bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into the origin and the genetic status of the Balkan donkey from Serbia
Authors: Stanisic L. J. , Aleksic J. M. , Dimitrijevic V. , Simeunovic P. , Glavinic U. , Stevanovic J. , Stanimirovic Z. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe Balkan donkey (Equus asinus L.) is commonly regarded as a large‐sized, unselected, unstructured and traditionally managed donkey breed. We assessed the current genetic status of the three largest E. asinus populations in the central Balkans (Serbia) by analysing the variability of nuclear microsatellites and the mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region of 77 and 49 individuals respectively. We further analysed our mtDNA dataset along with 209 published mtDNA sequences of ancient and modern individuals from 19 European and African populations to provide new insights into the origin and the history of the Balkan donkey. Serbian donkey populations are highly genetically diverse at both the nuclear and mtDNA levels despite severe population decline. Traditional Balkan donkeys in Serbia are rather heterogeneous; we found two groups of individuals with similar phenotypic features, somewhat distinct nuclear backgrounds and different proportions of mtDNA haplotypes belonging to matrilineal Clades 1 and 2. Another group, characterized by larger body size, different coat colour, distinct nuclear gene pool and predominantly Clade 2 haplotypes, was delineated as the Banat donkey breed. The maternal landscape of the large Balkan donkey population is highly heterogeneous and more complex than previously thought. Given the two independent domestication events in donkeys, multiple waves of introductions into the Balkans from Greece are hypothesized. Clade 2 donkeys probably appeared in Greece prior to those belonging to Clade 1, whereas expansion and diversification of Clade 1 donkeys within the Balkans predated that of Clade 2 donkeys.
Metastatic triple negative breast cancer: Optimizing treatment options, new and emerging targeted therapies
Authors: Khosravi‐Shahi Parham , Cabezón‐Gutiérrez Luis , Custodio‐Cabello Sara 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease, not only on the molecular level, but also on the pathologic and clinical levels. It also has a distinct epidemiology. TNBCs are frequently of high histologic grade, typically more aggressive and difficult to treat than hormone receptor‐positive tumors, and they are associated with a higher risk of early relapse with visceral metastasis after surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression precludes the use of targeted therapies in advanced stages, and the only approved systemic treatment option is chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab. In patients with advanced TNBC, responses to chemotherapy occur, but are often of short duration and it is associated with poor prognosis. The median overall survival for patients with metastatic TNBC is about 9–12 months with conventional cytotoxic agents. Given the suboptimal outcomes with chemotherapy, new targeted therapies for TNBC are urgently needed. This review summarizes the clinical efficacy, perspectives and future challenges of using new treatment options for metastatic TNBC, such as poly‐ADP‐ribose‐polymerase inhibitors, antiandrogen therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (antiprogrammed death receptor‐1/PD‐L1 monoclonal antibodies).
Missing teeth: Discordances in the trade of hippo ivory between Africa and Hong Kong
Authors: Andersson Alexandra , Gibson Luke 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs the global epicentre of wildlife trade, Hong Kong plays an important role in the preservation or demise of biodiversity, including species found continents away. If mismanaged, legal trade in threatened species can lead to unsustainable exploitation. Inaccurate and incomplete trade records from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) undermine the regulation of this trade. We examine the trade of hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius) teeth to illustrate the extent of mismatched data between key trading nations. More than 90% of global hippo teeth trade is imported to, and re‐exported from, Hong Kong. Of that imported, over 75% originated in Tanzania or Uganda, but there are notable disparities in declared trade volumes. In most transactions, Hong Kong declares more volume imported than the volume declared exported by Uganda. Overall, Hong Kong has reported the import of 3,176 kg more hippo teeth than declared exported by Tanzania. This indicates that actual trade levels may exceed internationally agreed quotas. In total, over 14,000 kg of hippo teeth is unaccounted for between Uganda and Hong Kong, representing more than 2,700 individual hippos—2% of the global population. This gross discordance in trade data undermines regulatory measures and challenges the persistence of hippo populations in Africa.
Rural health service managers' perspectives on preparing rural health services for climate change
Authors: Purcell Rachael , McGirr Joe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine health service managers' (HSMs) recommendations on strengthening the health service response to climate change.DesignSelf‐administered survey in paper or electronic format.SettingRural south‐west of New South Wales.ParticipantsHealth service managers working in rural remote metropolitan areas 3–7.Main outcome measuresProportion of respondents identifying preferred strategies for preparation of rural health services for climate change.ResultsThere were 43 participants (53% response rate). Most respondents agreed that there is scepticism regarding climate change among health professionals (70%, n = 30) and community members (72%, n = 31). Over 90% thought that climate change would impact the health of rural populations in the future with regard to heat‐related illnesses, mental health, skin cancer and water security. Health professionals and government were identified as having key leadership roles on climate change and health in rural communities. Over 90% of the respondents believed that staff and community in local health districts (LHDs) should be educated about the health impacts of climate change. Public health education facilitated by State or Federal Government was the preferred method of educating community members, and education facilitated by the LHD was the preferred method for educating health professionals.ConclusionsHealth service managers hold important health leadership roles within rural communities and their health services. The study highlights the scepticism towards climate change among health professionals and community members in rural Australia. It identifies the important role of rural health services in education and advocacy on the health impacts of climate change and identifies recommended methods of public health education for community members and health professionals.
Comparison and interpretability of the available urticaria activity scores
Authors: Hawro T. , Ohanyan T. , Schoepke N. , Metz M. , Peveling‐Oberhag A. , Staubach P. , Maurer M. , Weller K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe urticaria activity score (UAS) is the gold standard for assessing disease activity in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Two different versions, the UAS7 and UAS7TD, are currently used in clinical trials and routine care. To compare both versions and to obtain data on their interpretability, 130 CSU patients applied both versions and globally rated their disease activity as none, mild, moderate, or severe. UAS7 and UAS7TD values correlated strongly (r = .90, P < .001). Interquartile ranges for UAS7 and UAS7TD values for mild, moderate, and severe CSU were 11‐20 and 10‐24, 16‐30 and 16‐32, and 27‐37 and 28‐40. UAS7 values were slightly, but significantly lower as compared to UAS7TD values (mean difference: 1.6 ± 4.6, P < .001). This difference was driven by lower wheal subscores (2.1 ± 3.5, P < .001) and was most pronounced in patients with severe CSU (2.5 ± 5.6, P < .01). The UAS7/UAS7TD ratio was 0.96 ± 0.21 and did not differ significantly between mild, moderate, and severe CSU. Since the results of both UAS versions are comparable, we recommend the use of the UAS7, which is less burdensome in administration and scoring.
Ilizarov technique and limited surgical methods for correction of post‐traumatic talipes equinovarus in children
Authors: Wang Xiao Jian , Chang Feng , Su Yunxing , Chen Bin , Song Jie‐Fu , Wei Xiao‐Chun , Wei Lei 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using Ilizarov invasive distraction technique combined with limited surgical operations in the treatment of post‐traumatic talipes equinovarus in children.MethodsEighteen cases of post‐traumatic deformed feet in 15 patients who received the treatment of Ilizarov frame application, limited soft‐tissue release or osteotomy were selected in this study. After removal of the frame, an ankle–foot orthosis was used continuously for another 6–12 months. Pre‐ and post‐operatively, the International Clubfoot Study Group (ICFSG) score was employed to evaluate the gait and range of motion of the ankle joint. Radiographical assessment was also conducted.ResultsPatients were followed up for 22 (17–32) months. Ilizarov frame was applied for a mean duration of 5.5 (4–9) months. When it was removed, the gait was improved significantly in all the patients. The correction time was 6–8 weeks for patients who underwent soft‐tissue release and 8–12 weeks for those with bone osteotomy. At the last follow‐up assessment, the differences between pre‐ and post‐operative plantar‐flexion angle, dorsiflexion, motion of ankle joint and talocalcaneal angle were significant (all P < 0.05). The observed complications included wire‐hole infection in one foot, toe contracture in one, residual deformity in three, recurrence of deformity in two and spastic ischaemia in one foot.ConclusionOur findings suggest that Ilizarov technique combined with limited surgical operation can be considered as an efficient and successful method for correction of post‐traumatic talipes equinovarus in children.
Sequence variants in ESR1 and OXTR are associated with Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Küster‐Hauser syndrome
Authors: Brucker Sara Yvonne , Frank Liliane , Eisenbeis Simone , Henes Melanie , Wallwiener Diethelm , Riess Olaf , van Eijck Barbara , Schöller Dorit , Bonin Michael , Rall Kristin Katharina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionMayer‐Rokitansky‐Küster‐Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) is characterized by congenital absence of the uterus and the upper two‐thirds of the vagina in otherwise phenotypically normal females. It is found isolated or associated with renal, skeletal and other malformations. Despite ongoing research, the etiology is mainly unknown. For a long time, the hypothesis of deficient hormone receptors as the cause for MRKHS has existed, supported by previous findings of our group. The aim of the present study was to identify unknown genetic causes for MRKHS and to compare them with data banks including a review of the literature.Material and methodsDNA sequence analysis of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and estrogen receptor‐1 gene (ESR1) was performed in a group of 93 clinically well‐defined patients with uterovaginal aplasia (68 with the isolated form and 25 with associated malformations).ResultsIn total, we detected three OXTR variants in 18 MRKHS patients with one leading to a missense mutation, and six ESR1 variants in 21 MRKHS patients, two of these causing amino acid changes and therefore potentially disease.ConclusionsThe identified variants on DNA level might impair receptor function through different molecular mechanisms. Mutations of ESR1 and OXTR are associated with MRKHS. Thus, we consider these genes potential candidates associated with the manifestation of MRKHS.
Adjustable mini‐sling compared with conventional mid‐urethral slings in women with urinary incontinence. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rudnicki Martin , von Bothmer‐Ostling Katarina , Holstad Anja , Magnusson Claes , Majida Memona , Merkel Constanze , Prien Jens , Jakobsson Ulf , Teleman Pia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe primary aim of this study was to compare the objective and subjective outcomes and short‐term complication rates of an adjustable single‐incision mini‐sling (SIMS) vs. standard mid‐urethral slings (SMUS). The secondary aim was to report pain perception and complications at the one‐year follow up.Material and methodsThe study was designed as a multicenter prospective randomized trial where women were included from eight centers in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01754558. A total of 305 women less than 60 years old with verified stress urinary incontinence were included. All women were randomized to SIMS (Ajust®; n = 155) or SMUS (TVT, TVT‐O or TOT; n = 150) and were evaluated by stress test and bladder diary before and after surgery and symptoms related to incontinence using ICIQ‐SF, PISQ‐12 and PGI‐S and PGI‐I. Objective cure was defined as no leakage during a stress test and subjective cure defined as no leakage stated in the bladder diary or no indication of urinary leakage in the ICIQ‐SF. Furthermore, mesh exposure and dyspareunia were recorded.ResultsIn total, 280 women [141 (91%) in the SIMS and 139 (94%) in the SMUS groups] participated in the one‐year follow up. No difference between the groups was observed regarding objective and subjective outcomes. VAS score disclosed a lower postoperative pain perception in the SIMS group than in the SMUS group.ConclusionsAjust® appears to be as efficient as SMUS regarding objective and subjective outcomes and was associated with less pain perception during the postoperative period.
La gouvernance des organisations de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire à l’épreuve dynamique de leurs « Grandeurs »
Authors: BOUILLÉ Julien , CORNÉE Simon 
Published: August 2017

RÉSUMÉCet article propose d’étudier, au plan théorique, les différentes logiques institutionnelles en concurrence dans les organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire (OESS). Nous mobilisons dans cette perspective le modèle des Economies de la Grandeur de Boltanski et Thévenot (1987, 1991). Le caractère novateur de notre recherche réside moins dans l'identification des principales conventions qui modèlent la gouvernance des OESS que dans l'examen des conflits et des compromis possibles entre chacune de ces « cités ». Notre analyse souligne tout d'abord que la « compétition » de plusieurs conventions au sein des OESS génère des tensions organisationnelles difficiles à résoudre. Nous montrons ensuite que l'atteinte d'un compromis, en plus d’être éphémère, comporte un risque d'exclusion d'une « cité » qui peut conduire à une fragilisation de la gouvernance des OESS. Au final, nous traçons des perspectives de dépassement de ce risque en exposant différentes stratégies organisationnelles susceptibles de cadrer la gouvernance des OESS sans en altérer leurs identités, ni leurs « grandeurs » multiples.Mots clés: Economie sociale et solidaire, gouvernance, Economies de la Grandeur, logiques institutionnelles, cités
Pharmacokinetic interactions and dosing rationale for antiepileptic drugs in adults and children
Authors: van Dijkman Sven C. , Rauwé Willem M. , Danhof Meindert , Della Pasqua Oscar 
Published: August 2017

AimsPopulation pharmacokinetic modelling has been widely used across many therapeutic areas to identify sources of variability, which are incorporated into models as covariate factors. Despite numerous publications on pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), such data are not used to support the dose rationale for polytherapy in the treatment of epileptic seizures. Here we assess the impact of DDIs on plasma concentrations and evaluate the need for AED dose adjustment.MethodsModels describing the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, valproic acid and zonisamide in adult and paediatric patients were collected from the published literature and implemented in NONMEM v7.2. Taking current clinical practice into account, we explore simulation scenarios to characterize AED exposure in virtual patients receiving mono‐ and polytherapy. Steady‐state, maximum and minimum concentrations were selected as parameters of interest for this analysis.ResultsOur simulations show that DDIs can cause major changes in AED concentrations both in adults and children. When more than one AED is used, even larger changes are observed in the concentrations of the primary drug, leading to significant differences in steady‐state concentration between mono‐ and polytherapy for most AEDs. These results suggest that currently recommended dosing algorithms and titration procedures do not ensure attainment of appropriate therapeutic concentrations.ConclusionsThe effect of DDIs on AED exposure cannot be overlooked. Clinical guidelines must consider such covariate effects and ensure appropriate dosing recommendations for adult and paediatric patients who require combination therapy.
Proximal Neuropathy and Associated Skeletal Muscle Changes Resembling Denervation Atrophy in Hindlimbs of Chronic Hypoglycaemic Rats
Authors: Jensen Vivi F. H. , Molck Anne‐Marie , Soeborg Henrik , Nowak Jette , Chapman Melissa , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Bogh Ingrid B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetic hyperglycaemia. Insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia (IIH) might potentially exacerbate or contribute to neuropathy as hypoglycaemia also causes peripheral neuropathy. In rats, IIH induces neuropathy associated with skeletal muscle changes. Aims of this study were to investigate the progression and sequence of histopathologic changes caused by chronic IIH in rat peripheral nerves and skeletal muscle, and whether such changes were reversible. Chronic IIH was induced by infusion of human insulin, followed by an infusion‐free recovery period in some of the animals. Sciatic, plantar nerves and thigh muscle were examined histopathologically after four or eight weeks of infusion and after the recovery period. IIH resulted in high incidence of axonal degeneration in sciatic nerves and low incidence in plantar nerves indicating proximo‐distal progression of the neuropathy. The neuropathy progressed in severity (sciatic nerve) and incidence (sciatic and plantar nerve) with the duration of IIH. The myopathy consisted of groups of angular atrophic myofibres which resembled histopathologic changes classically seen after denervation of skeletal muscle, and severity of the myofibre atrophy correlated with severity of axonal degeneration in sciatic nerve. Both neuropathy and myopathy were still present after four weeks of recovery, although the neuropathy was less severe. In conclusion, the results suggest that peripheral neuropathy induced by IIH progresses proximo‐distally, that severity and incidence increase with duration of the hypoglycaemia and that these changes are partially reversible within four weeks. Furthermore, IIH‐induced myopathy is most likely secondary to the neuropathy.
The last deglaciation of the Norwegian Channel – geomorphology, stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating
Authors: Morén Björn M. , Sejrup Hans Petter , Hjelstuen Berit O. , Borge Marianne V. , Schäuble Cathrina 
Published: August 2017

Based on high‐resolution TOPAS acoustic data, bathymetric data sets and sediment cores from the Norwegian Channel, the last retreat of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream has been investigated. Mapping of ice‐marginal features such as grounding‐zone wedges and terminal moraines off western Norway suggest that the retreat of the grounding line in this part of the channel was interrupted by frequent stillstands, whereas the channel south of the threshold at Jæren does not have crossing ice‐marginal landforms. Three main seismic units have been identified, and, based on their seismic characteristics, in addition to study of sediment cores, these units are interpreted as till (U1), glacial marine sediment (U2) and Holocene hemipelagic sediment (U3). Based on new and published radiocarbon dates of the lower part of U2, combined with dates from the adjacent areas, it is concluded that the grounding line started to retreat from the shelf edge at about 19 ka and that the inner part of Skagerrak was ice free at 17.6 ka. This gives an average retreat rate of 450 m a−1, which is generally higher than mean retreat rates estimated for other palaeo‐ice streams (15–310 m a−1).
Holocene development and permafrost history in sub‐arctic peatlands in Tavvavuoma, northern Sweden
Authors: Sannel Anna Britta Kristina , Hempel Liljen , Kessler Alexander , Pr≐skienis Vilmantas 
Published: August 2017

Under changing climatic conditions permafrost peatlands can play an important role in the global carbon budget through permafrost carbon feedbacks and shifts in carbon assimilation. To better predict future dynamics in these ecosystems an increased understanding of their Holocene carbon and permafrost history is needed. In Tavvavuoma, northern Sweden, we have performed detailed analyses of vegetation succession and geochemical properties at six permafrost peatland sites. Peatland initiation took place around 10 000 to 9600 cal. a BP, soon after retreat of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, and the peatlands have remained permafrost‐free fens throughout most of the Holocene. At the four sites that showed a continuous accumulation record during the late Holocene radiocarbon dating of the shift from wet fen to dry bog vegetation, characteristic of the present permafrost peatland surface, suggests that permafrost developed at around 600–100 cal. a BP. At the other two sites peat accumulation was halted during the late Holocene, possibly due to abrasion, making it more difficult to imply the timing of permafrost aggradation. However also at these sites there are no indications of permafrost inception prior to the Little Ice Age. The mean long‐term Holocene carbon accumulation rate at all six sites was 12.3±2.4 gC m−2 a−1 (±SD), and the mean soil organic carbon storage was 114±27 kg m−2.