bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical considerations and comments on the type series of Cyrtodactylus marmoratus Gray, 1831, with an updated comparative table for the bent-toed geckos of the Sunda Islands and Sulawesi
Authors: MECKE SVEN , KIECKBUSCH MAX , HARTMANN LUKAS , KAISER HINRICH 
Published: October 2016

Cyrtodactylus marmoratus Gray, 1831, a species of bent-toed gecko exhibiting a precloacal groove in males, was described on the basis of specimens collected by Heinrich Kuhl and Johan Conrad van Hasselt in Java, Greater Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Kluge (1985) subsequently designated a lectotype for C. marmoratus from a series of these specimens (i.e., syntypes), now housed in the herpetological collection at Naturalis (formerly the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie; RMNH), Leiden, the Netherlands. Our work at Naturalis shows that the type series of C. marmoratus at RMNH actually comprises two sets of specimens, and that examination of specimens from one set or the other by different authors, including Kluge (1985), is responsible for some confusion surrounding the type series of this species. As a consequence, we present relevant morphological data for all 14 specimens constituting the type series of C. marmoratus at RMNH for the first time. The type status of two specimens of C. marmoratus in the collection at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, remains unresolved at present. Owing to the inconsistent naming and application of terms for some key characters (e.g., groove, sulcus, pit, hollow, depression) used in the diagnoses of Cyrtodactylus species, we here propose a set of novel and useful definitions that are supported by photographs. We also illustrate the sexually dimorphic expression of this character in C. marmoratus. Finally, we present a revised comparative table for the bent-toad geckos of the Sunda Islands and Sulawesi.
Characteristic Raindrop Size Retrievals from Measurements of Differences in Vertical Doppler Velocities at Ka- and W-Band Radar Frequencies
Authors: Matrosov Sergey Y. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA Ka-band (~35 GHz) and W-band (~94 GHz) radar approach to retrieve profiles of characteristic raindrop sizes, such as mean mass-weighted drop diameters Dm, from measurements of the difference in the mean vertical Doppler velocities (DDV) is analyzed. This retrieval approach is insensitive to radar calibration errors, vertical air motions, and attenuation effects. The Dm–DDV relations are derived using long-term measurements of drop size distributions (DSDs) from different observational sites and do not assume a functional DSD shape. Unambiguous retrievals using this approach are shown to be available in the Dm range of approximately 0.5–2 mm, with average uncertainties of around 21%. Potential retrieval ambiguities occurring when larger drop populations exist can be avoided by using a Ka-band vertical Doppler velocity threshold. The performance of the retrievals is illustrated using a long predominantly stratiform rain event observed at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site. An intercomparison of DDV-based estimates of characteristic raindrop sizes with independent estimates available from ground-based disdrometer measurements reveal good agreement, with a correlation coefficient of 0.88, and mean differences between radar and disdrometer-based Dm of approximately 14% for the entire range of unambiguous retrievals. The Ka–W-band DDV method to retrieve mean mass-weighted drop sizes is applicable to measurements from new dual-wavelength ARM cloud radars that are being deployed at a variety of observational facilities. An illustration for the retrievals at the Oliktok Point ARM facility is also given.
e-GRASP: an integrated evolutionary and GRASP resource for exploring disease associations
Authors: Karim Sajjad , NourEldin Hend Fakhri , Abusamra Heba , Salem Nada , Alhathli Elham , Dudley Joel , Sanderford Max , Scheinfeldt Laura B. , Kumar Sudhir 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a mainstay of biological research concerned with discovering genetic variation linked to phenotypic traits and diseases. Both discrete and continuous traits can be analyzed in GWAS to discover associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and traits of interest. Associations are typically determined by estimating the significance of the statistical relationship between genetic loci and the given trait. However, the prioritization of bona fide, reproducible genetic associations from GWAS results remains a central challenge in identifying genomic loci underlying common complex diseases. Evolutionary-aware meta-analysis of the growing GWAS literature is one way to address this challenge and to advance from association to causation in the discovery of genotype-phenotype relationships.

Description
We have created an evolutionary GWAS resource to enable in-depth query and exploration of published GWAS results. This resource uses the publically available GWAS results annotated in the GRASP2 database. The GRASP2 database includes results from 2082 studies, 177 broad phenotype categories, and ~8.87 million SNP-phenotype associations. For each SNP in e-GRASP, we present information from the GRASP2 database for convenience as well as evolutionary information (e.g., rate and timespan). Users can, therefore, identify not only SNPs with highly significant phenotype-association P-values, but also SNPs that are highly replicated and/or occur at evolutionarily conserved sites that are likely to be functionally important. Additionally, we provide an evolutionary-adjusted SNP association ranking (E-rank) that uses cross-species evolutionary conservation scores and population allele frequencies to transform P-values in an effort to enhance the discovery of SNPs with a greater probability of biologically meaningful disease associations.

Conclusion
By adding an evolutionary dimension to the GWAS results available in the GRASP2 database, our e-GRASP resource will enable a more effective exploration of SNPs not only by the statistical significance of trait associations, but also by the number of studies in which associations have been replicated, and the evolutionary context of the associated mutations. Therefore, e-GRASP will be a valuable resource for aiding researchers in the identification of bona fide, reproducible genetic associations from GWAS results. This resource is freely available at http://www.mypeg.info/egrasp.
Hierarchical Porous Carbon from Greening Plant Shell for Electric Double-Layer Capacitor Application
Authors: Shu Yu , Dobashi Ayumi , Li Cong , Shen Yehua , Uyama Hiroshi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Amygdalus pedunculata is expected to be a good candidate plant for desert reclamation (“greening”) since it has notable tolerance to cold and drought and can grow in a wide range of area with different soil types and moisture contents. In this study, hierarchical porous activated carbon (AC) with high surface area and large mesoporous volume was developed from Amygdalus pedunculata shell (APS) for an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) application. The AC activated at 900 °C by K2CO3 possessed a highly developed hierarchical porosity network of a coexistence of micropores and mesopores. The AC with the specific surface area of 2030 m2 g−1 and mesopore percentage of 82% showed superior capacitive performance in 20 wt % H2SO4 electrolyte using a bipolar cell by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GC) measurements. A maximum capacity of 210 F g−1 was achieved at current density of 0.05 A g−1 from the AC prepared from APS and K2CO3 with the mixed weight ratio of 2:3 under the activation conditions of 900 °C and 60 min. The present APS-derived AC is a promising electrode material from green raw materials for EDLCs.
Προσφυγικές/μεταναστευτικές ροές και διαμεσολαβητική χρήση της γλώσσας.
Authors: Batsalia Frideriki , Sella Eleni 
Published: October 2016

<p>Οι αυξημένες μεταναστευτικές/προσφυγικές ροές προς τη χώρα μας προκάλεσαν, μεταξύ άλλων, και αυξημένες ανάγκες διευκόλυνσης της επικοινωνίας μεταξύ των ατόμων αυτών και των εκπροσώπων κρατικών, κοινωνικών ή/και μη-κυβερνητικών δομών και φορέων. Η έλλειψη επαρκούς αριθμού επαγγελματιών μεταφραστών και διερμηνέων για την παροχή αυτών των υπηρεσιών, οδήγησε στην αξιοποίηση ατόμων που διαθέτουν γνώση γλώσσας ή γλωσσών που ομιλούν οι μετανάστες/πρόσφυγες. Με αφετηρία τη θεωρητική αναφορά στα διάφορα είδη χρήσης της γλώσσας και τις ποικίλες χρήσεις του όρου ‘γλωσσική διαμεσολάβηση’, διερευνώνται από γλωσσολογική και μεταφρασεολογική σκοπιά οι όροι «γλωσσική διαμεσολάβηση» και «γλωσσικοί διαμεσολαβητές» και αποτυπώνονται οι διαφορές μεταξύ της ανεπίσημης, καθημερινής διαγλωσσικής συναλλαγής (στην οποία, μεταξύ άλλων, αποβλέπει η διδασκαλία ξένης γλώσσας εντός σχολικού περιβάλλοντος), της μετάφρασης και διερμηνείας (η οποία<br />απαιτεί εξειδικευμένες γνώσεις και δεξιότητες, πέραν της άριστης γλωσσομάθειας) και της διαγλωσσικής δράσης, η οποία επιτελείται κατά την επικοινωνία μεταξύ μεταναστών/προσφύγων και κρατικών ή/και κυβερνητικών δομών και φορέων.</p>
Επικοινωνιακές και θεσμικές παράμετροι μιας χρήσιμης αλλά παραγνωρισμένης υπηρεσίας: μια πρώτη προσέγγιση της κοινοτικής μετάφρασης.
Authors: Vyzas Theodoros 
Published: October 2016

<p>Το άρθρο αυτό αποτελεί μια σύντομη βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση που επιδιώκει να δώσει το γενικότερο στίγμα της κοινοτικής μετάφρασης σε διεθνές επίπεδο. Για τον σκοπό αυτό, θα γίνει προσπάθεια εννοιολογικής οριοθέτησης με έμφαση στα προς μετάφραση κείμενα, τις μεταφράσεις και τους αποδέκτες τους. Στη συνέχεια θα εξεταστεί η σχέση κοινοτικής μετάφρασης και κοινοτικής διερμηνείας, καθώς η δεύτερη έχει ουσιαστικό προβάδισμα έναντι της πρώτης, ενώ θα γίνει αναφορά και στις σχέσεις εξουσίας που διαμορφώνονται μέσα από τη μετάφραση. Κατόπιν θα διερευνηθεί ο βαθμός θεσμοθέτησης, μέσα<br />από την τυχόν ύπαρξη νομικού πλαισίου και την ενδεχόμενη εφαρμογή του και στο τέλος η προσοχή μας θα στραφεί στις δυνατότητες κατάρτισης των κοινοτικών μεταφραστών. Θα αποδειχθεί ότι η κοινοτική μετάφραση αποτελεί ταυτόχρονα εξειδικευμένη μετάφραση και κοινωνική υπηρεσία που δεν έχει ως τώρα τύχει ανάλογου ενδιαφέροντος.</p>
Creating, generating and comparing random network models with Network Randomizer
Authors: Tosadori Gabriele , Bestvina Ivan , Spoto Fausto , Laudanna Carlo , Scardoni Giovanni 
Published: October 2016

Biological networks are becoming a fundamental tool for the investigation of high-throughput data in several fields of biology and biotechnology. With the increasing amount of information, network-based models are gaining more and more interest and new techniques are required in order to mine the information and to validate the results. We have developed an app for the Cytoscape platform which allows the creation of randomized networks and the randomization of existing, real networks. Since there is a lack of tools for generating and randomizing networks, our app helps researchers to exploit different, well known random network models which could be used as a benchmark for validating real datasets. We also propose a novel methodology for creating random weighted networks starting from experimental data. Finally the app provides a statistical tool which compares real versus random attributes, in order to validate all the numerical findings. In summary, our app aims at creating a standardised methodology for the validation of the results in the context of the Cytoscape platform.
Internet marketing complex to promote tourism business
Authors: Остапчук  , Ostapchuk Aleksey 
Published: October 2016

The article considers Internet marketing complex for promotion of travel business.
The article gives a review of instruments of marketing communication in Internet
network for touristic enterprises. The author describes the most common ways
for users to interact with the network. The main devices through which users log
on to the Internet are considered. The data on the percentage of use mobile
devices and personal computers in Russia and European countries are given.
The article summarizes the complex of instruments marketing communication
on the Internet for tourist enterprises. The author considers types websites
to promote businesses in travel industry, describes the structure of communication
between organization and customer through various types of websites. The article
presents a complex marketing communications through search engines, briefly
describes search advertising and search optimization, presents the most popular
search system of the Russian Internet segment.
A Sublogarithmic Approximation for Tollbooth Pricing on Trees
Authors: Gamzu Iftah , Segev Danny 
Published: October 2016

An instance of the tollbooth problem consists of an undirected network and a collection of single-minded customers, each of which is interested in purchasing a fixed path subject to an individual budget constraint. The objective is to assign a per-unit price to each edge in a way that maximizes the collective revenue obtained from all customers. The revenue generated by any customer is equal to the overall price of the edges in her desired path, when this cost falls within her budget; otherwise, that customer will not purchase any edge.Our main result is a deterministic algorithm for the tollbooth problem on trees whose approximation ratio is O(log m/log log m), where m denotes the number of edges in the underlying graph. This finding improves on the currently best performance guarantees for trees, and up until recently, also on the best ratio for paths (commonly known as the highway problem). An additional interesting consequence is a computational separation between tollbooth pricing on trees and the original prototype problem of single-minded unlimited supply pricing, under a plausible hardness hypothesis.
Family involvement at elementary school: A validity and reliabilitiy study<p>İlkokul ve ortaokullarda aile katılımı: Bir geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması
Authors: Ahioğlu Lindberg E. Nihal , Oğuz Kevser 
Published: October 2016

The aim of the study was to adapt the subscales for parents and students of the Scale for School and Family Involvement in Elementary Schools developed by Sheldon and Epstein and the subscale for teacher developed by Epstein and Salinas. The scales were administered to 353 teachers, 319 parents and 382 students. The reliability of the scales has been determined by calculating the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient. On the other hand, the structural validity of the scales has been determined by confirmatory factor analysis. Although the scores of GFI is low, the scores of χ2/sd, RMSEA, SRMR and CFI showing a good fit give information about the goodness of the scale validity. In conclusion, the reliability and validity scores show that the scales are suitable to use by Turkish subjects. ÖzetBu çalışmada, İlk ve Ortaokullarda Okul ve Aile Katılımı ölçeğinin, Epstein ve Salinas tarafından geliştirilen anne-baba ve öğrenci ölçekleri ile Sheldon ve Epstein tarafından geliştirilen öğretmen ölçeklerinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Ölçekler, 353 öğretmen, 319 anne-baba ve 382 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Ölçeklerin güvenirlilikleri, Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı yoluyla belirlenmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yoluyla da yapı geçerliliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Analizler sonunda uyum istatistiklerinden GFI değerlerinin kabul sınırlarının altında olmasına karşın, χ2/sd, RMSEA, SRMR ve CFI değerleri kabul sınırlarında ya da Kabul sınırlarının üstündedir. Sonuç olarak, ölçeğin, çalışma sonunda elde edilen güvenirlilik ve geçerlilik değerlerine göre, ülkemizde kullanımının uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Jsou děti venku v přírodě ohroženým druhem? (recenze knihy Petra Daniše)
Authors: Dlouhá Jana 
Published: October 2016

Book review: Petr Daniš (2016). Children Outside in Nature: Endangered Species?, Tereza: Prague. ISBN 978-80-87905-10-4. Available online http://jdeteven.cz/_files/userfiles/Publikace/Deti_venku_v_prirode_2016_web.pdf
Development and validation of HPLC and CE methods for simultaneous determination of amlodipine and atorvastatin in the presence of their acidic degradation products in tablets
Authors: Hassan Said A. , Elzanfaly Eman S. , El-Zeany Salem Badr A. , Salem Maissa Y. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTwo methods were developed for separation and quantitation of amlodipine (AML) and atorvastatin (ATV) in the presence of their acidic degradation products. The first method was a simple isocratic RP-HPLC method while the second was capillary electrophoresis (CE). Degradation products were obtained by acidic hydrolysis of the two drugs and their structures were elucidated for the first time by IR and MS spectra. Degradation products did not interfere with the determination of either drug and the assays were therefore stability-indicating. The linearity of the proposed methods was established over the ranges 1-50 μg mL-1for AML and ATV in the HPLC method and in the range of 3-50 and 4-50 μg mL-1for AML and ATV, respectively, in the CE method. The proposed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The methods were successfully applied to estimation of AML and ATV in combined tablets.
Charge transfer interaction of organic p-acceptors with the anti-hyperuricemic drug allopurinol: Insights from IR, Raman, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies
Authors: Refat Moamen S. , Saad Hosam A. , Adam Abdel Majid A. , Al-Omar Mohamed A. , Naglah Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The topic of charge-transfer (CT) complexation of vital drugs has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their significant physical and chemical properties. In this study, CT complexes derived from the reaction of the anti-hyperuricemic drug allopurinol (Allop) with organic p-acceptors [(picric acid (PA), dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) and chloranil (CHL)] were prepared, isolated and characterized by a range of physicochemical methods, such as IR, Raman, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the complexes was verified by elemental analysis. The results show that all complexes that were formed were based on a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. This study suggests that the complexation of Allop with either the DDQ or CHL acceptor leads to a direct p®p* transition, whereas the molecules of Allop and PA are linked by intermolecular hydrogen- bonding interactions.
Preparation and in vivo evaluation of a gel-based nasal delivery system for risperidone
Authors: Gu Fugen , Ma Weina , Meng Gendalai , Wu Chunzhi , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare a nasal gel of risperidone and to investigate the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of the drug in rats. Compared with oral dosing, the risperidone nasal gel exhibited very fast absorption and high bioavailability. Maximal plasma concentration (cmax) and the time to reach cmax (tmax) were 15.2 μg mL-1 and 5 min for the nasal gel, 3.6 μg mL-1 and 30 min for the oral drug suspension, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as tmax′, cmax and AUC of oral and nasal routes were significantly different (p < 0.01). Relative bioavailability of the drug nasal preparation to the oral suspension was up to 1600.0 %. Further, the in vitro effect of the risperidone nasal gel on nasal mucociliary movement was also investigated using a toad palate model. The risperidone nasal formulation showed mild ciliotoxicity, but the adverse effect was temporary and reversible.
Vitamin C pretreatment protects from nickel-induced acute nephrotoxicity in mice
Authors: Kadi Imed-Eddine , Dahdouh Faouzi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Nickel is an abundant carcinogenic and nephrotoxic metal whose activity leads to renal impairment. Previous studies have shown a protective effect of simultaneous vitamin C administration on acute and chronic nickel toxicity. However, very little research relating to the effect of vitamin C pretreatment in preventing nickel-induced acute nephrotoxicity is available. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the efficiency of vitamin C (VC) pretreatment in preventing acute renal toxicity of nickel. Mice were pretreated orally with vitamin C (16.6 mg kg-1 body weight, b.w.) for seven consecutive days, prior to intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of nickel chloride at different doses (3, 5, and 10 mg Ni kg-1 b.w.) for an exposure period of 24 hours. Thereafter, animals were killed and kidney tissue and blood samples were taken for histological examination and biochemical marker analyses. Vitamin C pretreatment alone did not alter the levels of serum kidney markers (creatinine, urea, and uric acid). However, treatment with Ni alone showed a significant increase in the levels of serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid with marked necrotic epithelial cells and infiltration by inflammatory cells in kidney sections as compared to the control group. Pretreatment with vitamin C and treatment with Ni at all doses tested for 24 hours showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid, as well as an improvement in histological changes compared to those previously seen in the group treated with Ni alone. It is concluded that vitamin C pretreatment effectively improved renal function and tissue damage caused by nickel.
Variations in lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury concentrations during honeybee wax processing using casting technology
Authors: Tlak Gajger Ivana , Kosanović Marina , Bilandžić Nina , Sedak Marija , Čalopek Bruno 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Beeswax foundations are a necessary material in intensive modern beekeeping. Heavy metals can accumulate in these foundations for decades, as it is a common beekeeping practice to recycle wax. Beeswax samples were analysed using GFAAS for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations during the production of beeswax foundations using casting technology with a prolonged cooling and sedimentation phase. Significant differences were determined in the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb (p<0.01, all), and Hg (p<0.05) between the three levels of wax in a double-walled steel casting container and comb foundations (CF) during the processing stage. Concentrations (mg kg-1) of the examined metals in comb foundations as the final product ranged as follows: As 0.01-0.88; Cd 1.26-3.55; Pb 82.5-171, and Hg 0.29-1.46. All examined element concentrations demonstrated similar distribution and ratio in different layers, ranging from the lowest concentrations in layers from which wax material is used for comb foundations as the final product, to the highest concentrations in sedimented layer, which represents waste. The obtained results suggest that the described method could effectively eliminate a significant amount of heavy metals from the initial material used for the production of new beeswax foundations.
A review of aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it
Authors: Hashemi-Domeneh Behrooz , Zamani Nasim , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Rahimi Mitra , Shadnia Shahin , Erfantalab Peyman , Ostadi Ali 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe use of pesticides such as aluminium phosphide (AlP) has increased in the recent years and improved the quantity and quality of agricultural products in a number of developing countries. The downside is that AlP causes severe chronic and acute health effects that have reached major proportions in countries such as India, Iran, Bangladesh, and Jordan. Nearly 300,000 people die due to pesticide poisoning in the world every year. Poisoning with AlP accounts for many of these deaths. Unfortunately, at the same time, there is no standard treatment for it. The aim of this article is to give a brief review of AlP poisoning and propose a treatment flowchart based on the knowledge gained so far. For this purpose we reviewed all articles on the management of AlP poisoning published from 2000 till now. Using a modified Delphi design, we have designed a handy flowchart that could be used as a guide for AlP poisoning management of patients in emergency centres.