bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a feasible and responsive ultrasound inflammation score for rheumatoid arthritis through a data-driven approach
Authors: Aga Anna-Birgitte , Berner Hammer Hilde , Christoffer Olsen Inge , Uhlig Till , Kvien Tore K , van der Heijde Désirée , Fremstad Hallvard , Madland Tor Magne , Lexberg Åse Stavland , Haukeland Hilde , Rødevand Erik , Høili Christian , Stray Hilde , Noraas Anne Lindtner , Widding Hansen Inger Johanne , Bakland Gunnstein , Lillegraven Siri , Lie Elisabeth , Haavardsholm Espen A 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a responsive and feasible ultrasound inflammation score for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe used data from cohorts of early RA (development) and established RA starting/switching biologic therapy (validation). 4 tendons and 36 joints were examined by a grey scale (GSUS) and power Doppler semiquantitative ultrasound (PDUS) scoring system (full score). Ultrasound score components were selected based on factor analyses of 3-month change in the development cohort. Responsiveness was assessed by standardised response means (SRMs). We assessed the proportion of information retained from the full score by linear regression.Results118 patients with early and 212 patients with established RA were included. The final ultrasound score included 8 joints (metacarpophalangeal 1–2–3, proximal interphalangeal 2–3, radiocarpal, metatarsophalangeal 2–3) and 1 tendon (extensor carpi ulnaris) examined bilaterally. The 6-month SRMs for the final score were −1.24 (95% CI −1.47 to −1.02) for GSUS, and −1.09 (−1.25 to −0.92) for PDUS in early RA, with 87% of total information retained for GSUS and 90% for PDUS. The new score performed somewhat better than formerly proposed scores in the validation cohort.ConclusionsThe Ultrasound in Rheumatoid Arthritis 9 joint/tendon score (USRA9) inflammation score showed good responsiveness, retained most of the information from the original full score and overall performed better than previous scores in a validation cohort.Trial registration numbersNCT01205854, ACTRN12610000284066; Post-results.
MicroRNA-194 Promotes Prostate Cancer Metastasis by Inhibiting SOCS2
Authors: Das Rajdeep , Gregory Philip A. , Fernandes Rayzel C. , Denis Iza , Wang Qingqing , Townley Scott L. , Zhao Shuang G. , Hanson Adrienne R. , Pickering Marie A. , Armstrong Heather K. , Lokman Noor A. , Ebrahimie Esmaeil , Davicioni Elai , Jenkins Robert B. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Ross Ashley E. , Den Robert B. , Klein Eric A. , Chi Kim N. , Ramshaw Hayley S. , Williams Elizabeth D. , Zoubeidi Amina , Goodall Gregory J. , Feng Felix Y. , Butler Lisa M. , Tilley Wayne D. , Selth Luke A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Serum levels of miR-194 have been reported to predict prostate cancer recurrence after surgery, but its functional contributions to this disease have not been studied. Herein, it is demonstrated that miR-194 is a driver of prostate cancer metastasis. Prostate tissue levels of miR-194 were associated with disease aggressiveness and poor outcome. Ectopic delivery of miR-194 stimulated migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human prostate cancer cell lines, and stable overexpression of miR-194 enhanced metastasis of intravenous and intraprostatic tumor xenografts. Conversely, inhibition of miR-194 activity suppressed the invasive capacity of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations identified the ubiquitin ligase suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) as a direct, biologically relevant target of miR-194 in prostate cancer. Low levels of SOCS2 correlated strongly with disease recurrence and metastasis in clinical specimens. SOCS2 downregulation recapitulated miR-194–driven metastatic phenotypes, whereas overexpression of a nontargetable SOCS2 reduced miR-194–stimulated invasion. Targeting of SOCS2 by miR-194 resulted in derepression of the oncogenic kinases FLT3 and JAK2, leading to enhanced ERK and STAT3 signaling. Pharmacologic inhibition of ERK and JAK/STAT pathways reversed miR-194–driven phenotypes. The GATA2 transcription factor was identified as an upstream regulator of miR-194, consistent with a strong concordance between GATA2 and miR-194 levels in clinical specimens. Overall, these results offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of metastatic progression in prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 77(4); 1021–34. ©2016 AACR.
18F-Fluoroestradiol PET/CT Measurement of Estrogen Receptor Suppression during a Phase I Trial of the Novel Estrogen Receptor-Targeted Therapeutic GDC-0810: Using an Imaging Biomarker to Guide Drug Dosage in Subsequent Trials
Authors: Wang Yingbing , Ayres Karen L. , Goldman Debra A. , Dickler Maura N. , Bardia Aditya , Mayer Ingrid A. , Winer Eric , Fredrickson Jill , Arteaga Carlos L. , Baselga José , Manning Henry C. , Mahmood Umar , Ulaner Gary A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Evaluate 18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) PET/CT as a biomarker of estrogen receptor (ER) occupancy and/or downregulation during phase I dose escalation of the novel ER targeting therapeutic GDC-0810 and help select drug dosage for subsequent clinical trials.
Experimental Design: In a phase I clinical trial of GDC-0810, patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer underwent FES PET/CT before beginning therapy and at cycle 2, day 3 of GDC-0810 therapy. Up to five target lesions were selected per patient, and FES standardized uptake value (SUV) corrected for background was recorded for each lesion pretherapy and on-therapy. Complete ER downregulation was defined as ≥90% decrease in FES SUV. The effect of prior tamoxifen and fulvestrant therapy on FES SUV was assessed.
Results: Of 30 patients who underwent paired FES-PET scans, 24 (80%) achieved ≥90% decrease in FES avidity, including 1 of 3 patients receiving 200 mg/day, 2 of 4 patients receiving 400 mg/day, 14 of 16 patients receiving 600 mg/day, and 7 of 7 patients receiving 800 mg/day. Withdrawal of tamoxifen 2 months prior to FES PET/CT and withdrawal of fulvestrant 6 months prior to FES PET/CT both appeared sufficient to prevent effects on FES SUV. A dosage of 600 mg GDC-0810 per day was selected for phase II in part due to decreases in FES SUV achieved in phase I.
Conclusions: FES PET/CT was a useful biomarker of ER occupancy and/or downregulation in a phase I dose escalation trial of GDC-0810 and helped select the dosage of the ER antagonist/degrader for phase II trials. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3053–60. ©2016 AACR.
Chronic effects of air pollution on lung function after lung transplantation in the Systems prediction of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (SysCLAD) study
Authors: Benmerad Meriem , Slama Rémy , Botturi Karine , Claustre Johanna , Roux Antoine , Sage Edouard , Reynaud-Gaubert Martine , Gomez Carine , Kessler Romain , Brugière Olivier , Mornex Jean-François , Mussot Sacha , Dahan Marcel , Boussaud Véronique , Danner-Boucher Isabelle , Dromer Claire , Knoop Christiane , Auffray Annick , Lepeule Johanna , Malherbe Laure , Meleux Frederik , Nicod Laurent , Magnan Antoine , Pison Christophe , Siroux Valérie 
Published: December 2016

An irreversible loss in lung function limits the long-term success in lung transplantation. We evaluated the role of chronic exposure to ambient air pollution on lung function levels in lung transplant recipients (LTRs).The lung function of 520 LTRs from the Cohort in Lung Transplantation (COLT) study was measured every 6 months. The levels of air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with an aerodynamic cut-off diameter of x µm (PMx) and ozone (O3)) at the patients' home address were averaged in the 12 months before each spirometry test. The effects of air pollutants on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in % predicted were estimated using mixed linear regressions. We assessed the effect modification of macrolide antibiotics in this relationship.Increased 12-month levels of pollutants were associated with lower levels of FVC % pred (−2.56%, 95% CI −3.86–−1.25 for 5 µg·m−3of PM10; −0.75%, 95% CI −1.38–−0.12 for 2 µg·m−3of PM2.5and −2.58%, 95% CI −4.63–−0.53 for 10 µg·m−3of NO2). In patients not taking macrolides, the deleterious association between PM and FVC tended to be stronger and PM10was associated with lower FEV1.Our study suggests a deleterious effect of chronic exposure to air pollutants on lung function levels in LTRs, which might be modified with macrolides.
Risk of cardiovascular disease among patients with sarcoidosis: a population-based retrospective cohort study, 1976–2013
Authors: Ungprasert Patompong , Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L. 
Published: December 2016

A higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been observed in several chronic inflammatory diseases. However, data on sarcoidosis are limited.In this study, 345 patients with incident sarcoidosis in Olmsted County (Minnesota, USA) during 1976–2013 were identified based on comprehensive medical record review. 345 sex- and age-matched comparators were also identified from the same underlying population. Medical records were individually reviewed for CVD, including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral arterial disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for age, sex, calendar year and cardiovascular risk factors were used to compare the rate of development of CVD between cases and comparators.The prevalence of CVD before the index date was not significantly different between the two groups. Adjusting for age, sex and calendar year, the risk of incident CVD after the index date was significantly elevated among patients with sarcoidosis with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.57 (95% CI 1.15–2.16). Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors yielded an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.65 (95% CI 1.08–2.53). Significantly increased risk was also observed for several types of CVD, including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation and cerebrovascular accident.Increased incidence of CVD among patients with sarcoidosis was demonstrated in this population-based cohort, even after controlling for baseline traditional atherosclerotic risk factors.
The Alternative Epistemologies of Data Activism
Authors: Milan Stefania , Velden Lonneke van der 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
As datafication progressively invades all spheres of contemporary society, citizens grow increasingly aware of the critical role of information as the new fabric of social life. This awareness triggers new forms of civic engagement and political action that we term “data activism”. Data activism indicates the range of sociotechnical practices that interrogate the fundamental paradigm shift brought about by datafication. Combining Science and Technology Studies with Social Movement Studies, this theoretical article offers a foretaste of a research agenda on data activism. It foregrounds democratic agency vis-à-vis datafication, and unites under the same label ways of affirmative engagement with data (“proactive data activism”, e. g. databased advocacy) and tactics of resistance to massive data collection (“reactive data activism”, e. g. encryption practices), understood as a continuum along which activists position and reposition themselves and their tactics. The article argues that data activism supports the emergence of novel epistemic cultures within the realm of civil society, making sense of data as a way of knowing the world and turning it into a point of intervention and generation of data countercultures. It offers the notion of data activism as a heuristic tool for the study of new forms of political participation and civil engagement in the age of datafication, and explores data activism as an evolving theoretical construct susceptible to contestation and revision.
Galen on Reason and Appetite: A Study of the De Moribus
Authors: Kaufman David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThroughout his ethical and psychological works, Galen is emphatic about his support for tripartite Platonic psychology; however, for the most part, his works offer rather little detail on the character of each of the three parts and especially of their interaction with each other. His fullest extant account of the interrelationship of the three parts of the soul is found in the Arabic epitome of his lost treatise
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi – Werke und Briefwechsel
Authors: Jaeschke Walter , Sandkaulen Birgit 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
It’s only recently that an edition of Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi’s work may be judged appropriate to his philosophical significance, which was emphasized by Fichte and Hegel but later misjudged. Apart from one volume of commentary, the complete edition of Jacobi’s writings has been compiled. Following a long break the complete edition of his correspondence is currently entering its final phase. Both editions will be accompanied by an online dictionary of Jacobi’s key concepts that also take into account his influence on the epoch of Classical German Philosophy.
Von Mücken und Menschen
Authors: Doomen Jasper 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article discusses the status of animal rights, and more particularly whether these rights may be defended from a natural rights perspective or from an ethical perspective. I argue that both options fail. The same analysis applies in the case of humanity. ‘Humanity’ does not bring with it the acknowledgement of such rights, nor does a focus on what is arguably characteristic of humanity, namely, reason. Reason is decisive, though, in another respect, namely, the fact that reasonable beings can claim and lay down rights. It does not follow from this that animals should have no rights, since human beings may be motivated to constitute such rights, thus providing the most solid basis for them.
Numerical analysis of a skew rolling process for
producing a crankshaft preform
Authors: Lis Konrad , Wójcik Łukasz , Pater Zbigniew 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The paper describes a new method for forming
a crankshaft preform. The method is based on the skew
rolling technique. With this method the part is formed by
three tapered rolls rotated with the same velocity and in
the same direction. Simultaneously, the rolls either converge
or diverge depending on the desired cross section of
the product. The numerical modeling enabled determination
of the distributions of effective strains, temperatures,
and damage function according to the Cockroft - Latham
criterion, aswell as variations in the loads and torques during
rolling. The results confirm that a crankshaft preform
can be formed by the proposed skew rolling method.
Trends, over 14 years, in the ground cover on an unimproved western hill grazed by sheep, and associated trends in animal performance
Authors: Walsh M. , Hanrahan J.P. , O’Malley L. , Moles R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe frequency of individual plant species at ground level and the species composition of the unimproved vegetation on a western hill farm, stocked with Scottish Blackface sheep, were monitored from 1995 to 2008. Performance criteria of the flock that relied totally, or almost totally, on this vegetation for sustenance from 1994 to 2011 were evaluated. The frequency of vegetation increased over time (from 65% to 82% of the surface area;P< 0.05), with a corresponding decline in the frequency of bare soil, thus reducing vulnerability to soil erosion. This increased incidence of vegetation cover reflected increases in ‘other forbs’(P< 0.01), heather(P< 0.05)and grass (P< 0.08).A significant change (P< 0.05) also occurred in the species composition of the vegetation, reflecting an increase in the proportions of ‘other forbs’ (P< 0.05) and heather (P= 0.14), and a decline in the proportion of sedges (P= 0.14). A similar pattern occurred in the two main habitats: blanket bog and wet heath. Annual stocking rate (ewes per hectare, based on actual ewe grazing days) on the unimproved hill grazing averaged 0.9 (0.13 livestock units) per hectare prior to 1999 and 0.78 (0.11 livestock units) per hectare subsequently. There was no trend in weight gain of replacement females while confined to the unimproved hill area between weaning (14 weeks old) and first joining at 18 months of age. A negative trend (P< 0.01) occurred in the pre-weaning growth rate of lambs on the hill. The average number of lambs reared per ewe joined (reflecting fertility, litter size and ewe/lamb mortality) was 1.0, and this showed no evidence of change over time. The study flock performed 10% to > 60% better, depending on the variable, than similar flocks in the National Farm Survey at comparable stocking rates. A well-defined rational management system can sustain a productive sheep enterprise on unimproved hill land without negative consequences for the frequency or composition of the vegetation.
Sexual temptation: substance abuse, no sex, safe sex, risky sex, and STDs
Authors: Sutarso Toto , Tang Thomas Li-Ping , Anerin Denny R. , McCartt Intan W. S. , Gibson Courtney B. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background
University students’ substance abuse and risky sex contribute to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Purpose
We develop and empirically test a formative theoretical model of sexual temptation involving substance abuse (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana), safe sexual behavior (use of condom/barrier for oral and vaginal intercourse), risky sexual behavior (unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners), and STDs: gonorrhea, HIV, and genital herpes. We simultaneously explore these constructs, controlling membership in social groups (fraternity/sorority, varsity athlete, and club sports) and perceived norm of substance abuse.

Methods
A total of 687 American university students completed the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). We use structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the goodness of fit between our formative theoretical model and actual data.

Results
Results reveal the following discoveries: membership in campus social groups is positively associated with STDs, whereas perceived norm of peer substance abuse is negatively related to STDs. Under the influence of substance abuse, we test three outcomes of sexual temptation as related to STDs. Those who have no sex do not contract STDs. For those who fall into temptation and have sex, substance abuse is more strongly related to risky sex which leads to STDs than safe sex which does not. Those engaging in risky sex have significantly higher cognitive impairment than those practicing safe sex.

Conclusions
Substance abuse contributes to STDs through risky sex only. Those having risky sex suffer higher cognitive impairment than those practicing safe sex. We provide novel implications to policy makers, practitioners, and researchers.
Remembering a Conversation – A Conversational Memory Architecture for Embodied Conversational Agents
Authors: Elvir Miguel , Gonzalez Avelino J. , Walls Christopher , Wilder Bryan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper addresses the role of conversational memory in Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs). It describes an investigation into developing such a memory architecture and integrating it into an ECA. ECAs are virtual agents whose purpose is to engage in conversations with human users, typically through natural language speech. While several works in the literature seek to produce viable ECA dialog architectures, only a few authors have addressed the episodic memory architectures in conversational agents and their role in enhancing their intelligence. In this work, we propose, implement, and test a unified episodic memory architecture for ECAs. We describe a process that determines the prevalent contexts in the conversations obtained from the interactions. The process presented demonstrates the use of multiple techniques to extract and store relevant snippets from long conversations, most of whose contents are unremarkable and need not be remembered. The mechanisms used to store, retrieve, and recall episodes from previous conversations are presented and discussed. Finally, we test our episodic memory architecture to assess its effectiveness. The results indicate moderate success in some aspects of the memory-enhanced ECAs, as well as some work still to be done in other aspects.
Type-ology or typ-ology?
Authors: Heath Jeffrey 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTypology based on codable traits has its heyday early in the development of any biological science. In mature disciplines it has long since given way to diachronic models of how complex structures evolve in shifting environments. Linguistic typology is no different. It also faces existential crises from recognition that its categories are dubiously universal and that global samples conceal macroareal biases. To avoid irrelevance, typology should blend into the linguistic landscape. It should defragment by refocusing on interdomain interactions (e.g., between mood and anaphora), and rediscover extreme languages and Sapirean types. Simultaneously, it must decentralize operationally into more manageable and illuminating family-level synchronic-diachronic microtypology.
Linguistic typology in natural language processing
Authors: Bender Emily M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the ways in which the field of natural language processing (NLP) can and does benefit from work in linguistic typology. I describe the recent increase in interest in multilingual natural language processing and give a high-level overview of the field. I then turn to a discussion of how linguistic knowledge in general is incorporated in NLP technology before describing how typological results in particular are used. I consider both rule-based and machine learning approaches to NLP and review literature on predicting typological features as well as that which leverages such features.
Porosity and Surface Modifications on Carbon
Materials for Capacitance Improvement
Authors: Cuentas-Gallegos A.K. , Rayón-López N. , Mejía L.M. , Vidales H. Villafán , Miranda-Hernández M. , Robles M. , Muńiz-Soria J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Supercapacitors (SC) are energy storage devices
with higher power but lower energy density than Li batteries.
SC store energy based on two mechanisms: double
layer capacitance (non-Faradaic) and pseudocapacitance
(faradaic). Porous carbon materials have been extensively
used as electrodes in SC, where their great surface area
and pore size distribution have been the main properties
for capacitance improvement. Nevertheless, these properties
have shown limitations since they cannot be highly
increased without losing electric conductivity, which is
detrimental for the power requirements of SC. An alternative
approach to increase capacitance has been the surface
modification of carbon materials by introducing faradaic
contributions. In this mini review, the effect of surface
area, porosity, surface modification by doping or functionalization,
and introduction of electroactive oxides are discussed
to show how these factors influences the intrinsic
capacitance values of different carbon materials; and
some examples from our work are provided. The manipulation
of such properties, on carbon materials (porosity
and /or surface chemistry) not only are useful for devices
such as SC, but also are very useful for a wide variety of
Bio-applications (Bio-sensors, labelling and drug delivery,
impregnation with microorganisms for its use as biochar,
or for bio-fuel cells, etc.)