bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral properties of weathered and fresh rock surfaces in the Xiemisitai metallogenic belt, NW Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhou Ke-Fa , Wang Shan-Shan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSurfaces weathering of rocks in which mineral materials may be similar to or quite different from the minerals in the underlying parent rock completely control the reflectance spectra of the terrain. Our study of typical weathered and fresh rock samples from the Xiemisitai metallogenic belt, Western Junggar region, Xinjiang, found that weathering results in the formation of new materials that cause differences in the spectral features of fresh and weathered rock surfaces. Alterations induce variations in spectrum brightness, presence and intensity of characteristic absorption features, and spectral slope. Spectral differences between weathered and fresh rock surfaces are small for rhyolite, granite, and tuffaceous sandstone, but large for andesite, basalt, and diorite. Spectral changes in the 350–1000 nm wavelength region are attributed to alteration of iron oxides by atmospheric processes or secondary alteration of iron-rich minerals. Spectral features between 1000–2500 nm are caused by O–H vibrations, with features at 2200–2500 nm solely attributed to hydroxyl groups. The strongest Al–OH bands appear near 2200 nm, while Mg–OH bands are found near 2300 nm and 2350 nm. Results from this study can be used to better characterize and discriminate lithological units and potential mineral zones using hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing techniques.
Rhetoric, logic, and experiment in the quantum nonlocality debate
Authors: Graft Donald A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper argues that quantum nonlocality (QNL) has not been rigorously proven, despite the existence of recent Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm (EPRB) experiments that are claimed to be ‘loophole-free’. First, readers are alerted to rhetorical arguments, which are unfortunately often appealed to in the QNL debate, to empower readers to identify and reject such arguments. Second, logical problems in QNL proofs are described and exemplified by a discussion of the projection postulate problem. Third, experimental issues are described and exemplified by a discussion of the postselection problem. The paper concludes that QNL has not been proven and that locality cannot be excluded.
Ecology
Authors: Ternjej Ivancica , Mihaljevic Zlatko 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Ecology is a science that studies the mutual interactions between organisms and their environment. The fundamental subject of interest in ecology is the individual. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution and number of particular organisms, as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Today, ecology is a multidisciplinary science. This is particularly true when the subject of interest is the ecosystem or biosphere, which requires the knowledge and input of biologists, chemists, physicists, geologists, geographists, climatologists, hydrologists and many other experts. Ecology is applied in a science of restoration, repairing disturbed sites through human intervention, in natural resource management, and in environmental impact assessments.
A Comparative Assessment of Serum Vitamin C and Serum Lead Among Periodontitis and Diabetic Patient
Authors: Shetty Akshatha , Bhandary Rahul , Thomas Biju , Kumari Suchetha , Ramesh Amitha 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background and Aims: Pre and post-operative nutritional status are not often tested on a consistent basis when patients are analyzed and diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) or have chronic periodontitis. Thus, this study pursues to evaluate the predictive value of serum vitamin C and lead levels in this population at baseline and after periodontal treatment.

Materials and Methods: In an interventional study setting we enrolled 120 subjects which were later categorized into four sub-groups: set 1 – individuals with chronic periodontitis, set 2 – individuals with T2DM, set 3 – individuals with T2DM and chronic periodontitis respectively set 4 - healthy individuals as control group. Scaling and root planing was performed only to individuals with periodontitis and T2DM. At baseline and 21 days after periodontitis treatment blood was obtained from the subjects and analysis of serum vitamin C and serum lead was done and data obtained was statisticaly analysed.

Results: ANOVA test showed baseline values of both the parameters to be statistically significant different between groups and within groups (p<0.001). Alteration was seen in the parameters postoperatively regarding serum vitamin C was increased and lead level decreased; paired t-test showed statistically significant difference (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Serum Vitamin C can be considered a key biomarker. Increased lead level can be a risk factor for commencement and progression of T2DM and chronic periodontitis.
Risk Assessment of Diabetes Mellitus by Chaotic Globals to Heart Rate Variability via Six Power Spectra
Authors: Garner David M. , de Souza Naiara Maria , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background: The priniciple objective here is to analyze cardiovascular dynamics in diabetic subjects by actions related to heart rate variability (HRV). The correlation of chaotic globals is vital to evaluate the probability of dynamical diseases.

Methods: Forty-six adults were split equally. The autonomic evaluation consisted of recording HRV for 30 minutes in supine position without any additional stimuli. “Chaotic globals” are then able to statistically determine which series of interbeat intervals are diabetic and which are not. Two of these chaotic globals, spectral Entropy and spectral Detrended fluctuation analysis were derived from six alternative power spectra: Welch, Multi-Taper Method, Covariance, Burg, Yule-Walker and the Periodogram. We then compared results to observe which power spectra provided the greatest significance by three statistical tests: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA1); Kruskal-Wallis technique and the multivariate technique, principal component analysis (PCA).

Results: The Chaotic Forward Parameter One (CFP1) applying all three parameters is proven the most robust algorithm with Welch and MTM spectra enforced. This was proven following two tests for normality where ANOVA1 (p=0.09) and Kruskal-Wallis (p=0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that two principal components represented 99.8% of total variance, a steep scree plot, with CFP1 the most influential parameter.

Conclusion: Diabetes reduced the chaotic response.
Antioxidant Effect of Purple Eggplant Flour (Solanum melongena L.) Against Oxidative Stress in Hyperglycaemic Rats
Authors: Fajriana Hasmar , Farmawati Arta , Lestari Lily Arsanti 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background and Aims: Oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus (DM) occurs due to an increase in free radicals and decreased antioxidant defenses including superoxide dismutase (SOD). It causes the occurrence of lipid peroxidation as indicated by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Healthy foods that are rich in antioxidants are needed to reduce oxidative stress, such as eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Until now there is no scientific evidence about the effects of purple eggplant against oxidative stress in hyperglycemia. The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant effect of eggplant flour (TTU) against oxidative stress in hyperglycemic rats by induced Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin (NA-STZ).

Materials and Method: This experimental study was designed using posttest only. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 10-12 weeks, body weight (bw) 207.25±26.76 grams were divided randomly into 5 groups, namely 2 control groups (normal and hyperglycemic) and 3 groups of treatment. Hyperglycemic rats were induced by NA-STZ (230-65 mg/kg bw). Administration of TTU through feed for 28 days varied with dose of 2.36 grams, 4.71 grams, and 7.07 grams in groups P1, 2, and 3, respectively. Examinations of blood glucose levels were conducted before intervention, whereas the antioxidant activity of SOD and MDA plasma levels were examined after intervention.

Results: The antioxidant activity of SOD in groups which were given TTU was higher than the hyperglycemic rats (31.19±1.98%), but lower than the normal group (220.83±23.68%) Levels of plasma MDA in groups which were given TTU were lower than the hyperglycemic rats (220.47±5.24 nmol/L), but higher than the normal group (1.55±0.20 nmol/L). The antioxidant activity of SOD in the P3 group (69.29±3.82%) was higher than the P1 group (41.84±3.82%) and the P2 group (55.10±3.23%), while the levels of plasma MDA in the P3 group (1.89±0.17 nmol/L) was lower than the P1 group (3.79±0.24 nmol/L) and the P2 group (3.17±0.53 nmol/L).

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that administration of TTU significantly prevents oxidative stress in hyperglycemic rats.
Susceptibility of Postharvest Pathogens to Esential Oils
Authors: Božik M. , Nový P. , Klouček P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Antimicrobial volatile substances from plants represent alternatives to synthetic pesticides and food preservatives. In this study, the compositions of some essential oils were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, and the inhibitory properties of the essential oils and their components against the bacterial postharvest pathogens Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (CCM 1008), Pseudomonas syringae (CCM 7018), Xanthomonas campestris (CCM 22) were determined by the microdilution method. Essential oils from oregano, cinnamon, lemongrass, lavender, clove, rosemary, tea tree, eucalyptus, garlic, and ginger and their components cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, thymol, and carvacrol were used in the tests. The essential oil components exhibited strong antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The oregano and cinnamon essential oils were most effective. The rosemary, lavender, tea tree, eucalyptus, garlic, and ginger oils were not effective at the tested concentrations. In conclusion, certain essential oils, particularly their components, are highly effective and could be used for the control of postharvest bacterial pathogens.
On Vascular Bundle Modifications in Nodes and Internodes of Selected Grass Species
Authors: Kraehmer H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGrass nodes play an essential role as interfaces between leaf and stem. The description of the bundle course in nodes considerably contributes to understanding of the transport of assimilates, minerals, and xenobiotics in grasses. Nodes and internodes of 38 species of the subfamilies Arundinoideae, Bambusoideae, Panicoideae, and Pooideae were analyzed histologically. Free-hand sections, various staining techniques, macro- and microphotography were used to reveal a few principles underlying their anatomy. In all grass species, specific nodal zones were found in which many vascular bundles undergo characteristic transformations. This transformation starts with the augmentation of xylem in lower nodal areas and continues with the formation of specific amphivasal structures providing connections with the leaf attached to the node. The anatomy of these strands, herein called vasotubuli, has not much in common with vascular bundles in internodes any more. Transverse nodal plexus strands provide many connections between bundles and vasotubuli. The nodal plexus is also an interface of sclerenchyma bundles. The nodes of most grass species are constructed very similarly with a few exceptions: the nodes ofPhragmites australis(Cav.) Steud. for example have something in common with bamboo: they develop spindle-like glomeruli.
Gastrointestinal Parasites in Giraffes Kept in Zoological Gardens of the Czech Republic
Authors: Kyriánová I.A. , Drnek J. , Langrová I. , Peřinková P. , Nechybová S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Parasite prevalence was investigated in giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) housed in six major Czech zoological gardens: Zoo Ostrava, Zoo Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Zoo Liberec, Zoo Olomouc, Zoo Praha, and Zoo Plzeň. In autumn 2012 and in spring 2013, 120 faecal samples from 21 animals were examined using the McMaster egg counting technique. Propagative stages of three parasite groups were discovered, namely eggs of the nematodes of the order Strongylida (prevalence 25.8%), whipworms Trichuris spp. (prevalence 25%), and oocysts of the unicellular coccidia of the genus Eimeria (prevalence 1.7%). The results indicate that captive giraffes in the Czech zoos are not substantially affected by parasitic infection.
Methods of Studying Diversity of Bacterial Comunities: A Review
Authors: Salmonová H. , Bunešová V. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Bacterial life is a predominant component of all environments, occurring in communities usually of complex diversity. Bacteria are engines of globally important processes which makes them subject of interest to many scientific studies. Although many kinds of methods have been developed and microbial ecology has undergone a profound change in the last two decades with regard to methods employed, the analysis of community composition and function still remains a great challenge. In this article we present an overview of methods commonly used for the study of bacterial diversity. Emphasis was placed on cultivation, biochemical and chemotaxonomic, and molecular-genetic based methods.
Research for Coupled van der Pol Systems with Parametric Excitation and Its Application
Authors: Qian Y. H. , Fu H. X. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this article, we study the primary resonances of van der Pol systems with parametric excitation using the multiple scales method (MSM) and the homotopy analysis method (HAM). First, we study the nonlinear dynamic response of a coupled system with parametric excitation when the ratio of internal resonances are different, and obtain the four-dimensional average equation of the rectangular coordinate form using the MSM, thereby periodic motions are found in the system. Second, using the HAM, we obtain the four periodic solutions, in which there are two sets of in-phase periodic solutions and two sets of out-of-phase periodic solutions. Finally, we obtain the frequency response curves using the MSM and the HAM, in which it is found that the differences could be ignored.
Localised Nonlinear Waves in the Three-Component Coupled Hirota Equations
Authors: Xu Tao , Chen Yong 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We construct the Lax pair and Darboux transformation for the three-component coupled Hirota equations including higher-order effects such as third-order dispersion, self-steepening, and stimulated Raman scattering. A special vector solution of the Lax pair with 4×4 matrices for the three-component Hirota system is elaborately generated, based on this vector solution, various types of mixed higher-order localised waves are derived through the generalised Darboux transformation. Instead of considering various arrangements of the three potential functions q
1, q
2, and q
3, here, the same combination is considered as the same type solution. The first- and second-order localised waves are mainly discussed in six mixed types: (1) the hybrid solutions degenerate to the rational ones and three components are all rogue waves; (2) two components are hybrid solutions between rogue wave (RW) and breather (RW+breather), and one component is interactional solution between RW and dark soliton (RW+dark soliton); (3) two components are RW+dark soliton, and one component is RW+bright soliton; (4) two components are RW+breather, and one component is RW+bright soliton; (5) two components are RW+dark soliton, and one component is RW+bright soliton; (6) three components are all RW+breather. Moreover, these nonlinear localised waves merge with each other by increasing the absolute values of two free parameters α, β. These results further uncover some striking dynamic structures in the multicomponent coupled system.
Development of Strength Models for Prediction of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cement/Byproduct Material Improved Soils
Authors: Abbey S. J. , Ngambi S. , Ganjian E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the possible inclusion of pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) in cement deep soil mixing for enhancement of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of weak soil materials for construction purposes. The main focus of this paper was to investigate the UCS of cement-, cement/PFA- and cement/PFA/GGBS-improved soils, and development of mathematical and graphical models for prediction of UCS for use in design and construction. Samples of cement, blends of cement and PFA, and cement/PFA/GGBS were prepared using 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % by weight of dry soil and tested for UCS after 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. A multiple regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS computer program. The results showed that soil materials with lower plasticity show higher strength development compared to those of higher plasticity for cement improvement. The study has also revealed that the inclusion of PFA and GGBS can cause a reduction in the amount of cement in deep soil mixing, which can result to reduced cost and emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) during construction. The developed mathematical and graphical models could give reliable predictions of UCS for weak soil materials with initial UCS less than or equal to 25 kPa and for water to binder ratio of unity based on the observed agreement between experimental and predicted data. The developed multiple regression models have also been validated using different mixtures of 6 %, 8 %, 12 %, and 16 % of binders.
Transiently Loaded Bucket Foundations in Saturated Dense Sand - Demonstration of the Boot Effect
Authors: Nielsen Søren Dam , Ibsen Lars Bo , Nielsen Benjaminn Nordahl 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The mono bucket foundation is a cost-effective foundation for offshore wind turbines. During a storm, these foundations are exposed to large wave loads of short duration. This paper investigates the effect of increased loading rate on the bearing capacity of two mono bucket foundations installed in dense sand inside a pressure tank. The foundations had aspect ratios (skirt lengths [L] relative to the diameters [D]), L/D, of 0.5 and 1.0, respectively. Foundations were brought to failure with varying loading rates, resulting in drained, partly drained, or undrained behavior. Increases in bearing capacity were observed as the loading rate increased. This behavior was caused by a combination of dilative soil behavior and suction created by upward movement, known as the boot effect. For mono bucket foundations, the boot effect resulted in an increased bearing capacity that was 18 to 25 times higher than the drained capacity. Furthermore, the boot effect also led to an increase in stiffness. The stiffness of the partly drained response is measured up to four times higher compared with drained behavior.
Failure Analysis of an Arresting Hook Point Shank
Authors: MacKenzie D. Scott 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
During full-scale fatigue testing, an F/A-18 E/F arresting hook point shank failed after 1,361 simulated arrestments. This part is designed to last 4,500 arrestments without cracking. Therefore, an investigation was undertaken to determine the cause of premature catastrophic failure.
Genetic Screening for EMS-Induced Maize Embryo-Specific Mutants Altered in Embryo Morphogenesis
Authors: Brunelle Dale C , Clark Janice K , Sheridan William F 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe have previously identified embryo-specific (emb) mutations that resulted in maize kernels containing abnormal embryos with normal-appearing endosperm among the progeny of active Robertson’s Mutator stocks. Our rationale for the mutant screen described here is that it should be possible to produce ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-induced emb mutations at a frequency higher than that obtained by transposon mutagenesis and with greater ease. This proved to be the case when we screened for mutations that are embryo-specific among progeny of materials generated with EMS-treated pollen. The EMS-induced emb mutation frequency reported here is nearly three times the 4.5% we obtained with the transposable element stocks. The 45 mutants reported here were all tested for germination capacity and nearly all were lethal. The embryo phenotypes of 34 mutations were examined by dissection of the mature embryos. All were found to be retarded in development and morphologically abnormal. Half of the mutants in this group were blocked in the proembryo and transition stages. They likely include mutations in nuclear genes coding for plastid proteins. The other 17 are mainly blocked in the coleoptilar stage, or in later stages with a low frequency. This group likely includes mutations in genes regulating the completion of shoot apical meristem (SAM) development and accompanying morphogenetic events. Most of the complementation tests using 19 of the mutations in 35 unique combinations complimented each other, except for two pairs of mutations with similar phenotypes. Our results provide additional evidence for the presence of many emb loci in the maize genome.
GENESIS DE LA PRIMACÍA DEL PENSAMIENTO CALCULADOR: HEIDEGGER Y LA REPRESENTACIÓN
Authors: Buchholtz Alejandra 
Published: October 2017

En su crítica a la Modernidad, Heidegger parece decir que el hombre ha conseguido instalarse, gracias a las ciencias, sobre la naturaleza y, por gentileza de la técnica, sobre sí mismo. Esta situación sería posible porque el hombre ya no piensa el mundo, sino que lo calcula a modo de representación. Este artículo explora cómo la representación se transformó en el fundamento metafísico de la Época Moderna y de qué manera la ciencia moderna y la metafísica cartesiana influyeron en la gestación de este nuevo modo de “pensar”.
How and Why Entrepreneurship Should Be Taught to Students: Polemical Notes
Authors: Chepurenko Alexander 
Published: October 2017

In the paper, some social, academic and organizational aspects of entrepreneurship education in Russian universities are analyzed from a polemical perspective. The author argues that some widespread approaches of entrepreneurship education in Russian colleges are ither less efficient or do not fit, and delivers a concept and structure of an all-university three-level elective course in innovative entrepreneurship, which could be implemented in some leading universities as a minor in entrepreneurship to support students when developing or enhancing the key entrepreneurial competencies. Major limitations (risks) and opportunities (chances) of universities willing to implement this teaching module are described.