bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Usefulness of Patch Repair Using the Repermeabilized Umbilical Vein of the Round Ligament for Hepatobiliary Malignancies
Authors: Takahashi Michiro , Saiura Akio , Takahashi Yu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients with tumors invading major veins may require combined resection and reconstruction. However, venous reconstruction often demands complex hepatobiliary and vascular surgical procedures. In this study, we report a simple patch repair technique for venous reconstruction using the repermeabilized umbilical vein of the round ligament.MethodsWe reviewed the outcomes of eleven patients who underwent venous wedge resection and patch repair using the repermeabilized umbilical vein of the round ligament at our institution.ResultsProcurement of the round ligament and method of making a patch is simple. The duration of anastomosis was approximately 15 min. Eight patients (73%) underwent hepatic resection followed by hepatic vein reconstruction; two (18%) pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by inferior vena cava (IVC) reconstruction; one (9%) hepatic resection followed by IVC reconstruction. Although one reconstructed vein became narrowed, the other ten veins were patent after surgery.ConclusionsPatch repair using the repermeabilized umbilical vein of the round ligament is a simple and useful technique.
Younger Age is an Independent Factor for Graft Weight Overestimation: Analysis of the Clinical Impact on Recipient Outcomes in 340 Japanese Living Liver Donors
Authors: Kitajima Toshihiro , Kaido Toshimi , Tajima Tetsuya , Uemura Tadahiro , Fujimoto Yasuhiro , Schenk Andrea , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundAccurate preoperative estimation of graft weight is essential for improving outcomes in living donor liver transplantation.MethodsThis retrospective study sought to identify factors associated with graft weight overestimation. From April 2006 to August 2015, 340 living donors were assigned to no‐overestimate (n = 284) or overestimate (n = 56) groups. We defined graft weight overestimation as a discrepancy ≥15% between estimated graft volume and actual graft weight. Donor data were compared, and associated factors for graft weight overestimation were analyzed. Recipient outcomes were compared between the groups according to identified factors.ResultsDonors were significantly younger in the overestimate group than in the no‐overestimate group (35.0 vs. 46.0 years; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified donor age <45 years as an independent risk factor for graft weight overestimation (odds ratio 2.068; 95% confidence interval 1.114–3.839; p = 0.021). Among recipients with donors <45 years (n = 168), incidence of small‐for‐size dysfunction (SFSD) was significantly higher in the overestimate group than in the no‐overestimate group (7/37 patients vs. 7/131 patients; p = 0.016); no significant difference was observed among recipients with donors ≥45 years (n = 172). First‐year mortality was lower in SFSD recipients with donors <45 years (14.3 vs. 60.9%, p = 0.007). Among recipients with younger donors, graft survival was not significantly different between overestimate and no‐overestimate groups.ConclusionsYounger donor age was an independent risk factor for graft weight overestimation leading to SFSD in recipients, but did not impair graft survival.
Aggregate Formation of Glycyrrhetic Acid 3‐O‐Glucuronide
Authors: Matsuoka Keisuke , Miyajima Ryusuke , Karasawa Seigo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe molecular structure of glycyrrhetic acid 3‐O‐glucuronide consists of an aglycone and glucuronic acid as hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, respectively. In general, this amphiphile is obtained from glycyrrhizic acid (a major component of licorice root) by hydrolysis of the terminal glucuronic acid. Glycyrrhetic acid 3‐O‐glucuronide is used as a substitute for glycyrrhizic acids, which are potent sweeteners. In this work, the surface and aggregation properties of glycyrrhetic acid 3‐O‐glucuronide were studied using general surface chemistry techniques. The surface tension of a glycyrrhetic acid 3‐O‐glucuronide solution (pH 7) gradually decreased with increasing concentration and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined to be 1.6 mmol L−1 (γCMC = 54 mN m−1). Similar values of CMC were further confirmed by the pyrene fluorescent probe method and light scattering measurements. According to the dynamic light scattering method, the average radius of aggregate was 200 nm over a concentration of 3 mmol L−1. Transmission electron microscopy showed that glycyrrhetic acid 3‐O‐glucuronide forms large spherical aggregates. These results suggested that its potential for surface activity is almost equivalent to that of glycyrrhizic acid, even though the two amphiphiles have a different number of hydrophilic groups in them. The removal of one glucuronic acid group significantly influenced the shape of the aggregate formed by glycyrrhetic acid 3‐O‐glucuronide. Furthermore, it was confirmed that glycyrrhetic acid 3‐O‐glucuronide can also be used as a plant‐derived surfactant, similar to glycyrrhetic acid.
Petrochemical and Petrotectonic Characterisation of Ophiolitic Volcanics from Great Nicobar Island Andaman-Sumatra Belt
Authors: Sachin R. , Verma Subodh , Pal Tapan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
In Great Nicobar island ophiolite is restricted to the eastern coast of the island and occur as small isolated out crops in the terrain of Oligocene sediments. The ophiolitic rocks are represented by pillowed basalt, massive andesite and pyroclastic andesite. These volcanics represent dismembered members of the upper part of the ophiolite. Basalt is porphyritic in nature where phenocrysts of augite and plagioclase laths are set in a fine grained glassy to chloritic matrix. Andesites consists of phenocrysts of augite, altered feldspar and minor quartz which are set in ground mass of epidote-chlorite glass. Trace element and REE pattern suggests more fertile mantle source for andesite than that of basalt. Trace element characteristics indicate that the andesites and basalts were possibly derived from the same melt where andesite represents the more fractionated product.
In Andaman Islands dismembered ophiolite with complete ophiolite stratigraphy are found only within the Eocene sediments. But the field disposition suggests that in Great Nicobar emplacement of the ophiolite continued even after the Oligocene sedimentation. The characters of the ophiolitic rocks in Great Nicobar island are similar to that of the Sunda outer arc ridge.
The Effect of the Textural Characteristics on the Engineering Properties of the Basalts from Yozgat Region, Turkey
Authors: Kolay Ersin , Baser Tugce 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Engineering properties of rocks vary as they are heterogeneous materials by nature because of mineralogical composition, texture, porosity, and alteration, etc. This study focuses on the investigation of the relationship between internal structure and engineering parameters of basalt samples by digitizing the textural properties. Thin sections studies of basalts were made into three groups: aphanitic, amygdaloidal, and vesicular on the basis of texture. Further, the textural properties were digitized in thin sections and the texture coefficient (TC) of each group was calculated. Uniaxial compressive strength, dry unit weight, point load strength index, Schmidt hammer rebound, and P-wave velocity of the samples were determined in the laboratory. Simple regression analyses were performed using the laboratory results incorporating first TC and engineering parameters and the second phase of the analysis focused on the relationship between uniaxial compressive strength and the rest of the parameters of samples with different texture coefficients. The highest texture coefficient was found to be 0.50 in aphanitic basalts while vesicular basalts have the lowest TC of 0.37. As the TC increases, rock strength increases. Strong-very strong correlations between uniaxial compressive strength and the rest of the engineering parameters of aphanitic and amygdaloidal-basalts with a TC of 0.50 and 0.45 are in agreement with the findings in the literature while there are no meaningful correlations between uniaxial strength and the aforementioned parameters except dry unit weight in vesicular basalts. These results indicate that the presence of empty pores in vesicular basalts reduced the uniaxial compressive strength and TC by increasing the heterogeneity.
Comparison of serum acetyl hydrolase (PAF‐AH) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) values between prostate cancer patients and a control group
Authors: Benli Erdal , Bayrak Ahmet , Cirakoglu Abdullah , Bayrak Tulin , Noyan Tevfik 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was to measure platelet‐activating factor acetyl hydrolase (PAF‐AH) and paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme activity levels in patients with high Psa values to compare with healthy peers and also to determine the efficacy of these parameters in predicting pathologic results of patients with high Psa values. This study included 66 patients with Psa value > 4 ng/dl (Group 1) and 44 patients with Psa <4 ng/dl (Group 2) for a total of 110 patients. Parameters measured in serum of PON1, PAF‐AH, and MDA were compared between the groups. Additionally the same parameters were compared between patients with prostate biopsy performed due to high Psa and diagnosed with cancer and the control group with normal Psa values. The PAF‐AH activity in Group 1 was 125.17 ± 8.64 and in Group 2 was 120.08 ± 9.23 U/ml (p = 0.003). The PON1 activity was 63.12 ± 6.74 and 65.91 ± 7.77 U/ml in the groups, respectively (p = 0.04). Additionally, there were significant differences identified between the control group and PCa diagnosis group in terms of PAF‐AH and PON1 activities (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively). The enzyme activity of PAF‐AH and PON1 measured in serum of patients with high Psa value and patients with diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) were identified to have changed by a significant amount compared to healthy peers with normal Psa value. It was concluded that these parameters may be beneficial markers for use in assessment of patients with high Psa value.
Traumatic Neuropathy of the Trigeminal Nerve in a College Trumpet Player: A Case Report
Authors: Stanek Jeremy Lee , Komes Kevin Donserm 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA 20‐year‐old college trumpet player presented with a 3‐month history of upper lip numbness and worsening playing ability after a marching band performance. Examination demonstrated anesthesia of the upper lip that followed the borders of the trumpet mouthpiece. While playing, the patient had poor range and an airy tone quality. A prescription of complete embouchure rest for 6 weeks and a tailored return to play regimen resulted in resolution of upper lip numbness and improved trumpet playing. Neuropathy of the lip in a brass player is uncommon but highlights the uniqueness of injuries that may be sustained by performing artists.Level of EvidenceV
A systematic review of protocol studies on conceptual design cognition: Design as search and exploration
Authors: Hay Laura , Duffy Alex H. B. , McTeague Chris , Pidgeon Laura M. , Vuletic Tijana , Grealy Madeleine 
Published: July 2017

This paper reports findings from the first systematic review of protocol studies focusing specifically on conceptual design cognition, aiming to answer the following research question: What is our current understanding of the cognitive processes involved in conceptual design tasks carried out by individual designers? We reviewed 47 studies on architectural design, engineering design and product design engineering. This paper reports 24 cognitive processes investigated in a subset of 33 studies aligning with two viewpoints on the nature of designing: (V1) design as search (10 processes, 41.7%); and (V2) design as exploration (14 processes, 58.3%). Studies on search focused on solution search and problem structuring, involving: long-term memory retrieval; working memory; operators and reasoning processes. Studies on exploration investigated: co-evolutionary design; visual reasoning; cognitive actions; and unexpected discovery and situated requirements invention. Overall, considerable conceptual and terminological differences were observed among the studies. Nonetheless, a common focus on memory, semantic, associative, visual perceptual and mental imagery processes was observed to an extent. We suggest three challenges for future research to advance the field: (i) developing general models/theories; (ii) testing protocol study findings using objective methods conducive to larger samples and (iii) developing a shared ontology of cognitive processes in design.
Vortical structures in the near wake of tabs with various geometries
Authors: Hamed A. M. , Pagan-Vazquez A. , Khovalyg D. , Zhang Z. , Chamorro L. P. 
Published: July 2017

The vortical structures and turbulence statistics in the near wake of rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular and ellipsoidal tabs were experimentally studied in a refractive-index-matching channel. The tabs share the same bulk dimensions, including a 17 mm height, a 28 mm base width and a $24.5^{\circ }$ inclination angle. Measurements were performed at two Reynolds numbers based on the tab height, $Re_{h}\simeq 2000$ (laminar incoming flow) and 13 000 (turbulent incoming flow). Three-dimensional, three-component particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to study the mean flow distribution and dominant large-scale vortices, while complementary high-spatial-resolution planar PIV measurements were used to quantify high-order statistics. Instantaneous three-dimensional fields revealed the coexistence of a coherent counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) and hairpin structures. The CVP and hairpin vortices (the primary structures) exhibit distinctive characteristics and strength across $Re_{h}$ and tab geometries. The CVP is coherently present in the mean flow field and grows in strength over a significantly longer distance at the low $Re_{h}$ due to the lower turbulence levels and the delayed shedding of the hairpin vortices. These features at the low $Re_{h}$ are associated with the presence of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability that develops over three tab heights downstream of the trailing edge. Moreover, a secondary CVP with an opposite sense of rotation resides below the primary one for the four tabs at the low $Re_{h}$. The interaction between the hairpin structures and the primary CVP is experimentally measured in three dimensions and shows complex coexistence. Although the CVP undergoes deformation and splitting at times, it maintains its presence and leads to significant mean spanwise and wall-normal flows.
War and moral stupidity
Authors: Hutchings Kimberly 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article uses the example of Wittgenstein’s decision to go to war in 1914 to frame a contrast between two different ways of thinking about moral stupidity and moral intelligence in relation to war, those of Jeff McMahan and Jane Addams. The article clarifies how pathways for thinking about the morality of war are blocked and enabled not only by different accounts of justice but also by different understandings of war. It is argued that if we want to be morally intelligent in our judgments about the ethics of war we should follow the pathway marked out by Addams and think less about justice and more about war.
The intertidal wetlands of southern Jiangsu Province, China – globally important for Spoon-billed Sandpipers and other threatened waterbirds, but facing multiple serious threats
Authors: PENG HE-BO , ANDERSON GUY Q. A. , CHANG QING , CHOI CHI-YEUNG , CHOWDHURY SAYAM U. , CLARK NIGEL A. , GAN XIAOJING , HEARN RICHARD D. , LI JING , LAPPO ELENA G. , LIU WENLIANG , MA ZHIJUN , MELVILLE DAVID S. , PHILLIPS JAMES F. , SYROECHKOVSKIY EVGENY E. , TONG MENXIU , WANG SONGLING , ZHANG LIN , ZÖCKLER CHRISTOPH 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe Yellow Sea region is of high global importance for waterbird populations, but recent systematic bird count data enabling identification of the most important sites are relatively sparse for some areas. Surveys of waterbirds at three sites on the coast of southern Jiangsu Province, China, in 2014 and 2015 produced peak counts of international importance for 24 species, including seven globally threatened and six Near Threatened species. The area is of particular global importance for the ‘Critically Endangered’ Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea (peak count across all three study sites: 62 in spring [2015] and 225 in autumn [2014] and ‘Endangered’ Spotted Greenshank Tringa guttifer (peak count across all three study sites: 210 in spring [2014] and 1,110 in autumn [2015]). The southern Jiangsu coast is therefore currently the most important migratory stopover area in the world, in both spring and autumn, for both species. Several serious and acute threats to waterbirds were recorded at these study sites. Paramount is the threat of large-scale land claim which would completely destroy intertidal mudflats of critical importance to waterbirds. Degradation of intertidal mudflat habitats through the spread of invasive Spartina, and mortality of waterbirds by entrapment in nets or deliberate poisoning are also real and present serious threats here. Collisions with, and displacement by, wind turbines and other structures, and industrial chemical pollution may represent additional potential threats. We recommend the rapid establishment of effective protected areas for waterbirds in the study area, maintaining large areas of open intertidal mudflat, and the urgent removal of all serious threats currently faced by waterbirds here.
Home Environment as a Predictor of Long-Term Executive Functioning following Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Durish Christianne Laliberté , Yeates Keith Owen , Stancin Terry , Taylor H. Gerry , Walz Nicolay C. , Wade Shari L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectives:This study examined the relationship of the home environment to long-term executive functioning (EF) following early childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:Participants (N=134) were drawn from a larger parent study of 3- to 6-year-old children hospitalized for severe TBI (n=16), complicated mild/moderate TBI (n=44), or orthopedic injury (OI;n=74), recruited prospectively at four tertiary care hospitals in the United States and followed for an average of 6.8 years post-injury. Quality of the home environment, caregiver psychological distress, and general family functioning were assessed shortly after injury (i.e., early home) and again at follow-up (i.e., late home). Participants completed several performance-based measures of EF at follow-up. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the early and late home environment measures as predictors of EF, both as main effects and as moderators of group differences.Results:The early and late home environment were inconsistent predictors of long-term EF across groups. Group differences in EF were significant for only the TEA-Ch Walk/Don’t Walk subtest, with poorer performance in the severe TBI group. However, several significant interactions suggested that the home environment moderated group differences in EF, particularly after complicated mild/moderate TBI.Conclusions:The home environment is not a consistent predictor of long-term EF in children with early TBI and OI, but may moderate the effects of TBI on EF. The findings suggest that interventions designed to improve the quality of stimulation in children’s home environments might reduce the long-term effects of early childhood TBI on EF. (JINS, 2018,24, 11–21)
What influences diet quality in older people? A qualitative study among community-dwelling older adults from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, UK
Authors: Bloom Ilse , Lawrence Wendy , Barker Mary , Baird Janis , Dennison Elaine , Sayer Avan Aihie , Cooper Cyrus , Robinson Sian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore influences on diet in a group of community-dwelling older adults in the UK.DesignData were collected through focus group discussions with older people; discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and transcripts analysed thematically.SettingHertfordshire, UK.SubjectsParticipants were sampled purposively from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, focusing on those whose diets had been assessed at two time points: 1998–2001 and 2011.ResultsNinety-two adults participated (47 % women; 74–83 years) and eleven focus groups were held. A number of age-related factors were identified that were linked to food choices, including lifelong food experiences, retirement, bereavement and medical conditions, as well as environmental factors (such as transport). There appeared to be variability in how individuals responded to these influences, indicating that other underlying factors may mediate the effects of age-related factors on diet. Discussions about ‘keeping going’, being motivated to ‘not give up’, not wanting to be perceived as ‘old’, as well as examples of resilience and coping strategies, suggest the importance of mediating psychological factors. In addition, discussion about social activities and isolation, community spirit and loneliness, indicated the importance of social engagement as an influence on diet.ConclusionsInterventions to promote healthier diets in older age should take account of underlying psychological and social factors that influence diet, which may mediate the effects of age-related factors.
Why Fighting Structural Inequalities Requires Institutionalizing Difference: A Response to Nienke Grossman
Authors: Torbisco-Casals Neus 
Published: July 2017

People ask me sometimes, when—when do you think it will be enough? When will there be enough women on the court? And my answer is when there are nine.Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, U.S. Supreme CourtNienke Grossman offers a much needed overview of the statistical patterns behind the substantial underrepresentation of women in international courts benches. As her inquiry reveals, despite the growing proportion of female qualified lawyers, sex representativeness has hardly improved in recent years. On the contrary, in the absence of special requirements in courts’ statutes or judicial selection procedures, the percentage of women judges has actually stagnated or even declined in some cases. Such acute sex imbalance cannot be attributed to the (contingent) fact that not enough qualified women are available for such highly prestigious positions. Grossman persuasively contests the plausibility of this widespread assumption. Not only is the limited-pool argument fallacious, but, as her analysis suggests, part of the problem might actually be that judicial selection procedures lack transparency and arenotdriven by merit. Instead, nominations of international judges are often used “to reward political loyalty or to advance political agendas”; this practice seriously impinges on the chances of women to be appointed as international judges, as politics (both domestic and international) remains very much a male-dominated sphere.