bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of culture-sensitive adaptation of patient information material on usefulness in migrants: a multicentre, blinded randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hölzel Lars P , Ries Zivile , Kriston Levente , Dirmaier Jörg , Zill Jördis M , Rummel-Kluge Christine , Niebling Wilhelm , Bermejo Isaac , Härter Martin 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the usefulness of culture-sensitive patient information material compared with standard translated material.DesignMulticentre, double-blind randomised controlled trial.Setting37 primary care practices.Participants435 adult primary care patients with a migration background with unipolar depressive disorder or non-specific chronic low back pain were randomised. Patients who were unable to read in the language of their respective migration background were excluded. Sufficient data were obtained from 203 women and 106 men. The largest group was of Russian origin (202 patients), followed by those of Turkish (52), Polish (30) and Italian (25) origin.InterventionsIntervention group: provision of culture-sensitive adapted material. Control group: provision of standard translated material.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: patient-rated usefulness (USE) assessed immediately after patients received the material. Secondary outcomes: patient-rated usefulness after 8 weeks and 6 months, symptoms of depression (PHQ-9), back pain (Back Pain Core Set) and quality of life (WHO-5) assessed at all time points.ResultsUsefulness was found to be significantly higher (t=1.708, one-sided p=0.04) in the intervention group (USE-score=65.08, SE=1.43), compared with the control group (61.43, SE=1.63), immediately after patients received the material, in the intention-to-treat analysis, with a mean difference of 3.65 (one-sided 95% lower confidence limit=0.13). No significant differences were found for usefulness at follow-up (p=0.16, p=0.71). No significant effect was found for symptom severity in depression (p=0.95, p=0.66, p=0.58), back pain (p=0.40, p=0.45, p=0.32) or quality of life (p=0.76, p=0.86, p=0.21), either immediately after receiving the material, or at follow-up (8 weeks; 6 months). Patients with a lower level of dominant society immersion benefited substantially and significantly more from the intervention than patients with a high level of immersion (p=0.005).ConclusionCultural adaptation of patient information material provides benefits over high quality translations. Clinicians are encouraged to use culture-sensitive material in their consultations, particularly with low-acculturated patients.Trial registration numberGerman Register for Clinical Trials: DRKS00004241, Universal Trial Number: U1111-1135-8043, Results.
Clinical factors associated with initiation of and persistence with ADP receptor-inhibiting oral antiplatelet treatment after acute coronary syndrome: a nationwide cohort study from Finland
Authors: Prami Tuire , Khanfir Houssem , Deleskog Anna , Hasvold Pål , Kytö Ville , Reissell Eeva , Airaksinen Juhani 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo study patient selection for and persistence with ADP receptor-inhibiting oral antiplatelet (OAP) treatment after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).DesignObservational, retrospective, cohort study linking real-life patient-level register data.SettingNationwide drug usage study using data of patients with ACS discharged from hospitals in Finland.ParticipantsThe study population consisted of 54 416 patients (aged ≥18 years) following hospital admission for unstable angina pectoris or myocardial infarction during 2009–2013. Patients were classified as either OAP or non-OAP users based on drug purchases within 7 days of discharge.Outcome measuresInitiation of and a 12-month persistence with OAP medication.ResultsIn total, 49% of patients with ACS received OAP treatment after hospital discharge. Women represented 40% of the population, but only 32% of them became OAP users (adjusted OR for initiation compared with men 0.8; p<0.001). Patients not treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), elderly and patients with dementia/Alzheimer's disease, atrial fibrillation or warfarin treatment were less likely to be treated with OAP. If initiated, they were less likely to complete the recommended 12 months’ medication (adjusted risk increment >38% and p<0.001 for all). The OAP users showed good compliance with immediate initiation (92% within 1 day of discharge) and high mean medication possession rate (99%). Among OAP users, the usage of other secondary prevention drugs after ACS was more common than in non-OAP-treated patients (difference >20 percentage points for each).ConclusionsOnly half of the patients with ACS received guideline-recommended ADP receptor-inhibiting OAP treatment after hospital discharge, suggesting suboptimal treatment practices. Non-PCI-treated patients and patients with increased age, unstable angina, dementia or atrial fibrillation appear to have the highest risk of deficient treatment with OAPs. OAP users, however, showed good compliance during drug usage.
Life-course socioeconomic status and breast and cervical cancer screening: analysis of the WHO's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)
Authors: Akinyemiju Tomi , Ogunsina Kemi , Sakhuja Swati , Ogbhodo Valentine , Braithwaite Dejana 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesSocioeconomic differences in screening have been well documented in upper-income countries; however, few studies have examined socioeconomic status (SES) over the life-course in relation to cancer screening in lower-income and middle-income countries. Here, we examine individual, parental and life-course SES differences in breast and cervical cancer screening among women in India, China, Mexico, Russia and South Africa.SettingData from the WHO's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) 2007–2008 data were used for survey-weighted multivariable regression analysis. We examined the association between individual, parental and life-course SES in relation to breast and cervical cancer screening using education-based and employment-based measures of SES.Participants22 283 women aged 18–65 years, recruited from China, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa.ResultsHaving a college degree (OR 4.18; 95% CI 2.36 to 7.40) increased the odds of breast cancer screening compared with no formal education. Women with higher parental SES were almost 10 times more likely to receive breast cancer screening (OR 9.84; 95% CI 1.75 to 55.5) compared with women with low parental SES. Stable higher life-course (OR 3.07; 95% CI 1.96 to 4.79) increased breast cancer screening by threefold and increased cervical cancer screening by more than fourfold (OR 4.35; 95% CI 2.94 to 6.45); however, declining life-course SES was associated with reduced breast cancer screening (OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.79) compared to low life-course SES.ConclusionsHigher individual, parental and life-course SES was positively associated with breast and cervical cancer screening, although education-based SES measures were stronger predictors of screening compared with employment-based measures. Improving knowledge of the benefits of cancer screening and integrating cancer screening into routine healthcare practice for low SES women are actionable strategies that may significantly improve screening rates in low-income and middle-income countries.
Co-occurrence and clustering of health conditions at age 11: cross-sectional findings from the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Hesketh Kathryn R , Fagg James , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Bedford Helen , Law Catherine , Hope Steven 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo identify patterns of co-occurrence and clustering of 6 common adverse health conditions in 11-year-old children and explore differences by sociodemographic factors.DesignNationally representative prospective cohort study.SettingChildren born in the UK between 2000 and 2002.Participants11 399 11-year-old singleton children for whom data on all 6 health conditions and sociodemographic information were available (complete cases).Main outcome measuresPrevalence, co-occurrence and clustering of 6 common health conditions: wheeze; eczema; long-standing illness (excluding wheeze and eczema); injury; socioemotional difficulties (measured using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and unfavourable weight (thin/overweight/obese vs normal).Results42.4% of children had 2 or more adverse health conditions (co-occurrence). Co-occurrence was more common in boys and children from lower income households. Latent class analysis identified 6 classes: ‘normative’ (57.4%): ‘atopic burdened’ (14.0%); ‘socioemotional burdened’ (11.0%); ‘unfavourable weight/injury’ (7.7%); ‘eczema/injury’ (6.0%) and ‘eczema/unfavourable weight’ (3.9%). As with co-occurrence, class membership differed by sociodemographic factors: boys, children of mothers with lower educational attainment and children from lower income households were more likely to be in the ‘socioemotional burdened’ class. Children of mothers with higher educational attainment were more likely to be in the ‘normative’ and ‘eczema/unfavourable weight’ classes.ConclusionsCo-occurrence of adverse health conditions at age 11 is common and is associated with adverse socioeconomic circumstances. Holistic, child focused care, particularly in boys and those in lower income groups, may help to prevent and reduce co-occurrence in later childhood and adolescence.
Menstrual cups and sanitary pads to reduce school attrition, and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections: a cluster randomised controlled feasibility study in rural Western Kenya
Authors: Phillips-Howard Penelope A , Nyothach Elizabeth , ter Kuile Feiko O , Omoto Jackton , Wang Duolao , Zeh Clement , Onyango Clayton , Mason Linda , Alexander Kelly T , Odhiambo Frank O , Eleveld Alie , Mohammed Aisha , van Eijk Anna M , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Vulule John , Faragher Brian , Laserson Kayla F 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesConduct a feasibility study on the effect of menstrual hygiene on schoolgirls' school and health (reproductive/sexual) outcomes.Design3-arm single-site open cluster randomised controlled pilot study.Setting30 primary schools in rural western Kenya, within a Health and Demographic Surveillance System.ParticipantsPrimary schoolgirls 14–16 years, experienced 3 menses, no precluding disability, and resident in the study area.Interventions1 insertable menstrual cup, or monthly sanitary pads, against ‘usual practice’ control. All participants received puberty education preintervention, and hand wash soap during intervention. Schools received hand wash soap.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary: school attrition (drop-out, absence); secondary: sexually transmitted infection (STI) (Trichomonas vaginalis,Chlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoea), reproductive tract infection (RTI) (bacterial vaginosis,Candida albicans); safety: toxic shock syndrome, vaginalStaphylococcus aureus.ResultsOf 751 girls enrolled 644 were followed-up for a median of 10.9 months. Cups or pads did not reduce school dropout risk (control=8.0%, cups=11.2%, pads=10.2%). Self-reported absence was rarely reported and not assessable. Prevalence of STIs in the end-of-study survey among controls was 7.7% versus 4.2% in the cups arm (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 0.48, 0.24 to 0.96, p=0.039), 4.5% with pads (aPR=0.62; 0.37 to 1.03, p=0.063), and 4.3% with cups and pads pooled (aPR=0.54, 0.34 to 0.87, p=0.012). RTI prevalence was 21.5%, 28.5% and 26.9% among cup, pad and control arms, 71% of which were bacterial vaginosis, with a prevalence of 14.6%, 19.8% and 20.5%, per arm, respectively. Bacterial vaginosis was less prevalent in the cups (12.9%) compared with pads (20.3%, aPR=0.65, 0.44 to 0.97, p=0.034) and control (19.2%, aPR=0.67, 0.43 to 1.04, p=0.075) arm girls enrolled for 9 months or longer. No adverse events were identified.ConclusionsProvision of menstrual cups and sanitary pads for ∼1 school-year was associated with a lower STI risk, and cups with a lower bacterial vaginosis risk, but there was no association with school dropout. A large-scale trial on menstrual cups is warranted.Trial registrationISRCTN17486946; Results
Burnout prevalence in New Zealand's public hospital senior medical workforce: a cross-sectional mixed methods study
Authors: Chambers Charlotte N L , Frampton Christopher M A , Barclay Murray , McKee Martin 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence of, and associated factors contributing to burnout among senior doctors and dentists working in the New Zealand's public health system.DesignCross-sectional, mixed methods study.SettingNew Zealand's 20 district health boards (DHBs).ParticipantsA total of 1487 of 3740 senior doctors and dentists who are members of the Association of Salaried Medical Specialists working in DHBs were recruited (response rate 40%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresGender, age, self-rated health status, vocation and hours of work per week were obtained from an electronic questionnaire. Burnout was measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Qualitative data taken from an open-ended comments section was coded using grounded theory and used for contextual data.ResultsThe overall prevalence of high personal burnout was 50%. Women aged <40 years had 71% prevalence of high personal burnout. Prevalence of high work-related burnout and patient-related burnout was 42% and 16%, respectively. Those working in emergency medicine and psychiatry had significantly higher mean work-related burnout than other specialties (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, having fair or poor health status (OR 10.8, 95% CI 6.8 to 17.1), working more than 14 consecutive hours (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.82) and being a woman (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.68 to 2.73) were independently associated with high personal and work-related burnout. Personal burnout rates decreased with age (age 30–39 OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.78 to 4.59, age 40–49 OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.70 to 3.55, age 50–59 OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.46, compared with age>60). Qualitative data emphasised intense and unrelenting workloads, under-staffing, onerous on-call duties and frustrations with management as factors contributing to burnout.ConclusionsHigh burnout appears prevalent in New Zealand's senior doctors and dentists. Many attribute their feelings of burnout to work conditions. These findings may assist with understanding contributors to burnout and with developing strategies to ameliorate the high burnout found across this cohort.
A pilot study to evaluate the utility of live training (LIVEX) in the operational preparedness of UK military trauma teams
Authors: Smith J E , Withnall R D J , Rickard R F , Lamb D , Sitch A , Hodgetts T J 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
With the end of UK military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, it is essential that peacetime training of Defence Medical Services (DMS) trauma teams ensures appropriate future preparedness. A new model of pre-deployment training involves placement of formed military trauma teams into civilian trauma centres. This study evaluates the benefit of ‘live training during an exercise period’ (LIVEX) for DMS trauma teams.

Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of participants was conducted. Quantitative data were collected prior to the start and on the final day. Written reports were collected from the coordinators. Thematic analysis was used to identify emergent themes in a supplementary, qualitative analysis.

Results
Each team comprised 13 personnel and results should be interpreted with knowledge of this small sample size. The response rate for both the pre-LIVEX and post-LIVEX questionnaire was 100%. By the end of the week, 89% of participants (n=23) stated LIVEX was an ‘appropriate or very appropriate’ way of preparing for an operational role compared with 40% (n=9) before the exercise (p&lt;0.01). However, completing LIVEX made no difference to participants' personal perception of their own operational preparedness. Thematic analysis suggested greater training benefit for more junior members of the team; from Regulars and Reservists training together; and from two-way exchange of information between DMS and National Health Service medical staffs.

Conclusions
Completing LIVEX made no statistically significant difference to participants' personal perception of their own operational preparedness, but the perception of LIVEX as an appropriate training platform improved significantly after conducting the training exercise.
New optimal asymmetric quantum codes constructed from constacyclic codes
Authors: Xu Gen , Li Ruihu , Guo Luobin , Lü Liangdong 
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we propose the construction of asymmetric quantum codes from two families of constacyclic codes over finite field [Formula: see text] of code length [Formula: see text], where for the first family, [Formula: see text] is an odd prime power with the form [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is integer) or [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is integer) and [Formula: see text]; for the second family, [Formula: see text] is an odd prime power with the form [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is integer) and [Formula: see text]. As a result, families of new asymmetric quantum codes [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] distance larger than [Formula: see text] are obtained, which are not covered by the asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes (AQECCs) in Refs. 32 and 33 [J.-Z. Chen, J.-P. Li and J. Lin, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53, 72 (2014); L. Wang and S. Zhu, Int. J. Quantum Inf. 12, 1450017 (2014)] that [Formula: see text]. Also, all the newly obtained asymmetric quantum codes are optimal according to the singleton bound for asymmetric quantum codes.
Pressure variation of melting temperatures of alkali halides
Authors: Arafin Sayyadul , Singh Ram N. 
Published: November 2016

The melting temperatures of alkali halides (LiCl, LiF, NaBr, NaCl, NaF, NaI, KBr, KCl, KF, KI, RbBr, RbCl, RbI and CsI) have been evaluated over a wide range of pressures. The solid–liquid transition of alkali halides is of considerable significance due to their huge industrial applications. Our formalism requires a priori knowledge of the bulk modulus and the Grüneisen parameter at ambient conditions to compute [Formula: see text] at high pressures. The computed values are in very good agreement with the available experimental results. The formalism can satisfactorily be used to compute [Formula: see text] at high pressures where the experimental data are scanty. Most of the melting curves ([Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text]) exhibit nonlinear variation with increasing pressure having curvatures downward and exhibit a maximum in some cases like NaCl, RbBr, RbCl and RbI. The values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] corresponding to the maxima of the curves are given.
Using noise to shape motor learning
Authors: Thorp Elias B. , Kording Konrad P. , Mussa-Ivaldi Ferdinando A. 
Published: November 2016

Each of our movements is selected from any number of alternative movements. Some studies have shown evidence that the central nervous system (CNS) chooses to make the specific movements that are least affected by motor noise. Previous results showing that the CNS has a natural tendency to minimize the effects of noise make the direct prediction that if the relationship between movements and noise were to change, the specific movements people learn to make would also change in a predictable manner. Indeed, this has been shown for well-practiced movements such as reaching. Here, we artificially manipulated the relationship between movements and visuomotor noise by adding noise to a motor task in a novel redundant geometry such that there arose a single control policy that minimized the noise. This allowed us to see whether, for a novel motor task, people could learn the specific control policy that minimized noise or would need to employ other compensation strategies to overcome the added noise. As predicted, subjects were able to learn movements that were biased toward the specific ones that minimized the noise, suggesting not only that the CNS can learn to minimize the effects of noise in a novel motor task but also that artificial visuomotor noise can be a useful tool for teaching people to make specific movements. Using noise as a teaching signal promises to be useful for rehabilitative therapies and movement training with human-machine interfaces.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Many theories argue that we choose to make the specific movements that minimize motor noise. Here, by changing the relationship between movements and noise, we show that people actively learn to make movements that minimize noise. This not only provides direct evidence for the theories of noise minimization but presents a way to use noise to teach specific movements to improve rehabilitative therapies and human-machine interface control.
Nivolumab in the Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Ansell Stephen M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Despite an extensive immune infiltrate that is recruited to the tumor by malignant Reed–Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphoma, the antitumor immune response is ineffective and unable to eradicate the malignant cells. The ineffective immune response is in part due to PD-1 signaling that renders intratumoral immune cells anergic. Reed–Sternberg cells have been shown to upregulate expression of the PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, due to either genetic alterations at chromosome 9p24.1 or Epstein–Barr virus infection, and these ligands suppress the function of PD-1+ intratumoral T cells. Blockade of PD-1 signaling has proven to be a highly successful therapeutic approach, and the use of the anti-PD-1 mAb nivolumab recently received accelerated approval by the FDA for patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma that has relapsed or progressed after autologous stem cell transplant and posttransplantation brentuximab vedotin. Initial clinical trials using nivolumab in this patient population resulted in high response rates that were durable. Adverse events associated with nivolumab included immune-mediated adverse reactions and infusion reactions, but these were well tolerated, allowing for continued nivolumab administration. Clinical trials are now in progress to test the use of nivolumab in combination with standard chemotherapy or with novel agents with a goal of improving the outcome of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1623–6. ©2016 AACR.