bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid, successful treatment of atopic dermatitis recalcitrant to topical corticosteroids
Authors: Lewis Daniel J. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAtopic dermatitis is responsive to midpotency topical corticosteroids, which are the mainstay of treatment, yet many patients have disease that is “resistant” to triamcinolone prescribed for outpatient use. Such resistance is often due to poor adherence, but patients and caregivers may remain adamant that the steroid was ineffective and assure the physician that it was applied as recommended. We describe the case of a young girl with a 2‐year history of atopic dermatitis resistant to triamcinolone whose condition rapidly improved with continued use of triamcinolone. Our case raises the ethical dilemma of whether physicians should base treatment plans on what patients report or what evidence on adherence suggests.
Acral pigmented Spitz nevus in a child with transepidermal migration of melanocytes: Dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic features
Authors: Iriarte Christopher , Rao Babar , Haroon Attiya , Kirkorian Anna Yasmine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAcral pigmented Spitz nevi are seldom reported in the literature. We report a new case on the palm of a 4‐year‐old girl that demonstrated correlation between features observed on dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Histopathology revealed a benign intraepidermal Spitz nevus with transepidermal elimination of melanocytes that showed on RCM as focal atypical bright cells concerning for malignancy. This case is one of few reports in the literature combining dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, and histology for an acral Spitz nevi, which are rarely evaluated by RCM given the thickness of the stratum corneum in acral sites.
Neutrophilic superficial eccrine ductitis: Proposal of a new disease concept
Authors: Nagai Hiroshi , Nishigori Chikako 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA 3‐year‐old Japanese boy presented with a 3‐month history of itchy erythematous papules on his trunk and forearms, the histologic findings of which were characterized by predominantly neutrophilic inflammation within and around the eccrine sweat ducts and obliteration and disruption of the superficial eccrine sweat ducts. Although the skin disorder had some clinical and histopathologic similarity to miliaria and neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis, it was ultimately conformed to be neither disorder. Based on this and a case report in the Japanese literature of a 1‐year‐old boy with erythematous eruptions whose clinical and histopathologic findings were similar to those in our case, we propose the skin disorder in our case, referred to as “neutrophilic superficial eccrine ductitis,” as a unique entity.
Isotretinoin‐induced acne fulminans without systemic symptoms with concurrent exuberant granulation tissue
Authors: Li Alvin W. , Antaya Richard J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAcne fulminans is a severe form of acne characterized by painful, inflammatory nodules that progress into ulcers and concurrent systemic symptoms. Treatment of acne with isotretinoin can precipitate a syndrome called isotretinoin‐induced acne fulminans without systemic symptoms. An exuberant granulation tissue response, another known adverse event associated with isotretinoin, can occur concurrently, inhibiting wound repair and complicating treatment. We report a case of isotretinoin‐induced acne fulminans without systemic symptoms with exuberant granulation tissue response that was treated successfully with topical clobetasol ointment.
Delayed‐type hypersensitivity to vaccine aluminum adjuvant causing subcutaneous leg mass and urticaria in a child
Authors: Gordon Samantha C. , Bartenstein Diana W. , Tajmir Shahein H. , Song Johanna S. , Hawryluk Elena B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA 3‐year‐old girl presented with a 7‐month history of a waxing and waning left thigh mass associated with pruritus and erythema at the site of two previous DTaP‐HepB‐IPV vaccinations. Patch testing was positive to aluminum chloride, supporting a diagnosis of vaccine granuloma secondary to aluminum allergy; her symptoms had been well controlled with antihistamines and topical steroids. Injection site granulomas are a benign but potentially bothersome reaction to aluminum‐containing immunizations that can be supportively managed, and we encourage strict adherence to the recommended vaccine schedule in this setting. Patch testing is a sensitive, noninvasive diagnostic tool for patients presenting with this clinical finding, and dermatologist awareness can prevent unnecessary medical examination and provide reassurance.
Potassium iodide in refractory, recurrent pediatric Sweet syndrome: Guidance in dosing and monitoring
Authors: Tangtatco Jennifer Aileen Ang , Ho Nhung , Drucker Aaron , Forse Catherine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe describe a 5‐month‐old boy with clinical and histopathologic presentation of Sweet syndrome. He responded to systemic corticosteroids, with multiple flares on tapering; potassium iodide was added, which provided complete resolution of Sweet syndrome. Potassium iodide has been used in only a few cases, and no standard dosage has been established in children. We discuss calculation of a pediatric dosage for potassium iodide in Sweet syndrome.
Vitiligoid variant of lichen sclerosus in young girls with darker skin types
Authors: Dennin Margaret H. , Stein Sarah L. , Rosenblatt Adena E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesVitiligo and lichen sclerosus are autoimmune disorders characterized by white discoloration, and both frequently affect the anogenital region. Vitiligoid lichen sclerosus refers to a superficial variant of lichen sclerosus in which the lesion appears clinically to be vitiligo based on the predominant presentation of depigmentation and minimal inflammation and sclerosis but histologically is consistent with lichen sclerosus. A limited number of reports have described vitiligoid lichen sclerosus, and from these reports, it appears to primarily affect darker‐skinned people.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 7 girls with darker skin types seen in our pediatric dermatology clinic who presented with a clinical overlap of vitiligo and lichen sclerosus. All had primarily well‐demarcated, depigmented patches characteristic of vitiligo, but the lesions were symptomatic (pruritus, pain, bleeding, constipation), a presentation more consistent with lichen sclerosus.ResultsThe girls were all treated with high‐potency topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, or both. The associated symptoms improved or resolved, but most had minimal improvement of the depigmentation.ConclusionsThe girls presented in this series appear to have had vitiligoid lichen sclerosus, given the clinical overlap of lichen sclerosus and vitiligo affecting the anogenital region, particularly given that they did not have depigmented patches elsewhere on their body. Previous cases of vitiligoid lichen sclerosus have been reported in darker skin types, and our findings support this possible predisposition. It is important for clinicians to assess patients presenting with genital depigmentation for overlapping features of vitiligo and lichen sclerosus and determine appropriate management.
Clinical features and nail clippings in 52 children with psoriasis
Authors: Uber Marjorie , Carvalho Vânia O. , Abagge Kerstin T. , Robl Imoto Renata , Werner Betina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesNail clipping, the act of cutting the distal portion of a nail for microscopic analysis, can complement the diagnosis of skin diseases with nail involvement, such as psoriasis. This study aimed to describe histopathologic findings on 81 nails from 52 children and adolescents with skin psoriasis and to determine whether these changes correlated with the severity of skin and nail involvement.MethodsChildren with psoriasis were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study to obtain Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) scores. The most altered nails were processed using periodic acid‐Schiff with diastase staining.ResultsFifty‐two patients with a median age of 10.5 years were included. The median Nail Psoriasis Severity Index score of the 20 nails from these patients was 17 (range 3‐80). The most common findings were pitting (94.2%), leukonychia (73.0%), and longitudinal ridges (63.5%). Eighty‐one nail fragments were collected by clipping. Neutrophils were found in 6 samples (7.6%) and serous lakes in 15 (19%). Median nail plate thickness was 0.3 mm (range 0.1‐0.63 mm). Patients whose nails had neutrophils had a higher median PASI score (6.1 vs 2.0, P = .03). Patients whose nails had serous lakes had higher median PASI (5.3 vs 1.9, P = .008) and NAPSI (median 45.0 vs 18.0, P = .006) scores.ConclusionThere seems to be a correlation between some microscopic nail features in children with psoriasis and their PASI and NAPSI scores, so nail clippings from children with suspected psoriasis may help with diagnosis, especially in the presence of neutrophils, and in excluding onychomycosis.
An investigation of relational turbulence and depressive symptoms in newly married women
Authors: SCOTT ALLISON M. , STAFFORD LAURA 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study uses the relational turbulence model to examine depressive symptoms in newly married women. It reports data from a pre‐/posttest study in which 152 women completed an online survey during their engagement and 6 months after their wedding. Nearly 12% of the women reported reliable and clinically meaningful increases in depressive symptoms after their wedding. Using panel data analysis, this study found that increases in self uncertainty, partner uncertainty, and relationship uncertainty as well as in partner interference were associated with increases in depressive symptoms. This novel test of the relational turbulence model examined the impact of change in (rather than level of) relational turbulence, and the findings extend previous work by demonstrating how mechanisms of relational turbulence impact mental health.
Independent and mentored video review of OSCEs
Authors: Mookherjee Somnath , Strujik Jennie , Cunningham Matthew , Kaplan Elizabeth , Çoruh Bas¸ak 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundVideo review of OSCE (objective structured clinical examination) performance allows students to analyse their performance, identify actions and behaviours for correction or reinforcement, and develop a plan for improvement of clinical skills. Student perceptions of the utility of independent and mentored video review are unknown.MethodsWe created a pilot programme of post‐OSCE structured video review. Students were randomised to mentored (M) or independent (I) review. In the mentored group, a faculty member facilitated the process. Both groups completed an assessment rubric and created an action plan. We examined student perceptions of the process, helpful elements of each type of review and perceived impact after a follow‐up OSCE.ResultsThe mentored group (n = 12) was more comfortable watching themselves than the independent group (n = 11); using a five‐point Likert scale, where 1 indicates ‘strongly disagree’ and 5 indicates ‘strongly agree’: 3.5 ± 1.2 (I) versus 4.5 ± 0.2 (M) (p = 0.02). The mentored group more strongly agreed that their clinical skills would improve: 3.6 ± 1.1 (I) versus 4.9 ± 0.2 (M) (p < 0.01). After the follow‐up OSCE, the mentored group (n = 10) tended to feel more strongly that their clinical skills had improved compared with the independent group (n = 9): 3.6 ± 1.3 (I) versus 4.3 ± 0.7 (M) (p = 0.14).DiscussionThis pilot study demonstrates the utility of using a structured framework for post‐OSCE video review, both for the assessment of performance and for the development of a behavioural action plan. There are advantages to using a mentor‐guided model, but further study is needed to determine whether actual OSCE performances improve as a consequence.Video review of OSCE performance allows students to analyse their performance
False friends? Empirical evidence on trade policy substitution in regional trade agreements
Authors: Silberberger Magdalene , Stender Frederik 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the interplay of regional economic integration and the use of bilateral antidumping (AD) measures. Our empirical analysis brings three central findings to light: (i) we find that regional trade agreements (RTAs) generally reduce the likelihood of AD activity among integration partners; (ii) in addition, an improvement in the tariff treatment between trading partners—regardless of whether expressed as the directly faced tariff or as a tariff margin—generally leads to a lower likelihood of bilateral AD and (iii) regarding the interaction of both events, however, a reciprocally higher tariff margin between integration partners leads to a higher likelihood of bilateral AD than an equal tariff margin among non‐integration trading partners. The latter effect seems to be primarily driven by those RTAs with a participation of “South” countries.
Worldwide policies on epilepsy and blood donation: a survey among blood services
Authors: Kellens A. , De Buck E. , Emonds M.‐P. , Vandekerckhove P. , Lagae L. 
Published: January 2018

Background and objectivesEpilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by the appearance of seizures. Often, epilepsy patients are temporarily or permanently excluded from blood donation. To gain a better understanding of the policies that are currently applied, we performed a survey among blood services.MethodsA cross‐sectional, Web‐based questionnaire using the online Questback tool was developed and distributed to 46 representatives of blood services worldwide. The questionnaire was composed of nine questions.ResultsA total of 27 respondents, representing blood services in 26 countries on five continents, participated in the survey. Current policies range from permanent acceptance over temporary exclusion to permanent exclusion. Rationales for these different policies are diverse. The majority of blood services (59·3%) apply temporary exclusion as their policy, though no consensus exists on the length of time that epilepsy patients have to be medication‐free or seizure‐free. None of the respondents could provide data about adverse events in epilepsy patients during the blood donation process.ConclusionsThe results of this survey indicate a large discrepancy in policies applied worldwide. A lack of scientific evidence could be one of the underlying reasons. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to further research the potential risks for donors and recipients regarding blood donation by people with epilepsy. This can then serve as a base for evidence‐based policymaking and lead to safer and more effective blood transfusion programmes.
Amustaline (S‐303) treatment inactivates high levels of Chikungunya virus in red‐blood‐cell components
Authors: Aubry M. , Laughhunn A. , Santa Maria F. , Lanteri M. C. , Stassinopoulos A. , Musso D. 
Published: January 2018

Background and objectivesChikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections have been reported in all continents, and the potential risk for CHIKV transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs) was demonstrated by the detection of CHIKV RNA‐positive donations in several countries. TTIs can be reduced by pathogen inactivation (PI) of blood products. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of amustaline and glutathione (S‐303/GSH) to inactivate CHIKV in red‐blood‐cell concentrates (RBCs).Material and MethodsRed‐blood‐cells were spiked with high level of CHIKV. Infectious titres and RNA loads were measured before and after PI treatment. Residual CHIKV infectivity was also assessed after five successive cell culture passages.ResultsThe mean CHIKV titres in RBCs before inactivation was 5·81 ± 0·18 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/mL, and the mean viral RNA load was 10·49 ± 0·15 log10 genome equivalent (GEq)/mL. No CHIKV TCID was detected after S‐303 treatment nor was replicative CHIKV particles and viral RNA present after five cell culture passages of samples obtained immediately after S‐303 treatment.ConclusionChikungunya virus was previously shown to be inactivated by the PI technology using amotosalen and ultraviolet A light for the treatment of plasma and platelets. This new study demonstrates that S‐303/GSH can inactivate high titres of CHIKV in RBCs.
Energy Efficiency in Children With Myelomeningocele During Acute Use of Assistive Devices: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sansom Jennifer K. , Ulrich Beverly D. 
Published: January 2018

Due to increased metabolic demands during walking, ∼50% of children with myelomeningocele transition to wheelchair use during adolescence/early adulthood. The purpose of our pilot study involving children with myelomeningocele was to determine: (a) energy expenditure needs during acute use of common assistive devices and (b) if walking poles are a feasible assistive device. Oxygen uptake was recorded for eight (5–12 years old) children in four conditions: independent, walker, crutches, and poles. Acute pole use did not significantly differ from independent walking net energy consumption or cost. Participants consumed more energy while walking with the walker than independently. Our pilot results suggest that (a) acute use of common assistive devices while walking increases energy consumption and cost versus independent and (b) poles are feasible assistive devices, resulting in slightly increased energy requirements. Poles may have provided “just enough” support with minimal change in energy requirements for our participants and, with practice, may enable children with myelomeningocele to remain community ambulators.
Influence of Type I Fimbriae and Fluid Shear Stress on Bacterial Behavior and Multicellular Architecture of Early Escherichia coli Biofilms at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Wang Liyun , Keatch Robert , Zhao Qi , Wright John A. , Bryant Clare E. , Redmann Anna L. , Terentjev Eugene M. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces in the food and medical industry can cause severe contamination and infection, yet how biological and physical factors determine the cellular architecture of early biofilms and the bacterial behavior of the constituent cells remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the specific role of type I fimbriae in nascent stages of biofilm formation and the response of microcolonies to environmental flow shear at the single-cell resolution. The results show that type I fimbriae are not required for reversible adhesion from plankton, but they are critical for the irreversible adhesion of
Escherichia coli
strain MG1655 cells that form biofilms on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surfaces. Besides establishing firm cell surface contact, the irreversible adhesion seems necessary to initiate the proliferation of
E. coli
on the surface. After the application of shear stress, bacterial retention is dominated by the three-dimensional architecture of colonies, independent of the population size, and the multilayered structure could protect the embedded cells from being insulted by fluid shear, while the cell membrane permeability mainly depends on the biofilm population size and the duration of the shear stress.

IMPORTANCE
Bacterial biofilms could lead to severe contamination problems in medical devices and food processing equipment. However, biofilms are usually studied at a rough macroscopic level; thus, little is known about how individual bacterium behavior within biofilms and the multicellular architecture are influenced by bacterial appendages (e.g., pili/fimbriae) and environmental factors during early biofilm formation. We applied confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to visualize
Escherichia coli
microcolonies at a single-cell resolution. Our findings suggest that type I fimbriae are vital to the initiation of bacterial proliferation on surfaces. We also found that the fluid shear stress affects the biofilm architecture and cell membrane permeability of the constituent bacteria in a different way: the onset of the biofilm is linked with the three-dimensional morphology, while membranes are regulated by the overall population of microcolonies.
Incidence of Facultative Bacterial Endosymbionts in Spider Mites Associated with Local Environments and Host Plants
Authors: Zhu Yu-Xi , Song Yue-Ling , Zhang Yan-Kai , Hoffmann Ary A. , Zhou Jin-Cheng , Sun Jing-Tao , Hong Xiao-Yue 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTSpider mites are frequently associated with multiple endosymbionts whose infection patterns often exhibit spatial and temporal variation. However, the association between endosymbiont prevalence and environmental factors remains unclear. Here, we surveyed endosymbionts in natural populations of the spider mite,Tetranychus truncatus, in China, screening 935 spider mites from 21 localities and 12 host plant species. Three facultative endosymbiont lineages,Wolbachia,Cardinium, andSpiroplasma, were detected at different infection frequencies (52.5%, 26.3%, and 8.6%, respectively). Multiple endosymbiont infections were observed in most local populations, and the incidence of individuals with theWolbachia-Spiroplasmacoinfection was higher than expected from the frequency of each infection within a population. Endosymbiont infection frequencies exhibited associations with environmental factors:Wolbachiainfection rates increased at localities with higher annual mean temperatures, whileCardiniumandSpiroplasmainfection rates increased at localities from higher altitudes.Wolbachiawas more common in mites fromLycopersicon esculentumandGlycine maxcompared to those fromZea mays. This study highlights that host-endosymbiont interactions may be associated with environmental factors, including climate and other geographically linked factors, as well as the host's food plant.IMPORTANCEThe aim of this study was to examine the incidence of endosymbiont distribution and the infection patterns in spider mites. The main findings are that multiple endosymbiont infections were more common than expected and that endosymbiont infection frequencies were associated with environmental factors. This work highlights that host-endosymbiont interactions need to be studied within an environmental and geographic context.