bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep seismic structure of the boundary zone between the Eurasian and Okhotsk plates in eastern Russia (along the 3DV deep seismic sounding profile)
Authors: Solov’ev V.M. , Seleznev V.S. , Sal’nikov A.S. , Shibaev S.V. , Timofeev V.Yu. , Liseikin A.V. , Shenmaier A.E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Analysis of geological and geophysical data on the boundary zones between the Eurasian plate and other plates shows poor knowledge of the deep structure of the region. This information will help to refine the position of the plate boundaries and the structure of the Earth’s crust and mantle. We present data on the seismicity and deep structure along the deep seismic sounding (DSS) profile running across the boundary between the Eurasian and Okhotsk plates. A comprehensive analysis of the DSS materials and seismic data shows a significant expression of this boundary zone both in the deep Earth’s crust structures and in the Moho. A zone of anomalous seismicity and deep structure extends along the DSS profile for several hundred kilometers. We have refined the position of the main boundary between the Eurasian and Okhotsk plates, which passes approximately along 144° E.
Evaluation of present-day deformations in the Amurian Plate and its surroundings, based on GPS data
Authors: Ashurkov S.V. , San’kov V.A. , Serov M.A. , Luk’yanov P.Yu. , Grib N.N. , Bordonskii G.S. , Dembelov M.G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We analyze recent crustal movements, based on data of GPS measurements on the Amurian Plate and its margins. Most of the velocities were borrowed from scientific publications. Also, our new and updated data of periodic and permanent GPS observations are presented. A continuous field of strain rates has been constructed using the combined field of movement velocities. Dilatation rates and the directions and values of the main strain axes have been calculated. We have made a quantitative estimation of the maximum shear rates and their directions. Zones of background deformations in the inner part of the Amurian Plate have been revealed along with high-strain zones. Zones with intense tectonic activity, corresponding to areas of reduced lithosphere, often show manifestations of Late Cenozoic volcanism. Part of them can be interpreted as the present-day boundaries of intracontinental geoblocks and small lithospheric plates.
Random and cooperative accumulation of intra- and intergranular defects in granite subject to high-temperature impact fracture
Authors: Shcherbakov I.P. , Chmel A.E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Acoustic emission (AE) from laboratory samples of coarse-grained granite hit by a dropped weight at temperatures from 20 to 500 °C is recorded within a frequency range of 80 kHz–4 MHz. The time series of AE signals bear information on the size of primary defects, since the AE frequency is proportional to the growth rate of microcracks and inversely proportional to their lengths. According to AE data obtained in this study, impact fracture of granite produces cracks at grain boundaries at temperatures below 400 °C and additional defects inside grains at 400 °C and higher. The reason is that overheated water–vapor inclusions increase pressure in the grain interior, which affects the mechanic behavior of granite.
The Preface to the Old English Bede: authorship, transmission, and connection with the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List
Authors: Waite Greg 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLexical and stylistic features indicate that the Preface to the Old English Bede was composed by a writer different from the anonymous Mercian who translated the body of the text. The Preface, therefore, cannot be taken to reveal aspects of the original translator's aims or attitude to the text. Recently discovered collations of the burnt manuscript London, British Library, Cotton Otho B. xi, made by John Smith prior to the 1731 fire, provide further insight, indicating that a copy of the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List was attached to the Preface by the mid-tenth century. Thus the origins of the Preface may lie in an Alfredian or post-Alfredian initiative to disseminate the translation at some time later than its actual creation.
Old English poetry, verse by verse
Authors: Weiskott Eric 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCertain syntactical ambiguities in Old English poetry have been the focus of debate among students of metre and syntax. Proponents of intentional ambiguity must demonstrate that the passages in question exhibit, not an absence of syntactical clarity, but a presence of syntactical ambiguity. This article attempts such a demonstration. It does so by shifting the terms of the debate, from clauses to verses and from a spatial to a temporal understanding of syntax. The article proposes a new interpretation of many problematic passages that opens onto a new way of parsing and punctuating Old English poetry.In this essay in the history of poetic style, I demonstrate that the sequence in time of Old English half-lines sometimes necessitates retrospective syntactical reanalysis, a state of affairs which modern punctuation is ill-equipped to capture, but in which Anglo-Saxon readers and listeners would have recognized specific literary effects. In the second section, I extrapolate two larger syntactical units, the half-line sequence and the verse paragraph, which differ in important ways from the clauses and sentences that modern editors impose on Old English poetic texts. Along the way, I improve the descriptive accuracy of Kuhn's Laws by reinterpreting them as governing half-line sequences rather than clauses. I conclude with a call for unpunctuated or minimally punctuated critical editions of Old English verse texts.
The date and authorship of the Vita Ædwardi regis
Authors: Licence Tom 
Published: November 2016

AbstractScholarly understanding of the reign of Edward the Confessor is hampered by doubt surrounding the date, authorship and purpose of the Vita Ædwardi regis, its chief biographical source. This article rejects readings that see it as a work written after the Conquest, arguing instead that it was begun in 1065–6 and tried to foresee what would happen in that time of upheaval by optimistic inspection of precedents from Godwine family history, tempered by anxious reflections on pagan Antiquity. Through the prophetic insights of history it finely balanced Edith's hopes and fears. The second part of the article considers evidence that helps us to identify an author.
A hoard from the reign of Cnut from Buckinghamshire: a preliminary report
Authors: Williams Gareth 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA hoard of 5,248 silver pennies discovered at Lenborough in Buckinghamshire in December 2015 is one of the largest hoards of Anglo-Saxon coins ever found. Although the deposition of the hoard cannot be precisely dated, it must have been buried in the latter part of the reign of Cnut (1016–35). The hoard was wrapped in lead sheet, establishing without doubt that it represents a single deposit, but contains distinct parcels of coins from the reigns of Æthelred II (978–1016) and the latter part of the reign of Cnut, with a clear gap in between. The cataloguing of the hoard is ongoing, but this paper provides a preliminary description and interpretation of the hoard. While the hoard contains few coins of particular numismatic interest, it is argued that the hoard potentially provides important information for the administration of the late Anglo-Saxon coinage, and for changing patterns of monetary circulation in the reign of Cnut.
Environmental spread of microbes impacts the development of metabolic phenotypes in mice transplanted with microbial communities from humans
Authors: Zhang Li , Bahl Martin Iain , Roager Henrik Munch , Fonvig Cilius Esmann , Hellgren Lars I , Frandsen Henrik Lauritz , Pedersen Oluf , Holm Jens-Christian , Hansen Torben , Licht Tine Rask 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMicrobiota transplantation to germ-free animals is a powerful method to study involvement of gut microbes in the aetiology of metabolic syndrome. Owing to large interpersonal variability in gut microbiota, studies with broad coverage of donors are needed to elucidate the establishment of human-derived microbiotas in mice, factors affecting this process and resulting impact on metabolic health. We thus transplanted faecal microbiotas from humans (16 obese and 16 controls) separately into 64 germ-free Swiss Webster mice caged in pairs within four isolators, with two isolators assigned to each phenotype, thereby allowing us to explore the extent of microbial spread between cages in a well-controlled environment. Despite high group-wise similarity between obese and control human microbiotas, transplanted mice in the four isolators developed distinct gut bacterial composition and activity, body mass gain, and insulin resistance. Spread of microbes between cages within isolators interacted with establishment of the transplanted microbiotas in mice, and contributed to the transmission of metabolic phenotypes. Our findings highlight the impact of donor variability and reveal that inter-individual spread of microbes contributes to the development of metabolic traits. This is of major importance for design of animal studies, and indicates that environmental transfer of microbes between individuals may affect host metabolic traits.
In situ frequency gating and beam splitting of vacuum- and extreme-ultraviolet pulses
Authors: Rajeev Rajendran , Hellwagner Johannes , Schumacher Anne , Jordan Inga , Huppert Martin , Tehlar Andres , Niraghatam Bhargava Ram , Baykusheva Denitsa , Lin Nan , von Conta Aaron , Wörner Hans Jakob 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMonochromatization of high-harmonic sources has opened fascinating perspectives regarding time-resolved photoemission from all phases of matter. Such studies have invariably involved the use of spectral filters or spectrally dispersive optical components that are inherently lossy and technically complex. Here we present a new technique for the spectral selection of near-threshold harmonics and their spatial separation from the driving beams without any optical elements. We discover the existence of a narrow phase-matching gate resulting from the combination of the non-collinear generation geometry in an extended medium, atomic resonances and absorption. Our technique offers a filter contrast of up to 104 for the selected harmonics against the adjacent ones and offers multiple temporally synchronized beamlets in a single unified scheme. We demonstrate the selective generation of 133, 80 or 56 nm femtosecond pulses from a 400-nm driver, which is specific to the target gas. These results open new pathways towards phase-sensitive multi-pulse spectroscopy in the vacuum- and extreme-ultraviolet, and frequency-selective output coupling from enhancement cavities.
Mfsd2a+ hepatocytes repopulate the liver during injury and regeneration
Authors: Pu Wenjuan , Zhang Hui , Huang Xiuzhen , Tian Xueying , He Lingjuan , Wang Yue , Zhang Libo , Liu Qiaozhen , Li Yan , Li Yi , Zhao Huan , Liu Kuo , Lu Jie , Zhou Yingqun , Huang Pengyu , Nie Yu , Yan Yan , Hui Lijian , Lui Kathy O. , Zhou Bin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHepatocytes are functionally heterogeneous and are divided into two distinct populations based on their metabolic zonation: the periportal and pericentral hepatocytes. During liver injury and regeneration, the cellular dynamics of these two distinct populations remain largely elusive. Here we show that major facilitator super family domain containing 2a (Mfsd2a), previously known to maintain blood–brain barrier function, is a periportal zonation marker. By genetic lineage tracing of Mfsd2a+ periportal hepatocytes, we show that Mfsd2a+ population decreases during liver homeostasis. Nevertheless, liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy significantly stimulates expansion of the Mfsd2a+ periportal hepatocytes. Similarly, during chronic liver injury, the Mfsd2a+ hepatocyte population expands and completely replaces the pericentral hepatocyte population throughout the whole liver. After injury recovery, the adult liver re-establishes the metabolic zonation by reprogramming the Mfsd2a+-derived hepatocytes into pericentral hepatocytes. The evidence of entire zonation replacement during injury increases our understanding of liver biology and disease.
Germline-encoded neutralization of a Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor by the human antibody repertoire
Authors: Yeung Yik Andy , Foletti Davide , Deng Xiaodi , Abdiche Yasmina , Strop Pavel , Glanville Jacob , Pitts Steven , Lindquist Kevin , Sundar Purnima D. , Sirota Marina , Hasa-Moreno Adela , Pham Amber , Melton Witt Jody , Ni Irene , Pons Jaume , Shelton David , Rajpal Arvind , Chaparro-Riggers Javier 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is both an important pathogen and a human commensal. To explore this ambivalent relationship between host and microbe, we analysed the memory humoral response against IsdB, a protein involved in iron acquisition, in four healthy donors. Here we show that in all donors a heavily biased use of two immunoglobulin heavy chain germlines generated high affinity (pM) antibodies that neutralize the two IsdB NEAT domains, IGHV4-39 for NEAT1 and IGHV1-69 for NEAT2. In contrast to the typical antibody/antigen interactions, the binding is primarily driven by the germline-encoded hydrophobic CDRH-2 motifs of IGHV1-69 and IGHV4-39, with a binding mechanism nearly identical for each antibody derived from different donors. Our results suggest that IGHV1-69 and IGHV4-39, while part of the adaptive immune system, may have evolved under selection pressure to encode a binding motif innately capable of recognizing and neutralizing a structurally conserved protein domain involved in pathogen iron acquisition.
Identification of an orally active small-molecule PTHR1 agonist for the treatment of hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Tamura Tatsuya , Noda Hiroshi , Joyashiki Eri , Hoshino Maiko , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Kinosaki Masahiko , Nishimura Yoshikazu , Esaki Tohru , Ogawa Kotaro , Miyake Taiji , Arai Shinichi , Shimizu Masaru , Kitamura Hidetomo , Sato Haruhiko , Kawabe Yoshiki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractParathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for calcium homeostasis and its action is mediated by the PTH type 1 receptor (PTHR1), a class B G-protein-coupled receptor. Hypoparathyroidism and osteoporosis can be treated with PTH injections; however, no orally effective PTH analogue is available. Here we show that PCO371 is a novel, orally active small molecule that acts as a full agonist of PTHR1. PCO371 does not affect the PTH type 2 receptor (PTHR2), and analysis using PTHR1–PTHR2 chimeric receptors indicated that Proline 415 of PTHR1 is critical for PCO371-mediated PTHR1 activation. Oral administration of PCO371 to osteopenic rats provokes a significant increase in bone turnover with limited increase in bone mass. In hypocalcemic rats, PCO371 restores serum calcium levels without increasing urinary calcium, and with stronger and longer-lasting effects than PTH injections. These results strongly suggest that PCO371 can provide a new treatment option for PTH-related disorders, including hypoparathyroidism.
One-volt-driven superfast polymer actuators based on single-ion conductors
Authors: Kim Onnuri , Kim Hoon , Choi U. Hyeok , Park Moon Jeong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe key challenges in the advancement of actuator technologies related to artificial muscles include fast-response time, low operation voltages and durability. Although several researchers have tackled these challenges over the last few decades, no breakthrough has been made. Here we describe a platform for the development of soft actuators that moves a few millimetres under 1 V in air, with a superfast response time of tens of milliseconds. An essential component of this actuator is the single-ion-conducting polymers that contain well-defined ionic domains through the introduction of zwitterions; this achieved an exceptionally high dielectric constant of 76 and a 300-fold enhancement in ionic conductivity. Moreover, the actuator demonstrated long-term durability, with negligible changes in the actuator stroke over 20,000 cycles in air. Owing to its low-power consumption (only 4 mW), we believe that this actuator could pave the way for cutting-edge biomimetic technologies in the future.
Minimal ingredients for orbital-texture switches at Dirac points in strong spin–orbit coupled materials
Authors: Waugh Justin A , Nummy Thomas , Parham Stephen , Liu Qihang , Zhang Xiuwen , Zunger Alex , Dessau Daniel S 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on strong spin–orbit coupled materials have shown an in-plane orbital-texture switch at their respective Dirac points, regardless of whether they are topological insulators or ‘trivial’ Rashba materials. This feature has also been demonstrated in a few materials (Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and BiTeI) though DFT calculations. Here we present a minimal orbital-derived tight binding model to calculate the electron wavefunction in a two-dimensional crystal lattice. We show that the orbital components of the wavefunction demonstrate an orbital-texture switch in addition to the usual spin switch seen in spin polarised bands. This orbital-texture switch is determined by the existence of three main properties: local or global inversion symmetry breaking, strong spin–orbit coupling and non-local physics (the electrons are on a lattice). Using our model, we demonstrate that the orbital-texture switch is ubiquitous and to be expected in many real systems. The orbital hybridisation of the bands is the key aspect for understanding the unique wavefunction properties of these materials, and this minimal model helps to establish the quantum perturbations that drive these hybridisations.
Dormant cancer cells accumulate high protoporphyrin IX levels and are sensitive to 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy
Authors: Nakayama Taku , Otsuka Shimpei , Kobayashi Tatsuya , Okajima Hodaka , Matsumoto Kentaro , Hagiya Yuichiro , Inoue Keiji , Shuin Taro , Nakajima Motowo , Tanaka Tohru , Ogura Shun-ichiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) and diagnosis (PDD) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to drive the production of an intracellular photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), are in common clinical use. However, the tendency to accumulate PpIX is not well understood. Patients with cancer can develop recurrent metastatic disease with latency periods. This pause can be explained by cancer dormancy. Here we created uniformly sized PC-3 prostate cancer spheroids using a 3D culture plate (EZSPHERE). We demonstrated that cancer cells exhibited dormancy in a cell density-dependent manner not only in spheroids but also in 2D culture. Dormant cancer cells accumulated high PpIX levels and were sensitive to ALA-PDT. In dormant cancer cells, transporter expressions of PEPT1, ALA importer, and ABCB6, an intermediate porphyrin transporter, were upregulated and that of ABCG2, a PpIX exporter, was downregulated. PpIX accumulation and ALA-PDT cytotoxicity were enhanced by G0/G1-phase arrestors in non-dormant cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that ALA-PDT would be an effective approach for dormant cancer cells and can be enhanced by combining with a cell-growth inhibitor.
High flux circularly polarized gamma beam factory: coupling a Fabry-Perot optical cavity with an electron storage ring
Authors: Chaikovska I. , Cassou K. , Chiche R. , Cizeron R. , Cornebise P. , Delerue N. , Jehanno D. , Labaye F. , Marie R. , Martens A. , Peinaud Y. , Soskov V. , Variola A. , Zomer F. , Cormier E. , Lhermite J. , Dolique V. , Flaminio R. , Michel C. , Pinard L. , Sassolas B. , Akagi T. , Araki S. , Honda Y. , Omori T. , Terunuma N. , Urakawa J. , Miyoshi S. , Takahashi T. , Yoshitama H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report and discuss high-flux generation of circularly polarized γ-rays by means of Compton scattering. The γ-ray beam results from the collision of an external-cavity-enhanced infrared laser beam and a low emittance relativistic electron beam. By operating a non-planar bow-tie high-finesse optical Fabry-Perot cavity coupled to a storage ring, we have recorded a flux of up to (3.5 ± 0.3) × 108 photons per second with a mean measured energy of 24 MeV. The γ-ray flux has been sustained for several hours. In particular, we were able to measure a record value of up to 400 γ-rays per collision in a full bandwidth. Moreover, the impact of Compton scattering on the electron beam dynamics could be observed resulting in a reduction of the electron beam lifetime correlated to the laser power stored in the Fabry-Perot cavity. We demonstrate that the electron beam lifetime provides an independent and consistent determination of the γ-ray flux. Furthermore, a reduction of the γ-ray flux due to intrabeam scattering has clearly been identified. These results, obtained on an accelerator test facility, warrant potential scaling and revealed both expected and yet unobserved effects. They set the baseline for further scaling of the future Compton sources under development around the world.
Robust signatures detection of Majorana fermions in superconducting iron chains
Authors: Chen Hua-Jun , Fang Xian-Wen , Chen Chang-Zhao , Li Yang , Tang Xu-Dong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe theoretically propose an optical means to detect Majorana fermions in superconducting iron (Fe) chains with a hybrid quantum dot-nanomechanical resonator system driven by two-tone fields, which is very different from the current tunneling spectroscopy experiments with electrical means. Based on the scheme, the phenomenon of Majorana modes induced transparency is demonstrated and a straightforward method to determine the quantum dot-Majorana fermions coupling strength is also presented. We further investigate the role of the nanomechanical resonator, and the resonator behaving as a phonon cavity enhances the exciton resonance spectrum, which is robust for detecting of Majorana fermions. The coherent optical spectrum affords a potential supplement to detecte Majorana fermions and supports Majorana fermions-based topological quantum computation in superconducting iron chains.
A van der Waals-like Transition Between Normal and Cancerous Phases in Cell Populations Dynamics of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Qiu Kang , Wang Li-fang , Shen Jian , Yousif Alssadig A. M. , He Peng , Shao Dan-dan , Zhang Xiao-min , Kirunda John B. , Jia Ya 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBased on a deterministic continuous model of cell populations dynamics in the colonic crypt and in colorectal cancer, we propose four combinations of feedback mechanisms in the differentiations from stem cells (SCs) to transit cells (TCs) and then to differentiated cells (DCs), the four combinations include the double linear (LL), the linear and saturating (LS), the saturating and linear (SL), and the double saturating (SS) feedbacks, respectively. The relative fluctuations of the population of SCs, TCs, and DCs around equilibrium states with four feedback mechanisms are studied by using the Langevin method. With the increasing of net growth rate of TCs, it is found that the Fano factors of TCs and DCs go to a peak in a transient phase, and then increase again to infinity in the cases of LS and SS feedbacks. The “up-down-up” characteristic on the Fano factor (like the van der Waals loop) demonstrates that there exists a transient phase between the normal and cancerous phases, our novel findings suggest that the mathematical model with LS or SS feedback might be better to elucidate the dynamics of a normal and abnormal (cancerous) phases.