bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi-component T1ρ and T2 Relaxation Mapping of Skeletal Muscle In-Vivo
Authors: Sharafi Azadeh , Chang Gregory , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe goal of this paper was to evaluate the possibility of bi-component T1ρ and T2 relaxation mapping of human skeletal muscle at 3 T in clinically feasible scan times. T1ρ- and T2-weighted images of calf muscle were acquired using a modified 3D-SPGR sequence on a standard 3 T clinical MRI scanner. The mono- and biexponential models were fitted pixel-wise to the series of T1ρ and T2 weighted images. The biexponential decay of T1ρ and T2 relaxations was detected in ~30% and ~40% of the pixels across all volunteers, respectively. Monoexponential and bi-exponential short and long T1ρ relaxation times were estimated to be 26.9 ms, 4.6 ms (fraction 22%) and 33.2 ms (fraction: 78%), respectively. Similarly, the mono- and bi-exponential short and long T2 relaxation times were 24.7 ms, 4.2 ms (fraction 15%) and 30.4 ms (fraction 85%) respectively. The experiments had good repeatability with RMSCV < 15% and ICC > 60%. This approach could potentially be used in exercise intervention studies or in studies of inflammatory myopathies or muscle fibrosis, permitting greater sensitivity and specificity via measurement of different water compartments and their fractions.
Evaporative deposition of polystyrene microparticles on PDMS surface
Authors: Yu Ying-Song , Wang Ming-Chao , Huang Xianfu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEvaporation of water and ethanol/water droplets containing large polystyrene (PS) microparticles on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface was experimentally investigated. It is found that no matter with or without small addition of ethanol, a compact monolayer deposition is formed for lower microparticle concentration while mountain-like deposition for higher concentration. Since the more volatile compound (ethanol) evaporates more quickly than the less volatile compound (water), evaporation of ethanol/water mixture droplet exhibits different characteristics from pure water. When the concentration of microparticle is low, the contact radius of ethanol/water mixture droplet decreases throughout the whole process, while the contact angle increases at first to a maximum, then keeps almost constant, and finally decreases sharply. However, the evaporation of ethanol/water mixture droplet with higher concentration of microparticle behaviors more complex. The settling time of microparticles was estimated and its theoretical value agrees well with the experimental one. Moreover, a mechanism of self-pinning of microparticles was used to elucidate the deposition behavior of microparticles, indicating that as the contact line is depinning, the liquid film covering the outmost microparticle becomes thicker and thicker, and the microparticles have to move spontaneously with the depinning contact line under the action of capillary force.
Evaluating different approaches to non-destructive nitrogen status diagnosis of rice using portable RapidSCAN active canopy sensor
Authors: Lu Junjun , Miao Yuxin , Shi Wei , Li Jingxin , Yuan Fei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRapidSCAN is a new portable active crop canopy sensor with three wavebands in red, red-edge, and near infrared spectral regions. The objective of this study was to determine the potential and practical approaches of using this sensor for non-destructive diagnosis of rice nitrogen (N) status. Sixteen plot experiments and ten on-farm experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 in Jiansanjiang Experiment Station of the China Agricultural University and Qixing Farm in Northeast China. Two mechanistic and three semi-empirical approaches using the sensor’s default vegetation indices, normalized difference vegetation index and normalized difference red edge, were evaluated in comparison with the top performing vegetation indices selected from 51 tested indices. The results indicated that the most practical and stable method of using the RapidSCAN sensor for rice N status diagnosis is to calculate N sufficiency index with the default vegetation indices and then to estimate N nutrition index non-destructively (R2 = 0.50–0.59). This semi-empirical approach achieved a diagnosis accuracy rate of 59–76%. The findings of this study will facilitate the application of the RapidSCAN active sensor for rice N status diagnosis across growth stages, cultivars and site-years, and thus contributing to precision N management for sustainable intensification of agriculture.
Effects of seedling age and cultivation density on agronomic characteristics and grain yield of mechanically transplanted rice
Authors: Liu Qihua , Zhou Xuebiao , Li Jingling , Xin Caiyun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDelayed transplantation frequently occurs in mechanically transplanted rice in China, leading to a significant reduction in grain yield. Thus, determining how to compensate grain yield loss is crucial for improving rice cultivation technology. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of cultivation density and seedling age on agronomic traits and grain yield of mechanically transplanted rice. With increasing seedling age, rice tiller number, pre-anthesis dry matter accumulation, remobilization efficiency and contribution to grain yield, as well as post-anthesis photosynthesis amount decreased, causing reductions in the number of effective panicles, the total number of grains per panicle, the sink capacity per tiller, and grain yield. In rice transplanted at 30- and 35-day seedling ages, increasing cultivation density significantly enhanced the number of effective panicles and grain yield. Additionally, there existed strong, positive correlations between sink capacity per tiller and pre-anthesis dry matter remobilization efficiency and pre-anthesis dry matter contribution to grain yield. We conclude that in addition to cultivation density, enhancing the amount of pre-anthesis dry matter and the remobilization efficiency could be feasible for mitigating grain yield loss caused by delayed transplantation.
Larval honey bees infected with Nosema ceranae have increased vitellogenin titers as young adults
Authors: BenVau Lee R. , Nieh James C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNosema ceranae is a pervasive and widespread honey bee pathogen that is associated with colony declines and has recently been shown to infect larval honey bees. In adult bees, Nosema infection is known to alter levels of a key protein, vitellogenin (Vg), which is necessary for egg-laying in queens, brood food production in workers, and proper immune function in all female bees. We therefore tested the effects of larval worker infection on hemolymph Vg titers. In 1-day old adult workers that were infected as larvae with 10,000 (10 K) or 40,000 (40 K) live N. ceranae spores/bee, Vg titers were significantly elevated by + 83% and + 73%, respectively, as compared to controls. At 7 days of adult age, Vg remained significantly elevated (+ 68%) in 10 K treated workers as compared to control workers. Nosema infection decreased total hemolymph protein titers in 1 and 7-day old adult bees (−50% in the 10 K and 40 K treated bees). Bees infected as larvae also had a more queen-like sting morphology. They developed slightly but significantly fewer barbs on their stings (−7% in the 40K-treated bees). Higher Vg levels are associated with younger bees. Thus, elevated Vg levels could delay normal age polyethism and disrupt colony balance.
Between VP and NN
Authors: Gaeta Livio , Zeldes Amir 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the classification and analysis of different types of German synthetic compounds headed by deverbal agent nouns in -er, such as Romanleser ‘novel-reader’ or Gedankenleser ‘mind-reader’, where the non-head is seen to saturate an argument of the head lexeme while adhering to the semantic interpretation found in corresponding VPs (e.g. the distinct senses of read in the previous examples). In contrast to several previous approaches, which attempt to explain the relationship between VPs and compounds using a unified mechanism of incorporation or derivation, we argue that different compounding patterns require different analyses and that the respective constructions are to some extent independent of each other. While some compounds are modelled after frequent, familiar VPs and take account of the usage profile of syntactic phrases, other productive sets of compounds extend independently lexicalized schemas with fixed compound heads. To support our analysis we undertake the largest empirical survey of these formations to date, using a broad coverage Web corpus. We suggest several categories of verb-object lexeme pairs to account for our data and formulate an analysis of the facts within the framework of Construction Morphology.
Use of agricultural limestone and lime in aquaculture.
Authors: Boyd C. E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Application of agricultural limestone to increase alkalinity to about 50 mg/l improves production in fertilized ponds and enhances water quality in ponds for feed-based aquaculture. Burnt lime and hydrated lime cause an initial high pH, but they can be applied to bottoms of empty ponds for the purpose of neutralizing bottom soil acidity. In addition, even where acidic soil and low alkalinity are not present, burnt or hydrated lime also may be used to raise pH and disinfect pond bottoms. In ponds with low dissolved oxygen and high carbon dioxide (CO
2
) concentrations, burnt lime at 1.28 and hydrated lime at 1.68 times CO
2
concentration will remove CO
2
and prevent it from interfering with oxygen uptake by aquatic animals. Small, frequent applications of lime sometimes are made to ponds to remove CO
2
and phosphate, limit phytoplankton growth, and stabilize pH. The effectiveness of this practice is dubious.
Life History Observations of Adfluvial Chinook Salmon prior to Reintroduction of Anadromous Salmonids
Authors: Brenkman Samuel J. , Sutton Kathryn T. , Marshall Anne R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. vary in life history and degree of anadromy, but information on populations inhabiting only freshwater throughout their life cycle is limited. We confirmed the presence of a self-sustaining population of adfluvial Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha upstream of century-old hydroelectric dams in the Skokomish River system, Washington. Snorkel, redd, and juvenile-trapping surveys revealed their life history attributes prior to planned reintroductions of anadromous salmonids above the dams. Adult Chinook Salmon in Lake Cushman (a reservoir) were large-bodied fish (mean length = 610 mm; mean weight = 5.4 kg), up to 4 years of age, and migrated into the inlet river to spawn in October and November. Annual peak counts of adult spawners were chronically low (35 or less) based on interannual snorkel surveys since 1994. Chinook Salmon parr (n = 780; mean length = 105 mm) of a single cohort were captured (June–August) at the upper dam and had faded parr marks and bright, silvery coloration typical of smolts. Our study confirmed that Chinook Salmon reared and reproduced exclusively in freshwater and suggested a life history pattern most closely resembling anadromous fall-run Chinook Salmon. We reviewed annual hatchery release records from 1926 to 2016 and found no evidence of Chinook Salmon being planted above the dams, in contrast to landlocked Chinook Salmon occurring in Oregon and California reservoirs. These adfluvial Chinook Salmon may be descendants of the native Skokomish River anadromous population, including fish from below the dam, and represent adaptations to the reservoir after dam construction. Lake Cushman Chinook Salmon are federally threatened, the only reported landlocked population in Puget Sound and coastal Washington, and may represent a unique evolutionary legacy worthy of protection.
Received March 7, 2017; accepted July 5, 2017 Published online October 20, 2017
Effects of different heat–moisture treatments on the physicochemical properties of brown rice flour
Authors: Nakamura Sumiko , Okumura Hisako , Sugawara Masayoshi , Noro Wataru , Homma Noriyuki , Ohtsubo Ken’ichi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We evaluated the effect of heat–moisture treatment (HMT) on the main chemical components, physical properties, and enzyme activities of two types of brown rice flour: high-amylose Koshinokaori and normal-quality Koshiibuki. Five different HMTs using brown rice (moisture content was 12.0%) were assessed: 0.1 MPa/120 °C for 5 or 10 min, 0.2 MPa/134 °C for 5 or 10 min and 0.3 MPa/144 °C for 10 min. HMT, decreased the α-amylase and lipase activities, and fat acidity, and slightly increased the dietary fiber and resistant starch levels. After 2 months’ storage at 35 °C, rice samples that were treated with 0.2 MPa/134 °C or 0.3 MPa/144 °C for 10 min had a lower fat acidity than untreated samples, which would be useful for long-term storage and export of rice flour. And HMT exhibited inhibition of retrogradation in the pasting and physical properties, which is profitable to promote the qualities of the rice products.
What Can Elder Mistreatment Researchers Learn About Primary Prevention From Family Violence Intervention Models?
Authors: Meyer Kylie , Yonashiro-Cho Jeanine , Gassoumis Zachary D , Mosqueda Laura , Han S Duke , Wilber Kathleen H 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Elder mistreatment (EM) is a public health problem that harms millions of older Americans each year. Despite growing recognition of its occurrence, there are no evidence-based primary prevention programs. Although EM is distinct from other areas of family violence, including child maltreatment and intimate partner violence, common risk factors and theoretical underpinnings point to opportunities for prevention strategies. Drawing on evidence-based best practices found in other fields of family violence, we identify approaches that could be tested to prevent EM at the hands of family caregivers, who are among the most likely to commit mistreatment. Specifically, we examine home visiting approaches primarily used in the child maltreatment field and identify components that have potential to inform EM interventions, including prevention. We conclude that there is enough information to begin testing a prevention intervention for EM that targets caregivers.
Schur $P$-positivity and Involution Stanley Symmetric Functions
Authors: Hamaker Zachary , Marberg Eric , Pawlowski Brendan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe involution Stanley symmetric functions$\hat{F}_y$ are the stable limits of the analogs of Schubert polynomials for the orbits of the orthogonal group in the flag variety. These symmetric functions are also generating functions for involution words and are indexed by the involutions in the symmetric group. By construction, each $\hat{F}_y$ is a sum of Stanley symmetric functions and therefore Schur positive. We prove the stronger fact that these power series are Schur $P$-positive. We give an algorithm to efficiently compute the decomposition of $\hat{F}_y$ into Schur $P$-summands and prove that this decomposition is triangular with respect to the dominance order on partitions. As an application, we derive pattern avoidance conditions which characterize the involution Stanley symmetric functions which are equal to Schur $P$-functions. We deduce as a corollary that the involution Stanley symmetric function of the reverse permutation is a Schur $P$-function indexed by a shifted staircase shape. These results lead to alternate proofs of theorems of Ardila–Serrano and DeWitt on skew Schur functions which are Schur $P$-functions. We also prove new Pfaffian formulas for certain related involution Schubert polynomials.
Orphans in the Market: The History of Orphan Drug Policy
Authors: Mikami Koichi 
Published: October 2017

Summary
This paper examines the history of orphan drug policy, from the emergence of ‘orphans’ in the American pharmaceutical market in the 1960s, through the debates and agitations that resulted in the passage of the US Orphan Drug Act of 1983, to attempts in the 1990s to prevent abuse of that Act and restore its original intentions. Although an increased number of drugs for rare diseases have since been developed and marketed, the extremely high price of some such drugs is considered a major public health issue internationally. The present paper traces the origins of this issue to the market-based approach to resolving the problem of orphan drugs embodied in the 1983 Act. The paper also makes visible an alternative trajectory that existed for a while in the United Kingdom but was eventually abandoned in order to help the biotechnology industry grow in the context of an increasingly integrated European drug market.
Induction of Desmoplastic Trichoepithelioma in a Dermatofibroma
Authors: Georgescu Mihaela , Blödorn-Schlicht Norbert , Böer-Auer Almut 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
Induction of follicular germinative structures above a dermatofibroma (DF) is a common finding. Rarely, induction of a trichoblastoma in a DF has been observed. Here, we report the case of a desmoplastic trichoepithelioma induced by a DF. The lesion with clinical and histological appearance of a DF situated on the left dorsal foot showed an associated adnexal proliferation that fulfilled histopathological criteria of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma. Immunohistochemistry (Ber-EP4, Bcl-2, CK17, CK20, CK7, EMA, and Ki67) helped to confirm the diagnosis and to exclude possible differential diagnoses.
Case Series Analysis of Myopic Progression Control With a Unique Extended Depth of Focus Multifocal Contact Lens
Authors: Cooper Jeffrey , O'Connor Brett , Watanabe Ronald , Fuerst Randall , Berger Sharon , Eisenberg Nadine , Dillehay Sally M. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:To determine the rate of myopia progression in children fit with a commercially available extended depth of focus (center distance) multifocal soft contact lens with attributes theoretically expected to slow the progression of myopia.Methods:A retrospective case series analysis of 32 patients (ages 6–19 years, mean 10.98±2.95) from 10 practice locations was performed. At initial presentation, 44% wore spectacles, 37.5% spherical soft contact lenses, 15.6% a different soft multifocal contact lens, and 3% orthokeratology lenses. All participants showed progression of at least −0.50 diopter with current corrections and were fit with an extended depth of focus (center distance) multifocal soft contact lens (NaturalVue Multifocal 1 Day Contact Lenses; Visioneering Technologies, Inc., Alpharetta, GA). Follow-up time was 6 to 25 months (mean: 10.94±4.76).Results:Reductions in the annualized rate of myopic progression from −0.85 D per year ±0.43 D to −0.04 D per year ±0.18 D (P<0.00000) OD, −0.90 D per year ±0.57 D to −0.03 D per year ±0.17 D (P<0.00000) OS were observed. These data represent a reduction of 95.4% OD and 96.25% OS. Approximately 98.4% of the children showed reduction of annualized myopic progression; 91% showed a decrease of 70% or greater. Overall, 81.25% showed complete halting of myopic progression, including 6.25% demonstrating myopic regression.Conclusions:This unique extended depth of focus (center distance) daily disposable multifocal contact lens was effective in slowing myopic progression in these children. These findings add to the growing evidence that center distance multifocal soft contact lenses may slow the progression of myopia.
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Reveals Corneal Reinnervation After Treatment of Neurotrophic Keratopathy With Corneal Neurotization
Authors: Fung Simon S. M. , Catapano Joseph , Elbaz Uri , Zuker Ronald M. , Borschel Gregory H. , Ali Asim 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To document the presence and location of new sensory nerve fibers after corneal neurotization using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in 2 patients with neurotrophic keratopathy (NK).

Methods:
Two patients with unilateral advanced NK received corneal neurotization to surgically reinnervate the cornea. IVCM was used to identify subbasal nerve fibers and document corneal reinnervation. In 1 patient (case 1), IVCM was performed before and after corneal neurotization; in the second patient (case 2), IVCM was performed after neurotization and corneal transplantation.

Results:
In case 1, who had hand motion visual acuity due to NK-associated corneal perforation that necessitated cyanoacrylate gluing, preoperative IVCM identified no subbasal nerves; however, subbasal nerves were identified 6 months after corneal neurotization, and there were no further episodes of persistent epithelial defects. In case 2, in whom NK with a total absence of corneal sensation was the result of treated basal skull meningioma, corneal sensation, visual acuity, and ocular surface health improved after corneal neurotization. Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty was performed 2.5 years after corneal sensation was reestablished. IVCM demonstrated corneal reinnervation at the stromal and subbasal level in a pattern different from the normal cornea.

Conclusions:
Corneal neurotization restores corneal sensation by reinnervating the stromal and subbasal layers of the cornea. In doing so, corneal neurotization may halt the process of NK and prevent further visual loss.
α-Lipoic Acid as Adjunctive Treatment for Schizophrenia
Authors: Sanders Lia Lira Olivier , de Souza Menezes Carlos Eduardo , Chaves Filho Adriano José Maia , de Almeida Viana Glautemberg , Fechine Francisco Vagnaldo , Rodrigues de Queiroz Maria Goretti , Gonçalvez da Cruz Fonseca Said , Mendes Vasconcelos Silvânia Maria , Amaral de Moraes Maria Elisabete , Gama Clarissa S. , Seybolt Sheila , de Moura Campos Eugênio , Macêdo Danielle , Freitas de Lucena David 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Accumulating evidence suggests an involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This offers a hypothesis-derived therapeutic approach to hinder oxidative damage and its clinical sequelae. α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is a powerful natural antioxidant indicated to treat diabetic neuropathy.

Methods/Procedures
In this pilot investigation, we administered ALA (100 mg/d) for 4 months, as an adjunct to antipsychotic medication, to 10 patients with schizophrenia.

Findings/Results
We found robust improvement in measures of psychopathology (63.9% reduction in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores), neurocognitive parameters, extrapyramidal symptoms, and decreased lipid peroxidation.

Implications/Conclusions
If larger, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies confirm these preliminary findings, ALA could prove useful as adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia.
Lipid-protein interplay in dimerization of the juxtamembrane domains of epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Maeda Ryo , Sato Takeshi , Okamoto Kenji , Yanagawa Masataka , Sako Yasushi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTransmembrane (TM) helix and juxtamembrane (JM) domains (TM-JM) bridge the extracellular and intracellular domains of single-pass membrane proteins, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). TM-JM dimerization plays a crucial role in regulation of EGFR kinase activity at the cytoplasmic side. Although the interaction of JM with membrane lipids is thought to be important to turn on EGF signaling and phosphorylation of Thr654 on JM leads to desensitization, the underlying kinetic mechanisms remain unclear. Especially, how Thr654 phosphorylation regulates EGFR activity is largely unknown. Here, combining single-pair FRET imaging and nanodisc techniques, we showed that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis phosphate (PIP2) facilitated JM dimerization effectively. We also found that Thr654 phosphorylation dissociated JM dimers in the membranes containing acidic lipids, suggesting that Thr654 phosphorylation electrostatically prevented the interaction with basic residues in JM and acidic lipids. Based on the single-molecule experiment, we clarified the kinetic pathways of monomer (inactive state) - dimer (active state) transition of JM domains and alteration in the pathways depending on the membrane lipid species and Thr654 phosphorylation.