bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaktbikkjer i flokk
Authors: Wold Pia Martine 
Published: January 2018

I artikkelen undersøkes omtalen av Høyres leder Erna Solberg i kommentarartikler og lederartikler i perioden 1.1.-30.9. i et utvalg norske aviser i stortingsvalgåret 2009. Ved hjelp av retorisk analyse kategoriserer forfatteren hhv. negativ, positiv og nøytral vurdering av denne politikeren. Undersøkelsen dokumenterer en markant, kollektiv holdningsendring i norsk presse i august, men verken før, under eller etter denne endringen synes kommentatorene og lederskribentene i særlig grad å bygge sine vurderinger på reell argumentasjon. Snarere er vurderingene uttrykk for det Christian Kock har kalt “kynismens doxa” i journalistikken, slik den utøves av pressen gjennom det såkalte “kommentariatet”. Analysen bekrefter en kritikkverdig utøvelse av det journalistiske oppdraget hos norske politiske kommentarjournalister, som etter egen ideologi skal gi leserne informasjon og kunnskap for å forstå politikk og slik kunne foreta mer begrunnede politiske valg.
Etosimplikaturer i lanseringsjournalistikk
Authors: Alnæs Jørgen , Roksvold Thore 
Published: January 2018

Avisjournalistikk er gjerne strategisk kommunikasjon. Journalisten har en intensjon om å fylle redaksjonelle rammer; kilden ønsker å framstå mest mulig positivt med sitt ærend. Derfor kan det ofte hende at avisteksters grunnleggende ærend er et annet enn det tilsynelatende. Dette andre ærendet framstår i stor grad implisitt i teksten (Sigrell 2001), men kan etter vårt syn identifiseres ved analyse av semantiske og pragmatiske implikaturer. Gjennom analysen og begrepsbruken håper vi å konkretisere og vise hva tolkingsaktivitet kan være, og hvordan etisk problematiske trekk er innbakt i tekst og kontekst i et oppslag som viser seg å være en pseudonyhet. Som case velges et Dagbladet-intervju med kjendisartisten Bjørn Eidsvåg og en anmeldelse av en CD han samtidig ga ut. Analysen søker å få fram hvordan Eidsvåg og Dagbladet ønsker at Eidsvåg skal framstå, hvordan han framstår eksplisitt på oppslagets premisser og hvordan han framstår implisitt i teksten. Case-analysen får fram hvordan etosetablering ved henholdsvis semantiske og pragmatiske implikaturer er relatert til sjanger. Vi bruker segmenteringsanalyse av implikaturer i både Eidsvåg-intervjuet og anmeldelsen. Den får fram sjangerforskjeller blant annet ved at bygging av skribentens etos er særlig sentral i anmeldelsen, først og fremst realisert ved pragmatiske implikaturer. Pragmatiske implikaturer realisert ved evaluative språkhandlinger karakteriserer anmeldelsen som sjanger. Segmenteringsanalysen får også fram at den skribentetos Dagbladet setter på spill i intervjuet, delvis restaureres i anmeldelsen. Analysen brukes som utgangspunkt for en diskusjon av problematiske sider ved lanseringsjournalistikk – med relevans for de presseetiske regler i Vær Varsom-plakaten.
Snyd med sproghandlinger: Et retorisk casestudie fra den danske politiske debat
Authors: Jørgensen Charlotte 
Published: January 2018

Casen i denne artikel er fra det danske kommunalvalg i 2005 hvor den fremtrædende politiker Ritt Bjerregaard blev overborgmester for København. Den er kendt som ’sagen om de billige boliger’, der indgår i rækken af sager om brudte valgløfter i den politiske debat i Danmark. Sagen tages op som et eksempel på en mere generel debatadfærd hvor der forekommer misbrug i form af ’snyd med sproghandlinger’. I casen er det snyd i forbindelse med løftet som sproghandling der er i fokus, men det videre sigte med casestudiet er at lægge op til studier af adfærd der også involverer andre sproghandlinger, og som strider med god deliberativ retorik. Sagen om de billige boliger belyses i artiklen ud fra næranalyse af to tekster. I analysen appliceres begreber fra talehandlingsteorien, som i den efterfølgende diskussion og vurdering kombineres med det retoriske redelighedskriterium. Artiklen er således også et forsøg på at illustrere hvordan talehandlingsteorien kan inddrages i retorisk kritik.
Stendhal – vår samtidige? Å lese Selvopptatte memoarer 200 år etter
Authors: Egeland Marianne 
Published: January 2018

Når for lengst døde forfattere skal anbefales til nye lesere, omtaler gjerne forlag og anmeldere verkene deres som “moderne” og “aktuelle”. Det skjedde også i forbindelse med utgivelsen av Stendhals erindringer på norsk i 2010. I denne artikkelen undersøkes både hva det er ved Selvopptatte memoarer som taler til oss i dag, og hva som tross alt er fremmed ved teksten og underspilles i aktualiseringsbestrebelsene, tids- og kulturforskjellen tatt i betraktning. En rekke etiske spørsmål oppstår i møtet mellom da og nå, ikke minst i tilknytning til mottakelsen av den slags hybride og selvfremstillende tekster som brer om seg, og som franskmannens verk kobles til. Spørsmål om sjangerkonvensjoner står følgelig sentralt, og Stendhal sammenlignes med så vel Mark Twain som Benvenuto Cellini, to klassikere fra vidt forskjellige perioder, som i likhet med Stendhal er høyt skattet for sine erindringer.
Vad räknas som belägg för skrivförmåga? Ett textkulturellt perspektiv på skrivuppgifter i den svenska gymnasieskolans nationella prov.
Authors: Borgström Eric Hans Gustaf 
Published: January 2018

SammanfattningI den här artikeln undersöks skrivuppgifter ur svenskämnets nationella prov 2007-2012. Syftet är att rekonstruera några drag i den konkretisering av begreppet skrivförmåga som proven ger uttryck för. För detta parar jag testteorins begrepp konstrukt och måldomän med en textteoretisk/sociokulturell ansats på skrivande. Det innebär att jag undersöker vilka idealtypiska medieringar som räknas som belägg för skrivförmåga (dvs ges textvärde) i provkonstruktionen. Skrivuppgifterna analyseras utifrån dimensionerna tema, inre struktur, och grundläggande skrivhandling, vilka kombinerat med övrig information (tänkt publikationsforum, frivillighet etc.) renderar i synteser i form av skribentroller. Analysen visar att provkonstruktionen aktualiserar fyra distinkta och återkommande uppgiftstyper. Utifrån dessa resultat rekonstruerar jag provets måldomän(-er), och diskuterar provens förutsättningar för validitet utifrån å ena sidan skrivteoretiska ståndpunkter, och å andra sidan de fastlagda kursmålen.AbstractThis article examines writing tasks in Swedish national tests from 2007-2012. My aim is to examine some ways in which writing ability are conveyed by the test. For this purpose I combine concepts such as construct and target domain from test theory, with a text theoretical/socio-cultural approach to writing. Within this framework I examine which written mediations count as evidence of writing proficiency (i.e. that are given text value) in the test context. The writing tasks are analyzed through the dimensions of themes, text structures, and acts of writing. I also analyze the writer roles implied by these tasks. The analysis shows that the test construction brings four distinct and recurrent task types to the fore. Based on those results I reconstruct the target domains of the tests, and discuss the prerequisites of their validity, from the perspective of writing theories on the one hand, and of the established course objectives on the other.
Rozlišení vzdálených záznamů přirozených zemětřesení a explozí na příkladu severokorejských jaderných testů
Authors: Havíř Josef 
Published: January 2018

Severní Korea je jedinou zemí, která po roce 2000 uskutečnila jaderné exploze. Na své jaderné střelnici Punggye-ri v sv. části země provedla Severní Korea v letech 2006 až 2016 celkem pět pokusných jaderných explozí. Magnitudo mb počítané z objemových vln dosáhlo v případě posledního testu, ze dne 9. 9. 2016, hodnoty 5,1 (podle IDC CTBTO) až 5,3 (podle NEIC a NDC Brno). Zatím poslední jaderná exploze uskutečněná na území KLDR byla tedy nejsilnější z diskutovaných pěti událostí. Seismický signál odpovídající severokorejským jaderným testům byl registrován mnoha seismickými stanicemi, včetně širokopásmových stanic Ústavu fyziky Země (ÚFZ). Jedna z těchto stanic (stanice VRAC) je součástí Mezinárodního monitorovacího systému CTBTO zaměřeného na verifikaci dodržování Smlouvy CTBT. Pro tento účel je ovšem nezbytné seismické jevy nejen detekovat a lokalizovat, ale je nutné také rozlišit záznamy přirozených zemětřesení a explozí. Vzhledem k obrovskému množství dat (Mezinárodní datové centrum CTBTO lokalizovalo v roce 2016 více než 37.000 seismických jevů) je zapotřebí, aby metody aplikované rutinně pro toto rozlišení byly jednoduché a automatizované. První rozlišení může být provedeno již jen na základě lokace a hypocentrální hloubky. Další široce používanou metodou je metoda založená na porovnání magnitud Ms a mb. Třetí metodou diskutovanou v tomto článku je metoda využívající kvantifikaci tzv. komplexity (poměr energie cody a počáteční sekvence signálu). Severokorejské jaderné testy vykazují vyšší hodnoty Ms (s ohledem na magnituda mb), než je běžné u jaderných explozí. Naopak předběžně vypočtené hodnoty komplexity jsou v případě severokorejských testů typicky nízké. Výpočet hodnot komplexity ovšem silně závisí na poměru amplitud signálu a šumu. V případě identifikace jevů typu severokorejských jaderných testů se tak jeví jako vhodný postup kombinovat obě diskutované metody (poměry magnitud Ms:mb a výpočty komplexity).
Microstomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomorpha, Microstomidae) from the Swedish west coast: two new species and a population description
Authors: Atherton Sarah , Jondelius Ulf 
Published: January 2018

Two new species of marine Platyhelminthes, Microstomum laurae sp. nov. and Microstomum edmondi sp. nov. (Macrostomida: Microstomidae) are described from the west coast of Sweden. Microstomum laurae sp. nov. is distinguished by the following combination of characters: rounded anterior and posterior ends; presence of approximately 20 adhesive papillae on the posterior rim; paired lateral red eyespots located level with the brain; preoral gut extending anterior to brain and very small sensory pits. Microstomum edmondi sp. nov. is a protandrous hermaphrodite with a single ovary, single testis and male copulatory organ with stylet. It is characterized by a conical pointed anterior end, a blunt posterior end with numerous adhesive papillae along the rim, and large ciliary pits. The stylet is shaped as a narrow funnel with a short, arched tip. In addition, the first records of fully mature specimens of Microstomum rubromaculatum von Graff, 1882 from Fiskebäckskil and a phylogenetic analysis of Microstomum Schmidt, 1848 based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene are presented.
Construction de l’ethos discursif et rapport à l’écriture de futurs rédacteurs professionnels
Authors: Pereira Marie-Emmanuelle , Rey Véronique , Romain Christina 
Published: January 2018

Notre étude s’insère dans le cadre d’une recherche-action sur la didactique de la rédaction professionnelle au sein d’un parcours de master de l’Université d’Aix-Marseille. Nous interrogerons un dispositif de formation qui vise à développer les compétences scripturales professionnelles en travaillant le rapport à l’écriture des étudiants par la production de critiques littéraires de type journalistique. Nous prenons en compte le sujet-scripteur dans son activité de construction d’un ethos, d’une représentation de soi, au sein des textes produits. Le suivi longitudinal d’une cohorte de 12 étudiants permet de dégager des profils d’évolution dans la construction de cet ethos; une étude de cas illustre et éclaire les résultats globaux.
A Distinctive Quebec Theory and Practice of the Notwithstanding Clause: When Collective Interests Outweigh Individual Rights
Authors: Rousseau Guillaume , Côté François 
Published: January 2018

The fundamental human rights recognized by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms supersede other rules of law. As such, any legislative measure conflicting with their content can be invalidated by Canadian tribunals. Yet, to ensure parliamentary sovereignty, both Charters feature an override mechanism, the “notwithstanding clause,” that can be invoked by a legislator to withdraw a given law from judicial scrutiny under charter rights.

Beyond formal and substantive requirements, according to Quebec prominent doctrinal trends and National Assembly, in what circumstances, and to what end, can the legislator invoke a notwithstanding clause?

A review of leading academic conceptions of charter rights in Quebec reveals a distinctive theoretical approach to notwithstanding mechanisms than that of leading Anglo-Canadian authorities. Quebec leading doctrinal trends, distinctly, seem to conceive that legislative overrides can be legitimately made preemptively by a legislature when dealing with matters of collective interests, such as social objectives and national identity, which, in the name of greater good, should not be fettered by private interests. This distinctive reality is also sharply reflected in legislative practice: as Quebec invoked the notwithstanding clause of the Canadian Charter 61 times (in addition to 45 references to the notwithstanding clause of the Quebec Charter) compared to 3 times in the rest of Canada over the same period, overwhelmingly for considerations of social objectives or national identity. This situation could be explained by a distinctive conception of parliamentary sovereignty and of power dynamics between elected legislature and appointed judges in Quebec.
ARCHITECTURE TRADITIONAL MAKASSAR WITH THE IDEAL FORM BASED TO RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT HUMANISTIC (CASE: SETTLEMENT PROCESSING BRICKS GOWA IN SOUTH SULAWESI)
Authors: Imriyanti Imriyanti , Wunas Shirly , Arifin Mimi 
Published: January 2018

The traditional architecture is the cultural identity of a tribe because they have life of its people. Traditional architecture experiencing growth and renewal. Renewal of the traditional architecture of Makassar happens usually get influences from the outside architecture that fit into the traditional architecture thus experiencing blend elements of culture, but the culture of the traditional architecture of original tribes of Makassar maintain, this is called acculturation. Acculturation is a blend of one cultural and the other retaining local indigenous culture. The traditional architecture is experiencing a mix of cultures occurs in public housing environment is an element of the macro, mezo and micro. Incessant development in various sectors particularly the sectors of housing and settlement, this is what happen in the settlement processing brick Gowa district, where the development of the construction of the society processor brick has provoked aspects psychology, than it is that it raises the problem is how the role of ideal form of architecture Makassar who have undergone traditional blend of cultures can form needs humanist residential environment that is safe, convenient, and economic, hygienic. The purpose of this study was to analyze element the of original culture at traditional Makassar particularly in ideal form home to work place primary and support in shaping the residential environment humanist. This research is a descriptive exploratory and interpretative studied theoretically by means observe directly the ideal form of settlement processing bricks in Gowa of South Sulawesi. The results of this study indicate the ideal form of settlement processing in the hamlet brick- Giring-Giring Village Kalase'rena Bontonompo Gowa District of review the system orientation of the house, the tread pattern of at macro space occupancy humanist element appear in the system path, distance, direction of the wind , the working group, the increase in the economic, social and hierarchy family indicates comfort, security, economic to the location of key livelihood source and support to the community house brick processing.
Stratospheric Smoke With Unprecedentedly High Backscatter Observed by Lidars Above Southern France
Authors: Khaykin S. M. , Godin‐Beekmann S. , Hauchecorne A. , Pelon J. , Ravetta F. , Keckhut P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExtreme pyroconvection events triggered by wildfires in northwest Canada and United States during August 2017 resulted in vast injection of combustion products into the stratosphere. The plumes of stratospheric smoke were observed by lidars at Observatoire de Haute‐Provence (OHP) for many weeks that followed the fires as distinct aerosol layers with backscatter reaching unprecedentedly high values for a nonvolcanic aerosol layer. We use spaceborne CALIOP lidar to track the spatiotemporal evolution of the smoke plumes before their detection at OHP. A remarkable agreement between ground‐ and spaced‐based lidars sampling the same smoke plume on a particular date allowed us to extrapolate the OHP observations to a regional scale, where CALIOP reported extreme aerosol optical depth values as high as 0.21. On a monthly time scale, the lidar observations indicate that boreal summer 2017 forest fires had a hemisphere‐scale impact on stratospheric aerosol load, similar to that of moderate volcanic eruptions.
Annual Occurrence Rates of Ionospheric Polar Cap Patches Observed Using Swarm
Authors: Chartier Alex T. , Mitchell Cathryn N. , Miller Ethan S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDense, fast‐moving regions of ionization called polar cap patches are known to occur in the high‐latitude F region ionosphere. Patches are widely believed to be caused by convection of dense, sunlit plasma into a dark and therefore low‐density polar cap ionosphere. This leads to the belief that patches are a winter phenomenon. Surprisingly, a long‐term analysis of 3 years of ionospheric measurements from the Swarm satellites shows that large density enhancements occur far more frequently in local summer than local winter in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The reverse is true in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Previously reported patch detections in the SH are reexamined. Detection algorithms using only a relative doubling test count very small density fluctuations in SH winter due to extremely low ambient densities found there, while much larger enhancements occurring in SH summer are missed due to especially high ambient densities. The same problem does not afflict results in the NH, where ambient densities are more stable year‐round due to the ionospheric annual asymmetry. Given this new analysis, the definition of a patch as a doubling of the ambient density is not suitable for the SH. We propose a test for patches linked to long‐term averaged solar flux activity, characterized by the 81 day centered mean F10.7 index. Importantly, the current patch formation theory is at least incomplete in that it does not predict the observed lack of patches in SH winter, or the many large enhancements seen in SH summer.
Enhanced Mantle Upwelling/Melting Caused Segment Propagation, Oceanic Core Complex Die Off, and the Death of a Transform Fault: The Mid‐Atlantic Ridge at 21.5°N
Authors: Dannowski A. , Morgan J. P. , Grevemeyer I. , Ranero C. R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCrustal structure provides the key to understand the interplay of magmatism and tectonism, while oceanic crust is constructed at Mid‐Ocean Ridges (MORs). At slow spreading rates, magmatic processes dominate central areas of MOR segments, whereas segment ends are highly tectonized. The TAMMAR segment at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between 21°25′N and 22°N is a magmatically active segment. At ~4.5 Ma this segment started to propagate south, causing the termination of the transform fault at 21°40′N. This stopped long‐lived detachment faulting and caused the migration of the ridge offset to the south. Here a segment center with a high magmatic budget has replaced a transform fault region with limited magma supply. We present results from seismic refraction profiles that mapped the crustal structure across the ridge crest of the TAMMAR segment. Seismic data yield crustal structure changes at the segment center as a function of melt supply. Seismic Layer 3 underwent profound changes in thickness and became rapidly thicker ~5 Ma. This correlates with the observed “Bull's Eye” gravimetric anomaly in that region. Our observations support a temporal change from thick lithosphere with oceanic core complex formation and transform faulting to thin lithosphere with focused mantle upwelling and segment growth. Temporal changes in crustal construction are connected to variations in the underlying mantle. We propose that there is a link between the neighboring segments at a larger scale within the asthenosphere, to form a long, highly magmatically active macrosegment, here called the TAMMAR‐Kane Macrosegment.
Insights Into Layering in the Cratonic Lithosphere Beneath Western Australia
Authors: Sun Weijia , Fu Li‐Yun , Saygin Erdinc , Zhao Liang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe characteristics of internal lithospheric discontinuities carry crucial information regarding the origin and evolution of the lithosphere. However, the formation and mechanisms of the midlithosphere discontinuity (MLD) are still enigmatic and controversial. We investigate the midlithospheric discontinuities beneath the Archean Western Australian Craton, which represents one of the oldest continents on the globe, using a novel receiver‐based reflectivity approach combined with other geophysical information comprising tomographic P and S wave velocity, radial anisotropy, electrical resistivity, and heat flow data. The MLD is rather shallow with a depth of 68–82 km. Multiple prominent discontinuities are observed in the lithospheric mantle using constructed high‐frequency (0.5–4 Hz) P wave reflectivities. These multiple discontinuities coincide well with the broad‐scale reduction of relative P and SV wave velocities at the top of the graded transition zone from the lithosphere to the asthenosphere. Strong radial anisotropy in the upper lithosphere mantle tends to be weak across the MLD, which might reflect quasi‐laminar lithospheric heterogeneity behavior with a horizontal correlation length that is greater than its vertical correlation length. Broad‐scale electrical resistivity variations show little coherence with the MLD. Given these various geophysical observations, the upper lithosphere exhibits rigid and elastic properties above the MLD, while the lower lithosphere tends to be ductile and rheological or viscous. A model comprising quasi‐laminar lithospheric heterogeneity could effectively represent the MLD characteristics beneath the Archean continent.
A Locally Generated High‐Mode Nonlinear Internal Wave Detected on the Shelf of the Northern South China Sea From Marine Seismic Observations
Authors: Tang Qunshu , Xu Min , Zheng Chan , Xu Xing , Xu Jiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, a secondary nonlinear internal wave (NIW) on the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea is investigated using high‐resolution seismic imaging and joint inversion of water structure properties combined with in situ hydrographic observations. It is an extraordinary wave combination with two mode‐2 NIWs and one elevated NIW occurring within a short distance of 2 km. The most energetic part of the NIW could be regarded as a mode‐2 NIW in the upper layer between 40 and 120 m depth. The vertical particle velocity of ∼41 cm/s may exceed the critical value of wave breaking and thus collapse the strong stratification followed by a series of processes including internal wave breaking, overturning, Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability, stratification splitting, and eventual restratification. Among these processes, the shear‐induced Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability is directly imaged using the seismic method for the first time. The stratification splitting and restratification show that the unstable stage lasts only for a few hours and spans several kilometers. It is a new observation that the elevated NIW could be generated in a deepwater region (as deep as ∼370 m). Different from the periodical NIWs originating from the Luzon Strait, this secondary NIW is most likely generated locally, at the continental shelf break during ebb tide.