bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Sambandam Yuvaraj , Reddy Sakamuri V. , Mulligan Jennifer L. , Voelkel-Johnson Christina , Wagner Carol L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe vitamin D levels in mothers affect the health status of both the mother and breastfeeding infant. Vitamin D deficient mothers’ infants are prone to rickets. While tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been implicated in cellular growth/apoptosis, immune cell function and bone-resorbing osteoclast formation, the expression of TRAIL in human milk as a function of vitamin D status in mothers remains unknown. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency alters TRAIL protein levels in human breast milk and mammary epithelial cells. Milk from vitamin D deficient mothers showed high levels of TRAIL (α and β) proteins compared to milk from vitamin D replete women. Western blot analysis of total cell lysate obtained from normal human mammary epithelial (HME-1) cells treated with variable doses (0–20 nM) of vitamin D for 24 h demonstrated that low levels (0.5 to 5 nM) significantly increased the TRAIL α but no change in β expression. In contrast, vitamin D at 20 nM concentration suppressed the expression of both TRAIL α and β proteins. Consistently, vitamin D regulated TRAIL mRNA expression in HME-1 cells. Our results indicate that vitamin D status in mothers modulates TRAIL expression in breast milk, which may have implications for both mother and infant health.
Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis
Authors: Bai Lingling , Shao Hui , Wang Hongxing , Zhang Zhihui , Su Chang , Dong Lijie , Yu Bo , Chen Xiteng , Li Xiaorong , Zhang Xiaomin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorated experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) were thought to carry functions of MSCs. In this study, we tested the effect of local administration of human MSC-Exo on established EAU in the same species. Rats with EAU induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein 1177–1191 peptide were treated by periocular injections of increasing doses of MSC-Exo starting at the disease onset for 7 consecutive days. The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. We found that MSC-Exo greatly reduced the intensity of ongoing EAU as their parent cells by reducing the infiltration of T cell subsets, and other inflammatory cells, in the eyes. Furthermore, the chemoattractive effects of CCL2 and CCL21 on inflammatory cells were inhibited by MSC-Exo. However, no inhibitory effect of MSC-Exo on IRBP-specific T cell proliferation was observed. These results suggest that MSC-Exo effectively ameliorate EAU by inhibiting the migration of inflammatory cells, indicating a potential novel therapy of MSC-Exo for uveitis.
Nano-engineering the Antimicrobial Spectrum of Lantibiotics: Activity of Nisin against Gram Negative Bacteria
Authors: Vukomanović Marija , Žunič Vojka , Kunej Špela , Jančar Boštjan , Jeverica Samo , Podlipec Rok , Suvorov Danilo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLantibiotics, bacteria-sourced antimicrobial peptides, are very good candidates for effective and safe food additives. Among them, nisin is already approved by the EU and FDA, and has been used in food preservation for the past 40 years. Now, there is a possibility and strong interest to extend its applicability to biomedicine for designing innovative alternatives to antibiotics. The main obstacle is, however, its naturally narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity, focused on Gram positive bacteria. Here we demonstrate broadening nisin’s spectrum to Gram negative bacteria using a nano-engineering approach. After binding nisin molecules to the surface of gold nano-features, uniformly deposited on spherical carbon templates, we created a nanocomposite with a high density of positively charged groups. Before assembly, none of the components of the nanocomposite showed any activity against bacterial growth, which was changed after assembly in the form of the nanocomposite. For the first time we showed that this type of structure enables interactions capable of disintegrating the wall of Gram negative bacteria. As confirmed by the nisin model, the developed approach opens up new horizons for the use of lantibiotics in designing post-antibiotic drugs.
The Lower Cambrian of the Salair and Gorny Altai (Siberia) revisited
Authors: Sennikov Nikolay V. , Korovnikov Igor’ V. , Obut Olga T. , Tokarev Dmitry A. , Novozhilova Natalya V. , Danelian Taniel 
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses the fossil record, stratigraphy and sedimentary environments of lower Cambrian sequences that crop out in the Salair and Gorny Altai, southern part of western Siberia (Russia).
Numerous and well-preserved archaeocyaths and a few small shelly fossils (SSF) have been discovered in carbonate sequences that crop out nearby the Gavrilovka village, Salair. The presence of the Gordonicyathus howelliarchaeocyath Zone is established for the first time in this thick sequence of biogenic carbonates, in addition to the Nochoroicyathus mariinskii Zone, which was known previously from the Gavrilovka Formation. Both of these zones are Atdabanian in age. It is likely that accumulation of the Gavrilovka Formation took place in relatively shallow waters, along reef buildups surrounded by lagoons with archaeocyaths.
In the Ak-Kaya section of the Gorny Altai, the trilobite species Alacephalus contortus and Poliellaspis rotundata, known previously from the upper Atdabanian, were discovered, only a few meters above horizons bearing lower Botoman trilobites. We may consider that the previously known age range of these two species is slightly longer and should be extended up to the lower Botoman. Alternatively, on the basis of their paleoecological affinity for agitated waters, these trilobites may be interpreted as reworked in lower Botoman strata.
Analysing multimodal argumentation within the pragma-dialectical framework
Authors: Tseronis Assimakis 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this chapter, I argue that the theoretical assumptions and concrete analytical concepts of Pragma-dialectics constitute a fertile ground for the study of visual and multimodal argumentation. This is primarily because the pragma-dialectical theory takes a procedural, pragmatic and functional approach to the study of argumentation which allows it to incorporate insights from the growing field of multimodal discourse analysis. Within the pragma-dialectical approach, next to the evidentiary function of visual images other argumentative functions can be researched, such as the use of images to advance a standpoint, to criticize, to explain and to draw attention to various aspects of the argumentative procedure. It is also argued that Pragma-dialectics can accommodate insights from multimodal analysis in order to account for the meaning conveyed not only by the verbal and visual content but also by the verbal and visual style as well as by the interplay of the various semiotic modes. Moreover, its focus on the institutional constraints and possibilities of a variety of communicative practices makes it possible not only to consider the context in a systematic way in order to reconstruct multimodal argumentative discourse but also to describe specific argumentative activity types which employ images and text. As a case in point, I analyse a series of front covers from The Economist in order to show how the interplay of image and text amounts to strategic manoeuvring.
The effects of short versus long inter‐set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review
Authors: Grgic Jozo , Lazinica Bruno , Mikulic Pavle , Krieger James W. , Schoenfeld Brad Jon 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough the effects of short versus long inter‐set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy have been investigated in several studies, the findings are equivocal and the practical implications remain unclear. In an attempt to provide clarity on the topic, we performed a systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) electronic databases. Six studies were found to have met the inclusion criteria: (a) an experimental trial published in an English‐language peer‐reviewed journal; (b) the study compared the use of short (≤60 s) to long (>60 s) inter‐set rest intervals in a traditional dynamic resistance exercise using both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, with the only difference in resistance training among groups being the inter‐set rest interval duration; (c) at least one method of measuring changes in muscle mass was used in the study; (d) the study lasted for a minimum of four weeks, employed a training frequency of ≥2 resistance training days per week, and (e) used human participants without known chronic disease or injury. Current evidence indicates that both short and long inter‐set rest intervals may be useful when training for achieving gains in muscle hypertrophy. Novel findings involving trained participants using measures sensitive to detect changes in muscle hypertrophy suggest a possible advantage for the use of long rest intervals to elicit hypertrophic effects. However, due to the paucity of studies with similar designs, further research is needed to provide a clear differentiation between these two approaches.
Why the Concept of “Visual Illusions” Is Misleading
Authors: Purves Dale , Wojtach William T. , Beau Lotto R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A common misconception is that we see the world in accord with physical reality but are sometimes fooled in special circumstances that give rise to discrepancies between reality and what we perceive (visual illusions). Evidence accumulated over the past decade, however, indicates that all visual perceptions are at odds with the physical parameters of the world. Since biological visual systems cannot measure the world but must nonetheless afford the ability to behave in it, animals create biologically determined visual stimuli based on their value to reproductive success. In light of this evidence, the phrase “visual illusions” is misleading and should be abandoned.
The Leaning Tower Illusion
Authors: Kingdom Frederick A. A. , Yoonessi Ali , Gheorghiu Elena 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The Leaning Tower Illusion is the illusion in which two identical images of the Leaning Tower of Pisa photographed from below, placed side by side, appear to rise at different angles. The illusion is not restricted to the Pisa tower however; it occurs in any pair of identical images of objects that appear to recede into the distance. This chapter argues that the illusion results from the misapplication of the visual system’s in-built mechanisms for correcting the distortions due to perspective in two-dimensional images of three-dimensional scenes. The relationship between the Leaning Tower illusion and size constancy illusions is discussed, and it is concluded that they are likely to be closely related.
High-speed and high-ratio referential genome compression
Authors: Liu Yuansheng , Peng Hui , Wong Limsoon , Li Jinyan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The rapidly increasing number of genomes generated by high-throughput sequencing platforms and assembly algorithms is accompanied by problems in data storage, compression and communication. Traditional compression algorithms are unable to meet the demand of high compression ratio due to the intrinsic challenging features of DNA sequences such as small alphabet size, frequent repeats and palindromes. Reference-based lossless compression, by which only the differences between two similar genomes are stored, is a promising approach with high compression ratio.

Results
We present a high-performance referential genome compression algorithm named HiRGC. It is based on a 2-bit encoding scheme and an advanced greedy-matching search on a hash table. We compare the performance of HiRGC with four state-of-the-art compression methods on a benchmark dataset of eight human genomes. HiRGC takes &lt;30 min to compress about 21 gigabytes of each set of the seven target genomes into 96–260 megabytes, achieving compression ratios of 217 to 82 times. This performance is at least 1.9 times better than the best competing algorithm on its best case. Our compression speed is also at least 2.9 times faster. HiRGC is stable and robust to deal with different reference genomes. In contrast, the competing methods’ performance varies widely on different reference genomes. More experiments on 100 human genomes from the 1000 Genome Project and on genomes of several other species again demonstrate that HiRGC’s performance is consistently excellent.

Availability and implementation
The C ++ and Java source codes of our algorithm are freely available for academic and non-commercial use. They can be downloaded from https://github.com/yuansliu/HiRGC.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Temporal lobe networks supporting the comprehension of spoken words
Authors: Bonilha Leonardo , Hillis Argye E , Hickok Gregory , den Ouden Dirk B , Rorden Chris , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Auditory word comprehension is a cognitive process that involves the transformation of auditory signals into abstract concepts. Traditional lesion-based studies of stroke survivors with aphasia have suggested that neocortical regions adjacent to auditory cortex are primarily responsible for word comprehension. However, recent primary progressive aphasia and normal neurophysiological studies have challenged this concept, suggesting that the left temporal pole is crucial for word comprehension. Due to its vasculature, the temporal pole is not commonly completely lesioned in stroke survivors and this heterogeneity may have prevented its identification in lesion-based studies of auditory comprehension. We aimed to resolve this controversy using a combined voxel-based—and structural connectome—lesion symptom mapping approach, since cortical dysfunction after stroke can arise from cortical damage or from white matter disconnection. Magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging-based structural connectome), auditory word comprehension and object recognition tests were obtained from 67 chronic left hemisphere stroke survivors. We observed that damage to the inferior temporal gyrus, to the fusiform gyrus and to a white matter network including the left posterior temporal region and its connections to the middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and cingulate cortex, was associated with word comprehension difficulties after factoring out object recognition. These results suggest that the posterior lateral and inferior temporal regions are crucial for word comprehension, serving as a hub to integrate auditory and conceptual processing. Early processing linking auditory words to concepts is situated in posterior lateral temporal regions, whereas additional and deeper levels of semantic processing likely require more anterior temporal regions.
10.1093/brain/awx169_video1 awx169media1 5555638084001
Colonial dispossession, developmental discourses, and humanitarian solidarity in ‘Area C’: the case of the Palestinian Yanun Village
Authors: Meari Lena 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Yanun village, which was categorized as part of ‘Area C’ by the Oslo accords, this article analyses the collusion of the mainstream hegemonic developmental discourse with the colonial project in colonized Palestine. It also analyses the politics of and limitations of contemporary forms of international solidarity with Palestinian communities in ‘Area C’. The article situates the devastating life conditions of Yanun community within the Zionist settler colonial project in Palestine with its ongoing structural and violent forms of dispossession, land appropriation, expulsion and displacement of Palestinians, particularly in ‘Area C’, which constitutes the current frontier for Zionist settler colonial expansionism. By examining Yanun community’s survival tactics, the article illustrates how the hegemonic developmental discourse on ‘Area C’ constitutes the masses of Palestinians as subjects of humanitarian aid. The article also shows how the humanitarian approach of solidarity with Yanun’s community constitutes the condition of Palestinian victimhood, cancels its anticolonial agency, and patronizes its forms of anticolonial resistance by employing the tactics of eye witnessing Palestinians’ life under occupation and employing the language of non-violence.
Living Arrangements, Disability and Gender of Older Adults Among Rural South Africa
Authors: Schatz Enid , Ralston Margaret , Madhavan Sangeetha , Collinson Mark A , Gómez-Olivé F Xavier 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective
A limited understanding exists of the relationship between disability and older persons’ living arrangements in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examine the associations between living arrangements, disability, and gender for individuals older than 50 years in rural South Africa.

Method
Using the Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) survey and Agincourt Health and socio-Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) data, we explore older persons’ self-reported disability by living arrangements and gender, paying particular attention to various multigenerational arrangements.

Results
Controlling for past disability status, a significant relationship between living arrangements and current disability remains, but is moderated by gender. Older persons in households where they may be more “productive” report higher levels of disability; there are fewer differences in women’s than men’s reported disability levels across living arrangement categories.

Discussion
This study underscores the need to examine living arrangements and disability through a gendered lens, with particular attention to heterogeneity among multigenerational living arrangements. Some living arrangements may take a greater toll on older persons than others. Important policy implications for South Africa and other LMICs emerge among vibrant debates about the role of social welfare programs in improving the health of older individuals.
Validation of adapted daily dose definitions for hospital antibacterial drug use evaluation: a multicentre study
Authors: Först Gesche , de With Katja , Weber Nadine , Borde Johannes , Querbach Christiane , Kleideiter Johannes , Seifert Claudia , Hagel Stefan , Ambrosch Andreas , Löbermann Micha , Schröder Philipp , Steib-Bauert Michaela , Kern Winfried V ,   ABS-QI Study Group,   Additional members of the ABS-QI Study Group, Beier Stephanie , Binesch Faranak , Burzynski Beate , Devide Anette , Donat Martina , Endler Katja , Feihl Susanne , Freidank Annette , Früchtel-Unterholzner Edeltraud , Gödde Norbert , Gründel Ralf , Grzibiela Wolfgang , Kaiser Réné , Kawecki Piotr , Knoth Holger , Kohlbrenner Stefan , Lerner Johanna , Loers Edeltraud , Müller Matthias , Papathanasiou Nikolas , Probst Wiltrud , Putzbach Jens , Reimer Marion , Reinwald Ann-Christin , Rusche Ruth , Scheerer Martin , Zessin Enrico 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
The WHO/ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) index DDD (WHO-DDD) is commonly used for drug consumption measurement. Discrepancies between WHO-DDD and actual prescribed daily doses (PDD) in hospitals have prompted alternative dose definitions adapted to doses recommended in hospital practice guidelines [recommended daily doses (RDD)].

Methods
In order to validate RDD we performed modified point prevalence surveys in 24 acute care hospitals and recorded 20620 PDD of antibiotics given to 4226 adult patients on the day of the survey and the 6 preceding days. We calculated RDD and WHO-DDD and compared them with PDD.

Results
The rate of RDD corresponding to PDD was higher than the corresponding rate for WHO-DDD (pooled data, 55% versus 30%) and the differences were similar across the hospital sample, but varied according to drug/drug class, route of administration, indication and renal function. RDD underestimated actual consumption by 14% overall, while WHO-DDD overestimated total antibacterial consumption by 28% (pooled data; median values RDD −10% versus WHO-DDD +32%). The deviations of estimated from actual drug use volumes were largest for β-lactams (RDD −11% versus WHO-DDD +49%), in particular for penicillins (−11% versus +64%), if WHO-DDD were used.

Conclusions
Hospital antibiotic consumption surveillance systems using current WHO-DDD should address the uneven discrepancies between actual prescribing and consumption estimates according to drug class that may lead to misclassification in benchmark analyses. We recommend using validated RDD as a supplementary measure to the WHO-DDD for detailed analyses.
Lessons learned from piloting mHealth informatics practice curriculum into a medical elective
Authors: Fernando Juanita , Lindley Jennifer 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Introduction
This case study reports the development and delivery of an mHealth elective piloted for first-year undergraduate medical students at Monash University (Australia) and the lessons learned by designers.

Results
The students were not as adept at using mHealth devices as the literature had predicted. Expert speakers using mHealth for practice perceptibly engaged students. Force-field analysis was a useful basis for devising end-user evaluative research tools for practice. Combining small- and large-group discussions with eLearning discussions promoted student engagement with new concepts and associated jargon. Assessment by mHealth informatics champions supported the students’ independent learning.

Lessons learned
Promotion of mHealth curriculum must be transparent and clear. Our elective delivery was hampered by a lack of suitable mobile device ownership and limited availability of useful, free apps. Technological jargon required clarification. Educators require particular mHealth informatics and educational expertise to support mHealth pedagogies. This learning helps to prepare medical curriculum designers for addressing evolving mHealth practice horizons.
An Examination of the 1960s Attempt at a New Brand Identity for the General Post Office
Authors: Cabianca David 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In 1965, the UK designer F.H.K. Henrion was commissioned by the General Post Office to survey the state of design within the organization. The survey report was to form the basis for commissioning a new corporate identity, or ‘house style’, intended to visually unify the various operational divisions of the GPO as well as cultivate the image of a modern and progressive public entity in the minds of the public. Ultimately, thanks to factors that actively or indirectly hampered his efforts, Henrion’s attempt to produce a new, modern identity would, in large part, collapse. While it is true many professional projects do not bear fruit, one does not typically have a detailed account of the factors which might lead an initiative to fail. In this instance, archival records present a tale of intransigence precipitated by career civil servants determined to secure their positions, the conscious obstruction of change because of professional jealousy, and an overall general ineptitude when strength of leadership was required. This paper uses records from client correspondence, PO Board minutes, and internal memos housed in the British Postal Museum to trace the development of Henrion’s efforts from the client’s perspective.