bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implant Strategy–Specific Changes in Symptoms in Response to Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Lee Christopher S. , Gelow Jill M. , Chien Christopher V. , Hiatt Shirin O. , Bidwell Julie T. , Denfeld Quin E. , Grady Kathleen L. , Mudd James O. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Although we know that the quality of life generally improves after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, we know little about how symptoms change in response to LVAD.

Methods:
The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in symptoms between bridge and destination therapy patients as part of a prospective cohort study. Physical (dyspnea and wake disturbances) and affective symptoms (depression and anxiety) were measured before LVAD and at 1, 3, and 6 months after LVAD. Multiphase growth modeling was used to capture the 2 major phases of change: initial improvements between preimplant and 1 month after LVAD and subsequent improvements between 1 and 6 months after LVAD.

Results:
The sample included 64 bridge and 22 destination therapy patients as the preimplant strategy. Destination patients had worse preimplant dyspnea and wake disturbances, and they experienced greater initial improvements in these symptoms compared with bridge patients (all P < .05); subsequent change in both symptoms were similar between groups (both P > .05). Destination patients had worse preimplant depression (P = .042) but experienced similar initial and subsequent improvements in depression in response to LVAD compared with bridge patients (both P > .05). Destination patients had similar preimplant anxiety (P = .279) but experienced less initial and greater subsequent improvements in anxiety after LVAD compared with bridge patients (both P < .05).

Conclusion:
There are many differences in the magnitude and timing of change in symptom responses to LVAD between bridge and destination therapy patients. Detailed information on changes in specific symptoms may better inform shared decision-making regarding LVAD.
Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction Supplementation Improves Cognitive Functioning in Schizophrenia
Authors: Bruno Antonio , Pandolfo Gianluca , Crucitti Manuela , Cedro Clemente , Zoccali Rocco Antonio , Muscatello Maria Rosaria Anna 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Novel treatment strategies for cognitive dysfunctions may prevent long-term disability in patients with schizophrenia, and polyphenolic compounds might be a promising strategy. Bergamot (Citrus bergamia), a citrus fruit characterized by a high amount of flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, may represent a potential nutraceutical approach to cognitive dysfunction. The present study was aimed to explore the efficacy of bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) supplementation on cognitive/executive functioning in a sample of patients with schizophrenia receiving second-generation antipsychotics.

Methods
Twenty outpatients treated with second-generation antipsychotics assumed BPF at an oral daily dose of 1000 mg/d for 8 weeks. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Verbal Fluency Task-Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Stroop Color-Word Test were administered.

Results
At end point, (week 8) BPF supplementation significantly improved WCST “perseverative errors” (P = 0.004) and semantic fluency test (P = 0.004). Moreover, a trend for other cognitive variable (WCST “categories,” phonemic fluency, and Stroop Color-Word Test) improvement was observed.

Conclusions
The findings provide evidence that BPF administration may be proposed as a potential supplementation strategy to improve cognitive outcome in schizophrenia. Further clinical trials with adequately powered and well-designed methodology are needed to better explore the BPF effectiveness on cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia.
Surgical Management of a Persistent Stapedial Artery: A Review
Authors: Goderie Thadé Pieter Marie , Alkhateeb Waiel Hussain Fadhlallah , Smit Conrad Frits , Hensen Erik Frans 
Published: June 2017

Objective:To evaluate the outcome and per- and postoperative complications of the surgical management of patients with a persistent stapedial artery (PSA).Methods:A systemic literature search for reports on patients treated for pulsatile tinnitus and/or conductive hearing loss caused by a PSA was conducted of the PubMed and Embase databases using the terms “stapedial” and “artery.” Inclusion criteria were adequate description of the intervention and pre- and postoperative signs and symptoms. In addition, one case of a PSA, treated at VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands, was included in this series.Intervention:Middle ear surgery consisting of stapedotomy or stapedectomy, and/or transection of the PSA.Main Outcome Measures:Pre- and postoperative hearing levels, pre- and postoperative pulsatile tinnitus, and per- and postoperative complications.Results:Seventeen patients and 18 operated ears were evaluated (16 patients described in 14 articles and our case). Twelve out of 14 ears in which a stapedotomy or stapedectomy was initiated experienced improvement in hearing. In four cases pulsatile tinnitus was described pre- and postoperatively. In all four, pulsatile tinnitus subsided after transection of the PSA. Peroperative bleeding from the PSA was described in four patients, which could be controlled during the procedure. No significant postoperative sequelae were reported.Conclusions:In case of a PSA, improvement of conductive hearing loss is best achieved by stapes surgery, while pulsatile tinnitus is effectively treated with transection of the PSA. To date no long-term postoperative complications have been reported.
Muscle mass and physical recovery in ICU: innovations for targeting of nutrition and exercise
Authors: Wischmeyer Paul E. , Puthucheary Zudin , San Millán Iñigo , Butz Daniel , Grocott Michael P.W. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
We have significantly improved hospital mortality from sepsis and critical illness in last 10 years; however, over this same period we have tripled the number of ‘ICU survivors’ going to rehabilitation. Furthermore, as up to half the deaths in the first year following ICU admission occur post-ICU discharge, it is unclear how many of these patients ever returned home or a meaningful quality of life. For those who do survive, recent data reveals many ‘ICU survivors’ will suffer significant functional impairment or post-ICU syndrome (PICS). Thus, new innovative metabolic and exercise interventions to address PICS are urgently needed. These should focus on optimal nutrition and lean body mass (LBM) assessment, targeted nutrition delivery, anabolic/anticatabolic strategies, and utilization of personalized exercise intervention techniques, such as utilized by elite athletes to optimize preparation and recovery from critical care.

Recent findings
New data for novel LBM analysis technique such as computerized tomography scan and ultrasound analysis of LBM are available showing objective measures of LBM now becoming more practical for predicting metabolic reserve and effectiveness of nutrition/exercise interventions. 13C-Breath testing is a novel technique under study to predict infection earlier and predict over-feeding and under-feeding to target nutrition delivery. New technologies utilized routinely by athletes such as muscle glycogen ultrasound also show promise. Finally, the role of personalized cardiopulmonary exercise testing to target preoperative exercise optimization and post-ICU recovery are becoming reality.

Summary
New innovative techniques are demonstrating promise to target recovery from PICS utilizing a combination of objective LBM and metabolic assessment, targeted nutrition interventions, personalized exercise interventions for prehabilitation and post-ICU recovery. These interventions should provide hope that we will soon begin to create more ‘survivors’ and fewer victim's post-ICU care.
Being Fully Present
Authors: Walker Amy J. , Lewis Frances M. , Al-Mulla Hebah , Alzawad Zainab , Chi Nai-Ching 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Oncology nurses can assist patients in gaining skills and confidence in multiple areas of illness self-management, including parenting skills. Child-rearing parents with cancer are a unique population because they must self-manage their illness and also help their child manage the intrusion of cancer on everyday life. The telephone offers an inexpensive channel for nurses to assist mothers in developing competencies to parent their child. The acceptability and attributed gains from such telephone services are unknown.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to (1) describe the gains child-rearing mothers attribute to participation in a nurse-delivered telephone cancer parenting program and (2) assess mothers’ evaluation of the telephone as a channel for delivering the program.

Methods:
Study participants were child-rearing mothers diagnosed with cancer (N = 31) who had completed a manualized telephone-delivered cancer parenting program by a nurse. Mothers were interviewed 1 month after exiting the program by a specially trained interviewer masked on the content of the program.

Results:
Most mothers were white (74%), highly educated, and had breast cancer (93.5%). Mothers attributed gains from the program in 3 areas: (1) being fully present for my child, (2) communicating in new ways, and (3) putting away my assumptions.

Conclusions:
Communication skills learned from nurses can assist mothers to self-manage the impact of the cancer on their own well-being and add to their parenting skills and competencies to help their children.

Implications for Practice:
The telephone is an effective and indeed preferred channel for delivering services to child-rearing parents impacted by cancer.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Eliminates Racial Disparities in Postoperative Length of Stay After Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Wahl Tyler S. , Goss Lauren E. , Morris Melanie S. , Gullick Allison A. , Richman Joshua S. , Kennedy Gregory D. , Cannon Jamie A. , Vickers Selwyn M. , Knight Sara J. , Simmons Jeffrey W. , Chu Daniel I. 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
To investigate the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on racial disparities in postoperative length of stay (pLOS) after colorectal surgery.

Background:
Racial disparities in surgical outcomes exist. We hypothesized that ERAS would reduce disparities in pLOS between black and white patients.

Methods:
Patients undergoing ERAS in 2015 were 1:1 matched by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and procedure to a pre-ERAS group from 2010 to 2014. After stratification by race/ethnicity, expected pLOS was calculated using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Risk Calculator. Primary outcome was the observed pLOS and observed-to-expected difference in pLOS. Secondary outcomes were National Surgical Quality Improvement Project postoperative complications including 30-day readmissions and mortality. Adjusted sensitivity analyses on pLOS were also performed.

Results:
Of 420 patients (210 ERAS and 210 pre-ERAS) examined, 28.3% were black. Black and white patients were similar in age, body mass index, sex, American Anesthesia Association class, and minimally invasive approaches. Within the pre-ERAS group, black patients stayed a mean of 2.7 days longer than expected compared with white patients (P < 0.05). Overall, ERAS patients had a significantly shorter pLOS (5.7 vs 8 days) and observed-to-expected difference (−0.7 vs 1.4 days) compared with pre-ERAS patients (P < 0.01). In the ERAS group, disparities in pLOS were reduced with no differences in readmissions or mortality between black and white patients. On sensitivity analyses, race/ethnicity remained a significant predictor of pLOS among pre-ERAS patients, but not for ERAS patients.

Conclusions:
ERAS eliminated racial differences in pLOS between black and white patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Reduced pLOS occurred without increases in mortality, readmissions, and most postoperative complications. ERAS may provide a practical approach to reducing disparities in surgical outcomes.
Outcomes of Lymphedema Microsurgery for Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema With or Without Microvascular Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Engel Holger , Lin Chia-Yu , Huang Jung-Ju , Cheng Ming-Huei 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
This study investigated the outcome of lymphedema microsurgery with or without microsurgical breast reconstruction for breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL).

Background:
Complete decongestive therapy, lymphovenous anastomosis, and vascularized lymph node flap transfer are the 3 major treatment modalities for BCRL. Releasing axillary contracture and transferring a free flap may potentially improve the BCRL.

Methods:
Between 2004 and 2015, 124 patients with BCRL who underwent 3 treatment modalities without or with microsurgical breast reconstruction were included in this study as groups I and II, respectively. Patients were offered the lymphedema microsurgery depending on the availability of patent lymphatic ducts on indocyanine green lymphography if they failed to complete decongestive therapy. The circumferential difference, reduction rate, and episodes of cellulitis were used to evaluate the outcome of treatments.

Results:
Improvements in the circumferential difference (12.8 ± 4.2% vs 11.5 ± 5.3%), the reduction rate (20.4 ± 5.1% vs 14.7 ± 6%), and episodes of cellulitis (1.7 ± 1.1 vs 2.1 ± 2.4 times/yr) did not significantly differ between groups I and II (P = 0.06, 0.07, and 0.06, respectively). In both groups, vascularized lymph node flap transfer was significantly superior to lymphovenous anastomosis or complete decongestive therapy in terms of improvements in the circumferential difference, reduction rate and episodes of cellulitis (P = 0.04, 0.04, and 0.06, respectively).

Conclusions:
Microsurgical breast reconstruction did not improve the outcome of BCRL. Improvements in BCRL were better for lymphatic microsurgery than complete decongestive therapy. Moreover, vascularized lymph node flap transfer provided greater improvements in the BCRL than lymphovenous anastomosis.
Sirolimus Increases T-Cell Abundance in the Sun Exposed Skin of Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Burke Michael Thomas , Sambira Nahum Lauren C. , Isbel Nicole M. , Carroll Robert P. , Soyer Hans Peter , Francis Ross , Bridge Jennifer Anne , Hawley Carmel , Oliver Kimberly , Staatz Christine E. , Wells James William 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) receiving the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor sirolimus may display a reduced risk of skin cancer development compared to KTRs receiving calcineurin inhibitors. Despite studies investigating the effects of these 2 drug classes on T cells in patient blood, the effect these drugs may have in patient skin is not yet known.MethodsFifteen patients with chronic kidney disease (not recipients of immunosuppressive drugs), and 30 KTRs (15 receiving a calcineurin inhibitor, and 15 receiving sirolimus) provided matched samples of blood, sun exposed (SE) and non-SE skin. The abundance of total CD8+and CD4+T cells, memory CD8+and CD4+T cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells in each sample was then assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsSirolimus treatment significantly increased absolute numbers of CD4+T cells, memory CD8+- and CD4+T cells, and Treg cells in SE skin versus paired samples of non-SE skin. No differences were found in the absolute number of any T cell subset in the blood. Correlation analysis revealed that the percentage of T cell subsets in the blood does not always accurately reflect the percentage of T-cell subsets in the skin of KTRs. Furthermore, sirolimus significantly disrupts the balance of memory CD4+T cells in the skin after chronic sun exposure.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that immunosuppressive drug class and sun exposure modify the abundance of multiple T-cell subsets in the skin of KTRs. Correlation analysis revealed that the prevalence of Treg cells in KTR blood does not accurately reflect the prevalence of Treg cells in KTR skin.
The impact of induced anxiety on affective response inhibition
Authors: Aylward Jessica , Valton Vincent , Goer Franziska , Mkrtchian Anahit , Lally Níall , Peters Sarah , Limbachya Tarun , Robinson Oliver J. 
Published: June 2017

Studying the effects of experimentally induced anxiety in healthy volunteers may increase our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning anxiety disorders. Experimentally induced stress (via threat of unpredictable shock) improves accuracy at withholding a response on the sustained attention to response task (SART), and in separate studies improves accuracy to classify fearful faces, creating an affective bias. Integrating these findings, participants at two public science engagement events (
n
= 46,
n
= 55) were recruited to explore the effects of experimentally induced stress on an affective version of the SART. We hypothesized that we would see an improved accuracy at withholding a response to affectively congruent stimuli (i.e. increased accuracy at withholding a response to fearful ‘no-go’ distractors) under threat of shock. Induced anxiety slowed reaction time, and at the second event quicker responses were made to fearful stimuli. However, we did not observe improved inhibition overall during induced anxiety, and there was no evidence to suggest an interaction between induced anxiety and stimulus valence on response accuracy. Indeed Bayesian analysis provided decisive evidence against this hypothesis. We suggest that the presence of emotional stimuli might make the safe condition more anxiogenic, reducing the differential between conditions and knocking out any threat-potentiated improvement.
Culture moderates changes in linguistic self-presentation and detail provision when deceiving others
Authors: Taylor Paul J. , Larner Samuel , Conchie Stacey M. , Menacere Tarek 
Published: June 2017

Change in our language when deceiving is attributable to differences in the affective and cognitive experience of lying compared to truth telling, yet these experiences are also subject to substantial individual differences. On the basis of previous evidence of cultural differences in self-construal and remembering, we predicted and found evidence for cultural differences in the extent to which truths and lies contained self (versus other) references and perceptual (versus social) details. Participants (
N
= 320) of Black African, South Asian, White European and White British ethnicity completed a catch-the-liar task in which they provided genuine and fabricated statements about either their past experiences or an opinion and counter-opinion. Across the four groups we observed a trend for using more/fewer first-person pronouns and fewer/more third-person pronouns when lying, and a trend for including more/fewer perceptual details and fewer/more social details when lying. Contrary to predicted cultural differences in emotion expression, all participants showed more positive affect and less negative affect when lying. Our findings show that liars deceive in ways that are congruent with their cultural values and norms, and that this may result in opposing changes in behaviour.
Local-Global Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex From Intrinsic Functional Connectivity MRI
Authors: Schaefer Alexander , Kong Ru , Gordon Evan M. , Laumann Timothy O. , Zuo Xi-Nian , Holmes Avram J. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Yeo B. T. Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA central goal in systems neuroscience is the parcellation of the cerebral cortex into discrete neurobiological “atoms”. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) offers the possibility ofin-vivohuman cortical parcellation. Almost all previous parcellations relied on one of two approaches. The local gradient approach detects abrupt transitions in functional connectivity patterns. These transitions potentially reflect cortical areal boundaries defined by histology or visuotopic fMRI. By contrast, the global similarity approach clusters similar functional connectivity patterns regardless of spatial proximity, resulting in parcels with homogeneous (similar) rs-fMRI signals. Here we propose a gradient-weighted Markov Random Field (gwMRF) model integrating local gradient and global similarity approaches. Using task-fMRI and rs-fMRI across diverse acquisition protocols, we found gwMRF parcellations to be more homogeneous than four previously published parcellations. Furthermore, gwMRF parcellations agreed with the boundaries of certain cortical areas defined using histology and visuotopic fMRI. Some parcels captured sub-areal (somatotopic and visuotopic) features that likely reflect distinct computational units within known cortical areas. These results suggest that gwMRF parcellations reveal neurobiologically meaningful features of brain organization and are potentially useful for future applications requiring dimensionality reduction of voxel-wise fMRI data. Multi-resolution parcellations generated from 1489 participants are available (https://github.com/ThomasYeoLab/CBIG/tree/master/stable_projects/brain_parcellation/Schaefer2018_LocalGlobal)
Matryoshka: Ratiometric biosensors from a nested cassette of green- and orange-emitting fluorescent proteins
Authors: Ast Cindy , Foret Jessica , Oltrogge Luke M. , De Michele Roberto , Kleist Thomas J. , Ho Cheng-Hsun , Frommer Wolf B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSensitivity, dynamic and detection range as well as exclusion of expression and instrumental artifacts are critical for the quantitation of data obtained with fluorescent protein (FP)-based biosensorsin vivo. Current biosensors designs are, in general, unable to simultaneously meet all these criteria. Here, we describe a generalizable platform to create dual-FP biosensors with large dynamic ranges by employing a single FP-cassette, named GO-(Green-Orange) Matryoshka. The cassette nests a stable reference FP (large Stokes shift LSSmOrange) within a reporter FP (circularly permuted green FP). GO-Matryoshka yields green and orange fluorescence upon blue excitation. As proof of concept, we converted existing, single-emission biosensors into a series of ratiometric calcium sensors (MatryoshCaMP6s) and ammonium transport activity sensors (AmTryoshka1;3). We additionally identified the internal acid-base equilibrium as a key determinant of the GCaMP dynamic range. Matryoshka technology promises flexibility in the design of a wide spectrum of ratiometric biosensors and expandedin vivoapplications.
Extreme conservation of miRNA complements in Opisthorchiids
Authors: Ovchinnikov Vladimir Y. , Mordvinov Viatcheslav A. , Fromm Bastian 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in parasite-host communication and potential biomarkers for the detection of parasitic infections from host blood. Consequently, it is crucial to precisely know the miRNA complements of medically important agents such as the liver flukes of the Opisthorchiidae. Using publicly available and new datasets we curated and reannotated the surprisingly small and variable miRNA complements previously described forOpistorchis viverrini, O. felineusandClonorchis sinesis.We find three highly similar miRNA complements with 53 identical and two miRNA genes with species specific sequences that signify a set of potential biomarkers and promising candidates for further investigations.