bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of a Home‐Use Light‐Emitting Diode Neck Device for Improvement in Neck Wrinkles: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Sham Device, Superiority Verification, Confirmatory Clinical Trial
Authors: Park Seong Oh , Jang Jiwoo , Park Sang Hyun , Jung Jae‐A , Cha Chihwan , Lee Bo Hyun , An Jung Kwon 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLight‐emitting diode (LED) light sources have become an increasingly popular choice for the treatment and rejuvenation of various dermatological conditions.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of neck rejuvenation, patient satisfaction, and the safety of LED application to the neck in an Asian population.MethodsThis was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, sham device study. Seventy participants were enrolled in the study. The participants wore the home‐use LED neck device for 9 min a day, 5 times a week, for a total of 60 sessions. The Lemperle Wrinkle Scale (LWS) and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) were used to evaluate the results of both investigators and participants. The thyroid gland was examined using ultrasonography to evaluate the safety of the investigational device.ResultsThe percentage of participants with improved LWS at Week 12 was significantly higher in the study group. Additionally, the percentage of participants with improved LWS was significantly higher in the study group at Weeks 8, 12, and 16. The LWS at Week 12 corrected with baseline values was found to be significantly different between the two groups. GAIS showed significant differences at 8, 12, and 16 weeks in the investigators' evaluation but not in the participants' evaluation. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance at Weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 also confirmed a significant difference between the two groups only in investigator assessment. No significant thyroid‐related complications were observed.ConclusionLED application to the neck may be considered a satisfactory and safe procedure for neck rejuvenation.
Assessment of different treatment alternatives for patients with total maxillectomy
Authors: Arı Ilgın , Acar Gülin , Tosun Emre , Muhtaroğulları Mehmet 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the biomechanical advantages of combining zygoma and partial subperiosteal implants for maxillary reconstruction in severely atrophic maxillae, offering potential solutions to the challenges posed by traditional reconstruction methods.Material and MethodsA finite element analysis used a craniofacial model simulating a totally resected maxilla. Four treatment scenarios (SCs) were evaluated: SC‐1, the quad zygoma approach; SC‐2, two zygoma implants (ZIs) and a one‐piece subperiosteal implant (SI); SC‐3, two ZI and a two‐piece SI; and SC‐4, four ZI and a one‐piece SI. Stress distributions on bone, implants, abutments, and metal frameworks were compared under occlusal forces.ResultsFor the simulated bone regions under vertical and oblique forces, SC‐4 values were higher than SC‐1, while SC‐2 and SC‐3 values were comparable for pmax and pmin. In addition, SC‐2 and SC‐3 values were lower than those of SC‐1 and SC‐4. The most balanced von Mises stress values on the ZIsand were observed in SC‐3 under vertical and oblique forces. Furthermore, lower von Mises stress values on the abutments were seen in SC‐3 under oblique and vertical forces. Although the lower von Mises stress values on the metal frameworks at the lateral incisor and first premolar side were seen in SC‐3, lower von Mises values were observed in SC‐4 in the first molar region.ConclusionsOverall, this study suggests that combining zygoma and partial subperiosteal implants may be a promising approach for reconstructing severely atrophic maxillae. These implants may offer improved biomechanical properties compared to ZIs alone.
Repeatability of different mobile phone applications for color measurement in dentistry
Authors: Dang Anh Duong , Belles Donald M. , Gonzalez Maria D. , Aponte‐Wesson Ruth A. , Paravina Rade D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the repeatability of various color‐measuring mobile phone applications (MPAs) on dental materials in clinically relevant shades in 1‐mm thickness.Materials and MethodsA benchtop spectrophotometer was used as a reference instrument. Seven MPAs were used: Color Analysis, Color Analyzer—Iro Shirabe, Color Grab, and Colorimeter from Android, and Color Analyzer—Iro Shirabe, ColorMeter RGB, and Optishade from iOS. Color measurements were performed on 1‐mm thickness slices of CAD‐CAM materials, Vita Enamic shades 1M2, 2M2, 3M2, 4M2, and Vitablocs Mark II shades A1C, A2C, A3C, A4C (n = 10, for a total 80 specimens). The specimens were measured at three time periods, Day 0, Day 1, and Day 7, and three measurements were made on each day, to mimic short‐, medium‐, and long‐term repeatability. The color differences were analyzed using the CIEDE2000 formula, with the corresponding color difference (ΔE00), and mean color difference from the mean (MCDM00). One‐way ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA, and Paired sample t‐tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsOptishade from iOS showed the lowest mean color difference among the MPAs (ΔE00 = 0.2 (SD 0.1), 0.3 (SD 0.2), and 0.2 (SD 0.1) at Day 0, 1, and 7, respectively, and ΔE00 = 0.5 (SD 0.3) for all three periods Days 0–1, 0–7, and 1–7). Material‐dependent variations in the repeatability of color measurements were observed.ConclusionThere was a statistically significant difference among color measurements using MPAs and a spectrophotometer, among the MPAs, and materials. The spectrophotometer exhibited the highest repeatability across the tested time periods. The iOS Optishade showed the highest repeatability among the MPAs.
Children as insurance revisited: Impact of children on private insurance adoption among older parents
Authors: Ci Zhaoxue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe old‐age security motive for fertility implies that children are substitutes for parents' old‐age insurance. However, demographic dynamics and the evolution of social welfare schemes may challenge this notion. Meanwhile, as population aging is placing heavy pressure on the social security systems, private insurance has become a crucial supplement for hedging risks. In light of the present trends, this research examines the impact of the number of children on private insurance adoption among older parents in China. This research exploits the “Later, Longer, Fewer” campaign to instrument variations in the number of children. Instrumental variable estimates reveal that the likelihood of older parents having private insurance increases with the number of children they have. The positive effect is more pronounced among older adults, who are less reliant on children and have more access to alternative resources. Further analyses indicate that adverse selection and information channels are potential mechanisms.
Rural reticence to inform physicians of cannabis use
Authors: Mallinson Daniel J. , Servinsky Timothy J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeOver 75% of Americans have legal access to medical cannabis, though physical access is not uniform and can be difficult for rural residents. Additionally, substantial stigma remains in using medical cannabis, particularly within the health care system. This article argues that rural Americans may be particularly affected by such stigma and may thus be more likely to not report cannabis use to health care providers.MethodsData were obtained from 1,045 adult Pennsylvanians using a self‐administered web panel omnibus survey. Rurality was determined by overlaying Zip Code Tabulation Areas with urban areas, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Primary outcomes were prior use of cannabidiol (CBD) or marijuana and reporting of such use to medical professionals. Covariates utilized in logistic regressions included rurality, gender, age, race/ethnicity, political affiliation, political ideology, and veteran status.FindingsLiving in an urban area was positively associated with disclosure of marijuana use to health care providers as compared to those in rural areas, although there were no differences found in CBD disclosure.ConclusionsStigma surrounding marijuana usage may have a disproportionate impact on health outcomes for rural residents who use marijuana. Nonreporting prevents effective holistic medical care and can result in negative drug interactions and other side effects.
Microscopic slickenside as a record of weak shock metamorphism in the surface layer of asteroid Ryugu
Authors: Miyahara Masaaki , Noguchi Takaaki , Matsumoto Toru , Tomioka Naotaka , Miyake Akira , Igami Yohei , Seto Yusuke , Haruta Mitsutaka , Saito Hikaru , Hata Satoshi , Ishii Hope A. , Bradley John P. , Ohtaki Kenta K. , Dobrică Elena , Leroux Hugues , Le Guillou Corentin , Jacob Damien , de la Peña Francisco , Laforet Sylvain , Mouloud Bahae‐Eddine , Marinova Maya , Langenhorst Falko , Harries Dennis , Beck Pierre , Phan Thi H. V. , Rebois Rolando , Abreu Neyda M. , Gray Jennifer , Zega Thomas , Zanetta Pierre‐M. , Thompson Michelle S. , Stroud Rhonda , Burgess Kate , Cymes Brittany A. , Bridges John C. , Hicks Leon , Lee Martin R. , Daly Luke , Bland Phil A. , Zolensky Michael E. , Frank David R. , Martinez James , Tsuchiyama Akira , Yasutake Masahiro , Matsuno Junya , Okumura Shota , Mitsukawa Itaru , Uesugi Kentaro , Uesugi Masayuki , Takeuchi Akihisa , Sun Mingqi , Enju Satomi , Takigawa Aki , Michikami Tatsuhiro , Nakamura Tomoki , Matsumoto Megumi , Nakauchi Yusuke , Abe Masanao , Nakazawa Satoru , Okada Tatsuaki , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Yoshikawa Makoto , Miyazaki Akiko , Nakato Aiko , Nishimura Masahiro , Usui Tomohiro , Yada Toru , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Nagashima Kazuhide , Kawasaki Noriyuki , Sakamotoa Naoya , Okazaki Ryuji , Yabuta Hikaru , Naraoka Hiroshi , Sakamoto Kanako , Tachibana Shogo , Watanabe Sei‐ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe surface morphology of regolith grains from the C‐type asteroid Ryugu was studied in search of evidence of impact events on the asteroid. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that ~8% of C0105‐042 Ryugu grains have a smooth surface on one side of the grains. One of these grains has striated linear grooves (striations) on its smooth surface. Transmission electron microscopy of the grain showed that a porous fine‐grained Mg‐Fe phyllosilicate assemblage, which is the main component of Ryugu grains, is compacted near the smooth surface. The smooth surface with striations closely resembles a slickenside, a characteristic texture found in terrestrial fault rocks formed by shear deformation. There is no evidence of melting/decomposition in the Mg‐Fe phyllosilicates near the smooth surface, indicating that the shear heating temperature is less than ~1100 K. Assuming that the average length of the striations corresponds to the minimum displacement of the micro‐fault, the shock pressure recorded in the C0105‐042 Ryugu grain is estimated to be <~4.5 GPa by a fault mechanics calculation. The shock pressures of C0105‐042, together with those of C0014 (~2 GPa) and C0055 (>~3.9 GPa) in previous studies suggest that the impact velocities recorded in these grains are < ~0.89–1.63 km s−1. Based on the impact velocities, these grains may record an impact event that occurred when asteroid Ryugu was in the orbit in Main Belt.
Kant's nutshell argument for idealism
Authors: Hogan Desmond 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe significance or vacuity of the statement, “Everything has just doubled in size,” attracted considerable attention last century from scientists and philosophers. Presenting his conventionalism in geometry, Poincaré insisted on the emptiness of a hypothesis that all objects have doubled in size overnight. Such expansion could have meaning, he argued, “only for those who reason as if space were absolute … it would be better to say that space being relative, nothing at all has happened.” The logical empiricists concurred, viewing the universal doubling hypothesis as illustrating the intrinsic metrical amorphousness of continuous manifolds. It is striking, therefore, to find Kant invoking a universal contraction in space and time to support his famous doctrine of transcendental idealism. In one of several completely neglected passages, he writes: “The proof that the things in space and time are mere appearances can also be grounded on the fact that the whole world could be contained in a nutshell and the entirety of elapsed time in a second without the least difference being met with.” Kant's “also” may suggest an idealist argument distinct from any proposed in published works. Here I ask: What is the meaning of Kant's Nutshell Argument for Idealism?
Untargeted mutagenesis of brassinosteroid receptor SbBRI1 confers drought tolerance by altering phenylpropanoid metabolism in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Fontanet‐Manzaneque Juan B. , Laibach Natalie , Herrero‐García Iván , Coleto‐Alcudia Veredas , Blasco‐Escámez David , Zhang Chen , Orduña Luis , Alseekh Saleh , Miller Sara , Bjarnholt Nanna , Fernie Alisdair R. , Matus José Tomás , Caño‐Delgado Ana I. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryDrought is a critical issue in modern agriculture; therefore, there is a need to create crops with drought resilience. The complexity of plant responses to abiotic stresses, particularly in the field of brassinosteroid (BR) signalling, has been the subject of extensive research. In this study, we unveil compelling insights indicating that the BRASSINOSTEROID‐INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) receptor in Arabidopsis and Sorghum plays a critical role as a negative regulator of drought responses. Introducing untargeted mutation in the sorghum BRI1 receptor (SbBRI1) effectively enhances the plant's ability to withstand osmotic and drought stress. Through DNA Affinity Purification sequencing (DAP‐seq), we show that the sorghum BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR 1 (SbBES1) transcription factor, a downstream player of the BR signalling, binds to a conserved G‐box binding motif, and it is responsible for regulating BR homeostasis, as its Arabidopsis ortholog AtBES1. We further characterized the drought tolerance of sorghum bri1 mutants and decipher SbBES1‐mediated regulation of phenylpropanoid pathway. Our findings suggest that SbBRI1 signalling serves a dual purpose: under normal conditions, it regulates lignin biosynthesis by SbBES1, but during drought conditions, BES1 becomes less active, allowing the activation of the flavonoid pathway. This adaptive shift improves the photosynthetic rate and photoprotection, reinforcing crop adaptation to drought.
Welfare and autonomy under risk
Authors: Cibinel Pietro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between promoting people's welfare and respecting their autonomy of choice under risk. I highlight a conflict between these two aims. Given compelling assumptions, welfarists end up disregarding people's unanimous preference, even when everyone involved is entirely rational and only concerned with maximizing their own welfare. Non‐welfarist theories of social choice are then considered. They are shown to face difficulties, too: either they fail to respect the value of welfare in at least one important sense, or they end up prioritizing different people's welfare differently in non‐risky choices, on the basis of their attitudes to risk, which are intuitively irrelevant in this context.
Multi‐level party favoritism: The case of a discretionary grant program in Poland
Authors: Gendźwiłł Adam , Swianiewicz Paweł , Sześciło Dawid 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParty favoritism in the distribution of grants is a well‐known mechanism fueling pork‐barrel politics and clientelism. In this paper, we analyze partisan bias in the distribution of the Polish Government Fund for Local Investments (RFIL) and demonstrate implications of party favoritism for the re‐centralization strategy adopted by the right‐wing populist government. We find robust evidence for a substantial bias that favors municipal authorities aligned with the national government. The proportion of the municipalities receiving any funding in two analyzed waves of the RFIL program increased by more than 45 percentage points and the amount of funding granted by more than 175 PLN per capita as a result of electing a mayor affiliated with the ruling party. We demonstrate that the partisan bias also affects municipalities ruled by local independents. It proliferates party polarization from the national level to the local politics and, in the longer run, may lead to its greater nationalization.
Unraveling the causative connection between urticaria, inflammatory cytokines, and mental disorders: Perspectives from genetic evidence
Authors: Liu ZhiRong , Wang YuanYing , Wang ShiHao , Wu JiaXin , Jia Cui , Tan Xuan , Liu XinLian , Huang XinWei , Zhang LuShun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe genetic association between urticaria and mental disorders and whether inflammatory cytokines mediate this process remains unclear.Materials and methodsA Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches to elucidate the causal relationship between urticaria and mental disorders and to validate the mediation of inflammatory cytokines. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) databases used were obtained from Psychiatric Genomics Cooperation (PGC), GWAS Catalog, and FinnGen Consortium. Our study was conducted using inverse variance weighted (IVW) and Bayesian weighted MR (BWMR) methods for joint analysis.ResultsThe MR results showed that urticaria increased the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (odds ratio [OR] 1.088, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026–1.154, p 0.0051); cholinergic urticaria increased the risk of bipolar disorder (BD) (OR 1.012, 95% CI: 1.001–1.022, p 0.0274); dermatographic urticaria increased the risk of ADHD (OR 1.057, 95% CI: 1.005–1.112, p 0.0323); idiopathic urticaria increased the risk of schizophrenia (SCZ) (OR 1.057, 95% CI: 1.005–1.112, p 0.0323); other unspecified urticaria increased the risk of ADHD (OR 1.085, 95% CI: 1.023–1.151, p 0.0063). We found that eight inflammatory cytokines were negatively associated with mental disorders and seven inflammatory cytokines were positively associated with mental disorders. Finally, our results suggested that inflammatory cytokines do not act as mediators between urticaria and mental disorders.ConclusionsOur study reveals a causal relationship between urticaria and the increased risk of mental disorders. We suggest that the treatment of urticaria could incorporate psychiatric interventions and mental health assessment of patients.
Novel Cosmetic Ingredient CS‐AA Polyion Complex and Skin Moisturizing Effect
Authors: Jeon Hyungjoon , Shin Yong Won , Won Jong Gu , Park Nojin , Park Sang‐Wook , Son Nam Seo , Kim Mi‐Sun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe study explored the enhanced skin moisturizing capabilities and moisture retention effects achieved by forming a polyion complex using sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), specifically chondroitin sulfate (CS), and amino acids (AA) such as glutamine (Q) and arginine (R). The overall hydration effect of this CS‐AA complex was examined.MethodsAfter analyzing the CS‐AA polyion complex structure using spectroscopic methods, the ex vivo moisture retention ability was assessed under dry conditions using porcine skin samples. Additionally, the efficacy of the CS‐AA polyion complex in reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and improving skin hydration was evaluated on human subjects using a digital evaporimeter and a corneometer, respectively.ResultsValidating a systematic reduction in particle size, the following order was observed: CS > CS/AA simple mixture > CS‐AA complex based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Furthermore, observations revealed that the CS‐AA complex exhibits negligible surface charge. Additionally, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) analysis demonstrated a distinct peak shift in the complex, confirming the successful formation of the CS‐AA complex. Subsequently, the water‐holding effect through porcine skin was assessed, revealing a notable improvement in moisture retention (weight loss) for the CS‐Q complex: 40.6% (1 h), 20.5% (2 h), and 18.7% (4 h) compared to glycerin. Similarly, the CS‐R complex demonstrated enhancements of 50.2% (1 h), 37.5% (2 h), and 33% (4 h) compared to glycerin. Furthermore, TEWL improvement efficacy on human skin demonstrated approximately 25% improvement for both the CS‐Q complex and CS‐R complex, surpassing the modest 12.5% and 18% improvements witnessed with water and glycerin applications, respectively. Finally, employing a corneometer, hydration changes in the skin were monitored over 4 weeks. Although CS alone exhibited nominal alterations, the CS‐Q complex and CS‐R complex showed a significant increase in moisture levels after 4 weeks of application.ConclusionIn this study, polyion complexes were successfully formed between CS, a sulfated GAG, and AA. Comparisons with glycerin, a well‐known moisturizing agent, confirmed that the CS‐AA complex exhibits superior moisturizing effects in various aspects. These findings suggest that the CS‐AA complex is a more effective ingredient than CS or AA alone in terms of efficacy.
Evaluation of the potential for nine established and emerging interventions to reduce soil carbon losses and increase stocks in grazing systems: A case study for Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Whitehead David , McNally Samuel R. , Graham Scott L. , Pronger Jack , Wall Aaron M. , Isson Terry , Beare Mike H. , Tozer Katherine N. , Doole Graeme J. , Murray Shevani , Mudge Paul L. , Schipper Louis A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article reviews nine soil carbon interventions to reduce soil carbon losses or increase stocks in grazing management systems, using their potential application in Aotearoa New Zealand (A‐NZ) as a case study. The interventions are classified into three strategies: (1) increasing carbon inputs through deep‐rooting and diverse species grasslands, reducing forage cropping and deferred grazing management; (2) increasing protection of carbon stocks by water table management on organic soils, reducing cropping on organic soils, full inversion tillage grassland renewal, the addition of clay minerals and enhanced rock weathering and (3) the adoption of integrated systems including establishing tree clusters into grasslands and agroforestry. We estimated the land area where these interventions could realistically be implemented in A‐NZ and assessed their potential impact on mitigating national overall agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. The potential impact of each intervention ranged from <1% to 2.5% of national agricultural greenhouse gas emissions over 20 years. However, confidence in these approaches is hindered by a lack of research data where these approaches have been tested for different soil types and conditions. Notably, water table management, which reduces carbon loss from organic soils, was the only intervention that could achieve moderate, short‐ and long‐term impacts with a confidence level assessed as ‘likely’. We conclude that reducing further soil carbon losses and achieving modest increases in soil carbon stocks are possible but will require economic and political incentives that encourage the integration of multiple interventions at the farm scale.