bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Neurocognitive Functioning on Proactive Coping Behaviors in Adults With HIV
Authors: Cody Shameka L. , Fazeli Pariya L. , D. Moneyham Linda , Vance David E. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Although many can appreciate the life-sustaining benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy, some adults with HIV continue to have difficulty managing physical, neurocognitive, and everyday stressors. Fortunately, some adults with HIV are able to use accumulated resources (e.g., social networks) to help them engage in proactive coping behaviors such as planning and problem solving. Others, however, manage their stressors by engaging in avoidant coping, isolating themselves, or ruminating about the negative aspects of their situation. Perhaps, the capacity to engage in proactive coping may be influenced by damage to the frontal–striatal–thalamo circuitry, a region of the brain responsible for executive functioning and often compromised in adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. This study examined potential neurocognitive influences on proactive coping behaviors in adults with HIV (N = 98). Participants were administered a series of neurocognitive and psychosocial measures to determine if neurocognitive functioning and other factors that have been associated with coping in other populations, such as spirituality/religiosity, influenced proactive coping behaviors. Multiple regression analysis revealed that spirituality/religiosity (p = .002), rather than neurocognitive functioning (Useful Field of View, p = .277; Trails A, p = .701; Trails B, p = .365; Wechsler Memory Scale-III Digit Span, p = .864), was a significant predictor of proactive coping. Interventions to address spirituality/religiosity needs of adults with HIV may possibly facilitate proactive coping behaviors and improve mood, both of which are important for healthy neurocognitive functioning.
Prognosis of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury After Implementation of a Nurse Assessment Protocol
Authors: da P. Oliveira Débora Moura , Pereira Carlos Umberto , da P. Freitas Záira Moura 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background: The prognosis of a patient with traumatic brain injury (TBI) depends on the severity of the injury, the patient’s level of consciousness upon admission, and differences in treatment protocols. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the prognosis of TBI victims after implementation of a nurse assessment protocol. Method: This is a blind, nonrandomized clinical study carried out at a public emergency hospital in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Results: The study involved 480 patients with an average (SD) age of 35.7 (±16.6) years. Most of the patients were male (p = .02). In the preprotocol and postprotocol groups, motorcycle accidents (p = .023) were more frequent, with a 10.2% death rate. The clinical conditions associated with TBI and the tomographic findings were not affected in either the preprotocol or postprotocol groups (p = .07). There was a significant reduction (p = .05) in death rate from 12.6% to 7.3% and a decrease in the percentage of discharge with aftereffects from 32.8% to 22.8%. Factors independently associated with mortality were as follows: approximately 2.5 times more likely to not apply the protocol associated with an increased chance of death, followed by a 23 times higher risk of TBI severity, and age, with an odds ratio of 1.04. Conclusions: Implementing the protocol, there was a reduction of death rate of patients with severe TBI and aftereffects in patients with moderate TBI. The severity of TBI was the main independent predictive determinant of mortality, followed by nonuse of protocol and age.
A Review and Conceptual Model of Dopaminergic Contributions to Poststroke Depression
Authors: Stanfill Ansley , Elijovich Lucas , Baughman Brandon , Conley Yvette 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
About one third of all patients recovering from stroke will experience some degree of poststroke depression (PSD). PSD lengthens recovery times and reduces overall quality of life for these individuals. Although demographic, environmental, and clinical factors may explain some of the variability seen, these factors cannot fully predict the development of PSD. Furthermore, the precise mechanism of action is largely unknown. Recent work has begun to shed light on the influence of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine. This article summarizes the current evidence for the involvement of the dopaminergic system for PSD, using both preclinical and clinical models. Finally, a conceptual model is proposed that addresses the contributions of dopamine to the development of PSD.
Psychometric Development of the Research and Knowledge Scale
Authors: Powell Lauren R. , Ojukwu Elizabeth , Person Sharina D. , Allison Jeroan , Rosal Milagros C. , Lemon Stephenie C. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Many research participants are misinformed about research terms, procedures, and goals; however, no validated instruments exist to assess individual’s comprehension of health-related research information. We propose research literacy as a concept that incorporates understanding about the purpose and nature of research.

Objectives:
We developed the Research and Knowledge Scale (RaKS) to measure research literacy in a culturally, literacy-sensitive manner. We describe its development and psychometric properties.

Research Design:
Qualitative methods were used to assess perspectives of research participants and researchers. Literature and informed consent reviews were conducted to develop initial items. These data were used to develop initial domains and items of the RaKS, and expert panel reviews and cognitive pretesting were done to refine the scale. We conducted psychometric analyses to evaluate the scale.

Subjects:
The cross-sectional survey was administered to a purposive community-based sample (n=430) using a Web-based data collection system and paper.

Measures:
We did classic theory testing on individual items and assessed test-retest reliability and Kuder-Richardson-20 for internal consistency. We conducted exploratory factor analysis and analysis of variance to assess differences in mean research literacy scores in sociodemographic subgroups.

Results:
The RaKS is comprised of 16 items, with a Kuder-Richardson-20 estimate of 0.81 and test-retest reliability 0.84. There were differences in mean scale scores by race/ethnicity, age, education, income, and health literacy (all P<0.01).

Conclusions:
This study provides preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the RaKS. This scale can be used to measure research participants’ understanding about health-related research processes and identify areas to improve informed decision-making about research participation.
Reducing Mental Health Emergency Services for Children Served Through California’s Full Service Partnerships
Authors: Cordell Katharan D. , Snowden Lonnie R. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Children’s Full Service Partnerships (FSP), created through California’s Mental Health Services Act of 2004 are comprehensive treatment and support programs incorporating a wraparound model designed to serve undertreated families with children who have a serious emotional disturbance and are at risk for suicide, violence, residential instability, criminal justice involvement, or involuntary hospitalization.

Objective:
This study investigated whether FSP programs resulted in reduced crisis-related mental health emergency services (MHES) for the children they served.

Research Design:
Using a statewide data set for 464,880 children and youth ages 11to <18 served by California’s county mental health systems between 2004 and 2012, the study compared age-related trajectories of MHES use for FSP-served children before and after treatment alongside children in usual care. Estimates were made within stratified age groups (11 to <15 and 15 to <18), utilizing propensity score adjusted random effects for each child’s increasing age to control individual differences in MHES likelihood and trajectory, while controlling for age, cohort, county of service, and clinical and demographic covariates.

Results:
Before treatment in FSP, FSP-served children showed higher and increasing MHES rates initially, reflecting greater severity. After FSP treatment, FSP-served children’s MHES trajectory declined more rapidly than those of controls.

Conclusions:
There is strong evidence for the success of FSP’s aggressive approach in reducing dangerous, increasing trajectories in MHES use. More research is needed, but key efficacious components within the program may be candidates for broader application when providing community-based, crisis-averting care for the most socially and economically vulnerable, seriously mentally ill children and youth.
Patient Perceptions of Deprescribing
Authors: Linsky Amy , Simon Steven R. , Stolzmann Kelly , Meterko Mark 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Although clinicians ultimately decide when to discontinue (deprescribe) medications, patients’ perspectives may guide the process.

Objectives:
To develop a survey instrument that assesses patients’ experience with and attitudes toward deprescribing.

Research Design:
We developed a questionnaire with established and newly created items. We used exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) to assess the psychometric properties.

Subjects:
National sample of 1547 Veterans Affairs patients prescribed ≥5 medications.

Measures:
In the EFA, percent variance, a scree plot, and conceptual coherence determined the number of factors. In the CFA, proposed factor structures were evaluated using standardized root mean square residual, root mean square error of approximation, and comparative fit index.

Results:
Respondents (n=790; 51% response rate) were randomly assigned to equal derivation and validation groups. EFA yielded credible 4-factor and 5-factor models. The 4 factors were “Medication Concerns,” “Provider Knowledge,” “Interest in Stopping Medicines,” and “Unimportance of Medicines.” The 5-factor model added “Patient Involvement in Decision-Making.” In the CFA, a modified 5-factor model, with 2 items with marginal loadings moved based upon conceptual fit, had an standardized root mean square residual of 0.06, an RMSEA of 0.07, and a CFI of 0.91. The new scales demonstrated internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach α’s of: Concerns, 0.82; Provider Knowledge, 0.86; Interest, 0.77; Involvement, 0.61; and Unimportance, 0.70.

Conclusions:
The Patient Perceptions of Deprescribing questionnaire is a novel, multidimensional instrument to measure patients’ attitudes and experiences related to medication discontinuation that can be used to determine how to best involve patients in deprescribing decisions.
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Eating Disorders
Authors: Bern Elana M. , Woods Elizabeth R. , Rodriguez Leonel 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIndividuals with eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, may present with a range of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations. The oral cavity, salivary glands, GI tract, pancreas, and liver can be impacted by nutritional restrictive and binge/purging behaviors. Complications are often reversible with appropriate nutritional therapy. At times, however, the complications in these disorders may be severe, irreversible and even life threatening. Given the often covert nature of eating disorders, the practitioner must be attentive to subtle clues that may indicate their presence. Extensive diagnostic evaluations of the GI manifestations of eating disorders should be used only when nutritional rehabilitation does not remedy the problems.
Rumination Syndrome and Dental Erosions in Children
Authors: Monagas Javier , Ritwik Priyanshi , Kolomensky Andrew , Acosta Julio , Kay Danielle , Clendaniel Lindsey , Hyman Paul E. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTRumination syndrome is the effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food with subsequent reswallowing or spitting out. Dental erosion (DE) affects 2% to 5% of the population. DE is defined as loss of tooth structure by a chemical process that does not involve bacteria. Our objective was to compare the frequency of DE among children with rumination syndrome with healthy controls. We enrolled 30 patients 4 to 21 years of age diagnosed with rumination syndrome, and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects. Patients were evaluated by pediatric dentists for presence of DE with Taji et al a validated grading system. Patients with rumination were more likely to have DE (P < 0.001). Of patients with rumination syndrome, 23 (77%) had DE, compared with 4 (13%) control subjects. DEs are more frequent in patients with rumination syndrome.
ESPGHAN‐NASPGHAN Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Complications in Children With Esophageal Atresia‐Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Authors: Krishnan Usha , Mousa Hayat , Dall'Oglio Luigi , Homaira Nusrat , Rosen Rachel , Faure Christophe , Gottrand Frédéric 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Esophageal atresia (EA) is one of the most common congenital digestive anomalies. With improvements in surgical techniques and intensive care treatments, the focus of care of these patients has shifted from mortality to morbidity and quality‐of‐life issues. These children face gastrointestinal (GI) problems not only in early childhood but also through adolescence and adulthood. There is, however, currently a lack of a systematic approach to the care of these patients. The GI working group of International Network on Esophageal Atresia comprises members from ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN and was charged with the task of developing uniform evidence‐based guidelines for the management of GI complications in children with EA.Methods:Thirty‐six clinical questions addressing the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the common GI complications in patients with EA were formulated. Questions on the diagnosis, and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, management of “cyanotic spells,” etiology, investigation and management of dysphagia, feeding difficulties, anastomotic strictures, congenital esophageal stenosis in EA patients were addressed. The importance of excluding eosinophilic esophagitis and associated GI anomalies in symptomatic patients with EA is discussed as is the quality of life of these patients and the importance of a systematic transition of care to adulthood. A systematic literature search was performed from inception to March 2014 using Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, and PsychInfo databases. The approach of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation was applied to evaluate outcomes. During 2 consensus meetings, all recommendations were discussed and finalized. The group members voted on each recommendation, using the nominal voting technique. Expert opinion was used where no randomized controlled trials were available to support the recommendation.
Cytokine Levels in Panic Disorder: Evidence for a Dose-Response Relationship
Authors: Belem da Silva Cristiano Tschiedel , Costa Marianna de Abreu , Bortoluzzi Andressa , Pfaffenseller Bianca , Vedana Flávia , Kapczinski Flávio , Manfro Gisele Gus 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
Several studies have investigated possible biological correlates of mental disorders. Although some studies have consistently reported elevated levels of serum inflammatory markers in depression, very few have evaluated cytokine levels in patients with lifetime panic disorder (PD).

Methods
Seventy-eight adults (75% women) from an anxiety disorders outpatient unit were categorized according to their PD status: current or in remission. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-10 were evaluated using flow cytometry with enhanced sensitivity flex sets. Data on clinical comorbidity, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, C-reactive protein, and PD severity were also obtained.

Results
Significantly higher mean levels of serum IL-6 (0.83 vs 0.60 pg/mL [95% confidence interval {CI}for the log-transformed mean difference, −0.41 to −0.57], p = .008) but not of tumor necrosis factor-α (0.18 vs 0.14 pg/mL [95% CI, −1.12 to 0.11]; p = 0.53) or IL-10 (0.21 vs 0.26 [95% CI, −0.20 to 0.44]; p = 0.16), were associated with current PD compared to remitted PD. Higher Panic Disorder Severity Scale (standardized β = 0.36; p = .013), body mass index (standardized β = 0.53, p < .001) and fasting blood glucose 5.6 mmol/L or greater (standardized β = 0.23, p = .038) were significantly associated with higher levels of IL-6 in the multivariate linear regression model.

Conclusions
Our findings support a proinflammatory state in patients with current PD that is independent of possible confounders. Although there are important implications of these findings, replication is required.
Liver Stiffness and Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein in Discriminating Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Cirrhotic Nodule
Authors: Li Jia-Wu , Ling Wen-Wu , Lu Qiang , Lu Chang-Li , He Du , Luo Yan 
Published: August 2016

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of liver stiffness and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in differentiating small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from cirrhotic nodule.

Methods
A total of 95 chronic hepatitis B patients who were diagnosed with small HCC (n = 53) or cirrhotic nodule (n = 42) underwent ultrasound elastography point quantification (ElastPQ) examinations on lesion and background liver. Three stiffness parameters, lesion stiffness value (SV), absolute stiffness difference (ASD) of lesion and background liver, stiffness ratio (lesion/background liver) (SR), and serum AFP were retrospectively analyzed. Then, the capabilities of lesion SV, ASD, SR, AFP, and the combination of each individual stiffness parameter with AFP were evaluated in differentiating small HCC from cirrhotic nodule.

Results
Significantly higher lesion SV, ASD, SR, and serum AFP were observed in small HCC compared with cirrhotic nodule patients (all P ≤ 0.0001). By comparing the stiffness parameters on the patients with AFP greater than 20 ng/mL and AFP of 20 ng/mL or smaller, a higher lesion SV and comparable ASD and SR were found in the small HCC patients. The diagnostic accuracy of lesion SV, ASD, SR, and AFP in the discrimination of small HCC and cirrhotic nodule was 0.731, 0.825, 0.820, and 0.789, respectively. Moreover, the improved sensitivity was observed in the combination of liver stiffness with AFP (83%, 100%, and 92% for lesion SV/AFP, ASD/AFP, and SR/AFP, respectively).

Conclusions
This study illustrated that the combination of liver stiffness and serum AFP has considerable clinical value in detecting suspicious small HCC from cirrhotic nodule.
Astrocytes locally translate transcripts in their peripheral processes
Authors: Sakers Kristina , Lake Allison M. , Khazanchi Rohan , Ouwenga Rebecca , Vasek Michael J. , Dani Adish , Dougherty Joseph D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLocal translation in neuronal processes is key to the alteration of synaptic strength that contributes to long term potentiation and learning and memory. Here, we present evidence that astrocytes have ribosomes in their peripheral and perisynaptic processes, and thatde novoprotein synthesis occurs in the astrocyte periphery. We also developed a new biochemical approach to profile and define a set of candidate transcripts that are locally translated in astrocyte processes, several of which were validated invivousingin situhybridization of sparsely labeled cells. Computational analyses indicate that localized translation is both sequence dependent and enriched for particular biological functions. This includes novel pathways such as fatty acid synthesis as well as pathways consistent with known roles for astrocyte processes, such as GABA and glutamate metabolism. Finally, enriched transcripts also include key glial regulators of synaptic refinement, suggesting that local production of astrocyte proteins may support microscale alterations of adjacent synapses.Significance StatementCellular compartments are specialized for particular functions. In astrocytes, the peripheral processes, particularly near synapses, contain proteins specialized for reuptake of neurotransmitters and ions, and have been shown to alter their morphology in response to activity. Regulated transport of a specific subset of nuclear-derived mRNAs to particular compartments is thought to support the specialization of these compartments and allow for local regulation of translation. In neurons, local translation near activated synapses is thought to generate the proteins needed for the synaptic alterations that constitute memory. We demonstrate that astrocytes also have sequence-dependent local translation in their peripheral processes, including transcripts with roles in regulating synapses. This suggests local translation in astrocyte processes may also play a role in modulating synapses.
Interactions between helicase and primase are crucial for DNA replication in the enteropathogenClostridium difficile
Authors: van Eijk Erika , Paschalis Vasileios , Green Matthew , Friggen Annemieke H. , Larson Marilynn A. , Spriggs Keith , Briggs Geoffrey S. , Soultanas Panos , Smits Wiep Klaas 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTDNA replication is an essential and conserved process in all domains of life and may serve as a target for the development of new antimicrobials. However, such developments are hindered by a limited understanding of DNA replication in pathogenic micro-organisms.Clostridium difficileis the main cause of health-care associated diarrhea and its DNA replication machinery is virtually uncharacterized. We identified the replicative helicase (CD3657), the helicase loader ATPase (CD3654) and primase (CD1454) ofC. difficileand reconstitute helicase and primase activityin vitro. We demonstrate a direct and ATP-dependent interaction between the helicase loader and the helicase. We find that helicase activity is dependent on the presence of primasein vitro. The trinucleotide specificity of primase, which we find to be determined by a single lysine residue, is similar to extreme thermophileAquifex aeolicusbut the presence of helicase allows more efficientde novosynthesis of RNA primers from non-preferred trinucleotides. Thus, helicase-primase interactions constitute a crucial aspect of DNA replication initiation inC. difficileand helicase loading and activation in this organism differs critically from that of the Gram-positive model organismBacillus subtilis.