bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staining Beverages and Cigarette Smoke on Composite Resin and Human Tooth Fluorescence by Direct Spectrometry
Authors: de Paiva Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo , da Silva Tânia Mara , da Silva Natália Yamachita , Gonçalves Lucélia Lemes , Alves Leandro Procópio , Fernandes Adjaci Uchoa 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study evaluated the fluorescence intensity (FI) of different brands of composite resins (CRs) and compare those values with the FI of human tooth, under the action of cigarette smoke (CI), coffee (CA), and soft drink (CO), measured by direct spectrometry.Materials and methodsA total of 30 specimens of each brand (Filtek Z350, Esthet-X, Amelogen, Durafill) were made. Others 30 tooth specimens (3 mm/diameter) were obtained from human molars using a trephine bur. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10), according to substances: CI, CA, CO. The FI was directly measured using an optic fiber associated with a spectrometer and was measured at baseline and after staining. Data were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis, Dunnett, and Dunn tests.ResultsStaining influenced FI mean values among CRs and between those with human tooth. Z showed the closest FI mean values of tooth after staining.ConclusionStaining beverages and cigarette smoke negatively influenced on FI of CR and human tooth.Clinical significanceThe study shows darkening treatments influenced on the fluorescent property of the dental tissues and restorative materials according to the direct spectrometry analysis.How to cite this articleda Silva TM, da Silva NY, Gonçalves LL, Alves LP, Fernandes AU, Gonçalves SEP. Staining Beverages and Cigarette Smoke on Composite Resin and Human Tooth Fluorescence by Direct Spectrometry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):352-357.
Apical Periodontitis and Endodontic Treatment in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Comparative Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Alsomadi Leena 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Aims
The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients compared with nondiabetic patients and to examine the effect of glycemic control on the prevalence of AP.

Materials and methods
Radiographs of a group of DM patients were compared with those of a matched nondiabetic group to identify AP. The diabetic group was subdivided according to the level of glycemic control into two subgroups: A well-controlled DM and a poorly controlled DM. The periapical index score was used to assess the periapical status. All groups were compared in regard to the presence of AP lesions, the number of endodontically treated teeth (ET), and the percentage of failure of endodontically treated teeth (AP/ET ratio). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0, Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used for all the analyses; p ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results
The prevalence of AP was higher in diabetic group than in the nondiabetic group (13.5 vs 11.9% respectively). Diabetic group had more teeth with endodontic treatment ET compared with nondiabetic group (4.18 vs 1.82% respectively); this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001) along with higher AP/ET ratio (27.7 vs 19.3 respectively). The poorly controlled DM group had a higher prevalence of AP lesions compared with the well-controlled DM group (18.29 vs 9.21 respectively). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001); they also had a higher percentage of ET (5.55 vs 3.13% respectively) and AP/ ET ratio (32.0 vs 21.8% respectively).

Conclusion
This survey demonstrates a higher prevalence of AP in DM patients compared with nondiabetic group, with an increased prevalence of persistent chronic AP. Compared with a well-controlled diabetic group, a poor glycemic control may be associated with a higher prevalence of AP and increased rate of endodontic failures.

Clinical significance
Counseling diabetic patients, particularly those with poor glycemic control, about the risk of failure of endodontic treatment can be part of planning management, which could include refereeing diabetic patients who need endodontic treatment for consultant care.

How to cite this article
Smadi L. Apical Periodontitis and Endodontic Treatment in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Comparative Cross-sectional Survey. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):358-362.
Orthopedic Effect of Chin Cup during Mixed Dentition Stage
Authors: Hashem Mohamed I , Ahmad Zeeshan H , Anil Sukumaran , Alanazi Khalid J 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Chin cup (CC) therapy has been used as the traditional appliance for treating class III malocclusion during mixed dentition period. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CC on the improvement of skeletal and dentoalveolar skeletal changes in class III patients during mixed dentition stage.

Materials and methods
A total of 30 patients (7–9 years old) with skeletal class III malocclusion were selected based on clinical and cephalometric examination. Out of 30 patients, 20 underwent CC therapy. All orthodontic records and measurements were taken before and after treatment. Similar records were collected from the control group. The lateral cephalometric films were traced before and after treatment and analyzed.

Results
There was a significant improvement in maxillary and the mandibular skeletal measurements after CC therapy. Improvement of ANB angle and an increase in Wits appraisal have been detected in the treated group according to intermaxillary skeletal variables.

Conclusion
The study concluded that the CC therapy is effective for correcting skeletal class III malocclusion along with positive changes in the dentoskeletal variables during the mixed dentition stage.

How to cite this article
Al-Khalifa HN, Hashem MI, Alanazi KJ, Anil S. Orthopedic Effect of Chin Cup during Mixed Dentition Stage. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):410-414.
Trends in Total Hip Arthroplasty in Young Patients - Results from a Regional Register
Authors: Kumar Amit , Bloch Benjamin V. , Esler Colin 
Published: May 2017

Introduction In the United Kingdom, over 83,000 primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) were performed last year, of which 20% are in patients under the age of 60 years. These patients generally have a longer life expectancy and a higher activity level than an older cohort, which may potentially translate to higher revision rates. Methods We reviewed our Trent regional arthroplasty register to assess current surgical practice in younger patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. The results were compared to a previous study published in 2005. Results Between 2010 and 2012, 1,097 primary THAs were performed on patients aged 54 or less. There was an equal cohort of males to females with a mean age of 46 years of patients undergoing THA. Osteoarthritis was the commonest aetiology for patients having surgery. Reviewing the components used there were 32 different femoral and 30 different acetabular types along with 70 different combinations of components. There were 608 uncemented THAs, 313 hybrid THRs, 98 cemented THAs, 67 resurfacing arthroplasties and 11 reverse hybrid THAs. Discussion The majority of implants were uncemented in both femur and acetabulum with consultants performing most of the procedures. There is a clear preference for uncemented femoral and acetabular fixation in the younger patient, and the trend towards uncemented components has increased over the last 10 years amongst the same surgeons. There continues to be a wide variety of cup and stem usage along with many different combinations of components, with no consensus on the ideal combination.
The Role of Hemodialysis in Treatment of Acute Acetic Acid Poisonings
Authors: Chibishev Andon , Petkovska Lidija , Tozija Liljana , Zdravkovska Milka , Shikole Emilija 
Published: May 2017

Introduction The aim of this study is to show the importance of hemodialysis as an active method in treatment of acute acetic acid poisonings. Its main role is to support the renal function during the state of the intoxication when patients develop acute renal failure. Methods We analyzed data from a 10-year period, a total of 71 patients who ingested acetic acid, either intentionally or accidentally. Patients with a need of hemodialysis (HD) treatment underwent 3- to 4-hour HD sessions every day or every second day, according to clinical assessment, as needed, until recovery of kidney function. Results In the period between 2006 and 2015 at the university clinic for toxicology and urgent internal medicine, we hospitalized 6,106 patients with different kinds of intoxication, of which 1.162% ingested concentrated acetic acid; 47 patients were female and 24 were male. The minimal age of patients was 18 and the maximal 74 years. A total of 28 (39.43%) of the patients developed acute renal failure and in 10 patients (14.08%) we used hemodialysis as a part of the treatment. The maximum number of performed sessions in one patient was five and the minimal number of performed sessions in one patents was only one session. The use of heparin led to fatal bleeding in 4 patients. The mortality rate was 7% and most of the cases resulted in fatalities during the first 96 hours after ingestion. Conclusions Acetic acid poisonings are one of the most dangerous intoxications seen in clinical toxicology. The use of hemodialysis in some of the patients who develop acute renal failure can be of great importance and it should be put into official treatment protocols due to its great number of advantages in renal function support.
Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Variation as a Potential Predictor of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Elsayed Eman T. , Hashad Mohamed M. , Elgohary Iman E. 
Published: May 2017

Background Peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number alteration has been suggested as a risk factor for several types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of peripheral blood mtDNA copy number variation as a noninvasive biomarker in the prediction and early detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a cohort of Egyptian patients. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure peripheral blood mtDNA copy numbers in 57 patients with newly diagnosed, early-stage localized RCC and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as a control group. Results Median mtDNA copy number was significantly higher in RCC cases than in controls (166 vs. 91, p<0.001). Increased mtDNA copy number was associated with an 18-fold increased risk of RCC (95% confidence interval: 5.065-63.9). On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, it was found that mtDNA could distinguish between RCC patients and healthy controls, with 86% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 80.3% positive predictive value and 85.7% negative predictive value at a cutoff value of 108.5. Conclusions Our results showed that increased peripheral blood mtDNA copy number was associated with increased risk of RCC. Therefore, RCC might be considered as part of a range of potential tumors in cases with elevated blood mtDNA copy number.
Survival after Second and Subsequent Recurrences in Osteosarcoma: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Tirtei Elisa , Asaftei Sebastian D. , Manicone Rosaria , Cesari Marilena , Paioli Anna , Rocca Michele , Ferrari Stefano , Fagioli Franca 
Published: May 2017

Purpose Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor. Despite complete surgical removal and intensive chemotherapeutic treatment, 30%-35% of patients with OS have local or systemic recurrence. Some patients survive multiple recurrences, but overall survival after OS recurrence is poor. This analysis aims to describe and identify factors influencing post-relapse survival (PRS) after a second OS relapse. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 60 patients with a second relapse of OS of the extremities in 2 Italian centers between 2003 and 2013. Results Treatment for first and subsequent relapses was planned according to institutional guidelines. After complete surgical remission (CSR) following the first recurrence, patients experienced a second OS relapse with a median disease-free interval (DFI) of 6 months. Lung disease was prevalent: 44 patients (76%) had pulmonary metastases. Survival after the second relapse was 22% at 5 years. Lung disease only correlated with better survival at 5 years (33.6%) compared with other sites of recurrence (5%; p = 0.008). Patients with a single pulmonary lesion had a better 5-year second PRS (42%; p = 0.02). Patients who achieved a second CSR had a 5-year second PRS of 33.4%. Chemotherapy (p<0.001) benefited patients without a third CSR. Conclusions This analysis confirms the importance of an aggressive, repeated surgical approach. Lung metastases only, the number of lesions, DFI and CSR influenced survival. It also confirms the importance of chemotherapy in patients in whom surgical treatment is not feasible.
Percutaneous US-Guided Renal Cryoablation Using 3D Modeling
Authors: Rapoport Leonid M. , Cytron Shmuel , Enikeev Mikhail E. , Tsarichenko Dmitry G. , Enikeev Dmitry V. , Chinenov Denis V. 
Published: May 2017

Introduction The article describes the first experience of performing percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided cryoablation of renal tumor and assesses the safety and short-term results of treatment. Materials and Methods Twelve patients were subjected to US-guided cryoablation of renal tumor in 2015. The tumor size in 11 patients was up to 3.0 cm (T1а); in one female patient, 4.5 cm (T1b). Tumors were assessed according to the PADUA score. In eight patients, it was 6-7 (low); in three patients, 8-9 (average); in one, 10 (high). All the patients underwent US examination using a FlexFocus 800 apparatus with convex abdominal transducers. Before surgery and 6 months later, all the patients underwent renal Doppler US and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Results The average cryoablation time was 60 min. Seven operations were performed under spinal anesthesia and five operations under local anesthesia. The follow-up period lasted 8 months on average. According to the ultrasonography and Doppler findings, after 6 months, the tumor (T1a) in 11 patients reduced in size by an average of 7-8 mm and had no blood supply. T1b patient's mass size reduces from 4.5 to 3.7 cm; however, a 1.5 cm area with a high attenuation gradient of the contrast medium was visualized. Later, the patient was subjected to laparoscopic renal resection. Histological finding revealed clear-cell carcinoma. Conclusions We consider percutaneous US-guided cryoablation as a method of choice for patients with stage T1a renal tumor localized on the posterior or lateral surface in the inferior or middle segment without sinus involvement and PADUA <9.
Healing of Spongiosus-Cutaneous Fistula with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT): A Case Report
Authors: Della Camera Pier A. , Cito Gianmartin , Morselli Simone , Sessa Francesco , Facchiano Davide , Cocci Andrea , Gacci Mauro , Serni Sergio , Carini Marco , Natali Alessandro 
Published: May 2017

Introduction We present a case of a spongiosus-cutaneous fistula in a 39-year-old man with recurrent episodes of cutaneous abscess in dorsal middle third penis (5 × 3 cm) treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT). Case report After emptying nodular abscess, the patient was noncompliant for further surgery. Therefore, it was suggested the association between HBOT and antibiotic therapy. HBOT is carried out in a hyperbaric room, where the internal pressure is increased (compression phase) by entering compressed air up to 283.71 kPa in about 10 minutes. Every HBOT cycle lasted 24 days in which the patient had been taking Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid 875 mg/125 mg 3 tabs/day and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim 160 mg/800 mg 2 tabs/day for 2 weeks. At the end of the treatment, a penile magnetic resonance imaging and an ultrasonography were executed and they evidenced a complete remission of the lesion. In the subsequent 22 months, there was no recurrence. Conclusions Our results suggest that HBOT is an effective treatment for chronic wounds, including a spongiosus-cutaneous fistula of unknown cause, when used in combination with conventional standard therapy or further interventions. At present time, the gold standard remains surgery; nevertheless, our experience with HBOT may stimulate its use in clinical trials.
Expectation vs Reality : A Study on the Significance of Practical Training for Future Graduates
Authors: Abidin Saidatul Akmar Zainal , Jamil Asiah Hj , Abdullah Normah 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper reports the significance of an internship experience which is intended to assist students to obtain jobs as soon as they graduate. It also discusses some of the reasons graduates fail to obtain jobs after graduation. Feedback from employers (from place of internship) via questionnaires and interviews was analysed to gain insight into what employers expect from graduates, how the graduates performed during the internship and what is expected of them in the future. One of the common problems cited by stakeholders/employers is graduates do not have the necessary skills to perform certain jobs. It was discovered that employers expect the graduates to posses a high communicative ability, to be well motivated, to have positive attitude, willingness to learn and interpersonal skills. In addition, some of these future graduates were found to be lacking in commitment, perseverence and knowledge of office etiquette. This paper highlights the crucial role that internship plays in ensuring that graduates secure employment after graduation. Internships greatly increase the chances that a student will gain full time employment after graduation. Reports often reveal that while prospective employers have specific expectations of the interns and that some are willing to provide training, they are confronted with issues relating to candidates’ language proficiency and their competence in a number of soft skills.
Quantitative, Qualitative or Mixed Research: Which Research Paradigm to Use?
Authors: Khaldi Kamel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Research students usually encounter great difficulties in setting up a viable research project mainly because, on the one hand they lack familiarity with the philosophical underpinnings of major paradigms used in educational research: quantitative, qualitative or mixed, and on the other hand , they do not associate the corresponding research types with these paradigms : experimental, non experimental for the former, and interactive or non interactive for the second and the for the latter whether it is explanatory or exploratory, in addition to the importance of triangulation in any research study . These paradigms determine not only the formulation of the problem chosen for research and the associated research questions or hypothesis but also and more importantly, the sampling procedure as well as the selection of the appropriate research tools and the way the collected data is analysed and discussed. This survey of the major paradigms in educational research and their implications for the design of any research study will hopefully provide them with the necessary guidance to approach their research project with more confidence et more efficiency.
Racial Composition of School District on School Leaders′ Responses to State Takeover: A Field Experiment on the Application of Michigan’s Emergency Manager Law
Authors: Vang Maiyoua 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Michigan’s Public Act 436, commonly referred to as the Emergency Manager Law, has provided for state installed emergency managers to oversee financially distressed municipalities as well as school districts. Given that a number of Michigan school districts, suburban, rural, and urban, have been operating at a deficit for several years and yet only the financial status of majority Black school districts (Detroit, Highland Park, Muskegon Heights) have triggered this takeover law, this field experiment investigated the effect of school district’s racial composition on both the level of support for state-installed emergency managers in districts and the level of support for politically material resistance to the application of that remedy. Implications regarding policy and critical policy research are forwarded in light of the results.
Politics of Programme Accreditation Practices in Nigerian Universities: Implications for Quality Assurance
Authors: Ekpoh Uduak Imo , Edet Aniefiok Oswald 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Accreditation is carried out to ensure that universities meet acceptable standards of quality in its programme offerings. This paper, which examined politics of National Universities Commission programme accreditation practices used descriptive survey design. The research covered universities in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States, Nigeria. Three research questions were raised to enhance the study. Purposive sampling technique was utilized to raise a sample of 85 current and former Heads of Departments for the study. A 21 - item instrument titled “Politics of Accreditation Practices Questionnaire (PAPQ)” was drawn, validated and tested for reliability using Cronbach Alpha. The index of reliability was 0.84 which indicated the fitness of the instrument for use. Data derived from the instrument were analyzed using means and standard deviation. Findings indicated that politics has been part of programme accreditation practices. Aspects of politics of accreditation identified were: politics of funding, borrowed books to boost library stock, borrowed facilities, window dressing of facilities, among others. The major challenges to programme accreditation as identified by the respondents were inadequate funding, inadequate and obsolete facilities and too much paper documentation. Suggestions to remedy the challenges to accreditation included that adequate funds should be made available to universities and internal mechanism for quality assurance should be strengthened within the universities.
The Application of the Functions and the Roles of Tiga Batu Tungku to Solve Social Conflicts of Seram Society in Kamarian Village, Maluku Province, Indonesia
Authors: Pessireron Marcus F. , Lolo Andi , Eisenring Tommy S. S. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Indonesia is an archipelago consisting of small and large islands stretching from Sabang to Merauke. The diversity of islands, religion, ethnicity, language, culture, and customs is a form of the socio-cultural systems that scattered throughout the islands of Indonesia. The differences among religions, tribes, and others sometimes create social conflicts among the citizens. However, the existence of Pancasila and the Constitution of 1945 are the National principle with the slogan “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” which means that it is different, but it is still one. In addition, it is a state doctrine containing legal rules, norms, and values that set life’s journey of Indonesian nation in the future. This slogan will be a tool to embed, bind, and unite the integrity of citizens. In addition, it can decrease the occurrence of social conflict. When there is dialectics, the social conflict which occurs in society and congregation, Tiga Batu Tungku as a local wisdom has a role of binding the unity of congregation at Kamarian village in Seram Island, Maluku Province. This local wisdom contains values, norms, religion, socio-culture, and customs which serve as social cohesion in reducing conflict. Values and norms are signs and rules to control human action and behavior in interacting with others. In this case, Tiga Batu Tungku has always played a role and function for a peaceful solution through dialogue to discuss and solve various social problems in society and internal part of Tiga Batu Tungku.