bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local partial melting of the lower crust triggered by hydration through melt–rock interaction: an example from Fiordland, New Zealand
Authors: Stuart C. A. , Daczko N. R. , Piazolo S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWe investigate a low‐strain outcrop of the lower crust, the Pembroke Granulite, exposed in northern Fiordland, New Zealand, which exhibits localized partial melting. Migmatite and associated tschermakite–clinozoisite (TC) gneiss form irregular, elongate bodies that cut a two‐pyroxene–pargasite (PP) gneiss. Gradational boundaries between rock types, and the progressive nature of changes in mineral assemblage, microstructure and chemistry are consistent with the TC gneiss and migmatite representing modified versions of the PP gneiss. Modification is essentially isochemical, where partial modification involves hydration of the assemblage and mineral chemistry changes, and complete modification involves additional recrystallization and in situ partial melt production. Microstructures of quartz and plagioclase, including small dihedral angles, string of beads textures and films surrounding amphibole and garnet grains are consistent with the former presence of melt in modified rock types. The documented rock modification is attributed to melt–rock interaction occurring during porous melt flow of a dominantly externally derived, hydrous silicate melt. Microstructures indicate melt flow occurred along grain boundaries and field relationships show it was focused into channels tens of metres wide, with preference for following the pre‐existing foliation. Melt–rock interaction at the grain scale resulted in hydration and modification of the host PP gneiss, which resulted in localized partial melting. These relationships indicate prograde hydration during localized melt–rock interaction drove migmatization of the lower crust.
Fatigue Failure of Narrow Implants with Different Implant‐Abutment Connection Designs
Authors: Bordin Dimorvan , Witek Lukasz , Fardin Vinícius P. , Bonfante Estevam A. , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the reliability of narrow diameter dental implants (NDIs) with similar macrogeometry and 3 implant‐abutment connection designs.Materials and MethodsEighty‐four NDIs (3.5 × 10 mm) were selected and divided into 4 groups (n = 21/group) according to implant‐abutment connection design, as follows: EH – external hexagon, IH – internal hexagon, IC – internal conical, and IC‐M – internal conical connected to a monolithic titanium abutment. Identical abutments were torqued to the implants, and standardized maxillary incisor crowns were cemented and subjected to step‐stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) in water. Use of level probability Weibull curves, and reliability for a mission of 50,000 cycles at 75 N and 200 N were calculated.ResultsThe beta (β) values were: 1.48 for IC, 1.40 for IC‐M, 8.54 for EH, and 1.98 for IH, indicating that damage accumulation was an acceleration factor for failure of all groups. At 75 N the probability of survival was not significantly different between groups. A decrease in reliability was observed for all groups at 200 N with no significant differences between IC (81.71%) and IC‐M (94.28%), or between EH and IH (0%) which presented the lowest values. EH failures were primarily restricted to the screw, while IH involved screw and implant fracture. IC and IC‐M were restricted to prosthetic failures (fracture and bending).ConclusionsNarrow implants with external or internal hexagon connections presented the lowest reliability at high loads compared to internal conical connections. Failure modes differed among connections.
Feeling Better When Someone Is Alike: Poor Emotion Regulators Profit From Pro‐Social Values and Priming for Similarities With Close Others
Authors: Chatterjee Monischa B. , Baumann Nicola , Koole Sander L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe dispositional inability to self‐regulate one's own emotions intuitively is described as state orientation and has been associated with numerous psychological impairments. The necessity to search for buffering effects against negative outcomes of state orientation is evident. Research suggests that state‐oriented individuals can benefit from feeling close to others. Yet, there are individual differences in the extent to which supportive relationships are valued. The objective of the present article was to examine whether high importance of relatedness increases the utilization of its situational activation among state‐oriented individuals.MethodIn two studies, we examined whether situational activation of relatedness (by priming for similarities with a close other) is particularly advantageous for state‐oriented individuals who attach high importance to relatedness (i.e., benevolence values). The sample consisted of 170 psychology undergraduates in Study 1 and 177 in Study 2.ResultsIn both studies, state‐oriented participants high in benevolence had reduced negative mood after thinking about similarities (vs. differences). State‐oriented participants low in benevolence did not benefit from priming for similarities. In Study 2, physical presence of a close other did not boost priming effects for state‐oriented participants but stimulated action‐oriented participants to attune their self‐regulatory efforts to the context.ConclusionsThe results show that state‐oriented individuals who value benevolence do benefit from a situational activation of relatedness.
Modulation of multidrug resistance-associated proteins function in erythrocytes in glycerol-induced acute renal failure rats
Authors: Matsushima Aoi , Oda Keisuke , Mori Nobuhiro , Murakami Teruo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Evaluation of the function of multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) expressed in erythrocytes and screening of endogenous MRPs modulator(s) in glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) rats.

Methods
Concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG), a substrate for MRPs, in erythrocytes after administration of 1-chloro-2,4-dintrobenzene (CDNB), a precursor of DNP-SG, were determined in control and ARF rats. The screening of endogenous MRPs modulator(s) was performed using washed erythrocytes and inside-out erythrocyte membrane vesicles (IOVs) in vitro.

Key findings
Accumulation of DNP-SG in erythrocytes was observed in ARF rats. Uraemic plasma components exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on DNP-SG uptake by IOVs than control plasma components and increased the DNP-SG accumulation significantly in washed erythrocytes. Several protein-bound uraemic toxins at clinically observed concentrations and bilirubin significantly inhibited DNP-SG uptake by IOVs. In washed erythrocytes, bilirubin (10 μm) and l-kynurenine (100 μm), a precursor of kynurenic acid being MRPs inhibitor, increased DNP-SG accumulation significantly.

Conclusions
Glycerol-induced ARF rats contain various MRPs inhibitors in plasma, and membrane-permeable MRP substrates/inhibitors including their precursors inhibit the MRPs function in erythrocytes cooperatively.
Melatonin is required for H2O2‐ and NO‐mediated defense signaling through MAPKKK3 and OXI1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lee Hyoung Yool , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMelatonin influences plant innate immunity through the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, the most upstream MAPK component in melatonin signaling and the dependence of generation of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst on melatonin synthesis and signaling remain unclear. In this study, treatment of several mekk (alias mapkkk)‐knockout Arabidopsis mutants with melatonin revealed that the MAPKKK3 and OXI1 (oxidative signal‐inducible1) kinases are responsible for triggering melatonin‐induced defense signaling pathways. In addition, melatonin induction upon infection with the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 (avrRpt2) was independent of H2O2 and NO individually, but dependent on the combination of H2O2 and NO. Moreover, melatonin‐mediated induction of the expression of defense‐related genes, such as PR1 and ICS1, was not altered in the H2O2‐deficient rbohD/F‐knockout mutant cotreated with an NO scavenger, indicating that melatonin functions downstream of the ROS and NO burst. Collectively, the data indicate that melatonin‐mediated induction of an innate immune response requires multiple signaling molecules and activation of MAPKKK3 and OXI1, followed by triggering of downstream MAPK cascades, such as MAPK3 and MAPK6.
Evaluation of a Biofloc System for Intensive Culture of Fathead Minnows, Pimephales promelas
Authors: Park Jeonghwan , Roy Luke A. , Renukdas Nilima , Luna Trevor 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study was carried out to test the suitability of biofloc technology to improve the productivity of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, a commercially important baitfish in North America. Biofloc growth was induced in treatment tanks by periodic additions of a carbon source (glucose) to maintain a C : N ratio of 12:1. Control tanks (no aeration and no carbon addition) accommodated densities equivalent to 1 million fish/ha, while treatment tanks (biofloc) had densities of 1, 2, 4, and 8 million fish/ha. Fish were fed 4% body weight using a 32% protein commercial diet. There were no significant differences in condition of fish harvested from control and treatment densities (P < 0.05). However, fish growth indicators such as final individual weight, feed conversion efficiency, and specific growth rate were significantly impaired at higher stocking densities. Survival rate was significantly lower in the 8 million/ha treatment (P < 0.05). Results were indicative of possible production efficiencies of twofold higher in biofloc systems stocked at or below 4 million/ha compared with traditional ponds. Although biofloc systems maintained the desired water‐quality parameters, biofloc microbial biomass did not seem to significantly enhance feed conversion and specific growth rates of fathead minnows.
Liver stiffness and platelet count for identifying patients with compensated liver disease at low risk of variceal bleeding
Authors: Marot Astrid , Trépo Eric , Doerig Christopher , Schoepfer Alain , Moreno Christophe , Deltenre Pierre 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsThe 2015 Baveno VI guidelines recommend against performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with compensated cirrhosis who have a liver stiffness <20 kPa and a platelet count >150 000/mm³ because of a low prevalence of varices at risk of bleeding in this population. The aim was to synthesize the available evidence on the usefulness of the combined use of liver stiffness and platelet count to identify patients without oesophageal varices.MethodsMeta‐analysis of trials evaluating the usefulness of a given cut‐off for liver stiffness and platelet count to rule out the presence of oesophageal varices.ResultsFifteen studies were included. All studies excepting five used the Baveno VI criteria. Compared to patients with either high liver stiffness or low platelet count, those with low liver stiffness and normal platelet count had a lower risk of varices at risk of bleeding (OR=0.22, 95% CI=0.13‐0.39, P<.001) with low heterogeneity between studies (I2=21%). They also had a lower risk of varices (OR=0.23, 95% CI=0.17‐0.32, P<.001) with moderate heterogeneity between studies (I2=28%). In patients with low liver stiffness and normal platelet count, the pooled estimate rates for varices at risk of bleeding was 0.040 (95% CI=0.027‐0.059) with low heterogeneity between studies (I2=3%).ConclusionsPatients with low liver stiffness and normal platelet count have a lower risk of varices than those with either high liver stiffness or low platelet count. Varices at risk of bleeding are found in no more than 4% of patients when liver stiffness is <20 kPa and platelet count is normal.
BOUNDING WRONG‐WAY RISK IN CVA CALCULATION
Authors: Glasserman Paul , Yang Linan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA credit valuation adjustment (CVA) is an adjustment applied to the value of a derivative contract or a portfolio of derivatives to account for counterparty credit risk. Measuring CVA requires combining models of market and credit risk to estimate a counterparty's risk of default together with the market value of exposure to the counterparty at default. Wrong‐way risk refers to the possibility that a counterparty's likelihood of default increases with the market value of the exposure. We develop a method for bounding wrong‐way risk, holding fixed marginal models for market and credit risk and varying the dependence between them. Given simulated paths of the two models, a linear program computes the worst‐case CVA. We analyze properties of the solution and prove convergence of the estimated bound as the number of paths increases. The worst case can be overly pessimistic, so we extend the procedure by constraining the deviation of the joint model from a baseline reference model. Measuring the deviation through relative entropy leads to a tractable convex optimization problem that can be solved through the iterative proportional fitting procedure. Here, too, we prove convergence of the resulting estimate of the penalized worst‐case CVA and the joint distribution that attains it. We consider extensions with additional constraints and illustrate the method with examples.
Genetic differentiation between humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from Atlantic and Pacific breeding grounds of South America
Authors: Cypriano‐Souza Ana Lúcia , Engel Márcia H. , Caballero Susana , Olavarría Carlos , Flórez‐González Lilián , Capella Juan , Steel Debbie , Sremba Angie , Aguayo Anelio , Thiele Deborah , Baker C. Scott , Bonatto Sandro L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHumpback whales wintering in tropical waters along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the South American continent are thought to represent distinct populations or “stocks.” Here we present the first analysis of genetic differentiation and estimates of gene flow between these breeding stocks, based on both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences (465 bp) and 16 microsatellite loci from samples collected off Brazil (n = 277) and Colombia (n = 148), as well as feeding areas near the western Antarctic Peninsula (n = 86). We found significant differentiation between Brazilian and Colombian breeding grounds at both mtDNA (FST = 0.058) and microsatellite (FST = 0.011) markers and corroborated previous studies showing genetic similarity between humpbacks from Colombia and those from Antarctic Peninsula feeding areas. Estimates of long‐term gene flow between Brazil and Colombia were low to moderate, asymmetrical, and mostly mediated by males. Assignment procedures detected some cases of interchange and individuals of admixed ancestry between breeding grounds, indicating limited mixing of individuals between these stocks. Overall, results highlight the differentiation of humpback whale breeding populations with adjacent feeding grounds. This appears to be a remarkable example of fidelity to seasonal habitat in the absence of any contemporary barriers.
The Beginning of Wisdom: On the Postliberal Interpretation of Scripture
Authors: James Mark Randall 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis essay sketches a postliberal account of scriptural interpretation as a process of formation in wisdom. Building on Lindbeck's claim that scripture constitutes exemplary utterances of Christian language, it argues that the sort of theological hermeneutics that results from this model depends upon one's philosophy of language. Against the conventionalist assumption that a community's norms for using language are distinct from the rules of rationality, it argues that linguistic and rational norms are intertwined, exemplified by the Biblical wisdom tradition and developed by contemporary philosophers like Peter Ochs and Robert Brandom. It suggests that reading scripture forms wisdom by correcting common sense. To make this process explicit, it examines how the book of Proverbs trains its readers, as beginners in the pursuit of wisdom, to learn to use proverbs by performing a reading of the proverb as “wounds from a friend can be trusted” and reflecting on the role of reasoning implicit in that process. It then draws on Brandom's inferential semantics and Grice's pragmatic theory of implicature to make this reasoning process explicit. Finally, it suggests that for theological readers of scripture, there can be no bounds to the process of reasoning: the full meaning of scripture can only be exhausted by one with complete knowledge and a perfect capacity to draw inferences.
Nutrient deficiencies and depression in older adults according to sex: A cross sectional study
Authors: Park Yeon‐Hwan , Choi‐Kwon Smi , Park Kyung‐Ae , Suh Minhee , Jung Young‐soon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the prevalence and predicting factors of depression in older Korean community‐dwelling adults, giving special attention to nutrition and social support. Data from male (n = 123) and female (n = 135) older adults were collected in two senior centers in 2009. We found that depression was present in 17.1%. No significant gender difference was found in the prevalence of depression although the predicting factors were gender specific. In male participants, deficient protein intake, having more chronic diseases, and having a subjective perception of difficulties in mastication were predicting factors for depression, whereas deficient vitamin B6 intake, lower cognition, and lack of social support were predicting factors in female participants. The high prevalence of depression, regardless of gender, highlights the urgent need to screen depressed elders. The different predicting factors for depression in male and female older adults suggest a need to develop gender‐specific interventions to alleviate depressive symptoms.
Cloning of the Orange Light‐Producing Luciferase from Photinus scintillans—A New Proposal on how Bioluminescence Color is Determined
Authors: Branchini Bruce R. , Southworth Tara L. , Fontaine Danielle M. , Murtiashaw Martha H. , McGurk Alex , Talukder Munya H. , Qureshi Rakhshi , Yetil Deniz , Sundlov Jesse A. , Gulick Andrew M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnlike the enchanting yellow‐green flashes of light produced on warm summer evenings by Photinus pyralis, the most common firefly species in North America, the orange lights of Photinus scintillans are infrequently observed. These Photinus species, and likely all bioluminescent beetles, use the same substrates beetle luciferin, ATP and oxygen to produce light. It is the structure of the particular luciferase enzyme that is the key to determining the color of the emitted light. We report here the molecular cloning of the P. scintillans luc gene and the expression and characterization of the corresponding novel recombinant luciferase enzyme. A comparison of the amino acid sequence with that of the highly similar P. pyralis enzyme and subsequent mutagenesis studies revealed that the single conservative amino acid change tyrosine to phenylalanine at position 255 accounted for the entire emission color difference. Additional mutagenesis and crystallographic studies were performed on a H‐bond network, which includes the position 255 residue and five other stringently conserved beetle luciferase residues, that is proximal to the substrate/emitter binding site. The results are interpreted in the context of a speculative proposal that this network is key to the understanding of bioluminescence color determination.
Asymmetric Monotone Comparative Statics for the Industry Compositions
Authors: Rosenstand Laugesen Anders 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWithin a standard model of international trade with heterogenous firms and two asymmetric countries, we derive sufficient conditions for monotone comparative statics (MCS) for the industry composition. This model outcome is defined as first‐order stochastic dominance shifts in the equilibrium distributions of all activities across active firms. MCS for the industry composition occurs in a country that experiences a decline in its costs of serving the foreign market and meanwhile experiences an increase in its level of competition. In the other country, the industry‐level implications are exactly opposite. These clear industry‐level results hold while firms respond asymmetrically to the trade shock.
T Cell Responses and Regulation and the Impact of In Vitro IL‐10 and TGF‐β Modulation During Treatment of Active Tuberculosis
Authors: Feruglio S. L. , Kvale D. , Dyrhol‐Riise A. M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is particularly challenging for the immune system being an intracellular pathogen, and a variety of T cell subpopulations are activated by the host defence mechanism. In this study, we investigated T cell responses and regulation in active TB patients with drug‐sensitive Mtb (N = 18) during 24 weeks of efficient anti‐TB therapy. T cell activation, differentiation, regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets, Mtb‐induced T cell proliferation and in vitro IL‐10 and TGF‐β modulation were analysed by flow cytometry at baseline and after 8 and 24 weeks of therapy, while soluble cytokines in culture supernatants were analysed by a 9‐plex Luminex assay. Successful treatment resulted in significantly reduced co‐expression of HLA‐DR/CD38 and PD‐1/CD38 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, while the fraction of CD4+CD25highCD127low Tregs (P = 0.017) and CD4+CD25highCD127low CD147+ Tregs (P = 0.029) showed significant transient increase at week 8. In vitro blockade of IL‐10/TGF‐β upon Mtb antigen stimulation significantly lowered the fraction of ESAT‐6‐specific CD4+CD25highCD127low Tregs at baseline (P = 0.047), while T cell proliferation and cytokine production were unaffected. Phenotypical and Mtb‐specific T cell signatures may serve as markers of effective therapy, while the IL‐10/TGF‐β pathway could be a target for early inhibition to facilitate Mtb clearance. However, larger clinical studies are needed for verification before concluding.