bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The collagen‐augmented chondrogenesis technique demonstrates superior cartilage repair compared to microfracture for cartilage defects of the knee joint, regardless of age
Authors: Kim Man Soo , Choi Keun Young , Cho Ryu Kyoung , Jang Hyuk Jin , Kwak Dong Ho , Yang Sung Cheol , Oh Seung Taek , In Yong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated whether age affects clinical outcomes and cartilage repair quality in patients who underwent collagen‐augmented chondrogenesis.MethodsThe study included patients who underwent either the collagen‐augmented chondrogenesis technique or microfracture for cartilage defects of the knee joint of International Cartilage Repair Society grade 3 or 4. Patients were categorised according to an age threshold of 50 years and the treatment method, whether collagen‐augmented chondrogenesis technique or microfracture. Group 1 comprised 31 patients aged 50 years or older who received the collagen‐augmented chondrogenesis technique, Group 2 consisted of 32 patients under the age of 50 years who received the collagen‐augmented chondrogenesis technique and Group 3 included 243 patients aged 50 years or older who received microfracture. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the walking visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index scale score (WOMAC) two years after surgery. For patients with magnetic resonance imaging results 1 year postoperatively (Group 1: 30 patients; Group 2: 31 patients; and Group 3: 31 patients), Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) assessment was used to evaluate repaired cartilage lesions.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the VAS and WOMAC scores between the three groups 2 years after surgery (all n.s.). The MOCART score in patients who underwent MRI at 1 year postoperatively showed significant differences in the degree of defect repair, integration with the border zone, surface of the repaired tissue, adhesion and total score among the three groups (all p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis revealed no difference in the total MOCART scores between Groups 1 and 2. However, Groups 1 and 2 had significantly higher MOCART scores than Group 3 1 year after surgery (all p < 0.05).ConclusionThe collagen‐augmented chondrogenesis technique group showed improved quality of cartilage repair compared to the microfracture group, regardless of patient age. Compared with simple microfracture treatment, there were no differences in clinical outcomes between the patient groups, related to age.Level of EvidenceLevel Ⅲ.
Microplastics stress alters microorganism community structure and reduces the production of biogenic dimethylated sulfur compounds
Authors: Liu Qian , Gao Xu‐Xu , Li Yan , Jiang Yong , Yu Juan , Liu Shan‐Shan , Lang Xiao‐Ping , Yang Gui‐Peng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a plentiful organic sulfur metabolite and the primary precursor for dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which plays a crucial role in global sulfur cycling, the formation of clouds, and cooling the warming earth. The origin and fate of DMSP are intricately linked to marine microorganisms, making the variation of the microorganism community crucial for DMSP dynamics. Nonetheless, the impact of pervasive marine microplastics on microorganisms and processes related to DMSP synthesis and degradation remains insufficiently investigated. To bridge this gap, a 14‐d deck‐based microcosm experiment was conducted, revealing that microplastics significantly altered the composition of microorganism communities and dramatically inhibited the release of DMS and DMSP. Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the variations both in environmental variables and microorganism communities caused by microplastics were forcing factors in reducing DMS and DMSP release. In addition, the predicted function of the bacterial community showed a significant reduction in the presence of dddP and dmdA genes when exposed to microplastics, which directly disrupted both the demethylation and cleavage pathways of DMSP. These results indicate that the release of DMS and DMSP in marine ecosystems can be significantly affected by microplastics through influencing microorganisms. Thus, it is imperative to conduct research on controlling the synthesis and degradation of DMSP in the ocean, particularly in response to these environmental pollution issues. Such research can help discern new patterns from specific phenomena and identify crucial processes.
Toward widespread use of virtual trials in medical imaging innovation and regulatory science
Authors: Abadi Ehsan , Barufaldi Bruno , Lago Miguel , Badal Andreu , Mello‐Thoms Claudia , Bottenus Nick , Wangerin Kristen A. , Goldburgh Mitchell , Tarbox Lawrence , Beaucage‐Gauvreau Erica , Frangi Alejandro F. , Maidment Andrew , Kinahan Paul E. , Bosmans Hilde , Samei Ehsan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancement in the field of medical imaging presents a challenge in keeping up to date with the necessary objective evaluations and optimizations for safe and effective use in clinical settings. These evaluations are traditionally done using clinical imaging trials, which while effective, pose several limitations including high costs, ethical considerations for repetitive experiments, time constraints, and lack of ground truth. To tackle these issues, virtual trials (aka in silico trials) have emerged as a promising alternative, using computational models of human subjects and imaging devices, and observer models/analysis to carry out experiments. To facilitate the widespread use of virtual trials within the medical imaging research community, a major need is to establish a common consensus framework that all can use. Based on the ongoing efforts of an AAPM Task Group (TG387), this article provides a comprehensive overview of the requirements for establishing virtual imaging trial frameworks, paving the way toward their widespread use within the medical imaging research community. These requirements include credibility, reproducibility, and accessibility. Credibility assessment involves verification, validation, uncertainty quantification, and sensitivity analysis, ensuring the accuracy and realism of computational models. A proper credibility assessment requires a clear context of use and the questions that the study is intended to objectively answer. For reproducibility and accessibility, this article highlights the need for detailed documentation, user‐friendly software packages, and standard input/output formats. Challenges in data and software sharing, including proprietary data and inconsistent file formats, are discussed. Recommended solutions to enhance accessibility include containerized environments and data‐sharing hubs, along with following standards such as CDISC (Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium). By addressing challenges associated with credibility, reproducibility, and accessibility, virtual imaging trials can be positioned as a powerful and inclusive resource, advancing medical imaging innovation and regulatory science.
Nutrition support in children with medical complexity and chronic critical illness: A narrative review
Authors: Perez Jennifer M. , Graham Robert J. , Mehta Nilesh M. , Martinez Enid E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChildren with medical complexity (CMC) and children with chronic critical illness (CCI) represent growing populations with high healthcare use and dependence on specialized care, both in the hospital and community setting. Nutrition assessment and delivery represent critical components of addressing the short‐term and long‐term health needs for these populations across the care continuum. This article provides a framework and reviews existing literature for the assessment of nutrition status and subsequent delivery of nutrition prescriptions in CMC and children with CCI. The specific aims are to (1) describe the epidemiology of health services experience for CMC and children with CCI, with a focus on their nutrition outcomes; (2) detail how to assess their nutrition status and energy requirements; (3) review methods of delivery of the nutrient prescription; (4) introduce perioperative considerations; (5) highlight examples of special populations of CMC and children with CCI; and (6) propose future research initiatives to improve nutrition and overall outcomes for these populations.
Analyzing nutrition risks and blood biomarkers in hospitalized patients with tuberculosis: Insights from a 2020 hospital‐based study
Authors: Li Zhuo , Wang Pei , Ma Jiaojie , Chen Yang , Pan Da 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere exists a bidirectional relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and nutrition, wherein they mutually influence and interact causally. However, current guidance for providing nutrition support to individuals diagnosed with TB remains inadequate, leading to a significant gap in comprehensive patient care. This study aims to assess the nutrition status of patients with TB and endeavors to provide insights into early nutrition interventions for individuals vulnerable to TB‐associated malnutrition.MethodsData from 2204 newly admitted patients at Beijing Chest Hospital in 2020 were collected, with 1735 patients with confirmed TB aged ≥18 years after exclusions. Patient data, encompassing diagnosis and results from routine blood tests and biochemical analyses conducted on the day after admission, were gathered using the electronic medical records system. Nutrition risk screening was conducted using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) tool, and questionnaire‐based assessments were administered. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 software.ResultsAmong 1735 patients with TB, the occurrence rate of nutrition risk was 74.58%. Factors such as age ≥65 years, sputum smear positivity for TB, and concurrent illnesses significantly increased the occurrence rate of nutrition risk. Nutrition risk among patients with TB exhibited negative correlations with parameters such as body weight, hemoglobin, and serum albumin level while showing positive correlations with white blood cell count and C‐reactive protein, among others.ConclusionThe occurrence rate of nutrition risk among patients with TB at Beijing Chest Hospital was notably high, particularly among older individuals, those with sputum smear positivity, and those with concurrent illnesses.
Sex Differences in Obstructive Patterns on Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Husman Tiffany , Benjamin Tania , Durr Megan L. , Chang Jolie L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and characterize sex differences in collapse patterns on drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingAn outpatient tertiary care academic medical center.MethodsA retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary care institution was performed from 2020 to 2023. All adult patients who underwent a DISE were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare differences between males and females on DISE.Results117 patients who underwent DISE were included in this study, including 30% females (n = 35). The average age was 54.7 years (SD 15.2), mean BMI was 28.6 kg/m2 (SD 4.1), and mean apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was 32.3 events per hour (SD 21.3). Most patients had severe OSA (48.7%). There was no difference in palatine or lingual tonsil size between sexes. On DISE, a significantly lower proportion of females demonstrated complete oropharyngeal lateral wall collapse (25.7% females vs 51.2% males, P = .008). Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex was independently associated with the presence of complete collapse at the oropharynx (odds ratio [OR] 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.005‐1.868], P = .048) but not at other levels. Additionally, higher BMI was associated with any collapse (partial or complete) at the oropharynx (OR 1.30, 95% CI [0.131‐0.392], P < .001).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that a lower proportion of females have complete oropharyngeal lateral wall collapse even when controlling for BMI and AHI. Additional studies are needed to better understand the differences in OSA physiology between the sexes.
Feasibility of telehealth exercise and nicotinamide riboside supplementation in survivors of childhood cancer at risk for diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bhandari Rusha , Lukas Kara , Lee Kyuwan , Shamunee Justin , Almeida Brady , Guzman Tati , Echevarria Meagan , Lindenfeld Lanie , Nenninger Christian , Iukuridze Aleksi , Albanese Sophia , Rhee June‐Wha , Chen Sitong , Brenner Charles , Wong F. Lennie , Armenian Saro H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors (CCS) have a 50% higher risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with the general population. Interventions in survivors with prediabetes (fasting glucose 100‐125 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c 5.7%‐6.4%) may mitigate the development of DM and its attendant morbidity, but there is limited information on the feasibility of secondary prevention in this setting.MethodsThis 6‐week pilot feasibility 1:1 randomized controlled trial enrolled 20 CCS on a structured telehealth exercise program ± nicotinamide riboside (NR), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursor. Feasibility metrics were: (1) ≥50% of eligible CCS enrolled onto study; (2) ≥70% of participants completed baseline and end‐of‐study assessments; (3) ≥70% compliance with exercise and NR. Secondary endpoints included changes in biomarkers associated with glucose homeostasis and muscle health.ResultsMedian age (years) at cancer diagnosis was 16.5 (range, 1.5‐21.5) and 35.5 (range, 18.0‐67.0) at study enrollment. Enrollment rate was 87%, and 85% of participants completed baseline and end‐of‐study assessments. The mean percentage of exercise sessions completed was 86.6%; NR compliance was > 90%. There were no severe adverse events attributable to study interventions. Secondary endpoints were not significantly different between study arms at study completion. Myostatin decrease was observed in participants who completed a higher median number of exercise sessions and was associated with decreased intramuscular adipose tissue and increased lower extremity muscle cross‐sectional area.ConclusionsA telehealth exercise intervention ± NR supplementation was feasible in CCS with prediabetes. Future studies in larger cohorts may be needed to evaluate their beneficial effects on muscle health and DM risk among CCS.
Delayed excretion of high‐dose methotrexate in pediatric acute leukemia correlates with laxative and constipation management
Authors: Belsky Jennifer A. , Chavana Ashley , Banerjee Ankona , Zobeck Mark , Schafer Eric S. , Rabin Karen R. , Gramatges Monica , Sim Alex , Leisinger Audrey , Reddy Trisha , Parod Megan J. , Lupo Philip , Scheurer Michael , Brown Austin L. , Bernhardt M. Brooke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDelayed excretion of high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can result in significant morbidity. While methotrexate is primarily renally excreted, HD‐MTX may overwhelm renal excretion and increase reliance on fecal elimination. This study evaluated the association between laxative use for constipation and delayed excretion of HD‐MTX.MethodsThis multisite chart review included pediatric patients with ALL (2010–2020) who received HD‐MTX (5 g/m2). Delayed excretion was defined as a serum MTX concentration greater than 0.4 µM at Hour 48. We identified use of laxative medications after each HD‐MTX infusion, with receipt of two or more doses considered a proxy for constipation. Multilevel logistic regression models evaluated associations between clinical factors and delayed HD‐MTX excretion to account for multiple MTX cycles per individual.ResultsA total of 533 eligible patients received 1875 HD‐MTX infusions. Patients were mostly male (59.8%), Hispanic (56.7%), with a median age of 9.5 years. Delayed excretion was observed following 42.7% of HD‐MTX infusions, and patients received two or more laxative doses during 19.9% of infusions. Independent of other factors, individuals who received two or more laxative doses were nearly 60% (odds ratio 1.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.19–2.09; p = .002) more likely to experience delayed excretion compared to those receiving fewer than two laxative doses.ConclusionReceipt of at least two laxative doses was independently associated with delayed methotrexate excretion in pediatric patients with ALL. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the secondary effects of constipation and confirm the association with constipation and identify clinical benefits that optimize drug excretion.
The improved viscoelastic properties of long‐length carbon nanotubes reinforced polyamide‐6 composites
Authors: Tripathy Sangita , Chauhan Gaurav Singh , Jyoti Jeevan , Dhakate S. R. , Singh Bhanu Pratap 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe semi‐crystallinity, thermoplasticity, high toughness, and light weight of polyamide‐6 (PA6) when reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide outstanding physical properties to the nanocomposites by combining the physical properties of both components. The processing difficulties arising due to the high toughness and abrasion resistance of PA6 and the agglomeration of in‐house synthesized long‐length CNTs can be tackled by melt‐mixing the components inside a twin‐screw extruder with a back‐flow channel. The 0.1–7 parts per hundred ratios (phr) of CNTs reinforced PA6 composites were characterized for their viscoelastic properties through oscillatory rheometry and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) at fixed operating conditions. The outcomes showed continuous shiftings in storage and loss modulus values with increasing reinforcements along with a viscoelastic transition at 3 phr CNTs reinforcements observed in DMA. A 19°C rise in glass transition temperature (Tg) was observed in DMA with 0.1 phr CNTs reinforcement, which showed further improvements with increasing CNTs content. The interactions among PA6 and CNTs were further confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy curves. These nanocomposites promise mechanical applications in the equipments of automobiles, aerospace, defense, biomedical, bio‐sensors, etc.Highlights
Viscoelastic properties study for CNTs/PA6 composites
Uniform intermixing of CNTs within PA6 via extrusion with back‐flow channel
Detailed analysis of rheometry and DMA of the composites
CNTs‐PA6 interactions estimated from rising intensity peaks in Raman spectra and X‐ray diffraction (XRD)
Potential candidates for components in automobiles, aircraft, biomedicals, and sports industry
Enhancing directional thermal conductivity in hexagonal boron nitride reinforced epoxy composites through robust interfacial bonding
Authors: Mehdipour Mostafa , Doğan Semih , Hezarkhani Marjan , Dericiler Kuray , Arık Muhammet Nasuh , Yıldırım Cennet , Beylergil Bertan , Yildiz Mehmet , Saner Okan Burcu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEstablishing a robust interfacial bond between hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) plates and the epoxy matrix is essential for enhancing heat transfer, which is difficult because of h‐BN's low‐surface energy, tendency to clump together, and the chemical inertness of the epoxy matrix. This research shows different techniques for treating the surface of h‐BN fillers by applying acids and thermal processes to activate the surface. The silanization process was used to increase the silane content on the surface of activated h‐BN in order to make it more compatible with the epoxy matrix. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed silicon peaks (Si2s peak at 150.1 eV and Si2p peak at 100.3 eV) in the spectrum of silane‐treated samples. Heat treatment resulted in the production of more oxygen molecules on the shell of h‐BN compared to the acid treatment. Here, the primary focus was on examining how surface treatment affects thermal conductivity (TC) performance in both in‐plane and through‐thickness paths. There was an increase in the epoxy's TC perpendicular to the plane, going from 0.21 to 0.47 (W/mK), showing a remarkable 123.8% enhancement by adding 10 wt% of silane‐modified‐thermal treated h‐BN particles. The improvement resulted from effectively silanizing the exterior boundary of h‐BN particles, enhancing connection and distribution in the epoxy matrix. Surface modification of h‐BN‐epoxy composites improves TC, leading to better heat conduction in thermal management systems, benefiting industries like aerospace, automotive, and energy systems.Highlights
Silanization of h‐BN for better filler‐matrix bonding leading to improved heat transfer
Boosting thermal conductivity in the through‐thickness direction with surface‐modified h‐BN
Significant improvement in through‐thickness thermal conductivity with treated h‐BN.
Thermal treatment of h‐BN produced better oxygenation than acid treatment.
Application in aerospace and automotive through improved heat transfer.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis with the Pasteurella hyaluronan synthase; production of a multitude of defined authentic, derivatized, and analog polymers
Authors: DeAngelis Paul L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHyaluronan (HA; [‐3‐GlcNAc‐1‐beta‐4‐GlcA‐1‐beta]n), an essential matrix polysaccharide of vertebrates and the molecular camouflage coating in certain pathogens, is polymerized by “HA synthase” (HAS) enzymes. Three HAS classes have been identified with biotechnological utility, but only the Class II PmHAS from Pasteurella multocida Type A has been useful for preparation of very defined HA polymers in vitro. Two general chemoenzymatic strategies with different size products are possible: (1) repetitive step‐wise extension reactions by sequential addition of a single monosaccharide from a donor UDP‐sugar onto an acceptor (or “primer”) comprised of a short glycosaminoglycan chain (e.g., HA di‐, tri‐ or tetrasaccharide) or an artificial glucuronide yielding homogeneous oligosaccharides in the range of 2 to ~20 monosaccharide units (n = 1 to ~10), or (2) “one‐pot” polymerization reactions employing acceptor‐mediated synchronization with stoichiometric size control yielding quasi‐monodisperse (i.e., polydispersity approaching 1; very narrow size distributions) polysaccharides in the range of ~7 kDa to ~2 MDa (n = ~17 to 5000). In either strategy, acceptors containing non‐carbohydrate functionalities (e.g., biotin, fluorophores, amines) can add useful moieties to the reducing termini of HA chains at 100% efficiency. As a further structural diversification, PmHAS can utilize a variety of unnatural UDP‐sugar analogs thus adding novel groups (e.g., trifluoroacetyl, alkyne, azide, sulfhydryl) along the HA backbone and/or at its nonreducing terminus. This review discusses the current understanding and recent advances in HA chemoenzymatic synthesis methods using PmHAS. This powerful toolbox has potential for creation of a multitude of HA‐based probes, therapeutics, drug conjugates, coatings, and biomaterials.