bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: METALLABISPHOSPHONATES AS CHELATING LIGANDS. II. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF MONO‐ AND BINUCLEAR PALLADIUMBISPHOSPHONATE COMPLEXES CONTAINING OHO AND OBF2O BRIDGES
Authors: WERNER H. , TRI NGO KHAC TRI NGO KHAC 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion von π‐(2‐MethylallylHr‐cyclopentadienyl‐Pd (I) mit den Phosphiten (II) führt zu den einkernigen Pd(II)‐Komplexen (III),.die ebenfalls durch Umsetzung der aus (II) und (V) synthetisierten, chloridverbrückten Dimeren (IV) mit Tl‐cyclopentadienid zugänglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDS. CCXLVIII. HYDROGENATION OF 12‐OXO‐5β‐CHOL‐9(11)‐ENATES ON PLATINUM
Authors: KASAL A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHydrierung der 12‐Oxo‐cholestenate (Ia), (Ib) bzw. (Ic) über PtO2 und anschließende Jones‐Oxidation der Reaktionsgemische führen zu den Produkten (II), (III)‐(V) bzw. (Ia), (III), (IV) und (VI)‐(VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: TESTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THERMITASE AS A CATALYST FOR PEPTIDE BOND FORMATION
Authors: KOENNECKE A. + , JAKUBKE H.‐D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Verwendung von Thermitase, einem thermophilen proteolytischen Enzym aus Thermoactinomyces Vulgaris,als Katalysator für die Peptidsynthese wird anhand der Kupplung verschiedener Dipeptidester (I) mit Leu‐amid (II) als Nucleophil untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF α‐ AND β‐L‐FUCOPYRANOSYL PHOSPHATES AND GDP FUCOSE
Authors: NUNEZ H. A. , O'CONNOR J. V. , ROSEVEAR P. R. , BARKER R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractL‐Fucose wird zu einem Gemisch der isomeren Acetate (Ia)+(Ib) acetyliert das mit HBr/Eisessig die Acetobromfucose (Ic) liefert; das aus dieser erhältliche Fucopyranose‐Anomerengemisch (II) wird in die Phosphate (IVa) + (IVb) (getrennt) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: BUILDING UNITS FOR OLIGOSACCHARIDES. XXXI. SYNTHESIS OF THE REPEATING UNIT OF F THE O‐SPECIFIC CHAIN OF THE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM BACTERIUM ESCHERICHIA COLI O 75
Authors: PAULSEN H. , LOCKHOFF O. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKondensation des Trisaccharid‐Blocks (I), der aus einer Disaccharideinheit (Mannose, Galactos : und einer Glucosamin‐Einheit aufgebaut wurde, mit dem Rhamnose‐Derivat (II) liefert ein Gemisch des α‐verknüpften (IIIa) und β‐verknüpften Tetrasaccharidderivats (IV);nach vollständiger Deblockierung von (IIIa) (ohne Isolierung der einzelnen Zwischenstufen) wird das Tetrasaccharid (IIIc), die Titelspezies, erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: O,O‐DIALKYLPHOSPHOROSELENOIC ACIDS AS FUNCTIONALIZING REAGENTS OF MONOSACCHARIDES. III. A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED SUGARS BY DEOXYGENATION OF SUGAR EPOXIDES WITH DIALKYLPHOSPHOROSELENOIC ACIDS
Authors: KUDELSKA W. , MICHALSKA M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Zuckerepoxide (II), (V) werden durch Reaktion mit den Selenophosphatsalzen (I) in die entsprechenden ungesättigten Monosaccharide (III) bzw. (VI) übergeführt [das (V)‐Isomere (VII) reagiert nur sehr langsam mit (Ib)]; neben (III) entstehen auch die Diselenide (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THE STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF LEUKOTRIENE A4 (LTA4), 5‐EPI‐LTA4, 6‐EPI‐LTA4, AND 5‐EPI,6‐EPI‐LTA4
Authors: ROKACH J. , ZAMBONI R. , LAU C.‐K. , GUINDON Y. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract2‐Desoxy‐D‐ribose (I) wird nach Wittig zum ungesättigten Ester (II) kondensiert und nach Hydrierung zu (IIIa) weiter zu (IIIb) mesyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: INORGANIC PIGMENTS: PRINCIPLES OF COLORED, COLORLESS, AND TRANSPARENT
Authors: HUND F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReview: Erörterung der Abhängigkeit der Streu‐ und Absorptionskonstanten der Pigmente von Brechungsindex, Lichtwellenlänge und Teilchengröße, der von der Teilchengeometrie pigmentierter Systeme abhängigen Eigenschaften sowie einiger von der Atomanordnung im Kristallgitter bestimmter optischer Werte.
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUORO‐N‐PROPYLBROMINE(V) TETRAFLUORIDE
Authors: HABIBI M. H. , SAMS L. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPerfluorpropylbromid (I) wird mit elementarem Fluor zum Perfluorpropylbrom(V)‐tetrafluorid oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: FULVENES, FULVALENES. 32. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF SUBSTITUTED METHYLENECYCLOPROPANES; ISOLATION OF A (4 + 2)‐CYCLOADDUCT OF METHYLENECYCLOPROPENE
Authors: WEBER A. , NEUENSCHWANDER M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Umsetzung des Cyclopropans (I) und MeI mit BuLi wird (II) isoliert, das mit tBuOK die Zwischenstufe (III) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐BENZOXATHIOLES. A SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF 3‐SUBSTITUTED 2‐HYDROXYBENZENETHIOLS
Authors: BERNARD A. M. , CABIDDU S. , PIRAS P. P. , SOTGIU F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Benzoxathiol (I) erhält man nach Metallierung durch Reaktion mit Kohlendioxid die Carbonsäure (II), aus der die Reaktionsprodukte (III) sowie durch Hydrolyse die Thiophenole (IV) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND SOME REACTIONS OF 3‐CYANO‐4‐PHENYL‐6‐(1′(2′‐METHOXYNAPHTHALENYL))‐2‐PYRIDONE
Authors: ESSAWY A. , EL‐GARBY YOUNES M. , HEIKAL A. Z. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Kondensation des Chalkons (I) mit Cyanessigsäureethylester (II) und Ammoniumacetat (III) führt bei 160°C zu einem Gemisch aus den Pyridonen (IV) und (VI) und dem Piperidon (V), während bei 80°C in Benzol nur das 2‐Oxotetrahydropyridin‐derivat (VII) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL TETRACYCLIC SPIROPIPERIDINES. II. SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ARYL‐2,3‐DIHYDROSPIRO(BENZOFURAN‐3,4′‐PIPERIDINES)
Authors: ONG H. H. , AGNEW M. N. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract2‐Fluorbenzylcyanid (I) liefert mit 2,2′‐Dichlor‐N‐ methyl‐diethylamin das kondensierte Piperidin (II), das zu den Ketonen (III) durch Grignardreaktion umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 26‐HALO‐, 26‐(PHENYLSELENO)‐ AND 26‐INDOLYL CHOLESTEROL ANALOGS
Authors: ARUNACHALAM T. , MACKOUL P. J. , GREEN N. M. , CASPI E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDiosgenin (I) wird mit Zn/HCl zu Diol (II) gespalten, dessen Oxidation die beiden Oxo‐Derivate (III) und (IV) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF THE ANTITUMOR 6H‐PYRIDO(4,3‐B)CARBAZOLE ALKALOID ELLIPTICINE
Authors: KANO S. , SUGINO E. , SHIBUYA S. , HIBINO S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus den Indolen (I) entstehen die Sulfonamide (II), die nach Metallierung und Reaktion mit Anhydriden die Ketone (III) ergeben, welche in die Methylenverbindungen (IV) umgewandelt werden.
Inverse general Chebyshev bandpass filters
Authors: Xiao Fei 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn this paper, the synthesis of inverse general Chebyshev bandpass filters is discussed. Unlike general Chebyshev filters that flexibly place transmission zeros to mainly control the performance of the filters in the stopband and keep constant ripple in the passband, inverse general Chebyshev filters are featured by flexible placement of reflection zeros in the passband and keep constant ripple in the stopband. Two approaches to directly derive filtering polynomials of inverse general Chebyshev bandpass filters in the bandpass domain are discussed in detail. By applying the zero‐extraction method, these filtering polynomials could be realized through appropriate networks. Finally, two examples are presented for demonstration.
Isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐Glucuronide Suppresses JNK and p38 Activation and Increases Heme‐Oxygenase‐1 in Lipopolysaccharide‐Challenged RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Park Jin‐Young , Kim Song‐In , Lee Hee Jae , Kim Sung‐Soo , Kwon Yong‐Soo , Chun Wanjoo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Isorhanmetin (ISH) exhibits a wide range of biological properties including anticancer, anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, the pharmacological properties of isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide (IG), a glycoside derivative of ISH, have not been extensively examined. The objective of this study was to examine the anti‐inflammatory properties of IG and its underlying mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐challenged RAW264.7 macrophage cells in comparison with its aglycone, ISH. IG suppressed LPS‐induced extracellular secretion of the proinflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2, and proinflammatory protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2. IG also increased expression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). IG attenuated LPS‐induced activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 in a concentration‐dependent manner with negligible suppression of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that IG exerts anti‐inflammatory activity by increasing HO‐1 expression and by suppressing JNK and p38 signaling pathways in LPS‐challenged RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Drug Dev Res 77 : 143–151, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flash‐flood potential: a proxy for crayfish habitat stability
Authors: Pârvulescu Lucian , Zaharia Claudia , Groza Marius‐Ioan , Csillik Ovidiu , Satmari Alina , Drăguţ Lucian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe strength of a population resides in the resilience of its individuals and is closely related to the stability of its habitat. Stream macro‐invertebrates are sensitive to environmental changes concerning habitat stability; thus, they require shelter to prevent drift during severe floods. We propose a novel approach to estimate the impact of flash floods upon the substrate, by introducing a variable named ‘flash‐flood potential’ (FFP), which accounts for the site slope and the average slope of the upstream catchment. We investigate the impact of this variable on the distribution of two important crayfish species, Austropotamobius torrentium and Astacus astacus, in Romania. We focus on the connection between crayfish abundance and FFP, and also on the role of the individuals' body size in shelter allocation, considering shelter stability as a key factor in coping with the disturbances. The results show that both species are sensitive to influence of the FFP, A. torrentium apparently having a slight advantage. The size of populations visibly decreased with the increase of FFP, those in the upper range having few individuals, which were mainly found in very stable shelters. Individual analyses reveal that the most durable shelters were generally occupied by the largest crayfish. We hypothesize that the competition for shelter is an indirect driver for preventing the drift of crayfish populations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic tools for setting environmental flows at the regional scale: application of the ELOHA framework in a Mediterranean river basin
Authors: Solans M. Alba , García de Jalón D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEcological limits of hydrological alteration (ELOHA) framework aims to set limits of hydrologic alteration based on empirical hydroecological relationships built along flow impairment gradients. These relationships can be specific for different natural flow regime types. The object of our study is testing the ELOHA method in the Ebro River Basin. Seven flow alteration–ecological response curves were obtained in the present study as preliminary guidelines for developing and calibrating environmental flow standards in the Ebro River Basin. For continental Mediterranean‐pluvial flow regime mean monthly flow in March was related to Plecoptera abundance (ELOHAs ±21% from baseline), and high flow magnitude and frequency were closely related to Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera richness (ELOHAs for high flow magnitude and frequency were +18 and +54% the reference central value respectively). For nivo‐pluvial flow regime, high flow magnitude was found indicative of macroinvertebrate biodiversity and Coleoptera abundance (ELOHAS −12 and +23% from central reference value respectively). And for pluvio‐oceanic flow regime, mean monthly flow in January was indicative of the proportion of Gastropoda, Oligochaeta and Diptera taxa (GOLD index) (ELOHA +17% from baseline). These hydrological limits are endorsed by recent international reference works. Flow alteration–ecological relationships presented here were constructed from real monthly flow data records and macroinvertebrate samples at family level. ELOHA values obtained in this study pretend to be a starting point for implementing an environmental flow regime program in the Ebro River Basin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient journey after admission for acute heart failure: length of stay, 30‐day readmission and 90‐day mortality
Authors: Davison Beth A. , Metra Marco , Senger Stefanie , Edwards Christopher , Milo Olga , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Cleland John G. , Dittrich Howard C. , Givertz Michael M. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Massie Barry M. , Ponikowski Piotr , Teerlink John R. , Voors Adriaan A. , Cotter Gad 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsThe course of patients following admission for acute heart failure (AHF) is of major importance to patients and healthcare providers. We examined predictors and associations of length of stay (LOS), 30‐day post‐discharge readmission and 90‐day post‐discharge mortality in 1990 patients enrolled in the PROTECT study.Methods and resultsPROTECT was a randomized study that examined the effect of the adenosine blocker rolofylline in patients within 24 h of admission for AHF with mild to moderate renal impairment. Geographic‐region‐adjusted multivariable models showed that LOS was only partly explained by the severity of heart failure (HF), comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, renal impairment, ischaemic heart disease) and degree of metabolic dysfunction (cholesterol and albumin) at baseline (adjusted R2 0.27). Addition of in‐hospital worsening heart failure (WHF) and changes in metabolic markers contributed significantly to prediction of LOS [R2 difference 0.050, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0282–0.072]. Thirty‐day HF readmission was associated with more severe HF and previous HF admission but not with LOS (odds ratios 1.00, 95% CI 0.97–1.04). Death within 90 days after discharge was associated with older age, more severe HF, worse renal function, and lower sodium and bicarbonate at admission; LOS was a strong predictor of 90‐day post‐discharge mortality.ConclusionsIn patients admitted for AHF, LOS is not well‐predicted by traditional markers of disease severity, but strongly associated with the occurrence of in‐hospital WHF. Longer LOS is a strong predictor of early mortality after discharge but not of readmission. These findings may help focus efforts to reduce LOS and post‐discharge outcomes on patients' subgroups at increased risk.
Monte Carlo–based quantitative structure–activity relationship models for toxicity of organic chemicals to Daphnia magna
Authors: Toropova Alla P. , Toropov Andrey A. , Veselinović Aleksandar M. , Veselinović Jovana B. , Leszczynska Danuta , Leszczynski Jerzy 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) for toxicity of a large set of 758 organic compounds to Daphnia magna were built up. The simplified molecular input-line entry system (SMILES) was used to represent the molecular structure. The Correlation and Logic (CORAL) software was utilized as a tool to develop the QSAR models. These models are built up using the Monte Carlo method and according to the principle “QSAR is a random event” if one checks a group of random distributions in the visible training set and the invisible validation set. Three distributions of the data into the visible training, calibration, and invisible validation sets are examined. The predictive potentials (i.e., statistical characteristics for the invisible validation set of the best model) are as follows: n = 87, r2 = 0.8377, root mean square error = 0.564. The mechanistic interpretations and the domain of applicability of built models are suggested and discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2691–2697. © 2016 SETAC
Treed Avalanche Forecasting: Mitigating Avalanche Danger Utilizing Bayesian Additive Regression Trees
Authors: Blattenberger Gail , Fowles Richard 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLittle Cottonwood Canyon Highway is a dead‐end, two‐lane road leading to Utah's Alta and Snowbird ski resorts. It is the only road access to these resorts and is heavily traveled during the ski season. Professional avalanche forecasters monitor this road throughout the ski season in order to make road closure decisions in the face of avalanche danger. Forecasters at the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) avalanche guard station at Alta have maintained an extensive daily winter database on explanatory variables relating to avalanche prediction. Whether or not an avalanche crosses the road is modeled in this paper via Bayesian additive tree methods. Utilizing daily winter data from 1995 to 2011, results show that using Bayesian tree analysis outperforms traditional statistical methods in terms of realized misclassification costs that take into consideration asymmetric losses arising from two types of error. Closing the road when an avalanche does not occur is an error harmful to resort owners, and not closing the road when one does may result in injury or death. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dihydrotestosterone treatment rescues the decline in protein synthesis as a result of sarcopenia in isolated mouse skeletal muscle fibres
Authors: Wendowski Oskar , Redshaw Zoe , Mutungi Gabriel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, the progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function with age, is a debilitating condition. It leads to inactivity, falls, and loss of independence. Despite this, its cause(s) and the underlying mechanism(s) are still poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, small skeletal muscle fibre bundles isolated from the extensor digitorum longus (a fast‐twitch muscle) and the soleus (a slow‐twitch muscle) of adult mice of different ages (range 100–900 days old) were used to investigate the effects of ageing and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment on protein synthesis as well as the expression and function of two amino acid transporters; the sodium‐coupled neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT) 2, and the sodium‐independent L‐type amino‐acid transporter (LAT) 2.ResultsAt all ages investigated, protein synthesis was always higher in the slow‐twitch than in the fast‐twitch muscle fibres and decreased with age in both fibre types. However, the decline was greater in the fast‐twitch than in the slow‐twitch fibres and was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of SNAT2 and LAT2 at the protein level. Again, the decrease in the expression of the amino acid transporters was greater in the fast‐twitch than in the slow‐twitch fibres. In contrast, ageing had no effect on SNAT2 and LAT2 expressions at the mRNA level. Treating the muscle fibre bundles with physiological concentrations (~2 nM) of DHT for 1 h completely reversed the effects of ageing on protein synthesis and the expression of SNAT2 and LAT2 protein in both fibre types.ConclusionFrom the observations that ageing is accompanied by a reduction in protein synthesis and transporter expression and that these effects are reversed by DHT treatment, we conclude that sarcopenia arises from an age‐dependent reduction in protein synthesis caused, in part, by the lack of or by the low bioavailability of the male sex steroid, DHT.
Reshaping Migrant Labour Market Geographies: Local Regularisations and the Informal Economy
Authors: Visser M. Anne 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRegularisation remains a strategic site for studying the political economy of migrant socio‐economic incorporation. Research suggests that immigrant regularisation policies improve labour market opportunities for undocumented migrant workers in host societies – particularly those engaged in the informal economy. However, research on regularisation remains focused on national‐level policy efforts, despite increased political activity by sub‐national levels of government on immigration issues across migrant‐receiving societies. This article identifies and examines local migrant labour market regularisations – a new political geography of labour market regulation – and explores the potential of these policies to influence labour market mobility and opportunity for irregular migrants in the US. Using data on 5,528 policy ordinances across 3,067 city, counties, and states, implementation trends across four local migrant labour market regularisation policy domains were analysed for the time period 2001–2014. Case studies of local‐level government activism within each policy domain are also presented. Findings indicate that the implementation of local migrant labour market regularisations in the US has become increasingly unfavourable towards migrant workers and that within these new political geographies, local governments are emerging as central actors in shaping migrant labour market opportunities. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications these new political geographies present for the economic incorporation of irregular migrants and their role in constructing a new scalar reality of migrant labour market regulation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase Behavior of Ascorbyl Palmitate Coagels Loaded with Oligonucleotides as a New Carrier for Vaccine Adjuvants
Authors: Ullio Gamboa Gabriela V. , Benedini Luciano A. , Schulz Pablo C. , Allemandi Daniel A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this work, the phase behavior variations of an ascorbyl palmitate (Asc16) system in aqueous solution were analyzed when immunologically active hydrophilic compounds (CpG and OVA) were introduced. This study was carried out through optical polarizing microscopy (OPM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different temperatures and over a broad range of concentrations. The combination of both techniques allowed the determination of a complete phase diagram which was compared with those built for Asc16‐water system and it was demonstrated that fixed concentrations of hydrophilic compounds (300 and 24 µg/g for CpG‐ODN and OVA respectively) generate two lamellar liquid crystals, a cubic liquid crystal phase, and also other aggregates. However, no changes were observed in the phase diagram in terms of formation of new mesophases. The aqueous phase behavior was also studied as a function of surfactant and temperature. DSC and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) measurements show differences in the free water and mainly in the secondary hydration layer, which confirm that the studied compounds are situated in the aqueous domain. The construction and analysis of Asc16 phase diagrams with a fixed concentration of CpG‐ODN/OVA allows the comprehension of Asc16 phase behavior and could be easily adapted to other concentrations. Moreover, these findings could be extrapolated to other hydrophilic substances in aqueous solution introduced in liquid crystal phases since they follow a similar behavior as those reported in the literature.
Influence of molecular weight of modified ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene with Cu(II) chelate of bissalicylaldehydeethylenediamine on wear-resistant materials
Authors: Liu Min , Wu Li , Zhang Fuqing , Fu Jing 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Reciprocating friction and wear performances of pure ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylenes (UHMWPEs) with molecular weights (MWs) of 2, 3, 5, and 9 million and their modified UHMWPEs with 15 wt.% Cu(II) chelate of bissalicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine (add1) against titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) were investigated under boundary lubrication with 25 vol.% calf serum deionized water solution. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of purchased UHMWPE powders was performed. The enthalpy changed with an increase in MW. UH300 had the lowest temperature of an extrapolated peak and the best peak symmetry in DSC analysis. The friction coefficient curves of molded pure and modified UHMWPEs/Ti6Al4V were compared, and the volume loss by the wear of polymers was measured. 3D topographies of the worn surfaces of polymers and images of the worn surfaces of polymers and titanium alloy against polymers were analyzed by confocal white light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results showed that the influence of MW of UHMWPE was obvious on the friction and wear characteristics of pure UHMWPEs and 15% add1 UHMWPEs. An MW of 3 million was the best to reduce the friction of rubbing pairs, enhance the wear resistance of pure UHMWPEs and 15% add1-UHMWPEs, and improve the mating properties of Ti6Al4V.