bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disordered eating patterns in coeliac disease: a framework analysis
Authors: Satherley R.‐M. , Higgs S. , Howard R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe need for dietary‐management in coeliac disease may lead to the development of disordered eating patterns. A theoretical model of disordered eating has been proposed to explain disordered eating in coeliac disease. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of typical and disordered eating in coeliac disease to gain a greater understanding of these processes and explore specific pathways within this model.MethodsWe interviewed 21 individuals with coeliac disease, recruited from a previous database, about their experiences with food and food environments. Information about disordered eating status was assessed via questionnaire. The interviews were analysed qualitatively using Framework analysis, which was underpinned by the theoretical model of disordered eating in coeliac disease.ResultsExperiences differed between participants scoring high on measures of disordered eating and those who scored low (typical eaters). Participants scoring high on measures of disordered eating were concerned about the consequences of their gluten‐free diet on body image and they described eating patterns similar to binge/restrict cycles. Typical eaters reported being able to integrate their dietary self‐management into their daily lives; however, general concerns around food and cross‐contamination were associated with a restriction in food intake.ConclusionsCoeliac disease has a varied impact on eating patterns. The need to follow a gluten‐free diet and to be vigilant around food has to be balanced with concerns around food availability and cross‐contamination which have the potential to contribute towards disordered eating attitudes and behaviours. The findings suggest that the theoretical model of disordered eating provides an adequate explanation of disordered eating patterns in coeliac disease.
Time‐lapse lab‐based x‐ray nano‐CT study of corrosion damage
Authors: BRADLEY R.S. , LIU Y. , BURNETT T.L. , ZHOU X. , LYON S.B. , WITHERS P.J. , GHOLINIA A. , HASHIMOTO T. , GRAHAM D. , GIBBON S.R. , HORNBERGER B. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAn experimental protocol (workflow) has been developed for time‐lapse x‐ray nanotomography (nano‐CT) imaging of environmentally driven morphological changes to materials. Two case studies are presented. First, the leaching of nanoparticle corrosion inhibitor pigment from a polymer coating was followed over 14 days, while in the second case the corrosion damage to an AA2099 aluminium alloy was imaged over 12 hours. The protocol includes several novel aspects relevant to nano‐CT with the use of a combination of x‐ray absorption and phase contrast data to provide enhanced morphological and composition information, and hence reveal the best information to provide new insights into the changes of different phases over time. For the pigmented polymer coating containing nominally strontium aluminium polyphosphate, the strontium‐rich components within the materials are observed to leach extensively whereas the aluminium‐rich components are more resistant to dissolution. In the case of AA2099 it is found that the initial grain boundary corrosion is driven by the presence of copper‐rich phases and is then followed by the corrosion of grains of specific orientation.
Automatic diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis from Pap smear images
Authors: MOMENZADEH M. , SEHHATI M. , MEHRI DEHNAVI A. , TALEBI A. , RABBANI H. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most common genital infections that are seen every day in clinics. This infection is due to excessive growth of Candida that are normally present in the vagina in small numbers. Diagnosis of VVC is routinely done by direct microscopy of Pap smear samples and searching for the Candida in the Pap smear glass slides. This manual method is subjective, time consuming, labour‐intensive and tedious. This study presents a computer‐aided diagnostic (CAD) method to improve human diagnosis of VVC. The proposed CAD method reduces the diagnostic time and also can be worked as a second objective opinion for pathologists. Our main objective is detection and extraction of mycelium and conidium of Candida fungus from microscopic images of Pap smear samples. In this regard, the proposed method is composed of three main phases, namely preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. At the first phase, bottom‐hat filtering is used for elimination of the cervical cells and separating the background. Then decorrelation stretching and colour K‐means clustering are used for Candida segmentation. Finally the extracted features used by a decision tree classifier to detect Candida from other parts of smear. The proposed method was evaluated on 200 Pap smear images and showed specificity of 99.83% and 99.62% and sensitivity of 92.18% and 94.53% for detection of mycelium and conidium, respectively.
Visual memory uniquely predicts anhedonia in schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder
Authors: Bodapati Anjuli S. , Jenkins Lisanne M. , Sharma Rajiv P. , Rosen Cherise 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveDeficits in memory have been suggested as an influential mechanism of anhedonia, because while pleasant experiences may be enjoyed in‐the‐moment, the cognitive processes involved in reporting anticipated or remembered enjoyable experiences is thought to be impaired. This study will determine whether any aspects of memory, including visual memory, verbal memory or working memory, are significantly predictive of anhedonia in a sample of schizophrenia, psychotic bipolar disorder and healthy controls.MethodsThe study included 38 individuals with schizophrenia, 19 individuals with bipolar disorder with psychosis, and 43 age‐matched healthy controls. All participants completed a self‐report social and physical anhedonia questionnaire along with a cognitive screening battery, which assessed the domains of attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, and reasoning and problem‐solving.ResultsAnhedonia scores were regressed onto domain scores to determine which areas of cognition uniquely predicted level of anhedonia in each group. For the schizophrenia group, physical anhedonia was significantly predicted by worse visual memory performance. The regression models did not find significant cognitive predictors of physical or social anhedonia in the bipolar disorder or control groups.ConclusionsThis study found a significant relationship between visual memory and physical anhedonia in schizophrenia patients that was not present in a sample of psychotic bipolar patients or healthy controls, adding to an accumulating body of evidence that visual memory is related to anhedonia in schizophrenia. This relationship may be explained by underlying abnormalities in the orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
Impella 2.5 initiated prior to unprotected left main PCI in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock improves early survival
Authors: Meraj Perwaiz M. , Doshi Rajkumar , Schreiber Theodore , Maini Brijeshwar , O'Neill William W. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo assess post‐procedural outcomes when Impella 2.5 percutaneous left ventricular assist device (pLVAD) support is initiated either prior to or after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) culprit lesion in the context of acute myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock (AMICS).BackgroundInitiation of Impella 2.5 pLVAD prior to PCI is associated with significant survival benefit in the setting of AMICS. Outcomes of those presenting with a ULMCA culprit lesion in this setting have not been well characterized.MethodsThirty‐six consecutive patients in the cVAD Registry supported with Impella 2.5 pLVAD for AMICS who underwent PCI on ULMCA culprit lesion were included in our multicenter study.ResultsThe average age was 69.8 ± 14.2 years, 77.8% were male, 72.7% were in CS at admission, 44.4% sustained one or multiple cardiac arrests, and 30.6% had anoxic brain injury. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the Pre‐PCI group (n = 20) and Post‐PCI group (n = 16). Non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and greater coronary disease burden were significantly more frequent in the Pre‐PCI group but they had significantly better survival to discharge (55.0% vs 18.8%, P = 0.041). Kaplan‐Meier 30‐day survival analysis showed very poor survival in Post‐PCI group (48.1% vs 12.5%, Log‐Rank P = 0.004).ConclusionsInitiation of Impella 2.5 pLVAD prior to as compared with after PCI of ULMCA for AMICS culprit lesion is associated with significant early survival. As previously described, patients supported after PCI appear to have very poor survival at 30 days.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound and Elastography Imaging of the Neonatal Brain: A Review
Authors: Bailey Christopher , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. , de Jong Robert M. , Hwang Misun 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTNeonates presenting with neurologic symptoms require rapid, noninvasive imaging with high spatial resolution and tissue contrast. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the most sensitive and specific imaging modality for evaluation of neurological pathology. This modality does come with several challenges in the neonatal population, namely, the need to transport a possibly critically sick neonate to the MRI suite and the necessity of the neonate to remain still for a significant length of time, occasionally requiring sedation. Cranial ultrasound has provided radiologists and clinicians with an invaluable imaging modality that allows of rapid, bedside point of care evaluation without ionizing radiation. The major drawback of cranial ultrasound is its lower sensitivity and specificity for subtle/early lesions. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and elastography have the potential to improve sensitivity and specificity for a variety of neuropathology but also expand the indications for cranial ultrasound. Goal of this paper is to present and discuss CEUS and elastography for neonatal brain imaging.
Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of the spleen and abdominal lymph nodes in healthy domestic ferrets
Authors: Suran J. N. , Latney L. V. , Wyre N. R. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the radiographic and ultrasonographic characteristics of the spleen and abdominal lymph nodes in clinically healthy ferrets.Materials and MethodsFifty‐five clinically healthy ferrets were prospectively recruited for this cross‐sectional study. Three‐view whole body radiographs and abdominal ultrasonography were performed on awake (23 out of 55) or sedated (32 out of 55) ferrets. On radiographs splenic and abdominal lymph node visibility was assessed. Splenic thickness and echogenicity and lymph node length, thickness, echogenicity, number and presence of cyst‐like changes were recorded.ResultsThe spleen was radiographically detectable in all ferrets. On ultrasound the spleen was hyperechoic to the liver (55 out of 55) and mildly hyperechoic (28 out of 55), isoechoic (15 out of 55) or mildly hypoechoic (12 out of 55) to the renal cortices. Mean splenic thickness was 11.80 ±0.34 mm. Lymph nodes were radiographically discernible in 28 out of 55 ferrets and included caudal mesenteric and sublumbar nodes. An average of 9 ±2 lymph nodes (mean± standard deviation; mode 10) were identified in each ferret using ultrasound. A single large jejunal lymph node was identified in all ferrets and had a mean thickness of 5.28 ± 1.66 mm. For other lymph nodes the mean thickness measurements plus one standard deviation were less than 4.4 mm (95% confidence interval: ≤ 3.72 mm).Clinical SignificanceThe information provided in this study may act as a baseline for evaluation of the spleen and lymph nodes in ferrets.
Sensory and rheological characteristics of thickened liquids differing concentrations of a xanthan gum‐based thickener
Authors: Kim Hyeri , Hwang Han‐Im , Song Ki‐Won , Lee Jeehyun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to develop and compare sensory characteristics of beverages and soups thickened with different concentrations of a xanthan gum‐based thickener, and to examine, using rheological measurement, whether the viscosity of the thickened liquids conformed to the recommendations of the National Dysphagia Diet (NDD) Task Force. Beverages tested included water, apple juice, orange juice, soymilk, and Yakult. The thickening agent was added to samples at concentrations of 1, 2, or 3%. Addition of the thickening agent had a significant effect on the appearance, texture, and starchy flavor, which were evaluated by descriptive sensory evaluation. The reference standards of viscosity used in sensory descriptive analysis could be useful to practitioners who have to make dysphagia diets and need to learn to make them properly. In rheological measurement, viscosity of thickened liquids in stationary state would be perceived as higher compared to that while swallowing, because of the shear thinning property. This could lead to noncompliance of the medical advice or malnutrition. It is necessary to determine optimal proportion of xanthan gum‐based thickener or uncover alternatives, which have shear thinning properties lower than those of xanthan gum, for the acceptance of dysphagia patients. There was no pudding‐like viscosity as classified by NDD, when prepared following instructions. Future studies should include higher concentrations of thickener to find out the concentration of the thickener resulting in pudding‐like viscosity as recommended by NDD.Practical applicationsWhen a manufacturer modifies or develops a xanthan gum‐based thickener, findings from this study can be utilized to understand sensory and rheological characteristics of thickened liquid. For practitioners who have to make dysphagia diets, the reference standards of viscosity used in sensory descriptive analysis could be helpful for deciding the viscosity level of thickened liquids based only on visual evaluation. This study suggests manufacturers should provide clear direction for viscosity range and thickener concentration. Medical doctors should pay close attention to the risk of aspiration when prescribing pudding‐like viscosity. Dietitians should understand the variability in achieving different levels of viscosity and should educate preparers who are responsible for making dysphagia meals.
HCV viraemia associates with NK cell activation and dysfunction in antiretroviral therapy‐treated HIV/HCV‐co‐infected subjects
Authors: Papasavvas E. , Azzoni L. , Yin X. , Liu Q. , Joseph J. , Mackiewicz A. , Ross B. , Lynn K. M. , Jacobson J. M. , Mounzer K. , Kostman J. R. , Montaner L. J. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels on immune status in chronically HCV mono‐infected when compared to HIV/HCV co‐infected on antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains poorly understood. A total of 78 African American subjects HCV viraemic/naïve to HCV treatment (33 HCV genotype 1 mono‐infected, 45 ART‐treated HIV/HCV genotype 1 co‐infected) were studied. Clinical and liver enzyme measurements were performed. Whole blood was analysed for immune subset changes by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used for same‐day constitutive and in vitro Interferon (IFN)‐α‐induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) phosphorylation, K562 target cell lysis and K562 target cell recognition‐mediated IFN‐γ production. Statistical analysis was performed using R (2.5.1) or JMP Pro 11. While both groups did not differ in the level of liver enzymes, HIV/HCV had higher T‐cell activation/exhaustion, and constitutive STAT‐1 phosphorylation compared to HCV. In contrast, CD4+FoxP3+CD25+ frequency, IFN‐αR expression on NK cells, as well as constitutive and IFN‐α‐induced direct cytotoxicity were lower in HIV/HCV. Linear regression models further supported these results. Finally, increase in HCV viral load and CD4+ T‐cell count had an opposite effect between the two groups on NK cell activity and T‐cell activation, respectively. HCV viral load in ART‐treated HIV/HCV co‐infection was associated with greater immune activation/exhaustion and NK dysfunction than HCV viral load alone in HCV mono‐infection. The more pronounced immune modulation noted in ART‐treated HIV‐co‐infected/untreated HCV viraemic subjects may impact HCV disease progression and/or response to immunotherapy.
Cerebellopontine angle meningioma diagnosed based on symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia in late pregnancy and showing spontaneous reduction in the early postpartum period: A case report
Authors: Morinaga Yusuke , Yamamoto Haruaki , Kawaguchi Misato , Asato Junya , Hanada Hayatsura , Eto Ayumu , Mitsutake Takafumi , Hiraoka Fumihiro , Inoue Ritsurou , Sakamoto Kimiya , Iko Minoru , Nii Kouhei , Tsutsumi Masanori , Aikawa Hiroshi , Kazekawa Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe describe a case of cerebellopontine angle meningioma, diagnosed by the initial symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia in late pregnancy, that showed spontaneous tumor volume reduction in the puerperal period. A 28‐year‐old woman developed left facial pain at 30 weeks of pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a left cerebellopontine angle tumor. She decided to undergo gamma knife treatment at her local hospital. Fifty‐five days postpartum, magnetic resonance imaging was repeated to plan for this treatment. Gadolinium‐enhanced T1‐weighted imaging showed that the tumor had decreased, with no mass effect. The tumor was considered a low‐grade meningioma present before pregnancy, which grew as a result of hypervascular changes or hormone‐induced cellular proliferation in late pregnancy, and subsequently decreased in volume because of blood flow normalization or hormone normalization. The differential diagnosis and treatment of cerebellopontine meningioma during puerperium require careful observation, as the tumor can spontaneously decrease in size despite being symptomatic.
Novel mutation in the membrane metalloendopeptidase gene in a patient with the autosomal recessive form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Ishiura Hiroyuki , Mitsui Jun , Yoshimura Jun , Doi Koichiro , Morishita Shinichi , Hamada Masashi , Goto Jun , Tsuji Shoji 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease is a heterogeneous group of hereditary neuropathies. Diagnosis of the autosomal recessive form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease is challenging because of its genetic heterogeneity. Recently, mutations in the MME gene, which encodes neprilysin, have been shown to cause the autosomal recessive form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 2T. Here, we present a female patient with the autosomal recessive form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 2T carrying a novel mutation in MME (c.340_345delCTAGAA [p.(Leu113_Glu114del)]). She started to show numbness and weakness of her distal extremities from her 40 s. An electrophysiological study revealed sensorimotor neuropathy associated with preserved motor conduction velocity in the median nerve (45 m/s), whereas the compound muscle action potentials and sensory nerve action potentials of the lower limbs were markedly decreased. These findings further support the recent report that mutations in MME cause the autosomal recessive form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 2T.
Differences in intraoperative hemodynamics between spinal and general anesthesia in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy
Authors: Ing Caleb , Sun Lena S. , Friend Alexander F. , Kim Minjae , Berman Mitchell F. , Paganelli William , Li Guohua , Williams Robert K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundHypotension and bradycardia are known side effects of spinal anesthesia in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section and adults undergoing other surgical procedures. Whether children experience similar hemodynamic changes is unclear.AimsThe purpose of this study is to evaluate hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia compared to general anesthesia in a cohort of healthy infants.MethodsThe University of Vermont Medical Center almost exclusively used spinal anesthesia for infant pyloromyotomy surgery between 2008 and 2013, while Columbia University Medical Center relied on general anesthesia. The primary outcome assessed was the percentage change in intraoperative heart rate and blood pressure (systolic [SBP] and mean [MAP] blood pressure) from baseline. Analysis was performed using t‐tests for continuous variables, followed by linear regression to account for differences in demographic and clinical covariates.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 51 infants with spinal anesthesia at the University of Vermont and 52 infants with general anesthesia at Columbia University. The decrease from baseline for mean intraoperative SBP was −8.2 ± 16.8% for spinal anesthesia and −24.2 ± 17.2% for general anesthesia (difference between means: 16.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.5–22.9]), while the decrease from baseline for mean intraoperative MAP was −16.3 ± 19.9% for spinal anesthesia and −24.6 ± 19.3% for general anesthesia (difference between means: 8.4% [95% CI, 0.8–16]). Spinal anesthesia patients also had smaller drops in minimum intraoperative MAP and SBP. These blood pressure differences persisted even after adjusting for covariates. No differences in heart rate were seen between spinal and general anesthesia.DiscussionOur findings show that spinal anesthesia performed in healthy infants undergoing pyloromyotomy results in reduced intraoperative blood pressure changes from baseline, significantly higher blood pressure readings, and no increased bradycardia compared to general anesthesia. Further research is needed to assess whether any clinical impact of these hemodynamic differences between spinal and general anesthesia exists.
Relativism, Disagreement and Testimony
Authors: Dinges Alexander 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article brings together two sets of data that are rarely discussed in concert; namely, disagreement and testimony data. I will argue that relativism yields a much more elegant account of these data than its major rival, contextualism. The basic idea will be that contextualists can account for disagreement data only by adopting principles that preclude a simple account of testimony data. I will conclude that, other things being equal, we should prefer relativism to contextualism. In making this comparative point, I will also defend self‐standing relativist accounts of disagreement and testimony data.