bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mining and the Formation of Modern Geology
Authors: Felten Sebastian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMining mineral resources and knowing the Earth are historically entwined activities. This connex of practical and theoretical interest in the Earth has long been noted by historians of science. This historiographical chapter uses Vaccari and Morello’s survey as a starting point. It revisits the idea that an eighteenth-century conjuncture of mining and scholarship brought about modern geology, tracing some strands of this narrative into the period of institutional entrenchment and global diffusion in the nineteenth century. It surveys canonical and recent works in the history of geology. Section 2 situates the interaction of mining and geology in a broader debate on practical and theoretical knowledge in the Scientific and Industrial Revolution. Sections 3, 4, 5, and 6 describe four ways in which historians have found mining (including other forms of earthwork like digging canals or quarrying) to have shaped the modern earth sciences. Section 7 points to a new avenue for research about the interface between mining and science: the impact of specifically bureaucratic knowledge production on modern geology during its formation. The Conclusion asks how the interaction between mining and science was shaped, or even constituted, by social mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion based on class/status, gender, and race.
Challenges in Developing Sustainable Tourism Locally: Viewpoints from the Ground
Authors: Szemző Hanna , Turai Eszter , Berta Gergő 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSustainability has become a key concept for tourism development. Understanding and using local resources, developing an area in a way that is in line with the wishes and aspirations of the local community is essential, however, not without complications. Communities themselves are multi-faceted entities, with diverging interests and understandings about local heritage, its value and its possible social/economic role. Relying on the research carried out in the TExTOUR (Social Innovation and Technologies for sustainable growth through participative cultural TOURism) project the paper explores community attitudes towards local heritage and tourism, and creates a more in-depth picture about the challenges and perspectives of bottom-up driven cultural tourism development, as well as its social context. The paper uses the results of the qualitative interviews and focus groups carried out in 8 pilots in the course of 2021, and relies on deliverables produced in the project.TExTOUR is an EU-funded project operating for 45 months, which co-designs pioneering and sustainable cultural tourism strategies to improve deprived areas in Europe and beyond. The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No.101004687. The project started in January 2021 and finishes in September, 2024. More details about the project can be found in its website: https://textour-project.eu/The two deliverables in question are TExTOUR D1.3 “Data collection methodology” and TExTOUR D1.4 “Results from the data collection phase”.
Methodology and Application of 3D Visualization in Sustainable Cultural Tourism Planning
Authors: Kourtit Karima , Nijkamp Peter , Scholten Henk , van Iersel Yneke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the global imperative of implementing sustainable initiatives in contemporary industrial and service sectors, with a focus on the tourism industry's quest for resilience and recovery post the COVID-19 pandemic. To foster balanced tourism development, the necessity for evidence-based information at local and regional levels is emphasized, highlighting the demand for transparent planning support tools within the sector. Alongside traditional statistical monitoring tools like Tourist Satellite Accounts, the increasing popularity of digital tools, including local tourism dashboards, e-booking systems, and interactive tourist guidance devices, is noted. Noteworthy is the prospect of applying digital twins, an emerging visualization technique in spatial planning, to local and regional sustainable cultural tourism planning. This paper explores the scope and utility of digital twins, drawing on principles from geoscience and geodesign, to create 3D visualizations of spatial tourist realities. The urban architecture of these visualizations is outlined, demonstrating their use through an empirical illustration of digital twins for the Parkstad region in Limburg, the Netherlands. The 3D images depict the tourism area across various cultural-historical periods, presenting a multi-layer representation of ‘cultural-historical epochs’, starting from the Roman period. This innovative approach contributes to digital sustainable cultural tourism planning by offering a data-based perspective on spatial realities and historical epochs, providing a valuable tool for the industry's planning and decision-making processes.
Co-Creation Method for Fostering Cultural Tourism Impact
Authors: Pasandideh Shabnam , Martins João , Pereira Pedro , Gandini Alessandra , De La Cal Mikel Zubiaga , Kalvet Tarmo , Koor Tatjana , Sopelana Amaia , de Aguileta Amaia Lopez 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the IMPACTOUR co-creation method, which is developed to enhance the impact of cultural tourism in various destinations. The method utilizes effective strategies and actions to monitor and increase the impact of cultural tourism. The primary objective of the IMPACTOUR technique is to support decision-makers in improving the sustainability and competitiveness of cultural tourists in their destinations. The method involves collecting and analyzing data from diverse sources, including tourism stakeholders and specifically local communities to create a comprehensive decision-making system. The resulting recommendations aim to promote the positive impacts of cultural tourism while minimizing negative effects and fostering long-term development. Ultimately, the IMPACTOUR method seeks to assist destinations and attractions in becoming more competitive and attractive to cultural visitors, while ensuring their long-term sustainability.
Cultural Tourism in the Cyclades Before and After the Pandemic: A Stakeholders’ Perspective
Authors: Terkenli Theano S. , Georgoula Vasilki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper engages in a critical assessment of the changes in cultural tourism largely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, from the period before to the period after the pandemic, as regards both the supply and the demand sides of tourism, through the eyes of local/regional/national stakeholders, in the case of the Cyclades, Greece. Methodologically, the study relies on a series of stakeholders’ interviews, a round-table discussion and a short questionnaire, undertaken in the context of the H2020 EU project SPOT, during the years 2020–2022. This material is then combined, using a SWOT analysis, in the context of a discussion and assessment of the problems, pitfalls and potential ensuing from the pandemic in Cyclades cultural tourism, towards a resilient, sustainable, or transformative future for the islands’ tourism and cultural sectors. The paper begins with an overview of relevant scientific literature, it continues with the presentation of the study’s research questions and data collection, and then proceeds to the analysis and discussion of the stakeholders’ opinions, perspectives, visions and recommendations on the changing relationship culture-tourism and the SWOT analysis. A general conclusion is that current and emerging trends and patterns seem to reinforce the reciprocal relationship culture-tourism, but also to reconfigure it, in line with new and evolving trends and patterns of cultural tourism.
A Framework for Responsible Tourism in Scotland’s Historic Environment: Experiences from Transforming Tourism at a Film-Induced Heritage Visitor Attraction
Authors: Glindmeier Vanessa , Treacy Gary 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlobal recognition of the importance of responsible tourism and its benefits, which can be enjoyed by all, both now and in the future, without detriment to communities and the environment, is growing. While tourism is a major component of the Scottish economy, it also contributes to climate change through associated greenhouse gas emissions. Heritage and cultural tourism contributes to making better places for people to live in, and better places for people to visit, whilst contributing significantly to Scotland’s green recovery from the pandemic and its transition to net zero and a climate-resilient society, when responsible tourism principles are at the heart of decision making. Historic Environment Scotland (HES), Scotland’s lead public body for the historic environment and largest operator of paid-for visitor attractions published its HES Responsible Tourism Framework in March 2023, determining how the organisation will adopt responsible tourism principles to transform its approach to tourism operations, equally respecting the needs of local communities, visitors, the environment, and of the cultural heritage itself. In 2019, HES obtained funding to deliver a pilot project at Doune Castle, alongside which the Framework has been developed. The castle was chosen as a case study as it, and the village it is located in, has experienced pressure through increased footfall following its appearance on the hit TV series ‘Outlander’. This paper presents how the HES Responsible Tourism Framework has been applied at Doune Castle, supporting the transformation of heritage and cultural tourism to the site to a more responsible model.
Towards a Circular Cultural Tourism Impact Assessment Framework for Decision Support in Less-Known and Remote Destinations
Authors: La Rocca Ludovica , Buglione Francesca , Muccio Eugenio , Bosone Martina , Cerreta Maria , De Toro Pasquale , Gravagnuolo Antonia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent environmental, climate and sustainability challenges are leading several sectors, including cultural tourism, to rethink their development model in a more sustainable and circular perspective, preserving fragile resources—including cultural resources—and regenerating natural capital. The assessment of the multidimensional impacts of cultural tourism strategies becomes an essential tool for designing specific positive impacts linked to the conservation, regeneration and valorisation of tangible and intangible cultural resources, together with natural resources, human and social capital. The Horizon 2020 Be.CULTOUR project developed a methodological and operational approach, based on a set of impact criteria and indicators, to guide the evaluation and monitoring process of cultural tourism strategies in less-known and remote cultural tourism destinations. The Be.CULTOUR multidimensional impact assessment framework was deemed to support the development and monitoring of strategic Action Plans for circular and human-centred cultural tourism, experimented in six European pilot heritage sites. The tool reconsiders the linearity of the Theory of Change, a collaborative and multistakeholder approach that is well suited to the conceptual framework of circular and human-centred cultural tourism, in order to move towards circular production and consumption models in the tourism sector, opening the way for the redesign of traditional decision-making processes. Thus, the proposed tool stimulates the construction of a dynamic and iterative evaluation process that falls within the framework of “circular” co-assessment.
Golden Rules for Sustainable Cultural Tourism Development: Findings of the EU SPOT Project
Authors: Šťastná Milada , Vaishar Antonín 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmongst the objectives of the H2020 SPOT project (Social and Innovative Platform On cultural Tourism and its potential towards deepening Europeanisation), there was the intention to explore the use of cultural tourism as a vehicle for improving the social and economic fabric of disadvantaged rural areas. Through 15 Case Studies (including a small number of over-touristed areas for comparison), partners ‘clustered’ examples to establish common themes around which to describe the good practice. The detailed analysis demonstrated that each cultural tourism target is unique. It may be that there is an attraction of cultural tourism despite there isn’t a ‘brand’ but each site has its own special features. Following extensive dialogue with stakeholders and the collation of relevant statistical data in each area, being inspired by the work on Regional Development carried out by the European Research Centre in its work on Smart Specialisation Strategies, SPOT teams described the key factors which need to be addressed in progressing Cultural Tourism in new locations or in capitalising on existing examples of Cultural Tourism. The factors are explored in detail and the relationship between them is identified by the local stakeholder’s observations; examples of successful interventions are quoted from our extensive database of Case Study findings. The importance of stakeholder engagement is described and the support which can be given by the academic communities is highlighted. The framework of European, national, regional and local policy approaches is analysed in general terms and observations are made on the organisational structures which support (or impede!) cultural tourism activity. Whilst SPOT argues that each example of Cultural Tourism is unique, it is still able to draw conclusions regarding priorities at each level (EU/national/regional/local) which need to be addressed. The approach is holistic—single-issue intervention is not considered effective. The overall approach encourages sustainability; sustainability in economic terms, sustainability in social and community relationships, sustainability in resources, environmental point of view and finally in the use of cultural tourism activity to promote community empowerment, reduce conflicts and provide a dynamic future for disadvantaged areas.
Actors, Institutions and Narratives. The Neo-Institutional Framework of Analysis
Authors: Lorenz Astrid , Anders Lisa H. , Müller Dietmar , Němec Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the general theoretical background of the study “Narrating the Rule of Law”, which builds on approaches and findings from political science, history, sociology and cultural studies. The point of departure is the neo-institutionalist assumption that existing orders influence actors’ behaviour, but that actors can also use or try to modify these orders according to their interests or normative ideas. They do so by using, constructing and circulating ideas and beliefs through discourse. We further assume that the specific context matters for how politicians refer to the rule of law. In this chapter, we apply the general analytical framework to trace the history of the liberal rule of law and illustrate some ‘classical’ conflicts surrounding its meaning and development, including the essential role of politicians (and judges) in this process. We develop these considerations and discuss why national and temporal differences in the rule of law narratives are conceivable. Finally, we discuss potential conflicts and narratives that may arise from party competition, the government–opposition divide and differing rationale of politicians’ and judges’ views of the rule of law.
Context-Sensitive Mapping of Rule of Law Narratives. Sources and Methods
Authors: Lorenz Astrid , Anders Lisa H. , Müller Dietmar , Němec Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the methodological approach of the study “Narrating the Rule of Law”, specifically how we combine deductive and inductive research strategies to map rule of law narratives in a way that is sensitive to the context while aiming to keep findings comparable. As described in this chapter, we analysed debates with direct mentions of the term ‘rule of law’ or its semantic equivalents. We additionally covered debates on key legislation related to the rule of law in order to take into account that the rule of law may be associated with different things in different contexts and that parliamentarians may also talk about the rule of law and related issues without explicitly using the term. After presenting the sources, we explain how we reconstructed the rule of law narratives employing qualitative content analysis. Finally, we reflect on the limitations of our methodological approach and discuss what conclusions can be drawn from our empirical findings.
Portugal: COVID-19 Learning Losses Through the Lenses of ILSA and Local Low Stake Assessments
Authors: Marôco João 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on student learning in Portugal from 2018 to 2022. It highlights a decline in student performance on international assessments like PISA and TIMSS, attributing this to several factors, including shifts in education policies, pandemic-related school closures, and the devaluation of external high-stakes assessments. The chapter also analyzes the national assessment of learning losses and remedial measures taken in response to the pandemic. Comparisons with other countries’ learning losses underscore the complexity of attributing the decline solely to the pandemic. Importantly, the chapter concludes that the dip in Portuguese students’ performance is not solely due to the pandemic, as it began before the outbreak and worsened due to post-2015 education reform. The estimated learning losses, approximately one year of schooling, are attributed equally to school lockdowns and the consequences of ongoing education policies. Overall, the study prompts reflections on the effectiveness of these policies and the broader impact of the pandemic on student learning outcomes.
Business services in regional economies: exploring the co-evolution of supply, demand, and sectoral interactions
Authors: Johansson Borje , Klaesson Johan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to demonstrate how economic growth stimulates business-service providers to develop new service varieties, which, in turn, enhance the productivity of business-service buyers. This creates a coevolutionary process where service suppliers and customers interact, leading to an increase in the number of differentiated service offerings. We introduce a framework for local economies, wherein business-service sectors evolve in response to local demand potential, while non-business-service sectors grow based on each economy’s supply potential. Business service growth is more rapid in local economies with higher demand potential, while non-business-service sectors expand faster in areas where the business-service supply potential is greater. A key assumption is that business service firms operate in a monopolistic competition environment, where an increase in business-service capacity leads to an expansion in the variety of services offered. This, in turn, enhances the diversity of service offerings in municipalities with strong demand potential. Additionally, service providers not only deliver innovation-related information to client firms but also unintentionally disseminate knowledge within the region, fostering knowledge spillovers among firms.
Single radius spherical cap discrepancy on compact two-point homogeneous spaces
Authors: Brandolini L. , Gariboldi B. , Gigante G. , Monguzzi A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this note we study estimates from below of the single radius spherical discrepancy in the setting of compact two-point homogeneous spaces. Namely, given a d-dimensional manifold $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
endowed with a distance $$\rho $$
ρ
so that $$(\mathcal {M}, \rho )$$

(
M
,
ρ
)

is a two-point homogeneous space and with the Riemannian measure $$\mu $$
μ
, we provide conditions on r such that if $$D_r$$

D
r

denotes the discrepancy of the ball of radius r, then, for an absolute constant $$C>0$$

C
>
0

and for every set of points $$\{x_j\}_{j=1}^N$$

{

x
j

}

j
=
1

N

, one has $$\int _{\mathcal {M}} |D_{r}(x)|^2\, d\mu (x)\geqslant C N^{-1-\frac{1}{d}}$$

∫
M

|

D
r

(
x
)

|

2

d
μ

(
x
)

⩾
C

N

-
1
-

1
d

. The conditions on r that we have depend on the dimension d of the manifold and cannot be achieved when $$d \equiv 1 \ ( {\text {mod}}4)$$

d
≡
1

(
mod
4
)

. Nonetheless, we prove a weaker estimate for such dimensions as well.
Sex-Specific Association Patterns of Bone Microstructure and Lower Leg Arterial Calcification
Authors: Bartosik Mikolaj , Simon Alexander , Busse Björn , Barvencik Florian , Amling Michael , Oheim Ralf , von Brackel Felix N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn conversations about bone loss and the importance of calcium homeostasis, patients frequently inquire about the association with arterial calcifications. Although a relationship between bone loss and the occurrence of vascular calcifications is suspected, it is not yet fully investigated and understood. This study aims to analyze associations between bone mineralization, structure, and vascular calcification at the lower leg in patients with low bone mineral density in HR-pQCT. We retrospectively analyzed 774 high-resolution quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans of the distal tibia for the presence of vascular calcifications. After sex-specific propensity score matching for age and BMI to account for confounders, 132 patients remained for quantification of bone microstructure, bone density, lower leg arterial calcification (LLAC), and laboratory parameters of bone turnover. The interactions between bone parameters and vascular calcification were quantified by regression analyses. The calcium metabolism was not different between individuals with and without LLAC, nor oral calcium supplementation. Female patients with LLAC had a higher cortical perimeter (p = 0.016) compared to female patients without LLAC, whereas male patients with LLAC had lower cortical pore diameter than male patients without LLAC (p = 0.027). The appearance of LLAC was sex specifically associated with bone parameters. In female patients, only plaque density was associated with HR-pQCT bone parameters and age, whereas in male patients, plaque volume was associated with HR-pQCT parameters of the distal tibia. Female patients exhibit an increasing plaque density depended on age and trabecular thinning. Decreasing cortical pore diameter and trabecular number along with increasing bone mineralization are linked to increasing plaque volume in male patients.