bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality-of-Life Outcomes of Patients following Patellofemoral Stabilization Surgery: The Influence of Trochlear Dysplasia
Authors: Hiemstra Laurie , Lafave Mark , Kerslake Sarah 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTrochlear dysplasia is a well-described risk factor for recurrent patellofemoral instability. Despite its clear association with the incidence of patellofemoral instability, it is unclear whether the presence of high-grade trochlear dysplasia influences clinical outcome after patellofemoral stabilization. The purpose of this study was to assess whether trochlear dysplasia influenced patient-reported, disease-specific outcomes in surgically treated patellar instability patients, when risk factors were addressed in accordance with the à la carte surgical approach to the treatment of patellofemoral instability. The study design is of a case series. A total of 318 patellar stabilization procedures were performed during the study period. Of these procedures, 260 had adequate lateral radiographs and complete Banff Patellar Instability Instrument (BPII) scores available for assessment. A Pearson r correlation was calculated between four characteristics of trochlear dysplasia, the BPII total and the BPII symptoms, and physical complaints scores, a mean of 24 months following patellofemoral stabilization. Independent t-tests were performed between stratified trochlear dysplasia groups (no/low grade and high grade) and all BPII measures. There was a statistically significant correlation between measures of trochlear dysplasia and quality-of-life physical symptoms scores, an average of 2 years following patellofemoral stabilization surgery. The BPII symptoms and physical complaints domain score, as well as the individual weakness and stiffness questions, correlated with the classification of trochlear dysplasia as well as the presence of a trochlear bump (p < 0.05). Independent t-tests demonstrated statistically significant differences between the no/low-grade and high-grade dysplasia groups for the BPII stiffness (p = 0.002), BPII weakness (p = 0.05) and BPII symptom, and physical complaints values (p = 0.04). Two additional measures—the 24-month postoperative total BPII score (p = 0.11) and BPII pain score (p = 0.07)—demonstrated trends toward statistical significance. This research has established a statistically significant correlation between trochlear dysplasia and disease-specific quality-of-life outcomes following patellofemoral stabilization surgery. There was a significant correlation between patient-reported physical symptoms after surgery and high-grade trochlear dysplasia.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Isolated Hoffa Fractures
Authors: Baca Emre , Kural Cemal , Ercin Ersin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe goal of this study was to evaluate the results of a novel method, arthroscopic fixation of isolated Hoffa fractures.This is a prospective, case series and set at Level 1 trauma center. A total of eight patients with isolated Hoffa fractures who were operated by arthroscopic screw fixation method in the anterior posterior direction with 6.5 mm cannulated screws were followed up prospectively. Same surgical method used for all patients. All patients underwent the same rehabilitation program and active range of motion (ROM) exercises were started immediately. The International Knee Society (IKS) knee and functional scores, postoperative knee ROMs, and time of bone union were used as outcome measurements. Postoperative knee ROMs was compared with the contralateral healthy knee. The mean follow-up time was 29 months (26 − 41 months). At the final review, no significant difference (p = 0.159) was found between the ROM of healthy side and operated side of patients (153.1 ± 4.6 and 150 ± 3.8). The mean IKS knee and functional scores at 12 months were 87.2 ± 5.8 and 96.8 ± 3.7, respectively. Union was achieved in all patients at a mean duration of 3.8 months. Fracture side had no influence on the IKS knee scores, functional scores, and ROM (p = 0.846, p = 0.913, and p = 0.374, respectively). Concomitant intra-articular lesions identified in two patients (%25) during arthroscopy were one anterior cruciate ligament rupture and one medial meniscus tear. Patients undergoing arthroscopic Hoffa fracture fixation have excellent outcomes at average 29 months postoperatively with no apparent complications and no significant loss of ROM. Also 25% of patients had intra-articular injuries that were identified with arthroscopic technique that may have been missed with the open technique. The level of evidence was Level 4 (case series).
Single-Bundle versus Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial with 6-Year Follow-up
Authors: Dini Francesco , de Girolamo Laura , Cattani Massimo , Rosa Michele , Adravanti Paolo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSingle-bundle (SB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is increasingly used in a large number of patients and it allows obtaining very good clinical and subjective results; however, functional tests show a persistent rotational instability. Biomechanical studies seem to indicate that double-bundle (DB) ACL reconstruction allows to obtain increased anterior and rotational stability compared with SB. The aim of this prospective randomized controlled study was to compare the clinical outcome and the possible osteoarthritic evolution of patients treated either with a SB (freehand transtibial femoral tunnel) or with a DB technique (outside-in for posterolateral femoral tunnel/inside-out for anteromedial femoral tunnel) at a final follow-up of 6 years. A total of 60 patients with complete ACL rupture (age, 16–40 years) were prospectively randomized to SB (n = 30) or DB (n = 30) groups. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and after surgery at 6 months, 1, 3, and 6 years with Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, and KT-2000 (Medmetric Corp). The degree of osteoarthritis (OA) based on the Kellgren–Lawrence grade was also assessed. No significant differences in background factors between the two groups were observed. Homogeneity was also found in term of preoperative Lysholm score, IKDC, and KT-2000 between SB and DB groups. After 6 months from surgery, both groups showed significant improvements for Lysholm, IKDC, and KT-2000 score with respect to preoperative observations (p < 0.001); however, no significant differences have been observed in term of postoperative values between SB and DB groups at each time point (6-year evaluation: Lysholm score 98.14 ± 10.03 and 97.22 ± 12.82; IKDC normal + nearly normal 95 and 100%; KT-2000 1.68 ± 1.26 and 1.03 ± 1.92 for SB and DB, respectively; all p > 0.05). At the final follow-up, three patients (11.11%) in the DB group and two patients (7.69%) in the SB group presented signs of OA progression. Our study did not reveal any advantages in using DB ACL reconstruction in mid- to long-term follow-up in term of clinical outcome and knee stability, as well as in term of OA progression.
Muscle Response to Complete Peripheral Nerve Injury: Changes of Acetylcholine Receptor and Creatine Kinase Activity over Time
Authors: Shainberg Asher , Rochkind Shimon 
Published: February 2017

Background This study was designed to assess the changes of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and creatine kinase (CK) levels, which are important biochemical markers for muscle viability in cases of long-term muscle denervation. Scientists and peripheral nerve surgeons may find these data important regarding maximal range of muscle viability applicable for timing of effective peripheral nerve reconstructive surgery.
Methods The study was conducted on 48 rats (96 gastrocnemius muscles), whose right legs were denervated by removing a 10-mm segment of sciatic nerve, while their left legs remained intact. Under general anesthesia, the rats were euthanized at seven points in time, on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 120, and 210. In both legs, AChR was quantified by 125I-α-bungarotoxin, whereas CK activity was measured using a spectrophotometric method.
Results CK levels in the denervated limb reached a minimal level of 34% on day 30 in comparison to the intact limb and remained at this level up to 210 days after operation. AChR levels in the denervated limb reached a minimal level of 38% on day 120 in comparison to the intact limb and remained at this level up to 210 days after operation.
Conclusion The present study shows that AChR and CK levels in rat denervated muscles remain constant at about third of its intact condition for a period of at least a third of rat's lifetime postinjury.
Ergebnisse einer stationären Rauchentwöhnung bei Suchtpatienten im Rahmen einer 3-wöchigen, qualifizierten Entzugsbehandlung
Authors: Pätz T. , Frischknecht U. , Bielmeier P. , Dinter C. , Reinhard I. , Mann K. , Kiefer F. , Weber T. 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Überprüft wurde der Effekt eines Rauchentwöhnungsprogramms während einer 3-wöchigen, stationären, qualifizierten Entzugsbehandlung. Dabei standen sowohl die Teilnahmebereitschaft, die Tabakkonsumreduktion bzw. die Tabakabstinenz und der Einfluss auf die Abstinenz von der komorbiden Abhängigkeit im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung.
153 Suchtpatienten mit komorbider Tabakabhängigkeit wurden eingeschlossen. 88 Probanden nahmen an einem Rauchentwöhnungsprogramm mit kognitiv-behavioraler Gruppentherapie und Rauchentwöhnungsmitteln teil. 31 tabakabhängige Suchtpatienten ohne Rauchabstinenzmotivation bildeten die Vergleichsgruppe. 83% aller Probanden wiesen eine Alkoholabhängigkeit auf.
32,5% aller aufgenommenen tabakabhängigen Patienten nahmen an der Rauchentwöhnung teil. Probanden in der Rauchentwöhnungsgruppe konnten ihren durchschnittlichen Tabakkonsum signifikant zum Entlasszeitpunkt und beim Follow-up nach 3 Monaten reduzieren. 26% bzw. 16% der Probanden erreichten eine Tabakabstinenz zu den beiden Messzeitpunkten. Probanden der Therapie- und Vergleichsgruppe zeigten beim Follow-up identische Abstinenzquoten von der Abhängigkeit, die zur stationären Aufnahme geführt hatte (42,5% und 42,9%). Die Tabakabstinenz war dabei signifikant mit der Substanzabstinenz assoziiert.
Die Daten sprechen für eine hohe Bereitschaft zur Teilnahme an einer freiwilligen Rauchentwöhnungsbehandlung, welche erfolgreich im Rahmen einer qualifizierten Entzugstherapie angeboten werden kann, ohne dass hierdurch die Abstinenz von der komorbiden Abhängigkeit gefährdet wird.
Redirecting the agenda
Authors: Weimann Gabriel , Brosius Hans-Bernd 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSince its initial introduction, the paradigm of agenda-setting has become more refined and complex. In addition to the introduction of intervening factors the agenda-setting paradigm is now challenged by a rapidly changing media environment. This paper reviews the impact of online media technologies and digital platforms on the basic assumptions of the theory. The review sets out to reassess the conceptualization of the agenda-setting theorem by highlighting the development of new processes, attributes and features applicable to the online media. Our review, based on the findings of numerous studies on new media and agenda-setting, suggests several modifications of the basic theory.
The hematopoietic cell-specific transcription factor PU.1 is critical for expression of CD11c
Authors: Yashiro Takuya , Kasakura Kazumi , Oda Yoshihito , Kitamura Nao , Inoue Akihito , Nakamura Shusuke , Yokoyama Hokuto , Fukuyama Kanako , Hara Mutsuko , Ogawa Hideoki , Okumura Ko , Nishiyama Makoto , Nishiyama Chiharu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPU.1 is a hematopoietic cell-specific transcription factor belonging to the Ets family, which plays an important role in the development of dendritic cells (DCs). CD11c (encoded by Itgax) is well established as a characteristic marker of hematopoietic lineages including DCs. In the present study, we analyzed the role of PU.1 (encoded by Spi-1) in the expression of CD11c. When small interfering RNA (siRNA) for Spi-1 was introduced into bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), the mRNA level and cell surface expression of CD11c were dramatically reduced. Using reporter assays, the TTCC sequence at −56/−53 was identified to be critical for PU.1-mediated activation of the promoter. An EMSA showed that PU.1 directly bound to this region. ChIP assays demonstrated that a significant amount of PU.1 bound to this region on chromosomal DNA in BMDCs, which was decreased in LPS-stimulated BMDCs in accordance with the reduced levels of mRNAs of Itgax and Spi-1, and the histone acetylation degree. Enforced expression of exogenous PU.1 induced the expression of the CD11c protein on the cell surface of mast cells, whereas control transfectants rarely expressed CD11c. Quantitative RT–PCR also showed that the expression of a transcription factor Irf4, which is a partner molecule of PU.1, was reduced in PU.1-knocked down BMDCs. IRF4 transactivated the Itgax gene in a synergistic manner with PU.1. Taken together, these results indicate that PU.1 functions as a positive regulator of CD11c gene expression by directly binding to the Itgax promoter and through transactivation of the Irf4 gene.
Detection of faint broad emission lines in type 2 AGN – II. On the measurement of the black hole mass of type 2 AGN and the unified model
Authors: Onori F. , Ricci F. , La Franca F. , Bianchi S. , Bongiorno A. , Brusa M. , Fiore F. , Maiolino R. , Marconi A. , Sani E. , Vignali C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We report the virial measurements of the black hole (BH) mass of a sample of 17 type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGN), drawn from the Swift/BAT 70-month 14–195 keV hard X-ray catalogue, where a faint BLR component has been measured via deep NIR (0.8–2.5 μm) spectroscopy. We compared the type 2 AGN with a control sample of 33 type 1 AGN. We find that the type 2 AGN BH masses span the 5 &lt; log(MBH/M⊙) &lt; 7.5 range, with an average log(MBH/M⊙) = 6.7, which is ∼0.8 dex smaller than found for type 1 AGN. If type 1 and type 2 AGN of the same X-ray luminosity log($L_{\rm 14{\rm -}195}$/erg s−1) ∼ 43.5 are compared, type 2 AGN have 0.5 dex smaller BH masses than type 1 AGN. Although based on few tens of objects, this result disagrees with the standard AGN unification scenarios in which type 1 and type 2 AGN are the same objects observed along different viewing angles with respect to a toroidal absorbing material.
Heterogeneity of normal human breast stem and progenitor cells as revealed by transcriptional profiling
Authors: Colacino Justin A. , Azizi Ebrahim , Brooks Michael D. , Fouladdel Shamileh , McDermott Sean P. , Lee Michael , Hill David , Sartor Maureen A. , Rozek Laura S. , Wicha Max S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDuring development and pregnancy, the human mammary gland undergoes extensive remodeling in processes driven by populations of stem and progenitor cells. We recently reported that breast cancers are also hierarchically organized and driven by distinct populations of cancer stem cells characterized as CD44+CD24low/−or by expression of Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). These sets of markers identify largely non-overlapping mesenchymal and epithelial populations, each of which is capable of tumor initiation when transplanted into immunosuppressed mice. Less is known about these two populations, individually or their overlap, in the normal human mammary gland. The goal of this study was to understand the biology of the ALDH+and CD44+CD24−populations in the normal human breast, using flow cytometry based sorting paired with functionalex vivoanalyses, RNA-sequencing, and single cell RNA expression profiling. ALDH+cells and ALDH−CD44+CD24−cells, generally, have epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like characteristics, respectively. Despite this, there are substantial similarities in the biological pathways activated in both populations when compared to differentiated cells. Additionally, we found a substantial proportion of cells that simultaneously express ALDH+and CD44+CD24−whose abundance varies between individuals. At the single cell level, these cells have the greatest mammosphere forming capacity and express high levels of stemness and EMT-associated genes includingID1, SOX2, TWIST1, and ZEB2.Through unbiased analysis of individual ALDH+ cells, we find cells with either epithelial or mesenchymal expression phenotypes. We also identify a subpopulation of cells with a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal expression phenotype that overexpress genes associated with aggressive triple negative breast cancers. These results highlight the utility of single cell analyses to characterize tissue heterogeneity, even in marker enriched cell populations, and further identifies the genes and pathways that define this heterogeneity.
Gene knockout shows that PML (TRIM19) does not restrict the early stages of HIV-1 infection in human cell lines
Authors: Masroori Nasser , Cherry Pearl , Merindol Natacha , Li Jia-xin , Dufour Caroline , Poulain Lina , Plourde Mélodie B. , Berthoux Lionel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe PML (promyelocytic leukemia) protein is a member of the TRIM family, a large group of proteins that show high diversity in functions but possess a common tripartite motif giving the family its name. We and others recently reported that both murine PML (mPML) and human PML (hPML) strongly restrict the early stages of infection by HIV-1 and other lentiviruses when expressed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). This restriction activity was found to contribute to the type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 in MEFs. Additionally, PML caused transcriptional repression of the HIV-1 promoter in MEFs. By contrast, the modulation of the early stages of HIV-1 infection of human cells by PML has been investigated by RNAi with unclear results. In order to conclusively determine whether PML restricts HIV-1 or not in human cells, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out its gene in epithelial, lymphoid and monocytic human cell lines. Infection challenges showed that PML knockout had no effect on the permissiveness of these cells to HIV-1 infection. IFN-I treatments inhibited HIV-1 equally whether PML was expressed or not. Over-expression of individual hPML isoforms, or of mPML, in a human T cell line did not restrict HIV-1. The presence of PML was not required for the restriction of nonhuman retroviruses by TRIM5α was inhibited by arsenic trioxide through a PML-independent mechanism. We conclude that PML is not a restriction factor for HIV-1 in human cell lines representing diverse lineages.ImportancePML is involved in innate immune mechanisms against both DNA and RNA viruses. Although the mechanism by which PML inhibits highly divergent viruses is unclear, it was recently found that it can increase the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, whether human PML inhibits HIV-1 has been debated. Here we provide unambiguous, knockout-based evidence that PML does not restrict the early post-entry stages of HIV-1 infection in a variety of human cell types and does not participate in the inhibition of HIV-1 by IFN-I. Although this study does not exclude the possibility of other mechanisms by which PML may interfere with HIV-1, we nonetheless demonstrate that PML does not generally act as an HIV-1 restriction factor in human cells and that its presence is not required for IFN-I to stimulate the expression of anti-HIV-1 genes. These results contribute to uncovering the landscape of HIV-1 inhibition by ISGs in human cells.
Simulation Framework for Generating Intratumor Heterogeneity Patterns in a Cancer Cell Population
Authors: Iwasaki Watal M. , Innan Hideki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAs cancer cell populations evolve, they accumulate a number of somatic mutations, resulting in heterogeneous subclones in the final tumor. Understanding the mechanisms that produce intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is important for selecting the best treatment. Although some studies have involved ITH simulations, their model settings differed substantially. Thus, only limited conditions were explored in each. Herein, we developed a general framework for simulating ITH patterns and a simulator (tumopp). Tumopp offers many setting options so that simulations can be carried out under various settings. Setting options include how the cell division rate is determined, how daughter cells are placed, and how driver mutations are treated. Furthermore, to account for the cell cycle, we introduced a gamma function for the waiting time involved in cell division. Tumopp also allows simulations in a hexagonal lattice, in addition to a regular lattice that has been used in previous simulation studies. A hexagonal lattice produces a more biologically reasonable space than a regular lattice. Using tumopp, we investigated how model settings affect the growth curve and ITH pattern. It was found that, even under neutrality (with no driver mutations), tumopp produced dramatically variable patterns of ITH and tumor morphology, from tumors in which cells with different genetic background are well intermixed to irregular shapes of tumors with a cluster of closely related cells. This result suggests a caveat in analyzing ITH data with simulations with limited settings, and tumopp will be useful to explore ITH patterns in various conditions.Author SummaryUnderstanding the mechanisms that produce intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is important for selecting the best treatment. Despite a growing body of data and tools for analyzing ITH, the spatial structure and its evolution are poorly understood because of the lack of well established theoretical framework. Herein, we provide a general framework for simulating ITH patterns, under which a simulator (tumopp) is developed. Tumopp offers many setting options so that simulations can be carried out under various settings. Simulations using tumopp demonstrate that dramatically variable patterns of ITH and tumor morphology can be produced depending on the model setting. The present work provides a guideline for future simulation studies of cancer cell populations.