bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The global coverage of prevalence data for mental disorders in children and adolescents
Authors: Erskine H. E. , Baxter A. J. , Patton G. , Moffitt T. E. , Patel V. , Whiteford H. A. , Scott J. G. 
Published: January 2016

Aims.Children and adolescents make up almost a quarter of the world's population with 85% living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, mental (and substance use) disorders are the leading cause of disability in young people; however, the representativeness or ‘coverage’ of the prevalence data is unknown. Coverage refers to the proportion of the target population (ages 5–17 years) represented by the available data.Methods.Prevalence data for conduct disorder (CD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), eating disorders (EDs), depression, and anxiety disorders were sourced from systematic reviews conducted for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) and 2013 (GBD 2013). For each study, the location proportion was multiplied by the age proportion to give study coverage. Location proportion was calculated by dividing the total study location population by the total country population. Age proportion was calculated by dividing the population of the country aged within the age range of the study sample by the country population aged 5–17 years. If a study only sampled one sex, study coverage was halved. Coverage across studies was then summed for each country to give coverage by country. This method was repeated at the region and global level, and separately for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010.Results.Mean global coverage of prevalence data for mental disorders in ages 5–17 years was 6.7% (CD: 5.0%, ADHD: 5.5%, ASDs: 16.1%, EDs: 4.4%, depression: 6.2%, anxiety: 3.2%). Of 187 countries, 124 had no data for any disorder. Many LMICs were poorly represented in the available prevalence data, for example, no region in sub-Saharan Africa had more than 2% coverage for any disorder. While coverage increased between GBD 2010 and GBD 2013, this differed greatly between disorders and few new countries provided data.Conclusions.The global coverage of prevalence data for mental disorders in children and adolescents is limited. Practical methodology must be developed and epidemiological surveys funded to provide representative prevalence estimates so as to inform appropriate resource allocation and support policies that address mental health needs of children and adolescents.
Quantifying the origin of metallic glass formation
Authors: Johnson W. L. , Na J. H. , Demetriou M. D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe waiting time to form a crystal in a unit volume of homogeneous undercooled liquid exhibits a pronounced minimum τX* at a ‘nose temperature’ T* located between the glass transition temperature Tg, and the crystal melting temperature, TL. Turnbull argued that τX* should increase rapidly with the dimensionless ratio trg=Tg/TL. Angell introduced a dimensionless ‘fragility parameter’, m, to characterize the fall of atomic mobility with temperature above Tg. Both trg and m are widely thought to play a significant role in determining τX*. Here we survey and assess reported data for TL, Tg, trg, m and τX* for a broad range of metallic glasses with widely varying τX*. By analysing this database, we derive a simple empirical expression for τX*(trg, m) that depends exponentially on trg and m, and two fitting parameters. A statistical analysis shows that knowledge of trg and m alone is therefore sufficient to predict τX* within estimated experimental errors. Surprisingly, the liquid/crystal interfacial free energy does not appear in this expression for τX*.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress drives proteinuria-induced kidney lesions via Lipocalin 2
Authors: El Karoui Khalil , Viau Amandine , Dellis Olivier , Bagattin Alessia , Nguyen Clément , Baron William , Burtin Martine , Broueilh Mélanie , Heidet Laurence , Mollet Géraldine , Druilhe Anne , Antignac Corinne , Knebelmann Bertrand , Friedlander Gérard , Bienaimé Frank , Gallazzini Morgan , Terzi Fabiola 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn chronic kidney disease (CKD), proteinuria results in severe tubulointerstitial lesions, which ultimately lead to end-stage renal disease. Here we identify 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a chemical chaperone already used in humans, as a novel therapeutic strategy capable to counteract the toxic effect of proteinuria. Mechanistically, we show that albumin induces tubular unfolded protein response via cytosolic calcium rise, which leads to tubular apoptosis by Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) modulation through ATF4. Consistent with the key role of LCN2 in CKD progression, Lcn2 gene inactivation decreases ER stress-induced apoptosis, tubulointerstitial lesions and mortality in proteinuric mice. More importantly, the inhibition of this pathway by PBA protects kidneys from morphological and functional degradation in proteinuric mice. These results are relevant to human CKD, as LCN2 is increased in proteinuric patients. In conclusion, our study identifies a therapeutic strategy susceptible to improve the benefit of RAS inhibitors in proteinuria-induced CKD progression.
Removal of the mechanoprotective influence of the cytoskeleton reveals PIEZO1 is gated by bilayer tension
Authors: Cox Charles D. , Bae Chilman , Ziegler Lynn , Hartley Silas , Nikolova-Krstevski Vesna , Rohde Paul R. , Ng Chai-Ann , Sachs Frederick , Gottlieb Philip A. , Martinac Boris 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMechanosensitive ion channels are force-transducing enzymes that couple mechanical stimuli to ion flux. Understanding the gating mechanism of mechanosensitive channels is challenging because the stimulus seen by the channel reflects forces shared between the membrane, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Here we examine whether the mechanosensitive channel PIEZO1 is activated by force-transmission through the bilayer. To achieve this, we generate HEK293 cell membrane blebs largely free of cytoskeleton. Using the bacterial channel MscL, we calibrate the bilayer tension demonstrating that activation of MscL in blebs is identical to that in reconstituted bilayers. Utilizing a novel PIEZO1–GFP fusion, we then show PIEZO1 is activated by bilayer tension in bleb membranes, gating at lower pressures indicative of removal of the cortical cytoskeleton and the mechanoprotection it provides. Thus, PIEZO1 channels must sense force directly transmitted through the bilayer.
The onset of visual experience gates auditory cortex critical periods
Authors: Mowery Todd M. , Kotak Vibhakar C. , Sanes Dan H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSensory systems influence one another during development and deprivation can lead to cross-modal plasticity. As auditory function begins before vision, we investigate the effect of manipulating visual experience during auditory cortex critical periods (CPs) by assessing the influence of early, normal and delayed eyelid opening on hearing loss-induced changes to membrane and inhibitory synaptic properties. Early eyelid opening closes the auditory cortex CPs precociously and dark rearing prevents this effect. In contrast, delayed eyelid opening extends the auditory cortex CPs by several additional days. The CP for recovery from hearing loss is also closed prematurely by early eyelid opening and extended by delayed eyelid opening. Furthermore, when coupled with transient hearing loss that animals normally fully recover from, very early visual experience leads to inhibitory deficits that persist into adulthood. Finally, we demonstrate a functional projection from the visual to auditory cortex that could mediate these effects.
In vivo covalent cross-linking of photon-converted rare-earth nanostructures for tumour localization and theranostics
Authors: Ai Xiangzhao , Ho Chris Jun Hui , Aw Junxin , Attia Amalina Binte Ebrahim , Mu Jing , Wang Yu , Wang Xiaoyong , Wang Yong , Liu Xiaogang , Chen Huabing , Gao Mingyuan , Chen Xiaoyuan , Yeow Edwin K.L. , Liu Gang , Olivo Malini , Xing Bengang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe development of precision nanomedicines to direct nanostructure-based reagents into tumour-targeted areas remains a critical challenge in clinics. Chemical reaction-mediated localization in response to tumour environmental perturbations offers promising opportunities for rational design of effective nano-theranostics. Here, we present a unique microenvironment-sensitive strategy for localization of peptide-premodified upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) within tumour areas. Upon tumour-specific cathepsin protease reactions, the cleavage of peptides induces covalent cross-linking between the exposed cysteine and 2-cyanobenzothiazole on neighbouring particles, thus triggering the accumulation of UCNs into tumour site. Such enzyme-triggered cross-linking of UCNs leads to enhanced upconversion emission upon 808 nm laser irradiation, and in turn amplifies the singlet oxygen generation from the photosensitizers attached on UCNs. Importantly, this design enables remarkable tumour inhibition through either intratumoral UCNs injection or intravenous injection of nanoparticles modified with the targeting ligand. Our strategy may provide a multimodality solution for effective molecular sensing and site-specific tumour treatment.
Irx3 is required for postnatal maturation of the mouse ventricular conduction system
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Han , Rosen Anna , Hussein Samer M. I. , Puviindran Vijitha , Korogyi Adam S. , Chiarello Carmelina , Nagy Andras , Hui Chi-chung , Backx Peter H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe ventricular conduction system (VCS) orchestrates the harmonious contraction in every heartbeat. Defects in the VCS are often associated with life-threatening arrhythmias and also promote adverse remodeling in heart disease. We have previously established that theIrx3homeobox gene regulates rapid electrical propagation in the VCS by modulating the transcription of gap junction proteins Cx40 and Cx43. However, it is unknown whether other factors contribute to the conduction defects observed inIrx3knockout (Irx3−/−) mice. In this study, we show that during the early postnatal period,Irx3−/−mice develop morphological defects in the VCS which are temporally dissociated from changes in gap junction expression. These morphological defects were accompanied with progressive changes in the cardiac electrocardiogram including right bundle branch block. Hypoplastic VCS was not associated with increased apoptosis of VCS cardiomyocytes but with a lack of recruitment and maturation of ventricular cardiomyocytes into the VCS. Computational analysis followed by functional verification revealed that Irx3 promotes VCS-enriched transcripts targeted by Nkx2.5 and/or Tbx5. Altogether, these results indicate that, in addition to ensuring the appropriate expression of gap junctional channels in the VCS,Irx3is necessary for the postnatal maturation of the VCS, possibly via its interactions with Tbx5 and Nkx2.5.
A sex-inducing pheromone triggers cell cycle arrest and mate attraction in the diatom Seminavis robusta
Authors: Moeys Sara , Frenkel Johannes , Lembke Christine , Gillard Jeroen T. F. , Devos Valerie , Van den Berge Koen , Bouillon Barbara , Huysman Marie J. J. , De Decker Sam , Scharf Julia , Bones Atle , Brembu Tore , Winge Per , Sabbe Koen , Vuylsteke Marnik , Clement Lieven , De Veylder Lieven , Pohnert Georg , Vyverman Wim 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlthough sexual reproduction is believed to play a major role in the high diversification rates and species richness of diatoms, a mechanistic understanding of diatom life cycle control is virtually lacking. Diatom sexual signalling is controlled by a complex, yet largely unknown, pheromone system. Here, a sex-inducing pheromone (SIP+) of the benthic pennate diatom Seminavis robusta was identified by comparative metabolomics, subsequently purified and physicochemically characterized. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SIP+ triggers the switch from mitosis-to-meiosis in the opposing mating type, coupled with the transcriptional induction of proline biosynthesis genes and the release of the proline-derived attraction pheromone. The induction of cell cycle arrest by a pheromone, chemically distinct from the one used to attract the opposite mating type, highlights the existence of a sophisticated mechanism to increase chances of mate finding, while keeping the metabolic losses associated with the release of an attraction pheromone to a minimum.
Which risk scenarios can drive the emergence of costly cooperation?
Authors: Hagel Kristin , Abou Chakra Maria , Bauer Benedikt , Traulsen Arne 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn collective risk dilemmas, cooperation prevents collective loss only when players contribute sufficiently. In these more complex variants of a social dilemma, the form of the risk curve is crucial and can strongly affect the feasibility of a cooperative outcome. The risk typically depends on the sum of all individual contributions. Here, we introduce a general approach to analyze the stabilization of cooperation under any decreasing risk curve and discuss how different risk curves affect cooperative outcomes. We show that the corresponding solutions can be reached by social learning or evolutionary dynamics. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to cases where individuals do not only care about their expected payoff, but also about the associated distribution of payoffs. This approach is an essential step to understand the effects of risk decay on cooperation.
Strong lattice correlation of non-equilibrium quasiparticles in a pseudospin-1/2 Mott insulator Sr2IrO4
Authors: Li Yuelin , Schaller Richard D. , Zhu Mengze , Walko Donald A. , Kim Jungho , Ke Xianglin , Miao Ludi , Mao Z. Q. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn correlated oxides the coupling of quasiparticles to other degrees of freedom such as spin and lattice plays critical roles in the emergence of symmetry-breaking quantum ordered states such as high temperature superconductivity. We report a strong lattice coupling of photon-induced quasiparticles in spin-orbital coupling Mott insulator Sr2IrO4 probed via optical excitation. Combining time-resolved x-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy techniques, we reconstruct a spatiotemporal map of the diffusion of these quasiparticles. Due to the unique electronic configuration of the quasiparticles, the strong lattice correlation is unexpected but extends the similarity between Sr2IrO4 and cuprates to a new dimension of electron-phonon coupling which persists under highly non-equilibrium conditions.
Efficient extravasation of tumor-repopulating cells depends on cell deformability
Authors: Chen Junjian , Zhou Wenwen , Jia Qiong , Chen Junwei , Zhang Shuang , Yao Wenting , Wei Fuxiang , Zhang Yuejin , Yang Fang , Huang Wei , Zhang Yao , Zhang Huafeng , Zhang Yi , Huang Bo , Zhang Zhihong , Jia Haibo , Wang Ning 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCancer metastasis is the most deadly stage in cancer progression. Despite significant efforts over the past decades, it remains elusive why only a very small fraction of cancer cells is able to generate micrometastasis and metastatic colonization. Recently we have shown that tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs), a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of mouse melanoma cells, can be selected by being cultured and grown in 3D soft fibrin gels. Here we show that when injected into the yolk of a 2 day-post-fertilization (dpf) embryo of Tg (fli1:EGFP or kdrl:mCherry) zebrafish, TRCs are much more efficient in surviving and growing at various secondary sites to generate micrometastasis and metastatic colonization than control melanoma cells that are grown on rigid plastic. The metastasis of TRCs is dependent on the presence of Sox2, a self-renewal gene and silencing Sox2 leads to the inhibition of TRC metastasis. High-resolution of 3D confocal images of the TRCs at the secondary sites show that extravasation and formation of micrometastases by TRCs are more efficient than by the control cells. Remarkably, efficient extravasation of TRCs in vivo and transmigration in vitro are determined by TRC deformability, as a result of low Cdc42 and high Sox2. Our findings suggest that tumor cell deformability is a key factor in controlling extravasation dynamics during metastasis.
Ca2+ dynamics in oocytes from naturally-aged mice
Authors: Haverfield Jenna , Nakagawa Shoma , Love Daniel , Tsichlaki Elina , Nomikos Michail , Lai F. Anthony , Swann Karl , FitzHarris Greg 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe ability of human metaphase-II arrested eggs to activate following fertilisation declines with advancing maternal age. Egg activation is triggered by repetitive increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the ooplasm as a result of sperm-egg fusion. We therefore hypothesised that eggs from older females feature a reduced ability to mount appropriate Ca2+ responses at fertilisation. To test this hypothesis we performed the first examination of Ca2+ dynamics in eggs from young and naturally-aged mice. Strikingly, we find that Ca2+ stores and resting [Ca2+]i are unchanged with age. Although eggs from aged mice feature a reduced ability to replenish intracellular Ca2+ stores following depletion, this difference had no effect on the duration, number, or amplitude of Ca2+ oscillations following intracytoplasmic sperm injection or expression of phospholipase C zeta. In contrast, we describe a substantial reduction in the frequency and duration of oscillations in aged eggs upon parthenogenetic activation with SrCl2. We conclude that the ability to mount and respond to an appropriate Ca2+ signal at fertilisation is largely unchanged by advancing maternal age, but subtle changes in Ca2+ handling occur that may have more substantial impacts upon commonly used means of parthenogenetic activation.
Assessing the utility of Xpert® MTB/RIF as a screening tool for patients admitted to medical wards in South Africa
Authors: Heidebrecht Christine L. , Podewils Laura J. , Pym Alexander S. , Cohen Ted , Mthiyane Thuli , Wilson Douglas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMany hospital inpatients in South Africa have undiagnosed active and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). Early detection of TB is essential to inform immediate infection control actions to minimize transmission risk. We assessed the utility of Xpert® MTB/RIF (GeneXpert) as a screening tool for medical admissions at a large public hospital in South Africa. Consecutive adult patients admitted to medical wards between March-June 2013 were enrolled; sputum specimens were collected and tested by GeneXpert, smear microscopy and culture. Chest X-rays (CXRs) were conducted as standard care for all patients admitted. We evaluated the proportion of patients identified with TB disease through each diagnostic method. Among enrolled patients whose medical charts were available for review post-discharge, 61 (27%) were diagnosed with TB; 34 (56% of diagnosed TB cases) were GeneXpert positive. When patients in whom TB was identified by other means were excluded, GeneXpert yielded only four additional TB cases. However, GeneXpert identified rifampicin-resistant TB in one patient, who was initially diagnosed based on CXR. The utility of GeneXpert for TB screening was limited in an institution where CXR is conducted routinely and which serves a population in which TB and TB/HIV co-infection are highly prevalent, but it allowed for rapid detection of rifampicin resistance.
Novel ALK inhibitor AZD3463 inhibits neuroblastoma growth by overcoming crizotinib resistance and inducing apoptosis
Authors: Wang Yongfeng , Wang Long , Guan Shan , Cao Wenming , Wang Hao , Chen Zhenghu , Zhao Yanling , Yu Yang , Zhang Huiyuan , Pang Jonathan C. , Huang Sophia L. , Akiyama Yo , Yang Yifan , Sun Wenjing , Xu Xin , Shi Yan , Zhang Hong , Kim Eugene S. , Muscal Jodi A. , Lu Fengmin , Yang Jianhua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractALK receptor tyrosine kinase has been shown to be a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Germline ALK activating mutations are responsible for the majority of hereditary neuroblastoma and somatic ALK activating mutations are also frequently observed in sporadic cases of advanced NB. Crizotinib, a first-line therapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring ALK rearrangements, demonstrates striking efficacy against ALK-rearranged NB. However, crizotinib fails to effectively inhibit the activity of ALK when activating mutations are present within its kinase domain, as with the F1174L mutation. Here we show that a new ALK inhibitor AZD3463 effectively suppressed the proliferation of NB cell lines with wild type ALK (WT) as well as ALK activating mutations (F1174L and D1091N) by blocking the ALK-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and ultimately induced apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, AZD3463 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin on NB cells. AZD3463 also exhibited significant therapeutic efficacy on the growth of the NB tumors with WT and F1174L activating mutation ALK in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. These results indicate that AZD3463 is a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of NB.
The genome sequence of the outbreeding globe artichoke constructed de novo incorporating a phase-aware low-pass sequencing strategy of F1 progeny
Authors: Scaglione Davide , Reyes-Chin-Wo Sebastian , Acquadro Alberto , Froenicke Lutz , Portis Ezio , Beitel Christopher , Tirone Matteo , Mauro Rosario , Lo Monaco Antonino , Mauromicale Giovanni , Faccioli Primetta , Cattivelli Luigi , Rieseberg Loren , Michelmore Richard , Lanteri Sergio 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGlobe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) is an out-crossing, perennial, multi-use crop species that is grown worldwide and belongs to the Compositae, one of the most successful Angiosperm families. We describe the first genome sequence of globe artichoke. The assembly, comprising of 13,588 scaffolds covering 725 of the 1,084 Mb genome, was generated using ~133-fold Illumina sequencing data and encodes 26,889 predicted genes. Re-sequencing (30×) of globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon (C. cardunculus var. altilis) parental genotypes and low-coverage (0.5 to 1×) genotyping-by-sequencing of 163 F1 individuals resulted in 73% of the assembled genome being anchored in 2,178 genetic bins ordered along 17 chromosomal pseudomolecules. This was achieved using a novel pipeline, SOILoCo (Scaffold Ordering by Imputation with Low Coverage), to detect heterozygous regions and assign parental haplotypes with low sequencing read depth and of unknown phase. SOILoCo provides a powerful tool for de novo genome analysis of outcrossing species. Our data will enable genome-scale analyses of evolutionary processes among crops, weeds and wild species within and beyond the Compositae and will facilitate the identification of economically important genes from related species.