bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer‐related hair loss: a selective review of the alopecia research literature
Authors: Dua Priya , Heiland Mark F. , Kracen Amanda C. , Deshields Teresa L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveAlopecia is a common side effect of cancer treatment, affecting approximately 65% of patients. Healthcare providers and allied staff recognize that alopecia is distressing for people with cancer; however, they are often unaware of the extent of distress or the great efforts expended by patients to cope with hair loss. This study reviews the existing literature regarding the psychosocial impact of alopecia on cancer survivors and the coping strategies they use to manage hair loss.MethodsWe searched for studies examining the psychosocial effects of alopecia on cancer survivors using PubMed and PsycInfo databases and Google Scholar.ResultsA total of 36 peer‐reviewed articles were deemed relevant to be included in this review. In this review, alopecia was consistently ranked as one of the most distressing side effects of cancer treatment. Survivors report that hair loss disrupts how they experience their bodies, interact with others, and conceptualize their body image beyond treatment. Although upsetting for both genders, the scarce literature that exists suggests that there may be some gender‐specific aspects of experiencing cancer‐related hair loss. Cancer survivors cope with alopecia in numerous ways and often rely on strategies such as concealment, social support, social avoidance, information seeking, and behavioral rehearsal.ConclusionsTreatment‐induced alopecia negatively affects millions of survivors each year in unique and nuanced ways. We hope that survivors' healthcare providers and loved ones may better appreciate the psychosocial challenges they experience related to hair loss, as well as the strategies they use to cope. Further research is much needed to better understand cancer‐related alopecia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antitumor effects of deguelin on H460 human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: Roles of apoptotic cell death and H460 tumor xenografts model
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Chieh , Chiang Jo‐Hua , Yu Chun‐Shu , Hsia Te‐Chun , Wu Rick Sai‐Chuen , Lien Jin‐Cherng , Lai Kuang‐Chi , Yu Fu‐Shun , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTDeguelin, a naturally occurring rotenoid of the flavonoid family, is known to be an Akt inhibitor, to have chemopreventive activities and anti‐tumor effect on several cancers. In this study, investigation to elucidate the effect of deguelin on apoptotic pathways in human lung cancer cells and on the anti‐tumor effect in lung cancer xenograft nu/nu mice was performed. In vitro studies, found that deguelin induced cell morphological changes, and decreased the percentage of viability through the induction of apoptosis in H460 lung cancer cells. Deguelin triggered apoptosis in H460 cells was also confirmed by DAPI staining, DNA gel electrophoresis, and Annexin V‐FITC staining and these effects are dose‐dependent manners. It was also found that deguelin promoted the Ca2+ production and activation of caspase‐3 but decreased the level of ΔΨm in H460 cells. Western blots indicated that the protein levels of cytochrome c, AIF, and pro‐apoptotic Bax and Bak protein were increased, but the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐x were decreased that may have led to apoptosis in H460 cells after exposure to deguelin. It was also confirmed by confocal laser microscope examination that deguelin promoted the release of AIF from mitochondria to cytosol. In vivo studies, found that in immunodeficient nu/nu mice bearing H460 tumor xenografts showed that the deguelin significantly suppressed tumor growth. Deguelin might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer in the future. This finding might fully support a critical event for deguelin via induction of apoptotic cell death and H460 tumor xenografts model against human lung cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 84–98, 2017.
Statistical methods for complex event processing and real time decision making
Authors: Tendick Patrick H. , Denby Lorraine , Ju Wen‐Hua 
Published: November 2015

While there has been a lot of attention paid recently to big data, in which data is written to massive repositories for later analysis, there also is a rapidly increasing amount of data available in the form of data streams or events. Data streams typically represent very recent measurements or current system states. Events represent things that happen, often in the context of computer processing. When processing data streams or events, we often need to make decisions in real time. Complex event processing (CEP) is an important area of computer science that provides powerful tools for processing events and analyzing data streams. CEP deals with events that can be comprised of other events and can model complex phenomena like a user's interactions with a web site or a stock market crash. In the current literature, CEP is almost entirely deterministic, that is, it does not account for randomness or rely on statistical methods. However, statistics and machine learning have a critical role to play in the use of data streams and events. Also, understanding how CEP works is critical to analyzing data based on complex events. When processing data streams, a distinction must be made between analysis, the human activity in which we try to gain understanding of an underlying process, and decision making, in which we apply knowledge to data to decide what action to take. Useful statistical techniques for data streams include smoothing, generalized additive models, change point detection, and classification methods. WIREs Comput Stat 2016, 8:5–26. doi: 10.1002/wics.1372This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Streaming Data
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Streaming Data Mining
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Population genomics of yeasts: towards a comprehensive view across a broad evolutionary scale
Authors: Peter Jackson , Schacherer Joseph 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWith the advent of high‐throughput technologies for sequencing, the complete description of the genetic variation that occurs in populations, also known as population genomics, is foreseeable but far from being reached. Explaining the forces that govern patterns of genetic variation is essential to elucidate the evolutionary history of species. Genetic variation results from a wide assortment of evolutionary forces, among which mutation, selection, recombination and drift play major roles in shaping genomes. In addition, exploring the genetic variation within a population also corresponds to the first step towards dissecting the genotype–phenotype relationship. In this context, yeast species are of particular interest because they represent a unique resource for studying the evolution of intraspecific genetic diversity in a phylum spanning a broad evolutionary scale. Here, we briefly review recent progress in yeast population genomics and provide some perspective on this rapidly evolving field. In fact, we truly believe that it is of interest to supplement comparative and early population genomic studies with the deep sequencing of more extensive sets of individuals from the same species. In parallel, it would be more than valuable to uncover the intraspecific variation of a large number of unexplored species, including those that are closely and more distantly related. Altogether, these data would enable substantially more powerful genomic scans for functional dissection. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery of the herbaceous layer in the young silver birch and black alder stands that developed spontaneously after a forest fire
Authors: Orczewska Anna , Prukop Marcin , Strzelczyk Adriana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe studies, which were conducted in southern Poland, focused on the recovery of the herb layer in 17‐year‐old post‐fire silver birch and black alder forests. Although both types of stands, which are of the same age, developed spontaneously, the alder stands occupied damper sites (with thicker A horizons that survived the fire) than those in the birch forests. We surveyed the migration rates of 44 woodland species, primarily ancient woodland indicators, into both forests and the potential differences in these rates depending on their moisture regime and the community type represented by unburned forests, which were treated as the source of the woodland species pool. Additionally, the role of local depressions with high humidity that were covered by post‐fire alder woods in the colonization process, as well as species survivorship and recolonisation, were estimated. Woodland species showed diverse migration paces among the sites; most of them migrated faster on more fertile sites with a higher humidity. Small patches of post‐fire alder woods contributed to the recolonisation process since many woodland species in the herb layer survived the fire due to its high humidity, which inhibited the intensity of the forest fire. The recovery of woodland species in post‐fire woods is the combined effect of regeneration, which relies on autochthonic propagules, and secondary succession, which is based on allochthonic propagules. Local depressions, which provide refuges for fire‐sensitive, dispersal‐limited species, contribute to their survivorship and thus to the successive recovery of herbaceous layers after a fire.
Rare primitive deuterostomes from the Cambrian (Series 3) of Utah
Authors: Conway Morris Simon , Halgedahl Susan L. , Selden Paul , Jarrard Richard D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe fossil record of early deuterostome history largely depends on soft-bodied material that is generally rare and often of controversial status. Banffiids and vetulicystids exemplify these problems. From the Cambrian (Series 3) of Utah, we describe specimens of Banffia episoma n. sp. (from the Spence Shale) and Thylacocercus ignota n. gen. n. sp. (from the Wheeler Formation). The new species of Banffia Walcott, 1911 shows significant differences to the type species (B. constricta Walcott, 1911) from the Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) Burgess Shale, notably in possessing a prominent posterior unit but diminished anterior section. Not only does this point to a greater diversity of form among the banffiids, but also B. episoma indicates that the diagnostic median constriction and crossover of either side of the body are unlikely to be the result of taphonomic twisting but are original features. Comparisons extend also to the Cambrian (Series 2) Heteromorphus Luo and Hu in Luo et al., 1999 and, collectively, these observations support an assignment of the banffiids to the vetulicolians. The new taxon T. ignota represents the first discovery of a vetulicystid from beyond China and also significantly extends its stratigraphic range from Series 2 Cambrian into Series 3 Cambrian. Despite overall similarities in bodyplan, T. ignota differs from other vetulicystids in a number of respects, notably the possession of an anterior zone with broad tentacle-like structures. This new discovery is consistent with the vetulicystids representing stem-group ambulacrarians.
Modulational instability of a laser pulse in a non-uniform plasma channel
Authors: Panwar Anuraj , Ryu Chang-Mo , Kumar Ashok 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA self-guided Gaussian laser pulse propagating in a non-uniform plasma channel is unstable to a plasma wave perturbation co-moving with the laser with its group velocity. The plasma wave amplitude has a maximum radial profile along the laser propagation axis. As the plasma wave propagates through a non-uniform plasma channel, the plasma wave perturbation causes focusing in the part of the laser that propagates with the electron density trough and defocusing in the part moving with the crest. This yields an axial gradient in the intensity of the laser and produces a ponderomotive force on the electrons. The ponderomotive force drives the plasma wave, which in turn makes the modulational instability grow. The growth rate of the modulational instability becomes larger with the increase in non-uniformity of a shallow plasma channel. In a deep cavitated plasma channel the growth rate of the modulational instability increases with the laser pulse amplitude.
Impact of Lightning Strikes on Hospital Functions
Authors: Mortelmans Luc J.M. , Springel Gert L.J. Van , Boxstael Sam Van , Herrijgers Jan , Hoflack Stefaan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo regional hospitals were struck by lightning during a one-month period. The first hospital, which had 236 beds, suffered a direct strike to the building. This resulted in a direct spread of the power peak and temporary failure of the standard power supply.The principle problems, after restoring standard power supply, were with the fire alarm system and peripheral network connections in the digital radiology systems. No direct impact on the hardware could be found. Restarting the servers resolved all problems. The second hospital, which had 436 beds, had a lightning strike on the premises and mainly experienced problems due to induction. All affected installations had a cable connection from outside in one way or another. The power supplies never were endangered. The main problem was the failure of different communication systems (telephone, radio, intercom, fire alarm system). Also, the electronic entrance control went out. During the days after the lightening strike, multiple software problems became apparent, as well as failures of the network connections controlling the technical support systems. There are very few ways to prepare for induction problems. The use of fiberoptic networks can limit damage. To the knowledge of the authors, these are the first cases of lightning striking hospitals in medical literature.
Acute Stress Symptoms, Dissociation, and Depression among Rescue Personnel 24 Hours after the Bet-Yehoshua Train Crash in Israel: The Effects of Gender
Authors: Palgi Yuval , Ben-Ezra Menachem , Essar Nir , Sofer Hilik , Haber Yeela 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroduction:The effect of immediate exposure to traumatic events and gender differences is under-studied in the literature. Most studies focus on acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) phases in order to measure gender differences, and tend to neglect the immediate expo-sure to the disaster.Hypothesis:The main hypothesis was that female rescue personnel would exhibit higher levels of acute stress symptoms, dissociation, and depressive symptoms in the 24 hours following a traumatic event.Methods:Twenty-three rescue personnel participated in a search and rescue operation at the Bet-Yehoshua train crash in Israel. The rescue personnel group was divided based on gender. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire including questions that assessed psychological symptoms and issues such as perceived threat to life, the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), and the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression questionnaire (CES-D). Statistical inferences were calculated using t-tests and chi-square tests, along with testing of covariance (MANCOVA) in order to indentify which factors are related to psychiatric symptomatology following the immediate exposure to disaster.Results:The results suggest that among rescue personnel, women did not differ in their levels of acute stress, dissociation, and depressive symptoms from men.Conclusions:These results suggest the possibility that the gender differences in reactions to traumatic events do not emerge in the acute stress reactions (ASR) phase (up to 24 hours after the event), but later on when people have time to process the trauma. Another possibility that may explain the discrepancy between this study and the common knowledge in the literature is that women rescue personnel are considered a highly selected group, which does not reflect on the general population of women. More studies are needed in order to substantiate these results.
Evidence-Based Decision-Making (Part II): Applications in Disaster Relief Operations
Authors: Bradt David A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRecognized limitations to data in disaster management have led to dozens of initiatives to strengthen data gathering and decision-making during disasters. These initiatives are complicated by fundamental problems of definitions of terms, ambiguity of concepts, lack of standardization in methods of data collection, and inadequate attempts to strengthen the analytic capability of field organizations. Cross-cutting issues in needs assessment, coordination, and evaluation illustrate additional recurring challenges in dealing with evidence in humanitarian assistance. These challenges include lack of agency expertise, dyscoordination at the field level, inappropriate reliance on indicators that measure process rather than outcome, flawed scientific inference, and erosion of the concept of minimum standards.Decision-making in disaster management currently places a premium on expert or eminence-based decisions. By contrast, scientific advances in disaster medicine call for evidence-based decisions whose strength of evidence is established by the methods of data acquisition. At present, disaster relief operations may be data driven, but that does not mean that they are soundly evidence-based.Options for strengthening evidence-based activities include rigorously adhering to evidenced-based interventions, using evidence-based tools to identify new approaches to problems of concern, studying model programs as well as failed ones to identify approaches that deserve replication, and improving standards for evidence of effectiveness in disaster science and services.
Moral Experience of Canadian Healthcare Professionals in Humanitarian Work
Authors: Hunt Matthew R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroduction:Expatriate healthcare professionals frequently participate in international relief operations that are initiated in response to disasters due to natural hazards or humanitarian emergencies in low resource settings. This practice environment is significantly different from the healthcare delivery environment in the home countries of expatriate healthcare professionals. Human rights, public health, medicine, and ethics intersect in distinct ways as healthcare professionals provide care and services in communities affected by crisis.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to explore the moral experience of Canadian healthcare professionals during humanitarian relief work.Methods:This is a qualitative study with 18 semi-structured individual interviews based on Interpretive Description methodology. There are two groups of participants: (1) 15 healthcare professionals (nine doctors, five nurses, and one midwife) with more than three months experience in humanitarian work; and (2) three individuals who have experience as human resource or field coordination officers for humanitarian, non-governmental organizations. Participants were recruited by contacting non-governmental organizations, advertisement at the global health interest group of a national medical society, word of mouth, and a snowball sampling approach in which participants identified healthcare professionals with experience practicing in humanitarian settings who might be interested in the research.Results:Five central themes were identified during the analysis: (1) examination of motivations and expectations; (2) the relational nature of humanitarian work; (3) attending to steep power imbalances; (4) acknowledging and confronting the limits of what is possible in a particular setting; and (5) recognition of how organizational forms and structures shape everyday moral experience.Discussion:Humanitarian relief work is a morally complex activity. Healthcare professionals who participate in humanitarian relief activities, or who are contemplating embarking on a humanitarian project, will benefit from carefully considering the moral dimensions of this work. Humanitarian organizations should address the moral experiences of healthcare professionals in staff recruitment, as they implement training prior to departure, and in supporting healthcare professionals in the field.
Primary health care registered nurses’ types in implementation of health promotion practices
Authors: Maijala Virpi , Tossavainen Kerttu , Turunen Hannele 
Published: November 2015

AimThis study aimed to identify and reach consensus among primary health care participants [registered nurses (RNs) who receive clients, directors of nursing, senior physicians, health promotion officers, and local councillors] on the types of service provider that RNs who receive clients represent in the implementation of health promotion practices in primary health care in Eastern Finland.BackgroundThere is an increasing focus on public health thinking in many countries as the population ages. To meet the growing needs of the health promotion practices of populations, advance practice has been recognized as effective in the primary health care setting. The advance practice nurses share many common features, such as being RNs with additional education, possessing competencies to work independently, treating clients in both acute and primary care settings, and applying a variety of health promotion practices into nursing.MethodsThe two-stage modified Delphi method was applied. In round one, semi-structured interviews were conducted among primary health care participants (n=42) in 11 health centres in Eastern Finland. In round two, a questionnaire survey was conducted in the same health centres. The questionnaire was answered by 64% of those surveyed (n=56). For data analysis, content analysis and descriptive statistics were used.FindingsThis study resulted in four types of service provider that RNs who receive clients represented in the implementation of health promotion practices in the primary health care setting in Eastern Finland. First, the client-oriented health promoter demonstrated four dimensions, which reached consensus levels ranging between 82.1 and 89.3%. Second, the developer of health promotion practices comprised four dimensions, which reached consensus levels between 71.4 and 85.7%. Third, the member of multi-professional teams of health promotion practices representing three dimensions, with consensus levels between 69.6 and 82.1%. Fourth, the type who showed interest towards health policy reached a consensus level of 55.4% in this study.
Solution-printed organic semiconductor blends exhibiting transport properties on par with single crystals
Authors: Niazi Muhammad R. , Li Ruipeng , Qiang Li Er , Kirmani Ahmad R. , Abdelsamie Maged , Wang Qingxiao , Pan Wenyang , Payne Marcia M. , Anthony John E. , Smilgies Detlef-M. , Thoroddsen Sigurdur T. , Giannelis Emmanuel P. , Amassian Aram 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSolution-printed organic semiconductors have emerged in recent years as promising contenders for roll-to-roll manufacturing of electronic and optoelectronic circuits. The stringent performance requirements for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) in terms of carrier mobility, switching speed, turn-on voltage and uniformity over large areas require performance currently achieved by organic single-crystal devices, but these suffer from scale-up challenges. Here we present a new method based on blade coating of a blend of conjugated small molecules and amorphous insulating polymers to produce OTFTs with consistently excellent performance characteristics (carrier mobility as high as 6.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, low threshold voltages of<1 V and low subthreshold swings <0.5 V dec−1). Our findings demonstrate that careful control over phase separation and crystallization can yield solution-printed polycrystalline organic semiconductor films with transport properties and other figures of merit on par with their single-crystal counterparts.