bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of exercise therapy for temporomandibular dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dickerson Shantil M , Weaver Jarod M , Boyson Ashley N , Thacker Jared A , Junak Andrew A , Ritzline Pamela D , Donaldson Megan B 
Published: October 2016

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of exercise therapy on pain, function, and mobility outcomes in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Study design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis undertaken following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies that met the inclusion criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials; (2) a population with the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction; and (3) interventions that included exercise therapy were considered for review. When studies demonstrated homogeneity on outcome measures, the mean differences or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence interval were calculated and pooled in a meta-analysis for pooled synthesis. Results: Six articles with a total of 419 participants were included in the review and only four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Mobility and mixed exercise therapy approaches appear to be the most common exercise approaches utilized for management of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Exercise therapy and the associated dosage provide moderate short-term and varying long-term benefits in reduction of pain and improvement of range of motion of the in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Conclusion: Included studies suggest a mobility or a mixed approach to exercise therapies have impact on reducing pain, significant impact for increasing range of motion, but lack a significant impact for functional improvement. Level of evidence: Therapy, level 1a-.
Low-Level Motion Characteristics Do Not Account for Perceptions of Stream-Bounce Stimuli
Authors: Zeljko Mick , Grove Philip M. 
Published: October 2016

The stream-bounce effect refers to a bistable motion stimulus that is interpreted as two targets either “streaming” past or “bouncing” off one another, and the manipulations that bias responses. Directional bias, according to Bertenthal et al., is an account of the effect proposing that low-level motion integration promotes streaming, and its disruption leads to bouncing, and it is sometimes cited either directly in a bottom-up fashion or indirectly under top-down control despite Sekuler and Sekuler finding evidence inconsistent with it. We tested two key aspects of the hypothesis: (a) comparable changes in speed should produce comparable disruptions and lead to similar effects; and (b) speed changes alone should disrupt integration without the need for additional more complex changes of motion. We found that target motion influences stream-bounce perception, but not as directional bias predicts. Our results support Sekuler and Sekuler and argue against the low-level motion signals driving perceptual outcomes in stream-bounce displays (directly or indirectly) and point to higher level inferential processes involving perceptual history and expectation. Directional bias as a mechanism should be abandoned and either another specific bottom-up process must be proposed and tested or consideration should be given to top-down factors alone driving the effect.
Transarterial chemoembolization vs bland embolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Facciorusso Antonio , Bellanti Francesco , Villani Rosanna , Salvatore Veronica , Muscatiello Nicola , Piscaglia Fabio , Vendemiale Gianluigi , Serviddio Gaetano 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAlthough transarterial chemoembolization is considered the standard of care for intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma patients, robust data in favor of a clear superiority of chemoembolization (with chemotherapy injection) over bland embolization are lacking.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to systematically analyze the results provided by randomized controlled trials comparing these two treatments in hepatocarcinoma patients.MethodsA computerized bibliographic search on the main databases was performed. Survival rates assessed at one, two, and three years, objective response, one‐year progression‐free survival, and severe adverse event rate were analyzed. Comparisons were performed by using the Mantel‐Haenszel test in cases of low heterogeneity or DerSimonian and Laird test in cases of high heterogeneity.ResultsSix trials with 676 patients were included. No difference in one‐year (risk ratio: 0.93, 0.85–1.03, p  = 0.16), two‐year (risk ratio: 0.88, 0.74–1.06, p  = 0.18) and three‐year survival (risk ratio: 0.97, 0.74–1.27, p  = 0.81) was observed. Objective response and one‐year progression‐free survival showed no significant difference between the two treatments (p  = 0.36 and p  = 0.40, respectively).A statistically significant increase in severe toxicity after chemoembolization was found (risk ratio: 1.44, 1.08–1.92, p  = 0.01), although this result could be affected by the heterogeneity of techniques adopted.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis demonstrates a non‐superiority of transarterial chemoembolization with respect to bland embolization in hepatocarcinoma patients.
Severe Necrotising Soft Tissue Infections in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Theis JC , Rietveld J , Danesh-Clough T 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To review all cases of necrotising infection managed in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Dunedin Hospital in New Zealand between 1989 and 1998. Methods. Hospital records were analysed for predisposing factors, clinical features, diagnostic results, treatment strategies, and outcomes. Results. 13 cases (9 males and 4 females) of necrotising infection were identified. The mean age was 48 years (range, 8–76 years). Presenting symptoms included painful swelling, erythema, and necrosis. Most patients had predisposing factors and had received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before presentation. 12 patients underwent surgical debridement including a total of 4 amputations. Septic shock developed in 9 patients who required dialysis for renal failure. Four patients died. The most common organisms identified were group A beta-haemolytic streptococci. Conclusion. Severe necrotising infections require a high index of suspicion and rapid medical and surgical intervention to reduce the mortality and morbidity.
Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours of the Foot: Review of 83 Cases
Authors: Kinoshita G , Matsumoto M , Maruoka T , Shiraki T , Tsunemi K , Futani H , Maruo S 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To review cases of bone and soft tissue tumours of the feet managed at the Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya and Takarazuka Municipal Hospital, Takarazuka, Japan. Methods. Retrospective analysis of 83 patient records treated for bone and soft tissue tumours of the feet between 1974 and 2000. Results. There were 33 benign bone tumours, one primary malignant bone tumour, and 2 metastatic bone cancer. Marginal resection was performed in cases of osteochondroma and curettage in cases of other benign bone tumour. Despite below-knee amputation in the case of chondrosarcoma, the patient died because of pulmonary metastasis. Two patients with metastatic cancer also died, and 2 cases of osteochondroma and one of benign chondroblastoma recurred. There were 47 cases of soft tissue tumour. Treatment for benign soft tissue tumours was marginal resection; no cases recurred. In contrast, all patients with soft tissue sarcoma died after surgery. The majority of bone tumours were located in the toe and hindfoot areas, in the first and second decades of life, whereas soft tissue tumours occurred mainly in the midfoot area and in patients aged between 20 and 50 years. The sex distribution was almost even for bone tumours (male: female ratio, 19: 17), whereas about half as many males as females had soft tissue tumours (14:33). Conclusion. Bone and soft tissue tumours of the feet are uncommon. Most bone tumours are chondrogenic, but differential diagnosis of malignant from benign disease is difficult and prognosis is poor. Management of benign tumours by marginal resection has good prognosis, whereas prognosis of soft tissue sarcomas is very poor.
Treatment of Pathological Fractures of the Humerus with a Locked Intramedullary Nail
Authors: Bauze AJ , Clayer MT 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. The humerus is a common site for metastasis. Intramedullary nail fixation has been reported to be the best form of fixation for this disease but complications occur. This study aimed to assess the use of a new humeral nail to treat pathological fractures and impending pathological fractures of the humerus. Methods. 29 patients received 31 Austofix locked intramedullary humeral nails: 25 for pathological fractures and 6 for impending fractures; 24 nails were inserted anterograde and 7 retrograde. Cement augmentation was applied in 4 patients, and adjuvant therapy was used in 28 patients. Complications occurred in 12 patients. Results. Fixation failed in 6 patients: 2 due to intra-operative fractures during retrograde nailing, one due to a fracture through screw holes postoperatively, and 3 due to local progression of disease. Difficulty in distal locking of the nail was encountered in 4 patients. Locked intramedullary nailing resulted in a stable humerus in 80% of patients. Conclusion. Retrograde insertion of the nail is associated with an increased risk of intra-operative fracture, and disease progression can occur, despite the administration of adjuvant therapy.
Use of Epidural Analgesia for Pain Management after Major Spinal Surgery
Authors: Kumar RJ , Menon KV , Ranjith TC 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. This is a retrospective study of the role of postoperative epidural analgesia in major spinal surgical procedures. With the number and complexity of the procedures performed on the spine ever-increasing, this method of analgesia is becoming more important. Methods. Results of 74 consecutive cases of major spinal surgeries between January 2000 and January 2001 at the Spine Division, Amritha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, India, were studied. 32 cases were posterior procedures and the other 42 were anterior procedures of the thoracic and lumbar regions. The use of various combinations of local anaesthetic and opioid to control postoperative pain after spinal surgery were analysed. Results. 36 (49%) of 74 patients did not require any parenteral supplements. Of the remaining 38 patients who required supplementary parenteral analgesia in the first 48 hours, 25 (34%) received a single dose and 13 (18%) required more than one dose. The number of patients requiring parenteral analgesia immediately after operation were 11; between 2 and 6 hours were 12; and between 6 and 24 hours were 11. Of the 74 patients, 67 had a sound sleep after epidural administration. There were 2 cases of respiratory depression and 2 of transient hypotension. Conclusion. Most epidural analgesic regimens significantly reduced postoperative pain, and the requirement for supplementary parenteral analgesics was minimal. Adverse effects were rare, yet we recommend that patients treated with this protocol be managed in high-dependency units.
Minimally Displaced Intra-Capsular Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly—Comparison of Multiple Threaded Pins and Sliding Compression Screws Surgical Techniques
Authors: Wu CC , Chen WJ 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To determine the outcome of treatment for minimally displaced femoral neck fractures using multiple threaded pins versus sliding compression screws for internal fixation. Methods. The medical records of 62 consecutive elderly patients with minimally displaced intra-capsular femoral neck fractures who underwent internal fixation of the fracture (37 with multiple threaded pins, and 25 with sliding compression screws) were reviewed. Clinical and radiological assessment of fracture healing at follow-up visits were noted. Results. In the 55 patients seen for follow-up at 3 months, 21.9% (n=7) of those treated by pinning demonstrated non-union of the fracture, and 0% of fractures treated with sliding compression screws (p=0.02). 46 patients were seen for follow-up at 1 year, with 10% (n=2) of those treated with sliding compression screws found to have osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The 2 fractures in the group treated by pinning demonstrating non-union at 3 months failed to unite by 1 year (p=0.11). 34 patients were seen for follow-up for at least 2 years, with no additional complications noted. Conclusion. Using sliding compression screws to treat minimally displaced femoral neck fractures can achieve a higher union rate than using pinning. The reason may be the better stability in the osteoporotic bone. However, osteonecrosis of the femoral head may occur with use of sliding compression screws because of greater intramedullary vascular damage as a result of wider reaming.
The Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Elderly Chinese Suffering Hip Fracture is Low without Prophylaxis: A Prospective Study Using Serial Duplex Ultrasound
Authors: Chan YK , Chiu KY , Cheng SWK , Ho P 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To investigate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among elderly Hong Kong Chinese patients suffering from acute hip fracture and to analyse the risk factors associated with DVT. Methods. A total of 100 consecutive Chinese hip fracture patients with a mean age of 80 years were investigated serially using duplex ultrasound scans preoperatively and at 1 week, 3 to 6 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. No chemoprophylaxis or prophylaxis against DVT was given. Results. 95 patients completed 3 duplex scans during hospitalisation; 5 (5.3%) of them were found to have developed DVT over the ilio-femoral venous segment. Of the 90 patients who had no DVT, 73 were reassessed 3 months after operation; one of them was found to have developed calf DVT. Older patients, chair-bound or dependent patients, and patients living in institutions carried a higher risk of developing DVT. Conclusion. This prospective study shows that the incidence of DVT developing after acute hip fracture in Chinese geriatric patients was low. We therefore do not recommend routine chemoprophylaxis for elderly patients with hip fracture.
Cement Penetration and Stiffness of the Cement-Bone Composite in the Proximal Tibia in a Porcine Model
Authors: Bauze AJ , Costi JJ , Stavrou P , Rankin WA , Hearn TC , Krishnan J , Slavotinek JP 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To assess the stiffness of the cement bone composite and the depth and uniformity of cement penetration into the surface of the tibial component during total knee reconstruction in a porcine model. Methods. The effectiveness of 3 protocols were compared: 2 commonly used cementing techniques—finger-packing of cement on the cut surface followed by impaction, and coating of the undersurface of the prosthesis with cement followed by impaction—and a new method using a tibial cement-pressurising device. Cement penetration was measured by computed tomography; stiffness was determined by hydraulic penetration testing. Results. Cement penetration at a depth of 1 mm was significantly greater following coating the undersurface of the prosthesis than following finger-packing (p=0.008). There was no significant difference at deeper levels or between the tibial-pressurising device group and either of the 2 other groups at any level (p>0.3 in all cases). Differences in surface stiffness by tibial plateau region were found in tibiae that had been cemented using finger-packing and in those that had had their undersurface coated, but not in tibiae that had been cemented using the tibial-pressurising device. Conclusion. The tibial cement-pressurising device eliminated regional differences in stiffness seen with other cementing methods. Elimination of these differences by using this device should reduce micromotion and the incidence of aseptic loosening of tibial base plates in total knee arthroplasty.
Investigation of the Use of Drained Blood Reinfusion after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Cheng SC , Hung TSL , Tse PYT 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To compare the use of a blood salvage and reinfusion system with standard allogeneic blood transfusion after total knee arthroplasty—a procedure associated with significant postoperative blood loss. Methods. Between June 2002 and May 2004, 60 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomly allocated into a reinfusion group (n=26) or a control group (n=34). Patients in the reinfusion group had their blood reinfused from drains within 6 hours of surgery. Both groups received allogeneic blood transfusions according to specified transfusion criteria if the haemoglobin level fell below 90 g/l, or in the presence of severe anaemic symptoms. Haemoglobin levels and drain output were recorded daily for 3 consecutive days after surgery. Results. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in demographic data, drain output, total blood loss, and mean postoperative haemoglobin levels. Significantly more allogeneic blood was required by the control group than by the reinfusion group (p=0.022). Conclusion. Postoperative reinfusion of drained blood reduced the need for blood transfusion after total knee arthroplasty, while having an effect on postoperative haemoglobin level equivalent to standard allogeneic blood transfusion.
Active Mobilisation after Flexor Tendon Repair: Comparison of Results following Injuries in Zone 2 and other Zones
Authors: Hung LK , Pang KW , Yeung PLC , Cheung L , Wong JMW , Chan P 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To prospectively study the role of active mobilisation after flexor tendon repair. Methods. The standard modified Kessler's technique was used to repair 46 digits in 32 patients with flexor tendon injuries. Early active mobilisation of the repaired digit was commenced on the third postoperative day. Range of movement was monitored and recovery from injury in zone 2 was compared with injury in other zones. Results. There were 24 and 22 injuries in zone 2 and other zones respectively. The total active motion score of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand was measured. Patients with zone-2 injuries achieved similar results to those with other-zone injuries apart from a 3-week delay in recovery. The final results were good to excellent in 71% and 77% of zone-2 and other-zone cases respectively (p<0.05). There were 2 ruptures in zone-2 and one rupture in zone-3 repairs (6.5%). Conclusion. Preliminary results of this study showed that active mobilisation following flexor tendon repair provides comparable clinical results and is as safe as conventional mobilisation programmes although recovery in patients with zone-2 injury was delayed.
Prevalence of Osteoarthritis, Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures, and Spondylolisthesis among the Elderly in a Japanese Village
Authors: Horikawa K , Kasai Y , Yamakawa T , Sudo A , Uchida A 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To study the prevalence of osteoarthritis, osteoporotic vertebral fractures, and spondylolisthesis among elderly residents of a Japanese village and to examine the correlation between radiographic evidence of abnormality and lower back pain. Methods. 205 men (mean age, 70.7 years) and 323 women (mean age, 70.5 years) in a Japanese village participated in this cross-sectional study. Plain lateral radiographs were taken from the lower thoracic spine to the sacral spine. They were evaluated by 3 independent orthopaedic surgeons for degree of osteoarthritis (using Weiner grading system) and the presence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and spondylolisthesis. Results. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in elderly Japanese villagers was 38.3%, whereas that of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and spondylolisthesis was 17.8% and 8.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in osteoarthritis between men and women, but osteoporotic vertebral fractures and spondylolisthesis were significantly more common in females (p<0.01). No significant correlation was observed between lower back pain and radiographic evidence of degenerative spinal disease. Conclusion. The prevalence of spondylolisthesis in elderly Japanese was much lower than that in whites or African Americans. The prevalence of osteoarthritis or osteoporotic vertebral fractures was comparable with other English or US studies. Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis, osteoporotic vertebral fractures, and spondylolisthesis is not necessarily associated with lower back pain.
One-Stage Combined Surgery with or without Preoperative Traction for Developmental Dislocation of the Hip in Older Children
Authors: Tezeren G , Tukenmez M , Bulut O , Cekin T , Percin S 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To compare one-stage combined surgery with and without preoperative traction, in older children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). Methods. Records of 9 children who underwent combined surgery for DDH with preoperative traction in 12 hips (group 1) and 12 undergoing the same procedure without preoperative traction in 16 hips (group 2) were retrospectively reviewed. The surgery consisted of open reduction, Salter's innominate osteotomy and femoral shortening with derotation varus osteotomy. The mean age of the patients at the time of operation was 5.8 years. The mean follow-up period was 5.9 years. Results. At final follow-up, clinical outcome in group 1 was worse than that in group 2, though radiographic assessment demonstrated no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion. One-stage combined surgery without preoperative traction is effective in the treatment of DDH in older children, and has a lower complication rate, but radiographically the groups did not differ.
Biocompatability of Hydroxyapatite Composite as a Local Drug Delivery System
Authors: Krisanapiboon A , Buranapanitkit B , Oungbho K 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To investigate the biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite composite (hydroxyapatite, plaster of Paris, and chitosan) impregnated with gentamicin, fosfomycin, imipenem, or amphotericin B. Methods. The interactions of the extract from each drug against osteoblast were tested using the methylthiotetrazole test. Results. Extracts from all drugs showed good biocompatibility at concentrations varying from 10 μg/ml to 1000 μg/ml. Imipenem and amphotericin B at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml had a significantly higher percentage of cell viability than the control group. No morphological change of osteoblast was observed in all drug tests at any concentrations. Conclusion. The hydroxyapatite composite had a good biocompatibility for carrying gentamicin, fosfomycin, imipenem, or amphotericin B.