ResultsNurses using the Bedside Paediatric Early Warning System (BedsidePEWS) were significantly more likely to recognize risk for deterioration and respond with appropriate interventions. Physicians incorporating BedsidePEWS were more likely to choose reliable indicators of deterioration and reported significantly more effective communication from nurses to identify deterioration.Practice ImplicationsBedsidePEWS may improve nurses' and physicians' abilities to recognize early signs of patient deterioration, communicate findings to providers, and plan interventions.
Role of sympathetic nervous system in rat model of chronic visceral pain
Authors: Gil D. W. , Wang J. , Gu C. , Donello J. E. , Cabrera S. , Al‐Chaer E. D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundChanges in central pain modulation have been implicated in generalized pain syndromes such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We have previously demonstrated that reduced descending inhibition unveils a role of sympathoneuronal outflow in decreasing peripheral sensory thresholds, resulting in stress‐induced hyperalgesia. We investigated whether sympathetic nervous system (SNS) exacerbation of pain sensation when central pain inhibition is reduced is relevant to chronic pain disorders using a rat colon irritation (CI) model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity with hallmarks of IBS.MethodsRats were treated to a series of colorectal balloon distensions (CRD) as neonates resulting in visceral and somatic hypersensitivity and altered stool function that persists into adulthood. The visceral sensitivity was assessed by recording electromyographic (EMG) responses to CRD. Somatic sensitivity was assessed by paw withdrawal thresholds to radiant heat. The effects on the hypersensitivity of (i) inhibiting sympathoneuronal outflow with pharmacological and surgical interventions and (ii) enhancing the outflow with water avoidance stress (WAS) were tested.Key ResultsThe alpha2‐adrenergic agonist, clonidine, and the alpha1‐adrenergic antagonist, prazosin, reduced the visceral hypersensitivity and WAS enhanced the pain. Chemical sympathectomy with guanethidine and surgical sympathectomy resulted in a loss of the chronic visceral hypersensitivity.Conclusions & InferencesThe results support a role of the SNS in driving the chronic visceral and somatic hypersensitivity seen in CI rats. The findings further suggest that treatments that decrease sympathetic outflow or block activation of adrenergic receptors on sensory nerves could be beneficial in the treatment of generalized pain syndromes.
THE ROLE OF GROUNDWATER‐DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS IN GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
Authors: ESTEBAN ENCARNA , DINAR ARIEL 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEcosystems provide a wide range of services essential for a proper environmental, economic, and social performance. While the estimated global value of ecosystem services in 2014 is very significant, the annual loss of ecosystem services value is alarming. Our paper focuses on groundwater‐dependent ecosystems (GDEs), some very important to society, which are under threat due to groundwater overexploitation. Considering the ecosystem health/status function is essential for sound groundwater regulation policy. The paper assesses the conjunctive management of groundwater and GDEs both in theory and in a relevant case study, using a certain type of an ecosystem health function. The theoretical results demonstrate how the change in the slope values of a general ecosystem health function affects the optimal groundwater management policy. The analysis also suggests a change in groundwater management strategies as a function of the value of the ecosystem. The theoretical findings are corroborated with data from an aquifer in Spain and its associated GDE—the Tablas de Daimiel Wetland. The paper highlights theoretically and empirically the necessity for a better understanding of GDEs behavior. It calls for groundwater regulation to protect these resources.
Informal caregivers and detection of delirium in postacute care: a correlational study of the confusion assessment method (CAM), confusion assessment method–family assessment method (CAM‐FAM) and DSM‐IV criteria
Authors: Flanagan Nina M. , Spencer Gale 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesDelirium is a common, serious and potentially life‐threatening syndrome affecting older adults. This syndrome continues to be under‐recognised and under treated by healthcare professionals across all care settings. Older adults who develop delirium have poorer outcomes, higher mortality and higher care costs. The purposes of this study were to correlate the confusion assessment method–family assessment method and confusion assessment method in the detection of delirium in postacute care, to correlate the confusion assessment method–family assessment method and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders text revision criteria in detection of delirium in postacute care, to determine the prevalence of delirium in postacute care elders and to describe the relationship of level of cognitive impairment and delirium in the postacute care setting. Implications for Practice Delirium is disturbing for patients and caregivers. Frequently . family members want to provide information about their loved one. The use of the CAM‐FAM and CAM can give a more definitive determination of baseline status. Frequent observations using both instruments may lead to better recognition of delirium and implementation of interventions to prevent lasting sequelae.MethodsDescriptive studies determined the strengths of relationship between the confusion assessment method, confusion assessment method–family assessment method, Mini‐Cog and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders text revision criteria in detection of delirium in the postacute care setting.ResultsPrevalence of delirium in this study was 35%. The confusion assessment method–family assessment method highly correlates with the confusion assessment method and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders text revision criteria for detecting delirium in older adults in the postacute care setting. Persons with cognitive impairment are more likely to develop delirium. Family members recognise symptoms of delirium when asked.DiscussionThe confusion assessment method–family assessment method is a valid tool for detection of delirium.Implications for PracticeDelirium is disturbing for patients and caregivers. Frequently. family members want to provide information about their loved one. The use of the CAM‐FAM and CAM can give a more definitive determination of baseline status. Frequent observations using both instruments may lead to better recognition of delirium and implementation of interventions to prevent lasting sequelae.
A sucrose transporter‐interacting protein disulphide isomerase affects redox homeostasis and links sucrose partitioning with abiotic stress tolerance
Authors: Eggert Erik , Obata Toshihiro , Gerstenberger Anne , Gier Konstanze , Brandt Tobias , Fernie Alisdair R. , Schulze Waltraud , Kühn Christina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSucrose accumulation in leaves in response to various abiotic stresses suggests a specific role of this disaccharide for stress tolerance and adaptation. The high‐affinity transporter StSUT1 undergoes substrate‐induced endocytosis presenting the question as to whether altered sucrose accumulation in leaves in response to stresses is also related to enhanced endocytosis or altered activity of the sucrose transporter. StSUT1 is known to interact with several stress‐inducible proteins; here we investigated whether one of the interacting candidates, StPDI1, affects its subcellular localization in response to stress: StPDI1 expression is induced by ER‐stress and salt. Both proteins, StSUT1 and StPDI1, were found in the detergent resistant membrane (DRM) fraction, and this might affect internalization. Knockdown of StPDI1 expression severely affects abiotic stress tolerance of transgenic potato plants. Analysis of these plants does not reveal modified subcellular localization or endocytosis of StSUT1, but rather a disturbed redox homeostasis, reduced detoxification of reactive oxygen species and effects on primary metabolism.Parallel observations with other StSUT1‐interacting proteins are discussed. The redox status in leaves seems to be linked to the sugar status in response to various stress stimuli and to play a role in stress tolerance.
Usefulness of two interferon‐γ release assays for rheumatic disease
Authors: Nozawa Tomo , Mori Masaaki , Nishimura Kenichi , Sakurai Nodoka , Kikuchi Masako , Hara Ryoki , Yokota Shumpei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two interferon‐γ release assays (IGRA), QuantiFERON‐TB Gold In‐Tube (QFT‐GIT) and T‐SPOT.TB, for pediatric patients with rheumatic disease in Japan and to analyze the frequencies of indeterminate test results with these kits.MethodsAn IGRA was performed in 108 patients <20 years old in order to exclude tuberculosis infection at the time of first application of or change of biological agents and immunosuppressants in Yokohama City University Hospital.ResultsNone of the 108 patients tested had active tuberculosis during the 50 month observation period. Indeterminate results of QFT‐GIT and T‐SPOT.TB tests were obtained in 9.9% and in 0% of cases, respectively. Indeterminate results were obtained significantly more frequently in patients on prednisolone >0.5 mg/kg and in patients with active underlying disease. Use of biologicals and other immunosuppressants had no effect on these measurements.ConclusionsIGRA are very useful for excluding tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatic disease before starting new immunosuppressant therapy. Furthermore, the T‐SPOT.TB test was suitable for evaluating latent tuberculosis infection even under immunosuppression, when TB tests are generally hard to perform.
Geochemical Fingerprint and Iron Ore Potential of the Siliceous Itabirite from Palaeoproterozoic Nyong Series, Zambi Area, Southwestern Cameroon
Authors: Ganno Sylvestre , Moudioh Cyriel , Nzina Nchare Adjija , Kouankap Nono Gus Djibril , Nzenti Jean Paul 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe study area forms part of an emerging iron ore province of southern Cameroon. Geochemistry analyses reveal that the siliceous itabirite has a very simple chemical composition, with Fe2O3 and SiO2 representing more than 96 wt.% of the average composition; suggesting chemical precipitates of silica and iron. Low Al2O3 and TiO2 concentrations and a weak positive correlation between them point to a minor detrital component in the precipitated marine sediments. The Si/Al ratio (average 52.7) indicates the hydrothermal origin of the studied itabirite. The Al–Si discrimination diagram supports this interpretation through the plot of all data in the hydrothermal field. The studied samples have low iron content (about 39.32% Fe), high gangue content (40.97% SiO2 and 1.3 % Al2O3) and low concentration of the deleterious elements (0.16 % P and < 0.01% S). The main gangue mineral is silica which can be efficiently removed from iron ores during preparation of raw materials for the blast furnace process. According to commercial standards for crude iron ores, it may be concluded that the Zambi iron ores are a low‐grade magnetic ore that can be profitably exploited for the production of iron for steel production.
Effects of hamstring stretching on passive muscle stiffness vary between hip flexion and knee extension maneuvers
Authors: Miyamoto N. , Hirata K. , Kanehisa H. 
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the effects of hamstring stretching on the passive stiffness of each of the long head of the biceps femoris (BFl), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) vary between passive knee extension and hip flexion stretching maneuvers. In 12 male subjects, before and after five sets of 90 s static stretching, passive lengthening measurements where knee or hip joint was passively rotated to the maximal range of motion (ROM) were performed. During the passive lengthening, shear modulus of each muscle was measured by ultrasound shear wave elastography. Both stretching maneuvers significantly increased maximal ROM and decreased passive torque at a given joint angle. Passive knee extension stretching maneuver significantly reduced shear modulus at a given knee joint angle in all of BFl, ST, and SM. In contrast, the stretching effect by passive hip flexion maneuver was significant only in ST and SM. The present findings indicate that the effects of hamstring stretching on individual passive muscles’ stiffness vary between passive knee extension and hip flexion stretching maneuvers. In terms of reducing the muscle stiffness of BFl, stretching of the hamstring should be performed by passive knee extension rather than hip flexion.
CORPUS LUTEUM EXTRACTS AND OVULATION IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Kennedy Walter P. 
Published: December 2015

1. A substance, or substances, can be extracted in the cold from the corpus luteum of the cow, in the fresh or desiccated state, which inhibits ovulation in the rabbit, if injected intravenously in sufficient dosage.2. Long‐continued dosage with these extracts may be correlated with more or less marked degenerative changes in the ovary, and to a progressively less degree in the liver and adrenal glands, none being observed in the kidney.3. In the experimental animals in which the point was tested, ability to ovulate was not recovered in three months from the cessation of treatment.4. The fertility of the male controls was not impaired by parallel treatment.5. The toxic effects produced were insufficient to cause convulsions or death.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ELASTIC TISSUE OF THE HUMAN FŒTUS
Authors: Hewer Evelyn E. 
Published: December 2015

The wide distribution and early appearance of tissue with a great affinity for elastin stains indicates that this type of tissue plays an important part in the functional development of many organs; its appearance is in certain cases correlated with the time at which functioning of the organ begins.This work was undertaken during the course of an investigation on the human fœtus which is being carried out jointly with Professor M. L.
Lucas Keene, and for which we beg to acknowledge a grant from the Thomas Smythe Hughes Medical Research Fund of the University of London. I also have to thank the Medical Research Council for a grant in aid.
THE MODE OF ACTION OF VERITOL
Authors: Reis August 
Published: December 2015

1. The rise of blood‐pressure produced by veritol is due to two factors: (a) vasoconstriction, and (b) increased volume output per beat of the heart. Veritol (unlike adrenaline) causes only slight cardiac acceleration.2. The vasoconstrictor action of veritol can be demonstrated easily on perfused limbs, provided that blood is used for perfusion and the preparation is in good condition.3. Veritol sometimes causes a vasodilatation of central origin in perfused limbs.4. As regards the majority of its effects veritol resembles adrenaline, but its effects are of much longer duration.5. Doses of veritol as large as 20 mg./kg. did not produce any immediate toxic effects on anæsthetised cats.I wish to express my thanks to Professor A. J. Clark for his advice and help throughout this investigation. I also wish to thank Mr. N. E. Condon for his advice in designing the stromuhr.
OBSERVATIONS RELATING TO CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY IN THE RABBIT: THE REFRACTORY PERIOD OF HYPERTROPHIED VENTRICULAR MUSCLE
Authors: Drury Alan N. 
Published: December 2015

The “effective refractory period” of ventricular muscle which is (1) hypertrophied and dilated, (2) hypertrophied, (3) has returned to normal after being hypertrophied and dilated, is within normal limits.I wish to express my thanks to Mr. J. A. F. Fozzard, of the Department of Anatomy, for carrying out the X‐ray work.