bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber–epoxy composites using polyamide‐6,6 electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Beylergil Bertan , Tanoğlu Metin , Aktaş Engin 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, carbon fiber–epoxy composites are interleaved with electrospun polyamide‐6,6 (PA 66) nanofibers to improve their Mode‐I fracture toughness. These nanofibers are directly deposited onto carbon fabrics before composite manufacturing via vacuum infusion. Three‐point bending, tensile, compression, interlaminar shear strength, Charpy impact, and double cantilever beam tests are performed on the reference and PA 66 interleaved specimens to evaluate the effects of PA 66 nanofibers on the mechanical properties of composites. To investigate the effect of nanofiber areal weight density (AWD), nanointerlayers with various AWD are prepared by changing the electrospinning duration. It is found that the electrospun PA 66 nanofibers are very effective in improving Mode‐I toughness and impact resistance, compressive strength, flexural modulus, and strength of the composites. However, these nanofibers cause a decrease in the tensile strength of the composites. The glass‐transition temperature of the composites is not affected by the addition of PA 66 nanofibers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45244.
Low Band Gap Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Systems Based on 3‐Alkoxy or 3‐Pyrrolidino‐4‐cyanothiophene and Benzothiadiazole Units
Authors: Savitha Gurunathan , Moussallem Chady , Allain Magali , Gohier Frédéric , Frère Pierre 
Published: May 2017

Abstract3‐Hexyloxy‐4‐cyanothiophene, 3‐pyrrolidil‐4‐cyanothiophene, and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) units are used with benzothiadiazole as building blocks for the development of three new conjugated donor–acceptor–donor (DAD) derivatives. The DAD molecules have the central acceptor part, which is formed by combining electron‐withdrawing cyano groups and the benzothiadiazole moiety, in common. Theoretical calculations and UV/Vis and electrochemical data reveal the key role of the end‐capped donor to tune the electronic properties of the derivatives. A study of the electropolymerization process of the three derivatives shows the strong influence of the donor parts on both the reactivity of the precursors and the electronic properties of the resulting polymers. Derivatives end‐capped with pyrrolidinocyano thiophene or EDOT units lead to films of polymers presenting low band gaps of around 0.9–1.4 eV. Upon oxidation, the two polymers present different behavior. In the presence of the pyrrolidinocyano thiophene moieties, oxidation leads to a blueshift of the absorption bands, whereas with EDOT units a classical redshift, giving high absorption in the near‐IR region, is observed for the oxidized states.
Variability in Decision Strategies Across Description‐based and Experience‐based Decision Making
Authors: Yoon Sangsuk , Vo Khoi , Venkatraman Vinod 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIndividuals are known to make systematically different decisions when the probabilities in risky choice problems are described or experienced. This difference, known as the description–experience gap, has been reliably replicated across several studies using binary choice gambles. Yet little is known whether these differences exist in more complex gambles in the absence of rare outcomes, and whether they are associated with systematic differences in the use of decision heuristics and strategies across formats. Using three‐outcome mixed gambles, we found that participants showed a strong preference for alternatives that maximized the overall probability of winning when such an option was available in the description condition, and chose more randomly otherwise. In the experience condition, preferences were more homogenous across trials types, with participants choosing the alternative with extreme values more often relative to the description condition. However, when we controlled for the experienced outcomes, both natural mean heuristic (choosing the alternative with highest sampled mean or expected value) and overall probability of winning heuristic reliably predicted choice on each trial. In fact, expected value was the strongest predictor of preferences in a conditional logistic regression model that included extreme values, expected value, and overall probability of winning variables simultaneously. Yet expected value did not predict preferences in decisions from description. Together, these findings provide evidence for an explicit dissociation in decision strategies across description and experience formats. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold(I)‐Catalysed Asymmetric Hydroamination of Alkenes: A Silver‐ and Solvent‐Dependent Enantiodivergent Reaction
Authors: Abadie Marc‐Antoine , Trivelli Xavier , Medina Florian , Duhal Nathalie , Kouach Mostafa , Linden Bernhard , Génin Eric , Vandewalle Maxence , Capet Frédéric , Roussel Pascal , Del Rosal Iker , Maron Laurent , Agbossou‐Niedercorn Francine , Michon Christophe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the present study, we report the first silver‐dependent enantiodivergent gold‐catalysed reaction. The asymmetric intramolecular hydroamination of alkenes catalysed by the combination of a single chiral binuclear gold(I) chloride complex and silver perchlorate can afford both enantiomers of the products by a simple solvent change from toluene to methanol. Such an enantiodivergent reaction is strictly independent of the reaction temperature or of the nature of the catalyst anion and displays the same first‐order kinetic rate law with respect to substrate concentration in both solvents. Beyond a simple solvent effect the enantioinversion is controlled by gold–silver chloride adducts which occur only in methanol and allow a dual activation of the reagent. While one single gold atom activates the alkene moiety, the other gold atom forms an oxophilic gold–silver chloride adduct which is likely to interact with the carbamate function. By comparison with toluene, which affords (S)‐enantiomer, this proximal and bimetallic activation would allow an opposite stereodifferentiation of the two diastereomeric intermediates during the final protodeauration step and lead therefore to the (R)‐enantiomer.
Total Syntheses of Lepadiformine Marine Alkaloids with Enantiodivergency, Utilizing Hg(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reaction and their Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Nishikawa Keisuke , Yamauchi Kengo , Kikuchi Seiho , Ezaki Shinnosuke , Koyama Tomoyuki , Nokubo Haruka , Matsumura Kunihiro , Kodama Takeshi , Kumagai Momochika , Morimoto Yoshiki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe enantioselective total syntheses of lepadiformine marine alkaloids, azatricyclic natural products isolated from marine tunicates, were completed. These alkaloids have a unique chemical structure characterized by the trans‐1‐azadecalin (AB ring system) fused with the spirocyclic ring (AC ring system). Here we found that a cycloisomerization reaction from functionalized linear substrates to a 1‐azaspiro[4.5]decane framework corresponding to the AC ring in lepadiformines is promoted by a catalytic amount of mercury(II) triflate (Hg(OTf)2). The total syntheses of (−)‐lepadiformines A and B were achieved in 28 % and 21 % overall yields, respectively, through the novel cycloisomerization reaction. The syntheses of (+)‐ and (−)‐lepadiformine C hydrochloride salts also enabled us to determine the absolute configuration of natural lepadiformine C. It has been found that a phenomenon of enantiodivergence occurs in lepadiformine alkaloids from a single species of marine tunicate, Clavelina moluccensis. The cytotoxic activities of synthesized lepadiformine hydrochloride salts and their synthetic intermediates were evaluated.
Stellar Multi‐Photon Absorption Materials: Beyond the Telecommunication Wavelength Band
Authors: Schwich Torsten , Barlow Adam , Cifuentes Marie P. , Szeremeta Janusz , Samoc Marek , Humphrey Mark G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVery large molecular two‐ and three‐photon absorption cross‐sections are achieved by appending ligated bis(diphosphine)ruthenium units to oligo(p‐phenyleneethynylene) (OPE)‐based “stars” with arms up to 7 phenyleneethynylene (PE) units in length. Extremely large three‐ and four‐photon absorption cross‐sections, through the telecommunications wavelengths range and beyond, are obtained for these complexes upon optimizing OPE length and the ruthenium‐coordinated peripheral ligand. Multi‐photon absorption (MPA) cross‐sections are optimized with stars possessing arms 2 PE units in length. Peripheral ligand variation modifies MPA merit and, in particular, 4‐nitrophenylethynyl ligand incorporation enhances maximal MPA values and “switches on” four‐photon absorption (4PA) in these low molecular‐weight complexes. The 4‐nitrophenylethynyl‐ligated 2PE‐armed star possesses a maximal four‐photon absorption cross‐section of 1.8×10−108 cm8 s3 at 1750 nm, and significant MPA activity extending beyond 2000 nm.
A Fluxional Cu8H6 Cluster Supported by Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane and its Facile Reaction with CO2
Authors: Nakamae Kanako , Tanaka Miho , Kure Bunsho , Nakajima Takayuki , Ura Yasuyuki , Tanase Tomoaki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA copper hydride cluster [Cu8(μ‐H)6(μ‐dppm)5](PF6)2 (dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) was prepared from reaction of [CuH(PPh3)]6 with dppm in the presence of [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 and exhibited fluxional behaviors in solution where the hydrides and the phosphines are scrambling around the trans‐bicapped octahedral Cu8 framework. The Cu8H6 complex showed facile reactivity with CO2 (1 atm, RT) to afford a tricopper complex, [Cu3(μ‐H)(μ‐O2CH)(μ‐dppm)3]PF6, which could be developed to unprecedented hydrosilylation of CO2 catalyzed by multinuclear CuH species under mild conditions.
Electroluminescent and Optoelectronic Properties of OLEDs with Bay‐Extended, Distorted Perylene Esters as Emitter Materials
Authors: Vollbrecht Joachim , Blazy Simon , Dierks Philipp , Peurifoy Samuel , Bock Harald , Kitzerow Heinz 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThree esters with a perylene, a unilaterally, and a bilaterally extended perylene core, respectively, were used as emitter materials for organic light‐emitting diodes. The electroluminescent properties of these devices were studied. Different spectral shifts were found, which can be attributed to the formation of excited dimers (excimers) in the nanofilms of the emitter materials. Thermal treatment of the unilaterally extended derivative resulted in a red‐shift of the electroluminescence owing to the formation of a denser nanofilm. The luminance and efficiency of optoelectronic devices employing the extended perylene esters exceed those of devices using an emitter layer comprised of the perylene ester. Different deposition methods, limitations in the deposition process, and the role of hole‐transporting materials are compared.
Highly Efficient and Uniform 1 cm2 Perovskite Solar Cells with an Electrochemically Deposited NiOx Hole‐Extraction Layer
Authors: Park Ik Jae , Kang Gyeongho , Park Min Ah , Kim Ju Seong , Seo Se Won , Kim Dong Hoe , Zhu Kai , Park Taiho , Kim Jin Young 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGiven that the highest certified conversion efficiency of the organic–inorganic perovskite solar cell (PSC) already exceeds 22 %, which is even higher than that of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell, the significance of new scalable processes that can be utilized for preparing large‐area devices and their commercialization is rapidly increasing. From this perspective, the electrodeposition method is one of the most suitable processes for preparing large‐area devices because it is an already commercialized process with proven controllability and scalability. Here, a highly uniform NiOx layer prepared by electrochemical deposition is reported as an efficient hole‐extraction layer of a p–i–n‐type planar PSC with a large active area of >1 cm2. It is demonstrated that the increased surface roughness of the NiOx layer, achieved by controlling the deposition current density, facilitates the hole extraction at the interface between perovskite and NiOx, and thus increases the fill factor and the conversion efficiency. The electrochemically deposited NiOx layer also exhibits extremely uniform thickness and morphology, leading to highly efficient and uniform large‐area PSCs. As a result, the p–i–n‐type planar PSC with an area of 1.084 cm2 exhibits a stable conversion efficiency of 17.0 % (19.2 % for 0.1 cm2) without showing hysteresis effects.
Impaired myocardial relaxation with exercise determines peak aerobic exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Trankle Cory , Canada Justin M. , Buckley Leo , Carbone Salvatore , Dixon Dave , Arena Ross , Van Tassell Benjamin , Abbate Antonio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by impaired exercise capacity due to shortness of breath and/or fatigue. Assessment of diastolic dysfunction at rest and with exercise may provide insight into the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in HFpEF.AimsTo measure echocardio‐Doppler‐derived parameters of diastolic function as they relate to various indices of aerobic exercise capacity in HFpEF.MethodsWe selected 16 subjects with clinically stable HFpEF, no evidence of volume overload, but impaired functional capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise testing [peak oxygen consumption (VO2)]. We measured the transmitral E and A flow velocities, E/A ratio, and E deceleration time (DT) and tissue Doppler E′ velocity. We also indexed the E′ to the DT, as additional measure of impaired relaxation (E′DT), and calculated the diastolic functional reserve index (DFRI), as the product of E′ at rest and change in E′ with exercise.ResultsE′ velocity, at rest and peak exercise, as well as the DFRI positively correlated with peak VO2, whereas DT, E′DT, and E/E′ with exercise inversely correlated with peak VO2. Of note, the E′DT at rest also significantly predicted E′ velocity at peak exercise (R = +0.81, P < 0.001). Exercise E′ was the only independent predictor of peak VO2 at multivariable analysis (R = +0.67, P = 0.005).ConclusionsThe E′ velocity at peak exercise is a strong and independent predictor of aerobic exercise capacity as measured by peak VO2 in patients with HFpEF, providing the link between abnormal myocardial relaxation with exercise and impaired aerobic exercise capacity in HFpEF.
Simulated effects of internal mixing of anthropogenic aerosols on the aerosol–radiation interaction and global temperature
Authors: Zhou Chen , Zhang Hua , Zhao Shuyun , Li Jiangnan 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA partial internal mixing (PIM) treatment of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and sulphate was examined, and the core‐shell model was used to represent the internally mixed aerosols with BC as the core and sulphate or OC as the shell. The influences of PIM treatment on the effective radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiative interaction (ERFari) and global temperature were examined and compared to those of external mixing (EM) treatment using an aerosol‐climate online coupled model of BCC_AGCM2.0_CUACE/Aero. Radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiation interaction (RFari) of the anthropogenic aerosols since the preindustrial era was −0.34 W m−2 for EM and −0.23 W m−2 for PIM, respectively. The global annual mean ERFari of anthropogenic aerosols since the preindustrial era was −0.42 W m−2 for EM and −0.34 W m−2 for PIM, respectively. The change in global annual mean surface temperature increased accordingly from −0.18 K in the EM case to −0.125 K in the PIM case. Well geographic consistence between the change in low‐level cloud amount and the change in temperature can be found. The atmospheric temperature in the troposphere was markedly less reduced in the PIM case than in the EM case. The RFari/ERFari for 50% and 100% were −0.11/–0.07 and 0.13/0.14 W m−2, respectively. RFari, ERFari, and surface temperature changed approximately linearly with the internal mixing proportion.
Features of polarized Raman spectra for homogeneous and non‐homogeneous compressively strained Ge1−ySny alloys
Authors: Perova T. S. , Kasper E. , Oehme M. , Cherevkov S. , Schulze J. 
Published: May 2017

Raman spectra of homogeneous and non‐homogeneous, compressively strained, Ge‐rich Ge1−ySny alloys (with y < 13%), deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques using various low‐temperature process conditions, were investigated using polarized micro‐Raman spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that collecting Raman spectra using both polarizations (
and
) provides more insight into the structural features of GeSn alloys than Raman spectroscopy using an unpolarized probe beam. Acquiring Raman spectra using polarization offers the advantages of enhancing the behaviour of some modes as well as eliminating the overlap of longitudinal optical (LO) modes with unwanted acoustical phonons from the Ge. Raman spectra of samples, grown at extremely low temperatures and identified by X‐ray diffraction as non‐homogeneous, exhibit a lowering of the Ge–Ge peak position, an increase in linewidth and a decrease of the dichroic ratio. Another type of non‐homogeneity appears when the metastable GeSn separates into two phases after obtaining a Sn content‐dependent thickness. Raman microscopy confirmed that the segregates, obtained as a result of phase separation and Sn diffusion to the surface, are of metallic tin origin. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pressure‐induced phase transitions of vaterite, a metastable phase of CaCO3
Authors: Maruyama Koji , Kagi Hiroyuki , Komatsu Kazuki , Yoshino Toru , Nakano Satoshi 
Published: May 2017

Pressure‐induced phase transitions of vaterite, a metastable phase of CaCO3, were observed from Raman spectra and X‐ray diffraction patterns at high pressure using diamond anvil cells at room temperature. Pressure dependence of Raman peaks assignable to the symmetric stretching vibration modes of carbonate ion indicated the phase transitions of vaterite. At 4.3 GPa, vaterite (vaterite I) transformed to a high‐pressure form of vaterite (vaterite II). With increasing pressure, a part of vaterite II gradually transformed to calcite III, and the remainder of vaterite II transformed to another new phase (vaterite III). The phase transition from vaterite II to calcite III was irreversible, and calcite III back‐transformed to calcite I during decompression. Moreover, at the pressures higher than 13.1 GPa, several diffraction spots were observed on an imaging plate, indicating another phase transition from vaterite III to a phase having coarse grains (vaterite IV). Our results indicate that vaterite undergoes more complex phase transitions at high pressure than other polymorphs of calcium carbonate, calcite, and aragonite. These phase transitions of vaterite will open a window to understanding phase transitions of metastable minerals at high pressure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphite‐bearing mineral assemblages in the mantle beneath Central Aldan superterrane of North Asian craton: combined confocal micro‐Raman and electron microprobe characterization
Authors: Nikolenko Evgeny I. , Sharygin Igor S. , Alifirova Taisia A. , Korsakov Andrey V. , Zelenovskiy Pavel S. , Shur V. Ya. 
Published: May 2017

Mantle‐derived lherzolitic and harzburgitic Cr‐pyropes from lamprophyres of the Chompolo field (Central Aldan superterrane, North Asian Craton) were studied using micro‐Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe microanalysis. These garnets enclose graphite coexisting with forsterite, diopside, Ba‐Cl‐phlogopite, tschermakite, rutile, magnesiochromite, Mg‐ilmenite, apatite, chalcopyrite, dolomite, magnesite and lindsleyite inclusions. The PT conditions of residence of graphite‐bearing assemblage in the mantle were estimated, using a combination of mineral thermometers and barometers, to be as high as 2.87–3.55 GPa and 710–770 °C. Generally, graphite within inclusions is well ordered; D1 and D2 disordered bands in its spectra are restricted to inclusion edges. The residual pressure up to 2.1 GPa was inferred for graphite assuming pressure dependence of the G‐band upshift (1580 cm−1 at ambient conditions vs 1588.6 cm−1 at 2.1 GPa). Disordered graphite most likely appears due to the stress‐induced distortion of the fully ordered graphite crystal structure. The distortion results from difference in the thermoelastic properties of graphite inclusions and their garnet hosts exposed to decompression during ascent to the surface with lamprophyre magma. The mineralogy of inclusions in the studied garnets strongly suggests an episode(s) of metasomatism by carbon‐rich agent(s) (COH‐fluid or carbonatitic melt) in the lithospheric mantle of the Central Aldan superterrane, which was coeval with the formation of graphite inclusions and the host pyropes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nipple aspirate fluid—A liquid biopsy for diagnosing breast health
Authors: Shaheed Sadr‐ul , Tait Catherine , Kyriacou Kyriacos , Mullarkey Joanne , Burrill Wayne , Patterson Laurence H. , Linforth Richard , Salhab Mohamed , Sutton Chris W. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeNipple secretions are protein‐rich and a potential source of breast cancer biomarkers for breast cancer screening. Previous studies of specific proteins have shown limited correlation with clinicopathological features. Our aim, in this pilot study, was to investigate the intra‐ and interpatient protein composition of nipple secretions and the implications for their use as liquid biopsies.Experimental designMatched pairs of nipple discharge/nipple aspirate fluid (NAF, n = 15) were characterized for physicochemical properties and SDS‐PAGE. Four pairs were selected for semiquantitative proteomic profiling and trypsin‐digested peptides analyzed using 2D‐LC Orbitrap Fusion MS. The resulting data were subject to bioinformatics analysis and statistical evaluation for functional significance.ResultsA total of 1990 unique proteins were identified many of which are established cancer‐associated markers. Matched pairs shared the greatest similarity (average Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.94), but significant variations between individuals were observed.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis was the most complete proteomic study of nipple discharge/nipple aspirate fluid to date providing a valuable source for biomarker discovery. The high level of milk proteins in healthy volunteer samples compared to the cancer patients was associated with galactorrhoea. Using matched pairs increased confidence in patient‐specific protein levels but changes relating to cancer stage require investigation of a larger cohort.
Taking the Settlements to the ICC? Substantive Issues
Authors: Ronen Yaël 
Published: May 2017

Interest in the criminal aspects of the Israeli settlement project in the West
Bank is hardly new; it informed the drafting of Additional Protocol I (AP I) and
of the Statute of
the International Criminal Court (ICC), and motivated Israel's
rejection of both instruments. The 2009 Palestinian attempt to establish ICCjurisdictionpromptedextensivescholarlydebate
on the preconditions for jurisdiction and on its territorial and temporal
aspects, as well as on specific admissibility questions, primarily gravity.
(Complementarity is not an issue with regard to the establishment of West Bank
settlements, since Israeli law and jurisprudence do not prohibit it, although
they regulate some aspects related thereto).