bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Does The Crowd Say About You? Evaluating Aggregation-based Location Privacy
Authors: Pyrgelis Apostolos , Troncoso Carmela , De Cristofaro Emiliano 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Information about people’s movements and the locations they visit enables an increasing number of mobility analytics applications, e.g., in the context of urban and transportation planning, In this setting, rather than collecting or sharing raw data, entities often use aggregation as a privacy protection mechanism, aiming to hide individual users’ location traces. Furthermore, to bound information leakage from the aggregates, they can perturb the input of the aggregation or its output to ensure that these are differentially private.
In this paper, we set to evaluate the impact of releasing aggregate location time-series on the privacy of individuals contributing to the aggregation. We introduce a framework allowing us to reason about privacy against an adversary attempting to predict users’ locations or recover their mobility patterns. We formalize these attacks as inference problems, and discuss a few strategies to model the adversary’s prior knowledge based on the information she may have access to. We then use the framework to quantify the privacy loss stemming from aggregate location data, with and without the protection of differential privacy, using two real-world mobility datasets. We find that aggregates do leak information about individuals’ punctual locations and mobility profiles. The density of the observations, as well as timing, play important roles, e.g., regular patterns during peak hours are better protected than sporadic movements. Finally, our evaluation shows that both output and input perturbation offer little additional protection, unless they introduce large amounts of noise ultimately destroying the utility of the data.
Personalized Pseudonyms for Servers in the Cloud
Authors: Xiao Qiuyu , Reiter Michael K. , Zhang Yinqian 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A considerable and growing fraction of servers, especially of web servers, is hosted in compute clouds. In this paper we opportunistically leverage this trend to improve privacy of clients from network attackers residing between the clients and the cloud: We design a system that can be deployed by the cloud operator to prevent a network adversary from determining which of the cloud’s tenant servers a client is accessing. The core innovation in our design is a PoPSiCl (pronounced “popsicle”), a persistent pseudonym for a tenant server that can be used by a single client to access the server, whose real identity is protected by the cloud from both passive and active network attackers. When instantiated for TLS-based access to web servers, our design works with all major browsers and requires no additional client-side software and minimal changes to the client user experience. Moreover, changes to tenant servers can be hidden in supporting software (operating systems and web-programming frameworks) without imposing on web-content development. Perhaps most notably, our system boosts privacy with minimal impact to web-browsing performance, after some initial setup during a user’s first access to each web server.
Efficient Utility Improvement for Location Privacy
Authors: Chatzikokolakis Konstantinos , ElSalamouny Ehab , Palamidessi Catuscia 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The continuously increasing use of location-based services poses an important threat to the privacy of users. A natural defense is to employ an obfuscation mechanism, such as those providing geo-indistinguishability, a framework for obtaining formal privacy guarantees that has become popular in recent years.
Ideally, one would like to employ an optimal obfuscation mechanism, providing the best utility among those satisfying the required privacy level. In theory optimal mechanisms can be constructed via linear programming. In practice, however, this is only feasible for a radically small number of locations. As a consequence, all known applications of geo-indistinguishability simply use noise drawn from a planar Laplace distribution.
In this work, we study methods for substantially improving the utility of location obfuscation, while maintaining practical applicability as a main goal. We provide such solutions for both infinite (continuous or discrete) as well as large but finite domains of locations, using a Bayesian remapping procedure as a key ingredient. We evaluate our techniques in two real world complete datasets, without any restriction on the evaluation area, and show important utility improvements with respect to the standard planar Laplace approach.
Systematizing Decentralization and Privacy: Lessons from 15 Years of Research and Deployments
Authors: Troncoso Carmela , Isaakidis Marios , Danezis George , Halpin Harry 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Decentralized systems are a subset of distributed systems where multiple authorities control different components and no authority is fully trusted by all. This implies that any component in a decentralized system is potentially adversarial. We revise fifteen years of research on decentralization and privacy, and provide an overview of key systems, as well as key insights for designers of future systems. We show that decentralized designs can enhance privacy, integrity, and availability but also require careful trade-offs in terms of system complexity, properties provided, and degree of decentralization. These trade-offs need to be understood and navigated by designers. We argue that a combination of insights from cryptography, distributed systems, and mechanism design, aligned with the development of adequate incentives, are necessary to build scalable and successful privacy-preserving decentralized systems.
Properties of the high burnup structure in nuclear light water reactor fuel
Authors: Wiss Thierry , Rondinella Vincenzo V. , Konings Rudy J. M. , Staicu Dragos , Papaioannou Dimitrios , Bremier Stéphane , Pöml Philipp , Benes Ondrej , Colle Jean-Yves , Van Uffelen Paul , Schubert Arndt , Cappia Fabiola , Marchetti Mara , Pizzocri Davide , Jatuff Fabian , Goll Wolfgang , Sonoda Takeshi , Sasahara Akihiro , Kitajima Shoichi , Kinoshita Motoyasu 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The formation of the high burnup structure (HBS) is possibly the most significant example of the restructuring processes affecting commercial nuclear fuel in-pile. The HBS forms at the relatively cold outer rim of the fuel pellet, where the local burnup is 2–3 times higher than the average pellet burnup, under the combined effects of irradiation and thermo-mechanical conditions determined by the power regime and the fuel rod configuration. The main features of the transformation are the subdivision of the original fuel grains into new sub-micron grains, the relocation of the fission gas into newly formed intergranular pores, and the absence of large concentrations of extended defects in the fuel matrix inside the subdivided grains. The characterization of the newly formed structure and its impact on thermo-physical or mechanical properties is a key requirement to ensure that high burnup fuel operates within the safety margins. This paper presents a synthesis of the main findings from extensive studies performed at JRC-Karlsruhe during the last 25 years to determine properties and behaviour of the HBS. In particular, microstructural features, thermal transport, fission gas behaviour, and thermo-mechanical properties of the HBS will be discussed. The main conclusion of the experimental studies is that the HBS does not compromise the safety of nuclear fuel during normal operations.
Social robotics to help children with autism in their interactions through imitation
Authors: Pennazio Valentina 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article aims to reflect on the main variables that make social robotics efficient in an educational and rehabilitative intervention. Social robotics is based on imitation, and the study is designed for children affected by profound autism, aiming for the development of their social interactions. Existing research, at the national and international levels, shows how children with autism can interact more easily with a robotic companion rather than a human peer, considering its less complex and more predictable actions. This contribution also highlights how using robotic platforms helps in teaching children with autism basic social abilities, imitation, communication and interaction; this encourages them to transfer the learned abilities to human interactions with both adults and peers, through human–robot imitative modelling. The results of a pilot study conducted in a kindergarten school in the Liguria region are presented. The study included applying a robotic system, at first in a dyadic child–robot relation, then in a triadic one that also included another child, with the aim of eliciting social and imitative abilities in a child with profound autism.
An effective approach to synthesize carbon nanotube-reinforced Al matrix composite precursor
Authors: Alanka Sandeep , Ratnam Chanamala , Prasad Balla Srinivasa 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Aluminum-based nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes have increased scientific attention in today’s life. The dispersion quality was the critical aspect, which decides the homogeneous distribution of CNTs within the Al matrix as starting precursors. In this study, a new attempt has been made to obtain a uniformly dispersed Al-0.75% CNT precursor via combining ultra-sonication, cubic tumbler rod milling, and spray drying. This process was integrated with organic deflocculant (formulator) in specific proportion to transform as a semi-wet-based route. The effect of milling media on the morphology and interface structure of the as-produced composite precursor after all the processing steps was investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results reveal that the approach is effective in CNT dispersion in Al precursor, which shields the nanotube structure from damage for longer periods of milling time due to the organic formulator mixture, and also, the CNT retention in the Al precursor with minimum clustering is identified compared to the ball milling process. Carbon traces were confirmed in the as-produced composite precursor by this approach.
Maintenance of Genetic Structure in Progenies of Marginal Mountainous and Steppe Populations of Three Species of Pinaceae Lindl. Family in Ukraine
Authors: Korshikov I. I. , Pirko N. N. , Mudrik E. A. , Pirko Ya. V. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Comparative investigations of the genetic variation have been conducted at 8 to 10 polymorphic allozyme loci in samples of embryos and maternal plants from marginal populations of Abies alba Mill., Pinus pallasiana D. Don and Pinus sylvestris var cretacea Kalenicz. ex Kom. in Ukraine. It was found that the allele frequencies of the loci analysed were maintained in progenies of maternal plants of these populations. However, the population genotype structure of embryos was shifted towards an excess of homozygous genotypes. The highly variable loci of the maternal plants make the greatest contribution to the homozygotation of progenies.
Growth Performance and Variability in Different Clones of Gmelina arborea (ROXB.)
Authors: Kumar A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A clonal trial of Gmelina arborea consisting of seventy clones selected from ten geographical locations in four states of northeast India was evaluated for and 0.37 with a genetic gain of 18.1, 24.6 and 30.1%, respectively. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was determined to be an important trait with maximum genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation of 18.6 and 30.4%, respectively. Clones selected from the geographical location of Lanka (Assam) were better performers over other locations. Clone 106 attained the greatest height (517 cm) and DGL (119 mm), whereas Clone 108 performed poorly for all the traits studied. Clone 106 maintained its superiority from an early age of 12 months. Clones 009, 017 and 079 showed an increasing trend for height, and markedly changed rankings from 13th, 15th and 20th positions at the age of 12 months to 2nd, 4th and 15th positions at 24 months of age. The interim assessment of different clones indicated large genetic improvement possibilities in G. arborea. and 0.37 with a genetic gain of 18.1, 24.6 and 30.1%, respectively. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was determined to be an important trait with maximum genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation of 18.6 and 30.4%, respectively. Clones selected from the geographical location of Lanka (Assam) were better performers over other locations. Clone 106 attained the greatest height (517 cm) and DGL (119 mm), whereas Clone 108 performed poorly for all the traits studied. Clone 106 maintained its superiority from an early age of 12 months. Clones 009, 017 and 079 showed an increasing trend for height, and markedly changed rankings from 13th, 15th and 20th positions at the age of 12 months to 2nd, 4th and 15th positions at 24 months of age. The interim assessment of different clones indicated large genetic improvement possibilities in G. arborea.
Interspecific Differences in Postharvest Quality on Mexican Christmas Trees
Authors: Álvarez-Moctezuma J. G. , Alia-Tejacal I. , Colinas-León M. T. , Sahagún-Castellanos J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThere are no comparative studies in postharvest quality of Mexican Christmas trees. The objective of this study was to identify the best postharvest performing Mexican cultivated species. The experiment was done in the 2004-2005 season with six replications (trees) of Abies religiosa, Cupressus lindleyi, Pinus ayacahuite, and Pseudotsuga menziesii; from two provenances (Tlaxcala and Veracruz) for the last two species. Cultural management was similar. Each tree was placed under dry conditions according to a completely randomized design. Secondary branches, twig diameter and density, initial and final weight, biomass allocation, areas and volumes, total and twig moisture content, foliage density, color, chlorophyll a/b ratio, CO2 and ethylene production were evaluated. Analyses of variance, comparisons of means, correlation, and simple regression were performed. The four studied species displayed undesirable characteristics. Genetic improvement is required. P. menziesii showed values nearer ideotype breeding in more variables. The best provenance was Tlaxcala. Several correlations between variables showed tradeoffs in selecting the best species.
Genetic Performance and Maximizing Genetic Gain Through Direct and Indirect Selection in Cherrybark Oak
Authors: Adams J. P. , Rousseau R. J. , Adams J. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn 1987, an open-pollinated test of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagodae Raf.) was established on a loess site in Carlisle County, Kentucky. The test contained 37 half-sib families representing eight provenances from Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. Height measurements were taken at ages one, three, five, ten, and fifteen, and diameter at ages five, ten, and fifteen. Significant differences existed among provenances and among families within provenances. Seed sources from the west-central Mississippi area performed better for both diameter and height, yet no overall geographic trend was apparent. The top three families were all from the Warren Co., Mississippi source while two of the top three diameter families were from Washington Co., MS and the third was from Warren Co., Mississippi. Survival among the eight provenances was constant from age one to ten. A drop in survival was shown between ages 10 and 15, probably a result of inter-tree competition. Height and diameter growth between ages five and 10 was nearly double that prior to age five and between ages 10 and 15. Family heritabilities for height and diameter were calculated for each measurement year. Family heritabilities for diameter ranged from 0.55 to 0.70 while height ranged from 0.50 to 0.70. Strong age-age correlations for height, diameter, and volume were found indicating good trait predictability from early measurements. Genetic gain equations were used to identify the optimum selection age and trait for maximizing age 15 volume. Early selection of families within provenances should yield gains in height, diameter, and volume.
Variation in Clone Fertility and its Effect on the Gene Diversity of Seeds From a Seed Orchard of Chamaecyparis obtusa in Korea
Authors: Kang K. S. , Mullin T. J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Male and female strobilus production was assessed annually over a four-year period for a clonal seed orchard of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) in Korea. Clonal fertility and fertility variation, expressed by both sibling coefficient and coefficient of variation in strobilus production among 50 orchard clones, were reported. Fertility varied among clones and among years producing four-year averages per ramet of 510.2 and 1050.6 for female and male strobili, respectively. The correlation between female and male strobilus production was positive in each of the four years studied and, with the exception of one year, statistically significant. The clonal status number (Ns), a measure of gene diversity, was calculated based on the observed clonal fertility variation and varied from 28.0 (N = 50) in the poorest flowering year (2002) to 46.7 in the best year (2005). On average (pooled), the relative status number was 95% of the census number (N). Variation in female fertility was generally higher than that for male fertility, and this variation was reflected in the status numbers of female and male parents. The pooled Ns estimated from all four years was higher than that for any single year, implying that gene diversity would increase when seeds collected from different years are pooled. Sexual asymmetry calculations showed that clonal contributions would be balanced between genders.
Problems in the Analysis of Genetic Differentiation Among Populations – a Case Study in Quercus robur
Authors: Gregorius H.-R. , Degen B. , König A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe conclusions drawn from studies of genetic differentiation among populations largely determine our understanding of ecological and population genetic processes. These conclusions basically depend on the applied type of genetic marker and the method of measuring and estimating genetic differentation. However, concerns have been raised about the conceptual appropriateness of common methods of measuring genetic differentiation. The present paper contributes to the clarification of the problems involved by recalling the conceptual characteristics of FST(= GST), by specifying basic tests of the major causal factors of genetic differentiation with the help of permutation analysis, by comparing FSTand Hedrick’s new normalization F’ST with the basic index δ of differentiation for data on allozymes and microsatellites obtained from 6 oak stands. All three descriptors display small values, among which δ is largest and closely followed by F’ST, while FSTis distinctly smaller than both across all loci. Degrees of covariation of δ with FSTand F’ST differ distinctly between allozymes and microsatellites as a probable consequence of confounding aspects of differentiation with aspects of fixation in the FSTdescriptors. Permutation analysis reveals that the boundary conditions provided by the number of populations and their (sample) sizes as well as the overall genetic variation across population samples determine the order of magnitude of differentiation. This mathematical artefact undermines the widely held opinion that small degrees of differentiation at many loci are the result of extensive gene flow or recent joint history. Differentation patterns vary considerably among allozyme loci (indicating the action of homogenizing and diversifying selection). In contrast, microsatellite loci consistently display significant differentiation as can be explained by mechanisms of non-recurrent mutation. These observations apply to all three descriptors for the relatively high within population polymorphism observed in the studied stands. At least for low within population polymorphism close to fixation, however, it is shown theoretically that the predictions may diverge distinctly among the three descriptors.
Cross-Species Amplification of Coconut Microsatellite Markers in Rattans
Authors: Nageswara Rao M. , Ramesha B. T. , Ravikanth G. , Ganeshaiah K. N. , Shaanker R. Uma 
Published: October 2017

Summary
Cross-species amplification of microsatellite loci is considered to be a time-saving as well as a cost-effective approach for developing locus specific markers for new species. In an attempt to identify molecular markers to determine gene flow events and genetic differentiation of populations in rattans, microsatellite primer pairs developed for Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae) were examined for cross-species amplification in rattans. Of the six microsatellite primer pairs screened, two (CNZ34 and CN2A5) yielded good cross-species amplification across different rattan genera and species from South and Southeast Asia. Based on microsatellite-specific PCR amplification products, cluster analysis was performed. The dendrogram indicated a clear grouping of rattans based on their genera and species. The coconut locus specific primer pairs could be successfully used to construct molecular differentiation of rattan genera across different geographical locations.
Main and Interaction Effects of Factors on Softwood Cutting of White Poplar (Populus alba L.).
Authors: Harfouche A. , Baoune N. , Merazga H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
White poplar is an important species for reforesting riparian sites in Algeria, but efficient techniques are still to be perfected. The study investigates the feasibility of softwood cutting as a method of propagation of the species. Results showed that sand or gravel, used as substrate, do not determine significant differences in rooting percent, but exert an influence on the quality and vigour of roots of cuttings. The findings, also, suggest that softwood cutting of the species would be most efficient if root suckers and/or sticklings were the sources of cuttings. Moreover, summer is the best period for achieving good results, while IBA treatments would have little effect on the rooting response of cuttings. Significant stand and individual within stand variation in rooting response of cuttings was found. However, the low or moderate broad sense heritabilities suggest that microsite effects at the individual scale could influence significantly the results. Overall, the results of the investigations suggest that selection of stands and, individuals within stands with good rooting ability, together with taking care with respect to factors such as the period of cuttings collection and the sources of cuttings, could achieve real progress in vegetative propagation of white poplar in Algeria.