bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Long-Term Odanacatib Treatment on Bone Gene Expression in Ovariectomized Adult Rhesus Monkeys: Differentiation From Alendronate
Authors: Muise Eric S , Podtelezhnikov Alexei A , Pickarski Maureen , Loboda Andrey , Tan Yejun , Hu Guanghui , Thomspon John R , Duong Le T 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Similar efficacy of the cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib (ODN) and the bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN) in reducing bone turnover markers and increasing bone mineral density in spine and hip were previously demonstrated in ovariectomized (OVX)-monkeys treated for 20 months in prevention mode. Here, we profiled RNA from tibial metaphysis and diaphysis of the same study using Affymetrix microarrays, and selected 204 probe sets (p &lt; 0.001, three-group ANOVA) that were differentially regulated by ODN or ALN versus vehicle. Both drugs produced strikingly different effects on known bone-related genes and pathways at the transcriptional level. Although ALN either reduced or had neutral effects on bone resorption–related genes, ODN significantly increased the expression of osteoclast genes (eg, APC5, TNFRSF11A, CTSK, ITGB3, and CALCR), consistent with previous findings on the effects of this agent in enhancing the number of nonresorbing osteoclasts. Conversely, ALN reduced the expression of known bone formation–related genes (eg, TGFBR1, SPP1, RUNX2, and PTH1R), whereas ODN either increased or had neutral effects on their expression. These differential effects of ODN versus ALN on bone resorption and formation were highly correlative to the changes in bone turnover markers, cathepsin K (Catk) target engagement marker serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (1-CTP) and osteoclast marker tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b) in the same monkeys. Overall, the molecular profiling results are consistent with the known pharmacological actions of these agents on bone remodeling and clearly differentiate the molecular mechanisms of ODN from the bisphosphonates. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
DMSO Enhances TGF‐β Activity by Recruiting the Type II TGF‐β Receptor From Intracellular Vesicles to the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Huang Shuan Shian , Chen Chun‐Lin , Huang Franklin W. , Hou Wei‐Hsien , Huang Jung San 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used to treat many diseases/symptoms. The molecular basis of the pharmacological actions of DMSO has been unclear. We hypothesized that DMSO exerts some of these actions by enhancing TGF‐β activity. Here we show that DMSO enhances TGF‐β activity by ∼3–4‐fold in Mv1Lu and NMuMG cells expressing Smad‐dependent luciferase reporters. In Mv1Lu cells, DMSO enhances TGF‐β‐stimulated expression of P‐Smad2 and PAI‐1. It increases cell‐surface expression of TGF‐β receptors (TβR‐I and/or TβR‐II) by ∼3–4‐fold without altering their cellular levels as determined by 125I‐labeled TGF‐β‐cross‐linking/Western blot analysis, suggesting the presence of large intracellular pools in these cells. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation/Western blot analysis reveals that DMSO induces recruitment of TβR‐II (but not TβR‐I) from its intracellular pool to plasma‐membrane microdomains. It induces more recruitment of TβR‐II to non‐lipid raft microdomains than to lipid rafts/caveolae. Mv1Lu cells transiently transfected with TβR‐II‐HA plasmid were treated with DMSO and analyzed by indirect immunofluoresence staining using anti‐HA antibody. In these cells, TβR‐II‐HA is present as a vesicle‐like network in the cytoplasm as well as in the plasma membrane. DMSO causes depletion of TβR‐II‐HA‐containing vesicles from the cytoplasm and co‐localization of TβR‐II‐HA and cveolin‐1 at the plasma membrane. These results suggest that DMSO, a fusogenic substance, enhances TGF‐β activity presumably by inducing fusion of cytoplasmic vesicles (containing TβR‐II) and the plasma membrane, resulting in increased localization of TβR‐II to non‐lipid raft microdomains where canonical signaling occurs. Fusogenic activity of DMSO may play a pivotal role in its pharmacological actions involving membrane proteins with large cytoplasmic pools. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1568–1579, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interhospital transfer patients discharged by academic hospitalists and general internists: Characteristics and outcomes
Authors: Sokol‐Hessner Lauge , White Andrew A. , Davis Katherine F. , Herzig Shoshana J. , Hohmann Samuel F. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDPrior work suggests interhospital transfer (IHT) may be a risky event. Outcomes for patients transferred from another acute care institution and discharged by hospitalists and general internists at academic health systems are not well described.OBJECTIVEInvestigate the characteristics and outcomes of IHT patients compared with patients admitted from the emergency department (ED) to academic health systems.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTING/PATIENTSA total of 885,392 adult inpatients discharged by hospitalists or general internal medicine physicians from 158 academic medical centers and affiliated hospitals participating in the University HealthSystem Consortium Clinical Database and Resource Manager from April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012.METHODSPatient cohorts were defined by admission source: those from another acute care institution were IHTs, and those coming through the ED whose source of origination was not another hospital or ambulatory surgery site were ED admissions. In‐hospital mortality was our primary outcome. We analyzed our data using descriptive statistics, t tests, χ2 tests, and logistic regression.RESULTSCompared with ED admissions, IHT patients had a longer average length of stay, higher proportion of time spent in the intensive care unit, higher costs per hospital day, lower frequency of discharges home, and higher inpatient mortality (4.1% vs 1.8%, P < 0.01). After adjusting for patient characteristics and risk of mortality measures, IHT patients had a higher risk of in‐hospital death (odds ratio: 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.29–1.43).CONCLUSIONSIn this large national sample, IHT status is independently associated with inpatient mortality. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:245–250. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Diffusional kurtosis imaging for differentiating between high‐grade glioma and primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Pang Haopeng , Ren Yan , Dang Xuefei , Feng Xiaoyuan , Yao Zhenwei , Wu Jingsong , Yao Chengjun , DI Ning , Ghinda Diana Cristina , Zhang Yong 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion kurtosis magnetic resonance imaging parameters for differentiating high‐grade gliomas (HGGs) from primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs).MethodsDiffusion parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (λ//), radial diffusivity (λ⊥); and kurtosis parameters, including mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (K//), and radial kurtosis (K⊥), were normalized to contralateral normal‐appearing white matter (NAWMc) to decrease inter‐individual and inter‐regional changes across the entire brain, and then compared with the solid parts of 20 HGGs and 11 PCNSLs [median 95% confidence interval (CI), P < 0.004; 0.05/14], significance level, Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test, Bonferroni correction].ResultsFA, MD, λ//, and λ⊥ values were higher in HGGs than in PCNSLs, but not significantly [HGGs: 0.209 (95% CI, 0.134–0.338), 1.385 (95% CI, 1.05–1.710), 1.655 (95% CI, 1.30–2.060), 1.228 (95% CI, 0.932–1.480), respectively; PCNSLs: 0.143 (95% CI, 0.110–0.317), 1.070 (95% CI, 0.842–1.470), 1.260 (95% CI, 0.960–1.930), 1.010 (95% CI, 0.782–1.240)], respectively; P = 0.120, 0.010, 0.004, and 0.004, respectively). However, MK and K// were significantly higher in PCNSLs compared with HGGs [PCNSLs: 0.765 (95% CI, 0.697–0.890), 0.787 (95% CI, 0.615–1.030), respectively; HGGs: 0.531 (95% CI, 0.402–0.766), 0.532 (95% CI, 0.432–0.680], respectively; P = 0.001, 0.000, respectively); but not K⊥ [0.774 (95% CI, 0.681–0.899) for PCNSLs; 0.554 (95% CI, 0.389−0.954) for HGGs; P = 0.024].ConclusionThere were significant differences in kurtosis parameters (MK and K//) between HGGs and PCNSLs, while differences in diffusion parameters between them did not reach significance; hence, better separation was achieved with these parameters than with conventional diffusion imaging parameters. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:30–40.
Pilot study on the detection of antiandrogen resistance using serial diffusion‐weighted imaging of bone metastases in prostate cancer
Authors: Reischauer Carolin , Koh Dow‐Mu , Froehlich Johannes M. , Patzwahl René , Binkert Christoph A. , Gutzeit Andreas 
Published: November 2015

PurposeTo evaluate serial apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of bone metastases in prostate cancer to determine whether antiandrogen resistance can be detected and time to progression estimated.Materials and MethodsDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was performed at 1.5T in nine patients with treatment‐naïve metastatic prostate cancer (20 lesions) before antiandrogen treatment, after 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment, and thereafter every 4 months over 31 months or until antiandrogen resistance was detected. Tumor volumes were stable over time. Time courses of the ADCs when averaged over entire lesions and on functional diffusion maps (fDMs) were analyzed using marginal linear model (MLM) analysis.ResultsStarting at 1 month, MLM analysis revealed decreasing mean ADCs (P = 0.001) over time. Simultaneously, the percentage of voxels with significantly higher ADCs decreased (P = 0.004), whereas the percentage of voxels with significantly lower ADCs increased (P < 0.001) on fDMs. Both mean ADCs (P = 0.042) and percentages of voxels with significantly higher ADCs on fDMs (P = 0.039) decreased more rapidly over time in patients with a shorter progression‐free interval (PFI). Likewise, higher (P = 0.001) and more rapidly increasing (P = 0.002) percentages of voxels with significantly lower ADCs on fDMs were associated with a shorter PFI.ConclusionThe results of our pilot study suggest that the evolution of ADCs over time may permit early identification of antiandrogen resistance in bone metastases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1407–1416.
Optical Studies of Poly(hydroxy imide) to Polybenzoxazole Thermal Rearrangement
Authors: Jarząbek Boz·ena , Wójtowicz Magdalena , Wolińska‐Grabczyk Aleksandra 
Published: November 2015

Studies of the optical properties of poly(hydroxy imide) (HPI) exposed to stepwise heating from room temperature up to 400 °C are reported in this work. It is demonstrated that this new method can be used to monitor thermal rearrangement (TR) of HPI to polybenzoxazole (PBO). Temperature dependences of the absorption edge parameters (Urbach energy and energy gap) are obtained and used to estimate the changes in the defects states and conjugation within the polymer chain associated with its TR to PBO. It is shown that the conversion temperatures determined based on the optical studies correspond to those received from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) investigations. Moreover, it is demonstrated that transition to PBO is accompanied by an 11‐fold increase in nitrogen permeability associated with only a slight decrease in O2/N2 selectivity from 8.8 to 7.2.
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Intra‐rater reliability and diagnostic accuracy of a new vaginal dynamometer to measure pelvic floor muscle strength in women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Romero‐Cullerés Georgia , Peña‐Pitarch Esteban , Jané‐Feixas Celia , Arnau Anna , Montesinos Jesus , Abenoza‐Guardiola Montserrat 
Published: November 2015

AimsThe first choice treatment in urinary incontinence (UI) is rehabilitation of the pelvic floor in order to improve muscle strength. However, no entirely reliable instruments for quantifying pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength are currently available. Our aim was to test the intra‐rater reliability and diagnostic accuracy of a new vaginal dynamometer for measuring PFM strength.MethodsTest‐retest reliability study. One hundred and four women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were recruited. Patients were excluded if they had a history consistent with urge urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse, pregnancy, previous urogynecological surgery, severe vaginal atrophy, or neurological conditions. The examination comprised digital palpation quantified by the modified Oxford scale and by two consecutive dynamometry measurements obtained using a new prototype dynamometer. This instrument comprises a speculum in which an inductive displacement sensor (LVDTSM210.10.2.KTmodel, Schreiber) is attached to a spring of known stiffness constant (k). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess intra‐rater reliability. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves analysis.ResultsOf the 104 subjects included, 59.6% presented scores between 0–2 on the Oxford scale. Intra‐rater reliability was 0.98 (95%CI: 0.97–0.99). In the Bland & Altman plot, the distribution of disagreements was similar in the lowest and the highest strength values. The diagnostic accuracy of the dynamometer with regard to digital palpation showed an area under the curve of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.77–0.93).ConclusionsOur results suggest that this new vaginal dynamometer is a reliable and valid instrument for quantifying PFM strength. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:333–337, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urodynamics findings in transverse myelitis patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: Results from a tertiary referral urodynamic center
Authors: Gliga Louise A. , Lavelle Rebecca S. , Christie Alana L. , Coskun Burhan , Greenberg Benjamin M. , Carmel Maude E. , Lemack Gary E. 
Published: November 2015

AimsTo characterize urodynamic findings in patients referred with transverse myelitis (TM) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), as well as to identify any characteristics predictive of urodynamics findings.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of an IRB‐approved neurogenic bladder database of patients followed by a single surgeon between 2001 and 2013. Patient characteristics, questionnaire data, radiologic studies, and urodynamic parameters were analyzed.ResultsOf the 836 patients in the neurogenic bladder database, 28 patients (17 females, 11 males) were referred with a principle diagnosis of TM (3%). Twenty‐one of twenty‐eight patients (75%) underwent urodynamics testing. Bladder management at initial urologic evaluation was CIC or urethral catheter for 16/28 patients (57.1%). Median MCC was 303 ml (85–840 ml), detrusor overactivity (DO) was present in 16/21 (76%), detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) in 10/21 (48%), and decreased compliance in 7/21 (33%). For those voiding, mean Qmax was 12 ± 10 ml/sec and pdet at Qmax was 41 ± 17 cmH2O. Longitudinally extensive TM (LETM) was the only patient characteristic associated with DO (P = 0.0276). No other patient characteristics were associated with urodynamics parameters.ConclusionsSignificant urodynamic testing abnormalities are noted in the majority of TM patients undergoing urodynamics, with 95% having DO, DSD, altered compliance, or detrusor underactivity. Other than the association between LETM and DO, there were no patient characteristics predictive of urodynamics findings. Based on the severity of urodynamics findings in our series, patients with TM and LUTS should have thorough baseline urological evaluations including urodynamics and be offered ongoing surveillance. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:360–363, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel gastrointestinal microbiome modulator from soy pods reduces absorption of dietary fat in mice
Authors: Boué Stephen , Fortgang Ilana , Levy Ronald J , Bhatnagar Deepak , Burow Matthew , Fahey George , Heiman Mark L 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveSimplification of diets, low in variety but high in energy, contributes to the loss in diversity observed in the obese gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome. A novel GI microbiome modulator (GIMM) as a dietary intervention was developed.MethodsMice were fed either an obesogenic diet (ObD) or an ObD containing 15% activated soy pod fiber (ObD‐ASPF) for 30 days. The diets were isocaloric and balanced for macronutrient content. ASPF is a novel fiber preparation from whole soy pods that is activated to produce glyceollins.ResultsMice fed ObD‐ASPF did not gain body fat. This was associated with decreased absorption of calories (P < 0.05) and increased fecal excretion of triglycerides, which may be attributed to decreased bile acid secretion (P < 0.05). A shift (P < 0.05) in abundances of microbiota in 10 genera was observed. Mice fed ObD‐ASPF had elevated plasma concentrations of the anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1.ConclusionsA novel dietary intervention derived from soy pods that acts to hinder absorption of dietary fat and glucose in mice was developed. More studies with this GIMM in animal models of diet‐induced nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, type 2 diabetes, and autism are needed.
Solar‐grade boron emitters by BF3 plasma doping and role of the co‐implanted fluorine
Authors: Lanterne Adeline , Le Perchec Jérôme , Coig Marianne , Milési Frédéric , Boucher Julie , Veschetti Yannick 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe investigate the electrical properties and dopant profiles of boron emitters performed by plasma immersion ion implantation from boron trifluoride (BF3) gas precursor, thermally annealed and passivated by silicon oxide/silicon nitride stacks. High thermal budgets are required for doses compatible with screen‐printed metal pastes, to reach very good activation rates. However, if good sheet resistances and saturation current densities may be obtained, we met strong limitations of the implied open‐circuit voltage of the n‐type Czochralski silicon substrates, which is incompatible with high‐efficiency solar cells. Such limitations are not encountered with beamline where pure B+ ions are implanted. Efforts on the passivation quality may improve the implied open‐circuit voltage but are not sufficient. We provide experimental comparison between beamline and plasma immersion allowing us to discriminate the causes explaining this observation (implantation technique or ion specie used) and to infer our interpretation: The co‐implantation of fluorine seems to indirectly impact the lifetime of the core substrate after thermal annealing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experiences and desired nursing assistance of women on out‐patient breast cancer chemotherapy in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Anarado A. N. , Ezeome E. R. , Ofi O. B. , Nwaneri A. C. , Ogbolu Y. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored the experiences and nursing support needs of women undergoing out‐patient breast cancer chemotherapy in two teaching hospitals in Southeastern Nigeria.MethodsUsing a qualitative descriptive design, based on grounded theory approach and focus group discussion (FGD) methodology, 20 histological confirmed breast cancer patients at different stages of combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil ) were purposively selected and engaged in FGDs at two surgical oncology clinics. Data saturation was reached at the fourth FGD. The audio‐taped and transcribed data were content analyzed using thematic approach.ResultsParticipants were all christians of the Igbo‐speaking ethnic group, and aged between 36 and 66 years. Most were married and had at least primary education. Five themes emerged from the FGDs: inadequate preparation for chemotherapy; chemotherapy scary, distressful, and financially demanding; hope, faith and courage sustained treatment; self‐care actions initiated to ‘weather the storm’; and nursing assistance desired to foster hope and enhance patients' acceptance of, adjustment and adherence to breast cancer chemotherapy in Nigeria. Culture influenced their chemotherapy perspectives and coping.ConclusionWomen with breast cancer in southeastern Nigeria desired but were inadequately prepared to cope with chemotherapy distress they experienced. Nurses could help patients to accept and navigate through chemotherapy by initiating and supporting effective and efficient self‐care actions that are culturally congruent.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strain relaxation in Ge microcrystals studied by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Rozbořil Jakub , Meduňa Mojmír , Falub Claudiu Valentin , Isa Fabio , von Känel Hans 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDeposition on patterned substrates is a promising method for obtaining high quality, strain and defect free heteroepitaxial layers. In this paper we investigate the crystalline structure of quasi‐continuous Ge layers consisting of closely spaced microcrystals on a Si substrate patterned in the form of a regular net of lithographically defined squared based pillars. Lattice parameters, strain and degree of relaxation of the Ge microcrystals are measured by standard high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction using reciprocal space mapping. In particular, we focus on the impact of Si pillar size and spacing on the Ge crystal quality by analyzing how the bending of crystal lattice planes caused by thermal stress relaxation and random crystal tilts affect the width of the diffraction peaks.
Building program construction and verification tools from algebraic principles
Authors: Armstrong Alasdair , Gomes Victor B. F. , Struth Georg 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We present a principled modular approach to the development of construction and verification tools for imperative programs, in which the control flow and the data flow are cleanly separated. Our simplest verification tool uses Kleene algebra with tests for the control flow of while-programs and their standard relational semantics for the data flow. It is expanded to a basic program construction tool by adding an operation for the specification statement and one single axiom. To include recursive procedures, Kleene algebras with tests are expanded further to quantales with tests. In this more expressive setting, iteration and the specification statement can be defined explicitly and stronger program transformation rules can be derived. Programming our approach in the Isabelle/HOL interactive theorem prover yields simple lightweight mathematical components as well as program construction and verification tools that are correct by construction themselves. Verification condition generation and program construction rules are based on equational reasoning and supported by powerful Isabelle tactics and automated theorem proving. A number of examples shows our tools at work.
Delegated bargaining in a competitive agent market: an experimental study
Authors: Choy Amy K. , Hamman John R. , King Ronald R. , Weber Roberto A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe examine a variant of ultimatum bargaining in which principals may delegate their proposal decision to agents hired from a competitive market. Contrary to several prior studies, we find that when principals must use agents, the resulting proposals are significantly higher than when principals make proposals themselves. In reconciling our results with prior findings, we conclude that both the rejection power afforded to responders and the structure of principal-agent contracts can play significant roles in the nature of outcomes under delegated bargaining.
Comparison of Tamsulosin, Nifedipine, and Placebo for Ureteric Colic
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Nakitende Damali 
Published: November 2015

Clinical questionDo calcium channel blockers or alpha blockers improve renal stone passage when compared with placebo?Article chosenPickard R, Starr K, MacLennan G, et al. Medical expulsive therapy in adults with ureteric colic: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2015;386(9991):25-31, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60933-3.