bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C‐GRApH
: A Validated Scoring System for Early Stratification of Neurologic Outcome After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Treated With Targeted Temperature Management
Authors: Kiehl Erich L. , Parker Alex M. , Matar Ralph M. , Gottbrecht Matthew F. , Johansen Michelle C. , Adams Mark P. , Griffiths Lori A. , Dunn Steven P. , Bidwell Katherine L. , Menon Venu , Enfield Kyle B. , Gimple Lawrence W. 
Published: May 2017

Background

Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (
OHCA
) results in significant morbidity and mortality, primarily from neurologic injury. Predicting neurologic outcome early post‐
OHCA
remains difficult in patients receiving targeted temperature management.

Methods and Results

Retrospective analysis was performed on consecutive
OHCA
patients receiving targeted temperature management (32–34°C) for 24 hours at a tertiary‐care center from 2008 to 2012 (development cohort, n=122). The primary outcome was favorable neurologic outcome at hospital discharge, defined as cerebral performance category 1 to 2 (poor 3–5). Patient demographics, pre‐
OHCA
diagnoses, and initial laboratory studies post‐resuscitation were compared between favorable and poor neurologic outcomes with multivariable logistic regression used to develop a simple scoring system (

C‐
GRA
pH

). The

C‐
GRA
pH

score ranges 0 to 5 using equally weighted variables: (
C
): coronary artery disease, known pre‐
OHCA
; (
G
): glucose ≥200 mg/dL; (
R
): rhythm of arrest not ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation; (
A
): age >45; (

pH

): arterial
pH
≤7.0. A validation cohort (n=344) included subsequent patients from the initial site (n=72) and an external quaternary‐care health system (n=272) from 2012 to 2014. The c‐statistic for predicting neurologic outcome was 0.82 (0.74–0.90,
P
<0.001) in the development cohort and 0.81 (0.76–0.87,
P
<0.001) in the validation cohort. When subdivided by

C‐
GRA
pH

score, similar rates of favorable neurologic outcome were seen in both cohorts, 70% each for low (0–1, n=60), 22% versus 19% for medium (2–3, n=307), and 0% versus 2% for high (4–5, n=99)

C‐
GRA
pH

scores in the development and validation cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions

C‐
GRA
pH

stratifies neurologic outcomes following
OHCA
in patients receiving targeted temperature management (32–34°C) using objective data available at hospital presentation, identifying patient subsets with disproportionally favorable (

C‐
GRA
pH

≤1) and poor (

C‐
GRA
pH

≥4) prognoses.
Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in US Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes Mellitus: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Wang Xueyin , Strizich Garrett , Hua Simin , Sotres‐Alvarez Daniela , Buelna Christina , Gallo Linda C. , Gellman Marc D. , Mossavar‐Rahmani Yasmin , O'Brien Matthew J. , Stoutenberg Mark , Wang Tao , Avilés‐Santa M. Larissa , Kaplan Robert C. , Qi Qibin 
Published: May 2017

Background

Cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) risk factor control is a cornerstone of diabetes mellitus management. Little is known about relationships of objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity with major
CVD
risk factor control in individuals with diabetes mellitus. We examined associations of objectively measured sedentary time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity with reaching major
CVD
risk factor control goals among US Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes mellitus.

Methods and Results

This cross‐sectional analysis included 1699 participants with diabetes mellitus from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008–2011). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (
OR
s) of meeting the following 5 major
CVD
risk factor control goals: hemoglobin A
1c
<7.0%; systolic/diastolic blood pressure <140/80 mm Hg; triglycerides <150 mg/dL; low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL; and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol >40/50 mg/dL for men/women. After adjustment for covariates including moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, less sedentary time was associated with increased odds of reaching hemoglobin A
1c
(
OR
=1.76 [95%
CI
: 1.10, 2.82]) and triglyceride control goals (
OR
=2.16 [1.36, 3.46]), and reaching ≥3
CVD
risk factor control goals (
OR
=2.08 [1.34, 3.23]) (all
OR
s for comparisons of extreme tertiles of sedentary time). Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was not associated with reaching any
CVD
risk factor control goals. Substituting 60‐min/day of sedentary time with light‐intensity physical activity was associated with increased odds of reaching hemoglobin A
1c
(
OR
=1.18 [1.04, 1.35]), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (
OR
=1.17 [1.04, 1.32]), and triglyceride (
OR
=1.20 [1.05, 1.36]) control goals.

Conclusions

Among US Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes mellitus, less sedentary time, but not moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, was associated with improved
CVD
risk factor control, specifically in reaching hemoglobin A
1c
and triglyceride control goals.
New Role for Interleukin‐13 Receptor α1 in Myocardial Homeostasis and Heart Failure
Authors: Amit Uri , Kain David , Wagner Allon , Sahu Avinash , Nevo‐Caspi Yael , Gonen Nir , Molotski Natali , Konfino Tal , Landa Natalie , Naftali‐Shani Nili , Blum Galia , Merquiol Emmanuelle , Karo‐Atar Danielle , Kanfi Yariv , Paret Gidi , Munitz Ariel , Cohen Haim Y. , Ruppin Eytan , Hannenhalli Sridhar , Leor Jonathan 
Published: May 2017

Background
The immune system plays a pivotal role in myocardial homeostasis and response to injury. Interleukins‐4 and ‐13 are anti‐inflammatory type‐2 cytokines, signaling via the common interleukin‐13 receptor α1 chain and the type‐2 interleukin‐4 receptor. The role of interleukin‐13 receptor α1 in the heart is unknown.

Methods and Results

We analyzed myocardial samples from human donors (n=136) and patients with end‐stage heart failure (n=177). We found that the interleukin‐13 receptor α1 is present in the myocardium and, together with the complementary type‐2 interleukin‐4 receptor chain
Il4ra
, is significantly downregulated in the hearts of patients with heart failure. Next, we showed that
Il13ra1
‐deficient mice develop severe myocardial dysfunction and dyssynchrony compared to wild‐type mice (left ventricular ejection fraction 29.7±9.9 versus 45.0±8.0;
P
=0.004, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter 4.2±0.2 versus 3.92±0.3;
P
=0.03). A bioinformatic analysis of mouse hearts indicated that interleukin‐13 receptor α1 regulates critical pathways in the heart other than the immune system, such as extracellular matrix (normalized enrichment score=1.90; false discovery rate q=0.005) and glucose metabolism (normalized enrichment score=−2.36; false discovery rate q=0). Deficiency of
Il13ra1
was associated with reduced collagen deposition under normal and pressure‐overload conditions.

Conclusions
The results of our studies in humans and mice indicate, for the first time, a role of interleukin‐13 receptor α1 in myocardial homeostasis and heart failure and suggests a new therapeutic target to treat heart disease.
Neuroprotection of brain-permeable iron chelator VK-28 against intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Li Qian , Wan Jieru , Lan Xi , Han Xiaoning , Wang Zhongyu , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2017

Iron overload plays a key role in the secondary brain damage that develops after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The significant increase in iron deposition is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to oxidative brain damage. In this study, we examined the protective effects of VK-28, a brain-permeable iron chelator, against hemoglobin toxicity in an ex vivo organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) model and in middle-aged mice subjected to an in vivo, collagenase-induced ICH model. We found that the effects of VK-28 were similar to those of deferoxamine (DFX), a well-studied iron chelator. Both decreased cell death and ROS production in OHSCs and in vivo, decreased iron-deposition and microglial activation around hematoma in vivo, and improved neurologic function. Moreover, compared with DFX, VK-28 polarized microglia to an M2-like phenotype, reduced brain water content, deceased white matter injury, improved neurobehavioral performance, and reduced overall death rate after ICH. The protection of VK-28 was confirmed in a blood-injection ICH model and in aged-male and young female mice. Our findings indicate that VK-28 is protective against iron toxicity after ICH and that, at the dosage tested, it has better efficacy and less toxicity than DFX does.
Correlation between hypoxic area in primary brain tumors and WHO grade: differentiation from malignancy using 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography
Authors: Kanoto Masafumi , Kirii Kazukuni , Hiraka Toshitada , Toyoguchi Yuuki , Sugai Yukio , Matsuda Kenichiro , Sakurada Kaori , Sonoda Yukihiko , Hatazawa Jun , Hosoya Takaaki 
Published: May 2017

Background 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography (FMISO-PET) has been used for identification of hypoxic areas in tumors, and since hypoxia causes hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and enhancement of tumor growth, identifying the hypoxic area in the tumor tissue is important. Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of FMISO-PET in the grading of primary brain tumors. Material and Methods FMISO-PET was performed preoperatively on 41 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed brain tumor. A neuroradiologist retrospectively measured both maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and mean SUV (SUVmean) in the tumor and normal cerebellar parenchyma. Maximum tumor/normal control ratio (T/Nmax) and mean tumor/normal control ratio (T/Nmean) were calculated and analyzed. Results There was a positive correlation between World Health Organization (WHO) grade and both T/Nmax and T/Nmean (r = 0.731 and 0.713, respectively). When all cases were divided into benign (WHO grade II) and malignant groups (III and IV), there were significant differences between the two groups in both T/Nmax and T/Nmean ( P < 0.001). If the cutoff value was defined as T/Nmax = 1.25 and T/Nmean = 1.23, T/Nmax had a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 90.9% while T/Nmean had a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 90.9% in differentiating the benign group from the malignant group. Conclusion Both T/Nmax and T/Nmean in FMISO-PET have a positive correlation with primary brain tumor grading, making FMISO-PET useful in diagnosing the malignancy of primary brain tumors.
Gastrointestinal microphysiological systems
Authors: Blutt Sarah E , Broughman James R , Zou Winnie , Zeng Xi-Lei , Karandikar Umesh C , In Julie , Zachos Nicholas C , Kovbasnjuk Olga , Donowitz Mark , Estes Mary K 
Published: May 2017

Gastrointestinal diseases are a significant health care and economic burden. Prevention and treatment of these diseases have been limited by the available human biologic models. Microphysiological systems comprise organ-specific human cultures that recapitulate many structural, biological, and functional properties of the organ in smaller scale including aspects of flow, shear stress and chemical gradients. The development of intestinal microphysiological system platforms represents a critical component in improving our understanding, prevention, and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. This minireview discusses: shortcomings of classical cell culture models of the gastrointestinal tract; human intestinal enteroids as a new model and their advantages compared to cell lines; why intestinal microphysiological systems are needed; potential functional uses of intestinal microphysiological systems in areas of drug development and modeling acute and chronic diseases; and current challenges in the development of intestinal microphysiological systems. Impact statement The development of a gastrointestinal MPS has the potential to facilitate the understanding of GI physiology. An ultimate goal is the integration of the intestinal MPS with other organ MPS. The development and characterization of nontransformed human intestinal cultures for use in MPS have progressed significantly since the inception of the MPS program in 2012, and these cultures are a key component of advancing MPS. Continued efforts are needed to optimize MPS to comprehensively and accurately recapitulate the complexity of the intestinal epithelium within intestinal tissue. These systems will need to include peristalsis, flow, and oxygen gradients, with incorporation of vascular, immune, and nerve cells. Regional cellular organization of crypt and villus areas will also be necessary to better model complete intestinal structure.
Mobilizing social media users to become advertisers: Corporate hashtag campaigns as a public health concern
Authors: Laestadius Linnea I , Wahl Megan M 
Published: May 2017

Objective With the growing popularity of social media, corporate marketers are increasingly launching hashtag campaigns to encourage consumers to create branded user-generated content on their behalves. If successful, these campaigns may expand the reach of harmful marketing messages and capitalize on peer-effects among adolescents. To shed light on these novel corporate campaigns, we performed a case study of the user-generated Instagram content created in response to a hashtag campaign promoting the quick-service restaurant Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC). Methods We performed a content analysis of one week’s worth of user-generated Instagram posts created with the hashtag #HowDoYouKFC between 24 April 2015–1 May 2015. Posts were coded to discern: (a) relevance to KFC as a brand and/or food; (b) themes in the post, (c) the content of images/videos, and (d) overall sentiment toward KFC. Posts that were deleted or made private during the study period were removed. Descriptive statistics were calculated to discern trends in post content. Results Instagram users created 196 posts with #HowDoYouKFC during the study period. After removing irrelevant and deleted/private posts, analysis of the 128 remaining user-generated posts revealed that 45% of posts were explicitly positive toward KFC and 39% lacked a specific stance or emotion related to KFC. Of the posts, 55% depicted KFC chicken and 65% included depictions of the brand hashtag on food packaging. Conclusions Findings indicate that corporations are successfully converting individual social media users into positive advertisers for harmful products. Novel efforts are needed to counter corporate user-generated content campaigns.
Safety and tolerability of adjunctive rosiglitazone treatment for children with uncomplicated malaria
Authors: Varo Rosauro , Crowley Valerie M. , Sitoe Antonio , Madrid Lola , Serghides Lena , Bila Rubao , Mucavele Helio , Mayor Alfredo , Bassat Quique , Kain Kevin C. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background
Despite the widespread use and availability of rapidly acting anti-malarials, the fatality rate of severe malaria in sub-Saharan Africa remains high. Adjunctive therapies that target the host response to malaria infection may further decrease mortality over that of anti-malarial agents alone. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists (e.g. rosiglitazone) have been shown to act on several pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of severe malaria and may improve clinical outcome as an adjunctive intervention.

Methods
In this study, the safety and tolerability of adjunctive rosiglitazone in paediatric uncomplicated malaria infection was evaluated in Mozambique, as a prelude to its evaluation in a randomized controlled trial in paediatric severe malaria. The study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIa trial of rosiglitazone (0.045 mg/kg/dose) twice daily for 4 days versus placebo as adjunctive treatment in addition to Mozambican standard of care (artemisinin combination therapy Coartem®) in children with uncomplicated malaria. The primary outcomes were tolerability and safety, including clinical, haematological, biochemical, and electrocardiographic evaluations.

Results
Thirty children were enrolled: 20 were assigned to rosiglitazone and 10 to placebo. Rosiglitazone treatment did not induce hypoglycaemia nor significantly alter clinical, biochemical, haematological, or electrocardiographic parameters.

Conclusions
Adjunctive rosiglitazone was safe and well-tolerated in children with uncomplicated malaria, permitting the extension of its evaluation as adjunctive therapy for severe malaria.
The trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02694874
Current insights in noise-induced hearing loss: A literature review of the underlying mechanism, pathophysiology, asymmetry, and management options
Authors: Le Trung N. , Straatman Louise V. , Lea Jane , Westerberg Brian 
Published: May 2017

Background Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the most common forms of sensorineural hearing loss, is a major health problem, is largely preventable and is probably more widespread than revealed by conventional pure tone threshold testing. Noise-induced damage to the cochlea is traditionally considered to be associated with symmetrical mild to moderate hearing loss with associated tinnitus; however, there is a significant number of patients with asymmetrical thresholds and, depending on the exposure, severe to profound hearing loss as well. Main body Recent epidemiology and animal studies have provided further insight into the pathophysiology, clinical findings, social and economic impacts of noise-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, it is recently shown that acoustic trauma is associated with vestibular dysfunction, with associated dizziness that is not always measurable with current techniques. Deliberation of the prevalence, treatment and prevention of noise-induced hearing loss is important and timely. Currently, prevention and protection are the first lines of defence, although promising protective effects are emerging from multiple different pharmaceutical agents, such as steroids, antioxidants and neurotrophins. Conclusion This review provides a comprehensive update on the pathophysiology, investigations, prevalence of asymmetry, associated symptoms, and current strategies on the prevention and treatment of noise-induced hearing loss.
An analysis of the effect of anger control program prepared by using traditional game an heroes of imagination on primary school grade 4 students<p>Geleneksel oyun ve hayal kahramanlarından yararlanılarak hazırlanan öfke denetimi programının ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencileri üzerindeki etkililiğinin incelenmesi
Authors: Özbay Günnur , Yalçın İlhan 
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the anger control program, which is based on the use of traditional games and heroes of imagination to reduce the aggressive behavior of primary school students. This experimental study consisted of control group, pretest and posttest. In this research, Multi-dimensional School Anger Inventory was applied. Students with high anger level and with low anger control ability were included in the study group. 34 students, including 17 experimental and 17 control groups, formed the study group. The sessions lasted 8 weeks. No study was applied to the control group. Analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney-U and Wilcoxon Marked Ranks Test from the non-parametric tests obtained when the data were not normally distributed. Findings from the study showed that experimental group who had trained for anger control has significantly increased anger control scores compared to the control groups. Findings obtained from the research have indicated that anger control program prepared by using traditional games and heroes of imagination has an effect on the ability of students to use anger control and positive coping methods. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı ilkokula devam eden öğrencilerin saldırgan davranışlarını azaltmaya yönelik geleneksel oyun ve hayal kahramanlarından yararlanarak hazırlanan öfke denetim programının etkililiğini araştırmaktır. Kontrol gruplu ön test, son test modeline dayalı deneysel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmada Çok Boyutlu Okul Öfke Envanteri uygulanmış, öfke düzeyi yüksek, öfke denetimi becerileri düşük öğrenciler arasından 17 kişilik deney ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere 34 öğrenci çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Oturumlar 8 hafta sürmüştür. Kontrol grubu ile herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler normal dağılım göstermediğinden elde edilen veriler parametrik olmayan testlerden Mann Whitney-U ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular öfke denetimi eğitimi alan deney grubunun eğitim sonrasında öfke denetim puanlarını kontrol gruplarına göre önemli düzeyde artırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, geleneksel oyun ve hayal kahramanlarından yararlanılarak hazırlanan öfke denetimi programının öğrencilerin öfke denetimi ve olumlu başa çıkma yöntemlerini kullanma becerileri üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
Adsorption of Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Montmorillonite as a Low-cost Adsorbent
Authors: Omidi Khaniabadi Yusef , Basiri Hassan , Nourmoradi Heshmatollah , Mohammadi Mohammad Javad , Yari Ahmad Reza , Sadeghi Shahram , Amrane Abdeltif 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, the sorption of Congo red (CR), as a toxic dye, from aqueous media was investigated using montmorillonite (MMT) as a low-cost adsorbent. The influence of several factors such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, dye content, and ionic strength was investigated on the dye removal. MMT was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Different kinetic and isotherm models including pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir and Freundlich were applied to analyze experimental data, respectively. The results showed that the data were well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. The optimum conditions for the sorption of CR were achieved over 40 min and at pH=2. According to the results of the present study, MMT can be used as a low-cost, eco-friendly and effective option for the adsorption of CR from aqueous solutions.