bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Reproducibility of Measurements in Cephalometric Radiography Acquired by a Charge-Coupled Device Imaging System
Authors: Abdelrahim Ala Mohamed , Abuaffan Amal Hussein 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
To evaluate and compare the reliability, reproducibility, and speed of two cephalometric tracing methods computer-aided cephalometric tracing and manual tracing.

Materials and Methods:
This was an analytical, cross-sectional study. One hundred and three pretreatment cephalometric radiographs were randomly selected from the orthodontics department of a public university. Twelve cephalometric landmarks were identified, and fifteen measurements were calculated both manually and digitally using Vistadent OC software. The reliability of measurements was assessed for each method by applying the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Paired t-test was used to compare the measurements' reproducibility and time difference between the two methods.

Results:
All angular and linear measurements for both the methods showed a range of moderate correlation (0.8 ≥ ICC ≥0.5) to strong correlation (ICC ≥0.8) except for L1-MAD, which displayed a poor correlation for both manual and digital tracing, (ICC = 0.36 and 0.33, respectively), as well as digital tracing of interincisal angle (ICC = 0.36). No statistically significant differences between the two methods were observed for all angular and linear measurements except upper anterior facial height (UAFH) and lower anterior facial height (P = 0.000). There was a statistically significant time difference between the two techniques (P = 0.000). The mean tracing time of the operator for single tracing was 18.02 min for manual tracing and 8.85 min when using the Vistadent program.

Conclusion:
Cephalometric measurements in conventional manual and digital cephalometric analysis are highly reliable. Although the reproducibility of some measurements between two methods showed statistically significant differences, most differences were considered minimal and clinically acceptable. Computer-assisted cephalometric analysis proved to be more time-efficient.
Oncological Outcome Following 3-Drug Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy Initiated “Triple Regimen” for Selected Subset of cT4b Bucco-Alveolar Carcinoma with Supra-Notch Infratemporal Fossa Extension
Authors: Patel Parin , Mandlik Dushyant , Gupta Karan , Patel Purvi , Sharma Nitin , Joshipura Aditya , Kaushal Ashish , Jani Kinjal , Kanhere Subhadha , Shah Diva , Shah Digish , Vishwakarma Gayatri , Newpane Bijay , Patel Kaustubh D. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Locally advanced bucco-alveolar complex carcinoma (T4b) with supra-notch (supra-sigmoid notch) infratemporal fossa (ITF) extension is an oncological challenge with poor outcome. We analyzed oncological outcome in patients managed with 3-drug neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed with surgical compartmental resection and adjuvant radiotherapy/Chemotherapy-RT (RT/CTRT), i.e., “Triple regimen.”

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-three cases of T4b bucco-alveolar complex carcinoma with supra-notch ITF extension were included from June 2009 to January 2017. Patients received 3-Drug NACT for 2–3 cycles every 21 days. Response to NACT was assessed with clinical examination, improvement in symptoms (like improved mouth opening etc.,), and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criterion. Patients showing stable disease and responders on NACT underwent compartmental surgical resection with complete ITF clearance followed by adjuvant RT/CTRT. Data were analyzed using STATA 13 and Kaplan − Meir graphs for survival rates.

Results:
Thirty-one patients (93.9%) showed response on NACT and subsequently went ahead with surgery. Clinical response according to RECIST criterion and subjective clinical improvement of more than 50% was noted in 18 cases while it was <50% in 13 cases. Seventeen of the 31 patients were disease free at last follow-up. There were no recurrences in ITF. The 3-year disease-free survival and disease-specific survival were 69% and 73%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Three-drug NACT followed by surgical resection in selected cases who show response to NACT with adjuvant chemoradiation provides a realm of hope for these borderline resectable T4b supra-notch cases.
The Comparative Effect of Lidocaine-Remifentanil Intravenous Infusion and Gargle on Hemodynamic Responses and Sore Throat and Cough after Endotracheal Extubation
Authors: Shabani Mohammad , Modir Hesameddin , Barsari Farzad Zamani 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The present evidence-based clinical study addressed the therapeutic effectiveness of lidocaine-remifentanil intravenous infusion versus gargle on attenuation of hemodynamic responses and prevention of sore throat and cough after endotracheal extubation.

Materials and Methods:
In a double-blind clinical trial whereby 76 cases receiving endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia were classified into two intervention groups being treated with lidocaine-remifentanil mixture administered by either intravenous infusion or gargle using balanced block randomization. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate and blood pressure during surgery and in recovery every 15 min and respiratory symptoms such as cough, hoarseness, and sore throat during recovery and at certain postoperative time points of 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h were gathered. Pain score was measured by a Visual Analog Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using the software SPSS v22 by Chi-square and independent t-test.

Results:
No statistically significant observed intergroup in terms of oxygen saturation, heart rate, mean blood pressure, need for analgesic medication, duration of surgery, and the incidence of cough and hoarseness (P > 0.05), but not in pain score in recovery and eight postoperative hours. While the intergroup difference was found at other times, the intravenous infusion group was associated with less pain score, compared to the gargling group (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
A reduction in sore throat observed in subjects receiving an intravenous infusion compared to those receiving the gargling intervention during recovery and 8 h after surgery. We have convincing evidence to support the superiority of intravenous therapy comprising of lidocaine and remifentanil; however, larger sample size is needed to establish whether or not the interventions are effective.
Comparative Evaluation of Sclerostin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Periodontal Health and Disease before and after Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Mathur Ankita , Gopalakrishnan D. , Shetty Sharath , Mehta Vini , Bagwe Shreya 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of sclerostin in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) before and after 1, 3, and 6 weeks of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in subjects with and without chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
An interventional study was conducted among 35 subjects of age groups 30–50 years. Subjects were divided into three groups: Group I (10 healthy individuals), Group II (10 gingivitis), and Group III (15 chronic periodontitis only). Clinical parameters assessed were gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The GCF samples were collected from all the groups at baseline and in Group III at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 weeks after NSPT using micropipettes.

Results:
Table 1 shows age and gender details. Although the mean sclerostin concentration in GCF (ng/ml) was highest in Group III at baseline (5.41 ± 0.68) and lowest in Group 1 (4.98 ± 0.46), there was no statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) when intergroup comparison was done [Tables 2 and 3]. PPD and CAL measured for Group III were 6.93 + 1.2 and 7.67 + 1.2, respectively. PI (2.52 + 0.25) and GI (2.52 + 0.17) were measured highest in Group III [Table 4].

Conclusion:
There was a substantial decrease in the concentration of sclerostin in the GCF of chronic periodontitis patients after 1, 3, and 6 weeks after NSPT. This proves sclerostin to be a responsive measure of inflammation in periodontal destruction.
Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasm of the Larynx
Authors: Nayak Dipak Ranjan , Balakrishnan R , Ahmed C Jalwa 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Minor salivary gland neoplasm of larynx is a rare tumor of head and neck and account to around 1% of laryngeal cancers. This is a disease of middle age and affects subglottis mostly than other parts of the larynx. Preferred treatment is total laryngectomy (TL) due to high propensity for submucosal spread. In this case series, we discuss our experience in the management of salivary gland tumors of larynx.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of five patients of salivary tumors of larynx treated at our institute for over 30 years.

Results:
Among the five patients, four had Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and one had clear cell carcinoma (CCC). Four ACC patients had the lesion in the subglottis and 3 underwent TL with chemoradiation and had no recurrence till latest review after 32 months of surgery. However, one patient who underwent chemoradiation alone had a persistent disease and is receiving palliative care. CCC patient had lesion in the glottis and underwent hemilaryngectomy and had no recurrence till 15 years following surgery. No locoregional metastasis identified, though one patient had lung metastasis.

Discussion:
ACC is the most common salivary tumor seen in the larynx. Literature had shown male predominance, however, our study had shown no sex predilection. In our study, patients who underwent TL with adjuvant chemoradiation showed no recurrence as compared to one patient who underwent chemoradiation alone and had disease progression.

Conclusion:
ACC is the most common salivary gland neoplasm of larynx and surgical treatment with chemoradiation seem to provide better outcome than chemoradiation alone.
Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Bipolar Disorder, Prevalence from Kashmir
Authors: Wani Rayees Ahmad , Dar Shabir Ahmad , Shah Naveed Nazir , Haq Inaamul , Gani Suraya 
Published: September 2024

Background:
An association exists between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and bipolar disorder (BD). The prevalence of OSA in BD has significantly increased during the past two decades. We aimed to assess the prevalence of risk for OSA in BD.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional, case–control study. Out of 218 participants enrolled in the study, 109 had BD and 109 were recruited for comparison in the control group. All the participants were asked to complete the Berlin Questionnaire, a self-assessment tool to establish the risk for OSA.

Results:
About two-thirds of the patients with BD were found to be at risk for OSA as compared to the 19.27% of prevalence in the control group. Patients of BD at high risk for OSA were males, had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), with comorbid physical illnesses, and in those who were on a combination of valproate and lithium in comparison to valproate alone.

Conclusion:
Patients with BD had significantly higher BMI in comparison to controls. In comparison to controls, significant higher percentage of patients with BD had higher risk for OSA in comparison to healthy controls. Our finding of over half of patients being in the high-risk range should be sufficient to sensitize clinicians and raise awareness concerning OSA in BD.
Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy
Authors: Shah Rajeev Kumar , Koirala Bipin , Rajbansi Lalit Kumar , Arjyal Batsalya 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Tracheostomy is the most commonly performed procedure worldwide. It is mainly done in critically ill patients requiring long-term ventilation, facial trauma, laryngeal fractures, laryngeal malignancy, etc., Converting from endotracheal intubation to tracheostomy has many benefits in terms of maintaining laryngeal function, feeding, and safety, it is more comfortable than endotracheal intubation. Tracheostomized patients require less analgesics and sedatives. It also helps in easier and early weaning from the mechanical ventilator, possibility of speech, and initiation of oral intake of medication. Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a safe and feasible procedure performed at bedside with minimal invasive technique in the intensive care unit (ICU). This all contributes to shorter ICU stay and hospital stay which becomes more cost-effective.

Methods:
This is a prospective observational study that was conducted in the 22-bedded neurointensive care and medical ICU of Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The data were collected from August 01, 2021, to February 28, 2022. All patients needing tracheostomy for prolonged intubation, protection of airway, and to maintain tracheobronchial toileting was taking under study.

Results:
Our study was a prospective observational regarding PDT. A total of 71 patients were included in the study. Out of which, 39 (54.9%) were male and 32 (45.1%) were female with the ratio of (1.2:1). The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 82 years with the mean age of 53.25 years. The most common indication of PDT was prolonged intubation and that accounted for 29 (40.8%) of the patients which was followed by airway protection in 27 (38%) patients and to maintain pulmonary hygiene was seen in 15 (21.1%) patients.

Conclusion:
Tracheostomy is among the most frequently performed procedures in critically ill patients. PDT is a safe and feasible procedure performed at bedside with minimal invasive techniques in ICU.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis among Patients with Oral Cancer in India – Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gopal Saraswathi K. , Priyadharshini S. , Poongodi V. , Harsha Vardhan B. G. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Oral cancer in India accounts for two-third of global incidence. Ninety percent are squamous cell type that are prone to neck lymph node metastasis. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are common imaging methods used in our clinical practice for treatment planning, determine the prognosis and after treatment follow-up.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of CT and MRI in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis among oral cancer patients in India using systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
Literature search was conducted by manual search as well as in academic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar from 2000 to 2021. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria's, studies were analysed and tabulated. Qualitative assessment of included studies was done with QUADAS-2 which assessed the risk of bias. Further meta-analysis was done to know the efficacy of CT and MRI in identifying lymph node metastases.

Results:
A total of 14 studies including 516 participants were involved. With overall pooled sensitivity and specificity in the meta-analysis, CT showed a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 70% and MRI had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 91%, which was identified in ROC curve in detecting the cervical lymph node metastasis. The diagnostic criteria for MRI and CT in identifying cervical lymph node metastasis includes key features like increases in size, round shape, structural changes, and extra nodal extension.

Conclusion:
CT has a good sensitivity and MRI has a good specificity, which are essential for selective neck dissection.
Prospective Study of Functioning and Outcomes of Code Blue System in an Indian Tertiary Care Center: An Observational Study
Authors: Michael Binoy , Rai Amit , Varadaraj G. , Kulkarni Sachin Narayan , Yadav Rahul 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Code blue (CB) is a well-established and common emergency code used in hospitals to summon specialized medical personnel and equipment to resuscitate a patient in the event of cardiac arrest. Albeit, there are not many studies done in the Indian setup, especially in a government institution setting to assess the effectiveness of timely implementation of CB. In our study, we evaluated the effectiveness of CB system (CBS) in an Indian Armed Forces tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months which included all patients who were resuscitated by the CB team (CBT). A CB audit form (CBAF) was formulated through a questionnaire. CBAFs were filled and endorsed by the doctors who attended CB. The audit forms were compiled and analyzed using SPSS, version 21 software.

Results:
A total of 66 CB calls were initiated during the study period. While 23 patients (34.8%) had a successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 43 patients (65.2%) were declared dead at the end of initial resuscitation and 10 patients (15.2%) survived to be discharged from the hospital. The average time taken by the CBT to arrive at the scene was 3.1 min. Maximum number (n = 30, 45.4%) of CB calls were received from 1200 h to 1800 h IST. While 63 cases (95.5%) had nonshockable cardiac rhythm, only 3 cases (4.5%) had shockable rhythm on initial assessment. Forty-three patients (65.1%) had either diabetes or hypertension or both and only 4 patients (6.1%) had prior known cardiac illness.

Conclusion:
The availability of CBS increased the chance of survival and about 35% of cardiac-arrested patients had successful ROSC. Since majority of the cardiac arrest patients had a nonshockable rhythm (about 95%), nonavailability of a defibrillator is not a limiting factor in providing effective resuscitation.
Prevalence and distribution of tobacco intake in various districts of Jammu and Kashmir, J&K
Authors: Singh Malvika 
Published: September 2024

CONTEXT:
India is one of the top three tobacco burden countries in the world. Tobacco intake causes loss of health, environment and increases financial burden of an individual.

AIMS:
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of tobacco intake among individuals of more than 15 years of age in union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
District wise data from National Health Survey-5, Ministry of Health and Family welfare 2019–2020 was analyzed and measured

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Mean, median and mode.

RESULTS:
Out of all the 20 districts in J&K, prevalence of tobacco smoking was highest in Kupwara district (56.6%) and lowest in Jammu district (26.6%).

CONCLUSIONS:
People should be made more aware about the ill effects of tobacco usage. Although, the Government of India enacted various legislations to control tobacco use, its reduction lies in our hands and same should be discussed with general masses my making them aware about the menace of tobacco on mental, environmental and health of individual.
Psychological impact of quarantine and isolation on patients, carers, and frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wadoo Ovais , Shah Naveed Nazir , Firdosi Mudasir M. , Hussain Arshad , Mushtaq Mehvish , Azad Aaliya Mohi-uddin , Ouanes Sami , Khan Zaid , Majid Shahid , Din Waseem-ud , Qadri Sabeena , Reagu Shuja 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on the mental well-being of the general population and the impact is reported to be more in people in isolation/quarantine facilities and frontline healthcare workers managing patients in such facilities. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is yet to be fully understood by family carers who attend to the patient for basic nursing care in hospital settings. We set out to bridge this gap by exploring the psychological impact on patients, carers, and frontline healthcare workers.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a COVID-19 tertiary care treatment facility. Consecutive adult patients admitted for quarantine and isolation purposes, their immediate carers, and frontline workers were included in the study. Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale was used to study the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
In the patient group, the prevalence of depression was 60.2% and the prevalence of anxiety was 53%. In the carer group, the prevalence of depression was 46.2% and the prevalence of anxiety was 49.2%. In the healthcare worker group, the prevalence of depression was 16.7% and the prevalence of anxiety was 33.3%.

Interpretation and Conclusions:
COVID-19 has led to an increasing reliance on home and hospital carers. Our study underlines an important finding that the psychological impact is significant not only on the patients who contract the infection but also on their carers.
Analysis of Tobacco Cessation Programs in Dental Settings
Authors: Benjamin Niharika , Choubey Varsha , Bhasin Meenakshi , Sushma Bedkekar , Choudhary Anushree , Thomas Pallavi Ammu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable diseases, including oral cancer and periodontal disease. Dental settings offer a unique opportunity for tobacco cessation interventions due to the frequent patient–dentist interactions.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted across 20 dental clinics. Participants included 400 adult tobacco users who were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 200) or a control group (n = 200). The intervention group received a comprehensive tobacco cessation program consisting of behavioral counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, and follow-up sessions over 6 months. The control group received standard care, which included general advice on quitting tobacco. Data on tobacco use, quit rates, and oral health status were collected at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0, and significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
At 6 months, the intervention group showed a significantly higher quit rate (45%) compared to the control group (20%) (P < 0.001). Additionally, participants in the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in oral health parameters, including reductions in periodontal pocket depths (a mean reduction of 2.5 mm) and improvements in gingival health scores. Satisfaction with the program was high among participants in the intervention group, with 85% reporting they would recommend the program to others.

Conclusion:
The tobacco cessation program implemented in dental settings significantly increased quit rates and improved oral health outcomes compared to standard care. These findings suggest that integrating tobacco cessation programs into routine dental practice can effectively reduce tobacco use and enhance oral health.