bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Spitz Nevi
Authors: Emiroglu Nazan , Yıldız Pelin , Biyik Ozkaya Dilek , Bahalı Anıl Gulsel , Su Ozlem , Onsun Nahide 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSpitz nevi are melanocytic lesions with clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathologic presentations that may resemble those of melanoma. The evolution of Spitz nevi is a well‐known feature. The objectives of this study were to investigate the clinical and dermoscopic features of Spitz nevi and define their evolution.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed and 70 Spitz nevi were analyzed using clinical and dermoscopic examination.ResultsSeventy patients were included in the study. The most common dermoscopic pattern was globular (n = 35 [50%]) followed by starburst (n = 24 [34.3%]), reticular (n = 8 [11.4%]), and homogeneous (n = 3 [4.3%]). Follow‐up data were available for 27 of 70 patients. Of these, 21 demonstrated evolution on the follow‐up images. A stable pattern (no evolution) was noted in 6 of 27 lesions. The patients who exhibited evolution were younger on average than the stable group (p = 0.04).ConclusionBased on our study, the most common biologic behavior for Spitz nevi is evolution. Although no significant differences were observed in other clinical features, the inverse relationship between evolution and age is important to consider when attempting to differentiate Spitz nevus from melanoma.
The Penn Effect revisited: New evidence from Latin America
Authors: Njindan Iyke Bernard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the role of relative productivity growth in real misalignment of exchange rates in Latin American countries. Specifically, we verify the validity of the Penn Effect for selected countries in this region. Our sample consists of 15 countries for the period 1951 to 2010. We employ both short‐ and long‐panel data techniques, which allow us to experiment with estimators suitable for short and long time dimensions of panel data. The Penn Effect is found to be supported for the entire sample, and for subsamples. Relative productivity growth is dominant in the real exchange rate movement during periods of mild or weak speculative attacks, as compared with periods of severe speculative attacks. To correct for real misalignment of currencies in Latin America under speculative attacks, relative productivity growth must be sizeable.
Giving Context to Non‐self‐marker Theories of Immune Responsiveness
Authors: Cohn M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn 2001, long ago by modern standards, Matzinger changed the emphasis of her Danger theory from one that downplayed the self‐non‐self discrimination to one that concerned itself with the regulation of effector class. This gave her theory a measure of validity that the other non‐self‐marker theorists have yet to confront. However, precision and clarity are still lacking.
Complement C5a‐Induced Changes in Neutrophil Morphology During Inflammation
Authors: Denk S. , Taylor R. P. , Wiegner R. , Cook E. M. , Lindorfer M. A. , Pfeiffer K. , Paschke S. , Eiseler T. , Weiss M. , Barth E. , Lambris J. D. , Kalbitz M. , Martin T. , Barth H. , Messerer D. A. C. , Gebhard F. , Huber‐Lang M. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe complement and neutrophil defence systems, as major components of innate immunity, are activated during inflammation and infection. For neutrophil migration to the inflamed region, we hypothesized that the complement activation product C5a induces significant changes in cellular morphology before chemotaxis. Exposure of human neutrophils to C5a dose‐ and time‐dependently resulted in a rapid C5a receptor‐1 (C5aR1)‐dependent shape change, indicated by enhanced flow cytometric forward‐scatter area values. Similar changes were observed after incubation with zymosan‐activated serum and in blood neutrophils during murine sepsis, but not in mice lacking the C5aR1. In human neutrophils, Amnis high‐resolution digital imaging revealed a C5a‐induced decrease in circularity and increase in the cellular length/width ratio. Biomechanically, microfluidic optical stretching experiments indicated significantly increased neutrophil deformability early after C5a stimulation. The C5a‐induced shape changes were inhibited by pharmacological blockade of either the ‐exchanger or the Cl−‐channel. Furthermore, actin polymerization assays revealed that C5a exposure resulted in a significant polarization of the neutrophils. The functional polarization process triggered by ATP–P2X/Y‐purinoceptor interaction was also involved in the C5a‐induced shape changes, because pretreatment with suramin blocked not only the shape changes but also the subsequent C5a‐dependent chemotactic activity. In conclusion, the data suggest that the anaphylatoxin C5a regulates basic neutrophil cell processes by increasing the membrane elasticity and cell size as a consequence of actin‐cytoskeleton polymerization and reorganization, transforming the neutrophil into a migratory cell able to invade the inflammatory site and subsequently clear pathogens and molecular debris.
Simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplant recipients are predisposed to tissue‐invasive cytomegalovirus disease and concomitant infectious complications
Authors: Schachtner Thomas , Zaks Marina , Otto Natalie M. , Kahl Andreas , Reinke Petra 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundInfections have increased in simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplant recipients (SPKTRs) with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection being the most important viral infection with adverse impact on patient and allograft outcomes.MethodsWe studied all primary SPKTRs and deceased‐donor kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) between 2008 and 2015 for the development of CMV infection. A total of 21/62 SPKTRs (33.9%) and 90/335 KTRs (26.9%) were diagnosed with CMV infection. A control group of 41 SPKTRs without CMV infection was used for comparison.ResultsSPKTRs showed an increased incidence of CMV infection compared with KTRs. SPKTRs were more likely to develop CMV disease, CMV pneumonia, recurrent CMV infection, higher initial and peak CMV loads, and more need for intravenous antiviral therapy compared with KTRs (P<.05). High‐risk CMV serostatus (D+R−) and 2 HLA‐B/‐DR mismatches increased the risk of CMV infection in SPKTRs (P<.05). No differences were observed for patient and allograft outcomes (P>.05). SPKTRs with CMV infection were more likely to show concomitant Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) viremia compared with SPKTRs without CMV infection (P<.05). SPKTRs with CMV infection showed higher incidences of concomitant BK polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy, EBV viremia, and sepsis compared with KTRs with CMV infection (P<.05).ConclusionOur results suggest a higher incidence and more severe course of CMV infection in SPKTRs compared with KTRs. The increased incidence of concomitant infectious complications among SPKTRs with CMV infection suggests an overall impaired immunity, and calls for more intense screening.
Impact of China's essential medicines scheme and zero‐mark‐up policy on antibiotic prescriptions in county hospitals: a mixed methods study
Authors: Wei Xiaolin , Yin Jia , Walley John D. , Zhang Zhitong , Hicks Joseph P. , Zhou Yu , Sun Qiang , Zeng Jun , Lin Mei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the national essential medicines scheme and zero‐mark‐up policy on antibiotic prescribing behaviour.MethodsIn rural Guangxi, a natural experiment compared one county hospital which implemented the policy with a comparison hospital which did not. All outpatient and inpatient records in 2011 and 2014 were extracted from the two hospitals. Primary outcome indicator was antibiotic prescribing rate (APR) among children aged 2–14 presenting in outpatients with a primary diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). We organised independent physician reviews to determine inappropriate prescribing for inpatients. Difference‐in‐difference analyses based on multivariate regressions were used to compare APR over time after adjusting potential confounders. We conducted 12 in‐depth interviews with paediatricians, hospital directors and health officials.ResultsA total of 8219 and 4142 outpatient prescriptions of childhood URTIs were included in the intervention and comparison hospitals, respectively. In 2011, APR was 30% in the intervention and 88% in the comparison hospital. In 2014, the intervention hospital significantly reduced outpatient APR by 21% (95% CI:−23%, −18%), intravenous infusion by 58% (95% CI: −64%, −52%) and prescription cost by 31 USD (95% CI: −35, −28), compared with the controls. We collected 251 inpatient records, but did not find reductions in inappropriate antibiotic use. Interviews revealed that the intervention hospital implemented a thorough antibiotics stewardship programme containing training, peer review of prescriptions and restrictions for overprescribing.ConclusionThe national essential medicines scheme and zero‐mark‐up policy, when implemented with an antimicrobial stewardship programme, may be associated with reductions in outpatient antibiotic prescribing and intravenous infusions.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas koreensis CI12, a Bacillus cereus “Hitchhiker” from the Soybean Rhizosphere
Authors: Lozano Gabriel L. , Bravo Juan I. , Handelsman Jo 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas koreensis
CI12 was coisolated with
Bacillus cereus
from a root of a soybean plant grown in a field in Arlington, WI. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
P. koreensis
CI12 obtained by Illumina sequencing.
T-piece versus self-inflating bag ventilation in preterm neonates at birth
Authors: Guinsburg Ruth , de Almeida Maria Fernanda Branco , de Castro Junia Sampel , Gonçalves-Ferri Walusa Assad , Marques Patricia Franco , Caldas Jamil Pedro Siqueira , Krebs Vera Lucia Jornada , Souza Rugolo Ligia Maria Suppo de , de Almeida João Henrique Carvalho Leme , Luz Jorge Hecker , Procianoy Renato S , Duarte José Luiz Muniz Bandeira , Penido Marcia Gomes , Ferreira Daniela Marques de Lima Mota , Alves Filho Navantino , Diniz Edna Maria de Albuquerque , Santos Juliana Paula , Acquesta Ana Lucia , Santos Cristina Nunes dos , Gonzalez Maria Rafaela Conde , da Silva Regina PG Vieira Cavalcanti , Meneses Jucile , Lopes José Maria de Andrade , Martinez Franciscó Eulógio 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo verify whether the use of the T-piece resuscitator compared with the self-inflating bag in preterm infants ventilated at birth modifies survival to hospital discharge without major morbidities.DesignPragmatic prospective cohort study.Setting20 Brazilian university hospitals of Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research. Patients were 1962 inborn infants in 2014–2015 ventilated at birth with 23–33’ weeks gestation and birth weight 400–1499 g without malformations. Patients transferred until the 27th day after birth were excluded.InterventionsPositive pressure ventilation at birth with T-piece resuscitator or self-inflating bag without positive end expiratory pressure valve. Intervention with ventilation followed the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics guidelines. The choice of the equipment was at the neonatologist’s discretion in each delivery. The main outcome measures were survival to hospital discharge without bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe peri-intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leucomalacia. Logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables was applied for main outcome.Results1456 (74%) were only ventilated with T-piece resuscitator and 506 (26%) with the self-inflating bag. The characteristics of those ventilated with T-Piece resuscitator versus self-inflating bag were birth weight 969 ± 277 vs 941 ± 279 g, gestational age 28.2±2.5 vs 27.8±2.7 weeks and survival to hospital discharge without major morbidities 47% vs 35%. Logistic regression adjusted for maternal characteristics, obstetric and neonatal morbidities showed that the T-piece resuscitator increased the chance of survival to hospital discharge without major morbidities (OR=1.38; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.80; Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit: 0.695).ConclusionThis study is the first that highlights the effectiveness of T-piece resuscitator ventilation in improving relevant outcomes in preterm neonates.
Intra-arterial vasodilators for vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis
Authors: Venkatraman Anand , Khawaja Ayaz M , Gupta Sahil , Hardas Shalaka , Deveikis John P , Harrigan Mark R , Kumar Gyanendra 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe efficacy of intra-arterial vasodilators (IADs) for the treatment of vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains debatable. The objective of this meta-analysis was to pool estimates of angiographic and neurological response, clinical outcome, and mortality following treatment of vasospasm with IADs.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane database, and CINAHL in December 2015 and August 2016. Studies reporting angiographic and neurological response, clinical outcome, and mortality following IAD treatment of vasospasm in 10 or more adults with aSAH were included. All established IADs were allowed. Two authors independently selected studies and abstracted the data. Mean weighted probabilities (MWP) were calculated using random effects model.ResultsInclusion criteria were met by 55 studies (n=1571). MWP for immediate angiographic response to IAD treatment was 89% (95% CI 83% to 94%), post-IAD neurological improvement 57% (95% CI 49% to 65%), good outcome 66% (95% CI 60% to 71%), and mortality was 9% (95% CI 7% to 12%). After adjusting for publication bias, MWP for mortality was 5% (95% CI 4% to 7%). When transcranial Doppler (TCD) was used along with clinical deterioration for patient selection, rates of neurological response (64%) and good outcome (72%) were better. IADs were not superior to controls (balloon angioplasty or medical management).ConclusionIAD treatment leads to a robust angiographic response and fair (but lower) rates of neurological response and good clinical outcome. Mortality was lower than the average reported in the literature. Rates of neurological response and good outcome were better when TCD was used for patient selection. Carefully designed studies are needed to compare IADs against medical management and balloon angioplasty.
O candidato: a representação de identidades bissau-guineenses no contexto pós-colonial por Filomena Embaló
Authors: Diniz Ana Maria Carneiro Almeida 
Published: June 2017

Este artigo se propõe a analisar as representações identitárias bissau-guineenses no contexto do pós-colonialismo presentes no conto O candidato, produzido por Filomena Embaló. Para fundamentar a análise, foram consultados textos de diversas áreas do conhecimento que apresentavam afinidades com a proposta de releitura do conto, com objetivo de situar o espaço-tempo das representações identitárias nas esferas históricas, políticas, sociais e econômicas com as quais correspondem.
Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations and Hospitalization for Stroke in 26 Chinese Cities
Authors: Liu Hui , Tian Yaohua , Xu Yan , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—
Little is known about the short-term health impacts of particulate matter (PM) on stroke in China. We, therefore, conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study to examine the association between ambient PM and hospital admissions for stroke in 26 Chinese cities.

Methods—
We identified hospital admissions for stroke by using electronic hospitalization summary reports from January 1, 2014 through December, 31 2015. We applied conditional logistic regression to explore the association between PM and hospital admissions for stroke. We also assessed the effect modification of stroke risk by geographical region, sex, and age.

Results—

Hospital admissions for ischemic (n=278 980) and hemorrhagic (69 399) strokes were examined separately. For ischemic stroke, both PM
2.5
and PM
10
had the strongest effect at lag 3 days, with an interquartile range increase in PM
2.5
(47.5 μg/m
3
) and PM
10
(76.9 μg/m
3
) significantly associated with a 1.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.7%–1.4%) and 0.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.3%–1.3%) increase in admissions for ischemic stroke, respectively. In northern China where PM pollution is more severe, the risk estimates for both PM
2.5
and PM
10
were larger than those in southern China in all lag structures. An interquartile range increase in PM
2.5
and PM
10
in northern China corresponded to a 1.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.7%–1.4%) and 0.7% (95% confidence interval, 0.3%–1.2%) increase in ischemic stroke admissions at lag 3 days, respectively. For hemorrhagic stroke, no significant association was observed with PM in the 26 cities.

Conclusions—
This study suggests that short-term elevations in PM may increase the risk of ischemic but not hemorrhagic stroke. The associations of PM with ischemic stroke are stronger in northern China than in the south.
The Role of Courts in Shaping Health Equity
Authors: Hall Mark A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
United States' courts have played a limited, yet key, role in shaping health equity in three areas of law: racial discrimination, disability discrimination, and constitutional rights. Executive and administrative action has been much more instrumental than judicial decisions in advancing racial equality in health care. Courts have been reluctant to intervene on racial justice because overt discrimination has largely disappeared, and the Supreme Court has interpreted civil rights laws in a fashion that restricts judicial authority to address more subtle or diffused forms of disparate impact. In contrast, courts have been more active in limiting disability discrimination by expanding the conditions that are considered disabling and by articulating and applying the operative concepts “reasonable accommodation” and “other qualified” in the context of both treatment and insurance coverage decisions. Finally, regarding constitutional rights, courts have had limited opportunity to intervene because, outside of specially protected arenas such as reproduction, constitutional law gives government wide discretion to define health and safety goals and methods. Thus, courts have had only a limited role in shaping health equity in the United States. It remains to be seen whether this will change under the Affordable Care Act or whatever health reform measure might replace it.
Visual-Simulation-Based Personalized Garment Block Design Method for Physically Disabled People with Scoliosis (PDPS)
Authors: Hong Yan , Bruniaux Pascal , Zeng Xianyi , Liu Kaixuan , Curteza Antonela , Chen Yan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This research presented a novel method using 3D simulation methods to design customized garments for physically disabled people with scoliosis (PDPS). The proposed method is based on the virtual human model created from 3D scanning, permitting to simulate the consumer’s morphological shape with atypical physical deformations. Next, customized 2D and 3D virtual garment prototyping tools will be used to create products through interactions. The proposed 3D garment design method is based on the concept of knowledge-based design, using the design knowledge and process already applied to normal body shapes successfully. The characters of the PDPS and the relationship between human body and garment are considered in the prototyping process. As a visualized collaborative design process, the communication between designer and consumer is ensured, permitting to adapt the finished product to disabled people afflicted with severe scoliosis.
Corruption, fiscal policy, and growth: a unified approach
Authors: Ghosh Sugata , Neanidis Kyriakos C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe study the effects of bureaucratic corruption on fiscal policy and economic growth, where corruption (i) reduces the tax revenue raised from households, (ii) inflates the volume of government spending, and (iii) reduces the productivity of “effective” government expenditure. We distinguish between the policies pursued by (a) a non-optimizing, and (b) an optimizing government. For both cases, corruption leads to higher income tax and inflation rates and a lower level of government spending, thus hindering growth. In the circumstances, an activist government could allocate its resources in attempting to reduce the type of corruption that harms growth the most. Finally, the findings from our unified framework could rationalize the sometimes conflicting empirical evidence on the impact of corruption on growth in the literature.
G. E. Moore and theory of moral/right action in ethics of social consequences
Authors: Gluchman Vasil 
Published: June 2017

AbstractG. E. Moore’s critical analysis of right action in utilitarian ethics and his consequentialist concept of right action is a starting point for a theory of moral/right action in ethics of social consequences. The termsrightandwronghave different meanings in these theories. The author explores different aspects of right and wrong actions in ethics of social consequences and compares them with Moore’s ideas. He positively evaluates Moore’s contributions to the development his theory of moral/right action.
Comparing habitat preferences of a set of waterbird species wintering in coastal wetlands of North Africa: implication for management
Authors: Elafri Ali , Belhamra Mouhamed , Houhamdi Moussa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEvery year, the Coastal wetlands of North Africa support an important wintering waterbird population of many Palearctic and sub-Saharan species of various contrasting habitat requirements. In this study, we describe the habitat use by24 water-obligate species wintering in a coastal wetland of the Northeastern Algeria (the wetland of Lake Tonga), highlighting thereby the ecological mechanisms that support their coexistence and their resources partitioning. The analysis of resource exploitation (Relative frequency, Feinsinger niche breadth, Pianka niche overlap and Ivlev’s electivity indexes) showed that waterbird species inhabiting the lake wetland have several similarities in using the different habitat categories, which lead us to cluster them into 5 guilds (G1: one rails, two grebes and eight ducks; G2: five wading species and one gull; G3: three herons; G4: cormorants, mallards, and on gull; finally, G5: only one species Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis).Almost all the species were specialists in resource utilization patterns (narrow niche breadths, both under 0.3) and therefore, vulnerable to fluctuations in resources, particularly the feeding habitats. Mean niche overlaps for all the pairs of species ranged from 0.05 to 0.68. The overall pattern in the community was higher niche overlaps between the species of a particular guild than those between other species. According to Ivlev’s electivity index, we found that only three microhabitats from seven were the most important for the discussed species, open water body was the most attractive, followed by meadows, muddy areas and floating- leafed vegetation. Similarities on habitat requirements derived from our region can provide important and optimal wetland management at multi-species assemblage level for this wetland and similar area around the African coast.