bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Viewpoint Entropy for Ribbon Representation of Protein Structure
Authors: Heinrich J. , Vuong J. , Hammang C. J. , Wu A. , Rittenbruch M. , Hogan J. , Brereton M. , O'Donoghue S. I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhile many measures of viewpoint goodness have been proposed in computer graphics, none have been evaluated for ribbon representations of protein secondary structure. To fill this gap, we conducted a user study on Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform, collecting human viewpoint preferences from 65 participants for 4 representative superfamilies of protein domains. In particular, we evaluated viewpoint entropy, which was previously shown to be a good predictor for human viewpoint preference of other, mostly non‐abstract objects. In a second study, we asked 7 experts in molecular biology to find the best viewpoint of the same protein domains and compared their choices with viewpoint entropy.Our results indicate that viewpoint entropy overall is a significant predictor of human viewpoint preference for ribbon representations of protein secondary structure. However, the accuracy depends on the type and composition of the structure: while most participants agree on good viewpoints for structures with mainly beta sheets, viewpoint preference varies considerably for complex arrangements of alpha helices. Finally, experts tend to choose viewpoints of both low and high viewpoint entropy to emphasize different aspects of the respective structure.
Präklinische und klinische Validierung der kutanen Bioverfügbarkeit der hydrophilen Phase einer W/O‐Emulsion
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Richter Claudia , Stauder Susanne 
Published: July 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Interaktionen zwischen dem Stratum corneum und den einzelnen Phasen eines Emulsionssystems sind von vielen Faktoren abhängig, insbesondere aber von der äußeren, kontinuierlichen Phase des Systems. Für W/O‐Emulsionen gibt es, anders als zum Schicksal der lipophilen Phase, nur wenige Daten, die das Eindringen der wässrigen Phase in das Stratum corneum direkt untersucht haben.Patienten und MethodikVor diesem Hintergrund wurden zwei vergleichbare W/O‐Emulsionen präklinisch und klinisch an gesunder und artifiziell geschädigter Haut hinsichtlich der Interaktion der hydrophilen Phase validiert. Mittels Fluoreszenzuntersuchungen wurde die Verteilung der hydrophilen Phase nach epikutaner ­Applikation an ex vivo Humanhaut bildanalytisch quantifiziert und entsprechend der anatomischen Schichten die Verteilung analysiert. Zudem wurden in einer randomisierten, kontrollierten und Prüfer‐verblindeten Studie die Wirkeffekte der Zubereitungen auf die Barrierefunktion im zeitlichen Verlauf ermittelt.ErgebnisseDie Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass eine Substitution von Wasser durch eine W/O‐Emulsion nur bedingt durch einen Zusatz hygroskopischer Substanzen (z. B. Urea) erreicht werden kann. Die Effekte lassen sich vor allem durch okklusive Wirkungen der lipophilen Phase erklären.SchlussfolgerungenDie Anwendung von W/O‐Emulsionen ist deshalb insbesondere bei chronischen Barriereschäden zu empfehlen, da bei akut reduziertem Stratum ­corneum keine nachhaltigen Effekte zu erwarten sind.
Liver and cholestatic parameters as prognostic biomarkers of in‐hospital MACE in patients with STEMI
Authors: Huseynov Aydin , Baumann Stefan , Becher Tobias , Koepp Johanna , Lang Siegfried , Jabbour Claude , Behnes Michael , Borggrefe Martin , Akin Ibrahim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundLiver and cholestatic parameters are increased in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of these parameters to predict in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients after STEMI.Materials and methodsBlood samples of patients with STEMI, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and stent implantation, were retrospectively analysed and correlated with in‐hospital events.ResultsThe study population consisted of 847 consecutive patients (62·4 ± 13·43 years; 73·8% male). The total in‐hospital MACE rate was 9·8%, driven by death of any cause (8·4%). The Mann–Whitney U‐test revealed that liver and cholestatic parameters (alanine transaminase P < 0·0001, aspartate transaminase P < 0·0001, alkaline phosphatase (AP) P < 0·0001, gamma‐glutamyl transferase P = 0·0006 and total bilirubin P = 0·0023) were significantly higher in the MACE group. Further logistic regression analyses confirmed the correlation between MACE and all five laboratory markers, even after adjustment for age and heart enzymes. Logistic regression model revealed AP to be the best predictor for worth outcome (OR 1·0188; 95% CI 1·0118–1·0258; P < 0·0001).ConclusionLiver and cholestatic parameters are elevated in patients after STEMI. Increased AP is associated with in‐hospital event rates.
The Impact of Couple Therapy on Service Utilization among Military Veterans: The Moderating Roles of Pretreatment Service Utilization and Premature Termination
Authors: Madsen Joshua W. , Tomfohr‐Madsen Lianne M. , Doss Brian D. 
Published: July 2016

Couple therapy reduces relational and individual distress and may affect utilization of other health services, particularly among higher service utilizers. Although average decreases in service utilization are predicted among recipients of couple therapy, low utilizers of services may appropriately increase use. The relationship between couple therapy and service utilization was examined among a sample of 179 U.S. military veterans who received treatment in Veterans Affairs (VA) specialty couple therapy clinics. Consistent with hypotheses, overall mental and physical health visits decreased from the 12 months preceding couple therapy to the 12 months following treatment. Moderator analyses showed that decreases were greatest among individuals who were rated by their therapist as having completed a full course of couple therapy, suggesting that change was attributable to intervention. Pretreatment service utilization also moderated observed change—higher utilizers’ use of services decreased substantially, whereas lower utilizers’ slightly increased. Cost analyses revealed that the estimated per person mean cost in our sample decreased by $930.33 in the year following compared to the year prior to couple therapy, as per 2008VAcost data. As service utilization data were only available for one partner and only for 1 year posttherapy, the true magnitude of this effect may be underestimated. Our findings are relevant to policy makers as they demonstrate that couple therapy reduces average service utilization and associated costs and addresses calls for analyses of cost effectiveness of systemic interventions.
Changes in nociceptin/orphanin FQ levels in rat brain regions after acute and chronic cannabinoid treatment in conjunction with the development of antinociceptive tolerance
Authors: Ulugol Ahmet , Topuz Ruhan D. , Gunduz Ozgur , Kizilay Gulnur , Karadag Hakan C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt has been indicated that acute and chronic morphine administrations enhance nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) levels in the brain, which might play role in the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Accordingly, N/OFQ receptor (NOP) antagonists have been shown to prevent the development of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine. Our aim is to observe whether cannabinoids, similarly to opioids, enhance N/OFQ levels in pain‐related brain regions and whether antagonism of NOP receptors attenuates the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of cannabinoids. Hot plate and Tail flick tests are used to assess the antinociceptive response in Sprague‐Dawley rats. N/OFQ levels are measured in cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, nucleus raphe magnus and locus coeruleus of rat brains using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Within 9 days, animals became completely tolerant to the antinociceptive effect of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212‐2 (2, 4, 6 mg/kg, i.p.). Chronic administration of JTC‐801, a NOP receptor antagonist, at a dose that exerted no effect on its own (1 mg/kg, i.p.), attenuated development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of WIN 55,212‐2 (4 mg/kg, i.p.). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that N/OFQ levels significantly increased in amygdala, periaqueductal gray, nucleus raphe magnus and locus coeruleus of rat brains when WIN 55,212‐2 was combined with JTC‐801. We hypothesize that, similar to opioids, chronic cannabinoid + NOP antagonist administration may enhance N/OFQ levels and NOP receptor antagonism prevents development of tolerance to cannabinoid antinociception.
Protective effects of PF‐4708671 against N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid‐induced retinal damage in rats
Authors: Hayashi Ikumi , Aoki Yuto , Ushikubo Hiroko , Asano Daiki , Mori Asami , Sakamoto Kenji , Nakahara Tsutomu , Ishii Kunio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protects against N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA)‐induced retinal damage in rats. Rapamycin inhibits mTOR activity, thereby preventing the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, which is a downstream target of S6 kinase. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether PF‐4708671, an inhibitor of S6 kinase, protects against NMDA‐induced retinal injury. Intravitreal injection of NMDA (200 nmol/eye) caused cell loss in the ganglion cell layer and neuroinflammatory responses, such as an increase in the number of CD45‐positive leukocytes and Iba1‐positive microglia. Surprisingly, simultaneous injection of PF‐4708671 (50 nmol/eye) with NMDA significantly attenuated these responses without affecting phosphorylated S6 levels. These results suggest that PF‐4708671 and rapamycin likely protect against NMDA‐induced retinal damage via distinct pathways. The neuroprotective effect of PF‐4708671 is unlikely to be associated with inhibition of the S6 kinase, even though PF‐4708671 is reported to be a S6 kinase inhibitor.
Propofol attenuates high glucose‐induced superoxide anion accumulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Wang Jiaqiang , Jiang Hui , Wang Jing , Zhao Yanjun , Zhu Yun , Zhu Minmin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPerioperative hyperglycemia is a common clinical metabolic disorder. Hyperglycemia could induce endothelial apoptosis, dysfunction, and inflammation, resulting in endothelial injury. Propofol is a widely used anesthetic drug in clinical settings. Our previous studies indicated that propofol attenuated high glucose‐induced endothelial apoptosis, dysfunction, and inflammation via inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, the mechanisms by which propofol reduces high glucose‐induced endothelial ROS accumulation are still obscure. In this study, we examined how propofol attenuates high glucose‐induced endothelial ROS accumulation. Compared with 5 mm glucose treatment, 15 mm glucose upregulated the expression of pin‐1, phosphatase A2 (PP2A), p66shc and mitochondrial p66shc expression, increased p66shc‐Ser36 phosphorylation, and accumulation. More importantly, although propofol had no effect on 15 mm glucose‐induced p66shc‐Ser36 phosphorylation and pin‐1 expression, propofol could downregulated PP2A expression and p66shc expression in whole‐cell and mitochondrion, resulting in the reduction of accumulation. Moreover, we demonstrated that the antioxidative effect of propofol was similar to that of calyculin A, an inhibitor of PP2A. In contrast, FTY720, an activator of PP2A, antagonized the effect of propofol. Our data indicated that the antioxidative effect of propofol was achieved by downregulating PP2A expression, resulting in the inhibition of p66shc‐Ser36 dephosphorylation and mitochondrial p66shc expression.
Climate change impacts and adaptive strategies: lessons from the grapevine
Authors: Mosedale Jonathan R. , Abernethy Kirsten E. , Smart Richard E. , Wilson Robert J. , Maclean Ilya M. D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe cultivation of grapevines for winemaking, known as viticulture, is widely cited as a climate‐sensitive agricultural system that has been used as an indicator of both historic and contemporary climate change. Numerous studies have questioned the viability of major viticulture regions under future climate projections. We review the methods used to study the impacts of climate change on viticulture in the light of what is known about the effects of climate and weather on the yields and quality of vineyard harvests. Many potential impacts of climate change on viticulture, particularly those associated with a change in climate variability or seasonal weather patterns, are rarely captured. Key biophysical characteristics of viticulture are often unaccounted for, including the variability of grapevine phenology and the exploitation of microclimatic niches that permit successful cultivation under suboptimal macroclimatic conditions. We consider how these same biophysical characteristics permit a variety of strategies by which viticulture can adapt to changing climatic conditions. The ability to realize these strategies, however, is affected by uneven exposure to risks across the winemaking sector, and the evolving capacity for decision‐making within and across organizational boundaries. The role grape provenance plays in shaping perceptions of wine value and quality illustrates how conflicts of interest influence decisions about adaptive strategies within the industry. We conclude by considering what lessons can be taken from viticulture for studies of climate change impacts and the capacity for adaptation in other agricultural and natural systems.
Savanna woody encroachment is widespread across three continents
Authors: Stevens Nicola , Lehmann Caroline E. R. , Murphy Brett P. , Durigan Giselda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTropical savannas are a globally extensive biome prone to rapid vegetation change in response to changing environmental conditions. Via a meta‐analysis, we quantified savanna woody vegetation change spanning the last century. We found a global trend of woody encroachment that was established prior the 1980s. However, there is critical regional variation in the magnitude of encroachment. Woody cover is increasing most rapidly in the remaining uncleared savannas of South America, most likely due to fire suppression and land fragmentation. In contrast, Australia has experienced low rates of encroachment. When accounting for land use, African savannas have a mean rate annual woody cover increase two and a half times that of Australian savannas. In Africa, encroachment occurs across multiple land uses and is accelerating over time. In Africa and Australia, rising atmospheric CO2, changing land management and rainfall are likely causes. We argue that the functional traits of each woody flora, specifically the N‐fixing ability and architecture of woody plants, are critical to predicting encroachment over the next century and that African savannas are at high risk of widespread vegetation change.
Effects of repetitive photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green for acne vulgaris
Authors: Seo Hyun‐Min , Min Hyung‐Geun , Kim Hee‐Joong , Shin Jong‐Hun , Nam Sang‐Ho , Han Kwang‐Soo , Ryu Joung‐Ho , Oh Jeong‐Joon , Kim Ji Young , Lee Kwang‐Joon , Lee Seung Jae , Kim Han‐Saem , Kim Jung‐In , Song Min‐Kyu , Kim Won‐Serk 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundIndocyanine green (ICG) is a photosensitizer recently introduced for the treatment of acne.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using ICG in subjects with acne vulgaris and to evaluate whether there was a difference in the efficacy of ICG‐PDT between different numbers of treatment.Materials and methodsSubjects with acne on the face were included. ICG lotion (0.1%) was applied for 30 minutes, and a long pulse diode laser was used. Three or five treatments per subject were performed over 2 weeks. Acne lesion counts and Leeds revised acne grades were evaluated at baseline and 2 weeks after the last treatment.ResultsIn total, 47 subjects completed the study. After both three and five ICG‐PDT sessions, a significant reduction in acne lesions and significant improvement in Leeds revised acne grades were found in all treated subjects compared to baseline. In the subjects receiving five ICG‐PDT sessions, the reduction of papules/pustules was greater than in the subjects receiving three ICG‐PDT sessions (P < 0.01, respectively). However, there was no significant change in the count of nodules/cysts, although it is a negative trend (P = 0.066). Adverse effects were minimal.ConclusionICG‐PDT using long‐pulsed diode laser can be a safe and effective tool for acne vulgaris. Moreover, repetitive treatments of five can cause further improvement of inflammatory acne lesions.
Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha–Habermann disease in an 8‐year‐old boy responding to methotrexate
Authors: Alratrout Jehad , Alshammasi Fatima , Ansari Naseem 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundFebrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease (FUMHD) is a rare fulminant variant of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) characterized by a rapidly progressive course with predominant ulceronecrotic lesions associated with fever and systemic manifestations. First described by Degos in 1966, it carries a high morbidity and is potentially fatal. The exact pathogenesis is not clear, but it is proposed to be the result of hypersensitivity reaction to an infection.MethodsHere we report the case of an 8‐year‐old boy with FUMHD in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia.ResultsThe patient presented with pyrexia, fatigue, arthralgia, and worsening of his already existing skin lesions of PLEVA. There was an extensive painful erythematous maculopapular rash, some lesions ulcerated and necrotic, involving the face, trunk, limbs, and flexures. A diagnosis of FUMHD was made based on clinical and histological features. The skin lesions responded extremely well to oral methotrexate, with almost complete healing after 4 weeks.ConclusionsWe describe a rare variant of PLEVA, namely FUMHD, in an 8‐year‐old boy who showed a remarkably favorable response to methotrexate, as manifested by near total clearance of the skin lesions without scarring or hyperpigmentation.
Outbreak of hirame rhabdovirus infection in cultured spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus on the western coast of Korea
Authors: Seo H‐G , Do J W , Jung S H , Han H‐J 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this study, we determined the cause of a disease outbreak in spotted sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus reared in culture cages on the western coast of Korea in 2013. The major signs in the diseased fish exhibited were haemorrhaging on the membranes of the abdomen, gastrointestinal organs and opercular gills, as well as an enlarged spleen. No external morphological signs of infection were visible, except for a darkening in colour. No parasites or pathological bacteria were isolated from the diseased fish; however, epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells inoculated with tissue homogenates from the diseased fish showed cytopathic effects (CPEs). Virus particles in the EPC cells were bullet‐shaped, 185–225 nm long and 70–80 nm wide, characteristic of Rhabdoviridae. Polymerase chain reaction analyses of homogenized tissues from the diseased fish and supernatants of cell cultures with CPEs indicated specific, 553‐bp‐long fragments corresponding to the matrix protein gene of the hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV). Phylogenetically, the HIRRV phosphoprotein gene of spotted sea bass was more closely related to phosphoproteins from Chinese and Polish HIRRV strains than from other Korean strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HIRRV infection in cultured spotted sea bass.
Depigmentation during vitiligo activity spares epithelial grafted areas
Authors: Awad Sherif Shoukry 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundVitiligo is a depigmenting disease characterized by episodes of stability and activity without a fixed sequence, and active phases demonstrate immune attacks toward vulnerable melanocytes. Epithelial grafts were introduced to treat recalcitrant vitiligo patches aiming to provide new generations of melanocytes.AimsThe aim of study was to evaluate the possible permanency of succeeded epithelial grafts during a coming activity episode.MethodsThis study included 20 nonsegmental vitiligo cases. They were epithelial grafted, success was maintained with the use of UV sessions for a year, and further follow‐up was allowed until new phases of activity developed.ResultsThe grafted areas, in all cases, were spared during the activity episodes in spite of the development of new depigmented lesions in other parts of skin neighboring the grafted areas or in remote sites.ConclusionThe permanency of epithelial grafts in spite of disease reactivity is a good sign and magnifies the value of surgical approaches in management of vitiligo. New genetically different melanocytes should have been provided and were able to resist the new immune attacks in spite of the yielding of other skin melanocytes.
The Material Turn in the History of Life Science
Authors: Guerrini Anita 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe “material turn” or the history of things has become a prominent focus in the history of life science of the long eighteenth century. The reassessment of eighteenth‐century science since the 1990s has given particular prominence to medicine and the life sciences. Eighteenth‐century anatomists and naturalists studied, collected, imitated, and represented many kinds of natural things, from the human body to trees. This article considers a variety of new approaches to material culture, museums, and collecting among historians of science since 2000, focusing on natural history and anatomy. The historiography of objects invokes a sensory history of seeing and touching, and a global history of movement across time, place, and culture.
Accuracy of elastography point quantification and steatosis influence on assessing liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Conti Fabio , Serra Carla , Vukotic Ranka , Fiorini Erica , Felicani Cristina , Mazzotta Elena , D'Errico Antonietta , Verucchi Gabriella , Lenzi Marco , Andreone Pietro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsElastography point quantification is a novel non‐invasive method for the assessment of liver fibrosis by measuring liver stiffness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of elastography point quantification for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and to assess impact of steatosis on liver stiffness measurement, in a cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis C.MethodsIn this single‐centre cross‐sectional study, 211 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C, scheduled for liver biopsy, were examined with the elastography point quantification technology. On the same day, all patients underwent clinical examination, laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasound.ResultsThe best cut‐offs of liver stiffness measurement were 6.16 kPa for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (≥S3) and 6.79 kPa for advanced fibrosis (≥S4). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.831 (CI: 0.773–0.880) for significant fibrosis, and 0.954 (CI: 0.916–0.978) for advanced fibrosis. Among patients within the same fibrosis stages (S0–S2 and S3–S6; S0–S3 and S4–S6), mean liver stiffness measurement values were similar in patients with steatosis (≥10% at liver biopsy or detected by ultrasound) compared to those without. Discordance between elastography point quantification and histology were affected by the presence of BMI>30 kg/m2 (P=.047, CI: 0.136–0.988 and P=.020, CI: 0.083–0.812 respectively).ConclusionsIn patients with chronic hepatitis C, elastography point quantification is an accurate non‐invasive method for the diagnosis of significant and advanced fibrosis. The presence of obesity is a risk factor for misclassification of significant and advanced liver fibrosis.