bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eye Movements During Visual Speech Perception in Deaf and Hearing Children
Authors: Worster Elizabeth , Pimperton Hannah , Ralph‐Lewis Amelia , Monroy Laura , Hulme Charles , MacSweeney Mairéad 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFor children who are born deaf, lipreading (speechreading) is an important source of access to spoken language. We used eye tracking to investigate the strategies used by deaf (n = 33) and hearing 5–8‐year‐olds (n = 59) during a sentence speechreading task. The proportion of time spent looking at the mouth during speech correlated positively with speechreading accuracy. In addition, all children showed a tendency to watch the mouth during speech and watch the eyes when the model was not speaking. The extent to which the children used this communicative pattern, which we refer to as social‐tuning, positively predicted their speechreading performance, with the deaf children showing a stronger relationship than the hearing children. These data suggest that better speechreading skills are seen in those children, both deaf and hearing, who are able to guide their visual attention to the appropriate part of the image and in those who have a good understanding of conversational turn‐taking.
Children concurrently wasted and stunted: A meta‐analysis of prevalence data of children 6–59 months from 84 countries
Authors: Khara Tanya , Mwangome Martha , Ngari Moses , Dolan Carmel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChildren can be stunted and wasted at the same time. Having both deficits greatly elevates risk of mortality. The analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence and burden of children aged 6–59 months concurrently wasted and stunted. Data from demographic and health survey and Multi‐indicator Cluster Surveys datasets from 84 countries were analysed. Overall prevalence for being wasted, stunted, and concurrently wasted and stunted among children 6 to 59 months was calculated. A pooled prevalence of concurrence was estimated and reported by gender, age, United Nations regions, and contextual categories. Burden was calculated using population figures from the global joint estimates database. The pooled prevalence of concurrence in the 84 countries was 3.0%, 95% CI [2.97, 3.06], ranging from 0% to 8.0%. Nine countries reported a concurrence prevalence greater than 5%. The estimated burden was 5,963,940 children. Prevalence of concurrence was highest in the 12‐ to 24‐month age group 4.2%, 95% CI [4.1, 4.3], and was significantly higher among boys 3.54%, 95% CI [3.47, 3.61], compared to girls; 2.46%, 95% CI [2.41, 2.52]. Fragile and conflict‐affected states reported significantly higher concurrence 3.6%, 95% CI [3.5, 3.6], than those defined as stable 2.24%, 95% CI [2.18, 2.30]. This analysis represents the first multiple country estimation of the prevalence and burden of children concurrently wasted and stunted. Given the high risk of mortality associated with concurrence, the findings indicate a need to report on this condition as well as investigate whether these children are being reached through existing programmes.
Habitat use, but not gene flow, is influenced by human activities in two ecotypes of Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus)
Authors: Centeno‐Cuadros A. , Hulva P. , Romportl D. , Santoro S. , Stříbná T. , Shohami D. , Evin A. , Tsoar A. , Benda P. , Horáček I. , Nathan R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the ecological, behavioural and evolutionary response of organisms to changing environments is of primary importance in a human‐altered world. It is crucial to elucidate how human activities alter gene flow and what are the consequences for the genetic structure of a species. We studied two lineages of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) throughout the contact zone between mesic and arid Ecozones in the Middle East to evaluate the species' response to the growing proportion of human‐altered habitats in the desert. We integrated population genetics, morphometrics and movement ecology to analyse population structure, morphological variation and habitat use fromGPS‐ or radio‐tagged individuals from both desert and Mediterranean areas. We classified the spatial distribution and environmental stratification by describing physical–geographical conditions and land cover. We analysed this information to estimate patch occupancy and used an isolation‐by‐resistance approach to model gene flow patterns. Our results suggest that lineages from desert and Mediterranean habitats, despite their admixture, are isolated by environment and by adaptation supporting their classification as ecotypes. We found a positive effect of human‐altered habitats on patch occupancy and habitat use of fruit bats by increasing the availability of roosting and foraging areas. While this commensalism promotes the distribution of fruit bats throughout the Middle East, gene flow between colonies has not been altered by human activities. This discrepancy between habitat use and gene flow patterns may, therefore, be explained by the breeding system of the species and modifications of natal dispersal patterns.
Reliable differentiation of Pneumocystis pneumonia from Pneumocystis colonisation by quantification of Major Surface Glycoprotein gene using real‐time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Sharma Megha , Sharma Madhubala , Rawat Pankaj , Ghosh Anup , Venkatesan Lakshmishree , Aggarwal Ritesh , Singh Meenu , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA clear differentiation between pneumonia due toPneumocystis jiroveciiand “colonisation” is required for optimal case management. A quantification of fungal burden using major surface glycoprotein (MSG) gene‐based real‐timePCRwas undertaken for the same. Lower respiratory tract samples collected from 104 patients of clinically suspected Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) were subjected to quantitativePCRusingMSGgene. Based on whether or not the cases were treated forPCP, the efficacy ofqPCRto differentiate between “diseased” and “colonised” was evaluated. Standard curve of plasmid‐cloned gene and receiver operating characteristic curve defined a cut‐off of Ct ≤ 25 to diagnosePCPand Ct within 26‐39.3 range to depict colonisation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of theqPCRwas 100%, each for diagnosingPCP.MSG‐gene‐basedqPCRis a robust tool for the reliable differentiation of Pneumocystis pneumonia from colonisation.
The effect of consumer pressure and abiotic stress on positive plant interactions are mediated by extreme climatic events
Authors: Filazzola Alessandro , Liczner Amanda Rae , Westphal Michael , Lortie Christopher J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEnvironmental extremes resulting from a changing climate can have profound implications for plant interactions in desert communities. Positive interactions can buffer plant communities from abiotic stress and consumer pressure caused by climatic extremes, but limited research has explored this empirically.We tested the hypothesis that the mechanism of shrub facilitation on an annual plant community can change with precipitation extremes in deserts. During years of extreme drought and above‐average rainfall in a desert, we measured plant interactions and biomass while manipulating a soil moisture gradient and reducing consumer pressure.Shrubs facilitated the annual plant community at all levels of soil moisture through reductions in microclimatic stress in both years and herbivore protection in the wet year only. Shrub facilitation and the high rainfall year contributed to the dominance of a competitive annual species in the plant community.Precipitation patterns in deserts determine the magnitude and type of facilitation mechanisms. Moreover, shrub facilitation mediates the interspecific competition within the associated annual community between years with different rainfall amounts. Examining multiple drivers during extreme climate events is a challenging area of research, but it is a necessary consideration given forecasts predicting that these events will increase in frequency and magnitude.
Overexpression of SbMyb60 in Sorghum bicolor impacts both primary and secondary metabolism
Authors: Scully Erin D. , Gries Tammy , Palmer Nathan A. , Sarath Gautam , Funnell‐Harris Deanna L. , Baird Lisa , Twigg Paul , Seravalli Javier , Clemente Thomas E. , Sattler Scott E. 
Published: September 2017

Summary

Few transcription factors have been identified in C4 grasses that either positively or negatively regulate monolignol biosynthesis.

Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. To determine how SbMyb60 overexpression impacts other metabolic pathways, RNA‐Seq and metabolite profiling were performed on stalks and leaves.

35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. The high coexpression values between SbMyb60 and genes assigned to these pathways indicate that SbMyb60 may directly induce their expression. In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. Genes linked to UDP‐sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis.

These findings indicate that SbMyb60 can activate pathways beyond monolignol biosynthesis, including those that synthesize the substrates and cofactors required for lignin biosynthesis.
Quality‐of‐life outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma: A review of the literature
Authors: Malkhasyan Karen A. , Zakharia Yousef , Milhem Mohammed 
Published: September 2017

SummaryFor patients with metastatic melanoma, the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted BRAF and MEK inhibitors has markedly enhanced clinical outcomes compared with chemotherapy. However, these novel agents are also associated with unique sets of adverse events, and increased overall survival can lead to prolonged exposure to some novel agents. Therefore, clinical evaluation of these therapies has now included the analysis of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in addition to more traditional efficacy and safety outcomes as a measure of patient perception of benefit. The current review focuses on HRQoL outcomes in clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies in patients with advanced and metastatic melanoma to inform healthcare providers about patient perception of HRQoL as a new perspective in treatment decision making.
Inpatient management of children with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: A review
Authors: Li Alvin W. , Prindaville Brea , Bateman Scot T. , Gibson Timothy E. , Wiss Karen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a disorder marked by skin and mucosal blistering after minimal trauma. Even the most routine procedures in the hospital, if done incorrectly, can precipitate extensive skin loss, pain, and scarring. Most providers have little experience working with patients with this degree of skin fragility. When a person with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is admitted to the hospital, there are multiple considerations to keep in mind while strategizing an effective care plan: avoidance of new blisters with a “hands‐off” approach; careful consideration of all indwelling devices; symptomatic management of pain, itch, and anxiety; coordination of dressing changes; aggressive treatment of skin infections; environmental and staffing considerations; and awareness of other chronic complications that affect care, such as anemia, malnutrition, and chronic pain. To minimize discomfort for patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa during the hospital stay, inpatient care teams should understand these considerations and modify the care plan accordingly. Prior preparation by the hospital facility and inpatient care team will facilitate the delivery of safe and effective care and greatly improve the overall patient experience.
How Leadership and Public Service Motivation Enhance Innovative Behavior
Authors: Miao Qing , Newman Alexander , Schwarz Gary , Cooper Brian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrior research has linked the innovative behavior of public sector employees to desirable outcomes such as improved efficiency and higher public service quality. However, questions regarding the drivers of innovative behavior among employees have received limited attention. This article employs psychological empowerment theory to examine the underlying processes by which entrepreneurial leadership and public service motivation (PSM) shape innovative behavior among civil servants. Based on three‐wave data from 281 Chinese civil servants and their 59 department heads, entrepreneurial leadership is found to positively influence subordinates' innovative behavior by enhancing two dimensions of psychological empowerment: meaning and impact. Additionally, PSM was found to influence subordinates' innovative behavior by enhancing the dimensions of meaning and competence. These findings suggest that to facilitate innovative behavior among employees, public organizations should consider introducing training that encourages leaders to serve as entrepreneurial role models and recruit employees with high levels of PSM.
Predictors of quality of life for chronic stroke survivors in relation to cultural differences: a literature review
Authors: Wang Rongrong , Langhammer Birgitta 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundStroke survivors might perceive their quality of life (QoL) as being affected even years after onset. The purpose of this review was to go through the literature to identify factors related to QoL for persons with stroke in China and Western countries for possible similarities and differences in their respective cultural views.MethodA narrative literature review was conducted on the papers identified by searching PubMed, EBSCO/CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data that published up to November 2016. Factors predicting QoL after stroke were extracted, and comparisons were made between Chinese and Western studies respecting cultural aspects.ResultsA total of 43 articles were included in this review, with 31 conducted in Western countries and 12 in China. Predictors of QoL included Demographic factors: age, gender, marital status, education level, socioeconomic status; Clinically related factors: severity of stroke, physical function, depression/anxiety, cognitive impairment, incontinence and other comorbidities; Environmental factors: residential status, social support, social participation; and Individual factors: coping strategies and self‐perception. Being married and resident at home might be associated with the perception of QoL differently between Chinese and Western survivors.ConclusionsMost predictors of QoL in stroke survivors were the same in China and the Western countries. However, their QoL might be predicted differently regarding to the individualistic and collectivistic cultural differences.
Morphological criteria of feminine upper eyelashes, quantified by a new semi‐automatized image analysis: Application to the objective assessment of mascaras.
Authors: Shaiek A. , Flament F. , François G. , Vicic M. , Cointereau‐ Chardron S. , Curval E. , Canevet‐Zaida S. , Coubard O. , Idelcaid Y. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe wide diversity of feminine eyelashes in shape, length, and curvature makes it a complex domain that remains to be quantified in vivo, together with their changes brought by application of mascaras that are visually assessed by women themselves or make‐up experts.MethodsA dedicated software was developed to semi‐automatically extract and quantify, from digital images (frontal and lateral pictures), the major parameters of feminine eyelashes of Mexican and Caucasian women and to record the changes brought by the applications of various mascaras and their brushes, being self or professionally applied.ResultsThe diversity of feminine eyelashes appears as a major influencing factor in the application of mascaras and their related results. Eight marketed mascaras and their respective brushes were tested and their quantitative profiles, in terms of coverage, morphology, or curvature were assessed. Standard applications by trained aestheticians led to higher and more homogeneous deposits of mascara, as compared to those resulting from self‐applications.ConclusionThe developed software appears a precious tool for both quantifying the major characteristics of eyelashes and assessing the making‐up results brought by mascaras and their associated brushes.
Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase 2 contains a functional nuclear localization sequence and interacts with alpha‐importins
Authors: Gerth Katharina , Lin Feng , Daamen Franziska , Menzel Wilhelm , Heinrich Franziska , Heilmann Mareike 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe Arabidopsis phosphoinositide kinase PIP5K2 has been implicated in the control of membrane trafficking and is important for development and growth. In addition to cytosolic functions of phosphoinositides, a nuclear phosphoinositide system has been proposed, but evidence for nuclear phosphoinositides in plants is limited. Fluorescence‐tagged variants of PIP5K2 reside in the nucleus of Arabidopsis root meristem cells, in addition to reported plasma membrane localization. Here we report on the interaction of PIP5K2 with alpha‐importins and characterize its nuclear localization sequences (NLSs). The PIP5K2 sequence contains four putative NLSs (NLSa–NLSd) and only a PIP5K2 fragment containing NLSs is imported into nuclei of onion epidermis cells upon transient expression. PIP5K2 interacts physically with alpha‐importin isoforms in cytosolic split‐ubiquitin‐based yeast two‐hybrid tests, in dot‐blot experiments and in immuno‐pull‐downs. A 27‐amino‐acid fragment of PIP5K2 containing NLSc is necessary and sufficient to mediate the nuclear import of a large cargo fusion consisting of two mCherry markers fused to RubisCO large subunit. Substitution of basic residues in NLSc results in reduced import of PIP5K2 or other cargoes into plant nuclei. The data suggest that PIP5K2 is subject to active, alpha‐importin‐mediated nuclear import, consistent with a nuclear role for PIP5K2 in addition to its reported cytosolic functions. The detection of both substrate and product of PIP5K2 in plant nuclei according to reporter fluorescence and immunofluorescence further supports the notion of a nuclear phosphoinositide system in plants. Variants of PIP5K2 with reduced nuclear residence might serve as tools for the future functional study of plant nuclear phosphoinositides.
Transfusion‐related acute lung injury risk mitigation: an update
Authors: Otrock Z. K. , Liu C. , Grossman B. J. 
Published: September 2017

Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a life‐threatening complication of transfusion. Greater understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome has much improved during the last two decades. Plasma‐containing components from female donors with leucocyte antibodies were responsible for the majority of TRALI fatalities before mitigation strategies were implemented. Over the past 15 years, measures to mitigate risk for TRALI have been implemented worldwide and they continued to evolve with time. The AABB requires that all plasma containing components and whole blood for transfusion must be collected from men, women who have not been pregnant, or women who have tested negative for human leucocyte antigen antibodies. Although the incidence of TRALI has decreased following the institution of TRALI mitigation strategies, TRALI is still the most common cause of transfusion‐associated death in the United States. In this review, we focus on TRALI risk mitigation strategies. We describe the measures taken by blood collection facilities to reduce the risk of TRALI in the United States, Canada and European countries. We also review the literature for the effectiveness of these measures.
Conceptual framework for decentralized green water‐infrastructure systems
Authors: Lee Juneseok , Bae Ki‐Hwan , Younos Tamim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present a model for a decentralized green water‐infrastructure system (DGWIS) based on a new conceptual framework that optimises the use of captured rainwater, recycled wastewater and renewable energy resources. DGWIS is designed for building‐scale localised water supply systems that utilise rainwater and greywater and incorporate advanced small‐scale water treatment systems and renewable local energy sources such as solar and wind. Several constraints are considered: (i) available renewable energy; (ii) greywater production rate; (iii) potential captured rainwater; (iv) water demand; (v) water storage volumes required to accommodate greywater, harvested rainwater and separate water/energy supplies from the city and (vi) water treatment capacities. The proposed DGWIS optimisation framework demonstrates proof‐of‐concept and provides a solid foundation for an innovative paradigm shift towards water and energy sustainability.
Biomechanical comparison of xenogeneic bone material treated with different methods
Authors: Feng Wei , Li Dongsong , Zang Junting , Fu Li 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBone xenografting is considered one of the most effective ways to address the shortage of bone autografts and allografts. Various methods have been employed to minimize the immune rejection issues associated with bone xenografts. However, the side effects of such methods on bone biomechanical properties remain unclear. As such, the objective of this study was to compare the influence of different treatments on the biomechanical properties of porcine bones. Fresh pig ribs were cut into 1.5 × 0.5 × 0.4 cm specimens, which were randomly divided into four groups and subjected to different modification regimes: group A by degreasing and partial deproteinization, group B by cryopreservation, group C by cryopreservation and enzyme digestion, and group D was a control group using fresh bone. Biomechanical tests and α‐Gal antigen detection were performed for all groups. In the axial compression test, the values for maximum load were as follows: group D > group C > group B > group A. The maximum load in group A was significantly less than in the other groups (P < .05). There were no differences between groups D, C, and B in terms of the maximum stress and elastic modulus (P > .05). The maximum stress and elastic modulus values recorded for group A were significantly less than for the other groups (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the maximum load or elastic modulus among groups B, C, and D, in the three‐point bending test (P > .05). However, the maximum load and elastic modulus values recorded for group A were significantly lower than the other groups (P < .05). In groups A and C, no α‐Gal antigen‐positive expression was detected. In group B, there was low level α‐Gal antigen‐positive expression, while a high level of α‐Gal antigen‐positive expression was observed in fresh bone samples. The results indicated that xenogeneic bone subjected to degreasing and partial deproteinization had the worst biomechanical properties. Cryopreservation and cryopreservation with enzyme digestion had little effect on the bone biomechanical properties, although enzyme digestion resulted in the complete elimination of the α‐Gal antigen. Cryopreservation with enzyme digestion treatment presented the best results in terms of removing the immune‐response triggering α‐Gal antigen, while preserving the good biomechanical properties of bone xenografts.