bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability Modeling of Water‐Based Surfactant Covered Micro‐bubble Fluids
Authors: Alizadeh Ali , Khamehchi Ehsan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCurrently, due to the decrease in easy access to crude oil reservoirs, oil and gas industries have focused on production from heavy oil and depleted reservoirs. In recent years, micro‐bubble fluids with surfactant and polymer layers around the bubbles are investigated as a part of drilling fluids and their positive effect on the formation damage is proven. Stability of the bubbles in the fluid is very important, and the optimum surfactant and polymer types should be chosen at optimum concentrations. In this work, an attempt is made to analyze the stability of bubbles of the drilling fluid, based on the diffusive mass transfer concept. Mass transfer and interfacial mass transfer coefficients become more important when surfactant concentration gradient exists in micro‐bubble layers. Interfacial mass transfer coefficients have an important effect on mass transfer phenomena in Aphron fluids system; so, the precise selection of these coefficients results in the conformity of modeling and experiments. We can say that reducing the mass transfer rate from bubble layers will result in stable bubbles in the fluid and, thus, the efficiency of the fluid during drilling will not decrease. It is shown that the interfacial mass transfer coefficient decreases with an increase in surfactant concentration.
The development of surgical sperm extraction and new challenges to improve the outcome
Authors: Enatsu Noritoshi , Chiba Koji , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSurgical sperm extraction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection has become widespread worldwide and is regarded as the sole option for patients with azoospermia. However, the sperm retrieval rate remains unsatisfactorily low, particularly for men with non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Therefore, the technical challenges associated with improving the sperm retrieval rate for men with NOA are being addressed. The most successful method developed to date is microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro‐TESE), which is rapidly becoming recognized as a useful technique due to its relatively high sperm retrieval rate and low complication rate. However, even with micro‐TESE, the sperm retrieval rate for men with NOA remains at 30–60 %, with an even lower birth rate. The technical challenges associated with improving the outcomes of surgical sperm extraction are being approached through the use of ultrasound and optimal surgical devices such as narrow band imaging, multiphoton microscopy, and optical coherent tomography. In addition to the difficulties related to searching for sperm, medical treatments that induce spermatogenesis remain controversial. For example, varicocele repair prior to surgical sperm extraction and hormonal therapy before and after TESE have been extensively examined. We herein briefly summarized the development process in surgical sperm extraction up to the present and technical challenges to improve the outcomes of surgical sperm extraction.
Trends in incidentie, prognose en sterfte bij spierinvasief blaascarcinoom
Authors: Aben Katja K.H. , van der Heijden A. G. , Kiemeney Lambertus A.L.M. 
Published: November 2015

Samenvatting
Er is een licht dalende trend waarneembaar in het risico voor Nederlandse mannen om met een spierinvasief blaascarcinoom (muscle-invasive bladder cancer, MIBC) gediagnosticeerd te worden en om aan de ziekte te overlijden. Voor vrouwen is het tegenovergestelde het geval. Deze trends hebben voornamelijk te maken met veranderingen in het rookpatroon enkele decennia geleden. Opvallend is dat de laatste decennia de vijfjaarsoverleving van het spierinvasief blaascarcinoom niet is verbeterd, hoewel de postoperatieve sterfte wel lager is geworden. Patiënten onder de 75 jaar met een cT2–cT4aN0M0-tumor worden overwegend met cystectomie behandeld en, in toenemende mate, ook met neoadjuvante chemotherapie. Bij patiënten met een dergelijke tumor, die ouder zijn dan 75 jaar, heeft radiotherapie en ‘geen therapie met curatieve intentie’ nog de overhand.
Balancing Early Aggression Against Risk of Progression in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Duquette Pierre , Giacomini Paul S. , Bhan Virender , Hohol Marika , Schecter Robyn 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease characterized by focal and diffuse inflammation of the central nervous system resulting in significant physical and cognitive disabilities. Disease-modifying therapies targeting the dysfunctional immune response are most effective in the first few years after disease onset, indicating that there is a limited time window for therapy to influence the disease course. No evidence of disease activity is emerging as a new standard for treatment response and may be associated with improved long-term disability outcomes. An aggressive management strategy, including earlier use of more potent immunomodulatory agents and close monitoring of the clinical and radiologic response to treatment, is recommended to minimize early brain volume loss and slow the progression of physical and cognitive impairments in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
On a family of self-affine sets: Topology, uniqueness, simultaneous expansions
Authors: HARE KEVIN G. , SIDOROV NIKITA 
Published: November 2015

Let$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2}>1$and$T_{i}(x,y)=((x+i)/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},(y+i)/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2}),i\in \{\pm 1\}$. Let$A:=A_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2}}$be the unique compact set satisfying$A=T_{1}(A)\cup T_{-1}(A)$. In this paper, we give a detailed analysis of$A$and the parameters$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2})$where$A$satisfies various topological properties. In particular, we show that if$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2}<1.202$, then$A$has a non-empty interior, thus significantly improving the bound from Dajaniet al[Self-affine sets with positive Lebesgue measure.Indag. Math. (N.S.)25(2014), 774–784]. In the opposite direction, we prove that the connectedness locus for this family studied in Solomyak [Connectedness locus for pairs of affine maps and zeros of power series.Preprint, 2014, arXiv:1407.2563] is not simply connected. We prove that the set of points of$A$which have a unique address has positive Hausdorff dimension for all$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2})$. Finally, we investigate simultaneous$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{2})$-expansions of reals, which were the initial motivation for studying this family in Güntürk [Simultaneous and hybrid beta-encodings.Information Sciences and Systems, 2008. CISS 2008. 42nd Annual Conference2008, pp. 743–748].
Counter-examples to an infinitesimal version of the Furstenberg conjecture
Authors: KLOECKNER BENOÎT R. 
Published: November 2015

In this paper we observe that one of our main results in ‘Optimal transport and dynamics of circle expanding maps acting on measures’ [Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.33(2) (2013), 529–548] has an interesting consequence: an infinitesimal version of the Furstenberg conjecture is false in a very strong way. More precisely, we find deformations of the Lebesgue measure on the circle which are first-order invariant simultaneously for all integer multiplications modulo 1. We also correct an error in a lemma of the mentioned article. Both the proof and the statement must be corrected, but the main results of the article are not affected.
Unusual brachiopod fauna from the Middle Triassic algal meadows of Mt. Svilaja (Outer Dinarides, Croatia)
Authors: Halamski Adam T. , Bitner Maria Aleksandra , Kaim Andrzej , Kolar-Jurkovšek Tea , Jurkovšek Bogdan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLadinian deposits at Mt. Svilaja in Dalmatia (Outer Dinarides, Croatia) yielded an abundant brachiopod fauna of low diversity interpreted as a parautochthonous assemblage representing an ecosystem of dasycladacean submarine meadow. The fauna consists of four named species and one left in open nomenclature. The most common is the spiriferinideFlabellocyrtia flabellulumChorowicz and Termier, 1975 (Spiriferinida) accounting for more than 70% of the material. The athyridideCassianospira humboldtii(von Klipstein, 1845) is the only species known from elsewhere (Anisian of Southern Alps). The new species of SpiriferinidaThecocyrtella dagysiiHalamski, Bitner, Kaim, Kolar-Jurkovšek, and Jurkovšek n. sp. differs from other representatives of the genus in having a deep ventral sulcus.Albasphe albertimagniHalamski, Bitner, Kaim, Kolar-Jurkovšek, and Jurkovšek n. gen. n. sp. is a new brachiopod that possesses a dorsal septum with an intra-septal cavity and dorsal submarginal ridges, both features in common with AalenianZellaniaMoore, 1855 from which it differs in lack of the ventral septum and of ventral submarginal ridges. They are interpreted as members of a sparsely recorded paedomorphic evolutionary line of terebratulides with secondarily lost loop, described formally herein as Gwyniidina Halamski and Bitner n. subordo and subdivided into newly emended Dispheniidae Grant, 1988 (Dispheniinae Grant, 1988 with the only genusDispheniaand Albasphinae Halamski and Bitner n. subfam. withAlbaspheandZellania) and Gwyniidae MacKinnon, 2006 (including RecentGwyniaandSimpliciforma). In contrast to previous interpretations, the trocholophe lophophore ofGwyniais interpreted herein as secondarily simplified.
INDUCTION, DEDUCTION, AND JAMES MILL'S “GOVERNMENT”
Authors: LOIZIDES ANTIS 
Published: November 2015

In his biography of James Mill, Alexander Bain made a number of claims with regard to Mill's essay “Government” (1820). First, the essay was a catalyst in the movement for reform, making “in all probability . . . our political history very different from what it might otherwise have been.” Second, the essay provided a unique opportunity for Mill to expound on “the whole theory of Government in a compact shape.” Third, as far as his “Logic of Politics” was concerned, Mill depended on the deductive method—the method of geometry—having quickly discarded the applicability of inductive logic in politics. In this article, I take issue with the last claim.
From Fiscal Compact to Fiscal Union? New Rules for the Eurozone
Authors: Calliess Christian 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
As a consequence of the British veto a reform of the EU Treaty, with the aim to strengthen the stability of the eurozone by transferring new competences in the field of fiscal and economic policies, became impossible. Therefore an international Treaty, the so called Fiscal Compact, was concluded among 25 Member States of the EU. The contribution deals with the complex relationship between both Treaties, especially with the institutional arrangement. It argues that the Fiscal Compact is in comparison to the adopted secondary legislation, the so called Six Pack, of a rather symbolic nature. The more important is the legal link between Fiscal Compact and the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), which makes stability a precondition for European solidarity. European control of stability might interfere with the budget sovereignty of national parliaments but as stability is, since the Treaty of Maastricht, a legally binding principle of the European Monetary Union, its more efficient control is in line with former transfer of competence. Not least budget sovereignty is lost if an over-indebted Member State’s choice is just between sovereign default and financial aid by the ESM. A fully fledged European control of the national budget is therefore in the last resort legitimate.
The Court of Justice as a Labour Court
Authors: Davies ACL 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Many legal systems have specialist labour courts with jurisdiction over individual employment disputes or collective labour disputes or both. The literature identifies a number of possible justifications for the use of specialist labour courts. This chapter will engage in a critical examination of this literature in order to develop a framework for analysing the performance of courts (whether specialist or otherwise) in deciding labour law cases. We shall then apply that framework to some of the recent case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Protection Against Acts Harmful to Human Health and the Environment Adopted by the EU Institutions
Authors: de Sadeleer Nicolas , Poncelet Charles 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines whether the EU has duly implemented its obligations regarding access to justice in environmental matters. On the one hand, EU courts remain hardly accessible to individuals seeking to challenge acts harmful to human health and the environment adopted by the EU institutions. In this regard, the Lisbon amendment of the standing requirements for non-privileged applicants has not radically changed the situation. In the light of recent decisions of the General Court, it appears that the latter has as yet resorted to a restrictive interpretation of the new prerequisites laid down in Article 263(4) TFEU. On the other hand, the internal review mechanism of EU environmental measures as provided for under secondary law does not live up to its objective of enhancing legal protection. In addition to the limited scope thereof, the EU institutions have shown much reluctance to be challenged. Therefore, it may be concluded that EU citizens are not provided with effective remedies. This represents a significant issue given the essential enforcement deficit of environment law. Arguably the EU legal system scarcely complies with the letter and the spirit of the Århus Convention with respect to access to justice.
The Fight against Terrorism, Fundamental Rights and the EU Courts: The Unsolved Conundrum
Authors: Nanopoulos Eva 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Using the example of anti-terrorism measures, this chapter looks at the difficulties experienced by the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) in reconciling the conflicting demands of fundamental rights protection and public security. It shows that under the current arrangements, the CJEU cannot have regard to information which has not gone through a proper adversarial hearing, even in cases where disclosure of the relevant information will jeopardise the public interest. The chapter thus envisages the possibility for reform. It examines, in particular, the special advocate procedure and the sort of difficulties that its transposition in the EU context would give rise to.
European Fundamental Rights and the Member States: From ‘Selective’ to ‘Total’ Incorporation?
Authors: Schütze Robert 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In parallel with American constitutional thought, there exists a doctrine of incorporation in the European legal order. European fundamental rights will thus not exclusively limit the European institutions. They may—in certain situations—equally apply to the public authorities of the Member States. This chapter looks at the incorporation doctrine across the three sources of European fundamental rights. With three distinct sources of fundamental rights, the constitutional principles governing the European incorporation doctrine are unsurprisingly more complex than the American incorporation doctrine. What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the European and the American incorporation doctrine? The Union presently favours selective over total incorporation. In this respect, it emulates the American constitutional order. Yet the European doctrine nonetheless differs strikingly from the classic American doctrine. For unlike the latter, the European legal order has not made incorporation dependent on the type of fundamental right at issue. The European doctrine has, by contrast, made the incorporation of Union fundamental rights into national legal orders dependent on the type of Member State action.
Securing Trust in the Court of Justice of the EU: The Influence of the Advocates General
Authors: Albors-Llorens Albertina 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines the influence of the Advocates General in promoting trust in the work of the Court of Justice of the European Union. While it accepts that it may be difficult to quantify this influence—given the non-binding nature of the Opinions—it argues that the work of the Advocates General has an impact in securing confidence in the Court. This conclusion is supported by an examination of three possible levels of the influence exerted by the Advocates General, which are considered in the chapter in descending order of abstraction. The first and most abstract dimension of this influence is that provided by the institutional characteristics of the office of Advocate General and the role associated to it. The second dimension is the general contribution of the Opinions to the development of the case law. Finally, the chapter looks at the contribution of the Advocates General in the specific context of cases involving conflicting rights and interests and particularly in cases where fundamental human rights collide with essential Treaty objectives and freedoms—like the free movement of goods or persons—an area where trust in the work of the Court is crucial to ensure the legitimacy of the Union.
The Advocate General: Bringing Clarity to CJEU Decisions? A Case-Study of Mangold and Kücükdeveci
Authors: Ćapeta Tamara 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The question at the centre of focus in this chapter is whether the Advocate Generals’ (AGs’) Opinions contribute to the clarity of the Court’s decisions and thus increase its legitimacy. Methodologically, it analyses the cases of Mangold and Kücükdeveci and the pertaining AGs’ Opinions. It also looks at the Opinions of other AGs in other cases that commented upon either of these two judgments. It concludes that due to the lack of response by the Court to the arguments offered by its AGs, their Opinions have a very weak capacity to clarify unreasoned parts of the judgment to the general public beyond the Court. Thus the only real beneficiary of the Opinions is the academic community.
Advocate Generals’ Opinions or Separate Opinions? Judicial Engagement in the CJEU
Authors: Turenne Sophie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this article, we challenge that assumption that the Court of Justice of the European Union does not need to accommodate dissenting opinions because the necessary arguments and policy perspectives can be outlined in the AG’s Opinion. We examine the greater legitimacy that may be gained from permitting dissenting and concurring opinions in cases which involve the determination of fundamental rights before the Court. We ultimately argue that our discussion on the quality of judgments is closely related to a discussion on the selection process and criteria for membership of the Court. In the current context, however, the AG’s Opinions continue to provide a more robust field for articulating national and European norms and a larger space for interpretive innovation than the Court’s ordinary forum.
Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Variables in Women with Schizophrenia: 31-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Sanguino-Andrés Rosa , López-Villalobos José Antonio , González-Pablos Emilio , Guarido-Rivera Violeta , González-Sanguino Clara , López-Sánchez María Victoria , Vaquero-Casado Mercedes 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjective: To longitudinally analyze the course of cognitive dimensions in schizophrenic women over a period of 31 years. Method: Accidental sampling. Developmental longitudinal design. Diagnosis according to the ICD-10. Thirty institutionalized women were evaluated using the WAIS on three separate occasions (in 1981, 1997, and 2012). The data were analyzed using a repeated measures split-plot method. Results: Patients scored one to two standard deviations below the average on the WAIS. At all three evaluation times, they scored consistently, significantly worse on Performance IQ scales than on Verbal IQ in the following sequence: Processing Speed (PS) < Perceptual Organization (PO) < Working Memory (WM) < Verbal Comprehension (VC). Longitudinally, there was a significant, linear average trend that was stable between the first and second assessments, with a significant drop in scores at the third evaluation on Performance IQ (η2= .586) and Verbal IQ scales (η2= .299). The same trend was observed in PS (η2= .655) and WM (η2= .438), while PO decreased across the three evaluations (η2= .509) and no difference in VC was found (η2= .126). Conclusion: Patients with schizophrenia presented with a low cognitive level. Longitudinally, they had a stable, differential profile of WAIS factors until late life, when performance dropped significantly.
Social Skills Questionnaire for Argentinean College Students (SSQ-U) Development and Validation
Authors: Morán Valeria E. , Olaz Fabián O. , Del Prette Zilda A. P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper we present a new instrument called Social Skills Questionnaire for Argentinean College Students (SSQ-U). Based on the adapted version of the Social Skills Inventory - Del Prette (SSI-Del Prette) (Olaz, Medrano, Greco, & Del Prette, 2009), we wrote new items for the scale, and carried out psychometric analysis to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. In the first study, we collected evidence based on test content through expert judges who evaluated the quality and the relevance of the items. In the second and third studies, we provided validity evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument using exploratory (n = 1067) and confirmatory (n = 661) factor analysis. Results suggested a five-factor structure consistent with the dimensions of social skills, as proposed by Kelly (2002). The fit indexes corresponding to the obtained model were adequate, and composite reliability coefficients of each factor were excellent (above .75). Finally, in the fourth study, we provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the SSQ-U is the first valid and reliable instrument for measuring social skills in Argentinean college students.
Reverse transcriptase genes are highly abundant and transcriptionally active in marine plankton assemblages
Authors: Lescot Magali , Hingamp Pascal , Kojima Kenji K , Villar Emilie , Romac Sarah , Veluchamy Alaguraj , Boccara Martine , Jaillon Olivier , Iudicone Daniele , Bowler Chris , Wincker Patrick , Claverie Jean-Michel , Ogata Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Genes encoding reverse transcriptases (RTs) are found in most eukaryotes, often as a component of retrotransposons, as well as in retroviruses and in prokaryotic retroelements. We investigated the abundance, classification and transcriptional status of RTs based on Tara Oceans marine metagenomes and metatranscriptomes encompassing a wide organism size range. Our analyses revealed that RTs predominate large-size fraction metagenomes (&gt;5 μm), where they reached a maximum of 13.5% of the total gene abundance. Metagenomic RTs were widely distributed across the phylogeny of known RTs, but many belonged to previously uncharacterized clades. Metatranscriptomic RTs showed distinct abundance patterns across samples compared with metagenomic RTs. The relative abundances of viral and bacterial RTs among identified RT sequences were higher in metatranscriptomes than in metagenomes and these sequences were detected in all metatranscriptome size fractions. Overall, these observations suggest an active proliferation of various RT-assisted elements, which could be involved in genome evolution or adaptive processes of plankton assemblage.