bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF SECONDARY PG PHASES FROM OBS WIDE‐ANGLE SEISMIC SURVEY AND THEIR ROLE IN CRUSTAL IMAGING
Authors: Kui‐Yuan WAN , Jing‐He CAO , Shao‐Hong XIA , Jin‐Long SUN , Hai‐Bo HUANG , Hui‐Long XU 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe application of multiple waves is an important content of marine exploration, and eliminating or utilizing the multiple waves is one of the significant topics in the processing of seismic data. However, little work is concerned with the multiple waves of Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) wide‐angle seismic survey and taking advantage of them to improve the ability of seismic imaging. This study attempts to understand the characteristics of the secondary Pg phases and analyze the applications of seismic imaging in OBS wide angle seismic survey.We firstly identify and know the secondary Pg phases from synthetic seismogram sections and record waveforms then calculate and analyze particle motions of primary Pg and secondary Pg phases through the azimuth angle rotation. After understanding the secondary Pg phases, we get the propagation path by the theoretical model simulation and calculation of measured data with the P wave travel forward modeling method based on the RAYINVR. In addition, improving the seismic imaging is expected, so we used the theoretical model and the actual model of OBS2010 to show the work of the crustal structure imaging.The secondary Pg phases roughly parallel and follow closely the primary Pg phase, and are characterized by continuous, clear phase and strong amplitude. An obvious vibration is observed behind the vibration of the primary Pg with stronger amplitude, which is supposed to be the secondary Pg phase. On the basis of particle motions, the secondary Pg phases belong to the P‐wave seismic phase. The travel‐time fitting of the possible propagation path based on the test data gave three different results: (a) the χ2 value is 14.921 when the reflecting layer is water layer and sediment; (b) the χ2 value is 193.264 when the reflecting layer is the single water layer; and (c) the χ2 value is 1.786 when the reflecting layer is the single sediment. After theoretical investigation and data tests, we have the following conclusions: (1) the secondary Pg phases are characterized by P‐wave; (2) the secondary Pg phases are mainly from the reflection between the sediments, which (3) greatly increase the constraint on the basement, and (4) improve the imaging resolution of the sediments and the upper crust.
Left ventricular stiffness estimated by diastolic wall strain is associated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in structurally normal hearts
Authors: Uetake Shunsuke , Maruyama Mitsunori , Yamamoto Teppei , Kato Katsuhito , Miyauchi Yasushi , Seino Yoshihiko , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction depends on an impaired relaxation and stiffness. Abnormal LV relaxation contributes to the development of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the role of LV stiffness in AF remains unclear.HypothesisDiastolic wall strain (DWS), a load‐independent, noninvasive direct measure of LV stiffness, correlates with prevalent AF.MethodsThis study included 328 consecutive subjects with structurally normal hearts: 164 paroxysmal AF patients and 164 age‐ and sex‐matched (1:1) controls. We calculated the DWS from the M‐mode echocardiographic measurements of the LV posterior wall thickness at end‐systole and end‐diastole during sinus rhythm.ResultsThe DWS was lower in the AF patients (0.35 ± 0.07) than in the controls (0.41 ± 0.06; P < 0.001). After adjusting for the risk factors of AF using a conditional logistic regression analysis, a history of hypertension, plasma brain‐type natriuretic peptide level, and DWS were independently associated with AF prevalence, whereas body mass index, LV mass index, left atrial volume, and any conventional indices of the diastolic function were not. A low DWS (<0.380) was the strongest indicator of AF (odds ratio: 6.22, 95% confidence interval: 3.08‐14.2, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIncreased LV stiffness estimated by DWS was a strong determinant of the prevalence of AF. LV stiffness may play a role in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal AF in structurally normal hearts.
α‐Amylase Modulation: Discovery of Inhibitors Using a Multi‐Pharmacophore Approach for Virtual Screening
Authors: Al‐Asri Jamil , Gyémánt Gyöngyi , Fazekas Erika , Lehoczki Gábor , Melzig Matthias F. , Wolber Gerhard , Mortier Jérémie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBetter control of postprandial hyperglycemia can be achieved by delaying the absorption of glucose resulting from carbohydrate digestion. Because α‐amylase initiates the hydrolysis of polysaccharides, the design of α‐amylase inhibitors can lead to the development of new treatments for metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes and obesity. In this study, a rational computer‐aided approach was developed to identify novel α‐amylase inhibitors. Three‐dimensional pharmacophores were developed based on the binding mode analysis of six different families of compounds that bind to this enzyme. In a stepwise virtual screening workflow, seven molecules were selected from a library of 1.4 million. Five out of seven biologically tested compounds showed α‐amylase inhibition, and the two most potent compounds inhibited α‐amylase with IC50 values of 17 and 27 μm. The scaffold benzylideneacetohydrazide was shared by four of the discovered inhibitors, emerging as a novel drug‐like non‐carbohydrate fragment and constituting a promising lead scaffold for α‐amylase inhibition.
Mutation location on the RAS oncogene affects pathologic features and survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Frankel Timothy L. , Vakiani Efsevia , Nathan Hari , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Kingham T. Peter , Allen Peter J. , Jarnagin William R. , Kemeny Nancy E. , Solit David B. , D'Angelica Michael I. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDIn the past 3 decades, a better understanding of gene mutations and their role in carcinogenesis has led to improvement in our ability to treat patients with metastatic disease. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the location of a driver mutation within an affected gene impacts the biology of metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODSDNA was collected from 165 randomly selected specimens of patients who underwent margin‐negative resection of colorectal liver metastases with curative intent. Sequenom analysis and Sanger sequencing were used to evaluate mutations in K/NRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF, and TP53.RESULTSBRAF mutation was associated with early recurrence and death, whereas no impact of TP53 or PIK3CA mutation was identified. Although K/NRAS mutation was associated with worse survival in this cohort, this difference was no longer evident when those who had received anti‐EGFR therapy were excluded. When stratifying patients according to the exon on which K/NRAS was mutated, there were dramatic differences in both survival and pathologic features. Exon 4 mutations were associated with large, solitary metastases occurring at long disease‐free intervals compared with exon 3 mutations, which presented with small, numerous lesions. Patients who had exon 4 mutations recurred infrequently and had significantly longer survival compared with those who had wild type or other mutations.CONCLUSIONSBy using this model of curative‐intent, margin‐negative resection in patients at high risk of recurrence, the authors were able to establish a link between mutation location within the K/NRAS gene and the biology of metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer 2017;123:568–575. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Knowledge of the HPV status biases cytotechnologists' interpretation of Pap tests originally diagnosed as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy
Authors: Doxtader Erika E. , Brainard Jennifer A. , Underwood Dawn , Chute Deborah J. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDBecause of cervical cancer screening recommendations and forthcoming first‐line human papillomavirus (HPV) screening, many Papanicolaou (Pap) tests will be performed in patients with known concurrent HPV results. This study was designed to evaluate whether knowledge of the HPV status affects cytotechnologists' interpretation of Pap tests.METHODSA retrospective search of cervical screening Pap tests with known concurrent HPV results provided 250 ThinPrep Pap tests, which were chosen to reflect an atypical rate similar to the rate of the Cleveland Clinic's normal practice. Fifty percent of negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) cases were from patients with positive HPV results. Slides were re‐evaluated twice by 8 cytotechnologists blinded to the diagnosis and study purpose. The HPV status was provided for 50% of the cases in the first phase; after a washout period, knowledge of the HPV status for each case was reversed in the second phase. Follow‐up information was collected from the medical record.RESULTSIn both phases, there was a significant bias for HPV‐positive NILM cases to be upgraded to ASCUS or worse when the HPV‐positive status was provided (P < .001). When the HPV status was withheld, there was no difference in upgrading NILM cases (phase 1, P = .69; phase 2, P = .066). A combined analysis showed a significant bias in referral to the pathologist when the HPV‐positive status was provided rather than withheld (P < .001). Follow‐up data revealed no significant effect of bias when the HPV‐positive status was provided between patient groups with benign, low‐grade, or high‐grade follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSA known HPV‐positive status biases cytotechnologists' interpretation of Pap tests, and this results in a higher rate of upgrading to ASCUS or worse; however, it does not improve sensitivity for disease detection. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:60‐69. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Automated Measurement of Blood Vessels in Tissues from Microscopy Images
Authors: Kelly Neil J. , Dandachi Nadine , Goncharov Dmitry A. , Pena Andressa Z. , Radder Josiah E. , Gregory Alyssa D. , Lai Yen‐Chun , Leme Adriana S. , Gladwin Mark T. , Goncharova Elena A. , St. Croix Claudette M. , Shapiro Steven D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe quantification of tunica media thickness in histological cross sections is a ubiquitous exercise in cardiopulmonary research, yet the methods for quantifying medial wall thickness have never been rigorously examined with modern image analysis tools. As a result, inaccurate and cumbersome manual measurements of discrete wall regions along the vessel periphery have become common practice for wall thickness quantification. The aim of this study is to introduce, validate, and facilitate the use of an improved method for medial wall thickness quantification. We describe a novel method of wall thickness calculation based on image skeletonization and compare its results to those of common techniques. Using both theoretical and empirical approaches, we demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of the skeleton‐based method for measuring wall thickness while discussing its interpretation and limitations. Finally, we present a new freely available software tool, the VMI Calculator, to facilitate wall thickness measurements using our novel method. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hardware locks for a real‐time Java chip multiprocessor
Authors: Strøm Tórur Biskopstø , Puffitsch Wolfgang , Schoeberl Martin 
Published: October 2016

SummaryA software locking mechanism commonly protects shared resources for multithreaded applications. This mechanism can, especially in chip‐multiprocessor systems, result in a large synchronization overhead. For real‐time systems in particular, this overhead increases the worst‐case execution time and may void a task set's schedulability. This paper presents 2 hardware locking mechanisms to reduce the worst‐case time required to acquire and release synchronization locks. These solutions are implemented for the chip‐multiprocessor version of the Java Optimized Processor. The 2 hardware locking mechanisms are compared with a software locking solution as well as the original locking system of the processor. The hardware cost and performance are evaluated for all presented locking mechanisms. The performance of the better‐performing hardware locks is comparable with that of the original single global lock when contending for the same lock. When several noncontending locks are used, the hardware locks enable true concurrency for critical sections. Benchmarks show that using the hardware locks yields performance ranging from no worse than the original locks to more than twice their best performance. This improvement can allow a larger number of real‐time tasks to be reliably scheduled on a multiprocessor real‐time platform. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hadamard Homonuclear Broadband Decoupled TOCSY NMR: Improved Efficacy in Detecting Long‐range Chemical Shift Correlations
Authors: Kakita Veera Mohana Rao , Hosur Ramakrishna V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe importance of Hadamard encoding pulses in one‐dimensional pure shift yielded by the chirp excitation version of selective total correlation spectroscopy (1D PSYCHE–TOCSY) experiments is discussed for chemical‐shift analysis of complex natural products at ultrahigh resolution. Herein, we adapted HnHadamard matrices to 1D PSYCHE–TOCSY and observed an overall circa square root ofn‐fold enhancement in the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio when compared to conventional 1D PSYCHE–TOCSY recorded by refocusing only one spin at a time. This enhancement in S/N facilitates the observation of very weak long‐range chemical‐shift correlations from Hadamard‐encoded PSYCHE–TOCSY (HE–PSYCHE–TOCSY). The proposed method will have a significant impact on structure determination of complex isolated/ synthetic natural products.
First Examples of de Vries‐like Smectic A to Smectic C Phase Transitions in Ionic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kapernaum Nadia , Müller Carsten , Moors Svenja , Schlick M. Christian , Wuckert Eugen , Laschat Sabine , Giesselmann Frank 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn ionic liquid crystals, the orthogonal smectic A phase is the most common phase whereas the tilted smectic C phase is rather rare. We present a new study with five novel ionic liquid crystals exhibiting both a smectic A as well as the rare smectic C phase. Two of them have a phenylpyrimidine core whereas the other three are imidazolium azobenzenes. Their phase sequences and tilt angles were studied by polarizing microscopy and their temperature‐dependent layer spacing as well as their translational and orientational order parameters were studied by X‐ray diffraction. The X‐ray tilt angles derived from X‐ray studies of the layer contraction and the optically measured tilt angles of the five ionic liquid crystals were compared to obtain their de Vries character. Four of our five mesogens turned out to show de Vries‐like behavior with a layer shrinkage that is far less than that expected for conventional materials. These materials can thus be considered as the first de Vries‐type materials among ionic liquid crystals.
Theory of Ultralong‐Range Rydberg Molecule Formation Incorporating Spin‐Dependent Relativistic Effects: Cs(6s)–Cs(np) as Case Study
Authors: Markson Samuel , Rittenhouse Seth T. , Schmidt Richard , Shaffer James P. , Sadeghpour H. R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe calculate vibrational spectra of ultralong‐range Cs(32p) Rydberg molecules that form in an ultracold gas of Cs atoms. We account for the partial‐wave scattering of the Rydberg electrons from the Cs perturber atoms by including the full set of spin‐resolved 1,3SJ and 1,3PJ scattering phase shifts, and allow for the mixing of singlet (S=0) and triplet (S=1) spin states through Rydberg electron spin‐orbit and ground state electron hyperfine interactions. Excellent agreement with observed data in Saßmannshausen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 113, 133201] in line positions and profiles is obtained. We also determine the spin‐dependent permanent electric dipole moments for these molecules. This is the first such calculation of ultralong‐range Rydberg molecules for which all of the relativistic contributions are accounted.
Genetic Risk Scores
Authors: Cooke Bailey Jessica N. , Igo Robert P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe generation of genome‐wide variation data has become commonplace. However, the potential for interpretation and application of these data for clinical assessment of outcomes of interest, and prediction of disease risk, is currently not fully realized. Many common, complex diseases now have numerous, well‐established “risk” loci, and likely harbor many genetic determinants with effects too small to be detected at genome‐wide levels of statistical significance. A simple and intuitive approach for converting genetic data to a predictive measure of disease susceptibility is to aggregate the risk effects of these loci into a single genetic risk score. Here, some common methods and software packages for calculating genetic risk scores, with focus on studies of common, complex diseases, are described. The basic information needed as well as important considerations for constructing genetic risk scores, including specific requirements for phenotypic and genetic data, and limitations in their application is reviewed. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High‐Risk Screening of Fabry Disease: Analysis of Fifteen Urinary Methylated and Non‐Methylated Gb3 Isoforms Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Abaoui Mona , Boutin Michel , Lavoie Pamela , Auray‐Blais Christiane 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFabry disease is a multisystemic, X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene, leading to α‐galactosidase A deficiency and resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in different tissues and biological fluids. Glycosphingolipid biomarkers, such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) isoforms, globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso‐Gb3) and related analogs, and galabiosylceramide (Ga2) isoforms and analogs, are found to be abnormally increased in urine and in plasma of Fabry patients and have the potential to be used as specific biomarkers of the disease. This unit presents a protocol for the relative quantification of fifteen urinary isoforms of Gb3 analyzed simultaneously with creatinine by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). In order to purify urine samples, a liquid‐liquid extraction is performed and samples are analyzed by MS/MS in positive electrospray ionization mode. These biomarkers are useful for screening, diagnosis, and long‐term monitoring of Fabry disease patients. We have shown that the methylated Gb3 isoforms are particularly useful for screening Fabry patients who present with late‐onset cardiac variant mutations. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Phenothiazine‐Based D–A–π–A Dyes for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Effect of Internal Acceptor and Non‐Conjugated π‐Spacer on Device Performance
Authors: Nagane Satyawan , Ichake Amol , Agrawal Ishita , Sadhanala Aditya , Friend Richard H. , Ogale Satishchandra , Wadgaonkar Prakash P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThree new D–A–π–A metal‐free organic dyes based on phenothiazine as a donor (D) and non‐conjugated π‐spacer were designed and synthesized. The incorporation of different ‘internal acceptors’ (electron traps) such as benzothiadiazole (BTD), benzotriazole (BTA), and pyridine were shown to allow systematic tuning of the energy levels and the photophysical properties. The AI‐1 dye showed lower electronic disorder compared with the other two dyes. The efficiencies achieved with AI‐1, AI‐2, and AI‐3 dyes were 8.5 % (Jsc=15.42 mA cm−2, Voc=0.78 V, FF=68 %), 7 % (Jsc=12.8 mA cm−2, Voc=0.78 V, FF=68 %) and 6.7 % (Jsc=11.57 mA cm−2, Voc=0.82 V, FF=68.26 %), respectively. The incorporation of non‐conjugated phenothiazine as a π‐spacer in D–A–π–A dyes showed remarkable enhancement in the photovoltaic performance of dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices. The sealed DSSC devices with iodide/tri‐iodide (I−/I3−)‐based liquid electrolyte showed promising stability under ambient conditions.
A methodology to design continuous‐time adaptive equalizers
Authors: Sánchez‐Azqueta C. , Gimeno C. , Aguirre J. , Aldea C. , Celma S. 
Published: October 2016

SummarySerial communications systems suffer from channel bandwidth limitations that result in eye closure and inter‐symbol interference. Adaptive equalization at the receiver is widely implemented to alleviate this, and a number of continuous‐time techniques aiming multi‐gigabit operation have been proposed. The operation of adaptive equalizers is based on signal filtering carried out by loop filters whose characteristics are usually given ad‐hoc after a trial and error process. This paper presents a unified analysis of the operation of continuous‐time adaptive equalizers that results in a general design methodology to select the frequency characteristics of the filters implemented in the adaptation loop. Using the proposed methodology, a novel adaptation loop filter combination incorporating two low‐pass filters is presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The newborn human NK cell repertoire is phenotypically formed but functionally reduced
Authors: Strauss‐Albee Dara M. , Liang Emily C. , Ranganath Thanmayi , Aziz Natali , Blish Catherine A. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundInfection is a leading cause of death worldwide in babies under 1 month of age. Better vaccines and therapeutics are desperately needed for this vulnerable population.MethodsBecause newborns rely heavily on the innate immune system, we evaluated cell phenotype and function of some of the earliest cellular responders during infection, natural killer (NK) cells. We used mass cytometry to provide a comprehensive comparison of NK cells from umbilical cord blood and adult peripheral blood.ResultsIn unsupervised analyses, including viSNE and principal component analysis, the structure of the cord blood and adult NK cell repertoires are highly similar, distinguishable mainly by maturity‐related markers expressed on rare subpopulations of cells. However, in functional analyses, cord blood NK cells show reduced degranulation and cytokine production following target recognition, as well as antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in targets.ConclusionsThese findings show that the structure of the NK cell repertoire is intact at birth, suggesting great potential for vaccine and therapeutic strategies targeting this cell population. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Improving reliability performance of diffusion‐based molecular communication with adaptive threshold variation algorithm
Authors: He Peng , Mao Yuming , Liu Qiang , Yang Kun 
Published: October 2016

SummaryReliability is a vital issue in the area of communication. In this paper, we particularly investigate the reliability issue for diffusion‐based molecular communication. First, we present the communication process in system model, where a classified model is further developed at the side of receiver to divide received molecules into signal, inter‐symbol interference, and noise branches. The classified model is used to prove the feasibility and necessity of improving the reliability performance. Second, an adaptive threshold variation (ATV) algorithm is designed to be able to improve the reliability performance that enables the receiver to adapt the channel condition properly through learning process. Furthermore, the complexity of ATV and the performance in various noisy conditions are discussed. An expression of signal to interference plus noise ratio is defined in numerical simulation to verify our goal with variational parameters, as well as with the adoption of ATV algorithm. The results indicate that ATV algorithm works well in general case in improving reliability performance for diffusion‐based molecular communication.