bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method of ecological assessment of oil-contaminated soils
Authors: Romaniuk O. I. , Shevchyk L. Z. , Oshchapovskyy I. V. , Zhak T. V. 
Published: November 2016

A method for determination of the ecological condition of oil-contaminated soils was developed. This method is suitable for use in a wide range of oil concentrations in soil, ranging from 0–20% and provides a quantitative assessment of phytotoxicity – effective toxicity. The method involves the germination on the investigated soil (moisture 33.3%) in closed Petri dishes in the dark at +24ºС of seeds of test objects: Linum usitatissimum L., Helianthus annuus L., Fagopyrum vulgare St. We used for biotesting initial growth parameters of test objects during 5 days of growth, whenthe toxic effect of oil is quite evident, but other damaging factors do not become apparent. For each test object, an optimal oil concentration range is suggested. At low concentrations of oil in the soil <1% it is appropriate to use F. vulgare, at higher concentrations 1.0–2.5% –L. usitatissimum, H. annuus; 10.0–15.0% –L. usitatissimum, F. vulgare; for intervals 2.5–10.0% 15.0–17.0% application of each of three plant species is possible: L. usitatissimum, H. annuus, F. vulgare. We proved that the best estimate of toxicity is possible on the basis of the value of effective toxicity (Tef). The linear relationship between concentration of oil in the soil and Tef is established. Effective toxicity was calculated for any of the proposed test objects and joint use of them will increase the accuracy of research. Effective toxicity characterizes the total impact of toxicants on the growth parameters of plant test-objects and is calculated as the sum of factors inhibiting germination, growth of root and shoot minus the number of recorded parameters. The total assessment of toxicity is based on phytotoxicity which is equal to effective toxicity on L. usitatissimum, H. annuus, and a half of effective toxicity on F. vulgare. A scale of toxicity of oil-contaminated soils is suggested, which shows the relationship between phytotoxicity, content of oil in soil and pollution level. It is established that for the soils polluted by oil with concentration <0.4%, phytotoxicity is <0.6, and the level of pollution is characterized as admissible. If the concentration of oil in the soil is 0.4–2.5%, phytotoxicity is 0.6–1.5; the level of pollution – threatening. If the oil concentration in the soil is 2.5–10.0%, phytotoxicity is 1.5–3.0; pollution level – pre-crisis. For soils polluted by oil at the level 10.0–15.0% phytotoxicity – 3.0–4.0; pollution level – crisis, and for soils with oil concentration >15.0% phytotoxicity is >4.0; the level of pollution – catastrophic. The method was tested on an industrial area – dumps of the Borislav Ozokerite Mine. Environmental maps of toxicity drawn up using different test objects: L. usitatissimum, H. annuus, F. vulgare were similar, which additionally confirms the correctness of the method. We recommend the application of the proposed method for identification of sites in a threatening, pre-crisis or crisis state, on which other physical-chemical studies can be further conducted.
Trophic structure of the fouling community in Odessa Bay (Black Sea)
Authors: Varigin A. Y. 
Published: November 2016

The trophic structure of the coastal fouling community of Odessa Bay (Black Sea), which was composed of 10 species of macrophytes, 57 invertebrate species and 4 species of fish, was determined. The basic trophic relationship between organisms composing the community is shown. A minimization of interspecific trophic competition within the community is noted. The main sources of food material entering the fouling community were determined. We show that a significant proportion of food in the form of detritus, dissolved organic matter and small planktonic organisms enters the community from the water column. Filtration and pumping activity of sestonophage-organisms, particularly mussels, helps to attract food material to the community. Primary producers of the community are macrophytes and microphytes, which develop on account of their photosynthetic activity and ensure the provision of food to herbivores. The trophic group of detritophages consumes different fractions of the detritus which accumulates in the byssus threads of bivalve molluscs. In this context, mussel druses act as sediment traps, collecting detritus. Numerous polyphages, which are essentially omnivores and do not usually lack food material, were noted in the community. A small group of carnivorous invertebrates, whose representatives actively attack small animals, was identified. The abundance of these species in the community was about 1%, and their biomass less than 0.6%. Fish living in macrophyte weeds are the consumers in the community. We determined that the highest relative abundance (over 36%) in the fouling community was reached by sestonophages and polyphages. We found that the undisputed leader in the relative biomass (over 97%) in the fouling community ofOdessaBaywas the sestonophages (mainly composed of mussels). We determined that the trophic structure index of the community was 0.94, which confirms the significant dominance in biomass of bivalves over other species in the fouling community.
Spatial patterns of seasonal distribution of Corvidae (the case of urban habitats)
Authors: Matsyura A. V. , Zimaroyeva А. А. , Jankowski K. 
Published: November 2016

Corvids in Zhytomyr city reach maximum density in the winter period. Rooks and Eurasian Jackdaws were the most abundant species in winter, usually feeding in multispecies flocks and forming collective roosts.Suburban green areas (buffer zones) were characterized by a considerably high diversity of Corvidae species: this habitat was occupied by all six species. We also registered the highest density of Eurasian Jays and Hooded Crows in this habitat. The green areas in the city center were also characterized by significant corvid density, especially during the breeding season. The maximum breeding density of Rooks was in these habitats, which held 6 of 12 identified urban colonies in Zhytomyr. We found that the European Magpies, Eurasian Jays, and Hooded Crows also had high breeding success here. Eurasian Jackdaws occurred here only in autumn and winter, when they fed together with Rooks on lawns, gardens, and parks. With stable snow cover the Rook density in habitats of the green areas decreased due to the depletion of food resources.The individual buildings zone of the city were characterized by the lowest density of all corvid species, except for European Magpies and Eurasian Jays. The number of common species (Rooks, Eurasian Jackdaws, and Hooded Crows) was low because of shortage of food resources, lack of sites for large roosting flocks and shortage of suitable nesting sites. However, Eurasian Magpies reached one of their highest densities in this habitat (12.8 birds/km2). This species was registered in habitats around private buildings all the year round, successfully nesting in the yards of private houses and on trees in the streets. Its breeding density was 11.2 birds/km2.During three years of research (2009–2012) the density of all corvids except for European Magpie, practically did not change, although we determined a slight positive trend for all the species. The strong increase in the number of Eurasian Jackdaws could be explained by the increasing density of wintering populations or due to the increasing number of migrants from more northern regions.
A new highly productive Propionibacterium acidipropionici FL-48 strain with increased resistance to propionic acid and the scaling up of its production for industrial bioreactors
Authors: Kartashov M. A. , Voinova T. M. , Sergeeva A. V. , Statsyuk N. V. , Rogovsky S. V. , Grebeneva Y. O. , Durnikin D. A. 
Published: November 2016

Propionic acid bacteria, including Propionibacterium acidipropionici, are widely used in the chemical industry to produce propionic acid and also for food and feed preservation. However, the efficiency of the industrial production of these bacteria is limited by their sensitivity to high concentrations of propionic acid excreted into the cultivation medium. Therefore, the development of new biotechnological processes and strains able to overcome this limitation and to improve the profitability of the microbiological production remains a relevant problem. A new P. acidipropionici FL-48 strain characterized by an increased resistance to 10 g/L of propionic acid (the number of viable cells after 24-h cultivation reached 1.05 × 106) was developed by a two-step induced mutagenesis using UV and diethyl sulphate from the P. acidipropionici VKPM B-5723 strain. The mutant strain exceeded the parental strain in the biomass accumulation rate and the amount of produced propionic and acetic acids by 35%, 20%, and 16%, respectively. The stability of such important characteristics as the biomass accumulation rate and the viability on media containing heightened concentrations of propionic acid was confirmed by three sequential monoclonal subculturings on a medium supplemented with 10 g/L of propionic acid. The optimization of the cultivation technology made it possible to determine the optimum seed inoculum dose (10% of the fermentation medium volume) and the best pH level for the active growth stage (6.1 ± 0.1). The scaling up of the fermentation to a 100-L bioreactor under observance of optimum cultivation conditions demonstrated a high biomass growth rate with a sufficient reproducability; after 20 h of fermentation, the number of viable cells in the culture broth exceeded 1 × 1010 CFU/mL. The new strain could be interesting as the component of silage and haylage biopreservatives and also could be used as an efficient producer of propionic acid.
PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO IKAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING ( Thunnus albacares )
Authors: Hutapea Jhon Harianto , Permana Gusti Ngurah , Andamari Retno 
Published: November 2016

Pemeliharaan induk ikan tuna sirip kuning dalam bak beton telah berhasil dilakukan di Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut, Gondol-Bali bekerja sama dengan Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation (OFCF) Jepang. Pemijahan induk secara alami juga telah berhasil. Untuk mendukung program pembenihan ikan tuna, maka perlu diketahui informasi dasar yang dimulai dengan pengamatan perkembangan embrio. Telur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari hasil pemijahan secara alami dari induk-induk yang dipelihara dalam bak beton. Telur yang terkumpul dalam kolektor telur dipanen lalu diinkubasi dalam bak penetasan bervolume 200 L yang dilengkapi dengan aerasi dan sistem pergantian air secara kontinyu. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel telur dari bak penetasan lalu diamati di bawah mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu yang dibutuhkan dari pemijahan hingga telur menetas adalah 18 jam 55 menit pada suhu air alami (27oC—28oC).
VARIASI GENETIK HIBRIDA IKAN GURAME DIANALISIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MARKER RAPD
Authors: Nugroho Estu , Sundari Sri , Jatnika Jatnika 
Published: November 2016

Variasi genetik ikan gurame hasil persilangan telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan marker RAPD. Persilangan antar koleksi yaitu Bastar-Paris, Bastar-Blusafir, dan Paris-Blusafir dilakukan secara resiprok. DNA diekstraksi dari sirip dan diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan primer OPA 1-20. Dua dari dua puluh primer mempunyai hasil amplifikasi dan pola pita yang baik dan digunakan untuk analisis selanjutnya. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata secara statistik antar persilangan yang diuji. Benih ikan gurame hasil persilangan antara Paris-Bastar mempunyai nilai heterozygositas tertinggi berdasarkan primer OPA-4 dan OPA-7 yaitu 0.2721, sedangkan heterozygositas yang terendah diamati pada benih hasil persilangan antara Blusafir-Paris (0.1116).
PRODUKSI BANDENG (Chanos chanos) MELALUI APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK
Authors: Pantjara Brata , Hendradjat Erfan Andi 
Published: November 2016

Bandeng (Chanos chanos) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan di sektor perikanan yang berkontribusi dalam memenuhi produksi nasional. Ekspor bandeng ke beberapa negara seperti Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat sangat prospektif untuk dikembangkan, namun bandeng asal Indonesia kurang disukai karena terindikasi mengandung zat kimia yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir produk bandeng organik semakin meningkat karena banyaknya minat masyarakat akan produk makanan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik terhadap produksi bandeng semi intensif. Pupuk organik yang dicoba adalah pupuk organik komersial (A) dan pupuk organik non komersial (B). Pupuk organik non komersial dibuat dengan cara fermentasi dari campuran limbah sayuran, ampas tahu, pupuk kompos, dan dedak. Padat penebaran bandeng pada masing-masing perlakuan adalah 15.000 ekor/ha. Pemberian pakan dilakukan setelah bandeng berumur 2 bulan di tambak dengan dosis pakan 2%-4% dari bobot ikan per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan bandeng selama enam bulan mencapai bobot dari 1,98 g/ekor menjadi 232,4 g/ekor pada A dan 253 g/ekor pada B. Sintasan bandeng pada perlakuan A dan B, masing-masing mencapai 56,62% dan 60,82%. Produksi bandeng pada perlakuan A dan B, masing-masing mencapai 1.974 dan 2.309 kg/ha
Emulación del Videojuego “Pong”, usando Robots Móviles con herramientas Lego Mindstorms Nxt 2.0
Authors: Infante Moreno Wilson , Bautista Rodríguez Juan , Berdugo Romero Edwin 
Published: November 2016

El presente trabajo describe la elaboración e implementación de dos robots móviles, utilizando LEGO® MindStrom NXT 2.0 y la aplicación de la plataforma LABVIEW, para reproducir, de forma física, el video juego Pong®, con el fin de implementar las acciones de bloquear y lanzar una pelota en futbol robótico, así como también introducir el estudio de asignación de roles o tareas a este escenario, ya que en un momento dado uno de los robots lanzará la pelota y el otro robot deberá atraparla, posteriormente se cambiarán sus roles y de esta forma los robots podrán interactuar igual que en el videojuego comercializado por Atari; permitiendo de alguna manera que los robots actuarán de forma defensiva y ofensiva cambiando de rol según la situación de juego. Debido a que, cada robot presenta comportamientos muy simples y la interacción de estos permite un comportamiento global, no se utilizó un estructura explícita de coordinación, ni un protocolo de comunicación entre los miembros del sistema para la asignación de tareas, tal como lo realizan los mecanismos <em>swarm intelligence, </em>inspirado en colonias de insectos. Teniendo presente algunas limitaciones de procesamiento de las herramientas de Lego para la respuesta de los robots, se observó en diferentes pruebas el buen desempeño y funcionamiento de los robots móviles para comportamiento global muy parecido al juego Pong® El proyecto se llevó a cabo con la colaboración del grupo de investigación en Robótica Móvil Autónoma “ROMA” de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Facultad Tecnológica.
A Mechanistic Understanding of Asphaltenes Precipitation From Varying-Saturate-Concentration Perspectives
Authors: Prakoso A. A. , Punase A. D. , Hascakir B.. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Asphaltenes precipitation within reservoir pores or production flowlines can severely hamper the petroleum-extraction process. Although the effect of temperature and pressure on asphaltene deposition is well-known, the manner in which the variations in oil composition affect the asphaltenes-precipitation mechanism requires more clarity. This work investigates the effect of crude-oil compositional change on asphaltene stability. The impact of oil composition is analyzed by preparing pseudocomponents through blending the crude oil with their own saturates fractions.
A systematic characterization of 11 different bitumen and crude-oil samples was carried out by density and viscosity measurements and the determination of the elemental composition and saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) contents. Further analyses were conducted on the asphaltenes separated by use of n-pentane. The cluster size was determined by a particle-size analyzer, and the stability of asphaltenes was evaluated by zeta-potential. The molecular structure of SARA fractions and bulk crude-oil samples was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Onset-of-asphaltenes-precipitation (OAP) tests on crude-oil samples were achieved by the addition of different solvents (n-pentane, n-heptane, and crude-oil saturates fraction).
While the physical characterization studies could only provide weak relations between the density/viscosity and the asphaltene content of the bulk samples, it has been found that mainly the ratio of the heavy (resins + asphaltenes) to light (saturates +aromatics) fractions controls the viscosity and the °API value of the crude oils. As this ratio increases, the crude oil becomes more viscous and dense. Also, the asphaltene/resin ratio was found to be critical because of its impact on asphaltene stability, which was determined through zeta-potential measurements. The high asphaltene/resin ratios result in low asphaltene stability; however, this effect is surpassed by the higher aromatics fraction in the bulk oil. Asphaltene stability was further studied with OAP tests. The OAP-test results provide the behavior of asphaltenes after the interaction of bulk oil samples with normal saturated hydrocarbons; however, our study improves the OAP-test procedure by conducting OAP tests with crude oil's own saturates fractions. The interaction of saturates fraction with crude oil resulted in more asphaltenes precipitation compared with interaction of n-pentane and n-heptane. The FTIR analyses indicate the presence of impurities in saturates fractions, and these impurities are believed to cause higher asphaltenes precipitation as a result of the polar nature of the impurities.
Dexmedetomidine to enable MRI scanning in a patient with airway compromise
Authors: Scott‐Warren Victoria , Sebastian Joseph , Eadsforth Peter 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWe present the case of an obese gentleman with airway compromise due to a large tumour within the left thoracic inlet, who required a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to plan further treatment. He was profoundly claustrophobic and required sedation in order to undergo the scan. We describe the use of dexmedetomidine supplemented with a small amount of midazolam to successfully sedate the patient whilst avoiding respiratory depression and obtundation of airway reflexes associated with higher doses of midazolam or propofol sedation.
Peripherally inserted central catheter causing life‐threatening cardiac tamponade
Authors: Ridler Simon , Nixon Chris 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWe report a 60‐yr‐old female who had a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for parenteral nutrition (TPN). Insertion was uneventful although the line was seen to extend into the right ventricle. The line was re‐positioned but soon after commencing TPN she collapsed. Computerised tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) demonstrated a pericardial effusion with a high fat content. Pericardiocentesis revealed fluid with a high triglyceride content and confirmed pericardial placement of ther tip of the catheter. The patient subsequently made an uneventful recovery.We could only find one other case in the literature of pericardial tamponade after PICC placement in an adult. The exact anatomical course of this line remains unclear despite careful review of radiological imaging. We discuss methods to gauge appropriate line length, possible signs on chest radiography and the immediate management of pericardial tamponade. Resuscitation via a malpositioned line may prove catastrophic; if doubt exsists the line should not be used.
Successful continuous 32‐day epidural analgesia in a pregnant woman with cervical cancer
Authors: Gach Marcin , Domagalska Anna , Turek Dariusz , Kalinka Jaroslaw 
Published: November 2016

SummaryA 36‐year‐old pregnant lady was admitted at 26 weeks gestation with abdominal pain radiating to the groin and back. Physical examination, biopsy of the cervix and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed cervical carcinoma. As the patient wished to continue with the pregnancy, a decision was made to perform elective caesarean section at 34 weeks. Due to persistent severe pain despite systemic analgesics, the decision to insert a tunnelled epidural catheter was made in order to provide long term analgesia. Repeated boluses of 0.2% ropivacaine or 0.2‐0.25% bupivacaine with morphine, depending on numerical rating scale (NRS) values, were administered. Co‐medication consisted of intravenous acetaminophen. Preterm delivery by caesarean section at 32 weeks gestation was performed because the patient went into labour. The epidural catheter was in situ for 32 days with no complications.
Tiempos, objetos y sucesos en la metafísica estoica
Authors: Salles Ricardo 
Published: November 2016

<p class='p1'>El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar las tesis que sostuvieron los primeros estoicos sobre la individualización de los tiempos (¿qué determina que un instante sea distinto de otro?). En contra de una objeción que formuló Jonathan Barnes contra la coherencia de la teoría estoica del eterno retorno —objeción que presupone que, para los estoicos, t y t* son distintos sólo si los cuerpos y sucesos que se dan en t son distintos de los cuerpos y sucesos que se dan en t* —, intento mostrar que en la metafísica estoica las diferenciaciones temporales no presuponen diferenciaciones en lo que existe en el tiempo, lo cual implica que en ella puede haber tiempo sin cambio.</p>
Algunas consecuencias filosóficas del trabajo de Kurt Gödel
Authors: Cardona Suárez Carlos Alberto 
Published: November 2016

<p class='p1'>El artículo presenta los argumentos que le permiten a Gödel defender el realismo platónico a partir de sus resultados de incompletitud. Se sostiene que hay un estrecho paralelismo con lo que podríamos denominar el fracaso del programa cartesiano. El programa cartesiano fracasó al querer mostrar la autonomía plena de la razón y tuvo que reconocer en la intuición sensorial otra fuente del conocimiento objetivo de los objetos externos. De la misma manera, el programa de Hilbert, como se deduce de los teoremas de incompletitud de Gödel, fracasó al querer mostrar la plena autonomía de la razón formalizada. En ese sentido, el único recurso que le queda al matemático para salvar el carácter descriptivo de sus proposiciones, a juicio de Gödel, es apoyarse en la intuición de los conceptos abstractos. El argumento de Gödel exige que la mente humana no se pueda reducir a un mecanismo. Esta segunda exigencia es también paralela a la defensa del dualismo cartesiano.</p>
Subjetividad y culpabilidad
Authors: Hurtado Guillermo 
Published: November 2016

<p class='p1'>Ésta es una nota crítica del libro Culpabilidad y resistencia de Óscar Martiarena. Se afirma que el autor no ofrece suficientes datos para probar la tesis central del libro que consiste en que los indios del virreinato se resistieron a convertirse en conciencias individuales culpables, tal como pretendían los sacerdotes católicos que les inculcaban la práctica de la confesión. También se sostiene que no es correcta la manera en la que Martiarena conecta las nociones de autonomía y culpabilidad.</p>
Un modelo multiculturalista más allá de la tolerancia
Authors: Olivé León 
Published: November 2016

<p class='p1'>En este artículo defiendo la tesis de que en las sociedades multiculturales donde hay desigualdades económicas, sociales y materiales entre pueblos o entre culturas, el establecimiento por parte del Estado, o de entidades supraestatales o de organismos internacionales de políticas de compensación o de un trato diferencial en la asignación de recursos a favor de los pueblos o de las culturas que tienen desventajas, se justifica sobre la base de un principio de justicia social. Se discute la noción pertinente de justicia social, basada en la idea de la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas de todos los miembros de la sociedad.</p>