bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptin induces MMP1/13 and ADAMTS 4 expressions through bone morphogenetic protein‐2 autocrine effect in human chondrocytes
Authors: Su Yu‐Ping , Chen Cheng‐Nan , Huang Kuo‐Chin , Chang Hsin‐I , Lee Ko‐Chao , Lo Chun‐Min , Chang Shun‐Fu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe induction of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2 in injured and arthritis articular cartilage has been proposed, but the precise mechanism has not been clearly clarified. Our previous study has found that leptin could stimulate the BMP2 autocrine effect to increase the anabolic collagen II expression when it initiates the catabolic response in human chondrocytes. It has been suggested that this BMP2 autocrine effect contributes to a reparative role in leptin‐stimulated human chondrocytes. In this study, we further determined whether this BMP2 autocrine effect also affect the expressions of catabolic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS). Human primary and SW1353 chondrocytes were used in this study. It was shown that leptin could induce the expressions of MMP1, 3, and 13 and ADAMTS4 and 5 in both human primary and SW1353 chondrocytes. Leptin‐increased MMP1/13 (not MMP3) and ADAMTS4 (not ADAMTS5) expressions were affected by the leptin‐upregulated BMP2 and its specific downstream Smad1/5 signaling. Moreover, both HDAC3 and 4 are involved in regulating leptin‐induced BMP2 upregulation and then affect MMP1 and 13 and ADAMTS4 expression. Both HDAC3 and 4 also affect leptin‐increased MMP3 mRNA expression but not through BMP2 autocrine effect of leptin induction. Our results further elucidated the role of BMP2 autocrine effect in matrix‐degrading enzymes expressions under leptin stimulation. The findings in this study provide new insights into the possible mechanism of BMP2 induction in leptin‐stimulated chondrocytes and in leptin‐induced OA development.
Knockdown of Ski decreased the reactive astrocytes proliferation in vitro induced by oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhou Kai‐Sheng , Li Zhong‐Hao , Nan Wei , Wang Jing , Xia Ya‐Yi , Zhang Hai‐Hong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGlia scar is a pathological marker in late phase of brain ischemia disease, which constitutes a major physical biochemical barrier to impede axonal regrowth. Astrocytes are known to be critically involved in the formation of glial scar. However, their response to ischemia and their role in neuroprotection after central nervous system (CNS) injury are not completely clear. Recently, we have demonstrated for the first time that Ski was up‐regulated in reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury in vivo and in vitro, which indicates Ski may be a new molecule that control astrocytes biologic properties after CNS injury. However, its role in the process of reactive astrogliosis after cerebral ischemia and its definite mechanism still remains unknown. This study is to elucidate the role of Ski in reactive astrocytes induced by oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in vitro. The expression of Ski was proved to be up‐regulated in OGD/R model. Meanwhile, Up‐regulation of Ski was accompanied with high ratio of EdU (+) cells and up‐expression of related proteins including GFAP, PCNA, CDK4, and CyclinD1, which demonstrated the distinct activation and proliferation of astrocytes after stimulation by OGD/R. Astrocytes were transfected with Ski‐specific siRNA to knockdown Ski expression and subsequently attenuated OGD‐induced astrocyte proliferation. Our results also showed that Ski down‐regulation could suppress the activity of the Ras‐Raf‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Together, knockdown of Ski can effectively inhibit the proliferation of reactive astrogliosis via suppressing the Ras‐Raf‐ERK1/2 pathway. These findings indicated that maybe Ski is a promising therapeutic target for cerebral ischemic injury.
IL‐1β‐induced miR‐34a up‐regulation inhibits Cyr61 to modulate osteoarthritis chondrocyte proliferation through ADAMTS‐4
Authors: Yang Bo , Ni Jiangdong , Long Hui , Huang Jun , Yang Cheng , Huang Xianzhe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease with multifactorial etiology caused by risk factors. The degradation of aggrecan by upregulated ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) is the key event in the development of OA. ADAMTS‐4 contributes to aggrecan degradation in human OA. Cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61), which is associated with diseases related to chronic inflammation, is found in articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis and appears to suppress ADAMTS‐4 activity, possibly leading to chondrocyte cloning. Herein, we first revealed that Cyr61 and ADAMTS‐4 protein levels were remarkably increased in OA cartilage tissues and OA chondrocytes, and verified Cyr61 regulation of ADAMTS‐4 in normal and OA chondrocyte. Further, we revealed that Cyr61 could promote OA chondrocyte proliferation through inhibiting ADAMTS‐4. Overproduction of inflammatory cytokines plays a vital role in the pathological development of OA; herein, we demonstrated that IL‐1β inhibited Cyr61, while promoted ADAMTS‐4 expression. By using online tools and luciferase assays, we confirmed that miR‐34a, a regulatory miRNA of chondrocyte proliferation, could directly bind to the 3′‐UTR of Cyr61 to inhibit its expression; further, IL‐1β regulated Cyr61 and ADAMTS‐4 expression through miR‐34a. In OA cartilage tissues, miR‐34a, and IL‐1β mRNA expression was up‐regulated and positively correlated; miR‐34a and Cyr61 mRNA was positively correlated, further indicating that suppressing miR‐34a expression might rescue IL‐1β‐induced Cyr61 suppression, and promote OA chondrocyte proliferation. Taken together, we provided novel experimental basis for rescuing OA chondrocyte proliferation through miR‐34a/Cyr61 axis.
2,5‐hexanedione induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis via inhibition of Akt/Bad signal pathway
Authors: Sun Jingsong , Shi Xiaoxia , Li Shuangyue , Piao Fengyuan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract2,5‐Hexanedione (HD) is an important bioactive metabolite of n‐hexane and mediates the neurotoxicity of parent compound. Studies show that HD induces apoptotic death of neural progenitor cells. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential stem cells with the ability to differentiate into various cell types and have been used as cell model for studying the toxic effects of chemicals on stem cells. In this study, we exposed rat bone marrow MSCs to 0, 10, 20, and 40 mM HD in vitro. Apoptosis and disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential were estimated by immunochemistry staining. The expression of Akt, Bad, phosphorylated Akt (p‐Akt), and Bad (p‐Bad) as well as cytochrome c in mitochondria and cytosol were examined by Western blot. Moreover, caspase 3 activity, viability, and death of cells were measured by spectrophotometry. Our results showed that HD induced cell apoptosis and increased caspase 3 activity. HD down‐regulated the expression levels of p‐Akt, p‐Bad and induced MMP depolarization, followed by cytochrome c release. Moreover, HD led to a concentration‐dependent increase in the MSCs death, which was relative to MSCs apoptosis. However, these toxic effects of HD on the MSCs were significantly mitigated in the presence of IGF, which could activate PI3 K/Akt pathway. These results indicated that HD induced mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis in the MSCs via inhibiting Akt/Bad signaling pathway and apoptotic death of MSCs via the signaling pathway. These results might provide some clues for studying further the mechanisms of HD‐induced stem cell apoptosis and adverse effect on neurogenesis.
Retracted: Effects of long non‐coding RNA HOST2 on cell migration and invasion by regulating MicroRNA let‐7b in breast cancer
Authors: Lu Peng‐Wei , Li Lin , Wang Fang , Gu Yuan‐Ting 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe study intends to investigate the effects of long non‐coding RNA HOST2 (lncRNA HOST2) on cell migration and invasion by regulating microRNA let‐7b (let‐7b) in breast cancer. Breast cancer and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 98 patients with breast cancer. Breast cancer MCF‐7 cells were divided into the blank, negative control (NC), pcDNA3‐Mock, siHOST2, let‐7b inhibitor, pcDNA3‐HOST2, let‐7b mimic, pcDNA3‐HOST2 + let‐7b mimic, and siHOST2 + let‐7b inhibitor groups. RT‐qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of HOST2, let‐7b, and c‐Myc. Western blotting was conducted to measure the c‐Myc expression. Scratch test and Transwell assay were applied to detect the cell motility, migration, and invasion. Xenograft tumor in nude mice was performed to evaluate the effect of different transfection on the tumor growth. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, HOST2 expression was higher but let‐7b expression lower in breast cancer tissues. HOST2 expression in breast cancer cells was remarkably increased compared with that in the normal breast epithelial MCF‐10A cells. In MCF‐7 cells, in comparison with the blank and NC groups, expressions of HOST2 and c‐Myc were reduced, but let‐7b expression was remarkably elevated in the siHOST2 and let‐7b mimic groups; the let‐7b inhibitor group exhibited higher expressions of HOST2 and c‐Myc but lower let‐7b expression. Overexpression of HOST2 could promote cell motility, migration and invasion, thus enhancing the growth of breast cancer tumor. By inhibiting HOST2, opposite trends were found. LncRNA HOST2 promotes cell migration and invasion by inhibiting let‐7b in breast cancer patients.
Institutional ownership and return volatility in the casino industry
Authors: Lin Yongjia , Fu Xiaoqing , Gu Xinhua , Song Haiyan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUsing a sample that covers all casino companies in Macao from March 2010 to June 2015, this paper investigates the impact of institutional investment on stock return volatility in the casino industry. The results suggest that higher institutional ownership is conducive to lower return volatility on Macao casino stocks. Such volatility also hinges on policy shifts, such as China's anti‐corruption campaign, in tourist source communities. In addition, the estimation reveals that both smoking bans and business size significantly decrease return volatility, whereas cross‐listing increases return volatility significantly.
Enrichment of Circular Tanks with Vertically Suspended Strings of Colored Balls Improves Rainbow Trout Rearing Performance
Authors: Kientz Jeremy L , Crank Kathleen M , Barnes Michael E 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of two different environmental enrichment structures on the growth and condition of juvenile Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish were reared in covered tanks with vertically suspended linear or spherical structures. Spherical structures were comprised of seven colored plastic balls that were vertically stacked and suspended on a string from the overhead tank covers, while linear structures consisted of vertically oriented aluminum rods. In the tanks with either of the environmental enrichment treatments, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved relative to control tanks. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also significantly improved with the use of spherical structures compared to the use of linear structures. To provide substantial benefits during the rearing of Rainbow Trout in circular tanks, the use of vertically suspended spherical structures is recommended.
Carbon Governance Arrangements and the Nation‐State: The Reconfiguration of Public Authority in Developing Countries
Authors: Hickmann Thomas , Fuhr Harald , Höhne Chris , Lederer Markus , Stehle Fee 
Published: December 2017

SummarySeveral scholars concerned with global policy‐making have recently pointed to a reconfiguration of authority in the area of climate politics. They have shown that various new carbon governance arrangements have emerged, which operate simultaneously at different governmental levels. However, despite the numerous descriptions and mapping exercises of these governance arrangements, we have little systematic knowledge on their workings within national jurisdictions, let alone about their impact on public‐administrative systems in developing countries. Therefore, this article opens the “black box” of the nation‐state and explores how and to what extent two different arrangements, that is, Transnational City Networks and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, generate changes in the distribution of public authority in nation‐states and their administrations. Building upon conceptual assumptions that the former is likely to lead to more decentralized, and the latter to more centralized policy‐making, we provide insights from case studies in Indonesia, South Africa, Brazil, and India. In a nutshell, our analysis underscores that Transnational City Networks strengthen climate‐related actions taken by cities without ultimately decentralizing climate policy‐making. On the other hand, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation tends to reinforce the competencies of central governments, but apparently does not generate a recentralization of the forestry sector at large.
Chlorantraniliprole resistance and its biochemical and new molecular target mechanisms in laboratory and field strains of Chilo suppressalis (Walker)
Authors: Sun Yang , Xu Lu , Chen Qiong , Qin Wenjing , Huang Shuijin , Jiang Ying , Qin Houguo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe rice striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is one of the most economically important and destructive rice pests in China. To date, the efficiency of conventional insecticides has decreased greatly because of the development of high resistance. Since the introduction of chlorantraniliprole in 2008, SSB has presented resistance issues.RESULTSIn this study, laboratory resistant strains R1 and R2 [resistance ratio (RR) of 38.8 and 110.4, respectively] were established and a field population HR (RR of 249.6) was collected. Synergist assessment and enzyme activity data suggested the potential involvement of P450s and esterases in the resistance mechanism. No target (ryanodine receptor, RyR) mutation was found in R1, but a novel mutation Y4667D was found in R2. At the same position of RyR in HR strain, Y4667D and Y4667C were observed at low frequencies. In addition, the conserved mutation I4758M was found with a frequency of 94.4%. RyR mRNA expression was significantly lower in R1, R2 and HR than in S. When treated with chlorantraniliprole, RyR mRNA expression in all four strains was downregulated to ∼ 50%.CONCLUSIONSA comprehensive analysis, including biochemical, target mutations and target mRNA expression, was conducted in an attempt to interpret the chlorantraniliprole resistance mechanism in both laboratory and field SSB strains. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Derivatives of 4, 4’‐Oxydianiline Show Distinct In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Induction, and Selectivity against HepG2 Cancer Cells
Authors: Pillai Vineeta , Buch Lipi , Desai Arpita , Singh Vinay K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGathering of number of pharmacophore on a single molecular platform evidently lead to improved therapeutic efficiencies and reduced side effects of conventional chemotherapy drugs. Three diamino precursors 4,4’‐bis(2‐(alkylamino)acetamido)diphenylether (L1‐L3) was selected to derive new series of metallomacrocyclic dithiocarbamate complexes [M2‐μ2‐bis‐{(κ2S,S‐S2CN(R)CH2CONHC6H4)2O}] {R=Cy, M=NiII1a, CuII 1 b, ZnII1c; R=iPr, M=NiII2a, CuII 2 b, ZnII2c; R=nBu, M=NiII3a, CuII 3 b, ZnII3c}. These were characterized by standard spectroscopic and thermogravimetric methods. MTT assay was carried out on these compounds to explore their in vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 (hepatoma) cell line. The diamino derivatives (L1‐L3) in their metal‐free form and metallomacrocyclic complexes, 1 a, 1 c, 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 3 a, 3 b and 3 c exhibit improved cytotoxicity than Cisplatin and selectivity against HepG2 over normal cells. Remarkably, complexes 2 c (3.55 ± 0.06 μM) and 3 c (2.19 ± 0.04 μM) demonstrate 21 folds to 34 folds better cytotoxic activity whereas L3 (5.49 ± 0.04 μM), 1 a (7.27 ± 0.16 μM) and 3 a (4.42 ± 0.06 μM) showed more than 10 fold better cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell line as compared to the reference drug Cisplatin. Morphological evidences like shrinking of cells indicates the induction of apoptosis as part of the mechanism of action of these compounds which is further supported by the distinct staining of the cells by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB).
An overview of combined D‐2‐ and L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria: functional analysis of CIC variants
Authors: Pop Ana , Williams Monique , Struys Eduard A. , Monné Magnus , Jansen Erwin E. W. , De Grassi Anna , Kanhai Warsha A. , Scarcia Pasquale , Ojeda Matilde R. Fernandez , Porcelli Vito , van Dooren Silvy J. M. , Lennertz Pascal , Nota Benjamin , Abdenur Jose E. , Coman David , Das Anibh Martin , El‐Gharbawy Areeg , Nuoffer Jean‐Marc , Polic Branka , Santer René , Weinhold Natalie , Zuccarelli Britton , Palmieri Ferdinando , Palmieri Luigi , Salomons Gajja S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCombined D‐2‐ and L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D/L‐2‐HGA) is a devastating neurometabolic disorder, usually lethal in the first years of life. Autosomal recessive mutations in the SLC25A1 gene, which encodes the mitochondrial citrate carrier (CIC), were previously detected in patients affected with combined D/L‐2‐HGA. We showed that transfection of deficient fibroblasts with wild‐type SLC25A1 restored citrate efflux and decreased intracellular 2‐hydroxyglutarate levels, confirming that deficient CIC is the cause of D/L‐2‐HGA. We developed and implemented a functional assay and applied it to all 17 missense variants detected in a total of 26 CIC‐deficient patients, including eight novel cases, showing reduced activities of varying degrees. In addition, we analyzed the importance of residues affected by these missense variants using our existing scoring system. This allowed not only a clinical and biochemical overview of the D/L‐2‐HGA patients but also phenotype–genotype correlation studies.
Persuasion strategies and sexual solicitations and interactions in online sexual grooming of adolescents: Modeling direct and indirect pathways
Authors: Gámez‐Guadix Manuel , Almendros Carmen , Calvete Esther , De Santisteban Patricia 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTOnline sexual grooming and exploitation of adolescents is receiving increasing social attention. Drawing on a social influence framework, the aim of this study was to test a model of the direct and mediated relationships between an adult's use of persuasion strategies and online sexual grooming of early adolescents. The initial sample of the study consisted of 2731 early Spanish adolescents between 12 and 15 years old (50.6% female). Of these, 196 adolescents (7.17% of the total; 53% girls) were involved in online grooming (mean age = 14.93, SD = 0.90). Persuasion strategies by the adult through internet increased the probability of using deceit, bribery, and the minor's nonsexual involvement. In addition, deceit and bribery were associated with higher rates of sexual solicitation, which in turn increased abusive sexual interactions. Understanding strategies used by adults to groom minors contributes to the prevention of and intervention in this crucial societal problem.
Drag coefficient of a liquid domain with distinct viscosity in a fluid membrane
Authors: Tani Hisasi , Fujitani Youhei 
Published: December 2017

We calculate the drag coefficient of a circular liquid domain in a flat fluid membrane surrounded by three-dimensional fluids on both sides. The coefficient of a rigid disk is well known, while that of a circular liquid domain is also well known when the membrane viscosity inside the domain equals the one outside the domain. As the ratio of the former viscosity to the latter increases to infinity, the drag coefficient of a liquid domain should approach that of the disk of the same size in the same ambient viscosities. This approach has not yet been shown explicitly, however. When the ratio is not unity, the continuity of the stress makes the velocity gradient discontinuous across the domain perimeter in the membrane. On the other hand, the velocity gradient is continuous in the ambient fluids, whose velocity field should agree with that of the membrane as the spatial point approaches the membrane. This means that we need to assume dipole singularity along the domain perimeter in solving the governing equations unless the ratio is unity. In the present study, we take this singularity into account and obtain the drag coefficient of a liquid domain as a power series with respect to a dimensionless parameter, which equals zero when the ratio is unity and approaches unity when the ratio tends to infinity. As the parameter increases to unity, the sum of the series is numerically shown to approach the drag coefficient of the disk.
Using targeted solution tools as an initiative to improve hand hygiene: challenges and lessons learned
Authors: AL-TAWFIQ J. A. , TREBLE M. , ABDRABALNABI R. , OKEAHIALAM C. , KHAZINDAR S. , MYERS S. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYThe Joint Commission Centre for Transforming Healthcare's Web-based Targeted Solutions Tool (TST) for improving hand hygiene was implemented to elucidate contributing factors to low compliance rates of hand hygiene. Monitoring of compliance was done by trained unknown and known observers and rates of hospital-acquired infections were tracked and correlated against the changes in hand hygiene compliance. In total, 5669 of hand hygiene observations were recorded by the secret observers. The compliance rate increased from 75·4% at baseline (May–August 2014) to 88·6% during the intervention (13 months) and the control periods (P < 0·0001). Reductions in healthcare-associated infection rates were recorded for Clostridium difficle infections from 7·95 (CI 0·8937–28·72) to 1·84 (CI 0·02411–10·26) infections per 10 000 patient-days (P = 0·23), central line-associated blood-stream infections from 5·9 (CI 1·194–17·36) to 2·9 (0·7856–7·475) per 1000 device days (P = 0·37) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections from 5·941 (CI 1·194–17·36) to 0 per 1000 device days (P = 0·42). The top contributing factors for non-compliance were: improper use of gloves, hands full of supplies or medications and frequent entry or exit in isolation areas. We conclude that the application of TST allows healthcare organisations to improve hand hygiene compliance and to identify the factors contributing to non-compliance.
Dengue hospitalisations in Brazil: annual wave from West to East and recent increase among children
Authors: WUNDERLICH J. , ACUÑA-SOTO R. , ALONSO W. J. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYThe number of dengue epidemics in Brazil has increased dramatically in the last 15 years. In this study, we analysed the seasonal patterns in the incidence of hospitalisations due to dengue across the different states of Brazil and compared these with the corresponding climatic patterns. We discovered that the seasonality of dengue hospitalisations in Brazil has a clear zonal gradient, characterised by the progression of primary peaks from West to East during the first half of the year, which may be associated with the increased vapour pressure and rainfall during this period, leading to increased mosquito abundance and activity. We also found that the proportion of children among hospitalised individuals was especially high during the peak outbreaks in 2007/2008 and 2010. This may be due to the emergence and spread of the new DENV-2 Southeast Asian genotype lineage II from 2007, which has probably arrived from the Caribbean and may have caused an increase in incidence and severity of the disease, particularly among children. Our findings may allow health systems to improve control interventions and contribute to reducing dengue morbidity and mortality by using integrated vector control in conjunction with early diagnosis and prompt supportive care.