bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Vortex Structures and Turbulent Heat Transport for a Single Jet and Multiple Jets in Crossflow
Authors: Hu Xidong , Onishi Ryo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Large eddy simulation has been carried out for a single jet and five spanwise jets with the jet-to-jet spacing of 1.6 jet nozzle diameter. The jet to crossflow velocity ratio VR is 3.3 and the Reynolds number Rec is 2100, based on crossflow velocity and jet nozzle diameter. The numerical schemes used can reproduce the typical vortex structures of a single jet in crossflow and provide good prediction accuracy. The principal finding is that the counter-rotating vortex pair is only formed in a very short distance in the multi-jets and cannot evolve further due to the significant compression in the spanwise direction and strong stretch in the streamwise direction. The hanging vortex in the multi-jets is split into two disconnected parts, which yields a cat-ear-shaped vortex on the lateral side of the jet body. A pulsating jet flow pattern is formed in the spacing of adjacent jets with the frequency of 32 Hz, which subsequently generates lots of small wakes to the jet downstream. It is found that the turbulent heat flux 〈w′T′〉 is larger in the jet-to-jet border because of the interaction while the turbulent heat flux 〈u′T′〉 is larger at the jet rear because of the velocity acceleration in the multi-jets body.
Experimental Investigation of Gas-Carry-Under at Varying Watercuts for GLCC© Applications
Authors: Awofuwa Daniel O. , Mohan Ram S. , Shoham Ovadia , Kolla Srinivas Swaroop 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC©) is a state-of-the-art multiphase flow compact separator that relies on centrifugal action for separation. The efficient separation of the gas phase is dependent on the swirl intensity of the continuous phase acting on the bubbles, which is, in turn, influenced by the flow rates of the incoming liquid and its properties. Since this action on the gas bubbles is directly related to the unwanted occurrence of Gas-Carry-Under (GCU) in the GLCC, it is necessary to investigate gas-carry-under at varying water cuts to develop a more robust mechanistic model for future GLCC designs.
The main objective of this novel study was to acquire experimental data for three-phase flow (air, water, and mineral oil) using the GLCC test section of the 4-phase TUSTP (Tulsa University Separation Technology Projects) experimental flow loop at the University of Tulsa equipped with a state-of-the-art data acquisition system. GCU data at various water-cuts namely 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% under active control configuration with the liquid level maintained at 6-inch below the inlet of the GLCC are presented for the first time. Analysis of the experimental data shows that the GCU decreases with increased water cut with the most gas-carry-under occurring at 0% water cut (pure mineral oil). In addition, the data shows that GCU decreases with an increase in the superficial liquid velocity across all water cuts.
Investigating Irrigant Flow Characteristics During Manual Root Canal Irrigation Process Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Banjaday Bibek , Janes J. Gregory , Kocharian Tikran , Manoharan Sanjivan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Root Canal Therapy (Endodontic Treatment) is a dental procedure to treat the infected pulp of a tooth. Despite its widespread use, studies reveal bacteria persisting at the root canal’s bottom (apical third), a primary cause of treatment failure. Accessing this region proves challenging due to numerous parameters governing flow characteristics. A comprehensive understanding of how these factors impact flow patterns within the root canal is crucial. While experimental techniques aid in understanding flow patterns, they lack insights into critical characteristics like wall shear stress and turbulent intensity. Computational Fluid Dynamics allows a nuanced understanding of process parameters’ effect on irrigant flow characteristics.
Previous CFD studies focused on oversimplified root canal geometry, yet the human tooth is more complex. This study explores flow characteristics within a realistic and simplified root canal of a canine using a 30G side-vented needle. Flow characteristics examined involved fluid inlet velocity and needle insertion depth. Realistic geometry showed improved flow penetration, significantly lower apical pressures, and reduced shear stress compared to its simplified counterpart. Increased needle depth led to substantially smaller apical pressures, improved flow penetration, altered turbulent intensity patterns, and reduced wall shear stresses compared to the simplified geometry.
Large Eddy Simulation of a Regenerative Pump
Authors: Javadi Ardalan , Aidun Cyrus K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Large eddy simulation (LES) of a regenerative pump is carried out to insightfully analyse the vortical flow driven by the impeller. The driven mechanism yields high heads in circumferential travel of pumped fluid through the impeller’s blades and the annular open side channel. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) is employed to figure out a compromise among imperative geometrical parameters for an averaged uniform outflow. The symmetric side channel reduces the unsteadiness of the outflow in the streamlined outlet. On the other hand, the well-resolved LES result, which is validated against experimental measurement, elaborates the flow field characteristics such as coherent structures generated from the fluid axially entering the inter-blade channel close to the hub and being radially discharged from the channel. This recirculation decides about the mixing rate of pump, the turbulent intensity and the structure size which are of particular interests. The flow entering the side channel transfers the added angular momentum to the peripheral flow in the circumferential direction and into the following inter-blade channels. This repetitive (regenerative) helical path generates high heads at relatively low specific speeds in a single impeller stage.
Modelling Supercritical CO2 Bubble Breakup Dynamics in Twin Screw Extruders
Authors: Kousemaker Tim M. , Druetta Pablo D. , Picchioni Francesco , Vakis Antonis I. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Twin screw extruders are commonly used in polymer processing. Key design features of these devices are the kneading blocks, which are designed and arranged such that e.g., additives and fillers are efficiently distributed in the polymer melt. This work presents CFD analysis of bubble breakup in these kneading zones, comparing counterrotating to corotating systems using both 2D and 3D analyses. The Level Set method is used to model a multiphase system of dispersed supercritical CO2 bubbles in a polypropylene phase. Droplets with radii of 0.5 mm are initialized close to the zone in between the kneading blocks. The results show that the bubble breakup phenomena differ in counter and corotating systems due to different flow profiles. In both cases the breakup shapes are predominantly driven by flow characteristics with counterrotating configurations showing stronger elongation of the bubbles due to elongational flow sections close to the initialization of the original bubble, leading to pinch-off of smaller bubbles compared to the corotating cases.
Modeling of Aerodynamic Decelerator Inflation Using Fluid-Structure Interaction Strategies
Authors: Malof Emanuel , Bayandor Javid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fabric-based parachutes continue to be used as primary aerodynamic decelerators utilized in slowing aircraft, rockets, and landing vehicles. Parachutes decelerate a payload to safe, stable landing speeds utilizing aerodynamic drag forces. To this point, experimental testing of parachutes is expensive and impractical for various canopy shapes and opening velocities. Numerical analyses create an alternative to these costly experiments in terms of both time and money and provide performance analyses in a wide range of environments. Fluid-Structural Interaction (FSI), where the deformable fabric is the structure and the fluid is the surrounding air, is utilized to model the deployment and inflation of the parachute. This paper uses both user-defined implicit finite-element and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software to model the inflation process of a parachute from the flat state to fully deployed. The geometries of the annular Curiosity rover parachute and a hemispherical Air Force (referred to as AFTR) parachute were modeled to provide an experimental data comparison with the inflation simulation. In addition to verifying the FSI of the inflation process, the simulation was used to determine the terminal velocity, drag profile, turbulence and stress experienced by the parachute.
The main focus of the paper is to compare the effects of utilizing a pressure-based turbulence solver with Large Eddy Simulation (LES). While the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model was unable to capture full parachute inflation, LES allowed for full inflation and reduced fabric impingement at a minimal increase to computational time. Additionally, a study into the effects of Lagrangian versus penalty-based contact algorithms to limit fabric impingement was also carried out, with a hybridized model proving to be the best of both models. Overall, this paper reports on a strategy to improve the modeling required to simulate the intricate FSI involved in parachute deployment, with future work aiming at modeling a fully packed to fully inflated parachute in various atmospheric conditions and entry speeds.
Computational Analysis of Foil-Fish Interactions in Low Reynolds Number Flow
Authors: Lei Menglong , Menzer Alec , Dong Haibo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Schooling swimmers can benefit from vortex interaction to increase hydrodynamic performance. To examine the underlying mechanisms of how schooling fish exploit vortices shed from the front, we conducted two-dimensional computational simulations in which a fish model was placed in the vortices generated by two counter-pitching foils. An in-house immersed-boundary method based computational fluid dynamics solver was used to solve the flow field. The motion of the fish model was then calculated from the hydrodynamic pressure and shear acting on the fish. It is found that the distance between the two foils greatly alters the hydrodynamic performance regarding thrust generation and propulsive efficiency. With the counter-pitching foils placed upstream, even if the foils are far apart from each other, the wall effect increases the thrust generation on the fish compared to the solitary fish model. As the foil distance decreases (0.5L ⩽ s &lt; L), the block effect starts to come into play. Lower pressure and velocity are observed on the head which accelerate the fish as the it approaches one of the foils. When the foil distance is much smaller (s = 0.25L), the high velocity jets generated by the foils pushes the fish downstream. Our findings discovered that foil distance impacts hydrodynamic performance diversely. This work offers a unique approach to comprehending fish schools, promising valuable insights into the mechanism behind hydrodynamic enhancement.
Minimizing Redislocation Rates and Restoring Function After Patella Dislocation: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Senese Matthew , Smith Veronika 
Published: September 2024

Clinical Scenario: Patella dislocation is a common knee injury resulting in decreased function, increased knee pain, and a higher risk of recurrent patella dislocation. Patients with patella instability are treated surgically or conservatively with physical therapy to minimize redislocation risk and restore function. Clinical Question: In individuals with a patella dislocation, how does treatment (conservative therapy versus medial patellofemoral ligament [MPFL] surgery) affect redislocation rates and patient-perceived function? Summary of Key Findings: This critically appraised topic included 3 studies assessing outcomes in individuals with patella instability treated with MPFL surgery or conservative management. Outcomes included comparing redislocation rates and Kujala scale perceived knee function between participant groups. Surgery included MPFL reconstruction (MPFL-R) in 1 randomized controlled trial and 1 prospective controlled trial and MPFL repair in another randomized controlled trial. Conservative treatment included physical therapy and bracing. All 3 studies demonstrated significantly lower redislocation rates in individuals managed with surgery versus conservative treatment. Reported knee function was significantly higher in the MPFL-R group compared with individuals conservatively managed at 2-year follow-up but not at 1 year. No significant difference in knee function was present between individuals receiving MPFL repair or conservative management at a 2-year follow-up. Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate-level evidence to support a significant decrease in patella redislocation rates in individuals managed with MPFL surgery compared with conservative treatment. The reviewed studies suggest a significant improvement in patient-perceived knee function at 2 years following MPFL-R but no difference at 1 year following MPFL-R or 2 years after MPFL repair. Strength of Recommendations: Grade B evidence supports lower patella redislocation rates with MPFL surgery compared with nonsurgical treatment. Furthermore, this evidence suggests a potential benefit in perceived knee function 2 years after MPFL-R compared with conservative management.
Pathogenic diversification of the gut commensal
Providencia alcalifaciens
via acquisition of a second type III secretion system
Authors: Klein Jessica A. , Predeus Alexander V. , Greissl Aimee R. , Clark-Herrera Mattie M. , Cruz Eddy , Cundiff Jennifer A. , Haeberle Amanda L. , Howell Maya , Lele Aaditi , Robinson Donna J. , Westerman Trina L. , Wrande Marie , Wright Sarah J. , Green Nicole M. , Vallance Bruce A. , McClelland Michael , Mejia Andres , Goodman Alan G. , Elfenbein Johanna R. , Knodler Leigh A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Providencia alcalifaciens
is a Gram-negative bacterium found in various water and land environments and organisms, including insects and mammals. Some
P. alcalifaciens
strains encode gene homologs of virulence factors found in pathogenic Enterobacterales members, such as
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium and
Shigella flexneri
. Whether these genes are pathogenic determinants in
P. alcalifaciens
is not known. In this study, we investigated
P. alcalifaciens
–host interactions at the cellular level, focusing on the role of two type III secretion systems (T3SS) belonging to the Inv-Mxi/Spa family. T3SS
1b
is widespread in
Providencia
spp. and encoded on the chromosome. A large plasmid that is present in a subset of
P. alcalifaciens
strains, primarily isolated from diarrheal patients, encodes for T3SS
1a
. We show that
P. alcalifaciens
205/92 is internalized into eukaryotic cells, lyses its internalization vacuole, and proliferates in the cytosol. This triggers caspase-4-dependent inflammasome responses in gut epithelial cells. The requirement for the T3SS
1a
in entry, vacuole lysis, and cytosolic proliferation is host cell type-specific, playing a more prominent role in intestinal epithelial cells than in macrophages or insect cells. In a bovine ligated intestinal loop model,
P. alcalifaciens
colonizes the intestinal mucosa and induces mild epithelial damage with negligible fluid accumulation in a T3SS
1a
- and T3SS
1b
-independent manner. However, T3SS
1b
was required for the rapid killing of
Drosophila melanogaster
. We propose that the acquisition of two T3SS has allowed
P. alcalifaciens
to diversify its host range, from a highly virulent pathogen of insects to an opportunistic gastrointestinal pathogen of animals.
Pathways to strengthen the climate resilience of health systems in the Peruvian Amazon by working with Indigenous leaders, communities and health officers
Authors: Vidal-Cuellar Claudia L , Chicmana-Zapata Victoria , Arotoma-Rojas Ingrid , Meza Graciela , Ford James D , Rodríguez Ferruchi Hugo , De-La-Cruz Elida , Lancha-Rucoba Guillermo , Borjas-Cavero Diego B , Loarte Sonia , Alencastre Mamani Ofelia , Peña Palma Victoria I , Coronel-Altamirano Maria G , Benites Ivonne , Pinasco Giovanna , Valera Rosa , Maguiña Huaman Marco , Urteaga-Villanueva Adolfo , Munayco César V , Zavaleta-Cortijo Carol 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundIndigenous knowledge and responses were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect health, showcasing how Indigenous communities participation in health systems could be a pathway to increase resilience to emergent hazards like climate change. This study aimed to inform efforts to enhance climate change resilience in a health context by: (1) examining if and how adaptation to climate change is taking place within health systems in the Peruvian Amazon, (2) understanding how Indigenous communities and leaders’ responses to climatic hazards are being articulated within the official health system and (3) to provide recommendations to increase the climate change resilience of Amazon health systems.MethodsThis study was conducted among two Peruvian Amazon healthcare networks in Junin and Loreto regions. A mixed methodology design was performed using a cross-sectional survey (13 healthcare facilities), semistructured interviews (27 official health system participants and 17 Indigenous participants) and two in-person workshops to validate and select key priorities (32 participants). We used a climate-resilient health system framework linked to the WHO health systems building blocks.ResultsIndigenous and official health systems in the Peruvian Amazon are adapting to climate change. Indigenous responses included the use of Indigenous knowledge on weather variability, vegetal medicine to manage health risks and networks to share food and resources. Official health responses included strategies for climate change and response platforms that acted mainly after the occurrence of climate hazards. Key pathways to articulate Indigenous and official health systems encompass incorporating Indigenous representations in climate and health governance, training the health work force, improving service delivery and access, strengthening the evidence to support Indigenous responses and increasing the budget for climate emergency responses.ConclusionsKey resilience pathways call for a broader paradigm shift in health systems that recognises Indigenous resilience as valuable for health adaptation, moves towards a more participatory health system and broadens the vision of health as a dimension inherently tied to the environment.
Factors influencing implementation and adoption of direct oral penicillin challenge for allergy delabelling: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Jani Yogini H , Williams Iestyn , McErlean Mairead , Bhogal Rashmeet , Ng Bee Yean , Kildonaviciute Kornelija , Balaji Ariyur , Daniels Ron , Dunsmure Louise , Hullur Chidanand , Jones Nicola , Misbah Siraj , Pollard Rachel , Powell Neil , Sandoe Jonathan A T , Thomas Caroline , Warner Amena , West Robert M , Savic Louise , Thirumala Krishna Mamidipudi 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundOver 95% of penicillin allergy labels are inaccurate and may be addressed in low-risk patients using direct oral penicillin challenge (DPC). This study explored the behaviour, attitudes and acceptability of patients, healthcare professionals (HCPs) and managers of using DPC in low-risk patients.MethodsMixed-method, investigation involving patient interviews and staff focus groups at three NHS acute hospitals. Transcripts were coded using inductive and deductive thematic analysis informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework.FindingsAnalysis of 43 patient interviews and three focus groups (28 HCPs: clinicians and managers) highlighted themes of ‘knowledge’, ‘beliefs about capabilities and consequences’, ‘environmental context’, ‘resources’, ‘social influences’, ‘professional role and identity’, ‘behavioural regulation and reinforcement’ and a cross-cutting theme of digital systems. Overall, study participants supported the DPC intervention. Patients expressed reassurance about being in a monitored, hospital setting. HCPs acknowledged the need for robust governance structures for ensuring clarity of roles and responsibilities and confidence.ConclusionThere were high levels of acceptability among patients and HCPs. HCPs recognised the importance of DPC. Complexities of penicillin allergy (de)labelling were highlighted, and issues of knowledge, risk, governance and workforce were identified as key determinants. These should be considered in future planning and adoption strategies for DPC.
The $${\textrm{SU}}(3)$$ twisted gradient flow strong coupling without topological freezing
Authors: Bonanno Claudio , Golán Jorge Luis Dasilva , D’Elia Massimo , Pérez Margarita García , Giorgieri Andrea 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate the role of topology on the lattice determination of the $${\textrm{SU}}(3)$$

SU
(
3
)

strong coupling renormalized via gradient flow. To deal with the topological freezing of standard local algorithms, the definition of the coupling is usually projected onto the zero topological sector. However, it is not obvious that this definition is not biased by the loss of ergodicity. We instead avoid the topological freezing using a novel algorithm, the Parallel Tempering on Boundary Conditions. The comparison with a standard algorithm shows that, even in the case where the latter is severely frozen, one obtains the same projected coupling. Moreover, we show that the two definitions of the coupling, projected and non-projected, lead to the same flow of the renormalization scale. Our results imply that projecting the coupling does not affect the determination of the dynamically-generated scale of the theory $$\varLambda $$
Λ
, as obtained through the step-scaling method.
Primordial black holes in non-minimal Gauss–Bonnet inflation in light of the PTA data
Authors: Solbi Milad , Karami Kayoomars 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHere, we investigate the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in non-minimal coupling Gauss–Bonnet inflationary model in the presence of power-law potentials. We employ a two part coupling function to enhance primordial curvatures at small scales as well as satisfy Planck measurements at the CMB scale. Moreover, our model satisfies the swampland criteria. We find PBHs with different mass scales and demonstrate that PBHs with masses around $$\mathcal {O}(10^{-14})M_{\odot }$$

O

(

10

-
14

)

M
⊙

can account for almost all of the dark matter in the universe. In addition, we investigate the implications of the reheating stage and show that the PBHs in our model are generated during the radiation-dominated era. Furthermore, we investigate the production of scalar-induced gravitational waves (GWs). More interestingly enough is that, for the specific cases $$D_\textrm{n}$$

D
n

in our model, the GWs can be considered as a source of PTA signal. Also, we conclude that the GWs energy density parameter at the nano-Hz regime can be parameterized as $$\Omega _\mathrm{GW_0} (f) \sim f^{5-\gamma }$$

Ω

GW
0

(
f
)

∼

f

5
-
γ

, where the obtained $$\gamma $$
γ
is consistent with the PTA Observations.
The Intrauterine Device: How to Deploy This Strategy in the Molecular World?
Authors: Johannet Paul , Friedman Claire F. 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Progestin-based therapy can safely be offered to a subset of patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia or grade 1 endometrioid endometrial cancer who desire fertility preservation. A recent study shows that levonorgestrel intrauterine device confers durable clinical benefit and identifies possible immune mechanisms of relapse and resistance.
See related article by Bowen et al., p. 5073