bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selected Insecticides for Corn Earworm Control in ‘Holladay’ Soybean in Virginia, 1994
Authors: Chappell G. F. , Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides, with and without adjuvants, was evaluated against CEW in soybean. Double-crop ‘Holladay’ soybean was planted in 15-inch rows on 29 Jun. Treatments were applied on 31 Aug with water using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 12.0 gpa at 18 psi through 8002VS fiat fan nozzles spaced 18 inches apart on the spray boom. A randomized complete block design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 10 ft by 30 ft. Treatments were evaluated 1 h before and 2 and 6 DAT by comparing numbers of larvae using a rigid beat cloth sampling technique. Percent pod damage was determined 9 DAT by randomly selecting 3 plants from the center rows of each plot and recording the number of damaged pods. Yield was determined by combining the 3 center rows of each plot (97.5 row ft) using an Almaco small-plot combine. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Evaluation of Karate for Soybean Insect Pest Control, 1991
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Beaumont. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Soil type was a Midland silty clay loam. Plot size was 40 ft × 6 rows (32-inch row spacing). Plots were planted 4 Jun at about 10 seeds/ ft. Immediately after planting, plots were treated with 2 pt Dual + 1 qt Roundup + % pt Scepter per acre. Soybeans emerged 10 Jun. On 9 Sep (when plants were R5 and insect pest populations were peaking) treatments were applied using a 4 nozzle (800067 tips) hand-held boom sprayer. Finished spray volume was 13.1 gal/acre. Five days before and 2, 9, 17, 23, and 32 d after application, plots were sampled for insects. Each sample consisted of shaking soybean plants along 6 ft of row over a vertical beat sheet. Insects were shaken and brushed from the vertical beat sheet into a plastic bag which was frozen for later inspection of the contents. One sample (6 ft of sampled row) was taken in each plot on each sample date. From 12 Sep to 5 Oct 0.87 inches of rain fell. At maturity 120 ft of each plot was harvested with a small plot combine and yields adjusted to 13% moisture. Insect data were transformed using VX + 0.5 and all data analyzed by ANOVA and where appropriate means separated by DMRT.
Evaluation of Karate for Management of Arthropods in Soybean, 1992
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Beaumont. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Soil type was a Midland silty clay loam. Plot size was 60 ft × 21 ft (8 rows with a 32-inch row spacing). Soybeans were planted 22 May at about 10 seeds/ft and plots were treated with 2 pt Dual and 2A pt Scepter/acre in a finished spray volume of 20 gal/acre. Seedlings emerged 26 May. Insecticide treatments were applied (when soybeans were in R5 and Lepidoptera defoliator populations were increasing) 10 Sep to the middle 2 rows of each plot with a 4-nozzle hand-held boom sprayer equipped with 800067 tips in a final spray volume of 16.7 gal/acre. The propellant was CO2 at 20 psi. Applications were made during calm, clear conditions. No rain fell for 4 days after application of treatments; however, for the entire sampling period (8 Sep-15 Oct) 0.77 inches of rain was recorded. Two days before and 1, 5, 7, 15, 21, 28, and 35 days after application of treatments, 9 ft of row in each plot were sampled with a vertical beat sheet. Samples were placed in plastic bags and refrigerated. Contents were examined and arthropods identified and counted. The middle 2 rows of each plot were harvested at maturity with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture. Insect data were transformed by Vx + 0.5 and all data were analyzed using ANOVA and where appropriate DMRT.
Efficacy of Aerial Application of Selected Insecticides Against Sugarcane Borer, 1994
Authors: Rodriguez L. M. , Ostheimer E. , Woolwine A. , Reagan T. E. , Pollet D. K. , White W. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments were tested for season long control of SCB at Goldmine Farm, located in Edgard, LA. A RCB design (4 reps) which incorporated 28 plots of SCB susceptible ratoon sugarcane was utilized. Plot size ranged from 2.12 to 1.03 acres. Each treatment was applied in water using a Cessna Ag Cat with swaths of 54 ft (9 rows) delivering 2 GPA finished formulation (the Confirm treatment was applied with Latron CS-7 at a rate of 0.125% vol/vol). Infestations were monitored weekly, and plots treated first on 25 Jun, when 5% of sugarcane stalks contained live (SCB) larvae (3rd instars or smaller) in the leaf sheaths. All plots were retreated when the Asana XL treatment contained an infestation of 5% live larvae in the leaf sheaths (26 Jul and 20 Aug). Percent mortality was assessed 3 DAT by collecting and identifying stage of 15-20 larvae/plot. To determine the length of control, and if additional applications were needed, weekly SCB infestation counts were made in each plot. SCB damage was assessed by counting the number of bored internodes, exit holes and the total number of internodes of 75 sugarcane stalks per plot (5 sites/plot, 15 stalks/site) on 17 Oct. YSA infestations were monitored weekly by counting the number of YSA on the 3rd or 4th leaf below the whorl of 20 randomly selected plants. Plot weight reduction was also assessed by weighing 600 ft of row cane per treatment with a hydraulic scale mounted on a tractor (28, 29 Oct and 7, 9 Nov). Analysis of variance was conducted and separation of means was by LSD.
Potato Leafhopper Control in Navy Beans, 1994
Authors: Haas Mike , Landis Doug 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was established 7 Jun at the Entomology Farm in East Lansing, MI. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows × 50 ft long on 30 inch centers. Granular treatments were applied with modified Noble metering units attached to the back of the planter. The granular materials were placed in a T-band over the row at planting and incorporated with drag chains. Liquid materials were applied broadcast at the PLH threshold level of 1 per trifoliate. Threshold determination was accomplished by visual inspection of the number of adults and nymphs on 10 trifoliates randomly selected from plants in the center 2 rows of 10 untreated plots. After foliar treatments were applied, PLH counts were taken from 10 trifoliates in the center 2 rows of each plot 7 and 14 DAT. When PLH again reached the threshold level, a 2nd foliar application was made. At-threshold foliar applications were made 21 Jun, 6 and 27 Jul. Yield was taken from 17.4 ft in the center 2 rows of each plot on 22 Aug.
Turfgrass Mite Control Trial, Aurora, 1991
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was established 2 Apr along a median area of parking lot in Aurora, CO. Individual plots were 10.4-ft × 7.5-ft, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied in a water volume of 6.4 gal/1000 ft2, using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer. Evaluation was made 9 Apr using a D-Vac suction sampler (15-inch diameter). Plots were sampled by making 6 put-downs/plot and returned to the lab for sorting.
Apple, Late Season Control of White Apple Leafhoppers with Insecticides, 1994
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to seven-year-old trees in Fennville, MI (Indigo block) at a rate of 75 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated four times. Applications of all materials were made on 26 Aug. Nova and Penncozeb were applied separately to all treatments. Evaluations were made on 29 Aug, 1 and 12 Sep by examining 100 leaves per replicate and counting the total number with motile WALH stages present.
Control of White Grubs at the Purdue University Agronomy Research Center, W. Lafayette, In, 1994
Authors: Gibb T. J. , Buhler W. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 2 × 2 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 5 times. A PVC cylinder (6 inch inside diameter) was buried 4 inches into the soil and projected 1 inch above the soil in the center of each plot. Five third-instar grubs (mixed population consisting of about 90% Japanese beetles and 10% Southern masked chafers) were infested within each cylinder 5 d prior to treatment, 2 Sep. Granular formulations were applied with a homemade salt shaker. All plots received 0.5 inches of irrigation immediately after treatment. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temp., 21°C; soil temp, at 1 inch, 20°C; thatch depth (natural), 0.13-0.25 inches; soil texture, silt loam; wind speed 3-5 mph. Efficacy was evaluated 30 DAT by extracting the cylinders, separating the soil and grass, and recording the number of live grubs.
Control of Honeysuckle Witches Broom Aphid with Soil-Applied Systemic Insecticides—A two Year Evaluation, 1993-1994
Authors: Casey Sclar D. , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were established during 1993 at the Colorado State University Horticulture Research Farm using one year-old nursery liners, planted in an irrigated field. Treatments were applied 26 May, 1993. Applications using a Kioritz® soil injector involved introduction of 28 ml of diluted insecticide into two injection holes at the base of each plant. Soil drench treatments involved pouring 400 ml of diluted insecticide around the base of the plant. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 5 replications. Evaluations in 1993 were made by counting all symptomatic terminals and counting all associated aphids on 6 Jul. Trials the subsequent year involved counting the number of symptomatic (witches broom) terminals and making an assessment of plant quality on 9 Jun 1994. Throughout the experiment the field was periodically furrow irrigated.
Control of the Silverleaf Whitefly on Lantana Under Greenhouse Conditions, Fall 1993
Authors: Redak R. A. , Bethke J. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Year old Lantana plants were cut back to eight to twelve inch branches and allowed four weeks growth before use. During the growth phase, the plants were exposed to heavy population of silverleaf whitefly within the greenhouse. A 24 hour trapping on six sticky cards (6 × 9 inch) captured 398 whiteflies (mean of 66.3/card). A pre-treatment sample of four fully expanded leaves/plant was taken and was followed by treatment assignments. Treatments were made using a hand sprayer at 30-40 psi. Following treatment, plants were arranged in a randomized block design (5 plants/treatment) on raised greenhouse benches. Samples of four leaves per plant were collected on a weekly basis for three weeks and numbers of SWF eggs, nymphs, and dead/leaf were recorded.
Control of Adult Whitefly on Poinsettia Under Greenhouse Conditions, Winter 1992
Authors: Redak R. A. , Bethke J. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Poinsettias obtained as rooted cuttings were potted in 15 cm pots and allowed 8 wk growth (10-12" tall) before use. Twenty-seven plants were treated by soil application and arranged in a randomized block design on a greenhouse bench. Forty DAT, a 2.5 cm diam clip-cage containing 20 adult SWF was placed on the abaxial side of a fully expanded leaf of each plant. Eight h later the adults were removed and clip-caged to a separate set of untreated plants. Live and dead adults were counted at transfer, 24, and 48 h after transfer.
Control of Spider Mites on Potted Viburnum, 1994
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Casey Scla D. , Holtzer Abra 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted on potted nursery stock in 5 gal containers that were heavily infested with spider mites. Individual plots consisted of single plants, arranged in a RCB design with five replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer to point of run-off on 26 Jul. A second application was made 15 Aug, however plant vigor was declining rapidly at this point with many plants nearly killed. All evaluations were made by taking 8 leaves (2 from each cardinal point), washing the mites off with 70% EtOH and counting them under magnification (70X).
Effectiveness of a Dormant Application of Sunspray 6E Oil for Controlling Eriophyid Mites on Established Common Baldcypress, 1994
Authors: Kintz J. , Steward V. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Baldcypress trees, with an avg DBH of 16 inches, located on the property of Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, PA, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a dormant application of Sunspray 6E oil against eriophyid mites. On 11 Apr, trees were treated with a 2.5% solution of oil for an average of 57 gal of finished spray per tree. An SDI sprayer operating at 600 psi with a no. 50 Gun Jet hollow cone nozzle tip was used to apply the treatment. Treatment was performed between 6—8 AM during overcast conditions, 43°F, 40% RH, and &lt;5 mph winds. Effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated on 25 Apr (14 DAT) and 13 Jun (63 DAT). On 25 Apr, 5 branchlets/tree were randomly chosen from 5 treated and 5 untreated trees. Starting from the terminal end, 25 leaves/branchlet were examined using a dissecting microscope and the no. of live mites was counted and recorded. On 13 Jun, 4 branches/tree were randomly chosen from 4 treated and 4 untreated trees. From each branch, four 3-inch-long branchlets, as measured from the terminal end, were examined using a dissecting microscope and the no. of live mites was counted and recorded.
Apple, Campylomma Control on ‘Delicious’, 1994
Authors: Reding M. E. , Beers E. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The test was conducted in a 14-yr-old ‘Delicious’ orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with seven treatments and four single-tree replicates. The Lorsban 4E + dormant oil treatment was applied at half-inch green (29 Mar). All other treatments were applied at pink (7 Apr). All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer to point of drip at 300 psi. Application rates were based on 400 gpa. Nymphs were sampled from two limbs of each replicate tree on each sampling date with the mean of the two samples representing that replication. A beating tray with black cloth (45 cm × 45 cm) was held beneath a limb that was struck sharply three times and the number of nymphs was then counted. Fruit damage evaluations were conducted 15 Jun and 30 Aug, just before commercial harvest. Forty fruit per replicate were examined on the tree for MPB damage. Fruit with one or more stings were classed as damaged.
Control of Mature Twocirculi Mealybug with Foliar Insecticide Sprays, 1994
Authors: Casey Sclar D. , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at the Plant Environmental Research Center on the campus of Colorado State University. An RCB with 5 replications was used as an experimental design. Treatments were applied 28 May to single infested branches, using a hand-operated pump sprayer. Sampling of populations was done by counting the number of insects present on 18 inch terminals of each plant. "Quality ratings", an indication of size and appearance of the mealybugs are based on an average of ten 3rd and 4th instar female nymphs sampled per treatment on 10 Jun.
Effectiveness of a Dormant Application of Sunspray 6E Oil for the Control of the Honeylocust Spider Mite on Established Thornless Common Honeylocust, 1994
Authors: Steward V. B. , Kintz J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Honeylocusts, with an avg DBH of 7 inches and located on the property of Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, PA, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a dormant treatment of Sunspray 6E oil for the control of honeylocust spider mites. On 8 Apr, the infested honeylocusts were treated with a 2.5% solution of oil using an SDI sprayer operating at 400 psi with a no. 18 disc nozzle tip in an FMC gun. Treatment was applied between 6-8 AM under clear skies, 38°F, 30% RH, &lt;5 mph winds. An avg of 23 gal. of finished spray was applied to each tree. On 7 Apr, pre-treatment counts of live mites were made by examining a 10-inch-long branch section, as measured from the terminal end, from 11 different trees. On 15 Apr (7 DAT), the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by sampling 3 treated and 3 untreated trees. Four branches 10-inches in length, as measured from the terminal end, were collected from each tree and examined microscopically for live mites.
Control of Aphids on Bur Oak, Ft. Collins, Co 1993
Authors: Casey Sclar D. , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted using field grown nursery trees with approximately 2 inch trunk diameter. Plots consisted of individual trees, arranged in a RCB design with 5 replications. Soil injected insecticides were made using a Kioritz soil injector and insecticides were diluted at a concentration that allowed 1 fl oz to be introduced per injection hole. Injections were made at a rate of 2 per inch DBH, in a pattern under the drip line of the tree. Bay NTN 33893 (imidacloprid) treatments were applied 1 Jun and Metasystox-R (oxydemetonmethyl) 2 Jun. All foliar applications were applied on 1 Jun. Evaluations were made by counting all aphids on 10 leaves per tree.
Striped Pine Scale Control, Golden, Co, 1992
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Cooper Dayna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at a golf course in Golden, CO on Scotch pine heavily infested with striped pine scale. Applications were made 17 Jun to point of run-off on individual infested terminal branches. Plot design was a RCB with 4 replications. At the time of treatment most nymphs had recently settled on the needles; few crawlers were present. Plots were evaluated by counting the number of dead and living nymphs on 10 needle bundles collected from terminals 5 Aug. Plots of SunSpray and Volck were retreated 5 Aug. Samples (10 needle bundles/plot) were again taken from all plots 10 Sep.
Evaluation of Formulation and Application Method of Neem-Derived Insecticides Applied Against Fall Webworm, 1993
Authors: Eckberg Thomas B. , Cranshaw Whitney , Casey Sclar D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field collected fall webworm larvae in approximately Instar III-IV were exposed to either of the neem-derived insecticides Azatin EC or Margosan-O. Treatments included either a direct application of the insecticide to the body of the insect or feeding it chokecherry foliage sprayed to point of run-off. Larvae that received topical applications and larvae that were included as the water check were fed non-treated foliage. Larvae and foliage were sprayed August 30. Rates of Azatin used were 16 fl oz/100 gal; Margosan-O was applied in a 1:240 dilution. Larvae were separated into groups of approximately 10/petri dish, with 6 groups per treatment. Mortality was assessed over a 21 day period following exposure.
European Red Mite Suppression on Apples with Fluzinam 500, 1994
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. , Wally A. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Studies were conducted at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC, using 15-yr-old ‘Delicious’ apple trees with a tree-row-volume of 225 gpa. Plots consisted of two five-tree groups, with two trees in each group serving as sample trees. Treatments consisted of different application timings of Fluazinam 500 and Captan 50W from petal fall (Pf) through 8th cover (8C) and were arranged in a RCBD. Applications were made on 29 April (PF), 12 (IC), and 25 (2C) May, 8 (3C) and 23 (4C) June, 8 (5C) and 21 (6C) July, and 4 (7C) and 18 (8C) August. All treatments received the same insecticides including Imidan 50W (PF, IC), Diazinon 50W (3C), and Guthion 50WP (5C). Applications were made with an airblast sprayer delivering 225 gpa. ERM were monitored weekly from 3 May to 15 Aug by placing 10 leaves per sample tree through a mite brushing machine and counting the ERM eggs and motiles (immatures + adults), and AF under a stereo microscope. SP were assessed weekly from 13 Jun to 15 Aug by conducting a three-minute search near each sample tree and counting the number of adults and immatures. Cumulative mite days were calculated for all sample dates. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, and means were separated using LSD.
Thrips Control/Variety Test in Cotton with Temik, Keiser, Ar, 1993
Authors: Johnson D. R. , Jordan A. M. , Studebaker G. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 14 May at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center in Keiser, AR. Plots were treated with Terrachlor + Temik or Terrachlor + No Temik using Gandy boxes. Plots were 4, 38-inch rows, 50 ft long arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Ratings were made on 27 May & 3, 9, & 17 Jun. Visual ratings were made on a scale of 1—10 with 10 = severe damage.
Sinapis Albaibrassica Oleracea Somatic Hybrids for Host Plant Resistance Against Cabbage Maggot, 1994
Authors: Schroeder P. , Wilsey W. , Shelton A. , Earle E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cuttings from somatic hybrids of Sinapis alba (Cornell accession Alt 543) and Brassica oleracea (rapid cycling) and parents were investigated in the greenhouse for resistance to larval feeding and adult oviposition by cabbage maggot (CM). Five weeks after the cuttings were rooted, they were infested with 20 CM eggs in a completely randomized test and checked 4 weeks later for numbers and weight of CM pupae. Additional plants were confined in cages with 20 CM adults (10 male and 10 female) in completely randomized trials with choice (three plants per cage) and no-choice (individual caged plants) oviposition tests and checked 4 days later for numbers of CM eggs. The choice test was replicated 3 times and the no-choice test was replicated 6 times.
Control of Pecan Nut Casebearer on Pecans, 1994
Authors: Hall Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Four insecticides were screened for control of PNC on pecans. The test was conducted at a commercial pecan orchard located near Longview, TX (Gregg Co.). A section of the orchard was divided into 5 blocks of trees, with each block corresponding to one of the treatments. The blocks were each ca. one acre in size. A light crop necessitated the need for using several cultivars. Determination of pretreatment PNC infestation levels was done on 12 May. Twenty-five nut clusters, on each of 4 trees per block (100 nuts per block), were inspected for the presence of PNC eggs. If an egg was found on any nut within a cluster, the cluster was considered to be infested. Treatments were applied on 13 May using a Nut Hustler, PTO-driven, air-blast sprayer. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 90-gpa. Only one application was made. Posttreatment counts were made on 8 Jun. Twenty-five nut clusters, on each of 4 trees (100 nuts per block), were inspected for the presence or absence of PNC damaged nut clusters. A cluster was considered infested if one or more nuts within the cluster showed signs of larval entry.