bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetics of flower development in Ranunculales – a new, basal eudicot model order for studying flower evolution
Authors: Damerval Catherine , Becker Annette 
Published: January 2017

SummaryRanunculales, the sister group to all other eudicots, encompasses species with a remarkable floral diversity, which are currently emerging as new model organisms to address questions relating to the genetic architecture of flower morphology and its evolution. These questions concern either traits only found in members of the Ranunculales or traits that have convergently evolved in other large clades of flowering plants. We present recent results obtained on floral organ identity and number, symmetry evolution and spur formation in Ranunculales species. We discuss benefits and future prospects of evo‐devo studies in Ranunculales, which can provide the opportunity to decipher the genetic architecture of novel floral traits and also to appraise the degree of conservation of genetic mechanisms involved in homoplasious traits.

Contents

Summary
361

I.
Introduction
361

II.
The major regulators of floral organ identity in Ranunculales
362

III.
Floral diversity in Ranunculales
363

IV.
Pollination modes, reproduction systems and species diversification
364

V.
Conclusion: from model organisms to model orders?
364

Acknowledgements
365

References
365
Functional analysis of Brassica napus phloem protein and ribonucleoprotein complexes
Authors: Ostendorp Anna , Pahlow Steffen , Krüßel Lena , Hanhart Patrizia , Garbe Marcel Y. , Deke Jennifer , Giavalisco Patrick , Kehr Julia 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Phloem sap contains a large number of macromolecules, including proteins and RNAs from different classes. Proteome analyses of phloem samples from different plant species under denaturing conditions identified hundreds of proteins potentially involved in diverse processes. Surprisingly, these studies also found a significant number of ribosomal and proteasomal proteins. This led to the suggestion that active ribosome and proteasome complexes might be present in the phloem, challenging the paradigm that protein synthesis and turnover are absent from the enucleate sieve elements of angiosperms. However, the existence of such complexes has as yet not been demonstrated.

In this study we used three‐dimensional gel electrophoresis to separate several protein complexes from native phloem sap from Brassica napus. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight MS analyses identified more than 100 proteins in the three major protein‐containing complexes.

All three complexes contained proteins belonging to different ribosomal fragments and blue native northern blot confirmed the existence of ribonucleoprotein complexes. In addition, one complex contained proteasome components and further functional analyses confirmed activity of a proteasomal degradation pathway and showed a large number of ubiquitinated phloem proteins.

Our results suggest specialized roles for ubiquitin modification and proteasome‐mediated degradation in the phloem.
Assessment of mungbean genotypes for durable resistance to Yellow Mosaic Disease: Genotype × Environment interactions
Authors: Parihar Ashok K. , Basandrai Ashwani K. , Sirari Asmita , Dinakaran Dakshinamurthy , Singh Deepak , Kannan Kamala , Kushawaha Kailash P. S. , Adinarayan Maddineni , Akram Mohammad , Latha Tnpalayam Krshnaswamy S. , Paranidharan Vaikuntavasan , Gupta Sanjeev 
Published: January 2017

AbstractYellow mosaic disease (YMD) is the major constraint of mungbean for realizing high productivity worldwide. Moreover, management of disease using YMD‐resistant genotypes is the simplest approach. Therefore, based on a preliminary screening of 220 genotypes during the year 2010 and 2011 at 17 locations, a set of 25 genotypes was further selected to evaluate at six locations over 2 years for identification of more stable resistant genotypes. The genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) analysis indicated that the genotypes and environment effects were significant (P < 0.001) for YMD incidence. Interestingly, the GGE biplot analysis successfully accounted for 74.71 per cent of the total variation with three genotypes (ML 818, ML 1349 and IPM 02‐14) showing high degree of resistance and stability over the locations. Notably, a strong positive association was observed between disease reaction and temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. As crop is grown in diverse growing environments, aforementioned genotypes can be used as stable/durable sources for future breeding programme to develop YMD‐resistant cultivars.
The Properties and Activity of TiO2/beta‐SiC Nanocomposites in Organic Dyes Photodegradation
Authors: Pstrowska Katarzyna , Szyja Bartłomiej Maciej , Czapor‐Irzabek Hanna , Kiersnowski Adam , Walendziewski Jerzy 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe TiO2/beta‐SiC nanocomposites containing 0–25 wt. % of beta‐SiC were synthesized by the sol‐gel method and tested in the photodegradation of methylene blue and methyl orange water solutions. With the increase in SiC content, only a slight decrease in energy band gap was observed (3.19–3.12 eV), together with significant increase in the surface area of the catalysts (42.7–80.4 m2 g−1). In the synthesized material, the anatase phase of TiO2 was present in the form of small agglomerates resulting from the mechanical mixing process. In the process conditions (catalyst concentration 0.5 g L−1, initial dye concentration 100 ppm, light source 100 W UV‐Vis lamp), we have observed no signs of catalyst deactivation. The significantly higher photodegradation activity of methylene blue than methyl orange can be attributed to the preferable pH of the solution compared to pHPZC and the cationic character of the first dye. In case of methyl orange, pH process conditions substantially limit the contact of the catalyst with the dye, as negatively charged surface of the catalysts repels the dissociated anionic dye molecules.
Getting a Sense of Agriculture: Visitor Experiences from an Agricultural Fair
Authors: Larsen Morten Hedegaard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article explores how different visitors experience the performances, promotions and each other at Denmark's most visited agricultural fair. Visitors acknowledge differences between urban and rural visitors but no tension or conflict. Embodied knowledge and tactile experiences seem like the most legitimate way to understand agriculture from the perspective of both rural‐urban and farming/non‐farming visitors, and they are also a key thematic focus in this article. Some performances even provide the visitor with a sense of trust in agriculture which, temporarily at least, can mitigate concerns about the overall food production system. Making sense of the activities at the fair seems to be achieved through embodied experiences as well as broader cultural identifications relating to and integrating images and experiences of landscapes, people and animals and their interaction. The results of this article should thus contribute to the sociological body of work trying to make sense of the changing meanings and roles of agriculture and farmers to the general public, as well as provide insights into how such meanings are created and maintained both inside and outside of the event.
Association of HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 with red‐blood‐cell alloimmunization in the Czech population
Authors: Maluskova A. , Mrazek F. , Pauliskova M. , Kovarova P. , Koristka M. , Jindra P. , Cermakova Z. 
Published: January 2017

Background and ObjectivesAlloimmune antibodies against red‐blood‐cell (RBC) antigens induced in susceptible individuals (responders) by transfusion, pregnancy or transplantation may have serious clinical consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate association of alloimmunization against selected RBC antigens with HLA‐Class II.Materials and MethodsA total of 230 responders (106 monoresponders and 124 multiresponders) were enrolled into the study. HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 variants were determined by PCR‐SSO and their frequencies compared between the patients (patient subgroups) and 375 ethnically and regionally matched controls.ResultsDevelopment of multiple RBC antibodies was associated with HLA‐DRB1*15 and HLA‐DQB1*06 allelic groups in the patients, with the relationship being particularly apparent in those with anti‐C+D antibodies. Furthermore, DRB1*13 and DQB1*06 were more frequent in multiresponders with anti‐E+c antibodies and DRB1*03 and DQB1*02 in those with anti‐E+Cw.ConclusionFor the first time, we confirmed the association of HLA‐DRB1*15 with RBC antibody multiresponder status and found HLA‐Class II associations for three frequent RBC antibody combinations. Our data support the concept that HLA restriction plays an important role in the response to RBC alloantigens.
Change of the metabolomic profile during short‐term mononuclear cell storage
Authors: Steininger P. A. , Strasser E. F. , Ziehe B. , Eckstein R. , Rauh M. 
Published: January 2017

Background and ObjectivesShort‐term storage of leukapheresis products used for immunotherapeutic mononuclear cell (MNC) products is a frequent event. The analysis of time‐related metabolic patterns enables the characterization of storage‐related effects in MNCs and the hypothesis‐based optimization of the MNC medium.Materials and MethodsThe MNC products from seven leukapheresis procedures were stored within a closed bag system for 48 h. Concentrations of amino acids, biogenic amines, phospho‐ and sphingolipids and hexoses in the medium were measured by targeted metabolomics. The viability of MNC subpopulations was assayed by Annexin V (AnV) and JC‐1 staining.ResultsGlucose depletion and a significant change of the acylcarnitine profile are early events within the first 24 h of storage. In contrast, for most amino acids, the maximum increase was observed at 48 h of storage as mirrored by an increase in the amino acid levels by a mean factor of 1·2 (1·3, 2·0) after 6 h (24 h, 48 h, respectively). This was except for the concentrations of glutamine and lysine, which did not change significantly. The taurine concentration showed a twofold increase within the first 24 h and remained constant thereafter. The steepest increase in AnV+ and 7‐AAD+ CD4+ T cells was found between 24 and 48 h.ConclusionThe time–course of apoptosis and metabolic patterns in the MNC products demonstrate that 24 h of storage is a decisive time‐point, as afterwards key metabolic pathways showed nonlinear detrimental changes. Optimization of storage by supplementation of specific substrates demands therefore an early intervention.
Work–Family Balance Among Coach-Fathers: A Qualitative Examination of Enrichment, Conflict, and Role Management Strategies
Authors: Graham Jeffrey A. , Dixon Marlene A. 
Published: January 2017

Work–family balance in sport has until this point largely been characterized as an issue for women. Current societal trends, however, suggest that men also struggle with balancing work and family responsibilities. Using theoretical frameworks from both conflict and enrichment, this study examined the ways that fathers who are coaches experience and manage the work–life interface. Twenty-four men who are fathers and high school varsity head coaches were interviewed for this study. The respondents discussed the day-to-day challenges and coping strategies they utilized to manage their work–life interface. Ultimately, five themes emerged from the data, including (a) coaching as more than an occupation, (b) experiences of conflict and strain, (c) coping strategies, (d) nonutilization of organizational supports, and (e) experiences of enrichment. These findings suggest that, indeed, men struggle with balancing competing role demands. However, the findings also suggest that men are utilizing diverse and creative approaches for managing their fathering and coaching roles, resulting in meaningful experiences of enrichment stemming from both coaching and fathering.
Physiological, Perceptual and Performance Responses Associated With Self-Selected Versus Standardized Recovery Periods During a Repeated Sprint Protocol in Elite Youth Football Players: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Gibson Neil , Brownstein Callum , Ball Derek , Twist Craig 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:To examine the physiological and perceptual responses of youth footballers to a repeated sprint protocol employing standardized and self-selected recovery.Methods:Eleven male participants (13.7 ± 1.1 years) performed a repeated sprint assessment comprising 10 × 30 m efforts. Employing a randomized cross-over design, repeated sprints were performed using 30 s and self-selected recovery periods. Heart rate was monitored continuously with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and lower body muscle power measured 2 min after the final sprint. The concentration of blood lactate was measured at 2, 5 and 7 min post sprinting. Magnitude of effects were reported using effect size (ES) statistics ± 90% confidence interval and percentage differences. Differences between trials were examined using paired student t tests (p < .05).Results:Self-selected recovery resulted in most likely shorter recovery times (57.7%; ES 1.55 ± 0.5; p < .01), a most likely increase in percentage decrement (65%; ES 0.36 ± 0.21; p = .12), very likely lower heart rate recovery (-58.9%; ES -1.10 ± 0.72; p = .05), and likely higher blood lactate concentration (p = .08–0.02). Differences in lower body power and RPE were unclear (p > .05).Conclusion:Self-selected recovery periods compromise repeated sprint performance.
Resistance Training Effects on Metabolic Function Among Youth: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bea Jennifer W. , Blew Robert M. , Howe Carol , Hetherington-Rauth Megan , Going Scott B. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:This systematic review evaluates the relationship between resistance training and metabolic function in youth.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials. gov were searched for articles that (1): studied children (2); included resistance training (3); were randomized interventions; and (4) reported markers of metabolic function. The selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool.Results:Thirteen articles met inclusion criteria. Mean age ranged from 12.2 to 16.9 years, but most were limited to high school (n = 11) and overweight/obese (n = 12). Sample sizes (n = 22–304), session duration (40–60min), and intervention length (8–52 wks) varied. Exercise frequency was typically 2–3 d/wk. Resistance training was metabolically beneficial compared with control or resistance plus aerobic training in 5 studies overall and 3 out of the 4 studies with the fewest threats to bias (p ≤ .05); each was accompanied by beneficial changes in body composition, but only one study adjusted for change in body composition.Conclusions:Limited evidence suggests that resistance training may positively affect metabolic parameters in youth. Well-controlled resistance training interventions of varying doses are needed to definitively determine whether resistance training can mitigate metabolic dysfunction in youth and whether training benefits on metabolic parameters are independent of body composition changes.
Normative Values for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Testing Among US Children Aged 6-11 years
Authors: Gahche Jaime J. , Kit Brian K. , Fulton Janet E. , Carroll Dianna D. , Rowland Thomas 
Published: January 2017

Background:Nationally representative normative values for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have not been described for US children since the mid 1980s.Objective:To provide sex- and age-specific normative values for CRF of US children aged 6–11 years.Methods:Data from 624 children aged 6–11 years who participated in the CRF testing as part of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey, a cross-sectional survey, were analyzed. Participants were assigned to one of three age-specific protocols and asked to exercise to volitional fatigue. The difficulty of the protocols increased with successive age groups. CRF was assessed as maximal endurance time (min:sec). Data analysis was conducted in 2016.Results:For 6–7, 8–9, 10–11 year olds, corresponding with the age-specific protocols, mean endurance time was 12:10 min:sec (95% CI: 11:49–12:31), 11:16 min:sec (95% CI: 11:00–11:31), and 10:01 min:sec (95% CI: 9:37–10:25), respectively. Youth in the lowest 20th percentile for endurance time were more likely to be obese, to report less favorable health, and to report greater than two hours of screen time per day.Conclusions:These data may serve as baseline estimates to monitor trends over time in CRF among US children aged 6–11 years.
The Ruler Protein EscP of the Enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Type III Secretion System Is Involved in Calcium Sensing and Secretion Hierarchy Regulation by Interacting with the Gatekeeper Protein SepL
Authors: Shaulov Lihi , Gershberg Jenia , Deng Wanyin , Finlay B. Brett , Sal-Man Neta 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a multiprotein complex that plays a central role in the virulence of many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. To ensure that effector proteins are efficiently translocated into the host cell, bacteria must be able to sense their contact with the host cell. In this study, we found that EscP, which was previously shown to function as the ruler protein of the enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
T3SS, is also involved in the switch from the secretion of translocator proteins to the secretion of effector proteins. In addition, we demonstrated that EscP can interact with the gatekeeper protein SepL and that the EscP-SepL complex dissociates upon a calcium concentration drop. We suggest a model in which bacterial contact with the host cell is accompanied by a drop in the calcium concentration that causes SepL-EscP complex dissociation and triggers the secretion of effector proteins.

IMPORTANCE
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, especially those of pathogenic bacteria, has serious medical and clinical implications. At the same time, the development and approval of new antibiotics have been limited for years. Recently, antivirulence drugs have received considerable attention as a novel antibiotic strategy that specifically targets bacterial virulence rather than growth, an approach that applies milder evolutionary pressure on the bacteria to develop resistance. A highly attractive target for the development of antivirulence compounds is the type III secretion system, a specialized secretory system possessed by many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens for injecting virulence factors (effectors) into host cells. In this study, we shed light on the molecular mechanism that allows bacteria to sense their contact with the host cell and to respond with the timed secretion of effector proteins. Understanding this critical step for bacterial virulence may provide a new therapeutic strategy.
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Exhibits Dominant Control of the Tumor Genome and Transcriptome in Virus-Associated Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Starrett Gabriel J. , Marcelus Christina , Cantalupo Paul G. , Katz Joshua P. , Cheng Jingwei , Akagi Keiko , Thakuria Manisha , Rabinowits Guilherme , Wang Linda C. , Symer David E. , Pipas James M. , Harris Reuben S. , DeCaprio James A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Merkel cell polyomavirus is the primary etiological agent of the aggressive skin cancer Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Recent studies have revealed that UV radiation is the primary mechanism for somatic mutagenesis in nonviral forms of MCC. Here, we analyze the whole transcriptomes and genomes of primary MCC tumors. Our study reveals that virus-associated tumors have minimally altered genomes compared to non-virus-associated tumors, which are dominated by UV-mediated mutations. Although virus-associated tumors contain relatively small mutation burdens, they exhibit a distinct mutation signature with observable transcriptionally biased kataegic events. In addition, viral integration sites overlap focal genome amplifications in virus-associated tumors, suggesting a potential mechanism for these events. Collectively, our studies indicate that Merkel cell polyomavirus is capable of hijacking cellular processes and driving tumorigenesis to the same severity as tens of thousands of somatic genome alterations.

IMPORTANCE
A variety of mutagenic processes that shape the evolution of tumors are critical determinants of disease outcome. Here, we sequenced the entire genome of virus-positive and virus-negative primary Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs), revealing distinct mutation spectra and corresponding expression profiles. Our studies highlight the strong effect that Merkel cell polyomavirus has on the divergent development of viral MCC compared to the somatic alterations that typically drive nonviral tumorigenesis. A more comprehensive understanding of the distinct mutagenic processes operative in viral and nonviral MCCs has implications for the effective treatment of these tumors.
Proximity Interactions among Basal Body Components in
Trypanosoma brucei
Identify Novel Regulators of Basal Body Biogenesis and Inheritance
Authors: Dang Hung Quang , Zhou Qing , Rowlett Veronica W. , Hu Huiqing , Lee Kyu Joon , Margolin William , Li Ziyin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The basal body shares similar architecture with centrioles in animals and is involved in nucleating flagellar axonemal microtubules in flagellated eukaryotes. The early-branching
Trypanosoma brucei
possesses a motile flagellum nucleated from the basal body that consists of a mature basal body and an adjacent pro-basal body. Little is known about the basal body proteome and its roles in basal body biogenesis and flagellar axoneme assembly in
T. brucei
. Here, we report the identification of 14 conserved centriole/basal body protein homologs and 25 trypanosome-specific basal body proteins. These proteins localize to distinct subdomains of the basal body, and several of them form a ring-like structure surrounding the basal body barrel. Functional characterization of representative basal body proteins revealed distinct roles in basal body duplication/separation and flagellar axoneme assembly. Overall, this work identified novel proteins required for basal body duplication and separation and uncovered new functions of conserved basal body proteins in basal body duplication and separation, highlighting an unusual mechanism of basal body biogenesis and inheritance in this early divergent eukaryote.

IMPORTANCE
The basal body in the early-branching protozoan
Trypanosoma brucei
nucleates flagellum assembly and also regulates organelle segregation, cell morphogenesis, and cell division. However, the molecular composition and the assembly process of the basal body remain poorly understood. Here, we identify 14 conserved basal body proteins and 25 trypanosome-specific basal body proteins via bioinformatics, localization-based screening, and proximity-dependent biotin identification. We further localized these proteins to distinct subdomains of the basal body by using fluorescence microscopy and superresolution microscopy, discovered novel regulators of basal body duplication and separation, and uncovered new functions of conserved basal body proteins in basal body duplication and separation. This work lays the foundation for dissecting the mechanisms underlying basal body biogenesis and inheritance in
T. brucei
.