bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gauls in the Roman Senate: A Rhetorical Analysis of Claudius’ Speech Preserved on the Tabula Lugdunensis
Authors: de Jonge Casper 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Tabula Lugdunensis, unearthed at Lyon in 1528, preserves part of a speech that emperor Claudius delivered to the Senate in 48 CE, to argue in favour of admitting the elites of north-western Gaul to the Roman senate. This article presents a rhetorical analysis of the speech. Modern readers have labelled the style of the speech ‘bombastic’ and ‘pedantic’, while criticising its many historical examples. An examination of the speech in terms of inventio, dispositio and elocutio, however, demonstrates that Claudius carefully constructs the ethos of an erudite and open-minded authority. Two moments of rhetorical persuasion can be distinguished: first, the Senate meeting in Rome itself and, second, the publication of the bronze inscription at the Sanctuary of the Three Gauls at Lugdunum. Not much deliberative rhetoric was perhaps needed to persuade the senators to agree with their emperor; the display of the inscription, on the other hand, could be interpreted as a form of epideictic rhetoric, which may have given a significant boost to the self-confidence of Roman citizens in Gaul. While some senators in Rome may have disliked the lengthy historical exempla in the oral speech, visitors to the sanctuary in Lugdunum may have appreciated seeing Gaul included in the long history of Rome.
Reichenauiensis. Ein verlorener Reichenauer Codex und seine Bedeutung für die Textkonstitution der Chronik Prospers, der Chronik Cassiodors, der Continuatio Reichenauiensis und des Laterculus Vandalorum mitsamt einer Neuedition der Fasti Augustani
Authors: Fröhlich Niklas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
At the end of antiquity and the onset of the Middle Ages the genre of chronicles flourished as a lively and non-central practice of continuing, compiling and combining chronographic material. Any given manuscript could thus become its own “work” containing a singular combination of different texts, often reworked, or linked in some manner to form a unified whole. One of those “chains of chronicles” (Ian Wood) is preserved in two different forms by Paris BN Lat. 4860 and Augsburg, SuStb 2° 223, both of which Theodor Mommsen assumed to be copies of a lost Reichenau codex (“Reichenauiensis”) described in the catalogue of Reginbert of Reichenau between 835 and 842 AD. More recent research has instead tried to interpret the later Augsburg copy as a descriptus of the Paris manuscript, which would have (and in some cases has already had) some consequences for the textual criticism of many works also, only, or primarily attested by this chronographic compilation. By analyzing and comparing the individual ways in which each manuscript reflects the same common tradition (or diverts from it), this paper demonstrates that, indeed, Mommsen’s analysis is correct: Both manuscripts attest to a single lost archetype, Mommsen’s “Reichenauiensis”. The reaffirmation of this position along with a more profound understanding of the ways the texts were obviously reworked especially by the Carolingian compiler(s) of the Paris manuscript sheds new light on some discussions of the chronicle of Prosper and especially its so-called “Reichenau continuation”, the chronicle of Cassiodorus, the Laterculus Vandalorum, and the often misunderstood so-called “Fasti Augustani”, the first complete edition of which is presented as an appendix. The paper also serves as a case study of the many ways late antique chronographic texts were used, continued, (re‐)combined and appropriated in late antiquity by medieval or early modern scholars and, finally, modern critical editors.
Chalcedonian Bishops in the ‘Pagan Affair’ of 580
Authors: Roggo Silvio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper offers an analysis of the dynamics at play in an under-studied episode of religious violence in Late Antiquity, the so-called ‘pagan affair’ which took place in 580 during the reign of Tiberios. It provides a novel explanation for why the Chalcedonian patriarchs Gregory of Antioch and Eutychios of Constantinople were targeted as pagans or sympathisers of pagans during the riots which erupted after the discovery of pagan circles among the Roman elite. The position of both of them was challenged: Eutychios held controversial theological views; moreover, he had previously been deposed and replaced by John Scholastikos, and many clerics considered his return to the episcopal throne uncanonical. Gregory was confronted with a similar difficulty, since his predecessor Anastasios had been sent into exile, but still had many supporters. In addition, both patriarchs were persecutors of the anti-Chalcedonians, who were therefore interested in slandering their persecutors in order to avenge themselves. The paper argues that charges in the form of anti-pagan polemic, such as those brought forth against the two patriarchs, were a useful weapon to deploy against political or religious opponents. It also sets the pagan affair in the context of Tiberios’ religious policy and analyses the strategies the emperor used to end the riots. Finally, it establishes a connection between the affair and an instance of pagan persecution which was triggered some years later, at the beginning of the reign of Maurice, by the successor of Eutychios, patriarch John the Faster.
Exclamation, intensity, and emotive assertion
Authors: Trotzke Andreas , Giannakidou Anastasia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel analysis of exclamations as assertions equivalent to particular uses of declarative sentences with emotive verbs. Focusing on wh-exclamatives and declarative exclamations, we offer a wide range of arguments for why they are both assertive. We further argue that like emotive verbs, exclamations convey a presupposition not of factivity but of subjective veridicality anchored to the speaker, and assert the emotion (of surprise, amazement, or a negative emotion). Our analysis proposes a syntax-semantics for exclamations without a speech act operator, and exclamativity surfaces as an attitude rather than a speech act. This seems to be well motivated by the Greek, German as well as English facts we examine in the paper. Illocutionary operator approaches cannot capture the facts discussed here, and they also fail to determine precisely what the exclamative force might be.
Review perspective on advanced nutrachemicals and anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation
Authors: Haojie Dai , Mukherjee Sohini , Bhattacharya Tanima 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are prevalent among athletes, necessitating surgical intervention followed by comprehensive rehabilitation. Recently, the integration of nutraceuticals – bioactive compounds from food sources – into rehabilitation protocols has shown promise in enhancing recovery outcomes. This review explores the potential benefits of various nutraceuticals, including omega-3 fatty acids, collagen supplements, vitamin D, glucosamine and chondroitin, curcumin, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), in ACL rehabilitation. These nutraceuticals offer anti-inflammatory properties, support tissue repair, and improve joint and muscle health, which are critical during the rehabilitation process. Despite encouraging preclinical findings, there is a need for robust clinical trials to confirm their efficacy and establish optimal dosages and formulations. Personalized nutrition plans and interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers are essential for optimizing patient care. This perspective underscores the potential of advanced nutraceuticals to revolutionize ACL rehabilitation, paving the way for faster and more effective recovery pathways.
Macro-FSH is a rare cause of inappropriately high FSH concentrations
Authors: Mantovani Beatrice , Indirli Rita , Lanzi Valeria , Petria Iulia , Arosio Maura , Mantovani Giovanna , Somigliana Edgardo , Vidali Matteo , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Ferrante Emanuele 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Assessment of hormone concentrations can be subjected to laboratory pitfalls. Macro-hormones are hormone–autoantibody complexes which are cleared slowly from circulation and cause a false elevation in hormones’ concentrations. Macro-prolactin and macro-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are most frequently encountered while macro-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has been rarely reported. We describe the case of a 30-year-old woman who had a gynaecological consultation due to failure in achieving pregnancy after 8 months of unprotected intercourse. She had regular menses, did not complain of climacteric symptoms and her medical history was unremarkable. Antral follicle count and anti-mullerian hormone concentrations were normal, and regular ovulation was documented. Unexpectedly, high early follicular phase FSH concentrations were confirmed on two occasions (57 and 51 IU/L), raising the suspicion of primary ovarian insufficiency. After excluding Turner’s syndrome and autoimmune oophoritis, a laboratory artifact was hypothesized. Following polyethylene glycol precipitation, FSH levels dropped from 41.1 IU/L to 6.54 IU/L (recovery 16%) and the presence of macro-FSH was concluded. Laboratory interference can lead to misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments. A laboratory artifact should be suspected when inconsistency exists between clinical presentation and laboratory results. Only five other cases of macro-FSH have been reported to date. Although macro-hormones generally have low biological activity and do not require treatment, the role of anti-FSH antibodies has been hypothesized in primary ovarian insufficiency and in vitro fertilization failure.

Learning points

Hormone quantification is a cornerstone in the diagnostic workup of endocrine disorders, but it can be subjected to laboratory interferences which can lead to unnecessary investigations and inappropriate treatments.

A laboratory artifact should be suspected when a discrepancy is observed between clinical presentation and laboratory results, when extremely unusual analyte concentrations are observed and when inconsistent results are obtained by different analytical methods.

Macro-hormones are hormone–autoantibody complexes which are cleared slowly from circulation and cause a false elevation in hormone concentrations. Macro-prolactin and macro-TSH are most frequently encountered, while macro-FSH has been rarely reported.

Macro-hormones can be detected by polyethylene glycol precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, or by using protein G or protein A columns.

Although macro-hormones generally have low biological activity and do not require treatment, the role of anti-FSH antibodies has been hypothesized in primary ovarian insufficiency and in vitro fertilization failure.
Medical Team Practices and Interpreter Alterations on Family-Centered Rounds
Authors: Parente Victoria M. , Robles Joanna M. , Lemmon Monica , Pollak Kathryn I. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Robust evidence demonstrates inequities in communication during family-centered rounds for families who use a language other than English (LOE) for health care. This study aimed to characterize the type of interpreter alterations occurring on family-centered rounds and identify medical team communication practices associated with alterations.

METHODS
In this observational study of interpreter-supported family-centered rounds, we recorded and transcribed family-centered rounds encounters for Spanish-speaking families. We assessed measures of medical team communication behaviors and interpreter alterations (omissions, additions, and substitutions) using previously described instruments. We used a content analysis approach to apply defined codes to each interpreted segment and to characterize the nature of interpreter alterations. We assessed the association between medical team communication behaviors and interpreter alterations using χ2 tests.

RESULTS
We recorded, transcribed, and coded 529 interpreted segments of 10 family-centered rounds encounters. At least 1 alteration was present in 72% (n = 382/529) of interpreted segments. Omissions were the most common alteration (n = 242/529, 46%) followed by substitutions (n = 177/529, 34%) and additions (n = 71/529, 13%). Interpretation resulted in a potentially negative alteration in 29% (n = 155/529) and a positive alteration in 9% (n = 45/529) of segments. Greater number of sentences in the segment preceding interpretation was associated with an increase in loss of information (P &lt; .001), loss of social support (P = .003), and loss of partnership (P = .020).

CONCLUSIONS
To improve communication with families that use an LOE, medical teams must abide by best practices for using an interpreter such as frequent pausing to prevent loss of both biomedical and psychosocial information.
Neighborhood Disadvantage and Birth Outcomes Among Refugees
Authors: Foverskov Else , White Justin S. , Frøslev Trine , Pedersen Lars , Sørensen Henrik T. , Hamad Rita 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and birth outcomes among refugee women in Denmark, leveraging a natural experiment.

METHODS
This register-based study included 15 118 infants born to women who arrived in Denmark as refugees during 1986 to 1998, when a dispersal policy was in place that quasirandomly assigned newcomers to neighborhoods with varying degrees of socioeconomic disadvantage. Neighborhood disadvantage was measured using a composite index representing neighborhood-level income, education, unemployment, and welfare assistance. These data were linked to individual-level birth register data. Outcomes included low birth weight, preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age infants. Associations between neighborhood disadvantage at resettlement and birth outcomes up to 20 years after resettlement were examined using multivariable regressions adjusting for characteristics of the women at resettlement.

RESULTS
Each SD of increase in neighborhood disadvantage was associated with an 18% increase in low birth weight risk (0.61 percentage points [pp], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19–1.02), 15% increase in preterm birth risk (0.64 pp, 95% CI: 0.22–1.07), and 7% increase in small-for-gestational-age risk (0.78 pp, 95% CI: 0.01–1.54) 5 years after resettlement. Results did not differ after adjusting for urbanicity and conational density, but associations were attenuated after adjusting for municipality-level fixed effects, suggesting that local government characteristics may partially explain the associations.

CONCLUSIONS
Resettling in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with higher risk of adverse birth outcomes among refugee women. This highlights how policy decisions affecting settlement of refugees can have long-term consequences, including on the health of the next generation.
Antioxidant potential of olive leaf (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) sustainable extracts evaluated <i>in vitro</i> and minced beef meat
Authors: Iftikhar Ayesha , Dupas-Farrugia Coralie , De Leonardis Antonella , Macciola Vincenzo , Moiz Abdul , Martin Doriane 
Published: October 2024

In this work, by using water steam only, two antioxidant extracts were obtained from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.), a by-product of olive oil chain. Olive leaf extracts (OLEs) were tested as such (water extract: WE) and partially purified with ethyl acetate (ethyl acetate [EA] extract). Total phenols were 7.4 mg/mL and 3.8 mg/mL in WE and EA final solutions, respectively, evidencing a different composition by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Both extracts were evaluated in vitro in comparison to pure hydroxytyrosol (Hy). A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) EC50 of 57.6, 76.5, and 39.7 µg/mL and a ferric reducing antioxidant power EC50 of 84.8, 69.9, 41.2 µg/mL were determined for WE, EA, and Hy solution, respectively. The Rancimat induction time determined at 120°C in a lard sample with 200-ppm total phenol equivalent addition of WE, EA, and Hy was 8.92 h, 12.74 h, and 7.27 h, respectively (vs. 2.24 h for lard only). Extracts were added at the same dose (200 ppm) to minced beef patties that were put in closed containers under controlled air headspace composition (NA, natural air; HOA, modified air with 80% O2; and 20% N2) and stored at 4°C up to 10 days. Extracts showed significant effectiveness in contrasting decrease of O2 level in containers as well as pH and color changes of patties. A significant increase (expressed as mg of malondialdehyde MDA/kg; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) assay was conducted in control samples at an interval of 0–10 days (from 0.52 to 0.78 mg of MDA/kg in NA samples; and from 0.55 to 1.31 mg of MDA/kg in HOA samples), while minimal changes were observed in treated samples. These findings suggest a potential use of OLEs for maintaining quality and oxidative stability of beef patties during storage.
Cost of epilepsy in the Russian Federation
Authors: Romanov A. S. , Sharakhova E. F. , Shova N. I. , Mikhailov V. A. 
Published: October 2024

Background. Epilepsy underdiagnosis in Russia, population aging, innovative drugs and expensive treatment regimens, the introduction of additional and alternative methods such as neurosurgery, annually increase the cost for treatment of epilepsy patients. In this regard, an issue of maximizing benefits for the largest number of the population becomes relevant. Pharmacoeconomical research within the assessment of healthcare technologies helps to choose the most economically and medically effective treatment strategy among numerous alternatives.Objective: analysis of epilepsy-associated costs in the Russian Federation, aimed at supporting decision-making processes in the field of health policy and financing.Material and methods. The empirical study was based on collecting the data on a continuous sampling of 384 epilepsy outpatient records from subjects aged 19 to 79 years for the period 2019–2022. The issues related to all costs of epilepsy were discussed. While planning, conducting and analyzing these studies, the principles of strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) were taken into account.Results. The total annual per-patient expenditure on epilepsy treatment comprised a fifth of gross domestic product per capita. Indirect costs exceed direct cost savings. It was found out that the economic damage caused to society, family, and individual related to epilepsy is three times higher than the direct costs.Conclusion. The results obtained are consistent with other publications in which unemployment among epilepsy patients is one of the major cost-determining factors and illustrates a critical need to maintain employment for such patients or to find suitable alternative work through professional retraining.
Special Collegium Activities on Certain Categories of Cases (1934–1938)
Authors: Shkarevsky D. N. 
Published: October 2024

Special collegiums operated in 1934–1938 as part of the Supreme Court of the USSR, the supreme courts of the Union republics, regional and regional courts, and the main courts of the autonomous republics. Their creation can be considered as an experiment in transferring cases of state crimes from non-curial to judicial authorities. The special collegiums activities were provided by the NKVD, special departments of the prosecutor’s office and the sector of special courts of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the USSR. Their personnel consisted of former NKVD officers and nominees of local justice authorities. All this makes it possible to characterize them as bodies of special justice. The most notable cases considered by special collegiums were cases of anti-Soviet agitation (Article 58–10 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), cases under the decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated August 07, 1932 («The Law on Three Spikelets») and cases of banditry (Article 59-3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). All of them were considered within the framework of the campaign justice model. It was characterized by an expansion and narrowing of the interpretation of the norms of substantive law. This allowed ordinary crimes and administrative offenses to be considered as state crimes. The penalties were regulated. This led to unstable judicial practice. The methods of «simplification», i.e., deviations from the norms of substantive and procedural law, were actively used. Obviously, by the middle of 1938, the experiment of depriving non-judicial bodies of judicial functions was considered unsuccessful and the special collegiums were liquidated.
Antagonismo de Fungos Filamentosos Sobre o Fungo Fitopatogênico Alternaria sp.
Authors: Teodoro Ari Emerson Xavier , Moura Júlia Karoline Ferreira , Lima Maria Gabriela Gomes de , Viana Milena Campos de Oliveira Alencar , Barretto Marcos Carbral de Vasconcellos , Marino Regina Helena 
Published: October 2024

A busca por formas alternativas de controle de fitopatógenos ao controle químico vem crescendo, com o intuito de reduzir o consumo de pesticidas e a contaminação ambiental. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar, identificar e avaliar o potencial de fungos das sementes e/ou das plântulas de alface no desenvolvimento in vitro do isolado ALT23 do fungo Alternaria sp. As cultivares de alface utilizadas foram: ‘Brava’, ‘Hanson’ e ‘Itapuã’. A ação antifúngica dos isolados fúngicos obtidos foi avaliada pelo método de confronto duplo em meio de cultura Batata-Dextrose-Ágar (BDA) durante cinco dias. Os fungos obtidos foram: BRF1 – Aspergillus niger, HSF1 – Aspergillus sp. e IF1 – Trichoderma sp. A porcentagem de inibição do crescimento do diâmetro micelial, da velocidade de crescimento e do número de esporos do fungo fitopatogênico variou de 30 a 54,9%, de 48,9 a 93,2% e de 88,3 a 100%, respectivamente. O aumento do período de cultivo dos isolados BRF1, HSF1 e IF1 favoreceu a inibição do crescimento do fungo ALT23. A avaliação do potencial antifúngica de fungos isolados das sementes de alface deve ser realizada a partir do 2º dia de cultivo, conforme o isolado. Todos os isolados fúngicos testados apresentam potencial antagônico in vitro contra o isolado do fungo ALT23 de Alternaria sp.
Palavras-chave: Aspergillus. Trichoderma. Controle Biológico.

Abstract
The search for alternative forms of phytopathogen control to chemical control has been growing, with the aim of reducing pesticide consumption and environmental contamination. In this respect, the objective of this work was to isolate, identify and evaluate the potential of fungi from lettuce seeds and/or seedlings in the in vitro development of the ALT23 isolate of the fungus Alternaria sp. The lettuce cultivars used were: 'Brava', 'Hanson' and 'Itapuã'. The antifungal action of the fungal isolates obtained was evaluated by the double confrontation method in potato-dextrose-agar culture medium for five days. The fungi obtained were: BRF1 - Aspergillus niger, HSF1 - Aspergillus sp. and IF1 - Trichoderma sp. The percentage of inhibition of growth in mycelial diameter, growth rate and number of spores of the phytopathogenic fungus ranged from 30 to 54.9%, 48.9 to 93.2% and 88.3 to 100%, respectively. Increasing the cultivation period of isolates BRF1, HSF1 and IF1 favored the inhibition of ALT23 growth. The antifungal potential of fungi isolated from lettuce seeds should be assessed from the 2nd day of cultivation, depending on the isolate. All the fungal isolates tested showed antagonistic potential in vitro against Alternaria sp. isolate ALT23.
Keywords: Aspergillus. Trichoderma. Biological Control.