bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in nutrient concentrations of leaves and roots in response to global change factors
Authors: Sardans Jordi , Grau Oriol , Chen Han Y. H. , Janssens Ivan A. , Ciais Philippe , Piao Shilong , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlobal change impacts on biogeochemical cycles have been widely studied, but our understanding of whether the responses of plant elemental composition to global change drivers differ between above‐ and belowground plant organs remains incomplete. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 201 reports including 1,687 observations of studies that have analyzed simultaneously N and P concentrations changes in leaves and roots in the same plants in response to drought, elevated [CO2], and N and P fertilization around the world, and contrasted the results within those obtained with a general database (838 reports and 14,772 observations) that analyzed the changes in N and P concentrations in leaves and/or roots of plants submitted to the commented global change drivers. At global level, elevated [CO2] decreased N concentrations in leaves and roots and decreased N:P ratio in roots but no in leaves, but was not related to P concentration changes. However, the response differed among vegetation types. In temperate forests, elevated [CO2] was related with lower N concentrations in leaves but not in roots, whereas in crops, the contrary patterns were observed. Elevated [CO2] decreased N concentrations in leaves and roots in tundra plants, whereas not clear relationships were observed in temperate grasslands. However, when elevated [CO2] and N fertilization coincided, leaves had lower N concentrations, whereas root had higher N concentrations suggesting that more nutrients will be allocated to roots to improve uptake of the soil resources not directly provided by the global change drivers. N fertilization and drought increased foliar and root N concentrations while the effects on P concentrations were less clear. The changes in N and P allocation to leaves and root, especially those occurring in opposite direction between them have the capacity to differentially affect above‐ and belowground ecosystem functions, such as litter mineralization and above‐ and belowground food webs.
Dynamics of sediment carbon stocks across intertidal wetland habitats of Moreton Bay, Australia
Authors: Hayes Matthew A. , Jesse Amber , Hawke Bruce , Baldock Jeff , Tabet Basam , Lockington David , Lovelock Catherine E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCoastal wetlands are known for high carbon storage within their sediments, but our understanding of the variation in carbon storage among intertidal habitats, particularly over geomorphological settings and along elevation gradients, is limited. Here, we collected 352 cores from 18 sites across Moreton Bay, Australia. We assessed variation in sediment organic carbon (OC) stocks among different geomorphological settings (wetlands within riverine settings along with those with reduced riverine influence located on tide‐dominated sand islands), across elevation gradients, with distance from shore and among habitat and vegetation types. We used mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy combined with analytical data and partial least squares regression to quantify the carbon content of ~2500 sediment samples and provide fine‐scale spatial coverage of sediment OC stocks to 150 cm depth. We found sites in river deltas had larger OC stocks (175–504 Mg/ha) than those in nonriverine settings (44–271 Mg/ha). Variation in OC stocks among nonriverine sites was high in comparison with riverine and mixed geomorphic settings, with sites closer to riverine outflow from the east and south of Moreton Bay having higher stocks than those located on the sand islands in the northwest of the bay. Sediment OC stocks increased with elevation within nonriverine settings, but not in riverine geomorphic settings. Sediment OC stocks did not differ between mangrove and saltmarsh habitats. OC stocks did, however, differ between dominant species across the research area and within geomorphic settings. At the landscape scale, the coastal wetlands of the South East Queensland catchments (17,792 ha) are comprised of approximately 4,100,000–5,200,000 Mg of sediment OC. Comparatively high variation in OC storage between riverine and nonriverine geomorphic settings indicates that the availability of mineral sediments and terrestrial derived OC may exert a strong influence over OC storage potential across intertidal wetland systems.
Diagnosing nocturnal paroxysmal hemoglobinuria: a single‐center 4‐year experience
Authors: Mercier T. , Devos T. , Mukovnikova M. , Boeckx N. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIntroductionParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease and can present as a wide range of signs and symptoms. As such, the indication for diagnostic testing forPNHis not always straightforward. Therefore, we analyzed all first‐time samples tested over a 56‐month period to determine the clinical settings with a high probability of detecting aPNHclone.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 323 first‐timePNHflow cytometry tests, includingLDH, cytopenias, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and clinical indication for testing as available at the time of testing.ResultsThe probability of finding aPNHclone was 47% in patients tested because of aplastic/hypoplastic bone marrow disorders, 10% inDAT‐negative hemolytic anemia (HA), 5% in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 3% in cytopenias other than HA, and 2% in thrombosis. When testing for another reason than the indications described before, there were no positive samples.ConclusionOur findings reinforce guidelines from the InternationalPNHInterest Group which suggest testing forPNHin the setting of unusual thrombosis,HA, aplastic/hypoplastic bone marrow disorders, orMDS, as these have a higher pretest probability. This probability drops to zero in our study in nonrecommended indications. This reflects the need for better education of clinicians about the diseasePNHand the indications for diagnostic testing.
Detection of Factor XIII deficiency: data from multicentre exercises amongst UK NEQAS and PRO‐RBDD project laboratories
Authors: Jennings I. , Kitchen S. , Menegatti M. , Palla R. , Walker I. , Makris M. , Peyvandi F. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIntroductionFXIII deficiency is a rare bleeding disorders, and specific FXIII assays are recommended to detect this deficiency. We investigated the performance and accuracy of FXIII investigations in two exercises, comparing centres enrolled in the PRO‐RBDD project (prospective data collection on patients with fibrinogen and Factor XIII deficiencies), and UK NEQAS BC centres.MethodsSamples from a FXIII deficient subject and a normal donor were sent to participating centres, to investigate for FXIII deficiency, and interpret their results. Median, coefficient of variation and range were determined.ResultsResults were returned from 98 UK NEQAS BC and 28 PRO‐RBDD centres. Up to 40% of UK NEQAS BC and 52% of PRO‐RBDD centres reported clot solubility results – with diagnostic errors by two NEQAS BC centres (false negatives for the FXIII deficient sample) and one PRO‐RBDD centre (false positive for the normal sample). Over 70% of UK NEQAS BC centres and PRO‐RBDD centres performed FXIII assays. Median results were similar between the two groups, with the exception of sample 3 in survey 2 (5.5 vs. 14.0 μ/dl for UK NEQAS BC and PRO‐RBDD centres respectively, P < 0.001). Diagnostic errors were made by 2 UK NEQAS BC centres.ConclusionApproximately 70% of centres now employ FXIII assays, complying with international recommendations. However, solubility tests continue to be used. Our data show this can be successful, depending on the sensitivity of the method in use. Diagnostic errors are made by centres using both solubility screens and FXIII assays, and laboratories should ensure good quality assurance procedures to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Point mutations in acetylcholinesterase 1 associated with chlorpyrifos resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål
Authors: Zhang Y. , Yang B. , Li J. , Liu M. , Liu Z. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInsecticide resistance frequently results from target‐site insensitivity, such as point mutations in acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) for resistance to organophosphates and carbamates. From a field‐originated population of Nilaparvata lugens, a major rice pest, a resistant population (R9) was obtained by nine‐generation continuous selection with chlorpyrifos. From the same field population, a relatively susceptible population (S9) was also constructed through rearing without any insecticides. Compared to the susceptible strain, Sus [medium lethal dose (LC50) = 0.012 mg/l], R9 had a resistance ratio (RR) of 253.08‐fold, whereas the RR of S9 was only 2.25‐fold. Piperonyl butoxide and triphenyl phosphate synergized chlorpyrifos in R9 less than three‐fold, indicating other important mechanisms for high resistance. The target‐site insensitivity was supported by the key property differences of crude AChEs between R9 and S9. Compared to S9, three mutations (G119S, F331C and I332L) were detected in NlAChE1 from individuals of the R9 and field populations, but no mutation was detected in NlAChE2. G119S and F331C could decreased insecticide sensitivities in recombinant NlAChE1, whereas I332L took effect through increasing the influence of F331C on target insensitivity. F331C might be deleterious because of its influence on the catalytic efficiency of NlAChE1, whereas I332L would decrease these adverse effects and maintain the normal functions of AChEs.
Language disorder and retrospectively reported sexual abuse of girls: severity and disclosure
Authors: Brownlie E.B. , Graham Eva , Bao Lin , Koyama Emiko , Beitchman Joseph H. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundDespite emerging evidence for an association between communication disorders and maltreatment, little research has examined sexual abuse characteristics or disclosure experiences among individuals with language disorder (LD). Given that communication difficulties may constitute a barrier to disclosure, the disclosure experiences among individuals with and without communication difficulties may also differ.MethodsFive‐year‐old children identified with a language and/or speech disorder from a nonclinical community sample and a control group were followed to adulthood in a prospective longitudinal study. At age 31, participants completed a behaviorally specific questionnaire on experiences of sexual abuse and questionnaires on disclosure experiences and social reactions to disclosure. Due to low endorsement of sexual victimization among male participants and low sample size, results are reported for women only and exclude nine participants with speech disorder without LD. Participation rates were 28 of 40 in the LD cohort and 45 of 51 controls. Sexual victimization severity was defined using an index combining five indicators (duration, invasiveness, relationship to perpetrator, coercive tactics used, and number of perpetrators). Subthreshold sexual victimization was defined as a single, noncontact incident with a perpetrator unknown to the child; experiences with greater severity were classified as child sexual abuse.ResultsAmong women who reported sexual victimization by age 18, invasiveness and overall severity were greater in the LD cohort than in the control cohort. Women in the LD cohort (43%) were more likely than controls (16%) to report child sexual abuse, excluding subthreshold experiences. There were no differences between cohorts in probability of disclosure, latency to disclosure, or social reactions.ConclusionsWomen with a history of child LD in a nonclinical sample reported substantial child sexual abuse experiences. Implications for understanding associations between LD and mental health and for prevention and early intervention are discussed.
Association Between Vascular Pathology and Rate of Cognitive Decline Independent of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology
Authors: Ezzati Ali , Wang Cuiling , Lipton Richard B. , Altschul Dorothea , Katz Mindy J. , Dickson Dennis W. , Derby Carol A. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the association between vascular pathology and rate of cognitive decline in older adults independent of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCommunity sample.ParticipantsIndividuals from the Einstein Aging Study autopsy series (N = 62).MeasurementsThe Blessed Information‐Memory‐Concentration (BIMC) test was used to assess global cognitive status. AD pathology was quantified according to Braak stage (<3 vs ≥ 3). Vascular pathology was quantified using a previously reported macrovascular lesion (MVL) score. The association between vascular pathology and antemortem rates of cognitive decline adjusted for level of AD pathology was assessed using linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsMean age was 81.8 at enrollment and 89.0 at death. Participants with more than two MVLs had faster cognitive decline than those with no MVLs (difference in annual rate of change in BIMC 0.74 points/yr, P = .03). Braak stage was also associated with cognitive decline (difference 0.57 points/yr, P = .03). The difference in rate of cognitive decline between those with more than two MVLs and those free of vascular lesions persisted after adjustment for AD pathology (difference in rate of change in BIMC 0.68 points/yr, P = .04). The effect of vascular pathology on cognitive decline was not significantly different according to AD pathology.ConclusionVascular brain pathology is associated with rate of cognitive decline after adjusting for level of AD pathology.
International Guillain‐Barré Syndrome Outcome Study: protocol of a prospective observational cohort study on clinical and biological predictors of disease course and outcome in Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Jacobs Bart C. , van den Berg Bianca , Verboon Christine , Chavada Govindsinh , Cornblath David R. , Gorson Kenneth C. , Harbo Thomas , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Hughes Richard A. C. , Kusunoki Susumu , van Doorn Pieter A. , Willison Hugh J. ,   the IGOS Consortium
Published: April 2017

AbstractGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyradiculoneuropathy with a highly variable clinical presentation, course, and outcome. The factors that determine the clinical variation of GBS are poorly understood which complicates the care and treatment of individual patients. The protocol of the ongoing International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS), a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study that aims to identify the clinical and biological determinants and predictors of disease onset, subtype, course and outcome of GBS is presented here. Patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for GBS, regardless of age, disease severity, variant forms, or treatment, can participate if included within 2 weeks after onset of weakness. Information about demography, preceding infections, clinical features, diagnostic findings, treatment, course, and outcome is collected. In addition, cerebrospinal fluid and serial blood samples for serum and DNA is collected at standard time points. The original aim was to include at least 1,000 patients with a follow‐up of 1–3 years. Data are collected via a web‐based data entry system and stored anonymously. IGOS started in May 2012 and by January 2017 included more than 1,400 participants from 143 active centers in 19 countries across 5 continents. The IGOS data/biobank is available for research projects conducted by expertise groups focusing on specific topics including epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinimetrics, electrophysiology, antecedent events, antibodies, genetics, prognostic modeling, treatment effects, and long‐term outcome of GBS. The IGOS will help to standardize the international collection of data and biosamples for future research of GBS.
Cross‐cultural adaptation, reliability and construct validity of the Tampa scale for kinesiophobia for temporomandibular disorders (TSK/TMD‐Br) into Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Aguiar A. S. , Bataglion C. , Visscher C. M. , Bevilaqua Grossi D. , Chaves T. C. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryFear of movement (kinesiophobia) seems to play an important role in the development of chronic pain. However, for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), there is a scarcity of studies about this topic. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for TMD (TSK/TMD) is the most widely used instrument to measure fear of movement and it is not available in Brazilian Portuguese. The purpose of this study was to culturally adapt the TSK/TMD to Brazilian Portuguese and to assess its psychometric properties regarding internal consistency, reliability, and construct and structural validity. A total of 100 female patients with chronic TMD participated in the validation process of the TSK/TMD‐Br. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for statistical analysis of reliability (test–retest), Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency, Spearman's rank correlation for construct validity and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for structural validity. CFA endorsed the pre‐specified model with two domains and 12‐items (Activity Avoidance – AA/Somatic Focus – SF) and all items obtained a loading factor greater than 0·4. Acceptable levels of reliability were found (ICC > 0·75) for all questions and domains of the TSK/TMD‐Br. For internal consistency, Cronbach's α of 0·78 for both domains were found. Moderate correlations (0·40 < r < 0.60) were observed for 84% of the analyses conducted between TSK/TMD‐Br scores versus catastrophising, depression and jaw functional limitation. TSK/TMD‐Br 12 items and two‐factor demonstrated sound psychometric properties (transcultural validity, reliability, internal consistency and structural validity). In such a way, the instrument can be used in clinical settings and for research purposes.
Time to cranial computerised tomography for acute traumatic brain injury in paediatric patients: Effect of the shorter stays in emergency departments target in New Zealand
Authors: Jones Peter G , Kool Bridget , Dalziel Stuart , Shepherd Michael , Le Fevre James , Harper Alana , Wells Susan , Stewart Joanna , Curtis Elana , Reid Papaarangi , Ameratunga Shanthi 
Published: April 2017

AimTimely access to computerised tomography (CT) for acute traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) facilitates rapid diagnosis and surgical intervention. In 2009, New Zealand introduced a mandatory target for emergency department (ED) stay such that 95% of patients should leave ED within 6 h of arrival. This study investigated whether this target influenced the timeliness of cranial CT scanning in children who presented to ED with acute TBI.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed a random sample of charts of children <15 years with acute TBI from 2006 to 2012. Cases were identified using International Classification of Disease 10 codes consistent with TBI. General linear models investigated changes in time to CT and other indicators before and after the shorter stays in ED target was introduced in 2009.ResultsAmong the 190 cases eligible for study (n = 91 pre‐target and n = 99 post‐target), no significant difference was found in time to CT scan pre‐ and post‐target: least squares mean (LSM) with 95% confidence interval = 68 (56–81) versus 65 (53–78) min, respectively, P = 0.66. Time to neurosurgery (LSM 8.7 (5–15) vs. 5.1 (2.6–9.9) h, P = 0.19, or hospital length of stay (LSM: 4.9 (3.9–6.3) vs. 5.2 (4.1–6.7) days, P = 0.69) did not change significantly. However, ED length of stay decreased by 45 min in the post‐target period (LSM = 211 (187–238) vs. 166 (98–160) min, P = 0.006).ConclusionImplementation of the shorter stays in ED target was not associated with a change in the time to CT for children presenting with acute TBI, but an overall reduction in the time spent in ED was apparent.
On the pull: periplasmic trapping of sugars before transport
Authors: Thomas Gavin H. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBacteria have evolved many routes for taking up nutrients, demonstrating great versatility in the types and mechanism of uptake used in different physiological conditions. The discovery of a single transporter in the bacterium Advenella mimigardefordensis for the uptake of five different sugars, including L‐glucose and D‐xylose, is described in this issue (Meinert et al., ), providing yet another example of the surprising adaptability of bacterial transport strategies. The transporter identified is a tripartite ATP‐independent (TRAP) transporter, not previously associated with sugar transport, and in fact does not transport the sugars directly at all, rather requiring them to be converted in the periplasm to their respective sugar acid forms before transport through what appears to be a novel general sugar acid transporter. In this commentary, I describe how this process is consistent with the known mechanisms of TRAP transporters and consider how the role of sugar oxidation, or oxidative fermentation, operates with multiple hexose and pentose sugars. Finally I suggest that the periplasmic conversion of nutrients acquired across the outer membrane, before transport across the inner membrane, could have potentially useful biological functions in Gram negative bacteria.
Carbohydrate uptake in Advenella mimigardefordensis strain DPN7T is mediated by periplasmic sugar oxidation and a TRAP‐transport system
Authors: Meinert Christina , Senger Jana , Witthohn Marco , Wübbeler Jan Hendrik , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn this study, we investigated an SBP (DctPAm) of a tripartite ATP‐independent periplasmic transport system (TRAP) in Advenella mimigardefordensis strain DPN7T. Deletion of dctPAm as well as of the two transmembrane compounds of the tripartite transporter, dctQ and dctM, impaired growth of A. mimigardefordensis strain DPN7T, if cultivated on mineral salt medium supplemented with d‐glucose, d‐galactose, l‐arabinose, d‐fucose, d‐xylose or d‐gluconic acid, respectively. The wild type phenotype was restored during complementation studies of A. mimigardefordensis ΔdctPAm using the broad host vector pBBR1MCS‐5::dctPAm. Furthermore, an uptake assay with radiolabeled [14C(U)]‐d‐glucose clearly showed that the deletion of dctPAm, dctQ and dctM, respectively, disabled the uptake of this aldoses in cells of either mutant strain. Determination of KD performing thermal shift assays showed a shift in the melting temperature of DctPAm in the presence of d‐gluconic acid (KD 11.76 ± 1.3 µM) and the corresponding aldonic acids to the above‐mentioned carbohydrates d‐galactonate (KD 10.72 ± 1.4 µM), d‐fuconic acid (KD 13.50 ± 1.6 µM) and d‐xylonic acid (KD 8.44 ± 1.0 µM). The sugar (glucose) dehydrogenase activity (E.C.1.1.5.2) in the membrane fraction was shown for all relevant sugars, proving oxidation of the molecules in the periplasm, prior to transport.