bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MinION Analysis and Reference Consortium: Phase 2 data release and analysis of R9.0 chemistry
Authors: Jain Miten , Tyson John R. , Loose Matthew , Ip Camilla L.C. , Eccles David A. , O'Grady Justin , Malla Sunir , Leggett Richard M. , Wallerman Ola , Jansen Hans J. , Zalunin Vadim , Birney Ewan , Brown Bonnie L. , Snutch Terrance P. , Olsen Hugh E. ,   MinION Analysis and Reference Consortium
Published: May 2017

Background: Long-read sequencing is rapidly evolving and reshaping the suite of opportunities for genomic analysis. For the MinION in particular, as both the platform and chemistry develop, the user community requires reference data to set performance expectations and maximally exploit third-generation sequencing. We performed an analysis of MinION data derived from whole genome sequencing of Escherichia coli K-12 using the R9.0 chemistry, comparing the results with the older R7.3 chemistry. Methods: We computed the error-rate estimates for insertions, deletions, and mismatches in MinION reads. Results: Run-time characteristics of the flow cell and run scripts for R9.0 were similar to those observed for R7.3 chemistry, but with an 8-fold increase in bases per second (from 30 bps in R7.3 and SQK-MAP005 library preparation, to 250 bps in R9.0) processed by individual nanopores, and less drop-off in yield over time. The 2-dimensional (“2D”) N50 read length was unchanged from the prior chemistry. Using the proportion of alignable reads as a measure of base-call accuracy, 99.9% of “pass” template reads from 1-dimensional (“1D”) experiments were mappable and ~97% from 2D experiments. The median identity of reads was ~89% for 1D and ~94% for 2D experiments. The total error rate (miscall + insertion + deletion ) decreased for 2D “pass” reads from 9.1% in R7.3 to 7.5% in R9.0 and for template “pass” reads from 26.7% in R7.3 to 14.5% in R9.0. Conclusions: These Phase 2 MinION experiments serve as a baseline by providing estimates for read quality, throughput, and mappability. The datasets further enable the development of bioinformatic tools tailored to the new R9.0 chemistry and the design of novel biological applications for this technology. Abbreviations: K: thousand, Kb: kilobase (one thousand base pairs), M: million, Mb: megabase (one million base pairs), Gb: gigabase (one billion base pairs).
LABOR POTENTIAL OF CUSTOMS OFFICIALS: CONCEPT, STRUCTURE, EVALUATION
Authors: Хрящев  , Hryaschev V. , Трубицын  , Trubicyn K. 
Published: May 2017

In an article devoted to the actual topic for customs of Russia, the problems of the concept, structure and evaluation of the labor potential of customs officials are considered. After considering several approaches leading Russian scientists to the definition of «labor potential», the authors came to the conclusion that at the moment there is no single, universally accepted concept and that its definition and structure will vary depending on the objectives and specificity of work. When analyzing structure of the labor potential of the customs officials, authors identified four components: socio-demographic, professional qualification, socio-personal and psycho-physiological. For each of the components was an attempt to assess labor potential of the customs officials to evaluate its components. The authors have also been modeled algorithm for determining the integrated assessment. The article defines the structure of the labor potential of the personnel of customs authorities. On the basis of the analysis formed the author’s method of estimation
of labor potential, which is a component of a comprehensive system of evaluation of labor potential, simulated algorithm for determining the integrated assessment.
INFLUENCE OF DENSITY AND LENGTH OF CUTTING OF BASALT FIBER ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL INDICATORS OF COMPOSITE DISPERSION-REINFORCED ASPHALT-CONCRETE MIXTURE
Authors: Андронов  , Andronov Sergey , Задирака  , Zadiraka Aleksey 
Published: May 2017

Experiments on the introduction of basalt fiber with various density and length of cutting into the composition of the dispersed-reinforced asphalt mixture were carried out, laboratory tests of asphalt concrete samples were carried out, the optimal density and length of cutting basalt fiber for introduction into asphalt concrete mixtures
In transport construction, asphalt concrete is widely used, which is prone to cracking, peeling, chipping, formation of stakes, waves and depressions. The way to increase the resistance of asphalt concrete to external loads is the introduction of fibers and threads into its composition. Introduction to the asphalt-concrete mixture of small (discrete) elements allows to achieve their uniform distribution (dispersion) in the mixture, and to obtain a &#34;composite&#34; material with higher physical and mechanical properties in the finished structural element
THERMAL RADIATION INTENSITY WHEN USING COMPOSITIONS ON THE SURFACE OF THE PROTECTED CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Копытков Владимир , Kopytkov Vladimir , Шныпарков Александр , Shnyparkov Alexander , Старовойтов Павел , Starovoytov Pavel 
Published: May 2017

Fire gaps between buildings and household out-buildings on neighboring private plots are regulated in accordance with the technical normative acts (TNA) [1] and can make from 6 to 15 m depending on build-ing levels of resistance to fire. Fire gaps don't often follow these standards because of a number of factors. One of the security techniques of inflammable struc-tures is a gel application on the construction surface which is under thermal radiation because of the near vicinity of the radiation source.
By means of a mathematical apparatus it is shown that using a layer of gel liquid 1 cm thick on a surface of inflammable structures and at direct impact of the thermal flow with 10 kilowatt/m2 density on a wood sample, sample ignition happens in 280-290 seconds after the beginning of influence. In the presence of a 0,5 cm layer of gel liquid ignition occurs in 140-150 seconds after the beginning of influence of the thermal radiation.
Thus, the temperature value in a layer boundary with wood depends on the thickness of composition layer. When using a composition layer on the protected constructions made of wood we may avoid any spreading of the fire in nearby structures that will lead to minimization of material losses and considerable decrease of human casualties.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN RUSSIA BASED ON INTRODUCTION OF THE "ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT" CONCEPT
Authors: Логвинов Константин , Logvinov Konstantin 
Published: May 2017

Now the process of information and communica-tion technologies introduction in the activity of public authorities goes beyond the framework of some infor-matization programs and projects and becomes a driv-ing transformation force of both the organization of public authorities work, and approaches to execute state functions in general. At the same time there is lack of systemacity and integral regulation of using information technologies in public administrative activity, uncertainty and discrepancy of some provisions of the legislation, lack of the uniform concept of "the electronic government".
Using a generalization method, comparative and formal-logical approaches, the article attempts to represent a complex attitude towards the problem of "electronic government" formation in the Russian Fed-eration as one of possible instruments of increasing public administration efficiency. Studying a definition of "the electronic government" has allowed to formu-late an author's interpretation of this term, to systemat-ize and generalize its functioning principles, and also to plan the possible directions of solving the organiza-tional and legal problems connected with the develop-ment of this concept in the Russian Federation.
IDENTIFICATION OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Мельковская Ксения , Myelkovskaya Ksyeniya 
Published: May 2017

The paper aims at developing the system approach to management process of competitiveness of higher education institution for increasing the choice efficiency and application of its progressive development strategy.
Significant results of the scientific research:
- an idea of the concept of higher education insti-tution competitiveness, its key components and fea-tures is formed, and also the main approaches to de-termination of its level are identified;
- the complex technique of competitiveness as-sessment of higher education institutions within the region is developed;
- approbation of the developed technique of com-petitiveness assessment of higher education institution based on materials of FSBEI HE "Bryansk State Tech-nical University" is carried out.
Scientific novelty of the research consists in de-velopment of theoretical-methodical concepts and practical recommendations for increasing management efficiency of higher education institution competitiveness by carrying out a complex assessment of its level.
Use of the main results of scientific research in practice of competitiveness management of a higher education institution allows to reveal shortcomings of management strategy of higher education institution competitiveness and to highlight capacities for their elimination.
Cognitive Aspect of the Art History Terms Study
Authors: Миньяр-Белоручева  , Minyar-Belorucheva A. 
Published: May 2017

The language of Art History and the change of worldviews have always intertwined and determine each other. Art History is the entity unity of art theory, history and criticism. Art History as any academic discipline has its
own subject, object and terminology. The terms of Art History, contributing to the creation of a coherent pattern of art development, have three stages in their study. The stages of the analysis of the subject-specific Art History terms coincide with the paradigm shift that requires the creation of modern research techniques. However, with its introduction the new paradigm does not change the subject of the study, but the facets of the analysis putting in the focus of academic interests new aspects that have previously been beyond the purview of scholars. The terms of Art History are either composed deliberately or develop from the lexical units of natural languages. A cognitive approach to the study of subject-specific Art History terms gives the possibility to take them as signs through which occurs the verbalization of academic concepts and creation a conceptual model of the world of art.
The Colorblind Crowd? Founder Race and Performance in Crowdfunding
Authors: Younkin Peter , Kuppuswamy Venkat 
Published: May 2017

The dearth of minority entrepreneurs has received increasing media attention but few academic analyses. In particular, the funding process creates challenges for either audit or correspondence methods, making it difficult to assess the role, or type, of discrimination influencing resource providers. We use a novel approach that combines analyses of 7,617 crowdfunding projects with an experimental design to identify whether African American men are discriminated against and whether this reflects statistical, taste-based, or unconscious bias on the part of prospective supporters. We find that African American men are significantly less likely than similar white founders to receive funding and that prospective supporters rate identical projects as lower in quality when they believe the founder is an African American male. We conclude that the reduction in perceived quality does not reflect conscious assumptions of differences in founder ability or disamenity but rather an unconscious assumption that black founders are lower quality. In two additional experiments, we identify three means of reducing this bias: through additional evidence of quality via third-party endorsements (i.e., awards, evidence of prior support), through evidence that African American founders have succeeded previously, and by removing indicators of the founder’s race. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2774 . This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Successful return to sports in athletes following non-operative management of acute isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries
Authors: Agolley D. , Gabr A. , Benjamin-Laing H. , Haddad F. S. 
Published: May 2017

AimsThe aim of this study was to report the outcome of the non-operative treatment of high-grade posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries, particularly Hughston grade III injuries, which have not previously been described.Patients and MethodsThis was a prospective study involving 46 consecutive patients who were athletes with MRI-confirmed isolated PCL injuries presenting within four weeks of injury. All had Hughston grade II (25 athletes) or III (21 athletes) injuries. Our non-operative treatment regimen involved initial bracing, followed by an individualised rehabilitation programme determined by the symptoms and physical signs. The patients were reviewed until they had returned to sports-specific training, and were reviewed again at a mean of 5.2 years (3 to 9).ResultsThe mean time to return to sports-specific training was 10.6 weeks and the mean time to return to full competitive sport was 16.4 weeks (10 to 40). A total of 42 patients (91.3%) were playing at the same or higher level of sport two years after the injury, with a mean Tegner activity score of 9 (5 to 10). At five years, 32 patients (69.5%) were playing at the same or higher level of sport, and 38 patients (82.6%) were playing at a competitive level, with a mean Tegner activity score of 9 (5 to 10).ConclusionsMedium-term review of a series of athletes suggests that commencing the non-operative management of isolated, Hughston grade II and III PCL injuries within four weeks of injury gives excellent functional outcomes with a high proportion returning to the same or higher level of sport. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:774–8.
Mediolateral force distribution at the knee joint shifts across activities and is driven by tibiofemoral alignment
Authors: Kutzner I. , Bender A. , Dymke J. , Duda G. , von Roth P. , Bergmann G. 
Published: May 2017

Aims Tibiofemoral alignment is important to determine the rate of progression of osteoarthritis and implant survival after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Normally, surgeons aim for neutral tibiofemoral alignment following TKA, but this has been questioned in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether varus or valgus alignment indeed leads to increased medial or lateral tibiofemoral forces during static and dynamic weight-bearing activities. Patients and Methods Tibiofemoral contact forces and moments were measured in nine patients with instrumented knee implants. Medial force ratios were analysed during nine daily activities, including activities with single-limb support (e.g. walking) and double-limb support (e.g. knee bend). Hip-knee-ankle angles in the frontal plane were analysed using full-leg coronal radiographs. Results The medial force ratio strongly correlated with the tibiofemoral alignment in the static condition of one-legged stance (R² = 0.88) and dynamic single-limb loading (R² = 0.59) with varus malalignment leading to increased medial force ratios of up to 88%. In contrast, the correlation between leg alignment and magnitude of medial compartment force was much less pronounced. A lateral shift of force occurred during activities with double-limb support and higher knee flexion angles. Conclusion The medial force ratio depends on both the tibiofemoral alignment and the nature of the activity involved. It cannot be generalised to a single value. Higher medial ratios during single-limb loading are associated with varus malalignment in TKA. The current trend towards a ‘constitutional varus’ after joint replacement, in terms of overall tibiofemoral alignment, should be considered carefully with respect to the increased medial force ratio. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:779–87.
Pelvic reconstruction following resection of malignant bone tumours using a stemmed acetabular pedestal cup
Authors: Hipfl C. , Stihsen C. , Puchner S. E. , Kaider A. , Dominkus M. , Funovics P. T. , Windhager R. 
Published: May 2017

AimsPelvic reconstruction after the resection of a tumour around the acetabulum is a challenging procedure due to the complex anatomy and biomechanics. Several pelvic endoprostheses have been introduced, but the rates of complication remain high. Our aim was to review the use of a stemmed acetabular pedestal cup in the management of these patients.Patients and MethodsThe study involved 48 patients who underwent periacetabular reconstruction using a stemmed pedestal cup (Schoellner cup; Zimmer Biomet Inc., Warsaw, Indiana) between 2000 and 2013. The indications for treatment included a primary bone tumour in 27 patients and metastatic disease in 21 patients. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 52 years (16 to 83).ResultsAt a median follow-up of 6.6 years (95% confidence interval 4.6 to 8.2), local control was achieved in all patients; 19 patients had died (16 of disease). Complications occurred in 19 patients (40%), of which deep infection was the most common, affecting eight patients (17%). Seven patients (15%) had a dislocation of the hip. Aseptic loosening was found in three patients (6%). Two (4%) underwent hindquarter amputation for non-oncological reasons. The risk of revision, with death being treated as a competing event, was 28% at one year, 39% at five years and 48% at ten years post-operatively. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society Score at final follow-up was 71% (27% to 93%).ConclusionThis type of reconstruction is a satisfactory option for the treatment of patients with a periacetabular tumour. There remains, however, a high rate of complication, which may be reduced by future modifications of the device such as silver coating and tripolar articulation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:841–8.
Oxidised zirconium versus cobalt alloy bearing surfaces in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Anderson F. L. , Koch C. N. , Elpers M. E. , Wright T. M. , Haas S. B. , Heyse T. J. 
Published: May 2017

Aims We sought to establish whether an oxidised zirconium (OxZr) femoral component causes less loss of polyethylene volume than a cobalt alloy (CoCr) femoral component in total knee arthroplasty. Materials and Methods A total of 20 retrieved tibial inserts that had articulated with OxZr components were matched with 20 inserts from CoCr articulations for patient age, body mass index, length of implantation, and revision diagnosis. Changes in dimensions of the articular surfaces were compared with those of pristine inserts using laser scanning. The differences in volume between the retrieved and pristine surfaces of the two groups were calculated and compared. Results The loss of polyethylene volume was 122 mm3 (standard deviation (sd) 87) in the OxZr group and 170 mm3 (sd 96) in the CoCr group (p = 0.033). The volume loss in the OxZr group was also lower in the medial (72 mm3 (sd 67) versus 92 mm3 (sd 60); p = 0.096) and lateral (49 mm3 (sd 36) versus 79 mm3 (sd 61); p = 0.096) compartments separately, but these differences were not significant. Conclusion Our results corroborate earlier findings from in vitro testing and visual retrieval analysis which suggest that polyethylene volume loss is lower with OxZr femoral components. Since both OxZr and CoCr are hard surfaces that would be expected to create comparable amounts of polyethylene creep, the differences in volume loss may reflect differences in the in vivo wear of these inserts. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:793–8.
Divergent Students, Disruptive Students: Gender Anxieties in U.S. K–12 Schools
Authors: McLaughlin Grace 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article analyzes the operative fears informing protests of gender non-conforming K-12 students’ challenges to school bathroom, locker room, and dress code policies in the United States. It argues that anxieties raised by parents, administrators, and commentators can be understood not just as transphobic, but as mobilizing rhetoric centered on fears for the child or children as a vulnerable social category and proteophobia, or fear of the ambiguous, uncategorizable, and changing. In light of this language, and of the youth of K-12 gender nonconforming students, dress code battles specifically may allow T/GNC advocates to further a conception of gender not just as an identity, but as an expressive practice of self-fashioning or exploration.
Dynamics of Liver Stiffness Values by means of Transient Elastography in Patients with HCV Liver Cirrhosis undergoing Interferon Free Treatment
Authors: Sporea Ioan , Lupușoru Raluca , Mare Ruxandra , Popescu Alina , Gheorghe Liana , Iacob Speranța , Șirli Roxana 
Published: May 2017

Background & Aims: Liver stiffness (LS) measurement by Transient Elastography (TE) has been widely accepted as a tool for fibrosis assessment. The aim of this study was to assess LS dynamics in a group of patients with HCV liver cirrhosis after interferon free treatment (IFT).Methods: This two-center clinical trial included 225 patients with compensated HCV cirrhosis (all genotype 1b), who received IFT for 12 weeks. All patients were evaluated by means of TE at the beginning and at the end of treatment (EOT), and a subgroup (170 patients) also 12 weeks after EOT; all of them had sustained viral response (SVR). Reliable LS measurements (LSM) were defined as a median value of 10 valid LSM, with IQR <30% and SR ≥60%. Both M and XL probes were used. For diagnosing cirrhosis we used a cut-off value of 12kPa as proposed by the Tsochatzis meta-analysis. We considered a decrease or increase of more than 10% in LSM as being significant.Results: Out of 225 subjects, reliable measurements were obtained in 93.7%, so that the final analysis included 211 patients. The mean LS values decreased significantly after IFT: 26.4±11.7 vs. 23.5±13.3 kPa (p=0.01). Most patients, 59.2% (125/211) presented more than 10% decrease in LS values, 24.1% (51/211) had stable LS values, while in 16.4% (35/211) cases, the LS values increased. In the subgroup of 170 patients with LSM also performed 12 weeks after EOT (SVR), the mean LS values were significantly lower as compared to baseline: 21.3±11 kPa vs. 27.4±11.9 kPa (p<0.0001) and also as compared to EOT: 21.3±11 kPa vs. 23.7±13.3 kPa (p<0.0001).Conclusion: In our patients with HCV liver cirrhosis, the mean LS values evaluated by TE significantly decreased after antiviral treatment at EOT and also 12 weeks after EOT as compared to baseline. Overall, about 60% of patients had LS values at EOT lower than at baseline, while 12 weeks after EOT about 75% of patients had LS values lower than at baseline. –.Abbreviations: APRI: aspartate aminotransferase platelet ratio index; BMI: body mass index; DAA: direct acting agents; EOT: end of treatment; FIB-4: fibrosis 4; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; IFT: interferon free treatment; IQR: interquartile range; LS: liver stiffness; LSM: liver stiffness measurements; SR: success rate; SVR: sustained viral response; TE: Transient Elastography.