bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposition of Inorganic Oxide/Nanocarbon Composites: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Janáky Csaba , Kecsenovity Egon , Rajeshwar Krishnan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes and graphene (either alone, or as building blocks of organized 3D superstructures), are attracting significant attention as large‐surface‐area electrode support materials. Their composites with inorganic oxides represent an interesting class of new functional materials. This Minireview critically focuses on the use of electrosynthetic (and photoelectrosynthetic) methods for preparing oxide nanoparticles on nanocarbon‐modified electrode surfaces. We focus on how electrodeposition can be used to tune composition, crystal structure, and morphology of the nanocomposites for targeted applications. Finally, selected examples will be given for how these electrosynthesized hybrid assemblies can be deployed in various application avenues.
Installation of a Rigid EDTA‐Like Motif into a Protein α‐Helix for Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy with Cobalt(II) Ions
Authors: Swarbrick James D. , Ung Phuc , Dennis Matthew L. , Lee Michael D. , Chhabra Sandeep , Graham Bim 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCoupling two copies of an iminodiacetic acid–cysteine hybrid ligand to a pair of cysteine residues positioned in an i, i+4 arrangement within a protein α‐helix leads to generation of an EDTA‐like metal ion‐binding motif. Rigid binding of a CoII ion by this motif produces pseudo‐contact shifts suitable for paramagnetic NMR structural studies.
Solid‐Phase Enrichment and Analysis of Azide‐Labeled Natural Products: Fishing Downstream of Biochemical Pathways
Authors: Pérez Alexander J. , Wesche Frank , Adihou Hélène , Bode Helge B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany methods have been devised over the decades to trace precursors of specific molecules in cellular environments as, for example, in biosynthesis studies. The advent of click chemistry has facilitated the powerful combination of tracing and at the same time sieving the highly complex metabolome for compounds derived from simple or complex starting materials, especially when the click reaction takes place on a solid support. While the principle of solid‐phase click reactions has already been successfully applied for selective protein and peptide enrichment, the successful enrichment of much smaller primary and secondary metabolites, showing great structural diversity and undergoing many different biosynthetic steps, has seen only little development. For bacterial secondary metabolism, a far broader tolerance for “clickable” precursors was observed than in ribosomal proteinogenesis, thus making this method a surprisingly valuable tool for the tracking and discovery of compounds within the cellular biochemical network. The implementation of this method has led to the identification of several new compounds from the bacterial genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, clearly proving its power.
Comparison of the Single Bubble Ascent in a Newtonian and a Non‐Newtonian Liquid: A Phenomenological PIV Study
Authors: Böhm Lutz , Brehmer Manuel , Kraume Matthias 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis fundamental study of single bubbles rising in confined geometries was motivated by the aeration in membrane bioreactors. The parameters channel depth, bubble size, superimposed liquid velocity and rheology of the liquid (Newtonian, non‐Newtonian) were varied. The flow field close to the bubble with a negative wake in the non‐Newtonian liquid is discussed and a data presentation is introduced allowing a statistical analysis. Cumulative distribution functions for the velocity magnitude, vorticity, strain and shear stress are extracted from the flow fields for each parameter combination. Except for channel depth, almost all analyzed properties increased with increasing bubble size and superimposed liquid velocity. An influence of the rheology on the results is visible especially for the shear stress.
Color association research on red‐green dichromats in the color ergonomics of user interface interaction
Authors: Li Xia , Wu Tong , Li Shuangyan , Yang Lu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWith the development of our modern information society, digital products have become integrated into daily life. Research on the color ergonomics of user interfaces is a pressing issue. However, color‐vision‐deficient individuals (CVDIs), who account for 4.25% of the population, must use interfaces designed for individuals with normal color vision; the demands of CVDIs have not been sufficiently addressed. In this article, we investigate color associations in the color ergonomics of user interface interaction in a manner that aims both to improve interaction efficiency and to meet the psychological needs of CVDIs. First, we study color physiological cognitions in the color interactions of user interfaces for red‐green dichromats (RGDs) to determine the single‐color, two‐color, and three‐color combinations with high discrimination for a later experiment. Second, we explore the psychological–cognition relationships of colors in user‐interface interactions for RGDs. In an experiment involving 10 pairs of association semantemes and corresponding colors, the experimental results show that RGDs have different color cognitions caused by specific visual color expressions and unconscious environmental influences. Therefore, this article argues that RGD design should consider not only the habitual colors of solidified cognitions but also instinctive color associations. Finally, based on the results of previous experiments, we apply association color to the new interface design of computer security software (360 Total Security) for RGDs. Experimental results indicate that the application of color association in our new design can improve both interaction efficiency and CVDI user experience. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 547–563, 2016
A Pharmacokinetic Study Comparing Eslicarbazepine Acetate Administered Orally as a Crushed or Intact Tablet in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Sunkaraneni Soujanya , Kharidia Jahnavi , Schutz Ralph , Blum David , Cheng Hailong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe relative bioequivalence of crushed versus intact eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) tablets (800 mg) administered orally in healthy adults was evaluated in an open‐label, randomized, 2‐period crossover study with a 5‐day washout between treatments. Sample blood levels of eslicarbazepine and (R)‐licarbazepine were determined; pharmacokinetic parameters were derived for eslicarbazepine. Bioequivalence was established if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the geometric mean treatment ratios of eslicarbazepine AUC(0–∞) and Cmax were within the prespecified 80%–125% range. Twenty‐seven subjects in the intent‐to‐treat population (n = 28) completed both treatment periods. Eslicarbazepine exposure measures were similar for crushed versus intact ESL tablets: average Cmax, 11 700 versus 11 500 ng/mL; AUC(0–∞), 225 000 versus 234 000 ng·h/mL; AUC(0–last), 222 000 versus 231 000 ng·h/mL, respectively. Geometric least squares mean ratios (90%CIs) comparing eslicarbazepine exposure measures were within the 80%–125% range (Cmax, 102.63% [97.07%–108.51%]; AUC(0–∞), 96.72% [94.36%–99.13%]; AUC0–last, 96.69% [94.24%–99.21%]). In conclusion, ESL administered orally as a crushed tablet sprinkled on applesauce, or intact were bioequivalent in healthy subjects. Eslicarbazepine bioavailability was not significantly altered by crushing, indicating that ESL tablets can be administered intact or crushed.
Social optimum in social groups with give‐and‐take criterion
Authors: Aggarwal Saurabh , Kuri Joy , Vaze Rahul 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWe consider a ‘Social Group’ of networked nodes, seeking a ‘universe’ of segments. Each node has a subset of the universe and access to an expensive resource for downloading data. Nodes can also acquire the universe by exchanging copies of segments among themselves, at low cost, using inter‐node links. While exchanges over inter‐node links ensure minimum cost, some nodes in the group try to exploit the system. We term such nodes as ‘non‐reciprocating nodes’ and prohibit such behavior by proposing the ‘give‐and‐take’ criterion, where exchange is allowed if each node has segments unavailable with the other. Under this criterion, we consider the problem of maximizing the number of nodes with the universe at the end of local exchanges. First, we present a randomized algorithm that is shown to be optimal in the asymptotic regime. Then, we present greedy links algorithm, which performs well for most of the scenarios and yields an optimal result when the number of nodes is four. The polygon algorithm is proposed, which yields an optimal result when each of the nodes has a unique segment. After presenting some intuitive algorithms (e.g., greedy incremental algorithm and rarest first algorithm), we compare the performances of all proposed algorithms with the optimal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing clinical use of biomarkers in high‐risk acute heart failure patients
Authors: Demissei Biniyam G. , Valente Mattia A.E. , Cleland John G. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Metra Marco , Ponikowski Piotr , Teerlink John R. , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Givertz Michael M. , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Dittrich Howard , van der Meer Peter , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Hillege Hans L. , Voors Adriaan A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe clinical value of single biomarkers at single time‐points to predict outcomes in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is limited. We performed a multimarker, multi‐time‐point analysis of biomarkers for the prediction of post‐discharge clinical outcomes in high‐risk AHF patients.Methods and resultsA set of 48 circulating biomarkers were measured in the PROTECT trial which enrolled 2033 patients with AHF. Associations between baseline levels of biomarkers and outcomes (30‐day all‐cause mortality, 30‐day death or rehospitalization for renal/cardiovascular causes and 180‐day all‐cause mortality) were evaluated. Prognostic accuracies of baseline, days 2 or 3, 7, and 14 biomarker measurements were estimated and compared utilizing a time‐dependent area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Forty‐four biomarkers were significantly associated with outcomes, but 42 had limited prognostic value (C‐index < 0.70). However, multimarker models combining best‐performing biomarkers from different clusters had a much stronger prognostic value. Combining blood urea nitrogen (BUN), chloride, interleukin (IL)‐6, cTnI, sST‐2 and VEGFR‐1 into a clinical model yielded a 11% increase in C‐index to 0.84 and 0.78 for 30‐day and 180‐day all‐cause mortality, respectively, and cNRI of 0.86 95% CI [0.55–1.11] and 0.76 95% CI [0.57–0.87]. Prognostic gain was modest for the 30‐day death/rehospitalization for cardiovascular or renal causes endpoint. Comparative time‐dependent AUC analysis indicated that late measurements provided superior accuracy for the prediction of all‐cause mortality over 180 days, with few exceptions including BUN and galectin‐3. However, the predictive value of most biomarkers showed a diminishing pattern over time irrespective of moment of measurement.ConclusionsMultimarker models significantly improve risk prediction. Subsequent measurements, beyond admission, are needed for majority of biomarkers to maximize prognostic value over time, particularly in the long term.
Catalyst‐Controlled Regioselective Approach to 1‐Aminoisoquinolines and/or 1‐Aminoisoindolines through Aminative Domino Cycliza­tion of 2‐Alkynylbenzonitriles
Authors: Reddy Virsinha , Jadhav Abhijeet S. , Anand Ramasamy Vijaya 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA metal‐catalyzed regioselective approach towards the synthesis of 1‐aminoisoquinolines and/or 1‐aminoisindolines through aminative domino cyclization of 2‐alkynylbenzonitriles with secondary amines has been developed under solvent‐free conditions. It was found that the regioselectivity of the reaction was greatly influenced by the choice of the metal catalyst. Copper‐based catalysts favored 6‐endo‐dig cyclization leading to 1‐aminoisoquinolines, whereas other catalysts such as triflates of Zn, Ag, Bi, Sc and Yb favored the formation of 1‐aminoisoindolines through 5‐exo‐dig cyclization.
Hybrid Graphene Quantum Dots@Graphene Foam Nanosheets for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Electrodes
Authors: Chang Quanhong , Ma Zhoujing , Wang Jinzhong , Li Panpan , Yan Yuan , Shi Wangzhou , Chen Qi , Huang Yuewu , Huang Lei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA high‐efficiency counter electrode (CE) consisting of zero‐dimensional graphene quantum dots (GQDs)@graphene foam nanosheets (GFs) is proposed for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In the hybrid CE, the nanometer‐sized GQDs with more defect sites at the edges, provide outstanding electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of I3−. The high‐quality GFs with high electronic conductivity act as fast electron transportation channels for facilitating the charge injection between the GQDs and the fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The DSSC with the optimized hybrid CE exhibits an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 9.59 % with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc), short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF) of 0.75 V, 19.23 mA cm−2, and 66.5 %, respectively.
Effect of Non‐Darcy Flow on the Integral Fracturing Design of Low‐Permeability Petroleum Reservoirs
Authors: Bian Xiaobing , Zhou Luxi , Zhang Jingchen , Zhang Shicheng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn integral fracturing plan for low‐permeability petroleum reservoirs is commonly designed by using a black oil model; however, significant error may exist when non‐Darcy flow effects are not taken into account. Thus a three‐dimensional, two‐phase numerical reservoir model was established for vertical fractured wells by considering the characteristics of low‐permeability reservoirs. Based on the new model, a field case in the Zhao Ao oilfield was studied. The results show that the optimal well spacing of the five‐spot well network is 300 m for oil well, and the optimal half fracture length is 60 m with a fracture conductivity of 45 μm2 cm. In 2007, the recommended development plan was adopted and 18 oil wells and 11 water‐injection wells were implemented using the integral fracturing technique. Until June 2009, the total oil increase was 9373.4 ton. Successful field applications verify that the integral fracturing technique could greatly improve the oil recovery rate and recovery efficiency, and that the new model is reliable for new applications.
Morphological and transcriptional responses of Lycopersicon esculentum to hexavalent chromium in agricultural soil
Authors: Li Shi-Guo , Hou Jing , Liu Xin-Hui , Cui Bao-Shan , Bai Jun-Hong 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

The carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) on living organisms through the food chain raise the immediate need to assess the potential toxicological impacts of Cr(VI) on human health. Therefore, the concentration-dependent responses of 12 Cr(VI)-responsive genes selected from a high-throughput Lycopersicon esculentum complementary DNA microarray were examined at different Cr concentrations. The results indicated that most of the genes were differentially expressed from 0.1 mg Cr/kg soil, whereas the lowest-observable-adverse-effect concentrations of Cr(VI) were 1.6 mg Cr/kg soil, 6.4 mg Cr/kg soil, 3.2 mg Cr/kg soil, and 0.4 mg Cr/kg soil for seed germination, root elongation, root biomass, and root morphology, respectively, implying that the transcriptional method was more sensitive than the traditional method in detecting Cr(VI) toxicity. Dose-dependent responses were observed for the relative expression of expansin (p = 0.778), probable chalcone-flavonone isomerase 3 (p = –0.496), and 12S seed storage protein CRD (p = –0.614); therefore, the authors propose the 3 genes as putative biomarkers in Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1751–1758. © 2015 SETAC
Implicit large eddy simulation using the high‐order correction procedure via reconstruction scheme
Authors: Vermeire Brian C. , Nadarajah Siva , Tucker Paul G. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWe investigate implicit large eddy simulation of the Taylor–Green vortex, Comte‐Bellot–Corrsin experiment, turbulent channel flow and transitional and turbulent flow over an SD7003 airfoil using the high‐order unstructured correction procedure via reconstruction (CPR) scheme, also known as the flux reconstruction scheme. We employ P1 (second‐order) to P5 (sixth‐order) spatial discretizations. Results show that the CPR scheme can accurately predict turbulent flows without the addition of a sub‐grid scale model. Numerical dissipation, concentrated at the smallest resolved scales, is found to filter high‐frequency content from the solution. In addition, the high‐order schemes are found to be more accurate than the low‐order schemes on a per degree of freedom basis for the canonical test cases we consider. These results motivate the further investigation and use of the CPR scheme for simulating turbulent flows. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alcohol Consumption and Long‐Term Labor Market Outcomes
Authors: Böckerman Petri , Hyytinen Ari , Maczulskij Terhi 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis paper examines whether alcohol consumption is related to long‐term labor market outcomes. We use twin data for Finnish men and women matched to register‐based individual information on employment and earnings. The twin data allow us to account for the shared environmental and genetic factors. The quantity of alcohol consumption was measured by weekly average consumption using self‐reported data from three surveys (1975, 1981 and 1990). The average of an individual's employment months and earnings were measured in adulthood over the period 1990–2009. The models that account for the shared environmental and genetic factors reveal that former drinkers and heavy drinkers both have almost 20% lower earnings compared with moderate drinkers. On average, former drinkers work annually approx. 1 month less over the 20‐year observation period. These associations are robust to the use of covariates, such as education, pre‐existing health endowment and smoking. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attenuating Oxidative Stress Via Oxalate Ester‐Containing Ferulic Acid‐Based Poly(anhydride‐esters) that Scavenge Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Faig Jonathan J. , Klein Sarah , Ouimet Michelle A. , Yu Weiling , Uhrich Kathryn E. 
Published: December 2015

Ferulic acid (FA) is a naturally occurring, potent antioxidant commonly utilized in biomedical, food, and cosmetic formulations. While effective, FA's instability decreases its efficacy in formulations. Previous work demonstrates stabilization and controlled release of FA when incorporated into a polymer; however, these polymers lack inherent bioactivity, which can be significant in systems being actively impaired by oxidative stress. To address this limitation, oxalate ester linkages are incorporated into the polymer backbone due to their high reactivity toward hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species precursor. While polymer thermal properties and weight‐averaged molecular weight are similar to previous FA‐based poly(anhydride‐esters), the relative hydrophobicity, as indicated by contact angle measurements, is significantly higher. In vitro release studies indicate that polymer degradation and corresponding release of free FA are not solely dependent on hydrophobicity; despite higher hydrophobicity, these oxalate‐containing polymers degrade faster than previously published, more hydrophilic FA‐based polymers. Moreover, released FA maintains antioxidant activity, whereas the polymer displays hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Cytocompatibility studies demonstrate acceptable in vivo use up to 0.01 mg mL−1. This polymer system offers a two‐pronged approach to attenuate oxidative stress, as both the release product (i.e., FA) and polymer possess radical scavenging activity, rendering it useful for antioxidant applications.
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Nitrogen‐14 NMR Spectroscopic Detection of Explosophores in Solution
Authors: McAteer Daniel , Akhavan Jacqueline 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNitrogen‐14 (14N) quadrupolar nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to detect and measure the chemical environment of various nitrogen nuclei located within the explosophore of many commonly studied explosives in solution (Figure 1). The values are presented here as a resource for researchers in the field who may find use in this non‐destructive and convenient analytical technique.
Comparative Computational Studies of Gaseous Alkali Metal Amidoboranes MNH2BH3 and their Carbon Analogs MC2H5 (M = Li – Cs): Formation and Unimolecular Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lisovenko Anna S. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractComparative computational studies of reaction mechanisms of formation and unimolecular hydrogen evolution from alkali metal amidoboranes MNH2BH3 and their carbon analogs MC2H5 (M = Li – Cs) were performed at the B3LYP/def2‐TZVPPD level of theory. Transition states (TS) for the consecutive dehydrogenation reactions were optimized. In contrast to endergonic dehydrogenation of carbon analogs, dehydrogenation reactions of alkali metal amidoboranes are exergonic at room temperature. The nature of the alkali metal does not significantly affect the thermodynamic characteristics and activation energies of unimolecular gas phase dehydrogenation reactions. The influence of the alkali metal is qualitatively similar for amidoboranes and their carbon analogs.
Learning, memory and synaptic plasticity in hippocampus in rats exposed to sevoflurane
Authors: Xiao Hongyan , Liu Bing , Chen Yali , Zhang Jun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeDevelopmental exposure to volatile anesthetics has been associated with cognitive deficits at adulthood. Rodent studies have revealed impairments in performance in learning tasks involving the hippocampus. However, how the duration of anesthesia exposure impact on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory is as yet not fully elucidated.MethodsOn postnatal day 7(P7), rat pups were divided into 3 groups: control group (n = 30), 3% sevoflurane treatment for 1 h (Sev 1 h group, n = 30) and 3% sevoflurane treatment for 6 h (Sev 6 h group, n = 28). Following anesthesia, synaptic vesicle‐associated proteins and dendrite spine density and synapse ultrastructure were measured using western blotting, Golgi staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on P21. In addition, the effects of sevoflurane treatment on long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD), two molecular correlates of memory, were studied in CA1 subfields of the hippocampus, using electrophysiological recordings of field potentials in hippocampal slices on P35‐42. Rats' neurocognitive performance was assessed at 2 months of age, using the Morris water maze and novel‐object recognition tasks.ResultsOur results showed that neonatal exposure to 3% sevoflurane for 6 h results in reduced spine density of apical dendrites along with elevated expression of synaptic vesicle‐associated proteins (SNAP‐25 and syntaxin), and synaptic ultrastructure damage in the hippocampus. The electrophysiological evidence indicated that hippocampal LTP, but not LTD, was inhibited and that learning and memory performance were impaired in two behavioral tasks in the Sev 6 h group. In contrast, lesser structural and functional damage in the hippocampus was observed in the Sev 1 h group.ConclusionOur data showed that 6‐h exposure of the developing brain to 3% sevoflurane could result in synaptic plasticity impairment in the hippocampus and spatial and nonspatial hippocampal‐dependent learning and memory deficits. In contrast, shorter‐duration exposure (1 h) results in less damage. These results provide further evidences that duration of anesthesia exposure could have differential effects on neuronal plasticity and neurocognitive performance.