bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social support satisfaction in adults with eating disorders: Does stance matter?
Authors: Geller Josie , Iyar Megumi , Srikameswaran Suja , Zelichowska Joanna , Dunn Erin C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough the role of social support is clearly established in the recovery of youth with eating disorders, little is known about factors that contribute to support satisfaction and improved treatment outcome in adults. This study examined the contribution of patient factors and perceived support stance used by family and friends in determining social support satisfaction. Individuals meeting DSM‐IV criteria for an eating disorder (n = 182) completed measures of eating disorder and psychiatric severity, interpersonal functioning, perceived support stance used by family and friends, and social support satisfaction. Correlations indicated that both patient factors (lower psychiatric distress and fewer interpersonal difficulties) and perceived support stance (higher concerned and lower directive support) were associated with patient support satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses indicated that perceived support stance accounted for greater variance in social support satisfaction than did patient factors. Patient age was associated with differences in preferred support stance: expressions of caring were most critical for younger patients, whereas not being criticized or told what to do was most significant for older patients. This research suggests that the stance used when offering support is vital to the care of individuals with eating disorders.
How to induce defense responses in wild plant populations? Using bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) as example
Authors: Seldal Tarald , Hegland Stein Joar , Rydgren Knut , Rodriguez‐Saona Cesar , Töpper Joachim Paul 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInducible plant defense is a beneficial strategy for plants, which imply that plants should allocate resources from growth and reproduction to defense when herbivores attack. Plant ecologist has often studied defense responses in wild populations by biomass clipping experiments, whereas laboratory and greenhouse experiments in addition apply chemical elicitors to induce defense responses. To investigate whether field ecologists could benefit from methods used in laboratory and greenhouse studies, we established a randomized block‐design in a pine‐bilberry forest in Western Norway. We tested whether we could activate defense responses in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) by nine different treatments using clipping (leaf tissue or branch removal) with or without chemical treatment by methyljasmonate (MeJA). We subsequently measured consequences of induced defenses through vegetative growth and insect herbivory during one growing season. Our results showed that only MeJA‐treated plants showed consistent defense responses through suppressed vegetative growth and reduced herbivory by leaf‐chewing insects, suggesting an allocation of resources from growth to defense. Leaf tissue removal reduced insect herbivory equal to the effect of the MeJa treatments, but had no negative impact on growth. Branch removal did not reduce insect herbivory or vegetative growth. MeJa treatment and clipping combined did not give an additional defense response. In this study, we investigated how to induce defense responses in wild plant populations under natural field conditions. Our results show that using the chemical elicitor MeJA, with or without biomass clipping, may be a better method to induce defense response in field experiments than clipping of leaves or branches that often has been used in ecological field studies.
Synergistic effects of floral phytochemicals against a bumble bee parasite
Authors: Palmer‐Young Evan C. , Sadd Ben M. , Irwin Rebecca E. , Adler Lynn S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFloral landscapes comprise diverse phytochemical combinations. Individual phytochemicals in floral nectar and pollen can reduce infection in bees and directly inhibit trypanosome parasites. However, gut parasites of generalist pollinators, which consume nectar and pollen from many plant species, are exposed to phytochemical combinations. Interactions between phytochemicals could augment or decrease effects of single compounds on parasites. Using a matrix of 36 phytochemical treatment combinations, we assessed the combined effects of two floral phytochemicals, eugenol and thymol, against four strains of the bumblebee gut trypanosome Crithidia bombi. Eugenol and thymol had synergistic effects against C. bombi growth across seven independent experiments, showing that the phytochemical combination can disproportionately inhibit parasites. The strength of synergistic effects varied across strains and experiments. Thus, the antiparasitic effects of individual compounds will depend on both the presence of other phytochemicals and parasite strain identity. The presence of synergistic phytochemical combinations could augment the antiparasitic activity of individual compounds for pollinators in diverse floral landscapes.
Exercise‐induced B‐lines identify worse functional and prognostic stage in heart failure patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Scali Maria Chiara , Cortigiani Lauro , Simionuc Anca , Gregori Dario , Marzilli Mario , Picano Eugenio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsExercise stress echocardiography (ESE) is recommended by the European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the evaluation of heart failure (HF) patients. Recently, lung ultrasound (LUS) has been proposed for the assessment of extravascular lung water through B‐lines. The aim of this study was to assess B‐lines during ESE in HF.Methods and resultsStandard transthoracic and LUS evaluation was performed during semi‐supine ESE in 103 NYHA class I–III HF patients (76 male; mean age 64 ± 12 years) with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (35 ± 8%). B‐lines were measured by scanning 28 intercostal spaces on antero‐lateral chest, both at rest and at peak stress. Resting plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and exercise capacity during cardiopulmonary testing with peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) were assessed in all patients. All patients were followed up for a median of 8 months (first quartile, 6; third quartile, 11). LUS was feasible and interpretable in all subjects. The overall number of B‐lines increased from rest (median 5, interquartile range 0–10) to peak stress (median 12, interquartile range 0–45) (P < 0.0001). The number of stress B‐lines was closely correlated with resting log‐BNP (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001) and peak VO2 (r = −0.90, P < 0.0001). During follow‐up, 37 events occurred: 10 deaths, 23 re‐hospitalizations for acute HF, and 4 non‐fatal myocardial infarctions. Twelve‐month event‐free survival was 95% in the 36 patients with stress B‐lines <30 (best cut‐off identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis) vs. 7% in patients with ≥30 B‐lines (P < 0.0001).ConclusionB‐lines are easy to obtain, frequent in HF patients, and often increase during ESE. Adverse events were more frequent in patients with more B‐lines during ESE.
Nasal juvenile angiofibroma: Current perspectives with emphasis on management
Authors: López Fernando , Triantafyllou Asterios , Snyderman Carl H. , Hunt Jennifer L. , Suárez Carlos , Lund Valerie J. , Strojan Primož , Saba Nabil F. , Nixon Iain J. , Devaney Kenneth O. , Alobid Isam , Bernal–Sprekelsen Manuel , Hanna Ehab Y. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTJuvenile angiofibroma is an uncommon, benign, locally aggressive vascular tumor. It is found almost exclusively in young men. Common presenting symptoms include nasal obstruction and epistaxis. More advanced tumors may present with facial swelling and visual or neurological disturbances. The evaluation of patients with juvenile angiofibroma relies on diagnostic imaging. Preoperative biopsy is not recommended. The mainstay of treatment is resection combined with preoperative embolization. Endoscopic surgery is the approach of choice in early stages, whereas, in advanced stages, open or endoscopic approaches are feasible in expert hands. Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) or stereotactic radiosurgery seem valuable in long‐term control of juvenile angiofibroma, particularly those that extend to anatomically critical areas unsuitable for complete resection. Chemotherapy and hormone therapy are ineffective. The purpose of the present review was to update current aspects of knowledge related to this rare and challenging disease. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1033–1045, 2017
Interactions between MAOA gene polymorphism and maternal parenting in predicting externalizing and internalizing problems and social competence among Chinese children: Testing the genetic vulnerability and differential susceptibility models
Authors: Liu Yapeng , Chen Xinyin , Zhao Siman , Way Niobe , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Zhang Guangzhen , Liang Zongbao , Zhang Minghao , Ke Xiaoyan , Lu Zuhong , Deng Huihua 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to test whether monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene polymorphism was a marker of the genetic vulnerability model or the differential susceptibility model by investigating the interaction of MAOA gene polymorphism with maternal parenting on externalizing and internalizing problems and social competence among Chinese children. Participants were 290 children and their parents in China. MAOA genotypes were ascertained by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Mothers reported their parenting stress and engagement in parent–child activities when the child was 6 months old. Children's behavioral problems and social competence were rated by mothers and fathers at 48 months old. The results showed that MAOA genotypes interacted with maternal parenting stress in predicting boys' internalizing problems. Also, MAOA genotypes interacted with maternal engagement in parent–child activities in predicting boys' social competence. The analyses of regions of significance and the proportion of interaction index indicated that boys with the low‐activity genotype were at risk for (a) high internalizing problems under high maternal parenting stress and (b) low social competence if mothers displayed a low level of maternal engagement. No significant interaction effects were found among girls. The results suggested that the MAOA gene might be a marker of the genetic vulnerability model among Chinese boys.Highlights

We evaluated whether MAOA gene was a marker of the genetic vulnerability model or the differential susceptibility model by investigating the interaction of MAOA gene polymorphism with maternal parenting on behavioral problems and social competence among 4‐year‐old Chinese children.
The results of regions of significance and the proportion of interaction index indicated that boys with the low‐activity genotype were at risk of high internalizing problems or low social competence with high maternal parenting stress or low engagement. No significant interaction effects were found among girls.
The results indicated that MAOA gene might be a marker of the genetic vulnerability model rather than the differential susceptibility model.
Development of multisubstituted hydroxyapatite nanopowders as biomedical materials for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Baba Ismail Yanny M. , Wimpenny Ian , Bretcanu Oana , Dalgarno Kenneth , El Haj Alicia J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIonic substitutions have been proposed as a tool to control the functional behavior of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), particularly for Bone Tissue Engineering applications. The effect of simultaneous substitution of different levels of carbonate (CO3) and silicon (Si) ions in the HA lattice was investigated. Furthermore, human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on multi‐substituted HA (SiCHA) to determine if biomimetic chemical compositions were osteoconductive. Of the four different compositions investigates, SiCHA‐1 (0.58 wt % Si) and SiCHA‐2 (0.45 wt % Si) showed missing bands for CO3 and Si using FTIR analysis, indicating competition for occupation of the phosphate site in the HA lattice; 500°C was considered the most favorable calcination temperature as: (i) the powders produced possessed a similar amount of CO3 (2–8 wt %) and Si (<1.0 wt %) as present in native bone; and (ii) there was a minimal loss of CO3 and Si from the HA structure to the surroundings during calcination. Higher Si content in SiCHA‐1 led to lower cell viability and at most hindered proliferation, but no toxicity effect occurred. While, lower Si content in SiCHA‐2 showed the highest ALP/DNA ratio after 21 days culture with hMSCs, indicating that the powder may stimulate osteogenic behavior to a greater extent than other powders. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1775–1785, 2017.
Hierarchically ordered polymer nanofiber shish kebabs as a bone scaffold material
Authors: Chen Xi , Gleeson Sarah E. , Yu Tony , Khan Nasreen , Yucha Robert W. , Marcolongo Michele , Li Christopher Y. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe ideal bone scaffold harnesses the body's ability to regenerate bone in critical size defects. A potential strategy to design the ideal bone scaffold is to mimic the natural structure of bone at the molecular level. The orientation and spatial distribution of nanocrystals in the organic matrix are two important and distinctive structural characteristics associated with natural bone. There has yet to be a synthetic system or scaffold that is able to control both the spatial distribution and orientation of the hydroxyapatite crystalline structure. To mimic the unique hybrid structure of natural bone using synthetic materials, there have been a number of reported approaches to control the mineral nanocrystal orientation on synthetic scaffolds. However, the spatial distribution of minerals is challenging to reproduce in a biomimetic manner. Herein we report using block copolymer‐decorated polymer nanofibers to achieve biomineralized fibrils with precise control of both mineral crystal orientation and spatial distribution. We show that the crystallization of poly(caprolactone)‐b‐poly(acrylic acid) block copolymer on poly(caprolactone) nanofibers resulted in a unique shish kebab structure that significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the nanofibers, and is cytocompatible to L‐929 mouse fibroblast cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1786–1798, 2017.
Work–family conflict and mindfulness: Investigating the effectiveness of a brief training intervention
Authors: Kiburz Kaitlin M. , Allen Tammy D. , French Kimberly A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis experimental switching replications design study examined the effectiveness of a brief mindfulness‐based training intervention that included a one‐hour mindfulness‐based workshop followed by 13 days of behavioral self‐monitoring (BSM) in an attempt to reduce work–family conflict. The intervention increased participants' mindfulness and decreased work‐to‐family conflict, but did not reduce family‐to‐work conflict. In addition, those who participated in BSM reported greater mindfulness, less work‐to‐family conflict, and less family‐to‐work conflict than did those who did not participate in BSM. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research directions, are discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of α‐helix unfolding in the pine nut peptide Lys‐Cys‐His‐Lys‐Pro induced by pulsed electric field
Authors: Xing Jie , Zhang Sitian , Zhang Mingdi , Lin Songyi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDA variety of analytical techniques were applied to explore the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) on α‐helix structural changes in the novel antioxidant peptide Lys‐Cys‐His‐Lys‐Pro (KCHKP, 611.76 Da).RESULTSThe relative α‐helix content of the KCHKP peptide was significantly altered from 100% to 89.91 ± 0.97% when the electric pulse frequency was 1800 Hz and the field intensity was 10 kV cm−1. Moreover, the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐pycryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2‐azinobis diammonium salt (ABTS) radical‐scavenging activities of PEF‐treated KCHKP were increased from 56.31% ± 0.74% to 84.33% ± 1.23% and from 40.56% ± 0.78% to 51.33% ± 0.27%, respectively.CONCLUSIONPEF treatment increased peptide linkage stretch vibration and altered hydrogen bonding of KCHKP. The stability of the α‐helix structure was influenced by hydrogen bonds within the peptide linkage of KCHKP induced by PEF and was related to changes in antioxidant activity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Extreme floods increase CO2 outgassing from a large Amazonian river
Authors: Almeida Rafael M. , Pacheco Felipe S. , Barros Nathan , Rosi Emma , Roland Fábio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLarge Amazonian rivers are characteristically subject to seasonal floods. We examine how inundation extent affects the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and CO2 outgassing in the Madeira River, a large tributary to the Amazon River. We show data from nine field campaigns performed between 2009 and 2011, complemented with data from one additional campaign in April 2014 that is representative of the largest flood on record. Both the pCO2 (range, 835–9694 μatm) and CO2 outgassing (range, 641–12,253 mg C m−2 d−1) had large seasonal variability (with peaks during high water), and fit exponential relationships with water level. CO2 outgassing per unit area in 2014 was 50% higher than the other highest rate in our dataset. Reconstruction of CO2 fluxes since 1968 indicates that extreme‐flood years outgas 20% more CO2 per unit area than years without reported occurrence of extreme floods. Our findings indicate a positive feedback between climate change, extreme flooding, and CO2 outgassing from river water.
Pulmonary MRI morphometry modeling of airspace enlargement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Ouriadov Alexei , Lessard Eric , Sheikh Khadija , Parraga Grace ,   for the Canadian Respiratory Research Network
Published: February 2017

PurposeWe generated lung morphometry measurements using single‐breath diffusion‐weighted MRI and three different acinar duct models in healthy participants and patients with emphysema stemming from chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD).MethodsSingle‐breath‐inhaled 3He MRI with five diffusion sensitizations (b‐value = 0, 1.6, 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 s/cm2) was used, and signal intensities were fit using a cylindrical and single‐compartment acinar‐duct model to estimate MRI‐derived mean linear intercept (Lm) and surface‐to‐volume ratio (S/V). A stretched exponential model was also developed to estimate the mean airway length and Lm.ResultsWe evaluated 42 participants, including 15 elderly never‐smokers (69 ± 5 years), 12 ex‐smokers without COPD (67 ± 11 years), 9 COPD ex‐smokers (80 ± 6 years), and 6 AATD patients (59 ± 6 years). In the never‐ and ex‐smokers, the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and computed tomography relative area of less than −950 Hounsfield units (RA950) were normal, but these were abnormal in the COPD and AATD patients, which is reflective of emphysema. Although cylindrical and stretched‐exponential‐model estimates of Lm and S/V were not significantly different, the single‐compartment‐model estimates were significantly different (P < 0.05) for the never‐ and ex‐smoker subgroups. All models estimated significantly worse Lm and S/V in the AATD and COPD subgroups compared with the never‐ and ex‐smokers without emphysema.ConclusionsDifferences in airspace enlargement may be estimated using Lm and S/V, generated using MRI and a stretched‐exponential or cylindrical model of the acinar ducts. Magn Reson Med 79:439–448, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Designing Effective Healthcare: Matching Policy Tools to Problems in China
Authors: Bali Azad Singh , Ramesh M 
Published: February 2017

SummaryHealthcare reforms often result in disappointing failures due to the misguided goals they pursue and the flawed means they employ. The paper proposes that effectiveness—defined as universal access to essential healthcare at a cost affordable to society—is a worthwhile and achievable objective. But to realize effectiveness, reformers need to discard their a priori preferences for markets or governments and instead select a range of policy tools targeting different problems. The paper will argue that a concerted use of regulatory, fiscal, informational and organizational tools shaping the behaviour of healthcare providers, insurers and users can achieve effective healthcare. The paper will highlight the use and misuse as well as non‐use of these tools in China to shed light on tools' approach to health policy reforms. Lessons from China are highly relevant to developing countries around the world trying to reform their health sector. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction to the Special Issue: “Conceptualizing Effective Social Policy Design: Design Spaces and Capacity Challenges”
Authors: Chindarkar Namrata , Howlett Michael , Ramesh M 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis article addresses the rise of design thinking and its problematics in the social policy sphere. In particular, it argues that studies of social policy design, like all design work in policymaking, must differentiate more carefully between technical and political considerations in public policymaking and examine the implications each process has for the content of social policy design, its implementation, and its prospects of success or failure. The article develops a model of social policy formulation spaces based on the extent to which policies are intended to address technical or political problems and a government's capacity to engage in policy analysis and alternative assessment. This model is applied in the articles in this special issue to help understand the patterns of policy content and outcome success and failure found in this sector across multiple jurisdictions and issue areas. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunoaffinity Knockout of Saponin Glycosides from Asparagus racemosus to Assess Anti‐lipid Peroxidation
Authors: Onlom Churanya , Phrompittayarat Watoo , Putalun Waraporn , Waranuch Neti , Ingkaninan Kornkanok 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionAsparagus racemosus Willd (Asparagaceae family), known as Shatavari, is important in Ayurveda and traditional Thai medicines. The saponin glycosides, shatavarin I and IV are major constituents in its roots and may be responsible for their actions including protection against lipid peroxidation and carcinogenesis.ObjectiveTo develop an immunoaffinity column for isolating compounds with structures related to shatavarin IV from crude extracts of A. racemosus root.MethodologyThe monoclonal antibody recognising shatavarin IV (mAbShavIV) was coupled to an Affi‐Gel Hz gel to isolate compounds with structures related to shatavarin IV from the other components of crude extracts of A. racemosus root. The saponin glycosides in each fraction were analysed by mAbShavIV ELISA and LC–MS/MS.ResultsThe pooled wash‐through fractions contained 3% of loaded mAbShavIV reactive saponin glycosides, while eluted fractions released ~ 90% of shatavarin saponin glycosides in a single step. Using thiobarbiturate (TBARs) to measure lipid‐peroxidation, the extract, and the pooled wash‐through fractions showed moderate protection against Cu+‐induced oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) (IC50 11.3 ± 1.4 and 12.6 ± 0.9 μg/mL, respectively). In contrast, the saponin glycosides eluted from the mAbShavIV‐column had weaker protectant (IC50 29.7 ± 1.8 μg/mL) suggesting that A. racemosus shatavarins do not inhibit carcinogenesis through preventing lipid peroxidation.ConclusionThe strategy described here demonstrates its utility for isolating a group of related compounds from the rest of the extract with selectivity and recovery rate. Pharmacological efficacy and synergistic effects of the components obtained can be further investigated. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.