bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning with Decoupled State Representation for Robot Manipulations
Authors: Dong Kun , Zeng Yu , Wang Kun , Luo Yongle , Wang Yuxin , Cheng Erkang , Sun Zhiyong , Zhang Qiang , Song Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeep reinforcement learning has significantly advanced robot manipulations by providing an alternative solution for designing control strategies using raw images as direct inputs. While images offer additional environmental information, the end-to-end policy training manner (from image to action) requires simultaneous representation and task learning by the agent. This often necessitates a substantial number of interaction samples to achieve satisfactory policy performance. Previous works has attempted to address this challenge by learning a visual representation model that encodes the entire image into a low-dimensional vector before the policy training. However, since this vector contains both robot and object information, it inevitably introduces coupling within the state, which can mislead the policy training process. In this study, a novel method called Reinforcement Learning with Decoupled State Representation is proposed to effectively decouple robot and object information within the state representation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits faster learning speed and achieves superior performance compared to previous methods across various robot manipulation tasks. Moreover, with only 3096 offline images, the proposed method successfully applies to real-world robot pushing tasks, which demonstrates its high practicability.
Forecasting strong subsequent events in the Italian territory: a national and regional application for NESTOREv1.0
Authors: Brondi P. , Gentili S. , Di Giovambattista R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Italian territory is one of the most seismically active areas in Europe, where Strong Subsequent Events (SSEs), in combination with the strong mainshock effects, can lead to the collapse of already weakened buildings and to further loss of lives. In the last few years, the machine learning-based algorithm NESTORE (Next STrOng Related Earthquake) was proposed and used to forecast clusters in which the mainshock is followed by a SSE of similar magnitude. Recently, a first new version of a MATLAB package based on this algorithm (NESTOREv1.0) has been developed and the code has been further improved. In our analysis, we considered a nationwide and a regional catalogue for Italy to study the seismicity recorded over the last 40 years in two areas covering most of the Italian territory and northeastern Italy, respectively. For both applications, we obtained statistical information about the clusters in terms of duration, productivity and release of seismic moment. We trained NESTOREv1.0 on the clusters occurring approximately in the first 30 years of catalogues and we evaluated its performance on the last 10 years. The results showed that 1 day after the mainshock occurrence the rate of correct SSE forecasting is larger than 85% in both areas, supporting the application of NESTOREv1.0 in the Italian territory. Furthermore, by training the software on the entire period available for the two catalogues, we obtained good results in terms of near-real-time class forecasting for clusters recorded from 2021 onward.
Pricing and hedging autocallable products by Markov chain approximation
Authors: Cui Yeda , Li Lingfei , Zhang Gongqiu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe propose a unified pricing framework based on continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) approximation for autocallable structured products. Our method is applicable to a variety of asset price models, including one-dimensional Markov jump-diffusions (the coefficients can be time dependent), regime-switching models, and stochastic local volatility (SLV) models. For SLV models, we develop a hybrid Markov chain approximation scheme that significantly improves the existing CTMC approximation method. We test our pricing method under various popular models and show that it is computationally efficient. To hedge autocallable products, we consider a dynamic hedging approach in the presence of transaction costs. To address the problem that the product’s delta can become too large near the barriers, we apply payoff modification and barrier shifting techniques. We determine the optimal size of adjustments that minimize conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) of the hedging loss using stochastic gradient descent. Empirical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in reducing CVaR of the hedging loss.
Die Entlassung in die Obdachlosigkeit
Authors: Zenczak Konrad , Pferzinger Manfred , Bachner Christine 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit dem vergangenen Jahrzehnt wurde eine eindeutige Zunahme der Obdach- und Wohnungslosigkeit in Österreich und der Europäischen Union verzeichnet – uneinheitliche Messsysteme und inkonsistente Daten festigen die Problematik. Die obdach- und wohnungslose Personengruppe ist zudem mit einer hohen Hospitalisierungs- und Wiederaufnahmerate konfrontiert. Ziel ist es, Einflussfaktoren auf die Wiederaufnahmerate obdachloser Patientinnen und Patienten in österreichischen Gesundheitseinrichtungen zu identifizieren und Empfehlungen zur Optimierung des Entlassungsmanagements abzuleiten.

Methode
Die Entlassungsbedingungen aus Gesundheitseinrichtungen stellen dahingehend eine Forschungslücke dar, welche im Zuge der vorliegenden Studie untersucht wurden. Um das Forschungsvorhaben umfangreich abbilden zu können, wurden mithilfe leitfadengestützter, semistrukturierter Interviews und unter Anwendung der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie, Daten der obdachlosen Personengruppe und von Expertinnen und Experten der sozialen Arbeit erhoben und in einem theoretischen Modell in Anlehnung an das Kodierparadigma nach Strauss und Corbin dargestellt. Dabei wurde eine Gruppe von fünf obdachlosen Personen und fünf Angehörigen der Fachkreise der sozialen Arbeit unter Berücksichtigung des theoretischen Samplings in die Erhebung miteinbezogen.

Ergebnisse
Die Untersuchung konnte eine Wechselwirkung aus unzureichenden Entlassungsbedingungen und erhöhten Wiederaufnahmeraten von obdachlosen Personen aufzeigen, welche sich in einer Beziehung aus Ursachen, Kontext, intervenierenden Bedingungen, Handlungsstrategien und Konsequenzen ausgestalten. Das Kernproblem beinhaltet dabei Sucht- und psychiatrische Erkrankungen, gefestigt durch die Problematik der Versorgungslücke nichtversicherter und immobiler Personen und unzureichender Versorgungsangebote. Von großer Bedeutung sind dahingehend die präventive Adressierung dieser Krankheitsbilder und der Ausbau der Versorgungslandschaft.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse bekräftigen die Notwendigkeit struktureller Veränderungen der österreichischen Versorgungslandschaft für obdachlose Personen. Um eine nachhaltige Reduktion der Wiederaufnahmerate zu sichern und betroffenen Personen eine gesellschaftliche Wiedereingliederung zu ermöglichen, müssen zudem Suchterkrankungen und fehlende Versicherungsansprüche adressiert werden. Weiterführende Forschung zu den Wirkungsmechanismen entsprechender Maßnahmen ist daher als essenziell anzusehen.
Real-world treatment patterns, survival outcomes, and health care resource utilization for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in Spain
Authors: Puente Javier , Pinto Alvaro , Mendez-Vidal Maria José , García del Muro Xavier , Maroto Pablo , Vazquez Sergio , Luque-Caro Raquel , Anido Urbano , Strunz-McKendry Torsten , Upadhyay Anil , Montes Jose , Ortiz Nuñez Aurora , González Portela Judit , Castellano Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Real-world evidence on locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) management in Spain is limited. This study describes patient characteristics, treatment patterns, survival, and health care resource utilization (HCRU) in this population.

Methods/patients
This retrospective observational study included all adults with a first diagnosis/record of la/mUC (index date) from January 2015 to June 2020 at nine university hospitals in Spain. Data were collected up to December 31, 2020 (end of study), death, or loss to follow-up. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) from index date (Kaplan–Meier estimates), and disease-specific HCRU were described.

Results
Among 829 patients, median age at diagnosis was 71 years; 70.2% had ≥ 1 comorbidity, and 52.5% were eligible for cisplatin. Median follow-up was 12.7 months. Most (84.7%) patients received first-line systemic treatment; of these, 46.9% (n = 329) received second-line and 16.6% (n = 116) received third-line therapy. Chemotherapy was the most common treatment in all lines of therapy, followed by programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1 inhibitors. Median (95% confidence interval) OS and PFS were 18.8 (17.5–21.5) and 9.9 (8.9–10.5) months, respectively. Most patients required ≥ 1 outpatient visit (71.8%), inpatient admission (56.6%), or emergency department visit (56.5%).

Conclusions
Therapeutic patterns were consistent with Spanish guideline recommendations. Chemotherapy had a role in first-line treatment of la/mUC in Spain during the study period. However, the disease burden remains high, and new first-line treatments recommended in the latest European guidelines should be made available to patients in Spain.
Intra-household inequality in food expenditures and diet quality in the Philippines
Authors: Wang Zetianyu , Josephson Anna , Dizon Felipe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many welfare measures, including food expenditures and diet quality, are based on household-level aggregates. This is grounded in the assumption that resources are equally or equitably distributed among household members. Individual-level measures of food expenditures and diet quality may paint a more accurate picture of welfare. We find differences between household- and individual-level measurements of food expenditures and diet quality in the Philippines. We find that 25 percent of food poor individuals live in households that are not classified as food poor. This suggests potential misclassification of individuals if classifications are based on household-level measures. We further find intra-household inequalities in diet quality. Many women and children do not meet the recommended consumption for starchy staples and for meat, fish, and pulses, even within households which, in aggregate, are able to meet the recommended consumption. However, consumption of vegetables, fruits, eggs, and milk is equally low across all household members.
Determining the sound signatures of insect pests in stored rice grain using an inexpensive acoustic system
Authors: Balingbing Carlito , Kirchner Sascha , Siebald Hubertus , Van Hung Nguyen , Hensel Oliver 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInsect pests in storage are causes of major losses worldwide. Acoustic sensors can detect the presence of insects in grain through their sound signature, thus enabling early warning to farmers and traders. This research investigates the applicability of an affordable acoustic sensor, which uses micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) microphone adapted to detect the sound produced by insect pests. Three major insect pests that commonly feed on paddy and milled rice (the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica; the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae; and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum), were collected in rice mills and grain storage warehouses in Laguna The Philippines, and reared at the International Rice Research Institute. Baseline sound recordings were replicated for each insect over three days using a completely randomized design (CRD). Recorded sounds were analysed to determine the sound profiles of each insect. Waveforms, root mean square (RMS) energy values, frequency domain, and spectrograms provided characteristics for the sound signal signature specific to each insect. Primary insect pests (R. dominica and S. oryzae) were differentiated from the secondary insect pest (T. castaneum) through signal analyses. Such data are useful to enable insect pest classification, which can be incorporated into more effective and timely postharvest pest management tools.
Beliefs About When Life Begins Matter: Exploring the Role of Life Beliefs on the Relationship Between Abortion Stigma and Support for Fetal Personhood Measures
Authors: Patev Alison J. , Hood Kristina B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
One of the core tenets at the heart of anti-abortion arguments is that a fetus is a person. Conflicting views on fetal personhood are an integral part of the abortion legality debate. Thus, it is important to better understand individuals’ support for fetal personhood and subsequent fetal personhood measures. Two factors that may impact support for fetal personhood policies are abortion stigma and beliefs about when life begins.

Methods
Two samples (N1 = 300; N2 = 217) were collected via Mechanical Turk and a large Southeastern University’s undergraduate psychology research participation program, respectively. Participants completed a cross-sectional online survey assessing abortion stigma, support for fetal personhood laws, and beliefs about when life begins.

Results
Moderation analyses showed that life beliefs moderate the relationship between abortion stigma and support for fetal personhood measures. Specifically, individuals with less abortion stigma who believe that life begins at birth support fetal personhood measures significantly less, compared to those who believe life begins at or before conception. However, in the Mechanical Turk sample only, among those with increased abortion stigma, individuals who believe that life begins at birth had more support for fetal personhood policies than those who believe it begins before birth.

Conclusions
Findings indicate that the interaction of beliefs about when life begins and abortion stigma is associated with support for fetal personhood measures. The relationships between beliefs about life, abortion stigma, and support for policies underscore the need to better understand how stigma and beliefs are associated with policy-related behaviors. Combating abortion stigma is necessary as stigma causes undue burden to pregnant individuals. Reducing stigma will ultimately lead to better outcomes for those needing abortions.
Elimination of Cd2+ from synthetic and real polluted water by optimized Acacia nilotica biographene
Authors: El-Maghrabi Nourhan , Fawzy Manal , El Din Mahmoud Alaa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiographene was prepared through the pyrolysis of Acacia nilotica waste using diverse temperatures and time spans. The obtained materials were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. The data obtained indicated that when the temperature and time increased, the texture of the biographene became more porous with greater carbon content. The effect of various variables on Cd(II) adsorption, using the optimized biographene product, was investigated, and the results revealed that the optimum pH was 4 and the maximum adsorption capacity was 118.9 mg/g. The Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model best fit the equilibrium data, indicating the adsorptive behavior of the as-prepared biographene implying a homogenous monolayer surface. The recyclability investigation elucidates the remarkable potentiality of up to five consecutive cycles. As such, the biographene-based Acacia nilotica could be considered a sustainable candidate for cadmium removal from polluted water.
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast: A case series
Authors: Spina Eduardo , Esposito Emanuela , Siani Claudio , Varone Valeria , Ferrara Gerardo , di Giacomo Raimondo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign mesenchymal proliferative lesion of the breast. In 2005, only 109 cases have been reported since its initial description in 1986 by Vuitch et al. when it presented in one patient as a palpable breast mass. We retrospectively reviewed data from 2020 to 2023 of patients diagnosed with PASH by surgical excision. Our 13 cases represent one of the most numerous reported from a single institution. All histologic specimens were examined by a single pathologist. All patients had breast masses on imaging or were clinically evident. Eleven of the patients (84.6%) were diagnosed by surgical excision, whilst only two (15.4%) were diagnosed by core needle biopsy. Imaging revealed no strongly distinctive features for PASH. The age of the patients ranged from 25 to 68 years. All but one of the women were premenopausal at the time of diagnosis. This study suggests that PASH is a lesion whose diagnosis is often incidental and the recommended treatment is more commonly surgical.
“Deepfakes and Dishonesty”
Authors: Flattery Tobias , Miller Christian B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeepfakes raise various concerns: risks of political destabilization, depictions of persons without consent and causing them harms, erosion of trust in video and audio as reliable sources of evidence, and more. These concerns have been the focus of recent work in the philosophical literature on deepfakes. However, there has been almost no sustained philosophical analysis of deepfakes from the perspective of concerns about honesty and dishonesty. That deepfakes are potentially deceptive is unsurprising and has been noted. But under what conditions does the use of deepfakes fail to be honest? And which human agents, involved in one way or another in a deepfake, fail to be honest, and in what ways? If we are to understand better the morality of deepfakes, these questions need answering. Our first goal in this paper, therefore, is to offer an analysis of paradigmatic cases of deepfakes in light of the philosophy of honesty. While it is clear that many deepfakes are morally problematic, there has been a rising counter-chorus claiming that deepfakes are not essentially morally bad, since there might be uses of deepfakes that are not morally wrong, or even that are morally salutary, for instance, in education, entertainment, activism, and other areas. However, while there are reasons to think that deepfakes can supply or support moral goods, it is nevertheless possible that even these uses of deepfakes are dishonest. Our second goal in this paper, therefore, is to apply our analysis of deepfakes and honesty to the sorts of deepfakes hoped to be morally good or at least neutral. We conclude that, perhaps surprisingly, in many of these cases the use of deepfakes will be dishonest in some respects. Of course, there will be cases of deepfakes for which verdicts about honesty and moral permissibility do not line up. While we will sometimes suggest reasons why moral permissibility verdicts might diverge from honesty verdicts, we will not aim to settle matters of moral permissibility.
The Hall technique: knowledge, practice, and concerns of dentists in primary care settings in the State of Qatar—a questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Mohamed H. A. , Abdalla E. M. , HagOmer N. A. , Philip N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the knowledge, practice, and concerns about the Hall Technique among pediatric dentists (PDs) and general dental practitioners (GDPs) working in primary care settings in the State of Qatar.

Methods
A prospective questionnaire-based survey was distributed to all GDPs and PDs working at different Primary Health Care Corporation centers in Qatar between 1 November and 10 December 2023. Descriptive data analysis was carried out.

Results
The response rate was 49% among GPDs and 100% among PDs. Approximately 85% of PDs and 48% of GDPs were familiar with the HT although only 58% of the PDs and 4% of the GDPs applied HT preformed metal crowns (HTPMCs) in their current primary care practice. Majority of both PDs and GDPs did not consider HTPMCs as the treatment of choice for restoring asymptomatic carious primary molars and preferred applying the HT for cavitated carious lesions over non-cavitated lesions. Regarding HT practices, 57.7% of PDs and 48% of GDPs always planned on taking a pre-operative radiograph before the procedure, while only 15.4% of PDs and 8% of GDPs would always consider using an orthodontic separator prior to placing an HTPMC. The main concerns among the respondents about the HT included sealing in caries (PDs 31%; GDPs 50%), high occlusion (PDs 57.7%; GDPs 53.3%), and gingival damage (27% PDs; 47% GDPs.) Endorsement by professional bodies and further research evidence were seen as ways to promote wider adoption of the HT.

Conclusion
The HT is recognised but not widely used among primary care dentists working in the State of Qatar. HTPMCs are often seen as secondary options for restoring carious primary molars with dentists still having a number of concerns regarding the HT.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescent Anxiety
Authors: Petersen Julie M. , Pimentel Sandra S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of review
Adolescent anxiety is a pressing and debilitating mental health concern. The gold standard treatment, traditional cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), often does not benefit all youth. Therefore, the present review discusses the available research on a nascent form of modern CBT, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), for anxiety in adolescents. There is a particular emphasis placed on the evidence base for DNAV, a developmentally adapted form of ACT where each letter of the acronym represents an ACT component: the Discoverer, Noticer, Advisor, and Values.

Recent findings
Across a range of studies, adolescents receiving ACT or DNAV reported improvements in anxiety, along with other relevant symptoms. Additionally, in the handful of comparisons to traditional CBT, ACT has resulted in similar outcomes.

Summary
The current state of research suggests that ACT and DNAV are promising interventions for youth anxiety worthy of further exploration. Future research should focus on understanding which components of ACT might be most beneficial for which youth, along with increasing sample diversity and utilizing more controlled formats.