bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogenetic relationships among Anatolian-Hyrcanian brown frog taxa (Ranidae: Rana)
Authors: Najibzadeh Masoumeh , Veith Michael , Gharzi Ahmad , Rastegar-Pouyani Nasrullah , Rastegar-Pouyani Eskandar , Kieren Sarah , Pesarakloo Alireza 
Published: August 2017

Although the phylogenetic relationship of Western Palearctic brown frogs has been repeatedly studied, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationship of Anatolian-Hyrcanian brown frogs is still not fully resolved. Here, we assess the phylogenetic status of these species among Western Palearctic brown frogs with special emphasize on Iranian populations based on two partial mitochondrial DNA sequences (16S rRNA and cytochromebgenes) and the application of a molecular clock. Our results clearly show that Western Palearctic brown frogs underwent a basal radiation in to two main monophyletic clades, the European brown frogs plus the AsianR. asiaticaand the Anatolian-Hyrcanian brown frogs, during Early Miocene ca. 20.2 mya. The Hyrcanian (R. pseudodalmatina) and the Anatolian lineage diverged approximately 16.6 mya. The further diverged into two subclades,R. tavasensisandR. macrocnemis, during the Middle Miocene, 14.5 mya. Our results suggest that diversification within these lineages may be closely linked to the formation of Neotethys and Paratethys and the subsequent uplift of the Turkish-Iranian plateau during the Early Miocene which led to restricted gene flow among brown frogs in these regions. Contrary to previous studies, we conclude that the Plio-Pleistocene epoch seems to be not associated to further significant speciation events within Anatolian-Hyrcanian brown frogs.
Tonsillectomy in Children with Down Syndrome: A National Cohort of Inpatients
Authors: Baker Andrew B. , Farhood Zachary , Brandstetter Kathleen A. , Teufel Ronald J. , LaRosa Angela , White David R. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the cost, length of stay, and incidence of postoperative hemorrhage associated with Down syndrome (DS) patients undergoing tonsillectomy in a national sample of inpatient children.Study DesignThis study uses a national cross‐sectional cohort to analyze children with and without DS undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.Setting2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database.Subjects and MethodsThe database was analyzed for postoperative hemorrhage and respiratory compromise, length of stay, and total charges of hospital stay. These outcomes were compared between patients with DS vs patients without DS.ResultsIn total, 7512 patients were identified who underwent tonsillectomy: 7159 patients without DS and 353 patients with DS. The non‐DS group was younger with a median age of 3 years (range, 0‐18) compared with a DS median age of 4 years (range, 0‐20), P =. 004. The DS group had a significant increase in postoperative hemorrhage compared with non‐DS (10 [2.8%] vs 87 [1.2%], respectively), P =. 024. However, the DS and non‐DS groups were comparable for respiratory complications (5 [1.4%] vs 106 [1.5%], respectively), P =. 922. Median length of stay was significantly increased in the DS group (1 [interquartile range (IQR), 1‐3]) compared with the non‐DS group (1 [IQR, 1‐2]), P <. 001. Median charges for hospital stay totaled $17,451 (IQR, $11,901‐$24,949) for the DS group compared with $14,395 (IQR, $9739‐$21,890) for the non‐DS group, P <. 001.ConclusionAcross the United States, children with DS hospitalized for tonsillectomy have an increased length of stay and cost of care. These data also suggest an increased risk of postoperative hemorrhage during the initial admission without an increased risk of respiratory complications.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with central scar on gadoxetic acid-enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Han Sol Bee , Kim Young Kon , Min Ji Hye , Ha Sang Yun , Jeong Woo Kyung , Lee Won Jae 
Published: August 2017

Background Central scars are rarely reported in conventional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The presence of central scars on imaging might lead to erroneous diagnosis of hepatic tumors. Purpose To determine imaging features of HCC with central scars on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including gadoxetic acid-enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Material and Methods Fifty-one patients with 51 surgically confirmed HCCs with central scars (fibrotic scar: n = 50; myxoid scar: n = 1; range = 1.2–15 cm; mean = 3.7 cm) underwent liver MRI that consisted of T1- and T2-weighted (T2W) imaging, gadoxetic acid-enhanced arterial, portal, 3-min late phase, and 20-min hepatobiliary phase (HBP), and DWI. Two reviewers evaluated morphology, signal intensity, and enhancement features of tumors and central scars for each image and reached consensus. Results Lobulated contour was seen for 30 tumors (58.8%); the rest were round or oval masses. Central scars (range = 0.2–6.0 cm; mean = 0.9 cm) were most commonly seen as defects within hyperenhancement on arterial phase images (n = 47, 92.2%), bright (n = 28, 54.9%) or dark areas (n = 15, 29.4%) on T2W imaging, areas of central darkness on high b-value DWI (b = 800) (n = 31, 60.8%), and/or central enhancement on HBP (n = 36, 70.6%), mimicking a target appearance. Tumor capsule was seen in 35 (39 pathology, 74.5%) and intratumoral septum in 35 (41 pathology, 78.4%) tumors on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Conclusion Non-fibrolamellar HCC may show central scar. HCC with central scar mimics cholangiocarcinoma by showing a target appearance on HBP and DWI. Tumor capsule and intratumoral septum might be useful for characterizing HCC with central scar.
Double Fortified Salt Intervention Improved Iron Intake But Not Energy and Other Nutrient Intakes in Female Tea Plantation Workers From West Bengal, India
Authors: Venkatramanan Sudha , Marquis Grace , Neufeld Lynnette , Wenger Michael , Murray-Kolb Laura , Reinhart Gregory , Haas Jere 
Published: August 2017

Background: Iron deficiency is a global public health concern and has implications on the health status of women in reproductive age. Objective: We hypothesized that improving iron intake with double fortified salt would improve food intake, resulting in higher energy, nutrient intakes, and weight indicators of female tea plantation workers. Methods: In this randomized double-masked study, the participants (n = 245) were assigned to receive salt double fortified with iron and iodine (DFS; treatment) or salt fortified with iodine (control) and followed for 7.5 to 9 months. Dietary intakes were measured at three time points, baseline, midpoint, and end line using (1) food frequency questionnaire, (2) 24-hour recall, and (3) weighed lunch intake. Anthropometric measures of height (cm), weight (kg), and mid-upper arm circumference (cm) were also recorded at three time points. Mixed-model repeated-measures approach was used to detect group differences across time. Results: Double fortified salt improved dietary iron intake in the treatment group compared to the control group ( P < .001). No other dietary or anthropometric differences could be attributed to treatment. Significant effect of time was observed in the intake frequency of major food groups and calcium, vitamin A and C ( P <.001 for all), suggesting an equal effect of seasonality in both the groups. Conclusion: Addition of DFS in the diet improved dietary iron intake but did not affect the intake of energy, other nutrients, or nutritional status indicators. The improvement observed in the dietary iron intake demonstrates that fortification is an effective strategy to address iron deficiency in at-risk populations.
Intermittent hypoxia training in prediabetes patients: Beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, hypoxia tolerance and gene expression
Authors: Serebrovska Tetiana V , Portnychenko Alla G , Drevytska Tetiana I , Portnichenko Vladimir I , Xi Lei , Egorov Egor , Gavalko Anna V , Naskalova Svitlana , Chizhova Valentina , Shatylo Valeriy B 
Published: July 2017

The present study aimed at examining beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) under prediabetic conditions. We investigate the effects of three-week IHT on blood glucose level, tolerance to acute hypoxia, and leukocyte mRNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and its target genes, i.e. insulin receptor, facilitated glucose transporter–solute carrier family-2, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J. Seven healthy and 11 prediabetic men and women (44–70 years of age) were examined before, next day and one month after three-week IHT (3 sessions per week, each session consisting 4 cycles of 5-min 12% O2 and 5-min room air breathing). We found that IHT afforded beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in patients with prediabetes reducing fasting glucose and during standard oral glucose tolerance test. The most pronounced positive effects were observed at one month after IHT termination. IHT also significantly increased the tolerance to acute hypoxia (i.e. SaO2 level at 20th min of breathing with 12% O2) and improved functional parameters of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. IHT stimulated HIF-1α mRNA expression in blood leukocytes in healthy and prediabetic subjects, but in prediabetes patients the maximum increase was lagged. The greatest changes in mRNA expression of HIF-1α target genes occurred a month after IHT and coincided with the largest decrease in blood glucose levels. The higher expression of HIF-1α was positively associated with higher tolerance to hypoxia and better glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, our results suggest that IHT may be useful for preventing the development of type 2 diabetes. Impact statement The present study investigated the beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) in humans under prediabetic conditions. We found that three-week moderate IHT induced higher HIF-1α mRNA expressions as well as its target genes, which were positively correlated with higher tolerance to acute hypoxia and better glucose homeostasis in both middle-aged healthy and prediabetic subjects. This small clinical trial has provided new data suggesting a potential utility of IHT for management of prediabetes patients.
Sudden unexpected death caused by stroke: A nationwide study among children and young adults in Denmark
Authors: Ågesen Frederik Nybye , Risgaard Bjarke , Zachariasardóttir Sára , Jabbari Reza , Lynge Thomas Hadberg , Ingemann-Hansen Ole , Ottesen Gyda Lolk , Thomsen Jørgen Lange , Haunsø Stig , Krieger Derk Wolfgang , Winkel Bo Gregers , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob 
Published: August 2017

Background Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in young individuals globally. Data on the burden of sudden death by stroke are sparse in the young. Aims The aim of this study was to report mortality rates, cause of death, stroke subtype, and symptoms in children and young adults who suffered sudden death by stroke. Methods We conducted a retrospective, nationwide study including all deaths within Danish borders between 2000–2009 and 2007–2009 in persons aged 1–35 years and 36–49 years, respectively. Two physicians identified all sudden death cases through review of all death certificates. All available autopsy reports and records from hospitals and general practitioners were retrieved and a neurologist identified all sudden death by stroke cases. Results Of the 14,567 deaths in the 10-year period, there were 1,698 sudden death cases, of which 52 (3%) were sudden death by stroke. There was a male predominance (56%) and the median age was 33 years. The incidence of sudden death by stroke in individuals aged 1–49 years was 0.19 deaths per 100,000 person-years. Stroke was hemorrhagic in 94% of cases, whereof subarachnoid hemorrhage was the cause of death in 63% of cases. Seventeen (33%) cases contacted the healthcare system because of neurological symptoms, whereof one was suspected of having a stroke (6%). Conclusions Sudden death by stroke in children and young adults occurs primarily due to hemorrhagic stroke. We report a high frequency of neurological symptoms prior to sudden death by stroke. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals towards stroke symptoms in children and young adults may lead to earlier detection of stroke, and thereby potentially lowering the incidence of sudden death by stroke.
Concurrent surface electromyography and force myography classification during times of prosthetic socket shift and user fatigue
Authors: Sanford Joe , Patterson Rita , Popa Dan O 
Published: August 2017

Objective Surface electromyography has been a long-standing source of signals for control of powered prosthetic devices. By contrast, force myography is a more recent alternative to surface electromyography that has the potential to enhance reliability and avoid operational challenges of surface electromyography during use. In this paper, we report on experiments conducted to assess improvements in classification of surface electromyography signals through the addition of collocated force myography consisting of piezo-resistive sensors. Methods Force sensors detect intrasocket pressure changes upon muscle activation due to changes in muscle volume during activities of daily living. A heterogeneous sensor configuration with four surface electromyography–force myography pairs was investigated as a control input for a powered upper limb prosthetic. Training of two different multilevel neural perceptron networks was employed during classification and trained on data gathered during experiments simulating socket shift and muscle fatigue. Results Results indicate that intrasocket pressure data used in conjunction with surface EMG data can improve classification of human intent and control of a powered prosthetic device compared to traditional, surface electromyography only systems. Significance Additional sensors lead to significantly better signal classification during times of user fatigue, poor socket fit, as well as radial and ulnar wrist deviation. Results from experimentally obtained training data sets are presented.
Clinical Outcomes of Total Disc Replacement Versus Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease
Authors: Mattei Tobias A. , Beer Jennifer , Teles Alisson R. , Rehman Azeem A. , Aldag Jean , Dinh Dzung 
Published: August 2017

Study Design: The authors performed a retrospective controlled study of patients diagnosed with lumbar degenerative disc disease who received surgical intervention (either total disc replacement [TDR]/Activ-L or anterior lumbar interbody fusion [ALIF]) at a single tertiary-care hospital from 2007–2010. Objectives: To investigate the clinical outcomes after TDR in comparison with ALIF for surgical treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD). Methods: Analyzed data included intra-operative blood loss, time to return to work, and clinical outcomes as evaluated through the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain questionnaires pre-operatively and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperative follow-up. Results: At the univariate analysis, patients submitted to TDR presented significantly lower VAS pain scores than patients who received ALIF starting at 6 weeks ( P < .001) and continuing through one year postoperatively ( P = .007). Patients submitted to TDR also presented significantly lower ODI disability scores at all time points. There was a significant difference in the number of days to return to work, with TDR patients returning to work on average 65 days sooner than ALIF patients ( P = .011). There was no significant difference in the total blood loss between both groups. Conclusions: The results of this retrospective controlled study suggest that, in comparison with patients submitted to ALIF, patients submitted to TDR present quicker return to work, less back pain, and lower disability scores at 1 year follow-up.
“Pin the Tail on the MPFL” Identification by Palpation - Results
Authors: Koh Jason L. , Zimmerman Todd 
Published: July 2017

Objectives: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has become increasingly popular to treat patellar dislocation. Studies have noted the importance of recovering the anatomic insertion of the MPFL and that reconstruction should be performed within 5mm of the native insertion site to avoid biomechanical complications. Currently radiographic imaging is used to locate the MPFL insertion site at Schottle’s point. This study investigated the viability of utilizing palpation to locate the MPFL insertion site for proper MPFL reconstruction. Methods: Thirty-eight patellofemoral specialists attending IPSG were selected to participate in this study with a mean of 15.9 years in practice (median 14, range 1-39). Using a single fresh-frozen human cadaveric knee, each specialist individually performed surface palpation of the anatomical landmarks and inserted a dissection pin at the purposed MPFL femoral insertion site. Radiographic images were taken of each pin placement. At conclusion, the cadaveric leg was dissected and forceps were placed at the distal and proximal end of the MPFL insertion with a dissection pin in the middle of the insertion and a radiographic image was taken of this. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software to determine the distance and angle from the MPFL insertion center to the specialist’s pin location. Results: Length and angle measurements were taken three times and averaged for each sample. The bridge of a forceps was utilized as a scale for the images (2.325 pixels/mm). Average distance was found to be 3.18 ± 2.55 mm with an average angle of 161.2 ± 74.4° relative to the anterior direction indicating 0°. Seven of thirty-eight (18%) samples were more than 5mm from the native insertion site. Conclusion: With an average pin displacement of 3.18mm, it was seen that most specialists could accurately determine MPFL insertion location accurately without the use of radiographic equipment. On average, the displacement angle of 161.2° indicates the pin was typically located more posterior than the MPFL insertion site. Seven measurements exceeded 5mm distance from the MPFL insertion, which would be concerning for biomechanical effects on the patellofemoral joint if the repair was placed at the pin location. Clinical Relevance: While experienced patellofemoral surgeons were able to identify femoral MPFL origin with reasonable accuracy by palpation, even experienced surgeons had inaccuracies that could compromise outcomes up to 18% of the time. For this reason we recommend the use of radiography along with appropriate exposure to assist in accurately identifying the anatomic femoral attachment of the MPFL during MPFL reconstruction.
Segond Fracture: A Risk Factor for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Failure?
Authors: Gaunder Christopher L. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Pennock Andrew T. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives: Segond fractures may be identified when an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is diagnosed and likely represent an avulsion of the anterolateral ligament. It is currently unclear whether these fractures can be ignored at the time of ACL reconstruction or if they should be addressed surgically. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of Segond fractures in patients undergoing a primary ACL reconstruction compared to those undergoing a revision ACL reconstruction in an attempt to determine if the presence of a Segond fracture predisposes to ACL reconstruction failure. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing a primary or revision ACL reconstruction between January 2007 and June 2014 was performed. Demographic data (age, gender, and BMI), injury variables (acuity, mechanism of injury), and radiographic features (concomitant ligamentous injuries, growth plate status) were documented. Each Segond fracture was analyzed for its specific location, size, displacement, and healing using both radiographic images and MRI. Statistical analysis was performed using a p value of <0.05. Results: The incidence of Segond fractures was 6%. The fracture fragment averaged 6.6 mm in height, 2.3 mm in width, and was displaced 5.0 mm. The fracture fragment bed was localized at the tibial attachment site of the anterolateral ligament 21 mm posterior to Gerdy’s tubercle in nearly all cases. Post-ACL reconstruction, the Segond fracture healed in 90% of cases. The incidence of a Segond fracture was twice as common in male patients (p=0.02), otherwise its presence was not associated with any other demographic data, injury variables, or radiographic features (p>0.05) ( Table 1 ). No patients undergoing a revision surgery had a Segond fracture and no patient with a Segond fracture had a graft failure. [Table: see text] Conclusion: Segond fractures are relatively uncommon in adolescent patients undergoing ACL surgery (6%). This injury occurs from an avulsion of the lateral joint capsule or the anterolateral ligament (ALL). Patients with a Segond fracture are at no higher risk to require a revision ACL reconstruction compared to patients without a Segond fracture. This may be attributable to its high union rate. At the time of primary ACL reconstruction, if a Segond fracture is identified, it can be ignored (not repaired or reconstructed) and this approach does not appear to predispose to ACL graft failure.
The Impact of a Revised Curriculum on Academic Motivation, Burnout, and Quality of Life Among Medical Students
Authors: Lyndon Mataroria P , Henning Marcus A , Alyami Hussain , Krishna Sanjeev , Yu Tzu-Chieh , Hill Andrew G 
Published: July 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a revised curriculum on medical student academic motivation, burnout, and quality of life. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study involved 2 medical school cohorts of second year and fourth year medical students at The University of Auckland: a cohort under a traditional curriculum (n = 437) and a cohort under a revised curriculum (n = 446). Participants completed self-reported questionnaires measuring academic motivation, burnout, and quality of life. Two multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) were conducted. Results: The response rate was 48%. No statistically significant differences were found between curriculum cohorts for mean scores of academic motivation, personal burnout, and quality of life. However, differences were found when comparing preclinical medical students and students in their clinical years of training. In comparison with Year 2 medical students, the MANCOVA for Year 4 students showed a significant main effect for the revised curriculum with respect to both physical and environmental quality of life. Conclusions: A revised medical curriculum had a differential effect on quality of life for Year 4 students in the latter years of medical school who are based in a clinical learning environment.
Overexpression of RUNX1 short isoform has an important role in the development of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Sakurai Hiroko , Harada Yuka , Ogata Yosuke , Kagiyama Yuki , Shingai Naoki , Doki Noriko , Ohashi Kazuteru , Kitamura Toshio , Komatsu Norio , Harada Hironori 
Published: August 2017

Key Points
RUNX1a, but not RUNX1b, is overexpressed in CD34+ cells from patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms. SRSF2P95H mutation induces RUNX1a overexpression and a monocytic phenotype in TF-1 cells.
Deletion of the Arp2/3 complex in megakaryocytes leads to microthrombocytopenia in mice
Authors: Paul David S. , Casari Caterina , Wu Congying , Piatt Raymond , Pasala Swetha , Campbell Robert A. , Poe Kathryn O. , Ghalloussi Dorsaf , Lee Robert H. , Rotty Jeremy D. , Cooley Brian C. , Machlus Kellie R. , Italiano Joseph E. , Weyrich Andrew S. , Bear James E. , Bergmeier Wolfgang 
Published: August 2017

Key Points
Deletion of Arp2/3 leads to marked microthrombocytopenia due to abnormal platelet release and increased platelet clearance. Arp2/3 is critical for platelet lamellipodia formation and spreading, but plays a minor role for platelet adhesion and hemostasis.