bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return to work and lost earnings after acute respiratory distress syndrome: a 5-year prospective, longitudinal study of long-term survivors
Authors: Kamdar Biren B , Sepulveda Kristin A , Chong Alexandra , Lord Robert K , Dinglas Victor D , Mendez-Tellez Pedro A , Shanholtz Carl , Colantuoni Elizabeth , von Wachter Till M , Pronovost Peter J , Needham Dale M 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundDelayed return to work is common after acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but has undergone little detailed evaluation. We examined factors associated with the timing of return to work after ARDS, along with lost earnings and shifts in healthcare coverage.MethodsFive-year, multisite prospective, longitudinal cohort study of 138 2-year ARDS survivors hospitalised between 2004 and 2007. Employment and healthcare coverage were collected via structured interview. Predictors of time to return to work were evaluated using Fine and Grey regression analysis. Lost earnings were estimated using Bureau of Labor Statistics data.ResultsSixty-seven (49%) of the 138 2-year survivors were employed prior to ARDS. Among 64 5-year survivors, 20 (31%)neverreturned to work across 5-year follow-up. Predictors of delayed return to work (HR (95% CI)) included baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index (0.77 (0.59 to 0.99) per point; p=0.04), mechanical ventilation duration (0.67 (0.55 to 0.82) per day up to 5 days; p<0.001) and discharge to a healthcare facility (0.49 (0.26 to 0.93); p=0.03). Forty-nine of 64 (77%) 5-year survivors incurred lost earnings, with average (SD) losses ranging from US$38 354 (21,533) to US$43 510 (25,753) per person per year. Jobless, non-retired survivors experienced a 33% decrease in private health insurance and concomitant 37% rise in government-funded coverage.ConclusionsAcross 5-year follow-up, nearly one-third of previously employed ARDS survivors never returned to work. Delayed return to work was associated with patient-related and intensive care unit/hospital-related factors, substantial lost earnings and a marked rise in government-funded healthcare coverage. These important consequences emphasise the need to design and evaluate vocation-based interventions to assist ARDS survivors return to work.
Healthcare resource use and costs of severe, uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma in the UK general population
Authors: Kerkhof Marjan , Tran Trung N , Soriano Joan B , Golam Sarowar , Gibson Danny , Hillyer Elizabeth V , Price David B 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundLittle is known about the prevalence of severe, uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma (SUEA) and associated costs.AimsWe sought to determine the prevalence of SUEA and compare asthma-related healthcare resource use (HCRU) and associated costs with overall means for a general asthma population.MethodsThis cohort study evaluated anonymised medical record data (December 1989 through June 2015) from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and the Optimum Patient Care Research Database to study UK patients with active asthma (diagnostic code and one or more drug prescriptions in the baseline year), aged 5 years and older, without concomitant COPD, and with recorded eosinophil count. SUEA was defined as two or more asthma attacks during 1 baseline year preceding a high blood eosinophil count (≥0.3×109/L) for patients prescribed long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) and high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) during baseline plus 1 follow-up year. We compared asthma-related HCRU and associated direct costs (2015 pounds sterling, £) during the follow-up year for SUEA versus the general asthma population.ResultsOf 363 558 patients with active asthma and recorded eosinophil count, 64% were women, mean (SD) age was 49 (21) years; 43% had high eosinophil counts, 7% had two or more attacks in the baseline year and 10% were prescribed high-dosage ICS/LABA for 2 study years. Overall, 2940 (0.81%; 95% CI 0.78% to 0.84%) patients had SUEA. Total mean per-patient HCRU and associated costs were four times greater for SUEA versus all patients (HCRU and cost ratios 3.9; 95% CI 3.7 to 4.1).ConclusionsLess than 1% of patients in a general asthma population had SUEA. These patients accounted for substantially greater asthma-related HCRU and costs than average patients with asthma.
ImmunoPET of Malignant and Normal B Cells with 89Zr- and 124I-Labeled Obinutuzumab Antibody Fragments Reveals Differential CD20 Internalization In Vivo
Authors: Zettlitz Kirstin A. , Tavaré Richard , Knowles Scott M. , Steward Kristopher K. , Timmerman John M. , Wu Anna M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Purpose: The B-cell antigen CD20 provides a target for antibody-based positron emission tomography (immunoPET). We engineered antibody fragments targeting human CD20 and studied their potential as immunoPET tracers in transgenic mice (huCD20TM) and in a murine lymphoma model expressing human CD20.
Experimental Design: Anti-CD20 cys-diabody (cDb) and cys-minibody (cMb) based on rituximab and obinutuzumab (GA101) were radioiodinated and used for immunoPET imaging of a murine lymphoma model. Pairwise comparison of obinutuzumab-based antibody fragments labeled with residualizing (89Zr) versus non-residualizing (124I) radionuclides by region of interest analysis of serial PET images was conducted both in the murine lymphoma model and in huCD20TM to assess antigen modulation in vivo.
Results: 124I-GAcDb and 124I-GAcMb produced high-contrast immunoPET images of B-cell lymphoma and outperformed the respective rituximab-based tracers. ImmunoPET imaging of huCD20TM showed specific uptake in lymphoid tissues. The use of the radiometal 89Zr as alternative label for GAcDb and GAcMb yielded greater target-specific uptake and retention compared with 124I-labeled tracers. Pairwise comparison of 89Zr- and 124I-labeled GAcDb and GAcMb allowed assessment of in vivo internalization of CD20/antibody complexes and revealed that CD20 internalization differs between malignant and endogenous B cells.
Conclusions: These obinutuzumab-based PET tracers have the ability to noninvasively and quantitatively monitor CD20-expression and have revealed insights into CD20 internalization upon antibody binding in vivo. Because they are based on a humanized mAb they have the potential for direct clinical translation and could improve patient selection for targeted therapy, dosimetry prior to radioimmunotherapy, and prediction of response to therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7242–52. ©2017 AACR.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Carboplatin in High-Dose Protocol (TI-CE) for Advanced Germ Cell Tumors: Pharmacokinetic Results of a Phase II Multicenter Study
Authors: Moeung Sotheara , Chevreau Christine , Broutin Sophie , Guitton Jérôme , Lelièvre Bénédicte , Ciccolini Joseph , Massart Christophe , Fléchon Aude , Delva Rémy , Gravis Gwenaëlle , Lotz Jean-Pierre , Bay Jacques-Olivier , Gross-Goupil Marine , Paci Angelo , Marsili Sabrina , Malard Laurence , Chatelut Etienne , Thomas Fabienne 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the performance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) approach in controlling interpatient variability of carboplatin exposure (AUC) in patients treated with TI-CE high-dose chemotherapy for advanced germ cell tumors and to assess the possibility of using a formula-based dosing method as a possible alternative.
Experimental Design: Eighty-nine patients receiving carboplatin for 3 consecutive days during 3 cycles were evaluable for pharmacokinetic study. Blood samples were taken on day 1 to determine the carboplatin clearance using a Bayesian approach (NONMEM 7.2) and to adjust the dose on day 3 to reach the target AUC of 24 mg.min/mL over 3 days. On days 2 and 3, samples were taken for retrospective assessment of the actual AUC. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was also performed on 58 patients using NONMEM to develop a covariate equation for carboplatin clearance prediction adapted for future TI-CE patients, and its performance was prospectively evaluated on the other 29 patients along with different methods of carboplatin clearance prediction.
Results: The mean actual AUC was 24.4 mg.min/mL per cycle (22.4 and 26.8 for 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively). The new covariate equation [CL (mL/min) = 130.7 × (Scr/83)−0.826 × (BW/76)+0.907 × (Age/36)−0.223 with Scr in μmol/L, BW in kilograms, age in years] allows unbiased and more accurate prediction of carboplatin clearance compared with other equations.
Conclusions: TDM allows controlling and reaching the target AUC. Alternatively, the new equation of carboplatin clearance prediction, better adapted to these young male patients, could be used if TDM cannot be implemented. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7171–9. ©2017 AACR.
Founder’s Prize for New Scholars 2016: “Looking Down Time’s Telescope at Myself”: Reincarnation and Global Futures in David Mitchell’s Fictional Worlds
Authors: Harris-Birtill Rose 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis essay explores the trope of reincarnation across the works of British author David Mitchell (b. 1969) as an alternative approach to linear temporality, whose spiralling cyclicality warns of the dangers of seeing past actions as separate from future consequences, and whose focus on human interconnection demonstrates the importance of collective, intergenerational action in the face of ecological crises. Drawing on the Buddhist philosophy of samsara, or the cycle of life, death, and rebirth, this paper identifies links between the author’s interest in reincarnation and its secular manifestation in the treatment of time in his fictions. These works draw on reincarnation in their structures and characterization as part of an ethical approach to the Anthropocene, using the temporal model of “reincarnation time” as a narrative strategy to demonstrate that a greater understanding of generational interdependence is urgently needed in order to challenge the linear “end of history” narrative of global capitalism.
A Matérn-Based Multivariate Gaussian Random Process for a Consistent Model of the Horizontal Wind Components and Related Variables
Authors: Hewer Rüdiger , Friederichs Petra , Hense Andreas , Schlather Martin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The integration of physical relationships into stochastic models is of major interest, for example, in data assimilation. Here, a multivariate Gaussian random field formulation is introduced that represents the differential relations of the two-dimensional wind field and related variables such as the streamfunction, velocity potential, vorticity, and divergence. The covariance model is based on a flexible bivariate Matérn covariance function for the streamfunction and velocity potential. It allows for different variances in the potentials, nonzero correlations between them, anisotropy, and a flexible smoothness parameter. The joint covariance function of the related variables is derived analytically. Further, it is shown that a consistent model with nonzero correlations between the potentials and positive definite covariance function is possible. The statistical model is fitted to forecasts of the horizontal wind fields of a mesoscale numerical weather prediction system. Parameter uncertainty is assessed by a parametric bootstrap method. The estimates reveal only physically negligible correlations between the potentials.
Considerations for Phased-Array Radar Data Use within the National Weather Service
Authors: Wilson Katie A. , Heinselman Pamela L. , Kuster Charles M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Thirty National Weather Service forecasters worked with 1-, 2-, and 5-min phased-array radar (PAR) volumetric updates for a variety of weather events during the 2015 Phased Array Radar Innovative Sensing Experiment. Exposure to each of these temporal resolutions during simulated warning operations meant that these forecasters could provide valuable feedback on how rapidly updating PAR data impacted their warning decision processes. To capture this feedback, forecasters participated in one of six focus groups. A series of open-ended questions guided focus group discussions, and forecasters were encouraged to share their experiences and opinions from the experiment. Transcriptions of focus group discussions were thematically analyzed, and themes belonging to one of two groups were identified: 1) forecasters’ use of rapidly updating PAR data during the experiment and 2) how forecasters envision rapidly updating PAR data being integrated into warning operations. Findings from this thematic analysis are presented in this paper, and to illustrate these findings from the forecasters’ perspectives, dialogue that captures the essence of their discussions is shared. The identified themes provide motivation to integrate rapidly updating radar data into warning operations and highlight important factors that need to be addressed for the successful integration of these data.
Durability of vapor-permeable waterproof textile materials used in sailing protective apparel
Authors: Troynikov Olga , Nawaz Nazia , Watson Chris 
Published: September 2017

Vapor-permeable waterproof textiles (VPWTs) are used in sailing apparel to protect wearers from weather and water exposure. They must also withstand knocks and abrasion. Failure of fabric waterproofing results in water intrusion, reduced thermal protection and potentially hypothermia. There are no standard methods for testing the waterproof durability of fabrics in these conditions. To evaluate waterproofing durability, we simulated high levels of wear on leading commercially available VPWT assemblies through mechanical treatment in wet conditions. To compare fabrics on multiple performance characteristics, we developed a Total Durability Penalty index associated with leaks and ruptures, weighted by failure pressure. The experiment revealed significant differences in VPWT deterioration under mechanical treatment. We determined that the mass per unit area and thickness of VPWT fabrics are positively correlated with pressure at leakage; that rupture is significantly and negatively associated with the mass per unit area and thickness of the inner and outer layers of fabric; and leakage pressure is positively correlated with the same parameters. These results show that it is important to consider wear conditions when assessing the long-term performance attributes of protective clothing assemblies.
A study of outcomes of patients treated at a UK major trauma centre for moderate or severe injuries one to three years after injury
Authors: Spreadborough Stephen , Radford Kate , das Nair Roshan , Brooks Adam , Duffy Miriam 
Published: September 2017

Objective: To assess return to work outcomes of major trauma patients treated at a level 1 UK major trauma centre and evaluate factors associated with improved outcomes. Design: Cross-sectional cohort design. Subjects: In total, 99 patients at one, two or three years post-discharge from a Major Trauma Centre with an injury severity score above 9, in full-time work or education prior to injury, aged 18–70 and discharged between April 2012 and June 2015. Main Measures: Self-report questionnaire including the Trauma Outcome Profile, the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening questionnaire and questions pertaining to work and education. Results: Of the 99 patients in full-time work pre-injury, 65 made a complete return to work, 15 made an incomplete return to work and 19 did not return to work, where incomplete return to work was defined as working below 80% of previous working hours. In all, 25 participants scored below the cut-off point on physical disabilities, 46 below the cut-off point on mental functioning and 38 below the cut-off point on social interaction. Reduced anxiety and higher mental functioning were consistently associated with complete return to work. Conclusion: In all, 66% of patients with moderate to severe injuries made a complete return to work. A range of psycho-social, physical and functional health issues were persistent at long-term follow-up.
Clinical value of the VTIQ technology in the differential diagnosis of superficially enlarged lymph nodes
Authors: Ben Zhifei , Gao Shanshan , Wu Wenjing , Chen Saijun , Fu Shuping , Zhang Jianli , Chen Yunwen 
Published: September 2017

Background Lymph node enlargement is a common clinical finding in clinical practice with different treatment strategies. Purpose To investigate the application of Virtual Touch Image Quantification (VTIQ) to diagnose benign and malignant superficial enlarged lymph nodes. Material and Methods Between December 2015 and August 2016, 116 superficial enlarged lymph nodes were examined by VTIQ. Maximum (Vmax), minimum (Vmin), and average (Vmean) shear wave velocities (SWV) were obtained from the lymph nodes and from normal muscular tissues (Vn) located at the same level and within 5 mm from the target lymph node. The pathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate VTIQ. Results All 116 patients underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy for pathological examination. Forty patients had malignant lymph nodes and 76 patients had benign lymph nodes. Lymph node characteristics on B-mode ultrasound showed no differences between malignant and benign lymph nodes, but there were differences in VTIQ parameters (all P < 0.001). Compared with pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the area under the ROC curves of Vmax, Vmin, and Vmean were 0.815, 0.746, and 0.795. The Vmax cutoff value to diagnose benign from malignant lymph nodes was 3.045 m/s. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 70%, 78.9%, 63.6%, and 83.3%. Conclusion VTIQ has a clinical application in the differential diagnosis of superficial enlarged lymph nodes.
Dr. Zakir Husain on Education and Language
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Radha Gayathri Ch. 
Published: September 2017

Dr. Zakir Husain is known as a self-less nationalist leader and also as an educationist par excellence. Taking a cue from his educational ideas like the Nai Talim, this article brings into focus his views on the medium-conundrum. Dr. Husain was very clear about the role of Indian languages and the relevance of mother tongue. He was secular to the core and from this came his support for Hindustani which was understood by both the Hindus and Muslims. Like his illustrious contemporary Dr. Ambedkar, he also thought of education as a potent tool for social justice and empowerment. His views deserve a recapitulation.
Hospital readmissions after elective lower extremity vascular procedures
Authors: Vogel Todd R , Smith Jamie B , Kruse Robin L 
Published: September 2017

Background This study evaluated risk factors associated with 30-day readmission after open and endovascular lower extremity revascularization. Methods Patients admitted with peripheral artery disease and lower extremity procedures were selected from national electronic medical record data, Cerner Health Facts® (2008–2014). Thirty-day readmission was determined. Logistic regression models identified characteristics independently associated with readmission. Results There were 2781 open and 2611 endovascular procedures. Readmission was 10.9% (9.6% open versus 12.3% endovascular, p<.0001). Greater disease severity was associated with readmission for both groups. Readmission factors for lower extremity bypass: blood transfusions (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.62–3.13), hyponatremia (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.15–2.57), heart failure (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.07–2.29), bronchodilators (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13–2.00), black race (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–1.99), and hypokalemia (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20–0.95). Readmission factors for endovascular procedures: vasodilators (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.22–2.16), end-stage renal disease (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02–2.01), fluid and electrolyte disorders (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.00–2.06), hypertension (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.99–1.76), coronary artery disease (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02–1.67), and diuretics (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.70). Conclusions Readmission after lower extremity revascularization is associated with disease severity for both procedures. Factors associated with readmission following lower extremity bypass included heart failure, transfusions, hyponatremia, black race, and bronchodilator use. Risk factors for endovascular readmissions were often chronic conditions including coronary artery disease, kidney disease, hypertension, and hypertensive medications. Awareness of risk factors may help providers identify high-risk patients who may benefit from increased surveillance and programs to lower readmission.
Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructive Surgery: What Is the Current State of Practice?
Authors: Keller Robert A. , Moutzouros Vasilios , Dines Joshua S. , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Limpisvasti Orr 
Published: September 2017

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant perioperative risk with many common orthopaedic procedures. Currently, there is no standardized recommendation for the use of VTE prophylaxis during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. This study sought to evaluate the current prophylactic practices of fellowship-trained sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons in the United States. Hypothesis: Very few surgeons use perioperative VTE prophylaxis for ACL reconstructive surgery. Study Design: Survey. Methods: Surveys were emailed to the alumni networks of 4 large ACGME-accredited sports medicine fellowship programs. Questions were focused on their current use of chemical and nonchemical VTE prophylaxis. Results: Surveys were completed by 142 surgeons in the United States, yielding a response rate of 32%. Of those who responded, 50.7% stated that they routinely use chemical prophylaxis, with 95.5% of those using aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]). There was no standardized dosing protocol, with respondents using ASA 325 mg once (46%) or twice daily (26%) or ASA 81 mg once (18%) or twice (10%) daily. The most common reason for not including chemical prophylaxis within the reconstruction procedure was that it is unnecessary given the low risk of VTE. Physicians also based their prophylaxis regimen more on their own clinical experience than concern for litigation. Conclusion: Half of all sports medicine fellowship–trained surgeons surveyed routinely use chemical VTE prophylaxis after ACL reconstruction, with more than 90% of those using ASA. Of those using ASA, there was no prevailing dosing protocol. For those not using chemical prophylaxis, the most important reason was that it was felt to be unnecessary due to the risks outweighing the benefits. Those who do not regularly use chemical prophylaxis would be willing to, however, if a patient had a personal or family history of clotting disorder or is currently on birth control. Additionally, clinical experience was the primary driver for a current prophylaxis protocol. Clinical Relevance: This survey study evaluating the use of VTE prophylaxis with ACL reconstruction lends clinical insight to the current practice of a large, geographically diverse group of fellowship-trained sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons in the United States.