bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of metabolome and microbiome in a rat model of perimenopausal syndrome
Authors: Wei Yanqiu , Shi Juanjuan , Wang Jianhua , Hu Zongyan , Wang Min , Wang Wen , Cui Xiujuan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this study are to examine the disparities in serum and intestinal tissue metabolites between a perimenopausal rat model and control rats and to analyze the diversity and functionality of intestinal microorganisms to determine the potential correlation between intestinal flora and metabolites. We established a rat model of perimenopausal syndrome (PMS) and performed an integrated analysis of metabolome and microbiome. Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis scores and replacement tests indicated distinct separations of anion and cation levels between serum and intestinal samples of the model and control groups. Furthermore, lipids and lipid-like molecules constituted the largest percentage of HMDB compounds in both serum and intestinal tissues, followed by organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compounds, with other compounds showing significant variability. Moreover, analysis of diversity and functional enrichment of the intestinal microflora and correlation analysis with metabolites revealed significant variability in the composition of the intestinal flora between the normal control and perimenopausal groups, with these differentially expressed intestinal flora strongly correlated with their metabolites. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to understanding the indications and contraindications for estrogen application in perimenopausal women and to aid in the development of appropriate therapeutic agents.

IMPORTANCE
In this work, we employed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbes in stool samples. In addition, we conducted an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach on gut tissue and serum obtained from rats with perimenopausal syndrome (PMS) and healthy controls. By characterizing the composition and metabolomic properties of gut microbes in PMS rats, we aim to enhance our understanding of their role in women’s health, emphasizing the significance of regulating gut microbes in the context of menopausal women’s well-being. We aim to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PMS in terms of gut microflora as well as metabolism.
Island of Hawai‘i eruptions 2018–present: Profound landscape and human impacts
Authors: Lundblad Steven P. , Gallant Elisabeth , Zoeller Michael , Lynn Kendra J. , Flinders Ashton 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
This three-day field trip examines deposits and landscape evolution associated with recent eruptions of Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, Hawai‘i, USA, beginning with the lower East Rift Zone eruption and associated partial caldera collapse during the summer of 2018. As of this writing, there have been five eruptions within Kīlauea’s summit caldera, one eruption in the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea, and several intrusions into the south caldera and Southwest Rift Zone since 2018. For the first time since 1984, Mauna Loa erupted in 2022, with lava flows in the caldera and along the Northeast Rift Zone. Recent eruptions contrast significantly with the preceding period, characterized by Kīlauea’s long-lived East Rift Zone eruption at Pu‘u‘ō‘ō from 1983 to 2018 and sustained lava lake activity at the summit from 2008 to 2018.
Volcanism and tectonics of young basaltic fields in the eastern California shear zone, California, USA
Authors: Buesch* David C. , Miller David M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Circa 12 Ma, there was a fundamental reorganization of magmatism and tectonics in the Mojave Desert, California, USA, from basaltic to rhyolitic fields associated with extensional tectonics to dispersed basaltic monogenetic fields associated with the northwest- or east-striking strike-slip faults. The broad zone of strike-slip faults associated with the San Andreas transform margin stretched east to Arizona, but the high slip-rate central part that is known as the Quaternary eastern California shear zone is the locus of the post–12 Ma volcanism. We compiled a literature review of 29 basaltic fields, conducted detailed and reconnaissance study of several fields, and conducted geochemistry on many. Most of the volcanic fields are near or cut by the long fault systems, but more importantly, in nearly two-thirds of the fields that have scoria cones, the cones are &lt;1 km from one of these faults. Eighteen volcanic fields have geochemistry data, and of the 441 analyses of major elements, 286 are new U.S. Geological Survey data that include comprehensive trace elements. The data are used to compare fields and determine the compositional variations during the formation of each field. Comparisons between fields show that several nearby volcanic fields have similar geochemical compositions and trends compared to distant fields; we suggest that six magmatic clusters formed, some with 200–300 k.y. duration. Spatial patterns change over the 12 m.y. span, with early fields forming in the north and south and the youngest in a central area from Pisgah to Amboy fields. The volume of magma also changed, most notably with a sixfold increase ca. 4 Ma followed by a 2–3 m.y. quiescence. In addition to the fracture control provided by strike-slip faults as magma conduits, we advance arguments for shear melting in the mantle along the most active faults, with secondary controls of local tectonic interactions, to explain spatial and temporal patterns in the fields.
New models for fracture development in magmatic systems, Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, California, USA
Authors: Tikoff* Basil , Johnston Kyrsten L. , Shipley Tim , Bartley John , Becker Richard , Riley Paul 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The Late Cretaceous Tuolumne Intrusive Suite in the Sierra Nevada batholith (California, USA) has been well studied for magmatic processes. The superb alpine exposures also allow one to investigate the development of magmatic fractures in these systems. Utilizing a cognitive framework of mental models, this field trip highlights and explores three fracture types that are rarely described in the literature and appear limited to magmatic systems. The first type is tabular fracture clusters (TFCs), which are a series of closely (sub-cm) spaced, sub-parallel fractures. Most TFCs in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite strike ~020, but in some locations there is an orthogonal set that strikes ~110. Both sets have a sub-vertical dip. The second fracture type is magma-healed fractures. These fractures offset igneous features (e.g., layering), but there is no extant fault with grain-size reduction or evidence of cataclasis. Our interpretation is that these features formed while the system contained melt, and that the melt healed any brittle deformation features that may have formed. The third fracture type is primary en echelon P-fractures, recognized by the formation of epidote-filled, pull-apart zones. There are both right-lateral and left-lateral P-fracture arrays, which are spatially associated with the right-lateral Cascade Lake shear zone (part of the Sierra Crest shear zone system). These three types of fracture systems do not fit into any preexisting fault/fracture categories. These observations suggest that disciplinary categories (e.g., fault systems) may need to be expanded to form more categories (splitting). This category reorganization may be facilitated by taking a perspective that addresses both the Earth processes and mental processes that reason about them. During this two-day field trip, we will visit the tabular fracture clusters and healed magmatic fractures in Yosemite National Park, and the P-fracture arrays in the Saddlebag Lake area.
Zinc isotope perspective on global carbon cycling during the onset of the late Paleozoic icehouse
Authors: Zhong Yutian , Chen Jitao , Liu Sheng-Ao , Yuan Chengshuai , Gao Biao , Isson Terry T. , Algeo Thomas J. , Sheng Qingyi , Chen Bo , Luo Genming , Wang Xiang-dong , Qie Wenkun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The onset of the late Paleozoic icehouse coincided with a large global carbon-cycle perturbation (represented by the mid-Tournaisian carbon isotope excursion [TICE]), although the underlying cause of this isotopic event remains uncertain. Zinc (Zn), an essential micronutrient for plankton, has an isotopic composition (δ66Zn) in seawater that is sensitive to subtle fluctuations in marine carbon (C) cycling. Here, we investigated C cycling during the TICE using paired carbonate δ66Zn-δ13C and organic δ13C records from two widely spaced sections in South China. These records reveal coupling between δ66Zn and δ13C over an ~4 m.y. interval in the form of two positive excursions (Peaks I and II) separated by a negative shift (interpeak). Peak I is attributed to enhanced marine primary productivity (MPP), which was stimulated by increased micronutrient supply linked to enhanced silicate weathering and/or upwelling. The interpeak may record oxidation of remobilized organic matter from continental shelves exposed by glacio-eustatic sea-level fall, which, in turn, promoted MPP again and resulted in Peak II. Thus, the TICE records complex climate–carbon cycle feedbacks that may have led to large-scale organic carbon burial and driven stepwise cooling, marking the onset of a sustained late Paleozoic icehouse climate.
Examining the roles and relationships of actors in community health systems in Nigeria through the lens of the expanded health systems framework
Authors: Odii Aloysius , Etiaba Enyi , Onwujekwe Obinna 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCommunity health system (CHS) exists through the actions and activities of different actors within and outside communities. However, these actors, their roles and their relationships with one another have not been properly explored to understand their dynamics in facilitating the effectiveness of CHS. This study identified the actors in CHS, described their roles and their relationships with one another using the expanded health systems framework (EHSF).MethodologyData were collected using qualitative tools in three states located in three geographical zones in Nigeria. A total of 102 in-depth interviews and focus group discussions sessions were conducted, recorded and transcribed. The respondents were categorised into policy-makers, programme managers, formal health providers, informal health providers (IHPs), civil society organisations/non-governmental organisations, community leaders and community groups. The data were analysed using a thematic data analysis approach.FindingsThe study identified numerous informal health actors (IHA) within the CHS and certain actors—such as community leaders, ward development committees, IHPs and local health representatives—exhibited more pronounced actions. They were active across the EHSF, especially in leadership and governance, health workforce, service delivery and supply of medical products. The relationships and interdependencies of these actors manifest as intricately complex, united by the shared goal of enhancing health at both the household and community levels. Although their roles may not be distinctly defined, instances of active and pronounced engagement reveal the strong commitment of IHA to advocate for and facilitate health programmes at the community level.ConclusionThere is a broad spectrum of actors whose contributions are critical to the effectiveness and full functioning of CHS. Continuous engagement and defining clear roles and responsibilities for these actors could contribute to improved community health.
Association between physical activity and diabetes control: multiple cross-sectional studies and a prospective study in a population-based, Swiss cohort
Authors: VonLanthen Gaël , Marques-Vidal Pedro 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) is recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to improve their glycaemic control. We aimed to assess PA levels among participants with controlled and uncontrolled T2DM.Research design and methodsThree cross-sectional analyses of a prospective cohort conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. PA levels (sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous) were either self-reported via questionnaire (first and second survey) or objectively assessed using accelerometry (second and third survey). T2DM control was defined as glycaemia <7.0 mmol/L or glycated haemoglobin <6.5% (48 mmol/mol).ResultsData from 195 (30.3% women), 199 (30.1% women) and 151 (44.4% women) participants with T2DM were analysed in the first (2009–2012), second (2014–2017) and third (2018–2021) surveys. Approximately half of the participants did not have controlled glycaemia. Using subjective data, over 90% (first survey) and 75% (second survey) of participants reported moderate and vigorous PA >150 min/week. After multivariable adjustment, no differences were found regarding all types of self-reported PA levels between controlled and uncontrolled participants. Objective assessment of PA led to considerable differences according to the software used: 90% and 20% of participants with moderate and vigorous PA >150 min/week, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, no differences were found for all PA levels between controlled and uncontrolled participants, irrespective of the analytical procedure used. Using glycated haemoglobin, almost two-thirds of participants were considered as uncontrolled, and no differences were found for objectively assessed PA between controlled and uncontrolled participants.ConclusionsNo differences in PA levels were found between participants with controlled and uncontrolled T2DM.
Efficacy and mechanism of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for angina severity in patients with chronic coronary syndromes: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Mengqi , Zhang Ziyang , Gai Xiangmu , Li Mengyuan , Li Tie , Sun Mengmeng , He Min , Jiang Xiaobo , Zhang Chenfeng , Wang Yanxin , Wang Hongfeng 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionStimulating acupoints is beneficial for improving heart health but the clinical efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) as a complementary therapy for chronic coronary syndromes (CCSs) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate whether TEAS can alleviate angina severity in patients with CCS and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying TEAS.Methods and analysisThis study, conducted across two clinical centres, involved 90 participants distributed equally into three groups via simple randomisation (1:1:1 ratio). The research cycle was 28 weeks including a 4-week baseline, 12-week treatment and 12-week follow-up period. All groups will receive basic treatment with the TEAS group additionally receiving 36 sessions of TEAS stimulation over the 12 weeks. The two control groups will either undergo sham TEAS or no additional intervention alongside their basic treatment. The primary outcome is the 6-minute walk test; eight other indicators will serve as secondary outcomes.Ethics and disseminationApproval for this study was granted by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Third Clinical Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine in May 2023. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberChiCTR2400079383.
Do relationships between ambient temperature and serious adverse health outcomes vary among users of different antidiabetes drugs? A retrospective cohort study of US Medicaid beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Leonard Charles E , Bogar Kacie , Brensinger Colleen M , Bilker Warren B , Bell Michelle L , Flory James H , Shi Christopher , Chen Cheng , Hennessy Sean 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivePrior studies demonstrate that some untoward clinical outcomes vary by outdoor temperature. This is true of some endpoints common among persons with diabetes, a population vulnerable to climate change-associated health risks. Yet, prior work has been agnostic to the antidiabetes drugs taken by such persons. We examined whether relationships between ambient temperature and adverse health outcomes among persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) varied by exposure to different antidiabetes drugs.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingHealthcare and meteorological data from five US states, 1999–2010.ParticipantsUS Medicaid beneficiaries with T2D categorised by use of antidiabetes drugs.ExposureMaximum daily ambient temperature (t-max).OutcomesHospital presentation for serious hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or sudden cardiac arrest (examined separately).MethodsWe linked US Medicaid to US Department of Commerce data that permitted us to follow individuals longitudinally and examine health plan enrolment, healthcare claims, and meteorological exposures—all at the person-day level. We mapped daily temperature from weather stations to Zone Improvement Plan (ZIP) codes, then assigned a t-max to each person-day based on the residential ZIP code. Among prespecified subcohorts of users of different pharmacologic classes of antidiabetes drugs, we calculated age and sex-adjusted occurrence rates for each outcome by t-max stratum. We used modified Poisson regression to assess relationships between linear and quadratic t-max terms and each outcome. We examined effect modification between t-max and a covariable for current exposure to a specific antidiabetes drug and assessed significance via Wald tests.ResultsWe identified ∼3 million persons with T2D among whom 713 464 used sulfonylureas (SUs), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), meglitinides, or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs). We identified a positive linear association between t-max and serious hypoglycaemia among non-insulin users of glimepiride and of glyburide but not glipizide (Wald p value for interaction among SUs=0.048). We identified an inverse linear association between t-max and DKA among users of the DPP-4i sitagliptin (p=0.016) but not the GLP1RA exenatide (p=0.080). We did not identify associations between t-max and sudden cardiac arrest among users of SUs, meglitinides, exenatide, or DPP-4is.ConclusionsWe identified some antidiabetes drug class-specific and agent-specific differences in the relationship between ambient temperature and untoward glycaemic but not arrhythmogenic, safety outcomes.
Effectiveness of digital health exercise interventions on muscle function and physical performance in older adults with possible, confirmed or severe sarcopenia: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Shi Ya , Stanmore Emma , McGarrigle Lisa , Todd Chris 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSarcopenia is characterised by the progressive weakening of muscle function that occurs with age. This condition frequently leads to frailty, disability and even death. Research on sarcopenia prevention is growing. Digital health exercise interventions are increasingly gaining attention in this field, with the rapid advancement of the internet and the influence of the COVID-19. However, there is a lack of empirical support for their effectiveness. Our study aims to assess the effect of digital health exercise intervention on sarcopenia in older persons, specifically focusing on its ability to improve muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance.Methods and analysisSearching will be performed in the following 11 databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, WOS, Scopus, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG and VIP) for published trials and 2 trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) for unpublished trials. Google Scholar will be used to find grey literature. The criterion of inclusion will be clinical trials involving digital health exercise interventions in older adults (≥60 years) diagnosed with sarcopenia (possible, confirmed or severe sarcopenia). For data synthesis, we will use a summary table to show the major characteristics of selected trials and a summary graph to demonstrate the risk of bias for each outcome using RoB 2, which will be further discussed in a narrative synthesis. The possibility of meta-analysis for quantitative data will be assessed according to the homogeneity analysis of the trials, using the methods of fixed or random effects model. If meta-analysis is possible, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be performed as well. Publication bias will be assessed through the use of the funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test when an adequate number of trials are available. Finally, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be used to classify the certainty of evidence body into four categories (high, moderate, low and very low).Ethics and disseminationThe findings of the systematic review will be shared through publishing in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at appropriate conferences. Since we will not be using specific patient data, ethical approval is unnecessary.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024516930.
Perioperative mortality of caesarean section in North-West Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Endeshaw Amanuel Sisay , Asress Eyaya Misgan , Bayu Habtu Tsehayu , Andargie Dereje Gashaw , Molla Misganew Terefe , Dejen Eshetu Tesfaye , Kumie Fantahun Tarekegn 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess 7-day perioperative maternal mortality and risk factors at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital.DesignA single-centre prospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary hospital in North-West Ethiopia, 01 June 2019 to 30 June 2021.ParticipantsA total of 979 pregnant mothers who underwent caesarean section were enrolled in this study. Mothers who did not have cellphones and who had incorrect information for follow-up were excluded from the study.Outcome measurePerioperative death measured from intraoperative time to the seventh day following caesarean section.ResultsThe most frequent indication for caesarean section was failure to progress, followed by fetal distress and elective caesarean delivery, accounting for 40.04%, 24.72% and 20.43% of all cases, respectively. The 7-day perioperative maternal mortality rate was 1.83%. Maternal bleeding (adjusted relative risk (ARR) = 11.80; 95% CI 1.12, 124.08) and not using the WHO surgical safety checklist (ARR = 6.88; 95% CI 3.14, 15.07) were independently associated with increased risk of 7-day perioperative mortality.ConclusionIn this study, mortality after caesarean section was higher than in high-income countries. Implementation of targeted interventions focusing on the prevention and management of maternal bleeding, along with the consistent use of the WHO surgical safety checklist, could potentially contribute to improving the overall safety and outcomes of caesarean sections.