bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired peripheral nerve regeneration in type‐2 diabetic mouse model
Authors: Pham Vuong M. , Tu Nguyen Huu , Katano Tayo , Matsumura Shinji , Saito Akira , Yamada Akihiro , Furue Hidemasa , Ito Seiji 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy is one of the most common and serious complications of type‐2 diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy is characterized by a distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy, and its incidence increases in patients 40 years of age or older. In spite of extensive research over decades, there are few effective treatments for diabetic neuropathy besides glucose control and improved lifestyle. The earliest changes in diabetic neuropathy occur in sensory nerve fibers, with initial degeneration and regeneration resulting in pain. To seek its effective treatment, here we prepared a type‐2 diabetic mouse model by giving mice 2 injections of streptozotocin and nicotinamide and examining the ability for nerve regeneration by using a sciatic nerve transection‐regeneration model previously established by us. Seventeen weeks after the last injection, the mice exhibited symptoms of type‐2 diabetes, that is, impaired glucose tolerance, decreased insulin level, mechanical hyperalgesia, and impaired sensory nerve fibers in the plantar skin. These mice showed delayed functional recovery and nerve regeneration by 2 weeks compared with young healthy mice and by 1 week compared with age‐matched non‐diabetic mice after axotomy. Furthermore, type‐2 diabetic mice displayed increased expression of PTEN in their DRG neurons. Administration of a PTEN inhibitor at the cutting site of the nerve for 4 weeks promoted the axonal transport and functional recovery remarkably. This study demonstrates that peripheral nerve regeneration was impaired in type‐2 diabetic model and that its combination with sciatic nerve transection is suitable for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of early diabetic neuropathy.
Numerical time‐domain modelling of hoof–ground interaction during the stance phase
Authors: Behnke R. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundHoof‐ground interaction impacts on the health and performance characteristics of horses. Due to complex interactions between hoof and ground during the stance phase, previous experimentally dominated studies concentrated on subproblems of the phenomena observed. A multidisciplinary methodology with mathematical modelling, material testing and in vivo experimental measurements seems promising.ObjectivesWith the help of a mathematical approach, this contribution aims to explain from a biomechanical point of view the phenomena observed during experimental investigations (hoof acceleration, interacting forces) and aims to contribute to an overall experimental‐mathematical multidisciplinary approach.Study designIn silico modelling of hoof–ground interaction (limb, hoof and horizontally unbounded ground).MethodsHoof‐ground interaction is represented by a time‐domain finite element model including the limb, the hoof and the unbounded representation of the ground via the scaled boundary finite element method to capture radiation damping during the stance phase. Motoric forces (driving forces) of the horse during locomotion are included.ResultsNumerical model results for acceleration–time relations (hoof) at different trotting velocities are compared with previously published acceleration–time relations and show qualitative agreement. From the model approach, power loss due to different ground properties and ground damping is computed in combination with the maximum limb force during the stance phase.Main limitationsIntentionally, a simplified model approach for the material and structural representation of the limb, the hoof and the ground in terms of material features and spatial resolution has been used for this study, which might be the basis for a model refinement in terms of contact properties as well as the integration of bone and joint structures.ConclusionsThe comparison to experimentally obtained results demonstrates the applicability of the model, which, in turn, enables an insight into the processes taking place during hoof–ground interaction.
Concordance in BRAF V600E status over time in malignant melanoma and corresponding metastases
Authors: Nielsen Line B , Dabrosin Nina , Sloth Karen , Bønnelykke–Behrndtz Marie L , Steiniche Torben , Lade‐Keller Johanne 
Published: November 2017

AimsThe aims of the present study were to analyse the usability of an immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis as compared with a frequently used mutation detection analysis, and to examine the extent of intratumour and intertumour heterogeneity of BRAF V600E in primary tumours and their corresponding metastases. In the development of intertumour heterogeneity between the primary tumour and the corresponding metastases, time as a factor was also investigated.Methods and resultsIn total, 227 samples from 224 melanoma patients were analysed with both the Cobas 4800 BRAF V600 Mutation Test and IHC anti‐BRAF V600E staining. In 82 primary tumours and 224 corresponding metastases, the extents of intertumour and intratumour heterogeneity were investigated with IHC staining. In 15 cases, disagreement between IHC analysis and the Cobas test was seen. In all but one of the examined patients, homogeneity between the primary tumour and the corresponding metastasis was found. Except for this one case, no heterogeneity developed over longer periods.ConclusionIHC analysis can be safely used as a BRAF pretreatment screening tool, and no additional test is needed when staining is positive. However, if stains are negative, additional tests are essential for detection of other BRAF mutations. We suggest that using primary melanoma tissues is just as safe as using metastatic tissue for detection of BRAF V600E, as BRAF intertumour heterogeneity is extremely rare. In addition, the time between diagnosis of the primary tumour and diagnosis of the corresponding metastasis seems not to increase the risk of intertumour heterogeneity.
Biphasic papillary renal cell carcinoma is a rare morphological variant with frequent multifocality: a study of 28 cases
Authors: Trpkov Kiril , Athanazio Daniel , Magi‐Galluzzi Cristina , Yilmaz Helene , Clouston David , Agaimy Abbas , Williamson Sean R , Brimo Fadi , Lopez Jose I , Ulamec Monika , Rioux‐Leclercq Nathalie , Kassem Maysoun , Gupta Nilesh , Hartmann Arndt , Leroy Xavier , Bashir Samir Al , Yilmaz Asli , Hes Ondřej 
Published: November 2017

AimsTo further characterise biphasic squamoid renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a recently proposed variant of papillary RCC.Methods and resultsWe identified 28 tumours from multiple institutions. They typically showed two cell populations—larger cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and higher‐grade nuclei, surrounded by smaller, amphophilic cells with scanty cytoplasm. The dual morphology was variable (median 72.5% of tumour, range 5–100%); emperipolesis was found in all cases. The male/female ratio was 2:1, and the median age was 55 years (range 39–86 years). The median tumour size was 20 mm (range 9–65 mm). Pathological stage pT1a was found in 21 cases, pT1b in three, and pT3a and pT3b in one each (two not available). Multifocality was found in 32%: multifocal biphasic RCC in one case, biphasic + papillary RCC in two cases, biphasic + clear cell RCC in three cases, biphasic + low‐grade urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis in one case, and biphasic + Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome in one case. Positive immunostains included: PAX8, cytokeratin (CK) 7, α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase, epithelial membrane antigen, and vimentin. Cyclin D1 was expressed only in the larger cells. The Ki67 index was higher in the larger cells (median 5% versus ≤1%). Negative stains included: carbonic anhydrase 9, CD117, GATA‐3, WT1, CK5/6, and CK20; CD10 and 34βE12 were variably expressed. Gains of chromosomes 7 and 17 were found in two evaluated cases. Follow‐up was available for 23 patients (median 24 months, range 1–244 months): 19 were alive without disease, one was alive with recurrence, and one had died of disease (two had died of other causes).ConclusionsBiphasic papillary RCC is a rare variant of papillary RCC, and is often multifocal.
Hygiene practices in removable prosthodontics: A systematic review
Authors: Papadiochou S , Polyzois G 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the recent scientific evidence about the hygiene practices of removable prostheses relative to the effectiveness, colour and dimensional stability. This review aimed also to identify patients' attitudes and habits towards denture hygiene.MethodsThree electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library) were screened, in English language, between January 1995 and December 2016. A supplementary hand search in the reference list of the identified articles was also performed. Controlled clinical trials (CCTs) involving patients with no clinical signs of denture stomatitis along with a comprehensive aim to assess the effectiveness of hygiene interventions and their impact on prosthesis colour and dimensional stability were eligible for inclusion.ResultsFollowing a thorough screening of titles/abstracts/full texts and consideration of the defined inclusion criteria, 21 CCTs examined the effectiveness of the hygiene approaches, 3 evaluated the colour stability of dentures subjected to hygiene practices, 2 examined the dimensional stability of dentures following microwave disinfection and 30 studies registered patients' attitudes and habits towards denture hygiene.ConclusionsCombined application of different hygiene interventions, including brushing or ultrasound vibration in conjunction with chemical agents, leads to more effective outcomes (reduction in denture biofilm percentage and/or number of microorganisms' colony‐forming units). The dimensional stability seems to be unaltered, but the number of clinical trials was limited. Critical concentrations of cleansing solutions along with the duration of their implementation influence the serviceability of dentures regarding colour stability. Brushing represents the most commonly applied hygiene practice, while denture wearers' attitudes are not complied with the recommended guidelines considering the reported frequency of hygiene practices and the continuous denture wear.
Short‐term storage stability of NaOCl solutions when combined with Dual Rinse HEDP
Authors: Zollinger A. , Mohn D. , Zeltner M. , Zehnder M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the stability of NaOCl solutions when combined with a novel product for clinical use, Dual Rinse HEDP, which contains etidronate (1‐hydroxyethane 1,1‐diphosphonate).MethodologyMixtures of NaOCl solutions with Dual Rinse HEDP were prepared so that they initially contained 5.0%, 2.5% or 1.0% NaOCl and always 9.0% of dissolved Dual Rinse HEDP powder per total weight. NaOCl solutions alone were used as controls. The stability of these solutions over 8 h was assessed in transparent borosilicate glass bottles at ambient temperature (23 °C). Subsequently, the effects of heating (60 °C) or storing the solutions at 5 °C were studied in polypropylene syringes. NaOCl concentrations were measured by iodometric titration, that is free available chlorine contents. Experiments were performed in triplicate.ResultsIn the glass bottles at 23 °C, the 5.0% NaOCl/9.0% Dual Rinse HEDP solution lost 20% of the available chlorine after 1 h, whilst the corresponding 2.5% NaOCl and 1.0% NaOCl solutions retained this relative amount of available chlorine for 2 and 4 h, respectively. Results obtained in the glass bottles were similar to those achieved in the syringes. Heating of the NaOCl/Dual Rinse HEDP mixtures had a detrimental effect on available chlorine, with a complete loss after 1 h. In contrast, storing the NaOCl/Dual Rinse HEDP mixtures in a refrigerator at 5 °C kept the available chlorine high for 7 h, with the expected loss after a further hour of storage at 23 °C.ConclusionsInitial NaOCl concentration and temperature both affected short‐term storage stability of combined solutions containing Dual Rinse HEDP.
Perceptions of risk of coronary heart disease among people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ammouri Ali Ahmad , Abu Raddaha Ahmad H. , Natarajan Jansi , D'Souza Melba Sheila 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsOur aim is to assess perception of risk of developing coronary heart disease and to examine its associations with individuals' characteristics and health behaviours among Omani people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).BackgroundEvaluating perceptions of being at risk of developing a disease may give insight into health promotion behaviours. People with diabetes are at high risk of coronary heart disease. The management of diabetes mellitus should include prevention and control of coronary heart disease.DesignA cross‐sectional correlational study was conducted.MethodsA convenience sample of 160 adults with T2DM was invited to participate in this study between November 2014 and March 2015. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed to examine associations between study variables.ResultsPerception of risk of developing coronary heart disease was significantly associated with low educational level (β = 0.191, P < .05), low income (β = 0.201, P < .05), and high level of knowledge about diabetes mellitus (β = 0.200, P < .05). People with T2DM who perceived coronary heart disease as having few moderate known outcomes and consequences reported consuming healthy diet more frequently.ConclusionTeaching people with T2DM about the risk of developing coronary heart disease is essential as it could motivate them to perform health promotion behaviours, which may assist in controlling and reducing coronary heart disease.
A mHealth randomized controlled trial to reduce sugar‐sweetened beverage intake in preschool‐aged children
Authors: Nezami B. T. , Ward D. S. , Lytle L. A. , Ennett S. T. , Tate D. F. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundSugar‐sweetened beverages and maternal weight are strong drivers of child obesity, but few studies have targeted these risk factors as an obesity prevention strategy in children.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test the efficacy of a smartphone‐delivered intervention to reduce parent‐provided sugar‐sweetened beverage and juice (SSB/juice) consumption among children ages 3–5 and maternal weight.MethodsMothers with overweight or obesity, who had a child ages 3–5 that consumed at least 12 fl. oz./day of SSB/juice (N = 51 dyads) were randomized to the Smart Moms group that received one group session, lessons on a mobile website, and text messages, or to a waitlist control group. Mothers self‐monitored their children's beverages in addition to their own beverages, high‐calorie foods, and weight. Assessments at baseline, 3, and 6 months included dietary recalls to measure SSB/juice intake and objectively measured maternal weight.ResultsUsing linear mixed models controlling for baseline values, child age and race, there was a greater reduction in child SSB/juice in Smart Moms compared with control at 6 months (−9.7 oz./day vs. 1.7 oz./day, p < .01). Mothers in Smart Moms lost 2.4 kg at 6 months compared with a 0.9‐kg gain in the control group (p < .01).ConclusionsAn intervention delivered using mHealth technologies can target mothers to change child dietary behaviours and improve maternal weight, which suggests a novel approach to family‐based obesity prevention.
Highly porous mullite ceramics from engineered alkali activated suspensions
Authors: Rincón Romero Acacio , Elsayed Hamada , Bernardo Enrico 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAir may be easily incorporated by vigorous mechanical stirring, with the help of surfactants, of activated geopolymer‐yielding suspensions. The cellular structure is stabilized by the viscosity increase caused by curing reactions, configuring an “inorganic gel casting”. The present paper is aimed at extending this approach to mullite foams, obtained by the thermal treatment of engineered alkali activated suspensions. “Green” foams were first obtained by gel casting of a suspension for Na‐geopolymer enriched with reactive γ‐Al2O3 powders. Sodium was later extracted by ionic exchange with ammonium salts. In particular, the removal of Na+ ions was achieved by immersion in ammonium nitrate solution overnight, with retention of the cellular structure. Finally, the ion‐exchanged foams were successfully converted into pure mullite foams by application of a firing treatment at 1300°C, for 1 hour. Preliminary results concerning the extension of the concept to mullite three‐dimensional scaffolds are presented as well.
Relaxor nature in Ba5RZr3Nb7O30 (R = La, Nd, Sm) tetragonal tungsten bronze new system
Authors: Feng Wen Bin , Zhu Xiao Li , Liu Xiao Qiang , Fu Mao Sen , Ma Xiao , Jia Shu Jing , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBa5RZr3Nb7O30(R = La, Nd, Sm) lead‐free relaxor ferroelectrics were prepared by a standard solid‐state reaction process, and the influence of A and B site ion occupation on the dielectric characteristics especially the relaxor nature were investigated systematically. Tetragonal tungsten bronze structure with space group P4/mbm was determined for all compositions, ion cross distribution by Ba2+ and R3+ in A1 site was observed, while A2 site was only occupied by Ba2+. Selected area electron diffraction patterns confirmed the existence of incommensurate superlattice modulation. Furthermore, temperature and frequency dependences of the dielectric properties showed a broad permittivity peak with strong frequency dispersion, following well the Vogel‐Fulcher relationship. The maximum dielectric constant temperature increased gradually with decreasing A1 site ion size. Slim P‐E hysteresis loops were obtained at room temperature for all compositions. Meanwhile, micro ferroelectric domains were observed in Ba5SmZr3Nb7O30. For Ba4R2Zr4Nb6O30 and Ba5RZr3Nb7O30 (R = Nd, Sm), the transition from normal ferroelectric to relaxor behavior originates from the increased tA1, which is a result of cross distribution at A1 site. Compared with Ba5RTi3Nb7O30, Zr substitution at B site enhances the relaxor nature.
The journey of adult psoriasis patients towards biologics: past and present ‐ Results from the BioCAPTURE registry
Authors: van den Reek J.M.P.A. , Seyger M.M.B. , van Lümig P.P.M. , Driessen R.J.B. , Schalkwijk C.J.M. , Berends M.A.M. , van de Kerkhof P.C.M. , de Jong E.M.G.J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundA considerable disease period often precedes initiation of a biologic in patients with psoriasis. Little is known about this important period in patients’ lives. Evaluation of this ‘journey’ can reveal important insights and opportunities for physicians and healthcare decision makers.Objectives(i) To describe patient and treatment characteristics until the start of biologic treatment in patients with severe psoriasis, (ii) to assess shifts in early (2005–2009) versus established (2010–2015) biologics prescription periods, (iii) to assess changes in hospital/day care admissions before vs. after starting biologics.MethodsExplorative, retrospective study on the treatment characteristics of the disease period until first biologic, presented with descriptive statistics of patients included in the BioCAPTURE registry. Journeys of 2005–2009 and 2010–2015 were compared with statistical tests to identify important shifts.ResultsMedian TUS (time until conventional systemic) was 11.0 years and median TUB (time until biologic) was 18.9 years for all patients treated from 2005 to 2015. Most patients received three different conventional antipsoriatic systemic therapies. We noticed a small trend towards a shorter journey (TUB) with only two conventional systemic agents instead of three before initiating a biologic in later years (2010–2015, vs. 2005–2009). We also noticed a significant decrease in (day care) admissions comparing the two years before, versus the first two years after the start of a biologic treatment (17.7 vs. 8.6 admissions/100 follow‐up years, P < 0.001). Cyclosporine, intensive topical treatment (dithranol), retinoids and PUVA therapy lost popularity in recent years.ConclusionThe ‘journey’ of patients with psoriasis towards a biologic is still long and characterized by many different treatments. Shifts towards fewer conventional drugs before biologic initiation and a clear decrease in hospital and day care admissions before vs. after a biologic are seen. Improvement of this journey, especially in young or recently diagnosed patients, can decrease negative influences on patients’ lives and reduce societal impact.
Stress‐induced suppression of neuropeptide Y‐induced hunger in anorexic chicks involves corticotrophin‐releasing factor signalling and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
Authors: Wang J. , Yi J. , Siegel P. B. , Cline M. A. , Gilbert E. R. 
Published: November 2017

The Virginia lines of chickens have been selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) juvenile body weight and have different severities of anorexia and obesity, respectively. The LWS that are exposed to stressors at hatch are refractory to neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐induced food intake and the objective of the present study was to determine the underlying mechanisms. Chicks were exposed to a stressor (−20°C for 6 minutes and 22°C and delayed access to food for 24 hours) after hatching and the hypothalamic nuclei, including the lateral hypothalamus (LH), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and arcuate nucleus (ARC), were collected 5 days later. In LWS but not HWS, stress exposure up‐regulated corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF), CRF receptor subtypes 1 and 2 (CRFR1 and CRFR2, respectively), melanocortin receptor 4 and urocortin 3 in the PVN, as well as CRFR2 mRNA in the VMH and ARC. In LWS, stress exposure was also associated with greater NPY and NPY receptor subtype 5 mRNA in the ARC and PVN, respectively, as well as decreased agouti‐related peptide mRNA in the ARC. In HWS, stress exposure was associated with increased CRFR1 and decreased cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript in the ARC and PVN, respectively. Refractoriness of the food intake response to NPY in LWS may thus result from the over‐riding anorexigenic tone in the PVN associated with CRF signalling. Indeed, the orexigenic effect of NPY was restored when LWS were injected with a CRF receptor antagonist, astressin, before stress exposure. The results of the present study provide insights into the molecular basis of eating disorders and suggest that CRF signalling in the PVN may exacerbate the anorexic phenotype in the presence of environmental stressors.