bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between uterine biopsy score, endometrial infection and inflammation in the mare
Authors: Kozdrowski Roland , Nowak Marcin , Sikora Monika , Buczkowska Justyna 
Published: January 2016

Summary
Objective: Endometrial biopsy score is an accepted marker of uterine health and predicted fertility, and it has been suggested that endometrial alternations are correlated with susceptibility to persistent infectious endometritis. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of endometrial biopsy score with: 1) presence of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in the epithelium and stratum compactum in histopathology; 2) presence of PMNs in cytology and 3) presence of infection in microbiology. Materials and methods: The material for examination was collected from 69 mares suspected for subclinical endometritis (bred three or more times unsuccessfully in the same breeding season) and from 15 maiden mares. Samples were collected by endometrial biopsy and cytobrush technique. Results: Endometrial alterations (biopsy score IIA, IIB, III) were found in 64 of 82 mares (78%). There was an increase in PMN occurrence for grades IIA, IIB and III. When comparing grades and PMNs infiltration, we observed statistically significant differences between grades I and IIA (p = 0.222) and grades I and IIB (p = 0.042) in samples collected by endometrial biopsy. Statistically significant differences were found in microbiological examination (biopsy p = 0.036; cytobrush p = 0.189), cytological examination (biopsy p = 0.040; cytobrush p = 0.079) and PMN infiltration (p = 0.042) between mares with biopsy scores I and IIB. Furthermore, the highest percentage of infected mares was in grade IIA and IIB, and we found statistically significant differences between grades I and IIA (p = 0.043), and grades I and IIB (p = 0.036) in biopsy samples. We observed a tendency to higher prevalence of endometrial infection in mares with biopsy score IIA, IIB and III than with biopsy score I in samples collected using cytobrush technique. However, there were no statistical significant differences. Conclusion: Degenerative endometrial changes can predispose to uterine infection and inflammation. Our study shows that mares with endometrial score I are less predisposed to infection than mares with category IIA, IIB and III. Endometrial biopsy is a reliable diagnostic tool.
Occurrence of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in multiplier pig herds in Switzerland
Authors: Löbert S. , Zimmermann W. , Bürki S. , Frey J. , Nathues H. , Scheer P. , Doherr M. G. , Stalder U. , Zeeh F. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjective: This research was aimed to determine the occurrence of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae in Swiss multiplier pig herds. Materials and methods: In a pilot study a direct real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for B. hyodysenteriae was compared to culture followed by PCR on 106 samples from three herds. Subsequently 40 multiplier herds were epidemiologically characterized and analysed for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae using direct PCR on 1412 rectal swabs. For external validation 20 swabs obtained from two positive conventional herds were analysed. Results: The comparison of direct PCR with culture followed by PCR resulted in a moderate agreement (kappa index: 0.58). In the two conventional herds, 35% of the samples (7/20) tested positive. Samples from 39 multipliers tested negative. In one multiplier herd, 25% (9/36) of the samples tested PCR positive. Risk factors in the multiplier herd may have been rodents or birds, but not pig purchase. Conclusion and clinical relevance: B. hyodysenteriae have been detected in a Swiss multiplier herd, which underlines the threat of potential spread by replacement pigs. Consequently, a Brachyspira monitoring programme was established for Swiss multiplier herds.
GIVE ME BACK MY BLACK DOLLS: DAMAS’ AFRICA AND ITS MUSEIFICATION, FROM POETRY TO MOVING PICTURES
Authors: De Groof Matthias , Gyssels Kathleen 
Published: January 2016

This essay links Léon-Gontran Damas’ poetry to Matthias De Groof’s experimental film, Rendez-les moi, which is based on Damas’ poem “Limbé.” By offering an interpretation of “Limbé” in relation to the museification of African artifacts, the film frames the re-evaluation of Damas as artistic intervention. Kathleen Gyssels engages the way the visual experimentation tries to galvanize Damas’ artistic vision and focuses on the figure of Damas’ black dolls as a metaphor for gendered discrimination, thereby moving beyond classic antagonisms of Négritude.
TOWARDS A NEW CARIBBEAN CINEMA? AN INTERVIEW WITH JAMAICAN FILMMAKER STORM SAULTER
Authors: Martens Emiel 
Published: January 2016

Storm Saulter (www.stormsaulter.com) is a Jamaican filmmaker, photographer, and visual artist. He is best known for directing the award-winning Jamaican feature film Better Mus’ Come (2010) and for co-founding New Caribbean Cinema, a DIY (Do It Yourself) collective of young filmmakers in Jamaica and the wider Caribbean dedicated to creating a new wave of Caribbean filmmaking (www.newcaribbeancinema.com). Together they have already produced a series of short films under the title Ring di Alarm(2012), which was shown around the world before coming home to packed theatres in Kingston in August 2014. In the following interview, which took place via Skype on November 12, 2014, Storm Saulter talks about his career as a filmmaker in Jamaica and discusses his work in the context of Caribbean cinema and society.
CHRISTIAN LARA: RECONCILING VISION AND EXECUTION IN SUCRE AMER AND 1802, L’EPOPÉE GUADELOUPÉENNE
Authors: Robinson Meredith 
Published: January 2016

Invoking the past in film is a political gesture because it suggests new interpretations of historical events. French Caribbean director Christian Lara portrays the Guadeloupean rebellion of 1803 in two of his films. In his own words, he builds “a historical fresco” of the events, abounding with frequent changes of scenery, elaborate period costumes, and a wide range of minor and major characters through which he exposes France’s colonial wrongdoings. He further questions present French involvement in Guadeloupe. My aim in this paper is to demonstrate that his cinematic efforts, though criticized for their theatricality, underscore an urgency to correct and confirm the islands’ distinctive and inspiring local history.
Selección bibliohemerográfica de José María Luis Mora (1812-1850)
Authors: Briseño Senosiain Lillian , Solares Robles Laura , Suárez de la Torre Laura 
Published: January 2016

Selección de fragmentos de artículos de contenido histórico, crítica social, censura política y textos religiosos, jurídicos, literarios y periodísticos del liberal mexicano
Ensayo de periodización sobre la historia socioeconómica del noreste mexicano, siglo XVI a XIX
Authors: Ortega Noriega Sergio 
Published: January 2016

Estudio de una historia regional sustentada en el recurso metodológico de la periodización, desglosa áreas geográficas y subperiodos cronológicos: 1530-1707, dominación española sobre los aborígenes; 1771-1880, poderío español, se sientan bases del sistema capitalista; 1880 en adelante, dependencia del mercado norteamericano
Aguascalientes en el siglo XIX (libro, folletos y periódicos)
Authors: Rodríguez Varela Enrique 
Published: January 2016

<p>Bibliografía comentada de obras existentes en bibliotecas públicas de las ciudades de México, Guadalajara y Aguascalientes. El material se compone de nueve grupos: libros y ensayos históricos, impresos políticos, económicos, religiosos, etc.</p>
La democracia en los microestados del Caribe oriental: un análisis de su viabilidad
Authors: Giacalone de Romero Rita 
Published: January 2016

<p>Los intentos en las cuatro últimas colonias europeas en las Antillas (Granada, Dominicana, Santa Lucia y San Vicente) por alcanzar una democratización completa, son examinados a partir del estudio de aspectos históricos, sociales, culturales y económicos, en el marco de su vulnerable situación geopolítica.</p>
Interpretación de la independencia de América Latina
Authors: Chaunu Pierre 
Published: January 2016

<p>Articulo contenido en <em>La independencia de America Latina, </em>obra conjunta con P. Vilar y E. Hobsbawm. Plantea la necesidad de rom­per mitos historiográficos creados en el siglo XIX y calcados del modelo de independencia de las colonias norteamericanas. Propone un esquema más complejo que precise y enriquezca el estudio.</p>
Microeconomía de la producción de ganado vacuno de carne en el valle medio del rio sinú (montería – colombia): un estudio de caso
Authors: Castillo Nuñez Omar , Kerguelen Macea María , Negrette Guzmán María 
Published: January 2016

Este artículo tiene como objetivo contrastar empíricamente aspectos de la teoría microeconómica de la producción aplicada a una unidad empresarial de ganado vacuno cebado en pie en Montería (Colombia) para los años 2005-2013. Para tal fin se describe la técnica de producción utilizada, se evalúan los resultados técnicos y económicos, se modela la función de costo total, y se construye una función de oferta–precio mediante técnicas econométricas. Los resultados aportan evidencia empírica adicional acerca de que el uso de técnicas intensivas en alimentación con pasturas naturales mejoradas, suplementos y cuidado de la salud animal, permiten obtener resultados de producción y productividad física que se traducen en excedentes económicos positivos. La función de costo total mantiene una relación positiva con el nivel de producto y el precio de los insumos. El costo marginal es creciente y se intersecta con la función de costo medio mínimo en un nivel de producción de 33.529 kilogramos, correspondiente a un costo mínimo de $1.410 por kilogramo. Consistente con la función de costo marginal creciente, la función de oferta–precio tiene pendiente positiva para señalar que los productores responden positivamente a los incentivos de precio del mercado.
Modelo de gestión de la demanda energética integral
Authors: Hurtado Aguirre Enrique , Escamilla Mejía Juan Pablo 
Published: January 2016

<span>La gestión energética significa optimizar una de las más complejas e importantes técnicas creaciones que conocemos: el sistema de energía. Existen una buena cantidad de métodos para la optimización de la generación de energía y su distribución. Por lo que el modelo de la demanda energética integral (DSM) es una estrategia para mejorar el sistema de energía en el lado del consumo. Se extiende desde la política energética, la economía experimental, la teoría de los agentes, la mejora de la eficiencia energética mediante software de soporte y aplicación, las tarifas de energía inteligente con incentivos para ciertos patrones de consumo, hasta los sofisticados sistemas de control en tiempo real de los recursos energéticos distribuidos. Este documento proporciona una visión general y una taxonomía para el desarrollo de un modelo sistemático integral de DSM, que analiza los distintos elementos de construcción, y ofrece un panorama sobre cómo emplear un modelo de análisis jerárquico de procesos y evaluación integral difusa para su implementación.</span>
Analyzing the levels of depressive symptoms among secondary school students in Canada and Turkey
Authors: Karatas Zeynep , Tremblay Richard Ernest 
Published: January 2016

To examine the level of depressive symptoms of the secondary school students in Turkey and Canada has been aimed in this study. The research group of the study consists of 1050 secondary school students with the average age of 13. Their socio-economic levels are low in both countries, Canada and Turkey. Data has been analyzed by independent groups t-Test, Two Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD Test. The study revealed that the level of depressive symptoms of Turkish secondary school students has been found higher than the level of depressive symptoms of Canadian secondary school students. While the levels of depressive symptoms of the Canadian female students have been higher than male students, the level of depressive symptoms of Turkish students has not differentiated in terms of their genders. While the common interactions of the educational levels of Turkish students’ parents on depressive symptoms have been found significant, the levels of depressive symptoms of Canadian pupils have not presented any changes according to parents’ educational levels. The results of the study have been discussed and some suggestions have been presented. Keywords: depressive symptoms, secondary school students, early adolescent, Canada, Turkey.
Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures
Authors: Jawa Andrew , Burnikel David 
Published: January 2016

➢ There is substantial variability in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures because of classification systems with poor interobserver reliability, rapid advances in technology (e.g., anatomically designed locking plates and reverse shoulder arthroplasty), and limited Level-I and II evidence for best treatments based on fracture patterns and physiological age.➢ Almost three-quarters of proximal humeral fractures can be treated nonoperatively with good functional results as nearly 50% are nondisplaced or Neer one-part fractures. Another quarter occur in infirm patients or are characterized by fracture patterns that reliably heal well with minimal complications.➢ Displaced fractures in physiologically young patients should preferentially be treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) as functional outcomes are generally good and anatomical restoration can improve the results of subsequent arthroplasty, if needed.➢ Improved results with fixation have been reported in association with the use of bone substitutes, fibular strut allografts, and inferior head-supporting calcar screws to prevent humeral head displacement and screw perforation.➢ A number of recent trials have brought into question the advantage of both ORIF and hemiarthroplasty over nonoperative treatment for patients over the age of sixty years who have three and four-part fractures without dislocations.➢ Reverse shoulder arthroplasty initially showed varied results for the treatment of irreparable fractures in healthy older patients, but recent Level-I and II studies have shown an advantage over hemiarthroplasty. Medium and long-term data are still needed.
Risk Disclosure Preceding Negative Outcomes: The Effects of Reporting Critical Audit Matters on Judgments of Auditor Liability
Authors: Brasel Kelsey , Doxey Marcus M. , Grenier Jonathan H. , Reffett Andrew 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Audit practitioners, academics, and attorneys have expressed concern that disclosing critical audit matters (CAMs) will increase jurors' auditor liability judgments when auditors fail to detect misstatements. In contrast, this study provides theory and experimental evidence that CAM disclosures, under certain conditions, reduce auditor liability judgments as jurors perceive that undetected fraudulent misstatements were more foreseeable to the plaintiff (i.e., the financial statement user suing the auditor). However, we find that CAM disclosures only reduce auditor liability for undetected misstatements that, absent CAM disclosure, are relatively difficult to foresee. Finally, CAM disclosures that are unrelated to subsequent misstatements neither increase nor reduce auditor liability judgments relative to the current regime (i.e., where CAMs are not disclosed), but reduce liability judgments relative to reporting that there were no CAMs. As such, we find that, relative to stating there were no CAMs, disclosure of any CAM (i.e., related or unrelated) provides litigation protection in cases of undetected fraud. Consequently, the CAM requirement could incentivize auditors to disclose innocuous boilerplate CAMs, thereby diluting the impact of more warranted CAM disclosures.
Data Availabliity: Available from authors upon request.
Dimensional accuracy of ceramic self-ligating brackets and estimates of theoretical torsional play
Authors: Lee Youngran , Lee Dong-Yul , Kim Yoon-Ji R. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To ascertain the dimensional accuracies of some commonly used ceramic self-ligation brackets and the amount of torsional play in various bracket–archwire combinations.

Materials and Methods:
Four types of 0.022-inch slot ceramic self-ligating brackets (upper right central incisor), three types of 0.018-inch ceramic self-ligating brackets (upper right central incisor), and three types of rectangular archwires (0.016 × 0.022-inch beta-titanium [TMA] (Ormco, Orange, Calif), 0.016 × 0.022-inch stainless steel [SS] (Ortho Technology, Tampa, Fla), and 0.019 × 0.025-inch SS (Ortho Technology)) were measured using a stereomicroscope to determine slot widths and wire cross-sectional dimensions. The mean acquired dimensions of the brackets and wires were applied to an equation devised by Meling to estimate torsional play angle (γ).

Results:
In all bracket systems, the slot tops were significantly wider than the slot bases (P &lt; .001), yielding a divergent slot profile. Clarity-SLs (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) showed the greatest divergence among the 0.022-inch brackets, and Clippy-Cs (Tomy, Futaba, Fukushima, Japan) among the 0.018-inch brackets. The Damon Clear (Ormco) bracket had the smallest dimensional error (0.542%), whereas the 0.022-inch Empower Clear (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, Wis) bracket had the largest (3.585%).

Conclusions:
The largest amount of theoretical play is observed using the Empower Clear (American Orthodontics) 0.022-inch bracket combined with the 0.016 × 0.022-inch TMA wire (Ormco), whereas the least amount occurs using the 0.018 Clippy-C (Tomy) combined with 0.016 × 0.022-inch SS wire (Ortho Technology).
Correlation of fracture features with mechanical properties as a function of strain rate in zirconium alloys
Authors: Das Arpan , Chakravartty Jayanta Kumar 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Two dimensional fracture features (i. e., dimple diameter, extent of tearing ridges etc.) quantified from the tensile fractographs are investigated to predict the nature of variation in mechanical properties with strain rates in zirconium alloys tested under ambient temperature where the initial inclusion or other second phase particle contents were kept unaltered. It has been possible to reasonably estimate the strength and ductility properties of an alloy from a systematic analysis of fractographic features.
Photoluminescence properties of Tb3+-doped stalk-like Al2O3
Authors: Zhang Min , Liu Dianguang , Chen Yigao , Zhu Meng , Hong Haoran , Yang Chengyu , Li Nanwen , Chen Quan , Qi Shengli , Wang Jianli , An Linan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUniform Al2O3 : Tb3+ samples were successfully fabricated via a hydrothermal method and subsequent thermal decomposition of Tb3+ doped precursors. Scanning electron microscopy results showed Tb3+-doped Al2O3 was stalk-like with an average length about 1.5 μm. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that the 5D4 → 7F5 (545 nm) electric dipole transition was most intense upon excitation at 227 nm. It is shown that 1.5 mol.% doping concentration of Tb3+ ions in Al2O3 : Tb3+ is optimum. According to Dexter's theory, the critical distance between Tb3+ ions in Al2O3 for energy transfer was determined to be 14 Å.
Population differentiation and countergradient variation throughout the geographic range in the fern gametophyte Vittaria appalachiana
Authors: Chambers Sally M. , Emery Nancy C. 
Published: January 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Theory predicts that limited gene flow between populations will promote population differentiation, and experimental studies have found that differentiation is often explained by local adaptation in sexually reproducing angiosperms. However, few experiments have examined the drivers of differentiation among populations in asexual land plants with limited dispersal potential. Here, we evaluated the role of temperature in driving population differentiation in an asexual, obligate gametophyte fern species.METHODS:We reciprocally transplanted Vittaria appalachiana gametophytes among six populations that spanned the species' geographic range in the Appalachian Mountains and Plateau. Temperature, survival, and senescence rates were measured for 1 year.KEY RESULTS:Populations had significantly different fitness responses to different sites, consistent with the hypothesis that populations have differentiated across the species' range. There was some evidence for local adaptation in marginal populations and for countergradient selection favoring particularly robust genotypes at the northern range edge. Most populations had relatively high fitness at the site with the most stable temperature conditions and were negatively affected by decreasing minimum temperatures.CONCLUSIONS:Populations of Vittaria appalachiana exhibit highly variable responses to transplantation across the species' range, and only a small subset of these responses are due to local adaptation. Differences in daily minimum temperature explain some variation in fitness, but other site‐specific factors also have significant impacts on transplant fitness. These results indicate that asexual, patchily distributed species with limited dispersal may exhibit population‐specific responses to global climate change that have not been elucidated by empirical work focused on sexually reproducing angiosperms.
Association of genetic and phenotypic variability with geography and climate in three southern California oaks
Authors: Riordan Erin C. , Gugger Paul F. , Ortego Joaquín , Smith Carrie , Gaddis Keith , Thompson Pam , Sork Victoria L. 
Published: January 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Geography and climate shape the distribution of organisms, their genotypes, and their phenotypes. To understand historical and future evolutionary and ecological responses to climate, we compared the association of geography and climate of three oak species (Quercus engelmannii, Quercus berberidifolia, and Quercus cornelius‐mulleri) in an environmentally heterogeneous region of southern California at three organizational levels: regional species distributions, genetic variation, and phenotypic variation.METHODS:We identified climatic variables influencing regional distribution patterns using species distribution models (SDMs), and then tested whether those individual variables are important in shaping genetic (microsatellite) and phenotypic (leaf morphology) variation. We estimated the relative contributions of geography and climate using multivariate redundancy analyses (RDA) with variance partitioning.KEY RESULTS:The modeled distribution of each species was influenced by climate differently. Our analysis of genetic variation using RDA identified small but significant associations between genetic variation with climate and geography in Q. engelmannii and Q. cornelius‐mulleri, but not in Q. berberidifolia, and climate explained more of the variation. Our analysis of phenotypic variation in Q. engelmannii indicated that climate had more impact than geography, but not in Q. berberidifolia. Throughout our analyses, we did not find a consistent pattern in effects of individual climatic variables.CONCLUSIONS:Our comparative analysis illustrates that climate influences tree response at all organizational levels, but the important climate factors vary depending on the level and on the species. Because of these species‐specific and level‐specific responses, today's sympatric species are unlikely to have similar distributions in the future.