bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional values and career choice of nursing students
Authors: Alkaya Sultan Ayaz , Yaman Şengül , Simones Joyce 
Published: May 2017

Background and aim: Professional values are abstract and general behavioral principles that provide basic standards to judge aims and actions, and these principles are formed by strong emotional loyalty of members of the profession. Research was conducted to compare the career choice and professional values of nursing students at two universities in the upper Midwest of the United States and in the middle of Turkey. Materials and Methods: A descriptive and comparative design was used. The participants of the study were comprised nursing students from a university in the upper Midwest of United States and a university in the middle of Turkey. The sample consisted of 728 students in all grades. Data were collected by a questionnaire, The Nurses Professional Values Scale–Revised and Vocational Choices in Entering Nursing Scale. Number, percentage distribution, mean, standard deviation, t test, and one-way variance analysis were used in the analysis of data. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Commission. Informed consent was received from the students. Results: The students’ mean age for American students was 24.3 ± 5.6 years, while the mean age for Turkish students was 19.8 ± 1.7 years. Mean score of American students on The Vocational Congruency (a subgroup of the Vocational Choices in Entering Nursing Scale) was 38.5 ± 5.9 and Turkish students was 29.6 ± 8.9 (p < 0.05). Mean score of American students on The Nurses Professional Values Scale–Revised was 109.2 ± 12.3 and that of Turkish students was 101.6 ± 17.0. Conclusion: This study concluded that the majority of nursing students had high professional values, and when students’ scores were compared, American students had higher professional values, and in career choice, they considered primarily fitness of the profession to themselves and their goals, while Turkish students primarily thought of their living conditions.
Quadriceps Strength in Patients With Isolated Cartilage Defects of the Knee: Results of Isokinetic Strength Measurements and Their Correlation With Clinical and Functional Results
Authors: Hirschmüller Anja , Andres Tasja , Schoch Wolfgang , Baur Heiner , Konstantinidis Lukas , Südkamp Norbert P. , Niemeyer Philipp 
Published: May 2017

Background: Recent studies have found a significant deficit of maximum quadriceps strength after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) of the knee. However, it is unclear whether muscular strength deficits in patients with cartilage damage exist prior to operative treatment. Purpose: To isokinetically test maximum quadriceps muscle strength and quantify the impact of possible strength deficits on functional and clinical test results. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: To identify clinically relevant muscular strength deficits, 24 patients (5 females, 19 males; mean age, 34.5 years; body mass index, 25.9 kg/m2) with isolated cartilage defects (mean onset, 5.05 years; SD, 7.8 years) in the knee joint underwent isokinetic strength measurements. Maximal quadriceps strength was recorded in 3 different testing modes: pure concentric contraction (flexors and extensors alternating work; con1), concentric-eccentric (only the extensors work concentrically and eccentrically; con2), and eccentric contraction in the alternating mode (ecc). Results were compared for functional performance (single-leg hop test), pain scales (visual analog scale [VAS], numeric rating scale [NRS]), self-reported questionnaires (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC], Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scale [KOOS]), and defect size (cm2). Results: Compared with the uninjured leg, significantly lower quadriceps strength was detected in the injured leg in all isokinetic working modes (con1 difference, 27.76 N·m [SD 17.47; P = .003]; con2 difference, 21.45 N·m [SD, 18.45; P =.025]; ecc difference, 29.48 N·m [SD, 21.51; P = .001]), with the largest deficits found for eccentric muscle performance. Moderate negative correlations were observed for the subjective pain scales NRS and VAS. The results of the IKDC and KOOS questionnaires showed low, nonsignificant correlations with findings in the isokinetic measurement. Moreover, defect sizes (mean, 3.13 cm2) were of no importance regarding the prediction of the strength deficit. The quadriceps strength deficit between the injured and the uninjured leg was best predicted by the results of the single-leg hop test. Conclusion: Patients with isolated cartilage defects of the knee joint have significant deficits in quadriceps muscle strength of the injured leg compared with the uninjured leg. The single-leg hop test may be used to predict quadriceps strength deficits. Future research should address whether preoperative strength training in patients with cartilage defects of the knee could be effective and should be taken into consideration in addition to surgical treatment.
Trace-element geochemistry of pyrite and arsenopyrite: ore genetic implications for late Archean orogenic gold deposits in southern India
Authors: Hazarika Pranjit , Mishra Biswajit , Lochan Pruseth Kamal 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe distribution of Au and associated trace elements in pyrite and arsenopyrite from late Archean Hutti and Hira-Buddini orogenic gold deposits, eastern Dharwar Craton, southern India was investigated by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. X-ray element maps acquired by electron probe microanalyser reveal oscillatory zoning of Co and As indicating the crystallization of pyrite and arsenopyrite in an episodic fluid flow regime in which fluid salinity fluctuated due to fault-valve actions. The absence of any relationship between Au and As in pyrite obviate the role of As in the incorporation of Au into pyrite, particularly here and may be generally the case in orogenic gold deposits. On the other hand, positive correlations of Au with Cu, Ag and Te suggest possible influence of these chalcophile elements in the enhanced gold concentrationin sulfides. Pb-Bi-Te-Au-Ag bearing micro-particles (<2 μm) are observed exclusively in micro-fractures and pores in arsenopyrite. The absence of replacement features and element gradient suggests direct precipitation of Pb, Bi, Te, Au and Ag from a fluid that was unreactive towards arsenopyrite. An intermittent fall in fluid pressure caused by the fault-valve action would have resulted in the sporadic precipitation of Au, Pb, Ag, Bi and Te.
Impact of residual pulmonary obstruction on the long-term outcome of patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Pesavento Raffaele , Filippi Lucia , Palla Antonio , Visonà Adriana , Bova Carlo , Marzolo Marco , Porro Fernando , Villalta Sabina , Ciammaichella Maurizio , Bucherini Eugenio , Nante Giovanni , Battistelli Sandra , Muiesan Maria Lorenza , Beltramello Giampietro , Prisco Domenico , Casazza Franco , Ageno Walter , Palareti Gualtiero , Quintavalla Roberto , Monti Simonetta , Mumoli Nicola , Zanatta Nello , Cappelli Roberto , Cattaneo Marco , Moretti Valentino , Corà Francesco , Bazzan Mario , Ghirarduzzi Angelo , Frigo Anna Chiara , Miniati Massimo , Prandoni Paolo 
Published: May 2017

The impact of residual pulmonary obstruction on the outcome of patients with pulmonary embolism is uncertain.We recruited 647 consecutive symptomatic patients with a first episode of pulmonary embolism, with or without concomitant deep venous thrombosis. They received conventional anticoagulation, were assessed for residual pulmonary obstruction through perfusion lung scanning after 6 months and then were followed up for up to 3 years. Recurrent venous thromboembolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension were assessed according to widely accepted criteria.Residual pulmonary obstruction was detected in 324 patients (50.1%, 95% CI 46.2–54.0%). Patients with residual pulmonary obstruction were more likely to be older and to have an unprovoked episode. After a 3-year follow-up, recurrent venous thromboembolism and/or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension developed in 34 out of the 324 patients (10.5%) with residual pulmonary obstruction and in 15 out of the 323 patients (4.6%) without residual pulmonary obstruction, leading to an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.26 (95% CI 1.23–4.16).Residual pulmonary obstruction, as detected with perfusion lung scanning at 6 months after a first episode of pulmonary embolism, is an independent predictor of recurrent venous thromboembolism and/or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Towards an expert consensus to delineate a clinical syndrome of chronic breathlessness
Authors: Johnson Miriam J. , Yorke Janelle , Hansen-Flaschen John , Lansing Robert , Ekström Magnus , Similowski Thomas , Currow David C. 
Published: May 2017

Breathlessness that persists despite treatment for the underlying conditions is debilitating. Identifying this discrete entity as a clinical syndrome should raise awareness amongst patients, clinicians, service providers, researchers and research funders.Using the Delphi method, questions and statements were generatedviaexpert group consultations and one-to-one interviews (n=17). These were subsequently circulated in three survey rounds (n=34, n=25, n=31) to an extended international group from various settings (clinical and laboratory; hospital, hospice and community) and working within the basic sciences and clinical specialties. Thea prioritarget agreement for each question was 70%. Findings were discussed at a multinational workshop.The agreed term, chronic breathlessness syndrome, was defined as breathlessness that persists despite optimal treatment of the underlying pathophysiology and that results in disability. A stated duration was not needed for “chronic”. Key terms for French and German translation were also discussed and the need for further consensus recognised, especially with regard to cultural and linguistic interpretation.We propose criteria for chronic breathlessness syndrome. Recognition is an important first step to address the therapeutic nihilism that has pervaded this neglected symptom and could empower patients and caregivers, improve clinical care, focus research, and encourage wider uptake of available and emerging evidence-based interventions.
miR-146a-5p plays an essential role in the aberrant epithelial–fibroblast cross-talk in COPD
Authors: Osei Emmanuel T. , Florez-Sampedro Laura , Tasena Hataitip , Faiz Alen , Noordhoek Jacobien A. , Timens Wim , Postma Dirkje S. , Hackett Tillie L. , Heijink Irene H. , Brandsma Corry-Anke 
Published: May 2017

We previously reported that epithelial-derived interleukin (IL)-1α drives fibroblast-derived inflammation in the lung epithelial–mesenchymal trophic unit. Since miR-146a-5p has been shown to negatively regulate IL-1 signalling, we investigated the role of miR-146a-5p in the regulation of IL-1α-driven inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Human bronchial epithelial (16HBE14o-) cells were co-cultured with control and COPD-derived primary human lung fibroblasts (PHLFs), and miR-146a-5p expression was assessed with and without IL-1α neutralising antibody. Genomic DNA was assessed for the presence of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2910164. miR-146a-5p mimics were used for overexpression studies to assess IL-1α-induced signalling and IL-8 production by PHLFs.Co-culture of PHLFs with airway epithelial cells significantly increased the expression of miR-146a-5p and this induction was dependent on epithelial-derived IL-1α. miR-146a-5p overexpression decreased IL-1α-induced IL-8 secretion in PHLFsviadownregulation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1. In COPD PHLFs, the induction of miR-146a-5p was significantly less compared with controls and was associated with the SNP rs2910164 (GG allele) in the miR-146a-5p gene.Our results suggest that induction of miR-146a-5p is involved in epithelial–fibroblast communication in the lungs and negatively regulates epithelial-derived IL-1α induction of IL-8 by fibroblasts. The decreased levels of miR-146a-5p in COPD fibroblasts may induce a more pro-inflammatory phenotype, contributing to chronic inflammation in COPD.
Can we design a better anti-cytokine therapy?
Authors: Drutskaya Marina S , Efimov Grigory A , Kruglov Andrei A , Nedospasov Sergei A 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Cytokine neutralization is successfully used for treatment of various autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions. The complex biology of the two well-characterized proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 implicates unavoidable consequences when it comes to their global blockade. Because systemic cytokine ablation may result in unwanted side effects, efforts have been made to develop more specific cytokine inhibitors, which would spare the protective immunoregulatory functions of a given cytokine. In this article, we review current research and summarize new strategies for improved anti-TNF and anti-IL-6 biologics, which specifically target only selected parts of the signaling cascades mediated by these ligands.
Mechanisms mitigating problems associated with multiple kinetochores on one microtubule in early mitosis
Authors: Yue Zuojun , Komoto Shinya , Gierlinski Marek , Pasquali Debora , Kitamura Etsushi , Tanaka Tomoyuki U. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Proper chromosome segregation in mitosis relies on correct kinetochore interaction with spindle microtubules. In early mitosis, each kinetochore usually interacts with the lateral side of each microtubule and is subsequently tethered at the microtubule end. However, since eukaryotic cells carry multiple chromosomes, multiple kinetochores could occasionally interact with a single microtubule. The consequence of this is unknown. Here, we find that, although two kinetochores (two pairs of sister kinetochores) can interact with the lateral side of one microtubule, only one kinetochore can form a sustained attachment to the microtubule end in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This leads to detachment of the other kinetochore from the microtubule end (or a location in its proximity). Intriguingly, in this context, kinetochore sliding along a microtubule towards a spindle pole delays and diminishes discernible kinetochore detachment. This effect expedites collection of the entire set of kinetochores to a spindle pole. We propose that cells are equipped with the kinetochore-sliding mechanism to mitigate problems associated with multiple kinetochores on one microtubule in early mitosis.
Pengaruh Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Sub DAS Rawapening terhadap Erosi dan Sedimentasi Danau Rawapening
Authors: Aprilliyana Dian 
Published: May 2017

Konferensi Nasional Danau Indonesia ( KNDI ) di Bali tahun 2009 menetapkan Danau Rawapening sebagai salah satu dari 15 ( lima belas ) danau/waduk yang memerlukan prioritas dalam pemulihan kerusakan danau di Indonesia. Alih fungsi lahan yang terjadi pada Sub DAS Rawapening memicu terjadinya peningkatan kerusakan lahan yang berimbas pada tingginya laju erosi dan s edimentasi di Danau Rawapening. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan positivistik/kuantitatif dengan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif yang menggambarkan variabel -variabel dan fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi. Hasil perhitungan erosi dan sedimentasi menunjukkan bahwa erosi dan sedimentasi di Danau Rawapening menurun dari tahun 1991, 2001 dan 2011. Hal ini dikarenakan ada beberapa faktor yang bersifat dinamis pada analisis yang dilakukan. Untuk melihat pengaruh perubahan penggunaan lahan terhadap erosi dan sedimentasi secara mendalam maka digunakan nilai erosivitas rata-rata sebesar 2.523,09. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penurunan luas lahan tegakan berbanding terbalik dengan laju erosi, jumlah erosi dan sedimentasi. Sedang kan luasan lahan terbangun berbanding lurus dengan laju erosi, jumlah erosi, dan sedimentasi. Perubahan penggunaan lahan yang menyebabkan kenaikan erosi terbesar adalah perubahan penggunaan lahan dengan tegakan menjadi lahan terbangun dan perubahan penggunaan lahan pertanian menjadi lahan terbangun.Kata kunci : perubahan penggunaan lahan, erosi, sedimentasi
Challenges and opportunities from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) research summit on improving diagnosis: a proceedings review
Authors: Henriksen Kerm , Dymek Chris , Harrison Michael I. , Brady P. Jeffrey , Arnold Sharon B. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background:
The Improving Diagnosis in Health Care report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) provided an opportunity for many groups to reflect on the role they could play in taking actions to improve diagnostic safety. As part of its own process, AHRQ held a research summit in the fall of 2016, inviting members from a diverse collection of organizations, both inside and outside of Government, to share their suggestions regarding what is known about diagnosis and the challenges that need to be addressed.

Content:
The goals of the summit were to learn from the insights of participants; examine issues associated with definitions of diagnostic error and gaps in the evidence base; explore clinician and patient perspectives; gain a better understanding of data and measurement, health information technology, and organizational factors that impact the diagnostic process; and identify potential future directions for research.

Summary and outlook:
Plenary sessions focused on the state of the new diagnostic safety discipline followed by breakout sessions on the use of data and measurement, health information technology, and the role of organizational factors. The proceedings review captures many of the key challenges and areas deserving further research, revealing stimulating yet complex issues.
Introduction: the transformation of Tibet’s language ecology in the twenty-first century
Authors: Roche Gerald 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTibet’s linguistic diversity is undergoing drastic transformations in the twenty-first century. In this article, I begin my examination of this issue by outlining the extent of Tibet’s linguistic diversity, including not only its numerous Tibetic languages, but also its non-Tibetic minority languages. Using a “language ecology” approach, I examine the mechanisms that have produced and maintained this diversity, as well as the ways this diversity was spatially and socially patterned. I argue that these processes and patterns were largely maintained up until the twenty-first century, when the Chinese state’s program to “Open the West” unleashed an ideologically driven modernization program on Tibet, radically altering its language ecology. I argue that the present trends emerging from this process are likely to continue throughout the twenty-first century, resulting in both language loss and the emergence of new languages, leaving the overall language ecology fundamentally altered by the beginning of the twenty-second century. It is hoped that this article will not only provide a useful framework for future discussions on linguistic diversity in Tibet, but will also focus attention on the challenges facing individual languages in Tibet today.
GluA2-Lacking AMPA Receptors and Nitric Oxide Signaling Gate Spike-Timing–Dependent Potentiation of Glutamate Synapses in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus
Authors: Haj-Dahmane Samir , Béïque Jean Claude , Shen Roh-Yu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe dorsal raphe nucleus (DRn) receives glutamatergic inputs from numerous brain areas that control the function of DRn serotonin (5-HT) neurons. By integrating these synaptic inputs, 5-HT neurons modulate a plethora of behaviors and physiological functions. However, it remains unknown whether the excitatory inputs onto DRn 5-HT neurons can undergo activity-dependent change of strength, as well as the mechanisms that control their plasticity. Here, we describe a novel form of spike-timing–dependent long-term potentiation (tLTP) of glutamate synapses onto rat DRn 5-HT neurons. This form of synaptic plasticity is initiated by an increase in postsynaptic intracellular calcium but is maintained by a persistent increase in the probability of glutamate release. The tLTP of glutamate synapses onto DRn 5-HT is independent of NMDA receptors but requires the activation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors and voltage-dependent calcium channels. The presynaptic expression of the tLTP is mediated by the retrograde messenger nitric oxide (NO) and activation of cGMP/PKG pathways. Collectively, these results indicate that glutamate synapses in the DRn undergo activity-dependent synaptic plasticity gated by NO signaling and unravel a previously unsuspected role of NO in controlling synaptic function and plasticity in the DRn.
Selected Developments in South African Labour Legislation Related to Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Basson Yvette 
Published: May 2017

In South Africa marginalised groups have historically been afforded legislative protection in order to ensure that the rights of these groups are respected, protected, promoted and fulfilled. Examples of two such groups are older persons, whose rights are provided for in terms of the Older Persons Act 13 of 2006 and children, whose rights are provided for in terms of the Children's Act 38 of 2005. Persons with disabilities have, however, not yet been the subject of dedicated legislation outlining the content of the rights to which they are entitled. As a result of this lack of dedicated legislation, the rights of persons with disabilities are dealt with in a piecemeal fashion, often in disparate pieces of legislation.
In addition to this focus on the rights of persons with disabilities, South African labour law has recently undergone extensive amendments. These amendments have led to the rights of persons with disabilities in the workplace being affected substantially. Since these amendments are as yet untested, little scrutiny of these provisions and the effect they may have on persons with disabilities has been undertaken. This article will thus discuss selected amendments of the labour legislation, and interrogate the practical effect these amendments may have on the rights of such persons. Of particular importance for the purposes of this article is the updating of an existing institution known as Sheltered Employment Factories, as well as the introduction of harsher penalties for employers who remain non-compliant with certain provisions of the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998.