bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life in harsh environments: carabid and spider trait types and functional diversity on a debris‐covered glacier and along its foreland
Authors: GOBBI MAURO , BALLARIN FRANCESCO , BRAMBILLA MATTIA , COMPOSTELLA CHIARA , ISAIA MARCO , LOSAPIO GIANALBERTO , MAFFIOLETTI CHIARA , SEPPI ROBERTO , TAMPUCCI DUCCIO , CACCIANIGA MARCO 
Published: September 2017

1. Patterns of species richness and species assemblage composition of ground‐dwelling arthropods in primary successions along glacier forelands are traditionally described using a taxonomic approach. On the other hand, the functional trait approach could ensure a better characterisation of their colonisation strategies in these types of habitat.2. The functional trait approach was applied to investigate patterns of functional diversity and life‐history traits of ground beetles and spiders on an alpine debris‐covered glacier and along its forefield in order to describe their colonisation strategies.3. Ground beetles and spiders were sampled at different successional stages, representing five stages of deglaciation.4. The results show that the studied glacier hosts ground beetle and spider assemblages that are mainly characterised by the following traits: walking colonisers, ground hunters and small‐sized species. These traits are typical of species living in cold, wet, and gravelly habitats. The diversity of functional traits in spiders increased along the succession, and in both carabids and spiders, life‐history traits follow the ‘addition and persistence model’. Accordingly, there is no turnover but there is an addition of new traits and a variation in their proportion within each species assemblage along the succession. The distribution of ground beetles and spiders along the glacier foreland and on the glacier seems to be driven by dispersal ability and foraging strategy.5. The proposed functional approach improves knowledge of the adaptive strategies of ground‐dwelling arthropods colonising glacier surfaces and recently deglaciated terrains, which represent landforms quickly changing due to global warming.
Patterns of parasitism in monarch butterflies during the breeding season in eastern North America
Authors: FLOCKHART D. T. TYLER , DABYDEEN ANJULI , SATTERFIELD DARA A. , HOBSON KEITH A. , WASSENAAR LEONARD I. , NORRIS D. RYAN 
Published: September 2017

1. Migratory behaviour can result in reduced prevalence of pathogens in host populations. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this relationship: (i) ‘migratory escape’, where migrants benefit from escaping pathogen accumulation in contaminated environments; and (ii) ‘migratory culling’, where the selective removal of infected individuals occurs during migration.2. In the host–parasite system between the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus Linn.) and its obligate protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE), there is evidence to support both hypotheses, particularly during the monarchs' autumn migration. However, these processes can operate simultaneously and could vary throughout the monarchs' annual migratory cycle. Assessing the relative strength for each hypothesis has not previously been done.3. To evaluate both hypotheses, parasite infection prevalence was examined in monarchs sampled in eastern North America during April–September, and stable isotopes (δ2H, δ13C) were used to estimate natal origin and infer migration distance. There was stronger support for the migratory escape hypothesis, wherein infection prevalence increased over the breeding season and was higher at southern latitudes, where the breeding season tends to be longer compared with northern latitudes. Little support was found for the migratory culling hypothesis, as infection prevalence was similar whether monarchs travelled shorter or longer distances.4. These results suggest that migration allows individuals to escape parasites not only during the autumn, as shown in previous work, but during the monarchs' spring and summer movements when they recolonise the breeding range. These results imply a potential fitness advantage to monarchs that migrate further north to exploit parasite‐free habitats.
Genetic diversity of the myrtle rust pathogen (Austropuccinia psidii) in the Americas and Hawaii: Global implications for invasive threat assessments
Authors: Stewart J. E. , Ross‐Davis A. L. , Graҫa R. N. , Alfenas A. C. , Peever T. L. , Hanna J. W. , Uchida J. Y. , Hauff R. D. , Kadooka C. Y. , Kim M.‐S. , Cannon P. G. , Namba S. , Simeto S. , Pérez C. A. , Rayamajhi M. B. , Lodge D. J. , Arguedas M. , Medel‐Ortiz R. , López‐Ramirez M. A. , Tennant P. , Glen M. , Machado P. S. , McTaggart A. R. , Carnegie A. J. , Klopfenstein N. B. 
Published: September 2017

SummarySince the myrtle rust pathogen (Austropuccinia psidii) was first reported (as Puccinia psidii) in Brazil on guava (Psidium guajava) in 1884, it has been found infecting diverse myrtaceous species. Because A. psidii has recently spread rapidly worldwide with an extensive host range, genetic and genotypic diversities were evaluated within and among A. psidii populations in its putative native range and other areas of myrtle rust emergence in the Americas and Hawaii. Microsatellite markers revealed several unique multilocus genotypes (MLGs), which grouped isolates into nine distinct genetic clusters [C1–C9 comprising C1: from diverse hosts from Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and USA‐Hawaii, and USA‐California; C2: from eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) in Brazil/Uruguay and rose apple (Syzygium jambos) in Brazil; C3: from eucalypts in Brazil; C4: from diverse hosts in USA‐Florida; C5: from Java plum (Syzygium cumini) in Brazil; C6: from guava and Brazilian guava (Psidium guineense) in Brazil; C7: from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) in Brazil; C8: from allspice (Pimenta dioica) in Jamaica and sweet flower (Myrrhinium atropurpureum) in Uruguay; C9: from jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) in Brazil]. The C1 cluster, which included a single MLG infecting diverse host in many geographic regions, and the closely related C4 cluster are considered as a “Pandemic biotype,” associated with myrtle rust emergence in Central America, the Caribbean, USA‐Florida, USA‐Hawaii, Australia, China‐Hainan, New Caledonia, Indonesia and Colombia. Based on 19 bioclimatic variables and documented occurrences of A. psidii contrasted with reduced sets of specific genetic clusters (subnetworks, considered as biotypes), maximum entropy bioclimatic modelling was used to predict geographic locations with suitable climate for A. psidii which are at risk from invasion. The genetic diversity of A. psidii throughout the Americas and Hawaii demonstrates the importance of recognizing biotypes when assessing the invasive threats posed by A. psidii around the globe.
Rapid reduction in BCR‐ABL1 transcript predicts deep molecular response in dasatinib‐treated chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Murai Kazunori , Yamaguchi Kohei , Ito Shigeki , Miyagishima Takuto , Shindo Motohiro , Wakasa Kentaro , Inomata Mitsue , Nagashima Takahiro , Kondo Takeshi , Fujimoto Nozomu , Yamamoto Satoshi , Yonezumi Masakatsu , Oyake Tatsuo , Kowata Shugo , Tsukushi Yasuhiko , Mine Takahiro , Meguro Kuniaki , Ikeda Kazuhiko , Watanabe Reiko , Saito Souichi , Sato Shinji , Tajima Katsushi , Chou Takaaki , Kubo Kohmei , Oba Koji , Sakamoto Junichi , Ishida Yoji ,   The Inter‐Michinoku Dasatinib Study Group (IMIDAS)
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe conducted a phase‐II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasatinib in patients newly diagnosed with chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML‐CP) in Japan (IMIDAS PART 2 study).MethodsSeventy‐nine patients were administered 100 mg dasatinib once daily. We examined pretreatment and post‐treatment influences of various factors. The BCR‐ABL1 international scale (IS), halving time (HT) and reduction rate of BCR‐ABL1 transcript within the initial 1 or 3 months of therapy (RR‐BCR‐ABL11m,3m) were the post‐treatment factors investigated to predict the molecular response.ResultsThe estimated major molecular response (MMR), molecular response 4.0 (MR4.0) and molecular response 4.5 (MR4.5) rates were 77.2%, 49.4% and 35.4%, respectively, at 12 months. Grade 3/4 non‐haematologic adverse events were infrequent. Multivariate analysis showed that age >65 years was significantly correlated with MR4.0 and MR4.5 (deep molecular response: DMR) at 12 months. All post‐treatment factors at 3 months predicted DMR by univariate analysis. However, RR‐BCR‐ABL13m was the only significant landmark for predicting DMR by multivariate analysis.ConclusionsPrimary treatment of CML‐CP with dasatinib enabled early achievement of MMR and DMR, particularly in elderly patients, with high safety. Furthermore, RR‐BCR‐ABL13m was found to be a more useful predictor of DMR than HT‐BCR‐ABL1 and BCR‐ABL1 IS.
Characterization of social cognition impairment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Neuhaus M. , Bagutti S. , Yaldizli Ö. , Zwahlen D. , Schaub S. , Frey B. , Fischer‐Barnicol B. , Burgunder J.‐M. , Martory M.‐D. , Pöttgen J. , Annoni J.‐M. , Penner I.‐K. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with deficits in social cognition. However, little is known about which domains of social cognition are predominantly affected and what other factors are associated with it. The aim was (i) to characterize social cognition deficit in a group of MS outpatients and (ii) to relate impairment in social cognition to overall cognitive status, depression and fatigue.MethodsThirty‐five MS patients (mean disease duration 12.9 years, median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 3 and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were examined using the German version of the Geneva Social Cognition Scale to measure different domains of social cognition. Standard neuropsychological testing was applied to all patients and to 20 HCs. Patient‐reported outcomes included questionnaires for fatigue, depression, anxiety and executive‐behavioural disturbances.ResultsThe mean social cognition raw score was lower in the MS patients compared to the HCs (86.5 ± 8.7 vs. 91.2 ± 5.9, P = 0.005; d = 0.6) and did not correlate with EDSS or disease duration. The difference was driven by facial affect recognition and the understanding of complex social situations (14% and 23% of patients respectively under the cut‐off). The impairment in these two tasks did not correlate with general cognitive performance or depression but with fatigue.ConclusionsThe impairment in our group was restricted to high order and affective social cognition tasks and independent of general cognitive performance, EDSS, disease duration and depression. Fatigue correlated with social cognition performance, which might be due to common underlying neuronal networks.
Identifying psychogenic seizures through comorbidities and medication history
Authors: Kerr Wesley T. , Janio Emily A. , Braesch Chelsea T. , Le Justine M. , Hori Jessica M. , Patel Akash B. , Gallardo Norma L. , Bauirjan Janar , D'Ambrosio Shannon R. , Chau Andrea M. , Hwang Eric S. , Davis Emily C. , Buchard Albert , Torres‐Barba David , Al Banna Mona , Barritt Sarah E. , Cho Andrew Y. , Engel Jerome , Cohen Mark S. , Stern John M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryObjectiveLow‐cost evidence‐based tools are needed to facilitate the early identification of patients with possible psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Prior to accurate diagnosis, patients with PNES do not receive interventions that address the cause of their seizures and therefore incur high medical costs and disability due to an uncontrolled seizure disorder. Both seizures and comorbidities may contribute to this high cost.MethodsBased on data from 1,365 adult patients with video‐electroencephalography–confirmed diagnoses from a single center, we used logistic and Poisson regression to compare the total number of comorbidities, number of medications, and presence of specific comorbidities in five mutually exclusive groups of diagnoses: epileptic seizures (ES) only, PNES only, mixed PNES and ES, physiologic nonepileptic seizurelike events, and inconclusive monitoring. To determine the diagnostic utility of comorbid diagnoses and medication history to differentiate PNES only from ES only, we used multivariate logistic regression, controlling for sex and age, trained using a retrospective database and validated using a prospective database.ResultsOur model differentiated PNES only from ES only with a prospective accuracy of 78% (95% confidence interval =72–84%) and area under the curve of 79%. With a few exceptions, the number of comorbidities and medications was more predictive than a specific comorbidity. Comorbidities associated with PNES were asthma, chronic pain, and migraines (p < 0.01). Comorbidities associated with ES were diabetes mellitus and nonmetastatic neoplasm (p < 0.01). The population‐level analysis suggested that patients with mixed PNES and ES may be a population distinct from patients with either condition alone.SignificanceAn accurate patient‐reported medical history and medication history can be useful when screening for possible PNES. Our prospectively validated and objective score may assist in the interpretation of the medication and medical history in the context of the seizure description and history.
Social function of a variable lateral stripe in Xiphophorus hellerii?
Authors: Hardy Elizabeth J. , Bumm Lloyd A. , Schlupp Ingo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn a single population of a livebearing fish, the green swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii), a trait considered a static badge of status in males of other populations, the color of a stripe covering the lateral line, has been found to be dynamic relative to their social environment, potentially rendering this signal meaningless. Males change the color expression of their lateral stripe dynamically based on social environment. We investigated if males (n = 26) respond to visual and chemical information about other males with a color change and aggressive behavior. We found that visual information is indeed causing color change, whereas chemical information is less effective. Aggressive responses and frequency of response did not change significantly with the mode of communication. We also studied female preferences for color, but found no significant preference (n = 32). Our results lead to questions as to how interpopulation variation can affect preferences and how dynamic signaling—in this case signal transmission presumably dependent on sex and/or status—influences the behavioral interactions we might expect between X. hellerii in the field.
Theory, practice, and conservation in the age of genomics: The Galápagos giant tortoise as a case study
Authors: Gaughran Stephen J. , Quinzin Maud C. , Miller Joshua M. , Garrick Ryan C. , Edwards Danielle L. , Russello Michael A. , Poulakakis Nikos , Ciofi Claudio , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Caccone Adalgisa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHigh‐throughput DNA sequencing allows efficient discovery of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nonmodel species. Population genetic theory predicts that this large number of independent markers should provide detailed insights into population structure, even when only a few individuals are sampled. Still, sampling design can have a strong impact on such inferences. Here, we use simulations and empirical SNP data to investigate the impacts of sampling design on estimating genetic differentiation among populations that represent three species of Galápagos giant tortoises (Chelonoidis spp.). Though microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses have supported the distinctiveness of these species, a recent study called into question how well these markers matched with data from genomic SNPs, thereby questioning decades of studies in nonmodel organisms. Using >20,000 genomewide SNPs from 30 individuals from three Galápagos giant tortoise species, we find distinct structure that matches the relationships described by the traditional genetic markers. Furthermore, we confirm that accurate estimates of genetic differentiation in highly structured natural populations can be obtained using thousands of SNPs and 2–5 individuals, or hundreds of SNPs and 10 individuals, but only if the units of analysis are delineated in a way that is consistent with evolutionary history. We show that the lack of structure in the recent SNP‐based study was likely due to unnatural grouping of individuals and erroneous genotype filtering. Our study demonstrates that genomic data enable patterns of genetic differentiation among populations to be elucidated even with few samples per population, and underscores the importance of sampling design. These results have specific implications for studies of population structure in endangered species and subsequent management decisions.
Proceeding report of the Symposium on Hidradenitis Suppurativa Advances (SHSA)
Authors: Mehdizadeh Ali , Alavi Afsaneh , Alhusayen Raed , Bauer Boris , Bechara Falk G. , Bourcier Marc , Brassard Alain , Djamei Vahid , Dutz Jan , George Ralph , Ghias Mondana , Gooderham Melinda , Hamzavi Iltefat , Hoffman Lauren K. , Hou Angela , Hu Howard , Kimball Alexa B. , Kirchhof Mark , Kryzskaya Darya , Liy Wong Maria del Carmen , Lowes Michelle A. , Lynde Charles W. , McLellen Chelsea , Prens Errol , Prens lisette , Rogalska Tetyana , Sibbald Ronald Gary , Sisic Mia , Tan Marcus G. , Wong Dennis D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic debilitating skin condition that impairs the productivity and the quality of patients` lives. HS has recently drawn lots of attention among scholars to further expand their knowledge but it still loads with uncertainties and gaps to be explored. This publication addresses these uncertainties, and provides a road‐map for researchers, scholars and clinicians from different disciplines for their future studies about HS. This is a proceeding report of the first Symposium on Hidradenitis Suppurativa Advances (SHSA), and it reviews the scientific sessions about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentations, and management of HS. This symposium was a great opportunity for experts in the HS field to exchange their knowledge, and improve their mutual understanding of this disease.
Translating local benthic community structure to national biogenic reef habitat types
Authors: Cresswell Anna K. , Edgar Graham J. , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Thomson Russell J. , Barrett Neville S. , Johnson Craig R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimMarine reef habitats are typically defined subjectively. We provide a continental‐scale assessment of dominant reef habitats through analysis of macroalgae and sessile animal taxa at sites distributed around Australia. Relationships between reef habitats and environmental and anthropogenic factors are assessed, and potential changes in the future distribution and persistence of habitats are considered.LocationShallow rocky and coral reefs around the Australian coast.MethodsCover of 38 sessile biota functional groups was recorded in diver‐based surveys using quadrats at 1,299 sites. Classification analyses based on the functional groups were used to identify an unambiguous set of ‘biogenic habitat types’. Random forest and distance‐based linear modelling were used to investigate correlations between these habitats and environmental and anthropogenic variables.ResultsCluster analyses revealed tropical and temperate ‘realms’ in benthic substratum composition, each with finer‐scale habitats: four for the temperate realm (canopy algae, barren, epiphytic algae–understorey and turf) and five for the tropical realm (coral, coral–bacterial mat, turf–coral, calcified algae–coral and foliose algae). Habitats were correlated with different sets of environmental and anthropogenic conditions, with key associations in the temperate realm between mean sea temperature and canopy‐forming algae (negative) and barren habitat (positive). Variation in sea temperature was also an important correlate in the tropical realm.Main conclusionsQuantitative delineation of inshore reef habitats at a continental scale identifies many of the same habitat types traditionally recognized through subjective methods. Importantly, many biogenic reef habitats were closely related to environmental parameters and anthropogenic variables that are predicted to change. Consequently, habitats have differing likelihood of persistence. Structurally complex habitats in the temperate realm are at greater risk than more ‘two‐dimensional’ habitats (e.g., canopy‐forming versus turfing algae). In the tropical realm, offshore and coastal habitats differed greatly, highlighting the importance of large‐scale oceanic conditions in shaping biogenic structure.
Impact and experiences of delayed discharge: A mixed‐studies systematic review
Authors: Rojas‐García Antonio , Turner Simon , Pizzo Elena , Hudson Emma , Thomas James , Raine Rosalind 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of delayed discharge on patients, health‐care staff and hospital costs has been incompletely characterized.AimTo systematically review experiences of delay from the perspectives of patients, health professionals and hospitals, and its impact on patients’ outcomes and costs.MethodsFour of the main biomedical databases were searched for the period 2000‐2016 (February). Quantitative, qualitative and health economic studies conducted in OECD countries were included.ResultsThirty‐seven papers reporting data on 35 studies were identified: 10 quantitative, 8 qualitative and 19 exploring costs. Seven of ten quantitative studies were at moderate/low methodological quality; 6 qualitative studies were deemed reliable; and the 19 studies on costs were of moderate quality. Delayed discharge was associated with mortality, infections, depression, reductions in patients’ mobility and their daily activities. The qualitative studies highlighted the pressure to reduce discharge delays on staff stress and interprofessional relationships, with implications for patient care and well‐being. Extra bed‐days could account for up to 30.7% of total costs and cause cancellations of elective operations, treatment delay and repercussions for subsequent services, especially for elderly patients.ConclusionsThe poor quality of the majority of the research means that implications for practice should be cautiously made. However, the results suggest that the adverse effects of delayed discharge are both direct (through increased opportunities for patients to acquire avoidable ill health) and indirect, secondary to the pressures placed on staff. These findings provide impetus to take a more holistic perspective to addressing delayed discharge.