bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does acidification increase the nitrogen fertilizer replacement value of bio‐based fertilizers?
Authors: Sigurnjak Ivona , Michels Evi , Crappé Sara , Buysens Saskia , Biswas Jayanta K. , Tack Filip M. G. , Neve Stefaan De , Meers Erik 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcidification of manure, digestate and their processed derivatives has been proposed as a technique to, amongst others, mitigate ammonia emissions related to application in the field. The current study investigated whether acidification of (1) pig slurry (PS), (2) liquid fraction of pig slurry (LFPS), (3) digestate (DIG), and (4) liquid fraction of digestate (LFDIG) increases their nitrogen (N) fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) as compared to non‐acidified counterparts, a synthetic N fertilizer (calcium ammonium nitrate; CAN) and an unfertilized control. Product performance was evaluated from the perspective of (1) crop development (yield, nutrient uptake, and crop quality assessment) via a pot experiment with Lactuca sativa L. and (2) soil N dynamics [net N release (Nrel,net) and net N mineralization] via a soil incubation experiment. Crop yield of pots receiving bio‐based fertilizers performed ‘on par' with CAN as compared to unfertilized control, implying that bio‐based fertilizers derived from digestate or manure could potentially play a role in replacing synthetic N fertilizers. However, our findings also suggest that acidification did not result in an increased use efficiency of applied N. NFRVs of acidified products were below those of non‐acidified products and CAN, with crop yield on average 6–13% and 11–18% lower compared to non‐acidified products and the CAN treatment, respectively. A possible explanation for lower performance as compared to non‐acidified products could be an inhibitory delay in the Nrel,net, which in our experimental design proved to be negative for crops with short production cycles. This pattern was revealed in the incubation experiments in which Nrel,net in acidified products remained below that of non‐acidified, in this study tentatively attributed to immobilization of mineral N. However, this negative effect on N availability should be reaffirmed in crops with longer production cycles. Finally, some interesting findings with regard to plant composition also warrant further in‐depth investigation, e.g., Zn uptake by lettuce in acidified treatments was significantly higher than that of non‐acidified treatments. This implies that product pre‐treatment may play a future role in biofortification and amelioration of (trace) element composition of crops (arguably for crops with longer production cycles). Improving crop nutritional value by increased uptake of micronutrients is receiving increasing attention.
The solvation inhomogeneity of sulfur dioxide in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate ionic liquid probed by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Bär Jaciara , Monezi Natália M. , Ando Rômulo A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe different solvation states of SO2 in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate ionic liquid were probed by the detailed analysis of the SO2 symmetric stretching mode, νs(SO2). The band position and linewidth were monitored in function of gas molar fraction, excitation wavelength, and temperature. As expected, the decreasing of the SO2 molar fraction, XSO2, from approximately 0.8 to 0.2, leads to a gradual downshift of the νs(SO2) band, attributed to a more effective charge transfer interaction from thiocyanate anion to SO2. Interestingly, at high gas concentrations (XSO2 = 0.8), a gradual downshift of the νs(SO2) band was noticed as the Raman excitation energy increases, an unexpected behavior because the change in the excitation wavelength in Raman spectroscopy should affect only the band intensities. Such νs(SO2) Raman dispersion can be understood as a consequence of the distinct charge transfer electronic transition energies associated to different SO2 solvation states, whose relative band intensities are modulated by resonance Raman conditions. Moreover, the lowering from room temperature to 100 K showed an increasing in the Raman dispersion effect. The temperature dependence was attributed to the strengthening of the cation–anion interaction, responsible for the increasing of SO2 solvation states distribution. The vibrational spectroscopic data regarding the SO2 solvation inhomogeneity in ionic liquids are showed for the first time, and it may contribute in the understanding of why such liquids are promising solvents for SO2 capture.
Impact of nano/micron vegetable carbon black on mechanical, barrier and anti‐photooxidation properties of fish gelatin film
Authors: Ding Junsheng , Wu Xiaomeng , Qi Xiaona , Guo Heng , Liu Anjun , Wang Wenhang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this paper, two kinds of commonly used vegetable carbon black (VCB, 3000 mesh; nano) at 50 g kg−1 concentration (based on dried gelatin) were added to 48 g kg−1 of fish gelatin (GEL) solutions and their effects on mechanical, barrier and anti‐photooxidation properties of GEL films were investigated.RESULTSFrom the SEM images, it was shown that compared with 3000 mesh VCB (1–2 μm), nano VCB (100–200 nm) made the microstructure of GEL film more compact and more gelatin chains were cross‐linked by nano VCB. The addition of nano VCB significantly increased gelatin film strength with the greatest tensile strength of 52.589 MPa and stiffness with the highest Young's modulus of 968.874 MPa, but led to the reduction of film elongation. Also, the VCB presence significantly improved water vapour and oxygen barrier properties of GEL film. Importantly, nano VCB increased GEL film with better UV barrier property due to its stronger UV absorption nature when compared with micron VCB. This property could help in the preservation of oil samples in the photooxidation accelerated test.CONCLUSIONWith improved properties, the nano VCB‐reinforced GEL film may have great potential for application in the edible packaging field, especially for the anti‐photooxidation property. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of egg freshness on their automatic orientation
Authors: Jiang Song , Zhu Ticao , Jia Danfeng , Yao Jun , Jiang Yiyi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐quality eggs in unified packaging are desired by egg production enterprises. Automatic orientation apparatus is frequently used to orient eggs uniformly to pointed‐end‐down position for packaging. However, such apparatus may not work accordingly if the eggs are stored under improper methods or for excessive storage time. To study the effect of egg freshness on the efficiency of automatic orientation process, the relationship between egg freshness and its orientation motions was investigated under different storage conditions.RESULTSThe results showed that as the storage time increased, centroid position and pointed‐end‐down turnover ratio decreased; other parameters such as eggs' obliquity at stationary state, horizontal deflection angle, speed, acceleration of axial motion, side‐slip angle and rolling distance increased. However, the effects of storage time on the guiding distance of the guide rod were not apparent. In addition, the higher the storage temperature, the greater the changes of the final orientation states of eggs on the conveyor line. If the eggs were to be oriented uniformly, they should be stored for less than 25, 16, 10 and 7 days at 10 °C, 18 °C, 26 °C and 34 °C, respectively, under a relative humidity of 75%.CONCLUSIONThe experimental results presented in this paper are very useful for quality control and quality assurance in egg production enterprises. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Inclusion complexes of yellow bell pepper pigments with β‐cyclodextrin: preparation, characterisation and application as food natural colorant
Authors: Lobo Francine Albernaz TF , Silva Vitoria , Domingues Josiane , Rodrigues Silvana , Costa Valéria , Falcão Deborah , de Lima Araújo Kátia G 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work aimed to prepare inclusion complexes using yellow bell pepper pigments and β‐cyclodextrin by two different procedures (method A, ultrasonic homogenisation; method B, kneading), to characterise them and evaluate their colour stability in an isotonic beverage model. The extract/β‐cyclodextrin ratio was 1:2 for both inclusion methodologies evaluated. The formed extract–β‐cyclodextrin complexes and a physical mixture of extract and β‐cyclodextrin were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).RESULTSBoth methodologies resulted in good complex yield and inclusion efficiency. The colour indices L* (lightness), a* (green/red) and b* (blue/yellow) of isotonic drinks added with the complexes were measured during storage under irradiance (1400 lx) and in the absence of light at temperatures between 25 and 31 °C for 21 days.CONCLUSIONThe complex obtained by inclusion method B promoted better colour protection for the beverage compared with the use of the crude extract, showing that the molecular inclusion of yellow bell pepper carotenoids can provide good results for that purpose. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Validation of floral food resources for pollinators in agricultural landscape in SE Poland
Authors: Jachuła Jacek , Denisow Bożena , Wrzesień Małgorzata 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDProper management of bee pastures is considered an important activity for diversity of pollinators and conservation of the population size. In the present study, the floral composition and diversity, flowering spectrum and availability of food resources in natural and man‐made habitats in four rural municipalities in Lublin Upland, SE Poland were evaluated. The connection between pollinator‐friendly biotopes was also determined and some suggestions are made on creation/supplementation of bee pastures adapted to the arable land structure in eastern Poland (mean acreage 7.65 ha).RESULTSForage species richness (S) differed among vegetation types: the highest S value was found in field margins, while mixed forests represented the lowest species richness (mean ± standard deviation = 37.8 ± 9.5 vs 16.5 ± 2.3). In all habitats, the most abundant flowering was recorded in May. Then the blooming abundance decreased until a complete decline at the end of summer. The mean distance between pollinator‐friendly biotopes is 2.4 ± 1.53 km, which is out of the flying range/foraging distance of most pollinators.CONCLUSIONShortages of nectar and pollen resources in the agricultural landscape of SE Poland are evident. Therefore it is assumed that the landscape structure requires support in terms of food niches for pollinators and creation/supplementation of bee pastures is necessary, e.g. six to nine patches of 0.025–0.3 ha each within an area of 100 ha. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical composition and sensory properties of non‐wooded and wooded Shiraz (Vitis vinifera L.) wine as affected by vineyard row orientation and grape ripeness level
Authors: Hunter Jacobus J , Volschenk Cornelis G 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe study aimed to unravel vineyard row orientation (NS, EW, NE‐SW, NW‐SE) and grape ripeness level (23, 25, 27 °Balling) implications for grape and wine composition and sensory properties/style (non‐wooded/wooded wines) of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz (rootstock 101‐14 Mgt).RESULTSSoluble solid/titratable acidity ratios were lowest for EW, whereas warmer canopy sides (NW, N, NE) advanced grape ripening. Skin anthocyanins and phenolics generally decreased with ripening. NW‐SE rows and S, SE, E and NE canopy sides showed highest skin total anthocyanins and phenolics. Wine total anthocyanins and phenolics increased with grape ripening; EW had lower values. Wine phenolic contents differed between canopy sides; N, NE, E and SE tended higher. Wine sensory profiles increased with grape ripening. For non‐wooded wines, NW‐SE and NE‐SW row orientations generally resulted in highest scores, followed by NS. For EW rows, the N side presented better wines. Wood addition enhanced specific sensory descriptor perceptions.CONCLUSIONA large collection of wine styles surfaced in the same vineyard and terroir, increasing options to contribute positively to sustainable products. The study generated globally applicable, novel information vital for unlocking and valorising terroir/site potential for grape and wine chemical composition and wine sensory/style properties. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Nonbreeding home‐range size and survival of lesser prairie‐chickens
Authors: Robinson Samantha G. , Haukos David A. , Plumb Reid T. , Lautenbach Joseph M. , Sullins Daniel S. , Kraft John D. , Lautenbach Jonathan D. , Hagen Christian A. , Pitman James C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe lesser prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), a species of conservation concern with uncertain regulatory status, has experienced population declines over the past century. Most research on lesser prairie‐chickens has focused on the breeding season, with little research conducted during the nonbreeding season, a period that exerts a strong influence on demography in other upland game birds. We trapped lesser prairie‐chickens on leks and marked them with either global positioning system (GPS) satellite or very high frequency (VHF) transmitters to estimate survival and home‐range size during the nonbreeding season. We monitored 119 marked lesser prairie‐chickens in 3 study areas in Kansas, USA, from 16 September to 14 March in 2013, 2014, and 2015. We estimated home‐range size using Brownian Bridge movement models (GPS transmitters) and fixed kernel density estimators (VHF transmitters), and female survival using Kaplan–Meier known‐fate models. Average home‐range size did not differ between sexes. Estimated home‐range size was 3 times greater for individuals fitted with GPS satellite transmitters ( = 997 ha) than those with VHF transmitters ( = 286 ha), likely a result of the temporal resolution of the different transmitters. Home‐range size of GPS‐marked birds increased 2.8 times relative to the breeding season and varied by study area and year. Home‐range size was smaller in the 2013–2014 nonbreeding season ( = 495 ha) than the following 2 nonbreeding seasons ( = 1,290 ha and  = 1,158 ha), corresponding with drought conditions of 2013, which were alleviated in following years. Female survival () was high relative to breeding season estimates, and did not differ by study area or year ( = 0.73 ± 0.04 [SE]). Future management could remain focused on the breeding season because nonbreeding survival was 39–44% greater than the previous breeding season; however, considerations of total space needs would benefit lesser prairie‐chickens by accounting for the greater spatial requirements during the nonbreeding season. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Organic carbon, nutrient, and salt dynamics in saline soil and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) irrigated with treated municipal wastewater
Authors: Ganjegunte Girisha , Ulery April , Niu Genhua , Wu Yanqi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of treated municipal wastewater irrigation on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil macronutrients, Na, Cl, and SO4 dynamics in soil as well as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) shoots under greenhouse conditions. Average SOC concentrations in upper 60 cm increased significantly from the prestudy level of 18 Mg ha−1 to between 21 and 23 Mg ha−1 at the end of the study (2009–2015) under different treatments. Annual average rate of increase for all four depths (upper 60 cm) ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 Mg ha−1 y−1. Nutrient concentration in soil samples was positively influenced by fertilizer application. N, P, and K concentrations in soil and switchgrass shoots were significantly positively correlated. On average, Alamo switchgrass cultivar under irrigated conditions removed 28.5 to 35.7 g N m−2, 2.52 to 3.48 g P m−2, and 29.6 to 38.4 g K m−2, and differences between freshwater and wastewater treatments were not significant. This indicated that wastewater irrigation did not result in excessive accumulation of nutrients in switchgrass tissue. Although salt constituents such as Na, Cl, and SO4 concentrations in soil increased over time as a result of wastewater irrigation, their concentration did not increase in switchgrass shoots, indicating a salt exclusion mechanism. The results of this greenhouse study indicated that the use treated municipal wastewater for irrigation can improve SOC contents of salt affected lands and extend the availability of freshwater in arid regions.
Three‐dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling to test the sediment focusing hypothesis in upland lakes
Authors: Morales‐Marin L. A. , French J. R. , Burningham H. , Battarbee R. W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPalaeolimnological studies rely on assumptions regarding the distribution and completeness of lake deposits that are not always fully supported by observations. In particular, the assumption that “focusing” of suspended sediments leads to preferential deposition in the deepest part of a lake is not always justified, especially in upland lakes subject to energetic wind forcing. Few studies have investigated the hydrodynamic controls on lake sediment focusing, especially the importance of wind‐driven currents in deep water. We combine a three‐dimensional numerical hydrodynamic and suspended sediment model (FVCOM) with a semi‐empirical wind wave model to investigate the potential mobility of bottom sediments in a small oligotrophic upland lake (Llyn Conwy, north Wales, UK). Exploratory simulations of wave‐ and current‐generated bottom stress and suspended sediment dynamics confirm the expected importance of wave‐generated bottom stresses in shallower waters (< 3 m depth) around the shore. Field survey shows that lake sediments are largely absent from this zone. This is consistent with peripheral wave action as a sediment focusing mechanism. In deeper water, wind‐driven currents become the dominant contributor to bottom stress. Strong wind forcing events drive an energetic circulation with peak bottom stresses that intermittently exceed any realistic erosion threshold over a large proportion of the lake at depths far below those at which waves can be effective. The spatial distribution of lake sediments, and the completeness of the sediment record, is thus determined by a complex interaction between wind‐driven circulation and bathymetry, rather than by bathymetry alone. Although our sediment dynamics simulations are purely exploratory, the results are consisted with survey results that show a patchy distribution of deep‐water accumulation. Some implications of these results for the selection of sediment coring locations and the interpretation of sediment records are considered.
Methane cold seeps as biological oases in the high‐Arctic deep sea
Authors: Åström Emmelie K. L. , Carroll Michael L. , Ambrose William G. , Sen Arunima , Silyakova Anna , Carroll JoLynn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCold seeps can support unique faunal communities via chemosynthetic interactions fueled by seabed emissions of hydrocarbons. Additionally, cold seeps can enhance habitat complexity at the deep seafloor through the accretion of methane derived authigenic carbonates (MDAC). We examined infaunal and megafaunal community structure at high‐Arctic cold seeps through analyses of benthic samples and seafloor photographs from pockmarks exhibiting highly elevated methane concentrations in sediments and the water column at Vestnesa Ridge (VR), Svalbard (79° N). Infaunal biomass and abundance were five times higher, species richness was 2.5 times higher and diversity was 1.5 times higher at methane‐rich Vestnesa compared to a nearby control region. Seabed photos reveal different faunal associations inside, at the edge, and outside Vestnesa pockmarks. Brittle stars were the most common megafauna occurring on the soft bottom plains outside pockmarks. Microbial mats, chemosymbiotic siboglinid worms, and carbonate outcrops were prominent features inside the pockmarks, and high trophic‐level predators aggregated around these features. Our faunal data, visual observations, and measurements of sediment characteristics indicate that methane is a key environmental driver of the biological system at VR. We suggest that chemoautotrophic production enhances infaunal diversity, abundance, and biomass at the seep while MDAC create a heterogeneous deep‐sea habitat leading to aggregation of heterotrophic, conventional megafauna. Through this combination of rich infaunal and megafaunal associations, the cold seeps of VR are benthic oases compared to the surrounding high‐Arctic deep sea.
Aronszajn trees, square principles, and stationary reflection
Authors: Lambie‐Hanson Chris 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe investigate questions involving Aronszajn trees, square principles, and stationary reflection. We first consider two strengthenings of introduced by Brodsky and Rinot for the purpose of constructing κ‐Souslin trees. Answering a question of Rinot, we prove that the weaker of these strengthenings is compatible with stationary reflection at κ but the stronger is not. We then prove that, if μ is a singular cardinal, implies the existence of a special ‐tree with a cf(μ)‐ascent path, thus answering a question of Lücke.
Algebraic semantics for the ‐fragment of and its properties
Authors: Słomczyńska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe study the variety of equivalential algebras with zero and its subquasivariety that gives the equivalent algebraic semantics for the ‐fragment of intuitionistic propositional logic. We prove that this fragment is hereditarily structurally complete. Moreover, we effectively construct the finitely generated free equivalential algebras with zero.
Ab‐Initio‐Based Kinetic Modeling to Understand RAFT Exchange: The Case of 2‐Cyano‐2‐Propyl Dodecyl Trithiocarbonate and Styrene
Authors: Desmet Gilles B. , De Rybel Nils , Van Steenberge Paul H. M. , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Marin Guy B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAb‐initio‐calculated rate coefficients for addition and fragmentation in reversible‐addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene with 2‐cyano‐2‐propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile allow the reliable simulation of the experimentally observed conversion, number average chain length, and dispersity. The rate coefficient for addition of a macroradical Ri to the macroRAFT agent RiX at 333 K (6.8 104 L mol−1 s−1) is significantly lower than to the initial RAFT agent R0X (3.2 106 L mol−1 s−1), mainly due to a difference in activation energy (15.4 vs 3.0 kJ mol−1), which causes the dispersity to spike in the beginning of the polymerization.
Dynamical properties of a nonautonomous double pendulum model
Authors: Lampart Marek , Zapoměl Jaroslav 
Published: October 2017

This research was motivated by a real technological problem of vibrations of bodies hanging on chains or ropes in tubes or spaces limited by walls or other bodies. The studied system has two degrees of freedom. It is formed by two pendulums moving between two walls. Its movement is governed by a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The results of the simulations shown that the system exhibits regular and chaotic movement. The simulations were performed for 3 excitation amplitudes and the range of the excitation frequencies between 1 and 30 rad s−1. The subject of the investigations was the determination of the character of the pendulums' motions and identification of their collisions with the sided walls.