bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of CO2 perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Nausch Monika , Bach Lennart Thomas , Czerny Jan , Goldstein Josephine , Grossart Hans-Peter , Hellemann Dana , Hornick Thomas , Achterberg Eric Pieter , Schulz Kai-Georg , Riebesell Ulf 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Studies investigating the effect of increasing CO2 levels on the phosphorus cycle in natural waters are lacking although phosphorus often controls phytoplankton development in many aquatic systems. The aim of our study was to analyse effects of elevated CO2 levels on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake. The phosphorus dynamic was followed in a CO2-manipulation mesocosm experiment in the Storfjärden (western Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea) in summer 2012 and was also studied in the surrounding fjord water. In all mesocosms as well as in surface waters of Storfjärden, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) concentrations of 0.26 ± 0.03 and 0.23 ± 0.04 µmol L−1, respectively, formed the main fraction of the total P-pool (TP), whereas phosphate (PO4) constituted the lowest fraction with mean concentration of 0.15 ± 0.02 in the mesocosms and 0.17 ± 0.07 µmol L−1 in the fjord. Transformation of PO4 into DOP appeared to be the main pathway of PO4 turnover. About 82 % of PO4 was converted into DOP whereby only 18 % of PO4 was transformed into particulate phosphorus (PP). PO4 uptake rates measured in the mesocosms ranged between 0.6 and 3.9 nmol L−1 h−1. About 86 % of them was realized by the size fraction < 3 µm. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) uptake revealed that additional P was supplied from organic compounds accounting for 25–27 % of P provided by PO4 only. CO2 additions did not cause significant changes in phosphorus (P) pool sizes, DOP composition, and uptake of PO4 and ATP when the whole study period was taken into account. However, significant short-term effects were observed for PO4 and PP pool sizes in CO2 treatments > 1000 µatm during periods when phytoplankton biomass increased. In addition, we found significant relationships (e.g., between PP and Chl a) in the untreated mesocosms which were not observed under high fCO2 conditions. Consequently, it can be hypothesized that the relationship between PP formation and phytoplankton growth changed with CO2 elevation. It can be deduced from the results, that visible effects of CO2 on P pools are coupled to phytoplankton growth when the transformation of PO4 into POP was stimulated. The transformation of PO4 into DOP on the other hand does not seem to be affected. Additionally, there were some indications that cellular mechanisms of P regulation might be modified under CO2 elevation changing the relationship between cellular constituents.
Deflecting Absence: 9/11 Fiction and the Memorialization of Change
Authors: Leggatt Matthew 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
“Deflecting Absence: 9/11 Fiction and the Memorialization of Change” is an interdisciplinary examination of the way in which post-9/11 texts have been instrumental in memorializing the event as a moment of radical historical departure. Focusing on fiction through the reading of seminal 9/11 literary texts including Falling Man, Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, and Amy Waldman's The Submission, the article deals with the internal contradictions at work both in reading and writing about works of 9/11 fiction and the way in which such texts eternally memorialize the discourse of change. Examining these literary texts alongside “Reflecting Absence,” the 9/11 memorial site, Spike Lee's film 25th Hour, and a broader discussion of the implications of the cultural discourse offered through these texts, the article exposes the disjuncture between 9/11 texts' desire to memorialize the event as the moment that “everything changed” and the missed opportunities for radical political change that followed.
“A Pleasant Place for the World to Hide”: Exploring Themes of Utopian Play in Ready Player One
Authors: Nordstrom Justin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Ernest Cline's 2011 novel Ready Player One offers an imaginary world that is simultaneously utopian and dystopian, because it portrays an immersive game-obsessed world that fuses high-tech virtual reality with 1980s nostalgia. Characters contrast their grim apocalyptic reality with escapism through worldwide gaming in the OASIS, a massively multiplayer VR world allowing players to travel into space, experience high fantasy, attend lavish parties, or simply socialize with friends. Cline's novel achieved significant acclaim, but few writers have considered the scholarly merits of the book, particularly as an example of the overlapping functions of gaming and utopianism. This article examines Ready Player One alongside Bernard Suits' philosophical approach to defining games and utopia. Ready Player One explicitly plays with ideas of eutopia and dystopia, games within games, reality and escapist play. As such, it is an excellent environment to examine Suits' philosophy of games and showcase why gaming is essential to utopian fiction, particularly in the early twenty-first century. For Cline, games are equally necessary for a dytopia for much the same reason—they allow a creative and social “escape hatch” from the grim realities of futuristic decline.
Effects of Working Memory Capacity and Domain Knowledge on Recall for Grocery Prices
Authors: Bermingham Douglas , Gardner Michael K. , Woltz Dan J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Hambrick and Engle (2002) proposed 3 models of how domain knowledge and working memory capacity may work together to influence episodic memory: a "rich-get- richer" model, a "building blocks" model, and a "compensatory" model. Their results supported the rich-get- richer model, although later work by Hambrick and Oswald (2005) found support for a building blocks model. We investigated the effects of domain knowledge and working memory on recall of studied grocery prices. Working memory was measured with 3 simple span tasks. A contrast of realistic versus fictitious foods in the episodic memory task served as our manipulation of domain knowledge, because participants could not have domain knowledge of fictitious food prices. There was a strong effect for domain knowledge (realistic food–price pairs were easier to remember) and a moderate effect for working memory capacity (higher working memory capacity produced better recall). Furthermore, the interaction between domain knowledge and working memory produced a small but significant interaction in 1 measure of price recall. This supported the compensatory model and stands in contrast to previous research.
CRESCIMENTO URBANO E OCUPAÇÃO DE VÁRZEA EM PEQUENAS CIDADES DA AMAZÔNIA: UMA DISCUSSÃO PREMENTE
Authors: Costa Sandra Maria Fonseca da , Valota Ed Carlos dos Santos , Oliveira Ivan Gomes de , Montoia Gustavo Rodrigo Milare , Santos Emmanuel Antonio dos 
Published: May 2016

Muitas cidades da Amazônia se instalaram sobre áreas de várzea, ambiente esse acessível na navegabilidade da Região e que compõem o dia-a-dia da população ribeirinha. O processo de ocupação nessas cidades é também consequência do que foi apreendido por esses moradores ao longo de suas vidas. Considerando esses aspectos, esse artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar o processo de crescimento urbano de Ponta de Pedras, PA, e entender a ocupação da várzea urbana, identificar quem é esse morador e os problemas ambientais existentes na área. Para construir essa pesquisa, foram aplicados formulários à população urbana, em julho de 2009 e julho de 2013, para levantar informações sobre o morador (perfil socioeconômico), situação do local de residência e questões ambientais, considerando a relação do morador com o rio e a várzea. Mapeou-se o crescimento da cidade, entre 1980 e 2010, se utilizando fotografias aéreas e imagens de satélite, para verificar a dinâmica de ocupação nas áreas de várzea. Nesse aspecto, famílias residentes na área de várzea, na cidade de Ponta de Pedras, ali se localizam, pois viviam em áreas similares, sob o ponto de vista físico, ou seja, áreas ribeirinhas, de várzea, sujeitas à dinâmica das águas dos rios e essas áreas apresentaram uma dinâmica de ocupação superior a outras áreas da cidade. Palavras-chave: pequenas cidades, Amazônia, várzea, população ribeirinha, Ponta de Pedras. DOI: 10.5902/2236499419094
Development of three-dimensional printing system for magnetic elastomer with control of magnetic anisotropy in the structure
Authors: Tsumori Fujio , Kawanishi Hidenori , Kudo Kentaro , Osada Toshiko , Miura Hideshi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we report on a new system of three-dimensional (3D) printing for a magnetic elastomer that contains magnetic particles. Not only can we fabricate a three-dimensional structure, but we can also control the magnetically anisotropic property of each position in the structure using the present technique. Our new system employed photocurable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as the base material so that a method similar to a conventional 3D printing process with photolithography can be used. A magnetic powder was mixed with photocurable PDMS, and particle chain clusters were obtained by applying a magnetic field during the curing process. These chain clusters provide an anisotropic property in each part of the printed structure. We show some results of preliminary experiments and 3D printed samples in this paper. If the fabricated structure was placed under an applied magnetic field, each chain cluster will cause the rotational moment to be along the magnetic flux line, which can deform a soft matrix body. This deformation can be used as a magnetic actuator for the structure. Variable deformable structures could be developed using the present method.
Application of patterned Ag-nanowire networks to transparent thin-film heaters and electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Kim Seung-Rok , Triambulo Ross E. , Kim Jin-Hoon , Park Jaeyoon , Jeong Unyong , Park Jin-Woo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We present patterned Ag-nanowire (AgNW) networks for their application to transparent electrodes in flexible devices. Using capillary-force-based soft lithography (CFL), we formed 25- to 30-µm-wide line patterns of AgNWs on flexible polymer substrates. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and transparent thin-film heaters (TFHs) were successfully fabricated on the patterned substrates, which verified the potential of AgNW patterns formed by CFL as interconnects in flexible devices.
Oxalate formation under the hyperarid conditions of the Atacama desert as a mineral marker to provide clues to the source of organic carbon on Mars
Authors: Cheng Z. Y. , Fernández‐Remolar D. C. , Izawa M. R. M. , Applin D. M. , Chong Díaz M. , Fernandez‐Sampedro M. T. , García‐Villadangos M. , Huang T. , Xiao L. , Parro V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this study, we report the detection and characterization of the organic minerals weddellite (CaC2O4 · 2H2O) and whewellite (CaC2O4 · H2O) in the hyperarid, Mars‐like conditions of the Salar Grande, Atacama desert, Chile. Weddellite and whewellite are commonly of biological origin on Earth and have great potential for preserving records of carbon geochemistry and possible biological activity on Mars if they are present there. Weddellite and whewellite have been found as secondary minerals occurring inside the lower detrital unit that fills the Salar Grande basin. The extremely low solubility of most oxalate minerals inhibits detection of oxalate by ion chromatography (IC). Crystalline oxalates, including weddellite and whewellite, were detected by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The association of weddellite with surface biota and its presence among subsurface detrital materials suggest the potential of a biological origin for Salar Grande weddellite and whewellite. In this regard, biological activity is uniquely capable of concentrating oxalates at levels detectable by XRD. The complementary detection of oxalate‐bearing phases through IC in the upper halite‐rich unit suggests the presence of a soluble oxalate phase in the basin that is not detected by XRD. The formation, transport, and concentration of oxalate in the Salar Grande may provide a geochemical analogue for oxalate‐bearing minerals recently suggested to exist on Mars.
Total Synthesis of Marine Natural Products: Cephalosporolides
Authors: Halle Mahesh B. , Fernandes Rodney A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMarine‐derived species, in particular, fungi, algae, sponges, and coelenterates are fertile grounds for the discovery of biologically and pharmacologically potent compounds. These molecules are structurally unique and possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. The rigid spiroacetal framework, that is, tetrahydro‐spirofurofuranones is present in cephalosporolides E, F, H, and I, while the macrolactone structure is exemplified by cephalosporolides B, C, D, G, and J. These marine‐derived molecular architectures are appealing to the synthetic community for their stereoselective synthesis. The present review represents a comprehensive overview of all the reported syntheses of these marine‐derived molecules.
Prognostic values of blood pH and lactate levels in patients resuscitated from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Momiyama Yukihiko , Yamada Wataru , Miyata Koutaro , Miura Koutarou , Fukuda Tadashi , Fuse Jun , Kikuno Takaaki 
Published: May 2016

AimEarly prediction of prognosis after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains difficult. High blood lactate or low pH levels may be associated with poor prognosis in OHCA patients, but these associations remain controversial. We compared blood lactate and pH levels in OHCA patients transferred to our hospital to measure their prognostic performance.MethodsWe investigated the associations between blood lactate and pH levels on admission and neurological outcomes in 372 OHCA patients who had a return of spontaneous circulation.ResultsOf the 372 OHCA patients, 31 had a favorable neurological outcome. Blood lactate levels were lower in patients with a favorable outcome than in those with an unfavorable outcome, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (82 ± 49 vs. 96 ± 41 mg/dL). However, pH levels were significantly higher in patients with a favorable outcome than in those with an unfavorable outcome (7.26 ± 0.16 vs. 6.93 ± 0.19, P < 0.001). The relative cumulative frequency distribution curve analysis showed the optimal cut‐off points of lactate and pH to be approximately 80 mg/dL and 7.05, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity to predict a favorable outcome were 61% and 64% for lactate <80 mg/dL and 84% and 80% for pH >7.05, respectively. Areas under receiver–operating characteristic curves were significantly larger for pH than for lactate levels (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, pH >7.05 was an independent predictor for a favorable outcome.ConclusionAfter OHCA, patients with a favorable outcome had lower lactate and higher pH levels than those with an unfavorable outcome, but pH level was a much better predictor for neurological outcome than lactate levels.
The conjugated plane formed in polyacrylonitrile during thermal stabilization
Authors: Lei Shuai , Cao Weiyu , Fu Zeyu , Xu Lianghua 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe formation process and mechanism of the pseudo‐graphite sheets of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) during thermal treatment in inert atmosphere were investigated by thermo‐gravimetry (TG) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). According to the results, the conjugated plane originally formed during stabilization was proposed as the basic planar structure of the pseudo‐graphite sheets, and it was connected and stacked to form pseudo‐graphite microcrystal through chain scission reaction and non‐carbon atoms elimination reaction in 280–450 °C and 800–1300 °C respectively. The in situ measurements for time dependence of ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were applied to study the conjugated plane of PAN during isothermal stabilization. It was found that with the higher temperature the conjugated plane forms more rapidly, and it has higher conjugated extent with the extending of heating time. The FTIR data showed that both cyclization and dehydrogenation are beneficial to the evolution of conjugated plane in the first 3 h, but only cyclization continues after 3 h at 250 °C. Further investigation indicated that stabilized PAN with large quantity and high conjugated extent of the conjugated plane would contribute to get large size of pseudo‐graphite microcrystal after carbonization, which is consistent with the former assumption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43890.
Enhanced nonisothermal and isothermal cold crystallization kinetics of biodegradable poly(l‐lactide) by trisilanolisobutyl‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes in their nanocomposites
Authors: Tang Lu , Qiu Zhaobin 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, the nonisothermal and isothermal cold crystallization behaviors of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA)/trisilanolisobutyl‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (tsib‐POSS) nanocomposites with low tsib‐POSS contents were fully investigated. For all the samples, the variations of heating rate and the tsib‐POSS loading may influence the nonisothermal cold crystallization of PLLA. During the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics study, the Ozawa equation failed to fit the nonisothermal crystallization process of PLLA, while the Tobin equation could fit it well. For the isothermal crystallization kinetics study, the crystallization rates of all the samples increased with increasing crystallization temperature. The cold crystallization activation energy of PLLA was increased with 1 wt % tsib‐POSS. Moreover, the addition of tsib‐POSS and the increment of tsib‐POSS loading could increase the crystallization rate of PLLA, indicating the nucleating agent effect of tsib‐POSS. However, the crystallization mechanism and crystal structure of PLLA remained unchanged in the nanocomposites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43896.
A test for equality of means of two correlated normal variates with missing data on both responses
Authors: Hamdan M. A. , Khuri A. I. , Crews S. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe propose a test for the equality of means of two correlated normal variates based on a sample with missing values on both variates. We assume an unknown common variance σ2 and an unknown correlation coefficient ϱ. Our test statistic, U, is a generalization of the paired t‐statistic and of Morrison's (1973) statistic for the case of missing values on one variate only. A simulation study is conducted to determine approximate percentage points of U for selected sample sizes and ϱ = =0.25, 0.50, 0.75.
Hyperosmotic stimulus study discloses benefits in ATP supply and reveals miRNA/mRNA targets to improve recombinant protein production of CHO cells
Authors: Pfizenmaier Jennifer , Junghans Lisa , Teleki Attila , Takors Ralf 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBiopharmaceuticals are predominantly produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells cultivated in fed‐batch mode. Hyperosmotic culture conditions (≥ 350 mOsmol kg∑1) resulting from feeding of nutrients may enhance specific product formation rates (qp). As an improved ATP supply was anticipated to enhance qp this study focused on the identification of suitable miRNA/mRNA targets to increase ATP levels. Therefor next generation sequencing and a compartment specific metabolomics approach were applied to analyze the response of an antibody (mAB) producing CHO cell line upon osmotic shift (280 → 430 mOsmol kg‐1). Hyperosmotic culture conditions caused a ∼2.6‐fold increase of specific ATP formation rates together with a ∼1.7‐fold rise in cytosolic and mitochondrial ATP‐pools, thus showing increased ATP supply. mRNA expression analysis identified several genes encoding glycosylated proteins with strictly tissue related function. In addition, hyperosmotic culture conditions induced an upregulation of miR‐132‐3p, miR‐132‐5p, miR‐182, miR‐183, miR‐194, miR‐215‐3p, miR‐215‐5p which have all been related to cell cycle arrest/proliferation in cancer studies. In relation to a previous independent CHO study miR‐183 may be the most promising target to enhance qp by stable overexpression. Furthermore, deletion of genes with presumably dispensable function in suspension growing CHO cells may enhance mAB formation by increased ATP levels.
In vitro analysis of essential binding sites on the promoter of the Serratia marcescens spn operon with the quorum‐sensing receptor SpnR
Authors: Takayama Yuriko , Kato Norihiro 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe N‐acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) receptor SpnR is a LuxR family protein that acts as a negative regulator of AHL‐dependent quorum sensing (QS). SpnR binds to DNA in Serratia marcescens AS‐1 via the spn box; however, the binding affinity of SpnR with the nucleotides on the spn box has not yet been investigated. In this study, we used an spn‐box‐modified sensor electrode, and quartz crystal microbalance analysis demonstrated a drastic reduction of the uptake of SpnR. The nucleotides G5 and C16 at the AHL‐receptor complex‐binding site are conserved in Gram‐negative bacteria, including the lux box in Vibrio fischeri, the tra box in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the spn box in S. marcescens. Indeed, the affinity of SpnR to DNA was reduced to 8% by G5C substitution of the spn box. The affinity of SpnR tagged with maltose‐binding protein to the immobilized gene promoter was reduced in the order of C16G and G5C substitutions, which corresponded with previous reports on the lux box. These results suggest that formation of hydrogen bonds at amino acid residues containing guanine at position 5 on a lux‐box‐like promoter universally contributes to the stability of the receptor complex, whose interaction initiates a sequential QS process in the LuxR family. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2513–2517. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Closed loop control of lactate concentration in mammalian cell culture by Raman spectroscopy leads to improved cell density, viability, and biopharmaceutical protein production
Authors: Matthews Thomas E. , Berry Brandon N. , Smelko John , Moretto Justin , Moore Brandon , Wiltberger Kelly 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAccumulation of lactate in mammalian cell culture often negatively impacts culture performance, impeding production of therapeutic proteins. Many efforts have been made to limit the accumulation of lactate in cell culture. Here, we describe a closed loop control scheme based on online spectroscopic measurements of glucose and lactate concentrations. A Raman spectroscopy probe was used to monitor a fed‐batch mammalian cell culture and predict glucose and lactate concentrations via multivariate calibration using partial least squares regression (PLS). The PLS models had a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.27 g/L for glucose and 0.20 g/L for lactate. All glucose feeding was controlled by the Raman PLS model predictions. Glucose was automatically fed when lactate levels were beneath a setpoint (either 4.0 or 2.5 g/L) and glucose was below its own setpoint (0.5 g/L). This control scheme was successful in maintaining lactate levels at an arbitrary setpoint throughout the culture, as compared to the eventual accumulate of lactate to 8.0 g/L in the historical process. Automated control of lactate by restricted glucose feeding led to improvements in culture duration, viability, productivity, and robustness. Culture duration was extended from 11 to 13 days, and harvest titer increased 85% over the historical process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2416–2424. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.