bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF ACCRETION FLOW DYNAMICS ON THE BLACK HOLE SHADOW OF SAGITTARIUS A*
Authors: Pu Hung-Yi , Akiyama Kazunori , Asada Keiichi 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
A radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF), which is commonly characterized by its sub-Keplerian nature, is a favored accretion model for the supermassive black hole at the Galactic center, Sagittarius A*. To investigate the observable features of an RIAF, we compare the modeled shadow images, visibilities, and spectra of three flow models with dynamics characterized by (i) a Keplerian shell that is rigidly rotating outside the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) and infalling with a constant angular momentum inside ISCO, (ii) a sub-Keplerian motion, and (iii) a free-falling motion with zero angular momentum at infinity. At near-millimeter wavelengths, the emission is dominated by the flow within several Schwarzschild radii. The energy shift due to these flow dynamics becomes important and distinguishable, suggesting that the flow dynamics are an important model parameter for interpreting the millimeter/sub-millimeter very long baseline interferometric observations with the forthcoming, fully assembled Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). As an example, we demonstrate that structural variations of Sagittarius A* on event horizon-scales detected in previous EHT observations can be explained by the non-stationary dynamics of an RIAF.
SUNSPOT SIZES AND THE SOLAR CYCLE: ANALYSIS USING KODAIKANAL WHITE-LIGHT DIGITIZED DATA
Authors: Mandal Sudip , Banerjee Dipankar 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Sizes of the sunspots vary widely during the progression of a solar cycle. Long-term variation studies of different sunspot sizes are key to better understand the underlying process of sunspot formation and their connection to the solar dynamo. The Kodaikanal white-light digitized archive provides daily sunspot observations for a period of 90 years (1921–2011). Using different size criteria on the detected individual sunspots, we have generated yearly averaged sunspot area time series for the full Sun as well as for the individual hemispheres. In this Letter, we have used the sunspot area values instead of sunspot numbers used in earlier studies. Analysis of these different time series show that different properties of the sunspot cycles depend on the sunspot sizes. The “odd–even rule” double peaks during the cycle maxima and the long-term periodicities in the area data are found to be present for specific sunspot sizes and are absent or not so prominent in other size ranges. Apart from that, we also find a range of periodicities in the asymmetry index that have a dependency on the sunspot sizes. These statistical differences in the different size ranges may indicate that a complex dynamo action is responsible for the generation and dynamics of sunspots with different sizes.
THE FINAL FATES OF ACCRETING SUPERMASSIVE STARS
Authors: Umeda Hideyuki , Hosokawa Takashi , Omukai Kazuyuki , Yoshida Naoki 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The formation of supermassive stars (SMSs) via rapid mass accretion and their direct collapse into black holes (BHs) is a promising pathway for sowing seeds of supermassive BHs in the early universe. We calculate the evolution of rapidly accreting SMSs by solving the stellar structure equations including nuclear burning as well as general relativistic (GR) effects up to the onset of the collapse. We find that such SMSs have a less concentrated structure than a fully convective counterpart, which is often postulated for non-accreting ones. This effect stabilizes the stars against GR instability even above the classical upper mass limit ≳105 M
⊙ derived for the fully convective stars. The accreting SMS begins to collapse at the higher mass with the higher accretion rate. The collapse occurs when the nuclear fuel is exhausted only for cases with

. With

, the star becomes GR unstable during the helium-burning stage at M ≃ 2–3.5 × 105 M
⊙. In an extreme case with 10

, the star does not collapse until the mass reaches ≃8.0 × 105 M
⊙, where it is still in the hydrogen-burning stage. We expect that BHs with roughly the same mass will be left behind after the collapse in all the cases.
EVIDENCE OF ONGOING RADIAL MIGRATION IN NGC 6754: AZIMUTHAL VARIATIONS OF THE GAS PROPERTIES
Authors: Sánchez-Menguiano L. , Sánchez S. F. , Kawata D. , Chemin L. , Pérez I. , Ruiz-Lara T. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Galbany L. , Anderson J. P. , Grand R. J. J. , Minchev I. , Gómez F. A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Understanding the nature of spiral structure in disk galaxies is one of the main, and still unsolved, questions in galactic astronomy. However, theoretical works are proposing new testable predictions whose detection is becoming feasible with recent development in instrumentation. In particular, streaming motions along spiral arms are expected to induce azimuthal variations in the chemical composition of a galaxy at a given galactic radius. In this Letter, we analyze the gas content in NGC 6754 with VLT/MUSE data to characterize its 2D chemical composition and Hα line of sight velocity distribution. We find that the trailing (leading) edge of the NGC 6754 spiral arms show signatures of tangentially slower, radially outward (tangentially faster, radially inward) streaming motions of metal-rich (poor) gas over a large range of radii. These results show direct evidence of gas radial migration for the first time. We compare our results with the gas behavior in an N-body disk simulation showing spiral morphological features rotating with a similar speed as the gas at every radius, in good agreement with the observed trend. This indicates that the spiral arm features in NGC 6754 may be transient and rotate similarly as the gas does at a large range of radii.
La better regulation entre coordination européenne et relations triangulaires : OCDE, États membres et Union européenne
Authors: Hadjiisky Magdaléna 
Published: October 2016

Résumé La présence de l’Union européenne à l’OCDE permet d’étudier la coordination européenne en contexte multilatéral. À l’instar des États membres, l’Union européenne dispose d’une Représentation permanente auprès de l’OCDE ; les agents de la Commission européenne sont invités aux Comités et Réseaux formant l’ossature de l’OCDE. Fondée sur une analyse documentaire et sur une série d’entretiens avec les acteurs engagés dans la réforme de la politique de la réglementation ( better regulation ), notre analyse montre comment, dans certains domaines, la coordination institutionnelle peut céder le pas devant des jeux triangulaires d’acteurs nationaux et internationaux traçant les contours d’une diplomatie de l’« influence ».
La « Modernisation de l’action publique » en question
Authors: Chevallier Jacques 
Published: October 2016

Résumé Lancée après 2012, la politique de « Modernisation de l’action publique » (MAP) entendait se démarquer, par ses méthodes et par ses orientations, de la « Révision générale des politiques publiques » précédemment entreprise. Passant par plusieurs étapes successives, elle a connu une série d’inflexions concernant tant son pilotage que ses priorités. Si elles ne sont pas négligeables, les innovations qu’elle comporte se situent cependant dans une large mesure dans le prolongement de ce qui avait été déjà engagé.
RAGE Enhances TLR Responses through Binding and Internalization of RNA
Authors: Bertheloot Damien , Naumovski Allison L. , Langhoff Pia , Horvath Gabor L. , Jin Tengchuan , Xiao Tsan Sam , Garbi Natalio , Agrawal Sudhir , Kolbeck Roland , Latz Eicke 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Nucleic acid recognition is an important mechanism that enables the innate immune system to detect microbial infection and tissue damage. To minimize the recognition of self-derived nucleic acids, all nucleic acid–sensing signaling receptors are sequestered away from the cell surface and are activated in the cytoplasm or in endosomes. Nucleic acid sensing in endosomes relies on members of the TLR family. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) was recently shown to bind DNA at the cell surface, facilitating DNA internalization and subsequent recognition by TLR9. In this article, we show that RAGE binds RNA molecules in a sequence-independent manner and enhances cellular RNA uptake into endosomes. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrate that RAGE increases the sensitivity of all ssRNA-sensing TLRs (TLR7, TLR8, TLR13), suggesting that RAGE is an integral part of the endosomal nucleic acid–sensing system.
mTOR Signaling Regulates Protective Activity of Transferred CD4+Foxp3+ T Cells in Repair of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Chen Guochun , Dong Zheng , Liu Hong , Liu Yu , Duan Shaobin , Liu Yinghong , Liu Fuyou , Chen Huihui 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are required for normal immune homeostasis. Recent studies suggested that Treg transfer facilitates recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI), but the molecular events that maintain Treg function after adoptive transfer remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in the Treg-mediated therapeutic effect on ischemic AKI. We noted significant Treg expansion in C57BL/6 mouse kidney, with enhanced immunosuppressive capacity after renal ischemia/reperfusion. mTOR inhibition significantly increased the frequency of Tregs in cultured CD4+ T cells, with enhanced production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which, conversely, was reduced by mTOR activation. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, was transiently administered to C57BL/6 mice before ischemia/reperfusion surgery. No beneficial effect of rapamycin treatment was seen in the early recovery of AKI as a result of its inhibitory effect on tubular regeneration. However, rapamycin markedly enhanced the expansion of kidney Tregs, with increased mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Adoptive transfer of rapamycin-treated Tregs markedly suppressed conventional T cells, responder myeloid cells, and reactive myofibroblasts; however, it promoted host Tregs and alternative macrophages, leading to better renal function and less kidney fibrosis. Taken together, Treg transfer with mTOR inhibition markedly improves outcomes of ischemic AKI. These findings reveal an important role for mTOR signaling in maintaining Treg activity after adoptive transfer and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting Tregs in acute and chronic kidney disease.
Discrete TCR Binding Kinetics Control Invariant NKT Cell Selection and Central Priming
Authors: Cruz Tleugabulova Mayra , Escalante Nichole K. , Deng Shenglou , Fieve Stephanie , Ereño-Orbea June , Savage Paul B. , Julien Jean-Philippe , Mallevaey Thierry 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells develop and differentiate in the thymus, segregating into iNKT1/2/17 subsets akin to Th1/2/17 classical CD4+ T cells; however, iNKT TCRs recognize Ags in a fundamentally different way. How the biophysical parameters of iNKT TCRs influence signal strength in vivo and how such signals affect the development and differentiation of these cells are unknown. In this study, we manipulated TCRs in vivo to generate clonotypic iNKT cells using TCR retrogenic chimeras. We report that the biophysical properties of CD1d–lipid–TCR interactions differentially impacted the development and effector differentiation of iNKT cells. Whereas selection efficiency strongly correlated with TCR avidity, TCR signaling, cell–cell conjugate formation, and iNKT effector differentiation correlated with the half-life of CD1d–lipid–TCR interactions. TCR binding properties, however, did not modulate Ag-induced iNKT cytokine production. Our work establishes that discrete TCR interaction kinetics influence iNKT cell development and central priming.
Utility and limitations of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique in the detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in products of conception
Authors: Saxena D , Agarwal M , Gupta D , Agrawal S , Das V , Phadke SR 
Published: October 2016

Background and Introduction:
Chromosomal abnormality is found in about half of first-trimester abortions. Karyotype is the gold standard to detect chromosomal abnormalities. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) offers advantage over karyotype in terms of lower failure rate, faster turnaround time, and much higher resolution than conventional karyotyping and found to be 98% concordant with conventional karyotype.

Aim:
We performed this study to look for the utility of MLPA in diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities in first-trimester abortions.

Materials and Methods:
MLPA using subtelomeric SALSA probe sets (P036 and P070) was used to detect cytogenetic abnormalities in products of conception in missed/spontaneous abortions.

Results:
A total of ninety abortus samples were analyzed by MLPA. Successful results were provided in (67) 74.4% of the cases while no conclusion could be drawn in 25.6% (23) of the cases. Fifty-five (82.1%) cases were cytogenetically normal and 17.9% (12) had some abnormality. Aneuploidy was detected in 8 (66.7%) cases, 3 (25%) had double-segment imbalance, and one (8.3%) had partial aneuploidy.

Conclusion:
We suggest that MLPA is a good substitute to traditional karyotype.
Improving Diabetes Knowledge and Self-Care Practices
Authors: Formosa Cynthia , Muscat Ryan 
Published: October 2016

Background:
This study sought to identify the nature and extent of diabetes-related knowledge and self-care practices in people living with type 2 diabetes who attend primary-care clinics and to determine whether a correlation between the two exists.

Methods:
In a nonexperimental prospective study, the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities were used to assess knowledge and self-management in 50 patients.

Results:
The mean diabetes knowledge score was 14.40 out of a total of 24 and the mean self-care activities score was 2.89 out of a total of 7, indicating a deficit in a number of key areas in the management of diabetes. There was no statistically significant correlation between diabetes knowledge score and diabetes self-care activities (r = 0.190, P = 0.187). On analysis of the individual subscales, a significant relationship resulted between diabetes knowledge score and diet (r = 0.324, P = 0.022) but physical activity (r = 0.179, P = 0.214), blood sugar testing (r = 0.231, P = 0.107) and footcare (r = 0.189, P = 0.189) gave no significant results. On further analysis, education level was significantly correlated to diabetes knowledge score (r = 0.374, P = 0.007) and self-care activities score (r = 0.317, P = 0.025) while age was significantly correlated to diabetes knowledge score (P = 0.008) and self-care activities score (P = 0.035).

Conclusions:
Integrating theories of behavior change into educational interventions at the primary-care level may translate to improved care, reduced long-term complications, and better quality of life.
Epitaxially grown crystalline Al2O3 interlayer on β-Ga2O3(010) and its suppressed interface state density
Authors: Kamimura Takafumi , Krishnamurthy Daivasigamani , Kuramata Akito , Yamakoshi Shigenobu , Higashiwaki Masataka 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Al2O3 films were deposited on β-Ga2O3(010) and β-Ga2O3

substrates by atomic layer deposition at 250 °C, and their interface state densities (D
it) at shallow energies were evaluated using a high–low capacitance–voltage (C–V) method. Al2O3/β-Ga2O3(010) showed lower D
it values (5.9 × 1010 to 9.3 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1) than Al2O3/β-Ga2O3

(2.0 × 1011 to 2.0 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1) in an energy range of −0.8 to −0.1 eV. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated the formation of a uniform amorphous Al2O3 layer on the β-Ga2O3

substrate. In contrast, a crystalline Al2O3 interlayer with a thickness of 3.2 ± 0.7 nm with an amorphous Al2O3 top layer was formed on the β-Ga2O3(010) substrate, which effectively decreased D
it. Moreover, thicker interlayers showing lower D
it values at deep state levels were formed at deposition temperatures higher than 100 °C, which were evaluated by shifts in the C–V curves.
Intranodal signal suppression in pelvic MR lymphography of prostate cancer patients: a quantitative comparison of ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol
Authors: Debats Oscar A. , Fortuin Ansje S. , Meijer Hanneke J.M. , Hambrock Thomas , Litjens Geert J.S. , Barentsz Jelle O. , Huisman Henkjan J. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesThe key to MR lymphography is suppression of T2* MR signal in normal lymph nodes, while retaining high signal in metastatic nodes. Our objective is to quantitatively compare the ability of ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol to suppress the MR signal in normal pelvic lymph nodes.MethodsIn 2010, a set of consecutive patients who underwent intravenous MR Lymphography (MRL) were included. Signal suppression in normal lymph nodes in T2*-weighted images due to uptake of USPIO (Ultra-Small Superparamagnetic Particles of Iron Oxide) was quantified. Signal suppression by two USPIO contrast agents, ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol was compared using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.ResultsForty-four patients were included, of which all 44 had a ferumoxtran-10 MRL and 4 had additionally a ferumoxytol MRL. A total of 684 lymph nodes were identified in the images, of which 174 had been diagnosed as metastatic. USPIO-induced signal suppression in normal lymph nodes was significantly stronger in ferumoxtran-10 MRL than in ferumoxytol MRL (p < 0.005).ConclusionsT2* signal suppression in normal pelvic lymph nodes is significantly stronger with ferumoxtran-10 than with ferumoxytol, which may affect diagnostic accuracy.
Formal modeling and analysis of ER-αassociated Biological Regulatory Network in breast cancer
Authors: Khalid Samra , Hanif Rumeza , Tareen Samar H.K. , Siddiqa Amnah , Bibi Zurah , Ahmad Jamil 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is one of the leading cause of death among females worldwide. The increasing incidence of BC is due to various genetic and environmental changes which lead to the disruption of cellular signaling network(s). It is a complex disease in which several interlinking signaling cascades play a crucial role in establishing a complex regulatory network. The logical modeling approach of René Thomas has been applied to analyze the behavior of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) associated Biological Regulatory Network (BRN) for a small part of complex events that leads to BC metastasis.MethodsA discrete model was constructed using the kinetic logic formalism and its set of logical parameters were obtained using the model checking technique implemented in the SMBioNet software which is consistent with biological observations. The discrete model was further enriched with continuous dynamics by converting it into an equivalent Petri Net (PN) to analyze the logical parameters of the involved entities.ResultsIn-silicobased discrete and continuous modeling of ER-αassociated signaling network involved in BC provides information about behaviors and gene-gene interaction in detail. The dynamics of discrete model revealed, imperative behaviors represented as cyclic paths and trajectories leading to pathogenic states such as metastasis. Results suggest that the increased expressions of receptors ER-α, IGF-1R and EGFR slow down the activity of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) such as BRCA1, p53 and Mdm2 which can lead to metastasis. Therefore, IGF-1R and EGFR are considered as important inhibitory targets to control the metastasis in BC.ConclusionThein-silicoapproaches allow us to increase our understanding of the functional properties of living organisms. It opens new avenues of investigations of multiple inhibitory targets (ER-α, IGF-1R and EGFR) for wet lab experiments as well as provided valuable insights in the treatment of cancers such as BC.
First wind shear observation in PMSE with the tristatic EISCAT VHF radar
Authors: Mann I. , Häggström I. , Tjulin A. , Rostami S. , Anyairo C. C. , Dalin P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Polar Summer Mesosphere has the lowest temperatures that occur in the entire Earth system. Water ice particles below the optically observable size range participate there in the formation of strong radar echoes (Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes, PMSE). To study PMSE we carried out observations with the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) VHF and EISCAT UHF radar simultaneously from a site near Tromsø (69.58°N, 19.2272°E) and observed VHF backscattering also with the EISCAT receivers in Kiruna (67.86°N, 20.44°E) and Sodankylä (67.36°N, 26.63°E). This is one of the first tristatic measurements with EISCAT VHF, and we therefore describe the observations and geometry in detail. We present observations made on 26 June 2013 from 7:00 to 13:00 h UT where we found similar PMSE patterns with all three VHF receivers and found signs of wind shear in PMSE. The observations suggest that the PMSE contains sublayers that move in different directions horizontally, and this points to Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability possibly playing a role in PMSE formation. We find no signs of PMSE in the UHF data. The electron densities that we derive from observed incoherent scatter at UHF are at PMSE altitudes close to the noise level but possibly indicate reduced electron densities directly above the PMSE.
Photoassisted Oxygen Reduction Reaction in H2–O2 Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang Bingqing , Wang Shengyang , Fan Wenjun , Ma Weiguang , Liang Zhenxing , Shi Jingying , Liao Shijun , Li Can 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key step in H2–O2 fuel cells, which, however, suffers from slow kinetics even for state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. In this work, by making use of photocatalysis, the ORR was significantly accelerated with a polymer semiconductor (polyterthiophene). The onset potential underwent a positive shift from 0.66 to 1.34 V, and the current was enhanced by a factor of 44 at 0.6 V. The improvement was further confirmed in a proof‐of‐concept light‐driven H2–O2 fuel cell, in which the open circuit voltage (Voc) increased from 0.64 to 1.18 V, and the short circuit current (Jsc) was doubled. This novel tandem structure combining a polymer solar cell and a fuel cell enables the simultaneous utilization of photo‐ and electrochemical energy, showing promising potential for applications in energy conversion and storage.
Improvement of Ligand Affinity and Thermodynamic Properties by NMR‐Based Evaluation of Local Dynamics and Surface Complementarity in the Receptor‐Bound State
Authors: Mizukoshi Yumiko , Takeuchi Koh , Arutaki Misa , Tokunaga Yuji , Takizawa Takeshi , Hanzawa Hiroyuki , Shimada Ichio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe thermodynamic properties of a ligand in the bound state affect its binding specificity. Strict binding specificity can be achieved by introducing multiple spatially defined interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, into the ligand–receptor interface. These introduced interactions are characterized by restricted local dynamics and improved surface complementarity in the bound state. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the local dynamics and the surface complementarity of weak‐affinity ligands in the receptor‐bound state by forbidden coherence transfer analysis in free‐bound exchange systems (Ex‐FCT), using the interaction between a ligand, a myocyte‐enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) docking peptide, and a receptor, p38α, as a model system. The Ex‐FCT analyses successfully provided information for the rational design of a ligand with higher affinity and preferable thermodynamic properties for p38α.