bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide/Poly(ethylene oxide) Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qi Xingguo , Ma Qiang , Liu Lilu , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Li Hong , Zhou Zhibin , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), a promising substitute for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), are considered to have the potential to be employed in large‐scale energy storage systems with lower cost and enhanced safety as primary concerns. Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE)‐based SIBs will more likely meet these demands, because of their good flame resistance and excellent flexibility compared with conventional organic liquid‐electrolyte‐based SIBs. Here, we describe an SPE composed of sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The NaFSI/PEO (molar ratio of EO/Na+=20) blended polymer electrolyte exhibits a low glass transition temperature (i.e. −37.9 °C), relatively high ionic conductivity (i.e. ≈4.1×10−4 S cm−1 at 80 °C), and enough electrochemical and thermal stability for application in SIBs. Most importantly, the NaFSI/PEO blended polymer electrolyte displays excellent interfacial stability with Na metal in Na/Na cells and good cycling performance in prototype cells with Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 as the cathode material. All of these properties make NaFSI‐based SPEs promising candidates for use in SIBs.
Chemical Leaching of Pt–Cu/C Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction: Activity, Particle Structure, and Relation to Electrochemical Leaching
Authors: Petrova Olga , Kulp Christian , Pohl Marga‐Martina , ter Veen Rik , Veith Lothar , Grehl Thomas , van den Berg Maurits W. E. , Brongersma Hidde , Bron Michael , Grünert Wolfgang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCarbon‐supported Pt–Cu alloy nanoparticles (Cu/Pt=2.6 on average) were obtained by a liquid precursor impregnation–reduction technique, with alloying in dilute hydrogen at 800 °C. They were subjected to leaching (chemical—CL: 1 m H2SO4, 80 °C for 36 h, electrochemical—EL: 200 times potential cycling between 0.05 and 1.2 V in 0.1 m HClO4) to study the influence of leaching on their activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and on particle structure, in particular, for the chemical route that provided sufficient material for the characterization techniques employed (X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low‐energy ion scattering). CL resulted in core–shell‐structured nanoparticles, in which an external monolayer of pure Pt covered an alloy core significantly depleted in Cu. Cu/Pt ratios in the cores were distributed around Cu/Pt=0.4–1, which differs from particle architectures described in the literature as a result of EL. The alloy superstructure initially present was destroyed. A minority of pure Pt particles, probably very small in size, coexisted with the alloy particles. The specific ORR activity of these leached nanoparticles was twice that of the original Pt–Cu alloy particles (264 vs. 140 μA cm−2 Pt). Electrochemical leaching applied to the initial particles or to the chemically dealloyed ones also resulted in activation (direct EL −175 μA cm−2 Pt, EL after CL −315 μA cm−2 Pt). Particles with a Cu‐depleted alloy core (EL after CL) provided higher activity after EL.
Simulation of concentrated suspensions in free surface systems
Authors: Javidi Mahyar , Hrymak Andrew N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study deals with the numerical simulation of free‐surface concentrated suspensions using the finite volume method. The numerical procedure, based on the particle diffusion‐flux model, is implemented in a computational fluid dynamic platform for estimating the particle volume fraction in three‐dimensional flows with arbitrary geometry and boundary conditions. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method has been applied to track the flow interface between liquid and gas, with the solid particles dispersed in the liquid phase, in the free coating process. A finite length cylinder is dip coated, where the substrate is pulled out of a concentrated suspension bath. In the current work, the initial solid particle volume fraction range is 0.1–0.4 and the withdrawal velocity varies in the range of 0.05–0.15 m/s. Comparisons are made between numerical simulation predictions and experimental results for coating layer thickness, with close agreement achieved.
Variable proopiomelanocortin expression in tanycytes of the adult rat hypothalamus and pituitary stalk
Authors: Wittmann Gábor , Farkas Erzsébet , Szilvásy‐Szabó Anett , Gereben Balázs , Fekete Csaba , Lechan Ronald M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIt is generally believed that proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is expressed exclusively by neurons in the adult rodent brain. Unbeknownst to most researchers, however, Pomc in situ hybridization studies in the rat show specific labeling in the ventral wall of the hypothalamic third ventricle, which is formed by specialized ependymal cells, called tanycytes. Here we characterized this non‐neuronal POMC expression in detail using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, and report two unique characteristics. First, POMC mRNA and precursor protein expression in non‐neuronal cells varies to a great degree as to the extent and abundance of expression. In brains with low‐level expression, POMC mRNA and protein was largely confined to a population of tanycytes within the infundibular stalk/caudal median eminence, termed here γ tanycytes, and a subset of closely located β and α2 tanycytes. In brains with high‐level expression, POMC mRNA and protein was observed in the vast majority of α2, β, and γ tanycytes. This variability was observed in both adult males and females; of 41 rats between 8 and 15 weeks of age, 17 had low‐, 9 intermediate‐, and 15 high‐level POMC expression in tanycytes. Second, unlike other known POMC‐expressing cells, tanycytes rarely contained detectable levels of adrenocorticotropin or α‐melanocyte–stimulating hormone. The results indicate either a dynamic spatiotemporal pattern whereby low and high POMC syntheses in tanycytes occur periodically in each brain, or marked interindividual differences that may persist throughout adulthood. Future studies are required to examine these possibilities and elucidate the physiologic importance of POMC in tanycytes. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:411–441, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calibration of parameters for cardiovascular models with application to arterial growth
Authors: Kehl Sebastian , Gee Michael W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present a computational framework for the calibration of parameters describing cardiovascular models with a focus on the application of growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The growth rate in this sort of pathology is considered a critical parameter in the risk management and is an essential indicator for the assessment of surveillance intervals. Parameters describing growth of AAAs are not measurable directly and need to be estimated from available data often given by medical imaging technologies. Registration procedures often applied in standard workflows of parameter identification to extract the image encoded information are a source of significant systematic error. The concept of surface currents provides means to effectively avoid this source of errors by establishing a mathematical framework to compare surface information, directly accessible from image data. By utilizing this concept it is possible to inversely estimate growth parameters using sophisticated numerical models of AAAs from measurements available as surface information. In this work we present a framework to obtain spatial distributions of parameters governing growth of arterial tissue, and we show how the use of surface currents can significantly improve the results. We further present the application to patient specific follow‐up data resulting in a spatial map of volumetric growth rates enabling, for the first time, prediction of further AAA expansion.
Modeling the mechanics of axonal fiber tracts using the embedded finite element method
Authors: Garimella Harsha T. , Kraft Reuben H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA subject‐specific human head finite element model with embedded axonal fiber tractography obtained from diffusion tensor imaging was developed. The axonal fiber tractography finite element model was coupled with the volumetric elements in the head model using the embedded element method. This technique enables the calculation of axonal strains and real‐time tracking of the mechanical response of the axonal fiber tracts. The coupled model was then verified using pressure and relative displacement‐based (between skull and brain) experimental studies and was employed to analyze a head impact, demonstrating the applicability of this method in studying axonal injury. Following this, a comparison study of different injury criteria was performed. This model was used to determine the influence of impact direction on the extent of the axonal injury. The results suggested that the lateral impact loading is more dangerous compared to loading in the sagittal plane, a finding in agreement with previous studies. Through this analysis, we demonstrated the viability of the embedded element method as an alternative numerical approach for studying axonal injury in patient‐specific human head models.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Circularly Polarized Laser Pulse Propagating in a Magnetized Plasma with q ‐Nonextensive Velocity Distributions
Authors: Etemadpour R. , Sepehri Javan N. , Dorranian D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe nonlinear dynamics of a circularly polarized laser pulse propagating in magnetized plasma contains hot nonextensive q ‐distributed electrons and ions is studied theoretically. A nonlinear equation which describes the dynamics of the slowly varying amplitude electromagnetic wave is obtained using the relativistic two‐fluids model. Some nonlinear phenomena include modulational instability, self‐focusing, soliton formation, and longitudinal and transversal evolutions of laser pulse in nonextensive plasma medium are investigated. Results show that the nonextensivity of particles can substantially change the nonlinearity of medium. The external magnetic field enhances the modulation instability growth rate of right‐hand polarization wave but for the left‐hand polarization the growth rate decreases. The spot size of the laser pulse is strongly affected by the plasma nonextensivity. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The neurotrophin receptor signaling endosome: Where trafficking meets signaling
Authors: Barford Kelly , Deppmann Christopher , Winckler Bettina 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTNeurons are the largest cells in the body and form subcellular compartments such as axons and dendrites. During both development and adulthood building blocks must be continually trafficked long distances to maintain the different regions of the neuron. Beyond building blocks, signaling complexes are also transported, allowing for example, axons to communicate with the soma. The critical roles of signaling via ligand–receptor complexes is perhaps best illustrated in the context of development, where they are known to regulate polarization, survival, axon outgrowth, dendrite development, and synapse formation. However, knowing ‘when’ and ‘how much’ signaling is occurring does not provide the complete story. The location of signaling has a significant impact on the functional outcomes. There are therefore complex and functionally important trafficking mechanisms in place to control the precise spatial and temporal aspects of many signal transduction events. In turn, many of these signaling events affect trafficking mechanisms, setting up an intricate connection between trafficking and signaling. In this review we will use neurotrophin receptors, specifically TrkA and TrkB, to illustrate the cell biology underlying the links between trafficking and signaling. Briefly, we will discuss the concepts of how trafficking and signaling are intimately linked for functional and diverse signaling outputs, and how the same protein can play different roles for the same receptor depending on its localization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419–437, 2017
Effective stress law for the permeability of clay‐bearing sandstones by the Modified Clay Shell model
Authors: Moghadam Javad Naseryan , Mondol Nazmul Haque , Aagaard Per , Hellevang Helge 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this study, the effective stress law for the permeability of two core plugs selected from Berea (Cleveland Quarries, OH, USA) and Knorringfjellet (Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway) sandstones is studied experimentally by measuring the core permeability (k) under varying confining stress (σc) and pore pressures (Pp). The obtained results demonstrate that the permeabilities of the two core plugs decrease with increasing σc or decreasing Pp. The effective stress coefficient for the permeability (αk) values are more than 1.0 for both sandstone core plugs indicating higher sensitivity of the permeability with respect to the applied Pp compared to the applied σc. The previously presented models for calculating αk, such as the Clay Free, Clay Shell, and Clay Particle models, are discussed and a new modified Clay Shell model considering spherical geometry is presented to account for the considerable contrast between the elastic moduli of quartz and clay minerals. The discussed models strongly depend on the magnitude of the considered elastic moduli for the clay minerals. While the Clay Shell and Clay Particle models are capable of describing the observed αk values by considering extremely low elastic moduli for clays, the new modified Clay Shell model is capable of predicting αk values by considering moderate to low values of elastic moduli of clays. The increasing trend of αk values by increasing the σc is discussed and a new correlation based on the observed k values for calculation of αk is presented. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The induction of CXCR4 expression in human osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) by CoCr particles is regulated by the PLC‐DAG‐PKC pathway
Authors: Drynda Andreas , Ren Qiang , Buchhorn Gottfried H. , Lohmann Christoph H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundOsteolysis which leads to aseptic loosening of implants is a fundamental problem in joint replacement surgery (arthroplasty) and the leading cause for implant failure and revision surgery. Metal (CoCr) particles separated from implants by wear cause osteolysis and the failure of orthopedic implants, but the molecular mechanism is not clear. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been shown to play a pivotal role in periprosthetic osteolysis. The aim of this study was to determine which signal transduction pathway (PLC‐DAG‐PKC or MAPK/ERK) induces CXCR4 expression in osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) cells.MethodsMG63 and Jurkat cells were stimulated with different amounts of particles (107, 106, and 105) for different time periods (30 min to 24 h), in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors (chelerythrine for the PLC‐DAG‐PKC pathway and PD98059 for the MAPK/ERK pathway). The expression of CXCR4‐specific mRNA was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the PKC activity was measured by Western Blot using an antibody specific for PKC‐related phosphorylation.ResultsReal‐time PCR data showed that CXCR4 mRNA expression in MG63 cells induced by CoCr particles was significantly diminished by the PKC‐specific inhibitor chelerythrine. This effect was not observed with the MAPK/ERK inhibitor PD98059. The involvement of PKC was also confirmed by an intensified phosphorylation pattern after stimulation with CoCr particles. In Jurkat cells, none of the inhibitors exhibited any effect.ConclusionThe induction of CXCR4‐specific mRNA expression in MG63 cells after stimulation with CoCr particles is regulated by the PLC‐DAG‐PKC pathway and not by the MAPK/ERK pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2326–2332, 2017.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Promotes Osteoclast Formation Via PI3K/Akt Pathway‐Mediated Blimp1 Expression Upregulation
Authors: Wu LeCheng , Guo QunFeng , Yang Jun , Ni Bin 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced osteoclastogenesis have profound effects in states of inflammatory osteolysis such as rheumatoid arthritis, periprosthetic implant loosening, and periodontitis. However, the exact mechanisms by which TNF‐α promotes RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation remains poorly understood. B lymphocyte‐induced maturation protein‐1 (Blimp1) is a transcriptional repressor that plays crucial roles in the differentiation and/or function of various kinds of cells including osteoclasts. A novel mechanism was identified where TNF‐α‐mediated Blimp1 expression, which contributed to RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis. It is shown that TNF‐α could promote the level of Blimp1 expression during osteoclast differentiation. Silencing of Blimp1 in osteoclast precursor cells obviously attenuated the stimulatory effect of TNF‐α on osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, TNF‐α‐induced Blimp1 expression was markedly rescued by blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which suggested that PI3K/Akt signaling was involved in the regulation of TNF‐α‐stimulated Blimp1 expression. Taken together, the results established a molecular mechanism of TNF‐α‐induced osteoclasts differentiation, and provided insights into the potential contribution of Blimp1 in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis by TNF‐α. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1308–1315, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRA with conventional angiography for assessment of severity of transplant renal artery stenosis
Authors: Fananapazir Ghaneh , Bashir Mustafa R. , Corwin Michael T. , Lamba Ramit , Vu Catherine T. , Troppmann Christoph 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo determine the accuracy of ferumoxytol‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in assessing the severity of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS), using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard.Materials and MethodsOur Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant study. Thirty‐three patients with documented clinical suspicion for TRAS (elevated serum creatinine, refractory hypertension, edema, and/or audible bruit) and/or concerning sonographic findings (elevated renal artery velocity and/or intraparenchymal parvus tardus waveforms) underwent a 1.5T MRA with ferumoxytol prior to DSA. All DSAs were independently reviewed by an interventional radiologist and served as the reference standard. The MRAs were reviewed by three readers who were blinded to the ultrasound and DSA findings for the presence and severity of TRAS. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for identifying substantial stenoses (>50%) were determined. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated among readers. Mean differences between the percent stenosis from each MRA reader and DSA were calculated.ResultsOn DSA, a total of 42 stenoses were identified in the 33 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRA in detecting substantial stenoses were 100%, 75–87.5%, and 95.2–97.6%, respectively, among the readers. There was excellent agreement among readers as to the percent stenosis (ICC = 0.82). MRA overestimated the degree of stenosis by 3.9–9.6% compared to DSA.ConclusionFerumoxytol‐enhanced MRA provides high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for determining the severity of TRAS. Our results suggest that it can potentially be used as a noninvasive examination following ultrasound to reduce the number of unnecessary conventional angiograms.Level of Evidence: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:779–785.
Effect Of combining FK506 and neurotrophins on neurite branching and elongation
Authors: Labroo Pratima , Shea Jill , Sant Himanshu , Gale Bruce , Agarwal Jayant 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is a clinical need to improve the outcomes of peripheral nerve regeneration and repair after injury. In addition to its immunosuppressive effects, FK506 (tacrolimus) has been shown to have neuroregenerative properties. To determine biologically relevant local FK506 and growth factor concentrations, we performed an in vitro bioassay using dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from chicken embryos.MethodsNeurite elongation and neurite branching were analyzed microscopically after addition of FK506, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), each alone and in combination.ResultsFK506 induced modest neurite elongation (∼500–800 µm) without improving neurite branching significantly. The combination of FK506 with NGF, GDNF, or both, exerted a potentiating or competitive effect on neurite elongation (∼700–1100 µm) based on dosage and competitive effect on neurite branching (∼0.2–0.4).ConclusionsThese results strongly suggest that the interaction of FK506 with GDNF and NGF mediates distinct enhancement of neurite growth. Muscle Nerve 55: 570–581, 2017
A dynamic condensation method using algebraic substructuring
Authors: Boo Seung‐Hwan , Lee Phill‐Seung 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we develop a robust reduced‐order modeling method, named algebraic dynamic condensation, which is based on the improved reduced system method. Using algebraic substructuring, the global mass and stiffness matrices are divided into many small submatrices without considering the physical domain, and substructures and interface boundary are defined in the algebraic perspective. The reduced model is then constructed using three additional procedures: substructural stiffness condensation, interface boundary reduction, and substructural inertial effect condensation. The formulation of the reduced model is simply expressed at a submatrix level without using a transformation matrix that induces huge computational cost. Through various numerical examples, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated in terms of accuracy and computational cost. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of pulmonary artery sling where onset Was induced by therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Nakajima Junya , Sunohara Daisuke , Kawashima Hisashi 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA neonate with severe neonatal asphyxia was treated with therapeutic hypothermia. He developed hypothermia‐induced respiratory deterioration, after which congenital tracheal stenosis and pulmonary artery sling were diagnosed. Even low‐grade hypothermia is likely to induce bronchial narrowing in neonates, especially in neonates with congenital respiratory tract anomalies. Congenital tracheal stenosis represents a potential pitfall in differential diagnosis and should be carefully ruled out in cases of bronchial narrowing episode induced by therapeutic hypothermia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:E7–E10. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced dielectric properties of thin Ta2O5 films grown on 65 nm SiO2/Si
Authors: Kolkovsky Vl. , Kurth E. , Kunath C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe structural and electrical properties of Ta2O5/65 nm SiO2 structures with different thicknesses of Ta2O5 varying in the range of 0‐260 nm are investigated. We find that the stack structures grown by the magnetron sputtering technique and annealed at 1220 K in O and Ar atmosphere show one of the highest dielectric constant of Ta2O5(about 64) among those previously reported in the literature. The structure of the annealed polycrystalline Ta2O5 films is orthorhombic, as obtained from X‐ray diffraction measurements and we do not observe any preferential orientation of the annealed films. The Ta2O5 films contain positively charged defects which become mobile at around 400 K and they are tentatively correlated with the oxygen vacancies. The leakage current in the stack structures is a factor of 20 higher compared to that in thin layers with 65 nm SiO2. The conduction mechanism in the stack structures can be described by the Fowler‐Nordheim model with a barrier height that decreases slightly (<10%) as a function of the thickness of the films. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)