bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineral Mapping of Lunar Highland Region using Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Sivakumar V. , Neelakantan R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:
Mineral mapping of lunar surface is significant to understand the origin, crustal evolution, geological history and stratigraphy of the Moon. Advancements in orbital satellite sensor technology has allowed discriminating the minerals on lunar surface using hyperspectral data. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) onboard Chandrayaan-1 provides unprecedented data of lunar surface to study about the Moon. In this paper, the minerals in and around Wegener crater on the lunar highland region was investigated using M3 data. For this purpose, we used spectral similarity mapping (SSM) and band shape methods to discriminate minerals in this region. In SSM, dimensionality of M3 data is reduced using Maximum Noise Fraction (MNF) and spectral end-members are extracted through Pixel Purity Index (PPI) algorithm. The mineralogical diversity is classified using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) algorithm. In addition, different band shape algorithms such as band curvature (bc), band strength (bs), band tilt (bt) and band ratio (br) at crucial wavelengths are applied to recognise the minerals. Low-Ca pyroxene (LCP) minerals are identified in and around this region. The presence of LCP minerals may be attributed to magmatic differentiation or later stage layered mafic intrusions.
Laterite Covered Mafic-ultramafic Rocks: Potential Target for Chromite Exploration – A Case Study from Southern Part of Tangarparha, Odisha
Authors: Mandal Animesh , Mohanty William K. , Sharma Shashi Prakash , Gupta Saibal 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:
Exposed chromite deposits in the Sukinda belt, Odisha, India, have already been identified and exploited; but a large part of the area is covered by laterite and remains unexplored. As a case study to establish the feasibility of chromite exploration under laterite rocks, an integrated ground-based gravity, magnetic and very low frequency (VLF) - electromagnetic study was performed over a laterite-covered area at Tangarparha within the belt. North of the present laterite-covered area, a quartzofeldspathic gneiss contains proved chromite pods within ultramafic complexes. The gneiss-laterite contact is depicted by a transition from low to high in both gravity and magnetic anomaly maps at the northern part of the present study area. High Bouguer and residual anomalies (&gt; 10 mGal and &gt; 1 mGal, respectively) within the laterite-covered area indicates the existence of a high density rock in the sub-surface. The 2D models of the residual gravity anomaly depict the presence of high density (&gt; 3570 kg/m3) layer under the laterite cover. The 2D magnetic models mostly reveal shallow surface effects of laterite covers. However, along profiles P2 and P3 high magnetic susceptibilities are detected at depths ≥20 m, and are likely to be caused by sub-surface chromite mineralization, as the locations are coincident with gravity highs. High current densities in VLF profiles are also recorded at the same locations confirming the presence of conducting sub-surface layer. Thus, the zone with high density, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity is most likely to be a chromitite-bearing sub-surface layer. The targeted chromite ore is distributed in east-west direction in the form of discontinuous pods of variable vertical thickness and strike lengths at the central-eastern part of profiles P2 and P3. The present study demonstrates that integrated use of ground gravity, magnetic and VLF techniques can effectively identify the target chromite deposits even under lateritic cover.
Can Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Survey Detect Graphite Deposits in the Subsurface? Initial Results from Daltanganj, Jharkhand
Authors: Biswas Arkoprovo , Sharma Shashi Prakash 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:
Very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) survey has been carried out near an open cast mine of graphite deposit in Daltanganj, India. The area has a small mineable open cast mine where mining companies are digging randomly to excavate graphite deposits. The miners fail to find a good amount of graphite deposit as they do not have any prior knowledge about the actual structure and deposition. Since graphite is a non-metallic mineral but holds high conductivity contrast with its neighboring host rocks (Granite gneiss/schist), electromagnetic survey is suitable to map the area. Therefore VLF-EM survey was conducted near the open cast mine to determine the sub-surface graphite deposit and their structural control. The present study shows that there are thick conducting zones associated mainly with graphite mineralization located near to the old mine with a depth of around 40 m and width of ~ 80m. VLF-EM effectively utilized to target the sub-surface graphite mineralization and associated structures in reducing the cost and time for further geophysical surveys. However, other geoelectrical methods can be used to validate the graphite deposits.
Thermally Altered Coals from Bore Core EBM-1, East Bokaro Coal Field, Damodar Valley, India: A Petrographic Inference
Authors: Mahesh S. , Murthy Srikanta , Singh Vikram Partap , Roy Jyoti Shankar 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:
Petrographic analysis of the coals from bore core EBM-1 of East Bokaro Coalfield revealed characteristic changes as a result of thermal alteration by an intrusive body. The enhancement of ‘rank’ (increase in the VRr% values) is observed in the heat affected coal in the lower part of the bore core. The vitrinite in the coal at a depth of 984.95 m showed devolatilization vacuoles and initiation of mosaic structure due to heat alteration, dessication cracks and micropores. Meta-liptinite having reflectance value higher (1.67%) than that of the host vitrinite (1.09% - 1.36%) was also recorded. Bi-reflectance values of the un-altered coals were normal in the range of 0.06% - 0.09% where as the altered coal at a depth of 984.95 m showed an abnormal increase in the values (0.23%). Presence of secondary injected mineral matter and char particles further indicate the effect of thermal alteration. Palynological investigation of both altered and un-altered coal reveals that the palynomorphs recovered from the altered coal are dark and opaque due to the charring effect while the palynomorphs from un-altered coals exhibit a clear internal structure and can be easily identified.
Rainfall and Anthropogenically Accelerated Mass Movement in the Outer Himalaya, North of Dharamshala Town, Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh: A Cause of Concern
Authors: Sharma Rajwant , Sharma Umesh Kumar , Mahajan A.K. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:
The present study has been done to evaluate the lithotectonic, geomorphic, hydrological and climatic factors responsible for the Tirah Line landslide, as well as, the anthropogenic factors that have augmented the damage potential of the slide. The town of Dharamsala and its suburbs in the Kangra valley provide a type example where unplanned development and urbanization has added to the hazard from landslides beside other factors. A devastating landslide occurred on 7th August, 2013 near Tirah Line locality of Dharamsala cantonment area, district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, and damaged more than 25 houses completely. An estimated 0.1 sq.km of area of unconsolidated mass slid SSE down the terminal part of a thick alluvial fan on the left bank of the local drainage. The slide occurred after continuous heavy to very heavy rainfall for 4 days in August 2013 in the region when all the drainage remained in bankful position. Factors involved in slide were steep slope, continuous infiltration of water soak pits (sewage system) located up slopes, continuous heavy to very heavy rainfall and toe erosion by local drainage. The slide was moved in multiple phases due to continuous rainfall in the area.
A Review on ‘Geo-ecological Studies’ - An Interdisciplinary Approach for Evaluation and Sustainable Management of ‘Geo-ecosystems’
Authors: Kumar Amit , Deshmukh Benidhar 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:
Review of literature on relevance and utility of geo-ecological studies revealed that these were applied to deal with various issues of geo-ecosystem such as natural resources management, characterization of ecosystems, characterization of landscapes, soil, environment, climate change, and vegetation modeling. It was observed that the period from 1970 to 1990 was the conceptual phase of geo-ecological studies and its applications gained momentum after 1990. Though reported from limited regions worldwide, geo-ecological applications have yielded significant results, however, their potential is not fully utilized. There is a need to adopt and popularize geo-ecology to deal with complex geo-ecosystem issues using modern geospatial tools like remote sensing and geographic information system. These tools are capable of multilayered analyses of voluminous baseline data required for geo-ecological investigations. A comprehensive geo-ecological information system (GEIS) may also be created for a region, which will act as decision support system for planners and administrators.
Governance and policy capacity in health development and implementation in Australia
Authors: Hughes A , Gleeson D , Legge D , Lin V 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article examines policy capacity in the context of Australian health authorities in relation to the challenges confronting policy workers and senior managers in these agencies. The article reports the challenges identified by our informants in relation to political structures, roles and responsibilities of other portfolios and governments, interactions between policy officials and with the minister and the minister's office, whole of government policy approaches, stakeholder and public demands and expectations, and media pressures. The experience of these senior managers and policy workers is then reinterpreted in terms of a nodal governance model. The findings from the Australian study on policy capacity, interpreted in the context of nodal governance, is then used to discuss the features of “governance capacity” as articulated in the matrix model of policy capacity developed by Wu, Ramesh and Howlett (2015).
FABRICS OF LOYALTY: THE POLITICS OF INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY WAX PRINT CLOTH IN CAMEROON
Authors: Pommerolle Marie-Emmanuelle , Ngaméni Nadine Machikou 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBased on a study of the International Women's Day (8 March), a truly popular event in Cameroon, this article attempts to understand the dynamics of state mobilization in this long-lasting regime. By observing the production and use of one of its symbolic objects, thepagne du 8 mars(a dedicated wax print), it sheds significant light on the social fabric of loyalty and the articulation of loyalist and disruptive popular mobilizations and allows us to move beyond ready-made, state-centred explanations. As an object of exchange and social distinction, thepagneprovides women with a variety of ways of interacting (or not interacting) with the state and with men. Although, on the face of it, the act of dressing in the day's cloth may be seen as an expression of collective loyalty to the regime, one cannot assume that it represents a single, undifferentiated approach to authority. Licentious behaviour while wearing thispagnemay even represent a real condemnation of moral and political power imposed on women. For the moment, however, this ritual and its popular mobilization are sufficient for the government's purposes: it is able to point to the event as an example of its capacity to mobilize its female citizens, thereby showing that its claims to legitimacy are well-founded.
A paper-based microfluidic biosensor integrating zinc oxide nanowires for electrochemical glucose detection
Authors: Li Xiao , Zhao Chen , Liu Xinyu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper reports an electrochemical microfluidic paper-based analytical device (EμPAD) for glucose detection, featuring a highly sensitive working electrode (WE) decorated with zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs). In addition to the common features of μPADs, such as their low costs, high portability/disposability, and ease of operation, the reported EμPAD has three further advantages. (i) It provides higher sensitivity and a lower limit of detection (LOD) than previously reported μPADs because of the high surface-to-volume ratio and high enzyme-capturing efficiency of the ZnO NWs. (ii) It does not need any light-sensitive electron mediator (as is usually required in enzymatic glucose sensing), which leads to enhanced biosensing stability. (iii) The ZnO NWs are directly synthesized on the paper substrate via low-temperature hydrothermal growth, representing a simple, low-cost, consistent, and mass-producible process. To achieve superior analytical performance, the on-chip stored enzyme (glucose oxidase) dose and the assay incubation time are tuned. More importantly, the critical design parameters of the EμPAD, including the WE area and the ZnO-NW growth level, are adjusted to yield tunable ranges for the assay sensitivity and LOD. The highest sensitivity that we have achieved is 8.24 μA·mM−1·cm−2, with a corresponding LOD of 59.5 μM. By choosing the right combination of design parameters, we constructed EμPADs that cover the range of clinically relevant glucose concentrations (0−15 mM) and fully calibrated these devices using spiked phosphate-buffered saline and human serum. We believe that the reported approach for integrating ZnO NWs on EμPADs could be well utilized in many other designs of EμPADs and provides a facile and inexpensive paradigm for further enhancing the device performance.
Transcriptional regulation of PIN genes by FOUR LIPS and MYB88 during Arabidopsis root gravitropism
Authors: Wang Hong-Zhe , Yang Ke-Zhen , Zou Jun-Jie , Zhu Ling-Ling , Xie Zi Dian , Morita Miyo Terao , Tasaka Masao , Friml Jiří , Grotewold Erich , Beeckman Tom , Vanneste Steffen , Sack Fred , Le Jie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPIN proteins are auxin export carriers that direct intercellular auxin flow and in turn regulate many aspects of plant growth and development including responses to environmental changes. The Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB transcription factor FOUR LIPS (FLP) and its paralogue MYB88 regulate terminal divisions during stomatal development, as well as female reproductive development and stress responses. Here we show that FLP and MYB88 act redundantly but differentially in regulating the transcription of PIN3 and PIN7 in gravity-sensing cells of primary and lateral roots. On the one hand, FLP is involved in responses to gravity stimulation in primary roots, whereas on the other, FLP and MYB88 function complementarily in establishing the gravitropic set-point angles of lateral roots. Our results support a model in which FLP and MYB88 expression specifically determines the temporal-spatial patterns of PIN3 and PIN7 transcription that are closely associated with their preferential functions during root responses to gravity.
GRPR-targeted Protein Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging of Receptor Expression in Cancers by MRI
Authors: Pu Fan , Qiao Jingjuan , Xue Shenghui , Yang Hua , Patel Anvi , Wei Lixia , Hekmatyar Khan , Salarian Mani , Grossniklaus Hans E. , Liu Zhi-Ren , Yang Jenny J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is differentially expressed on the surfaces of various diseased cells, including prostate and lung cancer. However, monitoring temporal and spatial expression of GRPR in vivo by clinical MRI is severely hampered by the lack of contrast agents with high relaxivity, targeting capability and tumor penetration. Here, we report the development of a GRPR-targeted MRI contrast agent by grafting the GRPR targeting moiety into a scaffold protein with a designed Gd3+ binding site (ProCA1.GRPR). In addition to its strong binding affinity for GRPR (Kd = 2.7 nM), ProCA1.GRPR has high relaxivity (r1 = 42.0 mM−1s−1 at 1.5 T and 25 °C) and strong Gd3+ selectivity over physiological metal ions. ProCA1.GRPR enables in vivo detection of GRPR expression and spatial distribution in both PC3 and H441 tumors in mice using MRI. ProCA1.GRPR is expected to have important preclinical and clinical implications for the early detection of cancer and for monitoring treatment effects.
Visible-Light Actinometry and Intermittent Illumination as Convenient Tools to Study Ru(bpy)3Cl2 Mediated Photoredox Transformations
Authors: Pitre Spencer P. , McTiernan Christopher D. , Vine Wyatt , DiPucchio Rebecca , Grenier Michel , Scaiano Juan C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPhotoredox catalysis provides many green opportunities for radical-mediated synthetic transformations. However, the determination of the underlying mechanisms has been challenging due to lack of quantitative methods that can be easily implemented in synthetic labs, where this research tends to be centered. We report here on the development, characterization and calibration of a novel actinometer based on the photocatalyst tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru(bpy)3Cl2). By using the same molecule as the photocatalyst and the actinometer, we eliminate problems associated with matching sample spectral distribution, lamp-sample spectral overlap and other problems intrinsic to doing quantitative photochemistry in a laboratory that has little expertise in this area. In order to validate our actinometer system in determining the quantum yield of a Ru(bpy)3Cl2 photosensitized reaction, we test the Ru(bpy)3Cl2 catalyzed oxidation of benzhydrol to benzophenone as a model chain reaction. We also revive the rotating sector method by updating the technique for modern LED technologies and demonstrate how intermittent illumination on the timescale of milliseconds to seconds can help probe a chain reaction, using the benzhydrol to benzophenone oxidation to validate the technique. We envision these methods to have great implications in the field of photoredox catalysis, providing researchers with valuable research tools.
Structural insights into HetR−PatS interaction involved in cyanobacterial pattern formation
Authors: Hu Hai-Xi , Jiang Yong-Liang , Zhao Meng-Xi , Cai Kun , Liu Sanling , Wen Bin , Lv Pei , Zhang Yonghui , Peng Junhui , Zhong Hui , Yu Hong-Mei , Ren Yan-Min , Zhang Zhiyong , Tian Changlin , Wu Qingfa , Oliveberg Mikael , Zhang Cheng-Cai , Chen Yuxing , Zhou Cong-Zhao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe one-dimensional pattern of heterocyst in the model cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is coordinated by the transcription factor HetR and PatS peptide. Here we report the complex structures of HetR binding to DNA and its hood domain (HetRHood) binding to a PatS-derived hexapeptide (PatS6) at 2.80 and 2.10 Å, respectively. The intertwined HetR dimer possesses a couple of novel HTH motifs, each of which consists of two canonical α-helices in the DNA-binding domain and an auxiliary α-helix from the flap domain of the neighboring subunit. Two PatS6 peptides bind to the lateral clefts of HetRHood and trigger significant conformational changes of the flap domain, resulting in dissociation of the auxiliary α-helix and eventually release of HetR from the DNA major grove. These findings provide the structural insights into a prokaryotic example of Turing model.
Histone deacetylase 3 inhibition re-establishes synaptic tagging and capture in aging through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B
Authors: Sharma Mahima , Shivarama Shetty Mahesh , Arumugam Thiruma Valavan , Sajikumar Sreedharan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAging is associated with impaired plasticity and memory. Altered epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in the impairment of memory with advanced aging. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is an important negative regulator of memory. However, the role of HDAC3 in aged neural networks is not well established. Late long-term potentiation (late-LTP), a cellular correlate of memory and its associative mechanisms such as synaptic tagging and capture (STC) were studied in the CA1 area of hippocampal slices from 82–84 week old rats. Our findings demonstrate that aging is associated with deficits in the magnitude of LTP and impaired STC. Inhibition of HDAC3 augments the late-LTP and re-establishes STC. The augmentation of late-LTP and restoration of STC is mediated by the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway. We provide evidence for the promotion of associative plasticity in aged neural networks by HDAC3 inhibition and hence propose HDAC3 and NFκB as the possible therapeutic targets for treating age -related cognitive decline.
Genetic Associations of Interleukin-related Genes with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wong Kah Hie , Rong Shi Song , Chong Kelvin K. L. , Young Alvin L. , Pang Chi Pui , Chen Li Jia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGraves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the commonest extra-thyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Associations between interleukin-related (IL) gene polymorphisms and GO have been reported in different populations. We aim to confirm such associations by conducting a meta-analysis. Totally 382 publications were retrieved in MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 25/2/2015. After removing the duplicates and assessing the studies, we retrieved 16 studies that met the selection criteria for meta-analysis, involving 12 polymorphisms in 8 IL-related genes and 1650 GO cases and 2909 GD controls. The summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. We found one polymorphism in IL1A (rs1800587, c.-889C>T) showing a suggestive association with GO in the meta-analysis (allelic model [T vs. C]: OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.00–2.62, P = 0.050, I2 = 53.7%; recessive model [TT vs. TC + CC]: OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.07–5.37, P = 0.039, I2 = 23.6%; heterozygous model [TC vs. CC]: OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04–2.22, P = 0.034, I2 = 37.0%). No association with GO was detected for the other 7 genes (IL1B, IL1RA, IL4, IL6, IL12B, IL13 and IL23R). Our results thus indicate that IL1A is likely to be a genetic biomarker for GO. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm the associations of IL1A and other IL-related genes with GO.
Diffractive Optical Analysis for Refractive Index Sensing using Transparent Phase Gratings
Authors: Kumawat Nityanand , Pal Parama , Varma Manoj 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report the implementation of a micro-patterned, glass-based photonic sensing element that is capable of label-free biosensing. The diffractive optical analyzer is based on the differential response of diffracted orders to bulk as well as surface refractive index changes. The differential read-out suppresses signal drifts and enables time-resolved determination of refractive index changes in the sample cell. A remarkable feature of this device is that under appropriate conditions, the measurement sensitivity of the sensor can be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude due to interference between multiply reflected diffracted orders. A noise-equivalent limit of detection (LoD) of 6 × 10−7 was achieved with this technique with scope for further improvement.