bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scanning electron microscopy assessment of the Descemet membrane interface during DMEK graft preparation
Authors: Cabrerizo Javier , Forshaw Thomas , Rodriguez-Aierbe Clara , Garrido-Fierro Jesus 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe set out to determine microscopic characteristics of the Descemet membrane interface during Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft preparation. Ten corneas were partially prepared, preserving half of the Descemet membrane attached to the stroma to enable visualisation of the Descemet-stroma interface. This tissue was prepared for viewing with a scanning electron microscope. The Descemet-stroma interface was categorised into three regions: centre, mid-periphery and periphery. We classified adhesions in these regions as either minor thread-like adhesions or major bridge-like adhesions with stromal detachments. We found a region-specific differentiation of the Descemet-stroma morphology. The presence of minor (P = 0,0001) and major (P = 0,0001) adhesions at the explored regions of the Descemet-stroma interface were found to be statistically significant. Fibrotic linear adhesions were predominant in the centre and mid-periphery, whereas the larger bridge-like adhesions were found mainly in the periphery. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between the size of the adhesions and the presence of ruptures in the underlying stromal bed. Viewing of the Descemet-stroma interface with electron microscopy reveals morphological differences between the centre of a graft and its periphery. These findings are of potential clinical relevance in terms of developing a better understanding of tissue behaviour during graft preparation.
Impacts of feeding preweaned calves milk containing drug residues on the functional profile of the fecal microbiota
Authors: Pereira Richard Van Vleck , Carroll Laura M. , Lima Svetlana , Foditsch Carla , Siler Julie D. , Bicalho Rodrigo Carvalho , Warnick Lorin D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFeeding drug residue-containing milk to calves is common worldwide and no information is currently available on the impact on the functional profile of the fecal microbiota. Our objective was to characterize the functional profile of the fecal microbiota of preweaned dairy calves fed raw milk with residual concentrations of antimicrobials commonly found in waste milk from birth to weaning. Calves were assigned to a controlled feeding trial being fed milk with no drug residues or milk with antibiotic residues. Fecal samples collected from each calf once a week starting at birth, prior to the first feeding in the trial, until 6 weeks of age. Antibiotic residues resulted in a significant difference in relative abundance of microbial cell functions, especially with genes linked with stress response, regulation and cell signaling, and nitrogen metabolism. These changes could directly impacts selection and dissemination of virulence and antimicrobial. Our data also identified a strong association between age in weeks and abundance of Resistance to Antibiotics and Toxic Compounds. Findings from this study support the hypothesis that drug residues, even at very low concentrations, impact the gut microbiota of calves and result in changes in the functional profile of microbial populations.
Comparison of Bladder Carcinogens in the Urine of E-cigarette Users Versus Non E-cigarette Using Controls
Authors: Fuller Thomas W. , Acharya Abhinav P. , Meyyappan Thiagarajan , Yu Michelle , Bhaskar Godugu , Little Steven R. , Tarin Tatum V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectronic cigarette (EC) use is gaining popularity as a substitute for conventional smoking due to the perception and evidence it represents a safer alternative. In contrast to the common perception amongst users that ECs represent no risk initial studies have revealed a complex composition of e-cigarette liquids. Conventional cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for developing bladder cancer and prior reports raise concern some of those causative compounds may exist in EC liquids or vapor. Urine samples were collected from 13 e-cigarette using subjects and 10 non e-cigarette using controls. Five known bladder carcinogens that are either present in conventional cigarettes, products of combustion, or solvents believed to be used in some e-cigarette formulations were quantified by liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Analysis of e-cigarette user urine revealed the presence of two carcinogenic compounds, o-toluidine and 2-naphthylamine, at a mean 2.3 and 1.3 fold higher concentration (p-value of 0.0013 and 0.014 respectively). Many of these subjects (9/13) were long term nonsmokers (>12 months). Further study is needed to clarify the safety profile of e-cigarettes and their contribution to the development of bladder cancer given the greater concentration of carcinogenic aromatic amines in the urine of e-cigarette users.
A triangle study of human, instrument and bioelectronic nose for non-destructive sensing of seafood freshness
Authors: Lee Kyung Mi , Son Manki , Kang Ju Hee , Kim Daesan , Hong Seunghun , Park Tai Hyun , Chun Hyang Sook , Choi Shin Sik 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBecause the freshness of seafood determines its consumer preference and food safety, the rapid monitoring of seafood deterioration is considered essential. However, the conventional analysis of seafood deterioration using chromatography instruments and bacterial colony counting depends on time-consuming and food-destructive treatments. In this study, we demonstrate a non-destructive and rapid food freshness monitoring system by a triangular study of sensory evaluation, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and a bioelectronic nose. The sensory evaluation indicated that the acceptability and flavor deteriorated gradually during post-harvest storage (4 °C) for 6 days. The GC-MS analysis recognized the reduction of freshness by detecting a generation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) from the headspace of oyster in a refrigerator (4 °C) at 4 days post-harvest. However, the bioelectronic nose incorporating human olfactory receptor peptides with the carbon nanotube field-effect transistor sensed trimethylamine (TMA) from the oyster at 2 days post-harvest with suggesting early recognition of oysters’ quality and freshness deterioration. Given that the bacterial species producing DMS or TMA along with toxins were found in the oyster, the bacterial contamination-driven food deterioration is rapidly monitored using the bioelectronic nose with a targeted non-destructive freshness marker.
Disposition of a Glucose Load into Hepatic Glycogen by Direct and Indirect Pathways in Juvenile Seabass and Seabream
Authors: Rito João , Viegas Ivan , Pardal Miguel A. , Metón Isidoro , Baanante Isabel V. , Jones John G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn carnivorous fish, conversion of a glucose load to hepatic glycogen is widely used to assess their metabolic flexibility towards carbohydrate utilization, but the activities of direct and indirect pathways in this setting are unclear. We assessed the conversion of an intraperitoneal glucose load (2 g.kg−1) enriched with [U-13C6]glucose to hepatic glycogen in juvenile seabass and seabream. 13C-NMR analysis of glycogen was used to determine the contribution of the load to glycogen synthesis via direct and indirect pathways at 48-hr post-injection. For seabass, [U-13C6]glucose was accompanied by deuterated water and 2H-NMR analysis of glycogen 2H-enrichment, allowing endogenous substrate contributions to be assessed as well. For fasted seabass and seabream, 47 ± 5% and 64 ± 10% of glycogen was synthesized from the load, respectively. Direct and indirect pathways contributed equally (25 ± 3% direct, 21 ± 1% indirect for seabass; 35 ± 7% direct, 29 ± 4% indirect for seabream). In fasted seabass, integration of 2H- and 13C-NMR analysis indicated that endogenous glycerol and anaplerotic substrates contributed an additional 7 ± 2% and 7 ± 1%, respectively. In fed seabass, glucose load contributions were residual and endogenous contributions were negligible. Concluding, direct and indirect pathways contributed equally and substantially to fasting hepatic glycogen repletion from a glucose load in juvenile seabream and seabass.
X-ray diffraction tomography with limited projection information
Authors: Zhu Zheyuan , Katsevich Alexander , Kapadia Anuj J. , Greenberg Joel A. , Pang Shuo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractX-ray diffraction tomography (XDT) records the spatially-resolved X-ray diffraction profile of an extended object. Compared to conventional transmission-based tomography, XDT displays high intrinsic contrast among materials of similar electron density and improves the accuracy in material identification thanks to the molecular structural information carried by diffracted photons. However, due to the weak diffraction signal, a tomographic scan covering the entire object typically requires a synchrotron facility to make the acquisition time more manageable. Imaging applications in medical and industrial settings usually do not require the examination of the entire object. Therefore, a diffraction tomography modality covering only the region of interest (ROI) and subsequent image reconstruction techniques with truncated projections are highly desirable. Here we propose a table-top diffraction tomography system that can resolve the spatially-variant diffraction form factor from internal regions within extended samples. We demonstrate that the interior reconstruction maintains the material contrast while reducing the imaging time by 6 folds. The presented method could accelerate the acquisition of XDT and be applied in portable imaging applications with a reduced radiation dose.
Graphene analogue in (111)-oriented BaBiO3 bilayer heterostructures for topological electronics
Authors: Kim Rokyeon , Yu Jaejun , Jin Hosub 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTopological electronics is a new field that uses topological charges as current-carrying degrees of freedom. For topological electronics applications, systems should host topologically distinct phases to control the topological domain boundary through which the topological charges can flow. Due to their multiple Dirac cones and the π-Berry phase of each Dirac cone, graphene-like electronic structures constitute an ideal platform for topological electronics; graphene can provide various topological phases when incorporated with large spin-orbit coupling and mass-gap tunability via symmetry-breaking. Here, we propose that a (111)-oriented BaBiO3 bilayer (BBL) sandwiched between large-gap perovskite oxides is a promising candidate for topological electronics by realizing a gap-tunable, and consequently a topology-tunable, graphene analogue. Depending on how neighboring perovskite spacers are chosen, the inversion symmetry of the BBL heterostructure can be either conserved or broken, leading to the quantum spin Hall (QSH) and quantum valley Hall (QVH) phases, respectively. BBL sandwiched by ferroelectric compounds enables switching of the QSH and QVH phases and generates the topological domain boundary. Given the abundant order parameters of the sandwiching oxides, the BBL can serve as versatile topological building blocks in oxide heterostructures.
Delivering digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia at scale: does using a wearable device to estimate sleep influence therapy?
Authors: Luik Annemarie I. , Farias Machado Pedro , Espie Colin A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractContemporary developments, such as digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and wearable devices estimating sleep, could support the implementation of CBT for insomnia at a large scale. We assessed what characterizes those users who connected a wearable device to the program to estimate sleep diary variables, and whether connecting a wearable device affected insomnia symptom improvement, related well-being, and program interaction. In total, 3551 users (63% female, mean age 44.50 ± 14.78 years) of a dCBT program who completed a post-therapy survey, including 378 users (10.6%) who used a device, were selected. Within-subject, pre-therapy to post-therapy, the Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI, 7 Items) was used to assess insomnia. Two-item measures (depression, anxiety) and single item measures (perceived stress, life satisfaction, work productivity) of well-being were analyzed, in addition to program interaction. For all participants, insomnia symptoms significantly improved following dCBT (t(3504) = 83.33, p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.45), as did depression and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, life satisfaction and work productivity. Those who did not connect a device reported better sleep and less affected work productivity (all p < .001) than those who did connect a device at baseline and post-treatment; nevertheless treatment effects were largely similar for the two groups. Those who connected a device interacted more with additional program components. In conclusion, improvements in insomnia after completing dCBT are similar in persons choosing to wear a wearable device to estimate sleep and persons completing a subjective sleep diary. Potentially, use of wearable devices can facilitate treatment for those who struggle to complete daily diaries.
Circularly polarised loop‐type ground radiation antenna for mobile devices using a resonance inductor and capacitor
Authors: Zahid Z. , Qu L. , Kim H.H. , Kim H. 
Published: January 2018

In this Letter, a circularly polarised loop‐type ground radiation antenna has been proposed for internet of things (IoT) applications that use a combination of an inductor and a capacitor in the resonance loop. The antenna has been designed within a 7 mm × 7 mm clearance near the left corner of a 60 mm × 30 mm ground plane. The resonance capacitor is placed at the corner of the radiating loop of the antenna to excite two orthogonal modes on the ground plane. The authors propose that the polarisation of the antenna can be controlled by varying the inductances of the sections of the radiating loop of the antenna. Employing this approach, an inductor is used at the left section of the radiating loop to control the phase difference of the orthogonal modes. Implementing the proposed design, the measured axial ratio bandwidth with reference to 3 dB was 300 MHz, and the matching bandwidth with reference to −6 dB was 110 MHz.
Robust super‐regenerative receiver with low susceptibility on clock jitter employing synchronous peak‐held envelope detector
Authors: Kim S.J. 
Published: January 2018

A robust 400 MHz super‐regenerative receiver with low susceptibility to clock jitter is proposed. The conventional un‐clocked envelope detector (ED) is replaced with a synchronous peak‐held ED, where its peak detection value is kept during oscillator quenching OFF time by switching off the charging path of ED, synchronously with quenching clock. In this way, the flattened peak level not only allows the use of low quality jitter in the clock but also removes a tedious timing calibration process in the conventional receiver. The proposed receiver with the novel synchronous peak‐held ED and an on‐chip oscillator achieves a sensitivity performance of −81 dBm@1 Mbps without the conventional ADC sampling timing calibration. The receiver in 180 nm CMOS occupies an active area of 0.51 mm2 and dissipates 570 µW.
Theoretical investigation on the mass loss impact on asteroseismic grid-based estimates of mass, radius, and age for RGB stars
Authors: Valle G. , Dell’Omodarme M. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl’Innocenti S. 
Published: January 2018

Aims.We aim to perform a theoretical evaluation of the impact of the mass loss indetermination on asteroseismic grid based estimates of masses, radii, and ages of stars in the red giant branch (RGB) phase.Methods.We adopted the SCEPtER pipeline on a grid spanning the mass range [0.8; 1.8]M⊙. As observational constraints, we adopted the star effective temperatures, the metallicity [Fe/H], the average large frequency spacing Δν,and the frequency of maximum oscillation powerνmax. The mass loss was modelled following a Reimers parametrization with the two different efficienciesη= 0.4 andη= 0.8.Results.In the RGB phase, the average random relative error (owing only to observational uncertainty) on mass and age estimates is about 8% and 30% respectively. The bias in mass and age estimates caused by the adoption of a wrong mass loss parameter in the recovery is minor for the vast majority of the RGB evolution. The biases get larger only after the RGB bump. In the last 2.5% of the RGB lifetime the error on the mass determination reaches 6.5% becoming larger than the random error component in this evolutionary phase. The error on the age estimate amounts to 9%, that is, equal to the random error uncertainty. These results are independent of the stellar metallicity [Fe/H] in the explored range.Conclusions.Asteroseismic-based estimates of stellar mass, radius, and age in the RGB phase can be considered mass loss independent within the range (η∈ [0.0,0.8]) as long as the target is in an evolutionary phase preceding the RGB bump.
Studying the highly bent spectra of FR II-type radio galaxies with the KDA EXT model
Authors: Kuligowska Elżbieta 
Published: January 2018

Context. The Kaiser, Dennett-Thorpe & Alexander (KDA, 1997, MNRAS, 292, 723) EXT model, that is, the extension of the KDA model of Fanaroff & Riley (FR) II-type source evolution, is applied and confronted with the observational data for selected FR II-type radio sources with significantly aged radio spectra.
Aim. A sample of FR II-type radio galaxies with radio spectra strongly bent at their highest frequencies is used for testing the usefulness of the KDA EXT model.
Methods. The dynamical evolution of FR II-type sources predicted with the KDA EXT model is briefly presented and discussed. The results are then compared to the ones obtained with the classical KDA approach, assuming the source’s continuous injection and self-similarity.
Results. The results and corresponding diagrams obtained for the eight sample sources indicate that the KDA EXT model predicts the observed radio spectra significantly better than the best spectral fit provided by the original KDA model.
Dispersion relations for hadronic light-by-light scattering and the muon g – 2
Authors: Procura Massimiliano , Colangelo Gilberto , Hoferichter Martin , Stoffer Peter 
Published: January 2018

The largest uncertainties in the Standard Model calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (g – 2)μ come from hadronic effects, and in a few years the subleading hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) contribution might dominate the theory error. We present a dispersive description of the HLbL tensor, which is based on unitarity, analyticity, crossing symmetry, and gauge invariance. This opens up the possibility of a data-driven determination of the HLbL contribution to (g – 2)μ with the aim of reducing model dependence and achieving a reliable error estimate.
Our dispersive approach defines unambiguously the pion-pole and the pion-box contribution to the HLbL tensor. Using Mandelstam double-spectral representation, we have proven that the pion-box contribution coincides exactly with the one-loop scalar-QED amplitude, multiplied by the appropriate pion vector form factors. Using dispersive fits to high-statistics data for the pion vector form factor, we obtain [see formula in PDF]. A first model-independent calculation of effects of ππ intermediate states that go beyond the scalar-QED pion loop is also presented. We combine our dispersive description of the HLbL tensor with a partial-wave expansion and demonstrate that the known scalar-QED result is recovered after partial-wave resummation. After constructing suitable input for the γ*γ* → ππ helicity partial waves based on a pion-pole left-hand cut (LHC), we find that for the dominant charged-pion contribution this representation is consistent with the two-loop chiral prediction and the COMPASS measurement for the pion polarizability. This allows us to reliably estimate S-wave rescattering effects to the full pion box and leads to [see formula in PDF].
Antithrombotic Treatment after Transcatheter Heart Valves Implant
Authors: Sorrentino Sabato , Giustino Gennaro , Moalem Kamilia , Indolfi Ciro , Mehran Roxana , Dangas George 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTranscatheter heart valve replacement technology was introduced as alternative to surgery for the growing high-risk profile population. Developed first, aortic valve replacement (TAVR) became a standard of care for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high operative risk, with a potential future use also for low-risk subjects. In the last decade, a multitude of transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) devices have been developed for the treatment of severe mitral regurgitation, with encouraging results coming from first-in-man and feasibility studies. As for biological surgical-type valves, transcatheter implanted valves still preserve the risk of thrombosis and embolic events and anticoagulation- or antiplatelet-based strategies are the most widely used options. Unfortunately, these last remain recommended on the basis of empirical or not widely validated evidence. Therefore, given the exponential rise of TAVR and TMVR procedures, it is important to identify the optimal antithrombotic strategies that best fit the risk of thromboembolic and bleeding events. Hereafter, this review evaluates the current guidelines, trials, and observational data discussing antithrombotic strategy after transcatheter aortic or mitral valve replacement.
Image Processing and Analysis of Mucosal Calretinin Staining to Define the Transition Zone in Hirschsprung Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Najjar Saleh , Ahn Sangtae , Kasago Israel , Zuo Chunlai , Umrau Kavita , Ainechi Sanaz , Whyte Christine , Sheehan Christine , Homan Suzanne , Lee Hwajeong 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Quantification of calretinin-stained mucosal nerve fibers by image processing and analysis (IPA) may objectively define the transition zone (TZ) of Hirschsprung disease (HD). We tested the utility of IPA as an adjunctive tool in HD.
Materials and Methods Calretinin immunostain was performed on 15 HD pull-through specimens, and multiple images were captured from the proximal aganglionic zone, TZ, and probable normal zone (NZ). Pixel count (PC), defined as the percentage of brown-stained pixels in the mucosa, was quantified and plotted against distance from the rectal distal end. To validate the method, PCs from 45 images were compared with three-tiered visual scoring by five pathologists. Results were correlated against pertinent variables, which were retrieved from the clinical record.
Results The PC gradually increased in the TZ toward the proximal resection margin in 10/13 (77%) cases. The PC variation in the probable NZ and around the circumference was substantial by the coefficient of variation. The mean PC of images with a visual score of 1 was less than scores of 2 and 3 by all five (100%) pathologists (p < 0.01). One patient had possible TZ pull-through that was clinically confirmed.
Conclusion While the mucosal calretinin staining gradually increases in the TZ, for now, the boundaries of the TZ cannot be accurately defined by mucosal biopsies given the substantial variation of staining around the circumference at the same distance and in the NZ. However, the IPA technique does provide a continuous variable and warrants further utility in HD studies.
Wieder auf die Beine kommen
Authors: Kluger Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Umsetzung des Expertenstandards Für Patienten auf der Intensivstation hängt der Verlauf ihrer Genesung auch davon ab, wie schnell sie
wieder in Bewegung kommen. Sobald es möglich ist, sollte mit der Frühmobilisierung begonnen werden. Das fordert auch der Expertenstandard,
der in Teilen auf der Station des Autors auch schon durchgeführt wird.