bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evaluative Role of Rostrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Rule-Based Category Learning
Authors: Paniukov Dmitrii , Davis Tyler 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCategory learning is a critical neurobiological function that allows organisms to simplify a complex world. Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (rlPFC) is often active in neurobiological studies of category learning; however, the specific role this region serves in category learning remains uncertain. Previous category learning studies have hypothesized that the rlPFC is involved in switching between rules, whereas others have emphasized rule abstraction and evaluation. We aimed to clarify the role of rlPFC in category learning and dissociate switching and evaluation accounts using two common types of category learning tasks: matching and classification. The matching task involved matching a reference stimulus to one of four target stimuli. In the classification task, participants were shown a single stimulus and learned to classify it into one of two categories. Matching and classification are similar but place different demands on switching and evaluation. In matching, a rule can be known with certainty after a single correct answer. In classification, participants may need to evaluate evidence for a rule even after an initial correct response. This critical difference allows isolation of evaluative functions from switching functions. If the rlPFC is primarily involved in switching between representations, it should cease to be active once participants settle on a given rule in both tasks. If the rlPFC is involved in rule evaluation, its activation should persist in the classification task, but not matching. The results revealed that rlPFC activation persisted into correct trials in classification, but not matching, suggesting that it continues to be involved in the evaluations of evidence for a rule even after participants have arrived at the correct rule.HighlightsDifferences between rule-based matching and classification tasks were highlighted.Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in evaluation of evidence for a rule in rule-based category learning tasks.
A machine-learning heuristic to improve gene score prediction of polygenic traits
Authors: Paré Guillaume , Mao Shihong , Deng Wei Q. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMachine-learning techniques have helped solve a broad range of prediction problems, yet are not widely used to build polygenic risk scores for the prediction of complex traits. We propose a novel heuristic based on machine-learning techniques (GraBLD) to boost the predictive performance of polygenic risk scores. Gradient boosted regression trees were first used to optimize the weights of SNPs included in the score, followed by a novel regional adjustment for linkage disequilibrium. A calibration set with sample size of ~200 individuals was sufficient for optimal performance. GraBLD yielded predictionR2of 0.239 and 0.082 using GIANT summary association statistics for height and BMI in the UK Biobank study (N=130K; 1.98M SNPs), explaining 46.9% and 32.7% of the overall polygenic variance, respectively. For diabetes status, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.602 in the UK Biobank study using summary-level association statistics from the DIAGRAM consortium. GraBLD outperformed other polygenic score heuristics for the prediction of height (p<2.2x10−16) and BMI (p<1.57x10−4), and was equivalent to LDpred for diabetes. Results were independently validated in the Health and Retirement Study (N=8,292; 688,398 SNPs). Our report demonstrates the use of machine-learning techniques, coupled with summary-level data from large genome-wide meta-analyses to improve the prediction of polygenic traits.
Heat transfer enhancement via Görtler flow with spatial numerical simulation
Authors: Malatesta Vinicius , Rogenski Josuel Kruppa , Souza Leandro Franco de 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The centrifugal instability mechanism of boundary layers over concave surfaces is responsible for the development of quasi-periodic, counter-rotating vortices aligned in a streamwise direction known as Görtler vortices. By distorting the boundary layer structure in both the spanwise and the wall-normal directions, Görtler vortices may modify heat transfer rates. The purpose of this study is to conduct spatial numerical simulation experiments based on a vorticity–velocity formulation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes system of equations to quantify the role of the transition in the heat transfer process.

Design/methodology/approach
Experiments are conducted using an in-house, parallel, message-passing code. Compact finite difference approximations and a spectral method are used to approximate spatial derivatives. A fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is adopted for time integration. The Poisson equation is solved using a geometric multigrid method.

Findings
Results show that the numerical method can capture the physics of transitional flows over concave geometries. They also show that the heat transfer rates in the late stages of the transition may be greater than those for either laminar or turbulent ones.

Originality/value
The numerical method can be considered as a robust alternative to investigate heat transfer properties in transitional boundary layer flows over concave surfaces.
Dual solutions for nonlinear boundary value problems by the variational iteration method
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use the variational iteration method (VIM) for studying boundary value problems (BVPs) characterized with dual solutions.

Design/methodology/approach
The VIM proved to be practical for solving linear and nonlinear problems arising in scientific and engineering applications. In this work, the aim is to use the VIM for a reliable treatment of nonlinear boundary value problems characterized with dual solutions.

Findings
The VIM is shown to solve nonlinear BVPs, either linear or nonlinear. It is shown that the VIM solves these models without requiring restrictive assumptions and in a straightforward manner. The conclusions are justified by investigating many scientific models.

Research limitations/implications
The VIM provides convergent series solutions for linear and nonlinear equations in the same manner.

Practical implications
The VIM is practical and shows more power compared to existing techniques.

Social implications
The VIM handles linear and nonlinear models in the same manner.

Originality/value
This work highlights a reliable technique for solving nonlinear BVPs that possess dual solutions. This paper has shown the power of the VIM for handling BVPs.
Wheels of change in higher education
Authors: Warr Pedersen Kristin , Pharo Emma , Peterson Corey , Clark Geoffrey Andrew 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to profile the development of a bicycle parking hub at the University of Tasmania to illustrate how the Academic Operations Sustainability Integration Program promotes real change through the engagement of stakeholders from across an institution to deliver campus sustainability. This case study outlines one example of how place-based learning initiatives focused on campus sustainability challenges have delivered authentic education for sustainability in the Australasian higher education setting.

Design/methodology/approach
This case study outlines the process through which a cross-disciplinary place-based learning initiative was designed, implemented and evaluated over a three-year period. The evaluation of the project was designed to assess the impact of this education for sustainability approach on both operational and student learning outcomes, and to make recommendations on the continuation of place-based learning initiatives through the Academic Operations Sustainability Integration Program.

Findings
This case study illustrates how learning can be focused around finding solutions to real world problems through the active participation of staff and students as members of a learning community. This experience helped the authors to better understand how place-based learning initiatives can help deliver authentic education for sustainability and the success factors required for engaging staff and students in such efforts.

Originality/value
The case study highlights an example of an education for sustainability initiative that was mutually driven by the operational and learning objectives of an institution, and specifically the ways in which the engagement of staff and students from across an institution can lead to the successful integration of these two often disparate institutional goals.
Accountability and narrative disclosure by Muslim charity organisations in the UK
Authors: Yasmin Sofia , Haniffa Roszaini 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to explore a narrative disclosure by Muslim charity organisations (MCOs) in the UK.Design/methodology/approachUsing content analysis, this study assesses disclosure in MCOs’ trustee annual reports against the Statement of Recommended Reporting Practices (SORP) for charities using perspectives from accountability including the Islamic concept of accountability.FindingsThe findings suggest disclosure to be limited in showing how transactions and activities comply with the mandatory reporting requirements. Hence, MCOs need to increase their awareness of regulatory and sector challenges, as well as self-scrutiny of their current narrative reporting practices, especially in showing their mandatory reporting and hence religious accountability.Originality/valueThe paper provides important empirical data on the status quo of reporting practice by this important sub-sector. The paper provides a systematic analysis of the way trustee annual reports (TARs) are presented by MCOs and also provides a comprehensive framework for a better understanding of the minimum accountability requirements incumbent upon all charity organisations.
An international analysis of time varying beta risk in listed real estate securities
Authors: Morri Giacomo , Romito Federico 
Published: February 2017

PurposeListed real estate securities have historically been used to achieve an exposure to the real estate asset class and to obtain a broad spectrum of other specific features such as return enhancement, but whether they must be associated to the direct property or to the broad stock market is deceptive on a merely theoretical basis. Moreover, the global financial crisis (GFC) has questioned their risk/return characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to asses if listed real estate securities are still enough dissimilar from the broad stock market to provide remarkable diversification benefits for a long term investor.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis has been developed on the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index and at country level (USA, UK, France, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong and Australia) from November 2001 to October 2013. The authors analysed the real estate index over a broad market index and adjusted for a possible bias related to heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation, using a least squared regression with Newey-West HAC Correction. A Recursive Least Squares (RLS) was also used to test the stability of the parameters with the CUSUM squared test and the Chow test. Finally the authors tested for cointegration with the Augmented Dickey Fuller and the Engle Granger tests.FindingsThe authors found that after the GFC the Beta-risk related to the stock market has witnessed a sharp increase, but with differences among country. While the USA, the UK and France have experienced a trend similar to the one described for the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index, Asian Markets depict a quite stable Beta over the full sample (gradual increase for the Australian market). Evidence of a structural break in conjunction with 2008 crisis has been found only in USA, UK and France.Practical implicationsListed real estate securities, even if characterised by time varying Beta-risk and partially reduced diversification benefits, are still worth to be included in long term horizon portfolios. However, more wary considerations should be drafted before investing in the Asian markets where evidence of cointegration was found only for the Japanese market.Originality/valueAnalysis of post GFC effect on direct property investment vs indirect listed investment worldwide.
Service recommender system based on emotional features and social interactions
Authors: Yuan Soe Tsyr , Yang Chun-Ya 
Published: February 2017

PurposeMost existing recommendation systems or technologies are functional-oriented. Recommending services, nevertheless, requires the consideration of service experiences perceived by customers being individually unique and emphasizing the emotional experiences and the co-created value-in-use. This paper aims to present a new recommender system to capture customer emotional needs and address social interactions among service stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a color imagery-based recommender system (CIRS) capable of capturing customer emotional needs and addressing social interactions among service stakeholders that can collectively co-create the individual value-in-use and beneficial outcomes for customers. Based on the Color Image Scale, the recommender system uses the color imagery format as the uniform representation of customers’ psychological expectations, service providers and the service system, to facilitate the scoring and ranking of recommendations.FindingsThis study uses an application context of destination tourism to demonstrate and justify the recommender system’s attempted contributions preliminarily. That is, CIRS can recommend destinations and tour services that meet tourists’ emotional needs with a satisfactory precision of 70 per cent. CIRS can also make stakeholders’ image models evolve over time considering the dynamic interactions among stakeholders. CIRS can also help lesser-known tourism destinations be discovered by tourists who can be emotionally satisfied.Originality/valueCIRS uses the color imagery as the uniform representation for customers’ expectations, service providers (e.g. small and medium enterprises) and service system (e.g. tourism destinations), considering the continued interactions among the service stakeholders that collectively co-create the individual value-in-use and beneficial outcomes for each customer.
Hybrid supervised clustering based ensemble scheme for text classification
Authors: Onan Aytug 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The immense quantity of available unstructured text documents serve as one of the largest source of information. Text classification can be an essential task for many purposes in information retrieval, such as document organization, text filtering and sentiment analysis. Ensemble learning has been extensively studied to construct efficient text classification schemes with higher predictive performance and generalization ability. The purpose of this paper is to provide diversity among the classification algorithms of ensemble, which is a key issue in the ensemble design.

Design/methodology/approach
An ensemble scheme based on hybrid supervised clustering is presented for text classification. In the presented scheme, supervised hybrid clustering, which is based on cuckoo search algorithm and k-means, is introduced to partition the data samples of each class into clusters so that training subsets with higher diversities can be provided. Each classifier is trained on the diversified training subsets and the predictions of individual classifiers are combined by the majority voting rule. The predictive performance of the proposed classifier ensemble is compared to conventional classification algorithms (such as Naïve Bayes, logistic regression, support vector machines and C4.5 algorithm) and ensemble learning methods (such as AdaBoost, bagging and random subspace) using 11 text benchmarks.

Findings
The experimental results indicate that the presented classifier ensemble outperforms the conventional classification algorithms and ensemble learning methods for text classification.

Originality/value
The presented ensemble scheme is the first to use supervised clustering to obtain diverse ensemble for text classification
Effect of Extraction Method on the Oxidative Stability of Camelina Seed Oil Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Belayneh Henok D. , Wehling Randy L. , Cahoon Edgar B. , Ciftci Ozan N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCamelina seed is a new alternative omega‐3 source attracting growing interest. However, it is susceptible to oxidation due to its high omega‐3 content. The objective of this study was to improve the oxidative stability of the camelina seed oil at the extraction stage in order to eliminate or minimize the use of additive antioxidants. Camelina seed oil extracts were enriched in terms of natural antioxidants using ethanol‐modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction. Oxidative stability of the camelina seed oils extracted by ethanol modified SC‐CO2 was studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and compared with cold press, hexane, and SC‐CO2 methods. Nonisothermal oxidation kinetics of the oils obtained by different extraction methods were studied by DSC at varying heating rates (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 °C/min). Increasing ethanol level in the ethanol‐modified SC‐CO2 increased the oxidative stability. Based on oxidation onset temperatures (Ton), SC‐CO2 containing 10% ethanol yielded the most stable oil. Oxidative stability depended on the type and content of the polar fractions, namely, phenolic compounds and phospholipids. Phenolic compounds acted as natural antioxidants, whereas increased phospholipid contents decreased the stability. Study has shown that the oxidative stability of the oils can be improved at the extraction stage and this may eliminate the need for additive antioxidants.
Enhanced mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 in livedoid vasculopathy lesions
Authors: Agirbasli Mehmet , Göktay Fatih , Peker Irem , Gunes Pembegul , Aker Fugen Vardar , Akkiprik Mustafa 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAimThrombosis and inflammation play an important role in pathophysiology of livedoid vasculopathy (LV). Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) is the main physiological inhibitor of fibrinolysis and is a pivotal modulator in a broad range of biological processes.MethodThe study specimens were retrospectively selected from archives of pathology department. We investigated PAI‐1 mRNA expression in the paraffin blocks of patients with biopsy‐proven LV and controls. We analyzed the presence of thrombus, fibrinoid necrosis, ulcer, and epidermal atrophy in study samples. The correlation between histologic findings and PAI‐1 expression was investigated.ResultsAnalyses were performed in 14 LV patients (mean age 31±20, 79% female) and 4 controls (mean age 64±19, 50% female). PAI‐1 gene expression was significantly higher in LV compared to the control group (median 7.74 (Iqr:13.94) vs 1.0 (0.31)), P=.011. Histological analysis displayed that fibrinoid necrosis was present on all patients with LV, 61.5% displayed thrombus, 46.2% displayed ulcer, and 15.4% displayed epidermal atrophy. Overall, we did not observe any discerning difference in PAI‐1 expression between the LV blocks with or without thrombus, fibrinoid necrosis, or epidermal atrophy, yet the LV specimens that displayed ulcer histologically had higher PAI‐1 mRNA expression compared to those without ulcer (median 13.98 (Iqr:19.21) vs 2.86 (5.59)), (P=.046).ConclusionPAI‐1 mRNA expression is significantly increased in cutaneous lesions of patients with LV. Histological finding of ulcer is associated with increased PAI‐1 expression in LV specimen. In the current era of PAI‐1 inhibitors, enhanced local PAI‐1 expression can form a novel and local therapeutic target in LV.
NLRP3 p.Q705K and CARD8 p.C10X single nucleotide polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Zhaowen , Cao Jin , Yang Qingrui , Zhang Yuanchao , Han Lihui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimGenetic factors have a substantial contribution to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Single nucleotide polymorphisms of NLRP3 p.Q705K and CARD8 p.C10X are two gene mutations that have been linked to many diseases. Here we carried out a meta‐analysis to identify their association with susceptibility to RA.MethodRelevant studies were identified from databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBase, Elsevier Science Direct, Web of Science, SpringerLink, and so on. Data extracted from selected studies were analyzed using the Version 12.0 STATA software. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated as the effect sizes for comparisons.ResultsIn total, six case–control studies from five articles that contained 2705 RA patients and 2711 healthy controls were included. (i) The NLRP3 p.Q705K polymorphism in allelic model (OR = 0.908), genotypic models (OR1 = 0.786; OR2 = 0.916; OR3 = 0.729), dominant (OR = 0.909) and recessive models (OR = 0.778) were not associated with the risk of RA (all P > 0.05). (ii) The CARD8 p.C10X polymorphism in allelic model (OR = 0.995,), genotypic models (OR1 = 0.997; OR2 = 1.052; OR3 = 0.950), dominant (OR = 1.033) and recessive models (OR = 0.963) were not associated with the risk of RA (all P > 0.05). (iii) When compared with combined genotype CARD8/NLRP3 AA/CC, none of the other combined genotypes had significant pooled ORs (all P > 0.05). (iv) Individuals carrying at least one variant allele at each of the two loci showed no more susceptibility to RA than those carrying only wild‐type alleles at both the NLRP3 p.Q705K and CARD8 p.C10X loci (OR = 1.056, P > 0.05).ConclusionNLRP3 p.Q705K and CARD8 p.C10X polymorphisms were not associated with the susceptibility to RA, separately or in combined forms.
Ultrasound‐guided approach to nerves (direct vs. tangential) and the incidence of intraneural injection: a cadaveric study
Authors: Sermeus L. A. , Sala‐Blanch X. , McDonnell J. G. , Lobo C. A. , Nicholls B. J. , van Geffen G. J. , Choquet O. , Iohom G. , de Jose Maria Galve B. , Hermans C. , Lammens M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis study evaluated the incidence of nerve puncture and intraneural injection based on the needle approach to the nerve (direct vs. tangential). Two expert operators in regional anaesthesia performed in‐plane ultrasound‐guided nerve blocks (n = 158) at different levels of the brachial plexus in cadavers, aiming either directly for the nerve (n = 77) or tangentially inferior to the nerve (n = 81). After reaching the outer limit of the nerve, the needle was intentionally advanced approximately 1 mm in both approaches, and 0.2–0.5 ml of saline was injected. Each operator classified (in real time) the needle tip and injectate as intraneural or not. Video clips showing the final position of the needle and the injection were evaluated in the same manner by seven independent expert observers who were blinded to the aims of this study. In addition, 20 injections were performed with ink for histological evaluation. Intraneural injections of saline were observed by the operator in 58% (45/77) of cases using the direct approach and 12% (10/81) of cases using the tangential approach (p < 0.001). The independent observers agreed with the operator in a substantial number of cases (Cohen's kappa index 0.65). Histological studies showed intraneural spread in 83% (5/6) of cases using the direct approach and in 14% (2/14) of cases using the tangential approach (p = 0.007). No intrafascicular injections were observed. There was good agreement between the operators’ assessment and subsequent histological evaluation (Cohen's kappa = 0.89). Simulation of an unintentional/accidental advancement of the needle ‘beyond the edge’ of the nerve suggests significantly increased risk of epineural perforation and intraneural injection when a direct approach to the nerve is used, compared with a tangential approach.