bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of processing conditions on heat sealing behavior and resultant heat seal strength for peelable heat sealing of multilayered polyethylene films
Authors: Iwasaki Toshiharu , Takarada Wataru , Kikutani Takeshi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The effects of processing conditions for peelable heat sealing of multilayered polyethylene (PE) films on heat sealing behavior and heat seal strength were investigated. Two sets of seal bars, knurled shape and flat shape, were used for heat sealing. After the heat sealing, the sealed portion was cooled using a set of cooling bars. Heat sealing temperature was adjusted to yield the heat seal strength of 4.0 N/15 mm, 6.0 N/15 mm and 8.0 N/15 mm at the heat sealing pressure of 0.4 MPa for each set of heat sealing bars. The heat seal strength increased with the increase of heat sealing pressure for the knurled shape bars, while it was less affected by heat sealing pressure for the flat shape bars. In situ measurements of the sealing bar clearance and interface temperature revealed that the reduction speed of clearance was significantly affected by the pressure for knurled shape bars, while it was almost independent of pressure for flat shape bars. Even though the temperatures set for the similar heat seal strength were different between knurled and flat shape bars, the maximum temperatures at the interface were almost identical. The effect of the shape of seal bars on heat seal strength became less significant after the sterilization process.
Influence of process parameters on property of PP/EPDM blends prepared by a novel vane extruder
Authors: Zou Wei , Chen Rong-yuan , Wu Chengran , Qu Jin-ping 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study, thermoplastic elastomers based on polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) were prepared via direct melt blending in a novel vane extruder. The influence of processing temperature and rotor speed on the degree of cross-linking of the EPDM phase, the tensile properties, the melting behavior and the crystallization morphology of PP/EPDM blends was investigated. It was observed that the volume fraction (Vr) of the vulcanizate arriving swelling equilibrium reached the maximum value when the processing temperature was 190°C. The tensile properties showed better performance at 195°C, at which the PP/EPDM blend obtained good dispersive mixing performance. Moreover, the Vr of the vulcanizate arriving swelling equilibrium reached the maximum value when the rotor speed was 60 rpm, at which the dispersive mixing performance and tensile properties of the PP/EPDM blend were better.
Diabetes in Native Americans: elevated risk as a result of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Authors: Aminov Zafar , Haase Richard , Carpenter David O. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We have studied rates of diabetes in 601 members of the Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne, ages 18–84 years, in relation to serum concentrations of 101 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and three chlorinated pesticides [dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex]. Diabetes was determined from either a diagnosis by a physician or by having a fasting glucose concentration of >125 mg/dL. Rates of diabetes are high in this community. Three models were used. In the first model rate ratios (RR) were determined for quartiles of total PCBs after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and total serum lipids. For total PCBs RR=2.21 (1.2–4.2), while for total pesticides RR=3.75 (1.3–10.7). When the total PCB results were also adjusted for total pesticides and the total pesticide results were also adjusted for total PCBs (Model 2) the RRs were somewhat reduced. In Model 3 we considered subgroups of PCBs based on numbers of chlorines on the molecule (tri-/tetra, penta-/hexa, hepta plus) and numbers of ortho chlorines (non-/mono; di-, tri-/tetra-), and considered each of the pesticides individually after adjustment for all other contaminants as well as age, sex, BMI and serum lipids. We found a highly significant association between diabetes and PCBs with only three or four chlorines (RR=5.02), but no significant association with those with greater chlorination. When evaluating PCBs based on numbers of ortho chlorines only, those with no or one ortho chlorine showed significant associations. As mono-ortho PCBs include some with dioxin-like activity, we compared those with and without a TEF, and found that the association with diabetes was exclusively with the non-dioxin-like congeners. Of the pesticides only hexachlorobenzene showed a small but significant association with diabetes. Because lower chlorinated PCBs are more volatile and do not greatly accumulate in fish, these results suggest that inhalation is the major route of exposure to those PCBs that increase risk of diabetes.
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) personal exposure evaluation on mechanics and administrative officers at the motor vehicle testing center at Pulo Gadung, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Rizky Zuly Prima , Yolla Patricia Bebby , Ramdhan Doni Hikmat 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in both the short and long term has been known to cause deaths and health effects, especially related to the heart, blood vessels, and lungs. Based on this information, researchers conducted this study at a motor vehicle testing center unit at Pulo Gadung, in Jarkarta, to determine the concentration of PM2.5 that workers were exposed to. The major source of PM2.5 in this area is from the exhaust of gas emissions from motor vehicles, which is one of the largest contributors to the levels of PM in urban areas. Ten mechanics were picked from 16 mechanics that work in this station. Four administration workers from different posts were also picked to participate. The researcher conducted the PM2.5 personal exposure measurement during weekdays from 6 to 14 April 2015 (2 workers/day). This research was conducted to measure the particle number concentration with size <2.5 μm. The average personal exposure concentrations of PM2.5 in the study period received by the group of mechanics amounted to 149.01 μm/m3 while the administrative officer group that consisted of four administrative workers were exposed to an average of 103.28 μm/m3. Once converted and compared with the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines, the PM2.5 exposure of the mechanics and administrative officers exceeded the recommended exposure (25 μm/m3).
E-waste issues in Sri Lanka and the Basel Convention
Authors: Suraweera Inoka 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
E-waste is hazardous, complex and expensive to treat in an environmentally sound manner. The management of e-waste is considered a serious challenge in both developed and developing countries and Sri Lanka is no exception. Due to significant growth in the economy and investments and other reasons the consumption of electronic and electrical equipment in Sri Lanka has increased over the years resulting in significant generation of e-waste. Several initiatives such as introduction of hazardous waste management rules, ratification of the Basel Convention in 1992 and the introduction of a National Corporate E-waste Management Program have been undertaken in Sri Lanka to manage e-waste. Strengthening policy and legislation, introducing methods for upstream reduction of e-waste, building capacity of relevant officers, awareness raising among school children and the general public and development of an e-waste information system are vital. Research on e-waste needs to be developed in Sri Lanka. The health sector could play a leading role in the provision of occupational health and safety for e-waste workers, advocacy, capacity building of relevant staff and raising awareness among the general public about e-waste. Improper e-waste management practices carried out by informal sector workers need to be addressed urgently in Sri Lanka.
Sustainable development through a gendered lens: climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction
Authors: Lewis Nancy D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The UN General Assembly has just adopted the post 2015 Sustainable Development Agenda articulated in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Achieving the SDGs will be furthered by the closer integration of the climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) agendas. Gender provides us a valuable portal for considering this integration. Acknowledging that gender relaters to both women and men and that men and women experience climate variability and disasters differently, in this paper the role of women in both CCA and DRR is explored, shifting the focus from women as vulnerable victims to women as critical agents for change with respect to climate change mitigation and adaptation and reduction of disaster risks. Appropriately targeted interventions can also empower women and contribute to more just and inclusive sustainable development.
CALUX bioassay: a cost-effective rapid screening technique for screening dioxins like compounds
Authors: Sakthivel Selvaraj , Balasubramanian Prithiviraj , Nakamura Masafumi , Ko Shunkei , Chakraborty Paromita 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Xenobiotic detection systems-chemically activated luciferase expression (XDS-CALUX) bioassay in determining the toxic equivalency (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs from contaminated sites reported in several papers has been discussed in this study. CALUX bioassay method has been validated by an effective combined column clean-up system followed by addition of samples to monolayer cell cultures of H1L6.1c3 cell line in 96 well plates. Cultures are then examined under microscope after 24 h incubation followed by rinsing with 75 μL phosphate buffer saline and 30 μL of cell culture lysis. The response is observed in the luminometer and expressed in relative light unit (RLUs). CALUX-TEQ is estimated from a TCDD standard curve for unknown samples. Quality control in CALUX is done by selecting the range of CALUX values falling in the center of the linear standard curve. For developing nations CALUX biossay can be used as a cost effective and rapid screening technique for screening xenobiotic compounds from the hotspots like open solid waste burning sites, informal e-waste recycling workshops and industrial zones where constant monitoring for such compounds is required.
Interrelations between cognitive dysfunction and motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: behavioral and neural studies
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed A. , Chakravarthy Srinivasa , Phillips Joseph R. , Crouse Jacob J. , Gupta Ankur , Frank Michael J. , Hall Julie M. , Jahanshahi Marjan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the cardinal symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia/akinesia, and rigidity), PD patients also show other motor deficits, including gait disturbance, speech deficits, and impaired handwriting. However, along with these key motor symptoms, PD patients also experience cognitive deficits in attention, executive function, working memory, and learning. Recent evidence suggests that these motor and cognitive deficits of PD are not completely dissociable, as aspects of cognitive dysfunction can impact motor performance in PD. In this article, we provide a review of behavioral and neural studies on the associations between motor symptoms and cognitive deficits in PD, specifically akinesia/bradykinesia, tremor, gait, handwriting, precision grip, and speech production. This review paves the way for providing a framework for understanding how treatment of cognitive dysfunction, for example cognitive rehabilitation programs, may in turn influence the motor symptoms of PD.
Dietary Intake In Adult Female Coeliac Disease Patients In Slovenia
Authors: Kocuvan Mijatov Marija Aja , Mičetić-Turk Dušanka 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to assess dietary intake of coeliac disease (CD) patients and to determine if they are meeting the dietary reference values for a balanced diet.

Subjects/Methods
40 women with CD, aged from 23 to 76 participated in our study. Total daily intake was assessed by a three-day food diary. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was calculated using Harris-Benedict equation. Considering physical activity level (PAL) 1.4, the recommended total energy expenditure (TEE) value was determined. The data was evaluated with professional evaluation software Prodi and statistically analysed.

Results
40 participants returned the food diary. The average energy intake was significantly too low to ensure the meeting of all-day energy needs (p<0.05). The meals contained a recommended proportion of protein, but a statistically significantly higher proportion of fat (p<0.05), lower proportion of carbohydrates and a significantly lower intake of dietary fibre (p<0.05). Regarding macro-, micro- elements and vitamins, there was a significant lack in the intake of calcium and iodine, folic acid, vitamin D and vitamin A (p<0.05), meanwhile iron intake was at the lower limit of the recommended intake, whereas zinc, potassium and vitamin K intake were significantly higher according to the recommended values, but were comparable with the intake of the general population in the Central European area.

Conclusion
Even in subjects with adequate or low daily energy intake, their meals contained too much fat, too few carbohydrates and dietary fibre as well as inorganic substances. The patients with CD should get regular nutritional monitoring and education on the quality and balance of a gluten-free diet.
Factors Influencing The Six-Month Mortality Rate In Patients With A Hip Fracture
Authors: Prodovic Tanja , Ristic Branko , Rancic Nemanja , Bukumiric Zoran , Zeljko Stepanovic , Ignjatovic-Ristic Dragana 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
There are several potential risk factors in patients with a hip fracture for a higher rate of mortality that include: comorbid disorders, poor general health, age, male gender, poor mobility prior to injury, type of fracture, poor cognitive status, place of residence. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of potential risk factors for six-month mortality in hip fracture patients.

Methods
The study included all patients with a hip fracture older than 65 who had been admitted to the Clinic for orthopaedic surgery during one year. One hundred and ninety-two patients were included in the study.

Results
Six months after admission due to a hip fracture, 48 patients had died (6-month mortality rate was 25%). The deceased were statistically older than the patients who had survived. Univariate regression analysis indicated that six variables had a significant effect on hip fracture patients’ survival: age, mobility prior to the fracture, poor cognitive status, activity of daily living, comorbidities and the place where they had fallen. Multivariate regression modelling showed that the following factors were independently associated with mortality at 6 months post fracture: poor cognitive status, poor mobility prior to the fracture, comorbid disease.

Conclusion
Poor cognitive status appeared to be the strongest mortality predictor. The employment of brief tests for cognitive status evaluation would enable orthopaedists to have good criteria for the choice of treatment for each patient screened.
Maternal Perceptions Of And Responses To Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Rakovec-Felser Zlatka , Vidovič Lea 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundSeveral researches indicate that most child victims delay disclosing of sexual abuse for significant periods of time. There are numerous reasons as to why children are avoiding the disclosure of the abuse. The aim of this study was to determine how a mother’s response to a child’s allegations impacts the child’s willingness to disclose sexual abuse.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective quantitative and qualitative analysis of 73 court-referred cases of child sexual abuse which have been disclosed in Slovenia in the last ten years. All the child victims included in the study were female and the perpetrators adult male persons. The expert opinions were made by the same expert.ResultsWe realized that, at the occurrence of abuse, the child victims were from 4 to 15 years old and their mean age was at 11. 5 years. About two-thirds of children were victims of the intra-familial type (61.6%) and a little more than one third of extra-familial type of sexual abuse (38.4%). The group of victims with the support of their mothers needed about 9 months to disclose the secret, while the delay of the disclosure in the cases without the support of mothers was much longer (M=6.9 years).ConclusionFor female child victims of sexual abuse the perceived protective attitude of their mothers is very important. Especially when the sexual abuse happened in the family, the mother’s support can attribute to stop the ongoing abuse, eliminate its immediate effects and decrease its likely negative long-term outcome.
Atomic Structure Imaging in ZnSe and Mixed Zn0.74Mn0.2Be0.06Se Crystals with X-ray Fluorescence Holography
Authors: Dąbrowski Karol Maria , Dul Dawid Tadeusz , Firszt Franciszek , Marasek Agnieszka , Strzałkowski Karol , Korecki Paweł 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
X-ray fluorescence holograms of ZnSe and
Zn0.74Mn0.2Be0.06Se single crystals were measured by
means of a table-top laboratory setup. Holograms were recorded
simultaneously for Zn K, Se K and, in the case of the
mixed crystal, for Mn K X-ray fluorescence. Analysis of the
holograms was based on a linear regression algorithm preceded by the
matrix effects correction. It enabled the determination of real and
imaginary parts of the structure factors from which atomic structures
around different fluorescing atoms could be reconstructed. In
particular, direct imaging of Mn lattice sites in
Zn0.74Mn0.2Be0.06Se unambiguously demonstrated that
the majority of Mn atoms occupy substitutional Zn
positions. However, it was shown that the precise analysis of
Mn lattice site distribution can be hindered due to extinction
effects which have to be included in the analysis of XFH in the case
of non-centrosymmetric samples.
A Role for the GIRK3 Subunit in Methamphetamine-Induced Attenuation of GABABReceptor-Activated GIRK Currents in VTA Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Munoz Michaelanne B. , Padgett Claire L. , Rifkin Robert , Terunuma Miho , Wickman Kevin , Contet Candice , Moss Stephen J. , Slesinger Paul A. 
Published: March 2016

Repeated exposure to psychostimulants induces locomotor sensitization and leads to persistent changes in the circuitry of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system. G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK; also known as Kir3) channels mediate a slow IPSC and control the excitability of DA neurons. Repeated 5 d exposure to psychostimulants decreases the size of the GABABreceptor (GABABR)-activated GIRK currents (IBaclofen) in ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons of mice, but the mechanism underlying this plasticity is poorly understood. Here, we show that methamphetamine-dependent attenuation of GABABR-GIRK currents in VTA DA neurons required activation of both D1R-like and D2R-like receptors. The methamphetamine-dependent decrease in GABABR-GIRK currents in VTA DA neurons did not depend on a mechanism of dephosphorylation of the GABABR2 subunit found previously for other neurons in the reward pathway. Rather, the presence of the GIRK3 subunit appeared critical for the methamphetamine-dependent decrease of GABABR-GIRK current in VTA DA neurons. Together, these results highlight different regulatory mechanisms in the learning-evoked changes that occur in the VTA with repeated exposure to psychostimulants.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExposure to addictive drugs such as psychostimulants produces persistent adaptations in inhibitory circuits within the mesolimbic dopamine system, suggesting that addictive behaviors are encoded by changes in the reward neural circuitry. One form of neuroadaptation that occurs with repeated exposure to psychostimulants is a decrease in slow inhibition, mediated by a GABABreceptor and a potassium channel. Here, we examine the subcellular mechanism that links psychostimulant exposure with changes in slow inhibition and reveal that one type of potassium channel subunit is important for mediating the effect of repeated psychostimulant exposure. Dissecting out the components of drug-dependent plasticity and uncovering novel protein targets in the reward circuit may lead to the development of new therapeutics for treating addiction.
Aesthetics of Prajuritan Dance in Semarang Regency
Authors: Jazuli Muhammad 
Published: March 2016

<p>The scarcity of aesthetic study of traditional arts has evoked my intention to promote a model of aesthetic study in dance performance. The focus of this research is the aesthetics of Prajuritan dance in Semarang regency. The aesthetics were founded on dance choreography and cultural value systems, which grow and develop in the community of Semarang regency. Dances choreography includes dance background, form, shape, theme, number and formation of dancers, moves, musical accompaniment, make-up and costume, and dance floor patterns. Cultural value systems include communicating stories, expressed symbols, function and meaning of Prajuritan dance for its supporting community. The stories were derived from the heroic tale of Prince Sambernyawa (KGPAA, king Mangkunegara I in Mangkunagaran royal palace, Surakarta) when he rebelled against the arbitrary Dutch colonialists, with his famous spell, “<em>tiji tibeh </em>(<em>mukti siji mukti kabeh</em> – being prosperous for one and all)” and Three Dharma of soldiers, namely “<em>rumangsa melu handarbeni, melu hangrungkebi, mulat sarisa hangrasa wani</em>, which means having sense of belonging, protection, and awareness to bravely do whatever to defend his nation and country. Therefore, Prajuritan dance brings the mission to evoke sense of courage, discipline, and responsibility for the young generation. </p>
Revitalization and Socialization of Daeng Dance in Purbalingga, Indonesia
Authors: Anggraeni Dinar 
Published: March 2016

<p>The purpose of the study is to know and depict the revitalization and socialization of Daeng dance in purbalingga, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative method. The relevant techniques of data collection to the method are observation, interview, and documentation. The data obtained are analyzedusing three ways; they are data reduction, data display, conclusion and verification. The results showed that revitalizing Daeng dance occurred in its earliest performances, by means of innovating the foregoing Daeng dance without leaving its characteristics. The revitalization was done toward the dance’s motion, accompaniment, makeup, wardrobe, stage, sounds, lighting, and floor patterns, as well as there is a change in its function; as the media of spreading Islam in the past to nowadays just being an entertainment. After the process of revitalization, Daeng dance is then socialized through two ways of deployment; they are formal and informal processes. This dance’s socialization in this study occurs through direct performance and mass media. </p>