bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EndoClot Polysaccharide Hemostatic System in Nonvariceal Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Preiß Jan C. , Barmeyer Christian , Bürgel Nataly , Daum Severin , Epple Hans-Jörg , Günther Ute , Maul Jochen , Siegmund Britta , Schumann Michael , Tröger Hanno , Stroux Andrea , Adler Andreas , Veltzke-Schlieker Winfried , Jürgensen Christian , Wentrup Robert , Wiedenmann Bertram , Binkau Jana , Hartmann Dirk , Nötzel Ellen , Domagk Dirk , Wacke Wolfram , Wahnschaffe Ulrich , Bojarski Christian 
Published: August 2016

Background and Study Aims:
Hemostatic powders have been introduced to improve the management of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and to extend the variety of tools available for emergency endoscopy. The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate the indication profiles and the short-term outcome of EndoClot.

Patients, Materials and Methods:
In a prospective observational pilot study patients with acute nonvariceal GI bleeding were included. Primary or secondary application of EndoClot was assessed. Hemoglobin, prothrombine time and platelets were documented before and after hemostasis. The efficacy of EndoClot was assessed 72 hours and 1 week after application.

Results:
Seventy patients with acute GI bleeding were recruited into the study. Eighty-three percent (58/70) of the patients had upper and 17% (12/70) had lower GI bleeding. In the upper GI tract treatment success was achieved in 64% (30/47, 95% confidence interval, 50%-76%) after primary use and in all patients, when used after established techniques had failed (95% confidence interval, 70%-100%). In lower GI bleeding hemostasis was achieved in 83% of cases (10/12, 95% confidence interval 54%-97%). Rebleeding occurred in 11% (8/70), in 10% EndoClot served as a bridge to surgery (7/70).

Conclusions:
EndoClot expanded the therapeutic options in the management of GI bleeding. It was applicable as a monotherapy or in combination with other techniques from oozing bleeding type or lower. It was most effective in diffuse or extensive bleeding activity or when access to the bleeding vessel was difficult. EndoClot can be applied as a bridge to surgery when classical methods of hemostasis have failed.
The Role of Stem Cell Therapeutics in Wound Healing: Current Understanding and Future Directions
Authors: Sorice Sarah , Rustad Kristine C. , Li Alexander Y , Gurtner Geoffrey C. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Chronic wounds present unique challenges for healthcare providers as they place patients at increased risk for various morbidities and mortality. Advances in wound care technology have expanded the treatment options available for wound management, but few products fully address the underlying core deficiencies responsible for the development of poorly healing wounds. In the future, addressing these derangements will undoubtedly play a key role in the treatment of these patients. Broad enthusiasm has surrounded the field of stem cell biology, which has shown great promise in repairing damaged tissues across numerous disease phenotypes.Methods:In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature and evaluate the present landscape of wound therapeutics while discussing the rationales and allure behind stem cell–based products. We further propose 2 challenges that remain as new stem cell–based therapies are being developed and as this technology moves toward clinical translation.Results:Given the relatively young age of this newer technology in wound healing, numerous challenges continue to surround its effective use including identifying the ideal population of stem cells to use and determining the optimal cell delivery method. However, significant forward progress has been made, with several clinical trials beginning to demonstrate reliable clinical benefit.Conclusion:The upward trajectory of stem cell technologies provides an exciting opportunity to positively impact patient outcomes through the controlled application of regenerative cell–based therapy.
Cutaneous Imaging Technologies in Acute Burn and Chronic Wound Care
Authors: Sen Chandan K. , Ghatak Subhadip , Gnyawali Surya C. , Roy Sashwati , Gordillo Gayle M. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Wound assessment relies on visual evaluation by physicians. Such assessment is largely subjective and presents the opportunity to explore the use of emergent technologies.

Methods:
Emergent and powerful noninvasive imaging technologies applicable to assess burn and chronic wounds are reviewed.

Results:
The need to estimate wound depth is critical in both chronic wound and burn injury settings. Harmonic ultrasound technology is powerful to study wound depth. It addresses the limitations of optical imaging with limited depth of penetration. What if a wound appears epithelialized by visual inspection, which shows no discharge yet is covered by repaired skin that lacks barrier function? In this case although the wound is closed as defined by current standards, it remains functionally open, presenting the risk of infection and other postclosure complications. Thus, assessment of skin barrier function is valuable in the context of assessing wound closure. Options for the study of tissue vascularization are many. If noncontact and noninvasive criteria are of importance, laser speckle imaging is powerful. Fluorescence imaging is standard in several clinical settings and is likely to serve the wound clinics well as long as indocyanine green injection is not of concern. A major advantage of harmonic ultrasound imaging of wound depth is that the same system is capable of providing information on blood flow dynamics in arterial perforators.

Conclusion:
With many productive imaging platforms to choose from, wound care is about to be transformed by technology that would help assess wound severity.
Brief Report: Factors Associated With the Selection of Initial Antiretroviral Therapy From 2009 to 2012
Authors: Saag Michael S. , Westfall Andrew O. , Cole Stephen R. , Mathews William C. , Drozd Daniel R. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Burkholder Greer A. , Kitahata Mari , Maiese Eric M. ,   for the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS)
Published: August 2016

Abstract:
We examined factors associated with selection of initial antiretroviral regimen in the CNICS cohort. Patients initiating antiretroviral therapy between July 2009 and December 2012 were classified as receiving a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-, boosted protease inhibitor (PI)-, or raltegravir-based regimen. Among 873 patients initiating antiretroviral therapy, 488 regimens contained an NNRTI, 319 a boosted PI, and 66 raltegravir. Patients with depression and women were less likely to receive an NNRTI, whereas those with underlying cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and those coinfected with hepatitis C were more likely to receive raltegravir. Those with baseline viral load >100,000 c/ml and those with substance use were more likely to receive a boosted PI. Thus, in the “real world,” ARV regimen choices appear to take into account adverse effects and patient baseline characteristics. Factors that impact initial regimen selection will likely become more heterogeneous over time as more choices for HIV therapy become available.
High Treatment Success Rates Among HIV-Infected Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients After Expansion of Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana, 2006–2013
Authors: Shin Sanghyuk S. , Modongo Chawangwa , Boyd Rosanna , Caiphus Cynthia , Kuate Lesego , Kgwaadira Botshelo , Zetola Nicola M. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Few studies have examined multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes among HIV-infected persons after widespread expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We describe MDR-TB treatment outcomes among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients in Botswana after ART expansion.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed data from patients who started MDR-TB therapy in Botswana during 2006–2013. Multivariable regression models were used to compare treatment outcomes between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients.

Results:
We included 588 MDR-TB patients in the analysis, of whom, 47 (8.0%) and 9 (1.5%) were diagnosed with pre-extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB and XDR-TB, respectively. Of the 408 (69.4%) HIV-infected patients, 352 (86.0%) were on ART or started ART during treatment, and median baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 234 cells/mm3. Treatment success rates were 79.4% and 73.0% among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected patients, respectively (P = 0.121). HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T-cell count <100 cells/mm3 were more likely to die during treatment compared with HIV-uninfected patients (adjusted risk ratio = 1.890; 95% CI: 1.098 to 3.254).

Conclusions:
High rates of treatment success were achieved with programmatic management of MDR-TB and HIV in Botswana after widespread expansion of ART. However, a 2-fold increase in mortality was observed among HIV-infected persons with baseline CD4+ <100 cells/mm3 compared with HIV-uninfected persons.
Rheumatologists’ Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression
Authors: Heiman Erica , Kravitz Richard L. , Wise Barton L. 
Published: August 2016

Objective
We examined rheumatologists’ approaches to and perceptions of depression in everyday practice.

Methods
A questionnaire was mailed to 470 practicing rheumatologists in California; 226 were included in the final analyses. Respondents provided information on demographics, practice characteristics, and attitudes, perceptions, and practices related to depression. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the relationship of rheumatologists’ personal and practice characteristics with their depression-related practices.

Results
Fifty-one percent of respondents reported that at least half of their patients had depression. Nearly all providers (99%) reported addressing mental health issues during some visits. Rheumatologists were about equally likely to prescribe antidepressants, refer to a psychiatrist, or return the patient to the primary care physician, with roughly 60% often applying each of the 3 strategies. Respondents identified access to services and patients’ resistance to mental health diagnoses as major barriers to effective depression management. In logistic regression models, greater number of patient visits per week, greater percentage of patients with fibromyalgia, and private practice setting were associated with more prescription of antidepressants (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Depression is common in rheumatologic practice, yet systems for identification, treatment, and referral of depressed patients are not universal. Rheumatologists’ awareness of the need for mental health services is high, but they may lack the confidence, time, and/or referral networks to provide consistently effective care for depressed patients. Improving depression care in rheumatology may require a combination of clinician-level interventions (e.g., enhanced behavioral health training) and practice-level reforms (e.g., collaborative care).
Role of Ultrasonography in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Oo Win Min , Bo Myat Thae 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Ultrasound has become popular among rheumatologists as the first-choice imaging investigation for the evaluation and monitoring of osteoarthritis (OA). Because of recent improvement in technology, ultrasound has the ability to demonstrate and assess the minimal structural abnormalities, which involve the pathophysiology and progression of OA, such as articular cartilage, synovial tissue, bony cortex, and other soft tissue. Nowadays, ultrasonography is a promising technique for assessing soft tissue abnormalities such as joint effusion, synovial hypertrophy, Baker cyst, and other structural changes including the decrease in cartilage thickness, meniscus bulging, and formation of osteophyte. Ultrasonography not only possesses diagnostic potential in knee OA but also reveals long-term predictability for disease progress as imaging biomarker. Ultrasonography has also been proven as a useful tool in guiding therapeutic interventions and monitoring treatment effectiveness. This review addresses the utility, reliability, and potential utilization of ultrasonography as an imaging technique in knee OA.
A Pilot Study of Strain Elastography in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Martin Matthew J. , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
Strain elastography that uses the body's cardiorespiratory pulsations to determine tissue stiffness (referred to here as “ambient strain elastography”) has not been previously described for the assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this study is to assess the reliability of ultrasonographic ambient strain elastography in the evaluation of CTS and compare median nerve stiffness between patients and healthy controls.

Methods:
Ambient strain elastography was used to examine the wrists of 17 patients and 26 controls in cross-sectional and longitudinal views, twice by two observers. The strain ratio between the median nerve and nearby tendons was obtained and tested for intrarater and interrater reliability and differences between patients and healthy controls.

Results:
Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were strong, even for the less experienced rater (lowest r = 0.566, highest r = 0.905; P < 0.001 for all comparisons). No significant difference in strain ratio between those with CTS and controls was detected (cross-sectional image P = 0.32; longitudinal image P = 0.20). Strain ratio did not correlate significantly with traditional ultrasound measures of CTS (lowest P = 0.26) but did correlate significantly with body mass index if obtained from cross-sectional images (r = 0.346; P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
This strain elastography method is reliable but does not show changes in median nerve stiffness with CTS. Body mass index may influence elastography and further studies should be conducted to clarify this relationship.
Effects of the March 2015 solar eclipse on near-surface atmospheric electricity
Authors: Bennett A. J. 
Published: August 2016

Measurements of atmospheric electrical and standard meteorological parameters were made at coastal and inland sites in southern England during the 20 March 2015 partial solar eclipse. Clear evidence of a reduction in air temperature resulting from the eclipse was found at both locations, despite one of them being overcast during the entire eclipse. The reduction in temperature was expected to affect the near-surface electric field (potential gradient (PG)) through a reduction in turbulent transfer of space charge. No such effect could be unambiguously confirmed, however, with variability in PG and air–Earth current during the eclipse being comparable to pre- and post-eclipse conditions. The already low solar radiation for this latitude, season and time of day was likely to have contributed to the reduced effect of the eclipse on atmospheric electricity through boundary layer stability. The absence of a reduction in mean PG shortly after time of maximum solar obscuration, as observed during eclipses at lower geomagnetic latitude, implied that there was no significant change in atmospheric ionization from cosmic rays above background variability. This finding was suggested to be due to the relative importance of cosmic rays of solar and galactic origin at geomagnetic mid-latitudes.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Atmospheric effects of solar eclipses stimulated by the 2015 UK eclipse’.
Subcortical volume and white matter integrity abnormalities in major depressive disorder: findings from UK Biobank imaging data
Authors: Shen Xueyi , Reus Lianne M. , Cox Simon R. , Adams Mark J. , Liewald David C. , Bastin Mark E. , Smith Daniel J. , Deary Ian J. , Whalley Heather C. , McIntosh Andrew M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPrevious reports of altered grey and white matter structure in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have been inconsistent. Recent meta-analyses have, however, reported reduced hippocampal grey matter volume in MDD and reduced white matter integrity in several brain regions. The use of different diagnostic criteria, scanners and imaging sequences may, however, obscure further anatomical differences. In this study, we tested for differences in subcortical grey matter volume (n=1157) and white matter integrity (n=1089) between depressed individuals and controls in the subset of 8590 UK Biobank Imaging study participants who had undergone depression assessments. Whilst we found no significant differences in subcortical volumes, significant reductions were found in depressed individuals versus controls in global white matter integrity, as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) (β=-0.182, p=0.005). We also found reductions in FA in association/commissural fibres (β=-0.184, pcorrected=0.010) and thalamic radiations (β=-0.159, pcorrected=0.020). Tract-specific FA reductions were also found in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (β=-0.194, pcorrected=0.025), superior thalamic radiation (β=-0.224, pcorrected=0.009) and forceps major (β=-0.193, pcorrected=0.025) in depression (all betas standardised). Our findings provide further evidence for disrupted white matter integrity in MDD.
Ordinary Differential Equations in Cancer Biology
Authors: Chapman Margaret P. , Tomlin Claire J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOrdinary differential equations (ODEs) provide a classical framework to model the dynamics of biological systems, given temporal experimental data. Qualitative analysis of the ODE model can lead to further biological insight and deeper understanding compared to traditional experiments alone. Simulation of the model under various perturbations can generate novel hypotheses and motivate the design of new experiments. This short paper will provide an overview of the ODE modeling framework, and present examples of how ODEs can be used to address problems in cancer biology.
“Authentic Alignment” – a new framework of entrepreneurship education
Authors: Macht Stephanie Alexandra , Ball Steve 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper seeks to address an underdeveloped aspect of entrepreneurship education (EE), which is still criticised for not explicitly linking educational practice with established educational theory. As such, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel educational framework – Authentic Alignment – that the authors evolved based on their own EE practice, as well as two major educational theories.

Design/methodology/approach
A review of a range of conceptual educational frameworks in EE revealed a gap in the current literature, referring to the fact that practice is not sufficiently linked to sound educational theory. The paper combines a range of educational theories – predominantly Constructive Alignment (CA) and Authenticity – to develop a novel conceptual framework, termed “Authentic Alignment”. The discussion of Authentic Alignment draws upon EE literature, as well as student feedback and the reflections and experiences of the practitioners and academics involved in delivering a higher education unit underpinned by Authentic Alignment.

Findings
It is argued that Authentic Alignment coherently and explicitly links educational practice to major established educational theories and as such presents a valuable approach to education through entrepreneurship as it aligns authentic approaches to instruction, learning and assessment that strike a balance between resembling and being relevant for real entrepreneurial activity.

Practical implications
The paper invites educators to draw upon Authentic Alignment for their own entrepreneurship units/programmes by customising the specific approaches to their own requirements, while retaining the underlying principle of constructively aligned authentic education.

Originality/value
By explicitly linking EE to CA and Authenticity, this paper introduces a novel educational framework that provides a valuable structure for education through entrepreneurship. The customisability of Authentic Alignment, however, suggests a wider applicability and is thus valuable also for education about and for entrepreneurship.
University-industry linkages in developing countries: perceived effect on innovation
Authors: Vaaland Terje I. , Ishengoma Esther 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the perceptions of both universities and the resource-extractive companies on the influence of university-industry linkages (UILs) on innovation in a developing country.Design/methodology/approachA total of 404 respondents were interviewed. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression models were applied to analyse the data.FindingsThe findings revealed significant differences between the three informant groups across the three main groups of linkage activities. The industry informants consider all three groups of UILs important for enhancing innovation, in terms of bringing student closer to the industry. The faculty members consider consultancy and research arrangements more important than collaboration, in training and educational activities. The student perceptions on all UIL activities were relatively weak on UIL activities as a vehicle to improve innovation.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the findings, it seems that the universities should take advantage of a positive attitude among industrial actors and intensify efforts to develop UILs.Practical implicationsThe research can be used for sharpen international oil companies effort towards universities in petroleum rich developing countries.Social implicationsImplications for policymakers and universities in developing countries, and for the local industrial base. In a broad sense the UIL stimulated innovation has implications on poverty reduction in natural resource-rich host countries.Originality/valueResearch on UILs in developing countries is rare, particularly in a context in which international companies are faced with host country expectations and legal requirements to invest in knowledge sector and local industry.
Putting “entrepreneurial finance education” on the map
Authors: Macht Stephanie Alexandra 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to bring attention to “entrepreneurial finance education”, an aspect of entrepreneurship education that is widely taught but neglected by the educational literature. It does so by exploring how social capital, a key resource for entrepreneurs, can be incorporated into entrepreneurial finance education.

Design/methodology/approach
By drawing upon social capital literature in the context of funding sources for entrepreneurs, the paper highlights the significance of bonding and bridging social capital for entrepreneurial finance.

Findings
The review of relevant literature confirms the importance of social capital for entrepreneurial finance. The existence of bonding social capital, which refers to a trusting relationship between entrepreneurs and financiers, allows entrepreneurs to access their financiers’ resources (e.g. contacts, knowledge, reputation, further funds) through bridging social capital.

Practical implications
Students of entrepreneurial finance need to understand the role that both facets of social capital play in the context of fundraising. This paper proposes ways of incorporating social capital into various approaches to entrepreneurial finance education. This allows educators to include relevant topics and research into their syllabi, while enabling students to study a crucial, yet under-represented, topic in entrepreneurial finance education.

Originality/value
Given that entrepreneurial finance education has to date been neglected in the educational literature, this paper begins to address a huge void. It clarifies potential contents of entrepreneurial finance education, demonstrates the importance of including social capital in the education of entrepreneurial finance students and suggests practical ways of achieving this.