bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing medical student knowledge and attitudes about shared decision making across the curriculum: protocol for an international online survey and stakeholder analysis
Authors: Durand Marie-Anne , Yen Renata , Barr Paul J , Cochran Nan , Aarts Johanna , Légaré France , Reed Malcolm , James O’Malley A , Scalia Peter , Guérard Geneviève Painchaud , Elwyn Glyn 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionShared decision making (SDM) is a goal of modern medicine; however, it is not currently embedded in routine care. Barriers include cliniciansâ€™ attitudes, lack of knowledge and training and time constraints. Our goal is to support the development and delivery of a robust SDM curriculum in medical education. Our objective is to assess undergraduate medical studentsâ€™ knowledge of and attitudes towards SDM in four countries.Methods and analysisThe first phase of the study involves a web-based cross-sectional survey of undergraduate medical students from all years in selected schools across the United States (US), Canada and undergraduate and graduate students in the Netherlands. In the United Kingdom (UK), the survey will be circulated to all medical schools through the UK Medical School Council. We will sample students equally in all years of training and assess attitudes towards SDM, knowledge of SDM and participation in related training. Medical students of ages 18 years and older in the four countries will be eligible. The second phase of the study will involve semistructured interviews with a subset of students from phase 1 and a convenience sample of medical school curriculum experts or stakeholders. Data will be analysed using multivariable analysis in phase 1 and thematic content analysis in phase 2. Method, data source and investigator triangulation will be performed. Online survey data will be reported according to the Checklist for Reporting the Results of Internet E-Surveys. We will use the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research for all qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved for dissemination in the US, the Netherlands, Canada and the UK. The study is voluntary with an informed consent process. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will help inform the inclusion of SDM-specific curriculum in medical education worldwide.
How can we ensure that the coroner’s autopsy is not an invasion of human rights?
Authors: Leadbeatter Stephen , James Ryk 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDespite public inquiries, and some changes to legislation following high-profile multiple homicides that were not detected by autopsy, coroners continue to rely largely on the autopsy. Regardless of the extent of quality failings and excess deaths at some hospitals, not detected through the coroner system, the autopsy is scarcely used by hospitals to monitor standards and educate.ObjectiveTo explore when a compulsory medicolegal autopsy should, and should not, be used.MethodTwo hundred and thirty-six cases referred to a senior coroner were evaluated by pathologists with long experience of forensic, coronial and hospital autopsies, using detailed antecedent medical and circumstantial information: after their advice, the senior coroner decided what kind of autopsy provided sufficient information for his purposes.ResultsIn nearly 40% (n=88) of deaths where the senior coroner accepted jurisdiction, issues raised could be resolved through analysis of medical records and antecedent information, supplemented only by detailed external examination of the body.ConclusionsTimely provision of sufficient information allows informed decisions about the requirement for, and nature and extent of, medical investigations into a death: unnecessary post mortem dissection is avoided, protecting the rights, under Articles 8 and 9 of the Human Rights Act 1998, of the bereaved to privacy, family life and religious practice. Although improvements in healthcare can undoubtedly result from detailed coroners’ inquiries, those deaths where the matters investigated relate only to the accuracy of a natural cause of death or sit with a healthcare provider’s internal quality assurance, should be investigated by the healthcare system in collaboration with the bereaved.
NF1+/− Hematopoietic Cells Accelerate Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Development without Altering Chemotherapy Response
Authors: Dodd Rebecca D. , Lee Chang-Lung , Overton Tess , Huang Wesley , Eward William C. , Luo Lixia , Ma Yan , Ingram Davis R. , Torres Keila E. , Cardona Diana M. , Lazar Alexander J. , Kirsch David G. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Haploinsufficiency in the tumor suppressor NF1 contributes to the pathobiology of neurofibromatosis type 1, but a related role has not been established in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) where NF1 mutations also occur. Patients with NF1-associated MPNST appear to have worse outcomes than patients with sporadic MPNST, but the mechanism underlying this correlation is not understood. To define the impact of stromal genetics on the biology of this malignancy, we developed unique mouse models that reflect the genetics of patient-associated MPNST. Specifically, we used adenovirus-Cre injections to generate MPNST in Nf1Flox/Flox; Ink4a/ArfFlox/Flox and Nf1Flox/−; Ink4a/ArfFlox/Flox paired littermate mice to model tumors from NF1-wild-type and NF1-associated patients, respectively. In these models, Nf1 haploinsufficiency in hematopoietic cells accelerated tumor onset and increased levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells comprised of CD11b+ cells, monocytes, and mast cells. We observed that mast cells were also enriched in human NF1-associated MPNST. In a coclinical trial to examine how the tumor microenvironment influences the response to multiagent chemotherapy, we found that stromal Nf1 status had no effect. Taken together, our results clarify the role of the NF1-haploinsufficient tumor microenvironment in MPNST. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4486–97. ©2017 AACR.
The Socio-economic Aspects of hijra
Authors: Reda Latife 
Published: June 2017

The paper highlights the socio-economic aspects of the concept ofhijraor migration in the Islamic tradition. The paper argues that the conception of migration in the Islamic tradition has been shaped by not only religious and ethical values, but also social and economic motivations and consequences ever since the first migrations to Abyssinia and Medina. The paper addresses the notion and practice ofhijrain Islamic history by highlighting its ethical and religious value as well as its nature and evolution into a socio-economic activity motivated by different forms of oppression, including social and political oppression as well as economic deprivation. The study draws on the history of Islam and the Islamic society, the sources of Islamic law and doctrines, and the thought of scholars in relation to the changes in approaches to migration, and the conceptualization ofhijraas an activity motivated by oppression and economic hardship.
Surgical Trends in the Treatment of Acute Achilles Ruptures
Authors: Ho Bryant , Soin Sandeep , MacDonald Ashlee , Baumhauer Judith , Ketz John 
Published: June 2017

Category: Sports Introduction/Purpose: Historically, nonoperative treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures was felt to have significant re-rupture rates. With improved functional rehabilitation, recent studies have shown decreased rates of tendon re-rupture. Recent randomized control trials circa 2010 have shown no difference in re-ruptures between early functional rehabilitation and surgical repair. The goal of this study was to evaluate trends in surgical treatment of Achilles ruptures, based on data obtained from the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS), in response to evolving level I evidence. Methods: All operative cases submitted by part II applicants from 2003 to 2015 for primary board certification by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) were retrospectively reviewed. Isolated primary Achilles tendon repairs for acute ruptures were identified by ICD-9 and CPT code. Surgeon information including fellowship training and geographic region, and patient information including age, sex, and complications were collected. Results: Out of 1,118,457 cases, there were 4792 Achilles repairs (0.43%) with 510 complications (10.6%). The rate of Achilles repairs increased from 2006 to 2010, when rates peaked at 0.57% of all collected cases (Figure 1). Since 2010, there has been a decrease in rates back to pre-2006 values. The changing rates appear to be largely driven by non-fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeons. The rates of sports and foot and ankle fellowship trained surgeons had mild increases in 2006 and decreases in 2010, but overall have slightly increased. The rate for patients greater than 65 have decreased from 2002 to 2004. Since then, there have been yearly variations, with minimal overall change. Examination of regional differences demonstrate the greatest change in the Northeast. All regions had increased rates in 2006 and decreased rates in 2010, with the exception of the Northwest and South regions, who showed little overall change. Conclusion: Surgical trends for Achilles ruptures corresponded closely to high impact level 1 publications in the literature in 2005 and 2010, suggesting evidence-based responsiveness in newly trained orthopaedic surgeons. These trends are less pronounced in the Northwest and South regions and for sports and foot and ankle specialists.
Tonic B-cell receptor signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Havranek Ondrej , Xu Jingda , Köhrer Stefan , Wang Zhiqiang , Becker Lisa , Comer Justin M. , Henderson Jared , Ma Wencai , Man Chun Ma John , Westin Jason R. , Ghosh Dipanjan , Shinners Nicholas , Sun Luhong , Yi Allen F. , Karri Anusha R. , Burger Jan A. , Zal Tomasz , Davis R. Eric 
Published: June 2017

Key PointsThe GCB subtype of DLBCL relies exclusively on tonic BCR signaling via CD79A Y188. PTEN protein expression and BCR surface density determine the contribution of tonic BCR signaling to AKT activity in GCB-DLBCL.
Quality of life in children and adolescents with bipolar I depression treated with olanzapine/fluoxetine combination
Authors: Walker Daniel J. , DelBello Melissa P. , Landry John , D’Souza Deborah N. , Detke Holland C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background
We examined the efficacy of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination (OFC) in improving health-related quality of life (QoL) in the treatment of bipolar depression in children and adolescents.

Methods
Patients aged 10–17 years with bipolar I disorder, depressed episode, baseline children’s depression rating scale-revised (CDRS-R) total score ≥40, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score ≤15, and YMRS-item 1 ≤ 2 were randomized to OFC (6/25–12/50 mg/day olanzapine/fluoxetine; n = 170) or placebo (n = 85) for up to 8 weeks of double-blind treatment. Patients and parents completed the revised KINDL questionnaire for measuring health-related QoL in children and adolescents (KINDL-R) at baseline and endpoint. The mean change in CDRS-R total and item scores were used to compare improvement in symptomatology in patients taking OFC and placebo. Tests were 2-sided using a Type I error cutoff of 0.05, and no adjustments for multiple comparisons were made.

Results
Baseline QoL as measured by the KINDL-R was substantially impaired relative to published norms for a healthy school-based sample. OFC-treated patients demonstrated an improvement over placebo at endpoint with respect to mean change from baseline in the patient-rated KINDL-R Self-esteem subscale score (p = 0.028), and in the parent KINDL-R ratings of emotional well-being (p = 0.020), Self-esteem (p = 0.030), and Family (p = 0.006). At endpoint, OFC-treated patients still had a lower QoL compared to the normative population. OFC showed significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) versus placebo on the CDRS-R total score and on 7 of the 17 CDRS-R items.

Conclusions
Patients aged 10–17 years with an acute episode of bipolar depression and their parents reported greater improvements (parents noticed improvements in more areas than did their offspring) on some aspects of QoL when treated with OFC compared with placebo. However, after 8 weeks of treatment, KINDL-R endpoint scores remained lower than those of the, presumably healthy, control population.
Clinical trial registration information A Study for Assessing Treatment of Patients Ages 10–17 with Bipolar Depression; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00844857
Comparison Between Conventional Design and Cathode Gas Recirculation Design of a Direct-Syngas Solid Oxide Fuel Cell–Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems Part I: Design Performance
Authors: Azami Vahid , Yari Mortaza 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, a conventional SOFC–GT hybrid system and a SOFC–GT hybrid system with cathode gas recirculation system fueled with syngas as the main source of energy were analyzed and their performances were compared. In the conventional SOFC–GT hybrid system, the incoming air to the cathode was heated at air recuperator and air preheater to meet the required cathode inlet temperature. In the SOFC–GT hybrid system with cathode gas recirculation, besides air recuperator and air preheater, the recirculation of the cathode exhaust gas was also used to meet the required cathode inlet temperature. The system performances have been analyzed by means of models developed with the computer program Cycle–Tempo. A complete model of the SOFC–GT hybrid system with these two configurations evaluated in terms of energy and exergy efficiencies and their performance characteristics were compared. Simulation results show that the electrical energy and exergy efficiencies achieved in the cathode gas recirculation plant (64.76% and 66.28%, respectively) are significantly higher than those obtained in the conventional plant (54.53% and 55.8%). Article History: Received Feb 23rd 2017; Received in revised form May 26th 2017; Accepted June 1st 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Azami, V, and Yari, M. (2017) Comparison between conventional design and cathode gas recirculation design of a direct-syngas solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine hybrid systems part I: Design performance. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(2), 127-136.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.127-136
Charakterystyka znaczeń wyrażeń tak naprawdę, na pewno i oczywiście
Authors: Niećko-Bukowska Bożena 
Published: June 2017

Omawiane w niniejszym artykule charakterystyki znaczeń wyrażeń „tak naprawdę”, „na pewno” i „oczywiście” opracowane zostały na podstawie badań ankietowych z wykorzystaniem metody skojarzeniowej, przeprowadzonych wśród studentów kierunku filologia na Wydziale Neofilologii UAM. Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie możliwych do wyodrębnienia wymiarów semantycznych dla badanych wyrażeń, prześledzenie funkcji jakie pełnią w potocznym użyciu i przedstawienie sposobów funkcjonowania i rozumienia tego, co „prawdziwe”, „pewne” czy „oczywiste”.
Development of an operation strategy for hydrogen production using solar PV energy based on fluid dynamic aspects
Authors: Amores Ernesto , Rodríguez Jesús , Oviedo José , de Lucas-Consuegra Antonio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlkaline water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources is one of the most promising strategies for environmentally friendly hydrogen production. However, wind and solar energy sources are highly dependent on weather conditions. As a result, power fluctuations affect the electrolyzer and cause several negative effects. Considering these limiting effects which reduce the water electrolysis efficiency, a novel operation strategy is proposed in this study. It is based on pumping the electrolyte according to the current density supplied by a solar PV module, in order to achieve the suitable fluid dynamics conditions in an electrolysis cell. To this aim, a mathematical model including the influence of electrode-membrane distance, temperature and electrolyte flow rate has been developed and used as optimization tool. The obtained results confirm the convenience of the selected strategy, especially when the electrolyzer is powered by renewable energies.
Design of Optical SR Latch and Flip-Flop Using Electro-Optic Effect Inside Lithium–Niobate-Based Mach–Zehnder Interferometers
Authors: Pal Amrindra , Kumar Santosh , Sharma Sandeep 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Set-Reset (SR) latch or flip-flop is bistabile circuit. The circuit maintains a binary state indefinitely until directed by an input signal (clock signal) to switch state. Sequential logic circuits for specific application can be implemented by using SR flip-flop and external gates. In this article, SR latch and SR flip-flop is proposed using electro-optic effect inside lithium–niobate-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). The MZI structures have the powerful capability of switching an optical input signal to a desired output port. The article constitutes a mathematical description of the proposed device and thereafter simulation using MATLAB. The study is verified using beam propagation method (BPM).
Achieving competitive advantage through the integration of disabled architects in architectural design firms in Egypt
Authors: Othman Ayman Ahmed Ezzat , Sorial Marise Hossam Hosny 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The 2030 strategy of sustainable development in Egypt is based on integrated goals, including Human Resource Development. Egypt has ~9,540 disabled architects, who can play an important role in achieving competitive advantage through their integration in Architectural Design Firms (ADFs). By neglecting the benefits of integrating disabled architects, ADFs encounter the risk of losing unique skills and competent personnel. This article investigates the integration of disabled architects in ADFs as an approach for achieving competitive advantage. To achieve this aim, a research methodology consisting of literature review, case studies, and survey questionnaire has been adopted, and it is designed to achieve five objectives. First, literature review is used to investigate the concepts of disabilities and competitive advantage, as well as the relation between integrating disabled architects and the achievement of competitiveness in ADFs. Second, six case studies are presented and analyzed to investigate the role and process of achieving competitive advantage in ADFs through employing disabled architects. Third, the results of a survey questionnaire are analyzed to examine the perception regarding and application of employing disabled architects as an approach for achieving competitive advantage in ADFs in Egypt. Fourth, a framework is developed to facilitate the integration of disabled architects in ADFs with the goal of achieving competitive advantage. Finally, the research findings are summarized and recommendations are put forth. The value of this research stems from the need to address the issue of lack of employment of disabled architects in ADFs and the benefits of making better use of their unique capabilities and skills toward achieving competitiveness. In addition, this research covers a controversial topic that receives scant attention in construction literature, especially in Egypt.
REST suppression mediates neural conversion of adult human fibroblasts via microRNA‐dependent and ‐independent pathways
Authors: Drouin‐Ouellet Janelle , Lau Shong , Brattås Per Ludvik , Rylander Ottosson Daniella , Pircs Karolina , Grassi Daniela A , Collins Lucy M , Vuono Romina , Andersson Sjöland Annika , Westergren‐Thorsson Gunilla , Graff Caroline , Minthon Lennart , Toresson Håkan , Barker Roger A , Jakobsson Johan , Parmar Malin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDirect conversion of human fibroblasts into mature and functional neurons, termed induced neurons (iNs), was achieved for the first time 6 years ago. This technology offers a promising shortcut for obtaining patient‐ and disease‐specific neurons for disease modeling, drug screening, and other biomedical applications. However, fibroblasts from adult donors do not reprogram as easily as fetal donors, and no current reprogramming approach is sufficiently efficient to allow the use of this technology using patient‐derived material for large‐scale applications. Here, we investigate the difference in reprogramming requirements between fetal and adult human fibroblasts and identify REST as a major reprogramming barrier in adult fibroblasts. Via functional experiments where we overexpress and knockdown the REST‐controlled neuron‐specific microRNAs miR‐9 and miR‐124, we show that the effect of REST inhibition is only partially mediated via microRNA up‐regulation. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that REST knockdown activates an overlapping subset of neuronal genes as microRNA overexpression and also a distinct set of neuronal genes that are not activated via microRNA overexpression. Based on this, we developed an optimized one‐step method to efficiently reprogram dermal fibroblasts from elderly individuals using a single‐vector system and demonstrate that it is possible to obtain iNs of high yield and purity from aged individuals with a range of familial and sporadic neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's, Huntington's, as well as Alzheimer's disease.
Preparation for Transition to Adult Care Among Medicaid-Insured Adolescents
Authors: Sawicki Gregory S. , Garvey Katharine C. , Toomey Sara L. , Williams Kathryn A. , Hargraves J. Lee , James Thomas , Raphael Jean L. , Giardino Angelo P. , Schuster Mark A. , Finkelstein Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:
Parents of children with chronic illness consistently report suboptimal preparation for transition from pediatric- to adult-focused health care. Little data are available on transition preparation for low-income youth in particular.

METHODS:
We conducted a mailed survey of youth with chronic illness enrolled in 2 large Medicaid health plans to determine the quality of transition preparation using the Adolescent Assessment of Preparation for Transition (ADAPT). ADAPT is a new 26-item survey designed for 16- to 17-year-old youth to report on the quality of health care transition preparation they received from medical providers. ADAPT generates composite scores (possible range: 0%–100%) in 3 domains: counseling on transition self-management, counseling on prescription medication, and transfer planning. We examined differences in ADAPT scores based on clinical and demographic characteristics.

RESULTS:
Among 780 and 575 respondents enrolled in the 2 health plans, respectively, scores in all domains reflected deficiencies in transition preparation. The highest scores were observed in counseling on prescription medication (57% and 58% in the 2 plans, respectively), and lower scores were seen for counseling on transition self-management (36% and 30%, respectively) and transfer planning (5% and 4%, respectively). There were no significant differences in composite scores by health plan, sex, or type of chronic health condition.

CONCLUSIONS:
The ADAPT survey, a novel youth-reported patient experience measure, documented substantial gaps in the quality of transition preparation for adolescents with chronic health conditions in 2 diverse Medicaid populations.