bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal properties of polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and intumescent fire retardant additives
Authors: Kruger Hermanus Joachim , Focke Walter Wilhelm , Mhike Washington , Taute Albertus , Roberson Albert 
Published: July 2016

SummaryLow‐density polyethylene was flame retarded by combinations of expandable graphite with either ethylenediamine phosphate or 3,5‐diaminobenzoic acid phosphate. Cone calorimeter, laser pyrolysis, and open flame exposure tests (supported by video and infrared camera data capture and analysis) were conducted to assess ignition and burn behavior. Cone calorimeter results indicated substantial reductions in the peak heat release rates for all flame‐retarded samples but with reduced ignition times and increased flame out times. Smoke generation was suppressed in the presence of expandable graphite. Infrared and video data from open flame fire tests indicated cohesive bonding of expanded strings and thermal shielding properties in all binary systems. All binary systems delivered fire retardation exceeding any of the single fire retardant compounds. They were also able to withstand higher temperatures before ignition, burn through, or sag occurred. All ethylenediamine phosphate‐containing binary systems prevented sample burn through, maintaining structural integrity of samples until eventual melting of the polymer media occurred. Thermogravimetric analysis laser pyrolysis results confirmed the good thermal shielding imparted by the intumescent additives. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral Separations using Miniaturized Techniques: State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Fanali Chiara , Fanali Salvatore 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe separation and analysis of chiral compounds is an important topic of research, because these analytes are involved in various processes, e.g., biological, pharmacological, human health, etc. Their separation has also been recently obtained utilizing microfluidic techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE), electrochromatography (CEC), and capillary/nano‐liquid chromatography (CLC/nano‐LC). Enantiomeric separation is mainly obtained by applying the direct resolution method, where a chiral selector (CS) is present in the separation system, either added to the mobile phase (MP) or bonded to the stationary phase or to the capillary wall. Among the several CSs used in microfluidic techniques, cyclodextrins, proteins, peptides, glycopeptide antibiotics, and modified polysaccharides are the most employed. Microfluidic techniques can offer several advantages over conventional analytical tools, e.g., high efficiency, high mass sensitivity, and reduced volumes of MP and sample. Optimized methods have been applied in different fields, such as biomedical, food chemistry, environment, pharmaceutical, etc. Excellent results have been achieved in CE and nano‐LC. Although CEC can offer higher efficiency due to the use of a strong electroosmotic flow, its use is less popular than the other. This limitation can be explained with the limited number of the stationary phases (SPs) commercially available.
Generation of Silicone Poly‐HIPEs with Controlled Pore Sizes via Reactive Emulsion Stabilization
Authors: Giustiniani Anaïs , Guégan Philippe , Marchand Manon , Poulard Christophe , Drenckhan Wiebke 
Published: July 2016

Macrocellular silicone polymers are obtained after solidification of the continuous phase of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) emulsion, which contains poly(ethylene glycol) drops of sub‐millimetric dimensions. Coalescence of the liquid template emulsion is prohibited by a reactive blending approach. The relationship is investigated in detail between the interfacial properties and the emulsion stability, and micro‐ and millifluidic techniques are used to generate macrocellular polymers with controlled structural properties over a wider range of cell sizes (0.2–2 mm) and volume fractions of the continuous phase (0.1%–40%). This approach could easily be transferred to a wide range of polymeric systems.image
Surface Functionalization of Natural Rubber by UV‐Induced Thiol‐ene Chemistry
Authors: Manhart Jakob , Kramer Rebecca , Schaller Raimund , Holzner Armin , Kern Wolfgang , Schlögl Sandra 
Published: July 2016

SummaryNatural rubber (NR) surfaces with tailored physicochemical properties and spatially controlled surface topology were prepared by exploiting radical‐mediated thiol‐ene chemistry. Selected functional thiols were immobilized onto NR surfaces by the photo‐induced addition reaction across the unsaturated CC double bonds of the cis‐1,4‐isoprene units. The modified elastomer surfaces are characterized by means of ATR FTIR spectroscopy to follow changes in the chemical surface composition, and by contact angle measurements to study changes in surface polarities. The results evidence the versatility of this photochemical functionalization route since different surface characteristics and surface reactivities were obtained, depending on the chemical nature of the attached thiol. In addition, the influence of the surface functionalization on bulk properties and surface morphology was determined by tensile tests and microscopic techniques, respectively. Results show that both tensile properties and surface morphology are not affected by the photochemical functionalization process. The immobilized thiols were further used as reactive anchor groups for a subsequent immobilization of inorganic silica particles, resulting in a well‐defined change in surface roughness and topology. Spatial control of surface properties was accomplished by photolithographic techniques that enabled a patterned immobilization of inorganic particles onto NR surfaces. Microscopic techniques revealed the selective coupling of the inorganic particles in the illuminated surface areas that were defined by high resolution and clear edges.
Calorimetric Investigations of Oriented Polypropylene Tapes and Self‐Reinforced Composites
Authors: Kościuszko Artur , Sterzyński Tomasz , Piszczek Kazimierz 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a commonly applied method of determining various physical properties of thermoplastic polymers. Analyzing DSC melting and crystallization curves it is possible to verify whether the macromolecules orientation occurs in fibers, films and self‐reinforced polymer composites (SRC). This paper presents the comparison of the results of calorimetric investigations of polypropylene (PP) single polymer composites (SRC) with the investigations of constrained PP tape samples additionally annealed before the measurement. The program of thermal treatment resembled temperature changes in the mold during SRC production by hot compaction method. The results confirmed a substantial influence of compression molding pressure on the melting process of oriented PP reinforcement used in the production of single polymer composites.
Measurement of Beer‐Lambert Attenuation Coefficient and Curing Kinetics Power Order: A Method Based on Rapid‐Scan FTIR During Laser Curing on an ATR
Authors: Li Wenlong , Batteux Florian , Araujo Steven , Delpouve Nicolas , Saiter Jean‐Marc , Tan Li , Negahban Mehrdad 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWhen photo curing a polymer system, one immediately becomes concerned with the depth of penetration of light into the system and how it affects the uniformity of the curing process. The attenuation of light is related to the Beer‐Lambert law of light penetration into the system, and its influence on the curing depends on the role of light intensity on the curing kinetics. The attenuation coefficient of the Beer‐Lambert law can be measured by direct light power measurements for light passing through different thicknesses of the material. In this article we show how the curing kinetics measured by following changes in the infrared light spectra obtained from rapid‐scan FTIR can be used to obtain both the Beer‐Lambert attenuation coefficient and the power factor, indicating the nonlinear influence of the light power on the curing process. The method is demonstrated for the photo curing of an acrylate cross‐linker, and verified using direct power measurement.
MRI artifact correction using sparse + low‐rank decomposition of annihilating filter‐based hankel matrix
Authors: Jin Kyong Hwan , Um Ji‐Yong , Lee Dongwook , Lee Juyoung , Park Sung‐Hong , Ye Jong Chul 
Published: July 2016

PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts are originated from various sources including instability of an magnetic resonance (MR) system, patient motion, inhomogeneities of gradient fields, and so on. Such MRI artifacts are usually considered as irreversible, so additional artifact‐free scan or navigator scan is necessary. To overcome these limitations, this article proposes a novel compressed sensing‐based approach for removal of various MRI artifacts.TheoryRecently, the annihilating filter based low‐rank Hankel matrix approach was proposed. The annihilating filter based low‐rank Hankel matrix exploits the duality between the low‐rankness of weighted Hankel structured matrix and the sparsity of signal in a transform domain. Because MR artifacts usually appeared as sparse k‐space components, the low‐rank Hankel matrix from underlying artifact‐free k‐space data can be exploited to decompose the sparse outliers.MethodsThe sparse + low‐rank decomposition framework using Hankel matrix was proposed for removal of MRI artifacts. Alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm was employed for the minimization of associated cost function with the initialized matrices from a factorization‐based matrix completion.ResultsExperimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can correct MR artifacts including herringbone (crisscross), motion, and zipper artifacts without image distortion.ConclusionThe proposed method may be a robust correction solution for various MRI artifacts that can be represented as sparse outliers. Magn Reson Med 78:327–340, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
The influence of prolonged vibration on motor unit behavior
Authors: Mosier Eric M. , Herda Trent J. , Trevino Michael A. , Miller Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vibration (VIB) on motor unit (MU) behavior of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during a 40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Methods: Eleven healthy (age 21.3 ± 2.6 years) individuals participated in the study. Surface electromyography (EMG) data were recorded from the VL during isometric trapezoidal muscle contractions at 40% MVC. Firing events of single MUs and EMG amplitude were reported for the first, middle, and final seconds of a 12‐second steady force segment at 40% MVC. VIB was applied at 55 Hz to the patellar tendon for 15 minutes before and continued throughout the remainder of testing (VIB) or remained off (CON). Results: There were significant increases in MU firing rates during VIB in comparison to CON and no differences in EMG amplitude between VIB and CON. Conclusion: The VIB‐mediated reduction in muscle spindle function altered MU behavior at 40% MVC. Muscle Nerve 55: 500–507, 2017
ReversePTP: A clock synchronization scheme for software‐defined networks
Authors: Mizrahi Tal , Moses Yoram 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe introduce REVERSEPTP, a clock synchronization scheme for software‐defined networks (SDNs). REVERSEPTP is based on the Precision Time Protocol (PTP), but is conceptually reversed; in REVERSEPTP, all nodes (switches) in the network distribute timing information to a single software‐based central node (the SDN controller), which tracks the state of all the clocks in the network. Hence, all computations and bookkeeping are performed by the central node, whereas the ‘dumb’ switches are only required to periodically send it their current time. In accordance with the SDN paradigm, the ‘brain’ is implemented in software, making REVERSEPTP flexible and programmable from an SDN programmer's perspective. We present the REVERSEPTP architecture and discuss how it can be used in typical SDN architectures. Our experimental evaluation of a network with 34 REVERSEPTP‐enabled nodes demonstrates the effectiveness and scalability of using REVERSEPTP. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical activity, mental health, and weight gain in a longitudinal observational cohort of nonobese young adults
Authors: Staiano Amanda E. , Marker Arwen M. , Martin Corby K. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship among moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), mental health symptoms, and weight gain in young adults.MethodsFifty‐nine healthy men and women (age 26.8 ± 4.7 years, body mass index [BMI] 22.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2) were assessed at baseline and year 2. Weight, BMI, fat mass by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, anxiety and depression by the SCL‐90, and MVPA by accelerometry were assessed. Sex‐stratified linear regression models were used to examine associations between baseline anxiety/depression and body composition change, then repeated controlling for baseline MVPA.ResultsOverall, weight, BMI, fat mass, and subcutaneous adiposity significantly increased at year 2 (P < 0.05). For women, a higher depression and anxiety score predicted increased weight, BMI, fat mass, and subcutaneous adiposity (P < 0.05). Controlling for MVPA attenuated these associations to nonsignificance. For men, MVPA did not alter the associations between anxiety and increased weight, BMI, fat mass, and subcutaneous adiposity (P < 0.05) or the associations between depression and decreased weight, BMI, fat mass, and subcutaneous adiposity (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAnxiety and depression were related to body composition change for young adults. In women, MVPA attenuated these associations to nonsignificance. MVPA may buffer the adverse effects of depression and anxiety symptoms on young women's weight gain.
Randomized controlled trial of the Valencia model of waking hypnosis plus CBT for pain, fatigue, and sleep management in patients with cancer and cancer survivors
Authors: Mendoza M.E. , Capafons A. , Gralow J.R. , Syrjala K.L. , Suárez‐Rodríguez J.M. , Fann J.R. , Jensen M.P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the efficacy of an intervention combining the Valencia model of waking hypnosis with cognitive‐behavioral therapy (VMWH‐CBT) in managing cancer‐related pain, fatigue, and sleep problems in individuals with active cancer or who were post‐treatment survivors. We hypothesized that four sessions of VMWH‐CBT would result in greater improvement in participants' symptoms than four sessions of an education control intervention. Additionally, we examined the effects on several secondary outcome domains that are associated with increases in these symptoms (depression, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, and cancer treatment distress).MethodsThe study design was a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial comparing the VMWH‐CBT intervention with education control. Participants (N = 44) received four sessions of both treatments, in a counterbalanced order (n = 22 per order condition).ResultsParticipants were 89% female (N = 39) with mean age of 61 years (SD = 12.2). They reported significantly greater improvement after receiving the active treatment relative to the control condition in all the outcome measures. Treatment gains were maintained at 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study supports the beneficial effects of the VMWH‐CBT intervention relative to a control condition and that treatment gains remain stable. VMWH‐CBT–trained clinicians should be accessible for managing symptoms both during and after cancer treatment, though the findings need to be replicated in larger samples of cancer survivors.
Production of bulk NV centre arrays by shallow implantation and diamond CVD overgrowth
Authors: Lesik Margarita , Raatz Nicole , Tallaire Alexandre , Spinicelli Piernicola , John Roger , Achard Jocelyn , Gicquel Alix , Jacques Vincent , Roch Jean‐François , Meijer Jan , Pezzagna Sébastien 
Published: July 2016

The nanometer‐scale engineering of single nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centres in diamond can be obtained by low‐energy (keV) nitrogen implantation with limited straggling. However, shallow NV centres (a few nanometres deep) generally have inferior overall properties than deeply implanted or deep native NV centres, due to the surface proximity. It has already been shown that the spin coherence time of shallow NVs is improved by overgrowth of a thin diamond layer. However the influence of the overgrowth on the survival, the optical properties and the charge state of the centres has not been studied in detail. In this article, we have overgrown three diamond samples (containing NV centres implanted at different depths) using different procedures. We show the successful overgrowth of a pattern of very shallow (2 nm) implanted NV centres using an optimised overgrowth process. Furthermore, the charge state of ensembles and single NV centres was found to be shifted from NV0 to NV− and stabilised in the negative charge state after overgrowth. The combination of low‐energy high‐resolution ion implantation and high‐purity chemical vapour deposition (CVD) overgrowth procedures opens the way towards the fabrication of scalable and efficient quantum devices based on single defects in diamond.Left: implanted pattern of very shallow NV centres (depth ∼2 nm) using a pierced AFM tip. Right: same pattern after CVD overgrowth of a 4 μm‐thick diamond layer.
Quantitation of α‐hydroxy acids in complex prebiotic mixtures via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Parker Eric T. , Cleaves H. James , Bada Jeffrey L. , Fernández Facundo M. 
Published: July 2016

RationaleSpark discharge experiments, like those performed by Stanley Miller in the 1950s, generate complex, analytically challenging mixtures that contain biopolymer building blocks. Recently, α‐amino acids and α‐hydroxy acids (AHAs) were subjected to environmental cycling to form simple depsipeptides (peptides with both amide and ester linkages). The synthesis of AHAs under possible primordial environments must be examined to better understand this chemistry.MethodsWe report a direct, quantitative method for AHAs using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Hexylamine ion‐pairing chromatography and selected reaction monitoring detection were combined for the rapid analysis of ten AHAs in a single run. Additionally, prebiotic simulation experiments, including the first‐ever reproduction of Miller's 1958 cyanamide spark discharge experiment, were performed to evaluate AHA synthesis over a wide range of possible primitive terrestrial environments.ResultsThe quantitating transition for each of the AHAs targeted in this study produced a limit of detection in the nanomolar concentration range. For most species, a linear response over a range spanning two orders of magnitude was found. The AHAs glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and α‐hydroxyglutaric acid were detected in electric discharge experiments in the low micromolar concentration range.ConclusionsThe results of this work suggest that the most abundant building blocks available for prebiotic depsipeptide synthesis would have been glycolic, lactic, malic, and α‐hydroxyglutaric acids, and their corresponding amino acids, glycine, alanine, and aspartic and glutamic acids. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A small molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH2 rescues cardiomyopathy in a D‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria type II mouse model
Authors: Wang Fang , Travins Jeremy , Lin Zhizhong , Si Yaguang , Chen Yue , Powe Josh , Murray Stuart , Zhu Dongwei , Artin Erin , Gross Stefan , Santiago Stephanie , Steadman Mya , Kernytsky Andrew , Straley Kimberly , Lu Chenming , Pop Ana , Struys Eduard A. , Jansen Erwin E. W. , Salomons Gajja S. , David Muriel D. , Quivoron Cyril , Penard‐Lacronique Virginie , Regan Karen S. , Liu Wei , Dang Lenny , Yang Hua , Silverman Lee , Agresta Samuel , Dorsch Marion , Biller Scott , Yen Katharine , Cang Yong , Su Shin‐San Michael , Jin Shengfang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractD‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D2HGA) type II is a rare neurometabolic disorder caused by germline gain‐of‐function mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), resulting in accumulation of D‐2‐hydroxyglutarate (D2HG). Patients exhibit a wide spectrum of symptoms including cardiomyopathy, epilepsy, developmental delay and limited life span. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic interventions. We generated a D2HGA type II mouse model by introducing the Idh2R140Q mutation at the native chromosomal locus. Idh2R140Q mice displayed significantly elevated 2HG levels and recapitulated multiple defects seen in patients. AGI‐026, a potent, selective inhibitor of the human IDH2R140Q‐mutant enzyme, suppressed 2HG production, rescued cardiomyopathy, and provided a survival benefit in Idh2R140Q mice; treatment withdrawal resulted in deterioration of cardiac function. We observed differential expression of multiple genes and metabolites that are associated with cardiomyopathy, which were largely reversed by AGI‐026. These findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic benefit of an IDH2R140Q inhibitor in patients with D2HGA type II.
Cholic acid therapy in Zellweger spectrum disorders
Authors: Berendse Kevin , Klouwer Femke C. C. , Koot Bart G. P. , Kemper Elles M. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Koelfat Kiran V. K. , Lenicek Martin , Schaap Frank G. , Waterham Hans R. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Engelen Marc , Jansen Peter L. M. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Poll‐The Bwee Tien 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionZellweger spectrum disorders (ZSDs) are characterized by a failure in peroxisome formation, caused by autosomal recessive mutations in different PEX genes. At least some of the progressive and irreversible clinical abnormalities in patients with a ZSD, particularly liver dysfunction, are likely caused by the accumulation of toxic bile acid intermediates. We investigated whether cholic acid supplementation can suppress bile acid synthesis, reduce accumulation of toxic bile acid intermediates and improve liver function in these patients.MethodsAn open label, pretest‐posttest design study was conducted including 19 patients with a ZSD. Participants were followed longitudinally during a period of 2.5 years prior to the start of the intervention. Subsequently, all patients received oral cholic acid and were followed during 9 months of treatment. Bile acids, peroxisomal metabolites, liver function and liver stiffness were measured at baseline and 4, 12 and 36 weeks after start of cholic acid treatment.ResultsDuring cholic acid treatment, bile acid synthesis decreased in the majority of patients. Reduced levels of bile acid intermediates were found in plasma and excretion of bile acid intermediates in urine was diminished. In patients with advanced liver disease (n = 4), cholic acid treatment resulted in increased levels of plasma transaminases, bilirubin and cholic acid with only a minor reduction in bile acid intermediates.ConclusionsOral cholic acid therapy can be used in the majority of patients with a ZSD, leading to at least partial suppression of bile acid synthesis. However, caution is needed in patients with advanced liver disease due to possible hepatotoxic effects.