bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of future water availability under climate change, considering scenarios for population growth and ageing infrastructure
Authors: Kristvik Erle , Muthanna Tone M. , Alfredsen Knut 
Published: January 2018

AbstractClimate change is likely to cause higher temperatures and alterations in precipitation patterns, with potential impacts on water resources. One important issue in this respect is inflow to drinking water reservoirs. Moreover, deteriorating infrastructures cause leakage in water distribution systems and urbanization augments water demand in cities. In this paper, a framework for assessing the combined impacts of multiple trends on water availability is proposed. The approach is focused on treating uncertainty in local climate projections in order to be of practical use to water suppliers and decision makers. An index for water availability (WAI) is introduced to quantify impacts of climate change, population growth, and ageing infrastructure, as well as the effects of implementing counteractive measures, and has been applied to the city of Bergen, Norway. Results of the study emphasize the importance of considering a range of climate scenarios due to the wide spread in global projections. For the specific case of Bergen, substantial alterations in the hydrological cycle were projected, leading to stronger seasonal variations and a more unpredictable water availability. By sensitivity analysis of the WAI, it was demonstrated how two adaptive measures, increased storage capacity and leakage reduction, can help counteract the impacts of climate change.
AβPP-induced UPR Transcriptomic Signature of Glial Cells to Oxidative Stress as an Adaptive Mechanism to Preserve Cell Function and Survival
Authors: Chalour Naima , Maoui Agathe , Rat Patrice , Massicot France , Dutot Melody , Faussat Anne-Marie , Devevre Estelle , Limb Astrid , Warnet Jean-Michel , Treton Jacques , Dinet Virginie , Mascarelli Frederic 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) present
similarities, particularly with respect to oxidative stress, including production of 4-Hydroxy-2-
nonenal (HNE). AMD has been named the AD in the eye. The Müller cells (MC) function as a principal
glia of the retina and maintain water/potassium, glutamate homeostasis and redox status. Any MC dysfunction
results in retinal neurodegeneration.

Objectives:
We investigated the effects of HNE in human MC.

Results:
HNE induced an increase of the reactive oxygen species associated with mitochondrial dysfunction
and apoptosis. HNE induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (upregulation of GRP78/Bip,
and the proapoptotic factor, CHOP). HNE also impaired expression of genes controlling potassium homeostasis
(KCNJ10), glutamate detoxification (GS), and the visual cycle (RLBP1). MC adaptive response
to HNE included upregulation of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP). To determine the role of
AβPP, we overexpressed AβPP in MC. Overexpression of AβPP induced strong antioxidant and anti-ER
stress (PERK downregulation and GADD34 upregulation) responses accompanied by activation of the
prosurvival branch of the unfolded protein response. It was also associated with upregulation of major
genes involved in MC-controlled retinal homeostasis (KCNJ10, GS, and RLBP1) and protection against
HNE-induced apoptosis. Therefore, AβPP is an ER and oxidative stress responsive molecule, and is able
to stimulate the transcription of major genes involved in MC functions impaired by HNE.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that targeting oxidative and ER stress might be a potential therapeutic
strategy against glia impairment in AMD and AD, in light of the common features between the two pathologies.
Biodegradation and Metabolism of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the Bioaugmented Activated Sludge Batch Bioreactor System by Heterotrophic and Nitrifying Bacteria
Authors: Islam Mohammad Showkatul , Zhou Hongde , Zytner Richard G. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT: Tetrabromobisphenol A [2,4′‐isopropylidenebis(2,6‐dibromophenol)] has been identified in wastewater samples collected from the Guelph municipal wastewater treatment plant (GWWTP). In order to assess the kinetics and metabolic mechanisms of the dissolved TBBPA, bench scale experiments were completed with batch bioreactors. The biodegradation test was conducted by taking aerobic sludge from the conventional activated sludge reactor (CAS) and membrane bioreactor (MBR), and bioaugmenting both reactors with soil based strains of Bacillus brevis and Bacillus pumilus. This novel biodegradation process showed that the CAS bioreactor had a biodegradation rate of 0.127 d−1, while the sludge from the MBR had a biodegradation rate of 0.171 d−1. This is the first reported aerobic biodegradation of TBBPA by heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria in an activated sludge bioreactor system. A tentative biotransformation metabolic scheme for TBBPA biodegradation and metabolite formation has been proposed as well.
JOVENS CAMPONESES EM MOVIMENTO: CONTRADIÇÕES DO PROCESSO DE REPRODUÇÃO SOCIOTERRITORIAL DO CAMPESINATO NOS ASSENTAMENTOS DE REFORMA AGRÁRIA.
Authors: De Oliveira Luciano Benini 
Published: January 2018

As motivações que nos animam a entender os processos pelos quais os jovens estão organizados no campo e as várias formas de disputar e resistir contra os avanços do agronegócio nos impulsionam também, a entender as razões pelas quais muitos destes jovens tendem a sair do campo. A realidade em que estes jovens estão inseridos coloca para eles grandes desafios, onde, diversos elementos presentes nas comunidades influenciam na permanência ou não destes jovens no campo. Buscamos traçar alguns caminhos como a organização sociterritorial e a produção social e cultural que diretamente influenciam na construção da identidade dos jovens. Entendemos ainda que a juventude seja responsável pela continuação das lutas e permanência dos camponeses nos territórios conquistados pelos trabalhadores, na perspectiva de construção e consolidação do modo de vida camponês.
AS EXPERIÊNCIAS RELIGIOSAS DA PASTORAL DA JUVENTUDE NA FORMAÇÃO E MOBILIZAÇÃO POLÍTICA DA JUVENTUDE CATÓLICA
Authors: Martilis Luiz Fernando Sousa 
Published: January 2018

O presente ensaio é parte de um estudo maior, realizado como Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, no qual, a partir de observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com formato de depoimento oral, buscou-se discutir as possíveis contribuições da Religião Católica na construção e mobilização de identidades juvenis e militância política dos jovens da Pastoral da Juventude. Para isso, teve-se como hipótese a atuação da Religião Católica na formação e mobilização dos jovens católicos para a participação política a partir de encontros de grupos de jovens, produções bibliográficas, eventos e atividades que incentivam os jovens católicos a buscarem espaços sociopolíticos de inserção.
How Often is Sinus Surgery Performed for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with versus without Nasal Polyps?
Authors: Ference Elisabeth H. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Tan Bruce K. , Smith Stephanie Shintani 
Published: January 2018

Background There currently are no data on the relative frequency of endoscopic sinus surgeries (ESS) performed for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) versus chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) in the United States. Objectives To compare the rate of surgical interventions for CRSwNP and CRSsNP. Methods Cases identified by CPT codes were extracted from the 2009–2011 State Ambulatory Surgery Databases for California, Florida, Maryland, and New York. Patient demographics, extent of surgery, mean charges, and operating room (OR) time were compared. Results A total of 97,228 ESS cases were performed in the four states; 29.3% of surgeries were for patients with CRSwNP, 66.0% of patients with CRSsNP, and 4.8% for other indications. The proportion of ESS for CRSwNP varied across states, with California having the highest percentage (34.6%) and Maryland having the lowest (26.4%) (p < 0.0001). Patients with Medicaid (33.8%) and Medicare (32.2%) had higher rates of surgery for CRSwNP compared with patients with private insurance (29.9%) (p < 0.001). Surgeons who performed a higher volume of sinus surgery compared to lower volume surgeons performed a lower percentage of surgery for CRSwNP (24.4 versus 33.5%; p < 0.001). ESS cases for CRSwNP were more extensive (relative risk of four sinus surgeries of 1.88; p < 0.0001), used image guidance more frequently (relative risk, 1.39; p < 0.0001), and were less likely to include a balloon procedure (relative risk, 0.69; p < 0.0001). Patients with CRSwNP had longer OR times (ESS that involved all four sinuses took 14 minutes longer) (p < 0.0001), but no difference in charges compared with patients with CRSsNP who underwent a similar extent of surgery. Conclusion Almost 30% of ESS were performed for CRSwNP, and these cases were, on average, more extensive, used more OR time, and more often used image guidance than surgeries for CRSsNP. The rate of surgery performed for CRSwNP varied based on geography, payer, and surgical volume, which indicted that patient selection impacted surgical management.
Extent of Surgery in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Skull Base Approaches and the Effects on Sinonasal Morbidity
Authors: Wu Vincent , Cusimano Michael D. , Lee John M. 
Published: January 2018

Background Endoscopic transsphenoidal skull base surgery (ETSS) is now considered the criterion standard approach for resection of pituitary adenomas and other midline anterior skull base lesions. Normal sinonasal structures are resected during ETSS, which raises concerns for nasal morbidity and patient-based outcome. Objective To perform a surgical outcome assessment by examining whether the extent of ETSS approaches affected patient-specific sinonasal quality of life as measured by the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Methods A single-center prospective cohort study of patients operated on by the same skull base team between 2012 and 2016. Patients with completed pre- and postoperative SNOT-22 were included. The primary outcome was SNOT-22 scores at preoperative, 0–1 month, 2–4 months, >5 months follow-up. Age, sex, tumor pathology, surgical procedure, and intraoperative cerebral spinal fluid leak repair were also obtained. Results Of the 249 ETSS performed, 148 patients (59%) had at least one completed SNOT-22; 45 (18%) met the inclusion criteria. Sinonasal quality of life based on SNOT-22 at the 0–1-month follow-up was significantly worse than the presurgical levels (p < 0.05). However, there was a return of SNOT-22 scores to preoperative levels at 2–4 months (p > 0.05), which was sustained at >5 months (p > 0.05). Factors such as the extent of ETSS, a previous nasal surgery, repair of an intraoperative cerebral spinal fluid leak, and the tumor pathology did not affect SNOT-22 scores at any follow-up intervals (p > 0.05). Conclusion Sinonasal quality of life worsened after ETSS at 0–1 month follow-up but returned to preoperative levels at 2–4 months and remained at postoperative levels >5 months. Analysis of these data will allow us to educate our patients that the anticipated nasal morbidity after ETSS is usually only transient and should be expected to recover to preoperative levels.
THE NATIVE HAS ARRIVED: LIFE ORIENTATION LESSONS THROUGH AKAN IDIOMS TO SECURE THE FUTURE AND MAINTAIN IDENTITY
Authors: Quan-Baffour Kofi 
Published: January 2018

Â In struggling to make ends meet and to put food on the table most parents of today hardly spend time with their children, as in most cases they either live far away from home or leave at dawn and return at dusk. This socio-economic reality of contemporary life makes life orientation, in general, and guidance and counselling in particular, a crucial aspect of school education for the youth of today, who are the leaders of tomorrow. Most students in schools today face psycho-social problems, which may not only hinder their progress in their studies but can also negatively affect their adjustment to the school environment and the society at large. This justifies an intervention by the school through individual and group life orientation sessions. For a long time, guidance and counselling or life orientation in general have been an important subject in the school curriculum of Ghanaian schools, but this subject has always been based on Western assumptions, values and methods of child upbringing which might not necessarily be suitable for the African context. This article contends that there is no better time than this era of African renaissance for â€˜the native to arriveâ€™ in the education arena to provide guidance and counselling lessons to the African child through indigenous idioms to secure their future and maintain African identity. Akan indigenous knowledge in the form of idioms can play an important and effective role in guiding and counselling students for better adjustment to the school environment, in order to improve learner performance and enable them to make better career choices to reduce unemployment. Idioms are powerful social, cultural and moral expressions used in everyday speech in every home and community to guide and educate people. As a cultural artefact, idioms relate to life situations and can therefore, be an effective method for teaching life orientation to students since they may easily understand them. Using some existing guidance and counselling theory as its framework, this paper discusses selected Akan idioms that can be effective in life orientation lessons in the African classroom to address some of the major socio-cultural and psychological challenges facing many students in Ghanaian schools today.
VERBAL ART FORMS AS POETIC LICENCE FOR WOMEN: THE CASE OF ILIMA â€“ WOMENâ€™S WORK SONGS
Authors: Zondi N B 
Published: January 2018

Cultural songs are one of the highly formulaic verbal art forms through which African women mediate contradictions by commenting on their personal fortunes and tribulations in their married lives. In this medium they may express sentiments that go against the principles of modesty where utterances expressed in everyday social interaction are condemned but where the same ideas expressed in songs are viewed as extraordinary leading to sympathizing with the opinions conveyed. By means of oral melodic forms, therefore, women express true feelings that would otherwise in terms of hlonipha custom be perceived as violating their moral code had they been expressed in an everyday ordinary language. The basis for this article is my PhD study that was carried out between 2004 and 2007 and which interrogated the nature of womenâ€™s songs (Zondi, 2008)Â This discussion only focuses on songs gathered at one of the five womenâ€™s social event referred to as ilima- a collective word referring to a group of women who come together with an aim of assisting a fellow woman complete an otherwise time consuming and laborious home based activity. The shared labour manifests ubuntu which is one of the philosophies of life among Africans.Â
EMERGING TRENDS FROM INDIGENOUS MUSIC AND DANCE PRACTICES: A GLIMPSE INTO CONTEMPORARY MALENDE AND TSHIGOMBELA
Authors: Mugovhani N G 
Published: January 2018

Past research into the history, state, function and performance contexts of indigenous African musical practices yielded a number of disturbing observations: there was no hope that the practitioners of this genre would ever begin deriving a living out of their art; there was the fear that some indigenous musical practices were nearing extinction because the few indigenous music practitioners still alive were on the brink of death, and there was therefore a need to capture the heritage before it was irretrievably lost. Lately the world of indigenous African music has undergone an evolution. South Africaâ€™s rapidly changing postcolonial terrain has recently witnessed an upsurge of new stylistic trajectoriesÂ inÂ indigenousÂ musicalÂ practicesÂ â€“Â nowadaysÂ itÂ isÂ arrangedÂ and performed by modern musical ensembles. Popular music which incorporates traditional genres has begun functioning within the socio-cultural and religious lives of Africans today, and it is no longer regarded as â€˜foreignâ€™ or alien to concert halls. It is now also frequently encountered in music stores, both in rural and urban areas. the current article traces this new, exciting and rewarding trajectory.
On historical injustice and the art of forgetting
Authors: Vosloo Robert 
Published: January 2018

This article asks whether it is responsible to introduce and/or cultivate the language of forgetting against the backdrop of South Africa’s colonial and apartheid past. In writings originating from contexts permeated by memories of historical injustice, the call, and more specifically the duty, to remember and the implied need to fight against forgetting are rightfully emphasised. But how are we to evaluate what some scholars see as a discursive shift from “memory” to “forgetting” in memory studies? With this question in mind, this article first considers some possible arguments for giving greater prominence to the notion of forgetting in our memory discourse. This is followed by a section that reiterates the “critique of forgetting,” drawing also on some examples from 20th century South African political and church history. In the final section, the article considers, in conversation with Paul Ricoeur, whether we should view the relationship between an art of memory and an art of forgetting as symmetrical or asymmetrical.
The Liability of Historical Mine Authorisation Holders for Rehabilitation of 'Old Order Mine Dumps'
Authors: Hartzer Suzette , Du Plessis Willemien 
Published: January 2018

Mine dumps or tailings (i.e. 'mine waste') created by mining activities are some of the main environmental impacts of mining. Historically little or no regard was given to the environment while planning mine dumps, since planning was based on minimum cost, the availability of land and the safety of underground workings.
Mine dumps continue to cause water and air pollution when abandoned without being rehabilitated. Abandoned mines and their dumps are common features of the South African landscape. Section 46 of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) provides that the state is responsible to rehabilitate abandoned mines if the owner is deceased, cannot be traced, ceased to exist or has been liquidated. Rehabilitation of these mines has extensive financial consequences for the state and indirectly to the taxpayer.
The aim of this article is to determine the responsibility of historical mining right holders for such rehabilitation. 'Historic polluters' refer to mining companies who caused pollution and environmental degradation due to mining activities before the Minerals Act came into force in 1991. Also to be addressed in this article is the question whether owners of tailings created through an authorisation issued in terms of the now repealed Minerals Act or prior legislation (old order dumps) would be able to escape their rehabilitation obligations or not. Reference will be made to the new proposed amendments to the MPRDA as well in addressing the question.
Narrative Medicine, Healing and Salutogenesis: Contrasting meta-narratives
Authors: Kreisberg Joel , Huffaker Gary 
Published: January 2018

While narrative medicine “fortifies clinical practice with the narrative competence to recognize, absorb, metabolize, interpret, and be moved by stories of illness”, (www.narrativemedicine.org), the role of healing in clinical narratives has yet to be considered. Salutogenesis, defined by the late Anton Antonovsky, is the ‘creation of health and the fostering of healing’ where healing does not simply address reversal of disease but emphasizes health-promoting experiences and behaviors as distinct and differentiated from the illness perspective. This contrast between illness and healing offers an opportunity to consider a deeper meta-narrative (identity stories that confer legitimacy on what we do) – that can significantly broaden and likely add to the impact of narrative medicine. In this 45-minute workshop, Drs. Kreisberg and Huffaker will guide participants through two narrative exercises – the first, an illness narrative, and second, a healing narrative. By introducing Antonovsky’s perspective on healing, participants will gain an awareness of a deep and widespread meta-narrative comparison that has yet to be articulated in narrative medicine. In contrasting these meta-narratives, it is suggested that work has yet to be done to fully explore the potential for healing narratives in narrative medicine. They can afford the exploration of stories far beyond the bio-medical illness paradigm and introduce the likelihood that including both illness and healing stories offers an enriched potential for narrative elements of whole person care.
Mindful congruence, four noble truths and healing relationships
Authors: Dobkin Patricia Lynn 
Published: January 2018

Amidst the commotion of constant changes in health care systems, budget cuts, burnout and compassion fatigue there are resilient clinicians who relieve suffering and promote healing in those who seek their care. This workshop will focus on how doctors, nurses, and allied health care professionals serve in this way while maintaining equanimity and sense of meaning in their work and personal lives.This 90-minute experiential-based workshop will be divided into three parts.First, Mindful Clinical Practice will be described using narratives from different health care professionals in various settings. Mindful Congruence will be defined, along with Satir’s four other communication stances.Second, how the Four Noble Truths stemming from Buddhist philosophy inform clinical practice will be discussed with an emphasis on the Eightfold Path to end suffering. Third, a model of Healing Relationships (Scott et al, 2008; 2009) will be used to help participants identify underlying processes contributing to the relational outcomes: hope, trust, and being known. An Appreciative Inquiry exercise will be used to enrich participants’ understanding of their own experiences of being healers in clinical encounters.If and how medicine may be a spiritual practice will be examined.At the end of the workshop participants will be able to: 1. Define Mindful Congruence.2. Understand how the Four Noble Truths from Buddhist philosophy inform clinical practice.3. See how meditation practice contributes to clinicians’ mindfulness and emotional regulation.4. Discern the competencies and processes underlying healing.