bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociation between Iron and Heme Biosyntheses Is Largely Accountable for Respiration Defects ofShewanella oneidensis furMutants
Authors: Fu Huihui , Liu Lulu , Dong Ziyang , Guo Shupan , Gao Haichun 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIron, a major protein cofactor, is essential for most organisms but can simultaneously be toxic. Iron homeostasis thus has to be effectively maintained under a range of iron regimes. This may be particularly true withShewanella oneidensis, a representative of dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB), which are capable of respiring a variety of chemicals as electron acceptors (EAs), including iron ores. Although iron respiration and its regulation have been extensively studied in this bacterium, how iron homeostasis is maintained remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the loss of the iron homeostasis master regulator Fur negatively affects the respiration of all EAs tested. This defect appears mainly to be a result of reduced cytochromec(cytc) production, despite a decrease in the expression of reductases that are under the direct control of Fur. We also show thatS. oneidensisFur interacts with canonical Fur box motifs in F-F-x-R configuration rather than the palindromic motif proposed before. Thefurmutant has lowered total iron and increased free iron contents. Under iron-rich conditions, overproduction of the major iron storage protein Bfr elevates the total iron levels of thefurmutant over those of the wild-type but does not affect free iron levels. Intriguingly, such an operation only marginally improves cytcproduction by affecting hemebbiosynthesis. It is established that iron dictates hemeb/cytcbiosynthesis inS. oneidensisfur+strains, but thefurmutation annuls the dependence of hemeb/cytcbiosynthesis on iron. Overall, our results suggest that Fur has a profound impact on the iron homeostasis ofS. oneidensis, through which many physiological processes, especially respiration, are transformed.IMPORTANCEIron reduction is a signature ofS. oneidensis, and this process relies on a large number of typeccytochromes, whichper seare iron-containing proteins. Thus, iron plays an essential and special role in iron respiration, but to date, the nature of iron metabolism and regulation of the bacterium remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated impacts of Fur, the master regulator of iron homeostasis, on respiration. The loss of Fur causes a general defect in respiration, a result of impaired cytcproduction rather than specific regulation. Additionally, thefurmutant is unresponsive to iron, resulting in imbalanced iron homeostasis and dissociation between iron and cytcproduction. These findings provide important insights into the iron biology of DMRB.
Targeting the HUβ Protein Prevents Porphyromonas gingivalis from Entering into Preexisting Biofilms
Authors: Rocco Christopher J. , Bakaletz Lauren O. , Goodman Steven D. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe oral cavity is home to a wide variety of bacterial species, both commensal, such as various streptococcal species, and pathogenic, such asPorphyromonas gingivalis, one of the main etiological agents of periodontal disease. Our understanding of how these bacteria ultimately cause disease is highly dependent upon understanding how they coexist and interact with one another in biofilm communities and the mechanisms by which biofilms are formed. Our research has demonstrated that the DNABII family of DNA-binding proteins are important components of the extracellular DNA (eDNA)-dependent matrix of bacterial biofilms and that sequestering these proteins via protein-specific antibodies results in the collapse of the biofilm structure and release of the resident bacteria. While the high degree of similarity among the DNABII family of proteins has allowed antibodies derived against specific DNABII proteins to disrupt biofilms formed by a wide range of bacterial pathogens, the DNABII proteins ofP. gingivalishave proven to be antigenically distinct, allowing us to determine if we can use anti-P. gingivalisHUβ antibodies to specifically target this species for removal from a mixed-species biofilm. Importantly, despite forming homotypic biofilmsin vitro,P. gingivalismust enter preexisting biofilmsin vivoin order to persist within the oral cavity. The data presented here indicate that antibodies derived against theP. gingivalisDNABII protein, HUβ, reduce by half the amount ofP. gingivalisorganisms entering into preexisting biofilm formed by four oral streptococcal species. These results support our efforts to develop methods for preventing and treating periodontal disease.IMPORTANCEPeriodontitis is one of the most prevalent chronic infections, affecting 40 to 50% of the population of the United States. The root cause of periodontitis is the presence of bacterial biofilms within the gingival space, withPorphyromonas gingivalisbeing strongly associated with the development of the disease. Periodontitis also increases the risk of secondary conditions and infections such as atherosclerosis and infective endocarditis caused by oral streptococci. To induce periodontitis,P. gingivalisneeds to incorporate into preformed biofilms, with oral streptococci being important binding partners. Our research demonstrates that targeting DNABII proteins with an antibody disperses oral streptococcus biofilm and preventsP. gingivalisentry into oral streptococcus biofilm. These results suggest potential therapeutic treatments for endocarditis caused by streptococci as well as periodontitis.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Two Immunochromatographic Tests Detecting Campylobacter in Stools and Their Role in Campylobacter Infection Diagnosis
Authors: Bessède Emilie , Asselineau Julien , Perez Paul , Valdenaire Guillaume , Richer Olivier , Lehours Philippe , Mégraud Francis 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

The detection of campylobacters in stools is performed essentially by culture, but this technique has a low sensitivity. New detection methods are now available. Among them, immunochromatography tests (ICTs) are very attractive in that they offer a result within 15 min. However, previous studies suggest that these tests have a relatively low specificity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of these tests. During the study period, all patients who consulted the emergency units and had a stool culture were included. Their stool samples were tested with two ICTs, Ridaquick Campylobacter and Immuno
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STAT! Campy. Stools were also tested by a home-made PCR and two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) when one of the ICTs was positive. The composite reference standard (CRS) was defined as positive if the culture was positive or, in case of a negative culture, if the PCR and one of the ELISAs were positive simultaneously. Three hundred and five patients were included. Among the 50 positive specimens with Ridaquick Campylobacter, 47 were considered true positives by the CRS, corresponding to a positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.0%. Among the 52 positive specimens with Immuno
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STAT! Campy, 44 were considered true positives by the CRS, corresponding to a PPV of 84.6%. The negative predictive values were estimated at 94.9 and 92.4% for the Ridaquick Campylobacter and Immuno
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STAT! Campy tests, respectively. ICTs appear to be very efficient and allow a very rapid detection of campylobacters, which is important for treating early campylobacter infections with an adapted antibiotherapy.
Superinfection Exclusion between Two High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types during a Coinfection
Authors: Biryukov Jennifer , Meyers Craig 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Superinfection exclusion is a common phenomenon whereby a single cell is unable to be infected by two types of the same pathogen. Superinfection exclusion has been described for various viruses, including vaccinia virus, measles virus, hepatitis C virus, influenza A virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Additionally, the mechanism of exclusion has been observed at various steps of the viral life cycle, including attachment, entry, viral genomic replication, transcription, and exocytosis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical cancer. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that up to 50% women who are HPV positive (HPV
+
) are infected with more than one HPV type. However, no mechanism of superinfection exclusion has ever been identified for HPV. Here, we show that superinfection exclusion exists during a HPV coinfection and that it occurs on the cell surface during the attachment/entry phase of the viral life cycle. Additionally, we are able to show that the minor capsid protein L2 plays a role in this exclusion. This study shows, for the first time, that superinfection exclusion occurs during HPV coinfections and describes a potential molecular mechanism through which it occurs.

IMPORTANCE
Superinfection exclusion is a phenomenon whereby one cell is unable to be infected by multiple related pathogens. This phenomenon has been described for many viruses and has been shown to occur at various points in the viral life cycle. HPV is the causative agent of cervical cancer and is involved in other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Recent epidemiological research has shown that up to 50% of HPV-positive individuals harbor more than one type of HPV. We investigated the interaction between two high-risk HPV types, HPV16 and HPV18, during a coinfection. We present data showing that HPV16 is able to block or exclude HPV18 on the cell surface during a coinfection. This exclusion is due in part to differences in the HPV minor capsid protein L2. This report provides, for the first time, evidence of superinfection exclusion for HPV and leads to a better understanding of the complex interactions between multiple HPV types during coinfections.
Progressive change in peripapillary atrophy in myopic glaucomatous eyes
Authors: Song Min Kyung , Sung Kyung Rim , Shin Joong Won , Kwon Junki , Lee Ji Yun , Park Ji Min 
Published: February 2018

AimTo evaluate the progressive change in peripapillary atrophy (PPA) according to its shape and to explore the relationship between PPA progression and glaucoma worsening in myopic eyes.MethodsA total of 159 eyes of 159 patients with myopic (axial length (AXL) >24 mm) glaucoma (mean follow-up 4.4 years, 35 eyes with minimal PPA, 40 concentric-type PPA eyes (>270° around the optic disc) and 84 eccentric-type PPA eyes (<270°)) were included. Sequential stereoscopic colour optic disc photographs were evaluated to qualitatively determine PPA progression. Factors associated with PPA progression were explored by Cox proportional hazard modelling in each PPA group.ResultsPatients with concentric PPA were older than patients with eccentric PPA (54.1±11.7 vs 44.1±11.7 years; P<0.001), and AXL was longer in the eccentric group than in the other groups (25.54±1.68 vs 25.28±1.53 vs 26.41±1.29 mm; P<0.001). Twenty-six eyes (65%) in the concentric group and 36 eyes (42.9%) in the eccentric group showed PPA progression. Older age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.059, P=0.008), worse baseline visual field mean deviation (HR 0.857, P=0.009) and greater baseline PPA area (HR 1.000, P=0.012) were associated with PPA progression in the concentric type. Glaucoma progression (HR 3.690, P=0.002) and longer AXL (HR 1.521, P=0.002) were associated with PPA progression in the eccentric type.ConclusionsRelationship between glaucoma worsening and PPA progression was strongest in myopic glaucomatous eyes with eccentric type PPA.
Sociodemographic differences in symptom severity and duration among women referred to secondary care for menorrhagia in England and Wales: a cohort study from the National Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Audit
Authors: Kiran Amit , Geary Rebecca Sally , Gurol-Urganci Ipek , Cromwell David A , Bansi-Matharu Loveleen , Shakespeare Judy , Mahmood Tahir , van der Meulen Jan 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo examine symptom severity and duration at time of referral to secondary care for heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) by socioeconomic deprivation, age and ethnicityDesignCohort analysis of data from the National HMB Audit linked to Hospital Episode Statistics data.SettingEnglish and Welsh National Health Services (secondary care): February 2011 to January 2012.Participants15 325 women aged 18–60 years in England and Wales who had a new referral for HMB to a gynaecology outpatient departmentMethodsMultivariable linear regression to calculate adjusted differences in mean symptom severity and quality of life scores at first outpatient visit. Multivariable logistic regression to calculate adjusted ORs. Adjustment for body mass index, parity and comorbidities.Primary outcome measuresMean symptom severity score (0=best, 100=worst), mean condition-specific quality of life score (0=worst, 100=best) and symptom duration (≥1 year).ResultsWomen were on average 42 years old and 12% reported minority ethnic backgrounds. Mean symptom severity and condition-specific quality of life scores were 61.8 and 34.7. Almost three-quarters of women (74%) reported having had symptoms for ≥1 year. Women from more deprived areas had more severe symptoms at their first outpatient visit (difference −6.1; 95% CI−7.2 to −4.9, between least and most deprived quintiles) and worse condition-specific quality of life (difference 6.3; 95% CI 5.1 to 7.5). Symptom severity declined with age while quality of life improved.ConclusionsWomen living in more deprived areas reported more severe HMB symptoms and poorer quality of life at the start of treatment in secondary care. Providers should examine referral practices to explore if these differences reflect women’s health-seeking behaviour or how providers decide whether or not to refer.
Better outcome from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy than skin incisions only? A sham-controlled randomised trial in patients aged 35–55 years with knee pain and an MRI-verified meniscal tear
Authors: Roos Ewa M , Hare Kristoffer Borbjerg , Nielsen Sabrina Mai , Christensen Robin , Lohmander L Stefan 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveCompare arthroscopic partial meniscectomy to a true sham intervention.MethodsSham-controlled superiority trial performed in three county hospitals in Denmark comparing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy to skin incisions only in patients aged 35–55 years with persistent knee pain and an MRI-confirmed medial meniscus lesion. A computer-generated table of random numbers generated two comparison groups. Participants and outcome assessors were blinded to group allocation. Exclusions were locking knees, high-energy trauma or severe osteoarthritis. Outcomes were collected at baseline, 3 and 24 months. We hypothesised no difference between groups. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in change from baseline to 2 years in the mean score across all five normalised Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales (KOOS5).ResultsForty-four patients (of the estimated 72) underwent randomisation; 22 in each group. Sixteen participants (36%) were non-blinded and eight participants (36%) from the sham group crossed over to the surgery group prior to the 2-year follow-up. At 2 years, both groups reported clinically relevant improvements (surgery 21.8, skin incisions only 13.6), the mean difference between groups was 8.2 in favour of surgery, which is slightly less than the cut-off of 10 prespecified to represent a clinically relevant difference; judged by the 95% CI (−3.4 to 19.8), a possibility of clinically relevant difference could not be excluded. In total, nine participants experienced 11 adverse events; six in the surgery group and three in the skin-incisions-only group.ConclusionWe found greater improvement from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy compared with skin incisions only at 2 years, with the statistical uncertainty of the between-group difference including what could be considered clinically relevant. Because of the study being underpowered, nearly half in the sham group being non-blinded and one-third crossing over to surgery, the results cannot be generalised to the greater patient population.Trial registration numberNCT01264991.
Using confirmatory factor analysis to explore associated factors of intimate partner violence in a sample of Chinese rural women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hou Fengsu , Cerulli Catherine , Wittink Marsha N, , Caine Eric D. , Qiu Peiyuan 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among a sample of rural Chinese women and to explore associated factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural areas of Guangyuan City, Sichuan, China.ParticipantsWe recruited 1501 women, aged 16 years and older, who had been living locally for at least 2 years and reported being married or in a relationship during the past 12 months. They were among a sample of 1898 potential participants from our larger parent study on the prevalence of depressive-distress symptoms.MethodsParticipants completed demographic and social economic measures, the Short Form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and the Duke Social Support Index. We applied χ2test, analysis of variance and confirmatory factor analysis for analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of IPV in the past 12 months was 29.05%; the prevalence of physical, psychological and sexual violence was 7.66%, 26.58% and 3.20%, respectively. The overall prevalence was highest among women aged 16–29 years, and was more common among those without a high school diploma and who saw their family’s financial status as very poor or stagnant. Women who were not victims of IPV had higher levels of social support. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the total effects of social support on physical, psychological and sexual violence were −0.12, –0.35 and −0.12, respectively. The indirect effects of objective economic status on physical, psychological and sexual violence were −0.047, –0.014 and −0.047, respectively, but the total effect was not significant. The indirect effect of education on psychological violence was −0.056.ConclusionIPV is common in rural Guangyuan. Our data are comparable with the findings from north-west of China. Social support is an important protective factor. Future work is needed to develop, test and later disseminate potential IPV interventions, with a focus on building actual and perceived supportive social networks.
Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis, recurrence and metastasis
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Suh Jae Hee , Choi Soo Youn , Kang Hyun Je , Lee Hwan Hee , Ye Byeong Jin , Lee Gap Ryol , Jung Seok Won , Kim Chang Jae , Lee-Kwon Whaseon , Park Jiyoung , Myung Kyungjae , Park Neung Hwa , Kwon Hyug Moo 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer with high rate of recurrence and mortality. Diverse aetiological agents and wide heterogeneity in individual tumours impede effective and personalised treatment. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) is a transcriptional cofactor for the expression of proinflammatory genes. Although inflammation is intimately associated with the pathogenesis of HCC, the role of TonEBP is unknown. We aimed to identify function of TonEBP in HCC.DesignTumours with surrounding hepatic tissues were obtained from 296 patients with HCC who received completion resection. TonEBP expression was analysed by quantitative reverse transcription–quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohfistochemical analyses of tissue microarrays. Mice with TonEBP haplodeficiency, and hepatocyte-specific and myeloid-specific TonEBP deletion were used along with HCC and hepatocyte cell lines.ResultsTonEBP expression is higher in tumours than in adjacent non-tumour tissues in 92.6% of patients with HCC regardless of aetiology associated. The TonEBP expression in tumours and adjacent non-tumour tissues predicts recurrence, metastasis and death in multivariate analyses. TonEBP drives the expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) by stimulating the promoter. In mouse models of HCC, three common sites of TonEBP action in response to diverse aetiological agents leading to tumourigenesis and tumour growth were found: cell injury and inflammation, induction by oxidative stress and stimulation of the COX-2 promoter.ConclusionsTonEBP is a key component of the common pathway in tumourigenesis and tumour progression of HCC in response to diverse aetiological insults. TonEBP is involved in multiple steps along the pathway, rendering it an attractive therapeutic target as well as a prognostic biomarker.
Estimating the international burden of sport-related death: a review of data sources
Authors: Kucera Kristen L , Fortington Lauren V , Wolff Catherine S , Marshall Stephen W , Finch Caroline F 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionDespite detailed recommendations for sports injury data capture provided since the mid-1990s, international data collection efforts for sport-related death remains limited in scope. The purpose of this paper was to review the data sources available for studying sport-related death and describe their key features, coverage, accessibility and strengths and limitations.MethodsThe outcomes of interest for this review was death occurring as a result of participation in organised sport-related activity. Data sources used to enumerate death in sport were identified, drawing from the authors’ knowledge/experience and review of key references from international organisations. The general purpose, case identification, structure, strengths and limitations of each source in relation to collection of data for sport-related death were summarised, drawing on examples from the international published literature to illustrate this application.ResultsSeven types of resources were identified for capturing deaths in sport. Data sources varied considerably in their ability to identify: participant status, sport relatedness of the death, types of sport-related deaths they capture, level of detail provided about the circumstances and medical care received. The most detailed sources were those that were dedicated to sports surveillance. Sport relatedness and type of sport may not be reliably captured by systems not dedicated to sports injury surveillance. Only one source permitted international comparisons and was limited to one sport (soccer).ConclusionData on sport-related death are currently collected across a wide variety of data sources. This review highlights the need for robust, comprehensive approaches with standardised methodologies enabling linkage between sources and international comparisons.