bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study to Determine the Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders in a Young Adult Population and its Association with Psychological and Functional Occlusal Parameters
Authors: Jivnani Hemant Maheshkumar , Tripathi Shuchi , Shanker Rama , Singh Balendra Pratap , Agrawal Kaushal Kishor , Singhal Rameshwari 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in medical university students and to analyze the relationship of TMD with psychological and functional occlusal parameters.Materials and Methods200 students (mean age 21.81 ± 1.99) were screened for TMD with the TMD Pain Screener. Clinical examinations identified the participants with TMD. Based on their diagnostic criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) axis I diagnosis, participants were divided into three groups: group 1‐ non‐TMD, group 2‐ pain related TMD and headaches, and group 3‐ intra‐articular joint disorders. Further study was continued involving patients diagnosed with TMD as the study group, and an equal number of age‐ and sex‐matched participants were selected in control group. Among these, emotional distress was evaluated using the “hospital anxiety and depression scale” (HADS). Occlusal evaluations were done by using the T‐Scan computerized occlusal analysis system. Occlusion time, left lateral disclusion time, right lateral disclusion time, and protrusion disclusion time were measured with T‐Scan III. These parameters were compared among the groups with ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.05.Results17% of the population were affected by TMD. The mean HADSd (depression) and HADSa (anxiety) scores were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in group 2 (7.67 ± 3.68; 10.60 ± 3.33) and group 3 (6.89 ± 3.23; 9.26 ± 4.05) as compared to group 1 (3.18 ± 2.33; 5.29 ± 3.21). The mean values of occlusion time, left lateral disclusion time, right lateral disclusion time, and protrusion‐disclusion time were also higher for group 2 and group 3 as compared to group 1.ConclusionsThis study found that the prevalence of TMD in this university student population was 17%. There were significant associations of TMD with psychological parameters and functional occlusal parameters.
Belief About Mandatory School Vaccinations and Vaccination Refusal Among Ohio Appalachian Parents: Do Demographic and Religious Factors, General Health, and Political Affiliation Play a Role?
Authors: Krok‐Schoen Jessica L. , Bernardo Brittany M. , Weier Rory C. , Peng Juan , Katz Mira L. , Reiter Paul L. , Richardson Morgan S. , Pennell Michael L. , Tatum Cathy M. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo examine how demographic, general health, religious, and political characteristics influenced beliefs about mandatory school vaccinations and history of vaccination refusal for children among Ohio Appalachian parents.MethodsIn 2013 and 2014, baseline data were obtained from parents (n = 337) of girls aged 9‐17 from 12 counties in rural Ohio Appalachia enrolled in the Community Awareness, Resources and Education (CARE II) Project. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify correlates of parental beliefs about mandatory school vaccinations and history of refusing a doctor‐recommended vaccine for their child(ren).ResultsAbout 47% of parents agreed that parents should have the right to refuse mandatory school vaccinations for their child(ren). Participants who reported their political affiliation as Republican (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.28‐4.66) or Independent (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.70‐6.44) were more likely to agree that parents should have the right to refuse school‐mandated vaccinations than parents who reported their political affiliation as Democrat. Approximately 39% of parents reported ever refusing a vaccine for their child(ren). Participants who were female (OR = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.04‐14.58) and believed that parents should have the right to refuse mandatory school vaccinations (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.90‐5.62) were more likely to report ever refusing a vaccine for their child(ren).ConclusionThe study findings provide information to better understand factors related to vaccination refusal among parents in Appalachia Ohio that can be used to design interventions to improve vaccination uptake.
Maintaining their genetic distance: Little evidence for introgression between widely hybridizing species of Geum with contrasting mating systems
Authors: Jordan Crispin Y. , Lohse Konrad , Turner Frances , Thomson Marian , Gharbi Karim , Ennos Richard A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWithin the plant kingdom, many genera contain sister lineages with contrasting outcrossing and inbreeding mating systems that are known to hybridize. The evolutionary fate of these sister lineages is likely to be influenced by the extent to which they exchange genes. We measured gene flow between outcrossing Geum rivale and selfing Geum urbanum, sister species that hybridize in contemporary populations. We generated and used a draft genome of G. urbanum to develop dd‐RAD data scorable in both species. Coalescent analysis of RAD data from allopatric populations indicated that the species diverged 2–3 Mya, and that historical gene flow between them was extremely low (1 migrant every 25 generations). Comparison of genetic divergence between species in sympatry and allopatry, together with an analysis of allele frequencies in potential parental and hybrid populations, provided no evidence of contemporary introgression in sympatric populations. Cluster‐ and species‐specific marker analyses revealed that, apart from four early‐generation hybrids, individuals in sympatric populations fell into two genetically distinct groups that corresponded exactly to their morphological species classification with maximum individual admixture estimates of only 1–3%. However, we did observe joint segregation of four putatively introgressed SNPs across two scaffolds in the G. urbanum population that was associated with significant morphological variation, interpreted as tentative evidence for rare, recent interspecific gene flow. Overall, our results indicate that despite the presence of hybrids in contemporary populations, genetic exchange between G. rivale and G. urbanum has been extremely limited throughout their evolutionary history.
Contemporary evolution of a Lepidopteran species, Heliothis virescens, in response to modern agricultural practices
Authors: Fritz Megan L. , DeYonke Alexandra M. , Papanicolaou Alexie , Micinski Stephen , Westbrook John , Gould Fred 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdaptation to human‐induced environmental change has the potential to profoundly influence the genomic architecture of affected species. This is particularly true in agricultural ecosystems, where anthropogenic selection pressure is strong. Heliothis virescens primarily feeds on cotton in its larval stages, and US populations have been declining since the widespread planting of transgenic cotton, which endogenously expresses proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). No physiological adaptation to Bt toxin has been found in the field, so adaptation in this altered environment could involve (i) shifts in host plant selection mechanisms to avoid cotton, (ii) changes in detoxification mechanisms required for cotton‐feeding vs. feeding on other hosts or (iii) loss of resistance to previously used management practices including insecticides. Here, we begin to address whether such changes occurred in H. virescens populations between 1997 and 2012, as Bt‐cotton cultivation spread through the agricultural landscape. For our study, we produced an H. virescens genome assembly and used this in concert with a ddRAD‐seq‐enabled genome scan to identify loci with significant allele frequency changes over the 15‐year period. Genetic changes at a previously described H. virescens insecticide target of selection were detectable in our genome scan and increased our confidence in this methodology. Additional loci were also detected as being under selection, and we quantified the selection strength required to elicit observed allele frequency changes at each locus. Potential contributions of genes near loci under selection to adaptive phenotypes in the H. virescens cotton system are discussed.
Comparative ecological transcriptomics and the contribution of gene expression to the evolutionary potential of a threatened fish
Authors: Brauer Chris J. , Unmack Peter J. , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnderstanding whether small populations with low genetic diversity can respond to rapid environmental change via phenotypic plasticity is an outstanding research question in biology. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) has recently provided the opportunity to examine variation in gene expression, a surrogate for phenotypic variation, in nonmodel species. We used a comparative RNA‐seq approach to assess expression variation within and among adaptively divergent populations of a threatened freshwater fish, Nannoperca australis, found across a steep hydroclimatic gradient in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia. These populations evolved under contrasting selective environments (e.g., dry/hot lowland; wet/cold upland) and represent opposite ends of the species’ spectrum of genetic diversity and population size. We tested the hypothesis that environmental variation among isolated populations has driven the evolution of divergent expression at ecologically important genes using differential expression (DE) analysis and an anova‐based comparative phylogenetic expression variance and evolution model framework based on 27,425 de novo assembled transcripts. Additionally, we tested whether gene expression variance within populations was correlated with levels of standing genetic diversity. We identified 290 DE candidate transcripts, 33 transcripts with evidence for high expression plasticity, and 50 candidates for divergent selection on gene expression after accounting for phylogenetic structure. Variance in gene expression appeared unrelated to levels of genetic diversity. Functional annotation of the candidate transcripts revealed that variation in water quality is an important factor influencing expression variation for N. australis. Our findings suggest that gene expression variation can contribute to the evolutionary potential of small populations.
Effects of voltage strength during electroporation on the development and quality of in vitro‐produced porcine embryos
Authors: Nishio K , Tanihara F , Nguyen T‐V , Kunihara T , Nii M , Hirata M , Takemoto T , Otoi T 
Published: November 2017

ContentsThis study was conducted to determine suitable conditions for an experimental method in which the CRISPR/Cas9 system is introduced into in vitro‐produced porcine zygotes by electroporation. In the first experiment, when putative zygotes derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) were electroporated by either unipolar or bipolar pulses, keeping the voltage, pulse duration and pulse number fixed at 30 V/mm, 1 msec and five repeats, respectively, the rate of blastocyst formation from zygotes electroporated by bipolar pulses decreased compared to zygotes electroporated by unipolar pulses. In the second experiment, the putative zygotes were electroporated by electroporation voltages ranging from 20 V/mm–40 V/mm with five 1‐msec unipolar pulses. The rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation of zygotes electroporated at 40 V/mm was significantly lower (p < .05) than that of zygotes electroporated at less than 30 V/mm. Moreover, the apoptotic nuclei indices of blastocysts derived from zygotes electroporated by voltages greater than 30 V/mm significantly increased compared with those from zygotes electroporated by voltages less than 25 V/mm (p < .05). When zygotes were electroporated with Cas9 mRNA and single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting site in the FGF10 exon 3, the proportions of blastocysts with targeted genomic sequences were 7.7% (2/26) and 3.6% (1/28) in the embryos derived from zygotes electroporated at 25 V/mm and 30 V/mm, respectively. Our results indicate that electroporation at 25 V/mm may be an acceptable condition for introducing Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into pig IVF zygotes under which the viability of the embryos is not significantly affected.
Effectiveness of controlled internal drug release device treatment to alleviate reproductive seasonality in anestrus lactating or dry Barki and Rahmani ewes during non‐breeding season
Authors: EL‐Mokadem MY , Nour El‐Din ANM , Ramadan TA , Rashad AM , Taha TA , Samak MA , Salem MH 
Published: November 2017

ContentsThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hormonal treatments on ovarian activity and reproductive performance in Barki and Rahmani ewes during non‐breeding season. Forty‐eight multiparous ewes, 24 Barki and 24 Rahmani ewes were divided into two groups, 12 lactating and 12 dry ewes for each breed. Controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device was inserted in all ewes for 14 days in conjunction with intramuscular 500 IU equine chronic gonadotrophin (eCG) at day of CIDR removal. Data were analysed using PROC MIXED of SAS for repeated measures. Breed, physiological status and days were used as fixed effects and individual ewes as random effects. Barki ewes recorded higher (p < .05) total number of follicles, number of large follicles, serum estradiol concentration and estradiol: progesterone (E2:P4) ratio compared to Rahmani ewes. Lactating ewes recorded higher (p < .05) number of small follicles and lower concentration of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to dry ewes. Number and diameter of large follicles recorded the highest (p < .05) values accompanied with disappearance of corpora lutea at day of mating. Serum progesterone concentration recorded lower (p < .05) value at day of mating and the highest (p < .05) value at day 35 after mating. CIDR‐eCG protocol induced 100% oestrous behaviour in both breeds, but Rahmani ewes recorded longer (p < .05) oestrous duration compared to Barki. Conception failure was higher (p < .05) in Barki compared to Rahmani ewes. In conclusion, CIDR‐eCG protocol was more potent in improving ovarian activity in Barki compared to Rahmani ewes, but this protocol seems to induce hormonal imbalance in Barki ewes that resulted in increasing conception failure compared to Rahmani ewes.
Acute stimulation of a smooth muscle constrictor by oestradiol‐17β via GPER1 in bovine oviducts
Authors: Nishie T , Kobayashi Y , Kimura K , Okuda K 
Published: November 2017

ContentsOviducts play roles in reproductive processes, including gametes transport, fertilization and early embryo development. Oviductal transport is controlled by various factors such as endothelins (EDNs) and nitric oxide (NO), smooth muscle contracting and relaxing factor, respectively. EDNs and NO production depend on an ovarian steroid hormone, oestradiol‐17β (E2) and E2 quickly exerts their biological functions through G protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), which mediates rapid intracellular signalling. Because follicular fluid which contains a high concentration of E2 enters the oviduct, we hypothesized that E2 in the follicular fluid participates via GPER1 in producing EDNs and NO. To test this hypothesis, we investigated 1) the expression and localization of GPER1 in bovine oviductal tissues and 2) rapid effects of E2 via GPER1 on EDN1, EDN2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in cultured bovine oviductal isthmic epithelial cells. GPER1 was observed in the oviductal epithelium, stroma and smooth muscle, and its expression was highest in the isthmus. Short‐term treatments (≤1 hr) of E2 increased EDN2 mRNA expression in the isthmic epithelial cells, although E2 did not affect EDN1 and iNOS mRNA expressions. Results of GPER1‐selective agonist G‐1 and GPER1‐selective antagonist G‐15 treatments revealed acute stimulation by E2, which is mediated via GPER1. The overall findings suggested that E2 in follicular fluid rapidly stimulates EDN2 expression via GPER1 in the isthmic epithelial cells. Follicular fluid may play a role in retention of the ovulated oocyte in the end of ampulla by contracting the isthmus for successful fertilization.
Comparative analysis of ovarian transcriptomes between prolific and non‐prolific goat breeds via high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Zi X‐D , Lu J‐Y , Zhou H , Ma L , Xia W , Xiong X‐R , Lan D‐L , Wu X‐H 
Published: November 2017

ContentsTo increase the current understanding of the gene expression in the pre‐ovulatory ovary and identify the key genes involved in the regulation of ovulation rate, we compared the transcriptomes of ovaries from the prolific Jintang black goat (JTG) and the non‐prolific Tibetan goat (TBG) during the follicular phase using the Illumina RNA‐Seq method. Three ovarian libraries were constructed for each breed. On average, we obtained approximately 49.2 and 45.9 million reads for each individual ovary of TBGs and JTGs, respectively, of which 79.76% and 78.67% reads were covered in the genome database. A total of 407 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected between these two breeds, in which 316 were upregulated, and 91 were downregulated in the ovaries of JTGs versus TBGs. Based on the results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, some of these DEGs potentially play an important role in controlling the development of ovarian follicles. SRD5A2, MSMB, STAR and 3BHSD, etc. were the most significantly differentially expressed between these two distinct breeds. In addition, each ovary expressed 1,066 versus 989 novel transcripts, and 171,829 versus 140,529 putative SNPs in TBGs versus JTBs, respectively. All data sets (GEO and dbSNP) were available via public repositories. Our study provides insight into the transcriptional regulation of the ovaries of two distinct breeds of goats that might serve as a key resource for understanding goat fecundity. SRD5A2, MSMB, STAR and 3BHSD may be associated with the high fecundity of JTGs.
Analysis of the influence of collagen fibres in the dermis on skin optical reflectance by Monte Carlo simulation in a nine‐layered skin model
Authors: Masuda Y. , Ogura Y. , Inagaki Y. , Yasui T. , Aizu Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundCollagen fibres in the dermis play an important structural role in the skin. Age‐related changes to these fibres cause wrinkles and slackness of facial skin. However, it is not clear how dermal collagen fibres affect skin colour. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of altered collagen fibres on skin colour, using both experimental measurement of fibre density and Monte Carlo simulations in an optical model of skin.MethodsReflection spectra were measured from the cheeks of 12 Japanese women (22‐65 years old) by spectral colorimeter. Two‐dimensional autocorrelation functions were calculated from second harmonics generation (SHG) images acquired from the same locations and used to calculate collagen density indices. Monte Carlo simulations of light reflectance by skin were performed using a nine‐layered model that precisely imitates skin structure. The relationship between dermal collagen fibre density and skin reflection spectra was analysed.ResultsA positive correlation was found between collagen density and skin brightness, as measured by the colour value, L* (using the L*a*b* colour space). In addition, collagen density showed a strong inverse correlation with age and with the optical absorption of dermis. The Monte Carlo simulations showed that the reflection spectrum of skin changes when the scattering coefficient of the dermis is altered. These changes were the same for simulated and experimentally measured reflection spectra.ConclusionWhen collagen fibre density in the upper dermis is decreased with age, skin colour becomes less bright because light scattering in the skin is decreased.
“Best practice” for extracorporeal photopheresis in acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease by Societa’ Italiana di Emaferesi and Manipolazione Cellulare and Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Midollo Osseo: a national survey to ascertain its degree of application in Italian transplant centers
Authors: Pierelli Luca , Bosi Alberto , Olivieri Attilio 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDA recent “best practice” promoted and published by Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Midollo Osseo (GITMO) and Societa’ Italiana di Emaferesi and Manipolazione Cellulare (SIDEM) on the use of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) has been tested for the degree of agreement and application among Italian transplant centers.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTwenty‐four Italian centers coordinating a pair number of transplant programs completed the Web‐based survey within the fixed deadline, representing approximately 52% of those centers that have a GITMO‐accredited allogeneic transplant program that routinely uses ECP in GVHD.RESULTSThe level of full agreement was more than 85% for most of the answers given by the best practice (14 of 16) to the various issues. For the answers of two questions dealing with indications of ECP in acute GVHD and with safety and quality measures we observed a full agreement of 62 and 50%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis report shows a very good success of best practice among Italian centers, indicating that, after 3 years, it seems to be still updated and useful. More discussion has been observed for safety and quality measures and, likely, this issue deserves a dedicated focus on a future consensus report.
Management of skin toxicity caused by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: an evidence-based implementation project
Authors: Guo Xiaolu , Peters Micah D.J. , Lu Zhenqi 
Published: November 2017

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background:
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) bind to and inhibit epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) in cancer cells, slowing/preventing tumor growth. As a type of “targeted therapy”, they have demonstrated therapeutic effects on solid tumors including colorectal, lung, and head and neck cancers. While effective, various skin reactions are associated with EGFRI therapy which can lead to dose modification or discontinuation as well as discomfort, pain and reduced quality of life. With adequate knowledge and skills, EGFRI-induced skin toxicity can be effectively managed collaboratively by clinicians and people affected by cancer.

Objectives:
This project aimed to improve management of skin toxicity caused by EGFRIs by implementing evidence-informed practice within a chemotherapy department.

Methods:
Evidence-informed recommendations for practice and corresponding audit criteria were developed based on a series of literature reviews. Current practice was reviewed against these criteria with 19 nurses and 21 patients within a chemotherapy department. Barriers to adherence to evidence-informed practice were identified and strategies to improve compliance were implemented with clinicians and patients. A follow-up audit against the criteria was used to measure changes in clinical practice.

Results:
Multiple strategies for getting research into practice appear to have been successful. The follow-up audit demonstrated large improvements in compliance across all audit criteria in comparison with baseline results with all but one criterion achieving 100% compliance. Low rates of suspected infection meant that clinical practice could not be measured for criterion 7.

Conclusions:
Auditing current practice and implementation of strategies to improve compliance with evidence-informed practice were effective. Sustaining these improvements is vital to ensure clinical practice continues to support better patient outcomes.