bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing climate science with knowledge-discovery through data mining
Authors: Bracco Annalisa , Falasca Fabrizio , Nenes Athanasios , Fountalis Ilias , Dovrolis Constantine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGlobal climate change represents one of the greatest challenges facing society and ecosystems today. It impacts key aspects of everyday life and disrupts ecosystem integrity and function. The exponential growth of climate data combined with Knowledge-Discovery through Data-mining (KDD) promises an unparalleled level of understanding of how the climate system responds to anthropogenic forcing. To date, however, this potential has not been fully realized, in stark contrast to the seminal impacts of KDD in other fields such as health informatics, marketing, business intelligence, and smart city, where big data science contributed to several of the most recent breakthroughs. This disparity stems from the complexity and variety of climate data, as well as the scientific questions climate science brings forth. This perspective introduces the audience to benefits and challenges in mining large climate datasets, with an emphasis on the opportunity of using a KDD process to identify patterns of climatic relevance. The focus is on a particular method, δ-MAPS, stemming from complex network analysis. δ-MAPS is especially suited for investigating local and non-local statistical interrelationships in climate data and here is used is to elucidate both the techniques, as well as the results-interpretation process that allows extracting new insight. This is achieved through an investigation of similarities and differences in the representation of known teleconnections between climate reanalyzes and climate model outputs.
Urban atmospheric chemistry: a very special case for study
Authors: Harrison Roy M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStudies of the chemistry of the urban atmosphere provide special challenges which arise from the high density of emissions, strong concentration gradients and relatively high pollutant concentrations. In contrast to the regional and global atmosphere, local dispersion processes play a much larger role in determining atmospheric concentrations and also have a substantial effect on chemical transformations. On the other hand, residence times in the urban atmosphere are relatively short, hence limiting the range of chemical reaction processes which are significant. Some key species such as the hydroxyl radical have different predominant source processes in the urban and the regional atmosphere. A case is made that the differences are so large that urban atmospheric chemistry needs to be given special treatment and cannot simply be considered as subtlely different from regional and global atmosphere studies.
Psychomotor function measured via online activity predicts motor vehicle fatality risk
Authors: Althoff Tim , Horvitz Eric , White Ryen W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImpaired psychomotor performance severely increases the risk of fatal and non-fatal car accidents. However, we currently lack methods to continuously and non-intrusively monitor psychomotor performance. We show we can estimate psychomotor function at population scale from 16 billion observations of typing speeds during the input of web search queries. We show that these estimates exhibit diurnal variation with a substantial increase during typical sleep times, matching published accident risk rates. Further, we show that psychomotor impairment, as measured by keystroke timing, predicts motor vehicle fatality risk on a population level (Spearman ρ = 0.61; p « 10−10). The methods and results highlight a promising direction of harnessing ambient streams of data, such as patterns of interactions with devices, as large-scale sensors to continuously and non-intrusively monitor human psychomotor performance at population scale.
PEPSI deep spectra
Authors: Strassmeier K. G. , Ilyin I. , Weber M. 
Published: December 2017

Context. High-resolution échelle spectra confine many essential stellar parameters once the data reach a quality appropriate to constrain the various physical processes that form these spectra.
Aim. We provide a homogeneous library of high-resolution, high-S/N spectra for 48 bright AFGKM stars, some of them approaching the quality of solar-flux spectra. Our sample includes the northern Gaia benchmark stars, some solar analogs, and some other bright Morgan-Keenan (M-K) spectral standards.
Methods. Well-exposed deep spectra were created by average-combining individual exposures. The data-reduction process relies on adaptive selection of parameters by using statistical inference and robust estimators. We employed spectrum synthesis techniques and statistics tools in order to characterize the spectra and give a first quick look at some of the science cases possible.
Results. With an average spectral resolution of R ≈ 220 000 (1.36 km s−1), a continuous wavelength coverage from 383 nm to 912 nm, and S/N of between 70:1 for the faintest star in the extreme blue and 6000:1 for the brightest star in the red, these spectra are now made public for further data mining and analysis. Preliminary results include new stellar parameters for 70 Vir and α Tau, the detection of the rare-earth element dysprosium and the heavy elements uranium, thorium and neodymium in several RGB stars, and the use of the 12C to 13C isotope ratio for age-related determinations. We also found Arcturus to exhibit few-percent Ca II H&K and Hα residual profile changes with respect to the KPNO atlas taken in 1999.
Smile Train: Making the Grade in Global Cleft Care
Authors: Louis Matthew , Dickey Ryan M. , Hollier Larry H. 
Published: December 2017

The global medical and psychological burden of cleft lip and palate is large, especially in low- and middle-income countries. For decades, medical missions have sought to alleviate this burden; however, there are significant barriers to providing sustainable, high-quality cleft care using the mission model. Smile Train, an international children's charity founded in 1999, has developed a scalable model which provides support to local partner hospitals and surgeons around the world. Smile Train partners with hospitals to support cleft care treatment across the developing world. Partner hospitals are held to strict safety and quality standards. Local or regional providers are primarily used to train medical personnel. A quality assurance process developed by the Smile Train's Medical Advisory Board is used to assess cleft surgery cases and suggest additional review and training as needed. Surgical candidates are systematically evaluated and must meet specific medical criteria to ensure safety. Experienced anesthetists adhere to Smile Train's safety and quality protocols including anesthesia guidelines. Smile Train and its partners have provided more than 1.2 million safe, high-quality cleft surgical treatments since 1999. Smile Train has sponsored more than 3,000 hands-on training opportunities, 30,000 opportunities to participate in cleft conferences, and 40,000 virtual cleft training opportunities. Through rigorous self-governance and its sustainable, scalable model, this organization has elevated the standard of cleft care in the developing world.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Mechanoreceptors and their Potential Importance in Remnant-Preserving Reconstruction: A Review of Basic Science and Clinical Findings
Authors: Kosy Jonathan , Mandalia Vipul 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMechanoreceptors, within the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), are believed to have importance in proprioception, contributing to dynamic knee stability. The potential for reinnervation of the ACL graft is one of the proposed advantages of remnant-preserving reconstruction. The aim of this review is to summarize advances in the basic science underpinning this function, alongside recent clinical studies, to define the current role for remnant-preservation.A comprehensive systematic review was performed using PubMed and Medline searches. Studies were analyzed with particular focus placed on the methodology used to either identify mechanoreceptors or test proprioception.Contemporary work, using immunohistological staining, has shown mechanoreceptors primarily within proximity to the bony attachments of the ACL (peripherally in the subsynovial layer). The number of these receptors has been shown to decrease rapidly, following rupture, with adhesion to the posterior cruciate ligament slowing this decline. Recent studies have shown proprioceptive deficits, in both the injured and contralateral knees, with the clinical relevance of findings limited by testing methodology and the small differences found. The advantages of remnant-preservation, seen primarily in animal studies, have not been shown in systematic reviews or meta-analysis of clinical studies.The potential for reinnervation of the graft is likely time-dependent and reliant on continued loading of the remnant. Therefore, current clinical use and future research should focus on preserving remnants within 6 months of injury that remain loaded by adherence to the posterior cruciate ligament. Subsequent testing should account for central neurological changes and focus on clinically relevant outcomes.
Middle Cerebral Artery Doppler Changes following Fetal Transfusion Performed with and without Fetal Anesthesia
Authors: Uquillas Kristen , Aboudiab Myrna , Korst Lisa , Llanes Arlyn , Grubbs Brendan , Chmait Ramen 
Published: December 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to test the association between fetal intravenous anesthesia and the change in middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) in patients undergoing intrauterine transfusion (IUT) for suspected fetal anemia.
Study Design We retrospectively examined data from all patients who underwent IUT via umbilical cord route from 2007 to 2016. We calculated the change of the MCA-PSV multiple of median (MoM) as the difference in MCA-PSV MoM between the pre- and immediate postoperative measurements for the first IUT. The change in MCA-PSV MoM was compared between those who did and did not receive fetal anesthesia using Kruskal–Wallis' testing.
Results Of 62 patients, 37 (59.7%) received intravenous fetal anesthesia and 25 (40.3%) did not. The change in MCA-PSV MoM did not differ between those who did and did not receive fetal anesthesia (median: 0.57 [interquartile range, IQR: +0.42 to +0.76] vs. median 0.57 [IQR: +0.40 to +0.81], p = 1.000). The relationship remained insignificant when stratifying by gestational age, length of procedure, initial MCA-PSV, and when excluding hydropic fetuses.
Conclusion Among women undergoing IUT, there was no evidence that the use of fetal anesthesia was associated with a change in the pre- versus postoperative change in MCA-PSV MoM.
Psychometrische Eigenschaften der Readiness for Return to Work Scale für Patienten in der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Kessemeier Franziska , Stöckler Christiane , Petermann Franz , Bassler Markus , Pfeiffer Wolfgang , Kobelt Axel 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungFragestellungZiel der Studie ist die Ermittlung der Faktorenstruktur der Readiness for Return to Work Scale (RRTW) sowie die Überprüfung ihrer Gütekriterien für Patienten in der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation in Deutschland. Die RRTW misst die Motivation, ins Erwerbsleben zurückzukehren bzw. im Erwerbsleben zu bleiben. Material und MethodenAn einer Stichprobe von n=152 arbeitsfähigen und n=145 arbeitsunfähigen Patienten der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation wurden Faktorenstruktur, Itemgüte sowie externe Validität überprüft.ErgebnisseFür arbeitsfähige Patienten wurden die Faktoren „Handlungserprobung“ und „Aufrechterhaltung“ gefunden, die 59,2% der Varianz erklärten, sowie für arbeitsunfähige Patienten die Faktoren „Absichtslosigkeit“, „Absichtsbildung“ und „Vorbereitung“ (56,7%). Die internen Konsistenzen lagen zwischen Cronbachs α=0,72 und α=0,81. Die Itemgüte war zufriedenstellend. Pearson-Korrelationen zeigten höhere Zusammenhänge mit konstruktnahen Fragebögen als mit Symptomfragebögen in die zu erwartenden Richtungen.DiskussionEine Kulturgebundenheit der RRTW ist zu diskutieren. Die gefundene Faktorenstruktur sollte mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse geprüft werden. SchlussfolgerungenDie deutsche Version der RRTW ermöglicht eine ökonomische Erfassung der Motivation zur Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben. Aus der Einteilung in Motivationsstadien lassen sich klinische Implikationen ableiten.
Sport nach Knie- und Hüftendoprothetik
Authors: Boettner Friedrich , Kasparek Maximilian , Rueckl Kilian , Liebau Christian 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungMit der Einführung neuer Materialien in die Hüft- und Knieendoprothetik, sowie der Verbesserung der Prothesenverankerung im Knochen, scheinen die Voraussetzungen für eine stärkere Belastung künstlicher Endoprothesen erfüllt. Die Empfehlungen hinsichtlich der sportlichen Betätigung nach Implantation einer Knie- oder Hüftprothese sind in den letzten 20 Jahren jedoch den implantattechnischen Verbesserungen nicht angepasst worden. Gerade in der Hüftendoprothetik erlaubt die heute bevorzugte Verwendung von unzementierten Implantaten sowie der Einzug von hoch vernetztem Polyethylen einen deutlich aktiveren Lebenswandel ohne das erhöhte Lockungsraten und Komplikationen befürchtet werden müssen. Die hier vorgestellte Veröffentlichung fasst den gegenwärtigen Kenntnisstand aus der Literatur zusammen und gibt dem operativ tätigen orthopädischen Chirurgen Leitlinien für eine individuelle Beratung des Patienten.
Allosteric histidine switch for regulation of intracellular zinc(II) fluctuation
Authors: Zhu Rongfeng , Song Yanqun , Liu Haiping , Yang Yufei , Wang Shenlin , Yi Chengqi , Chen Peng R. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Metal homeostasis is critical to numerous biological processes, and metalloregulators play key roles in its regulation. In transcriptional regulation, which is allosterically controlled by metalloregulators, reorganization of their metal-binding residues and/or related hydrogen bonding networks is usually utilized, while the coordination atoms on the same metal-binding residues remain seldom changed. Our study shows an example whereby the zinc-induced transcriptional regulator ZitR switches one of its histidine nitrogen atoms for zinc coordination in response to zinc fluctuation. This histidine-switch process facilitates conformational change of ZitR protein, allowing allosteric and fine-tuned control of DNA binding and transcriptional regulation.
Ultrafast rotation in an amphidynamic crystalline metal organic framework
Authors: Vogelsberg Cortnie S. , Uribe-Romo Fernando J. , Lipton Andrew S. , Yang Song , Houk K. N. , Brown Stuart , Garcia-Garibay Miguel A. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
The control of matter at the molecular scale is a key requirement for the development of smart materials and artificial molecular machines. A challenging but promising platform in this emergent field of science is the development of crystalline materials with components that experience motion in a structurally predetermined manner, such that changes in their state of motion and the collective orientation of suitably functionalized molecules may lead to useful thermal, dielectric, and optical properties in response to external physical or chemical influences. Here, we describe a metal organic framework with elements that have no steric hindrance or electronic barriers, such that they can rotate in the solid as fast as they would it if they were in the gas phase.
Disease onset in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism correlates with expansion of a hexameric repeat within an SVA retrotransposon inTAF1
Authors: Bragg D. Cristopher , Mangkalaphiban Kotchaphorn , Vaine Christine A. , Kulkarni Nichita J. , Shin David , Yadav Rachita , Dhakal Jyotsna , Ton Mai-Linh , Cheng Anne , Russo Christopher T. , Ang Mark , Acuña Patrick , Go Criscely , Francoeur Taylor N. , Multhaupt-Buell Trisha , Ito Naoto , Müller Ulrich , Hendriks William T. , Breakefield Xandra O. , Sharma Nutan , Ozelius Laurie J. 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceThe genetic basis of X-Linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) has been difficult to unravel, in part because all patients inherit the same haplotype of seven sequence variants, none of which has ever been identified in control individuals. This study revealed that one of the haplotype markers, a retrotransposon insertion within an intron ofTAF1, has a variable number of hexameric repeats among affected individuals with an increase in repeat number strongly correlated with earlier age at disease onset. These data support a contributing role for this sequence in disease pathogenesis while further suggesting that XDP may be part of a growing list of neurodegenerative disorders associated with unstable repeat expansions.
Human presence diminishes the importance of climate in driving fire activity across the United States
Authors: Syphard Alexandra D. , Keeley Jon E. , Pfaff Anne H. , Ferschweiler Ken 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Projections of worsening wildfire conditions under climate change are a major concern in policy and management, but there is little understanding of geographical variation in fire-climate relationships. Our analysis relating climate variables to historical fire activity across the United States showed substantial variability in the importance of different seasonal temperature and precipitation variables and of climate overall in explaining fire activity. Climate was significantly less important where humans were more prevalent, suggesting that human influence could override or even exceed the effect of climate change on fire activity. Although climate change may play a significant role in altering future fire regimes, geographical context and human influence should also be accounted for in management and policy decisions.
PSMA-targeted polyinosine/polycytosine vector induces prostate tumor regression and invokes an antitumor immune response in mice
Authors: Langut Yael , Talhami Alaa , Mamidi Samarasimhareddy , Shir Alexei , Zigler Maya , Joubran Salim , Sagalov Anna , Flashner-Abramson Efrat , Edinger Nufar , Klein Shoshana , Levitzki Alexander 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceProstate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer affecting males. To date, there is no effective treatment for metastatic PC. Prostate tumors invariably overexpress prostate surface membrane antigen (PSMA). We present a potent therapy, PEI-PEG-DUPA/polyinosinic/polycytosinic acid (PPD/polyIC), which is targeted against PSMA. This treatment leads to tumor cell death and to the recruitment of immune cells, which attack neighboring tumor cells, even those that do not overexpress PSMA. In a mouse model, PPD/polyIC led to shrinkage of all PSMA-overexpressing tumors and to complete regression in half of the animals. The multipronged approach invokes antitumor immunity, and reduces the probability of acquired resistance and disease recurrence. PPD/polyIC is a promising, affordable candidate for clinical development.
Identification of cancer genes that are independent of dominant proliferation and lineage programs
Authors: Selfors Laura M. , Stover Daniel G. , Harris Isaac S. , Brugge Joan S. , Coloff Jonathan L. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Large, multidimensional “landscaping” projects have provided datasets that can be mined to identify potential targets for subgroups of tumors. Here, we analyzed genomic and transcriptomic data from human breast tumors to identify genes whose expression is enriched in tumors harboring specific genetic alterations. However, this analysis revealed that two other factors, proliferation rate and tumor lineage, are more dominant factors in shaping tumor transcriptional programs than genetic alterations. This discovery shifted our attention to identifying genes that are independent of the dominant proliferation and lineage programs. A small subset of these genes represents candidate targets for combination cancer therapies because they are druggable, maintained after treatment with chemotherapy, essential for cell line survival, and elevated in drug-resistant stem-like cancer cells.
A small-molecule activator of kinesin-1 drives remodeling of the microtubule network
Authors: Randall Thomas S. , Yip Yan Y. , Wallock-Richards Daynea J. , Pfisterer Karin , Sanger Anneri , Ficek Weronika , Steiner Roberto A. , Beavil Andrew J. , Parsons Maddy , Dodding Mark P. 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceHerein we identify kinesore as a cell permeable small-molecule modulator of the kinesin-1 microtubule motor. Kinesore acts through the cargo-binding domain of the motor to activate its function in controlling microtubule dynamics. Our chemical biology approach to understanding microtubule motor protein function provides mechanistic insight into how this poorly understood activity of kinesin-1 is regulated and establishes a proof-of-concept that a microtubule motor–cargo interface and associated autoregulatory mechanism can be manipulated using a small molecule. In doing so, we define a target for the modulation of microtubule dynamics. We suggest that this offers a conceptual approach to consider for the chemical manipulation of the cytoskeleton and its motor proteins.
Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium
Authors: Schlesinger William H. , Klein Emily M. , Vengosh Avner 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Human emissions of vanadium to atmosphere exceed natural sources by a factor of 1.7 and are destined to rise dramatically as we switch to the use of heavy oils, tar sands, and bitumen as combustion sources. Breathing vanadium-rich aerosols has unknown but potentially adverse health impacts. The human impacts on the global vanadium cycle parallel impacts on the global cycles for Pb and Hg.
Designing flexible 2D transition metal carbides with strain-controllable lithium storage
Authors: Zhang Hang , Fu Zhongheng , Zhang Ruifeng , Zhang Qianfan , Tian Hongzhen , Legut Dominik , Germann Timothy C. , Guo Yuanqi , Du Shiyu , Francisco Joseph S. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
The discovery of MXenes opens an opportunity on flexible energy storage. We explored systematically several factors including metal species, layer thicknesses, functional group, strain, and Li concentration on the mechanical and electrochemical properties of 2D transition metal carbides (TMCs). Taking the electrode polarization into account, we found several critical factors that govern the ionic mobility on the surface of 2D TMCs. Under multiaxial loadings, the electrical conductivity, high ionic mobility, low equilibrium voltage with good stability, excellent flexibility, and high theoretical capacity offered bare 2D TMCs the potential to be ideal flexible anode materials, whereas the surface functionalization degraded the transport mobility and increased the equilibrium voltage. General rules are proposed to identify the optimal candidate based on a combined analysis of these critical parameters.
Architecture of the human PI4KIIIα lipid kinase complex
Authors: Lees Joshua A. , Zhang Yixiao , Oh Michael S. , Schauder Curtis M. , Yu Xiaoling , Baskin Jeremy M. , Dobbs Kerry , Notarangelo Luigi D. , De Camilli Pietro , Walz Thomas , Reinisch Karin M. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Phosphoinositide lipids, produced by phosphorylation of the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol, play essential roles throughout the cell in defining organelle membrane identity and in initiating and mediating cellular signaling processes. Plasma membrane (PM) phosphoinositides, which reside at the interface between the intracellular and extracellular environments, play especially critical roles. The synthesis of all PM phosphoinositides begins with the conversion of phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate by the heterotrimeric PI4KIIIα complex. This study reports the high-resolution structure of the PI4KIIIα complex, revealing a large, intricately structured superassembly whose complexity positions it as a major regulatory junction for PM phosphoinositide synthesis. The structure now provides a framework to guide further efforts to understand its regulation.