bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of bilateral flat feet with knee pain and disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Iijima Hirotaka , Ohi Hiroshi , Isho Takuya , Aoyama Tomoki , Fukutani Naoto , Kaneda Eishi , Ohi Kazuko , Abe Kaoru , Kuroki Hiroshi , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis cross‐sectional study examined the relationship of flat feet with knee pain, disability, and physical performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Orthopedic clinic participants (n = 95; age 61–91 years; 68.4% women) with Kellgren‐Lawrence (K/L) grade ≥1 in the medial compartment underwent evaluation of navicular height and foot length for flat feet. Knee pain intensity, disability, and physical performance were evaluated using the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure, 10‐m walk, timed up and go, and five‐repetition chair stand tests. Of the 95 enrolled patients, 24 (25.3%) had bilateral flat feet, and significantly higher knee pain compared to patients with no flat feet (11.3 ± 8.23 points vs. 6.58 ± 6.37 points;p = 0.043). A ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that bilateral flat feet were significantly associated with increased knee pain (proportional odds ratio: 5.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.96, 15.3;p = 0.001) compared with no flat feet, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and tibiofemoral joint K/L grade, which is consistent across various different cutoffs of the definition of flat feet. Physical performance was similar between patients with and without bilateral flat feet. The presence of unilateral flat feet was not significantly associated with any outcome measures. These findings indicate that bilateral, but not unilateral, flat feet are associated with worse knee pain. A prospective study investigating a causal relationship between bilateral flat feet posture and knee pain as well as disability would be of particular interest to verify the potential adverse effect of altered foot posture. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2490–2498, 2017.
Simultaneous quantitative determination of 13 active components in the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Suanzaoren oral liquid by HPLC coupled with diode array detection and evaporative light scattering detection
Authors: Zhu Lin , Wang Zhenru , Zhai Xinran , Sui Zhenyu , Wang Di , Li Qing , Bi Kaishun , He Bosai , Wang Tiejie 
Published: March 2017

To control the quality of different forms of Suanzaoren decoction, an effective and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of 13 major components (neomangiferin, mangiferin, spinosin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, 6′′′‐feruloylspinosin, senkyunolide I, timosaponin BII, isoliquiritoside, timosaponin C, jujuboside A, jujuboside B, and timosaponin AIII) was developed and validated for the first time in this study using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and evaporative light scattering detection. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Venusil MP C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 30°C with a gradient of acetonitrile/redistilled water as the mobile phase. Diode array detection was carried out at a wavelength of 275 nm. The drift tube temperature and the nitrogen gas flow rate of the evaporative light scattering detection were set at 50°C and 1.6 L/min, respectively. The newly developed method was successfully applied to the determination of 13 components in lab‐prepared Suanzaoren oral liquid, Suanzaoren mixture, and clinical Suanzaoren granules, and this study showed that this was a useful way to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Suanzaoren decoction in different forms of the preparation.
Boron Subphthalocyanine Coupled to Methacrylate‐Rich Terpolymers by Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization: The Subphthalocyanine Dictates the Phase Transition Temperatures
Authors: Sampson Kathleen L. , Lessard Benoît H. , Cho Eunjung , Bender Timothy P. 
Published: March 2017

The control of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of methacrylic acid–styrene terpolymers with n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) is scoped to assess their potential to alter the thermal transitions of boron subphthalocyanine (BsubPc)‐containing polymers. The change in kinetics and physical properties of the terpolymers are observed under different synthetic and process conditions such as varying molar feed of BMA, addition of 1,4‐dioxane solvent, reaction time, concentration of N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(1‐diethylphosphono‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl) nitroxide (SG1) mediator and initiator type to find the optimal conditions. Four terpolymers are then coupled to BsubPc using the established process. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis shows that the backbone polymer composition has little effect on the Tg of the poly‐BsubPcs. Solid‐state fluorescence spectroscopy reveals that after annealing the films at temperatures higher than the Tg, BsubPc aggregates are formed and, therefore, the arrangement of the polymers is dominated by the BsubPc moiety and its self‐aggregation.
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Forecastable and Guidable Bubble‐Propelled Microplate Motors for Cell Transport
Authors: Hu Narisu , Zhang Bin , Gai Meiyu , Zheng Ce , Frueh Johannes , He Qiang 
Published: March 2017

Cell transport is important to renew body functions and organs with stem cells, or to attack cancer cells with immune cells. The main hindrances of this method are the lack of understanding of cell motion as well as proper transport systems. In this publication, bubble‐propelled polyelectrolyte microplates are used for controlled transport and guidance of HeLa cells. Cells survive attachment on the microplates and up to 22 min in 5% hydrogen peroxide solution. They can be guided by a magnetic field whereby increased friction of cells attached to microplates decreases the speed by 90% compared to pristine microplates. The motion direction of the cell–motor system is easier to predict due to the cell being opposite to the bubbles.
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A History of Dystonia: Ancient to Modern
Authors: Newby Rachel E. , Thorpe Deborah E. , Kempster Peter A. , Alty Jane E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBefore 1911, when Hermann Oppenheim introduced the term dystonia, this movement disorder lacked a unifying descriptor. While words like epilepsy, apoplexy, and palsy have had their meanings since antiquity, references to dystonia are much harder to identify in historical documents. Torticollis is an exception, although there is difficulty distinguishing dystonic torticollis from congenital muscular torticollis. There are, nevertheless, possible representations of dystonia in literature and visual art from the pre‐modern world. Eighteenth century systematic nosologists such as Linnaeus, de Sauvages, and Cullen had attempted to classify some spasmodic conditions, including torticollis. But only after Charcot's contributions to clinical neuroscience were the various forms of generalized and focal dystonia clearly delineated. They were categorized as névroses: Charcot's term for conditions without an identifiable neuroanatomical cause. For a time thereafter, psychoanalytic models of dystonia based on Freud's ideas about unconscious conflicts transduced into physical symptoms were ascendant, although there was always a dissenting “organic” school. With the rise of subspecialization in movement disorders during the 1970s, the pendulum swung strongly back toward organic causation. David Marsden's clinical and electrophysiological research on the adult‐onset focal dystonias was particularly important in establishing a physical basis for these disorders. We are still in a period of “living history” of dystonia, with much yet to be understood about pathophysiology. Rigidly dualistic models have crumbled in the face of evidence of electrophysiological and psychopathological overlap between organic and functional dystonia. More flexible biopsychosocial frameworks may address the demand for new diagnostic and therapeutic rationales.
The Presence of Alpha‐Synuclein in Skin from Melanoma and Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rodriguez‐Leyva Ildefonso , Chi‐Ahumada Erika , Mejía Manuel , Castanedo‐Cazares Juan P. , Eng William , Saikaly Sami K. , Carrizales Juan , Levine Todd D. , Norman Robert A. , Jimenez‐Capdeville Maria E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe misfolding and prion‐like propagation of the protein α‐synuclein (α‐syn) is the leading molecular signature in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is a significant coincidence ofPDand melanoma that may suggest a shared pathophysiology. This study compared the presence of α‐syn in neural crest‐derived tissues, such as nevi, melanoma, skin tags, and skin biopsies from patients withPDand healthy controls.MethodsBiopsies from participants withPDwere obtained from patients from a tertiary referral center for dermatology and neurology in Mexico and a private dermatopathology center in Florida between January 2015 and March 2016. Biopsies from 7 patients with melanoma, 15 with nevi, 9 with skin tags, 8 withPD, and 9 skin biopsies from healthy volunteers were analyzed for immunohistochemical determination of α‐syn and tyrosinase. All analyses were performed by pathologists who were blinded with respect to the clinical diagnosis.ResultsIn healthy controls, positive α‐syn status was restricted to scattered cells in the basal layer of the epidermis and accounted for 1 ± 0.8% of the analyzed area. In patients withPD, there was increased staining for α‐synPD(3.3 ± 2.3%), with a higher percentage of positive cells in nevi (7.7 ± 5.5%) and melanoma (13.6 ± 3.5%). There was no increased staining in skin tags compared with healthy controls.ConclusionPatients withPDand melanoma have increased staining for α‐syn in their skin. The authors propose that neurons and melanocytes, both derived from neuroectodermal cells, may share protein synthesis and regulation pathways that become dysfunctional inPDand melanoma.
Applications for self‐administered mobile cognitive assessments in clinical research: A systematic review
Authors: Moore Raeanne C. , Swendsen Joel , Depp Colin A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFrequent, brief and repeated self‐administered mobile assessments of cognitive function, conducted in everyday life settings, are a promising complementary tool to traditional assessment approaches. Mobile cognitive assessments promote patient‐centered care and might enhance capacity to inform individual‐level outcomes over time (i.e. detecting subtle declines in cognitive function), as well as in assessing cognition and its correlates in the naturalistic environment. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the feasibility and psychometric properties of mobile cognitive assessments. Through a comprehensive search, we identified 12 articles using self‐administered, mobile phone‐based cognitive assessments. Studies sampled participants between 1 and 6 times per day for 1–14 days. Samples ranged in age from 14 to 83 years old and were generally healthy populations without cognitive impairment. Working memory was the most frequently‐assessed cognitive domain (n = 7), followed by attention/reaction time (n = 4). Seven studies reported adherence, with mean adherence rates of 79.2%. In addition to positive evidence of feasibility, there was general support for high levels of between‐ and within‐person reliability and construct validity. While research has only begun to explore the utility of mobile cognitive assessments, studies to‐date indicate they may be a promising complementary tool to traditional assessment methods with potential to improve clinical care and research.
MRI reveals therapeutical efficacy of stem cells: An experimental study on the SOD1(G93A) animal model
Authors: Bontempi Pietro , Busato Alice , Bonafede Roberta , Schiaffino Lorenzo , Scambi Ilaria , Sbarbati Andrea , Mariotti Raffaella , Marzola Pasquina 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe first part of the experiment identifies and validates MRI biomarkers distinctive of the disease progression in the transgenic superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1(G93A)) animal model. The second part assesses the efficacy of a mesenchymal stem cell‐based therapy through the MRI biomarkers previously defined.MethodsThe first part identifies MRI differences between SOD1(G93A) and healthy mice. The second part of the experiment follows the disease evolution of stem cell‐treated and non–stem‐cell treated SOD1(G93A) mice. The analysis focused on voxel‐based morphometry and T2 mapping on the brain tissues, and T2‐weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on the hind limbs.ResultsComparing diseased mice to healthy control revealed gray matter alterations in the brainstem area, accompanied by increased T2 relaxation time. Differences in muscle volume, muscle signal intensity, fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were measured in the hind limbs. In the comparison between stem cell‐treated mice and nontreated ones, differences in muscle volume, muscle signal intensity, and DTI‐derived maps were found.ConclusionMRI‐derived biomarkers can be used to identify differences between stem cell‐treated and nontreated SOD1(G93A) mice. Magn Reson Med 79:459–469, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Radiofrequency heating studies on anesthetized swine using fractionated dipole antennas at 10.5 T
Authors: Eryaman Yiğitcan , Lagore Russell L. , Ertürk M. Arcan , Utecht Lynn , Zhang Patrick , Torrado‐Carvajal Angel , Türk Esra Abaci , DelaBarre Lance , Metzger Gregory J. , Adriany Gregor , Uğurbil Kâmil , Vaughan J. Thomas 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo validate electromagnetic and thermal simulations with in vivo temperature measurements, and to demonstrate a framework that can be used to predict temperature increase caused by radiofrequency (RF) excitation with dipole transmitter arrays.MethodsDipole arrays were used to deliver RF energy in the back/neck region of the swine using different RF excitation patterns (n = 2–4 per swine) for heating. The temperature in anesthetized swine (n = 3) was measured using fluoroscopic probes (n = 12) and compared against thermal modeling from animal‐specific electromagnetic simulations.ResultsSimulated temperature curves were in agreement with the measured data. The root mean square error between simulated and measured temperature rise at all locations (at the end of each RF excitation) is calculated as 0.37°C. The mean experimental temperature rise at the maximum temperature rise locations (averaged over all experiments) is calculated as 2.89°C. The root mean square error between simulated and measured temperature at the maximum temperature rise location is calculated as 0.57°C. (Error values are averaged over all experiments.)ConclusionsElectromagnetic and thermal simulations were validated with experiments. Thermal effects of RF excitation at 10.5 Tesla with dipoles were investigated. Magn Reson Med 79:479–488, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Power‐efficient routing for SDN with discrete link rates and size‐limited flow tables: A tree‐based particle swarm optimization approach
Authors: Awad Mohamad Khattar , El‐Shafei Mohammed , Dimitriou Tassos , Rafique Yousef , Baidas Mohammed , Alhusaini Ammar 
Published: March 2017

SummarySoftware‐defined networking is a promising networking paradigm for achieving programmability and centralized control in communication networks. These features simplify network management and enable innovation in network applications and services such as routing, virtual machine migration, load balancing, security, access control, and traffic engineering. The routing application can be optimized for power efficiency by routing flows and coalescing them such that the least number of links is activated with the lowest link rates. However, in practice, flow coalescing can generally overflow the flow tables, which are implemented in a size‐limited and power‐hungry ternary content addressable memory (TCAM). In this paper, a set of practical constraints is imposed to the software‐defined networking routing problem, namely, size‐limited flow table and discrete link rate constraints, to ensure applicability in real networks. Because the problem is NP‐hard and difficult to approximate, a low‐complexity particle swarm optimization–based and power‐efficient routing (PSOPR) heuristic is proposed. Performance evaluation results revealed that PSOPR achieves more than 90% of the optimal network power consumption while requiring only 0.0045% to 0.9% of the optimal computation time in real‐network topologies. In addition, PSOPR generates shorter routes than the optimal routes generated by CPLEX.
Cousins not twins: intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity in syndromic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Flynn Aidan , Dwight Trisha , Benn Diana , Deb Siddhartha , Colebatch Andrew J , Fox Stephen , Harris Jessica , Duncan Emma L , Robinson Bruce , Hogg Annette , Ellul Jason , To Henry , Duong Cuong , Miller Julie A , Yates Christopher , James Paul , Trainer Alison , Gill Anthony J , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick , Hicks Rodney J , Tothill Richard W 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHereditary endocrine neoplasias, including phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma and medullary thyroid cancer, are caused by autosomal dominant mutations in several familial cancer genes. A common feature of these diseases is the presentation of multiple primary tumours, or multifocal disease representing independent tumour clones that have arisen from the same initiating genetic lesion, but have undergone independent clonal evolution. Such tumours provide an opportunity to discover common cooperative changes required for tumourigenesis, while controlling for the genetic background of the individual. We performed genomic analysis of synchronous and metachronous tumours from five patients bearing germline mutations in the genes SDHB, RET, and MAX. Using whole exome sequencing and high‐density single‐nucleotide polymorphism arrays, we analysed two to four primary tumours from each patient. We also applied multi‐region sampling, to assess intratumoural heterogeneity and clonal evolution, in two cases involving paraganglioma and medullary thyroid cancer, respectively. Heterogeneous patterns of genomic change existed between synchronous or metachronous tumours, with evidence of branching evolution. We observed striking examples of evolutionary convergence involving the same rare somatic copy‐number events in synchronous primary phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Convergent events also occurred during clonal evolution of metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. These observations suggest that genetic or epigenetic changes acquired early within precursor cells, or pre‐existing within the genetic background of the individual, create contingencies that determine the evolutionary trajectory of the tumour. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to statins is associated to fracture risk reduction in elderly people with cardiovascular disease: evidence from the AIFA‐I‐GrADE observational project
Authors: Rea Federico , Bonassi Stefano , Vitale Cristiana , Trifirò Gianluca , Cascini Silvia , Roberto Giuseppe , Chinellato Alessandro , Lucenteforte Ersilia , Mugelli Alessandro , Corrao Giovanni ,   On behalf of the I‐GrADE investigators
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeConflicting findings were observed from clinical trials and observational studies evaluating the association between the use of statins and the risk of fracture. A case–control study nested into a cohort of elderly patients on treatment with statins for cardiovascular secondary prevention was performed on this issue.MethodsThe cohort was formed by 13 875 individuals aged ≥65 years from several Italian health units receiving statins after hospital discharge for cardiovascular outcomes. From this cohort, 964 patients who experienced fracture were identified (i.e., cases). Up to five controls were randomly selected for each case from the underlying cohort. Conditional logistic regression was used to model the risk of fracture associated with adherence to statins, which was measured from the proportion of days covered (PDC) by treatment. A set of sensitivity analyses was performed in order to account for sources of systematic uncertainty.ResultsCompared with patients with low adherence (PDC ≤ 40%), those on intermediate (PDC 41–80%) and high (PDC > 80%) adherence exhibited a risk reduction of 21% (95% confidence interval 6% to 23%) and 25% (7% to 40%). Similar effects were observed among patients younger and older than 80 years, as well as among men, while there was no evidence that adherence to statins affected the risk of fracture among women. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the associations were consistent and robust.ConclusionsUse of statins for secondary cardiovascular prevention is associated with fracture risk reduction in elderly people. Further studies are required to better clarify the statin–fracture association in postmenopausal women. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and synthesis of thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione based conjugated copolymers for organic solar cells
Authors: Kotturappa Chandrashekara G , Gopikrishna Murali M , Rao Arun D , Ramamurthy Praveen C 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new series of conjugated copolymers (PBDT‐TPD, PBDT‐Th‐TPD, PBDT‐TT‐TPD) containing donor–acceptor (D − A) structure electron‐rich benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) units with branched alkyl thiophene side chains and electron‐deficient 5‐(2‐octyl)‐4H‐thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6(5H)‐dione (TPD) units was designed and synthesized. To tune the optical and electrochemical properties of the copolymers, the conjugation length of the copolymers was extended by introducing π‐conjugated spacers such as thiophene and thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene units. It was observed that PBDT‐TPD showed broader absorption spectra in the longer wavelength region and the absorption maximum was red‐shifted compared to that of PBDT‐Th‐TPD, PBDT‐TT‐TPD. Stokes shifts were calculated to be 52 nm for PBDT‐TPD, 153 nm for PBDT‐Th‐TPD and 146 nm for PBDT‐TT‐TPD. Further, PBDT‐TPD exhibited a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of −5.53 eV as calculated by cyclic voltammetry. Bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated using PBDT‐TPD as donor material exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 1.92%. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry