bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tale of two riffles: Using multidimensional, multifractional, time‐varying sediment transport to assess self‐maintenance in pool‐riffle sequences
Authors: Bayat Esmaeel , Rodríguez José F. , Saco Patricia M. , de Almeida Gustavo A. M. , Vahidi Elham , García Marcelo H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPool‐riffle sequences play a central role in providing habitat diversity conditions both in terms of flow and substrate in gravel bed streams. Understanding their capacity to self‐maintain has been the focus of research for many years, starting with the velocity reversal hypothesis. This hypothesis relied only on cross sectional averaged flow information, but its limited success prompted extensions of the hypothesis and alternative explanations for self‐maintenance. Significant advances beyond the velocity reversal hypothesis have been achieved by incorporating more information either on flow or sediment transport characteristics. However, this has been done in a compartmentalized way, with studies either focusing on one or the other aspect. This work bridges the gap between these two aspects by using an approximate methodology that combines observed characteristic stage‐dependent 3‐D flow patterns with time‐varying cross sectional information on bed shear stresses, sediment distribution, and sediment bed changes during a 1 year record of continuous discharges from a real stream. This methodology allows us to track the behavior of different sediment size fractions along flow streamlines over time and identify self‐maintenance conditions due to the combined effect of both flow multidimensionality and sediment transport. We apply this approximate methodology to two contiguous pools and riffles and demonstrate that, unexpectedly, they may rely on different mechanisms for self‐maintenance due to differences in geometry and sediment size distribution. We also demonstrate that our methodology is potentially overarching and integrative of previous partial approaches based on flow multidimensionality or sediment transport, which tend to underestimate the occurrence of self‐maintenance.
GALAXY: A new hybrid MOEA for the optimal design of Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Wang Q. , Savić D. A. , Kapelan Z. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA new hybrid optimizer, called genetically adaptive leaping algorithm for approximation and diversity (GALAXY), is proposed for dealing with the discrete, combinatorial, multiobjective design of Water Distribution Systems (WDSs), which is NP‐hard and computationally intensive. The merit of GALAXY is its ability to alleviate to a great extent the parameterization issue and the high computational overhead. It follows the generational framework of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) and includes six search operators and several important strategies. These operators are selected based on their leaping ability in the objective space from the global and local search perspectives. These strategies steer the optimization and balance the exploration and exploitation aspects simultaneously. A highlighted feature of GALAXY lies in the fact that it eliminates majority of parameters, thus being robust and easy‐to‐use. The comparative studies between GALAXY and three representative MOEAs on five benchmark WDS design problems confirm its competitiveness. GALAXY can identify better converged and distributed boundary solutions efficiently and consistently, indicating a much more balanced capability between the global and local search. Moreover, its advantages over other MOEAs become more substantial as the complexity of the design problem increases.
On the parameter dependence of the whistler anisotropy instability
Authors: An Xin , Yue Chao , Bortnik Jacob , Decyk Viktor , Li Wen , Thorne Richard M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe evolution of the whistler anisotropy instability relevant to whistler‐mode chorus waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere is studied using kinetic simulations and is compared with satellite observations. The electron distribution is constrained by the whistler anisotropy instability to a marginal stability state and presents an upper bound of electron anisotropy, which agrees with satellite observations. The electron beta β∥e separates whistler waves into two groups: (i) quasi‐parallel whistler waves for
and (ii) oblique whistler waves close to the resonance cone for
. Landau damping is important in the saturation and relaxation stage of the oblique whistler wave growth. The saturated magnetic field energy of whistler waves roughly scales with the electron beta
, shown in both simulations and satellite observations. These results suggest the critical role of electron beta β∥e in determining the whistler wave properties in the inner magnetosphere.
A phase 2 safety study of accelerated elotuzumab infusion, over less than 1 h, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Berenson James , Manges Robert , Badarinath Suprith , Cartmell Alan , McIntyre Kristi , Lyons Roger , Harb Wael , Mohamed Hesham , Nourbakhsh Ali , Rifkin Robert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractElotuzumab, an immunostimulatory SLAMF7‐targeting monoclonal antibody, induces myeloma cell death with minimal effects on normal tissue. In a previous phase 3 study in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), elotuzumab (10 mg/kg, ∼3‐h infusion), combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, demonstrated durable efficacy and acceptable safety; 10% (33/321) of patients had infusion reactions (IRs; Grade 1/2: 29; Grade 3: 4). This phase 2 study (NCT02159365) investigated an accelerated infusion schedule in 70 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma or RRMM. The primary endpoint was cumulative incidence of Grade 3/4 IRs by completion of treatment Cycle 2. Dosing comprised elotuzumab 10 mg/kg intravenously (weekly, Cycles 1‐2; biweekly, Cycles 3+), lenalidomide 25 mg (daily, Days 1‐21), and dexamethasone (28 mg orally and 8 mg intravenously, weekly, Cycles 1‐2; 40 mg orally, weekly, Cycles 3+), in 28‐day cycles. Premedication with diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, and ranitidine (or their equivalents) was given as in previous studies. If no IRs occurred, infusion rate was increased in Cycle 1 from 0.5 to 2 mL/min during dose 1 (∼2 h 50 min duration) to 5 mL/min for the entire infusion by dose 3 and also during all subsequent infusions (∼1‐h duration). Median number of treatment cycles was six. No Grade 3/4 IRs occurred; only one Grade 1 and one Grade 2 IR occurred, both during the first infusion. These data support the safety of a faster infusion of elotuzumab administered over ∼1 h by the third dose, providing a more convenient alternative dosing option for patients.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Anilines using Benzothiazole as a Removable Directing Group
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Singh Sukanya , Kumari Akhilesh , Sawant Devesh M. , Pardasani Ram T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn efficient and inexpensive cationic ruthenium(II) catalyst enabled synthesis of bis‐heterocycles through an oxidative annulation of benzothiazole‐directed anilines and alkynes is described. This strategy provides a broad scope of anilines bearing a directing group and alkynes with good to excellent yields. To our knowledge, this is the first report on benzothiazoles as removable directing groups, leading to the construction of diversified indoles.
Comparison ofSeveralWhiteMatterTracts inFeline andCanineBrain byUsingMagneticResonanceDiffusionTensorImaging
Authors: Jacqmot Olivier , Van Thielen Bert , Michotte Alex , Willekens Inneke , Verhelle Filip , Goossens Peter , De Ridder Filip , Clarys Jan Pieter , Vanbinst Anne , Peleman Cindy , de Mey Johan 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTRecently, we published a first anatomical diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) atlas regarding white matter tracts in the canine brain. The purpose of this study was to show the significance of DTI in the revelation of the white matter fibres in the feline brain (i.e., to obtain an anatomical DTI atlas of images) and to descriptively compare these to previously obtained white matter fibre images of the canine brain. DTI MR Images of four cats euthanized for reasons other than neurological disorders were obtained with a 3 T system. Combined fractional anisotropic (FA) and directional maps were obtained within the hour after death. An experienced anatomist tracked white matter tracts of clinical relevance using the scanner software. After validation of these tracts, we compared relevant neurological connections between the cat and the dog. Comparison of cerebral structures between different species is easier when the three dimensional anatomy is visualized by using DTI. 3D rendered DTI images clearly show major differences in neurological architecture between cats and dogs for example, the more important space occupying role of the limbic system, and the less diffuse, less nodular, less pronounced and thinner fibre bundles in the feline brain compared to the canine brain (except for the cerebellum different parts connecting fibres passing through the brainstem which are pronouncedly developed). Anat Rec, 300:1270–1289, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C−H Direct Arylated 6H‐Indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline Derivative as a Thickness‐Dependent Hole‐Injection Layer
Authors: Dong Dai , Fang Da , Li Hairong , Zhu Caixia , Zhao Xianghua , Li Jiewei , Jin Lingzhi , Xie Linghai , Chen Lin , Zhao Jianfeng , Zhang Hongmei , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA novel perfluoro‐1,4‐phenylenyl 6H‐indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline derivative (TFBIQ) was designed and synthesized by using a C−H direct arylation method. The optoelectrical properties of the obtained TFBIQ were fully characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and a group of Alq3‐based green organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Device A, which used 0.5 nm‐thick TFBIQ as the interfacial modification layer, exhibited the five best advantages of device performance including a minimum turn‐on voltage as low as 3.1 V, a maximum luminescence intensity as high as 26564 cd m−2, a highest current density value of 348.9 mA cm−2 at a voltage of 11 V, the smallest efficiency roll‐off, as well as the greatest power efficiency of 1.46 lm W−1 relative to all of the other tested devices with thicker TFBIQ and also 10 nm‐thick MoO3 as hole‐injection layers (HILs). As a promising candidate for an organic HIL material, the as‐prepared TFBIQ exhibited a strong thickness effect on the performance of corresponding OLEDs. Furthermore, the theoretical calculated vertical ionization potential of the fluorinated TFBIQ suggests better anti‐oxidation stability than that of the non‐fluorinated structure.
Application of the MechPeff model to predict passive effective intestinal permeability in the different regions of the rodent small intestine and colon
Authors: Pade D. , Jamei M. , Rostami‐Hodjegan A. , Turner D.B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA major component of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models is the prediction of the rate and extent of absorption of orally dosed drugs for which knowledge of effective passive intestinal permeability (Peff) is essential. Single‐pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) studies are used to establish effective permeability in vivo but are difficult to perform in rodents, while mechanistic models to predict drug Peff in rat and mouse have not been published. This work evaluates the predictive performance of the ‘MechPeff’ model to predict Peff in the rodent intestine based upon knowledge of regional gut physiology and drug‐specific physicochemical parameters. The ‘MechPeff’ model, built‐in to the Simcyp Rat and Mouse Simulators, predicts transcellular, paracellular and mucus layer permeabilities and combines these to give the overall Peff. The jejunal and/or ileal Peff was predicted for 12 (4) acidic, 13 (12) basic, 10 (8) neutral and 2 (0) ampholytic drugs in the rat (mouse), spanning a wide range of MW and logPo:w, and compared with experimental Peff obtained using SPIP. A key input is the intrinsic transcellular permeability (Ptrans,0) which can be derived from modelling of appropriate in vitro permeability experiments or predicted from physicochemical properties. The Peff predictions were reasonably good when experimentally derived Ptrans,0 was used; from 42 Peff,rat values, 24 (57%) were within 3‐fold, and of 19 Peff,mouse values, 12 (63%) were within 3‐fold, of observed Peff. Considering the lack of alternative models to predict Peff in preclinical species, and the minimal drug‐specific inputs required, this model provides a valuable tool within drug discovery and development programmes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated microfluidic sorting of mammalian cells labeled with magnetic microparticles for those that efficiently express and secrete a protein of interest
Authors: Droz Xuan , Harraghy Niamh , Lançon Etienne , Le Fourn Valérie , Calabrese David , Colombet Thierry , Liechti Pascal , Rida Amar , Girod Pierre‐Alain , Mermod Nicolas 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWe developed a method for the fast sorting and selection of mammalian cells expressing and secreting a protein at high levels. This procedure relies on cell capture using an automated microfluidic device handling antibody‐coupled magnetic microparticles and on a timed release of the cells from the microparticles after capture. Using clinically compatible materials and procedures, we show that this approach is able to discriminate between cells that truly secrete high amounts of a protein from those that just display it at high levels on their surface without properly releasing it. When coupled to a cell colony imaging and picking device, this approach allowed the identification of CHO cell clones secreting a therapeutic protein at high levels that were not achievable without the cell sorting procedure. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1791–1802. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitive quantification of coixol, a potent insulin secretagogue, in Scoparia dulcis extract using high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry and UV detection
Authors: Ali Arslan , Haq Faraz Ul , ul Arfeen Qamar , Sharma Khaga Raj , Adhikari Achyut , Musharraf Syed Ghulam 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDiabetes is a major global health problem which requires new studies for its prevention and control. Scoparia dulcis, a herbal product, is widely used for treatment of diabetes. Recent studies demonstrate coixol as a potent and nontoxic insulin secretagog from S. dulcis. This study focuses on developing two quantitative methods of coixol in S. dulcis methanol‐based extracts. Quantification of coixol was performed using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (method 1) and high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection (method 2) with limits of detection of 0.26 and 11.6 pg/μL, respectively, and limits of quantification of 0.78 and 35.5 pg/μL, respectively. S. dulcis is rich in coixol content with values of 255.5 ± 2.1 mg/kg (method 1) and 220.4 ± 2.9 mg/kg (method 2). Excellent linearity with determination coefficients >0.999 was achieved for calibration curves from 10 to 7500 ng/mL (method 1) and from 175 to 7500 ng/mL (method 2). Good accuracy (bias < −8.6%) and precision (RSD < 8.5%) were obtained for both methods. Thus, they can be employed to analyze coixol in plant extracts and herbal formulations.
Evaluating the levels of CSF and serum factors in ALS
Authors: Guo Jie , Yang Xuan , Gao Lina , Zang Dawei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify CSF and serum factors as biomarkers that may aid in distinguishing ALS patients from control subjects and predicting ALS progression as well as prognosis.MethodsSerum and CSF samples from 105 patients with ALS and 56 control subjects were analyzed for 13 factors using ELISA. The revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS‐r) was used to evaluate the overall functional status of ALS patients, and we also followed up with ALS patients either by phone or with clinic visits for five years after enrollment in this study. Finally, we examined the correlations between factor levels and various clinical parameters and evaluated the predictive value for prognosis through a multivariate statistic model.ResultsA total of eight factors were obviously elevated in CSF, and twelve markers were increased in serum. In the correlation analyses, there were trends toward higher bFGF, VEGF, MIP‐1α levels in ALS with a longer disease duration and slower disease progression in both CSF and serum. Higher MCP‐1 levels were associated with worse disease severity and faster progression, and the IFN‐γ levels were positively associated with disease progression in either CSF or serum. Finally, a better prognosis was observed with higher levels bFGF in CSF and VEGF in CSF and serum; conversely, patients with higher levels of IFN‐γ in the CSF had shorter overall survival.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that a factor profile of ALS patients is distinct from control subjects and may be useful in clinical practice and therapeutic trials.
Psychometric properties of Brief‐Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief‐BESTest) in evaluating balance performance in individuals with chronic stroke
Authors: Huang Meizhen , Pang Marco Y. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the psychometric properties of the Brief‐Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief‐BESTest) in individuals with chronic stroke.Materials and MethodsThis was an observational study with repeated measurements involving 50 participants with chronic stroke [mean (SD) age: 59.2 (7.3) years]. Each participant with stroke was evaluated with the Brief‐BESTest, Berg balance scale (BBS), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS), Fugl‐Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA), Chedoke‐McMaster Stroke Assessment (CMSA), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Two raters (rater 1 and 2) provided the Brief‐BESTest scores of the first 27 participants independently to establish inter‐rater reliability. After 15 min of rest, the same 27 participants were evaluated with the Brief‐BESTest again by rater 1 to establish intra‐rater reliability. The Brief‐BESTest scores of the stroke group were also compared with those of the control group [n = 27, mean (SD) age: 56.7 (7.7) years].ResultsThe Brief‐BESTest had no substantial floor and ceiling effects, good intra‐rater (ICC2,1 = 0.974) and inter‐rater (ICC2,1 = 0.980) reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.818). The minimal detectable change at 95% confidence level was 2 points. The Brief‐BESTest showed moderate to very strong correlations with other balance (BBS and PASS) and motor impairment (FMA, CMSA) measures (rs = .547–.911, p < .001), thus revealing good concurrent and convergent validity. Its correlation with measures that evaluated other constructs was weaker (MoCA: rs = .437, p = .002) or non‐significant (GDS: rs = −0.152, p = .292), thus showing good discriminant validity. Good known‐groups validity was established, as the Brief‐BESTest was effective in distinguishing participants with stroke from controls (cutoff score: <18, area under curve: 0.942), and individuals with stroke who required assistive device for their outdoor mobility from those who did not (cutoff score <14, area under curve: 0.810).ConclusionsThe Brief‐BESTest has good reliability and validity in assessing balance function in individuals with chronic stroke.
Helpful aspects of pluralistic therapy for depression
Authors: Antoniou Pavlina , Cooper Mick , Tempier Adrien , Holliday Courtenay 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to examine clients’ perspectives regarding the helpful aspects of pluralistic therapy for depression.MethodThirty‐nine clients received psychological treatment in a multi‐site study exploring alternative interventions to standardised ‘evidence‐based’ approaches. Eighteen of them consented to a face‐to‐face or telephone change interview at the end of their treatment. Change interviews aim to elicit clients’ perspective regarding changes that they noticed during, and after, therapy and also the possible causes of these changes. Their descriptions were transcribed and analysed thematically using explicit coding of themes which were audited by the research team.FindingsThe data were categorised in three a priori domains consisting of specific themes. The first domain constitutes of client‐originated helpful factors including clients’ positive perspectives of therapy, clients’ overall effort to change and clients’ contribution in the decision‐making process of therapy. Therapists were perceived as helpful when they were accepting and respectful, empathic, responding to clients’ needs, making clients feel comfortable, challenging, empowering, using techniques, flexible and reassuring. Treatment outcomes such as change in perspectives, behaviour and response to problems as well as increased insight were also considered helpful factors of therapy.ConclusionThese findings suggest that clients in pluralistic therapy are active agents of change and their willingness to engage with treatment is crucial. Helping clients feel comfortable by creating a safe therapeutic environment, challenging dysfunctional patterns associated with depression and empowering them to believe that change is possible through reassurance and non‐intrusive guidance were considered beneficial.
Highly Dispersed Nickel Particles Encapsulated in Multi‐hollow Silicalite‐1 Single Crystal Nanoboxes: Effects of Siliceous Deposits and Phosphorous Species on the Catalytic Performances
Authors: Laprune David , Tuel Alain , Farrusseng David , Meunier Frédéric C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMulti‐hollow silicalite‐1 single crystals (MH) were prepared for the first time by an original synthesis pathway by using tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPOH) as a mild desilicating agent. This new generation of hierarchical zeolite allowed the encapsulation of nanoparticles (NPs) featuring an enhanced confinement of the metallic guest and a thin wall thickness. The MH catalyst exhibited a better stability for methane steam reforming at 700 °C than a single‐hollow counterpart (SH). Ni average particle size could be kept lower than 4 nm after 20 h on stream for the MH sample. However, a detailed analysis of kinetic data of the structure‐insensitive CO methanation used as a model reaction revealed that the sample activity was adversely affected by two main factors deriving from the preparation steps. First, a siliceous over‐layer derived from the decomposition of intermediate Ni phyllosilicates, which partly covered the resulting Ni nanoparticles. Second, phosphorus from the templates remained in the samples, probably forming a Ni–P compound upon reduction. The overall catalytic activities observed here were therefore a complex interplay of improved dispersion and poisonous effects.