bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Evaluation of Cervicovaginal Self- and Cervical Physician Collection for the Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium Infections
Authors: Lockhart Alexandre , Psioda Matt , Ting Jie , Campbell Sara , Mugo Nelly , Kwatampora Jessie , Chitwa Michael , Kimani Joshua , Gakure Anne , Smith Jennifer S. 
Published: January 2018

Background
This study aimed to examine the agreement between sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening using self-collected specimens and physician-collected specimens, and to investigate the acceptability of self-collection for screening in an 18-month study of female sex workers in a high-risk, low-resource setting.

Methods
A total of 350 female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya, participated in a prospective study from 2009 to 2011. Women self-collected a cervicovaginal specimen. Next, a physician conducted a pelvic examination to obtain a cervical specimen. Physician- and self-collected specimens were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) using Aptima nucleic acid amplification assays (Hologic). Specimens were collected at 3-month intervals over 18-month follow-up. κ Statistics measured agreement of positivity between self-collection and physician collection.

Results
Baseline STI prevalence was 2.9% for N. gonorrhoeae, 5.2% for C. trachomatis, 9.2% for T. vaginalis, and 20.1% for MG in self-collected samples, and 2.3%, 3.7%, 7.2%, and 12.9%, respectively, in physician-collected samples. κ Agreement was consistently strong (range, 0.66–1.00) for all STIs over the 18-month study period, except for MG, which had moderate agreement (range, 0.50–0.75). Most participants found self-collection easy (94%) and comfortable (89%) at baseline, with responses becoming modestly more favorable over time.

Conclusions
Self-collected specimen screening results showed strong agreement to clinical-collected specimens, except for MG, which was consistently detected more commonly in self-collected than in physician-collected specimens. Acceptability of the self-collection procedure was high at baseline and increased modestly over time. In high-risk, low-resource settings, STI screening with self-collected specimens provides a reliable and acceptable alternative to screening with physician-collected specimens.
Emergency Medical Responders and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Cheung Viola , McCarthy Madeline L. , Cicero Mark X. , Leventhal John M. , Weitzman Carol 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
Because of the high prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and wandering behavior, emergency medical responders (EMRs) will likely encounter children and adolescents with ASD. The objectives were to describe interactions between EMRs and children and adolescents with ASD, to evaluate EMRs' ability to recognize ASD in a simulated trauma setting, and to determine if EMRs' demographic characteristics affected their interactions with ASD youth.

Methods
A study of 75 videos of a simulated school bus crash was performed. The simulation included an adolescent with ASD portrayed by an actor. Videos were coded based on 5 domains: (1) reassurance attempts by the EMR, (2) quality of the EMR's interactions, (3) EMR's elicitation of information, (4) EMR's interactions with others, and (5) EMR's recognition of a disability. Two clinicians coded the videos independently, and consensus was reached for any areas of disagreement.

Results
Of 75 interactions, 27% provided reassurance to the adolescent with ASD, 1% elicited information, 11% asked bystanders for information or assistance, and 35% suggested a disability with 13% considering ASD. No differences across domains were found based on the EMR's sex. Emergency medical responders with greater than or equal to 5 years of experience were significantly more likely to elicit information than those with less than 5 years of experience, and paramedics had significantly higher total performance scores than paramedic students or those with EMT-Basic.

Conclusions
Few EMRs in this study optimally interacted with adolescents with ASD or recognized a disability. These findings suggest a strong need for targeted educational interventions.
Red Flags in Torticollis
Authors: Starc Meta , Norbedo Stefania , Tubaro Martina , Ronfani Luca , Bassanese Giulia , Barbi Egidio 
Published: January 2018

Objective
This study aimed to assess the spectrum of pathologies responsible for torticollis in children presenting to the emergency department and to evaluate the associated symptoms to determine clinical red flags for hospitalization.

Methods
This was a historical retrospective cohort study. Medical records of children evaluated in our emergency department for torticollis from 2008 to 2013 were reviewed.

Results
Among 392 identified patients, 61% had postural torticollis,19.4% infection related, 16.3% traumatic, and 3.5% other. Twenty-five patients (6.4%) were hospitalized. Four variables were strongly and independently related to the severe outcome: fever, sore throat, headache, and age.

Conclusions
The association of 2 or 3 of these 4 features carried a risk of 32% and 58%, respectively, of having a severe illness.
Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Patients With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Sethuraman Kinjal N. , Douglas Taylor M. , Bostick Barbara B. , Comer Angela C. , Myers Bennett , Rosenthal Robert E. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common and deadly form of poisoning that is often treated with hyperbaric oxygen. The characteristics of children exposed to CO and then treated with hyperbaric oxygen have not been delineated. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of children treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for CO poisoning at a regional hyperbaric referral center.

Methods
The study is based on a retrospective review of data extracted from the medical records of children (age <19 years) who were referred to our center for hyperbaric oxygen therapy for CO poisoning between 2008 and 2013. Inferential analyses were used to compare demographic characteristics, serum carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels, and presenting symptoms.

Results
Forty-seven children met our study criteria. Their mean age was 8.9 years, and their mean COHb level was 14.3% (range, 3.4%-30.1%). Severity of symptoms did not correlate with serum COHb levels; however, neurologic symptoms at presentation were more common in patients with a COHb level greater than 25%. There was a correlation between increasing age and higher COHb levels and between COHb and lactate levels.

Conclusions
Our retrospective review of patients’ records showed no correlation of serum COHb levels with symptoms on presentation; however, a correlation was found between increasing age and COHb level as well as lactate level and COHb level.
Adolescent Coping Strategies in the Emergency Department
Authors: Cheng Allison , Manfredi Rita , Badolato Gia , Goyal Monika 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
The objective of this study was to describe coping mechanisms used by adolescents during emergency treatment.

Methods
A convenience sample of adolescent patients (aged 12–18 years) was surveyed in our large (87,000 annual visits) urban academic pediatric emergency department (ED) with an adapted Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences survey. Parents were surveyed about their perceptions of their child's coping mechanisms. Participants were excluded if they were non–English speaking, in police custody, had altered mental status, or were hemodynamically unstable.

Results
Of the 123 adolescents approached, 93 participated (response rate, 76%) and 80 completed the survey (completion rate, 86%). Sixty percent were female, and the mean (SD) age was 15 (2) years. Most respondents were non–Hispanic black (62%). Adolescents presented for acute complaints (48%); chronic worsening problems (33%); and injury from an accident or assault (19%). While in the ED, 62% felt safe, 56% reported boredom, and 94% felt supported by their parents. Adolescents reported that listening to music (82%), sleeping (76%), and focusing on getting better (75%) would minimize their stress in the ED. A total of 50 parents completed the survey. There was 79% agreement between parents and adolescents regarding adolescents listening to music to cope in the ED. There was 72% agreement between parents and adolescents in regard to parental support.

Conclusions
In this urban ED, parental involvement and listening to music were the most common coping strategies adolescents used during an ED visit. Attempts to improve patient-centered care should address opportunities for parental support and mechanisms for adolescents to listen to music.
Adolescent Attitudes Toward Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening in the Emergency Department
Authors: Gearhart Addison S. , Badolato Gia M. , Goyal Monika K. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
Adolescents who seek care in emergency departments (EDs) are often at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The objective of this study was to assess adolescent attitudes toward ED-based STI screening.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study that evaluated STI screening acceptability and prevalence when STI testing was universally offered to asymptomatic adolescents presenting to the ED for care. Adolescents 14 to 21 years old completed a computerized survey and answered questions regarding attitudes toward ED-based STI screening and sexual behavior. We performed multivariable logistic regression to compare differences in attitudes toward ED-based STI screening among patients who agreed versus declined STI testing.

Results
Of 553 adolescents, 326 (59.0%) agreed to be tested for STIs. Most (72.1%) believed the ED was an appropriate place for STI screening. Patients who agreed to be tested for STIs were more likely to positively endorse ED-based STI screening than those who declined STI testing [77.0% vs 64.8%; adjusted odds ratios, 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–2.4]. Most (82.6%) patients stated they would feel comfortable getting tested for STIs in the ED. There was no difference in the comfort level of ED-based STI testing between those who agreed and declined STI testing (83.5% vs 81.4%; adjusted odds ratios, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7–1.8).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that adolescents view the ED as an acceptable location for STI screening. Therefore, the ED may serve a role in increasing the accessibility of STI detection and prevention resources for adolescents.
Heart Rate Variability and Its Relation to Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the PREVEND Study
Authors: Thio Christian H.L. , van Roon Arie M. , Lefrandt Joop D. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Snieder Harold 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
In the general population, reduced heart rate variability (HRV) has been associated with cardiovascular disease. However, its relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is debated. We therefore investigated the relation between low HRV and renal outcomes.

Methods
In the population-based Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease study, renal outcomes (CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], urinary albumin) were measured at baseline and three consecutive examinations. HRV measures (among which SDNN [standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals]) were calculated from time series of beat-to-beat pulse wave recordings at baseline. The lowest (risk) quartile was compared with the upper three quartiles combined, in multivariable survival and linear mixed-effects analyses.

Results
In 4605 participants (49% males, age range = 33–80, 0.6% blacks), we observed 341 new participants of CKD during a median follow-up duration of 7.4 years. Low SDNN was associated with higher incidence of CKD (crude HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.30 to 2.12, p < .001), but this association was no longer significant after adjustment for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors (adjusted HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.86 to 1.48, p = .40, similar for other HRV measures). No associations between SDNN and eGFR trajectories were found in the total sample. However, in a subgroup of participants with baseline CKD (n = 939), we found a significant association of low SDNN (but not other HRV measures) with lower baseline eGFR, even after multivariable adjustment (adjusted βlevel difference = −3.73 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI = −6.70 to −0.75, p = .014), but not with steeper eGFR decline.

Conclusions
These results suggest that reduced HRV may be a complication of CKD rather than a causal factor.
The role of dalbavancin in skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Peghin Maddalena , Carnelutti Alessia , Righi Elda 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
The increase of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) represents a major concern both in community and in the hospital setting. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated pathogen, and the rise in infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been associated with inadequate antibiotic treatment and increased morbidity.

Recent findings
A number of new antimicrobials with activity against drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA, have been recently approved for the treatment of SSTIs. New lipoglycopeptides, in particular dalbavancin, are long-acting antibiotics with potential for infrequent administration, offering the possibility for outpatient treatment and early hospital discharge.

Summary
Dalbavancin is a new lipoglycopeptide showing high activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains. Dalbavancin presents a distinctive pharmacokinetic profile with a terminal prolonged half-life of approximately 14 days. This characteristic allows once-weekly dosing interval, avoiding the need for daily dosing and offering an advantage over other compounds for potential use in the outpatient setting or to promote early hospital discharge. Dalbavancin has a favorable adverse effect profile and appears to be a promising new alternative for treatment of SSTIs. We have reviewed the pharmacokinetic properties of dalbavancin and the clinical evidence for its use in complicated SSTIs and other potential applications.
Intervention Program to Improve Executive Functions and Enhance Planning Abilities of Patients With Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Authors: Fukuta Daisuke , Mori Chizuru 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an intervention program to improve executive functions and enhance the planning abilities of patients with mild neurocognitive disorder.

Design
A pilot intervention study.

Methods
Ten inpatients performed an intervention program based on Lezak’s conceptual model that teaches task-specific routines. The program consisted of six training sessions presented over a 2-week period. Neuropsychological assessments were performed pre- and postintervention.

Findings
The postintervention scores of the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome Total Profile and two subtests were significantly higher than the preintervention scores. The instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale and the Visual Analog Scale were significantly improved.

Conclusion
This intervention program leads to improvement in the executive function of planning ability and promotes independence and self-confidence in patients with mild neurocognitive disorder.

Clinical Relevance
Clinicians should consider the program in terms of improving the executive dysfunction, and the process of planning and the process of actual practice are important.
KMT1/Suv39 methyltransferase family regulates peripheral heterochromatin tethering via histone and non-histone protein methylations
Authors: Rao Radhika Arasala , Ketkar Alhad Ashok , Kedia Neelam , Krishnamoorthy Vignesh K , Lakshmanan Vairavan , Kumar Pankaj , Mohanty Abhishek , Kumar Shilpa Dilip , Raja Sufi O , Gulyani Akash , Chaturvedi ChandraPrakash , Brand Marjorie , Palakodeti Dasaradhi , Rampalli Shravanti 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEuchromatic histone methyltransferases (EHMTs), members of the KMT1 family, methylate histone and non-histone proteins. Here we uncover a novel role for EHMTs in regulating heterochromatin anchorage to the nuclear periphery (NP) via non-histone (LaminB1) methylations. We show that EHMTs methylates and stabilizes LaminB1 (LMNB1), which associates with the H3K9me2-marked peripheral heterochromatin. Loss of LMNB1 methylation or EHMTs abrogates the heterochromatin anchorage from the NP. We further demonstrate that the loss of EHMTs induces many hallmarks of aging including global reduction of H3K27methyl marks along with altered nuclear-morphology. Consistent with this, we observed a gradual depletion of EHMTs, which correlates with loss of methylated LMNB1 and peripheral heterochromatin in aging human fibroblasts. Restoration of EHMT expression reverts peripheral heterochromatin defect in aged cells. Collectively our work elucidates a new mechanism by which EHMTs regulate heterochromatin domain organization and reveals their impact on fundamental changes associated with the intrinsic aging process.
Single-Cell Sequencing of Primate Preimplantation Embryos Reveals Chromosome Elimination Via Cellular Fragmentation and Blastomere Exclusion
Authors: Daughtry Brittany L. , Rosenkrantz Jimi L. , Lazar Nathan H. , Fei Suzanne S. , Redmayne Nash , Torkenczy Kristof A. , Adey Andrew , Gao Lina , Park Byung , Nevonen Kimberly A. , Carbone Lucia , Chavez Shawn L. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAneuploidy that arises during meiosis and/or mitosis is a major contributor to early embryo loss. We previously demonstrated that human preimplantation embryos encapsulate mis-segregated chromosomes into micronuclei while undergoing cellular fragmentation and that fragments can contain chromosomal material, but the source of this DNA was unknown. Here, we leveraged the use of a non-human primate model and single-cell DNA-sequencing (scDNA-seq) to examine the chromosomal content of 471 individual samples comprising 254 blastomeres, 42 polar bodies, and 175 cellular fragments from a large number (N=50) of disassembled rhesus cleavage-stage embryos. Our analysis revealed that the frequency of aneuploidy and micronucleation is conserved between humans and macaques and that cellular fragments encapsulate whole and/or partial chromosomes lost from blastomeres. Single-cell/fragment genotyping demonstrated that these chromosome-containing cellular fragments (CCFs) can be either maternal or paternal in origin and display DNA damage via double-stranded breaks. Chromosome breakage and abnormal cytokinesis resulted in reciprocal losses/gains at the terminal ends of chromosome arms, uniparental genome segregation, and mixoploidy between blastomeres. Combining time-lapse imaging with scDNA-seq, we also determined that multipolar divisions at the zygote or 2-cell stage generated chaotic aneuploidy encompassing a complex mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Despite frequent chromosomal mis-segregation at the cleavage-stage, we show that CCFs and non-dividing aneuploid blastomeres exhibiting extensive DNA damage are prevented from incorporation at the blastocyst stage. These findings suggest that embryos respond to chromosomal errors by encapsulation into micronuclei, elimination by cellular fragmentation, and selection against highly aneuploid blastomeres to overcome chromosome instability during preimplantation development.
Dynamin-2 controls phagophore maturation
Authors: Riera Alejandro Martorell , Martinez Cinta Iriondo , Itskanov Samuel , Steffen Janos , Roach Brett , Koehler Carla M. , van der Bliek Alexander M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAutophagy involves rapid growth of phagophores through membrane addition. Newly added membranes are derived from other organelles through vesicles carrying the Atg9 protein. Membrane is delivered by fusing these vesicles with the phagophores. Atg9 is, nevertheless, not incorporated in autophagosomes. We now show that this protein is retrieved from phagophores by fission utilizing Dynamin-2 (Dnm2) as the membrane scission protein. Blocking Atg9 recycling by interfering with Dnm2 helps retain Atg9 in autophagosomes and degrades this protein by autophagy. Dnm2 colocalizes with the BAR domain protein Endophilin-B1 (EndoB1/Bif-1) when autophagy is induced, consistent with transient interactions during Atg9 retrieval. EndoB1 and Dnm2 also control the downstream fusion of phagophores to late endosomes, thus ensuring the completion of phagophores before proceeding to the next stage in the autophagy process. These data provide novel insights into the roles of membrane scission proteins during autophagy.
HMGA1 zebrafish co-orthologue hmga1b can modulate p53-dependent cellular responses but is unable to control the alternative splicing of psen1
Authors: Nik Seyed Hani Moussavi , Newman Morgan , Lumsden Amanda , Jayne Tanya , Lardelli Michael 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe HIGH MOBILITY GROUP AT-HOOK 1 (HMGA1) family of chromatin-binding proteins plays important roles in cellular responses to low oxygen. HMGA1 proteins regulate gene activity both in the nucleus and within mitochondria. They are expressed mainly during embryogenesis and their upregulation in cancerous cells indicates poor prognosis. The human HMGA1a isoform is upregulated under hypoxia via oxidative stress-dependent signalling and can then bind nascent transcripts of the familial Alzheimer’s disease gene PSEN2 to regulate alternative splicing to produce the truncated PSEN2 protein isoform PS2V. Zebrafish where hmga1a expression is induced by hypoxia to control splicing of the psen1 gene to produce the PS2V-equivalent isoform PS1IV. Zebrafish possess a second gene with apparent HMGA1 orthology, hmga1b. Here we investigate the predicted structure of Hmga1b protein and demonstrate it to be co-orthologous to human HMGA1 and most similar in structure to human isoform HMGA1c. We show that forced over-expression of either hmga1a or hmga1b mRNA can suppress the action of the cytotoxin hydroxyurea in stimulating cell death and transcription of the genes mdm2 and cdkn1a that, in humans, are controlled by p53. Our experimental data support an important role for HMGA1 proteins in modulation of p53-dependent responses and illuminate the evolutionary subfunctionalisation.
Changes in genome organization of parasite-specific gene families during thePlasmodiumtransmission stages
Authors: Bunnik Evelien M. , Cook Kate B. , Varoquaux Nelle , Batugedara Gayani , Prudhomme Jacques , Shi Lirong , Andolina Chiara , Ross Leila S. , Brady Declan , Fidock David A. , Nosten Francois , Tewari Rita , Sinnis Photini , Ay Ferhat , Vert Jean-Philippe , Noble William Stafford , Le Roch Karine G. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe development of malaria parasites throughout their various life cycle stages is controlled by coordinated changes in gene expression. We previously showed that the three-dimensional organization of theP. falciparumgenome is strongly associated with gene expression during its replication cycle inside red blood cells. Here, we analyzed genome organization in theP. falciparumandP. vivaxtransmission stages. Major changes occurred in the localization and interactions of genes involved in pathogenesis and immune evasion, erythrocyte and liver cell invasion, sexual differentiation and master regulation of gene expression. In addition, we observed reorganization of subtelomeric heterochromatin around genes involved in host cell remodeling. Depletion of heterochromatin protein 1 (PfHP1) resulted in loss of interactions between virulence genes, confirming that PfHP1 is essential for maintenance of the repressive center. Overall, our results suggest that the three-dimensional genome structure is strongly connected with transcriptional activity of specific gene families throughout the life cycle of human malaria parasites.