bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student‐Perceived Mothers’ and Fathers’ Beliefs, Mathematics and English Motivations, and Career Choices
Authors: Lazarides Rebecca , Watt Helen M. G. 
Published: May 2017

According to Eccles and Jacobs' (1986) parent socialization model, parents’ gendered ability and value beliefs influence girls’ and boys’ interpretations of those beliefs, and hence students’ domain‐specific valuing of tasks and competence beliefs and subsequent career plans. Studies have rarely analyzed how both student‐perceived mothers’ and fathers’ beliefs affect girls’ and boys’ task values, success expectancies, and career plans across domains. This study analyzed survey data of 459 students (262 boys) assessed through Grades 9, 10, and 11 from three coeducational secondary schools in Sydney, Australia. Longitudinal structural equation models revealed gendered value transmission pathways for girls in mathematics. Although mathematics test scores did not vary statistically significantly, girls reported statistically significantly lower mothers’ ability beliefs for them in mathematics than boys at Time 1, which led to their statistically significantly lower mathematics intrinsic value at Time 2 and mathematics‐related career plans at Time 3. Such gendered pathways did not occur in English. Matched same‐gender effects and gendered pathways in parent socialization processes were evident; perceived mothers’ value beliefs were more strongly related to girls’ than boys’ importance values in English. Student‐perceived fathers’ ability beliefs positively predicted boys’, not girls’, importance value in mathematics. Implications for educational practice emphasize the need to target girls’ and boys’ interest when aiming to enhance their mathematical career motivations.
Effects of carrot pomace powder and a mixture of pectin and xanthan on the quality of gluten‐free batter and cakes
Authors: Majzoobi Mahsa , Vosooghi Poor Zahra , Mesbahi Gholamreza , Jamalian Jalal , Farahnaky Asgar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCarrot pomace powder (CPP) is a valuable by‐product of carrot processing containing nutrients and fiber and can be utilized for enrichment of gluten‐free products. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various levels of CPP (0, 10, 20, and 30%) and a mixture of hydrocolloids (HC) including pectin and xanthan (1.5% of each) on the quality of batter and gluten‐free cakes. With increasing the level of CPP and inclusion of HC the viscosity of the batter increased significantly from 87 mPa s for the control to >7000 mPa s for 30%CCP + HC sample. The density of the control batter was 1.2 g/cm3 which reduced significantly to 0.899 g/cm3 for HC sample. The pH of the cake reduced from 7.23 to 6.78 with addition of CPP but increased slightly with inclusion of HC. The density of the cake reduced from 0.510 g/cm3 for the control to 0.395 g/cm3 for 20%CCP + C sample. The texture of the cakes became softer, more springy and chewable with addition of CPP, CPP + HC, and HC. The control sample had the lowest uniformity index (0.178) which improved with addition of CPP and CPP + HC and a highly uniform cake with a uniformity index of 0.045 was obtained for the 30%CCP + HC cake. Addition of CPP increased the dark color of the cakes while inclusion of HC had no effect on the appearance of the cake and color. It was concluded that inclusion of maximum 30%CCP and 20%CPP + HC promoted the quality and sensory attributes of gluten‐free cakes.Practical applicationsAlthough different types of gluten‐free products are available in the market, most of them contain insufficient amount of fiber and nutrients. Despite popularity, gluten‐free cakes are poor in fiber and nutrient contents. Therefore, improving the nutritional value of these products has received an increasing attention by the food industry. Carrot pomace powder (CPP) is an available source of fiber and nutrients and hence can be utilized for enrichment of gluten‐free products. This study showed that the inclusion of up to 30% CPP or 20% CPP with a mixture of xanthan and pectin (3%, 1:1) improved the quality and sensory attributes of the cakes. Industrial implications of this study may lead to new product development and improved marketing due to the enhancement of quality, sensory attributes, and nutritional value of the products.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of marbofloxacin as a single injection for Pasteurellaceae respiratory infections in cattle using population pharmacokinetics and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Paulin A. , Schneider M. , Dron F. , Woehrle F. 
Published: May 2017

Population pharmacokinetic of marbofloxacin was investigated with 52 plasma concentration–time profiles obtained after intramuscular administration of Forcyl® in cattle. Animal's status, pre‐ruminant, ruminant, or dairy cow, was retained as a relevant covariate for clearance. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using a stratification by status, and 1000 virtual disposition curves were generated in each bovine subpopulation for the recommended dosage regimen of 10 mg/kg as a single injection. The probability of target attainment (PTA) of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) ratios associated with clinical efficacy and prevention of resistance was determined in each simulated subpopulation. The cumulative fraction of response (CFR) of animals achieving a PK/PD ratio predictive of positive clinical outcome was then calculated for the simulated dosage regimen, taking into account the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni. When considering a ratio of AUC0‐24 hr/MIC (area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration) greater than 125 hr, CFRs ranging from 85% to 100% against the three Pasteurellaceae in each bovine subpopulation were achieved. The PTA of the PK/PD threshold reflecting the prevention of resistances was greater than 90% up to MPC (mutant prevention concentration) values of 1 μg/ml in pre‐ruminants and ruminants and 0.5 μg/ml in dairy cows.
Use of a new end‐stage kidney disease risk calculator in the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guideline to evaluate the impact of different living kidney donor candidate assessments
Authors: Lee Darren , Manzoor Momena , Harley Geoff , Whitlam John , Cook Natasha , Choy Suet‐wan , Sandiford Megan , Gibson Charlotte , McMahon Lawrence P , Roberts Matthew A 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline recommends the incorporation of a new risk calculator that quantifies the end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) risk based on a composite profile of risk factors in living kidney donor candidates (LKDC). We compared the ESKD risk estimates in previously declined versus accepted LKDC to evaluate the predictive capacity and potential impact of this tool.MethodsBaseline 15 year and lifetime ESKD risk estimates without donation were calculated using the risk calculator for LKDC assessed from two centres between 2007 and 2015. LKDC suitability based on the proposed KDIGO and the existing Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment national guidelines was compared.ResultsMedian 15 year ESKD risk was 0.14% (IQR 0.09–0.31%) in declined LKDC (n=59) versus 0.10% (0.07–0.14%) in accepted LKDC (n=89) (P<0.001). Lifetime risk was similar: 0.39% (0.23–0.80%) versus 0.35% (0.22–0.56%), respectively; however, declined LKDC had a higher 98% risk percentile value (8.19% vs 1.02%) and were more likely to exceed a 1% ESKD risk threshold (15% vs 1%; P<0.01). The calculator captured reasons for declining donation in only 39% of LKDC; 46.9% of LKDC with Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment contraindications were reclassified as having an acceptable (≤1%) lifetime risk and no KDIGO contraindications, primarily related to a lower pre‐donation glomerular filtration rate or controlled hypertension with obesity.ConclusionDeclined LKDC had a higher 15 year but similar lifetime ESKD risk. However, the calculator successfully differentiated declined LKDC with a lifetime risk >1%. This risk calculator appears to complement but not replace clinical evaluation.
Distortionary effect of trading activity in NYMEX crude oil futures market: post crisis
Authors: Naderian Mohammad Amin , Javan Afshin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn light of the ongoing growth in hedge fund and investment bank exposure in the NYMEX WTI crude oil futures market since the global financial crisis, we have applied linear causality tests to identify if each individual trader group in the disaggregated commitment of trader's report have prior destabilising effect on market return (the rate of change in crude oil prices), price volatility and the futures‐spot spread in the period 2009–2015. Consistent with the CFTC's disaggregated classification system, the trader groups considered are physical participants, swap dealers and money managers. In order to capture the nonlinear causality relationship, the Diks and Panchenko (Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 2006, 30, 1647) non‐parametric causality approach has also been utilised. Test results demonstrate that changes in the net positions of physical participants has both linear and nonlinear positive causality on expected market return, as well as feedback loops. Change in swap dealers net position, however, only have linear bidirectional causality with market return and futures‐spot spread, with unidirectional Granger causality with price volatility. While money managers were not price trend followers, they have preceding influence on market risk and return dynamics. It can be concluded that swap dealers and money managers have distortionary effect on market return, price volatility and the futures‐spot spread. Instead, Physical participants distortionary effect is restricted to market return.
Energy consumption, human capital investment and economic growth in South Africa: a vector error correction model analysis
Authors: Ilesanmi Kehinde Damilola , Tewari Devi Datt 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the dynamic causal relationship between energy consumption, human capital investment and economic growth in South Africa for the period 1960–2015 within the vector error correction model (VECM) framework. It was revealed that there is cointegration among the variables. The causality test result reveals that there exists a long‐run bi‐directional relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. While on the other hand, a long‐run unidirectional causal relationship was discovered running from economic growth and energy consumption to social and economic infrastructure investment. This justifies the government's massive investment in the energy sector which is aimed at meeting the increasing energy demand. However, the lack of feedback from social infrastructural investment may imply that the focus social infrastructure investment is not adequate to granger cause growth or due to high inequality and unemployment in the country which will require more investment attention for it to significantly affect growth. The government, therefore, should give priority to the provision of both social and economic infrastructure investment and implementation of policies that are aimed at human capital development through public empowerment so that they can support the economy instead of depending on the government.
Oil price volatility effect on infrastructure spending in Nigeria
Authors: Akinleye Simeon Oludiran 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study examined the effect of oil price volatility on infrastructure spending in Nigeria, using time series data from 1960 to 2012. The data were analysed using cointegration, variance decomposition and impulse response functions to determine the effect of oil price volatility on infrastructure spending in Nigeria. The trend analysis shows that both oil price and government spending on infrastructure fluctuate together. The impulse response showed that the impact of crude oil price shock is substantial in the short run but remain stable and high in the long run which implies that the effect of crude oil price volatility could persist into the future. From these results, the empirical findings suggest that effort should be made by government to seek alternative means of financing infrastructure as oil price is unpredictable.
Older people's experiences of falling and perceived risk of falls in the community: A narrative synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Gardiner Siobhan , Glogowska Margaret , Stoddart Catherine , Pendlebury Sarah , Lasserson Daniel , Jackson Debra 
Published: May 2017

AimTo examine qualitative research exploring older people's experiences of falling and the perceived risk of falling in the community. This will contribute new insights into how falling is perceived by the older community.BackgroundFalls are a major problem for older people and healthcare services across the world. Accidental falls in the community are a persistent problem that is generally recognised as an intrinsic risk of ageing. This review provides a new synthesis of evidence that considers older people's perception of falls in the community as new insights are needed if the increasing problems of falls are to be addressed.DesignSynthesis of the qualitative literature employing Noblit and Hare's method of reciprocal translation. CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO and BNI were searched 1999–2015.MethodsNoblit and Hare's method of reciprocal translations was used to conceive this meta‐ethnographic synthesis. The ENTREQ statement was employed as a tool for reporting the synthesis of qualitative research. The PRISMA statement was used for reporting the different phase of the literature search, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative research checklist was used as an appraisal framework.ResultsEleven papers fit the inclusion criteria and revealed a series of themes. These were falls as a threat to personal identity, falls as a threat to independence, falls as a threat to social interaction and carefulness as a protective strategy.ConclusionMany older people reject the label of “at risk of falling” because of the perceived implication of dependency and incompetence. To be considered “at risk” of falling is perceived as threatening the identity of individuals who are comfortable maintaining their own independence. However, there are also those who accept the risk of falling and in doing so choose carefulness as a personal strategy to manage the risk. For the majority of older people, maintaining independence is the key motivator influencing their actions. Independence to pursue social interaction safeguards against loss of identity, social isolation and negative feelings of dependency. Falling in the community is a problem that persists, despite intervention of local health teams. This article contributes to a body of evidence on older people's experience of falling in the community with the aim of providing new insights for nurses as they approach the issues with patients.Implications for practiceManagement of falls risk improves through constructive, proactive health behaviour. Promoting a positive attitude towards living well encourages older people to engage in healthy, risk reducing behaviours. Older people reject the designation of “at risk of falling” due to a perceived association with dependency and incompetence. The negative association is a barrier to engaging at‐risk populations with fall prevention interventions.
Incidence of deep fascial space infections following lower third molar removal
Authors: O'Connor N. , Besi E. , Lopes V. , Malden N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of systemic infection in the deep fascial spaces after a third molar extraction of the neck.Material and methodsThis article presents a retrospective study of 723 cases of third molar extractions under the care of Edinburgh Dental Institute over a 1 year period (July 2012 to the end of June 2013) and investigates the incidence of systemic infection in the deep fascial spaces of the neck.Results and conclusionsFour (0.5%) out of the 723 cases acquired a deep fascial space infection and required hospitalisation and further treatment. No correlation saw between the development of a deep cervical space infection and age, gender, smoking status, predisposing medical history, difficulty of extraction or experience of operator. Patients are now informed of the low risk of post‐operative deep fascial space infection following lower third molar removal. But there is a need for prospective studies, which would provide reliable and accurate information on the true incidence of this significant post‐operative complication.
Percutaneous exposure incidents: a review of practice and awareness of current protocols at a Dental Faculty
Authors: Siddiqi A , K Niazi M.I. , De Silva H. , Firth N. , Konthasingha P. , Zafar S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundResearch has shown that dental care providers (DCPs) and students are among the most vulnerable to accidental exposure to blood‐borne pathogens (BBPs). An exposure to BBPs can have detrimental effects on a DCP's professional and personal life.ObjectivesThe aim of this study to study the prevalence and risk factors of sharps and needlestick injuries (NSIs) sustained by the staff and undergraduate dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago.MethodA cross‐sectional survey among students (fourth & fifth year dental students, postgraduate students), staff (academic/clinical) and dental assistants was performed using a self‐administered questionnaire to collect information pertaining to needlestick and sharps injuries during February 2012–November 2013. Data were tabulated in MS Excel® and analysed using SPSS statistical software®.ResultsOf the 350 questionnaires distributed, 234 participants completed the questionnaire. Seventy participants (29.9%) reported percutaneous injury. Most exposures occurred among undergraduate dental students (70%), followed by postgraduate students, academic staff (18.6%) and dental assistants (11.4%). Prevalence of under‐reporting was noted around 32.8%. Needlestick was the most frequent (34.8%) while injury from surgical bur and scaler tips were reported at 25 (28.1%) and 19 (21.3%) respectively. Only three participants (4.28%) took the post‐exposure prophylaxis after an incident.ConclusionPercutaneous exposure incidents continue to occur in healthcare settings in spite of emphasis on improved work practices and use of safety devices. Improvements are required in the use of safe‐practice and in developing a culture of more comprehensive reporting and adopting post‐exposure prophylaxis when required. Students new to the clinical environment need structured training and education before starting their clinical work to minimise accidental needlestick and sharps injuries.
The first transepidermal transplantation of non‐cultured epidermal suspension using a dermarolling system in vitiligo: A sequential histological and clinical study
Authors: Benzekri Laila , Gauthier Yvon 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe current methods for melanocyte delivery to depigmented skin are invasive and often require sophisticated approaches. Here, we describe a promising simple and minimally invasive technique based on the dermarolling system. The technique involves preparation of a keratinocyte/melanocyte suspension prepared by trypsinization from a non‐lesioned part of a patient's scalp skin and transepidermal delivery using a dermaroller equipped with 0.2‐mm needles. Dermarolling leads to epidermal microinjuries without, however, causing pain or inflammation. The technique was applied to facial depigmented areas of five patients with stable vitiligo that were resistant to conventional UV/tacrolimus treatment. The efficacy of cell delivery was analysed histologically on punch biopsies, and repigmentation was evaluated photographically and by clinical assessment. We found that the transplanted keratinocytes rapidly degenerated, leading to keratinization, but melanocytes survived and integrated appropriately into the basal layer of the epidermis, leading to excellent repigmentation after 6 months in three cases and mild repigmentation in two cases. Although based on a small number of patients, we anticipate this technique to become a valid addition to the arsenal of therapeutic approaches to repigmentation in depigmenting disorders.
Comparison of two methods of seminal plasma removal on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sperm cryopreservation
Authors: Albuquerque RS , Morais R , Reis AN , Miranda MS , Dias EAR , Monteiro FM , Paz CCP , Nichi M , Kawai GKV , Della'Aqua CPF , Papa FO , Viana RB , Gimenes LU 
Published: May 2017

ContentsCryopreservation causes damage to spermatozoa, and methods minimizing this damage are therefore needed. Although much discussed, seminal plasma removal has become an alternative to improve sperm quality and viability after freezing and has been applied to different species in attempt to obtain good results. The objective of this study was to evaluate semen quality in buffaloes submitted to two methods for seminal plasma removal (filtration and centrifugation). Semen samples were collected from seven Murrah buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) once a week for 8 weeks. Each ejaculate was divided into three groups: control (presence of seminal plasma), centrifugation and filtration. Sperm kinetics was evaluated with the computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Plasmalemma and acrosomal membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry, and lipid peroxidation was evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Seminal plasma removal did not improve sperm kinetics compared to the control group. Centrifugation increased the number of cells with damaged acrosomal membranes (0.77 ± 0.05) and filtration caused greater plasmalemma and acrosomal membrane damage (22.18 ± 1.07). No difference in the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed between groups. In contrast, ROS production was higher in the centrifugation group compared to the control and filtration groups, although no differences in TBARS formation were detected. In conclusion, seminal plasma removal did not improve the quality of thawed buffalo semen compared to control in terms of sperm kinetics, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential or lipid peroxidation.
Kernel-Based Tests for Joint Independence
Authors: Pfister Niklas , Bühlmann Peter , Schölkopf Bernhard , Peters Jonas 
Published: May 2017

SummaryWe investigate the problem of testing whether d possibly multivariate random variables, which may or may not be continuous, are jointly (or mutually) independent. Our method builds on ideas of the two-variable Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion but allows for an arbitrary number of variables. We embed the joint distribution and the product of the marginals in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space and define the d-variable Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion dHSIC as the squared distance between the embeddings. In the population case, the value of dHSIC is 0 if and only if the d variables are jointly independent, as long as the kernel is characteristic. On the basis of an empirical estimate of dHSIC, we investigate three non-parametric hypothesis tests: a permutation test, a bootstrap analogue and a procedure based on a gamma approximation. We apply non-parametric independence testing to a problem in causal discovery and illustrate the new methods on simulated and real data sets.