bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF PLANTS TO PROTECT PLANTS AND FOOD AGAINST FUNGAL PATHOGENS: A REVIEW
Authors: Shuping D.S.S. , Eloff J.N. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Plant fungal pathogens play a crucial role in the profitability, quality and quantity of plant production. These phytopathogens are persistent in avoiding plant defences causing diseases and quality losses around the world that amount to billions of US dollars annually. To control the scourge of plant fungal diseases, farmers have used fungicides to manage the damage of plant pathogenic fungi. Drawbacks such as development of resistance and environmental toxicity associated with these chemicals have motivated researchers and cultivators to investigate other possibilities.
Materials and Methods: Several databases were accessed to determine work done on protecting plants against plant fungal pathogens with plant extracts using search terms “plant fungal pathogen”, “plant extracts” and “phytopathogens”. Proposals are made on the best extractants and bioassay techniques to be used.
Results: In addition to chemical fungicides, biological agents have been used to deal with plant fungal diseases. There are many examples where plant extracts or plant derived compounds have been used as commercial deterrents of fungi on a large scale in agricultural and horticultural setups. One advantage of this approach is that plant extracts usually contain more than one antifungal compound. Consequently the development of resistance of pathogens may be lower if the different compounds affect a different metabolic process. Plants cultivated using plants extracts may also be marketed as organically produced. Many papers have been published on effective antimicrobial compounds present in plant extracts focusing on applications in human health. More research is required to develop suitable, sustainable, effective, cheaper botanical products that can be used to help overcome the scourge of plant fungal diseases.
Conclusions: Scientists who have worked only on using plants to control human and animal fungal pathogens should consider the advantages of focusing on plant fungal pathogens. This approach could not only potentially increase food security for rural farmers, lead to commercial rewards, but it is also much easier to test the efficacy in greenhouse or field experiments. Even if extracts are toxic it may still be useful in the floriculture industry.
WHOLE BODY VIBRATION IMPROVES ATTENTION AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN MICE DEPENDING ON THE DURATION OF THE WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION SESSION
Authors: Keijser Jan N. , Van Heuvelen Marieke J.G. , Nyakas Csaba , Tóth Kata , Schoemaker Regien G. , Zeinstra Edzard , Van der Zee Eddy A. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Whole body vibration (WBV) is a form of physical stimulation via mechanical vibrations transmitted to
a subject. It is assumed that WBV induces sensory stimulation in cortical brain regions through the activation of skin
and muscle receptors responding to the vibration. The effects of WBV on muscle strength are well described. However,
little is known about the impact of WBV on the brain. Recently, it was shown in humans that WBV improves attention
in an acute WBV protocol. Preclinical research is needed to unravel the underlying brain mechanism. As a first step, we
examined whether chronic WBV improves attention in mice.
Material and Methods: A custom made vibrating platform for mice with low intensity vibrations was used. Male CD1
mice (3 months of age) received five weeks WBV (30 Hz; 1.9 G), five days a week with sessions of five (n=12) or 30
(n=10) minutes. Control mice (pseudo-WBV; n=12 and 10 for the five and 30 minute sessions, respectively) were
treated in a similar way, but did not receive the actual vibration. Object recognition tasks were used as an attention test
(novel and spatial object recognition – the primary outcome measure). A Balance beam was used for motor
performance, serving as a secondary outcome measure.
Results: WBV sessions of five (but not WBV sessions of 30 minutes) improved balance beam performance (mice
gained 28% in time needed to cross the beam) and novel object recognition (mice paid significantly more attention to
the novel object) as compared to pseudo WBV, but no change was found for spatial object performance (mice did not
notice the relocation). Although 30 minutes WBV sessions were not beneficial, it did not impair either attention or
motor performance.
Conclusion: These results show that brief sessions of WBV improve, next to motor performance, attention for object
recognition, but not spatial cues of the objects. The selective improvement of attention in mice opens the avenue to
unravel the underlying brain mechanisms.
EFFICIENCY OF BORAGE SEEDS OIL AGAINST GAMMA IRRADIATION-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN MALE RATS: POSSIBLE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Khattab Hala A.H. , Abdallah Inas Z.A. , Yousef Fatimah M. , Huwait Etimad A. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Borage (Borago officinal L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of great interest because its oil contains a high percentage of -linolenic acid (GLA). The present work was carried out to detect fatty acids composition of the oil extracted from borage seeds (BO) and its potential effectiveness against γ-irradiation- induced hepatotoxicity in male rats.
Materials and Methods: GC-MS analysis of fatty acids methyl esters of BO was performed to identify fatty acids composition. Sixty rats were divided into five groups (12 rats each): Control, irradiated; rats were exposed to (6.5 Gy) of whole body γ-radiation, BO (50 mg/kg b.wt), irradiated BO post-treated and irradiated BO prepost-treated. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at two time intervals 7 and 15 days post-irradiation. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, lipids profile, as well as serum and hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde) (MDA) levels were assessed. Histopathological examination of liver sections were also carried out.
Results: The results showed that the high contents of BO extracted by cold pressing, were linoleic acid (34.23%) and GLA (24.79%). Also, oral administration of BO significantly improved serum levels of liver enzymes, lipids profile, as well as serum and hepatic GSH and MDA levels (p
MECHANISMS OF COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET DAMPNESS ZHENG
Authors: Han Xiaochun , Xuming Ji , Zhao Haijun , Zhang Yanan , Liu Guowei , Wang Yanfang , Zhao Wenxiao , Wang Shijun 
Published: June 2017

Background: Coix seed has the functions of fortifying the spleen and inhibiting the dampness. However, it remains unclear which Coix seed compositions is responsible for these functions. Previous investigations have revealed that the main compositions of Coix seed are proteins, polysaccharides, oils and starches. The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model.
Materials and Methods: The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. The urine volume, the drinking volume and the water loading index in each group were calculated. Agilent 8*60K array was used for microarray-based gene expression analysis. The differential mRNAs related to the transport activity were screened. qRT-PCR was used to validate the mRNA microarray.
Results: The results demonstrated that all treatment groups could decrease the dampness of SDWD rats. mRNA microarray had significant effect on the protein group and the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively.
Conclusion: The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. The contributing mRNA focused on Fabp, Slc and AQP family.
REDUCING TOXICITY AND INCREASING EFFICIENCY: ACONITINE WITH LIQUIRITIN AND GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID REGULATE CALCIUM REGULATORY PROTEINS IN RAT MYOCARDIAL CELL
Authors: Zhang Yuyan , Yu Li , Jin Weifeng , Fan Hongjing , Li Min , Zhou Tianmei , Wan Haitong , Yang Jiehong 
Published: June 2017

Background: Compatibility of Radix Aconiti Carmichaeli and Liquorice is known to treat heart diseases such as heart
failure and cardiac arrhythmias. This work answers the question that whether the active components (Aconitine,
Liquiritin and Glycyrrhetinic Acid) of Radix Aconiti Carmichaeli and Liquorice could result in regulating intracellular
calcium homeostasis and calcium cycling, and thereby verifies the therapeutic material basis.
Materials and Methods: The myocardial cells were divided into twelve groups randomly as control group, Aconitine
group, nine different dose groups that orthogonal combined with Aconitine, Liquiritin and Glycyrrhetinic Acid, and
Verapamil group. The myocardial cellular survival rate and morphology were assessed. The expression of calcium
regulation protein(RyR2、NCX1、DHPR-a1) in the myocardial cell by Western-blotting.
Results: The results exhibited that Aconitine (120 uM) significantly damaged on myocardial cell, decreased the
survival rate and expression of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX1) and dihydropteridine reducta-α1 (DHPR-a1), and
increased the expression of ryanodine receptor type2 (RyR2) obviously. The compatibility groups (Aconitine, Liquiritin
and Glycyrrhetinic Acid) all could against the damage on the myocardial cell by Aconitine at different levels.
Conclusion: Aconitine with Liquiritin and Glycyrrhetinic Acid may regulate the expression of calcium-regulated
proteins to protect myocardial cells from damage.
Revision ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Frank Rachel M. , Riff Andrew J. , Bach Bernard R. 
Published: June 2017

* There are multiple causes of failure following a primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. These include technical factors, patient sex, patient age, graft type, and others.* When performing a revision ACL reconstruction, the decision as to what graft to use should be made in conjunction with the patient, taking into consideration his or her activity level, sport of interest, and work or personal lifestyle.* In the setting of a revision ACL reconstruction, the risk of failure of an allograft is substantially higher than that of an autograft, especially in patients younger than 30 years of age.* The surgeon must determine whether to perform a single-stage or 2-stage revision when performing a revision ACL reconstruction. Two-stage revisions are rarely performed, but are particularly useful in the setting of substantial tunnel widening.* One of the most debated issues following revision ACL reconstruction is timing of return to sport. To our knowledge, no high-level evidence exists to guide surgeons in setting a definitive return-to-sport timeline for athletes. Hence, surgeons should evaluate each patient on an individual basis to determine when he or she is ready to return to sport.
Efectos del Seguro Popular sobre el gasto en salud en hogares mexicanos a diez años de su implementación
Authors: Ávila-Burgos Leticia , Serván-Mori Edson , J Wirtz Verónica , Sosa-Rubí Sandra G , Salinas-Rodríguez Aarón 
Published: June 2017

Objetivo. Estimar el efecto del Seguro Popular (SP) sobre la probabilidad de los hogares de incurrir en gasto en salud (GS), de presentar gastos excesivos en salud (GES) y sobre el monto gastado. Material y métodos. Análisis transversal utilizando datos de la ENSANUT 2012. El efecto del SP se estimó con métodos de pareamiento por puntaje de propensión (n=12 250). Se estimaron el efecto promedio en los hogares con SP (tratados) y diferencias en la mediana de gasto. Resultados. El SP reduce 3.6% la probabilidad del GS y en 7.1% en hogares con enfermos diabéticos o hipertensos. Para el GES la reducción fue de 36% en el ámbito nacional, y para hogares con enfermos y hospitalizados, de 46.5 y 41.7%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El SP tiene un efecto positivo, al proteger a los hogares del GS y GES, principalmente en hogares con necesidades de salud. Sin embargo, aún existen retos para el SP que incluyen la mejora del acceso de la población de menores recursos a los servicios.
Desnutrición crónica en México en el último cuarto de siglo: análisis de cuatro encuestas nacionales
Authors: Ángel Rivera-Dommarco Juan , Cuevas-Nasu Lucía , De Cosío Teresita González 
Published: June 2017

Objetivo. Describir la magnitud, distribución y tendencias de la desnutrición y el sobrepeso en menores de 5 años de 1988 a 2012 y hacer recomendaciones para su erradicación. Material y métodos. Se analizaron indicadores antropométricos en menores de 5 años, de cuatro encuestas nacionales. Resultados. A pesar de haber tenido un notable descenso en el periodo estudiado, la desnutrición crónica persiste como problema de salud pública, con mayores prevalencias en la población indígena, las zonas rurales del sur y el quintil de menores condiciones de bienestar. Conclusiones. Diversas políticas y programas han mostrado efectividad aunque persisten retos de implementación entre la población más pobre, particularmente la indígena. Se recomiendan, por una parte, medidas para aumentar la efectividad de las políticas y programas actuales, sobre todo entre la población indígena y la más pobre, mediante el ajuste de los programas actuales, de acuerdo con los resultados de las evaluaciones y, por la otra, políticas de desarrollo social que atiendan los determinantes sociales de la desnutrición.
Menu labeling perception and health behaviors among immigrant and US born minority populations: Assessment in two Los Angeles public markets
Authors: Vargas-Bustamante Arturo 
Published: June 2017

Objective. To analyze menu labeling perception and food choices/health behaviors in two Los Angeles public markets. Labels with food caloric content were displayed in the food court of one of these markets. Materials and methods. Bivarate means analyses compared the surveyed population by market and by nativity status. The main predictors of menu-labeling influence were identified in the sample from the market that displayed labels. A separate analysis investigated food choices/health behaviors among immigrant cohorts by time of US residence. Results. Reading labels when shopping was one of the main predictors associated with menu labeling influence. Longer-stayed immigrants were more likely to afford “balanced meals”, but they were also more likely to eat in fast food restaurants and less likely to engage into moderate/intense physical activity. Conclusions. While nativity was not a significant predictor of menu labeling influence on food choices, our findings suggest food choices/behaviors convergence among immigrant and US-born populations.
E&P Notes (May 2017)
Authors: Parshall Joel , Whitfield Stephen , Jacobs Trent 
Published: June 2017

E&P Notes
Nanotechnology Could See Big Future in Water Cleanup
Joel Parshall, JPT Features Editor
Nanotechnology could have a big future as a tool for upstream oil and gas and other industries to use to clean up contaminated water, Professor Michael S. Wong of Rice University, Houston, told the SPE Gulf Coast Section’s R&D Study Group recently.
Wong, chair of the university’s chemical and biomolecular engineering department, said that the multidisciplinary nanotechnology field has sufficiently matured to enable researchers and practitioners to envision real prospective solutions to water contamination problems.
Water is by far the largest byproduct of the fossil fuel industry. Wong’s presentation noted that in the US, oil industry well operations produce in aggregate approximately 10 times as much water as they do oil, and in Canada the water/oil ratio is 14 to 1.

Workforce Education Key To Understanding Drilling Data
Stephen Whitfield, Senior Staff Writer
In trying to remove risk and uncertainty from drilling and improve their overall drilling efficiency, operators are developing more reliable analytic capabilities and adopting novel sensor and data-streaming technologies to help them process the massive amounts of data coming from their wells. An industry expert said that workforce education will be critical to helping companies adapt to a changing data landscape and optimize their operations.
At a presentation held by the SPE Drilling and Uncertainty Technical Section, Eric van Oort discussed the issues involved in analyzing data for drilling optimization, and the work being done at the University of Texas at Austin to help ease the process. Van Oort is a professor of petroleum engineering at the UT-Austin and a former onshore gas technology manager at Shell.

Digital Image Correlation: A New Way To Look at Hydraulic Fracturing
Trent Jacobs, JPT Digital Editor
Digital image correlation (DIC) is routinely used in modern mechanical engineering to analyze the strength of building materials. Geologists have used the technology for the same reason in the study of mines.
Now, researchers from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette are making the case that DIC can also help petroleum engineers—specifically those in the business of hydraulic fracturing. The ultimate aim: an index of unconventional rock types based on a quantification of their ability to be stimulated, or what oil and gas producers simply call “fracability.”
DIC technology has a few variations, but this application involved the coupling of a high-speed camera with commercial change-tracking software. This simple approach allowed researchers to see frame-by-frame how lines of strain building up inside compressed rock samples directly correlated to where fractures would form a few seconds later.
A Methodology for Multilateral-Well Optimization
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: June 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 183004, “A Methodology for Multilateral-Well Optimization—Field Case Study,” by Ivan Cetkovic, SPE, Majed Shammari, SPE, and Talal Sager, Saudi Aramco, prepared for the 2016 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 7–10 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Multilateral wells with smart completions controlled by different flow-control technologies offer great operational flexibility, with each lateral able to be operated and optimized independently. Understanding the contribution of each lateral in the complexity of the system was a major objective of this study. In order to optimize the system and predict results under different operational conditions, a multilateral-well-modeling methodology was developed. This methodology covers two main factors affecting multilateral productivity—a flow-dependent gas/oil ratio (GOR) and interference between the laterals.
Wells Overview
The study was based on multilateral wells complete with inflow control valves (ICVs). As a general description, the wells are completed with three to seven laterals and each lateral is isolated by packers and controlled by an ICV, as shown in Fig. 1.
Multilateral-Well Modeling
A multiphase surface system flow simulator that is able to optimize production from wells and networks as an integrated system was adapted to generate and optimize the subsurface multilateral-well flow behavior. This simulator is used mainly for surface network modeling and optimization, but the complex subsurface well system was modeled with this application. This complex simulation model resolves and finds the optimal ICV pressure drop and diameter for each lateral for different inflow-performance conditions, such as different rate-dependent GOR curves at different operational conditions. The model was created as a black-oil model. In each lateral, the flow and pressure drop through the reservoir are determined in the horizontal section, as well as the annular flow between the casing and tubing. Each ICV is represented with a choke model.
The primary method for validating a model is to match it to an observed production well test. This validation includes the requirement to represent flow and pressure at different operational conditions in order to predict operational conditions.
A nodal analysis of a well model consists basically of two different curves—an inflow curve that represents the flow rate and flowing bottomhole pressure at different conditions and an outflow curve that represents the behavior of the pressure drop at different flow rates through the completion.
The intersection of the inflow and outflow curves determines the operational point and is the point that needs to be matched at different operational conditions.
Field Implementation of Tar Removal using Solvent Based Chemical Treatment for Water Disposal Wells
Authors: Al-Hussain Ali Musa , Al-Zayer Rayed M. , Al-Zubail Makki A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Injectivity of water disposal wells is decreasing with time as tar accumulates in the wellbore and/or within the vicinity of the wellbore. The tar deposit reduces and deteriorates the effective wellbore length in addition to increasing mechanical skin across the sand face. The injectivity of water disposal wells can be effectively enhanced/stimulated by doing special chemical treatment mainly for sand stone reservoir. This helps to reduce injection bottom-hole pressure and consequently increase the pumping rates. This proposed chemical treatment was used for the first time in Saudi Arabia for sandstone reservoir to remove tar accumulation. The chemical treatment fluid (recipe) was tested in the lab and showed promising results. In this trial test, a water disposal well candidate with a low injection rate was selected to be implemented for the trial test. The treatment was aimed at enhancing well injectivity and the initial results of the field implementation demonstrate a significant improvement in the injection rate. This result was confirmed from the rate measurement before and after the treatment in addition to well testing analysis. Key results were consolidated with fall-off tests conducted before and after the treatment proving the effectiveness of the chemical treatment at reducing the skin and increasing the injection rate. In addition, this chemical is cost effective compared to other chemicals previously used for the same treatment objective. This paper also illustrates the current procedures and provides recommendations for future job execution with new procedures and steps to improve results.