bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial scale mediates the effects of biodiversity on marine primary producers
Authors: Bracken Matthew E. S. , Douglass James G. , Perini Valerie , Trussell Geoffrey C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMost studies evaluating the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning are conducted at a single location, limiting our understanding of how diversity–function relationships may change when measured across different spatial scales. We conducted a species‐removal experiment at three sites nested in each of three regions along the rocky intertidal coastline of the Gulf of Maine, USA, to evaluate the potential for scale‐dependent effects of species loss on the biomass of intertidal seaweed assemblages. We randomly assigned 50 plots in the mid‐intertidal zone at each site to one of five treatments (n = 10 plots each): an unmanipulated control, a polyculture plot that contained our three target seaweed species, and three monoculture plots. We manipulated diversity by removing all non‐target species from monoculture and polyculture plots, then removing additional biomass from polyculture plots, proportionate to species' relative abundances, so that the average amount removed from monoculture and polyculture plots was equivalent at each site. At the largest spatial scale, all sites considered together, after accounting for region and site nested within region seaweed diversity had consistent, positive effects on seaweed cover. Diverse polyculture plots always had higher cover than was predicted by the average performance of the component seaweed species and usually had higher cover than even the best‐performing component species. Diversity effects weakened and became less consistent at smaller spatial scales, so that at the scale of individual sites, diverse polycultures only performed better than the average of monocultures ~40% of the time. Hence, our results indicate that weak and/or inconsistent biodiversity effects at the level of individual sites may scale up to stronger, more consistent effects at larger spatial scales. Quantitative summaries of biodiversity experiments conducted at the scale of individual sites do not capture this spatial aspect of biodiversity effects and may therefore underestimate the functional consequences of biodiversity loss.
The potential role of p53 and MAPK pathways in the hepatotoxicity of deep‐fried oil and in resistant starch‐induced protection
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Zhou Zhongkai , Diao Yongjia , Strappe Padraig , Blanchard Chris 
Published: March 2017

In this study, rats with a fresh oil diet, a deep‐fried oil diet, and a deep‐fried oil and resistant starch (RS) diet were investigated for revealing the effects of deep‐fried oil to the metabolic system and if RS could effectively attenuate metabolic dysfunction caused by deep‐fried oil. The results showed that DO feeding led to significant increases of liver biomarkers of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), accompanied by consistent reduction of total antioxidation (T‐AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity compared to the rats feeding with unheated canola oil (FO group) (p < 0.05). Liver histology of rats in DO group exhibited membrane blebbing and boundary ambiguity, indicating DO might exert significant hepatotoxic effects. However, RS intervention (DO‐RS group) significantly reversed these changes. Furthermore, the results in this study revealed that p53 and MAPK signaling pathways presented in the significantly enriched KEGG pathways list in FO versus DO group, but not in FO versus DO‐RS group, suggesting RS intervention modulated these two signaling pathways. This is the first study to investigate RS intervention on the attenuation of hepatotoxicity induced by DO intake in the dietary.Practical applications: This study investigates the toxic effects of deep‐fried oil consumption on health, in particular on hepatic immune system and the related mechanisms involved in this process. The main target of this research work is to contribute with useful information of deep‐fried oil intake to the food industry and to find out effective ways to ameliorate the risk of deep‐fried oil diet.A deep‐fried oil diet can cause hepatotoxicity; in contrast, rats fed a deep‐fried oil and RS diet are protected. The modulation of p53 and MAPK pathways might be one of the key regulations for RS intervention to attenuate liver dysfunction biomarkers (ALT and AST).
Behavior of lipophilic bioactives during olive oil processing
Authors: Seçmeler Özge , Güçlü Üstündağ Özlem 
Published: March 2017

In the last few years, much attention has been paid to health effects of bioactive compounds in food products, their retention in the final product, accordingly optimization of food production design, and valorization of waste streams. One such food is olive oil, which contains hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic bioactive compounds (phenols, squalene, phytosterols, tocopherols, etc.) having anticancer, anticholesterol, and antioxidant activities. These bioactives are distributed between the product and waste streams according to their solubility and mass transfer behavior and thermal stability during olive oil processing. This review focuses on the behavior of lipophilic bioactives, squalene, sterols, and tocopherols, during olive oil processing using a systematic approach. Herein their content in the olive fruit, distribution between its anatomic parts, and the effect of process methods and parameters on the lipophilic bioactive content of olive oil were reviewed. The loss of squalene, α‐tocopherol, and β‐sitosterol were calculated based on the process data available in the literature (19, 36, and 48%, respectively). Loss of β‐sitosterol and α‐tocopherol were higher than that of oil (2–20%) and squalene, which is explained considering the distribution of these compounds within the olive fruit and at the cellular level, and their interactions.Practical applications: Findings of this review, particularly the information on the distribution of these bioactive compounds between olive oil and waste streams as affected by process parameters can be used to maximize their retention in olive oil and their recovery from waste streams. It was shown that olive pomace might be a good source of β‐sitosterol with potential applications in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors owing to its anticancer and cholesterol‐lowering activity. By considering the possible mechanisms of processing loss of β‐sitosterol and α‐tocopherol, as discussed in this review, new recovery techniques could be developed for these compounds.The behavior of lipophilic bioactives, squalene, sterols, and tocopherols, during olive oil processing is reviewed using a systematic approach. Processing loss of β‐sitosterol and α‐tocopherol are higher than that of oil and squalene, which is explained considering the distribution of these compounds within the olive fruit and at the cellular level, and their interactions. By considering the possible mechanisms of processing loss of β‐sitosterol and α‐tocopherol, new techniques could be developed to maximize their retention in olive oil and their recovery from waste streams.
LncRNA MALAT‐1 Elevates HMGB1 to Promote Autophagy Resulting in Inhibition of Tumor Cell Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Gao Da , Lv Ai‐e , Li Hui‐Ping , Han Dong‐Hai , Zhang Ya‐Peng 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can participate in the pathological process of multiple myeloma (MM) via regulation of specific gene expression and function. This research aimed to study the role of MALAT‐1 and the underlying mechanism in MM. In this study, the expression of MALAT‐1 and HMGB1 protein in the bone marrow mononuclear cells from MM patients at different stages and in MM cell lines was determined by qRT‐PCR and western blot, respectively. The endogenous expression of MALAT‐1 and HMGB1 was modulated using lentivirus vectors transfection. CHX chase assay and RIP analyses were performed to explore the interaction between MALAT‐1 and HMGB1 in MM. Nude mouse xenograft was made and used for in vivo experiment study. The expression of MALAT‐1 and HMGB1 in the bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with untreated multiple myeloma was dramatically increased, as well as in MM cell lines, KM3 and U266; while MALAT‐1 expression and HMGB1 protein level both decreased significantly in complete remission patients. Furthermore, MALAT‐1 knockdown facilitated the degradation of HMGB1 at the post‐translational level via increase of the ubiquitination of HMGB1 in MM cells. MALAT‐1 was shown to promote autophagy in MM through upregulation of HMGB1. In vivo, MALAT‐1 knockdown could inhibit tumor growth significantly in tumor‐bearing mice and reduced the protein expressions of HMGB1, Beclin‐1, and LC3B in tumor tissues. LncRNA MALAT‐1 increases the expression level of HMGB1 in MM thereby promotes autophagy resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3341–3348, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macroanatomic, light, and electron microscopic examination of pecten oculi in the seagull (Larus canus)
Authors: Ince Nazan Gezer , Onuk Burcu , Kabak Yonca Betil , Alan Aydin , Kabak Murat 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine macroanatomic characteristic as well as light and electron microscopic examination (SEM) of pecten oculi and totally 20 bulbus oculi belonging to 10 seagulls (Larus canus) were used. Pecten oculi formations consisted of 18 to 21 pleats and their shape looked like a snail. Apical length of the pleats forming pecten oculi were averagely measured as 5.77 ± 0.56 mm, retina‐dependent base length was 9.01 ± 1.35 mm and height was measured as 6.4 ± 0.62 mm. In pecten oculi formations which extend up to 1/3 of the bulbus oculi, two different vascular formations were determined according to thickness of the vessel diameter. Among these, vessels with larger diameters which are less than the others in count were classified as afferent and efferent vessels, smaller vessels which are greater in size were classified as capillaries. Furthermore, the granules which were observed intensely in apical side of the pleats of pecten oculi were observed to distribute randomly along the plica.
Synthesis and Anti‐allergic Activity of Bis‐heteroaryl Hydrazines
Authors: Putta Ramachandra Reddy , Donthamsetty V Sowmya , Guda Dinneswara Reddy , Adivireddy Padmaja , Venkatapuram Padmavathi 
Published: March 2017

The bis(oxazolyl and/or thiazolyl)hydrazines were prepared, and their anti‐allergic activity was studied. All the compounds displayed variable extent of anti‐allergic activity on immunoglobulin E/silver‐stimulated RBL‐2H3 cells at 50 and 100 μM concentrations. The unsubstituted and chlorosubstituted compounds showed higher activity than those having methyl substituent. Compounds 9c and 10c do not cause cytotoxicity of the cells at 50 and 100 μM and also significantly inhibit β‐hexosaminidase release stimulated by immunoglobulin E/silver at 50 and 100 μM.
Carrying capacity of wintering American black ducks in forested wetlands
Authors: Fino Samantha R. , Williams Christopher K. , Livolsi Mark C. , Ringelman Kevin M. , Coluccy John M. , Devers Patrick K. , Castelli Paul M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWintering populations of American black ducks (Anas rubripes) have declined throughout their range since the 1950s. Conservation for wintering black ducks is based largely on bioenergetic models of carrying capacity, and managers seek to provide wetlands with sufficient food energy to support target populations. Although the significance of salt marsh to wintering black ducks along the Atlantic Coast is well documented, forested wetlands are also used by wintering black ducks, and yet their foraging value and energetic potential is unknown. Therefore, quantifying the energetic value of forested wetlands is important for accurately estimating the carrying capacity of black ducks. We collected soil core samples from forested wetlands on Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge, Milton, Delaware in 2014 (n = 46) and Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, Galloway, New Jersey, USA in 2015 (n = 41) to estimate food biomass and quantify the energetic capacity of forested wetlands representative of the mid‐Atlantic region. We estimated the mean energetic value of forested wetlands as 84,667 ± 21,822 kcal/ha. Considering all forested wetlands that are potentially available to black ducks along the mid‐Atlantic Coast, we estimated that forested wetlands within a 24.1‐km distance from the coast provide between 103,696,524–192,678,224 duck‐use days supporting 489,135–908,860 black ducks over the 212 days of winter. Forested wetlands may be an important foraging resource for wintering black ducks, and our estimates of energetic value will help to refine bioenergetic models for black ducks in the Atlantic Flyway. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Geschichte der Anorganischen Chemie
Authors: Schmidbaur Hubert 
Published: March 2017

Helmut Werner, 2017, Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany. VII + 674 Seiten, 99,– EuroPrint ISBN 978‐3‐527‐33887‐0ePDF ISBN 978‐3‐527‐33907‐5ePub ISBN 978‐3‐527‐69310‐8Mobi ISBN 978‐3‐527‐69309‐2oBook ISBN 978‐3‐527‐69300‐9
Variation for nitrogen use efficiency traits in current and historical great plains hard winter wheat
Authors: Guttieri Mary J. , Frels Katherine , Regassa Teshome , Waters Brian M. , Baenziger P. Stephen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWheat genotypes that efficiently capture and convert available soil nitrogen into harvested grain protein are key to sustainably meeting the rising global demand for grain protein. The purposes of this study were: to characterize the genetic variation for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) traits within hard winter wheat adapted to the Great Plains of the United States and evaluate trends in the germplasm with year of release; to explore relationships among traits that may be used for selection within breeding programs; and to identify quantitative trait loci associated with NUE traits in this germplasm. NUE traits were measured in a panel of 299 hard winter wheat genotypes, representing historically important and contemporary germplasm, from across the growing region. Trials were grown in two years at two levels of nitrogen fertility. Genotype and genotype × year interaction effects were highly significant for NUE traits, while genotype × nitrogen rate interactions were non-significant. Strong genetic correlations of plant height and flowering date with NUE traits were observed. Wheat breeders have improved NUE: the subset of 183 genotypes that were released as cultivars after 1960 demonstrated significant trends with year of release for improved grain N yield, grain yield, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and post-anthesis nitrogen uptake. In genome-wide association analyses, plant height and flowering date were important covariates in the mixed models, and plant height and flowering date substantially explained the variation in NUE traits in this germplasm. Marker-trait associations were identified that may prove useful in breeding.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in oncological clinical trials: Current techniques and standardization challenges
Authors: Deng Jie , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRadiological imaging plays an important role in oncological trials to provide imaging biomarkers for disease staging, stratifying patients, defining dose setting, and evaluating the safety and efficacy of new candidate drugs and innovative treatment. This paper reviews the techniques of most commonly used quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) biomarkers (dynamic contrast enhanced, dynamic susceptibility contrast, and diffusion weighted imaging) and their applications in oncological trials. Challenges of incorporating qMRI biomarkers in oncological trials are discussed including understanding biological mechanisms revealed by MRI biomarkers, consideration of rigorous trial design and standardized implementation of qMRI protocols.
Serum cytokine profile of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Sotirović J , Perić A , Vojvodić D , Baletić N , Zaletel I , Stanojević I , Erdoglija M , Milojević M 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to evaluate serum cytokine concentrations in healthy individuals and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients.Methods:A total of 59 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and 44 healthy controls were included. Multiplex analysis of interleukins 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13 and 17 and interferon-gamma with respect to the presence of laryngeal carcinoma, tumour–node–metastasis T stage, nodal involvement and larynx subsite was performed.Results:Statistical analysis revealed no difference in serum cytokine levels between patients and healthy controls. The serum interleukin-12 concentration was significantly higher in patients with early (T1–2) than in those with late (T3–4) stage disease and without nodal involvement (p < 0.05). Serum interleukin-10 levels were significantly higher in T3–4 stage than in T1–2 stage patients (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum interleukin 10, 12 and 13 concentrations (p < 0.05) and interleukin-6 concentration (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in patients with T1–2 stage supraglottic vs glottic tumours.Conclusion:Serum cytokines level cannot be used as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma markers. Progression from T1–2 to T3–4 stage is followed by decreased serum interleukin-12 levels and increased interleukin-10 levels. Nodal involvement is associated with lower serum interleukin-12 levels. In patients with early stage tumours, serum interleukin 6, 10, 12 and 13 concentrations are significantly higher in those with supraglottic vs glottic tumours.
Quantum size phenomena in single-crystalline bismuth nanostructures
Authors: Sedov Egor A. , Riikonen Kari-Pekka , Arutyunov Konstantin Yu. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSize-dependent quantization of energy spectrum of conducting electrons in solids leads to oscillating dependence of electronic properties on corresponding dimension(s). In conventional metals with typical energy Fermi EF ~ 1 eV and the charge carrier's effective masses m* of the order of free electron mass m0, the quantum size phenomena provide noticeable impact only at nanometer scales. Here we experimentally demonstrate that in single-crystalline semimetal bismuth nanostructures the electronic conductivity non-monotonously decreases with reduction of the effective diameter. In samples grown along the particular crystallographic orientation the electronic conductivity abruptly increases at scales of about 50 nm due to metal-to-insulator transition mediated by the quantum confinement effect. The experimental findings are in reasonable agreement with theory predictions. The quantum-size phenomena should be taken into consideration to optimize operation of the next generation of ultra-small quantum nanoelectronic circuits.
Rotational Effects of Nanoparticles for Cooling down Ultracold Neutrons
Authors: Tu Xiaoqing , Sun Guangai , Gong Jian , Liu Lijuan , Ren Yong , Gao Penglin , Wang Wenzhao , Yan H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDue to quantum coherence, nanoparticles have very large cross sections when scattering with very cold or Ultracold Neutrons (UCN). By calculating the scattering cross section quantum mechanically at first, then treating the nanoparticles as classical objects when including the rotational effects, we can derive the associated energy transfer. We find that rotational effects could play an important role in slowing down UCN. In consequence, the slowing down efficiency can be improved by as much as ~40%. Since thermalization of neutrons with the moderator requires typically hundreds of collisions between them, a ~40% increase of the efficiency per collision could have a significant effect. Other possible applications, such as neutrons scattering with nano shells and magnetic particles,and reducing the systematics induced by the geometric phase effect using nanoparticles in the neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM), are also discussed in this paper.
GEAR: A database of Genomic Elements Associated with drug Resistance
Authors: Wang Yin-Ying , Chen Wei-Hua , Xiao Pei-Pei , Xie Wen-Bin , Luo Qibin , Bork Peer , Zhao Xing-Ming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDrug resistance is becoming a serious problem that leads to the failure of standard treatments, which is generally developed because of genetic mutations of certain molecules. Here, we present GEAR (A database of G enomic E lements A ssociated with drug R esistance) that aims to provide comprehensive information about genomic elements (including genes, single-nucleotide polymorphisms and microRNAs) that are responsible for drug resistance. Right now, GEAR contains 1631 associations between 201 human drugs and 758 genes, 106 associations between 29 human drugs and 66 miRNAs, and 44 associations between 17 human drugs and 22 SNPs. These relationships are firstly extracted from primary literature with text mining and then manually curated. The drug resistome deposited in GEAR provides insights into the genetic factors underlying drug resistance. In addition, new indications and potential drug combinations can be identified based on the resistome. The GEAR database can be freely accessed through http://gear.comp-sysbio.org.
Correlations between TBL1XR1 and recurrence of colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Hongda , Xu Yunfei , Zhang Qun , Li Kangshuai , Wang Dawei , Li Shuo , Ning Shanglei , Yang Hui , Shi Weichen , Liu Zhaochen , Chen Yuxin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMore than 25% localized CRC patients died from post-operative metastasis, and risk of metastasis varies among individuals due to the high heterogeneity of CRC. Therefore, figuring out potential biomarkers for disease recurrence would be invaluable to improve the follow-up efficiency and clinical treatment. Transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) is a core component of the nuclear receptor corepressor complex, which functions as a repressive coregulatory factor for multiple transcription factors. The clinical significance of TBL1XR1 in CRC hasn’t been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression of TBL1XR1 in primary CRC tissues and liver metastases from TNM stage IV CRC patients, and found that its expression in primary tumor tissues was an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence. Thus, we enrolled another cohort including TNM stage I-III patients to further evaluate the relationship between TBL1XR1 expression and disease recurrence. Accordingly, high TBL1XR1 expression indicates poor disease-free survival of stage I-III CRC patients. Furthermore, we confirmed the importance of β-catenin signaling pathways in TBL1XR1-mediated CRC cell oncogenicity by clinical and cellular results. Our results emphasize the necessity of individual therapy decisions based on clinical biomarkers, especially for localized CRC patients who are not routinely treated with adjunctive chemotherapy.