bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Access in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients With Obesity*
Authors: Halvorson Elizabeth E. , Case Doug , Skelton Joseph A. , McCrory Michael C. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
Pediatric obesity is highly prevalent and has been associated with poor outcomes for hospitalized children. Vascular access is essential in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether critically ill children with obesity are more likely to undergo vascular device insertion (excluding peripheral IV catheters) and develop related complications.

Design:
Multi-institutional retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting:
Ninety-four U.S. PICUs included in the Virtual Pediatric Systems, LLC database.

Patients:
120,272 unique patients 2 to less than 18 years old admitted between January 2009 and December 2014.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Patients were categorized into normal weight, overweight, and obese (class 1, 2, or 3); underweight patients were excluded. We used mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression to test body mass index category as an independent predictor of vascular device placement and associated complications, adjusted for age, sex, severity of illness, primary diagnosis, presence of a complex chronic condition, and admission related to trauma or surgery. A total of 73,964 devices were placed in 45,409 patients (37.8% of the total cohort received a vascular device). Most device types placed differed significantly by weight status. Subjects with class 3 obesity were less likely (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67–0.81) to undergo placement of any device compared with normal weight patients. Patients with all classes of obesity were more likely to undergo placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter, with the strongest association in those with class 2 obesity (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.14–1.40). Class 1 and class 3 obesity were independent risk factors for developing a complication, with odds ratio of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.11–1.53) and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.07–1.99), respectively.

Conclusions:
Severe obesity is associated with decreased overall likelihood of placement of a vascular access device but increased likelihood of peripherally inserted central catheter placement and of device-related complications.
Aeromedical Transport in Children
Authors: Mortamet Guillaume , Harrington Karen , Raffin Hervé , Menat Yann , Oualha Mehdi , Renolleau Sylvain 
Published: November 2017

Objective
Pediatric aeromedical transport (AT) is highly challenging. We aim to describe a series of 96 cases of children requiring medical transport in terms of the indication, modalities, and related adverse events.

Methods
In this single-center retrospective study, we included air-transported patients less than 18 years old.

Results
During the study period, 96 patients, with median age of 120 months (range, 0–204), were air transported. The reason for AT was repatriation to the home country from another hospital in 65 (67.7%), whereas for 31 (32.3%) patients, it was for transport from a hospital to another for a special procedure. The main diagnosis was trauma surgery (n = 38; 39.5%). Fifteen (15.6%) patients were mechanically ventilated. No patient sustained serious adverse events during the flight. Patients were transported by an air ambulance or by a scheduled aircraft in 55.2% and 44.8%, respectively. The median flight distance was 822 km (range, 277–9878), and most of the ATs were intra-European (n = 41; 42.7%).

Conclusion
This study describes an international experience in providing AT services for pediatric clinical cases. Among pediatric patients, the younger ones constitute a specific population, and most of them require mechanical ventilation. Therefore, the transport of these patients seems to be more appropriate in a dedicated air ambulance.
Distance Between the Distal Rectal Pouch and Perineum in Neonates of Low-Birth Weight With Imperforate Anus
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Hosokawa Mayumi , Tanami Yutaka , Takahashi Hiroaki , Hattori Shinya , Sato Yumiko , Tanaka Yujiro , Kawashima Hiroshi , Oguma Eiji , Yamada Yoshitake 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This study was to evaluate the correlation between birth weight and the distance between distal rectal pouch and perineum (P-P distance) and to determine a cutoff value for P-P distance to diagnose low-type imperforate anus in neonates with low-birth weight (LBW).
We included 15 neonates with LBW (mean weight, 2012 ± 470 g; range, 906–2452 g) and imperforate anus (surgically confirmed: 11 low type and 3/1 intermediate/high type), who underwent ultrasonography on the day after birth. Type of imperforate anus was defined based on the International Classification of Anorectal Anomalies. The P-P distances on ultrasonograms were measured. Pearson correlation coefficient test and receiver operating characteristic curve were used for statistical analyses.
Among all 15 neonates, nonsignificant correlation was observed between the birth weight and P-P distance (r = 0.36; P = 0.18). Mean P-P distance was 9.0 ± 6.6 mm (range, 1.0–24.0 mm) in all neonates, 5.7 ± 2.8 mm (range, 1.0–11.0 mm) in the 11 neonates with low-type imperforate anus, and 18.3 ± 9.1 mm (range, 14.0–24.0 mm) in the 4 neonates with intermediate-/high-type imperforate anus. Using cutoff P-P distance of 12.5 mm, sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of low-type imperforate anus were 100% (11/11) and 100% (4/4), respectively.
In conclusion, nonsignificant correlation was observed between P-P distance and birth weight, and cutoff P-P distance to diagnose low-type imperforate anus was 12.5 mm. Despite the very small sample size in our study, and only 4 neonates with intermediate-/high-type imperforate anus, these findings are important because surgical management whether transperineal anoplasty or diverting colostomy is decided based on the type of imperforate anus, and P-P distance to diagnose the type of imperforate anus was feasible even in neonates with LBW.
Current Challenges in the Development of Acellular Hemoglobin Oxygen Carriers by Protein Engineering
Authors: Benitez Cardenas Andres S. , Samuel Premila P. , Olson John S. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis article reviews the key biochemical mechanisms that govern O2transport, NO scavenging, and oxidative degradation of acellular hemoglobin (Hb) and how these ideas have been used to try to develop strategies to engineer safer and more effective hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). Significant toxicities due to acellular Hb have been observed after the administration of HBOCs or after the lysis of red cells, and include rapid clearance and kidney damage due to dissociation into dimers, haptoglobin binding, and macrophage activation; early O2release leading to decreased tissue perfusion in capillary beds; interference with endothelial and smooth muscle signaling due to nitric oxide (NO) scavenging; autooxidization of heme iron followed by production of reactive oxygen species; and iron overload symptoms due to hemin loss, globin denaturation, iron accumulation, and further inflammation. Protein engineering can be used to mitigate some of these side effects, but requires an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the biochemical and biophysical features of Hb that regulate quaternary structure, O2affinity, NO dioxygenation, and resistance to oxidation, hemin loss, and unfolding.
Coevolution between transposable elements and recombination
Authors: Kent Tyler V. , Uzunović Jasmina , Wright Stephen I. 
Published: November 2017

One of the most striking patterns of genome structure is the tight, typically negative, association between transposable elements (TEs) and meiotic recombination rates. While this is a highly recurring feature of eukaryotic genomes, the mechanisms driving correlations between TEs and recombination remain poorly understood, and distinguishing cause versus effect is challenging. Here, we review the evidence for a relation between TEs and recombination, and discuss the underlying evolutionary forces. Evidence to date suggests that overall TE densities correlate negatively with recombination, but the strength of this correlation varies across element types, and the pattern can be reversed. Results suggest that heterogeneity in the strength of selection against ectopic recombination and gene disruption can drive TE accumulation in regions of low recombination, but there is also strong evidence that the regulation of TEs can influence local recombination rates. We hypothesize that TE insertion polymorphism may be important in driving within-species variation in recombination rates in surrounding genomic regions. Furthermore, the interaction between TEs and recombination may create positive feedback, whereby TE accumulation in non-recombining regions contributes to the spread of recombination suppression. Further investigation of the coevolution between recombination and TEs has important implications for our understanding of the evolution of recombination rates and genome structure.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms’.
Recombination rate plasticity: revealing mechanisms by design
Authors: Stevison Laurie S. , Sefick Stephen , Rushton Chase , Graze Rita M. 
Published: November 2017

For over a century, scientists have known that meiotic recombination rates can vary considerably among individuals, and that environmental conditions can modify recombination rates relative to the background. A variety of external and intrinsic factors such as temperature, age, sex and starvation can elicit ‘plastic’ responses in recombination rate. The influence of recombination rate plasticity on genetic diversity of the next generation has interesting and important implications for how populations evolve. Further, many questions remain regarding the mechanisms and molecular processes that contribute to recombination rate plasticity. Here, we review 100 years of experimental work on recombination rate plasticity conducted inDrosophila melanogaster. We categorize this work into four major classes of experimental designs, which we describe via classic studies inD. melanogaster. Based on these studies, we highlight molecular mechanisms that are supported by experimental results and relate these findings to studies in other systems. We synthesize lessons learned from this model system into experimental guidelines for using recent advances in genotyping technologies, to study recombination rate plasticity in non-model organisms. Specifically, we recommend (1) using fine-scale genome-wide markers, (2) collecting time-course data, (3) including crossover distribution measurements, and (4) using mixed effects models to analyse results. To illustrate this approach, we present an application adhering to these guidelines from empirical work we conducted inDrosophila pseudoobscura.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms’.
What drives the evolution of condition-dependent recombination in diploids? Some insights from simulation modelling
Authors: Rybnikov Sviatoslav R. , Frenkel Zeev M. , Korol Abraham B. 
Published: November 2017

While the evolutionary advantages of non-zero recombination rates have prompted diverse theoretical explanations, the evolution of essential recombination features remains underexplored. We focused on one such feature, the condition dependence of recombination, viewed as the variation in within-generation sensitivity of recombination to external (environment) and/or internal (genotype) conditions. Limited empirical evidence for its existence comes mainly from diploids, whereas theoretical models show that it only easily evolves in haploids. The evolution of condition-dependent recombination can be explained by its advantage for the selected system (indirect effect), or by benefits to modifier alleles, ensuring this strategy regardless of effects on the selected system (direct effect). We considered infinite panmictic populations of diploids exposed to a cyclical two-state environment. Each organism had three selected loci. Examining allele dynamics at a fourth, selectively neutral recombination modifier locus, we frequently observed that a modifier allele conferring condition-dependent recombination between the selected loci displaced the allele conferring the optimal constant recombination rate. Our simulations also confirm the results of theoretical studies showing that condition-dependent recombination cannot evolve in diploids on the basis of direct fitness-dependent effects alone. Therefore, the evolution of condition-dependent recombination in diploids can be driven by indirect effects alone, i.e. by modifier effects on the selected system.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms’.
Are the effects of elevated temperature on meiotic recombination and thermotolerance linked via the axis and synaptonemal complex?
Authors: Morgan Christopher H. , Zhang Huakun , Bomblies Kirsten 
Published: November 2017

Meiosis is unusual among cell divisions in shuffling genetic material by crossovers among homologous chromosomes and partitioning the genome into haploid gametes. Crossovers are critical for chromosome segregation in most eukaryotes, but are also an important factor in evolution, as they generate novel genetic combinations. The molecular mechanisms that underpin meiotic recombination and chromosome segregation are well conserved across kingdoms, but are also sensitive to perturbation by environment, especially temperature. Even subtle shifts in temperature can alter the number and placement of crossovers, while at greater extremes, structural failures can occur in the linear axis and synaptonemal complex structures which are essential for recombination and chromosome segregation. Understanding the effects of temperature on these processes is important for its implications in evolution and breeding, especially in the context of global warming. In this review, we first summarize the process of meiotic recombination and its reliance on axis and synaptonemal complex structures, and then discuss effects of temperature on these processes and structures. We hypothesize that some consistent effects of temperature on recombination and meiotic thermotolerance may commonly be two sides of the same coin, driven by effects of temperature on the folding or interaction of key meiotic proteins.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms’.
Green business models in the construction sector: an analysis of outcomes and benefits
Authors: Abuzeinab Amal , Arif Mohammed , Qadri Mohd. Asim , Kulonda Dennis 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Green business models (GBMs) in the construction sector represent the logic of green value creation and capture. Hence, the call to examine GBMs is growing ever louder. The aim of this paper is to identify benefits of GBMs by adopting five essential elements of the GBM from the literature: green value proposition; target group; key activities; key resources (KR); and financial logic.

Design/methodology/approach
In all, 19 semi-structured interviews are conducted with construction sector practitioners and academics in the UK. Thematic analysis is used to obtain benefits of GBMs. Further, the interpretive ranking process (IRP) is used to examine which elements of the GBM have a dominant role in providing benefits to construction businesses.

Findings
The benefits are grouped into three themes: credibility/reputation benefits; financial benefits; and long-term viability benefits. The IRP model shows that the element of KR is the most important when evaluated against these three benefit themes.

Practical implications
Linking GBM elements and benefits will help companies in the construction sector to analyse the business case of embracing environmental sustainability.

Originality/value
This research is one of the few empirical academic works investigating the benefits of GBMs in the construction sector. The IRP method is a novel contribution to GBMs and construction research.
Experimental study of signal behavior for wireless communication in construction
Authors: Din Zia Ud , Bernold Leonhard E. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of building components of a growing concrete structure and different building materials such as glass and steel on Wi-Fi signals propagation in a construction site. Wireless local area networks are considered effective tools to link the islands-of-communication in construction. Still, designing a Wi-Fi network that can grow with a new construction requires that one understands the performance of propagation of electromagnetic signals transmitted at 2.4 GHz.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews the theoretical behavior of electromagnetic signals when signal attenuation is caused by various construction materials changing their strengths, directions and possibly leading to total absorption. The authors used a typical building layout to conduct experimental work to measure the effect of common building features and communication technologies on signal strengths.

Findings
The measured data not only confirmed the theory-based predictions but also demonstrated the complexity of predicting signal propagation when obstructions inhibit the line-of-sight “travel” of electromagnetic signals.

Originality/value
Different to other papers, the experiments were conducted outside a concrete building mimicking the situation where the transmitter is set up at the site office.
Improving teacher learning: variation in conceptions of learning study
Authors: Durden Guy 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify teachers’ conceptions of learning study in order to provide the basis for an application of phenomenography/variation theory (PVT) to the improvement of teachers’ learning about learning study.

Design/methodology/approach
A phenomenographic study based on semi-structured interviews with 18 beginner teachers of business and economics in England taking part in a learning study during their initial teacher education.

Findings
The study identified five conceptions of learning study and five associated critical aspects. Results raise questions about the relationship between the process and instructional design elements of learning study.

Originality/value
The study offers a framework for exploring differences in the quality of learning studies and the relationship between teacher conceptions of learning study and the degree of conceptual change in students in a learning study. It also enables facilitator/researchers to design and manage interventions to develop teacher understanding of learning study that are consistent with the principles of PVT.
The many faces of lesson study and learning study
Authors: Wood Keith 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the contributions to the current issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is intended to stimulate a discussion about the nature of lesson study (LS), its use in initial teacher education (ITE) and the role of learning theory in the design of the research lesson.FindingsThe term LS was first used to describe a Japanese LS. It was seen as career-long teacher-initiated collaborative professional development through which teachers researched lesson designs to teach problem-solving and develop independent thinking skills in their students. As it has been adopted across the world, it has been adapted. This raises questions about the form and effect of LS in its various forms, about the role of learning theory in the design of research lessons and about the appropriateness of introducing LS in programmes of ITE.Originality/valueThis editorial review provides an overview of the insights and issues identified by the authors in this issue of the journal.
Supervisor motivating styles and legitimacy: moderation and mediation models
Authors: Kanat-Maymon Yaniv , Mor Yaron , Gottlieb Elinur , Shoshani Anat 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating and moderating roles of perceived supervisor legitimacy in the association between perceived supervisor motivating styles and subordinate functioning. Specifically, based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), two supervisory motivating styles were examined: the autonomy-supportive style, characterized by nurturing employees’ inner motivational resources, and the controlling style, in which supervisors pressure their employees to behave in specific manager-directed ways. Legitimacy was defined according to the Relational Model of Authority (RMA).Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was administered to a sample of 252 employees. Moderation and mediation analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe autonomy-supportive motivating style, but not the controlling style, was linked to employee work-related outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction, commitment, engagement, burnout, and depression) through perceived legitimacy. Legitimacy buffered the negative impact of the controlled orientation on burnout and depression.Originality/valueTaken together, the results suggest that legitimacy as a resource may be enhanced by autonomy support and can also minimize the harmful consequences of controlling supervisory behaviors. The theoretical implications of integrating SDT with RMA and the practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Recent advances in sensors for early detection of pathogens causing rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Singh Swati , Kaushal Ankur , Kumar Ashok 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
There is an immense concern in the international community about controlling the outburst of infectious diseases. An essential step towards diminishing it is the development of an adequate detection system. Among the huge plethora of microorganisms which may infect the human body, Streptococcus pyogenes is important one which infects the upper respiratory tract leading to sore throat, which eventually develops into rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in the absence of timely treatment. A major process in controlling the infection is to detect it at an early stage. Hence, there is a need to develop detection tools which are both rapid and reliable.

Design/methodology/approach
Different types of diagnostic methods are available for identification, but the most commonly used are culturing, staining and rapid antigen detection tests. For better sensitivity and specificity, this review describes the development of biosensor. Compared with the current available methods, which are usually cumbersome, time-consuming and expensive, this approach features sequence specificity, cost efficiency, rapid and ease of use.

Findings
This review outlines various sensors which are available for the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes which causes human RHD. The working scheme of the sensors, their sensitivity and limitation of detection has been described in the review.

Originality/value
The review fulfills an acknowledged the need to study various sensors that are available for the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes, causing human RHD.