bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Simulation‐Based Workshop Improves Knowledge and Confidence in the Management of Hemorrhagic Conversion of Stroke Among Interventional Neurology Trainees
Authors: Pergakis Melissa B. , Misra Asit , Al‐Mufti Fawaz , Motola Ivette , Morris Nicholas A. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Mechanical thrombectomy is the standard of care in acute ischemic stroke with anterior large vessel occlusion presenting within 6 hours of symptom onset, but complications do exist. We assessed the feasibility of a hybrid simulation‐based workshop at a national meeting for interventional neurology trainees focused on the management of acute ischemic stroke and tissue‐plasminogen activator‐related hemorrhage.

Methods
In this prospective, observational, hybrid simulation‐based study at a fellows’ workshop at a national conference, participants were asked to manage a patient with acute ischemic stroke in the neurointerventional suite followed by thrombolytic‐related hemorrhage leading to cerebral herniation during mechanical thrombectomy. We evaluated the participants’ ability to complete critical actions that were developed based on best practices and relevant American Heart Association guidelines and the Neurocritical Care Society's Emergency Neurological Life Support protocols. The primary outcome was the improvement in knowledge from a precourse to postcourse test. Secondary outcomes included participant reactions.

Results
Sixty trainees completed the simulation session in 8 groups. The mean sum of critical actions completed by trainees was 9.75/14 (70%). There was a moderate effect of the intervention on trainees’ knowledge from pretest (mean 3.8, SD = 0.3) to posttest (mean 4.3, SD = 0.3). The simulation scenario was described as moderately realistic, very engaging, and extremely satisfactory. Following the workshop, all fellows endorsed an increase in proficiency and confidence in neurological emergency management.

Conclusion
Simulation‐based workshops at national conferences are feasible and a potentially useful tool for safely educating a large audience of trainees who may not have access to high‐fidelity simulation platforms at their institutions.
The Distinctio divisionis terrae et paradisi deliciarum
Authors: Sorokina Maria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Distinctio divisionis terrae et paradisi deliciarum (Città del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, ms Barb. lat. 2687, ff. 12v–16v) is an anonymous treatise on the place of the earthly Paradise. An unknown author asks whether the earthly Paradise could be located in the land of the Antipodes and rejects this hypothesis. This article demonstrates two points. First, it attributes the Distinctio to the Franciscan friar Gerard Odonis (d. 1349). In fact, this text is a distinction of his commentary on the Sentences (book ii, d. 20, qq. 1–2). Second, the article argues that Odonis’s opinion on the location of Paradise is quite unusual, since he reverses the Aristotelian order of elementary spheres. Odonis places the earthly Paradise so high on a mountain that it is necessary to deny the existence of the sphere of fire. While explaining how the Flood did not inundate Paradise, he asserts that water is naturally lower than earth. The article provides the first critical edition of the Distinctio.
Future scenarios of the sector of insect as food and feed in Europe
Authors: Gambelli D. , Vairo D. , Zanoli R. , Alleweldt F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study aims to analyse through scenario analysis the future market opportunities for products derived from insects for food and feed (IFF) in Europe. The embryonic state of the IFF industry and the lack of sufficient and detailed quantitative information did not allow the adoption of more quantitative models. Compared to standard statistical forecasting techniques, scenario analysis allows for considering the impact of future exogenous shocks and significant structural changes in the system under investigation. Organisational learning is best performed collectively. Scenario analysis is a very relevant part of this process and can lead to better strategy and action planning. The scenario time horizon was fixed to 2035, while the spatial framework was the European Union. The analysis involved a selected group of experts and stakeholders of the IFF sector to provide a shared knowledge basis that was exploited to define eight different scenarios. Two of the eight resulting scenarios are favourable for the IFF sector, and two outline adverse outcomes for the industry. The remaining four scenarios refer to contrasting situations for the IFF sector. Some implications emerge for the future development of the IFF industry: the embryonic state of the IFF business in the EU makes it very vulnerable to shocks; the crucial role of policy and regulatory framework in the insect sector, together with the different degrees of societal concerns for sustainability may strongly affect the development of IFF. Relevant aspects that emerge in some scenarios are the cooperation and industrial ecosystems with open innovation and collective IPR protection; the importance of dedicated credit; improvement of the knowledge system, and the circular economy potential of IFF for treating waste, especially in the feed sector.
Showcasing, Contextualizing, and Explaining the Diversity of Human Experiences in Combat Using gis: The Battle of Hong Kong in 1941 as an Example
Authors: Chi Man Kwong , Lai Wallace W. L. , Rivera Michael B. C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the application of gis in the study of military history, particularly for campaigns in modern Asian history (1800s-1950s), citing the Battle of Hong Kong 1941 Spatial History Project as an example. gis allows researchers to move beyond text-based narratives by visualizing, contextualizing, and explaining the diversity of human experiences that are often overshadowed by frontline actions. This article assesses the use of gis-based interactive maps in visualizing the flow of the battle, reconstructing the battlefield, examining the diverse human experience, and integrating disparate historical data. Reflecting on the research team’s interdisciplinary experience in creating a gis-based interactive map, this article argues that such a method is suitable for military campaigns that took place in a rapidly changing urban environment. It also discusses the limitations of this method and the need to remain critical towards the visualization of data, the use of sources, and interpretation.
ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Samarqandī’s Non-Realist Approach to Good (Ḥasan) and Bad (Qabīḥ): Moral Ontology in Sixth/Twelfth-Century Māturīdī Theology and Legal Theory
Authors: Obuchi Hisashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Māturīdīs think that, without revealed law, human beings can grasp through speculative reasoning that some actions are good (ḥasan) and some are bad (qabīḥ). This article addresses the ontological aspect of such ethical rationalism. An analysis of the texts of legal theory shows that the sixth/twelfth-century Māturīdīs approached moral values in a non-realist way. Specifically, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 539/1144?), who identifies himself as a true successor of Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī (d. 333/944), demonstrates that goodness (ḥusn) and badness (qubḥ) are neither real accidents nor divine command and prohibition; rather, “good” and “bad” just express one’s natural or rational approval and disapproval of objects and actions, and Prophetic law shapes some of the natural likes and dislikes. On this account, I conclude that al-Samarqandī’s view, shared by his contemporaneous fellow Māturīdīs such as Abū l-Thanāʾ al-Lāmishī (d. after 539/1144) and Najm al-Dīn al-Nasafī (d. 537/1142), challenges the current standard interpretations of the Māturīdī ethics as realism or divine command theory.
Production Structures and Fluctuations in the Money Supply: An Analysis Based on Marx’s Concept of Set-Free Money Capital
Authors: Liang Junshang , Tang Chengwei 
Published: September 2024

In chapter 15 of volume 2 of Capital, Marx introduced the concept of set-free money capital during the turnover process of industrial capital, positing its role in the credit system. Saros further formalized this process, suggesting that set-free money capital could serve as loanable funds, impacting the credit system. This article advances this research by making three significant contributions. Firstly, it offers a more succinct formalization of the turnover process, improving pedagogical clarity. Secondly, it reinterprets the significance of set-free money capital within the modern credit money system using post-Keynesian endogenous money theory, linking production directly to the money supply. Lastly, it demonstrates through simulations that production structure influences the periodic fluctuations of set-free money capital at the macro level, affecting the money supply. JEL Classification: B51, E32, E51
Exploring the role of calf circumference as a predisposing factor for intra-hospital delirium: investigating potential gender differences: revealing potential gender variances
Authors: Ceolin Chiara , Papa Mario Virgilio , Simonato Cristina , Cazzavillan Sara , Vergadoro Margherita , Trapella Giulia Salerno , Sermasi Riccardo , De Rui Marina , Noale Marianna , Zanforlini Bruno Micael , Curreri Chiara , Bertocco Anna , Devita Maria , Sergi Giuseppe , Coin Alessandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition and sarcopenia significantly increase the risk of intra-hospital delirium, particularly among older adults. Given the potential correlation between calf circumference (CC) and these conditions, CC emerges as a promising predisposing factor for delirium. This study aims to investigate the independent association between delirium and anthropometric parameters, focusing on evaluating CC’s predictive capacity for intra-hospital delirium risk. Additionally, it aims to compare CC’s predictive performance with the widely used Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), while also considering potential gender disparities.

Methods
This is a retrospective study which enrolled patients aged ≥ 65 years from September 2021 to March 2022 at the Padova Hospital (Italy). Physical characteristics, intra-hospital delirium incidence, and body composition were assessed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the 2019 European Consensus criteria.

Results
Among 207 subjects, delirium affected 19% of patients. CC showed a significant association with intra-hospital delirium among the analyzed anthropometric parameters. ROC curves indicated that CC’s predictive capacity for delirium onset was comparable to MNA (p = 0.98), particularly in women. In a multivariable logistic regression model, female gender and higher cognitive and CC scores emerged as protective factors against delirium onset, with each unit increase in CC associated with a 24% reduction in the odds of delirium. Conversely, sarcopenia did not significantly influence delirium onset.

Conclusions
CC shows promise as a predisposing factor for intra-hospital delirium, similar to MNA, albeit with significant gender differences. CC could serve as a valuable tool for assessing delirium risk among female patients. Further validation of these findings is necessary through larger-scale studies.
Alcohol free? An analysis of UK and Scottish Government obesity policies’ engagement with alcohol 1999–2023
Authors: Young Callum , Hawkins Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Alcoholic beverages can be highly calorific yet remain largely absent from obesity policy debates. This article seeks to identify how Scottish and English obesity policies have engaged with the issue of alcohol consumption since devolution.

Methods
Obesity policy documents for England and Scotland from 1999 to 2023 were thematically analysed to identify their engagement with alcohol consumption. A stakeholder analysis was undertaken to identify key public health actors and commercial sector policy actors in the debate regarding the inclusion of alcohol in obesity policy. Their engagement with the issue of alcohol as an obesity policy issue was assessed through thematic analysis of consultation responses, along with documents, press releases, reports and other statements on policy (e.g. blog posts) available on stakeholder websites.

Results
While alcohol was recognised as a risk factor for obesity within obesity policy documents, no specific measures to address this issue were identified until a consultation on mandatory calorie labelling on alcoholic beverages was proposed in 2020. Engagement with alcohol in the policy documents was mainly limited to voluntary and self-regulatory measures favoured by industry actors who portrayed themselves as a key part of the policy solution. They used the policy focus on childhood obesity as a pretext to exclude alcoholic drink from fiscal and labelling measures. Public health NGOs, by contrast, argued that obesity measures such as mandatory calorie labelling and other obesity policies should be extended to alcoholic beverages.

Conclusion
There is an insufficient engagement with alcohol as an obesity policy issue within policy documents and an over-reliance on voluntary and industry-partnership approaches. Alcoholic beverages and reduced alcohol products are excluded from beverage taxes and labelling requirements in ways which are hard to justify. As with other areas of public health policy, this represents an industry-favoured policy agenda, opposed by health NGOs. Further research is needed to understand the influence of these actors on the engagement of obesity policy with alcohol.
The impact of postoperative adjuvant therapy on EGFR-mutated stage IA lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary pathological subtypes
Authors: Cheng Ran , Hao Zhexue , Qiu Li , Zheng Xiang , Huang Sihe , Xian Jianzhao , Huang Haoyang , Li Jianfu , Zhang Zhenhui , Ye Kaiwen , Wu Wentao , Zhang Yaowen , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Micropapillary (MPP) adenocarcinoma is considered one of the most aggressive pathological types of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance and benefit of postoperative adjuvant therapy (PAT) in stage IA LADC patients with different proportions of MPP components.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively examined clinical stage IA LADC patients who underwent surgical resection between August 2012 and December 2019. In terms of the proportion of MPP components (TPM), the tumors were reclassified into three categories: MPP patterns absent (TPMN); low proportions of MPP components (TPML); and high proportions of MPP components (TPMH). The dates of recurrence and metastasis were identified based on physical examinations and were confirmed by histopathological examination.

Results
Overall, 505 (TPMN, n = 375; TPML, n = 92; TPMH, n = 38) patients harboring EGFR mutations were enrolled in the study. Male sex (P = 0.044), high pathological stage (P < 0.001), and MPP pathological subtype (P < 0.001) were more frequent in the TPM-positive (TPMP) group than in the TPM-negative (TPMN) group. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were significantly lower in the TPMP group than in the TPMN group (84.5% vs. 93.4%, P = 0.006). In addition, patients with high proportions (greater than 10%) of MPP components had worse overall survival (OS) (91.0% vs. 98.9%, P = 0.025) than those with low proportions (5%≤ TPM ≤ 10%). However, postoperative EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) cannot improve DFS and OS between EGFR-mutated patients with different proportions of MPP components.

Conclusion
MPP was related to earlier recurrence and shortened survival time, even in stage IA. Further research needs a larger sample size to clarify that EGFR-mutated stage IA patients with MPP components obtain survival benefits from adjuvant therapy.
The role of respiratory function tests in infants with stridor: diagnosis at glance and follow-up
Authors: Bloise Silvia , Nenna Raffaella , Petrarca Laura , Conti Maria Giulia , Di Mattia Greta , Matera Luigi , Mancino Enrica , La Regina Domenico Paolo , Lubrano Riccardo , Bonci Enea , Moretti Corrado , Midulla Fabio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Recently, the development of advanced, noninvasive methods has allowed the study of respiratory function even in uncooperative infants. To date, there is still little data on the application of this technique in infants with suspected airway obstruction. The aims of our study were:
- To evaluate the role of respiratory function testing (PFR) in the diagnosis and follow-up of infants with stridor
- To evaluate the differences between patients with inspiratory stridor and expiratory stridor.
- To evaluate the concordance between PFR and endoscopy.

Methods
We enrolled infants aged < 1 year with a diagnosis of inspiratory and/or expiratory chronic stridor and a group of healthy controls. For each patient we performed PFR at diagnosis (T0) and for cases at follow-up, at 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2), 12 months (T3). At T0, all patients were classified according to a clinical score, and at follow-up, stature-ponderal growth was assessed.
When clinically indicated, patients underwent bronchoscopy.

Results
We enrolled 48 cases (42 diagnosed with inspiratory stridor and 6 expiratory stridor) and 26 healthy controls. At T0, patients with stridor had increased inspiratory time (p < 0.0001) and expiratory time (p < 0.001) than healthy controls and abnormal curve morphology depending on the type of stridor. At T0, patients with expiratory stridor had a reduced Peak expiratory flow (p < 0.023) and a longer expiratory time (p < 0.004) than patients with inspiratory stridor.
We showed an excellent concordance between PFR and endoscopic examination (k = 0.885, p < 0.0001). At follow-up, we showed a progressive increase of the respiratory parameters in line with the growth.

Conclusions
PFR could help improve the management of these patients through rapid and noninvasive diagnosis, careful monitoring, and early detection of those most at risk.
Live-attenuated PruΔgra72 strain of Toxoplasma gondii induces strong protective immunity against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in mice
Authors: Li Jing , Kang Yu , Wu Ze-Xuan , Yang Shu-Feng , Tian Yu-Yang , Zhu Xing-Quan , Zheng Xiao-Nan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular opportunistic pathogenic protozoan that poses serious threats, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. In the absence of a robust prophylactic measure, the mitigation and management of toxoplasmosis present formidable challenges to public health. We recently found that GRA72 plays an important role in parasitophorous vacuole (PV) morphology, growth and virulence of T. gondii. However, whether gra72-deficient strain can be used as a vaccine remains unknown.

Methods
We first examined the attenuated virulence of gra72 gene knockout strain (PruΔgra72) and the parasite load in organs of the infected mice. Subsequently, we evaluated the immune-protective effects of the PruΔgra72 vaccination against challenge with various types of T. gondii tachyzoites and Pru cysts. Furthermore, levels of antibodies and cytokines induced by PruΔgra72 vaccination were examined. Statistical analysis was conducted by Student’s t-test or Mantel-Cox log-rank test based on data obtained from three independent experiments with GraphPad Prism 8.0.

Results
We found that PruΔgra72 strain exhibited a significantly attenuated virulence even at the highest dose of 5 × 107 tachyzoites in Kunming mice model. The significant decrease of brain cyst burden and parasite load in the organs of the PruΔgra72-infected mice suggested its potentiality as a live-attenuated vaccine. Hence, we explored the protective immunity of PruΔgra72 vaccination against toxoplasmosis. Results showed that vaccination with 5 × 106 PruΔgra72 tachyzoites triggered a strong and sustained Th1-biased immune response, marked by significantly increased levels of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, and significantly higher levels of Th1 type cytokines (IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ) compared to that of Th2 type (IL-4 and IL-10). Vaccination with 5 × 106 PruΔgra72 tachyzoites in mice conferred long-term protection against T. gondii infection by less virulent tachyzoites (ToxoDB#9 PYS and Pru strains) and Pru cysts, provided partial protection against acute infection by high virulent Type I RH tachyzoites and significantly decreased brain cyst burden of chronically infected mice.

Conclusions
The avirulent PruΔgra72 induced strong protective immunity against acute and chronic T. gondii infection and is a promising candidate for developing a safe and effective live-attenuated vaccine against T. gondii infection.

Graphical Abstract
Sex-specific associations of Notch signaling with chronic HBV infection: a study from Taiwan Biobank
Authors: Jen I-An , Kuo Terry B. J. , Liaw Yung-Po 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis B, a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), can develop into a chronic infection that puts patients at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the difference of reactome pre-Notch expression and processing between males and females by using gene to function analysis in FUMA.

Methods
We analyzed Taiwan Biobank (TWB) data pertaining to 48,874 women and 23,178 men individuals which were collected from 2008 to 2019. According to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status in hematology, positive and negative were classified into case and control in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis.

Results
We found 4715 women and 2656 men HBV cases. The genomic risk loci were different between males and females. In male, three risk loci (rs3732421, rs1884575 and Affx-28516147) were detected while eight risk loci (Affx-4564106, rs932745, rs7574865, rs34050244, rs77041685, rs107822, rs2296651 and rs12599402) were found in female. In addition, sex also presented different results. In females, the most significant SNPs are gathered in chromosome 6. However, except for chromosome 6, significant HBV infection SNPs also could be found in chromosome 3 among males. We further investigated gene function in FUMA to identify the difference in reactome pre-Notch expression and processing between males and females. We found that POGLUT1 and HIST1H2BC only appeared in men but not in women.

Conclusion
According to our study, the reactome pre-Notch expression including POGLUT1 and HIST1H2BC was associated with a risk of Hepatitis B in Taiwanese men when compared to women.