bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive longevity and DNA virus-driven adaptation in nearcticMyotisbats
Authors: Vazquez Juan M , Lauterbur M. Elise , Mottaghinia Saba , Bucci Melanie , Fraser Devaughn , Gray-Sandoval Genavieve , Gaucherand Léa , Haidar Zeinab R , Han Melissa , Kohler William , Lama Tanya M. , Le Corf Amandine , Loyer Clara , Maesen Sarah , McMillan Dakota , Li Stacy , Lo Johnathan , Rey Carine , Capel Samantha LR , Singer Michael , Slocum Kathleen , Thomas William , Debelak Tyburec Janet , Villa Sarah , Miller Richard , Buchalski Michael , Vazquez-Medina Jose Pablo , Pfeffer Sébastien , Etienne Lucie , Enard David , Sudmant Peter H 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe genusMyotisis one of the largest clades of bats, and exhibits some of the most extreme variation in lifespans among mammals alongside unique adaptations to viral tolerance and immune defense. To study the evolution of longevity-associated traits and infectious disease, we generated near-complete genome assemblies and cell lines for 8 closely related species ofMyotis. Using genome-wide screens of positive selection, analyses of structural variation, and functional experiments in primary cell lines, we identify new patterns of adaptation contributing to longevity, cancer resistance, and viral interactions in bats. We find thatMyotisbats have some of the most significant variation in cancer risk across mammals and demonstrate a unique DNA damage response in primary cells of the long-livedM. lucifugus. We also find evidence of abundant adaptation in response to DNA viruses - but not RNA viruses - inMyotisand other bats in sharp contrast with other mammals, potentially contributing to the role of bats as reservoirs of zoonoses. Together, our results demonstrate how genomics and primary cells derived from diverse taxa uncover the molecular bases of extreme adaptations in non-model organisms.
Relative effectiveness of high-dose vs standard-dose influenza vaccines in preventing hospitalizations: a national retrospective cohort study in France, 2022/23 season
Authors: Bricout Hélène , Levant Marie-Cécile , Crépey Pascal , Gavazzi Gaëtan , Gaillat Jacques , Dufournet Marie , Assi Nada , Grenier Benjamin , Raguideau Fanny , Péretz Fabienne , Salamand Camille , Mosnier Anne , Watier Laurence , Launay Odile , Loiaconol Matthew M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundA French retrospective observational cohort study conducted during the 2021/22 influenza season found that the high-dose influenza vaccine (HD) was more effective than standard-dose vaccines (SDs) in preventing influenza-related hospitalizations in the elderly. The study continued during the 2022/23 season to obtain more accurate results and validate the findings during a different influenza season.Material and methodsData from community-dwelling 65+ adults vaccinated with HD or SD during the 2022/23 vaccination campaign were extracted from the National Health database. Hospitalizations were recorded from 14 days after vaccination until 30 June 2023. HD and SD recipients were matched using a propensity score with an exact constraint on age, sex, vaccination week, and geographical region. Associations between vaccines and hospitalizations (influenza or non-influenza related) were assessed by estimating incidence rate ratios and converting them to HD vs SD vaccine relative effectiveness (rVE).Results675,412 HD recipients were matched to 2,701,648 SD recipients. The HD vs SD rVE for influenza-related hospitalizations was 27.39% [95%CI: 19.79;34.27]. It ranged from 22.65% [9.84;33.64] to 33.55% [21.19;43.98] across age groups, indicating that HD resulted in consistently better protection than SDs against influenza-related hospitalizations in all age groups, with the highest effect observed in 85+.ConclusionOur study is the first to publish rVE data comparing HD and SD in France, for the 2022/23 influenza season. Its findings reaffirm the benefit of HD vs SD in reducing influenza-related hospitalizations in a real-world setting. HD could help reduce the burden of severe respiratory infections in the elderly.Registration number: Not applicable.HighlightsTake-home messageIn France, during the 2022/23 influenza season, the high-dose vaccine has reduced influenza-related hospitalizations by 27.4% compared to standard-dose vaccines among community-dwelling 65+ adults, with a clinical benefit observed across all age groups.
Some markers of placental inflammation in pregnant women with gestational diabetes
Authors: De Luccia Thiago Paes de Barros 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundanalysis of fetal/placental components of women with gestational diabetes presented a slightly inflammatory profile, compared with non-diabetic pregnant women in previous studies by our group. Leptin, resistin and IL-6 are involved in the inflammatory process while adiponectin can act in anti-inflammatory processes.PurposeSince both obesity and gestational diabetes are associated with inflammatory conditions, through these mediators we seek to evaluate systemic patterns in pregnant women and fetal patterns of this possible inflammation.Materials and MethodsThree adipokines (leptin, resistin and adiponectin) and one cytokine (IL-6) were studied in three different compartments (maternal serum, fetal serum and amniotic membrane culture supernatant). Four pregnant groups were analyzed (eutrophic, overweight, obese and gestational diabetics (GDM)). Maternal and fetal serum and amnion membrane biopsies were collected from 20 GDM and 28 normoglycemic subjects (Controls) who underwent elective cesarean sections.ResultsWe found a higher production of IL-6 in the culture supernatant of the amniotic membrane of obese pregnant women and more significantly in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. We did not observe correlation between the levels of mediators detected in the three compartments (mother serum, fetal serum and culture supernatant of amniotic membrane).ConclusionMainly in the amniotic membrane of pregnant women with GDM, a slight increase in inflammatory markers was observed.
Wearable Sensing in Eating Episode Monitoring: An Updated Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Zhou Jiaying , Cai Mingzhu , Shi Mayue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionObjective and accurate dietary monitoring is critical for comprehensive dietary assessment and improving nutritional health outcomes. The rapid development of wearable sensing technology presents a promising solution for effective dietary monitoring that reduces recall bias and increases user convenience, contributing to clinical chronic disease management and nutritional research. This systematic review aims to explore the effectiveness and practicality of wearable sensors in monitoring dietary behaviours, while also examining the latest advancements in the field since 2020.Methods and AnalysisAdhering to PRISMA-P guidelines, we will conduct a comprehensive search across MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, IEEExplore, and Web of Science for research published between January 2020 and January 2024 Studies that involved human participants using wearable sensors for monitoring dietary intake will be included. However, studies solely discussing the development of algorithms or applications for these sensors will be excluded. Our review outcomes focused on evaluating the design of the sensors, their performance metrics, and user experience.Ethics and DisseminationFindings of this systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences, and seminar presentations. The data used does not include individual patient data, so no ethical approval is required.Systematic Review Registration NumberPROSPERO Registration ID: CRD42024531570Strengths and Limitations of This Study1. This study will update the latest advancements in wearable sensing devices for monitoring food intake published from 2020 to date.2. This study follows a PICOS framework to formulate research questions and inclusion/exclusion criteria.3. This study uses a well-structured search strategy, using MeSH and equivalent terms to search across five medical and engineering databases to provide a precise, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary perspective on the topic.4. The nature of the available data precludes the possibility of conducting a meta-analysis, limiting the ability to quantitatively synthesize study findings. However, the narrative data synthesis adheres to the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines, ensuring a structured approach to qualitatively integrating study outcomes.5. The inclusion criteria were restricted to peer-reviewed journals published in English. This excludes potentially relevant conference papers and studies published in other languages, which may limit the comprehensiveness of the analysis.
Determinants of Antibody Levels and Protection against Omicron BQ.1/XBB Breakthrough Infection
Authors: Pérez Carla Martín , Ramírez-Morros Anna , Jimenez Alfons , Vidal Marta , Pradenas Edwards , Barrios Diana , Canyelles Mar , Rubio Rocío , Cuamba Inocencia , Izquierdo Luis , Santamaria Pere , Trinité Benjamin , Vidal-Alaball Josep , Molinos-Albert Luis M. , Blanco Julià , Aguilar Ruth , Ruiz-Comellas Anna , Moncunill Gemma , Dobaño Carlota 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, particularly through the emergence of new variants, continues to challenge our understanding of immune protection. While antibody levels correlate with protection against earlier variants like Alpha and Delta, their relationship with Omicron sub-variants remains unclear. To investigate the role of antibody levels and neutralizing activity in preventing breakthrough infections, we analyzed longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 humoral responses and neutralizing activity against the ancestral virus and major emerging variants in a well-characterized cohort of healthcare workers in Spain (N = 405). We found that antibody levels and neutralization titers are key indicators of protection against SARS-CoV-2, including the BQ.1 and XBB Omicron variants. Higher IgG and IgA levels were associated with protection over three 6-month follow-up periods sequentially dominated by BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BQ.1, and XBB Omicron sub-variants, although the strength of the association between antibody levels and protection declined over time. Our findings demonstrate that binding antibody levels and neutralizing responses are a valid correlate of protection against more evasive BQ.1 and XBB Omicron variants, although the strength of this association declined over time. Additionally, our results underscore the importance of continuous monitoring and updating vaccination strategies to maintain effective protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Feasibility trial of a new digital training package to enhance primary care practitioners’ communication of clinical empathy and realistic optimism
Authors: Bishop Felicity L , Howick Jeremy , Vennik Jane , Bostock Jennifer , Little Paul , Mallen Christian , Morrison Leanne , Steele Mary , Stuart Beth , Hughes Stephanie , Smith Kirsten , Ratnapalan Mohana , Lyness Emily , Dambha-Miller Hajira , Tiwari Riya , Lockyer-Stevens Clare , Everitt Hazel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients can benefit when primary care practitioners communicate clinical empathy and optimism during consultations, but previous training interventions for practitioners are overly time-consuming and evidence on patient outcomes is limited. This study assessed the feasibility of a cluster-randomized controlled trial in UK general practice to evaluate effects of a new brief digital learning package in empathy and optimism (EMPathicO) for primary care practitioners.MethodsThe study ran January to October 2020, with COVID-19 related modifications (mostly, practitioner and patient data had to be collected separately) from March 2020. 9 practices and 12 primary care practitioners recruited from UK (Southern England, Midlands). 12 practitioners completed EMPathicO training and 11 completed qualitative telephone interviews. Patients recruited through social media completed web-based questionnaires at baseline (<2 weeks post- consultation) and 2-week follow-up (n=437). Purposively sampled patients completed qualitative telephone interviews (n=30). Data analysed descriptively and thematically.ResultsPractitioners were keen to reflect on and enhance communication skills and were willing to undertake digital training, even during COVID-19 pandemic. However, some practices and practitioners would have declined if video-recording consultations was a mandatory aid to reflection during training. Practitioners found EMPathicO brief, relevant and engaging and could implement techniques taught in the training. Patients found the online questionnaires acceptable, though retention was suboptimal at 57%; minor easily remedied feasibility and process issues were identified (including incentivizing participation); and patients were enthusiastic about research to improve communication.ConclusionsAn agile research strategy enabled useful feasibility data to be collected despite the challenges of the COVID pandemic. It is feasible to proceed to a full trial of the effects of EMPathicO on patient outcomes in primary care, if video-recording consultations is optional not mandatory.Feasibility work to develop and test sophisticated questionnaire structures is valuable when planning primary care patient surveys.
Untargeted viral metagenomics of indoor air as a novel surveillance tool for respiratory, enteric and skin viruses
Authors: Karatas Mustafa , Geenen Caspar , Keyaerts Els , Budts Lore , Raymenants Joren , Eggers Charlotte , Craessaerts Bastiaan , André Emmanuel , Matthijnssens Jelle 
Published: October 2024

SummaryConventional hospital-based infectious disease surveillance struggles to detect mild or asymptomatic infections and incurs high costs for large-scale testing during outbreaks. In contrast, environmental surveillance can effectively monitor viral circulation and capture asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections that may otherwise go unnoticed. This longitudinal study explores the use of indoor air, in combination with targeted qPCR panels and untargeted viral metagenomics, as a novel virus surveillance tool. Indoor air samples were collected weekly from a daycare center in Leuven, Belgium, over a 12-month period using active indoor air sampling, followed by screening using respiratory and enteric qPCR panels, as well as untargeted viral metagenomics.Human-associated viruses were detected in 95.2% (40/42) of samples, with MW polyomavirus being the most prevalent at 80.9%. Several other respiratory viruses (e.g., rhinoviruses, RSV-B) and enteric viruses (e.g.. rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus) were identified, correlating with their known epidemiological circulation patterns. Metagenomics resulted in multiple complete viral genome reconstructions, allowing discrimination of viral subtypes and the identification of coinfections with closely related virus variants. Finally, a plethora of animal, insect, fungal and plant-infecting viruses could be detected, representing the indoor and outdoor environment. Indoor air surveillance can be a robust complementary tool for virus surveillance.
KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION ABOUT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS IN TRADITIONAL QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITIES IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL
Authors: de Campos Mariel Rodrigues , Carvalho Larissa Helena Sousa Baldez , Campos Ana Julya Rodrigues , Côra Gabriel Rodrigues , Machado Rayane Alves , Elehamer Nafisa M.K , Villa Luisa Lina , de Ribamar Ross José , Vidal Flávia Castello Branco 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe study analyzed knowledge about Human Papillomavirus among adults in traditional quilombola communities in northeast Brazil while discussing their sociodemographic characteristics and evaluating sociodemographic variables among different quilombola communities. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative mixed-method study, with face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire application. There is a significant gap in the precise understanding of HPV. Most information was acquired through traditional media, such as TV, newspapers, and radio. Women and younger individuals demonstrated more comprehensive knowledge of the subject. The results highlight the need for specific instructions to improve knowledge about HPV in these communities, with strategies adapted to their sociodemographic characteristics. Enhanced understanding of HPV and the importance of vaccination can significantly contribute to the health and well-being of these populations, decreasing health disparities. With better knowledge about HPV and its consequences, the vaccination rate will increase, which in the long term will mean a reduction in the incidence of cancer cases associated with this virus, especially cervical cancer.
Dissecting the genetic and proteomic risk factors for delirium
Authors: Raptis Vasilis , Bhak Youngjune , Cannings Timothy I , MacLullich Alasdair M. J. , Tenesa Albert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDelirium is an acute change in cognition, common in hospitalised older adults, and associated with high healthcare and human cost. In this work we shed light into the currently poorly understood genetic and proteomic background of delirium. We conducted the largest to date multi-ancestry analysis of genetic variants associated with delirium (1,059,130 individuals, 11,931 cases), yielding theApolipoprotein E(APOE) gene as a strong risk factor with possible population and age-varying effects. A multi-trait analysis of delirium with Alzheimer disease identified 5 delirium genetic risk loci. Investigation of plasma proteins associated with up to 16-years incident delirium (32,652 individuals, 541 cases) revealed known and novel protein biomarkers, implicating brain vulnerability, inflammation and immune response processes. Integrating proteins andAPOEgenetic risk with demographics significantly improved incident delirium prediction compared to demographics alone. Our results pave the way to better understanding delirium’s aetiology and guiding further research on clinically relevant biomarkers.
Predictors of Burnout Among Academic Family Medicine Faculty: Looking Back to Plan forward
Authors: Antao Viola , Krueger Paul , Meaney Christopher , Kwong Jeffrey C. , White David 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify the prevalence and predictors of burnout among academic family medicine faculty.DesignA comprehensive survey of academic family medicine faculty on burnout, perceptions of work life, and practice in 2011.SettingA large, distributed Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto.ParticipantsAll 1029 faculty members were invited to participate.Main outcome measuresMaslach Burnout Inventory three subscales (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment).ResultsThe survey response rate was 66.8% (687/1029). The prevalence of high emotional exhaustion scores was 27.0% and high depersonalization was 9.2%, whereas the prevalence of high personal accomplishment scores was 99.4%. Bivariate analyses identified 27 variables associated with emotional exhaustion and 18 variables associated with depersonalization, including: ratings of the practice setting; leadership and mentorship experiences; job satisfaction; health status; and demographic variables. Multivariate analyses found four predictors of emotional exhaustion: lower ratings of job satisfaction, poorer ratings of workplace quality, working ≥50 hrs/week, and poorer ratings of health status. Predictors of depersonalization included lower ratings of job satisfaction, ≤5 years in practice, lower ratings of health status, and poor ratings of mentorship received.ConclusionsThis study describes the prevalence and predictors of burnout among physicians prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Predictors that are potentially modifiable at local practice and systems levels include job satisfaction, workplace quality, hours worked, and mentorship received. New family physicians (≤5 years in practice) were at increased risk of depersonalization; strategies specific to this group may limit burnout and address the healthcare workforce crisis. Periodic studies are recommended to identify the impact of strategies implemented, emergent predictors, trends, and mitigating factors associated with burnout. The current crisis in family medicine indicates an urgent need to look back and plan forward.
Epidemiology of Cannabis Use Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Livne Ofir , Stohl Malka , Gilman Jodi , Goldberg Terry E. , Wall MM , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTImportanceStudies report disproportionate increases in cannabis use among middle-aged (50-64) and older (65+) U.S. adults, groups particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects. However, national data on attitudes towards cannabis use and legalization, as well as prevalences of key cannabis-related behaviors are lacking for these groups.ObjectiveTo present national prevalences of past-year any cannabis use, medical use, consumption methods, and other important use-related behaviors, and attitudes toward use, as well as associations of such behaviors and attitudes to cannabis use among U.S. adults ages 50 and older.DesignCross-sectional data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used to calculate weighted prevalences for all cannabis measures by primary age groups (50-64, ≥65) as well as two specified older age groups (65-74, ≥75) and sex. Associations between sociodemographics and cannabis use were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported past-year cannabis use (outcome), consumption methods, medical use and health conditions for which cannabis was used, prescriptions by healthcare providers, current and past perception of acceptability, perceptions of risk, and attitudes toward legalization (exposures). Covariates included sex, race/ethnicity, household income, and employment status.Setting and ParticipantsHRS participants who completed the 2018 cannabis use experimental module (n=1,324).ResultsPast year cannabis use was reported by 18.5% (SE=2.17) and 5.9% (SE=1.19) of middle-age and older adults, respectively in the U.S. In both groups, a majority of individuals consumed cannabis exclusively by smoking. Approximately 25% of middle-aged adults and 20% of older adults used cannabis for medical purposes, with ∼20% in both groups receiving a prescription or recommendation for medical use from a healthcare provider. Over 75% of individuals in both age groups viewed medical use of cannabis as acceptable, and older adults were more likely to view cannabis as a gateway drug and to support restrictions of cannabis laws.Conclusions and RelevanceCannabis use among both middle-aged and older U.S. adults is higher than previously reported in state- and national-level studies, with many engaging in cannabis behaviors associated with increased harm. Greater public health and clinical efforts are needed for tailored prevention and intervention strategies.