bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofuels 2020: Biorefineries based on lignocellulosic materials
Authors: Valdivia Miguel , Galan Jose Luis , Laffarga Joaquina , Ramos Juan‐Luis 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe production of liquid biofuels to blend with gasoline is of worldwide importance to secure the energy supply while reducing the use of fossil fuels, supporting the development of rural technology with knowledge‐based jobs and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Today, engineering for plant construction is accessible and new processes using agricultural residues and municipal solid wastes have reached a good degree of maturity and high conversion yields (almost 90% of polysaccharides are converted into monosaccharides ready for fermentation). For the complete success of the 2G technology, it is still necessary to overcome a number of limitations that prevent a first‐of‐a‐kind plant from operating at nominal capacity. We also claim that the triumph of 2G technology requires the development of favourable logistics to guarantee biomass supply and make all actors (farmers, investors, industrial entrepreneurs, government, others) aware that success relies on agreement advances. The growth of ethanol production for 2020 seems to be secured with a number of 2G plants, but public/private investments are still necessary to enable 2G technology to move on ahead from its very early stages to a more mature consolidated technology.
‘Nobilitas sola est atq; unica Virtus’: Spying and the Politics of Virtue in The Golden Spy; or, A Political Journal of the British Nights Entertainments (1709)
Authors: Wu Jingyue 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article reassesses the current scholarly tendency to interpret Charles Gildon's The Golden Spy (1709) as the first fully fledged English object narrative by examining this fiction as a social critique of the reformation of manners movement in the late Stuart period. Special attention is paid to its contemporaneous reception, literary precursors and contributions to the debates concerning moral reform. The article argues that Gildon's fictional experimentation, not least the deployment of narrating spy gold coins, seeks not just to delight by its novelty but also to dynamise contemporary readers' reflection on the godly reformation and its politics of virtue.
Cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonism ameliorates harmaline‐induced essential tremor in rat
Authors: Abbassian Hassan , Whalley Benjamin J , Sheibani Vahid , Shabani Mohammad 
Published: August 2016

Background and PurposeEssential tremor (ET) is a neurological disorder with unknown aetiology. Its symptoms include cerebellar motor disturbances, cognitive and personality changes, hearing and olfactory deficits. Hyperactivity of excitotoxic cerebellar climbing fibres may underlie essential tremor and has been induced in rodents by systemic harmaline administration. Cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists can cause motor disturbances; although, there are also anecdotal reports of therapeutic benefits of cannabis in motor disorders. We set out to establish the effects of CB receptor agonism and antagonism on an established rodent model of ET using a battery of accepted behaviour assays in order to determine the risk and therapeutic potential of modulating the endocannabinoid system in ET.Experimental ApproachBehavioural effects of systemic treatment with a CB receptor agonist (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg kg−1 WIN55, 212–2) or two CB1 receptor antagonists (1 mg kg−1 AM251 and 10 mg kg−1 rimonabant) on tremor induced in rats by harmaline (30 mg kg−1; i.p.), were assessed using tremor scoring, open field, rotarod, grip and gait tests.Key ResultsOverall, harmaline induced robust tremor that was typically worsened across the measured behavioural domains by CB receptor agonism but ameliorated by CB1 receptor antagonism.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results provide the first evidence of the effects of modulating the endocannabinoid system on motor function in the harmaline model of ET. Our data suggest that CB1 receptor manipulation warrants clinical investigation as a therapeutic approach to protection against behavioural disturbances associated with ET.
A comparison of infarct mass by cardiac magnetic resonance and real time myocardial perfusion echocardiography as predictors of major adverse cardiac events following reperfusion for ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Lenz Charles J , Abdelmoneim Sahar S , Anavekar Nandan S , Foley Thomas A , Nhola Lara F , Huang Runqing , Oh Jae K , Mulvagh Sharon L 
Published: August 2016

PurposeInfarct mass as assessed by myocardial‐delayed enhancement imaging on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and myocardial blood flow as assessed by real time myocardial perfusion echocardiography (RT‐MPE) have been shown to predict adverse events following ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There has been no published comparison of quantitative assessment using these modalities as predictors of clinical outcomes to date. We compared RT‐MPE with CMR for prediction of cardiac events in reperfused STEMI patients.Materials and MethodsConsecutive STEMI patients with early reperfusion were studied. RT‐MPE and CMR were performed. Perfusion score indices (PSIRT‐MPE and PSICMR) were calculated [sum of segmental perfusion scores/number of segments]. CMR infarct mass (g) and RT‐MPE myocardial blood flow (MBF dB/s) were quantified. Patients were followed for cardiac events (death, nonfatal MI, revascularization, angina, and heart failure).ResultsAll 27 patients (age 62±14; follow‐up 3.5±2.6 years) had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow of infarct vessel. Cardiac events occurred in 17 (63%). Cardiac event patients had higher PSIRT‐MPE, PSICMR, infarct mass, and lower MBF. PSIRT‐MPE cutoff of 0.3 had an AUC of 0.856 (82% sensitivity, 70% specificity), while a PSICMR cutoff of 0.2 had an AUC of 0.765 (76% sensitivity, 60% specificity). Infarct mass and MBF were independent predictors of cardiac events after adjusting for risk factors (hazard ratios: 20.9 [95% CI 1.8–256] P=.02 and 8.1 [95% CI 1.5–78] P=.01, respectively).ConclusionsQuantitative RT‐MPE performed comparably to CMR for prediction of MACE in STEMI patients supporting a prognostic role for this noninvasive, bedside imaging method.
A superimposed cohesive zone model for investigating the fracture properties of concrete–asphalt interface debonding
Authors: Mu F , Vandenbossche J 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA cohesive zone model is proposed to simulate the interface debonding, a preponderant cause of failure for bonded concrete overlay of asphalt (BCOA). The model is constructed by superimposing four root models, each representing the mechanism of one subcritical failure at the interface zone observed in laboratory experiments. The model parameters are established through an inverse analysis of wedge splitting tests performed on BCOA specimens. These inputs are mainly a function of the materials at the interface zone, such as microtexture and macrotexture, and thus can be expected to be applicable to the numerical simulation of a full scale BCOA slab. For modeling across scales, the impact of specimen size, milling depth and initial flaw size on the model, in terms of peak traction and fracture energy, is also discussed.
Differences in the effect of exercise interventions between prefrail older adults and older adults without frailty: A pilot study
Authors: Takano Eiko , Teranishi Toshio , Watanabe Toyoaki , Ohno Kensuke , Kitaji Shiko , Sawa Shunji , Kanada Yoshikiyo , Toba Kenji , Kondo Izumi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimWe aimed to clarify whether there are differences in the effect of exercise interventions between prefrail older adults and older adults without frailty.MethodsThe participants were community‐dwelling older adults (mean age 75.1 ± 5.1 years). The participants were instructed to use a training method at home to prevent frailty. The effects of the intervention were evaluated at 4 months. Outcome measures were the Timed Up and Go test, grip strength, one leg balance, knee extension strength and the fall risk index. The present study used the criteria for frailty status of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology in Japan. The studied sample included prefrail participants (n = 17) and robust participants (n = 24). We compared the value of outcome measures before and after the intervention in each group using two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsThere were significant differences for the group effect for one leg balance (P < 0.01), and there were significant differences for the time effect for Timed Up and Go, one leg balance and knee extension strength (P < 0.01). In these outcomes, there were no significant interactions between frailty status and intervention. Four prefrail participants (mean age 78.0 ± 3.8 years) returned to the robust status after the intervention. No participants became frail.ConclusionsThese results suggest that we can expect similar interventional effects for prefrail older adults and robust older adults. It is important that a frail status be prevented in prefrail older adults by using an exercise intervention. Further studies are required to determine the different effects of exercise intervention on prefrail status compared with frailty status in community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1265–1269.
Thermoluminescence features of alumina‐mixed borophosphate glasses with Tb3+ ions for dosimetric applications
Authors: Kalpana Tirumalasetti , Sanyal Bhaskar , Gandhi Yerramreddy , Ravi Kumar Vandana , Baskaran Gnanamuthu S. , Bragiel Piotr , Piasecki Michal , Veeraiah Nalluri 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAmorphous barium borophosphate materials doped with small quantity of terbium ions and with the addition of some amounts of alumina were prepared. Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of these glasses were investigated after irradiating them with different doses of γ‐rays (in the range 0.5‐8.0 kGy). The TL emission exhibited a dosimetric peak at about 210°C. The TL output under this glow peak is observed to increase with the γ‐ray dose. For any fixed γ‐ray dose, the TL output is increased with increase in Al2O3 content up to 3.0 mol%, and beyond this concentration, quenching of TL is visualized. The dose response of TL output of these glasses exhibited linear behavior in the dose range 0.5‐4.0 kGy. The mechanisms responsible for TL emission and the variation of TL output with the concentration of Al2O3 are quantitatively discussed in terms of structural defects induced during γ‐ray irradiation. Finally, it is concluded that these glasses are potential materials for dosimetry applications in the dose range 0.5‐4.0 kGy.
Tacrolimus prevents murine cerebral malaria
Authors: Bao Lam Quoc , Nhi Dang My , Huy Nguyen Tien , Hamano Shinjiro , Hirayama Kenji 
Published: August 2016

SummaryTacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil are immunosuppressants frequently used in human organ transplantation. Tacrolimus is also reported to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro. Here, we report that tacrolimus prevented the death from cerebral malaria of Plasmodium berghei ANKA‐infected C57BL/6J mice, but not their death from malaria due to the high parasitaemia and severe anaemia. The mycophenolate mofetil‐treated mice showed higher mortality from cerebral malaria and succumbed to malaria earlier than tacrolimus‐treated littermates. Tacrolimus attenuated the infiltration of mononuclear cells including pathogenic CD8+ T cells into the brain. It appears to prevent murine cerebral malaria through the inhibition of cerebral infiltration of CD8+ T cells.
The impact of surgical site occurrences and the role of closed incision negative pressure therapy
Authors: Willy Christian , Engelhardt Michael , Stichling Marcus , Grauhan Onnen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSurgical site occurrences are observed in up to 60% of inpatient surgical procedures in industrialised countries. The most relevant postoperative complication is surgical site infection (SSI) because of its impact on patient outcomes and enormous treatment costs. Literature reviews (‘SSI’, ‘deep sternal wound infections’ (DSWI), ‘closed incision negative pressure wound therapy’ (ciNPT) were performed by electronically searching MEDLINE (PubMed) and subsequently using a ‘snowball’ method of continued searches of the references in the identified publications. Search criteria included publications in all languages, various study types and publication in a peer‐reviewed journal. The SSI literature search identified 1325, the DSWI search 590 and the ciNPT search 103 publications that fulfilled the search criteria. Patient‐related SSI risk factors (diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, hypertension, female gender) and operation‐related SSI risk factors (re‐exploration, emergency operations, prolonged ventilation, prolonged operation duration) exist. We found that patient‐ and operation‐related SSI risk factors were often different for each speciality and/or operative procedure. Based on the evidence, we found that high‐risk incisions (sternotomy and incisions in extremities after high‐energy open trauma) are principally recommended for ciNPT use. In ‘lower’‐risk incisions, the addition of patient‐related or operation‐related risk factors justifies the application of ciNPT.
Wound bed preparation: TIME for an update
Authors: Harries Rhiannon L , Bosanquet David C , Harding Keith G 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhile the overwhelming majority of wounds heal rapidly, a significant proportion fail to progress through the wound‐healing process. These resultant chronic wounds cause considerable morbidity and are costly to treat. Wound bed preparation, summarised by the TIME (Tissue, Inflammation/infection, Moisture imbalance, Epithelial edge advancement) concept, is a systematic approach for assessing chronic wounds. Each of these components needs to be addressed and optimised to improve the chances of successful wound closure. We present an up‐to‐date literature review of the most important recent aspects of wound bed preparation. While there are many novel therapies that are available to the treating clinician, often, there are limited data on which to assess their clinical value, and a lack of appreciation for adequate wound bed preparation needed before expensive therapy is used to heal a wound.
The EU's Power in the Russia–Ukraine Crisis: Enabled or Constrained?
Authors: Karolewski Ireneusz Pawel , Cross Mai'a K. Davis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe article presents conclusions of this Special Issue. It first summarizes the empirical findings of the individual contributions to this Special Issue in terms of whether EU power was enabled or constrained in response to the crisis. Second, the article synthesizes these findings to advance some overarching arguments about the EU as an actor in this crisis, and the types of power that were evident in this case. Third, it examines the significance of the study overall, and highlights some key policy implications. Finally, the article takes a broader perspective, and suggests that this framework is valuable more generally for understanding how various crises might impact the EU as a foreign policy actor.
Getting Patients Walking: A Pilot Study of Mobilizing Older Adult Patients via a Nurse‐Driven Intervention
Authors: King Barbara J. , Steege Linsey M. , Winsor Katie , VanDenbergh Shelly , Brown Cynthia J. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo develop a system‐based intervention including five components that target barriers to nurse‐initiated patient ambulation.DesignPilot study of Mobilizing Older adult patients VIa a Nurse‐driven intervention (MOVIN).SettingTwenty‐six bed general medical unit.ParticipantsNursing staff (registered nurses and certified nursing assistants) were recruited to participate in focus groups.MeasurementsInformation on frequency and distance patients ambulated and nursing staff documentation of patient ambulation were retrieved from the electronic medical record. Regression discontinuity analysis was used to determine a difference between the preintervention and intervention periods in ambulation occurrence, ambulation distance, and percentage of numeric documentation of ambulation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze focus group interviews.ResultsA statistically significant increase in number of occurrences (t = 4.18, P = .001) and total distance (t = 2.75, P = .01) and a significantly higher positive slope in percentage of numeric documentation was found during the intervention than before the intervention. Thematic analysis identified three central categories (shifting ownership, feeling supported, making ambulation visible) that describe the effect of MOVIN on nursing staff behaviors and perceptions of the intervention.ConclusionDecreasing loss of independent ambulation in hospitalized older adults requires new and innovative approaches to addressing barriers that prevent nurse‐initiated patient ambulation. MOVIN is a promising system‐based intervention to promoting patient ambulation and improving outcomes for hospitalized older adults.
Developmental trajectories of structural and pragmatic language skills in school‐aged children with Williams syndrome
Authors: Van Den Heuvel E. , Manders E. , Swillen A. , Zink I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare developmental courses of structural and pragmatic language skills in school‐aged children with Williams syndrome (WS) and children with idiopathic intellectual disability (IID). Comparison of these language trajectories could highlight syndrome‐specific developmental features.MethodTwelve monolingual Dutch‐speaking children with WS aged 5.10 to 13.3 years were assessed by means of standardised structural language tests measuring receptive and expressive vocabulary and sentence comprehension and production. Pragmatic language was evaluated by means of an expressive referential communication task and a retelling test. All of these language abilities were re‐evaluated with the same measures after a period of 18 to 24 months. Performance was compared to 12 children with IID pairwise matched for chronological age (CA) and non‐verbal fluid reasoning (Gf) at Time 1. Non‐verbal mental age (NVMA) was taken into account when delineating developmental trajectories.ResultsChildren with WS outperformed children with IID on expressive vocabulary development. In contrast, sentence comprehension was significantly poorer than in children with IID at the second time point. Increased variability and rather poor performance on pragmatic language tasks were demonstrated in the WS group. Irrelevant and off‐topic extraneous information transfer continued to be a syndrome‐specific characteristic of children with WS.ConclusionThe data provide new insights into diverging developmental trajectories across language domains. Expressive structural language skills tend to progress more rapidly than receptive language skills in children with WS causing more distinctive language profiles over time. Some children with WS seem to benefit from the growth in expressive structural language abilities to enhance their expressive pragmatic language skills, while in some others these abilities remain challenging. This study highlights the need for continued follow‐up of language challenges in WS and for a dynamic and individualised interventional approach.
3D analysis of synaptic vesicle density and distribution after acute foot‐shock stress by using serial section transmission electron microscopy
Authors: KHANMOHAMMADI M. , DARKNER S. , NAVA N. , NYENGAARD J.R. , WEGENER G. , POPOLI M. , SPORRING J. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBehavioural stress has shown to strongly affect neurotransmission within the neocortex. In this study, we analysed the effect of an acute stress model on density and distribution of neurotransmitter‐containing vesicles within medial prefrontal cortex. Serial section transmission electron microscopy was employed to compare two groups of male rats: (1) rats subjected to foot‐shock stress and (2) rats with sham stress as control group. Two‐dimensional (2D) density measures are common in microscopic images and are estimated by following a 2D path in‐section. However, this method ignores the slant of the active zone and thickness of the section. In fact, the active zone is a surface in three‐dimension (3D) and the 2D measures do not accurately reflect the geometric configuration unless the active zone is perpendicular to the sectioning angle. We investigated synaptic vesicle density as a function of distance from the active zone in 3D. We reconstructed a 3D dataset by estimating the thickness of all sections and by registering all the image sections into a common coordinate system. Finally, we estimated the density as the average number of vesicles per area and volume and modelled the synaptic vesicle distribution by fitting a one‐dimensional parametrized distribution that took into account the location uncertainty due to section thickness. Our results showed a clear structural difference in synaptic vesicle density and distribution between stressed and control group with improved separation by 3D measures in comparison to the 2D measures. Our results showed that acute foot‐shock stress exposure significantly affected both the spatial distribution and density of the synaptic vesicles within the presynaptic terminal.
EXCHANGE RATE‐BASED STABILIZATIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Aytaç Özlem 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe exchange rate‐based stabilizations (ERBSs) that have been undertaken in chronic inflation countries have generated a controversial body of literature regarding the effects of disinflation programs, especially those on real consumption and output. This survey provides an extensive overview of the literature on ERBS. The paper covers various empirical studies that have attempted to document the macroeconomic regularities associated with ERBS, discussing both their strengths and their weaknesses. It analyzes diverse theoretical models that have been put forward to replicate the business cycles associated with ERBS, and sheds light on which models perform better using real data. The results suggest that durables incorporated weak credibility and sticky price model proves to be most compatible with the empirical regularities observed in the course of ERBS.
THE IMPACT OF LOCAL WAGE REGULATION ON EMPLOYMENT: A BORDER ANALYSIS FROM ITALY IN THE 1950s*
Authors: de Blasio Guido , Poy Samuele 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper measures the impact of wage zones—compulsory wage differentials at the province level—on Italy's local labor markets during the 1950s. Using spatial regression techniques, it finds that for the industrial sectors covered under wage zones there was an increase in employment when one crossed the border from a high‐wage province into a low‐wage one; the effect diminished, however, as the distance from the boundary increased. The paper also illustrates that the impact on the overall (nonfarm) private sector, which includes both covered and uncovered sectors, was negligible.