bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugaisons juridiques
Authors: Kohlhagen Dominik 
Published: January 2017

À partir d’observations parmi des migrants camerounais vivant en Allemagne, l’article remet en perspective le regard habituellement porté sur le Droit en situation migratoire. Lorsqu’il n’est pas appréhendé à travers le simple prisme du droit des étrangers, le rapport au droit de migrants est généralement avant tout compris comme un « entre deux » conciliant des références du pays d’origine avec le droit du pays d’accueil. L’article relève une expérience du Droit plus composite, conjuguant différents répertoires normatifs et partiellement imaginaires pour répondre à des enjeux spécifiques aux projets migratoires. En tant que micro-expériences, les observations relatées soulèvent des questionnements fondamentaux quant à la manière d’intégrer les dispositifs juridiques dominants dans les réalités pluralistes émergentes.
Droit et cultures en sol français
Authors: Fournier Pascale 
Published: January 2017

Le présent article s’inscrit dans le cadre des questionnements existentiels auxquels se livre aujourd’hui toute société laïque désireuse de consolider un vivre-ensemble harmonieux. Plus précisément, il s’intéresse, en premier lieu, au rôle normatif que doivent accorder les systèmes de droit civil au droit religieux, puis à l’impact des règles religieuses sur les femmes dans le contexte de la société française. Les adeptes de la laïcité stricte à la française lient généralement ces deux prémisses par la corrélation suivante : les règles religieuses oppriment les femmes et doivent conséquemment être écartées de l’administration de la justice civile. Afin d’offrir une analyse critique de cette position, cet article s’appuie sur une recherche de terrain auprès de femmes françaises juives et musulmanes ayant navigué à travers les systèmes juridiques civil et religieux dans le cadre de procédures de divorce. Les entrevues menées auprès des femmes concernées par ce débat, bien qu’elles ne constituent pas un échantillon exhaustif, suggèrent que l’évacuation totale de tout droit religieux est fondée sur une conception réductrice et inadéquate de la portée réelle des règles religieuses. Les témoignages rapportés dans cet article évoquent un contre-récit pertinent au discours républicain pro-laïcité et démontrent que les normes religieuses peuvent être utilisées, instrumentalisées et réappropriées par les femmes à des fins émancipatrices que le droit civil ne permet pas forcément. Ce constat n’affecte pas les objectifs normatifs de la laïcité. Il met toutefois en garde contre la simplification à outrance du rapport qu’entretiennent femmes et religion et milite en faveur d’une compréhension.
Ovarian and adnexal torsion: spectrum of sonographic findings with pathologic correlation.
Authors: Albayram F , Hamper U M 
Published: January 2017

To determine the spectrum of sonographic findings on gray scale and color Doppler sonography in a series of pathologically proven cases of ovarian and adnexal torsion.The study population included 15 patients with surgical confirmation of ovarian or adnexal torsion, or both, who underwent sonographic examination before surgery. All sonograms were reviewed retrospectively.Gray scale abnormalities included the following: complex masses in 11 (73%) of 15 patients, cystic masses in 3 (20%), and a solid mass in 1 (7%). Cul‐de‐sac fluid was present in 13 (87%) of 15 patients. Adnexal neoplasms were present in 4 (27%) of 15 (1 granulosa cell tumor and 3 dermoid cysts) on pathologic examination. Doppler findings were abnormal in 14 (93%) of 15 patients and normal in 1 (7%). Abnormal Doppler findings included no arterial and no venous flow in 6 (40%) of 15, decreased venous flow with no arterial flow in 5 (33%), decreased venous flow and decreased arterial flow in 2 (13%), and decreased arterial flow with no venous flow in 1 (7%). Small amounts of cul‐de‐sac fluid were present in 13 (87%) of 15 patients.The diagnosis of ovarian and adnexal torsion remains challenging. It cannot be based solely on the absence or presence of flow on color Doppler sonography, because the presence of arterial or venous flow does not exclude the diagnosis of adnexal torsion. Comparison with the morphologic appearance and flow patterns of the contralateral ovary will aid in diagnosis.
Echo color Doppler findings in postpubertal mumps epididymo‐orchitis.
Authors: Tarantino L , Giorgio A , de Stefano G , Farella N 
Published: January 2017

To describe echo color Doppler features of mumps epididymo‐orchitis in postpubertal boys and men.Color Doppler ultrasonographic examinations of the scrotum in 12 patients (14‐34 years old) with serologically proven mumps and symptomatic epididymo‐orchitis (pain and scrotal swelling) were compared with color Doppler ultrasonographic examinations of the scrotum in 10 healthy control subjects.Clinically evident testicular involvement was bilateral in 1 patient and unilateral in 11 patients (9 left‐ and 2 right‐sided). Four (33.3%) of 12 patients had swelling and a heterogeneous echo texture of the epididymis and hydrocele. Two (16.7%) of 12 patients had swelling of both the epididymis and didymus of the involved side, with a heterogeneous echo texture of the didymus due to hypoechoic, irregularly shaped, confluent intraparenchymal areas. Two (16.7%) of 12 patients had only unilateral mild hydrocele and no testicular abnormalities. In 4 (33.3%) of 12 cases, B‐mode ultrasonographic examination did not show any testicular abnormalities or hydrocele. Hydrocele was anechoic in 4 cases and multiseptated in 4. In 12 (100%) of 12 patients, color Doppler and power Doppler ultrasonography showed hypervascularity in the parenchyma of the affected testicle. In 11 patients, spectral Doppler examination of the arteries at the testicular hilum showed a significantly lower mean +/‐ SD resistive index (0.54 +/‐ 0.03; range, 0.48‐0.57) on the inflamed side compared with the opposite unaffected side (mean, 0.66 +/‐ 0.04; range, 0.71‐0.60) (P < .001). In the patient with bilateral involvement, the mean resistive index values in the right and left testicular arteries were 0.57 and 0.55, respectively. The mean resistive index of the 13 inflamed testicles (0.54 +/‐ 0.03; range, 0.48‐0.57) was significantly different from the mean resistive index values of the right (0.68 +/‐ 0.03) and left (0.67 +/‐ 0.04) testicular arteries in healthy control subjects (P < .001). The mean resistive index in the 11 unaffected testicles in our patients (0.66 +/‐ 0.04; range, 0.71‐0.60) was not significantly different from the mean resistive index in healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION. Ultrasonographic findings in mumps orchitis are not specific. Echo color Doppler examination is more sensitive than ultrasonography alone for revealing testicular inflammation.
Role of Doppler sonography in the evaluation of accessory spleens after splenectomy.
Authors: Herneth A M , Pokieser P , Philipp M O , Bader T R , Helbich T H , Mallek R , Mostbeck G H 
Published: January 2017

Splenectomy influences the Doppler blood flow pattern in the splenic artery. Blood flow in this vessel might return to normal if an accessory spleen increases in size after splenectomy. Our objective was to evaluate the resistive index of the splenic artery depending on the presence or absence of a hypertrophic accessory spleen in splenectomized patients.The resistive index of the splenic artery was evaluated by duplex Doppler sonography in 19 splenectomized patients (8 with a hypertrophic accessory spleen) and in 8 healthy volunteers. The resistive index was measured within 3 cm of the origin of the splenic artery, and 3 different measurements were averaged. The presence or absence of a hypertrophic accessory spleen was diagnosed on the basis of sonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or scintigraphy, as well as by the presence or absence of Howell‐Jolly bodies on a peripheral blood smear.The resistive index of the splenic artery in the splenectomized patients without a hypertrophic accessory spleen (mean +/‐ SD, 0.82 +/‐ 0.06; n = 11) was significantly (P < or = .0001) higher than in splenectomized patients with a hypertrophic accessory spleen (0.63 +/‐ 0.06; n = 8) and in control subjects (0.63 +/‐ 0.05; n = 8).In the splenectomized patient, a hypertrophic accessory spleen is associated with a normal resistive index in the splenic artery.
The role of contrast‐enhanced sonography for radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors.
Authors: Liu J B , Goldberg B B , Merton D A , Rawool N M , Needleman L , Forsberg F 
Published: January 2017

To assess the feasibility and usefulness of contrast‐enhanced sonography for tumor detection and guidance of liver VX2 tumor ablation and to evaluate post radiofrequency ablation effectiveness.VX2 tumors were implanted into the livers of 6 rabbits. Both conventional and harmonic gray scale and power Doppler imaging were performed with a commercially available scanner to evaluate the liver tumors before and after intravenous injection of a sonographic contrast agent before and after radiofrequency ablation. Contrast‐enhanced imaging was used to detect the tumors before ablation, to guide needle insertion, and to measure the ablation sites after radiofrequency ablation. Pathologic examination was performed for comparison.Three tumors were seen without contrast enhancement, whereas 10 tumors (<1 cm) were detected with contrast enhancement. Intentionally, 2 tumors were completely ablated and 5 tumors were partially ablated. In 3 cases, incompletely ablated tumors could only be identified on contrast‐enhanced Doppler imaging by enhancing the detection of residual tumor vascularity. There was excellent concordance between sonographic imaging and gross pathologic findings.Contrast‐enhanced sonographic imaging appears useful for detection of liver tumors and for guiding and monitoring tumor ablation therapies.
Comparison of Sonographically Guided Intra‐articular Injections at 3 Different Sites of the Knee
Authors: Park Yongbum , Lee Sang Chul , Nam Hee-Seung , Lee Jihae , Nam Sang Hyun 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesSonographically guided injections show more accuracy than blind injections, but there are no reports comparing sonographically guided intra‐articular injection approaches. This study examined the accuracy of sonographically guided intra‐articular injections at 3 different sites of the knee using medial, midlateral, and superolateral portals.MethodsSonographically guided intra‐articular injections and radiology evaluations were performed on 126 knees with osteoarthritis (Kellgren‐Lawrence grade 2 or 3). Six milliliters of mixed material containing 1% lidocaine (1 mL), 20 mg of triamcinolone (1 mL), and a nonionic contrast agent (4 mL) was injected into the intra‐articular space of the knee through the medial, midlateral, and superolateral portals. After the sonographically guided intra‐articular injection into the knee joint, a radiographic image was taken to determine whether the injected material had reached the intra‐articular space or infiltrated into the soft tissue.ResultsSonographically guided intra‐articular injections in the midlateral portal (95%; P < .05) and superolateral portal (100%; P < .05) showed significantly higher accuracy than injections in the medial portal (75%).ConclusionsSonographically guided intra‐articular injections in the midlateral or superolateral portal may increase the accuracy of knee joint injections.
Groin Pain in Women
Authors: Grant Thomas , Neuschler Erin , Hartz Wilson 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesSymptomatic groin hernias in women may be difficult to assess clinically and commonly mimic pathologic musculoskeletal and gynecologic conditions. The objective of our study was to investigate the accuracy of sonography in women with groin pain and normal physical examination findings.MethodsA consecutive group of 87 women (median age, 44.6 years; range, 19–82 years) with groin pain and normal physical examination findings were included in the study. All patients had a standardized sonographic examination of the groin performed by an experienced radiologist or a sonographer. If a groin hernia was identified, it was classified as indirect, direct, or femoral. Normal examination findings and alternate pathologic groin conditions were also recorded. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for the sonographic findings and compared to the findings for patients sent for surgery.ResultsOf the 87 women with groin pain, 37 groin hernias were diagnosed in 35 patients. Surgery was performed in 26 patients (27 groins). Sonography correctly depicted and classified groin hernias in 18 of the 21 groins that had surgical confirmation. Six women without groin hernias also had surgical exploration of the affected side. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the patients with surgical confirmation were 95%, 75%, 95%, and 75%, respectively. Groin pain in 26 patients was attributed to other causes. The remainder of the patients had normal examination findings or were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionsGroin hernias in women can be occult and confound the clinical diagnosis. In a woman with groin pain and normal or indeterminate physical examination findings, we have found that sonography can accurately depict and classify groin hernias and other pathologic processes.
Ultrasound Contrast Agents Affect the Angiogenic Response
Authors: Johnson Chenara A. , Miller Rita J. , O'Brien William D. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe interaction of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) and ultrasound (US) provides a way to spatially and temporally target tissues. Recently, UCAs have been used therapeutically to induce localized angiogenesis. Ultrasound contrast agents, however, have been documented to induce negative bioeffects. To further understand the balance of risks and benefits of UCAs and to examine the mechanism of US‐UCA–induced angiogenesis, this study explored the role of UCAs, in particular Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc, North Billerica, MA), in producing an angiogenic response.MethodsThe gracilis muscles of Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 1‐MHz US. The rats were euthanized the same day or allowed to recover for 3 or 6 days post exposure (DPE). Ultrasound peak rarefactional pressures (Prs) of 0.25, 0.83, 1.4, and 2.0 MPa were used while rats were infused with either saline or Definity. Assessments for angiogenesis included capillary density, inflammation, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), both acutely (0 DPE) and at 3 and 6 DPE.ResultsThe results of this study suggest that the angiogenic response is dependent on infusion media, Pr, and DPE. While capillary density did not reach significance, VEGF expression was significant for infusion media, Pr, and DPE with inflammation co‐occurrence (P < .05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the angiogenic response is elicited by a mechanical effect of US‐UCA stimulation of VEGF that is potentially optimized when collapse occurs.
Depletion of mesospheric sodium during extended period of pulsating aurora
Authors: Takahashi T. , Hosokawa K. , Nozawa S. , Tsuda T. T. , Ogawa Y. , Tsutsumi M. , Hiraki Y. , Fujiwara H. , Kawahara T. D. , Saito N. , Wada S. , Kawabata T. , Hall C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe quantitatively evaluated the Na density depletion due to charge transfer reactions between Na atoms and molecular ions produced by high‐energy electron precipitation during a pulsating aurora (PsA). An extended period of PsA was captured by an all‐sky camera at the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar Tromsø site (69.6°N, 19.2°E) during a 2 h interval from 00:00 to 02:00 UT on 25 January 2012. During this period, using the EISCAT very high frequency (VHF) radar, we detected three intervals of intense ionization below 100 km that were probably caused by precipitation of high‐energy electrons during the PsA. In these intervals, the sodium lidar at Tromsø observed characteristic depletion of Na density at altitudes between 97 and 100 km. These Na density depletions lasted for 8 min and represented 5–8% of the background Na layer. To examine the cause of this depletion, we modeled the depletion rate based on charge transfer reactions with NO+ and
while changing the R value which is defined as the ratio of NO+ to
densities, from 1 to 10. The correlation coefficients between observed and modeled Na density depletion calculated with typical value R = 3 for time intervals T1, T2, and T3 were 0.66, 0.80, and 0.67, respectively. The observed Na density depletion rates fall within the range of modeled depletion rate calculated with R from 1 to 10. This suggests that the charge transfer reactions triggered by the auroral impact ionization at low altitudes are the predominant process responsible for Na density depletion during PsA intervals.
Spectral properties of Martian and other planetary glasses and their detection in remotely sensed data
Authors: Cannon Kevin M. , Mustard John F. , Parman Stephen W. , Sklute Elizabeth C. , Dyar M. Darby , Cooper Reid F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThirty silicate glasses were synthesized as realistic analogs to those expected to exist on Mars, the Moon, and Mercury. Samples were measured using visible/near‐infrared and Mössbauer spectroscopy to determine the effects of varying bulk chemistry, oxygen fugacity, and temperature on spectral properties. For Martian glasses, the fO2 during fusion strongly affects absorption band intensities in the spectra, while bulk chemistry has noticeable secondary effects on absorption band positions. Titanium and iron content drive spectral changes in lunar glasses, where Fe3+ is effectively absent. Iron‐free Mercury analog glasses have much higher albedos than all other samples, and their spectral shape is a close match to some pyroclastic deposits on Mercury. Synthetic glass spectra were used as inputs into a spectral unmixing model applied to remote orbital datasets to test for the presence of glass. The model is validated against physical laboratory mixture spectra, as well as previous detections of glass‐rich pyroclastic deposits on the Moon. Remote data were then used from suspected impact deposits and possible pyroclastic deposits on Mars as a new application of the model: the results reveal spatially coherent glass‐rich material, and the strong spectral match of the synthetic glasses to these remotely sensed data gives new insights into the presence and character of glasses on the Martian surface. The large library of glass spectra generated here, acquired from consistently synthesized and measured samples, can serve as a resource for further studies of volcanic and impact processes on planetary bodies.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Dearomatization of β‐Naphthols with Allyl Alcohols or Allyl Ethers
Authors: Tu Hang‐Fei , Zheng Chao , Xu Ren‐Qi , Liu Xi‐Jia , You Shu‐Li 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn Ir‐catalyzed intermolecular asymmetric dearomatization reaction of β‐naphthols with allyl alcohols or allyl ethers was developed. When an iridium catalyst generated from [Ir(COD)Cl]2 (COD=cyclooctadiene) and a chiral P/olefin ligand is employed, highly functionalized β‐naphthalenone compounds bearing an all‐carbon‐substituted quaternary chiral center were obtained in up to 92 % yield and 98 % ee. The direct utilization of allyl alcohols as electrophiles represents an improvement from the viewpoint of atom economy. Allyl ethers were found to undergo asymmetric allylic substitution reaction under Ir catalysis for the first time. The diverse transformations of the dearomatized product to various motifs render this method attractive.
Synergistic Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Functionalization of Unactivated Alkyl Quinolines with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Meazza Marta , Tur Fernando , Hammer Niels , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA novel alkyl functionalization of unactivated alkyl quinolines has been developed combining InCl3 activation with organocatalytic activation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes in a synergistic fashion. The reaction proceeds in a highly stereoselective manner as a sequence involving two consecutive synergistic catalytic cycles (Lewis acid‐ and iminium ion‐catalyzed) and requires neither pre‐activated alkyl quinoline substrates with electron‐withdrawing substituents nor highly activated electrophiles. The reaction provides selectively double‐ or mono‐addition products in good yields and high to excellent stereoselectivities. Furthermore, based on spectroscopic and labelling experiments, the mechanisms for the reactions are discussed.
A dielectric study of water uptake in epoxy resin systems
Authors: Garden Lisa , Pethrick Richard A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe influence of epoxy resin formulation on the nature and extent of moisture is studied using dielectric and gravimetric analysis for samples cured at 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C and aged at 50 °C and 70 °C. The equilibrium moisture uptake depends on the difference between the glass transition and aging temperature. Dielectric relaxation data measured from 1 to 3 × 1010 Hz indicates the presence of water in at least two different environments. The high frequency relaxation ca. 1 × 1010 Hz is associated with water clustered in nano‐voids, whereas the relaxation at 105 Hz arises from a combination of OH pendant group reorientation motion coupled with that of molecularly dispersed water molecules. A correlation exist between the dielectric permittivity and the amount of moisture absorbed. Water initially resident in voids is re‐dispersed with aging into the resin matrix aiding plasticization and allowing densification of the matrix. The extent to which changes occur depends on the chemical functions forming the matrix and densification leads to a drop in the amount of water absorbed. In the complex resin systems, water interacts with both OH groups and polyether of the amine curing agent which is not possible with the aliphatic diamine in the simple system.] © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44717.
Crystallization behavior, heat resistance, and mechanical performances of PLLA/myo‐inositol blends
Authors: Shi Hui , Chen Xuan , Chen Wenkai , Pang Sujuan , Pan Lisha , Xu Nai , Li Tan 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, use of myo‐inositol as a biobased nucleating agent (NA) for PLLA was researched. Effects of myo‐inositol on non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors of PLLA at temperatures ranged from 85 °C to 130 °C were studied by using DSC, POM and WAXD. Isothermal crystallization kinetics results showed that the incorporation of myo‐inositol enhanced significantly the crystallization rate of the PLLA samples. It was confirmed that the optimum isothermal crystallization temperature range was 100 to 110 °C. The above results were instructive to confirm proper heat treatment time and temperature for compression or injection molding to fabricate highly crystallized PLLA articles. The relations among heat treatment time, crystallinity, heat resistance, and mechanical performances of the neat PLLA and PLLA/1% myo‐inositol specimens prepared by compression molding were investigated. Compared with the PLLA specimens, the PLLA/1% myo‐inositol specimens showed a shorter heat treatment time to reach the maximum crystallinity. Vicat softening temperature, as well as tensile strength, modulus, and toughness of the PLLA/1% myo‐inositol specimens was improved when crystallinity increased from 5.4% to 38.1%. Considering the nontoxicity and biocompatibility of myo‐inositol, PLLA/myo‐inositol blends would be potential to prepare some products, which are required higher health standard and can be used in elevated temperature environments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44732.