bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligence and Academic Achievement of Adolescents with Craniofacial Microsomia
Authors: Speltz Matthew L. , Wallace Erin R. , Collett Brent R. , Heike Carrie L. , Luquetti Daniela V. , Werler Martha M. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The authors compared the IQ and academic achievement of adolescents with craniofacial microsomia (cases) and unaffected children (controls). Among cases, the authors analyzed cognitive functioning by facial phenotype.

Methods:
The authors administered standardized tests of intelligence, reading, spelling, writing, and mathematics to 142 cases and 316 controls recruited from 26 cities across the United States and Canada. Phenotypic classification was based on integrated data from photographic images, health history, and medical chart reviews. Hearing screens were conducted for all participants.

Results:
After adjustment for demographics, cases’ average scores were lower than those of controls on all measures, but the magnitude of differences was small (standardized effect sizes, −0.01 to −0.3). There was little evidence that hearing status modified case-control group differences (Wald p > 0.05 for all measures). Twenty-five percent of controls and 38 percent of cases were classified as having learning problems (adjusted OR, 1.5; 95 percent CI, 0.9 to 2.4). Comparison of cases with and without learning problems indicated that those with learning problems were more likely to be male, Hispanic, and to come from lower income, bilingual families. Analyses by facial phenotype showed that case-control group differences were largest for cases with both microtia and mandibular hypoplasia (effect sizes, −0.02 to −0.6).

Conclusions:
The highest risk of cognitive-academic problems was observed in patients with combined microtia and mandibular hypoplasia. Developmental surveillance of this subgroup is recommended, especially in the context of high socioeconomic risk and bilingual families. Given the early stage of research on craniofacial microsomia and neurodevelopment, replication of these findings is needed.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons 2006 to 2016: Another Decade of Excellence in Education and Research
Authors: Doumit Gaby , Totonchi Ali , Wexler Andy , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: August 2017

Summary:
Over the past 10 years, the American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons (ASMS) has continued to advance to meet its mission of being the premier organization to represent maxillofacial and pediatric plastic surgery in the United States. These advances are focused on education of its members, to include the American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons basic course, the preconference symposium, the annual meeting, two basic maxillofacial courses per year, advanced maxillofacial courses, a boot camp for craniofacial fellows, a cleft course, quarterly webinars, sponsored fellowships, a visiting professorship, and the ASMS journal. In addition, the ASMS has continued to advance as the premier national organization representing maxillofacial and pediatric plastic surgery in the United States, thereby positioning the organization as a primary advocate for these surgical specialties. Outreach of the ASMS has grown over the past decade and now includes representatives to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons/Plastic Surgery Foundation, the American Board of Plastic Surgeons, the American Medical Association, and most recently a seat as a governor with the American College of Surgeons. The ASMS has also initiated an annual Summer Leadership Seminar to explore topics of relevance in a changing health care environment. The present report outlines the major initiatives of the ASMS over the past 10 years.
Implications of Facial Asymmetry in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Rohrich Rod J. , Villanueva Nathaniel L. , Small Kevin H. , Pezeshk Ronnie A. 
Published: August 2017

Summary:
Many rhinoplasty patients present with a chief complaint of nasal deviation and are unaware of any inherent facial asymmetries; however, recognizing and discussing the interrelation between the deviated nose and facial asymmetry is an important consideration in surgical planning. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a surgeon’s subjective assessment of facial analysis in the setting of nasal deviation correlates with objective anthropometric measurements. In addition, this study sought to further quantify the frequency of facial asymmetry associated with nasal deviation to highlight important anatomical trends for the rhinoplasty surgeon. Finally, this study presents the senior author’s (R.J.R.) method of addressing a deviated nose on an asymmetric face. In this study, the authors demonstrated that nasal deviation is closely related to facial asymmetry. Furthermore, the authors demonstrated that objective facial analysis closely correlates to anthropometric facial measurements. In addition, the wide side of the face correlates to the short side of the face and the nose tends to deviate away from the wide side of the face. During surgical correction of the deviated nose in the setting of facial asymmetry, the surgeon’s goal should be to obtain nasal symmetry and center the nose on a line between the mid glabella and the mid Cupid’s bow. This may reduce the perception of a facial asymmetry, leading to increased patient satisfaction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, IV.
Surgical Indications and Outcomes of Mastectomy in Transmen: A Prospective Study of Technical and Self-Reported Measures
Authors: van de Grift Tim C. , Elfering Lian , Bouman Mark-Bram , Buncamper Marlon E. , Mullender Margriet G. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Although transgender surgery constitutes a growing field within plastic surgery, prospective studies on masculinizing mastectomies are lacking. The objectives of the present study were to prospectively follow a cohort of transmen undergoing mastectomy to assess technical and self-reported outcomes and to evaluate surgical decision-making.

Methods:
Fifty-four transmen were recruited during a 10-month period at the Department of Plastic Surgery of the Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria. Preoperative assessment included standardized chest examination. Six months postoperatively, participants rated their satisfaction with surgery, and 12-month postoperative surgical outcomes were reviewed independently. Surgical decision-making was evaluated by comparing indications and outcomes per technique, and assessing the clinical validity of the most-used decision aid (using the Cohen's kappa statistic).

Results:
One periareolar mastectomy, 26 concentric circular mastectomies, and 22 inframammary skin resections with free nipple graft were performed in the authors’ cohort. Five participants were still to be operated on. Concentric circular mastectomy was performed in smaller or medium-size breasts with low ptosis grade and good elasticity, whereas the inframammary skin resection group showed a wider range of physical characteristics. Despite being performed in better quality breasts, concentric circular mastectomy was associated with more secondary corrections (38.5 percent), dehiscence, seroma, and lower postoperative satisfaction compared with inframammary skin resections. Clinical decision-making was generally in line with the published decision aid.

Conclusions:
Compared with inframammary skin resections, concentric circular mastectomy—despite being performed in favorable breast types—appears to produce poorer technical and self-reported outcomes. Surgical indications and preoperative counseling regarding secondary corrections may therefore be subject to improvement.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Transabdominal Breast Augmentation: A Review of 114 Cases Performed over 14 Years
Authors: Bhatt Reena A. , Iyengar Rajiv J. , Karacaoglu Ercan , Zienowicz Richard J. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Abdominoplasty patients are frequently candidates for breast rejuvenation as well. Transabdominal breast augmentation permits insertion of breast implants through the abdominoplasty incision. This combined procedure is preferentially performed in an outpatient setting under monitored anesthesia care and nerve blocks.

Methods:
This study was a 14-year retrospective review of a single surgeon’s technique and outcomes using transabdominal breast augmentation through a low transverse abdominoplasty incision in select patients requesting simultaneous abdominoplasty and bilateral breast augmentation. Patients had minimal ptosis, smoking cessation a minimum of 4 weeks before surgery and indefinitely thereafter, and a lack of superior abdominal or significant breast surgery.

Results:
The study’s 114 patients had a mean follow-up of 19.2 months. The procedure was performed under monitored anesthesia care with intercostal nerve blocks for most patients [n = 107 (93.9 percent)] and general anesthesia [n = 7 (6.1 percent)] for a few. Seventy-nine patients [n = 74 (64.9 percent)] underwent additional procedures, with most (n = 48) undergoing suction-assisted lipectomy. Many patients underwent multiple procedures. Most complications occurred predictably along the central distal abdominoplasty flap and were minor (small wound breakdown, seroma, and mild skin infection). Major complications [n = 8 (7.0 percent)] included two patients with implant malposition requiring revision and one patient with a Baker grade III capsule; notably, this patient was a half-pack-per-day smoker with a body mass index of 27 kg/m2.

Conclusions:
Transabdominal breast augmentation is a safe, reliable procedure in the appropriately selected, healthy patient and may be used in minimally to moderately ptotic patients who request concurrent breast augmentation and abdominoplasty. Morbidity compares favorably to reported abdominoplasty series in the appropriately selected patient.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Prophylactic Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy and Direct-to-Implant Reconstruction of the Large and Ptotic Breast: Is Preshaping of the Challenging Breast a Key to Success?
Authors: Gunnarsson Gudjon L. , Bille Camilla , Reitsma Laurens C. , Wamberg Peter , Thomsen Jørn Bo 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Nipple-sparing mastectomy with simultaneous hammock technique direct-to-implant reconstruction is increasingly offered to patients opting for risk-reducing mastectomy. Despite this promising method, patients with macromastia and ptotic breasts remain a challenging group to treat satisfactorily and more often end up undergoing a difficult corrective procedure and experience an unacceptably high rate of failed reconstruction. The authors examined whether targeted preshaping mastopexy/reduction could prepare these patients for a successful nipple-sparing mastectomy/direct-to-implant reconstruction.

Methods:
Patients seeking risk-reducing nipple-sparing mastectomy/direct-to-implant reconstruction at the authors’ institutions deemed unfit for a one-stage procedure based on their previous experience were offered a targeted two-stage, risk-reducing mastopexy/reduction followed by a delayed secondary nipple-sparing mastectomy and direct-to-implant reconstruction. Patients were followed up at 3 weeks and 6 or 12 months.

Results:
Forty-four reconstructions were performed in 22 patients aged 43 years (range, 26 to 57 years). All 44 procedures were completed successfully without any failure or nipple-areola complex losses. Patients’ median body mass index was 30 kg/m2 (range, 22 to 44 kg/m2). Six patients were smokers and one had hypertension. Two patients underwent reoperation because of hematoma and fat necrosis.

Conclusions:
The authors’ results demonstrate that a targeted preshaping mastopexy/reduction followed by nipple-sparing mastectomy/direct-to-implant reconstruction can be safely planned in women who opt for a risk-reducing mastectomy and can be performed successfully with a 3- to 4-month time span between operations. On the basis of these results and the superior cosmetic outcome, the two-stage approach has become the authors' standard of care in all such settings.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Adipose Tissue–Preserved Skin Graft: Applicability and Long-Term Results
Authors: Chung Bryan , O’Mahony Gavin D. , Lam Gretl , Chiu David T. W. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Composite grafts consisting of adipose tissue and skin have been reported in the literature but have been restricted to areas smaller than 4 to 5 cm2. The senior author (D.T.W.C.) has developed a technique of adipose tissue–preserved full-thickness skin grafts for larger areas with success similar to that achieved with conventional full-thickness skin grafts.

Methods:
All cases of the senior author involving a full-thickness skin graft were identified and reviewed to identify cases in which adipose tissue–preserved full-thickness skin grafts were used. Indication for skin grafting, anatomical location of recipient and donor sites, size of graft, total number of grafts received by each patient, and percentage take were extracted from patient charts. Graft take was measured between days 5 and 14.

Results:
A total of 72 adipose tissue–preserved skin grafts on 47 patients were identified from 1994 to 2009, with a median follow-up of 8 years. The size of defect ranged from 0.7 to 210 cm2, with a median area of 6 cm2 (interquartile range, 2.5 to 15 cm2). Only six of 72 grafts were found to have less than 100 percent take. The lowest take percentage was 85 percent in a graft with an area of 2.6 cm2. There were no graft failures.

Conclusions:
This study confirms the proof-of-concept that both larger and distant donor- site adipose tissue–preserved skin grafts are a viable alternative to conventional defatted full-thickness skin grafting. It appears that there is a low complication rate with respect to graft failure or incomplete graft take.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Activation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity by Dichloroacetate Improves Survival and Neurologic Outcomes After Cardiac Arrest in Rats
Authors: Wang Peng , Chen Mingdi , Yang Zhengfei , Yu Tao , Zhu Jie , Zhou Lili , Lin Jiali , Fang Xiangshao , Huang Zitong , Jiang Longyuan , Tang Wanchun 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
No pharmacological interventions are currently available to provide neuroprotection for patients suffering from cardiac arrest. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, which activates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and increases cell adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by promoting influx of pyruvate into the Krebs cycle. In this study, we investigated the effects of DCA on post-resuscitation neurological injury in an asphyxial cardiac arrest rat model. Asphyxial cardiac arrest was established by endotracheal tube clamping. A total of 111 rats were randomized into three groups: Sham group, Control group, and DCA intervention group. Animals in DCA intervention group were intraperitoneally administered DCA with a loading dose of 80 mg/kg at 15 min after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), whereas rats in the Control group received equivalent volume of saline. DCA treatment increased 3-day survival time, and reduced neurologic deficit scores at 24, 48, and 72 h after ROSC. It also attenuated cellular apoptosis and neuronal damage in the hippocampal cornuammonis one region by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. In addition, DCA reduced the messenger RNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in brain hippocampus and cortex after ROSC. Furthermore, DCA treatment significantly increased ATP production, PDH activity, and decreased blood glucose, lactate, and brain pyruvate levels after ROSC. Our results suggested that DCA has neuroprotective effects on brain injury after cardiac arrest, and its salutary effects were associated with an increase of mitochondrial energy metabolism in the brain through activation of PDH activity.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor-Induced Autophagy Contributes to Thrombin-Triggered Endothelial Hyperpermeability in Sepsis
Authors: Chao Chiao-Hsuan , Chen Hong-Ru , Chuang Yung-Chun , Yeh Trai-Ming 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Vascular leakage contributes to the high morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis. Exposure of the endothelium to inflammatory mediators, such as thrombin and cytokines, during sepsis leads to hyperpermeability. We recently observed that autophagy, a cellular process for protein turnover, is involved in macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. Even though it is known that thrombin induces endothelial cells to secrete MIF and to increase vascular permeability, the possible role of autophagy in this process is unknown. In this study, we proposed and tested the hypothesis that MIF-induced autophagy plays an important role in thrombin-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. We evaluated the effects of thrombin on endothelial permeability, autophagy induction, and MIF secretion in vitro using the human microvascular endothelial cell line-1 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Several mechanisms/read outs of endothelial permeability and autophagy formation were examined. We observed that blocking autophagy attenuated thrombin-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. Furthermore, thrombin-induced MIF secretion was involved in this process because MIF inhibition reduced thrombin-induced autophagy and hyperpermeability. Finally, we showed that blocking MIF or autophagy effectively alleviated vascular leakage and mortality in endotoxemic mice. Thus, MIF-induced autophagy may represent a common mechanism causing vascular leakage in sepsis.
Epidemic Potential for Human Infection with Influenza A (H7N9) Virus in China through Web Search Behaviors: A Data-Driven Study
Authors: Teng Yue , Bi Dehua , Guo Xiaocan , Feng Dan , Tong Yigang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince the beginning of September 2016, a steep upsurge of the human cases of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus has been reported in China, which are alarming public concern for the pandemic potential of the H7N9 virus. In this study, we collected the data from H7N9 epidemics and H7N9-related Baidu Search Index (BSI) in China between September 2013 and June 2017. And we observed a strong correlation between the numbers of Influenza A (H7N9) cases and H7N9-related BSI in Guangdong province and Shanghai municipality (p<0.001). Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were constructed for the dynamic estimation of seasonal H7N9 outbreaks in 2016-2017 and the online search data acted as an external regressor with the historical H7N9 epidemic data in the forecasting model to improve the quality of predictions. Predictions by the models closely matched the actual numbers of reported cases during current H7N9 epidemic season. Especially, the estimated numbers of reported cases sharply increased to reach 49.88 (95% CI: 0-194.05) in Guangdong and 9.05 (95% CI: 0-37.43) in Shanghai from December 2016 to June 2017. Moreover, this accessible and flexible dynamic forecast model could be used in the monitoring of H7N9 virus to provide advanced warning of future emerging infection diseases.Author summaryAs the availability and popularity of the internet has greatly increased in recent years, an increasing number of cyber users, including patients and their family members, search online for health information on personal computers (PCs) and mobile phones (MPs) before seeking medical attention, making it possible to investigate the influenza prevalence by monitoring changes in frequencies of uses of particular search terms. In this study, we collected the data from H7N9 epidemics and H7N9-related Baidu Search Index (BSI) in China between September 2013 and June 2017. And then, we showed a strong correlation between the numbers of Influenza A (H7N9) cases and H7N9-related BSI in Guangdong province and Shanghai municipality (p<0.001). Furthermore, we reconstructed an improved dynamic forecasting method for outbreaks of H7N9 influenza using Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to predict future patterns of H7N9 transmission and the online search data acted as an external regressor with the historical H7N9 epidemic data in the forecasting model to improve the quality of predictions. Our results suggest that data from the Baidu search engine, combed with data from a traditional disease surveillance system, may be considered for early detection of H7N9 influenza outbreaks in mainland China.
Ttc21bis required in Bergmann glia for proper granule cell radial migration
Authors: Driver Ashley M. , Shumrick Christopher , Stottmann Rolf W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProper cerebellar development is dependent on tightly regulated proliferation, migration, and differentiation events. Disruptions in any of these leads to a range of cerebellar phenotypes from ataxia to childhood tumors. Animal models have shown proper regulation ofsonic hedgehog(Shh) signaling is crucial for normal cerebellar architecture and increased signaling leads to cerebellar tumor formation. Primary cilia are known to be required for the proper regulation of multiple developmental signaling pathways, includingShh.Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 21B(Ttc21b) is required for proper primary cilia form and function and is primarily thought to restrictShhsignaling. Here we investigated a role forTtc21bin cerebellar development. Surprisingly,Ttc21bablation in Bergmann glia resulted in accumulation of ectopic granule cells in the lower/ posterior lobes of the cerebellum and a reduction in Shh signaling.Ttc21bablation in just Purkinje cells resulted in a similar, phenotype seen in fewer cells, but across the entire extent of the cerebellum. These results suggest thatTtc21bexpression is required for Bergmann glia structure and signaling in the developing cerebellum, and in some contexts, augments, rather than attenuates,Shhsignaling.
Edge Detection of Cryptic Lamellipodia Assisted by Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Chuangqi , Kang Shawn , Kim Eunice , Zhang Xitong , Choi Hee June , Choi Aaron , Lee Kwonmoo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCell protrusion plays important roles in cell migration by pushing plasma membrane forward. Cryptic lamellipodia induce the protrusion of submarginal cells in collective cell migration where cells are attached and move together. Although computational image analysis of cell protrusion has been done extensively, the study on protrusion activities of cryptic lamellipodia is limited due to difficulties in image segmentation. This study seeks to aid in the computational analysis of submarginal cell protrusion in collective cell migration by using deep learning to detect the cryptic lamellipodial edges from fluorescence time-lapse movies. Due to the noisy features within overlapping cells, the conventional image analysis algorithms such as Canny edge detector and intensity thresholding are limited. In this paper we combined Canny edge detector, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), and local intensity thresholding. We were able to detect cryptic lamellipodial edges of submarginal cells with high accuracy from the fluorescence time-lapse movies of PtK1 cells using both simple convolutional neural networks and VGG-16 based neural networks. We used relatively small effort to prepare the training set to train the DNNs to detect the cryptical lamellipodial edges in fluorescence time-lapse movies. This work demonstrates that deep learning can be combined with the conventional image analysis algorithms to facilitate the computational analysis of highly complex time-lapse movies of collective cell migration.