bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in a Child with Posterior Scleritis
Authors: Erdöl H. , Kola M. , Türk A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To present the findings of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a child with posterior scleritis. Methods A 13-year-old boy was admitted to our clinic with symptoms of low degree of vision and ocular pain. Ophthalmologic examination, ocular ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and OCT investigations were carried out and the results were evaluated. Results Visual acuity was 10/10 in the right eye, and finger counting at 1 meter in the left eye. Anterior segments and vitreous were normal in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed the edema on the macula and the normal disc margins on the left eye, while the right eye was normal. The FFA revealed the leakage on the macula. Posterior scleral thickening, choroidal effusion, and serous retinal detachment were determined in ocular ultrasonography, suggesting posterior scleritis. There were interesting cystic forms underneath the retina and serous macular detachment (SMD) in the first OCT examination. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone for 10 days and then with oral indomethacin for 20 days. Following the systemic treatment the visual acuity of the left eye improved, subjective signs disappeared, and the OCT manifestations returned to normal. Conclusions In this case report, OCT provided new information about the retinochoroidal structure in posterior scleritis. These findings may be helpful for the diagnosis of this rare condition, but further studies are needed.
Clinical Complications of Combined Phacoemulsification and Vitrectomy for Eyes with Coexisting Cataract and Vitreoretinal Diseases
Authors: Wensheng L. , Wu R. , Wang X. , Xu M. , Sun G. , Sun C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To discuss the intraoperative and postoperative complications of combining phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with significant cataract and coexisting vitreoretinal diseases. Methods This retrospective study consisted of 186 eyes of 149 patients with various vitreoretinal abnormalities and visually significant cataracts. Vitreoretinal surgery was combined with clear corneal phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation. Main outcome measures were the intraoperative and postoperative complications at from 6 to 56 months. Results The most common intraoperative complication was iatrogenic retinal hole (5.3%), transient corneal edema (3.2%), and posterior capsule break (2.1%). The most common postoperative complication was posterior capsule opacification (21.5%) and elevated intraocular pressure (9.7%), macular edema (8.1%), fibrinous reaction (6.9%), vitreous hemorrhage (3.7%), posterior synechiae (3.7%), and recurrent retinal detachment (3.2%). Postoperatively, in 162 eyes (87.1%), visual acuity improved by 3 lines or more on the Snellen chart. In 14 eyes (7.5%), vision remained within 3 lines of preoperative levels and in 10 eyes (5.3%), vision had decreased at the last follow-up. Conclusions Postoperative complications did not increase significantly in the combined phacoemulsification and vitreoretinal surgery. Combined vitreoretinal surgery and phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation is safe and effective in treating vitreoretinal abnormalities coexisting with cataract. Based on extensive experience with the combined procedure, the authors suggest that combined surgery is recommended in select patients having simultaneous vitreoretinal pathologic changes and cataract.
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy among Subjects with Known Diabetes in China: The Beijing Eye Study
Authors: Xie X.W. , Xu L. , Jonas J.B. , Wang Y.X. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and risk factors among patients with self-reported diabetes mellitus in China. Methods The Beijing Eye Study, a population-based study on inhabitants aged 40+ years, included 4439 subjects. Fundus photographs of the worse eye from participants with self-reported diabetes were graded. Results Fundus photographs ready for evaluation and a filled out questionnaire were available for 4127 (93.0%) subjects. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 235/4127 (5.7%). Among the subjects with a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy was detected on the fundus photographs of 86 (37.1%) subjects, with macular edema in 12 (5.2%) subjects, clinically significant macular edema in 6 (2.6%) subjects, and a vision-threatening stage of the retinopathy in 12 (5.2%) subjects. Diabetic retinopathy was associated with rural region (p=0.004), longer duration of diabetes (p=0.009), use of diabetic medications (p=0.02), and lower education background (p=0.003). Conclusions Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among Chinese patients aged 40+ years with a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes is about 37%, with a vision-threatening stage of the retinopathy detected in 5% of the subjects. About 5.7% of the adult Chinese population report on a known diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, with about 15% of these subjects knowing about the presence of diabetic retinopathy. The frequency of known diabetes mellitus is lower in rural regions than in urban regions, while diabetic retinopathy overall and macular edema among the subjects with known diabetes mellitus were significantly more common in the rural group.
Prognostic Factors after Primary Vitrectomy and Perfluorocarbon Liquids for Bullous Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Abu El-Asrar A.M. , Al-Kwikbi H.F. , Kangave D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To identify prognostic factors for visual acuity and anatomic outcomes associated with bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) management using primary pars plana vitrectomy, intraoperative perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs), and internal gas tamponade. Methods The authors studied a consecutive series of 115 eyes (115 patients) with a bullous RRD not complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) associated with large, multiple, and/or posterior breaks in 58 (50.4%) eyes. All eyes underwent vitrectomy, injection of PFCL, and gas tamponade as the primary procedure. Encircling scleral bands were placed in all cases. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 60 months (mean 16.6±14.1 months). Results Retinal reattachment was achieved in 92.2% of eyes (106/115) with one operation and in all eyes after a second procedure. PVR was observed in 1 (0.87%) eye and pre-retinal membranes in 3 (2.6%) eyes. Progression of pre-existing cataract and development of new cataract occurred in 45 (58.4%) of the 77 phakic eyes. The presence of inferior retinal breaks was significantly associated with redetachment after the first procedure (p=0.0156). On univariate analysis, better preoperative visual acuity (p<0.001), macular sparing retinal detachment (p<0.001), and fewer quadrants involved by the detachment (p=0.0015) were significant positive prognostic factors for final visual acuity. Logistic regression analysis highlighted that macular sparing retinal detachment and absence of trauma were associated with better final visual acuity. Conclusions Redetachment was associated with the presence of inferior retinal breaks. Visual recovery was dependent on preoperative visual acuity, macular involvement, extent of retinal detachment, and trauma.
Induction of Durable Remission in Ocular Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Cervantes-Castañeda R.A. , Bhat P. , Fortuna E. , Acevedo S. , Foster C.S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a paradigm of care for patients with ocular inflammatory diseases aimed at induction of durable remission. Methods Retrospective cohort study. The records of 399 patients with ocular inflammatory diseases treated with systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) at the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution were reviewed. Durable remission was defined as control of inflammation in the absence of systemic IMT for at least 1 year. Fifty patients met the inclusion criteria. Results Mean age was 46±22.5 years (range 18–88). All the patients had corticosteroid therapy and failed this therapy before having IMT. Fifty-two percent of the patients had used methotrexate alone or in combination with other medications. Thirty percent of the patients required at least 2 years of therapy with systemic IMT to obtain durable remission, while 44% required 2 to 5 years of therapy to achieve the same. Twenty percent continued to stay in remission, off immunomodulatory drugs, between 2 and 5 years and 18% were in remission for more than 5 years after therapy discontinuation. Conclusions IMT can be sight saving in patients. It can be tapered and discontinued successfully without the return of ocular inflammation. Durable drug-free remission is an achievable goal, and should be pursued by ocular inflammatory disease specialists.
Low-Fluence Photodynamic Therapy in Longstanding Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy with Foveal and Gravitational Atrophy
Authors: Reibaldi M. , Boscia F. , Avitabile T. , Russo A. , Cannemi V. , Uva M.G. , Reibaldi A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe anatomic and functional outcomes in two patients with long-standing severe chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with foveal and gravitational atrophy treated with low-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods Two patients with a history of over 10 years of chronic CSC and development of gravitational tracts, with best-corrected visual acuity <20/200, were treated with PDT guided by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) with a fluence of 25 J/cm2 at an irradiance of 300 mW. Follow-up examinations 1 and 9 months after therapy included measurement of near and far best-corrected visual acuity, fundus biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography and ICGA, optical coherence tomography, and microperimetry. Results At 1 and 9 months after low-fluence PDT, complete resolution of subretinal, intraretinal, and under retinal pigment epithelium fluid was observed in both patients. Far and near visual acuity improved in both eyes. Improvement of sensitivity and fixation stability were demonstrated by microperimetry. No treatment-related side effects were seen. Conclusions ICGA-guided low-fluence PDT seems effective and safe for treating long-standing chronic CSC.
Antioxidants Intake and Dry Eye Syndrome: A Crossover, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial
Authors: Drouault-Holowacz Sophie , Bieuvelet SÉVerine , Burckel André , Rigal Danièle , Dubray Claude , Lichon Jean-Louis , Bringer Paul , Pilon François , Chiambaretta François 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess whether an orally administered antioxidant dietary supplement could improve the objective clinical signs and alleviate the subjective symptoms of dry eye syndrome. Methods Twenty-four subjects diagnosed with dry eye syndrome were randomized in a crossover, double-blind, controlled, randomized study to receive a placebo or an antioxidants combination (Oxybiane®) for 12 weeks. In all subjects, break-up time (BUT) test, Schirmer test, ocular symptoms (sore eyes, burning, itching, sensation of foreign object in the eye, photophobia, sticky eyes, and redness), visual comfort, and general well-being were evaluated weekly. Results After 12 weeks of supplementation with Oxybiane®, both the BUT scores (27.3%±8.4% with Oxybiane® versus 3.61%±4.3% with the placebo, p=0.017) and the Schirmer scores (26.9%±14.2% with Oxybiane® versus −4.7%±3.4% with the placebo, p=0.037) were significantly increased. A significantly improvement was also observed considering subjective clinical symptoms such as burning (p=0.031), itching (p=0.027), sensation of foreign body in eye (p=0.030), and redness (p=0.043). Conclusions Supplementation with oral antioxidants can improve both tear stability and quantity but also subjective clinical signs.
Bimanual Microincisional Phacoemulsification Combined with Viscocanalostomy plus Deeper Sclerectomy
Authors: Baykara Mehmet , Timucin Ozgur B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new technique, two-site bimanual microincisional cataract surgery combined with viscocanalostomy plus deeper sclerectomy (two-site bimanual MICS-VC-DS), in patients with cataract and glaucoma. Methods Noncomparative, interventional case series. From December 2005 to October 2007, a consecutive series of 12 patients (12 eyes) with uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and cataract have undergone two-site bimanual MICS-VC-DS. Postoperative evaluation included visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurement, and gonioscopic, biomicroscopic, and funduscopic examination. Paired-samples t test was used. A p value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Results The mean duration of follow-up was 14.6 months (SD 5.8). At 9 months, mean IOP was 17.0 (SD 4), the mean IOP reduction was 13.2 mmHg (SD 5.86). At 9 months post-surgery, the complete success rate was 75%. Qualified success was achieved in 100% of patients. At 9 months, the mean number of antiglaucoma medications was 0.58 (SD 1.24) (p<0.05). Visual acuity improved by a mean value of 2.8 lines. Average RNFL thickness did not change significantly during the follow-up period (p=0.781). Conclusions Two-site bimanual MICS-VC-DS appears to be an effective and safe procedure with quick visual rehabilitation, acceptable mid-term IOP control, and the advantage of having fewer complications.
Coexistent Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Cataract: Interim Analysis of a Trabecular Micro-Bypass Stent and Concurrent Cataract Surgery
Authors: Spiegel Detlev , Wetzel Wolfgang , Neuhann Thomas , Stürmer Jorg , Höh Helmut , García-Feijoo Julian , Martínez-De-La-Casa José Maria , García-Sánchez Julian 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the iStent Trabecular Micro-bypass Stent in patients undergoing concurrent cataract and glaucoma surgery. Methods Prospective, 24-month, uncontrolled, multicenter, multicountry evaluation of 58 patients with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma (including pseudoexfoliation and pigmentary) and cataract. Patients underwent clear cornea phacoemulsification followed by ab interno gonioscopically guided implantation of the iStent. Of the 48 per protocol population, 42 patients completed 12 months of the 24-month study, and their data are included in this interim analysis. Results At baseline, mean (±SD) intraocular pressure (IOP) was 21.7±3.98 mmHg. At 12 months, mean IOP was reduced to 17.4±2.99 mmHg, a mean IOP reduction of 4.4±4.54 mmHg (p<0.001, 18.3%). At baseline, patients were taking a mean 1.6±0.8 medications. By 12 months, the mean number of medications was reduced to 0.4±0.62 (p<0.001). Half the patients achieved an IOP ≤18 mmHg and were able to discontinue hypotensive medication by the 12-month visit. The most commonly reported device-related adverse events were the appearance of stent lumen obstruction (7 eyes) and stent malposition (6 eyes). None of the adverse events were deemed serious. Conclusions In patients undergoing concurrent cataract and glaucoma surgery, the iStent was safe and efficacious for the reduction of IOP and medication therapy.
Optical Coherence Tomography for Diagnosis of Posterior Vitreous Detachment at the Macular Region
Authors: Höhn Fabian , Mirshahi Alireza , Hattenbach Lars-Olof 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess optical coherence tomography (OCT) for diagnosing posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) at the macular region compared to kinetic B-scan ultrasonography. Methods In the present study, the authors prospectively investigated the frequency of PVD at the posterior pole utilizing ocular kinetic B-mode sonography in 315 eyes of 188 patients (113 female, 75 male; mean age, 72.8 years; range, 39–94) prior to cataract surgery. In addition, OCT scans of the macular region were performed in all subjects for detection of PVD at the macula. Results A total of 130 eyes (41.3%) had no sonographic signs of PVD. In this subset of patients in 36 eyes (27.7%), OCT revealed a flat PVD at the macular region with the distance between the posterior hyaloid and retinal surface being less than 400 μm (mean distance, 234 ± 112 μm, range, 24–398). When combining both methods, the diagnosis of PVD at the posterior pole was made in 221 of 315 eyes (70.2%). Conclusions OCT is a valuable tool for detecting PVD at the macular region, particularly in cases with small distances between the retinal surface and posterior hyaloid. Proof of attachment of the posterior hyaloid can be established only by combining kinetic ultrasonography and OCT.
Perfluorocarbon Liquid Vitreous Delamination and Wide-Angle Viewing System in the Management of Complicated Diabetic Retinal Detachment
Authors: Yadarola Maria B. , Gramajo Ana L. , Arrambide Maria P. , Colombres Gustavo A. , Juárez Claudio P. , Luna José D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The authors used perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) and a wide-angle viewing system (WAVS) to evaluate their efficacy on tractional and combined tractional/rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods In a prospective, noncomparative, interventional study, 76 consecutive cases of severe PDR with tractional and combined tractional/rhegmatogenous RD were submitted to vitrectomy en bloc excision technique using a WAVS and delamination with PFCL between July 1999 and December 2003. None of the patients had had previous retinal photocoagulation treatment. Preoperative characteristics, intraoperative findings, and procedures as well as postoperative results were recorded. Main outcome measures included visual acuity (VA) and rates of retinal reattachment and complications. Results After 1 to 4 years of follow-up (mean 34.3 months), the number of patients changed from 3 (3.95%) to 11 patients (14.47%) in the ≥ 20/40 VA range, from 12 (15.79%) to 7 (9.21%) in the 20/50 to 20/200 group, and from 61 (80.26%) to 58 (76.31%) in the ≤ 20/400 group, preoperatively and postoperatively, respectively. The mean final VA improved from 1.2 logMAR before surgery to 0.89 after vitrectomy (p=0.001). This modified technique resulted in less bleeding during surgery, a better identification of intraocular structures, faster retinal reattachment, subretinal fluid reabsorption, and easier dissection of fibrovascular membranes, among other benefits. Conclusions PFCL and WAVS appear to reduce intraoperative complication rates in the management of complicated cases of tractional and combined tractional/rhegmatogenous RD secondary to PDR. Retinal reattachment and functional vision rates improved after this technique.
Risk Factors in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion and Activated Protein C Resistance
Authors: Güven D. , Sayinalp N. , Kalayci D. , Dündar S. , Hasiripi H. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) tends to be a disease of older individuals, with some known major risk factors, and activated protein C resistance seems to be one of the causes in younger patients. In this study, we reviewed risk factors including activated protein C resistance in a series of patients with CRVO. Methods Twenty-four patients with a diagnosis of CRVO presenting either acutely or for a follow-up visit during the study period, were enrolled. Ages ranged between 31 and 83 years (mean 59.7). The risk factors, presence of ischemia, the results of biochemical serological and hematological tests, especially activated protein C resistance (APC-R), were analysed. Results In 17 patients (71%) one or more of the following risk factors existed: hypertension, diabetes, oral contraceptive usage, family history of thrombosis, and previous operation. In 40% of the eyes, there were ischemic changes. Serum triglycerides were high in 4 of 21 patients (19%) and cholesterol and urea were high in 10 of 21 patients (19%). APC-R was found in 6 out of 24 patients (25%). Conclusions Besides known predisposing factors like hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma and hyperlipidemia, APC-R seems to be a risk factor for CRVO at all ages.
Listeria Monocytogenes-Induced Endogenous Endophthalmitis in an Otherwise Healthy Individual: Rapid PCR-Diagnosis as the Basis for Effective Treatment
Authors: Lohmann C.P. , Gabel V.P. , Heep M. , Linde H. J. , Reischl U. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of endogenous endophthalmitis. To date 15 cases have been published in the literature. All eyes showed similar clinical features and profound visual loss mainly due to delayed diagnosis. Methods An additional case of an otherwise healthy 73 year-old male, who was referred to our hospital because of acute iridocyclitis with secondary glaucoma, is reported. Within a few days the severity of the intraocular infection increased dramatically, resulting in the clinical picture of acute endophthalmitis. Results In contrast to most published cases, early identification of the causative pathogen in the aqueous humor after anterior chamber puncture using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the initiation of a specific, systemic antibiotic medication, resulted in complete recovery of visual acuity. Conclusions PCR is very useful for the identification of the pathogen in intraocular infections.
Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis in Europe
Authors: Harto M.A. , Rodriguez-Salvador V. , Aviñó J.A. , Duch-Samper A. M. , Menezo J.L. 
Published: January 2018

Background Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis is thought to be caused by a solitary helminth migrating within the subretinal space. Laser photocoagulation of the located worm is the preferred mode of therapy. Methods We describe the clinical and electrophysiological features of a case of a 15-year-old Caucasian male with a longstanding diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN), in whom two worms were seen in the fundus examination. Focal photocoagulation of the worms was applied as treatment. Results No signs of inflammation could be seen after treatment. Three months later, the patient was doing well. Follow-up examination 4 years later revealed an unchanged fundus appearance in the affected eye, with no evidence of progression of the syndrome. Conclusions If a worm is identified in DUSN, focal laser treatment of the located area is the treatment of choice, regardless of whether fundus changes suggest late stages of the disease. However, the eye of the patient should be thoroughly examined to rule out the presence of more than one worm that might cause the failure of therapy.
Pretarsal and Marginal Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Fiber Changes in Trachomatous Cicatricial Entropion: Histopathological Evaluation
Authors: Guzey M. , Basar E. , Ermis S.S. , Bitiren M. , Ozardali I. , Mirzatas C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the histopathological changes of pretarsal and orbicularis muscle fibers in trachomatous cicatricial entropion. Methods Orbicularis muscle tissue specimens were histopathologically evaluated in 17 eyes of 11 cases in which anterior lamellar reposition and/or wedge-shaped tarsal resection or Wies procedure were performed. Results Degeneration of orbicularis muscle fibers, atrophy, connective tissue increase between muscle fibers and edema were observed in 13 tissue specimens. Muscle fiber changes were more commonly observed in cases with severe entropion, in which Wies procedure was performed. Conclusions These histopathological changes, which may develop secondary to other structural changes that can cause entropion in the eyelid and weaken the orbicularis muscle, may be a co-factor influencing the severity of entropion more than causing entropion alone.