bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calling Iranian learners of L2 English: effect of gloss type on lexical retention and reading performance under different learning conditions
Authors: Sadeghi Karim , Khezrlou Sima , Modirkhameneh Sima 
Published: October 2016

This study sought to compare how three different gloss types (text–picture, text–audio and text–picture–audio) affected English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' reading comprehension and vocabulary acquisition. The study also compared how results on comprehension and vocabulary acquisition differed across three learning conditions (i.e., incidental, intentional and explicit instruction). A between‐groups design was employed with four groups (N = 135) of Iranian university learners of L2 English. The participants (with upper‐intermediate proficiency level) read English texts. Written recall and multiple‐choice questions were used to measure reading comprehension; vocabulary knowledge scale (VKS) and contextualized vocabulary knowledge test (CVKT) were used to assess vocabulary acquisition. Results of statistical analyses revealed that while the text–picture–audio gloss type consistently resulted in better vocabulary learning and reading comprehension, the learning conditions varied in terms of their immediate and delayed effect on vocabulary and reading scores. This study suggests that learner performances across gloss types are condition specific and provides both pedagogical and theoretical implications.What is already known about this topic

Electronic glosses foster reading comprehension and vocabulary acquisition.
There are different positions about the effectiveness of form focused instruction in grammar, with the focus on forms approach having a higher acceptable rate in SLA. But, this issue has been rarely researched in vocabulary acquisition.
What this paper adds

This study supports the complementary nature of dual annotations in vocabulary learning and reading comprehension.
This study extends the issue of form focused instruction to vocabulary learning by comparing the incidental, intentional and incidental–intentional learning orientations.
This study evaluates the interaction between the multiple gloss types and the learning orientations.
Implications for theory, policy or practice

This study provides both pedagogical and theoretical implications.
Vitamin D, pre‐eclampsia, and preterm birth among pregnancies at high risk for pre‐eclampsia: an analysis of data from a low‐dose aspirin trial
Authors: Gernand AD , Simhan HN , Baca KM , Caritis S , Bodnar LM 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the relation between maternal vitamin D status and risk of pre‐eclampsia and preterm birth in women at high risk for pre‐eclampsia.DesignAnalysis of prospectively collected data and blood samples from a trial of prenatal low‐dose aspirin.SettingThirteen sites across the USA.PopulationWomen at high risk for pre‐eclampsia.MethodsWe measured 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in stored maternal serum samples drawn at 12–26 weeks’ gestation (n = 822). We used mixed effects models to examine the association between 25(OH)D and risk of pre‐eclampsia and preterm birth, controlling for confounders including prepregnancy BMI and race.Main outcome measuresPre‐eclampsia and preterm birth.ResultsTwelve percent of women were vitamin D deficient [25(OH)D <30 nmol/l]. Women with 25(OH)D <30 versus ≥75 nmol/l had a 2.4‐fold (95% CI 1.0–5.6) higher risk of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia (<35 weeks’ gestation) after confounder adjustment. Women with 25(OH)D <50 nmol/l had a 1.8‐fold (95% CI 1.0–3.2) increased risk of preterm birth at <35 weeks compared with women who had 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/l, which was driven by indicated preterm births at <35 weeks’ gestation [25(OH)D <50 versus ≥75 nmol/l adjusted RR 2.5 (95% CI 1.1–5.8)]. There was no association between vitamin D status and pre‐eclampsia or preterm birth at <37 weeks.ConclusionMaternal vitamin D status in the second trimester was inversely associated with risk of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia and preterm birth at <35 weeks in women at high risk for pre‐eclampsia.Tweetable abstractVitamin D is inversely related to risk of pre‐eclampsia and preterm birth at <35 weeks in high‐risk pregnancies.
Housing Preferences of Asian and Hispanic/Latino Immigrants in the United States: A Melting Pot or Salad Bowl
Authors: Wu Yi , Sah Vivek , Tidwell Alan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSeveral factors affecting household formations of first‐ and second‐generation Asian and Hispanic/Latino immigrants are identified, including contextual social interaction effects. Using household data from the American Housing Survey and Public Use Micro‐data Sample, we find that first‐generation Asian and Hispanic/Latino immigrants are more likely to live in coresidence households; and this is influenced by immigrant gender, age, education, income, employment and density. Education and income are inversely related to coresiding, while higher immigrant density increases the propensity to coreside. Contextual effects reveal that neighborhoods with a relatively large Caucasian average household size increase coresidence behavior among immigrants; and the income of Caucasians living in the area is inversely related to immigrant coresiding behavior. Second‐generation Asian immigrants are more likely to live independently, while second‐generation Hispanic/Latino immigrants have a higher propensity to coreside; however, they are influenced contextually by geographic household and income patterns. We further specify findings by considering local housing price, the fusion of immigrants in the United States, agglomeration of immigrants in central city and a comparison between immigrants in United States and similarly aged natives in China. Our results are robust to potential sample‐selection bias and social interaction boundary selection bias.
End‐of‐life issues: Withdrawal and withholding of life‐sustaining healthcare in the emergency department: A comparison between emergency physicians and emergency registrars: A sub‐study
Authors: Richardson Philip G , Greenslade Jaimi , Isoardi Jonathon , Davey Michael , Gillett Mark , Tucker Alicia , Klim Sharon , Kelly Anne‐Maree , Abdelmahmoud Ibrahim 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated and compared the importance of the considerations and discussions when withdrawing and withholding life‐sustaining healthcare between emergency physicians (EP) and emergency registrars (ER).MethodsThis was a sub‐study of a prospective cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based case series conducted in six EDs. Primary outcomes were, which of the discussion and considerations, were rated most important by EP and ER in the decision‐making process.ResultsWe studied responses relating to the care of 320 patients, of which 49.4% were women and the median age was 83 (interquartile range [IQR] 72–88). EP and ER were sole decision‐makers in 185 (39.7%) and 135 (30.0%) of cases, respectively. Treatment was withdrawn or withheld in 72.0 and 90.6% of all deaths by EP and ER, respectively (P < 0.001). EP and ER provided full treatment in 88 (34%) and 19 (12.7%) of cases, respectively (P < 0.05). The consideration rated most important was prognosis: 165 (90.2%, confidence interval: 85.0–93.7) and 121 (90.3%, confidence interval: 84.1–94.2) for EP and ER, respectively. ER rated co‐morbidities and age more important than did EP (P < 0.05). Both rated discussions with family as very important. EP and ER referred 6.0% versus 11.9% patients to palliative care services, respectively. The proportion of patients taking longer than 24 h to die was higher for ER compared with that for EP (14.1% vs 4.9%, P < 0.05).ConclusionWe found that ER were more likely to withdraw/withhold life‐sustaining healthcare, provide partial treatment, rate different considerations as important and their patients took longer to die than that of EP. Focused education and training might improve decision‐making consistency between physicians and training registrars.
Temporal and Spatial Trends in Nutrient and Sediment Loading to Lake Tahoe, California‐Nevada, USA
Authors: Coats Robert , Lewis Jack , Alvarez Nancy , Arneson Patricia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSince 1980, the Lake Tahoe Interagency Monitoring Program (LTIMP) has provided stream‐discharge and water quality data—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and suspended sediment—at more than 20 stations in Lake Tahoe Basin streams. To characterize the temporal and spatial patterns in nutrient and sediment loading to the lake, and improve the usefulness of the program and the existing database, we have (1) identified and corrected for sources of bias in the water quality database; (2) generated synthetic datasets for sediments and nutrients, and resampled to compare the accuracy and precision of different load calculation models; (3) using the best models, recalculated total annual loads over the period of record; (4) regressed total loads against total annual and annual maximum daily discharge, and tested for time trends in the residuals; (5) compared loads for different forms of N and P; and (6) tested constituent loads against land use‐land cover (LULC) variables using multiple regression. The results show (1) N and P loads are dominated by organic N and particulate P; (2) there are significant long‐term downward trends in some constituent loads of some streams; and (3) anthropogenic impervious surface is the most important LULC variable influencing water quality in basin streams. Many of our recommendations for changes in water quality monitoring and load calculation methods have been adopted by the LTIMP.
Short sleep duration and longer daytime napping are associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults
Authors: Peng Kui , Lin Lin , Wang Zhengyi , Ding Lin , Huang Ya , Wang Po , Xu Yu , Lu Jieli , Xu Min , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Chen Yuhong , Ning Guang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic studies have reported conflicting results on the relationship between short sleep duration and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are no previous studies investigating the effect of daytime napping on NAFLD. In the present study we examined the associations between NAFLD and both nightly sleep duration and daytime napping in a middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional community‐based population study was performed on 8559 individuals aged ≥40 years. Sleep duration and the duration of daytime napping were self‐reported using a standardized questionnaire; NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography.ResultsIn this study sample, the overall prevalence of NAFLD was 30.4%. There was an inverse association between sleep duration and the risk of prevalent NAFLD. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prevalent NAFLD for decreasing sleep duration categories (≥9, 8.1–9, 7.1–8, 6.1–7, and ≤6.1 h) were 1.00 (reference), 1.38 (1.13–1.70), 1.32 (1.08–1.61), 1.29 (1.04–1.60), and 1.66 (1.28–2.15), respectively (P
trend = 0.0073). Compared with participants without a daytime napping habit, nap takers with a longer nap duration (>0.5 h) had an increased risk of prevalent NAFLD (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.06–1.41). The associations of sleep duration and daytime napping duration with NAFLD were generally consistent across different categories of age and obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance status.ConclusionsShort sleep duration and longer daytime napping were associated with an increased risk of prevalent NAFLD in a middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population.
Inter‐scan and inter‐observer tumour volume delineation variability on cone beam computed tomography in patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy for early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hou Ying , Lee Stephanie , Agrawal Vishesh , Romano John , Baldini Elizabeth H , Chen Aileen B , Kozono David E , Killoran Joseph H , Wagar Matthew , Hacker Fred L , Aerts Hugo JWL , Lewis John H , Mak Raymond H 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionQuantification of volume changes on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) during lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may provide a useful radiological marker for radiation response and for adaptive treatment planning. This study quantifies inter‐scan and inter‐observer variability in tumour volume delineation on CBCT.MethodsThree clinicians independently contoured the primary gross tumour volume (GTV) manually on CBCTs taken immediately before SBRT treatment (pre) and after the same SBRT treatment (post) for 19 NSCLC patients. Relative volume differences (RVD) were calculated between the pre‐ and post‐CBCTs for a given treatment and between any two of three observers for a given CBCT. Coefficient of variation (CV) was used to quantitatively measure and compare the extent of variability.ResultsInter‐observer variability had a significantly higher CV of 0.15 ± 0.13 compared to inter‐scan CV of 0.03 ± 0.04 with P < 0.0001. The greatest variability was observed with tumours (<2 cm in diameter) versus larger tumours with 95% limit of agreement (LOA) (Mean ± Standard Deviation) of 1.90% ± 19.55% vs. −0.97% ± 12.26% for inter‐scan RVD and 29.99% ± 73.84% vs. 9.37% ± 29.95% for inter‐observer RVD respectively.ConclusionsInter‐observer variability was greater than inter‐scan variability for tumour volume delineation on CBCT with greatest variability for small tumours (<2 cm in diameter). LOA for inter‐scan variability (~12%) helps defines a threshold for clinically meaningful tumour volume change during SBRT treatment for tumours with diameter greater than 2 cm, with larger thresholds needed for smaller tumours.
Growth of magnetotactic sulfate‐reducing bacteria in oxygen concentration gradient medium
Authors: Lefèvre Christopher T. , Howse Paul A. , Schmidt Marian L. , Sabaty Monique , Menguy Nicolas , Luther George W. , Bazylinski Dennis A. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryAlthough dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) are generally described as strictly anaerobic organisms with regard to growth, several reports have shown that some SRB, particularly Desulfovibrio species, are quite resistant to O2. For example, SRB remain viable in many aerobic environments while some even reduce O2 to H2O. However, reproducible aerobic growth of SRB has not been unequivocally documented. Desulfovibrio magneticus is a SRB that is also a magnetotactic bacterium (MTB). MTB biomineralize magnetosomes which are intracellular, membrane‐bounded, magnetic iron mineral crystals. The ability of D. magneticus to grow aerobically in several different media under air where an O2 concentration gradient formed, or under O2‐free N2 gas was tested. Under air, cells grew as a microaerophilic band of cells at the oxic–anoxic interface in media lacking sulfate. These results show that D. magneticus is capable of aerobic growth with O2 as a terminal electron acceptor. This is the first report of consistent, reproducible aerobic growth of SRB. This finding is critical in determining important ecological roles SRB play in the environment. Interestingly, the crystal structure of the magnetite crystals of D. magneticus grown under microaerobic conditions showed significant differences compared with those produced anaerobically providing more evidence that environmental parameters influence magnetosome formation.
Comparative study of three‐dimensional versus two‐dimensional video‐assisted thoracoscopic two‐port lobectomy
Authors: Jiao Peng , Wu Qing‐jun , Sun Yao‐guang , Ma Chao , Tian Wen‐xin , Yu Han‐bo , Tong Hong‐feng 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe advantages and disadvantages of three‐dimensional (3D) and two‐dimensional (2D) two‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and systematic dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes for lung cancer were investigated.MethodsBetween December 2013 and July 2015 at Beijing Hospital, 191 patients underwent lobectomy and systematic dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes for lung cancer. After applying the study criteria, a total of 165 patients were included and allocated to 3D (n = 76) and 2D (n = 89) groups. Variables of the study design, including duration of surgery, volume of intraoperative bleeding, numbers and groups of lymph nodes dissected, drainage volume after surgery, duration of drainage tube insertion, hospitalization time after surgery, hospitalization costs, and complications, were recorded and analyzed. Intergroup differences for all data were compared and statistically analyzed.ResultsNo statistical difference was found between the two groups with respect to duration of surgery, volume of intraoperative bleeding, drainage volume after surgery, duration of drainage tube insertion, hospitalization time after surgery, hospitalization costs, and complications (
P
> 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the numbers and groups of all lymph nodes or N
2 lymph nodes resected (
P
> 0.05).ConclusionLobectomy with systematic lymph node dissection can be undertaken with two ports using a 3D thoracoscope, and presents similar results to the use of a traditional 2D thoracoscope, at no greater hospitalization cost but with better operational perception and sensitivity during surgery. Two‐port lobectomy with systematic lymph node dissection using a 3D thoracoscope is a safe and effective surgical process for lung cancer treatment.
Antibiotics in the first year of life and subsequent neurocognitive outcomes
Authors: Slykerman Rebecca F. , Thompson John , Waldie Karen E. , Murphy Rinki , Wall Clare , Mitchell Edwin A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThere may be a link between disruption to the gut microbiota in early life and later neurocognitive outcomes. We hypothesised that antibiotic use in early life is associated with a detrimental effect on later neurocognitive outcomes.MethodsEight hundred and seventy‐one European mothers and their children enrolled in the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study at birth. Information on antibiotic use during the first year of life and between 12 months and three‐and‐a‐half years of age was gathered via maternal interview. Intelligence test scores and measures of behavioural difficulties were obtained when children were three‐and‐a‐half years, seven years and 11 years of age.ResultsAntibiotic use in the first year of life was reported in 70% of the 526 children with antibiotic data assessed at age three‐and‐a‐half years. Those who had received antibiotics had more behavioural difficulties and more symptoms of depression at follow‐up. Results were consistent across all standardised psychologist administered tests, as well as parent rated, teacher rated and self‐report measures.ConclusionThis study demonstrates an association between antibiotic use in the first year of life and subsequent neurocognitive outcomes in childhood. If confirmed by further research, these findings could have implications for the use of antibiotics for minor illnesses in infancy.
Netazepide, a gastrin/cholecystokinin‐2 receptor antagonist, can eradicate gastric neuroendocrine tumours in patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis
Authors: Boyce Malcolm , Moore Andrew R. , Sagatun Liv , Parsons Bryony N. , Varro Andrea , Campbell Fiona , Fossmark Reidar , Waldum Helge L. , Pritchard D. Mark 
Published: October 2016

AimsNetazepide, a gastrin/cholecystokinin 2 receptor antagonist, once daily for 12 weeks reduced the number of tumours and size of the largest one in 16 patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), achlorhydria, hypergastrinaemia and multiple gastric neuroendocrine tumours (type 1 gastric NETs), and normalized circulating chromogranin A (CgA) produced by enterochromaffin‐like cells, the source of the tumours. The aim was to assess whether longer‐term netazepide treatment can eradicate type 1 gastric NETs.MethodsAfter a mean 14 months off netazepide, 13 of the 16 patients took it for another 52 weeks. Assessments were: gastroscopy; gene‐transcript expression in corpus biopsies using quantitative polymerase chain reaction; blood CgA and gastrin concentrations; and safety assessments.ResultsWhile off‐treatment, the number of tumours, the size of the largest one, and CgA all increased again. Netazepide for 52 weeks: cleared all tumours in 5 patients; cleared all but one tumour in one patient; reduced the number of tumours and size of the largest one in the other patients; normalized CgA in all patients; and reduced mRNA abundances of CgA and histidine decarboxylase in biopsies. Gastrin did not increase further, confirming that the patients had achlorhydria. Netazepide was safe and well tolerated.ConclusionsA gastrin/cholecystokinin 2 receptor antagonist is a potential medical and targeted treatment for type 1 gastric NETs, and an alternative to regular gastroscopy or surgery. Treatment should be continuous because the tumours will regrow if it is stopped. Progress can be monitored by CgA in blood or biomarkers in mucosal biopsies.
Intermediate monocytes are increased in enthesitis-related arthritis, a category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Gaur P , Myles A , Misra R , Aggarwal A 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMicroarray of peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (PBMC, SFMC) of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis–enthesitis-related arthritis (JIA-ERA) has shown the involvement of monocytes. On the basis of CD14 and CD16 expression, monocytes are classified as classical, intermediate and non-classical. In response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation, intermediate monocytes produce proinflammatory cytokines and play a role in inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we have studied the microarray profile of monocytes, the frequency of their subsets and cytokine production. Monocyte-specific microarray analysis was performed in six healthy controls' PBMC and six patients' PBMC and SFMC using Illumina chips WG12. Monocyte subsets were assessed in 46 patients with JIA-ERA and 17 healthy controls and 17 disease controls by flow cytometry. Interleukin (IL)−23 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels were measured in culture supernatants of eight controls and seven patients' PBMC/SFMC with/without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Cytokine-producing intermediate monocytes were assessed by flow cytometry. Genes related to antigen presentation, cytokine signalling and TLR pathway were regulated differentially in PB and synovial monocytes of patients with JIA-ERA. Key genes of intermediate monocytes, such as CLEC10A and MARCO, were expressed three- to fourfold more in JIA-ERA. In PB, the frequency of intermediate monocytes was significantly higher in JIA-ERA (4·90% ± 3·5) compared to controls (1·8% ± 1·06; P &lt; 0·001). Patients' synovial cells also had more intermediate monocytes compared to PB (11·25% ± 11·32, 5·9% ± 4·8; P = 0.004). Intermediate monocytes are the major producers of IL-23. Thus, intermediate monocytes may play an important role in JIA-ERA, possibly by producing cytokines, and contribute to joint inflammation.