bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Path Model “Why-What-How-When” to Implement an IC Reporting
Authors: Demartini Paola , Paoloni Paola 
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an empirical study and the critical success factors for implementing Intellectual Capital (IC) reporting. Selecting an IC model to be implemented in a specific context at a particular time depends on several contingent factors. In light of this, we propose the following “why-what-how-when” agenda, which will be applied in the case study:1. Why implement IC reporting in a specific context?2. What IC approach/tool is suitable to satisfy users’ informational needs?3. How is the quality of information? 4. When is information available?The research is qualitative and focused on a case study in order to understand the dynamics of a given process. The company analyzed designs and develops Large Systems for Homeland Protection.The analyzed case study shows that there isn’t “one best way” to report on intangibles. Thus, the main critical factors of the process investigated are the following: accurate identification of actors involved in the decision-making process; quality and availability of information.The case study allows us to analyze how changes in decision maker(s), users’ informational needs and information quality can impact the selection of the framework and its relative artifact/tool to be used to report on intangibles.
High Sensitive FBG Based Muscular Strain Sensor
Authors: Koozekanani R. D. , Makouei S. 
Published: May 2017

Assessment of biomechanical behavior of human musculoskeletal structure is essential to recognize bone diseases and to design proper medical devices. The skeleton system basically adapts to mechanical loadings. Thus, monitoring the bone deformation under load is of great importance to attain better analysis and interpretation. In recent years, Fiber Bragg Grating sensing devices have been developed and used to monitor strain and temperature of skeleton system. In this work a Fiber Bragg Grating sensor is designed holding a 1.54 pmµε-1 axial strain sensitivity which is almost 30% higher than the one achieved so far. The improvement in sensitivity is achieved by adjusting single-mode optical fiber parameters of the structure.
A mixed methods study of multiple health behaviors among individuals with stroke
Authors: Plow Matthew , Moore Shirley M. , Sajatovic Martha , Katzan Irene 
Published: May 2017

Background
Individuals with stroke often have multiple cardiovascular risk factors that necessitate promoting engagement in multiple health behaviors. However, observational studies of individuals with stroke have typically focused on promoting a single health behavior. Thus, there is a poor understanding of linkages between healthy behaviors and the circumstances in which factors, such as stroke impairments, may influence a single or multiple health behaviors.

Methods
We conducted a mixed methods convergent parallel study of 25 individuals with stroke to examine the relationships between stroke impairments and physical activity, sleep, and nutrition. Our goal was to gain further insight into possible strategies to promote multiple health behaviors among individuals with stroke. This study focused on physical activity, sleep, and nutrition because of their importance in achieving energy balance, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing cardiovascular risks. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected concurrently, with the former being prioritized over the latter. Qualitative data was prioritized in order to develop a conceptual model of engagement in multiple health behaviors among individuals with stroke. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed independently and then were integrated during the inference stage to develop meta-inferences. The 25 individuals with stroke completed closed-ended questionnaires on healthy behaviors and physical function. They also participated in face-to-face focus groups and one-to-one phone interviews.

Results
We found statistically significant and moderate correlations between hand function and healthy eating habits (r = 0.45), sleep disturbances and limitations in activities of daily living (r = − 0.55), BMI and limitations in activities of daily living (r = − 0.49), physical activity and limitations in activities of daily living (r = 0.41), mobility impairments and BMI (r = − 0.41), sleep disturbances and physical activity (r = − 0.48), sleep disturbances and BMI (r = 0.48), and physical activity and BMI (r = − 0.45). We identified five qualitative themes: (1) Impairments: reduced autonomy, (2) Environmental forces: caregivers and information, (3) Re-evaluation: priorities and attributions, (4) Resiliency: finding motivation and solutions, and (5) Negative affectivity: stress and self-consciousness. Three meta-inferences and a conceptual model described circumstances in which factors could influence single or multiple health behaviors.

Discussion
This is the first mixed methods study of individuals with stroke to elaborate on relationships between multiple health behaviors, BMI, and physical function. A conceptual model illustrates addressing sleep disturbances, activity limitations, self-image, and emotions to promote multiple health behaviors. We discuss the relevance of the meta-inferences in designing multiple behavior change interventions for individuals with stroke.
Conceptualizing holistic community resilience to climate events: Foundation for a climate resilience screening index
Authors: Summers J. Kevin , Smith Lisa M. , Harwell Linda C. , Buck Kyle D. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe concept of resilience has been evolving over the past decade as a way to address the current and future challenges nations, states, and cities face from a changing climate. Understanding how the environment (natural and built), climate event risk, societal interactions, and governance reflect community resilience for adaptive management is critical for envisioning urban and natural environments that can persist through extreme weather events and longer‐term shifts in climate. To be successful, this interaction of these five domains must result in maintaining quality of life and ensuring equal access to the benefits or the protection from harm for all segments of the population. An exhaustive literature review of climate resilience approaches was conducted examining the two primary elements of resilience—vulnerability and recoverability. The results of this review were examined to determine if any existing frameworks addressed the above five major areas in an integrated manner. While some aspects of a resilience model were available for existing sources, no comprehensive approach was available. A new conceptual model for resilience to climate events is proposed that incorporates some available structures and addresses these five domains at a national, regional, state, and county spatial scale for a variety of climate‐induced events ranging from superstorms to droughts and their concomitant events such as wildfires, floods, and pest invasions. This conceptual model will be developed in a manner that will permit comparisons among governance units (e.g., counties) and permit an examination of best reliance practices.
Transpolar arcs observed simultaneously in both hemispheres
Authors: Carter J. A. , Milan S. E. , Fear R. C. , Walach M.‐T. , Harrison Z. A. , Paxton L. J. , Hubert B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTwo coexisting transpolar arcs are observed on 31 August 2005. We track the formation and motion of the arcs in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, using data from two independent satellites (Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration and a Defence Meteorological Satellite Program satellite). The observations are supported by supplementary ground‐based ionospheric convection data from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network. The two arcs form during a period of northward interplanetary magnetic field. Following a change in the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field BY component from negative to positive, the dawnside arc traverses the polar cap to the duskside in the Northern Hemisphere. Over the same time period and in the Southern Hemisphere, the duskside arc traverses the polar cap to the dawnside. A complex magnetic field line topology resulting in the coexistence of two tongues of closed field lines protruding into the otherwise open polar cap is implied. We discuss these observations in terms of magnetic conjugacy and a model of transpolar arcs formation.
Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves
Authors: Johnson H. Paul , Gomberg Joan S. , Hautala Susan L. , Salmi Marie S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent great earthquakes and tsunamis around the world have heightened awareness of the inevitability of similar events occurring within the Cascadia Subduction Zone of the Pacific Northwest. We analyzed seafloor temperature, pressure, and seismic signals, and video stills of sediment‐enveloped instruments recorded during the 2011–2015 Cascadia Initiative experiment, and seafloor morphology. Our results led us to suggest that thick accretionary prism sediments amplified and extended seismic wave durations from the 11 April 2012 Mw8.6 Indian Ocean earthquake, located more than 13,500 km away. These waves triggered a sequence of small slope failures on the Cascadia margin that led to sediment gravity flows culminating in turbidity currents. Previous studies have related the triggering of sediment‐laden gravity flows and turbidite deposition to local earthquakes, but this is the first study in which the originating seismic event is extremely distant (> 10,000 km). The possibility of remotely triggered slope failures that generate sediment‐laden gravity flows should be considered in inferences of recurrence intervals of past great Cascadia earthquakes from turbidite sequences. Future similar studies may provide new understanding of submarine slope failures and turbidity currents and the hazards they pose to seafloor infrastructure and tsunami generation in regions both with and without local earthquakes.
Constraints on melt content of off‐axis magma lenses at the East Pacific Rise from analysis of 3‐D seismic amplitude variation with angle of incidence
Authors: Aghaei Omid , Nedimović Mladen R. , Marjanović Milena , Carbotte Suzanne M. , Pablo Canales J. , Carton Hélène , Nikić Nikola 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe use 3‐D multichannel seismic data to form partial angle P wave stacks and apply amplitude variation with angle (AVA) crossplotting to assess melt content and melt distribution within two large midcrustal off‐axis magma lenses (OAMLs) found along the East Pacific Rise from 9°37.5′N to 9°57′N. The signal envelope of the partial angle stacks suggests that both OAMLs are partially molten with higher average melt content and more uniform melt distribution in the southern OAML than in the northern OAML. For AVA crossplotting, the OAMLs are subdivided into seven ~1 km2 analysis windows. The AVA crossplotting results indicate that the OAMLs contain a smaller amount of melt than the axial magma lens (AML). For both OAMLs, a higher melt fraction is detected within analysis windows located close to the ridge axis than within the most distant windows. The highest average melt concentration is interpreted for the central sections of the OAMLs. The overall low OAML melt content could be indicative of melt lost due to recent off‐axis eruptions, drainage to the AML, or limited mantle melt supply. Based on the results of this and earlier bathymetric, morphological, geochemical, and geophysical investigations, we propose that the melt‐poor OAML state is largely the result of limited melt supply from the underlying mantle source reservoir with smaller contribution attributed to melt leakage to the AML. We hypothesize that the investigated OAMLs have a longer period of melt replenishment, lower eruption recurrence rates, and lower eruption volumes than the AML, though some could be single intrusion events.
Induced heterogeneity of soil water content and chemical properties by treated wastewater irrigation and its reclamation by freshwater irrigation
Authors: Rahav Matan , Brindt Naaran , Yermiyahu Uri , Wallach Rony 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe recognition of treated wastewater (TWW) as an alternative water resource is expanding in areas with a shortage of freshwater (FW) resources. Today, most orchards in Israel are irrigated with TWW. While the benefits of using TWW for irrigation are apparent, evidence of its negative effects on soil, trees, and yield is accumulating. This study, performed in a commercial TWW‐irrigated citrus orchard in central Israel, examined the effects of (1) soil‐wettability decrease due to prolonged TWW irrigation on the spatial and temporal distribution of water content and associated chemical properties in the root zone; (2) the conversion of irrigation in half of the TWW‐irrigated research plot to FW (2012) for soil reclamation. Electrical resistivity tomography surveys in the substantially water repellent soils revealed that water flow is occurring along preferential flow paths in both plots, leaving behind a considerably nonuniform water‐content distribution. This was despite the gradual relief in soil water repellency measured in the FW plots. Four soil‐sampling campaigns (spring and fall, 2014–2016), performed in 0–20 and 20–40 cm layers of the research plot, revealed bimodal gravimetrically measured water‐content distribution. The preferential flow led to uneven chemical‐property distribution, with substantially high concentrations in the dry spots, and lower concentrations in the wet spots along the preferential flow paths. The average salt and nutrient concentrations, which were initially high in both plots, gradually dispersed with time, as concentrations in the FW plots decreased. Nevertheless, the efficiency of reclaiming TWW soil by FW irrigation appears low.
Short‐term variations of Icelandic ice cap mass inferred from cGPS coordinate time series
Authors: Compton Kathleen , Bennett Richard A. , Hreinsdóttir Sigrún , van Dam Tonie , Bordoni Andrea , Barletta Valentina , Spada Giorgio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs the global climate changes, understanding short‐term variations in water storage is increasingly important. Continuously operating Global Positioning System (cGPS) stations in Iceland record annual periodic motion—the elastic response to winter accumulation and spring melt seasons—with peak‐to‐peak vertical amplitudes over 20 mm for those sites in the Central Highlands. Here for the first time for Iceland, we demonstrate the utility of these cGPS‐measured displacements for estimating seasonal and shorter‐term ice cap mass changes. We calculate unit responses to each of the five largest ice caps in central Iceland at each of the 62 cGPS locations using an elastic half‐space model and estimate ice mass variations from the cGPS time series using a simple least squares inversion scheme. We utilize all three components of motion, taking advantage of the seasonal motion recorded in the horizontal. We remove secular velocities and accelerations and explore the impact that seasonal motions due to atmospheric, hydrologic, and nontidal ocean loading have on our inversion results. Our results match available summer and winter mass balance measurements well, and we reproduce the seasonal stake‐based observations of loading and melting within the 1
confidence bounds of the inversion. We identify nonperiodic ice mass changes associated with interannual variability in precipitation and other processes such as increased melting due to reduced ice surface albedo or decreased melting due to ice cap insulation in response to tephra deposition following volcanic eruptions, processes that are not resolved with once or twice‐yearly stake measurements.
On the dynamics of flow past a cylinder: Implications for CTD package motions and measurements
Authors: Munday D. R. , Meredith M. P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDuring the collection of ship‐based observations, heaving of the vessel may lead to variation in the descent rate of a CTD package. This can result in the package being pulled upward through previously sampled water, leading to difficult to quantify errors due to the complex wake. To reduce this problem to one of manageable stature, we use the simple paradigm of two‐dimensional flow past a cylinder. By using a tracer with a gradient along the flow, we quantify the effect of the cylinder on its distribution and the impact of postprocessing. At high Reynolds numbers, over 200, uniform translation leads to a small error in the tracer value. This error is likely negligible at the much higher Reynolds number of the ocean. When the flow is oscillated longitudinally, there are two main sources of error; attached vortices may propagate around the cylinder and/or shed vortices may translate into the path of the cylinder. Postprocessing by removing records from previous pressure levels removes much of the first error, due to it occurring as the package ascends. However, the second source of error is more difficult to remove, due to it occurring when the package is once again descending. In general, results indicate that long‐period oscillations are preferable. While the magnitude of the errors are comparable to those from short‐period oscillations, they are spread farther apart in time and space and the overall effect is to localize the errors in small regions of the final depth profile.
Rapid shelf‐wide cooling response of a stratified coastal ocean to hurricanes
Authors: Seroka Greg , Miles Travis , Xu Yi , Kohut Josh , Schofield Oscar , Glenn Scott 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLarge uncertainty in the predicted intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) persists compared to the steadily improving skill in the predicted TC tracks. This intensity uncertainty has its most significant implications in the coastal zone, where TC impacts to populated shorelines are greatest. Recent studies have demonstrated that rapid ahead‐of‐eye‐center cooling of a stratified coastal ocean can have a significant impact on hurricane intensity forecasts. Using observation‐validated, high‐resolution ocean modeling, the stratified coastal ocean cooling processes observed in two U.S. Mid‐Atlantic hurricanes were investigated: Hurricane Irene (2011)—with an inshore Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) track during the late summer stratified coastal ocean season—and Tropical Storm Barry (2007)—with an offshore track during early summer. For both storms, the critical ahead‐of‐eye‐center depth‐averaged force balance across the entire MAB shelf included an onshore wind stress balanced by an offshore pressure gradient. This resulted in onshore surface currents opposing offshore bottom currents that enhanced surface to bottom current shear and turbulent mixing across the thermocline, resulting in the rapid cooling of the surface layer ahead‐of‐eye‐center. Because the same baroclinic and mixing processes occurred for two storms on opposite ends of the track and seasonal stratification envelope, the response appears robust. It will be critical to forecast these processes and their implications for a wide range of future storms using realistic 3‐D coupled atmosphere‐ocean models to lower the uncertainty in predictions of TC intensities and impacts and enable coastal populations to better respond to increasing rapid intensification threats in an era of rising sea levels.
Land adjacency effects on MODIS Aqua top‐of‐atmosphere radiance in the shortwave infrared: Statistical assessment and correction
Authors: Feng Lian , Hu Chuanmin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSatellite measurements of coastal or inland waters near land/water interfaces suffer from land adjacency effects (LAEs), particularly in the short‐wave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths. Here a statistical method was developed to quantify the LAEs as the ratio of top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) total radiance (Lt, W m−2 µm−1 sr−1) between near‐shore pixels and LAE‐free offshore pixels (>12 pixels away from land). The calculations were conducted using MODIS Aqua images between 2003 and 2012 over the Madagascar Island, with results showing the dependency of LAEs on different environmental and observational factors. The LAEs decrease dramatically with increasing distance from shoreline, and increase with decreasing aerosol optical thickness at 869 nm (τ869). The nearby land surface albedo also plays a role in modulating the LAEs, but the impact is only prominent under low‐aerosol conditions. Based on these observations, a look‐up‐table (LUT) to formulate a correction scheme was established. Tests of the correction scheme using satellite observations over the Hawaii Islands and using in situ measurements in the Chesapeake Bay show significant improvements in Lt (LAEs much closer to 1 than uncorrected data) and retrieved surface chlorophyll‐a concentration (Chl‐a, mg m−3), respectively. Furthermore, the number of Chl‐a retrievals within the range of 0–64 mg m−3 also increases by >60%. While the ultimate solution of correcting the LAEs for coastal/inland water applications still requires further work, these preliminary results suggest that the method proposed here deserves further tests for other estuaries and lakes.
Cultural Interpretations of Global Information? Hindsight Bias after Reading Wikipedia Articles across Cultures
Authors: von der Beck Ina , Oeberst Aileen , Cress Ulrike , Nestler Steffen 
Published: May 2017

Summary: Hindsight bias is the mistaken belief that an outcome could have been foreseen once it is known. But what happens after learning about an event? Can reading biased media amplify hindsight distortions? And do people from different cultural backgrounds — with different cognitive thinking styles — draw equal conclusions from equal media reports? We report two studies with Wikipedia articles and samples from different cultures (Study 1: Germany, Singapore, USA, Vietnam, Japan, Sweden, N = 446; Study 2: USA, Vietnam, N = 144). Participants read one of two article versions (foresight and hindsight) about the Fukushima Nuclear Plant and estimated the likelihood, inevitability, and foreseeability of the nuclear disaster. Reading the hindsight article increased individuals' hindsight bias independently of analytic or holistic thinking style. Having excluded survey language as potential impact factor (Study 2), this result remains. Our findings extend prior research on hindsight bias by demonstrating the amplifying effect of additional (biased) information on hindsight bias. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Desulfitative 6π Electrocyclization: Efficient Synthesis of Diverse 4‐Aminoquinolines
Authors: Shi Lou , Pan Ling , Li Yifei , Liu Qun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe C−C bond formation via C−S bond activation (disclosed in 2000) has received increasing attention. However, stoichiometric amounts of exogenous thiophilic reagents are generally required as thiolate scavengers. Herein, a new model for the synthesis of 4‐aminoquinolines, the copper(II)‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative desulfitative 6π cyclization of the readily available N‐arylimino ketene N,S‐acetals is described. The reaction can proceed efficiently under mild conditions without any exogeneous thiolate scavengers (due to the formation of disulfide as the by‐product) to afford diverse 4‐aminoquinolines, a privileged structure motif displaying antimalarial activity, with a wide range of functional groups at the C‐2 to C‐8 positions.magnified image