bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Racemic Form of (Z)‐1,17‐Diaminooctadec‐9‐ene, an Aliphatic Diamine from Coccinellidae.
Authors: BRACONNIER M. F. , BRAEKMAN J. C. , DALOZE D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe total Synthesis ofthe titlc compound (XI) has been achieved with an over‐ull yield oI6.5"/u in I5 steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Related to Cephalosporins. Part 2. Displacement Reactions on 3‐Bromo‐ methylcephems with Salts of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: BOTTA M. , DE ANGELIS F. , GRGURINA I. , MARZI M. , NICOLETTI R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Brommethylcephemester (I) erhält man mit Ammoniumsalzen (II) die Substitutionsprodukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of EDTA on the Cathodic Reduction of Oxide Films on Iron in Sodium Hydroxide Solution.
Authors: SZKLARSKA‐SMIALOWSKA Z. , ZAKROCZYMSKI T. , FAN C.‐J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEDTA added to 0.05 M NaOH has no effect on passive film formation on iron during its anodic polarization but drastically enhances cathodic reduction of the passive film.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Breakdown of Passive Oxide Films on Nickel in Halide Solutions.
Authors: MACDOUGALL B. , GRAHAM M. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo study the influence of different halide ions on the passivation of nickel, passive oxide films are formed on Ni in pH 3.0, 0.15 N Na2SO4, and then subjected to potentiostatic polarization in 0.08 M C1′, Br′, or F′ solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanisms of Platinum(II)‐Promoted Hydrolysis of Inorganic Polyphosphates.
Authors: BOSE R. N. , CORNELIUS R. D. , VIOLA R. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe hydrolysis reactions of tri‐ and pyrophosphate ions are accelerated in the presence of cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ (I) in aqueous perchlorate and nitrate media in the pH range 1‐8. The kinetics of hydrolysis of triphosphate in the presence of (I) exhibit second‐order growth of an intermediate, which decays to hydrolyzed products by a first‐order process.
ChemInform Abstract: Rutile Growth at the Surface of TiO2 Films Deposited by Vapour‐phase Decomposition of Isopropyl Titanate.
Authors: TAKAHASHI Y. , SUZUKI H. , NASU M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is found that rutile films can be obtained by the title method, when films thicker than l0 um are grown at rapid film growth rate and at substrate temp. between 450 and 500°C (under conditions of slow depositions, anatase films were formed).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Molecular Structure of a Six‐Coordinate Zinc Porphyrin: Bis(tetrahydrofuran)(5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphinato)zinc(II).
Authors: SCHAUER C. K. , ANDERSON O. P. , EATON S. S. , EATON G. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title complex crystallizes in the space group PT, Z=1.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Diels‐Alder Reactions of Neopentyl‐Ether‐Shielded Acrylates and Allenic Esters: Syntheses of (‐)‐Norbornenone and (‐)‐β‐Santalene.
Authors: OPPOLZER W. , CHAPUIS C. , DUPUIS D. , GUO M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAusgehend von (+)‐ bzw. (‐)‐Campher werden die antipodalen Alkohole (Ia) bzw. (IIa) dargestellt, die in ihre Acrylate (Ib) bzw. (IIb) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐catalysed Reductive Addition of Aryl Iodides to Propargyl Alcohols: a Route to γ,γ‐Diaryl Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: ARCADI A. , CACCHI S. , MARINELLI F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Pd‐katalysierte Reaktion der Aryliodide (′II) bzw. (VIII) mit den Arylethinyl‐carbinolen (I) bzw. (VII) (Darstellung beschrieben) unter den angegebenen Bedingungen führt stereoselektiv zu den Produkten (V) bzw. (IX); die Isomeren (VI) bzw. (X) werden nur in 5‐ 10proz. Ausb. gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: Face Selectivity of the Diels ‐ Alder Additions of Sulfur‐Substituted Dienes and Tetraenes Grafted onto 7‐Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes.
Authors: TORNARE J.‐M. , VOGEL P. , PINKERTON A. A. , SCHWARZENBACH D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe starting diene (IIIa) is prepared by reaction of the compounds (I) and (II); (IIIb) and (IIIc) are similarly obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bromoallene under the Conditions of Phase Transfer Catalysis.
Authors: KURGINYAN K. A. , ARAKELOVA S. V. , KALAIDZHYAN A. E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract1,2,3‐Tribrompropan (I) wird durch doppelte HBr‐Abspaltung in Gegenwart von Phasentransferkatalysator und Promotoren ( ;z.B. PhOH) in ein Gemisch aus der Titelverbindung (II) und dem isomeren Propargylbromid (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Transfer Mediated Photooxygenation of Biphenyl and Its Derivatives in the Presence of Mg(ClO4)2.
Authors: MIZUNO K. , ICHINOSE N. , TAMAI T. , OTSUJI Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den Biphenylen (I) erhält man bei der photochemischen Oxidation in Gegenwart von 9,10‐Dicyan‐phenanthren (II) und Magnesiumperchlorat unter Spaltung die Carbonsäuren (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Fulvenes with Activated Sulfoxides.
Authors: MORICK W. , HARTKE K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe fulvenes (I), (V) and (VII) react with the sulfoxide (II) in the presence of trifluoracetic anhydride to form bissulfoniofulvenes, isolated as the salts (III), (VI) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Stepwise Oxidation of 1,2‐Naphthoquinone and Cycloheptaldelnaphthalene‐7,8‐dione (o‐Pleiadienequinone).
Authors: GLEITER R. , DOBLER W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Oxidation des Naphthochinons (I) bzw. des Chinons (VII) werden die Epoxide (II) bzw. (VIII) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Alkylarylcarbinols by Mono‐Oxidation at the Benzylic Position Using 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ).
Authors: BOUQUET M. , GUY A. , LEMAIRE M. , GUETTE J. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Benzylverbindungen (I) können unter milden Bedingungen mit 2,3‐Dichlor‐5,6‐dicyanbenzochinon in essigsaurer Lösung zu den Benzylacetaten (II) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitramines. Part 17. Alkyl(arylmethyl)nitramines.
Authors: UNTERHALT B. , MOHR R. , THAMER D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Na‐Salze der Nitramine (I) lassen sich mit den Benzylbromiden (II) zu den N‐Benzylnitraminen (III) alkylieren, daneben wird das nicht isolierbare Benzyloxyazoxid (IV) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Cyanamides with Malonyl Chloride, Cyanoacetyl Chloride, and Dichloromalonyl Chloride.
Authors: RIED W. , NENNINGER J. , BATS J. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Reaktionen von Malonylchlorid (I) und Dichlormalonylchlorid (XII) mit den Cyanamiden (III) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: l‐Trifluoromethylvinyl Alkyl(aryl) Sulfones.
Authors: FOKIN A. V. , KOLOMIETS A. F. , SHKURAK S. N. , KONDRASHOV N. V. , MUKHAMETSHIN F. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion des Sulfenylchlorids (I) mit den Alkenen (II) werden die Sulfide (III) erhalten, die durch Behandeln mit NEt3 unter HCl‐Abspaltung in die Vinylderivate (IV) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of gem‐Dibromocyclopropanes with Potassium Dimethyl Phosphite in Liquid Ammonia.
Authors: MEIJS G. F. , DOYLE I. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie geminalen Dibromcyclopropane (I) werden unter Lichtausschluß stereoselektiv zu den entsprechenden trans‐ Monobromiden (II) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine‐Halogen Exchange at 2,2,4,4‐Tetrafluoro‐1,3‐dithietane.
Authors: WATERFELD A. , MEWS R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract(I) und (III) geben mit den entsprechenden Lewis‐Säuren die Salze (II) bzw. (IV) (Ausb. in g angegeben).
ChemInform Abstract: Creation of Novel Chiral Synthons with Enzymes and Applications to Natural Product Synthesis.
Authors: KURIHARA M. , KAMIYAMA K. , KOBAYASHI S. , OHNO M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer Diester (I) wird enzymatisch zum Monoester (II) verseift und nach Umwandlung in den Aminocarbonsäureester (IIIc) zum Lactam (IV) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Configurations and Conformations of Some 3‐Acetoxy‐cis‐hexahydro‐2(3H)‐benzofuranones.
Authors: DOLMAZON R. , GELIN S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den 2‐Ethoxyallyl‐cyclohexanonen (I) erhält man bei der kataly‐ . tischen Hydrierung isomere Alkohole (II), die in Form der Acetate (III) in ihren Konformationen bestätigt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of the 5‐Azoniafulvene Ion and Its Benzo‐annellated Analogue from N‐Mannich Bases of Pyrrole and Indole.
Authors: BURGER U. , BRINGHEN A. O. , WIRTHNER P. J. , SCHAERER J.‐C. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe dialkylaminomethylpyrroles (IIa) and (IIb) are synthesized from (I) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Nature of Reissert Analogs Derived from N,N‐Dialkyl and N,N‐Diaryl Carbamoyl Chlorides.
Authors: KANT J. , POPP F. D. , UFF B. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus Isochinolin (I) werden neue und bekannte Reissert‐Verbindungen (II) hergestellt, über die Anionen zu (III) methyliert und zum 1‐Methyl‐isochinolin (IV) verseift.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Cyclic Disulfides with Carbenes. Desulfurization and Insertion.
Authors: ANDO W. , KUMAMOTO Y. , TAKATA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus Diphenyldiazomethan (Ia) erhält man bei der Zersetzung das entsprechende Carben, das in situ in Gegenwart des cyclischen Disulfids (II) die Einschiebungs‐ 116 Verbindung (III) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroarylalkanoic Acids with Possible Antiinflammatory Activities.
Authors: PARENTI C. , COSTANTINO L. , DI BELLA M. , RAFFA L. , BAGGIO G. G. , ZANOLI P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie o‐Aminobenzosulfonamide (I) werden von den Dicarbonsäuremonoesterchloriden (II) zu den Esteramiden (III) acyliert, die zu den Benzothiadiazindioxiden (IV) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 12‐Cyano‐15‐hexadecanolide by Ring Enlargement of l‐(3′‐Hydroxybutyl)‐2‐oxocyclododecane‐1‐carbonitrile.
Authors: MILENKOV B. , SUESSE M. + , HESSE M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (IV) was formed from the cycloalkanone (I) via the aldehyde (II) and the alcohol (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Preparation of Hexaalkylditins. 119Sn‐NMR and Chromatographic Data on Linear Polytins.
Authors: JOUSSEAUME B. , CHANSON E. , BEVILACQUA M. , SAUX A. , PEREYRE M. , BARBE B. , PETRAUD M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung der Distannane (III) aus den Zinnoxiden (I) mit Ameisensäure (II) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (1,2‐Benzenediolato(2‐)‐O,O′)oxobis(1‐piperidinolato(1‐)‐O,N)molybdenum(VI), [MoO(C5H10NO)2(C6H4O2)], and Structure Determination by Correlated 1H ‐ 13C Two‐Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy and X‐Ray Crystallography.
Authors: BRISTOW S. , ENEMARK J. H. , GARNER C. D. , MINELLI M. , MORRIS G. A. , ORTEGA R. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung (II) (R: H) wird wie auch ihre Analogen (II) nach aufgezeichnetem Schema dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization, and Electrochemistry of Novel, Air‐Stable Nitrosyl Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten of the Type {M‐NO}6,5,4 Containing the Ligand N,N′,N"‐Trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane.
Authors: BACKES‐DAHMANN G. , WIEGHARDT K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Komplexe (I) reagieren mit HNO; zu den luftstabilen diamagnetischen 18‐Elektronen‐Komplexen (II) des Typs {M‐NO}6, die Ausgangsmaterial für Halogenierungsreaktionen zu den kationischen Komplexen (III), diamagnetischen 16‐e‐Komplexen mit {M‐NO}4‐Struktur, sind.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of the Dicarbonyl Complex Re2Cl4(dppm)2(CO)2 with Nitriles and Isocyanides.
Authors: COTTON F. A. , DUNBAR K. R. , FALVELLO L. R. , WALTON R. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title reactions of the dicarbonyl complex (I), for which due to a disorder problem it was not possible to distinguish between a cis and trans position of the bridging and terminal carbonyl groups, generate the diamagnetic salts (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry and Single‐Crystal Polarized Absorption Spectroscopy of (η4‐Cyclooctatetraene)tricarbonyliron.
Authors: CHANG T.‐H. , ZINK J. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe wavelength‐dependent CO and ole‐ ?n photosubstitution quantum yields for the title complex with P(OMe)3 in cyclohexane are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Substitution‐Inert Cobalt(III) Complex Bonded Silicas.
Authors: CHANG C. A. , HUANG C.‐S. , MURPHY P. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDiamine bonded silicas were prepared by reacting dry silicas with [3‐[(2‐aminoethyl)amino]propyl]trimethoxysilane in dry toluene and the resulting material was then reacted with the cis‐dichlorocobalt(III) complex of appropriate ligands in aqueous solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tunable Interaction in μ‐Oxamido Copper(II) Binuclear Complexes.
Authors: JOURNAUX Y. , SLETTEN J. , KAHN O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is shown that it is possible to vary the singlet‐triplet energy gap arising from the interaction between two copper(II) ions through the oxamido bridge in a predictable manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Selective Dihydrogen Addition to a Trirhodium Chain. Preparation and Structure of [Rh3(μ‐(Ph2PCH2)2PPh)2(H)2(CO)2(μ‐Cl2][BPh4].
Authors: BALCH A. L. , LINEHAN J. C. , OLMSTEAD M. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung (II) entsteht durch H2‐Addition an den Trirhodium‐Komplex (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Syntheses of the Pyranojuglone Pigment α‐Caryopterone.
Authors: MATSUMOTO T. , ICHIHARA A. , YANAGIYA M. , YUZAWA T. , SANNAI A. , OIKAWA H. , SAKAMURA S. , EUGSTER C. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTrimethoxybenzene (I) is converted to the 4‐oxobutanoic acid (II), which undergoes Clemmensen reduction and subsequent intramolecular acylation to give the tetralone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Transformations of Isoprenoid Cyclosulfonates into Linear Homoallylic Alcohols and Amines.
Authors: MOISEENKOV A. M. , RECHITSKII A. N. , POLUNIN E. V. , YUDINA O. N. , ZAKS I. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Sultone (I) können über die Sulfochloride (II) und die Sulfinate (III) in die Homoallylbenzoate (IV) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Toward Marine Toxic Polyethers.
Authors: ISOBE M. , ICHIKAWA Y. , GOTO T. , BAI D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIm Zusam‐ 190 menhang mit der Synthese toxischer Polyether aus Meereslebewesen wie Okadainsäure (IX) werden mehrstufige Synthesen für die Bausteine (III), (V), (VI), (VII) und (VIII) ausgearbeitet und beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of 1,3‐Dienes from 1‐Alkenes via "Ene" Reaction with Pummerer Rearrangement Product: A Short Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of the Red Bollworm Moth.
Authors: ISHIBASHI H. , KOMATSU H. , MARUYAMA K. , IKEDA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Methyl‐sulfoxid (I) entsteht das Acyl‐Derivat (II), das mit Allylverbindungen (III) zu den Butenyl‐sul?den (IV) führt.
Association of androgen metabolism gene polymorphisms with prostate cancer risk and androgen concentrations: Results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial
Authors: Price Douglas K. , Chau Cindy H. , Till Cathee , Goodman Phyllis J. , Leach Robin J. , Johnson‐Pais Teresa L. , Hsing Ann W. , Hoque Ashraful , Parnes Howard L. , Schenk Jeannette M. , Tangen Catherine M. , Thompson Ian M. , Reichardt Juergen K. V. , Figg William D. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDProstate cancer is highly influenced by androgens and genes. The authors investigated whether genetic polymorphisms along the androgen biosynthesis and metabolism pathways are associated with androgen concentrations or with the risk of prostate cancer or high‐grade disease from finasteride treatment.METHODSA nested case‐control study from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial using data from men who had biopsy‐proven prostate cancer (cases) and a group of biopsy‐negative, frequency‐matched controls was conducted to investigate the association of 51 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 12 genes of the androgen pathway with overall (total), low‐grade, and high‐grade prostate cancer incidence and serum hormone concentrations.RESULTSThere were significant associations of genetic polymorphisms in steroid 5α‐reductase 1 (SRD5A1) (reference SNPs: rs3736316, rs3822430, rs1560149, rs248797, and rs472402) and SRD5A2 (rs2300700) with the risk of high‐grade prostate cancer in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial; 2 SNPs were significantly associated with an increased risk (SRD5A1 rs472402 [odds ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.05‐2.75; Ptrend = .03] and SRD5A2 rs2300700 [odds ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.19‐3.18; Ptrend = .01]). Eleven SNPs in SRD5A1, SRD5A2, cytochrome P450 family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1), and CYP3A4 were associated with modifying the mean concentrations of serum androgen and sex hormone‐binding globulin; and 2 SNPs (SRD5A1 rs824811 and CYP1B1 rs10012; Ptrend < .05) consistently and significantly altered all androgen concentrations. Several SNPs (SRD5A1 rs3822430, SRD5A2 rs2300700, CYP3A43 rs800672, and CYP19 rs700519; Ptrend < .05) were significantly associated with both circulating hormone levels and prostate cancer risk.CONCLUSIONSGermline genetic variations of androgen‐related pathway genes are associated with serum androgen concentrations and the risk of prostate cancer. Further studies to examine the functional consequence of novel causal variants are warranted. Cancer 2016;122:2332–2340. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Modeling tensional homeostasis in multicellular clusters
Authors: Tam Sze Nok , Smith Michael L. , Stamenović Dimitrije 
Published: May 2016

SummaryHomeostasis of mechanical stress in cells, or tensional homeostasis, is essential for normal physiological function of tissues and organs and is protective against disease progression, including atherosclerosis and cancer. Recent experimental studies have shown that isolated cells are not capable of maintaining tensional homeostasis, whereas multicellular clusters are, with stability increasing with the size of the clusters. Here, we proposed simple mathematical models to interpret experimental results and to obtain insight into factors that determine homeostasis. Multicellular clusters were modeled as one‐dimensional arrays of linearly elastic blocks that were either jointed or disjointed. Fluctuating forces that mimicked experimentally measured cell–substrate tractions were obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. These forces were applied to the cluster models, and the corresponding stress field in the cluster was calculated by solving the equilibrium equation. It was found that temporal fluctuations of the cluster stress field became attenuated with increasing cluster size, indicating that the cluster approached tensional homeostasis. These results were consistent with previously reported experimental data. Furthermore, the models revealed that key determinants of tensional homeostasis in multicellular clusters included the cluster size, the distribution of traction forces, and mechanical coupling between adjacent cells. Based on these findings, we concluded that tensional homeostasis was a multicellular phenomenon. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of ASP015K (Peficitinib), a New Janus Kinase Inhibitor, in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Cao Ying Jun , Sawamoto Taiji , Valluri Udaya , Cho Kathy , Lewand Michaelene , Swan Suzanne , Lasseter Kenneth , Matson Mark , Holman John , Keirns James , Zhu Tong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies are reported that had the objective to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of ASP015K (peficitinib), a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, in healthy subjects. The single‐dose study included 7 male groups (3–300 mg) and 2 female groups (30 or 200 mg), n = 8/group (6 on ASP015K and 2 on placebo in each group). The multiple‐dose study included 1 female and 3 male groups, n = 12/group (9 on ASP015K and 3 on placebo in each group), who received ASP015K (30 mg) or placebo every 12 hours (twice a day) for 14 days. In the single‐dose study, plasma ASP015K concentration increased dose‐proportionally. Food increased ASP015K exposure (AUCinf) by 27%. Mean peak JAK inhibition increased with dose, from 6% at 4 hours (median) following ASP015K 3 mg to 93% (range, 89%–98%) at 2 hours (median) after ASP015K 300 mg. In the multiple‐dose study, ASP015K plasma exposure reached steady state by day 3. On day 14, mean ASP015K peak concentration was 38%–65% higher than after the first dose; peak JAK inhibition following 100 or 200 mg twice daily was >85%. The most common adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia, headache, and abdominal pain; no serious AEs occurred. The safety findings at pharmacologically effective doses of ASP015K support further clinical development.
Do hand preferences predict stacking skill during infancy?
Authors: Marcinowski Emily C. , Campbell Julie M. , Faldowski Richard A. , Michel George F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe cascade theory of handedness suggests that hand preferences develop from a history of cascading and sequentially developing manual asymmetries for a variety of actions. Infants who consistently use their preferred hand for a variety of actions likely would gain proficiency using that preferred hand and, consequently, perform more proficiently on other challenging manual tasks. One such task is object stacking, which has been linked with a number of cognitive abilities. If infant hand preference facilitates the development of stacking skill, then this could provide a link by which early hand preference might affect the development of cognition. From a sample of 380 infants assessed for an acquisition hand preference across 6–14 months, 131 infants were assessed for stacking skill from 10 to 14 months at monthly visits. Four unique handedness sub‐groups were identified from the 380‐infant sample: left, trending right, stable right, or no hand preference. Each of the four hand preference groups exhibited different trajectories in the development of their stacking skills. Left‐ and stable right‐handers stacked more items than infants with no preference by 14 months, whereas infants with a trending right preference did not. The proportion of preferred hand use (right and left) from 6 to 9 months also predicted an earlier initial onset of stacking skill, whereas the proportion of only right hand use did not. Thus, the development of a hand preference predicts an earlier emergence of stacking skill and may have implications for other domains of infant cognitive development.
Effects of ethanol exposure in a familiar or isolated context during infancy on ethanol intake during adolescence
Authors: Miranda‐Morales Roberto Sebastián , Haymal Beatriz , Pautassi Ricardo M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEarly exposure to ethanol affects ethanol intake later in life. This early experience encompasses exposure to social stimuli and the pharmacological and orosensory properties of ethanol. The specific contribution of each type of stimulus to subsequent ethanol intake remains unknown. We assessed the intake of various concentrations of ethanol in a familiar or isolated context during infancy and the lingering effects of this experience on ethanol intake during adolescence. On postnatal day 3 (PD3), PD7, and PD11, rats were given 5% ethanol or water in a nursing or isolated context (Experiments 1 and 2). Intake tests (ethanol vs. water) were conducted during adolescence. Experiment 2 matched the amount of fluid ingested during infancy in both contexts and subsequently tested ethanol consumption during adolescence. The results revealed a facilitative effect of the nursing context on fluid intake during the tests in infancy. Pups stimulated with ethanol but not water in the isolated context exhibited an increase in ethanol consumption during adolescence. This effect disappeared when the isolated infants were matched to receive the same amount of ethanol ingested by their nursed counterparts. In Experiment 3, isolated infant rats were exposed to different ethanol concentrations (.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%), and drug consumption was tested during adolescence. This exposure increased adolescent ethanol intake, regardless of the alcohol concentration (Experiment 3). The common denominators that resulted in enhanced ethanol intake during adolescence were preexposure to ethanol via active consumption of the drug that induced a low‐to‐moderate level of intoxication in an isolated context.