bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promotion effect of NP fire retardant pre-treatment on heat-treated poplar wood. Part 2: hygroscopicity, leaching resistance, and thermal stability
Authors: Chu Demiao , Mu Jun , Zhang Li , Li Yushuang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn continuation of the previous study concerning the effects of a combined treatment of wood with nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) fire retardant and heat treatment (HT), the hygroscopicity, leachability, thermal stability, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) properties ofPopulus beijingensisW.Y. Hsu have been investigated. The wood samples were impregnated with 10% NP fire retardant solution and exposed to HTs at 140°C–160°C for 30 min. HT of NP treated wood reduced the moisture absorption and enhanced the leaching resistance of NP and improved the thermal stability. The HT decomposes the NP and the acidity of these degradation products has a dehydration effect on the wood polysaccharides, and the number of hydroxyl groups in wood decreased substantially. The crystallinity index of the NP-impregnated and heat-treated wood also increased. The post low-temperature HT enhanced the fixation of the NP fire retardant and hydrophobicity of the NP-treated wood.
Geriatric Fracture Centre (German Trauma Society): guidelines and certification to improve geriatric trauma care
Authors: Krause Ulla , Jung Katrin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBecause of demographic changes and the increasing proportion of orthogeriatric patients, the German Trauma Society (DGU) established a certification process for geriatric fracture centres (AltersTraumaZentrum DGU®). This article is a detailed illustration of the certification process and the related Registry. The main goal of the certification is to support orthogeriatric comanagement and to improve the quality of care for geriatric patients. The requirements of the Criteria Catalogue force participating centres to continuously survey and improve their standards and structures. As a result, the requirements should lead to a high quality of care. To prove that the certification leads to higher quality of care, the DGU started a Geriatric Fracture Registry (AltersTraumaRegister DGU®) in 2016, which is obligatory for all certified centres. Studies on comanaged care and the improvement of quality by certified geriatric fracture centres are planned. Further health-care research will also be possible with the collected data.
Towards a Poetics of Ageing. Private and Collective Loss in Ibn Ḥamdīs’ Late Verse
Authors: Carpentieri Nicola 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper explores representations of old age in the poetry of Ibn Ḥamdīs (444–527/1056–1133 CE). It shows how the poet, while adhering to a codified aesthetics, creatively reworked specific sub-genres of the “qaṣīda” into a personal ‘poetics of ageing’. It is my contention that Ibn Ḥamdīs built such a poetics on binary constructions which parallel bodily deterioration with the collapse of social cohesion and the political decline of Islam in the West. The first part of the paper focuses on form. I discuss Ibn Ḥamdīs’ usage of the theme of “aš-šayb wa ’š-šabāb” within a multipartite ode, showing how, according to an established tradition, the poet used canonical motifs of old age poetry as transitional segments, enhancing the poem’s conceptual unity. The second part of the paper focuses on selected verses of nostalgia for the homeland (“al-ḥanīn ilà ’l-awṭān”), elegies (“riṯāʽ”) and ascetic poems (“zuhd”). These sub-genres are read in conjunction in order to formulate a preliminary definition of Ibn Ḥamdīs’ own ‘poetics of ageing’.
Framing the Archaeological Data in Islamic Sicily. An Outlook from the Trapani Mountains
Authors: Rotolo Antonio 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper aims to show how a renewed theoretical and methodological approach to Islamic Sicily can provide new insights into the organization of the rural communities in the Trapani Mountains between the ninth and twelfth centuries. The first part is dedicated to the definition of ‘Islamic social formation’ and ‘tributary mode of production’, and to the integration of both concepts in the debate on al-Andalus, for the characterization of a medieval Islamic society. This theoretical background is indispensable for advocating the relevance of establishing comparisons between Islamic Sicily and al-Andalus. Finally, the last three sections will show how these new methodological approaches and their theoretical background can provide a historical interpretation of the archaeological record.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-((1E,1′E)-(((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(naphthalen-2-olato)nickel(II), C72H52N4O8Ni2
Authors: Li Guo qiang , Fan Run lan , He Die er , Xu Qiang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
C72H52N4O8Ni2, monolinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 43.017(19) Å, b = 17.091(8) Å, c = 11.301(5) Å, β = 103.053(8)°, V = 8094(6) Å3, Z = 6, R
gt(F) = 0.0575, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1263, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (Z)-1-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one, C14H14N2O2
Authors: Smaail Radi , Tighadouini Said , Eddike Driss , Tillard Monique , Mabkhot Yahia N. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
C14H14N2O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.6736(2) Å, b = 7.7803(4) Å, c = 28.7821(13) Å, V = 1270.5(1) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0454, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0879, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of 1-acetyl-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole, C20H21ClN2O
Authors: Zhang Kai-Xin , Dong Meng-Ya , Mei Xiang-Dong , Li Yao-Fa , Zhang Tao , She Dong-Mei , Pan Wen-Liang , Gao Zhan-Lin , Ning Jun 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
C20H21ClN2O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.3888(15) Å, b = 9.6869(10) Å, c = 13.7238(17) Å, β = 96.445(12)°, V = 1768.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0497, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1153, T = 180.01(10) K.
Recent trends in removal and recovery of heavy metals from wastewater by electrochemical technologies
Authors: Maarof Hawaiah Imam , Daud Wan Mohd Ashri Wan , Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHeavy metal-laden water and wastewater pose a threat to biodiversity, including human health. Contaminated wastewater can be treated with several separation and purification methods. Among them, electrochemical treatment is a notable clean technology, versatile and environmentally compatible for the removal and recovery of inorganic pollutants from water and wastewater. Electrochemical technology provides solution for the recovery of metals in their most valuable state. This paper analyses the most recent electrochemical approaches for the removal and recovery of metal ions. Various current works involving cell design and electrode development were addressed in distinguished electrochemical processes, namely, electrodeposition, electrocoagulation, electroflotation, and electrosorption. Cathodic reduction of metal ions has been proven in result to metal deposit on the metal, metal oxide, stainless steel, and graphite electrode. However, little progress has been made toward electrode modification, particularly the cathode for the purpose of cathodic reduction and deposition. Meanwhile, emerging advanced materials, such as ionic liquids, have been presented to be prominent to the technological advancement of electrode modifications. It has been projected that by integrating different priorities into the design approach for electrochemical reactors and recent electrode developments, several insights can be obtained that will contribute toward the enhancement of the electrochemical process performance for the effective removal and recovery of heavy metals from water and wastewater in the near future.
Cocaine Promotes Coincidence Detection and Lowers Induction Threshold during Hebbian Associative Synaptic Potentiation in Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Ruan Hongyu , Yao Wei-Dong 
Published: December 2016

Addictive drugs usurp neural plasticity mechanisms that normally serve reward-related learning and memory, primarily by evoking changes in glutamatergic synaptic strength in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine circuitry. Here, we show that repeated cocaine exposurein vivodoes not alter synaptic strength in the mouse prefrontal cortex during an early period of withdrawal, but instead modifies a Hebbian quantitative synaptic learning rule by broadening the temporal window and lowers the induction threshold for spike-timing-dependent LTP (t-LTP). After repeated, but not single, daily cocaine injections, t-LTP in layer V pyramidal neurons is induced at +30 ms, a normally ineffective timing interval for t-LTP induction in saline-exposed mice. This cocaine-induced, extended-timing t-LTP lasts for ∼1 week after terminating cocaine and is accompanied by an increased susceptibility to potentiation by fewer pre–post spike pairs, indicating a reduced t-LTP induction threshold. Basal synaptic strength and the maximal attainable t-LTP magnitude remain unchanged after cocaine exposure. We further show that the cocaine facilitation of t-LTP induction is caused by sensitized D1-cAMP/protein kinase A dopamine signaling in pyramidal neurons, which then pathologically recruits voltage-gatedl-type Ca2+channels that synergize with GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors to drive t-LTP at extended timing. Our results illustrate a mechanism by which cocaine, acting on a key neuromodulation pathway, modifies the coincidence detection window during Hebbian plasticity to facilitate associative synaptic potentiation in prefrontal excitatory circuits. By modifying rules that govern activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, addictive drugs can derail the experience-driven neural circuit remodeling process important for executive control of reward and addiction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is believed that addictive drugs often render an addict's brain reward system hypersensitive, leaving the individual more susceptible to relapse. We found that repeated cocaine exposure alters a Hebbian associative synaptic learning rule that governs activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the mouse prefrontal cortex, characterized by a broader temporal window and a lower threshold for spike-timing-dependent LTP (t-LTP), a cellular form of learning and memory. This rule change is caused by cocaine-exacerbated D1-cAMP/protein kinase A dopamine signaling in pyramidal neurons that in turn pathologically recruitsl-type Ca2+channels to facilitate coincidence detection during t-LTP induction. Our study provides novel insights on how cocaine, even with only brief exposure, may prime neural circuits for subsequent experience-dependent remodeling that may underlie certain addictive behavior.
Diverse mechanisms of metaeffector activity in an intracellular bacterial pathogen, Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Urbanus Malene L , Quaile Andrew T , Stogios Peter J , Morar Mariya , Rao Chitong , Di Leo Rosa , Evdokimova Elena , Lam Mandy , Oatway Christina , Cuff Marianne E , Osipiuk Jerzy , Michalska Karolina , Nocek Boguslaw P , Taipale Mikko , Savchenko Alexei , Ensminger Alexander W 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPathogens deliver complex arsenals of translocated effector proteins to host cells during infection, but the extent to which these proteins are regulated once inside the eukaryotic cell remains poorly defined. Among all bacterial pathogens, Legionella pneumophila maintains the largest known set of translocated substrates, delivering over 300 proteins to the host cell via its Type IVB, Icm/Dot translocation system. Backed by a few notable examples of effector–effector regulation in L. pneumophila, we sought to define the extent of this phenomenon through a systematic analysis of effector–effector functional interaction. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an established proxy for the eukaryotic host, to query > 108,000 pairwise genetic interactions between two compatible expression libraries of ~330 L. pneumophila‐translocated substrates. While capturing all known examples of effector–effector suppression, we identify fourteen novel translocated substrates that suppress the activity of other bacterial effectors and one pair with synergistic activities. In at least nine instances, this regulation is direct—a hallmark of an emerging class of proteins called metaeffectors, or “effectors of effectors”. Through detailed structural and functional analysis, we show that metaeffector activity derives from a diverse range of mechanisms, shapes evolution, and can be used to reveal important aspects of each cognate effector's function. Metaeffectors, along with other, indirect, forms of effector–effector modulation, may be a common feature of many intracellular pathogens—with unrealized potential to inform our understanding of how pathogens regulate their interactions with the host cell.
Emergence of a Novel Chimeric Gene Underlying Grain Number in Rice
Authors: Chen Hao , Tang Yanyan , Liu Jianfeng , Tan Lubin , Jiang Jiahuan , Wang Mumu , Zhu Zuofeng , Sun Xianyou , Sun Chuanqing 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Grain number is an important factor in determining grain production of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The molecular genetic basis for grain number is complex. Discovering new genes involved in regulating rice grain number increases our knowledge regarding its molecular mechanisms and aids breeding programs. Here, we identified GRAINS NUMBER 2 (GN2), a novel gene that is responsible for rice grain number, from “Yuanjiang” common wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.). Transgenic plants overexpressing GN2 showed less grain number, reduced plant height, and later heading date than control plants. Interestingly, GN2 arose through the insertion of a 1094-bp sequence from LOC_Os02g45150 into the third exon of LOC_Os02g56630, and the inserted sequence recruited its nearby sequence to generate the chimeric GN2. The gene structure and expression pattern of GN2 were distinct from those of LOC_Os02g45150 and LOC_Os02g56630. Sequence analysis showed that GN2 may be generated in the natural population of Yuanjiang common wild rice. In this study, we identified a novel functional chimeric gene and also provided information regarding the molecular mechanisms regulating rice grain number.
Szívtranszplantáció és műszívkezelés költséghatékonysági elemzési modellje
Authors: Szentmihályi Ilona , Barabás János Imre , Bali Ágnes , Kapus Gábor , Tamás Csilla , Sax Balázs , Németh Endre , Pólos Miklós , Daróczi László , Kőszegi Andrea , Cao Chun , Benke Kálmán , Kovács Péter Barnabás , Fazekas Levente , Szabolcs Zoltán , Merkely Béla , Hartyánszky István 
Published: December 2016

Absztrakt
A szívtranszplantáció kiemelt projekt lett a Semmelweis Egyetemen belül. Ennek
megfelelően a szívátültetés és a mechanikus keringéstámogatás finanszírozása is
rendkívüli jelentőséget kapott. A szerzők a transzplantációs és műszíves betegek
költségeinek összehasonlításáról végzett költséghatékonysági számítási modell
felépítéséről számolnak be. A modell megalkotásánál direkt allokációs
költségszámítást, döntésifa-modellt, inkrementális költséghatékonysági rátát és
költséghatékonysági térképmódszert használtak. Módszerükkel össze tudják
hasonlítani a műszívbeültetésen átesett és a szívtranszplantációs betegcsoportok
kezdeti, perioperatív és utókezelési költségeit. Modelljük alkalmas lehet hosszú
távú utánkövetés és kellő elemszámú beteg bevonásával költséghatékonysági
elemzések elkészítésére, gazdasági döntéstámogató következtetések
meghozatalára.
A májfunkció vizsgálata respirometriával
Authors: Strifler Gerda , Mészáros András , Pécz Daniella , Ficzere Ágnes , Baráth Bálint , Boros Mihály , Hartmann Petra 
Published: December 2016

Absztrakt
A mitochondriumok kulcsfontosságú élettani feladataiknál fogva oki szerepet
játszanak számos akut és krónikus májbetegség kialakulásában, így e sejtalkotók
terápiás és lehetséges diagnosztikus célpontok is egyben. Jelen tanulmányunk
során bemutatunk egy vizsgálómódszert, amely nagy felbontású respirométer
(oxigráf) segítségével lehetővé teszi a mitochondrialis funkciók értékelését. A
vizsgálatok során friss szövetminták oxigénfogyasztásának meghatározása alapján
az oxidatív foszforilációt és a mitochondrialis légzési lánc működését nagy
pontossággal, valós időben lehet vizsgálni. A respirometriás módszer lehetőséget
adhat a műtét előtt vagy alatt vett biopsziákból a májmitochondriumok
funkcionális vizsgálatára is, így hozzájárulhat a sebészeti beavatkozások
hatékonyságának növeléséhez.
Changing trends in prevalence of goitre in hilly areas
Authors: Nanda Manpreet Singh , Sharma Ram Krishan 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders affecting the population worldwide. The aim of the study was to identify the emerging changing trends in prevalence of thyroid lesions in hilly areas to control and prevent goitre in these areas.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">100 patients with thyroid swelling were taken up in this study. The study included detailed history taking including age and sex, patient’s presenting symptoms, dietary habits, psychological status, complete physical examination and investigations like thyroid functions tests, fine needle aspiration cytology and ultrasonography neck. The findings were noted and analysed. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">More incidence of goitre was seen in females and younger and middle age groups. Hypothyroidism is more prevalent but there is increasing prevalence of hyperthyroidism. Non neoplastic lesions are much more common than neoplastic lesions. There is strong correlation between dietary habits and thyroid disorders. Stress factor has a role in thyroid disorders. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Thyroid disorders are common in hilly regions with age, sex, stress and dietary habits playing an important role in their prevalence.</span></p>
Los libros y la formación de los abogados neogranadinos
Authors: Fortich Navarro Mónica Patricia 
Published: December 2016

<p>En este texto se presenta una breve reflexión sobre el proceso de formación de los juristas en el Nuevo Reino de Granada, para aproximarnos a los libros que fueron parte esencial de dicho proceso. La mirada arranca desde el contexto universitario en España, en aspectos como la oratoria forense, los estudios del latín, los colegios y algunas prácticas profesionales de los juristas, que luego se trasladaran al nuevo mundo, en donde tienen su propia lógica y problemas .</p>
El pacto global de las Naciones Unidas sobre la responsabilidad social, la anticorrupción y la seguridad
Authors: Gómez Patiño Dilia Paola 
Published: December 2016

<p><span lang="ES">La presente reflexión es un acercamiento que examina el alcance que el Pacto Global de las Naciones Unidas puede observar como herramienta no solamente para ase­gurar la responsabilidad de las empresas en el contexto global, sino su capacidad de articulación frente a los dos aspectos más preocupantes de la sociedad colombiana: la corrupción y la seguridad. En consecuencia, este análisis pretende brindar algunas luces sobre lo que podría ser el <em>efecto bumerang</em> de la RSC en lo que respecta a los cuatro grandes frentes que aborda el Pacto -Derechos Humanos, derechos laborales, medio ambiente y lucha contra la corrupción- y en qué medida, desde la RSC se pueden irradiar transversalmente las iniciativas anticorrupción y garantía de la seguridad. </span></p>
Excepciones preliminares. Una mirada desde la Corte Iberoamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: González Serrano Andrés 
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo demostrará los diferentes nichos citacionales y espacios convencionales que permitirán al lector, identificar los criterios que ha fijado la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos de forma correlacionada con las excepciones preliminares en sus dos aspectos a saber: competencia y admisibilidad
Determinants of Women Participation and the Implication on Saving and Credit Cooperatives’ Development
Authors: Dayanandan R. 
Published: December 2016

<p><em>In Ethiopia, promoting gender equality and women empowerment is one of the millennium development goals (MDG) because women play a vital role in the community by taking care of all social activities. Even if women have the talents and skills, cooperatives like other forms of enterprise, reflect the broader society in which they operate, gender imbalances do exist, despite the cooperative principles and values that proclaim equality and equity. It is assumed that, saving and credit cooperatives (SAACOs) can serve the majority of rural people on sustainable base if only they have good performance for which equal participation of women is essential. However, in Dale district the female participation in SACCO is comparatively low. Therefore, to improve the performance of SACCOs and women membership, the major factors which affect the women participation need to be examined. Hence this paper focused on determinants of women participation and the implication of SACCOs in the study area.</em><em> </em></p><p><em>To address the objectives, both primary and secondary data were used. To collect the primary data, 148 cooperative women members from 13 selected cooperatives which are established during the year 2010 and another 130 non members from the vicinity of selected cooperatives have been identified randomly. Direct interview method was adopted by semi-structured interview schedule to collect the primary data. In addition, focus group discussion and key informant interview also carried out to elicit relevant information pertaining to the research. The collected data was analysed using SPSS (version 20) to arrive meaningful results. Descriptive statistics such as Mean, Standard Deviation, Chi-square Test, and Wilcoxon One Sample Test were used for analysis and interpretation of data. In addition, Binary Logistic Regression model was used to trace out the influential factors responsible for the participation of women in SACCOs in the study area. The analysis results are presented in the form of tabulation and diagrammatic representation.</em><em> </em></p><p><em>The outcome of the research shows that overall participation of women members in the affairs of SACCOs is relatively moderate. </em><em>The overall participation efficiency index value (244.5) which is slightly above the base value of 200 also supports the results. </em><em>As an average 85.8% of the sample women is satisfied with the operation and management of cooperatives. Also test of statistics proved that all the variables are significant either 1% or 5% level. Logit regression results indicate that out of 12 variables included in the model, 9 variables are found to be highly significant in determining the participation of women in SACCOs. A </em><em>positive implication of women membership in SACCOs’ development also found through test results and is highly significant with the value of 4.27 which is far above the median value of 2. On the basis of findings suitable policy implications are forwarded.<br /></em></p>