bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications of Emergency vs Elective Cesarean Section: Cross-sectional Study done at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Javaid Kiran , Sultana Abida , Faisal Muneeba , Iqbal Rahim , Khalid Mohammad Bin , Khalid Mohammad A 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To assess the indications of emergency vs elective cesarean section in patients at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi.

Materials and methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 675 women who underwent cesarean section in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan over a period of 2 months. Sociodemographic features, type of cesarean, and their indications were recorded on a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.

Results
A total of 675 women underwent cesarean section during the study period. The emergency cesarean section rate was 70.4%, while elective cesarean constituted of 29.6% cases. The most common indications for emergency cesarean were fetal distress (43.2%) followed by previous cesarean (19.2%) and failure to progress (9.3%), while that for elective cesarean were previous cesarean (41%) and malpresentation (24.5%).

Conclusion
Fetal distress and previous scar are the leading causes of cesarean section in our study. The improvement of maternal and child health facilities at basic health units, appropriate training of lady health workers and midwives, timely involvement of senior obstetrician, and formation of strict policies regarding cesarean section can have a profound effect in decreasing the rate of cesarean section.

Clinical significance
This study can prove to be of profound value in getting an insight into the continuously increasing rate of cesarean section. In developing countries like Pakistan, these increasing cesarean deliveries prove to be a burden on the already-constrained resources.

How to cite this article
Sultana A, Faisal M, Iqbal R, Javaid K, Khalid MB, Khalid MA. Indications of Emergency vs Elective Cesarean Section: Cross-sectional Study done at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(1):14-17.
A Comparative Study of Manual vs Instrumental Intracesarean Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
Authors: Kaur Parneet , Kaur Khushpreet , Singh Beant , Mohi Manjit K , Chakheni N 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Aims and objectives
The main objective of the study was to compare the two different methods of intracesarean insertion of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD), i.e., manual vs instrumental, and to study the effectiveness, safety, and continuation rate of intracesarean PPIUCD as a contraceptive method.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 subjects undergoing lower (uterine) segment cesarean section (LSCS) were enrolled for the study. In group I (n = 50), Cu-T 380A was inserted manually and in group II (n = 50), Cu-T 380A was inserted with a PPIUCD forceps. After checking for the inclusion and exclusion criteria and proper counseling, written consent was obtained and subjects were enrolled for the study. All the subjects were followed up for 3 months either clinically or telephonically. All the complaints, side effects, complications, and findings of both the groups were compared and analyzed.

Results
The continuation rate after the period of follow-up was 94% in group I and 92% in group II. There was only one case (2%) of expulsion in group II. A total of 3 (6%) subjects in group I and 3 (6%) of the subjects in group II got PPIUCD removed for various reasons. There was no case of infection, perforation, or contraceptive failure.

Conclusion
Intracesarean PPIUCD is an effective method of postpartum contraception and both the methods (manual and instrumental) are equally effective with minimum side effects and complications and good acceptability by the clients.

How to cite this article
Chakheni N, Kaur P, Kaur K, Singh B, Mohi MK. A Comparative Study of Manual vs Instrumental Intracesarean Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(1):25-28.
Successful Outcome of Spontaneously Conceived Heterotopic Pregnancy masquerading Ovarian Torsion
Authors: Kumar Sunesh , Roy Kallol K , Bharti Juhi , Vatsa Richa , Meena Jyoti , Zangmo Rinchen 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To sensitize clinicians regarding possibility of heterotopic pregnancy even in spontaneous conceptions.

Background
Though heterotopic pregnancy is a rare condition, its incidence is rising, which varies from one in 8,000 to 30,000, more in assisted reproductive technique conceptions. It is being commonly misdiagnosed. Here, we present a case of heterotopic pregnancy after spontaneous conception, diagnosis of which was confused with ovarian torsion.

Case Report
A 31-year-old second gravid para one with one living issue at 12 week 6 day period of gestation presented to emergency with acute-onset pain in right lower abdomen for 3 days. On examination, an ovarian tumor with ascitis with probable torsion was suspected along with intrauterine pregnancy. These findings were further supported by similar ultrasound picture. Patient was taken up for laparotomy. Intraoperative finding was suggestive of heterotopic pregnancy with ruptured left tubal ectopic pregnancy. Left salpingectomy was done with minimal uterine manipulation. Histopathology showed blood clots, hyalinized villi, and acute inflammatory cell infiltrate suggestive of ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasonography (USG) done in the postoperative period showed viable intrauterine pregnancy. The patient is currently following with us and is in her second trimester of pregnancy.

Conclusion
Heterotopic pregnancy is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge; a high index of suspicion is required. It is important for clinicians to see adnexal in detail even if intrauterine pregnancy has been seen clearly during USG, especially in high-risk cases.

Clinical significance
Heterotopic pregnancies can occur even in the absence of high-risk factors. In patients with intrauterine pregnancy, who present with adnexal mass with free fluid in abdomen, clinicians should keep their mind open for possible diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis and surgical management will decrease maternal morbidity and increase chances of survival of intrauterine pregnancy.

How to cite this article
Vatsa R, Meena J, Kumar S, Zangmo R, Bharti J, Roy KK. Successful Outcome of Spontaneously Conceived Heterotopic Pregnancy masquerading Ovarian Torsion. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(1):60-62.
HoloGondel: in situ cloud observations on a cable car in the Swiss Alps using a holographic imager
Authors: Beck Alexander , Henneberger Jan , Schöpfer Sarah , Fugal Jacob , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In situ observations of cloud properties in complex alpine terrain where research aircraft cannot sample are commonly conducted at mountain-top research stations and limited to single-point measurements. The HoloGondel platform overcomes this limitation by using a cable car to obtain vertical profiles of the microphysical and meteorological cloud parameters. The main component of the HoloGondel platform is the HOLographic Imager for Microscopic Objects (HOLIMO 3G), which uses digital in-line holography to image cloud particles. Based on two-dimensional images the microphysical cloud parameters for the size range from small cloud particles to large precipitation particles are obtained for the liquid and ice phase. The low traveling velocity of a cable car on the order of 10 m s−1 allows measurements with high spatial resolution; however, at the same time it leads to an unstable air speed towards the HoloGondel platform. Holographic cloud imagers, which have a sample volume that is independent of the air speed, are therefore well suited for measurements on a cable car. Example measurements of the vertical profiles observed in a liquid cloud and a mixed-phase cloud at the Eggishorn in the Swiss Alps in the winters 2015 and 2016 are presented. The HoloGondel platform reliably observes cloud droplets larger than 6.5 µm, partitions between cloud droplets and ice crystals for a size larger than 25 µm and obtains a statistically significantly size distribution for every 5 m in vertical ascent.
Extreme flood impact on estuarine and coastal biogeochemistry: the 2013 Elbe flood
Authors: Voynova Yoana G. , Brix Holger , Petersen Wilhelm , Weigelt-Krenz Sieglinde , Scharfe Mirco 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Within the context of the predicted and observed increase in droughts and floods with climate change, large summer floods are likely to become more frequent. These extreme events can alter typical biogeochemical patterns in coastal systems. The extreme Elbe River flood in June 2013 not only caused major damages in several European countries but also generated large-scale biogeochemical changes in the Elbe estuary and the adjacent German Bight. The high-frequency monitoring network within the Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA) captured the flood influence on the German Bight. Data from a FerryBox station in the Elbe estuary (Cuxhaven) and from a FerryBox platform aboard the M/V Funny Girl ferry (traveling between Büsum and Helgoland) documented the salinity changes in the German Bight, which persisted for about 2 months after the peak discharge. The Elbe flood generated a large influx of nutrients and dissolved and particulate organic carbon on the coast. These conditions subsequently led to the onset of a phytoplankton bloom, observed by dissolved oxygen supersaturation, and higher than usual pH in surface coastal waters. The prolonged stratification also led to widespread bottom water dissolved oxygen depletion, unusual for the southeastern German Bight in the summer.
Evaluación de las fortalezas y debilidades del proceso educativo en centros de infantil, primaria y secundaria desde una perspectiva inclusiva
Authors: Escarbajal Frutos Andrés , Arnaiz Sánchez Pilar , Giménez Gualdo Ana 
Published: February 2017

Este artículo presenta el estudio llevado a cabo en cinco centros educativos (cuatro de educación infantil y primaria y uno de educación secundaria) con el objetivo de evaluar, desde la perspectiva del profesorado de educación infantil, primaria y secundaria, las fortalezas y debilidades del proceso educativo para establecer propuestas de mejora educativa. El diseño de investigación utilizado fue cuantitativo no experimental de corte descriptivo incluyendo como variables influyentes en el proceso educativo la planificación y organización de la enseñanza, implicación activa del alumnado e interacción entre los alumnos, entre otras. Para la recogida de la información se utilizó el instrumento “Autoevaluación de Centros para la Atención a la Diversidad desde la Inclusión” (ACADI) en su dimensión C referida al Proceso Educativo, cumplimentado por 97 docentes de centros públicos de la Región de Murcia. Los resultados muestran que las principales fortalezas que encuentra el profesorado en su quehacer educativo son las referidas al respeto a los estilos de aprendizaje, planificación y organización de la enseñanza, implicación activa del alumnado en su propio aprendizaje, evaluación tolerante, organización de la acción tutorial, interacción entre los alumnos, y relaciones centro-contexto social. En cambio la atención a los ritmos de aprendizaje y a las características del alumnado son las que reciben las puntuaciones más bajas en todos los centros. Al comparar los resultados de los centros de infantil y primaria con el de secundaria, los docentes de infantil y primaria discrepan de forma significativa con los profesores de secundaria en la organización de la acción tutorial, mientras que en otros aspectos como diversidad metodológica, apoyo colaborativo, conocimiento de los objetivos y contenidos del curriculum por parte del alumnado, las discrepancias no son tan significativas.
Factores de éxito de las comunidades virtuales universitarias basadas en redes sociales. Análisis de XarFED
Authors: Pérez Garcias Adolfina , Tur Ferrer Gemma , Negre Bennàssar Francisca , Lizana Alexandra 
Published: February 2017

El presente artículo analiza los factores de éxito de una pionera comunidad virtual universitaria basada en redes sociales, XarFED, que une en un solo espacio a profesores, alumnos y ex-alumnos de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB). Este nuevo espacio pretende ser el encuentro entre los entornos formales, no formales e informales de aprendizaje de los participantes. La revisión teórica, además de centrarse en el análisis de los factores que la investigación hasta la fecha ha observado como elementos clave para el éxito de las comunidades virtuales, aporta una nueva visión a partir de otros aspectos analizados en el contexto de las redes sociales. La recogida de datos se lleva a cabo a través de un cuestionario, diseñado a partir de un modelo de factores críticos de éxito. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una incipiente actividad participativa y colaborativa así como las percepciones positivas por parte de los usuarios. Las conclusiones plantean reflexiones para la práctica e interesantes líneas de investigación basadas en las potencialidades de las redes sociales para la creación de comunidades virtuales, así como la necesidad de responder a las demandas generadas por los nuevos entornos abiertos de aprendizaje.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: John Albert 
Published: February 2017

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 1 Abdul Rouf DarAhmet Ozan GezermanAmirsalar KhandanAna SilvaAyodele Temidayo OdularuBhargava KarumudiBinod P PandeyChanchal Kumar MalikFes Sun FabiyiJignasu P. MehtaKallen Mulilo NalyanyaKhaldun Mohammad Al AzzamLaila A. AbouzeidMohamed AbassMustafa Oguzhan KayaNanda Gunawardhana-Associate EditorNejib Hussein MekniPrathapan SreedharanR. K. DeyRabia RehmanRodrigo Vieira RodriguesShyamal Kumar ChattopadhyaySitaram AcharyaSujan Kumar SarkarVijay RamalingamZhixia Liu Albert JohnOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of ChemistryCanadian Center of Science and Education
Internationalization of Higher Education: Converging or Diverging Trends?
Authors: Egron-Polak Eva 
Published: February 2017

Offering a glimpse at the results of the most recent global survey on internationalization of higher education conducted by the International Association of Universities (IAU), the article focuses on a few findings that show the growing importance of internationalization policies/strategies for higher education institutions worldwide as well as the strong role played by institutional leadership. A discussion of the perceived risks for institutions and for society serves to demonstrate some converging trends while also pointing out the persistent differences and variations between HEIs in different geographic regions of the world. Some analysis of the responses to questions about funding of internationalization is used to highlight the complexity of the picture drawn by the findings of this 4th Global Survey.
Internationalization of Japanese Universities: Learning from the CAMPUS Asia Experience
Authors: Horie Miki 
Published: February 2017

This article focuses on the policy development and program implementation of CAMPUS Asia, a policy jointly initiated by the governments of Japan, China, and Korea. It illustrates that internationalization efforts bring opportunities for university practitioners to apply non-traditional types of teaching and learning in Japan, such as experiential, active, and collaborative learning models. The program implementation is a learning process for students as well as teaching and administrating staff. The ‘East Asia Leaders’ program identifies the following indicators for the further development and implementation of meaningful multicultural joint programs: (1) the quality in teaching and coordinating staff in terms of pedagogical understandings, (2) the development of outcome measurement schemes for intercultural learning in the East Asian context, and (3) the examination of differences in pre-knowledge and social/personal expectations of students.
Private Twilight: Wither Private Universities in Kenya
Authors: Munene Ishmael I. 
Published: February 2017

It is a trying time for private universities in Kenya. Declining market share and attendant financial woes are ominous signs for the once vibrant sector. The article identifies the blurring of institutional distinctiveness, government policy promoting public growth and public sector resurgence through the privatization as factors precipitating the private decline.
Integrating Institutional Policies and Leadership for 21st Century Internationalization
Authors: Hudzik John K 
Published: February 2017

As internationalization becomes more strategic and comprehensive, institutional support has to migrate from individualistic and idiosyncratic motivations that engage the few to more institutionalized and integrated forms of encouragement to engage the many. Based on experience and recent case studies, this article identifies four key integrated institutional strategies needed to support wider and deeper internationalization.
Coordinated German Internationalization: Broadening Perspectives
Authors: Streitwieser Bernhard , Olson Jennifer , Burkhart Simone , Klabunde Niels 
Published: February 2017

This discussion addresses the changing policy landscape of German higher education, including a shift from development aid to a focus on competition and highly skilled migration; changes in student mobility patterns; and goals and priorities at the federal, state, and institutional levels that have supported internationalization efforts. The discussion concludes with a brief look at anticipated financial and thematic challenges.
High-stakes Entrance Examinations: A View from Brazil
Authors: Schwartzman Simon , Knobel Marcelo 
Published: February 2017

In Brazil, the growing dominance of the national exam for secondary education as a massive, unified entrance exam for higher education has several detrimental consequences. Besides effectively shaping the high school curriculum, with clear disadvantages for those who will not attend college, it restricts the diversity and regional characteristics of the higher education sector. Similar criticisms apply to other countries that use national entrance exams. Some suggestions for possible changes are given.
International Doctoral and Master’s Students: What the Data Tell Us
Authors: Marconi Gabriele 
Published: February 2017

International experience is seen as an asset for researchers and top service professionals, and students are well aware of it: within the OECD, 11% of master’s students and 25% of doctoral students are international. International students at these levels tend to choose countries investing substantial resources on R&D in tertiary educational institutions. This offers these countries an opportunity to attract future workers with advanced training, particularly in science and technology: in Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United States more than half of those enrolled in a doctoral program in science, engineering or agriculture are international students.”
Managing Markets and Massification of Higher Education in India
Authors: Varghese N. V. 
Published: February 2017

The market friendly reforms of the 1990s encouraged proliferation of private higher education institutions and massification of the sector. Massification is accompanied by persisting inequalities, declining quality and poses challenges to effectively manage the system. This paper argues for a more regulated growth of private higher education and targeted public investments in favour of disadvantaged groups and deprived regions.
Brexit and the European Shape of Things to Come
Authors: Hunter Fiona , De Wit Hans 
Published: February 2017

Brexit has happened and it will have far-reaching consequences both for UK universities and the further development of the European Higher Education Area. In a relatively short period of 15 years, European integration has gone from a forward-looking process of integration to an increasingly more complex and challenging endeavour of dealing with diversity in its various manifestations. In the grips of an economic and political crisis, and with a massive refugee emergency unfolding along the European borders, the integration process is falling apart. The spirit of cooperation has diminished as European institutions have not been able to present credible solutions to the problems faced. Anti-European Union sentiment is spreading among its member states, with Brexit its most manifest outcome so far. Higher education has appeared to be immune to these trends with the Bologna Process, the research program Horizon 2020 and the education program ERASMUS+ as clear manifestations of increased co-operation and funding. However, Brexit has it made clear that European Higher Education, despite its commitment to regional co-operation, cannot escape the changing reality around it. Greater intentionality and integration of internationalisation into institutional mission can enable UK universities to demonstrate the value and impact of an international community of students and scholars, firstly to themselves and secondly to the Government in the upcoming negotiations.
Analyzing the Culture of Corruption in Indian Higher Education
Authors: Tierney William G. , Sabharwal Nidhi S. 
Published: February 2017

Academic corruption occurs in all institutions and all countries. It is, however, an area of research that is often difficult to study. The intent here is to understand what systemic corruption is and how it is done in India. The authors find a broken culture which enable corrupt practices to occur throughout the system.
What Happens to Graduates? Contrasting Views of Two Systems
Authors: Adelman Clifford 
Published: February 2017

Two surveys of college graduates in large higher education systems, the U.S. and Europe, are presented in terms of their purposes, structural differences, thematic variations, and divergences. The U.S. system has been operating since 1993; the European Graduate Survey is, at present, only a design, completed in 2016. Both are necessary for system accountability and student guidance.
The emblem tradition in Shakespeare’s plays: mirror-effects and anamorphoses
Authors: Chardin Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT: An emblem is a witty combination of various texts and one image which delivers a moral message. The emblem is an art of the gaze, the purpose of which is to lead the eye to the transcendent ideas lying behind the veil of worldly appearances. Shakespeare was obviously sensitive to the visual potential of emblems. This paper aims to show that Shakespeare drew upon the modus operandi of emblems but rejected the emblem as a fixed ideological discourse. Shakespeare used the emblem in an anamorphic way to confront the spectator with the shifting world he lives in. KEYWORDS: emblems; theater; Shakespeare. RESUMEN: Un emblema es una ingeniosa combinación de varios textos y una imagen que esconden un mensaje moral. El emblema es un arte de la mirada cuyo propósito es conducir el ojo a las ideas trascendentes que se encuentran detrás del velo de las apariencias mundanas. Shakespeare era obviamente sensible al potencial visual de los emblemas. Este trabajo pretende mostrar que Shakespeare se basó en el modus operandi de los emblemas, pero rechazó el emblema como un discurso ideológico fijo. Shakespeare utilizó el emblema de manera anamórfica para confrontar al espectador con el mundo cambiante en el que vive. PALABRAS CLAVES: emblemas; teatro; Shakespeare.