bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent syphilitic ocular manifestations despite treatment: a case series
Authors: Zhang Sairi , Rickels Kaersti L. , Krishnan Vignesh , Uwaydat Sami H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Penicillin has remained the most effective treatment for syphilis for several decades. Syphilitic retinal manifestations may persist following treatment and cause visual problems. In this case series, we describe three syphilis patients with persistent posterior segment manifestations due to chronic inflammation, incomplete treatment, and reinfection.

Case series
Recommended initial treatment for all patients was 14 days of intravenous penicillin. Oral prednisone was added 48 h after initiation of penicillin therapy. Case 1: A 48-year-old female presented with gradual vision loss for two months. Fundus imaging revealed syphilitic outer retinopathy (SOR), papillitis, and acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinopathy (ASPPC). After treatment, she had persistent cystoid macular edema (CME) and was treated with intravitreal triamcinolone injections and ketorolac drops. Case 2. A 24-year-old male presented with sudden vision loss for two days. On imaging, he had ASPPC, papillitis, and SOR. IV penicillin treatment was given for 10 days only. He had persistent SOR and was retreated with doxycycline and prednisone. Case 3: A 52-year-old male presented with eye pain and visual loss for one week. There was evidence of ASPPC and papillitis on imaging. One month after treatment, he had persistent papillitis and was restarted on oral prednisone. One year later, he was found to have recurrent ASPPC and was confirmed to be reinfected with syphilis, for which he was retreated.

Conclusion
When treating persistent syphilitic ocular manifestations, we recommend checking that the penicillin treatment was complete and the RPR titers are declining. If both hold true, then the affected eye should be treated with anti-inflammatory therapy. Other factors that contribute to poor visual prognosis include treatment delay, poor initial visual acuity, macular edema, and HIV coinfection.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding malaria transmission and prevention in an indigenous Maijuna community: a qualitative study in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Hogan Kathryn M. , Gilmore Michael , McCarron Graziella P. , Griffiths Brian M. , Koehler Jeffrey W. , García Guillermo A. , von Fricken Michael E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Peru is a low-endemic transmission area for malaria, where the majority (84%) of incident malaria cases are localized to the department of Loreto, which is composed of several geographically isolated rural communities. Recent intervention efforts targeting at-risk Indigenous populations that live in riverine communities in Loreto place emphasis on preventive behaviours to decrease transmission. However, malaria related behaviour change is often dependent upon local knowledge, beliefs, and practices, especially in areas where malaria is viewed an embedded and unavoidable aspect of life.

Methods
This exploratory case study used semi-structured interviews conducted in Spanish between February and March of 2019 to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to malaria prevention among the Indigenous Maijuna people of Sucusari, Loreto, Peru. Participants who consented were also administered a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) upon the time of interview.

Results
A total of 33 community members were interviewed, and 31 were tested via malaria rapid diagnostic tests, with RDT filter paper subsequently tested using PCR. All test results were negative for malaria. Themes that emerged included: varying knowledge of methods to prevent malaria, reports of observed changes in malaria incidence over time, confusion surrounding malaria transmission, treatment-seeking as a common behaviour, the belief that medications are effective, and the acceptance of bed nets which were viewed as a lifestyle norm.

Conclusion
These shared narratives should be used as a foundation for further studies and health interventions among communities in the Peruvian Amazon with limited access to health services where culturally resonant, community-based health programming is essential to improving health. Takeaways regarding confusion surrounding malaria transmission should also be considered.
Using the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) to evaluate self-rated health in an environmental justice community
Authors: Fawkes Leanne S. , Roh Taehyun , McDonald Thomas J. , Horney Jennifer A. , Chiu Weihsueh A. , Sansom Garett T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Greater Fifth Ward (GFW) is a Northeast Houston, Texas, neighborhood with a legacy of industrial contamination and a confirmed cancer cluster. To understand self-rated health in the GFW, community-based participatory research (CBPR), was used to promote the inclusion of all partners. CBPR involves the community during each stage of the research process from design to research dissemination. A complete census was conducted, and 114 surveys were obtained in the environmental justice (EJ) community from July to November 2021. EJ communities shoulder an unfair burden of environmental exposures, pollution, and poor built environments. Mental and physical health were measured using the validated 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2). We posited that the Black or African American (Black/AA) community would have lower mental composite scores (MCS) and physical composite scores (PCS) compared to the nation and their White counterparts. The MCS and PCS were calculated and compared against the national mean. Overall, participants had higher MCS and lower PCS than the national mean. Black/AA males and females had lower MCS compared to their White counterparts. White females had the lowest PCS among all respondents, significantly lower than the national average. MCS was lower among those who lived in the neighborhood longer. Burdens from pollution may impact residents’ health and perceived health. Targeted interventions or programs that improve mental or physical health would benefit this community and other inequitably burdened neighborhoods.
Exploring body uneasiness in severe and enduring eating disorders: insights from clinical practice
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Todisco Patrizia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Body uneasiness is a central facet of body image disturbances observed in individuals with eating disorders (EDs). This study aimed to address gaps in understanding body uneasiness in severe and enduring eating disorders (SE-EDs) and explore variations in psychopathology between individuals with different durations of the disorder. We hypothesized that patients with SE-ED might develop habitual behaviors that contribute to ambivalence toward treatment and the persistence of symptoms.

Methods
A sample of 360 ED patients was evaluated at the beginning and end of a specialized intensive rehabilitation program. All patients completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT). They were divided into two groups: SE-ED (> 7 years) and acute (aED, < 3 years) duration.

Results
Compulsive self-monitoring showed a significant change between the start and end of treatment, differing between groups, with a larger change observed in SE-ED (p < 0.048). In SE-ED, it was associated with lower chances of dropout (p = 0.044), opposite to aED (p = 0.009). Treatment responses were primarily related to eating psychopathology, further highlighting differences between the two groups.

Conclusions
This study underscores the possible presence of a habit in SE-ED and the importance of tailoring interventions to address unique needs based on the duration of the disorder. Furthermore, it highlights the need for further research to improve treatment outcomes in SE-EDs.
Structural control on the shallow tremor distribution linked to seamount subduction: insights from high-resolution seismic imaging in Hyuga-nada
Authors: Ma Yanxue , Nakata Rie , Mochizuki Kimihiro , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Hamada Yohei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTectonic tremors occur around the subducting seamount of the Kyushu Palau Ridge (KPR) in Hyuga-nada, Japan. We investigate the relationship between tremor activity and structural and physical characteristics using high-resolution reflection seismic imaging of the KR0114-8 line, encompassing areas with both high and low occurrences of tremors. The reflection data are reprocessed using broadband processing, reflection tomography and Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration. The resulting image delineates complex deformation and lithological boundaries, such as the accretionary prism, underthrust sediments, décollement, and top of the seamount. The observed splay faults and seafloor uplift to the west of the KPR, coupled with frequent tremors, confirm the compressional stress regime on the leading side of the subducting seamount. A stress shadow over the seamount effectively suppresses tremors. Numerous faults indicate significant deformation of the overburden when positioned on the leading side of the seamount. The trailing side exhibits a compressional stress regime, rather than an extensional one, as evidenced by the development of in-sequence thrusts and frequent tremors. Local physical, mechanical, and structural factors critically influence the tremor activity. The increased frequency of tremors is correlated with the thickness of the underthrust sediments and presence of in-sequence thrusts, whereas it is inversely correlated with the reflectivity of the décollement. Several potential mechanisms for this phenomenon include elevated pore pressure above the décollement and/or within the underthrust sediments, as well as structural effects. High-resolution velocity imaging, scientific drilling, and precise tremor-depth estimation are essential for advancing our understanding of these mechanisms.
Graphical abstract
H Antigen expression modulates epidermal Keratinocyte Integrity and differentiation
Authors: Jin Seon-Pil , Oh Jang-Hee , Kim Namjoo Kaylee , Chung Jin Ho 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
ABO blood group antigens (ABH antigens) are carbohydrate chains glycosylated on epithelial and red blood cells. Recent findings suggest reduced ABH expression in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease with retained scale. H antigen, a precursor for A and B antigens, is synthesized by fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT1). Desmosomes, critical for skin integrity, are known to require N-glycosylation for stability. We investigate the impact of H antigens, a specific type of glycosylation, on desmosomes in keratinocytes.

Method
Primary human keratinocytes were transfected with FUT1 siRNA or recombinant adenovirus for FUT1 overexpression. Cell adhesion and desmosome characteristics and their underlying mechanisms were analyzed.

Result
The knockdown of FUT1, responsible for H2 antigen expression in the skin, increased cell-cell adhesive strength and desmosome size in primary cultured keratinocytes without altering the overall desmosome structure. Desmosomal proteins, including desmogleins or plakophilin, were upregulated, suggesting enhanced desmosome assembly. Reduced H2 antigen expression via FUT1 knockdown led to increased keratinocyte differentiation, evidenced by elevated expression of differentiation markers. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been described to be associated with FUT1 and promotes cell migration and differentiation. The effects of FUT1 knockdown were recapitulated by an EGFR inhibitor concerning desmosomal proteins and cellular differentiation. Further investigation demonstrated that the FUT1 knockdown reduced EGFR signaling by lowering the levels of EGF ligands rather than directly regulating EGFR activity. Moreover, FUT1 overexpression reversed the effects observed in FUT1 knockdown, resulting in the downregulation of desmosomal proteins and differentiation markers while increasing both mRNA and protein levels of EGFR ligands.

Conclusion
The expression level of FUT1 in the epidermis appears to influence cell-cell adhesion and keratinocyte differentiation status, at least partly through regulation of H2 antigen and EGFR ligand expression. These observations imply that the fucosylation of the H2 antigen by FUT1 could play a significant role in maintaining the molecular composition and regulation of desmosomes and suggest a possible involvement of the altered H2 antigen expression in skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
Improved access and care through the implementation of virtual Hallway, a consultation platform in Nova Scotia: preliminary findings from a feasibility evaluation
Authors: Tomblin Murphy Gail , Sampalli Tara , Koto Prosper , Chamberland-Rowe Caroline , Guk Julia , Ventura Nelson , Hartlen Justin , Rasic Daniel , Allen Jonathan , Benson Kianna , MacNeil Ryan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
While previous studies have examined various platforms that enable providers to connect, Virtual Hallway (VH) stands out with its unique features. The value add is that this online platform connects primary care providers and specialists for synchronous phone-based conversations and aims to reduce referrals and enhance the quality of referrals. VH allows providers to easily log in, select the required specialty, book call times, receive reminders, and have calls documented, ensuring a high connection rate. In May 2022, the provincial health authority in Nova Scotia, a Canadian province, and VH initiated a feasibility study facilitated through the Health Innovation Hub in Nova Scotia. The goal was to enable primary care providers to connect with specialists, thereby reducing wait times and unnecessary referrals, and facilitating timely access to relevant clinical direction for patients. The current evaluation assessed utilization, value for money in economic analysis, and consultation experiences.

Methods
The study used post, cross-sectional, and cost-benefit study designs. We collected data through various methods, including administratively recorded utilization, theory-driven surveys, and cost data. Utilization was measured by the number of completed consults and the number of healthcare professionals using the VH platform. We analyzed the data using a combination of descriptive statistics and a cost-benefit analysis, which also involved conducting probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

Results
The study found that approximately 84% of the VH consultations avoided needing in-person specialist referrals. The return on investment was 1.8 (95% CI: 0.8 to 3.0), indicating that the monetary value of the measurable benefits associated with VH exceeded the value of the resources invested. The provider experience survey revealed high satisfaction levels with VH across user groups, with 92% of specialists and 96% of primary care providers reporting being satisfied or highly satisfied with their experience. These positive indicators of provider experience were further supported by the fact that 97% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they intended to continue to use VH in their practice, and 97% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they would recommend VH to a colleague.

Conclusions
The study suggests that VH was well-received by users, with high levels of satisfaction reported and a reduced need for in-person referrals. It also represented value for money. Further research could explore how the availability of virtual health services can lead to reduced utilization of healthcare resources among different groups of patients.
Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome and Adrenal Suppression Presenting as Perimenopause
Authors: Andres Sarah M , Galina Jesse M , Berga Sarah L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Secondary adrenal insufficiency is a life-threatening condition that may arise in the setting of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACs) are a standard treatment for osteoarthritis, and they carry a high risk of secondary central adrenal suppression (SAI). We present the case of a 43-year-old woman who was referred to reproductive endocrinology for evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding with a provisional diagnosis of perimenopause. She reported new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus, abdominal striae, hot flashes, and irregular menses. Laboratory evaluation revealed iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and SAI attributable to prolonged use of therapeutic IACs for osteoarthritis. Treatment included hydrocortisone replacement and discontinuation of IACs followed by hydrocortisone taper over the following 16 months that resulted in the return of endogenous ovarian and adrenal function. This case demonstrates the many hazards of prolonged IAC use, including suppression of ovarian and adrenal function and iatrogenic SAI.
Atypical Imaging Findings in a Cortisol-producing Adrenal Adenoma Predominantly Composed of Lipid-poor Compact Cells
Authors: Kawata Satoshi , Obata Yoshinari , Akai-Samoto Aya , Mukai Kosuke , Miyashita Kazuyuki , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas consist of a mixture of lipid-rich clear and lipid-poor compact cells in varying proportions. Most adenomas are mainly composed of lipid-rich clear cells and typically exhibit low computed tomography (CT) attenuation values, high uptake on 131I-adosterol scintigraphy, and mild accumulation on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT. However, adenomas predominantly composed of lipid-poor compact cells are rare, with limited evidence regarding their imaging characteristics. A 27-year-old woman with weight gain and a moon face was referred to our hospital. She presented with hypertension, dyslipidemia, low plasma ACTH levels, and autonomous cortisol secretion. We diagnosed this patient with ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome with a left adrenal tumor. The adrenal tumor exhibited imaging findings atypical for an adenoma, including high CT attenuation values, negative uptake on 131I-adosterol scintigraphy, and strong accumulation on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT. Histopathological analysis indicated that the tumor was a rare type of adenoma, predominantly composed of lipid-poor compact cells. These findings and recent reports suggest that the proportion of compact cells can influence the imaging findings. Therefore, in the differential diagnosis, it is important to recognize that cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas predominantly composed of compact cells can present with atypical imaging findings.
Approximation Algorithms for Dynamic Inventory Management on Networks
Authors: DeValve Levi , Myles Jabari 
Published: October 2024

We provide the first approximation algorithm for dynamic inventory management on a network with stochastic demand and backlogging. Specifically, under a mild cost condition, we prove the cost of a specially designed base-stock policy is less than 1.618 times the cost of an optimal policy. We develop a novel stochastic programming analysis to prove this result: We carefully calibrate two stochastic programs (providing upper and lower bounds on the optimal policy), and compare their objectives. The upper bound arises from a new class of base-stock policies we define to address the currently unresolved issue of how to assign and fulfill backlogs in a system with fulfillment flexibility. We show the optimal policy in this class takes a simple and intuitive form: backlogs are assigned to their lowest cost activities for replenishment, and the ordered resources for those activities are committed to the backlogs for fulfillment. Next, the lower bound stochastic program is derived through a novel cost accounting scheme that captures the tradeoff between current inventory decisions and future backlog decisions. We then exploit this tradeoff to bound the ratio of the two stochastic program objectives and prove our main result. We also demonstrate our policy’s practicality with numerical simulations that show it performs within 1% of optimal on average across a wide range of problem instances. Finally, we show that our techniques and results extend to more general settings, demonstrating their potential for broader applicability. Importantly, our approach extends to problems with lead times, where we prove an approximation guarantee for base-stock policies that is independent of both the lead time and network structure. Thus, our work provides the new managerial insight that properly designed base-stock policies can be effective in network settings. This paper was accepted by Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, operations management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02965 .
A state-of-the-art review of community-based palliative care services in rural areas of Southern Minnesota and the United States
Authors: Vorbeck Ellen , Abbott-Anderson Kristen , Reed Alicia , Mondejar-Pont Meritxell 
Published: October 2024

Background: This state-of-the-art (SOTA) review aimed to understand the historical, current and future of rural community palliative care services (PCS) with a primary focus in rural southern Minnesota communities and the United States. Methods: This review followed the six step SOTA systematic review process described by Barry et al (2022) and examined articles from 2010–2023 regarding rural PCS. Results: Historical and current research consistently supported the benefits of PCS and reported the top facilitators as a clear definition of palliative care and PCS. The top barriers included a lack service provision, funding/resources, national policies/regulation, and shortages of trained providers in rural communities. Conclusions: Barriers to the provision of PCS have not improved based on this review in rural areas and must be addressed to reduce healthcare disparities for rural populations.
Hospice educators’ perspectives on e-learning in palliative care education in Ireland
Authors: Callinan Joanne 
Published: October 2024

Background: Knowledge of and understanding the palliative care approach should be a core competency in all healthcare settings. E-learning offers the potential to deliver palliative care education and meet this challenge. Aim: To examine hospice educator’s perspectives of e-learning in palliative care education. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of hospice educators on the island of Ireland (Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland). These were transcribed and the data was analysed thematically. Findings: Many factors were considered when using e-learning: objectives of the programme, learner’s characteristics, topic suitability (as palliative care is very emotive) and organisational factors. Barriers to using e-learnning were the preparation time required and developing expertise in e-learning. Support mechanisms for hospice educators to share knowledge would be beneficial. Conclusions: Educators were keen to adopt a blended approach in their teaching. While acknowledging the challenges and limitations of e-learning, educators felt that e-learning has a positive role in palliative care education.