bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La promesse de Lost (À propos de la Saison 2)
Authors: Dulong Guillaume 
Published: October 2016

Notre article étudie les thèmes du saut de la foi, du rituel et du sacrifice dans la série Lost en interrogeant surtout la saison 2. Par voie de réflexion, il interroge la promesse de Lost, c’est-à-dire le type de crédit que le récit prescrit au spectateur d’accorder à ce qui est raconté. La promesse paraît paradoxale, le récit exigeant de se méfier voire de se défier pour mieux croire. Notre travail examine à cet effet le dispositif de la Station du Cygne et l’opposition entre croyance et savoir paraissant se cristalliser dans l’antagonisme de Jack Shephard et John Locke et se résolvant dans le sacrifice d’une figure intermédiaire, Desmond Hume. Il analyse donc les épisodes « Man of science, Man of faith » (S02E01), « ? » (S02E21) et « Live together, Die alone » (S02E23-24). Le premier épisode est interprété à l’aune de l’œuvre de Kierkegaard pour montrer que croyance et savoir sont deux phases pour un même personnage vers le saut de la foi qui consiste dans l’ouverture à autrui. Cependant la répétition de ce saut est problématique. Ainsi le deuxième est compris comme une focalisation sur le désespoir d’un personnage, Locke, offrant une réflexion sur la manière de voir la série comme une oscillation indécidable entre méfiance et confiance, la Perle et le Cygne. Le troisième, comparé aux écrits de David Hume et au film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, permet d’exposer la solution que propose la série, qui serait le sacrifice de soi (et surtout de son orgueil) pour l’autre, manifeste dans la relation de Desmond à Penelope.
Lost : une « romance » shakespearienne ?
Authors: Hatchuel Sarah , Laist Randy 
Published: October 2016

Qu’est-ce qu’une romance shakespearienne ? Comment lire Lost à l’aune de Shakespeare ? Et comment, en retour, lire Shakespeare à l’aune de Lost ? Les quatre pièces dites « tardives » de Shakespeare, Pericles (1608), Cymbeline (1609), Le Conte d’hiver (1610) et La Tempête (1611), ont brouillé la frontière entre les genres en incorporant des épisodes tragiques tout en se terminant dans l’harmonie. Ces pièces ont mis au défi les catégories dramatiques et ont échappé aux définitions simples. Pérégrinations géographiques, jeu avec le temps, naufrages, morts qui n’en sont pas, conflits passés qui resurgissent dans le présent, enfants perdus, arnaques, déguisements, interventions magiques ou surnaturelles, rêves, coïncidences incroyables, retournements de situation, retrouvailles et rédemptions – les thèmes de la série Lost sont avant tout des éléments constitutifs des romances shakespeariennes et ont suscité les mêmes réactions de la part des spectateurs et des critiques. Lost, comme les romances de Shakespeare, ne nous donnerait-elle pas des clés pour appréhender les défis d’un siècle qui commence ?
Hurley, ou le destin d’une figure stoïcienne dans Lost
Authors: Nouailles Bertrand 
Published: October 2016

Lost est une série qui propose une réflexion sur le concept même de série. Après en avoir rappelé le sens, nous faisons l’hypothèse que chaque personnage incarne dans la série un « devenir-série ». Nous nous attachons au personnage de Hurley, qui représenterait un devenir stoïcien et offrirait alors un autre modèle d’héroïsme.
“You can(’t) let go now”: Mystery boxes, quantum readings and very bright lights in Lost
Authors: Favard Florent 
Published: October 2016

Cet article entend s’interroger sur quelques particularités narratives de la série Lost, à l’aune de sa réception polarisée, voire fracturée. Prenant en compte le contexte de production et de réception de la série (notamment, la problématique de l’écriture d’une intrigue « macroscopique » faisant la « promesse d’un dénouement » sur le long terme, et les discours des instances auctoriales orientant une lecture téléologique), cet article s’inspire de la théorie des mondes possibles appliquée à la fiction et de la storyology explorée notamment par Marie-Laure Ryan, pour analyser l’impact du concept de « boîte mystère » proposé par J. J. Abrams sur la lecture de l’intrigue par le public, et la superposition générique des cadres d’interprétations des éléments ambigus que sont le Cœur de l’île et les flashsideways.
Endothelial Plasmalemma Vesicle–Associated Protein Regulates the Homeostasis of Splenic Immature B Cells and B-1 B Cells
Authors: Elgueta Raul , Tse Dan , Deharvengt Sophie J. , Luciano Marcus R. , Carriere Catherine , Noelle Randolph J. , Stan Radu V. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (Plvap) is an endothelial protein with roles in endothelial diaphragm formation and maintenance of basal vascular permeability. At the same time, Plvap has roles in immunity by facilitating leukocyte diapedesis at inflammatory sites and controlling peripheral lymph node morphogenesis and the entry of soluble Ags into lymph node conduits. Based on its postulated role in diapedesis, we have investigated the role of Plvap in hematopoiesis and show that deletion of Plvap results in a dramatic decrease of IgM+IgDlo B cells in both the spleen and the peritoneal cavity. Tissue-specific deletion of Plvap demonstrates that the defect is B cell extrinsic, because B cell and pan-hematopoietic Plvap deletion has no effect on IgM+IgDlo B cell numbers. Endothelial-specific deletion of Plvap in the embryo or at adult stage recapitulates the full Plvap knockout phenotype, whereas endothelial-specific reconstitution of Plvap under the Chd5 promoter rescues the IgM+IgDlo B cell phenotype. Taken together, these results show that Plvap expression in endothelial cells is important in the maintenance of IgM+ B cells in the spleen and peritoneal cavity.
Lck Inhibits Heat Shock Protein 65–Mediated Reverse Cholesterol Transport in T Cells
Authors: Luo Tiantian , Hu Jing , Xi Dan , Xiong Haowei , He Wenshuai , Liu Jichen , Li Menghao , Lu Hao , Zhao Jinzhen , Lai Wenyan , Guo Zhigang 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Previously, we reported that heat shock protein (HSP)65 impairs the effects of high-density lipoprotein on macrophages. We also showed that immune response activation adversely affects reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In this study, we investigated the effects of the Src family kinase lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) and elucidated the mechanism underlying HSP65-regulated cholesterol efflux in T cells. We evaluated cell proliferation, Lck expression, and inflammatory cytokine production in Jurkat cells and CD4+ T cells. HSP65-mediated inhibition of RCT was assessed by evaluating ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-BI, PPAR-γ, and liver X receptor-α expression. A dose-dependent relationship was found between the levels of these proteins and the suppression of cholesterol efflux. Stimulation of Lck-silenced T cells with ionomycin resulted in a decrease in intracellular calcium levels. Treatment of Jurkat cells with PP2, an inhibitor of Src family kinase, inhibited calcium-induced, but not PMA-induced, ERK phosphorylation. NF-κB activation in response to PMA was minimally inhibited in cells stimulated with PP2. HSP65 failed to trigger downstream ERK or JNK phosphorylation or to activate NF-κB or protein kinase C-γ in Lck-silenced cells. Additionally, elevation of intracellular calcium was also impaired. However, HSP65 significantly enhanced cholesterol efflux and decreased cellular cholesterol content by inducing the expression of cholesterol transport proteins in Lck-silenced cells. The treatment of Jurkat cells with PP2 also inhibited cell proliferation and promoted RCT. In conclusion, Lck is a key molecule in the TCR signaling cascade that inhibits cholesterol efflux and upregulates intracellular cholesterol ester content in T cells. Our results demonstrate that the immune response plays a previously unrecognized role in RCT.
Small Molecule Inhibition of Rab7 Impairs B Cell Class Switching and Plasma Cell Survival To Dampen the Autoantibody Response in Murine Lupus
Authors: Lam Tonika , Kulp Dennis V. , Wang Rui , Lou Zheng , Taylor Julia , Rivera Carlos E. , Yan Hui , Zhang Qi , Wang Zhonghua , Zan Hong , Ivanov Dmitri N. , Zhong Guangming , Casali Paolo , Xu Zhenming 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
IgG autoantibodies mediate pathology in systemic lupus patients and lupus-prone mice. In this study, we showed that the class-switched IgG autoantibody response in MRL/Faslpr/lpr and C57/Sle1Sle2Sle2 mice was blocked by the CID 1067700 compound, which specifically targeted Ras-related in brain 7 (Rab7), an endosome-localized small GTPase that was upregulated in activated human and mouse lupus B cells, leading to prevention of disease development and extension of lifespan. These were associated with decreased IgG-expressing B cells and plasma cells, but unchanged numbers and functions of myeloid cells and T cells. The Rab7 inhibitor suppressed T cell–dependent and T cell–independent Ab responses, but it did not affect T cell–mediated clearance of Chlamydia infection, consistent with a B cell–specific role of Rab7. Indeed, B cells and plasma cells were inherently sensitive to Rab7 gene knockout or Rab7 activity inhibition in class switching and survival, respectively, whereas proliferation/survival of B cells and generation of plasma cells were not affected. Impairment of NF-κB activation upon Rab7 inhibition, together with the rescue of B cell class switching and plasma cell survival by enforced NF-κB activation, indicated that Rab7 mediates these processes by promoting NF-κB activation, likely through signal transduction on intracellular membrane structures. Thus, a single Rab7-inhibiting small molecule can target two stages of B cell differentiation to dampen the pathogenic autoantibody response in lupus.
Bioactive Lipids and Circulating Progenitor Cells in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Hayek Salim S. , Klyachkin Yuri , Asfour Ahmed , Ghasemzadeh Nima , Awad Mosaab , Hesaroieh Iraj , Ahmed Hina , Gray Brandon , Kim Jinhee , Waller Edmund K. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Abdel-Latif Ahmed K. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells are mobilized into the peripheral blood after acute myocardial injury and in chronic ischemic heart disease. However, the mechanisms responsible for this mobilization are poorly understood. We examined the relationship between plasma levels of bioactive lipids and number of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) in patients (N = 437) undergoing elective or emergent cardiac catheterization. Plasma levels of sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) and ceramide-1 phosphate (C1P) were quantified using mass spectrometry. CPCs were assessed using flow cytometry. S1P levels correlated with the numbers of CD34+, CD34+/CD133+, and CD34+/CXCR4+ CPCs even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. However, no significant correlation was observed between C1P levels and CPC count. Plasma levels of S1P correlated with the number of CPCs in patients with coronary artery disease, suggesting an important mechanistic role for S1P in stem cell mobilization. The therapeutic effects of adjunctive S1P therapy to mobilize endogenous stem cells need to be investigated.
Efficiently Specified Ventral Midbrain Dopamine Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Xeno-Free Conditions Restore Motor Deficits in Parkinsonian Rodents
Authors: Niclis Jonathan C. , Gantner Carlos W. , Alsanie Walaa F. , McDougall Stuart J. , Bye Chris R. , Elefanty Andrew G. , Stanley Edouard G. , Haynes John M. , Pouton Colin W. , Thompson Lachlan H. , Parish Clare L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Recent studies have shown evidence for the functional integration of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived ventral midbrain dopamine (vmDA) neurons in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Although these cells present a sustainable alternative to fetal mesencephalic grafts, a number of hurdles require attention prior to clinical translation. These include the persistent use of xenogeneic reagents and challenges associated with scalability and storage of differentiated cells. In this study, we describe the first fully defined feeder- and xenogeneic-free protocol for the generation of vmDA neurons from hPSCs and utilize two novel reporter knock-in lines (LMX1A-eGFP and PITX3-eGFP) for in-depth in vitro and in vivo tracking. Across multiple embryonic and induced hPSC lines, this “next generation” protocol consistently increases both the yield and proportion of vmDA neural progenitors (OTX2/FOXA2/LMX1A) and neurons (FOXA2/TH/PITX3) that display classical vmDA metabolic and electrophysiological properties. We identify the mechanism underlying these improvements and demonstrate clinical applicability with the first report of scalability and cryopreservation of bona fide vmDA progenitors at a time amenable to transplantation. Finally, transplantation of xeno-free vmDA progenitors from LMX1A- and PITX3-eGFP reporter lines into Parkinsonian rodents demonstrates improved engraftment outcomes and restoration of motor deficits. These findings provide important and necessary advancements for the translation of hPSC-derived neurons into the clinic.
A Human Corneal Epithelial Cell Line Model for Limbal Stem Cell Biology and Limbal Immunobiology
Authors: Shaharuddin Bakiah , Ahmad Sajjad , Md Latar Nani , Ali Simi , Meeson Annette 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Limbal stem cell (LSC) deficiency is a visually debilitating condition caused by abnormal maintenance of LSCs. It is treated by transplantation of donor-derived limbal epithelial cells (LECs), the success of which depends on the presence and quality of LSCs within the transplant. Understanding the immunobiological responses of these cells within the transplants could improve cell engraftment and survival. However, human corneal rings used as a source of LSCs are not always readily available for research purposes. As an alternative, we hypothesized that a human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial cell (HTCEC) line could be used as a model for studying LSC immunobiology. HTCEC constitutively expressed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I but not class II molecules. However, when stimulated by interferon-γ, HTCECs then expressed HLA class II antigens. Some HTCECs were also migratory in response to CXCL12 and expressed stem cell markers, Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2. In addition because both HTCECs and LECs contain side population (SP) cells, which are an enriched LSC population, we used these SP cells to show that some HTCEC SP cells coexpressed ABCG2 and ABCB5. HTCEC SP and non-side population (NSP) cells also expressed CXCR4, but the SP cells expressed higher levels. Both were capable of colony formation, but the NSP colonies were smaller and contained fewer cells. In addition, HTCECs expressed ΔNp63α. These results suggest the HTCEC line is a useful model for further understanding LSC biology by using an in vitro approach without reliance on a supply of human tissue.
Coastal wetland response to sea‐level rise in a fluvial estuarine system
Authors: Alizad Karim , Hagen Scott C. , Morris James T. , Medeiros Stephen C. , Bilskie Matthew V. , Weishampel John F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCoastal wetlands are likely to lose productivity under increasing rates of sea‐level rise (SLR). This study assessed a fluvial estuarine salt marsh system using the Hydro‐MEM model under four SLR scenarios. The Hydro‐MEM model was developed to apply the dynamics of SLR as well as capture the effects associated with the rate of SLR in the simulation. Additionally, the model uses constants derived from a 2‐year bioassay in the Apalachicola marsh system. In order to increase accuracy, the lidar‐based marsh platform topography was adjusted using Real Time Kinematic survey data. A river inflow boundary condition was also imposed to simulate freshwater flows from the watershed. The biomass density results produced by the Hydro‐MEM model were validated with satellite imagery. The results of the Hydro‐MEM simulations showed greater variation of water levels in the low (20 cm) and intermediate‐low (50 cm) SLR scenarios and lower variation with an extended bay under higher SLR scenarios. The low SLR scenario increased biomass density in some regions and created a more uniform marsh platform in others. Under intermediate‐low SLR scenario, more flooded area and lower marsh productivity were projected. Higher SLR scenarios resulted in complete inundation of marsh areas with fringe migration of wetlands to higher land. This study demonstrated the capability of Hydro‐MEM model to simulate coupled physical/biological processes across a large estuarine system with the ability to project marsh migration regions and produce results that can aid in coastal resource management, monitoring, and restoration efforts.
Climate effects of a hypothetical regional nuclear war: Sensitivity to emission duration and particle composition
Authors: Pausata Francesco S. R. , Lindvall Jenny , Ekman Annica M. L. , Svensson Gunilla 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHere, we use a coupled atmospheric‐ocean‐aerosol model to investigate the plume development and climate effects of the smoke generated by fires following a regional nuclear war between emerging third‐world nuclear powers. We simulate a standard scenario where 5 Tg of black carbon (BC) is emitted over 1 day in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere. However, it is likely that the emissions from the fires ignited by bomb detonations include a substantial amount of particulate organic matter (POM) and that they last more than 1 day. We therefore test the sensitivity of the aerosol plume and climate system to the BC/POM ratio (1:3, 1:9) and to the emission length (1 day, 1 week, 1 month). We find that in general, an emission length of 1 month substantially reduces the cooling compared to the 1‐day case, whereas taking into account POM emissions notably increases the cooling and the reduction of precipitation associated with the nuclear war during the first year following the detonation. Accounting for POM emissions increases the particle size in the short‐emission‐length scenarios (1 day/1 week), reducing the residence time of the injected particle. While the initial cooling is more intense when including POM emission, the long‐lasting effects, while still large, may be less extreme compared to the BC‐only case. Our study highlights that the emission altitude reached by the plume is sensitive to both the particle type emitted by the fires and the emission duration. Consequently, the climate effects of a nuclear war are strongly dependent on these parameters.
Submarine groundwater discharge into typical tropical lagoons:Acase study in easternHainanIsland,China
Authors: Wang Xilong , Du Jinzhou 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAssessing submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into lagoons and bays can be helpful to understand biogeochemical processes, especially nutrient dynamics. In the present paper, radium (Ra) isotopes were used to quantify SGD in two typical tropical lagoons (Laoye Lagoon (LY Lagoon) and Xiaohai Lagoon (XH Lagoon)) of eastern Hainan Island, China. The Ra mass balance model provided evidence that SGD plays an important role in the hydrology of the LY Lagoon and the XH Lagoon, delivering average SGD fluxes of 1.7 × 106(94 L m−2d−1) and 1.8 × 106(41 L m−2d−1) m3d−1, respectively. Tidal pumping was one of the important driving forces for SGD fluxes in the LY and the XH Lagoons. Tidal‐driven SGD into the tidal channels of both lagoons can account for approximately 10% of the total SGD flux into the lagoons. In addition, the dissolved inorganic nutrient budgets were reassessed in the LY Lagoon and the XH Lagoon, which showed that SGD was the major source of nutrients entering the LY Lagoon and that the LY Lagoon behaved as a source for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and as a sink for dissolved silicate (DSi). Nutrient loads in the XH Lagoon were mainly derived from riverine inputs and SGD, and the XH Lagoon behaved as a source for DIP, but a sink for DIN and DSi.
Increased light‐use efficiency in northern terrestrial ecosystems indicated by CO2 and greening observations
Authors: Thomas Rebecca T. , Prentice Iain Colin , Graven Heather , Ciais Philippe , Fisher Joshua B. , Hayes Daniel J. , Huang Maoyi , Huntzinger Deborah N. , Ito Akihiko , Jain Atul , Mao Jiafu , Michalak Anna M. , Peng Shushi , Poulter Benjamin , Ricciuto Daniel M , Shi Xiaoying , Schwalm Christopher , Tian Hanqin , Zeng Ning 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObservations show an increasing amplitude in the seasonal cycle of CO2 (ASC) north of 45°N of 56 ± 9.8% over the last 50 years and an increase in vegetation greenness of 7.5–15% in high northern latitudes since the 1980s. However, the causes of these changes remain uncertain. Historical simulations from terrestrial biosphere models in the Multiscale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project are compared to the ASC and greenness observations, using the TM3 atmospheric transport model to translate surface fluxes into CO2 concentrations. We find that the modeled change in ASC is too small but the mean greening trend is generally captured. Modeled increases in greenness are primarily driven by warming, whereas ASC changes are primarily driven by increasing CO2. We suggest that increases in ecosystem‐scale light use efficiency (LUE) have contributed to the observed ASC increase but are underestimated by current models. We highlight potential mechanisms that could increase modeled LUE.
On the limited ice intrusion in Alaska at the LGM
Authors: Löfverström Marcus , Liakka Johan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Laurentide Ice Sheet covered most of the North American continent poleward of 40°N, with the exception of Alaska that remained relatively warm, dry, and largely ice free. Experiments with a global atmospheric circulation model are in broad agreement with proxies: the Alaskan summer temperatures are comparable to the preindustrial, and the annual precipitation is reduced by 30–50%. The warm conditions are attributed to a lowering of the local planetary albedo—due to a decreased cloudiness in response to the cold LGM sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and a stationary anticyclone forced by the ice sheet—that allows more shortwave radiation to reach the surface. Stationary waves are shown to counteract the shortwave cloud feedback by converging less heat over the target region. The LGM SST field also yields an equatorward shifted Pacific stormtrack, which results in drier conditions in Alaska and abundant precipitation at the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
Slip heterogeneity and directivity of the ML 6.0, 2016, Amatrice earthquake estimated with rapid finite‐fault inversion
Authors: Tinti E. , Scognamiglio L. , Michelini A. , Cocco M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOn 24 August 2016 a magnitude ML 6.0 occurred in the Central Apennines (Italy) between Amatrice and Norcia causing nearly 300 fatalities. The main shock ruptured a NNW‐SSE striking, WSW dipping normal fault. We invert waveforms from 26 three‐component strong motion accelerometers, filtered between 0.02 and 0.5 Hz, within 45 km from the fault. The inferred slip distribution is heterogeneous and characterized by two shallow slip patches updip and NW from the hypocenter, respectively. The rupture history shows bilateral propagation and a relatively high rupture velocity (3.1 km/s). The imaged rupture history produced evident directivity effects both N‐NW and SE of the hypocenter, explaining near‐source peak ground motions. Fault dimensions and peak slip values are large for a moderate‐magnitude earthquake. The retrieved rupture model fits the recorded ground velocities up to 1 Hz, corroborating the effects of rupture directivity and slip heterogeneity on ground shaking and damage pattern.