bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Saturation of Fluid Turbulence in Breaking Laboratory Waves and Implications for Whitecaps
Authors: Deane Grant B. , Stokes M. Dale , Callaghan Adrian H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMeasurements of energy dissipated in breaking laboratory waves, averaged over time and space and directly visualized with a bioluminescent technique, are presented. These data show that the energy dissipated in the crest of the breaking waves is constrained: average turbulence intensity within the crest saturates at around 0.5–1.2 W kg−1, whereas breaking crest volume scales with wave energy lost. These results are consistent with laboratory and field observations of the Hinze scale, which is the radius of the largest bubble entrained within a breaking crest that is stabilized against turbulent fragmentation. The Hinze scale depends on turbulence intensity but lies in the restricted range 0.7–1.7 mm over more than two orders of magnitude variation in underlying unbroken wave energy. The results have important implications for understanding the energetics of breaking waves in the field, the injection of turbulence into the upper ocean, and air–sea exchange processes in wind-driven seas.
Tidally Driven Processes Leading to Near-Field Turbulence in a Channel at the Crest of the Mendocino Escarpment
Authors: Musgrave R. C. , MacKinnon J. A. , Pinkel R. , Waterhouse A. F. , Nash J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn situ observations of tidally driven turbulence were obtained in a small channel that transects the crest of the Mendocino Ridge, a site of mixed (diurnal and semidiurnal) tides. Diurnal tides are subinertial at this latitude, and once per day a trapped tide leads to large flows through the channel giving rise to tidal excursion lengths comparable to the width of the ridge crest. During these times, energetic turbulence is observed in the channel, with overturns spanning almost half of the full water depth. A high-resolution, nonhydrostatic, 2.5-dimensional simulation is used to interpret the observations in terms of the advection of a breaking tidal lee wave that extends from the ridge crest to the surface and the subsequent development of a hydraulic jump on the flanks of the ridge. Modeled dissipation rates show that turbulence is strongest on the flanks of the ridge and that local dissipation accounts for 28% of the energy converted from the barotropic tide into baroclinic motion.
Competing Effects of Elevated Vertical Mixing and Increased Freshwater Input on the Stratification and Sea Ice Cover in a Changing Arctic Ocean
Authors: Davis Peter E. D. , Lique Camille , Johnson Helen L. , Guthrie John D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is undergoing a period of rapid transition. Freshwater input is projected to increase, and the decline in Arctic sea ice is likely to drive periodic increases in vertical mixing during ice-free periods. Here, a 1D model of the Arctic Ocean is used to explore how these competing processes will affect the stratification, the stability of the cold halocline, and the sea ice cover at the surface. Initially, stronger shear leads to elevated vertical mixing that causes the mixed layer to warm. The change in temperature, however, is too small to affect the sea ice cover. Most importantly, in the Eurasian Basin, the elevated shear also deepens the halocline and strengthens the stratification over the Atlantic Water thermocline, reducing the vertical heat flux. After about a decade this effect dominates, and the mixed layer begins to cool. The sea ice cover can only be significantly affected if the elevated mixing is sufficient to erode the stratification barrier associated with the cold halocline. While freshwater generally dominates in the Canadian Basin (further isolating the mixed layer from the Atlantic Water layer), in the Eurasian Basin elevated shear reduces the strength of the stratification barrier, potentially allowing Atlantic Water heat to be directly entrained into the mixed layer during episodic mixing events. Therefore, although most sea ice retreat to date has occurred in the Canadian Basin, the results here suggest that, in future decades, elevated vertical mixing may play a more significant role in sea ice melt in the Eurasian Basin.
Religious Pluralism and New Political Identities in Latin America
Authors: Parker Cristián 
Published: February 2016

The role of religion in Latin American politics can no longer be interpreted with reductionist schemes. The faithful—citizens—are combining faith and politics in unprecedented ways, and churches and denominations are no longer factors of political identity. The reconfiguration of new social and political movements interweaves complex linkages with the religious. The transformations of the political field and especially of democratic processes have reshaped identities in a context of increasing religious and cultural diversity with relatively less Catholic presence and greater Evangelical presence. Institutional secularization and religious pluralism seem to go hand in hand with a new cleavage between religion and politics. La presencia de lo religioso en el campo político latinoamericano ya no puede ser interpretada con esquemas reduccionistas. Los fieles—ciudadanos—entremezclan fe y política de maneras inéditas, y las iglesias y denominaciones ya no son factor de identidad política. La re-configuración de los nuevos movimientos sociales y políticos entretejen vinculaciones complejas con lo religioso. Las transformaciones del campo político y en especial de los procesos democráticos han redefinido las identidades en un contexto de diversidad religiosa y cultural creciente con menor presencia relativa católica y mayor presencia evangélica. Secularización institucional y garantía del pluralismo religioso parecen ir de la mano con un nuevo clivaje entre religión y política.
The role of occupational therapists in the provision of dietary interventions for people with severe mental illness: Results from a national survey
Authors: Williams Lauren , Magin Prudence , Sultana Joshua , Haracz Kirsti 
Published: February 2016

Introduction People living with severe mental illness are at least twice as likely to be obese as the general population, partly due to lifestyle risk factors including poor diet quality. This study aims to quantify how Australian mental health occupational therapists address the dietary issues of people with severe mental illness. Method A 23-item cross-sectional online survey was distributed via email to all members of Occupational Therapy Australia, with those working in mental health (an estimated 305 members) invited to participate. Response frequencies were analysed in SPSS. Open-ended comments were subjected to thematic analysis. Results Eight-six eligible participants (28.2% of the target population) completed the full survey. Most (81%) felt confident in providing healthy eating advice, with 76% reporting being self-educated about nutrition. Dietitian support for complex advice was seen as beneficial by 88%, but only 30% reported reasonable access to dietitians. Qualitative themes included: accessing dietitians, information and education, and putting advice into practice. Conclusion There is potential to enhance the credentialling and continuing education of occupational therapists and improve inter-professional collaboration with dietitians to assist the occupational therapist in achieving better health and reducing the burden of chronic disease for people experiencing severe mental illness.
Decentralisation of the minimum wage setting in Russia: Causes and consequences
Authors: Lukiyanova Anna , Vishnevskaya Nina 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this article, we study the minimum wage setting reform in Russia that aimed to decentralise the fixing of the minimum wage and to increase the involvement of social partners into this process. The old system of minimum wage setting was based on a single nationwide minimum wage which was differentiated across regions and occupations via a cumbersome framework of coefficients. The new system is a mixture of the government-set minimum wage at the federal level and collective agreements at the regional level. We show that the system of minimum wage setting has become more flexible. The reform succeeded in raising the real value of the minimum wage and increasing earnings of low-paid workers without causing significant negative effects in terms of employment. The reform did not lead to greater regional variation of minimum wages. Nevertheless, it introduced some new imbalances: an unintended consequence of the reform was the emergence of separate regional wage sub-minima for private and public sector workers in many regions. The major challenge in coming years is to strengthen the institutions of collective bargaining, introduce evidence-based evaluation and boost the capacities of government and non-government monitoring agencies.
Causes of secondary deformity after surgery to correct Wassel type IV-D thumb duplication
Authors: He B. , Nan G. 
Published: February 2016

This study was undertaken to document the causes of secondary deformities after surgery for correction of Wassel type IV-D thumb duplication. We carefully dissected and observed the flexor pollicis longus, and bone and joint anatomy in eight patients with secondary deformities after surgical correction. We transferred the flexor pollicis longus and thenar muscle attachments, reconstructed the A2 pulley, released and tightened the joint capsule, and performed osteotomies to correct skeletal malalignment. Kirschner wire fixation was used for 4–5 weeks, followed by brace fixation for 3 months. Patients were followed up for 13–34 months (mean 20 months). According to the Tada scores, the outcomes were good in six patients, and fair and poor in one patient each. The main causes of the secondary deformities were failure to reconstruct the A2 pulley, to transfer the flexor pollicis longus and thenar muscles, and incomplete resection of the radial metacarpal head. Brace fixation after Kirschner wire removal is crucial in preventing secondary deformities. Level of evidence: IV
Delays and interruptions in the acute medical unit clerking process: an observational study
Authors: Basey Avril J , Kennedy Thomas D , Mackridge Adam J , Krska Janet 
Published: February 2016

Objectives It is recommended that patients are seen within 4 h of arrival in Acute Medical Units in English hospitals. This study explored the frequency and nature of interruptions and delays potentially affecting the duration of the Acute Medical Unit admission process and the quality of care provided. Design The admission process was directly observed for patients admitted to the Acute Medical Unit over four one-week periods, November 2009 to April 2011. Setting UK teaching hospital Acute Medical Unit. Participants Hospital staff n = 36. Main outcome measures Patient waiting times, duration of clerking, number of interruptions and/or delays. Results Thirty-five doctors and one nurse practitioner were observed admitting 71 medical patients, 48/71 (68%) patients were clerked within 4 h of arrival. A delay and/or interruption affected 49/71 (69%) patients. Sixty-six interruptions were observed in 36/71 (51%) of admissions, of these 19/36 (53%) were interrupted more than once. The grade of doctor had no bearing on the frequency of interruption; however, clerking took significantly longer when interrupted; overall doctors grade ST1 and above were quicker at clerking than foundation doctors. Delays affected 31/71 (44%) of admissions, 14/31 (45%) involved X-rays or ECGs; other causes of delays included problems with equipment and computers. Conclusion Interruptions and delays regularly occurred during the admission process in the study hospital which impacts adversely on patient experience and compliance with the recommended 4-h timeframe, further work is required to assess the impact on patient safety. Data obtained from this observational study were used to guide operational changes to improve the process.
CANPMR syndrome and chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome coexist in two related individuals affected by simultaneous haplo-insufficiency of CAMTA1 and NFIA genes
Authors: Coci Emanuele G. , Koehler Udo , Liehr Thomas , Stelzner Armin , Fink Christian , Langen Hendrik , Riedel Joachim 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
Non-progressive cerebellar ataxia with mental retardation (CANPMR, OMIM 614756) and chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome (OMIM 613735) are two very rare inherited disorders, which are caused by mono-allelic deficiency (haplo-insufficiency) of calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1) and, respectively, nuclear factor 1 A (NFIA) genes. The yet reported patients affected by mono-allelic CAMTA1 dysfunction presented with neonatal hypotonia, delayed and ataxic gait, cerebellar atrophy, psychological delay and speech impairment, while individuals carrying a disrupted NFIA allele suffered from agenesis/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, developmental delay and urinary tract abnormalities. Both disorders were not seen in one patient together before.

Results
In this study two related individuals affected by a complex clinical syndrome, characterized by cognitive, neurological and nephrological features were studied for the underlying genetic disorder(s) by molecular cytogenetics. The two individuals present dysmorphic facies, macrocephaly, generalized ataxia, mild tremor, strabismus, mild mental retardation and kidney hypoplasia. Moreover, neuro-radiological studies showed hypoplasia of corpus callosum. Genetic investigations revealed a paracentric inversion in the short arm of one chromosome 1 with breakpoints within CAMTA1 and NFIA coding sequences.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of two patients harboring the simultaneous mono-allelic disruptions and consequent haplo-insufficiencies of two genes due to an inversion event. Disruption of CAMTA1 and NFIA genes led to neuro-psychological and nephrological dysfunctions, which comprised clinical features of CANPMR syndrome as well as chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome.
A fixed point problem under two constraint inequalities
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLet $(X,d)$
(
X
,
d
)
be a metric space. Suppose that the set X is equipped with two partial orders ⪯1 and ⪯2. Let $T,A,B,C,D: X\to X$
T
,
A
,
B
,
C
,
D
:
X
→
X
be given operators. We provide sufficient conditions for the existence of a fixed point of T satisfying the two constraint inequalities: $Ax\preceq_{1} Bx$
A
x

⪯
1

B
x
and $Cx\preceq_{2} Dx$
C
x

⪯
2

D
x
.
IGSF1 Deficiency: Lessons From an Extensive Case Series and Recommendations for Clinical Management
Authors: Joustra S. D. , Heinen C. A. , Schoenmakers N. , Bonomi M. , Ballieux B. E. P. B. , Turgeon M.-O. , Bernard D. J. , Fliers E. , van Trotsenburg A. S. P. , Losekoot M. , Persani L. , Wit J. M. , Biermasz N. R. , Pereira A. M. , Oostdijk W. ,   on behalf of the IGSF1 Clinical Care Group
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Context:
Mutations in the immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1 (IGSF1) gene cause the X-linked IGSF1 deficiency syndrome consisting of central hypothyroidism, delayed pubertal testosterone rise, adult macroorchidism, variable prolactin deficiency, and occasionally transient partial GH deficiency. Since our first reports, we discovered 20 new families with 18 new pathogenic IGSF1 mutations.

Objective:
We aimed to share data on the largest cohort of patients with IGSF1 deficiency to date and formulate recommendations for clinical management.

Methods:
We collected clinical and biochemical characteristics of 69 male patients (35 children, 34 adults) and 56 female IGSF1 mutation carriers (three children, 53 adults) from 30 unrelated families according to a standardized clinical protocol. At evaluation, boys were treated with levothyroxine in 89%, adult males in 44%, and females in 5% of cases.

Results:
Additional symptoms in male patients included small thyroid gland volume (74%), high birth weight (25%), and large head circumference (20%). In general, the timing of pubertal testicular growth was normal or even premature, in contrast to a late rise in T levels. Late adrenarche was observed in patients with prolactin deficiency, and adult dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations were decreased in 40%. Hypocortisolism was observed in 6 of 28 evaluated newborns, although cortisol concentrations were normal later. Waist circumference of male patients was increased in 60%, but blood lipids were normal. Female carriers showed low free T4 (FT4) and low-normal FT4 in 18% and 60%, respectively, delayed age at menarche in 31%, mild prolactin deficiency in 22%, increased waist circumference in 57%, and a negative correlation between FT4 concentrations and metabolic parameters.

Conclusion:
IGSF1 deficiency represents the most common genetic cause of central hypothyroidism and is associated with multiple other characteristics. Based on these results, we provide recommendations for mutational analysis, endocrine work-up, and long-term care.
Calsyntenin1-mediated trafficking of axon guidance receptors regulates the switch in axonal responsiveness at a choice point
Authors: Alther Tobias A. , Domanitskaya Elena , Stoeckli Esther T. 
Published: February 2016

Axon guidance at choice points depends on the precise regulation of guidance receptors on the growth cone surface. Upon arrival at the intermediate target or choice point, a switch from attraction to repulsion is required for the axon to move on. Dorsal commissural (dI1) axons crossing the ventral midline of the spinal cord in the floor plate represent a convenient model for the analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying the switch in axonal behavior.
We identified a role of Calsyntenin1 in the regulation of vesicular trafficking of guidance receptors in dI1 axons at choice points. In cooperation with RabGDI, Calsyntenin1 shuttles Rab11-positive vesicles containing Robo1 to the growth cone surface in a precisely regulated manner. In contrast, Calsyntenin1-mediated trafficking of Frizzled3, a guidance receptor in the Wnt pathway, is independent of RabGDI. Thus, tightly regulated insertion of guidance receptors, which is required for midline crossing and the subsequent turn into the longitudinal axis, is achieved by specific trafficking.
Distribusi butiran sedimen di pantai Dalegan, Gresik, Jawa Timur
Authors: Bayhaqi Ahmad , Dungga Caesar M.A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Erosion or sedimentation process is an important thing to know the condition of beach. That process can be noticed from sediment’s feature. Meanwhile, the particle size of sediment is of paramount thing than other feature such as speed of deposition and mass density. This study was conducted to find out distribution of particle size in Dalegan beach. Samples were collected from 15 sampling sites in different zones (zone A: lowest tide zone, zone B: 5 meters from zone A, zone C: 5 meters from zone B) with purposive sampling method. Sediments were grouped by Wentworth scale. Sieve and Granulometry analysis were used in this research to know type of sediment and its distribution. Results of study showed that the dominant of sediment type is fine sand. The spreading of this type be more dominant to the open sea and west direction along the coast. The condition of this spreading can be potential to make a change of beach condition.Keywords: Particle size; Sediment; Fine Sand; GranulometryAbstrak. Proses erosi dan sedimentasi adalah hal yang penting untuk mengetahui kondisi pantai. Proses tersebut dapat diketahui dengan sifat-sifat sedimen. Ukuran butir sedimen merupakan hal yang terpenting diantara sifat-sifat sedimen yang lainnya seperti kecepatan endap dan kepadatan massa. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran butir sedimen di Pantai Dalegan. Sampel dikumpulkan dari 15 titik sampling yang berbeda dari 3 zona (zona A : zona surut terendah, zona B : zona 5 meter dari zona A dan zona C : zona 5 meter dari zona B) menggunakan purposive sampling method. Sedimen dikelompokkan dengan skala Wenworth. Analisis ayakan dan granulometri digunakan untuk mengetahui jenis sedimen dan penyebaran ukuran butirnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis sedimen yang mendominasi adalah pasir halus. Penyebaran jenis sedimen ini lebih cenderung dominan ke arah laut terbuka dan semakin ke barat dari pantai. Kondisi penyebaran distribusi ukuran butir sedimen dapat berpotesi membuat perubahan pada kondisi pantai.Kata kunci : Ukuran Butir; Sedimen; Pasir Halus; Granulometri
Differences in Family Planning Services by Rural–urban Geography: Survey of Title X–Supported Clinics In Great Plains and Midwestern States
Authors: Martins Summer L. , Starr Katherine A. , Hellerstedt Wendy L. , Gilliam Melissa L. 
Published: February 2016

CONTEXTUnderstanding the nature of rural–urban variation in U.S. family planning services would help address disparities in unmet contraceptive need.METHODSIn 2012, some 558 Title X–supported clinics in 16 Great Plains and Midwestern states were surveyed. Rural–urban commuting area (RUCA) codes were used to categorize clinic locations as urban, large rural city, small rural town or isolated small rural town. Bivariate analyses examined key domains of service provision by RUCA category and clinic type.RESULTSThe proportion of clinics offering walk‐in appointments was lower in isolated small rural towns (47%) than in the other RUCA categories (67–73%). Results were similar for sites that do not specialize in family planning or reproductive health, but no variation was seen among specialty clinics. Overall, availability of evening or weekend appointments varied in a linear fashion, falling from 73% in urban areas to 29% in isolated small rural towns. On‐site provision of most hormonal methods was most common in urban areas and least common in isolated small rural towns, while provision of nonhormonal methods was similar across RUCA categories. Sixty percent of clinics provided IUDs or implants. For clinics that did not, the only barriers that varied geographically were low IUD demand and lack of trained IUD providers; these barriers were most common in isolated rural towns (42% and 70%, respectively).CONCLUSIONSWhile important characteristics, such as clinics’ specialization (or lack thereof), are linked to the provision of family planning services, geographic disparities exist.
Progressive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy after Heart Transplantation: Insights and Mechanisms Suggested by Multimodal Images
Authors: Ananthasubramaniam Karthik , Garikapati Kiran , Williams Celeste T. 
Published: February 2016

Immunosuppression is the typical measure to prevent rejection after heart transplantation. Although rejection is the usual cause of cardiac hypertrophy, numerous other factors warrant consideration. Calcineurin inhibitors rarely cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; the few relevant reports have described children after orthotopic kidney or liver transplantation. We present the case of a 73-year-old woman, an asymptomatic orthotopic heart transplantation patient, in whom chronic immunosuppression with prednisone and cyclosporine apparently caused a phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The natural course of her midapical hypertrophy was revealed by single-photon-emission computed tomography, positron-emission tomography, and 2-dimensional echocardiography.
Clinicians and radiographers should be alert to progressive left ventricular hypertrophy and various perfusion patterns in heart transplantation patients even in the absence of underlying coronary artery disease. Toward this end, we recommend that advanced imaging methods be used to their fullest extent.