bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Close binary evolution
Authors: Song H. F. , Meynet G. , Maeder A. , Ekström S. , Eggenberger P. , Georgy C. , Qin Y. , Fragos T. , Soerensen M. , Barblan F. , Wade G. A. 
Published: September 2017

Context. Massive stars with solar metallicity lose important amounts of rotational angular momentum through their winds. When a magnetic field is present at the surface of a star, efficient angular momentum losses can still be achieved even when the mass-loss rate is very modest, at lower metallicities, or for lower-initial-mass stars. In a close binary system, the effect of wind magnetic braking also interacts with the influence of tides, resulting in a complex evolution of rotation.
Aims. We study the interactions between the process of wind magnetic braking and tides in close binary systems.
Methods. We discuss the evolution of a 10 M⊙ star in a close binary system with a 7 M⊙ companion using the Geneva stellar evolution code. The initial orbital period is 1.2 days. The 10 M⊙ star has a surface magnetic field of 1 kG. Various initial rotations are considered. We use two different approaches for the internal angular momentum transport. In one of them, angular momentum is transported by shear and meridional currents. In the other, a strong internal magnetic field imposes nearly perfect solid-body rotation. The evolution of the primary is computed until the first mass-transfer episode occurs. The cases of different values for the magnetic fields and for various orbital periods and mass ratios are briefly discussed.
Results. We show that, independently of the initial rotation rate of the primary and the efficiency of the internal angular momentum transport, the surface rotation of the primary will converge, in a time that is short with respect to the main-sequence lifetime, towards a slowly evolving velocity that is different from the synchronization velocity. This “equilibrium angular velocity” is always inferior to the angular orbital velocity. In a given close binary system at this equilibrium stage, the difference between the spin and the orbital angular velocities becomes larger when the mass losses and/or the surface magnetic field increase. The treatment of the internal angular momentum transport has a strong impact on the evolutionary tracks in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram as well as on the changes of the surface abundances resulting from rotational mixing. Our modelling suggests that the presence of an undetected close companion might explain rapidly rotating stars with strong surface magnetic fields, having ages well above the magnetic braking timescale. Our models predict that the rotation of most stars of this type increases as a function of time, except for a first initial phase in spin-down systems. The measure of their surface abundances, together, when possible, with their mass-luminosity ratio, provide interesting constraints on the transport efficiencies of angular momentum and chemical species.
Conclusions. Close binaries, when studied at phases predating any mass transfer, are key objects to probe the physics of rotation and magnetic fields in stars.
Properties of six short-period massive binaries: A study of the effects of binarity on surface chemical abundances
Authors: Martins F. , Mahy L. , Hervé A. 
Published: September 2017

Context.A significant percentage of massive stars are found in multiple systems. The effect of binarity on stellar evolution is poorly constrained. In particular, the role of tides and mass transfer on surface chemical abundances is not constrained observationally.Aims.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of binarity on the stellar properties and surface abundances of massive binaries.Methods.We performed a spectroscopic analysis of six Galactic massive binaries. We obtained the spectra of individual components via a spectral disentangling method and subsequently analyzed these spectra by means of atmosphere models. The stellar parameters and CNO surface abundances were determined.Results.Most of these six systems are comprised of main-sequence stars. Three systems are detached, two are in contact, and no information is available for the sixth system. For 11 out of the 12 stars studied, the surface abundances are only mildly affected by stellar evolution and mixing. The surface abundances are not different from those of single stars within the uncertainties. The secondary of XZ Cep is strongly chemically enriched. Considering previous determinations of surface abundances in massive binary systems suggests that the effect of tides on chemical mixing is limited, whereas the mass transfer and removal of outer layers of the mass donor leads to the appearance of chemically processed material at the surface, although this is not systematic. The evolutionary masses of the components of our six systems are on average 16.5% higher than the dynamical masses. Some systems seem to have reached synchronization, while others may still be in a transitory phase.
Massenanfall von Verletzten – Besonderheiten von „bedrohlichen Lagen“
Authors: Hossfeld Björn , Wurmb Thomas , Josse Florent , Helm Matthias 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungTerroristische Anschläge oder Amokläufe können Notärzte, Rettungsdienste, Feuerwehren und Katastrophenschutz in „bedrohliche Lagen“ bringen. Die Zusammenarbeit mit der Polizei ist dabei von herausragender Bedeutung. Um die Gefährdung für Hilfskräfte und Betroffene so gering wie möglich zu halten, richtet sich die notfallmedizinische Versorgung nach einsatztaktischen Grundsätzen. Als oberste Strategie bei solchen „bedrohlichen Lagen“ gilt: „Stopp the bleeding and clear the scene“. Die Polizei unterscheidet drei Gefährdungsbereiche: unsicher, teilsicher und sicher. Die Versorgung in diesen Bereichen folgt dem Konzept des Tactical Combat Casualty Care. Während im unsicheren Bereich ausschließlich Polizei eingesetzt werden sollte, kann nach entsprechenden Absprachen der Rettungsdienst im teilsicheren Bereich agieren. Sicherheit wird unter Umständen erst in Notaufnahmen erreicht, die durch verschiedene Maßnahmen zu sicheren Bereichen gemacht werden sollen.
Actin and microtubule networks contribute differently to cell response for small and large strains
Authors: Kubitschke H , Schnauss J , Nnetu K D , Warmt E , Stange R , Kaes J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Cytoskeletal filaments provide cells with mechanical stability and organization. The main key players are actin filaments and microtubules governing a cell’s response to mechanical stimuli. We investigated the specific influences of these crucial components by deforming MCF-7 epithelial cells at small (≤5% deformation) and large strains (>5% deformation). To understand specific contributions of actin filaments and microtubules, we systematically studied cellular responses after treatment with cytoskeleton influencing drugs. Quantification with the microfluidic optical stretcher allowed capturing the relative deformation and relaxation of cells under different conditions. We separated distinctive deformational and relaxational contributions to cell mechanics for actin and microtubule networks for two orders of magnitude of drug dosages. Disrupting actin filaments via latrunculin A, for instance, revealed a strain-independent softening. Stabilizing these filaments by treatment with jasplakinolide yielded cell softening for small strains but showed no significant change at large strains. In contrast, cells treated with nocodazole to disrupt microtubules displayed a softening at large strains but remained unchanged at small strains. Stabilizing microtubules within the cells via paclitaxel revealed no significant changes for deformations at small strains, but concentration-dependent impact at large strains. This suggests that for suspended cells, the actin cortex is probed at small strains, while at larger strains; the whole cell is probed with a significant contribution from the microtubules.
A multi-group firefly algorithm for numerical optimization
Authors: Tong Nan , Fu Qiang , Zhong Caiming , Wang Pengjun 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
To solve the problem of premature convergence of firefly algorithm (FA), this paper analyzes the evolution mechanism of the algorithm, and proposes an improved Firefly algorithm based on modified evolution model and multi-group learning mechanism (IMGFA). A Firefly colony is divided into several subgroups with different model parameters. Within each subgroup, the optimal firefly is responsible for leading the others fireflies to implement the early global evolution, and establish the information mutual system among the fireflies. And then, each firefly achieves local search by following the brighter firefly in its neighbors. At the same time, learning mechanism among the best fireflies in various subgroups to exchange information can help the population to obtain global optimization goals more effectively. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Female ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice are protected from the development of age-dependent cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alibhai Faisal J , Reitz Cristine J , Peppler Willem T , Basu Poulami , Sheppard Paul , Choleris Elena , Bakovic Marica , Martino Tami A 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Aims
Circadian rhythms are important for healthy cardiovascular physiology and they are regulated by the molecular circadian mechanism. Previously, we showed that disruption of the circadian mechanism factor CLOCK in male ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice led to development of age-dependent cardiomyopathy. Here, we investigate the role of biological sex in protecting against heart disease in aging female ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice.

Methods and results
Female ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice are protected from the development of cardiomyopathy with age, as heart structure and function are similar to 18 months of age vs. female WT mice. We show that female ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice maintain normal glucose tolerance as compared with female WT. Tissue metabolic profiling revealed that aging female ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice maintain normal cardiac glucose uptake, whereas the male ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice have increased cardiac glucose uptake consistent with pathological remodelling. Shotgun lipidomics revealed differences in phospholipids that were sex and genotype specific, including cardiolipin CL76:11 that was increased and CL72:8 that was decreased in male ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice. Additionally, female ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice show increased activation of AKT signalling and preserved cytochrome c oxidase activity compared with male ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice, which can help to explain why they are protected from heart disease. To determine how this protection occurs in females even with the Clock mutation, we examined the effects of ovarian hormones. We show that ovarian hormones protect female ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice from heart disease as ovariectomized female ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice develop cardiac dilation, glucose intolerance and reduced cardiac cytochrome c oxidase; this phenotype is consistent with the age-dependent decline observed in male ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that ovarian hormones protect female ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice from the development of age-dependent cardiomyopathy even though Clock function is disturbed. Understanding the interaction of biological sex and the circadian mechanism in cardiac growth, renewal and remodelling opens new doors for understanding and treating heart disease.
Does the Thermal Damage Estimate Correlate With the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicted Ablation Size After Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy?
Authors: Patel Nitesh V , Frenchu Kiersten , Danish Shabbar F 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Magnetic resonance guided laser induced thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive method to treat a wide range of intracranial pathologies. The Arrhenius model is used to generate a thermal damage estimate (TDE) predicting ablation extent.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluation and correlation of the TDE to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-estimated ablation extent in human cases.

METHODS
The Medtronic Visualase system (Medtronic Inc, Dublin, Ireland) was utilized. Postablation axial T1-contrast enhanced images were acquired and intraoperative TDE image was obtained from the Visualase console. OsiriX DICOM Viewer (Pixmeo Inc, Bernex, Switzerland) was utilized to calculate cross-sectional area on MRI. ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland) was utilized for TDE area. Two blinded raters performed all measures. Statistical testing included Pearson correlation and the Student's t-test.

RESULTS
Twenty-two cases including tumor and epilepsy were evaluated. Average MRI predicted tumor ablation area was 4.72 ± 2.22 cm2 and average predicted epilepsy ablation area was 4.12 ± 1.89 cm2. Average tumor TDE was 4.02 ± 1.95 cm2 and average epilepsy TDE was 4.36 ± 2.21 cm2. Rater 1’s ablation areas and TDEs correlated with r = 0.89 (P < .0001) and no significant difference (P > .5). Rater 2’s ablation areas and TDEs correlated with r = 0.91 (P < .0001) and no significant difference (P > .7). Rater 1 vs Rater 2 showed a strong correlation for TDE (r = 0.98, P < .000001) and ablation area (r = 0.96, P < .0001) and no significant difference (P > .5).

CONCLUSION
The TDE is an accurate and reliable measure of ablated area in LITT in human cases as assessed on postoperative MRI. Future studies should be larger and assess reliability of the TDE when multiple lasers and planes are used.
The Global Distribution of Economic Activity: Nature, History, and the Role of Trade1
Authors: Henderson J Vernon , Squires Tim , Storeygard Adam , Weil David 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We explore the role of natural characteristics in determining the worldwide spatial distribution of economic activity, as proxied by lights at night, observed across 240,000 grid cells. A parsimonious set of 24 physical geography attributes explains 47% of worldwide variation and 35% of within-country variation in lights. We divide geographic characteristics into two groups, those primarily important for agriculture and those primarily important for trade, and confront a puzzle. In examining within-country variation in lights, among countries that developed early, agricultural variables incrementally explain over 6 times as much variation in lights as do trade variables, while among late developing countries the ratio is only about 1.5, even though the latter group is far more dependent on agriculture. Correspondingly, the marginal effects of agricultural variables as a group on lights are larger in absolute value, and those for trade smaller, for early developers than for late developers. We show that this apparent puzzle is explained by persistence and the differential timing of technological shocks in the two sets of countries. For early developers, structural transformation due to rising agricultural productivity began when transport costs were still high, so cities were localized in agricultural regions. When transport costs fell, these agglomerations persisted. In late-developing countries, transport costs fell before structural transformation. To exploit urban scale economies, manufacturing agglomerated in relatively few, often coastal, locations. Consistent with this explanation, countries that developed earlier are more spatially equal in their distribution of education and economic activity than late developers.
Small-Particle Hyaluronic Acid Gel Treatment of Photoaged Hands
Authors: Wilkerson Eric C. , Goldberg David J. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND
Aging hands tend to lose subcutaneous volume resulting in prominence of the underlying vessels, tendons, and bone contributing to an aged appearance. Dermal fillers have been successfully used to improve the appearance of the aging dorsal hand.

OBJECTIVE
The objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a small-particle hyaluronic acid (SPHA) injectable gel for the treatment of photoaged volume loss of the hands.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is an open-label, prospective, randomized, interventional, study. Twenty-five healthy female volunteer subjects aged 40 to 70 years with photoaged thinning of the hands received an injection of an SPHA gel to the dorsal aspect of 1 hand. Subjects were followed up for 6 months. The hands were evaluated at regular intervals according to a 5-point validated hand grading scale.

RESULTS
The average hand grading scores demonstrated statistically significant improvement at all time points compared with baseline. Eighty-eight percent to 100% of subjects achieved improvement at 1 month after treatment, and 50% to 83% maintained at least 1 point improvement at 6 months. There were no adverse events reported.

CONCLUSION
The investigated SPHA is a safe and effective method for improving the thinned and photoaged appearance of the hands.
Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation for Unilateral and Bilateral Varicose Veins
Authors: Jeon Sook Young , Joh Jin Hyun , Park Ho-Chul 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND
Approximately 20% of varicose vein are bilateral. Patients prefer a simultaneous bilateral procedure instead of 2 separate unilateral procedures. There is currently little evidence comparing bilateral and unilateral varicose vein surgeries.

OBJECTIVE
To report the clinical outcomes of unilateral and bilateral radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for varicose veins.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors retrospectively collected data on clinical outcomes of patients who underwent RFA. They investigated clinical, etiologic, anatomic, and pathophysiologic (CEAP) score, venous clinical severity score (VCSS), and quality of life (QoL) score.

RESULTS
Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 546 limbs in 385 patients. Women comprised 60.4% of the patients. The mean age was 52.3 ± 11.6 years (range, 19–84). The occlusion rate after 2 years was 94.5%. Clinical outcomes of CEAP score, VCSS, and QoL scores improved significantly from 2.15 ± 0.45, 2.70 ± 2.04, and 6.91 ± 6.69 at baseline to 2.10 ± 0.32, 0.63 ± 0.04, and 3.38 ± 4.74 at the study end, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative differences in CEAP score for unilateral and bilateral RFA were 0.02 ± 0.21 and 0.13 ± 0.49, respectively (p = .073). Those of VCSS for unilateral and bilateral RFA were 1.87 ± 1.50 and 4.01 ± 2.93, respectively (p < .001).

CONCLUSION
Good clinical outcomes were shown after RFA with respect to CEAP, VCSS, and QoL scores. The simultaneous bilateral RFA can be performed with effectiveness.
Streptococcus pyogenes Bacteremia in Adults in the 21st Century
Authors: Hupp Jacob A. , Kallstrom George , Myers Joseph P. 
Published: September 2017

Background

Streptococcus pyogenes causes pharyngitis, tonsillitis, cellulitis, and less frequently other clinical syndromes. It is infrequently included in the differential diagnosis of other infectious illnesses.

Methods
We reviewed the medical records of all adult patients (16 years of age and older) with S. pyogenes bacteremia admitted to our institution during the 10 years from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2016. We report the epidemiology, source of infection, comorbid conditions, treatment, and mortality for these patients.

Results
There were 68 cases of S. pyogenes bacteremia during the study period. There were 27 episodes in men (39.7%) and 41 episodes in women (60.3%). The patients' ages ranged from 17 to 91 years with a mean of 58.1 years and a median of 59.5 years. Skin and soft tissue infections with or without necrotizing fasciitis were the most common presentation followed by primary bacteremia, pneumonia, septic bursitis/arthritis, obstetric/gynecologic, and head/neck infections. All strains of S. pyogenes tested during the study period maintained sensitivity to penicillin G. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbid condition. Seven of 68 patients died for a mortality rate of 10.3%.

Conclusions
Bacteremic S. pyogenes infections continue to be a significant clinical problem years into the 21st century. Resident physicians, hospitalists, intensivists, and surgeons should be keenly aware of this information and understand the potential consequences of unrecognized, rapidly progressive group A streptococcal infection. Emergent surgical intervention remains essential to the survival of many of these patients.
Long-term rifaximin therapy as a primary prevention of hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: Ibrahim El-Sayed , Alsebaey Ayman , Zaghla Hassan , Moawad Abdelmageed Sabry , Gameel Khalid , Abdelsameea Eman 
Published: September 2017

Background
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a severe complication of liver cirrhosis, with poor survival. Rifaximin is a gut-selective broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of rifaximin as a primary prevention of HRS.

Patients and methods
Eighty patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites were enrolled. They were randomized into two groups: control (n=40) and rifaximin group (n=40). Baseline liver function tests, renal function tests, complete blood count, international normalized ratio, urine analysis, and abdominal ultrasonography were carried out. Rifaximin 550 mg was administered twice daily for 12 weeks. Renal functions were measured every 4 weeks with monitoring of HRS occurrence and possible precipitating factor.

Results
Both groups were matched for age, sex, virology, serum bilirubin, serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets, international normalized ratio, potassium, and Child–Pugh score. In contrast to the rifaximin group, the control group showed statistically significant serial blood urea nitrogen (18.84±7.17, 19.85±6.10, 21.54±4.79, and 22.96±5.82 mg/dl; P=0.001) and serum creatinine (0.94±0.25, 1.02±0.24, 1.12±0.16, and 1.21±0.17 mg/dl; P=0.001) levels. The overall blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine change was statistically higher in the control group than the rifaximin group (20.8 vs. 18.24 mg/dl and 1.07 vs. 0.99 mg/dl, respectively). HRS developed more in the control group than the rifaximin group [9 (22.5%) vs. 2 (5%); P=0.048]. In both groups, HRS was precipitated by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis mainly and large volume paracentesis. The Child–Pugh score, control group, baseline serum sodium, and creatinine were predictors of HRS.

Conclusion
Rifaximin may be useful as a primary prevention of HRS.
Concomitant Administration of High-dose Methotrexate and Low-dose Aspirin Without Any Delay in Methotrexate Clearance in a Patient With Osteosarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Renzi Samuele , Tsimerman Ekaterina , Taylor Tracey , Hopyan Sevan , Koo Alicia , Gupta Abha 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used agent in the treatment of oncology patients whose clearance depends on renal health maintaining glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Thus concomitant use of other drugs that utilize the same mechanism of clearance are generally avoided as this may contribute to increased MTX-associated toxicity.

Observation:
Herein, we describe the use of low-dose aspirin with high-dose MTX in a patient with osteosarcoma.

Conclusion:
Concomitant aspirin use did not affect the clearance of high-dose MTX and the patient did not experience any MTX-related toxicity including mucositis or renal impairment.