bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Needle Diameter on Scaffold Morphology and Strength in E-Jetted Polycaprolactone Scaffolds
Authors: Bhargav Aishwarya , Rosa Vinicius , Wen Feng Lu , Fuh Jerry Y. H. 
Published: July 2017

Electro-hydrodynamic Jetting or E-Jetting is a process in which a polymer, dissolved in a solvent and extruded through a needle onto a substrate. A potential difference is applied between the needle and the substrate to facilitate the homogeneous extrusion of the fiber. This process is used to fabricate two dimensional scaffolds with porous mesh surfaces which act as a template for cell growth. As cells are very minute and are required to attach to the surface of the scaffold, it is essential to for the scaffold to have an adequate pore size that allows for nutrient transfer while preventing the penetration of cells through the scaffold. The fiber dimensions of the scaffold may be modified by varying the diameter of the needle through which the fiber is extruded. The change in fiber diameter subsequently results in the change in the bulk mechanical characteristics of the scaffold. It also causes a change in the net porosity of the scaffold. This paper aims to study the effect of the needle diameter on the bulk mechanical properties of the scaffold such as Young’s modulus, Tensile strength and Breaking Strength as well as morphological properties (porosity and pore size) of the
Scaffolds are dependent on the cell type, as each type of cell has a different set of requirements depending on the functionality. Bone cells are smaller than soft tissue cells, hence a common scaffold design may not be suit either of the applications. Thus, a one size fits all approach is not suitable for the scaffold [9]. As seen in Figure 1, the Red Blood Cells are a fraction of the size of the fibroblasts and bone marrow stem cells [20–22]. Similarly, the stiffness of the cells is also different.
Electro Hydrodynamic Jetting (E-jetting) is a process that is used to fabricate such 2D scaffolds by extruding a polymer solution through a needle and forming a fiber by applying a scaffold. For this study, twelve scaffolds belonging to three study groups were synthesized using e-jetting. By studying the effect of needle diameter on scaffold morphology and strength, we aim to develop a co-relation between the scaffold parameters, which will ultimately help in the creation of a knowledge database. The purpose of creating this database is to choose a select needle for a selected biomedical application.
BONE HEALING PATTERNS OF INTERLOCKED INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL-FIXATED FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURES: AGE-MATCHED RADIOGRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF UNION PATTERN
Authors: Moon Myung-Sang , Kim Dong-Hyeon , Park Bong-Keun , Yoon Min-Geun 
Published: July 2017

Design: Study on the union pattern of femoral shaft fractures after interlocked intramedullary fixation. Objective: To assess the fracture healing pattern — the so-called callus types — and its formation speed, and age influence. Setting: Orthopedic and traumatic services. Material and methods: Among all the healed femoral shaft fractures, 10 patients at least in each decade from late teens to eighth decade who were regularly followed radiographically with a certain interval upto complete fracture union were chosen. Results: All the fractures healed primarily with external periosteal callus which was followed sometimes later by intercortical uniting callus with disappearance of fracture line. Conclusion: All the nailed femoral shaft fractures healed primarily by periosteal bridging callus irrespective of age, fracture type, and use of interlocking screws, though some less external callus formation after sixth decade was observed.
Spin-it
Authors: Bächer Moritz , Bickel Bernd , Whiting Emily , Sorkine-Hornung Olga 
Published: July 2017

Spinning tops and yo-yos have long fascinated cultures around the world with their unexpected, graceful motions that seemingly elude gravity. Yet, due to the exceeding difficulty of creating stably spinning objects of asymmetric shape in a manual trial-and-error process, there has been little departure from rotationally symmetric designs. With modern 3D printing technologies, however, we can manufacture shapes of almost unbounded complexity at the press of a button, shifting this design complexity toward computation.
In this article, we describe an algorithm to generate designs for spinning objects by optimizing their mass distribution: as input, the user provides a solid 3D model and a desired axis of rotation. Our approach then modifies the interior mass distribution such that the principal directions of the moment of inertia align with the target rotation frame. To create voids inside the model, we represent its volume with an adaptive multiresolution voxelization and optimize the discrete voxel fill values using a continuous, nonlinear formulation. We further optimize for rotational stability by maximizing the dominant principal moment. Our method is well-suited for a variety of 3D printed models, ranging from characters to abstract shapes. We demonstrate tops and yo-yos that spin surprisingly stably despite their asymmetric appearance.
Deprivation as Un-Experienced Harm?
Authors: Keerus Külli , Gjerris Mickey , Röcklinsberg Helena 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTom Regan encapsulated his principle of harm as a prima facie direct duty not to harm experiencing subjects of a life. However, his consideration of harm as deprivation, one example of which is loss of freedom, can easily be interpreted as a harm, which may not be experienced by its subject. This creates a gap between Regan’s criterion for moral status and his account of what our duties are. However, in comparison with three basic paradigms of welfare known in nonhuman animal welfare science, Regan’s understanding coheres with a modified version of a feelings-based paradigm: not only the immediate feelings of satisfaction, but also future opportunities to have such feelings, must be taken into account. Such an interpretation is compatible with Regan’s understanding of harm as deprivation. The potential source of confusion, however, lies in Regan’s own possible argumentative mistakes.
Borders, Affects, and Effects
Authors: Tironi Manuel , Undurraga Beltrán , Di Giminiani Piergiorgio , Rossello Diego , Schaeffer Colombina , Sepúlveda Claudia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this review, we report the main discussions and concepts debated in the workshop “Animals and Politics: Explorations for a More-Than-Human Democracy,” the first academic event on animal studies in Chile. After a brief overview of the workshop, we summarize its results by identifying three broad conversations that cut across the workshop—borders, affects, and effects.
Precipitating Quasigeostrophic Equations and Potential Vorticity Inversion with Phase Changes
Authors: Smith Leslie M. , Stechmann Samuel N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Precipitating versions of the quasigeostrophic (QG) equations are derived systematically, starting from the equations of a cloud-resolving model. The presence of phase changes of water from vapor to liquid and vice versa leads to important differences from the dry QG case. The precipitating QG (PQG) equations, in their simplest form, have two variables to describe the full system: a potential vorticity (PV) variable and a variable M including moisture effects. A PV-and-M inversion allows the determination of all other variables, and it involves an elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) that is nonlinear because of phase changes between saturated and unsaturated regions. An example PV-and-M inversion is provided for an idealized cold-core cyclone with two vertical levels. A key point illustrated by this example is that the phase interface location is unknown a priori from PV and M, and it is discovered as part of the inversion process. Several choices of a moist PV variable are discussed, including subtleties that arise because of phase changes. Boussinesq and anelastic versions of the PQG equations are described, as well as moderate and asymptotically large rainfall speeds. An energy conservation principle suggests that the model has firm physical and mathematical underpinnings. Finally, an asymptotic analysis provides a systematic derivation of the PQG equations, which arise as the limiting dynamics of a moist atmosphere with phase changes, in the limit of rapid rotation and strong stratification in terms of both potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature.
The Atmospheric Overturning Induced by Hector the Convector
Authors: Dauhut Thibaut , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Mascart Patrick , Pauluis Olivier 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The overturning of Hector the Convector, a tropical multicellular convective system of northern Australia that regularly overshoots into the stratosphere, is synthesized at the scale of a large-eddy simulation. The isentropic analysis offers the advantage of filtering out the reversible motions due to gravity waves and taking into account the turbulent fluxes that contribute to the vertical transport. Two key circulations are characterized: the troposphere deep overturning and the mass exchange due to the overshoots into the stratosphere. The transition from deep to very deep convection is associated with a change in the diabatic tendency inside the tallest updrafts: the latent heat release due to the formation of a large amount of icy hydrometeors exceeds the loss of energy due to mixing with the drier, colder air of the environment. In agreement with a previous study of Hector examining the properties of its two tallest updrafts, the entrainment rate exhibits a minimum during the very deep convection phase as low as 0.04 km−1. The overturning intensity corroborates the Eulerian computation of the vertical mass flux in the midtroposphere and in the lower stratosphere. It however gives a lower estimate of the flux in the upper troposphere, filtering out the reversible motions, and a larger estimate in the lower troposphere and at the tropopause, where slow vertical motions contribute significantly to the transport.
Bias Correction of Long-Term Satellite Monthly Precipitation Product (TRMM 3B43) over the Conterminous United States
Authors: Hashemi Hossein , Nordin Matias , Lakshmi Venkat , Huffman George J. , Knight Rosemary 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) has provided a valuable precipitation dataset for hydrometeorological studies (1998–2015). However, TMPA shows some differences when compared to the ground-based estimates. In this study, a correction model is developed to improve the accuracy of the TRMM precipitation monthly product by reducing the bias compared to the ground-based estimates. The TRMM 3B43 precipitation product is compared with the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) and with gridded precipitation estimates acquired from the CPC Unified Precipitation Project, two ground-based precipitation estimates, in the conterminous United States. The bias between the satellite and ground-based estimates is compared with mean surface temperature and elevation, respectively. A weak linear relationship is observed between the bias and temperature but a moderate inverse linear relationship is observed between the bias and elevation. Based on these observations, a linear model is developed for the TRMM 3B43–PRISM bias and elevation. The developed model is calibrated and validated using Monte Carlo cross validation with 25% of the available data as a calibration set and the remaining 75% of the data as a validation set. The estimated model parameters are then used in a correction formula for the TRMM 3B43 dataset for elevations above 1500 m above mean sea level. The corrected TRMM 3B43 product is verified for the high-elevation regions over the entire United States as well as in two high-elevation local regions in the western United States. The results show a significant improvement in the accuracy of the monthly satellite product in the high elevations of the United States.
Observational Consistency Comparison and Analyses of an X-Band Solid-State Radar and an X-Band Klystron Doppler Radar
Authors: Li Rui , He Jianxin , Tang Shunxian , Miao Fang , Fan Xingang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSolid-state weather radar transmitters offer great potential for increased reliability and maintainability, which have been proven to be critical for practical use. Although they have been implemented in radar systems, solid-state transmitters are incapable of producing as high peak power as available in klystrons. The pulse compression technique coupled with mismatched methods allows for low peak-power transmission and can improve the range-resolution and detection performance on the receiving end of a radar system. However, applying solid-state transmitters with pulse compression in weather radar systems still requires strong evidence for data reliability. With side-by-side observational experiments, this study compares a solid-state weather radar with the combined-pulse transmission mode to a close-by klystron Doppler weather radar in an attempt to 1) analyze the capability of the solid-state radar to reduce the near-range blind zone and 2) validate the quality and reliability of data from a solid-state radar that is implemented with the pulse compression technique. The data from the klystron Doppler weather radar are considered accurate and are used as a reference for quantitatively evaluating the solid-state radar data quality and reliability. Comparisons and statistics show that the observations from the solid-state radar are consistent with that from the klystron Doppler weather radar, especially in heavy rainfall. Results from the analysis indicate that the solid-state weather radar has high estimation accuracy in both near and far ranges.
Quantification of human brain PDE4 occupancy by GSK356278: A [11C](R)-rolipram PET study
Authors: van der Aart Jasper , Salinas Cristian , Dimber Rahul , Pampols-Maso Sabina , Weekes Ashley A , Tonkyn John , Gray Frank A , Passchier Jan , Gunn Roger N , Rabiner Eugenii A 
Published: July 2017

We characterized the relationship between the plasma concentration of the phospodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitor GSK356278 and occupancy of the PDE4 enzyme in the brain of healthy volunteers, using the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [11C](R)-rolipram. To this end, PET scans were acquired in eight male volunteers before and at 3 and 8 h after a single 14 mg oral dose of GSK356278. A metabolite-corrected arterial input function was used in conjunction with the dynamic PET emission data to estimate volumes of distribution (VT) from a two-tissue compartment model. The administration of GSK356278 reduced [11C](R)-rolipram whole brain VT by 17% at 3 h post-dose (p = 0.01) and by 4% at 8 h post-dose. The mean plasma Cmax was 42.3 ng/ml, leading to a PDE4 occupancy of 48% at Tmax. The in vivo affinity of GSK356278 was estimated as EC50 = 46 ± 3.6 ng/ml. We present the first report of a direct estimation of PDE4 blockade in the living human brain. In vivo affinity of GSK356278 for the PDE4, estimated in this early phase study, was combined with GSK356278 safety and tolerability data to decide on a therapeutic dose for future clinical development.
Epidemiology of Injuries Identified at the NFL Scouting Combine and Their Impact on Performance in the National Football League: Evaluation of 2203 Athletes From 2009 to 2015
Authors: Beaulieu-Jones Brendin R. , Rossy William H. , Sanchez George , Whalen James M. , Lavery Kyle P. , McHale Kevin J. , Vopat Bryan G. , Van Allen Joseph J. , Akamefula Ramesses A. , Provencher Matthew T. 
Published: July 2017

Background: At the annual National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine, the medical staff of each NFL franchise performs a comprehensive medical evaluation of all athletes potentially entering the NFL. Currently, little is known regarding the overall epidemiology of injuries identified at the combine and their impact on NFL performance. Purpose: To determine the epidemiology of injuries identified at the combine and their impact on initial NFL performance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All previous musculoskeletal injuries identified at the NFL Combine from 2009 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Medical records and imaging reports were examined. Game statistics for the first 2 seasons of NFL play were obtained for all players from 2009 to 2013. Analysis of injury prevalence and overall impact on the draft status and position-specific performance metrics of each injury was performed and compared with a position-matched control group with no history of injury or surgery. Results: A total of 2203 athletes over 7 years were evaluated, including 1490 (67.6%) drafted athletes and 1040 (47.2%) who ultimately played at least 2 years in the NFL. The most common sites of injury were the ankle (1160, 52.7%), shoulder (1143, 51.9%), knee (1128, 51.2%), spine (785, 35.6%), and hand (739, 33.5%). Odds ratios (ORs) demonstrated that quarterbacks were most at risk of shoulder injury (OR, 2.78; P = .001), while running backs most commonly sustained ankle (OR, 1.39; P = .040) and shoulder injuries (OR, 1.55; P = .020) when compared with all other players. Ultimately, defensive players demonstrated a greater negative impact due to injury than offensive players, with multiple performance metrics significantly affected for each defensive position analyzed, whereas skilled offensive players (eg, quarterbacks, running backs) demonstrated only 1 metric significantly affected at each position. Conclusion: The most common sites of injury identified at the combine were (1) ankle, (2) shoulder, (3) knee, (4) spine, and (5) hand. Overall, performance in the NFL tended to worsen with injury history, with a direct correlation found between injury at a certain anatomic location and position of play. Defensive players tended to perform worse compared with offensive players if injury history was present.
First draft genome sequence of a strain from the genus Fusibacter isolated from Salar de Ascotán in Northern Chile
Authors: Serrano Antonio E. , Escudero Lorena V. , Tebes-Cayo Cinthya , Acosta Mauricio , Encalada Olga , Fernández-Moroso Sebastián , Demergasso Cecilia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFusibacter sp. 3D3 (ATCC BAA-2418) is an arsenate-reducing halotolerant strain within the Firmicutes phylum, isolated from the Salar de Ascotán, a hypersaline salt flat in Northern Chile. This high-Andean closed basin is an athalassohaline environment located at the bottom of a tectonic basin surrounded by mountain range, including some active volcanoes. This landscape can be an advantageous system to explore the effect of salinity on microorganisms that mediate biogeochemical reactions. Since 2000, microbial reduction of arsenic has been evidenced in the system, and the phylogenetic analysis of the original community plus the culture enrichments has revealed the predominance of Firmicutes phylum. Here, we describe the first whole draft genome sequence of an arsenic-reducing strain belonging to the Fusibacter genus showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98%) with Fusibacter sp. strain Vns02. The draft genome consists of 57 contigs with 5,111,250 bp and an average G + C content of 37.6%. Out of 4780 total genes predicted, 4700 genes code for proteins and 80 genes for RNAs. Insights from the genome sequence and some microbiological features of the strain 3D3 are available under Bioproject accession PRJDB4973 and Biosample SAMD00055724. The release of the genome sequence of this strain could contribute to the understanding of the arsenic biogeochemistry in extreme environments.
Pediatric burn resuscitation: past, present, and future
Authors: Romanowski Kathleen S. , Palmieri Tina L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Burn injury is a leading cause of unintentional death and injury in children, with the majority being minor (less than 10%). However, a significant number of children sustain burns greater than 15% total body surface area (TBSA), leading to the initiation of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. These patients require IV fluid resuscitation to prevent burn shock and death. Prompt resuscitation is critical in pediatric patients due to their small circulating blood volumes. Delays in resuscitation can result in increased complications and increased mortality. The basic principles of resuscitation are the same in adults and children, with several key differences. The unique physiologic needs of children must be adequately addressed during resuscitation to optimize outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the history of fluid resuscitation, current resuscitation practices, and future directions of resuscitation for the pediatric burn population.
Versorgung von Menschen mit chronischen Wunden im Pflegeheim
Authors: Hampel-Kalthoff C. 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungAls Setting bietet das Pflegeheim für eine hochwertige Versorgung von Menschen mit chronischen Wunden im Grunde ein förderliches Umfeld. Betreuungsdichte, Voraussetzungen für hygienische Verbandswechsel und Ansatzpunkte für interprofessionelle Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit bieten gute Voraussetzungen. Gleichzeitig ist das Setting Pflegeheim gekennzeichnet von besonderen Herausforderungen: Häufige Multimorbidität und vor allem Demenzerkrankungen unter den Bewohnern, aber auch fehlende spezielle Kompetenzen im Personal, vor allem aber häufig fehlende Konzepte in den Einrichtungen sind Gründe, warum bei Pflegevisiten oft Fehl- oder Unterversorgungen zu beobachten sind. Die im Alltag zu beobachtenden Strategien unter diesen Rahmenbedingungen bleiben meist Einzelaktionen. Hierzu zählt u.a. das Hinzuziehen von Homecare-Anbietern als Berater, die sich aber durch den Verkauf von Pflegeprodukten finanzieren müssen, und somit eher zur Fokussierung auf Materialien, insbesondere Verbandsmittel, beitragen als die Versorgungsstrukturen und -prozesse insgesamt zu betrachten. Zu den zu beobachtenden Strategien zählen auch Krankenhauseinweisungen oder Versuche von Mitarbeitern der Kostenträger externe Interventionen zu initiieren. In der Regel sind diese Strategien nur begrenzt erfolgreich, weil sie Strukturen und Prozesse nicht beeinflussen, und weil sie Strategien individueller Akteure sind, jedoch nicht auf Konsens und Kooperation aller Beteiligten basieren.Für eine Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität bei Menschen mit chronischen Wunden im Pflegeheim sind aber hausinterne und interprofessionelle Konzepte erforderlich, die den Blick auf die Strukturen und Prozesse, auf Qualifikationen, Verantwortlichkeiten und Abläufe richten. Diese Konzepte sollten von Heimleitungen, Pflegefachkräften im Haus, Ärzten und externen pflegerischen Fachexperten für die Versorgung von Menschen gemeinsam entwickelt und umgesetzt werden. Die Konzepte sollten inhaltlich Qualifikationen, Zuständigkeiten und einheitliche Abläufe vorsehen und bei Bedarf die vertragliche geregelte Hinzuziehung eines unabhängigen pflegerischen Fachexperten ermöglichen, der die Pflegefachkräfte im Hause unterstützen kann.