bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not-recognizing policy within the minority EU members - Challenge for Kosovo’s Integration and Regional Peace-building
Authors: Dalipi Dr.Sc. Samet 
Published: January 2017

Act of Recognition is the matter regulated by international law. After declaration of independence, Kosovo’s path toward EU integration is going to be problematic for Kosovo institutions and challenging for EU foreign policy. Even though Kosovo was recognized by major international actors as sui generis case, some of them see this case as precedent and harmful for supposed developments within their jurisdictions, especially by 5 EU not recognizing countries. The article aims to justify the proclamation of independence by Kosovo institutions and to analyze the possible negative effects deriving from non-recognition policy for Kosovo and its new fragile democracy, hampering the democratic peace. The policy of minor EU member states, contesting Kosovo’s statehood based on the assumption that the act of recognition will open a dangerous path for secession-minded national minorities in their own countries, taking into account that through (non)recognition, states attempt to continue or change the existing order at international relations. Postponing Kosovo’s recognition by the rest of EU members will accumulate negative potentials within the new state, with possible consequences for the region.
Protestation and Mobilization in the Middle East and North Africa: A Foucauldian Model
Authors: Pourmokhtari Navid 
Published: January 2017

Michel Foucault has inspired a rich body of work in the field of critical social theory and the social sciences in general. Few scholars working in the area of social movement studies, however, have applied a Foucauldian perspective to examining the twin phenomena of social mobilization and collective action. This may stem, in large part, from the commonly held assumption that Foucault had far more to say about ‘regimes of power’ than ever about mobilization and collective action or contention politics in general. Be that as it may, a close interrogation of his work reveals the broad contours of a theoretical framework for analyzing social movements whose chief merit lies in a sensitivity to the sociopolitical context within which oppositional movements form, develop and conduct their operations. This paper aims at delineating what a Foucauldian model of social movements would entail, with specific reference to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), a region traditionally consigned to the margins of social movement studies. An enquiry of this kind is important because, as I argue, the leading mainstream social movement theories that have been applied to contemporary MENA cases invariably fall short of fully elucidating the phenomenon of mass mobilization. Specifically, leading mainstream theories are prone to certain universalistic assumptions and ‘West-centric’ orientations that render them incapable of accounting for the specificities of MENA cases. I shall demonstrate how a Foucauldian perspective on social movements can bypass the problem of applicability to the MENA region by mapping out a theoretical framework whose chief merit lies in a sensitivity to the sociopolitical context within which oppositional movements form, develop and conduct their operations. At the same time, I argue that a Foucauldian model transcends social movement theories with their linear conception of social and political progress, their exclusivist understanding of sociopolitical ‘development’ and ‘modernist’ assumptions by advancing an account of ‘multiple modernities.’
Simulation of the Wear and Handling Performance Trade-off by Using Multi-objective Optimization and TameTire
Authors: Anderson Jeffery R. , McPillan Erin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Optimization is a key tool used by automakers to efficiently design and manufacture vehicles. During vehicle design, much effort is devoted to efficiently simulate and optimize as many vehicle parameters as possible to save development costs during physical testing. One area of vehicle development that heavily relies on physical testing and subjective driver feedback is the tire design process. Optimizing tire parameters relies either on this subjective feedback from trained drivers, or use of existing tire data or scaling of a reference tire model simulate the desired design change and provide feedback. These data are often difficult to obtain and properly scale to represent the appropriate design changes. Michelin's TameTire model is a force and moment tire model. It includes thermal tire effects and is physically derived, thereby allowing quick access to scaling factors to change a tire's behavior based on pertinent tire design changes such as tread depth and tread stiffness. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization is performed to observe the trade-off between tire wear and handling performance by using the scaling factors available in the TameTire model.
Varietal Improvement of Wheat for Eastern Terai of Nepal
Authors: Prasai Hari Kumar 
Published: January 2017

The regional varietal experiments of wheat were composed by selecting promising genotypes from coordinated varietal trial. Both early and late sown experiments of wheat regional varietal trial (RVT) were seeded in Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara, Sunsari, Nepal in 2014 and 2015. Late sown experiment was seeded after 15 days of early seeding experiment to identify suitable genotypes for delay seeding condition. Amongst the tested genotypes in RVT early of 2014 and 2015, the highest grain yield was produced by BL 3555 (3351 kg/ha) and BL 4018 (3309 kg/ha). Similarly BL 4012, BL 3978, BL 3264 and BL 4406 genotypes also recorded 12-18 percent higher grain yield than the yield of standard check variety, Aditya. All tested characters except spikes/m2 included in over year analysis of RVT early was found significantly different due to genotypes. Similarly out of the tested genotypes in RVT (late) of 2014 and 2015, NL 1177 (2933 kg/ha) and BL 3555 (2764 kg/ha) were found high yielding genotypes in combined analysis over year and grain yield of other tested genotypes was observed at par with check variety. Days to heading, maturity, plant height and yrain yield of RVT (late sown) experiment were observed significantly different due to genotypes in over year analysis.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 519-524
Parent vessel occlusion after Pipeline embolization of cerebral aneurysms of the anterior circulation
Authors: Potts Matthew B. , Shapiro Maksim , Zumofen Daniel W. , Raz Eytan , Nossek Erez , DeSousa Keith G. , Becske Tibor , Riina Howard A. , Nelson Peter K. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEThe Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) is now a well-established option for the treatment of giant or complex aneurysms, especially those arising from the anterior circulation. Considering the purpose of such treatment is to maintain patency of the parent vessel, postembolization occlusion of the parent artery can be regarded as an untoward outcome. Antiplatelet therapy in the posttreatment period is therefore required to minimize such events. Here, the authors present a series of patients with anterior circulation aneurysms treated with the PED who subsequently experienced parent vessel occlusion (PVO).METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of all anterior circulation aneurysms consecutively treated at a single institution with the PED through 2014, identifying those with PVO on follow-up imaging. Aneurysm size and location, number of PEDs used, and follow-up digital subtraction angiography results were recorded. When available, pre- and postembolization platelet function testing results were also recorded.RESULTSAmong 256 patients with anterior circulation aneurysms treated with the PED, the authors identified 8 who developed PVO after embolization. The mean aneurysm size in this cohort was 22.3 mm, and the number of PEDs used per case ranged from 2 to 10. Six patients were found to have asymptomatic PVO discovered incidentally on routine follow-up imaging between 6 months and 3 years postembolization, 3 of whom had documented “delayed” PVO with prior postembolization angiograms confirming aneurysm occlusion and a patent parent vessel at an earlier time. Two additional patients experienced symptomatic PVO, one of which was associated with early discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy.CONCLUSIONSIn this large series of anterior circulation aneurysms, the authors report a low incidence of symptomatic PVO, complicating premature discontinuation of postembolization antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy. Beyond the subacute period, asymptomatic PVO was more common, particularly among complex fusiform or very large–necked aneurysms, highlighting an important phenomenon with the use of PED for the treatment of anterior circulation aneurysms, and suggesting that extended periods of antiplatelet coverage may be required in select complex aneurysms.
Antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of peri-coiling thromboembolism in high-risk patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Edwards Nancy J. , Jones Wesley H. , Sanzgiri Aditya , Corona Juan , Dannenbaum Mark , Chen Peng Roc 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEThe most frequent procedural complication of the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms is a thromboembolic event (TEE); in a subset of patients, such events will cause permanent neurological disability. In patients with unruptured aneurysms, increasing evidence supports the use of periprocedural antiplatelet therapy to prevent TEEs. The object of this study was to evaluate whether patients with ruptured aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage would also benefit from periprocedural antiplatelet therapy.METHODSThe authors reviewed a prospective registry of 169 patients with endovascularly treated intracranial aneurysms to delineate angiographic features associated with periprocedural TEEs. They then performed a controlled before-and-after study in 79 patients with ruptured aneurysms who were deemed to be at high risk for TEEs (for example, patients with at least 1 angiographic feature associated with TEEs) to evaluate whether selective aspirin administration would reduce the rate of periprocedural thromboembolism without increasing major hemorrhagic complications.RESULTSSix angiographic features were associated with periprocedural TEEs in the study cohort: wide aneurysm neck, coil or loop protrusion, small parent artery diameter, an incorporated branch, intraprocedural thrombus formation, and intracranial parent vessel atherosclerosis. Aspirin administration to high-risk patients significantly decreased the rate of periprocedural TEEs, from 53.8% in the control group to 10.6% in the aspirin-treated group (p = 0.001). The reduction in TEEs in the aspirin-treated group continued to be statistically significant even when adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease), and factors associated with TEEs in other large studies (wide aneurysm neck, aneurysm size ≥ 10 mm), with an adjusted OR of 0.16 (95% CI 0.03–0.8). There were no major systemic hemorrhagic complications, and aspirin did not increase the risk of aneurysm rebleeding, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, or major external ventricular drain (EVD)–associated hemorrhage (p = 0.3), though there was an increase in asymptomatic, minor (< 1 cm) EVD-associated hemorrhage in the aspirin-treated group (p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSThe study findings suggest that for ruptured aneurysm patients with high-risk features, antiplatelet therapy can significantly reduce the rate of periprocedural TEE without increasing major systemic or intracranial hemorrhages.
Irreversible changes occurring in long-term denervated Schwann cells affect delayed nerve repair
Authors: Ronchi Giulia , Cillino Michele , Gambarotta Giovanna , Fornasari Benedetta Elena , Raimondo Stefania , Pugliese Pierfrancesco , Tos Pierluigi , Cordova Adriana , Moschella Francesco , Geuna Stefano 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEMultiple factors may affect functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury, among them the lesion site and the interval between the injury and the surgical repair. When the nerve segment distal to the lesion site undergoes chronic degeneration, the ensuing regeneration (when allowed) is often poor. The aims of the current study were as follows: 1) to examine the expression changes of the neuregulin 1/ErbB system during long-term nerve degeneration; and 2) to investigate whether a chronically denervated distal nerve stump can sustain nerve regeneration of freshly axotomized axons.METHODSThis study used a rat surgical model of delayed nerve repair consisting of a cross suture between the chronically degenerated median nerve distal stump and the freshly axotomized ulnar proximal stump. Before the suture, a segment of long-term degenerated median nerve stump was harvested for analysis. Functional, morphological, morphometric, and biomolecular analyses were performed.RESULTSThe results showed that neuregulin 1 is highly downregulated after chronic degeneration, as well as some Schwann cell markers, demonstrating that these cells undergo atrophy, which was also confirmed by ultrastructural analysis. After delayed nerve repair, it was observed that chronic degeneration of the distal nerve stump compromises nerve regeneration in terms of functional recovery, as well as the number and size of regenerated myelinated fibers. Moreover, neuregulin 1 is still downregulated after delayed regeneration.CONCLUSIONSThe poor outcome after delayed nerve regeneration might be explained by Schwann cell impairment and the consequent ineffective support for nerve regeneration. Understanding the molecular and biological changes occurring both in the chronically degenerating nerve and in the delayed nerve repair may be useful to the development of new strategies to promote nerve regeneration. The results suggest that neuregulin 1 has an important role in Schwann cell activity after denervation, indicating that its manipulation might be a good strategy for improving outcome after delayed nerve repair.
(Pro)renin receptor is crucial for glioma development via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Kouchi Masaaki , Shibayama Yuki , Ogawa Daisuke , Miyake Keisuke , Nishiyama Akira , Tamiya Takashi 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEThe (pro)renin receptor (PRR) plays an essential role in the early development of the central nervous system by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The authors investigated the potential role of the PRR in the pathogenesis of glioma.METHODSThe authors performed immunohistochemical analysis to detect both the PRR and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 with mutations involving arginine 132 (IDH1R132H) in paraffin sections of 31 gliomas. Expression of the PRR and Wnt pathway components in cultured human glioma cell lines (U251MG, U87MG, and T98G) was measured using Western blotting. The effects of PRR short interfering RNA (siRNA) on glioma cell proliferation (WST-1 assay and direct cell counting) and apoptosis (flow cytometry and the caspase-3 assay) were also examined.RESULTSPRR expression was significantly higher in glioblastoma than in normal tissue or in lower grade glioma, regardless of IDH1R132H mutation. PRR expression was also higher in human glioblastoma cell lines than in human astrocytes. PRR expression showed a significant positive correlation with the Ki-67 labeling index, while it had a significant negative correlation with the survival time of glioma patients. Treatment with PRR siRNA significantly reduced expression of Wnt2, activated β-catenin, and cyclin D1 by human glioblastoma cell lines, and it reduced the proliferative capacity of these cell lines and induced apoptosis.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first evidence that the PRR has an important role in development of glioma by aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This receptor may be both a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for glioma.
Spinopelvic sagittal imbalance as a risk factor for adjacent-segment disease after single-segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Matsumoto Tomiya , Okuda Shinya , Maeno Takafumi , Yamashita Tomoya , Yamasaki Ryoji , Sugiura Tsuyoshi , Iwasaki Motoki 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
The importance of spinopelvic balance and its implications for clinical outcomes after spinal arthrodesis has been reported in recent studies. However, little is known about the relationship between adjacent-segment disease (ASD) after lumbar arthrodesis and spinopelvic alignment. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between spinopelvic radiographic parameters and symptomatic ASD after L4–5 single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).

METHODS
This was a retrospective 1:5 matched case-control study. Twenty patients who had undergone revision surgery for symptomatic ASD after L4–5 PLIF and had standing radiographs of the whole spine before primary and revision surgeries were enrolled from 2005 to 2012. As a control group, 100 age-, sex-, and pathology-matched patients who had undergone L4–5 PLIF during the same period, had no signs of symptomatic ASD for more than 3 years, and had whole-spine radiographs at preoperation and last follow-up were selected. Mean age at the time of primary surgery was 68.9 years in the ASD group and 66.7 years in the control group. Several radiographic spinopelvic parameters were measured as follows: sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic kyphosis (TK), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL), and segmental lordosis at L4–5 (SL) in the sagittal view, and C7–central sacral vertical line (C7-CSVL) in the coronal view. Radiological parameters were compared between the groups.

RESULTS
No significant change was found between pre- and postoperative radiographic parameters in each group. In terms of preoperative radiographic parameters, the ASD group had significantly lower LL (40.7° vs 47.2°, p < 0.01) and significantly higher PT (27° vs 22.9°, p < 0.05) than the control group. SVA ≥ 50 mm was observed in 10 of 20 patients (50%) in the ASD group and in 21 of 100 patients (21%, p < 0.01) in the control group. PI-LL ≥ 10° was noted in 15 of 20 patients (75%) in the ASD group and in 40 of 100 patients (40%, p < 0.01) in the control group on preoperative radiographs. Postoperatively, the ASD group had significantly lower TK (22.5° vs 30.9°, p < 0.01) and lower LL (39.3° vs 48.1°, p < 0.05) than the control group had. PI-LL ≥ 10° was seen in 15 of 20 patients (75%) in the ASD group and in 43 of 100 patients (43%, p < 0.01) in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative global sagittal imbalance (SVA > 50 mm and higher PT), pre- and postoperative lower LL, and PI-LL mismatch were significantly associated with ASD. Therefore, even with a single-level PLIF, appropriate SL and LL should be obtained at surgery to improve spinopelvic sagittal imbalance. The results also suggest that the achievement of the appropriate LL and PI-LL prevents ASD after L4–5 PLIF.
The role of spinal thrombin through protease-activated receptor 1 in hyperalgesia after neural injury
Authors: Smith Jenell R. , Winkelstein Beth A. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
Painful neuropathic injuries induce blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) breakdown, allowing pro-inflammatory serum molecules to cross the BSCB, which contributes to nociception. The goal of these studies was to determine whether the blood-borne serine protease thrombin also crosses a permeable BSCB, contributing to nociception through its activation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1).

METHODS
A 15-minute C-7 nerve root compression, which induces BSCB breakdown and painful behaviors by Day 1, was administered in the rat (n = 10); sham operation (n = 11) and a 3-minute compression (n = 10) that does not induce sensitivity were administered as controls. At Day 1 after root compression, spinal cord tissue was co-immunolabeled for fibrin/fibrinogen, the enzymatic product of thrombin, and IgG, a serum protein, to determine whether thrombin acts in areas of BSCB breakdown. To determine whether spinal thrombin and PAR1 contribute to hyperalgesia after compression, the thrombin inhibitor hirudin and the PAR1 antagonist SCH79797, were separately administered intrathecally before compression injuries (n = 5–7 per group). Rat thrombin was also administered intrathecally with and without SCH79797 (n = 6 per group) to determine whether spinal thrombin induces hypersensitivity in naïve rats through PAR1.

RESULTS
Spinal fibrin(ogen) was elevated at Day 1 after root compression in regions localized to BSCB breakdown and decreased in those regions by Day 7. Blocking either spinal thrombin or PAR1 completely prevented compression-induced hyperalgesia for 7 days. Intrathecal thrombin induced transient pain that was prevented by blocking spinal PAR1 before its injection.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study suggest a potent role for spinal thrombin and its activation of PAR1 in pain onset following neuropathic injury.
Development of 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Ficus virens (Moraceae)
Authors: Fu Rong‐Hua , Li Yun‐Xiang , Liu Mei , Quan Qiu‐Mei 
Published: January 2017

Premise of the study:Ficus virens (Moraceae) is distributed widely in South and Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and northern Australia, and it is also cultivated outside its original northern range limit in southwestern China. Therefore, the species is well suited to explore the mechanism of range limits of Ficus species. However, little is known about its genetic background.Methods and Results:Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed using the biotin‐streptavidin capture method. Polymorphism was tested in 85 F. virens individuals sampled from three populations. The number of alleles ranged from three to 17. The observed and expected heterozygosity of each population varied from 0.0667 to 0.9286 and 0.0650 to 0.8890, respectively. Cross‐species amplification was also carried out in eight other Ficus species.Conclusions:These 15 markers will be valuable for studying the genetic variation and population structure of F. virens and related Ficus species.