bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact on student learning: National Board Certified Teachers’ perspectives
Authors: Petty Teresa M. , Good Amy J. , Handler Laura K. 
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study is to report National Board Certified Teachers’ (NBCTs) perceived impact on student learning. The guiding research question for this study, “How do teachers perceive the influence of the National Board Certification process on student learning in their own classrooms?” was explored. A total of 496 NBCTs currently teaching in North Carolina public schools completed the survey questionnaire in which they responded to demographic questions, Likert item questions, and open-ended questions. More than 80% of the study’s participants reported the certification process had positively influenced student learning in their classrooms. Thematic analysis revealed several reoccurring themes that NBCTs reported having impact on student learning in their classrooms. These included impact on academic achievement, improved teaching, and/or an increase of effective evaluation and assessment strategies.
Investment Secrecy and Competitive R&D
Authors: Sengupta Aditi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Secrecy about investment in research and development (R&D) can promote greater technological change and higher social welfare in competitive industries. In a duopoly where each firm has private information about its actual production technology (or cost) and firms engage in cost-reducing R&D with uncertain outcomes prior to engaging in price competition, the equilibrium outcome when firms do not observe the R&D investment chosen by the rival (investment secrecy) yields higher investment, social welfare, and industry profit compared to the outcome when R&D investment levels of firms are publicly observable. Government intervention to secure disclosure of R&D investments may be counterproductive; trade secret laws that protect privacy of information related to R&D inputs or investment may be helpful.
Communication as integral element of biomedical implant innovation
Authors: Klimmt Christoph , Link Elena , Emde Katharina , Schneider Beate 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The success of medical implant innovation as a complex field of science and technology requires efforts and strategies in accompanying communication. Fostering public understanding and acceptance of biomedical research and its methods (animal experimentation in particular) is important to counteract wrong assumptions and expectations that journalists, lay people, and (future) patients may hold and that could impede effective take-up of true innovation in the clinical context. Two studies on media coverage of the term “personalized medicine” (n=118 newspaper articles) and on medical implants (n=256 newspaper articles) in Germany (published between 2008 and 2013) illustrate patterns of how journalists offer diverse frames of interpretation to lay audiences. Scholars in biomedical implant innovation and their institutions can benefit from taking these frames into account in order to bridge gaps of missing background knowledge or to counteract overgeneralization of past scandals with (breast) implants. This way, empirically informed communication strategies will satisfy public requirements for transparency and science-public dialogue so that sustainable trust in biomedical implant innovations can evolve.
After Obama
Authors: Kinder Donald , Chudy Jennifer 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBarack Obama, the nation’s first Black president, is approaching the end of his second and final term. Obama’s impending departure raises questions about his legacy. Here we explore what the consequences of the Obama Presidency might be for the future of racial politics in America: for prejudice itself; for the racialization of policy; for the mobilization of the Black vote; and for the racial polarization of the party system.
White Populism and the Transformation of the Silent Majority
Authors: Lowndes Joseph 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSince 1968 a racially-defined conservative populism – what Richard Nixon called the “Silent Majority” – has been a durable part of Republican political identity. Yet across this era the GOP has continued to move away from protecting the rights and livelihoods of the very middle and working-class whites through which they built the modern party. For decades these whites have been experiencing falling or stagnant wages, the deterioration of collective bargaining, and the largest wealth gap in US history – an economic reality that was made worse by the Great Recession of 2008. Today the Silent Majority that made the rise of modern conservatism possible over the last half century is no longer a reliable element of national Republicanism. A combination of downward economic pressure, demographic changes, and political abandonment by GOP elites has created deep rifts that have destabilized the Republican Party and left its future uncertain.
Bit Error Rate Performance Limitations Due to Raman Amplifier Induced Crosstalk in a WDM Transmission System
Authors: Tithi F. H. , Majumder S. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAnalysis is carried out for a single span wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission system with distributed Raman amplification to find the effect of amplifier induced crosstalk on the bit error rate (BER) with different system parameters. The results are evaluated in terms of crosstalk power induced in a WDM channel due to Raman amplification, optical signal to crosstalk ratio (OSCR) and BER at any distance for different pump power and number of WDM channels. The results show that the WDM system suffers power penalty due to crosstalk which is significant at higher pump power, higher channel separation and number of WDM channel. It is noticed that at a BER 10
Performance Evaluation of the Optical AND Gate at 200 Gbps
Authors: Tripathi Devendra Kr. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe article explores performance investigation for the all optical AND logic gate at the 200 Gbps data rate. Numerical simulations have been executed and output pattern for the AND logic operation has been verified. Accordingly good extinction ratio of 15.8 dB has been observed. Investigations depict optimum optical performance metric with the key deign parameters as the pump power (>1e-4 W), pump current (>1 ‎Å), current injection efficiency (>0.5), modulator bias voltage (>1.25 V), modulator on off ratio (>10 dB) and the SOA reflectivity (>0 dB). The schematic is evident, simpler tender’s option to endow different input combinations simultaneously. Furthermore, the outcomes are well sustainable to formulate forthcoming advanced higher data rate all-optical digital processing.
Enhancement of OCT imaging by blood optical clearing in vessels – A feasibility study
Authors: Zhernovaya Olga , Tuchin Valery V. , Leahy Martin J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Objective: The results of a feasibility study of the application of PEG-300 and fructose as two independent optical clearing agents for the reduction of light scattering in biological tissues are presented.

Materials and methods: An OCT system operating at 1300 nm was used to study optical clearing effects. In in-vitro experiments in mice (n=2) an increase of the imaging depth was observed after intravenous injection of PEG-300 alone and in combination with intradermal injection of fructose. The optical clearing effect was also studied for the first time in two mice in vivo using intravenous injection of PEG-300 or solution of hemoglobin.

Results: The intradermal injection of fructose in combination with the intravenous injection of PEG-300 led to a rapid optical clearing effect. In the experiments on mice in vivo the injection of PEG-300 or hemoglobin solution into the tail vein of the living mice allowed for a rapid enhancement of the vein wall and the surrounding tissue image contrast.

Conclusion: The experiments on mice have clearly demonstrated that intradermal and intravenous injections of optical clearing agents enhanced light transport through the skin and blood vessels.
Fibromyalgia syndrome pathology and environmental influences on afflictions with medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Albrecht Phillip J. , Rice Frank L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a clinical disorder predominant in females with unknown etiology and medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), similar to other afflictions, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Gulf War illness (GFI), and others. External environmental stimuli drive behavior and impact physiologic homeostasis (internal environment) via autonomic functioning. These environments directly impact the individual affective state (mind), which feeds back to regulate physiology (body). FMS has emerged as a complex disorder with pathologies identified among neurotransmitter and enzyme levels, immune/cytokine functionality, cortical volumes, cutaneous innervation, as well as an increased frequency among people with a history of traumatic and/or emotionally negative events, and specific personality trait profiles. Yet, quantitative physical evidence of pathology or disease etiology among FMS has been limited (as with other afflictions with MUS). Previously, our group published findings of increased peptidergic sensory innervation associated with the arterio-venous shunts (AVS) in the glabrous hand skin of FMS patients, which provides a plausible mechanism for the wide-spread FMS symptomology. This review focuses on FMS as a model affliction with MUS to discuss the implications of the recently discovered peripheral innervation alterations, explore the role of peripheral innervation to central sensitization syndromes (CSS), and examine possible estrogen-related mechanisms through which external and internal environmental factors may contribute to FMS etiology and possibly other afflictions with MUS.
Cultura y dictadura en Argentina (1976-1983). Estado, funcionarios y políticas
Authors: Rodríguez Laura Graciela 
Published: April 2016

<p>En este artículo analizaremos, en primer lugar, el contenido de las políticas culturales que diseñaron los sucesivos encargados de la Secretaría de Estado de Cultura del Ministerio de Cultura y Educación de la Nación durante la última dictadura en Argentina (1976-1983). En segundo término estudiaremos las trayectorias de los funcionarios, que fueron todos civiles. Mostraremos que la Secretaría tuvo dificultades para funcionar debido al bajo presupuesto que recibió durante todo el período. Observaremos además, las continuidades y rupturas que se dieron con la etapa anterior.</p>
Magmatic Evolution and Compositional Characteristics of Tertiary Volcanic Rocks Associated with the Venarch Manganese Mineralization, Sw Qom, Central Iran
Authors: Mahdavi Mansoureh , Dabiri Rahim , Shah Hosseini Elham 
Published: April 2016

<p>The manganese (Mn) deposits of Iran date from late Proterozoic to Pliocene but the major high-grade Mn ore deposits are associated with tertiary basic to intermediate volcanic rocks. The Venarch Mn deposit is located in the SW Qom city and considered as one of the largest in Iran. The Mn mineralization is mostly hosted by Eocene high-k volcanic and pyroclastic rocks of Urmia-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA). The study area mainly consists of basalt, trachybasalt, andesite, and basaltic-andesite that are intruded by Eocene-Oligocene monzodiorite, monzonite, and granodiorite intrusions. The Venarch Mn ore bodies are mostly hosted by shale beds and wrapped by altered mega-porphyritic andesites and spilitic lavas both in the foot and hanging walls. Petrographic studies show that the principal ore minerals are pyrolusite, psilomelane, and other Mn-oxides,and quartz and calcite were determined as the gang minerals. Integration of field geology, petrography, and geochemical results suggest a hydrothermal origin for the Venarch Mn deposit. Our geochemical data furthermore suggest the volcanic host rocks to be comparable to high-K series of subduction zones.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Evolución Magmática y Características de Composición en Rocas Volcánicas Terciarias Asociadas con la Mineralización de Manganeso en la Mina de Venarch, al Suroeste de Qom, en la Región Central de Irán</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p>Los yacimientos de manganeso (Mn) en Irán datan del Proterozoico tardío hasta el Plioceno, pero el mayor grado de los depósitos de la mena de manganeso se asocian a rocas volcánicas básicas a intermedias de edad Terciaria. El yacimiento de manganeso en la mina de Venarch se localiza al suroeste de la ciudad de Qom y está considerado como uno de los más grandes de Irán. La mineralización de manganeso se presenta en su mayoría en las rocas piroclásticas y volcánicas de alto contenido de K del Eoceno en el Arco Magmático Urmia-Dokhtar (UDMA, en inglés). El área de estudio presenta basaltos, traquibasaltos, andesitas y andesitas basálticas que están intruidas por monzodioritas, monzonitas y granodioritas del Eoceno-Oligoceno. Los cuerpos de mineral de manganeso en Venarch en su mayoría están dentro de capas de pizarra y envueltos por lavas espiliticas y andesitas megaporfiroides tanto en las paredes del piso como en las colgantes. Los estudios petrográficos muestran que los minerales son pirolusitas, silomelanas y otros óxidos de manganeso, mientras que los cuarzos y las calcitas constituyen los minerales de ganga. La integración de los trabajos de geología de campo, petrográficos y geoquímicos sugieren un origen hidrotérmal del yacimiento de manganeso de Venarch. Los datos geoquímicos de este estudio también sugieren que la roca volcánica anfitriona es comparable con las series ricas en K de las zonas de subducción.</p>
The Effects of Secondary Cleft Procedures on Alar Base Position and Nostril Morphology in Patients with Unilateral Clefts
Authors: Power Stephanie M. , Matic Damir B. 
Published: April 2016

Objective To compare effects of secondary cleft procedures on alar base position and nostril morphology. Design Retrospective review. Setting Multidisciplinary cleft clinic at tertiary center. Patients, Participants Seventy consecutive patients with unilateral clefts were grouped according to secondary procedure. Interventions Alveolar bone graft versus total lip takedown with anatomic muscle repair versus single-stage total lip with cleft septorhinoplasty (nose-lip) versus rhinoplasty alone. Main Outcome Measures Anthropometric measurements were recorded from pre- and postoperative photographs. Ratios of cleft to noncleft side were compared within and across groups pre- and postoperatively using parametric and nonparametric tests. Results Within the bone graft group, no differences were seen postoperatively in alar base position in long-term follow-up. The total lip group demonstrated greater symmetry at the alar base ( P < .001), increased vertical lip dimension ( P < .001), and decreased nostril height ( P = .004) postoperatively. Within the nose-lip group, increased vertical dimension and alar base support ( P < .001) were also seen postoperatively. Across groups, the single-stage nose-lip group demonstrated greatest alar base symmetry on worm's-eye view ( P < .04). Conclusions Alar base asymmetry in patients with unilateral clefts may be related to soft tissue deficiency and was not affected by alveolar bone grafting. Total lip takedown with anatomic muscle reapproximation was associated with increased alar base symmetry and vertical lip dimension on cleft to noncleft side. Greatest symmetry at the alar base was seen following single-stage nose-lip reconstruction, which may be an effective technique for correcting the secondary cleft lip nasal deformity.
SALIVARY PARAMETERS IN DIABETICS TYPE II WITH SEVERE CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Dias Magalhães Júlia , Santos Tolomei Camila Barreto dos , Santos Tunes Roberta , Rocha Tunes Urbino da , Tosta Xavier Márcia 
Published: April 2016

Periodontitis and diabetes mellitus combine systemic condition and dental health and can cause salivary alterations. This work examined the saliva of 16 individuals with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and severe chronic periodontitis (SCP) (G1), 11 with DM and without SCP (G2), 14 without DM with SCP (G3) and 15 without DM and without SCP (G4). The periodontal condition was evaluated, salivary flow and buffering capacity were analyzed and salivary components were measured using commercial kits. Diabetics with SCP showed a tendency to decrease the flow. The buffering capacity remains unchanged. Urea (p < 0.018) and total protein (p < 0.001) were larger and less Calcium was observed (p < 0.0001) in diabetics. In patients with SCP, the DM favored even greater urea increase. The phosphate increased in groups G1, G2 and G3 (p < 0.0001) compared to G4. The metabolism from diabetics with SCP increases salivary proteins, increasing urea resulting from amino acids degradation by periodontal bacterias.
RISING EVIDENCE ON MEDITATION
Authors: Elesbão de Borba Mário Henrique 
Published: April 2016

A Meta-analysis conducted by Madhay Goyal, M.D., M.P.H. was published on line January 6th in JAMA Internal Medicine. Dr. Goyal is assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in the Division of General Internal Medicine. One of the objectives was to evaluate if the benefits of meditation could be similar to what we observe with placebo effect. Despite of limitations the trials showed better effect with meditation, what is most relevant in a time where we’ve seen many trials applying the concept of non inferiority. It’s a very important research center publishing relevant information in a very important Journal. This demonstrates the increase interest for this issue. Many conclusions came with this article,some sentences from the authors like: “… no harm came from meditation.”, also “Meditation programs appear to have an effect above and beyond the placebo.”; these two sentences can be observed in the most researches evolving this issue, that’s why we must encourage this practice, there’s enough evidence for we suggest for ours patients and for ourselves to make that.
MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBAL MEDICINES USAGE IN THE SOCIOECONOMIC REALITY OF NORTHEAST BRAZILIAN COCOA REGION
Authors: Cardoso Leonardo Galvão , S. Silva Rafael , P. F. Júnior Gesael , A. M. Cardoso Luiz , J. de Oliveira Alexandre , M. Pires Mônica De , O. da Conceição Aline 
Published: April 2016

Objective: This work describes the medicinal plants and/or herbal medicines usage by the population assisted by Brazilian Public Health System (SUS), and their prescription by health professionals in the Brazilian Northeast. Methods: Questionnaires were applied for public health system users; pharmacists who work at compounding pharmacies; physicians and nurses. Data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: The sociodemographic profile was individuals between 40 and 59 yearsold, majority of females, low family income, and low schooling levels. A great number of individuals (89.3%) used plant products, without prescription and based on traditional knowledge. There was a common trend regarding a lack of knowledge of plant toxicity potential. Regarding health professionals, 90% stated having knowledge about medicinal plants and/or herbal medicines, and 80% believe that its effect is important. Conclusion: The study reveals the major usage of herbal medicines and/or medicinal plants by familiar low income and low schooling level without prescription from a physician. These factors may cause a risk/benefit imbalance where could have a reduction in therapy efficacy and high toxicity potential of the drugs. This reinforces the need of pharmacosurveillance toward usage of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in the public health system.
ASSOCIATION OF CARDIAC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITIES WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Authors: Dória de Vasconcellos Henrique , Marconi Leandro da Silva Antônio , Moraes Júnior Jeová Cordeiro de , Costa Armstrong Anderson Da , Guimarães Victor Edgar 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Pregnancy leads to changes in the cardiovascular system. Gestational diabetes relates to maternal and fetus later development of chronic cardiovascular diseases. We perform an exploratory analysis to assess the prevalence of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Methods: We enrolled 20 consecutive pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 30 healthy pregnant women as controls. Participants with age less than 18 years, previous gestational diabetes, hypertension, cardiac diseases, lung diseases, or medications other than vitamins were excluded. A comprehensive echocardiography protocol was performed in all participants, including 2D views, M-mode technique, flow assessment, and tissue Doppler imaging to acquire cardiac structural and functional parameters. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to assess relations of gestational diabetes with echocardiography-derived parameters. Results: Women with gestational diabetes had higher weight compared to normal pregnant participants, but the cardiovascular risk profile was similar in both groups. LV mass index was significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes when compared to normal pregnant controls, but the other echocardiography-derived parameters were similar in both groups. Gestational diabetes had significant predictive power on higher values of LV mass index, consistent after adjustment for anthropometrics, risk factors, and gynecological history. Conclusion: The presence of gestational diabetes has a consistent independent relation with higher values of LV mass index, but not with other measurements of LV systolic and diastolic function. Myocardial hypertrophy appears to be an early marker of gestational diabetes-related cardiac injury.
Formulation Evaluation and Optimization of Proniosome Based Transdermal Patches of Ketorolac
Authors: Behin Sundara Raj  , Vidya  , Punitha Isaac Samraj  
Published: April 2016

Proniosomes are dry detailing of water-solvent bearer particles that are covered with surfactant and can be apportioned as required and dried out to frame niosomal scattering promptly before use on brief disturbance in hot fluid media inside of minutes. They have potential applications in the conveyance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic medications. Diverse clusters of proniosomes of Ketorolac tromethamine were readied by coacervation stage detachment strategy with distinctive proportions of polymers and surfactants. The physicochemical similarity of the medication and the polymers was considered by FTIR and DSC. The outcomes acquired demonstrated no physical-compound incongruently between the medication and the polymers. The readied frameworks were portrayed for embodiment effectiveness, shape, size and in vitro medication discharge. Release study was completed to research the draining of medication from the proniosomal framework amid capacity. On the premise of results acquired the gel KP 4 was upgraded and further utilized for the creation of transdermal patches with a backing layer (4% PVA) and a suitable rate controlling film. Distinctive rate controlling layers were readied with Eudragit RS-100 (ERS), Eudragit RL-100 (ERL) by mercury substrate method. The formulations were created and subjected to different physicochemical assessments and in vitro study. The patch manufactured with ERS (KTP 1) as rate controlling film was advanced as the best fix and further assessed for in vivo pervasion in rats. Investigation was completed to guarantee the connection between the in vitro and in vivo discharge design. The study exhibited that proniosomal transdermal patch in view of the ERS layer controlled discharge framework has the potential to deliver ketorolac tromethamine.