bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapy of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With an SN-38-Anti-Trop-2 Drug Conjugate, Sacituzumab Govitecan
Authors: Heist Rebecca Suk , Guarino Michael J. , Masters Gregory , Purcell W. Thomas , Starodub Alexander N. , Horn Leora , Scheff Ronald J. , Bardia Aditya , Messersmith Wells A. , Berlin Jordan , Ocean Allyson J. , Govindan Serengulam V. , Maliakal Pius , Mudenda Boyd , Wegener William A. , Sharkey Robert M. , Goldenberg David M. , Camidge D. Ross 
Published: May 2017

Purpose Trop-2, expressed in most solid cancers, may be a target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We studied sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132), a Trop-2 ADC, for the targeting of SN-38. Patients and Methods We evaluated IMMU-132 in a single-arm multicenter trial in patients with pretreated metastatic NSCLC who received either 8 or 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 of 21-day cycles. The primary end points were safety and objective response rate (ORR). Progression-free survival and overall survival were secondary end points. Results Fifty-four patients were treated. In the response-assessable study population (n = 47), which had a median of three prior therapies (range, two to seven), the ORR was 19%; median response duration, 6.0 months (95% CI, 4.8 to 8.3 months); and clinical benefit rate (complete response + partial response + stable disease ≥ 4 months), 43%. ORR in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population was 17% (nine of 54). Responses occurred with a median onset of 3.8 months, including patients who had relapsed or progressed after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Median ITT progression-free survival was 5.2 months (95% CI, 3.2 to 7.1 months) and median ITT overall survival, 9.5 months (95% CI, 5.9 to 16.7 months). Grade 3 or higher adverse events included neutropenia (28%), diarrhea (7%), nausea (7%), fatigue (6%), and febrile neutropenia (4%). One patient developed a transient immune response, despite patients receiving a median of 10 doses. More than 90% of 26 assessable archival tumor specimens were highly positive (2+, 3+) for Trop-2 by immunohistochemistry, which suggests that Trop-2 is not a predictive biomarker for response. Conclusion IMMU-132 was well-tolerated and induced durable responses in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic NSCLC. This ADC should be studied further in this disease and in other patients with Trop-2–expressing tumors.
Reducing Hospitalization Rates for Children With Anaphylaxis
Authors: Farbman Karen S. , Michelson Kenneth A. , Neuman Mark I. , Dribin Timothy E. , Schneider Lynda C. , Stack Anne M. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Most children with anaphylaxis in the emergency department (ED) are hospitalized. Opportunities exist to safely reduce the hospitalization rate for children with anaphylaxis by decreasing unnecessary hospitalizations. A quality improvement (QI) intervention was conducted to improve care and reduce hospitalization rates for children with anaphylaxis.

METHODS:
We used the Model for Improvement and began with development and implementation in 2011 of a locally developed evidence-based guideline based on national recommendations for the management of anaphylaxis. Guideline adoption and adherence were supported by interval reminders and feedback to providers. Patients from 2008 to 2014 diagnosed with anaphylaxis were identified, and statistical process control methods were used to evaluate change in hospitalization rates over time. The balancing measure was any return visit to the ED within 72 hours. To control for secular trends, hospitalization rates for anaphylaxis at 34 US children’s hospitals over the same time period were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Over the study period, there were 1169 visits for children with anaphylaxis, of which 731 (62%) occurred after the QI implementation. The proportion of children hospitalized decreased from 54% to 36%, with no increase in the 72-hour ED revisit rate. The hospitalization rate across 34 other US pediatric hospitals remained static at 52% over the study period.

CONCLUSIONS:
We safely reduced unnecessary hospitalizations for children with anaphylaxis and sustained the change over 3 years by using a QI initiative that included evidence-based guideline development and implementation, reinforced by provider reminders and structured feedback.
Achieving "decent work" in South Africa?
Authors: Cohen Tamara , Moodley Luendree 
Published: May 2017

The fundamental goal of the International Labour Organisation is the achievement of decent and productive work for both women and men in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. The South African government has pledged its commitment to the attainment of decent work and sustainable livelihoods for all workers and has undertaken to mainstream decent work imperatives into national development strategies.

The four strategic objectives of decent work as identified by the ILO are: i) the promotion of standards and rights at work, to ensure that worker's constitutionally protected rights to dignity, equality and fair labour practices, amongst others, are safeguarded by appropriate legal frameworks; (ii) the promotion of employment creation and income opportunities, with the goal being not just the creation of jobs but the creation of jobs of acceptable quality; (iii) the provision and improvement of social protection and social security, which are regarded as fundamental to the alleviation of poverty, inequality and the burden of care responsibilities; and (iv) the promotion of social dialogue and tripartism.

This article considers the progress made towards the attainment of these decent work objectives in South Africa, using five statistical indicators to measure such progress namely: (i) employment opportunities; (ii) adequate earnings and productive work; (iii) stability and security of work; (iv) social protection; and (v) social dialogue and workplace relations. It concludes that high levels of unemployment and a weakened economy in South Africa have given rise to a growing informal sector and an increase in unacceptable working conditions and exploitation. The rights of workers in the formal sector have not filtered down to those in the informal sector, who remains vulnerable and unrepresented. Job creation initiatives have been undermined by the global recession and infrastructural shortcomings and ambitious governmental targets appear to be unachievable, with youth unemployment levels and gender inequalities remaining of grave concern. Social protection programmes fail to provide adequate coverage to the majority of the economically active population. Social dialogue processes and organisational structures fail to accommodate or represent the interests of the informal sector. Until these problems are overcome, the article concludes, it remains unlikely that decent work imperatives will be attained.
Applying behavioural science to issues of public health in South Africa: The case for social norms intervention
Authors: Ganz Gary , Neville Fergus G. , Ward Catherine L. 
Published: May 2017

In the effort to address behavioural risk factors – which contribute significantly to the global burden of disease – there is a growing movement in public health towards the use of interventions informed by behavioural science. These interventions have the benefit of being amenable to testing in randomised controlled trials, are cost-effective and, when scaled up, can have significant public health benefits. A subset of these interventions attempts to change behaviour by shifting social norms perception (what I think everyone else does and thinks). We surveyed the work on social norms intervention and considered its applicability to issues of public health in South Africa. Social norms interventions have widespread and significant potential to address issues of public health in South Africa; policymakers should look to these interventions as cost-effective tools to address key issues. More broadly, we advocate for an expansion of the use of behavioural science in developing public policy in South Africa.

Significance:

The application of behavioural science to issues of public health will contribute to evidence-based policy efforts in South Africa.
Wpływ suszy hydrologicznej na inwestycje w energetyce wodnej. Możliwości zapobiegania skutkom suszy
Authors: Sołtuniak Joanna 
Published: May 2017

W artykule zostały zaprezentowane kwestie związane z energetyką wodną, potencjałem hydrologicznym i sposobami jego szacowania. Wskazano, że woda ogólnie uważana jest za czyste, bezpieczne i przewidywalne źródło energii. Przeanalizowano wpływ suszy hydrologicznej i możliwości zapobiegania jej skutkom. Artykuł zawiera ocenę bezpieczeństwa energetycznego oraz efektywności ekonomicznej projektów w elektrowniach wodnych w czasie suszy.
Response of No‐Till Grain Crops to Pig Slurry Application Methods and a Nitrification Inhibitor
Authors: Gonzatto Rogério , Aita Celso , Bélanger Gilles , Chantigny Martin H. , Miola Ezequiel C. C. , Pujol Stefen B. , Dessbesel Alexandre , Giacomini Sandro J. 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
Mineral N fertilization of no‐till crops may be replaced by pig slurry.
Pig slurry with and without dicyandiamide was injected or broadcast in a no‐till soil.
Pig slurry injection in a no‐till soil increased grain yield and crop N use efficiency.
Dicyandiamide added to slurry improved crop yield and N use efficiency only in winter crops.
The effects of application methods and nitrification inhibitors on the fertilizer value of pig slurry (PS) in no‐till crops are still poorly documented. We evaluated grain and straw yield, and N accumulation of no‐till corn (Zea mays L.), oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 2011 to 2015 on a loam soil under a subtropical climate. The crops received either: (i) no fertilizer, no dicyandiamide (DCD) (control), (ii) surface‐broadcast of urea‐N (reference treatment), (iii) surface‐broadcast pig slurry (PSs), (iv) PSs + DCD, (v) shallow‐injected pig slurry (PSi), or (vi) PSi + DCD. Broadcast applications were performed manually whereas injection in furrows (≈10 cm) was made with a commercial applicator. Corn and wheat grain yields were similar with pig slurry and mineral fertilizer, confirming the good fertilizer value of pig slurry for no‐till grain crops. Compared with surface broadcast, shallow injection of pig slurry increased grain yields of corn (+1.5 Mg ha−1) and wheat (+0.3 Mg ha−1), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) of corn (+9 kg grain kg−1 total N applied) and wheat (+2 kg grain kg−1 N), and apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR) in corn (46–68%) and wheat (29–38%). Crop performance was generally not affected by DCD, except for wheat in 2013 with increased yield (+15%), NAE (+2.7 kg grain kg−1 N), and ANR (31–39%). Pig slurry injection improved yield and N use efficiency of no‐till grain crops, whereas DCD addition to pig slurry appeared more favorable for winter than summer crops.
Um Balanço de 10 Anos de Políticas de Ação Afirmativa no Brasil
Authors: Heringer Rosana 
Published: May 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo destacar os principais avanços e desafios colocados pela implantação das políticas de ação afirmativano Brasil, particularmente no que se refere ao acesso à educação superior. Aborda o processo histórico de discussão e implantação destas políticas, levando em conta, em termos de avanços, os seguintes aspectos: ampliação do acesso à educação superior e legitimidade das políticas. Por outro lado aponta como desafios aspolíticas de permanência na educação superior e a ampliação de expectativas de estudantes do ensino médio sobre a continuidade dos seus estudos, principalmente em relação aos estudantes deescolas públicas, menor renda, pretos e pardos.
O Peregrino Indignado: Topías e Utopias do 15M
Authors: Feixa Carles , Perondi Maurício , Castro Guillermo 
Published: May 2017

A peregrinação é um ritual religioso que consiste em fazer um percurso a pé ou mediante outros meios de transporte, individual ou em grupo,que tem como meta chegar a uma cidade ou santuário comum a conotação sagrada e com uma finalidade espiritual. Na Península Ibérica, o Caminho de Santiago de Compostela constitui a máxima expressão deste ritual, tendo se transformado hoje num referencial do turismo cultural. Este texto analisa outro tipo de peregrinação, cuja finalidade não é religiosa se não política: a Marcha Popular Indignada, que em julho de 2011 movimentou centenas de caminhantesdesde a periferia até a Praça do Sol, no centro da capital espanhola, Madrid. Este “Caminho de Sol” é analisado com metáfora do 15M ,o movimento dos Indignados, surgido na Espanha em maio de 2011, a partir de acampamentos de protesto na maior parte das cidades, que teve sua culminância com a chegada da Marcha no local onde se iniciaram os acampamentos: na Praça do Sol. Através do relato de Guillermo, um dos jovens que participou da Marcha, reconstruímos as origens, motivações e evolução deste movimento. Na conclusão, como forma de epílogo, fazemos um balanço do Movimento 15M, cinco anos após o seu início, quando um de seus herdeiros políticos, o Partido Podemos, acaba de chegar ao Parlamento com força, colocando fim ao bipartidismo que imperava até então.
Fronteras intraeuropeas, desactivación fronteriza, cooperación transfronteriza e instituciones: El caso de La Raya ibérica
Authors: Calderón Vázquez Francisco José 
Published: May 2017

El presente trabajo plantea una aplicación al caso de la política europea de cooperación transfronteriza (CTF). Se revisa la CTF llevada a cabo en la frontera hispano-portuguesa desde una perspectiva funcional, mediante una descripción panorámica del proceso de implementación de CTF luso-hispana, de los agentes e instituciones que la han llevado a cabo, en particular las comunidades de trabajo, y de los resultados logrados a lo largo del proceso. Entendiendo por resultados: 1) qué avances o retrocesos se han realizado en la desactivación de esta frontera secular ─es decir, se ha logrado eliminar el efecto frontera─, 2) qué obstáculos quedan pendientes y 3) cuáles son los desafíos de futuro. Las conclusiones muestran un panorama ambiguo por cuanto que se constatan grandes avances en los aspectos de infraestructura, de transporte, comunicación, intercambio y comercio; aunque todavía queden flecos pendientes y otros campos -culturales, antropológicos-sociológicos- donde los progresos son poco significativos o nulos.
Argentina frente al gobierno de Allende, la mirada del diario Río Negro
Authors: Azcoitia Alfredo 
Published: May 2017

En el presente artículo abordamos las noticias sobre los vínculos argentino-chilenos que circularon por el diario más influyente de la Norpatagonia argentina durante el gobierno de Salvador Allende (1970-1973). A través de herramientas del análisis del discurso damos cuenta de las múltiples dimensiones que condicionaron dichos discursos como también de los sentidos que adquirieron las relaciones binacionales en el marco de los mismos. Consideramos que este tipo de estudios contribuyen a deconstruir las miradas esencializadas sobre el otro, dando cuenta de las diversas aristas contenidas en las representaciones que circulan a través de la prensa. Esto adquiere mayor relevancia en el caso de la Norpatagonia, al tratarse de una región cuyos vínculos con Chile configuran una experiencia tan histórica como cotidiana. En este sentido, los discursos que prevalecieron en el Río Negro construyeron un Chile cuyo pasado y presente lo vinculaba íntimamente al futuro de la Argentina y la región.
Olhar o magistério "no próprio espelho": O conceito de profissionalidade e as possibilidades de se repensar o sentido da profissão docente
Authors: Simões Coelho Ana Maria , Diniz-Pereira Júlio Emílio 
Published: May 2017

Em seu livro Ofício de Mestre – Imagens e auto-imagens, o Professor Emérito da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, no Brasil, Miguel Arroyo, levanta as seguintes questões sobre o magistério: "Como a categoria pensa em si mesma? No espelho dos outros ou no próprio espelho?". Ao deixar se encantar pela "ilusão da profissionalização" – e a fortíssima influência que a vertente funcionalista exerce sobre esse conceito –, o magistério parece insistir em olhar para si mesmo "no espelho dos outros". Neste artigo, por meio da discussão dos conceitos de profissionalização, profissionalismo e profissionalidade e de uma revisão das principais vertentes da sociologia das profissões, discutimos as seguintes perguntas sobre esse tema: o que significa considerar que o magistério constitua, de fato, uma profissão? Quais as implicações de nos referirmos aos conceitos de profissionalização, profissionalismo e profissionalidade na descrição da atuação e das expectativas colocadas para o professor como profissional? Quais as possibilidades de se repensar o sentido do magistério a partir do conceito de profissionalidade? Ao final, defendemos a utilização do conceito de profissionalidade para se discutir a especificidade da profissão docente – ou seja, fazê-la olhar "no próprio espelho" – e que este abre novas possibilidades para se repensar o sentido do magistério.Palavras-chave: Profissão docente; Profissionalidade; Sociologia das profissões; Brasil. ABSTRACTIn his book Ofício de Mestre – Imagens e auto-imagens, Professor Emeritus at Federal University of Minas Gerais, in Brazil, Miguel Arroyo, raises the following questions about teaching: "How does the teaching profession think about itself? Through the mirror of others or through its own mirror?". By letting oneself be led by the "illusion of professionalization" – and the very strong influence that the functionalist view exerts on this concept –, the teaching profession seems to insist on looking at itself "through the mirror of others." In this article, by discussing the concepts of professionalization, professionalism and professionality, as well as a review of the sociology of professions, we discuss the following questions on this topic: what does it mean to consider that teaching is, in fact, a profession? What are the implications of referring to the concepts of professionalization, professionalism and professionality in the description of the performance and of the expectations placed for the teacher as a professional? What are the possibilities of rethinking the meaning of the teaching profession through the concept of professionalism? In the end, we defend the use of the concept of professionalism to discuss the specificity of the teaching profession – that is, "to make it look at its own mirror" – and that the concept opens new possibilities for rethinking the meaning of the teaching profession.Keywords: Teaching profession; Professionality; Sociology of professions; Brazil
Comportamiento de 50 familias de medios hermanos de Solanum quitoense Lam bajo selección recurrente
Authors: Lagos Tulio , Apraez Julián , Lagos Liz , Duarte David 
Published: May 2017

El presente estudio se orientó hacia la implementación de un programa de selección recurrente de medios hermanos, como base para el programa de mejoramiento genético de lulo de castilla en la zona Andina del departamento de Nariño. Se evaluaron 50 familias de medios hermanos en dos localidades (La Florida y Yacuanquer), con el fin de seleccionar aquellas que contribuyan a mejorar la producción, calidad y productividad del cultivo de lulo en el departamento de Nariño. Los ensayos se sembraron bajo el diseño de bloques completos al azar, con dos repeticiones. Se evaluaron las variables rendimiento, peso de fruto, peso de semilla por fruto, contenido de jugo, solidos solubles totales, acidez titulable e índice de madurez. Este primer ciclo de selección recurrente de familias de medios hermanos de lulo de Castilla fue efectivo, dado que se obtuvo un incremento en el rendimiento con 10,67 t ha-1, en el peso de fruto con 33,34 g y en contenido de jugo con 18 ml para las familias LSCmmh22, LSCmmh06, LSCmmh36, LSCmmh32, LSCmmh44, LSCmmh08, LSCmmh42, LSCmmh45, LSCmmh34 y LSCmmh29, las cuales obtuvieron los mayores índices de selección.
Cost–effectiveness analysis of endoscopic eradication therapy for treatment of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Filby Alex , Taylor Matthew , Lipman Gideon , Lovat Laurence , Haidry Rehan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Aim:
The aim was to evaluate the cost–effectiveness of endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) with combined endoscopic mucosal resection and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) arising in patients with Barrett’s esophagus compared with endoscopic surveillance alone in the UK.
Materials & methods:
The cost–effectiveness model consisted of a decision tree and modified Markov model. A lifetime time horizon was adopted with the perspective of the UK healthcare system.
Results:
The base case analysis estimates that EET for the treatment of HGD is cost-effective at a GB£20,000 cost–effectiveness threshold compared with providing surveillance alone for HGD patients (incremental cost–effectiveness ratio: GB£1272).
Conclusion:
EET is likely to be a cost-effective treatment strategy compared with surveillance alone in patients with HGD arising in Barrett’s esophagus in the UK.
Investigación interdisciplinaria de sistemas complejos: lecciones del cambio climático
Authors: García Rolando 
Published: May 2017

<span>Este texto es una síntesis, hecha por Haydeé García Bravo, de varias conferencias y seminarios que Rolando García impartió en el CEIICH, a partir de 1998 y que posteriormente él mismo sistematizó para redactar la introducción y conclusiones de su libro </span><em>Sistemas complejos. Conceptos, método y fundamentación epistemológica de la investigación interdisciplinaria </em><span>(Barcelona, Gedisa, 2006).</span>
Lobi Israel dalam Kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat ke Timur Tengah
Authors: Ramadhan Iqbal 
Published: May 2017

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh sebuah masalah yaitu peran kelompok lobi Israel yang mendominasi dalam kebijakan luar negeri AS ke Timur Tengah. Pada penelitian ini, isu yang diambil adalah studi kasus tentang kebijakan luar negeri AS pada masa pemerintahan George W. Bush. Keberpihakan AS pada Israel merupakan akibat dari lobi politik Israel di dalam perumusan kebijakan luar negeri AS. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif studi kasus. Konsep dan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep kebijakan luar negeri Lovell dan teori lobi pluralis. Hasil dan simpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah lobi Israel dapat dikategorikan sebagai input dalam kebijakan luar negeri berupa interest. Lobi Israel berperan sebagai satu-satunya sumber akses informasi yang dijadikan input kebijakan luar negeri AS pada fenomena ini. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari kekuatan finansial dan politik kelompok lobi yang mampu melobi secara langsung (direct lobby) dan tidak (indirect lobby).

Kata Kunci: Kebijakan luar negeri, perumusan kebijakan luar negeri, lobi Israel.