bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Affects and Craving in Alcohol‐Dependence: A Study During Alcohol Detoxification
Authors: Petit Géraldine , Luminet Olivier , Cordovil de Sousa Uva Mariana , Monhonval Pauline , Leclercq Sophie , Spilliaert Quentin , Zammit François , Maurage Pierre , de Timary Philippe 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundAlcohol craving is a major cause of relapse in alcohol‐dependent (AD) patients. It is closely related to the high depression and anxiety symptoms that are frequently observed at the early stages of abstinence, and these comorbid symptoms might thus constitute a relapse factor when they persist after detoxification. As these negative affects are known to evolve during the detoxification process, the aim of this study was to investigate the course of the relation between affects and craving during detoxification, with a particular attention given to gender in light of the known differences in affects betweenADmen and women.MethodsAD patients (n = 256) undergoing a detoxification program were evaluated for positive (PA) and negative affectivity (NA), depression and anxiety symptoms, and craving, twice within a 3‐week interval (on the first [T1] and the eighteenth day [T2] of abstinence).ResultsDetoxification course was associated with improvements regardingNA, depression and anxiety symptoms, and craving. Moreover, these negative affects were related to craving intensity. However, for men, the relation was only present at the beginning of detoxification, while, for women, it persisted at the end of detoxification as did high levels of depression. Furthermore, only with women was the level of craving at T2 proportional to negative affects reported at T1, and depression symptoms experienced at T1 were reliable predictors of craving at T2.ConclusionsGiven the importance of craving in relapse, special care should be given to improve depressive symptoms inADwomen to promote long‐term abstinence. Also, the remaining portion ofADwomen who still exhibit substantial symptoms of anxiety and depression at the end of detoxification could benefit from an integrated treatment simultaneously tackling mood and alcohol‐dependence disorders.
Trajectories of heroin use: 10–11‐year findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study
Authors: Teesson Maree , Marel Christina , Darke Shane , Ross Joanne , Slade Tim , Burns Lucy , Lynskey Michael , Memedovic Sonja , White Joanne , Mills Katherine L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsTo identify trajectories of heroin use in Australia, predictors of trajectory group membership and subsequent outcomes among people with heroin dependence over 10–11 years.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingSydney, Australia.ParticipantsA total of 615 participants were recruited between 2001 and 2002 as part of the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (66.2% male; mean age 29 years). The predominance of the cohort (87.0%) was recruited upon entry to treatment (maintenance therapies, detoxification and residential rehabilitation), and the remainder from non‐treatment settings (e.g. needle and syringe programmes). This analysis focused upon 428 participants for whom data on heroin use were available over 10–11 years following study entry.MeasurementsStructured interviews assessed demographics, treatment history, heroin and other drug use, overdose, criminal involvement, physical health and psychopathology. Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to: (i) identify trajectory groups based on use of heroin in each year, (ii) examine predictors of group membership and (iii) examine associations between trajectory group membership and 10–11‐year outcomes.FindingsSix trajectory groups were identified [Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) = –1927.44 (n = 4708); −1901.07 (n = 428)]. One in five (22.1%) were classified as having ‘no decrease‘ in heroin use, with the probability of using remaining high during the 10–11 years (> 0.98 probability of use in each year). One in six (16.1%) were classified as demonstrating a ‘rapid decrease to maintained abstinence’. The probability of heroin use among this group declined steeply in the first 2–3 years and continued to be low (< 0.01). The remaining trajectories represented other fluctuating patterns of use. Few baseline variables were found to predict trajectory group membership, but group membership was predictive of demographic, substance use and physical and mental health outcomes at 10–11 years.ConclusionsLong‐term trajectories of heroin use in Australia appear to show considerable heterogeneity during a decade of follow‐up, with few risk factors predicting group membership. Just more than a fifth continued to use at high levels, while fewer than a fifth become abstinent early on and remained abstinent. The remainder showed fluctuating patterns.
Proximations of Public Religion: Worship, Spiritual Warfare, and the Ritualization of Christian Dance
Authors: Elisha Omri 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis essay is about a group of neo‐Pentecostal evangelists who decided to represent their church in the New York Dance Parade, which they regarded as an opportunity to promote worship as the true purpose of art and engage in spiritual warfare. Their participation was predicated on a distinction between “performance” and “ministry,” privileging the latter. I argue that upholding this distinction in the immersive context of a secular festival required a process of intensive ritualization, involving physical and spiritual preparations and symbolic boundary maintenance. I further argue that anthropological perspectives on such instances of public religion should seek to account for how ritual forms produce and are shaped by the effects of what I call proximation, a condition of “closeness” between categories of activity otherwise regarded as separate and autonomous (e.g., religion and the arts). The concept is a means to explore how religious ministries are influenced by ostensibly external factors and the need to manage them, and by the various opportunities, tensions, and moral associations that arise when ritual strategies evoke comparisons with secular genres and domains. The proximations of religion highlight the ethnographic significance of ideal‐typical categories and spheres, including their potential to intersect, which is a byproduct of how they have been differentiated. [Christianity, ritual, performance, evangelicalism, secularism]
Bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics of (R)‐salbutamol and (S)‐salbutamol enantiomers in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and lung tissue of horses
Authors: Jacobson Glenn A. , Raidal Sharanne , Robson Kate , Narkowicz Christian K. , Nichols David S. , Haydn Walters E. 
Published: January 2017

AimsSalbutamol is usually administered as a racemic mixture but little is known about the enantioselectivity of salbutamol pharmacokinetics in the lung. This study was designed to investigate enantiomer concentrations in lung tissue after inhaled dosing.MethodsHorses (n = 12) received racemic salbutamol 1000 μg via inhalation. Enantioselective ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine salbutamol concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) sampled 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after administration, in central lung (endoscopic bronchial biopsy) and peripheral lung (percutaneous pulmonary biopsy) tissues (at 20 and 25 min respectively), and in plasma samples.ResultsMean ± 95% confidence interval (CI) yield of PELF was 57 ± 10 mg. Initial mean ± 95%CI (R)‐ and (S)‐salbutamol PELF concentrations were 389 ± 189 ng g–1 and 378 ± 177 ng g–1 respectively, and both reduced approximately 50% by 15 min. Mean ± 95%CI central lung levels of drug were higher than peripheral lung tissue for both (R)‐salbutamol (875 ± 945 vs. 49.5 ± 12 ng g–1) and (S)‐salbutamol (877 ± 955 vs. 50.9 ± 12 ng g–1) respectively. There was no evidence of enantioselectivity in PELF or central lung but minor (~2%) enantioselectivity was observed in the peripheral lung. Enantioselectivity was clearly evident in plasma with (S):(R) ratio of 1.25 and 1.14 for both area under the concentration–time curve (0–25 min) and Cmax respectively.ConclusionsPELF sampling in horses offers sufficient yield allowing direct detection of drug and, combined with tissue sampling, is a valuable model to investigate bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics. Salbutamol did not demonstrate enantioselectivity in PELF or central lung tissue uptake following acute dosing, however, enantioselective plasma concentrations were demonstrated, with minor enantioselectivity in the peripheral lung.
Efficacy and safety of adding evogliptin versus sitagliptin for metformin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A 24‐week randomized, controlled trial with open label extension
Authors: Hong Sang‐Mo , Park Cheol‐Young , Hwang Dong‐Min , Han Kyung Ah , Lee Chang Beom , Chung Choon Hee , Yoon Kun‐Ho , Mok Ji‐Oh , Park Kyong Soo , Park Sung‐Woo 
Published: January 2017

AimsThis trial consisted of a 24‐week multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, active‐controlled study and a 52‐week open label extension study to assess the efficacy and safety of evogliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, compared to sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin alone.MethodsAdult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (N = 222) with HbA1c 6.5% to 11% who were receiving stable doses of metformin (≥1000 mg/d) were randomized 1:1 to add‐on evogliptin 5 mg (N = 112) or sitagliptin 100 mg (N = 110) once daily for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy analysis consisted of a comparison of the change from baseline HbA1c at week 24. Non‐inferiority was concluded if the upper limit of the 2‐sided 95% confidence interval for the HbA1c difference between treatments was <0.35%.ResultsMean changes in HbA1c following addition of evogliptin or sitagliptin were −0.59% and −0.65%, respectively. The between‐group difference was 0.06% (2‐sided 95% confidence interval, −0.10 to 0.22), demonstrating non‐inferiority. After the 52‐week treatment, evogliptin caused a persistently decreased level of HbA1c (−0.44% ± 0.65%,
P
< .0001). In general, both treatments were well tolerated, with incidences and types of adverse events comparable between the two groups. Hypoglycaemic events, mostly mild, were reported in 0.9% of patients treated with evogliptin and in 2.8% of patients treated with sitagliptin for 24 weeks.ConclusionsEvogliptin 5 mg added to metformin therapy effectively improved glycaemic control and was non‐inferior to sitagliptin and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that was inadequately controlled by metformin alone.
Elevated CO2 does not exacerbate nutritional stress in larvae of a Pacific flatfish
Authors: Hurst Thomas P. , Laurel Benjamin J. , Hanneman Eric , Haines Scott A. , Ottmar Michele L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMultiple aspects of climate change are expected to co‐occur such that ocean acidification will take place in conjunction with warming and a range of trophic changes. Previous studies have demonstrated that nutritional condition plays a significant role in the responses of invertebrates to ocean acidification, but similar studies have yet to be conducted with marine fishes. In this study, we examined the potential interactive effects of elevated CO2 levels and nutritional stress on the growth and development of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra). Separate experiments examined the effects of these two environmental stressors during the pre‐flexion (3–31 days) and post‐flexion (31–87 days) larval stages. In both stages, the larval feeding regime has a much larger impact on growth rates than did the CO2 level, and there was no observed interaction between stressors. By 31 days post‐hatch, larvae in the high‐feeding treatment were 84.2% heavier than the fish in the low‐feeding treatments, but there was no significant effect of CO2 level on body size or condition. While overall growth rates were faster during the pre‐flexion stage, the effects of food limitation were greater for post‐flexion larvae undergoing metamorphosis, with the high‐feeding treatment fish being 3.3 times as heavy as fish in the low‐feeding treatments. These results have important implications for understanding the impacts of the multi‐faceted nature of climate change on population productivity of commercial fish species in the North Pacific.
Factors associated with unexpected admissions and mortality among low‐functioning older patients receiving home medical care
Authors: Umegaki Hiroyuki , Asai Atushi , Kanda Shigeru , Maeda Keiko , Shimojima Takuya , Nomura Hideki , Kuzuya Masafumi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimThe need for and availability of home medical care for elderly patients with limitations in terms of access to medical facilities has been increasing. We investigated the association between low function, malnutrition, dementia and multicomorbidity with patient prognosis, focusing on unexpected hospital admissions and mortality in elderly non‐cancer patients receiving home care.MethodsThe study included 124 Japanese patients receiving home medical care in the form of regular visits from doctors and nurses for physical and/or mental disability.ResultsOf the patients studied, 36.2% experienced hospital admission. Student's t‐test showed that admitted patients had significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores. Meanwhile, 19.6% of patients died during the course of the study. Student's t‐test showed that older patients had a higher risk of mortality, and significantly lower activities of daily living and Mini‐Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form scores. Cox hazard analysis showed that multicomorbidity was a risk for unexpected hospital admission, and malnutrition was a risk for mortality in frail older adults receiving home medical care.ConclusionsWe found that multicomorbidity was a risk for unexpected hospital admission, and malnutrition was a risk for mortality in frail older adults receiving home medical care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1623–1627.
Effects of rapid aging and lower participation rate among younger adults on the short‐term trend of physical activity in the National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
Authors: Nishi Nobuo , Yoshizawa Takeshi , Okuda Nagako 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimThe National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, has annually monitored two indicators of physical activity in adults. They are contrasting in the association with age; the prevalence of exercise habit is lower and step counts are higher among younger participants. The present study aimed to examine the effects of rapid aging of the Japanese population and the lower participation rate among younger adults on the short‐term trend of two indicators of physical activity using tabulated data.MethodsThe prevalence of exercise habit and step counts by age groups (≥20 years) from 2003 to 2010 were estimated using tabulated data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey by calculating sex‐specific means weighted by age‐specific Japanese population data for each year (population‐weighted estimates) and for a fixed year (2005; age‐standardized estimates). Linear regression analyses were used to test the statistical significance of their trends.ResultsStatistically significant increasing trends in the prevalence of exercise habit were observed for the crude means (P = 0.029), the population‐weighted estimates (P = 0.007) and the age‐standardized estimates (P = 0.016) only in men. Statistically significant decreasing trends in the step counts were observed for the crude means (P = 0.006 in men and P = 0.033 in women) and the population‐weighted estimates (P = 0.008 in men and P = 0.049 in women) both in men and women, but for the age‐standardized estimates (P = 0.039) only in men.ConclusionsThe effects of rapid aging of the Japanese population and the lower participation rate among younger adults on the short‐term trend are not small, and age‐standardization is necessary to observe even the short‐term trend of physical activity data. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1677–1682.
Fear of falling and mortality among community‐dwelling older adults in the Shih‐Pai study in Taiwan: A longitudinal follow‐up study
Authors: Chang Hsiao‐Ting , Chen Hsi‐Chung , Chou Pesus 
Published: January 2017

AimLittle is known about the association between fear of falling (FOF) and the risk of mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between FOF and mortality among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsA total of 3814 older adults aged 65 years and older living in the Shih‐Pai area in Taiwan participated in this 7‐year follow‐up longitudinal study. A structured questionnaire was used to record participants’ FOF, history of falling, demographic characteristics, medical conditions, history of insomnia, depression symptoms and subjective health from 1999 to 2002. Follow‐up all‐cause mortality data were obtained from the National Death Registry of the Department of Health to identify the occurrence of deaths from the initial interview through to 31 December 2008.ResultsAt the baseline assessment, the mean age of the participants was 73.8 ± 5.8 years, 56.4% were men and 53.4% had FOF. Cox regression showed that participants with FOF had an increased risk of mortality (aHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.33) after adjusting for sex, history of falling, age, body mass index, marital status, education level, smoking status, alcohol use, living status, chronic condition, depression and subjective health. Furthermore, FOF was a significant risk factor for male participants (aHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.00–1.38), but had a marginal risk for female participants (aHR 1.24, 95% CI 0.95–1.60) after adjusting for other risk factors, as in the full model except for sex.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that FOF is a significant risk factor of mortality, especially in older male adults. Further research on the mechanism and effects of fear of falling on mortality is necessary. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2216–2223.
Therapeutic effects of drug switching between acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ohta Yasuyuki , Darwish Mohamed , Hishikawa Nozomi , Yamashita Toru , Sato Kota , Takemoto Mami , Abe Koji 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the therapeutic effects of switching from one acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI), donepezil, galantamine or rivastigmine, to another in Alzheimer's disease patients.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 171 Alzheimer's disease patients, whose ChEI medication was changed. The patients were evaluated on three major aspects of dementia – cognitive, affective and activities of daily living (ADL) measures – at 6 months (M) before the drug switch, at the time of drug switch (baseline), and at 3 M and 6 M after the drug switch.ResultsThe doses of the three ChEI were significantly lower at 6 M after the switch compared with the pre‐switch doses. Improvements in apathy were found at 3 M when switching from donepezil to galantamine, but not to rivastigmine, but this switch had adverse effects on ADL. Improvements in cognitive scores at 3 M were also found when switching from galantamine to rivastigmine, but not to donepezil. However, both of these changes improved Abe's Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia scores (ABS), except ADL. Switching from rivastigmine to donepezil worsened ABS at 6 M, but preserved cognitive and ADL scores.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that despite a relatively lower dose of ChEI after the switch, switching from donepezil or rivastigmine preserved cognitive functions for at least 6 M. Switching from galantamine to rivastigmine improved Mini‐Mental State Examination and ABS at 3 M, but did not improve ADL scores. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1843–1848.
Effects of 6 months of aerobic and resistance exercise training on carotid artery intima media thickness in overweight and obese older women
Authors: Park Jinkee , Park Hyuntea 
Published: January 2017

AimWe studied the effects of exercise on carotid intima‐media thickness, luminal diameter, and flow velocity in overweight and obese older women, and the associations between carotid parameters changes and other variables.MethodsA total of 41 overweight and obese older women (aged 65–77 years, fat mass percent ≥ 32%), who were divided into a control group (n = 20) and a supervised combined exercise group (n = 21). The 24‐week combined exercise program (aerobic and resistance exercise) consisted of sessions 40–80 min in length 5 days per week under the supervision of an exercise specialist. Body composition, blood pressure, physical function and carotid variables were assessed. The differences in all variables, and the relative changes between baseline and 24 weeks’ follow up were evaluated.ResultsCarotid intima‐media thickness, systolic carotid luminal diameter, peak systolic flow velocity and end diastolic flow velocity showed a significant group × time interaction. No interaction was observed for diastolic luminal diameter. In the exercise group, the change of carotid intima‐media thickness was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, maximal walking speed, 1‐mile walking time and maximal oxygen uptake. Also, the change of peak systolic flow velocity was significantly associated with skeletal muscle mass, diastolic blood pressure and maximum walking speed.ConclusionsCombined exercise can effectively improve carotid intima‐media thickness in overweight and obese older women. In addition, exercise training increases the systolic carotid luminal diameter and flow velocity in older women. Therefore, regular combined exercise might help prevent atherosclerotic disease by improving the carotid artery. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2304–2310.
How clinical nurses in South Korea perceive the status of the nursing profession: A Q‐methodological approach
Authors: Ha Eun‐Ho 
Published: January 2017

AbstractProfessional self‐image among nurses is shaped by subjective perceptions, feelings, and tacit views. A perceived positive status reflects and influences the nurse's self‐esteem, professional empowerment, and nursing performance. The aim of this study was to examine the perceived status of the nursing profession among clinical nurses in South Korea. Q‐methodology was used with data collected from September to December 2014. Forty‐four Q statements were selected and scored by the 31 participants on a 9‐point scale with normal distribution. The data were analyzed using the pc‐QUANL program. Thirty‐one nurses were classified into 3 factors based on the following viewpoints: as professional (I am proud of my nursing job), subprofessional (I am not proud of my nursing job), and developmental (advocating for change and improvement). The major finding of this study included clinical nurses' subjective perception toward the status of nursing profession. The results indicated that to raise the status of nursing profession, nurses need to understand the value of nursing and their contribution to patients and public.
Why Childhood is Bad for Children
Authors: Hannan Sarah 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article asks whether being a child is, all things considered, good or bad for children. I defend a predicament view of childhood, which regards childhood as bad overall for children. I argue that four features of childhood make it regrettable: impaired capacity for practical reasoning, lack of an established practical identity, a need to be dominated, and profound and asymmetric vulnerability. I consider recent claims in the literature that childhood is good for children since it allows them to enjoy special goods that aren't available in adulthood, or which are harder to access in adulthood. I raise some difficulties for these claims. Then I argue that whatever version of these views survives my criticism will not establish that childhood is overall good for children. This is because the goods of childhood aren't significant enough to outweigh the bad features associated with being a child. I conclude by suggesting that the badness of childhood for children means that we are likely to owe more to children than to adults.