bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between soil hydraulic parameters and induced polarization spectra
Authors: Nordsiek Sven , Diamantopoulos Efstathios , Hördt Andreas , Durner Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSpectral induced polarization is a promising method to estimate soil hydraulic properties relatively quickly without interfering with the subsurface. It is essential for the interpretation of the spectral induced polarization data to understand the relationships between soil hydraulic properties and the parameters obtained from spectral induced polarization measurements. Recent studies often relate to certain types of unconsolidated sediments, e.g., artificial mixtures of sand and clay, or refer to particular pairs of soil hydraulic and complex electrical parameters. In the present study, we investigated seven samples of natural soils and a pure sand sample in the laboratory by spectral induced polarization and soil hydraulic measurements. After examining single combinations of parameters that can be expected from theoretical considerations, we calculated the correlation coefficients for all available pairs of complex electrical and soil hydraulic parameters. Based on this, two new empirical relationships are proposed and discussed in more detail. First, a linear relationship between the van Genuchten–Mualem parameter and the inverse of the normalized chargeability is described. Second, a power law was found to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity from the DC resistivity , the normalized chargeability , and the fluid conductivity .
Application of combined time‐lapse seismic refraction and electrical resistivity tomography to the analysis of infiltration and dissolution processes in the epikarst of the Causse du Larzac (France)
Authors: Valois Rémi , Galibert Pierre‐Yves , Guerin Roger , Plagnes Valérie 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn geophysical and hydrological studies, it can be challenging to achieve a complete understanding of infiltration processes in the upper zone of a karstic aquifer since this type of medium is highly heterogeneous and may contain a perched aquifer. In an effort to further investigate such aquifers, time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography and time‐lapse seismic refraction tomography were carried out at three different epochs and at two sites on a dolostone plateau of Southern France. The first site has a sinkhole, whereas the second covers a less efficiently drained area, which is characterized by temporary lakes during periods of heavy rain.These studies show that shallow time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography and time‐lapse seismic refraction tomography analyses are correlated with hydrological data because resistivities and propagation velocities decrease with increasing rainfall. Nevertheless, the Biot–Gassmann relationship does not provide an adequate explanation for the strong variations in velocity observed in the upper parts of the models. This could be explained by the dissolution process called ghost‐rock weathering, which directly attacks the dolostone rock frame of the studied area. The assessment of such processes can lead to an improved understanding of velocity variations and to the localization of dissolution processes that may affect karstic landscapes or even lead to their collapse.
Identification of Vaccine-Altered Circulating B Cell Phenotypes Using Mass Cytometry and a Two-Step Clustering Analysis
Authors: Pejoski David , Tchitchek Nicolas , Rodriguez Pozo André , Elhmouzi-Younes Jamila , Yousfi-Bogniaho Rahima , Rogez-Kreuz Christine , Clayette Pascal , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Lévy Yves , Cosma Antonio , Le Grand Roger , Beignon Anne-Sophie 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Broadening our understanding of the abundance and phenotype of B cell subsets that are induced or perturbed by exogenous Ags will improve the vaccine evaluation process. Mass cytometry (CyTOF) is being used to increase the number of markers that can be investigated in single cells, and therefore characterize cell phenotype at an unprecedented level. We designed a panel of CyTOF Abs to compare the B cell response in cynomolgus macaques at baseline, and 8 and 28 d after the second homologous immunization with modified vaccinia virus Ankara. The spanning-tree progression analysis of density-normalized events (SPADE) algorithm was used to identify clusters of CD20+ B cells. Our data revealed the phenotypic complexity and diversity of circulating B cells at steady-state and significant vaccine-induced changes in the proportions of some B cell clusters. All SPADE clusters, including those altered quantitatively by vaccination, were characterized phenotypically and compared using double hierarchical clustering. Vaccine-altered clusters composed of previously described subsets including CD27hiCD21lo activated memory and CD27+CD21+ resting memory B cells, and subphenotypes with novel patterns of marker coexpression. The expansion, followed by the contraction, of a single memory B cell SPADE cluster was positively correlated with serum anti-vaccine Ab titers. Similar results were generated by a different algorithm, automatic classification of cellular expression by nonlinear stochastic embedding. In conclusion, we present an in-depth characterization of B cell subphenotypes and proportions, before and after vaccination, using a two-step clustering analysis of CyTOF data, which is suitable for longitudinal studies and B cell subsets and biomarkers discovery.
RF Sensor Modules – Needs for Multifunctional Architectures
Authors: Oppermann Martin , Thurow Felix , Rieger Ralf 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Next generation of RF sensor modules, mainly for airborne applications, will cover a variety of multifunction in terms of different operating modes, e.g. Radar, EW and Communications / Datalinks. The operating frequencies will cover a bandwidth of &gt; 10 GHz and for realisation of modern Active Electronically Steered Antennas (AESA) the Transmit/Receive (T/R) modules have to match with challenging geometry demands, and RF requirements, like switching and filtering between different operational frequencies in transmit and receive mode. New GaN technology based MMICs, e.g. LNA, HPA are in development and multifunctional components (MFC MMICs) cover more than one RF function in one chip.
Different front end demonstrators will be presented, based on multilayer ceramic (LTCC) and RF-PCB and associated assembly technologies, like chip&wire and SMD reflow soldering. These TRM front ends include a Low Noise Amplifier with an integrated Switch (LNA/SW) and for characterisation the measured Noise Figure (NF), a key characteristic for receive performance, will be compared. The need for high integration on module level is obvious and therefore specific demands for low loss ceramic and PCB based modules, packages and housings exist.
Fabrication, response and stability of miniature piezoresistive force-sensing thick-film cantilevers
Authors: Maeder Thomas , Jacq Caroline , Caseiro Stefane , Ryser Peter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMiniature ceramic cantilevers have been successfully applied to the fabrication of simple and low-cost piezoresistive thick-film force-sensing cells, using different thick-film and LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) substrates. The availability of thin substrates for some materials allows much improved sensitivity compared to classical thick-film technology, with LTCC also featuring rather low substrate elastic modulus and fine structurability. However, practical applicability may be hindered by processing difficulties, such as printing and handling very thin fired substrates, or, in the case of co-fired tapes, warpage during firing. Also, signal drift is observed with some devices. In this work, we show that most of the previously-observed signal drift in some LTCC sensors is not due to self-heating, and therefore stems from defects such as micro-cracks within the ceramic cantilevers or plastic deformations in internal conductors. In a second step, we explore manufacturability of thick-film cantilevers on very thin substrates, and show that it is possible to print a single-sided design on substrates with thickness as low as 45 μm, although a lower limit of ~100 μm, depending on substrate material, is more practical.
Design and Fabrication of Ceramic Microsystem Utilizing Glow Discharge for Analysis of Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Macioszczyk Jan , Lenartowicz Monika , Malecha Karol , Golonka Leszek J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We present the results of our work on design and fabrication of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) Electrolyte as a Cathode Discharge (ELCAD) chip. It consists of plasma chamber filled with working gas (for instance helium). The fluidic channel with sample is placed below the chamber. Discharge ignites between anode and electrolyte cathode through aperture between microfluidic channel and plasma chamber. To avoid filling the chamber with fluid, channel and waste outlet should have proper geometry. We have checked our design and fabricated prototypes in DuPont system. External electrodes have been screen-printed using solderable PdAg paste. Inner electrodes, responsible for plasma creation, were made of platinum. To avoid sagging of structures we have used Sacrificial Volume Materials (SVM) and conducted multistep lamination with modified parameters. Finally, we tested if our device works properly. Firstly, we created discharge using high voltage alternating current source in air and observed discharge. Then, we ran measurements in ECLAD configuration. It was possible to create and sustain discharge with flowing liquid and gas. Also discharge spectra were recorded and analyzed. Zinc and cadmium were detected with limits of 0.14 mg/dm3 and 0.20 mg/dm3, respectively.
Novel Glass-free LTCC Material co-fired with Cupper-Electrodes
Authors: Sugimoto Yasutaka , Katsube Tsuyoshi , Motoya Machiko , Takemori Yuki , Moriya Yoichi , Kishida Kazuo , Takada Takahiro , Tanaka Nobuhiko 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) have excellent high-frequency characteristics and have widely been used for microwave electronic components. By lowering the sintering temperature of the ceramics used as insulating layers, LTCC was co-fired with a high-conductivity wiring conductor, such as Cu or Ag.
LTCC substrate has been expected as one of the most promising technologies to realize miniaturization of RF circuits in the field of wireless communications. There is no limitation to demand for further downsizing of RF circuits, suppression of electric loss and high mechanical strength of the substrate. However, conventional LTCC materials for substrates contain glass frit which causes defects, such as pores or cracks, and low mechanical strength.
In this work, we have developed a novel LTCC material system BaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MnO-TiO2, without any glass frits. The material was co-fired with cupper electrodes, which have low resistivity and show less diffusion than silver in LTCC, under a low-oxygen partial pressure atmosphere (mixture of N2 and H2) at 980°C. Thin layers (8μm) of the material showed high insulating resistivity and reliability due to few defects, such as pores, in LTCC. Its dielectric and mechanical properties were measured as 6.8 (low-εr), 350 at 3GHz (high-Q-value) and 341MPa (high mechanical strength) respectively.
This LTCC material will contribute to further miniaturizing of microwave applications and integration of passive elements.
Flexible Thin Film Coating by Photo-assisted Chemical Solution Process
Authors: Tsuchiya Tetsuo , Nakajima T. , Yamaguchi I. , Matusi H. , Nakamura T. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Printed electronics is creating many new products given the benefits of the technology compared to conventional electronics, such as thinness, flexibility, cost, ease of manufacture, fast production turn around, “green” technology, power efficiency and more. For this purpose, we have developed the photo reaction of nano-particle method (PRNP) for the preparation of the patterned metal oxide thin film on organic and glass substrates. In this paper, we demonstrate the preparation of transparent conducting thin film or resister film by the PRNP process, and their properties of the obtained films. By using the combination of the two procedures, the resistivity of the film was 5.94×10−4 Ωcm. The resulting ITO film showed mobility as high as 9.99 cm2 V−1 s−1at the carrier density of 1.05 ×1021 cm−3.Also, flexible resistor thin film(RuO2) on PI substrate was prepared by ELAMOD.
When and how? Freshwater mussel recolonization in Lake Orta
Authors: Riccardi Nicoletta , Froufe Elsa , Lopes-Lima Manuel , Mazzoli Claudio 
Published: May 2016

Thanks to a video posted on a social network, live mussels of <em>Unio elongatulus</em>, have been recorded from Lake Orta (Italy) over one century after the last (and only) report. With its long and well documented history of pollution, Lake Orta offers the opportunity to document the post-extirpation recovery of freshwater unionid mussels. This case evidences that recovery/recolonization is possible despite a high devastation in the past, and permits to evaluate how fast recolonization may occur, in which way, and in what conditions. The answer to the '<em>how</em> <em>fast</em>' was sought by estimating the age of the larger and seemingly older individuals of the population. To address the '<em>in which way</em>' we compared the haplotypes of Lake Orta specimens of <em>Unio elongatulus</em> (the only species present) with those of surrounding populations. We concluded that, since Lake Orta lacks a direct connection with the putative source populations, colonizing mussels were almost certainly transported by fish carrying glochidia that were used for lake restocking after liming. Data from the long-term monitoring of water chemistry and sediments have allowed defining what conditions proved to be suitable for survival making possible the start of mussels recovery. But not only water and sediment quality matters for mussels recovery, which was delayed by nearly ten years after the reappearance of fish. This delay reflects the need of the whole trophic chain to be reestablished to allow the survival of the suitable and healthy host-fish populations necessary for mussels reproduction.
Unexpected increases in rotifer resting egg abundances during the period of contamination of Lake Orta
Authors: Piscia Roberta , Tabozzi Simone , Bettinetti Roberta , Nevalainen Liisa , Manca Marina M. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Despite their ecological importance and rapid response to environmental changes, rotifers are rarely included in palaeolimnological studies. Here, we describe changes in abundance (ABD) and morphotype (MTs) diversity of rotifer resting eggs in the sediments of deep subalpine Lake Orta, Italy, covering a period prior to (pre-) 1926, during long-term ammonia and metal pollution from a rayon factory, and subsequent recovery of water quality. Following the pollution and bacterial oxidation of the ammonia, Lake Orta became the largest and deepest acid lake in Europe. Recovery of water quality followed both a ban on the discharge of industrial wastes, and a liming intervention in 1989 and 1990. We sectioned a sediment core collected from the deepest part of the lake (ORTA 07/2A) to provide a high time resolution, given the ca. 3-4 y cm<sup>-1</sup> of sediment accumulation. Rotifer resting egg (RRE) abundance and morphotypes were examined from the sediments and compared to limnological variables indicating the pollution. Rotifer resting egg abundance significantly increased with lake contamination (r=0.609 and -0.624 for copper and pH, respectively; P&lt;0.001; n=27). A lake-water copper concentration threshold of ca. 40 µg L<sup>-1</sup>discriminated among pre-, during-, and post- pollution compositions of the rotifer morphotype assemblages. Diversity and morphotype richness increased during the recovery from copper pollution and with complete restoration from acidity, while abundance increased during pollution. The persistence of presumably viable <em>Brachionus</em> resting eggs and of hatched egg cases during the heavy pollution phase suggests that, unlike most other organisms, which were extirpated by the pollution of the lake, rotifers survived producing resting eggs, which secured future generations.</p>
The diet of introduced brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis; Mitchill, 1814) in an alpine area and a literature review on its feeding ecology
Authors: Tiberti Rocco , Brighenti Stefano , Canedoli Claudia , Iacobuzio Rocco , Rolla Matteo 
Published: May 2016

<p>Introduced fish are a major threat for high altitude aquatic habitats and <em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em> have been widely used throughout the Alps for stocking lakes and rivers. Understanding its feeding ecology is a basic, but essential tool for interpreting its impact. To assess which factors determine the diet of <em>S. fontinalis</em> we analyzed more than 500 stomachs from several introduced populations from the Gran Paradiso National Park (GPNP, Western Italian Alps) and we measured the availability of several prey groups (zooplankton, aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates). We complemented the study with a short, but exhaustive literature review on the <em>S. fontinalis</em> feeding ecology. In general the food composition reflected the availability of prey -confirming that <em>S. fontinalis</em> is an opportunistic predator- and was influenced by habitat type (stream <em>vs</em> lake), fish size, and seasonality. The obtained results were discussed in the light of the existing literature on the feeding ecology and ecological impact of <em>S. fontinalis</em>. Large benthonic insects account for a substantial part of the diet of stream dwelling brook trout, while they are almost absent both in the diet and in the prey species pool of lake-dwelling brook trout, probably reflecting a stronger ecological impact in the lakes.<strong> </strong></p>
Phosphorus decreases in Lake Geneva but climate warming hampers the recovery of pristine oligochaete communities whereas chironomids are less affected
Authors: Lang Claude 
Published: May 2016

<p>In response to the decrease of phosphorus concentrations in Lake Geneva (France and Switzerland), the mean percentage of individuals belonging to oligochaete species sensitive to low oxygen concentrations has increased in the profundal from 8% in 1983 to 31% in 2003. But these species decreased anew from 17% in 1999 to 2% in 2009 in the western basin of Lake Geneva (the Small Lake). This shallow basin is more exposed to the effects of warming observed since 1989 than the rest of the lake. To demonstrate these effects, the response of the main species to the increase of organic sedimentation was analysed in the gradient of fine sediment accumulation (FSA), observed in 1999 in the Small Lake. As expected, the abundance of four species classified as sensitive to low oxygen concentrations - <em>Stylodrilus lemani</em>, <em>Embolocephalus velutinus, Bichaeta sanguinea, Paracladopelma nigritula gr. </em>- decreased with the increase of FSA whereas the inverse relationship was observed for four species classified as tolerant <em>Potamothrix vejdovskyi </em>or very tolerant <em>P. hammoniensis, P. heuscheri</em>, and <em>Tubifex tubifex</em>. In contrast, the abundance of three species was not correlated with FSA:<em> Stylodrilus heringianus</em> and<em> Micropsectra contracta</em> both classified as sensitive, <em>Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri </em>as tolerant. The first component of a principal component analysis, based on the mean abundance per transect of the above species, was correlated with FSA. The second component could reflect the long-term increase of water temperature which has been advantageous for <em>Limnodrilus</em> and <em>Micropsectra</em> but disadvantageous for the sensitive oligochaete species less adapted to warm water lakes. Indeed, the abundance of the sensitive oligochaete species and of <em>P. vejdovskyi</em> has decreased from 1994 to 2009 in the Small Lake whereas the abundance of <em>Limnodrilus</em> has increased. <em>Micropsectra </em>and <em>Paracladopelma</em> became more abundant than sensitive oligochaete species. In addition to the effects of temperature, the recovery of the pristine oligochaete community was perhaps impeded in 2009 because the transfer of organic matter to the sediment was increased by the impact of fish (mostly<em> Coregonus</em>) feeding selectively on zooplankton. Finally, many micro pollutants (pesticides, drugs, and other substances) which are present in the lake could have negatively affected sensitive oligochaete species. </p><p> </p>
An audit of the results of a triplet metronomic chemotherapy regimen incorporating a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancers patients
Authors: Patil Vijay M. , Chakraborty Santam , Jithin T. K. , Sajith Babu T. P. , Babu Satheesh , Kumar Shiva , Biji M. S. , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Balasubramanian Satheesan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background: Addition of erlotinib to metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) may lead to further improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival in head and neck cancers. The aim of this study was to study the PFS with MCT + erlotinib combination in our setting. Methods: A single-arm prospective observational study conducted at Malabar Cancer Center. Patients warranting palliative chemotherapy for head and neck cancers, having adequate organ function, not-affording cetuximab and not willing for intravenous chemotherapy were included in this study. Oral methotrexate (15 mg/m 2 /week), oral celecoxib (200 mg twice daily), and erlotinib (150 mg once daily) were administered till the progression of the disease or till intolerable side-effects. Patients underwent toxicity (CTCAE version 4.02) and response (RECIST version 1.1) assessment every 30 days. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 (IBM, New York, USA). Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier analysis have been performed. Results: A total of 15 patients received MCT. The median age of these patients was 65 years (range: 48-80). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status was 0-1 in seven patients (46.7%), while it was 2 in eight patients (53.3%). The primary sites of tumor were predominantly oral cavity, 11 (73.4%). Prior to MCT, treatment with palliative radiation therapy was given in 11 patients and curative treatment in two patients. The best response post-MCT was complete remission in two patients, partial remission in seven patients, stable disease in four patients, and progressive disease in two patients. The median estimated PFS was 148 days (95% confidence interval 95.47-200.52 days). For a median follow-up of 181 days, there were only three deaths. Grade 3-4 toxicity was seen in six patients (40%). Dose reduction was required in four patients (26.7%). Conclusion: The addition of erlotinib to an MCT schedule of methotrexate and celecoxib resulted in a promising PFS and should be tested in future studies.