bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afoxolaner and fluralaner treatment do not impact on cutaneous Demodex populations of healthy dogs
Authors: Zewe Christine M. , Altet Laura , Lam Andrea T. H. , Ferrer Lluís 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundFluralaner and afoxolaner are isoxazolines licensed for the treatment of flea and tick infestations. Isoxazolines have also shown efficacy for treatment of demodicosis. Nothing is known about the impact of these compounds on the populations of Demodex in healthy dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of Demodex in the skin of healthy dogs prior to and following the use of either afoxolaner or fluralaner, using real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) for Demodex DNA. Our hypothesis was that the use of an isoxazoline at the labelled dose would eliminate Demodex populations from the skin of healthy dogs.Animals and methodsTwenty healthy dogs with no history of skin disease were recruited. Dogs were divided into two groups of ten, with each group receiving afoxolaner or fluralaner for the 90 day study period. Hairs were plucked from three body sites on Day 0 prior to medication administration, then again on days 30 and 90. RT‐PCR amplifying Demodex DNA was performed on all samples.ResultsAt Day 0 (prior to treatment), five of the 20 dogs were positive for Demodex DNA at least in one skin site (25%). At Day 60, three of 18 dogs were positive (16.7%) and on Day 90, six of 20 dogs were positive (30%). No significant difference in numbers of positive dogs was found between groups or timepoints.ConclusionTreatment with afoxolaner or fluralaner does not impact on cutaneous Demodex populations of normal dogs over a 90 day period.
Prevalence of and risk factors for intraoperative gastroesophageal reflux and postanesthetic vomiting and diarrhea in dogs undergoing general anesthesia
Authors: Torrente Carlos , Vigueras Isabel , Manzanilla Edgar G. , Villaverde Cecilia , Fresno Laura , Carvajal Bibiana , Fiñana Marina , Costa‐Farré Cristina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of intraoperative gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and postanesthetic vomiting and diarrhea, and to evaluate risk factors associated with these gastrointestinal disorders (GID) in dogs undergoing general anesthesia.DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwo hundred thirty‐seven client‐owned dogs undergoing general inhalant anesthesia for diagnostic or surgical purposes.InterventionsNoneMeasurements and Main ResultsPatient, surgical, and anesthetic variables, and postanesthetic treatments administered in the immediate postanesthesia period were evaluated in relation to GID using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05). Seventy‐nine of the 237 (33.4%) dogs developed GID during the perianesthetic period. The prevalences of GER, vomiting, and diarrhea were 17.3%, 5.5%, and 10.5%, respectively. Intraabdominal surgery (P = 0.016; odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–6.62), changes in body position (P = 0.003; OR 3.17, 95% CI: 1.47–6.85), and length of anesthesia (P = 0.052; OR 1.006, 95% CI: 1.000–1.013) were associated with GER. Changes in the ventilation mode during surgery (P = 0.011; OR 6.54, 95% CI: 1.8–23.8), length of anesthesia (P = 0.024; OR 1.001, 95% CI: 1.001–1.020), and rescue synthetic colloid support due to hypotension (P = 0.005; OR 6.9, 95% CI: 1.82–26.3) were positively associated with postanesthetic vomiting. On the contrary, dogs that received acepromazine as premedication were significantly less likely (P < 0.019; OR 12.3, 95% CI: 1.52–100) to vomit. Finally, length of anesthesia, changes in body position, changes in ventilation mode, or hypoxemia during the procedure tended to increase the risk (univariate model) of diarrhea during the recovery phase.ConclusionsGID are common in dogs undergoing general anesthesia. Duration and characteristics of the procedure, anesthetic management, and changes in certain patient variables are significant risk factors for the presence of GID in the perioperative period.
Use of a vascular closure device during percutaneous arterial access in a dog with impaired hemostasis
Authors: Scansen Brian A. , Hokanson Caitlin M. , Friedenberg Steven G. , Khabiri Hooman 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo report the use of a vascular closure device (VCD) to provide rapid arterial hemostasis following percutaneous femoral arterial catheterization and diagnostic angiography in a thrombocytopenic and coagulopathic dog.Case SummaryA 6‐year‐old female spayed Kai Ken Tora dog presented after vehicular trauma. The dog was diagnosed with traumatic pneumothorax, degloving wounds of the right antebrachium, subcutaneous hemorrhage within the axillary tissues of the left thoracic limb, and anemia and thrombocytopenia secondary to acute hemorrhage. Treatment included therapeutic thoracocentesis and open wound management of the right thoracic limb as well as packed RBC and fresh frozen plasma transfusions. Diagnostic angiography of the left brachial artery was performed via percutaneous femoral arterial access to investigate the source of a persistent axillary hematoma. The arterial access site was closed using an extraluminal VCD and hemostasis was immediate with normal femoral arterial blood flow documented by Doppler ultrasound.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis report describes use of a VCD for arterial closure following percutaneous access in a dog with impaired hemostasis; to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first clinical report of a VCD used in a veterinary species.
Signal Integration in Quorum Sensing Enables Cross-Species Induction of Virulence in
Pectobacterium wasabiae
Authors: Valente Rita S. , Nadal-Jimenez Pol , Carvalho André F. P. , Vieira Filipe J. D. , Xavier Karina B. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacterial communities can sense their neighbors, regulating group behaviors in response to cell density and environmental changes. The diversity of signaling networks in a single species has been postulated to allow custom responses to different stimuli; however, little is known about how multiple signals are integrated and the implications of this integration in different ecological contexts. In the plant pathogen
Pectobacterium wasabiae
(formerly
Erwinia carotovora
), two signaling networks—the N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing system and the Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway—control the expression of secreted plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, its major virulence determinants. We show that the AHL system controls the Gac/Rsm system by affecting the expression of the regulatory RNA RsmB. This regulation is mediated by ExpR2, the quorum-sensing receptor that responds to the
P. wasabiae
cognate AHL but also to AHLs produced by other bacterial species. As a consequence, this level of regulation allows
P. wasabiae
to bypass the Gac-dependent regulation of RsmB in the presence of exogenous AHLs or AHL-producing bacteria. We provide
in vivo
evidence that this pivotal role of RsmB in signal transduction is important for the ability of
P. wasabiae
to induce virulence in response to other AHL-producing bacteria in multispecies plant lesions. Our results suggest that the signaling architecture in
P. wasabiae
was coopted to prime the bacteria to eavesdrop on other bacteria and quickly join the efforts of other species, which are already exploiting host resources.

IMPORTANCE
Quorum-sensing mechanisms enable bacteria to communicate through small signal molecules and coordinate group behaviors. Often, bacteria have various quorum-sensing receptors and integrate information with other signal transduction pathways, presumably allowing them to respond to different ecological contexts. The plant pathogen
Pectobacterium wasabiae
has two N-acyl homoserine lactone receptors with apparently the same regulatory functions. Our work revealed that the receptor with the broadest signal specificity is also responsible for establishing the link between the main signaling pathways regulating virulence in
P. wasabiae
. This link is essential to provide
P. wasabiae
with the ability to induce virulence earlier in response to higher densities of other bacterial species. We further present
in vivo
evidence that this novel regulatory link enables
P. wasabiae
to join related bacteria in the effort to degrade host tissue in multispecies plant lesions. Our work provides support for the hypothesis that interspecies interactions are among the major factors influencing the network architectures observed in bacterial quorum-sensing pathways.
Kisameet Glacial Clay: an Unexpected Source of Bacterial Diversity
Authors: Svensson Sarah L. , Behroozian Shekooh , Xu Wanjing , Surette Michael G. , Li Loretta , Davies Julian 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Widespread antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens is providing the impetus to explore novel sources of antimicrobial agents. Recently, the potent antibacterial activity of certain clay minerals has stimulated scientific interest in these materials. One such example is Kisameet glacial clay (KC), an antibacterial clay from a deposit on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. However, our understanding of the active principles of these complex natural substances is incomplete. Like soils, clays may possess complex mixtures of bacterial taxa, including the
Actinobacteria
, a clade known to be rich in antibiotic-producing organisms. Here, we present the first characterization of both the microbial and geochemical characteristics of a glacial clay deposit. KC harbors surprising bacterial species richness, with at least three distinct community types. We show that the deposit has clines of inorganic elements that can be leached by pH, which may be drivers of community structure. We also note the prevalence of
Gallionellaceae
in samples recovered near the surface, as well as taxa that include medically or economically important bacteria such as
Actinomycetes
and
Paenibacillus
. These results provide insight into the microbial taxa that may be the source of KC antibacterial activity and suggest that natural clays may be rich sources of microbial and molecular diversity.

IMPORTANCE
Identifying and characterizing the resident microbial populations (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi) is key to understanding the ecology, chemistry, and homeostasis of virtually all sites on Earth. The Kisameet Bay deposit in British Columbia, Canada, holds a novel glacial clay with a history of medicinal use by local indigenous people. We previously showed that it has potent activity against a variety of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, suggesting it could complement our dwindling arsenal of antibiotics. Here, we have characterized the microbiome of this deposit to gain insight into what might make the clay antibacterial. Our analyses suggest that the deposit contains a surprising diversity of bacteria, which live in at least three distinct environments. In addition, the clay harbors bacteria that may have interesting potential as biocontrol/bioremediation agents or producers of novel bioactive compounds.
Neuroprotective Effect of Electroacupuncture and Upregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α during Acute Ischaemic Stroke in Rats
Authors: Li Ce , Zhang Tingting , Yu Kewei , Xie Hongyu , Bai Yulong , Zhang Li , Wu Yi , Wang Nianhong 
Published: May 2017

Background Acupuncture is a traditional method that has been widely used in various fields of medicine with therapeutic effect. However, evidence of effectiveness to support the application of electroacupuncture (EA) during the process of ischaemia is scarce. Objectives To investigate dynamic changes in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression as well as its association with neurological status in rats subjected to acute ischaemic stroke and EA intervention. Methods Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups that received sham surgery (Control group, n=10) or underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion and EA (MCAO+EA group, n=15) or minimal acupuncture as a control treatment (MCAO+MA group, n=15). The rats in the MCAO+EA and MCAO+MA groups received EA or acupuncture without any electrical current, respectively, during 90 min of ischaemia. Rats in the Control group received the same surgical procedure but without MCAO. EA involved electrical stimulation of needles inserted into the quadriceps at 50 Hz frequency and 3 mA current intensity. Neurological status was evaluated on postoperative day 1, and cerebral infarction volume (IV) and HIF-1α expression 24 hours later. Results Neurological scores were improved and cerebral IV was decreased in the MCAO+EA group compared to the MCAO+MA group (both p<0.05). Moreover, HIF-1α expression was higher in the MCAO+EA group versus the MCAO+MA group (p<0.05). Conclusions EA enhanced recovery of neurological function, decreased cerebral IV and increased HIF-1α expression in ischaemic rats. Further research is needed to determine whether EA is effective for stroke treatment through the stimulation of muscle contraction.
Micro-defects and optical properties of YAG:Ce crystals prepared by optical floating zone method
Authors: Deng Wen , Chen Zhenying , Meng Yan , Cao Xiuqing , Xiong Dingkang , Huang Yuyang 
Published: May 2017

The Y3Al5O[Formula: see text] (YAG):Ce ceramic rods and single crystals were prepared by solid state reaction and optical floating zone method, respectively. The XRD results showed that the phases in the YAG:Ce ceramics are mixture of YAG phase and YAlO3 (YAP) phase. There is only a single YAG phase in the single crystals of YAG:Ce. The mean positron lifetime of the YAG:Ce crystal decreases with increasing Ce content, and reaches minimum at 1 at.% Ce, then increases with Ce content. The mean positron lifetime of the YAG:Ce crystal is higher than that of YAG:Ce ceramic with the same chemical composition. The UV–visible absorption spectra of the YAG:Ce crystals indicated that the transmittances of the YAG:Ce crystals are higher than 90% in the wavelength range from 550 nm to 800 nm. The photoluminescence spectra of the YAG:Ce crystals showed wide luminescence emission peaks located in the range of 525–529 nm. A relatively high luminescence intensity is found in the YAG:Ce crystal with 1 at.% Ce. With further increase of Ce content, the luminescence decreases due to the fluorescence quenching effect.
Preparation, characterization and optical properties of Dy-doped yttrium aluminum garnet
Authors: Cao Xiuqing , Li Xiaolan , Chen Xiaowei , Xu Shoulei , Xiong Dingkang , Deng Wen 
Published: May 2017

The Y[Formula: see text]Dy[Formula: see text]Al5O[Formula: see text] (Dy:YAG) ceramic rods were sintered at different temperatures from 1000[Formula: see text]C to 1450[Formula: see text]C by solid-state reaction method and the Dy:YAG single crystals were grown by the optical floating zone method. The XRD found the Y4Al2O9 (YAM) phase after sintering at 1000[Formula: see text]C and disappeared after sintering at 1450[Formula: see text]C. The YAG phase and the YAlO3 (YAP) phase were found in the ceramic sintered at [Formula: see text]1200[Formula: see text]C. As the sintering temperature increases, the amount of the YAG phase increases, while YAP phase decreases. There is only a single YAG phase in the Dy:YAG single crystal. The SEM images showed that the grain size in the Dy:YAG ceramic increases with the sintering temperature. There are several emission bands in the photoluminescence spectrum of the Dy:YAG single crystal located at 483 nm in the blue region, 580 nm in yellow region and 670 nm in red region. Dy:YAG is a good candidate crystal for white light emission.
Physical and optical properties of sodium borate glasses doped with Dy3+ ions
Authors: Alajerami Y. S. M. , Abushab K. M. , Alagha S. I. , Mhareb M. H. A. , Saidu A. , Kodeh F. S. , Ramadan Kh. 
Published: May 2017

The photoluminescence, optical and physical properties of sodium borate (NB) doped with different concentrations of Dy[Formula: see text] were determined and well discussed. The samples were prepared by the melt-quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Photoluminescence and absorption spectra of NB glasses doped with different concentrations of Dy[Formula: see text] are reported. Ten absorption bands with hypersensitive transition at 1272 nm ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) and two emission bands for the transitions at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (blue color) and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (yellow color) with an excitation of 330 nm have been recorded. A series of considerable physical properties (oscillator strengths, refractive index, ions concentration, polaron radius) was calculated for each dopant concentration.
Integrated crustal–geological cross-section of Ellesmere Island
Authors: Stephenson R. , Piepjohn K. , Schiffer C. , Von Gosen W. , Oakey G. N. , Anudu G. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The crustal seismic velocity model (based on receiver functions) of Ellesmere Island and the structural geological cross-section of Ellesmere Island, both documented and discussed elsewhere in this volume, are here integrated into a crustal-scale transect crossing all the main tectonic domains. The velocity model satisfies much of the observed gravity field, but implies minor modifications with potentially important implications for characterizing the lower crust over the transect. The crust of the Pearya Terrane includes a high-velocity and high-density lower crustal body, suggested to represent a mafic underplate linked to the emplacement of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province. A similar body also lies directly beneath the Hazen Plateau, but this is more likely to be inherited from earlier tectonic stages than to be linked to the High Arctic Large Igneous Province. A large-scale basement-involving thrust, possibly linked to a deep detachment of Ellesmerian age, lies immediately south of the Pearya Terrane and forms the northern backdrop to a crustal-scale pop-up structure that accommodates Eurekan-aged shortening in northern Ellesmere Island. The thickest crust and deepest Moho along the transect are below the Central Ellesmerian fold belt, where the Moho is flexured downwards to the north to a depth of about 48 km beneath the load of the structurally thickened supracrustal strata of the fold belt.
Persistent Immune Stimulation Exacerbates Genetically Driven Myeloproliferative Disorders via Stromal Remodeling
Authors: Tripodo Claudio , Burocchi Alessia , Piccaluga Pier Paolo , Chiodoni Claudia , Portararo Paola , Cappetti Barbara , Botti Laura , Gulino Alessandro , Isidori Alessandro , Liso Arcangelo , Visani Giuseppe , Martelli Maria Paola , Falini Brunangelo , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Colombo Mario P. , Sangaletti Sabina 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Systemic immune stimulation has been associated with increased risk of myeloid malignancies, but the pathogenic link is unknown. We demonstrate in animal models that experimental systemic immune activation alters the bone marrow stromal microenvironment, disarranging extracellular matrix (ECM) microarchitecture, with downregulation of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and collagen-I and induction of complement activation. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in Treg frequency and by an increase in activated effector T cells. Under these conditions, hematopoietic precursors harboring nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) mutation generated myeloid cells unfit for normal hematopoiesis but prone to immunogenic death, leading to neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. NET fostered the progression of the indolent NPM1-driven myeloproliferation toward an exacerbated and proliferative dysplastic phenotype. Enrichment in NET structures was found in the bone marrow of patients with autoimmune disorders and in NPM1-mutated acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. Genes involved in NET formation in the animal model were used to design a NET-related inflammatory gene signature for human myeloid malignancies. This signature identified two AML subsets with different genetic complexity and different enrichment in NPM1 mutation and predicted the response to immunomodulatory drugs. Our results indicate that stromal/ECM changes and priming of bone marrow NETosis by systemic inflammatory conditions can complement genetic and epigenetic events towards the development and progression of myeloid malignancy. Cancer Res; 77(13); 3685–99. ©2017 AACR.
Development and Validation of an Ultradeep Next-Generation Sequencing Assay for Testing of Plasma Cell-Free DNA from Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Janku Filip , Zhang Shile , Waters Jill , Liu Li , Huang Helen J. , Subbiah Vivek , Hong David S. , Karp Daniel D. , Fu Siqing , Cai Xuyu , Ramzanali Nishma M. , Madwani Kiran , Cabrilo Goran , Andrews Debra L. , Zhao Yue , Javle Milind , Kopetz E. Scott , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Kim Hyunsung J. , Gnerre Sante , Satya Ravi Vijaya , Chuang Han-Yu , Kruglyak Kristina M. , Toung Jonathan , Zhao Chen , Shen Richard , Heymach John V. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Mills Gordon B. , Fan Jian-Bing , Salathia Neeraj S. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Tumor-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma can be used for molecular testing and provide an attractive alternative to tumor tissue. Commonly used PCR-based technologies can test for limited number of alterations at the time. Therefore, novel ultrasensitive technologies capable of testing for a broad spectrum of molecular alterations are needed to further personalized cancer therapy.
Experimental Design: We developed a highly sensitive ultradeep next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay using reagents from TruSeqNano library preparation and NexteraRapid Capture target enrichment kits to generate plasma cfDNA sequencing libraries for mutational analysis in 61 cancer-related genes using common bioinformatics tools. The results were retrospectively compared with molecular testing of archival primary or metastatic tumor tissue obtained at different points of clinical care.
Results: In a study of 55 patients with advanced cancer, the ultradeep NGS assay detected 82% (complete detection) to 87% (complete and partial detection) of the aberrations identified in discordantly collected corresponding archival tumor tissue. Patients with a low variant allele frequency (VAF) of mutant cfDNA survived longer than those with a high VAF did (P = 0.018). In patients undergoing systemic therapy, radiological response was positively associated with changes in cfDNA VAF (P = 0.02), and compared with unchanged/increased mutant cfDNA VAF, decreased cfDNA VAF was associated with longer time to treatment failure (TTF; P = 0.03).
Conclusions: Ultradeep NGS assay has good sensitivity compared with conventional clinical mutation testing of archival specimens. A high VAF in mutant cfDNA corresponded with shorter survival. Changes in VAF of mutated cfDNA were associated with TTF. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5648–56. ©2017 AACR.