bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot randomised controlled trial of a periodised resistance training and protein supplementation intervention in prostate cancer survivors on androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Kiwata Jacqueline L , Dorff Tanya B , Todd Schroeder E , Salem George J , Lane Christianne J , Rice Judd C , Gross Mitchell E , Dieli-Conwright Christina M 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionProstate cancer survivors (PCS) receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) experience deleterious side effects such as unfavourable changes in cardiometabolic factors that lead to sarcopenic obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). While loss of lean body mass (LBM) compromises muscular strength and quality of life, MetS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and may influence cancer recurrence. Exercise can improve LBM and strength, and may serve as an alternative to the pharmacological management of MetS in PCS on ADT. Prior exercise interventions in PCS on ADT have been effective at enhancing strength, but only marginally effective at enhancing body composition and ameliorating cardiometabolic risk factors. This pilot trial aims to improve on existing interventions by employing periodised resistance training (RT) to counter sarcopenic obesity in PCS on ADT. Secondary aims compare intervention effects on cardiometabolic, physical function, quality of life and molecular skeletal muscle changes. An exploratory aim examines if protein supplementation (PS) in combination with RT elicits greater changes in these outcomes.Methods and analysisA 2×2 experimental design is used in 32 PCS on ADT across a 12-week intervention period. Participants are randomised to resistance training and protein supplementation (RTPS), RT, PS or control. RT and RTPS groups perform supervised RT three times per week for 12 weeks, while PS and RTPS groups receive 50 g whey protein per day. This pilot intervention applies a multilayered approach to ameliorate detrimental cardiometabolic effects of ADT while investigating molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle changes in PCS.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the University of Southern California Institutional Review Board (HS-13–00315). Results from this trial will be communicated in peer-reviewed publications and scientific presentations.Trial registration numberNCT01909440; Pre-results.
Effects of football sporting activity on renal and liver functions among young undergraduate students of a Nigerian tertiary institution
Authors: Ekun Oloruntoba Ayodele , Emiabata Adijat Folake , Abiodun Olalekan Clement , Ogidi Nkeiruka Ogochukwu , Adefolaju Florence O , Ekun Oyeronke Olufemi 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundFootball sporting exercise is one of the most popular events in the world. While there are well-documented reports on the effects of different athletic sporting activities on the biochemical markers of renal and liver functions, there are paucity of well-documented reports on the effects of football activity on Nigerian sportsmen, hence the need for this study.MethodBiochemical markers of renal and liver functions (urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) were determined using Cobas c 111 auto-analyser by Roche.ResultsThe mean urea (mmol/L)±SEM, creatinine (μmol/L)±SEM, AST (U/L)±SEM, ALT (U/L)±SEM and ALP (U/L)±SEM values before and after soccer exercise were 3.56±0.12, 3.76±0.13, p=0.000; 79.36±1.53, 95.90±2.03, p=0.000; 32.54±1.15, 35.81±1.32, p=0.000; 15.68±1.02, 13.97±0.81, p=0.000; and 82.21±3.67, 86.08±3.86, p=0.046, respectively. Pearson’s degree of association for AST and ALT before and after exercise were r=0.678, p=0.000 and r=0.770, p=0.000, respectively; ALT and ALP before exercise showed a positive and significant association (r=0.317, p=0.028). On the other hand, there was a negative but insignificant correlation between urea before exercise and ALP after exercise (r=−0.003, p=0.982) and urea before exercise versus AST after exercise (r=−0.120, p=0.418). A positive but insignificant association was observed between urea and creatinine before exercise (r=0.093, p=0.530).ConclusionFootball sporting event is associated with an increase in urea, creatinine, AST and ALP plasma values, and such interpretation of these parameters among sportsmen should be done with caution.
Climbing fibers predict movement kinematics and performance errors
Authors: Streng Martha L. , Popa Laurentiu S. , Ebner Timothy J. 
Published: July 2017

Requisite for understanding cerebellar function is a complete characterization of the signals provided by complex spike (CS) discharge of Purkinje cells, the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex. Numerous studies have provided insights into CS function, with the most predominant view being that they are evoked by error events. However, several reports suggest that CSs encode other aspects of movements and do not always respond to errors or unexpected perturbations. Here, we evaluated CS firing during a pseudo-random manual tracking task in the monkey ( Macaca mulatta). This task provides extensive coverage of the work space and relative independence of movement parameters, delivering a robust data set to assess the signals that activate climbing fibers. Using reverse correlation, we determined feedforward and feedback CSs firing probability maps with position, velocity, and acceleration, as well as position error, a measure of tracking performance. The direction and magnitude of the CS modulation were quantified using linear regression analysis. The major findings are that CSs significantly encode all three kinematic parameters and position error, with acceleration modulation particularly common. The modulation is not related to “events,” either for position error or kinematics. Instead, CSs are spatially tuned and provide a linear representation of each parameter evaluated. The CS modulation is largely predictive. Similar analyses show that the simple spike firing is modulated by the same parameters as the CSs. Therefore, CSs carry a broader array of signals than previously described and argue for climbing fiber input having a prominent role in online motor control. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article demonstrates that complex spike (CS) discharge of cerebellar Purkinje cells encodes multiple parameters of movement, including motor errors and kinematics. The CS firing is not driven by error or kinematic events; instead it provides a linear representation of each parameter. In contrast with the view that CSs carry feedback signals, the CSs are predominantly predictive of upcoming position errors and kinematics. Therefore, climbing fibers carry multiple and predictive signals for online motor control.
Modulation of corticospinal input to the legs by arm and leg cycling in people with incomplete spinal cord injury
Authors: Zhou R. , Alvarado L. , Kim S. , Chong S. L. , Mushahwar V. K. 
Published: July 2017

The spinal cervico-lumbar interaction during rhythmic movements in humans has recently been studied; however, the role of arm movements in modulating the corticospinal drive to the legs is not well understood. The goals of this study were to investigate the effect of active rhythmic arm movements on the corticospinal drive to the legs ( study 1) and assess the effect of simultaneous arm and leg training on the corticospinal pathway after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) ( study 2). In study 1, neurologically intact (NI) participants or participants with iSCI performed combinations of stationary and rhythmic cycling of the arms and legs while motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle. In the NI group, arm cycling alone could facilitate the VL MEP amplitude, suggesting that dynamic arm movements strongly modulate the corticospinal pathway to the legs. No significant difference in VL MEP between conditions was found in participants with iSCI. In study 2, participants with iSCI underwent 12 wk of electrical stimulation-assisted cycling training: one group performed simultaneous arm and leg (A&L) cycling and the other legs-only cycling. MEPs in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle were compared before and after training. After training, only the A&L group had a significantly larger TA MEP, suggesting increased excitability in the corticospinal pathway. The findings demonstrate the importance of arm movements in modulating the corticospinal drive to the legs and suggest that active engagement of the arms in lower limb rehabilitation may produce better neural regulation and restoration of function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study aimed to demonstrate the importance of arm movements in modulating the corticospinal drive to the legs. It provides direct evidence in humans that active movement of the arms could facilitate corticospinal transmission to the legs and, for the first time, shows that facilitation is absent after spinal cord injury. Active engagement of the arms in lower limb rehabilitation increased the excitability of the corticospinal pathway and may produce more effective improvement in leg function.
Optimal Traffic Scheduling for Intrusion Prevention Systems
Authors: Crichigno Jorge , Pourvali Mahsa , Shaikh Farooq , Rayes Ammar , Bou-Harb Elias , Ghani Nasir 
Published: July 2017

A major challenge for intrusion prevention system (IPS) sensors in today’s Internet is the amount of traffic these devices have to inspect. Hence this paper presents a linear program (LP) for traffic scheduling in multi-sensor environments that alleviates inspection loads at IPS sensors. The model discriminates traffic flows so that the amount of inspected suspicious traffic ismaximized. While the LP is not constrained to integral solutions, traffic belonging to a flow is mostly scheduled for inspection to a single sensor, which facilitates the collection of state information. An analysis of how the Simplex algorithm solves the model and numerical results demonstrate that state information can be preserved without imposing integral constraints. This benefitalso prevents the LP from becoming an integer LP, and this is essential for efficiently implementing the proposed model. The paper also shows that the ratio of the total number of flows integrally inspected by a single sensor to the total number of flows inspected in a multi-sensor environment depends upon theratio of IPS sensor capacity to flow traffic rate. Finally, some practical deployment observations are also presented.
Bioprosthetic Valve Fracture Improves the Hemodynamic Results of Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Chhatriwalla Adnan K. , Allen Keith B. , Saxon John T. , Cohen David J. , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Hart Anthony J. , Baron Suzanne J. , Dvir Danny , Borkon A. Michael 
Published: July 2017

Background—
Valve-in-valve (VIV) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) may be less effective in small surgical valves because of patient/prosthesis mismatch. Bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF) using a high-pressure balloon can be performed to facilitate VIV TAVR.

Methods and Results—

We report data from 20 consecutive clinical cases in which BVF was successfully performed before or after VIV TAVR by inflation of a high-pressure balloon positioned across the valve ring during rapid ventricular pacing. Hemodynamic measurements and calculation of the valve effective orifice area were performed at baseline, immediately after VIV TAVR, and after BVF. BVF was successfully performed in 20 patients undergoing VIV TAVR with balloon-expandable (n=8) or self-expanding (n=12) transcatheter valves in Mitroflow, Carpentier-Edwards Perimount, Magna and Magna Ease, Biocor Epic and Biocor Epic Supra, and Mosaic surgical valves. Successful fracture was noted fluoroscopically when the waist of the balloon released and by a sudden drop in inflation pressure, often accompanied by an audible snap. BVF resulted in a reduction in the mean transvalvular gradient (from 20.5±7.4 to 6.7±3.7 mm Hg,
P
<0.001) and an increase in valve effective orifice area (from 1.0±0.4 to 1.8±0.6 cm
2
,
P
<0.001). No procedural complications were reported.

Conclusions—
BVF can be performed safely in small surgical valves to facilitate VIV TAVR with either balloon-expandable or self-expanding transcatheter valves and results in reduced residual transvalvular gradients and increased valve effective orifice area.
The Effects of Physical Exercise and Cognitive Training on Memory and Neurotrophic Factors
Authors: Heisz Jennifer J. , Clark Ilana B. , Bonin Katija , Paolucci Emily M. , Michalski Bernadeta , Becker Suzanna , Fahnestock Margaret 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study examined the combined effect of physical exercise and cognitive training on memory and neurotrophic factors in healthy, young adults. Ninety-five participants completed 6 weeks of exercise training, combined exercise and cognitive training, or no training (control). Both the exercise and combined training groups improved performance on a high-interference memory task, whereas the control group did not. In contrast, neither training group improved on general recognition performance, suggesting that exercise training selectively increases high-interference memory that may be linked to hippocampal function. Individuals who experienced greater fitness improvements from the exercise training (i.e., high responders to exercise) also had greater increases in the serum neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor-1. These high responders to exercise also had better high-interference memory performance as a result of the combined exercise and cognitive training compared with exercise alone, suggesting that potential synergistic effects might depend on the availability of neurotrophic factors. These findings are especially important, as memory benefits accrued from a relatively short intervention in high-functioning young adults.
The Status of Mental Retardation Today with Emphasis on Services
Authors: Hill Arthur S. 
Published: July 2017

We print this article in memory of Arthur S. Hill, who dedicated his life to a career of furthering educational opportunities for exceptional children. This abstract is based on a paper presented by Mr. Hill at the 75th anniversary commemorative symposium of the Bancroft Schoot, Haddonfield, N. J., last May. At the time of his death, Arthur Hill was the director of St. John's Development Services for Children, Washington, D. C. He also served as a former chief of HEW's Section on Exceptional Children and Youth; educational director of UCP; and held offices in many professional organizations, including the presidency of our own Council for Exceptional Children
An Experimental Set-Up of Elastic-Store and Bit Stuffing
Authors: Ahmad Wasim , Hashmi Shahid 
Published: July 2017

An experimental set-up of elastic-store and bit stuffing A simple circuit for elastic-store and bit stuffing in digital multiplexers is presented. It can be easily fabricated in laboratory classes and gives a clear understanding of bit rate adjustment by introducing stuff bits in quasi-synchronous multiplexers.
Graphical Simulation of an Analog Computer
Authors: Kabalan Karim Y. , El-Hajj Ali , Wazz Nabil 
Published: July 2017

Graphical simulation of an analog computer In this paper the simulation of an analog computer is introduced. The study describes the graphical part and the mathematical analysis that is involved in the simulation. With this simulation, the construction of a circuit and the evaluation of the system behaviour becomes possible. The simulation is suitable for educational environment.
Gate Drive Circuits for Power Mosfets
Authors: Coyle E. D. , O'dwyer J. , Duignan F. 
Published: July 2017

Gate drive circuits for power mosfets Advances in recent years in the manufacture of metal oxide Field Effect Transistors (Mosfets) have paved the way for new design criteria in solid-state switching power circuits. This paper gives an insight into the knowledge gained in the design of gate drive circuits for power mosfet switching devices.
A Fluid Analogy to Mutual Inductance, Based on The Atmospheric Railway
Authors: Paor Annraoi M. De 
Published: July 2017

A fluid analogy to mutual inductance, based on the atmospheric railway It is shown that the propulsion system for the Kingstown (now Dùn Laoghaire) to Dalkey Atmospheric Railway (1843–1854) is a translational counterpart to an idling turbine analogue for self-inductance. A two-pipeline atmospheric system driving a whirligig is proposed as an analogue for mutual inductance.
An Investigation of the Frequency and Amplitude of Sampled Signals Using Fourier Series
Authors: Barry Noel , Mcquade Eamonn 
Published: July 2017

An investigation of the frequency and amplitude of sampled signals using Fourier series A sinusoid is sampled above and below the Nyquist rate and using a simple Fourier series technique, the impulse response is reconstructed to show the frequency and amplitude of the resulting sideband signals. From this information the frequency spectrum of bandwide signals, when sampled, is developed. Recovery of signals above and under the Nyquist rate is then investigated.
The Exact Integration Solutions to Establish The Potential V and Also E= 0 At Points Within Uniformly Charged Spherical Shells and Infinite Cylinders
Authors: Stewart B. G. 
Published: July 2017

The exact integration solutions to establish the potential V and also E = 0 at points within uniformly charged spherical shells and infinite cylinders Some students would like to see the exact integral solutions to substantiate continuity of V and E = 0 inside uniformly charged shells and infinite cylinders. Unfortunately no texts detail these solutions. This article outlines, for future reference, the exact (though complicated) formulations and integral evaluations, thus helping clarify and validate the simpler solutions.
Measurement of Magnetically Induced Stress as a Means of Determining Magnetization Characteristics of Mild Steel
Authors: Turvey K. , Turvey T. 
Published: July 2017

Measurement of magnetically induced stress as a means of determining magnetization characteristics of mild steel The magnetic major hysteresis loop and the initial magnetization curve are obtained for mild steel from measurements of the attractive force between magnetized semi-rings. A check determination of the hysteresis loop using a standard method yields good agreement.
European Inter-Institutional Degree Course Collaborations in Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Authors: Jervis B. W. , Rodgers J. M. , Travis J. R. 
Published: July 2017

European inter-institutional degree course collaborations in electrical and electronic engineering The national degree schemes in electrical and electronic engineering in three European Institutions are compared, and an inter-institutional collaboration for the exchange of students is described together with solutions to some of the associated difficulties.
The Teaching of Electronic Engineering-Related Subjects in the Ukraine
Authors: Sachenko Anatoly A. , Gibson Ian 
Published: July 2017

The teaching of electronic engineering-related subjects in the Ukraine The recent developments in Eastern Europe have allowed Western countries to influence the development of engineering in the Ukraine. This paper deals with the Department of Information Computing Systems and Control in the Institute of National Economy, Ternopol. Their course structure is discussed along with plans for the future.
East-to-West Transformation Attempts for University-Level Education
Authors: Honzik Jan M. 
Published: July 2017

East-to-West transformation attempts for university-level education The history, present state, and possible future of the educational system at the FEE TU, Brno, Czechoslovakia are discussed. We are currently making efforts to change our system and introduce the credit system to be compatible with European standards. Problems associated with this change are presented.
From Pole Placement Feedback to Estimator Design Using Analog Computers
Authors: Pécute;Rez-Lozano Rigoberto , Soto Rogelio 
Published: July 2017

From pole placement feedback to estimator design using analog computers This paper describes analog-based control lab. simulations. Simulations deal with pole placement feedback and asymptotic observers. For asymptotic state observers, the transfer function approach is just outlined. All simulations are implemented using the state variable approach. Simulations are extended to analyze heuristic pole-placement selection and to evaluate reduced-order estimators.
A Laboratory for Teaching Marine Control Systems which uses Data Acquisition Boards Installed in Microcomputers
Authors: Barros J. , Moreno V. 
Published: July 2017

A laboratory for teaching marine control systems which uses data acquisition boards installed in microcomputers This paper describes a laboratory which has been designed for the experimental teaching of automatic control systems to Marine Engineering students. Using data acquisition boards installed in IBM PC, we have designed a laboratory in which it is possible to perform experiments on instrumentation and automatic control.
A Low-Cost Control Experiment for Systems with Large Time Constants and Unknown Time Delays
Authors: García-Sanz M. , Flórez J. 
Published: July 2017

A low-cost control experiment for systems with large time constants and unknown time delays A prototype that represents the thermal behaviour of a building modelled at reduced scale with a central heating system is described. It is a simple, robust experiment which can be used for a variety of control studies, especially those related with systems that present large time constants and unknown time delays.
Will Core Skills Improve Engineering Programmes?
Authors: Tizard Jenny 
Published: July 2017

Will core skills improve engineering programmes? A small-scale college-based research project examining the problems encountered by engineering students. Perceptions of the students and their lecturers are contrasted. The introduction of assessment of core transferable skills required by new courses would reduce these problems. However, engineering lecturers taking responsibility for skills teaching will be required to change their teaching style.
Parallel Processing Applications in Expert Systems in Power Systems
Authors: Wang J. P. , Trecat J. 
Published: July 2017

Parallel processing applications in expert systems in power sytems Parallel processing is widely used to reduce computation times. In its application to non-numerical problems, such as expert systems, inference method and problem size must be considered. A fault diagnosis expert system is considered as an example, with either a model-based or a rule-based inference, applied to power systems of various sizes.
Simulation of Induction Machines Using Phase Variables and the Explicit Inverse Inductance Matrix
Authors: Colak İ. , Garvey S. D. , Wright M. T. 
Published: July 2017

Simulation of induction machines using phase variables and the explicit inverse inductance matrix This paper addresses the simulation of induction machines using phase variables. It overcomes the chief disadvantage of phase-variables simulation by proving that the inverse of the inductance matrix can be obtained directly without numerical inversion of a 6 × 6 matrix. A closed form is given for this inverse.
Enhanced Learning of Electrical Systems Using Pspice — A Low Cost Solution
Authors: Cheung W. N. 
Published: July 2017

Enhanced learning of electrical systems using PSpice — a low cost solution The article discusses applications of the evaluation version of PSpice in the simulation of control systems with delayed feedback, and communication systems such as PSK, QPSK and MSK. Using the freely available software, students can explore the behaviour of electrical systems in a laboratory-like environment on their personal computers.