bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and performance evaluation of bio-derived and synthetic carbon as lithium-sulfur battery cathode
Authors: Rao K. Sandeep , Pathak Dipa Dutta , Mandal Balaji P. , Tyagi Deepak , Sahu Ashok K. , Tyagi A. K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe next-generation of batteries need be both energy dense and environment friendly. Lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) satisfy both criteria but their practical implementation is marred by the highly resistive nature of sulfur. Carbon-based cathodes play a vital role in mitigating the issue because their high conductivity allows for effective electron transfer during electrochemical cycling. Synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of carbon-based cathodes from two different sources for LSBs was carried out. Herein, two kinds of carbon, namely bio-derived carbon from coconut shells (CC500) and N-doped carbon (NC) from polyacrylonitrile fibers were synthesized and sulfur was incorporated via the melt diffusion route. The composites are characterized by PXRD and TGA, which determined 80 wt% mass loading of sulfur. The higher intensity of G-band over D-band in Raman spectroscopy indicates greater graphitic character for CC500 compared to NC. SEM images show large macro-pore like tunnels in CC500 while NC appears are irregular chunks. EDAX spectra showed 20 wt% N content in NC while CC500 is largely carbon with some minor surface oxygen. In galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling of coin cells, bare CC500/S shows better specific capacity compared to NC/S samples but the trend flips once a separator modified with 4 mg of graphene oxide (GO) is introduced (indicated as NC/S/GO4 and CC500/S/GO4). This points towards synergy between N-doped carbon and GO layer in retaining the soluble polysulfides in the catholyte region. NC/S/GO4 exhibited better capacity i.e., 1453, 1024, 866, 787, 697 mAh/g versus 1016, 779, 672, 551, 441 mAh/g offered by CC500/S/GO4 when discharged at 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 mA/g, respectively.
Seismological monitoring of magmatic and tectonic earthquakes in the East Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany
Authors: Ritter Joachim R. R. , Koushesh Konun , Schmidt Bernd , Föst Jan-Phillip , Bühler Julian , Hensch Martin , Mader Sarah M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 2013 there were reports on exceptionally deep earthquakes in ca. 40 km depth below the intraplate East Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany. Due to this observation the regional seismological monitoring network was improved to better explore this unusual seismicity. In order to acquire the necessary instruments, financial resources, and man power, a close partnership was initiated between the local state seismological service and academic research institutions. As an outcome the seismological field experiment called Deep Eifel Earthquake Project – Tiefe Eifel Erdbeben (DEEP-TEE) was accomplished which measures high-quality ground motion recordings since 2014. These measurements are used to study deep magmatic processes around the Laacher See Volcano (LSV) which was the site of a paroxysmal eruption just 13,079 years ago. As the DEEP-TEE network is located in a region with a high cultural noise and loose sediments, a careful site selection was a major task. Here, the network design is described and its recordings are used to determine 1-D seismic velocity models (vp, vs, and vp / vs) with station delay times to relocate the seismic events. The models include a priori information from active seismic experiments, especially in the mantle, to overcome resolution problems. The new velocity models allow to (re)locate the local earthquakes with horizontal and vertical uncertainties of ca. 0.5 km and 2.0 km, respectively. A special highlight of DEEP-TEE is the frequent observation of deep low-frequency (< 10 Hz) earthquakes whose hypocentres outline an active translithospheric channel, feeding the magmatic-fluid-volatile system underneath the LSV.
Implementation of an Upflow Fixed Bed Bioreactor for Denitrification Coupled to Methane Oxidation: Performance and Biomass Development Under Anoxic Conditions
Authors: Molina-Macías Anngie K. , Londoño Yudy Andrea , Pino Nancy , Peñuela Gustavo A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDenitrification coupled to methane oxidation (DOM) has been shown to be an appropriate process for wastewater treatment applications, since it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen discharges, making wastewater treatment plants more environmentally sustainable. Study of DOM has focused on laboratory-scale application using membrane biological reactors (MBR) or sequency batch reactors (SBR), which have been shown to be able to retain DOM biomass and therefore appropriate for use with this process. However, it is necessary to expand knowledge of the behavior of this process using other configurations, with a view to scaling up. Therefore, in this study, an upflow fixed bed bioreactor (UFBR) was implemented using plastic carriers such as bioballs and Biochips® to carry out the DOM process under anoxic conditions. The reactor reached stable nitrogen removal conditions after approximately 400 days of continuous operation, forming a biomass composed of denitrifying methane-oxidizing microorganisms where the genus Anaerolinea and Methylocystis predominated. Once the biomass was formed and the DOM process was stabilized, maximum nitrite and nitrate removal rates of 17.6 mgN-NO2−/L-d and 8.9 mgN-NO3−/L-d, respectively, and a removal efficiency of methane up to 77% were obtained. This demonstrates the feasibility of the application of the DOM process under anoxic conditions using fixed bed bioreactors, which is promising for further nitrogen removal from wastewater using a varied reactor configuration easily to scaled-up.
Inhibited adipogenesis and low-grade inflammation enhance adipocyte hypertrophy in aging adipose tissue
Authors: Fang Bing , Zheng Chenyan , Ma Yumeng , Wu Fang , Cheng Le , Li Yixuan , Wang Ran , Ren Fazheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdipose tissue mass grows through an increase in the number (adipogenesis) and size (lipogenesis) of adipocytes, and these processes change with age. Visceral adiposity and increased inflammation often accompany aging. Here, we review the factors and changes that influence adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and the inflammatory microenvironment of adipose tissue during aging with a focus on adipose stem cells and immune cells. Aging-associated cellular senescence and stem cell exhaustion inhibit adipocyte renewal, leading to excessive hypertrophy and low-grade inflammation. Moreover, the different adipose stem cell types can stimulate or inhibit adipogenesis. The removal rate of triglycerides stored in adipocytes decreases with age, but the results of studies regarding changes in the related enzymes and the effects on lifespan are conflicting. Adipogenesis inhibition induced by changes in the types and proportions of cells may be the primary driving force for adipose tissue aging and thus may be a target for anti-aging therapy. Due to the similarities between obesity and aging adipose tissue, studies have previously verified the roles of adipose stem cells, senescent cells, and immune cells in obesity, whereas studies in aged adipose tissue are sparse. Future studies should address the effects of changes in adipose stem cell subtypes and immune cells on the aging of adipose tissue, which may help to develop anti-aging therapies.
Characteristics of Technological Disasters
Authors: Altintas Emel , Ataman Ali Kaan , Ongar Murat 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Disasters are the consequences of natural or technological hazards that affect a vulnerable society.1 Technological disasters are divided into three groups: industrial, transport, and miscellaneous.2,3 It is possible to determine the risks of technological disasters, to determine priorities, and to plan services by knowing this epidemiology.4 In this study, we aimed to define the distribution and characteristics of the subtypes of technological disasters in the world according to regions and years.

Methods
Our study was conducted using the international dataset at www.emdat.be/. The technological disasters between 1970 and 2020, the years they occurred, their locations (region and continent), the types of disasters, and the numbers of dead and affected were recorded.

Results
We found that the greatest number of disasters occurred between 2001 and 2010. The most common type of disaster was transportation accidents. While the continent with the most frequent disasters was Asia (3 879 [45.6%]), it was followed by Africa (2 220 [26.1%]) and South and North America (1 359 [16%]).

Conclusions
Transport accidents are the most common cause of technological disasters, and road accidents are the most common type of transport accident.
Climate Change and Disaster Mental Health: Addressing Burnout and Leveraging Wearable Technology for First Responder and the Healthcare Workforce Retention
Authors: Saltzman Leia Y. , Hansel Tonya C. , Ferreira Regardt J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Climate change has impacts that contribute to increased disasters and chronic stressors. Subsequently we are faced with the great resignation of employees in the first responder and healthcare workforces.
These industries are crucial to community recovery and there is an urgent need to understand risk and protective factors toward burnout and mental health.

Methods
We hypothesize that disaster experiences and community disruptions contribute to burnout and mental health problems among the healthcare and emergency personnel workforces. Mixed methodology was used to identify services that would support retention.

Results
As symptoms of burnout increased, mental health problems also increased. Increased burnout was associated with increased work hours per week, more hours than usual, and more traditional first responder roles. Social isolation and other trauma, such as disaster, were associated with mental health problems. Protective factors included wellbeing, connectedness, and self-care.

Conclusions
Findings support the need for services aimed at reducing negative mental health and loneliness while improving coping skills. This presentation explores the utility of artificial intelligence, such as wearable technology, to screen, triage, and provide mental health services. By leveraging technologies, we offer a plan for addressing burnout, increased retention and the future of disaster mental health.
Augmented Reality in Education
Authors: Cole Rebekah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Military Unique Curriculum at the Uniformed Services University consists of three high-fidelity simulations to prepare students for future conflicts in austere operational environments. One of these simulations, Operation Bushmaster is a five-day high-fidelity military medical field practicum (MFP) held for fourth-year military medical students and nursing students. During this simulation, students deploy to Fort Indiantown Gap, PA, where they enter the notional country of “Torbia.” Assembled in platoons, the students care for simulated critical condition patients (portrayed by first year medical students) within a stressful combat environment. In addition, while participating in Operation Bushmaster, students fill various roles relevant to their future deployments, including surgeon, platoon leader, assistant platoon leader, preventative medicine technician, ambulance team leader, and behavioral health technician while caring for simulated disease and non-battle injury patients, combat stress casualties, and combat trauma casualties in a variety of scenarios. The simulation concludes with a mass casualty event where students care for over thirty patients during a one-hour time frame. This presentation will explore the educational impact of Operation Bushmaster on student learning and readiness to deploy by describing several educational research studies conducted at Operation Bushmaster. Best practices for developing training simulations like Operation Bushmaster will be described and discussed.

Learning Objectives
Participants will identify the critical elements of high-fidelity simulations at the Uniformed Services University.
Participants will describe the impact of Operation Bushmaster on military medical trainee learning.
Participants will discuss the value of using high-fidel\ity simulation for disaster training and readiness.
Human Health Impacts of Wildland Fire
Authors: Cascio Wayne E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The confluence of extreme weather conditions and crowded forests are contributing to larger and more severe forest fires. The progressive migration of the US population into the wildland-urban-interface is placing more people in the path of wildfire, while the emissions from wildland fire are reversing historical improvements in national air quality and placing the health of people remote from the wildfire at risk. The presentation will describe the historical pattern of wildfire in the U.S., factors contributing to a significant increase recently, and projections for wildfire behavior into the future. The human health effects of wildfire will be addressed within the context of mental health issues emerging among survivors of wildfire, and health effects to exposure to emissions of firefighters, and populations at a distance. Clinical and public health recommendations for individuals and communities to protect themselves from smoke exposure will be presented.

Learning Objectives
Describe the factors that are increasing the size and severity of wildfire.
Describe actions individuals and communities can take to reduce exposure to wildfire smoke.
Describe key unanswered questions requiring new research to inform policy and decision-making by professionals charged with managing forests and environmental quality, prescribed fire, public health and healthcare.
Timings of Pre-hospital Life-saving Interventions During Mass Casualty Incidents: An Observational Simulation Pilot Study
Authors: Alruqi Fayez , Cole Elaine , Brohi Karim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This pilot study assessed the feasibility of measuring time to perform pre-identified lifesaving interventions (LSIs) used during mass-casualty incidents (MCIs).

Methods
An observational simulation study involving pre-hospital providers (PHPs) was conducted at London’s Air Ambulance training center. PHPs performed 16 basic-to-advanced LSIs and were video-recorded to capture the LSIs’ time intervals (TTs) (time from picking up equipment to completing the LSIs). TTs are reported in seconds (median and interquartile range [IQR]). Ethical approval was obtained from Queen Mary University.

Results
Seven PHCPs (five paramedics and two physicians) performed 92 LSIs, with paramedics limited to 11 LSIs due to their scope of practice. Physician-only performed LSIs had the longest TT compared to other LSIs, Rapid-sequence intubation 175.00 IQR(162.50–187.50). The longest TT in all LSIs was related to circulation support, with fluid resuscitation taking 99 IQR(88–101) for paramedics and 80 IQR(74.5–85.5) for physicians. LSIs with a median time exceeding 30 seconds were generally characterized by substantial variability, as indicated by a wide IQR.

Conclusion
This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of recording timings for LSIs. Physician-only performed LSIs had the longest TT but were more complex interventions. Further investigation within a simulated environment is planned.
Identifying Triage Determinants and Using a Novel Bayesian 3D-CNN Model for COVID-19 Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI) Triage Recommendation
Authors: Cheung Liege 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This research identified the key determinants and designed a novel Bayesian three-dimension convolution neural network (3D-CNN) for COVID-19 mass casualty incidents (MCI) triage recommendation.

Methods
109 articles between 2019 and 2022 were archived from MEDLINE databases. An empirical review and content analysis were done to find out the triage determinants and a Bayesian 3-D CNN model was designed for triage recommendation.

Results
35 out of 109 articles were used. The severity of infection (signs and symptoms of coronavirus), likelihood of spreading (attitudes of pandemic spreading, personal behaviors, and government policy), and available resources (physician and medication availability, hospital vacancy, and evacuation assets) were the identified determinants. The likelihoods of having COVID-19 were calculated with a Bayesian network based on the parameters of the three determinants, and were pre-processed for training the 3D-CNN model with the COVID19 test result, recover history, and medication outcome for “immediate (hospital admission with immediate medical care)”, “delayed (quarantine center and observation)”, “minimal (home quarantine with medication)”, “semi-minimal (home quarantine without medication)”, or “no priority (no therapeutic resources)” triage recommendation.

Conclusions
The determinants and AI model classify patients to an optimal healthcare facility for reducing disaster medicine risk. The model verification and validation were undergoing.
Supported employment as a global mental health intervention
Authors: Mascayano Franco , Drake Robert E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The global health community has recognized that social determinants of health account for most of the inequities of health outcomes, including mental health outcomes, across and within countries. Strategies to overcome such inequities must focus on modifiable social factors. In this viewpoint, we argue for the preeminence of employment among social determinants of mental health for several reasons. People with mental health disabilities want to work, and a well-validated model of supported employment that is effective and cost-effective now exists. Employment leads to improvements in income, daily structure, self-esteem, social support, community integration and illness management, and people who are employed experience fewer emergencies and hospitalizations. Employment is empowering because people can use added income to activate their own choices regarding other social determinants. Supported employment actualizes the recovery paradigm: People who are employed in competitive jobs of their choice develop a meaningful functional life, increased self-esteem and new social supports. We provide examples of supported employment developments in diverse settings and discuss the implications of scaling up these services worldwide.
An entangled memoryscape: Holocaust memory on social media
Authors: Richardson-Walden Victoria Grace , Marrison Kate 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Within Holocaust studies, there has been an increasingly uncritical acceptance that by engaging with social media, Holocaust memory has shifted from the ‘era of the witness’ to the ‘era of the user’ (Hogervorst 2020). This paper starts by problematising this proposition. This claim to a paradigmatic shift implies that (1) the user somehow replaces the witness as an authority of memory, which neglects the wealth of digital recordings of witnesses now circulating in digital spaces and (2) agency online is solely human-centric, a position that ignores the complex negotiations between corporations, individuals, and computational logics that shape our digital experiences. This article proposes instead that we take a posthumanist approach to understanding Holocaust memory on, and with, social media. Adapting Barad's (2007) work on entanglement to memory studies, we analyse two case studies on TikTok: the #WeRemember campaign and the docuseries How To: Never Forget to demonstrate: (1) the usefulness of reading Holocaust memory on social media through the lens of entanglement which offers a methodology that accounts for the complex network of human and non-human actants involved in the production of this phenomenon which are simultaneously being shaped by it. (2) That professional memory institutions and organisations are increasingly acknowledging the use of social media for the sake of Holocaust memory. Nevertheless, we observe that in practice the significance of technical actancy is still undervalued in this context.
Nationalism and Economic Modernization of China: The Chinese Masses’ Reorientation to “the Spirit of Capitalism”
Authors: Wu Zeying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Following Max Weber’s emphasis on a fundamental change in ethical values behind the modern capitalistic economy, this paper offers an ideational explanation for China’s economic modernization since 1978. It argues that China’s economic reform, which first and foremost changed the official rhetoric about profit-making, endowed the economic preoccupations of ordinary people with a special dignity. Since then, the Chinese masses have been allowed to proudly connect their personal prosperity with China’s national wealth and international status. This dignifying connection, in turn, led them to invest in sustaining the growth of their personal prosperity and national wealth. In other words, it converted the Chinese masses to economic nationalism that prioritized economic development as the chief means for the achievement of China’s glory. The conversion of the Chinese masses to economic nationalism marked the Chinese society’s reorientation to “the spirit of capitalism,” hence China’s economic modernization.
The Tracking Tapered Gridded Estimator for the 21-cm power spectrum from MWA drift scan observations I: Validation and preliminary results
Authors: Chatterjee Suman , Elahi Khandakar Md Asif , Bharadwaj Somnath , Sarkar Shouvik , Choudhuri Samir , Sethi Shiv K. , Patwa Akash Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Drift scan observations provide the broad sky coverage and instrumental stability needed to measure the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) 21-cm signal. In such observations, the telescope’s pointing centre (PC) moves continuously on the sky. The Tracking Tapered Gridded Estimator (TTGE) combines observations from different PC to estimate

$P(k_{\perp}, k_{\parallel})$

the 21-cm power spectrum, centred on a tracking centre (TC) which remains fixed on the sky. The tapering further restricts the sky response to a small angular region around TC, thereby mitigating wide-field foregrounds. Here we consider

$154.2\,\mathrm{MHz}$

(

$z = 8.2$

) Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) drift scan observations. The periodic pattern of flagged channels, present in MWA data, is known to introduce artefacts which pose a challenge for estimating

$P(k_{\perp}, k_{\parallel})$

. Here we have validated the TTGE using simulated MWA drift scan observations which incorporate the flagged channels same as the data. We demonstrate that the TTGE is able to recover

$P(k_{\perp}, k_{\parallel})$

without any artefacts and estimate

$P(k)$

within

$5 \%$

accuracy over a large

$k$

-range. We also present preliminary results for a single PC, combining 9 nights of observation

$(17 \, \mathrm{min}$

total). We find that

$P(k_{\perp}, k_{\parallel})$

exhibits streaks at a fixed interval of

$k_{\parallel}=0.29 \, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$

, which matches

$\Delta \nu_\mathrm{per}=1.28 \, \mathrm{MHz}$

that is the period of the flagged channels. Since the simulations demonstrate that the TTGE is impervious to the flagged channels, the streaks seen for the actual data are possibly caused by some systematic that has the same period as the flagged channels. These streaks are more than 3–4 orders of magnitude smaller than the peak foreground power

$\mid P(k_{\perp}, k_{\parallel}) \mid \approx 10^{16} \, \mathrm{mK^2}\, \mathrm{Mpc^3}$

at

$k_{\parallel}=0$

. The streaks are not as pronounced at larger

$k_{\parallel}$

, and in some cases they do not appear to extend across the entire

$k_{\perp}$

range. The rectangular region

$0.05 \leq k_{\perp} \leq 0.16 \, \mathrm{Mpc^{-1}}$

and

$0.9 \leq k_{\parallel}\leq 4.6 \, \mathrm{Mpc^{-1}}$

is found to be relatively free of foreground contamination and artefacts, and we have used this to place the

$2\unicode{x03C3}$

upper limit

$\Delta^2(k) < (1.85\times10^4)^2\, \mathrm{mK^2}$

on the EoR 21-cm mean squared brightness temperature fluctuations at

$k=1 \,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$

.