bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phased antenna array for surface plasmons
Authors: Dikken Dirk Jan W. , Korterik Jeroen P. , Segerink Frans B. , Herek Jennifer L. , Prangsma Jord C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSurface plasmon polaritons are electromagnetic waves that propagate tightly bound to metal surfaces. The concentration of the electromagnetic field at the surface as well as the short wavelength of surface plasmons enable sensitive detection methods and miniaturization of optics. We present an optical frequency plasmonic analog to the phased antenna array as it is well known in radar technology and radio astronomy. Individual holes in a thick gold film act as dipolar emitters of surface plasmon polaritons whose phase is controlled individually using a digital spatial light modulator. We show experimentally, using a phase sensitive near-field microscope, that this optical system allows accurate directional emission of surface waves. This compact and flexible method allows for dynamically shaping the propagation of plasmons and holds promise for nanophotonic applications employing propagating surface plasmons.
COD capture: a feasible option towards energy self-sufficient domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: Wan Junfeng , Gu Jun , Zhao Qian , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough the activated sludge process, one of the most remarkable engineering inventions in the 20th century, has made significant contribution to wastewater reclamation in the past 100 years, its high energy consumption is posing a serious impact and challenge on the current wastewater industry worldwide and is also inevitably linked to the issue of global climate change. In this study, we argued that substantial improvement in the energy efficiency might be no longer achievable through further optimization of the activated sludge process. Instead, we should devote more effort to the development or the adoption of novel treatment configurations and emerging technologies. Of which an example is A-B process which can significantly improve the energy recovery potential at A-stage, while markedly reduces energy consumption at B-stage. Various configurations of A-B process with energy analysis are thus discussed. It appears highly possible to achieve an overall energy gain in WWTPs with A-B process as a core.
Li-Assisted Low-Temperature Phase Transitions in Solution-Processed Indium Oxide Films for High-Performance Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Nguyen Manh-Cuong , Jang Mi , Lee Dong-Hwi , Bang Hyun-Jun , Lee Minjung , Jeong Jae Kyeong , Yang Hoichang , Choi Rino 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLithium (Li)-assisted indium oxide (In2O3) thin films with ordered structures were prepared on solution-processed zirconium oxide (ZrO2) gate dielectrics by spin-casting and thermally annealing hydrated indium nitrate solutions with different Li nitrate loadings. It was found that the Li-assisted In precursor films on ZrO2 dielectrics could form crystalline structures even at processing temperatures (T) below 200 °C. Different In oxidation states were observed in the Li-doped films, and the development of such states was significantly affected by both temperature and the mol% of Li cations, [Li+]/([In3+] + [Li+]), in the precursor solutions. Upon annealing the Li-assisted precursor films below 200 °C, metastable indium hydroxide and/or indium oxyhydroxide phases were formed. These phases were subsequently transformed into crystalline In2O3 nanostructures after thermal dehydration and oxidation. Finally, an In2O3 film doped with 13.5 mol% Li+ and annealed at 250 °C for 1 h exhibited the highest electron mobility of 60 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on/off current ratio above 108 when utilized in a thin film transistor.
A novel type 2 diabetes risk allele increases the promoter activity of the muscle-specific small ankyrin 1 gene
Authors: Yan Rengna , Lai Shanshan , Yang Yang , Shi Hongfei , Cai Zhenming , Sorrentino Vincenzo , Du Hong , Chen Huimei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have identified Ankyrin-1 (ANK1) as a common type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility locus. However, the underlying causal variants and functional mechanisms remain unknown. We screened for 8 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ANK1 between 2 case-control studies. Genotype analysis revealed significant associations of 3 SNPs, rs508419 (first identified here), rs515071, and rs516946 with T2D (P < 0.001). These SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.80); subsequent analysis indicated that the CCC haplotype associated with increased T2D susceptibility (OR 1.447, P < 0.001). Further mapping showed that rs508419 resides in the muscle-specific ANK1 gene promoter. Allele-specific mRNA and protein level measurements confirmed association of the C allele with increased small ANK1 (sAnk1) expression in human skeletal muscle (P = 0.018 and P < 0.001, respectively). Luciferase assays showed increased rs508419-C allele transcriptional activity in murine skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts, and electrophoretic mobility-shift assays demonstrated altered rs508419 DNA-protein complex formation. Glucose uptake was decreased with excess sAnk1 expression upon insulin stimulation. Thus, the ANK1 rs508419-C T2D-risk allele alters DNA-protein complex binding leading to increased promoter activity and sAnk1 expression; thus, increased sAnk1 expression in skeletal muscle might contribute to T2D susceptibility.
The effects of magnetic fields exposure on relative permittivity of saline solutions measured by a high resolution SPR system
Authors: Jiang Li , Zhao Xinyuan , Fei Yue , Yu Dongdong , Qian Jun , Tong Jinguang , Chen Guangdi , He Sailing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA measurement system for the relative permittivity of a physiological solution under 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF) is presented. It is based on a phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system. Relative permittivity was analyzed for different solute concentrations of sodium chloride under various MF exposure parameters. We found that MF exposure at 0.2–4.0 mT step-wise decreased significantly the SPR phase signal of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution while 0.1 mT of MF exposure did not. The decreases in the SPR phase signal depended on the duration of MF exposure and the signal reached a plateau after 15 min of exposure. Interestingly, the decreased SPR phase signal showed a gradual increase and approached the background level when the exposure was drawn off. In addition, we found that the response of the sodium chloride solution to MF also depended on its concentration. In brief, the relative permittivity of sodium chloride in solutions appears to be practically affected by 50 Hz MF exposure. Our data indicates that the relative permittivity of the saline solution influenced by MF exposure should be considered when investigating the biological effects of MF exposure on organisms in experimental study.
A high-throughput neutralizing assay for antibodies and sera against hepatitis E virus
Authors: Cai Wei , Tang Zi-Min , Wen Gui-Ping , Wang Si-Ling , Ji Wen-Fang , Yang Min , Ying Dong , Zheng Zi-Zheng , Xia Ning-Shao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is the aetiological agent of enterically transmitted hepatitis. The traditional methods for evaluating neutralizing antibody titres against HEV are real-time PCR and the immunofluorescence foci assay (IFA), which are poorly repeatable and operationally complicated, factors that limit their applicability to high-throughput assays. In this study, we developed a novel high-throughput neutralizing assay based on biotin-conjugated p239 (HEV recombinant capsid proteins, a.a. 368–606) and staining with allophycocyanin-conjugated streptavidin (streptavidin APC) to amplify the fluorescence signal. A linear regression analysis indicated that there was a high degree of correlation between IFA and the novel assay. Using this method, we quantitatively evaluated the neutralization of sera from HEV-infected and vaccinated macaques. The anti-HEV IgG level had good concordance with the neutralizing titres of macaque sera. However, the neutralization titres of the sera were also influenced by anti-HEV IgM responses. Further analysis also indicated that, although vaccination with HEV vaccine stimulated higher anti-HEV IgG and neutralization titres than infection with HEV in macaques, the proportions of neutralizing antibodies in the infected macaques’ sera were higher than in the vaccinated macaques with the same anti-HEV IgG levels. Thus, the infection more efficiently stimulated neutralizing antibody responses.
Ti–Ag–Pd alloy with good mechanical properties and high potential for biological applications
Authors: Zadorozhnyy V. Yu. , Shi X. , Gorshenkov M. V. , Kozak D. S. , Wada T. , Louzguine-Luzgin D. V. , Inoue A. , Kato H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTi-based alloys containing Ag were produced by tilt-casting method and their properties were studied. Even in its as-cast state, Ti94Ag3Pd3showed relatively high tensile properties, good electrochemical behavior and good biocompatibility. The relatively good mechanical properties of the as-cast α-Ti-type Ti94Ag3Pd3alloy (tensile strength up to 850 MPa and elongation of ~10%) can be explained by its severely deformed, fine crystalline structure. The high biocompatibility of Ti94Ag3Pd3can be explained by the Ag–Pd interaction, which inhibits the release of Ag ions from the surface. Ag, in combination with Pd has no toxic effects and demonstrates useful antimicrobial properties. The Ti94Ag3Pd3alloy shows a good potential to be applied as a biomedical implant alloy.
The estrogenicity of methylparaben and ethylparaben at doses close to the acceptable daily intake in immature Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Sun Libei , Yu Tong , Guo Jilong , Zhang Zhaobin , Hu Ying , Xiao Xuan , Sun Yingli , Xiao Han , Li Junyu , Zhu Desheng , Sai Linlin , Li Jun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe estrogenicity of parabens at human exposure levels has become a focus of concern due to the debate over whether the estrogenicity of parabens is strong enough to play a role in the increased incidence of breast cancer. In this study, the uterotrophic activities of methylparaben (MP) and ethylparaben (EP) at doses close to the acceptable daily intake as allocated by JECFA were demonstrated in immature Sprague-Dawley rats by intragastric administration, and up-regulations of estrogen-responsive biomarker genes were found in uteri of the rats by quantitative real-time RT–PCR (Q-RT-PCR). At the same time, the urinary concentrations of MP and EP, as measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in rats that received the same doses of MP and EP, were found to be near the high urinary levels reported in human populations in recent years. These results show the in vivo estrogenicity of MP and EP at human exposure levels, and indicate that populations exposed to large amounts of MP and EP may have a high burden of estrogenicity-related diseases. In addition, a molecular docking simulation showed interaction between the parabens and the agonist-binding pocket of human estrogen receptor α (hERα).
Quantification of dopaminergic neuron differentiation and neurotoxicity via a genetic reporter
Authors: Cui Jun , Rothstein Megan , Bennett Theo , Zhang Pengbo , Xia Ninuo , Reijo Pera Renee A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells provide a powerful human-genome based system for modeling human diseases in vitro and for potentially identifying novel treatments. Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells produces many specific cell types including dopaminergic neurons. Here, we generated a genetic reporter assay in pluripotent stem cells using newly-developed genome editing technologies in order to monitor differentiation efficiency and compare dopaminergic neuron survival under different conditions. We show that insertion of a luciferase reporter gene into the endogenous tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) locus enables rapid and easy quantification of dopaminergic neurons in cell culture throughout the entire differentiation process. Moreover, we demonstrate that the cellular assay is effective in assessing neuron response to different cytotoxic chemicals and is able to be scaled for high throughput applications. These results suggest that stem cell-derived terminal cell types can provide an alternative to traditional immortal cell lines or primary cells as a quantitative cellular model for toxin evaluation and drug discovery.
Gains following perceptual learning are closely linked to the initial visual acuity
Authors: Yehezkel Oren , Sterkin Anna , Lev Maria , Levi Dennis M. , Polat Uri 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to evaluate the dependence of perceptual learning gains on initial visual acuity (VA), in a large sample of subjects with a wide range of VAs. A large sample of normally sighted and presbyopic subjects (N = 119; aged 40 to 63) with a wide range of uncorrected near visual acuities (VA, −0.12 to 0.8 LogMAR), underwent perceptual learning. Training consisted of detecting briefly presented Gabor stimuli under spatial and temporal masking conditions. Consistent with previous findings, perceptual learning induced a significant improvement in near VA and reading speed under conditions of limited exposure duration. Our results show that the improvements in VA and reading speed observed following perceptual learning are closely linked to the initial VA, with only a minor fraction of the observed improvement that may be attributed to the additional sessions performed by those with the worse VA.
Non-commutativity measure of quantum discord
Authors: Guo Yu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractQuantum discord is a manifestation of quantum correlations due to non-commutativity rather than entanglement. Two measures of quantum discord by the amount of non-commutativity via the trace norm and the Hilbert-Schmidt norm respectively are proposed in this paper. These two measures can be calculated easily for any state with arbitrary dimension. It is shown by several examples that these measures can reflect the amount of the original quantum discord.
Using ultra-sensitive next generation sequencing to dissect DNA damage-induced mutagenesis
Authors: Wang Kaile , Ma Xiaolu , Zhang Xue , Wu Dafei , Sun Chenyi , Sun Yazhou , Lu Xuemei , Wu Chung-I , Guo Caixia , Ruan Jue 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNext generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have dramatically improved studies in biology and biomedical science. However, no optimal NGS approach is available to conveniently analyze low frequency mutations caused by DNA damage treatments. Here, by developing an exquisite ultra-sensitive NGS (USNGS) platform “EasyMF” and incorporating it with a widely used supF shuttle vector-based mutagenesis system, we can conveniently dissect roles of lesion bypass polymerases in damage-induced mutagenesis. In this improved mutagenesis analysis pipeline, the initial steps are the same as in the supF mutation assay, involving damaging the pSP189 plasmid followed by its transfection into human 293T cells to allow replication to occur. Then “EasyMF” is employed to replace downstream MBM7070 bacterial transformation and other steps for analyzing damage-induced mutation frequencies and spectra. This pipeline was validated by using UV damaged plasmid after its replication in lesion bypass polymerase-deficient 293T cells. The increased throughput and reduced cost of this system will allow us to conveniently screen regulators of translesion DNA synthesis pathway and monitor environmental genotoxic substances, which can ultimately provide insight into the mechanisms of genome stability and mutagenesis.
Dual function ferroresonance and fault current limiter based on DC reactor
Authors: Radmanesh Hamid , Heidary Amir , Fathi Seyed Hamid , Babamalek Gharehpetian Gevork 
Published: April 2016

This study presents a novel DC reactor‐based ferroresonance and fault current limiter (DRFFCL) for stabilising ferroresonance oscillations of potential transformer (PT) in 33 kV distribution network and decreasing the amplitude of the fault current to an acceptable level. At first, the ferroresonance overvoltage is introduced and various types of overvoltage in the PT are studied. Then, the effects of the suggested DRFFCL on these oscillations are investigated. It is shown that the proposed DRFFCL not only can control the ferroresonance oscillations, but also can decrease the fault current amplitude in the case of short‐circuit faults occurrence. The DRFFCL performance is simulated using MATLAB software and a scaled‐down laboratory prototype is implemented and tested for the simulation results validation. The measured results are in agreement with the simulation results and clearly show the ability of the DRFFCL for controlling both the ferroresonance overvoltage and fault current.
Melatonin in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Foster Jennifer 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMelatonin, while best known for its chronobiologic functions, has multiple effects that may be relevant in critical illness. It has been used for circadian rhythm maintenance, analgesia, and sedation, and has antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antiexcitatory effects. This review examines melatonin physiology in health, the current state of knowledge regarding endogenous melatonin production in pediatric critical illness, and the potential uses of exogenous melatonin in this population, including relevant information from basic sciences and other fields of medicine. Pineal melatonin production and secretion appears to be altered in critical illness, though understanding in pediatric critical illness is in early stages, with only 102 children reported in the current literature. Exogenous melatonin may be used for circadian rhythm disturbances and, within the critically ill population, holds promise for diseases involving oxidant stress. There are no studies of exogenous melatonin administration to critically ill children beyond the neonatal period.
Complex midface reconstruction following tumour ablation
Authors: Aga Hiba , Al-Qamachi Laith , Idle Matthew , Grew Nicholas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Malignancy in the maxilla tends to be occult with late presentation and thus carries a relatively poor survival rate. The complexity of this region as a three-dimensional structure presents significant challenges to the reconstructive surgeon. A case history of a squamous cell carcinoma in an inverted papilloma of the maxillary antrum is presented with detailed commentary from an expert in head and neck oncological ablation and reconstruction. The most recent Brown classification is presented in connection to this case. The multidisciplinary management of this disease is discussed with reference to the place of chemotherapy and radiotherapy with overall emphasis on the free flap reconstruction of a large, complex defect of the midface.
Management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible
Authors: Abdullakutty Anwer , D’Souza Jacob , Rogers Simon 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is often severe and a debilitating condition. A 67-year-old male presented with a non-healing tooth extraction socket in the region of lower left second molar. This patient with a previous history of radiotherapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma and biopsy to rule out recurrent disease confirmed ORN. ORN preferentially affects the mandible due to its poor blood supply. Various classification systems have been proposed and they differ in clinical value. Treatment strategies vary amongst clinicians, ranging from the use of antibiotics to surgical debridement and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. More recently, medical management with pentoxifylline, tocopherol, and clodronate is gaining popularity in selected cases of established ORN. Radical excision of necrotic bone and soft tissue followed by free tissue transfer should be given due consideration in carefully selected patients. We provide an overview of the historical and contemporary management of ORN and discuss appropriate management strategies.
Frontal sinus fractures
Authors: Singh Rabindra , Carter Lachlan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This chapter describes the principles of management of frontal sinus fracture including clinical assessment, investigations, fracture classification, frontal sinus anatomy, treatment, complications, and follow-up. A detailed description of a case treated by the authors is provided with information on surgical technique. Several areas in frontal sinus fracture management are controversial, which are highlighted and pertinent literature discussed.
Biomechanics of the mandible and current evidence for treatment of the fractured mandible
Authors: Hammond Douglas , Messahel Ahmed 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
An exploration of the biomechanics, evidence and principles behind the treatment of mandibular fractures. We present a case involving interpersonal violence causing a bilateral fractured mandible with an associated segmental fracture. Discussion centres on the method used for maxillomandibular fixation and the sequencing of the operative procedure. The work carried out by Champy relating to biomechanics is presented and referenced to the implications on clinical management of all mandibular fractures. The Cochrane review, however, states that there is inadequate evidence to support the effectiveness of a single approach in the management of mandibular fractures when the condyle is not involved. Thus sound knowledge of all the techniques available is required to manage mandibular fractures on a case-by-case basis.
Severe Class II skeletal deformity
Authors: Greaney Lisa , Sneddon Ken , Collyer Jeremy 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Class II skeletal pattern can result in both functional and aesthetic disturbances. Where the deformity is significant it is often associated with diminutive condyles and reduced posterior face height. We present a case of a severe Class II malocclusion also known as the ‘bird-face’ deformity. Various techniques are discussed with reference to the management of these cases. The ultimate goal is to produce a stable Class I occlusion with minimal morbidity from the surgical procedure. Where such significant retrognathic cases are planned on the joint clinic the risk of condylar resorption should also be borne in mind.
The segmental maxillary osteotomy
Authors: Ahmed Nabeela , Srinivasan Dilip 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The indications for segmental surgery as part of an orthognathic treatment plan are fairly limited. However, when it is undertaken careful clinical, radiographic, and articulated model assessment of the deformity should be undertaken. One of the principal aims should be achievement of the correct position of the maxillary central incisors. We present a case of a 16-year-old female who presented with an anterior open bite with posterior maxillary excess. Via the joint orthognathic clinic she underwent a segmental maxillary procedure with a concurrent mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. The operative details are discussed with significant note made to the potential complications of this difficult surgery. Consideration of soft tissue changes following this surgery are discussed; notably reduction in labial prominence and increase in nasolabial angle.
Temporomandibular joint replacement
Authors: Ahmed Nabeela , Sidebottom Andrew 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Progressive condylar resorption can result in a Class II skeletal pattern that worsens over time. Several options exist for management but total replacement of the temporomandibular joint is probably the most reliable. We present a case of a 17-year-old with the ‘bird-face’ deformity secondary to condylar resorption. Once cross-sectional imaging and patch testing were carried out the patient underwent total replacement of both joints. Current indications for joint replacement are discussed in conjunction with access to the joint and the surgical technique. Finally alternatives to joint replacement are discussed for those patients who are unsuitable for joint replacement or do not wish to undergo this procedure.