bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schottky–Kronecker forms and hyperelliptic polylogarithms
Authors: Baune Konstantin , Broedel Johannes , Im Egor , Lisitsyn Artyom , Zerbini Federico 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Elliptic polylogarithms can be defined as iterated integrals on a genus-one Riemann surface of a set of integration kernels whose generating series was already considered by Kronecker in the 19th century. In this article, we employ the Schottky parametrization of a Riemann surface to construct higher-genus analogues of Kronecker’s generating series, which we refer to as Schottky–Kronecker forms. Our explicit construction generalizes ideas from Bernard’s higher-genus construction of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection. Integration kernels generated from the Schottky–Kronecker forms are defined as Poincaré series. Under technical assumptions, related to the convergence of these Poincaré series on the underlying Riemann surface, we argue that these integration kernels coincide with a set of differentials defined by Enriquez, whose iterated integrals constitute higher-genus analogues of polylogarithms. Enriquez’ original definition is not well-suited for numerical evaluation of higher-genus polylogarithms. In contrast, the Poincaré series defining our integration kernels can be evaluated numerically for real hyperelliptic curves, for which the above-mentioned convergence assumptions can be verified. We numerically evaluate several examples of genus-two polylogarithms, thereby paving the way for numerical evaluation of hyperelliptic analogues of polylogarithms.
Constrained Hamiltonian dynamics for electrons in magnetic field and additional forces besides the Lorentz force acting on electrons
Authors: Koizumi Hiroyasu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We consider the forces acting on electrons in magnetic field including the constraints and a condition arising from quantum mechanics. The force is calculated as the electron mass,

m

e

, multiplied by the total time-derivative of the velocity field evaluated using the quantum mechanical many-electron wave function. The velocity field includes a term of the Berry connection from the many-body wave function; thereby, quantum mechanical effects are included. It is shown that additional important forces besides the Lorentz force exist; they include the gradient of the electron velocity field kinetic energy, the gradient of the chemical potential, and the ‘force’ for producing topologically protected loop currents. These additional forces are shown to be important in superconductivity, electric current in metallic wires, and charging of capacitors.
Characterisation of surface morphology of high voltage DC relay contacts under arc erosion
Authors: Wang Haitao , Yang Tao , Wu Kai , Li Wei , Lin Zhen , Liu Qinneng , Jiang Wenli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
High voltage DC relays are a crucial component in new energy vehicles. Due to the high failure rate caused by contact sticking (fusion welding), existing technologies can only analyze contact morphology after failure. There is an urgent need to determine the quantitative characterization value of contact surface morphology and the correlation between morphology, failure mechanisms, and working conditions. In this study, an Olympus DSX1000 microscope is used to extract surface topography data, and a quantitative topography characterization method based on a machine vision system is proposed to quantitatively analyze contact surface changes after arc erosion. Grey correlation analysis was applied to explore the relationship between electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and capacitance, and the contact morphology features. The results show that current and capacitance have the greatest influence on contact surface features after arc erosion, while voltage has a relatively smaller influence. This conclusion is consistent with the experimentally observed arc erosion features. Finally, an arc ion sputtering deposition model was developed to analyze the material transfer mode and its influence on the contact failure mechanism. The results provide a scientific basis for the analysis and design improvement of high voltage DC relays.
Thermal stability of electron beam welded AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloy
Authors: Roncak Jan , Jozefovic Patrik , Müller Peter , Adam Ondrej , Judas Jakub , Dupak Libor , Zavdoveev Anatoliy , Jan Vit , Zobac Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloy, which belongs to the group of eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs), possesses a combination of increased strength and ductility. It should retain these properties over a wide temperature range due to the high entropy effect of the system. At the same time, eutectic alloys are generally considered to have good castability, which increases the possibility of casting the alloy in larger volumes. One of the processes, that the alloy does not avoid when applied in industry, are the various joining techniques including electron beam welding. The weld area is often in a non-equilibrium state, which increases the risk of failure during operation. The paper therefore discusses the stability of the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloy when exposed to short-term elevated temperatures. The material heated at 900 °C for 1 h in a vacuum furnace was observed using light and electron microscopy, analyzed for chemical and phase composition and finally subjected to HV0.1 hardness measurement and tensile strength test. The resulting condition was compared with the welded joint before exposure to elevated temperature. The microstructure of the weld was formed by a fine lamellar eutectic over the entire observed area. EBSD analysis confirmed the presence of a combination of FCC and BCC phases. The material hardness reached an average value of 370 HV0.1. Maximum tensile strength of the weld joint was measured at 944 MPa with the corresponding displacement of the crosshead 6.1 mm. The welded joint demonstrated sufficient stability and the ability to withstand short-term severe elevated temperature conditions.
A 3D wideband electromagnetic horn antenna applicator for biomedical applications
Authors: Abdulkawi Wazie M , Elshafiey Ibrahim , Sheta Abdel-Fattah A , Al-Bawri Samir Salem 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a new, compact, wideband 3D horn antenna for biomedical wireless applications such as cancer and tumor detection. In order to achieve the best penetration level, the antenna has been built and tuned to work in the low frequency range of 0.48–1.24 GHz, which can exhibit a high-resolution detection result. The proposed applicator is a double ridge horn antenna (DRHA). The layout and operation of the key needed components to assemble a wideband hyperthermia system are provided in this study. We assume a cylindrical human tissue phantom with wideband dispersive tissue properties, and simulation results are given. The resulting field maps are displayed in several planes to illustrate the energy localization process. The findings indicate that, in contrast to traditional narrowband systems, wideband operation may improve energy localization in deep tumor locations while eliminating hot spots. The suggested antenna was built and measured to verify the result.
Performance evaluation of the static thrust and efficiency of an actuated biomimetic jellyfish model
Authors: Jaya Arie Sukma , Farhan Muhammad , Caesarendra Wahyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study offers an in-depth analysis of a jellyfish-inspired robotic model designed to simulate the expansion and contraction mechanisms found in natural jellyfish. By employing variable Duty Cycles to replicate the cyclic motions of the jellyfish, the thrust generation of the model is measured through static thrust assessments using a load cell, while its efficiency is evaluated using the Thrust-to-Power Ratio, TPR. The findings indicate that increasing the amplitude of the motion leads to more complex wave patterns, which in turn reduce the peak-to-peak force generated. Specifically, a 25% increase in the A/D ratio results in a significant 30% decrease in static thrust. It was observed that higher actuation frequencies do not notably influence thrust generation when the A/D ratio remains constant. Importantly, the TPR was found to be highest at an A/D ratio of 0.10, with an increase of up to 6% observed at higher Duty Cycles, suggesting that smaller actuation amplitudes are more efficient in enhancing thrust performance. These results highlight the critical role of amplitude in the efficiency of static thrust generation within a given Duty Cycle, emphasizing that lower amplitudes generally lead to higher efficiency. The study underscores the importance of optimizing both geometric and kinematic parameters for improved propulsion performance. It suggests that future research should focus on fine-tuning A/D ratios and Duty Cycles, as well as exploring alternative geometric configurations and materials to further enhance the hydrodynamic performance of jellyfish-inspired robots. The insights gained from this study provide a valuable foundation for developing more efficient and effective bio-inspired underwater vehicles.
Exploring artificial neural networks for the forward kinematics of a SCARA robotic manipulator using varied datasets and training optimizers
Authors: Bouzid Rania , Narayan Jyotindra , Gritli Hassène 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Although analytical methods are traditionally employed, the solution to the Forward Kinematics (FK) problem for Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA) manipulator robots can prove intricate and computationally demanding. Recognizing this challenge, this study endeavors to introduce an intelligent approach by leveraging Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to address the FK problem specifically tailored for a four-degree-of-freedom (4-DoF) SCARA robot. To train the ANNs, we employ three distinct datasets, one with a fixed step size, one with a random step size, and one based on a sinusoidal signal. Moreover, the objective is to scrutinize the ANNs performance under the influence of three distinct training algorithms: Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularization (BR), and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG). Through a systematic comparison of various ANN models, diverse training algorithms, and the three chosen datasets, the investigation reveals that optimal Mean Squared Error (MSE) results are achieved with random step size datasets for models with two hidden layers using the LM algorithm (MSE = 8.6099e-05). For the BR algorithm, the best MSE (8.0535e-05) was obtained with sinusoidal datasets and three hidden layers. For the SCG algorithm, the optimal MSE (1.1144e-04) was achieved with fixed step size datasets and one hidden layer. The accuracy of the ANN model is significantly influenced by the dataset, the choice of training optimizer, and the configuration of hidden layers. Consequently, further research could explore hybrid approaches that integrate evolutionary algorithms to leverage their respective strengths and improve overall ANN model performance.
Introduction
Authors: Korstvedt Benjamin M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A most remarkable aspect of Bruckner’s compositional approach was his commitment to revision. The indefatigability of Bruckner’s pursuit of his musical vision was extraordinary. To grasp the sheer time, energy, and devotion he brought to this task, over a decade and a half, is humbling. Several of his symphonies exist in multiple versions. The Fourth represents the most extreme case; Bruckner’s revisions produced three complete versions of this symphony along with a fourth version of the Finale. The “orthodox” view of the work’s history excludes the latter stages of Bruckner’s compositional process as inauthentic. But this chapter argues that when seen as a whole, the history of the work presents an extraordinary picture of a composer pursuing a compositional vision with extraordinary persistence and perspicacity.
Reinventing the Fourth, 1878–1881
Authors: Korstvedt Benjamin M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In late 1877, at the time he was completing the Fifth Symphony, Bruckner come to the decision that his Fourth was, as he wrote, “urgently in need of a thorough revision.” During the following year he fundamentally recomposed the symphony. This chapter reveals the process by which he created a new version. He began by sketching new ideas in his score of the first version. He then created an entirely new score, which contained a new Scherzo along with revised versions of the other movements. Shortly after he completed this score, Bruckner abruptly withdrew the Finale he had just finished and composed a radically new version.
Applying the 2023 ESH Hypertension Guidelines to the Irish Population- findings from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: McGarvey Caoimhe , Briggs Robert , McCrory Cathal , Kenny Regius Rose Anne , Sexton Donal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypertension (HTN) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to apply the latest European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Guidelines 2023 to the Irish general population.

Methods
This study used data from Wave 1 (2009-2010) and Wave 3 (2014-2015) of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). TILDA is a prospective cohort study based on stratified random sampling, which is representative of the community living older population in Ireland (Aged 50 years and over). Using this data, the prevalence of HTN in the general population by grade and stage, as set out in the ESH 2023 guidelines, was calculated. Population awareness of diagnosis, treatment status, control on treatment and adherence to recommended anti-hypertensive medication classes were assessed. Subgroup analyses were explored in alignment with specified groups highlighted in the Guidelines including those over 80 years old with and without frailty, those with chronic kidney disease and those with home blood pressure (BP) measurements. Inverse probability weighting was applied to account for the complex survey design used in TILDA and data analysis was conducted using Stata 15.1.

Results
Results from Wave 3 (N=5,329): The prevalence of hypertension was 64.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 62.4-65.6%). Of those with HTN, 55.5% (95% CI 53.3-57.7) were aware of their HTN diagnosis and 70.4% (95% CI 68.3-72.2%) were on antihypertensive treatment. Of those on treatment, 53.2% were controlled (BP &lt; 140/90), and only 20.0% (95% CI 18.3-21.8) were on a recommended dual therapy. 55.2% were on at least one agent recommended by the ESH guidelines.

Conclusion
This study indicates a high prevalence of HTN in the general population in Ireland aged 50+ years with low levels of awareness, control, and poor adherence to the most recent ESH HTN guidelines.
Unscheduled Returns of Older Patients to the Emergency Department of an Irish Teaching Hospital in the Final Quarter of 2023
Authors: Broin Ruairi O 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Rapid unscheduled returns to emergency departments (ED) are considered to be an indication of a potential lack of quality of care of an ED as outlined in the academic literature. Our ED multidisciplinary team (MDT) dedicated to the assessment and treatment of older persons is a relatively new one. In order to evaluate our efficacy, we sought to compare our rate of unscheduled returns with international norms.

Methods
Retrospective audit of 883 patients from October 2023 to January 2024. Our ED software programme which holds the patient histories was reviewed to establish whether the patients came back to the ED, if so, how quickly, and for what reason. The results were collated and reviewed.

Results
Average age: 81. Average Clinical Frailty Scale Score (CFS): 5. 69% of older patients assessed by the MDT did not return to our ED. 3% returned within 72hrs. 2% returned within one week. 9% returned within one month. 13% returned within 3 months. 2% returned within 6 months.

Conclusion
In numerous academic articles, the 72hr unscheduled return should not exceed 3-5%. While we would always seek to reduce the rate of unscheduled returns to our ED, the results show that our 72hr return percentage is within international norms. This is despite the age profile and frailty of the patients assessed, treated and reviewed.
Results From A Snapshot Survey Of Delirium Prevalence, Detection And Care In Hospitals In Ireland On World Delirium Awareness Day
Authors: Azizi Zahra , Bohane Teresa , Dukelow Tim , O'Regan Niamh , Harkin Eithne , Donnellan Christina , Carroll Ida , Costello Maria , O'Reilly Susan , Noonan Claire , Timmons Suzanne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Delirium, an acute encephalopathy characterized by acute onset, fluctuation, and attention deficits, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, and with precipitation or worsening of dementia. Thus, delirium prevention, timely detection, and appropriate management are crucial.

Methods
On World Delirium Awareness Day (15th March 2023), a global survey was assessed delirium prevalence and care. A senior clinical staff member on each participating ward reported on delirium prevalence at 8AM and 8PM, and on usual ward practice; data was entered into an online survey by a data collector (typically an on-site clinician, visiting several wards to record data). This study reports data from Irish hospitals.

Results
In total, 132 wards from 15 hospitals across Ireland participated. Delirium prevalence, using a formal assessment tool, was 15.9% across all wards, highest in geriatric wards (20.5%). However, on wards where 'personal judgment' to detect delirium was utilized, the prevalence rate was 11.5%, implying that delirium may be missed on these wards. Intensive care units (76.2%), geriatric wards (70%), and Emergency Departments/Acute Medical Units (ED/AMUA; 66.7%) had the highest rate of written delirium protocols. Similarly, staff training (51.5% overall), was highest in ED/AMAU (88.9%), followed by general surgical (66.7%), and geriatrics wards (60%). In contrast, only 30.8% (4/13) of non-acute wards had provided staff with delirium training in the preceding year. Having at least one training session in the preceding year was associated with higher use of formal delirium tools (18.8% versus 60.3%). Wards reported staff training/educating as the main care improvement priority; 72.7% of wards identified lack of time to train staff as a key barrier.

Conclusion
Delirium is prevalent in Irish hospitals and appears under-detected without formal screening. Training staff in delirium-related skills, including the use of simple screening tools for delirium detection and causation, could be paramount to improving patient outcomes.
An Evaluation of In-Hospital Stroke in Irish Acute Hospitals
Authors: Chapman Lucy , Harbison Joseph , McCormack Joan , Brych Olga 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Between 1 and 17% of strokes occur in-hospital in patients hospitalised for another reason. In-hospital strokes are associated with worse outcomes and poor performance on quality-of-care measures of stroke care.

Methods
A retrospective multi-centre cohort study comparing in-hospital and community-onset strokes was conducted using stroke data collected for the purposes of the Irish National Audit of Stroke from the 1st of January 2020 to the 31st of December 2021.

Results
Of 10,781 stroke cases, 618 occurred in-hospital stroke equating to 5.7%. In-hospital stroke patients were older (Median age 76 years versus 74 years in community-onset stroke). Patients with an in-hospital stroke were more likely to have an ischaemic stroke (90.0% versus 85.4%; p=0.002, pre-stroke disability (defined as modified Rankin score of 3 to 5) (30.6% versus 14.3%; p&lt;.001), atrial fibrillation (40.6% versus 29.8%; p&lt;.001). The median [IQR] length-of-stay was longer for in-hospital stroke (14 [6-30] versus 8 [4-16] days) and admission to the stroke unit was less frequent (44.2% versus 70.2% of community-onset strokes; adjusted odds ratio 0.46 95% CI 0.38-0.56; p&lt;.001). Longer median [IQR] times to medical assessment (20 [5-84] versus 12 [0-100] minutes; p&lt;.001) and thrombolysis (90 [63-135] versus 54 [37-80] minutes; p&lt;.001) were observed for patients with in-hospital stroke onset. One in four (27.2%) in-hospital onset stroke cases die in-hospital compared with one in ten (10.4%) community-onset strokes (adjusted odds ratio 2.98 [2.37-3.75]; p&lt;.001). Favourable functional ability was less likely at discharge for in-hospital onset stroke cases (28.9% versus 52.3% of community-onset strokes; adjusted odds ratio 0.38 [0.30-0.48]; p&lt;.001).

Conclusion
The Irish cohort of in-hospital stroke patients reflect a distinct stroke subgroup. Longer delays to medical assessment and thrombolysis, poorer functional outcomes and increased in-hospital mortality were observed highlighting opportunities to improve care.
Consequences of Delayed Access to Community Social Care for Older Hospital Inpatients with Frailty
Authors: Ahmed Razan , Cloonan Joy , May Ella , Chambers Hugh , Madden Rachel , Doyle Joyce , Briggs Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The social care system is currently under enormous pressure leading to delays in home care provision and often unnecessarily prolonged hospital stays for frail, older people. The risks of prolonged hospital admissions for frail older people are well-recognised. The aim of this study therefore was to examine the rate of hospital-associated complications (HAC) amongst older inpatients who are otherwise medically optimised for discharge but are awaiting home care to facilitate discharge home.

Methods
Electronic medical records of patients ≥65 years with delayed transfer of care (DTOC) while awaiting provision of home care provision were examined for incidence of delirium, falls and infection. A smaller cohort of current inpatients (n=14) awaiting home care were interviewed with focus on quality-of-life (CASP-19), loneliness (UCLA Scale) and depressive symptoms (CES-D).

Results
59% (57/97) of patients (median 82 years, 60% female, median Clinical Frailty Scale 6) developed a HAC (delirium, fall or infection) while considered medically optimised for discharge. Logistic regression models demonstrated that for every additional day spent awaiting home care, the likelihood of a HAC increased by 4% (Adjusted Odds Ratio 1.04 (95% CI 1.00 – 1.08; p=0.027; z=2.21). Almost half of interview respondents reported that quality-of-life had declined while discharge home was delayed, while over 1/3 (5/14) met criteria for clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D-10 ≥10).

Conclusion
Almost 60% of frail, older inpatients who are medically optimised have a HAC while awaiting home care provision, with the likelihood increasing significantly for every additional day in hospital awaiting care. Long delays to home care package provision are having a hugely detrimental impact on the health of frail, older people in hospital. While addressing the crisis in social care is challenging, interventions to tackle this deficit in home care provision are required urgently.