bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Resources and Soil Management In Italy
Authors: Arcieri Marco 
Published: April 2016

AbstractItaly has always had a long dramatic history of extreme events such as landslides, flooding, land degradation and drought. Much has been done in terms of prevention and monitoring but still there is much left to do, in particular introducing innovative alert systems based on the integration of real‐time weather forecasting with national alert and protection systems.Recent drought events in the past decade have put new light on the pressing need to improve water use efficiency, introducing on one hand new criteria regarding water resources governance and management by water authorities and agencies involved in this, and on the other, fostering innovative techniques that may enable farmers to improve overall economic and sustainable production by adopting rigorous criteria in terms of managing techniques such as water scheduling. A great effort on this matter has been made by the National Association of Land Reclamation and Irrigation Consortia (ANBI), by introducing and spreading the use of the innovative IRRIFRAME software. IRRIFRAME is an expert system the use of which has allowed the saving up to today, according to data published by ANBI, something between 15 and 25% of water for farmers, increasing both the quantity and quality of agricultural production at the same time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimally invasive screening for colitis using attenuated total internal reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Titus Jitto , Viennois Emilie , Merlin Didier , Unil Perera A. G. 
Published: April 2016

This article describes a rapid, simple and cost‐effective technique that could lead to a screening method for colitis without the need for biopsies or in vivo measurements. This screening technique includes the testing of serum using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy for the colitis‐induced increased presence of mannose. Chronic (Interleukin 10 knockout) and acute (Dextran Sodium Sulphate‐induced) models for colitis are tested using the ATR‐FTIR technique. Arthritis (Collagen Antibody Induced Arthritis) and metabolic syndrome (Toll like receptor 5 knockout) models are also tested as controls. The marker identified as mannose uniquely screens and distinguishes the colitic from the non‐colitic samples and the controls. The reference or the baseline spectrum could be the pooled and averaged spectra of non‐colitic samples or the subject's previous sample spectrum. This shows the potential of having individualized route maps of disease status, leading to personalized diagnosis and drug management.
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Detection of Apoptotic Lymphocytes Through Sysmex XN‐1000 As a Diagnostic Marker for Mononucleosis Syndrome
Authors: Sale Silvia , Carone Addolorata Emanuela , Fumi Maurizio , Pancione Ylenia , Rocco Vincenzo 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe infectious mononucleosis (IM) includes clue elements, apoptotic and atypical lymphocytes. In IM, the evaluation of dot plot provided by Sysmex XN‐1000 analyzer revealed a stretched lymphocytic cluster, white cell differential channel (WDF), on cytogram.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed 698 samples that include 39 IM, 76 chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, 25 nonclonal lymphocytosis, and 40 healthy donors. Five hundred eighteen samples with other diseases or interference were evaluated. The algorithm was validated on 40,000 files that were received from internal database of Sysmex‐Dasit.ResultsThe analysis of flow cytometry standard (FCS) files in WDF channel and presumed apoptotic lymphocytes counts on side scatter/forward scatter (SSC/FSC) and SSC/SFL (where SFL is side fluorescence) dot plot revealed excellent correlation among apoptotic cells on peripheral blood smear (R2 = 0.79 and 0.75). There was a variation of positional parameters in lymphocyte clusters WX, WY, and WZ. If WX‐SSC > 500 and WY‐SFL > 1,000 and WZ‐FSC > 700, specificity equals to 99% and sensitivity equals to 100%. If nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) <0.03 × 103/μl, specificity equals to 100%. In received files, positives were 1% adding the simultaneous presence of a percentage of events in the two gates relating to the apoptotic lymphocytes of 1.2% of WBC.ConclusionOn Sysmex XN‐1000, dot‐plot observation allowed immediate detection of IM. Meanwhile, an algorithm based on the parameters on these plots can be calculated with excellent performance.
Integrating Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography and Conventional Pharmacokinetic Studies to Delineate Plasma and Tumor Pharmacokinetics of FAU, a Prodrug Bioactivated by Thymidylate Synthase
Authors: Li Jing , Kim Seongho , Shields Anthony F. , Douglas Kirk A. , McHugh Christopher I. , Lawhorn‐Crews Jawana M. , Wu Jianmei , Mangner Thomas J. , LoRusso Patricia M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFAU, a pyrimidine nucleotide analogue, is a prodrug bioactivated by intracellular thymidylate synthase to form FMAU, which is incorporated into DNA, causing cell death. This study presents a model‐based approach to integrating dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) and conventional plasma pharmacokinetic studies to characterize the plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of FAU and FMAU. Twelve cancer patients were enrolled into a phase 1 study, where conventional plasma pharmacokinetic evaluation of therapeutic FAU (50–1600 mg/m2) and dynamic PET assessment of 18F‐FAU were performed. A parent‐metabolite population pharmacokinetic model was developed to simultaneously fit PET‐derived tissue data and conventional plasma pharmacokinetic data. The developed model enabled separation of PET‐derived total tissue concentrations into the parent drug and metabolite components. The model provides quantitative, mechanistic insights into the bioactivation of FAU and retention of FMAU in normal and tumor tissues and has potential utility to predict tumor responsiveness to FAU treatment.
Transformation Reactions of Radicals from the Oxidation of Diphenhydramine: Pulse Radiolysis and Mass Spectrometric Studies
Authors: Menachery Sunil Paul M. , Nair Sreekanth R. , Nair Pramod G. , Aravind Usha K. , Aravindakumar Charuvila T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMechanistic aspects of diphenhydramine (DPH) oxidation induced by hydroxyl (•OH) and sulfate (SO4•−) radicals have been explored in detail by pulse radiolysis technique and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The transient absorption spectrum along with HRMS analysis undoubtedly established the non‐position selective hydroxylation of DPH by •OH (a; k2 = (1.08 ± 0.06) × 1010 dm3 mol−1 s−1; λmax: 335 nm) led to various transformation products (i ‐ vii) including isomeric mono (Ia‐d), di (IIa‐c) and tri (VIIa‐e) hydroxylated analogues. On the other hand, SO4•− (specific one electron oxidant) ultimately generates another hydroxylated adduct radical ‘c’ λmax: 330 nm, k2=(5.70 ± 0.03) × 109dm3 mol−1 s−1) which is formed as a result of preferential hydroxylation of initially formed radical cation ‘b’ at ipso position. The mechanism leading to the formation of various transformation products induced by •OH and SO4•− are thoroughly discussed. The mechanistic findings obtained from our studies (especially in the case of less investigated oxidant like SO4•−) are capable to enrich the fundamental understanding on environmentally relevant reactions initiated by •OH and SO4•−.
Amorphization of a Ru‐Ru‐Cd‐Coordination Polymer at Low Pressure
Authors: Scalambra Franco , Serrano‐Ruiz Manuel , Gudat Dietrich , Romerosa Antonio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe water soluble backbone heterometallic polymer {[{(PTA)2CpRu‐µ‐CN‐RuCp(PTA)2}‐µ‐CdCl3]}n (1), which is easily obtained in large amount, was synthesized and its structure determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Coordination‐polymer 1 becomes amorphous when milled under low pressure (0.5 MPa). The amorphous compound was characterized by MAS‐NMR, elemental analysis, TG and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of the coordination polymer was assigned by comparison with the Raman spectrum obtained by DFT calculation of a simple model of 1. The analysis of both calculated and experimental Raman spectra showed that Raman spectroscopy can be used to determine if the PTA ligand is mono‐ or bidentate, giving rise to a method for characterization and future studies of polymeric complexes containing bidentate PTA. The phase transformation of 1 under pressure and temperature was studied by PXR, showing how is possible to model easily this Ru‐Ru‐Cd inorganic polymer into a variety of different solid forms with possible new properties.
A First‐Principles Study on the Electronic, Vibrational, and Thermodynamic Properties of Jadeite and its Tentative Low‐Density Polymorph
Authors: Stoffel Ralf Peter , Philipps Katharina , Conradt Reinhard , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe high‐pressure clinopyroxene mineral jadeite (chemical composition NaAlSi2O6) was studied by density‐functional theory with respect to its electronic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties, correctly reproducing the available experimental data. At a larger‐than‐normal volume, however, a low‐density alumosilicate phase with tetrahedral instead of octahedral Al–O coordination was identified. This low‐density phase was investigated theoretically, too, and the results were compared to jadeite and experimentally observed properties of what has been dubbed jadeite glass. It turned out that the theoretically obtained properties of this hypothetical polymorph, such as the bulk modulus, the molar volume and the vibrational frequencies, agree well with the corresponding properties of the glass phase. Hence, from an inverse structure‐property relationship we propose to model jadeite glass with the aforementioned low‐density alumosilicate phase and tetrahedral Al–O motifs, as suggested from first principles and corroborated from experiment. The possibilities as well as the limitations of electronic, phonon and thermodynamic properties calculations applied to such a polymorph are also discussed.
Tailored circulatory intervention in adults with pulmonary hypertension due to congenital heart disease
Authors: Couperus L. E. , Henkens I. R. , Jongbloed M. R. M. , Hazekamp M. G. , Schalij M. J. , Vliegen H. W. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background
Adults with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PH-CHD) often have residual shunts. Invasive interventions aim to optimise pulmonary flow and prevent right ventricular failure. However, eligibility for procedures strongly depends on the adaptation potential of the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle to resultant circulatory changes. Current guidelines are not sufficiently applicable to individual patients, who exhibit great diversity and complexity in cardiac anomalies.

Methods and Results
We present four complex adult PH-CHD patients with impaired pulmonary flow, including detailed graphics of the cardiopulmonary circulation. All these patients had an ambiguous indication for shunt intervention. Our local multidisciplinary Grown-Ups with Congenital Heart Disease team reached consensus regarding a patient-tailored invasive treatment strategy, adjacent to relevant guidelines. Interventions improved pulmonary haemodynamics and short-term clinical functioning in all cases.

Conclusions
Individual evaluation of disease characteristics is mandatory for tailored interventional treatment in PH-CHD patients, adjacent to relevant guidelines. Both strict registration of cases and multidisciplinary and multicentre collaboration are essential in the quest for optimal therapy in this patient population.
Enhanced flow visualisation of complex aerodynamic phenomena using automatic stream surface seeding with application to the BLOODHOUND SSC Land Speed Record vehicle
Authors: Edmunds M. , Evans B. , Masters I. , Laramee R. S. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis application paper describes a novel, cluster-based, semi-automatic, stream surface placement strategy for structured and unstructured computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data, tailored towards a specific application: The BLOODHOUND jet and rocket propelled land speed record vehicle. An existing automatic stream surface placement algorithm(8), is extensively modified to cater for large unstructured CFD simulation data. The existing algorithm uses hierarchical clustering of velocity and distance vectors to find potential stream surface seeding locations. This work replaces the hierarchical clustering algorithm, designed to work with small regular grids, with a K-means clustering approach suitable for large unstructured grids. Modifications are made to the seeding curve construction algorithm, improving the smoothness and distribution of the discretised curve in complex cases. A new distance function is described which allows the user to target particular characteristics of simulation data. The proposed algorithm reduces the required memory footprint and computational requirement compared to previous work(8). The performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated, and CFD domain expert evaluation is provided describing the value of this approach.
Reduced-order modelling of non-linear, transient aerodynamics of the HIRENASD wing
Authors: Lindhorst K. , Haupt M.C. , Horst P. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a surrogate model approach for non-linear aerodynamics is presented in order to reduce the computational effort of coupled aeroelastic analyses. The usability of the approach is demonstrated in static as well as transient aeroelastic analyses of the HIRENASD wing-fuselage configuration. Furthermore, it is shown that the surrogate model approach is able to cover variations of flow conditions at a fixed Mach and Reynolds number.
Parametric Studies of Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composite Laminates Under Low-Velocity Impact
Authors: Lin Y.-C. , Chen Y.-L. , Chen H.-W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the paper, the influence of shape memory alloy (SMA) by varying the parameters such as volume fraction, orientation, and temperature on the hybrid-SMA composite laminate subjected to low-velocity impact is studied. A theoretical model for the composite laminated plate bonded with SMA reinforced layers is presented. The constitutive relation of the SMA layer is obtained by using the method of micromechanics. The governing relations obtained can be used for theoretical predications of thermomechanical properties of SMA plies in this paper. The analytical expressions for the hybrid SMA composite plate are derived based on Tanaka's constitutive equation and linear phase transformation kinetics presented by Liang and Rogers.The laminated plate theory, first-order shear deformation theory and minimal potential energy principle is utilized to solve the governing equations of the hybrid composite plate and calculate the absorbed energies including tensile, shear and bending.An orthogonal array and analysis of variance is employed to investigate the influence of the mentioned parameters on the energy absorption of the hybrid laminated plate. The results showed that the effects of the phase transformation temperature are more significant than the effects of the volume fraction and orientation of SMA on structural energy absorption.
LOW-INPUT PINEAPPLE CROPS WITH HIGH QUALITY FRUIT: PROMISING IMPACTS OF LOCALLY INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC FERTILISATION COMPARED TO CHEMICAL FERTILISERS
Authors: DARNAUDERY MARIE , FOURNIER PATRICK , LÉCHAUDEL MATHIEU 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYFruit and vegetable farming generally involves high levels of chemical inputs despite the fact that consumers are increasingly concerned about the sanitary and organoleptic aspects of fruit quality. Pineapple is largely subject to these issues since it is dominated by conventional monocropping with high levels of agrochemical inputs due to nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilisation, weed management, crop protection and flowering induction. However, low-input pineapple cropping systems are both rare and little documented. Our study aimed at replacing all or part of the chemical fertilisers used with local organic fertilisers. It was conducted on the cultivar ‘Queen Victoria’, without pesticides or herbicides, in Reunion Island. We compared the impacts of three fertilisation treatments on pineapple growth and yield, fruit quality traits, symptoms of two major fungal diseases in fruit and production costs and labour times: (i) conventional: NPK fertiliser at recommended doses (265.5 kg ha−1N–10.53 kg ha−1P–445.71 kg ha−1K); (ii) integrated:Mucuna pruriensgreen manure (240.03 kg ha−1N, 18.62 kg ha−1P, 136.11 kg ha−1K) incorporated into the soil and a half-dose of NPK fertiliser and (iii) organic:M. pruriensgreen manure incorporated into the soil and foliar applications of sugarcane vinasse from a local distillery, rich in K (14.44 g L−1). Our results showed that NPK fertilisation could be replaced by organic fertilisers as well as by integrated fertilisation. ‘D’-leaf analysis showed that vinasse supplies a largely sufficient K level for growing pineapples. With organic fertilisation, pineapple growth was slower, 199 days after planting vs. 149 days for integrated or conventional fertilisations, and fruit yield was lower, 47.25 t ha−1vs. 52.51 and 61.24 t ha−1, probably becauseM. pruriensgreen manure provided an early increase in soil mineral N, whereas N requirements are much higher four months after planting. However, the fruit weight (709.94 ± 123.53 g) was still within the size range required for the export market (600–900 g). Interestingly, organic fertilisation significantly reduced Leathery Pocket disease and produced the best quality fruit with the highest total soluble solids contents (TSS) and the lowest titratable acidity (TTA). Fruit quality was also significantly improved with integrated fertilisation, with fruit weight similar to that of conventional fertilisation. To conclude, these findings have implications for the sustainability of pineapple production and could lead to low-input innovative cropping systems that reduce production costs and develop local organic inputs.
Brazilian Export Growth and Divergence in the Tropics during the Nineteenth Century
Authors: DAVID ABSELL CHRISTOPHER , TENA-JUNGUITO ANTONIO 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe objective of this article is to reappraise both the accuracy of the official export statistics and the narrative of Brazilian export growth during the period immediately following independence. We undertake an accuracy test of the official values of Brazilian export statistics and find evidence of considerable under-valuation. Once corrected, during the post-independence decades (1821–50) Brazil's current exports represented a larger share of its economy and its constant growth is found to be more dynamic than any other period of the nineteenth century. We posit that this dynamism was related to an exogenous institutional shock in the form of British West Indies slave emancipation that afforded Brazil a competitive advantage.
Public understanding of language planning and linguistic rights: The debate on the current Portuguese orthographic reform
Authors: Melo-Pfeifer Sílvia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study focuses on the tensions around Portugal's language policies and citizens’ perceptions of their linguistic rights in the context of the current orthographic reform. Unlike other linguistic rights studies, this enquiry does not focus on endangered languages or linguistic minorities. Instead, there are three major ingredients that embody linguistic-rights claims by European Portuguese speakers: the right to be heard on orthographic reform in a democratic society, ownership and authenticity of the Portuguese language, and the need for protection against external (or, more specifically, Brazilian) hegemony. A critical discourse analysis approach to the arguments put forward by European Portuguese opponents of the orthographic reform shows that the ongoing discussion: (i) is neither about language nor about rights, but about competition; (ii) is based on linguistic dichotomies and recategorization of speakers and languages; (iii) manipulates the rhetoric of threat, endangerment, linguistic rights, and democracy; and (iv) opens up intra-linguistic and inter-variety spaces for conceptualizing linguistic rights claims. (Language ideological debate, public understanding, language planning, linguistic rights, orthographic reform)
Calculation and optimization of topology of a radial insulating magnetic field in an acceleration gap of a high-power ion diode with an induction plasma source
Authors: Petrov A.V. , Remnev G.E. , Pavlov S.K. , Rumyantsev I.D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe paper presents the results of calculation and optimization of a structure of a radial insulating magnetic field in an acceleration gap of a high-power ion diode. A diode configuration with an induction plasma source and an anode configuration with azimuthally symmetrical slots and a pair of cathode coils of a magnetic diode system have been studied. When the size of the slots is ≤5 mm and codirectional magnetic fields of a diode and shock induction coil, the perturbation of the B-field does not exceed ≤20% and is located in the region near the anode. In this condition, the topology of the magnetic field В = f(1/r) is maintained in the acceleration gap. It was shown that the required radial distribution of the B-field can be optimized by varying the anode profile in the region opposite to two cathode coils of the diode magnetic system.
A plasma focus device as a metallic plasma jet generator
Authors: Kasperczuk A. , Paduch M. , Tomaszewski K. , Zielinska E. , Miklaszewski R. , Szymaszek A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper aims at a test of a plasma focus (PF) device as a metallic plasma jet generator. The experiment was carried out at the DPF-1000U device in which the inner electrode face was conically shaped. Deuterium (D2) with the initial pressure of 0.9 Torr was used as a filling gas. In the experiment, a metallic plasma was ensured due to erosion of the inner electrode during a PF discharge. To create the metallic plasma jet, the eroded copper (Cu) plasma, swept by the deuterium plasma sheath, was accelerated axially and compressed to very small radius (about 1–2 mm). The Cu plasma jet achieved a velocity of 3 × 107 cm/s. To study processes of the plasma jet creation and propagation a 16-frame laser interferometer and a four-frame X-ray pinhole camera were used. Recorded images prove a successful adaptation of the PF device to the metallic plasma jet generator.
Johne's disease: reliability of environmental sampling to characterize Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in beef cow-calf herds
Authors: KLAWONN W. , EINAX E. , PÜTZSCHEL R. , SCHMIDT M. , DONAT K. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYEnvironmental samples are considered to be a cost-effective method of identifying Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-positive dairy herds, but evidence for beef cow-calf herds is weak. This study aims at evaluating this approach in a total of 20 German herds that were characterized by individual faecal samples (n = 2545) of all cows. For 14 MAP-positive herds having at least one MAP-positive animal, the within-herd prevalence was calculated from concurrent individual faecal culture-based testing. Six herds certified as ‘MAP free’ based on the negative results of previous years served as MAP-negative controls. On average, six environmental samples were taken at the end of winter from areas with high cow traffic and tested for MAP by faecal culture. According to the environmental samples, nine (64·3%) out of the 14 MAP-positive cow-calf herds were infected. The percentage of positive environmental samples and the apparent within-herd prevalence (Spearman's P = 0·73, P < 0·001) as well as the herd-level test results (positive and negative) and the herd's status based on individual testing (Fisher's exact test, P = 0·014) showed a positive association. Considering limitations in low-prevalence herds, MAP-positive beef cow-calf herds are detectable by environmental samples in temperate climate zones.