bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral heterogeneity of lunar volcanic activity according to volumes of mare basalts in the farside basins
Authors: Taguchi Masako , Morota Tomokatsu , Kato Shinsuke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEstimates for volumes of mare basalts are essential to understand the thermal conditions of the lunar mantle and its lateral heterogeneity. In this study, we estimated the thicknesses and volumes of mare basalts within five farside basins, Apollo, Ingenii, Poincare, Freundlich‐Sharonov, and Mendel‐Rydberg, using premare craters buried by mare basalts and postmare craters that penetrated/nonpenetrated mare basalts employing topographic and multiband image data obtained by SELENE (Kaguya). Furthermore, using the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory crustal thickness model and the mare volumes estimated by this and previous studies, we investigated the relationship between the volumes of the mare basalts and the crustal thicknesses. The results suggest that the minimum crustal thicknesses within the basins were a dominant factor determining whether magma erupted at the surface and that the critical crustal thicknesses for magma eruption were ~10 km on the farside and >20 km on the nearside. The total areas of the regions in which magmas could erupt at the surface are ~10 times larger on the nearside than on the farside. A comparison between the mare volumes within the mare basins on the nearside and the farside shows that magma production in the farside mantle might have been ~20 times smaller than that in the nearside mantle, implying a stronger dichotomy than previously estimated. These results suggest that the mare hemispherical asymmetry should be attributed to both the difference in the crustal thickness distribution and the difference in the quantity of magma production between the nearside and farside mantles.
Platelet activation by crushed and uncrushed muscle: a flow cytometry analysis
Authors: Jukes Alistair , Miljkovic Dijana , Wormald P.J. , Psaltis Alkis J. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundCrushed autologous muscle is used in skull base surgery in the acute phase of major arterial hemorrhage to stop bleeding. The mechanism of this is not yet clear, but is thought to involve the formation of a platelet plug, which seals the vessel wall defect but still allows ongoing blood flow to the brain.MethodsIn this study we use flow cytometry to replicate the in‐vivo actions of crushed muscle on platelets in whole blood. We compare the ratio of activation of platelets exposed to crushed and uncrushed muscle supernatant in control patients and in patients on antiplatelet agents.ResultsCrushed muscle activated platelets to a higher degree than uncrushed muscle: 5.18‐fold greater in control blood (p = 0.002); 6.53‐fold greater in aspirin‐exposed blood (p < 0.0001); and 9.4‐fold greater in clopidogrel‐exposed blood (p < 0.0001).ConclusionCrushed muscle caused a consistently increased ratio of platelet activation when compared with uncrushed muscle across all groups, adding to the evidence that at least part of its clinical effect is the result of platelet activation.
Third molar transplantation combined with an osteotome sinus lift – two case reports
Authors: Yamamoto Katsuki , Osamu Yoshinaga , Kakura Kae , Yamamoto Kazuko , Kido Hirofumi 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe report here on our application of the socket lift technique to create a transplant socket for the transplanted maxillary molar. These outcomes suggest that this technique is likely to be effective for tooth transplantation when the maxillary sinus bottom is close to the alveolar crest.
Block‐Copolymer‐Assisted Electrochemical Synthesis of Mesoporous Gold Electrodes: Towards a Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensor
Authors: Nugraha Asep Sugih , Li Cuiling , Bo Jiang , Iqbal Muhammad , Alshehri Saad M. , Ahamad Tansir , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke , Asahi Toru 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSensing technology for biomolecules has played a key role for maintaining a high quality of life. Various kinds of sensing techniques have been developed for detecting biomolecules. Among the detection techniques which have been reported so far, non‐enzymatic glucose detection, based on electrochemical mechanisms, has attracted great interest as a facile route for monitoring glucose levels in the blood. In this method, designing nanostructured electrodes is a promising strategy to improve detection performance. Owing to their fascinating physicochemical properties, including superior electrical and electrocatalytic properties, mesoporous metal films offer a wide range of useful applications which cannot be achieved by other mesoporous materials. In this work, mesoporous Au films (MpGFs) are synthesized by an effective and simple electrochemical process in the presence of a surfactant, where the mesoporous structure can be controlled by the size of the polymeric micelles. The micelles are removed using a tetrahydrofuran‐based solvent‐extraction method. The activity of MpGFs towards glucose oxidation is evaluated under a fixed potential in alkaline solution. Under optimal potentials, the current response for other interfering molecules is minimal, while the current response for glucose is maximal. A linear relationship between the current response and the glucose content is observed over a wide range of concentrations. Thus, our MpGF shows an excellent performance for electrochemical glucose sensing applications.
Fabrication of Redox‐Responsive Degradable Capsule Particles by a Shell‐Selective Photoinduced Cross‐Linking Approach from Spherical Polymer Particles
Authors: Kitayama Yukiya , Takeuchi Toshifumi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, a fabrication route towards functional capsule particles was successfully developed by means of a self‐templating shell‐selective cross‐linking strategy that enables us to prepare shell‐cross‐linked hollow polymer particles directly from homogeneous spherical polymer particles. To prepare redox‐responsive degradable capsule particles, a newly designed monomer bearing a photoinduced post‐cross‐linking group (cinnamoyl group) and a redox‐environment‐responsive cleavable group (disulfide group), N‐cinnamoyl‐N′‐methyacryloylcystamine (MCC), was synthesized. Redox‐responsive degradable capsule particles were successfully prepared from homogeneous spherical poly(MCC)‐based particles by a self‐templating shell‐selective photoinduced cross‐linking approach. Moreover, the cargo loading capability of the shell‐cross‐linked hollow particles was confirmed through a solvent exchange procedure using dyes, polymer precursors and anticancer reagents. Furthermore, redox‐responsive degradability of the capsule polymer particles was also confirmed by adding a reducing agent for cleavage of the disulfide linkage. We hope that the efficient fabrication route of functional capsule particles directly from spherical polymer particles opens efficient routes for the fabrication of a wide range of capsule particles; in particular, this technique is robust, productive, and facile because neither additional sacrificial template particles nor toxic solvents are required.
Effect of bed material, lignin content, and origin on the processability of biomass in fast pyrolysis reactors
Authors: Lago Valentina , Briens Cedric , Berruti Franco 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLignin has great potential for the production of valuable aromatic compounds and has attracted considerable attention. The development of high value applications for Kraft lignin would boost the profitability of pulp and paper operations. A potential solution is the pyrolytic conversion of lignin to valuable liquids and solids. However, Kraft lignin is a thermally sensitive powder which tends to agglomerate under pyrolysis conditions. A mechanically fluidized reactor (MFR) can be used to monitor both the generation of vapours and gas during pyrolysis and how cohesive a feedstock becomes when pyrolyzed. The MFR was, therefore, used to evaluate alternative solutions to improve Kraft lignin behaviour by mixing it with non‐problematic feedstocks or by modifying its bed material. Finally, Kraft lignin behaviour and products were compared to those of hydrolysis lignins from different origins.
Floral scent and species divergence in a pair of sexually deceptive orchids
Authors: Gervasi Daniel D. L. , Selosse Marc‐Andre , Sauve Mathieu , Francke Wittko , Vereecken Nicolas J. , Cozzolino Salvatore , Schiestl Florian P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpeciation is typically accompanied by the formation of isolation barriers between lineages. Commonly, reproductive barriers are separated into pre‐ and post‐zygotic mechanisms that can evolve with different speed. In this study, we measured the strength of different reproductive barriers in two closely related, sympatric orchids of theOphrys insectiferagroup, namelyOphrys insectiferaandOphrys aymoniniito infer possible mechanisms of speciation. We quantified pre‐ and post‐pollination barriers through observation of pollen flow, by performing artificial inter‐ and intraspecific crosses and analyzing scent bouquets. Additionally, we investigated differences in mycorrhizal fungi as a potential extrinsic factor of post‐zygotic isolation. Our results show that floral isolation mediated by the attraction of different pollinators acts apparently as the sole reproductive barrier between the two orchid species, with later‐acting intrinsic barriers seemingly absent. Also, the two orchids share most of their fungal mycorrhizal partners in sympatry, suggesting little or no importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis in reproductive isolation. Key traits underlying floral isolation were two alkenes and wax ester, present predominantly in the floral scent ofO. aymoninii. These compounds, when applied to flowers ofO. insectifera, triggered attraction and a copulation attempt of the bee pollinator ofO. aymoniniiand thus led to the (partial) breakdown of floral isolation. Based on our results, we suggest that adaptation to different pollinators, mediated by floral scent, underlies species isolation in this plant group. Pollinator switches may be promoted by low pollination success of individuals in dense patches of plants, an assumption that we also confirmed in our study.
The Euphausia superba transcriptome database, SuperbaSE: An online, open resource for researchers
Authors: Hunt Benjamin J. , Özkaya Özge , Davies Nathaniel J. , Gaten Edward , Seear Paul , Kyriacou Charalambos P. , Tarling Geraint , Rosato Ezio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAntarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a crucial component of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, acting as the major link between primary production and higher trophic levels with an annual predator demand of up to 470 million tonnes. It also acts as an ecosystem engineer, affecting carbon sequestration and recycling iron and nitrogen, and has increasing importance as a commercial product in the aquaculture and health industries. Here we describe the creation of a de novo assembled head transcriptome for E. superba. As an example of its potential as a molecular resource, we relate its exploitation in identifying and characterizing numerous genes related to the circadian clock in E. superba, including the major components of the central feedback loop. We have made the transcriptome openly accessible for a wider audience of ecologists, molecular biologists, evolutionary geneticists, and others in a user‐friendly format at SuperbaSE, hosted at www.krill.le.ac.uk.
The evolution of mutualism with modifiers
Authors: Quickfall Christopher G. , Marshall James A. R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMutualisms are widespread, yet their evolution has received less theoretical attention than within‐species social behaviors. Here, we extend previous models of unconditional pairwise interspecies social behavior, to consider selection for donation but also for donation‐suppressing modifiers. We present conditions under which modifiers that suppress costly donation receive either positive or negative selection; assortment only at the donation locus always leads to selection for donation suppression, as in within‐species greenbeard traits. However, genomewide assortment with modifier loci can lead to intermediate levels of donation, and these can differ in the two species even when payoffs from donation are additive and symmetric. When costly donation between species can evolve without being suppressed, we argue that it is most appropriately explained by indirect fitness benefits within the donating species, using partner species as vectors for altruism. Our work has implications for identifying both the stability and the ultimate beneficiaries of social behavior between species.
Short-term atrazine exposure at breeding has no impact on Blanchard's cricket frog (Acris blanchardi) reproductive success
Authors: Hoskins Tyler D. , Dellapina Maria , Boone Michelle D. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Studies of endocrine-disrupting contaminants have focused on early-life exposures, but later exposures could impact fitness. We exposed adult frogs (Acris blanchardi) at reproduction to ecologically relevant atrazine concentrations (0, 1, or 10 µg/L) in outdoor arenas. We measured likelihood of breeding and number of resulting tadpoles. Atrazine impacted neither the probability of breeding nor the number of tadpoles produced, suggesting anuran reproductive success may not be impacted by short-term exposure to low concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3284–3288. © 2017 SETAC
Tissue‐engineered tendon constructs for rotator cuff repair in sheep
Authors: Novakova Stoyna S. , Mahalingam Vasudevan D. , Florida Shelby E. , Mendias Christopher L. , Allen Answorth , Arruda Ellen M. , Bedi Asheesh , Larkin Lisa M. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTCurrent rotator cuff repair commonly involves the use of single or double row suture techniques, and despite successful outcomes, failure rates continue to range from 20 to 95%. Failure to regenerate native biomechanical properties at the enthesis is thought to contribute to failure rates. Thus, the need for technologies that improve structural healing of the enthesis after rotator cuff repair is imperative. To address this issue, our lab has previously demonstrated enthesis regeneration using a tissue‐engineered graft approach in a sheep anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair model. We hypothesized that our tissue‐engineered graft designed for ACL repair also will be effective in rotator cuff repair. The goal of this study was to test the efficacy of our Engineered Tissue Graft for Rotator Cuff (ETG‐RC) in a rotator cuff tear model in sheep and compare this novel graft technology to the commonly used double row suture repair technique. Following a 6‐month recovery, the grafted and contralateral shoulders were removed, imaged using X‐ray, and tested biomechanically. Additionally, the infraspinatus muscle, myotendinous junction, enthesis, and humeral head were preserved for histological analysis of muscle, tendon, and enthesis structure. Our results showed that our ETC‐RCs reached 31% of the native tendon tangent modulus, which was a modest, non‐significant, 11% increase over that of the suture‐only repairs. However, the histological analysis showed the regeneration of a native‐like enthesis in the ETG‐RC‐repaired animals. This advanced structural healing may improve over longer times and may diminish recurrence rates of rotator cuff tears and lead to better clinical outcomes. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:289–299, 2018.
Self‐similar asymptotic profile of the solution to a nonlinear evolution equation with critical dissipation
Authors: D'Abbicco M. , Ebert M. R. , Lucente S. 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we obtain optimal decay estimates for the solutions to an evolution equation with critical, structural, dissipation, and absorbing power nonlinearity:

with μ>0, θ is a positive integer, and p>1+4θ/n, in space dimension n∈(2θ,4θ). We use these estimates to find the self‐similar asymptotic profile of the solutions, when μ≥1.
Comparison of low‐ and ultralow‐dose computed tomography protocols for quantitative lung and airway assessment
Authors: Hammond Emily , Sloan Chelsea , Newell John D. , Sieren Jered P. , Saylor Melissa , Vidal Craig , Hogue Shayna , De Stefano Frank , Sieren Alexa , Hoffman Eric A. , Sieren Jessica C. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeQuantitative computed tomography (CT) measures are increasingly being developed and used to characterize lung disease. With recent advances in CT technologies, we sought to evaluate the quantitative accuracy of lung imaging at low‐ and ultralow‐radiation doses with the use of iterative reconstruction (IR), tube current modulation (TCM), and spectral shaping.MethodsWe investigated the effect of five independent CT protocols reconstructed with IR on quantitative airway measures and global lung measures using an in vivo large animal model as a human subject surrogate. A control protocol was chosen (NIH‐SPIROMICS + TCM) and five independent protocols investigating TCM, low‐ and ultralow‐radiation dose, and spectral shaping. For all scans, quantitative global parenchymal measurements (mean, median and standard deviation of the parenchymal HU, along with measures of emphysema) and global airway measurements (number of segmented airways and pi10) were generated. In addition, selected individual airway measurements (minor and major inner diameter, wall thickness, inner and outer area, inner and outer perimeter, wall area fraction, and inner equivalent circle diameter) were evaluated. Comparisons were made between control and target protocols using difference and repeatability measures.ResultsEstimated CT volume dose index (CTDIvol) across all protocols ranged from 7.32 mGy to 0.32 mGy. Low‐ and ultralow‐dose protocols required more manual editing and resolved fewer airway branches; yet, comparable pi10 whole lung measures were observed across all protocols. Similar trends in acquired parenchymal and airway measurements were observed across all protocols, with increased measurement differences using the ultralow‐dose protocols. However, for small airways (1.9 ± 0.2 mm) and medium airways (5.7 ± 0.4 mm), the measurement differences across all protocols were comparable to the control protocol repeatability across breath holds. Diameters, wall thickness, wall area fraction, and equivalent diameter had smaller measurement differences than area and perimeter measurements.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the use of IR with low‐ and ultralow‐dose CT protocols with CT volume dose indices down to 0.32 mGy maintains selected quantitative parenchymal and airway measurements relevant to pulmonary disease characterization.
Automatic renal segmentation for MR urography using 3D‐GrabCut and random forests
Authors: Yoruk Umit , Hargreaves Brian A. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo introduce and evaluate a fully automated renal segmentation technique for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) assessment in children.MethodsAn image segmentation method based on iterative graph cuts (GrabCut) was modified to work on time‐resolved 3D dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI data sets. A random forest classifier was trained to further segment the renal tissue into cortex, medulla, and the collecting system. The algorithm was tested on 26 subjects and the segmentation results were compared to the manually drawn segmentation maps using the F1‐score metric. A two‐compartment model was used to estimate the GFR of each subject using both automatically and manually generated segmentation maps.ResultsSegmentation maps generated automatically showed high similarity to the manually drawn maps for the whole‐kidney (F1 = 0.93) and renal cortex (F1 = 0.86). GFR estimations using whole‐kidney segmentation maps from the automatic method were highly correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.99) to the GFR values obtained from manual maps. The mean GFR estimation error of the automatic method was 2.98 ± 0.66% with an average segmentation time of 45 s per patient.ConclusionThe automatic segmentation method performs as well as the manual segmentation for GFR estimation and reduces the segmentation time from several hours to 45 s. Magn Reson Med 79:1696–1707, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Multi‐gradient‐echo myelin water fraction imaging: Comparison to the multi‐echo‐spin‐echo technique
Authors: Alonso‐Ortiz Eva , Levesque Ives R. , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: June 2017

PurposeMyelin water fraction (MWF) mapping based on multi‐gradient recalled‐echo (MGRE) imaging has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional multi‐echo‐spin‐echo (MESE) approach. In this work, we performed a comparative study of MESE and MGRE‐derived MWFs in the same subject group.MethodsMESE and MGRE data were acquired in 12 healthy volunteers at 3T.
decay curves were corrected for the effects of field inhomogeneities and multicomponent analysis of
and
signals was performed using non‐negative least‐squares fitting.ResultsWhen comparing MGRE and MESE‐MWFs across volunteers, no significant differences were observed between average values in WM, deep GM (dGM), and cortical GM (cGM) that were (14 ± 3%), (6 ± 2%), and (8 ± 2%) for MGRE, and (13 ± 2%), (6 ± 1%), and (7 ± 1%), respectively, for MESE. The MGRE and MESE‐MWFs showed a strong correlation (r2 = 0.84) and Bland‐Altman analysis revealed a small positive bias of (0.8 ± 1.6%) (absolute difference) for the MGRE‐MWF.ConclusionOverall, we observed excellent agreement between the two techniques. The small positive bias of the MGRE‐MWF is thought to be a consequence of its potentially reduced sensitivity to water exchange effects, compared to the MESE‐MWF. This work suggests that with careful correction for the effects of field inhomogeneities, MGRE‐MWF imaging is a promising alternative to the MESE approach. Magn Reson Med 79:1439–1446, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Self‐reinforced polypropylene composites based on low‐cost commercial woven and non‐woven fabrics
Authors: Mijares José Luis , Agaliotis Eliana , Bernal Celina R. , Mollo Mariana 
Published: June 2017

In the present paper, different self‐reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites based on low‐cost commercial woven (w) and non‐woven (nw) fabrics were obtained. Hot compaction (HC) and film stacking (FS) followed by compression molding were used to prepared the composites. The fracture and failure behavior of the different materials was determined under different testing conditions through quasi‐static uniaxial tensile tests, Izod impact experiments and by means of fracture mechanics tests on mode I double‐edge deeply notched tensile specimens. In the case of the composite obtained by film stacking + compression molding (rPP/nw/w‐FS) and the hot‐compacted composite (nw/w‐HC) containing simultaneously woven and non‐woven fabrics, the acoustic emission technique was applied in situ in the tensile tests to determine their consolidation quality and to identify the failure mechanisms responsible for their fracture behavior. It was observed that both composites exhibited relatively similar high consolidation quality. However, the hot‐compacted composite presented a more uniform distribution of failure mechanisms (debonding and fiber fracture) than the film‐stacked composite. The hot‐compacted composite containing both types of reinforcements exhibited the best combination of mechanical (tensile, impact, and fracture) properties. Therefore, this composite appeared as the most promising for structural applications among the different composites investigated.