bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate discontinuation of ablation during pulmonary vein isolation remarkably decreases the incidence of esophageal thermal lesions even when using steerable sheaths
Authors: Watanabe Norikazu , Chiba Yuta , Onishi Yoshimi , Kawasaki Shiro , Munetsugu Yumi , Onuma Yoshimasa , Itou Hiroyuki , Onuki Tatsuya , Minoura Yoshino , Adachi Taro , Kawamura Mitsuharu , Asano Taku , Tanno Kaoru , Kubota Yutarou , Konishi Kazuo , Kobayashi Youichi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial–esophageal fistulas (LAEFs) are serious complications with high mortality after atrial fibrillation radiofrequency ablation (AFRA). Decreasing the incidence of esophageal thermal lesions (EsoTLs) that may lead to LAEFs is important. The aim of this study was to suppress EsoTL development and determine the appropriate alarm setting for a temperature‐monitoring probe by using steerable sheath (STS) methods.MethodsWe enrolled 82 consecutive patients (mean, 61.9±11.7 years; 75.6% men) who underwent AFRA, including pulmonary vein isolation for symptomatic, drug‐refractory atrial fibrillation with esophageal temperature monitoring by using STS between January 2011 and April 2014. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) 1–3 days after AFRA. The timing of ablation discontinuation in the first 17 patients was determined by each physician during AFRA (only monitoring group, OM). In the next 65 patients, physicians were to immediately discontinue ablation when an alarm set at 39 °C went off (instruction group, INS). We compared two groups with respect to the incidence of EsoTLs.ResultsAmong the 82 patients, 5 (6.1%) had EsoTLs after AFRA. EsoTLs occurred in 3 of 17 patients (17.6%) and 2 of 65 patients (3.1%) in the OM and INS groups, respectively. The incidence of EsoTLs in the INS group was significantly lower than that in the OM group (p=0.0254). EsoTL did not occur at maximal temperature less than 39 °C, measured by using esophageal temperature‐monitoring probe.ConclusionsImmediate discontinuation of ablation during pulmonary vein isolation remarkably decreased the incidence of EsoTLs, even when using STS.
Can the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio be used to predict recurrence and progression of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer?
Authors: Albayrak Sebahattin , Zengin Kursad , Tanik Serhat , Atar Muhittin , Unal Serhat Haluk , Imamoglu M. Abdurrahim , Gurdal Mesut 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of our study was to evaluate whether neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a predictor of disease progression and recurrence in patients with primary non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This was a prospective study of 86 patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC. The patients were classified by the number of points assigned by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables. The correlation between progression score, recurrence score, age, mean platelet volume, red blood cell distribution width and NLR was assessed statistically. The same parameters were compared between the risk groups. A significant difference in NLR and age values was observed between recurrence and progression risk score groups. The relationships between NLR and recurrence and progression risk scores were no longer significant after correcting for the statistical effect of age on scores. Age was significantly different between groups after adjusting for NLR. Our study revealed that NLR and age were associated with patient age and bladder tumor progression and recurrence risk scores. After correcting for age, the significant relationship with NLR was lost, in contrast to some previous studies. We recommend that patient age should be corrected to avoid misleading results in NLR studies.
Wind-tunnel tests of a heavy-class helicopter optimised for drag reduction
Authors: Gibertini G. , Zanotti A. , Droandi G. , Grassi D. , Campanardi G. , Auteri F. , Aceti A. , Le Pape A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTWind-tunnel tests of a heavy-class helicopter model were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of several components optimised for drag reduction by computational fluid dynamics analysis. The optimised components included different hub-cap configurations, a fairing for blade attachments and the sponsons. Moreover, the effects of vortex generators positioned on the back ramp were investigated. The optimisation effect was evaluated by comparison of the drag measurements carried out for both the original and the optimised helicopter configurations. The comprehensive experimental campaign involved the use of different measurement techniques. Indeed, pressure measurements and stereo particle image velocimetry surveys were performed to achieve a physical insight about the results of load measurements. The test activity confirms the achievement of an overall reduction of about 6% of the original model drag at cruise attitude.
Hegel's Theory of Normativity
Authors: ALZNAUER MARK 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT:This essay offers an interpretation of Hegel's theory of normativity according to which normative evaluation is primarily a matter of a thing's answerability to its own constitutive norms. I show that natural and spiritual norms correspond to two different species of normative evaluation for Hegel, two categorically distinct ways something can violate its own constitutive norms. I conclude with some general reflections on the relationship between normativity and ontology in Hegel's system.
Three-dimensional instabilities in oscillatory flow past elliptic cylinders
Authors: Gallardo José P. , Andersson Helge I. , Pettersen Bjørnar 
Published: June 2016

We investigate the early development of instabilities in the oscillatory viscous flow past cylinders with elliptic cross-sections using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. This is a classical hydrodynamic problem for circular cylinders, but other configurations have received only marginal attention. Computed results for some different aspect ratios ${\it\Lambda}$ from 1 : 1 to 1 : 3, all with the major axis of the ellipse aligned in the main flow direction, show good qualitative agreement with Hall’s stability theory (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 146, 1984, pp. 347–367), which predicts a cusp-shaped curve for the onset of the primary instability. The three-dimensional flow structures for aspect ratios larger than 2 : 3 resemble those of a circular cylinder, whereas the elliptical cross-section with the lowest aspect ratio of 1 : 3 exhibits oblate rather than tubular three-dimensional flow structures as well as a pair of counter-rotating spanwise vortices which emerges near the tips of the ellipse. Contrary to a circular cylinder, instabilities for an elliptic cylinder with sufficiently high eccentricity emerge from four rather than two different locations in accordance with the Hall theory.
Investigation on Wind Environments of Surrounding Open Spaces Around a Public Building
Authors: Yang A.-S. , Juan Y.-H. , Wen C.-Y. , Su Y.-M. , Wu Y.-C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to highlight the effectiveness and necessity of the computational methods applications for architecture conceptual designs and improve the use of advanced simulation tools in urban planning. The results can provide the urban designers, planners and other decision makers with useful design information for assessing human wind comfort of the surrounding open spaces of public buildings in an urban area. Among different kinds of public buildings, museum architecture is of significant social value and importance for the augmentation of urban image. Using the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao for the case study, this investigation performed CFD simulations of the airflow over the museum to characterize the wind environments around the buildings. The predicted wind speed distributions were used to determine the wind comfort level of the featured spots around the museum for evaluating the suitability allowing visitors to sit or stand at the pedestrian plane for extended periods.
Environment, Resource Integration, and New Ventures’ Competitive Advantage in China
Authors: Cai Li , Anokhin Sergey , Yin Miaomiao , Hatfield Donald E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTChinese new ventures have two principal approaches to resource integration: the stabilizing approach, which makes minor changes to a firm's current resource bundles, or the pioneering approach, which creates new capabilities. Two characteristics of Chinese entrepreneurial environment are distinct: environmental dynamism (uncertain markets, unstable institutions and the rapid technology upgrading) and munificence (the degree of competitive intensity and resource abundance). This study suggests that environmental dynamism and environmental munificence moderate the relationships between resource integration approaches and competitive advantage. Results based on a study of 410 Chinese new ventures show that both stabilizing and pioneering approaches to resource integration positively influence new ventures’ competitive advantage under the condition of low environmental dynamism and either high or low environmental munificence. However, neither stabilizing nor pioneering approaches have a significant effect on new ventures’ competitive advantage under the condition of low environmental munificence and high environmental dynamism. Only the pioneering approach has a positive effect on new ventures’ competitive advantage under the condition of high environmental munificence and high environmental dynamism.
Consumers’ practical understanding of healthy food choices: a fake food experiment
Authors: Mötteli Sonja , Keller Carmen , Siegrist Michael , Barbey Jana , Bucher Tamara 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLittle is known about laypeople’s practical understanding of a healthy diet, although this is important to successfully promote healthy eating. The present study is the first to experimentally examine how consumers define healthy and balanced food choices for an entire day compared with normal choices and compared with dietary guidelines. We used an extensive fake food buffet (FFB) with 179 foods commonly consumed in the Swiss diet. The FFB is a validated method to investigate food choice behaviour in a well-controlled laboratory setting. People from the general population in Switzerland (n 187; 51·9 % females), aged between 18 and 65 years, were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In the control group, the participants were instructed to serve themselves foods they would eat on a normal day, whereas in the ‘healthy’ group they were instructed to choose foods representing a healthy diet. Participants chose significantly more healthy foods, with 4·5 g more dietary fibre, 2 % more protein and 2 % less SFA in the ‘healthy’ group compared with the control group. However, in both experimental conditions, participants served themselves foods containing twice as much sugar and salt than recommended by dietary guidelines. The results suggest that laypeople lack knowledge about the recommended portion sizes and the amounts of critical nutrients in processed food, which has important implications for communicating dietary guidelines. Furthermore, the energy of the food served was substantially correlated with the energy needs of the participants, demonstrating the potential of the fake food buffet method.
WOMEN, POLITICS, AND THE 1723 OATHS OF ALLEGIANCE TO GEORGE I
Authors: VALLANCE EDWARD 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis article explores the last instance of mass public oath-taking in England, the tendering of the oaths of allegiance, supremacy, and abjuration in the aftermath of the Jacobite Atterbury Plot of 1722. The records of this exercise, surviving in local record offices, have been little examined by historians. The returns are, however, unusual not only in the level of detail they occasionally provide concerning subscribers (place of abode, occupation, and social status) but also in the consistently high numbers of women who can be found taking the oaths. Prior to 1723, the appearance of female subscribers on oath returns was exceptional and usually assumed to be accidental. As this article seeks to demonstrate, the targeting of women in 1723 was intentional and represented a recognition of women's economic and political influence in early Hanoverian England. Even so, the presence of women on these oath returns represented a breach in the normal exclusion of women from formal political participation. The article suggests that other means of presenting public loyalty, namely the loyal address, were subsequently preferred which both seemed more the product of popular enthusiasm rather than state direction and which could informally represent women without conferring a public political identity.
‘SIR YE BE NOT KYNG’: CITIZENSHIP AND SPEECH IN LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN ENGLAND
Authors: LIDDY CHRISTIAN D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTFew would argue against the intimate relationship between citizenship and speech in early modern England. Historians of political thought and literary scholars have explored the cultural and political impact of the English Renaissance, which turned subjects into citizens and which produced a learned, humanist, and oratorical model of citizenship, centred upon the virtues of the ‘articulate citizen’. But the English Renaissance did not give birth to citizenship. There was an older, vernacular, urban-based concept of citizenship, which was grounded in social practice rather than in intellectual tradition. This citizenship was shaped by multiple, competing, and conflicting impulses: inclusive, yet exclusive; participatory, yet discriminatory; a mixture of rights and duties. Speech both exposed and amplified these different senses of citizenship: who could speak and act against authority, and were there limits on what citizens could say and do? The tensions between urban citizenship and speech persisted throughout the late middle ages and into the early modern period. Local power struggles about the nature of civic authority helped to define ideas of citizenship and of free speech.
CHRISTIANITY AND THE INVENTION OF THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN, 1963–1967
Authors: BREWITT-TAYLOR SAM 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the myth of ‘the sexual revolution’, increasingly accepted in Britain's national media between 1963 and 1967, played a central role in causing the real transformation of British sexual culture that occurred from the late 1960s. It also argues that Christian agency played an important role in the framing and the legitimation of this myth. Until 1963, British debates about sexual morality had been dominated by Christian arguments. In 1963 and 1964, the existence of a rapid, widespread, inexorable, secular, and antinomian transformation of sexual mores was prominently proclaimed by Christian commentators, who thought it an inevitable consequence of ‘secularization’, whereas secular commentators usually objected that this narrative was insufficiently evidenced. After its initial discussion in the mainstream media in 1965, the ‘sexual revolution’ narrative was increasingly articulated without explicit reference to Christianity, but it usually retained theologically inspired structural features inherited from earlier religious discussions. In the late 1960s, elite perceptions of inexorable sexual liberalization decisively legitimated rapid decensorship, wider access to the pill, and the reimagination of ‘normal’ sexual behaviour, thereby importantly shaping real popular change. In this way, Christian clergymen made a significant, early, unwitting, and hitherto unacknowledged contribution to Britain's sexual revolution.
Allelic variations in the soluble starch synthase II gene family result in changes of grain quality and starch properties in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: FAN X. Y. , GUO M. , LI R. D. , YANG Y. H. , LIU M. , ZHU Q. , TANG S. Z. , GU M. H. , XU R. G. , YAN C. J. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYSoluble starch synthase II (SSII) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of starch and in rice it consists of three isoforms encoded by SSII-1, SSII-2 and SSII-3. However, the genetic effects of various SSII alleles on grain quality have not been systematically characterized. In the present study, the japonica alleles on SSII-1, SSII-2 and SSII-3 (SSIIa) loci from a japonica cultivar, Suyunuo, were respectively introgressed by molecular marker-assisted selection into a typical indica cultivar, Guichao2, through successive backcrossing, generating three sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs). Grain quality and starch property analysis showed that NIL-SSII-3j exhibited significant decreases in the following parameters: amylose content, average granule size, and setback viscosity and consistency; but increases in peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, gelatinization temperature and relative crystallinity. Moreover, the proportion of short amylopectin chains and branching degree also increased when compared with those of NIL-SSII-3i (Guochao2). Similar effects were observed in NIL-SSII-1j, and certain alterations in the fine structure of starch (granule size) were revealed. However, NIL-SSII-2j did not exert significant effect on grain quality and starch properties. In brief, among the SSII gene family, the functional diversity occurred on SSII-1 and SSII-3, and not on SSII-2. Therefore, it appears that more attention should be directed to SSII-1 and SSII-3 loci for improving the eating and cooking quality of rice.
Language processing is not a race against time
Authors: Baggio Giosuè , Vicario Carmelo M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.
Socio-demographic influences on language structure and change: Not all learners are the same
Authors: Bergmann Till , Dale Rick , Lupyan Gary 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Now-or-Never bottleneck has important consequence for understanding why languages have the structures they do. However, not addressed by C&C is that the bottleneck may interact with who is doing the learning: While some languages are mostly learned by infants, others have a large share of adult learners. We argue that such socio-demographic differences extend and qualify C&C's thesis.
Now or … later: Perceptual data arenotimmediately forgotten during language processing
Authors: Bicknell Klinton , Jaeger T. Florian , Tanenhaus Michael K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChristiansen & Chater (C&C) propose that language comprehenders must immediately compress perceptual data by “chunking” them into higher-level categories. Effective language understanding, however, requires maintaining perceptual information long enough to integrate it with downstream cues. Indeed, recent results suggest comprehenders do this. Although cognitive systems are undoubtedly limited, frameworks that do not take into account the tasks that these systems evolved to solve risk missing important insights.
Linguistic representations and memory architectures: The devil is in the details
Authors: Chacón Dustin Alfonso , Momma Shota , Phillips Colin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAttempts to explain linguistic phenomena as consequences of memory constraints require detailed specification of linguistic representations and memory architectures alike. We discuss examples of supposed locality biases in language comprehension and production, and their link to memory constraints. Findings do not generally favor Christiansen & Chater's (C&C's) approach. We discuss connections to debates that stretch back to the nineteenth century.
Gestalt-like representations hijack Chunk-and-Pass processing
Authors: Dumitru Magda L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChristiansen & Chater (C&C) make two related and somewhat contradictory claims, namely that the ever abstract language representations built during Chunk-and-Pass processing allow for ever greater interference from extra-linguistic information, and that it is nevertheless the language system that re-codes incoming information into abstract representations. I analyse these claims and discuss evidence suggesting that Gestalt-like representations hijack Chunk-and-Pass processing.
HELD CAPTIVE BY SCRIPT: INTERPRETING “TAGGED” PRISONERS IN LATE CLASSIC MAYA SCULPTURE
Authors: Burdick Catherine E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough captive images have been examined for the Classic Maya, we lack a thorough understanding of depicted captives as a pictorial motif. Furthermore, the convention of “tagging” Late Classic Maya captive sculptures with identifying texts was understood a century ago, yet the ways in which these scripts functioned beyond the role of label are not well known. This layering of identifying texts onto captive figures presents interesting avenues of scholarly inquiry for understanding relationships among ancient Maya texts, figural images, and actual bodies. In this article I explore captive iconography and then suggest that the captive tagging convention is related to the tagging of possessed objects. The artistic tendency toward tagging the thigh with more frequency than other bodily regions suggests a secondary meaning for such markings, and I propose that these tags alluded to the post-sacrifice practice of removing the femur as a war trophy.
CLASSIC-PERIOD RITUAL CERAMICS FROM THE COAST OF CHIAPAS, MEXICO
Authors: Voorhies Barbara , Arvey Margaret 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn 1947 Philip Drucker excavated an unusually dense concentration of artifacts from the plaza of a small Late Classic site on the inner coastal plain of Chiapas, Mexico that he proposed was a possible end-of-cycle ceremonial dump. Although the deposit contained both utilitarian and ritual items, only some of the latter have survived for present day investigation. Here we describe Drucker's excavations and the surviving ritual items, neither of which had ever been published in detail. We also examine archaeological expectations for end-of-cycle dumps based upon ethnohistoric descriptions of this Mesoamerican ritual practice and we explore the iconography of effigy censers, which constitute an important set of the items that Drucker collected. We conclude that this singular deposit most likely represents the material remains an end-of-cycle ritual as Drucker had originally proposed.
Balancing profitability with social consciousness: Determinants of suppliers' intensity of participation in the EU school fruit scheme
Authors: von Germeten Jan-Paul , Hartmann Monika 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of suppliers' intensity of participation in the European Union school fruit scheme (SFS) based on the example of the SFS in the German federal state North Rhine-Westphalia. In 2013/14, approximately 100 suppliers including many agricultural enterprises or farm shops took part in a telephone survey. The data were processed by a factor analysis. Multivariate regression and ordered logit analyses were used to examine the determinants of intensity of participation. The results indicate that economic as well as non-economic factors determine suppliers' intensity of participation in such programs, though the financial aspect was determined as the most influential single factor for participation. In addition, the feel-good factor from helping to improve children's dietary habits and supporting the local community has been identified as an important motive.