bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roughness Measurement of Dental Materials
Authors: Shulev Assen , Roussev Ilia , Karpuzov Simeon , Stoilov Georgi , Ignatova Detelina , See Constantin von , Mitov Gergo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a roughness measurement of zirconia ceramics, widely used for dental applications. Surface roughness variations caused by the most commonly used dental instruments for intraoral grinding and polishing are estimated. The applied technique is simple and utilizes the speckle properties of the scattered laser light. It could be easily implemented even in dental clinic environment. The main criteria for roughness estimation is the average speckle size, which varies with the roughness of zirconia. The algorithm used for the speckle size estimation is based on the normalized autocorrelation approach.
Automatic Bone Drilling – More Precise, Reliable and Safe Manipulation in the Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Boiadjiev George , Kastelov Rumen , Boiadjiev Tony , Delchev Kamen , Zagurski Kazimir 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Bone drilling manipulation often occurs in the orthopaedic surgery. By statistics, nowadays, about one million people only in Europe need such an operation every year, where bone implants are inserted. Almost always, the drilling is performed handily, which cannot avoid the subjective factor influence. The question of subjective factor reduction has its answer - automatic bone drilling.
The specific features and problems of orthopaedic drilling manipulation are considered in this work. The automatic drilling is presented according the possibilities of robotized system Orthopaedic Drilling Robot (ODRO) for assuring the manipulation accuracy, precision, reliability and safety.
Stance and politeness in spoken Latvian
Authors: Chojnicka Joanna 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The present article is concerned with the concept of stance and its relationship to face, face work and politeness applied to Latvian spoken discourse. It offers an extensive review of relevant literature on stance and politeness theories, followed by an illustrative analysis of politeness strategies and stance markers found in a radio interview. On this basis, the article argues that stance markers - epistemic, evidential, mirative and hedging devices - may be considered a negative politeness strategy, responding to the speaker’s and hearer’s desire for autonomy. In conclusion, it suggests a hypothesis that could explain differing use of stance markers and politeness strategies by speakers fulfilling varying conversational roles and of various social standing.
From bodily posture to progressive aspect marker
Authors: Ismail Najib 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The fact that posture verbs tend to grammaticalize into aspectual markers of progressivity in a wide-range of (un)related languages makes them particularly interesting objects of study. The present paper aims to contribute to our understanding of how the active posture participle “yālis” (sitting) plus imperfective verb have come to express the progressive aspect in Emirati Arabic. The proposed answer to this puzzling question involves the claim that, crosslinguistically, progressive constructions are known to originate from locative constructions in which the agent is described as in the midst of an activity. The function of “yālis” (sitting) as an auxiliary verb - like appears to be the result of a grammaticalization process, as certain principles of grammaticalization such as desemanticization, extension, and decategorialization were found to apply to it. Data from Emirati Arabic variety suggest that the construction has undergone semantic and morphosyntatctic changes but retained its phonetic content. As part of the new construction, the active participle “yālis” (sitting) has also changed its argument structure.
On focus marking and predication. Evidence from Polish with some notes on Hausa
Authors: Tajsner Przemysław 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The primary aim of the paper is to provide a new, derivational analysis of two types of Polish sentences with the occurrence of a particle to, which syntactically code focus and topic. These are: to-clefts (To Janek napisał list. ‘It was Janek who wrote the letter’), and topic-to sentences (Janek to napisał list. ‘As for Janek, he wrote the letter’). The secondary aim is to reflect on the relevance of the isomorphism of focus markers and non-verbal copulas in Polish with some reference to Hausa.
Method: The approach follows a minimalist method but departs from cartographic accounts with dedicated heads in sentence left-periphery. Instead, it postulates that focus and topic are interpretive by-effects of Specification Predication. In this, the paper extends and modifies Kiss’s (2006, 2010) central idea that focusing is predication.
Result & Conclusion: The account proves successful in explaining a few syntactic constraints, doing so in a simple, unitary fashion. Viewing focus as a derivative of predication is a step towards understanding the relation between narrow syntax and information structure.
Gaulish SUIOREBE ‘with two sisters’
Authors: Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak. Gaulish SUIOREBE ‘with two sisters’. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, pp. 59-62
Traces of the dual number may be identified in the Gaulish language on the basis of the historical-comparative method. It is suggested that the Gaulish form SUIOREBE represents an instrumental dual with the sociative meaning ‘with two sisters’. The conclusion is that the Gaulish SUIOREBE contains the dual base SUIORE- (< IE. *swesore ‘two sisters’) accompanied by the dual ending -BE (< IE. *-bhēm).
Indo-Aryan ergativity and its analogues in languages of Central and Western Eurasia
Authors: Zakharyin Boris 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Boris Zakharyin. Indo-Aryan ergativity and its analogues in languages of Central and Western Eurasia. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences, PL ISSN 0079-4740, pp. 63-75
Ergativity, being a typologically significant feature, serves as basis for a bunch of genetically and structurally different languages of Eurasia. The paper suggests the bird’s eye view of its manifestation in the selected samples of Indo-Iranian, Tibeto-Burman, Caucasian and Euskara (the Basque language of Spain). The provided analysis allows to assume that split ergativity displayed by certain Indo-Iranian languages is of the same (participial) origin and partially may have also been influenced by contact-factors. Consistent ergativity characterizing the majority of the Caucasian languages and Euskara is a phenomenon of semo-syntactic nature realizing itself on all the grammatical levels.
Mobile Technologies for Foreign Language Learning
Authors: Šimonová Ivana 
Published: July 2016

Abstract ‘Learning is much better with tablets’, today’s pupils and students often say. But, is it really true? Are the mobile devices and mobile technologies the mean performing didactic miracles? Do they really cause students enjoy learning and learn more with less effort? Even an optimist guesses it may not be like this. Do we (teachers) know how the mobile-assisted process of learning runs, what its advantages, weaknesses and limits are, whether learners really remember more, and/or enjoy the learning more? What is the role of the ‘novelty’ factor regarding the latest technologies? Do learners know how to exploit them for education purposes? And last but not least, what are teachers’ competences in this field? These are selected fields we are going to focus on.
Multi-Sensory Learning Strategies to Support Spelling Development: a Case Study of Second-Language Learners with Auditory Processing Difficulties
Authors: Staden Annalene van , Purcell Nicole 
Published: July 2016

Abstract Research confirms the multifaceted nature of spelling development and emphasizes the importance of both cognitive and linguistic skills (such as working and long-term memory, phonological processing, rapid automatized naming, orthographic awareness, mental orthographic images, semantic knowledge and morphological awareness) that affect spelling development. This has clear implications for many second-language spellers (L2) with auditory processing difficulties because writing systems are graphic representations of spoken language, and literacy development involves learning the association between the printed and oral forms of language (also known as phonological awareness and processing). In the present investigation, the researchers sampled second-language spellers (n = 22) with significant auditory processing delays and implemented an intervention programme that utilized visual and tactile coding strategies as part of the multi-sensory intervention therapy programme (for a period of six months). Post-test results were very promising and showed that L2 English-language spellers significantly improved in both short-term memory processing, phonological awareness and spelling performances. Considering this investigation’s contribution to effectively supporting the spelling development of children with auditory processing delays, the researchers are confident that it will expand and improve existing theoretical accounts of literacy (and spelling) acquisition in the field of psycholinguistics, whilst also facilitating the academic success of the growing L2 learner population in South Africa (and internationally).
Cognitive-Pragmatic Aspects of Translation and Interpretation within Discourses
Authors: Cholodová Uljana 
Published: July 2016

Abstract The aim of this investigation is a comparative description of translation and interpretation in terms of modern communication technology, translation, and discourse studies. Each type of translation work, either oral or written, has its own specific requirements for the translator and the final result of his work - translation. A description of both types of translation cannot suffice without taking into account pragmatics, psycholinguistics, and the pragmatic scope of each text. A more important final result is the right linguistic expression in compliance with the grammatical, semantic, and stylistic rules of the target language. Special attention should be paid to extralinguistic factors - certain communicative situations that create special conditions for interpreting, including the place, time, recipients, and environment (interfering noise). The article describes different types of interpreting and draws the reader’s attention to the controversial question of the interpreter’s natural ability and the possibility of achieving excellence in interpreting through the intensive practising of skills simultaneously with a profound knowledge of certain languages and the translator or interpreter’s general educational development.Translation usually gives the translator more time for focusing and considering the choice of the necessary lexico-grammatical and stylistic elements for a certain text. Interpretation requires an immediate reaction from the interpreter, who is in a constant state of stress and works under pressure. The translator of a written text is not only the person who renders the original text, but he is also the creator of a new written version of the text that can be read and, discussed, with its own mistakes in it. Interpreting is much more neutral and invisible to the addressee; the main thing here is the pragmatic transfer of the original information.For the research the first-hand experience of teaching students in a class of translating and interpreting, with the presentation of examples in Czech and Ukrainian, is used.The author comes to the conclusion that common features of interpretation and translation include the need for high language competence and the translator’s general erudition (excellent language skills, knowledge of features of the cultural background, a functional approach to linguistic means, and a developed aesthetic and cultural perception). But, considering that the requirements for performers of translation and interpretation are different, even in the scientific literature the assertion whether the professional specialist exists at all and can be a true professional in both translating and interpreting remains debatable.
Arylxanthones and arylacridones: a synthetic overview
Authors: Santos Clementina M. M. , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Silva Vera L. M. , Silva Artur M. S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Arylxanthones and arylacridones although not yet found in nature are becoming an important group of heterocyclic compounds due to their promising biological activities. Their central cores, xanthone and acridone, are recognized as interesting motifs for drug development mainly to be used in antitumour chemotherapy. The synthesis of this type of compounds is still scarce but several successful examples were recently published and a large variety of arylated xanthone and acridone derivatives were prepared. A systematic survey of the literature dedicated to their synthesis will be presented and discussed in this review.
„Phänomenalisierung des Begriffs“
Authors: Schäfer Rainer 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Hölderlins Idee der Athletentugend wird in ihrem Kontext, der sogenannten „abendländischen Wendung“ untersucht. Der Dichter-Denker setzt die Bedeutung des Körperlichen im antiken Griechenland und im modernen Deutschland in eine spezifische Relation, die kulturellen Austausch über die historischen und topographischen Differenzen hinweg erlaubt. Der menschliche Körper wird als „phänomenalisierter Begriff“ gedeutet, in dem sich die beiden Bedingungen des Menschseins aktualisieren, nämlich die Fähigkeit einerseits zur Reflexion und andererseits zur Aktion. In den unterschiedlichen Auffassungen athletischer Körperlichkeit in Antike und Gegenwart, Hellas und Hesperien, wird erfahrbar, was die Moderne von der Antike lernen kann.
Körperwissen im Candomblé
Authors: Schmidt Bettina E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Die Geisterbesessenheit ist ein weltweites Phänomen, das aus emischer Sicht als ein Zustand beschrieben wird, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Geist und Körper temporär gestört ist und ein fremdes Wesen den Körper beherrscht. In diesem Beitrag steht der menschliche Körper im Mittelpunkt. Am Beispiel der Initiation im Candomblé, einer afrobrasilianischen Religion, wird gezeigt, wie sowohl der Mensch als auch der Geist erlernen müssen, sich „korrekt“, d. h. nach den Regeln der Gemeinschaft, zu bewegen. Anhand des Körperkonzepts im Candomblé wird außerdem erklärt, warum eine Person – nach der Vorstellung der Gläubigen – erst durch die Geisterbesessenheit bei der Initiation erschaffen wird.
Körperwissen im Tanz – Bewegung und Übertragung
Authors: Brandstetter Gabriele 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDer Artikel verfolgt die Frage, in welcher Weise in Tänzen kulturelles und individuelles Wissen über Bewegungsweisen und Körper-Interaktionen gespeichert und performativ verfügbar ist. Ausgehend von der Forschungsdiskussion zu Archiven, Re-Konstruktionen und Re-Enactment wird gefragt, wie Bewegung übertragen und tradiert wird. Welche Modi von „Speicherung“ – als Embodiment und als kulturelles Wissen – zeigen sich in Körper- und Bewegungspraktiken in historischen und zeitgenössischen Tanzformen? Und welche Transformationen dieses Wissens entfalten sich in den Übertragungen von Tanz- und Trainings-formen in Globalisierungsprozessen in und zwischen Kulturen?
Körperwissen im therapeutischen Theater
Authors: Warstat Matthias 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In dem Beitrag werden ausgewählte Formen therapeutischen Theaters aus dem 20. Jahrhundert auf ein in ihnen wirksames Körperwissen befragt. Besondere Bedeutung kommt dabei dem Katharsis-Begriff zu: Im modernen therapeutischen Theater, so die These, begegnet die Idee der Katharsis, d. h. der Reinigung und Entladung von Affekten, in einer speziellen Variante, die man als ‚Handlungskatharsis‘ bezeichnen kann: Kathartische Effekte werden nicht einem Publikum, sondern den Akteuren versprochen. Zugleich werden diese kathartischen Effekte als ein körperlich sichtbares und damit auch überprüfbares Phänomen konzipiert. Körperwissen erscheint als ein diagnostisches Wissen, das zur Kontrolle der Beteiligten eingesetzt werden kann. Zu beobachten ist ein reger Transfer von Körperwissen aus dem engeren Bereich des (Kunst-)Theaters in andere gesellschaftliche Teilsysteme. Diese Transfers fügen sich ein in eine einflussreiche Spielart gesellschaftlicher Theatralität, die sich theatrales Handeln als Test, d. h. als ein Mittel der Aufdeckung und Prüfung von Subjektivitäten zunutze macht.
Physical activity and functional shortening of the muscles of the lower limbs in pupils aged between 14-16
Authors: Kuraczowska Katarzyna , Ligarska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate how sports activity influences the extent and incidence of muscle shortening in lower limbs in physically active and inactive young women. Material and methods: A group of 30 pupils aged between 14-16 was tested. Fifteen pupils out of the group regularly played volleyball in TRS Siła Ustroń sports club, while the remaining fifteen were physically inactive. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) system was used to assess the level of motor ability, and four functional tests were used to measure the length of lower limbs muscles based on the use of V-Rippstein plurimeter. In addition to tests the students also filled out a questionnaire. Results: The results of the analysis showed that among the physically inactive pupils the muscle shortening occurred more frequently in comparison to the students who played volleyball. Moreover, the results of the FMS indicated that the young women who took up sports had a higher level of motor ability than their peers. Conclusions: Regular physical activity improves and maintains normal length of muscles of lower limbs.
Physical therapy and health-social benefits of controlled physical activities in disability children
Authors: Kornatovska Zuzana 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyse anthropometric indicators, e.g. quiescent heart rate, quiescent respiratory rate and heart rate burden, in children with mental, hearing, visual disabilities participated in intervention programs of controlled physical activities. Material and methods: 180 children: 90 males, 90 females, aged 8-15 years, were divided in experimental and control samples according researched disabilities. Intervention method was realised in 10 months period. 3 times in 10 months of intervention program was provided an investigation, followed by data analysis. Relations of dependent variables to probands’ sex, to experiment and its exact phases were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA, software Statgraphics Centurion. Results: A tendency for a decrease in quiescent heart rate and quiescent respiratory rate was found among both boys and girls from all experimental groups, whereas for the controls this value either stayed at baseline level or even increased. In the case of heart rate burden, the values significantly decreased for the experimental groups and increased for the control group members. Conclusions: The presented evaluation of the positive changes shows that the hypothesis has been verified in all three aspects. Significant positive changes were approved in the monitored indicators through the intervention programs of controlled physical activities in children with mental, hearing or visual disabilities. The results verified the specific prevention and treatment benefits of controlled physical activities in the child disability context in the important age period of 8-15 years.
Experiences and prophylactic of panic attacks. The case of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Florkowski Robert 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe MRI apparatus, which is the most popular in present clinical settings, looks like a massive tube or the entrance to a mysterious alien spaceship. The patient has to enter this machine and remain motionless during the entire procedure. Placement in constraining space can cause a claustrophobic reaction. Under these circumstances, some patients experience panic attacks - some of them for the first time in their life. State of mental panic and panicky bodily movements may result in abortion of the procedure or cause the generation of distorted images which can negatively affect accuracy of diagnosis. Such situations result in economic waste and psychological distress. The author of this article attempts to review on the basis of the example of magnetic resonance the issues which often influence medical procedures, such as negligence of psychological dimension, which may play a paramount role and result in the success or failure of any medical procedure.
Physical activity of elderly people
Authors: Pavlova Iuliia , Vovkanych Lyubomyr , Vynogradskyi Bogdan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aging is attended with changes in different physiological systems and body organ. This is the cause of worsening of movement activity for old adults. The review of age-related changes, their impact on human body functioning and development of activities strategies for seniors’ health preservation was the aim of the paper. The scientific literature review showed that the decreasing of functional possibilities is the cause of working capacity and social activity limitations. Physical activity is one of the methods for improving of fitness. It was proposed to choose physical exercises according to biological age of elderly person, their aging profile, the presence of disease and physical activity level. Optimal intensity and character of exercise were established for the old adults with and without chronic pathological disease. The feeling of well-being or heart rate indexes can be used for control by physical training.
Comparison of body posture in children depending on the age of starting school education – a pilot study
Authors: Trzeciak Marta , Barczyk-Pawelec Katarzyna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroduction. The aim of the study was to assess posture in children depending on the age of starting school education.Material and methods. A total of 64 students from classes I-II, including 22 six year olds and 42 seven year olds. The research material was divided into three groups: group I - first graders at the age of 6 years, group II - first graders at the age of 7 years, group III - second graders at the age of 7 years. Photogrammetric method was used for the analysis of posture in the sagittal plane.Results. The study showed that the 7-year-old children have greater deviations of the parameters in the sagittal plane than 6-year-old children. 7-year-old children in the second grade had a posture closer to 6-year-olds who have just started attending school than their equals in the first grade.Conclusions. Somatic analysis showed statistically significant differences in body weight between 6 and 7 year olds attending the first grade. Significant differences in the sagittal plane were shown in the angle of the lumbar-sacral segment, entire spine length, thoracic kyphosis length and lumbar lordosis angle.