bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent development of non‐iridium‐based electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Shi Lei , Zhang Wenhui , Li Jiayu , Yan Qing , Chen Zhengfei , Zhou Xianbo , Li Jihong , Gao Ruiqin , Wu Yuxue , Li Guo‐Dong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProton exchange membrane water electrolyser (PEMWE) possesses great significance for the production of high purity of hydrogen. To expedite the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that involved multiple electron–proton‐coupled process, efficient and stable electrocatalysts are highly desired. Currently, noble‐metal Ir‐based materials are the benchmark anode due to its corrosion‐resistant property and favourable combination of activity/stability. However, the large‐scale deployment of PEMWE is usually constrained due to the use of the scarcest element iridium. In this review, we disclose the current research progress towards the non‐iridium‐based electrocatalysts for OER in acidic media, and then summarize some typical oxides that possesses good catalytic performance. Besides, we also present the unresolved problems and challenges in an attempt to enhance the activity/stability of these catalysts.
A Highly Capacitive Graphene/Multiholed N‐CNTs Hybrid Evolved from Black Humate‐Co‐melamine Precursor
Authors: Zhao Hui , Cheng Jun , Song Zhaozhe , Wang Qianyu , Yang Nana , Xiang Dening , Dai Rundong , Wang Xiaoqin , Xiong Shanxin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBlack humic acid (BA) is a black mixture of organic macromolecules isolated from humic acid, which has a greater potential for graphene transformation than fulvic acid and ulmic acid because of more and larger aromatic units and higher molecular weights exceeding 5000 Dalton. Here, chemically bonded BA−Co‐Melamine precursors are initially constructed using different BA fractions as substrate, Co2+ as bridge bond and melamine as ligand. A series of Graphene/N‐CNTs hybrids (GNCs) is eventually synthesized after the precursor pyrolysis. Resultantly, Fraction I, separated at a pH value of 4.16, plays a significant role on constructing the BA−Co‐Melamine precursor and further producing multiholed GNCs. Due to abundant CNTs, rich mesopores, moderate nitrogen incorporation and a certain graphitized assembly structure, the prepared GNC‐I‐b has high capacitance performances. The assembled AC//GNC‐I‐b supercapacitor has high specific capacitance (147 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), rate capability, cycling stability and energy density (16.8 Wh kg−1 at 14.4 kW kg−1). The 2032 coin‐type Li//GNC‐I‐b half‐cell has high initial discharge capacity (759 mAh g−1 at 0.03 A g−1), initial Coulombic efficiency (81.8 %), rate performance and cycling stability. Hence, the GNC is a favorable high‐performance carbon material hopefully applied as electrode materials of supercapacitors and LIBs.
Energy efficient permanence‐based community detection algorithm
Authors: Saini Hardik , Kumar Vivek , Chakraborty Tanmoy 
Published: October 2024

SummaryDetecting an accurate community structure is a crucial task in network analysis. With the increasing popularity of social networking sites, it is essential to have a community detection algorithm that is not only efficien but also cost‐effective for running in data centers. There are several metrics for estimating the accuracy of community detection. However, previous research has shown that permanence, a vertex‐centric metric, provides the most precise estimate of a community structure compared to other approaches. Despite this, no study has been conducted on parallelizing a permanence‐based community detection algorithm and analyzing its energy efficiency. This article introduces Amoeba, a task parallel implementation of a permanence‐based community detection algorithm designed for multicore processors. It uses dynamic tasking to schedule the inherent irregular computation, and it can dynamically adapt the total number of parallel threads, which results in improved energy efficiency. We evaluated Amoeba using several real‐world and artificial graphs on a multicore server processor. Our experimental results show that Amoeba achieves a geometric mean speedup of 15.3 over its sequential implementation, and due to thread adaptability, it achieves energy savings of 12.4% and a speedup of 6% over its nonadaptive implementation.
Scanning Transmission Soft X‐Ray Microscopy Probes Topical Drug Delivery of Rapamycin Facilitated by Microneedles
Authors: Laux J. A. , Ohigashi T. , Bittermann M. R. , Araki T. , Yuzawa H. , Rancan F. , Vogt A. , Rühl E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractScanning Transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM) is a sensitive and selective probe for the penetration of rapamycin which is topically applied to human skin ex vivo and is facilitated by skin treatment with microneedles puncturing the skin. Inner‐shell excitation serves as a selective probe for detecting rapamycin by changes in optical density as well as linear combination modeling using reference spectra of the most abundant species. The results indicate that mechanical damage induced by microneedles allows this drug to accumulate in the stratum corneum without reaching the viable skin layers. This is unlike intact skin which shows no drug penetration at all and underscores the mechanical impact of microneedle skin treatment. These results are compared to drug penetration profiles of other drugs highlighting the importance of skin barriers. High spatial resolution studies also indicate that the lipophilic drug rapamycin is observed in corneocytes. Attempts in data evaluation are reported to probe rapamycin also in the lipid layers between the corneocytes, which was not accomplished before. These results are compared to recent results on rapamycin uptake in skin where barrier impairment was induced by pre‐treatment with the enzyme trypsin and drug formulations leading to occlusion.
Essential Fluidics for a Flow Cytometer
Authors: Suthanthiraraj Pearlson Prashanth Austin , Shreve Andrew P. , Graves Steven W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFlow cytometry is an inherently fluidic process that flows particles on a one‐by‐one basis through a sensing region to discretely measure their optical and physical properties. It can be used to analyze particles ranging in size from nanoparticles to whole organisms (e.g., zebrafish). It has particular value for blood analysis, and thus most instruments are fluidically optimized for particles that are comparable in size to a typical blood cell. The principles of fluid dynamics allow for particles of such size to be precisely positioned in flow as they pass through sensing regions that are tens of microns in length at linear velocities of meters per second. Such fluidic systems enable discrete analysis of cell‐sized particles at rates approaching 100 kHz. For larger particles, the principles of fluidics greatly reduce the achievable rates, but such high rates of data acquisition for cell‐sized particles allow rapid collection of information on many thousands to millions of cells and provides for research and clinical measurements of both rare and common cell populations with a high degree of statistical confidence. Additionally, flow cytometers can accurately count particles via the use of volumetric sample delivery and can be coupled with high‐throughput sampling technologies to greatly increase the rate at which independent samples can be delivered to the system. Due to the combination of high analysis rates, sensitive multiparameter measurements, high‐throughput sampling, and accurate counting, flow cytometry analysis is the gold standard for many critical applications in clinical, research, pharmaceutical, and environmental areas. Beyond the power of flow cytometry as an analytical technique, the fluidic pathway can be coupled with a sorting mechanism to collect particles based on desired properties. We present an overview of fluidic systems that enable flow cytometry–based analysis and sorting. We introduce historical approaches, explanations of commonly implemented fluidics, and brief discussions of potential future fluidics where appropriate. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
IntAct Database for Accessing IMEx's Contextual Metadata of Molecular Interactions
Authors: Panneerselvam Kalpana , Porras Pablo , del‐Toro Noemí , Perfetto Livia , Shrivastava Anjali , Ragueneau Eliot , Reyes Juan Jose Medina , Orchard Sandra , Hermjakob Henning ,   IMEx Consortium Curators
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe International Molecular Exchange Consortium (IMEx) has evolved into a vital partnership of open resources dedicated to curating molecular interaction data from the scientific literature. This consortium, which includes IntAct, MINT, MatrixDB, and DIP, is a collaborative effort with a central mission of aggregating detailed molecular interaction experimental evidence in a machine‐readable format, supported by controlled vocabularies and standard ontologies. The IntAct molecular interaction database (www.ebi.ac.uk/intact), as an IMEx partner, serves as a valuable portal for accessing IMEx data through user‐friendly search options and an array of interactive filters. The resource currently hosts an extensive repository of 1,293,508 binary interactions meticulously captured from 75,098 experiments documented in 23,366 publications (as of the February 2024 release), with this corpora being added to by regular data releases. IMEx curation policy has consistently prioritized a fine‐grained data and curation model, with a focus on capturing the relevant experimental details essential for interpreting molecular interaction data effectively. Our curation process is designed to support the generation of interactomes tailored to contexts such as disease‐specific or tissue‐/cell‐type‐specific interactomes. These interactions are ranked according to a scoring system based on the Proteomics Standard Initiative Molecular Interaction (PSI MI) standards. This scoring system allows users to assess the degree of confidence in binary interactions, enhancing the value of the data. The resource provides insights into the nature of relationships among interacting partners as defined by the experimental setup and the associated biological context. Interactive filters enable users to navigate these rich, multilayered data, promoting a deeper understanding of biological complexity. Additionally, the IntAct website fosters the creation of networks for collaborative analyses by the scientific community. The recent transformation of the IntAct website, supported by a graph‐type database, empowers users to execute custom queries tailored to their specific research interests. This article illustrates the diverse levels of annotations available for interactions and the multiple search options at users’ disposal to access data of interest. © 2024 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Using Quick Search, network visualization, and filtersSupport Protocol: Accessing fine annotations from intact: Unlocking the molecular detailsAlternate Protocol: Using batch search: Querying multiple interactorsBasic Protocol 2: Using advanced search: Precision and customization
Investigating the spatial associations between thatch and white grub populations in imidacloprid‐treated turfgrass
Authors: Huling Andrew , McGraw Benjamin A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractField surveys were conducted on golf courses reporting the inability of imidacloprid to control white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) when applied preventively. Surveys of five sites with significant past imidacloprid use (>10 years) revealed significantly greater white grub populations in rough‐mown turf following imidacloprid treatment than that of adjacent short‐mown fairways. Additionally, spatial analysis by distance indicEs (SADIE) analyses demonstrated a positive correlation between white grub and thatch spatial patterns. To investigate the impact of thatch on imidacloprid efficacy and translocation throughout the turfgrass plant, greenhouse experiments were conducted using turf with differing thatch levels. Imidacloprid concentrations in soil and plant tissues were measured with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared to values obtained through an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to determine if the latter could be a cost‐effective alternative in future studies. ELISA provided reliable estimates of concentrations of imidacloprid compared to HPLC, with only minor discrepancies noted across different types of treatments and assessment timings. Despite finding higher imidacloprid levels in leaf tissues compared to roots and some differences in concentration across thatch treatments, there was no clear pattern showing that thatch thickness significantly affects imidacloprid penetration or accumulation in plant tissues or soil over time. These findings suggest that factors other than thatch thickness may contribute to the observed field failures of imidacloprid in controlling white grubs. Further research is necessary to identify these factors and optimize the use of imidacloprid in turfgrass pest management strategies.
Triple Enzymatic Cascade Reaction to Produce Hydroxytyrosol Acetate from Olive Leaves Using Integrated Membrane Bioreactors
Authors: Mazzei Rosalinda , Bazzarelli Fabio , Terholsen Henrik , Nardi Monica , Piacentini Emma , Procopio Antonio , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Giorno Lidietta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn integrated system of three membrane bioreactors (MBRs) has been developed that cascades three different enzymatic reactions. The integrated system was applied to produce hydroxytyrosol acetate from oleuropein extracted from olive leaves. Different reactor configurations for each reaction were tested and individually optimized to select the MBR to ensure high conversion and continuous production of oleuropein aglycone (OA), hydroxytyrosol (HY) and hydroxytyrosol acetate (HA). Based on this study, the most performing configuration of the integrated system was identified. In the first reaction, oleuropein was converted to OA using a biocatalytic membrane reactor (BMR) with immobilized β‐glucosidase in polymeric membranes (conversion 95 %). The OA was then fed to another BMR, where it was converted to HY (conversion: 70 %) by an immobilized mutant of the promiscuous hydrolase/acyltransferase (PestE) (from the thermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum calidifontis VA1). The HY produced was then acetylated using PestE immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles in a multiphase MBR (conversion: 98 %) and simultaneously extracted (extraction: 98 %) in ethyl acetate. The work demonstrates that continuous cascade enzymatic reactions can be engineered using artificial membranes to tailor enzyme compartmentalization, mass transport and phase contact according to reaction requirements. Besides, environmental factors proved the sustainability of the integrated membrane bioreactive system.
Dietary fibre and metabolic health: A clinical primer
Authors: Mocanu Valentin , Madsen Karen L 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDietary fibres consist of a heterogeneous group of carbohydrate polymers which resist digestion by human gastrointestinal enzymes. Consumption of dietary fibre has been linked with innumerable health benefits encompassing the foundational pillars of metabolic health from obesity to hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with many of these benefits linked with metabolites produced by the fermentation of fibre by gut microbes [1]. The potential of dietary fibre to provide a safe and effective nonpharmacologic complementary tool with which to combat the evolving consequences of the obesity epidemic has recently garnered tremendous attention in both medical literature and lay media alike.Highlights
Consumption of dietary fibre has been linked with innumerable health benefits encompassing the foundational pillars of metabolic health with many of these benefits linked with metabolites produced by the fermentation of fibre by gut microbes
At the present time clinicians are faced with an impossible task in which there is rapidly mounting evidence for dietary fibres advancing metabolic health, but little practical options for healthcare providers other than to simply recommend patients consume more fibre.
Benefits of fibre intake may perhaps be maximised in an individual by matching specific fibre consumption with existing microbial functional characteristics
If dietary fibres could be demonstrated to act as successful adjuncts to sustain or improve standard of care therapies or even alleviate common gastrointestinal side effects associated with current treatments, they would be an invaluable tool in our metabolic health armamentarium. Neither Dr. Madsen or I have any financial conflicts of interest pertinent to the contents of this manuscript.
EGCG enhances antitumor effect of apatinib in nonsmall cell lung cancer by targeting VEGF signaling to inhibit glycolysis
Authors: Zhou Yue , Qin Liqing , Li Chengpeng , Zhu Danxue , Liu Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one of the most aggressive malignancies globally, is characterized by poor prognosis and limited life expectancy. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol found in green tea, has emerged as a promising anticancer agent due to its potent antitumor properties. However, the role and the underlying mechanisms of EGCG in NSCLC remain poorly understood. Hence, this research aimed to explore the effect of EGCG on the antitumor effect of apatinib in NSCLC through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐regulated glycolysis. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine staining, wound healing, transwell, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling, and flow cytometry assays were carried out to evaluate the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of H1299 cells, respectively. Furthermore, western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of VEGF, p‐vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α, neuropilin‐1, phosphorylated‐phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, and phosphorylated‐AKT. The transfection efficiency of H1299 cells with VEGF overexpression plasmid was also assessed by western blot analysis. Glycolysis was analyzed by estimating extracellular acidification rate, lactate concentration, glucose uptake, and the expressions of lactate dehydrogenase A, pyruvate kinase M2, and hexokinase 2. The results demonstrated that VEGF activated glycolysis in NSCLC cells. EGCG alone and apatinib alone or in combination inhibited cell viability, proliferation, invasion, migration, and glycolysis whereas promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. EGCG regulated glycolysis levels in NSCLC through VEGF overexpression, and enhanced the antitumor effect of apatinib in NSCLC through VEGF‐regulated glycolysis. Taken together, EGCG strengthened the protective effects of apatinib in NSCLC through glycolysis mediated by VEGF.
Hydraulic Microhabitats at a Regulated River Confluence Influence Chinook Salmon Migratory Routing During Drought
Authors: Luis Sean , Pasternack Gregory B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSuccessful upstream adult migration of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) from estuary to spawning grounds is critical to population recovery, especially during increasingly extreme droughts that degrade migratory habitat. In regulated systems, river confluences can pose significant navigation impediments given complex operational flow release criteria and other cumulative effects. Differing discharge magnitudes and ratios between tributaries may cause divergent confluence hydraulics and hydraulic microhabitat selectivity, influencing migratory routing. This study asks with respect to confluences: (1) Do magnitudes of discharge in each confluence tributary (and resulting combined discharge) influence availability of preferred hydraulic microhabitats in one river versus the other? (2) Does the ratio of discharge magnitudes influence availability of preferred hydraulic microhabitats in one river versus the other? We used data collected from California Central Valley fall‐run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at the confluence of the Feather and Yuba Rivers as a model system to investigate. We combined observations of migratory behavioural responses to hydraulic microhabitats from dual‐frequency identification sonars, spatially explicit, meter‐resolution hydrodynamic modelling, and machine learning to generate a hydraulic microhabitat selectivity index and simulate upstream migratory pathways for nine pertinent discharge scenarios with four discharge ratios. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) differences in preferred hydraulic habitat were found among both discharge scenarios and ratios, with the Feather River selected in five out of nine scenarios. Discharge magnitude and ratio act as controls on distribution of preferred hydraulic microhabitats, and under certain conditions relevant to drought operations in this system, they can influence migratory routing and propensity of straying.
Shifts in light availability driven by dieback across a marsh‐forest gradient
Authors: Nordio Giovanna , Gedan Keryn , Fagherazzi Sergio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEcological zonation in coastal forests is driven by sea level rise and storm‐surge events. Mature trees that can survive moderately saline conditions show signs of stress when soil salinity increases above its tolerance levels. As leaf burn, foliar damage, and defoliation reduce tree canopy cover, light gaps form within the crown. At the forest‐marsh edge, canopy cover loss is most severe; trunks of dead trees without canopies form “ghost forests.” Canopy thinning and light from the edge alter conditions for understory vegetation, promoting the growth of shrubs and facilitating establishment and spread of invasive species that were previously limited by light competition. In this research, we present an analysis of illuminance and temperature in a coastal forest transitioning to a salt marsh. Light sensors above the ground surface were used to measure light attenuation of trees and understory vegetation and to observe the effect of reduced canopies at the forest‐marsh edge. Farther from the marsh, where salinity is lower and trees are healthy, dense canopies attenuate light. We estimate that during the growing season, tree canopies intercept 50% of illuminance on average. Closer to the marsh, canopy thinning, and tree death allow greater light penetration from above, as well as from the adjacent marsh. These illuminance values are further increased by light penetration from the forest‐marsh edge (edge effect). Here, higher illuminance may permit Phragmites australis expansion. At intermediate locations, trees intercept between 32% and 49% of light and the understory shrub Morella cerifera intercepts a further 45% of penetrating light based on comparisons of illuminance above and below shrub canopies. Light penetration from the edge can also be felt. The presence of M. cerifera reduces the air temperature close to the soil surface, creating a cooler summer microclimate. The tree health state is reflected in the canopy size. The canopy patterns and the edge effect are responsible for light availability distribution along forest‐marsh gradients, consequently affecting the understory vegetation biomass. We conclude that during forest retreat driven by sea level rise, tree dieback increases light availability favoring the temporary encroachment of Ph. australis and M. cerifera in the understory.