bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association among obesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Zhen , Zhang Li , Li Shiping , Zhao Fengyan , Wang Yan , Huang Lan , Huang Jinglan , Zou Rong , Qu Yi , Mu Dezhi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain serious public health problems. Although lots of studies have recently explored the association among obesity, overweight and ASD, the findings are inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies to examine the association among obesity, overweight and ASD. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were used for literature searches to identify eligible studies published in English before November 15, 2016. Relevant studies estimating the association among obesity, overweight and ASD were included. Fifteen studies encompassing 49,937,078 participants and 1,045,538 individuals with ASD were included in this study. A random effects model was chosen to synthesize the effect sizes of individual studies. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in individuals with ASD than in controls (OR = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–2.48, P < 0.001). However, the prevalence of overweight in individuals with ASD was not significantly different from that in controls (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.83–1.38, P = 0.62). Both sensitivity analysis and publication bias testing revealed that the findings were robust. The meta-analysis showed a significant association between obesity and ASD. However, no significant association was identified between overweight and ASD.
Affected energy metabolism under manganese stress governs cellular toxicity
Authors: Kaur Gursharan , Kumar Vineet , Arora Amit , Tomar Ajay , Ashish  , Sur Runa , Dutta Dipak 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExcessive manganese exposure is toxic, but a comprehensive biochemical picture of this assault is poorly understood. Whether oxidative stress or reduced energy metabolism under manganese exposure causes toxicity is still a debate. To address this, we chose ΔmntPEscherichia coli, a highly manganese-sensitive strain, in this study. Combining microarray, proteomics, and biochemical analyses, we show that the chronic manganese exposure rewires diverse regulatory and metabolic pathways. Manganese stress affects protein and other macromolecular stability, and envelope biogenesis. Most importantly, manganese exposure disrupts both iron-sulfur cluster and heme-enzyme biogenesis by depleting cellular iron level. Therefore, the compromised function of the iron-dependent enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and electron transport chain impede ATP synthesis, leading to severe energy deficiency. Manganese stress also evokes reactive oxygen species, inducing oxidative stress. However, suppressing oxidative stress does not improve oxidative phosphorylation and cell growth. On the contrary, iron supplementation resumed cell growth stimulating oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, we hypothesize that affected energy metabolism is the primal cause of manganese toxicity.
Using a Novel Microfabricated Model of the Alveolar-Capillary Barrier to Investigate the Effect of Matrix Structure on Atelectrauma
Authors: Higuita-Castro N. , Nelson M. T. , Shukla V. , Agudelo-Garcia P. A. , Zhang W. , Duarte-Sanmiguel S. M. , Englert J. A. , Lannutti J. J. , Hansford D. J. , Ghadiali S. N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe alveolar-capillary barrier is composed of epithelial and endothelial cells interacting across a fibrous extracelluar matrix (ECM). Although remodeling of the ECM occurs during several lung disorders, it is not known how fiber structure and mechanics influences cell injury during cyclic airway reopening as occurs during mechanical ventilation (atelectrauma). We have developed a novelin vitroplatform that mimics the micro/nano-scale architecture of the alveolar microenvironment and have used this system to investigate how ECM microstructural properties influence epithelial cell injury during airway reopening. In addition to epithelial-endothelial interactions, our platform accounts for the fibrous topography of the basal membrane and allows for easy modulation of fiber size/diameter, density and stiffness. Results indicate that fiber stiffness and topography significantly influence epithelial/endothelial barrier function where increased fiber stiffness/density resulted in altered cytoskeletal structure, increased tight junction (TJ) formation and reduced barrier permeability. However, cells on rigid/dense fibers were also more susceptible to injury during airway reopening. These results indicate that changes in the mechanics and architecture of the lung microenvironment can significantly alter cell function and injury and demonstrate the importance of implementingin vitromodels that more closely resemble the natural conditions of the lung microenvironment.
Haplotype of the Interleukin 17A gene is associated with osteitis after Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination
Authors: Korppi Matti , Teräsjärvi Johanna , Liehu-Martiskainen Milla , Lauhkonen Eero , Vuononvirta Juho , Nuolivirta Kirsi , Kröger Liisa , Pöyhönen Laura , Karjalainen Minna K. , He Qiushui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) osteitis was more common in Finland than elsewhere at the time when universal BCG vaccinations were given to Finnish newborns. There is evidence that IL-17 plays a role in the defense against tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of IL17A rs4711998, IL17A rs8193036 and IL17A rs2275913 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of BCG osteitis after newborn vaccination. IL17A rs4711998, rs8193036 and rs2275913 SNPs were determined in 131 adults had presented with BCG osteitis after newborn BCG vaccination. We analyzed, using the HaploView and PLINK programs, whether allele or haplotype frequencies of these SNPs differ between the former BCG osteitis patients and Finnish population controls. Of the three IL17A SNPs studied, rs4711998 associated nominally with BCG osteitis; minor allele frequency was 0.215 in 130 BCG osteitis cases and 0.298 in 99 controls (p = 0.034). Frequency of the second common haplotype (GTA) differed significantly between BCG osteitis cases and controls (0.296 vs. 0.184, p = 0.040 after multi-testing correction). The GTA haplotype of the IL17A SNPs rs4711998, rs8193036 and rs2275913 was associated with osteitis after BCG vaccination.
α2-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition in the central amygdala blocks fear-conditioning
Authors: Holmes N. M. , Crane J. W. , Tang M. , Fam J. , Westbrook R. F. , Delaney A. J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe central amygdala is critical for the acquisition and expression of fear memories. This region receives a dense innervation from brainstem noradrenergic cell groups and has a high level of α2-adrenoceptor expression. Using whole-cell electrophysiological recordings from rat brain slices, we characterise the role of pre-synaptic α2-adrenoceptor in modulating discrete inhibitory and excitatory connections within both the lateral and medial division of the central amygdala. The selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine blocked the excitatory input from the pontine parabrachial neurons onto neurons of the lateral central amygdala. In addition, clonidine blocked inhibitory connections from the medial paracapsular intercalated cell mass onto both lateral and medial central amygdala neurons. To examine the behavioural consequence of α2-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of these inputs, we infused clonidine into the central amygdala prior to contextual fear-conditioning. In contrast to vehicle-infused rats, clonidine-infused animals displayed reduced levels of freezing 24 hours after training, despite showing no difference in freezing during the training session. These results reveal a role for α2-adrenoceptors within the central amygdala in the modulation of synaptic transmission and the formation of fear-memories. In addition, they provide further evidence for a role of the central amygdala in fear-memory formation.
Continuous Beam Steering Through Broadside Using Asymmetrically Modulated Goubau Line Leaky-Wave Antennas
Authors: Tang Xiao-Lan , Zhang Qingfeng , Hu Sanming , Zhuang Yaqiang , Kandwal Abhishek , Zhang Ge , Chen Yifan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGoubau line is a single-conductor transmission line, featuring easy integration and low-loss transmission properties. Here, we propose a periodic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on planar Goubau transmission line on a thin dielectric substrate. The leaky-wave radiations are generated by introducing periodic modulations along the Goubau line. In this way, the surface wave, which is slow-wave mode supported by the Goubau line, achieves an additional momentum and hence enters the fast-wave region for radiations. By employing the periodic modulations, the proposed Goubau line LWAs are able to continuously steer the main beam from backward to forward within the operational frequency range. However, the LWAs usually suffer from a low radiation efficiency at the broadside direction. To overcome this drawback, we explore both transversally and longitudinally asymmetrical modulations to the Goubau line. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and experimental results are given in comparison with the symmetrical LWAs. It is demonstrated that the asymmetrical modulations significantly improve the radiation efficiency of LWAs at the broadside. Furthermore, the measurement results agree well with the numerical ones, which experimentally validates the proposed LWA structures. These novel Goubau line LWAs, experimentally demonstrated and validated at microwave frequencies, show also great potential for millimeter-wave and terahertz systems.
High-yield production of “difficult-to-express” proteins in a continuous exchange cell-free system based on CHO cell lysates
Authors: Thoring Lena , Dondapati Srujan K. , Stech Marlitt , Wüstenhagen Doreen A. , Kubick Stefan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) represents a promising technology for efficient protein production targeting especially so called “difficult-to-express” proteins whose synthesis is challenging in conventional in vivo protein production platforms. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are one of the most prominent and safety approved cell lines for industrial protein production. In this study we demonstrated the ability to produce high yields of various protein types including membrane proteins and single chain variable fragments (scFv) in a continuous exchange cell-free (CECF) system based on CHO cell lysate that contains endogenous microsomal structures. We showed significant improvement of protein yield compared to batch formatted reactions and proved biological activity of synthesized proteins using various analysis technologies. Optimized CECF reaction conditions led to membrane protein yields up to 980 µg/ml, which is the highest protein yield reached in a microsome containing eukaryotic cell-free system presented so far.
The effects of different enrofloxacin dosages on clinical efficacy and resistance development in chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Li Jun , Hao Haihong , Cheng Guyue , Wang Xu , Ahmed Saeed , Shabbir Muhammad Abu Bakr , Liu Zhenli , Dai Menghong , Yuan Zonghui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo investigate the optimal dosage which can improve clinical efficacy and minimize resistance, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model of enrofloxacin was established. Effect of enrofloxacin treatments on clearance ofSalmonellain experimentally infected chickens and simultaneously resistance selection inSalmonellaand coliforms were evaluated in three treatment groups (100, PK/PD designed dosage of 4, 0.1 mg/kg b.w.) and a control group. Treatment duration was three rounds of 7-day treatment alternated with 7-day withdrawal. Results showed that 100 mg/kg b.w. of enrofloxacin completely eradicatedSalmonella, but resistant coliforms (4.0–60.8%) were selected from the end of the second round’s withdrawal period till the end of the experiment (days 28–42). PK/PD based dosage (4 mg/kg b.w.) effectively reducedSalmonellafor the first treatment duration. However upon cessation of medication,Salmonellarepopulated chickens and persisted till the end with reduced susceptibility (MICCIP = 0.03–0.25 mg/L). Low frequency (5–9.5%) of resistant coliforms was selected (days 39–42). Enrofloxacin at dosage of 0.1 mg/kg b.w. was not able to eliminateSalmonellaand selected coliforms with slight decreased susceptibility (MICENR = 0.25 mg/L). In conclusion, short time treatment (7 days) of enrofloxacin at high dosage (100 mg/kg b.w.) could be effective in treatingSalmonellainfection while minimizing resistance selection in bothSalmonellaand coliforms.
Audiometric Testing With Pulsed, Steady, and Warble Tones in Listeners With Tinnitus and Hearing Loss
Authors: Lentz Jennifer J. , Walker Matthew A. , Short Ciara E. , Skinner Kimberly G. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This study evaluated the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's recommendation that audiometric testing for patients with tinnitus should use pulsed or warble tones. Using listeners with varied audiometric configurations and tinnitus statuses, we asked whether steady, pulsed, and warble tones yielded similar audiometric thresholds, and which tone type was preferred.

Method
Audiometric thresholds (octave frequencies from 0.25–16 kHz) were measured using steady, pulsed, and warble tones in 61 listeners, who were divided into 4 groups on the basis of hearing and tinnitus status. Participants rated the appeal and difficulty of each tone type on a 1–5 scale and selected a preferred type.

Results
For all groups, thresholds were lower for warble than for pulsed and steady tones, with the largest effects above 4 kHz. Appeal ratings did not differ across tone type, but the steady tone was rated as more difficult than the warble and pulsed tones. Participants generally preferred pulsed and warble tones.

Conclusions
Pulsed tones provide advantages over steady and warble tones for patients regardless of hearing or tinnitus status. Although listeners preferred pulsed and warble tones to steady tones, pulsed tones are not susceptible to the effects of off-frequency listening, a consideration when testing listeners with sloping audiograms.
The relevance of first language attrition to theories of bilingual development
Authors: Schmid Monika S. , Köpke Barbara 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResearch on second language acquisition and bilingual development strongly suggests that when a previously monolingual speaker becomes multilingual, the different languages do not exist in isolation: they are closely linked, dependent on each other, and there is constant interaction between these different knowledge systems. Theoretical frameworks of bilingual development acknowledge this insofar as they usually draw heavily on evidence of how the native language influences subsequent languages, and how and to what degree this influence can eventually be overcome. The fact that such crosslinguistic transfer is not a one-way street, and that the native language is similarly influenced by later learned languages, on the other hand, is often disregarded.We review the evidence on how later learned languages can re-shape the L1 in the immediate and the longer term and demonstrate how such phenomena may be used to inform, challenge and validate theoretical approaches of bilingual development.
Isolation and characterization of key contributors to the “kokumi” taste in soybean seeds
Authors: Shibata Masayuki , Hirotsuka Motohiko , Mizutani Yukiko , Takahashi Haruya , Kawada Teruo , Matsumiya Kentaro , Hayashi Yukako , Matsumura Yasuki 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The water extract of soybean seeds (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is nearly tasteless, but “kokumi” taste sensation was confirmed upon addition of a basic umami solution containing glutamic acid, inosine monophosphate, and sodium chloride. To identify the key contributors to the “kokumi” taste sensation in soybean seeds, sensory-guided fractionation, taste sensory analyses, and LC–MS/MS analyses were utilized. γ-glutamyl-tyrosine and γ-glutamyl-phenylalanine were identified as contributors to “kokumi taste”; specifically, these γ-glutamyl peptides imparted the “kokumi” taste sensation at a low taste threshold in a basic umami solution. Raffinose and stachyose, which are sufficiently present in soybean seeds, exhibited a synergistic effect in regard to the enhanced “kokumi” taste sensation of γ-glutamyl peptides. This is the first report that the combined use of γ-glutamyl peptides and oligosaccharides can increase the “kokumi” intensity, which suggests that soybean extracts or soymilk can be used to enhance the “kokumi” taste sensation in food products.
Doubly robust nonparametric inference on the average treatment
effect
Authors: Benkeser D , Carone M , Laan M J Van Der , Gilbert P B 
Published: September 2017

Summary
Doubly robust estimators are widely used to draw inference about the average effect of a treatment. Such estimators are consistent for the effect of interest if either one of two nuisance parameters is consistently estimated. However, if flexible, data-adaptive estimators of these nuisance parameters are used, double robustness does not readily extend to inference. We present a general theoretical study of the behaviour of doubly robust estimators of an average treatment effect when one of the nuisance parameters is inconsistently estimated. We contrast different methods for constructing such estimators and investigate the extent to which they may be modified to also allow doubly robust inference. We find that while targeted minimum loss-based estimation can be used to solve this problem very naturally, common alternative frameworks appear to be inappropriate for this purpose. We provide a theoretical study and a numerical evaluation of the alternatives considered. Our simulations highlight the need for and usefulness of these approaches in practice, while our theoretical developments have broad implications for the construction of estimators that permit doubly robust inference in other problems.
Fine-tuning the Predictive Model for Proximal Junctional Failure in Surgically Treated Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Yagi Mitsuru , Fujita Nobuyuki , Okada Eijiro , Tsuji Osahiko , Nagoshi Narihito , Asazuma Takashi , Ishii Ken , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Watanabe Kota 
Published: September 2017

Study Design.
Multicenter retrospective study.

Objective.
To validate and improve the predictive model for proximal junctional failure (PJF) with or without the bone mineral density (BMD) score.

Summary of Background Data.
PJF is a serious complication of surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD). A predictive model for PJF was recently reported that has good accuracy, but does not include BMD, a known PJF risk factor, as a variable.

Methods.
We included 145 surgically treated ASD patients who were older than 50 at the time of surgery and had been followed up for at least 2 years. Variables included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), fusion level, upper and lower instrumented vertebral (UIV and LIV) level, primary or revision surgery, pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), Schwab-SRS type, and BMD. PJF was defined as a ≥ 20° increase from baseline (immediately postoperative) of the proximal junctional angle with concomitant deterioration of at least 1 SRS-Schwab sagittal modifier grade, or any proximal junctional kyphosis requiring revision. Decision-making trees were constructed using the C5.0 algorithm with 10 different bootstrapped models, and validated by a 7:3 data split for training and testing; 112 patients were categorized as training and 33 as testing samples.

Results.
PJF incidence was 20% in the training samples. Univariate analyses showed that BMD, BMI, pelvic tilt (PT), UIV level, and LIV level were PJF risk factors. Our predictive model was 100% accurate in the testing samples with an AUC of 1.0, indicating excellent fit. The best predictors were (strongest to weakest): PT, BMD, LIV level (pelvis), UIV level (lower thoracic), PSO, global alignment, BMI, pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis, and age.

Conclusion.
A successful model was developed for predicting PJF that included BMD. Our model could inform physicians about patients with a high risk of developing PJF in the perioperative period.

Level of Evidence: 4
Novel Modality for Neck Rejuvenation: A Prospective Multicenter Trial of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of the Cervical Branch of the Facial Nerve
Authors: Rivlin Daniel , Skinner D. Ryan , Steinmetz-Rodriguez Christina Y. , Fabrikant Jordan S. , Stoddard Marie A. , So Jeffrey J. , Solomon Shauntell J. , Moy Ronald L. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND
Neck rejuvenation offers few modalities of treatments limited to either invasive plastic surgery or temporary neuromodulation using botulinum toxin.

OBJECTIVE
To access the efficacy, longevity, and safety of percutaneous monopolar radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the cervical branch of the facial nerve innervating the platysma for neck rejuvenation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This prospective, multicenter trial enrolled 19 adult patients with noticeable platysmal banding at 2 different centers. All patients underwent RF ablation on the cervical branch of the facial nerve. Response was assessed immediately after treatment and then at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the procedure using photography. Masked investigators compared baseline photography and follow-up intervals to evaluate the results.

RESULTS
Seventeen of the 18 patients had improvement in the platysmal banding. One patient was disqualified after ablation. Long-term sequalae such as scarring, burns, ulceration, hypopigmentation, or hyperpigmentation were not reported.

CONCLUSION
The results of this multicenter study support that RF ablation of the cervical branch of the facial nerve is a novel technique that results in improvement of platysmal banding. This technique is an emerging alternative, nonsurgical option for neck rejuvenation that is relatively safe, with little downtime for the patient.
ATX-101 (Deoxycholic Acid Injection) Treatment in Men: Insights From Our Clinical Experience
Authors: Shridharani Sachin M. , Behr Kathleen L. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND
Excess submental fat (SMF), also called a double chin, is an area of concern for men that can be addressed clinically. ATX-101 (deoxycholic acid injection; Kybella in the United States and Belkyra in Canada, Australia, and various European countries) is the first injectable approved for reduction of SMF.

OBJECTIVE
To share the authors' clinical experience using ATX-101 in men with submental fullness and offer insights regarding how this treatment may be presented to men as an option to improve their submental profile.

METHODS
Retrospective review of the authors' medical records for male patients treated with ATX-101.

RESULTS
To allow for fewer ATX-101 treatments, it is recommended that a large surface area be treated at the first session. The positive changes and outcomes achieved with ATX-101 build confidence between the physician and patient, which often leads to male patients seeking other aesthetic treatments to improve their overall appearance.

CONCLUSION
ATX-101 treatment is often an effective introduction to aesthetic medicine for men.