bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HESS J1427−608: AN UNUSUAL HARD, UNBROKEN γ-RAY SPECTRUM IN A VERY WIDE ENERGY RANGE
Authors: Guo Xiao-Lei , Xin Yu-Liang , Liao Neng-Hui , Yuan Qiang , Gao Wei-Hong , He Hao-Ning , Fan Yi-Zhong , Liu Si-Ming 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of a GeV γ-ray source that spatially overlaps and is thus very likely associated with the unidentified very high energy (VHE) γ-ray source HESS J1427−608 with the Pass 8 data recorded by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The photon spectrum of this source is best described by a power law with an index of 1.85 ± 0.17 in the energy range of 3–500 GeV, and the measured flux connects smoothly with that of HESS J1427−608 at a few hundred gigaelectronvolts. This source shows no significant extension and time variation. The broadband GeV to TeV emission over four decades of energies can be well fitted by a single power-law function with an index of 2.0, without obvious indication of spectral cutoff toward high energies. Such a result implies that HESS J1427−608 may be a PeV particle accelerator. We discuss the possible nature of HESS J1427−608 according to the multiwavelength spectral fittings. Given the relatively large errors, either a leptonic or a hadronic model can explain the multiwavelength data from radio to VHE γ-rays. The inferred magnetic field strength is a few micro-Gauss, which is smaller than the typical values of supernova remnants (SNRs) and is consistent with some pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). On the other hand, the flat γ-ray spectrum is slightly different from typical PWNe but is similar to that of some known SNRs.
Ferme, pavillon ou maison de campagne
Authors: Laferté Gilles 
Published: January 2017

L’habitat dans les campagnes est très divers, à l’image des groupes sociaux qui y résident. On y trouve les fermes et les pavillons des agriculteurs, le bâti populaire des ouvriers ruraux, les petites zones pavillonnaires et les « cœurs de village », les résidences secondaires et les « belles maisons » de campagne jusqu’aux demeures bourgeoises et aux châteaux des anciens notables. Nous nous intéressons ici à l’habitat des agriculteurs céréaliers. Par une approche localisée et relationnelle, les pratiques résidentielles des agriculteurs sont repositionnées par rapport à celles des autres groupes sociaux des espaces ruraux. L’habitat est ici saisi comme un outil parmi d’autres d’objectivation des capitaux économiques et culturels. Ainsi, depuis l’après-guerre, de l’impossible château qui reste le privilège des mieux nés, à la mise en ordre pavillonnaire de la ferme, jusqu’à la gentrification rurale récente, les pratiques résidentielles des agriculteurs matérialisent leur mobilité sociale ascendante du côté des franges économiques de la petite bourgeoisie.
Strategic planning processes of port systems: A comparative analysis of Brazil and Spain
Authors: Giner Fillol Arturo , Lunkes Rogério João , Mendes Constante Jonas , Ripoll Feliu Vicente M. 
Published: January 2017

According to the World Economic Forum (Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016), the logistics infrastructure in Brazil lags behind developed countries despite its powerful economy. The quality of the transport infrastructure is ranked 77th globally; ranking 121th in road infrastructure; 98th in railway infrastructure; 95th for air transport and 120th for quality of port infrastructure. These positions need to be improved if Brazil wants to remain one of the largest economies in the world for the coming decades. On the other hand, in terms of port infrastructure, Spain occupies 12th position. There are other issues and attributes that could be used to compare both port systems (such as the skills of dockworkers, the institutional framework of the country or the macroeconomic aspects, among others).
Our goal in this paper was to perform a comparative analysis of the strategic planning processes used in the port systems of both Brazil and Spain. The results show that these two countries utilise similar planning systems. Nevertheless, and perhaps due to the recent institutional changes in Brazil, the Brazilian port system has a lot of room for improvement, when compared to the Spanish system. Better alignment between national and local strategy, the transformation of the port authorities that still have not become autonomous companies, or the focus on the implementation of the strategy (using plans updated yearly, aligned with the Strategic Plan) are three actions that we can suggest to those responsible for the formulation of public policies and directives of the Brazilian Port Authorities.
Cathepsin K Deficiency Ameliorates Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-like Manifestations in Faslpr Mice
Authors: Zhou Yi , Chen Huimei , Liu Li , Yu Xueqing , Sukhova Galina K. , Yang Min , Kyttaris Vasileios C. , Stillman Isaac E. , Gelb Bruce , Libby Peter , Tsokos George C. , Shi Guo-Ping 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Cysteinyl cathepsin K (CatK) is expressed in osteoclasts to mediate bone resorption, but is also inducible under inflammatory conditions. Faslpr mice on a C57BL/6 background develop spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus-like manifestations. Although normal mouse kidneys expressed negligible CatK, those from Faslpr mice showed elevated CatK expression in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitial space. Faslpr mice also showed elevated serum CatK levels. CatK deficiency in Faslpr mice reduced all tested kidney pathologies, including glomerulus and tubulointerstitial scores, glomerulus complement C3 and IgG deposition, chemokine expression and macrophage infiltration, and serum autoantibodies. CatK contributed to Faslpr mouse autoimmunity and pathology in part by its activity in TLR-7 proteolytic processing and consequent regulatory T (Treg) cell biology. Elevated TLR7 expression and proteolytic processing in Faslpr mouse kidneys and Tregs showed significantly reduced levels in CatK-deficient mice, leading to increased spleen and kidney Treg content. Purified CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ Tregs from CatK-deficient mice doubled their immunosuppressive activity against T effector cells, compared with those from CatK-sufficient mice. In Faslpr mice, repopulation of purified Tregs from CatK-sufficient mice reduced spleen sizes, autoantibody titers, and glomerulus C3 and IgG deposition, and increased splenic and kidney Treg contents. Tregs from CatK-deficient mice had significantly more potency than CatK-sufficient Tregs in reducing spleen sizes, serum autoantibody titers, and glomerulus C3 deposition, and in increasing splenic and kidney Treg content. This study established a possible role of CatK in TLR7 proteolytic activation, Treg immunosuppressive activity, and lupus autoimmunity and pathology.
A B Cell Epitope Peptide Derived from the Major Grass Pollen Allergen Phl p 1 Boosts Allergen-Specific Secondary Antibody Responses without Allergen-Specific T Cell Help
Authors: Narayanan Meena , Freidl Raphaela , Focke-Tejkl Margarete , Baranyi Ulrike , Wekerle Thomas , Valenta Rudolf , Linhart Birgit 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
More than 40% of allergic patients suffer from grass pollen allergy. Phl p 1, the major timothy grass pollen allergen, belongs to the cross-reactive group 1 grass pollen allergens that are thought to initiate allergic sensitization to grass pollen. Repeated allergen encounter boosts allergen-specific IgE production and enhances clinical sensitivity in patients. To investigate immunological mechanisms underlying the boosting of allergen-specific secondary IgE Ab responses and the allergen epitopes involved, a murine model for Phl p 1 was established. A B cell epitope–derived peptide of Phl p 1 devoid of allergen-specific T cell epitopes, as recognized by BALB/c mice, was fused to an allergen-unrelated carrier in the form of a recombinant fusion protein and used for sensitization. This fusion protein allowed the induction of allergen-specific IgE Ab responses without allergen-specific T cell help. Allergen-specific Ab responses were subsequently boosted with molecules containing the B cell epitope–derived peptide without carrier or linked to other allergen-unrelated carriers. Oligomeric peptide bound to a carrier different from that which had been used for sensitization boosted allergen-specific secondary IgE responses without a detectable allergen-specific T cell response. Our results indicate that allergen-specific secondary IgE Ab responses can be boosted by repetitive B cell epitopes without allergen-specific T cell help by cross-linking of the B cell epitope receptor. This finding has important implications for the design of new allergy vaccines.
Oncostatin M Suppresses Activation of IL-17/Th17 via SOCS3 Regulation in CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Son Hye-Jin , Lee Seung Hoon , Lee Seon-Yeong , Kim Eun-Kyung , Yang Eun-Ji , Kim Jae-Kyung , Seo Hyeon-Beom , Park Sung-Hwan , Cho Mi-La 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine and a member of the IL-6 family. It has both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions and is involved in the activation of STAT3 and STAT5. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic and excessive inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to induction of Th17 cells, which express IL-17. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of OSM on the proliferation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells from mice. IL-2 immune complex suppressed the development of collagen-induced arthritis in mice and altered the regulatory T/Th17 cell balance by increasing OSM expression. OSM mitigated the proliferation of Th17 cells and decreased the expression of IL-17 and IL-21. It promoted the activation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), STAT3, and STAT5. Inhibition of SOCS3, STAT3, and STAT5 lessened the OSM-induced reduction in proliferation of Th17 cells. These observations suggest that OSM can inhibit Th17 differentiation by reciprocally controlling SOCS3, STAT3, and STAT5.
Human Cystic Fibrosis Macrophages Have Defective Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase C Activation of the NADPH Oxidase, an Effect Augmented by Burkholderia cenocepacia
Authors: Assani Kaivon , Shrestha Chandra L. , Robledo-Avila Frank , Rajaram Murugesan V. , Partida-Sanchez Santiago , Schlesinger Larry S. , Kopp Benjamin T. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Macrophage intracellular pathogen killing is defective in cystic fibrosis (CF), despite abundant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung tissue. Burkholderia species can cause serious infection in CF and themselves affect key oxidase components in murine non-CF cells. However, it is unknown whether human CF macrophages have an independent defect in the oxidative burst and whether Burkholderia contributes to this defect in terms of assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex and subsequent ROS production. In this article, we analyze CF and non-CF human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) for ROS production, NADPH assembly capacity, protein kinase C expression, and calcium release in response to PMA and CF pathogens. CF MDMs demonstrate a nearly 60% reduction in superoxide production after PMA stimulation compared with non-CF MDMs. Although CF MDMs generally have increased total NADPH component protein expression, they demonstrate decreased expression of the calcium-dependent protein kinase C conventional subclass α/β leading to reduced phosphorylation of NADPH oxidase components p47phox and p40phox in comparison with non-CF MDMs. Ingestion of B. cenocepacia independently contributes to and worsens the overall oxidative burst deficits in CF MDMs compared with non-CF MDMs. Together, these results provide evidence for inherent deficits in the CF macrophage oxidative burst caused by decreased phosphorylation of NADPH oxidase cytosolic components that are augmented by Burkholderia. These findings implicate a critical role for defective macrophage oxidative responses in persistent bacterial infections in CF and create new opportunities for boosting the macrophage immune response to limit infection.
Contributions of microbial activity and ash deposition to post-fire nitrogen availability in a pine savanna
Authors: Ficken Cari D. , Wright Justin P. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Many ecosystems experience drastic changes to soil nutrient availability associated with fire, but the magnitude and duration of these changes are highly variable among vegetation and fire types. In pyrogenic pine savannas across the southeastern United States, pulses of soil inorganic nitrogen (N) occur in tandem with ecosystem-scale nutrient losses from prescribed burns. Despite the importance of this management tool for restoring and maintaining fire-dependent plant communities, the contributions of different mechanisms underlying fire-associated changes to soil N availability remain unclear. Pulses of N availability following fire have been hypothesized to occur through (1) changes to microbial cycling rates and (2) direct ash deposition. Here, we document fire-associated changes to N availability across the growing season in a longleaf pine savanna in North Carolina. To differentiate between possible mechanisms driving soil N pulses, we measured net microbial cycling rates and changes to soil δ15N before and after a burn. Our findings refute both proposed mechanisms: we found no evidence for changes in microbial activity, and limited evidence that ash deposition could account for the increase in ammonium availability to more than 5–25 times background levels. Consequently, we propose a third mechanism to explain post-fire patterns of soil N availability, namely that (3) changes to plant sink strength may contribute to ephemeral increases in soil N availability, and encourage future studies to explicitly test this mechanism.
Introduction to the Journal of Onco-Nephrology
Authors: Launay-Vacher Vincent , Porta Camillo , Cosmai Laura 
Published: January 2017

Renal insufficiency is highly prevalent among cancer patients, which negatively impacts on their survival. Furthermore, many oncological treatments may severely impair kidney function or exasperate preexisting renal diseases. Thus, the relationship between cancer and the kidney could be regarded as “circular” and warrants specific competencies and expertise for its management. This is why onco-nephrology, as a subspecialty of both oncology and nephrology, has begun to gain importance over the past few years. The complex issues of the management of cancer patients in dialysis, of candidates for kidney transplantation who have had a previous malignancy, and of transplant recipients who subsequently develop a malignancy, also fall into the field of onco-nephrology.
‘Elk nadeel heb z’n voordeel’: (bewijslast)problematiek rondom het passing-on verweer in kartelschadezaken
Authors: Meijer Rogier , Zippro Erik-Jan 
Published: January 2017

‘Elk nadeel heb z’n voordeel’: (bewijslast)problematiek rondom het passing-on verweer in kartelschadezaken
In deze bijdrage wordt aan de hand van het arrest TenneT/ABB, de Richtlijn en de Implementatiewet ingegaan op de manier waarop wordt omgegaan met het bewijs in kartelschadezaken, in het bijzonder bij het passing-on verweer.
Lundbeck – uitstel van executie
Authors: Raedts Elske 
Published: January 2017

Lundbeck - uitstel van executie
In 2002 sloot Lundbeck overeenkomsten met een aantal generieke producenten op grond waarvan zij de marktintroductie van generieke varianten van Lundbeck’s antidepressivum Citalopram zouden uitstellen in ruil voor een betaling. Op 8 september 2016 oordeelde het Gerecht dat deze zogenoemde Pay-for-Delay overeenkomsten tot doel hadden de mededinging te beperken. Het Gerecht laat zich in deze uitspraak onder meer uit over de werkingssfeer van het mededingingsrecht in octrooizaken, over het concept van potentiële concurrentie en over de vraag wanneer schikkingsovereenkomsten als strekkingsbeperking kunnen kwalificeren. Lundbeck heeft op 18 november 2016 tegen deze uitspraak beroep ingesteld bij het Hof van Justitie.
Autonomy of law in Indonesia
Authors: Bedner Adriaan 
Published: January 2017

Autonomy of law in Indonesia
This article seeks to answer how useful the theoretical approaches developed in Europe and the United States are for explaining or understanding the autonomy of law in Indonesia – a nation that is on the verge of becoming a lower-middle-income country and whose legal system presents many of the features found in other developing countries’ legal systems. The article first sketches three lines of theoretical thought that have dominated the inquiry into autonomy of law in (Western) sociology and then assesses to what extent they are represented in the socio-legal studies of Indonesian law. The conclusion is that although socio-legal scholars studying developing countries need supplementary concepts and theories, they can use the Western ones as their point of departure in understanding the functioning of law in a setting that is very different from the one in which these theories were developed.
Opinio juris as epistème: A constructivist approach to the use of contested concepts in legal doctrine
Authors: Tans Olaf 
Published: January 2017

Opinio juris as epistème: A constructivist approach to the use of contested concepts in legal doctrine
Seeing that the role of opinio juris in the identification of customary international law is essentially contested, this contribution seeks to explain how this concept plays a fruitful role in legal doctrine despite of, or perhaps even due to, this essential contestedness. To that effect the paper adopts a constructivist perspective, primarily drawing from Bourdieu’s theory of practice and Berger & Luckmann’s ideas about institutionalization. In this perspective, contested concepts such as opinio juris are conceived of as multifaceted tools of knowledge production in the hands of members of epistemic communities.
The precaution controversy: an analysis through the lens of Ulrich Beck and Michel Foucault
Authors: Arnoldussen Tobias 
Published: January 2017

The precaution controversy: an analysis through the lens of Ulrich Beck and Michel Foucault
According to the precautionary principle lack of scientific evidence for the existence of a certain (environmental) risk should not be a reason not to take preventative policy measures. The precautionary principle had a stormy career in International environmental law and made its mark on many treaties, including the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). However it remains controversial. Proponents see it as the necessary legal curb to keep the dangerous tendencies of industrial production and technology in check. Opponents regard it with suspicion. They fear it will lead to a decrease in freedom and fear the powers to intervene that it grants the state. In this article the principle is reviewed from the perspectives of Ulrich Beck’s ‘reflexive modernisation’ and Michel Foucault’s notion of governmentality. It is argued that from Beck’s perspective the precautionary principle is the result of a learning process in which mankind gradually comes to adopt a reflexive attitude to the risks modernity has given rise to. It represents the wish to devise more inclusive and democratic policies on risks and environmental hazards. From the perspective of Michel Foucault however, the principle is part and parcel of neo-liberal tendencies of responsibilisation. Risk management and prudency are devolved to the public in an attempt to minimise risk taking, while at the same time optimising production. Moreover, it grants legitimacy to state intervention if the public does not live up to the responsibilities foisted on it. Both perspectives are at odds, but represent different sides of the same coin and might learn from each other concerns.
“The production of law”: Law in action in the everyday and the juridical consequences of juridification
Authors: Chevalier Danielle 
Published: January 2017

“The production of law”: Law in action in the everyday and the juridical consequences of juridification
In an increasingly diversifying society, public space is the quintessential social realm Lofland 1998. where members of that diverse society meet each other. Thus space is shared, whilst norms regarding that space are not always shared. Of rivalling norms, some are codified into formal law, in a process Habermas called juridification. Early Habermas regarded juridification a negative process, ‘colonizing the lifeworld’. Later Habermas argued juridification a viable pillar for conviviality in diversity. The shift in Habermas’ perspective invites the question how law works in action. In this article a frame is offered to scrutinize the working of law in action in public space, by applying the conceptual triad of spatial thinker Lefebvre to understand how law is “produced”. It argues that how law is perceived in action is pivotal to understanding how law works in action. Moreover, it discusses the possible ramifications of the perception of law in action for how the legal system as a whole is perceived.
Emerging Business Models and Strategies to Accelerate Innovation in the Biopharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Boni Arthur 
Published: January 2017

We focus on assessing and addressing the current challenges faced by the companies that comprise the biopharmaceutical industry.Â These include: improving productivity in the drug development process while managing many issues arising from partnering across the value chain more effectively; pricing of its products in the face of long, risky, and expensive development cycles; and, regaining the public trust as an industry that reliably and repeatedly delivers value to its constituencies at an affordable cost.Â The motivation for this paper is derived from a panel organized for BIO 2016 in San Francisco, organized by the author and the leadership team of the 12th annual entrepreneurship Boot camp held there. The panel discussed â€œEmerging Issues and Trends in the Business of Biotechnology Entrepreneurshipâ€.Â Discussion was held around three topics that are pertinent to accelerating innovation in the industry: emerging business models; applicability of the lean startup model to biopharma; and pricing.Â The panel was led and moderated by the author, with participation of Steven Sammut, James Jordan, and Dennis Gross.Â Their specific contributions are noted in the text, and their overall contributions to the panel and to this article are gratefully acknowledged.
Audiovisual materials: A way to reinforce listening skills in primary school teacher education
Authors: González-Vera Pilar , Hornero Corisco Ana 
Published: January 2017

Author/s
Pilar González-VeraAna Hornero CoriscoUniversidad de Zaragoza, Spain

ABSTRACT
This paper aims to show the effective use of audiovisual materials in the teaching of EFL to primary school teachers. For that purpose a representative sample of undergraduate students of the Degree in Primary Education with a pre-intermediate B1 level was selected. The students, whose ages ranged from 18 to 22, belonged to the so-called E-generation (Prensky 2001). In the first stage of the study a questionnaire was distributed in order to shed light on our students’ level of English as well as on the ways and resources they have used to learn English. It revealed that oral communication skills (listening, speaking and pronunciation) were usually underestimated. Bearing in mind these results, the present study proposed two main activities, one focused on listening comprehension and another on the improvement of pronunciation through audiovisual materials.