bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite observation of atmospheric methane: intercomparison between AIRS
and GOSAT TANSO-FTS retrievals
Authors: Zou Mingmin , Xiong Xiaozhen , Saitoh Naoko , Warner Juying , Zhang Ying , Chen Liangfu , Weng Fuzhong , Fan Meng 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Space-borne observations of atmospheric methane (CH4) have been made using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS/Aqua satellite since August 2002 and the Thermal and Near-infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) on the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) since April 2009. This study compared the GOSAT TANSO-FTS thermal infrared (TIR) version 1.0 CH4 product with the collocated AIRS version 6 CH4 product using data from 1 August 2010 to 30 June 2012, including the CH4 mixing ratios and the total column amounts. The results show that at 300–600 hPa, where both AIRS and GOSAT-TIR CH4 have peak sensitivities, they agree very well, but GOSAT-TIR retrievals tend to be higher than AIRS in layer 200–300 hPa. At 300 hPa the CH4 mixing ratio from GOSAT-TIR is, on average, 10.3 ± 31.8 ppbv higher than that from AIRS, and at 600 hPa GOSAT-TIR retrieved CH4 is −16.2 ± 25.7 ppbv lower than AIRS CH4. Comparison of the total column amount of CH4 shows that GOSAT-TIR agrees with AIRS to within 1 % in the mid-latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere and in the tropics. In the mid to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, comparison shows that GOSAT-TIR is  ∼  1–2 % lower than AIRS, and in the high-latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere the difference of GOSAT from AIRS varies from −3 % in October to +2 % in July. The difference between AIRS and GOSAT TANSO-FTS retrievals is mainly due to the difference in retrieval algorithms and instruments themselves, and the larger difference in the high-latitude regions is associated with the low information content and small degrees of freedom of the retrieval. The degrees of freedom of GOSAT-TIR retrievals are lower than that of AIRS, which also indicates that the constraint in GOSAT-TIR retrievals may be too strong. From the good correlation between AIRS and GOSAT-TIR retrievals and the seasonal variation they observed, we are confident that the thermal infrared measurements from AIRS and GOSAT-TIR can provide valuable information to capture the spatial and temporal variation of CH4, especially in the mid-upper troposphere, in most periods and regions.
How to reliably detect molecular clusters and nucleation mode particles with
Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS)
Authors: Manninen Hanna E. , Mirme Sander , Mirme Aadu , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. To understand the very first steps of atmospheric particle formation and growth processes, information on the size where the atmospheric nucleation and cluster activation occurs, is crucially needed. The current understanding of the concentrations and dynamics of charged and neutral clusters and particles is based on theoretical predictions and experimental observations. This paper gives a standard operation procedure (SOP) for Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS) measurements and data processing. With the NAIS data, we have improved the scientific understanding by (1) direct detection of freshly formed atmospheric clusters and particles, (2) linking experimental observations and theoretical framework to understand the formation and growth mechanisms of aerosol particles, and (3) parameterizing formation and growth mechanisms for atmospheric models. The SOP provides tools to harmonize the world-wide measurements of small clusters and nucleation mode particles and to verify consistent results measured by the NAIS users. The work is based on discussions and interactions between the NAIS users and the NAIS manufacturer.
Upper Airway Injury in Dogs Secondary to Trauma: 10 Dogs (2000–2011)
Authors: Basdani Eleni , Papazoglou Lysimachos G. , Patsikas Michail N. , Kazakos Georgios M. , Adamama-Moraitou Katerina K. , Tsokataridis Ioannis 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Ten dogs that presented with trauma-induced upper airway rupture or stenosis were reviewed. Tracheal rupture was seen in seven dogs, tracheal stenosis in one dog, and laryngeal rupture in two dogs. Clinical abnormalities included respiratory distress in five dogs, subcutaneous emphysema in eight, air leakage through the cervical wound in seven, stridor in three dogs, pneumomediastinum in four and pneumothorax in one dog. Reconstruction with simple interrupted sutures was performed in four dogs, tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis in five dogs, and one dog was euthanized intraoperatively. Complications were seen in three dogs including aspiration pneumonia in one and vocalization alterations in two dogs.
Derivation of the Multimoment Hydrodynamics Equations for a Gas Mixture
Authors: Lebed Igor V. 
Published: July 2016

<p class="1Body">The equations for pair distribution functions are used to derive the multimoment hydrodynamics equations for gas mixture. The gas mixture pair distribution functions are specified. The equations for pair functions are derived directly from the general statistical mechanics concepts. The basic property of the pair functions is established. In conformity with basic property, these functions remain unchanged in time along the trajectory of the center of inertia of a pair. The basic property of the pair distribution functions reveals the existence of an infinite number of principle hydrodynamic values. Multimoment hydrodynamics equations are constructed using 3L+4 principle hydrodynamic values, where is the number of gas mixture components. Just these principle values specify measurable moments. The measurable moments are represented by linear combination of principle and non-principle hydrodynamic values. The general structure of constructed multimoment conservation laws is identical to the structure of appropriate multimoment conservation laws in a gas of identical particles. Each of the multimoment conservation laws is divided into two separate equations. The first group of conservation equations corresponds to convective phenomena. The second group of conservation equations corresponds to dissipative phenomena. Derived multimoment hydrodynamics equations are designed for interpreting the behavior of unstable systems. As is shown previously, classic hydrodynamics equations are incapable of reproducing flows after they lose stability. That is, the solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations do not find the direction of instability development correctly. The possibility of improvement of classic hydrodynamics equations for a gas mixture is sought on the way toward an increase in the number of principle hydrodynamic values.</p>
Generalization of the Particle Spin as it Ensues from the Ether Theory
Authors: Zareski David 
Published: July 2016

In previous papers we generalized the ether waves associated to photons, to waves generally denoted , associated to Par(m,e)s, (particles of mass m and electric charge e), and demonstrated that a Par(m,e)s is a superposition of such waves that forms a small globule moving with the velocity of this . That, at a point near to a moving , the ether velocity , i.e., the magnetic field H, is of the same form as that of a point of a rotating solid. This is the spin of the Par(m,e)s, in particular, of the electron. Then, we considered the case where e=0 and showed that the perturbation caused by the motion of a Par(m,e)s is also propagated in the ether, and is a propagating gravitational field such that the Newton approximation (NA) is a tensor Guobtained by applying the Lorenz transformation for Vm,o on the NA of the static gravitational potential of forces Gu,s. It appeared that Gu is also of the form of a Lienard-Wiechert potential tensor Au created by an electric charge.<br />In the present paper, we generalized the above results regarding the spin by showing that the ether elasticity theory implies also that like the electron, the massive neutral particle possesses a spin but much smaller than that of the electron, and that the photon can possess also a spin, when for example it is circularly polarized. In fact, we show that the spin associated to a particle is a vortex in ether which in closed trajectories will take only quantized values.<br /><br />
Tourism Regional Multiplier Effects in Tanzania: Analysis of Singita Grumeti Reserves Tourism in the Mara Region
Authors: Mwakalobo Adam , Kaswamila Abiud , Kira Alex , Chawala Onesmo , Tear Timothy 
Published: July 2016

<p>The main focus of this study was to establish the economic impacts of a single tourism business operated in a rural area on a regional economy in Africa. This paper presents a case study of the regional multiplier effects of Singita Grumeti Reserves’ (SGR) tourism investment in the Mara region, Tanzania. The recursive Keynesian multiplier approach was used to identify significant economic multiplier effects larger than any other multiplier effects we could find published for relevant, comparable studies (Type 1 average 1.57 from 2008-2013, range 1.24 – 1.81). This result was contrary to economic theory that predicts the multiplier effect in this case should be low given the small area of investment in comparison to the much larger regional economy. In addition, these results represent underestimates, as the multiplier effects established in this study did not factor in substantial positive environmental and socio economic impacts accrued from SGR’s non-profit partner organization, the Grumeti Fund. Consequently, our study findings present compelling evidence that SGR tourism investments, when combined with the Grumeti Fund’s conservation and community development activities, demonstrate a pro-poor economic approach of substantial benefit to the Tanzanian economy. This was possible because the investment made by one private company is relatively substantial in comparison to the limited government services provided to the Mara Region, where nearly half of the 1.7 million people in this region remain in the poverty trap. These results provide compelling evidence that this type of high-value low-volume tourism investment can also contribute to sustainable and equitable socioeconomic development when paired with conservation and community development efforts. This assessment also demonstrates the value of ecosystem services derived from conserving Tanzania’s rich and globally significant natural heritage for the benefit of both people and nature. As there is more tourism potential in Tanzania, Tanzanian government authorities at all levels should consider encouraging and supporting similar tourism investments (i.e., high-value low-volume tourism model). This support could be tailored to providing incentives such as tax rate reduction or exemptions to encourage this specific type of tourism investment. Private investment is particularly important in rural and underserved regions in Tanzania– like the Mara Region – where there have been limited economic investments despite substantial opportunities for economic growth. </p>
The Stem Cell Hard Sell: Report from a Clinic's Patient Recruitment Seminar
Authors: Knoepfler Paul S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The growing direct-to-consumer, stem cell clinic industry in the U.S. uses a number of strategies for patient recruitment, including self-styled educational seminars, which may reach thousands of members of the public annually. Here I report on a first-hand experience at such a seminar that I recently attended. Numerous specific medical claims were made at the seminar: no potential for rejection; no side effects, including no pain; proven efficacy for a variety of conditions, including in particular arthritis and pain; and U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval. I discuss the potential impact of these kinds of seminars on the public and on the stem cell field. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:14–16
Heterogeneity of nutritional habits of Lithuanian ethnolinguistic groups: population-based study
Authors: Jakaitienė Audronė , Austys Donatas , Burokienė Neringa , Kasiulevičius Vytautas , Stukas Rimantas , Kučinskas Vaidutis 
Published: July 2016

Background. Lithuania is a Northern European country consisting of two main ethnolinguistic groups: Samogitians and Highlanders. The objective of the paper is to investigate differences in nutritional habits of 18–65-year-old Lithuanians living in different ethnolinguistic regions.
Materials and methods. A representative, population-based, random sample of the 18–65-year-old ethnic Lithuanian population was interviewed from 17 December 2008 to 20 May 2013. Lithuanians living in their ethnolinguistic region for at least three generations were included (n = 1,133). We analysed responses to 12 questions about nutritional habits of respondents. For the univariate analysis, we applied the chi-squared test. For the clusterisation of the survey questions, we employed a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA).
Results. Comparing Samogitians’ and Highlanders’ responses according to their gender, education, and place of residence, we observed more often significant differences (p
Identification of genetic causes of congenital neurodevelopmental disorders using genome wide molecular technologies
Authors: Preikšaitienė Eglė , Ambrozaitytė Laima , Maldžienė Živilė , Morkūnienė Aušra , Cimbalistienė Loreta , Rančelis Tautvydas , Utkus Algirdas , Kučinskas Vaidutis 
Published: July 2016

Background. Intellectual disability affects about 1–2% of the general population worldwide, and this is the leading socio-economic problem of health care. The evaluation of the genetic causes of intellectual disability is challenging because these conditions are genetically heterogeneous with many different genetic alterations resulting in clinically indistinguishable phenotypes. Genome wide molecular technologies are effective in a research setting for establishing the new genetic basis of a disease. We describe the first Lithuanian experience in genome-wide CNV detection and whole exome sequencing, presenting the results obtained in the research project UNIGENE.Materials and methods. The patients with developmental delay/intellectual disability have been investigated (n = 66). Diagnostic screening was performed using array-CGH technology. FISH and real time-PCR were used for the confirmation of gene-dose imbalances and investigation of parental samples. Whole exome sequencing using the next generation high throughput NGS technique was used to sequence the samples of 12 selected families.Results. 14 out of 66 patients had pathogenic copy number variants, and one patient had novel likely pathogenic aberration (microdeletion at 4p15.2). Twelve families have been processed for whole exome sequencing. Two identified sequence variants could be classified as pathogenic (in MECP2, CREBBP genes). The other families had several candidate intellectual disability gene variants that are of unclear clinical significance and must be further investigated for possible effect on the molecular pathways of intellectual disability.Conclusions. The genetic heterogeneity of intellectual disability requires genome wide approaches, including detection of chromosomal aberrations by chromosomal microarrays and whole exome sequencing capable of uncovering single gene mutations. This study demonstrates the benefits and challenges that accompany the use of genome wide molecular technologies and provides genotype-phenotype information on 32 patients with chromosomal imbalances and ID candidate sequence variants.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a review
Authors: Gobergs Roberts , Salputra Elza , Lubaua Ingūna 
Published: July 2016

Background. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is an etiologically multifactorial congenital heart disease affecting one in 5,000 newborns. Thirty years ago there were no treatment options for this pathology and the natural course of the disease led to death, usually within the first weeks of life. Recently surgical palliative techniques have been developed allowing for a five-year survival in more than half the cases.
Materials and methods. We reviewed literature available on HLHS, specifically its anatomy, embryology and pathophysiology, and treatment. The Pubmed and ClinicalKey databases were searched using the key words hypoplastic left heart syndrome, foetal aortic valvuloplasty, foetal septoplasty, Norwood procedure, bidirectional Glenn procedure, Fontan procedure, hybrid procedure. The relevant literature was reviewed and included in the article. We reported a case from Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, to illustrate treatment tactics in Latvia.
Results. There are three possible directions for therapy in newborns with HLHS: orthotopic heart transplantation, staged surgical palliation and palliative non-surgical treatment or comfort care. Another treatment mode – foetal therapy – has arisen. Staged palliation and full Fontan circulation is a temporary solution, however, the only means for survival until heart transplantation. Fifty to 70% of patients who have gone through all three stages of palliation live to the age of five years.
Conclusions. The superior mode of treatment is not yet clear and the management must be based on each individual case, the experience of each clinic, as well as the financial aspects and will of the patient’s parents.
Trends in maternal health in Lithuania 1995–2014
Authors: Drąsutienė Gražina Stanislava , Drazdienė Nijolė , Arlauskienė Audronė , Ramašauskaitė Diana , Zakarevičienė Jolita , Kazėnaitė Edita , Basys Vytautas , Drąsutis Jonas , Sakalauskaitė Indrė , Sniečkuvienė Vilija 
Published: July 2016

Background. The Lithuanian Perinatology Program, orders issued by the Ministry of Health, regulating the care and treatment of mothers and their infants, and the well-running perinatal care system helped to improve the diagnostics and treatment of pregnancy pathology. Over the last 20 years, Lithuania has experienced significant improvements in the maternal and perinatal health.
Materials and methods. Data was collected from the official statistics database, Medical Data of Births, provided by the Institute of Hygiene Health Information Centre, Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, and the Vilnius University Centre of Neonatology in 1995–2014.
Results. The average maternal age at delivery ranged from 25.8 years in 1995 to 28.8 years in 2014. The comparison of 2001 and 2014 data shows that the incidence of gestational diabetes increased by 6.7 times due to the improved diagnosis. The percentage of hypertensive disorders decreased from 6.1% in 1997 to 3.2% in 2014. Between 1995 and 2014, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women declined by half. The marked decrease in respiratory, urinary, genital and other diseases was observed among pregnant women. From 1995 to 2014, in Lithuania there were 67 maternal deaths related to pregnancy and childbirth. Hemorrhage and infections during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period are considered the most common causes of maternal death.
Quality of diabetes care at the largest outpatient clinics in Vilnius
Authors: Visockienė Žydrūnė , Šiaulienė Laura , Puronaitė Roma , Šapoka Virginijus , Kasiulevičius Vytautas 
Published: July 2016

Background. Essential data on the quality of diabetes care needed for the development of National Diabetes Programme in Lithuania are lacking. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of diabetes care compared to the local guidelines in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Materials and methods. Retrospective data collection covering the period from 2012 to 2013 was performed in 5 Vilnius outpatient clinics assessing process and outcome indicators in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects.
Results. In a sample of 1,719 patients (58.9% women, 92.6% T2DM) the annual HbA1c assessment rate was 88.6%. Glycaemic control was significantly better in T2DM compared to T1DM patients: average HbA1c was 7.0 ± 1.4% vs 9.1 ± 1.8% and HbA1c ≤ 7% in 59 vs 9.4%, respectively (p
Inappropriate habits of antibiotic use among medical specialists and students in Vilnius
Authors: Barkus Artūras , Lisauskienė Ingrida 
Published: July 2016

Introduction. The resistance to antibacterial drugs is an emerging worldwide problem. Numbers of inappropriate ways to use antibiotics contribute to this issue. Self-medication is one of them. This study seeks to find out how prevalent the self-medication with antibiotics, their storage at home and the inappropriate acquisition of antibacterial drugs are among medical specialists in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. To better identify the potential target groups, the respondents were classified according to their relation to medical care: physicians, other medical personnel, medical students and people, directly not related to medical care.
Results. The overall actual self-medication with antibiotics rate was 4.0%. And, although the actual self-medication rate might seem rather low, the intended self-medication rate was 51.4%. Also, a prevalent antibacterial drugs storage at home (45.8%) with a wide variety of preparations was reported. Only 61.9% respondents received prescriptions for antibiotics from their treating physician. 7.6% used the non-prescribed medicines and 22.0% received a prescription from a physician, who was either their colleague or a familiar person.
Conclusions. Inappropriate habits of antibiotic use are prevalent. While there were some differences between the research groups, most of them were not statistically significant. It means that measures should be taken targeting health care givers as well as the general population. Educational programs about the rational use of antibiotics may help reducing the improper habits of antibacterial drugs usage, including self-medication. Encouraging the electronic drug prescription may be beneficial while reducing the prevalent inappropriate acquisition of antibiotics.
Fatal pulmonary complication during induction therapy in a patient with ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Jonaitytė Brigita , Kibarskytė Rūta , Danila Edvardas , Miglinas Marius , Šeinin Dmitrij , Stulpinas Rokas , Mitrikevičienė Jurgita , Gruslys Vygantas , Šileikienė Virginija , Zablockis Rolandas 
Published: July 2016

ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an inflammatory systemic disorder affecting small to medium sized vessels and likely leading to any organ dysfunction. Adequate treatment is important to avoid mortality or severe organ damage. In most cases initial treatment (induction therapy) allows to achieve remission. Induction therapy leads to immunosuppression and may cause severe infections. However, in vasculitis patients even an intensive immunosuppressive therapy is rarely complicated by an invasive fungal infection.
We present a case in a 29-year old male patient with newly diagnosed AAV. He suffered a fatal pulmonary complication of the induction immunosuppressive treatment. Pathological (infectious) changes in the lungs were misinterpreted as progression of the vasculitis and he died due to disseminated angioinvasive aspergillosis. A clinical course, imaging and histopathology of this case are described and discussed.