bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchically Porous Carbon as a High‐Rate and Long‐Life Electrode Material for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Guo Junhong , Guo Hongwei , Zhang Li , Yang Baoping , Cui Jinfeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, cost‐effective hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) derived from starch was successfully prepared through a simple mixing and subsequent one‐step carbonization method. Based on the three‐dimensional interconnected hierarchically porous structure, HPC exhibits a high specific surface area of 2259.54 m2 g−1 and a specific capacitance of 385.7 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a three‐electrode system. When the as‐prepared carbon was employed to fabricate an aqueous symmetrical supercapacitor, the device displayed a high specific capacitance of 81.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and even at 20 A g−1 the specific capacitance remained 64 F g−1 (capacity retention rate of 78.72 % compares with that at 1 A g−1), demonstrating an outstanding rate performance. This supercapacitor maintained a capacity retention of 100 % after 60 000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1, indicating superior long‐term cycling stability. Furthermore, when the as‐prepared carbon was employed to fabricate a symmetrical supercapacitor in ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, EMIMBF4) electrolyte, it ultimately achieved an ultrahigh energy density of 133.94 Wh kg−1 (power density of 1997.51 W kg−1) and a capacity retention rate of 83.3 % was maintained after 5000 cycles throughout a wide operating potential window of 0–4 V at 10 A g−1.
The Mercury Problem in Artisanal and Small‐Scale Gold Mining
Authors: Esdaile Louisa J. , Chalker Justin M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMercury‐dependent artisanal and small‐scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest source of mercury pollution on Earth. In this practice, elemental mercury is used to extract gold from ore as an amalgam. The amalgam is typically isolated by hand and then heated—often with a torch or over a stove—to distill the mercury and isolate the gold. Mercury release from tailings and vaporized mercury exceed 1000 tonnes each year from ASGM. The health effects on the miners are dire, with inhaled mercury leading to neurological damage and other health issues. The communities near these mines are also affected due to mercury contamination of water and soil and subsequent accumulation in food staples, such as fish—a major source of dietary protein in many ASGM regions. The risks to children are also substantial, with mercury emissions from ASGM resulting in both physical and mental disabilities and compromised development. Between 10 and 19 million people use mercury to mine for gold in more than 70 countries, making mercury pollution from ASGM a global issue. With the Minamata Convention on Mercury entering force this year, there is political motivation to help overcome the problem of mercury in ASGM. In this effort, chemists can play a central role. Here, the problem of mercury in ASGM is reviewed with a discussion on how the chemistry community can contribute solutions. Introducing portable and low‐cost mercury sensors, inexpensive and scalable remediation technologies, novel methods to prevent mercury uptake in fish and food crops, and efficient and easy‐to‐use mercury‐free mining techniques are all ways in which the chemistry community can help. To meet these challenges, it is critical that new technologies or techniques are low‐cost and adaptable to the remote and under‐resourced areas in which ASGM is most common. The problem of mercury pollution in ASGM is inherently a chemistry problem. We therefore encourage the chemistry community to consider and address this issue that affects the health of millions of people.
Acetoxymethyl Concept for Intracellular Administration of Carbon Monoxide with Mn(CO)3‐Based PhotoCORMs
Authors: Mede Ralf , Hoffmann Patrick , Neumann Clara , Görls Helmar , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Neugebauer Ute , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTargeted administration of carbon monoxide with CO releasing molecules (CORMs) inside of cells proved to be very challenging. Consequently, there are only very few reports on intracellular uptake of CORMs requiring high extracellular CORM loading because an equilibrium between extra‐ and intracellular concentrations can be assumed. Here we present a strategy for a targeted intracellular administration of manganese(I)‐based CORMs that are altered inside of cells to trap these complexes. Thereafter, carbon monoxide can be liberated by irradiation (photoCORMs). To achieve this innovative task, acetoxymethyl (AM) groups are attached at the periphery of the hydrophobic manganese(I) carbonyl complexes to not influence the CO release behavior. Inside of cells these AM substituents are cleaved by esterases yielding hydrophilic manganese(I) carbonyl compounds which are captured inside of cells. This objective is realized by using the bidentate bases 4‐(acetoxymethoxycarbonyl)phenyl‐bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)methane (1) and 4‐(acetoxymethoxy)phenyl‐bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)methane (4) at facial (OC)3MnBr fragments yielding CORM‐AM1 (2) and CORM‐AM2 (5), respectively. Besides synthesis, crystal structures and spectroscopic properties we present targeted administration and intracellular accumulation of these AM‐containing CORMs.
Sialyl Tn Unit with TFA‐Labile Protection Realizes Efficient Synthesis of Sialyl Glycoprotein
Authors: Takeda Naoki , Takei Toshiki , Asahina Yuya , Hojo Hironobu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAmino acids bearing 4‐methylbenzyl (MBn) and 4‐methoxybenzyl (MPM)‐protected sialic acid were synthesized and used for the 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid‐phase synthesis of a glycopeptide. The α‐sialyl linkage of the MBn‐protected unit was partially cleaved under the final deprotection by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). In addition, the removal of several MBn groups were incomplete. On the other hand, the MPM‐protected unit gave the desired glycopeptide without decomposition of the α‐sialyl linkage. Using this unit, peptide thioesters of the tandem repeat unit of MUC1 mucin were synthesized by the N‐alkylcysteine (NAC) method and used for the one‐pot ligation by the thioester method. As a result, the three tandem repeats of MUC1 carrying sialyl Tn antigens were successfully synthesized.
Evidence for Novel Action at the Cell‐Binding Site of Human Angiogenin Revealed by Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy, in silico and in vivo Studies
Authors: Chatzileontiadou Demetra S. M. , Tsika Aikaterini C. , Diamantopoulou Zoi , Delbé Jean , Badet Josette , Courty José , Skamnaki Vassiliki T. , Parmenopoulou Vanessa , Komiotis Dimitri , Hayes Joseph M. , Spyroulias Georgios A. , Leonidas Demetres D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA member of the ribonuclease A superfamily, human angiogenin (hAng) is a potent angiogenic factor. Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy combined with induced‐fit docking revealed a dual binding mode for the most antiangiogenic compound of a series of ribofuranosyl pyrimidine nucleosides that strongly inhibit hAng's angiogenic activity in vivo. While modeling suggests the potential for simultaneous binding of the inhibitors at the active and cell‐binding sites, NMR studies indicate greater affinity for the cell‐binding site than for the active site. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations at 100 ns confirmed the stability of binding at the cell‐binding site with the predicted protein–ligand interactions, in excellent agreement with the NMR data. This is the first time that a nucleoside inhibitor is reported to completely inhibit the angiogenic activity of hAng in vivo by exerting dual inhibitory activity on hAng, blocking both the entrance of hAng into the cell and its ribonucleolytic activity.
Assessment of the antinociceptive and ulcerogenic activity of the tapentadol–diclofenac combination in rodents
Authors: Zapata‐Morales Juan R. , Alonso‐Castro Ángel J. , Granados‐Soto Vinicio , Sánchez‐Enriquez Sergio , Isiordia‐Espinoza Mario A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Preclinical Research & Development

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the tapentadol–diclofenac combination in three dose‐ratios in the mouse acetic acid‐induced visceral pain and their ulcerogenic activity on the stomachal mucous. Dose‐response curves were generated for tapentadol, diclofenac, and their combination in the acetic acid‐induced writhing test in mice. Moreover, the stomachs of animals were surgically removal and gastrointestinal ulcerogenic action of the combination was assessed. The isobolographic analysis, interaction index, and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The isobolographic analysis and interaction index showed a similar antinociceptive activity for the three combinations of the analgesic mixture. Moreover, tapentadol and the proportions 1:1 or 3:1 of the analgesic combination caused a mild gastrointestinal damage. These data indicate that the systemic co‐administration of tapentadol and diclofenac produced a synergistic interaction in the acetic acid‐induced visceral pain test with an acceptable gastric damage profile in mice.
Transcoronary concentration gradients of circulating microRNAs in heart failure
Authors: De Rosa Salvatore , Eposito Francesca , Carella Cristina , Strangio Antonio , Ammirati Giuseppe , Sabatino Jolanda , Abbate Fabio Giovanni , Iaconetti Claudio , Liguori Vincenzo , Pergola Valerio , Polimeni Alberto , Coletta Silvio , Gareri Clarice , Trimarco Bruno , Stabile Giuseppe , Curcio Antonio , Indolfi Ciro , Rapacciuolo Antonio 
Published: January 2018

AimsCirculating levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) are emergent promising biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. Altered expression of miRNAs has been related to heart failure (HF) and cardiac remodelling. We measured the concentration gradients across the coronary circulation to assess their usefulness to diagnose HF of different aetiologies.Methods and resultsCirculating miRNAs were measured in plasma samples simultaneously obtained from the aorta and the coronary venous sinus in patients with non‐ischaemic HF (NICM‐HF, n = 23) ischaemic HF (ICM‐HF, n = 41), and in control patients (n = 11). A differential modulation of circulating levels of miR‐423, ‐34a, ‐21‐3p, ‐126, ‐199 and ‐30a was found across the aetiology groups. Interestingly, a positive transcoronary gradient was found for miR‐423 (P < 0.001) and miR‐34a (P < 0.001) only in the ICM‐HF group. On the contrary, a positive gradient was found for miR‐21‐3p (P < 0.001) and miR‐30a (P = 0.030) only in the NICM‐HF group. Finally, no significant variations were observed in the transcoronary gradient of miR‐126 or miR‐199.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that circulating levels of miRNAs are differentially expressed in patients with HF of different aetiologies. The presence of a transcoronary concentration gradient suggests a selective release of miRNAs by the failing heart into the coronary circulation. The presence of aetiology‐specific transcoronary concentration gradients in HF patients might provide important information to better understand their role in HF, and suggests they could be useful biomarkers to distinguish HF of different aetiologies.
Association between mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure throughout the follow‐up and cardiovascular events in acute myocardial infarction patients with systolic dysfunction and/or heart failure: an analysis from the High‐Risk Myocardial Infarction Database Initiative
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Duarte Kevin , Pfeffer Marc A. , McMurray John J.V. , Pitt Bertram , Dickstein Kenneth , Zannad Faiez , Rossignol Patrick ,   for the High‐Risk Myocardial Infarction Database Initiative
Published: January 2018

BackgroundObservational data have described the association of blood pressure (BP) with mortality as ‘J‐shaped’, meaning that mortality rates increase below a certain BP threshold. We aimed to analyse the associations between BP and prognosis in a population of acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients with heart failure (HF) and/or systolic dysfunction.Methods and resultsThe datasets included in this pooling initiative are derived from four trials: CAPRICORN, EPHESUS, OPTIMAAL, and VALIANT. A total of 28 771 patients were included in this analysis. Arithmetic means of all office BP values measured throughout follow‐up were used. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death. The mean age was 65 ± 11.5 years and 30% were female. Patients in the lower systolic BP (SBP) quintiles had higher rates of cardiovascular death (reference: SBP 121–128 mmHg) [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.26–2.74 for SBP ≤112 mmHg, and HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16–1.43 for SBP 113–120 mmHg]. The findings for HF hospitalization and MI were similar. However, stroke rates were higher in patients within the highest SBP quintile (reference: SBP 121–128 mmHg) (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11–1.72). Patients who died had a much shorter follow‐up (0.7 vs. 2.1 years), less BP measurements (4.6 vs. 9.8) and lower mean BP (–8 mmHg in the last SBP measurement compared with patients who remained alive during the follow‐up), suggesting that the associations of low BP and increased cardiovascular death represent a reverse causality phenomenon.ConclusionSystolic BP values <125 mmHg were associated with increased cardiovascular death, but these findings likely represent a reverse causality phenomenon.
Comparing the effects of atrazine and an environmentally relevant mixture on estrogen-responsive gene expression in the northern leopard frog and the fathead minnow
Authors: Ali Jonathan M. , Knight Lindsey A. , D'Souza Del L. , Kolok Alan S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

In Nebraska, fish are exposed to herbicides in agricultural runoff. The study objectives were to determine 1) if fathead minnows and northern leopard frogs exposed to atrazine experience alterations in gene expression, and 2) whether these changes are elicited by a simulated herbicide mixture. Following a 7-d exposure to atrazine, female minnows were defeminized, whereas male frogs were feminized. The mixture did not elicit statistically significant effects in either species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1182–1188. © 2018 SETAC
Ecotoxicology of manufactured graphene oxide nanomaterials and derivation of preliminary guideline values for freshwater environments
Authors: Markovic Marijana , Kumar Anupama , Andjelkovic Ivan , Lath Supriya , Kirby Jason K. , Losic Dusan , Batley Graeme E. , McLaughlin Michael J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

The unique physical and chemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) have inspired a diverse range of scientific and industrial applications. The market value of GNMs is predicted to reach $US 1.3 billion by 2023. Common to many nanomaterials, an important and unresolved question is the environmental consequences of the increases in GNMs use. The current deficiencies in studies reporting ecotoxicology data for GNMs include differences in analytical methodologies for quantification, no standardized test guidelines, differences in morphology of GNMs, the lack of Chemical Abstract Service numbers, and the quality of the reported data. The assessment of potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms typically relies on guideline values based on species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of toxicity data. We present preliminary water quality guideline values for graphene oxide NMs in freshwaters. Data include 10 species from 7 phyla (bacteria and fungi were not included). The most sensitive organism was found to be the freshwater shrimp Palaemon pandaliformis. The derived guideline values for 99, 95, 90, and 80% species protection were 350, 600, 830, and 1300 μg/L, respectively. These results will contribute to the regulatory derivations of future water quality guideline values for graphene-based NMs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1340–1348. © 2018 SETAC
Improving throughput in DMM with mobile‐assisted flow mobility
Authors: Peña Llerena Yarisley , Gondim Paulo R. L. , Lloret Jaime 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of new applications and mobile devices has increased the data traffic in cellular networks and required throughput improvements, which can be achieved through heterogeneous access networks, where multimodal user devices able to establish simultaneous connections with different access networks are considered. Such connections and data offloading between Wi‐Fi and cellular networks provide load balancing and increase the throughput of heterogeneous cellular networks. Offloading can be performed at the network layer through the move of Internet Protocol (IP) flows, and mobility management solutions can be used as a basis for this purpose. This article proposes an architecture called Seamless IP Flow and Distributed Mobility Management (SIFDMM), which is based on a distributed mobility management solution and improves heterogeneous network throughput by moving IP flows between Wi‐Fi and LTE networks. SIFDMM mitigates congestion in the networks and causes no problem of single point of failure, scalability, and reliability of centralized solutions. An analytical comparison was performed for an effective demonstration of the throughput improvement in heterogeneous networks.
Transcription factors early growth response gene (Egr) 2 and 3 control inflammatory responses of tolerant T cells
Authors: Omodho Becky , Miao Tizong , Symonds Alistair L.J. , Singh Randeep , Li Suling , Wang Ping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionImpaired proliferation and production of IL2 are the hallmarks of experimental T cell tolerance. However, in most autoimmune diseases, auto‐reactive T cells do not display hyper proliferation, but inflammatory phenotypes.MethodsWe have now demonstrated that the transcription factors Egr2 and 3 are important for the control of inflammatory cytokine production by tolerant T cells, but not for tolerance induction.ResultsIn the absence of Egr2 and 3, T cell tolerance, as measured by impaired proliferation and production of IL2, can still be induced, but tolerant T cells produced high levels of inflammatory cytokines. Egr2 and 3 regulate expression of differentiation repressors and directly inhibit T‐bet function in T cells. Indeed, decreased expression of differentiation repressors, such as Id3 and Tcf1, and increased expression of inflammatory transcription factors, such as RORγt and Bhlhe40 were found in Egr2/3 deficient T cells under tolerogenic conditions. In addition, T‐bet was co‐expressed with Egr2 in tolerant T cells and Egr2/3 defects leads to production of high levels of IFNγ in tolerant T cells.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that despite impaired proliferation and IL2 production, tolerant T cells can display inflammatory responses in response to antigen stimulation and this is controlled at least partly by Egr2 and 3.
DISORGANIZATION, FEAR AND ATTACHMENT: WORKING TOWARDS CLARIFICATION
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn 1990, M. Main and J. Solomon introduced the procedures for coding a new “disorganized” infant attachment classification for the Ainsworth Strange Situation procedure (M.D.S. Ainsworth, M. Blehar, E. Waters, & S. Wall, 1978). This classification has received a high degree of interest, both from researchers and from child welfare and clinical practitioners. Disorganized attachment has primarily been understood through the lens of E. Hesse and M. Main's concept of “fright without solution,” taken to mean that an infant experiences a conflict between a desire to approach and flee from a frightening parent when confronted by the Strange Situation. Yet, looking back, it can be observed that the way Hesse and Main's texts were formulated and read has generated confusion; there have been repeated calls in recent years for renewed theory and clarification about the relationship between disorganization and fear. Responding to these calls, this article revisits the texts that introduced the idea of fright without solution, clarifying their claims through articulating more precisely the different meanings of the term fear. This clarified account will then be applied to consideration of pathways to infant disorganized behaviors.
Roles and Efforts of the Irrigation Sector in Myanmar Agricultural Practice
Authors: Than Mu Mu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAgriculture has always been the dominant sector in the economy of Myanmar. The agricultural sector contributes 22.1% of the gross domestic product (GDP) (2014–2015), 20% of total export earnings and employs more than 61.2% of the labour force. At present, the country produces enough food to supply its people and export the surplus production. The total land area of Myanmar is 67.7 Mha (million hectares), and the cultivable land is 26% of the total area, i.e. 17.7 Mha, of which only about 12.0 Mha is net sown area. Also, Myanmar is rich in water resources potential, of which surface water is about 108 000 Mm3 of water volume per annum while groundwater potential is about 49 500 Mm3 in 8 river basins in the country. As a part of water resources utilization in the agricultural sector, 581 irrigation dams have been completed, further increasing the irrigable area of 2.78 Mha by the end of March 2016. Because of the traditional irrigation practice of plot‐to‐plot irrigation, water productivity (WP) is only 40%. In order to improve WP as well as environmental conservation, farmer participation is of vital importance for improving agricultural productivity and poverty alleviation by enhancing irrigation and drainage schemes in agricultural sector development. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oblivious, paranoid, and disclosed negative ties: An examination of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between negative ties and job performance
Authors: Al‐Atwi Amer Ali 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis study extends the literature on negative relationships by proposing a classification of negative ties that involve oblivious, paranoid, and disclosed ties. This classification provides a guide to explore the causal mechanisms that underlie the relationship of negative ties to individual job performance (productivity and task performance). Specifically, we hypothesize that (a) disclosed and oblivious ties can constrain opportunity to perform through structural empowerment and (b) disclosed and paranoid ties can constrain willingness to perform through psychological empowerment. Drawing on data from 121 faculty members working in a public college located in the south of Iraq, we found structural empowerment and psychological empowerment to be the mediating variables in the negative ties–performance relationship. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Chromatographic efficiency of polar capillary columns applied for the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters by gas chromatography
Authors: Waktola Habtewold D. , Mjøs Svein A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe chromatographic efficiency that could be achieved in temperature‐programmed gas chromatography was compared for four capillary columns that are typically applied for analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Three different carrier gases, hydrogen, helium and nitrogen, were applied. For each experiment, the carrier gas velocities and the temperature rates were varied with a full 9 × 3 design, with nine levels on the carrier gas velocity and temperature rates of 1, 2 or 3°C/min. Response surface methodology was used to create models of chromatographic efficiency as a function of temperature rate and carrier gas velocity. The chromatographic efficiency was defined as the inverse of peak widths measured in retention index units. The final results were standardized so that the efficiencies that could be achieved within a certain time frame, defined by the retention time of the last compound in the chromatogram, could be compared. The results show that there were clear differences in the efficiencies that could be achieved with the different columns and that the efficiency decreased with increasing polarity of the stationary phase. The differences can be explained by higher resistance to mass transfer in the stationary phase in the most polar columns.