bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum retinol levels are associated with brain volume loss in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Yokote H , Kamata T , Toru S , Sanjo N , Yokota T 
Published: September 2017

Background Although predicting future brain volume loss (BVL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is important, studies have shown only a few biomarkers that can predict BVL. Objectives The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between longitudinal BVL and serum biomarker candidates. Methods This single-center, retrospective, observational study intended to cover MS patients during January 2008 to March 2016. Patients who underwent brain MRI two times at intervals of >24 months and had a blood test to measure biomarker candidates at the time or within three months of the MRI scan were included. Evaluation of brain volume was performed by using SIENAX and SIENA in the FMRIB software library. Results Twenty-three patients with MS were included in this study. We found that serum retinol binding protein (RBP) levels were significantly correlated with percentage brain volume change (PBVC) ( p = 0.0079). Furthermore, best subset selection of multiple linear regression models identified baseline normalized brain volume and serum RBP as the best predictors of PBVC. Conclusions Our study shows that lower serum retinol levels are associated with greater longitudinal BVL and that serum RBP and can be a predictor of BVL.
The extent to which the passive voice is used in the scientific journal article, 1985–2015
Authors: Banks David 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSome recent research has suggested that use of the passive voice in scientific writing has declined over the last few years. This study attempts to see to what extent that is true. The corpus consists of 32 scientific articles with 8 taken from the publications of the Royal Society of London for each of the years 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015. Half of the articles are from Series A (physical sciences) publications and half from Series B (biological sciences). Overall there is some evidence that passive use has declined for multi-authored papers, although this is clearer in Series A than in Series B. This is supported by an increase in the use of active verbs with first person pronoun subjects in Series A multi-authored papers. There is a tendency for active verbs with first person pronoun subjects to occur in mental process rather than material process. It is hypothesized that the more personal nature of mental process lends itself to active first person pronoun use, and that an increase in articles based on mathematical modeling, as opposed to experimental reports, has led to an increase in the proportion of mental process verbs, particularly those related to mathematical calculation.
The effects of body mass index on treatment of paediatric femur fractures managed with flexible intramedullary nails
Authors: Nielsen E. , Andras L. M. , Bonsu N. , Goldstein R. Y. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose Traditionally, flexible intramedullary nails (FINs) are not to be used to fix femur fractures in patients > 50 kg (110 lbs). However, studies have not examined the efficacy of this technique in overweight and obese patients who may be under this ‘weight cutoff’. The purpose of this study was to assess how patient body mass index (BMI) impacts the treatment of paediatric femur fractures managed with FINs. Methods Retrospective data was collected on all paediatric patients treated with FINs for diaphyseal femur fractures at a single tertiary care institution over a ten-year period. BMI was calculated and categorised according to the Centre for Disease Control BMI Calculator for Children and Teens. Patients with comorbidities affecting bone quality were excluded. Results A total of 54 patients met inclusion criteria. In all, 14 patients were underweight, 20 were within a normal weight range, and 20 were overweight/obese. There was no correlation between BMI and mean shortening (underweight: 7.1 mm, normal weight: 5.2 mm, overweight/obese: 7.2 mm; p = 0.55). There was no correlation between BMI and mean anterior/posterior angulation (underweight: 3.1°, normal weight: 3.8°, overweight/obese: 3.3°; p = 0.93). There was no correlation between BMI and varus/valgus angulation (underweight: -0.86°, normal weight: -0.5°, overweight/obese: -1.25°; p = 0.89). Three cases fit malunion criteria. One of these patients fell into the ‘underweight’ category and two patients fell into the ‘normal weight’ category. Conclusion We found no association between BMI and malunion in FIN fixation of femoral diaphyseal fractures in children. All cases of malunion were seen in underweight or normal weight patients.
Organization-Economic Mechanism For Financial Ensuring Of Marketing Activities Of Small Engineering Enterprises
Authors: Shpak Nestor , Kyrylych Tamara 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The article outlines the features of marketing activity of small engineering enterprises (SEE), the usefulness of their union for joint financing their marketing activity is substantiated. It is argued that the best form of marketing efforts integration and cooperation is an association as a contractual organization that does not interfere in the function of its members, but only consolidates marketing activity. Based on this study, the organization and economical mechanism of creation and functioning of SEE Marketing Association is proposed and the financial terms of cooperation between SEE and consulting firms are investigated to ensure fair and favorable agreements on the amount of membership fees for enterprises – the members of SEE Marketing Association. The features and directions of the use of membership fees are studies and the benefits of the creation of such associations are shown. It was established that the activity of the SSE Marketing Association will focus on consolidating marketing efforts and professional mutual assistance of its members to meet the marketing interests, improving marketing activities, market research, protection of marketing interests of association members, forecasting market situations, finding new sales channels and organizing activities in them, selecting the most appropriate sales channels, effective solutions to the problem of planning the distribution of products between sales channels of members of the Association, development of proposals concerning elimination of undisciplined intermediaries.
Actual Problems Of Business Risk In SME Segment. Case Study From Slovakia
Authors: Belás Jaroslav , Bilan Yuriy , Ključnikov Aleksandr , Vincúrová Zuzana , Macháček Jiří 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of this article was to define, quantify and compare the significant attributes of business risk for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the selected regions of Slovakia. The data was collected through a questionnaire. The whole research was conducted in the Bratislava region on a sample of 102 SMEs, in the region of Trencin on a sample of 105 SMEs and in the Zilina region on a sample of 168 SMEs. Thus we compared important factors of business risk in the most economically developed region of the Slovak capital to the average regions of Trencin and Zilina. On the basis of the results of our research, we can conclude that the most important business risk is market risk in all regions. The average value of perceived market risk was higher than 50%. For this reason entrepreneurs have indicated the existence of negative trends in performance and profitability of their companies.
Towards Entrepreneurship: Reflections Between Theory and Practice
Authors: Benešová Tereza 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The paper deals with the pragmatic need of linking theory and practice in the learning process, focusing on vocational education in economics and entrepreneurship education. In connection with selected alternative economic theories is shown the necessity of praxeological educational background and practical work experience in teaching process in entrepreneurship education. Results are based on the research, which was done in the framework of prepared dissertation thesis on the theme of entrepreneurship education from the perspectives of theory and the perspective of vocational school teachers of economics subjects. The results focus on the concept of entrepreneurship education preferred by teachers of the economical subjects at the secondary schools specialised in economics. The main aim of the research was to check, to what degree are the theoretical bases of the education of the entrepreneurship fulfilled in the reality of a secondary school specialised in economics. The results show that in the case of preferred aims of the respondents of our examination we could talk about the combination of creation of knowledge and preparation for the profession. It is confirmed that the teachers rely significantly on a prescribed list of educational topics, but at the same time the results clearly show that the respondents think about their subject and formative aspect of their classes through using of cross-sectional topic.
Ifrs Versus Cz Gaap: Influence of Construction Contracts on Financial Indicators
Authors: Havlová Kristýna 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In 2009, 117 countries all over the world allowed to prepare financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) including the Czech Republic. Between Czech General Accepted Accounting Principles (CZ GAAP) and IFRS are some differences involving reporting of noncurrent fixed assets, leasing, construction contracts etc. Using different accounting procedure we can get different value of assets and assets are one component that is used to calculate the financial performance indicators. Those indicators are then used by investors to assess the financial performance of companies and the application of IFRS instead of CZ GAAP can lead to distinct presentation of enterprise performance. In this paper we examine the influence of construction contract reporting using IFRS and CZ GAAP on financial indicators. IFRS leads to more stable development during the period when the project is in progress. In the last year when the project is finished the figures of both ratios (ROA and Z-score) are getting worse which is due to the lower percentage of the construction that is built in this year.
Self Service Technologies: A Cause of Unemployment
Authors: Otekhile Cathy-Austin , Zeleny Milan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The self-service technologies (SSTs) are fast changing the conventional way of transacting business by business organisations. The rapid innovation of self-service technologies and its adoption and usages in all facets of human systems is acclaimed to be fast rendering low skilled workers jobless. The major sectors of the economy in advanced economies have reached their peaks and can no longer provide new employment due to an increase in the productivity growth rate as a result of technology advances. These SSTs have in no small measure brought about an increase in productivity growth rate, cost reduction and anincrease in the speed of service delivery to customers. This paper examines if self-service technologies truly are the cause of persistent unemployment through a study of the long term metamorphosis of the major economic sectors in advanced economies. This study revealed that the SSTs presents both risks and opportunities.
Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Segment of Micro-Enterprises: Evidence from Czech Republic
Authors: Civelek Mehmet , Rahman Ashiqur , Kozubikova Ludmila 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The objective of this comprehensive research is to identify and explore the dissimilarities of gender and education level of entrepreneurs and enterprises’ age with regards to entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the segment of micro enterprises. All of the dimensions of EO are included such as innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy for our analysis. The data that we have used for this study, was collected by a structured questionnaire during 2015 in Czech Republic, and consists of 1141 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and 740 of them are defined as micro enterprises by using the definition of European Commission. The empirical results of our study indicates a that university educated micro-entrepreneurs are more innovative and autonomous comparing with lower educated micro-entrepreneurs and also younger micro firms are more innovative, risk taker and proactive than the older micro firms. However, our results do not show any significant differences between men and women in relation to the all components of EO. Our result can be explained by having higher percentage of university educated women micro entrepreneurs comparing with their men counterparts and education may have a substitution effect on the gender based differences in the segment of micro firms.
Repayment Plan as Essential Instrument in Personal Bankruptcy in the Czech Republic
Authors: Randáková Monika , Bokšová Jiřina 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
It is possible to undergo a personal bankruptcy in the Czech Republic since 2008. The number of personal bankruptcies has been steadily rising in the country since the arrival of economic crisis in 2009. Because of that it is necessary to examine individuals who had undergone personal bankruptcy and by whom has been the process of personal bankruptcy already completed. Submitted research concerns debt relief of individuals who applied for personal bankruptcy in the time period between 1.1.2008 and 31.12.2011 and whose process of personal bankruptcy was declared as successfully completed until the first quarter of 2015. Until the end of the research this applied to 1.352 individuals. The main aim of the research was to find out the percentage of debt repaid to creditors by each individual with regard to their age. The research has been focused on dividing the sample of 1.352 individuals to different categories according to their age, source of their income and amount of their income. Particular debtors who applied for a personal bankruptcy, have been divided into four age groups. Each individual was afterwards analysed for the source of their income, from which the debts were repaid. Possible sources of income were divided into eleven groups. The researched sample of individuals was consequently divided according to the overall amount of their debt into five categories.
Prediction Model of Dividend Payment of Czech Joint Stock Companies
Authors: Sejkora František 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The dividend payment is the very important part of investment decision for many stockholders. Results of this text identify finance factors that influence the management in dividend policy within the examined branch “Production and distribution of electric energy, gas and water”. Seven regressive models were created and they identify and define the effect of individual factors on the dividend payment among individual owner’s types. The retained earnings, the rate of return of invested assets in total and the size of company have the positive effect on the dividend payment. For the purpose of better interpretation the individual factors were quantified in form of the chance that the company will pay the dividend when compared to the fact that the company is not going to pay any dividend. The resulting regressive model was subsequently validated using the classification table and the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Repeated High-Intensity Cycling Performance Is Unaffected by Timing of Carbohydrate Ingestion
Authors: Shei Ren-Jay , Paris Hunter L. , Beck Christopher P. , Chapman Robert F. , Mickleborough Timothy D. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Shei, R-J, Paris, HL, Beck, CP, Chapman, RF, and Mickleborough, TD. Repeated high-intensity cycling performance is unaffected by timing of carbohydrate ingestion. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2243–2249, 2018—To determine whether carbohydrate (CHO) feeding taken immediately before, early, or late in a series of high-intensity cycling exercises affected cycling performance. A total of 16 trained, male cyclists (>6 hours postprandial) performed 3-, 4-km cycling time trials (TT1, TT2, and TT3) separated by 15 minutes of active recovery on 4 separate occasions. Carbohydrate feeding (80 g) was given either before TT1 (PRE1), before TT2 (PRE2), before TT3 (PRE3), or not at all (control, CTL). Treatment order was randomized. Sweet placebo was given before the other TTs. Blood glucose (BG) concentration was measured before each trial. Mean power output (Pmean) and time to completion (TTC) were recorded. Pmean was higher in TT1 compared with TT2 (p = 0.001) and TT3 (p = 0.004) in all conditions, but no differences were observed between treatments. Time to completion was lower in TT1 compared with TT2 (p = 0.01), but no other differences in TTC (within or between treatments) were observed. Within CTL and PRE1, BG did not differ between TT1, TT2, and TT3. In PRE2, BG was significantly higher in TT2 compared with TT1 (p = 0.006), in TT3 compared with TT1 (p = 0.001), and in TT3 compared with TT2 (p = 0.01). In PRE3, BG was significantly higher in TT3 compared with TT1 and TT2 (p = 0.001 for both). Given that performance was not influenced by the timing of CHO ingestion, athletes engaging in repeated, high-intensity cycling exercise do not need to ingest CHO before- or between-exercise bouts; furthermore, athletes should refrain from ingesting CHO between bouts if they wish to avoid a rise in BG.
Efficacy of Repeated Cold Water Immersion on Recovery After a Simulated Rugby Union Protocol
Authors: Barber Sean , Pattison John , Brown Freddy , Hill Jessica 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Barber, S, Pattison, J, Brown, F, and Hill, J. Efficacy of repeated cold water immersion on recovery after a simulated rugby union protocol. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3523–3529, 2020—Training and athletic competition frequently results in exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of repeated cold water immersion (CWI) on recovery after a simulated rugby union match. Sixteen male, club-level rugby players were matched for body mass and randomly assigned to either a CWI group or control (CON) group. After the simulated rugby match, the CWI group underwent 2 × 5-minute immersions at a temperature of 10° C separated by 2.5 minutes seated at room temperature, whereas the CON group remained seated for 15 minutes. Creatine kinase (CK), perceived muscle soreness, counter movement jump (CMJ), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors were measured pre-exercise, postexercise, 24 and 48 hours after exercise. Large effect sizes were observed for muscle soreness at 24 and 48 hours after exercise with lower soreness values observed in the CWI group. Large effect sizes were observed for CMJ at all time points and at 24 and 48 hours post for MVIC with improved recovery of muscle function observed in the CWI group compared with the CON group. Last, a moderate effect size was observed for CK immediately after exercise, followed by large effect sizes at 24 and 48 hours after exercise, with CK concentration blunted in the CWI group. Overall, these findings provide some support for the use of CWI to enhance recovery from EIMD after a simulated rugby union match.
The development and initial evaluation of the Pornography-Use Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale
Authors: Kraus Shane W. , Rosenberg Harold , Martino Steve , Nich Charla , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: September 2017

Background and aims
This study employed a newly developed questionnaire to evaluate whether men’s self-efficacy to avoid using pornography in each of 18 emotional, social, or sexually arousing situations was associated with either their typical frequency of pornography use or their hypersexuality.

Methods
Using an Internet-based data collection procedure, 229 male pornography users (Mage = 33.3 years, SD = 12.2) who had sought or considered seeking professional help for their use of pornography completed questionnaires assessing their situationally specific self-efficacy, history of pornography use, self-efficacy to employ specific pornography-reduction strategies, hypersexuality, and demographic characteristics.

Results
Frequency of pornography use was significantly negatively associated with level of confidence in 12 of the 18 situations. In addition, lower hypersexuality and higher confidence to employ pornography-use-reduction strategies were associated with higher confidence to avoid using pornography in each of the 18 situations. A principal axis factor analysis yielded three clusters of situations: (a) sexual arousal/boredom/opportunity, (b) intoxication/locations/easy access, and (c) negative emotions.

Discussion and conclusions
This questionnaire could be employed to identify specific high-risk situations for lapse or relapse and as a measure of treatment outcome among therapy clients, but we recommend further examination of the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the questionnaire in treatment samples. Because only one of the three clusters reflected a consistent theme, we do not recommend averaging self-efficacy within factors to create subscales.
A hormonális rendszer válsága: az endokrin diszruptorok egészségügyi hatásai
Authors: Csaba György 
Published: September 2017

Abstract: The endocrine disruptors are natural or arteficial molecules wich are present in the animal (human) environment and entering into the organism. They are bound by hormone receptors, simulating or inhibiting the normal hormonal message. This way they are able to stimulate or hinder the function of the given cell, as well as the synthesis and transport of hormones or receptors. They can cause faulty hormonal imprinting in critical periods of development with lifelong consequences, as alteration of hormone-influenced cell functions, inclination to or manifestation of diseases, so they have medical importance. The number of endocrine disruptors as well as their amount are large and continously growing. Numerous, in adult age manifested disease (e.g. malignant tumors) can be deduced to perinatal harms. Their long-lasting effect can cause the alteration of basal human developmental characteristics (e.g. start of menarche). Vitamins A and D are hormones (exohormones) and could be endocrine disruptors. Perinatal imprinting caused by endocrine disruptors is transmitted to the progenies epigenetically, which also can influence the drug-sensitivity of offspring’ receptors. If the epigenetic change is continuously transmitted to the progeny generations, this could have human-evolutionary importance. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(37): 1443–1451.
Flexural distortional strength of steel beams determined by finite-element modelling
Authors: Tohidi Sajjad , Sharifi Yasser 
Published: September 2017

This paper reports on the development of a three-dimensional finite-element model for inelastic non-linear flexural buckling analysis of steel I-beams. The model was used to investigate the effects of unbraced length and yield strength on member moment capacity. Unlike existing design codes, the model considers the effect of web distortions in a lateral-distortional buckling mode. Beam slenderness ranges can be divided into three main regions depending on the failure type – low slenderness (plastic), intermediate slenderness (inelastic buckling) and high slenderness (elastic buckling). Structural design codes give criteria that specify some form of transition from the end of the elastic region to the plastic moment. In the work reported in this paper, the effect of yield strength and web distortion on the limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of inelastic lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) was investigated. The numerical beam strengths were compared with the design strengths predicted by current design codes, specifically the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Australian Standard AS 4100 and BS EN 1993-1-2.