bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinction Between Precapillary and Postcapillary Pulmonary Hypertension by the Atrial Volume Ratio on Transthoracic Echocardiography
Authors: Saito Naka , Kato Shingo , Saito Noritaka , Nakachi Tatsuya , Fukui Kazuki , Kosuge Masami , Kimura Kazuo 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe differential diagnosis between precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is important for deciding on the appropriate therapeutic strategy. The aim of this study was to assess whether the atrial volume ratio can differentiate precapillary and post‐capillary PH.MethodsSeventy‐seven patients with PH who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and right heart catheterization were retrospectively studied. Pulmonary hypertension was defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 25 mm Hg or higher by right heart catheterization. Patients with a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure higher than 15 mm Hg were classified as having postcapillary PH, and patients with a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15 mm Hg or lower were classified as having precapillary PH. The atrial volume ratio derived from TTE was defined as right atrial volume divided by left atrial volume.ResultsForty‐four (57%) of 77 patients had precapillary PH by the right heart catheterization classification. The atrial volume ratio was significantly higher in precapillary PH than in postcapillary PH (1.03 ± 0.69 versus 0.50 ± 0.19; P < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the atrial volume ratio for detecting postcapillary PH was 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.75–0.93). Adding the atrial volume ratio to the left ventricular ejection fraction yielded a high area under the curve of 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.96) for distinguishing precapillary and postcapillary PH.ConclusionsThe atrial volume ratio assessed by TTE might be useful for differential diagnosis between precapillary and postcapillary PH.
Detection of Pathologically Proven Silicone Lymphadenopathy: Ultrasonography Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Klang Eyal , Yosepovich Ady , Krosser Alec , Soffer Shelly , Halshtok Neiman Osnat , Shalmon Anat , Gotlieb Michael , Sklair‐Levy Miri 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the abilities of ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing silicone lymphadenopathy.MethodsConsecutive patients with silicone breast implants who underwent axillary and intramammary lymph node core needle biopsies were retrospectively collected (December 2011–May 2017). Ultrasonographic examinations were analyzed for the presence of the US snowstorm sign, and MRI examinations were evaluated for the presence of the silicone signal. A pathologist reviewed all biopsied specimens. Ultrasonographic and MRI evaluations were compared to pathologic results. The sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing silicone lymphadenopathy were calculated for the snowstorm sign on US and the MRI silicone signal.ResultsForty‐one lymph node biopsies were included: 8 (19.5%) silicone‐containing lymph nodes, 29 (70.7%) reactive nodes, and 4 (9.8%) malignant nodes. All nodes were evaluated by US, and 18 of 41 (43.9%) were evaluated by MRI. Seven of 8 (87.5%) silicone‐containing nodes showed the snowstorm sign compared to none (0.0%) of the reactive or malignant nodes (P = .0001). One of 5 (20.0%) silicone‐containing nodes evaluated by MRI showed the silicone signal compared to none (0.0%) of the reactive or malignant nodes (P = .278). The sensitivity and specificity of the snowstorm sign for diagnosing silicone lymphadenopathy were 87.5% and 100%, respectively, whereas those of the MRI silicone signal were 20.0% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsThe US snowstorm sign is much more sensitive for silicone lymphadenopathy than the MRI silicone signal. In cases of suspected silicone lymphadenopathy, the use of US in addition to MRI should be contemplated.
Real‐time Ultrasound Assessment of Astronaut Spinal Anatomy and Disorders on the International Space Station
Authors: Garcia Kathleen M. , Harrison Michael F. , Sargsyan Ashot E. , Ebert Douglas , Dulchavsky Scott A. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesBack pain is one of the most common conditions of astronauts during spaceflight and is hypothesized to be attributed to pathologic anatomic changes. Ultrasound (US) represents the only available imaging modality on the International Space Station, but a formal US protocol for imaging the structures of the spinal column does not exist. This investigation developed a method of acquiring diagnostic‐quality images of the anterior lumbar and cervical regions of the spine during long‐duration spaceflight.MethodsComprehensive spinal US examinations were conducted on 7 long‐duration spaceflight astronauts before flight, in flight, and after flight and compared to preflight and postflight magnetic resonance imaging data. In‐flight scans were conducted after just‐in‐time training assisted by remote expert tele‐US guidance.ResultsNovice users were able to obtain diagnostic‐quality spinal images with a 92.5% success rate. Thirty‐three anomalous or pathologic findings were identified during the preflight US analysis, and at least 14 new findings or progressions were identified during the postflight US analysis. Common findings included disk desiccation, osteophytes, and qualitative changes in the intervertebral disk height and angle.ConclusionsUltrasound has proven efficacy as a portable and versatile diagnostic imaging modality under austere conditions. We demonstrated a potential role for US to evaluate spinal integrity and alterations in the extreme environment of space on the International Space Station. Further investigations should be performed to corroborate this imaging technique and to create a larger database related to in‐flight spinal conditions during long‐duration spaceflight.
Seroconversion of raccoons following two oral rabies vaccination baiting strategies
Authors: Berentsen Are R. , Patrick Erin M. , Blass Chad , Wehner Keith , Dunlap Brett , Hicks Bradley , Hale Robert , Chipman Richard B. , Vercauteren Kurt C. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSeroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (rVNA) in raccoons (Procyon lotor) following oral rabies vaccination (ORV) with RABORAL V‐RG®in the United States has annually averaged 30% since 1997, a level that is unlikely to successfully interrupt rabies transmission in raccoon populations. A longitudinal ORV zone is maintained in the eastern United States with raccoon variant rabies established east of the zone but absent to the west. However, questions remain regarding the effect of the bait application strategy towards achieving optimal population immunity. We estimated the number of ORV baits/km2of raccoon home range and calculated rVNA seroprevalence following 2 ORV baiting strategies: cluster baiting (≤10 baits dropped at a time) via helicopter and hand distribution of individual baits at regular intervals along roads and trails in suburban Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA, during fall 2013 and 2014. We applied baits at 75 baits/km2under both strategies. We established 6 1‐km2cells in each treatment area, and fitted ≤2 raccoons with global positioning system collars in each cell. We trapped and sampled ≤25 raccoons in each study cell pre‐ and post‐ORV application for rVNA analysis. Overall raccoon home range and core area estimates were 80.7 ha and 17.5 ha, respectively (n = 36). Average bait application for home ranges (n = 32 home ranges that received bait) was 80.9 baits/km2for helicopter baiting and 63.6 baits/km2for hand baiting sites. Average bait application for core areas was 104.7 baits/km2for helicopter baiting and 69.2 baits/km2for hand baiting sites. All home ranges were baited in both treatment areas, whereas 10/18 and 13/14 core areas were baited in the helicopter and hand distribution sites, respectively. Overall, helicopter cluster ORV delivered more baits/km2of raccoon home range than hand distribution but was less effective in reaching core areas. Seroprevalence did not change as a function of baiting strategy (helicopter vs. hand baiting). The average overall increase in seroprevalence following ORV application was 8.9%. Evaluation of additional strategies are needed because both methods failed to achieve herd immunity necessary to disrupt rabies transmission in raccoons. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Rotational Dynamics of a Probe in Rubbery Polymers Characterized by Time‐Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy Measurement
Authors: Nguyen Hung K. , Konomi Asuka , Sugimoto Shin , Inutsuka Manabu , Kawaguchi Daisuke , Tanaka Keiji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe rotational relaxation time (τrot) of a fluorescent molecule, coumarin 153 (C153), dispersed in different rubbery polymers is characterized by time‐resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurement, and an attempt is made to quantitatively combine it with the segmental relaxation time (τseg) of the corresponding matrix polymer obtained by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. This study here demonstrates that τseg extrapolated to higher temperatures using the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann law can be superimposed on τrot, resulting in a single curve. This behavior is common for polymers with different glass transition temperatures such as polyisoprene and acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymer, implying that the rotational dynamics of C153 is a useful tool for the characterization of polymer dynamics.
The Primary Results of the Treating Adult Smokers at Risk for Weight Gain with Interactive Technology (TARGIT) Study
Authors: Johnson Karen C. , Thomas Fridtjof , Richey Phyllis , Tran Quynh T. , Tylavsky Fran , Miro Danielle , Coday Mace 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a behavioral weight management program combined with a smoking cessation program delivered via interactive technology could prevent postcessation weight gain.MethodsThree hundred and thirty young adult smokers, age 18 to 35 years, were randomized to a smoking cessation program alone (comparison group), which included behavioral counseling and nicotine replacement, or to a behavioral weight management program adapted from the Look AHEAD trial plus the same smoking cessation program (intervention group).ResultsThe Treating Adult Smokers at Risk for Weight Gain with Interactive Technology study randomized 164 participants to the comparison group and 166 participants to the intervention group. On average, the participants gained 0.91 kg after 24 months in the trial (comparison group + 1.45 kg and intervention group + 0.32; P = 0.157). The only variable systematically affecting weight change over time was smoking abstinence, in which those who were abstinent, on average, gained 0.14 kg more per month compared with those who continued to smoke (P < 0.001). In exploratory analyses, the intervention participants who were abstinent at 6 months had numerically smaller weight gains compared with abstinent participants in the comparison group, but these differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsProviding an intensive weight gain prevention program combined with a smoking cessation program via interactive technology was not associated with greater long‐term weight gain prevention.
Phosphoproteomics Profiling of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cells Treated with a Novel Phosphatase Activator
Authors: Wiredja Danica D. , Ayati Marzieh , Mazhar Sahar , Sangodkar Jaya , Maxwell Sean , Schlatzer Daniela , Narla Goutham , Koyutürk Mehmet , Chance Mark R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractActivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy, as this tumor suppressor has the ability to coordinately downregulate multiple pathways involved in the regulation of cellular growth and proliferation. In order to understand the systems‐level perturbations mediated by PP2A activation, we carried out mass spectrometry‐based phosphoproteomic analysis of two KRAS mutated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549 and H358) treated with a novel small molecule activator of PP2A (SMAP). Overall, this permitted quantification of differential signaling across over 1600 phosphoproteins and 3000 phosphosites. Kinase activity assessment and pathway enrichment implicate collective downregulation of RAS and cell cycle kinases in the case of both cell lines upon PP2A activation. However, the effects on RAS‐related signaling are attenuated for A549 compared to H358, while the effects on cell cycle‐related kinases are noticeably more prominent in A549. Network‐based analyses and validation experiments confirm these detailed differences in signaling. These studies reveal the power of phosphoproteomics studies, coupled to computational systems biology, to elucidate global patterns of phosphatase activation and understand the variations in response to PP2A activation across genetically similar NSCLC cell lines.
On the relationship between cumulative correlation coefficients and the quality of crystallographic data sets
Authors: Wang Jimin , Brudvig Gary W. , Batista Victor S. , Moore Peter B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn 2012, Karplus and Diederichs demonstrated that the Pearson correlation coefficient CC1/2 is a far better indicator of the quality and resolution of crystallographic data sets than more traditional measures like merging R‐factor or signal‐to‐noise ratio. More specifically, they proposed that CC1/2 be computed for data sets in thin shells of increasing resolution so that the resolution dependence of that quantity can be examined. Recently, however, the CC1/2 values of entire data sets, i.e., cumulative correlation coefficients, have been used as a measure of data quality. Here, we show that the difference in cumulative CC1/2 value between a data set that has been accurately measured and a data set that has not is likely to be small. Furthermore, structures obtained by molecular replacement from poorly measured data sets are likely to suffer from extreme model bias.
Effects of bladder status on cervical cancer treatment with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy plans
Authors: Ye Lan , Wu Xing‐rao , Li Kang‐ming , Bai Han , Zheng Jie , Ai Yi‐qin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to compare the effects of different bladder statuses on cervical cancer treatment with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans.MethodsA total of 21 cervical cancer patients who were willing to be treated with IMRT in the prone position at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from December 1, 2014 to October 31, 2015 were selected for this study. IMRT treatment plans were carried out using computed tomography images of the full and empty bladder. Data were collected to compare the differences between clinical target volume, planning target volume, and the percentage of irradiated volume of the bladder, small bowel, rectum, and caput femoris in patients with full and empty bladders.ResultsClinical target volume, planning target volume, and the volume of organs at risk did not show obvious differences (P > 0.05 in all respects) in patients with different bladder statuses. The average radiation dose of the small bowel of a patient with a full bladder (2056.7 ± 364.7 cGy) was significantly lower than that of a patient with an empty bladder (2319.5 ± 451.58 cGy), P < 0.001. The average radiation dose of the rectum of a patient with a full bladder (4663.7 ± 68.94 cGy) was higher than that of a patient with an empty bladder (4621.6 ± 54.86 cGy), P = 0.039. The percentages of irradiated volume covered by the 5–45 Gy isodose curve (V5–V45) of the small bowel were lower in the full bladder patients than in the empty bladder patients (P < 0.001 in all respects), whereas the percentages of irradiated volume covered by the 45 Gy isodose curve (V45) of the rectum were higher in the full bladder patients (P < 0.05). If a patient had lymphatic metastasis, the V45 irradiated volume ratio (IVR) of the small bowel of a patient with a full bladder was lower than that of a patient with an empty bladder, P < 0.001, whereas the V45 IVR of the rectum increased (P = 0.04). For patients without lymphatic metastasis, the V45 IVR of the small bowel and bladder both decreased with a full bladder compared with an empty bladder (P = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively), and there was no difference in the V45 IVR of the rectum (P = 0.275).ConclusionsIMRT plans delivered to patients with a full bladder in the prone position can reduce the percentage of irradiated volume in the small bowel. For patients with lymphatic metastasis, although keeping a full bladder reduces the percentage of irradiated volume in the intestine, it also increases the percentage of irradiated volume in the rectum
Antibiotics to outpatients in Norway—Assessing effect of latitude and municipality population size using quantile regression in a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Haugen Pål , Simonsen Gunnar S. , Primicerio Raul , Furberg Anne‐Sofie , Småbrekke Lars 
Published: September 2017

High antibiotic consumption rates are associated to high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Geographical differences in dispensing rates of antibiotics are frequently analysed using statistical methods addressing the central tendency of the data. Yet, examining extreme quantiles may be of equal or greater interest if the problem relates to the extremes of consumption rates, as is the case for antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate how geographic location (latitude) and municipality population size affect antibiotic consumption in Norway. We analysed all outpatient antibiotic prescriptions (n > 14 000 000) in Norway between 2004 and 2010 using quantile regression. Data were stratified by year, and we aggregated individual data to municipality, county, or latitudinal range. We specified the quantile regression models using directed acyclic graphs and selected the model based on Akaike information criteria. Yearly outpatient antibiotic consumption in Norway varied up to 10‐fold at municipality level. We found geographical variation to depend on the number of inhabitants in a municipality and on latitude. These variables interacted, so that consumption declined with increasing latitude when municipality population sizes were small, but the effect of latitude diminished as the number of inhabitants increased. Aggregation to different levels of spatial resolution did not significantly affect our results. In Norway, outpatient antibiotic dispensing rates decreases with latitude at a rate contingent on municipality population size. Quantile regression analysis provides a flexible and powerful tool to address problems related to high, or low, dispensing rates.
Einstein A Coefficients, Oscillator Strengths, and Absolute Band Strengths for the First Negative System, and Franck‐Condon Factors for the Second Negative System of
Authors: JAIN D. C. , SAHNI R. C. 
Published: September 2017

The Franck‐Condon factors and r centroids for the first negative and the second negative band systems of the molecule, based on the Rydberg‐Klein‐Rees potential energy curves, have been computed. The variation of the electronic transition moment with the internuclear separation has been studied for the first negative bands and the Einstein A coefficients, the oscillator strengths, and the absolute band strengths for this system have been calculated by adopting the recent experimental data on the lifetimes of the various levels of the excited B state.On a calculé pour la molécule les facteurs de Franck‐Condon et les r centroïds pour les deux premiers systèmes de bandes négatives avec des courbes de potential de Rydberg‐Klein‐Rees. On a étudié la variation du moment de transition éléctronique avec la séparation internucléaire pour les premières bandes négatives. Les constantes A d'Einstein, les forces d'oscillateur et les intensités absolues des bandes ont été calculé des données expérimentales récentes sur les durées de vie des niveaux différents de l'état excité B .Die Franck‐Condon‐Faktoren und die r‐Zentroide der zwei ersten negativen Banden‐systeme des ‐Moleküls, wurden mit den Rydberg‐Klein‐kees Potentialkurven berechnet. Die Variation des elektronischen Übergangsmoment mit dem Kernabstand würde für die ersten negativen Bänder studiert. Die Einsteinschen A‐Koeffizienten, die Oszillatorstärken and die absoluten Bandenstärken wurden mit die neuen experimentellen Tatsachen über die Lebensdauern der verschiedenen Niveaus des angeregten B Zustands berechnet.
Oxidation of Organic Functionalities by PhI(OAc)2 Catalysed by Magnetically Separable Fe3O4@dopa‐Supported Mn(III) Complexes: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Chakraborty Aratrika , Dasgupta Sanchari , Chatterjee Sourav , Menéndez Maria Isabel , Das Debasis , Chattopadhyay Tanmay 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThree newly designed ligands N, N′‐bis (3, 5‐diX)‐2, 2‐dimethylpropane‐1, 3 diamine, where X=Cl/Br/I (H2L1‐H2L3) having N2O2binding sites, have been chosen to synthesize mononuclear manganese(III) complexes 1–3 with an aim to study their catalytic activity towards oxidation of various substrates using PhI(OAc)2as a terminal oxidant. All these complexes have been characterized by routine physico‐chemical techniques. Complexes 1 (MnL1Cl ) and 2 (MnL2Cl ) have further been structurally characterized by X‐ray single crystal structure analysis. Detailed analysis of ESI‐MS, UV‐Vis and cyclic voltammetry studies along with theoretical calculations helped us to put forward probable mechanistic pathway for these efficient catalytic reactions. Complex 1exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency in every reaction and therefore it was selected for building a magnetically separable catalyst by attaching it to surface modified magnetic nanoparticles. The new Fe3O4@dopa@MnL1Cl(dopa=dopamine hydrochloride) [FDM‐1] catalyst was characterized by solid state UV‐VIS, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, TGA, PXRD, EDX and SQUID analyses. The catalytic activity towards oxidation of various substrates by FDM‐1 was studied using PhI(OAc)2 and results indicated excellent efficiency along with reusability.
Evaluation of the Morphological, Electrical and Antibacterial Properties of Polyaniline Nanocomposite Based on Zn/Al‐Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Youssef Ahmed M. , Moustafa Hesham A. , Barhoum Ahmed , Hakim Abou El‐Fetouh A. Abdel , Dufresne Alain 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, polyaniline (PAn) based on Zinc aluminum layered double hydroxides (3:1; Zn/Al‐LDHs) nanocomposites; containing various concentrations of LDHs were successfully prepared via free emulsion polymerization using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as an oxidizing agent. The morphology of the synthesized LDHs and its nanocomposites were investigated using transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐Ray diffraction (XRD). TEM and SEM results showed that LDHs nanoparticles were obviously located in the polymer, with good dispersion. While the XRD results were demonstrated intercalated or exfoliated nanocomposites morphologies depending on the modification of the LDHs. The surface area of the fashioned nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that the surface area for PAn/LDHs, PAn/LDH‐DS and LDH‐DBS nanocomposites increased to 34.26 m2 g−1, 36.83 m2 g−1and 36.62 m2 g−1, respectively, while neat polyaniline was (23.84 m2 g−1). Moreover, the electrical conductivity for the investigated nanocomposites was enhanced with increasing the ratio of LDHs in the prepared nanocomposite. The fashioned nanocomposites exhibited good antibacterial activity against G+ve, G−ve bacteria and fungi. Therefore, it could be a promising candidate in various electrical and biological applications.