bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cooling Rate on Joint Shear Strength of Sn-9Zn Lead-Free Solder Alloy Reflowed on Copper Substrate
Authors: Tikale Sanjay , Sona Mrunali , Narayan Prabhu K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Reliability of the solder joint largely depends on mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, coefficient of thermal expansion, and intermetallic compound formation. Cooling rate significantly affects the physical properties of an alloy and influences the mechanical behavior of solder joints. In the present study, Sn-9Zn lead-free solder alloy was solidified on Cu substrate under furnace cooling (0.04°C/s), air cooling (0.16°C/s), and water cooling (94°C/s) conditions. The effect of varying cooling rates on the intermetallic compound (IMC) formation at the interface and the resulting joint shear strength was studied. A microstructure study revealed the presence of Cu5Zn8 and CuZn5 intermetallic compounds at the solder-substrate interface. The IMC layer thickness at the interface increased with a decrease in the cooling rate. The joint shear strength increased with an increase in the cooling rate. The air and furnace cooling resulted in the formation of a thick IMC layer. The IMC obtained from the furnace cooling was associated with micro-cracks leading to a decrease in the joint shear strength.
On the Mesoscale Fracture Initiation Criterion of Heterogeneous Steels During Quenching
Authors: Said Schicchi D. , Caggiano A. , Lübben T. , Hunkel M. , Hoffmann F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA numerical model aimed at investigating the microcracking behavior in steel meso-structures during quenching process is proposed in this work. The proposal explicitly considers the material heterogeneity influencing the fracture response of the steel meso-specimen under consideration. Particularly, a finite element based model is used in a two-stage simulation: (i) the first stage deals with solving the coupled metallo-thermo-mechanical problem at macroscopic level during quenching; (ii) the second stage accounts for the mesoscopic cracking based on a discontinuous approach by means of the extended finite element method. Different strain and stress histories have been used as failure (initation) criteria and have been compared with experimental results on high speed quenching of a 100Cr6 cylindrical (SAE 52100) steel specimen. The good agreement between the numerical simulations, adopting a maximum principal stress criterion as cracking initiation rule, and the experimental results indicates the potential of the presented methodology in the failure prediction.
TARP DVIEJŲ KONTEKSTŲ
Authors: Bikulčius Vytautas 
Published: February 2017

Solveiga Daugirdaitė. Švystelėjo kaip meteoras. 1965-ieji su Simone de Beauvoir ir Jeanu Pauliu Sartre’u. V., Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2015
MORALĖS VAIDMUO TEISINĖJE SISTEMOJE VAKARŲ TEISĖS TRADICIJOS KONTEKSTE
Authors: Randakevičiūtė Jurgita 
Published: February 2017

Straipsnyje iš trijų teisės paradigmų – teisinio pozityvizmo, prigimtinės teisės mokyklos ir teisinio realizmo – perspektyvų yra analizuojamas moralės vaidmuo teisinėje sistemoje Vakarų teisės tradicijos kontekste ir tokiu būdu yra siekiama padėti nuoseklesnio EPK 53 (a) straipsnio aiškinimo pagrindus.
Intimate Partner Violence and Child Behavioral Problems in South Africa
Authors: Chander Pratibha , Kvalsvig Jane , Mellins Claude A. , Kauchali Shuaib , Arpadi Stephen M. , Taylor Myra , Knox Justin R. , Davidson Leslie L. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND:
Research in high-income countries has repeatedly demonstrated that intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by women negatively affects the health and behavior of children in their care. However, there is little research on the topic in lower- and middle-income countries. The population-based Asenze Study gathered data on children and their caregivers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This data analysis explores the association of caregiver IPV on child behavior outcomes in children &lt;12 years old and is the first such study in Africa.

METHODS:
This population-based study was set in 5 Zulu tribal areas characterized by poverty, food insecurity, unemployment, and a high HIV prevalence. The Asenze Study interviewed caregivers via validated measures of IPV, alcohol use, caregiver mental health difficulties, and child behavior disorders in their preschool children.

RESULTS:
Among the 980 caregivers assessed, 37% had experienced IPV from their current partner. Experience of partner violence (any, physical, or sexual) remained strongly associated with overall child behavior problems (odds ratio range: 2.46–3.10) even after age, HIV status, cohabitation with the partner, alcohol use, and posttraumatic stress disorder were accounted for.

CONCLUSIONS:
Childhood behavioral difficulties are associated with their caregiver’s experience of IPV in this population, even after other expected causes of child behavior difficulties are adjusted for. There is a need to investigate the longer-term impact of caregiver partner violence, particularly sexual IPV, on the health and well-being of vulnerable children in lower- and middle-income countries. Studies should also investigate whether preventing IPV reduces the occurrence of childhood behavior difficulties.
Targeting Sleep, Food, and Activity in Infants for Obesity Prevention: An RCT
Authors: Taylor Barry J. , Gray Andrew R. , Galland Barbara C. , Heath Anne-Louise M. , Lawrence Julie , Sayers Rachel M. , Cameron Sonya , Hanna Maha , Dale Kelly , Coppell Kirsten J. , Taylor Rachael W. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE:The few existing early-life obesity prevention initiatives have concentrated on nutrition and physical activity, with little examination of sleep.METHODS:This community-based, randomized controlled trial allocated 802 pregnant women (≥16 years, &lt;34 weeks’ gestation) to: control, FAB (food, activity, and breastfeeding), sleep, or combination (both interventions) groups. All groups received standard well-child care. FAB participants received additional support (8 contacts) promoting breastfeeding, healthy eating, and physical activity (antenatal–18 months). Sleep participants received 2 sessions (antenatal, 3 weeks) targeting prevention of sleep problems, as well as a sleep treatment program if requested (6–24 months). Combination participants received both interventions (9 contacts). BMI was measured at 24 months by researchers blinded to group allocation, and secondary outcomes (diet, physical activity, sleep) were assessed by using a questionnaire or accelerometry at multiple time points.RESULTS:At 2 years, 686 women remained in the study (86%). No significant intervention effect was observed for BMI at 24 months (P = .086), but there was an overall group effect for the prevalence of obesity (P = .027). Exploratory analyses found a protective effect for obesity among those receiving the “sleep intervention” (sleep and combination compared with FAB and control: odds ratio, 0.54 [95% confidence interval, 0.35–0.82]). No effect was observed for the “FAB intervention” (FAB and combination compared with sleep and control: odds ratio, 1.20 [95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.81]).CONCLUSIONS:A well-developed food and activity intervention did not seem to affect children’s weight status. However, further research on more intensive or longer running sleep interventions is warranted.
Single Fetal Death in Monochorionic Twin Pregnancy: Co-Twin Prognosis and Neonatal Outcome
Authors: Vale-Fernandes Emídio , Dias Joana , Gil Belandina , Cadilhe Alexandra 
Published: February 2017

The incidence of single fetal death in twin pregnancy varies from 0.5% - 6.8%, leaving the surviving fetus with increased morbi-mortality. The prognosis is worse in monochorionic pregnancies. In addressing these cases it should be noted referral to tertiary center with differentiated perinatal support, induction of fetal lung maturation and termination of pregnancy if there’s loss of fetal well-being or possibility of maternal complications and suspected neurological sequelae in the surviving fetus. The risk of iatrogenic prematurity should always be weighed with the possible consequences arising from the fetus staying in a hostile uterine environment. The authors describe a case of a 32-year-old pregnant woman with monochorionic/diamniotic twin pregnancy diagnosed with death of one of the fetuses due to fetal growth restriction and velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord at 30 weeks of gestation. The couple opted for termination of pregnancy at 33 weeks after documentation of brain changes in the surviving fetus.
Política de Investigação Científica para a Saúde em Portugal: I - Enquadramento Europeu e Nacional
Authors: Sá Guerreiro Cátia , Hartz Zulmira , Sambo Luís , Conceição Cláudia , Dussault Gilles , Russo Giuliano , Viveiros Miguel , Silveira Henrique , Pita Barros Pedro , Ferrinho Paulo 
Published: February 2017

O debate global sobre a política de investigação científica para a saúde humana tem sido liderado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde com contribuições importantes de outros stakeholders como o Council on Health Research for Development, o Banco Mundial e o Fórum Global para Investigação em Saúde, dominado recentemente pelas agendas temáticas de grandes financiadores globais. Existe um crescente interesse mundial em fazer melhor uso da evidência resultante da investigação científica para saúde, nas tomadas de decisão relacionadas com a definição de políticas de saúde. Na Europa verifica-se porém a existência de uma complexidade inerente à interação entre a investigação e a tomada de decisão política. Após cerca de 40 anos de democracia e 30 anos de integração europeia, Portugal superou o atraso científico estrutural. Contudo, a análise desta matéria à luz das políticas de investigação definidas a nível global e europeu mostra que há ainda um longo caminho a percorrer quando se fala em investimento global em Investigação & Desenvolvimento.
Análise da Revisão Cochrane: Prescrição Não-médica versus Prescrição Médica para a Gestão de Doenças Agudas e Crónicas em Cuidados de Saúde Primários e Secundários. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;11:CD011227.
Authors: Duarte Gonçalo Silva , Delgado Ricardo Martins , Costa João , Vaz-Carneiro António 
Published: February 2017

Em países com diversos níveis socioeconómicos, o assegurar dos cuidados de saúde requer a consideração de uma variedade de estratégias, nas quais pode incluir-se a prescrição não-médica. O objetivo desta revisão foi averiguar se a prescrição por profissionais de saúde não-médicos está associada a resultados (outcomes) clínicos e de relevância para o doente comparáveis à prescrição médica. Revisão sistemática de acordo com a metodologia preconizada pela Cochrane. Foram comparados os outcomes em saúde quando a prescrição médica era realizada por um qualquer profissional de saúde não médico (que prescrevesse com um alto grau de autonomia) versus por um médico, no contexto dos cuidados de saúde primários e secundários, e em países de baixo, médio e alto nível socioeconómico. Foram incluídos para análise 46 ensaios clínicos de diferentes desenhos que avaliaram um total de 37 337 indivíduos. A maioria dos estudos baseou-se na gestão da doença crónica em países de nível socioeconómico mais elevado, onde existe evidência que suporta que os outcomes são comparáveis para os marcadores substitutivos de controlo de doença relativos à hipertensão (evidência moderada), controlo de diabetes (evidência elevada) e hipercolesterolemia (evidência moderada), entre outros. A prescrição por enfermeiros e farmacêuticos com níveis variados de formação (pré-graduada, específica e pós-graduada) esteve também associada a outcomes globalmente comparáveis aos obtidos com a prescrição médica relativamente à adesão à medicação, eventos adversos, nível de satisfação global, qualidade de vida e utilização de recursos (hospitalizações, urgências hospitalares e consultas). Os prescritores não médicos frequentemente tiveram suporte médico disponível para facilitar um modelo de prática colaborativa. Com treino e suporte apropriados, a prescrição não-médica por enfermeiros e farmacêuticos é tão efetiva quanto a prescrição médica numa variedade de condições clínicas.
Disclosure Practices in Selected Private Sector Companies in India
Authors: Mittal Ashish 
Published: February 2017

<div><p><em>Corporate Disclosure can be defined as a process through which a business enterprise communicates with the external parties. Disclosure is the movement of information from the private domain (inside</em><em> information) into the public domain. To evaluate the disclosure level of various companies, some yardstick is required. A comprehensive list of 14 major items with breakup of 482 sub items has been made to determine the adequacy of disclosure practices of the corporate sector in India. Disclosure practices in selected 16 public sector companies at two points of time i.e. 1990-91 and 2006-07 has been divided into two sections i.e. Company wise analysis of Disclosure Score and Analysis of Major items of information. On the basis of Company wise analysis of Disclosure Score and Analysis of Major items of information , it can be concluded that there is considerable improvement in the various items disclosed by Private Sector companies over the period of study.</em></p></div>
THE EFFECT OF DIET CONTAINING HIGH ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID ON OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND HEALTH STATUS OF THE HEART IN BROILERS
Authors: Kartikasari Lilik Retna , Hughes Robert , Geier Mark , Gibson Robert 
Published: February 2017

The objectives of the study were to examine the effect of diet high in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) and the health status of the heart. Diets were based on a commercial starter diet, with a low level of fat. The experimental diets contained two levels of ALA (2.23 and 19.37%), with the total fat content was approximately 5%. Pure or blended vegetable oils were included at a level of 2.8% in order to produce diets with the desired levels of linoleic acid (LA) and ALA. The ratio of LA to ALA of the diets was 9.75:1 for control diet and 1.37:1 for high ALA diet. Each diet was provided ad libitum for the duration of the 28-d growth period. At 28 days of age, six selected birds from each pen (12 birds per group) were weighed individually and hearts were collected for analysis. A ratio of right ventricle mass (RV) to total ventricle mass (TV) was used to indicate the health status of the heart. Results showed that dietary treatment increased the level of ALA from 0.1% (control diet) to 0.5% (P<0.01). Increasing levels of dietary ALA raised the level of n-3 LCPUFA and total n-3 in heart tissues by 4-5-fold. There was no significant difference observed in the level of heart LA, arachidonic acid (AA) and total n-6. The increased levels of dietary ALA did not cause changes in the ratio of RV to total TV. In conclusion, it appears clear that based on our data, increasing ALA content in the diet of chickens could potentially be beneficial for the health of the birds; however, further work is necessary.
Kajian Ekologi Permudaan Saninten (Castanopsis argentea (Bl.) A.DC.) di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa Barat
Authors: Heriyanto N. M. , Sawitri Reny , Subandinata Didi 
Published: February 2017

<p>The study of population and distribution of saninten (Castanopsis argentea (Bl.) A.DC) seedling was conducted in August 2003 at block Pasarean, Cibodas Resort, Gede Pangrango National Park. The square inventory of 20 plots sizing at 2 x 2 m for seedling level and 20 x 20 m for tree level. Regeneration analysis were laid down at 1,300, 1,400, 1,500, 1,600, and 1,700 m asl. The research showed that the species composition of seedling communities at 1,300 and 1,600 m asl was kileho (Saurauia pendula Bl.), at 1,400 and 1,700 m asl was huru (Litsea sp.) and at 1,500 m asl was nangsi (Villebrunea sp.). The highest density distribution of tree and seedling stage of saninten were at 1,400 m asl which were 18 trees/ha and 833 seedlings/ha with dominance index of 0.06. While the highest of species diversity index occured at 1,300 m asl about 3.34 with 35 invidual species. More over, based on altitudinal sites, the value of index similarity was occured between 1,600 m asl and 1,700 m asl was 65.24%.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kajian populasi dan penyebaran anakan saninten (Castanopsis argentea (Bl.) A.DC) dilakukan pada Agustus 2003 di blok Pasarean, Resort Cibodas, Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuadrat bujur sangkar 2 x 2 m, sedangkan untuk tingkat pohon hanya jenis saninten. Ukuran petak yang digunakan 20 x 20 m. Petakan untuk semai terletak di salah satu sudut dalam petak untuk pengukuran pohon. Penelitian dilakukan pada ketinggian tempat 1.300, 1.400, 1.500, 1.600, dan 1.700 m, dpl. Petakan dibuat pada setiap ketinggian tempat sebanyak 20 petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis yang mendominasi komunitas tumbuhan tingkat semai adalah kileho (Saurauia pendula Bl.) yang mendominasi pada ketinggian 1.300 dan 1.600 m dpl, huru (Litsea sp.) mendominasi semai pada ketinggian 1.400 dan 1.700 m dpl, dan nangsi (Villebrunea sp.) mendominasi semai pada ketinggian 1.500 m dpl. Penyebaran terluas pohon dan semai saninten pada ketinggian tempat 1.400 m dpl, yaitu 18 pohon dan 833 anakan/ha. Nilai dominansi tertinggi tingkat semai dimiliki oleh ketinggian tempat 1.400 m dpl dengan indeks dominansi 0,06. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis tertinggi dimiliki oleh ketinggian tempat 1.300 m dpl yang mempunyai keanekaragaman jenis sebesar 3,34 dengan 37 jenis individu. Nilai kesamaan komunitas (IS) tertinggi komunitas semai terdapat antara ketinggian tempat 1.600 dan 1.700 m dpl sebesar 65,24%.</p>
Growth Response of Calopogonium caeruleum and Centrosema pubescens Ground Cover Crops toward Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium, Aeromonas punctata, and Acaulospora tuberculata
Authors: Widiastuti Happy , Suharyanto NFN 
Published: February 2017

<p>Planting of leguminous cover crops is a standard practise in preparing land for oil palm and rubber plantations. The synergism capability of Bradyrhizobium, Aeromonas punctata (phosphate solubilizing bacteria) and Acaulospora tuberculata (AM fungi) to increase growth of leguminous cover crops (Calopogonium caeruleum and Centrosema pubescens) was studied in a glass house experiment using polybag (10 x 10 cm) containing acid soil with low level nutrition of Ciomas, Bogor. Research results showed that Bradyrhizobium, A. punctata and A. tuberculata inoculation on C. caeruleum signifycantly enhanced plant height, and number of leaves. However, the treatment did not increase biomass and N, P, and K uptake of plant. Number of nodule were increase when the plant was inoculated with A. tuberculata alone or in combination with Bradyrhizobium and A. punctata. Centrosema pubescens gave good response when inoculated with A. tuberculata. However, dual inoculation of the two bacteria Bradyrhizobium and A. punctata with A. tuberculata signifycantly enhance plant height, plant biomass, N, P, and K plant uptake.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penanaman tanaman kacang-kacangan penutup tanah merupakan standar dalam penyiapan lahan pada pengusahaan kelapa sawit dan karet. Kemampuan sinergisme Bradyrhizobium (bakteri penambat N2), Aeromonas punctata (bakteri pelarut fosfat), dan Acaulospora tuberculata (cendawan mikoriza arbuskula) untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kacangkacangan penutup tanah (Calopogonium caeruleum dan Centrosema pubescens) dipelajari dalam percobaan rumah kaca menggunakan polibag berukuran 10 x 10 cm berisi tanah Ciomas Bogor yang bereaksi masam dan miskin hara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi Bradyrhizobium, A. Punctata, dan A. tuberculata pada C. caeruleum nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun. Namun, perlakuan ini tidak meningkatkan biomasa dan serapan N, P, dan K tanaman. Jumlah bintil akar meningkat pada tanaman yang diinokulasi A. tuberculata sendiri atau dalam kombinasinya dengan Bradyrhizobium dan A. punctata. Centrosema pubescens menunjukkan respon yang baik bila diinokulasi dengan A. tuberculata. Bagaimanapun juga inokulasi dua bakteri, yaitu Bradyrhizobium and A. punctata yang disertai A. tuberculata nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, biomasa, serapan N, P, dan K tanaman.</p>
Karakter Morfologis dan Beberapa Keunggulan Mangga Podang Urang (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Baswarsiati NFN , Yuniarti NFN 
Published: February 2017

<p>Podang Urang mango is one of the local superior fruit from Kediri regency, East Java. This mango has atrractive appearance with red-orange skin colour, orange flesh, beautiful shape, medium size (about 200-250 g per fruit), sweet taste, strong smell, soft fibre and enough water content, so that it is appropriate for both fresh and processed fruit. Although most of the plants are hundred years old, they can produce about 60- 200 kg mango per tree. Podang variety has been developed in East Java, especially in Kediri regency with total plants as many as 524.126 trees in Kediri. They were planted on hilly land as conservation plants as well as homeyard plants. The mango have good market at national level, especially in the big cities and has been exported in a small quantity to Singapore. It&amp;rsquo;s appearance seems suitable to the demands of consumers from Korea, Japan, and Singapore, so that there will be a large opportunity for export. Based on those prospective chances, this mango variety should be produced in large scale to supply export market. Lack of promotion was one of the key factor that limit the market of this mango.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Mangga Podang Urang merupakan salah satu produk buah unggulan lokal dari Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur. Kekhasan yang dimiliki oleh mangga Podang Urang terutama adalah pada penampilan warna kulit buah merah jingga menarik, daging buah jingga, bentuk buah cantik, ukuran buah tidak terlalu besar (sekitar 200-250 g/buah), rasa buah manis, aroma buah tajam, serat halus, dan cukup banyak mengandung air sehingga sesuai untuk buah segar maupun olahan. Walaupun rata-rata tanaman telah berumur ratusan tahun, namun mampu berproduksi sekitar 60-200 kg/pohon. Saat ini tanaman mangga Podang telah berkembang di Kabupaten Kediri dengan jumlah tanaman 524.126 pohon, berada di perbukitan sebagai tanaman konservasi pada lahan kering dan sebagai tanaman pekarangan yang di antaranya terdapat mangga Podang Urang. Mangga Podang Urang tampaknya sesuai dengan permintaan konsumen dari Korea, Jepang, dan Singapura yang menyukai mangga berpenampilan menarik dengan rasa buah campuran manis dan sedikit masam. Saat ini pemasaran buah mangga Podang Urang sudah berkembang di Jawa Timur dan di provinsi lainnya. Tampaknya mangga Podang Urang mempunyai pangsa pasar yang baik di tingkat nasional dan perlu terus dikembangkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar ekspor. Mangga Podang Urang sudah diekspor ke Singapura dan perlu dikembangkan lagi ke beberapa negara lainnya.</p>