bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
دراسة تحليلية لقصّة طالوت و جالوت في القرآن الكريم
Authors: Kouhsari Seyyed Hosseini 
Published: February 2016

<p dir="RTL"><strong><br /></strong></p><p dir="RTL"><strong>خلاصة</strong> : من هذه المقالة و بناءً على بعض ما ورد في فلسفة التاريخ، نتناول دراسة و تحليلا من وجهة نظر القرآن الكريم لقصّة «طالوت و جالوت»، ببيان فني كما نشير ضمن تحليل القصّة إلى «فلسفة التاريخ والجهاد والتصدي للظالمين» والذي يشمل: أرضيّة الجهاد، الحاجة للقائد في حركة الجهاد، شروط القائد، النجاحات والإخفاقات في مسيرة المجاهدين، مصير الانتهازيين في ميدان الجهاد، الإمدادات الغيبية للمجاهدين، اختيار المجاهدين، الخوف من جالوت من معالم الفاشلين، استقامة جماعة قليلة العدد من المجاهدين، انتصار القلة، دعاء المجاهدين القلّة في مجال الصبر و الاستقامة، انتصار المجاهدين، و في النهاية استعراض الدليل على مشروعية أصل الجهاد والتصدي للظالمين.</p><p dir="RTL"><strong>كلمات دلالية : </strong>طالوت، جالوت، فلسفة التاريخ، الجهاد، الناجحين و الفاشلين</p><p dir="RTL"> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Berdasarkan studi filsafat sejarah maka dari artikel ini didapatkan suatu kajian dan analisis yang berkaitan dengan pandangan al-Quran terhadap kisah Thalut dan Jalut melalui penjelasan yang artistik. Analisis kisah didasarkan pada filsafat sejarah, jihad dan perlawanan terhadap orang-orang yang lalim. Analisis tersebut mencakup latar belakang jihad, pertolongan gaib bagi para pejuang, ikhtiar para pejuang, rasa takut pada Jalut sebagai pelajaran bagi orang-orang gagal, konsistensi kelompok minoritas dari para pejuang, kemenangan minoritas, doa kelompok minoritas dari para pejuang untuk tetap sabar dan konsisten, kemenangan para pejuang, dan pembahasan tentang argumentasi pensyariatan jihad dan perlawanan terhadap orang-orang yang lalim.</p><p><strong><em>Kata-kata kunci:</em></strong><em> Thalut,</em> <em>Jalut, filsafat sejarah, jihad, orang-orang berhasil, orang-orang gagal.</em></p>
Underbalanced Drilling: A Reservoir Design Perspective
Authors: Bennion D. Brant , Thomas F. Brent 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Underbalanced drilling is used with increasing frequency on a worldwide basis to reduce invasive formation damage effects and drilling problems associated with many horizontal wells in challenging reservoir exploitation situations. When the primary objective of the underbalanced drilling operation is to reduce or eliminate formation damage effects, the importance of maintaining a continuous underbalanced pressure condition during the complete operation is essential in obtaining the maximum benefit with respect to formation damage reduction. The importance of this has been emphasized in previous work, but this paper details some of the specific reservoir design and operational parameters which must be considered to ensure that the underbalanced pressure condition is maintained on a continuous basis. This includes such issues as pipe connection effects, various wellbore geometries, frictional flow and back pressure effects, localized depletion effects, gravity invasion and drainage effects, countercurrent imbibition effects, hole cleaning, bit jetting, and a number of other issues which can affect the ability to maintain a continuously underbalanced condition in a given reservoir situation. Examples of these situations will be presented, along with suggestions in certain operational circumstances which can be utilized to reduce the effect of these problems.
Minimizing Borehole Instability Risks in Build Sections Through Shales
Authors: McLellan P. , Hawkes C. , Yuan Y. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Borehole instability problems such as stuck pipe, hole enlargement causing poor hole cleaning, and deviation control often arise in the build sections of horizontal wells drilled from surface or as re-entries from existing vertical wells. A drilling fluid system with optimized density, fluid loss, and clay inhibition properties can usually be selected to eliminate or reduce the risk of costly lost time. The selection of such a fluid system depends upon the characteristics of the shales, the in-situ stress state, the planned well trajectory and other well design criteria. This paper reviews the principal causes of mechanical and chemical instability in shales located in build sections and demonstrates several practical software tools and techniques for designing such wells. One international and two Western Canadian field examples in different types of shale will be presented.
Production Enhancement of Prolific, Extended Reach Gas Lift Oil Wells: Case History of Systematic Problem Resolution
Authors: Dunn R. , Yu D. , Tiss M. , Murphy D. , Hahn D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Most oil wells producing from the Glauconite YY Pool of the Lake Newell field in Southern Alberta, Canada have very high flow capacities. Wellbore operations are complicated by the configuration of the slant wells with surface angles of 45° that can reach 75 ° at bottom and horizontal displacements in excess of 2000 m. During the development of this field, it was determined that there was a full cycle economic advantage to utilize gas lift as the primary artificial lift scheme because of the extended reach slant wellbore configurations. In 1996 opportunities to economically enhance production and accelerate recovery were identified in several of these gas lifted wells.
Well bore performance could not be matched to any theoretical tubular flow simulation thus a significant effort was made to understand these differences which, after consultation with various international experts, still did not offer a definitive explanation. Some of the production impairment mechanisms considered were phase separation and stratification of fluids (water, oil, gas) in the tubing, wax/paraffin formation, and unknown fluid rheologies. An attempt to production log one well was unsuccessful because the well ceased to produce with the decreased flow diameter of coiled tubing inside 73 mm (2.875 inch) production tubing. Since some wells are producing at drawdowns as low as 5%, significant production enhancement opportunities still needed to be pursued along with identifying the wellbore production impairment mechanism.
Larger diameter tubing (89 mm - 3.5 inch) was run in a 70% water cut well increasing production from 135 m3/D (850 BPD) to 180 m3/D (1130 BPD) which was still significantly lower than theoretical rates of 500 m3/D (3145 BPD). A demulsifier chemical, that the cross functional property team had previously identified as being effective in reducing high pressure drops in surface piping, was introduced into the injection gas stream. Two days after chemical injection began, the well started to produce at theoretically predicted production rates; however, it was very unstable and would cycle to original rates for long periods of time followed by very high rates again due to changing annular fluid levels. This prompted the installation of a chemical injection capillary tubing to bottom resulting in sustained production o 480 m3/D (3019 BPD) which is a 150% increase and near the theoretically predicted rates.
This paper will sequentially outline the diagnostic and operational methodology used to solve the very difficult problems encountered with unconventional wellbores and fluids. It will emphasize the value of teamwork in problem resolution and how automated monitoring can greatly enhance the analysis of all information and situations. It will briefly address the surface system debottlenecking and optimization. The well improvements outlined in this paper have significantly contributed to enhancing the economic oil recovery of the YY Pool.
THE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION COLLABORATIVE OCCULTATION NETWORK: A SYSTEM FOR COORDINATED TNO OCCULTATION OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Buie Marc W. , Keller John M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We describe a new system and method for collecting coordinated occultation observations of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Occultations by objects in the outer solar system are more difficult to predict due to their large distance and limited span of the astrometric data used to determine their orbits and positions. This project brings together the research and educational community into a unique citizen-science partnership to overcome the difficulties of observing these distant objects. The goal of the project is to get sizes and shapes for TNOs with diameters larger than 100 km. As a result of the system design it will also serve as a probe for binary systems with spatial separations as small as contact systems. Traditional occultation efforts strive to get a prediction sufficiently good to place mobile ground stations in the shadow track. Our system takes a new approach of setting up a large number of fixed observing stations and letting the shadows come to the network. The nominal spacing of the stations is 50 km so that we ensure two chords at our limiting size. The spread of the network is roughly 2000 km along a roughly north–south line in the western United States. The network contains 56 stations that are committed to the project and we get additional ad hoc support from International Occultation Timing Association members. At our minimum size, two stations will record an event while the other stations will be probing the inner regions for secondary events. Larger objects will get more chords and will allow determination of shape profiles. The stations are almost exclusively sited and associated with schools, usually at the 9–12 grade level. We present a full description of the system we have developed for the continued exploration of the Kuiper Belt.
THE CDF ARCHIVE: HERSCHEL PACS AND SPIRE SPECTROSCOPIC DATA PIPELINE AND PRODUCTS FOR PROTOSTARS AND YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS
Authors: Green Joel D. , Yang Yao-Lun , II Neal J. Evans , Karska Agata , Herczeg Gregory , Dishoeck Ewine F. van , Lee Jeong-Eun , Larson Rebecca L. , Bouwman Jeroen 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the COPS-DIGIT-FOOSH (CDF) Herschel spectroscopy data product archive, and related ancillary data products, along with data fidelity assessments, and a user-created archive in collaboration with the Herschel-PACS and SPIRE ICC groups. Our products include datacubes, contour maps, automated line fitting results, and best 1D spectra products for all protostellar and disk sources observed with PACS in RangeScan mode for two observing programs: the DIGIT Open Time Key Program (KPOT_nevans_1 and SDP_nevans_1; PI: N. Evans), and the FOOSH Open Time Program (OT1_jgreen02_2; PI: J. Green). In addition, we provide our best SPIRE-FTS spectroscopic products for the COPS Open Time Program (OT2_jgreen02_6; PI: J. Green) and FOOSH sources. We include details of data processing, descriptions of output products, and tests of their reliability for user applications. We identify the parts of the data set to be used with caution. The resulting absolute flux calibration has improved in almost all cases. Compared to previous reductions, the resulting rotational temperatures and numbers of CO molecules have changed substantially in some sources. On average, however, the rotational temperatures have not changed substantially (<2%), but the number of warm (T
rot ∼ 300 K) CO molecules has increased by about 18%.
FEELING THE PULL: A STUDY OF NATURAL GALACTIC ACCELEROMETERS. I. PHOTOMETRY OF THE DELICATE STELLAR STREAM OF THE PALOMAR 5 GLOBULAR CLUSTER*
Authors: Ibata Rodrigo A. , Lewis Geraint F. , Martin Nicolas F. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of wide-field photometric surveys of the Palomar 5 globular cluster and its stellar stream, based on

- and

-band measures together with narrow-band DDO 51 photometry. In this first study, we use the deep (g, r) data to measure the incidence of gaps and peaks along the stream. Examining the star-counts profile of the stream plus contaminating populations, we find no evidence for significant underdensities, and find only a single significant overdensity. This is at odds with earlier studies based on matched-filter maps derived from shallower SDSS data if the contaminating population possesses plausible spatial properties. The lack of substantial substructure along the stream may be used in future dynamical simulations to examine the incidence of dark matter sub-halos in the Galactic halo. We also present a measurement of the relative distances along the stream, which we use to create the deepest wide-field map of this system to date.
MARGINALIZING INSTRUMENT SYSTEMATICS IN HST WFC3 TRANSIT LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Wakeford H. R. , Sing D. K. , Evans T. , Deming D. , Mandell A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) infrared observations at 1.1–1.7 μm probe primarily the H2O absorption band at 1.4 μm, and have provided low-resolution transmission spectra for a wide range of exoplanets. We present the application of marginalization based on Gibson to analyze exoplanet transit light curves obtained from HST WFC3 to better determine important transit parameters such as R

p
/R
*, which are important for accurate detections of H2O. We approximate the evidence, often referred to as the marginal likelihood, for a grid of systematic models using the Akaike Information Criterion. We then calculate the evidence-based weight assigned to each systematic model and use the information from all tested models to calculate the final marginalized transit parameters for both the band-integrated and spectroscopic light curves to construct the transmission spectrum. We find that a majority of the highest weight models contain a correction for a linear trend in time as well as corrections related to HST orbital phase. We additionally test the dependence on the shift in spectral wavelength position over the course of the observations and find that spectroscopic wavelength shifts

best describe the associated systematic in the spectroscopic light curves for most targets while fast scan rate observations of bright targets require an additional level of processing to produce a robust transmission spectrum. The use of marginalization allows for transparent interpretation and understanding of the instrument and the impact of each systematic evaluated statistically for each data set, expanding the ability to make true and comprehensive comparisons between exoplanet atmospheres.
EXPLORING THE ORIGINS OF DEUTERIUM ENRICHMENTS IN SOLAR NEBULAR ORGANICS
Authors: Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Bergin Edwin A. , Alexander Conel M. O’D. , Du Fujun , Graninger Dawn , Öberg Karin I. , Harries Tim J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) enrichments in molecular species provide clues about their original formation environment. The organic materials in primitive solar system bodies generally have higher D/H ratios and show greater D/H variation when compared to D/H in solar system water. We propose this difference arises at least in part due to (1) the availability of additional chemical fractionation pathways for organics beyond that for water, and (2) the higher volatility of key carbon reservoirs compared to oxygen. We test this hypothesis using detailed disk models, including a sophisticated, new disk ionization treatment with a low cosmic-ray ionization rate, and find that disk chemistry leads to higher deuterium enrichment in organics compared to water, helped especially by fractionation via the precursors CH2D+/CH3
+. We also find that the D/H ratio in individual species varies significantly depending on their particular formation pathways. For example, from ∼20–40 au, CH4 can reach

, while D/H in CH3OH remains locally unaltered. Finally, while the global organic D/H in our models can reproduce intermediately elevated D/H in the bulk hydrocarbon reservoir, our models are unable to reproduce the most deuterium-enriched organic materials in the solar system, and thus our model requires some inheritance from the cold interstellar medium from which the Sun formed.
RAPIDLY RISING TRANSIENTS FROM THE SUBARU HYPER SUPRIME-CAM TRANSIENT SURVEY*
Authors: Tanaka Masaomi , Tominaga Nozomu , Morokuma Tomoki , Yasuda Naoki , Furusawa Hisanori , Baklanov Petr V. , Blinnikov Sergei I. , Moriya Takashi J. , Doi Mamoru , Jiang Ji-an , Kato Takahiro , Kikuchi Yuki , Kuncarayakti Hanindyo , Nagao Tohru , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Taniguchi Yuki 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present rapidly rising transients discovered by a high-cadence transient survey with the Subaru telescope and Hyper Suprime-Cam. We discovered five transients at z = 0.384–0.821, showing a rate of rise faster than 1 mag per day in the restframe near-ultraviolet wavelengths. The fast rate of rise and brightness are most similar to SN 2010aq and PS1-13arp, for which ultraviolet emission was detected within a few days after the shock breakout. The lower limit of the event rate of rapidly rising transients is ∼9% of core-collapse supernova rates, assuming the duration of rapid rise to be 1 day. We show that the light curves of the three faint objects agree with the cooling envelope emission from the explosion of red supergiants. The other two luminous objects, however, are brighter and faster than the cooling envelope emission. We interpret these two objects to be the shock breakout from a dense wind with a mass loss rate of ∼10−3

yr−1, as also proposed for PS1-13arp. This mass loss rate is higher than that typically observed for red supergiants. The event rate of these luminous objects is ≳1% of the core-collapse supernova rate, and thus our study implies that more than ∼1% of massive stars can experience intense mass loss a few years before the explosion.
PROPERTIES AND DETECTION LIMITS OF PLANETARY CAUSTIC PERTURBATION INDUCED BY A WIDE-SEPARATION PLANET
Authors: Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Chung Sun-Ju , Lee Ki-Won , Kim Han-Seek , Han Du-Hwan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Microlensing experiments are entering a next generation of survey types to monitor a wide field of view continuously with a frequent sampling. The theoretically predicted sensitivity of a planet detection on the lensing parameters can be used for the establishment of observational strategies for maximal planet detections. Hence, we investigate the detection condition of planetary signals caused by the planetary caustic. We calculate the deviation area induced by the planetary caustic for various lensing parameters and find that the deviation area generally increases according to the increase of the source radius. However, after the normalized source radius approaches a certain value the deviation area rapidly decreases and disappears at the same normalized source radius, regardless of the mass ratio and the separation between the planet and its host star. We find a simple relation between the normalized source radius and the deviation threshold for the largest and smallest deviation areas. From this relation we also find an analytic condition for the detection limit of the planetary signal as the function of the source radius and the deviation threshold. In addition, we compare the deviation areas and the light curves between the planetary caustic perturbation and a free-floating planet. We find that the planetary caustic perturbation can be approximated by the single-lensing light curve of the planet itself perturbed by the planetary caustic. Finally, we can expect to find a low-mass planet with the Earth’s mass or even that of the Earth's moon from the detection condition and conclude that our findings may help for maximal planet detections considering the source type and the photometric accuracy.
Critiques on Thai Educational Research Methodology
Authors: Lapanachokdee Warunee , Lawthong Nuttaporn , Piyapimonsit Chatsiri 
Published: February 2016

<p>This critique aimed to; 1) synthesize a body of knowledge of educational research methodology, 2) analyze and compare educational research methodology in Thai and international research articles, and 3) critique problems, strengths and weaknesses and put forward suggestions for standardizing Thai educational research methodology. Data were obtained from eight international textbooks, 95 articles and four Thai educational research methodology experts. Results revealed that the principles and international standards of educational research methodology included eight methodological categories which covered 34 characteristics. Findings from a comparison of Thai and international research articles indicated that Thai and international research articles were similar in 15 characteristics and different in five characteristics. Thai research articles had six problems relating to educational research methodology: information searching and English skills, educational research instruction, lack of experts in educational research methodology, research finding distribution, educational researcher development, and research article format. </p>
La querelle de 1875
Authors: Déléage Pierre 
Published: February 2016

Le premier Congrès international des américanistes, qui se tint à Nancy en 1875, fut le théâtre d’une violente querelle opposant Léon de Rosny, philologue positiviste, à Émile Petitot, missionnaire de la Congrégation des Oblats de Marie-Immaculée. Les enjeux étaient multiples : si la définition des critères du savoir légitime constituait le principal objectif des organisateurs du congrès, les tenants de la doctrine chrétienne vinrent y défendre, contre le polygénisme de l’anthropologie naissante, l’unité adamique de la race humaine et l’origine asiatique des Amérindiens. C’est toutefois lors de la discussion d’un manuscrit prétendument iroquois que se cristallisèrent les enjeux implicites d’une querelle qui s’attacha soudain à l’origine et à l’authenticité d’une écriture amérindienne : l’insuffisance de l’érudition acquise par le philologue en bibliothèque rejoignit alors la cécité résultant de la relation essentiellement prosélyte que le missionnaire avait établie avec les Amérindiens. L’article se conclut par le rétablissement de la vérité historique : le manuscrit était, en fait, micmac.
La présence autochtone et la figure du médiateur blanc dans le cinéma des Premières Nations
Authors: Bertrand Karine 
Published: February 2016

Pendant de nombreuses décennies, les Premières Nations furent un sujet de prédilection pour les cinéastes qui se présentèrent comme les médiateurs d’une culture envisagée selon un point de vue extérieur. La récente prise en charge de leur représentation par les autochtones eux-mêmes a permis un renversement des rôles, la mise en image de leur culture passant par une revitalisation de la mémoire ancestrale et par la création d’une nouvelle communauté audiovisuelle rassemblée autour du film. Cet article tente de démontrer comment, au sein d’oeuvres telles queLe jour avant lelendemain(2008) etAtanarjuat(2001), la figure du médiateur blanc devient à son tour « tiers absent », sa présence étant suggérée de façon tacite à l’intérieur de la diégèse ainsi qu’à travers l’appropriation d’un médium étranger. L’auteure montre également comment le film et ses participants se présentent à leur tour comme des passeurs de mémoire, à travers la relation qui se crée entre l’oeuvre et les spectateurs lors des projections organisées dans les communautés.