bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using patient self-reports to study heterogeneity of treatment effects in major depressive disorder
Authors: Kessler R. C. , van Loo H. M. , Wardenaar K. J. , Bossarte R. M. , Brenner L. A. , Ebert D. D , de Jonge P. , Nierenberg A. A. , Rosellini A. J. , Sampson N. A. , Schoevers R. A. , Wilcox M. A. , Zaslavsky A. M. 
Published: January 2016

Backgrounds.Clinicians need guidance to address the heterogeneity of treatment responses of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). While prediction schemes based on symptom clustering and biomarkers have so far not yielded results of sufficient strength to inform clinical decision-making, prediction schemes based on big data predictive analytic models might be more practically useful.Method.We review evidence suggesting that prediction equations based on symptoms and other easily-assessed clinical features found in previous research to predict MDD treatment outcomes might provide a foundation for developing predictive analytic clinical decision support models that could help clinicians select optimal (personalised) MDD treatments. These methods could also be useful in targeting patient subsamples for more expensive biomarker assessments.Results.Approximately two dozen baseline variables obtained from medical records or patient reports have been found repeatedly in MDD treatment trials to predictoveralltreatment outcomes (i.e., interventionv.control) ordifferentialtreatment outcomes (i.e., intervention Av.intervention B). Similar evidence has been found in observational studies of MDD persistence-severity. However, no treatment studies have yet attempted to develop treatment outcome equations using the full set of these predictors. Promising preliminary empirical results coupled with recent developments in statistical methodology suggest that models could be developed to provide useful clinical decision support in personalised treatment selection. These tools could also provide a strong foundation to increase statistical power in focused studies of biomarkers and MDD heterogeneity of treatment response in subsequent controlled trials.Conclusions.Coordinated efforts are needed to develop a protocol for systematically collecting information about established predictors of heterogeneity of MDD treatment response in large observational treatment studies, applying and refining these models in subsequent pragmatic trials, carrying out pooled secondary analyses to extract the maximum amount of information from these coordinated studies, and using this information to focus future discovery efforts in the segment of the patient population in which continued uncertainty about treatment response exists.
Interleukin-1β induces fibroblast growth factor 2 expression and subsequently promotes endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis in chondrocytes
Authors: Chien Szu-Yu , Huang Chun-Yin , Tsai Chun-Hao , Wang Shih-Wei , Lin Yu-Min , Tang Chih-Hsin 
Published: January 2016

Arthritis is a process of chronic inflammation that results in joint damage. IL (interleukin)-1β is an inflammatory cytokine that acts as a key mediator of cartilage degradation, and is abundantly expressed in arthritis. Neovascularization is one of the pathological characteristics of arthritis. However, the role of IL-1β in the angiogenesis of chondrocytes remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that stimulating chondrocytes (ATDC5) with IL-1β increased the expression of FGF (fibroblast growth factor)-2, a potent angiogenic inducer, and then promoted EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) tube formation and migration. In addition, FGF-2-neutralizing antibody abolished ATDC5-conditional medium-mediated angiogenesis in vitro, as well as its angiogenic effects in the CAM (chick chorioallantoic membrane) assay and Matrigel plug nude mice model in vivo. IHC (immunohistochemistry) staining from a CIA (collagen-induced arthritis) mouse model also demonstrates that arthritis increased the expression of IL-1β and FGF-2, as well as EPC homing in articular cartilage. Moreover, IL-1β-induced FGF-2 expression via IL-1RI (type-1 IL-1 receptor), ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation, AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), p38 and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway has been demonstrated. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that IL-1β promotes FGF-2 expression in chondrocytes through the ROS/AMPK/p38/NF-κB signalling pathway and subsequently increases EPC angiogenesis. Therefore IL-1β serves as a link between inflammation and angiogenesis during arthritis.
Greenhouse−icehouse transition in the Late Ordovician marks a step change in extinction regime in the marine plankton
Authors: Crampton James S. , Cooper Roger A. , Sadler Peter M. , Foote Michael 
Published: January 2016

Significance
In the graptoloids, a major group of early Paleozoic plankton, extinction selectively removed young species during times of background (low intensity) extinction. Age-independent extinction was confined to high extinction rate spikes of short duration that were related to environmental perturbations. During the extreme Late Ordovician Mass Extinction, old species were selectively removed. Graptoloids provide a sensitive indicator of marine environmental change and suggest that age selectivity of extinction in oceanic pelagic ecosystems switched rapidly and repeatedly from one mode to another and back again, a pattern that can be detected only when temporal resolution and species turnover rates are exceptionally high.
Clusters of polyhedra in spherical confinement
Authors: Teich Erin G. , van Anders Greg , Klotsa Daphne , Dshemuchadse Julia , Glotzer Sharon C. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
What is the best way to pack objects into a container? This simple question, one that is relevant to everyday life, biology, and nanoscience, is easy to state but surprisingly difficult to answer. Here, we use computational methods to determine dense packings of a set of polyhedra inside a sphere, for up to 60 constituent packers. Our dense packings display a wide variety of symmetries and structures, and indicate that the presence of the spherical container suppresses packing effects due to polyhedral shape. Our results have implications for a range of biological phenomena and experimental applications, including blood clotting, cell aggregation, drug delivery, colloidal engineering, and the creation of metamaterials.
Final report on key comparison CCAUV.U-K3.1
Authors: Haller J , Koch C , Costa-Felix R P B , Dubey P K , Durando G , KIM Y T , Yoshioka M 
Published: January 2016

The CCAUV.U-K3.1 is a follow-up of the comparison CCAUV.U-K3 which was the third key comparison in the ultrasound branch organised under the auspices of the Consultative Committee for Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration (CCAUV) of the BIPM. It was necessary to allow participants with discrepant values and additional laboratories to have another possibility to take part in an international comparison and to test their measurement facilities. The comparison dealt with power measurement in the frequency range 2 to 10.5 MHz and a power range between 10 mW and 15 W. The parameter range covered is of particular importance for medical applications of ultrasound.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCAUV, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Redesigning facility management operatives’ jobs to increase work outcomes
Authors: Ling Florence Y.Y. , Wong Danny M.G. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to recommend strategies for designing facility management (FM) workers’ jobs so as to boost their work outcomes. FM operatives/workers form the backbone of the labour force in property maintenance. Work outcomes are determined by: internal work motivation; quality of work performance; job satisfaction; turnover; absenteeism; and stress level.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on a questionnaire survey. Data were collected from FM workers via face-to-face interviews. The data were subjected to t-test and correlation analysis using SPSS software.

Findings
– It was found that FM workers have significantly high work outcomes, which are measured as internal work motivation, quality work performance and job satisfaction. They have significantly low absenteeism. FM workers whose jobs have the following characteristics – using a range of skills to execute a variety of challenging activities; freedom to carry out activities with discretion; and opportunities for doing interesting work, leadership, promotion, training and upgrading – are likely to have higher-quality work performance, internal work motivation and/or job satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample size is relatively small. Additionally, given the diverse nature of the work that FM workers do, the job characteristics identified may not be exhaustive enough.

Practical implications
– Recommendations are made to improve the work outcomes of FM workers through job design. These include ways to increase FM workers’ sense of accomplishment and to provide them with job stability. This will help to ease the labour shortage, and address the low-productivity issues faced by employers in the FM industry.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to knowledge by identifying the job characteristics that significantly affect the work outcomes of FM workers. Employers may use the findings to redesign their FM workers’ jobs so as to boost their work outcomes.
Process of change – competence development as a restructuring strategy
Authors: Jönsson Sandra , Schölin Tobias 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze and contextualize the outcomes of competence development as a restructuring strategy in a company that was significantly affected by the economic recession in 2008.Design/methodology/approach– In the context of restructuring, increased globalization has expanded international competition that in turn has put additional pressure on organizational transformation, restructuring, reorganization and rationalization.Findings– The result indicates that the experience of learning, commitment and job satisfaction have decreased between T1 and T2 (no difference regarding self-efficacy).Originality value– From this study, the authors can conclude that the outcomes of competence development programs are not easily interpreted. Depending on the purpose of the intervention, the results can be interpreted in different ways. It is important to approach the issue of competence development with a wise degree of skepticism.
Partner status and mental and physical health of independently living men aged 70 years and older
Authors: Byles Julie , Vo Kha , Thomas Louise , Mackenzie Lynette , Kendig Hal 
Published: January 2016

AimTo describe and compare the mental health and physical functioning of community‐dwelling men aged 70 years and over who live alone, and those who live with their partner/spouse.MethodData were obtained from the baseline survey of the New South Wales 45 and Up Study. Mental health was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and physical health was measured using the Medical Outcome Short Form 36 physical functioning scale.Results37 690 community‐dwelling men aged 70 years or over were included in the analyses. Men living alone were more likely to have high psychological distress scores and lower physical functioning scores compared to men living with a spouse/partner within each age group, except those 85 and over.ConclusionsSpecific health and welfare programs targeted to the increasing number of older men living alone may be needed to address their higher levels of psychological distress and lower levels of physical functioning.
Online Self‐Affirmation Increases Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Groups at High Risk of Low Intake
Authors: Fielden Amy L. , Sillence Elizabeth , Little Linda , Harris Peter R. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThis study tested the efficacy of self‐affirmation in promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of participants comprising two groups at high risk of low consumption: young adults and mothers of school‐aged children with low social economic status (SES).MethodsBaseline fruit and vegetable consumption was recorded for 85 participants (n = 26 mothers with low SES). Following randomisation to condition (Self‐Affirmed or Non‐Affirmed), participants viewed targeted, online, health recommendations about fruit and vegetable consumption. Fruit and vegetable intake was reported online every day for the following seven days.ResultsSelf‐affirmed participants reported consuming significantly more portions of fruit and vegetables (SA M = 3.96, NA M = 2.81). Analyses of simple slopes indicated that the effect was greatest amongst lowest baseline consumers.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate the efficacy of self‐affirmation in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in individuals who are at risk of having a low intake and whose consumption put them at the greatest risk of negative health outcomes. Application of these findings could help to reduce health care costs, through the use of cost‐effective online interventions and reductions in treatment costs. Further research is needed to capitalise on the increased tailoring that online intervention allows in order to optimise the effects of self‐affirmation.
Modeling Interdependent Animal Movement in Continuous Time
Authors: Niu Mu , Blackwell Paul G. , Skarin Anna 
Published: January 2016

Summary
This article presents a new approach to modeling group animal movement in continuous time. The movement of a group of animals is modeled as a multivariate Ornstein Uhlenbeck diffusion process in a high-dimensional space. Each individual of the group is attracted to a leading point which is generally unobserved, and the movement of the leading point is also an Ornstein Uhlenbeck process attracted to an unknown attractor. The Ornstein Uhlenbeck bridge is applied to reconstruct the location of the leading point. All movement parameters are estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, specifically a Metropolis Hastings algorithm. We apply the method to a small group of simultaneously tracked reindeer, Rangifer tarandus tarandus, showing that the method detects dependency in movement between individuals.
Global Rank Tests for Multiple, Possibly Censored, Outcomes
Authors: Ramchandani Ritesh , Schoenfeld David A. , Finkelstein Dianne M. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
Clinical trials often collect multiple outcomes on each patient, as the treatment may be expected to affect the patient on many dimensions. For example, a treatment for a neurological disease such as ALS is intended to impact several dimensions of neurological function as well as survival. The assessment of treatment on the basis of multiple outcomes is challenging, both in terms of selecting a test and interpreting the results. Several global tests have been proposed, and we provide a general approach to selecting and executing a global test. The tests require minimal parametric assumptions, are flexible about weighting of the various outcomes, and are appropriate even when some or all of the outcomes are censored. The test we propose is based on a simple scoring mechanism applied to each pair of subjects for each endpoint. The pairwise scores are then reduced to a summary score, and a rank-sum test is applied to the summary scores. This can be seen as a generalization of previously proposed nonparametric global tests (e.g., O'Brien, 1984). We discuss the choice of optimal weighting schemes based on power and relative importance of the outcomes. As the optimal weights are generally unknown in practice, we also propose an adaptive weighting scheme and evaluate its performance in simulations. We apply the methods to analyze the impact of a treatment on neurological function and death in an ALS trial.
Impact of ferulic acid esterase‐producing lactobacilli and fibrolytic enzymes on ensiling and digestion kinetics of mixed small‐grain silage
Authors: Jin L. , Dunière L. , Lynch J. P. , Zaheer R. , Turkington K. , Blackshaw R. E. , Lupwayi N. Z. , O'Donovan J. T. , Harker K. N. , McAllister T. , Baah J. , Wang Y. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of a ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and a non‐FAE‐producing inoculant applied alone or in combination with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on the fermentation and nutritive value of mixed grain (barley, oats and spring triticale) silage. The mixed crop was ensiled in laboratory mini‐silos either untreated (CON), or treated with a FAE inoculant (FAE), a non‐FAE inoculant (NFAE) or NFAE + EFE. Inoculated silages were lower (P < 0·01) in water‐soluble carbohydrate, whereas NFAE and NFAE + EFE silages had higher (P < 0·001) DM loss than other silages. FAE and NFAE silage had higher neutral detergent fibre (NDF), but were lower in NFAE + EFE than other silages (P < 0·001). Copy numbers of 16S rRNA associated with Lactobacillus buchneri were higher (P < 0·001) in NFAE and NFAE + EFE silages than in others, resulting in higher (P < 0·001) acetic acid in these silages. NFAE + EFE silage had lower (P < 0·001) in vitro gas production and NDF digestibility (NDFD) than other silages. FAE silage had higher (P < 0·01) in situNDFD than CON and NFAE + EFE silages. Inoculation of mixed small‐grain silage with NFAE‐producing inoculants combining EFE reduced NDFD.
Src family kinases suppress differentiation of brown adipocytes and browning of white adipocytes
Authors: Usui Mai , Uno Masaharu , Nishida Eisuke 
Published: January 2016

Brown adipocytes and beige adipocytes can expend energy, generate heat, and increase whole‐body energy expenditure. The detailed mechanisms of adipogenesis and thermogenesis of these cells are still obscure. Here, we show that Src family kinases (SFKs) regulate both brown adipogenesis and browning of white adipocytes. To identify factors involved in brown adipogenesis, we first examined the effect of several chemical inhibitors on the differentiation of brown preadipocytes isolated from mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT) and found that treatment with PP2, the specific inhibitor of SFKs, promoted the differentiation. Another inhibitor of SFKs, PP1, also promoted the brown adipogenesis, whereas an inactive analogue of PP2, PP3, did not. Moreover, over‐expression of C‐terminal Src kinase (CSK), the negative regulator of SFKs, also promoted brown adipogenesis. Next, we examined the effect of inhibition of SFKs on the differentiation of white preadipocytes isolated from white adipose tissue (WAT). Our results showed that either PP2 treatment or CSK‐over‐expression generated Ucp1‐positive beige adipocytes, thus inducing browning of white adipocytes. Finally, our analysis showed that the expression levels and activity of SFKs in WAT were much higher than in BAT. These results taken together suggest that SFKs regulate differentiation and browning of fat cells in vivo.
Affordances of social media in collective action: the case of Free Lunch for Children in China
Authors: Zheng Yingqin , Yu Ai 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper studies the socialised affordances of social media in the processes of collective action, exploring the role of technology in the under‐researched area of civil society. We examine the case of Free Lunch for Children (FL4C), a charitable programme in China based on the microblogging platform, Weibo. Adopting the perspective of affordances‐for‐practice, we draw upon the collective action model to better understand the sociomaterial practices and social processes involving social media, and seek to address the ‘when’ and ‘how’ questions of affordances. The study generates theoretical and practical implications for understanding the role of social media in social transformation.
Mouse models for gastric cancer: Matching models to biological questions
Authors: Poh Ashleigh R , O'Donoghue Robert J J , Ernst Matthias , Putoczki Tracy L 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. This is in part due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease, which often results in late‐stage diagnosis, at which point there are limited treatment options. Even when treated successfully, gastric cancer patients have a high risk of tumor recurrence and acquired drug resistance. It is vital to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cancer pathogenesis to facilitate the design of new‐targeted therapies that may improve patient survival. A number of chemically and genetically engineered mouse models of gastric cancer have provided significant insight into the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to disease onset and progression. This review outlines the strengths and limitations of current mouse models of gastric cancer and their relevance to the pre‐clinical development of new therapeutics.
The Blush: Literary and Psychological Perspectives
Authors: Crozier W. Ray 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLiterary analysis of the blush in Austen's novels identifies three themes, namely the potential ambiguity of a blush, its association with modesty, and its erotic and gendered nature, issues that scarcely figure in current psychological explanations of the phenomenon. I examine these themes and compare them with current psychological accounts which assign a central place to embarrassment and, more specifically, emphasise either unwanted social attention, exposure of the self, or the blush's signalling function. Analysis of Austen's work suggests that greater attention should be paid to self‐consciousness as it relates to threats to reputation, to the erotic dimension of the blush, and to potential gender differences. It should encourage researchers to be aware of limitations of psychological accounts and to expand their range of sources of information in order to enhance understanding of this elusive phenomenon.