bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin and Neonatal Sepsis: A Promising Antioxidant Adjuvant Agent
Authors: Marseglia Lucia , Reiter Russel , Buonocore Giuseppe , Gitto Eloisa , D'Angelo Gabriella 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSepsis represents a major clinical problem in neonatal setting with elevated mortality rate related to multiple organ failure. Despite decades of research, the exact mechanism of organ failure in sepsis is still not completely understood. Oxidative stress (OS), derived from an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant factors, is involved in the pathogenesis of several neonatal diseases, including sepsis, and plays a particular role in systemic organ failure. Recently, it has been recognized that administration of antioxidants could be useful in septic patients. Among all antioxidants, melatonin has a characteristic role as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agent. In combination with other interventions, melatonin may contribute to an improvement in septic organ injury. Furthermore, melatonin has already been widely used in treating various diseases of neonatal population, including asphyxia, respiratory distress, and sepsis, and no significant toxicity or treatment-related side effects with long-term melatonin therapy have been reported. This review aims to summarize current knowledge concerning the potential beneficial role of melatonin in septic neonates, supporting its short-term adjuvant co-therapy to reduce complications during neonatal sepsis.
Risk Factors for Postpartum Septic Pelvic Thrombophlebitis: A Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Smid Marcela , Grace Matthew , Thompson Jennifer , Heine R. , Manuck Tracy , Dotters-Katz Sarah 
Published: July 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with the development of septic pelvic thrombophlebitis (SPT).
Study Design This is a secondary case–control study of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Network Cesarean Registry. SPT was defined as suspected infectious thrombosis of the pelvic veins, often persistent febrile illness in the setting of antibiotic therapy for endometritis. Women with SPT were compared with those without SPT using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression models estimated the association between selected risk factors and SPT.
Results Of 73,087 women in the cohort, 89 (0.1%) developed SPT. Women with SPT were more likely to be < 20 years old (33.7 vs. 10.6%, p < 0.001), black race (58.4 vs. 29.1%, p < 0.001), and nulliparous (51.1 vs. 23.3%, p < 0.001). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (32.6 vs. 11.8%, p < 0.001) and multiple gestation (12.5 vs. 7.4%, p = 0.03) were also more common in women with SPT. In the multivariable regression model, maternal age < 20, black race, multiple gestation, and preeclampsia were all significantly associated with increased odds of SPT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22, 3.14; aOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.68, 4.02; aOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.88; aOR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.86, 4.57).
Conclusion SPT is a rare pregnancy complication. Our analysis confirmed known risk factors (e.g., infections, cesarean delivery), and identified novel ones, including black race, young age, preeclampsia, and multiple gestation.
Prone Hip Extension Muscle Recruitment is Associated with Hamstring Injury Risk in Amateur Soccer
Authors: Schuermans Joke , Van Tiggelen Damien , Witvrouw Erik 
Published: July 2017

Abstract‘Core stability’ is considered essential in rehabilitation and prevention. Particularly with respect to hamstring injury prevention, assessment and training of lumbo-pelvic control is thought to be key. However, supporting scientific evidence is lacking. To explore the importance of proximal neuromuscular function with regard to hamstring injury susceptibility, this study investigated the association between the Prone Hip Extension (PHE) muscle activation pattern and hamstring injury incidence in amateur soccer players. 60 healthy male soccer players underwent a comprehensive clinical examination, comprising a range of motion assessments and the investigation of the posterior chain muscle activation pattern during PHE. Subsequently, hamstring injury incidence was recorded prospectively throughout a 1.5-season monitoring period. Players who were injured presented a PHE activation pattern that differed significantly from those who did not. Contrary to the controls, hamstring activity onset was significantly delayed (p=0.018), resulting in a shifted activation sequence. Players were 8 times more likely to get injured if the hamstring muscles were activated after the lumbar erector spinae instead of vice versa (p=0.009). Assessment of muscle recruitment during PHE demonstrated to be useful in injury prediction, suggesting that neuromuscular coordination in the posterior chain influences hamstring injury vulnerability.
Mesenteric Masses on 2D Mode and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: A Retrospective Study in 69 Patients
Authors: Trenker Corinna , Zadeh Ehsan , Petzold Golo , Görg Christian , Neesse Albrecht 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Purpose Detection of mesenteric masses (MM) by 2 D ultrasound often causes a diagnostic dilemma, and histological confirmation is required for definite diagnosis. The value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of MMs has not been investigated before. Here, we retrospectively evaluate 2D-mode and CEUS patterns of 69 patients with histologically confirmed MMs.
Materials and Methods Between January 2006 and January 2016, n = 69 patients were included in the study. Histopathological data, clinical data, 2D-mode ultrasound and CEUS enhancement were retrospectively analyzed.
Results More than half of the MMs (n = 47/69, 68 %) revealed a malignant histology. The size of the MM, inflammation markers and clinical symptoms did not correlate with the histological outcome. 2 D mode revealed n = 46 (67 %) lesions as hypoechoic, n = 14 (20 %) as hyperechoic, and n = 9 (13 %) with a complex echo pattern. Hypoechogenicity and complex echo patterns as well as regular borders of MMs were significantly associated with malignancy (p < 0.05). On CEUS, malignant MMs showed arterial hyperenhancement (n = 11/47, 23 %), isoenhancement (n = 25/47, 52 %) and hypoenhancement (n = 7/47, 15 %). The majority of malignant MMs (n = 42/47, 89 %) revealed parenchymal hypoenhancement. Benign masses revealed arterial hyperenhancement in n = 1/22 (5 %), isoenhancement in n = 8/22 (36 %), and hypoenhancement in n = 10/22 (45 %). The majority of lesions showed parenchymal hypoenhancement (n = 19/22, 86 %).
Conclusion Hypoechogenicity and complex echogenicity in 2 D mode, irregular borders, and parenchymal wash-out were more often associated with malignancy. However, CEUS did not help to subclassify malignant MMs according to their histological entity.
Tensiomyographic Assessment of Muscle Contractile Properties in 9- to 14-Year Old Children
Authors: Simunic Bostjan , Degens Hans , Zavrsnik Jernej , Koren Katja , Volmut Tadeja , Pisot Rado 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhile there are numerous data on the skeletal muscle fiber type composition in adults, little is known about the changes in fiber type composition and contractile properties during maturational growth in children. Using noninvasive tensiomyography, we measured contraction time (Tc), an indirect estimate of the myosin heavy chain I (MHC-I) proportion, to assess the longitudinal changes of the biceps brachii (BB), biceps femois (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in 53 boys and 54 girls. The children were 9 years at the start of the study and returned for 5 follow-up measurements until the age of 14 years. The ES has the shortest and the BF has the longest Tc. The VL and ES of boys have shorter Tc than those of girls. When applying the relationship between proportion of MHC-I and Tc established in adults to children’s TMG data, we found a slow-to-fast transition in the VL between, at least, the ages of 6 to 10 years, when it stabilized to adult proportions. Regular participation in sports was associated with a faster BF, but not in the VL. Our data represents a first non-invasive indication of the developmental changes in muscle fiber type composition in children.
MiR-185 inhibits 3T3-L1 cell differentiation by targetingSREBP-1
Authors: Ning Chunyou , Li Guilin , You Lu , Ma Yao , Jin Long , Ma Jideng , Li Xuewei , Li Mingzhou , Liu Haifeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAdipogenesis involves a highly orchestrated series of complex events in which microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an essential role. In this study, we found that the miR-185 expression increased gradually during 3T3-L1 cells differentiation. To explore the role of miR-185 in adipogenesis, miRNA agomirs and antagomirs were used to perform miR-185 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Overexpression of miR-185 dramatically reduced the mRNA expression of the adipogenic markers, PPARγ, FABP4, FAS, and LPL, and the protein level of PPARγ and FAS. MiR-185 overexpression also led to a notable reduction in lipid accumulation. In contrast, miR-185 inhibition promoted differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. By target gene prediction and luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) may be the target of miR-185. These results indicate that miR-185 negatively regulates the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by targeting SREBP-1, further highlighting the importance of miRNAs in adipogenesis.
Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Legionellosis in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients by Direct 16S Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Franco-Garcia Alexandra , Varughese Tilly A , Lee Yeon Joo , Papanicolaou Genovefa , Rosenblum Marc K , Hollmann Travis J , Koehne Guenther , Boulad Farid , Babady N Esther , Tang Yi-Wei , Seo Susan K 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Identifying extrapulmonary legionellosis is difficult due to the lack of clinical suspicion and limitations of conventional microbiologic methods. We present a case series of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with extrapulmonary legionellosis diagnosed via molecular diagnostics: 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene Sanger sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
A NEW APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THERMOLUMINESCENCE GLOW-CURVE OF TLD-600 DOSIMETERS FOLLOWING AM-241 ALPHA PARTICLES IRRADIATION
Authors: Sadek A M , Hassan M M , Esmat E , Eissa H M 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A new approach to the analysis of thermoluminescence (TL) glow-curves of LiF:Mg, Ti (TLD-600) following alpha particles irradiation has been presented using general expressions derived from the one-trap-one recombination (OTOR)-level model. It has been found that the results of the deconvolution in the case of using these expressions are different from the case of using the other TL expressions, especially for the high-temperature region. The advantage of using the OTOR expressions is that, unlike the usual analysis, a good fit and reasonable kinetic parameter values could be obtained with a lower number of deconvoluted peaks. The kinetic parameters and the dosimetric properties of each peak have been investigated over different absorbed doses and new findings have been found. Improvement of the accuracy and the precision of the dose measurements at low-dose levels has been achieved using the glow-curve deconvolution algorithm. In addition, theoretical interpretations of some observed behaviors have been presented using the interactive multiple trap system model.
Reactive oxygen species affect spinal cell type-specific synaptic plasticity in a model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Bittar Alice , Jun Jaebeom , La Jun-Ho , Wang Jigong , Leem Joong Woo , Chung Jin Mo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Spinal synaptic plasticity is believed to drive central sensitization that underlies the persistent nature of neuropathic pain. Our recent data showed that synaptic plasticity in the dorsal horn is cell type specific: intense afferent stimulation produced long-term potentiation (LTP) in excitatory spinothalamic tract neurons (STTn), whereas it produced long-term depression (LTD) in inhibitory GABAergic interneurons (GABAn). In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to be involved in LTP in STTn (STTn-LTP) and in LTD in GABAn (GABAn-LTD). This study examined the roles of 2 biologically important ROS––superoxide [·O2] and hydroxyl radicals [·OH]––in neuropathic mechanical hyperalgesia and cell type-specific spinal synaptic plasticity. The [·O2] donor induced stronger mechanical hyperalgesia than the [·OH] donor in naive mice. The [·O2] scavenger showed greater antihyperalgesic effect than [·OH] scavengers in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) mouse model of neuropathic pain. In addition, the [·O2] donor induced both STTn-LTP and GABAn-LTD, but the [·OH] donor induced only GABAn-LTD. On the other hand, the [·O2] scavenger inhibited STTn-LTP and GABAn-LTD induction in naive mice and alleviated SNL-induced potentiation in STTn and depression in GABAn. The [·OH] scavenger, however, inhibited depression in GABAn but did not interfere with potentiation in STTn. These results indicate that mechanical hyperalgesia in SNL mice is the result of the combination of STTn-LTP and GABAn-LTD. Behavioral outcomes compliment electrophysiological results which suggest that [·O2] mediates both STTn-LTP and GABAn-LTD, whereas [·OH] is involved primarily in GABAn-LTD.
T2*-Weighted and Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differentiation of Cerebral Fat Embolism From Diffuse Axonal Injury
Authors: Rutman Aaron M. , Rapp Elliot J. , Hippe Daniel S. , Vu Baoanh , Mossa-Basha Mahmud 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThis study differentiates cerebral fat embolism (CFE) and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsConsecutive CFE and DAI cases were retrospectively selected. Hemorrhages were characterized by number, size/shape, and distribution, whereas DWI lesions by pattern. The number of hemorrhages was compared using the Mann-Whitney test with adjustment for multiple comparisons, whereas DWI abnormality was compared using Fisher exact test.ResultsSeven CFE and 20 DAI patients were included. Cerebral fat embolism had significantly more hemorrhages than DAI (mean, 670 ± 407 vs 136 ± 87;P= 0.01), particularly in the frontal (P= 0.025), parietal (P= 0.002), and occipital lobes (P= 0.01), the corpus callosum (P= 0.01), and cerebellum (P= 0.01). Cerebral fat embolism microhemorrhages were punctate/round, whereas DAI hemorrhages were small/medium sized (P< 0.001) and linear (P= 0.001). On DWI, DAI typically had few scattered abnormalities, whereas CFE had confluent abnormalities (P< 0.05).ConclusionsMagnetic resonance imaging can differentiate CFE from DAI. Cerebral fat embolism demonstrates more hemorrhages. Larger or linear hemorrhages favor DAI. Diffuse confluent diffusion restriction favors CFE, whereas few scattered foci favor DAI.
Physiological Laterality of Superficial Cerebral Veins on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Matsushima Satoshi , Shimizu Tetsuya , Gomi Taku , Fukuda Kunihiko 
Published: July 2017

Objective
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether laterality of the superficial cerebral veins can be seen on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in patients with no intracranial lesions that affect venous visualization.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 386 patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging including SWI in our institute. Patients with a lesion with the potential to affect venous visualization on SWI were excluded. Two neuroradiologists visually evaluated the findings and scored the visualization of the superficial cerebral veins.

Results
Of the 386 patients, 315 (81.6%) showed no obvious laterality on venous visualization, 64 (16.6%) showed left-side dominant laterality, and 7 (1.8%) showed right-side dominant laterality.

Conclusions
Left-side dominant physiological laterality exists in the visualization of the superficial cerebral veins on SWI. Therefore, when recognizing left-side dominant laterality of the superficial cerebral veins on SWI, the radiologist must also consider the possibility of physiological laterality.
Measuring Cerebral Hypoperfusion Induced by Hyperventilation Challenge With Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Pavilla Aude , Arrigo Alessandro , Mejdoubi Mehdi , Duvauferrier Régis , Gambarota Giulio , Saint-Jalmes Hervé 
Published: July 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility to assess cerebral hypoperfusion with a hyperventilation (HV) challenge protocol using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and Methods
Magnetic resonance imaging experiments were performed on 10 healthy volunteers at 1.5 T, with a diffusion IVIM magnetic resonance imaging protocol using a set of b-values optimized by Cramer-Rao Lower Bound analysis. Hypoperfusion was induced by an HV maneuver. Measurements were performed in normoventilation and HV conditions. Biexponential curve fitting was used to obtain the perfusion fraction (f), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and the product fD* in gray matter (GM) regions of interest (ROIs). Regional cerebral blood flow in the same ROIs was also assessed with arterial spin labeling.

Results
The HV challenge led to a diminution of IVIM perfusion-related parameters, with a decrease of f and fD* in the cerebellum (P = 0.03 for f; P = 0.01 for fD*), thalamus GM (P = 0.09 for f; P = 0.01 for fD*), and lenticular nuclei (P = 0.03 for f; P = 0.02 for fD*). Mean GM cerebral blood flow (in mL/100 g tissue/min) measured with arterial spin labeling averaged over all ROIs also decreased (normoventilation: 42.7 ± 4.1 vs HV: 33.2 ± 2.2, P = 0.004) during the HV challenge.

Conclusions
The optimized IVIM protocol proposed in the current study allows for measurements of cerebral hypoperfusion that might be of great interest for pathologies diagnosis such as ischemic stroke.
Preliminary Results: Can Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Help Distinguish Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema and Acute Interstitial Lung Disease?
Authors: Takeuchi Hitoshi , Suzuki Shigeru , Machida Haruhiko , Ishikawa Takuya , Ueno Eiko 
Published: July 2017

Objective
We compared iodine concentration in pulmonary ground-glass opacity on iodine density images of contrast-enhanced chest dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) between patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) and acute interstitial lung disease (AILD).

Methods
Five of 12 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced chest DECT to exclude pulmonary embolism were clinically diagnosed with CPE and 7, with AILD. We compared the mean CT value on monochromatic images at 65 keV and iodine concentration on iodine density images between the affected and normal areas.

Results
The mean iodine concentrations were comparable between the affected and normal areas (P = 0.3048) in patients with CPE and were significantly higher in the affected than in the normal areas in those with AILD (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Measurement of iodine concentration in pulmonary ground-glass opacity of contrast-enhanced chest DECT has the potential to help distinguish CPE and AILD.
Pulmonary Apical Opacities on Thin-Section Computed Tomography: Relationship to Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Young Male Patients and Corresponding Histopathologic Findings
Authors: Kobayashi Noriko Sudo , Nambu Atsushi , Kawamoto Masashi , Hayashi Takana Yamakawa , Watanabe Masato , Okumura Takehiro , Fujino Shozo , Aso Tatsuya , Takahashi Mikiko , Okabe Yugo , Koyama Hikari , Kohyama Tadashi , Tago Masao 
Published: July 2017

Objective
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that apical opacities on computed tomography (CT) are related to occurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) in young male patients.

Methods
We compared the frequency of apical opacities on thin-section CT between 70 male patients with PSP (PSP group) and 74 male patients without a history of PSP (non-PSP group). We also evaluated histopathologic findings of 39 specimens from 37 surgical cases in the PSP group.

Results
Apical opacities were significantly more frequent in the PSP group than in the non-PSP group (right side, P = 0.01; left side, P = 0.005). Histopathologically, subpleural band-like alveolar collapse was seen in 35 specimens (89.7%), which was always accompanied by fibroelastosis and fibroblastic foci.

Conclusions
Apical opacities on CT were significantly associated with PSP in young male patients. These apical opacities histopathologically correspond to fibrotic pleural thickening with subpleural alveolar collapse.
Automatic Measurement of the Total Visceral Adipose Tissue From Computed Tomography Images by Using a Multi-Atlas Segmentation Method
Authors: Decazes Pierre , Rouquette Alexandra , Chetrit Annaëlle , Vera Pierre , Gardin Isabelle 
Published: July 2017

Background
The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume is a predictive and/or prognostic factor for many cancers. The objective of our study was to develop an automatic measurement of the whole VAT volume using a multi-atlas segmentation (MAS) method from a computed tomography.

Methods
A total of 31 sets of whole-body computed tomography volume data were used. The reference VAT volume was defined on the basis of manual segmentation (VATMANUAL). We developed an algorithm, which measured automatically the VAT volumes using a MAS based on a nonrigid volume registration algorithm coupled with a selective and iterative method for performance level estimation (SIMPLE), called VATMAS_SIMPLE. The results were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient and dice similarity coefficients.

Results
The intraclass correlation coefficient of VATMAS_SIMPLE was excellent, at 0.976 (confidence interval, 0.943–0.989) (P < 0.001). The dice similarity coefficient of VATMAS_SIMPLE was also good, at 0.905 (SD, 0.076).

Conclusions
This newly developed algorithm based on a MAS can measure accurately the whole abdominopelvic VAT.
Wide-area measurement system-based supervision of protection schemes with minimum number of phasor measurement units
Authors: Gajare Swaroop , Rao J. Ganeswara , Naidu O. D. , Pradhan Ashok Kumar 
Published: July 2017

Cascade tripping of power lines triggered by maloperation of zone-3 relays during stressed system conditions, such as load encroachment, power swing and voltage instability, has led to many catastrophic power failures worldwide, including Indian blackouts in 2012. With the introduction of wide-area measurement systems (WAMS) into the grids, real-time monitoring of transmission network condition is possible. A phasor measurement unit (PMU) sends time-synchronized data to a phasor data concentrator, which can provide a control signal to substation devices. The latency associated with the communication system makes WAMS suitable for a slower form of protection. In this work, a method to identify the faulted line using synchronized data from strategic PMU locations is proposed. Subsequently, a supervisory signal is generated for specific relays in the system for any disturbance or stressed condition. For a given system, an approach to decide the strategic locations for PMU placement is developed, which can be used for determining the minimum number of PMUs required for application of the method. The accuracy of the scheme is tested for faults during normal and stressed conditions in a New England 39-bus system simulated using EMTDC/PSCAD software. With such a strategy, maloperation of relays can be averted in many situations and thereby blackouts/large-scale disturbances can be prevented.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Energy management: flexibility, risk and optimization’.