bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase 2 study of methotrexate, etoposide, dexamethasone, and pegaspargase chemotherapy for newly diagnosed, relapsed, or refractory extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type: a multicenter trial in Northwest China
Authors: Liang Rong , Gao Guang‐xun , Chen Jie‐ping , Wang Ji‐shi , Wang Xiao‐min , Zeng Yun , Bai Qing‐xian , Zhang Tao , Yang Lan , Dong Bao‐xia , Gu Hong‐tao , Shu Mi‐mi , Hao Cai‐xia , Wang Jian‐hong , Zhang Na , Chen Xie‐qun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe nasal type of extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma is a rare aggressive lymphoma with poor prognosis. To discover a successful treatment, we investigated the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy with methotrexate, etoposide, dexamethasone, and polyethylene glycol‐asparaginase (MESA). Three cycles of MESA were administered to 46 patients with new or relapsed/refractory natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma. Complete response after 3 treatment cycles was 43.5%, the overall response rate was 87%, and 2‐year overall survival was 83.4%. Complete response was significantly better for newly diagnosed patients than for patients with relapsed/refractory disease. Patients with newly diagnosed disease had a significantly better overall response rate after 1, but not after 2 or 3 treatment cycles. Overall survival and progression‐free survival did not differ over 2 years. Grade 1/2 toxicities were frequent, but MESA was associated with fewer grade 3/4 events or treatment‐related deaths. These results will require confirmation in larger prospective trials.
Bendamustine‐associated infections—systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gafter‐Gvili Anat , Gurion Ronit , Raanani Pia , Shpilberg Ofer , Vidal Liat 
Published: October 2016

AbstractData in the literature are lacking regarding the infection‐related adverse events of bendamustine‐containing regimens. Therefore, we aimed to assess this risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all randomized controlled trials including bendamustine‐containing regimens and those administered for any lymphoproliferative disorder or plasma cell dyscrasia compared with any other regimens. A comprehensive search was conducted until December 2015. Two reviewers appraised the quality of trials and extracted data. Primary outcomes were any infections, grade 3 to 4 infections; secondary outcomes were grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and grade 3 to 4 lymphopenia. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and pooled. A fixed‐effect model was used to pool data unless there was significant heterogeneity, in which case a random‐effects model was used. Nine trials published between 2006 and 2016 and randomizing 2620 patients were included. There was no statistically significant effect for bendamustine on the rate of any infection (RR 1.09 [95% CI, 0.87‐1.36]) or on the rate of grade 3 to 4 infections (RR 1.04 [95% CI, 0.64‐1.71]). There was no increase in the rate of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia in the bendamustine arm (RR 0.84 [95% CI, 0.63‐1.12]). Our systematic review demonstrates no effect of bendamustine on the rate of infections when compared with either alkylating agents or fludarabine. Thus, bendamustine remains a safe therapeutic option.
In vitro evaluation of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)/polyisoprene fibers for soft tissue engineering
Authors: Marques Douglas R. , dos Santos Luís A. L. , O'Brien Marie A. , Cartmell Sarah H. , Gough Julie E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe polymeric blend of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polyisoprene (PI) has recently been explored for application as stents for tracheal stenosis and spring for the treatment of craniosynostosis. From the positive results presented in other biomedical applications comes the possibility of investigating the application of this material as scaffold for tissue engineering (TE), acquiring a deeper knowledge about the polymeric blend by exploring a new processing technique while attending to the most fundamental demands of TE scaffolds. PLGA/PI was processed into randomly oriented microfibers through the dripping technique and submitted to physical‐chemical and in vitro characterization. The production process of fibers did not show an effect over the polymer's chemical composition, despite the fact that PLGA and PI were observed to be immiscible. Mechanical assays reinforce the suitability of these scaffolds for soft tissue applications. Skeletal muscle cells demonstrated increases in metabolic activity and proliferation to the same levels of the control group. Human dermal fibroblasts didn't show the same behaviour, but presented cell growth with the same development profile as presented in the control group. It is plausible to believe that PLGA/PI fibrous three‐dimensional scaffolds are suitable for applications in soft tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2581–2591, 2017.
Evaluating climate change impacts on the hydrology of watershed in northwestern China using a stepwise‐clustered downscaling approach
Authors: Zhuang X. W. , Li Y. P. , Huang G. H. , Wang C. X. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, a stepwise‐clustered downscaling model (SCDM) is advanced for transferring atmospheric simulation outputs to acquire high‐resolution climate projections at a large‐scale watershed system. SCDM can operate different temporal resolutions of atmospheric variables with continuous and discrete complexities. SCDM coupling with hydrological model is used for evaluating climate change impacts on hydrology of the Kaidu watershed in northwestern China. The daily and monthly series of large‐scale atmospheric simulation outputs for the Kaidu watershed are extracted from the ensemble of GCMs during past, recent and future periods. Results reveal that (1) SCDM is capable of downscaling climate projections for different stations, and can help understand the spatial heterogeneity of climate change, (2) the performance of SCDM is more acceptable for temperature than precipitation, (3) increase trends of Tmin and Tmax (minimum and maximum temperatures) from recent to future are projected. Besides, results from multiple downscaled climate change projections are used for driving a daily climate‐streamflow hydrological model. Results disclose that the streamflow would increase because temperature change will cause more glacier melt in future.
A probabilistic approach for attributing temperature changes to synoptic type frequency
Authors: Nilsen Irene B. , Stagge James H. , Tallaksen Lena M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTTo understand the cause of regional temperature change, it is common to separate the temperature change signal into changes in atmospheric synoptic circulation and other factors, so‐called within‐type changes. In this study, we suggest a novel probabilistic approach that allows detection of months and regions where temperature changes can mainly be attributed to changes in synoptic circulation and where within‐type changes also play a role. By combining resampling with a Monte Carlo test, we assess the likelihood that the observed warming can be explained by synoptic circulation changes alone. This method is applicable for any variable, and in any region of the world. We applied it to an example case using gridded WATCH Forcing Data ERA‐Interim (WFDEI) temperature data and synoptic types derived from the SynopVis Grosswetterlagen catalogue (1981–2010). For this European example, the most widespread warming was found in summer, with up to 60% of the land area experiencing significant warming during August, notably in Eastern and Northern Europe. In spring and autumn, this area was reduced to 10–30%. In December and January, only about 5% of the land area experienced significant warming, most pronounced in northern Scandinavia. The probabilistic approach revealed that changes in synoptic circulation could not account for all the observed (WFDEI) warming, with the exception of regions in southeastern Europe in February and Western Europe in May. Significant warming in other months and regions, such as the large‐scale warming in April, June, July, August, and November, must also be caused by other factors. Within‐type changes were confirmed for the Black Sea region in November, where the magnitude of a widespread temperature trend was strongest. This European example contributes to an improved understanding of the causes of recent temperature change by assessing the relative role of synoptic circulation changes and within‐type changes on regional‐scale warming.
Production and characterization of cowpea protein hydrolysate with optimum nitrogen solubility by enzymatic hydrolysis using pepsin
Authors: Mune Mune Martin Alain , Minka Samuel René 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDCowpea is a source of low‐cost and good nutritional quality protein for utilization in food formulations in replacement of animal proteins. Therefore it is necessary that cowpea protein exhibits good functionality, particularly protein solubility which affects the other functional properties. The objective of this study was to produce cowpea protein hydrolysate exhibiting optimum solubility by the adequate combination of hydrolysis parameters, namely time, solid/liquid ratio (SLR) and enzyme/substrate ratio (ESR), and to determine its functional properties and molecular characteristics.RESULTSA Box–Behnken experimental design was used for the experiments, and a second‐order polynomial to model the effects of hydrolysis time, SLR and ESR on the degree of hydrolysis and nitrogen solubility index. The optimum hydrolysis conditions of time 208.61 min, SLR 1/15 (w/w) and ESR 2.25% (w/w) yielded a nitrogen solubility of 75.71%. Protein breakdown and the peptide profile following enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography. Cowpea protein hydrolysate showed higher oil absorption capacity, emulsifying activity and foaming ability compared with the concentrate.CONCLUSIONThe solubility of cowpea protein hydrolysate was adequately optimized by response surface methodology, and the hydrolysate showed adequate functionality for use in food. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Production of chlorothalonil hydrolytic dehalogenase from agro‐industrial wastewater and its application in raw food cleaning
Authors: He Qin , Xu Xi‐hui , Zhang Fan , Tai Yu‐kai , Luo Yan‐fei , He Jian , Hong Qing , Jiang Jian‐dong , Yan Xin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo reduce the fermentation cost for industrialization of chlorothalonil hydrolytic dehalogenase (Chd), agro‐industrial wastewaters including molasses, corn steep liquor (CSL) and fermentation wastewater were used to substitute for expensive carbon and nitrogen sources and fresh water for lab preparation.RESULTSThe results showed that molasses and CSL could replace 5% carbon source and 100% organic nitrogen source respectively to maintain the same fermentation level. Re‐fermentation from raffinate of ultra‐filtered fermentation wastewater could achieve 61.03% of initial Chd activity and reach 96.39% activity when cultured in a mixture of raffinate and 50% of original medium constituent. Typical raw foods were chosen to evaluate the chlorothalonil removal ability of Chd. After Chd treatment for 2 h at room temperature, 97.40 and 75.55% of 30 mg kg−1 chlorothalonil on cherry tomato and strawberry respectively and 60.29% of 50 mg kg−1 chlorothalonil on Chinese cabbage were removed. Furthermore, the residual activity of the enzyme remained at 78–82% after treatment, suggesting its potential for reuse.CONCLUSIONThis study proved the cost‐feasibility of large‐scale production of Chd from agro‐industrial wastewater and demonstrated the potential of Chd in raw food cleaning. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Computer vision‐based method for classification of wheat grains using artificial neural network
Authors: Sabanci Kadir , Kayabasi Ahmet , Toktas Abdurrahim 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDA simplified computer vision‐based application using artificial neural network (ANN) depending on multilayer perceptron (MLP) for accurately classifying wheat grains into bread or durum is presented. The images of 100 bread and 100 durum wheat grains are taken via a high‐resolution camera and subjected to pre‐processing. The main visual features of four dimensions, three colors and five textures are acquired using image‐processing techniques (IPTs). A total of 21 visual features are reproduced from the 12 main features to diversify the input population for training and testing the ANN model. The data sets of visual features are considered as input parameters of the ANN model. The ANN with four different input data subsets is modelled to classify the wheat grains into bread or durum. The ANN model is trained with 180 grains and its accuracy tested with 20 grains from a total of 200 wheat grains.RESULTSSeven input parameters that are most effective on the classifying results are determined using the correlation‐based CfsSubsetEval algorithm to simplify the ANN model. The results of the ANN model are compared in terms of accuracy rate. The best result is achieved with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 9.8 × 10−6 by the simplified ANN model.CONCLUSIONThis shows that the proposed classifier based on computer vision can be successfully exploited to automatically classify a variety of grains. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Why publish?
Authors: Kember Sarah 
Published: October 2016

Key points
Digital technology should provide a context for publishing but by no means an endpoint.
A pay‐to‐say model of publishing is not only exploitative but also dangerous because it makes the ability to say contingent on the ability to pay.
How will publishers survive, and how will writers eat in a publishing environment increasingly oriented to free online content.
There are no solutions to publishing, but more networked and fluid alternatives may be a way forward.
A novel approach for unraveling the energy balance of water surfaces with a single depth temperature measurement
Authors: Yang Jiachuan , Wang Zhi‐Hua , Li Qi , Vercauteren Nikki , Bou‐Zeid Elie , Parlange Marc B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe partitioning of solar energy over the Earth's surface drives weather and climate of the coupled land–ocean–atmosphere system. Over water surfaces, the evolution of water temperatures at a given depth in the mixed layer implicitly contains the signature of surface energy partitioning, and as such it can be used to diagnose the surface energy balance. In this study, we develop a novel numerical scheme by combining the Green's function approach and linear stability analysis to estimate the water surface energy balance using water temperature measurement at a single depth. The proposed method is capable of predicting water temperature in the mixed layer, and solving for the components of the surface energy budgets with physically based schemes. Evaluation against in situ measurement and the maximum entropy production method demonstrates that this approach is robust and of good accuracy. It is found that performance of the proposed method depends strongly on the accurate estimation of turbulent thermal diffusivity from in situ measurements, which carries information of meteorological and limnological conditions. Without explicitly using wind speed or temperature/moisture gradient, the proposed approach reduces uncertainty and potential error associated with meteorological measurements in estimation of water surface energy balance.
Selective photoantisepsis
Authors: Harris David M. , Reinisch Lou 
Published: October 2016

Background and ObjectiveSelective killing of pathogens by laser is possible due to the difference in absorption of photon energy by pathogens and host tissues. The optical properties of pathogenic microorganisms are used along with the known optical properties of soft tissues in calculations of the laser‐induced thermal response of pathogen colonies embedded in a tissue model. The objective is to define the laser parameters that optimize pathogen destruction and depth of the bactericidal effect.Materials and MethodsThe virtual periodontium is a computational model of the optical and time‐dependent thermal properties of infected periodontal tissues. The model simulates the periodontal procedure: Laser Sulcular Debridement.1 Virtual pathogen colonies are placed at different depths in the virtual periodontium to determine the depth for effective bactericidal effects given various laser parameters (wavelength, peak power, pulse duration, scan rate, fluence rate) and differences in pathogen sensitivities.ResultsAccumulated background heat from multiple passes increases the depth of the bactericidal effect. In visible and near‐IR wavelengths the large difference in absorption between normal soft tissue and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) results in selective destruction. Diode laser (810 nm) efficacy and depth of the bactericidal effect are variable and dependent on hemin availability. Both pulsed‐Nd:YAG and the 810 nm diode lasers achieve a 2–3 mm deep damage zone for pigmented Pg and Pi in soft tissue without surface damage (selective photoantisepsis). The model predicts no selectivity for the Er:YAG laser (2,940 nm). Depth of the bactericidal effect is highly dependent on pathogen absorption coefficient. Highly sensitive pathogens may be destroyed as deep as 5–6 mm in soft tissue. Short pulse durations enable confinement of the thermal event to the target. Temporal selectivity is achieved by adjusting pulse duration based on target size.ConclusionThe scatter‐limited phototherapy model of the infected periodontium is applied to develop a proper dosimetry for selective photoantisepsis. Dosimetry planning is essential to the development of a new treatment modality. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:763–773, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synergistic Effects of Surfactant on Dielectric and Electrorheological Properties of Boronic Acid Derivative Polymer Dispersions
Authors: Ozkan Seyma , Gumus Omer Yunus , Unal Halil Ibrahim 
Published: October 2016

Electric field stimulus fluids are prepared by dispersing poly(3‐aminophenylboronic acid, PABA) and poly(thiophene‐3‐boronic acid, PTBA) nanoparticles in silicone oil (SO). Upon addition of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X‐100, to the fluids, enhanced polarizabilities are detected on dielectric analysis which is driven by the increased number of dipole centers in their structures. Very high colloidal stability is observed for PABA/SO/Triton‐X dispersion system since it has zeta(ζ)‐potential value in colloidally stable region, whereas PTBA/SO/Triton‐X dispersion system exhibits some degree of sedimentation due to low ζ‐potential value. When electric field strengths are applied, increased yield stresses of the dispersions are detected. Storage and loss moduli values of PABA/SO/Triton‐X and PTBA/SO/Triton‐X dispersions suggest that the suspensions have vibration damping capabilities. Further, reversible non‐Newtonian viscoelastic deformations are observed from the creep‐recovery tests of the systems and they are classified as smart materials. Furthermore, the results show that PABA based colloidal system has better dielectric and rheological properties than that of PTBA and these results are also discussed in terms of particle conductivity and molecular structure.
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A New Approach for the Synthesis of pH‐Responsive Cross‐Linked Micelles from a Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)‐Based Functional Copolymer
Authors: Kocak Gökhan , Solmaz Gökhan , Bütün Vural 
Published: October 2016

An amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether‐block‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (MPEG‐b‐PGMA) diblock copolymer is first synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. Epoxy groups of this precursor block copolymer are converted to hydroxyl and tertiary amine residues by reacting with diethyl amine over a ring‐opening reaction. The resulting diblock copolymer is poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether‐block‐poly(3‐diethylamino‐2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (MPEG‐b‐PDEAHPMA). Micellar solution of this diblock copolymer is prepared at pH 12.0 in aqueous media. At high pH (12.0), core–
shell micelles are formed with PDEAHPMA‐core and MPEG‐shell. PDEAHPMA blocks have both hydroxyl and tertiary amine groups that provide reactivity against divinyl sulfone (DVS) and a response to solution pH, respectively. Cross‐linking of hydroxyl groups of PDEAHPMA chains in the micelle core is successfully achieved by adding DVS. At pH 2.0, the DEAHPMA‐core of core cross‐linked (CCL) micelles becomes protonated and hence swelling is observed. The effect of varying the DVS concentrations is also studied. The micelle formation of diblock copolymer and its response to solution pH are investigated by using surface tensiometer, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. CCL micellar structure and its response to solution conditions are investigated with transmission electron microscopy and DLS studies, respectively.
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Joint Effect of Poly(ethyhlene‐co‐1‐octene) Chain Length and 1‐Octene Fraction on High‐Temperature Thermal Gradient Interaction Chromatography
Authors: Al‐Khazaal Abdulaal Z. , Soares João B. P. 
Published: October 2016

High‐temperature thermal gradient interaction chromatography (HT‐TGIC) fractionates polyolefins based on an adsorption–desorption mechanism. Several factors influence the shape and position of HT‐TGIC chromatograms, notably polymer microstructure, analytical conditions, and, to a lesser extent, solvent type. This article investigates the joint influence of chain length and comonomer content of a series of polyethylene and ethylene/1‐octene copolymers having similar 1‐octene fractions (0–13 mol%) and a wide range of molecular weights on HT‐TGIC fractionation. For each series of copolymers having similar 1‐octene fraction, the elution peak temperature decreases exponentially and the profiles become increasingly broader below a critical number average chain length value. The authors use Monte Carlo simulation and Stockmayer distribution to explain the observed behavior, finding that no simple correlation exists between ethylene sequences in the copolymers and peak elution temperature, but that there is strong evidence that axial dispersion is responsible for symmetrical broadening of the HT‐TGIC profiles. The authors also study the HT‐TGIC of binary blends, finding that components with similar 1‐octene contents and dissimilar chain lengths tend to increase co‐adsorption/co‐desorption effects.
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The Effects of Product Placement in Fictitious Literature on Consumer Purchase Intention
Authors: Barnhardt Terrence M. , Manzano Isabel , Brito Maria , Myrick Melissa , Smith Steven M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThree experiments tested whether brand‐name products placed in a short story would be more often selected when two identical products with different brand names were presented in either a picture or text format in forced choice purchase intention and placement recognition tests. In Experiments 1a and 1b, there was no significant influence of product placement in a pictorial purchase intention task. However, in Experiments 2a and 2b, a reliable and equal level of recognition memory was observed, regardless of whether the products were presented in a picture (Exp. 2a) or text (Exp. 2b) format. In Experiment 3, the products were presented in a text format in the purchase intention task and participants more often and more quickly chose the brand‐name product from the story. At a practical level, these results suggest some limits to the usefulness of product placement in text.