bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Internationalism's Shifting Alliances: African American Newspapers, the White Australia Policy, and Indigenous Australians, 1919–1948
Authors: Corbould Clare 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAfrican American newspapers frequently ran reports and stories about Indigenous Australians and Australia's racial governance between 1919 and 1948, except for the years during World War II when thousands of African American servicemen were stationed in Australia. The black American press was extremely critical of “White Australia.” African American newspaper writers used the phrase “White Australia” to refer both to the famed or notorious Australian immigration laws and to prevailing race relations in labor management. When they reported on Indigenous Australians, they took careful note of conditions that were akin to American slavery and its aftermath and remarked upon the similar regimes of racial governance. As far as the black American press was concerned, Indigenous Australians were one of the many nodes that comprised a worldwide alliance of colonized people; black internationalism included them, too. From 1942 to 1944, however, the press placed that alliance on hold. Newspapers instead focused on the surprisingly benign treatment they said black American troops received from white Australians. As it became clear that the Allies were likely to triumph, black American newspapers returned to criticism of “White Australia” and to an abstract bond with Aboriginal Australians, as they pressed forward with claims to universal human rights and with agitation to end all colonization as part of the worldwide return to peace.
Anti‐slavery, refugee relief, and the missionary origins of humanitarian photography ca. 1900–1960
Authors: Grant Kevin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis essay examines the era in which international humanitarianism shifted from the imperial principles of Christianity and commerce to the liberal internationalist principles of human rights and development. It argues that the privileged humanitarian subjects of the first era, slaves, were superseded in the second era by refugees due to a new conception of rights to culture and the threat of refugees to collective security. It examines this transitional era through humanitarian responses to crises involving peoples of the Congo Free State, Australia, Armenia, and Western Europe. It focuses particularly on humanitarian photography, demonstrating that the visual tropes that missionaries established in the first humanitarian era continued to structure the photographs of the so‐called new humanitarianism. The essay finally questions whether missionary tropes were effectively redefined in liberal internationalist terms by the mid‐twentieth century, and it invites scholars to revisit the role of religion in the new humanitarian era.
Bittersweet chocolates containing prebiotic and sweetened with stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) with different Rebaudioside A contents: multiple time–intensity analysis and physicochemical characteristics
Authors: Azevedo Bruna Marcacini , Morais‐Ferreira Janaína Madruga , Luccas Valdecir , Bolini Helena Maria André 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the time–intensity profile of the sensory attributes possibly affected in sugar‐free and low‐fat chocolates containing inulin and stevia with different rebaudioside A contents, such as sweetness, bitterness and melting rate. The bittersweet chocolates were analysed by the multiple time–intensity analysis. The time–intensity profile for the sweetness stimulus was similar for all chocolate samples. The differences between the contents of rebaudioside A were not perceived by the assessors. In relation to the bitterness stimulus, the low‐fat samples had a more accentuated perception of this attribute by the assessors, with significant differences for Imax and Area when compared to the sugar‐free samples. The stimulus melting in the mouth was more affected in the low‐fat samples. The sensory results obtained in this study are useful for food industry and researchers working with sweeteners and prebiotics in food, especially in chocolates.
In vitro DNA damage protection and anti‐inflammatory effects of Tartary buckwheats (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn) fermented by filamentous fungi
Authors: Huang Shiqi , Ma Yanli , Sun Dan , Fan Jian , Cai Shengbao 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe present work was designed to investigate the phenolic profiles, DNA damage protection and anti‐inflammatory effects of Tartary buckwheat fermented by Rhizopus oryzae 40469, Rhizopus oryzae 40503 and Rhizopus oligosporus 3152. Six phenolic compounds were characterised and quantified. Regardless of fermentation, rutin was the dominant phenolic substance in Tartary buckwheat. Fermentation significantly enhanced total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as DNA scission protection. Rhizopus oryzae 40469‐fermented sample had the highest content of phenolics, while R. oligosporus 3152‐fermented sample had the strongest inhibitory effect on DNA scission. Tartary buckwheat, regardless of fermentation, inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, the sample fermented with R. oryzae 40503 had the strongest inhibitory activity. Those results indicated that fermented Tartary buckwheat has potential applications as a novel nutraceutical or functional food for preventing DNA damage‐induced disease and inflammation.
Effects of the spray drying conditions of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) juice concentrate on the physicochemical properties of powders
Authors: Gawałek Jolanta , Domian Ewa , Ryniecki Antoni , Bakier Sławomir 
Published: May 2017

SummaryA semi‐industrial spray drying process of chokeberry juice concentrate using maltodextrin was analysed. The influence of the content and dextrose equivalent (DE) of maltodextrin, inlet air temperature and rotary disc atomiser speed was studied on the physicochemical properties of the obtained powders. The size and structure of the powder particles, bulk density, moisture content, flowability, yield and total polyphenol content were analysed. An increase in carrier content from 50% to 70% caused a 4.9% increase in total polyphenol retention, better flowability (Hausner ratio decrease of 0.17) and greater yield of the powder (60%). An increase in the drying temperature (150–170 °C) caused larger particle size and improved powder flowability but also resulted in greater loss of total polyphenols. A decrease in rotary atomiser speed (11 000–15 000 rpm) had a moderate influence on particle size and improvement in flowability but had no effect on polyphenol retention. Changes in the DE (8–22) of maltodextrin as a carrier indicated a moderate growing dependence on particle size and worse flowability.
Green tea polyphenols reduce obesity in high‐fat diet‐induced mice by modulating intestinal microbiota composition
Authors: Guo Xiaojing , Cheng Mei , Zhang Xin , Cao Jinxuan , Wu Zufang , Weng Peifang 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn this study, the modulatory effect of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on human intestinal microbiota was investigated. Firstly, germ‐free mice were inoculated with faecal suspension derived from healthy volunteers to obtain human flora‐associated (HFA) mice model. When the high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice model was successfully established, they were randomly divided into high‐fat diet group (HFD) and high‐fat diet group with GTP (HFD‐GTP), and the shifts in relative abundance of the dominant taxa at the phylum, family and genus levels were studied by high‐throughput sequencing. The diversity of the total bacterial community reached the maximum after GTP treatment for 3 weeks, and then decreased when the mice were fed without GTP. Despite interindividual variation, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased from 0.56 ± 0.06 (1st week) to 0.60 ± 0.05 (3th week), while Firmicutes decreased from 0.42 ± 0.06 to 0.37 ± 0.02. Interestingly, certain bacterial communities such as Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria still increased and Firmicutes showed a decreasing trend when the mice were fed without GTP (4th week). The results showed that GTP benefits the stability of certain gut microbiota, especially in an environment‐triggered microbial imbalance; therefore, it may have prebiotic‐like activity contributing to the prevention of obesity.
In vitro digestibility of phenolic compounds from edible fruits: could it be explained by chemometrics?
Authors: Olivas‐Aguirre Francisco J. , Gaytán‐Martínez Marcela , Mendoza‐Díaz Sandra O. , González‐Aguilar Gustavo A. , Rodrigo‐García Joaquín , Martínez‐Ruiz Nina del Rocío , Wall‐Medrano Abraham 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe health benefits of phenolic compounds depend on the ingested amount, molecular diversity and gastrointestinal digestibility. The phenolic profile of eight fruits (blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, mulberry, pomegranate, green and red globe grapes) was chemometrically associated with their in vitro digestibility (oral, gastric, intestinal). Extractable phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins strongly correlated with each other (r ≥ 0.84), proanthocyanidins with anthocyanins (r = 0.62) and hydrolysable phenols with both extractable phenols (r = 0.45) and proanthocyanidins (r = −0.54). Two principal components explained 93% of the variance [61% (free‐phenols), 32% (bounded‐phenols)], and four clusters were confirmed by hierarchical analysis, based in their phenolic richness (CLT 1‐4: low to high) and molecular diversity. In vitro digestibility of extractable phenols and flavonoids was blackberry (CLT‐4)> raspberry (CLT‐2)> red grape (CLT‐1) related to their phenolic richness (r ≥ 0.96; P < 0.001), but anthocyanins’ digestibility was pH‐dependent. Chemometrics is useful to predict the in vitro digestibility of phenolic compounds in the assayed fruits.
A route generation algorithm for an optimal fuel routing problem between two single ports
Authors: Tanaka Mirai , Kobayashi Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a problem to find the shipping route and speed that minimize the total fuel consumption between two ports is formulated as a mixed‐integer nonlinear optimization problem (MINLP). In special cases, the MINLP becomes a mixed‐integer second‐order cone optimization problem. To solve this problem, the authors propose a route generation algorithm that implicitly enumerates the feasible shipping routes. Enumerating all feasible shipping routes is avoided by computing lower bounds of the optimal value. The effectiveness of our algorithm is verified in numerical experiments.
Social networks of adults with an intellectual disability from South Asian and White communities in the United Kingdom: A comparison
Authors: Bhardwaj Anjali K. , Forrester‐Jones Rachel V. E. , Murphy Glynis H. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundLittle research exists comparing the social networks of people with intellectual disability (ID) from South Asian and White backgrounds. This UK study reports on the barriers that South Asian people with intellectual disability face in relation to social inclusion compared to their White counterparts.Materials and methodsA mixed‐methods research design was adopted to explore the social lives of 27 men (15 White; 12 South Asian) and 20 women (10 White; 10 South Asian with intellectual disability). Descriptive and parametric tests were used to analyse the quantitative data.ResultsThe average network size of the whole group was 32 members. South Asian participants had more family members whilst White participants had more service users and staff in their networks; 96% network members from White intellectual disability group were also of White background, whilst the South Asian group had mixed ethnic network members.ConclusionsSocial networks of individuals with intellectual disability in this study were found to be larger overall in comparison with previous studies, whilst network structure differed between the White and South Asian population. These differences have implications relating to future service planning and appropriateness of available facilities.
The effect of brief digital interventions on attitudes to intellectual disability: Results from a pilot study
Authors: Lindau Natalie , Amin Tara , Zambon Amy , Scior Katrina 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundEvidence on the effects of contact and education based interventions on attitudes is limited in the intellectual disability field. This study compared the effects of brief interventions with different education, indirect and imagined contact components on lay people's attitudes.Materials and Methods401 adult participants were randomised to six digital brief interventions consisting of different combinations of education, indirect and imagined contact. Their attitudes, intergroup anxiety and social distance were assessed post‐intervention and at four to six‐week follow‐up.ResultsAn intervention combining film‐based education about intellectual disability and indirect contact had small positive effects on all three outcomes. Social distance was further reduced with the addition of a positively toned imagined contact task. These effects were maintained at follow‐up.ConclusionsA brief film‐based digital intervention can have small positive effects on attitudes to people with intellectual disabilities. These may be enhanced by adding positive imagined contact.
An exploratory study of the relations between women miners' gender‐based workplace issues and their mental health and job satisfaction
Authors: Rubin Mark , Subasic Emina , Giacomini Anna , Paolini Stefania 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe current study investigated the extent to which gender‐based workplace issues were associated with women miners' mental health and job satisfaction. Participants were 263 women miners from Australian and other international mines sites owned by an Australian‐based mining company. They completed an online survey that contained measures of gender‐based workplace issues, mental health, and job satisfaction. An exploratory factor analysis identified three higher‐order factors: organizational sexism, interpersonal sexism, and sense of belonging. Both organizational and interpersonal sexism were positive independent predictors of mental health and job satisfaction. In addition, sense of belonging mediated the associations between organizational sexism and (a) mental health and (b) job satisfaction. Potential strategies for reducing organizational and interpersonal sexism and increasing women's sense of belonging are considered.
Positive range–abundance relationships in Indo‐Pacific bird communities
Authors: Theuerkauf Jörn , Chartendrault Vivien , Desmoulins Frédéric , Barré Nicolas , Gula Roman 
Published: May 2017

AbstractReeve et al. (2016, Ecography, 39, 990–997) recently reported negative range–abundance relationships in Indo‐Pacific bird communities and speculated that geographical isolation facilitates the evolution of broad‐niched, small‐ranged and abundant species. We tested this relationship using a large independent data set on range and abundance of birds across New Caledonia (over 4,000 bird census points for 17,300 km²). In contradiction to Reeve et al. (2016, Ecography, 39, 990–997), we found clear evidence that range–abundance relationships are positive and endemic species have narrower habitat niches than wide‐range species. Our findings are likely valid also for other islands in the Indo‐Pacific.
On the need to consider multiphasic sensitivity of marine organisms to climate change: a case study of the Antarctic acorn barnacle
Authors: Gallego Ramón , Dennis Todd E. , Basher Zeenatul , Lavery Shane , Sewell Mary A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are routinely employed to evaluate shifts in the geographic distributions of organisms in response to changing climatic conditions. Many marine invertebrates exhibit a biphasic life cycle: benthic adults and planktonic larvae, which inhabit different environments and may react dissimilarly to anticipated changes in climatological patterns. To date, SDMs applied to benthic species have only considered adult life‐history stages. Here, we present the first study in which SDMs have been simultaneously developed for both the larval and adult stages of the same organism.LocationThe Southern Ocean.MethodsOccurrence data for the study species, the Antarctic barnacle Bathylasma corolliforme, were sourced from: (1) benthic geo‐referenced records from museum collections and online databases; and (2) observations of planktonic larvae identified with genetic and morphological methods. These records were used to construct two independent SDMs (adult‐larvae) with Maxent 3.3.3k; their outputs were then projected to environmental conditions forecast for the year 2050 (IPCC scenario A1B).ResultsThe two different SDMs had high predictive capability and identified preferred environmental conditions of each life‐history stage. For the projected 2050 climate change scenario, SDMs predicted that the extent of environmentally suitable areas of both life‐history stages was reduced, with planktonic larvae experiencing greater reductions and latitudinal displacement of their suitable areas.Main conclusionsFor multiphasic species, considering only a single life‐history stage while studying distribution shifts may lead to erroneous conclusions for the species as a whole, regardless of the predictive capability of models employed. Ignoring the changes in suitable areas for larval stages can lead to underestimation of habitat reduction, distribution shifts, effects on population connectivity and potential for colonization of newly available habitats.
Cost‐effectiveness of non‐surgical periodontal therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK
Authors: Solowiej‐Wedderburn Josephine , Ide Mark , Pennington Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimPeriodontal therapy has been shown to reduce glycated haemoglobin in patients with diabetes, although considerable uncertainty remains regarding the sustainability of such changes. We evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of non‐surgical periodontal therapy and rigorous maintenance treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis from a provider perspective in the UK.MethodLifetime costs relating to periodontal treatment were modelled for a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. The projected lifetime impact of changes in glycated haemoglobin on diabetes treatment costs and quality adjusted life expectancy were estimated from a published simulation model. Costs and outcomes were combined to estimate the Incremental Cost‐Effectiveness Ratio for periodontal therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.ResultsThe Incremental Cost‐Effectiveness Ratio was £28,000 per Quality Adjusted Life‐Year for a man aged 58 with glycated haemoglobin of 7%–7.9%. The results were particularly sensitive to assumptions on the impact of periodontal therapy on glycated haemoglobin, the proportion of patients who comply with maintenance therapy and the proportion of compliant patients who respond to treatment.ConclusionAssuming improvements in glycated haemoglobin can be maintained, periodontal therapy may be cost‐effective for patients with type 2 diabetes at acceptable cost‐per‐Quality Adjusted Life‐Year thresholds in the UK.
Family‐based promotion of mental health in children affected byHIV: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Betancourt Theresa S. , Ng Lauren C. , Kirk Catherine M. , Brennan Robert T. , Beardslee William R. , Stulac Sara , Mushashi Christine , Nduwimana Estella , Mukunzi Sylvere , Nyirandagijimana Beatha , Kalisa Godfrey , Rwabukwisi Cyamatare F. , Sezibera Vincent 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundChildren affected byHIVare at risk for poor mental health. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Family Strengthening Intervention (FSI‐HIV), a family home‐visiting intervention to promote mental health and improve parent–child relationships in families with caregivers living withHIV, hypothesizing that child and family outcomes would be superior to usual care social work services.MethodsEighty two families (N = 170 children, 48.24% female;N = 123 caregivers, 68.29% female) with at least oneHIV‐positive caregiver (n = 103, 83.74%) and school‐aged child (ages 7–17) (HIV+n = 21, 12.35%) were randomized to receiveFSI‐HIVor treatment‐as‐usual (TAU). Local research assistants blind to treatment conducted assessments of child mental health, parenting practices, and family functioning at baseline, post‐intervention, and 3‐month follow‐up. Multilevel modeling assessed effects ofFSI‐HIVon outcomes across three time points. Trial Registration:NCT01509573, ‘Pilot Feasibility Trial of the Family Strengthening Intervention in Rwanda (FSI‐HIV‐R).'https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/;NCT01509573?term=Pilot+Feasibility+Trial+of+the+Family+Strengthening+Intervention+in+Rwanda+%28FSI‐HIV‐R%29&rank=1.ResultsAt 3‐month follow‐up, children inFSI‐HIVshowed fewer symptoms of depression compared toTAUby both self‐report (β = −.246;p = .009) and parent report (β = −.174;p = .035) but there were no significant differences by group on conduct problems, functional impairment, family connectedness, or parenting.ConclusionsFamily‐based prevention has promise for reducing depression symptoms in children affected byHIV. Future trials should examine the effects ofFSI‐HIVover time in trials powered to examine treatment mediators.
Brainstem as a developmental gateway to social attention
Authors: Geva Ronny , Dital Ayelet , Ramon Dan , Yarmolovsky Jessica , Gidron Maor , Kuint Jacob 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundEvolution preserves social attention due to its key role in supporting survival. Humans are attracted to social cues from infancy, but the neurobiological mechanisms for the development of social attention are unknown. An evolutionary‐based, vertical‐hierarchical theoretical model of self‐regulation suggests that neonatal brainstem inputs are key for the development of well‐regulated social attention.MethodsNeonates born preterm (N = 44, GA 34 w.) were recruited and diagnosed at birth as a function of their auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABR). Participants enrolled in a prospective 8‐year‐long, double‐blind, follow‐up study comparing participants with brainstem dysfunctions and well‐matched controls. Groups had comparable fetal, neonatal, and familial characteristics. Methods incorporated EEG power analysis and gaze tracking during the Attention Network Test (ANT, four cue types, and two targets) and a Triadic Gaze Engagement task (TGE, three social cue levels).ResultsResults showed that neonatal brainstem compromise is related to long‐term changes in Alpha‐ and Theta‐band power asymmetries (p < .034, p < .016, respectively), suggesting suppressed bottom‐up input needed to alert social attention. Gaze tracking indicated dysregulated arousal‐modulated attention (p < .004) and difficulty in gaze engagement to socially neutral compared to nonsocial cues (p < .012).ConclusionsIntegrating models of Autism and cross‐species data with current long‐term follow‐up of infants with discrete neonatal brainstem dysfunction suggests neonatal brainstem input as a gateway for bottom‐up regulation of social attention.