bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the introduction of computerised physician order entry (CPOE) on the surveillance of restricted antimicrobials and compliance with policy
Authors: Metcalfe Julie , Lam Alice , Lam Skip S. H. , de Clifford Jan‐Marie , Schramm Petra 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrescribers at a 400‐bed metropolitan teaching hospital applied for approval to prescribe restricted antimicrobials using Guidance DS® (GDS), an electronic antimicrobial approval system (EAAS). The implementation of Cerner Millennium® (CM), a computerised physician order entry system (CPOE), necessitated a new but cumbersome workflow for prescribers. This prompted an evaluation of the value of a stand‐alone EAAS, which has no interface with a CPOE, for antimicrobial stewardship.AimThis study compares the performance of an EAAS and CPOE, used alone and in combination, for surveillance of restricted antimicrobials and compliance with antimicrobial restriction policy.MethodGeneral medical and surgical patients prescribed restricted antimicrobials over three defined periods were retrospectively recruited; period one (P1) used GDS plus National Inpatient Medication Chart, period two (P2), GDS plus CM, and period three (P3), CM alone. For each period, 100 medical and 100 surgical restricted antimicrobial orders were collected. Data collection included prescribing date, indication, approvals obtained, and time to approval. Surveillance rate and compliance was compared.ResultsThe introduction of CM improved surveillance from 10.5% (P1) to 65% (P2) and 100% (P3) via a CM reporting module (p < 0.0001). Compliance improved from 6% (P1), to 55% (P2) and 76% (P3) (p < 0.0001). Documentation of a clear/complete indication improved from 10% (P1) to 56.5% (P2) and 76.5% (P3) (p < 0.0001). Approvals obtained within 24 h of prescribing improved from 61.9% (P1), to 96.9% (P2), and 100% (P3).ConclusionCerner Millennium®, with customisation, optimises surveillance and significantly improves compliance with policy, negating the need for a stand‐alone EAAS.
Long‐Term Grazing Alters Soil Trace Gas Fluxes from Grasslands in the Foothills of the Rocky Mountains, Canada
Authors: Gao Xinlei , Thomas Ben W. , Beck Ryan , Thompson Don J. , Zhao Mengli , Willms Walter D. , Hao Xiying 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLong‐term cattle grazing may degrade grassland soils, but how soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes respond to long‐term cattle grazing is poorly understood. Therefore, we quantified soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in response to four levels (none, light, heavy, very heavy) of long‐term (>65 years) cattle grazing on a rough fescue grassland in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, Canada over three grazing seasons. The grazed grassland soils emitted 37 to 51% more CO2 than non‐grazed soils. Grazed grassland soils were small CH4 sinks and small N2O sources each season, and their cumulative fluxes were significantly affected by a cattle stocking rate × year interaction, indicating the grazing effect was influenced by environmental conditions. Soil CH4 uptake was negatively correlated with soil moisture (r = −0·59). The 2013 grazing season had about 41% greater precipitation than average and grazing significantly decreased CH4 uptake 31 to 38% compared with non‐grazed soils. The N2O emissions were 122 to 179% greater with heavy and very heavy grazing than none in the wet season, unaffected by grazing in the normal precipitation season and 72% lower with light grazing than none in the dry season. Predicting trace gas fluxes from grazed grassland soils across space and time is difficult because of interactions among weather conditions, edaphic properties and grazing intensity. However, long‐term cattle grazing increased soil CO2 fluxes, while the grazing effect on CH4 uptake depended on precipitation and the soil N2O flux responded as a function of grazing intensity and precipitation. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Land Degradation & Development Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Heterotrophic and mixotrophic nanoflagellates in a mesotrophic lake: Abundance and grazing impacts across season and depth
Authors: Princiotta Sarah DeVaul , Sanders Robert W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNanoflagellates are recognized as fundamental members of the planktonic microbial food web due to their contribution to photosynthetic fixation of carbon and phagotrophic ingestion of bacteria. Although the presence, and often dominance, of mixotrophic nutrition among phytoflagellates has been well documented within a variety of aquatic ecosystems and in a range of taxa, few studies have assessed the abundance and grazing impact of mixotrophs in comparison to their photosynthetic and heterotrophic counterparts across seasons at multiple depths. Abundance and, as appropriate, bacterivory of phototrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic nanoflagellates were quantified at three depths over a 15‐month period in Lake Lacawac (Pocono Mountains, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) via microscopic analysis of ingested bacterial surrogates. The absolute and relative abundances of all nanoflagellate trophic groups varied with season and depth, likely as a result of differences in physiological tolerance. Whereas the abundance of phototrophic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates varied with depth in both the presence and absence of thermal stratification, mixotrophic protists were evenly distributed throughout the water column during mixis. The abundances of phototrophic and mixotrophic protists were significantly correlated, but only in surface waters during periods of thermal stratification. Grazing rate and consequent impact by bacterivorous nanoflagellates varied with depth across season, particularly during thermal stratification. Mixotrophic bacterivory exceeded that of heterotrophs in the epi‐ and metalimnion during stratification, removing an estimated maximum of 80% of the bacterial standing stock d−1. The relative contribution of heterotrophic nanoflagellates to community bacterivory increased with depth, even during mixis, and dominated the grazing impact in the hypolimnion.
Influence of voids and impact damage on the fatigue behaviour of large scale composites
Authors: Protz R. , Kosmann N. , Fritsch D. , Fey P. , Essig W. , Dietrich K. , Gude M. , Horst P. , Kreutzbruck M. , Schulte K. , Busse G. , Hufenbach W. , Fiedler B. 
Published: November 2016

Defects in laminated composite structures like voids and impact damages have a major influence on the fatigue behaviour. These defects may occur in the manufacturing process and during lifetime of composite parts and lead to matrix cracks within single layers and to delaminations between adjacent layers with different fibre orientations. We investigated the relationship between voids and impact damage and fatigue lifetime. Specimens made of a glass fibre non‐crimp fabric were produced by vacuum assisted resin infusion. Voids were introduced by air‐bypass simulating a leakage during the vacuum assisted resin infusion‐process. Impact damage was induced using a canon. Stringer‐panels with the basic dimensions of 1000 mm × 1200 mm and a radius of 1980 mm were tested under multiaxial load situations in a hexapod test rig and a tension/compression‐shear test rig.
Structure and absolute configuration of hydroxy‐bis‐dihydrofarinosin from Encelia farinosa
Authors: Ortega Alfredo R. , Ortiz‐Pastrana Naytzé , Quijano Leovigildo , Becerra‐Martínez Elvia , Olmedo‐Aguirre José O. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe structure of the dimeric eudesmanolide hydroxy‐bis‐dihydrofarinosin (1) from Encelia farinosa followed after contrasting their 1H and 13C NMR spectra with those of encelin (6), hydroxy‐bis‐dihydroencelin (3), and farinosin (4). Structure 1 was verified by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, which further provided the stereochemistry of the hydroxy group at C‐4. Comparison of the experimental vibrational circular dichroism spectrum of its derived diacetate 2 with that calculated by density functional theory provided the absolute configuration, which resulted the same as that of its biogenetic precursor 4. Evaluation of several chemical shift differences between the two eudesmanolide fragments of 1 and 3 allows also ascertaining the yet not reported absolute configuration of the C‐4 stereogenic center of 3. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A metabolic way to investigate related hurdles causing poor bioavailability in oral delivery of isoacteoside in rats employing ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Cui Qingling , Pan Yingni , Yan Xiaowei , Qu Bao , Liu Xiaoqiu , Xiao Wei 
Published: November 2016

RationaleIsoacteoside (ISAT), a phenylethanoid glycoside that acts as the principal bioactive component in traditional Chinese medicines, possesses broad pharmacological effects such as neuroprotective, antihypertensive and hepatoprotective activities. However, its pharmaceutical development has been severely limited due to the poor oral bioavailability. It is essential and significant to investigate related hurdles leading to the poor bioavailability of isoacteoside.MethodsWhole animal metabolism studies were conducted in rats, followed by metabolic mechanism including gastrointestinal stability, intestinal flora metabolism and intestinal enzyme metabolism employing the powerful method ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF‐MS/MS).ResultsA simple, rapid and sensitive method has been developed which comprehensively revealed the underlying cause of poor bioavailability of ISAT in a metabolic manner. The prototype of ISAT and its combined metabolites have not been detected in plasma. Furthermore, the residual content of the parent compound in in vitro experiments was approximately 59%, 5% and barely none in intestinal bacteria, intestinal S9 and simulated intestinal juice at 6 h, respectively.ConclusionsThe present work has demonstrated that the factors causing the poor bioavailability of isoacteoside should be attributed to the metabolism. In general, the metabolism that resulted from intestinal flora and intestinal enzymes were predominant reasons giving rise to the poor bioavailability of ISAT, which also suggested that metabolites might be responsible for the excellent pharmacological effect of ISAT. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finding Adam in random growing trees
Authors: Bubeck Sébastien , Devroye Luc , Lugosi Gábor 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWe investigate algorithms to find the first vertex in large trees generated by either the uniform attachment or preferential attachment model. We require the algorithm to output a set of K vertices, such that, with probability at least , the first vertex is in this set. We show that for any ε, there exist such algorithms with K independent of the size of the input tree. Moreover, we provide almost tight bounds for the best value of K as a function of ε. In the uniform attachment case we show that the optimal K is subpolynomial in , and that it has to be at least superpolylogarithmic. On the other hand, the preferential attachment case is exponentially harder, as we prove that the best K is polynomial in . We conclude the paper with several open problems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 50, 158–172, 2017
Ultrafine CoO Embedded Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: A High Rate Anode for Li–Ion Battery
Authors: Bindumadhavan Kartick , Yeh Ming‐Hsiu , Chou Tsu‐chin , Chang Pei‐Yi , Doong Ruey‐an 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA novel and simple strategy for the synthesis of cobalt oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide (CoO‐rGO) nanocomposites was developed as a high performance anode for lithium ion battery (LIB). The CoO‐rGO nanocomposites were prepared by simultaneous reduction of GO and Co2+ in the presence of NaBH4. Addition of 15 wt% rGO produced a narrow size distribution of ultra‐fine CoO nanoparticles with nano‐dimensional contact between CoO and rGO leading to an excellent electrochemical performance. The reversible capacity of CoO‐rGO nanocomposites is between 1140 and 1260 mAh/g at the current density of 150 mA/g and sustained at 473 mAh/g at high current density of 2400 mA/g. In addition to the excellent rate capability of 15 wt% CoO‐rGO, a reversible capacity of 690 mAh/g is achieved at 600 mA/g after 60 cycles. In addition, XPS spectra and XRD patterns of CoO‐rGO after cycling clearly indicate the involvement of electrolyte into CoO nanoparticles during intercalation‐deintercalation cycling, and lead to the transformation of Co species from Co2+ to Co3+ for the enhanced electrochemical performance at high current density.
In Vitro Investigation of the Effect of Intracellular and Extracellular Magnetite Nanoparticles Subjected to Alternating Magnetic Field on MCF‐7 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Nakanishi Takuya , Matsuda Shofu , Kaneko Kisako , Zhang Hong , Osaka Tetsuya 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo evaluate the efficiency with which intra‐ and extracellular magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) induce cell death under an alternating magnetic field (AMF), we comparatively investigated two systems consisting of MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells and MNPs: one is a “simply‐added” system, which is essentially a simple mixture of cells and extracellular MNPs, and the other is a “pre‐cultivated” system that contains both intra‐ and extracellular MNPs. We also evaluated the effect of heating by thermostatic water bath (WB) on cell death in both systems. The degree of cell death was greater under heating with MNPs subjected to AMF than in the WB‐heating in both systems. At higher doses of MNPs, the degree of cell death was greater in the “pre‐cultivated” system than in the “simply‐added” system using both heating methods. The cellular uptake of MNPs induced slight cell damage and caused a high degree of cell death at higher temperatures. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed in the presence of internalized MNPs under the AMF and was suggested to be a result of the combined effect of intracellular heating and cellular damage by MNPs.
ZIF‐67 Derived Co3O4/rGO Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of H2O2 with High Sensitivity and Selectivity
Authors: Wu Meiyan , Hong Ying , Zang Xiaoxian , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this work, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) nanocrystal arrays were supported by graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets by a graphene assembly route. Then, ZIF‐67/GO was transformed into nanoporous Co3O4/rGO composites through calcination. Both ZIF‐67/GO and Co3O4/rGO were employed as active materials to modify glass carbon electrodes for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) non‐enzymatic sensor. The measurement results indicate that ZIF‐67/GO presented excellent electro‐catalytic activity towards H2O2 with a linear range of 0.1‐22.9 mM and a low detection limit of 1.92 mM. More important, the Co3O4/rGO modified GC electrode showed higher detection sensitivity for H2O2 and the limit of detection can be as low as 7.87 nM. Furthermore, ZIF‐67/GO and Co3O4/rGO modified electrodes both exhibited excellent selectivity in phosphate buffer solution and NaOH.
Potential Impact of Substituents on the Crystal Structures and Properties of Tl(I) Ferrocenyl/Picolyl‐Functionalized Dithiocarbamates; Tl⋯H‐CAnagostic Interactions
Authors: Manar Krishna K. , Rajput Gunjan , Yadav Manoj K. , Yadav Chote L. , Kumari Kavita , Drew Michael G. B. , Singh Nanhai 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNew ferrocenyl/pyridyl functionalized dithiocarbamate complexes, [Tl(dtc)]∞ (dtc=(N‐ferrocenyl‐N‐2‐methylpyridyl) dithiocarbamate (L1) 1, (N‐ferrocenyl‐N‐methyl) dithiocarbamate (L2) 2, (N‐methylthiophene‐N‐3‐methylpyridyl) dithiocarbamate (L3) 3, (N‐4‐chlorobenzyl‐N‐3‐methylpyridyl) dithiocarbamate (L4) 4 and (N‐4‐methylbenzyl‐N‐3‐methylpyridyl) dithiocarbamate (L5) 5) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV‐Vis., 1H and 13C {1H} NMR spectroscopy. Their crystal structures revealed polymeric structures based on dimeric [Tl(dtc)]2 scaffolds which are linked via Tl⋯Tl, Tl‐N(Py) and Tl⋯S bonds and rare C−H⋯Tl anagostic, C–S⋯Tl, Tl⋯N(dtc), Tl⋯C and Tl⋯π(arene) intermolecular bonding interactions which have been assessed by theoretical calculations.The supramolecular structures in these complexes have been sustained by weak C−H⋯S, C−H⋯N, C−H⋯Cl, C−H⋯π, π⋯ π and H⋯H interactions. Except for 1 and 2 having ferrocene groups as quenchers, all the complexes show luminescent characteristics in the solid phase. Complexes 1–5 are weakly conducting (σrt,10−4‐10−7 S cm−1, Ea=0.89‐1.00 eV) but show semiconducting behavior in the solid state. The TGA decomposition products of 1—5 revealed formation of binary TlS and ternary Fe2Tl4S5 and Fe3Tl2S4 sulfide materials.
An Invitation to the Less‐Treaded Path of Autoethnography in TESOL Research
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyyed‐Abdolhamid 
Published: November 2016

Although alternative perspectives continue to be part of TESOL research methodology, there are approaches to social science inquiry that are still not widely known to researchers in the field. More specifically, it may be argued that language education research needs further qualitative approaches that can interweave research and life, language and context, and self and society in processes of inquiry. Therefore, in this article the author invites the academic community of TESOL to consider autoethnography as a qualitative research approach with significant potential for research on issues of language teaching and learning. Based on a discussion of the theoretical and methodological perspectives of autoethnographic inquiry, he argues that, by bringing the self and society together, such an approach can contribute to the ongoing endeavor for deepening the epistemological understanding and widening the methodological scope of research in the field.
The effects of dietary microalgae (Schizochytrium
spp.) and fish oil in layers on docosahexaenoic acid omega-3
enrichment of the eggs
Authors: Kaewsutas M. , Sarikaphuti A. , Nararatwanchai T. , Sittiprapaporn P. , Patchanee P. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryNutritional manipulation of diets for layers can help to naturally modify the
nutritional content of eggs. The objective of this study was to increase the
concentration of the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the egg
yolk by feeding a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids from microalgae compared to
one containing fish oil to layers. A total of 480 layers (Babcock B308) aged 28
weeks old were divided into four treatment groups with four replicates per
treatment. The layers were fed a control diet, a diet containing 4% crude
salmon oil, or microalgae (Schizochytrium spp.) at 1% or
2% in the diet for eight weeks. Feed intake and egg production were
recorded daily and egg quality tested every two weeks. There were no significant
differences between the control and treatment groups as regards feed intake, egg
production, egg weight, egg mass, albumin height, and Haugh unit of the eggs.
The egg samples were obtained at the start of the trial, four weeks and eight
weeks for the analysis of the fatty acid profile in the eggs. The DHA level in
the eggs from layers fed even 1% or 2% algae was higher (P
< 0.05) compared to the level from those fed with the control diet and
4% fish oil supplementation. The omega 6:3 ratio in eggs was
significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared to the control diet and the
fish oil groups. Feeding 2% microalgae (Schizochytrium
spp.) in hen diet resulted in an increase in the DHA level (above
100 mg/egg) and a decrease in the omega 6:3 ratio to the optimal level. The
trial demonstrated that DHA concentration in eggs can be enriched through
nutritional management of layers by using algae supplementation in order to
provide more favourable fatty acids for consumers.
Determinants of dietary patterns and diet quality during pregnancy: a systematic review with narrative synthesis
Authors: Doyle Ina-Merle , Borrmann Brigitte , Grosser Angelique , Razum Oliver , Spallek Jacob 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo identify determinants of diet in pregnancy, by detecting factors in our multiple-determinants life course framework that are associated with dietary patterns, quality or guideline adherence.DesignA systematic review of observational studies, published in English or German, was conducted. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, environmental and pregnancy-related determinants were considered. Four electronic databases were searched in January 2015 and updated in April 2016 and a total of 4368 articles identified. Risk of bias was assessed using adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Scales.SettingHigh- and upper-middle-income countries.SubjectsPregnant or postpartum women reporting their dietary intake during pregnancy.ResultsSeventeen publications of twelve studies were included and compared narratively due to heterogeneity. Diet in pregnancy was patterned along a social gradient and aligned with other health behaviours before and during pregnancy. Few studies investigated the influence of the social and built environment and their findings were inconsistent. Except for parity, pregnancy determinants were rarely assessed even though pregnancy is a physiologically and psychologically unique period. Various less well-researched factors such as the role of ethnicity, pregnancy intendedness, pregnancy ailments and macro-level environment were identified that need to be studied in more detail.ConclusionsThe framework was supported by the literature identified, but more research of sound methodology is needed in order to conclusively disentangle the interplay of the different determinants. Practitioners should be aware that pregnant women who are young, have a low education or do not follow general health advice appear to be at higher risk of inadequate dietary intake.