bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Mechanisms of Recovery after Chronic Stroke: Modeling with the Virtual Brain
Authors: Falcon Maria Inez , Riley Jeffrey D. , Jirsa Viktor , McIntosh Anthony R. , Elinor Chen E. , Solodkin Ana 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe have seen important strides in our understanding of mechanisms underlying stroke recovery, yet effective translational links between basic and applied sciences, as well as from big data to individualized therapies, are needed to truly develop a cure for stroke. We present such an approach using The Virtual Brain (TVB), a neuroinformatics platform that uses empirical neuroimaging data to create dynamic models of an individual’s human brain; specifically, we simulate fMRI signals by modeling parameters associated with brain dynamics after stroke.In 20 individuals with stroke and 11 controls, we obtained rest fMRI, T1w, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. Motor performance was assessed pre-therapy, post-therapy, and 6–12 months post-therapy. Based on individual structural connectomes derived from DTI, the following steps were performed in the TVB platform: (1) optimization of local and global parameters (conduction velocity, global coupling); (2) simulation of BOLD signal using optimized parameter values; (3) validation of simulated time series by comparing frequency, amplitude, and phase of the simulated signal with empirical time series; and (4) multivariate linear regression of model parameters with clinical phenotype. Compared with controls, individuals with stroke demonstrated a consistent reduction in conduction velocity, increased local dynamics, and reduced local inhibitory coupling. A negative relationship between local excitation and motor recovery, and a positive correlation between local dynamics and motor recovery were seen.TVB reveals a disrupted post-stroke system favoring excitation-over-inhibition and local-over-global dynamics, consistent with existing mammal literature on stroke mechanisms. Our results point to the potential of TVB to determine individualized biomarkers of stroke recovery.
miR-124 Regulates Diverse Aspects of Rhythmic Behavior inDrosophila
Authors: Garaulet Daniel L. , Sun Kailiang , Li Wanhe , Wen Jiayu , Panzarino Alexandra M. , O'Neil Jenna L. , Hiesinger P. Robin , Young Michael W. , Lai Eric C. 
Published: March 2016

Circadian clocks enable organisms to anticipate and adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions. Despite substantial knowledge of central clock machineries, we have less understanding of how the central clock's behavioral outputs are regulated. Here, we identifyDrosophilamiR-124 as a critical regulator of diurnal activity. During normal light/dark cycles,mir-124mutants exhibit profoundly abnormal locomotor activity profiles, including loss of anticipatory capacities at morning and evening transitions. Moreover,mir-124mutants exhibited striking behavioral alterations in constant darkness (DD), including a temporal advance in peak activity. Nevertheless, anatomical and functional tests demonstrate a normal circadian pacemaker inmir-124mutants, indicating this miRNA regulates clock output. Among the extensive miR-124 target network, heterozygosity for targets in the BMP pathway substantially corrected the evening activity phase shift in DD. Thus, excess BMP signaling drives specific circadian behavioral output defects inmir-124knock-outs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCircadian clocks control rhythmic behaviors of most life-forms. Despite extensive knowledge of the central clock, there is less understanding of how its behavioral outputs are regulated. Here, we identify a conserved neural microRNA as a critical regulator of diurnal behavior. We findDrosophila mir-124mutants exhibit robust activity abnormalities during normal light/dark cycles and during constant darkness. Nevertheless, as the central pacemaker is functional in these mutants, miR-124 regulates clock output. We provide mechanistic insight by showing deregulation of miR-124 targets in BMP signaling drives specificmir-124defects. In summary,Drosophila mir-124mutants reveal post-transcriptional control of circadian activities, and impact of BMP signaling in behavioral output.
Theta-Alpha Oscillations Bind the Hippocampus, Prefrontal Cortex, and Striatum during Recollection: Evidence from Simultaneous EEG–fMRI
Authors: Herweg Nora A. , Apitz Thore , Leicht Gregor , Mulert Christioph , Fuentemilla Lluís , Bunzeck Nico 
Published: March 2016

Recollection of contextual information represents the core of human recognition memory. It has been associated with theta (4–8 Hz) power in electrophysiological recordings and, independently, with BOLD effects in a network including the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Although the notion of the hippocampus coordinating neocortical activity by synchronization in the theta range is common among theoretical models of recollection, direct evidence supporting this hypothesis is scarce. To address this apparent gap in our understanding of memory processes, we combined EEG and fMRI during a remember/know recognition task. We can show that recollection-specific theta-alpha (4–13 Hz) effects are correlated with increases in hippocampal connectivity with the PFC and, importantly, the striatum, areas that have been linked repeatedly to retrieval success. Together, our results provide compelling evidence that low-frequency oscillations in the theta and alpha range provide a mechanism to functionally bind the hippocampus, PFC, and striatum during successful recollection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLow-frequency oscillations are supposed to drive the binding of information across a large-scale network centered on the hippocampus, which supports mnemonic functions. The electrophysiological means to investigate this phenomenon in humans (EEG/MEG), however, are inherently limited by their spatial resolution and therefore do not allow a precise localization of the brain regions involved. By combining EEG with BOLD-derived estimates of hippocampal connectivity during recognition, we can identify the striatum and specific areas in the medial and lateral PFC as part of a circuit linked to low-frequency oscillations (4–13 Hz) that promotes hippocampus-dependent context retrieval. Therefore, the current study closes an apparent gap in our understanding of the network dynamics of memory retrieval.
Effects of Optogenetic Activation of Corticothalamic Terminals in the Motor Thalamus of Awake Monkeys
Authors: Galvan Adriana , Hu Xing , Smith Yoland , Wichmann Thomas 
Published: March 2016

The role of the corticothalamic projection in the ventral motor thalamus remains poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the electrophysiological responses of neurons in the basal ganglia and cerebellar receiving-territories of the motor thalamus (BGMT and CbMT, respectively) using optogenetic activation of corticothalamic projections in awake rhesus macaques. After injections of viral vectors carrying the excitatory opsins ChR2 or C1V1 into the primary motor and premotor cortices of two monkeys, we used optrodes to light activate opsin-expressing neurons in cortex or their terminals in the thalamus while simultaneously recording the extracellular activity of neurons in the vicinity of the stimulation sites. As expected, light activation of opsins in the cerebral cortex evoked robust, short-latency increases in firing of cortical neurons. In contrast, light stimulation of corticothalamic terminals induced small-amplitude, long-latency increases and/or decreases of activity in thalamic neurons. In postmortem material, opsins were found to be expressed in cell bodies and dendrites of cortical neurons and along their corticothalamic projections. At the electron microscopic level, opsin labeling was confined to unmyelinated preterminal axons and small terminals that formed asymmetric synapses with dendrites of projection neurons or GABAergic interneurons in BGMT and CbMT and with neurons in the reticular thalamic nucleus. The morphological features of the transfected terminals, along with the long latency and complex physiological responses of thalamic neurons to their activation, suggest a modulatory role of corticothalamic afferents upon the primate ventral motor thalamus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study provides the first analysis of the physiological effects of cortical inputs on the activity of neurons in the primate ventral motor thalamus using light activation of opsin-containing corticothalamic terminals in awake monkeys. We found that selective light activation of corticothalamic terminals in contact with distal dendrites of thalamocortical neurons and GABAergic interneurons elicits complex patterns of slowly developing excitatory and inhibitory effects in thalamic neurons of the basal ganglia- and cerebellar-receiving regions of the motor thalamus. Our observations suggest a modulatory (instead of a “driver”) role of the corticothalamic system in the primate ventral motor thalamus.
Growth Hormone Research Society perspective on the development of long-acting growth hormone preparations
Authors: Christiansen Jens Sandahl , Backeljauw Philippe F , Bidlingmaier Martin , Biller Beverly M K , Boguszewski Margaret C S , Casanueva Felipe F , Chanson Philippe , Chatelain Pierre , Choong Catherine S , Clemmons David R , Cohen Laurie E , Cohen Pinchas , Frystyk Jan , Grimberg Adda , Hasegawa Yukihiro , Haymond Morey W , Ho Ken , Hoffman Andrew R , Holly Jeff M P , Horikawa Reiko , Höybye Charlotte , Jorgensen Jens Otto L , Johannsson Gudmundur , Juul Anders , Katznelson Laurence , Kopchick John J , Lee K O , Lee Kuk-Wha , Luo Xiaoping , Melmed Shlomo , Miller Bradley S , Misra Madhusmita , Popovic Vera , Rosenfeld Ron G , Ross Judith , Ross Richard J , Saenger Paul , Strasburger Christian J , Thorner Michael O , Werner Haim , Yuen Kevin 
Published: March 2016

Objective
The Growth Hormone (GH) Research Society (GRS) convened a workshop to address important issues regarding trial design, efficacy, and safety of long-acting growth hormone preparations (LAGH).

Participants
A closed meeting of 55 international scientists with expertise in GH, including pediatric and adult endocrinologists, basic scientists, regulatory scientists, and participants from the pharmaceutical industry.

Evidence
Current literature was reviewed for gaps in knowledge. Expert opinion was used to suggest studies required to address potential safety and efficacy issues.

Consensus process
Following plenary presentations summarizing the literature, breakout groups discussed questions framed by the planning committee. Attendees reconvened after each breakout session to share group reports. A writing team compiled the breakout session reports into a draft document that was discussed and revised in an open forum on the concluding day. This was edited further and then circulated to attendees from academic institutions for review after the meeting. Participants from pharmaceutical companies did not participate in the planning, writing, or in the discussions and text revision on the final day of the workshop. Scientists from industry and regulatory agencies reviewed the manuscript to identify any factual errors.

Conclusions
LAGH compounds may represent an advance over daily GH injections because of increased convenience and differing phamacodynamic properties, providing the potential for improved adherence and outcomes. Better methods to assess adherence must be developed and validated. Long-term surveillance registries that include assessment of efficacy, cost-benefit, disease burden, quality of life, and safety are essential for understanding the impact of sustained exposure to LAGH preparations.
SASTRA “BACAAN LIAR” HARAPAN MENUJU KEMERDEKAAN
Authors: Sulton Agus 
Published: March 2016

AbstrakPenelitian ini berupaya untuk merangkai sumber informasi terkait sastra yang dianggap sebagai « bacaan liar ». Pada waktu pemerintahan kolonial, media karya sastra sangat efektif sebagai wadah perjuangan bentuk agitator dan protes kepada pemerintah sekaligus suplemen untuk memahami diri dan nasibnya sehingga harapan untuk keluar dari kolonialisme pemerintahan Belanda lekas terwujud. Pandangan ideologi komunis digunakan pijakan mentransmisikan stabilitas nilai-nilai politik, sosial, dan ekonomi dengan cara vergadering dari gerakan-gerakan radikal revolusioner Bumiputera.Kata kunci: Bacaan liar, ideologi komunis, sastra perjuangan,revolusioner Bumiputera. AbstractThis study seeks to assemble relevant literature resources that are considered ‘wild readings’. At the time of colonial rule, the literary media was very effective as a vehicle for struggle and protest to the government in addition to serving as a supplement to understand themselves in hopes that Dutch colonialism would soon be over. The communist ideology was used as a framework to transmit stability of political, social, and economic values by way vergadering of radical revolutionary movements of Bumiputera.Keywords: Communist ideology, literary struggle, revolution of Bumiputera, wild reading
TRIANGLING BELLOW’S SEIZE THE DAY
Authors: Novianti Nita 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOver the years, new theories of literary criticism have invariably emerged as a response, critique to, and development of the earlier criticisms. This paper introduces a relatively new literary theory that can enrich the repertoire of literary criticism in Indonesian context, namely family systems therapy or FST, through a critical analysis of Seize the Day by Saul Bellow, an American author whose works mainly deal with the theme of family and the issues revolving it. Partly a critique to Freud’s psychoanalysis and its variants, family systems therapy holds that one’s identity is a part of a matrix of identity, thereby requiring the analysis of one’s interrelatedness with the others involved in the matrix in order to understand one’s self. The analysis shows that the protagonist of the novel, Wilhelm, is involved in a triangle in his effort to cope with his anxiety. Triangling is also found to be merely one of the many outlets for the protagonist’s anxiety. The paper concludes that family systems theory is appropriate to critically analyze literary works dealing with family matters, such as Seize the Day. This theory offers new insights not only into the practice of literary criticism but also into seeing problems in life. Keywords: Family systems therapy, triangle, anxiety AbstrakTeori-teori kritik sastra terus bermunculan, baik sebagai tanggapan, kritik, atau perkembangan dari teori-teori sebelumnya. Makalah ini memperkenalkan sebuah teori yang cukup baru yang bisa memperkaya khasanah kritik sastra di Indonesia, yaitu terapi sistem keluarga, melalui sebuah analisis terhadap novel berjudul Seize the Day karangan Saul Bellow, seorang penulis Amerika yang karya-karyanya terutama mengangkat tema keluarga dan permasalahan yang melingkupinya. Sebagai kritik terhadap teori Psikoanalisis oleh Freud dan variasi-variasinya, terapi sistem keluarga percaya bahwa identitas seseorang adalah bagian dari matriks identitas, sehingga analisis terhadap keterhubungan seseorang dengan orang lain yang terlibat dalam matriks tersebut diperlukan jika ingin memahami diri seseorang. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa protagonis novel tersebut, Wilhelm, terlibat dalam sebuah hubungan segitiga atau triangling dalam usahanya untuk menghadapi kegelisahan hidupnya; selain itu, hubungan segitiga hanyalah satu dari sekian jalan keluar untuk kegelisahan yang dihadapi protagonis. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa teori psikoterapi keluarga cocok untuk menganalisis secara kritis karya-karya sastra yang berkenaan dengan masalah keluarga, seperti Seize the Day. Teori ini menawarkan sudut pandang baru, tidak hanya terhadap praktik dalam kritik sastra, tapi juga terhadap cara melihat permasalahan dalam hidup. Kata kunci: Terapi sistem keluarga, segitiga, kegelisahan.
Editorial
Authors: Moreira Júnior Carlos Augusto 
Published: March 2016

Começamos 2016 focalizando o tema uveítes. A Dra. Heloisa Nascimento, chefe do serviço de Uveítes da UNIFESP, revisitou o tema a nosso pedido. Fez extensa revisão com mais de 40 páginas, figuras e fotos, apresentando uma revisão compreensiva que será muito útil ao oftalmologista iniciante e ao colega que, mesmo tendo experiência no assunto, poderá rever conceitos e ter acesso ao que de mais atual existe sobre o assunto.Por isso nós, da e-oftalmo.cbo, convidamos vocês a reverem o tema, navegando por nossas páginas e se inteirando sobre todos os aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos das uveítes.Lembramos, ainda, a todos os colegas que quiserem contribuir com a nossa revista eletrônica, que devem observar as orientações aos autores em nosso site, enviando suas contribuições diretamente ao site da revista.Esperamos sua contribuição para a mais nova revista indexada da oftalmologia brasileira! Com os desejos de um Feliz 2016, Carlos Moreira Jr.Editor-Chefe
Feeding in the NICU: A Perspective from a Craniosacral Therapist
Authors: Quraishy Karyn 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCompleting full feedings is a requirement for discharge for babies in the NICU. Interaction between the nerves and the muscles of the jaw, tongue, and the soft palate is required for functional sucking and swallowing. Jaw misalignment, compressed nerves, and misshapen heads can interfere with these interactions and create feeding difficulties. Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a noninvasive manual therapy that is perfect for the fragile population in the NICU. CST can be used as a treatment modality to release fascial restrictions that are affecting the structures involved in feeding, thereby improving feeding outcomes.
Thermal Analysis of the Tibial Cement Interface with Modern Cementing Technique
Authors: Vertullo Christopher J. , Zbrojkiewicz David , Vizesi Frank , Walsh William R. 
Published: March 2016

Background:The major cause of cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) failure is aseptic loosening of the tibial component necessitating revision surgery. Recently, multiple techniques have been described to maximize cement penetration depth and density in the proximal tibia during TKA to potentially avoid early loosening. While cement polymerisation is an exothermic reaction, minimal investigation into the proximal tibial thermal safety margin during cement polymerisation has been undertaken. In animal models osseous injury occurs at temperatures greater than 47 °C when applied for one minute. The aim of this study was to investigate the cement bone interface temperatures in TKA using modern tibial cementing techniques with a cadaveric tibial tray model.Methods:Eight adult cadavers were obtained with the proximal tibial surface prepared by a fellowship trained arthroplasty surgeon. Third generation cementation techniques were used and temperatures during cement polymerization on cadaveric knee arthroplasty models were recorded using thermocouples.Results:The results showed that no tibial cement temperature exceeded 44 °C for more than 1 minute. Two of the eight cadaveric tibias recorded maximum temperatures greater than 44 °C for 55 seconds and 33 seconds, just less than the 60 seconds reported to cause thermal injury. Average maximum polymerization temperatures did not correlate with deeper cement penetration or tray material. Maximum mantle temperatures were not statistically different between metal and all polyethylene tibial trays.Conclusion:Our investigation suggests that modern cementing techniques result in maximum mantle temperatures that are less than previously recorded temperatures required to cause thermal osseous injury, although this thermal injury safety margin is quite narrow at an average of 4.95 °C (95% confidence interval ± 4.31).
La charge affective de la non-reconnaissance dans la dialectique hégélienne du maître et du serviteur
Authors: Demelemestre Gaëlle 
Published: March 2016

À la relecture marxisante de la dialectique hégélienne du maître et du serviteur, qui y voit l’expression de la lutte des classes, a fait suite une volonté de certains commentateurs de revenir à la logique interne du développement de l’esprit manifestée par cette figureparabole. En la dépassionnant, ils en ont proposé une version purement analytique, détaillant les différents contenus de conscience ponctuant chacune des étapes de la dialectique. Une telle interprétation objectivante permet-elle cependant d’épuiser les enseignements livrés ici par Hegel ? Le lexique affectif très violent auquel recourt Hegel dans ce passage nous amène à en douter. Le présent article entend montrer ce que l’on gagne, dans la compréhension des processus de reconnaissance et de déni de reconnaissance, à reconsidérer la place que Hegel accorde aux affects dans ce moment de confrontation des deux consciences.
Le marxisme et les guerres du climat
Authors: Keucheyan Razmig 
Published: March 2016

Cet article s’interroge sur le lien entre théories critiques et stratégie militaire. Après avoir examiné le rapport entre marxisme et stratégie militaire d’un point de vue historique, nous évoquerons les réflexions sur la violence en cours dans les pensées critiques actuelles. Nous verrons que rares sont celles qui prennent en considération la violence militaire comme modalité particulière de la violence collective. Ce constat est problématique, car une part importante de cette violence demeure aujourd’hui militaire. Nous aborderons ensuite un corps de doctrine militaire en plein essor à l’heure actuelle : l’écologie militaire. Celui-ci s’interroge sur les implications militaires du changement climatique. Il constitue de ce fait un point d’observation fécond pour appréhender les transformations de la violence collective dans les années à venir. Nous tâcherons de dégager quelques-uns des enjeux que soulève ce corps de doctrine du point de vue des théories critiques contemporaines.
Faire régner la discipline
Authors: Mengal Paul 
Published: March 2016

La fonction-Psy occupe une place de plus en plus importante dans notre vie quotidienne. Cantonnée à l’origine dans le milieu scolaire et, un peu plus tard, dans celui de l’institution psychiatrique, elle tend aujourd’hui à se répandre dans le milieu de l’entreprise. Dans le même mouvement, la psychologie a rompu avec une tradition qui la liait aux sciences de la nature. Cette évolution se repère de la même façon dans l’histoire de l’économie. En particulier, la psychologie behavioriste, se présente aujourd’hui comme une technologie de contrôle du comportement permettant de satisfaire aux impératifs de la production mais aussi aux exigences de sécurité qui garantissent le bon fonctionnement de la vie économique. En ce sens, elle contribue à la réalisation de ce que G. Agamben appelle le « paradigme concentrationnaire ».
Paul Valéry : pour une logique organique du tracé
Authors: Zaccarello Benedetta 
Published: March 2016

Le manuscrit valéryen excède le plan de la composition verbale et s’enrichit d’un tas de signes graphiques : croquis, sigles, tracés, diagrammes et schémas... Autant de logiques qui s’expriment simultanément sur le papier, comme elles se mélangent dans la vie de la conscience. Par cette figuration scripturale de la complexité de la pensée, Valéry poursuit la tentative qui est également à l’origine de sa propre démarche théorique : celle de trouver un langage (artificiel) pour aller au-delà du langage (courant), réceptacle trompeusement ambigu d’une prétendue rationalité discursive. Un tel déploiement babélique sert à Valéry à faire émerger l’interrelation profonde qui subsiste entre langage et image, entre successif et simultané. Débordant les limites du langage, mais s’exprimant de manière privilégiée dans le langage, l’esprit est en effet, chez Valéry, une capacité presque infinie de modulation des différents régimes de l’expression et de la représentation.