bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotid siphon morphology: Is it associated with posterior communicating aneurysms?
Authors: Labeyrie Paul-Emile , Gory Benjamin , Huguet Nazyad , Grenier Charlotte , Ditac Geoffroy , Sadeh-Gonik Udi , Riva Roberto , Turjman Francis 
Published: March 2016

Background and purpose Posterior communicating artery (PComA) aneurysm seems to behave uniquely compared with other intracranial aneurysms at different locations. The association between the morphology of the carotid siphon and PComA aneurysms is not well known. This study aimed to investigate whether the anatomical characteristics of the carotid siphon are associated with the formation and rupture of PComA aneurysms. Methods One hundred and thirty-two patients were retrospectively reviewed in a monocentric case–control study. Sixty-seven consecutive patients with PComA aneurysms were included in the case group, and 65 patients with anterior circulation aneurysm situated in other intracranial locations were included in the control group, matched by age and sex. Morphological characteristics of the carotid siphon were analyzed using angiography images. A univariate analysis was used to investigate the association between the morphological characteristics and the formation of PComA aneurysms. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis within the case group compared ruptured and non-ruptured PComA aneurysms. Results Patients with PComA aneurysm had a significantly (1.31 ± 0.70 vs. 0.82 ± 0.46; P < 0.001) larger PComA. No association was observed between the morphological characteristics of the carotid siphon and the presence of a PComA aneurysm. Likewise, subgroup analysis showed no significant association between morphological characteristics of the carotid siphon and aneurysm rupture. Conclusions This case–control study shows that the carotid siphon morphology seems not to be related to PComA aneurysm formation or rupture.
Socioeconomic deprivation and mortality in people after ischemic stroke: The China National Stroke Registry
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Song Tian , Chen Ruoling , Li Hao , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Wang Chunxue , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: March 2016

Background Previous findings of the association between socioeconomic deprivation and mortality after ischemic stroke are inconsistent. There is a lack of data on the association with combined low education, occupational class, and income. We assessed the associations of three indicators with mortality. Methods We examined data from the China National Stroke Registry, recording all stroke patients occurred between September 2007 and August 2008. Baseline socioeconomic deprivation was measured using low levels of education at <6 years, occupation as manual laboring, and average family income per capita at ≤¥1000 per month. A total of 12,246 patients with ischemic stroke were analyzed. Results In a 12-month follow-up 1640 patients died. After adjustment for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, severity of stroke, and prehospital medications, odds ratio for mortality in patients with low education was 1.25 (95%CI 1.05–1.48), manual laboring 1.37 (1.09–1.72), and low income 1.19 (1.03–1.37). Further adjustment for acute care and medications in and after hospital made no substantial changes in these odds ratios, except a marginal significant odds ratio for low income (1.15, 0.99–1.33). The odds ratio for low income was 1.27 (1.01–1.60) within patients with high education. Compared with no socioeconomic deprivation, the odds ratio in patients with socioeconomic deprivation determined by any one indicator was 1.33 (1.11–1.59), by any two indicators 1.36 (1.10–1.69), and by all three indicators 1.56 (1.23–1.97). Conclusions There are significant inequalities in survival after ischemic stroke in China in terms of social and material forms of deprivation. General socioeconomic improvement, targeting groups at high risk of mortality is likely to reduce inequality in survival after stroke.
Moving treatment-free remission into mainstream clinical practice in CML
Authors: Hughes Timothy P. , Ross David M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The dramatic success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has led to the widespread perception that chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has become another chronic disease, where lifelong commitment to pharmacologic control is the paradigm. Recent trials demonstrate that some CML patients who have achieved stable deep molecular response can safely cease their therapy without relapsing (treatment free remission [TFR]). Furthermore, those who are unsuccessful in their cessation attempt can safely re-establish remission after restarting their TKI therapy. Based on the accumulated data on TFR, we propose that it is now time to change our approach for the many CML patients who have achieved a stable deep molecular response on long-term TKI therapy. Perhaps half of these patients could successfully achieve TFR if offered the opportunity. For many of these patients ongoing therapy is impairing quality of life and imposing a heavy financial burden while arguably achieving nothing. This recommendation is based on the evident safety of cessation attempts and TFR in the clinical trial setting. We acknowledge that there are potential risks associated with cessation attempts in wider clinical practice, but this should not deter us. Instead we need to establish criteria for safe and appropriate TKI cessation. Clinical trials will enable us to define the best strategies to achieve TFR, but clinicians need guidance today about how to approach this issue with their patients. We outline circumstances in which it would be in the patient's best interest to continue TKI, as well as criteria for a safe TFR attempt.
Homozygous calreticulin mutations in patients with myelofibrosis lead to acquired myeloperoxidase deficiency
Authors: Theocharides Alexandre P. A. , Lundberg Pontus , Lakkaraju Asvin K. K. , Lysenko Veronika , Myburgh Renier , Aguzzi Adriano , Skoda Radek C. , Manz Markus G. 
Published: March 2016

Key PointsAcquired MPO deficiency in patients with MPN is uniquely associated with homozygous CALR mutations. In line with a posttranscriptional defect, MPO deficiency results from reduced MPO protein levels, but not from decreased MPO mRNA.
Existence of solution and algorithms for a class of bilevel variational inequalities with hierarchical nesting structure
Authors: Li Gaoxi , Wan Zhongping , Chen Jia-wei , Zhao Xiaoke 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper we consider a class of bilevel variational inequalities with hierarchical nesting structure. We first of all get the existence of a solution for this problem by using the Himmelberg fixed point theorem. Then the uniqueness of the solution for an upper-level variational inequality is given under some mild conditions. By using gap functions of the upper-level and lower-level variational inequalities, we transform bilevel variational inequalities into a one-level variational inequality. Moreover, we propose two iterative algorithms to find the solutions of the bilevel variational inequalities. Finally, the convergence of the proposed algorithm is derived under some mild conditions.
Investigation of mechanical properties of Armco-iron during fatigue test
Authors: Vshivkov А. , Prokhorov А. , Uvarov S. , Plekhov O. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background
In this paper the mechanical properties of armco-iron are studied experimentally. The ultrasonic testing machine USF-2000 was used to carry out fatigue tests involving 106–1010 loading cycles. The frequency of loading is 19.5 ± 0.5 kHz. Based on the experimental data, the Wöhler curve was obtained.

Methods
For the analysis of physical condition, two new sensors were designed, one of which measured the electric resistance of the sample and the other measured the magnetic permeability. Second measuring method can be applied to ferromagnetic materials only, though it may be useful for studying the mechanical properties of metals in general.

Results
It was shown that the significant changes in physical processes accompanying the evolution of structural defects in the material were observed in the final stages of the experiment.

Conclusions
The applied measurement techniques allowed us to exactly determine the time of fatigue crack initiation below the surface the material, which cannot be monitored by the standard optic methods.
The p.Leu167del Mutation in APOE Gene Causes Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia by Down-regulation of LDL Receptor Expression in Hepatocytes
Authors: Cenarro Ana , Etxebarria Aitor , de Castro-Orós Isabel , Stef Marianne , Bea Ana M. , Palacios Lourdes , Mateo-Gallego Rocío , Benito-Vicente Asier , Ostolaza Helena , Tejedor Teresa , Martín César , Civeira Fernando 
Published: March 2016

AbstractContext:The p.Leu167del mutation in the APOE gene has been associated with hyperlipidemia.Objectives:Our objective was to determine the frequency of p.Leu167del mutation in APOE gene in subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) in whom LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 mutations had been excluded and to identify the mechanisms by which this mutant apo E causes hypercholesterolemia.Design:The APOE gene was analyzed in a case-control study.Setting:The study was conducted at a University Hospital Lipid Clinic.Patients or Other Participants:Two groups (ADH, 288 patients; control, 220 normolipidemic subjects) were included.Intervention:We performed sequencing of APOE gene and proteomic and cellular experiments.Main Outcome Measure:To determine the frequency of the p.Leu167del mutation and the mechanism by which it causes hypercholesterolemia.Results:In the ADH group, nine subjects (3.1%) were carriers of the APOE c.500_502delTCC, p.Leu167del mutation, cosegregating with hypercholesterolemia in studied families. Proteomic quantification of wild-type and mutant apo E in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) from carrier subjects revealed that apo E3 is almost a 5-fold increase compared to mutant apo E. Cultured cell studies revealed that VLDL from mutation carriers had a significantly higher uptake by HepG2 and THP-1 cells compared to VLDL from subjects with E3/E3 or E2/E2 genotypes. Transcriptional down-regulation of LDLR was also confirmed.Conclusions:p.Leu167del mutation in APOE gene is the cause of hypercholesterolemia in the 3.1% of our ADH subjects without LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 mutations. The mechanism by which this mutation is associated to ADH is that VLDL carrying the mutant apo E produces LDLR down-regulation, thereby raising plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Pubertal Onset in Boys and Girls Is Influenced by Pubertal Timing of Both Parents
Authors: Wohlfahrt-Veje Christine , Mouritsen Annette , Hagen Casper P. , Tinggaard Jeanette , Mieritz Mikkel Grunnet , Boas Malene , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Skakkebæk Niels E. , Main Katharina M. 
Published: March 2016

Context:
Epidemiological evidence on maternal and paternal heritability of the wide normal variation within pubertal timing is sparse.

Objective:
We aimed to estimate the impact of parental pubertal timing on the onset of puberty in boys and girls.

Design:
Annual pubertal examinations of healthy children in a longitudinal cohort study. Information on parental timing of puberty (earlier, comparable to, or later compared to peers) and menarche age was retrieved from questionnaires.

Participants:
A total of 672 girls and 846 boys.

Main Outcome Measures:
Age at onset of pubic hair (PH2+), breasts (B2+), and menarche in girls; and PH2+, genital stage (G2+), and testis &gt;3 mL with orchidometer (Tvol3+) in boys.

Results:
In boys, pubertal onset was significantly associated with pubertal timing of both parents. PH2+ and Tvol3+ were earlier: −11.8 months (95% confidence interval, −16.8, −6.8)/−8.9 (−12.8, −4.9), and −9.5 (−13.9, −5.1)/−7.1 (−10.4, −3.7) if the father/mother, respectively, had early pubertal development compared to late. In girls, menarche was significantly associated with both parents' pubertal timing: −10.5 months (−15.9, −5.1)/−10.1 (−14.3, −6.0) if father/mother had early pubertal development compared to late. For the onset of PH2+ and B2+ in girls, estimates were −7.0 months (−12.6, −1.4) and −4.1 (−10.6, +2.4)/−6.7 (−11.0, −2.5), and −6.7 (−11.0, −2.0) for fathers/mothers, respectively. Maternal age of menarche was significantly associated with the onset of all pubertal milestones except PH2+ in girls.

Conclusions:
Maternal as well as paternal pubertal timing was a strong determinant of age at pubertal onset in both girls and boys. Age at breast and pubic hair development in girls, which has declined most during recent years, seemed to be least dependent on heritability.
The Relationship Between Oxygen Reserve Index and Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen During Surgery
Authors: Applegate Richard L. , Dorotta Ihab L. , Wells Briana , Juma David , Applegate Patricia M. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:
The use of intraoperative pulse oximetry (Spo
2) enhances hypoxia detection and is associated with fewer perioperative hypoxic events. However, Spo
2 may be reported as 98% when arterial partial pressure of oxygen (Pao
2) is as low as 70 mm Hg. Therefore, Spo
2 may not provide advance warning of falling arterial oxygenation until Pao
2 approaches this level. Multiwave pulse co-oximetry can provide a calculated oxygen reserve index (ORI) that may add to information from pulse oximetry when Spo
2 is >98%. This study evaluates the ORI to Pao
2 relationship during surgery.

METHODS:
We studied patients undergoing scheduled surgery in which arterial catheterization and intraoperative arterial blood gas analysis were planned. Data from multiple pulse co-oximetry sensors on each patient were continuously collected and stored on a research computer. Regression analysis was used to compare ORI with Pao
2 obtained from each arterial blood gas measurement and changes in ORI with changes in Pao
2 from sequential measurements. Linear mixed-effects regression models for repeated measures were then used to account for within-subject correlation across the repeatedly measured Pao
2 and ORI and for the unequal time intervals of Pao
2 determination over elapsed surgical time. Regression plots were inspected for ORI values corresponding to Pao
2 of 100 and 150 mm Hg. ORI and Pao
2 were compared using mixed-effects models with a subject-specific random intercept.

RESULTS:
ORI values and Pao
2 measurements were obtained from intraoperative data collected from 106 patients. Regression analysis showed that the ORI to Pao
2 relationship was stronger for Pao
2 to 240 mm Hg (r
2 = 0.536) than for Pao
2 over 240 mm Hg (r
2 = 0.0016). Measured Pao
2 was ≥100 mm Hg for all ORI over 0.24. Measured Pao
2 was ≥150 mm Hg in 96.6% of samples when ORI was over 0.55. A random intercept variance component linear mixed-effects model for repeated measures indicated that Pao
2 was significantly related to ORI (β[95% confidence interval] = 0.002 [0.0019–0.0022]; P < 0.0001). A similar analysis indicated a significant relationship between change in Pao
2 and change in ORI (β [95% confidence interval] = 0.0044 [0.0040–0.0048]; P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings suggest that ORI >0.24 can distinguish Pao
2 ≥100 mm Hg when Spo
2 is over 98%. Similarly, ORI > 0.55 appears to be a threshold to distinguish Pao
2 ≥150 mm Hg. The usefulness of these values should be evaluated prospectively. Decreases in ORI to near 0.24 may provide advance indication of falling Pao
2 approaching 100 mm Hg when Spo
2 is >98%. The clinical utility of interventions based on continuous ORI monitoring should be studied prospectively.
Spontaneous shaker rat mutant – a new model for X-linked tremor/ataxia
Authors: Figueroa Karla P. , Paul Sharan , Calì Tito , Lopreiato Raffaele , Karan Sukanya , Frizzarin Martina , Ames Darren , Zanni Ginevra , Brini Marisa , Dansithong Warunee , Milash Brett , Scoles Daniel R. , Carafoli Ernesto , Pulst Stefan M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The shaker rat is an X-linked recessive spontaneous model of progressive Purkinje cell (PC) degeneration exhibiting a shaking ataxia and wide stance. Generation of Wistar Furth (WF)/Brown Norwegian (BN) F1 hybrids and genetic mapping of F2 sib-sib offspring using polymorphic markers narrowed the candidate gene region to 26 Mbp denoted by the last recombinant genetic marker DXRat21 at 133 Mbp to qter (the end of the long arm). In the WF background, the shaker mutation has complete penetrance, results in a stereotypic phenotype and there is a narrow window for age of disease onset; by contrast, the F2 hybrid phenotype was more varied, with a later age of onset and likely non-penetrance of the mutation. By deep RNA-sequencing, five variants were found in the candidate region; four were novel without known annotation. One of the variants caused an arginine (R) to cysteine (C) change at codon 35 of the ATPase, Ca2+ transporting, plasma membrane 3 (Atp2b3) gene encoding PMCA3 that has high expression in the cerebellum. The variant was well supported by hundreds of overlapping reads, and was found in 100% of all affected replicas and 0% of the wild-type (WT) replicas. The mutation segregated with disease in all affected animals and the amino acid change was found in an evolutionarily conserved region of PMCA3. Despite strong genetic evidence for pathogenicity, in vitro analyses of PMCA3R35C function did not show any differences to WT PMCA3. Because Atp2b3 mutation leads to congenital ataxia in humans, the identified Atp2b3 missense change in the shaker rat presents a good candidate for the shaker rat phenotype based on genetic criteria, but cannot yet be considered a definite pathogenic variant owing to lack of functional changes.
Increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hypothalamus of diabetic male mice in the insulin receptor substrate-2 knockout model
Authors: Baquedano Eva , Burgos-Ramos Emma , Canelles Sandra , González-Rodríguez Agueda , Chowen Julie A. , Argente Jesús , Barrios Vicente , Valverde Angela M. , Frago Laura M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Insulin receptor substrate-2-deficient (IRS2−/−) mice are considered a good model to study the development of diabetes because IRS proteins mediate the pleiotropic effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin on metabolism, mitogenesis and cell survival. The hypothalamus might play a key role in the early onset of diabetes, owing to its involvement in the control of glucose homeostasis and energy balance. Because some inflammatory markers are elevated in the hypothalamus of diabetic IRS2−/− mice, our aim was to analyze whether the diabetes associated with the absence of IRS2 results in hypothalamic injury and to analyze the intracellular mechanisms involved. Only diabetic IRS2−/− mice showed increased cell death and activation of caspase-8 and -3 in the hypothalamus. Regulators of apoptosis such as FADD, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p53 were also increased, whereas p-IκB and c-FLIPL were decreased. This was accompanied by increased levels of Nox-4 and catalase, enzymes involved in oxidative stress. In summary, the hypothalamus of diabetic IRS2−/− mice showed an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers that finally resulted in cell death via substantial activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Conversely, non-diabetic IRS2−/− mice did not show cell death in the hypothalamus, possibly owing to an increase in the levels of circulating IGF-I and in the enhanced hypothalamic IGF-IR phosphorylation that would lead to the stimulation of survival pathways. In conclusion, diabetes in IRS2-deficient male mice is associated with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hypothalamus.
Topical issues of the calculation of residual service life
Authors: Евтушенко Сергей , Evtushenko Sergey , Крахмальный Тимофей , Krakhmalnyy Timofey , Крахмальная Марина , Krakhmalnaya Marina 
Published: March 2016

Authors reflected the historical background of an assessment
of a residual resource of bridge constructions, and also values
of coefficients of the importance of construction designs of a bridge
construction received by authors by results of calculation.
M.M. Rubinstein’s Philosophy of the Individual in the Overall Humanitarian Context of the 20–30s of the XX Century on the Example of the Work «On the Meaning of Life»
Authors: Колесниченко  , Kolesnichenko Yu. 
Published: March 2016

The article presents an experience research of little-known
concept of the personality of the philosopher of the twentieth
century M.M. Rubinstein. An attempt was made to correlate the
meaning of his concept of the centers with the overall development
trend of domestic philosophical knowledge of 20–30s of the XX
century. Using the synchronic and diachronic approaches to the
study of the problem, the hermeneutic and analytical research
methods, the author defines terminology borders of ontognoseology,
socio-philosophical and psychological interpretations of the
concept of the person as a fundamental philosophical category.
The Tidewater Z-Degree and the INTRO Model for Sustaining OER Adoption
Authors: Wiley David , Williams Linda , DeMarte Daniel , Hilton John 
Published: March 2016

A growing body of research confirms the financial and academic benefits that accrue to students whose faculty adopt open educational resources, or OER. While there are no content licensing costs associated with using OER, there are several real costs that must be incurred by an institution that chooses to support its faculty in adopting OER. The Z-Degree initiative at Tidewater Community College utilizes only OER for the 21 courses, providing a pathway for students to earn an associate of science degree in business administration without ever buying a textbook. The authors introduce and illustrate the INTRO (INcreased Tuition Revenue through OER) model for sustaining the provision of OER adoption services. The adoption of OER as part of the Z-Degree decreases drop rates among Tidewater students, allowing the institution to retain tuition revenue it would otherwise have refunded. This retained revenue provides a renewable source of funds to sustainably support the adoption of OER.
Mysteries of Lisbon: Story and Structure
Authors: Deutelbaum Marshall 
Published: March 2016

This essay analyzes the structure of Mysteries of Lisbon by reconstructing its story in chronological sequence and by examining how in place of the single character striving to achieve a goal or solve a puzzle as one would expect to discover at the heart of the typical classical Hollywood film, Mysteries of Lisbon employs an unusual, echoing structure between the film’s two parts that tightly interrelates the actions of multiple characters who appear otherwise to be related merely by apparent coincidence.