bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is individual smoking behaviour influenced by area-level ethnic density? A cross-sectional electronic health database study of inner south-east London
Authors: Mathur Rohini , Schofield Peter , Smith Dianna , Gilkes Alexander , White Patrick , Hull Sally 
Published: March 2017

Tobacco smoking remains one of the greatest public health problems facing the UK today. It varies significantly by ethnic group. This study aimed to determine whether ethnic differences in smoking behaviour are related to neighbourhood-level, own-group ethnic density across south and east London.The association between ethnic density and individual smoking behaviour was assessed by multilevel logistic regression using the electronic health records of 688 397 general practitioner-registered patients. Restricted cubic splines were created to explore whether the effect of ethnic density on smoking behaviour was nonlinear.Increasing own-group ethnic density was found to be associated with a significant reduction in the odds of being a current smoker in all ethnic groups, except for Black Caribbean women. The relationship between ethnic density and current smoking was found to be nonlinear, with the strength of association varying significantly by sex and ethnic group.These novel findings point to a complex relationship between culture, neighbourhood-level experience of adversity or social support and smoking behaviour, and will allow us to target smoking cessation services differentially to individuals/groups living in relative ethnic isolation, who do not benefit from the potential cultural/social factors associated with reduced tobacco consumption.
Detección de árboles dañados por plaga en bosques de Abies religiosa en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca, mediante fotografías aéreas infrarroja
Authors: Leautaud Valenzuela Pablo , López-García José 
Published: March 2017

Las plagas forestales son agentes que ocasionan daños de tipo mecánico o fisiológico a los árboles, como deformaciones, disminuciones en el crecimiento, debilitamiento o incluso la muerte, causando un impacto ecológico, económico y social importante. En este estudio se desarrolla una técnica para la detección de plaga forestal por medio de fotografías aéreas infrarrojas. El uso de fotografías aéreas digitales en color e infrarrojo permitió obtener imágenes VIR (visible + infrarrojo) con cuatro bandas y una resolución aproximada de un metro por pixel. Mediante la interpretación visual se logró reconocer y localizar árboles con algún estado de deterioro e incluso individuos muertos.Se analizó una superficie de 1 907 ha en sierra Chincua, donde la mayor afectación se dio en zona núcleo con 97 puntos (62%) con más del doble de densidad de individuos (11 árboles/km2) en comparación con la zona de amortiguamiento (4 árboles/km2). Este mayor daño es debido a las políticas de manejo forestal, que establecen el no manejo (incluido el saneamiento) en la zona núcleo.Las fotografías aéreas digitales son útiles para la detección de árboles dañados en los bosques de oyamel mediante la interpretación visual con una eficiencia del 98%. El método utilizado tiene una mayor relación costo-efectividad comparado con sobrevuelo de helicóptero y trabajo de campo.
Effects of insulin and the glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide on the kidney proteome in db/db mice
Authors: Liljedahl Leena , Norlin Jenny , McGuire James N. , James Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide disease that affects 9% of the adult world population and type 2 DM accounts for 90% of those. A common consequence of DM is kidney complications, which could lead to kidney failure. We studied the potential effects of treatment with insulin and the glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonist liraglutide on the diabetic kidney proteome through the use of the db/db mouse model system and mass spectrometry (MS). Multivariate analyses revealed distinct effects of insulin and liraglutide on the db/db kidney proteome, which was seen on the protein levels of, for example, pterin‐4 α‐carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1α (PCBD1), neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down‐regulated‐8 (NEDD8), transcription elongation factor‐B polypeptide‐1 (ELOC) and hepcidin (HEPC). Furthermore, the separation of the insulin, liraglutide and vehicle db/db mouse groups in multivariate analyses was not mainly related to the albumin excretion rate (AER) or the level of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c%) in the mice. In summary, we show that insulin and liraglutide give rise to separate protein profiles in the db/db mouse kidney.
Deactivation of Chlorinated Pt/Al2O3 Isomerization Catalyst Using Water Containing Feed
Authors: Salehirad Fathollah , Sadighi Sepehr , Alijani Shahram 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Light naphtha isomerization is a significant process in a crude oil refinery which is responsible for upgrading low-octane light naphtha to the high-octane and low-aromatic content gasoline. In this work, deactivation of an industrial chlorinated Pt/Al2O3 isomerization catalyst was studied in a laboratory scale plant. Experiments were carried out under temperatures in the range of 120–180 °C, liquid hourly space velocities (LHSV) of 0.7–2 h−1 and hydrogen to hydrocarbon molar ratios (H2/Oil) of 0.7–1.5. Moreover, the total water content of the combined feed, i. e. n-hexane and hydrogen, was 70 ppmwt. During 75 h time on stream (TOS), 42 data sets were collected and applied for training, testing and validating a hybrid-artificial neural network model (hybrid-ANN or HANN) to estimate the activity of the catalyst. Results showed that the activity decreased to 0.56 at the end of the operation mostly due to water poisoning. Furthermore, using the estimated activity, HANN could simulate the conversion and selectivity of the isomerization process with the absolute average deviations (AAD%) of 0.97 % and 0.0766 % and the mean squared errors (MSE) of 0.311 and 0.0156, respectively.
Ein universitäres DaF-Unterrichtsprojekt im Spiegel von Curriculumdiskussion und berufsbezogenem Fremdsprachenunterricht
Authors: Prikoszovits Matthias 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungIm Beitrag wird zunächst erläutert, wie sich Curriculumforschung und berufsbezogenes Lernen und Lehren im Bereich Deutsch als Fremdsprache seit den 1990er Jahren entwickelt haben, um in einem weiteren Schritt zu beschreiben, wie sich ein konkretes Unterrichtsprojekt in die DaF-Curriculumdiskussion eingliedert. Dabei wird vor allem auf die Frage eingegangen, ob die Forderung nach einer Berufsorientierung im universitären Fremdsprachenunterricht mit dem Unterrichtsprojekt umgesetzt wurde. Untersuchungsgegenstand ist eine im Jahr 2014 an der Germanistik der University of St Andrews (Schottland, GB) durchgeführte, benotete Projektarbeit, bei der Studierende des vierten und letzten Studienjahres Werbeclips drehen mussten.
Informationsmanager auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
Authors: Bertram Jutta 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungAnlässlich einer bevorstehenden Curriculumsrevision führte der Bachelorstudiengang Informationsmanagement der Hochschule Hannover im März 2016 eine Studie unter all seinen bisherigen Absolventen durch (Abschlussjahrgänge 2008 bis 2015). Bei einer Grundgesamtheit von 303 Personen antworteten 200 (66 %). Die Ergebnisse enthalten ein retrospektives Feedback auf das Studium und skizzieren die Strukturreform, die daraus als Konsequenz erwächst. Zudem geben sie Aufschluss über Berufseinmündung und Berufsverlauf der Alumni und enthalten Eckdaten über ihr erstes und aktuelles Beschäftigungsverhältnis. Der Übergang vom Studium in den Beruf gestaltet sich bei dem Gros der Befragten problemlos. Ein Drittel der Alumni schließt ein Masterstudium an. Zum Befragungszeitpunkt liegt die Beschäftigungsquote bei 96 Prozent. Davon arbeiten 64 Prozent unbefristet. Die thematische Breite des IM-Curriculums spiegelt sich in einer Vielfalt von Branchen und Tätigkeiten wider, die die Alumni mit ihrem aktuellen Beschäftigungsverhältnis abdecken. Die Befragten äußern insgesamt eine große Zufriedenheit mit ihrer beruflichen Entwicklung, allerdings hätten sie sich im Studium mehr Orientierung und größere Wahlfreiheit bei der Fächerbelegung gewünscht. Das revidierte Curriculum wird deshalb mehr Verbindlichkeit und zugleich größere Flexibilität bei der Schwerpunktwahl vorsehen.
Cytokine changes in gastric and colonic epithelial cell in response to Planta ovata extract
Authors: Yakoob Javed , Jafri Wasim , Mehmood Malik Hassan , Abbas Zaigham , Tariq Kanwal 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Psyllium (Planta ovata, Ispaghul) seed and husk are used for treatment of altered bowel habit, i. e. constipation and diarrhea. We studied the effect of Ispaghul extract on secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) by AGS (ATCC CRL 1739) and SW480 (ATCC CCL-227) epithelial cell lines and determined whether Ispaghul extract has an effect on IL-1β secretion by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-stimulated AGS cell and Escherichia coli K-12 (E. coli K-12)-stimulated SW480 cells in vitro.

Methods
The AGS cells and SW480 cells were pretreated with Ispaghul extract in concentrations, i. e. 3.5 and 7 μg/mL prior to infection with H. pylori and E. coli K-12.

Results
DNA fragmentation in AGS and SW480 cells treated with Ispaghul extract was not significant (2.3±0.8 %) compared with untreated cells (2.2±0.6 %). Ispaghul extract decreased the H. pylori-stimulated secretion of IL-1β by AGS cell (p<0.0001). This effect did not increase as the concentration of extract was increased. Ispaghul extract also decreased E. coli K-12-stimulated IL-1β secretion by SW480 cell (p<0.0001). This effect increased as the concentration of extracts was increased.

Conclusions
Ispaghul extract had an effect on stimulated secretion of IL-1β by the AGS and SW480 cell. It decreased pro-inflammatory reaction from both cell lines stimulated by bacteria.
The taxonomic status of Copemyodon ecuadorensis (Rodentia, Cricetidae), a supposedly extinct muroid from the Ecuadorean Quaternary
Authors: Moreno Pablo , Román José Luis , Brito Jorge , Pardiñas Ulyses F.J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Copemyodon ecuadorensis was described as a non-sigmodontine extinct cricetid from two rich fossiliferous localities in northern Ecuador. It was hypothesized as being related to both the fossil genus Copemys and the living Peromyscus and, as such, is an example of an independent “copemyine-neotomine” attempt to colonize South America. Here, we re-study the holotype of C. ecuadorensis concluding that it cannot be separated from Reithrodontomys (Cricetidae, Neotominae) at a generic level. Copemyodon constitutes a junior synonym of Reithrodontomys. There are recent populations of Reithrodontomys in Ecuador and most likely it comprises several species. In this context, seems convenient to retain ecuadorensis as a species of Reithrodontomys until an appropriate revision of this genus is performed, although we identify morphological similarities between Reithrodontomys ecuadorensis and the nominal form Reithrodontomys soederstroemi.
Crystal structure of N,N′–bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide dihydrate, C18H20N6O4
Authors: Wang Zhaodong , Lin Huanzhu , Yang Yanshuang 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
C18H20N6O4, monoclinic, Pc, a = 4.4412(8) Å, b = 14.100(3) Å, c = 15.206(3) Å, β = 95.920(4)°, V = 947.1(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0352, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0770, T = 296.15 K.
Crystal structure of 1-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propan-1-one, C13H12N2O3
Authors: Al-Wabli Reem I. , Al-Ghamdi Alwah R. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Attia Mohamed I. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
C13H12N2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.3322(5) Å, b = 8.0341(5) Å, c = 19.4479(14) Å, β = 95.775(2)°, V = 1139.82(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0533, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1335, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]chromene-1,6(2H)-dione, C15H14O3
Authors: Song Rui , Zhou Bo , Shao Rui-Xin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
C15H14O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.0972(11) Å, b = 11.1576(14) Å, c = 12.5933(16) Å, β = 105.368(1)°, V = 1232.6(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0393, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1190, T = 296 K.
Measuring Latent Constructs in Nonprofit Surveys with Item Response Theory: The Example of Political Ideology
Authors: Mason Dyana P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLatent constructs are the unobservable characteristics of individuals, groups and organizations. Although researchers use many tools to measure latent constructs, including scaled-items and factor analysis techniques, this study offers a different way to measure these characteristics in nonprofit research. Using Item Response Theory (IRT), this study develops one approach to measure revealed political ideology among leaders in nonprofit social welfare organizations. This approach can also be used to measure a variety of other constructs that may be difficult to measure through traditional approaches, opening up new lines of inquiry for those who study nonprofit organizations.
Bowling Together: Mobilization of Collective Action by Environmental NGOs
Authors: Dolšak Nives 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSocial capital generated by frequent, face-to-face interactions provides the foundation for collective action. Does this also hold for a community action in post-communist, Central European countries where modern NGOs are perceived to be ineffective? This article examines this question in the context of the cleanup of illegal dumpsites organized by a Slovenian NGO, Ecologists without Borders, in 2010. This community cleanup effort sought to produce local public goods such as improved aesthetics, sanitation, and ground water quality. Local participation levels (percentage of adults contributing to the cleanup effort) varied across 192 districts of Slovenia. Analyzing an original, micro-level dataset, this article finds that, all else equal, social capitals rooted in frequent face-to-face interactions (the common Catholic religion and membership in Hunters clubs) are associated with increased participation levels. However, social capital generated via common native language does not show statistical association with participation levels.
Optimization of uranyl ions removal from aqueous solution by natural and modified kaolinites
Authors: Elhefnawy O. A. , Elabd A. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe paper addresses the modifications of the most common mineral clay “kaolinite” for U(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. A new modified Egyptian natural kaolinite (Ca-MK) was prepared by coating kaolinite with calcium oxide. Another modification process was utilized by calcination and acid activation of kaolinite (E-MK). The Egyptian natural kaolinite (E-NK) and the two modified kaolinites were characterized by different techniques SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR. The removal process were investigated in batch experiments as a function of pH, contact time, initial U(VI) concentration, effect of temperature, and recovery of U(VI) were studied. The equilibrium stage was achieved after 60 min and the kinetic data was described well by pseudo-second order model. Isothermal data was better described by the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating the homogeneous removal process. Also the removal process was studied on different temperature 293, 313, and 323 K. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° were calculated. The thermodynamic results pointed to the endothermic and favorable nature of the U(VI) removal process in the three kaolinite adsorbents. This study indicated that (Ca-MK) has higher CEC and can be used as a new adsorbent for highly efficient removal of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.
K+Channel Modulatory Subunits KChIP and DPP Participate in Kv4-Mediated Mechanical Pain Control
Authors: Kuo Yen-Ling , Cheng Jen-Kun , Hou Wen-Hsien , Chang Yu-Cheng , Du Po-Hao , Jian Jhao-Jun , Rau Ruey-Horng , Yang Jung-Hui , Lien Cheng-Chang , Tsaur Meei-Ling 
Published: March 2017

The K+channel pore-forming subunit Kv4.3 is expressed in a subset of nonpeptidergic nociceptors within the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and knockdown of Kv4.3 selectively induces mechanical hypersensitivity, a major symptom of neuropathic pain. K+channel modulatory subunits KChIP1, KChIP2, and DPP10 are coexpressed in Kv4.3+DRG neurons, but whether they participate in Kv4.3-mediated pain control is unknown. Here, we show the existence of a Kv4.3/KChIP1/KChIP2/DPP10 complex (abbreviated as the Kv4 complex) in the endoplasmic reticulum and cell surface of DRG neurons. After intrathecal injection of a gene-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to knock down the expression of each component in the Kv4 complex, mechanical hypersensitivity develops in the hindlimbs of rats in parallel with a reduction in all components in the lumbar DRGs. Electrophysiological data further indicate that the excitability of nonpeptidergic nociceptors is enhanced. The expression of all Kv4 complex components in DRG neurons is downregulated following spinal nerve ligation (SNL). To rescue Kv4 complex downregulation, cDNA constructs encoding Kv4.3, KChIP1, and DPP10 were transfected into the injured DRGs (defined as DRGs with injured spinal nerves) of living SNL rats. SNL-evoked mechanical hypersensitivity was attenuated, accompanied by a partial recovery of Kv4.3, KChIP1, and DPP10 surface levels in the injured DRGs. By showing an interdependent regulation among components in the Kv4 complex, this study demonstrates that K+channel modulatory subunits KChIP1, KChIP2, and DPP10 participate in Kv4.3-mediated mechanical pain control. Thus, these modulatory subunits could be potential drug targets for neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuropathic pain, a type of moderate to severe chronic pain resulting from nerve injury or disorder, affects 6.9%–10% of the global population. However, less than half of patients report satisfactory pain relief from current treatments. K+channels, which act to reduce nociceptor activity, have been suggested to be novel drug targets for neuropathic pain. This study is the first to show that K+channel modulatory subunits KChIP1, KChIP2, and DPP10 are potential drug targets for neuropathic pain because they form a channel complex with the K+channel pore-forming subunit Kv4.3 in a subset of nociceptors to selectively inhibit mechanical hypersensitivity, a major symptom of neuropathic pain.
Kleine Geschichte der Balearen
Authors: Panzram Sabine 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag bietet auf der Grundlage der historiographischen Überlieferung, der archäologischen Evidenz und der epigraphischen Neufunde eine „kleine“ Geschichte der Balearen. „Klein“ insofern, als dass sie sich unter Einbeziehung der naturräumlichen Gegebenheiten primär auf die gesellschaftliche und städtebauliche Entwicklung konzentriert, diese allerdings à la longue zeigt, das heißt zwischen Republik und Spätantike. Damit unterscheidet sich die Studie grundlegend von vorherigen Untersuchungen, die entweder die Balearen in den ersten drei nachchristlichen Jahrhunderten oder - so sie die epistula Severi als authentisches Zeugnis erachten - in der Spätantike in den Blick nehmen. Die hier gewählte Betrachtungsweise macht jedoch plausibel, dass die kaiserzeitliche Lebenswelt ihre logische Fortsetzung in jener in der epistula geschilderten findet und bringt somit ein weiteres Argument für ihre Authentizität bei. Der Vergleich mit Städten von der Iberischen bzw. der Apennin-Halbinsel zeigt, dass die Städte der Balearen sich trotz ihrer „Insellage“ (F. Braudel) im Gleichklang mit anderen Städten im Imperium Romanum entwickelten.
The Persian War as Civil War in Plataea’s Temple of Athena Areia
Authors: Yates David 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Differences in the Persian-War tradition have often been noted, but there remains a general assumption that those differences were limited to self-interested quibbling within a commonly accepted narrative of the war. In this paper I argue that divergences in the Persian-War tradition went much deeper. In the decades immediately after the war’s end, the various city-states were producing commemorations of the Persian War that in some instances could hardly be said to recall the same event. I focus on a single case in point: the commemorative narrative publicized by the Plataeans in their temple to Athena Areia. Whereas the Athenians (and others) represented the war as a glorious struggle against an alien invader, the Plataeans, despite their close alliance with Athens, chose to cast it as a disturbing civil war between Greeks. These conflicting stories about the Persian War emerged because of substantial differences in all three of the factors that tend to influence memory production: the real experiences of a given past event, the preexisting social memories onto which those experiences must be grafted, and of course the evolving present needs in whose service the past is always recalled and occasionally reshaped. Most Greek states had much less in common than Athens and Plataea, and similarly deep fissures can be seen elsewhere. Ultimately, this study suggests that the Persian-War tradition was, from the beginning, far more fractured and chaotic than is currently assumed.
Kleopatra auf einer Inschrift aus Ägypten und auf Münzprägungen syrischer Poleis: Das Schweigen der Erinnerungsmedien nach Actium?
Authors: Vitale Marco 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Kleopatra VII. war eine amica et socia populi Romani. Aber wegen ihrer Allianz mit Marcus Antonius, dem der Senat nach seinem Tod eine damnatio memoriae verhängte, erklärte man sie zur römischen Staatsfeindin. Welches Schicksal hatte sie unmittelbar nach ihrem Tod? Eine Art damnatio scheint auch Kleopatras memoria behaftet zu haben. Dabei lassen sich in ihrem Falle anhand einer Inschrift aus Ägypten und der Münzprägungen syrisch-phoinikischer Poleis zwei verschiedene Formen der damnatio memoriae ausmachen, einerseits die Namenstilgung, andererseits die Namensverschweigung. Auch auf römischen Zeugnissen, wie etwa der Reichsprägung oder dem Tatenbericht von Augustus, wird die beseitigte Königin nirgends explizit erwähnt. Zugleich vermieden es viele vormals Kleopatra angegliederte Poleis, Octavians Sieg bei Actium zu dokumentieren.
The SAC1 domain in synaptojanin is required for autophagosome maturation at presynaptic terminals
Authors: Vanhauwaert Roeland , Kuenen Sabine , Masius Roy , Bademosi Adekunle , Manetsberger Julia , Schoovaerts Nils , Bounti Laura , Gontcharenko Serguei , Swerts Jef , Vilain Sven , Picillo Marina , Barone Paolo , Munshi Shashini T , de Vrij Femke MS , Kushner Steven A , Gounko Natalia V , Mandemakers Wim , Bonifati Vincenzo , Meunier Frederic A , Soukup Sandra‐Fausia , Verstreken Patrik 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPresynaptic terminals are metabolically active and accrue damage through continuous vesicle cycling. How synapses locally regulate protein homeostasis is poorly understood. We show that the presynaptic lipid phosphatase synaptojanin is required for macroautophagy, and this role is inhibited by the Parkinson's disease mutation R258Q. Synaptojanin drives synaptic endocytosis by dephosphorylating PI(4,5)P2, but this function appears normal in SynaptojaninRQ knock‐in flies. Instead, R258Q affects the synaptojanin SAC1 domain that dephosphorylates PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P2, two lipids found in autophagosomal membranes. Using advanced imaging, we show that SynaptojaninRQ mutants accumulate the PI(3)P/PI(3,5)P2‐binding protein Atg18a on nascent synaptic autophagosomes, blocking autophagosome maturation at fly synapses and in neurites of human patient induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons. Additionally, we observe neurodegeneration, including dopaminergic neuron loss, in SynaptojaninRQ flies. Thus, synaptojanin is essential for macroautophagy within presynaptic terminals, coupling protein turnover with synaptic vesicle cycling and linking presynaptic‐specific autophagy defects to Parkinson's disease.