bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Three Root-end Filling Materials
Authors: Rajbhandari Santosh Man , Pradhan Bismita 
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Reinfection of root canal treated tooth leads to endodontic failure. In such case surgical endodontic therapy is the treatment of choice which provides obturation of radicular space with 3-dimensional sealing.Objective: To evaluate and compare the sealing ability of Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with Glass ionomer cement (GIC) and Super EBA (Epoxybenzoic acid) root-end filling materials.Materials & Method: 94 extracted single rooted upper anterior teeth were selected for root canal preparation and obturation. Root were apically resected 3 mm; and 3 mm deep Class-I root-end cavities were prepared. Teeth were randomly distributed into 3 groups comprising 30 teeth in each group. Group-1 was retrofilled with MTA, Group-2 with GIC and Group-3 with Super EBA. 2 positive and 2 negative control teeth were instrumented and obturated but not filled on root-end cavity. In experimental groups and positive control group the whole surface of teeth except 3 mm adjacent to resected area were covered with twocoats of nail polish but in negative control group whole surface of teeth were covered, dried, immersed in 1% methylene blue for 72 hours. Each root was sectioned labio-lingually to the long axis of root. Depth of dye penetration was evaluated by 10x stereo-microscope.Result: MTA retrograde filling showed the best hermetic seal property whereas, few GIC and Super EBA samples showed microleakage in retrograde filling. GIC showed better sealing ability than Super EBA. Conclusion: MTA has potential to provide better hermetic-seal than GIC and Super EBA as root-end filling material.
Alexander Discipline: Concept & Philosophy
Authors: Al-Zubair Nabil Muhsen 
Published: February 2016

Due to the distinctive orthodontic treatment methodology of the Alexander Discipline; thousands of clinicians around the world perform its 20 master principles. An outgrowth of the Tweed technique, these basic principles has been established over many years in author’s own practice. This review presents evolution of the appliance, the concept of Vari-Simplex Discipline, as well as Alexander orthodontic philosophy. This paper concisely describes finishing and retention procedures in Alexander Discipline and will be of interest to anyone involved in the study and practice of orthodontics
Rapid Reactivation of Open Coil Springs: A Novel Approach
Authors: Chitra Prasad , Dahiya Sagar , Mathur Anirudh K 
Published: February 2016

A fast and simple technique for rapid reactivation of open coil springs using prefabricated self cure acrylic discs has been demostrated. Arch wire removal is not required in this technique and varying levels of reactivation are possible depending upon the clinical situation.
V-notch to Prevent Sliding of Crimpable Hook
Authors: Gyawali Rajesh , Pokharel Praphat Ranjan , Shrestha Gunjan Kumar , Giri Jamal 
Published: February 2016

En-mass retraction of anterior teeth most commonly involves the use of crimpable hooks which often dislodge when retracting force is applied. A V-notch distal to the hook may prevent such sliding when sandblasting and dental adhesives are not available
Borderline basal ganglia hemorrhage volume: patient selection for good clinical outcome after stereotactic catheter drainage
Authors: Choo Yeon Soo , Chung Joonho , Joo Jin-Yang , Kim Yong Bae , Hong Chang-Ki 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine predisposing factors for good clinical outcome in patients with spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage with borderline volumes (defined as a hematoma volume between 20 and 50 cm3) who had undergone treatment by stereotactic catheter drainage.

METHODS
From the 298 patients whose information had been prospectively collected in the institutional database between January 2010 and December 2013, 93 patients were included in this retrospective study and divided into 2 groups: best medical treatment alone (Group A, n = 44) and best medical treatment plus catheterization (Group B, n = 49). All patients met the following criteria: 1) a diagnosis of spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage, and 2) a borderline hematoma volume (20 to 50 cm3). Postoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores and recovery of motor weakness were compared between the 2 groups, and predisposing factors for good clinical outcome were evaluated.

RESULTS
Patients in Group B showed earlier recovery of motor weakness and improved mRS scores than patients in Group A. The final mRS score at 12 months was better in Group B than in Group A (p = 0.006). Predisposing factors for a good clinical outcome were a hematoma volume < 30 cm3 (OR 6.158, 95% CI 1.221–31.053, p = 0.028), an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≥ 13 (OR 6.331, 95% CI 1.129–35.507, p = 0.036), the absence of internal capsule involvement (OR 4.680, 95% CI 1.152–19.010, p = 0.031), and catheterization (OR 13.376, 95% CI 2.423–73.842, p = 0.003) based on logistic regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Good clinical outcome can be expected after stereotactic catheter drainage in patients with a hematoma volume between 20 and 30 cm3, an initial GCS score ≥ 13, and the absence of internal capsule involvement. Among these patients, stereotactic catheter drainage may have a beneficial effect on early recovery of motor weakness and functional outcome, indicating that lateral-type basal ganglia hematoma compression not involving the internal capsule may be better treated using stereotactic catheter drainage than treated medically.
The anconeus epitrochlearis muscle may protect against the development of cubital tunnel syndrome: a preliminary study
Authors: Wilson Thomas J. , Tubbs R. Shane , Yang Lynda J. S. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The authors hypothesized that when the anatomical variant of an anconeus epitrochlearis is present, the risk of developing cubital tunnel syndrome would be reduced by replacing the normal roof of the cubital tunnel (Osborne's ligament) with a more forgiving muscular structure, the anconeus epitrochlearis. The authors further hypothesized that when the presence of an anconeus epitrochlearis contributes to ulnar neuropathy, it would be secondary to muscular hypertrophy, thereby making it more likely to occur in the dominant arm. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to evaluate these hypotheses.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study was performed by reviewing the records of all adult patients who underwent operative intervention for cubital tunnel syndrome between 2005 and 2014 as the experimental group and all asymptomatic patients in the medical literature who were part of a series reporting the prevalence of an anconeus epitrochlearis as the control group. The primary outcome of interest was the presence of an anconeus epitrochlearis in asymptomatic individuals versus patients with cubital tunnel syndrome.

RESULTS
During the study period, 168 patients underwent decompression of the ulnar nerve for cubital tunnel syndrome, and an anconeus epitrochlearis was found at surgery in 9 (5.4%) patients. The control group consisted of 634 asymptomatic patients from the medical literature, and an anconeus epitrochlearis was present in 98 (15.5%) of these patients. An anconeus epitrochlearis was present significantly less frequently in the symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic individuals (p < 0.001). Among patients undergoing surgical decompression, an anconeus epitrochlearis was associated with symptoms in the dominant arm (p = 0.037).

CONCLUSIONS
The authors found that an anconeus epitrochlearis was present significantly less often in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome than in asymptomatic controls. The mechanism of protection may be that this muscle decreases the rigidity of the entrance into the cubital tunnel. When an anconeus epitrochlearis does contribute to cubital tunnel syndrome, it is significantly more likely to occur in the dominant arm, possibly due to repetitive use and hypertrophy of the anconeus epitrochlearis. The presence of an anconeus epitrochlearis may be protective against the development of cubital tunnel syndrome, although this is a preliminary finding.
Prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with sciatica
Authors: el Barzouhi Abdelilah , Verwoerd Annemieke J. H. , Peul Wilco C. , Verhagen Arianne P. , Lycklama à Nijeholt Geert J. , Van der Kallen Bas F. , Koes Bart W. , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen L. A. M. , _ _ 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of MRI variables to predict outcome in patients with herniated disc–related sciatica, and whether MRI could facilitate the decision making between early surgery and prolonged conservative care in these patients.

METHODS
A prospective observational evaluation of patients enrolled in a randomized trial with 1-year follow-up was completed. A total of 283 patients with sciatica who had a radiologically confirmed disc herniation were randomized either to surgery or to prolonged conservative care with surgery if needed. Outcome measures were recovery and leg pain severity. Recovery was registered on a 7-point Likert scale. Complete/near complete recovery was considered a satisfactory outcome. Leg pain severity was measured on a 0- to 100-mm visual analog scale. Multiple MRI characteristics of the degenerated disc herniation were independently scored by 3 spine experts. Cox models were used to study the influence of MRI variables on rate of recovery, and linear mixed models were used to determine the predictive value of MRI variables for leg pain severity during follow-up. The interaction of each MRI predictor with treatment allocation was tested. There were no study-specific conflicts of interest.

RESULTS
Baseline MRI variables associated with less leg pain severity were the reader's assessment of presence of nerve root compression (p < 0.001), and assessment of extrusion compared with protrusion of the disc herniation (p = 0.006). Both variables tended to be associated, but not significantly, with satisfactory outcome during follow-up (HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.93–2.24, and HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.96–1.61, respectively). The size of disc herniation at baseline was not associated with outcome. There was no significant change in the effects between treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS
MRI assessment of the presence of nerve root compression and extrusion of a herniated disc at baseline was associated with less leg pain during 1-year follow-up, irrespective of a surgical or conservative treatment. MRI findings seem not to be helpful in determining which patients might fare better with early surgery compared with a strategy of prolonged conservative care.
Clinical trial registration no.: ISRCTN26872154 (controlled-trials.com)
Transcriptome‐derived microsatellite markers for Dioon (Zamiaceae) cycad species
Authors: Prado Alberto , Cervantes‐Díaz Fret , Perez‐Zavala Francisco G. , González‐Astorga Jorge , Bede Jacqueline C. , Cibrián‐Jaramillo Angélica 
Published: February 2016

Premise of the study:Dioon (Zamiaceae) is an endangered North American cycad genus of evolutionary and ornamental value. We designed and validated a set of microsatellite markers from D. edule that can be used for population‐level and conservation studies, and that transferred successfully to D. angustifolium, D. spinulosum, and D. holmgrenii.Methods and Results:We tested 50 primers from 80 microsatellite candidate loci in the OneKP D. edule transcriptome. Genotypes from 21 loci in 20 D. edule individuals revealed up to 14 alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity from 0.15 to 0.92; one locus was monomorphic. Seven of those 21 loci were polymorphic in D. angustifolium, D. spinulosum, and D. holmgrenii, with up to seven alleles, and an observed heterozygosity up to 0.89.Conclusions:The transcriptome‐derived microsatellites generated here will serve as tools to advance population genetic studies and inform conservation strategies of Dioon, including the identification and origin of illegal plants in the cycad trade.
The representation of workingwomen in Spanish television fiction
Authors: Lacalle Charo , Gómez Beatriz 
Published: February 2016

During the sixties and seventies the limited presence of women in the public sphere was reflected in the restricted repertoire of roles played by female characters in television fiction (mainly those of mothers and wives). The strengthening of the feminist movement in the following decades increased and diversified the portrayals of women in the workplace, and further encouraged academic research on the social construction of working women. Despite the relevance of female professionals in current TV shows, the importance of romantic relationships and sexuality has led to a decreasing number of studies on the subject. This article summarizes the results of a study on working women in Spanish TV fiction, part of a larger project on the construction of female identities. The research uses an original methodology that combines quantitative techniques and qualitative methods (socio-semiotics) to analyse the sample of 709 female characters. The results show a coexistence of the traditional stereotypes of working women in customer service and care-giving positions with those of highly skilled female professionals. However, the empowerment of women in positions of responsibility is often associated with a negative portrayal of the character, while the problems of reconciling family and work are systematically avoided.
La reducida presencia de la mujer en la esfera pública durante los años sesenta y setenta se reflejaba en el limitado repertorio de roles (madre y esposa principalmente) que le atribuía la ficción televisiva. El impulso feminista de las décadas sucesivas estimuló las representaciones de los personajes femeninos en el ámbito laboral y la reflexión académica sobre la construcción social de la mujer trabajadora. Pero, a pesar de la relevancia del rol profesional en las protagonistas de la ficción actual, la relevancia de las relaciones sentimentales y de la sexualidad ha revertido en el reducido número de estudios sobre el tema. Este artículo sintetiza los resultados de un análisis de la mujer trabajadora en la ficción televisiva española, integrado en un proyecto sobre construcción de identidades femeninas. La investigación propone una metodología original, que combina métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos (socio-semiótica) para afrontar el estudio de 709 personajes femeninos. La investigación revela la convivencia de estereotipos ligados a las representaciones tradicionales de los empleos de las mujeres (trabajos relacionados con la atención al público y el cuidado de las personas) con otras profesiones altamente cualificadas. Sin embargo, el empoderamiento de las mujeres con cargos de responsabilidad se asocia frecuentemente con una caracterización negativa del personaje, al tiempo que los problemas de conciliación de los roles familiares y profesionales se eluden sistemáticamente.
Prétendre représenter
Authors: Dutoya Virginie , Hayat Samuel 
Published: February 2016

La notion de prétention à la représentation ( representative claim ), proposée notamment par Michael Saward, marque-t-elle un tournant constructiviste dans l’étude de la représentation politique ? L’idée selon laquelle le représentant impose une identité au représenté existait déjà chez Hobbes ou Pierre Bourdieu. Mais la théorie politique anglo-américaine, particulièrement depuis l’ouvrage de Hanna Pitkin, s’appuyait plutôt sur une conception de la représentation comme composition, le représenté préexistant à sa représentation. L’intérêt de l’approche de Saward est d’envisager les prétentions à la représentation comme des propositions qui peuvent être acceptées, refusées ou reformulées par les représentés. Les articles réunis dans ce dossier prennent cette approche au sérieux et la mettent à l’épreuve de terrains divers, faisant ressortir la performativité des prétentions à la représentation, leur caractère instituant et leur inscription dans des rapports de pouvoir.
L’ancrage social de la représentation
Authors: Sa Vilas Boas Marie-Hélène 
Published: February 2016

Comment certains acteurs construisent-ils une position de représentant dans les dispositifs participatifs brésiliens ? À partir de l’étude des conférences municipales des femmes de Recife, cet article vise à saisir le processus de construction de la représentation dans les institutions participatives. Il se distingue des approches institutionnelles souvent adoptées pour privilégier l’analyse de l’ancrage social des dispositifs. Il montre que la construction d’une position de représentant repose, d’une part, sur la transformation de relations personnalisées en un groupe de soutien et d’autre part, sur une activité de médiation entre les habitants d’un territoire et les institutions du service public.
La contribution de Gilbert Simondon au naturalisme
Authors: Carrozzini Giovanni 
Published: February 2016

Dans cet article, nous examinerons la contribution de Gilbert Simondon au naturalisme. La première partie discutera les implications non anthropocentriques et non anthropologiques du naturalisme simondonien à l’horizon du naturalisme ontologique subjectif tel que défini par Huw Price. La deuxième partie expliquera en quoi la notion de relation est complètement repensée par Simondon. La troisième partie établira une proximité entre la pensée de Simondon et de récentes hypothèses émises par des physiciens sur la gravité quantique à partir de la notion de « relation constituante ».
Techno-esthétiques ou philosophies de l’interaction : les réflexions de Gilbert Simondon et John Dewey
Authors: Binda Elisa 
Published: February 2016

En 1982, Gilbert Simondon écrit une lettre, jamais envoyée, à Jacques Derrida. Dans ces pages émerge le concept fondamental de techno-esthétique. La réflexion esthétique que Simondon y esquisse consiste en une reprise et une radicalisation de ce qu’il avait déjà théorisé dans Du mode d’existence des objets techniques, à propos du rapport très strict que l’on peut envisager entre technique et esthétique : la sensibilité humaine a toujours été connectée avec des prolongements techniques par lesquels cette sensibilité de l’individu se réorganise, tout en réorganisant ce qui l’entoure. Cet article vise à montrer que ce type de conception techno-esthétique est également présent dans certains textes de John Dewey. La convergence entre les deux auteurs s’exprime également dans leur façon de considérer le rapport, que l’on peut qualifier de co-constitution, entre l’organisme et son milieu ; tout comme pour Simondon, qui développe la notion de « milieu associé », il n’est possible, pour Dewey, de concevoir un individu qu’à partir de sa relation à un milieu. Par là, c’est le parallélisme entre les notions de « transduction » et de « transaction » qui sera à explorer.
Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Galloway Terry D. , Lamb Robert J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFive species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera): downy woodpecker (DOWO) (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n=56), hairy woodpecker (HAWO) (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n=32), pileated woodpecker (PIWO) (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n=12), northern flicker (NOFL) (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n=223), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (YBSA) (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n=192). Seven species of lice were collected (total number=40 613): Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all species of woodpeckers, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from both species of Picoides Lacépède, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from all species of woodpeckers examined except northern flickers, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flickers, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from both species of Picoides, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Prevalence for total louse infestation ranged from 32.3% to 85.7% (NOFL>YBSA>PIWO>DOWO>HAWO). Mean intensity for total lice ranged from 29.2 to 232.4 (PIWO>NOFL>HAWO>YBSA>DOWO). Infestation parameters for each louse/host combination are provided. Distribution of louse infestations was highly aggregated. In all louse/host combinations, either females were more prevalent than males or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. There was a tendency for louse species to co-occur on the same host specimen.
Presence of Concurrent Derangements of Liver Function Tests in Type 2 Diabetes and Their Relationship with Glycemic Status: A Retrospective Observational Study from Meghalaya
Authors: Bora Kaustubh , Borah Meghna , Chutia Happy , Nath Chandan Kumar , Das Dulmoni , Ruram Alice Abraham 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: The liver plays a pivotal role in carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, functional state of the liver in patients with diabetes is of interest. The objectives of the current study were to (i) identify co-existent biochemical derangements of liver function tests (LFTs) in type 2 diabetes and (ii) determine the association between liver function parameters and glycemic status in type 2 diabetics from Shillong, Meghalaya.
Materials and Methods: Data from 320 type 2 diabetes patients were screened retrospectively for abnormalities in LFTs. Relationship of fasting serum glucose was assessed with the following tests in the LFT panel: Total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and albumin. Correlation coefficient was computed between individual LFT and fasting glucose status. These bivariate analyses were supplemented by multivariate linear regression analyses.
Results: 71.25% subjects had an abnormality in at least one LFT. Elevated ALT (46.8%) and elevated ALP (48.5%) were the most common abnormality in males and females, respectively. ALP correlated positively with fasting glucose in both sexes. AST, ALT, and ALP were found to be independent determinants of glycemic status.
Conclusion: Derangements in liver function are widely co-existent in type 2 diabetics from Shillong. Deranged liver enzymes are associated with glycemic status. Screening for liver dysfunction in diabetics and subsequent workup may lead to the identification of hepatic co-morbidities and better management.
Intraoperative Squash Cytologic Features of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma
Authors: Nasit Jitendra , Vaghsiya Viren , Hiryur Srilaxmi , Patel Smita 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTSubependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a low grade (WHO Grade I) tumor, usually seen in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and commonly occurs at a lateral ventricular location. Intraoperative squash cytologic features can help in differentiating SEGA from gemistocytic astrocytoma (GA), giant cell glioblastoma and ependymoma, in proper clinical context and radiological findings, which may alter the surgical management. Here, we present a case of SEGA with squash cytologic findings and a review of cytology findings of SEGA presently available in the literature. Loose cohesive clusters of large polygonal cells containing an eccentric nucleus, evenly distributed granular chromatin, distinct to prominent nucleoli, and moderate to the abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm in a hair-like fibrillar background are the key cytologic features of SEGA. Other important features are moderate anisonucleosis and frequent binucleation and multinucleation. The absence of mitoses, necrosis, and vascular endothelial proliferation are important negative features. Other consistent features are cellular smears, few dispersed cells, few spindly strap-like cells, rare intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusion, and perivascular pseudorosettes.