bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sophisticated Thinking: Higher Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Tikhonova Elena , Kudinova Natalia 
Published: March 2017

The information-based society determines that the key factor to achieve success is the development of sophisticated thinking. That said, the thinking process cannot be just a mere imitation of cognitive work, since the digital age requires the authentic skills of working with a flow of information that is being constantly updated. This paper deals with the last stage of the study devoted to the development of sophisticated thinking. It focuses on the enhancement of higher order thinking skills. We claim that the cognitive processes should be based on three phases: development of disposition towards both thinking process and processed information; development of lower order thinking skills which serves as an indispensable basis for developing higher order thinking skills; and development of higher order thinking skills. The omission or reordering of any of these phases may result in significant deterioration of the obtained results. The special emphasis is put on the idea that higher order thinking skills are more effectively developed when lower order thinking skills have already been interiorized. Furthermore, the development of disposition is regarded as the cornerstone of the development of sophisticated thinking in general. Also, due to its defining feature of polysemy, a literary text is considered to be the most appropriate basis for enhancing students’ thinking skills. For the purpose of verifying the theoretical ideas, a qualitative study has been conducted. The two groups of students, who participated in the first and second stages (three-month cycle each) of our project, continue to be involved in this one. They are second-year bachelor students of the Higher School of Economics who are studying English as a second language. On the basis of the ideas expressed by B. Bloom about the division between lower and higher order thinking skills and by J. Mezirow about transformative learning we designed tasks to enhance higher order thinking skills. These tasks were related to the short stories written by D. Barthelme and printed as a collection, Sixty Stories. To teach the students of both groups (control and experimental), the text-based approach with special techniques to measure the students’ level of understanding and the ability to apply the given information was used. The results of the experiment indicated that the students of both groups made headway in their application of thinking skills. However, the students of the experimental group demonstrated a more significant shift due to the fact that the development of their disposition towards cognitive processes and processed information had been specifically targeted over the course of the first and second stages of the project. Another important outcome of the study was that the participants’ frame of reference was extended which allows us to speculate that the development of sophisticated thinking may result in the change of a person’s interpretation of socio-cultural situation. Hence, a further in-depth study of the issue should be conducted.
Lexical Representation of Knowledge about a Human Being in English
Authors: Golechkova Tatiana 
Published: March 2017

This paper presents the research in the sphere of lexical representation. On the premise that word meaning offers insights into conceptual knowledge stored in the mind, we have analyzed the semantics of the set of synonyms denoting a human being without reference to gender, age, occupation or peculiarities of personality and without any evaluation of the referent. These lexical items are person, individual, human being, and one of the meanings of man and personality. Use of etymological, dictionary, derivational, collocation, context analysis and conceptual modelling enabled us to build a list of conceptual components that comprise the knowledge about a human being represented in the English language. To date, the conceptual models used to visualize knowledge do not seem applicable to visualizing knowledge about a human being; therefore, we could only formulate the main features that are characteristic of this knowledge in the English world-view.
The Impact of Direct-indirect Corrective E-feedback on EFL Students’ Writing Accuracy
Authors: Seiffedin Ahmed Hassan , El-Sakka Samah Mohammed Fahim 
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of direct-indirect corrective feedback via e-mail on the writing accuracy students at kindergarten section, Suez Faculty of Education, Egypt. The design of the study was a pre-post quasi experimental design. The main instrument of the study was a pre-post writing test. The participants were forty eight junior EFL students at the kindergarten section, randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=23). Both groups were tested using the pre-post writing test before and after the experiment. During the treatment, the experimental group received direct-indirect teacher corrective feedback on their writing compositions via e-mail while the control group received no feedback. Differences between the participants’ mean scores on the pre test and post test were calculated for each group separately using Paired Samples T-Test which revealed significant differences between the pre-test and posttest of the experimental group mean scores. Independent Samples T-Test was used to calculate the differences between the experimental and the control groups’ mean gain scores on the pre and post test of writing. Significant differences existed in favor of the experimental group mean gain scores.
Meneguhkan Islam Harmoni Melalui Pendekatan Filologi
Authors: Said Nur 
Published: March 2017

Indonesia dihuni oleh sebuah bangsa yang memiliki kelimpahan aneka seni dan budaya. Salah satu produk budaya yang khas nusantara adalah naskah kuno<em>.</em> Maka menjadi sebuah keniscayaan menjadikan naskah kuno sebagai bagian dari sumber utama dalam meneguhkan Islam nusantara. Maka ilmu filologi mutlak diperlukan. Paper ini akan membahas ruang lingkup manuskrip di nusantara serta menjelaskan pemahaman tentang pendekatan filologi secara teoritis dan praktis. Penulisan paper ini merupakan bagian dari penguatan <em>theoretical framework </em> melalui review literatur secara kritis. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa hampir di setiap kota lintas pulau di Indonesia ditemukan sejumlah manuskrip dengan ragam aksara, bahasa dan materi isinya yang mencerminkan kedalaman spiritualitas bangsa. Salah satu tugas filolog adalah peran pokoknya adalah melakukan transliterasi (alih aksara), agar naskah kuno tersebut bisa dibaca lebih luas dan selanjutnya mengkajinya secara interdisipliner sebagai bahan untuk rekonstruksi budaya. Sejauhmana produk riset filologis tersebut memberi kontribusi keilmuan tergantung kecerdasan dan kreatifitas peneliti mendialogkan dengan disiplin keilmuan yang ditekuninya sehingga mampu meneguhkan identitas Islam nusantara yang dikenal ramah dan harmoni dalam relasi dengan Tuhan, sesama manusia dan lingkungan.
Synthesis of Some Mixed ligands Complexes of (2-hydroxy benzaldine)-4-amino Antipyrine and 1,10-phenanthroline and Studying their antibacterial activity
Authors: Alias Mahasin F. , Ibraheem Israa H. , Hassan Maysoon M. A bdul 
Published: March 2017

Complexes from the ligand (2-hydroxy benzaldine)-4-aminoantipyrine with some transition metal ions V(l?),Cr(lll),Fe(lll) and Co(ll) were prepared in the presence of the co-ligand 1,10-phenanthroline in alcoholic medium. These compounds were characterized by the available techniques: FT-IR ,UV-Visible ,magnetic susceptibility, Flame atomic absorption technique as well as elemental analysis and conductivity mesurments .From these spectral studies, a square pyramidal structure proposed for V(IV) complex and an octahedral geometry for Cr(III),Fe(III) and Co(II) complexes. The biological activity of the ligands and their complexes were evaluated by a gar plate diffusion technique against three human pathogenic bacterial strains: Pseudomonas aerogenuosa, E.schriachia coli. and Staphlococcus arureus. Some of the complexes were found	to have a good antibacterial activity a gainst these pathogens.
Rapid Field Analytical Methods for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Authors: Kong Deyuan , Hoelen Thomas , Mcmillen Sara , Vidra Timothy , Chitra Sarah , Saputra Dicky , Kuswardani Tyas , Kurniawan Yohanes , Pandjatan Yusak , Widiyanto Adi , Armpriester Cari , Mardalina Melda 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil is often measured to determine if soils have been impacted by crude oil. PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI) operates several oil fields in Sumatra and samples soil for TPH content for remediation-related work. Traditional laboratory methods used to analyze for TPH in soil require three to four days, and commercial labs often take two to four weeks before reporting results. This timing results in delays in decision-making regarding site soil delineation and excavation as well as in determining when soil remediation has been completed. CPI conducted two pilot studies using commercially available rapid TPH test kits and one non-destructive infrared method. In the first pilot study, six different commercially available field test kits were evaluated for rapid TPH analysis plus a modified FTK (field test kit) with infrared method. Each test method was used to measure TPH from 63 soil samples. These samples covered a wide range of soil type, oil content, and moisture content, and should, therefore, be representative of most CPI sites. The TPH results were compared to the standard TPH analytical method, TPH-Gas Chromatography (TPH-GC) (USEPA 8015). In the second pilot study, a portable handheld infrared (IR) Instrument was tested with over 300 soil samples from variable CPI sites. The standard TPH-GC analytical method data of those soil samples were used to create two site-specific models with 15-20 double-blinded samples to validate the modeling work. The validated models will be loaded onto the individual instrument for future field deployment.
Two of the six commercially available test methods produced TPH results similar to those obtained by the standard laboratory TPH-GC methods. The rapid, portable IR method also provided TPH results that correlated well with standard TPH-GC results at different concentration levels. The advantage of the rapid IR method is that the soil samples do not have to be extracted with a solvent, so no chemical waste is generated. The rapid IR method provides TPH results in a few minutes rather than in days or weeks. This paper describes the results from the two pilot studies, and the pros and cons of each rapid method for field application are discussed.
A Methodology for Integrating Social Responsibility Into Management Systems
Authors: Norman Jason S. , Strobl Matthew , Moldovan Sonia 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The FIRM risk management scorecard approach, often used to categorize an organization's risk, treats social responsibility risk as a reputational risk that is managed within the corporate social responsibility (CSR) function. We argue that, within the resource extractive industry, social responsibility risk occurs at the operational level and as such needs to be managed locally as part of the operation itself. Our analysis shows that social responsibility risk is complex and can present financial, infrastructure, and marketplace risk characteristics. Furthermore, a far more informationally-connected and vocal global society has changed the lens through which operational issues are viewed. Relatively minor incidents can now quickly escalate and ‘go-viral’ with significant long-term economic and reputational impacts to the parent organization. In this paper, we present a standardized approach, based on validated research methods, to better identify and manage these social responsibility risks.
Our risk management methodology aligns closely with the ISO 31,000 Risk management - Principles and Guidelines where risks are identified and managed using a common identification-analysis-evaluation-treatment approach. Our methodology draws upon more than 50 years of qualitative and quantitative data from environmental, social and governance development work in more than 75 countries around the world. A stepwise approach (1) conducts a detailed assessment of the local societal concerns and issues, (2) identifies key performance indicators (KPIs) of these concerns that can be tracked, (3) defines and implements a longitudinal monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework, and (4) ties the reporting of the local social responsibility risks and mitigation performance directly into accessible dashboards and impact reporting tools.
Through specific examples, we will show how the ‘pulse’ of local communities can be tracked and provide the critical feedback loop that provides early warnings of required adjustments and interventions that prevent minor issues escalating into performance damaging crises. We demonstrate how the cost of risk mitigation can be tied directly into the host project financials and how risk mitigation activities can be optimized to identify ‘risk opportunities’.
Our work indicates that organizations should not confuse core-business operational social responsibility with non-core-business ‘doing good’ activities. We show that not only is it possible to tie social responsibility activities into local operational management systems, it is a requirement for success.
The Value of Focused Consensus Ecological Risk Assessments with Trans-Boundary Considerations for Oil Spill Response
Authors: Varghese Geeva , Coolbaugh Thomas , Walker Ann Hayward 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The risk of an oil spill in Asia Pacific region has escalated in recent years due to increases in maritime traffic and oil and gas activities. It is possible that oil spills may result in serious environmental and socio-economic consequences with long term detrimental effects to the wider community. Implementing effective response to an oil spill incident is a complex decision-making process involving the consideration of multiple variables such as available response technologies, operational factors and logistical constraints, and is often carried out in the face of incomplete information. A rapid decision making process is also needed as the effective implementation of the various options to mitigate the oil spill impacts may be reduced with time.
Comparative Ecological Risk Assessment is a widely accepted tool for evaluating ecological concerns that allows for the objective comparison of the relative risk contributed by each specific ‘stressor’ or ‘option’ being considered. The process facilitates optimum decision making through a more complete use of available information and participative consultation with key stakeholders.
The focus of this paper is the adaptation of the widely accepted comparative ecological risk assessment process towards a uniquely complex trans-boundary oil spill scenario for the Asia Pacific Region. The application of the comparative ecological risk assessment to region-specific scenarios will drew upon the authors' operational knowledge of responding to oil spills in the region and similar project studies conducted in other regions globally. While presenting oil spill response issues that are unique to Asia Pacific region, the paper will detail a fit for purpose comparative ecological risk assessment framework that can be implemented during a trans-boundary oil spill scenario with limited information and few resources. Emphasis will be given to problem formulation that takes temporal considerations and long term net benefits while combining expert judgment, stakeholder values and local knowledge to reach optimum decisions without undue stress on the resources available to do so.
Factors Contributing to Premature Disembarkation in Malaysian Offshore Installations Due to Illness and Work Related Injuries
Authors: Tan Alan , Hassim B. Ismail Noor , Nawi Azmawati 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
There are numerous offshore installation sites drilling for oil and gas within Malaysian Coastal Waters. The population of each offshore installation are susceptible to a variety of illnesses, some of which are trivial, some others require medical prescription medication and of course some which require further medical evaluation on shore.

Aim
To determine the prevalence of premature disembarkations in Malaysian Offshore Installations due to illness and work related injuries.

Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted to study the prevalence of premature disembarkation due to illness, work related injuries in Malaysian Offshore installations. The study involved 380 respondents who were selected through convenient sampling. The respondents comprised of workers from twenty offshore installations located in Malaysian waters. Data collection was through notification of case medical information forms which were filled out by the paramedic aboard the offshore installation. Individual patient medical history, socio-demographic, type of illness and escalation of cases to the medical director were studied.

Results
This study found that the 12 months prevalence of premature disembarkation in Malaysian offshore installations due to illness and work related injuries was significant at 39%. The medical condition reported was about predominantly illness cases (90.8%) and only a smaller number (9.2%) were injuries. However 60% of the injuries were prematurely disembarked as compared to 27.7% of illness being disembarked. Injuries were more prevalent than illness in the cause for premature disembarkations.
Malaysians were also significantly found to be more frequently prematurely disembarked.
Cardiac conditions were significantly the most likely cause for a premature disembarkation due to an illness.

Conclusion
The prevalence of premature disembarkations in medically ill or injured offshore installation population was 39%, which were divided to urgent premature disembarkations being 15% and non urgent premature disembarkations being 25%
Looking at only the premature disembarkations, 36.5% were urgent premature disembarkations and 63.5% were non urgent disembarkations.
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Risk Assessment BESRA for 2D Land Seismic Survey: Case Study of Open Block SK6-00 Limbang, Sarawak
Authors: Fatah Wan Muqtadir 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The process to conduct a Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Risk Assessment (BESRA) was established to enhance situational baseline on biodiversity data for PETRONAS’ upstream and downstream operations, and reducing the impacts on biodiversity in areas of its operation. The location for this assessment was Open Block SK6-00 in the District of Limbang, Sarawak. BESRA consists of a set of questions and a site visit to the identified locations. The template used is developed in accordance to the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards, IUCN Conservation Tools, PETRONAS HSE Risk Matrix, and PETRONAS Technical Guidelines: Environmental Management of Oil and Gas Operations in Tropical Rain Forest. Desktop assessment was made on the demographics mapped against the current practices adopted by the Project Management Team (PMT), as well as identification of existing biodiversity risks, and affected stakeholders. Initial discussion with project owners was held to clarify the Terms of Reference and to establishroles and responsibilities. The BESRA specific scope is divided into five (5) categories. These are (1) General Biodiversity, (2) Protection and Conservation, (3) Management of Ecosystem Services, (4) Management of Living Natural Resources, and (5) Supply Chain. During the site visit, photographs were taken for records purposes and short interviews were held with the project team. One of the key findings are the completed transact lines had been 90% restored to an almost pristine condition before the project begin. It was also discovered that the very small number of blast holes that was overblown could cause severe burn for the plants within its five metres radius from the shot holes. However this would prolonged the restoration process but not totally destrying the area. Awareness and improving the management practices is imperative to improve the situation and support the objectives of this assessment. It can be concluded that PETRONAS’ current practice of conducting 2D-Seismic activity for tropical onshore locations is low-risk due to the PMT's proactive stance. The two broad themes identified as solutions includes the inclusion of biodiversity management plan in current procedures and awareness on the locality of the BES in the area. The results of this initiative indicated that awareness on BES issues have improved significantly and consideration is now given to formalise BESRA as part of the procedure for future seismic studies. Furthermore, it has contributed towards PETRONAS’ data bank on terrestrial biodiversity in the area concerned while verifying biodiversity data contained in the EIA. BESRA can further enhance the organisation's internal capacity in conducting such assessment and empowering the employees to conduct their own assessments for continuous improvement thereby reducing reliance on consultants.
Tools for Pipeline Risk Assessment Using PD8010: Part 3
Authors: Jiao Lei , Suen Ka Man , Cheng Sin Yan , Alvarez Daniel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
There exist a number of published sources in the public domain where generic pipeline failure data consolidated for various types of oil and gas pipeline applications can be obtained. The main challenge of using these generic failure databases is to make reasonable estimates of the reduction factors applied in frequency calculation to reflect the specific design of the pipeline. An inappropriately chosen reduction factor can result in overestimation or underestimation of risk arising from the pipeline. It can also causes difficulties to pipeline designers in justifying pipeline integrity. Using PD8010: Part 3, detailed analysis of the historical pipeline failure data were carried out and the contribution from each design parameter was analysed. This provides a realistic approach to calculate the extent of risk reduction from each of the design parameters. Such an approach allows the pipeline operator and designer to make or support decisions on additional mitigation measures that may be necessary to fulfil safety and compliance requirements. Furthermore, it can be used as an input in cost estimation during the early stages of the project.