bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanins in different Citrus species: an UHPLC‐PDA‐ESI/MSn‐assisted qualitative and quantitative investigation
Authors: Fabroni Simona , Ballistreri Gabriele , Amenta Margherita , Rapisarda Paolo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthocyanins are water‐soluble pigments belonging to the flavonoid family. They are typically present in the flesh and peel in the blood orange cultivars. Although blood orange young shoots and flowers are not anthocyanin‐colored, lemon, citron, rangpur lime, and Meyer lemon young shoots and flowers exhibit marked pigmentation as a result of anthocyanins, demonstrating that anthocyanin biosynthesis in the Citrus genus is both tissue‐ and genotype‐dependent. The present study aimed to examine the qualitative and quantitative anthocyanin profile of fruit and other tissues from different Citrus species.RESULTSThe presence of anthocyanin‐pigmented stigmas in the young flowers of a blood orange tree (cv. ‘Moro’) was characterized and reported for the first time. The dominant pigments in blood orange fruits were cyanidin 3‐glucoside and cyanidin 3‐(6′′‐malonyl‐glucoside), whereas different patterns were observed in the young shoots, flowers and peel tissues of different Citrus species.CONCLUSIONThe present study is the first to report differentially expressed anthocyanin pigmentation patterns in different organs from several species of the genus Citrus. The results obtained could also represent a starting point for further investigations that aim to better understand which regulatory genes are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruits, shoots and floral tissues of different Citrus species. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A throughput method using the quick easy cheap effective rugged safe method for the quantification of ibuprofen and its main metabolites in soils
Authors: Paíga Paula , Delerue‐Matos Cristina 
Published: July 2016

Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction is a modern sample preparation method that involves a number of steps with a low susceptibility to error. The efficiency of a laboratory can be improved not only through labor reduction and consumable savings but also through the use of high‐throughput methods and the reduction of wastes. In commercially available kits, different salts and buffers are mixed in anhydrous packages. The composition of these kits are optimized and fixed for particular applications by the suppliers. In this work three model compounds (ibuprofen and two of its main metabolites: hydroxyibuprofen and carboxyibuprofen) were chosen and the amount of each salt (magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, and disodium citrate sesquihydrate) in the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe content was optimized for three different soil samples (soils A, B, and C) with different organic carbon contents, using a 24 factorial design. The optimized extraction procedure was applied to 12 soil samples; ranging from river sediments to agricultural soils.Based on the analysis 100 samples, a price reduction of 5.1‐ (soil B), 5.7‐ (Soil C), and 6.1‐fold (soil A) was achieved without compromising the performance of the method when compared to commercial kits.
Office‐based 532‐Nanometer pulsed potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate laser for marsupialization of laryngeal and vallecular mucoceles
Authors: Helman Samuel N. , Pitman Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisMany laryngopharyngeal disorders are effectively managed in the office. Herein, an in‐office method utilizing the 532‐nm potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser for the treatment of benign laryngeal and vallecular mucoceles is described.Study DesignRetrospective case review.MethodsA review was performed of patients who had their vallecular or laryngeal mucoceles marsupialized in the office using KTP laser.ResultsOutcomes included long‐term follow‐up laryngoscopy for evidence of recurrence, significant intraprocedural complications, tolerance of the procedure, final pathology of the specimen, and resolution of symptoms.ConclusionsIn‐office KTP marsupialization of laryngeal and vallecular mucoceles is effective and well tolerated, with no episodes of recurrence to date.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1116–1118, 2017
Effective network management via dynamic network anomaly visualization
Authors: Liao Qi , Li Ting 
Published: July 2016

SummaryManaged network has become increasingly large, complex, heterogeneous, and dynamic. With tremendous number of network components changing at any moment, deciding which events and changes are possibly abnormal and need further investigation is extremely challenging. While there has been widely adopted practice to log daily activities through standard file formats such as netflow, syslog, firewall, and IDS systems, it is vital for system administrators and network managers to be able to analyze the vast amount of log data in order to detect suspicious behaviors or patterns, possibly because of malicious users/applications or faulty devices. While there are automated systems that are available to generate warnings, whether such alarms are true or false, and more importantly, what are the underlying causes are still difficult to know. To bridge the gap between network logging and anomaly analysis, we design and implement a visualization tool that combines multiple useful visualizations together with algorithms such as graph link anomaly analysis. We study the effects of different visualization methods on detecting and analyzing network and system anomalous events and their causes and show that these views, when combined and linked together, may provide an effective alternative for network management and anomaly analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mean‐strain 10‐node tetrahedron with energy‐sampling stabilization
Authors: Pakravan Alireza , Krysl Petr 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn this study, a new mean‐strain 10‐node tetrahedral element is developed using energy‐sampling stabilization. The proposed 10‐node tetrahedron is composed of several four‐node linear tetrahedral elements, four tetrahedra in the corners and four tetrahedra that tile the central octahedron in three possible sets of four‐node linear tetrahedra, corresponding to three different choices for the internal diagonal. The assumed strains are calculated from mean ‘basis function gradients.’ The energy‐sampling technique introduced previously for removing zero‐energy modes in the mean‐strain hexahedron is adapted for the present element: the stabilization energy is evaluated on the four‐corner tetrahedra. The proposed element naturally leads to a lumped‐mass matrix and does not have unphysical low‐energy vibration modes. For simplicity, we limit our developments to linear elasticity with compressible and nearly incompressible material. The numerical tests demonstrate that the present element performs well compared with the classical 10‐node tetrahedral elements for shell and plate structures, and nearly incompressible materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relay selection for secrecy connectivity in random wireless networks
Authors: Juan Bai , Tao Xiaofeng , Xu Jin , Zhang Xuefei , Zhang Qin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the paper, we study the problem of secure connectivity for colluding eavesdroppers using relay selection in random wireless networks, where the relay nodes and eavesdroppers are all randomly distributed according to two independent Poisson point process. The decode‐and‐forward and randomize‐and‐forward two relay strategies are considered, and a new metric is defined for best relay selection and random relay selection. We derive closed‐form expressions for the secrecy outage probability for the two relay strategies. In particular, the effect of power allocation ratio and the maximum ratio combing at the destination node on the secrecy outage probability is demonstrated for the decode‐and‐forward relay strategy. Numerical results illustrate the secrecy performance gains with collaborative transmit diversity. © 2016 The Authors. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Seismic rotational displacement of retaining walls: a pseudo-dynamic approach
Authors: Pain Anindya , Choudhury Deepankar , Bhattacharyya S. K. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Design of earth retaining wall is an important problem in geotechnical engineering. A retaining wall may fail in sliding or rotation. In the present study, rotational mode of failure is considered. A new approach to compute the rotational displacement of gravity retaining wall under seismic condition is proposed. Seismic forces are computed using pseudo-dynamic method. Dry backfill soil is considered. The present solution is for horizontal ground surface. In the computation of rotational displacement, the location of rotating wall and shift in the point of application of all the associated forces after each time step is included which was ignored in earlier studies. From the present analysis, it is found that the rotational displacement depends on the characteristics of the input motion. A non-dimensional term is used to quantify the effect of input motion on the rotational displacement. Shear strength properties of the backfill soil and geometry of the wall plays very crucial role in computation of rotational displacement.
Using stable isotopes and continuous meltwater river monitoring to investigate the hydrology of a rapidly retreating Icelandic outlet glacier
Authors: MacDonald A. M. , Black A. R. , Ó Dochartaigh B. É. , Everest J. , Darling W. G. , Flett V. , Peach D. W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTVirkisjökull is a rapidly retreating outlet glacier draining the western flanks of Öræfajökull in SE Iceland. Since 2011 there have been continuous measurements of flow in the proglacial meltwater channel and regular campaigns to sample stable isotopes δ2H and δ18O from the river, ice, moraine springs and groundwater. The stable isotopes provide reliable end members for glacial ice and shallow groundwater. Analysis of data from 2011 to 2014 indicates that although ice and snowmelt dominate summer riverflow (mean 5.3–7.9 m3 s−1), significant flow is also observed in winter (mean 1.6–2.4 m3 s−1) due primarily to ongoing glacier icemelt. The stable isotope data demonstrate that the influence of groundwater discharge from moraines and the sandur aquifer increases during winter and forms a small (15–20%) consistent source of baseflow to the river. The similarity of hydrological response across seasons reflects a highly efficient glacial drainage system, which makes use of a series of permanent englacial channels within active and buried ice throughout the year. The study has shown that the development of an efficient year round drainage network within the lower part of the glacier has been coincident with the stagnation and subsequent rapid retreat of the glacier.
Real-World, Long-Term Quality of Life Following Therapeutic OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment
Authors: Jog Mandar , Wein Theodore , Bhogal Meetu , Dhani Sonja , Miller Robert , Ismail Farooq , Beauchamp Richard , Trentin Grace 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground:OnabotulinumtoxinA is an efficacious treatment option for patients with various conditions. Although studies have reported on the efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA, quality of life (QoL) data are limited. This study evaluated QoL in patients treated with onabotulinumtoxinA across various therapeutic indications.Methods:MDs on BOTOX Utility (MOBILITY) was a prospective, multicenter, observational Canadian study in patients initiating (naïve) or receiving ongoing (maintenance) onabotulinumtoxinA treatment. Health utility was the primary outcome measure and was obtained from the Short Form-12 Health Survey using the Short Form-6D at baseline, week 4 posttreatment, and up to five subsequent treatment visits. The safety cohort included patients who received ≥1 onabotulinumtoxinA treatment.Results:The efficacy cohort included 1062 patients; the majority were Caucasian, female, and on maintenance onabotulinumtoxinA treatment. Adult focal spasticity (n=398), blepharospasm (n=81), cerebral palsy (n=22), cervical dystonia (n=234), hemifacial spasm (n=116), and hyperhidrosis (n=211) patients were included. Baseline health utility was generally higher in maintenance versus naïve patients; however, naïve patients showed the greatest improvements over time. Health utility was generally maintained or trended toward improvement across all cohorts, including maintenance patients who had been treated for up to 22 years before study entry. Eighteen of 1222 patients (2%) in the safety cohort reported 28 treatment-related adverse events; eight were serious in four patients.Conclusion:MOBILITY is the largest prospective study to date to provide QoL data over a variety of therapeutic indications following treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA. Although the QoL burden varies by disease, data suggest that long-term treatment may help improve or maintain QoL over time.
A modified near wake dynamic model for rotor analysis
Authors: Wang T. , Coton F. N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Beddoes near wake model, developed for high resolution blade vortex interaction computations, enables efficient numerical evaluation of the downwash due to trailed vorticity in the near wake of a helicopter rotor. The model is, however, limited by the assumption that the near wake lies in the plane of the rotor and, in some cases, by its inability to accurately evaluate the induced velocity contribution from vorticity trailed from inboard blade sections. In this paper, modifications to the method are proposed which address these issues and allow it to be used with confidence over a wider range of rotor flows.
GHOSTWRITING ELEGY IN PROPERTIUS 4.7
Authors: Wallis Jonathan 
Published: July 2016

Propertian elegy is not an obstinately male genre. It is engendered as masculine in its discursive mastery over the female object of its erotics and poetics, but engenders itself as effeminate in its association with softness, submissiveness, and impotence, and as feminine especially in its self-critique and its interrogation of Roman gender and sexuality.M. Wyke,The Roman Mistress(Oxford, 2002), 189
RIKEN Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II
Authors: Yamasaki Fumio , Hamada Tatsuji , Fujiyama Chikako 
Published: July 2016

The C14 dates given below are a continuation of the work presented in our first list (RIKEN I), and have been obtained by counting CO2 at about 2 atm pressure in a 2.7-L stainless steel counter. In this article, results obtained during 1964-65 are described.Shell samples were treated with 1% HCl to remove the outer 10%. Calcareous deposits on the surface, when observed, were removed by mechanical means.
University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates II
Authors: Bender Margaret M. , Bryson Reid A. , Baerreis David A. 
Published: July 2016

This report summarizes the radiocarbon dates obtained at the University of Wisconsin since November 1964; the procedures followed have been described previously (Wisconsin I, 1965).The counting equipment has been supplemented with a second detector of 500 ml volume for which the nominal background at 1 std atm, 298.2° K, is 2.1 cpm as determined with petroleum methane (Phillips Petroleum Co.). The corresponding standard count for contemporary methane derived from NBS oxalic acid 95% Aox, is nominally 2.8 cpm at 1 std atm, 298.2° K. The additional counting equipment was also obtained from the Sharp Division of Beckman Instrument Co.
Geological Survey of Japan Radiocarbon Dates I
Authors: Togashi Shigeko , Matsumoto Eiji 
Published: July 2016

This radiocarbon laboratory began operation in 1980 using the benzene scintillation method. The benzene synthesizer is essentially identical with that of Ikeda (1976). A liquid scintillation counter is Aloca LSC-LB1. Samples dated are wood, charcoal, shell, and coral.Pretreatment of wood and charcoal is a standard acid-alkali procedure, using 2% HCl and 2% NaOH at elevated temperatures. Charcoal is further heated in concentrated HNO3 for one hour, diluted in water, stands one night, and is washed and dried. Pretreated wood and charcoal are carbonized before combustion. The combustion products are passed over CuO, and are collected in an ammonium hydroxide bubbler system, and precipitated with calcium chloride.
University of Saskatchewan Radiocarbon Dates X
Authors: Rutherford A A , Wittenberg Jurgen , Gordon B C 
Published: July 2016

This series reports some of the measurements made since publication of the last list (R, 1981, v 23, p 94–135). Also included are a number of earlier dates previously withheld pending submitter evaluation. For some the authors have been unable to obtain appropriate comment. References to other publication of these dates are given where known.Acetylene proportional gas counting methods essentially remain as described in Saskatchewan II (R, 1960, v 2, p 73). Bone dating is carried out on soluble collagen extract (Longin, 1971) since 1978.
14C Variations Caused by Changes in the Global Carbon Cycle
Authors: Siegenthaler Ulrich , Heimann Martin , Oeschger Hans 
Published: July 2016

A box-diffusion model for the carbon cycle is used to estimate the magnitude of 14C variations caused by changes of reservoir sizes and exchange fluxes in the global carbon system. The influence of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration, biomass, CO2 exchange rate between atmosphere and ocean, and ocean mixing is considered. Steady-state 14C concentrations as well as the transients are calculated. For changing biomass, atmospheric CO2 levels and 13C/12C ratios are also calculated.Carbon-cycle-induced 14C variations may have been significant in the transition period from Glacial to Postglacial when drastic changes in environmental conditions took place within short time periods, while they were probably less important during the climatically more stable Postglacial.Changes of the oceanic circulation, as supposedly occurred, are considered the most important factor, besides variations of the production rate, affecting the global distribution of 14C. 14C variations due to changes of the atmospheric CO2 level or the air-sea-exchange probably did not exceed one to a few percent. Fluctuations of the forest biomass, which may have occurred between Glacial and Postglacial, hardly affected the 14C concentration over a long term.Responses of the atmospheric 14C concentration are also calculated for variations of the 14C production rate by cosmic radiation. The following cases are considered: a step change, square-wave changes producing “wiggles”, and sinusoidal variations.
Medium-Term Atmospheric14C Variations
Authors: De Jong A F M , Mook W G 
Published: July 2016

High-precision14C measurements are presented, carried out on single tree rings from a section of the floating South German Neolithic tree-ring chronology. They confirm the existence of pronounced medium-term variations in the order of 2 percent during the 33rd to 38th centuries BC.These variations turn out to be very regular while the precision of 1.5‰ allows a comparison with a geochemical model calculation. Good agreement is acquired for an input function with a periodicity of about 150 years and an amplitude of approximately 30 percent in the14C production rate.
Further Developments in On-Line Computing and Radiocarbon Dating At the British Museum
Authors: Hewson A D , Hall J A 
Published: July 2016

In November 1973 the British Museum Research Laboratory acquired a Hewlett Packard 2100A mini-computer for the storage, calculation and retrieval of scientific measurements made on museum objects. A part of the computer's work is the calculation of radiocarbon dates based on the liquid scintillation counting of14C activities. A system of programs and files has been developed and has been in daily use since August 1974 (Hall and Hewson, 1977).This paper describes changes and improvements to the system to make it more flexible so that it now provides the full range of facilities required by an active14C laboratory. The reporting procedures in particular have been restructured in the light of experience. The paper will be of interest to all laboratories that have, or hope to have, access to similar mini- or micro-computers.
Unreliability of 14C Dates from Organic Matter of Soils
Authors: Gilet-Blein Nicole , Marien Gérard , Evin Jacques 
Published: July 2016

Contamination by recent carbon and the turnover of organic matter make dating of ancient soils difficult. In order to isolate the oldest organic fraction of sediments, two main extraction methods were previously proposed: 1) alkaline solubilization of humus that separates humins, humic acids, and fulvic acids, and 2) successive hydrolyses that solubilize increasingly resisting products. Both preparation methods were tested on the same actual or fossil soils of different pedologic types from five geologic profiles on which other chronologic data are available.Analytic results show that 14C ages obtained from alkaline extraction products differ according to the duration of treatments and characteristics of soils: while hydrolysis should yield more homogeneous results and isolate oldest fractions. It seems likely that true ages of geologic formations were never obtained from their organic matter and that the oldest organic fraction, contemporaneous with the sediment formation, completely disappears. Thus, most ages from 14C dating of organic matter of soils must be too recent.
Riken Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I
Authors: Yamasaki Fumio , Hamada Tatsuji , Fujiyama Chikako 
Published: July 2016

Natural C14 measurements at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) became routine in 1962. The counters presently used are made of stainless steel with a volume of about 2.7 L. They are surrounded by 2.5 cm of pure lead, a ring of 22 propane gas-flow anticoincidence counters, about 10 cm of boric acid and 20 cm of iron. When filled with dead CO2 up to 2 atm, they gave a background counting rate of about 9 cpm (Hamada, 1960).In this article, results obtained for geologic and archaeologic samples since 1962 are described. Dates have been calculated on the basis of the C14 half-life of 5568 yr, and 95% of NBS oxalic acid as modern standard. Correction for isotopic fractionation was not applied.
Texas A & M University Radiocarbon Dates I
Authors: Noakes John E. , Stipp J. J. , Hood Donald W. 
Published: July 2016

The Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory of Texas A & M University was initiated as a research facility in the Oceanography and Meteorology Department. The facilities are available to graduate study programs and to other research groups associated with the University.Research was begun in June 1960, towards development of a carbon dating method utilizing liquid scintillation counting. Benzene was chosen as the counting solvent because of its high energy transmitting properties and the high carbon content of benzene which could be totally derived from the sample to be dated. A catalytic method of synthesis of C6H6 at low temperature, as first reported by Shapiro and Weiss (1957), was further developed and modified by Noakes and others (1963) to a procedure suitable for carbon dating. A combined effort of this laboratory and the University of Texas Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory has resulted in a routine procedure for carbon dating, as reported earlier (Texas I).In the dates reported here the sample preparation and the method of conversion of carbon samples to the counting solvent, benzene, was the same as reported in the earlier papers cited. The problem, reported then, of variation in background count rate between counting vials was eliminated by prior determination of the background for each vial used. With the exception of samples TAM 1 and TAM 2, all dates reported here were calculated according to this procedure.