bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YEATS2 links histone acetylation to tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mi Wenyi , Guan Haipeng , Lyu Jie , Zhao Dan , Xi Yuanxin , Jiang Shiming , Andrews Forest H. , Wang Xiaolu , Gagea Mihai , Wen Hong , Tora Laszlo , Dent Sharon Y. R. , Kutateladze Tatiana G. , Li Wei , Li Haitao , Shi Xiaobing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecognition of modified histones by “reader” proteins constitutes a key mechanism regulating diverse chromatin-associated processes important for normal and neoplastic development. We recently identified the YEATS domain as a novel acetyllysine-binding module; however, the functional importance of YEATS domain-containing proteins in human cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the YEATS2 gene is highly amplified in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is required for cancer cell growth and survival. YEATS2 binds to acetylated histone H3 via its YEATS domain. The YEATS2-containing ATAC complex co-localizes with H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) on the promoters of actively transcribed genes. Depletion of YEATS2 or disruption of the interaction between its YEATS domain and acetylated histones reduces the ATAC complex-dependent promoter H3K9ac levels and deactivates the expression of essential genes. Taken together, our study identifies YEATS2 as a histone H3K27ac reader that regulates a transcriptional program essential for NSCLC tumorigenesis.
Accessing the bottleneck in all-solid state batteries, lithium-ion transport over the solid-electrolyte-electrode interface
Authors: Yu Chuang , Ganapathy Swapna , Eck Ernst R. H. van , Wang Heng , Basak Shibabrata , Li Zhaolong , Wagemaker Marnix 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSolid-state batteries potentially offer increased lithium-ion battery energy density and safety as required for large-scale production of electrical vehicles. One of the key challenges toward high-performance solid-state batteries is the large impedance posed by the electrode–electrolyte interface. However, direct assessment of the lithium-ion transport across realistic electrode–electrolyte interfaces is tedious. Here we report two-dimensional lithium-ion exchange NMR accessing the spontaneous lithium-ion transport, providing insight on the influence of electrode preparation and battery cycling on the lithium-ion transport over the interface between an argyrodite solid-electrolyte and a sulfide electrode. Interfacial conductivity is shown to depend strongly on the preparation method and demonstrated to drop dramatically after a few electrochemical (dis)charge cycles due to both losses in interfacial contact and increased diffusional barriers. The reported exchange NMR facilitates non-invasive and selective measurement of lithium-ion interfacial transport, providing insight that can guide the electrolyte–electrode interface design for future all-solid-state batteries.
Single-shot measurement of the orbital-angular-momentum spectrum of light
Authors: Kulkarni Girish , Sahu Rishabh , Magaña-Loaiza Omar S. , Boyd Robert W. , Jha Anand K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe existing methods for measuring the orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) spectrum suffer from issues such as poor efficiency, strict interferometric stability requirements, and too much loss. Furthermore, most techniques inevitably discard part of the field and measure only a post-selected portion of the true spectrum. Here, we propose and demonstrate an interferometric technique for measuring the true OAM spectrum of optical fields in a single-shot manner. Our technique directly encodes the OAM-spectrum information in the azimuthal intensity profile of the output interferogram. In the absence of noise, the spectrum can be fully decoded using a single acquisition of the output interferogram, and, in the presence of noise, acquisition of two suitable interferograms is sufficient for the purpose. As an important application of our technique, we demonstrate measurements of the angular Schmidt spectrum of the entangled photons produced by parametric down-conversion and report a broad spectrum with the angular Schmidt number 82.1.
Reconstitution of human shelterin complexes reveals unexpected stoichiometry and dual pathways to enhance telomerase processivity
Authors: Lim Ci Ji , Zaug Arthur J. , Kim Hee Jin , Cech Thomas R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe human shelterin proteins associate with telomeric DNA to confer telomere protection and length regulation. They are thought to form higher-order protein complexes for their functions, but studies of shelterin proteins have been mostly limited to pairs of proteins. Here we co-express various human shelterin proteins and find that they form defined multi-subunit complexes. A complex harboring both TRF2 and POT1 has the strongest binding affinity to telomeric DNA substrates comprised of double-stranded DNA with a 3′ single-stranded extension. TRF2 interacts with TIN2 with an unexpected 2:1 stoichiometry in the context of shelterin (RAP12:TRF22:TIN21:TPP11:POT11). Tethering of TPP1 to the telomere either via TRF2–TIN2 or via POT1 gives equivalent enhancement of telomerase processivity. We also identify a peptide region from TPP1 that is both critical and sufficient for TIN2 interaction. Our findings reveal new information about the architecture of human shelterin and how it performs its functions at telomeres.
Water conservation benefits of urban heat mitigation
Authors: Vahmani Pouya , Jones Andrew D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMany cities globally are seeking strategies to counter the consequences of both a hotter and drier climate. While urban heat mitigation strategies have been shown to have beneficial effects on health, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions, their implications for water conservation have not been widely examined. Here we use a suite of satellite-supported regional climate simulations in California to show that broad implementation of cool roofs, a heat mitigation strategy, not only results in significant cooling, but can also meaningfully decrease outdoor water consumption by reducing evaporative and irrigation water demands. Irrigation water consumption across the major metropolitan areas is reduced by up to 9% and irrigation water savings per capita range from 1.8 to 15.4 gallons per day across 18 counties examined. Total water savings are found to be the highest in Los Angeles county, reaching about 83 million gallons per day. Cool roofs are a valuable solution for addressing the adaptation and mitigation challenges faced by multiple sectors in California.
High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Single Skeletal Muscle Fibers is Fiber Type Selective
Authors: Pataky Mark W. , Wang Haiyan , Yu Carmen S. , Arias Edward B. , Ploutz-Snyder Robert J. , Zheng Xiaohua , Cartee Gregory D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSkeletal muscle is the major site for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and muscle insulin resistance confers many negative health outcomes. Muscle is composed of multiple fiber types, and conventional analysis of whole muscles cannot elucidate fiber type differences at the cellular level. Previous research demonstrated that a brief (two weeks) high fat diet (HFD) caused insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle. The primary aim of this study was to determine in rat skeletal muscle the influence of a brief (two weeks) HFD on glucose uptake (GU) ± insulin in single fibers that were also characterized for fiber type. Epitrochlearis muscles were incubated with [3H]-2-deoxyglucose (2DG) ± 100 µU/ml insulin. Fiber type (myosin heavy chain expression) and 2DG accumulation were measured in whole muscles and single fibers. Although fiber type composition of whole muscles did not differ between diet groups, GU of insulin-stimulated whole muscles from LFD rats significantly exceeded HFD values (P < 0.005). For HFD versus LFD rats, GU of insulin-stimulated single fibers was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for IIA, IIAX, IIBX, IIB, and approached significance for IIX (P = 0.100), but not type I (P = 0.776) fibers. These results revealed HFD-induced insulin resistance was attributable to fiber type selective insulin resistance and independent of altered fiber type composition.
Semi-Empirical Estimation of Dean Flow Velocity in Curved Microchannels
Authors: Bayat Pouriya , Rezai Pouya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCurved and spiral microfluidic channels are widely used in particle and cell sorting applications. However, the average Dean velocity of secondary vortices which is an important design parameter in these devices cannot be estimated precisely with the current knowledge in the field. In this paper, we used co-flows of dyed liquids in curved microchannels with different radii of curvatures and monitored the lateral displacement of fluids using optical microscopy. A quantitative Switching Index parameter was then introduced to calculate the average Dean velocity in these channels. Additionally, we developed a validated numerical model to expand our investigations to elucidating the effects of channel hydraulic diameter, width, and height as well as fluid kinematic viscosity on Dean velocity. Accordingly, a non-dimensional comprehensive correlation was developed based on our numerical model and validated against experimental results. The proposed correlation can be used extensively for the design of curved microchannels for manipulation of fluids, particles, and biological substances in spiral microfluidic devices.
Gpbar1 agonism promotes a Pgc-1α-dependent browning of white adipose tissue and energy expenditure and reverses diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: Carino Adriana , Cipriani Sabrina , Marchianò Silvia , Biagioli Michele , Scarpelli Paolo , Zampella Angela , Monti Maria Chiara , Fiorucci Stefano 
Published: October 2017

Abstract Gpbar1 is a bile acid activated receptor for secondary bile acids. Here we have investigated the mechanistic role of Gpbar1 in the regulation of adipose tissues functionality in a murine model of steatohepatitis (NASH). Feeding wild type and Gpbar1−/− mice with a high fat diet-fructose (HFD-F) lead to development of NASH-like features. Treating HFD-F mice with 6β-ethyl-3a,7b-dihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-ol (BAR501), a selective Gpbar1-ligand, reversed insulin resistance and histologic features of NASH, increased the weight of epWAT and BAT functionality and promoted energy expenditure and the browning of epWAT as assessed by measuring expression of Ucp1 and Pgc-1α. The beneficial effects of BAR501 were lost in Gpbar1−/− mice. In vitro, BAR501 promoted the browning of 3T3-L1 cells a pre-adipocyte cell line and recruitment of CREB to the promoter of Pgc-1α. In conclusion, Gpbar1 agonism ameliorates liver histology in a rodent model of NASH and promotes the browning of white adipose tissue.
Prognostic values of red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio for severe burn injury
Authors: Qiu Le , Chen Chen , Li Shi-Ji , Wang Chao , Guo Feng , Peszel April , Liu Sheng , Wang Fei , Sun Ye-Xiang , Wang Yong-Jie , Chen Xu-Lin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRed blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count (PLT), and a RDW-to-PLT ratio (RPR) have been associated with inflammatory activity and adverse outcomes in many diseases. This study has aimed to investigate the association between these indicators and the mortality rate of severe burn patients. From 2008 to 2014, 610 cases of severe burn patients from two burn centers in eastern China were enrolled in this study. Eighty-eight patients died within 90 days after admission. The RDW, PLT, and RPR were studied through Cox regression analysis on the 3rd and 7th day. The RDW, PLT, and RPR values on the 3rd and 7th day were significantly associated with the outcomes of severe burn patients (P < 0.01). High RPR was significantly associated with a 90-day mortality rate at the two time points. However, the RDW and PLT did not provide independent predictive values. Our results indicated that the RPR values on the 3rd and 7th day were associated with the mortality rates of severe burn patients (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the RDW and PLT values at these time points failed to provide independent values for burn mortality prediction. Thus, the RPR can serve as an independent and novel marker for mortality rates prediction in severe burn patients.
A novel scoring system to analyze combined effect of lifestyle factors on pancreatic cancer risk: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Pang Tianshu , Ding Guoping , Wu Zhengrong , Jiang Guixing , Yang Yifei , Zhang Xiaofei , Cao Liping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough several risk factors for the onset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been identified, currently, no scoring system to systemically evaluate the risk of PDAC has been established. In this study, we aimed to use a population of over 1200 patients to build a novel scoring system, and evaluated combined effects of risk factors for PDAC patients.A set of 4904 participants including 1274 PDAC patients and 3630 non-cancer individuals were recruited for the single-center study over 17-year period (1997~2013). Systematic logical analysis were presented for case and control groups, and a risk rating system was constructed to assess combined risk factors. Seven independent risk factors were identified with the increased risk of PDAC, were selected into the risk score. A merged risk assessment model was established, demonstrating significantly increased PDAC risk in following a number of rising scores. Individuals with scores from 1 to more than 4, the responding OR (95% CI) were 3.06 (2.57~3.65), 7.08 (5.63~8.91), 22.4 (14.2~35.4), and 31.4 (12.7~77.5), respectively. The integer-based risk score in the study can be used for risk stratification to accurately evaluate PDAC occurrence at an early stage. This scoring system provides an accurate risk assessment of PDAC risk.
Multitwist Möbius Strips and Twisted Ribbons in the Polarization of Paraxial Light Beams
Authors: Galvez Enrique J. , Dutta Ishir , Beach Kory , Zeosky Jon J. , Jones Joshua A. , Khajavi Behzad 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe polarization of light can exhibit unusual features when singular optical beams are involved. In 3-dimensional polarized random media the polarization orientation around singularities describe 1/2 or 3/2 Möbius strips. It has been predicted that if singular beams intersect non-collinearly in free space, the polarization ellipse rotates forming many-turn Möbius strips or twisted ribbons along closed loops around a central singularity. These polarization features are important because polarization is an aspect of light that mediate strong interactions with matter, with potential for new applications. We examined the non-collinear superposition of two unfocused paraxial light beams when one of them carried an optical vortex and the other one a uniform phase front, both in orthogonal states of circular polarization. It is known that these superpositions in 2-dimensions produce space-variant patterns of polarization. Relying on the symmetry of the problem, we extracted the 3-dimensional patterns from projective measurements, and confirmed the formation of many-turn Möbius strips or twisted ribbons when the topological charge of one of the component beams was odd or even, respectively. The measurements agree well with the modelings and confirmed that these types of patterns occur at macroscopic length scales and in ordinary superposition situations.
R/G editing in GluA2Rflop modulates the functional difference between GluA1 flip and flop variants in GluA1/2R heteromeric channels
Authors: Wen Wei , Lin Chi-Yen , Niu Li 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors, RNA editing and alternative splicing generate sequence variants, and those variants, as in GluA2-4 AMPA receptor subunits, generally show different properties. Yet, earlier studies have shown that the alternatively spliced, flip and flop variants of GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit exhibit no functional difference in homomeric channel form. Using a laser-pulse photolysis technique, combined with whole-cell recording, we measured the rate of channel opening, among other kinetic properties, for a series of AMPA channels with different arginine/glycine (R/G) editing and flip/flop status. We find that R/G editing in the GluA2 subunit modulates the channel properties in both homomeric (GluA2Q) and complex (GluA2Q/2R and GluA1/2R) channel forms. However, R/G editing is only effective in flop channels. Specifically, editing at the R/G site on the GluA2R flop isoform accelerates the rate of channel opening and desensitization for GluA1/2R channels more pronouncedly with the GluA1 being in the flop form than in the flip form; yet R/G editing has no effect on either channel-closing rate or EC50. Our results suggest R/G editing via GluA2R serve as a regulatory mechanism to modulate the function of GluA2R-containing, native receptors involved in fast excitatory synaptic transmission.
Exhaustive search for epistatic effects on the human methylome
Authors: Egli Tobias , Vukojevic Vanja , Sengstag Thierry , Jacquot Martin , Cabezón Rubén , Coynel David , Freytag Virginie , Heck Angela , Vogler Christian , de Quervain Dominique J.-F. , Papassotiropoulos Andreas , Milnik Annette 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStudies assessing the existence and magnitude of epistatic effects on complex human traits provide inconclusive results. The study of such effects is complicated by considerable increase in computational burden, model complexity, and model uncertainty, which in concert decrease model stability. An additional source introducing significant uncertainty with regard to the detection of robust epistasis is the biological distance between the genetic variation and the trait under study. Here we studied CpG methylation, a genetically complex molecular trait that is particularly close to genomic variation, and performed an exhaustive search for two-locus epistatic effects on the CpG-methylation signal in two cohorts of healthy young subjects. We detected robust epistatic effects for a small number of CpGs (N = 404). Our results indicate that epistatic effects explain only a minor part of variation in DNA-CpG methylation. Interestingly, these CpGs were more likely to be associated with gene-expression of nearby genes, as also shown by their overrepresentation in DNase I hypersensitivity sites and underrepresentation in CpG islands. Finally, gene ontology analysis showed a significant enrichment of these CpGs in pathways related to HPV-infection and cancer.
Manipulation of photoassociation of ultracold Cs atoms with tunable scattering length by external magnetic fields
Authors: Feng Guosheng , Li Yuqing , Wang Xiaofeng , Wu Jizhou , Sovkov Vladimir B. , Ma Jie , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate that for ultracold, optically trapped Cs atoms the photoassociation (PA) can be manipulated by using external uniform magnetic fields due to the alteration of the scattering wavefunction in the region of the free–bound optical transition. We present PA–induced atom loss measurements with the same intensity for PA laser but different external magnetic fields, and analyze main contributions of the PA to the variation of the number of atoms in the trap. The PA rate exhibits a strong dependence on the changing uniform magnetic field. The experimental data are simulated within the model of a single–channel one–well rectangular potential, whose depth is adjusted so as to assure the predicted variation of the scattering length with the magnetic field. The computational and experimental results are in a reasonable agreement to each other. The same model is used to illustrate some general properties of the two–body quantum system in the near–threshold state.
Mid-troposphere transport of Middle-East dust over the Arabian Sea and its effect on rainwater composition and sensitive ecosystems over India
Authors: Ramaswamy V. , Muraleedharan P. M. , Babu C. Prakash 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe importance of mineral dust and aerosols in the transfer of bio-essential elements to terrestrial and marine ecosystems far removed from the source region is well known. Aerosol concentrations measured at the surface over the west coast of India during the SW monsoon period (June to September) are usually very low as pristine maritime air from the Southern Indian Ocean blows over this region. However, we find very high levels of mineral dust and dust derived nutrients in rainwater collected during the SW monsoon period. We show that the dry, warm and dusty Red Sea Wind and Shamal Wind from the Middle-East override the moist oceanic Low-Level Jet (Findlater Jet) of the SW monsoon and transport large quantities of dust at heights between 2 km and 5 km over the Indian Peninsula. A substantial portion is the desert dust is scavenged and wet-deposited over the Western Ghats of India where it neutralizes the acidity of rainwater and provides substantial amounts of nutrients that have the potential to impact sensitive ecosystems in this region. After the Red Sea and Shamal Winds subside in September, the alkaline rainwater reverts to the acidic range due to soluble ions derived from local carbonaceous aerosols.
Glioblastoma cancer stem cell lines express functional acid sensing ion channels ASIC1a and ASIC3
Authors: Tian Yuemin , Bresenitz Pia , Reska Anna , El Moussaoui Laila , Beier Christoph Patrick , Gründer Stefan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcidic microenvironment is commonly observed in tumour tissues, including glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal brain tumour in adults. Acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) are neuronal voltage-insensitive sodium channels, which are sensors of extracellular protons. Here we studied and functionally characterized ASICs in two primary glioblastoma stem cell lines as cell culture models. We detected transcripts of the ACCN2 and ACCN3 genes, coding for ASIC1 and ASIC3, respectively, but not transcripts of ACCN1 (coding for ASIC2). Available microarray data confirmed that ACCN1 is downregulated in glioma. Western blotting confirmed expression of ASIC1 and ASIC3, the most proton-sensitive ASICs, in both GBM cell lines. We characterized ASICs functionally using whole-cell patch clamp and detected different types of acid-sensitive currents. Some of these currents had kinetics typical for ASICs and were sensitive to specific toxin inhibitors of ASIC1a or ASIC3, demonstrating that the GBM cell lines express functional ASIC1a and ASIC3 that may enable GBM cells to sensitively detect extracellular pH in a tumour tissue. Microarray data revealed that expression of ACCN2 and ACCN3 is associated with improved survival of patients suffering from gliomas, suggesting that preserved susceptibility to extracellular pH may impair tumour growth.