bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a novel, NF-κB nucleolar stress response pathway
Authors: Chen Jingyu , Lobb Ian T , Morin Pierre , Novo Sonia M , Simpson James , Kennerknecht Kathrin , Oakley Fiona , Stark Lesley A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstractp53 as an effector of nucleolar stress is well defined, but p53 independent mechanisms are largely unknown. Like p53, the NF-κB transcription factor plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under stress. Many stresses that stimulate NF-κB also disrupt nucleoli. However, the link between nucleolar function and activation of the NF-κB pathway is as yet unknown. Here we demonstrate that siRNA silencing of PolI complex components stimulates NF-κB signalling. Unlike p53 nucleolar stress response, this effect does not appear to be linked to inhibition of rDNA transcription. We show that specific stress stimuli of NF-κB induce degradation of a critical component of the PolI complex, TIF-IA. This degradation precedes activation of the NF-κB pathway and is associated with an atypical nucleolar architecture. It is mimicked by CDK4 inhibition and is dependent upon upstream binding factor (UBF) and p14ARF. We show that blocking stress effects on TIF-IA blocks their ability to activate the NF-κB pathway. Finally, usingex vivoculture, we show a strong correlation between degradation of TIF-IA and activation of NF-κB in freshly resected, human colorectal tumours exposed to the chemopreventative agent, aspirin. Together, our study provides compelling evidence for a new, NF-κB nucleolar stress response pathway that has in vivo relevance and therapeutic implications.
Large-scale rewiring in a yeast hybrid
Authors: Herbst Rebecca H. , Bar-Zvi Dana , Reikhav Sharon , Soifer Ilya , Breker Michal , Jona Ghil , Shimoni Eyal , Schuldiner Maya , Levy Avraham , Barkai Naama 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe merging of genomes in inter-specific hybrids can result in novel phenotypes, including increased growth rate and biomass yield, a phenomenon known as heterosis. We describe a budding yeast hybrid that grows faster than its parents under different environments. Phenotypically, the hybrid progresses more rapidly through cell cycle checkpoints, relieves the repression of respiration in fast growing conditions, does not slow down its growth when presented with ethanol stress, and shows increasing signs of DNA damage. A systematic genetic screen identified hundreds of alleles affecting hybrid growth whose identity vastly differed between the hybrid and its parent and between growth conditions. This large-scale rewiring of allele effects suggests that despite showing clear heterosis, the hybrid is perturbed in multiple regulatory processes. We discuss the possibility that incompatibilities contribute to hybrid vigor by perturbing safeguard mechanisms that limit growth in the parental background.
Estimating Genetic Kin Relationships in Prehistoric Populations
Authors: Kuhn Jose Manuel Monroy , Jakobsson Mattias , Günther Torsten 
Published: January 2017

AbstractArchaeogenomic research has proven to be a valuable tool to trace migrations of historic and prehistoric individuals and groups, whereas relationships within a group or burial site have not been investigated to a large extent. Knowing the genetic kinship of historic and prehistoric individuals would give important insights into social structures of ancient and historic cultures. Most archaeogenetic research concerning kinship has been restricted to uniparental markers, while studies using genome-wide information were mainly focused on comparisons between populations. Applications which infer the degree of relationship based on modern-day DNA information typically require diploid genotype data. Low concentration of endogenous DNA, fragmentation and other post-mortem damage to ancient DNA (aDNA) makes the application of such tools unfeasible for most archaeological samples. To infer family relationships for degraded samples, we developed the software READ (Relationship Estimation from Ancient DNA). We show that our heuristic approach can successfully infer up to second degree relationships with as little as 0.1x shotgun coverage per genome for pairs of individuals. We uncover previously unknown relationships among prehistoric individuals by applying READ to published aDNA data from several human remains excavated from different cultural contexts. In particular, we find a group of five closely related males from the same Corded Ware culture site in modern-day Germany, suggesting patrilocality, which highlights the possibility to uncover social structures of ancient populations by applying READ to genome-wide aDNA data.
Value computations underlying human proposer behaviour in the Ultimatum Game
Authors: Pulcu Erdem , Haruno Masahiko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInteracting with others to decide how finite resources should be allocated between parties which may have competing interests is an important part of social life. Considering that not all of our proposals to others are always accepted, the outcomes of such social interactions are, by their nature, probabilistic and risky. Here, we highlight cognitive processes related to value computations in human social interactions, based on mathematical modelling of the proposer behavior in the Ultimatum Game. Our results suggest that the perception of risk is an overarching process across non-social and social decision-making, whereas nonlinear weighting of others’ acceptance probabilities is unique to social interactions in which others’ valuation processes needs to be inferred. Despite the complexity of social decision-making, human participants make near-optimal decisions by dynamically adjusting their decision parameters to the changing social value orientation of their opponents through influence by multidimensional inferences they make about those opponents (e.g. how prosocial they think their opponent is relative to themselves).
Female Chemical Warfare Drives Fitness Effects of Group Sex Ratio
Authors: Khan Imroze , Prakash Arun , Issar Swastika , Umarani Mihir , Sasidharan Rohit , Jagadeesh N. , Lama Prakash , Venkatesan Radhika , Agashe Deepa 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYIn animals, skewed sex ratios can affect individual fitness either via sexual interactions (e.g. intersexual conflict or intrasexual mate competition) or non-sexual interactions (e.g. sex-specific resource competition). Because most analyses of sex ratio focus on sexual interactions, the relative importance of these mechanisms remains unclear. We addressed this problem using the flour beetleTribolium castaneum, where male-biased sex ratios increase female fitness relative to unbiased or female-biased groups. Although flour beetles show both sexual and non-sexual (resource) competition, we found that sexual interactions did not explain female fitness. Instead, female fecundity was dramatically reduced even after a brief exposure to flour conditioned by other females. Earlier studies suggested that quinones (secreted toxins) might mediate density-dependent population growth in flour beetles. We identified ethyl- and methyl-benzoquinone (EBQ and MBQ) as the primary components of adult stink glands that regulate female fecundity. In female-biased groups (i.e. at high female density), females upregulated quinones and suppressed each other’s reproduction. In male-biased groups, low female density lead to low quinone levels, allowing higher fecundity. Thus, quinones serve both as indicators and mediators of female competition, resulting in the observed fitness decline in female-biased groups. Our results underscore the importance of non-sexual interference competition that may often underlie the fitness consequences of skewed sex ratios.
A method for extracting angle information of direct P wave in shallow burst point localization based on wireless sensor array
Authors: Li Jian , Wu Dan , Han Yan , Xu Lina 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extract the angle information of direct P wave within multidimensional vibration signals obtained through the sensor array, and to realize high precision shallow burst point localization based on direct of angle (DOA).Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a method which combines adaptive covariance matrix (ACM) algorithm with geometric constraint conditions for extracting the angle information of direct P wave by using its polarization characteristics. First, modify the obtained three-dimensional vibration data by using attitude rotation matrix and unify the coordinate system of vibration field. Next, construct the beam model of direct P wave by making use of ACM algorithm and extract its angle information. Finally, modify P wave beam model by taking advantage of the space geometric constraint relations between nodes.FindingsThe results of numerical simulation show that this method not only can extract the angle information of direct P wave arriving at each node effectively, but also can evaluate the quality of extracted angle information of direct P wave. Meanwhile, the results of underground shallow explosion experiment show that this method can extract the angle information of direct P wave of each node significantly and can realize underground shallow explosion source localization based on DOA by using this information, the location error can be limited less than 50 cm and satisfies the location requirements of shallow burst point.Originality/valueThis paper provides a method for various problems of underground localization based on the sensor array, such as directional demolition blasting, underground damage assessment, earth-penetrating projectile burst point positioning in weaponry industry testing plant, etc., and has definite value to engineering application in underground space positioning field.
National audit of the quality of pain relief provided in emergency departments in Aotearoa, New Zealand: The PRiZED 1 Study
Authors:   The New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network and The Shorter Stays in Emergency Department National Research Project Group
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivePain is a common feature of ED presentations and the timely provision of adequate analgesia is important for patient care. However, there is currently no New Zealand data with respect to this indicator of care quality. The present study aimed to provide a baseline for the quality of care with respect to the provision of timely and adequate analgesia in New Zealand EDs.MethodsThe present study is a secondary analysis of data initially collected for the Shorter Stays in Emergency Department Study, using a retrospective chart review of 1685 randomly selected ED presentations (2006–2012) from 26 New Zealand public hospital EDs.ResultsOf the 1685 charts randomly selected, 1547 (91%) were reviewed from 21 EDs. There were 866 ED presentations with painful conditions, of whom 132 (15%) did not have pain recorded, 205 (24%) did not receive pain relief and 19 (2%) did not have time of analgesia documented leaving 510 (59%) for the analysis of time to analgesia. Four hundred and fifty‐seven (53%) did not have pain well documented sufficiently to assess adequacy, leaving 277 (32%) for the analysis of adequacy of analgesia. The median (interquartile range) time to analgesia was 62 (30–134) min and the provision of adequate analgesia was 141/277 (51%, 95% CI: 45–57%); however, there was some variation between hospitals for both outcomes.ConclusionAlthough these outcomes are on a par with other countries, this baseline audit has shown both poor documentation and variation in the provision of timely and adequate pain relief in New Zealand EDs, with room for improvement with respect to this quality indicator.
Public cardiopulmonary resuscitation training rates and awareness of hands‐only cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a cross‐sectional survey of Victorians
Authors: Bray Janet E , Smith Karen , Case Rosalind , Cartledge Susie , Straney Lahn , Finn Judith 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo provide contemporary Australian data on the public's training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and awareness of hands‐only CPR.MethodsA cross‐sectional telephone survey in April 2016 of adult residents of the Australian state of Victoria was conducted. Primary outcomes were rates of CPR training and awareness of hands‐only CPR.ResultsOf the 404 adults surveyed (mean age 55 ± 17 years, 59% female, 73% metropolitan residents), 274 (68%) had undergone CPR training. Only 50% (n = 201) had heard of hands‐only CPR, with most citing first‐aid courses (41%) and media (36%) as sources of information. Of those who had undergone training, the majority had received training more than 5 years previously (52%) and only 28% had received training or refreshed training in the past 12 months. Most received training in a formal first‐aid class (43%), and received training as a requirement for work (67%). The most common reasons for not having training were: they had never thought about it (59%), did not have time (25%) and did not know where to learn (15%). Compared to standard CPR, a greater proportion of respondents were willing to provide hands‐only CPR for strangers (67% vs 86%, P < 0.001).ConclusionFrom an Australian perspective, there is still room for improvement in CPR training rates and awareness of hands‐only CPR. Further promotion of hands‐only CPR and self‐instruction (e.g. DVD kits or online) may see further improvements in CPR training and bystander CPR rates.
Lack of effect of oral cabotegravir on the pharmacokinetics of a levonorgestrel/ethinyl oestradiol‐containing oral contraceptive in healthy adult women
Authors: Trezza Christine , Ford Susan L. , Gould Elizabeth , Lou Yu , Huang Chuyun , Ritter James M. , Buchanan Ann M. , Spreen William , Patel Parul 
Published: January 2017

AimsThis study aimed to investigate whether cabotegravir (CAB), an integrase inhibitor in development for treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus‐1, influences the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a levonorgestrel (LNG) and ethinyl oestradiol (EO)–containing oral contraceptive (OC) in healthy women.MethodsIn this open‐label, fixed‐sequence crossover study, healthy female subjects received LNG 0.15 mg/EO 0.03 mg tablet once daily Days 1–10 alone and with oral CAB 30 mg once daily Days 11–21. At the end of each treatment period, subjects underwent predose sampling for concentrations of follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and progesterone and serial PK sampling for plasma LNG, EO, and CAB concentrations.ResultsTwenty women were enrolled, and 19 completed the study. One subject was withdrawn due to an adverse event unrelated to study medications. Geometric least squares mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of LNG + CAB vs. LNG alone for LNG area under the plasma concentration–time curve over the dosing interval of duration τ and maximum observed plasma concentration were 1.12 (1.07–1.18) and 1.05 (0.96–1.15), respectively. Geometric least squares mean ratio (90% confidence interval) of EO + CAB vs. EO alone for EO area under the plasma concentration–time curve over the dosing interval of duration τ and maximum observed plasma concentration were 1.02 (0.97–1.08) and 0.92 (0.83–1.03), respectively. Steady‐state CAB PK parameters were comparable to historical values. There was no apparent difference in mean luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, and progesterone concentrations between periods. No clinically significant trends in laboratory values, vital signs, or electrocardiography values were observed.ConclusionsRepeat doses of oral CAB had no significant effect on LNG/EO PK or pharmacodynamics, which supports CAB coadministration with LNG/EO OCs in clinical practice.
Does Stock Liquidity Affect Accrual‐based Earnings Management?
Authors: Huang Kelly , Lao Brent , McPhee Gregory 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of stock liquidity on earnings management. While prior research finds that liquidity has mixed effects on corporate governance, our baseline regression results show that an increase in stock liquidity is associated with an increase in discretionary accruals and revenues. To establish causality, we use two quasi‐natural experiments that exploit exogenous increases in stock liquidity resulting from regulatory changes to the minimum tick size. The results of our difference‐in‐differences approach indicate that stock liquidity increases accrual‐based earnings management. Additional analysis suggests that liquidity affects earnings management by magnifying the effects of takeover pressure and equity compensation.
The significance of glypican‐3 expression profiling in the tumor cellular origin theoretical system for hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Xue Ran , Feng Jiliang , Meng Qinghua , Lv Fudong , Zhu Yueke , Yu Hongwei , Zhang Shijie , Song Chenzhao , Sun Lin , Yue Zhujun , Feng Shuai , Che Ruiwen , Xiang Qian , Jing Xiaodan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and AimGlypican‐3 (GPC3) expression is correlated with poor prognosis and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC progression can be associated with the differentiation status of tumor cell before malignant transformation. Our aim was to investigate the dynamic expression of GPC3 during tumor cells differentiation and to explore the role and theoretical significance of GPC3 in malignant essence of HCC.MethodsThe expressions of tissue GPC3 and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis were determined by pathological and imaging studies. HepG2 cells were induced to differentiate by all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Differentiation was evaluated by cytokeratin 19, gamma glutamyl transferase, and AFP through reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. GPC3 staining was analyzed through flow cytometry.ResultsBased on the immunohistochemical staining, the enrolled 316 cases were divided into two subtypes, namely, GPC3+ HCC and GPC3− HCC. Significant differences in morphology, histology variations, AFP expression, TNM staging, and overall survival curves were observed between two subtypes. During HCC differentiation induced by ATRA, the mean value of GPC3 expression treated with ATRA was much lower than the ones in placebo. There were significant differences between GPC3+ HCC and GPC3− HCC for cumulative intrahepatic and extrahepatic recurrence in early stage HCC (P = 0.009, P = 0.010).ConclusionsGlypican‐3 is correlated with the clinical malignant behavior of HCC. Moreover, GPC3 phenotype changes from positive to negative during tumor cells differentiation. Meanwhile, GPC3 plays a significant role in tumor cellular origin theoretical system, which can better reflect the malignant essence of tumors.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 in untreated nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Yadav Ashok Kumar , Ramachandran Raja , Aggarwal Abhinav , Kumar Vinod , Gupta Krishan Lal , Jha Vivekanand 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimDespite its importance in bone and cardiovascular disease in subjects with kidney disease, there are no data on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) perturbations in nephrotic syndrome. We evaluated FGF23 and markers of mineral bone metabolism in subjects with untreated NS.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we measured circulating levels of FGF23, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25 di‐hydroxy vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], serum albumin, serum calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in 101 patients with adults onset NS and 40 healthy controls. We examined the correlation between FGF23 and markers of mineral bone metabolism.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, subjects with NS showed reduced levels of 25(OH)D (21.76 ± 10.18 vs 35.74 ± 40.27 nmol/L, P = 0.001), 1,25(OH)2D (median; 37.80 vs 73.13 pmol/L, P = 0.0001) and FGF23 (37.81 ± 20.42 vs 48.20 ± 11.60 pg/mL, P = 0.004) levels. Serum phosphorus levels were marginally, but significantly higher in subjects with nephrotic syndrome compared to healthy controls (P = 0.004). Serum iPTH levels were significantly higher in subjects with NS compared to healthy controls (52.24 ± 39.58 vs 37.90 ± 14.60 pg/mL, P = 0.028).ConclusionsWe conclude that FGF23 is reduced in subjects with NS compared to healthy controls. The reduced levels of Vitamin D, and urinary losses may contribute to lower levels of FGF23 in NS.
A baseline impedance analysis in neurologically impaired children: A potent parameter for estimating the condition of the esophageal mucosa
Authors: Fukahori S. , Yagi M. , Ishii S. , Asagiri K. , Saikusa N. , Hashizume N. , Yoshida M. , Masui D. , Komatsuzaki N. , Higashidate N. , Nakahara H. , Tanaka Y. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether the baseline impedance (BI) value is a useful parameter to evaluate the condition of the esophageal mucosa in neurologically impaired (NI) children undergoing multichannel intraluminal impedance pH measurements (pH/MII).MethodsThe retrospective study included 55 NI patients ≤15 years. The patients were divided into acid gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), non‐acid GERD and GERD (−) groups. Furthermore, the patients in the acid GERD group were subdivided into erosive reflux disease (ERD) and non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) groups. pH/MII parameters and BI values (Z1‐6) were compared among three groups or between two groups, respectively. A Spearman's correlation analysis was used for the correlation analysis of pH/MII parameters and BI values. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the optimum cut‐off values of BI to discriminate ERD patients.Key ResultsThe BI values of the proximal and the distal channels in ERD group were significantly lower than those in NERD group. The BI values of the distal channels demonstrated significant negative correlations with acid exposure related pH/MII parameters. The optimal cut off value of BI in the most distal channel was determined to be 1500 Ω.Conclusions & InferencesThe present study suggested that NI children with reflux esophagitis were likely to suffer mucosal damage up to the proximal esophagus and cut‐off BI values may help estimate the presence of reflux esophagitis. Baseline impedance is a potent parameter, reflecting the esophageal mucosal damage in NI children who have difficulty in undergoing endoscopic examinations.
Maternal body mass index and post‐term birth: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Heslehurst N. , Vieira R. , Hayes L. , Crowe L. , Jones D. , Robalino S. , Slack E. , Rankin J. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryPost‐term birth is a preventable cause of perinatal mortality and severe morbidity. This review examined the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and post‐term birth at ≥42 and ≥41 weeks' gestation. Five databases, reference lists and citations were searched from May to November 2015. Observational studies published in English since 1990 were included. Linear and nonlinear dose–response meta‐analyses were conducted by using random effects models. Sensitivity analyses assessed robustness of the results. Meta‐regression and sub‐group meta‐analyses explored heterogeneity. Obesity classes were defined as I (30.0–34.9 kg m−2), II (35.0–39.9 kg m−2) and III (≥40 kg m−2; IIIa 40.0–44.9 kg m−2, IIIb ≥ 45.0 kg m−2). Searches identified 16,375 results, and 39 studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 4,143,700 births). A nonlinear association between maternal BMI and births ≥42 weeks was identified; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for obesity classes I–IIIb were 1.42 (1.27–1.58), 1.55 (1.37–1.75), 1.65 (1.44–1.87) and 1.75 (1.50–2.04) respectively. BMI was linearly associated with births ≥41 weeks: odds ratio is 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.05–1.21) for each 5‐unit increase in BMI. The strength of the association between BMI and post‐term birth increases with increasing BMI. Odds are greatest for births ≥42 weeks among class III obesity. Targeted interventions to prevent the adverse outcomes associated with post‐term birth should consider the difference in risk between obesity classes.