bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface molecular structure defects and laser-induced damage threshold of fused silica during a manufacturing process
Authors: Li Yuan , Yan Hongwei , Yang Ke , Yao Caizhen , Wang Zhiqiang , Zou Xinshu , Yan Chunyan , Yuan Xiaodong , Ju Xin , Yang Liming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLaser induced damage of fused silica is a serious problem for high power laser systems, and damage precursors are mainly induced by manufacturing processes. In this work, fused silica samples were prepared from a manufacturing process including grinding, polishing and etching procedures. The chemical disorder of the prepared samples was inspected by using fluorescence microscopy and ultra-violet fluorescence spectrometer. The physical disorder was characterized by using Infrared and Raman spectrometer. Laser induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) were measured in R-on-1 mode by 355 nm 6.4 ns laser pulse. Results showed that with the manufacturing processes transforming from grinding to etching, the magnitude of fluorescence point defects reduced while their types did not change, the Si-O-Si bonds of prepared samples were strained and the strained bonds were mitigated. The LIDTs increased with the reducing of fluorescence defects and strained Si-O-Si bonds. However, these structural defects can not be eliminated by the current manufacturing process. Improvements may be needed to eliminate the structural defects for a higher LIDT of fused silica.
Level V Clearance in Neck Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Need for Homogeneous Studies
Authors: Battoo Azhar , Sheikh Zahoor , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Mir Abdul , Haji Altaf 
Published: December 2017

Introduction Papillary thyroid carcinoma has a very high rate of lateral neck node metastases, and there is almost unanimity concerning the fact that some sort of formal neck dissection must be performed to address the clinical neck disease in these cases. Although there is an agreement that levels II to IV need to be cleared in these patients, the clearance of level V is debatable.
Objectives We herein have tried to analyze various papers that have documented a structured approach to neck dissection in these patients. Moreover, we have also tried to consider this issue through various aspects, like spinal accessory nerve injury and the impact of neck recurrence on survival.
Data Synthesis The PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER), and Ovid databases were searched for studies written in English that focused on lateral neck dissection (levels II–IV or II–V) for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Case reports with 10 patients or less were excluded.
Conclusions The current evidence is equivocal whether to clear level V or not, and the studies published on this issue are very heterogeneous. Level II-IV versus level II-V selective neck dissections in node-positive papillary thyroid carcinoma patients is far from categorical, with pros and cons for both approaches. Hence, we feel that there is a need for more robust homogeneous data in order to provide an answer to this question.
Bereitschaft zur Inanspruchnahme internetbasierter Unterstützung nach stationärer Behandlung – eine Querschnittstudie
Authors: Frank Fabian , Gräder Nicola , Dahlmann Hannah , Berger Mathias , Hölzel Lars 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziele Untersuchung der Bereitschaft zur Inanspruchnahme internetbasierter Maßnahmen nach stationärer Behandlung.
Methodik Querschnittbefragung an ehemals stationären Patienten (N = 247).
Ergebnisse 44,9 % sind bereit, ein Angebot über Videokonferenz zu nutzen, 34,7 % über Chat, 50,0 % über Mail und 38,0 % als Onlinetherapie. In älteren Altersgruppen ist die Bereitschaft geringer. Vorteile werden in der Flexibilität und Nachteile im unpersönlichen Charakter gesehen.
Schlussfolgerungen Ein relevanter Anteil vor allem jüngerer Patienten ist bereit, internetbasierte Maßnahmen in Anspruch zu nehmen.
Alters-, diagnose- und fachübergreifende stationäre Behandlung für Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene (16 – 25 Jahre) in der Adoleszenzpsychiatrie
Authors: Karow Anne , Lipp Michael , Schweigert Eva , Sengutta Mary , Wiltfang Gaby , Wittmann Linus , Lambert Martin , Bindt Carola , Gallinat Jürgen , Schulte-Markwort Michael 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Untersuchung transitionsmedizinisch relevanter klinischer Charakteristika von Patienten aus der stationären Adoleszenzpsychiatrie.
Methodik Verlaufsuntersuchung von N = 229 Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen (Alter 16 – 25) mit psychischen Erkrankungen.
Ergebnisse Es zeigt sich ein hoher Anteil früher, schwerer psychischer Erkrankungen und Komorbiditäten mit alltagsbezogenen, sozialen und familiären Belastungsfaktoren und ein anhaltend hoher Unterstützungs- und Behandlungsbedarf trotz signifikanter Verlaufsverbesserung.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Notwendigkeit einer fachübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit und gemeinsamen Entwicklung transitionsmedizinischer Versorgungsstrukturen.
Soziologie als Impuls für die Psychiatrie-Enquete in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland?
Authors: Söhner Felicitas , Fangerau Heiner , Becker Thomas 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Untersuchung des Einflusses der Soziologie im Vorfeld der Psychiatrie-Enquete in der BRD.
Methode Qualitative Sekundäranalyse von leitfadengestützten Zeitzeugeninterviews sowie Dokumentenanalyse.1

Ergebnisse Aus der Soziologie gab es theoretische und empirische Impulse zur Fundierung von Psychiatriereform und Enquete. Soziologen arbeiteten in der Enquete-Kommission mit.
Schlussfolgerungen Der transdisziplinäre Austausch zwischen klinisch tätigen Psychiatern und Soziologen, die Adaptation soziologischer Ansätze und Befunde aus der Institutionensoziologie beförderten die Reformbereitschaft in der deutschen Psychiatrie auf dem Weg zur Psychiatrie-Enquete. Auf übergeordneter Ebene zeigt dieses Beispiel, wie Beharrungstendenzen des psychiatrischen Denkkollektivs auf intellektueller und institutioneller Ebene durch die „Ideenansteckung“ (Rothschuh) aus einem anderen Denkkollektiv abgeschwächt bzw. modifiziert werden konnten und in der Folge eine Evolution psychiatrischen Wissens und psychiatrischer Praxis erfolgen konnte.
MC2: a two-phase algorithm for leveraged matrix completion
Authors: Eftekhari Armin , Wakin Michael B , Ward Rachel A 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLeverage scores, loosely speaking, reflect the importance of the rows and columns of a matrix. Ideally, given the leverage scores of a rank-r matrix $M\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$, that matrix can be reliably completed from just $O (rn\log ^{2}n )$ samples if the samples are chosen randomly from a non-uniform distribution induced by the leverage scores. In practice, however, the leverage scores are often unknown a priori. As such, the sample complexity in uniform matrix completion—using uniform random sampling—increases to $O(\eta (M)\cdot rn\log ^{2}n)$, where η(M) is the largest leverage score of M. In this paper, we propose a two-phase algorithm called MC2 for matrix completion: in the first phase, the leverage scores are estimated based on uniform random samples, and then in the second phase the matrix is resampled non-uniformly based on the estimated leverage scores and then completed. For well-conditioned matrices, the total sample complexity of MC2 is no worse than uniform matrix completion, and for certain classes of well-conditioned matrices—namely, reasonably coherent matrices whose leverage scores exhibit mild decay—MC2 requires substantially fewer samples. Numerical simulations suggest that the algorithm outperforms uniform matrix completion in a broad class of matrices and, in particular, is much less sensitive to the condition number than our theory currently requires.
Monitoring Haloperidol Plasma Concentration and Associated Adverse Events in Critically Ill Children With Delirium: First Results of a Clinical Protocol Aimed to Monitor Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Slooff Valerie D. , van den Dungen Desley K. , van Beusekom Babette S. , Jessurun Naomi , Ista Erwin , Tibboel Dick , de Wildt Saskia N. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives:
As delirium in critically ill children is increasingly recognized, more children are treated with the antipsychotic drug haloperidol, while current dosing guidelines are lacking solid evidence and appear to be associated with a high risk of adverse events. We aim to report on the safety and efficacy of a recently implemented clinical dose-titration protocol with active monitoring of adverse events.

Design:
From July 2014 until June 2015, when a potential delirium was identified by regular delirium scores and confirmed by a child psychiatrist, haloperidol was prescribed according to the Dutch Pediatric Formulary. Daily, adverse events were systematically assessed, haloperidol plasma concentrations were measured, and delirium symptoms followed. Dependent on the clinical response, plasma concentration, and adverse event, the dose was adjusted.

Setting:
A 28-bed tertiary PICU in the Netherlands.

Patients:
All patients admitted to the PICU diagnosed with delirium.

Intervention:
Treatment with haloperidol according to a dose-titration protocol

Measurements and Main Results:
Thirteen children (median age [range] 8.3 yr [0.4–13.8 yr]) received haloperidol, predominantly IV (median dose [range] 0.027 mg/kg/d [0.005–0.085 mg/kg/d]). In all patients, pediatric delirium resolved, but five of 13 patients developed possible adverse event. These were reversed after biperiden (n = 2), discontinuing (n = 3), and/or lowering the dose (n = 3). Plasma concentrations were all below the presumed therapeutic threshold of 3–12 µg/L.

Conclusions:
Prospective systematic monitoring of adverse event in critically ill children receiving haloperidol revealed a significant proportion of possible adverse events. Adverse event developed despite low plasma concentrations and recommended dose administration in the majority of the patients. Our data suggest that haloperidol can potentially improve pediatric delirium, but it might also put patients at risk for developing adverse events.
Inferiorly Pedicled Nasolabial Flap for Reconstruction of Anterior Maxilla Defects Class I and II
Authors: Chen Qingli , Abasi Keremu , Gong Zhongcheng , Ling Bin , Liu Hui , Shao Bo 
Published: December 2017

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to present the use of inferiorly pedicled nasolabial flap (IPNF) in the reconstruction of anterior maxilla defects class I and II.

Methods:
Seven patients, 4 females and 3 males, aging from 38 to 75 (mean = 55.9) years old, from 2014 to 2017 reconstructed anterior part of maxilla with or without oronasal communication were included in this study. Five patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, 1 patient presented with epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, and 1 patient had ameloblastoma. The IPNFs were harvested in 7 patients. Follow-up data were collected for a period ranging from 9 to 26 months. Speech, mastication, and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated with a questionnaire in interview.

Results:
All patients healed without infection, flap loss, and flap failure. Five patients without prothetic treatment had little pronunciation problem (score: 1 to 3 points), while 2 patients with removable partial denture had excellent speech clarity (score: 1 to 2 points). All patients had no problem with mastication (score: 1 to 2 points). Aesthetic outcomes were acceptable in all patients (score: 1 to 3 points).

Conclusion:
The IPNF is a good option for reconstruction of anterior maxilla defects class I and II.
Structurally conserved primate lncRNAs are transiently expressed during human cortical differentiation and influence cell type specific genes
Authors: Field Andrew R. , Jacobs Frank M.J. , Fiddes Ian T. , Phillips Alex P.R. , Reyes-Ortiz Andrea M. , LaMontagne Erin , Whitehead Lila , Meng Vincent , Rosenkrantz Jimi L. , Haeussler Maximillian , Katzman Sol , Salama Sofie R. , Haussler David 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYThe cerebral cortex has expanded in size and complexity in primates, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are obscure. We generated cortical organoids from human, chimpanzee, orangutan, and rhesus pluripotent stem cells and sequenced their transcriptomes at weekly time points for comparative analysis. We used transcript structure and expression conservation to discover thousands of expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Of 2,975 human, multi-exonic lncRNAs, 2,143 were structurally conserved to chimpanzee, 1,731 to orangutan, and 1,290 to rhesus. 386 human lncRNAs were transiently expressed (TrEx) and a similar expression pattern was often observed in great apes (46%) and rhesus (31%). Many TrEx lncRNAs were associated with neuroepithelium, radial glia, or Cajal-Retzius cells by single cell RNA-sequencing. 3/8 tested by ectopic expression showed ≥2-fold effects on neural genes. This rich resource of primate expression data in early cortical development provides a framework for identifying new, potentially functional lncRNAs.
Structural basis for endotoxin neutralization and anti-inflammatory activity of thrombin-derived C-terminal peptides
Authors: Saravanan Rathi , Holdbrook Daniel A , Petrlova Jitka , Singh Shalini , Berglund Nils A , Choong Yeu Khai , Bond Peter J , Malmsten Martin , Schmidtchen Artur 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThrombin-derived C-terminal peptides (TCP) of about 2 kDa are present in wounds, where they exert anti-endotoxic functions. In an effort to elucidate the structural and molecular aspects of these functions, we here employ a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), ellipsometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) measurements, andin silicomultiscale modeling to define interactions and the bound conformation of a TCP generated by neutrophil elastase, HVF18 (HVFRLKKWIQKVIDQFGE) in complex with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast to the disordered state of HVF18 in aqueous solution, its binding to LPS leads to a structural transition, wherein the N- terminus of the peptide forms a unique ß-turn whilst the C-terminus becomes helical.In silicomodelling and simulations demonstrated that HVF18, as well as related peptides, target the LPS-binding site of CD14, and this interaction was experimentally supported using microscale thermophoresis. Collectively, the results demonstrate the role of structural transitions in LPS complex formation as well as in CD 14 interaction, and provide a molecular explanation for the previously observed therapeutic effects of TCPs in experimental models of bacterial sepsis and endotoxin shock.SignificanceThrombin-derived C-terminal peptides (TCPs) of various sizes are present in human wounds, where they bind bacteria as well as “free” lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and thereby reduce inflammation. In this work, employing a combination of cellular, biophysical and structural studies, combined within silicomultiscale modeling, we present the molecular structure of a TCP in association with LPS, and define a previously undisclosed interaction between TCPs and CD14. Further, we show that TCPs exhibit relatively weak but specific affinities, all in the μM range, to both LPS and CD14. These novel structural insights into the function of this class of host-defense molecules will facilitate rational design of novel “dual function” anti-infectives, which target both bacteria and inflammatory signaling.
Apparent diffusion in nucleus pulposus is associated with pain and mobility improvements after spinal mobilization for acute low back pain
Authors: Thiry Paul , Reumont Francois , Brismée Jean-Michel , Dierick Frédéric 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTPain perception, trunk mobility in flexion, extension, and lateral flexion, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) within nucleus pulposus of all lumbar discs were collected before and after posterior-to-anterior mobilization in 16 adults with acute low back pain. ADC was computed from diffusion maps and 3 specific portions of the nucleus pulposus were investigated: anterior (ADCant), middle (ADCmid), and posterior (ADCpost), and their mean as ADCall, a summary measure of ADC within nucleus pulposus. Pain ratings were significantly reduced after mobilization, and mobility of the trunk was significantly increased. Concomitantly, a significant increase in ADCall values was observed. The greatest ADCall changes were observed at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels and were mainly explained by changes in ADCant and ADCpost. The simultaneous reduction in pain and increase of water diffusion within nucleus pulposus has has been previously observed in subjects with chronic conditions and exists in the acute phase of the disease. Since the largest changes in ADC were observed at the periphery of the nucleus pulposus, and taken together with pain decrease, our results suggest that increased peripheral random motion of water molecules is implicated in the modulation of the intervertebral disc nociceptive response.
Predictions of Protein-Protein Interactions inSchistosoma Mansoni
Authors: Bear Javona White , McKerrow James H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundSchistosoma mansoniinvasion of the human host involves a variety of cross-species protein-protein interactions. The pathogen expresses a diverse arsenal of proteins that facilitate the breach of physical and biochemical barriers present in skin, evasion of the immune system, and digestion of human hemoglobin, allowing schistosomes to reside in the host for years. However, only a small number of specific interactions betweenS. mansoniand human proteins have been identified. We present and apply a protocol that generates testable predictions ofS. mansoni-human protein interactions.MethodsIn this study, we first predictS. mansoni-human protein interactions based on similarity to known protein complexes. Putative interactions were then scored and assessed using several contextual filters, including the use of annotation automatically derived from literature using a simple natural language processing methodology. Our method predicted 7 out of the 10 previously known cross-species interactions.ConclusionsSeveral predictions that warrant experimental follow-up were presented and discussed, including interactions involving potential vaccine candidate antigens, protease inhibition, and immune evasion. The application framework provides an integrated methodology for investigation of host-pathogen interactions and an extensive source of orthogonal data for experimental analysis. We have made the predictions available online for community perusal.Author SummaryTheS. mansoniparasite is the etiological agent of the disease Schistomiasis. However, protein-protein interactions have been experimentally characterized that relate to pathogenesis and establishment of infection. As with many pathogens, the understanding of these interactions is a key component for the development of new vaccines. In this project, we have applied a computational whole-genome comparative approach to aid in the prediction of interactions betweenS. mansoniand human proteins and to identify important proteins involved in infection. The results of applying this method recapitulate several previously characterized interactions, as well as suggest additional ones as potential therapeutic targets.
The Changing Role of Sound‐Symbolism for Small Versus Large Vocabularies
Authors: Brand James , Monaghan Padraic , Walker Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNatural language contains many examples of sound‐symbolism, where the form of the word carries information about its meaning. Such systematicity is more prevalent in the words children acquire first, but arbitrariness dominates during later vocabulary development. Furthermore, systematicity appears to promote learning category distinctions, which may become more important as the vocabulary grows. In this study, we tested the relative costs and benefits of sound‐symbolism for word learning as vocabulary size varies. Participants learned form‐meaning mappings for words which were either congruent or incongruent with regard to sound‐symbolic relations. For the smaller vocabulary, sound‐symbolism facilitated learning individual words, whereas for larger vocabularies sound‐symbolism supported learning category distinctions. The changing properties of form‐meaning mappings according to vocabulary size may reflect the different ways in which language is learned at different stages of development.
Social mobility among Christian Africans: evidence from Anglican marriage registers in Uganda, 1895–2011
Authors: Meier zu Selhausen Felix , van Leeuwen Marco H. D. , Weisdorf Jacob L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article uses Anglican marriage registers from colonial and post‐colonial Uganda to investigate long‐term trends and determinants of intergenerational social mobility and colonial elite formation among Christian African men. It shows that the colonial era opened up new labour opportunities for these African converts, enabling them to take large steps up the social ladder regardless of their social origin. Contrary to the widespread belief that British indirect rule perpetuated the power of African political elites (chiefs), this article shows that a remarkably fluid colonial labour economy actually undermined their social advantages. Sons of chiefs gradually lost their high social‐status monopoly to a new, commercially orientated, and well‐educated class of Anglican Ugandans, who mostly came from non‐elite and sometimes even lower‐class backgrounds. The study also documents that the colonial administration and the Anglican mission functioned as key steps on the ladder to upward mobility. Mission education helped provide the skills and social reference needed to climb the ladder in exchange for compliance with the laws of the Anglican Church. These social mobility patterns persisted throughout the post‐colonial era, despite rising levels of informal labour during Idi Amin's dictatorship.
Gender differences in first self‐perceived signs and symptoms in patients with an at‐risk mental state and first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Heitz Ulrike , Studerus Erich , Menghini‐Müller Stephanie , Papmeyer Martina , Egloff Laura , Ittig Sarah , Navarra Astrid , Andreou Christina , Riecher‐Rössler Anita 
Published: December 2017

AimGender differences in the current symptomatology of patients with psychotic disorders have previously been described in the literature. However, it has not yet been investigated whether gender differences exist in the very first self‐perceived signs or symptoms of illness onset. The aim of this study was to investigate this aspect in at‐risk mental state (ARMS) and first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients.MethodsARMS and FEP were recruited via the early detection of psychosis (FePsy) clinic Basel, Switzerland. The Basel Interview for Psychosis (BIP) was used to retrospectively assess the first 3 self‐perceived signs and symptoms at illness onset. Differences between gender and patient groups on single item and symptom cluster levels were analysed using logistic regression models.ResultsOne‐hundred‐thirty six ARMS (91 men, 45 women) and 89 FEP patients (63 men, 26 women) could be recruited for this study. On a single item level, women more frequently reported “unusual anxiety, fears” and men (at a trend level) “social withdrawal” as being among their 3 first self‐perceived symptoms, independent of diagnostic group. On the symptom cluster level, women more frequently reported “increased worrying/anxiety” and (sub‐threshold) “hallucinations”, independent of diagnostic group. Problems with “thinking, concentration” were reported more frequently by men in the ARMS group only.ConclusionOur results suggest that only few and relatively small gender differences exist in the first self‐perceived signs and symptoms. While men initially mainly notice negative/cognitive symptoms, women first notice (sub‐threshold) positive and affective symptoms.