bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant protection means used in organic farming throughout the European Union
Authors: Matyjaszczyk Ewa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFollowing the obligatory implementation of integrated pest management in the European Union (EU), the plant protection means suitable for application in organic agriculture attracted the attention of quite a wide group of potential users. In spite of the common rules of organic production, as well as the uniform principles of placing plant protection products on the market, the availability of products that can be legally used in organic crop protection differs significantly among the Member States. There is a uniform list of 10 basic substances that can be used in the protection of organic crops throughout the entire EU. Twelve Member States have official registers of plant protection products for use in organic agriculture, and the total number of qualified products per country varies from 11 in Lithuania to 576 in Italy. Some products that improve plant vigour or resistance and may be of use in protection of organic crops are placed on the market as biostimulants. They fall under the law that governs fertilisers and the systems of their registration vary widely among the Member States. In addition, there exist a number of products that have been legally introduced onto the markets of some Member States without registration as a consequence of a loophole in the law. The use of unregistered products in organic agriculture raises some doubts, but currently it seems that there is no legal basis on which to explicitly prohibit the practice. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Coherence region of the Priority‐AND gate: Analytical and numerical examples
Authors: Chiacchio Ferdinando , Aizpurua Jose Ignacio , D'Urso Diego , Compagno Lucio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn recent years, the need for a more accurate dependability modelling (encompassing reliability, availability, maintenance, and safety) has favoured the emergence of novel dynamic dependability techniques able to account for temporal and stochastic dependencies of a system. One of the most successful and widely used methods is Dynamic Fault Tree that, with the introduction of the dynamic gates, enables the analysis of dynamic failure logic systems such as fault‐tolerant or reconfigurable systems. Among the dynamic gates, Priority‐AND (PAND) is one of the most frequently used gates for the specification and analysis of event sequences. Despite the numerous modelling contributions addressing the resolution of the PAND gate, its failure logic and the consequences for the coherence behaviour of the system need to be examined to understand its effects for engineering decision‐making scenarios including design optimization and sensitivity analysis. Accordingly, the aim of this short communication is to analyse the coherence region of the PAND gate so as to determine the coherence bounds and improve the efficacy of the dynamic dependability modelling process.
Vertical landing for micro air vehicles using event‐based optical flow
Authors: Pijnacker Hordijk Bas J. , Scheper Kirk Y. W. , de Croon Guido C. H. E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSmall flying robots can perform landing maneuvers using bio‐inspired optical flow by maintaining a constant divergence. However, optical flow is typically estimated from frame sequences recorded by standard miniature cameras. This requires processing full images onboard, which limits the update rate of divergence measurements and thus the speed of the control loop and the robot. Event‐based cameras overcome these limitations by only measuring pixel‐level brightness changes at microsecond temporal accuracy, hence providing an efficient mechanism for optical flow estimation. This paper presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first work integrating event‐based optical flow estimation into the control loop of a flying robot. We extend an existing “local plane fitting” algorithm to obtain an improved and more computationally efficient optical flow estimation method, which is valid for a wide range of optical flow velocities. This method is validated for real event sequences. In addition, a method for estimating the divergence from event‐based optical flow is introduced that accounts for the aperture problem. The developed algorithms are implemented in a constant divergence landing controller onboard a quadrotor. Experiments show that, using event‐based optical flow, accurate divergence estimates can be obtained over a wide range of speeds. This enables the quadrotor to perform very fast landing maneuvers.
Low Temperature Synthesis of Large‐Size Anatase TiO2 Nanosheets with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Tang Xiao , Chu Wanyi , Qian Jueshi , Lin Jingcheng , Cao Guozhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTiO2 nanosheets have continuously been intriguing due to their high surface activities as photocatalyst but still challenging to synthesis large‐scale 2D nanostructures. A special microstructure evolution of TiO2, ripening in aqueous solution at low temperature (≈4 °C), is found for the first time, i.e., from the initial aperiodic atom‐networks gradually into low crystallized continuous spongy structure with small crystal facets and ultimately forming large‐size anatase nanosheets with exposed (101) and (200) facets. Based on this finding, the synthesized anatase TiO2 nanosheets possess monodispersed large‐scale 2D nanostructure so as to exhibit appreciable quantum size effects and remarkable enhanced optical absorption capacity. Using photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) as the probe reaction to evaluate photocatalytic activities of the TiO2 nanosheets, the reductivity of Cr (VI) achieves 99.8% in 15 min under irradiation of 200–800 nm light. At the same time, an in situ Cr (III)‐doping occurs spontaneously and triggers pronounced visible light driven photocatalysis, reducing 99% of Cr (VI) in 100 min under irradiation of 400–800 nm light.
Polydopamine Based Colloidal Materials: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Deng Ziwei , Shang Bin , Peng Bo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPolydopamine is a synthetic analogue of natural melanin (eumelanin) produced from oxidative polymerization of dopamine. Owing to its strong adhesion ability, versatile chemical reactivity, biocompatibility and biodegradation, polydopamine is commonly applied as a versatile linker to synthesize colloidal materials with diverse structures, unique physicochemical properties and tunable functions, which allow for a broad scope of applications including biomedicine, sensing, catalysis, environment and energy. In this personal account, we discuss first about the different synthetic approaches of polydopamine, as well as its polymerization mechanism, and then with a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the synthesis and applications of polydopamine‐based colloidal materials. Finally, we summarize this personal account with future perspectives.
Weak gravity conjecture, multiple point principle and the standard model landscape
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Shiu Gary 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The requirement for an ultraviolet completable theory to be well-behaved upon compactification has been suggested as a guiding principle for distinguishing the landscape from the swampland. Motivated by the weak gravity conjecture and the multiple point principle, we investigate the vacuum structure of the standard model compactified on S
1 and T
2. The measured value of the Higgs mass implies, in addition to the electroweak vacuum, the existence of a new vacuum where the Higgs field value is around the Planck scale. We explore two- and three-dimensional critical points of the moduli potential arising from compactifications of the electroweak vacuum as well as this high scale vacuum, in the presence of Majorana/Dirac neutrinos and/or axions. We point out potential sources of instability for these lower dimensional critical points in the standard model landscape. We also point out that a high scale AdS4 vacuum of the Standard Model, if exists, would be at odd with the conjecture that all non-supersymmetric AdS vacua are unstable. We argue that, if we require a degeneracy between three- and four-dimensional vacua as suggested by the multiple point principle, the neutrinos are predicted to be Dirac, with the mass of the lightest neutrino

$$ \approx \mathcal{O}\left(1-10\right) $$

≈
O

1
−
10

meV, which may be tested by future CMB, large scale structure and 21cm line observations.
The Promise and Perils of Population Research on Same-Sex Families
Authors: Reczek Corinne , Spiker Russell , Liu Hui , Crosnoe Robert 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
As a follow-up to our 2016 study, this article presents new findings examining the relationship between same-sex family structure and child health using the 2008–2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). After discussing NIHS data problems, we examine the relationship between family structure and a broad range of child well-being outcomes, including school days lost, behavior, parent-rated health, emotional difficulties, and activity limitations. We find both similarities (school days lost, behavior, parent-rated health) and differences (emotional difficulties and activity limitations) across our two studies using different survey years, but our overall conclusions are robust. We further discuss the implications of our findings for future research on this topic, including how to account for biological relatedness in a study on child health in same-sex families.
Novel IT Application for Reverse Triage Selection: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pollaris Gwen , Note Stéphanie , Desruelles Didier , Sabbe Marc 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an evidence-based information technology (IT) application that guides clinical decision-making during the reverse-triage selection process in mass casualty incidents.MethodsBased upon 28 validated critical interventions (CI) relevant for determining whether a patient qualifies for early discharge, we developed the Reverse Triage Tool of Leuven (RTTL). The RTTL is compatible with the health electronic record (HER) of UZ Leuven, a tertiary hospital in Belgium. During a 3-week period in March 2015, we registered data from 2 groups of patients: a random group (no RTTL usage) and a filtered group (RTTL usage).ResultsWhen applying the original 28 CIs, we were able to select almost twice as many patients in the filtered group who qualified for early discharge compared with patients in the random group. The predictive validity was highly satisfactory.ConclusionsThe RTTL saves time in 2 ways. First, it reduces the patient population that needs to be evaluated for potential early discharge to one-third. Second, it doubles the probability of selecting an actual dischargeable patient. Each selected patient, however, still must undergo multidisciplinary reassessment in order to qualify for early discharge. Thus, further research is required to optimize the IT application.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:599–605)
Cultural Universals and Cultural Differences in Meta-Norms about Peer Punishment
Authors: Eriksson Kimmo , Strimling Pontus , Andersson Per A. , Aveyard Mark , Brauer Markus , Gritskov Vladimir , Kiyonari Toko , Kuhlman David M. , Maitner Angela T. , Manesi Zoi , Molho Catherine , Peperkoorn Leonard S. , Rizwan Muhammad , Stivers Adam W. , Tian Qirui , Van Lange Paul A. M. , Vartanova Irina , Wu Junhui , Yamagishi Toshio 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTViolators of cooperation norms may be informally punished by their peers. How such norm enforcement is judged by others can be regarded as a meta-norm (i.e., a second-order norm). We examined whether meta-norms about peer punishment vary across cultures by having students in eight countries judge animations in which an agent who over-harvested a common resource was punished either by a single peer or by the entire peer group. Whether the punishment was retributive or restorative varied between two studies, and findings were largely consistent across these two types of punishment. Across all countries, punishment was judged as more appropriate when implemented by the entire peer group than by an individual. Differences between countries were revealed in judgments of punishers vs. non-punishers. Specifically, appraisals of punishers were relatively negative in three Western countries and Japan, and more neutral in Pakistan, UAE, Russia, and China, consistent with the influence of individualism, power distance, and/or indulgence. Our studies constitute a first step in mapping how meta-norms vary around the globe, demonstrating both cultural universals and cultural differences.
Preparation and Dating of Mortar Samples—Mortar Dating Inter-Comparison Study (MODIS)
Authors: Hajdas Irka , Lindroos Alf , Heinemeier Jan , Ringbom Åsa , Marzaioli Fabio , Terrasi Filippo , Passariello Isabella , Capano Manuela , Artioli Gilberto , Addis Anna , Secco Michele , Michalska Danuta , Czernik Justyna , Goslar Tomasz , Hayen Roald , Van Strydonck Mark , Fontaine Laurent , Boudin Mathieu , Maspero Francesco , Panzeri Laura , Galli Anna , Urbanová Petra , Guibert Pierre 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSeven radiocarbon laboratories: Åbo/Aarhus, CIRCE, CIRCe, ETHZ, Poznań, RICH, and Milano-Bicocca performed separation of carbonaceous fractions suitable for14C dating of four mortar samples selected for the MOrtar Dating Inter-comparison Study (MODIS). In addition, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) analyses were completed by Milano-Bicocca and IRAMAT-CRP2A Bordeaux. Each laboratory performed separation according to laboratory protocol. Results of this first intercomparison show that even though consistent14C ages were obtained by different laboratories, two mortars yielded ages different than expected from the archaeological context.
Uptake of Carbon for Cellulose Production in a White Oak from Western Oregon, USA
Authors: Cain William F , Griffin Sheila , Druffel-Rodriguez Kevin C , Druffel Ellen R M 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report ∆14C measurements of cellulose extracted from near monthly tree ring growth for the 1960s of a white oak that grew in western Oregon, USA. Comparison with ∆14C measurements of atmospheric CO2 reveals that the tree ring ∆14C values were equal to or lower than those in atmospheric CO2 at the time of ring formation. We suggest that the low tree ring ∆14C values during the period 1962–1963 were caused by the presence of an atmospheric front or blocking between subpolar and temperate air masses that delayed the arrival of the bomb signal at the tree’s site.
THE EVOLUTION OF ENERGY DEMAND IN BRITAIN: POLITICS, DAILY LIFE, AND PUBLIC HOUSING, 1920s–1970s
Authors: TRENTMANN FRANK , CARLSSON-HYSLOP ANNA 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article offers a fresh perspective on the evolution of energy consumption in Britain from the 1920s to the 1970s. The twentieth century witnessed a series of energy transitions – from wood and coal to gas, electricity, and oil – that have transformed modern lives. The literature has primarily followed supply, networks, and technologies. We need to know more about people and their homes in this story, because it was here where energy was used. The article investigates the forces that shaped domestic demand by focusing on working-class households in public housing. It examines the interaction between political frameworks, public housing infrastructures, and the changing norms and practices of people's daily lives. It connects social and political history with material culture and compares the different paths taken in London, Stocksbridge, and Stevenage in the provision of gas, electricity, and heating. Evidence collected by local authorities is used to analyse the uptake, use, and resistance to changes in domestic infrastructures, such as gas-lit coke ovens and central heating. The case-studies make a more general pitch for a new historical study of energy that places people's lifestyles, their ideas of comfort, and political attempts to change them more squarely at the centre of inquiry.
Identification and confirmation of greenbug resistance loci in an advanced mapping population of sorghum
Authors: PUNNURI SOMASHEKHAR , HUANG YINGHUA 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYGreenbug infestations to sorghum can cause severe and above economic threshold damage in the Great Plains of the United States. The current study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and potential candidate genes residing within the QTL region responsible for greenbug resistance in an advanced mapping population. Inter-crossed populations are useful in detecting QTLs tightly linked to genetic markers with high resolution. In the current study, QTLs responsible for greenbug resistance in sorghum were mapped using an inter-cross population derived from two parents, BTx623 (greenbug-susceptible line) and PI 607900 (greenbug-resistant line). Molecular markers for 115 loci were used to construct a linkage map which eventually facilitated tagging portions of the sorghum genome regions responsible for greenbug resistance. The molecular genetic map covered all the chromosomes of sorghum with a total genome length of 963·0 cM. The advanced mapping population revealed and confirmed the location of greenbug resistance loci, which explained a high phenotypic variation from 72·9 to 80·9% of greenbug resistance. The loci for greenbug resistance were mapped to the region flanked by markers Starssbnm 93 and Starssbnm 102 on chromosome 9 with an increased allelic effect from the resistant parent. The locations of these loci were compared with a previous study on QTL analysis using an F2mapping population. The results from the present study were in agreement with the findings in the F2QTL analysis and identified QTLs had a better confidence interval. The markers/QTLs identified from the current study can be effectively utilized in marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning experiments.
Grey matter volume and thickness abnormalities in young people with a history of childhood abuse
Authors: Lim L. , Hart H. , Mehta M. , Worker A. , Simmons A. , Mirza K. , Rubia K. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundChildhood abuse is associated with abnormalities in brain structure and function. Few studies have investigated abuse-related brain abnormalities in medication-naïve, drug-free youth that also controlled for psychiatric comorbidities by inclusion of a psychiatric control group, which is crucial to disentangle the effects of abuse from those associated with the psychiatric conditions.MethodsCortical volume (CV), cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) were measured in 22 age- and gender-matched medication-naïve youth (aged 13–20) exposed to childhood abuse, 19 psychiatric controls matched for psychiatric diagnoses and 27 healthy controls. Both region-of-interest (ROI) and whole-brain analyses were conducted.ResultsFor the ROI analysis, the childhood abuse group compared with healthy controls only, had significantly reduced CV in bilateral cerebellum and reduced CT in left insula and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). At the whole-brain level, relative to healthy controls, the childhood abuse group showed significantly reduced CV in left lingual, pericalcarine, precuneus and superior parietal gyri, and reduced CT in left pre-/postcentral and paracentral regions, which furthermore correlated with greater abuse severity. They also had increased CV in left inferior and middle temporal gyri relative to healthy controls. Abnormalities in the precuneus, temporal and precentral regions were abuse-specific relative to psychiatric controls, albeit at a more lenient level. Groups did not differ in SA.ConclusionsChildhood abuse is associated with widespread structural abnormalities in OFC–insular, cerebellar, occipital, parietal and temporal regions, which likely underlie the abnormal affective, motivational and cognitive functions typically observed in this population.
Plato Laws 3.680B–C: Antisthenes, The Cyclopes and Homeric Exegesis
Authors: Prauscello Lucia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn Laws 3.680b–c the Athenian Stranger's positive evaluation of the Cyclopean ‘way of life’ (Od. 9.112–15) is deeply indebted to Antisthenes’ interpretatio Homerica of the Cyclopes as ‘just’ insofar they do not have the need of written law. Antisthenes’ equation of ‘need of law’ with ‘need of written law’ is then contextualized within the unresolved tension, in the legislative project of the Laws, between oral dissemination (‘proems’ to the laws) and the potentially coercive power of the written text. Finally, Megillus’ inept reply to the Homeric quotation by the Athenian Stranger allows us to gain a more nuanced view of the ‘readerly’ dynamics enacted by the internal audience of the Laws.
Modelling the temperature in joint friction of industrial manipulators
Authors: Simoni Luca , Beschi Manuel , Legnani Giovanni , Visioli Antonio 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a new model for joint dynamic friction of industrial robot manipulators is presented. In particular, the effects of the temperature in the joints are considered. A polynomial-based model is proposed and the parameter estimation is performed without the need of a joint temperature sensor. The use of an observer is then proposed to compensate for the uncertainty in the initial estimation of the temperature value. A large experimental campaign show that the model, in spite of the simplifying assumptions made, is effective in estimating the joint temperature and therefore the friction torque during the robot operations, even for values of velocities that have not been previously employed.
How children learn to produce appropriate referring expressions in narratives: the role of clarification requests and modeling
Authors: CARMIOL Ana M. , MATTHEWS Danielle , RODRÍGUEZ-VILLAGRA Odir A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAsking children to clarify themselves promotes their ability to uniquely identify objects in referential communication tasks. However, little is known about whether parents ask preschoolers for clarification during interactions and, if so, how. Study 1 explored how mothers clarify their preschoolers’ ambiguous descriptions of the characters in their narratives, and whether clarification requests affect children's repairs of their ambiguous descriptions. Mothers were found to use different strategies, including signaling misunderstanding and modeling appropriate descriptions. Presence of these different strategies predicted children's ability to provide informative repairs. Study 2 tested the effect of children's experience with signaling misunderstanding and modeling on their ability to uniquely identify the characters of a story on a second narration. Experiencing modeling, but not misunderstandings, positively affected children's provision of appropriate descriptions during second narrations. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of imitation in driving referential development.