bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Our Service Academies Must Discard Race-Based Admissions
Authors: Purdy R. Lawrence 
Published: September 2024

The recent Supreme Court ruling in SFFA v. Harvard struck down the use of race in college admissions but did not address the propriety of such in the U.S. military service academies. Despite the obvious need for a unified military that recruits and trains the best, Constitutional lawyer Lawrence Purdy ponders the continuing support for race-based hiring and promotion among the military’s top brass.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR PARA CRIANÇAS COM AUTISMO
Authors: Bahia Iara Balbina Oliveira , Silva Elias Alves da 
Published: September 2024

Este escrito tem como objetivo analisar as políticas públicas brasileiras direcionadas para a educação especial, com foco na inclusão escolar de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). A inclusão educacional, amparada pela legislação nacional, visa defender que independentemente de suas necessidades especiais, todas as crianças têm direito a uma educação de qualidade e oportunidades iguais de desenvolvimento. É sabido que a inclusão escolar de crianças com TEA não restringe apenas o acesso ao ambiente escolar, mas também envolve o suporte especializado, adaptação curricular, além do preparo dos docentes para lidar com as especificidades do transtorno do espectro autista. A metodologia adotada neste estudo é qualitativa, sendo fundamentada em uma revisão bibliográfica e documental. Foram analisados artigos científicos, teses, monografias, assim como documentos oficiais, legislações e diretrizes educacionais do governo brasileiro. Essas bases de dados foram coletadas através do Google acadêmico e Scielo. Os resultados indicam que mesmo com o avanço significativo das políticas públicas brasileiras para garantir a inclusão escolar de crianças com autismo, os desafios ainda existem. Entre eles, ressalta-se a necessidade de uma formação continuada e especializada para docentes, disponibilidade de recursos pedagógicos que atendam às necessidades desses educandos, além de adaptação adequada do currículo escolar. Deste modo, conclui-se que para a inclusão escolar de crianças com autismo seja realmente satisfatória, é primordial um compromisso contínuo com o desenvolvimento e efetivação de políticas públicas que promovam a integração, plena inclusão e valorização dessas crianças no âmbito escolar.
Mapping the CO2 total column retrieval performance from shortwave infrared measurements: synthetic impacts of the spectral resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and spectral band selection
Authors: Dogniaux Matthieu , Crevoisier Cyril 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Satellites have been providing spaceborne observations of the total column of CO2 (denoted XCO2) for over two decades now, and, with the need for independent verification of Paris Agreement objectives, many new satellite concepts are currently planned or being studied to complement or extend the instruments that already exist. Depending on whether they are targeting natural and/or anthropogenic fluxes of CO2, the designs of these future concepts vary greatly. The characteristics of their shortwave infrared (SWIR) observations notably explore several orders of magnitude in spectral resolution (from λ/Δλ ∼ 400 for Carbon Mapper to λ/Δλ ∼ 25 000 for MicroCarb) and include different selections of spectral bands (from one to four bands, among which there are the CO2-sensitive 1.6 µm and/or 2.05 µm bands). The very nature of the spaceborne measurements is also explored: for instance, the NanoCarb imaging concept proposes to measure CO2-sensitive truncated interferograms, instead of infrared spectra like other concepts, in order to significantly reduce the instrument size. This study synthetically explores the impact of three different design parameters on the XCO2 retrieval performance obtained through optimal estimation: (1) the spectral resolution, (2) the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and (3) the spectral band selection. Similar performance assessments are completed for the exactly defined OCO-2, MicroCarb, Copernicus CO2 Monitoring (CO2M) and NanoCarb concepts. We show that improving the SNR is more efficient than improving the spectral resolution to increase XCO2 precision when perturbing these parameters across 2 orders of magnitude, and we find that a low SNR and/or a low spectral resolution yield XCO2 with vertical sensitivities that give more weight to atmospheric layers close to the surface. The exploration of various spectral band combinations illustrates, especially for lower spectral resolutions, how including an O2-sensitive band helps to increase the optical path length information and how the 2.05 µm CO2-sensitive band contains more geophysical information than the 1.6 µm band. With very different characteristics, MicroCarb shows a CO2 information content that is only slightly higher than that of CO2M, which translates into XCO2 random errors that are lower by a factor ranging from 1.1 to 1.9, depending on the observational situation. The performance of NanoCarb for a single pixel of its imager is comparable to those of concepts that measure spectra at low SNR and low spectral resolution, but, as this novel concept would observe a given target several times during a single overpass, its performance improves when combining all the observations. Overall, the broad range of results obtained through this synthetic XCO2 performance mapping hint at the future intercomparison challenges that the wide variety of upcoming CO2-observing concepts will pose.
Satellite-based near-real-time global daily terrestrial evapotranspiration estimates
Authors: Huang Lei , Luo Yong , Chen Jing M. , Tang Qiuhong , Steenhuis Tammo , Cheng Wei , Shi Wen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Accurate and timely global evapotranspiration (ET) data are crucial for agriculture, water resource management, and drought forecasting. Although numerous satellite-based ET products are available, few offer near-real-time data. For instance, products like NASA's ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment mounted on the International Space Station (ECOSTRESS) and MOD16 face challenges such as uneven coverage and delays exceeding 1 week in data availability. In this study, we refined the Variation of the Standard Evapotranspiration Algorithm (VISEA) by fully integrating satellite-based data, e.g., European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA5-Land shortwave radiation (which includes satellite remote sensing data within its assimilation system) and MODIS land surface data (which include surface reflectance, temperature and/or emissivity, land cover, vegetation indices, and albedo as inputs). This enables VISEA to provide near-real-time global daily ET estimates with a maximum delay of 1 week at a resolution of 0.05°. Its accuracy was assessed globally using observation data from 149 flux towers across 12 land cover types and comparing them with five other satellite-based ET products and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) data. The results indicate that VISEA provides accurate ET estimates that are comparable to existing products, achieving a mean correlation coefficient (R) of about 0.6 and an RMSE of 1.4 mm d−1. Furthermore, we demonstrated VISEA's utility in drought monitoring during a drought event in the Yangtze River basin in 2022 in which ET changes correlated with precipitation. The near-real-time capability of VISEA is, thus, especially valuable in meteorological and hydrological applications for coordinating drought relief efforts. The VISEA ET dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.11888/Terre.tpdc.300782 (Huang, 2023a).
On the potential of using smartphone sensors for wildfire hazard estimation through citizen science
Authors: Shachaf Hofit , Price Colin , Rostkier-Edelstein Dorita , Mass Cliff 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Weather conditions that can enhance wildfire potential are a problem faced by many countries around the world. Wildfires can have major economic impacts as well as prolonged effects on populations and ecosystems. Distributing information on fire hazards to the public and first responders in real time is crucial for fire risk management and risk reduction. Although most fires today are caused by people, weather conditions determine if and how fast the fire spreads. In particular, research has shown that atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a key parameter predicting the dryness of vegetation and the available fuel for fires. VPD is determined from the environmental air temperature and relative humidity, both of which are readily obtained from smartphones carried by the public. In this study we use smartphone data from the company Opensignal, collected over almost 4 years and from more than 40 000 users per day, to estimate VPD values. We have found that smartphone data can provide useful information about fire risk and danger. Here we present two case studies from wildfires in Israel and Portugal in which VPD is calculated using calibrated temperature and relative humidity measurements from smartphones. Given the rapid growth in the number of smartphones around the globe, we propose applying smartphone data for meteorological research and fire weather applications. Possible users of these results could be wildfire researchers; public policy specialists in wildfire, climate, and disaster management; engineers working with big data; low-income countries; and citizen science advocates.
Evolving Hungarian-American Academic Relations
Authors: Ball Christopher 
Published: September 2024

This article is a retrospective of the last thirty years of US-Hungarian relations with special focus on university relations. I do this by telling my story of moving to Hungary in 1994, then building new American-Hungarian academic programs over the last 20 years. I discuss the successes and struggles of each period as well as the particular challenges today. I conclude with thoughts on a path forward and argue that we need exchange programs and partnerships between our countries more today than ever. This is a written version of my keynote address given at the AHEA 2023 Annual Conference.
Elucidation of Biosynthetic pathway for the production of monotropein (potential neutraceutical) compound in blueberry
Authors: Kaur Ishveen 
Published: September 2024

Blueberry is the second most important crop in the US, owing to increased awareness of its health benefits due to the presence of several bioactive compounds. One such plant bioactive compound is monotropein. It has been reported that monotropein is found in only three plant species, namely Monotropa Uniflora, Morinda officinalis (Vaccinium spp). Most work on monotropein has been done in Morinda officinalis where it has been shown to impart several human health benefits. Recent work has also identified monotropein in both wild and cultivated blueberries. However, how monotropein is produced and the type of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of monotropein in blueberries has yet to be elucidated. Our research group used bioinformatics, comparative genomics and protein engineering techniques to functionally characterize the ISY (Iridoid Synthase) gene. Transcriptome‐based identification and functional characterization of iridoid synthase revealed that it is co-expressed with UDP- glucuronosyltransferase, which is a likely downstream step in the formation of monotropein. Currently, we are focusing on functionally characterizing Geraniol Synthase (GES) gene, as recent work has found the expression of GES is significantly associated with the production of iridoids in other plant families. Our overarching goal is to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of production of monotropein in blueberry to breed blueberries with higher production of monotropein.
Conservative management of spinal pathology with autologous conditioned serum: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Rajkovic Christian J , Merckling Matthew L , Lee Alyssa W , Subah Galadu , Malhotra Aryan , Thomas Zachary D , Zeller Sabrina L , Wainwright John V , Kinon Merritt D 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Chronic inflammatory pain is associated with increased expression of interleukin (IL)-1, an inflammatory cytokine, and activity on its receptor (IL-1R). In response, the body produces IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) to reduce this signaling. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is the only biologic therapy for spinal pathologies that enhances the action of endogenous IL-1Ra reserves to improve symptoms. This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of ACS in treating pain and disability caused by spinal pathologies.
AIM
To evaluate the use of ACS as a conservative management option for spinal pathology.
METHODS
A systematic review of PubMed/Medline was performed to identify studies investigating administration of ACS for treatment of any spinal pathology.
RESULTS
Six articles were included, comprising 684 patients treated with epidural (n = 133) or transforaminal (n = 551) ACS injections. Patients had an average age of 54.0 years with slight female predominance (53.2%). The lumbar spine was most commonly treated, with 567 patients (82.9%) receiving injections for lumbar radiculopathy (n = 67), degenerative disc disease (DDD) (n = 372), or spinal stenosis (n = 128); cervical injections were performed in 109 patients (15.9%). Mean (SD) follow-up was 21.7 (4.8) weeks from first ACS injection. All studies investigating mechanical lumbar and lumbar or cervical radicular pain reported significant pain reduction at final follow-up compared to baseline. ACS achieved comparable or superior results to lumbar epidural steroid injections. Adverse events were reported in 21 patients (3.1%), with no serious adverse events.
CONCLUSION
ACS injection is a safe and effective intervention for pain reduction in many spinal pathologies, including cervical and lumbar radiculopathies.
O corpo, as relações de gênero e a criação da mulher
Authors: Araújo Karina de Toledo 
Published: September 2024

No Brasil, as relações de poder são historicamente acentuadas e, socialmente determinadas, desde o início da colonização. A estrutura em que a sociedade se organiza está diretamente vinculada ao pertencimento aos diferentes grupos: os dominantes e os grupos subjugados. O corpo é instrumento de domínio e de dominação assim como é instrumento de manifestação e marca identitária primordial. O corpo é, e por ser, basta mas, não cabe em si. Acaba por ser objeto de desejo e de punição, de conquista e de domínio, de liberdade e de transgressão. É arma e é troféu. É instrumento de conquista e é território. É UNO e complexo. Apresentamos dois relatos que influenciam significativamente as relações de gênero presentes em nossa sociedade até a atualidade: um discurso mítico e outro o discurso religioso sobre a criação da mulher. Entretanto, o corpo feminino sempre foi silenciado pois vivemos em uma sociedade com valores arraigados no patriarcalismo e no colonialismo e isso determina uma maioria social mais poderosa e as minorias sociais que sofrem os preconceitos e as violências. É necessário que a circulação das crenças, conhecimentos, as representações e as ações sejam transformadas para que o corpo da mulher possa usufruir e manifestar-se livremente.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Mahasiswa Bimbingan Konseling Pendidikan Islam ( BKPI ) dalam Mengembangkan Sistem Pelayanan Bimbingan Konseling Berbasis Aplikasi Teknologi di MANU Putri Buntet Pesantren Cirebon
Authors: Majdi Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi mahasiswa BKPI STIT Buntet Pesantren. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penerapan teknologi yang inovatif untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas pada layanan Bimbingan Konseling. Metode penelitian yang digunakan melibatkan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa BKPI yang terlibat dalam pengembangan penerapan Pelayanan Bimbingan Konseling berbasis aplikasi teknologi disekolah. Data yang diperoleh dari wawancara dan observasi dianalisis secara mendalam untuk mengidentifikasi manfaat, tantangan, dan peran aplikasi dalam pengembangan sistem pelayanan BK disekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan sistem layanan BK berbasis aplikasi teknologi memberikan manfaat yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan efisiensi layanan bimbingan kepada siswa di sekolah. Namun, penelitian juga mengungkapkan adanya tantangan, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya dan adaptasi terhadap teknologi, yang perlu diatasi melalui pengembangan keahlian teknis mahasiswa dan penyediaan infrastruktur yang memadai. Dalam pembahasan, penelitian ini membahas implikasi temuan terhadap peningkatan kompetensi mahasiswa Bimbingan konseling serta efisiensi dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling.
RATIFICATION OF THE ROME STATUTE IN THE TIME OF GEOPOLITICAL AND LEGAL RECONSIDERATION: MISSION IS (IM)POSSIBLE
Authors: Sofinska Iryna 
Published: September 2024

The article examines legal and political narratives regarding the accession of Ukraine to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Ukraine signed it in 2000 but has not ratified it till now (April 2023) due to political tensions and legal (legislative) disparities. The spectrum of applied methods in this research is extensive. The primary research methods used in this article to highlight essential circumventions regarding Ukraine’s full participation in the International Criminal Court’s activities are descriptive and qualitative to comparative.

In this article, the author outlines the importance for every democratic country (which guarantees human rights, the rule of law, and fairness) to be party-state to the International Criminal Court; the paper analyzes its strong and weak sides, challenges, and threats of ratification. Its ratification should revitalize constitutional values (democracy, the rule of law) and human dignity in Ukraine. There reason to conclude that the initiative to create a separate international tribunal should reflect the rule of law principle application de facto and de jure. Justice must be done; it is not only about the susceptible slogans of the Ukrainian leaders addressing our partners but massive and effective legal, legislative, and diplomatic actions. It is about routine war crimes’ investigatory work on a day-to-day basis to identify those who have allegedly committed mass atrocity crimes (i.e., genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression) in Ukraine since 2014, specifically after the full-fledged invasion in 2022, and all perpetrators of international crimes committed in Ukraine should be brought to justice.
زَعم ومشتقاتها في القرآن الكريم " دراسة تفسيرية موضوعية "
Authors: عبد الرزاق زهراء محمد حسن 
Published: September 2024

إنَّ الزعم من الظواهر السيئة الخطيرة التي لها آثر كبير على المجتمع والدين ,لما يثمر عنه من كذب ,وبهتان ,وقول بالظن بلا علم يستند إليه . إذ سعى هذا البحث لجمع الآيات التي وردت فيها لفظة زعم ومشتقاتها ودراستها دراسة قرآنية كوحدة واحدة على النحو الآتي :
المحور الأول : الإطار النظري والمفاهيمي أما المحور الثاني :زعم ومشتقاتها في القرآن أما المحور الثالث : المعاني التي جاءت لفظة زعم ومشتقاتها في القرآن دراسة موضوعية :
وإنَّ أهم ما توصل إليه وردت لفظ ( زعم) ومشتقاته في القرآن الكريم سبعة عشر مرة بسبع صيغ (زعم) ,و(زعمتم) ,و(يزعمون) ,و(تزعمون ) ,و(بزعمهم) ,و(زعمت) ,(زعيم) .بمعنيين أحدهما مظنة الكذب ,و والمعنى الآخر الكفالة .
Aplicação da metacognição na formação continuada de professores: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Venda Marilucia Alves da , Peixoto Maurício Abreu Pinto , Santos Luciana Rocha dos , Cordeiro Thais Lazaroto Roberto , Damasceno Ana Maria de Oliveira , Granadeiro Raquel Magalhães de Azeredo 
Published: September 2024

A inserção da metacognição na formação continuada de professores é uma estratégia que pode transformar a prática educativa, melhorando tanto o ensino quanto a aprendizagem. Assim, este estudo tem como propósito investigar a aplicação da metacognição na educação continuada de professores e identificar as lacunas existentes. Foram analisados onze estudos, selecionados a partir de bibliotecas virtuais científicas como Periódicos CAPES, SciELO, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e através da ferramenta de busca Google Acadêmico. Cinco estudos utilizaram a pesquisa-ação, a maioria se concentrou em professores da educação básica; as áreas de atuação desses profissionais eram diversas, predominando ciências e química. Apenas dois estudos não direcionaram seu objetivo principal para a metacognição, e os principais domínios abordados foram conhecimentos e estratégias metacognitivas. Embora os benefícios da metacognição na formação continuada sejam reconhecidos pelos estudos, ainda existem lacunas que requerem mais investigação, como o impacto específico na prática pedagógica dos docentes e a avaliação da eficácia a longo prazo. Além disso, há uma escassez de estudos focados na educação continuada para professores de nível superior, especialmente na área da saúde.
Nilai Jasa Lingkungan Pada Hutan Kota di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta
Authors: Reza Syavy 
Published: September 2024

Abstrak: Pemanasan global merupakan isu penting saat ini. Pemanasan global umumnya terjadi karena peningkatan karbon dioksida (CO2) dan CH4 di atmosfer. Pemanasan global mengacu pada peningkatan suhu permukaan rata-rata bumi dalam jangka panjang. Penyebab terjadinya pemanasan globak karna adanya peningkatan karbon di tengah kehidupan masyarakat. Hutan yang mempunyai peran ekologis sebagai penyerap karbon. Hutan kota Taman Margasatwa Ragunan memiliki fungsi dan peran ekologis yakni sebagai penyedia oksigen dan penyerap karbon. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan dibagi menjadi 4 titik yaitu utara, barat, timur, dan selatan. Penilitian ini menggunakan analisis biomassa, analisis serapan CO2, dan analisis jasa lingkungan, lalu diuraikan dengan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa biomassa yang dimiliki oleh hutan kota Taman Margasatwa Ragunan yakni 0,323 ton/ha, sedangkan nilai serapan CO2 0,4738 ton/ha, dan untuk nilai jasa lingkungan sebesar Rp. 32.479. Untuk secara keseluruhan nilai jasa lingkungan di hutan kota Taman Margasatwa Ragunan yakni Rp. 4.547.060. Nilai jasa lingkungan serapan karbon yang dimiliki oleh hutan kota Taman Margasatwa Ragunan dapat menjadikan contoh untuk meningkatkan kawasan hutan kota di kawasan ibukota DKI Jakarta sebagai penyeimbang dari tingginya kegiatan antropogenik yang menyebabkan tingginya pencemaran udara.
Analisis Pengendalian Waktu Proyek Menggunakan Metode Critical Path Method (CPM)
Authors: Husnul Khotimah Indah , Sholahuddin Moh , Nevila Rodhi Nova , Tjandra Andi 
Published: September 2024

Pada pelaksanaan pekerjaan proyek tidak jarang sering dijumpai proyek yang mengalami ketidak sesuaian dengan yang direncanakan. Masalah ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengendalian terhadap waktu, biaya, dan mutu. Pada proyek Rehabilitasi Jalan Dander – Bubulan akan dilakukan pelebaran jalan pada titik STA 0+000 – 1+430. Namun adanya permasalahan pada proyek tersebut, mengakibatkan proyek mengalami perubahan waktu dengan penambahan waktu 30 hari kalender. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai optimasi waktu proyek dan untuk mengetahui selisih waktu antara rencana dan optimasi proyek setelah dilakukan analisis menggunakan Critical Path Method (CPM). Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Kuantitatif, dan analisis data dengan menggunakan Critical Path Method (CPM), metode ini dapat mengidentifikasi jalur kritis melalui sekumpulan aktivitas yang telah ditentukan ketergantungan antar aktivitasnya. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai dari optimasi waktu proyek dengan menggunakan CPM setelah dilakukan percepatan durasi dengan penambahan 1 jam lembur pada aktivitas kritis yaitu sebesar 15 hari, dan dari waktu proyek yang sesuai dengan jadwal rencana yaitu 70 hari terdapat selisih antara waktu rencana dengan optimasi selama 15 hari sehingga waktu optimal proyek sebesar 55 hari. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan Critical Path Method (CPM) waktu penyelesaian proyek dapat dikendalikan secara optimal