bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active recovery of the finger flexors enhances intermittent handgrip performance in rock climbers
Authors: Baláš Jiří , Michailov Michail , Giles David , Kodejška Jan , Panáčková Michaela , Fryer Simon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to (1) evaluate the effect of hand shaking during recovery phases of intermittent testing on the time–force characteristics of performance and muscle oxygenation, and (2) assess inter‐individual variability in the time to achieve the target force during intermittent testing in rock climbers. Twenty‐two participants undertook three finger flexor endurance tests at 60% of their maximal voluntary contraction until failure. Performances of a sustained contraction and two intermittent contractions, each with different recovery strategies, were analysed by time–force parameters and near‐infrared spectroscopy. Recovery with shaking of the forearm beside the body led to a significantly greater intermittent test time (↑ 22%, P < .05), force–time integral (↑ 28%, P < .05) and faster muscle re‐oxygenation (↑ 32%, P < .05), when compared to the hand over hold condition. Further, the ratio of intermittent to continuous test time distinguished specific aerobic muscular adaptations among sport climbers (2.02), boulderers (1.74) and lower grade climbers (1.25). Lower grade climbers and boulderers produced shorter duration contractions due to the slower development of target force during the intermittent test, indicating worse kinaesthetic differentiation. Both the type of recovery and climbing discipline determined muscle re‐oxygenation and intermittent performance in rock climbers.
We should not assume that fishing jellyfish will solve our jellyfish problem
Authors: Gibbons M. J. , Boero F. , Brotz L. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Whether jellyfish are increasing or not in the global ocean is a subject of some debate, but the fact remains that when they bloom, jellyfish can negatively affect local economies. Despite this, there has been no robust debate about the idea of deliberately removing jellyfish as a means of population control. Here, we discuss the effects of fishing for jellyfish, either as a sustainable resource and/or as a way to simply reduce their nuisance value, on both individual jellyfish populations and the ecosystem. Given that the drivers influencing each local bloom are different, or that the effects of more widespread drivers may be manifested differently at each locale, our priority at population control/use needs to be more basic research on jellyfish. While we do not advocate a no-fishing approach, we emphasize the need to be cautious in embracing jellyfish fisheries as a panacea and we need to consider the management of each bloom on a case-by-case basis.
Decades of habitat use reveal food limitation of Newfoundland caribou
Authors: Schaefer James A. , Mahoney Shane P. , Weir Jackie N. , Luther J. Glenn , Soulliere Colleen E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Identifying limiting factors is fundamental to understanding and conserving mammals, yet it often requires long-term data for long-lived species. Numerical changes of migratory caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ), for example, may unfold over decades, but few studies have examined habitat use at similar timeframes. We analyzed multiple decades of habitat use by caribou in Newfoundland, Canada, coincident with their numeric growth ( r = 0.064 in 1980s, 1990s) and decline ( r = −0.099 in 2000s). We examined 2 scales: selection of land cover, based on radiotracking of 520 adult females, and diet, based on microhistological analysis of feces and age-specific tooth wear from jawbones of harvested animals. Caribou responded at both scales. In contrast to previous decades, females during the population decline used proportionally less open coniferous and closed coniferous forests, they used more shrublands (in fall and winter) and barrens, open habitats with greater vascular plant resources. Patterns of selection also changed from nonselection to avoidance of open coniferous forest and from avoidance to nonselection or preference of barrens. The proportion of dietary moss increased at the expense of deciduous shrubs, especially during spring and summer and of ericaceous shrubs, graminoids, and lichens during winter. Teeth of both sexes exhibited premature wear, likely indicative of abrasion from low-quality forages and cropping of foods near the ground. These patterns mirror other responses, including declines in calf weight, female body size, number of male antler points, herd affinities, and time spent on the summer grounds. We surmise that they reflect density-dependent forage limitation of this island population.
Addressing the Interprofessional Collaboration Competencies of the Association of American Medical Colleges: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments in Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Havyer Rachel D. , Nelson Darlene R. , Wingo Majken T. , Comfere Nneka I. , Halvorsen Andrew J. , McDonald Furman S. , Reed Darcy A. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
To summarize characteristics and validity evidence of tools that assess teamwork in undergraduate medical education (UME), and provide recommendations for addressing the interprofessional collaboration competencies of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC).

Method
The authors conducted a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-process, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from January 1, 1979, through April 1, 2014; they searched reference lists and national meeting abstracts. They included original research reports that described a quantitative tool used to assess teamwork in UME. They abstracted characteristics and validity evidence for the tools, plus study quality, according to established frameworks. Two authors independently abstracted 25% of articles and calculated agreement. Authors then applied predefined criteria to identify tools best suited to address the AAMC’s teamwork competencies.

Results
Of 13,549 citations, 70 articles describing 64 teamwork assessment tools were included. Of these 64 tools, 27 (42%) assessed teamwork in classroom, 31 (48%) in simulation, and only 7 (11%) in actual clinical settings. The majority (47; 73%) of tools assessed medical students’ teamwork in interprofessional teams. On the basis of content concordance, strength of validity evidence, generalizability of scores, and level of outcomes, four published tools were recommended to assess the AAMC’s teamwork competencies: the Collaborative Healthcare Interdisciplinary Relationship Planning Scale, Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale, Communication and Teamwork Skills assessment, and Teamwork Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise.

Conclusions
Substantial validity evidence supports the use of several UME teamwork assessments. Four tools have been appropriately designed and sufficiently studied to constitute appropriate assessments of the AAMC’s teamwork competencies.
All Health Is Global Health, All Medicine Is Social Medicine: Integrating the Social Sciences Into the Preclinical Curriculum
Authors: Kasper Jennifer , Greene Jeremy A. , Farmer Paul E. , Jones David S. 
Published: December 2015

As physicians work to achieve optimal health outcomes for their patients, they often struggle to address the issues that arise outside the clinic. Social, economic, and political factors influence patients’ burden of disease, access to treatment, and health outcomes. This challenge has motivated recent calls for increased attention to the social determinants of health. At the same time, advocates have called for increased attention to global health. Each year, more U.S. medical students participate in global health experiences. Yet, the global health training that is available varies widely. The discipline of social medicine, which attends to the social determinants of disease, social meanings of disease, and social responses to disease, offers a solution to both challenges. The analyses and techniques of social medicine provide an invaluable toolkit for providing health care in the United States and abroad.
In 2007, Harvard Medical School implemented a new course, required for all first-year students, that teaches social medicine in a way that integrates global health. In this article, the authors argue for the importance of including social medicine and global health in the preclinical curriculum; describe Harvard Medical School’s innovative, integrated approach to teaching these disciplines, which can be used at other medical schools; and explore the barriers that educators may face in implementing such a curriculum, including resistance from students. Such a course can equip medical students with the knowledge and tools that they will need to address complex health problems in the United States and abroad.
Factors Associated With Receipt of Radiation Therapy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: McClure Laura A. , Sussman Daniel A. , Hernandez Monique N. , Tannenbaum Stacey L. , Yechieli Raphael L. , Bonner Judith M. , Zheng D. Diane , Lee David J. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
Appropriate treatment for cancer is vital to increasing the likelihood of survival; however, for rectal cancer, there are demonstrated disparities in receipt of treatment by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. We evaluated factors associated with receipt of appropriate radiation therapy for rectal cancer using data from the Florida Cancer Data System that had been previously enriched with detailed treatment information collected from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Comparative Effectiveness Research study. This treatment information is not routinely available in cancer registry data and represents a unique data resource.

Materials and Methods:
Using multivariable regression, we evaluated factors associated with receiving radiation therapy among rectal cancer cases stage II/III. Our sample (n=403) included cases diagnosed in Florida in 2011 who were 18 years and older. Cases clinically staged as 0/I/IV were excluded.

Results:
Older age (odds ratio=0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-0.97), the presence of one or more comorbidities (0.61; 0.39-0.96), and receipt of surgical intervention (0.44; 0.22-0.90) were associated with lack of radiation.

Conclusions:
In this cohort of patients, sociodemographic factors such as race/ethnicity, insurance status, and socioeconomic status, did not influence the receipt of radiation. Further research is needed, however, to understand why aging, greater comorbidity, and having surgery present a barrier to radiation therapy, particularly given that it is a well-tolerated treatment in most patients.
Correlation Between Standardized Uptake Value in Preneoadjuvant and Postneoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Tumor Regression Grade in Patients With Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Baksh Kathryn , Prithviraj Gopi , Kim Youngchul , Hoffe Sarah , Shridhar Ravi , Coppola Domenico , Centeno Barbara , Pimiento Jose , Meredith Kenneth , Almhanna Khaldoun 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
To investigate whether positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) initial and restaging imaging predicts for pathologic response measured by tumor regression grade (TRG) after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 220 patients with stage II-III esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery was performed. In total, 187 patients were eligible for statistical analysis. Pretreatment and posttreatment PET/CT scans were reviewed. Maximum standard uptake value (SUV) at the site of the primary tumor was recorded before and 6 weeks after neoadjuvant therapy. Upon completion of surgery, TRG was determined by a specialized site-specific gastrointestinal pathologist. Spearman correlation was used to compare pre, post, and change in maximum SUV, TRG, and overall survival.

Results:
The median follow-up was 24 months. Although no significant correlation was found between pretreatment SUV and TRG (r=0.073, P=0.32), post-CRT SUV, however, showed a significant positive correlation with TRG (r=0.374, P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between the absolute change in fluorodeoxyglucose uptake after CRT and TRG (r=0.057, P=0.44); however, the rate of SUV change showed a significant correlation with TRG (r=0.178, P=0.017). Similar to previous studies, our study showed a significant difference in overall survival between TRG groups (log-rank test, P=0.019). Patients with TRG 3 showed prominently worse survival with median survival of 27.4 months. Patients with favorable pathologic responses were those whose scans demonstrated a metabolic response defined as a decrease in SUV≥70%.

Conclusions:
Changes in SUV uptake on PET/CT scans after CRT have prognostic value in predicting pathologic response of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Further studies are needed to validate the integration of PET/CT as a decision-making tool.
Prognosis of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients admitted to a medical emergency department
Authors: Schwameis Michael , Buchtele Nina , Schober Andreas , Schoergenhofer Christian , Quehenberger Peter , Jilma Bernd 
Published: December 2015

Objective
To assess the prevalence, characteristics and prognosis of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in adult emergency department (ED) patients and identify markers of poor outcome.

Materials and methods
In a chart review study, we analysed the occurrence of overt DIC in all patients (n=1 001 727) attending the University’s ED from 2003 to 2014 applying the ISTH DIC score. The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of mortality.

Results
The initial inter-rater reliability in the diagnosis of DIC was 0.85 [κ; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77–0.92]. The main DIC precipitators were malignancy (47%), cardiovascular diseases (CVD, 27%) and sepsis (16%). Hyperfibrinolytic DIC occurred in 27% of patients and was over-represented in those with cardiac arrest (68%). Thirty-day mortality (52%) was inversely associated with fibrinogen levels on admission [adjusted odds ratio, 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30–0.82; P=0.006]. Afibrinogenaemia implied an even 10-fold increased risk of dying (crude odds ratio, 10.0; 95% CI: 3.2–31.4; P<0.001). D-dimer and platelet count had no predictive value. Appropriate ICD-10 coding for DIC was present in only 1.8% of cases.

Conclusion
Overt DIC is a rare but underdiagnosed event in ED patients. In this collective, cardiac arrest is a dominant cause of DIC presenting with a fibrinolytic phenotype. The degree of hypofibrinogenaemia on admission strongly and linearly predicted early death.
Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis in Children
Authors: Pant Chaitanya , Sferra Thomas J. , Lee Brian R. , Cocjin Jose T. , Olyaee Mojtaba 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTWe investigated acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) in children using a national health care database. From 2002 to 2014, 26,435 children had a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP); 10,648 discharges were index hospitalizations. A total of 6159 children had a single hospitalization for AP, whereas 4489 (42%) children underwent 15,787 rehospitalizations. Children experienced a median of 2 ARP‐related hospitalizations with a median time between admissions of 86 days. Younger patients with a more severe index episode of AP were at a higher risk of ARP. ARP‐related hospitalizations had an increased requirement for intensive care unit care compared with an index episode of AP.
Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Liver Involvement in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bramuzzo Matteo , Martelossi Stefano , Torre Giuliano , Cardile Sabrina , Arrigo Serena , Vignola Silvia , Ferrari Federica , Zuin Giovanna , Illiceto Maria Teresa , Gasparetto Marco , Pellegrino Salvatore , Romano Claudio , Maggiore Giuseppe , Montico Marcella , Aloi Marina ,   SIGENP IBD Group
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Autoimmune liver disease is reported in up to 7.8% of children with inflammatory bowel disease. A distinct inflammatory bowel disease phenotype has been suggested in adults and in small pediatric cohorts. The aim of the study was to evaluate the features of inflammatory bowel disease associated with autoimmune liver diseases and to analyze the characteristics of the liver disease.Methods:Information on patients was obtained from the Italian Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry. Data of patients with and without autoimmune liver disease were compared.Results:Autoimmune liver disease was detected in 6.8% of the 677 patients enrolled and was significantly associated with the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (83%), with pancolonic involvement (84%), and with perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity (41%) (all Ps < 0.05). Autoimmune liver disease was defined as sclerosing cholangitis in 61% of the patients and as an overlap syndrome in 33%. Concomitant intra‐ and extrahepatic biliary involvement was reported in 61% of cases, whereas exclusive extrahepatic lesions were reported in 21%. Hepatobiliary complications were observed in 9% of the patients during follow‐up.Conclusions:Autoimmune liver disease, especially sclerosing cholangitis, was significantly more common in patients with extensive ulcerative colitis. Although complications are relatively rare in the pediatric age, monitoring is recommended.
Clinical Features of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of the Liver in Children
Authors: Ji Yi , Chen Siyuan , Xiang Bo , Wen Tianfu , Yang Jiaying , Zhong Lin , Li Fuyu , Li Li 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBackground:Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign hepatic lesion that is rare in children. The aim of the present study was to review the clinical features of children with FNH and our institution's experience in the management of this rare disease.Methods:A review of the medical records of children diagnosed as having FNH between 1999 and 2013 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University was undertaken.Results:Seventy‐nine patients with FNH were identified: 68 patients without a history of malignancy and 11 patients with a history of malignancy. Thirty‐seven (46.8%) patients were symptomatic at presentation. Patients with a history of malignancy had smaller FNH lesions and were less likely to have a central scar in FNH than do patients without a history of malignancy. Forty‐seven patients underwent liver resection because of concern for malignancy, symptoms, and/or large lesions. Three patients were treated by embolization because of compression of the adjacent organs. There was no operative death or severe postoperative complications. Fourteen patients underwent liver biopsy to rule out malignant masses. The remaining 15 patients were managed expectantly with imaging surveillance. On follow‐up, 2 patients for whom observation was initially recommended eventually required resection because of a mass effect.Conclusions:The clinical features of pediatric FNH are variable and can be nonspecific. Our data emphasize the therapeutic approach that active management is indicated in symptomatic or progressive FNH and in children with diagnostic difficulties, whereas observation management is recommended in asymptomatic children with a definitive diagnosis.
Arabidopsis late blight: Infection of a nonhost plant byAlbugo laibachiienables full colonization byPhytophthora infestans
Authors: Belhaj Khaoula , Cano Liliana M. , Prince David C. , Kemen Ariane , Yoshida Kentaro , Dagdas Yasin F. , Etherington Graham J. , Schoonbeek Henk-jan , van Esse H. Peter , Jones Jonathan D.G. , Kamoun Sophien , Schornack Sebastian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe oomycete pathogenPhytophthora infestanscauses potato late blight, and as a potato and tomato specialist pathogen, is seemingly poorly adapted to infect plants outside the Solanaceae. Here, we report the unexpected finding thatP. infestanscan infectArabidopsis thalianawhen another oomycete pathogen,Albugo laibachii, has colonized the host plant. The behaviour and speed ofP. infestansinfection in Arabidopsis pre-infected withA. laibachiiresembleP. infestansinfection of susceptible potato plants. Transcriptional profiling ofP. infestansgenes during infection revealed a significant overlap in the sets of secreted-protein genes that are induced inP. infestansupon colonisation of potato and susceptible Arabidopsis, suggesting major similarities inP. infestansgene expression dynamics on the two plant species. Furthermore, we found haustoria ofA. laibachiiandP. infestanswithin the same Arabidopsis cells. This Arabidopsis -A. laibachii-P. infestanstripartite interaction opens up various possibilities to dissect the molecular mechanisms ofP. infestansinfection and the processes occurring in co-infected Arabidopsis cells.
Detecting host-parasitoid interactions in an invasive Lepidopteran using nested tagging DNA-metabarcoding
Authors: Kitson James JN , Hahn Christoph , Sands Richard J , Straw Nigel A , Evans Darren M , Lunt David H 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDetermining the host-parasitoid interactions and parasitism rates for invasive species entering novel environments is an important first step in assessing potential routes for biocontrol and integrated pest management. Conventional insect rearing techniques followed by taxonomic identification are widely used to obtain such data, but this can be time consuming and prone to biases. Here we present a Next Generation Sequencing approach for use in ecological studies which allows for individual level metadata tracking of large numbers of invertebrate samples through the use of hierarchically organised molecular identification tags. We demonstrate its utility using a sample data set examining both species identity and levels of parasitism in late larval stages of the Oak Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea processionea- Linn. 1758), an invasive species recently established in the UK. Overall we find that there are two main species exploiting the late larval stages of Oak Processionary Moth in the UK with the main parasitoid (Carcelia iliaca-Ratzeburg, 1840) parasitising 45.7% of caterpillars, while a rare secondary parasitoid (Compsilura conccinata-Meigen, 1824) was also detected in 0.4% of caterpillars. Using this approach on all life stages of the Oak Processionary Moth may demonstrate additional parasitoid diversity. We discuss the wider potential of nested tagging DNA-metabarcoding for constructing large, highly-resolved species interaction networks.