bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating the D‐Band Center of Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Shen Shijie , Wang Jiacheng , Zhong Wenwu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo tackle the global energy scarcity and environmental degradation, developing efficient electrocatalysts is essential for achieving sustainable hydrogen production via water splitting. Modulating the d‐band center of transition metal electrocatalysts is an effective approach to regulate the adsorption energy of intermediates, alter reaction pathways, lower the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step, and ultimately improve electrocatalytic water splitting performance. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in modulating the d‐band center for enhanced electrocatalytic water splitting is offered. Initially, the basics of the d‐band theory are discussed. Subsequently, recent modulation strategies that aim to boost electrocatalytic activity, with particular emphasis on the d‐band center as a key indicator in water splitting are summarized. Lastly, the importance of regulating electrocatalytic activity through d‐band center, along with the challenges and prospects for improving electrocatalytic water splitting performance by fine‐tuning the transition metal d‐band center, are provided.
Selective Interaction of Chiral Carbon Dots with Nucleic Acids: A Promising Nanosensing Platform
Authors: Maria Vitagliano Chiara , Camilli Alessandro , Georgian Moldoveanu Vyali , Di Sabato Antonio , Feroci Marta , Sturabotti Elisa , Scognamiglio Viviana , Leonelli Francesca , Masi Annalisa , Vetica Fabrizio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) represent an emerging class of nanomaterials that combine outstanding photoluminescent properties with low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. These unique features have garnered significant interest for potential applications in sensing as well as nanovectors for bioactive compounds. Within this context, the possibility of synthesizing chiral carbon dots (CCDs) has paved the way for a plethora of bioapplications in their interaction with chiral biomolecules. In this study we report the synthesis and characterization of CCDs with opposite chiralities and their selective interaction with nucleic acids. A systematic study on their interaction with different oligonucleotides (ODNs) using UV‐vis, photoluminescence, and circular dichroism analyses highlighted how the chiral surface of the CCDs induces distinct spectroscopic responses in CCDs‐ODN conjugates. These findings establish the foundation for innovative applications of CCDs as nanosensors and nanocarriers for nucleic acids. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of CCDs were investigated, highlighting their dual potential as both sensing and preservative nanomaterials for genetic material. Our results suggest significant implications for the development of chiral‐specific diagnostic tools, drug delivery systems, and therapeutic agents. Furthermore, these properties open new avenues for the use of CCDs in antibiotic residue detection, fluorescence imaging, and photodynamic therapy.
Usability and User Experience Challenges of Cross Reality Laboratories Experienced by Creators
Authors: Kobras Louis , Soll Marcus , Herrmann Franziska , Bock Annette 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCross reality laboratories are widely used in education, yet research on the usability/user experience (UX) of these laboratories is still lacking. This study wants to start the discussion about challenges for usability/UX by interviewing practitioners from a large project for cross reality laboratories spanning multiple institutes in Germany. A total of 18 challenges were discovered, together with three target groups, namely, developers, maintainers, and learners. In addition, the tension between developers and usability is discussed. Open questions include the need to conduct further research with different target groups and how to increase usability for laboratory developers.
FRC‐SGAN based anomaly event recognition for computer night vision in edge and cloud environment
Authors: V Charles Prabu , Perumal Pandiaraja 
Published: September 2024

SummaryAnomaly event recognition and identification has a crucial part in several areas, particularly in night vision environments. Conventional techniques of event recognition are hugely based upon data extracted from certain images for classification purposes. This needs users to select suitable features to establish the feature depictions for actual images per definite situations. Manual feature selection is laborious as well as heuristic tasks and the features obtained in this manner generally have worse robustness. Here, a Faster Region‐based Convolutional fused Social Generative Adversarial Network (FRC‐SGAN) is designed for anomaly event recognition in a night vision environment. At the cloud, key frame extraction, pre‐processing, feature extraction, human detection (HD) and anomalous event recognition are carried out. Initially, input video from the database is subjected to perform pre‐processing. The visibility enhancement is utilized for pre‐processing. Thereafter, features like ResNet features, texture features and statistical features are extracted. Then, HD is accomplished by DeepJoint segmentation with chord distance. Finally, anomalous detection is done by FRC‐SGAN that is the incorporation of Fast Regional Convolutional Neural Network (FR‐CNN) and Social Generative Adversarial Network (SGAN). In addition, FRC‐SGAN acquired 90.8% of accuracy, 89.7% of precision, and 89.2% of recall.
Assessing genetic gain in an intermediate wheatgrass improvement program: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Stoll Hannah , Bajgain Prabin , Anderson James 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe perennial crop intermediate wheatgrass [IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium (Host Barkworth & D.R. Dewey] has been under development as a grain crop since 2011 at the University of Minnesota (UMN). Breeding efforts have targeted larger seed size, reduced shattering, and improved threshability, among other traits. Calculating the rate of genetic gain provides insights into breeding progress and informs adjustments in future breeding practices. In this study, materials from multiple breeding cycles of the UMN IWG breeding program were grown in 4 environments to estimate realized genetic gain of domestication and agronomic traits. A set of 242 parents from breeding cycles 2–5 were planted in an augmented experimental design and evaluated over 2 years in 2 locations. Improvement in the mean values for selected traits from cycles 2 to 5 was observed for most traits. Regression analysis used to estimate the rate of genetic gain was significant for both floret and average shattering, spikelet density, seed area and width, and 10‐spike seed weight and spike weight. With this information, we make recommendations for future IWG breeding practices. For example, we recommend phenotyping the two types of shattering independently and selecting earlier anthesis genotypes to improve yield component traits. We conclude that progress for several traits may take decades to achieve desired population means, and could be improved with better phenotyping methods, genomic selection applications, and decreased time per breeding cycle. These findings are applicable to other IWG breeding programs and perennial grain domestication programs.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Cannabis Use, and the Endocannabinoid System: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ryan Jennie E. , Fruchtman Mitchell , Sparr‐Jaswa Andrea , Knehans Amy , Worster Brooke 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThere is emerging evidence that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Increasing evidence suggests that a number of neurobiological correlates between endogenous cannabinoid function and cognitive dysfunction are seen in ADHD, making the ECS a possible target for therapeutic interventions. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder are more prevalent in individuals with ADHD, compared to the general population, and there is growing popular perception that cannabis is therapeutic for ADHD. However, the relationship between cannabis use and ADHD symptomology is poorly understood. Further understanding of the role of the ECS in ADHD pathophysiology and the molecular alterations that may be a target for treatment is needed. To further the science on this emerging area of research, this scoping review describes the preclinical and clinical evidence seeking to understand the relationship between the ECS and ADHD.
Brief Report: An Examination of Curvilinear Relations Between Perceived Mother–Child Closeness and Maternal Hair Cortisol
Authors: Swaminathan Kavya , MacDonald Samantha , Doan Stacey 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTInterpersonal closeness has important health benefits; however, recent work suggests that in certain contexts, closeness can come at a cost. In the current study, curvilinear relations between mother–child closeness and health (e.g., depressive and anxiety symptoms and hair cortisol concentrations [HCC]) were tested. Our sample consisted of 117 mother (Mage = 36.86) and child (Mage = 73.07 months, 50.86% male) dyads. A quadratic relationship between maternal perceived closeness with their child and self‐reported depressive and anxiety symptoms, along with overall hair cortisol output, was hypothesized. Path analysis suggested that the quadratic term was predictive of maternal cortisol (β = 0.28, p = 0.001) and depression (β = 0.23, p = 0.014), such that both high and low perceived closeness predict greater maternal depressive symptoms and HCCs as compared to moderate levels of closeness. Results are discussed in terms of parenting support and burnout.
Court finds intra‐campus travel accommodations necessary for equal access
Authors: Masinter Michael R. 
Published: September 2024

As disability services offices increasingly serve students who seek to modify academic requirements — attendance and deadline modifications, so‐called memory aids for closed book exams, course substitutions for mathematics and foreign language requirements, emotional support animals, and roommate‐free housing accommodations — it's easy to forget that the Americans with Disabilities Act also obligates schools to provide intra‐campus travel accommodations to students with mobility impairments. Students who cannot travel independently on campus face barriers to access that have literally nothing to do with academic requirements.
Tech expert provides guidance for understanding benefits, pitfalls of AI
Authors: McCarthy Claudine 
Published: September 2024

PHILADELPHIA — About half of people who use artificial intelligence (more widely referred to as AI) don’t want anyone else to know. That's because they’re worried about seeming replaceable in their jobs, especially if they work in academia. Or they’re concerned that AI use might not be permitted or that it qualifies as some form of cheating, according to Beth Ziesenis, Owner of yournerdybestfriend.com.
How Do Patients and Their Supports Experience Temperament Based Therapy With Support (TBT‐S)? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Stedal Kristin , Funderud Ingrid , Lindstedt Katarina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTemperament Based Therapy with Support (TBT‐S) is an emerging intervention based on empirically supported neurobiological models. Due to its novelty, only a handful of studies to date have examined TBT‐S, and none of these previous studies have provided a qualitative evaluation of how TBT‐S is perceived by the target population. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide an increased understanding of how TBT‐S is experienced by patients with an eating disorder and their supports.MethodForty‐six patients with an eating disorder and 63 supports consented to be included in the study. The participants provided written responses to six open‐ended questions during the post‐treatment assessment, detailing their treatment experiences and offering additional feedback. Thematic analysis (TA) was used to analyze their written responses, aiming for a combination of latent and semantic themes.ResultsThe results reveal a substantial overlap between patients' and supports' experiences with TBT‐S. In both groups, identified themes suggest increased knowledge and hopefulness as key benefits of the intervention. While both patients and support persons considered TBT‐S to be worthwhile, patients also reported finding the intervention quite challenging. Additionally, both groups emphasized the neurobiological rationale as an essential component of TBT‐S.ConclusionsThe qualitative evaluations from this study offer new insights into how TBT‐S is experienced by the target population. The findings provide an opportunity to incorporate participant suggestions for improving the treatment, and serve as an important building block for future studies aimed at assessing the effectiveness of TBT‐S as an augmentation to treatment‐as‐usual.
A novel optimal design method for tuned mass dampers with elastic motion‐limiting stoppers
Authors: Qu Gaoqiang , Liang Qigang , Li Luyu , Bai Xiaoyu , Ou Jinping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) are commonly used passive control devices in practical engineering applications. However, motion‐limiting stoppers are usually installed to control the excessive TMD displacement due to the building space limitation, resulting in piecewise nonlinearity and detuning of TMD. This paper studies the influence of elastic motion‐limiting stoppers on the optimal design of TMDs through a piecewise stiffness TMD (PSTMD) model. Performance of a PSTMD with classical design is first investigated and proven to be ineffective. To optimize the PSTMD parameters, the motion of PSTMD is decoupled from the controlled structure, and the frequency response equation of PSTMD is obtained analytically through the averaging method. Subsequently, the solution of the optimal design frequency for PSTMD is transformed into the solution of the jump frequency in the frequency response equation. With the optimal frequency of PSTMDs, the optimal damping and control performance of PSTMDs are discussed and analyzed compared with classical linear design, which fully showcases the effectiveness of the novel design method. Finally, the effectiveness of the novel design method is verified using a nine‐story benchmark frame structure, and the results demonstrate that the control performance of the optimal PSTMD can be improved by nearly under specific seismic excitation, compared to the PSTMD with classical linear method. In summary, the novel design method can effectively take into account the influence of piecewise nonlinearity caused by elastic motion‐limiting stoppers and improve the optimal control performance of TMD in a more realistic engineering environment.
Integrated Physical‐Mental Healthcare Services in Specialist Settings to Improve Outcomes for Older People Living With Mental Health Diagnoses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Beishon Lucy , Hickey Bethan , Desai Bhavisha , Chithiramohan Tamara , Evley Rachel , Subramaniam Hari , Maniatopoulos Gregory , Rajkumar Anto P. , Dening Tom , Mukateova‐Ladinska Elizabeta , Robinson Thompson G. , Tarrant Carolyn 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany older people are now living with co‐occurring physical and mental health disorders, but these often managed separately. The aim of this systematic review was to explore integrated physical‐mental health care services available internationally for older people living with mental health diagnoses, and whether these result in improved health outcomes.MethodsMedline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched with a predefined search strategy (PROSPERO: CRD42022383824), generating 6210 articles. Studies were included where an integrated physical‐mental health care service model was utilised in a population of older people (aged >60 years) with a mental health diagnosis (including dementia or cognitive impairment) and at least one concomitant physical health condition requiring physical health care input. All studies were assessed for risk of bias (ROB 2.0, ROBINS‐I) and results were synthesised narratively.ResultsNine studies were included across inpatient (n = 6, 1262 patients) and community (n = 3, 466 patients) settings. Studies were rated as low‐moderate risk of bias. These covered joint physical‐mental health wards, liaison services, embedded physicians in mental health wards, and joint multidisciplinary teams. Services with greater integration (e.g., joint wards) had more benefits for patients and carers. There were few benefits to traditional outcomes (e.g., hospital admissions, mortality), but greater care quality, carer satisfaction, and improved mood and engagement were demonstrated.ConclusionsMultidisciplinary integrated care resulted in improvement of a range of health outcomes for older people with combined physical and mental health needs. Larger and more robust studies are needed to explore the development of these service models further, with cost‐effectiveness analyses.
Engagement of the speech motor system in challenging speech perception: Activation likelihood estimation meta‐analyses
Authors: Perron Maxime , Vuong Veronica , Grassi Madison W. , Imran Ashna , Alain Claude 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe relationship between speech production and perception is a topic of ongoing debate. Some argue that there is little interaction between the two, while others claim they share representations and processes. One perspective suggests increased recruitment of the speech motor system in demanding listening situations to facilitate perception. However, uncertainties persist regarding the specific regions involved and the listening conditions influencing its engagement. This study used activation likelihood estimation in coordinate‐based meta‐analyses to investigate the neural overlap between speech production and three speech perception conditions: speech‐in‐noise, spectrally degraded speech and linguistically complex speech. Neural overlap was observed in the left frontal, insular and temporal regions. Key nodes included the left frontal operculum (FOC), left posterior lateral part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), left planum temporale (PT), and left pre‐supplementary motor area (pre‐SMA). The left IFG activation was consistently observed during linguistic processing, suggesting sensitivity to the linguistic content of speech. In comparison, the left pre‐SMA activation was observed when processing degraded and noisy signals, indicating sensitivity to signal quality. Activations of the left PT and FOC activation were noted in all conditions, with the posterior FOC area overlapping in all conditions. Our meta‐analysis reveals context‐independent (FOC, PT) and context‐dependent (pre‐SMA, posterior lateral IFG) regions within the speech motor system during challenging speech perception. These regions could contribute to sensorimotor integration and executive cognitive control for perception and production.
Evaluation of hydraulic thermal flow and heat performance augmentation in a 3D tube fitted with varying concavity dimple turbulator configurations
Authors: Al‐Haidari Saad Raad , Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Ramadhan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnhanced pipe surfaces offer greater heat transfer enhancement due to increased turbulence levels, leading to improved heat exchange performance. This study combines numerical simulations and experimental work to identify the best geometric design of enhanced tubes for thermal–hydraulic performance, flow structure, and pressure drop, and the simulations are validated with experimental data. Water is a working fluid with Reynolds numbers ranging from 4000 to 15,000, q = 25,500 W/m2, and an inlet temperature of 298 K with constant fluid property, steady state, and no‐slip condition. The three‐dimensional steady incompressible turbulent flow in the concavity dimpled shape‐enhanced tubes is numerically studied. This research found that pipes with a concave shape transfer heat most effectively. The overall heat transfer is significantly influenced by the shape of the dimples, their arrangement in rings, the size of these rings, and the number of rings. However, the number of cylindrical dimples does not seem to impact heat transfer much. The increase in heat transfer performance was by 9.8%–61% for dimple rings = 2ring performed best compared with a smooth pipe and by 8.21%–38.49% at the effect of ring numbers as grouping, also the dimple ring diameters by 5%–38% and by 7%–39% at dimple numbers. The performance evaluation factor (PEF) assesses overall performance by considering both the pressure drop penalty and improved heat transfer. The optimal configuration achieving the highest performance (PEF = 1.295) at a flow rate (Re) of 4000 involves a single dimple ring with a 2‐mm diameter, spaced 10‐mm apart, containing four dimples. Furthermore, discussing the different parameters of thermal and hydraulic performances to obtain the best thermal performance, and increasing the number and size of dimples gives a better guide for engineering to obtain better thermohydraulic performances for heat exchangers.
Vitamin D treatment distinctly modulates cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells among patients with chronic cardiac and indeterminate clinical forms of Chagas disease
Authors: Oliveira Kamila Kássia dos Santos , Torres Diego José Lira , Barros Michelle da Silva , Rafael Moreira Leyllane , Junior Claudeir Dias da Silva , Soares Ana Karine de Araújo , de Albuquerque Maria da Piedade Costa Reis , Cavalcante Maria da Glória Aureliano Melo , Junior Wilson Alves de Oliveira , Rabello Michelle Christiane da Silva , de Lorena Virginia Maria Barros 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionChagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and is clinically divided into acute and chronic phases. Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy is the most studied manifestation of the disease. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. No studies demonstrate the action of this hormone in the cells of patients with chronic Chagas heart disease.ObjectiveTo evaluate the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with the different chronic clinical forms of Chagas disease. Evaluating vitamin D's in vitro effect on blood cells by producing cytokines.MethodsThirteen patients of the undetermined form (IND), 13 of the mild cardiac form (CARD1) and 14 of the severe cardiac form (CARD2) of Chagas disease, and 12 with idiopathic heart disease (CARDid) were included. The cells obtained from peripheral blood were treated in vitro with vitamin D (1 × 10−7 M) for 24 h and cytokines were dosed in the culture supernatant.ResultsAlthough it was not possible to demonstrate statistically significant differences between the groups studied, our data showed that the cells treated with vitamin D modify (p < .05) the production of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) (decrease in IND), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (decreased in CARD1 and CARDid), interleukin (IL)‐6 (increased in all groups), and IL‐10 (decreased in CARD1, CARD2, and CARDid) when compared to untreated cells.ConclusionIn vitro treatment with vitamin D distinctly modulated the production of cytokines by mononuclear cells of peripheral blood among patients with chronic and indeterminate cardiac clinical forms of Chagas disease.