bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection‐related hospitalizations in the first year after inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis
Authors: Ko Michael Kwan‐Lung , Ng Siew C , Mak Lung‐Yi , Li Michael K , Lo Fu Hang , Ng Carmen Ka Man , Lao Wai Cheung , Tsang Steve , Chan Kam Hon , Hui Yee Tak , Shan Edwin Hok Shing , Loo Ching Kong , Hui Aric J , To Wai Pan , Hung Ivan F , Leung Wai K 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveWith the rapid increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asia, the natural course of the early phase of disease in these patients remains poorly defined. This study aimed to determined the incidence and characteristics of infection‐related hospitalization in the first year in patients newly diagnosed with IBD in Hong Kong SAR, China.MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with IBD and enrolled in the territory‐wide Hong Kong IBD Registry were identified. Details of their hospitalization within the first 12 months after diagnosis were retrieved and analyzed.ResultsAltogether 433 newly diagnosed IBD patients were enrolled, including 188 with Crohn's disease (CD), 230 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 15 with IBD‐unclassified (IBD‐U). Among them, 110 (25.4%) had at least one unscheduled hospitalization in the first year and 34 (7.9%) had infection‐related hospitalization, leading to 43 (23.4%) of total hospitalizations. Gastrointestinal tract (30.2%), respiratory tract (34.9%) and skin and soft tissues (11.6%) were the most common sites of infection. Bacterial and viral infections accounted for 46.7% and 20.8% of hospitalizations for infection, respectively. Common identified pathogens included Clostridium difficile (16.3%) and Cytomegalovirus (11.6%). Multivariate analysis found that patient's age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.06) and the presence of comorbidity (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.05–5.13) were significantly associated with hospitalization from infection in IBD patients.ConclusionsInfection‐related hospitalizations were found in 7.9% of newly diagnosed IBD patients within the first year after diagnosis in Hong Kong, which accounted for about one‐quarter of all unscheduled hospitalizations. Elder patients with concurrent illnesses were at higher risk.
Retention of laryngoscopy skills in medical students: a randomised, cross‐over study of the Macintosh, A.P. Advance™, C‐MAC® and Airtraq® laryngoscopes
Authors: Hunter I. , Ramanathan V. , Balasubramanian P. , Evans D. A. , Hardman J. G. , McCahon R. A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn addition to being effective and easy to learn how to use, the ideal laryngoscope should be associated with minimal reduction in skill performance during gaps in practice over time. We compared the time taken to intubate the trachea of a manikin by novice medical students immediately after training, and then after 1 month, with no intervening practice. We designed a two‐period, four‐group, randomised, cross‐over trial to compare the Macintosh, Venner™ A.P. Advance™ with difficult airway blade, C‐MAC® with D‐Blade and Airtraq® with wireless video‐viewer. A bougie was used to aid intubation with the Macintosh and the C‐MAC. After training, there was no significant difference in median (IQR [range]) intubation time using the videolaryngoscopes compared with the Macintosh, which took 30 (26.5–35 [12–118])s. One month later, the intubation time was longer using the C‐MAC (41 (29.5–52 [20–119])s; p = 0.002) and A.P. Advance (40 (28.5–57.5 [21–107])s; p = 0.0003)m compared with the Macintosh (27 (21–29 [16–90])s); there was no difference using the Airtraq (27 (20.5–32.5 [15–94])s; p = 0.258) compared with the Macintosh. While skill acquisition after a brief period of learning and practice was equal for each laryngoscope, performance levels differed after 1 month without practice. In particular, the consistency of performance using the C‐MAC and A.P. Advance was worse compared with the Macintosh and the Airtraq. While the clinical significance of this is doubtful, we believe that reliable and consistent performance at laryngoscopy is desirable; for the devices that we tested, this requires regular practice.
Neovascular age‐related macular degeneration treated with ranibizumab or aflibercept in the same large clinical setting: visual outcome and number of injections
Authors: Rasmussen Annette , Sander Birgit , Larsen Michael , Brandi Sara , Fuchs Josefine , Hansen Louise H. , Lund‐Andersen Henrik 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo study visual outcome and number of annual injections in treatment‐naïve patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) before and after a change in first‐line therapy from ranibizumab to aflibercept in a high‐volume clinical practice.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of routine clinical practice. The study included 1027 treatment‐naïve patients, 559 of whom started intravitreal ranibizumab therapy in 2011–2012 and 468 of whom started intravitreal aflibercept therapy in 2013–2014, a fixed loading dose of three injections followed by a pro re nata treatment regimen used in both periods.ResultsSnellen best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline and after one year was 0.23 and 0.31 (p < 0.0001), respectively, for patients treated with ranibizumab and 0.25 and 0.33 (p < 0.0001) for patients treated with aflibercept, last observation carried forward. The share of patients (73%) still in treatment with ranibizumab at year 1 had a baseline BCVA of 0.26 but 0.40 at year 1 (p < 0.0001), and the patients (75%) still in treatment with aflibercept at year 1 had a baseline BCVA of 0.28 but 0.42 at year 1 (p < 0.0001). Proportional visual gains for both cohorts were comparable for one year (p = 0.14). The number of injections given within year 1 including first injection was 6.9 for ranibizumab and 5.9 for aflibercept (p < 0.0001). In patients continuing treatment through year 1, the number of injections was 8.0 for ranibizumab and 6.6 for aflibercept (p < 0.0001). The two cohorts had similar cause‐of‐discontinuation profiles.ConclusionTreatment of nAMD at a single centre in two sequential cohorts yielded comparable BCVA outcomes with 15% fewer injections of aflibercept compared to ranibizumab.
Edoxaban drug–drug interactions with ketoconazole, erythromycin, and cyclosporine
Authors: Parasrampuria Dolly A. , Mendell Jeanne , Shi Minggao , Matsushima Nobuko , Zahir Hamim , Truitt Kenneth 
Published: August 2016

AimsEdoxaban, a novel factor Xa inhibitor, is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3 A4 (CYP3A4) and the efflux transporter P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). Three edoxaban drug–drug interaction studies examined the effects of P‐gp inhibitors with varying degrees of CYP3A4 inhibition.MethodsIn each study, healthy subjects received a single oral dose of 60 mg edoxaban with or without an oral dual P‐gp/CYP3A4 inhibitor as follows: ketoconazole 400 mg once daily for 7 days, edoxaban on day 4; erythromycin 500 mg four times daily for 8 days, edoxaban on day 7; or single dose of cyclosporine 500 mg with edoxaban. Serial plasma samples were obtained for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Safety was assessed throughout the study.ResultsCoadministration of ketoconazole, erythromycin, or cyclosporine increased edoxaban total exposure by 87%, 85%, and 73%, respectively, and the peak concentration by 89%, 68%, and 74%, respectively, compared with edoxaban alone. The half‐life did not change appreciably. Exposure of M4, the major active edoxaban metabolite, was consistent when edoxaban was administered alone or with ketoconazole and erythromycin. With cyclosporine, M4 total exposure increased by 6.9‐fold and peak exposure by 8.7‐fold, suggesting an additional interaction. Pharmacodynamic effects were reflective of increased edoxaban exposure. No clinically significant adverse events were observed.ConclusionsAdministration of dual inhibitors of P‐gp and CYP3A4 increased edoxaban exposure by less than two‐fold. This effect appears to be primarily due to inhibition of P‐gp. The impact of CYP3A4 inhibition appears to be less pronounced, and its contribution to total clearance appears limited in healthy subjects.
Augmented oxidative stress and preserved vasoconstriction induced by hydrogen peroxide in coronary arteries in obesity: role of COX‐2
Authors: Santiago Elvira , Martínez Maria Pilar , Climent Belén , Muñoz Mercedes , Briones Ana María , Salaices Mercedes , García‐Sacristán Albino , Rivera Luis , Prieto Dolores 
Published: August 2016

Background and PurposeOxidative stress plays a key role in the vascular and metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity. Herein, we assessed whether obesity can increase coronary vasoconstriction induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the signalling pathways involving COX‐2 and superoxide (O2.‐) generation.Experimental ApproachContractile responses to H2O2 and O2.‐ generation were measured in coronary arteries from genetically obese Zucker rats (OZR) and compared to lean Zucker rats (LZR).Key ResultsBoth basal and H2O2‐stimulated O2.‐ production were enhanced in coronary arteries from OZR, but H2O2‐induced vasoconstriction was unchanged. The selective COX‐2 inhibitor NS398 significantly reduced H2O2‐induced contractions in endothelium‐denuded arteries from LZR and OZR, but only in endothelium‐intact arteries from LZR. PGI2 (IP) receptor antagonism modestly reduced the vasoconstrictor action of H2O2 while antagonism of the PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4) enhanced H2O2 contractions in arteries from OZR but not LZR. Basal release of COX‐2‐derived PGE2 was higher in coronary arteries from OZR where the selective agonist of EP4 receptors TCS 2519 evoked potent relaxations. COX‐2 was up‐regulated after acute exposure to H2O2 in coronary endothelium and vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and inhibition of COX‐2 markedly reduced H2O2‐elicited O2.‐ generation in coronary arteries and myocardium. Expression of Nox subunits in VSM and NADPH‐stimulated O2.‐ generation was enhanced and contributed to H2O2 vasoconstriction in arteries from obese rats.Conclusion and ImplicationsCOX‐2 contributes to cardiac oxidative stress and to the endothelium‐independent O2.‐‐mediated coronary vasoconstriction induced by H2O2 in obesity, which is offset by the release of COX‐2‐derived endothelial PGE2 acting on EP4 vasodilator receptors.
Metabolomic analysis identifies potential diagnostic biomarkers for aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Ban G.‐Y. , Cho K. , Kim S.‐H. , Yoon M. K. , Kim J.‐H. , Lee H. Y. , Shin Y. S. , Ye Y.‐M. , Cho J.‐Y. , Park H.‐S. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundTo date, there has been no reliable in vitro test to diagnose aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).ObjectiveTo investigate potential diagnostic biomarkers for AERD using metabolomic analysis.MethodsAn untargeted profile of serum from asthmatics in the first cohort (group 1) comprising 45 AERD, 44 patients with aspirin‐tolerant asthma (ATA), and 28 normal controls was developed using the ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)/Q‐ToF MS system. Metabolites that discriminate AERD from ATA were quantified in both serum and urine, which were collected before (baseline) and after the lysine‐aspirin bronchoprovocation test (Lys‐ASA BPT). The serum metabolites were validated in the second cohort (group 2) comprising 50 patients with AERD and 50 patients with ATA.ResultsA clear discrimination of metabolomes was found between patients with AERD and ATA. In group 1, serum levels of LTE4 and LTE4/PGF2α ratio before and after the Lys‐ASA BPT were significantly higher in patients with AERD than in patients with ATA (P < 0.05 for each), and urine baseline levels of these two metabolites were significantly higher in patients with AERD. Significant differences of serum metabolite levels between patients with AERD and ATA were replicated in group 2 (P < 0.05 for each). Moreover, serum baseline levels of LTE4 and LTE4/PGF2α ratio discriminated AERD from ATA with 70.5%/71.6% sensitivity and 41.5%/62.8% specificity, respectively (AUC = 0.649 and 0.732, respectively P < 0.001 for each). Urine baseline LTE4 levels were significantly correlated with the fall in FEV1% after the Lys‐ASA BPT in patients with AERD (P = 0.008, r = 0.463).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceSerum metabolite level of LTE4 and LTE4/PGF2α ratio was identified as potential in vitro diagnostic biomarkers for AERD using the UHPLC/Q‐ToF MS system, which were closely associated with major pathogenetic mechanisms underlying AERD.
Pressure Bearing Device Affects Extraction Socket Remodeling of Maxillary Anterior Tooth. A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Jiang Xi , Zhang Yu , Chen Bo , Lin Ye 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundExtraction socket remodeling and ridge preservation strategies have been extensively explored.PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of applying a micro‐titanium stent as a pressure bearing device on extraction socket remodeling of maxillary anterior tooth.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four patients with a extraction socket of maxillary incisor were treated with spontaneous healing (control group) or by applying a micro‐titanium stent as a facial pressure bearing device over the facial bone wall (test group). Two virtual models obtained from cone beam computed tomography data before extraction and 4 months after healing were 3‐dimenionally superimposed. Facial bone wall resorption, extraction socket remodeling features and ridge width preservation rate were determined and compared between the groups.ResultsThin facial bone wall resulted in marked resorption in both groups. The greatest palatal shifting distance of facial bone located at the coronal level in the control group, but middle level in the test group. Compared with the original extraction socket, 87.61 ± 5.88% ridge width was preserved in the test group and 55.09 ± 14.46% in the control group.ConclusionsDue to the facial pressure bearing property, the rigid micro‐titanium stent might preserve the ridge width and alter the resorption features of extraction socket.
Prognostic factors for survival after salvage total laryngectomy following radiotherapy or chemoradiation failure: a 10‐year retrospective longitudinal study in eastern Denmark
Authors: Wulff N.B. , Andersen E. , Kristensen C.A. , Sørensen C.H. , Charabi B. , Homøe P. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveThe primary aims were to determine the rates of and prognostic factors for overall survival, disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival following salvage total laryngectomy.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.SettingTertiary medical centres.ParticipantsA total of 142 patients in eastern Denmark undergoing salvage total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx.Main outcome measures5‐year overall survival, 5‐year disease‐specific survival, 5‐year disease‐free survival and prognostic factors for these outcomes.Results5‐year overall survival, disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival were 37.7%, 54.9% and 55.3%, respectively. N classification at primary diagnosis, lymph node excision and postoperative complications within 1 year after salvage total laryngectomy were prognostic factors for shorter overall survival, disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival. Residual tumour/recurrence was negatively associated with overall survival, close or involved resection margins with disease‐specific survival, and second primary cancer was associated with longer disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival. Nine per cent of all patients had residual tumour and 33.8% developed a recurrence.ConclusionOur overall survival, disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival findings are in accordance with previous studies. With the purpose of identifying recurrent tumour, we suggest extra attention being given to patients with higher N classification and need for lymph node excision during salvage total laryngectomy along with use of frozen sections. The high number of patients with recurrence within 1 year after salvage total laryngectomy occurred although thorough and regular follow‐up visits were performed.
The effect of brain death protocol duration on potential donor losses due to cardiac arrest
Authors: Westphal Glauco Adrieno , Slaviero Tiago Amaral , Montemezzo Artur , Lingiardi Gabriel Torres , de Souza Fernanda Carolina Cani , Carnin Tiago Costa , Soares Diego Roberto , Hachiya Alisson Hideto , Ferraz Letícia Lopes , de Andrade Joel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe severe inflammatory reaction that occurs after brain death (BD) tends to amplify over time, contributing to cardiovascular deterioration and occurrence of cardiac arrest (CA). Our purpose is to evaluate the effect of BD protocol duration (BDPD) on potential donor losses due to CA.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included potential donors reported during the period from May 2012 to April 2014. The risk of losses due to CA was analyzed to identify the chronological threshold at which the probability of loss due to CA increases.ResultsThree hundred and eighty‐four potential donors were analyzed. There was a greater chance of CA after a 30‐hour threshold (OR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.38–1.83), and the lowest risk of was identified for the range from 12 to 30 hours (OR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.19–0.52). Multivariate analysis identified the following variables as being associated with lower occurrence of CA: BDPD between 12 and 30 hours, management of a potential donor inside the intensive care unit, and the adherence to a goal‐directed protocol.ConclusionA long duration between the first clinical test for BD diagnosis and the procurement of organs may be an important risk factor for the occurrence of cardiac arrest in deceased potential donors.
Biological characteristics of a non‐photoperiodic‐diapause strain of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Tan Qian‐Qian , Zhou Rui‐Qi , Liu Wen , Feng Lian , Wang Xiao‐Ping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractComparison of biological characteristics between diapausing and non‐diapausing strains of insects provides some insights into the mechanisms regulating diapause. In this study, biological characteristics, especially diapause characteristics and life‐history traits, of a non‐photoperiodic‐diapause (NPD) strain of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi were compared with those of a normal, high‐diapause (HD) strain that enters diapause in response to either long day length or low temperature. The NPD strain did not enter diapause at any photoperiod at 22°C or higher, but still had a capacity to enter diapause at low temperatures. Although diapause could be induced in both strains by exposure to 20°C, the proportion of individuals having shorter diapause duration was greater in the NPD strain compared to the HD strain. The NPD strain had significantly lower hatching and larval survival rates, longer developmental duration of immature stages, smaller body size and lower longevity and female fecundity compared to the HD strain. The NPD strain of this species is a promising model for investigating diapause regulation in insects in general.
Waterbugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) as sources of essential n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Central Siberian ecoregions
Authors: Sushchik Nadezhda N. , Yurchenko Yuri A. , Belevich Olga E. , Kalachova Galina S. , Kolmakova Anzhelika A. , Gladyshev Michail I. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Aquatic systems are considered to be a main source of essential long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are preferentially synthesized by microalgae and transferred along food chains to terrestrial consumers. Emerging aquatic insects comprise a significant part of this transfer of the essential PUFA from water to land. Quantitative data on PUFA content and composition are available mainly for rheophilic insects while taxa that are characteristic of wetlands and stagnant water bodies, such as aquatic Heteroptera, remain relatively unstudied.
We investigated the role of various waterbug taxa (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) inhabiting different ecoregions in temperate Central Siberia (Russia) as potential sources of PUFA. The ecoregions were steppe, forest‐steppe, hemiboreal forest and montane coniferous forest. Although these waterbugs insects are aquatic in both larval and adult stages, they can disperse through the landscape and transfer essential PUFAs from water to land so making them potentially available to terrestrial consumers.
Species of Naucoridae, Notonectidae and Corixidae were generally dominant in all ecoregions, attaining maximum biomass in the steppe. We showed that habitat or ecoregion played a major role in the variability of fatty acid composition of Notonectidae and Gerridae but not Corixidae. In contrast, the biochemical composition of the only naucoridae, Ilyocoris cimicoides, was largely affected by life stage.
Both the dominant families and species within them differed with respect to their mass‐specific contents of essential long‐chain PUFA of the n‐3 family, namely eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Corixid species had the highest content of these two essential PUFAs among the waterbug studies, and relative to literature reports for other aquatic insects. Corixids thus appear to be a potentially important vector for transfer of the essential biochemical compounds from water to land, especially in steppe ecoregions with numerous ephemeral water bodies.
Increasing incidence of elderly‐onset autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Morii Kazuhiko , Nagano Yuh , Yamamoto Takeharu , Nakamura Shinichiro , Okushin Hiroaki 
Published: August 2016

AimAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) commonly shows bimodal distribution of onset age: at young adulthood and at 50–60 years‐of‐age. However, in recent times, the incidence of elderly‐onset AIH seems to be increasing. This study aimed to investigate whether the incidence of elderly‐onset AIH is increasing, and whether these patients show any clinical features different from those observed in younger patients.MethodsData about patients with newly diagnosed AIH visiting the Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan, were retrospectively collected for the period ranging from January 2010 to May 2016. A total of 71 patients (56 women and 15 men, age 18–88 years) were included in this study. Patients were divided into two cohorts: elderly (≥70 years; n = 28) and adult cohort (15–69 years; n = 43). Demographic and clinical characteristics, biochemical and serological markers, radiological and histological findings, and therapeutic courses were evaluated.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 65 years, the most frequent range being the 70s (37%), followed by the 60s (25%). The elderly cohort had significantly higher levels of serum immunoglobulin G and antinuclear antibody, lesser hepatitis activity scores, and lesser chance of developing other autoimmune diseases. They tended to have higher C‐reactive protein levels and lower serum alanine aminotransferase levels. All patients achieved clinical remission after treatment.ConclusionsThis study clearly showed an increase in the incidence of elderly‐onset AIH. These patients had some unique characteristics, showing that the development of elderly‐onset AIH is influenced by age‐associated immune dysfunction called immunosenescence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1722–1728.