bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Climate Modeling of Vegetation Feedbacks on the Asian–Australian Monsoon Systems
Authors: Notaro Michael , Chen Guangshan , Yu Yan , Wang Fuyao , Tawfik Ahmed 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This study explores the hypothesis that subtropical and tropical monsoon regions exhibit unique responses to vegetation feedbacks. Using the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), M. Notaro et al. concluded that reduced vegetation cover led to an earlier subtropical Chinese monsoon and a delayed, weaker tropical Australian monsoon, yet significant climate and leaf area index (LAI) biases obfuscated the hypothesis’s reliability. To address these concerns, the Regional Climate Model, version 4 (RegCM4), likewise coupled to the Community Land Model but with “observed” LAI boundary conditions, is applied across China and Australia. The model matches the observed dominance of crops, grass, and evergreen trees in southern China and grass and shrubs in northern Australia. The optimal model configuration is determined and applied in control runs for 1960–2013. Monsoon region LAI is modified in a RegCM4 ensemble, aimed at contrasting vegetation feedbacks between tropical and subtropical regions. Greater LAI supports reductions in albedo, temperature, wind speed, boundary layer height, ascending motion, and midlevel clouds and increases in diurnal temperature range (DTR), wind stress, evapotranspiration (ET), specific humidity, and low clouds. In response to greater LAI, rainfall is enhanced during Australia’s pre-to-midmonsoon season but not for China. Modified LAI leads to dramatic changes in the temporal distribution and intensity of Australian rain events. Heterogeneous responses to biophysical feedbacks include amplified impacts (e.g., increased ET and DTR) across China’s croplands and Australia’s shrublands. Inconsistencies between China’s monsoonal responses in the present RegCM4 study and prior CCSM study of M. Notaro et al. are attributed to CCSM’s excessive forest cover and LAI, exaggerated roughness mechanism, and deficient ET response.
Internal Tide Convergence and Mixing in a Submarine Canyon
Authors: Waterhouse Amy F. , Mackinnon Jennifer A. , Musgrave Ruth C. , Kelly Samuel M. , Pickering Andy , Nash Jonathan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObservations from Eel Canyon, located on the north coast of California, show that elevated turbulence in the full water column arises from the convergence of remotely generated internal wave energy. The incoming semidiurnal and bottom-trapped diurnal internal tides generate complex interference patterns. The semidiurnal internal tide sets up a partly standing wave within the canyon due to reflection at the canyon head, dissipating all of its energy within the canyon. Dissipation in the near bottom is associated with the diurnal trapped tide, while midwater isopycnal shear and strain is associated with the semidiurnal tide. Dissipation is elevated up to 600 m off the bottom, in contrast to observations over the flat continental shelf where dissipation occurs closer to the topography. Slope canyons are sinks for internal wave energy and may have important influences on the global distribution of tidally driven mixing.
Sticks, Stones, and Stigma: Student Bystander Behavior in Response to Hearing the Word “Retard”
Authors: Albert Avery B. , Jacobs Holly E. , Siperstein Gary N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe present study explored the prevalence of the r-word in schools and students' bystander behavior in response to hearing the word. In total, 2,297 students from 12 high schools across the country participated in this study. Results revealed the r-word was used frequently among high school students, most often toward individuals without intellectual disability (ID). Students were more likely to take an active bystander role when hearing the r-word used toward students with ID than when hearing it used toward students without ID. Students' gender and prosocialness also played a role in determining their bystander behavior in response to the r-word. This study has implications for reducing the use of the r-word and the stigma associated with ID.
Pendeteksian Gerakan Menggunakan Transduser Ultrasound dengan Metoda Pembandingan Pola Gema
Authors: Prajitno Dicky Rianto , Ramdan Ade 
Published: November 2016

Pada tulisan ini kami mengusulkan metoda pendeteksi gerakan. Pendeteksian dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan dua buah pola gema dalam interval waktu tertentu dan jeda antara pola gema. Perbedaan pola gema menunjukkan terjadinya gerakan dari benda-benda di area deteksi sensor. Dengan metoda pembandingan ini, sensor menjadi sensitif terhadap gerakan atau perubahan posisi setiap objek yang berada disekitarnya. Hasil yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa sensor ini secara khusus lebih sensitif dibandingkan sensor PIR dalam mendeteksi gerakan-gerakan kecil. Pada prakteknya metoda ini telah mampu mendeteksi beberapa gerakan tubuh manusia seperti: dari mulai berjalan; duduk; berbicara; hingga gerak respirasi tubuh.
PINÓQUIO E A LEI
Authors: Trindade André Karam , Karam Henriete 
Published: November 2016

O artigo, que se inscreve no campo dos estudos de Direitona Literatura, é dedicado à obra As aventuras de Pinóquio,de C. Collodi. Partindo do exame das peculiaridades da literaturainfantil e da fortuna crítica, especialmente as leituras propostas dematiz histórico-político-social, busca-se abordar o processo de humanização do protagonista como condição para a sua submissãoà lei e sua adesão ao pacto social, privilegiando, mediante a análisedos elementos figurativos relacionados aos confrontos de Pinóquiocom a Lei, as representações da administração da justiça e, porconsequência, problematizando o caráter meramente coercitivo dodireito, de modo a questionar a sua eficácia normativa.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O TRATAMENTO JURÍDICO DA OBSOLESCÊNCIA PROGRAMADA NO BRASIL: IMPLICAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS E CONSUMERISTAS
Authors: Efing Antônio Carlos , Cavalcante Soares Alexandre Araújo , De Paiva Leonardo Lindroth 
Published: November 2016

O presente artigo busca discutir a prática da obsolescênciaprogramada empreendida por agentes econômicos, aqual se converte em uma das características da sociedade de consumocontemporânea, porém com implicações indesejáveis doponto de vista social e ambiental. Em específico, o estudo temcomo objetivo discutir, a partir das legislações ambientais e consumeristas, o enfrentamento jurídico do problema que tal práticaincorre. Nesse sentido, avalia-se uma confluência entre os institutos,suscitando uma revisão do direito à informação, com vista apromover os ideais da sustentabilidade a partir do consumo consciente.Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa pretende revisar adoutrina que embasa o tema e analisar a jurisprudência atinente.Finalmente, evidenciam-se a adequação e a relevância do direitoà informação no tema da obsolescência programada, a partir dainclusão de informações ambientais pertinentes no rol de diretosdo consumidor, e a devida adequação da garantia contratual àdurabilidade dos produtos e serviços.
Effect Estimation in Point-Exposure Studies with Binary Outcomes and High-Dimensional Covariate Data – A Comparison of Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting
Authors: Pang Menglan , Schuster Tibor , Filion Kristian B. , Schnitzer Mireille E. , Eberg Maria , Platt Robert W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInverse probability of treatment weighting (IPW) and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) are relatively new methods proposed for estimating marginal causal effects. TMLE is doubly robust, yielding consistent estimators even under misspecification of either the treatment or the outcome model. While IPW methods are known to be sensitive to near violations of the practical positivity assumption (e. g., in the case of data sparsity), the consequences of this violation in the TMLE framework for binary outcomes have been less widely investigated. As near practical positivity violations are particularly likely in high-dimensional covariate settings, a better understanding of the performance of TMLE is of particular interest for pharmcoepidemiological studies using large databases. Using plasmode and Monte-Carlo simulation studies, we evaluated the performance of TMLE compared to that of IPW estimators based on a point-exposure cohort study of the marginal causal effect of post-myocardial infarction statin use on the 1-year risk of all-cause mortality from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. A variety of treatment model specifications were considered, inducing different degrees of near practical non-positivity. Our simulation study showed that the performance of the TMLE and IPW estimators were comparable when the dimension of the fitted treatment model was small to moderate; however, they differed when a large number of covariates was considered. When a rich outcome model was included in the TMLE, estimators were unbiased. In some cases, we found irregular bias and large standard errors with both methods even with a correctly specified high-dimensional treatment model. The IPW estimator showed a slightly better root MSE with high-dimensional treatment model specifications in our simulation setting. In conclusion, for estimation of the marginal expectation of the outcome under a fixed treatment, TMLE and IPW estimators employing the same treatment model specification may perform differently due to differential sensitivity to practical positivity violations; however, TMLE, being doubly robust, shows improved performance with richer specifications of the outcome model. Although TMLE is appealing for its double robustness property, such violations in a high-dimensional covariate setting are problematic for both methods.
Double-Valued Neutrosophic Sets, their Minimum Spanning Trees, and Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Kandasamy Ilanthenral 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNeutrosophy (neutrosophic logic) is used to represent uncertain, indeterminate, and inconsistent information available in the real world. This article proposes a method to provide more sensitivity and precision to indeterminacy, by classifying the indeterminate concept/value into two based on membership: one as indeterminacy leaning towards truth membership and the other as indeterminacy leaning towards false membership. This paper introduces a modified form of a neutrosophic set, called Double-Valued Neutrosophic Set (DVNS), which has these two distinct indeterminate values. Its related properties and axioms are defined and illustrated in this paper. An important role is played by clustering in several fields of research in the form of data mining, pattern recognition, and machine learning. DVNS is better equipped at dealing with indeterminate and inconsistent information, with more accuracy, than the Single-Valued Neutrosophic Set, which fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets are incapable of. A generalised distance measure between DVNSs and the related distance matrix is defined, based on which a clustering algorithm is constructed. This article proposes a Double-Valued Neutrosophic Minimum Spanning Tree (DVN-MST) clustering algorithm, to cluster the data represented by double-valued neutrosophic information. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the applications and effectiveness of this clustering algorithm. A comparative study of the DVN-MST clustering algorithm with other clustering algorithms like Single-Valued Neutrosophic Minimum Spanning Tree, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Minimum Spanning Tree, and Fuzzy Minimum Spanning Tree is carried out.
Celiac Disease in The Netherlands: Demographic Data of Members of the Dutch Celiac Society
Authors: Van Gils Tom , Rootsaert Bianca , Bouma Gerd , Mulder Chris J.J. 
Published: November 2016

Background & Aims: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease induced by the intake of gluten with a female to male ratio of 2-4:1. Female predominance has not been recognized in serological mass screening studies. Limited data are available on gender and age distribution in the daily clinical practice of celiac disease. The aim of this study is to describe differences in gender and age at the time of celiac disease diagnosis in the Netherlands.
Methods: Data was obtained from a prospectively maintained database of members of the Dutch Celiac Society in whom celiac disease was diagnosed between 1980 and August 2015. Design: retrospective database study; Setting: database of members of the Dutch Celiac Society; Participants: out of the total number of 26,986 current and ex-members, the data of 7,886 members could be used for analysis.
Results: Age at celiac disease diagnosis ranged between 0 and 88 years; the minority (36%) were diagnosed in childhood. In children, the majority (52%) were diagnosed before the age of 4 years. Median age did not differ in children when compared for gender (3 years). In adults, median age differed between males (52 years, IQR 41-61) and females (44 years, IQR 32-56), p<0.001. Female to male ratio was 2.4:1.
Conclusion. The majority of celiac disease patients are diagnosed during adulthood, with males diagnosed at an older age. Only one-third of the patients were diagnosed at childhood. Celiac disease is less frequently diagnosed in young adult males. .
Abbreviations: CBS: Statistics Netherlands; CD: celiac disease; GFD: gluten-free diet; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; IQR: interquartile range.
A Triple Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vancomycin in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: a Pilot Study
Authors: Rahimpour Shahab , Nasiri-Toosi Mohsen , Khalili Hossein , Daryani Nasser Ebrahimi , Taromlou Mohammad Kazem Nouri , Azizi Zahra 
Published: November 2016

Background & Aim: Recent studies have suggested the therapeutic effect of antimicrobial agents on primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral vancomycin in patients with PSC.
Method: A triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 29 patients (2015-2016) in the Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran (NCT02605213). Patients were divided into two groups by simple randomization method: placebo 11 (37.9%)/vancomycin 18 (62.1%) and were treated with oral vancomycin (125 mg, four times a day) for 12 weeks. All patients in both groups simultaneously underwent treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 300 mg, three times a day) before and during the study. Patients’ laboratory data and clinical symptoms were recorded at the beginning, first and third month after starting treatment, and the response to treatment was analyzed.
Results: 29 patients with a mean age of 36.27±10.60 years were included in the study. Primary endpoints were accomplished in the vancomycin group showing a significant decline in the mean level of PSC Mayo risk score (decrease rate 3rd month – baseline = -322.03%, p=0.026) during follow up time. Moreover, the analysis of the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the vancomycin group showed a significant decrease in the third month of treatment as compared to its level in the first month (mean difference 3rd month -1st month = -142.92, Decrease rate= -18.24%, p=0.02). Among secondary endpoints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p=0.005), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (p=0.02) and patients’ symptoms including fatigue, pruritus, diarrhea and anorexia showed a significant decrease in the vancomycin group.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated an acceptable efficacy of vancomycin in the treatment of PSC.
Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index ; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FIS-P: Fatigue Impact Scale- Persian; IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease; LSD: Least significant difference; PSC: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis; RCT: Randomized, Controlled Trial; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale.
A Case of Serous Cystadenoma Communicating with a Stenotic Santorini’s Duct and a Dilated Main Pancreatic Duct
Authors: Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Oka Yurika , Ito Takaaki , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Sasaki Keiko , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2016

A 59-year-old woman was referred for investigation of a pancreatic cystic lesion. Computed tomography revealed a well-demarcated, multilocular cyst, approximately 4 cm in size, at the pancreas head. Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated honeycomb-like components at the cyst margin. The cyst was associated with a widely-dilated upstream main pancreatic duct (MPD). Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography demonstrated a communication between the stenotic Santorini‘s duct and the cyst. Aspiration cytology from the cyst demonstrated clusters of mucinous epithelial neoplasm cells. Branch-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, possibly invading to the MPD, was suspected and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Surprisingly, pathology of the resected pancreas showed mixed-type serous cystadenoma.
Abbreviations: CA19-9: cancer antigen 19-9; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; ERC: endoscopic retrograde cholangiography; ENPD: endoscopic naso-pancreatic drainage ; ERP: endoscopic retrograde pancreatography; EUS: endoscopic ultrasonography; NET: neuroendocrine tumor; FNA: fine needle aspiration; IPMN: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; MRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; MPD: main pancreatic duct; SCA: serous cystic neoplasms.
The Impact of Hypoxaemia on the Outcome in Liver Cirrhosis Andrei
Authors: Voiosu Andrei Mihai , Voiosu Theodor Alexandru , Smarandache Bianca , Rădoi Aurelia , Mateescu Radu Bogdan , Băicuş Cristian Răsvan , Voiosu Mihail Radu , Diculescu Mihai Mircea 
Published: November 2016

Background & Aims: Prognostic factors for poor evolution are critical in the setting of limited access to liver transplantation for patients with cirrhosis. We aimed to investigate the impact of hypoxaemia on the outcome in cirrhosis and the evolution of arterial oxygen tension during long-term follow-up in these patients.
Methods: Consecutive cirrhotic patients were prospectively enroled and followed-up in our tertiary referral center. Clinical features, biological tests, arterial blood gases, NT-proBNP levels, pulse oximetry measurements, 12-lead ECG, and transthoracic contrast echocardiography were documented on enrolment. The main outcomes were death and decompensation due to liver disease.
Results: 87 cirrhotic patients were included in the analysis and followed-up for a mean of 16 months. At enrolment, 27 (31%) patients were hypoxaemic, 19 had hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), but only 6 of those who were sampled at follow-up had persistent hypoxaemia. During the study period, 22 patients died of liver-related complications. Nine of them (41%) were hypoxaemic on enrolment but none had severe hypoxaemia. Hypoxaemia present at enrollment was not a risk factor for death (p=0.29) or decompensation of liver disease (p=0.7). A higher MELD score at baseline or increase during follow-up was a risk factor for death (p=0.02) and correlated with the presence of hypoxaemia. Normalization of the arterial oxygen levels was accompanied by a significant decrease in NT-proBNP (83 pg/ml vs 0 pg/mL, p=0.023).
Conclusion: Mild and moderate hypoxaemia was frequent in our patients but was not associated with adverse outcome in cirrhosis. Repeated arterial blood gas sampling is advisable, especially in patients diagnosed with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Abbreviations: AaO2: alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient; IPVDs: intrapulmonary vascular dilations; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HPS: hepatopulmonary syndrome; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; NT-proBNP: aminoterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide tension; PaO2: arterial oxygen tension.
Helping Children and Families Deal With Divorce and Separation
Authors: Cohen George J. , Weitzman Carol C. ,   COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH,   SECTION ON DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS, Yogman Michael , Gambon Thresia B. , Lavin Arthur , Mattson Gerri , Rafferty Jason Richard , Wissow Lawrence Sagin , Blum Nathan J. , Macias Michelle M. , Bauer Nerissa S. , Bridgemohan Carolyn , Goldson Edward , McGuinn Laura J. 
Published: November 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed June 2022.
For the past several years in the United States, there have been more than 800 000 divorces and parent separations annually, with over 1 million children affected. Children and their parents can experience emotional trauma before, during, and after a separation or divorce. Pediatricians can be aware of their patients’ behavior and parental attitudes and behaviors that may indicate family dysfunction and that can indicate need for intervention. Age-appropriate explanation and counseling for the child and advice and guidance for the parents, as well as recommendation of reading material, may help reduce the potential negative effects of divorce. Often, referral to professionals with expertise in the social, emotional, and legal aspects of the separation and its aftermath may be helpful for these families.
Out-of-Home Placement for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities—Addendum: Care Options for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities and Medical Complexity
Authors: Friedman Sandra L. , Norwood Kenneth W. ,   COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, Norwood Kenneth W. , Adams Richard C. , Brei Timothy J. , Davidson Lynn F. , Davis Beth Ellen , Friedman Sandra L. , Houtrow Amy J. , Hyman Susan L. , Kuo Dennis Z. , Noritz Garey H. , Yin Larry , Murphy Nancy A. , Kalichman Miriam 
Published: November 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed February 2019 and November 2024.
Children and adolescents with significant intellectual and developmental disabilities and complex medical problems require safe and comprehensive care to meet their medical and psychosocial needs. Ideally, such children and youth should be cared for by their families in their home environments. When this type of arrangement is not possible, there should be exploration of appropriate, alternative noncongregate community-based settings, especially alternative family homes. Government funding sources exist to support care in the community, although there is variability among states with regard to the availability of community programs and resources. It is important that families are supported in learning about options of care. Pediatricians can serve as advocates for their patients and their families to access community-based services and to increase the availability of resources to ensure that the option to live in a family home is available to all children with complex medical needs.
Vínculo na balança: a relação mãe-filho influenciando o tratamento da obesidade infantil
Authors: Da Silveira Tatiane Britto , Ramos Camila Irigonhé , Azevedo Priscila Wittemberg 
Published: November 2016

Introdução: A obesidade vem sendo alvo crescente de estudos em todo o mundo, principalmente no que trata sobre a obesidade infantil.Objetivos: Contribuir para uma melhor compreensão a respeito do vínculo entre mãe e filho na adesão ao tratamento da obesidade infantil.Materiais e Métodos: Foram entrevistadas sete mães de crianças obesas, todas usuárias do Ambulatório de Nutrição, localizado no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o material foi submetido a análise de conteúdo.Resultados: Após análise e categorização dos dados provenientes das entrevistas foram identificados três eixos temáticos, a saber: 1) cuidados com a riança; 2) trajetória dos vínculos e 3) dificuldade de a mãe perceber o peso da criança. Esses eixos nortearam a discussão sobre a atenção à saúde da criança com excesso de peso neste estudo. Foi demonstrado que a ligação materna influencia negativamente sobre a adesão, já que não há uma única forma de estabelecer essa relação. Pode ser visto que, embora não haja uma única forma de estabelecer o vínculo materno, teve uma influência negativa sobre a adesão ao tratamento.Conclusão: No final do estudo, pode-se perceber que o vínculo materno influencia na adesão ao tratamento, mas, não há uma maneira simples para estabelecer esta ligação, por conseguinte, não há um tratamento mais eficiente ou mais correto, este dependerá de cada paciente e como mãe e filho interagem diante de situações.