bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staged‐scale restoration: Refining adaptive management to improve restoration effectiveness
Authors: Bakker Jonathan D. , Delvin Eric G. , Dunwiddie Peter W. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Adaptive management (AM) was proposed as a rigourous and structured approach to natural resource management that increases learning and reduces uncertainty. It has been adopted as a guiding principle by agencies world‐wide, yet its usefulness for guiding management continues to be debated. We propose a new strategy, which we term staged‐scale restoration (SSR), to implement AM in a restoration setting while enhancing the scientific rigour, ecological effectiveness and overall efficiency of restoration efforts compared to traditional applications of AM.

The SSR approach includes three aspects: (1) experimentally assessing alternative restoration techniques directly on‐site in replicated plots using operational‐scale equipment, (2) staging, or the successive establishment and evaluation of treated areas over time and (3) scaling, whereby the most successful techniques identified during earlier stages are applied to increasingly larger areas in later stages. A case study illustrates how SSR was used to improve prairie restoration in western Washington, USA.

Staged‐scale restoration provides several key advantages. It includes a robust experimental design and thus improves the scientific rigour of AM. It is conducted on‐site using operational‐scale equipment and thus increases the effectiveness of treatments while also providing a platform for refining existing treatments. SSR facilitates collaboration among researchers and managers. By promoting advanced planning and deferring much of the area to be treated to the latter years of a project, SSR reduces the risk of restoration failure. Finally, it is extremely flexible: it can be implemented at multiple sites or years, the number and types of treatments to be assessed can be customized and the pace of restoration can be varied.

Synthesis and applications. Staged‐scale restoration addresses many of the criticisms that have been directed at conventional adaptive management (AM) and provides a scientifically rigourous strategy to improve restoration while customizing treatments for individual sites. It explicitly enables restoration projects to be conducted within an adaptive management framework, and clearly and intentionally integrates ecological research into restoration efforts. We urge the restoration community to explore the utility of staged‐scale restoration in diverse socioeconomic circumstances and ecosystems.
MicroRNA‐26a inhibits proliferation and tumorigenesis via targeting CKS2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Zhiyan , Lu Baocai , Li Xiao , Miao Wenjie , Li Jin , Shi Yongjuan , Yu Wenfa 
Published: November 2017

SummaryLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers, with high mortality and incidence. MicroRNA‐26a (miR‐26a) is involved in the development and progression of several tumours. However, the roles of miR‐26a and its target CKS2 in LSCC progression are not yet clear. The mRNA and protein expression was determined using RT‐PCR and Western blotting assay, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected using a Cell Counting kit‐8 assay (CCK‐8). Transwell assay was used to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was applied to determine the relationship between miR‐26a and CKS2. In addition, a tumour xenograft model in nude mice was established to further determine the effects of miR‐26a on tumourigenesis. In this study, we found that miR‐26a level was down‐regulated in LSCC tissues and cell lines, while CKS2 expression was increased. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was suppressed by miR‐26a overexpression, but enhanced by inhibition of miR‐26a. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that CKS2 is a direct target of miR‐26a in AMC‐HN‐8 cells. Overexpression of miR‐26a caused a significant reduction in CKS2 expression, and reinforced expression of CKS2 abolished the tumour‐suppressive function of miR‐26a. Moreover, miR‐26a inhibited tumour growth in vivo. Taken together, miR‐26a inhibited proliferation and tumourigenesis of LSCC via targeting CKS2 in vitro and in vivo.
Identification of a pyridine derivative inducing senescence in ovarian cancer cell lines via P21 activation
Authors: Shang Dongsheng , Wu Yanfang , Ding Ya , Lu Ziwen , Shen Yanting , Zhu Feifei , Liu Hanqing , Zhu Chunyin , Tu Zhigang 
Published: November 2017

SummaryCellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell growth arrest. Increasing evidence suggests that cellular senescence contribute to tumour suppression in vivo. However, only a few anti‐cancer drugs have been discovered to induce cellular senescence. Searching for new compounds which can inhibit cancer cell growth by inducing senescence is becoming one of the most attractive research fields. To test the effects of candidate compounds on cancer cell growth, cell proliferation assays, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining, and flow cytometry assay were performed. Immunofluorescence, western blot, and qRT‐PCR experiments were used to further study the molecular mechanisms of the candidate compounds. We demonstrated that a pyridine derivative, 4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐5, 6, 7, 8‐tetrahydroquinoline (FPTHQ), from a pool of 46 compounds can induce senescence of ovarian cancer cells in a dose‐dependent manner. FPTHQ caused growth inhibition by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in A2780 cells. Increased activities of SA‐β‐gal were observed in FPTHQ‐treated A2780, OVCAR‐3 and SKOV‐3 cell lines. In addition, FPTHQ treatment increased the protein levels of MMP3 and the mRNA levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in A2780 cells, indicating the appearance of senescence‐associated secretary phenotype (SASP) in the cells. Furthermore, we found that p21 was up‐regulated and DNA damage was accumulated in FPTHQ‐treated ovarian cancer cells. So far, our data suggest that FPTHQ can induce senescence in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines through activation of p21 signalling pathway by causing excessive DNA damage.
Estimation of the spillover effect between patents and innovation using the GARCH–BEKK model
Authors: Mumtaz Muhammad Z. , Smith Zachary A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study examines the mean and variance spillovers between patents filed and total factor productivity in Pakistan during the period lasting from 1964 to 2015. Using the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic–Baba, Engle, Kraft and Kroner (GARCH–BEKK) model, we find no evidence of mean spillover effects between patents filed and productivity growth. However, the results support the existence of the variance spillover effect, which illustrates that the innovations may affect productivity in the long‐run. Moreover, bidirectional causality in the mean and variance between innovation and productivity growth is non‐existent. We find that R&D/GDP, skilled labour force and economic freedom are the significant factors affecting technological advancements in the country. We also determine that R&D/GDP and economic freedom are the important factors affecting patent activities in Pakistan. Our findings suggest that the government needs to emphasize the regulations of the patent system to safeguard the interests of investors, which ultimately promotes economic growth.
Association between smoking and glycemic control in diabetic patients: Results from the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: A lONgitudinal (REACTION) study
Authors: Peng Kui , Chen Gang , Liu Chao , Mu Yiming , Ye Zhen , Shi Lixin , Zhao Jiajun , Chen Lulu , Li Qiang , Yang Tao , Yan Li , Wan Qin , Wu Shengli , Wang Guixia , Luo Zuojie , Tang Xulei , Huo Yanan , Gao Zhengnan , Su Qing , Wang Youmin , Qin Guijun , Deng Huacong , Yu Xuefeng , Shen Feixia , Chen Li , Zhao Liebin , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Chen Yuhong , Lu Jieli , Lin Lin , Du Rui , Dai Meng , Li Mian , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Zhang Di , Bi Yufang , Li Donghui , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang ,   on behalf of the REACTION Study Group
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundA number of primary studies suggested that active smoking could be independently associated with incident diabetes. However less is known about the effect of active smoking and smoking cessation on glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of active smoking and smoking cessation with glycemic control in diabetic patients.MethodsThe present was a cross‐sectional study of 10 551 men and 15 297 women with diabetes from the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. Risk factors for glycemic control and the association of active smoking with glycemic control were evaluated using logistic regression models. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥7.0%.ResultsCurrent smokers have an increased risk of poor glycemic control, and the multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of HbA1c ≥7.0% with current smoking were 1.49 (1.35–1.66) in men and 1.56 (1.13–2.15) in women. Further analysis demonstrated a dose‐dependent relationship between active smoking and the risk of poor glycemic control in men. Former smokers who quit smoking for <10 years remained at increased risk of poor glycemic control, with the risk leveling off after 10 years of smoking cessation compared with non‐smokers, but risk in former smokers was significantly lower than that in current smokers.ConclusionsActive smoking is a modifiable risk factor for poor glycemic control in Chinese diabetic patients.
Cellular aging dynamics after acute malaria infection: A 12‐month longitudinal study
Authors: Asghar Muhammad , Yman Victor , Homann Manijeh Vafa , Sondén Klara , Hammar Ulf , Hasselquist Dennis , Färnert Anna 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAccelerated cellular aging and reduced lifespan have recently been shown in birds chronically infected with malaria parasites. Whether malaria infection also affects cellular aging in humans has not been reported. Here, we assessed the effect of a single acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection on cellular aging dynamics in travelers prospectively followed over one year in Sweden. DNA and RNA were extracted from venous blood collected at the time of admission and repeatedly up to one year. Telomere length was measured using real‐time quantitative PCR, while telomerase activity and CDKN2A expression were measured by reverse transcriptase (RT)–qPCR. Our results show that acute malaria infection affects cellular aging as reflected by elevated levels of CDKN2A expression, lower telomerase activity, and substantial telomere shortening during the first three months postinfection. After that CDKN2A expression declined, telomerase activity increased and telomere length was gradually restored over one year, reflecting that cellular aging was reversed. These findings demonstrate that malaria infection affects cellular aging and the underlying cellular mechanism by which pathogens can affect host cellular aging and longevity need to be elucidated. Our results urge the need to investigate whether repeated malaria infections have more pronounced and long‐lasting effects on cellular aging and lifespan (similarly to what was observed in birds) in populations living in malaria endemic areas.
White matter maturation during 12 months in individuals at ultra‐high‐risk for psychosis
Authors: Krakauer K. , Nordentoft M. , Glenthøj B. Y. , Raghava J. M. , Nordholm D. , Randers L. , Glenthøj L. B. , Ebdrup B. H. , Rostrup E. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThe neurodevelopmental hypothesis of psychosis suggests that disrupted white matter (WM) maturation underlies disease onset. In this longitudinal study, we investigated WM connectivity and compared WM changes between individuals at ultra‐high‐risk for psychosis (UHR) and healthy controls (HCs).MethodThirty UHR individuals and 23 HCs underwent MR diffusion tensor imaging before and after 12 months of non‐manualized standard care. Positive and negative symptoms and level of functioning were assessed. Tract‐based spatial statistics were employed.ResultsDuring 12 months, none of the UHR individuals transitioned to psychosis. Both UHR individuals and HCs increased significantly in fractional anisotropy (FA). UHR individuals showed significant FA increases predominantly in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) (P = 0.01), and HCs showed significant FA increases in the left uncinate fasciculus (P = 0.03). Within UHR individuals, a significant positive correlation between FA change and age was observed predominantly in the left SLF (P = 0.02). Within HCs, no significant correlation between FA change and age was observed. No significant correlations between baseline FA and clinical outcomes were observed; however, FA changes were significantly positively correlated to changes in negative symptoms (P = 0.04).ConclusionAs normal brain maturation occurs in a posterior to frontal direction, our findings could suggest disturbed WM maturation in UHR individuals.
Assessment of risk behaviors in patients with opioid prescriptions: A study of indiana's inspect data
Authors: Greene Marion S. , Chambers Robert Andrew , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Wright Eric R. , Steele Gregory K. , Zollinger Terrell W. 
Published: November 2017

Background and ObjectivesPrescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) can serve as screening tools and support the clinical decision‐making process in patients receiving opioids. The objective of the study was to utilize 2014 INSPECT (Indiana's PDMP) data to identify factors that increase patients’ likelihood to engage in opioid‐related risk behaviors.MethodsBased on a literature review, four risk behaviors were identified: Receiving >90 morphine milligram equivalents (MME), having >4 opioid prescribers, obtaining opioids from >4 pharmacies, and concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines. Two binary logistic regression analyses (engaging in at least one risk behaviors; engaging in all four risk behaviors) and an ordinal regression analysis (engaging in 0–4 risk behaviors) were conducted to identify factors associated with these opioid‐related risk behaviors.ResultsOf the 1,538,120 unique opioid patients included in the study, 18.4% engaged in one, 5.3% in two, 1.6% in three, and .4% in all four risk behaviors. Depending on the model, prescribing a second monthly opioid increased patients’ odds to engage in risk behaviors by a factor of 10 or more and prescribing two or more benzodiazepines annually increased the odds at least 13‐fold.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceAbout one‐fourth of all patients consuming opioids engaged in one or more risk behaviors; higher number of opioid prescriptions and addition of even a small number of benzodiazepine prescriptions dramatically increased these odds. PDMPs can be helpful in identifying opioid users at high‐risk for misuse. This information could be used to target efforts to reduce the prescription drug epidemic. (Am J Addict 2017;26:822–829)
Buprenorphine‐naloxone treatment responses differ between young adults with heroin and prescription opioid use disorders
Authors: Romero‐Gonzalez Mauricio , Shahanaghi Abtin , DiGirolamo Gregory J. , Gonzalez Gerardo 
Published: November 2017

Background and ObjectivesOpioid use disorder among young adults is rising sharply with an increase in morbidity and mortality. This study examined differences in treatment response to a fixed dose of buprenorphine‐naloxone between heroin (HU) and prescriptions opioids (POU) users.MethodsEighty opioid dependent young adults (M = 22 years) were treated with buprenorphine‐naloxone 16–4 mg/day for 8 weeks. Differences between HU (N = 17) and POU (N = 63) on changes in weekly opioid use, opioid craving, withdrawal, and depression symptoms were analyzed with mixed‐effects regression models.ResultsThe HU had an overall mean proportion of weekly opioid use of .32 (SD = .14) compared to POU's weekly mean of .24 (SD = .15) showing a significant main effect (Z = 2.21, p = .02). Depressive symptoms (CES‐D scores) were elevated at baseline for both groups (HU: M = 23.1, SD = 11.9; PO: M = 22.2, SD = 9.4), but only POU improved significantly to a score of 9.88 (SD = 7.4) compared to HU's score of 18.58 (SD = 10.3) at week 8 (Z = 2.24, p = .02). There were no significant differences in treatment retention, craving, or withdrawal symptoms.Discussion and ConclusionsTreatment response to 16‐4 mg/day of buprenorphine–naloxone was significantly diminished for heroin users relative to opioid prescription users in weekly opioid use. Heroin users also had persistent depressive symptoms suggesting the need for close monitoring.Scientific SignificanceThese data suggest that young heroin users might require higher doses of buprenorphine. (Am J Addict 2017;26:838–844)
Palliative care in residential aged care: An overview
Authors: Butler Juliet 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo measure how care needs, health and length of stay in permanent residential aged care differs by assessed need for palliative care.MethodsOn entry into permanent residential aged care, people's care needs and health conditions are assessed on the Aged Care Funding Instrument. Data for the period 2008–2009 and 2015–2016 were analysed for trends in care needs, health conditions, length of stay and separation reason across assessed need for palliative care.ResultsAssessed care needs have increased for all people in residential aged care over this period, and people appraised for palliative care were more likely to be rated ‘high’ in need for support in activities of daily living. People appraised for palliative care had a higher prevalence of cancer and shorter length of stays.ConclusionPalliative care appraisal is associated with increased complexity in assessed care needs, different profiles of health and shorter length of stays in permanent residential aged care.
“Milk Has Gone”: Dietary Change and Human Adaptability in Karamoja, Uganda
Authors: Gray Sandra , Sundal Mary B. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis article examines changes in dietary strategies among Karimojong agropastoralists in northeast Uganda. We recorded food selection, procurement, processing, and consumption in twenty‐eight female‐headed Karimojong households during a four‐month period in 2004. Plant foods comprised the bulk of the diet, whereas less than 12 percent of dietary intake came from the herds. Milk contributed no more than 5 percent of total dietary energy. These findings present a striking contrast with ethnographic reports of the Karimojong and related Turkana pastoralists in the mid‐ to late twentieth century. We argue that dietary change, particularly the lack of milk and butterfat in most households, is symptomatic of a weakened pastoralist sector—a consequence of the convergence of multiple external and internal stressors. We conclude that the disruption of the pastoralist system, the lack of sustainable alternatives, and the growing dependency on agriculture have set the Karimojong on a trajectory toward permanent impoverishment, compromising human adaptability and population resilience. [African pastoralists, livelihood change, dietary strategies]
Neuroplasticity following short‐term strength training occurs at supraspinal level and is specific for the trained task
Authors: Giboin L.‐S. , Weiss B. , Thomas F. , Gruber M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsDifferent modalities of strength training cause performance enhancements, which are specific for the trained task. However, the involved mechanisms are still largely unknown. It has been demonstrated that strength training could induce neuroplasticity, which might underlie the performance improvements during the first training sessions. Thus, we hypothesized to find task‐specific neuroplasticity after a short‐term strength training of two distinct strength tasks.MethodsYoung healthy male subjects were exposed to 4 sessions of either maximal isometric explosive (EXPL group, N = 9) or slow sustained (SUS group, N = 10) knee extensions. Pre‐ and post‐training, we measured H‐reflexes and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the vastus lateralis (VL) at the onset of both strength tasks.ResultsPre‐ and post‐training, H‐reflexes remained unchanged in both groups. MEP areas were lower in the trained task in both groups and remained unchanged in the untrained task.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that short‐term strength training induces specific neuroplasticity for the trained task only. The fact that MEPs were lower but H‐reflex amplitudes remained unchanged at the onset of the trained tasks suggests that strength training elicited neuroplasticity at supraspinal level that most likely reflect an improved task‐specific corticospinal efficiency.
The full spectrum of Castleman disease: 273 patients studied over 20 years
Authors: Oksenhendler Eric , Boutboul David , Fajgenbaum David , Mirouse Adrien , Fieschi Claire , Malphettes Marion , Vercellino Laetitia , Meignin Véronique , Gérard Laurence , Galicier Lionel 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe spectrum of Castleman disease (CD) has considerably extended since its first description in 1956. Recently, an international collaborative working group has reached consensus on the diagnostic criteria and classification of CD. We herein report 273 patients with lymph node histopathology consistent with CD and investigate the newly established diagnostic criteria. Twenty of these patients with Castleman‐like histopathology were removed from analyses, because they were diagnosed with an exclusionary disorder (18 with haematological malignancy). Among the 253 remaining patients, 57 were considered unicentric CD (UCD), 169 were multicentric CD associated with Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8+MCD), including 140 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and 29 patients without HIV infection, and 27 were HHV‐8 negative/idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD). 2‐(18F)fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was useful in 62 patients for staging/classification of the disease and for excluding associated lymphoma. UCD was mainly associated with hyaline‐vascular histopathological features, and most patients were asymptomatic. Of the 27 patients that we had originally diagnosed with iMCD, 26 met the newly established diagnostic criteria. Patients with iMCD and HHV‐8+ MCD demonstrated similar characteristics, including fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia and inflammatory symptoms. However, the disease was more aggressive in HHV‐8+ MCD, particularly in HIV‐infected patients.
Fetal haemoglobin induction in sickle cell disease
Authors: Paikari Alireza , Sheehan Vivien A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryFetal haemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) induction has long been an area of investigation, as it is known to ameliorate the clinical complications of sickle cell disease (SCD). Progress in identifying novel HbF‐inducing strategies has been stymied by limited understanding of gamma (γ)–globin regulation. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified variants in BCL11A and HBS1L‐MYB that are associated with HbF levels. Functional studies have established the roles of BCL11A, MYB, and KLF1 in γ–globin regulation, but this information has not yielded new pharmacological agents. Several drugs are under investigation in clinical trials as HbF‐inducing agents, but hydroxycarbamide remains the only widely used pharmacologic therapy for SCD. Autologous transplant of edited haematopoietic stem cells holds promise as a cure for SCD, either through HbF induction or correction of the causative mutation, but several technical and safety hurdles must be overcome before this therapy can be offered widely, and pharmacological therapies are still needed.