bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enamel alteration following tooth bleaching and remineralization
Authors: COCESKA EMILIJA , GJORGIEVSKA ELIZABETA , COLEMAN NICHOLA J. , GABRIC DRAGANA , SLIPPER IAN J. , STEVANOVIC MARIJA , NICHOLSON JOHN W. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of professional tooth whitening agents containing highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (with and without laser activation), on the enamel surface; and the potential of four different toothpastes to remineralize any alterations.The study was performed on 50 human molars, divided in two groups: treated with Opalescence® Boost and Mirawhite® Laser Bleaching. Furthermore, each group was divided into five subgroups, a control one and 4 subgroups remineralized with: Mirasensitive® hap+, Mirawhite® Gelleѐ, GC Tooth Mousse™ and Mirafluor® C. The samples were analysed by SEM/3D‐SEM‐micrographs, SEM/EDX‐qualitative analysis and SEM/EDX‐semiquantitative analysis.The microphotographs show that both types of bleaching cause alterations: emphasized perikymata, erosions, loss of interprizmatic substance; the laser treatment is more aggressive and loss of integrity of the enamel is determined by shearing off the enamel rods. In all samples undergoing remineralization deposits were observed, those of toothpastes based on calcium phosphate technologies seem to merge with each other and cover almost the entire surface of the enamel. Loss of integrity and minerals were detected only in the line‐scans of the sample remineralized with GC Tooth Mousse™. The semiquantitative EDX analysis of individual elements in the surface layer of the enamel indicates that during tooth‐bleaching with HP statistically significant loss of Na and Mg occurs, whereas the bleaching in combination with a laser leads to statistically significant loss of Ca and P.The results undoubtedly confirm that teeth whitening procedures lead to enamel alterations. In this context, it must be noted that laser bleaching is more aggressive for dental substances. However, these changes are reversible and can be repaired by application of remineralization toothpastes.
A simple approach for bioactive surface calibration using evanescent waves
Authors: MARSH GRAHAM , WAUGH RICHARD E. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWhen investigating the interaction of cells with surfaces, it is becoming increasingly important to perform quantitative measurements of surface protein density to understand reaction kinetics. Previously, to calibrate a surface for an experiment one would have to use a radiometric assay or strip the surface with acid and perform a mass quantification. Although both of these methodologies have been proven to be effective measurement techniques for surface quantification, they can be time consuming and require substantial amounts of material. The latter is particularly problematic when working with specialized molecules or constructs that may be expensive to produce and/or only available in small quantities. Here we present a simple method to measure the intensity and penetration depth of an evanescent wave, and use this information to quantify the density of surface molecules in a microscopic region of a transparent surface.
Dysbindin‐1 modifies signaling and cellular localization of recombinant, human D3 and D2 receptors
Authors: Schmieg Nathalie , Rocchi Cristina , Romeo Stefania , Maggio Roberto , Millan Mark J. , Mannoury la Cour Clotilde 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDystrobrevin binding protein‐1 (dysbindin‐1), a candidate gene for schizophrenia, modulates cognition, synaptic plasticity and frontocortical circuitry and interacts with glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission. Loss of dysbindin‐1 modifies cellular trafficking of dopamine (DA) D2 receptors to increase cell surface expression, but its influence upon signaling has never been characterized. Further, the effects of dysbindin‐1 upon closely related D3 receptors remain unexplored. Hence, we examined the impact of dysbindin‐1 (isoform A) co‐expression on the localization and coupling of human D2L and D3 receptors stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary or SH‐SY5Y cells lacking endogenous dysbindin‐1. Dysbindin‐1 co‐transfection decreased cell surface expression of both D3 and D2L receptors. Further, while their affinity for DA was unchanged, dysbindin‐1 reduced the magnitude and potency of DA–induced adenylate cylase recruitment/cAMP production. Dysbindin‐1 also blunted the amplitude of DA‐induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt at both D2L and D3 receptors without, in contrast to cAMP, affecting the potency of DA. Interference with calveolin/clathrin‐mediated processes of internalization prevented the modification by dysbindin‐1 of ERK1/2 and adenylyl cyclase stimulation at D2L and D3 receptors. Finally, underpinning the specificity of the influence of dysbindin‐1 on D2L and D3 receptors, dysbindin‐1 did not modify recruitment of adenylyl cyclase by D1 receptors. These observations demonstrate that dysbindin‐1 influences cell surface expression of D3 in addition to D2L receptors, and that it modulates activation of their signaling pathways. Accordingly, both a deficiency and an excess of dysbindin‐1 may be disruptive for dopaminergic transmission, supporting its link to schizophrenia and other CNS disorders.
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Dysbindin‐1, a candidate gene for schizophrenia, alters D2 receptors cell surface expression. We demonstrate that dysbindin‐1 expression also influences cell surface levels of D3 receptors. Further, Dysbindin‐1 reduces DA‐induced adenylate cylase recruitment/cAMP production and modifies major signaling pathways (Akt and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2)) of both D2 and D3 receptors. Dysbindin‐1 modulates thus D2 and D3 receptor signaling, supporting a link to schizophrenia.
Occlusal Pressure Analysis of Complete Dentures after Microwave Disinfection: A Clinical Study
Authors: Basso Michael Frederico Manzolli , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Vergani Carlos Eduardo , Pavarina Ana Cláudia , Machado Ana Lúcia , Jorge Janaina Habib 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeThis clinical study evaluated the effect of microwave disinfection protocols on the occlusal pressure pattern of dentures.Materials and MethodsDentures were constructed for 40 patients and evaluated as follows (n = 20). Group 1: Patients had the maxillary dentures submitted to microwave disinfection, once a week, for 4 weeks. Group 2: Patients had the maxillary dentures submitted to microwave disinfection, three times a week, for 4 weeks. Occlusal contacts were recorded on five occasions: 30 days after denture insertion and before first disinfection (baseline or control group); 1 week after disinfection; 2 weeks after disinfection; 3 weeks after disinfection; 4 weeks after disinfection. Occlusal contacts were analyzed by T‐Scan III. Intergroup analysis was performed using the Mann‐Whitney test and intragroup analysis using the Friedman test with significance of 5%.ResultsThe results showed no significant difference between groups during the periods. The data on parameters loss of denture adaptation or complaints showed that patients used their dentures regularly for eating and expressed comfort and satisfaction in all experimental periods. The evaluation of functional occlusion revealed that the distribution of the occlusal contacts remained unaltered after disinfection.ConclusionMicrowave disinfection protocols as studied in this report did not influence occlusal contacts of the complete dentures.
Bronchoscopy, Imaging, and Concurrent Diseases in Dogs with Bronchiectasis: (2003–2014)
Authors: Johnson L.R. , Johnson E.G. , Vernau W. , Kass P.H. , Byrne B.A. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundBronchiectasis is a permanent and debilitating sequel to chronic or severe airway injury, however, diseases associated with this condition are poorly defined.ObjectiveTo evaluate results of diagnostic tests used to document bronchiectasis and to characterize underlying or concurrent disease processes.AnimalsEighty‐six dogs that had bronchoscopy performed and a diagnosis of bronchiectasis.MethodsRetrospective case series. Radiographs, computed tomography, and bronchoscopic findings were evaluated for features of bronchiectasis. Clinical diagnoses of pneumonia (aspiration, interstitial, foreign body, other), eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP), and inflammatory airway disease (IAD) were made based on results of history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis and microbiology.ResultsBronchiectasis was diagnosed in 14% of dogs (86/621) that had bronchoscopy performed. Dogs ranged in age from 0.5 to 14 years with duration of signs from 3 days to 10 years. Bronchiectasis was documented during bronchoscopy in 79/86 dogs (92%), thoracic radiology in 50/83 dogs (60%), and CT in 34/34 dogs (100%). Concurrent airway collapse was detected during bronchoscopy in 50/86 dogs (58%), and focal or multifocal mucus plugging of segmental or subsegmental bronchi was found in 41/86 dogs (48%). Final diagnoses included pneumonia (45/86 dogs, 52%), EBP (10/86 dogs, 12%) and IAD (31/86 dogs, 36%). Bacteria were isolated in 24/86 cases (28%), with Streptococcus spp, Pasteurella spp, enteric organisms, and Stenotrophomonas isolated most frequently.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBronchiectasis can be anticipated in dogs with infectious or inflammatory respiratory disease. Advanced imaging and bronchoscopy are useful in making the diagnosis and identifying concurrent respiratory disease.
Effect of Ovariohysterectomy at the Time of Tumor Removal in Dogs with Mammary Carcinomas: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kristiansen V.M. , Peña L. , Díez Córdova L. , Illera J.C. , Skjerve E. , Breen A.M. , Cofone M.A. , Langeland M. , Teige J. , Goldschmidt M. , Sørenmo K.U. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundOvarian hormones play crucial roles in mammary carcinogenesis. However, whether ovarian ablation by ovariohysterectomy (OHE) improves the prognosis in dogs with mammary carcinomas is unclear.ObjectivesDetermine ifOHEat the time of mastectomy improves the prognosis in dogs with mammary carcinomas and evaluate if hormonal factors influence the effect ofOHE.AnimalsSixty intact dogs with mammary carcinomas.MethodsDogs were randomly assigned in a 1 : 1 ratio to undergoOHE(n = 31) or not (n = 29) at the time of tumor removal. Peri‐surgical serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone concentrations were measured, tumor diagnosis was confirmed histologically, and tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor status was immunohistochemically determined. The dogs were monitored for recurrence and metastases every 3‐4 months for at least 2 years. Uni‐ and multivariable survival analyses were performed with relapse and all‐cause death as endpoints in addition to univariable subgroup analyses.ResultsOverall,OHEdid not significantly decrease hazard of relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64;P= .18) or all‐cause death (HR, 0.87;P= .64) in univariable analyses. In multivariable analysisOHEdid not significantly influence the hazard of relapse (HR, 0.54;P= .12), but an interaction effect was identified betweenERstatus and E2 (P= .037). Subgroup analysis identified decreased hazard of relapse in theOHEgroup compared to the non‐OHEgroup in the subsets of dogs with increased E2 (HR, 0.22;P= .012) or grade 2 tumors (HR, 0.26;P= .02).ConclusionDogs with grade 2,ER‐positive tumors, or with increased peri‐surgical serum E2 concentration represent a subset of dogs with mammary carcinomas likely to benefit fromOHE.
Naturally Occurring Adrenocortical Insufficiency – An Epidemiological Study Based on a Swedish‐Insured Dog Population of 525,028 Dogs
Authors: Hanson J.M. , Tengvall K. , Bonnett B.N. , Hedhammar Å. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundNaturally occurring adrenocortical insufficiency (NOAI) in dogs is considered an uncommon disease with good prognosis with hormonal replacement treatment. However, there are no epidemiological studies with estimates for the general dog population.ObjectivesTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics ofNOAIin a large population of insured dogs.AnimalsData were derived from 525,028 client‐owned dogs insured by a Swedish insurance company representing 2,364,652 dog‐years at risk (DYAR) during the period between 1995–2006.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Incidence rates, prevalences, and relative risks for dogs withNOAI(AIwith no previous claim for hypercortisolism), were calculated for the whole dog population, and for subgroups divided by breed and sex. Mortality rates were calculated and compared in dogs withNOAIand the remaining dogs overall.ResultsIn total 534 dogs were identified withNOAI. The overall incidence was 2.3 cases per 10,000DYAR. The relative risk of disease was significantly higher in the Portuguese Water Dog, Standard Poodle, Bearded Collie, Cairn Terrier, and Cocker Spaniel compared with other breeds combined. Female dogs overall were at higher risk of developingAIthan male dogs (RR1.85; 95%CI, 1.55–2.22;P < .001). The relative risk of death was 1.9 times higher in dogs withNOAIthan in dogs overall.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe data supports the existence of breed‐specific differences in incidence rates ofNOAIin dogs.
Different sperm allocation strategies in two populations of the semiterrestrial crab Neohelice granulata (Brachyura, Grapsoidea, Varunidae)
Authors: Sal Moyano María P. , Gavio María A. , Luppi Tomás 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSperm reserves are costly to produce and so the development of different sperm allocation strategies may be advantageous. Knowledge of sperm allocation strategies is important from an evolutionary perspective because they contribute to characterize mating systems. However, population differences in sperm allocation strategies of the same species have rarely been assessed. Here, we studied the male sperm allocation strategies in two different populations of Neohelice granulata in Mar Chiquita Lagoon (MCL) and San Antonio Oeste (SAO), Argentina. We found that the quantity of ejaculate transferred by N. granulata males depended on different factors such as male size and female receptivity duration, while it was independent of female size, at both study areas. Regarding the operational sex ratio factor, the amount of ejaculate transferred depended on it in MCL but not in SAO. Thus, N. granulata males may have the capacity to regulate the quantity of ejaculate transferred based on individual factors such as their own size and female receptivity duration, and population factors such as operational sex ratio, which varies in the two populations studied.
Fatigue as a manifestation of psychosocial distress in a low‐income country: a population‐based panel study
Authors: Smartt Caroline , Medhin Girmay , Alem Atalay , Patel Vikram , Dewey Michael , Prince Martin , Hanlon Charlotte 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveFatigue is a common complaint worldwide and associated with disability and high health service use costs. We tested the hypothesis that maternal fatigue would be associated independently with maternal common mental disorder (‘maternal CMD’) in a rural, low‐income country setting.MethodsThe analysis was conducted using data from a population‐based cohort located in the Butajira demographic surveillance site, Ethiopia. A total of 1065 women were recruited in pregnancy and followed up to 2.5 (n = 1009; 94.7%) and 3.5 years post‐partum (n = 989; 92.9%). Maternal CMD symptoms were measured using a locally validated version of the Self‐Reporting Questionnaire and fatigue was measured using a dichotomised item from the Patient Health Questionnaire‐15. Physical health indicators included haemoglobin level, body mass index and illness episodes. Generalised estimating equations were used to conduct hypothesis‐driven and exploratory multivariable analyses in the panel at 2.5 and 3.5 years.ResultsThe prevalence of maternal fatigue was 8.3% at 2.5 years and 5.5% at 3.5 years post‐partum. Psychological symptoms of maternal CMD were associated independently with complaints of fatigue after adjusting for anaemia, body mass index, physical ill health, poverty and other confounding variables: adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28–1.66 for each one point increase in SRQ score. In the multivariable model, only psychosocial factors (CMD and stressful life events) and self‐reported physical ill health were associated significantly with complaints of fatigue.ConclusionComplaints of fatigue are associated strongly with maternal CMD and other psychosocial risk factors in this rural, low‐income country setting with a high burden of undernutrition and infectious disease. Fatigue should be understood as a potential indicator of CMD in primary care to improve detection and treatment.
Changes in functional diversity and intraspecific trait variability of weeds in response to crop sequences and climate
Authors: Borgy B , Perronne R , Kohler C , Grison A‐L , Amiaud B , Gaba S 
Published: December 2015

SummaryHow weed communities assemble represents one the key issues of weed science. For a decade, functional approaches have been applied to investigate the processes that govern weed community assembly. In most previous studies, trait values have been generally averaged over multiple populations and habitats. Consequently, conspecifics display similar trait values while neglecting the considerable influence of intraspecific variability to detect changes in functional diversity in response to environmental drivers. However, this influence has been shown to be critical, especially, at local scales. Here, we studied changes in weed functional diversity at the field scale in four crop sequences. We focused on intra‐ and interspecific variability of four key functional traits involved in response to resource acquisition processes, the latter being modified by climate, management and competition. The relative influence of intra‐ and interspecific variability among the crop sequence types was highlighted using a diversity partitioning approach. It provides evidence for substantial amount of intraspecific variability in the weed community and underlines its essential role in response to fine‐scale environmental drivers. In addition, we investigated the response of the three most abundant species to competition with the crop, the growing season and the crop sequence type. We highlighted that these species showed a wide range of combinations of trait values, suggesting the co‐existence of several successful strategies. Based on these results, we emphasise that neglecting intraspecific variability can lead to substantial underestimations of the functional weed response to management and crop‐weed competition at the field scale.
Will Culling White‐Tailed Deer Prevent Lyme Disease?
Authors: Kugeler K. J. , Jordan R. A. , Schulze T. L. , Griffith K. S. , Mead P. S. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWhite‐tailed deer play an important role in the ecology of Lyme disease. In the United States, where the incidence and geographic range of Lyme disease continue to increase, reduction of white‐tailed deer populations has been proposed as a means of preventing human illness. The effectiveness of this politically sensitive prevention method is poorly understood. We summarize and evaluate available evidence regarding the effect of deer reduction on vector tick abundance and human disease incidence. Elimination of deer from islands and other isolated settings can have a substantial impact on the reproduction of blacklegged ticks, while reduction short of complete elimination has yielded mixed results. To date, most studies have been conducted in ecologic situations that are not representative to the vast majority of areas with high human Lyme disease risk. Robust evidence linking deer control to reduced human Lyme disease risk is lacking. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to recommend deer population reduction as a Lyme disease prevention measure, except in specific ecologic circumstances.
USABILITY PRINCIPLES MAKE IRAQI E-GOVERNMENT PORTAL MORE ACCESSIBLE
Authors: Abdul Wahid Hayder Sabah , Jaafar Ali Suhad , Ismail Hashim Adnan , Abdul Mutalib Ariffin 
Published: December 2015

This paper reports on an initiative that redesigns the Iraqi portal. The new set of features were determined by comparatively study the famous highly-accessed portals. Additionally, the features were determined based on usability principles. Based on the gathered features, the portal, which is named Iraqi e-government portal (Ie-gP) was designed and developed. Then, users were let to experience the portal and their feedback were gathered through an adapted instrument. The results reveal that the Ie-gP is perceived useful and easy to use. This further leads to a high access to the Ie-gP.
ASSISTING DESIGN IDEAS: PTOOLKIT, A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Saidin Aeni Zuhana , Shaari Nassiriah , Alwi Asmidah 
Published: December 2015

Design for persuasion requires the designer to understand theories, ideas and strategies of persuasion that could change, modify or adapt people’s behaviour. This situation requires the designer to access appropriate persuasion knowledge by making the design suit to the persuasion intention. Therefore, a tool called as PToolkit was introduced to assist designer during the design process. Then, a pilot evaluation was conducted to evaluate PToolkit. This is to ensure that the actual evaluation phase would run smoothly, as well as having an initial understanding of the ability of PToolkit in influencing the design ideas. As a result, few evaluation procedures were amended and ways of data interpretation were suggested.
OCCUPANTS’ EVALUATION OF GREEN FEATURES IN GREEN COMMERCIAL OFFICE BUILDINGS: ESTABLISHING THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE SURVEY INSTRUMENT
Authors: Jasimin Tuti Haryati , Mohd Ali Hishamuddin , Achu Kamalahasan 
Published: December 2015

Property owners and end-users (tenants and owner-users) have an important role in the development of sustainable real estate assets. This is due to the fact that they experience the benefits of sustainability in their buildings, which would promote the development of more sustainable buildings in the industry. The aim of this paper is to discuss the procedure of developing and validating an instrument to examine the occupants’ evaluation of green features in green commercial office building based on three basic steps; (1) item development and judgement, (2) designing and conducting a pilot study, and (3) finalizing the survey. The 56-item instrument which comprises of 10 points Likert scales was developed prior to performing the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The results of this study highlight the instrument to better understand the green factors and their attributes for commercial office building under the environment, social and economic sustainability features.