bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality of the Structure and Propagation Characteristics of the MJO
Authors: Adames Ángel F. , Wallace John M. , Monteiro Joy M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The seasonality of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is documented in observational data, and a nonlinear shallow-water model is used to help interpret some of the contrasts in MJO structure between the boreal winter season [November–March (NDJFM)] and the Asian summer monsoon period [June–September (JJAS)]. At upper-tropospheric levels, the flanking Rossby waves remain centered around 28°N/S year-round, but they tend to be stronger in the winter hemisphere, where the climatological-mean jet stream is stronger, rendering the subtropical circulation more sensitive to forcing by a near-equatorial heat source. Amplitudes of the MJO-related deep convection and lower-tropospheric zonal wind are stronger in the summer hemisphere, where the column-integrated water vapor is larger. During NDJFM, the equatorial asymmetry is subtle: as in the annual mean, moisture convergence into swallowtail-shaped regions of enhanced deep convection is an integral part of the equatorial Rossby wave signature, and the eastward propagation is due to moistening of the air to the east of the enhanced convection by poleward moisture advection. During the Asian summer monsoon in JJAS, the convection assumes the form of northward-propagating, west-northwest–east-southeast-oriented rainbands embedded within cyclonic shear lines. These features are maintained by frictional convergence of moisture, and their northward propagation is mainly due to the presence of features in the climatological-mean fields: that is, the west–east moisture gradient over India and the Arabian Sea and the southwesterly low-level monsoon flow over the northwest Pacific.
Changes in Body Weight Among People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the United States, NHANES 2005-2012
Authors: Wang Yiting , Bolge Susan C. , Lopez Janice M.S. , Zhu Vivienne J. , Stang Paul E. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To understand weight loss strategies, weight changes, goals, and behaviors in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether these differ by ethnicity. Methods T2DM was identified by self-reported diagnosis using the NHANES 2005-2012 data, which also included measured and self-reported current body weight and height, self-reported weight the prior year, and self-reported aspired weight. Nineteen weight loss strategies were evaluated for association with ≥5% weight loss or weight gain versus <5% weight change. Results Among people with T2DM, 88.0% were overweight/obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) in the prior year and 86.1% the current year. About 60% of the overweight/obese took weight loss actions, mostly using diet-related methods with average weight lost <5%. Two most “effective” methods reported (smoking, taking laxatives/vomiting) are also potentially most harmful. Similar BMI distributions but different goals and behaviors about weight and weight loss were observed across ethnicity. Only physical activity meeting the recommended level and changing eating habits were consistently associated with favorable and statistically significant weight change. Conclusions Weight management in T2DM is an ongoing challenge, regardless of ethnicity/race. Among overweight/obese T2DM subjects, recommended level of physical activity and changing eating habits were associated with statistically significant favorable weight change.
Socio-demographic and Clinical Correlates of Facial Expression Recognition Disorder in the Euthymic Phase of Bipolar Patients
Authors: Iakimova Galina , Moriano Christian , Farruggio Lisa , Jover Frédéric 
Published: April 2016

Objective: Bipolar patients show social cognitive disorders. The objective of this study is to review facial expression recognition (FER) disorders in bipolar patients (BP) and explore clinical heterogeneity factors that could affect them in the euthymic phase: socio-demographic level, clinical and changing characteristics of the disorder, history of suicide attempt, and abuse. Method: Thirty-four euthymic bipolar patients and 29 control subjects completed a computer task of explicit facial expression recognition and were clinically evaluated. Results: Compared with control subjects, BP patients show: a decrease in fear, anger, and disgust recognition; an extended reaction time for disgust, surprise and neutrality recognition; confusion between fear and surprise, anger and disgust, disgust and sadness, sadness and neutrality. In BP patients, age negatively affects anger and neutrality recognition, as opposed to education level which positively affects recognizing these emotions. The history of patient abuse negatively affects surprise and disgust recognition, and the number of suicide attempts negatively affects disgust and anger recognition. Conclusions: Cognitive heterogeneity in euthymic phase BP patients is affected by several factors inherent to bipolar disorder complexity that should be considered in social cognition study.
Caring About Residents’ Experiences and Symptoms (CARES) Program: A Model of Palliative Care Consultation in the Nursing Home
Authors: Morris Deborah A. , Galicia-Castillo Marissa 
Published: April 2016

Objectives: To describe the CARES program, a model of palliative care for nursing home residents. Design: Descriptive analysis of the Caring About Residents’ Experiences and Symptoms (CARES) Program that provides palliative care services to nursing home residents. Program evaluation: The CARES Program serves as an example of collaborative efforts to meet community needs. To evaluate the program, we document the services provided as well as process outcomes (changes to care plans, hospitalizations, location of death, and hospice utilization) for residents referred. Results: 170 nursing home residents were seen by CARES Program between February 2013 to December 2015, 48% for skilled services, and 52% for long term care. Majority of referrals were for goals of care and concurrent symptom management. Following consultation, 67% of residents had a change in code status. Of residents desiring a palliative course 90% were never hospitalized. Overall, 53% of residents died; and those in long term care dying more often with hospice. Conclusion: The CARES program of palliative consultation addresses the needs of nursing home residents. The model has potential to be reproducible in in other communities.
Language dominance as a factor in loanword phonology
Authors: Aktürk-Drake Memet 
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of language dominance in loanword phonology. It is investigated how onset clusters in loanwords are integrated into Turkish by two groups: English-Turkish bilinguals in Turkey and Swedish-Turkish bilinguals in Sweden. It is hypothesised that the bilinguals in Sweden will display significantly higher rates of cluster adoption because Turkish is not the dominant language there. The data were collected through an oral loanword elicitation task, a text recitation task in the second languages and a questionnaire on language proficiency and use. The study had 53 participants (24 in Turkey and 29 in Sweden). The material consisted of 29 loanwords from English and French, and of 50 structurally comparable words in the bilinguals’ second languages. The data were analysed auditively by the author and subjected to an interrater reliability test. The results confirmed the hypothesis as the bilinguals in Sweden displayed significantly higher cluster adoption rates. The difference between the groups’ medians was 36.5 percentage points. Furthermore, it was shown that in individual speakers the combination of accurate second-language pronunciation, and clearly higher proficiency in the second language (corresponding to the donor language) compared to the L1 (i.e. the recipient language) guaranteed very high cluster adoption rates. This paper provides the first rigorous quantitative proof for the theoretical assumption that accurate pronunciation is not sufficient for structural adoption in loanword phonology but needs to be complemented with sociolinguistic variables. Furthermore, it demonstrates in greater detail than before how societal and individual dominance are connected and through which channels they impact loanword integration. Self-reported relative proficiency in the donor language was shown to be a powerful predictor of the sociolinguistic incentive to adopt and could therefore be used as a quick and reliable alternative to elaborate and time-consuming attitude investigations in loanword phonology.
Patient-reported functioning in major depressive disorder
Authors: IsHak Waguih William , James David M. , Mirocha James , Youssef Haidy , Tobia Gabriel , Pi Sarah , Collison Katherine L. , Cohen Robert M. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives: Compared with the general population, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) report substantial deficits in their functioning that often go beyond the clinical resolution of depressive symptoms. This study examines the impact of MDD and its treatment on functioning. Methods: From the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial, we analyzed complete data of 2280 adult outpatients with MDD at entry and exit points of each level of antidepressant treatment and again 12 months post treatment. Functioning was measured using the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). Results: The results show that only 7% of patients with MDD reported within-normal functioning before treatment. The proportion of patients achieving within-normal functioning (WSAS) scores significantly increased after treatment. However, the majority of patients (>60%) were still in the abnormal range on functioning at exit. Although remitted patients had greater improvements compared with nonremitters, a moderate proportion of remitted patients continued to experience ongoing deficits in functioning after treatment (20–40%). Follow-up data show that the proportions of patients experiencing normal scores for functioning after 12 months significantly decreased from the end of treatment to the follow-up phase, from 60.1% to 49% ( p < 0.0001), a finding that was particularly significant in nonremitters. Limitations of this study include the reliance on self-report of functioning and the lack of information on patients who dropped out. Conclusion: This study points to the importance of functional outcomes of MDD treatment as well as the need to develop personalized interventions to improve functioning in MDD.
Concurrent influenza vaccination reduces anti-FVIII antibody responses in murine hemophilia A
Authors: Lai Jesse D. , Moorehead Paul C. , Sponagle Kate , Steinitz Katharina N. , Reipert Birgit M. , Hough Christine , Lillicrap David 
Published: April 2016

Key PointsVaccination against influenza, with and without the adjuvant MF59, decreases the risk of inhibitor development in HA mice. Decreased FVIII immunogenicity may be attributed to antigenic competition via T-cell chemotaxis toward the site of vaccination.
Sleep disordered breathing at the extremes of age: infancy
Authors: Urquhart Don S. , Tan Hui-Leng 
Published: April 2016

Educational aimsThe reader will be able to:Understand normal sleep patterns in infancyAppreciate disorders of breathing in infancyAppreciate disorders of respiratory controlNormal sleep in infancy is a time of change with alterations in sleep architecture, sleep duration, sleep patterns and respiratory control as an infant grows older. Interactions between sleep and respiration are key to the mechanisms by which infants are vulnerable to sleep disordered breathing.This review discusses normal sleep in infancy, as well as normal sleep breathing in infancy. Sleep disordered breathing (obstructive and central) as well as disorders of ventilatory control and infant causes of hypoventilation are all reviewed in detail.
PAT: predictor for structured units and its application for the optimization of target molecules for the generation of synthetic antibodies
Authors: Jeon Jouhyun , Arnold Roland , Singh Fateh , Teyra Joan , Braun Tatjana , Kim Philip M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
The identification of structured units in a protein sequence is an important first step for most biochemical studies. Importantly for this study, the identification of stable structured region is a crucial first step to generate novel synthetic antibodies. While many approaches to find domains or predict structured regions exist, important limitations remain, such as the optimization of domain boundaries and the lack of identification of non-domain structured units. Moreover, no integrated tool exists to find and optimize structural domains within protein sequences.

Results
Here, we describe a new tool, PAT (http://www.kimlab.org/software/pat) that can efficiently identify both domains (with optimized boundaries) and non-domain putative structured units. PAT automatically analyzes various structural properties, evaluates the folding stability, and reports possible structural domains in a given protein sequence. For reliability evaluation of PAT, we applied PAT to identify antibody target molecules based on the notion that soluble and well-defined protein secondary and tertiary structures are appropriate target molecules for synthetic antibodies.

Conclusion
PAT is an efficient and sensitive tool to identify structured units. A performance analysis shows that PAT can characterize structurally well-defined regions in a given sequence and outperforms other efforts to define reliable boundaries of domains. Specially, PAT successfully identifies experimentally confirmed target molecules for antibody generation. PAT also offers the pre-calculated results of 20,210 human proteins to accelerate common queries. PAT can therefore help to investigate large-scale structured domains and improve the success rate for synthetic antibody generation.
Development of Stabilized Growth Factor-Loaded Hyaluronate– Collagen Dressing (HCD) matrix for impaired wound healing
Authors: Choi Seong Mi , Ryu Hyun Aae , Lee Kyoung-Mi , Kim Hyun Jung , Park Ik Kyu , Cho Wan Jin , Shin Hang-Cheol , Choi Woo Jin , Lee Jin Woo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a disease lack of insulin, which has severely delayed and impaired wound healing capacity. In the previous studies, various types of scaffolds and growth factors were used in impaired wound healing. However, there were several limitations to use them such as short half-life of growth factors
in vivo
and inadequate experimental conditions of wound-dressing material. Thus, our study aimed to determine the biocompatibility and stability of the matrix containing structurally stabilized epidermal growth factor (S-EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (S-bFGF).

Results and Discussion

We stabilized EGF and bFGF that are structurally more stable than existing EGF and bFGF. We developed biocompatible matrix using S-EGF, S-bFGF, and hyaluronate– collagen dressing (HCD) matrix. The developed matrix, S-EGF and S-bFGF loaded on HCD matrix, had no cytotoxicity,
in vitro
. Also, these matrixes had longer releasing period that result in enhancement of half-life. Finally, when these matrixes were applied on the wound of diabetic mice, there were no inflammatory responses,
in vivo
. Thus, our results demonstrate that these matrixes are biologically safe and biocompatible as wound-dressing material.

Conclusions
Our stabilized EGF and bFGF was more stable than existing EGF and bFGF and the HCD matrix had the capacity to efficiently deliver growth factors. Thus, the S-EGF and S-bFGF loaded on HCD matrix had improved stability. Therefore, these matrixes may be suitable for impaired wound healing, resulting in application of clinical treatment.
Human MAIT-cell responses to Escherichia coli: activation, cytokine production, proliferation, and cytotoxicity
Authors: Dias Joana , Sobkowiak Michał J , Sandberg Johan K , Leeansyah Edwin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T cells are a large and relatively recently described innate-like antimicrobial T-cell subset in humans. These cells recognize riboflavin metabolites from a range of microbes presented by evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex, class I-related molecules. Given the innate-like characteristics of mucosa-associated invariant T cells and the novel type of antigens they recognize, new methodology must be developed and existing methods refined to allow comprehensive studies of their role in human immune defense against microbial infection. In this study, we established protocols to examine a range of mucosa-associated invariant T-cell functions as they respond to antigen produced by Escherichia coli. These improved and dose- and time-optimized experimental protocols allow detailed studies of MR1-dependent mucosa-associated invariant T-cell responses to Escherichia coli pulsed antigen-presenting cells, as assessed by expression of activation markers and cytokines, by proliferation, and by induction of apoptosis and death in major histocompatibility complex, class I-related–expressing target cells. The novel and optimized protocols establish a framework of methods and open new possibilities to study mucosa-associated invariant T-cell immunobiology, using Escherichia coli as a model antigen. Furthermore, we propose that these robust experimental systems can also be adapted to study mucosa-associated invariant T-cell responses to other microbes and types of antigen-presenting cells.
Counterpoint: Clinical neuroscience is not ready for clinical use
Authors: Rego Mark D. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryRadical proposals are being made to change the practice, teaching and research basis of psychiatry to that of clinical neuroscience. Such changes would affect practice via what is studied, published, recommended as standard treatment and what is decided in medico-legal forums. These proposed changes are very premature and misguided. Here, I refute these proposals.
Survey of psychiatric assessment rooms in UK emergency departments
Authors: Bolton Jim , Palmer Lucy , Cawdron Rohanna 
Published: April 2016

Aims and methodWe aimed to estimate the proportion of UK emergency departments with a psychiatric assessment room and to determine whether such rooms met criteria for conducting high-risk assessments. Liaison psychiatry services were asked whether their hospital had such a room, whether it met the criteria and whether respondents judged it to be sufficiently safe and private.ResultsOf the 60 emergency departments included in the survey, 23% had a psychiatric assessment room that met all the safety criteria and was judged to be safe and private. Barriers to the establishment of an appropriate facility included it being a low priority for hospital management, a room being used for other purposes, and balancing safety requirements with the creation of a calming environment.Clinical implicationsMental illness is a common reason for presentation to emergency departments. Despite national recommendations, this survey indicates that many departments lack a sufficiently safe and private assessment room, which compromises the safety and privacy of patient care.
PhilippineIndiosin the Service of Empire: Indigenous Soldiers and Contingent Loyalty, 1600–1700
Authors: Mawson Stephanie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhilippine indios served in the Spanish armies in the thousands in expeditions of conquest and defense across Spain’s Pacific possessions, often significantly outnumbering their Spanish counterparts. Based on detailed archival evidence presented for the first time, this article extends the previously limited nature of our understanding of indigenous soldiers in the Spanish Pacific, focusing in particular on the problem of what motivated indigenous people to join the Spanish military. The existing historiography of reward structures among indigenous elites is here coupled with an analysis of the way in which military service intersected with other forms of coerced labor among nonelite Philippine indios. An understanding of pre-Hispanic cultures of warfare and debt servitude helps make the case that many indigenous soldiers were pushed into military service as a way of paying off debts or to avoid other forms of forced labor. Thus indigenous participation in the empire was always tenuous and on the brink of breaking down.
CONTENTS
Authors: AMS Editorial 
Published: April 2016

<p class="zkltextChar" align="center"><strong><span lang="CS">Scientific papers</span></strong></p><p class="zkltextChar" align="center"><strong><span lang="CS">Letter to the Editor </span></strong></p><p class="zkltextChar" align="center"><strong><span lang="CS"><br /></span></strong></p>
An investigation into the aetiology of flexible flat feet
Authors: Kothari A. , Bhuva S. , Stebbins J. , Zavatsky A B. , Theologis T. 
Published: April 2016

Aims There is increasing evidence that flexible flatfoot (FF) can lead to symptoms and impairment in health-related quality of life. As such we undertook an observational study investigating the aetiology of this condition, to help inform management. The hypothesis was that as well as increased body mass index (BMI) and increased flexibility of the lower limb, an absent anterior subtalar articulation would be associated with a flatter foot posture. Patients and Methods A total of 84 children aged between eight and 15 years old were prospectively recruited. The BMI for each child was calculated, flexibility was assessed using the lower limb assessment scale (LLAS) and foot posture was quantified using the arch height index (AHI). Each child underwent a sagittal T1-weighted MRI scan of at least one foot. Results An absent anterior subtalar articulation (p < 0.001) and increased LLAS (p = 0.001) predicted a low AHI. BMI was not a significant predictive factor (p = 0.566). Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate the importance of the morphology of the subtalar joint on the underlying foot posture in vivo. Take home message: Flexibility of the lower limb and absence of the anterior facet of the subtalar joint are associated with flexible FF and may influence management of this common condition. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:564–8.