bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Salvage Cystectomy after the Faolure of Organ Preserving Treatment in Patients with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Панахов  , Panakhov A. , Романов  , Romanov V. , Евсюкова  , Evsyukova O. , Петерс  , Peters M. , Калинин  , Kalinin S. , Фигурин  , Figurin K. , Черняев  , Chernyaev V. , Тхакохов  , Tkhakokhov M. , Волкова  , Volkova M. , Матвеев  , Matveev V. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To prove the safety of the salvage cystectomy after organ preserving treatment in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Material and methods: In the research retrospective data of 130 patients with muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were selected. In the main group 66 patients undergoing of the salvage cystectomy after radiotherapy were included, in the control group – 64 patients who underwent of radical cystectomy without prior treatment. The main and control groups were matched by age, gender, category with cN (p &#62; 0.05 for all). In the main group tumors which were beyond the bladder wall, hydronephrosis were more frequently diagnosed; during the salvage operations pelvic lymph node dissection rarely performed (p = 0.03) and orthotopic bladder substitution was made (p = 0.027).
Results: The median of duration of the salvage cystectomy was 310 min, which was not significantly different from 300 minutes in the control group (p = 0.711). The median of amount of bleeding of the patients undergoing surgery after irradiation, was not significantly lower than that the patients who had cystectomy which performed without prior radiation therapy (1329 and 1802 ml respectively, p = 0.118). The frequency of intraoperative complications of saving cystectomy was 10.6 %, which did not differ from 7.8 % in the control group (p = 0.300). Only one kind of complication of cystectomy after radiation therapy was difficult to control the bleeding in 6 cases (9.1 %). The frequency of postoperative complications – 42.7 % in the main and control group 42.2 % (p = 0.530). The perioperative mortality was equal to 6.1 %. The operating time, blood loss, frequency, structure and severity of complications i did not differ significantly n the main and control groups (p &#62; 0.05 for all).
Conclusion: The salvage cystectomy is indicated to a sick muscle-invasive bladder cancer with an incomplete effect, relapse or intolerable toxicity, organ-preserving treatment, including radiation therapy. Desmoplastic reactions of the irradiated tissue cause the technical complexity of the interference and worsen the conditions for reparation. The most common intraoperative complication of salvage cystectomy is bleeding, in the structure of postoperative complications infections, intestinal obstruction and complications of the urinary anastomoses dominate. The accumulation of surgical experience make the frequency and severity complications of the salvage radical cystectomy comparable, offsetting an increase of operational risk in previously irradiated patients.
Evaluation of Therapeutic Gain \factor in Neutron Therapy Based on the Linear Quadratic Model
Authors: Лисин  , Lisin V. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To study the dependencies of therapeutic gain factor (TGF) on dose of cyclotron-produced fast neutron beams using the linear-quadratic model (LQM) parameters characterizing radiation response in tumor and normal tissues.
Material and methods: The TGF in neutron therapy was calculated as the ratio of the relative biological effectiveness of neutrons for tumor (RBE tumor) to relative biological effectiveness for normal tissue (RBE normal tissue). The LQM was used to calculate the dependencies of neutron RBE on the dose and therapeutic gain factor. We considered two cases: 1) neutron therapy for 3 types of tumors with different radiation response, where the same normal tissue was critical; 2) neutron therapy for the same tumor, when 3 types of normal tissues were taken as critical.
Results: Based on calculations and analysis of published data, the dependencies of neutron RBE on dose for selected types of tumors and normal tissues were obtained. The following variants were considered: 1) RBE tumor &#62; RBE normal tissue; 2) RBE tumor &#60; RBE normal tissue, in both two variants, the dependen-
cies in the therapeutic dose rate were convergent; 3) the dependencies of RBE tumor and RBE normal tissue on dose are crossed. The dependencies of TGF for neutron therapy on single boost doses and quantitative ratios between the LQM parameters characterizing radiation response of tumor and normal tissues were found. A multivariate ratio between the dependencies on dose of RBE tumor and RBE normal tissue was the cause of variety in the dependencies of TGF on dose. In the first case, the TGF increased with increasing (α/β)γ ratio and decreasing single dose, and the maximum value of TGF was equal to ~ 1.4. In the second case, TGF was &#60; 1, i.e. the effectiveness of neutron therapy was lower than the effectiveness of gamma irradiation, but it was increased with higher single dose and lower radiosensitivity of normal tissue. In the third case, the dose at the intersection point (Di) was the boundary, and TGF was &#62; 1 to the left of the boundary, and TPV was &#60;1 to the right of the boundary, provided that D &#60;Di, RBEtumor &#62; OBEnormal tissue.
Conclusion: The obtained results with known parameters of the LQM for tumor and normal tissues allowed us to make an appropriate choice between neutron and gamma- ray therapy in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment for cancer patients. It was shown that in the case of neutron therapy, the analysis of dependencies of TGF on dose allowed the optimal dose fractionation regimen to be selected.
Ultrasound: A potential new approach for cardiac arrest management
Authors: Walker Eoin 
Published: March 2017

Introduction:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) is a common occurrence within the pre-hospital environment (approximately 10,000 OHCA in London - over one third of England's national total of 28000; BHF 2015 ). The management can be associated with difficult decision-making. Ultrasound (US) has recently been introduced to critical care practice, yet evidence is poor around this topic in relation to OHCA.Search strategy:All cardiac arrest empirical literature within the last 15 years on US both in-hospital and pre-hospital.Discussion:Sensitivity analyses within OHCA in comparison with current practice show US is more accurate in predicting mortality than it is in predicting survivability to hospital admission or discharge. US is therefore well placed as a tool for cardiac arrest management alongside End Tidal Carbon Dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring and Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, as none have the benefit of being a linear marker of survival.Conclusion:Recommendations show that US should form part of critical care management in OHCA as a sensitive real time marker of kinetic ventricular activity. This is alongside other markers of cardiac output, all of which carry variable levels of sensitivity (ECG, ETCO2) to best inform the advanced paramedic practitioner.
Bisphosphonates and atypical subtrochanteric fractures of the femur
Authors: Kharwadkar N. , Mayne B. , Lawrence J. E. , Khanduja V. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives Bisphosphonates are widely used as first-line treatment for primary and secondary prevention of fragility fractures. Whilst they have proved effective in this role, there is growing concern over their long-term use, with much evidence linking bisphosphonate-related suppression of bone remodelling to an increased risk of atypical subtrochanteric fractures of the femur (AFFs). The objective of this article is to review this evidence, while presenting the current available strategies for the management of AFFs. Methods We present an evaluation of current literature relating to the pathogenesis and treatment of AFFs in the context of bisphosphonate use. Results Six broad themes relating to the pathogenesis and management of bisphosphonate-related AFFs are presented. The key themes in fracture pathogenesis are: bone microdamage accumulation; altered bone mineralisation and altered collagen formation. The key themes in fracture management are: medical therapy and surgical therapy. In addition, primary prevention strategies for AFFs are discussed. Conclusions This article presents current knowledge about the relationship between bisphosphonates and the development of AFFs, and highlights key areas for future research. In particular, studies aimed at identifying at-risk subpopulations and organising surveillance for those on long-term therapy will be crucial in both increasing our understanding of the condition, and improving population outcomes. Cite this article: N. Kharwadkar, B. Mayne, J. E. Lawrence, V. Khanduja. Bisphosphonates and atypical subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:144–153. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.63.BJR-2016-0125.R1.
Geographical modelling based on spatial differentiation of fire brigade actions: A case study of Brno, Czech Republic
Authors: Popelínský Jan , Vachuda Jan , Veselý Ondřej 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The paper analyzes crisis situations solved by The Fire Rescue Service of the South Moravian Region (FRS) in the city of Brno during 24 weeks between 7th April 2013 and 20th September 2013. The article deals briefly with all FRS actions and then focuses on fires. The open-access database of FRS is used for analysis. It is accessed from a database of the innovative web application StreetAlert, which allows users to learn about current fire brigade actions in the specified distance from the mobile phone. The data are processed in PostgreSQL and then spatial analysis is performed using the most detailed administrative division of the city – basic settlement units. As this division of urban space is used also in the most recent Czech census (2011), it is possible to use sociodemographic statistical data for comparison. The article identifies spatial regularities in the distribution of fires, describes the structure of the fires in terms of the type of event (fires of waste, fires of grass and forest, fires of buildings), discovers their possible dependence on the specific characteristics of urban space, finds potentially dangerous places (kernel density analysis), draws valid conclusions applicable to similar settlements, and shows the possible use of the data for local government. The main benefit of the research lies in revealing the spatial distribution of the examined phenomena.
The Methodology of Selecting the Transport Mode for Companies on the Slovak Transport Market
Authors: Černá Lenka , Zitrický Vladislav , Daniš Jozef 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTransport volume in the Slovak Republic is growing continuously every year. This rising trend is influenced by the development of car industry and its suppliers. Slovak republic has also a geographic strategy position in middle Europe from the side of transport corridors (east-west and north-south). The development of transport volume in freight transport depends on the transport and business processes between the European Union and China and it is an opportunity for Slovak republic to obtain transit transport flows.In the Slovak Republic, road transport has a dominant position in the transport market. The volume of road transport has gradually increased over the past years. The increase of road transport is reflected on the highways and speed roads in regions which have higher economic potential. The increase of rail transport as seen on the main rail corridors is not as significant as in road transport. Trade globalization also has an influence on the increase of transport volume in intermodal transport. Predicted increase in transport volume for this transport mode is from 2,3 mil ton per year at present to 8 mil ton in the year 2020. Selection of transport mode and carrier is an important aspect for logistic management, because companies (customers) want to reduce the number of carriers which they trade and they create the system of several key carriers. Bigger transport volume and more qualitative transport service give a possibility to reduce transport costs. This trend is positive for carriers too, because the carriers can focus only on the selected customers and provide more qualitative services.The paper is focused on the selection of transport mode based on the proposed methodology. The aims of the paper are, definition of criteria which directly influence the selection of transport modes, determination of criteria based on the subjectively methods, creation of process for the selection of transport modes and practical application of proposed methodology.
Female Factory Workers in Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna’s Quest
Authors: Fusco Carla 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFemale workers represent a fundamental component of the workforce to the extent that it is true that the Industrial Revolution owes them a huge debt. However, despite the unfair exploitation of many women in factories in which conditions resembled manslaughter, they have been often neglected and reduced to liminal characters by Victorian novelists. An interesting exception in the early Victorian period is represented by the writer Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna, whose fiction works as a medium of social criticism. Her semi-fictional The Wrongs of Woman is a reform novel which sheds a controversial light on female working conditions. On the one hand she indeed deplores the inhuman treatment of female labourers, but on the other hand she also argues that female employment provokes a consequent increase in male unemployment! My paper aims to investigate the role of Tonna’s text and her attempt to alleviate working-class suffering.
Gaskell’s Characters Challenging Gender Norms
Authors: Alban Gillian M. E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper evaluates women characters of Elizabeth Gaskell0’s social novels set in England’s industrial era. While in some ways a traditional woman of her age, Gaskell assumes responsibility and nurture as a duty of men as well as women, and shows her powerful women escaping gender norms, making her worthy of more notice as a social critic than she often gains.
Media Bound Culture of Women’s Identity and Desire
Authors: Adhikari Harasankar 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The post global era is signified in terms of women’s changed status in the patriarchal society of India. Their participation in the work force is not experienced as good or as desired because they have to face rampant violence related to their reorganized desires. The media-bound culture is a prime cause of their mimetic behavior in lifestyle and other choices. This paper attempts to raise two questions: Might this be the major cause of the violence? Is there a relationship between consumerism and women’s body as sex commodity?
The “Woman Question” and Western Neo-Imperialism in Harold Pinter’s the New World Order
Authors: Burcar Lilijana 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Pinter’s short dramatic piece questions the women’s rights discourse that USA-led Western hegemonic powers rely heavily upon when justifying their incursions into the territories of the Global South. The play blasts this posture apart by pointing to the patriarchal paradigm and gendered hierarchies that inform the structuration of Western capitalist societies and which neo-imperial Western powers in their search for bigger profits and new markets inevitably transplant into annexed territories under their direct or indirect control.
“Witness Through the Imagination”: Gendered Perceptions of the Holocaust and Its Aftermath in Cynthia Ozick’s the Shawl
Authors: Ghiță Roxana 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile Holocaust historiography and literary criticism have typically been male-centred, on the presumption that the experiences of women and men were essentially identical, the aim of this study is to investigate gendered perceptions and representations of the Holocaust and its aftermath in Cynthia Ozick’s two-part fictional narrative The Shawl. The narrative focuses on the gender-based suffering of women and the murder of their innocent children and includes a brief account of a mother’s witnessing of her daughter’s electrocution in a concentration camp. The second part of the narrative represents an extended exposition of that atrocity’s psychological toll on the mother’s postwar life and her sense of being suspended in a liminal space between life and death, plagued by the constant intrusion of the Holocaust into her life.
Reply to Abedinifard
Authors: Davies Christie 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The incessant telling of political jokes hostile to the regime over decades had no impact on the strength of the Soviet Union. If under these most propitious of circumstances jokes had no effect then Davies concludes that jokes never do have any macro-consequences. Abedinifard disagrees claiming, using Iranian jokes about the homosexuals of the town Qazvin as his example, that jokes can have consequences where they reinforce a growing local sentiment in this case Iranian homophobia. Davies’ reply is that in Iran as in the Soviet case jokes are a puny, unimportant and ambiguous force in a world of strong unambiguous forces, in this case punitive and lethal Islamic homophobia. Davies further points out that the Qazvin jokes are the same as the ones told in Pashto in Afghanistan about the city of Kandahar and refer not to gay men in the Western sense but to macho warriors who assert their dominance by penetrating young boys who are expected to submit to them. The rigorist Islamic Taliban used capital punishment to repress these pederastic same sex practices but failed. The Afghan jokes are very funny but utterly unimportant in such a world of strong forces.
English language pre-service and in-service teachers’ self-efficacy and attitudes towards integration of students with learning difficulties
Authors: Cimermanová Ivana 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The study of foreign languages is obligatory for all pupils in Slovakia, where the first foreign language is English. Conforming to integration legislation, pupils with special educational needs (SEN) are taught in mainstream classes. Foreign language teachers, however, lack training and where not prepared how to apply teaching methods and techniques for pupils with SEN in the regular language learning class. In the study presented, 187 elementary school teachers filled out questionnaires dealing with integration of pupils with SEN and possible inclusion of learners with disabilities in Slovakia and a group of 56 university FLT students - teachers-to-be. Teachers are not forced and/or encouraged to take part in in-service courses or other education on how to teach these pupils. The pre-service teachers are offered courses on SEN teaching, however, these are not compulsory and mostly general education oriented. The majority of in-service and pre-service teachers felt that pupils with SEN should be taught in regular education class. The article also describes the current situation concerning integration of students with SEN using the official statistical data.
Foreign language education to seniors through intergenerational programmes
Authors: Határ Ctibor , Jedličková Petra , de Morais Marianna Müller 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The intergenerational learning within various types of social environment and in relation to different target groups has long covered a wide range of uses. The professional literature mostly describes its benefits for children and young people, however, the intergenerational education also contributes to the development of personality and the saturation of the educational and psycho-social needs of both adults and seniors. The paper represents the authors’ output of the VEGA research project No. 1/0176/15 and it is structured into three chapters. In the first chapter, the author deals with the opportunities of the foreign language education for (not only) disabled seniors. The second chapter focuses on the intergenerational programmes that can be used in the language education of (not only) disabled seniors who are clients of social residential facilities. In the third chapter, the author elaborates the psychological aspects of the foreign language education of seniors.
Instructional DVD video lesson with code switching: its effect on the performance level in dancing social dance among grade 10 special program in the art students of the Philippines
Authors: Capilitan Fernando T. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper shows that the experimental group who are exposed to DVD Video Lesson that uses code switching language has an average mean score in the pretest of 1.56, and this increased to an average mean of 3.50 in the posttest. The control group that uses DVD Video Lesson that uses purely English language got an average mean of 1.06 in the pretest and increased to 1.53 in the posttest. Based on the results of the performance posttest taken by the two groups, the experimental group has a dramatic increase in scores from the pretest to posttest. Although both groups had increased in their performance scores from pretest to posttest, the experimental group (code switching language) performs well in the posttest than the control group. As revealed in this findings , there is a significant difference in the posttest scores between the experimental group who are exposed to DVD lesson that uses code switching as a medium of instruction and the control group who are exposed to DVD lesson that uses English. The students who are exposed to the Video Lesson that uses code switching perform well than those students who are exposed in DVD video lesson that uses purely English language. DVD Video lesson that uses code switching as a medium of instruction in teaching social dance is the useful approach in teaching Grade 10 Special Program in the Art students. The language used (code switching) is the powerful medium of instruction that enhances the learning outcomes of the students to perform well. This paper could be an eye opener to the Department of Education to inculcate the used of first language/local language or MTB-MLE, not only in Grade I to III but all level in K to 12 programs, since education is a key factor for building a better nation.
Implementation of motivational strategies between head teachers and foreign language teachers
Authors: Pisoňová Mária 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
There is no doubt these days that knowledge of different forms of motivation and its implementation in the work environment is a prerequisite for improving the quality of work results and subsequent achievement of organizational goals. Every head teacher meets this phenomenon. A lack of motivation is behind a number of unfulfilled tasks, unwillingness to look for efficient work practices, absence, disloyalty to their own society, refusing overtime, not accepting necessary changes, ignoring requests for assistance, and more. It is not easy to find a way to solve these problems. However, theory and practice go hand in hand and together it creates the perfect symbiosis which looks at the ailments mentioned and gradually finds answers. Where to start in order to be successful in this quest? We should first recognize the meaning and importance of motivation in the work process. The role of the head teacher is to know teachers to have a positive impact on their behaviour and entrust them with such tasks corresponding to their knowledge and skills. Work motivation is focused on carrying out a work obligation and should lead to the required working behaviour. Motivation to work is also connected to the work environment and climate in which teachers work. In general, we can say that teachers’ satisfaction at work determines their personal relationships outside the workplace as well.
For this reason, we decided to handle the theme on the specifics of the process of motivation occurring in the relationship between head teachers and foreign language teachers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the issues of the specifics of the process of motivation in the relationship between head teachers and foreign language teachers.