bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field-Validated Models for Predicting Electric Submersible Pump Run Life in Saudi Fields
Authors: Qahtani Abdullah M. , Qahtani Mubarak A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Although reliability analysis has been used for many years in different industries, the more rigorous analyses are relatively new applications in oil fields. Reliability analysis is using statistical analysis for analyzing the expected duration of time until one or more events happen. This technique is best applied in areas with single variable or changing parameter like corrosion rate. ESPs are engineered electromechanical systems having multiple components and materials. Very often, in ESP system, of multiple components and different quality; parametric analysis may not be applicable. This is due to the fact that the efficiency of an electric submersible pump system is function of the multiplied efficiencies of its components, i.e. motor, pump, seal, cable, etc. and hence this is still an area of debate in oil industry. Hence, censoring and data scrutiny, with projection of operational knowledge, would add more sense to the collected data. The use of reliability analysis for the estimation of run life of electrical submersible pump (ESP) has been sparsely applied in the oil field to predict the availability of a mechanical system such ESP. This is of a paramount importance to predict failure and plan for the availability of workover rig to replace ESP's.
This paper present the results of a comparative statistical analysis applied to evaluate the run lives of electric submersible pumps in some Saudi fields using different reliability methods. This was carried out after data scrutinizing and screening to help analyze pump performance and optimize future installations. ESP design system was used to screen out improperly designed applications.
The objective of this study was to investigate the use of statistical analyses in ESP run life calculation, identity what distribution functions best model ESP failure, estimate ESPs' run lives, identify potential improvement in ESP run life (inherent reliability vs. practical), estimate ESP replacement requirements, and compare results with ESP failure reports to explain changes in ESP life's.
Improved Sucker Rod Pumping Systems Performance by Fully Automated Closed Loop and Control Solution
Authors: Ghareeb Mohamed , Sadek Nael , Sbeih Ayham , Elfotouh Abu , Nasser Abdel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The main goal of all production operators is maximizing production and net profit out in a very safe and environmentally controlled manner. When producing difficult fluids from marginal, mature and brown onshore oil fields, Sucker rod (Beam and Progressive Cavity) Pumping systems are typically the most common artificial lift methods used. The primary challenge is to extend the lifting equipment run life, especially the downhole components. For years, operators have been looking for a reliable and accurate way to automatically control these types of lifting systems to improve their reservoir recovery factor by maximizing production.
The best-proven way for operators to make proactive decisions for well / field optimization, is to have a fully automated closed-loop monitoring and control solution for the entire field of artificially lifted wells. This paper will show how the well automation and real time downhole measurements are used in real time to control and optimize the operation parameters and well production to obtain maximum benefits. Some case histories for Beam and Progressive cavity pumping systems from different oil fields will presented.
Cable Concept Evaluation for ESP Rigless Deployment
Authors: Xiao J. J. , Roth Brian , Lastra Rafael , Aramco Saudi , Sarawaq Yahya , Mack John 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper presents results of a comprehensive study on cable design concepts for Electric Submersible Pumping (ESP) rigless deployment. One of the key challenges faced by operators with ESPs is how to efficiently deploy and retrieve these systems. Rig-based, conventional jointed pipe installations are costly for high pressure naturally flowing wells, especially offshore. Over the years, various Cable Deployed ESP (CDESP) concepts and technologies have been proposed and tested. Most of the concepts worked to some degree but very little additional development has been done to optimize the technology. The focus of this study was to conduct state-of-the-art technology review, explore different concepts based on technological and material advancement, and identify the most viable cable design concept for further development.
All aspects of ESP deployment and retrieval have been reviewed to ensure a complete definition of the requirements and technology gaps. The cable has to perform a dual function: to conduct power efficiently and to support the downhole assembly. There are three critical aspects to the development of this cable concept: environmental protection, ability to carry the weight of downhole assembly and cable terminations. One of the key environmental requirements is to withstand 15% H2S concentration. A reliable method for isolating the conductors from H2S exposure is a key requirement. The second key requirement is that the cable needs to have ability to carry its own weight plus the weight of the ESP with additional over pull load capacity. A third key element in the design involves methods to terminate the cable with the ability to transmits power and provide mechanical support.
Several possible cable design concepts were investigated in this study: wire wrapped, copper conductor cable, non-copper conductor cable, and Slick Line Power Cable (SLPC). Taking into consideration of various requirements, it was concluded that SLPC had the most merit. It addressed the issue of H2S permeability as well as handling issues. The size and weight of the system are within reasonable limits making transportation less of an issue. There are fewer different materials used so differential thermal and mechanical force considerations are simplified and electrical and mechanical connections are more straightforward. All of these considerations lead to a development that is less risky and faster than the other options investigated.
Cultural and Linguistic Validation of Foreign Psychometric Instrument -an example of adapting the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation (SL-ASIA) Scale, from English to Indonesian Language-
Authors: Yuniarti Kwartarini Wahyu 
Published: November 2016

This article is to share best practices ofthe author in validating foreign researchinstruments into Indonesian Language.The words of Cultural and LinguisticValidation may not be something newanymore, but the scientific work on theproper cultural and linguistic validation offoreign instruments into Indonesian Lan-guage, in Indonesia, especially psychomet-ric instruments, is probably rarely done.Report of that is very limited, if there isany. Nevertheless, any comments andcritics to this article are most welcomed.
Farmers Commitment in Maintaining Wetted land Ownership Status in Peri-Urban Area of Yogyakarta
Authors: Sudrajat Sudrajat 
Published: November 2016

The existance of wetted land in Peri-urban Yogyakarta can not separated from the farmer’s commitment. This research is aimed to analyze farmer’s commitment in maintaining wetted land ownership status in Peri-Urban Yogyakarta and to identify its influencing factors. This research is conducted in peri-urban area of Yogyakarta by taking some wettted land’s owners who are active in farming, as the respondents. The meaurement of farmer’s commitment indicators are done by likert scale. The result indicated that farmers in Peri-urban area of Yogyakarta have low commitment in maintaining wetted land ownership status. Low level of farmer’s commitment are reflected from the low commitment to prevent the desire to sell the wetted land, to rent out the wetted land for non-agricultural use and to change the wetted land for non-agricultural use. This research also indicated that the low commitment is also significantly influenced by wetted land price, wetted land location, and its social value.
Analysis Community’s Coping Strategies and Local Risk Governance Framework in Relation to Landslide
Authors: Setiawan Heru , Kingma Nanette C. , Westen C.J. Van 
Published: November 2016

Analysis of people perception and analysis of the coping strategy to landslides are the two elements that are es-sential to determine the level of preparedness of communities to landslides. To know the preparedness of government and other stakeholders in facing landslide, the analysis risk governance framework was required. A survey using questionnaires with random sampling was applied to assess the level of people perception and people coping strategy related to landslide. Analysis of risk governance frame work was done at the district and sub-district level. ἀe study found that people perception related with landslide dominated by high and moderate level. Age and education are two factors that inḀuence the people’s perception to landslide. Local people applied four types coping strategy, which are: economic, structural, social and cultural coping strategy. Totally, 51.6% respondents have high level, 33.3% have moderate level and only 15.1% respondents that have low level of coping strategy. ἀe factors that inḀuence the level of coping strategy are education, income and building type. Analysis of risk governance framework is limited to the three components including stakeholder involvement, risk management and risk communication. Based on the data analysis, the level of stakeholder involvement at the district scope was categorized on the moderate till high and the level of stakeholder involvement at sub-district level was categorized on the high level. Generally, the risk management of Karanganyar was categorized on the moderate level and high level and the risk management in Tawangmangu was categorized on the moderate level. ἀere are some elements must be improved on the risk governance framework, those are data management, the pattern of relationships among stakeholders, increased participation of NGOs, constructed and updated landslide risk map, enhancement of microᴀnance role in helping the com-munity when disaster strikes and dissemination of information about the landslide to the local community.
Agricultural Loss Caused by 2007 Sidoharjo’s Flood and its House-hold Impact
Authors: Widiarto Leo Agung , Kingma Nanette 
Published: November 2016

Flood is an undeniable reality that threaten Sidoharjo Village, as part of Sragen District. It is affected by the presence of Mungkung River, the tributary of Solo River, which crosses in the area. It is certainly going to be one of the factors inhibiting the development and economic growth in the region, given the agricultural sector is one of the backbones of the economy potentially disturbed by the flood. The information about the flood and its impacts specifically related to agriculture are needed to determine the precise policies. The research focuses on 2007-flood mapping, agricultural production loss assessment, and farmer resilience, as expressed in their ability to continue the next cropping after being hitten by the 2007-flood. The flood map was built by integrating the local knowledge and the Digital Terrain Model (DTM). The information about 2007 flood was collected by interviewing the local people. The DTM was built by interpolating the detailed spot height directly measured in the field. As the result of the integration, the depth of the flood immersing the paddy fields reaches approximately 3 meters. Beside the flood depth, the growth stage of rice also determines the paddy vulnerability. It refers to the plant height and the sensitivity to the water immersion. There are three stages i.e. vegetative, generative, and graining phases. The vulnerabilities were constructed based on the synthetic data obtained via Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The production loss of paddy of the research area was counted based on the vulnerability. A grid-based GIS method is used in the loss calculation which produces a value of Rp. 1,137,350,000.00 (about USD 100,000.00). The losses influence the farmer ability to continue the cultivation in the next season, which in this study is defined as farmer resilience. To investigate the resilience level, 32 respondents were proportionally randomized to each flood zone. There are three zones created based on the flood depth. The influencing factors and their weights and scores were determined by the farmer representatives via FGD. Meanwhile, the socioeconomic data were collected by using the questionnaires. The results show that most of the farmers in the area (56.3%) are categorized in moderate resilience level.
HUMANITIES IN INDONESIA FOR A GLOBAL AGE
Authors: Reid Anthony 
Published: November 2016

The 70th Anniversary provides an opportunity for reflection on the development of the Humanities in Indonesia, the achievements and the disappointments of a remarkable period. Indonesian Humanities scholars, and specifically those at UGM, have much to be proud of. They have built professional critical methods in a completely new language and context, without losing the critical approach to evidence. There have however been some disappointments and losses. Bahasa Indonesia’s gain has been many other languages’ loss. There is a danger that Humanities, in Indonesia as everywhere, may allow themselves to be restricted to a kind of heritage industry, preserving and coding the culture of ‘us’, as opposed to the complex interactions of the planet and beyond. The best way to counter the long-term decline of Humanities in the university may be the opposite, to embrace cultural diversity and interdependence.
OPTIMALISASI KEMAMPUAN DETEKSI DINI DAN MITIGASI RISIKO KONFLIK OLEH SATUAN KORAMIL DALAM PENCEGAHAN TERJADINYA KONFLIK SOSIAL DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN WILAYAH (Studi Di Koramil 05/Pasar Kliwon, Kodim 0735/Surakarta, Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Mulyono Sri Widodo 
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menentukan kondisi dan implementasi kemampuan deteksi dini terhadap potensi konflik sosial yang dilakukan oleh Koramil 05/Pasar Kliwon, dan untuk mengevaluasi langkah-langkah strategi guna mengoptimalkan peran dari Koramil 05/Pasar Kliwon, terutama dalam deteksi dini dan mitigasi dini atas resiko konflik sosial agar mendukung ketahanan wilayahPenelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang menekankan pada penelitian lapangan dengan teknik pengumpulan data sebagaimana dilakukan dalam penelitian kuatlitatif. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari bahan-bahan kepustakaan buku, jurnal, situs internet, dan sumber-sumber kepustakaan lainnya untuk mendiskripsikan fakta-fakta serta fenomena yang terjadi dan berhubungan dengan optimalisasi kemampuan deteksi dini dan mitigasi konflik sosial oleh Koramil dalam perannya mendukung pemerintah daerah membangun ketahanan wilayah.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kendala yang dihadapi Koramil yaitu terbatasnya SDM, sarana prasarana, koordinasi dan komunikasi, anggaran. Upaya mengatasi kendala yang ada dilakukan melalui optimalisasi kemampuan Koramil dengan penguatan organisasinya dukungan komando atas, pemerintah daerah serta unsur terkait lainnya agar dapat melaksanakan pencegahan terjadinya konflik sosial melalui kegiatan deteksi dini dan mitigasi konflik sosial. Keberhasilan kegiatan deteksi dini dan mitigasi konflik sosial yang dilakukan Koramil 05/Pasarkliwon berhasil menekan potensi konflik sosial yang ada dan berhasil memitigasi konflik sosial, sehingga dapat mewujudkan pembangunan ketahanan wilayah yang menyentuh berbagai aspek kehidupan
Cytogenetic analysis of rat pancreatic cell cultures at early passages
Authors: Kovpak V. , Kovpak O. 
Published: November 2016

Cell culture obtained from the pancreas can serve as a source of physiologically competent substitute for primary islets of Langerhans in the treatment of diabetes. However, it is possible to obtain the required number of cells only at long-term cultivation in vitro. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the risks of neoplastic transformation of cells in vitro before transplantation.Materials and methods. Cell culture was obtained by explant method from pancreas of 12-day-old rats. Cell cultures of the first to sixth passages were used for the cytogenetic analysis. In this study the number of cells with altered karyotype, cells with micronuclei, binucleated cells and the cells in a state of apoptosis were considered, mitotic index was calculated.Results. Aneuploid cells were noted at all passages in an amount of 2.2 % (1st) to 16.6 % (4th). Polyploidy manifested in a population of cells from the second (1.1 %) to the sixth passage (4.4 %) with a maximum at passage four (7.8 %). A significant increase in their number was observed since the second passage (0.3 %). We have seen a significant increase in the number of binucleated cells from the first (0.1 %) to the sixth passage (0.8 %). During the study there was a decrease in mitotic index from the first (2.7 %), to the third passage (1.5 %) and its gradual increase in fourth (1.7 %) and sixth (2.0 %) passages. In addition, there was discovered a small percentage of cells in apoptosis, their number gradually increased to the 4th passage (0.5 %). The 5th-6th passages showed decrease in the number of apoptotic cells to 0.1 %.Conclusion. There have been revealed changes in the rat pancreatic cells culture as aneuploidies, polyploidies and micronuclei, the intensity of which varied depending on the passage. However, karyotype variability of mentioned cell did not exceed the level of spontaneous mutations characteristic of mammalians.
Synthesis, Surface and Biological Activities of Cationic Surfactants Based on Glycine Moiety
Authors: Abdel-Salam Fatma H. , Baker Sharbat A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo series of cationic surfactants based on glycine molecule as sulfonate salt of N,N-diethyl glycine fatty esters having a hydrocarbon chain length of C12,C16 and C18 followed by quaternerization with ethyl iodide were synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed using IR,1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The surface activity of these amphiphiles has been determined by measurement of their surface tension. Parameters like surface tension (γ), critical micelle concentration (cmc), effectiveness (Πcmc), efficiency (pC20), maximum surface excess (Γmax), minimum surface area (Amin) and Gibbs free energy of the micellization (ΔGmic) and adsorption (ΔGads) have been determined from the measurements obtained by surface tension method. All these surfactants showed much lower CMC values compared to the similar hydrophobic chain length surfactant. All synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their biological activity against bacteria and fungi.
Solubility and Durability of Cardanol Derived Plasticizers for Soft PVC
Authors: Greco A. , Ferrari F. , Velardi R. , Frigione M. , Maffezzoli A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The aim of this work is the analysis of the suitability of cardanol derivatives as primary plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Cardanol derived plasticizers (CDP) were obtained by acetylation of cardanol, followed by epoxidation of the side chain double bonds. The developed procedures allowed to achieve high yields of acetylated cardanol, whereas plasticizers characterized by different yields of epoxidation were obtained, according to the used synthesis procedure. Rheological analysis was used in order to study the gelation process of PVC plastisols with CDP. A comparison of commercial phthalate and natural derived plasticizers showed that the CDP are characterized by adequate gelation properties, involving a complete absorption of the plasticizers at relatively low temperatures. The gelation properties showed a strong dependence on the yield of the epoxidation. In particular, lower gelation temperatures, higher plasticizer absorption and faster gelation were observed for higher epoxy content in the plasticizer. Finally, ageing tests were performed on soft PVC produced by the CDP. The weight loss of soft PVC with CDP is comparable to that of commercial plasticizers, particularly at high yields of epoxidation.
Thirty Years of Modeling of Injection Molding. A Brief Review of the Contribution of UNISA Code to the Field
Authors: Pantani R. , Speranza V. , Titomanlio G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
UNISA code, a software for the analysis and modeling of injection molding, was born at the University of Palermo in Italy in the 1980s. Afterwards, in the 1990s, it was rewritten and expanded at the University of Salerno (Italy) and continuously improved over the years. It is a study code, aimed at understanding rather than simulating. It has the unique characteristic of describing, since the early versions, the morphology of the molded samples. Furthermore, it always implemented the interrelationships among the different material properties (crystallinity, viscosity, density). In this work, the evolution of the software is reviewed, placed in the background, underlining the contribution given to the understanding of polymer processing and morphology evolution. Eventually, the future challenges of modeling are presented.
Ensemble Pruning for Glaucoma Detection in an Unbalanced Data Set
Authors: Gefeller Olaf , Gul Asma , Horn Folkert , Khan Zardad , Lausen Berthold , Adler Werner 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackground: Random forests are successful classifier ensemble methods consisting of typically 100 to 1000 classification trees. Ensemble pruning techniques reduce the computational cost, especially the memory demand, of random forests by reducing the number of trees without relevant loss of performance or even with increased perfor -mance of the sub-ensemble. The application to the problem of an early detection of glaucoma, a severe eye disease with low prevalence, based on topographical measurements of the eye background faces specific challenges.Objectives: We examine the performance of ensemble pruning strategies for glaucoma detection in an unbalanced data situation.Methods: The data set consists of 102 topo-graphical features of the eye background of 254 healthy controls and 55 glaucoma patients. We compare the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the Brier score on the total data set, in the majority class, and in the minority class of pruned random forest ensembles obtained with strategies based on the prediction accuracy of greedily grown sub-ensembles, the uncertainty weighted accuracy, and the similarity between single trees. To validate the findings and to examine the influence of the prevalence of glaucoma in the data set, we additionally perform a simulation study with lower prevalences of glaucoma.Results: In glaucoma classification all three pruning strategies lead to improved AUC and smaller Brier scores on the total data set with sub-ensembles as small as 30 to 80 trees compared to the classification results obtained with the full ensemble consisting of 1000 trees. In the simulation study, we were able to show that the prevalence of glaucoma is a critical factor and lower prevalence decreases the performance of our pruning strategies.Conclusions: The memory demand for glaucoma classification in an unbalanced data situation based on random forests could effectively be reduced by the application of pruning strategies without loss of perfor -mance in a population with increased risk of glaucoma.