bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Boxing to Philosophy
Authors: Kosiewicz Jerzy 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article begins the cycle of portraits of the members of the Editorial Board and Editorial Advisory Board of the journal Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, who are eminent social scientists researching the issue of sport. Among them, there are many world-class professors, rectors and deans of excellent universities, founders, presidents and secretaries-general of continental and international scientific societies and editors of high-scoring journals related to social sciences focusing on sport. The journal Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research started its activities in 2008 and gathered many readers, distinguished authors and outstanding reviewers. It is worth taking a moment to present the profiles of the individual editors, thanks to whom the journal keeps getting better and better. The journal is increasingly appreciated internationally particular among the scientists from the humanist and social areas of investigations. The rapidly increasing number of its readers and its surprisingly wide reception, indicated by the number of visits and downloads in English-speaking countries, including hundreds of universities (up to 791 were interested in the content of issue 62 of our magazine), research institutes and related libraries, as well as academics, researchers and students, should be celebrated. These data are derived only from one bibliographic data base (EBSCO). It must be noted that the journal is indexed in 43 bases.
Portraits presenting the journal’s editors include, among others, their most important professional, organizational and scientific achievements. Each subsequent issue of PCSSR will include one such portrait. We shall begin with the portrait of Professor Jerzy Kosiewicz, Ph.D., who is the Editor-in-Chief of the journal.
International strategies in the face of aging population
Authors: Drop Bartłomiej , Jędrych Marian , Barańska Agnieszka , Firlej Ewelina , Janiszewska Mariola 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Introduction. Population aging poses many important economic, social, and health challenges to the modern world. This applies mostly to developed countries. The phenomenon requires joint action of Member States of the European Union, the World Health Organization, the United Nations, the Council of Europe as well as some unified strategies for the actions taken by these entities.

Aim. The aim of this study was to demonstrate international strategies implemented in the face of demographic changes.

Material and methods. The authors analyzed the documents outlining strategies for both organizations and entities, as well as recommendations for international scientific consultation on strategy of the aging population.

Results. Analysis of changes happening to the oldest age groups showed the need for cooperation between countries. An overview of the strategies being taken at the moment and those that had been undertaken previously by international entities can contribute to modify the arrangements of the elderly; in order to improve the living conditions in multidimensional aspect.

Conclusions. The key to achieving the desired effect through implementing the policies of individual countries is to monitor them on a regular basis.
Attitudes of women living in Otwock County toward breast cancer risk – prophylactic activity level
Authors: Winiarska Małgorzata , Matosiuk Dariusz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
According to ICD C-50 breast cancer (or disease of the nipple) is the second most frequent cause of death among women in Poland. It also ranks first among tumors. The number of cancer cases is on the rise, which is due to the fact that women are not involved in voluntary protection programs, they do not conduct breast self-examinations systematically and the fact that breast tumors are usually detected at an advanced stage. In order to improve these statistics, some anti-tumor programs, focusing on breast cancer, regular self-examination need to be implemented. It would definitely decrease the number of cancer cases and drive down the mortality indexes.
The authors of this article analyzed the health-seeking behaviors among female residents of Otwock county, paying special attention to the risk of breast cancer factors and disease prevention. This work is based on research conducted in 2014, looking at 69 women, residents of city of Otwock and Otwock area. An anonymous questionnaire designed by the authors of the study was handed out to the participants and the results were later subject to a statistical analysis.
The findings of the study suggest what follows: (i) gynecologists are not engaged enough in breast cancer prevention programs; (ii) women rarely conduct breast self-examinations, even though they know they have to do it at least once a month; (iii) women participate in preventive breast examinations relatively often; (iv) women would not be against mandatory mammography screenings; (v) the place of residence had no significant influence over one’s attitude toward prophylaxis; (vi) health education for girls should become a subject in junior high schools (gimnazjum in Polish).
Relationship of selected sociodemographic factors and body composition in an open population of Rzeszów inhabitants participating in a health promoting event
Authors: Więch Paweł , Bazaliński Dariusz , Sałacińska Izabela , Binkowska-Bury Monika 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Introduction. The structure of the human body may vary greatly, depending on a number of factors, sociodemographic ones in particular. An analysis of the body composition makes it possible to assess the existing differences and provides broader insight into the multidimensional changes occuring to the human body.

Aim. An investigation of the relationship between selected sociodemographic factors and body composition in an open population of Rzeszów residents.

Material and methods. The study was performed on a group of 101 adults, aged 30-83. Their body composition was examined using bioimpedance analyzer BIA-101 and selected sociodemographic factors were investigated using a survey questionnaire designed for that particular purpse. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied to identify statistically significant differences between the examined variables. Additionally, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was applied. The study adopted a significance level of p<0.05. Calculations were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.

Results. The findings revealed some significant differences (p<0.05) related to gender, age and employment status, as well as selected constituents of fat mass and fat free mass in the subjects.

Conclusions. Selected sociodemographic factors significantly affect the components of body composition in adults. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the reported differences.
Pro-health behavior of Łęczna town residents concerning protection against UV radiation
Authors: Karwacka Lidia , Kamińska Aneta , Wójcik Dorota , Szabelska Anna , Batkowska Justyna , Borowicz Janusz , Szalewski Leszek 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Introduction. The fashion for a tan appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century, in the era of technological progress and urbanization with medical knowledge about heliotherapy and the promotion of the tan by fashion designer Coco Chanel being a contributing factor in it. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified the UV to the first group of carcinogens but despite these warnings the increase in exposure to UV radiation has been seen in recent years. New solariums have been created around the world so that people can enjoy a tan all year round, no matter what the weather conditions are.

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the attitudes and behaviors related to UV radiation exposure among residents of Łęczna.

Material and methods. A survey conducted among 180 people inquiring about sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes and behaviours associated with exposure to UV radiation while tanning.

Results. Statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study showed that the socio-demographic characteristics affect the attitudes and behaviour associated with exposure to UV radiation. Suntan is believed to be significantly more fashionable among women, people with secondary education who have no permanent relationships.

Conclusion. There is a need for preventive actions and educational programs concerning the dangers of UV radiation in order to develop not only knowledge but also the correct behaviour in society.
Knowledge of students of selected universities about expanding professional competence of nurses and midwives with reference to prescribing medicines, writing out prescriptions, and referring for diagnostic tests
Authors: Gotlib Joanna , Zarzeka Aleksander , Panczyk Mariusz , Leszczyński Piotr , Iwanow Lucyna , Pietruszewska Katarzyna , Mazur Nicole , Gorzkiewicz Anna , Belowska Jarosława , Samoliński Łukasz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Introduction. Since January 1st, 2016, particular groups of nurses and midwives in Poland are allowed to write prescriptions and refer patients to diagnostic procedures without doctors’ involvement.

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess what university students know about the changes that expanded the professional competencies of nurses and midwives.

Material and methods. The study group comprised of 535 students of three different universities. The group was 82% female and the mean age was 23 years (min.=19; max.=58, SD=4.780). Nursing students were the largest group among the study participants (177 individuals which meant 33% of the total), followed by Medicine students (145 individuals, 27% of all), Midwifery (107 persons, 20% of the total), and Public Health (100 persons, 19% of all). As many as 324 respondents (60%) had never participated in any medical law-related courses. A voluntary and anonymous survey containing 39 questions divided into 3 parts: 13 questions about knowledge, 26 statements concerning attitudes using a Likert scale, 8 demographic questions) was used. Obtaining an approval from the University’s Ethical Review Board was not required. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare frequency of the correct answers by students of every major. The Kruskal-Wallis rank test with a post-hoc analysis for multiple comparison of mean rank sums, STATISTICA version 12.5 (StatSoft, Inc.), licensed to MUW, α=0.05, were used to calculate the differences in summative points for correct answers.

Results. Nursing students were significantly more likely to choose the correct answers, unlike Medicine or Public Health students (p<0.001), as well as Midwifery students (p<0.002). The answers provided by the students of Medicine, Public Health, and Midwifery were relatively similar.

Conclusions. The knowledge of students of various Polish universities concerning the expansion of professional competencies of nurses and midwives was insufficient and needs to be urgently updated. Learning curricula to be modified not only for students of Nursing and Midwifery but also for other members of therapy team, e.g. physicians and pharmacists as well as specialists in public health.
Programmed body weight loss in morbidly obese women and its influence on general physical fitness, knee status and every day life activity
Authors: Morawik Iwona , Zarębska Aneta , Jędrych Marian , Zajko Michał , Jabłoński Mirosław 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Introduction. Obesity is a serious health and social problem. Various sources indicate that it affects approx. 20% of the world’s population. It is also counted among the diseases of affluence. Excessive body weight adversely affects a number of systems in the human body, including the locomotor system. Studies have shown that there is a close relationship between obesity and either a dysfunction or osteoarthritis of knee joints.

Aim. To evaluate the impact of weight reduction on the basic parameters of the overall capacity of obese women and their well-being.

Material and methods. 7 extremely obese women aged 28-51 looking to reduce their body weight participated in the study. The weight reduction program lasted for 12 months and consisted of reported intervention. The validated survey by Johanson was used to assess the performance of the lower limbs. Each tested person filled in 3 surveys of the same kind – the first at the beginning of the research project, the second after losing 20 kg of body weight, and the third after 12 months of weight reduction.

Results. There has been a statistically significant decrease in body weight (p=0.002) and BMI (p=0.002) of women surveyed between the specific periods of observation. The pain from the knee joints decreased or was resolved through weight reduction (p=0.004) in the respondents. The participants also started to take less painkillers for knee discomfort (p=0.005). Authors also noted an increase of the walking distance without rest (p=0.01) and less problems while walking upstairs (p=0.004). There was a statistically significant improvement in their self-care for the feet (p=0.003), as well as in the ability to use public transport (p=0.05) or to do shopping (p=0.05). There were no significant differences in the performance of household chores, getting out of bed, using the bath or shower or in need of orthopaedic equipment.

Conclusions. Significant weight reduction in obese women proportionally reduces or relieves knee pain and improves their performance. It reduces the need for using analgesics. Weight reduction in obese people has a significant impact on improving the performance of lower limbs.
Variations of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Associated with Various Factors Among Healthy Adults in a City Setting
Authors: Składanowski Maciej , Jarosz Paweł , Mackiewicz Barbara 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Introduction. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was first described by Hadorn as a measure of the lung function. The definition of PEFR established by the European Respiratory Society defines it as the maximal flow achieved during the phase of expiration, delivered with maximal force and starting from the maximal lung inflation level.

Aim. The authors of this study attempted at evaluating the variations of PEFR, taking into consideration the effects of one’s age, height Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Surface Area (BSA), seasons of the year and air pollution. Healthy adults living in urban areas were subjects of the study.

Material and methods. The study group consisted of some 179 healthy subjects, 102 women and 77 men, aged 18 to 66. Every patient’s medical history, including epidemiological, demographic data, as well as the information about the occurrence and symptoms of lung diseases, was taken from every patient. Only healthy subjects were selected for further analysis. Participants performed spirometry testing. Physical parameters were measured. Appropriate pollution data was obtained.

Results. The study group consisted of 179 patients (102 women and 77 men). There is a negative correlation between PEFR and age and a positive one between PEFR and height, as well as Body Surface Area and BMI (regarded as a quantitative, but not as a qualitative trait). There is a significant correlation between PEFR and PEFR adjusted by age, height and weight with seasons of the year. There is a statistically significant negative impact of NO2, SO2 and O3 24 h mean and hourly NO2 concentration on PEFR.

Conclusions. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate changes are also present in a healthy adult population. Prevalence of obesity is an important factor of the examined population.
Professional Training of Economists at Polish Universities
Authors: Ogienko Olena 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Polish experience in professional training of economists at university has been generalized. Structural, content and procedural peculiarities of the training have been defined. It has been proved that key factors for reforming economic education in Poland are globalization, internationalization, integration, technologization and informatization. It has been found out that forming of economic competency is based on the competency-based and personality-based approaches that allow to direct the educational process at a student as an active subject of learning, to create conditions for his/her creative potential development, to educate a competent specialist possessing all the competencies needed in professional activity. The influence of Polish universities’ integration into European system of student exchange on the quality of future specialists’ training has been revealed. Flexibility and variety of syllabi and curricula of economists’ professional training at Polish universities have been emphasized. Among perspective teaching methods we have singled out situational modeling as it allows to create situations at most approximated to those in professional activity, is oriented at co-creation and teamwork. It has been found out that the peculiarities of economists’ professional training at Polish universities are flexibility, diversification, standardization, personalization and adaptation to modern labour market. It has been proved that the result of economists’ professional training at Polish universities is a highly qualified specialist able to adapt to dramatic changes in economy and society.
Exact solution for bending analysis of functionally graded micro-plates based on strain gradient theory
Authors: Mohammadi Meisam , Iranmanesh Afshin , Naseralavi Seyed Sadegh , Farahmand Hamed 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the present article, static analysis of thin functionally graded micro-plates, based on Kirchhoff plate theory, is investigated. Utilizing the strain gradient theory and principle of minimum total potential energy, governing equations of rectangular micro-plates, subjected to distributed load, are explored. In accordance with functionally graded distribution of material properties through the thickness, higher-order governing equations are coupled in terms of displacement fields. Introducing a novel methodology, governing equations are decoupled, with special privilege of solving analytically. These new equations are solved for micro-plates with Levy boundary conditions. It is shown that neutral plane in functionally graded micro-plate is moved from midplane to a new coordinate in thickness direction. It is shown that considering micro-structures effects affects the governing equations and boundary conditions. Finally, the effects of material properties, micro-structures, boundary conditions and dimensions are expounded on the static response of micro-plate. Results show that increasing the length scale parameter and FGM index increases the rigidity of micro-plate. In addition, it is concluded that using classical theories for study of micro-structures leads to inaccurate results.
Nonlinear dynamic properties of silty clay from Warsaw area
Authors: Sas Wojciech , Gabryś Katarzyna , Soból Emil , Szymański Alojzy 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this work, the small-strain and nonlinear dynamic properties of silty clay samples were studied by means of the low- and high-amplitude resonant column (RC) tests at various mean effective stresses (p’). The tested specimens were collected from the centre of Warsaw, district Śródmieście. Initially, the low-amplitude tests (below 0.001%) were conducted. Subsequently, the nonlinear testing was performed, at shearing strains greater than 0.001%. These tests were carried out in order to receive the dynamic properties of silty clay specimens in the nonlinear shear strain range. The small-strain material damping ratios (Dmin) of silty clay samples were also measured during the low-amplitude resonant column testing. The results show that increasing shear strain (γ) above the elastic threshold (γte) causes a decrease of the shear modulus (G) and normalized shear modulus (G/Gmax) of analyzed soil samples. Simultaneously, it is observed a increase of its damping ratio (D) and normalized damping (D/Dmin) with increasing shear strain (γ). Predictive equations for estimating normalized shear modulus and material damping of silty clay soils were presented here as well. The equations are based on a modified hyperbolic model and a statistical analysis of the RC tests results. The influence of unloading process on dynamic properties of the tested material was also discussed in the paper.
Impact of the moisture content in medium sands on CPTU test results
Authors: Zawadzki Łukasz , Bajda Marek 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Soils occurring in the soil “active zone” are in contact with the surface and are directly influenced by external factors (mainly climatic changes) that cause variation in their parameters over time. Dynamic and uncontrolled changes of soil properties e.g. due to rainfall and evapotranspiration processes may affect field test results leading to the misinterpretation of the obtained data. This paper presents investigations on the influence of moisture content changes in sandy soils on CPTU results. For this purpose, a field ground model has been constructed and five CPTU tests with a different moisture content of soil were carried out. During the investigations, the tip resistance (qc), friction on sleeve (fs), and pore water pressure (u2) were measured. Moreover, a TDR probe was applied to determine the distribution of the moisture content in the studied soil columns. Differences between CPT results obtained in saturated and unsaturated soils have been shown. Furthermore, a simple equation to correct the tip resistance value due to the impact of the degree of saturation has been proposed.
Wo in einem Thermoelement herrscht die gemessene Temperatur? Analyse mittels FE-Simulation
Authors: Javurek Mirko , Mittermair Andreas 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung
Bei hohen Temperaturgradienten in einem Festkörper ist die exakte Kenntnis der Messposition selbst innerhalb der Perle
eines Thermoelements wichtig. Anhand einer numerischen thermoelektrischen Simulation wird gezeigt, wie die
thermoelektrischen Effekte im Thermoelement im Detail zusammenwirken, und wo sich die daraus resultierende Messposition
innerhalb des Thermoelements befindet.
Is Wagner’s Law Applicable for Fast Growing Economies? Brics and Matik Countries
Authors: Kargi Bilal 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This study investigates the causality relationship between public sector spending and economic growth. Although a relationship between these two variables is traditionally accepted, the direction of this causality relationship has widely been discussed. The relationship in which the increase of public sector spending moves together with the growth is called as Wagner’s Law and it is examined through developing countries’ data. As being developing country group, there is a huge literature about “BRICS countries”. The unique contribution of this study is that it defines a new developing country group as “MATIK countries” and it analyzes BRICS and MATIK (BM) countries together. Therefore, the validity of Wagner’s Law is tested on economic growth and public spending figures of these country groups which have significant population and economic size in world economy. As a result of Granger Causality Test for the period of 1961-2013, findings are obtained as Wagner’s Law is not valid for majority of BM countries, which include 10 high growing economies. This conclusion is compared with other studies, which are conducted for developing countries.