bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound evaluation of left ventricular and aortic fibrosis after pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Orabona R. , Sciatti E. , Vizzardi E. , Bonadei I. , Prefumo F. , Valcamonico A. , Metra M. , Frusca T. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesMyocardial fibrosis is associated with adverse clinical outcome in adults. Our aim was to investigate using echocardiographic calibrated integrated backscatter (cIBS) the presence of myocardial and/or aortic fibrosis in asymptomatic women with a history of early‐onset (EO) or late‐onset (LO) pre‐eclampsia (PE).MethodsThirty non‐pregnant women whose most recent pregnancy was complicated by EO‐PE, 30 with previous LO‐PE pregnancy and 30 controls who had experienced only uncomplicated pregnancy previously were selected retrospectively from our electronic database and recalled between 6 months and 4 years after delivery. Data regarding gestational age (GA) and mean uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI) at diagnosis of PE were collected from their medical records. The women underwent cardiovascular assessment, during which the presence of fibrosis was investigated, by means of cIBS, at the basal interventricular septum (cIBSIVS), the basal posterior wall (cIBSPW) and the anterior wall of the ascending aorta, 3 cm above the valve (cIBSAO). These findings were compared between the three patient groups.ResultsUsing cIBS imaging, we found significant left ventricular (LV) fibrosis in women with a history of EO‐PE compared with those with previous LO‐PE pregnancy and controls (intergroup ANOVA P < 0.001 for cIBSIVS and P = 0.005 for cIBSPW), whereas aortic fibrosis did not differ significantly among cases and controls. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that LV fibrosis was associated independently with lower GA and higher mean UtA‐PI at diagnosis of PE, while cIBSAO correlated with aortic diameters, stiffness and ventricular–arterial coupling.ConclusionsWomen with a history of EO‐PE show LV fibrosis in the short–medium term after delivery compared with women with previous LO‐PE pregnancy and controls. LV fibrosis is associated with GA and mean UtA‐PI at onset of PE. Larger studies using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are needed to validate and confirm our findings. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Histologically Proven Bronchial Neuroendocrine Tumors in MEN1: A GTE 51‐Case Cohort Study
Authors: Lecomte P. , Binquet C. , Le Bras M. , Tabarin A. , Cardot‐Bauters C. , Borson‐Chazot F. , Lombard‐Bohas C. , Baudin E. , Delemer B. , Klein M. , Vergès B. , Aparicio T. , Cosson E. , Beckers A. , Caron Ph. , Chabre O. , Chanson Ph. , Du Boullay H. , Guilhem I. , Niccoli P. , Rohmer V. , Guigay J. , Vulpoi C. , Scoazec J. Y. , Goudet P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the natural history of MEN1‐related bronchial endocrine tumors (br‐NETs) and to determine their histological characteristics, survival and causes of death.
Summary background databr‐NETs frequency ranges from 3 to 13% and may reach 32% depending on the number of patients evaluated and on the criteria required for diagnosis.
MethodsThe 1023‐patient series of symptomatic MEN1 patients followed up in a median of 48.7 [35.5–59.6] years by the Groupe d’étude des Tumeurs Endocrines was analyzed using time‐to‐event techniques.Resultsbr‐NETs were found in 51 patients (4.8%, [95% CI 3.6–6.2%]) and were discovered by imaging in 86% of cases (CT scan, Octreoscan, Chest X‐ray, MRI). Median age at diagnosis was 45 years [28–66]. Histological examination showed 27 (53%) typical carcinoids (TC), 16 (31%) atypical carcinoids (AC), 2 (4%) large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC), 3(6%) small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCLC), 3(6%) TC associated with AC. Overall survival was not different from the rest of the cohort (HR 0.29, [95% CI 0.02–5.14]). AC tended to have a worse prognosis than TC (p = 0.08). Seven deaths were directly related to br‐NETs (three AC, three SCLC and one LCNEC). Patients who underwent surgery survived longer (p = 10−4) and were metastasis free, while 8 of 14 non‐operated patients were metastatic. There were no operative deaths.ConclusionsAround 5% of MEN1 patients develop br‐NETs. br‐NETs do not decrease overall survival in MEN1 patients, but poorly differentiated and aggressive br‐NETs can cause death. br‐NETs must be screened carefully. A biopsy is essential to operate on patients in time.
When to Consider Risk‐Reducing Mastectomy in BRCA1/BRCA2 Mutation Carriers with Advanced Stage Ovarian Cancer: a Case Study Illustrating the Genetic Counseling Challenges
Authors: Speight Beverley , Tischkowitz Marc 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGermline mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer in women. This case report describes a BRCA1 germline mutation identified in a woman with stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer and the provision of genetic counseling about BRCA1‐associated breast cancer risk in the three years following diagnosis. The report centers on the patient's enquiry about risk‐reducing breast surgery. We focus on the challenges for health professionals and patients in understanding and balancing the risks and benefits of major prophylactic surgery in the context of a potentially life‐limiting cancer diagnosis. Breast cancer risk management in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers with advanced ovarian cancer is an under‐explored area of genetic counseling research. This article includes a case report, a review of the relevant literature and considers some implications for practice.
Regional tau deposition and subregion atrophy of medial temporal structures in early Alzheimer's disease: A combined positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Sone Daichi , Imabayashi Etsuko , Maikusa Norihide , Okamura Nobuyuki , Furumoto Shozo , Kudo Yukitsuka , Ogawa Masayo , Takano Harumasa , Yokoi Yuma , Sakata Masuhiro , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Kato Koichi , Matsuda Hiroshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionMolecular imaging and selective hippocampal subfield atrophy are a focus of recent Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Here, we investigated correlations between molecular imaging and hippocampal subfields in early AD.MethodsWe investigated 18 patients with early AD and 18 healthy control subjects using 11C‐Pittsburgh compound‐B (PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F‐THK5351 PET and automatic segmentation of hippocampal subfields with high‐resolution T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The PET images were normalized and underwent voxelwise regression analysis with each subregion volumes using SPM12.ResultsAs for 18F‐THK5351 PET, the bilateral perirhinal cortex volumes were significantly associated with the ipsilateral or bilateral temporal lobar uptakes, whereas hippocampal subfields showed no correlations. 11C‐PIB PET showed relatively broad negative correlation with the right cornu ammonis 3 volumes.DiscussionRegional tau deposition was correlated with extrahippocampal subregional atrophy and not with hippocampal subfields, possibly reflecting different underlying mechanisms of atrophy in early AD. Amyloid might be associated with right cornu ammonis 3 atrophy.
Quality of Life and Sexual Function Benefits of Long-Term Testosterone Treatment: Longitudinal Results From the Registry of Hypogonadism in Men (RHYME)
Authors: Rosen Raymond C. , Wu Frederick , Behre Hermann M. , Porst Hartmut , Meuleman Eric J.H. , Maggi Mario , Romero-Otero Javier , Martinez-Salamanca Juan I. , Jones Thomas Hugh , Debruyne Frans M.J. , Kurth Karl-Heinz , Hackett Geoff I. , Quinton Richard , Stroberg Peter , Reisman Yacov , Pescatori Edoardo S. , Morales Antonio , Bassas Lluis , Cruz Natalio , Cunningham Glenn R. , Wheaton Olivia A. ,   RHYME Investigators
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
The benefits and risks of long-term testosterone administration have been a topic of much scientific and regulatory interest in recent years.

Aim
To assess long-term quality of life (QOL) and sexual function benefits of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) prospectively in a diverse, multinational cohort of men with hypogonadism.

Methods
A multinational patient registry was used to assess long-term changes associated with TRT in middle-age and older men with hypogonadism. Comprehensive evaluations were conducted at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after enrollment into the registry.

Outcomes
QOL and sexual function were evaluated by validated measures, including the Aging Males’ Symptom (AMS) Scale and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF).

Results
A total of 999 previously untreated men with hypogonadism were enrolled at 25 European centers, 750 of whom received TRT at at least one visit during the period of observation. Patients on TRT reported rapid and sustained improvements in QOL, with fewer sexual, psychological, and somatic symptoms. Modest improvements in QOL and sexual function, including erectile function, also were noted in RHYME patients not on TRT, although treated patients showed consistently greater benefit over time in all symptom domains compared with untreated patients. AMS total scores for patients on TRT were 32.8 (95% confidence interval = 31.3–34.4) compared with 36.6 (95% confidence interval = 34.8–38.5) for untreated patients (P &lt; .001). Small but significant improvements in IIEF scores over time also were noted with TRT. Approximately 25% of treated and untreated men also used phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, with notable differences in the frequency of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor prescription use according to physician specialty and geographic site location.

Clinical Implications
TRT-related benefits in QOL and sexual function are well maintained for up to 36 months after initiation of treatment.

Strengths and Limitations
The major strengths are the large, diverse patient population being treated in multidisciplinary clinical settings. The major limitation is the frequency of switching from one formulation to another.

Conclusion
Overall, we confirmed the broad and sustained benefits of TRT across major QOL dimensions, including sexual, somatic, and psychological health, which were sustained over 36 months in our treatment cohort.
Percutaneous Ultrasonic Tenotomy for Refractory Common Extensor Tendinopathy After Failed Open Surgical Release: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Williams Reed C. , Pourcho Adam M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCommon extensor tendinopathy (CET) is a common, painful overuse and degenerative condition of the lateral elbow, affecting an estimated 2 million patients per year. Although many cases resolve with conservative treatment, recalcitrant cases may progress to open surgical intervention. For patients who do not improve with surgical management, treatment options are extremely limited. In this article, we present 2 cases of recalcitrant surgically treated CET successfully treated with sonographically guided percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy with 1‐year follow‐up. To our knowledge, this is the first publication demonstrating successful treatment of recalcitrant CET after open surgical repair, with the use of ultrasonic tenotomy.Level of EvidenceV
A behavioural explanation to the asymmetric volatility phenomenon: Evidence from market volatility index
Authors: Pati Pratap Chandra , Rajib Prabina , Barai Parama 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study examines how the behavioural explanations, in particular loss aversion, can be used to explain the asymmetric volatility phenomenon by investigating the relationship between stock market returns and changes in investor perceptions of risk measured by the volatility index. We study the behaviour of India volatility index vis‐à‐vis Hong Kong, Australia and UK volatility index, and provide a comprehensive comparative analysis. Using Bai‐Perron test, we identify structural breaks and volatility regimes in the time series of volatility index, and investigate the volatility index‐return relation during high, medium and low volatility periods. Regardless of volatility regimes, we find that volatility index moves in opposite direction in response to stock index returns, and contemporaneous return is the most dominating across the four markets. The negative relation is strongest for UK followed by Australia, Hong Kong and India. Second, volatility index reacts significantly different to positive and negative returns; negative return has higher impact on changes in volatility index than positive return across the markets over full‐sample and sub‐sample periods. The asymmetric effect is stronger in low volatility regime than in high and medium volatility periods for all the markets except UK. The strength of asymmetric effect is strongest for Hong Kong and weakest for India. Finally, negative returns have exponentially increasing effect and positive returns have exponentially decreasing effect on the changes in volatility index.
Targeting Statues: Monument “Vandalism” as an Expression of Sociopolitical Protest in South Africa
Authors: Marschall Sabine 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:Inspired by the “Rhodes Must Fall” campaign, this article examines the defacement of statues and commemorative monuments in postapartheid South Africa. The term “vandalism” is problematized and, based on observation, site visits, and media reports, various cases of statue defacement are then discussed. Local events are contextualized in relation to selected postcolonial societies in Africa and other comparative international contexts. The article argues that political discontent is not necessarily expressed in overt acts of ideologically motivated vandalism, but can manifest itself equally in acts of neglect, disrespect, silence, and disengagement.
Melting and freezing under Antarctic ice shelves from a combination of ice-sheet modelling and observations
Authors: BERNALES JORGE , ROGOZHINA IRINA , THOMAS MAIK 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIce-shelf basal melting is the largest contributor to the negative mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. However, current implementations of ice/ocean interactions in ice-sheet models disagree with the distribution of sub-shelf melt and freezing rates revealed by recent observational studies. Here we present a novel combination of a continental-scale ice flow model and a calibration technique to derive the spatial distribution of basal melting and freezing rates for the whole Antarctic ice-shelf system. The modelled ice-sheet equilibrium state is evaluated against topographic and velocity observations. Our high-resolution (10-km spacing) simulation predicts an equilibrium ice-shelf basal mass balance of −1648.7 Gt a−1 that increases to −1917.0 Gt a−1 when the observed ice-shelf thinning rates are taken into account. Our estimates reproduce the complexity of the basal mass balance of Antarctic ice shelves, providing a reference for parameterisations of sub-shelf ocean/ice interactions in continental ice-sheet models. We perform a sensitivity analysis to assess the effects of variations in the model set-up, showing that the retrieved estimates of basal melting and freezing rates are largely insensitive to changes in the internal model parameters, but respond strongly to a reduction of model resolution and the uncertainty in the input datasets.
Epicutaneous sensitization with nematode antigens of fish parasites results in the production of specific IgG and IgE
Authors: Fontenelle G. , Knoff M. , Verícimo M.A. , São Clemente S.C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFish consumption plays an important role in the human diet.Hoplias malabaricus, trahira, is a freshwater fish widely appreciated in several Brazilian states and it is frequently infected byContracaecum multipapillatumthird-instar larvae (L3). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the allergenic potential of theC. multipapillatumL3 crude extract (CECM). BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally (ip) with 10 or 50 μg CECM associated with 2 mg of aluminium hydroxide on days 0, 14 and 48. The determination of specific IgG and IgE antibody levels was done after immunization, and the late immunity was evaluated by the intradermal reaction in the ear pavilion. Epicutaneous sensitization was performed in the dorsal region, with antigenic exposure via a Finn-type chamber, containing 100 μg of chicken ovum albumin (OVA) or 100 μg CECM. After the exposures, the specific antibody levels were determined. In the ip immunization, there was a gradual increase in IgG antibody levels, independent of CECM concentration. In relation to IgE production, it was transitory, and immunization with 10 μg was more efficient than that of 50 μg. The same result was observed in the cellular hypersensitivity reaction. In the case of antigen exposure by the epicutaneous route, it was verified that only CECM was able to induce detectable levels of specific IgG and IgE antibodies. In the present study it was demonstrated that both intraperitoneal immunization and epicutaneous contact withC. multipapillatumlarval antigens are potentially capable of inducing allergic sensitization in mice.
Robust monitoring of the Eurasian lynxLynx lynxin the Slovak Carpathians reveals lower numbers than officially reported
Authors: Kubala Jakub , Smolko Peter , Zimmermann Fridolin , Rigg Robin , Tám Branislav , Iľko Tomáš , Foresti Danilo , Breitenmoser-Würsten Christine , Kropil Rudolf , Breitenmoser Urs 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Eurasian lynxLynx lynxpopulation in the Carpathian Mountains is considered to be one of the best preserved and largest in Europe and hence is a source for past and current reintroduction projects in central Europe. However, its status in Slovakia has been reported to the European Commission on the basis of hunters´ reports and expert estimates that have never been validated by a robust scientific approach. We conducted the first camera-trapping surveys to estimate the density of Eurasian lynx in Slovakia by means of spatial capture–recapture models in two reference areas during 2011–2015. We estimated population density per 100 km2of suitable lynx habitat (posterior SD) as 0.58 ± SD 0.13 independent individuals (adults and subadults) in the Štiavnica Mountains and 0.81 ± SD 0.29 in Veľká Fatra National Park and surroundings. These are the lowest densities estimated using spatial capture–recapture models so far reported for the species, suggesting the lynx population in Slovakia is below carrying capacity. We suspect that low densities may be attributable to undetected human-caused mortality. Our results imply that official game statistics are substantially overestimated. Moreover, the lynx population in Slovakia may not be at favourable conservation status as required by the EU Habitats Directive. We therefore call for a thorough assessment of the density and trend of the Slovak Carpathian lynx population, and the establishment of a scientifically robust monitoring system.
Motivational Mechanisms in the Relation between Job Characteristics and Employee Functioning
Authors: Olafsen Anja H. , Halvari Hallgeir 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the job demands-resources (JD-R) model in relation to work motivation in a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective, with the purpose of developing a model where social-contextual factors are seen in relation to psychological needs in order to explain autonomous work motivation and, in turn, self-reported work performance and somatic symptom burden. SEM-analyses of cross-sectional survey data including 405 waiters/waitresses in Norway were conducted to evaluate the hypothesized model. Results indicate that different job resources have different relations to psychological need satisfaction, and that certain types of job demands (i.e., job challenges) actually may enhance satisfaction of specific psychological needs. In particular, task autonomy had a positive relation to autonomy satisfaction (p < .001) and to competence satisfaction (p < .05), positive feedback had a positive relation to autonomy-, competence-, and relatedness satisfaction (p < .001), and workload had a positive relation to competence satisfaction (p < .001). Furthermore, psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness positively related to autonomous work motivation and, in turn, positively to work performance and negatively to somatic symptom burden (p < .001). Indirect relations were also detected between the job characteristics and autonomous work motivation and between the basic needs and work performance (p < .05). Hence, when explaining autonomous work motivation and work outcomes, it is important to distinguish between different job demands and job resources, as well as among the three psychological needs.
The interaction of corrosion fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking in a precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Donahue J. Ryan , Lass Amber B. , Burns James T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFracture mechanics-based testing was used to quantify the stress-corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue behavior of a precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steel (Custom 465-H950) in full immersion chloride-containing environments at two applied electrochemical potentials. A plateau in the cycle-based crack-growth kinetics (da/dN) was observed during fatigue loading at low ΔKand [Cl−] at and above 0.6 M. Evaluation of the fracture morphology and frequency dependence of this plateau behavior revealed an intergranular fracture surface morphology and constant time-dependent growth rates. These data strongly support a controlling stress-corrosion cracking mechanism occurring well below the establishedKISCCfor quasi-static loading. Low-amplitude cyclic loading below ΔKTH(i.e., “ripple loads”) is hypothesized to enable time-dependent intergranular-stress-corrosion cracking to occur below theKISCCvia mechanical rupturing of the crack-tip film and enhancement of the H embrittlement-based SCC mechanism.
Extreme anoxia tolerance in crucian carp and goldfish through neofunctionalization of duplicated genes creating a new ethanol-producing pyruvate decarboxylase pathway
Authors: Fagernes Cathrine E. , Stensløkken Kåre-Olav , Røhr Åsmund K. , Berenbrink Michael , Ellefsen Stian , Nilsson Göran E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWithout oxygen, most vertebrates die within minutes as they cannot meet cellular energy demands with anaerobic metabolism. However, fish of the genus Carassius (crucian carp and goldfish) have evolved a specialized metabolic system that allows them to survive prolonged periods without oxygen by producing ethanol as their metabolic end-product. Here we show that this has been made possible by the evolution of a pyruvate decarboxylase, analogous to that in brewer’s yeast and the first described in vertebrates, in addition to a specialized alcohol dehydrogenase. Whole-genome duplication events have provided additional gene copies of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex that have evolved into a pyruvate decarboxylase, while other copies retained the essential function of the parent enzymes. We reveal the key molecular substitution in duplicated pyruvate dehydrogenase genes that underpins one of the most extreme hypoxic survival strategies among vertebrates and that is highly deleterious in humans.