bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CaMK II γ down regulation protects dorsal root ganglion neurons from ropivacaine hydrochloride neurotoxicity
Authors: Wen Xian-Jie , Li Xiao-hong , Li Heng , Liang Hua , Yang Chen-Xiang , Wang Han-Bing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractT-type calcium channels are intimately involved in the local anesthetics neurotoxicity. Does CaMKIIγ regulate T-type calcium currents in local anesthetics neurotoxicity? This study generated pAd-CaMKIIγ and pAd-shRNA adenovirus vectors to up- and down-regulate CaMKIIγ mRNA expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG). Normal DRG (Normal group), empty vector DRG (Empty vector group), pAd-CaMKIIγ DRG (pAd-CaMKIIγ group) and pAd-shRNA DRG (pAd-shRNA group) were treated or untreated with 3 mM ropivacaine hydrochloride for 4 h. Cell viability, apoptosis rate, CaMKIIγ, pCaMKIIγ, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3 expression were detected. Ultrastructural changes in DRG were observed under a transmission electron microscope. The results demonstrated that the cell viability of DRG treated with ropivacaine hydrochloride decreased markedly, the apoptosis rate, CaMKIIγ, pCaMKIIγ, Cav3.2, Cav3.3 expression increased significantly. CaMKIIγ up-regulation aggravated ropivacaine hydrochloride-induced cell damage and increased Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 expression. In conclusion, CaMKIIγ regulated Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 expression in DRG, which was involved with ropivacaine hydrochloride-induced cell injury.
Transcriptional Regulation of Cellulose Biosynthesis during the Early Phase of Nitrogen Deprivation in Nannochloropsis salina
Authors: Jeong Seok Won , Nam Seung Won , HwangBo Kwon , Jeong Won Joong , Jeong Byeong-ryool , Chang Yong Keun , Park Youn-Il 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicroalgal photosynthesis provides energy and carbon-containing precursors for the biosynthesis of storage carbohydrates such as starch, chrysolaminarin, lipids, and cell wall components. Under mild nitrogen deficiency (N−), some Nannochloropsis species accumulate lipid by augmenting cytosolic fatty acid biosynthesis with a temporary increase in laminarin. Accordingly, biosynthesis of the cellulose-rich cell wall should change in response to N− stress because this biosynthetic pathway begins with utilisation of the hexose phosphate pool supplied from photosynthesis. However, few studies have characterised microalgal cell wall metabolism, including oleaginous Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae subjected to nitrogen deficiency. Here, we investigated N-induced changes in cellulose biosynthesis in N. salina. We observed that N− induced cell wall thickening, concurrently increased the transcript levels of genes coding for UDPG pyrophosphorylase and cellulose synthases, and increased cellulose content. Nannochloropsis salina cells with thickened cell wall were more susceptible to mechanical stress such as bead-beating and sonication, implicating cellulose metabolism as a potential target for cost-effective microalgal cell disruption.
Modular approach for bimodal antibacterial surfaces combining photo-switchable activity and sustained biocidal release
Authors: Pallavicini Piersandro , Bassi Barbara , Chirico Giuseppe , Collini Maddalena , Dacarro Giacomo , Fratini Emiliano , Grisoli Pietro , Patrini Maddalena , Sironi Laura , Taglietti Angelo , Moritz Marcel , Sorzabal-Bellido Ioritz , Susarrey-Arce Arturo , Latter Edward , Beckett Alison J. , Prior Ian A. , Raval Rasmita , Diaz Fernandez Yuri A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhoto-responsive antibacterial surfaces combining both on-demand photo-switchable activity and sustained biocidal release were prepared using sequential chemical grafting of nano-objects with different geometries and functions. The multi-layered coating developed incorporates a monolayer of near-infrared active silica-coated gold nanostars (GNS) decorated by silver nanoparticles (AgNP). This modular approach also enables us to unravel static and photo-activated contributions to the overall antibacterial performance of the surfaces, demonstrating a remarkable synergy between these two mechanisms. Complementary microbiological and imaging evaluations on both planktonic and surface-attached bacteria provided new insights on these distinct but cooperative effects.
Familial Associations of Colorectal Cancer with Other Cancers
Authors: Yu Hongyao , Hemminki Akseli , Sundquist Kristina , Hemminki Kari 
Published: July 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) has a strong familial component which extends to discordant cancers (ie non-CRC tumors). This is best seen in cancer syndromes such as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) which predisposes to several tumor types. Population-based family studies have also found discordant associations for CRC but they have included cancers which manifest in HNPCC, and there is no convincing evidence of discordant associations beyond the known syndromes. We address familial associations of non-CRC tumors with CRC using the resources of the Swedish Family-Cancer Database and applying a powerful approach of assessing familial relative risks in families of increasing numbers of patients with discordant cancers. Among 1.8 million cancer patients and over 200,000 CRC cases consistent familial associations of CRC was observed for several HNPCC related cancers. However, for small intestinal, pancreatic and nervous system cancers RRs remained essentially unchanged when potential HNPCC families were excluded, suggesting involvement of genes not related to HNPCC. Two independent associations of CRC were found for melanoma, thyroid and eye cancers and these appeared not to be related to known syndromes. A number of other cancers associated with CRC in single analyses and independent studies are required to assess the relevance of such findings.
Making the most of expert judgment in hazard and risk assessment of chemicals
Authors: Beronius A. , Ågerstrand M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Evaluation of the reliability and relevance of toxicity and ecotoxicity studies is an integral step in the assessment of the hazards and risks of chemicals. This evaluation is inherently reliant on expert judgment, which often leads to differences between experts' conclusions regarding how individual studies can contribute to the body of evidence. The conclusions of regulatory assessment, such as establishing safe exposure levels for humans and the environment and calculations of margins of exposure, may have large consequences for which chemicals are permitted on the market and their allowed uses. It is therefore important that such assessments are based on all reliable and relevant scientific data, and that assessment principles and assumptions, such as expert judgment, are transparently applied. It is not possible nor desirable to completely eliminate expert judgment from the evaluation of (eco)toxicity studies. However, it is desirable to introduce measures that increase structure and transparency in the evaluation process so as to provide scientifically robust risk assessments that can be used for regulatory decision making. In this article we present results from workshop exercises with Nordic experts to illustrate how experts' evaluations regarding the reliability and relevance of (eco)toxicity studies for risk assessment may vary and discuss methods intended to promote structure and transparency in the evaluation process.
Measuring Explicit Word Learning of Preschool Children: A Development Study
Authors: Kelley Elizabeth Spencer 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to present preliminary results related to the development of a new measure of explicit word learning. The measure incorporated elements of explicit vocabulary instruction and dynamic assessment and was designed to be sensitive to differences in word learning skill and to be feasible for use in clinical settings.

Method

The explicit word learning measure included brief teaching trials and repeated fine-grained measurement of semantic knowledge and production of 3 novel words (2 verbs and 1 adjective). Preschool children (
N
= 23) completed the measure of explicit word learning; standardized, norm-referenced measures of expressive and receptive vocabulary; and an incidental word learning task.

Results
The measure of explicit word learning provided meaningful information about word learning. Performance on the explicit measure was related to existing vocabulary knowledge and incidental word learning.

Conclusions
Findings from this development study indicate that further examination of the measure of explicit word learning is warranted. The measure may have the potential to identify children who are poor word learners.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5170738
Primary Lactase Deficiency among Malnourished Children with Persistent Diarrhea in Tbilisi, Georgia
Authors: Nemsadze Ketevan , Liluashvili Eka , Kikodze N. , Bakhtadze T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPersistent diarrhea became the major cause for diarrheal mortality in children from developing countries. This study was therefore designed to establish the prevalence of primary lactase deficiency and associated factors among mild malnourished children with persistent diarrhea. This was a prospective cohort study. The study population consisted of mild malnourished children with persistent diarrhea aged 3–24 months admitted between October 2014 and September 2015. The Gomez classification of malnutrition was used. A mild malnourished child was whose weight-for-height was less than 75%–90% of the median National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO reference median. The study included 78 malnourished children with persistent diarrhea 3–24 months of age. The prevalence of primary lactase deficiency among the study children was 41.0%. The reasons of persistent diarrhea in lactose tolerant group were: Rotavirus infection – 33.3%, Bacterial gastroenteritis –20.5% (Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) – 7.7%, Shigella – 6.4%, Yersinia enterocolitica – 3.8%, Salmonella – 2.6 %) and Gastroenteritis of unknown etiology – 5.1%. Only 4 children had Rotavirus infection in lactose intolerant group. The relationship between diarrhea and malnutrition is bidirectional: diarrhea leads to malnutrition while malnutrition aggravates the course of diarrhea. Lactose intolerance is a relatively common cause of persistent diarrhea. The most common cause of primary lactase deficiency is lactase enzyme non-persistence.
Central Nervous System Involvement in Pediatric Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Stanton Brielle , Knight Andrea 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement occurs in many pediatric systemic autoimmune diseases. These manifestations are often associated with increased morbidity and mortality and can have adverse long-term effects on neurodevelopmental, health-related, and quality-of-life outcomes. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on CNS involvement in pediatric systemic autoimmune diseases, compare diagnostic findings, and describe current treatments. CNS manifestations of pediatric systemic autoimmune disease present diagnostic and management challenges due to their relatively rare occurrence in children, the difficulty in confirming direct CNS involvement as opposed to secondary symptoms occurring as a consequence of systemic inflammation, and the need to define treatment strategies effective for CNS involvement.
A Rare Double Aneuploidy Case (Down–Klinefelter)
Authors: Bisgin Atil , Bozdogan Sevcan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDown's syndrome has its own dysmorphic findings and is accompanied by mental retardation and hypotonia. Klinefelter's syndrome is a syndrome caused by a numerical abnormality that affects male physical and cognitive development. This case reports a unique finding of 48,XXY, + 21 and a current literature review. A 4-month-old male patient presented with typical clinical features of Down's syndrome with hypothyroidism, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus without any phenotypic signs of Klinefelter's syndrome.
Osteoimmunology: Influence of the Immune System on Bone Regeneration and Consumption
Authors: Limmer Andreas , Wirtz Dieter 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background Stimulating bone regeneration is a central aim in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. Although the replacement of bone with artificial materials like cement or apatite helps to keep up bone stability, new bone often cannot be regenerated. Increasing research efforts have led to the clinical application of growth factors stimulating bone growth (e.g. bone morphogenic protein, BMP) and inhibitors preventing bone consumption (e.g. RANKL blocking antibodies). These factors mostly concentrate on stimulating osteoblast or preventing osteoclast activity.
Current Situation It is widely accepted that osteoblasts and osteoclasts are central players in bone regeneration. This concept assumes that osteoblasts are responsible for bone growth while osteoclasts cause bone consumption by secreting matrix-degrading enzymes such as cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). However, according to new research results, bone growth or consumption are not regulated by single cell types. It is rather the interaction of various cell types that regulates bone metabolism. While factors secreted by osteoblasts are essential for osteoclast differentiation and activation, factors secreted by activated osteoclasts are essential for osteoblast activity. In addition, recent research results imply that the influence of the immune system on bone metabolism has long been neglected. Factors secreted by macrophages or T cells strongly influence bone growth or degradation, depending on the bone microenvironment. Infections, sterile inflammation or tumour metastases not only affect bone cells directly, but also influence immune cells such as T cells indirectly. Furthermore, immune cells and bone are mechanistically regulated by similar factors such as cytokines, chemokines and transcription factors, suggesting that the definition of bone and immune cells has to be thought over.
Outlook Bone and the immune system are regulated by similar mechanisms. These newly identified similarities between bone and the immune system imply that medication developed for tumour and autoimmune patients could also be applied in bone diseases.
Einfluss osteoligamentärer Verletzungen auf die Stabilität des atlantoaxialen Komplexes
Authors: Meyer Carolin , Bredow Jan , Heising Elisa , Eysel Peer , Müller Lars , Stein Gregor 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Wichtigste Stabilisatoren des atlantoaxialen Komplexes sind der Dens axis und das Lig. transversum. Die Frage, inwiefern Verletzungen dieser beiden Strukturen zur Instabilität und einer möglichen Verengung des Spinalkanals beitragen, ist nur unzureichend geklärt. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war daher die biomechanische Analyse der Weite des Spinalkanals und der Dislokation des Dens axis in Abhängigkeit von Verletzungen der o. g. Strukturen.
Material und Methode An 10 frischen Humanpräparaten wurde unter Fluoroskopie eine physiologische Flexion und Extension im intakten Zustand sowie bei Densfraktur und nach Ruptur des Lig. transversum simuliert. Mittels Fluoroskopie wurden der Durchmesser des Spinalkanals und die Frakturdislokation gemessen.
Ergebnisse Im intakten Zustand wurde in Neutralposition die Weite des Spinalkanals mit 19,8 ± 1,7 mm bemessen. In Flexion wurden 19,5 ± 1,8 mm und in Extension 19,8 ± 1,8 mm gemessen. Nach Frakturierung betrugen die Werte 18,5/18,9/17,9 mm, nach additiver Ligamentruptur 20,3/19,4/22,6 mm. In der 2. Gruppe zeigten sich bei Ligamentruptur Werte von 18,6/16,2/17,3 mm und nach zusätzlicher Fraktur 16,6/14,1/18,7 mm. Die Dislokation der Fraktur wurde bei alleiniger Fraktur mit 2,2/2,5/2,5 mm und nach zusätzlicher Ligamentruptur mit 2,6/2,2/2,2 mm bestimmt. In der Gruppe, bei der zuerst die Ligamentruptur erfolgte, zeigten sich nach Fraktur Werte von 1,5/1,9/3,5 mm.
Schlussfolgerung Bereits ab einer Verengung des Spinalkanals von 2,0 mm werden neurologische Ausfälle beobachtet. In Relation zu den eigenen Ergebnissen zeigt sich, dass sowohl isolierte als auch kombinierte Verletzungen zu einer relevanten Verengung führen können. Unsere Ergebnisse stellen die große Bedeutung des Lig. transversum für die Stabilisierung des atlantoaxialen Komplexes heraus und zeigen die Relevanz der suffizienten Ruhigstellung nach entsprechenden Verletzungen.
Letzte Hilfe Kurs
Authors: Bollig Georg 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDie Mehrzahl der Menschen in Deutschland stirbt in Krankenhäusern und Pflegeheimen, obwohl sich viele Menschen wünschen zuhause zu sterben. Der Letzte Hilfe Kurs soll die Bevölkerung informieren und befähigen schwerkranke und sterbende Menschen begleiten und umsorgen zu können. Der Letzte Hilfe Kurs besteht aus 4 Modulen zu den Themen Begleiten und Umsorgen Sterbender; Vorsorgen und Entscheiden; Symptome lindern und Abschied nehmen. Die Kurse werden in der Bevölkerung mit großem Interesse aufgenommen. Die flächendeckende Implementierung von Letzte Hilfe Kursen kann helfen, die Bevölkerung zu informieren und möglicherweise dazu beitragen, mehr Menschen ein Sterben zuhause zu ermöglichen.
Empfehlungen von Pflegeexperten bei Mundtrockenheit in der Palliativsituation
Authors: Krumm Norbert , Küpper Horst 
Published: July 2017

SummaryMundtrockenheit (Xerostomie) ist ein häufiges Symptom in der Palliativsituation und wird in verschiedenen Studien mit einer Prävalenz von 10–70% angegeben 1. Experten empfehlen, dass die Ausprägung von Mundtrockenheit regelmäßig evaluiert werden soll, inklusive möglicher Ursachen (z. B. Medikamente), dem Grad der Belastung und einer Behandlungsbedürftigkeit. Die Maßnahmen zur Mundbefeuchtung sollen Gewohnheiten und Vorlieben des Betroffenen entsprechen und der Verbesserung des Wohlbefindens dienen. Dabei beruhen die palliativpflegerischen Maßnahmen in der Literatur überwiegend auf klinischer Erfahrung. Zweck dieser Untersuchung ist es, anhand einer online-basierten Befragung, die Empfehlungen von Pflegeexperten aus der Palliativversorgung in Deutschland zu erheben.
Cannabinoide in der Palliativmedizin
Authors: Keßler Jens 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDie Diskussion um Cannabinoide wird emotional geführt, oft werden die medizinische Anwendung und der nicht medizinische Konsum vermischt. Zusammen mit Vorurteilen gegenüber der Substanzgruppe und einer abwertenden Wortwahl führt das zum schambesetzten Umgang mit diesem Thema bei betroffenen Patienten in der Palliativsituation und zur Verunsicherung der Behandelnden.Der Artikel fasst die seit Januar 2017 geltenden gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen zusammen, erläutert die verfügbaren Produkte und deren Verordnungsmodalitäten. Basierend auf der aktuellen Studienlage werden die möglichen Einsatzgebiete mit palliativmedizinischem Fokus erörtert.
Initial Experience with the Transapical Access for TEVAR
Authors: Mahnken Andreas , Irqsusi Marc , Hundt Walter , Moosdorf Rainer 
Published: July 2017

Background The endovascular approach has become a mainstay in the treatment of aortic aneurysms. While the transfemoral approach is most commonly used, it is often inaccessible due to a vascular pathology, such as occlusion, tortuosity or heavy calcifications. The transapical access provides an alternative approach. The goal of this study is to report the feasibility of the transapical approach for total endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TEVAR).
Methods Three patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms with inaccessible femoral arteries underwent TEVAR via the transapical approach. For access, the apex of the left ventricle was exposed by a mini-thoracotomy. After left ventricular puncture, a stiff guidewire was placed through the aortic valve into the descending thoracic aorta. All stent grafts were delivered under fluoroscopic guidance.
Results All three procedures were technically successful with complete exclusion of the aneurysm without endoleak. One patient suffered spinal ischemia with subsequent paraplegia on day 4 after the procedure. The same patient died on day 43 after the procedure due to esophageal rupture. The two remaining patients did not present procedure-related problems. Conclusion The transapical access is a feasible and safe alternative to the transfemoral route in selected cases scheduled for TEVAR.
Key Points
Citation Format
Alles neu – und besser?
Authors: Gilles Irmgard 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Aktualisierung der KRINKO-Empfehlungen Auf die 2017 veröffentlichte Empfehlung der KRINKO zur „Prävention von Infektionen, die von
Gefäßkathetern ausgehen“ haben die Kliniken lange gewartet. Sie ist die Aktualisierung der Empfehlungen aus dem Jahre 2002. Ziel ist es, den
aktuellen Stand des medizinischen Wissens zu vermitteln und in den Einrichtungen zu implementieren. Dies soll eine Verbesserung und
Gewährleistung der Patientensicherheit der uns anvertrauten kranken Menschen bringen, indem wir einen großen Anteil von nosokomialen
Infektionen verhindern. Unsere Autorin Irmgard Gilles, Praxisanleiterin in der Intensivpflege, hat die neuen Empfehlungen unter die Lupe
genommen. Für sie bleiben viele Fragen offen.
Limbokeratoplastik bei gelatinöser Hornhautdystrophie
Authors: Lang Stefan , Böhringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die gelatinöse Hornhautdystrophie ist in Europa und Nordamerika eine sehr seltene Erkrankung. Meist kommt es vor dem 20. Lebensjahr zu Augenschmerzen, Fotophobie und Visusverlust. Aufgrund häufiger Rezidive nach konventioneller Keratoplastik wurde die Transplantation von Limbusstammzellen vorgeschlagen. Wir zeigen unsere Ergebnisse der Limbokeratoplastik, einer kombinierten Hornhaut- und Limbusstammzelltransplantation, bei dieser Indikation.
Methoden Wir präsentieren eine konsekutive Serie von 7 Augen mit gelatinöser Hornhautdystrophie, die wir mit einer Limbokeratoplastik versorgt haben. Vier Augen von 3 Patienten waren im Vorfeld teils mehrfach mit einer konventionellen Hornhauttransplantation versorgt worden. Wir beurteilten den Verlauf im Hinblick auf Rezidive der Hornhautdystrophie, Abstoßungsreaktionen, Transplantatüberleben und das Auftreten eines Sekundärglaukoms mit der Kaplan-Meier-Methode.
Ergebnisse Das mediane Alter bei Operation lag bei 35 Jahren. Postoperativ erfolgte bei allen Patienten eine Behandlung mit topischen Steroiden sowie systemisch mit Mycophenolat-Mofetil. Das mediane Transplantatüberleben nach Limbokeratoplastik lag bei 6 Jahren. Die mediane Zeit bis zum Auftreten eines Rezidivs lag bei 3 Jahren. Die erste endotheliale Abstoßungsreaktion trat im Median nach 2,5 Jahren auf.
Diskussion Die Limbokeratoplastik bietet die Möglichkeit, den Visus der Patienten über eine lange Zeitspanne wiederherzustellen. Die gelatinöse tropfenförmige Hornhautdystrophie bleibt aber dennoch eine therapeutische Herausforderung. Durch simultane Transplantation von Limbusstammzellen und einer klaren Hornhaut mittels Limbokeratoplastik sind Rezidive nicht dauerhaft zu verhindern. Dies hängt auch mit dem Absetzen einer ausreichenden lokalen und systemischen Immunmodulation zusammen.