bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O ABORTO: UM RESGATE HISTÓRICO E OUTROS DADOS
Authors: Schor Néia , Alvarenga Augusta T. de 
Published: March 2017

Preocupados com os resultados recentes de pesquisas brasileiras sobre complicações após aborto, que indicam um crescente aumento no número desses eventos, além de registrarem uma alta incidência dos mesmos entre adolescentes, os autores propõem-se a analisar, neste trabalho, a prática do aborto sob uma Ética histórica, como um subsídio para se “repensar”a questão em futuras políticas de saúde no Brasil. Apresentam, para tanto, enfoques médicos, religiosos, políticos, legais, sociais, económicos e culturais sobre a questão do aborto, esposados pelos povos, desde as antigas civilizações, orientais e ocidentais, até os dias de hoje - todos eminentemente ditados por fatores econômicos, dependentes, obviamente, da facção que estivesse no poder em determinado contexto histórico. Éapresentada, também, a legislação brasileira sobre o assunto.
INFÂNCIA E ADOLESCÊNCIA DE EXECUTIVOS NEGROS: UM ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO
Authors: Santana Ivo De , Camargo Climene Laura de 
Published: March 2017

Este artigo aborda situações vivenciadas na infância e adolescência por executivos negros de organizações bancárias com sede em Salvador (BA). Busca-se as intercorrências desse periodo de vida relacionadas à trajetória de ascensão social dos executivos estudados. Na apreensão da realidade desses sujeitos, utilizou-se o método de estudo de caso e a técnica de história de vida. O resultado da pesquisa revela que todos esses executivos vivenciarain infâncias e adolescência em familias de baixa renda, onde seus pais foram os principais incentivadores na busca da ascensão social, via qualificação educacional. A discriminação racial destacou-se como o mais vigoroso obstáculo na carreira, sendo enfrentada com estratégias individuais e específicas, norteadas pela “busca de ser o melhor, para ser aceito como igual”. O estudo demonstra a forma desigual com que os negros se inserem no processo de ascensão social e a pequena quantidade destes indivíduos, que consegue atingir postos expoentes nas organizações. Uma trajetória marcada pela adoção de comportamentos que os distanciam do seu referencial étnico, onde vão eliminando propositadamente de suas vidas os valores culturais negros, elegendo o branco como modelo de identidade.
OS SIGNIFICADOS DAS CRIANÇAS INDÍGENAS BRASILEIRAS (SÉCULOS XVI E XVII)
Authors: Chaves Antonio Marcos 
Published: March 2017

A partir da análise de cartas jesuítas, documentos históricos e crónicas de viajantes estrangeiros, referentes aos séculos XVI e XVII, identificaram-se diferentes significados para as crianças indígenas brasileiras. Verificou-se, a partir dos relatos, que a criança indígena brasileira era bem cuidada pelos membros da sua tribo, treinando-a para que se tomasse um adultoigual àqueles pertencentes à sua cultura tribal. As crianças das tribos inimigas não eram consideradas crianças, mas inimigos que deveriam ser mortos e devorados. Os jesuítas concebiam as crianças como tendo particularidades, ou seja, especificidades que as tomavam mais maleáveis que os adultos. Reconheciam que estavam em período de desenvolvimento, no qual a forrna,cão do futuro adulto deveria ser moldada. Havia, entre eles, portanto, um sentimento de infancia, apesar de pouco claro. O colonizador português (não jesuíta) via a criança indígena como escravas em potencial.
Comparative Study of Unilateral Recession Resection Versus Bilateral Recession in Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Jain Charu , Kushwaha Vibhore , Bhumbla Shayana , Malik K.P.S. , Malik V. K. , Bowry Rohan 
Published: March 2017

Aim:
To compare the surgical outcome of unilateral recession resection versus bilateral recession in intermittent exotropia.

Material & Method:
This was a prospective randomized control study that included 40 patients of intermittent exotropia attending outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut. Age matched randomization of patients was done in two groups of 20 each. Patients in group A underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection while those in group B underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession. Surgery was performed by a single surgeon and the amount of muscle recession or resection was decided on the basis of the degree of deviation. Patients were evaluated at 1st postoperative day, 1week, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. The postoperative outcome was considered satisfactory if there was esophoria < 10 PD, orthotropia or exophoria < 10 PD. Data was analysed by SPSS version 21.

Results:
At the end of 12 weeks, 85% of patients in group A and 80% of patients in group B were within 5 PD of orthotropia. There was no statistically significant difference in the surgical outcome between the two groups (p value = 0.505). One patient in group A had > 10 PD esophoria and one patient in group B had > 10 PD exophoria.

Conclusions:
Therefore, unilateral recession resection and bilateral recession are equally effective in the treatment of intermittent exotropia.
Nitric oxide nightglow and Martian mesospheric circulation from MAVEN/IUVS observations and LMD‐MGCM predictions
Authors: Stiepen A. , Jain S. K. , Schneider N. M. , Deighan J. I. , González‐Galindo F. , Gérard J.‐C. , Milby Z. , Stevens M. H. , Bougher S. , Evans J. S. , Stewart A. I. F. , Chaffin M. S. , Crismani M. , McClintock W. E. , Clarke J. T. , Holsclaw G. M. , Montmessin F. , Lefèvre F. , Forget F. , Lo D. Y. , Hubert B. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe report results from a study of nitric oxide nightglow over the northern hemisphere of Mars during winter, the southern hemisphere during fall equinox, and equatorial latitudes during summer in the northern hemisphere based on observations of the δ and γ bands between 190 and 270 nm by the Imaging UltraViolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN) spacecraft. The emission reveals recombination of N and O atoms dissociated on the dayside of Mars and transported to the nightside. We characterize the brightness (from 0.2 to 30 kR) and altitude (from 40 to 115 km) of the NO nightglow layer, as well as its topside scale height (mean of 11 km). We show the possible impact of atmospheric waves forcing longitudinal variability, associated with an increased brightness by a factor of 3 in the 140–200° longitude region in the northern hemisphere winter and in the −102° to −48° longitude region at summer. Such impact to the NO nightglow at Mars was not seen before. Quantitative comparison with calculations of the LMD‐MGCM (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique‐Mars Global Climate Model) suggests that the model globally reproduces the trends of the NO nightglow emission and its seasonal variation and also indicates large discrepancies (up to a factor 50 fainter in the model) in northern winter at low to middle latitudes. This suggests that the predicted transport is too efficient toward the night winter pole in the thermosphere by ∼20° latitude north.
Evidence for a heavily glaciated Antarctica during the late Oligocene “warming” (27.8–24.5 Ma): Stable isotope records from ODP Site 690
Authors: Hauptvogel D. W. , Pekar S. F. , Pincay V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHigh δ18O values (> 3.0‰) from a 9 kyr resolution benthic foraminiferal stable isotope record from the Ocean Drilling Program hole 690B located on the Maud Rise, Antarctica, indicate a heavily glaciated Antarctic continent during late Oligocene (27.8–24.5 Ma). Values ranging 2.5–3.0‰ during interglacial periods and 3.0–3.6‰ during glacial intervals are consistent with an ice sheet near or larger than modern size. In addition, this record does not exhibit the long‐term late Oligocene warming trend seen in records from low‐latitude drill sites. Oxygen isotope values from 26.0 to 24.5 Ma are comparable (ranging between 2.5 and 3.3‰) to values that preceded the δ18O event Oi2b at 26.7 Ma, indicating no significant glacial collapse occurred during the late Oligocene. A gradient between ocean basins during the Oligocene has already been linked to the development of a modern, multilayered ocean and worked to bathe the low latitude to midlatitude, deep‐sea records with a warmer water mass. We suggest that this masked the significant Antarctic glaciation in low‐latitude paleoceanographic records. Additionally, we propose a resolution for conflicting lines of evidence from some Antarctic proximal records suggesting significant glaciation and others suggesting reduced glaciation during the late Oligocene by allowing a modern‐sized ice sheet to grow on an Antarctic continent as more land surface area existed above sea level during this time. This could allow at least some portions of the Antarctic coastline to remain ice‐free during glacial minima while still maintaining modern or near‐modern ice volume.
Using dual‐domain advective‐transport simulation to reconcile multiple‐tracer ages and estimate dual‐porosity transport parameters
Authors: Sanford Ward E. , Niel Plummer L. , Casile Gerolamo , Busenberg Ed , Nelms David L. , Schlosser Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDual‐domain transport is an alternative conceptual and mathematical paradigm to advection‐dispersion for describing the movement of dissolved constituents in groundwater. Here we test the use of a dual‐domain algorithm combined with advective pathline tracking to help reconcile environmental tracer concentrations measured in springs within the Shenandoah Valley, USA. The approach also allows for the estimation of the three dual‐domain parameters: mobile porosity, immobile porosity, and a domain exchange rate constant. Concentrations of CFC‐113, SF6, 3H, and 3He were measured at 28 springs emanating from carbonate rocks. The different tracers give three different mean composite piston‐flow ages for all the springs that vary from 5 to 18 years. Here we compare four algorithms that interpret the tracer concentrations in terms of groundwater age: piston flow, old‐fraction mixing, advective‐flow path modeling, and dual‐domain modeling. Whereas the second two algorithms made slight improvements over piston flow at reconciling the disparate piston‐flow age estimates, the dual‐domain algorithm gave a very marked improvement. Optimal values for the three transport parameters were also obtained, although the immobile porosity value was not well constrained. Parameter correlation and sensitivities were calculated to help quantify the uncertainty. Although some correlation exists between the three parameters being estimated, a watershed simulation of a pollutant breakthrough to a local stream illustrates that the estimated transport parameters can still substantially help to constrain and predict the nature and timing of solute transport. The combined use of multiple environmental tracers with this dual‐domain approach could be applicable in a wide variety of fractured‐rock settings.
Self‐audit of lockout/tagout in manufacturing workplaces: A pilot study
Authors: Yamin Samuel C. , Parker David L. , Xi Min , Stanley Rodney 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundOccupational health and safety (OHS) self‐auditing is a common practice in industrial workplaces. However, few audit instruments have been tested for inter‐rater reliability and accuracy.MethodsA lockout/tagout (LOTO) self‐audit checklist was developed for use in manufacturing enterprises. It was tested for inter‐rater reliability and accuracy using responses of business self‐auditors and external auditors.ResultsInter‐rater reliability at ten businesses was excellent (κ = 0.84). Business self‐auditors had high (100%) accuracy in identifying elements of LOTO practice that were present as well those that were absent (81% accuracy). Reliability and accuracy increased further when problematic checklist questions were removed from the analysis.ConclusionsResults indicate that the LOTO self‐audit checklist would be useful in manufacturing firms’ efforts to assess and improve their LOTO programs. In addition, a reliable self‐audit instrument removes the need for external auditors to visit worksites, thereby expanding capacity for outreach and intervention while minimizing costs.
Exceedingly Large Stokes Shift Induced by Low‐Barrier H‐Bond‐Assisted Internal Charge Transfer
Authors: Wang Qin , Xu Longfei , Niu Yahui , Yuan Mao‐Sen , Zhang Yanrong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBy only replacing phenyl group with N‐methylpyridinium in a 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) derivative HBT‐s‐Ph, which is an excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)‐active dye, the conjugated HBT–N‐methylpyridinium hybrid HBT‐Py, emits high‐efficiency fluorescence (Φf: 29 %) with an exceedingly large Stokes shift (213 nm) even in aqueous solution. Emission spectroscopy and computational calculations indicate that this typical photophysical property owes to low‐barrier H‐bond (LBHB)‐assisted internal charge transfer (ICT), not ESIPT.
Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Bulk Industrial Olefins Using Ferrocenyl Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Dong Kaiwu , Sang Rui , Fang Xianjie , Franke Robert , Spannenberg Anke , Neumann Helfried , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe development of ligands plays a key role and provides important innovations in homogeneous catalysis. In this context, we report a novel class of ferrocenyl phosphines for the alkoxycarbonylation of industrially important alkenes. A basic feature of our ligands is the combination of sterically hindered and amphoteric moieties on the P atoms, which leads to improved activity and productivity for alkoxycarbonylation reactions compared to the current industrial state‐of‐the‐art ligand 1,2‐bis((di‐tert‐butylphosphino)methyl)benzene). Advantageously, palladium catalysts with these novel ligands also enable such transformations without additional acid under milder reaction conditions. The practicability of the optimized ligand was demonstrated by preparation on >10 g scale and its use in palladium‐catalyzed carbonylations on kilogram scale.
Quantitative LC‐MS liefert keinen Hinweis auf m6dA oder m4dC im Genom von Mausstammzellen und ‐geweben
Authors: Schiffers Sarah , Ebert Charlotte , Rahimoff René , Kosmatchev Olesea , Steinbacher Jessica , Bohne Alexandra‐Viola , Spada Fabio , Michalakis Stylianos , Nickelsen Jörg , Müller Markus , Carell Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBis vor kurzem war im Genom von höheren Organismen neben den kanonischen Basen nur 5‐Methyl‐dC (m5dC) als modifizierte Base zur Kontrolle epigenetischer Prozesse bekannt. Diese Ansicht änderte sich dramatisch mit der Entdeckung von 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐dC (hmdC), 5‐Formyl‐dC (fdC) und 5‐Carboxy‐dC (cadC) in DNA aus Stammzellen und Hirngewebe. Zuletzt wurde N6‐Methyldesoxyadenosin (m6dA) im Genom diverser eukaryotischer Organismen entdeckt. Diese Base, zusammen mit N4‐Methyldesoxycytidin (m4dC), war zuerst aus dem Bakteriengenom bekannt. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Level und die Verteilung dieser potentiell epigenetisch relevanten DNA‐Basen mithilfe einer neuen ultrasensitiven UHPLC‐MS‐Methode untersucht. Des Weiteren wurden quantitative Daten für m5dC, hmdC, fdC und cadC erhalten, aber m4dC und m6dA wurden in DNA aus Mausstammzellen sowie Gehirn‐ und Lebergeweben nicht detektiert, was deren epigenetische Relevanz infrage stellt.
Selective Enzymatic Demethylation of N2,N2‐Dimethylguanosine in RNA and Its Application in High‐Throughput tRNA Sequencing
Authors: Dai Qing , Zheng Guanqun , Schwartz Michael H. , Clark Wesley C. , Pan Tao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe abundant Watson–Crick face methylations in biological RNAs such as N1‐methyladenosine (m1A), N1‐methylguanosine (m1G), N3‐methylcytosine (m3C), and N2,N2‐dimethylguanosine (m22G) cause significant obstacles for high‐throughput RNA sequencing by impairing cDNA synthesis. One strategy to overcome this obstacle is to remove the methyl group on these modified bases prior to cDNA synthesis using enzymes. The wild‐type E. coli AlkB and its D135S mutant can remove most of m1A, m1G, m3C modifications in transfer RNA (tRNA), but they work poorly on m22G. Here we report the design and evaluation of a series of AlkB mutants against m22G‐containing model RNA substrates that we synthesize using an improved synthetic method. We show that the AlkB D135S/L118V mutant efficiently and selectively converts m22G modification to N2‐methylguanosine (m2G). We also show that this new enzyme improves the efficiency of tRNA sequencing.
Ligand‐Promoted meta‐C−H Functionalization of Benzylamines
Authors: Wang Peng , Farmer Marcus E. , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMeta‐C−H functionalization of benzylamines has been developed using a PdII/transient mediator strategy. Using 2‐pyridone ligands and 2‐carbomethoxynorbornene (NBE‐CO2Me) as the mediator, arylation, amination, and chlorination of benzylamines are realized. This protocol features a broad substrate scope and is compatible with heterocylic coupling partners. Moreover, the loading of the Pd can be lowered to 2.5 mol % by using the optimal ligand.
Fabrication of photochromic hydrogels using an interpenetrating chitosan network
Authors: Lee Cheol Woo , Lee Seung Hwan , Yang Young‐Keun , Ryu Geun‐Chang , Kim Ho‐Joong 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of a novel interpenetrating chitosan network post‐modified with spiropyran (SP) derivatives has been used to develop photochromic hydrogels. We have synthesized succinyl chitosan polymers containing a considerable number of both amines and carboxylic groups. Their intra/inter molecular amide coupling reactions and postmodification with SP derivatives resulted in the photochromic hydrogels functionalized with chitosan‐based interpenetrating polymer network structures. In this hydrogel system, SPs undergo reversible photoresponsive structural switching between a ring‐closed colorless SP form and a ring‐opened purple merocyanine form under specific light‐irradiation conditions. Notably, the photo‐mediated wettabilities and color intensities of the hydrogels increase by the increment in the molecular weight of SP‐functionalized chitosans. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45120.
Photochemistry of 1‐ and 2‐Naphthols and Their Water Clusters: The Role of 1ππ*(La) Mediated Hydrogen Transfer to Carbon Atoms
Authors: Novak Jurica , Prlj Antonio , Basarić Nikola , Corminboeuf Clémence , Došlić Nađa 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe computational analysis of the isomer‐ and conformer‐dependent photochemistry of 1‐ and 2‐naphthols and their microsolvated water clusters is motivated by their very different excited state reactivities. We present evidence that 1‐ and 2‐naphthol follow distinct excited state deactivation pathways. The deactivation of 2‐naphthols, 2‐naphthol water clusters, as well as of the anti conformer of 1‐naphthol is mediated by the optically dark 1πσ* state. The dynamics of the 1πσ* surface leads to the homolytic cleavage of the OH bond. On the contrary, the excited state deactivation of syn 1‐naphthol and 1‐naphthol water clusters follows an uncommon reaction pathway. Upon excitation to the bright 1ππ*(La) state, a highly specific excited state hydrogen transfer (ESHT) to carbon atoms C8 and C5 takes place, yielding 1,8‐ and 1,5‐naphthoquinone methides. The ESHT pathway arises from the intrinsic electronic properties of the 1ππ*(La) state of 1‐naphthols.
Algebraic description and automatic generation of multigrid methods in SPIRAL
Authors: Bolten Matthias , Franchetti Franz , Kelly Paul H. J. , Lengauer Christian , Mohr Marcus 
Published: March 2017

SummarySPIRAL is an autotuning, program generation, and code synthesis system that offers a fully automatic generation of highly optimized target codes, customized for the specific execution platform at hand. Initially, SPIRAL was targeted at problem domains in digital signal processing, later also at basic linear algebra. We open SPIRAL up to a new, practically relevant and challenging domain: multigrid solvers. SPIRAL is driven by algebraic transformation rules. We specify a set of such rules for a simple multigrid solver with a Richardson smoother for a discretized square 2D Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We present the target code that SPIRAL generates in static single‐assignment form and discuss its performance. While this example required no changes of or extensions to the SPIRAL system, more complex multigrid solvers may require small adaptations.
Learning from Experiences of Ancient Subak Schemes for Participatory Irrigation System Management in Bali
Authors: Yekti M.I. , Schultz B. , Norken I.N. , Gany A.H.A. , Hayde L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSubak irrigation systems have been well known since the ninth century. These systems are managed by a Subak association based on the Tri Hita Karana philosophy, as a faith of Balinese Hindus based on harmony between human beings and God, harmony between people and nature, and harmony between people and people. This philosophy underlies every activity of Subak farmers. To manage Subak systems, Subak associations and farmers pursue the Subak regulation called Awig‐awig Subak as the togetherness consensus that was originally announced by the King and nowadays by the Head of the Regency. As associations for irrigation system management, Subak associations have been already naturally adapted to participatory irrigation management (PIM). This paper has been prepared based on a literature study to portray centuries of experience with ancient Subak irrigation system management, in which PIM was represented by three linked aspects: PIM in irrigation system operation and maintenance; PIM with respect to socioculture and economics of agriculture; PIM in light of a religious community. While several of these systems are now under stress, the results of this literature study may hopefully contribute to sustainable PIM for the operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes in Bali during the forthcoming decades. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone Mineral Density Increases in Trans Persons After 1 Year of Hormonal Treatment: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Wiepjes Chantal M , Vlot Mariska C , Klaver Maartje , Nota Nienke M , de Blok Christel JM , de Jongh Renate T , Lips Paul , Heijboer Annemieke C , Fisher Alessandra D , Schreiner Thomas , T'Sjoen Guy , den Heijer Martin 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTSex steroids are important determinants of bone acquisition and bone homeostasis. Cross‐sex hormonal treatment (CHT) in transgender persons can affect bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to investigate in a prospective observational multicenter study the first‐year effects of CHT on BMD in transgender persons. A total of 231 transwomen and 199 transmen were included who completed the first year of CHT. Transwomen were treated with cyproterone acetate and oral or transdermal estradiol; transmen received transdermal or intramuscular testosterone. A dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed to measure lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH), and femoral neck (FN) BMD before and after 1 year of CHT. In transwomen, an increase in LS (+3.67%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.20 to 4.13%, p < 0.001), TH (+0.97%, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.31%, p < 0.001), and FN (+1.86%, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.31%, p < 0.001) BMD was found. In transmen, TH BMD increased after 1 year of CHT (+1.04%, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.44%, p < 0.001). No changes were observed in FN BMD (–0.46%, 95% CI –1.07 to 0.16%, p = 0.144). The increase in LS BMD was larger in transmen aged ≥50 years (+4.32%, 95% CI 2.28 to 6.36%, p = 0.001) compared with transmen aged <50 years (+0.68%, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.17%, p = 0.007). In conclusion, BMD increased in transgender persons after 1 year of CHT. In transmen of postmenopausal age, the LS BMD increased more than in younger transmen, which may lead to the hypothesis that the increase in BMD in transmen is the result of the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.