bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forward Global Photometric Calibration of the Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Burke D. L. , Rykoff E. S. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Bechtol K. , Bernstein G. M. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Finley D. A. , Gruendl R. A. , James D. J. , Kent S. , Kessler R. , Kuhlmann S. , Lasker J. , Li T. S. , Scolnic D. , Smith J. , Tucker D. L. , Wester W. , Yanny B. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bertin E. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , da Costa L. N. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Estrada J. , García-Bellido J. , Gruen D. , Gutierrez G. , Honscheid K. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Marshall J. L. , Melchior P. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Plazas A. A. , Sako M. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schindler R. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Smith R. C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , Walker A. R. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Many scientific goals for the Dark Energy Survey (DES) require the calibration of optical/NIR broadband b = grizY photometry that is stable in time and uniform over the celestial sky to one percent or better. It is also necessary to limit to similar accuracy systematic uncertainty in the calibrated broadband magnitudes due to uncertainty in the spectrum of the source. Here we present a “Forward Global Calibration Method (FGCM)” for photometric calibration of the DES, and we present results of its application to the first three years of the survey (Y3A1). The FGCM combines data taken with auxiliary instrumentation at the observatory with data from the broadband survey imaging itself and models of the instrument and atmosphere to estimate the spatial and time dependences of the passbands of individual DES survey exposures. “Standard” passbands that are typical of the passbands encountered during the survey are chosen. The passband of any individual observation is combined with an estimate of the source spectral shape to yield a magnitude

in the standard system. This “chromatic correction” to the standard system is necessary to achieve subpercent calibrations and in particular, to resolve ambiguity between the broadband brightness of a source and the shape of its SED. The FGCM achieves a reproducible and stable photometric calibration of standard magnitudes

of stellar sources over the multiyear Y3A1 data sample with residual random calibration errors of

per exposure. The accuracy of the calibration is uniform across the

DES footprint to within

. The systematic uncertainties of magnitudes in the standard system due to the spectra of sources are less than

for main-sequence stars with

.
The VLA Nascent Disk And Multiplicity Survey of Perseus Protostars (VANDAM). III. Extended Radio Emission from Protostars in Perseus
Authors: Tychoniec Łukasz , Tobin John J. , Karska Agata , Chandler Claire , Dunham Michael M. , Li Zhi-Yun , Looney Leslie W. , Segura-Cox Dominique , Harris Robert J. , Melis Carl , Sadavoy Sarah I. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Centimeter continuum emission from protostars offers insight into the innermost part of the outflows, as shock-ionized gas produces free–free emission. We observed a complete population of Class 0 and I protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud at 4.1 and 6.4 cm with resolution and sensitivity superior to previous surveys. From a total of 71 detections, eight sources exhibit resolved emission at 4.1 cm and/or 6.4 cm. In this paper, we focus on this subsample, analyzing their spectral indices along the jet and their alignment with respect to the large-scale molecular outflow. Spectral indices for fluxes integrated toward the position of the protostar are consistent with free–free thermal emission. The value of the spectral index along a radio jet decreases with distance from the protostar. For six sources, emission is well aligned with the outflow central axis, showing that we observe the ionized base of the jet. This is not the case for two sources, where we note misalignment of the emission with respect to the large-scale outflow. This might indicate that the emission does not originate in the radio jet, but rather in an ionized outflow cavity wall or disk surface. For five of the sources, the spectral indices along the jet decrease well below the thermal free–free limit of −0.1 with

significance. This is indicative of synchrotron emission, meaning that high-energy electrons are being produced in the outflows close to the disk. This result can have far-reaching implications for the chemical composition of the embedded disks.
Formation of Cool and Warm Jets by Magnetic Flux Emerging from the Solar Chromosphere to Transition Region
Authors: Yang Liping , Peter Hardi , He Jiansen , Tu Chuanyi , Wang Linghua , Zhang Lei , Yan Limei 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In the solar atmosphere, jets are ubiquitous at various spatial-temporal scales. They are important for understanding the energy and mass transports in the solar atmosphere. According to recent observational studies, the high-speed network jets are likely to be intermittent but continual sources of mass and energy for the solar wind. Here, we conduct a 2D magnetohydrodynamics simulation to investigate the mechanism of these network jets. A combination of magnetic flux emergence and horizontal advection is used to drive the magnetic reconnection in the transition region between a strong magnetic loop and a background open flux. The simulation results show that not only a fast warm jet, much similar to the network jets, is found, but also an adjacent slow cool jet, mostly like classical spicules, is launched. Differing from the fast warm jet driven by magnetic reconnection, the slow cool jet is mainly accelerated by gradients of both thermal pressure and magnetic pressure near the outer border of the mass-concentrated region compressed by the emerging loop. These results provide a different perspective on our understanding of the formation of both the slow cool jets from the solar chromosphere and the fast warm jets from the solar transition region.
A New Precision Measurement of the Small-scale Line-of-sight Power Spectrum of the Lyα Forest
Authors: Walther Michael , Hennawi Joseph F. , Hiss Hector , Oñorbe Jose , Lee Khee-Gan , Rorai Alberto , O’Meara John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present a new measurement of the Lyα forest power spectrum at 1.8 < z < 3.4 using 74 Keck/HIRES and VLT/UVES high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise-ratio quasar spectra. We developed a custom pipeline to measure the power spectrum and its uncertainty, which fully accounts for finite resolution and noise and corrects for the bias induced by masking missing data, damped Lyα absorption systems, and metal absorption lines. Our measurement results in unprecedented precision on the small-scale modes

, inaccessible to previous SDSS/BOSS analyses. It is well known that these high-k modes are highly sensitive to the thermal state of the intergalactic medium, but contamination by narrow metal lines is a significant concern. We quantify the effect of metals on the small-scale power and find a modest effect on modes with

. As a result, by masking metals and restricting to

, their impact is completely mitigated. We present an end-to-end Bayesian forward-modeling framework whereby mock spectra with the same noise, resolution, and masking as our data are generated from Lyα forest simulations. These mock spectra are used to build a custom emulator, enabling us to interpolate between a sparse grid of models and perform Markov chain Monte Carlo fits. Our results agree well with BOSS on scales

, where the measurements overlap. The combination of the percent-level low-k precision of BOSS with our 5%–15% high-k measurements results in a powerful new data set for precisely constraining the thermal history of the intergalactic medium, cosmological parameters, and the nature of dark matter. The power spectra and their covariance matrices are provided as electronic tables.
The Discovery of Herbig–Haro Objects in LDN 673
Authors: Rector T. A. , Shuping R. Y. , Prato L. , Schweiker H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of 12 faint Herbig–Haro (HH) objects in LDN 673 found using a novel color-composite imaging method that reveals faint Hα emission in complex environments. Follow-up observations in [S ii] confirmed their classification as HH objects. Potential driving sources are identified from the Spitzer c2d Legacy Program catalog and other infrared observations. The 12 new HH objects can be divided into three groups: four are likely associated with a cluster of eight young stellar object class I/II IR sources that lie between them; five are colinear with the T Tauri multiple star system AS 353, and are likely driven by the same source as HH 32 and HH 332; and three are bisected by a very red source that coincides with an infrared dark cloud. We also provide updated coordinates for the three components of HH 332. Inaccurate numbers were given for this object in the discovery paper. The discovery of HH objects and associated driving sources in this region provides new evidence for star formation in the Aquila clouds, implying a much larger T Tauri population in a seldom-studied region.
Magnetic Axis Drift and Magnetic Spot Formation in Neutron Stars with Toroidal Fields
Authors: Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N. , Hollerbach Rainer 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We explore magnetic field configurations that lead to the formation of magnetic spots on the surface of neutron stars and the displacement of the magnetic dipole axis. We find that a toroidally dominated magnetic field is essential for the generation of a single spot with a strong magnetic field. Once a spot forms, it survives for several million years, even after the total magnetic field has decayed significantly. We find that the dipole axis is not stationary with respect to the neutron star’s surface and does not in general coincide with the location of the magnetic spot. This is due to non-axisymmetric instabilities of the toroidal field that displace the poloidal dipole axis at rates that may reach 0.°4 per century. A misaligned poloidal dipole axis with the toroidal field leads to more significant displacement of the dipole axis than the fully aligned case. Finally we discuss the evolution of neutron stars with such magnetic fields on the

diagram and the observational implications. We find that neutron stars spend a very short time before they cross the Death Line of the

diagram, compared to their characteristic ages. Moreover, the maximum intensity of their surface magnetic field is substantially higher than the dipole component of the field. We argue that SGR 0418+5729 could be an example of this type of behavior, having a weak dipole field, yet hosting a magnetic spot responsible for its magnetar behavior. The evolution on the pulse profile and braking index of the Crab pulsar, which are attributed to an increase of its obliquity, are compatible with the anticipated drift of the magnetic axis.
Capacity measures in context I : la question des conversions
Authors: Chambon Grégory , Marti Lionel 
Published: December 2017

Les expressions concernant les mesures de capacité qui apparaissent dans les documentations paléobabylonienne et médioassyrienne sont le plus souvent comprises comme des indications sur les types de standards de mesure utilisés. Certains textes, dans les deux documentations, témoigneraient même de conversions entre standards de mesure différents. En ne nous concentrant pas uniquement sur les aspects terminologiques et en recontextualisant les transactions de denrées dont il est question dans les textes, nous proposons d’interpréter ces expressions non pas comme l’enregistrement de pratiques matérielles de mesure mais plutôt comme des informations administratives, qui renvoient en réalité à des questions de gestion telles que le mode d’acquisition du grain, sa provenance dans le circuit administratif et les acteurs économiques et institutionnels impliqués.	À partir de quelques études de cas issues des deux documentations, nous cherchons à montrer que ce qui est écrit dans les textes comptables ne se résume pas au simple enregistrement de données effectives mais intègre également des données prévisionnelles ou organisationnelles indiquant l’engagement de l’institution à fournir ou prélever une part des quantités faisant l’objet de la transaction.
Pitch Volume and Glenohumeral and Hip Motion and Strength in Youth Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Harding Josie L. , Picha Kelsey J. , Bliven Kellie C. Huxel 
Published: December 2017

Context:
Increased pitch volume and altered glenohumeral (GH) and hip range of motion (ROM) and strength contribute to injury risk in baseball pitchers. Although these factors affect one another, whether they are related is unknown.

Objective:
To examine relationships among cumulative and seasonal pitch volume, ROM, and strength of the GH and hip joints in youth baseball pitchers.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Baseball practice facilities.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 28 healthy baseball pitchers (age = 13.9 ± 2.9 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
A demographic and pitching questionnaire was used to quantify pitch volume. Glenohumeral internal-rotation (IR) and external-rotation (ER) ROM and strength of the throwing arm; total arc of motion (IR + ER ROM); and bilateral hip IR, ER, and total arc of motion ROM and strength in IR, ER, and abduction were measured. A goniometer was used to assess ROM; a handheld dynamometer, to assess strength. Frequency analyses and bivariate correlations (age covariate) described data and identified relationships.

Results:
Correlations between years of competitive play and increased strength in lead-leg hip IR (r = 0.52, P = .02) and abduction (r = 0.48, P = .04) and stance-leg hip IR (r = 0.45, P = .05) were fair to good. The number of months played in the last year had a fair correlation with decreased GH IR strength (r = −0.39, P = .04) and increased stance-leg hip IR strength (r = 0.44, P = .05). Limited pitch time had a fair correlation with increased GH ER ROM (r = 0.40, P = .04) and an excellent correlation with increased lead-leg hip IR ROM (r = 0.79, P &lt; .001). Increased innings pitched per game had a fair to good correlation with decreased GH IR strength (r = −0.41, P = .04) and stance-leg hip ER ROM (r = −0.53, P = .03). More pitches per game had a fair to good correlation with increased GH ER ROM (r = 0.44, P = .05) and decreased stance-leg hip ER ROM (r = −0.62, P = .008).

Conclusions:
The significant relationships identified in this study suggest the need to further examine youth and adolescent cumulative and seasonal pitch guidelines.
Assessment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in condylar fracture of the mandible using the Helkimo index
Authors: Suhas S. , Ramdas Sharad , Lingam P. P. , Kumar H. R. Naveen , Sasidharan Aashish , Aadithya R. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Condylar fractures of the mandible are functionally important fractures as the condyle of the mandible being a part of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and can lead to TMJ dysfunction if not properly treated. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a total of 33 treated patients with fracture of the mandibular condyle who underwent examination as per the Helkimo index. Their dysfunction was quantified and clinicoepidemiological characteristics were assessed. It was found that majority of our patients were young males involved in a two-wheeler accident. All patients underwent intermaxillary fixation as the minimum treatment and 30% underwent open reduction and internal fixation in addition. Results: There was no statistically significant association between the degree of clinical dysfunction and factors such as age, mechanism of injury, type of condyle fracture, presence of other mandible fractures, and surgical procedure. However, dislocation of the mandibular condyle was found to be a negative prognostic factor and all these patients had some degree of dysfunction. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of TMJ dysfunction according to the Helkimo index was 90%. About 61% of patients had mild dysfunction (Di1) and 30% had moderate dysfunction (Di2). None of the patients had severe dysfunction. To conclude, the Helkimo index is a simple, effective, inexpensive, reliable screening index to assess TMJ dysfunction in condylar fractures of mandible.
Primary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity repair using V-Y-Z plasty: An anthropometric study
Authors: Rossell-Perry Percy 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: Secondary nose deformity after unilateral cleft lip repair is a common problem. Loss of tip projection on the cleft side of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity can be difficult to correct due to lack of adequate support. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcome after using V-Y-Z plasty to address unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. Methods: A cross-sectional study of one surgeon's outcome of 58 performed primary complete unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity repairs. All these patients met the study criterion of having anthropometric measurements at the cleft and non-cleft side of the nose performed at least 1 year postoperatively. Results: Since 2012, 32 consecutive patients have undergone primary anatomical repair of the cleft nasal deformity in patients with a complete unilateral cleft. We have not found statistically significant differences between the cleft and non-cleft nostril dome height and columella length measured at least 1 year postoperatively. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the V-Y-Z plasty is a good alternative to create a more symmetric nasal tip in patients with primary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Additional studies are required to evaluate functional and long-term outcomes after primary rhinoplasty in patients with unilateral cleft lip.
Management of vascular anomalies: Review of institutional management algorithm
Authors: Makhija Lalit K. , Bhattacharya Sameek 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Vascular anomalies are congenital lesions broadly categorised into vascular tumour (haemangiomas) and vascular dysmorphogenesis (vascular malformation). The management of these difficult problems has lately been simplified by the biological classification and multidisciplinary approach. To standardise the treatment protocol, an algorithm has been devised. The study aims to validate the algorithm in terms of its utility and presents our experience in managing vascular anomalies. Materials and Methods: The biological classification of Mulliken and Glowacki was followed. A detailed algorithm for management of vascular anomalies has been devised in the department. The protocol is being practiced by us since the past two decades. The data regarding the types of lesions and treatment modality used were maintained. Results and Conclusion: This study was conducted from 2002 to 2012. A total of 784 cases of vascular anomalies were included in the study of which 196 were haemangiomas and 588 were vascular malformations. The algorithmic approach has brought an element of much-needed objectivity in the management of vascular anomalies. This has helped us to define the management of particular lesion considering its pathology, extent and aesthetic and functional consequences of ablation to a certain extent.
Medial femoral condyle vascularised corticoperiosteal graft: A suitable choice for scaphoid non-union
Authors: Kumta Samir , Warrier Sudhir , Jain Leena , Ummal Rani , Menezes Manik , Purohit Shrirang 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Scaphoid fractures are not very common and frequently remain undiagnosed, presenting in non-union and persistent wrist pain. Options for scaphoid fracture treatment have been described over several decades, however, none with an optimal solution to achieve union along with good hand function. We describe here, the use of vascularised corticoperiosteal bone grafts from the medial femoral condyle (MFC) as a solution for the difficult problem of scaphoid fracture non-union. Materials and Methods: This series has 11 patients with non-union following a scaphoid fracture treated over 18 months ranging from January 2014 to January 2016 using a vascularised corticoperiosteal graft from the MFC. Bone graft fixation was done using K-wires and anastomosis was done with the radial vessels. Results: There were no cases of flap loss. Time of union was an average 3 months. All patients had a full range of movements. Discussion: MFC is an ideal site for harvesting vascularised corticoperiosteal grafts providing a large surface of tissue supplied by a rich periosteal plexus from the descending genicular artery. No significant donor site morbidities have been reported in any series in the past. The well-defined anatomy helps in a rather simple dissection. Corticoperiosteal grafts have a high osteogenic potential and hence, this vascularised graft seems ideal for small bone non-unions. Conclusion: Thin, pliable and highly vascularised corticocancellous grafts can be obtained from the MFC as an optimal treatment option for scaphoid non-unions.
Why borrow from Peter when Paul can afford it? Reverse homodigital artery flap for fingertip reconstruction
Authors: Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Mahipathy Surya Rao Rao Venkata , Durairaj Alagar Raja 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: Fingertip injuries that are complicated by pulp loss, bone or tendon exposure will need a flap cover. Cross finger flap is commonly used to cover such defects. However, patients are apprehensive about injuring the uninjured finger as a donor site. Reverse homodigital artery flap (RHAF) can provide reliable vascularised cover to such defects. Aims: This study aims to assess the functional and aesthetic outcomes along with the patient satisfaction of RHAFs done for fingertip defects. Materials and Methods: RHAFs done in 18 patients operated between August 2015 and October 2016 were retrospectively analysed on flap survival, sensory recovery, range of movements, hypersensitivity, cold intolerance, flexion contracture and donor site morbidity. Results: Seventeen of the 18 flaps done survived completely. One flap had partial necrosis of 3 mm that healed conservatively. Middle finger of the right hand was the most commonly injured finger. Touch, pain and pressure sensations recovered in 8–12 weeks. Two-point discrimination was 4.5 mm at 6 months. The deficit of 5° s was present at distal interphalangeal joint during active flexion at 6 months. Cold intolerance and flexion contracture were not seen and 2 instances of hypersensitivity at 2 months got cured conservatively after 4 months. Overall satisfaction of patients was 8/10. Conclusion: RHAF provides single staged well-vascularised cover for fingertip injuries with good sensory recovery without damaging the adjacent uninjured finger. Hence, it can be a reliable flap for fingertip reconstruction in selected cases.