bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Layer Deposition of p‐Type Semiconducting Thin Films: a Review
Authors: Tripathi Tripurari Sharan , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSemiconductors such as elemental silicon allowing both p‐type and n‐type doping are the backbone of the current microelectronics industry, while the continuous progress in fabrication techniques has been the key for ever‐increasing integration density and device miniaturization. Similarly, in the strongly emerging field of transparent electronics both p‐type and n‐type compound semiconductors are needed that moreover should be transparent within the entire visible spectral range. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been the thin‐film deposition method of choice for a number of challenging applications in microelectronics, and it would also be a highly relevant technology for transparent electronics. Currently the appropriate p‐type semiconducting compounds are far outnumbered by the n‐type compounds. Hence there is an obvious search for high‐quality thin films of new p‐type compound semiconductors. This is clearly seen in the increasing number of ALD papers published annualy on p‐type semiconducting materials. In this overview the current state of research in the field is briefly presented; the ALD processes so far developed for the various p‐type (transparent) conducting material candidates are summarized, and the most prominent electrical transport and optical properties achieved for these thin films are highlighted.
A Highly Sensitive Nonenzymatic Sensor Based on Fe2O3 Nanoparticle Coated ZnO Nanorods for Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite
Authors: Ahmad Rafiq , Ahn Min‐Sang , Hahn Yoon‐Bong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMonitoring of nitrite is needed for the management of nitrite contamination and to ensure the welfare of environment and human health. Hence, it is important to develop high‐performance sensors that precisely measure nitrite concentration. Herein, the fabrication of a highly sensitive nonenzymatic nitrite sensor based on Fe2O3 nanoparticle coated ZnO nanorods (Fe2O3 NP coated ZnO NRs) is demonstrated. The ZnO NRs are grown on a seeded silver electrode by a hydrothermal method and then coated under optimized conditions with Fe2O3 NPs using a dip‐coating method. Detailed material characterizations and sensor fabrication process are reported. The electrochemical properties of a fabricated nonenzymatic nitrite sensor are tested with different concentrations of nitrite, which indicates that the coating of ZnO NRs with Fe2O3 NPs significantly enhances the electrocatalytic activity. The sensor responds linearly with increasing concentration of nitrite from 1 to 1250 × 10−6m with a high sensitivity (131.2 µA µM−1 cm−2) and low detection limit (0.015 × 10−6m). Moreover, excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility allow using these sensors for the determination of nitrite concentration in water with satisfactory results.
Magnetic Wood as an Effective Induction Heating Material: Magnetocaloric Effect and Thermal Insulation
Authors: Gan Wentao , Gao Likun , Xiao Shaoliang , Gao Runan , Zhang Wenbo , Li Jian , Zhan Xianxu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn effective induction heating material composed of wood and magnetic Fe3O4 particles is prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. Fe3O4 particles deposit on the porous wood substrate provides excellent magnetic properties and high magnetothermal conversion resulting in rapid increase in the temperature at the wood substrate. Benefiting from the effective magnetocaloric effect of magnetic particles, the temperature of magnetic wood exhibits a noticeable rise (from 25.9 to 70.1 °C in 10 min) at low‐frequency magnetic field. For simulating the real environment, the indoor temperature rise of magnetic wooden model also reveals the excellent heating performance of magnetic wood. Besides, the magnetic wood also serves as a thermal insulator to slow down the transport of thermal energy from the high temperature area to its surroundings due to its low thermal conductivity, which benefit the rational use of thermal energy in daily life. In view of highly scalable, simple operation, good durability, excellent magnetic properties, effective magnetocaloric effect, and thermal insulation, the novel magnetic wood composite demonstrated here is an attractive induction heating material for application in building, decoration, and massage furniture.
The Incidence and Prevalence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in San Francisco County, California: The California Lupus Surveillance Project
Authors: Dall'Era Maria , Cisternas Miriam G. , Snipes Kurt , Herrinton Lisa J. , Gordon Caroline , Helmick Charles G. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveEstimates of the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the US have varied widely. The purpose of this study was to conduct the California Lupus Surveillance Project (CLSP) to determine credible estimates of SLE incidence and prevalence, with a special focus on Hispanics and Asians.MethodsThe CLSP, which is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is a population‐based registry of individuals with SLE residing in San Francisco County, CA, from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2009. Data sources included hospitals, rheumatologists, nephrologists, commercial laboratories, and a state hospital discharge database. We abstracted medical records to ascertain SLE cases, which we defined as patients who met ≥4 of the 11 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE. We estimated crude and age‐standardized incidence and prevalence, which were stratified by sex and race/ethnicity.ResultsThe overall age‐standardized annual incidence rate was 4.6 per 100,000 person‐years. The average annual period prevalence was 84.8 per 100,000 persons. The age‐standardized incidence rate in women and men was 8.6 and 0.7 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. This rate was highest among black women (30.5), followed by Hispanic women (8.9), Asian women (7.2), and white women (5.3). The age‐standardized prevalence in women per 100,000 persons was 458.1 in blacks, 177.9 in Hispanics, 149.7 in Asians, and 109.8 in whites. Capture–recapture modeling estimated 33 additional incident cases and 147 additional prevalent cases.ConclusionComprehensive methods that include intensive case‐finding provide more credible estimates of SLE in Hispanics and Asians, and confirm racial and ethnic disparities in SLE. The disease burden of SLE is highest in black women, followed by Hispanic women, Asian women, and white women.
Optimization of integrated microalgal biorefinery producing fuel and value‐added products
Authors: Gupta Soumyajit Sen , Shastri Yogendra , Bhartiya Sharad 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn integrated microalgal biorefinery is desirable from an economic standpoint but challenging to synthesize, due to diversity of options. This work uses a model‐based optimization approach to address this challenge in a systematic manner. A superstructure of the integrated biorefinery is developed where biodiesel is considered as the main product, while polar lipid, protein, and carbohydrate are also processed to various value‐added compounds. Mass balances, equipment capacity limitations, and cost functions corresponding to these processes constitute the constraints of the optimization problem. The decision variables include the process synthesis as well as process scheduling and operations‐related decisions. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model was developed to minimize the net annualized life cycle cost (ALCC) of the biorefinery. For a scenario of 30 Mg/d production target of biodiesel, with no intermediate storage between the stages, the superstructure yielded an optimal biodiesel production cost of US$8.53/L and reduced sugar was selected as a co‐product. Several cases were analyzed in terms of the decision making of the process on the upstream and downstream levels, as well as variations in scheduling strategies. Co‐cultivation of the phototrophic and heterotrophic strains resulted in net ALCC of US$7.66/L, which was 10.2% less than the base case. Batch scheduling with various strategies were also investigated and the case with infinite intermediate storage coupled with debottlenecking reduced the net ALCC by 25% to US$6.4/L. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Intensification of Lipase‐Catalyzed Esterification using Ultrasound: Process Engineering Perspectives
Authors: Ajmal Muhammad , Fieg Georg 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe effect of cavitating ultrasound (US, 24 kHz) on the lipase‐catalyzed esterification of oleic acid with 1‐hexanol and 1‐decanol is studied and required conditions to intensify the activity of lipase enzyme are presented. US remarkably improves the conversion rate compared to non‐sonicated conditions. The influence of relevant operating parameters (amplitude, temperature, and pulsed US) on the reaction is studied. This has led to the development of strategies to operate an for energy‐efficient operation of an enzyme‐catalyzed ultrasonic reactor. A concept for large‐scale application of the discovered phenomenon is also presented.
All‐Optical Electrophysiology for Disease Modeling and Pharmacological Characterization of Neurons
Authors: Werley Christopher A. , Brookings Ted , Upadhyay Hansini , Williams Luis A. , McManus Owen B. , Dempsey Graham T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA key challenge for establishing a phenotypic screen for neuronal excitability is measurement of membrane potential changes with high throughput and accuracy. Most approaches for probing excitability rely on low‐throughput, invasive methods or lack cell‐specific information. These limitations stimulated the development of novel strategies for characterizing the electrical properties of cultured neurons. Among these was the development of optogenetic technologies (Optopatch) that allow for stimulation and recording of membrane voltage signals from cultured neurons with single‐cell sensitivity and millisecond temporal resolution. Neuronal activity is elicited using blue light activation of the channelrhodopsin variant ‘CheRiff’. Action potentials and synaptic signals are measured with ‘QuasAr’, a rapid and sensitive voltage‐indicating protein with near‐infrared fluorescence that scales proportionately with transmembrane potential. This integrated technology of optical stimulation and recording of electrical signals enables investigation of neuronal electrical function with unprecedented scale and precision. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Forgotten underwater forests: The key role of fucoids on Australian temperate reefs
Authors: Coleman Melinda A. , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractKelp forests dominated by species of Laminariales are globally recognized as key habitats on subtidal temperate rocky reefs. Forests characterized by fucalean seaweed, in contrast, receive relatively less attention despite being abundant, ubiquitous, and ecologically important. Here, we review information on subtidal fucalean taxa of Australia's Great Southern Reef, with a focus on the three most abundant and widely distributed genera (Phyllospora, Scytothalia, and Sargassum) to reveal the functionally unique role of fucoids in temperate reef ecology. Fucalean species span the entire temperate coastline of Australia (~71,000 km2) and play an important role in supporting subtidal temperate biodiversity and economic values on rocky reefs as well as in adjacent habitats. Climatic and anthropogenic stressors have precipitated significant range retractions and declines in many fucoids, with critical implications for associated assemblages. Such losses are persistent and unlikely to be reversed naturally due to the life history of these species and colonization of competitors and grazers following loss. Active restoration is proving successful in bringing back some fucoid species (Phyllospora comosa) lost from urban shores and will complement other passive and active forms of conservation. Fucalean forests play a unique role on subtidal temperate reefs globally, especially in Australia, but are comparatively understudied. Addressing this knowledge gap will be critical for understanding, predicting, and mitigating extant and future loss of these underwater forests and the valuable ecosystem services they support.
Investigating a biomarker‐driven approach to target collagen turnover in diabetic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients. Effect of torasemide versus furosemide on serum C‐terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (DROP‐PIP trial)
Authors: Trippel Tobias Daniel , Van Linthout Sophie , Westermann Dirk , Lindhorst Ruhdja , Sandek Anja , Ernst Stefanie , Bobenko Anna , Kasner Mario , Spillmann Frank , González Arantxa , López Begoña , Ravassa Susana , Pieske Burkert , Paulus Walter J. , Díez Javier , Edelmann Frank , Tschöpe Carsten 
Published: September 2017

AimHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with myocardial remodelling including severe pro‐fibrotic changes contributing to an increase in left ventricular stiffness and diastolic dysfunction. Serum C‐terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PIP) strongly correlates with the turnover of extracellular cardiac matrix proteins and fibrosis. Torasemide, but not furosemide, was described to reduce collagen type I synthesis in clinically unstable patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We evaluated whether its effect translated to HFpEF patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and abnormal basal PIP levels.Methods and resultsWe performed a relatively small, single‐centre, randomised, double‐blind, two‐arm parallel‐group, active controlled clinical trial in 35 HFpEF patients with T2DM to determine the effects of a 9‐month treatment with torasemide vs. furosemide on changes of serum PIP levels. Patients with increased PIP levels (≥110 ng/mL), or evidence of structural changes with a left atrial volume index (LAVI) >29 mL/m2 and abnormal PIP levels (≥70 ng/mL), were eligible to participate. Fifteen patients were female (42%), mean age was 69 years, body mass index was 34.7 kg/m2, 83% were in New York Heart Association class II/III. Echocardiographic characteristics showed a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of >60%, a left ventricular mass index >120 g/m2, an E/e' ratio of 14, and a LAVI of 40 mL/m2 with a NT‐proBNP of 174 ng/L and a 6‐minute walk distance of 421 m. Mean per cent change in PIP was 2.63 ± 5.68% (±SEM) in torasemide vs. 2.74 ± 6.49% in furosemide (P = 0.9898) treated patients. Torasemide was not superior to furosemide in improving functional capacity, diastolic function, quality of life, or neuroendocrine activation.ConclusionIn this hypothesis‐generating, mechanistic trial in stable HFpEF patients with T2DM, neither long‐term administration of torasemide nor furosemide was associated with a significant effect on myocardial fibrosis, as assessed by serum PIP. Further studies are urgently needed in this field. More specific diuretic and anti‐fibrotic treatment strategies in T2DM and/or HFpEF are warranted.
Simplified Architecture of a Fully Printable Perovskite Solar Cell Using a Thick Zirconia Layer
Authors: Priyadarshi Anish , Bashir Amna , Gunawan Johana T. , Haur Lew J. , Bruno Annalisa , Akhter Zareen , Mathews Nripan , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA fully printable, hole‐conductor‐free perovskite solar cell with a simple and low‐cost fabrication route and high stability is well placed for commercialization. We aim to simplify the fabrication process of these solar cells by replacing the mesoporous TiO2 (meso‐TiO2) layer with a thick ZrO2 layer. This new architecture required only three steps: screen‐printing first the compact TiO2 (c‐TiO2), second the mesoporous ZrO2 layer (for perovskite infiltration), and third the carbon electrode. To improve the solar cell performance of the architecture, the c‐TiO2 and ZrO2 printing process are optimized. After systematic optimization of these processes, we found that the double‐printing of the c‐TiO2 layer and an increase of the ZrO2 later thickness from 1.4 to 2.1 μm in the device structure gives an optimized efficiency of 9.69 %, which is comparable to that of standard carbon devices with meso‐TiO2. This method provides an approach to reduce the fabrication time and thermal budget for fully printable solar cells.
A Micro‐Cracked Conductive Layer Made of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tan Zhenhao , Yuan Wei , Qiu Zhiqiang , Chen Yu , Luo Jian , Tang Yong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA conductive layer, made of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), with micro‐cracks and a micro/nanoporous structure is fabricated between an active material layer (AML) and a current collector. The coating thickness of the MWCNT‐based conductive layer (MCL) varies in the range of 25–100 μm. Electrochemical tests of half‐cells demonstrate that both the mesocarbon‐microbeads (MCMB) anode and the LiCoO2 cathode with a micro‐cracked MCL show higher capacity, lower impedance, and less capacity fading than the pristine and non‐cracked electrodes. These improvements are caused by the enhancement of adhesion strength and the buffer effect of the micro‐cracked MCL. With a change of the coating thickness, the size and number of micro‐cracks on the MCL varies to accommodate the active material with different particle sizes. The electrodes with a micro‐cracked MCL with a coating thickness of 50 and 75 μm are suitable for MCMB and LiCoO2 with a particle size of 10–20 μm.
Size-resolved particle measurements of polybrominated diphenyl ethers indoors: Implications for sources and human exposure
Authors: Richman Katherine E. , Butt Craig M. , Young Cora J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardant polymer additives that are widely detected in outdoor and indoor environments. Release of PBDEs from consumer products leads to high concentrations indoors, but mechanisms of release are poorly understood. Although ingestion of dust is a well-studied indoor PBDE exposure route, the importance of inhalation exposure is uncertain. To address these unknowns, dust was collected from household vacuum cleaners, and suspended particulate matter was collected from the same homes in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, using a cascade impactor. Size-fractionated particulate matter samples (0.01–18 μm diameter) were analyzed for PBDEs. The sum of PBDEs in all particulate matter ranged from 8.7 ± 0.5 to 15.7 ± 0.5 pg/m3, with &gt;50% of PBDE mass in respirable particulate matter (&lt;1 μm). Mass loadings as a function of particle size suggested that both abrasion and off-gassing led to the presence of PBDEs in particulate matter. Variability in the particulate matter mass loadings indicated that emission mechanisms were both product- and location-dependent. Congener profiles in colocated vacuum dust and particulate matter samples were different, indicating that vacuum dust cannot accurately predict PBDE congeners in respirable particulate matter. A calculated lower limit inhalation exposure to PBDEs (0.19 ng/d) is lower than exposure via diet or ingestion of dust, although the different biochemical pathways for inhalation compared with ingestion may have different biological effects. The present study highlights the importance of contaminant analysis in size-fractionated particulate matter to assess human exposure via inhalation compared with traditional vacuum dust methods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:481–490. © 2017 SETAC
A social‐aware probabilistic routing approach for mobile opportunistic social networks
Authors: Zhao Ruonan , Wang Xiaoming , Zhang Lichen , Lin Yaguang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn mobile opportunistic social networks (MOSNs), mobile users move around and conduct message transmission by using their portable devices without the support of communication infrastructures, in which routing is a challenge due to high connection intermittency and node mobility. The current routing schemes for MOSNs only focus on the improvement of cost‐effective delivery by using the characteristics of users' interests or mobility. In this paper, we propose a novel routing approach for MOSNs in which the probabilistic and social‐aware strategies are combined and the multiple‐copy policy is adopted. We first model an MOSN into some overlapping regions and then propose 2 region‐related centrality degrees related to users' social characteristics with the consideration of users' centrality, mobility, and interactions among users. According to the definition of centrality degrees, we design a social‐aware probabilistic routing approach in which a message replica control policy is applied to allow a user with higher encounter probability to the destination and the user could obtain more message replicas. The simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms the previous routing algorithms in terms of delivery ratio and overhead ratio.
Minimizing secrecy outage probability in D2D‐enabled cellular networks: Access control with power optimization
Authors: Chen Yajun , Ji Xinsheng , Huang Kaizhi , Li Bin , Kang Xiaolei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the uplink secure communication for underlay device‐to‐device (D2D) communication sharing the uplink resources in cellular networks. We first develop a secrecy outage probability (SOP) minimization model while considering the secrecy requirements for both the cellular users and the D2D pairs. Then, we propose a transmission power optimization scheme for D2D pairs subject to the secrecy requirements of the cellular users, whereas the SOPs of all potential D2D pairs could achieve the minimum. To further support the security performance of this hybrid network, an access control strategy with optimal power strategy is considered in that the D2D pair with the minimum SOP is allowed to reuse the cellular resource. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Experimental research on the burning behavior of dragon juniper tree
Authors: Zhou Kuibin , Jia Jingrui , Zhu Jiping 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTree crown fire is one of the extreme fire behaviors in the wildland‐urban interface. This paper presents an experimental study on the burning behaviors of single and triple dragon juniper trees. The mass loss, flame height, plume temperature, radiation, and fire interaction are measured. It is found that the foliage moisture content and flame mergence dominate the mass consumed percentage (defined as the ratio of the total mass loss to initially total mass), while the tree crown height and flame mergence determine the flame height. The peak mass loss rate is mainly affected by the moisture content and tree species. For triple tree fires, the peak mass loss rate is also affected by the spacing due to the coupled effects of heat feedback enhancement and air entrainment restriction. Results also show that the flame height significantly increases as the spacing decreases. The spacing holds a significant effect on the fire plume temperature distribution and thermal radiation field. Empirical correlations are also developed for the flame height, radial temperature, and radiant heat flux distribution based on physical interpretation of the tree burning behaviors.