bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatial scale of time‐lagged population synchrony increases with species dispersal distance
Authors: Martin Amanda E. , Pearce‐Higgins James W. , Fahrig Lenore 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTime‐lagged population synchrony, where spatially separated populations show similar fluctuations in abundance lagged over time, is thought to be driven by dispersal among populations. When dispersal is proportional to population density or positively density dependent, and individuals move readily from population A to population B, then as population A increases, the increased number of dispersers from population A to B will cause a subsequent increase in population B. If true, then time‐lagged synchrony should be strongest at a species’ typical dispersal distance, because the rate of exchange between populations will be greatest at that distance.LocationUnited Kingdom (U. K.).Time period1994 – 2013.Major taxa studiedBirds (class Aves).MethodsWe estimated the spatial scale of 1‐year‐lagged population synchrony for 76 U.K. bird species, using 20 years of bird count data collected at 2,415 locations by the British Breeding Bird Survey. We then compared these spatial scales with published mean natal and breeding dispersal distance estimates (ranging from 0.1 to 25.8 km) for the same species based on an independent, large‐scale, mark–recapture dataset of 492,272 bird recaptures in Britain and Ireland.ResultsWe found strong, positive cross‐species relationships between the spatial scale of time‐lagged synchrony and mean natal and breeding dispersal distance estimates from the mark–recapture study. However, average spatial scales of time‐lagged synchrony were more than 60 km longer than those from mark–recapture data, with scales ranging from 5 to 185 km.Main conclusionsOurs is the first study to show that the spatial scale of time‐lagged synchrony increases with species dispersal distance. The scale of synchrony was larger than expected, probably because mark–recapture data underestimated the real dispersal distances, or because dispersal synchronizes populations at a larger spatial scale than that of dispersal (e.g., through formation of travelling waves), or both. Nevertheless, the strong relative concordance is consistent with the explanation that time‐lagged synchrony results from dispersal among populations.
Contrasting patterns of altitudinal distribution between parasitoid wasps of the subfamilies Braconinae and Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Aguirre Helmuth , Shaw Scott R. , Rodríguez‐Jiménez Andrea 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany tropical organisms have narrow altitudinal ranges and therefore may be especially vulnerable to climate change. Parasitoid wasps are no exception, so baseline knowledge about their vulnerability to rising temperatures needs to include analyses of their distributional ranges along elevational gradients.Using museum collections of the parasitoid subfamilies Braconinae and Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Costa Rica, we tested two alternative hypotheses explaining altitudinal distributions of communities: (i) the Mid‐domain effect, which states that species diversity peaks at middle elevations as a result of species’ random distributions; and (ii) Rapoport's effect, which predicts that species diversity should monotonically decrease with increasing elevation.We found that for the Doryctinae, species diversity decreased monotonically with elevation, while the Braconinae showed two peaks. Species altitudinal ranges increased with elevation in the Doryctinae, as predicted by Rapoport's effect, but not so in the Braconinae. Neither of the subfamilies’ distributions fit the prediction of the Mid‐domain effect.The richness peak at low elevations displayed by the Braconinae and Doryctinae matches the distribution of wood‐boring beetles, which are potential hosts for both taxa. The second peak described in the Braconinae at middle elevations may reflect either better access or higher availability of potential hosts in the Diptera and Lepidoptera at those elevations.Because species in the Doryctinae, on average, had altitudinal ranges that were broader and lower in elevation than species in the Braconinae, our results suggest that species in the Doryctinae might have greater resilience to future temperature increases.
Comparing touch senses of naïve and expert panels through treated hair swatches: which associated wordings correlate with hair physical properties?
Authors: Galliano A. , Kempf J. Y. , Fougere M. , Applebaum M. , Wolfram L. J. , Maibach H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study (i) compared the sense of touch between a naïve and expert panels, under visual or blind conditions, using differently treated hair swatches and (ii) explored possible common wordings used by both panels and their possible links with some physical properties of hairs.MethodsTwo sets of 15 hair swatches of Caucasian and Chinese origins were differently treated (bleached, permed, brushed, etc.) or organized (root–tip vs. tip–root). These were evaluated by tactile assessments by two panels (105 naïve consumers and 10 hair experts) under visual or blind conditions, in two geographical locations. A series of 17 defined antonym adjectives, as descriptors, allowed responses of each panel to being scored and their preference mappings to being defined on a like–dislike scale. Hair swatches were measured and assessed by various instrumental techniques (bending, diameter, cuticle cohesion, alignments of hair).ResultsApart from a few overlaps, all 15 hair swatches were well differentiated by both panels which showed a global agreement, making experts reliable assessors. Only three descriptors among 17 correlated with some objective measurements. Tactile‐visual assessments differ from those performed tactile blind in both panels. Agreements between both panels appear, however, closer under tactile‐blind conditions.ConclusionTrained hair experts were confirmed as reliable representatives of a larger and naïve cohort, viewed as consumers. Hair swatches were well differentiated by both panels, with comparable descriptor rankings.
The chemical composition of different edible locations (central and edge muscles) of flat fish (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis)
Authors: Barbosa Roberta G. , Trigo Marcos , Prego Ricardo , Fett Roseane , Aubourg Santiago P. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe chemical composition of the different edible locations (central and edge muscles) of a flat fish (megrim, Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) was comparatively analysed at both body sides. Higher moisture and lower lipid contents were obtained in central muscles than in edge ones. Edge sites showed higher triacylglycerols and sterols contents and lower mean phospholipids values than central muscles. A higher α‐tocopherol presence was observed in the lipid fraction of central muscles than in the edge ones. For both fish sides, fatty acid (FA) analysis showed lower monounsaturated FA and higher polyunsaturated FA contents and ω3/ω6 ratios in central muscles. Presence of essential elements (Co, Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) did not provide differences among sites considered. Concerning toxic elements, As content showed greater levels in central muscles than in their corresponding edge sites for both fish sides, upper zones showed higher mean scores in As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb and V.
Gelation properties of goose liver protein recovered by isoelectric solubilisation/precipitation process
Authors: Li Xin , Xue Siwen , Zhao Xue , Zhuang Xinbo , Han Minyi , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIsoelectric solubilisation/precipitation (ISP) process was applied to goose liver (GL) for protein extraction. The gelation properties of proteins extracted by acid processes (ACP, pH 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0) and alkaline processes (ALP, pH 11.0, 11.5 and 12.0) were estimated, where the unextracted ground GL was set as the control. Nearly 58.39~79.00% of GL proteins were recovered by ISP treatments. High molecular weight (100~250 kDa) proteins were found to be partially hydrolysed by ACP, while few changes in proteins occurred during ALP. As evidenced by rheological and textural measurements, ALP proteins formed gels with high elasticity and superior texture, whereas ACP proteins had inferior gelation properties. Moreover, ALP proteins were able to form a highly interconnected and homogeneous three‐dimensional microstructure. Predominantly, gels produced by 11.0 had optimal texture and the lowest cooking loss (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the ISP process (ALP) is a potential method to improve the economic value of GL.
GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME
Authors: STANTON M. C. , TANGE J. D. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryNine cases, which show a combination of pulmonary hamorrhage and glomerulonephritis, have been recorded: as the ætiology of the condition is obscure, brevity and precedence are urged to justify the name “Goodpasture's syndrome”.Only twelve other cases could be collected from the literature, but this probably does not reflect its real frequency.The pulmonary lesions appear to be produced by some derangement of the humoral mechanisms of the body, similar to that operating in uncomplicated glomerulonephritis or related conditions, and are distinct and different from the pulmonary changes seen in the lungs in uræmia.The renal lesion is predominantly glomerular and widespread;in most cases, the change is proliferative with hyaline change in the late stages. Active organization with giant‐cell formation is a feature of some cases.The lung changes are characteristically congestion and thickening of alveolar walls with some disintegration and rupture. Alveoli contain a cellular exudate; in later stages organization occurs.Usually the first manifestation of the syndrome is hemoptysis; and as there may be only a trace, or even no albumin in the urine, early diagnosis may be exceedingly difficult. This may influence or mask the real prognosis of the syndrome. As it is a killing disease of young adults, it deserves further study.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of non‐pharmacological interventions to reduce the symptoms of mild to moderate anxiety in pregnant women
Authors: Evans Kerry , Morrell C Jane , Spiby Helen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions for pregnant women with symptoms of mild to moderate anxiety.BackgroundMany pregnant women experience mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety and could benefit from additional support. Non‐pharmacological interventions have been suggested for use during pregnancy.DesignA systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Data sourcesRandomized controlled trials published since 1990, identified from electronic databases: Medline; CINAHL; Maternity and Infant Care; PsycINFO; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; CENTRAL; EMBASE; Centre for Reviews and Dissemination; Social Sciences Citation Index; ASSIA; HTA Library; Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence‐Based Practice database; Allied and Complementary Medicine.Review methodsConducted according to the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination procedure. Papers were screened (N = 5,222), assessed for eligibility (N = 57) and selected for inclusion (N = 25). The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was used. Papers were assessed for clinical and statistical heterogeneity and considered for meta‐analysis. Descriptive analysis of the data was conducted.ResultsPsychological, mind‐body, educational and supportive interventions were delivered individually and to groups of pregnant women over single or multiple sessions. The State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory was the most commonly used anxiety measure. In 60% of studies there were fewer than 40 participants. Meta‐analysis of three studies indicated no observed beneficial effect in the reduction of anxiety.ConclusionThere was insufficient evidence from which to draw overall conclusions regarding the benefit of interventions. Results were predominantly based on small samples. Many papers provided an inadequate description of methods which prevented a full assessment of methodological quality.
Validation and adaptation of the danger assessment‐5: A brief intimate partner violence risk assessment
Authors: Messing Jill Theresa , Campbell Jacquelyn C. , Snider Carolyn 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to assess the predictive validity of the DA‐5 with the addition of a strangulation item in evaluating the risk of an intimate partner violence (IPV) victim being nearly killed by an intimate partner.BackgroundThe DA‐5 was developed as a short form of the Danger Assessment for use in healthcare settings, including emergency and urgent care settings. Analyzing data from a sample of IPV survivors who had called the police for domestic violence, the DA‐5 was tested with and without an item on strangulation, a potentially fatal and medically damaging IPV tactic used commonly by dangerous abusers.DesignResearchers interviewed a heterogeneous sample of 1,081 women recruited by police between 2009–2013 at the scene of a domestic violence call; 619 (57.3%) were contacted and re‐interviewed after an average of 7 months.MethodsThe predictive validity of the DA‐5 was assessed for the outcome of severe or near lethal IPV re‐assault using sensitivity, specificity and ROC curve analysis techniques.ResultsThe original DA‐5 was found to be accurate (AUC = .68), equally accurate with the strangulation item from the original DA substituted (AUC = .68) and slightly more accurate (but not a statistically significant difference) if multiple strangulation is assessed.ConclusionWe recommend that the DA‐5 with the strangulation item be used for a quick assessment of homicide or near homicide risk among IPV survivors. A protocol for immediate referral and examination for further injury from strangulation should be adopted for IPV survivors at high risk.
A diphenyldiselenide derivative induces autophagy via JNK in HTB‐54 lung cancer cells
Authors: Díaz Marta , González Roncesvalles , Plano Daniel , Palop Juan Antonio , Sanmartín Carmen , Encío Ignacio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSymmetric aromatic diselenides are potential anticancer agents with strong cytotoxic activity. In this study, the in vitro anticancer activities of a novel series of diarylseleno derivatives from the diphenyldiselenide (DPDS) scaffold were evaluated. Most of the compounds exhibited high efficacy for inducing cytotoxicity against different human cancer cell lines. DPDS 2, the compound with the lowest mean GI50 value, induced both caspase‐dependent apoptosis and arrest at the G0/G1 phase in acute lymphoblastic leucemia CCRF‐CEM cells. Consistent with this, PARP cleavage; enhanced caspase‐2, ‐3, ‐8 and ‐9 activity; reduced CDK4 expression and increased levels of p53 were detected in these cells upon DPDS 2 treatment. Mutated p53 expressed in CCRF‐CEM cells retains its transactivating activity. Therefore, increased levels of p21CIP1 and BAX proteins were also detected. On the other hand, DPDS 6, the compound with the highest selectivity index for cancer cells, resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest and caspase‐independent cell death in p53 deficient HTB‐54 lung cancer cells. Autophagy inhibitors 3‐methyladenine, wortmannin and chloroquine inhibited DPDS 6‐induced cell death. Consistent with autophagy, increased LC3‐II and decreased SQSTM1/p62 levels were detected in HTB‐54 cells in response to DPDS 6. Induction of JNK phosphorylation and a reduction in phospho‐p38 MAPK were also detected. Moreover, the JNK inhibitor SP600125‐protected HTB‐54 cells from DPDS 6‐induced cell death indicating that JNK activation is involved in DPDS 6‐induced autophagy. These results highlight the anticancer effects of these derivatives and warrant future studies examining their clinical potential.
Betacellulin regulates the proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells in vitro
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Shen Bingqiao , Zhang Yi , Ni Ni , Wang Yuyao , Fan Xianqun , Sun Hao , Gu Ping 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRetinal progenitor cells (RPCs) hold great potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. However, their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential towards specific retinal neurons are limited, which limit their future clinical applications. Thus, it is important to improve the RPCs’ ability to proliferate and differentiate. Currently, epidermal growth factor (EGF) is commonly used to stimulate RPC growth in vitro. In this study, we find that betacellulin (BTC), a member of the EGF family, plays important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of RPCs. Our results showed that BTC can significantly promote the proliferation of RPCs more efficiently than EGF. EGF stimulated RPC proliferation through the EGFR/ErbB2‐Erk pathway, while BTC stimulated RPC proliferation more powerfully through the EGFR/ErbB2/ErbB4‐Akt/Erk pathway. Meanwhile, under differentiated conditions, the BTC‐pre‐treated RPCs were preferentially differentiated into retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, one of the most important types of cells for retinal cell replacement therapy, compared to the EGF‐pre‐treated RPCs. In addition, knockdown of endogenous BTC expression can also obviously promote RPC differentiation into retinal neuronal cells. This data demonstrate that BTC plays important roles in promoting RPC proliferation and differentiation into retinal neurons. This study may provide new insights into the study of RPC proliferation and differentiation and make a step towards the application of RPCs in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
Role of IL‐18 in atopic asthma is determined by balance of IL‐18/IL‐18BP/IL‐18R
Authors: Zhang Huiyun , Wang Junling , Wang Ling , Xie Hua , Chen Liping , He Shaoheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is recognized that IL‐18 is related to development of asthma, but role of IL‐18 in asthma remains controversial and confusing. This is largely due to lack of information on expression of IL‐18 binding protein (BP) and IL‐18 receptor (R) in asthma. In this study, we found that plasma levels of IL‐18 and IL‐18BP were elevated in asthma. The ratio between plasma concentrations of IL‐18 and IL‐18BP was 1:12.8 in asthma patients. We demonstrated that 13‐fold more monocytes, 17.5‐fold more neutrophils and 4.1‐fold more B cells express IL‐18BP than IL‐18 in asthmatic blood, suggesting that there is excessive amount of IL‐18BP to abolish actions of IL‐18 in asthma. We also discovered that more IL‐18R+ monocytes, neutrophils and B cells are located in asthmatic blood. Once injected, IL‐18 eliminated IL‐18R+ monocytes in blood, but up‐regulated expression of IL‐18R in lung macrophages of OVA‐sensitized mice. Our data clearly indicate that the role of IL‐18 in asthma is very likely to be determined by balance of IL‐18/IL‐18BP/IL‐18R expression in inflammatory cells. Therefore, IL‐18R blocking or IL‐18BP activity enhancing therapies may be useful for treatment of asthma.
Language growth in children with heterogeneous language disorders: a population study
Authors: Norbury Courtenay Frazier , Vamvakas George , Gooch Debbie , Baird Gillian , Charman Tony , Simonoff Emily , Pickles Andrew 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundLanguage development has been characterised by significant individual stability from school entry. However, the extent to which trajectories of language growth vary in children with language disorder as a function of co‐occurring developmental challenges is a question of theoretical import, with implications for service provision.MethodsSCALES employed a population‐based survey design with sample weighting procedures to estimate growth in core language skills over the first three years of school. A stratified sample (n = 529) received comprehensive assessment of language, nonverbal IQ, and social, emotional and behavioural difficulties at 5–6 years of age and 95% of the sample (n = 499) were assessed again at ages 7–8. Language growth was measured using both raw and standard scores in children with typical development, children with language disorder of unknown origin, and children with language disorders associated with a known clinical condition and/or intellectual disability.ResultsOverall, language was stable at the individual level (estimated ICC = 0.95) over the first three years of school. Linear mixed effects models highlighted steady growth in language raw scores across all three groups, including those with multiple developmental challenges. There was little evidence, however, that children with language disorders were narrowing the gap with peers (z‐scores). Adjusted models indicated that while nonverbal ability, socioeconomic status and social, emotional and behavioural deficits predicted initial language score (intercept), none predicted language growth (slope).ConclusionsThese findings corroborate previous studies suggesting stable language trajectories after ages 5–6 years, but add considerably to previous work by demonstrating similar developmental patterns in children with additional nonverbal cognitive deficits, social, emotional, and behavioural challenges, social disadvantage or clinical diagnoses.
A single‐session growth mindset intervention for adolescent anxiety and depression: 9‐month outcomes of a randomized trial
Authors: Schleider Jessica , Weisz John 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundSingle‐session interventions (SSIs) show promise in the prevention and treatment of youth psychopathology, carrying potential to improve the scalability and accessibility of youth psychological services. However, existing SSIs have conferred greater benefits for youths with anxiety, compared to depression or comorbid problems, and their effects have generally waned over time – particularly for follow‐ups exceeding 3 months.MethodTo help address these discrepancies, we tested whether a novel SSI teaching growth mindset of personality (the belief that personality is malleable) could reduce depression and anxiety and strengthen perceived control in high‐risk adolescents (N = 96, ages 12–15). At baseline, youths were randomized to receive a 30‐min, computer‐guided growth mindset intervention or a supportive‐therapy control. Youths and parents reported youth anxiety and depressive symptoms, and youths reported their levels of perceived control, at baseline and across a 9‐month follow‐up period.ResultsCompared to the control program, the mindset intervention led to significantly greater improvements in parent‐reported youth depression (d = .60) and anxiety (d = .28), youth‐reported youth depression (d = .32), and youth‐reported perceived behavioral control (d = .29) by 9‐month follow‐up. Intervention effects were nonsignificant for youth‐reported anxiety, although 9‐month effect sizes reached the small‐to‐medium range (d = .33). Intervention group youths also experienced more rapid improvements in parent‐reported depression, youth‐reported depression, and perceived behavioral control across the follow‐up period, compared to control group youths.ConclusionsFindings suggest a promising, scalable SSI for reducing internalizing distress in high‐risk adolescents. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03132298.