bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature monitoring of nonanaesthetised patients in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory
Authors: Kennedy Wendy , Conway Aaron 
Published: April 2016

Aim and objectivesTo identify the prevalence that temperature reduced by more than 1 °C from pre‐ to post‐procedure in a sample of non‐anaesthetised patients undergoing procedures in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory.BackgroundAdvances in medical technology are minimising the invasiveness of diagnostic tests and treatments for disease, which is correspondingly increasing the number of medical procedures performed without sedation or anaesthesia. Procedural areas in which medical procedures are performed without anaesthesia are typically kept at a cool temperature for staff comfort. As such, there is a need to inform nursing practices with regard to the thermal management of non‐anaesthetised patients undergoing procedures in surgical or procedural environments.DesignSingle‐site observational study.MethodsPatients were included if they had undergone an elective procedure without sedation or anaesthesia in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory. Ambient room temperature was maintained between 18 and 20 °C. Passive warming with heated cotton blankets was applied. Nurses measured body temperature and thermal comfort before and after 342 procedures.ResultsMean change in temperature was −0.08 °C (Standard deviation 0.43). The reduction in temperature was more than 1 °C after 11 procedures (3.2%). One patient whose temperature had reduced more than 1 °C after their procedure reported thermal discomfort. A total of 12 patients were observed to be shivering post‐procedure (3.6%). No demographic or clinical characteristics were associated with reduction in temperature of more than 1 °C from pre to post‐procedure.ConclusionsSignificant reduction in body temperature was rare in our sample of non‐anaesthetised patients.Relevance to clinical practiceSimilar results would likely be found in other procedural contexts during procedures conducted in settings with comparable room temperatures where passive warming can also be applied with limited skin exposure.
Sciatic neuroendometriosis: Magnetic resonance imaging defined perineural spread of endometriosis
Authors: Cimsit Canan , Yoldemir Tevfik , Akpinar Ihsan Nuri 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCatamenial sciatic radiculopathy resulting from endometriosis is a rare presentation of a common disease in which the pathogenesis of pain is still under debate. A 32‐year‐old woman presented complaining of infertility, catamenial sciatica, and pelvic and gluteal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed endometriotic infiltration of the left proximal lumbosacral plexus, sacral nerve track, sciatic nerve at the sciatic notch and pudendal nerve along the iliococcygeus muscle, together with left endometrioma and deep infiltrating endometriosis lesions. Laparoscopic endometriosis surgery was performed after all of the complications and possible outcomes of the surgery were discussed with the patient. Our case report highlights the importance of magnetic resonance imaging evidence of perineural spread, outlining the pathophysiology of the pelvic pain associated with neuroendometriosis.
Vanishing intravenous leiomyomatosis after hysterectomy: Assessment of the need to perform complete resection
Authors: Maneyama Haruka , Miyasaka Naoyuki , Wakana Kimio , Nakamura Megumi , Kitazume Yoshio , Kubota Toshiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare smooth muscle tumor that may extend into extrauterine veins. A high IVL recurrence rate has been reported after hysterectomy. A 44‐year‐old woman underwent total hysterectomy as a result of uterine leiomyoma, and IVL within the left uterine vein was incidentally found during the surgery. A residual tumor within the right ovarian vein was detected on contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) two days postoperatively. The tumor was diagnosed as IVL because it showed contrast enhancement on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging by retrospective re‐interpretation. However, the tumor completely disappeared on contrast‐enhanced CT without any medical treatment five months postoperatively. This is the first report of spontaneous regression of IVL. Postsurgical imaging was important to determine the residual extrauterine extension of IVL when it was incidentally found during gynecologic surgery. A hysterectomy alone may be adequate in selected cases, but long‐term follow‐up imaging is strongly recommended in all cases.
The Effect of Endogenous Adenosine on Neuronal Activity in Rats: An FDG PET Study
Authors: Parkinson Fiona E. , Paul Soumen , Zhang Dali , Mzengeza Shadreck , Ko Ji Hyun 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT2–18F‐fluorodeoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) is a glucose analog that is taken up by cells and phosphorylated. The amount of FDG accumulated by cells is a measure of the rate of glycolysis, which reflects cellular activity. As the levels and actions of the neuromodulator adenosine are dynamically regulated by neuronal activity, this study was designed to test whether endogenous adenosine affects tissue accumulation of FDG as assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) or by postmortem analysis of tissue radioactivity. Rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropyl‐xanthine (DPCPX, 3 mg/kg), the adenosine kinase inhibitor ABT‐702 (3 mg/kg), or vehicle 10 minutes prior to an intravenous injection of FDG (15.4 ± 0.7 MBq per rat). Rats were then subjected to a 15 minute static PET scan. Reconstructed images were normalized to FDG PET template for rats and standard uptake values (SUVs) were calculated. To examine the regional effect of active treatment compared to vehicle, statistical parametric mapping analysis was performed. Whole‐brain FDG uptake was not affected by drug treatment. Significant regional hypometabolism was detected, particularly in cerebellum, of DPCPX‐ and ABT‐702 treated rats, relative to vehicle‐treated rats. Thus, endogenous adenosine can affect FDG accumulation although this effect is modest in quiescent rats.
Incorporation of sunflower oil or linseed oil in equine compound feedstuff: 1 Effects on haematology and on fatty acids profiles in the red blood cells membranes
Authors: Patoux S. , Istasse L. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryEight trained horses (6 mares – 2 geldings, 6 Selle Français, 2 Trotteur Français, 12 ± 5.8 years old, 538 ± 72.5 kg) were offered three diets to potentially affect haematology and the fatty acids (FA) profiles in red blood cells (RBC) membranes. The control diet was composed of 50% hay and 50% concentrate containing mainly rolled barley (48%) and whole spelt (48%). In the case of sunflower oil diet, sunflower oil (62.0% ofα‐linoleic acid,LA) was incorporated at a rate of 8% and substituted by an equal proportion of barley. In the linseed oil diet, first cold‐pressed linseed oil (56.0% ofα‐linolenic acid,ALA) was utilised at a similar incorporation rate of 8%. The experimental design consisted of three 3 × 3 latin squares with one being incomplete. Each period lasted 8 weeks. On average, the total feed intake (straw excluded) was 6.2 kg/day and the oil intake 0.278 kg/day. The oils significantly increased the concentrations ofRBC, haemoglobin and haematocrit. The oils had no significant impact on the haematology profiles except that platelets tended to decrease in both oil‐based diets. The most abundantFAin theRBCmembranes of the control diet samples were in the decreasing orderLA, C18:1n9‐7, C18:0, C16:0 and the arachidonic acid (ARA) respectively. The sunflower oil supplementation slightly increased the amount ofLA(36.23 vs. 34.72 mg/dl, p = 0.55) and C22:4n‐6 (0.21 vs. 0.09 mg/dl, p = 0.22), while the decrease was observed in case of otherFA(C16:1n‐7, 1.08 vs. 1.42 mg/dl, p = 0.03), C20:3n‐6 (0.22 vs. 0.31 mg/dl, p = 0.02), andARA(1.17 vs. 1.63 mg/dl, p = 0.08). Linseed oil induced similar effects in the n‐6 seriesFAprofiles. In the context of practical applications, our results show that linseed oil incorporation in the diet could improve the haematology and the n‐3FAprofiles potentially leading to an increased performance.
Thermophysiological, haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road
Authors: Pascual‐Alonso M. , Miranda‐de la Lama G. C. , Aguayo‐Ulloa L. , Villarroel M. , Mitchell M. , María G. A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe study was conducted to evaluate the thermophysiological, haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road. A total of 44 Chamarita breed adult ewes were randomly allotted to one of two groups, one control group (untransported) and transported group (journey of 4 h), and blood stress indicators were measured 1 day before transport and at four time points post‐transport (0, 4 and 24 h). Thermophysiological profiles of ewes were measured by temperature buttons (iButton Thermochron®) and placed in intravaginal sponges. Direct observations, with a combination of scan and behaviour sampling, were carried out to collect information on individual behaviour and the time it took the ewes to drink water, eat and rest after returning to their pen respectively. Transported ewes lost approximately 1 kg live weight compared to controls and had higher body temperatures until 12 h post‐transport. Cortisol, glucose, non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations as well as the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and other physiological indicators were higher immediately after unloading in transported ewes but mostly returned to normal after 4 h, with complete recovery after 24 h. Behavioural analysis post‐transport demonstrated that transported ewes chose to eat before drinking and spent less time resting than controls in the first 3 h after unloading. The study demonstrates that transportation even under short‐journey conditions induced behavioural, physiological and thermophysiological responses indicative of the induction of significant stress, leading to live weight shrinkage that may jeopardize farmer's incomes. Finally, results of this study validated the use of iButton Thermochron® data loggers for monitoring the stress response during transport.
Effect of dietary α‐tocopherol on the bioavailability of lutein in laying hen
Authors: Islam K. M. S. , Khalil M. , Männer K. , Raila J. , Rawel H. , Zentek J. , Schweigert F. J. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryLutein and its isomer zeaxanthin have gained considerable interest as possible nutritional ingredient in the prevention of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in humans. Egg yolk is a rich source of these carotenoids. As an oxidative sensitive component, antioxidants such as α‐tocopherol (T) might contribute to an improved accumulation in egg yolk. To test this, chickens were fed lutein esters (LE) with and without α‐tocopherol as an antioxidant. After depletion on a wheat–soya bean‐based lutein‐poor diet for 21 days, laying hens (n = 42) were equally divided into three groups and fed the following diets for 21 days: control (basal diet), a LE group (40 mg LE/kg feed) and LE + T group (40 mg LE plus 100 mg T/kg feed). Eggs and blood were collected periodically. Carotenoids and α‐tocopherol in yolk and blood plasma were determined by HPLC. Egg yolk was also analysed for total carotenoids using a one‐step spectrophotometric method (iCheck(™)). Lutein, zeaxanthin, α‐tocopherol and total carotenoids in egg yolk were highest after 14 days of feeding and decreased slightly afterwards. At the end of the trial, eggs of LE + T group contained higher amount of lutein (13.72), zeaxanthin (0.65), α‐tocopherol (297.40) and total carotenoids (21.6) compared to the LE group (10.96, 0.55, 205.20 and 18.0 mg/kg, respectively, p < 0.05). Blood plasma values of LE + T group contain higher lutein (1.3), zeaxanthin (0.06) and tocopherol (20.1) compared to LE group (1.02, 0.04 and 14.90 mg/l, respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary α‐tocopherol enhances bioavailability of lutein reflecting higher content in egg yolk and blood plasma. Improved bioavailability might be due to increased absorption of lutein in the presence of tocopherol and/or a greater stability of lutein/zeaxanthin due to the presence of α‐tocopherol as an antioxidant.
Effects of a blend of garlic oil, nitrate and fumarate on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial population
Authors: Mbiriri D. T. , Cho S. , Mamvura C. I. , Choi N. J. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAlthough garlic oil and nitrate can effectively suppress ruminal methane (CH4) production in vitro, the application of these compounds is associated with suppressed total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. On the other hand, the effectiveness of fumarate as a ruminal CH4 mitigating agent is variable but its application increases total VFA concentration. We therefore hypothesized that the different characteristics of the compounds can compensate for the shortcomings of the other. The objective of this study was to develop an optimal blend of garlic oil, nitrate and fumarate that can suppress in vitro ruminal CH4 without affecting total VFA concentration. Three ruminal in vitro fermentation experiments were carried out. The first one, a one factor at a time experiment was employed to investigate the effective concentration of each of the compounds on CH4 and VFA production by ruminal bacteria. We then applied the fractional factorial design and response surface methodology in the second experiment to determine optimal concentrations of the compounds in the blend. The optimal blending of garlic oil, fumarate and nitrate was determined to be 50 mg/l, 15 mm and 20 mm, respectively. This simulated optimal blend was verified in a 48 h in vitro batch fermentation experiment. The blend achieved the intended goal of suppressing CH4 whilst maintaining total VFA concentration. The blend and nitrate suppressed archaea populations (p < 0.001) but did not affect the total microbial population (p = 0.945). The observed results could be explained by additive effects of the agents making up the blend. Supplementing a high concentrate diet with the blend can significantly decrease ruminal CH4 and maintain total VFAin vitro. These findings however, need to be verified in vivo using the optimized ratio of combining the three methane inhibitors as a guide.
Effects of the Affordable Care Act's Dependent Coverage Mandate on Private Health Insurance Coverage in Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: Look Kevin A. , Kim Nam Hyo , Arora Prachi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) dependent coverage mandate on insurance coverage among young adults in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted using data from 2006‐2009 and 2011 waves of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. A difference‐in‐difference analysis was used to compare changes in full‐year private health insurance coverage among young adults aged 19‐25 years with an older cohort aged 27‐34 years. Separate regressions were estimated for individuals in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas and were tested for a differential impact by area of residence.FindingsFull‐year private health insurance coverage significantly increased by 9.2 percentage points for young adults compared to the older cohort after the ACA mandate (P = .00). When stratifying the regression model by residence area, insurance coverage among young adults significantly increased by 9.0 percentage points in metropolitan areas (P = .00) and 10.1 percentage points in nonmetropolitan areas (P = .03). These changes were not significantly different from each other (P = .82), which suggests the ACA mandate's effects were not statistically different by area of residence.ConclusionsAlthough young adults in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas experienced increased access to private health insurance following the ACA's dependent coverage mandate, it did not appear to directly impact rural‐urban disparities in health insurance coverage. Despite residents in both areas gaining insurance coverage, over one‐third of young adults still lacked access to full‐year health insurance coverage.
Everyday Life in Social Psychology
Authors: Emiliani Francesca , Passini Stefano 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the field of psychology, the topic of everyday life as a specific subject of inquiry has been afforded little attention. Indeed, everyday life has recently been analyzed mainly in psychological studies that examine people's ways of behaving and thinking when they act in situations termed as mundane and ordinary. These studies are mainly carried out in two fields of social psychology which we refer to in general terms as Social Cognition and Social Representation Theory. The aim of this paper is to examine how both these fields treat some of the features commonly attributed to everyday life. In particular, the features of familiarization, continuity and stability over time and automaticity are discussed in order to try to figure out meeting points between the two fields mentioned.
Soil degradation and feedback processes affect long‐term recovery of tropical secondary forests
Authors: Chua Siew Chin , Ramage Benjamin S. , Potts Matthew D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractQuestionsWhat processes govern the long‐term recovery of tropical secondary forests? Specifically, how are seedling species density, stem density and functional groups in older regenerating forests affected by existing trees, the regeneration environment and distance to seed sources?LocationCentral Catchment Nature Reserve, Singapore.MethodsWe investigated three primary forest plots and nine 60‐yr‐old secondary forest plots varying in their degree of recovery. We analysed seedling parameters as a function of the abiotic and biotic regeneration environment as well as distance to primary and mature secondary forests.ResultsThe secondary forest plots had functional composition distinct from, and Chao‐estimated species richness and stem density lower than the primary forest plots. Seedling communities were most strongly associated with the mature tree communities within each plot; associations with other intra‐plot variables and distance to potential seed sources were lower but still highly significant. Overall, aside from the mature tree community, the most significant predictors of seedling species composition were fern cover, VPD, soil Al, available P and C:N ratio. Primary forest species were associated with low light environments, low macronutrients and low Al saturation. Secondary forest species were associated with high P, low soil pH and low total exchangeable bases. Long‐lived pioneers differed from short‐lived pioneers in their association with high soil C:N ratio, low Al saturation, low P and tolerance of a wider light range. Overall, improved seedling recruitment was associated with decreasing fern cover, thinner layer of leaf litter and higher light. At the landscape level, species density was inversely related to distance to potential seed sources.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that historical soil degradation and subsequent feedback processes among the adult trees, seedling communities and the regeneration environment strongly affect forest succession. Nutrient‐efficient and Al‐tolerant pioneers, such as the fern Dicranopteris linearis, were probably initial colonizers. Chance dispersal and recovery of the regeneration environment subsequently affected the establishment of long‐lived or short‐lived pioneers. Persistence of D. linearis and long‐lived pioneers slowed forest recovery, while short‐lived pioneers improved nutrient recovery and ameliorated the above‐ground conditions to facilitate subsequent succession, provided that seeds of primary forest species were present.
Mending a broken heart but breaking the kidney
Authors: Mazzone Annette L , Baker Robert A , Gleadle Jonathan M 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious complication of cardiac surgery. In 2013, 95% of cardiac surgical procedures performed in Australia and New Zealand used cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). AKI following CPB is well known, yet the perioperative factors contributing to its development are incompletely understood. AKI following CPB has significant implications on both short‐term and long‐term outcomes. The techniques for conducting CPB have evolved, moving towards evidence‐based practice; however, there is still no generally accepted definition of optimal perfusion and its conduct. This review examines the current incidence of AKI following cardiac surgery and the short‐term and longer‐term effects of AKI on morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to discuss the perioperative risk factors related to CPB and their contribution to the development of AKI. This review will also discuss outcomes in regard to off‐pump cardiac surgery, the role of remote ischaemic preconditioning on AKI and outcomes in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing cardiac surgery.
Use of Fentanyl Patch for Treatment of Moderate‐to‐severe Chronic Noncancer Pain: Postmarketing Surveillance of Medical Practice in Japan Using a Risk Minimization Action Plan
Authors: Kawai Koji , Yoshizawa Kazutake , Fujie Motoko , Kobayashi Hisanori , Ogawa Yoshimasa , Yajima Tsutomu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to discuss the safety, treatment profile, and clinical effectiveness of 12‐month treatment with fentanyl patch (FP), a strong opioid, in medical practice in Japan under the risk minimization action plan (RMAP).MethodsPatients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic noncancer pain who had switched to FP from another opioid were registered to take this survey to assess adverse drug reactions (ADRs), therapeutic effect, and pain intensity for up to 12 months.ResultsA total of 517 patients were enrolled, and 499 patients (male, 50.9%; mean [SD] age, 63.0 [15.4] years) were included in the safety population. During the 12‐month observation period, an ADR occurred in 262 patients (52.5%); most frequent ADRs included nausea (24.2%), somnolence (22.4%), constipation (18.2%), vomiting (9%), and dizziness (4.6%). The prespecified priority survey items, including respiratory depression, drug dependence, and drug withdrawal syndrome, occurred in 2 (both nonserious), 3 (all serious), and 9 (all serious) patients, respectively. In 418 patients from the efficacy population, the response rate was 77.3%, the rate of achievement of the therapeutic goal was 64.5%, and the visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain severity decreased by 22.3 (26.9) mm.ConclusionOur results identified a reasonable risk–benefit profile for the management of moderate‐to‐severe chronic noncancer pain in patients previously treated with opioids under long‐term treatment with FP under the RMAP. Respiratory depression, drug dependency, and drug withdrawal were rarely observed even under the RMAP in Japan.