bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PMSM Sensorless Control Based on Position Estimation Correction Using All‐Pass Filters
Authors: TANAKA KEN‐ICHIRO , HASEGAWA MASARU , MATSUMOTO ATSUSHI 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a novel flux estimation method for the position sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). In general, the stator flux linkage for position estimation in PMSMs is obtained using the pure integration of voltages. The infinite dc gain of the pure‐integrator, however, causes numerical drifts in the obtained stator flux linkage due to the dc offset in the input of this integrator. To address this problem, a quasi‐integrator is often substituted instead of the pure integrator to restrict the dc gain, leading to another problem in which the phase characteristics vary according to the operating frequency. As a result, the ideal phase characteristics (−90° constant) cannot be held, and the position estimation performance deteriorates. Therefore, this paper proposes a phase characteristic correction method for quasi‐integrators using all‐pass filters, which achieves extremely precise estimation under transient conditions as well as in steady state.
Downregulation of HIF1‐α, Smad‐2, AKT, and Bax gene expression in sodium nitrite‐induced lung injury via some antioxidants
Authors: Kadry Mai O , Ali Hanaa Mahmoud 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of pretreatment with either l‐arginine (L‐arg) or Carnosine (Car) and their combination in ameliorating some of the biochemical indices induced in the lung of sodium nitrite (NaNO2)‐intoxicated rats. The results revealed that NaNO2 significantly increased serum tumor necrosis factor‐α, C‐reactive protein, heat shock proteins‐70, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Interleukin 6. Moreover, transforming growth factor‐β, hypoxia‐inducible factor, Smad‐2, Protein Kinase B (AKT), and Bax were overexpressed, whereas Bcl2 protein was downregulated compared with the normoxic group. The administration of the fore mentioned antioxidants, either alone or in combination, markedly downregulated the previously mentioned inflammatory, apoptotic, as well as the fibrotic markers in lung tissue compared with the NaNO2‐intoxicated rats. The histopathological examination reinforced the previous results. In conclusion, the current data revealed the efficacy of l‐arg and Car in ameliorating the pulmonary damage via suppression of the inflammatory markers in response to NaNO2‐intoxication. Interestingly the combination regimen showed the most significant effect.
Fluoride or/and aluminum induced toxicity in guinea pig teeth with the low expression of dentine phosphoprotein
Authors: Han Tianlong , Wang Min , Cao Chunfang , Chen Huacheng , Zhang Guanghe , Wang Liping , Wang Jundong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the damage and expression of dentine phosphoprotein (DPP) in guinea pig teeth by the administration of fluoride (F) or/and aluminum (Al). Fifty‐two guinea pigs were divided randomly into four groups (control, F, Al, and F+Al). F (150 mg NaF/L) or/and Al (300 mg AlCl3/L) were added in their drinking water for 90 days. The levels of F ion, dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene, and DPP protein in incisor and molar were determined, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of F ion in F and F+Al groups were increased significantly. F induced the mottled enamel and irregular abrasion of teeth, which might occur as a consequence of depressed DSPP mRNA and DPP protein expression. Both the gene and protein expressions showed obvious decrease induced by Al, especially by F. There were no synergistic effects between F and Al, instead, Al inhibited the toxicity of F.
A regional frequency analysis of precipitation extremes in Mainland China with fuzzy c‐means and L‐moments approaches
Authors: Wang Zhaoli , Zeng Zhaoyang , Lai Chengguang , Lin Wenxin , Wu Xushu , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTOwing to their essential influence on human society and natural environment exerted by inducing disasters, such as floods and droughts, further studies on precipitation extremes in China are needed. This study presents the regional frequency and spatial‐temporal patterns of precipitation extremes in China based on a high‐resolution (0.5° × 0.5°) daily precipitation dataset from 1961 to 2013. With fuzzy c‐means, L‐moments methods and other scientific statistical tests, a regional frequency analysis (RFA) is conducted, aiming to further understand the regional and spatial distribution of precipitation extremes across China. The results show that: (1) the whole Mainland China can be divided into 50 homogeneous regions on the basis of the characteristics of mean annual precipitation and location indices. (2) For most of the regions, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Normal (GNO) and Pearson type III (PE3) distributions of precipitation extremes fit well, according to the results of goodness‐of‐fit (GOF) test. (3) For RX1DAY, GEV has the best‐fit distribution in the east, northeast and southwest of China, whereas GNO distribution mostly fits the northern and parts of southwest and southeast; in addition, regions which fit PE3 and Generalized Logistic (GLO) distribute dispersedly across the country. (4) For RX5DAY, GEV mainly fits in the middle, southwestern and southern; GNO and PE3 apply best to the northeastern and northern, respectively. (5) Return periods of 20, 50 and 100 years for their best‐fit distributions decrease gradually from southeastern China to northwestern China. Compared with the results of GEV distribution fitted to each grid, RFA may provide more accurate estimates of rainfall quantiles. Definitely, the study results will not only benefit further understanding of the unique and complex features of extreme precipitation in the whole Mainland China but also contribute to the nation‐scale flood prevention, control and management in the backdrop of the changing climate.
Factors influencing gelation properties of corn germ proteins
Authors: Sun Xiang Dong , Shi Dan , Lan Yu , Yao Xin Miao , Zhang Rui Ying , Zhang Ying Lei , Su Ping , Shan Hong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a by‐product of the oil industry, corn germ meal is mainly applied as a high‐protein ingredient in animal feeds, without any application of the specific functional properties of corn germ protein (CGP). Factors influencing the gelation properties of CGP in relation to its dynamic rheology are still unclear owing to limited information.RESULTSCGP concentrate was recovered by the isoelectric precipitation method, and factors affecting its gelation properties were investigated using a rheometer. A weak gel formed at natural pH with 0.3 mol L−1 NaCl, and the minimum gel‐forming concentration was observed at 150 g kg−1. Higher CGP protein concentrations induced stiffer gels, and linear relationships were found between protein concentration and gel stiffness (G′) as well as between protein concentration and gel viscosity (G″). Lower heating and cooling rate promoted the formation of stiffer gels. CGP gelation was both NaCl‐ and pH‐dependent. Sodium tripolyphosphate significantly increased gel stiffness with increasing concentration. No difference in gel elasticity (tanδ) was observed with the inclusion of various concentrations of sodium tripolyphosphate or sodium polyphosphate.CONCLUSIONHeating and cooling rate, NaCl, protein concentration, pH and phosphates all impact the gel‐forming ability of CGP concentrate. Desired gel properties can be obtained through adjustment of these factors. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Perioperative chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or GEJ adenocarcinoma: A propensity score‐matched analysis comparing toxicity, pathologic outcome, and survival
Authors: Goense Lucas , van der Sluis Pieter C. , van Rossum Peter S. N. , van der Horst Sylvia , Meijer Gert J. , Haj Mohammad Nadia , van Vulpen Marco , Mook Stella , Ruurda Jelle P. , van Hillegersberg Richard 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate toxicity, pathologic outcome, and survival after perioperative chemotherapy (pCT) compared to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery for patients with resectable esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma.MethodsConsecutive patients with resectable esophageal or GEJ adenocarcinoma who underwent pCT (epirubicin, cisplatin, and capecitabine) or nCRT (paclitaxel, carboplatin, and 41.4 Gy) followed by surgery in a tertiary referral center in the Netherlands were compared. Propensity score matching was applied to create comparable groups.ResultsOf 193 eligible patients, 21 were discarded after propensity score matching; 86 and 86 patients who underwent pCT and nCRT, respectively, remained. Grade ≥3 thromboembolic events occurred only in the pCT group (19% vs. 0%, P < 0.001), whereas grade ≥3 leukopenia occurred more frequently in the nCRT group (14% vs. 4%, P = 0.015). No significant differences regarding postoperative morbidity and mortality were found. Pathologic complete response was more frequently observed with nCRT (18% vs. 11%, P < 0.001), without significantly improving radicality rates (95% vs. 89%, P = 0.149). Both strategies resulted in comparable 3‐year progression‐free survival (pCT vs. nCRT: 46% vs. 55%, P = 0.344) and overall survival rates (49% vs. 50%, P = 0.934). At 3‐year follow‐up, fewer locoregional disease progression occurred in the nCRT group (19% vs. 37%, P = 0.024).ConclusionsCompared to perioperative chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy achieves higher pathologic response rates and a lower risk of locoregional disease progression, without improving survival.
k‐t accelerated aortic 4D flow MRI in under two minutes: Feasibility and impact of resolution, k‐space sampling patterns, and respiratory navigator gating on hemodynamic measurements
Authors: Bollache Emilie , Barker Alex J , Dolan Ryan Scott , Carr James C , van Ooij Pim , Ahmadian Rouzbeh , Powell Alex , Collins Jeremy D , Geiger Julia , Markl Michael 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo assess the performance of highly accelerated free‐breathing aortic four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI acquired in under 2 minutes compared to conventional respiratory gated 4D flow.MethodsEight k‐t accelerated nongated 4D flow MRI (parallel MRI with extended and averaged generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition kernels [PEAK GRAPPA], R = 5, TRes = 67.2 ms) using four ky‐kz Cartesian sampling patterns (linear, center‐out, out‐center‐out, random) and two spatial resolutions (SRes1 = 3.5 × 2.3 × 2.6 mm3, SRes2 = 4.5 × 2.3 × 2.6 mm3) were compared in vitro (aortic coarctation flow phantom) and in 10 healthy volunteers, to conventional 4D flow (16 mm‐navigator acceptance window; R = 2; TRes = 39.2 ms; SRes = 3.2 × 2.3 × 2.4 mm3). The best k‐t accelerated approach was further assessed in 10 patients with aortic disease.ResultsThe k‐t accelerated in vitro aortic peak flow (Qmax), net flow (Qnet), and peak velocity (Vmax) were lower than conventional 4D flow indices by ≤4.7%, ≤ 11%, and ≤22%, respectively. In vivo k‐t accelerated acquisitions were significantly shorter but showed a trend to lower image quality compared to conventional 4D flow. Hemodynamic indices for linear and out‐center‐out k‐space samplings were in agreement with conventional 4D flow (Qmax ≤ 13%, Qnet ≤ 13%, Vmax ≤ 17%, P > 0.05).ConclusionAortic 4D flow MRI in under 2 minutes is feasible with moderate underestimation of flow indices. Differences in k‐space sampling patterns suggest an opportunity to mitigate image artifacts by an optimal trade‐off between scan time, acceleration, and k‐space sampling. Magn Reson Med 79:195–207, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of health‐related quality of life in pediatric CNS tumor survivors
Authors: Schulte Fiona , Russell K. Brooke , Cullen Patricia , Embry Leanne , Fay‐McClymont Taryn , Johnston Donna , Rosenberg Abby R. , Sung Lillian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor survivors are at high risk for numerous late effects including decreased health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Our objective was to summarize studies describing HRQOL in pediatric CNS tumor survivors and compare HRQOL outcomes in studies that included a comparison group.ProcedureEMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO were used to identify relevant articles published until August, 2016. Eligible studies reported outcomes for pediatric CNS tumor survivors diagnosed before age 21, at least 5 years from diagnosis and/or 2 years off therapy and used a standardized measure of HRQOL. All data were abstracted by two reviewers. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.0.ResultsOf 1,912 unique articles identified, 74 were included in this review. Papers described 29 different HRQOL tools. Meta‐analyses compared pediatric CNS tumor survivors to healthy comparisons and other pediatric cancer survivors separately. HRQOL was significantly lower for CNS (n = 797) than healthy comparisons (n = 1,397) (mean difference = –0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.72 to –0.35, P < 0.001, I2 = 35%). HRQOL was also significantly lower for CNS (n = 244) than non‐CNS survivors (n = 414) (mean difference = –0.56, 95% CI = –0.73 to –0.38, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%).ConclusionsPediatric CNS tumor survivors experience worse HRQOL than healthy comparisons and non‐CNS cancer survivors. Future HRQOL work should be longitudinal, and/or multisite studies that examine HRQOL by diagnosis and treatment modalities.
Synthesis and tunable thermoresponsive solution morphologies of 2,2‐bis‐methylolpropionic acid dendron–azobenzene–poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) copolymers
Authors: Kalva Nagendra , Ambade Ashootosh V 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAmphiphilic temperature‐ and photoresponsive linear–dendritic block copolymers comprising second‐generation acetonide‐2,2‐bis‐methylolpropionic acid‐based polyester dendron and linear poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) linked by an azobenzene unit were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) followed by click chemistry. Linear PNIPAM precursor was prepared from an azide‐functionalized azobenzene containing ATRP initiator. Two polymers obtained by varying the chain length of the PNIPAM block showed different morphologies and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) values in aqueous solution. Complete change in morphology of the two polymers into large spherical aggregates and nanotubes, respectively, was observed upon heating the micellar solution above LCST. The azobenzene unit was found to undergo trans–cis photoisomerization in the assemblies and caused a change in the microenvironment of an encapsulated hydrophobic dye without any release. Acetonide groups on the dendron were deprotected to afford hydroxylated polymer that showed well‐defined morphologies above the LCST and after heating–cooling cycle while significant dye encapsulation was seen only above the LCST. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Bio‐based epoxy vitrimers: Reprocessibility, controllable shape memory, and degradability
Authors: Ma Zhiyan , Wang Yan , Zhu Jing , Yu Junrong , Hu Zuming 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe research activities in the development of recyclable and reprocessable covalently crosslinked networks, and the construction of polymers from renewable resources are both stemmed from the economical and environmental problems associated with traditional thermosets. However, there is little effort in combination of these two attractive strategies in material designs. This article reported a bio‐based vitrimer constructed from isosorbide‐derived epoxy and aromatic diamines containing disulfide bonds. The resulted dynamic epoxy resins showed comparable thermomechanical properties as compared to similar epoxy networks cured by traditional curing agent. Rheological tests demonstrated the fast stress relaxation of the dynamic network due to the rapid metathesis of disulfide bonds at temperature higher than glass transition temperature. This feature permitted the recycling and reprocessing of the fragmented samples for several times by hot press. The dynamic epoxy resins also exhibited shape‐memory effect, and it is demonstrated that the shape recovery ratio could be readily adjusted by controlling the stress relaxation in the temporary state at programming temperature. Moreover, the degradability of the dynamic epoxy resins in alkaline aqueous solution was also demonstrated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1790–1799
Larvicidal activity of synthetic tropane alkaloids against Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: Mairink Simone Z , Barbosa Luiz CA , Varejão Eduardo VV , Farias Elizeu S , Santos Márcio LM , Picanço Marcelo C 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTropane alkaloids are known to play a role in plant defence. By blocking acetylcholine receptors, they exert insecticidal and deterrent effects against herbivore insects. Carbamates are an important class of chemical insecticides that also inhibit acetyl cholinesterase. The objective of this work was to synthesise a series of tropane alkaloids bearing a carbamate group, and to evaluate their effects against the pest Ascia monuste. The effects of the most active compounds were evaluated on the A. monuste predator Solenopsis saevissima and on the pollinator Tetragonisca angustula.RESULTSThe synthesis of carbamate‐tropane alkaloids was accomplished in 4–5 steps from commercially available ketones. Results from bioassays showed that compounds 6a, 10a and 14a presented higher activities against second‐instar larvae of A. monuste, with LD50 values of 1.01, 3.76 and 1.92 µg substance mg−1 insect, and TL50 values of 7.0, 15.0 and 5.0 h respectively. These compounds were also tested for their selectivity in favour of S. saevissima and T. angustula. Compound 6a, which showed the highest activity against A. monuste, also showed lower toxicity against S. saevissima.CONCLUSIONTropane alkaloid derivatives bearing a carbamate group show potential for the development of novel insecticides against A. monuste. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The Use of Zero‐Valent Iron (ZVI) Technology to Promote DDT and Dieldrin Degradation at Point Pelee National Park
Authors: Dahmer Carolina P. , Rutter Allison , Zeeb Barbara A. 
Published: March 2017

Point Pelee National Park (PPNP) is highly contaminated with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dieldrin due to the historical use of these two persistent organochlorine pesticides. Zero‐valent iron (ZVI) technology with and without amendments has been successfully used in the past to promote organochlorine pesticides degradation in several locations in North America and Europe. In this study, the use of two commercially available ZVI products, DARAMEND® and EHC®, to promote DDT and dieldrin degradation in PPNP's soil and groundwater were investigated. DARAMEND® was applied to PPNP's soil in a laboratory experiment and in an in situ pilot‐scale plot. In both cases, DARAMEND® did not significantly increase DDT or dieldrin degradation in treated soils. The effectiveness of EHC® was tested in a laboratory experiment that simulated the park's groundwater environment using PPNP's pesticide contaminated soil. The result was consistent with the one reported for DARAMEND®, in that there was no significant increase in DDT or dieldrin degradation in any of the samples treated with EHC®. These results demonstrate that both of these ZVI commercially available products are not suitable for in situ remediation at PPNP. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic Versus Static Dictionary With and Without Printed Focal Words in E‐Book Reading as Facilitator for Word Learning
Authors: Korat Ofra , Levin Iris , Ben‐Shabt Anat , Shneor Dafna , Bokovza Limor 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigated the extent to which a dictionary embedded in an e‐book with static or dynamic visuals with and without printed focal words affects word learning. A pretest–posttest design was used to measure gains of expressive words' meaning and their spelling. The participants included 250 Hebrew‐speaking second graders from low‐socioeconomic status families who were randomly assigned to five equal groups. Four groups read the e‐book with a dictionary with (1) static visuals (SVs) without the printed focal words, (2) dynamic visuals (DVs) without the printed focal words, (3) SVs with the printed focal words, or (4) DVs with the printed focal words. The fifth group read the e‐book without a dictionary (control). The results show that word explanations and word use progressed the most after reading the e‐book with DVs and printed focal words. Less progress was observed when reading with SVs with printed focal words and DVs without printed focal words. Even less progress was observed when reading with SVs without printed focal words. The lowest support was in the control group, who read the e‐book without a dictionary. Word spelling progressed significantly in all groups. This study contributes to our knowledge on the potential benefits of multimedia for supporting the language and literacy of preschoolers. More specifically, it shows the contribution of a dynamic dictionary together with printed focal words for expressive word learning, along with the benefit of highlighted text in an e‐book for supporting word spelling.
Neoadjuvant Treatment for Locally Invasive Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Iams Wade T. , Villaflor Victoria M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLocally advanced esophageal carcinoma has a poor prognosis, and epidemiologic trends show that more patients are being diagnosed with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma and with adenocarcinoma histology. This prompts a review and evaluation of the field regarding standard of care treatment for patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma, both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. We review the evidence showing the moderate benefit of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy compared to perioperative chemotherapy plus esophagectomy in patients who are good operative candidates. Also, we summarize the emerging clinical trial landscape in the perioperative setting primarily seeking to apply targeted therapies against HER2 (trastuzumab or pertuzumab) or immune checkpoint inhibitors against programmed death 1 (PD‐1; pembrolizumab and nivolumab) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1; durvalumab). Understanding the foundations that have determined the current standard of care for patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma will aid in interpreting the clinical trial results that will soon appear with the novel treatment strategies.