bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental drivers of roosting body mass variation in boreal Great Tits Parus major
Authors: Broggi Juli , Koivula Kari , Hohtola Esa , Orell Markku 
Published: April 2017

Small wintering passerines adaptively modulate daily body mass acquisition as part of their energy management policy. However, whether birds optimize overnight mass loss or body mass at dawn remains poorly understood. We studied environmental correlates of individual variation in body mass at dusk, overnight mass loss and body mass at dawn in a wild population of Great Tits Parus major wintering in northern Fennoscandia. Body mass at dusk, overnight mass loss and body mass at dawn were independent of prevailing conditions despite extremely low night ambient temperatures. Body mass at dusk was higher in males than in females, and decreased throughout winter and when snowfall was higher in the previous month. Overnight mass loss increased with precipitation during the previous week and tended to be higher in mid‐winter, when nights were longest. However, birds reduced overnight mass loss with higher temperatures in the previous week and higher precipitation in the previous 2 weeks. Dawn body mass was strongly correlated with dusk body mass and overnight mass loss, and showed only mild associations with weather variables once dusk mass was accounted for. Body mass in roosting boreal Great Tits seems to be constrained by recent snowfall as the winter progresses, but otherwise appears to be mostly unaffected by previous and current temperatures, suggesting a regular use of facultative hypothermia.
Water lily in a subcutaneous plane ‐ preventing complications of unplanned excision
Authors: Madura Chandraiah , Shenoy Chaithra , Girish Malavalli Lakshminarasimhaiha , Chandrashekar Byalakere Shivanna 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHuman cysticercosis is caused by the larval form of Taenia solium (T. solium) and is a condition more commonly seen in tropical countries. The infestation can present with varied symptoms depending upon the site of infection, e.g. intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracerebral, or elsewhere. Diagnosing cysticercosis, although fairly easy, becomes challenging in unusual cases. Unplanned excisions can lead to catastrophic complications.
A novel pH‐controlled hydrogen sulfide donor protects gastric mucosa from aspirin‐induced injury
Authors: Yang Chun‐tao , Lai Zhen‐zhen , Zheng Ze‐hang , Kang Jian‐ming , Xian Ming , Wang Rui‐yu , Shi Kun , Meng Fu‐hui , Li Xiang , Chen Li , Zhang Hui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHydrogen sulphide (H2S) serves as a vital gastric mucosal defence under acid condition. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among widely prescribed medications with effects of antipyresis, analgesia and anti‐inflammation. However, their inappropriate use causes gastric lesions and endogenous H2S deficiency. In this work, we reported the roles of a novel pH‐controlled H2S donor (JK‐1) in NSAID‐related gastric lesions. We found that JK‐1 could release H2S under mild acidic pH and increase solution pH value. Intragastrical administration of aspirin (ASP), one of NSAIDs, to mice elicited significant gastric lesions, evidenced by mucosal festering and bleeding. It also led to infiltration of inflammatory cells and resultant releases of IL‐6 and TNF‐α, as well as oxidative injury including myeloperoxidase (MPO) induction and GSH depletion. In addition, the ASP administration statistically inhibited H2S generation in gastric mucosa, while up‐regulated cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) expression. Importantly, these adverse effects of ASP were prevented by the intragastrical pre‐administration of JK‐1. However, JK‐1 alone did not markedly alter the property of mouse stomachs. Furthermore, in vitro cellular experiments showed the exposure of gastric mucosal epithelial (GES‐1) cells to HClO, imitating MPO‐driven oxidative injury, decreased cell viability, increased apoptotic rate and damaged mitochondrial membrane potential, which were reversed by pre‐treatment with JK‐1. In conclusion, JK‐1 was proved to be an acid‐sensitive H2S donor and could attenuate ASP‐related gastric lesions through reconstruction of endogenous gastric defence. This work indicates the possible treatment of adverse effects of NSAIDs with pH‐controlled H2S donors in the future.
Fitness effects of mutation: testing genetic redundancy in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Rutter M. T. , Wieckowski Y. M. , Murren C. J. , Strand A. E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractScreens of organisms with disruptive mutations in a single gene often fail to detect phenotypic consequences for the majority of mutants. One explanation for this phenomenon is that the presence of paralogous loci provides genetic redundancy. However, it is also possible that the assayed traits are affected by few loci, that effects could be subtle or that phenotypic effects are restricted to certain environments. We assayed a set of T‐DNA insertion mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana to determine the frequency with which mutation affected fitness‐related phenotypes. We found that between 8% and 42% of the assayed lines had altered fitness from the wild type. Furthermore, many of these lines exhibited fitness greater than the wild type. In a second experiment, we grew a subset of the lines in multiple environments and found whether a T‐DNA insert increased or decreased fitness traits depended on the assay environment. Overall, our evidence contradicts the hypothesis that genetic redundancy is a common phenomenon in A. thaliana for fitness traits. Evidence for redundancy from prior screens of knockout mutants may often be an artefact of the design of the phenotypic assays which have focused on less complex phenotypes than fitness and have used single environments. Finally, our study adds to evidence that beneficial mutations may represent a significant component of the mutational spectrum of A. thaliana.
Effects of ovarian fluid and genetic differences on sperm performance and fertilization success of alternative reproductive tactics in Chinook salmon
Authors: Lehnert S. J. , Butts I. A. E. , Flannery E. W. , Peters K. M. , Heath D. D. , Pitcher T. E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn many species, sperm velocity affects variation in the outcome of male competitive fertilization success. In fishes, ovarian fluid (OF) released with the eggs can increase male sperm velocity and potentially facilitate cryptic female choice for males of specific phenotypes and/or genotypes. Therefore, to investigate the effect of OF on fertilization success, we measured sperm velocity and conducted in vitro competitive fertilizations with paired Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) males representing two alternative reproductive tactics, jacks (small sneaker males) and hooknoses (large guarding males), in the presence of river water alone and OF mixed with river water. To determine the effect of genetic differences on fertilization success, we genotyped fish at neutral (microsatellites) and functional [major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II ß1] markers. We found that when sperm were competed in river water, jacks sired significantly more offspring than hooknoses; however, in OF, there was no difference in paternity between the tactics. Sperm velocity was significantly correlated with paternity success in river water, but not in ovarian fluid. Paternity success in OF, but not in river water alone, was correlated with genetic relatedness between male and female, where males that were less related to the female attained greater paternity. We found no relationship between MHC II ß1 divergence between mates and paternity success in water or OF. Our results indicate that OF can influence the outcome of sperm competition in Chinook salmon, where OF provides both male tactics with fertilization opportunities, which may in part explain what maintains both tactics in nature.
Enhancing Quality of Provider Practices for Older Adults in the Emergency Department (EQUiPPED)
Authors: Stevens Melissa , Hastings Susan N. , Markland Alayne D. , Hwang Ula , Hung William , Vandenberg Ann E. , Bryan William , Cross Dewayne , Powers James , McGwin Gerald , Fattouh Noor , Ho William , Clevenger Carolyn , Vaughan Camille P. 
Published: April 2017

EQUiPPED is a multicomponent quality improvement initiative combining education, electronic clinical decision support, and individual provider feedback to influence prescribing and improve medication safety for older adults. The objective here was to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of EQUiPPED to reduce the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), as defined by the American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria, prescribed to older Veterans at the time of emergency department (ED) discharge. This evaluation represents a pre‐ and post‐intervention comparison of PIM prescriptions at 4 urban Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center EDs. Poisson regression was used to compare the number of PIMs prescribed to Veterans 65 years or older discharged from the ED for at least 6 months prior to the first EQUiPPED intervention at each site and for at least 12 months following the final EQUiPPED intervention. The implementation timeline varied by site depending on local resources. All 4 sites showed a significant and sustained reduction in use of PIMs. The proportion of PIMs at site one decreased from 11.9% (SD 1.8) pre‐EQUiPPED to 5.1% (SD 1.4) post‐EQUiPPED (P < .0001); site 2 from 8.2% (SD 0.8) pre to 4.5% (SD 1.0) post (P < .0001); site 3 from 8.9% (SD 1.9) pre to 6.1% (SD 1.7) post (P = .0007); and site 4 from 7.4% (SD 1.7) pre to 5.7% (SD 0.8) post (P = .04). These results suggest a multicomponent program to influence provider prescribing behavior leads to safer prescribing for older adults discharged from the ED and is sustainable across multiple VA ED sites.
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Cultural Competence Assessment
Authors: Chae Duckhee , Kang Kyeong‐Hwa , Benkert Ramona , Doorenbos Ardith Z. 
Published: April 2017

AimThe 25 item Cultural Competence Assessment assesses the cultural competence of multiple types of healthcare providers. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the questionnaire (KCCA) and to determine the need for changes to improve its validity and reliability.MethodsData from 161 hospital nurses were used for the item analysis and to assess the reliability and construct validity of the KCCA before and after the deletion of nine items.ResultsThe KCCA did not demonstrate acceptable construct validity and subscale internal reliability. Nine items with high interitem correlations, high modification indices, and relatively lower factor loadings were deleted. The 16 item Modified KCCA showed improved construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability.ConclusionWhile further psychometric evaluation of the Modified KCCA should be undertaken with larger samples and diverse professionals, the study's data provide evidence that the Modified KCCA might be a more suitable measure for use among Korean healthcare providers.
Self‐report of temporomandibular joint clicking and psychological factors: is there an association?
Authors: Ukra A. , Foster Page L. A. , Thomson W. M. , Knight R. G. , Farella M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that self‐reported TMJ clicking sounds in adolescents are positively associated with non‐specific somatic symptoms, self‐perception of body image and care‐seeking behaviour. A cross‐sectional study was carried out in 353 young adolescents (48·4% females) recruited from community (N = 272) and orthodontic clinic (N = 81) settings. Assessments included self‐reported TMJ clicking, non‐specific physical symptoms, body image concerns and for the clinic sample only, the source of motivation for treatment. TMJ sounds were self‐reported by 19% of the sample and were associated with higher scores for non‐specific physical symptoms and body image concerns (P < 0·001). Adolescents who were self‐motivated to seek orthodontic treatment had greater scores for non‐specific physical symptoms, more body image concerns and tended to report TMJ sounds more often (26·3% and 7·7% respectively; P = 0·41) than those who were solely parent/family‐motivated to seek treatment. Self‐reported TMJ sounds in adolescents were associated with a propensity to somatisation and concerns with body image. Care‐seeking adolescents have greater non‐specific physical symptoms and body image concerns and tend to report more frequent TMJ sounds.
Influence of Post Space Preparation on the Apical Leakage of Calamus, Single‐Cone and Cold Lateral Condensation Obturation Techniques: A Computerized Fluid Filtration Study
Authors: Özkurt‐Kayahan Zeynep , Barut Güher , Ulusoy Zuhal , Oruçoğlu Hasan , Kayahan Mehmet Baybora , Kazazoğlu Ender , Haznedaroğlu Faruk 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeApical microleakage between the root canal and periapical tissues is considered a common cause of endodontic failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical microleakage of various obturation techniques after immediate post space preparations with different drills.Materials and MethodsOne hundred twenty human single‐rooted teeth were selected for this study. The coronal portions were removed to achieve a uniform length of 15 mm. All root canals were instrumented with ProTaper Next rotary files using crown‐down technique. The 120 roots were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups according to obturation technique (n = 40). The root canals were obturated with lateral condensation in group 1, single‐cone technique in group 2, and Calamus 3D obturation system in group 3. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 20) according to drill types (Gates Glidden and Peeso drills) leaving 5 mm of apical gutta‐percha. The apical microleakage was measured using the computerized fluid filtration meter method. The results were evaluated using Kruskal‐Wallis test with Bonferroni Corrected Mann‐Whitney U multiple comparison post hoc tests.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between obturation techniques after post space preparation with Peeso drills (p > 0.05). In Gates Glidden drill groups, single‐cone technique demonstrated higher leakage (0.0051 ± 0.0037 μl x min−1 × cmH2O−1) than Calamus techniques (0.0019 ± 0.0012 μl x min−1 × cmH2O−1) (p < 0.017).ConclusionsGates Glidden drills caused the highest apical leakage in teeth obturated with single‐cone technique.
The benefit of punishment sensitivity on motor performance under pressure
Authors: Manley Harry , Beattie Stuart , Roberts Ross , Lawrence Gavin P. , Hardy Lew 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveHumans are often required to perform demanding cognitive and motor tasks under pressure. However, in such environments there is considerable interindividual variability in the ability to successfully execute actions. Here, we consider how individual differences in self‐reported sensitivity to punishment influence skilled motor performance under pressure and whether this relationship is moderated by the temporal detection of threat.MethodAcross two studies, 160 UK participants (Study 1: N = 80, Mage = 21.6, 52 males; Study 2: N = 80, Mage = 24.95, 45 males) performed a precision‐grip task and received either early or late warning of an upcoming stressful manipulation involving social evaluation and performance‐dependent incentives.ResultsIn both studies, we report an interaction where punishment sensitivity was adaptive for motor performance only when threats were detected early and there was opportunity to prepare for the upcoming stressor. Further, our results suggest that the benefits of punishment sensitivity are likely underpinned by the effective use of cognitive strategies.ConclusionHeightened sensitivity to punishment is adaptive for performance under pressure, provided threats are detected early and effective cognitive strategies are implemented.
Exit site care in the Netherlands: the use of guidelines in practice
Authors: Hoekstra Bettie P. , de Vries‐Hoogsteen Anneke , Winkels Bieneke , Zevenbergen‐Osinga Helma , Thijssen‐Broers Ingrid , Bellemakers Trian ,   SIG PD, V&VN Dialysis & Nephrology
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundThe aim of this paper is to describe the quality of exit site care by evaluating the use of the Dutch exit site guideline over a period of 15 years.MethodThe special interest group (SIG) for peritoneal dialysis (PD) analysed results of three surveys concerning general exit site care among members of the Dutch Association for nurses and carers (V&VN), the dialysis and nephrology section.ResultsIn 2002 (when no guidelines were available) the survey showed huge diversity in practice, with no definition of the post‐operative period after catheter placement and no uniform monitoring of the exit site. There was a difference in use of dressings and exit site care. In 2009, the survey showed that most dialysis centres worked with the first guideline of the V&VN (2006) and exit site classification (2006). However, at this time, there was still diversity in the way exit site care was undertaken. In 2016, there was widespread use of guidelines and classification alongside a more individual approach to practice. Differences occured in use of disinfectant, antimicrobial ointment, swimming and going to the sauna.ConclusionThe exit site guideline has been widely used in the Netherlands, improving quality in care and utilising a more individual patient approach in care. However, there are still differences identified in practice for which the evidence‐base and evaluation will be undertaken to supplement the guideline and attribute to exit site care practice.
Prevalence in Visual Search: From the Clinic to the Lab and Back Again
Authors: Horowitz Todd S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOne of the most important applications of visual search is in the interpretation of medical images. Like many applications of visual search, medical image interpretation is typically characterized as a low “prevalence” context, meaning that targets are relatively rare. Breast cancer screening, for example, has a prevalence of around 0.5%. In this review, I present a survey of research on the effects of prevalence on visual search from both the medical image perception and basic psychological science perspectives. In order to provide some quantitative rigor, I include a meta‐analysis of the effects of low prevalence on visual search performance. I synthesize findings from both fields, and identify both the practical suggestions for clinical practice and theoretical insights for cognitive psychologists.
Calling for Collaboration: Women and Public Service in Dorothy Moore's Transnational Protestant Correspondence
Authors: Maxwell Felicity Lyn 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe study of early modern letters has flourished in the last 15 years, producing an abundance of literature and digital projects. Studies of women's letters and of the male‐dominated republic of letters have tended to self‐segregate, but thanks to Carol Pal'sRepublic of Womenand the groundbreaking work of several other specialists, prominent women in the republic of letters are now regaining their reputations. The ‘star of Utrecht’ Anna Maria van Schurman and the ‘incomparable’ Lady Ranelagh are indeed stellar examples. Within their constellation, Dorothy Moore, a relative of Ranelagh and fellow member of the Hartlib circle, engaged in correspondence with leading intellectuals in Ireland, London, and the Dutch Republic, in hopes of clarifying together how educated women could serve the transnational Protestant public of which they were members.Through examining key letters, this article argues that Moore used correspondence not to promote pre‐formed ideas or pursue a particular career, but rather to engage in collaborative problem solving and unofficial public service. Moore's letters demonstrate that she felt called to serve the public but, lacking literal ‘calls’ (appointments) and a steady income, required innovative advice and practical assistance. Although Moore's brief but intense correspondence with André Rivet helped develop her theory of women's vocation, it did not identify new ways for women to serve the Protestant public as a whole. Nevertheless, Moore could use strategic circulation of letters addressed to Ranelagh as a means of edifying select audiences, while collaborating with and eventually marrying John Dury provided further opportunities.
British Authors Published Abroad
Authors: Stevenson Jane 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMy present work is a study of British authors published abroad. In the seventeenth century, English and Scots had a negligible readership outside the British Isles. The principal languages of Europe were Latin, the language of the clerisy and of scientific exchange, and French, the language of chivalry and diplomacy. It follows that British authors could make an impression abroad only if they wrote in Latin or if their work underwent translation. The quantity and significance of the resultant literature is little understood. Additionally, because there is so little translation of literary texts, the importance of translation out of English is often underestimated. A huge amount of political and theological writing was published in Dutch translation: There is also an important phenomenon of “onward translation” from Dutch to German, and from German to the Scandinavian languages, Polish, and other tongues, without reference to the original English texts (there is also a smaller, but significant “onward” process from French to other romance languages). The Elizabethan puritans in particular have a major presence in Continental translation. There is also a political dimension to publication abroad: The English state attempted to remedy propaganda disasters by having recourse to foreign presses, and dissident writers attempted to sway opinion both at home and abroad. Furthermore, significant quantities of writing were produced within diaspora communities; the most salient being the separatist Protestant churches in the Netherlands that included the Pilgrim Fathers, and the Catholic seminaries and monasteries. Many of these had well‐developed networks of international communication.
Reliability and Validity of the Quality of Life Questionnaire in Iranian Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: POURMOMENY Abbas Ali. , ZARGHAM Mahtab , FANI Maedeh 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire in patients with urinary incontinence (UI).MethodsThe English questionnaire on lower urinary tract symptoms was initially translated into Persian, and then back‐translated into English. Final modifications were made after testing the questionnaire on Iranian patients with UI. To validate the translated questionnaire, the following tests were undertaken: content/face validity, internal consistency/reliability and construct validity.ResultsThe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life (LUTS–QoL) questionnaire showed good internal consistency, content validity, and criterion validity, as measured by correlation with scores on the Short‐Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.951, indicating a high internal consistency. Concerning criterion validity, correlations between the LUTS–QoL and subscales of the SF‐36 were 0.563–0.193. The highest correlation was found between the LUTS–QoL and the social function subscale of the SF‐36.ConclusionThe Iranian version of the LUTS–QoL questionnaire is a valid and robust instrument that can be used reliably in clinical settings and in research.