bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerus concelebrantium
Authors: Krakowiak Czesław 
Published: August 2016

Msza św. koncelebrowana przywrócona w Kościele łacińskim przez Konstytucję o liturgii (nn. 57–58) początkowo była dozwolona jedynie w uściślonych przypadkach. Wymagano także, aby przewodniczył jej biskup lub jego delegat. W procesie przygotowywania przez Kongregację Kultu Bożego obrzędów koncelebry próbowano określić także liczbę koncelebrujących kapłanów. Jednak w wydanym w 1965 r. Ritus servandus zaznaczono jedynie, że zależy to od konkretnych warunków, w których ma miejsce koncelebracja Mszy św. Najważniejszym kryterium jest wielkość prezbiterium, aby koncelebrujący mogli otaczać ołtarz, nie zasłaniając go wiernym. Obecnie Mszy św. koncelebrowanej może przewodniczyć każdy prezbiter. Taka forma sprawowania Mszy św. stała się zwyczajną praktyką i jest zalecana zawsze wtedy, gdy jest wielu kapłanów i nie ma konieczności indywidualnej celebracji dla dobra wiernych. W ostatnich latach zauważa się tendencję do ograniczania liczby koncelebrujących, zachowując wskazania Ritus servandus. Potwierdza to podejmowanie tego problemu przez Kongregację Kultu Bożego, która przypomina i uzasadnia wcześniejsze przepisy Kościoła. Podkreśla się, że powinny być one zachowane, zwłaszcza w wielkich koncelebracjach i poza zwykłymi miejscami sprawowania Mszy św. Każda bowiem Msza św. koncelebrowana powinna ukazywać i w znakach wyrażać jej teologiczne znaczenie, tzn. jedność kapłaństwa, jedność Ofiary Chrystusa i jedność ludu Bożego.
Liturgy and Morality. Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium in the Context of Moral Theology
Authors: Mielec Bogusław 
Published: August 2016

50. rocznica uchwalenia Konstytucji o liturgii świętej zachęca do teologiczno-moralnej interpretacji tego dokumentu Vaticanum II. Jej owocem jest stwierdzenie istniejącej w historii zbawienia korelacji pomiędzy liturgią i moralnością. Objawienie Starego Testamentu odsłania koniunkcję kultu i moralności, a próby jej rozerwania w historii Narodu Wybranego spotykają się z ostrym sprzeciwem proroków. Krytyka ta zawiera jednak zapowiedź nowej przyszłości, w której Bóg usunie podział między kultem a moralnością. Nowy Testament przedstawia realizację tej obietnicy w wydarzeniu Jezusa Chrystusa. Jego zbawcze dzieło ustanawia chrześcijańską liturgię, w której człowiek uczestniczy jako istota duchowo-cielesna. Zbawienie aktualizowane w liturgii uświęca przez łaskę, która może być przyjęta jako miłość Boga respektująca wolne działanie człowieka. Zbawienie uobecniane w liturgii Kościoła jest bowiem relacją, współdziałaniem Boga i człowieka, łaski i wolności. Sacrosantum Concilium wyraża tę objawioną prawdę, podkreślając obiektywny i subiektywny wymiar liturgii jako dzieła Chrystusa, w którym chrześcijanin czynnie, świadomie i owocnie uczestniczy (participatio actuosa). Jest to przede wszystkim udział duchowy, zatem również moralny. Tylko wtedy możliwy jest zewnętrzny wymiar liturgii, w którym zawierają się szczegółowe formy, postawy, gesty i różnego rodzaju działania uczestnika świętej liturgii. Oznacza to, że liturgiczna participatio actuosa wymaga moralnego działania poprzez konkretne naśladowanie Chrystusa, prowadzące do nawrócenia. Wówczas „wiara działa przez miłość” (por. Ga 5, 6). W ten sposób dochodzimy do pojęcia ofiary, która w przypadku człowieka polega na jego całościowej przemianie. Grzeszny człowiek obdarowany miłością Trójjedynego Boga może na nią odpowiedzieć własną, stopniowo dojrzewającą miłością. Proces ten konstytuuje dramat Boga i człowieka, czyli napięcie pomiędzy łaską i wolnością, któremu odpowiada właśnie korelacja liturgii i moralności. Co więcej, zależność ta pozwala na autentyczne doświadczenie liturgii i moralności, chroniąc je przed redukcją do rytualizmu i moralizmu.
Post-conciliar Changes in Liturgy
Authors: Mieszczak Stanisław 
Published: August 2016

Pięćdziesiąta rocznica ogłoszenia soborowej Konstytucji o liturgii świętej Sacrosanctum Concilium rozbudziła wiele zainteresowania tym dokumentem i zmianami w liturgii Kościoła katolickiego. Dzieło reformy nie było jednak owocem jedynie tendencji soborowych. Było odpowiedzią na wyzwania, jakie stanęły przed Kościołem już od połowy XIX wieku. W dziedzinie liturgii miał miejsce rozwój nauk historycznych, odnowienie zainteresowania Biblią, ponowne odkrycie wpływu dobrze celebrowanej liturgii na życie społeczne, nowe duszpasterstwo liturgiczne, odnowa muzyki, zarówno w parafiach, jak i w celebracjach pontyfikalnych. Oprócz tego rozwijały się misje ad gentes i w konsekwencji dialog ekumeniczny, różne formy pobożności, co sprzyjało poszukiwaniom bardziej autentycznej religijności. Nie można zapomnieć także wydarzeń politycznych i prądów myślowych z tamtych lat. Reforma była palącą potrzebą, a Sacrosanctum Concilium nie tyle dała początek zmianom, ile raczej ukierunkowała je zgodnie z wymaganiami Kościoła.
The Situation of the Elderly in Bangladesh
Authors: Barikdar Antoni , Ahmed Tahera , Lasker Shamima Parvin 
Published: August 2016

In Bangladesh due to improved quality of life the number of people over 60 years is increasing rapidly. This should be seen as an emerging challenge as the elderly will have special needs and require different care-giving services. Since Bangladesh does not have a social welfare system there will be competition for inadequate resources specially health and medical services. It is envisaged that due to more elderly population the demographic structure will undergo a slow change from the present pyramid structure. The growing trend towards nuclear family or where children live abroad will put the elderly parents in a dilemma-the financial and social support that is essential for them has not yet emerged. The nutrition and health status of elderly people depend on adequate food safe water, proper sanitation facilities and maintaining hygienic standards. To provide special medical care for the elderly there is a need to establish WHO recommended Age-Friendly Primary Health Care centers and separate wards /units are to be set up in the hospitals. To reduce vulnerability of older women there is a need to distribute assets and properties according to the law. . Our new generations have to be responsive, informed and attentive about their duties and responsibilities towards the elderly people. Taking proper care of the elderly is our ethical duty and responsibility.
Discussion of “The New Role of Biomedical Informatics in the Age of Digital Medicine”
Authors: Bellazzi Riccardo , de Quiros Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo , Koch Sabine , Kulikowski Casimir , Lovell Nigel , Maojo Victor , Park Hyeoun-Ae , Sanz Ferran , Sarkar Indra , Tanaka Hiroshi , Al-Shorbaji Najeeb 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper “The New Role of Biomedical Informatics in the Age of Digital Medicine” written by Fernando J. Martin-Sanchez and Guillermo H. Lopez-Campos [1]. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to in -dependently comment on the paper of Martin-Sanchez and Lopez-Campos. In subsequent issues the discussion can continue through letters to the editor.
Optimizing by accident: A/an allomorphy and glottal stop
Authors: Pak Marjorie 
Published: August 2016

English a/an appears to be a textbook case of phonologically optimizing allomorphy: it conspires to yield CV syllables instead of hiatus (% ə apple) or extra codas (*an book). But does this effect need to be explained in the synchronic grammar—e.g., is an selected before vowels in order to provide an onset? I argue that it cannot be, based on the selection of an before emphatic glottal stop (an [ʔ]ápple). I provide a serialist analysis of a/an in which allomorphy strictly precedes phonology and cannot ‘see’ surface phonetic forms.
CLOUDS IN SUPER-EARTH ATMOSPHERES: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS
Authors: Mbarek Rostom , Kempton Eliza M.-R. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent studies have unequivocally proven the existence of clouds in super-Earth atmospheres. Here we provide a theoretical context for the formation of super-Earth clouds by determining which condensates are likely to form under the assumption of chemical equilibrium. We study super-Earth atmospheres of diverse bulk composition, which are assumed to form by outgassing from a solid core of chondritic material, following Schaefer & Fegley. The super-Earth atmospheres that we study arise from planetary cores made up of individual types of chondritic meteorites. They range from highly reducing to oxidizing and have carbon to oxygen (C:O) ratios that are both sub-solar and super-solar, thereby spanning a range of atmospheric composition that is appropriate for low-mass exoplanets. Given the atomic makeup of these atmospheres, we minimize the global Gibbs free energy of formation for over 550 gases and condensates to obtain the molecular composition of the atmospheres over a temperature range of 350–3000 K. Clouds should form along the temperature–pressure boundaries where the condensed species appear in our calculation. We find that the composition of condensate clouds depends strongly on both the H:O and C:O ratios. For the super-Earth archetype GJ 1214b, KCl and ZnS are the primary cloud-forming condensates at solar composition, in agreement with previous work. However, for oxidizing atmospheres, K2SO4 and ZnO condensates are favored instead, and for carbon-rich atmospheres with super-solar C:O ratios, graphite clouds appear. For even hotter planets, clouds form from a wide variety of rock-forming and metallic species.
THE COMBINED EFFECT OF PRECESSION AND CONVECTION ON THE DYNAMO ACTION
Authors: Wei Xing 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
To understand the generation of the Earth’s magnetic field and those of other planets, we numerically investigate the combined effect of precession and convection on dynamo action in a spherical shell. Convection alone, precession alone, and the combined effect of convection and precession are studied at the low Ekman number at which the precessing flow is already unstable. The key result is that although precession or convection alone are not strong enough to support the dynamo action, the combined effect of precession and convection can support the dynamo action because of the resonance of precessional and convective instabilities. This result may explain why the geodynamo has been maintained for such a long time compared to the Martian dynamo.
A PRIMER ON UNIFYING DEBRIS DISK MORPHOLOGIES
Authors: Lee Eve J. , Chiang Eugene 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
A “minimum model” for debris disks consists of a narrow ring of parent bodies, secularly forced by a single planet on a possibly eccentric orbit, colliding to produce dust grains that are perturbed by stellar radiation pressure. We demonstrate how this minimum model can reproduce a wide variety of disk morphologies imaged in scattered starlight. Five broad categories of disk shape can be captured: “rings,” “needles,” “ships-and-wakes,” “bars,” and “moths (a.k.a. fans),” depending on the viewing geometry. Moths can also sport “double wings.” We explain the origin of morphological features from first principles, exploring the dependence on planet eccentricity, disk inclination dispersion, and the parent body orbital phases at which dust grains are born. A key determinant in disk appearance is the degree to which dust grain orbits are apsidally aligned. Our study of a simple steady-state (secularly relaxed) disk should serve as a reference for more detailed models tailored to individual systems. We use the intuition gained from our guidebook of disk morphologies to interpret, informally, the images of a number of real-world debris disks. These interpretations suggest that the farthest reaches of planetary systems are perturbed by eccentric planets, possibly just a few Earth masses each.
ASASSN-14li: A MODEL TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENT
Authors: Krolik Julian , Piran Tsvi , Svirski Gilad , Cheng Roseanne M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
ASASSN-14li is a recently discovered tidal disruption event with an exceptionally rich data set: spectra and lightcurves in soft X-rays, UV, optical, and radio. To understand its emission properties in all these bands, we have extended our model for post-tidal disruption accretion and photon production to estimate both soft X-ray radiation produced by the “prompt” accretion phase and synchrotron emission associated with the bow shock driven through an external medium by the unbound tidal debris, as well as optical and UV light. We find that fiducial values of the stellar mass (

) and black hole mass (

) yield quantitative agreement with the optical/UV luminosity, lightcurve, and color temperature; approximate agreement with the soft X-ray spectrum and lightcurve; and quantitative agreement with the radio luminosity, spectrum, and lightcurve. Equipartition analysis of the radio data implies that the radio-emitting region expands with a constant speed, and its magnitude is comparable to the speed expected for the unbound stellar ejecta. Both facts provide strong support to our model. We find that the disruption event took place in 2014 mid-September. Two independent parameters, the magnitude and logarithmic radial gradient of the ambient gas density near the black hole, must be fit to the data to explain the radio emission; their inferred values are comparable to those found near both Sgr A* and the TDE candidate Swift J1644.
LIGHT CURVES AND SPECTRA FROM A THERMONUCLEAR EXPLOSION OF A WHITE DWARF MERGER
Authors: van Rossum Daniel R. , Kashyap Rahul , Fisher Robert , Wollaeger Ryan T. , García-Berro Enrique , Aznar-Siguán Gabriela , Ji Suoqing , Lorén-Aguilar Pablo 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Double-degenerate (DD) mergers of carbon–oxygen white dwarfs have recently emerged as a leading candidate for normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). However, many outstanding questions surround DD mergers, including the characteristics of their light curves and spectra. We have recently identified a spiral instability in the post-merger phase of DD mergers and demonstrated that this instability self-consistently leads to detonation in some cases. We call this the spiral merger SN Ia model. Here, we utilize the SuperNu radiative transfer software to calculate three-dimensional synthetic light curves and spectra of the spiral merger simulation with a system mass of 2.1

from Kashyap et al. Because of their large system masses, both violent and spiral merger light curves are slowly declining. The spiral merger resembles very slowly declining SNe Ia, including SN 2001ay, and provides a more natural explanation for its observed properties than other SN Ia explosion models. Previous synthetic light curves and spectra of violent DD mergers demonstrate a strong dependence on viewing angle, which is in conflict with observations. Here, we demonstrate that the light curves and spectra of the spiral merger are less sensitive to the viewing angle than violent mergers, in closer agreement with observation. We find that the spatial distribution of 56Ni and IMEs follows a characteristic hourglass shape. We discuss the implications of the asymmetric distribution of 56Ni for the early-time gamma-ray observations of 56Ni from SN 2014J. We suggest that DD mergers that agree with the light curves and spectra of normal SNe Ia will likely require a lower system mass.
Analysis of Natural Toxins by Liquid Chromatography-Chemiluminescence Nitrogen Detection and Application to the Preparation of Certified Reference Materials
Authors: Thomas Krista , Wechsler Dominik , Chen Yi-Min , Crain Sheila , Quilliam Michael A 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The implementation of instrumental analytical methods such as LC-MS for routine monitoring of toxins requires the availability of accurate calibration standards. This is a challenge because many toxins are rare, expensive, dangerous to handle, and/or unstable, and simple gravimetric procedures are not reliable for establishing accurate concentrations in solution. NMR has served as one method of qualitative and quantitative characterization of toxin calibration solution Certified Reference Materials (CRMs). LC with chemiluminescence N detection (LC-CLND) was selected as a complementary method for comprehensive characterization of CRMs because it provides a molar response to N. Here we report on our investigation of LC-CLND as a method suitable for quantitative analysis of nitrogenous toxins. It was demonstrated that a wide range of toxins could be analyzed quantitatively by LC-CLND. Furthermore, equimolar responses among diverse structures were established and it was shown that a single high-purity standard such as caffeine could be used for instrument calibration. The limit of detection was approximately 0.6 ng N. Measurement of several of Canada's National Research Council toxin CRMs with caffeine as the calibrant showed precision averaging 2% RSD and accuracy ranging from 97 to 102%. Application of LC-CLND to the production of calibration solution CRMs and the establishment of traceability of measurement results are presented.
Development of Certified Reference Materials for Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins, Part 1: Calibration Solutions
Authors: Beach Daniel G , Crain Sheila , Lewis Nancy , LeBlanc Patricia , Hardstaff William R , Perez Ruth A , Giddings Sabrina D , Martinez-Farina Camilo F , Stefanova Roumiana , Burton Ian W , Kilcoyne Jane , Melanson Jeremy E , Quilliam Michael A , McCarron Pearse 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) and its analogs dinophysistoxins-1 (DTX1) and -2 (DTX2) are lipophilic polyethers produced by marine dinoflagellates. These toxins accumulate in shellfish and cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans. Regulatory testing of shellfish is essential to safeguard public health and for international trade. Certified reference materials (CRMs) play a key role in analytical monitoring programs. This paper presents an overview of the interdisciplinary work that went into the planning, production, and certification of calibration-solution CRMs for OA, DTX1, and DTX2. OA and DTX1 were isolated from large-scale algal cultures and DTX2 from naturally contaminated mussels. Toxins were isolated by a combination of extraction and chromatographic steps with processes adapted to suit the source and concentration of each toxin. New 19-epi-DSP toxin analogs were identified as minor impurities. Once OA, DTX1, and DTX2 were established to be of suitable purity, solutions were prepared and dispensed into flame-sealed glass ampoules. Certification measurements were carried out using quantitative NMR spectroscopy and LC-tandem MS. Traceability of measurements was established through certified external standards of established purity. Uncertainties were assigned following standards and guidelines from the International Organization for Standardization, with components from the measurement, stability, and homogeneity studies being propagated into final combined uncertainties.
Intracellular Zinc Excess as One of the Main Factors in the Etiology of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Vladimir Zaichick  , Sofia Zaichick  , Sinclair Wynchank  
Published: August 2016

Numerous studies show that prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) drastically increases with age, these malignant tumours are mainly formed in the peripheral zone of the prostate gland, and a high intake of red meat is associated with a statistically significant elevation in risk of PCa. The factors which cause all these well-specified features of the PCa are currently unclear. Here we describe one factor which can play an important role in etiology of malignant transformation of the prostate and is connected with the above-mentioned features of PCa. It is hypothesized that the prostatic intracellular Zn concentrations are probably one of the most important factors in the etiology of PCa. For an endorsement of our standpoint the estimation of changes of intracellular Zn concentrations over males lifespan was obtained using morphometric and Zn content data for the peripheral zone of prostate tissue, as well as Zn concentration in prostatic fluid. It was shown that the Zn concentrations in prostatic cells for men aged over 45 years are 10-fold higher than in those aged 18 to 30 years and this excessive accumulation of Zn may disturb the cells functions, resulting in cellular degeneration, death or malignant transformation.We hypothesize this excessive intracellular Zn concentration in cells of the prostate gland periphery has previously unrecognized and most important consequences, associated with PCa.
Anthropogenic and climate‐driven water depletion in Asia
Authors: Yi Shuang , Sun Wenke , Feng Wei , Chen Jianli 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAnthropogenic depletion of terrestrial water storage (TWS) can be alleviated in wet years and intensified in dry years, and this wet/dry pattern spanning seasons to years is termed climate variability. However, the anthropogenic and climate‐driven changes have not been isolated in previous studies; thus, the estimated trend of changes in TWS is strongly dependent on the study period. Here we try to remove the influence of climate variability from the estimation of the anthropogenic contribution, which is an indicator of the environmental burden and important for TWS projections. Toward this end, we propose a linear relationship between the variation in water storage and precipitation. Factors related to the sensitivity of water storage to precipitation are given to correct for the climate variability, and the anthropogenic depletion of terrestrial water and groundwater in Asia is estimated to be −187 ± 38 Gt/yr and −100 ± 47 Gt/yr, respectively.
Poroelastic stress triggering of the December 2013 Crooked Lake, Alberta, induced seismicity sequence
Authors: Deng Kai , Liu Yajing , Harrington Rebecca M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Crooked Lake area in Central Alberta, Canada, became seismically active in December 2013 with a sequence of earthquakes Mw 2.0 and higher. The earthquakes are suspected to be induced by hydraulic fracturing in nearby horizontal wells due to their strong spatiotemporal correlation. To investigate the physical mechanism of the induced seismicity near Crooked Lake, we calculate stress and pore pressure perturbations resulting from high‐rate multistage fluid injection in the framework of linear poroelasticity. The calculated perturbations are used for seismic risk analysis based on the Coulomb failure criterion. Results show that most seismicity is within a positive Coulomb stress change regime, indicating that failure is promoted by injection of fluid. By comparing Coulomb stress results for different parameter settings, we show that elastic response of the solid matrix, instead of fluid diffusion, is more likely the dominant factor for the induced earthquakes shortly after fluid injection.