bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Sealing Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with Different Mixing Reagents
Authors: Bhandary Shreetha , Srinivasan Raghu , Dsouza Teena 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundMineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) exhibits several properties of an ideal root-end filling. It, however, has certain disadvantages such as long setting time, difficult handling characteristics, and limited antimicrobial activity. In order to improve its properties, several commonly used reagents have been used instead of sterile water. Hence the objective of this study was to evaluate the root-end sealing ability of white MTA combined with either distilled water, 0.12% chlorhexidine solution, 10% doxycycline solution, 3% sodium hypochlorite solution, or 10% calcium chloride solution using a bacterial leakage test.Materials and methodsSeventy-two extracted, decoronated human maxillary incisor teeth were used. After cleaning and shaping of the canals, root-end resection was performed at 90°. Root-end cavities were filled with ProRoot MTA combined with the test reagents. Microleakage was assessed using a bacterial leakage test for a period of 60 days. Results were analyzed using the log rank test. The level of significance was 0.05.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the sealing ability when MTA was mixed with calcium chloride, sodium hypochlorite, or doxycycline when compared with distilled water or chlorhexidine. Also, MTA combined with calcium chloride demonstrated a higher probability of surviving 60 days.ConclusionThe sealing ability of MTA was improved when combined with calcium chloride, sodium hypochlorite, and doxycycline.How to cite this articleDsouza T, Bhandary S, Srinivasan R. An in vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Sealing Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with Different Mixing Reagents. World J Dent 2016;7(2):54-58.
Relationship between Perception of Maxillary Midline Diastema and Personality Profiles
Authors: Nazeh Abdullah A Al 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality profiles and perception of maxillary midline diastema (MMD) among laypeople.

Materials and methods
Hundred total of 200 laypeople (100 females and 100 males, mean age = 28.8 ± 5.5 years) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. They were asked to rate the attractiveness of two digital photographs of ideal smile with 1 and 2 mm MMD on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. Participants' personality and psychological profiles were assessed via neuroticism.extraversion.openness five-factor inventory. The statistically significant levels were set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results
The mean VAS scores were 5.7 (± 2.1) and 4.3 (± 2.0) for 1 and 2 mm MMD respectively. The participants rated the attractiveness of 1 mm diastema better than the attractiveness of 2 mm diastema (p < 0.001). Females showed no difference in rating diastema attractiveness in comparison with males (p > 0.05). Participants (from both genders) with higher neuroticism scores rated 1 and 2 mm diastemas as less attractive than those with lower neuroticism scores (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion
Psychological profiles (high neuroticism) might be associated with negative perceptions of attractiveness of MMD.

How to cite this article
Al Nazeh AA. Relationship between Perception of Maxillary Midline Diastema and Personality Profiles. World J Dent 2016;7(2):59-63.
Oral Lichen Planus in Relation to Transaminase Levels and Hepatitis C Viral Antibodies Detection: A Clinical Study
Authors: Manjunath M , Deepak TA , Krishna Sowmya , Sobti Geetika , Annaji AG 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundLichen planus (LP) is a common long term inflammatory disorder that affects skin and mucous membranes. Though mostly asymptomatic in oral mucosa it may cause severe morbidity in erosive cases. The relation between LP and liver diseases especially hepatitis C have been proposed by many authors with varied results. Alteration in liver function tests reflected by increased levels of transaminase levels, i.e., serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) with or without the presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been observed in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients in many studies. So this study was undertaken with the intent to further evaluate any alliance between OLP and liver disease principally hepatitis C.Materials and methodsThe study consisted of 30 histopathologically confirmed patients of OLP and 30 age and sex matched healthy volunteers visiting the outpatient department of a dental hospital over a period of 1 year. All subjects in both groups were subjected to SGOT, SGPT and HCV antibodies detection.ResultsThe percentage of patients with elevated SGOT and SGPT values was higher among the OLP patients in the study group (40%) in comparison to subjects in the control group (7%). The mean values of SGOT and SGPT were also higher in the study group in comparison to the control group. No HCV antibodies were found in the serum of subjects in both the study group and control group.ConclusionLiver disease or hepatitis C can be considered a risk factor for LP and may lead to diagnosis, early treatment and possibly a better prognosis in asymptomatic OLP patients. Further studies with large samples are recommended to prove the current hypothesis regarding the association between LP and chronic liver disease and/or HCV infection.How to cite this articleSobti G, Manjunath M, Deepak TA, Krishna S, Annaji AG. Oral Lichen Planus in Relation to Transaminase Levels and Hepatitis C Viral Antibodies Detection: A Clinical Study. World J Dent 2016;7(2):64-68.
Comparison of Association between Cervical Spine and Face in Subjects with Vertical and Horizontal Growth Pattern: An in vitro Study using Lateral Cephalogram
Authors: Shrivastav Sunita , Gupta Deoashish D , Niranjane Priyanka , Sharma Narendra , Nathani Rakesh 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze and comparethe association between cervical spine and face in subjects with vertical and horizontal growth pattern using lateral cephalogram.

Materials and methods
Lateral cephalograms of 75 subjects between ages of 18 and 35 years were taken and analyzed. The study sample was divided into three groups of 25 individuals each; i.e., vertical growth pattern (gonial angle > 125°); horizontal growth pattern (gonial angle < 121°); and control group with average growth pattern (gonial angle 123° ± 2.5°). The relation between upper cervical vertebrae and face was compared between three groups by taking linear measurements.

Results
A statistically significant difference was observed in vertical dimensions of second cervical vertebra when it was correlated with anterior cranial base, maxilla and mandible in adults having horizontal and vertical growth pattern as compared to individuals with average growth pattern. Linear vertical measurements between maxilla to cervical spine and mandible to cervical spine were less in horizontal growth pattern as compared to vertical and average growth pattern. The p-value of SCV2—0.001, GoCV2—0.405, and PmCV2—0.001 showed significant results within intergroups.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that there exists an association between the morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the vertical and horizontal skeletal growth patterns.

How to cite this article
Gupta DD, Niranjane P, Sharma N, Shrivastav S, Kamble RH, Nathani R. Comparison of Association between Cervical Spine and Face in Subjects with Vertical and Horizontal Growth Pattern: An in vitro Study using Lateral Cephalogram. World J Dent 2016;7(2):73-77.
Correlation between Xerostomia, Hyposalivation, and Oral Microbial Load with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jindal Ritika , Shenoy Nandita , Udayalakshmi J , Baliga Srikala 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims and objectives
The present study is an attempt to investigate prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation in type 2 diabetes mellitus using a modified Schirmer test (MST) and finding any association between xerostomia, hyposalivation, and oral microflora, namely, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., and Candida spp. with the glycemic control of individual.

Background
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting in either lack or relative insufficiency of insulin. In addition to systemic alterations, oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus have been reported, such as xerostomia and hyposalivation, alteration in taste, caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease.

Materials and methods
Thirty individuals with known history of diabetes mellitus type 2 were chosen as cases and 30 ageand sex-matched healthy controls were taken as control group. For assessment of hyposalivation, unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured using a MST with a commercially available Schirmer test strip having a millimeter scale (0—35 mm).

Results
In our study, we found that the difference in the wettability of Schirmer strip among diabetics and healthy controls was more significant at the end of the 1st minute due to decreased salivary flow in diabetics.

Conclusion
A n e arly a ssessment o f s alivary f low a nd xerostomia in type 2 diabetic patients and its treatment, along with routine oral hygiene and maintenance, may alter the clinical outcomes of diabetes.

How to cite this article
Ahmed J, Jindal R, Shenoy N, Denny C, Udayalakshmi J, Baliga S. Correlation between Xerostomia, Hyposalivation, and Oral Microbial Load with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. World J Dent 2016;7(2):83-86.
Cone-beam Computed Tomography: A Resolution to Paradoxical Judgments in Endodontic Diagnosis
Authors: Chougule Amruta R , Kundabala M , Mohan Rayapudi P , Shetty Neeta 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Recently, various diagnostic tools have emerged with a view to enhance endodontic treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is presented as a new endodontic tool. The narrow field CBCT reduces the negative effects of anatomic noise, geometric distortion, and technique sensitivity observed on two-dimensional images. It can be used to identify canal morphology, numbers of canals, and relative positioning even in the presence of calcific metamorphosis (CM) and dystrophic calcifications. Calcific metamorphosis is characterized by the deposition of hard tissue within the pulp canal space. Most of the literature advices the treatment of CM through observation and periodic examination. Thus, it is imperative for the clinician to identify calcified canals preoperatively for conservative treatment approach. This case series illustrates about the versatility of CBCT over the conventional radiology for detecting calcified canals.

How to cite this article
Chougule AR, Kundabala M, Mohan RP, Shetty N. Cone-beam Computed Tomography: A Resolution to Paradoxical Judgments in Endodontic Diagnosis. World J Dent 2016;7(2):100-106.
Hotspots of gross emissions from the land use sector: patterns,
uncertainties, and leading emission sources for the period 2000–2005 in the
tropics
Authors: Roman-Cuesta Rosa Maria , Rufino Mariana C. , Herold Martin , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Rosenstock Todd S. , Herrero Mario , Ogle Stephen , Li Changsheng , Poulter Benjamin , Verchot Louis , Martius Christopher , Stuiver John , de Bruin Sytze 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. According to the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), emissions must be cut by 41–72 % below 2010 levels by 2050 for a likely chance of containing the global mean temperature increase to 2 °C. The AFOLU sector (Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use) contributes roughly a quarter ( ∼  10–12 Pg CO2e yr−1) of the net anthropogenic GHG emissions mainly from deforestation, fire, wood harvesting, and agricultural emissions including croplands, paddy rice, and livestock. In spite of the importance of this sector, it is unclear where the regions with hotspots of AFOLU emissions are and how uncertain these emissions are. Here we present a novel, spatially comparable dataset containing annual mean estimates of gross AFOLU emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O), associated uncertainties, and leading emission sources, in a spatially disaggregated manner (0.5°) for the tropics for the period 2000–2005. Our data highlight the following: (i) the existence of AFOLU emissions hotspots on all continents, with particular importance of evergreen rainforest deforestation in Central and South America, fire in dry forests in Africa, and both peatland emissions and agriculture in Asia; (ii) a predominant contribution of forests and CO2 to the total AFOLU emissions (69 %) and to their uncertainties (98 %); (iii) higher gross fluxes from forests, which coincide with higher uncertainties, making agricultural hotspots appealing for effective mitigation action; and (iv) a lower contribution of non-CO2 agricultural emissions to the total gross emissions (ca. 25 %), with livestock (15.5 %) and rice (7 %) leading the emissions. Gross AFOLU tropical emissions of 8.0 (5.5–12.2) were in the range of other databases (8.4 and 8.0 Pg CO2e yr−1 in FAOSTAT and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) respectively), but we offer a spatially detailed benchmark for monitoring progress in reducing emissions from the land sector in the tropics. The location of the AFOLU hotspots of emissions and data on their associated uncertainties will assist national policy makers, investors, and other decision-makers who seek to understand the mitigation potential of the AFOLU sector.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE ADAPTAÇÃO, REFORMULAÇÃO E ARGUMENTAÇÃO EM MONOGRAFIAS: UM ESTUDO DE RETEXTUALIZAÇÃO NA ESCRITA ACADÊMICA
Authors: Souza Clara Regina Rodrigues de , Silva Williany Miranda da 
Published: July 2016

A monografia mobiliza um processo interno de retextualização, em consequência da constituição do seu texto de análise de dados relacionar componentes inerentes à introdução: pergunta de pesquisa ou hipótese e objetivos. Nesse trabalho, a questão-problema que se propõe a investigar é: Será que as estratégias de retextualização na “seção de análise de dados” são responsáveis por legitimar a produção de monografias? Para tanto, objetiva-se, interpretar as estratégias de escrita implicadas na referida seção deste gênero. A metodologia desenvolvida apoia-se em Strauss e Corbin (2008) em defesa de uma abordagem de cunho descritivo-interpretativista e de investigação qualitativa para a apreciação de seis monografias, defendidas entre 2009-2011, produzidas por sujeitos advindos do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC), dos Cursos de Licenciatura Plena em Letras e de Bacharelado em Ciências Sociais, respectivamente, do Centro de Humanidades, da UFCG. Dentre os pressupostos teóricos utilizados, Marcuschi ([2001] 2010) e Matencio (2002; 2003; 2004) embasam a investigação sobre o fenômeno investigado na escrita deste gênero. Após a constatação do alto índice de estratégias básicas de reformulação no processo de produção de conhecimento, são reconhecidos processos de adaptações textuais e discursivas, para que as questões, postas na introdução, sejam respondidas, na seção de análise de dados, legitimando, assim, uma pesquisa realizada.
DA NATUREZA NARRATIVA / ON THE NARRATIVE NATURE
Authors: Bueno Rodrigo , Benfatti Maurício , Godoy Elena 
Published: July 2016

RESUMO: O objetivo de uma análise naturalista da narrativa enfrenta um problema maior que si mesmo: a naturalização das humanidades. Para se atingir uma análise vinculada às metodologias das ciências naturais, a investigação deve recair não sobre os produtos narrativos, mas aos mecanismos cognitivos que suportam tais fenômenos (omitido para fins de avaliação às cegas). Deste modo, este trabalho delimita uma pergunta que consideramos central para a consolidação do estudo narrativo naturalista, conforme questionado por Searle (1975): “qual é a origem evolucionária das narrativas?” Como resposta a esta questão, o trabalho explana a hipótese de que as narrativas são emergentes de um componente cognitivo que tem dominado o quadro da pragmática moderna (SPERBER, 2000), especificado como Teoria da Mente (PREMACK; WOODRUFF, 1978), cuja habilidade é a de compreender e atribuir estados mentais, tais como intenções, crenças, desejos e conhecimentos, a si mesmo e aos outros.Palavras-Chave: Narrativa; Teoria da Mente; Pragmática. ABSTRACT: The goal of a naturalistic analysis of narrative faces a bigger problem than itself: the naturalization of humanities. To achieve an analysis related to the methods of the natural sciences, research should not fall on the narrative products, but on the cognitive mechanisms that support such phenomena (omitido para fins de avaliação às cegas). Thus, this paper defines a question that we consider central to the consolidation of the naturalistic narrative study, as asked by Searle (1975): "what is the evolutionary origin of narratives?” In response to this question, the paper explains the hypothesis that narratives emerge from a central cognitive component to the modern pragmatics framework (SPERBER, 2000), called Theory of Mind (PREMACK; WOODRUFF, 1978), which is the ability to understand and attribute mental states, such as intentions, beliefs, desires and knowledge to oneself and to others.Keywords: Narrative; Theory of Mind; Pragmatics.
A Systematic Approach for the Determination of B-Group Vitamins in Multivitamin Dietary Supplements by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sim Hee-Jung , Kim Byungjoo , Lee Joonhee 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper describes a practical approach using an LC diode-array detector (DAD) and MS for the quantitation of B-group vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, and cyanocobalamin) in multivitamin supplements. The purpose of this study was to optimize the extraction and chromatographic conditions without application of internal standards to determine B-group vitamins in multivitamins. Chromatographic separation on a C18 column was optimized on the basis of chromatographic behavior depending on pH variation of the mobile phase. The optimized methods showed good r values, with RSD values lower than 2.44 and 3.09% for most of the B-group vitamins (except cyanocobalamin) using LC–DAD and LC-MS, respectively. The methods were also proved to be reproducible, with RSD values of 0.96 and 2.48% being obtained with LC–DAD and LC-MS, respectively. In addition, the developed analytical methods for B-group vitamins were validated using certified reference materials and were applied to commercially available multivitamin tablets.
Practical Strategies to Improve the Clinical Utility of the Dermatopathology Report
Authors: Trotter Martin J. , Au Sheila , Naert Karen A. 
Published: July 2016

Context.—Dermatologists and subspecialty dermatopathologists, working together over many years, develop a common understanding of clinical information provided on the requisition and of terminology used in the pathology report. Challenges arise for pathologists without additional subspecialty training in dermatology/dermatopathology, and for any pathologist reporting skin biopsies for nondermatologists such as general practitioners or surgeons.Objective.—To provide practical strategies to improve efficiency of dermatopathology sign-out, at the same time providing the clinician with clear diagnostic and prognostic information to guide patient management.Data Sources.—The information outlined in this review is based on our own experiences with routine dermatopathology and dermatology practice, and review of English-language articles related to the selected topics discussed.Conclusions.—Using generic diagnoses for some benign lesions, listing pertinent negatives in the pathology report, and using logical risk management strategies when reporting on basal cell carcinoma, partial biopsies, or specimens with incomplete clinical information allow the pathologist to convey relevant and useful diagnostic information to the treating clinician.
Practical Considerations in Breast Papillary Lesions: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Agoumi Mehdi , Giambattista Joshua , Hayes Malcolm M. 
Published: July 2016

Context.—Diagnosis of papillary breast lesions, especially in core biopsies, is challenging for most pathologists, and these lesions pose problems for patient management. Distinction between benign, premalignant, and malignant components of papillary lesions is challenging, and the diagnosis of invasion is problematic in lesions that have circumscribed margins. Obtaining a balance between overtreatment and undertreatment of these lesions is also challenging.
Objectives.—To provide a classification and a description of the histologic and immunohistochemical features and the differential diagnosis of papillary breast lesions, to provide an update on the molecular pathology of papillary breast lesions, and to discuss the recommendations for further investigation and management of papillary breast lesions. This review provides a concise description of the histologic and immunohistochemical features of the different papillary lesions of the breast.
Data Sources.—The standard pathology text books on breast pathology and literature on papillary breast lesions were reviewed with the assistance of the PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed).
Conclusions.—Knowledge of the clinical presentation, histology, immunoprofile, and behavior of papillary breast lesions will assist pathologists with the diagnosis and optimal management of patients with papillary breast lesions.
Molecular Testing in Breast Cancer: A Guide to Current Practices
Authors: Hagemann Ian S. 
Published: July 2016

Context.—Molecular diagnostics play a role in the management of many cancers, including breast cancer.
Objective.—To provide an update on molecular testing in current clinical practice, targeted at practicing pathologists who are not breast cancer specialists.
Data Sources.—This study is a narrative literature review.
Conclusions.—In addition to routine hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptor testing, new and recurrent tumors are tested for HER2 amplification by in situ hybridization or overexpression by immunohistochemistry. Intrinsic subtyping of tumors represents a fundamental advance in our understanding of breast cancer biology, but currently it has an indirect role in patient management. Clinical next-generation sequencing (tumor profiling) is increasingly used to identify potentially actionable mutations in tumor tissue. Multianalyte assays with algorithmic analysis, including MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, and Prosigna, play a larger role in breast cancer than in many other malignancies. Given that a proportion of breast cancers are familial, testing of nontumor tissue for cancer predisposition mutations also plays a role in breast cancer care.