bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LONG-TERM ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING VITRECTOMY FOR ADVANCED COATS DISEASE
Authors: Karacorlu Murat , Hocaoglu Mumin , Sayman Muslubas Isil , Arf Serra 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To assess the long-term anatomical and functional results of vitreoretinal surgery in patients with advanced Coats disease.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of 23 patients who underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy combined with transscleral cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, and intraocular tamponade between 2005 and 2014 and had a follow-up of at least 1 year. The primary outcomes were mean visual acuity and anatomical success.

Results:
The average age at the time of surgery was 8.7 ± 1.3 years (range, 2–18 years). The mean follow-up period was 55.2 ± 31 months (range, 12–120 months). In 16 eyes (70%), further treatment was not necessary. In the remaining 7 patients (30%), revision surgery with silicone oil tamponade was required. In 20 eyes (87%), the retina was reattached. At the final visit, 8 eyes (35%) had improved mean Snellen visual acuity from 20/1,000 at initial presentation to 20/160, 3 eyes (13%) showed stabilization, and 6 eyes (26%) had decline in visual acuity. No enucleation was necessary, and no progression to neovascular glaucoma was observed.

Conclusion:
Pars plana vitrectomy combined with cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, and intraocular tamponade could be an effective treatment option for advanced Coats disease. Despite surgery, disease-related complications remained high, but the main aim of management in these young patients is functional and anatomical stability.
EFFICACY OF DEXAMETHASONE INTRAVITREAL IMPLANT FOR REFRACTORY MACULAR EDEMA CAUSED BY RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Hussain Rehan M. , Ciulla Thomas A. , Ciulla Lauren M. , Sink Bethany , Harris Alon 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To investigate efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal (DEX) implant in treating refractory macular edema caused by retinal vein occlusion.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review.

Results:
Twenty-two eyes with refractory macular edema caused by retinal vein occlusion were treated with a mean of 2.2 DEX over 12 months. Patient had previously received a mean of 7 treatments (laser, bevacizumab, and/or triamcinolone) for macular edema present for at least 4 months duration (mean 20.8 ± 17.6 months, range 4–72 months) before starting DEX. Mean baseline visual acuity was 20/91, and mean central subfield thickness was 506 μm. DEX improved mean best-corrected visual acuity to 20/75 and 20/66 at 7 weeks and 6 months follow-up, although it worsened to 20/132 at 12 months. Mean central subfield thickness improved to 292, 352, and 356 μm at 7 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months follow-up, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between number of DEX treatments and central subfield thickness (P = 3.28 × 10−9). There was a statistically significant association between number of days followed and best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.006). Six of 12 (50%) phakic patients developed visually significant cataract requiring surgery. Five of 22 (23%) patients developed ocular hypertension (intraocular pressure > 30) and consequently did not undergo further treatment with DEX.

Conclusion:
DEX resulted in sustained anatomical reduction of retinal vein occlusion–associated refractory macular edema, although this did not translate into long-term best-corrected visual acuity improvement in either phakic or pseudophakic patients, possibly related to chronic structural alterations in the retina despite reduction of edema.
Upper Eyelid Response to Topical 0.5% Apraclonidine
Authors: Kirkpatrick Christopher A. , Shriver Erin M. , Clark Thomas J. E. , Kardon Randy H. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To describe the change in upper eyelid position in a self-reportedly normal population after the administration of topical 0.5% apraclonidine in each eye.

Methods:
One hundred self-reportedly normal subjects received a 1-time administration of topical 0.5% apraclonidine in each eye. Digital photographs were taken at baseline and then 30 and 45 minutes following apraclonidine instillation. Marginal reflex distance 1 was determined via image analysis of acquired digital photographs (image-derived measurements are given the prefix “i” in this study). The horizontal corneal diameter was used as a constant measurement scale in each photograph.

Results:
The mean increase in i-marginal reflex distance 1 post-administration of 0.5% apraclonidine was +0.70 ± 0.60 mm (range, −0.94 to +2.66 mm) after 30 minutes and +0.68 ± 0.59 mm (range, −0.69 to +2.54 mm) after 45 minutes. Of the 200 total eyelids in 100 subjects, 181 (90.5%) had an increase in i-marginal reflex distance 1 at 30 minutes. Of the 100 subjects, 85 (85%) had a bilateral increase in i-marginal reflex distance 1, 4 (4%) had a bilateral decrease, and 11 (11%) had a unilateral increase with a contralateral decrease.

Conclusions:
Given its predominant small-amplitude upper eyelid elevating effect, topical apraclonidine may be a useful off-label alternative treatment for mild upper eyelid ptosis and in eyelid asymmetry due to eyelid retraction through use in the contralateral eye.
Low‐impedance Baseline Values Predict Severe Esophagitis
Authors: Cohen Sabban Judith , Bertoldi Gabriela D. , Ussher Federico , Christiansen Silvia , Lifschitz Carlos , Orsi Marina 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to determine whether esophageal baseline impedance (BI) values in children could be predictive of esophagitis.Materials and Methods:Multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) tracings of children 3 to 17 years of age suspected of having gastroesophageal reflux and esophagitis, who had also undergone upper endoscopy with multiple esophageal biopsies, were reviewed. Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis were excluded. Esophagitis was assessed by macroscopic and microscopic parameters. Esophageal histology was reported by 2 blinded independent pathologists unaware of the MII results. Mean BI was automatically calculated in the different MII channels (ch) by the specific software without removing any episode of increased/decreased BI. BI results were plotted against macroscopic and histological scores for each channel.Results:Tracings of 87 children, 53 boys, were evaluated. Mean age was 7.4 years: 45 had histologic esophagitis, 8 macroscopic. Histologic mild esophagitis (grade 1) was observed in 30, and 15 had moderate to severe esophagitis (grade 2–3). Ten had grade 3 esophagitis. Eight had macroscopic esophagitis as well. Results: in channel 6 of the MII, all 10 patients with grade 3 esophagitis and the 8 with macroscopic esophagitis had a BI <900 Ω/s (positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 100%), whereas none of those having a biopsy score of 0 to 2 or no endoscopic evidence of esophagitis had a mean BI below 2000 Ω/s.Conclusions:The evaluation of the BI measured in channel 6 gave us 100% prediction of grade 3 and macroscopic esophagitis. BI on channel 6 may be useful to predict severe esophageal mucosa inflammation and could potentially be used for follow‐up evaluation, rather than repeating an upper endoscopy. In addition, it would seem that grade 3 esophagitis even in the absence of macroscopic esophagitis affects the integrity of the esophageal epithelium.
Trends in Use and Outcomes of Women Undergoing Hysterectomy With Electric Power Morcellation
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Chen Ling , Burke William M. , Hou June Y. , Tergas Ana I. , Ananth Cande V. , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: December 2016

(Abstracted from JAMA 2016;316:877–878)
Over several years, there has been increasing concern that use of electric power morcellation during hysterectomy for benign conditions may result in the spread of undetected malignancies. This concern led the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to issue a safety communication in April 2014 discouraging use of morcellation and, in November 2014, to recommend against use of this procedure in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Adverse Fetal and Neonatal Outcome and an Abnormal Vertebral Pattern: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schut Pauline Christine , Cohen-Overbeek Titia E. , Galis Frietson , Ten Broek Clara M. A. , Steegers Eric A. , Eggink Alex J. 
Published: December 2016

Importance
The human vertebral column has a stable number of vertebrae and ribs, which is presumably the result of evolutionary selection. An association between an abnormal vertebral pattern, especially in the cervical region, and congenital anomalies or adverse fetal outcome has been reported.

Objective
The aim of this study was to review the current literature concerning an abnormal vertebral pattern and prevalence of cervical ribs in healthy subjects and in subjects with adverse outcome.

Evidence Acquisition
Scientific databases were searched systematically. Studies assessing the number of vertebrae and/or ribs were included, and data concerning anomalies and outcome were extracted.

Results
Thirty-nine studies including 75,018 healthy subjects and 6130 subjects with structural or chromosomal anomalies or adverse outcome were selected. The majority of these studies focused on the prevalence of cervical ribs. The prevalence of cervical ribs was considerably higher in fetuses with adverse outcome, including aneuploidies, compared with healthy individuals in the vast majority of studies. Studies suggest an association between cervical ribs and other structural anomalies.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that detailed assessment of the fetal vertebral column, especially of the cervicothoracic region, could provide valuable information regarding fetal and neonatal prognosis. Based on the available evidence, the application of 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound to assess the vertebral column and ribs, in particular the cervical region, warrants further research.

Relevance
Prenatal assessment of the ribs and vertebral pattern by 3D ultrasound, which is currently not routinely performed, might be useful in the assessment of the fetus, because this can predict fetal and neonatal outcome in some cases.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to be aware of the possible relation between a disturbed pattern of the vertebral column and adverse fetal outcome; discuss why changes in the pattern of the vertebral column, especially at the cervical level, should be more deleterious than those at the caudal part of the vertebral column; determine whether an abnormal vertebral pattern is more common in fetuses and neonates with adverse outcome than in healthy subjects; and have insight into the usefulness of detailed assessment of the fetal vertebral column by 3D ultrasound.
Self-Organization of the Human Embryo in the Absence of Maternal Tissues
Authors: Shahbazi Marta N. , Jedrusik Agnieszka , Vuoristo Sanna , Recher Gaelle , Hupalowska Anna , Bolton Virginia , Fogarty Norah M. E. , Campbell Alison , Devito Liani G. , Ilic Dusko , Khalaf Yakoub , Niakan Kathy K. , Fishel Simon , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena 
Published: December 2016

(Abstracted from Nat Cell Biol 2016;18:700–708)
The failure of an embryo to implant into the womb is a major cause of early pregnancy loss. The human embryo must implant into the uterus on the seventh day of development to survive and to develop further.
Use of the APTIMA Combo 2 Assay and a Secondary Algorithm to Detect and Confirm Chlamydia trachomatis in Rectal-Only Infections
Authors: Pabbaraju Kanti , Wong Sallene , Gill Kara , Severini Alberto , Roy Felicia , Gratrix Jennifer , Singh Ameeta E. , Naidu Prenilla , Read Ron , Drews Steven J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We sought to confirm the results of 81 rectal specimens positive for Chlamydia trachomatis by the APTIMA Combo 2 assay among patients with concurrently collected negative genitourinary specimens. A total of 79 (97.5%) samples were confirmed by the APTIMA single target assay and/or sequencing of the C. trachomatis ompA gene.
Increased Detection of Pharyngeal and Rectal Gonorrhea in Men Who Have Sex With Men After Transition From Culture To Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing
Authors: Cornelisse Vincent J. , Chow Eric P.F. , Huffam Sarah , Fairley Christopher K. , Bissessor Melanie , De Petra Vesna , Howden Benjamin P. , Denham Ian , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Williamson Deborah , Chen Marcus Y. 
Published: December 2016

Background
This before-and-after study measured the impact of a change in testing methods from culture to nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) on the detection of pharyngeal and rectal gonorrhea in men who have sex with men (MSM) on a sexual health service level, including the effect on subgroups anticipated to have higher rates of gonorrhea.

Methods
In March 2015, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre changed its laboratory method for gonococcal testing from culture to NAAT using the Aptima Combo 2 and Aptima GC tests. We compared the proportion of tests positive for rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea in MSM using culture in 2014 with those using NAAT in 2015.

Results
The proportion of tests positive for rectal gonorrhea by NAAT was double that obtained by culture (8% vs 3.9%; prevalence ratio [PR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–2.4) and 5-fold for pharyngeal gonorrhea (8.3% vs 1.6%; PR, 5.2; 95% CI, 4.2–6.4). Similar increases in test positivity were observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative men. By NAAT, test positivity for rectal gonorrhea was higher in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative men (15.4% vs 7.3%; PR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.7–2.6). Culture and NAAT had similar test positivity for rectal gonorrhea among men who reported contact with gonorrhea (24.9% vs 25.3%, PR 1.0, 95% CI 0.8–1.4) and men who presented with symptoms of proctitis (22.2% vs 27.9%, PR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8–2.0).

Conclusions
A switch from culture to Aptima Combo 2 testing for extragenital gonorrhea in MSM increased detection and was most marked for pharyngeal infections.
Prevalence and Predictors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Selected Sexually Transmitted Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A New Focus to Get to Zero
Authors: Mmbaga Elia John , Moen Kåre , Makyao Neema , Leshabari Melkizedeck 
Published: December 2016

Background
Previous studies in Tanzania indicated that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) could be as high as 40%. We aim to provide data on the prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infection among PWIDs to inform national plans to get to zero.

Materials and Methods
Respondent-driven sampling was used to collect drug use, and sexual practices data among PWIDs aged 15 years and older. Blood samples were examined for HIV, herpes simplex virus type 2, syphilis, and hepatitis B.

Results
A total of 620 PWIDs with a median age of 32 (interquartile range, 17–52) participated in the study. Their use of drugs had typically started during adolescence. The prevalence of HIV was found to be 15.5%, whereas that of herpes simplex type 2 was 43.3%. Associated with an increased likelihood of HIV infection was being a female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–3.6), sharing of syringes (aOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–6.1), used syringes hidden in public places (aOR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.3–10.2), and having had a genital ulcer during the last 12 months before this survey. On the other hand, being educated, use of noninjectable drugs, access (aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2–0.8), and use of clean syringes (aOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.6) were associated with decreased likelihood of HIV infection.

Conclusions
The prevalence of HIV infection among PWIDs in Dar es Salaam is 3 times higher than that in the general population. Behavioral and biological risk factors contribute to HIV transmission and needs to be addressed to be able to get to zero.
Habitual Physical Activity in Children With Cerebral Palsy Aged 4 to 5 Years Across All Functional Abilities
Authors: Keawutan Piyapa , Bell Kristie L. , Oftedal Stina , Davies Peter S. W. , Ware Robert S. , Boyd Roslyn N. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To compare ambulatory status in children with cerebral palsy aged 4 to 5 years with their habitual physical activity and time spent sedentary, and to compare their activity with physical activity guidelines.

Methods:
Sixty-seven participants—independently ambulant, marginally ambulant, and nonambulant—wore accelerometers for 3 days. Time spent sedentary as a percentage of wear time and activity counts were compared between groups.

Results:
There were significant differences in time spent sedentary and activity counts between groups. Children who were independently ambulant were more likely to meet physical activity guidelines.

Conclusion:
Children with cerebral palsy spent more than half of their waking hours in sedentary time. Interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and increase habitual physical activity are needed in children with cerebral palsy at age 4 to 5 years.
The Relationships Between Capacity and Performance in Youths With Cerebral Palsy Differ for GMFCS Levels
Authors: Ho Pei-Chi , Chang Chia-Hsieh , Granlund Mats , Hwang Ai-Wen 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To examine change in, and longitudinal relationships between motor capacity and activity performance across the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).

Methods:
Ninety-two youths with cerebral palsy were examined at 2 time points, 1 year apart, using the Gross Motor Function Measure–66 (GMFM-66) for motor capacity, and the Chinese version of the Activities Scale for Kids-Performance Version (ASKp-C) for activity performance. The score changes and capacity-to-performance/performance-to-capacity pathways were explored across GMFCS levels.

Results:
The GMFM-66 scores declined over time in GMFCS levels IV-V while ASKp-C scores increased in GMFCS level I. The correlations for both pathways in GMFCS levels I, III, and IV-V were significant with a higher correlation for performance-to-capacity pathway in GMFCS levels IV-V.

Conclusions:
Longitudinal changes in and relationships between capacity and performance differ between GMFCS levels. The opportunities to perform activities need to be emphasized in GMFCS levels IV-V.
Minimal Detectable Change for TUG and TUDS Tests for Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Martin Kathy , Natarus Michael , Martin Jeremy , Henderson Sarah 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To determine test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Timed Up and Down Stairs (TUDS) for Down syndrome.

Subjects:
Twelve children with Down syndrome (DS) aged 3 to 17 years.

Methods:
Two sessions, 1 week apart, with 3 trials of the TUG and 2 trials of the TUDS. Test-retest reliability was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficients and the standard error of measurement. The minimal detectable changes (MDCs) for both tests were calculated.

Results:
The TUG and TUDS tests both had high test-retest reliability. The MDC was 1.26 seconds for the TUG and 12.52 seconds for the TUDS test.

Conclusions:
Both tests were reliable in this population, but the MDC results suggest only the TUG is clinically useful.
Reliability of the Arch Height Index as a Measure of Foot Structure in Children
Authors: Drefus Lisa C. , Kedem Paz , Mangan Siobhan M. , Scher David M. , Hillstrom Howard J. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To determine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the arch height index (AHI) in children developing typically. The AHI is tested with a device that measures foot structure.

Methods:
Thirty children, ages 6 to 12 years, participated for a total of n = 60 feet. The AHI measurements were taken by 2 investigators in sitting and standing and repeated twice by each investigator in a single visit. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were determined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,1) statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean age was 9.61 ± 1.96 years. The intrarater and interrater reliability had an ICC 0.76 or more in both sitting and standing. The average AHI value was 0.36 ± 0.02 in sitting and 0.32 ± 0.02 in standing.

Conclusions:
Pediatric therapists, physicians, and orthotists should consider using the AHI as an objective measure to be used for research, to assess foot structure, monitor change over time, and assist with treatment planning in children.
Perceived Stress After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Comparison Between Young and Middle-Aged Women Versus Men
Authors: Xu Xiao , Bao Haikun , Strait Kelly M. , Edmondson Donald E. , Davidson Karina W. , Beltrame John F. , Bueno Héctor , Lin Haiqun , Dreyer Rachel P. , Brush John E. , Spertus John A. , Lichtman Judith H. , D'Onofrio Gail , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of the study was to examine how psychological stress changes over time in young and middle-aged patients after experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and whether these changes differ between men and women.MethodsWe analyzed data obtained from 2358 women and 1151 men aged 18 to 55 years hospitalized for AMI. Psychological stress was measured using the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) at initial hospitalization and at 1 month and 12 months after AMI. We used linear mixed-effects models to examine changes in PSS-14 scores over time and sex differences in these changes, while adjusting for patient characteristics and accounting for correlation among repeated observations within patients.ResultsOverall, patients' perceived stress decreased over time, especially during the first month after AMI. Women had higher levels of perceived stress than men throughout the 12-month period (difference in PSS-14 score = 3.63, 95% confidence interval = 3.08 to 4.18,p< .001), but they did not differ in how stress changed over time. Adjustment for patient characteristics did not alter the overall pattern of sex difference in changes of perceived stress over time other than attenuating the magnitude of sex difference in PSS-14 score (difference between women and men = 1.74, 95% confidence interval = 1.32 to 2.16,p< .001). The magnitude of sex differences in perceived stress was similar in patients with versus without post-AMI angina, even though patients with angina experienced less improvement in PSS-14 score than those without angina.ConclusionsIn young and middle-aged patients with AMI, women reported higher levels of perceived stress than men throughout the first 12 months of recovery. However, women and men had a similar pattern in how perceived stress changed over time.