bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying errors in surface ozone predictions associated with clouds over CONUS: A WRF-Chem modeling study using satellite cloud retrievals
Authors: Ryu Young-Hee , Hodzic Alma , Barre Jerome , Descombes Gael , Minnis Patrick 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Clouds play a key role in radiation and hence O3 photochemistry by modulating photolysis rates and light-dependent emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). It is not well known, however, how much error in O3 predictions can be directly attributed to that in cloud predictions. This study applies the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) at 12 km horizontal resolution with the Morrison microphysics and Grell 3D cumulus parameterization to quantify uncertainties in summertime surface O3 predictions associated with the cloudiness over contiguous United States (CONUS). To evaluate the model's own clouds and to restrain the growth of model errors, the model is driven by reanalysis atmospheric data and reinitialized every 2 days. In sensitivity simulations, cloud fields used for photochemistry are corrected based on satellite cloud retrievals. The results show that WRF-Chem predicts about 55 % of clouds in the right locations and generally underpredicts cloud optical depths. These errors in cloud predictions can lead up to 60 ppb overestimation in hourly surface O3 concentrations on some days. The average difference in summertime surface O3 concentrations derived from the modeled clouds and satellite clouds ranges from 1 to 6 ppb for the 8-h average O3 over CONUS. This represents up to ~ 40 % of the total 8-h average O3 bias under cloudy conditions in the tested model version, and the results are robust with respect to the choice of the microphysics scheme. Surface O3 concentrations are sensitive to cloud errors mainly through the calculation of photolysis rates (for ~ 80 %), and to a lesser extent to light-dependent BVOC emissions. The sensitivity of surface O3 to satellite-based cloud corrections is about 2 times larger in VOC-limited than NOX-limited regimes. Our results suggest that the benefits of accurate predictions of cloudiness would be significant in VOC-limited regions which are typical of urban areas.
Searching for the 27-day solar rotational cycle in lightning events recorded in old diaries in Kyoto from the 17th to 18th century
Authors: Miyahara Hiroko , Aono Yasuyuki , Kataoka Ryuho 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A solar rotational period of approximately 27 days has been detected in cloud and lightning activities, although the mechanism of the sun–climate connection remains unclear. In previous studies, lightning activity in Japan showed a significant signal of the solar rotational period, especially around the maxima of the decadal solar cycles. Here we analyze the time series of lightning activity in the AD 1668–1767 period, extracted from old diaries in Kyoto, Japan, and search for the signal of solar rotational cycles. The 27-day cycles were detected in the lightning data and occurred only around the maxima of the decadal sunspot cycles. The signal disappeared during AD 1668–1715, which corresponds to the latter half of the Maunder Minimum when both radiative and magnetic disturbances were thought to have been weak. These findings provide insight into the connection between solar activity and the Earth's climate.
Monitoring tropical debris-covered glacier dynamics from high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, Cordillera Blanca, Peru
Authors: Wigmore Oliver , Mark Bryan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The glaciers of the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, are rapidly retreating and thinning as a result of climate change, altering the timing, quantity and quality of water available to downstream users. Furthermore, increases in the number and size of proglacial lakes associated with these melting glaciers is increasing potential exposure to glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Understanding how these glaciers are changing and their connection to proglacial lake systems is thus of critical importance. Most satellite data are too coarse for studying small mountain glaciers and are often affected by cloud cover, while traditional airborne photogrammetry and lidar are costly. Recent developments have made unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) a viable and potentially transformative method for studying glacier change at high spatial resolution, on demand and at relatively low cost.Using a custom designed hexacopter built for high-altitude (4000–6000 m a. s. l. ) operation, we completed repeat aerial surveys (2014 and 2015) of the debris-covered Llaca Glacier tongue and proglacial lake system. High-resolution orthomosaics (5 cm) and digital elevation models (DEMs) (10 cm) were produced and their accuracy assessed. Analysis of these datasets reveals highly heterogeneous patterns of glacier change. The most rapid areas of ice loss were associated with exposed ice cliffs and meltwater ponds on the glacier surface. Considerable subsidence and low surface velocities were also measured on the sediments within the pro-glacial lake, indicating the presence of extensive regions of buried ice and continued connection to the glacier tongue. Only limited horizontal retreat of the glacier tongue was observed, indicating that measurements of changes in aerial extent alone are inadequate for monitoring changes in glacier ice quantity.
Analysis of ice shelf flexure and its InSAR representation in the grounding zone of the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf
Authors: Rack Wolfgang , King Matt A. , Marsh Oliver J. , Wild Christian T. , Floricioiu Dana 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We examine tidal flexure in the grounding zone of the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, using a combination of TerraSAR-X repeat-pass radar interferometry, a precise digital elevation model, and GPS ground validation data. Satellite and field data were acquired in tandem between October and December 2014. Our GPS data show a horizontal modulation of up to 60 % of the vertical displacement amplitude at tidal periods within a few kilometres of the grounding line. We ascribe the observed oscillatory horizontal motion to varying bending stresses and account for it using a simple elastic beam model. The horizontal surface strain is removed from nine differential interferograms to obtain precise bending curves. They reveal a fixed (as opposed to tidally migrating) grounding-line position and eliminate the possibility of significant upstream bending at this location. The consequence of apparent vertical motion due to uncorrected horizontal strain in interferometric data is a systematic mislocation of the interferometric grounding line by up to the order of one ice thickness, or several hundred metres. While our field site was selected due to its simple boundary conditions and low background velocity, our findings are relevant to other grounding zones studied by satellite interferometry, particularly studies looking at tidally induced velocity changes or interpreting satellite-based flexure profiles.
Internal retinal layer thickness and macular migration after internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery
Authors: Faria Mun Y. , Ferreira Nuno P. , Mano Sofia , Cristóvao Diana M. , Sousa David C. , Monteiro-Grillo Manuel E. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: To provide a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-based analysis of retinal layers thickness and nasal displacement of closed macular hole after internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery. Methods: In this nonrandomized prospective interventional study, 36 eyes of 32 patients were subjected to pars plana vitrectomy and 3.5 mm diameter internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for idiopathic macular hole (IMH). Nasal and temporal internal retinal layer thickness were assessed with SD-OCT. Each scan included optic disc border so that distance between optic disc border and fovea were measured. Results: Thirty-six eyes had a successful surgery with macular hole closure. Total nasal retinal thickening (p<0.001) and total temporal retinal thinning (p<0.0001) were observed. Outer retinal layers increased thickness after surgery (nasal p<0.05 and temporal p<0.01). Middle part of inner retinal layers (mIRL) had nasal thickening (p<0.001) and temporal thinning (p<0.05). The mIRL was obtained by deducting ganglion cell layer (GCL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness from overall thickness of the inner retinal layer. Papillofoveal distance was shorter after ILM peeling in macular hole surgery (3,651 ± 323 μm preoperatively and 3,361 ± 279 μm at 6 months; p<0.0001). Conclusions: Internal limiting membrane peel is associated with important alteration in inner retinal layer architecture, with thickening of mIRL and shortening of papillofoveal distance. These factors may contribute to recovery of disrupted foveal photoreceptor and vision improvement after IMH closure.
Depression and anxiety in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Lundgren Scott , Poon Cecilia Y.M. , Selim Ahmed , Lowes Brian D. , Zolty Ronald , Burdorf Adam , Potashnik-Peled Yael , Moulton Michael J. , Um John Y. , Raichlin Eugenia 
Published: November 2017

Background: Depression and anxiety are associated with a worse prognosis in heart failure patients. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of depression and anxiety in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) candidates and assess their effect on post-LVAD outcomes. Methods: Based on the pre-LVAD psychological assessment, the total cohort of 246 patients were divided into 4 groups: 1) no depression or anxiety (NDep&Anx group, n = 138); 2) isolated depression (Dep group, n = 42); 3) isolated anxiety (Anx group, n = 32), and 4) combined depression and anxiety (Dep&Anx group, n = 34). Results: The Dep&Anx group was associated with higher prevalence of female gender (p = 0.03), higher body mass index (p = 0.03), elevated E/E’ (p = 0.003), and increased Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) XI score (p = 0.04) prior to LVAD as compared to the other 3 subgroups. The prevalence of other major psychiatric disorders (p = 0.03) and narcotic dependence (p = 0.004) was higher in the Dep&Anx group. Post-LVAD implantation, heart rate and filling pressures were elevated and readmission rate was higher (p = 0.001) in the Dep&Anx group. There was no difference in survival between the groups (p = 0.40, Log-Rank test). Conclusions: Pre-existing anxiety and depression was associated with worse HF pre- and post-LVAD implantation and higher readmissions rate after LVAD implantation.
“He could not call to mind his father's face”: Oedipal Collapse and Literary Decline in the Border Trilogy
Authors: Christie James William 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article offers an intervention in one of the most significant critical debates to arise from Cormac McCarthy's Border Trilogy. This is the debate surrounding the trilogy's refusal of the normative conventions of the Bildungsroman and apparent withdrawal into regressive, deflationary and otherwise anticlimactic formations at the levels of narrative, character, and language. The essay argues that, while often compelling, previous engagements with this issue (for instance by James Lilley, Andrew Hoberek, and Gail Moore Morrison) have failed to register the significance of McCarthy's antipathy toward literary production and his own biographical and institutional position as an author as the source of this structural regression. The article then reads the trilogy on the basis of this antipathetic relationship with its own literary form, placing particular emphasis on the allegorical function of the collapse of paternal authority and the cultivation of a postmodern philosophy of subjectivity, which is primarily rooted in Lacanian psychology. This reading aims in particular to highlight the significance of the links that exist between this textual logic displayed in the trilogy and a wider contemporary historical backdrop, which is defined in terms of a national crisis of literary production.
How Close a Reader of Emerson Is Stanley Cavell?
Authors: Urbas Joseph 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
This article examines Stanley Cavell's method of reading Emerson—and finds it wanting in rigor and fidelity to the original. Though Cavell declares himself to be among those “who care about the Emersonian text,” who are “concerned to preserve the order of words of the Emersonian text,” there is a substantial amount of evidence that this is not always the case. A close reading of Cavell's readings of Emerson reveals a pattern of misconstrual and misquotation whose effect is to strip away the “otherness” of Emerson's words and further the project of refashioning him as a secular, skeptical, postmetaphysical thinker.
Ful-filling the Copula, Determining Nature: The Grammatical Ontology of Hegel's Metaphysics
Authors: Reid Jeffrey 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Both Continental and analytic traditions have tended to associate Hegel's idealism with metaphysics and therefore as divorced from and even pernicious to reality. Hence, contemporary Hegel studies have tended to concentrate on discrete elements of his philosophy while attempting to avoid its metaphysical dimensions and their systematic pretensions. I seek to show that rather than dwelling in abstraction, Hegel's metaphysics, as presented in his Logics, recount the thought determinations through which being comes to be grounded and, thus, scientifically knowable as nature. Such categorical determining is essentially linguistic, taking place through the grammatical forms of judgment (Urteil) and their outcome in the syllogism. The centrality of these grammatical forms reveals the anthropological goal of Hegel's metaphysics, where the fully determined copula of judgment presents itself as the object of natural science, for us.
Aboriginal Rights Litigation, Negotiation, and Practice among the Metis of BC: Community Perspectives on Creating Legal Change
Authors: Sloan Kerry 
Published: November 2017

This paper examines the perspectives of Metis people in the southern BC interior about how to deal with the rejection by the courts of all three Metis rights claims in the province. The perspectives of those directly involved in the three cases, along with community members in the subject areas (Thompson/Shuswap, south Okanagan, Kootenays) reveal that people generally prefer negotiation to litigation in the BC context, as lack of understanding of Metis history, territories and communities in BC creates difficulties for BC Metis litigants. Negotiation was viewed favourably by participants, but continuing to practise rights was seen as more important than gaining state recognition of rights.
Métis-Crown Relations Through an International Treaty Lens
Authors: Gunn Brenda , Rieger Bryn 
Published: November 2017

From 16th century, through until the 19th century, European nations signed many treaties with Indigenous peoples based on mutual understandings, grounded in both European and Indigenous legal principles, recognizing Indigenous peoples’ sovereignty and capacity to enter into Treaties. Despite this early international treaty-making context, there is often an assumption that Indigenous peoples lacked the international standing to conclude international treaties with other (European) nations. It is further assumed that Métis people never concluded treaties with the Crown. This article argues that the agreement that led to the passing of the Manitoba Act, 1870 meets the requirements for a valid treaty in international law, based on international law at the time. This article builds off growing literature that recognizes Indigenous-state treaties as international in character. Recognizing the international character of the agreement is critical to re-establishing the nation-to-nation relationship between Canada and Métis peoples.
Friction Evolution of Granitic Faults: Heating Controlled Transition From Powder Lubrication to Frictional Melt
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Elwood Madden Andrew S. , Reches Ze'ev 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe experimental shearing of granitic faults revealed complex evolution of strength and microstructure. We use a rotary shear apparatus to shear three types of granitic rocks at moderate slip velocity of 0.01–0.11 m/s, normal stress of 1.0–6.8 MPa, and slip distance up to 60 m. Three stages of strength evolution with slip distance were systematically observed. In Stage I, faults exhibited initial weakening in which the friction coefficient dropped to a steady state level of μ ≈ 0.3. This weakening is associated with powder lubrication and the development of cohesive gouge layers. Stage II included strengthening to μ ≈ 0.5 associated with volumetric expansion, melting of fault patches, and viscous braking at these patches. In Stage III, fault weakening is due to melt lubrication when the melted patches reach a critical fraction of the fault surface area. We show that this complex weakening‐strengthening‐weakening evolution is controlled by thermally activated deformation processes that can explain the friction behavior of igneous rocks at seismic velocity range.
Dust Uplift Potential in the Central Sahel: An Analysis Based on 10 years of Meteorological Measurements at High Temporal Resolution
Authors: Bergametti G. , Marticorena B. , Rajot J. L. , Chatenet B. , Féron A. , Gaimoz C. , Siour G. , Coulibaly M. , Koné I. , Maman A. , Zakou A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA 10 year data set of wind speed and precipitation recorded in two Sahelian stations located in Niger and Mali is used to investigate the duration and the diurnal and seasonal cycles of high wind speeds and Dust Uplift Potential (DUP). The results indicate that high wind speeds, those greater than the threshold wind velocity required to initiate wind erosion (TWV) over a bare soil occurred in the middle and late morning during the dry and wet seasons but also at nighttime during the wet season. However, the morning wind speeds are only slightly greater than TWV leading to low DUP. On the opposite, the high wind velocities associated to the nocturnal mesoscale convective systems crossing the Sahel during the wet season are responsible for the highest potential wind erosion events. This leads to a strong seasonality of DUP with more than 70% occurring in less than 90 days, from mid‐April to mid‐July. The duration of the high wind speed events is very short since more than 80% last for less than 3 h, suggesting that the frequency of the observations performed in SYNOP meteorological stations is not sufficient to correctly quantify the contribution of such events to DUP. Finally, by combining precipitation and DUP, we estimated that precipitation should have a relatively limited role in terms of inhibition of wind erosion in this region with precipitation only affecting 25% of total DUP.
Oxylipins: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction and Action
Authors: Wasternack Claus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionα‐Dioxygenase, Phytoprostanes and Electrophile CompoundsTheLOXPathwayMutants inJABiosynthesis and inJASignalingJA,OPDAand Related Compounds in Plant‐Defense ReactionsJAin DevelopmentConcluding RemarksAcknowledgements
The Genetic Control of Senescence Revealed by Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci
Authors: Ougham Helen , Armstead Ian , Howarth Catherine , Galyuon Isaac , Donnison Iain , Thomas Howard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areQuantitative Traits – What They are and How They are MappedBiomarkers of the Senescence ProcessCorrelated Developmental Events as Second‐Order Senescence TraitsG×Eand the Contribution of Biotic and Abiotic FactorsCase StudiesExploitation ofQTLMapping for Senescence TraitsQTL, Senescence, Ageing and DeathAcknowledgments
Ligandengesteuerte divergente Synthese von carbo‐ und heterocyclischen Ringsystemen
Authors: Lee Yen‐Chun , Kumar Kamal , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMit katalytischen Reaktionen zur selektiven und effizienten Herstellung von verschiedenen Produkten lassen sich neue chemische Räume explorieren. Bei der ligandengesteuerten divergenten Synthese wird eine gängige Katalysemethode abgewandelt, indem unterschiedliche Liganden an metallorganischen Komplexen verwendet werden, um gleiche Substrate oder gleiche reaktive Zwischenstufen in verschiedenartige wichtige Molekülgerüste umzuwandeln. Mithilfe dieser Strategie können neue Arten von katalytischen Umwandlungen für weiterführende Anwendungen entwickelt werden. Jüngste Bemühungen auf diesem Gebiet mit dem Fokus auf der Übergangsmetallkatalyse für die Synthese von carbo‐ und heterocyclischen Ringsystemen sind hier zusammengetragen.
On the Non‐Metallicity of 2.2 nm Au246(SR)80 Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhou Meng , Zeng Chenjie , Song Yongbo , Padelford Jonathan W. , Wang Gangli , Sfeir Matthew Y. , Higaki Tatsuya , Jin Rongchao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe transition from molecular to plasmonic behaviour in metal nanoparticles with increasing size remains a central question in nanoscience. We report that the giant 246‐gold‐atom nanocluster (2.2 nm in gold core diameter) protected by 80 thiolate ligands is surprisingly non‐metallic based on UV/Vis and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy as well as electrochemical measurements. Specifically, the Au246 nanocluster exhibits multiple excitonic peaks in transient absorption spectra and electron dynamics independent of the pump power, which are in contrast to the behaviour of metallic gold nanoparticles. Moreover, a prominent oscillatory feature with frequency of 0.5 THz can be observed in almost all the probe wavelengths. The phase and amplitude analysis of the oscillation suggests that it arises from the wavepacket motion on the ground state potential energy surface, which also indicates the presence of a small band‐gap and thus non‐metallic or molecular‐like behaviour.
TTT‐diagram for epoxy film adhesives using quasi‐isothermal scans with initial fast ramps
Authors: Puentes John , Chaloupka Alexander , Rudolph Natalie , Osswald Tim A. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe characterization of film adhesives is challenging because they required freezer storage, contain an inseparable filler—thermoplastic knit or fiber‐reinforcement, and are heat activated systems with a pre‐cure and unknown chemistry. A testing protocol that eliminates these sources of error is proposed. This study presents a method to generate time–temperature‐transformation (TTT) diagrams of epoxy film adhesives via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Non‐isothermal and isothermal DSC scans are used to capture the reaction and the glass transition temperature. The use of an initial fast ramp—up to 500 K/min—in the isothermal scans is explored for the first time. This technique shows the potential to produce a quasi‐isothermal cycle, eliminating the loss of data in the initial stage of the reaction. The total heat released, the activation energy, and the fractional kinetic parameter, are estimated via model‐free methods. The Kamal–Sourour model and the formal kinetic model are fit to model the rate of cure. The simplest model that accurately captures the reaction, a parallel two‐step model, A
, is outlined. The glass transition temperature is modeled via DiBenedetto's equation to include the diffusion‐controlled mechanism. The TTT‐diagrams of two commercial adhesives, DA 408 and DA 409, are shown with an analysis of processing optimization. The use of quasi‐isothermal scans with initial fast ramps combined with the correction for filler, moisture, and pre‐curing history can be applied to characterize fast curing thermosets, complex B‐stage resins, and thermosetting composites. The modeling results can also be used in numerical studies of residual stresses and dimensional stability in the manufacturing of thermosetting composites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45791.