bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the school science curricula in eleven high achieving jurisdictions
Authors: Hollins Martin , Reiss Michael J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe last two decades have seen unprecedented interest in science curricula, with many governments seeing improvements in the performance of their school students in science as key to future economic prosperity. We present the results of an analysis of the curriculum documents for primary and secondary science in Australia (New South Wales and Queensland), Canada (Alberta and Ontario), Finland, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai and the United States (Florida and Massachusetts). Beyond our specific findings, we note a degree of convergence across these 11 very different jurisdictions. The Asian ones have made and are making changes to encourage students to be more creative and better able to apply their science knowledge and develop their scientific literacy; the ‘Western’ ones are becoming more knowledge focused.
Near- and far-field dispersal modelling of organic waste from Atlantic salmon aquaculture in fjord systems
Authors: Bannister Raymond J. , Johnsen Ingrid A. , Hansen Pia K. , Kutti Tina , Asplin Lars 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The ability to achieve environmentally sustainable Atlantic salmon aquaculture in coastal fjord ecosystems is currently constrained by our limited knowledge of the regional interactions and fate of organic effluents on benthic ecosystems. A first step in addressing this limitation is to establish predictive modelling tools to better understand local and regional dispersion of organic effluents in the wider ecosystem. By combining settling velocity of faecal waste from different sizes of Atlantic salmon, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model coupled with a particle tracking model and farm management data, this study presents a first-generation generic near- and far-field effluent dispersion model to predict the spread of particulate organic waste into fjord ecosystems. Simulations predict that &gt;75% of organic effluents are dispersed to near-field sites (&lt;500 m from the release point), while a small proportion of particulate organic effluents (up to 2.7%) are dispersed to far-field sites (&gt;2 km). These simulations indicate that organic effluents from fish farms may be dispersed over large areas of fjord systems. The input of measured “mass fractions” settling velocities of faecal waste from different sizes of Atlantic salmon ensured that modelled predictions of near and far-field dispersion of organic material over a production cycle were in the range of observed POM fluxes.
Assemblytics: a web analytics tool for the detection of assembly-based variants
Authors: Nattestad Maria , Schatz Michael C 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSummary:Assemblytics is a web app for detecting and analyzing structural variants from ade novogenome assembly aligned to a reference genome. It incorporates a unique anchor filtering approach to increase robustness to repetitive elements, and identifies six classes of variants based on their distinct alignment signatures. Assemblytics can be applied both to comparing aberrant genomes, such as human cancers, to a reference, or to identify differences between related species. Multiple interactive visualizations enable in-depth explorations of the genomic distributions of variants.Availability and Implementation:http://qb.cshl.edu/assemblytics,https://github.com/marianattestad/assemblyticsContact:mnattest@cshl.eduSupplementary information:Supplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
The Big Five personality traits and burnout among Malaysian HR professionals
Authors: Santos Angeli , Mustafa Michael , Chern Gwi Terk 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether Malaysian HR professionals emotions regulation strategy mediates the relationship between their personality and burnout. To date few studies have examined such issues, especially among emerging Asian economies such as Malaysia.Design/methodology/approach– A model linking the Big Five personality to emotions regulation (deep and surface acting (SA)) and burnout was tested using data from 136 employees from a large Malaysian financial institution.Findings– Results indicate that the Big Five had different effects on burnout and emotion regulation. Only SA mediated the relationship between extroversion, emotional stability and openness on personal-related burnout and between extroversion and openness on work-related burnout.Originality/value– The study represents one of the first attempts in the literature to explore how individual differences and emotions influence burnout among HR professionals. The study also addresses calls in the literature to further explore the role of emotions in the workplace in non-Western contexts.
Perceived managerial functions in the front-end phase of innovation
Authors: Rekonen Satu , Björklund Tua A. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore managerial functions and related activities of inexperienced project managers in the front-end of the innovation (FEI) process.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 15 student project managers were interviewed while they were engaged in the front-end phase of their respective eight-month projects. In total, 757 interview transcript segments on their perceptions of managerial functions were categorized based on thematic similarity of content.Findings– Four major managerial functions emerged: providing structural support, coordinating and acting as a link, empowering the team, and encouraging and providing social support. Out of these, traditional task-oriented managerial functions were emphasized.Research limitations/implications– Although limited by the small amount of participants in a university setting, the results suggest that task-oriented managerial functions are dominant even in the FEI for inexperienced project managers. More research is needed to understand the antecedents and consequences of such task-dominance, and whether it persists as more experience is accrued. On the other hand, domain knowledge seemed to play a smaller role than indicated by previous research.Practical implications– Project managers should pay attention to creating structure in the uncertain front-end phase. Swift familiarization with the capabilities and practices of each team member cannot be overemphasized, as otherwise the heterogeneity of the team might become a limitation rather than asset. On the other hand, domain experience of the manager may not be necessary in the FEI.Originality/value– The study addresses the gap in previous research on managerial functions specifically in the FEI. Task-oriented managerial functions emerged as way of novice project managers attempting to deal with the fluctuating contingencies in order to foster innovation.
Network gatekeeping in SME exporters’ market entry in China
Authors: Gao Hongzhi , Ren Monica , Zhang Jing , Sun Ruoyi 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Small and medium-sized exporters (SMEs) are driven to develop a network entry strategy to tap into a new foreign market. The purpose of this paper is to draw on the network perspective to evaluate how a network gatekeeper facilitates a foreign SME exporter’s entry into local business networks in China.

Design/methodology/approach
– The single case study method was adopted. The Ule New Zealand Mall, an online shopping platform that sells New Zealand products in China, was selected in this case study. The authors applied the critical incident technique to evaluate the position of New Zealand Post (as a home country-based network gatekeeper), the roles within the position, and the key outcome of the network gatekeeping.

Findings
– The study discovers two key roles of network gatekeepers: bridging the gap in trust between outsider networks and insider networks; and reducing the costs of experiential learning for SME exporters. Finally, this study concludes that the “brokered insidership” position acquired by SME exporters is the key outcome of network gatekeeping in foreign market entry.

Originality/value
– This study advances the understanding of theories of structural holes, business network and gatekeeping. The authors articulate the critical position assumed by a network gatekeeper in bridging two otherwise disconnected business networks, and their key roles in networking. The study also proposes a new network concept – “brokered insidership”.
Financing infrastructure development: time to unshackle the bonds?
Authors: Hutchison Norman , Squires Graham , Adair Alastair , Berry Jim , Lo Daniel , McGreal Stanley , Organ Sam 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider the merits of using projects bonds to finance infrastructure investment projects and considers the pricing of such bonds and the level of risk premium demanded by the market.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods with desk-based study and interviews. Interviews were held with policy makers, local authority staff, planners, developers, investors, fund managers and academics. Infrastructure bond data were obtained from the Bloomberg database on all project bonds issued in four Asian countries – Malaysia, China, Taiwan and India – over the period 2003-2014.

Findings
– The analysis indicates investor appetite for project bonds and suggests that a risk premium of between 150 and 300 basis points over the comparable government bond is appropriate depending on the sector and the degree of government involvement in underwriting the issue.

Practical implications
– The paper argues that the introduction of project bonds would be an important innovation, assisting the financing of infrastructure investment at a time when bank lending is likely to remain fragile. The current conditions in the sovereign debt market, where strong demand has forced down yields, has opened up the opportunity to introduce project bonds offering a higher yield to satisfy institutional investment demand for long term fixed income products.

Originality/value
– The originality of this paper stems from the analysis of the merits of using projects bonds to finance infrastructure investment projects, the pricing of such bonds and the level of risk premium demanded by the market.
E-government services evaluation from citizen satisfaction perspective
Authors: Anwer Anwer Mohammad , Esichaikul Vatcharaporn , Rehman Mariam , Anjum Maria 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the current status of e-government services in Afghanistan. To identify the evaluation criteria based on citizen satisfaction from e-government services, the proposed government-to-citizen (G2C) evaluation model is considered in the context of Afghanistan.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual G2C evaluation model and e-government evaluation model are proposed. The criteria used for the G2C evaluation model is based on the demand and supply side, which have an immense effect on citizen satisfaction. The mixed research method (quantitative and qualitative) is used, and quantitative data analysis results are supported through qualitative data analysis.

Findings
The findings reveal that citizen satisfaction from e-government services in Afghanistan are affected by services availability on multiple channels, citizen-centric features, paralingual support, process performance, skills divide, awareness, information security and transaction security.

Research limitations/implications
Yet to be addressed, three criteria deemed as significant factors are recommended to be included in the model, namely, government readiness, system quality (usability, service quality and information quality) for supply side and social divide for demand side. These three criteria can help in proposing a successful G2C evaluation model. Additionally, the quantitative data used in this study were collected through paper-based questionnaires. Data collection through Internet can help to get responses from various parts of the country for future evaluation of G2C services.

Practical implications
The key findings of this study are vitally important for e-government strategies and policy makers to design and disseminate appropriate e-government services to Afghan citizens. The proposed evaluation model can also be used as a guideline for e-government development in Afghanistan.

Originality/value
A conceptual model for e-government services evaluation approach is proposed based on literature review. The proposed G2C evaluation model identifies and validates key factors and criteria in the context of Afghanistan.
Evaluation of the effect of double reporting on test accuracy in screening and diagnostic imaging studies: A review of the evidence
Authors: Pow Richard E , Mello‐Thoms Claudia , Brennan Patrick 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDiagnostic error in radiology is not uncommon, with rates of clinically significant error reported to be as high as 20%. Radiological errors are often multifactorial, however, perceptual factors are thought to be mainly responsible. One way of reducing perceptual error is that of double reporting, which refers to the interpretation of radiological investigations by two observers, with strategies of arbitration and consensus available to settle discordant reports. Independent double reporting, where observers have no knowledge of each other's reports, is generally considered to be the most effective form. The impact of double reporting on diagnostic efficacy has been primarily explored in screening mammography, where it has consistently been shown to improve sensitivity, cancer detection rate and depending on local policy, have a positive influence on recall rates. Subsequently, the adoption of double reporting is reported as standard practice in many national and regional breast cancer‐screening programmes. To a lesser extent, the impact of double reporting has also been investigated for neuroradiology, thoracic and gastrointestinal imaging, with small‐scale studies in these fields showing promising results. With the widespread implementation of digitisation and the ease of access to images, the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of double reporting for other common radiological investigations requires attention. The review will evaluate the evidence regarding the effect of double interpretation of diagnostic imaging studies on test accuracy.
Peripheral blood late mixed chimerism in leucocyte subpopulations following allogeneic stem cell transplantation for childhood malignancies: does it matter?
Authors: Pichler Herbert , Fritsch Gerhard , König Margit , Daxberger Helga , Glogova Evgenia , Pötschger Ulrike , Breuer Sabine , Lawitschka Anita , Güclü Ece D. , Karlhuber Susanne , Holter Wolfgang , Haas Oskar A. , Lion Thomas , Matthes‐Martin Susanne 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe impact of persistent mixed chimerism (MC) after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains unclarified. We investigated the incidence of MC in peripheral blood beyond day +50 after HSCT and its impact on rejection, chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (c‐GvHD) and relapse in 161 children receiving allogeneic HSCT for haematological malignancies. The 1‐year incidence of late MC was 26%. Spontaneous conversion to complete donor chimerism (CC) occurred in 43% of patients as compared to 62% after donor lymphocyte infusions. No graft rejection occurred. The 1‐year incidence of c‐GvHD was 20 ± 7% for MC, and 18 ± 4% for CC patients (P = 0·734). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) according to chimerism status at days +50 and +100 was 22 ± 4% for CC patients vs. 22 ± 8% for MC patients (day +50; P = 0·935) and 21 ± 4% vs. 20 ± 7% (day +100; P = 0·907). Three‐year CIRs in patients with persistent MC and patients with CC/limited MC were comparable (8 ± 7% vs. 19 ± 4%; P = 0·960). HSCT for acute leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome as secondary malignancies (hazard ratio (HR) 4·7; P = 0·008), for AML (HR 3·0; P = 0·02) and from mismatched donors (HR 3·1; P = 0·03) were independent factors associated with relapse. Our data suggest that late MC neither protects from c‐GvHD nor does it reliably predict impending disease relapse.
Hypoxia enhances angiogenesis in an adipose‐derived stromal cell/endothelial cell co‐culture 3D gel model
Authors: Xie Qiang , Xie Jing , Zhong Juan , Cun Xiangzhu , Lin Shiyu , Lin Yunfeng , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the influence of hypoxia on angiogenesis in a 3D gel, with co‐culturing adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs) and endothelial cells (ECs).Materials and methodsASCs from green fluorescent protein‐labeled mice and ECs from red fluorescent protein‐labeled mice were co‐cultured in 3D collagen gels at 1:1 ratio, in normal and hypoxic oxygen conditions, and morphology of angiogenesis was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. To discover changes in growth factors between monoculture ASCs and ECs, transwell co‐cultures of ASCs and ECs were applied. Semi‐quantitative PCR was performed to explore mRNA expression of growth factors.ResultsEnhanced angiogenesis was observed in 3D gels implanted with 1:1 mixture of ASCs and ECs after 7 days hypoxia. Genes including VEGFA/B, EGF‐1, HIF‐1a, IGF‐1, PDGF, TGF‐β1 and BMP‐2/4 in ECs, both monoculture and co‐culture, were significantly enhanced after being cultured under hypoxia. In comparison, genes VEGFA/B, EGF‐1, HIF‐1a, TGF‐β1 and BMP‐2 in ASCs increased. In all, factors VEGFA/B, EGF‐1, HIF‐1a, TGF‐β1 and BMP‐2 increased in both ASCs and ECs after being cultured in hypoxia no matter whether as monoculture or co‐culture.ConclusionsCo‐culture of ASCs and ECs at 1:1 ratio in a 3D gel under hypoxia promoted angiogenesis. Those growth factors which were increased in both ASCs and ECs, indicate that VEGFA/B, EGF‐1, HIF‐1a, TGF‐β1 and BMP‐2 might be responsible for enhancement in angiogenesis triggered by hypoxia.
Languages of Stateness in South Lebanon's Palestinian Gatherings: The PLO's Popular Committees as Twilight Institutions
Authors: Stel Nora 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTPublic authority beyond the state has often been seen as isolated from the state and/or constituting a threat to the state. Recent scholarship, however, has started to conceptualize ‘state’ and ‘non‐state’ forms of public authority as closely connected and interdependent. This article contributes to this theoretical shift by means of a qualitative case study of public authority in Palestinian refugee camps in South Lebanon. Lebanon's Palestinian camps are routinely characterized as ‘states‐within‐the‐state’, undermining the sovereignty of the Lebanese state. Yet, as this article demonstrates, both a generic state idea and the specific Lebanese state system constitute crucial benchmarks for the Popular Committees that govern informal Palestinian settlements. The article therefore conceptualizes the Popular Committees as ‘twilight institutions’ and explores the ‘languages of stateness’ that they adopt both communicatively, vis‐à‐vis Palestinian competitors, and coordinatively, vis‐à‐vis Lebanese counterparts. This reveals that the Popular Committees emulate the Lebanese state institutions they come into contact with, to bolster their own authority. They do this partly to be viable interlocutors for Lebanese state institutions; this suggests that the Popular Committees’ non‐state authority might validate rather than challenge state authority in Lebanon, and that state and non‐state authority can be mutually constitutive.
Causes of death in childhood‐onset Type 1 diabetes: long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Gagnum V. , Stene L. C. , Jenssen T. G. , Berteussen L. M. , Sandvik L. , Joner G. , Njølstad P. R. , Skrivarhaug T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsTo assess the causes of death and cause‐specific standardized mortality ratios in two nationwide, population‐based cohorts diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes during the periods 1973–1982 and 1989–2012, and to evaluate changes in causes of death during the follow‐up period.MethodsPeople with Type 1 diabetes who were aged < 15 years at diagnosis were identified in the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry and followed from diagnosis until death, emigration or September 2013 (n = 7871). We assessed causes of death by linking data to the nationwide Cause of Death Registry and through a review committee that evaluated medical records, autopsy reports and death certificates.ResultsDuring a mean (range) follow‐up of 16.8 (0–40.7) years, 241 individuals (3.1%) died, representing 132 143 person‐years. The leading cause of death before the age of 30 years was acute complications (41/119, 34.5%). After the age of 30 years cardiovascular disease was predominant (41/122, 33.6%), although death attributable to acute complications was still important in this age group (22/122, 18.0%). A total of 5% of deaths were caused by ‘dead‐in‐bed’ syndrome. The standardized mortality ratio was elevated for cardiovascular disease [11.9 (95% CI 8.6–16.4)] and violent death [1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.1)] in both sexes combined, but was elevated for suicide only in women [2.5 (95% CI 1.2–5.3)]. The risk of death from acute complications was approximately half in women compared with men [hazard ratio 0.43 (95% CI 0.25–0.76)], and did not change with more recent year of diagnosis [hazard ratio 1.02 (0.98–1.05)].ConclusionsThere was no change in mortality attributable to acute complications during the study period. To reduce premature mortality in people with childhood‐onset diabetes focus should be on prevention of acute complications. Male gender implied increased risk.
One‐hour post‐load plasma glucose level during the OGTT predicts mortality: observations from the Israel Study of Glucose Intolerance, Obesity and Hypertension
Authors: Bergman M. , Chetrit A. , Roth J. , Dankner R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsThe relationship between 1‐ and 2‐h glucose levels following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and long‐term mortality was evaluated.MethodsOver a 33‐year period, 2138 individuals were followed for all‐cause mortality. Fasting and post‐OGTT glucose parameters categorized the cohort according to baseline glycaemic status. Four categories were established according to 1‐ and 2‐h glucose levels (in mmol/l): group A = 1 h ≤ 8.8 and 2 h < 7.8; group B = 1 h > 8.6 and 2 h < 7.8; group C = 1 h ≤ 8.6 and 2 h = 7.8–11.1 (impaired glucose tolerance); group D = 1 h > 8.6 and 2 h = 7.8–11.1 (impaired glucose tolerance). Individuals with diabetes at baseline were excluded from the cohort.ResultsBy August 2013, 51% of the study cohort had died. The worst prognosis occurred in group D (73.8% mortality), followed by groups C (67.5%), B and A (57.9% and 41.6%, respectively). When the 2‐h glucose value is ‘normal’ (< 7.8 mmol/l), the 1‐h glucose value > 8.6 mmol/l is an important predictor of mortality (28% increased risk) compared with group A, controlling for sex, age, smoking, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressures. A gradual increased hazard for mortality was seen by study group (hazard ratio = 1.28, 1.60 and 1.76, for groups B, C and D, respectively; group A = reference).ConclusionsA 1‐h glucose value > 8.6 mmol/l predicts mortality even when the 2‐h level is < 7.8 mmol/l. However, when the 2‐h level is in the impaired glucose tolerance range, the hazard for mortality rises significantly independent of the 1‐h value. Individuals at risk for developing diabetes could be identified earlier using the 1‐h threshold value of 8.6 mmol/l, which could avert progression to diabetes and increased mortality.‬