bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for the Treatment of 3 and 4- Part Fractures of the Humeral Head in the Elderly
Authors: Gigis Ioannis , Nenopoulos Alexandros , Giannekas Dimitrios , Heikenfeld Roderich , Beslikas Theodoros , Hatzokos Ippokratis 
Published: March 2017

Background:Proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients present with severe comminution and osteoporotic bone quality.Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has lately been proven beneficial in treating patients with complex proximal humeral fractures. The above technique is recommended and has better results in elderly than in younger individuals.Methods:We performed a literature search in the databases Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for published articles between 1970 and 2016 using the terms: proximal humerus fractures and reverse shoulder arthroplasty.Results:Significant benefits with the use of reverse prosthesis, especially in patients older than 70 years with a proximal humeral fracture, include reduced rehabilitation time as well as conservation of a fixed fulcrum for deltoid action in case of rotator cuff failure.Compared with hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation, reverse prosthesis may be particularly useful and give superior outcomes in older patients, due to comminuted fractures in osteopenic bones.However, significant disadvantages of this technique are potential complications and a demanding learning curve.Therefore, trained surgeons should follow specific indications when applying the particular treatment of proximal humeral fractures and be familiar with the surgical technique.Conclusion:Although long-term results and randomized studies for reverse prosthesis are lacking, short and mid- term outcomes have given promising results encouraging more shoulder surgeons to use this type of prosthesis in proximal humeral fractures.
Arthroscopic Findings in Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Hantes Michael , Raoulis Vasilios 
Published: March 2017

Background:In the last years, basic research and arthroscopic surgery, have improved our understanding of shoulder anatomy and pathology. It is a fact that arthroscopic treatment of shoulder instability has evolved considerably over the past decades. The aim of this paper is to present the variety of pathologies that should be identified and treated during shoulder arthroscopy when dealing with anterior shoulder instability cases.Methods:A review of the current literature regarding arthroscopic shoulder anatomy, anatomic variants, and arthroscopic findings in anterior shoulder instability, is presented. In addition, correlation of arthroscopic findings with physical examination and advanced imaging (CT and MRI) in order to improve our understanding in anterior shoulder instability pathology is discussed.Results:Shoulder instability represents a broad spectrum of disease and a thorough understanding of the pathoanatomy is the key for a successful treatment of the unstable shoulder. Patients can have a variety of pathologies concomitant with a traditional Bankart lesion, such as injuries of the glenoid (bony Bankart), injuries of the glenoid labrum, superiorly (SLAP) or anteroinferiorly (e.g. anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion, and Perthes), capsular lesions (humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament), and accompanying osseous-cartilage lesions (Hill-Sachs, glenolabral articular disruption). Shoulder arthroscopy allows for a detailed visualization and a dynamic examination of all anatomic structures, identification of pathologic findings, and treatment of all concomitant lesions.Conclusion:Surgeons must be well prepared and understanding the normal anatomy of the glenohumeral joint, including its anatomic variants to seek for the possible pathologic lesions in anterior shoulder instability during shoulder arthroscopy. Patient selection criteria, improved surgical techniques, and implants available have contributed to the enhancement of clinical and functional outcomes to the point that arthroscopic treatment is considered nowadays the standard of care.
The “Purse-string” Technique for Shoulder Stabilization, Description of the Technique, Long term Results and Literature Review
Authors: Arealis Georgios , Rodrigues Joana Bento , Hope Natalie , Levy Ofer 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Over the last 2 decades arthroscopic stabilization and Bankart repair has gained popularity due to the advances in materials and surgical techniques. Results of arthroscopic stabilization have been similar to open without the risks of it. The number of anchors used has been suggested to be very important in “spot-weld” arthroscopic stabilization however the “purse-string” technique (PST) can achieve similar results using only one anchor.
We describe technique and long term results from using the PST and search the literature for other papers regarding PST.

Methods:
Between 2003 and 2013 a total of 193 patients were operated. Patients included those with anterior instability. Using PubMed relevant studies reporting results of PST were identified.

Results:
Mean follow up was 2 (range 0.5 to 3) years. 9 (4.7%) patients experienced recurrent instability. Almost all patients (97%) returned to their sporting and leisure activities and all professional athletes went back to the same sport. One more UK centre reported 6.1% recurrence in 114 patients at 4 years follow up. These results are similar to the published 11% recurrence of instability after “spot-weld” arthroscopic techniques at 11 years clinical follow-up.

Conclusion:
This study indicates that PST is safe and effective alternative method for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability. In this technique with one anchor simultaneous repair of labrum, creation of an anterior bumper and capsular shift can be achieved. It has the advantage of being cheaper, faster yet efficient with good long term results and leaves space for revision anchors in case of recurrence.
The Relationship of Amount of Resection and Time for Recovery of Bell’s Phenomenon after Levator Resection in Congenital Ptosis
Authors: Goel Ruchi , Kishore Divya , Nagpal Smriti , Jain Sparshi , Agarwal Tushar 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Recovery of Bell`s phenomenon after levator resection is unpredicatable. Delayed recovery can result in vision threatening corneal complications.

Aim:
To study the variability of Bell’s phenomenon and time taken for its recovery following levator resection for blepharoptosis and to correlate it with the amount of resection.

Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted on 32 eyes of 32 patients diagnosed as unilateral simple congenital blepharoptosis who underwent levator resection at a tertiary care center between July 2013 and May 2015. Patients were followed up for 5 months and correction of ptosis, type of Bell`s, duration of Bell`s recovery and complications were noted.

Results:
The study group ranged from 16-25 years with 15:17 male: female ratio. There were 9 mild, 16 moderate and 7 severe ptosis. Satisfactory correction was achieved in all cases. Good Bell`s recovery occurred in 13 eyes on first post-op day, in 2-14 days in 19 eyes and 28 days in 1 eye. Inverse Bell`s was noted along with lid oedema and ecchymosis in 2 patients. Large resections (23-26mm) were associated with poor Bell`s on the first postoperative day (p=0.027, Fisher`s exact test). However, the duration required for recovery of Bell`s phenomenon did not show any significant difference with the amount of resection. (p=0.248, Mann Whitney test). Larger resections resulted in greater lagophthalmos (correlation=0.830, p<0.0001). Patients with recovery of Bell`s delayed for more than 7 days were associated with greater number of complications (p=0.001 Fisher`s Exact Test).

Conclusion:
Close monitoring for Bell`s recovery is required following levator resection.
Assessment of Dietary Supplementation in the Treatment of Vitiligo
Authors: Smith Mallory K. , Mohammad Tasneem F. , Hamzavi Iltefat H. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Vitiligo is the most common acquired pigmentary disorder in the world. Due to alterations in physical appearance, vitiligo is a psychologically devastating disease. Although treatment options exist, a cure for this disease has yet to be discovered. Of recent interest in vitiligo is the relationship between diet and disease.

Objective:
To review various dietary modifications and supplementation used in the management of vitiligo.

Materials and Methods:
A thorough evaluation of recent literature using the keywords “vitiligo, diet, supplement, antioxidant, vitamin, mineral, zinc, copper, gluten-free, celiac disease, alternative medicine” in the NCBI PubMed search function was performed.

Results:
A total of 39 relevant articles were reviewed and critically evaluated.

Conclusion:
Initial studies regarding the treatment of vitiligo through dietary modification are promising, although further studies are needed in multiple populations to explore the therapeutic value of these interventions.
Family Health Conversations have Positive Outcomes on Families - A Mixed Method Research Study
Authors: Dorell Åsa , Isaksson Ulf , Östlund Ulrika , Sundin Karin 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Having a family member living in a residential home affects the entire family and can be hard to handle. Family members require encouraging and open communication support from nurses during and after relocation to a residential home. A Family Systems Nursing intervention, “Family Health Conversations” (FamHC) was conducted in order to strengthen the health of families having relatives at residential home for older people.

Objectives:
The aims of this study were to evaluate the responses to the Family Health Conversations in families with a member living at a residential home for older people and to integrate the empirical results with a theoretical assumption upon which the intervention was based.

Methods:
A mixed methods research design was used. The Swedish Health-Related Quality of Life Survey and the Family Hardiness Index were administered before and 6 months after the intervention. Qualitative data was collected by semi-structured interviews with each family 6 months post-intervention. The sample included 10 families comprising 22 family members.

Result:
Main finding was that FamHCs helped family members process their feelings about having a member living at a residential home and made it easier for them to deal with their own situations. FamHCs helped to ease their consciences, improve their emotional well-being, and change their beliefs about their own insufficiency and guilt. Seeing problems from a different perspective facilitated the families’ thinking in a new way.

Conclusion:
These findings showed that FamHC could be an important type of intervention to improve family functioning and enhance the emotional well-being.
Vehicle-Pedestrian crashes at Intersections in Dhaka city
Authors: Rifaat Shakil Mohammad , Tay Richard , Raihan Shariar Mohammad , Fahim Abrar , Touhidduzzaman Shah Mostofa 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Pedestrians are some of the most vulnerable road users, especially in large congested cities in developing countries. In order to develop appropriate countermeasures to improve safety, research has to be conducted to understand the factors contributing to vehicle-pedestrian collisions.

Objective:
This study aims to identify the factors contributing to intersection crashes in a developing country context.

Method:
A Poisson regression model was applied to police reported crash data from the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka.

Results:
This study finds that an increase in vehicle traffic and the presence of police officer, footbridge, bus stop, solar panel and waste deposit facility were associated with an increase in the number of vehicle-pedestrian crashes, whereas an increase in pedestrian volume, roads with the same number of inbound and outbound lanes, roads with greater number of lanes, and the presence of traffic signal, commercial area or offices, speed breaker and rail crossing were associated with a reduction in the number of vehicle-pedestrian crashes.

Conclusion:
While the results of most traffic and engineering factors are consistent with those obtained in previous studies in developed countries, some of the results on human related factors and unusual road furniture are atypical and require more locally targeted countermeasures.
Estridor en neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxica sometidos a hipotermia terapéutica
Authors: Castaño-Jaramillo Lina María , Mesa-Muñoz Catalina , Giraldo-Ardila Natalia , Vásquez Trespalacios Elsa María 
Published: March 2017

Introducción: la hipotermia terapéutica para el tratamiento de la encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica ha demostrado reducción en la mortalidad y secuelas neurológicas, dentro de los eventos adversos asociados a esta terapia se ha descrito la presencia de estridor.
Objetivo: describir las características y la incidencia de estridor en un grupo de neonatos sometidos a hipotermia terapéutica para encefalopatía hipóxica.
Resultados: en 34 neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica sometidos a terapia con hipotermia en una unidad neonatal, se encontró predominio del sexo masculino y de encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica clasificación Sarnat II, de los cuales 12 neonatos (35.3 %) presentaron estridor. En total 7 de los 34 pacientes recibieron esteroide previo a la extubación y sólo 1 de ellos presentó estridor (14 %). Los pacientes que no recibieron esteroide previo a la extubación presentaron estridor en 40 % de los casos. De los pacientes que desarrollaron estridor, el 33 % requirió intubación por esta causa.
Conclusiones: nuestra serie de casos no encontró diferencias con el uso de adrenalina o esteroides previo a la extubación para la prevención de estridor en pacientes con hipotermia; además se presentaron 2 casos de estridor en pacientes sin manipulación previa de la vía aérea, lo que soporta que el mecanismo inflamatorio no es el único involucrado en el estridor en los pacientes sometidos a hipotermia terapéutica.
Costo utilidad en Colombia del uso de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales comparados con los antagonistas de la vitamina K para la prevención de discapacidad por ataque cerebrovascular en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular
Authors: Vargas-Gonzalez Juan-Camilo , Colina Murillo Maryam Natali , Fajardo Torres Jonathan Alexis Fajardo Torres 
Published: March 2017

Objetivos: establecer si en Colombia en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular (FA) el uso de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales (NACO) son costo útiles cuando se comparan con los antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK), para el desenlace de ataque cerebrovascular (ACV)
Métodos: estudio de costo utilidad, mediante un proceso de Markov, cuyo desenlace se estimó en términos de años de vida ajustados por calidad (AVAC), comparando NACO como grupo contra AVK. Se realizó revisión sistemática para obtener estudios de la literatura. Se evaluaron 4 estados que fueron: ACV, independiente, dependiente y muerte; adicionalmente se evaluaron complicaciones no cerebrales. Se simuló una cohorte, iniciando a los 60 años con un horizonte temporal de 24 años. Se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad.
Resultados: se hallaron 3 estudios que cumplían criterios de inclusión. En el análisis de costo utilidad encontramos un incremento de AVAC de 0,28 años con un costo incremental de $10.559.367 de los NACO respecto a AVK con una razón de costo efectividad incremental (RCEI) de $38.394.817, lo cual está dentro del umbral de disponibilidad a pagar. Los análisis de sensibilidad mostraron que los NACO solo se hacen costo efectiva con tasas de descuento bajas o con horizontes temporales de 19 años o más. La principal fuente de variabilidad fue el costo de los NACO
Conclusiones: los NACO son una alternativa costo útil a los AVK para pacientes con FA bajo los supuestos de nuestro modelo.
Advances in biotechnology: Genomics and genome editing
Authors: Gartland Kevan M.A. , Dundar Munis , Beccari Tommaso , Magni Mariapia Viola , Gartland Jill S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Genomics, the study of genes, their functions and related techniques has become a crucial science for developing understanding of life processes and how they evolve. Since the advent of the human genome project, huge strides have been made in developing understanding of DNA and RNA sequence information and how it can be put to good use in the biotechnology sector. Newly derived sequencing and bioinformatics tools have added to the torrent of new insights gained, so that ‘sequence once and query often’ type DNA apps are now becoming reality. Genome editing, using tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease or Cpf1 nuclease, provide rapid methods for inserting, deleting or modifying DNA sequences in highly precise ways, in virtually any animal, plant or microbial system. Recent international discussions have considered human germline gene editing, amongst other aspects of this technology. Whether or not gene edited plants will be considered as genetically modified remains an important question. This will determine the regulatory processes adopted by different groups of nations and applicability to feeding the world’s ever growing population. Questions surrounding the intellectual property rights associated with gene editing must also be resolved. Mitochondrial replacement therapy leading to ‘3-Parent Babies’ has been successfully carried out in Mexico, by an international team, to correct mother to child mitochondrial disease transmission. The UK has become the first country to legally allow ‘cautious use’ of mitochondrial donation in treatment. Genomics and genome editing will continue to advance what can be achieved technically, whilst society determines whether or not what can be done should be applied.
Applying gas chromatography to monitor extracellular free amino acids content in cultivation medium during lactic acid fermentation
Authors: Trontel Antonija , Slavica Anita , Novak Mario , Jelovac Nuša , Novak Srđan , Šantek Božidar 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The aim of this work was the adaptation of a Gas Chromatographic-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) method for detection and quantification of extracellular free amino acids in demineralized water, De Mann Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium and corn grits (CG) withdrawn during lactic acid fermentation. In order to analyze free amino acids by the GC-FID method it was necessary to convert free amino acids to volatile compounds. This was accomplished by derivatization of free amino acids with ethylchlor formate in aqueous medium followed by extraction of volatile free amino acid esters with chloroform. It was proven that the combination of derivatization and extraction procedure with developed GC-FID method gave accurate, reproducible and sensitive analytical results. Quantification of 15 (Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Asn, Met, Pro, Lys, His, Asp and Glu) out of 20 ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl esters of free amino acids in demineralized water and MRS medium was achieved by established methods. In corn grits medium all of the above mentioned 15 amino acids, except His, were quantified with this GC-FID method. The established method was efficiently verified in monitoring of extracellular free amino acid concentration during lactic acid production with Lactobacillus rhamnosus DSM 20021T in MRS medium and Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 20531T in corn grits medium.
Structures of cell-wall glycopolymers of Lactococcus lactis BIM B-1024
Authors: Zdorovenko Evelina Leont’evna , Shashkov Alexander Stepanovich , Kadykova Alexandra Alexeevna , Fakhrutdinov Artem Nikolaevich , Kiseleva Elena Pavlovna , Plotnikava Danuta Tofilevna , Novik Galina Ivanovna , Knirel Yuriy Alexandrovich 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Glycopolymers of two types were isolated from the cell wall of Lactococcus lactis BIM B-1024 by stepwise extraction with cold and hot 10% CCl3CO2H and separated by anion-exchange gel chromatography. The following structures of the glycopolymers were established by sugar analysis, dephosphorylation with 48% HF, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-MS:
β-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)┐
→4)-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ PSI
β-D-Glcp-(1→3)┐
→60-α-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)-β-D-GalpNAc-(1→5)-Rib-ol-1-P-(O→ PSII
β-D-Glcp-(1→4)┘
Polysaccharides with the same or similar structures to PSI have been found earlier in various Lactobacillus species, whereas, to our knowledge, the structure of PSII is new.
Biological effects induced by Gadolinium nanoparticles on Lymphocyte A20 cell line
Authors: Gheran Cecilia Virginia , Voicu Sorina Nicoleta , Rigaux Guillaume , Callewaert Maite , Chuburu Francoise , Dinischiotu Anca 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Gadolinium nanoparticles (GdNPs) are potential agents for MRI of lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of 1 μM, 2.5 μM and 5 μM of GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA and GdDOTP⊂CS-TPP/HA NPs on A20 lymphocyte cells exposed for 6 and 24 hours. The total cellular biomass (SRB), lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and oxidative stress parameters, such as reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were analyzed by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods. After cells exposure to 1 μM, 2.5 μM and 5 μM of GdDOTP⊂CS-TPP/HA NPs their viability decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas for GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA no significant changes were noticed. Both NPs formulations in doses of 1 μM, 2.5 μM, 5 μM did not affect the plasma membrane at each time point tested. The levels of ROS, MDA and AOPP increased proportionally with the concentration and exposure time. GSH concentration decreased significantly for all doses of both NPs tested. Taken together our data suggest that, GdDOTP⊂CS-TPP/HA and GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA NPs induced oxidative stress in A20 lymphocyte cells which was counteracted by the cells antioxidant defense system to a certain extend.
Rethinking Radical Anti-Racist Feminist Politics in a Global Neoliberal Context
Authors: Curiel Ochy , Borzone Manuela , Ponomareff Alexander 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article rethinks the challenges of radical politics within a global neoliberal context by rekindling conversations about the history of Afro-Latin American women's movements. The article explores the current economic crisis and its dehumanizing effects primarily on racialized populations, poor people, and women, and locates these groups in relation to the rise of the world-system. Likewise, it identifies the theoretical contributions made by Afrodescendant Latin American women to decolonial thought, not only in relation to the historical domination of the significance of the nation-state but, more importantly, as regards to the dependency relation of political subjects within capitalism, western modernity, European colonization, and the processes of racialization and sexualization of social relations. Acknowledging that the Afro women's movement in Latin America and the Caribbean is going through difficult times, this article considers the role of radical decolonial politics in the creation of a particular strain of thinking that would allow the movement to understand the specific configuration of these systems of domination, to overcome the binarism of theory and practice, to promote the creation of political alliances, to reconceptualize autonomy, to question essentialism, and to reconsider social class.