bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Onetime Injectable Dexamethasone Administered Orally in the Pediatric Emergency Department for Asthma Exacerbation
Authors: McCallister Ashley , So Tsz-Yin , Stewart Josh 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the efficacy of injectable dexamethasone administered orally in pediatric patients who presented to the emergency department with asthma exacerbation.

METHODS
This was a retrospective study of patients 0 to 18 years of age who presented to and who were directly discharged from the emergency department at Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital between September 1, 2012, and September 30, 2015, for the diagnosis of asthma or asthma exacerbation. Patients had to receive a onetime dose of injectable dexamethasone orally prior to discharge. Patients were followed for a 30-day period to identify the number of asthma relapses.

RESULTS
Ninety-nine patients were included in this study. The average weight-based dose ± SD of dexamethasone was 0.35 ± 0.18 mg/kg (range, 0.08–0.62 mg/kg) and the actual dose ± SD was 10.58 ± 1.92 mg (range, 5–16 mg). Over a 30-day period, 6 patients (6%) had one repeated emergency department visit, 6 patients (6%) were admitted to the hospital, and 3 patients (3%) presented to an outpatient clinic for asthma-related symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS
Injectable dexamethasone administered orally may be an efficacious treatment for asthma exacerbation in pediatric patients. A randomized control trial comparing injectable dexamethasone administered orally to other dexamethasone formulations/routes of administration should be performed to adequately assess the bioequivalence and effectiveness of the former formulation.
Improving Palivizumab Compliance Through a Pharmacist-Managed RSV Prevention Clinic
Authors: Chow Jennifer W. , Chicella Michael F. , Christensen Anthony M. , Moneymaker Carolyn S. , Harrington John , Dice James E. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVESPalivizumab is a monoclonal antibody approved for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk pediatric patients. While palivizumab is more effective if used correctly, compliance with the monthly dosing is suboptimal. We established a pharmacist-managed RSV prevention clinic in an effort to improve compliance. The primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of a pharmacist-managed RSV prevention clinic on palivizumab compliance.METHODSA chart review was performed. Patients who received palivizumab between September 2009 and April 2012 were identified. Compliance was determined as the number of patients who received eligible doses at 28- to 30-day intervals, consecutively.RESULTSOne hundred seventy-two patients received at least 1 dose of palivizumab. An average of 92% of patients who received at least 1 dose subsequently received all doses of palivizumab during the RSV season. Of those, 88% received all eligible doses in consecutive 28-to 30-day intervals.CONCLUSIONA pharmacist-managed RSV prevention clinic can assist physicians in the prevention of RSV by increasing compliance with palivizumab dosing.
Vancomycin Dosing in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Potential Impacts of New Technologies
Authors: Lonabaugh Kevin P. , Lunsford Kelly J. , Fang Gary Y. , Kaufman David A. , Addison Samuel D. , Buck Marcia L. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVESThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the doses of vancomycin used to obtain therapeutic drug concentrations in pediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), using new ECMO technologies.METHODSThis was a single-center, retrospective study of patients treated with vancomycin while receiving ECMO using low-volume circuit technology.RESULTSA total of 28 patients were included in the analysis of the primary endpoint. Patients had a median age of 6 weeks (0–11 years) and a median weight of 3.45 kg (2.44–37.2 kg). Ultrafiltration was used in 89.3% of patients at initiation of ECMO regardless of baseline renal function, resulting in a median urine output of 2 mL/kg/hr at the time of the final vancomycin dose. Most patients started vancomycin at the same time as ECMO. The median total daily dose was 30 mg/kg/day. The median total daily dose in a subset of patients less than one year of age was 20 mg/kg/day. Nearly all patients had at least 1 therapeutic trough serum vancomycin concentration. A total of 16 patients completed their vancomycin course using an interval of every 12 hours or shorter. Half-life was calculated in a subset of 11 patients and the mean was found to be 12.3 ± 2.8 hours.CONCLUSIONSAn initial dosing interval of every 12 hours to provide a total daily dose of 30 mg/kg/day is a possible option in pediatric patients on ECMO provided that renal function is normal at baseline. Monitoring of serum vancomycin concentrations for adjustment of dosing is required throughout therapy and is still warranted.
Dose-Banding of Intravenous Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Pediatric Surgical Inpatients
Authors: Karande Indrajit S. , Goff Zoy , Kewley Jacqueline , Mehta Shailender , Snelling Thomas 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial doses in children are often prescribed by using an individually calculated dose per weight (e.g., mg/kg) or based on body surface area. Dosing errors are the most commonly reported medication errors in children. A “dose-banding” strategy is frequently used for some over-the-counter drugs to prevent dosing errors. It could also lead to efficiencies by enabling batch preparation of intravenous (IV) medications in hospitals.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate whether use of dose-banding for IV piperacillin-tazobactam results in acceptable dose variation from standard practice of individualized prescription of 100 mg/kg in children.

METHODS
We conducted a historically controlled intervention study comparing prescriptions of IV piperacillin-tazobactam before vs. after introduction of dose-banding prescribing guidance for surgical inpatients weighing &gt;5 kg and &lt;16 years of age at the tertiary referral pediatric hospital in Western Australia.

RESULTS
Dose-banding of IV piperacillin-tazobactam (with a maximum of 15% departure from the recommended milligram-per-weight dose of 100 mg/kg) resulted in similar overall variation of prescribed dose in comparison to individualized milligram-per-weight (non–dose-banded) prescribing. There was a trend toward fewer prescriptions with large variance (&gt;30% variation from the 100-mg/kg dose) in the dose-banded compared to the non–dose-banded group (1/140 vs. 5/105; p = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed dose-banding of IV piperacillin-tazobactam resulted in acceptable variation when compared to individualized milligram-per-weight dosing in children. Prospectively designed controlled trials are warranted to determine whether dose-banding could reduce medication errors and optimize use of hospital resources. Implications for future practice could include faster batch preparation, shorter checking and dispensing time, and reduction in drug wastage.
Konturer af intermedial litteratur og litteraturdidaktik i Fælles Mål og i danskundervisningen
Authors: Henkel Ayoe Quist 
Published: October 2017

I Fælles Mål for faget dansk (2014) forekommer vendingen ”litteratur og andre æstetiske tekster” og begrebet ”multimodalitet” for første gang i danskfagets læreplan. Samtidig udvikles nye former for kunstarter og medier for realisering af litteratur i kraft af den teknologiske og digitale udvikling. Når børn i dag åbner en litterær tekst i danskundervisningen, vil det af og til være i form af digital litteratur, som fx en litterær app, en sms-novelle eller et andet digitalt format, der benytter sig af forskellige udtryksformer og varierende former for interaktion. Sådanne forandringer i læreplanen og i det litterære felt stiller nye spørgsmål til dels, hvad der karakteriserer litteraturundervisningens genstandsfelt, dels hvorfor og hvordan digital litteratur kan læses i modersmålsundervisningen. Disse fagdidaktiske spørgsmål diskuterer og svarer artiklen på ud fra en intermedialitetstilgang (bl.a. Mitchell 1994, Wolf 2007, Elleström 2010, Bruhn 2012 og 2016), eftersom denne i al sin diversitet er optaget af tværæstetisk og tværmedial betydningsdannelse i blandt andet litteratur. Denne tilgang komplementerer dermed multimodalitetsteorien, der orienterer sig mod alle tekster og deres sammensatte og kommunikative hensigt, ved at fokusere særligt på æstetiske tekster og disses mulige refleksions- og erkendelsespotentiale. Ud fra en analyse fokuseret på de to nye begrebsanvendelser og med nedslag i en digital og remedieret version af Karen Blixens fortælling ”De blå øjne” (2016) tegner artiklen konturerne af intermedial litteraturdidaktik, der afslutningsvis formuleres i tre praksisnære principper for litteraturundervisning: Sanse, sammenligne og skabe. ”Contours of Intermedial Literature and Literature Didactics in Common Aims and Danish Teaching“ analyses current changes in the common aims for the subject of Danish Fælles Mål for faget dansk (2014) influencing the domain of literature teaching and its position in the teaching of Danish. The article discusses how and why literature for children and young adults in an intermedial and material perspective can be considered in the teaching and it discusses the relationship between intermediality theory and multimodality theory. The multimodal approach stresses the expanded textual concept for the purpose of communication, whereas the intermedial approach privileges texts as art and literature for the purpose of reflection and recognition. Following this, the article makes a case for the place of literature in Danish and for intermedial literature didactics which can include literature in various formats and media with the emphasis on their sensory appeal to the reader. With excerpts from the digital and remediated version of Karen Blixen’s story “The Blue Eyes” (2016) as illustrations, three practice-oriented principles for teaching literature are formulated: perceive, compare and create.
Le tourisme « gourmand » existe-t-il ?
Authors: ETCHEVERRIA Olivier 
Published: October 2017

L’inflation et l’hétérogénéité des approches tant opérationnelles qu’intellectuelles du tourisme « gourmand », quasiment toujours envisagées du point de vue de l’offre, conduisent à s’interroger sur l’existence même de cet objet à géométrie si variable et instrumentalisé. En particulier, elles réactivent des questions de sources et de méthodes. L’objectif de cet article est de tenter de caractériser le tourisme « gourmand ».
Le
tourisme œno-gastronomique
Authors: MARCELIN Florian , BUGNI Valeria 
Published: October 2017

La remise en cause récente d’un tourisme de masse standardisé, d’une
agriculture productiviste et d’une alimentation homogène permet à ces trois dimensions de
s’articuler autour d’un tourisme culinaire localisé. Des acteurs privés et publics
s’emparent de ces thématiques et tentent de construire une offre touristique
territorialisée fondée sur des produits culinaires phares, comme le vin ou le fromage,
dont la patrimonialisation rejaillit sur l’ensemble du territoire ainsi mis en valeur. Cet
article s’appuie sur deux cas de promotion touristique de produits alimentaires à forte
image identitaire : le vin de Vienne-Seyssuel, dans la vallée du Rhône en France, et le
fromage Castelmagno, dans le Piémont en Italie. La transformation d’un produit agricole
intégré dans une logique de filière à un produit ancré localement et portant l’image d’un
territoire se fait ici par des initiatives privées d’acteurs économiques puissants,
impulsant ainsi une dynamique locale.
LA CONSTITUTION DU LITTÉRAIRE EN CONTEXTE MÉDIATIQUE
Authors: GILL LOUIS-SERGE 
Published: October 2017

La critique littéraire québécoise du xixe siècle demeure l’un des genres médiatiques les plus délaissés des
dernières années. Pourtant, nous observons dans la seconde moitié du siècle une croissance
de la publication de textes de critique et un intérêt marqué pour la constitution
d’instances de légitimation du littéraire. Dans cet article, l’auteur esquisse les formes et
les tendances de la critique en contexte médiatique. À partir d’exemples tirés de journaux
et de périodiques, il expose les formes suivantes : le prospectus, la bibliographie,
l’article, l’étude, la correspondance et la biographie, avant de présenter le dossier de
presse du Pèlerin de Sainte-Anne (1877), roman de Pamphile Le May, en regard du
dialogue quotidien que permet la critique littéraire en contexte médiatique.
DEUX CANADIENS FRANÇAIS DANS LA COURSE AUTOUR DU MONDE
Authors: BIRON CHARLOTTE 
Published: October 2017

Le reportage devient au Québec, comme dans le reste de l’Occident, l’élément central de la presse d’information dans la foulée des modifications socioéconomiques et techniques qui ont transformé les journaux à la fin du xixe siècle. Parmi celles-ci, le développement fulgurant des transports et des communications s’imbrique dans les modalités qui permettent la naissance du genre. Composé au rythme du télégraphe, des trains et des bateaux, le reportage s’avère, dès ses balbutiements, intimement lié à la notion de déplacement ; il s’agit d’un moyen de couvrir l’actualité, mais également d’un objet de fascination. Le mouvement du reporter apparaît comme une fin en soi dans un type d’articles courant au tournant du siècle, le reportage-événement, dont le meilleur exemple est sans conteste le tour du monde de Lorenzo Prince et d’Auguste Marion, qui participent pour La Presse à la course dans laquelle se lancent différents journaux sur la planète en 1901. Le présent article vise à analyser les contraintes de l’écriture du tour du monde telles que les reporters de La Presse s’en sont saisis, mais également à réfléchir la spécificité de cette série, artefact issu de la traversée des frontières de deux reporters canadiens-français au tournant du siècle.
ZNANJE, MENADŽMENT ZNANJA I MENADŽMENT PROMENA KAO FAKTORI USPEHA I RAZVOJA
Authors: Đurić Zvezdan , Đurić Olivera , Nedeljković Aleksandra 
Published: October 2017

Sažetak: Tradicionalni svet biznisa više ne postoji. Odavno važe pravila da nema pravila. Isključivo povezanost tehnologije sa ljudskim faktorom zadovoljava tržište i aktuelni svet biznisa. Pri tom, tehnologija nije uvek reprezent znanja, nego oruđe kojim ljudsko znanje postiže veće rezultate. U tom smislu menadžment znanja treba shvatiti kao proces, pomoću kojeg organizacije generišu nove vrednosti, zasnovane na aktivi svoga intelektualnog kapitala. Osnovni cilj menadžmenta znanja je osigurati da dobri odgovori u datom trenutku promene, postanu dobra praksa.Svi želimo da budemo uspešni, ali nema mnogo onih koji se zaista tako i osećaju. Kada je uspeh u pitanju, nije bitno ono što radite, već kako radite. Uspeh se manje zasniva na talentu i veštini, a više na posvećenosti i znanju. Nesumnjivo je da svet znanja ne samo da ne zaslužuje nego i ne dozvoljava improvizacije. Otud, ljudski faktor dobija drugačije dimenzije. Ne slučajno nastala je transformacija ljudi od resursa do humanog kapitala. Rad želi da ukaže na novu paradigmu uspeha u životu, razvoju i poslovnom svetu, a to su: zananje kao fokusiranost i uspešno upravljanje promenama. Dolazi vreme «menadžera promena i znanja».
ANTICIPATIVNO UPRAVLJANJE DEVIZNIM RIZIKOM U VANJSKOTRGOVINSKOM POSLOVANJU / ANTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT OF A CURRENCY RISK IN FOREIGN TRADE
Authors: Majstorović Zvezdana 
Published: October 2017

Foreign trade is an exchange of material and non-material goods across international borders and territories. Every business, including international trade, is exposed to risks due to sudden and unexpected events. Those who are in charge of negotiating business deals, have to be prepared for eventual risks that may occure and lead to a descrease in operating income. The goal of a company is not to completely eleminate risks, as they are directly connected with a profitability of the company itself. Risks should be managed. Every company has to set up a system that will manage risks in order not to have extremely high financial losses. One of the risks that affects foreign trade is a currency risk. A risk management system must prevent a possible currency risk, since managing risks is a prerequisite for successful sustained business. However, circumstances which directly affect external trade operations can’t be predicted in every case. The main goal of this work is to determine how a currency risk is occured and explore the ways of a currency risk management in order to prevent financial losses of the companies that participate in foreign trade.
Combining graph and flux-based structures to decipher phenotypic essential metabolites within metabolic networks
Authors: Laniau Julie , Frioux Clémence , Nicolas Jacques , Baroukh Caroline , Cortes Maria-Paz , Got Jeanne , Trottier Camille , Eveillard Damien , Siegel Anne 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe emergence of functions in biological systems is a long-standing issue that can now be addressed at the cell level with the emergence of high throughput technologies for genome sequencing and phenotyping. The reconstruction of complete metabolic networks for various organisms is a key outcome of the analysis of these data, giving access to a global view of cell functioning. The analysis of metabolic networks may be carried out by simply considering the architecture of the reaction network or by taking into account the stoichiometry of reactions. In both approaches, this analysis is generally centered on the outcome of the network and considers all metabolic compounds to be equivalent in this respect. As in the case of genes and reactions, about which the concept of essentiality has been developed, it seems, however, that some metabolites play crucial roles in system responses, due to the cell structure or the internal wiring of the metabolic network.ResultsWe propose a classification of metabolic compounds according to their capacity to influence the activation of targeted functions (generally the growth phenotype) in a cell. We generalize the concept of essentiality to metabolites and introduce the concept of thephenotypic essential metabolite(PEM) which influences the growth phenotype according to sustainability, producibility or optimal-efficiency criteria. We have developed and made available a tool,Conquests, which implements a method combining graph-based and flux-based analysis, two approaches that are usually considered separately. The identification of PEMs is made effective by using a logical programming approach.ConclusionThe exhaustive study of phenotypic essential metabolites in six genome-scale metabolic models suggests that the combination and the comparison of graph, stoichiometry and optimal flux-based criteria allows some features of the metabolic network functionality to be deciphered by focusing on a small number of compounds. By considering the best combination of both graph-based and flux-based techniques, theConquestspython package advocates for a broader use of these compounds both to facilitate network curation and to promote a precise understanding of metabolic phenotype.
External validation of cut-off points for foveal thickness taking into account the intraretinal fluid using optical coherence tomography to diagnose diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Hernández-Martínez Carmen , Palazón-Bru Antonio , Azrak Cesar , Navarro-Navarro Aída , Baeza-Díaz Manuel Vicente , Martínez-Toldos José Juan , Gil-Guillén Vicente Francisco 
Published: October 2017

Background
In late 2015, cut-off points were published for foveal thickness to diagnose diabetic macular oedema taking into account the presence of intraretinal fluid using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary care patients (90 µm in the presence of intraretinal fluid and 310 µm otherwise).

Methods
This cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 134 eyes of diabetic patients treated in specialised ophthalmology services in a Spanish region in 2012–2013, to externally validate the aforementioned cut-off points. The main variable (Clinical Standard) was the diagnosis of macular oedema through indirect ophthalmoscopy and posterior segment slit-lamp biomicroscopy. As validation variables, both the foveal thickness and the presence of intraretinal fluid obtained by OCT were used. Validation was performed using bootstrapping by calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR).

Results
Forty-one eyes presented diabetic macular oedema (30.6%). The bootstrapping validation parameters were: AUC, 0.88; sensitivity, 0.75; specificity, 0.95; PLR, 14.31; NLR, 0.26. These values were very similar to those of the original publication.

Conclusion
We have externally validated in specialised care patients the cut-off points published for the diagnosis of diabetic macular oedema. We suggest that others carry out validation studies in their communities.
Crystal structure and functional characterization of SF216 from Shigella flexneri
Authors: Kim Ha‐Neul , Seok Seung‐Hyeon , Lee Yoo‐Sup , Won Hyung‐Sik , Seo Min‐Duk 
Published: October 2017

Shigella flexneri is a Gram‐negative anaerobic bacterium that causes highly infectious bacterial dysentery in humans. Here, we solved the crystal structure of SF216, a hypothetical protein from the S. flexneri 5a strain M90T, at 1.7 Å resolution. The crystal structure of SF216 represents a homotrimer stabilized by intersubunit interactions and ion‐mediated electrostatic interactions. Each subunit consists of three β‐strands and five α‐helices with the β‐β‐β‐α‐α‐α‐α‐α topology. Based on the structural information, we also demonstrate that SF216 shows weak ribonuclease activity by a fluorescence quenching assay. Furthermore, we identify potential druggable pockets (putative hot spots) on the surface of the SF216 structure by computational mapping.
PGE1 and E3 show lower efficacies than E2 to β‐catenin‐mediated activity as biased ligands of EP4 prostanoid receptors
Authors: Araki Yumi , Suganami Akiko , Endo Suzu , Masuda Yuta , Fukushima Keijo , Regan John W. , Murayama Toshihiko , Tamura Yutaka , Fujino Hiromichi 
Published: October 2017

The 2‐series of prostaglandin E (PGE2) is regarded as a pro‐cancer prostanoid, whereas the 1‐series (PGE1) and the 3‐series (PGE3) are considered to act as anti‐cancer prostanoids. In the present study, we provide possible reasons why PGE1 and PGE3, but not PGE2, exert anti‐cancer effects by focusing on each diverged E‐type prostanoid (EP)4 receptor‐mediated signaling pathway. PGE1, PGE2 and PGE3 function as full agonists in terms of Gαs‐ and Gαi‐protein‐mediated signaling. However, PGE1 and PGE3 function as partial agonists of T‐cell factor (TCF)/β‐catenin (β‐cat)‐mediated activity, the well‐known cancer‐related signaling pathway. Furthermore, pretreatment with PGE1 or PGE3 almost completely reduces PGE2‐induced TCF/β‐cat activity. These results provide a plausible reason why PGE1 and PGE3 function as anti‐cancer prostanoids as a result of novel biased activity for EP4 receptors.