bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training in Nonviolent Resistance for Foster Parents
Authors: Van Holen Frank , Vanderfaeillie Johan , Omer Haim , Vanschoonlandt Femke 
Published: August 2016

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate a training in non-violent resistance (NVR) for foster parents who take care of a foster child (ages 6-18) with externalizing problem behavior. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was used to compare an intervention group (NVR, n = 31) with a treatment as usual control group (TAU, n = 31). The NVR-intervention consists of ten weekly home sessions. Measures regarding behavioral problems in foster children, parenting stress and parenting practices in foster mothers, and the size of the supportive network were assessed before, after treatment, and at three months follow-up. Results: NVR showed to be an acceptable approach that lead to an increase in experienced support and some promising changes in parenting stress and parenting practices. Conclusion: Implementation of this intervention might increase the effectiveness of foster care. More longitudinal research using a Multitrait-multimethod-approach is however needed.
Tibial Sesamoid Position Influence on Functional Outcome and Satisfaction After Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: Chen Jerry Yongqiang , Rikhraj Kiran , Gatot Cheryl , Lee Justine Yun Yu , Singh Rikhraj Inderjeet 
Published: August 2016

Background: During hallux valgus surgery, the abnormal position of the first metatarsal bone relative to the sesamoids is addressed. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of postoperative tibial sesamoid position (TSP) on functional outcome and patient satisfaction after hallux valgus surgery. Methods: Between February 2007 and November 2011, 250 patients who underwent hallux valgus surgery at our tertiary hospital were followed for 2 years after surgery. They were categorized into 2 groups based on Hardy and Clapham’s TSP classification, recorded on postoperative weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP) radiographs: (1) normal (grades I-IV) and (2) outliers (grades V-VII). Results: The mode TSP improved from grade VII preoperatively to grade IV postoperatively ( P < .001). The visual analog scale for pain was 1 (95% CI 0, 1) point better in the normal group compared to the outlier group at 2 years after surgery ( P = .050), whereas the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale was 6 (95% CI 2, 11) points higher in the normal group ( P = .009). Patients in the outlier group were also more likely to be dissatisfied with the surgery performed when compared to the normal group (OR 3.881, 95% CI 1.689, 8.920, P = .001). Conclusion: We recommend correcting the TSP to grade of IV or less to improve functional outcome and satisfaction after hallux valgus surgery. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Comparative Study of Assisted Ambulation and Perceived Exertion With the Wheeled Knee Walker and Axillary Crutches in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Kocher Benjamin K. , Chalupa Robyn L. , Lopez Donna M. , Kirk Kevin L. 
Published: August 2016

Background: Functional limitations after lower extremity surgery often require the use of an assistive device for ambulation during rehabilitation and recovery. There are no known objective data evaluating the wheeled knee walker as an assistive device for protected ambulation. The purpose of this study was to compare assisted ambulation and perceived exertion with the wheeled knee walker and the axillary crutches in healthy participants. Methods: A prospective, randomized crossover study was performed using 24 healthy volunteers. Each participant performed a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) using each assistive device in a crossover manner. Preactivity and postactivity heart rates were recorded. The self-selected walking velocity (SSWV) was calculated and the participant’s rating of perceived exertion was recorded using the OMNI Rating of Perceived Exertion (OMNI-RPE). Participant’s preference for assistive device was identified. Results: The 6MWT, SSWV, and the Omni-RPE were evaluated using paired t tests and determined to be statistically significant for the wheeled knee walker compared with axillary crutches. Evaluation of the preactivity and postactivity heart rates demonstrated a statistically significant difference for the wheeled knee walker compared with axillary crutches. The wheeled knee walker was preferred by 88% of participants. Conclusions: The wheeled knee walker provided increased assisted ambulation and had a lower rating of perceived exertion than axillary crutches on level surfaces in healthy participants. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
‘Uurga shig’ – What is it like to be a lasso? Drawing figure–ground reversals between art and anthropology
Authors: Spriggs Hermione 
Published: August 2016

How might a singular object, a herdsman’s lasso known as the ‘ uurga’, facilitate a fresh understanding of cosmology and human–animal relationships in nomadic Mongolia? ‘ Uurga shig’ re-evaluates the performance of an object as an agentive social participant and the role of drawing as an anthropologically relevant method, outlining the need for interdisciplinary exchange between the fields of participatory art and anthropology. With a starting point of Alfred Gell’s thesis of ‘Traps as artworks and artworks as traps’ (1996), the lasso presents an alternative point of view to the western ‘zoological framing’ criticized by Massumi (‘What animals teach us about politics’, 2014). Instead the uurga functions as a non-Euclidean drawing tool, a frame through which to better understand the fluid relationships underpinning human–animal codependency on the Mongolian steppe. From the line on a page to the ‘drawing through’ of a thread in a needle and the ‘drawing in’ of a wild horse in nomadic Mongolia, the author explores the application of drawing as an intimate method for analyzing moving relationships. With a focus on the drawn line as a connecting device that lends itself to figure–ground reversal, she extends the application of drawing as a prosthetic technology, one that might be used to catalyze a perspectival shift into the worlds of other animals.
Compensation or Retrenchment? The Paradox of Immigration and Public Welfare Spending in the American States
Authors: Xu Ping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBy using American state-level data from 1999 to 2008, this article explores how the recent immigrant influx has influenced public welfare spending in the American states. By integrating the race/ethnicity and globalization compensation theory, I hypothesize that immigration will increase welfare spending in states with a bleak job market and exclusive state immigrant welfare policy; in contrast, immigration will decrease welfare spending in states with a good job market and inclusive state immigrant welfare policy. Empirical tests show evidence for both hypotheses, suggesting that the applicability of general political science theories depends on a combination of state policy and economic contexts.
Restoration of mutant bestrophin-1 expression, localisation and function in a polarised epithelial cell model
Authors: Uggenti Carolina , Briant Kit , Streit Anne-Kathrin , Thomson Steven , Koay Yee Hui , Baines Richard A. , Swanton Eileithyia , Manson Forbes D. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) is a retinopathy caused by mutations in the bestrophin-1 protein, which is thought to function as a Ca2+-gated Cl− channel in the basolateral surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Using a stably transfected polarised epithelial cell model, we show that four ARB mutant bestrophin-1 proteins were mislocalised and subjected to proteasomal degradation. In contrast to the wild-type bestrophin-1, each of the four mutant proteins also failed to conduct Cl− ions in transiently transfected cells as determined by whole-cell patch clamp. We demonstrate that a combination of two clinically approved drugs, bortezomib and 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA), successfully restored the expression and localisation of all four ARB mutant bestrophin-1 proteins. Importantly, the Cl− conductance function of each of the mutant bestrophin-1 proteins was fully restored to that of wild-type bestrophin-1 by treatment of cells with 4PBA alone. The functional rescue achieved with 4PBA is significant because it suggests that this drug, which is already approved for long-term use in infants and adults, might represent a promising therapy for the treatment of ARB and other bestrophinopathies resulting from missense mutations in BEST1.
Identification of gene expression patterns critically involved in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Herrmann Martin M. , Barth Silvia , Greve Bernhard , Schumann Kathrin M. , Bartels Andrea , Weissert Robert 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAfter encounter with central nervous system (CNS)- derived autoantigen, lymphocytes leave the lymph nodes and enter the CNS. This event leads only rarely to subsequent tissue damage. Genes relevant in CNS- infiltrating cells leading to subsequent CNS pathology are largely undefined. Myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG)- induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in disability. To assess genes which are involved in encephalitogenicity and subsequent tissue damage mediated by CNS infiltrating cells we performed a DNA microarray analysis from cells derived from lymph nodes and eluted from CNS in LEW.1AV1 (RT1av1) rats immunized with MOG 91-108. The data was compared to immunizations with adjuvant alone or naïve rats and to immunizations with the immunogenic but not encephalitogenic MOG 73-90 peptide. Here we show involvement of Cd38, Cxcr4 and Akt and confirm these findings employing CD38 knock-out (B6.129P2-Cd38tm1Lnd/J) mice, S1P-receptor modulation during EAE and quantitative expression analysis in patients with MS. The hereby defined underlying pathways indicate cellular activation and migration pathways mediated by G-protein coupled receptors as critical events in CNS tissue damage. These pathways can be further explored for novel therapeutic interventions.
Drosophila Kette coordinates myoblast junction dissolution and the ratio of Scar-to-WASp during myoblast fusion
Authors: Hamp Julia , Löwer Andreas , Dottermusch-Heidel Christine , Beck Lothar , Moussian Bernard , Flötenmeyer Matthias , Önel Susanne-Filiz 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The fusion of founder cells and fusion-competent myoblasts (FCMs) is crucial for muscle formation in Drosophila. Characteristic events of myoblast fusion include the recognition and adhesion of myoblasts, and the formation of branched F-actin by the Arp2/3 complex at the site of cell–cell contact. At the ultrastructural level, these events are reflected by the appearance of finger-like protrusions and electron-dense plaques that appear prior to fusion. Severe defects in myoblast fusion are caused by the loss of Kette (a homolog of Nap1 and Hem-2, also known as NCKAP1 and NCKAP1L, respectively), a member of the regulatory complex formed by Scar or WAVE proteins (represented by the single protein, Scar, in flies). kette mutants form finger-like protrusions, but the electron-dense plaques are extended. Here, we show that the electron-dense plaques in wild-type and kette mutant myoblasts resemble other electron-dense structures that are known to function as cellular junctions. Furthermore, analysis of double mutants and attempts to rescue the kette mutant phenotype with N-cadherin, wasp and genes of members of the regulatory Scar complex revealed that Kette has two functions during myoblast fusion. First, Kette controls the dissolution of electron-dense plaques. Second, Kette controls the ratio of the Arp2/3 activators Scar and WASp in FCMs.
A wide reprogramming of histone H3 modifications during male meiosis I in rice is dependent on the Argonaute protein MEL1
Authors: Liu Hua , Nonomura Ken-Ichi 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The roles of epigenetic mechanisms, including small-RNA-mediated silencing, in plant meiosis largely remain unclear, despite their importance in plant reproduction. This study unveiled that rice chromosomes are reprogrammed during the premeiosis-to-meiosis transition in pollen mother cells (PMCs). This large-scale meiotic chromosome reprogramming (LMR) continued throughout meiosis I, during which time H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) was increased, and H3K9 acetylation and H3S10 phosphorylation were broadly decreased, with an accompanying immunostaining pattern shift of RNA polymerase II. LMR was dependent on the rice Argonaute protein, MEIOSIS ARRESTED AT LEPTOTENE1 (MEL1), which is specifically expressed in germ cells prior to meiosis, because LMR was severely diminished in mel1 mutant anthers. Pivotal meiotic events, such as pre-synaptic centromere association, DNA double-strand break initiation and synapsis of homologous chromosomes, were also disrupted in this mutant. Interestingly, and as opposed to the LMR loss in most chromosomal regions, aberrant meiotic protein loading and hypermethylation of H3K9 emerged on the nucleolar organizing region in the mel1 PMCs. These results suggest that MEL1 plays important roles in epigenetic LMR to promote faithful homologous recombination and synapsis during rice meiosis.
The RNF146 and tankyrase pathway maintains the junctional Crumbs complex through regulation of angiomotin
Authors: Campbell Craig I. , Samavarchi-Tehrani Payman , Barrios-Rodiles Miriam , Datti Alessandro , Gingras Anne-Claude , Wrana Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The Crumbs complex is an important determinant of epithelial apical-basal polarity that functions in regulation of tight junctions, resistance to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions and as a tumour suppressor. Although the functional role of the Crumbs complex is being elucidated, its regulation is poorly understood. Here, we show that suppression of RNF146, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes ADP-ribosylated substrates, and tankyrase, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, disrupts the junctional Crumbs complex and disturbs the function of tight junctions. We show that RNF146 binds a number of polarity-associated proteins, in particular members of the angiomotin (AMOT) family. Accordingly, AMOT proteins are ADP-ribosylated by TNKS2, which drives ubiquitylation by RNF146 and subsequent degradation. Ablation of RNF146 or tankyrase, as well as overexpression of AMOT, led to the relocation of PALS1 (a Crumbs complex component) from the apical membrane to internal puncta, a phenotype that is rescued by AMOTL2 knockdown. We thus reveal a new function of RNF146 and tankyrase in stabilizing the Crumbs complex through downregulation of AMOT proteins at the apical membrane.
Neck keloids: evaluation of risk factors and recommendation for keloid staging system
Authors: Tirgan Michael H. 
Published: August 2016

Importance: Health care providers have long struggled with recurrent and hard to treat keloids. Advancing our understanding of natural history and risk factors for development of large, very large and massive neck keloids can lead to improved treatment outcomes. Clinical staging system for the categorization of keloid lesions, as well as grouping of keloid patients according to the extent of skin involvement is both fundamental for design and delivery of proper plan of care and an absolute necessity for methodical trial design and interpretation of the results thereof. Objective: To review clinical presentation and natural history of neck keloids; to explore risk factors for development of large, very large and massive neck keloids; and to propose a clinical staging system that allows for categorization of keloid lesions by their size and grouping of keloid patients by the extent of their skin involvement. Setting: This is a retrospective analysis of 82 consecutive patients with neck keloids who were seen by the author in his keloid specialty medical practice. Intervention: Non-surgical treatment was offered to all patients. Results: Neck-area keloids were found to have several unique characteristics. All 65 African Americans in this study had keloidal lesions elsewhere on their skin. Very large and massive neck keloids appear to be race-specific and almost exclusively seen among African Americans. Submandibular and submental skin was the most commonly involved area of the neck. Keloid removal surgery was found to be the main risk factor for development of very large and massive neck keloids. Conclusions and relevance: Surgical removal of neck keloids results in wounding of the skin and triggering a pathological wound-healing response that often leads to formation of a much larger keloid. Given the potential for greater harm from surgery, the author proposes non-surgical approach for treatment of all primary neck keloids. Author’s attempts to properly categorize keloid lesions and to group the study subjects was hampered by the lack of a previously defined methodology. A clinical staging system is proposed to address the deficiency in grouping of keloid patients according to the size and extent of skin involvement with keloid lesions.
Penyisipan Media Teks dan Citra Menggunakan Teknik Steganografi pada Media Pembawa Citra Digital
Authors: Muadzani Alim , Nurhayati Oky Dwi , Windasari Ike Pertiwi 
Published: August 2016

Information has now become an important comodity in human life, with the rapid development of communications technology has enable people to communicate and exchange information more easily. Internet is very popular and used by billions users worldwide, the information passing through the internet is very large, and some certain people trying to get this information for profit. The information need to be secured to prevent the others to get the information that send through the internet, steganography can be used to hide the information before sending it and the receiver can recover the hidden data. Digital steganography using computer can use a variety of digital file, digital image file is one of them. With the infomation being hidden inside the image-carrier, the others will not aware about the hidden information. Application created using C# programming leanguage and the steganoraphy method using Least Significant Bit Insertion (LSBI). Microsoft Visual Studio used as Integrated Development Environtment (IDE) to code and design the user interface. Software develpment model using Extreme Programming, and the testing using black box method. Application designed to hide text or image inside an image-carrier and the hidden text or image can be recovered. The result of this research are an application that can hide text or image into image-carrier, and the hidden text or image can be recovered. Based on the testing application can run as expected and fulfill all the requirements.
Libby amphibole‐induced mesothelial cell autoantibodies bind to surface plasminogen and alter collagen matrix remodeling
Authors: Hanson Robert , Evilia Caryn , Gilmer John , Woods Linda , Black Brad , Flores Raja , Pfau Jean C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLamellar pleural thickening (LPT) is a fibrotic disease induced by exposure to Libby amphibole (LA) asbestos that causes widespread scarring around the lung, resulting in deterioration of pulmonary function. Investigating the effects of autoantibodies to mesothelial cells (MCAA) present in the study populations has been a major part of the effort to understand the mechanism of pathogenesis. It has been shown in vitro that human mesothelial cells (Met5a) exposed to MCAA increase collagen deposition into the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we sought to further elucidate how MCAA drive increased collagen deposition by identifying the protein targets bound by MCAA on the cellular surface using biotinylation to label and isolate surface proteins. Isolated surface protein fractions were identified as containing MCAA targets using ELISA. The fractions that demonstrated binding by MCAA were then analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and MASCOT analysis. The most promising result from the MASCOT analysis, plasminogen (PLG), was tested for MCAA binding using purified human PLG in an ELISA. We report that serum containing MCAA bound at an optical density (OD) 3 times greater than that of controls, and LA‐exposed subjects had a high frequency of positive tests for anti‐PLG autoantibodies. This work implicates the involvement of the plasminogen/plasmin system in the mechanism of excess collagen deposition in Met5a cells exposed to MCAA. Elucidating this mechanism could contribute to the understanding of LPT.
Investigating the in-plane mechanical behavior of single-ply quasi-unidirectional glass fiber/polypropylene composites
Authors: Zhai Zhanyu , Gröschel Christian , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the engineering constants and off-axis tensile stress-strain relation of single-ply quasi-unidirectional (UD) glass fiber (GF)/polypropylene (PP) composites using the new approach. A series of off-axis tensile tests of quasi-UD composites were carried out. In this study, Puck’s interfiber fracture criterion was expanded for the first time to estimate the off-axis tensile stresses of UD composites. With the experimental values, the shear properties were obtained through the curve-fitting methods. Damage mechanisms were demonstrated to evolve with the loading angle. By comparison to experimental data, the Hahn-Tsai equation, together with the transformation equation, was found to be adequate to describe the off-axis tensile stress-strain relation of single-ply quasi-UD GF/PP composites.
Anreize für optimierte Essensentscheidungen in der Schulcafeteria
Authors: Kersting Mathilde 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Mit zunehmendem Alter verzichten Schüler auf die Teilnahme am warmen Mensaessen. Sie bevorzugen stattdessen die meist ungesünderen Angebote von Schulcafeteria oder Kiosk. Hier könnte das Konzept des Food Nudging greifen, mit dem durch unmerkliche Anstöße aus dem Umfeld, beispielsweise der Platzierung der Speisen im Cafeteria-Regal, Essensentscheidungen positiv beeinflusst werden sollen. Es bedarf aber noch des Nachweises längerfristiger Wirkungen, vor allem im Setting Schule.
Universelle Prävention von Essstörungen an Schulen: Das POPS Programm
Authors: Warschburger Petra 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Gestörtes Essverhalten ist unter Jugendlichen weit verbreitet und birgt u.a. die Gefahr der Entwicklung einer manifesten Essstörung. Wirksame Präventionsansätze sind daher dringend erforderlich. Vorgestellt wird das universelle, schulbasierte und koedukative POPS-Programm („Potsdamer Prävention an Schulen“), das in neun interaktiven Sitzungseinheiten zentrale Risikofaktoren wie Körperbild oder Mediendruck thematisiert. Der Ein-Jahres-Follow-up konnte positive Effekte zeigen.
Orthorexia nervosa – Lebensstil oder gesellschaftlich relevantes Krankheitsbild?
Authors: Pietrowsky Reinhard , Barthels Friederike 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Orthorexia nervosa bezeichnet ein Essverhalten, das durch eine extreme Fokussierung auf gesunde Ernährung gekennzeichnet ist und zu körperlichen Schäden und psychischen Beeinträchtigungen führen kann. Es spiegelt einen aktuellen Lebensstil wider, der über Ernährungsgewohnheiten Werthaltungen vermittelt und Identität stiftet. Orthorexie als extreme Ausprägung ist allerdings mehr als nur Ausdruck dieses Lebensstils, sondern kann als Form einer Essstörung angesehen werden.