bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surviving but not thriving: inconsistent responses of zooxanthellate jellyfish polyps to ocean warming and future UV-B scenarios
Authors: Klein Shannon G. , Pitt Kylie A. , Carroll Anthony R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractComplex changes to UV radiation at the Earth’s surface are occurring concurrently with ocean warming. Despite few empirical tests, jellyfish are hypothesised to be increasing in some parts of the world because they are robust to environmental stressors. Here we examine the effects of UV-B and ocean warming projections on zooxanthellate jellyfish polyps. We exposed Cassiopea sp. polyps to three levels of UV-B (future-low (1.43 Wm2), current (1.60 Wm2), future-high (1.77 Wm2)) and two levels of temperature (current-day (25 °C) and future (28 °C)) over 6 weeks. The intensity of UV-B was varied throughout the day to mimic diel variation in UV-B irradiance. Polyp survival, asexual reproduction and YII were measured. In the current and future-high UV-B treatments, more polyps were produced in 25 °C than 28 °C. This pattern, however, was reversed under future-low UV-B conditions, where more polyps were produced at 28 °C. YII was highest under current summer conditions and future conditions of low UV-B and increased temperature. YII, however, was reduced under high UV-B conditions but was further reduced with warming. Our results suggest that although Cassiopea polyps may survive elevated UV-B and warming conditions, they are unlikely to thrive. If, however, UV-B radiation decreases then ocean warming may facilitate increases in Cassiopea populations.
Nucleolin interacts with influenza A nucleoprotein and contributes to viral ribonucleoprotein complexes nuclear trafficking and efficient influenza viral replication
Authors: Terrier Olivier , Carron Coralie , De Chassey Benoît , Dubois Julia , Traversier Aurélien , Julien Thomas , Cartet Gaëlle , Proust Anaïs , Hacot Sabine , Ressnikoff Denis , Lotteau Vincent , Lina Bruno , Diaz Jean-Jacques , Moules Vincent , Rosa-Calatrava Manuel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInfluenza viruses replicate their single-stranded RNA genomes in the nucleus of infected cells and these replicated genomes (vRNPs) are then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane before budding. To achieve this export, influenza viruses hijack the host cell export machinery. However, the complete mechanisms underlying this hijacking remain not fully understood. We have previously shown that influenza viruses induce a marked alteration of the nucleus during the time-course of infection and notably in the nucleolar compartment. In this study, we discovered that a major nucleolar component, called nucleolin, is required for an efficient export of vRNPs and viral replication. We have notably shown that nucleolin interacts with the viral nucleoprotein (NP) that mainly constitutes vRNPs. Our results suggest that this interaction could allow vRNPs to “catch” the host cell export machinery, a necessary step for viral replication.
Application of flat panel OLED display technology for the point-of-care detection of circulating cancer biomarkers
Authors: Katchman Benjamin A. , Smith Joseph T. , Obahiagbon Uwadiae , Kesiraju Sailaja , Lee Yong-Kyun , O’Brien Barry , Kaftanoglu Korhan , Blain Christen Jennifer , Anderson Karen S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPoint-of-care molecular diagnostics can provide efficient and cost-effective medical care and they have the potential to fundamentally change our approach to global health. However, most existing approaches are not scalable to include multiple biomarkers. As a solution, we have combined commercial flat panel OLED display technology with protein microarray technology to enable high-density fluorescent, programmable, multiplexed biorecognition in a compact and disposable configuration with clinical-level sensitivity. Our approach leverages advances in commercial display technology to reduce pre-functionalized biosensor substrate costs to pennies per cm2. Here, we demonstrate quantitative detection of IgG antibodies to multiple viral antigens in patient serum samples with detection limits for human IgG in the 10 pg/mL range. We also demonstrate multiplexed detection of antibodies to the HPV16 proteins E2, E6 and E7, which are circulating biomarkers for cervical as well as head and neck cancers.
In situ characterization of protein aggregates in human tissues affected by light chain amyloidosis: a FTIR microspectroscopy study
Authors: Ami Diletta , Lavatelli Francesca , Rognoni Paola , Palladini Giovanni , Raimondi Sara , Giorgetti Sofia , Monti Luca , Doglia Silvia Maria , Natalello Antonino , Merlini Giampaolo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLight chain (AL) amyloidosis, caused by deposition of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains (LCs), is the most common systemic form in industrialized countries. Still open questions, and premises for developing targeted therapies, concern the mechanisms of amyloid formation in vivo and the bases of organ targeting and dysfunction. Investigating amyloid material in its natural environment is crucial to obtain new insights on the molecular features of fibrillar deposits at individual level. To this aim, we used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy for studying in situ unfixed tissues (heart and subcutaneous abdominal fat) from patients affected by AL amyloidosis. We compared the infrared response of affected tissues with that of ex vivo and in vitro fibrils obtained from the pathogenic LC derived from one patient, as well as with that of non amyloid-affected tissues. We demonstrated that the IR marker band of intermolecular β-sheets, typical of protein aggregates, can be detected in situ in LC amyloid-affected tissues, and that FTIR microspectroscopy allows exploring the inter- and intra-sample heterogeneity. We extended the infrared analysis to the characterization of other biomolecules embedded within the amyloid deposits, finding an IR pattern that discloses a possible role of lipids, collagen and glycosaminoglycans in amyloid deposition in vivo.
Identification of Novel FAM134B (JK1) Mutations in Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Haque Md. Hakimul , Gopalan Vinod , Chan Kwok-wah , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Smith Robert Anthony , Lam Alfred King-yin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMutation of FAM134B (Family with Sequence Similarity 134, Member B) leading to loss of function of its encoded Golgi protein and has been reported induce apoptosis in neurological disorders. FAM134B mutation is still unexplored in cancer. Herein, we studied the DNA copy number variation and novel mutation sites of FAM134B in a large cohort of freshly collected oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue samples. In ESCC tissues, 37% (38/102) showed increased FAM134B DNA copies whereas 35% (36/102) showed loss of FAM134B copies relative to matched non-cancer tissues. Novel mutations were detected in exons 4, 5, 7, 9 as well as introns 2, 4-8 of FAM134B via HRM (High-Resolution Melt) and Sanger sequencing analysis. Overall, thirty-seven FAM134B mutations were noted in which most (31/37) mutations were homozygous. FAM134B mutations were detected in all the cases with metastatic ESCC in the lymph node tested and in 14% (8/57) of the primary ESCC. Genetic alteration of FAM134B is a frequent event in the progression of ESCCs. These findings imply that mutation might be the major driving source of FAM134B genetic modulation in ESCCs.
Revealing the morphological architecture of a shape memory polyurethane by simulation
Authors: Hu Jinlian , Zhang Cuili , Ji Fenglong , Li Xun , Han Jianping , Wu You 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe lack of specific knowledge of the network structure in shape memory polymers (SMPs) has prevented us from gaining an in-depth understanding of their mechanisms and limited the potential for materials innovation. This paper firstly reveals the unit-cell nanoscale morphological architecture of SMPs by simulation. The phase separated architecture of a segmented shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) with a 30 wt% hard segment content (HSC, 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO)) showing good shape memory properties was investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. A linked-spherical netpoint-frame phase of MDI, a matrix-switch phase of polycaprolactone (PCL) and a connected-spider-like interphase for BDO were obtained for this SMPU. The BDO interphase can reinforce the MDI network. Based on these simulation results, a three-dimensional (3D) overall morphological architectural model of the SMPU can be established. This theoretical study has verified, enriched and integrated two existing schematic models: one being the morphological model deduced from experiments and the other the frame model for SMPs reported before. It can serve as a theoretical guide for smart polymeric materials design. This method for the simulation of polymer structure at the nanoscale can be extended to many areas such as photonic crystals where nanoscale self-assembly plays a vital role.
More than carbon sequestration: Biophysical climate benefits of restored savanna woodlands
Authors: Syktus Jozef I. , McAlpine Clive A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDeforestation and climate change are interconnected and represent major environmental challenges. Here, we explore the capacity of regional-scale restoration of marginal agricultural lands to savanna woodlands in Australia to reduce warming and drying resulting from increased concentration of greenhouse gases. We show that restoration triggers a positive feedback loop between the land surface and the atmosphere, characterised by increased evaporative fraction, eddy dissipation and turbulent mixing in the boundary-layer resulting in enhanced cloud formation and precipitation over the restored regions. The increased evapotranspiration results from the capacity deep-rooted woody vegetation to access soil moisture. As a consequence, the increase in precipitation provides additional moisture to soil and trees, thus reinforcing the positive feedback loop. Restoration reduced the rate of warming and drying under the transient increase in the radiative forcing of greenhouse gas emissions (RCP8.5). At the continental scale, average summer warming for all land areas was reduced by 0.18 oC from 4.1 oC for the period 2056–2075 compared to 1986–2005. For the restored regions (representing 20% of Australia), the averaged surface temperature increase was 3.2 °C which is 0.82 °C cooler compared to agricultural landscapes. Further, there was reduction of 12% in the summer drying of the near-surface soil for the restored regions.
Role of Yb3+ ions on enhanced ~2.9 μm emission from Ho3+ ions in low phonon oxide glass system
Authors: Balaji Sathravada , Gupta Gaurav , Biswas Kaushik , Ghosh Debarati , Annapurna Kalyandurg 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe foremost limitation of an oxide based crystal or glass host to demonstrate mid- infrared emissions is its high phonon energy. It is very difficult to obtain radiative mid-infrared emissions from these hosts which normally relax non-radiatively between closely spaced energy levels of dopant rare earth ions. In this study, an intense mid-infrared emission around 2.9 μm has been perceived from Ho3+ ions in Yb3+/Ho3+ co-doped oxide based tellurite glass system. This emission intensity has increased many folds upon Yb3+: 985 nm excitation compared to direct Ho3+ excitations due to efficient excited state resonant energy transfer through Yb3+: 2F5/2 → Ho3+: 5I5 levels. The effective bandwidth (FWHM) and cross-section (σem) of measured emission at 2.9 μm are assessed to be 180 nm and 9.1 × 10−21 cm2 respectively which are comparable to other crystal/glass hosts and even better than ZBLAN fluoride glass host. Hence, this Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped oxide glass system has immense potential for the development of solid state mid-infrared laser sources operating at 2.9 μm region.
An Artificial Reaction Promoter Modulates Mitochondrial Functions via Chemically Promoting Protein Acetylation
Authors: Shindo Yutaka , Komatsu Hirokazu , Hotta Kohji , Ariga Katsuhiko , Oka Kotaro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAcetylation, which modulates protein function, is an important process in intracellular signalling. In mitochondria, protein acetylation regulates a number of enzymatic activities and, therefore, modulates mitochondrial functions. Our previous report showed that tributylphosphine (PBu3), an artificial reaction promoter that promotes acetylransfer reactions in vitro, also promotes the reaction between acetyl-CoA and an exogenously introduced fluorescent probe in mitochondria. In this study, we demonstrate that PBu3 induces the acetylation of mitochondrial proteins and a decrease in acetyl-CoA concentration in PBu3-treated HeLa cells. This indicates that PBu3 can promote the acetyltransfer reaction between acetyl-CoA and mitochondrial proteins in living cells. PBu3-induced acetylation gradually reduced mitochondrial ATP concentrations in HeLa cells without changing the cytoplasmic ATP concentration, suggesting that PBu3 mainly affects mitochondrial functions. In addition, pyruvate, which is converted into acetyl-CoA in mitochondria and transiently increases ATP concentrations in the absence of PBu3, elicited a further decrease in mitochondrial ATP concentrations in the presence of PBu3. Moreover, the application and removal of PBu3 reversibly alternated mitochondrial fragmentation and elongation. These results indicate that PBu3 enhances acetyltransfer reactions in mitochondria and modulates mitochondrial functions in living cells.
Intercellular transfer of P-glycoprotein in human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells is increased by histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Noack Andreas , Noack Sandra , Buettner Manuela , Naim Hassan Y. , Löscher Wolfgang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) controls the entry of compounds into the brain, thereby regulating brain homeostasis. Efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) significantly contribute to BBB function. Multiple signaling pathways modulate the expression and activity of Pgp in response to xenobiotics and disease. A non-genetic way of intercellular transfer of Pgp occurs in cancer cells, but whether this also occurs in non-cancer cells such as endothelial cells that form the BBB is not known. A human brain endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3) was used to study whether cell-to-cell Pgp transfer occurs during co-culturing with Pgp-EGFP expressing hCMEC/D3 cells. The Pgp-EGFP fusion protein was transferred from donor to recipient cells by cell-to-cell contact and Pgp-EGFP enriched vesicles, which were exocytosed by donor cells and endocytosed by adherent recipient cells. Flow cytometry experiments with the Pgp substrate eFLUXX-ID Gold demonstrated that the transferred Pgp is functional in the recipient cells. Exposure of the donor cells with inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) resulted in an enhanced intercellular Pgp transfer. Non-genetic transfer of a resistance phenotype and its regulation by HDACs is a novel mechanism of altering BBB functionality. This mechanism may have important implications for understanding drug-induced alterations in Pgp expression and activity.
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl Borate Potentiates CRAC Current by Directly Dilating the Pore of Open Orai1
Authors: Xu Xiaolan , Ali Sher , Li Yufeng , Yu Haijie , Zhang Mingshu , Lu Jingze , Xu Tao 
Published: July 2016

Abstract2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) elicits potentiation current (Ip) on Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. An accurate investigation into this modulation mechanism would reveal how STIM1-dependent channel gating is enhanced and benefit the future immune enhancer development. Here, we directly probed the pore diameter of CRAC channels and found that 2-APB enlarged the pore size of STIM1-activated Orai1 from 3.8 to 4.6 Å. We demonstrated that ions with small sizes, i.e., Ca2+ and Na+, mediated prominent 2-APB-induced Ip on the wildtype (WT) Orai1 channels of narrow pore sizes, while conducted decreased or no Ip on Orai1-V102C/A/G mutant channels with enlarged pore diameters. On the contrary, large Cs+ ions blocked the WT channels, while displayed large 2-APB induced Ip on pore-enlarged Orai1-V102C/A/G mutant channels and the potentiation ratio was highest on Orai1-V102C with an intermediate pore size. Furthermore, we showed that 2-APB potentiated Cs+ current on constitutively active Orai1-V102C/A/G mutants independent of STIM1. Our data suggest that 2-APB directly dilates the pore of open Orai1 channels, both ion size and pore diameter jointly determine the amplitude of Ip on CRAC channels and the generation of Ip requires the open state of Orai1, not STIM1 itself.
Diagnostic test accuracy of anti-glycopeptidolipid-core IgA antibodies for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shibata Yuji , Horita Nobuyuki , Yamamoto Masaki , Tsukahara Toshinori , Nagakura Hideyuki , Tashiro Ken , Watanabe Hiroki , Nagai Kenjiro , Nakashima Kentaro , Ushio Ryota , Ikeda Misako , Narita Atsuya , Kanai Akinori , Sato Takashi , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurrently, an anti-glycopeptidolipid (GPL)-core IgA antibody assay kit for diagnosing Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is commercially available. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the precise diagnostic accuracy of anti-GPL-core IgA antibodies for MAC pulmonary disease (MAC-PD). We systematically searched reports that could provide data for both sensitivity and specificity by anti-GPL-core IgA antibody for clinically diagnosed MAC-PD. Diagnostic test accuracy was estimated using the bivariate model. Of the 257 articles that we had found through primary search, we finally included 16 reports consisted of 1098 reference positive subjects and 2270 reference negative subjects. The diagnostic odds ratio was 24.8 (95% CI 11.6–52.8, I2 = 5.5%) and the area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.873 (95% CI 0.837–0.913). With a cutoff value of 0.7 U/mL, the summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were 0.696 (95% CI 0.621–0.761) and 0.906 (95% CI 0.836–0.951), respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 7.4 (95% CI 4.1–13.8) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.26–0.43), respectively. The demanding clinical diagnostic criteria may be a cause of false positive of the index test. The index test had good overall diagnostic accuracy and was useful to ruling in MAC-PD with the cutoff value.
A Convenient Metal-Free Synthesis of (E)-3-Styrylisocoumarins through Annulation of (E)-1,4-Diarylenynes
Authors: Zhao Guangkuan , Yuan Ling-Zhi , Roudier Mylène , Peyrat Jean-François , Hamze Abdallah , Brion Jean-Daniel , Provot Olivier , Alami Mouad 
Published: July 2016

A metal-free procedure for the cyclization of (E)-1,4-di­arylenynes is described. The reaction is promoted by a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid and takes place in ethanol at 160 °C under microwave irradiation to afford stereoselectively (E)-3-styrylisocoumarins in good to excellent yields.
Are we making a difference?
Authors: Clyne Michael 
Published: July 2016

Language is crucial in our lives and to all disciplines. It affects our well-being individually and collectively and touches important sociopolitical issues. Linguists/applied linguists have exciting opportunities for interdisciplinary research and to work in contexts personally meaningful to them. While language is the concern of all people, professionals have special responsibilities to provide leadership in understanding how it works and responsible insights into the uses and abuses of language in society.Australian language specialists can offer the rest of the world experience with language policy, typological and language contact studies, and bilingual language acquisition. Some Australians have advanced linguistic knowledge through studies of indigenous languages. Many have worked with indigenous, ethnic and other communities and professional groups, providing evidence in court or advice to teachers and families. Some broadcast regularly or occasionally. But have we succeeded in contesting the monolingual mindset of the mainstream? The Australian authors represented in language sections of most general bookshops are not linguists.Far more collaboration and coordination of initiatives through the professional societies is needed to put languages back on the national agenda and make Australia more language-aware. This should lead to recognizing, valuing, fostering and transmitting, supporting and sharing our linguistic diversity. Australia’s rich language potential has only been partly realized.
How are we to understand the ‘intercultural dimension’?
Authors: Crichton Jonathan , Scarino Angela 
Published: July 2016

The internationalisation of education has become a major focus of international, national and institutional attention, reflected in a substantial and expanding literature on how internationalisation is manifested, how it might be promoted, its implications for areas such as government policy, strategic planning and management, educational quality, student mobility, teaching and learning, and the place of language and culture in teaching and learning. There is also general agreement in the literature on the need for internationalisation to include an ‘intercultural dimension’.In this paper, we examine how we are to understand the ‘intercultural dimension’ in higher education. Our approach is based on an analysis of current constructions of this dimension, to argue that these constructions are neither individually nor in combination capable of meeting the challenge of internationalisation. Drawing on recent studies undertaken at the University of South Australia, we propose culture as ‘intercultural’ as an alternative construction.
‘Like the fish not in water’
Authors: Butorac Donna 
Published: July 2016

Learning English is an important aspect of post-migration settlement in Australia, and new migrants with beginner to intermediate proficiency are strongly encouraged to attend government-subsidised English language classes. Underpinning the framing and delivery of these classes is a commitment to the discursive construction of Australia as an English-monolingual nation state, in which increased English proficiency will lead to new migrants gaining employment, thereby achieving an important benchmark of successful inclusion in Australian society. The assumption that English language acquisition leads to social and economic inclusion is not challenged within the settlement English program, and the language learner is seen as linguistically deficient in English, rather than as an emerging bi- or multilingual. Moreover, the ways that race, as well as gender, mediate both language learning and social inclusion are never problematised.
This paper is based on data from a longitudinal ethnography that examines subjectivity in three interactional domains – family, society and work – in order to explore how language, race and gender impact on the post-migration settlement trajectories and sense of social inclusion of women migrants to Australia.
Rapid merger of binary primordial black holes: An implication for GW150914
Authors: Hayasaki Kimitake , Takahashi Keitaro , Sendouda Yuuiti , Nagataki Shigehiro 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We propose a new scenario for the evolution of the binaries of primordial black holes (PBH). We consider dynamical friction by ambient dark matter, scattering of dark matter particles with a highly eccentric orbit besides the standard two-body relaxation process to refill the loss cone, and interaction between the binary and a circumbinary disk, assuming that PBHs do not constitute the bulk of dark matter. Binary PBHs lose the energy and angular momentum by these processes, which could be sufficiently efficient for a typical configuration. Such a binary coalesces due to the gravitational wave emission on a time scale much shorter than the age of the universe. We estimate the density parameter of the resultant gravitational wave background. Astrophysical implications concerning the formation of intermediate-mass to supermassive black holes is also discussed.