bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endemism Centres of the Five Richest Vascular Epiphyte Families in the Neotropics
Authors: Carmona‐Higuita Maria Judith , Mendieta‐Leiva Glenda , Gómez‐Díaz Jorge Antonio , Villalobos Fabricio , Ramos Flavio Nunes , Elias João Pedro Costa , Jiménez‐López Derio Antonio , Zuluaga Alejandro , Holst Bruce , Kessler Michael , Mathieu Guido , Zizka Alexander , Zotz Gerhard , Krömer Thorsten 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimEndemic species, characterised by limited geographic ranges, face a high risk of extinction. The neotropical region harbours diverse ecosystems and a substantial number of endemic species, thus identifying areas of high endemism is crucial for protecting unique and threatened species and ecosystems. Vascular epiphytes—nonparasitic plants that grow on other plants without contact with the soil—exhibit remarkable diversity in the neotropics, with 63% of the global total of ca. 31,000 epiphyte species found in this region. This study aims to describe the endemism centres for the five most species‐rich families of vascular epiphytes.LocationNeotropics.TaxonTracheophyta.MethodsWe gathered information from free‐access web repositories, specific epiphytic plant databases and scientific and grey literature on epiphyte species of the families Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, Piperaceae and Polypodiaceae within the neotropical realm as defined by Morrone et al. (2022). Geographical ranges were calculated using minimum convex polygons for 11,446 species, accounting for about 70% of all epiphyte species in the neotropics. Narrow endemic species were defined as those within the first quartile of the density distribution of geographic range sizes within each family and we identified endemism centres for epiphyte species of the five families.ResultsOur study identified endemism centres for vascular epiphyte species in several biogeographic provinces, including Paramo, Cauca, Guatuso‐Talamanca, Atlantic, Yungas and Puntarenas‐Chiriqui. Orchidaceae, accounting for most of the analysed species (71%), drove the overall distribution pattern; however, endemism patterns varied among families.Main ConclusionsRegions with high epiphyte richness exhibited a greater proportion of endemic species, though the composition of epiphyte species varied considerably among regions. The endemism centres identified in this study could be prioritised as conserved and protected areas.
Phylogeography of the Red‐Headed Manakin Supports the River‐Refuge Hypothesis
Authors: Mikkelsen Else , Lavareda Diogo , Vallinoto Marcelo , Aleixo Alexandre , Weir Jason 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe Amazon rainforest is one of the most biodiverse regions on earth, but our understanding of the processes that have shaped its patterns of diversity remains incomplete. One hypothesis for Amazonian speciation is the river‐refuge hypothesis, which suggests that retraction of forests away from the periphery of Amazonia, where rivers are narrow, facilitated divergence of populations separated by wide rivers. Later re‐expansion of forests would have allowed secondary contact between these populations, and co‐occurring hybrid zones may reveal the location where expanding forests first reconnected. Here, we test whether a widespread Amazonian songbird species shows evidence of population contact zones in the eastern headwaters of the Tapajós river, hypothesised to be an area of secondary contact under the river‐refuge hypothesis.LocationAmazon and Atlantic forests of South America.TaxonCeratopipra rubrocapilla (Pipridae, Passeriformes).MethodsWe sampled 147 C. rubrocapilla (Red‐headed Manakin) across its vast range, with 70 samples sequenced using reduced‐representation genomic sequencing and 139 sequenced at the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. We use population genetic and phylogenetic analyses to investigate patterns of gene flow and population structure across the range, with a particular focus on samples from the headwaters of the Tapajós River to evaluate the potential role of the river‐refuge hypothesis.ResultsWe observe shallow population structure and evidence for widespread gene flow across the range of C. rubrocapilla. Patterns in the Tapajós headwaters match predictions of the river‐refuge hypothesis, with eastern headwater samples most similar to samples farther west on the opposite bank of the Tapajós River.Main ConclusionsThe close co‐occurrence between population contact zones within C. rubrocapilla and other previously studied hybrid zones reinforces the hypothesis that the eastern Tapajós headwaters is where rainforest populations reconnected in the past, following predictions of the river‐refuge hypothesis of Amazonian speciation.
Neural network‐assisted localization of clustered point spread functions in single‐molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Choudhury Pranjal , Boruah Bosanta R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSingle‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), which has revolutionized nanoscale imaging, faces challenges in densely labelled samples due to fluorophore clustering, leading to compromised localization accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel convolutional neural network (CNN)‐assisted approach to address the issue of locating the clustered fluorophores. Our CNN is trained on a diverse data set of simulated SMLM images where it learns to predict point spread function (PSF) locations by generating Gaussian blobs as output. Through rigorous evaluation, we demonstrate significant improvements in PSF localization accuracy, especially in densely labelled samples where traditional methods struggle. In addition, we employ blob detection as a post‐processing technique to refine the predicted PSF locations and enhance localization precision. Our study underscores the efficacy of CNN in addressing clustering challenges in SMLM, thereby advancing spatial resolution and enabling deeper insights into complex biological structures.
Difference between sentinel and non‐sentinel lymph nodes in the distribution of dendritic cells and macrophages: An immunohistochemical and morphometric study using gastric regional nodes obtained in sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer
Authors: Sonoda Tomohiro , Arigami Takaaki , Aoki Masaya , Matsushita Daisuke , Shimonosono Masataka , Tsuruda Yusuke , Sasaki Ken , Ohtsuka Takao , Murakami Gen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe sentinel lymph node (SN) concept has a significant impact on cancer surgery. We aimed to examine which morphology of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages corresponds to “preconditioning” of the SN against cancer. Although macrophages are generally able to tolerate cancer metastasis, the CD169‐positive subtype is believed to be a limited exception. Immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses were performed to examine DC‐SIGN‐, CD68‐, and CD169‐positive cells in SNs and non‐SNs of 23 patients with gastric cancer with or without nodal metastasis. All patients survived for >5 years without recurrence. DCs were present in the subcapsular, paracortical, and medullary sinuses, the endothelia of which expressed DC‐SIGN and smooth muscle actin (SMA). In the non‐SNs of patients without metastasis, subcapsular DCs occupied a larger area than SNs, and this difference was statistically significant. Conversely, subcapsular DCs were likely to have migrated to the paracortical area of the SNs. DC clusters often overlapped with macrophage clusters; however, histiocytosis‐like clusters of CD169‐negative macrophages showed a smaller overlap. We found a significantly larger overlap between DC‐SIGN and CD169‐positive clusters in SNs than in non‐SNs; the larger overlap seemed to correspond to a higher cross‐presentation of cancer antigens between these cell populations. DC‐SIGN–CD169‐double positive cells might exist within this overlap. SNs in gastric cancers are usually preconditioned as a frontier of cancer immunity, but they may sometimes be suppressed earlier than non‐SNs. DC‐SIGN‐ and CD169‐positive cells appeared to decrease owing to a long lag time from the primary lesion occurrence and a short distance from the metastasis.
A mixed‐method exploratory study of weight‐based mistreatment at work
Authors: Lemmon Grace , Jensen Jaclyn M. , Kuljanin Goran , Chu‐Jacoby Renee 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcross two studies, this exploratory research examines stigma faced by larger‐bodied people by exploring the phenomenon of weight‐based mistreatment (WBM), defined as interpersonal disrespect levied on a person explicitly due to their larger body size, at work. Through qualitative research we first describe distinct forms of WBM experienced by 175 self‐defined overweight US employees, as well as consequences of WBM for bullied targets and their organizations. Next, through a quantitative survey distributed to a separate sample of larger‐bodied workers, our exploratory evaluation of WBM found that it is all‐too common in many forms, including overt and covert aggression, microaggression, incivility, and benevolent, yet disrespectful comments oriented around a person's weight. One or more forms of these behaviours were experienced by 75% of our 1008‐person sample, with overt and covert aggression being most common, and coworkers most often perpetrating WBM. Drawing on objectification theory, we observe a host of harmful consequences ranging from diminished engagement, worsened professional interactions, and a lack of self‐care. Altogether, results reveal WBM is a substantial problem, and thus they serve as a call to action for HR professionals, managers, and inclusion advocates to better understand the experiences of this vulnerable population.
Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction and laboratory predictor of activity in children with ulcerative colitis: A single‐centre study
Authors: Behairy Ahmed Said , Hussein Gehan , Afifi Ahmed , Michel Mary , Hasnoon Amera M 
Published: October 2024

AimWe aimed to detect subclinical cardiac impairment in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) and test the association between absolute monocytic count (AMC) and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) with disease activity.MethodsA group of children with UC and a comparable group as healthy controls were included. All children underwent history‐taking, clinical examination and blood testing for complete blood counts with white blood cell differentials, LMR and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Disease severity was assessed using the Paediatric UC Activity Index score. We used echocardiography for tissue Doppler, M‐Mode, two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for left ventricular function assessment.ResultsForty children were included, 20 with UC as cases, and 20 healthy controls. Disease activity was mild in 75% cases and moderate in 25% cases. Cases had significantly higher ESR than the control group (P < 0.001). Among cases, positive correlations were observed between monocytic, and platelet counts with left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (r = 0.5, P = 0.02; r = 0.5, P = 0.03). Children with UC had significantly lower ejection fraction and impaired left ventricular systolic function compared to the control group (P < 0.001) assessed by 3D STE, yet this observation was not reached by the conventional method (P = 0.3).ConclusionsIn children with UC, 3D STE could detect subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction that conventional echocardiography could not. AMC and LMR showed no significant difference between children with UC and controls.
Radiographs are of limited use and low cost‐effectiveness when combined with ultrasound for abdominal restaging in dogs with solid, soft tissue tumours
Authors: Bevelock T. J. , Skinner O. T. , Baumgardner R. M. , Dean L. , Matheson J. S. , Mickelson M. A. , Donnelly L. L. , Hutcheson K. D. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to assess the frequency of detection of clinically relevant findings by abdominal radiographs and abdominal ultrasound during restaging of solid, soft tissue tumours in dogs and to determine the cost per clinically relevant finding for both modalities.Materials and MethodsThe medical records of 159 dogs which underwent a total of 223 restaging episodes following a diagnosis of a solid, soft tissue tumour within, or with potential for metastasis to, the abdomen were reviewed. Data collected from the sample dogs were reviewed for clinically relevant findings, including local recurrence, lymph node or intra‐abdominal metastasis, and other changes that would influence prognosis or management. The clinically relevant findings were compared between abdominal radiographs and abdominal ultrasound. The cost per clinically relevant finding was calculated per modality based on current hospital costs.ResultsClinically relevant findings were observed in 158 restaging episodes. Ninety‐two clinically relevant findings were detected with ultrasound alone, and 65 clinically relevant findings were detected with a combination of both modalities. Only one dog had a clinically relevant finding detected with radiographs alone. Findings were identified significantly more frequently with ultrasound than radiographs. Cost per clinically relevant finding was 495 USD (approx. 373 GBP/448 EUR) for abdominal radiographs and 323 USD (approx. 242 GBP/292 EUR) for abdominal ultrasound.Clinical SignificanceAbdominal radiographs were of minimal use beyond abdominal ultrasound for restaging in this study, despite a higher cost per clinically relevant finding than abdominal ultrasound. This study does not support routine use of abdominal radiographs during routine restaging of solid, soft tissue tumours.
Medical dissolution of presumptive upper urinary tract struvite uroliths in 6 dogs (2012‐2018)
Authors: Manoharan Sindumani A. , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick W. , Purdon Kira , Bagley Demetrius 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive approaches are the standard for treatment of upper urinary tract uroliths in humans.ObjectiveTo describe the medical dissolution of upper urinary tract uroliths in a series of dogs and report clinical outcomes.Animals6 female dogs (9 kidneys).MethodsRetrospective case series. A review of medical records in dogs that underwent medical dissolution of upper urinary tract uroliths utilizing diet, administration of antibiotics, and double‐pigtail ureteral stent(s) placement, when indicated, was performed. Medical management was generally continued for 4 weeks beyond urolith dissolution. Information on biochemical, microbiological, imaging, and clinical outcomes before and after dissolution were recorded.ResultsSix dogs (9 kidneys) were included with bilateral (3) or unilateral (3) nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, or a combination. A ureteral stent(s) was placed endoscopically in 5/6 dogs (6/9 kidneys) for obstructive ureterolithiasis (n = 5) or a nonobstructive massive nephrolith (n = 1). All dogs had a positive urine culture of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius with a median urine pH of 7.25 (range, 6.5‐8) and 4/5 had pyonephrosis. All dogs had initial evidence of urolith dissolution at a median of 1.1 months (range, 0.42‐5.9), with complete dissolution of ureteroliths at a median of 3.9 months (range, 1.5‐7.6), nephroliths at 5.3 months (range, 1.5‐7.6), and lower urinary tract uroliths at 0.87 months (range, 0.42‐5.9). Stents were removed in 3/6 once dissolution was documented. The median follow‐up time was 519 days (range, 177‐2492 days).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceMedical dissolution and decompression of upper urinary tract struvite uroliths should be considered a minimally invasive treatment for dogs before more invasive options.
Histone Deacetylase 3 Is Involved in Maintaining Queen Hallmarks of a Termite
Authors: Okwaro Louis Allan , Korb Judith 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe role of epigenetics in regulating caste polyphenism in social insects has been debated. Here, we tested the importance of histone de/acetylation processes for the maintenance of queen hallmarks like a high fecundity and a long lifespan. To this end, we performed RNA interference experiments against histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in the termite Cryptotermes secundus. Fat body transcriptomes and chemical communication profiles revealed that silencing of HDAC3 leads to signals indicative of queen hallmarks. This includes fostering of queen signalling, defence against ageing and a reduction of life‐shortening IIS (insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signalling) and endocrine JH (juvenile hormone) signalling via Kr‐h1 (Krüppel‐homologue 1). These observed patterns were similar to those of a protein‐enriched diet, which might imply that histone acetylation conveys nutritional effects. Strikingly, in contrast to solitary insects, reduced endocrine JH signalling had no negative effect on fecundity‐related vitellogenesis in the fat bodies. This suggests an uncoupling of longevity pathways from fecundity in fat bodies, which can help explain queens' extraordinary lifespans combined with high fecundity.
Small ubiquitin‐like modifier protease gene TaDSU enhances salt tolerance of wheat
Authors: Xiao Guilian , Jiang Zhengning , Xing Tian , Chen Ye , Zhang Hongjian , Qian Jiajia , Wang Xiutang , Wang Yanxia , Xia Guangmin , Wang Mengcheng 
Published: October 2024

Summary
To identify efficient salt‐tolerant genes is beneficial for coping with the penalty of salt stress on crop yield. Reversible conjugation (sumoylation and desumoylation) of Small Ubiquitin‐Like Modifier (SUMO) is a crucial kind of protein modifications, but its roles in the response to salt and other abiotic stress are not well addressed.
Here, we identify salt‐tolerant SUMO protease gene TaDSU for desumoylation from wheat, and analyze its mechanism in salt tolerance and evaluate its role in yield in saline–alkaline fields.
TaDSU overexpression enhances salt tolerance of wheat. TaDSU overexpressors have lower Na+ but higher K+ contents and consequently higher K+ : Na+ ratios than the wild‐type under salt stress. TaDSU interacts with transcriptional factor MYC2, reduces the sumoylation level of SUMO1‐conjugated MYC2, and promotes its transcription activity. MYC2 binds to the promoter of TaDSU and elevates its expression. TaDSU overexpression enhances grain yield of wheat in the saline soil without growth penalty in the normal field. Especially, TaDSU ectopic expression also enhances salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana, showing this SUMO protease allele has the inter‐species role in the adaptation to salt stress.
Thus, TaDSU is an efficient candidate gene for molecular breeding of salt‐tolerant crops.
Attention, working memory, and inhibitory control in aging: Comparing amateur singers, instrumentalists, and active controls
Authors: Joyal Marilyne , Sicard Alexandre , Penhune Virginia , Jackson Philip L. , Tremblay Pascale 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the ubiquity of musical activities, little is known about the specificity of their association with executive functions. In this cross‐sectional study, we examined this relationship as a function of age. Our main hypotheses were that executive functions would decline in older age, that this relationship would be reduced in singers and instrumentalists compared to nonmusician active controls, and that the amount of musical experience would be more strongly associated with executive functions compared to the specific type of activity. A sample of 122 cognitively healthy adults aged 20–88 years was recruited, consisting of 39 amateur singers, 43 amateur instrumentalists, and 40 nonmusician controls. Tests of auditory processing speed, auditory selective attention, auditory and visual inhibitory control, and auditory working memory were administered. The results confirm a negative relationship between age and executive functions. While musicians’ advantages were found in selective attention, inhibitory control, and auditory working memory, these advantages were specific rather than global. Furthermore, most of these advantages were independent of age and experience. Finally, there were only limited differences between instrumentalists and singers, suggesting that the relationship between music‐making activities and executive functions may be, at least in part, general as opposed to activity‐specific.
Potential pathways to the onset and development of eating disorders in people with overweight and obesity: A scoping review
Authors: Khalid Rabia , Lister Natalie B. , Paxton Susan J. , Maguire Sarah , Libesman Sol , Seidler Anna L. , Cooper Kelly , Quigley Fiona , Yourell Jacqlyn , Baur Louise A. , Jebeile Hiba 
Published: October 2024

SummaryObjectiveTo describe pathways to eating disorder (ED) development that have been evaluated in people with overweight and obesity.MethodsFour databases were searched to identify studies testing ED development models in adolescents (10–19 years) or adults (>19 years) with overweight and obesity. Explanatory variables were thematically grouped into constructs to describe pathways to each ED outcome.ResultsOf 2226 studies screened, 46 (10 adolescent; 36 adult) were included. Study samples were predominantly female, ranging from 22 to 2236 participants and mean age 12.3 to 56.0 years. In total, 207 explanatory variables were grouped into 18 constructs to summarize 107 pathways that were identified. The most common ED outcome was binge eating (n = 24 studies), followed by global ED psychopathology (n = 10 studies). Across pathways to ED development, negative affect was the most proposed construct, followed by preoccupation with weight/shape and weight stigma.ConclusionPathways to ED development in people with overweight and obesity are complex and may include more than 18 different explanatory factors of which negative affect, preoccupation with weight/shape, and weight stigma are the most common. More research on adolescents, males, and the spectrum of ED in diverse populations is required for early identification and intervention.
Effects of orthokeratology and spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets on unilateral myopic anisometropia control
Authors: Zhai Jing , Fang Wei , Zhang Yunjie , Lian Hengli , Hou Lijie , Shen Meixiao , Lu Fan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the 1‐year effects of orthokeratology (OK) lenses and spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HALs) on axial length (AL) elongation in children with unilateral myopic anisometropia.MethodsThis ambispective cohort study recruited 81 children aged 8–14 years with unilateral myopic anisometropia. Of these, 42 participants (mean age 11.07 ± 1.54 years; 23 males) were treated with monocular OK lenses (OK group), and 39 (mean age 10.64 ± 1.72 years; 22 males) with binocular HALs (HAL group). Changes in AL and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) from baseline at 3, 6 and 12 months were compared between eyes and groups. Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed to analyse the risk of myopia onset in the initially non‐myopic eyes.ResultsMean axial elongation in the myopic and non‐myopic eyes at the 12‐month follow‐up visit were 0.17 ± 0.20 and 0.41 ± 0.26 mm in the OK group (p < 0.001) and 0.10 ± 0.15 and 0.12 ± 0.12 mm in the HAL group (p = 0.32), respectively. Compared with the OK group, the non‐myopic eyes in the HAL group had less axial elongation, lower cumulative myopia incidence and percentage of participants with rapid myopic shift at the 6‐ and 12 month follow‐up (all p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that a higher initial SER decreased the risk of myopia onset significantly in the initially non‐myopic eyes (B = −2.06; 95% CI, 0.03–0.49; p = 0.003).ConclusionsMonocular OK lenses suppressed axial elongation in the myopic eye and minimised anisometropia; however, the non‐treated contralateral eye may experience faster myopia onset and myopic shift. Binocular HALs can effectively reduce axial elongation in both eyes of children with unilateral myopic anisometropia.