bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validated capillary electrophoretic method for the enantiomeric quality control of R‐praziquantel
Authors: Szabó Zoltán‐István , Gál Réka , Szőcs Levente , Ludmerczki Róbert , Muntean Daniela‐Lucia , Noszál Béla , Tóth Gergő 
Published: February 2017

The enantiomers of praziquantel, the drug of choice in schistosomiasis, were separated by electrokinetic chromatography with cyclodextrins. Nine anionic cyclodextrins were screened for their ability to discriminate between the uncharged enantiomers. Seven investigated selectors presented chiral interactions with the enantiomers, these cases being interpreted in terms of stability constants and complex mobilities. The best results were delivered by sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin, where quasi‐equal stability constants were accompanied by extreme selectivity values and was explained on the basis of highly different mobilities of the transient diastereomeric complexes. Since the enantiomer migration order was unfavorable, a simple polarity switch was employed (detection end at anode), which apart from migration order reversal, also resulted in extreme resolution values (Rs > 35) and increased migration times. After optimization (50 mM phosphate buffer pH 2.0, supplied with 15 mM sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin, 15 kV, capillary temperature 25°C, short‐end injection with 50 mbar × 2 s), analysis time under 10 min were obtained, while still maintaining high resolution (Rs > 10). The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and application of the method was tested on in‐house synthetized R‐praziquantel batches and on commercial, combination tablets containing racemic mixture of the drug.
Understanding the burden of focal epilepsy as a function of seizure frequency in the United States, Europe, and Brazil
Authors: Gupta Shaloo , Ryvlin Philippe , Faught Edward , Tsong Wan , Kwan Patrick 
Published: February 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo understand the current burden of focal epilepsy (FE) as a function of seizure frequency.MethodsPatients were identified from the United States (2011, 2012, and 2013), five European countries (EU; France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom) (2011 and 2013), and Brazil (2011 and 2012) National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS), a nationally representative, Internet‐based survey of adults (18+ years). The NHWS collected data on respondents’ quality of life (QoL), health utilities, productivity loss, and healthcare resource utilization. Indirect and direct costs were calculated from the literature. Altogether, 345 of 176,093 (U.S.A.), 73 of 30,000 (United Kingdom), 53 of 30,001 (Germany), 53 of 30,000 (France), 41 of 12,011 (Spain), 37 of 17,500 (Italy), and 71 of 24,000 (Brazil) respondents self‐reported a diagnosis of FE.ResultsMany respondents (U.S.A.: 56.2%; 5EU: 41.6%; Brazil + 5EU: 40.5%) reported persistent seizures (≥1 per year). Over 60% to just over 71% of respondents with FE were treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In the United States, seizure frequency was associated with hospitalizations, indirect costs (ages 18–60), and total direct costs. For the 5EU and Brazil + 5EU, seizure frequency was associated with physical QoL, health utilities, activity impairment, and emergency room (ER) visits. Additional associations were observed for the 5EU on hospitalizations, indirect costs (ages 18–60), ER visit costs, and total direct costs and for Brazil + 5EU on absenteeism, overall work impairment, and provider visits. Costing was not performed for Brazil + 5EU.SignificanceAround half of the patients had persistent seizures despite most taking an AED in this 2011–2013 dataset. The results support the hypothesis that reducing seizures can improve productivity and reduce resource utilization and associated costs. Regional differences may reflect differences in healthcare systems and selected patient populations. Overall, the results suggest that additional treatment options are needed to improve seizure control and reduce related costs.
Assessing uncertainty in estimation of seismic response for PBEE
Authors: Iervolino Iunio 
Published: February 2017

SummaryState‐of‐the‐art approaches to probabilistic assessment of seismic structural reliability are based on simulation of structural behavior via nonlinear dynamic analysis of computer models. Simulations are carried out considering samples of ground motions supposedly drawn from specific populations of signals virtually recorded at the site of interest. This serves to produce samples of structural response to evaluate the failure rate, which in turn allows to compute the failure risk (probability) in a time interval of interest. This procedure alone implies that uncertainty of estimation affects the probabilistic results. The latter is seldom quantified in risk analyses, although it may be relevant. This short paper discusses some basic issues and some simple statistical tools, which can aid the analyst towards the assessment of the impact of sample variability on fragility functions and the resulting seismic structural risk. On the statistical inference side, the addressed strategies are based on consolidated results such as the well‐known delta method and on some resampling plans belonging to the bootstrap family. On the structural side, they rely on assumptions and methods typical in performance‐based earthquake engineering applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new volume‐preserving and continuous interface reconstruction method for 2D multi‐material flow
Authors: Dumas L. , Ghidaglia J. M. , Jaisson P. , Motte R. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryA new two‐dimensional interface reconstruction method that ensures continuity of the interface and preserves volume fractions is presented here. It is made of two steps, first, the minimization of a cost functional based on volume fractions least square errors by using dynamic programming, a fast and efficient scheme well known in image processing, and then a local correction phase. In each cell, the interface is made of two line segments joining two edges. This new interface reconstruction method, called Dynamic Programming Interface Reconstruction has been coupled with various advection schemes, among them the Lagrange + remap scheme. With a reasonable computational cost, it has been observed in various test cases that Dynamic Programming Interface Reconstruction is more accurate and less diffusive compared with other existing classical reconstruction methods. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective purification and characterization of Müller glia in the mouse retina regeneration assay
Authors: Schäfer Patrick , Karl Mike O. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReactive gliosis is an umbrella term for various glia functions in neurodegenerative diseases and upon injury. Specifically, Müller glia (MG) in some species readily regenerate retinal neurons to restore vision loss after insult, whereas mammalian MG respond by reactive gliosis—a heterogeneous response which frequently includes cell hypertrophy and proliferation. Limited regeneration has been stimulated in mammals, with a higher propensity in young MG, and in vitro compared to in vivo, but the underlying processes are unknown. To facilitate studies on the mechanisms regulating and limiting glia functions, we developed a strategy to purify glia and their progeny by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Dual‐transgenic nuclear reporter mice, which label neurons and glia with red and green fluorescent proteins, respectively, have enabled MG enrichment up to 93% purity. We applied this approach to MG in a mouse retina regeneration ex vivo assay. Combined cell size and cell cycle analysis indicates that most MG hypertrophy and a subpopulation proliferates which, over time, become even larger in cell size than the ones that do not proliferate. MG undergo timed differential genomic changes in genes controlling stemness and neurogenic competence; and glial markers are downregulated. Genes that are potentially required for, or associated with, regeneration and reactive gliosis are differentially regulated by retina explant culture time, epidermal growth factor stimulation, and animal age. Thus, MG enrichment facilitates cellular and molecular studies which, in combination with the mouse retina regeneration assay, provide an experimental approach for deciphering mechanisms that possibly regulate reactive gliosis and limit regeneration in mammals.
Effects of mind–body interventions on depressive symptoms among older Chinese adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bo Ai , Mao Weiyu , Lindsey Michael A. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of mind–body interventions in depressive symptoms treatment among older Chinese adults (>60 years of age).MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Chongqing VIP for eligible studies until September 2016. We reviewed randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of mind–body interventions for depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults. Two authors independently conducted screening, and risk of bias assessment. Data were extracted by one author and crosschecked by the research team. Cohen's d standardized mean differences were calculated to represent intervention effects.ResultsA comprehensive search yielded 926 records; 14 articles met inclusion criteria. Relative to the control groups, mind–body interventions had large short‐term effects in reducing depressive symptoms in older Chinese adults (standardized mean differences = −1.41; 95% CI [−1.82, −0.99]). Most studies did not report the long‐term effects of mind–body interventions. Subgroup analyses by type of mind–body interventions, participants' age group, and control condition yielded different effect sizes; however, these differences did not all reach a statistically significant level. The interpretation of the subgroup analysis should be considered with caution given its observational nature and a small number of included studies.ConclusionsThis systematic review suggests that mind–body interventions had short‐term effects in alleviating depressive symptoms among older Chinese adults. Further research (randomized controlled trials with active controls and follow‐up tests) are needed to assess the effects of mind–body interventions on depressive symptoms among this population. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of BRAF V600E mutation‐specific immunohistochemistry in pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Ballester Leomar Y. , Cantu Miguel D. , Lim Karen P.H. , Sarabia Stephen F. , Ferguson Lizmery Suarez , Renee Webb C. , Allen Carl E. , McClain Kenneth L. , Mohila Carrie A. , Punia Jyotinder N. , Roy Angshumoy , López‐Terrada Dolores H. , John Hicks M. , Fisher Kevin E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBRAF p.V600E mutations are detected in greater than 50% of pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) lesions. However, the use of mutation‐specific BRAF V600E immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a surrogate for molecular testing in pediatric LCH is unknown. We tested the mutation‐specific BRAF V600E monoclonal antibody (clone VE1) in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded LCH samples from 26 pediatric patients (14 males and 12 females, ages 7 mo–17 y) using allele‐specific real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a limit of detection of 0.5% as the comparative gold standard. BRAF VE1 staining was scored for both intensity (0‐3+) and percentage of immunoreactive tumor cells (0%‐100%). BRAF VE1 immunoreactivity was determined using both lenient (≥1+, ≥1%) and stringent (≥2+, ≥10%) scoring criteria. Using lenient‐scoring criteria, we found that the sensitivity and specificity of IHC compared with allele‐specific real‐time PCR were 100.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The poor specificity of lenient IHC analysis was attributable to weak, 1+ staining in both BRAF‐mutated and wild‐type LCH. Using stringent‐scoring criteria, we found that specificity improved to 100.0% at the expense of sensitivity that decreased to 80.0%. Stringent scoring generated 3 false‐negative results, but in all cases, neoplastic tissue comprised less than 5% of the stained section and/or the specimen was decalcified. In conclusion, highly sensitive molecular assays remain the gold standard for BRAF mutation analysis in LCH paraffin‐embedded lesions. To avoid false‐positive results, unequivocal VE1 staining of 2+ intensity in greater than or equal to 10% neoplastic histiocytes is required. However, negative VE1 results require additional studies to exclude false‐negatives, and stringent‐scoring criteria may not be optimal for scant or decalcified specimens.
Quantitative distinction of the morphological characteristic of erythrocyte precursor cells with texture analysis using gray level co‐occurrence matrix
Authors: Kono Keigo , Hayata Ruka , Murakami Satoru , Yamamoto Mai , Kuroki Maiko , Nanato Kana , Takahashi Kazuto , Miwa Keiko , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Okada Kazunori , Kaga Sanae , Mikami Taisei , Masauzi Nobuo 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundMorphological characteristics of blood cells are still qualitatively defined. So a texture analysis (Tx) method using gray level co‐occurrence matrices (GLCMs; CM‐Tx method) was applied to images of erythrocyte precursor cells (EPCs) for quantitatively distinguishing four types of EPC stages: proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatic erythroblast, and orthochromatic erythroblast.MethodsFifty‐five images of four types of EPCs were downloaded from an atlas uploaded by the Blood Cell Morphology Standardization Subcommittee (BCMSS) of the Japanese Society of Laboratory Hematology (JSLH). Using in‐house programs, two types of GLCMs—(R: d=1, θ=0°) and (U: d=1, θ=270°)—and nine types of texture distinction index (TDI) were calculated with images removed outer part of cell.ResultsThree binary decision trees were sequentially divided among four types of EPC with the sum average of GLCM (U), the contrast of GLCM (R), and the sum average of GLCM (U). The average concordance rate (sensitivity) of CM‐Tx method with the judgments of eleven experts in the BCMSS of the JSLH was 95.8% (87.5‐100.0), and the average specificity was 97.6% (92.5‐100.0).ConclusionsThe CM‐Tx method is an effective tool for quantitative distinction of EPC with their morphological features.
Applying the Unified Protocol Transdiagnostic Treatment to Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury and Co‐Occurring Emotional Disorders: A Case Illustration
Authors: Bentley Kate H. 
Published: February 2017

This article presents the use of a transdiagnostic, emotion‐focused treatment with a young woman with nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. The patient also presented with subclinical depressive, posttraumatic stress, and eating disorder symptoms. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (Barlow et al., 2011), a cognitive‐behavioral intervention designed to be applicable across anxiety, depressive, and related disorders with strong emotional components, was used to address the range of Laura's presenting concerns. After 16 individual treatment sessions, Laura experienced significant reductions in NSSI (and urges to engage in NSSI) as well as observable improvements in her self‐reported ability to respond more adaptively to intense emotion. She also reported moderate reductions in her anxiety disorder symptoms. This case illustration demonstrates how a short‐term, transdiagnostic treatment approach can be flexibly applied to a variety of problems maintained by aversive and avoidant reactions to intense emotion.
Offsetting the effects of neighborhood disadvantage on problem drinking
Authors: Karriker‐Jaffe Katherine J. , Au Vanessa , Frendo Marylou , Mericle Amy A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractResidence in disadvantaged neighborhoods can amplify individual risk for adverse health conditions, including substance use disorders. Using data from a probability sample of problem drinkers in Northern California (N = 616) interviewed at baseline and reinterviewed 1 year later, this study examines whether social support can buffer negative effects of neighborhood disadvantage on problem drinking. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood increased the likelihood of problem drinking at follow‐up (odds ratio = 2.33, p = 0.015). Although baseline support for reducing drinking was unrelated to problem drinking at follow‐up, there was a significant interaction between neighborhood disadvantage and support. Among those living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, baseline support significantly decreased the likelihood of problem drinking at follow‐up (OR = 0.19, p = 0.048). Bolstering indigenous community resources where residents can interact with others in recovery or that foster sober activities may offset individual risk. Research is needed to determine whether this may also produce second‐order neighborhood change.
Kinetics and modelling of furfural oxidation with hydrogen peroxide over a fibrous heterogeneous catalyst: effect of reaction parameters on yields of succinic acid
Authors: Saleem Farhan , Müller Pia , Eränen Kari , Warnå Johan , Yu Murzin Dmitry , Salmi Tapio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDSuccinic acid is an important intermediate compound with high commercial significance in the chemical industry. It can be obtained from renewable resources such as furfural. This article describes the kinetic study of furfural oxidation with hydrogen peroxide over a fibrous polymer‐supported sulphonic acid catalyst (Smopex‐101). The influence of reaction temperature, initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide and furfural has been investigated in detail. Reaction kinetics has been studied both in batch and semi‐batch modes. Self‐decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and loss of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide has been thoroughly examined. Parameter estimation has been performed and comparison was made between catalytic and non‐catalytic reactions. The catalyst stabilities have been discussed.RESULTSThe results indicate that the reaction orders in hydrogen peroxide decomposition are different in catalytic and non‐catalytic reactions. Furfural presence in the reaction mixture, its interactions with the catalyst and involvement in other reactions significantly suppressed the side reactions, improving hydrogen peroxide utilization. The desired product (succinic acid) has been obtained in good yields (80%) when furfural was added in a semi‐batch mode.CONCLUSIONSThe kinetic models predicted the consumption behavior of hydrogen peroxide and furfural in both catalytic and non‐catalytic reactions and the kinetic parameters were statistically well identified. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Type 3 takayasu arteritis diagnosed by parvus‐tardus renal Doppler signal modulation
Authors: Koc Ural 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTTakayasu's arteritis is known to cover the youngest age group in the etiology of secondary hypertension. The type 3 pattern is rare and involves the thoraco‐abdominal aorta and its main abdominal branches. Here, we present the imaging results of a patient who had been followed up for systemic arterial hypertension and was diagnosed with Takayasu's arteritis type 3 by CT and MR angiography following bilateral detection of a parvus‐tardus Doppler signal modulation in the renal arteries. We discuss the differential diagnoses that should be considered when observing a tardus‐parvus Doppler signal. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:612–615, 2017
Discovery of MYH14 as an important and unique deafness gene causing prelingually severe autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss
Authors: Kim Bong Jik , Kim Ah Reum , Han Jin Hee , Lee Chung , Oh Doo Yi , Choi Byung Yoon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic variants of MYH14 are known to be associated (in either a syndromic or nonsyndromic manner) with hearing loss. Interestingly, all reported cases to date of MYH14‐related nonsyndromic hearing loss with detailed phenotypes have demonstrated mild‐to‐moderate progressive hearing loss with postlingual onset.MethodsIn the present study, targeted resequencing (TRS) of known deafness genes was performed to identify the causative variant in two multiplex families segregating autosomal dominant (AD) inherited hearing loss.ResultsTRS uncovered two novel variants of MYH14 (c.A572G: p.Asp191Gly in the myosin head domain and c.C73T:p.Gln25* in exon 2) from two multiplex deafness Korean families. Notably, both probands showed phenotypes of congenital or prelingual severe hearing loss. It is remarkably uncommon to encounter such a severe‐to‐profound, prelingual, AD hearing loss. Given that the first variant, p. Asp191Gly, was the first documented missense allele discovered in the myosin head domain of this gene related to either congenital or prelingual severe nonsyndromic hearing loss, and also that the second variant, p. Gln25*, lead to a null allele, more severe phenotypes from our probands may have been the result of either genotype–phenotype correlation or genetic backgrounds, or both.ConclusionsIn the present study, we report that MYH14 can manifest as nonsyndromic prelingual severe sensorineural hearing loss in an AD fashion in Koreans. The results of the present study suggest that further genetic studies of similar patients should consider MYH14 as a causative gene, and cochlear implantation during infant or early childhood should be indicated for those patients with certain MYH14 pathogenic variants.
Do Clinicians Understand Quality Metric Data? An Evaluation in a Twitter‐Derived Sample
Authors: Govindan Sushant , Chopra Vineet , Iwashyna Theodore J. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVEDespite significant efforts and cost, quality metrics do not consistently influence practice. While research has focused on improving data through statistical risk‐adjustment, whether clinicians understand these data is unknown. Therefore, we assessed clinician comprehension of central line‐associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) quality metric data.DESIGNCross‐sectional survey with an 11‐item test of CLABSI data comprehension. Each question assessed 1 of 3 concepts concerning CLABSI understanding: basic numeracy, risk‐adjustment numeracy, and risk‐adjustment interpretation. Hypothetical data were used and presented in a validated format.PARTICIPANTSClinicians were recruited from 6 nations via Twitter to take an online survey. Clinician eligibility was confirmed by assessing responses to a question regarding CLABSI.MAIN MEASURESThe primary outcome was percent correct of attempted questions pertaining to the presented CLABSI data.RESULTSNinety‐seven clinicians answered at least 1 item, providing 939 responses; 72 answered all 11 items. The mean percentage of correct answers was 61% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57%‐65%). Overall, doctor performance was better than performance by nurses and other respondents (68% [95% CI, 63%‐73%] vs. 57% [95% CI, 52%‐62%], P = 0.003). In basic numeracy, mean percent correct was 82% (95% CI, 77%‐87%). For risk‐adjustment numeracy, the mean percent correct was 70% (95% CI, 64%‐76%). Risk‐adjustment interpretation had the lowest average percent correct, 43% (95% CI, 37%‐49%). All pairwise differences between concepts were statistically significant at P <0.05.CONCLUSIONSCLABSI quality metric comprehension appears low and varies substantially among clinicians. These findings may contribute to the limited impact of quality metric reporting programs, and further research is needed.