bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations based on the particle swarm optimization and their applications to the predictability problems
Authors: Zheng Qin , Yang Zubin , Sha Jianxin , Yan Jun 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In predictability problem research, the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) describes the initial perturbation that satisfies a certain constraint condition and causes the largest prediction error at the prediction time. The CNOP has been successfully applied in estimation of the lower bound of maximum predictable time (LBMPT). Generally, CNOPs are calculated by a gradient descent algorithm based on the adjoint model, which is called ADJ-CNOP. This study, through the two-dimensional Ikeda model, investigates the impacts of the nonlinearity on ADJ-CNOP and the corresponding precision problems when using ADJ-CNOP to estimate the LBMPT. Our conclusions are that (1) when the initial perturbation is large or the prediction time is long, the strong nonlinearity of the dynamical model in the prediction variable will lead to failure of the ADJ-CNOP method, and (2) when the objective function has multiple extreme values, ADJ-CNOP has a large probability of producing local CNOPs, hence making a false estimation of the LBMPT. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, one kind of intelligent algorithm, is introduced to solve this problem. The method using PSO to compute CNOP is called PSO-CNOP. The results of numerical experiments show that even with a large initial perturbation and long prediction time, or when the objective function has multiple extreme values, PSO-CNOP can always obtain the global CNOP. Since the PSO algorithm is a heuristic search algorithm based on the population, it can overcome the impact of nonlinearity and the disturbance from multiple extremes of the objective function. In addition, to check the estimation accuracy of the LBMPT presented by PSO-CNOP and ADJ-CNOP, we partition the constraint domain of initial perturbations into sufficiently fine grid meshes and take the LBMPT obtained by the filtering method as a benchmark. The result shows that the estimation presented by PSO-CNOP is closer to the true value than the one by ADJ-CNOP with the forecast time increasing.
CONSUMO ALIMENTAR, PESO CORPORAL E PERFIL BIOQUÍMICO DE RATOS TRATADOS COM DIFERENTES TIPOS DE ADOÇANTES
Authors: Melo Sandra Soares , Cechinel Camile Cecconi , Gern Bruno Hoeltgebaum , Kunz Francesca Paula , Wilke Gabriela Dors , Jurcevic Jocilene Demétrio 
Published: February 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do uso de diferentes tipos de adoçantes sobre o peso corporal, consumo alimentar e perfil bioquímico de ratos. Material e Métodos: Foram estudados 42 ratos Wistar, distribuídos em Grupos: – Controle (C); Estévia (ES);
Sucralose (SU); Aspartame (AS); Ciclamato/Sacarina (CS); Extrato de Agave (EA). Durante 28 dias foram registrados: consumo alimentar, hídrico, peso corporal, excreção urinária e fecal. O sangue foi utilizado para determinar o perfil bioquímico. Resultados: O
Grupo CS apresentou menor média de consumo alimentar em relação ao ES. Os Grupos CS e EA apresentaram menores concentrações de triglicerídeos quando comparados a C e ES. Todos os Grupos, exceto ES apresentaram menores concentrações de colesterol total comparados ao Grupo C. Todos apresentaram concentrações de HDL–colesterol menores em relação ao C. Os Grupos AS, CS e EA exibiram menores concentrações de
creatinina comparado ao C e SU. Conclusão: ES proporcionou maior consumo alimentar e concentrações de creatinina, e concentrações reduzidas de HDL-c, entretanto, apresentou menor sobrecarga hepática em relação ao adoçante extrato de agave.
Understanding “nostalgic inequality”: A critical analysis of barriers to Latinos’ healthy eating practices in the United States
Authors: Viladrich Anahi 
Published: February 2017

Based on two mixed-methods studies conducted with first and second generation Latinas in New York City (NYC), this article questions simplistic notions of acculturation by stressing the impact of structural conditions (at the individual, social and physical levels) in determining Latinas’ food practices in the United States (U.S.). The term “nostalgic inequality” is used here to argue that Latinas’ retention of, and adaptation to, their traditional staples (i.e., nostalgic foods) tends to favor affordable and fat-saturated items (e.g., fried and processed foods) that through time contribute to higher rates of obesity and cardiovascular disease, among other deleterious health conditions. In the end, this review is aimed at raising awareness about the barriers to healthy eating experienced by disadvantaged minority groups in the U.S. urban milieu.
Dancing with the Dragon: Orality and (body) language(s) in a live performance of Beowulf
Authors: Kaplan Jeff 
Published: February 2017

This paper theorizes on the function of language and embodiment in northern European storytelling through a self-reflex analysis of the author’s experience performing Beowulf in its original dialect, as a solo, while dancing. Beowulf is Min Nama involved memorizing approximately 80 minutes of the medieval Beowulf epic in its original West Anglo-Saxon dialect (lines 2200—2766, Beowulf’s encounter with the dragon). Grappling with bardic verse for recitation in experimental live performance uncovered new facets in ancient performance texts. Working with the Beowulf poem for stage revealed the mnemonic quality of alliteration, the pervasive use of rhythmic patterns to signal shifts in ideas (a strategy similar to West African dance), and perhaps “deep rhythms” present in medieval northern Europe. As impetus for choreography, the verse contains rhythmic information, corresponding to musical/dance concepts such as pick-ups, counterpoint, and syncopation. Beowulf is Min Nama also required a theory of dialect for Old English, which the author based on modern Swedish, medieval Frisian, and modern Frisian — especially the voices of Frisian poets Tsjêbbe Hettinga and Albertina Soepboer. The project thus provides an entrée into the nexus between ancient and modern storytelling, and concludes that contemporary Frisian poetry represents a direct inheritor to ancient solo performance forms.
The effect of moisture source and synoptic conditions on precipitation isotopes in arid central Asia
Authors: Wang Shengjie , Zhang Mingjun , Crawford Jagoda , Hughes Catherine E. , Du Mingxia , Liu Xuemei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe stable isotope composition of precipitation has been widely applied to trace moisture sources. In the westerly dominated areas of central Asia, the isotopic composition of precipitation significantly correlates with surface air temperature, and the temperature effect is widely accepted. However, the significance of isotopes in tracing water vapor source is not clear for this region, and a further investigation using event‐based observations is still needed. Based on a network around the Tianshan Mountains, the westerly regime of precipitation isotopes is investigated. Although the seasonality of precipitation isotopes for the northern and southern basins of the Tianshan Mountains is similar, the more arid climate and leeward landform of the southern basin lead to weak moisture transport and relatively enriched oxygen isotopes. Of the synoptic systems resulting in heavy precipitation, the central Asian vortex more commonly leads to depleted isotopic ratios in precipitation, which is related to the contribution of northerly moisture and/or surface moisture. The specific humidity‐adjusted Lagrangian diagnostic indicates that the heavy precipitation on the southern basin stations usually has relatively local moisture sources in this arid climate and that terrestrial moisture evaporated from Europe and central Asia, rather than marine moisture from the Atlantic Ocean, is more likely to be the direct moisture source. A sensitivity analysis for target height and adjusting threshold of specific humidity is also applied to the improved Lagrangian diagnostic. Overall, the findings were unaffected by different conditions, and the moisture was more likely to be locally sourced, as indicated by higher specific humidity thresholds.
Global‐scale river network extraction based on high‐resolution topography and constrained by lithology, climate, slope, and observed drainage density
Authors: Schneider A. , Jost A. , Coulon C. , Silvestre M. , Théry S. , Ducharne A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo improve the representation of surface and groundwater flows, global land surface models rely heavily on high‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). River pixels are routinely defined as pixels with drainage areas that are greater than a critical drainage area (Acr). This parameter is usually uniform across the globe, and the dependence of drainage density on many environmental factors is often overlooked. Using the 15″ HydroSHEDS DEM as an example, we propose the calibration of a spatially variable Acr as a function of slope, lithology, and climate, to match drainage densities from reference river networks at a 1:50,000 scale in France and Australia. Two variable Acr models with varying complexities were derived from the calibration, with satisfactory performances compared to the reference river networks. Intermittency assessment is also proposed. With these simple tools, river networks with natural heterogeneities at the 1:50,000 scale can be extracted from any DEM.
Variability of diurnal tide in the MLT region over Tirunelveli (8.7°N), India: Consistency between ground‐ and space‐based observations
Authors: Singh Dupinder , Gurubaran S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAtmospheric tides propagating upward into the mesosphere‐lower thermosphere region carry the variability from the lower atmosphere and influence the energy and momentum budgets of this region and above. A comprehensive understanding of these variabilities thus becomes important. In this work, we study the seasonal and interannual variabilities of the diurnal tides, in particular, the migrating DW1 (westward, wave number 1) tide and the nonmigrating DE3 (eastward, wave number 3) tide from two different platforms. Long‐term observations from the MF radar at Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E) constitute one data set. Temperature and wind data from Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and TIMED Doppler Interferometer observations from the TIMED satellite mission constitute the other. Continuous radar observations yield long data records with high temporal resolution. Space‐based observations, on the other hand, are relatively short but provide spatiotemporal information, the latter being useful in separating migrating and nonmigrating components. In this work, the consistency between the tidal signatures obtained from the ground‐ and space‐based platforms is examined and subtle differences between the two data sets are brought out. One particular feature pertains to a possible solar cycle influence on the diurnal tide, a feature which is more prominently seen in radar observations, though restricted to a certain epoch of the solar cycle. A solar cycle dependence of the zonal mean densities observed in satellite data sets at similar altitudes appears to be a plausible source for the observed solar cycle signature in the diurnal tide, although the role of other agencies in modulating the diurnal tide activity in the solar cycle time periods cannot be ruled out.
Implementation of antenna space and beam diversities in a K band FMCW radar system for the short‐range vehicular detections
Authors: Chou Hsi‐Tseng , Chang Tsang‐Pin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the design of a frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system for the short‐range vehicle detections at K band. The antenna system employs phased arrays to control the radiation patterns to simplify the signal process complexity, which are implemented separately for the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX), respectively. In particular, the space and angular beam diversities are implemented for RX channels to enhance the detection accuracy. The system is implemented at 24.125 GHz with a bandwidth of 250 MHz, which is used to realize a linear frequency modulation with a TX power of 1 mW. The detection is determined by considering the peak values of signal responses obtained by performing the fast Fourier transform over the signals received by the two RX channels. In this paper, the system architecture is first overviewed, the antenna designs are afterward presented to show their radiation characteristics, and finally, the system is experimentally examined to demonstrate the feasibility.
Focusing of internal tides by near‐inertial waves
Authors: Cuypers Y. , Bouruet‐Aubertot P. , Vialard J. , McPhaden M. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe refraction of internal waves by lower‐frequency near‐inertial waves has been predicted theoretically, but never observed before. Here, we report observations of semi‐diurnal internal tides generated by the rough topography of the Central Indian Ridge, in the presence of a strong, lower‐frequency near‐inertial wave field generated by a tropical storm. The semi‐diurnal internal tide energy is trapped within upward propagating bands with a periodicity close to the inertial period. A ray‐tracing model suggests that this trapping results from the internal tide refraction by the shear associated with near‐inertial waves. This yields a strong increase of the internal tide energy and shear in space‐time regions where the background flow focuses the rays, leading to the formation of caustics. This mechanism may increase vertical mixing generated by baroclinic tides in the vicinity of mid‐ocean ridges in tropical regions.
Why does the MJO detour the Maritime Continent during austral summer?
Authors: Kim Daehyun , Kim Hyerim , Lee Myong‐In 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEastward propagation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) detours the Maritime Continent (MC) region southward during austral summer, exhibiting enhanced convective activity preferentially in the southern part of the MC area with much weaker anomalies in the central MC area. Column‐integrated moist static energy budget of the MJO is analyzed to understand the processes responsible for the MJO detouring. Results show that zonal and meridional moisture advection is the essential process to the MJO detouring, causing the difference between the southern and central MC regions in the moisture recharge before and during the MJO onset. Further analysis reveals that moisture advection by MJO perturbation winds acting upon the background moisture gradient has the dominant contribution to the regional contrast between the central and southern MC areas. The zonal moisture advection is greater in the southern MC region because the zonal gradient of the background moisture field is much steeper in the southern MC area than in the central MC area. The onset of the Australian monsoon in austral summer contributes to the establishment of the sharp zonal moisture gradient in the southern MC region. The meridional moisture advection is weaker in the central MC area because meridional wind anomalies associated with the MJO vary regionally, presumably through interactions with the topography and land‐sea contrast.
Quasinormal modes of BTZ black hole and Hawking‐like radiation in graphene
Authors: Kandemir B. S. , Ertem Ümit 
Published: February 2017

The Bañados‐Teitelboim‐Zanelli (BTZ) black hole model corresponds to a solution of (2+1)‐dimensional Einstein gravity with negative cosmological constant, and by a conformal rescaling its metric can be mapped onto the hyperbolic pseudosphere surface (Beltrami trumpet) with negative curvature. Beltrami trumpet shaped graphene sheets have been predicted to emit Hawking radiation that is experimentally detectable by a scanning tunnelling microscope. Here, for the first time we present an analytical algorithm that allows variational solutions to the Dirac Hamiltonian of graphene pseudoparticles in BTZ black hole gravitational field by using an approach based on the formalism of pseudo‐Hermitian Hamiltonians within a discrete‐basis‐set method. We show that our model not only reproduces the exact results for the real part of quasinormal mode frequencies of (2+1)‐dimensional spinless BTZ black hole, but also provides analytical results for the real part of quasinormal modes of spinning BTZ black hole, and also offers some predictions for the observable effects with a view to gravity‐like phenomena in a curved graphene sheet.
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Die historische Drehbrücke über die Meiningen
Authors: Braun Michael 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNach dem Preußischen Gesetz vom 14. Mai 1908 wurde zwischen den mecklenburgischen Orten Barth und Prerow auf der Ostseehalbinsel Darß eine gut 12 km lange Eisenbahnstrecke zur Erschließung der dortigen Inselkette erbaut und am 1. Dezember 1910 in Betrieb genommen, in einer Zeit also, als auch die Ostseeinsel Usedom mit einer Eisenbahnstrecke erschlossen wurde [1–3]. Dazu war die Überquerung des sogenannten Meiningenstroms mit einer Brücke erforderlich. Zuvor ermöglichte eine Kettenfähre hier das Passieren.
Phase‐Pure P2‐Na0.7(1−x)[LixMn1−x]Oδ as a Cathode Material for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jiaolong , Yu Denis Y. W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNa0.7MnO2 is a potential high‐capacity cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries. Typical Na0.7MnO2 material synthesized with quenching after annealing shows a P2 structure with orthorhombic distortion. However, the material is not stable when stored in ambient atmosphere and shows poor cycle performance during charge/discharge. In this study, we synthesized phase‐pure P2‐Na0.7(1−x)[LixMn1−x]Oδ without orthorhombic distortion by adding Li into the precursor. We show that the material can be synthesized even with natural cooling, and is stable when exposed to air. Electrochemical tests and ex situ X‐ray diffraction studies reveal that the phase‐pure material exhibits fewer phase transitions and less structural degradation upon Na+ de‐intercalation/intercalation, resulting in enhanced cycle performance. For example, Na0.64[Li0.09Mn0.91]O2.07 delivers an initial discharge capacity of 170.9 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 61.1 % (104.4 mAh g−1) after 100 cycles. This is significantly better than the cycle performance of the distorted P2‐Na0.7MnOδ tested under the same conditions.
Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of Flower‐Like Bi2WO6 Loaded with MnOx
Authors: Gu Songhui , Wang Lingzhi , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBi2WO6 was modified with MnOx via a photodeposition method. Multiple techniques including XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–vis and XPS were applied to investigate the structures, morphologies and optical characteristics of the as‐prepared sample. The nanostructured composites were formed with MnOx loaded on the surface of flower‐like Bi2WO6, where MnOx exists as a mixed‐valence manganese of Mn3+ and Mn4+ as verified by XPS. The photocatalytic activity of the MnOx/Bi2WO6 composites was evaluated by using rhodamine B (RhB) as a target organic pollutant under visible light irradiation. The as‐prepared MnOx/Bi2WO6 composites exhibited much higher photocatalytic activities than pure Bi2WO6. The enhanced activities were attributed to the interfacial transfer of photogenerated holes from Bi2WO6 to MnOx, leading to effective way to improve photocatalytic efficiency, which may be extended to a strategy for other semiconductor. Based on the experimental results, a possible mechanism of MnOx for the enhancement of visible light performance was proposed.
Study on influence of additive and host ions on deformation characteristics of alkali halide crystals by strain‐rate cycling tests during the Blaha effect
Authors: Kohzuki Yohichi , Ohgaku Tomiyasu 
Published: February 2017

Strain‐rate cycling tests associated with ultrasonic oscillation were carried out between the strain rates () of 1.1×10−5 s−1 and 5.6×10−5 s−1 for NaBr:Li+ or K+ single crystals from 77 K up to the room temperature. Superposition of oscillatory stress during plastic deformation causes a stress drop (Δτ). By using the stress change (Δτ') due to the strain‐rate cycling keeping the stress amplitude constant, Δτ'/Δln was given as a measurement of the strain‐rate sensitivity (λ) of flow stress. The relative curve of and λ has a stair‐like shape for the two kinds of crystals at low temperature (T). That is to say, the curve has two bending points and two plateau regions and λ between the two bending points decreases gradually with increasing . The activation energy (G0) etc. concerned with the break‐away of a dislocation from the isotropic strain around additive cation could be obtained on the basis of three relative curves (τp vs. T, λp vs. T, and τp vs. V) fitting the Cottrell‐Bilby relation to the experimental results. τp is Δτ value of first bending point at low stress decrement and λp is the difference between λ at first plateau place and at second one on the curve of vs. λ. V is the activation volume obtained from λp. As a result, it was found that Li+ ions are slightly weaker than K+ ones as weak obstacles to dislocation motion in the crystals. Furthermore, the additive Li+ or K+ ions act as still weaker obstacles to dislocation motion in NaBr host crystal as against NaCl because of a slight reduction in G0.
Type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asian women in the United States
Authors: Gadgil Meghana D. , Oza‐Frank Reena , Kandula Namratha R. , Kanaya Alka M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The incidence of both GDM and type 2 diabetes is exceedingly high in South Asian populations. However, the risk of type 2 diabetes after GDM in South Asian women in the United States is unknown.MethodsSouth Asians aged 40 to 84 years without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a community‐based cohort called Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study. A history of GDM was elicited through self‐report, and type 2 diabetes was ascertained by an oral glucose tolerance test. We performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the odds of type 2 diabetes after GDM history in this cross‐sectional analysis.ResultsAbout 9.7% of women in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study self‐reported a history of GDM, and were significantly younger, with higher mean diastolic blood pressure and self‐reported weight at age 20 and 40 years than women without a history of GDM. In a model adjusted for age, weight at age 40, family history of diabetes, education, income, physical activity, caloric intake, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking, women with a history of GDM had increased odds of having type 2 diabetes compared with women without GDM (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.3, 7.5).ConclusionsA history of GDM further increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in US South Asian women. Our findings underscore the importance of early postpartum screening in a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes.