bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Oncologists’ Attitudes Toward End-of-Life Care on Patients’ Access to Palliative Care
Authors: Hui David , Cerana Maria Agustina , Park Minjeong , Hess Kenneth , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background.
It is unclear how oncologists’ attitudes toward end-of-life (EOL) care affect the delivery of care. The present study examined the association between oncologists’ EOL care attitudes and (a) timely specialist palliative care referral, (b) provision of supportive care, and (c) EOL cancer treatment decisions.

Methods.
We randomly surveyed 240 oncology specialists at our tertiary care cancer center to assess their attitudes toward EOL care using a score derived from the Jackson et al. qualitative conceptual framework (0 = uncomfortable and 8 = highly comfortable with EOL care). We determined the association between this score and clinicians’ report of specialist palliative care referral, provision of supportive care, and EOL cancer treatment decisions.

Results.
Of the 182 respondents (response rate of 76%), the median composite EOL care score was 6 (interquartile range, 5–7). A higher EOL score was significantly associated with solid tumor oncology (median 7 vs. 6 for hematologic oncology; p = .003), a greater willingness to refer patients with newly diagnosed cancer to specialist palliative care (median, 7 vs. 6; p = .01), greater comfort with symptom management (median, 6 vs. 5; p = .01), and provision of counseling (median, 7 vs. 4; p &lt; .001) but not with cancer treatment decisions. We observed a gradient effect, with higher scores associated with a greater proportion of patients referred to palliative care (score 0–4, 27%; 5, 31%; 6, 32%; 7, 35%; and 8, 45%; p = .007).

Conclusion.
Greater comfort with EOL care was associated with higher rates of specialist palliative care referral and self-reported primary palliative care delivery. More support and education are needed for oncologists who are less comfortable with EOL care.
KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN PELAGIS BESAR DI KOTA AMBON
Authors: Tuhuteru Ahadar , Kusumastanto Tridoyo , Hidayat Aceng 
Published: July 2016

Ikan pelagis besar yang dominan ditangkap oleh nelayan-nelayan di Kota Ambon adalah ikan cakalang dan tuna. Kecenderungan penangkapan yang meningkat terhadap dua komoditas pelagis besar tersebut mengancam keberlanjutan sumberdayanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat alokasi optimal dan kebijakan pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar di pesisir Kota Ambon. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis bioekonomi serta Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa rente ekonomi tertinggi adalah rezim MEY yaitu Rp.11.723 juta dengan tingkat produksi sebesar 1.926 ton dan effort 2.404 trip. Tingkat produksi aktual sebesar 1.813 ton per tahun dan nilai effort 3.221 trip per tahun lebih rendah dari MSY (2.491 ton per tahun dan 4.589 trip per tahun) dengan nilai rente ekonomi Rp.2.543 juta per tahun menunjukkan kondisi sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar di Kota Ambon belum terindikasi overfishing. Para pakar (responden) menganggap kriteria ekologi memegang peranan penting dalam keberlanjutan sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar di pesisir Kota Ambon. Agar pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan pelagis besar berkelanjutan, maka arah kebijakan yang diperlukan meliputi pengaturan quota, pengembangan investasi armada tangkap pancing tonda (trolling) dibandingkan huhate (pole and line), peningkatan kapasitas SDM, manajemen usaha terpadu, dan penguatan peran lembaga sasi.<br /><br />
Dependence of Shale Permeability on Pressure
Authors: Wheaton Richard 
Published: July 2016

Summary
In this paper, an equation relating shale permeability to pressure and geomechanical properties is derived. This is important because the success of shale gas and oil developments depends on increasing fracture-based permeability with pressure caused by fluid injection. A simple equation relating shale permeability to pressure, Young's modulus (a measure of the elasticity of the shale), and Poisson's ratio is derived from the basic conservation-of-momentum equation. The use of this equation to predict shale permeability and, hence, the likely success of fracturing for any particular shale, on the basis of measured geomechanical properties is discussed.
Algorithms for In‐Season Nutrient Management in Cereals
Authors: Franzen Dave , Kitchen Newell , Holland Kyle , Schepers James , Raun William 
Published: July 2016

The demand for improved decision‐making products for cereal production systems has placed added emphasis on using plant sensors in‐season, and that incorporate real‐time, site specific, growing environments. The objectives of this work were to describe validated in‐season sensor‐based algorithms presently being used in cereal grain production systems for improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and cereal grain yields. A review of research programs in the central Great Plains that have developed sensor‐based N recommendations for cereal crops was performed. Algorithms included multiple land‐grant university, government, and industry programs. A common thread in this review is the use of active sensors, particularly those using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for quantifying differences in fertilized and non‐fertilized areas, within a specific cropping season. In‐season prediction of yield potential over different sites and years is possible using NDVI, planting date, sensing date, cumulative growing degree days (GDD), and rainfall. Other in‐season environment‐specific inputs have also been used. Early passive sensors have advanced to by‐plant N fertilization using active NDVI and by‐plant statistical properties. Most recently, sensor‐based algorithm research has focused on the development of generalized mathematical models for determining optimal crop N application. The development and promotion of fee‐based modeling approaches for nutrient management continues. Nonetheless, several algorithms using active sensors for in‐season N management are available from state and government sources at no cost and that have been extensively field tested and can be modified by producers.Core Ideas

Normalized difference vegetation index algorithms can improve fertilizer N efficiency.
Normalized difference vegetation index sensors currently sold employ these algorithms.
Algorithms rely on knowledge that increased yields increase fertilizer N demand.
Yield potential and N response are independent.
Nitrogen‐rich strips help to predict in‐season grain yields.
Costs of Mandatory Periodic Audit Partner Rotation: Evidence from Audit Fees and Audit Timeliness
Authors: Sharma Divesh S. , Tanyi Paul N. , Litt Barri A. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY
The constricted mandatory audit partner rotation rules for U.S. public companies have fueled intense debate among the profession, regulators, and policymakers. This topic remains controversial, but neither side has provided evidence of the consequential benefits and costs of mandatory rotation. While rotation effects on audit quality have been examined, we empirically examine its effects on two audit production costs: audit fees and audit timeliness. We find significantly higher audit fees and significantly longer audit report lags in the period immediately following mandatory audit partner rotation. These effects are more pronounced for non-Big 4 auditors, larger clients, and audit offices that are not industry specialists. Moreover, the audit fee and audit timeliness effects persist in successive audit partner rotations, suggesting that client-specific knowledge gained through longer audit firm engagement does not completely mitigate loss of client-specific knowledge at the partner level. Our findings provide new empirical evidence supporting the profession's arguments that mandatory audit partner rotation is costly to multiple stakeholders, including clients, auditors, and investors.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources identified in the text.
Changes in Mortality in People With IGT Before and After the Onset of Diabetes During the 23-Year Follow-up of the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study
Authors: Gong Qiuhong , Zhang Ping , Wang Jinping , An Yali , Gregg Edward W. , Li Hui , Zhang Bo , Shuai Ying , Yang Wenying , Chen Yanyan , Liu Shuqian , Engelgau Michael M. , Hu Yinghua , Bennett Peter H. , Li Guangwei 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE
People with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have increased risk of mortality and a high risk of progression to diabetes, but the extent that the excess mortality is associated with IGT per se or is the result of subsequent diabetes is unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We compared mortality before and after the development of diabetes among 542 persons with IGT initially who participated in a 6-year lifestyle diabetes prevention trial and were followed-up from 1986 to 2009.

RESULTS
During the 23-year follow-up, 174 (32.1%) died, with an overall death rate of 15.9/1,000 person-years. The majority of deaths (74.7%; 130 of 174) occurred after progression to type 2 diabetes, with age-adjusted death rates of 11.1/1,000 person-years (95% CI 8.2–12.0) before and 19.4/1,000 person-years (95% CI 11.9–23.3) after the development of type 2 diabetes. The cumulative mortality was 37.8% (95% CI 33.1–42.2%) in participants who developed type 2 diabetes during first 10 years of follow-up, 28.6% (95% CI 21.6–35.0%) in those who progressed to type 2 diabetes in 10–20 years, and 13.9% (95% CI 7.0–20.3%) in those who did not develop to type 2 diabetes within 20 years. Time-dependent multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses, with adjustment for baseline age, sex, intervention, and other potential confounding risk factors, showed that the development of type 2 diabetes was associated with a 73% higher risk of death (hazard ratio 1.73 [95% CI 1.18–2.52]).

CONCLUSIONS
As elsewhere, IGT is associated with increased risk of mortality in China, but much of this excess risk is attributable to the development of type 2 diabetes.
CONSTRAINTS ON BLACK HOLE/HOST GALAXY CO-EVOLUTION AND BINARY STALLING USING PULSAR TIMING ARRAYS
Authors: Simon Joseph , Burke-Spolaor Sarah 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Pulsar timing arrays are now setting increasingly tight limits on the gravitational wave background from binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs). But as upper limits grow more constraining, what can be implied about galaxy evolution? We investigate which astrophysical parameters have the largest impact on predictions of the strain spectrum and provide a simple framework to directly translate between measured values for the parameters of galaxy evolution and pulsar timing array (PTA) limits on the gravitational wave background of binary SMBHs. We find that the most influential observable is the relation between a host galaxy's central bulge and its central black hole,

, which has the largest effect on the mean value of the characteristic strain amplitude. However, the variance of each prediction is dominated by uncertainties in galaxy stellar mass functions. Using this framework with the best published PTA limit, we can set limits on the shape and scatter of the

relation. We find our limits to be in contention with strain predictions using two leading measurements of this relation. We investigate several possible reasons for this disagreement. If we take the

relations to be correct within a simple power-law model for the gravitational wave background, then the inconsistency is reconcilable by allowing for an additional “stalling” time between a galaxy merger and evolution of a binary SMBH to sub-parsec scales, with lower limits on this timescale of ∼1–2 Gyr.
LONG-TERM AND LARGE-SCALE HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS OF MIGRATING PLANETS
Authors: Benítez-Llambay Pablo , Ramos Ximena S. , Beaugé Cristian , Masset Frédéric S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a new method that allows for long-term and large-scale hydrodynamical simulations of migrating planets over a grid-based Eulerian code. This technique, which consists of a remapping of the disk by tracking the planetary migration, enables runs of migrating planets over a time comparable to the age of protoplanetary disks. This method also has the potential to address efficiency problems related to the migration of multi-planet systems in gaseous disks and to improve the current results of the migration of massive planets by including global viscous evolution as well as detailed studies of the co-orbital region during migration. We perform different tests using the public code FARGO3D to validate this method and compare its results with those obtained using a classical fixed grid.
LYMAN-ALPHA SPECTRA FROM MULTIPHASE OUTFLOWS, AND THEIR CONNECTION TO SHELL MODELS
Authors: Gronke M. , Dijkstra M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We perform Lyman-α (Lyα) Monte-Carlo radiative transfer calculations on a suite of 2500 models of multiphase, outflowing media, which are characterized by 14 parameters. We focus on the Lyα spectra emerging from these media and investigate which properties are dominant in shaping the emerging Lyα profile. Multiphase models give rise to a wide variety of emerging spectra, including single-, double-, and triple-peaked spectra. We find that the dominant parameters in shaping the spectra include (i) the cloud covering factor, f

c
, which is in agreement with earlier studies, and (ii) the temperature and number density of residual H i in the hot ionized medium. We attempt to reproduce spectra emerging from multiphase models with “shell models” which are commonly used to fit observed Lyα spectra, and investigate the connection between shell-model parameters and the physical parameters of the clumpy media. In shell models, the neutral hydrogen content of the shell is one of the key parameters controlling Lyα radiative transfer. Because Lyα spectra emerging from multiphase media depend much less on the neutral hydrogen content of the clumps, the shell-model parameters such as H i column density (but also shell velocity and dust content) are generally not well matched to the associated physical parameters of the clumpy media.
PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN THE ORION OMC1 REGION IMAGED WITH ALMA
Authors: Eisner J. A. , Bally J. M. , Ginsburg A. , Sheehan P. D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present ALMA observations of the Orion Nebula that cover the OMC1 outflow region. Our focus in this paper is on compact emission from protoplanetary disks. We mosaicked a field containing ∼600 near-IR-identified young stars, around which we can search for sub-millimeter emission tracing dusty disks. Approximately 100 sources are known proplyds identified with the Hubble Space Telescope. We detect continuum emission at 1 mm wavelengths toward ∼20% of the proplyd sample, and ∼8% of the larger sample of near-IR objects. The noise in our maps allows 4σ detection of objects brighter than ∼1.5 mJy, corresponding to protoplanetary disk masses larger than 1.5 M
J (using standard assumptions about dust opacities and gas-to-dust ratios). None of these disks are detected in contemporaneous CO(2-1) or C18O(2-1) observations, suggesting that the gas-to-dust ratios may be substantially smaller than the canonical value of 100. Furthermore, since dust grains may already be sequestered in large bodies in Orion Nebula cluster (ONC) disks, the inferred masses of disk solids may be underestimated. Our results suggest that the distribution of disk masses in this region is compatible with the detection rate of massive planets around M dwarfs, which are the dominant stellar constituent in the ONC.
WHERE ARE THE LOW-MASS POPULATION III STARS?
Authors: Ishiyama Tomoaki , Sudo Kae , Yokoi Shingo , Hasegawa Kenji , Tominaga Nozomu , Susa Hajime 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the number and the distribution of low-mass Population III (Pop III) stars in the Milky Way. In our numerical model, hierarchical formation of dark matter minihalos and Milky-Way-sized halos are followed by a high-resolution cosmological simulation. We model the Pop III formation in H2 cooling minihalos without metal under UV radiation of the Lyman–Werner bands. Assuming a Kroupa initial mass function (IMF) from 0.15 to 1.0 M
⊙ for low-mass Pop III stars, as a working hypothesis, we try to constrain the theoretical models in reverse by current and future observations. We find that the survivors tend to concentrate on the center of halo and subhalos. We also evaluate the observability of Pop III survivors in the Milky Way and dwarf galaxies, and constraints on the number of Pop III survivors per minihalo. The higher latitude fields require lower sample sizes because of the high number density of stars in the galactic disk, the required sample sizes are comparable in the high- and middle-latitude fields by photometrically selecting low-metallicity stars with optimized narrow-band filters, and the required number of dwarf galaxies to find one Pop III survivor is less than 10 at <100 kpc for the tip of red giant stars. Provided that available observations have not detected any survivors, the formation models of low-mass Pop III stars with more than 10 stars per minihalo are already excluded. Furthermore, we discuss the way to constrain the IMF of Pop III stars at a high mass range of ≳10 M
⊙.
A TRACER METHOD FOR COMPUTING TYPE IA SUPERNOVA YIELDS: BURNING MODEL CALIBRATION, RECONSTRUCTION OF THICKENED FLAMES, AND VERIFICATION FOR PLANAR DETONATIONS
Authors: Townsley Dean M. , Miles Broxton J. , Timmes F. X. , Calder Alan C. , Brown Edward F. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We refine our previously introduced parameterized model for explosive carbon–oxygen fusion during thermonuclear Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) by adding corrections to post-processing of recorded Lagrangian fluid-element histories to obtain more accurate isotopic yields. Deflagration and detonation products are verified for propagation in a medium of uniform density. A new method is introduced for reconstructing the temperature–density history within the artificially thick model deflagration front. We obtain better than 5% consistency between the electron capture computed by the burning model and yields from post-processing. For detonations, we compare to a benchmark calculation of the structure of driven steady-state planar detonations performed with a large nuclear reaction network and error-controlled integration. We verify that, for steady-state planar detonations down to a density of 5 × 106 g cm−3, our post-processing matches the major abundances in the benchmark solution typically to better than 10% for times greater than 0.01 s after the passage of the shock front. As a test case to demonstrate the method, presented here with post-processing for the first time, we perform a two-dimensional simulation of a SN Ia in the scenario of a Chandrasekhar-mass deflagration–detonation transition (DDT). We find that reconstruction of deflagration tracks leads to slightly more complete silicon burning than without reconstruction. The resulting abundance structure of the ejecta is consistent with inferences from spectroscopic studies of observed SNe Ia. We confirm the absence of a central region of stable Fe-group material for the multi-dimensional DDT scenario. Detailed isotopic yields are tabulated and change only modestly when using deflagration reconstruction.
A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF EFFECTS OF STELLAR ROTATION, AGE SPREAD, AND BINARIES ON COLOR–MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS WITH EXTENDED MAIN-SEQUENCE TURNOFFS
Authors: Li Zhongmu , Mao Caiyan , Zhang Liyun , Zhang Xi , Chen Li 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Stellar rotation, age spread, and binary stars are thought to be the three most possible causes of the peculiar color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of some star clusters, which exhibit extended main-sequence turnoffs (eMSTOs). The answer is far from clear. This paper studies the effects of the three above causes on the CMDs of star clusters systematically. A rapid stellar evolutionary code and a recently published database of rotational effects of single stars have been used, via an advanced stellar population synthesis technique. As a result, we find a similar result for rotation to recent works, which suggests that rotation is able to explain, at least partially, the eMSTOs of clusters, if clusters are not too old (<2.0 Gyr). In addition, an age spread of 200–500 Myr reproduces extended turnoffs for all clusters younger than 2.5 Gyr, in particular, for those younger than 2.2 Gyr. Age spread also results in extended red clumps (eRCs) for clusters younger than 0.5 Gyr. The younger the clusters, the clearer the eRC structures. Moreover, it is shown that binaries (including interactive binaries) affect the spread of MSTOs slightly for old clusters, but they can contribute to the eMSTOs of clusters younger than 0.5 Gyr. Our result suggests a possible way to disentangle the roles of stellar rotation and age spread, i.e., checking the existence of CMDs with both eMSTOs and eRCs in clusters younger than 0.5 Gyr.
STELLAR EVIDENCE THAT THE SOLAR DYNAMO MAY BE IN TRANSITION
Authors: Metcalfe Travis S. , Egeland Ricky , van Saders Jennifer 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Precise photometry from the Kepler space telescope allows not only the measurement of rotation in solar-type field stars, but also the determination of reliable masses and ages from asteroseismology. These critical data have recently provided the first opportunity to calibrate rotation–age relations for stars older than the Sun. The evolutionary picture that emerges is surprising: beyond middle-age the efficiency of magnetic braking is dramatically reduced, implying a fundamental change in angular momentum loss beyond a critical Rossby number (Ro ∼ 2). We compile published chromospheric activity measurements for the sample of Kepler asteroseismic targets that were used to establish the new rotation–age relations. We use these data along with a sample of well-characterized solar analogs from the Mount Wilson HK survey to develop a qualitative scenario connecting the evolution of chromospheric activity to a fundamental shift in the character of differential rotation. We conclude that the Sun may be in a transitional evolutionary phase, and that its magnetic cycle might represent a special case of stellar dynamo theory.
Mens sana in corpore turistico : le corps « dé-routinisé » au prisme des pratiques touristiques
Authors: Coëffé Vincent , Duhamel Philippe , Guibert Christophe , Taunay Benjamin , Violier Philippe 
Published: July 2016

Le tourisme en tant que pratique à dimension spatiale, suppose une mise à distance des lieux du quotidien. Nous questionnons ici cette discontinuité à travers le concept de « dé-routinisation » proposé par Norbert Elias. Ce dernier permet en effet de comprendre les manières dont le corps des touristes est engagé dans la pratique des lieux autres, à partir du moment où les individus y mettent à l'épreuve leurs routines. C'est ce que nous appelons, par construction d'idéaux types, les quatre corps du touriste : le corps reposé, le corps métamorphosé, le corps engagé, et le corps à corps.
Éléments de réflexion géographique à la faveur d'un cogito corporel : s'explorer, un savoir-faire géographique
Authors: Plard Mathilde 
Published: July 2016

Depuis Descartes, il s'agit de penser pour exister, cogito ergo sum . Je suggère l'hypothèse d'une autre voie dans les processus de construction identitaire, celle du corps et propose un cogito corporel, « je sens donc j'existe ». Après la mort de dieu, il revient aux individus des sociétés occidentales post-modernes de bâtir leur ontologie. Ils sont de plus en plus nombreux à mobiliser le corps comme véhicule sur cette route de soi en quête de sens. À l'ère de l'accélération du temps social et autre dématérialisation du rapport au réel, le corps pourrait devenir une clef d'accès et d'ancrage à la fois spatial et temporel au présent. Je propose de saisir ici le corps comme support de sens (véhicule kinesthésique) et vecteur de sens dans l'existence de l'homme moderne. Puisque le corps est notre moyen général d'avoir un monde, je propose l'hypothèse suivante : « si je sens et expérimente mon corps et le réel différemment, j'existe donc différemment ».