bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When love hurts. A systematic review on the effects of surgical and pharmacological treatments for endometriosis on female sexual functioning
Authors: Barbara Giussy , Facchin Federica , Meschia Michele , Berlanda Nicola , Frattaruolo Maria P. , VercellinI Paolo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroductionEndometriosis is associated with an increased risk of dyspareunia, therefore this chronic gynecologic disease should be considered as a major cause of sexual dysfunctions. The aims of this study were to review the literature on the effects of surgical and pharmacological treatments for endometriosis on female sexual functioning, and to provide suggestions for future treatment strategies.Material and methodsWe followed the PRISMA guidelines to conduct this systematic review, which involved an electronic database search of studies on the association between endometriosis and sexuality published between 2000 and 2016.ResultsAs a result of the screening process, 22 studies were included in this systematic review. The 22 studies included were divided into two categories: (a) surgical intervention studies (n = 17), examining postoperative sexual outcomes of surgery for endometriosis; (b) pharmacological intervention studies (n = 5), evaluating the effects of pharmacological endometriosis treatments on sexual functioning. The studies considered showed that overall surgical and pharmacological interventions for endometriosis can lead to medium‐/long‐term improvement, but not necessarily to a definitive resolution of female sexual dysfunctions due to endometriosis.ConclusionsSexual functioning is a multidimensional phenomenon and the ideal treatment for endometriosis‐related sexual dysfunctions should be conducted by a multidisciplinary team that involves not only gynecologists, but also sexologists and psychologists/psychotherapists. Improving global sexual functioning, and not just reducing pain at intercourse, should be considered as a major clinical goal of endometriosis treatment.
Peroxynitrite formed during a transient episode of brain ischaemia increases endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization‐type dilations in thromboxane/prostaglandin receptor‐stimulated rat cerebral arteries
Authors: Onetti Y. , Dantas A. P. , Pérez B. , McNeish A. J. , Vila E. , Jiménez‐Altayó F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimIncreased thromboxane A2 and peroxynitrite are hallmarks of cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). Stimulation of thromboxane/prostaglandin receptors (TP) attenuates endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization (EDH). We investigated whether EDH‐type middle cerebral artery (MCA) relaxations following TP stimulation are altered after I/R and the influence of peroxynitrite.MethodsVascular function was determined by wire myography after TP stimulation with the thromboxane A2 mimetic 9,11‐dideoxy‐9α, 11α ‐methano‐epoxy prostaglandin F2α (U46619) in MCA of Sprague Dawley rats subjected to MCA occlusion (90 min)/reperfusion (24 h) or sham operation, and in non‐operated (control) rats. Some rats were treated with saline or the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato iron (III) (20 mg kg−1). Protein expression was evaluated in MCA and in human microvascular endothelial cells submitted to hypoxia (overnight)/reoxygenation (24 h) (H/R) using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting.ResultsIn U46619‐pre‐constricted MCA, EDH‐type relaxation by the proteinase‐activated receptor 2 agonist serine–leucine–isoleucine–glycine–arginine–leucine–NH2 (SLIGRL) was greater in I/R than sham rats due to an increased contribution of small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels (SKCa), which was confirmed by the enlarged relaxation to the SKCa activator N‐cyclohexyl‐N‐2‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐6‐methyl‐4‐pyrimidinamine. I/R and H/R induced endothelial protein tyrosine nitration and filamentous‐actin disruption. In control MCA, either cytochalasin D or peroxynitrite disrupted endothelial filamentous‐actin and augmented EDH‐type relaxation. Furthermore, peroxynitrite decomposition during I/R prevented the increase in EDH‐type responses.ConclusionFollowing TP stimulation in MCA, EDH‐type relaxation to SLIGRL is greater after I/R due to endothelial filamentous‐actin disruption by peroxynitrite, which prevents TP‐induced block of SKCa input to EDH. These results reveal a novel mechanism whereby peroxynitrite could promote post‐ischaemic brain injury.
Low mitochondrial DNA diversity of Japanese Polled and Kuchinoshima feral cattle
Authors: Mannen Hideyuki , Yonesaka Riku , Noda Aoi , Shimogiri Takeshi , Oshima Ichiro , Katahira Kiyomi , Kanemaki Misao , Kunieda Tetsuo , Inayoshi Yousuke , Mukai Fumio , Sasazaki Shinji 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study aims to estimate the mitochondrial genetic diversity and structure of Japanese Polled and Kuchinoshima feral cattle, which are maintained in small populations. We determined the mitochondrial DMA (mtDNA) displacement loop (D‐loop) sequences for both cattle populations and analyzed these in conjunction with previously published data from Northeast Asian cattle populations. Our findings showed that Japanese native cattle have a predominant, Asian‐specific mtDNA haplogroup T4 with high frequencies (0.43–0.81). This excluded Kuchinoshima cattle (32 animals), which had only one mtDNA haplotype belonging to the haplogroup T3. Japanese Polled showed relatively lower mtDNA diversity in the average sequence divergence (0.0020) than other Wagyu breeds (0.0036–0.0047). Japanese Polled have been maintained in a limited area of Yamaguchi, and the population size is now less than 200. Therefore, low mtDNA diversity in the Japanese Polled could be explained by the decreasing population size in the last three decades. We found low mtDNA diversity in both Japanese Polled and Kuchinoshima cattle. The genetic information obtained in this study will be useful for maintaining these populations and for understanding the origin of Japanese native cattle.
Novel mechanism of modulation at a ligand‐gated ion channel; action of 5‐Cl‐indole at the 5‐HT3A receptor
Authors: Powell Andrew D , Grafton Gillian , Roberts Alexander , Larkin Shannon , O'Neill Nathanael , Palandri Josephine , Otvos Reka , Cooper Alison J , Ulens Chris , Barnes Nicholas M 
Published: September 2016

Background and PurposeThe 5‐HT3 receptor is a prototypical member of the Cys‐loop ligand‐gated ion channel (LGIC) superfamily and an established therapeutic target. In addition to activation via the orthosteric site, receptor function can be modulated by allosteric ligands. We have investigated the pharmacological action of Cl‐indole upon the 5‐HT3A receptor and identified that this positive allosteric modulator possesses a novel mechanism of action for LGICs.Experimental ApproachThe impact of Cl‐indole upon the 5‐HT3 receptor was assessed using single cell electrophysiological recordings and [3H]‐granisetron binding in HEK293 cells stably expressing the 5‐HT3 receptor.Key ResultsCl‐indole failed to evoke 5‐HT3A receptor‐mediated responses (up to 30 μM) or display affinity for the [3H]‐granisetron binding site. However, in the presence of Cl‐indole, termination of 5‐HT application revealed tail currents mediated via the 5‐HT3A receptor that were independent of the preceding 5‐HT concentration but were antagonized by the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron. These tail currents were absent in the 5‐HT3AB receptor. Furthermore, the presence of 5‐HT revealed a concentration‐dependent increase in the affinity of Cl‐indole for the orthosteric binding site of the human 5‐HT3A receptor.Conclusions and ImplicationsCl‐indole acts as both an orthosteric agonist and an allosteric modulator, but the presence of an orthosteric agonist (e.g. 5‐HT) is a prerequisite to reveal both actions. Precedent for ago‐allosteric action is available, yet the essential additional presence of an orthosteric agonist is now reported for the first time. This widening of the pharmacological mechanisms to modulate LGICs may offer further therapeutic opportunities.
Health‐related quality of life of young people with long‐term illnesses before and after transfer from child to adult healthcare
Authors: While A. E. , Heery E. , Sheehan A. M. , Coyne I. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe numbers of children with long‐term illnesses surviving into adulthood and transferring from child to adult services has increased dramatically in the last 30 years. This study aimed to examine health‐related quality of life pre‐ and post‐transfer from child to adult healthcare for young people with three long‐term illnesses.MethodsA total of 217 young people with cystic fibrosis, congenital heart defects or diabetes attending child and adult hospital services in Dublin, Ireland completed a questionnaire survey. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of five dimensions of health‐related quality of life pre‐ and post‐transfer.ResultsPost‐transfer young people with congenital heart disease and diabetes reported significantly lower physical well‐being than their pre‐transfer counterparts. Pre‐transfer young people with cystic fibrosis reported significantly lower physical well‐being than those with diabetes, but there was no significant difference post‐transfer. Pre‐transfer females reported lower scores than males on the Psychological Well‐being and Autonomy and Parent Relation dimensions; however, these differences disappeared post‐transfer. Higher maternal overprotection scores were associated with significantly lower scores on the Psychological Well‐being, Autonomy and Parent Relation, and Social Support and Peers dimensions, regardless of transfer status.ConclusionsDisease group, gender and maternal overprotection were predictors of health‐related quality of life pre‐ and post‐transfer from child to adult healthcare. Transition programmes should promote self‐management and discourage parental overprotection.
Are Brazil's Deforesters Avoiding Detection?
Authors: Richards Peter , Arima Eugenio , VanWey Leah , Cohn Avery , Bhattarai Nishan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRates of deforestation reported by Brazil's official deforestation monitoring system have declined dramatically in the Brazilian Amazon. Much of Brazil's success in its fight against deforestation has been credited to a series of policy changes put into place between 2004 and 2008. In this research, we posit that one of these policies, the decision to use the country's official system for monitoring forest loss in the Amazon as a policing tool, has incentivized landowners to deforest in ways and places that evade Brazil's official monitoring and enforcement system. As a consequence, we a) show or b) provide several pieces of suggestive evidence that recent successes in protecting monitored forests in the Brazilian Amazon may be doing less to protect the region's forests than previously assumed.
Role of positron emission tomography imaging in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndromes
Authors: July Mose , Santhanam Prasanna , Giovanella Luca , Treglia Giorgio 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe aim of this review was to summarize the recent developments on the role of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using different radiopharmaceuticals in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes. Although most guidelines do not mention the use of PET imaging in patients with MEN syndromes, recent data seem to suggest a relevant diagnostic role of PET imaging in this setting. In particular, latest evidence has shown that somatostatin receptor PET provides a diagnostic accuracy in detecting MEN syndromes‐related neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) higher than that of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, thus influencing patient management in a significant percentage of cases. 18F‐DOPA PET seems to have a potential role in detecting MEN‐2‐related NETs, whereas 18F‐FDG PET is potentially useful in identifying aggressive NETs with poorer outcomes. More studies are needed to better define the role of different radiotracer‐based PET imaging in patients with MEN syndromes.
Static and dynamic functional connectivity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: use of arterial spin labelling fMRI
Authors: Boissoneault Jeff , Letzen Janelle , Lai Song , Robinson Michael E. , Staud Roland 
Published: September 2016

SummaryStudies using arterial spin labelling (ASL) have shown that individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have decreased regional cerebral blood flow, which may be associated with changes in functional neural networks. Indeed, recent studies indicate disruptions in functional connectivity (FC) at rest in chronically fatigued patients including perturbations in static FC (sFC), that is average FC at rest between several brain regions subserving neurocognitive, motor and affect‐related networks. Whereas sFC often provides information of functional network reorganization in chronic illnesses, investigations of temporal changes in functional connectivity between multiple brain areas may shed light on the dynamic characteristics of brain network activation associated with such maladies. We used ASL fMRI in 19 patients with CFS and 15 healthy controls (HC) to examine both static and dynamic changes in FC among several a priori selected brain regions during a fatiguing cognitive task. HC showed greater increases than CFS in static FC (sFC) between insula and temporo‐occipital structures and between precuneus and thalamus/striatum. Furthermore, inferior frontal gyrus connectivity to cerebellum, occipital and temporal structures declined in HC but increased in CFS. Patients also showed lower dynamic FC (dFC) between hippocampus and right superior parietal lobule. Both sFC and dFC correlated with task‐related fatigue increases. These data provide the first evidence that perturbations in static and dynamic FC may underlie chronically fatigued patients’ report of task‐induced fatigue. Further research will determine whether such changes in sFC and dFC are also characteristic for other fatigued individuals, including patients with chronic pain, cancer and multiple sclerosis.
‘Why can't I just not drink?’ A qualitative study of adults' social experiences of stopping or reducing alcohol consumption
Authors: Bartram Ashlea , Eliott Jaklin , Crabb Shona 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAlcohol is ingrained in Australian culture, playing an important role in many social occasions. This can make reducing or stopping alcohol consumption challenging, as one risks rejecting, not just a drink but also the valued social norms that drink represents. This study aimed to investigate the social experiences of adults who stop or reduce their alcohol consumption.Design and MethodsSixteen semi‐structured interviews were conducted with people aged over 25 years who had stopped or significantly reduced their alcohol consumption for at least 3 months in the past year and were thematically analysed.ResultsParticipants found themselves stigmatised for violating expectations around alcohol consumption when they tried to stop or reduce their own drinking. Although most were able to either conceal their change in alcohol consumption or present it so that it did not challenge norms around drinking, this approach was seen as a temporary measure and not one to employ with people with whom they socialised regularly. Instead, many participants sought to change their interactions with their social group to focus on activities with which alcohol consumption was not strongly associated.Discussion and ConclusionsReducing or stopping alcohol consumption can have positive consequences for health, yet it can also raise social challenges that individuals need to negotiate in order to maintain their social well‐being. This tension suggests a need for health promotion campaigns to address the social as well as health consequences of reducing alcohol consumption. [Bartram A, Eliott J, Crabb S. ‘Why can't I just not drink?’ A qualitative study of adults' social experiences of stopping or reducing alcohol consumption. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;26:449‐455]
Alcohol promotions in Australian supermarket catalogues
Authors: Johnston Robyn , Stafford Julia , Pierce Hannah , Daube Mike 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIn Australia, most alcohol is sold as packaged liquor from off‐premises retailers, a market increasingly dominated by supermarket chains. Competition between retailers may encourage marketing approaches, for example, discounting, that evidence indicates contribute to alcohol‐related harms. This research documented the nature and variety of promotional methods used by two major supermarket retailers to promote alcohol products in their supermarket catalogues.Design and MethodsWeekly catalogues from the two largest Australian supermarket chains were reviewed for alcohol‐related content over 12 months. Alcohol promotions were assessed for promotion type, product type, number of standard drinks, purchase price and price/standard drink.ResultsEach store catalogue included, on average, 13 alcohol promotions/week, with price‐based promotions most common. Forty‐five percent of promotions required the purchase of multiple alcohol items. Wine was the most frequently promoted product (44%), followed by beer (24%) and spirits (18%). Most (99%) wine cask (2–5 L container) promotions required multiple (two to three) casks to be purchased. The average number of standard drinks required to be purchased to participate in catalogue promotions was 31.7 (SD = 24.9; median = 23.1). The median price per standard drink was $1.49 (range $0.19–$9.81). Cask wines had the lowest cost per standard drink across all product types.Discussion and ConclusionsSupermarket catalogues' emphasis on low prices/high volumes of alcohol reflects that retailers are taking advantage of limited restrictions on off‐premise sales and promotion, which allow them to approach market competition in ways that may increase alcohol‐related harms in consumers. Regulation of alcohol marketing should address retailer catalogue promotions. [Johnston R, Stafford J, Pierce H, Daube M. Alcohol promotions in Australian supermarket catalogues. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:456‐463]
Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided choledochoduodenostomy using a newly designed laser‐cut metal stent: Feasibility study in a porcine model
Authors: Minaga Kosuke , Kitano Masayuki , Gon Chimyon , Yamao Kentaro , Imai Hajime , Miyata Takeshi , Kamata Ken , Omoto Shunsuke , Takenaka Mamoru , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: September 2016

Background and AimEndoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS‐CDS) is increasingly used in the treatment of malignant distal biliary obstruction. Standardized use of this technique requires improvements in instruments, including more convenient and safer devices. The present study was designed to evaluate the resistance force to migration (RFM) of a newly designed laser‐cut metal stent and the feasibility of EUS‐CDS using this stent.MethodsThis experimental study used a porcine model of biliary dilatation involving five male pigs. The new stent is a fully covered laser‐cut stent with anti‐migration anchoring hooks. The RFM of the new stents was compared with those of three commercially available covered metal stents using a phantom model. In the animal study, after ligation of Vater's ampulla with endoscopic clips, the dilated common bile duct was punctured under EUS guidance, followed by EUS‐CDS using the new stent. One week after the procedure, the stents were removed endoscopically and the fistulas were assessed after the pigs were killed. Technical feasibility and clinical outcomes were evaluated.ResultsAmong the four stents, the new stent had the highest RFM. Metal stent placement was successful in all five pigs, with no procedure‐related complications occurring during and 1 week after endoscopic intervention. All stents remained in place without migration and were removed easily using a snare. At necropsy, fistulas were created between the bile duct and duodenum in all pigs.ConclusionEUS‐CDS using a newly designed metal stent was feasible and effective in this porcine model of biliary dilatation.
The C'JAAD: a French team for early intervention in psychosis in Paris
Authors: Oppetit Alice , Bourgin Julie , Martinez Gilles , Kazes Mathilde , Mam‐Lam‐Fook Célia , Gaillard Raphael , Olié Jean‐Pierre , Krebs Marie‐Odile 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe aim is to describe a centre operating in Paris that pioneers the early intervention for young people at the onset and at high risk of psychosis in France.MethodsComprehensive descriptive analysis of different clinical and service measures is used in describing the implementation of the C'JAAD (Evaluation Centre for Young Adults and Adolescents) using data from an ongoing prospective non‐interventional research programme.ResultsOver a 2‐year period, 151 patients were referred to the C'JAAD and included in the ICAAR research programme. After evaluation by the Comprehensive Assessment of the At‐Risk Mental States Scale, 53.7% were identified at risk of developing a psychosis, 20.6% presented a full‐blown psychosis and 25.7% were considered not at risk of developing a psychosis. A total of 84% of the at‐risk subjects suffered from a psychiatric co‐morbidity, of which anxiodepressive symptoms being the most frequent (39%). The global functioning of these at‐risk subjects was seriously impaired (average Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale score = 48.9). More than one third of the patients was self‐referred (33.8%), 22.5% were addressed by a psychiatrist whereas 10.6% were referred by a general practitioner.ConclusionsIn this paper, we report for the first time the activities of the C'JAAD, the pioneer unit in France for early detection and treatment of young adults with early psychosis. These observations indicate that such early intervention centre is a feasible and sustainable extension of traditional care for people with mental disorders in this country and offers promising perspective for the development of further centres.
Value of video monitoring for nocturnal seizure detection in a residential setting
Authors: van der Lende Marije , Cox Fieke M. E. , Visser Gerhard H. , Sander Josemir W. , Thijs Roland D. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryObjectiveFollowing a sudden death at a residential care unit, the Dutch Health and Care Inspectorate advised intensification of the use of video monitoring (VM) at the unit. We assessed whether VM resulted in increased identification of seizures that required clinical intervention.MethodsThe unit provides care for 340 individuals with refractory epilepsy and severe learning disabilities. Acoustic detection systems (ADSs) cover all individuals; 37 people also have a bed motion sensor (BMS) and 46 people with possible nocturnal seizures are now monitored by VM. During a 6‐month period, in all cases of a suspected seizure we asked the caregivers to specify which device alerted them and to indicate whether this led to an intervention. Staff costs of VM were estimated using payroll information.ResultsWe identified 1,208 seizures in 37 individuals: 4 had no nocturnal seizures and 393 (33%) seizures were seen only on video. In 169 (14%) of 1,208 seizures an intervention was made and this included 39 (10%) of 393 seizures seen only on video. When compared to seizures observed with an ADS or BMS, seizures seen only on video were more often tonic seizures (71% vs. 22%, p < 0.001) and occurred mostly in the beginning or at the end of the night (40% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). The extra staff costs of monitoring was 7,035 euro per seizure seen only on video and leading to an intervention.SignificanceVM facilitates nocturnal surveillance, but the costs are high. This underscores the need for development of reliable seizure detection devices.