bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis Syndrome
Authors: Fayez Jamil A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTwo cases of gonadal dysgenesis in phenotypic females associated with different chromosomal patterns are discussed. Both patients presented with primary amenorrhea and were characterized by tall stature and underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics and external and internal reproductive organs. The karyotype of the first patient was 46,XX with a satellite on chromosome 17. The second patient had a normal female chromosome composition (46,XX) with a past history of mumps. Laparoscopic bilateral gonadal biopsies in both patients revealed fibrous tissue without any primordial follicles. This report emphasizes the pathogenesis, clinical significance, diagnosis and management of gonadal dysgenesis.
Microinvasive Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Javaheri G. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThere has been remarkable improvement in the early diagnosis of cervical carcinoma in recent years. There is, however, disagreement regarding the definition and treatment of microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. This review analyzes a large number of reports representing current opinion about the definition, diagnosis and appropriate management of early cervical carcinoma.
Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Normal, Premature and Postmature Newborns and Their Mothers
Authors: Salimonu L. S. , Ladipo O. A. , Adeniran S. O. , Osukoya B. O. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTImmunoglobulin (Ig) levels (IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD) were measured in 92 paired maternal and cord sera by the modified single radial immunodiffusion method. There was a progressive increase in mean IgG levels as the gestational age increased which reached a maximum of 1771 mg/100 ml in the postmature babies. The mean IgG level of infants of 32–36 weeks' gestation was lowest (1395 mg/100 ml). The maternal IgG levels were generally higher than those of the cord sera. The mean maternal IgG level (1773 mg/100 ml) was considerably higher than the corresponding level in the cord sera of the lowest gestational age group. Such marked difference was not present in newborns who were of normal gestational ages. The mean IgA and IgM levels of the cord sera were low. There were no significant differences between the mean IgA and IgM levels of newborns in different gestational age groups, even when their mothers showed variations in mean IgA and IgM levels. There was no detectable level of IgD in the cord sera.
Correlates of Human Umbilical Cord Length
Authors: Agboola A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study of the umbilical cord lengths of 602 Nigerian infants delivered at term, the mean, median and modal measurements were 57.48, 57.71 and 68.00 cm, respectively (range = 20–100 cm). There was a significant positive correlation between cord length and fetal weight (r = 0.2177, p < 0.001) and also between cord length and placental weight (r = 0.2504, p < 0.001). Other fetal and maternal variables studied did not correlate with cord length. Further investigations of the factors responsible for the growth of the umbilical vessels are needed.
Ovarian and Peripheral Venous Blood Prostaglandin F2α Levels in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women
Authors: Walters W. A. W. , Greco S. , Vijayakumar R. , Wood C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTProstaglandin F2α (PGFF2α) was measured by radioimmunoassay in human blood plasma collected from both ovarian veins and from a peripheral vein in eight pregnant and seven nonpregnant women. In the pregnant women, significantly higher levels of PGF2α were found in venous blood plasma taken from the ovary which contained the corpus luteum than were found in either the ovarian vein blood plasma from the opposite ovary or in the blood plasma from a peripheral vein. Thus, PGF2α levels in the venous blood plasma from the ovary without a corpus luteum were not significantly different from those found in the peripheral venous blood plasma. In seven nonpregnant women, significantly higher levels of PGF2α were found in the venous blood plasma taken from the ovary which contained a corpus luteum than were found in the blood plasma taken from a peripheral vein. The former levels did not differ significantly from those found in the venous blood plasma taken from the ovary without a corpus luteum in these nonpregnant women. Thus, in nonpregnant women a significant difference was found between PGF2α levels in the venous blood plasma from the ovary without a corpus luteum and those in peripheral venous blood plasma.
International Maternity Care Monitoring: Results of a Pretest
Authors: Bernard Roger P. , de Watteville Hubert , Kessel Elton , Ravenholt R. T. , Kendall Ellen M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis report gives the preliminary results of a pretest cosponsored by the International Fertility Research Program and the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. It includes data on 33 116 deliveries in 20 maternity centers in Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia. The findings are organized around four themes: (a) family formation and reproductive history, (b) family health, (c) management of this delivery and (d) desired family size and family planning practices.
Dinitrochlorobenzene Reactivity of Women with Cancer of the Ovary, Cervix and Corpus Uteri
Authors: Khoo Soo Keat , Mackay Eric , Daunter Brian 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTGeneral immune competence was tested by contact skin reactivity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in 22 women with preinvasive and 185 with invasive cancer of the cervix, 115 with cancer of the ovary, 65 with cancer of the corpus and 50 control patients. Although DNCB reactivity was least affected when the tumor was localized (stage I), about 25% of women with cancer of the ovary and cervix and nearly 50% of women with cancer of the corpus showed impaired reactivity. A correlation between the initial reactivity and tumor behavior was found at 12 and 24 months of follow‐up. At 12 months, the response to treatment was significantly better in the normal DNCB reactor: 97% response in patients with cancer of the cervix and 76% response in those with cancer of the ovary. At 24 months, there was favorable tumor response in 79% of normal DNCB reactors compared with 47% and 50%, respectively, of those with reduced reactivity and those with anergy. Alterations in the level of DNCB reactivity were observed when patients were tested sequentially. During 24 months of follow‐up, the retention of or increase in reactivity was associated with complete or partial tumor response, whereas impaired reactivity was frequently observed in patients with nonresponsive, recurrent or progressive disease. These findings indicate the value of DNCB testing in monitoring tumor behavior.
A Colposcopic Study of the Effect of IUDs on Cervical Epithelium
Authors: Medhat Ibrahim , Boyce John , Sillman Frederick , Waxman Marion , Fruchter Rachel 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA case‐control study was undertaken to investigate the effects of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) on the histology of cervical epithelium. Ninety‐one women who had used IUDs for 2‐13 years were case subjects and were compared with the same number of women who had never used any form of contraception (control subjects). Two subgroups were investigated, group A and group B. Group A consisted of 53 IUD users and 53 controls coming to family planning and gynecology clinics, and group B consisted of 38 IUD users and 38 controls from dysplasia clinics. Cervical cytology and colposcopically directed cervical biopsies were taken in all women. There was no difference between IUD users and control subjects in the proportion or the severity of dysplasia in either group A or group B. There was no evidence of an increase in the prevalence or severity of dysplasia with prolonged IUD use.
Maternal Plasma, Human Placental Lactogen, α‐Fetoprotein, Prolactin and Growth Hormone in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Harrison Robert F. , Biswas S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTHuman placental lactogen (HPL), α‐fetoprotein, prolactin and growth hormones were assayed simultaneously twice weekly in 21 women from 4‐16 weeks' gestation. Mean levels were established from 15 of the women for comparison with one woman with a twin pregnancy, two who aborted and three who received progestogen supplements. There was wide interpatient variation in all hormone levels excepting HPL. The mean levels of all except growth hormone showed an upward trend. Mean growth hormone levels were higher initially but remained within a 2‐4 ng/ml range throughout.In the twin pregnancy, only HPL and α‐fetoprotein levels were significantly raised. HPL was detected in one of the two women who aborted, whereas growth hormone was initially extremely high, falling precipitously prior to abortion in both women. Treatment with progestogen supplements did not appear to influence any of the hormones measured. This study suggests that serial estimations of HPL appear to be the most cost‐effective guide to early fetal well‐being of the four hormones measured.
Verrucous Carcinoma of the Vulva
Authors: Stehman Frederick B. , Castaldo Thomas W. , Charles Elsworth H. , Lagasse Leo D. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThree cases of verrucous carcinoma of the vulva are reported. This variant of epidermoid carcinoma can easily be misdiagnosed if correlation is not made between the clinical and histopathologic appearance. These tumors tend to invade locally and rarely metastasize. Anaplastic transformation has been reported after radiation therapy, making surgical excision the treatment of choice.
Effect of Estrogen on Fasting Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Varma Thankam R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSixty postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms were treated with either clonidine hydrochloride or piperazine estrone sulfate in two different dosage strengths. Neither drug had an adverse effect on serum lipid levels and there was no significant change in the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels during treatment.
Sinusoidal Pattern of Uterine Contractions in Abruptio Placentae
Authors: Caspi B. , Lancet M. , Kessler I. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThree cases of vaginal bleeding during labor associated with high‐frequency uterine contractions (HFUC) in the third trimester of pregnancy are reported. Abruptio placentae was confirmed in all three cases. As HFUC was unrecognized as a sign of abruptio placentae, labor was allowed to continue in the first two cases and fetal demise ensued. The appearance of HFUC with vaginal bleeding in the third trimester of pregnancy should make the obstetrician highly suspicious of abruptio placentae. Labor should be terminated by cesarean section to prevent fetal death in utero.
Comparison of Laparoscopic Sterilization via Spring‐Loaded Clip and Tubal Ring
Authors: Argueta Gustavo , Henriquez Enrico , Amador Marta Nery , Gardner Stephen D. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe spring‐loaded clip and tubal ring techniques of laparoscopic female sterilization were compared for ease of performance, safety and effectiveness at the Asociación Demográfica Salvadoreña in San Salvador, where they were randomly assigned to a total of 299 patients. Rates of technical/equipment difficulties and procedural difficulties during laparoscopy were similar for both techniques. Procedure‐related surgical complications occurred in three ring patients as a result of tubal transection. Pain during the procedure was more severe for tubal ring patients. Results suggest that both techniques can be safely and effectively used for laparoscopic sterilization.
Pregnancy and Labor of Grand Multiparous Sudanese Women
Authors: Aziz Farouk A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study was part of an evaluation of maternity performance during the period 1975‐1979 in the three major hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan. The larger study population consisted of 8858 patients who delivered in those hospitals; 3130 of them had five or more children. The obstetric complications and the fetal outcome were investigated, and comparisons were made between groups according to parity. There was a high rate of antenatal complications, such as anemia, antepartum hemorrhage and postpartum hemorrhage, among the grand multiparous patients. The stillbirth rate and neonatal mortality were higher for grand multiparous women than for the others.
Evaluation of Threatened Abortion by Ultrasound
Authors: Bennett M.J. , Kerr‐Wilson R. H.J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA retrospective analysis was made of 817 pregnancies that were examined ultrasonically because of the clinical diagnosis of threatened abortion. A total of 285 (34.9%) pregnancies aborted and the majority did so within seven days of ultrasonic examination. This examination predicted the presence of a noncontinuing pregnancy in each case. Very few ultrasonically diagnosed continuing pregnancies subsequently aborted. The incidence of preterm delivery in those pregnancies which continued beyond the 28th week was increased threefold. There was, however, no increased incidence of either congenital abnormalities or growth retarded infants in this group.
Concurrent Intrauterine and Ovarian Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Arkutu A. A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA case of concurrent intrauterine and advanced ovarian pregnancy is reported. The condition was discovered after spontaneous vaginal delivery of the intrauterine baby. Laparotomy was performed on the day after delivery of the first baby and only then was ovarian pregnancy diagnosed and later confirmed histologically; a macerated fetus was excised from the ovarian mass at laparotomy. The intrauterine baby was discharged alive along with the mother 12 days after the operation.
Imaging left‐ventricular mechanical activation in heart failure patients using cine DENSE MRI: Validation and implications for cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Auger Daniel A. , Bilchick Kenneth C. , Gonzalez Jorge A. , Cui Sophia X. , Holmes Jeffrey W. , Kramer Christopher M. , Salerno Michael , Epstein Frederick H. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo image late mechanical activation and identify effective left‐ventricular (LV) pacing sites for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). There is variability in defining mechanical activation time, with some studies using the time to peak strain (TPS) and some using the time to the onset of circumferential shortening (TOS). We developed improved methods for imaging mechanical activation and evaluated them in heart failure (HF) patients undergoing CRT.Materials and MethodsWe applied active contours to cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) strain images to detect TOS. Six healthy volunteers underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5T, and 50 patients underwent pre‐CRT MRI (strain, scar, volumes) and echocardiography, assessment of the electrical activation time (Q‐LV) at the LV pacing site, and echocardiography assessment of LV reverse remodeling 6 months after CRT. TPS at the LV pacing site was also measured by DENSE.ResultsThe latest TOS was greater in HF patients vs. healthy subjects (112 ± 28 msec vs. 61 ± 7 msec, P < 0.01). The correlation between TOS and Q‐LV was strong (r > 0.75; P < 0.001) and better than between TPS and Q‐LV (r < 0.62; P ≥ 0.006). Twenty‐three of 50 patients had the latest activating segment in a region other than the mid‐ventricular lateral wall, the most common site for the CRT LV lead. Using a multivariable model, TOS/QRS was significantly associated with LV reverse remodeling even after adjustment for overall dyssynchrony and scar (P < 0.05), whereas TPS was not (P = 0.49).ConclusionLate activation by cine DENSE TOS analysis is associated with improved LV reverse remodeling with CRT and deserves further study as a tool to achieve optimal LV lead placement in CRT.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:887–896
Technical Note: A new zeolite PET phantom to test segmentation algorithms on heterogeneous activity distributions featured with ground‐truth contours
Authors: Soffientini Chiara D. , De Bernardi Elisabetta , Casati Rosangela , Baselli Giuseppe , Zito Felicia 
Published: January 2017

PurposeDesign, realization, scan, and characterization of a phantom for PET Automatic Segmentation (PET‐AS) assessment are presented. Radioactive zeolites immersed in a radioactive heterogeneous background simulate realistic wall‐less lesions with known irregular shape and known homogeneous or heterogeneous internal activity.MethodThree different zeolite families were evaluated in terms of radioactive uptake homogeneity, necessary to define activity and contour ground truth. Heterogeneous lesions were simulated by the perfect matching of two portions of a broken zeolite, soaked in two different 18F‐FDG radioactive solutions. Heterogeneous backgrounds were obtained with tissue paper balls and sponge pieces immersed into radioactive solutions.ResultsNatural clinoptilolite proved to be the most suitable zeolite for the construction of artificial objects mimicking homogeneous and heterogeneous uptakes in 18F‐FDG PET lesions. Heterogeneous backgrounds showed a coefficient of variation equal to 269% and 443% of a uniform radioactive solution. Assembled phantom included eight lesions with volumes ranging from 1.86 to 7.24 ml and lesion to background contrasts ranging from 4.8:1 to 21.7:1.ConclusionsA novel phantom for the evaluation of PET‐AS algorithms was developed. It is provided with both reference contours and activity ground truth, and it covers a wide range of volumes and lesion to background contrasts. The dataset is open to the community of PET‐AS developers and utilizers.
Model reduction for linear and nonlinear magneto‐quasistatic equations
Authors: Kerler‐Back Johanna , Stykel Tatjana 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe consider model reduction for magneto‐quasistatic field equations in the vector potential formulation. A finite element discretization of such equations leads to large‐scale differential‐algebraic equations of special structure. For model reduction of linear systems, we employ a balanced truncation approach, whereas nonlinear systems are reduced using a proper orthogonal decomposition method combined with a discrete empirical interpolation technique. We will exploit the special block structure of the underlying problem to improve the performance of the model reduction algorithms. Furthermore, we discuss an efficient evaluation of the Jacobi matrix required in nonlinear time integration of the reduced models. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐effectiveness of cytogenetic evaluation of products of conception by chorionic villus sampling in recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Petracchi Florencia , Paez Cecilia , Igarzabal Laura 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the cost‐effectiveness of performing chorionic villus sampling (CVS) of products of conception (POC) in the evaluation of recurrent miscarriage versus standard evidence‐based work‐up (EBW) of the couple.Material and methodsA decision‐analytic model was performed in couples with a third miscarriage. Three strategies were considered: (1) the standard EBW of all the patients, comprising parental karyotype, uterine cavity assessment and antiphospholipid antibodies; (2) performing a CVS of POC and a standard karyotype, and if euploid, follow with EBW; and (3) performing a CVS of POC and an arrayCGH and, if normal, follow with EBW. Estimated cost and diagnostic yield of each strategy was analysed. Sensitivity analysis and threshold cost were considered.ResultsThe expected cost‐effectiveness of CVS and karyotype of POC in recurrent miscarriage was: $US769.79 versus $US 1361.8 for the standard EBW of the couple. When stratified by maternal age the results remained cost‐effective for this strategy. The arrayCGH strategy has a higher diagnostic yield, but still expensive in our setting to be considered cost‐effective.ConclusionsChorionic villus sampling and karyotype analysis of products of conception in a third miscarriage proved a more cost‐effective strategy than standard EBW of the couple. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular galactose–galectin association in neuroblastoma cells: An unconventional tool for qualitative/quantitative screening
Authors: Pastorino Fabio , Ponzoni Mirco , Simone Giuseppina 
Published: January 2017

PurposeGalectin decorates the cell membrane and forms an extracellular molecular association with galactoside units. Here, galactoside probes have been used to study galectin expression in neuroblastoma cells. The hypothesis behind this investigation has been that the molecular mechanisms by which glycans modulate neural metastatic cells involve a protein–carbohydrate association, galectin–galactose.Experimental designPreliminary screening to validate the hypothesis has been performed with galactose moieties anchored to beads. The molecular association has been studied by FACS. In vitro experiments reveal the molecular binding preferences of the metastatic neuroblastoma cells. Ex vivo, the galactose probes discriminate healthy tissues. The unconventional assay in microfluidics used in this study displayed results analogous to the above (GI‐LI‐N cell capture efficiency overcomes IMR‐32).ResultsAt the point of equilibrium of shear and binding forces, the capture yield inside the chamber was measured to 60 ± 4.4% in GI‐LI‐N versus 40 ± 2.1% in IMR‐32. Staining of the fished cells and subsequent conjugation with red beads bearing the galactose also have evidenced that microfluidics can be used to study and quantify the molecular association of galectin–galactose. Most importantly, a crucial insight for obtaining single‐cell qualitative/quantitative glycome analysis has been achieved. Finally, the specificity of the assay performed in microfluidics is demonstrated by comparing GI‐LI‐N fishing efficiency in galactose and fucose environments. The residual adhesion to fucose confirmed the existence of receptors for this glycan and that its eventual unspecific binding (i.e. due to electrostatic interactions) is insignificant compared with the molecular binding.ConclusionIdentification and understanding of this mechanism of discrimination can be relevant for diagnostic monitoring and for producing probes tailored to interfere with galectin activities associated with the malignant phenotype. Besides, the given strategy has implications for the rational design of galectin‐specific ligands.