bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome Sequence of
Enterobacter cloacae
Strain SENG-6, a Bacterium Producing Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Substances That Can Bind with Human Noroviruses
Authors: Ishii Satoshi , Amarasiri Mohan , Hashiba Satoshi , Yang Peiyi , Okabe Satoshi , Sano Daisuke 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Enterobacter
sp. strain SENG-6, isolated from healthy human feces, produces histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-like substances that can bind with human noroviruses. Based on the genome sequence analysis, strain SENG-6 belongs to the species
Enterobacter cloacae
. The genome sequence of this strain should help identify genes associated with the production of HBGA-like substances.
How effective has tobacco tax increase been in the Gambia? A case study of tobacco control
Authors: Nargis Nigar , Manneh Yahya , Krubally Bakary , Jobe Baboucarr , Ouma Ahmed E Ogwell , Tcha-Kondor Noureiny , Blecher Evan H 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate how effective tobacco tax increase has been in increasing price of tobacco products and reducing tobacco consumption in the Gambia. In addition, it tests the hypothesis that tobacco tax revenue grows while tobacco consumption decreases as a result of tax and price increase.SettingThe study is designed at the macroeconomic level to examine the import of tobacco products and revenue collected from tobacco taxation in a low-income setting.ParticipantsThe participants of this study are the government officials employed in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (MoFEA), the Gambia and the Gambia Revenue Authority, who are in charge of planning and implementing the tobacco tax policy in the Gambia.InterventionsThe study includes 2 consecutive interventions in tobacco tax policy in the Gambia. The first intervention was moving the tax base for the uniform specific excise tax on cigarettes from weight to pack of cigarettes in 2013. The second intervention involved increasing the excise and the environmental tax on tobacco products in 2014.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the cost, insurance and freight value and the price of tobacco products. The secondary outcome measures included the import of tobacco products and tobacco tax revenue.ResultsIn 2013–2014, the Gambia MoFEA raised the specific excise rate, which increased price, reduced consumption and generated significantly more government revenue from tobacco products. This is a clear evidence of the win-win outcome of raising tobacco tax. In addition, the Gambia has set the example of harmonising tax rates between tobacco products that reduces the substitution between tobacco products.ConclusionsThe Gambia presents the best practice in tobacco taxation. There is need for documenting more country-specific evidence on the win-win outcome of raising tobacco tax.
Integrating gender and sex to unpack trends in sexually transmitted infection surveillance data in British Columbia, Canada: an ethno-epidemiological study
Authors: Knight Rod , Falasinnu Titilola , Oliffe John L , Gilbert Mark , Small Will , Goldenberg Shira , Shoveller Jean 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesSurveillance data frequently indicate that young men and women experience high—yet considerably different—reported rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including bacterial infections such as chlamydia. We examined how several sex-based (eg, biological) and gender-based (eg, sociocultural) factors may interact to influence STI surveillance data trends.MethodsEmploying ethno-epidemiological techniques, we analysed cross-sectional qualitative data collected between 2006 and 2013 about young people's experiences accessing STI testing services in five communities in British Columbia, Canada. These data included 250 semistructured interviews with young men and women aged 15–24 years, as well as 39 clinicians who provided STI testing services.ResultsThe findings highlight how young women are socially and medically encouraged to regularly test, while young men are rarely offered similar opportunities. Instead, young men tend to seek out testing services: (1) at the beginning or end of a sexual relationship; (2) after a high-risk sexual encounter; (3) after experiencing symptoms; or (4) based on concerns about ‘abnormal’ sexual anatomy. Our results illustrate how institutions and individuals align with stereotypical gender norms regarding sexual health responsibilities, STI testing and STI treatments. While these patterns reflect social phenomena, they also appear to intersect with sex-based, biological experiences of symptomatology in ways that might help to further explain systematic differences between young men's and women's patterns of testing for STIs.ConclusionsThe results point to the importance of taking a social and biological view to understanding the factors that contribute to the gap between young men's and women's routine engagement in STI care.
Use of a service evaluation and lean thinking transformation to redesign an NHS 111 refer to community Pharmacy for Emergency Repeat Medication Supply Service (PERMSS)
Authors: Nazar Hamde , Nazar Zachariah , Simpson Jill , Yeung Andre , Whittlesea Cate 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo demonstrate the contribution of community pharmacy from NHS 111 referrals out of hours (OOH) for emergency supply repeat medication requests via presentation of service activity, community pharmacist feedback and lean thinking transformation.DesignDescriptive service evaluation using routine service activity data over the pilot period; survey of community pharmacists, and service redesign through lean thinking transformation.SettingNorth East of England NHS 111 provider and accredited community pharmacies across the North East of England.ParticipantsPatients calling the North East of England NHS 111 provider during OOH with emergency repeat medication supply requests.InterventionsNHS 111 referral to community pharmacies for assessment and if appropriate, supply of emergency repeat medication.Main outcome measuresNumber of emergency repeat medication supply referrals, completion rates, reasons for rejections, time of request, reason for access, medication(s), pharmaceutical advice and services provided. Secondary outcomes were community pharmacist feedback and lean thinking transformation of the patient pathway.ResultsNHS 111 referred 1468 patients to 114 community pharmacies (15/12/2014–7/4/2015). Most patients presented on Saturdays, with increased activity over national holidays. Community pharmacists completed 951 (64.8%) referrals providing 2297 medications; 412 were high risk. The most common reason for rejecting referrals was no medication in stock. Community pharmacists were positive about the provision of this service. The lean thinking transformation reduced the number of non-added value steps, waits and bottlenecks in the patient pathway.ConclusionsNHS 111 can redirect callers OOH from urgent and emergency care services to community pharmacy for management of emergency repeat medication supply. Existing IT and community pharmacy regulations allowed patients to receive a medication supply and pharmaceutical advice. Community pharmacists supported integration into the NHS OOH services. Adopting lean thinking provided a structured framework to evaluate and redesign the service with the aim to improve effectiveness and efficiency.
Do choosing wisely tools meet criteria for patient decision aids? A descriptive analysis of patient materials
Authors: Légaré France , Hébert Jessica , Goh Larissa , Lewis Krystina B , Leiva Portocarrero Maria Ester , Robitaille Hubert , Stacey Dawn 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesChoosing Wiselyis a remarkable physician-led campaign to reduce unnecessary or harmful health services. Some of the literature identifiesChoosing Wiselyas a shared decision-making approach. We evaluated the patient materials developed byChoosing Wisely Canadato determine whether they meet the criteria for shared decision-making tools known as patient decision aids.DesignDescriptive analysis of allChoosing Wisely Canadapatient materials.Data sourceIn May 2015, we selected allChoosing Wisely Canadapatient materials from its official website.Main outcomes and measuresFour team members independently extracted characteristics of the English materials using the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) modified 16-item minimum criteria for qualifying and certifying patient decision aids. The research team discussed discrepancies between data extractors and reached a consensus. Descriptive analysis was conducted.ResultsOf the 24 patient materials assessed, 12 were about treatments, 11 were about screening and 1 was about prevention. The median score for patient materials using IPDAS criteria was 10/16 (range: 8–11) for screening topics and 6/12 (range: 6–9) for prevention and treatment topics. Commonly missed criteria were stating the decision (21/24 did not), providing balanced information on option benefits/harms (24/24 did not), citing evidence (24/24 did not) and updating policy (24/24 did not). Out of 24 patient materials, only 2 met the 6 IPDAS criteria to qualify as patient decision aids, and neither of these 2 met the 6 certifying criteria.ConclusionsPatient materials developed byChoosing Wisely Canadado not meet the IPDAS minimal qualifying or certifying criteria for patient decision aids. Modifications to theChoosing Wisely Canadapatient materials would help to ensure that they qualify as patient decision aids and thus as more effective shared decision-making tools.
Admission CT perfusion may overestimate initial infarct core: the ghost infarct core concept
Authors: Boned Sandra , Padroni Marina , Rubiera Marta , Tomasello Alejandro , Coscojuela Pilar , Romero Nicolás , Muchada Marián , Rodríguez-Luna David , Flores Alan , Rodríguez Noelia , Juega Jesús , Pagola Jorge , Alvarez-Sabin José , Molina Carlos A , Ribó Marc 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundIdentifying infarct core on admission is essential to establish the amount of salvageable tissue and indicate reperfusion therapies. Infarct core is established on CT perfusion (CTP) as the severely hypoperfused area, however the correlation between hypoperfusion and infarct core may be time-dependent as it is not a direct indicator of tissue damage. This study aims to characterize those cases in which the admission core lesion on CTP does not reflect an infarct on follow-up imaging.MethodsWe studied patients with cerebral large vessel occlusion who underwent CTP on admission but received endovascular thrombectomy based on a non-contrast CT Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) >6. Admission infarct core was measured on initial cerebral blood volume (CBV) CTP and final infarct on follow-up CT. We defined ghost infarct core (GIC) as initial core minus final infarct >10 mL.Results79 patients were studied. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 17 (11–20), median time from symptoms to CTP was 215 (87–327) min, and recanalization rate (TICI 2b–3) was 77%. Thirty patients (38%) presented with a GIC >10 mL. GIC >10 mL was associated with recanalization (TICI 2b–3: 90% vs 68%; p=0.026), admission glycemia (<185 mg/dL: 42% vs 0%; p=0.028), and time to CTP (<185 min: 51% vs >185 min: 26%; p=0.033). An adjusted logistic regression model identified time from symptom to CTP imaging <185 min as the only predictor of GIC >10 mL (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.04 to 8.09). At 24 hours, clinical improvement was more frequent in patients with GIC >10 mL (66.6% vs 39%; p=0.017).ConclusionsCT perfusion may overestimate final infarct core, especially in the early time window. Selecting patients for reperfusion therapies based on the CTP mismatch concept may deny treatment to patients who might still benefit from reperfusion.
Comparing Pointwise and Listwise Objective Functions for Random-Forest-Based Learning-to-Rank
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Carman Mark 
Published: August 2016

Current random-forest (RF)-based learning-to-rank (LtR) algorithms use a classification or regression framework to solve the ranking problem in a pointwise manner. The success of this simple yet effective approach coupled with the inherent parallelizability of the learning algorithm makes it a strong candidate for widespread adoption. In this article, we aim to better understand the effectiveness of RF-based rank-learning algorithms with a focus on the comparison between pointwise and listwise approaches.
We introduce what we believe to be the first listwise version of an RF-based LtR algorithm. The algorithm directly optimizes an information retrieval metric of choice (in our case, NDCG) in a greedy manner. Direct optimization of the listwise objective functions is computationally prohibitive for most learning algorithms, but possible in RF since each tree maximizes the objective in a coordinate-wise fashion. Computational complexity of the listwise approach is higher than the pointwise counterpart; hence for larger datasets, we design a hybrid algorithm that combines a listwise objective in the early stages of tree construction and a pointwise objective in the latter stages. We also study the effect of the discount function of NDCG on the listwise algorithm.
Experimental results on several publicly available LtR datasets reveal that the listwise/hybrid algorithm outperforms the pointwise approach on the majority (but not all) of the datasets. We then investigate several aspects of the two algorithms to better understand the inevitable performance tradeoffs. The aspects include examining an RF-based unsupervised LtR algorithm and comparing individual tree strength. Finally, we compare the the investigated RF-based algorithms with several other LtR algorithms.
Mast cell degranulation and de novo histamine formation contribute to sustained postexercise vasodilation in humans
Authors: Romero Steven A. , McCord Jennifer L. , Ely Matthew R. , Sieck Dylan C. , Buck Tahisha M. , Luttrell Meredith J. , MacLean David A. , Halliwill John R. 
Published: August 2016

In humans, acute aerobic exercise elicits a sustained postexercise vasodilation within previously active skeletal muscle. This response is dependent on activation of histamine H1and H2receptors, but the source of intramuscular histamine remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that interstitial histamine in skeletal muscle would be increased with exercise and would be dependent on de novo formation via the inducible enzyme histidine decarboxylase and/or mast cell degranulation. Subjects performed 1 h of unilateral dynamic knee-extension exercise or sham (seated rest). We measured the interstitial histamine concentration and local blood flow (ethanol washout) via skeletal muscle microdialysis of the vastus lateralis. In some probes, we infused either α-fluoromethylhistidine hydrochloride (α-FMH), a potent inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, or histamine H1/H2-receptor blockers. We also measured interstitial tryptase concentrations, a biomarker of mast cell degranulation. Compared with preexercise, histamine was increased after exercise by a change (Δ) of 4.2 ± 1.8 ng/ml ( P < 0.05), but not when α-FMH was administered (Δ−0.3 ± 1.3 ng/ml, P = 0.9). Likewise, local blood flow after exercise was reduced to preexercise levels by both α-FMH and H1/H2blockade. In addition, tryptase was elevated during exercise by Δ6.8 ± 1.1 ng/ml ( P < 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that interstitial histamine in skeletal muscle increases with exercise and results from both de novo formation and mast cell degranulation. This suggests that exercise produces an anaphylactoid signal, which affects recovery, and may influence skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Blood flow to previously active skeletal muscle remains elevated following an acute bout of aerobic exercise and is dependent on activation of histamine H1and H2receptors. The intramuscular source of histamine that drives this response to exercise has not been identified. Using intramuscular microdialysis in exercising humans, we show both mast cell degranulation and formation of histamine by histidine decarboxylase contributes to the histamine-mediated vasodilation that occurs following a bout of aerobic exercise.
A Pilot Study of Preoperative Single-Dose Ipilimumab and/or Cryoablation in Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer with Comprehensive Immune Profiling
Authors: McArthur Heather L. , Diab Adi , Page David B. , Yuan Jianda , Solomon Stephen B. , Sacchini Virgilio , Comstock Christopher , Durack Jeremy C. , Maybody Majid , Sung Janice , Ginsberg Arielle , Wong Phillip , Barlas Afsar , Dong Zhiwan , Zhao Chunjun , Blum Brian , Patil Sujata , Neville Deirdre , Comen Elizabeth A. , Morris Elizabeth A. , Kotin Alan , Brogi Edi , Wen Y. Hannah , Morrow Monica , Lacouture Mario E. , Sharma Padmanee , Allison James P. , Hudis Clifford A. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Norton Larry 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the safety and tolerability of preoperative cryoablation-mediated tumor antigen presentation and/or ipilimumab-mediated immune modulation in women with operable breast cancer.
Experimental Design: In this pilot study, 19 women with breast cancer for whom mastectomy was planned were treated with preoperative tumor cryoablation (n = 7), single-dose ipilimumab at 10 mg/kg (n = 6), or both (n = 6). The primary outcome for this pilot study was safety/tolerability as defined as freedom from delays in pre-planned, curative-intent mastectomy. Exploratory studies of immune activation were performed on peripheral blood and tumor.
Results: Preoperative cryoablation and/or ipilimumab were safe and tolerable, with no delays in pre-planned surgery. Grade III toxicity was seen in 1 of 19 (unrelated rash after ipilimumab). Combination therapy was associated with sustained peripheral elevations in: Th1-type cytokines, activated (ICOS+) and proliferating (Ki67+) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and posttreatment proliferative T-effector cells relative to T-regulatory cells within tumor.
Conclusions: Preoperative cryoablation and single-dose ipilimumab are safe alone or in combination with no surgical delays incurred. Potentially favorable intratumoral and systemic immunologic effects were observed with the combination, suggesting the possibility for induced and synergistic antitumor immunity with this strategy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5729–37. ©2016 AACR.
Cooperative Dynamics of AR and ER Activity in Breast Cancer
Authors: D'Amato Nicholas C. , Gordon Michael A. , Babbs Beatrice , Spoelstra Nicole S. , Carson Butterfield Kiel T. , Torkko Kathleen C. , Phan Vernon T. , Barton Valerie N. , Rogers Thomas J. , Sartorius Carol A. , Elias Anthony , Gertz Jason , Jacobsen Britta M. , Richer Jennifer K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) is expressed in 90% of estrogen receptor alpha–positive (ER+) breast tumors, but its role in tumor growth and progression remains controversial. Use of two anti-androgens that inhibit AR nuclear localization, enzalutamide and MJC13, revealed that AR is required for maximum ER genomic binding. Here, a novel global examination of AR chromatin binding found that estradiol induced AR binding at unique sites compared with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Estradiol-induced AR-binding sites were enriched for estrogen response elements and had significant overlap with ER-binding sites. Furthermore, AR inhibition reduced baseline and estradiol-mediated proliferation in multiple ER+/AR+ breast cancer cell lines, and synergized with tamoxifen and fulvestrant. In vivo, enzalutamide significantly reduced viability of tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 xenograft tumors and an ER+/AR+ patient-derived model. Enzalutamide also reduced metastatic burden following cardiac injection. Finally, in a comparison of ER+/AR+ primary tumors versus patient-matched local recurrences or distant metastases, AR expression was often maintained even when ER was reduced or absent. These data provide preclinical evidence that anti-androgens that inhibit AR nuclear localization affect both AR and ER, and are effective in combination with current breast cancer therapies. In addition, single-agent efficacy may be possible in tumors resistant to traditional endocrine therapy, as clinical specimens of recurrent disease demonstrate AR expression in tumors with absent or refractory ER.Implications: This study suggests that AR plays a previously unrecognized role in supporting E2-mediated ER activity in ER+/AR+ breast cancer cells, and that enzalutamide may be an effective therapeutic in ER+/AR+ breast cancers. Mol Cancer Res; 14(11); 1054–67. ©2016 AACR.
Habitat preference and roosting behaviour of the Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus (Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae) in Deva Vatala National Park, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Akrim Faraz , Mahmood Tariq , Awan Muhammad Siddique , Butt Siddiqa Qasim , . Durr-e-Shawar , Asadi Muhammad Arslan , Zangi Imad-ul-din 
Published: August 2016

In Pakistan the Red Junglefowl is reported only from Deva Vatala National Park. The present study investigated the habitat preference and roosting behavior of the Red Junglefowl in three different habitat types which included a wild area, cultivated lands and a human settlement area. Habitat preference during the summer season comprised 87.50% wild area, 2.5% cultivated area and 10% human settlement area; during the winter season, the preference was 90% wild area and 10% human settlement area. More numbers of female birds (22) were seen during both the seasons as compared to males (17). The birds preferred old trees for roosting. A total of 16 roost sites were explored on five different tree species; including Acacia nilotica (25%), Acacia modesta (12.5%), Olea ferruginea (18.75%), Magnifera indica (25%) and Dalbergia sissoo (18.75%). The species roosted in groups of 4-8 birds and the duration of the average roosting time was about eight and half hours. We propose that similar studies on the ecology of Red Junglefowl should be conducted to get a better understanding of the species in the study area which is perquisite for its conservation.
The decline of the interspecific agonistic displays in an adult female Indian Eagle Owl Bubo bengalensis (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae): a case of habituation to human approach
Authors: Ramanujam M. Eric 
Published: August 2016

Habituation to humans was observed in a single breeding female Bubo bengalensis and the responses documented. It was observed that owls recognize threats, and differentiate between people. The data shows how ‘familiarity’ can result in reduced flight range and agonistic displays. It was found that the most familiar observers elucidated the least response to human intrusion whereas the role of unfamiliar intrusion had an adverse affect which prevented further studies of the subject.