bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance of the apex of the left ventricle in unanesthetized dogs
Authors: Adolph Robert J. 
Published: December 2017

A method has been developed for determining the compliance of the left ventricle of the unanesthetized dog through the chronic sealing of an oncometer to the cardiac apex. The volume of the enclosed apex could be increased by a known amount and the end-diastolic transmural pressure measured. The heart rates of the unanesthetized dogs were slow and the volume of the apex was held constant, hence rate-dependent nonelastic factors were minimized. It is concluded that under the conditions of these experiments, end-diastolic compliance either decreased during infusions of l-epinephrine and angiotensin or did not change. Acetylstrophanthidin administration had no effect on ventricular compliance. distensibility; elasticity; effects of catecholamines on ventricular compliance; oncometer Submitted on June 8, 1964
A comparison of two methods for evaluating surface properties of the lung
Authors: Howatt W. F. , Strang L. B. 
Published: December 2017

Indices of the surface tension properties of fetal lamb lungs were obtained by the bubble stability method and from direct measurements of a lung extract on a Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance. A comparison of 102 determinations by each method on 31 fetal lamb lungs gave a statistically significant positive correlation coefficient. A comparison of the surface balance index with a pressure-volume deflation index and with gestation and of the bubble stability index with gestation gave statistically significant positive correlation coefficients. Storage by freezing for 21—112 days did not alter either index of surface tension. lung surface tension; measurement of lung surface tension; surface balance; lung bubbles Submitted on October 15, 1964
Skin and subcutaneous temperature changes during exposure to intense thermal radiation
Authors: Stolwijk J. A. J. , Hardy J. D. 
Published: December 2017

Radiometric measurements have been made of the skin temperature changes occurring during irradiation of the body by high-intensity thermal radiation with square-wave pulses. A quartz lamp bank provided a source of color temperature of 2,650 K and a uniform (± 5%) irradiance of 0.16 cal/sec per cm2 over areas of 40 x 30 cm. A spring-operated focal-plane shutter controlled exposure times from 2–120 sec with a rise time of 0.01 sec. The radiometer, mounted between the quartz lamps so as to view the skin from normal incidence, had a 96% response time of 0.1 sec and a precision of ± 0.1 C. When corrections were made to allow for the far infrared radiation reflected from the skin, the radiometer gave accurate measurements of skin temperature during the periods of irradiation. Experimental values of skin temperature rise were compared with those calculated by the finite differences method for various skin layers using the best available values for optical and thermal properties of each skin layer. During the initial 10–15 sec of irradiation, theoretical and experimental values were in agreement, indicating passive response of the skin to thermal radiation. Subcutaneous temperatures, calculated from surface temperature data, indicated a high degree of penetration of the radiation 0.2–0.4 mm below the skin surface. mathematical model; infrared reflection by the skin; radiometric measurement of skin temperatures Submitted on September 2, 1964
Effects of stimulated high altitude on the growth rate of albino guinea pigs
Authors: Delaquerrière-Richardson L. , Forbes Susanna , Valdivia Enrique 
Published: December 2017

Two different groups of pregnant albino guinea pigs were exposed continuously, during the second half of gestation, to simulated high altitudes of 12,000 ft in the first experiment and of 14,000–16,500 ft in the second. Pregnancy was significantly shorter in the second experiment than at sea level. Birth weights were lower than in controls in both experiments, more so in the second. Perinatal mortality was markedly increased, reaching 42% in the second experiment. All animals were kept at 12,000 ft after birth. Postnatal growth was slower than at sea level, except in females born at 12,000 ft, whose weights did not vary significantly from those of controls. hypoxia; perinatal mortality Submitted on November 10, 1964
Diamine oxidase activity in human maternal and fetal plasma and tissues at parturition
Authors: Southren A. Louis , Kobayashi Yutaka , Brenner Paul , Weingold Allan B. 
Published: December 2017

The human maternal-to-fetal plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) ratio was measured in 48 paired samples from full-term pregnancies. A radioassay procedure was employed. The over-all mean maternal-to-fetal (M/F) ratio was 166/1. In a series of 12 premature deliveries the mean M/F ratio was 21/1. The low M/F ratio in the latter group was due to a high mean plasma DAO titer in the premature infants. The relative DAO content of the various trophoblastic and decidual tissues and fluids at parturition in decreasing order of activity, were as follows: decidua = 5,200, membranes = 4,100, placenta = 1,400, amniotic fluid = 100, maternal plasma = 42, cord = 14, and fetal plasma = 1. The accumulated data support the concept of a decidual origin of pregnancy DAO. radioassay of diamine oxidase; prematurity; trophoblastic and decidual tissues; amniotic fluid Submitted on September 2, 1964
Indirect determination of maximal O2 consumption in man
Authors: Margaria R. , Aghemo P. , Rovelli E. 
Published: December 2017

A nomogram is described for obtaining the value of maximum oxygen consumption per kilogram of body weight from the heart rate values observed at two submaximal work loads. The exercise consists in stepping up and down a 30- to 40-cm bench at a frequency dictated by a metronome. This procedure can be applied to all classes of subjects; the variability of the data obtained is within ±7% with those directly determined. maximum muscle power; aerobic fitness test for sport Submitted on January 27, 1965
Continuous duty tonometer system
Authors: Farhi L. E. 
Published: December 2017

This tonometer system, for equilibration of blood or other biological fluids, consists of a constant temperature bath which houses four independent tonometer flasks. Temperature stability is maintained by water circulating from the bath into a heating chamber and back. The tonometer flasks rotate continuously and spread the blood in a thin film, exposed to the desired gas mixture, which is prehumidified and flows continuously in and out of the flasks. The advantages of the system are as follows: 1) the temperature within the flasks is maintained to ± 0.01 C from the mean temperature; 2) withdrawal of an equilibrated aliquot does not require stopping the motion of the tonometer; 3) equilibration is rapid in comparison to other methods for the same volume of blood; 4) large amounts of blood can be equilibrated; and, foremost, 5) contamination of the sample with air can easily be avoided. blood equilibration Submitted on October 15, 1964
Increase of arterial oxygen tension at altitude by carbonic anhydrase inhibition
Authors: Cain Stephen M. , Dunn James E. 
Published: December 2017

Unanesthetized dogs were injected intravenously with 10 mg/kg per 12 hr of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, 24 hr before exposure to a simulated altitude of 21,000 ft (Pb = 335 mm Hg). Arterial blood samples were drawn frequently from a Teflon T cannula surgically placed in a carotid artery 1 or 2 days before the experiment. Arterial Po2, Pco2, pH, lactic, and pyruvic acid concentrations were measured. In comparison with untreated dogs, arterial Po2 at altitude was 9 mm Hg higher, on the average, in treated animals. No physiologically significant accumulation of excess lactate was found. The conclusion was made that carbonic anhydrase inhibition did offer measurable protection, with respect to arterial Po2, against altitude hypoxia and that this protection was achieved at much smaller doses of drug than had been used by other investigators. hypoxia; altitude protection; excess lactate; lactic acid Submitted on August 3, 1964
Pattern of blood flow in the pulmonary veins of the dog
Authors: Morkin Eugene , Collins John A. , Goldman Harold S. , Fishman Alfred P. 
Published: December 2017

The pattern of blood flow in the large pulmonary veins was studied in dogs by chronic implantation of sine-wave electromagnetic flowmeters and cineangiographic observations. These revealed that: 1) pulmonary venous flow is continuous and pulsatile with peak rate of flow of approximately twice the mean flow; 2) the initial rapid increase in venous flow occurs 0.10 sec after the onset of ventricular systole, reaching a peak at the time of closure of the A-V valves; 3) left atrial contraction produces a fleeting slowing or reversal of flow; and 4) respiratory variations in pulmonary venous flow follow those in pulmonary arterial flow, beat by beat. The genesis of phasic pulmonary venous flow was investigated by analysis of pressure and flow curves from the two sides of the heart, by consideration of the energy required for left ventricular filling, and by reconstruction of the pulmonary venous flow pulse using a mathematical model of the pulmonary circulation. These three lines of evidence are consistent in indicating that the transmitted right ventricular pressure is the major determinant of the pulmonary venous flow pattern in the dog. pulsatile pulmonary venous flow; pulmonary venous flow; pulmonary circulation; ventricular suction; respiration on pulmonary circulation; pulmonary venous angiography; pulmonary veno-atrial junctions; electromagnetic flowmeter; cineangiography Submitted on November 16, 1964
Vertical gradient of perfusion in the erect human lung
Authors: Fowler K. T. 
Published: December 2017

A quantitation examination is made of a number of mechanisms which might contribute to the gross nonuniformity of blood flow observed in the erect lung. Passive distension of the small vessels by the increased transmural pressures in the base of the lung is shown to be an insufficient explanation of their heightened blood flow. A vertical assemblage of vascular units operating under “waterfall” conditions shows a rapid change of flow per unit with height. These conditions may be caused to apply over a range of heights near the center of the lung by the assumption of critical closing pressures in the capillary bed. If these pressures are allowed to have a range of values in accordance with the anatomical range of capillary diameters the height-flow relationship is brought close to that observed. The expected behavior of a model of this type is discussed. pulmonary circulation; distensibility of small pulmonary vessels; vertical distribution of pulmonary blood flow; waterfall effect; critical closing pressures in pulmonary circulation Submitted on August 17, 1964
Effects of cooling the arm and hand
Authors: Petajan Jack H. , Daube Jasper R. 
Published: December 2017

This study undertakes to: 1) quantify the effects of immersion of the arm and hand in 10 C water for 15 min on the conduction velocity of the median nerve, the action potential of the thenar muscles, and rapid successive apposing movements (RSM) of the thumb; and 2) determine whether or not habituation by daily 15-min cold exposure of the arm and hand for 5 weeks is reflected in any alteration of the aforementioned parameters. Ten young adult subjects were studied. All parameters of function were grossly impaired by the cooling. A roughly linear dependence upon thenar temperature was found for the latency of response and the duration of the negative spike of the action potential. RSM increased logarithmically with increasing thenar temperature. In two repeatedly exposed subjects, RSM improved slightly under all conditions which was felt due to learning. More frequent cyclic vasodilatation and more rapid finger tip warming was observed. No significant difference in conduction velocity between control and habituated subjects was found. cold effects; muscle contraction; habituation; cyclic vasodilatation; nerve conduction; action potential Submitted on December 9, 1964
Effects of an intragastric balloon on gastric pressures in man
Authors: Stunkard Albert J. , Reinhard Arthur 
Published: December 2017

The influence of an intragastric balloon in the fundus on intragastric pressure changes was assessed by comparing the intragastric pressures measured by an open-tipped catheter proximal to the balloon when the balloon was inflated and when it was not. Six subjects were tested, each twice with the balloon inflated and twice with it deflated. Two significant differences were found when the balloon was inflated: 1) periods of pressure elevations were present more of the time and 2) the waveforms generated were of greater amplitude and shorter duration. The balloon thus appears to have exerted a definite but limited effect upon gastric motility. A method for analyzing the difference in waveforms is described. Both the balloon and the open-tipped catheter recorded gastric pressure elevations which frequently occurred at the same time and were of comparable magnitude. Often, however, balloon-recorded elevations occurred in the absence of catheter-recorded ones and vice versa. effects of gastric balloon; waveform analysis Submitted on September 28, 1964
Comparison of screen filtration pressure and low-shear viscosity of blood
Authors: Gregersen Magnus I. , Usami Shunichi , Chien Shu , Swank Roy L. 
Published: December 2017

Screen filtration pressure (SFP) and blood viscosity (at shear rates of 0.05 sec-1 and 5 sec-1) were determined simultaneously on dog blood. Addition of high molecular weight dextran (250,000) caused increases in both viscosity and SFP, and the latter showed a plateau during the 10-sec period of measurement. When 5-hydroxytryptamine together with adenosine diphosphate were added to blood and when blood was obtained after severe hemorrhage, viscosity did not change but SFP increased sharply and showed no tendency to approach a steady state. Such sharp increases in SFP were not observed when the experiments were performed on blood without buffy coat. It is concluded that SFP of blood containing high molecular weight dextran reflects viscosity at relatively high shear rates and that the sharp increases in SFP following the addition of 5-hydroxytryptamine and adenosine diphosphate as well as following exsanguination are due to the adhesiveness of platelets and/or leucocytes to the screen. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Kathleen Prichard) adenosine diphosphate; dextran; hemorrhage; 5-hydroxytryptamine Submitted on January 8, 1965
Plasticity of medial gastrocnemius motor units following cordotomy in the cat
Authors: Munson J. B. , Foehring R. C. , Lofton S. A. , Zengel J. E. , Sypert G. W. 
Published: December 2017

J. B. Munson, R. C. Foehring, S. A. Lofton, J. E. Zengel, and G. W. Sypert, “Plasticity of medial gastrocnemius motor units following cordotomy in the cat.” Page 629, left column, first sentence of last paragraph should read: In apparent contrast with these findings, Johnson and co-workers (38) concluded that “the effect of cordotomy [at spinal level T12 in 2- or 12-wk kittens] was to facilitate development of FOG fibers [in the MG muscle] at the expense of SO fibers” (p. 421). Page 632, left column, sentence beginning on line 7 from bottom should read: The same authors further speculate that the return of EPSP amplitude to control levels 3 mo after cordotomy “implies a competitive mechanism whereby surviving interneurons [in the distal cord] can inactivate or displace Ia terminals” (p. 72 of Ref. 50).
THE INSENSIBLE LOSS OF WATER
Authors: Newburgh L. H. , Johnston Margaret Woodwell 
Published: December 2017

The authors of the paper on The Insensible Loss of Water, p. 1, volume 22, no. 1 (January 1942) desire to record the following corrections: p. 6: The column at the right of figure 1, designated “grams,” should start at 517 and increase by 345 for each interval. In the legend of this figure the phrase “or grams of water vapor per 24 hours” should be transferred to the end of the last sentence. p. 14: Reference (67) following “Rubner” should become (65). p. 16: Reference (68) should be deleted.
Complications of conscious sedation: causes and management
Authors: Halai Tina , Naqvi Ambareen , Steel Clare , Koshal Sonita 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Conscious sedation is a common treatment modality for patients with dental anxiety. In adults, intravenous sedation using Midazolam is the most common method of conscious sedation. For inhalational sedation, Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen are used frequently. Clinicians should be aware of the potential complications associated with delivery of intravenous sedation which can occur pre-, peri- and post-sedation. An awareness of the pharmacology of the drugs as well as careful patient assessment and monitoring can help clinicians to anticipate and reduce complications. This article will review the most common complications and describe prevention and management of each. CPD/Clinical Relevance: With increasing dental anxiety amongst the population, there may be further potential demand for treatment provision for patients using conscious sedation. This article summarizes management of complications for general dental practitioners to be mindful of, which can occur pre-sedation, during sedation and post-sedation.
El trabajo comunitario del profesional de Ciencias Naturales con perfil pedagógico. Experiencias de su implementación
Authors: Cárdenas Martínez José Raúl , Castillo Estenoz Micaela , Rodríguez Frade Greidy , Almaguer Suárez María Angelina , Díaz Garriz Diana Rosa 
Published: December 2017

En la actualidad, las investigaciones dirigidas a la formación del profesional de Ciencias Naturales, con perfil pedagógico en el contexto cubano, generalmente se orientan a lo académico en detrimento del trabajo comunitario. A partir de la detección de necesidades asociadas al manejo sostenible de especies exóticas invasoras, la educación nutricional, la prevención del consumo de drogas, la utilización de las plantas y la equidad de género, en vínculo con el proceso educativo y los contextos de actuación del docente, se direccionó una línea de investigación del proyecto del departamento de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Este artículo presenta los resultados de la implementación de un proyecto comunitario en la comunidad “Vista Hermosa”, las acciones se desarrollaron como parte del plan de práctica laboral de los docentes de las carreras del área, en el período comprendido de septiembre de 2015 a octubre de 2016. Se empleó un enfoque mixto, se trabajó con una muestra conformada por 257 actores en las acciones de trabajo comunitario. En la recopilación y análisis de los datos se utilizó la observación participante, la entrevista en profundidad, encuesta, la triangulación de fuentes, el cálculo porcentual y tablas de frecuencia. Se confirmaron transformaciones favorables superiores al 80%, se destaca el nivel de actualización de los temas abordados y su utilización en la vida, así como el aporte del trabajo comunitario a la formación del profesional de la educación. Persisten carencias en cuanto a la integración social de todos los actores en la transformación de la comunidad
Cultura y sociedad: Próspero Calderón y su legado para las artes, letras y publicaciones costarricenses
Authors: Sánchez Zumbado Jimena 
Published: December 2017

Próspero Calderón (1862-1934) será el primer costarricense que se dedique a la profesión de editor; así mismo será fotógrafo, docente, diseñador y precursor de las Artes gráficas en el país. Bajo sus ideales de promoción de la cultura, se propone como objetivo general de esta investigación el demostrar la importancia de la figura de Próspero Calderón Hernández como actor fundamental en el desarrollo cultural costarricense de finales del s. XIX y principios del s. XX, especialmente por medio de sus revistas Páginas Ilustradas y Costa Rica Ilustrada, sin dejar de lado sus otras contribuciones a la sociedad por medio del arte y la docencia. El planteamiento del problema se origina en la premisa de la importancia del estudio y reflexión sobre la vida y obra de los hombres y mujeres que determinaron nuevos caminos hacia el avance de la educación y la cultura de los países centroamericanos en su tránsito del s.XIX al s.XX. Se utilizó la Metodología Histórica –conocida también como Investigación Histórica- y sus diferentes etapas. En sus pasos, permite la ubicación de hechos históricos mediante la búsqueda de fuentes –etapa heurística-, su organización de forma cronológica y síntesis histórica –etapa hermenéutica- hasta su final análisis y reflexión crítica. De la misma forma se recurrió cuando fue oportuno a sub-métodos como el cronológico, el geográfico y el etnográfico. Finalmente y a la luz de los hechos encontrados, relacionados y contrastados, se plantean una serie de reflexiones que reafirman la importancia y objetivo desde los que se planteó esta investigación.
Análisis de desigualdades en el trato adecuado en las Unidades de Atención Primaria de los Servicios Estatales de Salud de México
Authors: Díaz de León Castañeda Christian 
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: Analizar desigualdades en el trato adecuado en la atención a pacientes sin seguridad social que utilizan servicios de salud ambulatorios en las Unidades de Atención Primaria (UAP) de los servicios estatales de salud de la Secretaría de Salud, en México. Métodos: Se trata de un diseño transversal y ecológico que plantea como unidades de análisis las entidades federativas de México. Se utilizaron datos de tiempo de espera y percepción de calidad en la atención que reportaron los usuarios en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT) 2012. Se plantearon algunos Indicadores de Trato Adecuado (ITA), y se calcularon indicadores de desigualdad sugeridos en la literatura. Asimismo, se recopilaron de la literatura Indicadores Proxy de Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (IPDSS) con fines de analizar la posible asociación entre ITA e IPDSS a través de análisis de correlación y regresión (índice de efecto). Resultados: Se identificaron desigualdades en los ITA planteados entre las entidades federativas de México, principalmente en los indicadores de tiempo de espera (disparidad absoluta 52.7 min y disparidad relativa 1.9 para la media estatal en tiempo de espera). Asimismo, se identificaron asociaciones significativas entre ITA e IPDSS. Particularmente, se encontró asociación entre todos los ITA propuestos y la tasa estatal de UAP, aunque con débil índice de efecto. Conclusiones: Persisten desigualdades en el trato adecuado durante la prestación de servicios ambulatorios a población sin seguridad social. Es necesario trabajar más en subsanar desigualdades y promover la equidad en salud.
Effect of Seed Priming on Maize in the Western Hills of Nepal
Authors: Koirala Keshab Babu 
Published: December 2017

With a view to identify the effect of seed priming technology on maize in the western hills of Nepal, five different varieties of maize including farmers' local were tested during summer seasons of 2004 at three sites of Gorkha, Palpa and Myagdi districts using mother-baby scheme with primed and non-primed treatments. Results of mother trials combined over locations revealed that primed treatments silked three days earlier and matured six days prior to non-primed counterparts. Significant increase in grain yield, average of 11.6% and maximum of 27.8% was recorded. Farmers' response in baby trials combined over locations showed that plant stand after germination in primed treatment was found better as reported by 80% of the respondents. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 470-478