bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel pectinase from Piriformospora indica, optimization of growth parameters and enzyme production in submerged culture condition
Authors: Heidarizadeh Mohammad , Fathi Rezaei Parisa , Shahabivand Saleh 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Pectinases are one of the upcoming enzymes in food processing industries and they hydrolyze pectin substances.

Objectives
This study was done to examine the production of pectinase by Piriformospora indica in submerged fermentation (SmF) along with growth parameters.

Materials and methods
The fungus P. indica was cultured on Kafer medium supplemented with pectin for 0–12 days and fungus growth, number of spores, total protein content, and pectinase activity were investigated.

Results
Firstly, pectinase secretion by P. indica was confirmed by cup-plate assay. The maximum dry cell weight (10.21 g/L), growth yield (0.65 g/g), specific growth rate (0.56 day−1) and pectinase activity (10.47 U/mL) on pectin containing medium (P+) were achieved after 6 day of culture. In the case of pectin free medium (P−) all the parameters were less than P+ medium. The pectinase production by P. indica on P+ was 2.7 times higher than P−. The optimum pH and temperature for maximum polygalacturonase activity were 5 and 50°C, respectively.

Conclusions
For the first time, the work confirmed pectinase secretion by P. indica fungus and it could be a good source for pectinase production. Moreover, optimum pH 5, make it a potential candidate for future application in fruit juice industries.
Einfluss von Windenergieanlagen auf die Entwicklung des Tourismus in Hessen
Authors: Gardt Manuel , Broekel Tom , Gareis Philipp , Litmeyer Marie-Louise 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Den Ausbau der Windenergie begleitet ein weites Spektrum an negativen Effekten. Neben der Emission von tonalem Schall oder der Gefahr für die Avifauna werden Windenergieanlagen immer häufiger für ihre landschaftsüberprägende Eigenart kritisiert. Diese primär durch die Bauhöhe sowie Rotorbewegung herbeigeführte Tatsache steht in direktem Gegensatz zur naturnahen Landschaftserfahrung, wie sie vorwiegend in den deutschen Mittelgebirgslagen im Rahmen der touristischen Naherholung erlebt wird. Allerdings gibt es bisher wenige Untersuchungen zum potentiellen Einfluss der Windkraftanlagen auf den Tourismus und diese sind zumeist wenig repräsentative Fallstudien. Der vorliegende Artikel schließt diese Lücke mit einer quantitativen empirischen Untersuchung der Beziehung von Windkraftanlagen und regionalem Tourismus in Hessen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Existenz eines schwachen, aber signifikanten negativen Effekts des Windkraftanlagenausbaus auf den Tourismus.
Charge density studies on methylene blue – a potential anti-Alzheimer agent
Authors: Luger Peter , Dittrich Birger , Benecke Leonard , Sterzel Hannes 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Motivated by the medical interest in methylene blue as potential anti-Alzheimer agent, the charge densities of three salt structures containing the methylene blue cation with nitrate (as dihydrate), chloride (as pentahydrate) and thiocyanate counter-ions were generated by application of the invariom formalism and examined. The so-obtained charge density distributions were analyzed using the QTAIM formalism to yield bond topological and atomic properties. The atomic charges on the methylene blue cation indicate a delocalized charge distribution; only a small positive charge on the sulfur atom was found. Electrostatic potentials mapped onto iso-surfaces of electron density for the cations, and for the methylene blue cations with anions, were compared. The effect of hydrogen disorder on the molecular electrostatic potential was investigated for the thiocyanate structure.
Prognostic Implications of Predischarge Assessment of Gait Speed After Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Gherardini Sara , Biricolti Claudia , Benvenuti Enrico , Almaviva M. Grazia , Lombardi Monica , Pezzano Paola , Bertini Costanza , Baccini Marco , Di Bari Mauro 
Published: January 2018

Background and Purposes:
Hip fracture represents one of the most severe injuries in the older adults. In long-term survivors, disability is common and walking ability may be considered an important predictor of functional recovery. We investigated whether 4-m gait speed, assessed in older persons early after surgical repair of hip fracture, could predict functional recovery and subsequent development of major clinical outcomes.

Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study. We included adults older than 65 years, admitted to a community acute care hospital with hip fracture, undergoing surgical repair. As soon as the participant was able to stand and walk, using walking aids as needed but with no person's help, the 4-m walking speed was tested as the main predictive variable. The outcome variables included the change in the Barthel Index (BI) from prehospital through 1 year postoperative as a continuous variable and 2 dichotomous outcomes, that is, (1) a decrease in BI greater than 5 points in 1 year and (2) a composite endpoint, combining 5+ points BI decline, death, falls, institutionalization, and need for 24-hour home assistance in 1 year.

Results:
Sixty-two participants (mean age = 85 years) were enrolled and evaluated, on average 6 days (standard error of the mean [SEM] = 0.2) after hip fracture surgery. Compared with prefracture (mean = 96.3; SEM = 0.9), BI decreased 1 month after surgery (mean = 76.5; SEM = 2.1) and recovered only partially at 2 (mean = 84.1; SEM = 2.2) and 12 months (mean = 87.2; SEM = 2.8). A predischarge value of the walking speed below the median (20.5 cm/s) predicted a substantial BI reduction throughout the 12 months. Furthermore, the adjusted risk of a decline in functional status was reduced by 5% (odds ratio = 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-0.997; P = .038) and that of the combined outcome by 7% (odds ratio = 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.99; P = .013) for each centimeter per second of predischarge walking speed.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The 4-m walking speed, measured early after surgical repair of hip fracture, has profound long-term prognostic implications. This assessment approach might prove helpful in clinical decision-making on the postoperative management of older hip fracture persons.
Assessing Asymmetries in Change of Direction Speed Performance: Application of Change of Direction Deficit
Authors: Dos'Santos Thomas , Thomas Christopher , Jones Paul A. , Comfort Paul 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Dos'Santos, T, Thomas, C, Jones, PA, and Comfort, P. Assessing asymmetries in change of direction speed performance; application of change of direction deficit. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2953–2961, 2019—The aims of this study were to quantify asymmetries in change of direction (COD) performance using completion time and COD deficit, and determine its influence on asymmetry profiling of COD ability. A secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship between linear speed, 505 time, and COD deficit. Forty-three youth netball athletes (age: 15.4 ± 1.1 years, height: 1.71 ± 0.06 m, and mass: 63.3 ± 6.6 kg) performed the 505 for both left and right limbs and a 10-m sprint test. Asymmetries in 505 completion time and COD deficit were quantified for dominant (D) (faster) and nondominant (ND) (slower) directions. Paired sample t tests revealed significant differences between D and ND directions for 505 time and COD deficit (p < 0.0001, g = −0.53 to −0.60). Substantially greater asymmetries for COD deficit were observed compared with 505 time (p < 0.0001, g = 1.03). Only 2 subjects displayed an asymmetry ≥10% based on 505 times. Conversely, based on COD deficit, 21 subjects demonstrated asymmetries ≥10%. Large significant associations were observed between 505 time and COD deficit (r = 0.500–0.593, p ≤ 0.002). Large significant inverse associations were demonstrated between 10-m sprint time and COD deficit (r = −0.539 to −0.633, p ≤ 0.001), indicating that faster athletes had longer COD deficits. Nine subjects were classified differently for COD ability when comparing standardized scores for 505 time vs. COD deficit. Quantification of asymmetries in COD ability should be based on COD deficits; inspection of 505 times only could lead to misinterpretations of an athlete's COD symmetry and COD ability. Faster youth netball athletes demonstrate longer COD deficits; thus, researchers and practitioners are encouraged to improve their youth netball athletes' ability to rapidly decelerate, change direction, and reaccelerate from 180° turns.
Local knowledge system in music education culture at indigenous community Kampung Naga Tasikmalaya Regency
Authors: Gunara Sandie 
Published: January 2018

<p class="IsiAbstrakIndo"><span lang="EN-GB">This study aims to investigate the teaching culture in the indigenous community. This study explores the local knowledge system in the practice of music teaching in an indigenous community of Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya regency. This is an ethnographic research to give a detailed analysis on each case and to understand the phenomena from the point of view of the doers. This study documents the local knowledge system in music teaching culture in Kampung Naga, including <em>nu dirampa</em> (tried, explored), <em>nu dirasa</em> (perceived, contemplated), and <em>nu nyata</em> (used, applied). Hopefully, these findings can be the foundation of education, conservation, and innovation, and also as skills to improve the society’s welfare, not only Kampung Naga society, but also other societies, especially in the context of education at school. </span></p>
HAPT2D: high accuracy of prediction of T2D with a model combining basic and advanced data depending on availability
Authors: Di Camillo Barbara , Hakaste Liisa , Sambo Francesco , Gabriel Rafael , Kravic Jasmina , Isomaa Bo , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Alonso Margarita , Longato Enrico , Facchinetti Andrea , Groop Leif C , Cobelli Claudio , Tuomi Tiinamaija 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes arises from the interaction of physiological and lifestyle risk factors. Our objective was to develop a model for predicting the risk of T2D, which could use various amounts of background information.Research design and methodsWe trained a survival analysis model on 8483 people from three large Finnish and Spanish data sets, to predict the time until incident T2D. All studies included anthropometric data, fasting laboratory values, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and information on co-morbidities and lifestyle habits. The variables were grouped into three sets reflecting different degrees of information availability. Scenario 1 included background and anthropometric information; Scenario 2 added routine laboratory tests; Scenario 3 also added results from an OGTT. Predictive performance of these models was compared with FINDRISC and Framingham risk scores.ResultsThe three models predicted T2D risk with an average integrated area under the ROC curve equal to 0.83, 0.87 and 0.90, respectively, compared with 0.80 and 0.75 obtained using the FINDRISC and Framingham risk scores. The results were validated on two independent cohorts. Glucose values and particularly 2-h glucose during OGTT (2h-PG) had highest predictive value. Smoking, marital and professional status, waist circumference, blood pressure, age and gender were also predictive.ConclusionsOur models provide an estimation of patient’s risk over time and outweigh FINDRISC and Framingham traditional scores for prediction of T2D risk. Of note, the models developed in Scenarios 1 and 2, only exploited variables easily available at general patient visits.
Systematic Functional Characterization of Human 21st Chromosome Orthologs inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Nordquist Sarah K , Smith Sofia R , Pierce Jonathan T 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIndividuals with Down syndrome have neurological and muscle impairments due to an additional copy of the human 21st chromosome (HSA21). Only a few of ∼200 HSA21 genes encoding proteins have been linked to specific Down syndrome phenotypes, while the remainder are understudied. To identify poorly characterized HSA21 genes required for nervous system function, we studied behavioral phenotypes caused by loss-of-function mutations in conserved HSA21 orthologs in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified 10 HSA21 orthologs that are required for neuromuscular behaviors: cle-1 (COL18A1), cysl-2 (CBS), dnsn-1 (DONSON), eva-1 (EVA1C), mtq-2 (N6ATM1), ncam-1 (NCAM2), pad-2 (POFUT2), pdxk-1 (PDXK), rnt-1 (RUNX1), and unc-26 (SYNJ1). We also found that three of these genes are required for normal release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This includes a known synaptic gene unc-26 (SYNJ1), as well as uncharacterized genes pdxk-1 (PDXK) and mtq-2 (N6ATM1). As the first systematic functional analysis of HSA21 orthologs, this study may serve as a platform to understand genes that underlie phenotypes associated with Down syndrome.
Prospective Evaluation of the Impact of the 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay on Adjuvant Treatment Decisions for Women with Node-Positive Breast Cancer in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Torres Sofia , Trudeau Maureen , Gandhi Sonal , Warner Ellen , Verma Sunil , Pritchard Kathleen I. , Petrella Teresa , Hew-Shue Mark , Chao Calvin , Eisen Andrea 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
The 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay is only reimbursed in Ontario for node-negative and micrometastatic node-positive (N+) early-stage breast cancer (EBC). We carried out a prospective study to evaluate the impact of the assay on treatment decisions for women with N+ EBC.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods
Women with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth receptor 2-negative EBC and one to three positive axillary lymph nodes, who were candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to hormonal treatment, but in whom the benefit of chemotherapy was uncertain, were eligible. The primary objective was to characterize how the results of the RS assay affected physicians’ recommendations for adjuvant chemotherapy. Secondary objectives were to characterize changes in the physicians’ and patients’ level of confidence in treatment recommendations, to determine whether the results of the RS assay affected patients’ treatment preferences, and to determine the final treatment administered.

Results
Seventy-two patients were recruited; the mean age was 61. RS was &lt;18 in 55%, between 18 and 30 in 36%, and ≥31 in 9% of patients. Treatment recommendations changed in 36% of all evaluable patients. The most significant change was in the group with a low RS. Physicians’ and patients’ confidence in treatment recommendations increased in 49% and 54% of cases, respectively. Upfront chemotherapy was recommended to 79% of patients before the assay; 42% ultimately received chemotherapy.

Conclusion
The RS assay resulted in a substantial decrease in the number of patients who received chemotherapy and in an increase in physicians’ and patients’ confidence in the adjuvant treatment recommendations.

Implications for Practice
This is the first decision impact study to include exclusively women with ER-positive, HER2-negative, early-stage breast cancer with 1–3 positive lymph nodes, a population typically treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. This study provides evidence that, in these patients, the Oncotype Dx Recurrence Score assay influences systemic treatment decisions. Most of the changes in treatment recommendation resulted in withdrawal of chemotherapy or change in recommendation from a chemotherapy regimen with anthracyclines to a taxane-only regimen. If prospective studies confirm that these decisions result in good outcomes, a reduction in the use of chemotherapy might result in pharmacoeconomic savings.
A Critical Analysis of the New Equal Pay Provisions Relating to Atypical Employees in Sections 198A-198D of the LRA: Important Lessons from the United Kingdom
Authors: Ebrahim Shamier 
Published: January 2018

The Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 (EEA) is the main piece of legislation which seeks to achieve equity in the workplace by redressing unfair discrimination. Unequal pay for equal work and work of equal value are specific forms of discrimination which are dealt with in the EEA. The EEA provisions dealing with pay discrimination applies to all employees in the workplace which includes atypical employees. An employee experiencing pay discrimination in the workplace would thus use the EEA to institute an equal pay claim. This, however, has changed since the introduction of sections 198A-198D of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (LRA) which provides equal pay protection for atypical employees earning below the threshold of R205 433.30 and subject to certain other conditions. Sections 198A-198D of the LRA only deals with equal pay for the same or similar work. The sections do not deal with equal pay for work of equal value. This equal pay protection in the LRA is unique as the redress of unfair discrimination is not one of the purposes of the LRA.
The purpose of this article is to analyse the equal pay provisions as set out in sections 198A-198D of the LRA in order to ascertain the ambit of the protection offered by the sections, the limitations thereof and the dispute resolution procedure which should be followed. A brief comparative study with the law regulating equal pay for atypical employees in the United Kingdom will be undertaken in order to learn lessons for the equal pay legal framework in the LRA. International labour law will also be referred to.
PENGARUH RELIGITAS, KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN TRUST TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH BANK SYARIAH DI KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Wahyoedi Soegeng , Winoto Hery 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT The role of Islamic banking in the national economy becomes more strategic as the government is facing fiscal limitation in funding the development. The growth of Islamic banking, a bank managed by implementing the principles of Islamic law, has not been satisfactory. This can be examined by referring to the role of Islamic banking in national banking which is till in the rate of less than 5 percent. This research aims to observe the influences of religiosity and service quality on trust and customer loyalty, as well as to observe the influence of trust on customer loyaltyof Islamic Bank in Bogor. By collecting 76 samples of Islamic bank customers in Bogor and utilizing structural equation modeling partial least square (SEM-PLS) as the technique of analysis, it is revealed that the aspects of religiosity and service quality are influential on loyalty if it is supported by trust. Meanwhile, the trust itself has a positive influence on loyalty. The finding implies that to increase the loyalty of Islamic bank customers, customer trust should be built.
Pulse steroid therapy in infantile facial hemangiomas: the early experience
Authors: Bhatia Pardeep , Singh Preet Mohan , Sharma Vaibhav , Kohli Manu 
Published: January 2018

Background: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Pulse steroid therapy in the management of Infantile facial hemangioma in five subjects.Methods: Consecutive patients who presented with facial hemangioma were prospectively enrolled in this study between January 2014 till August 2017. All subjects underwent treatment with 30mg/kg/day I/V methyl prednisolone for 6days and then weekly for 6weeks and then followed by oral daily dosing. All subjects underwent systemic, and radiologic evaluations before treatment and at periodic intervals after starting therapy. Side effects from therapy were also evaluated.Results: Five subjects under 6 months of age, with facial hemangioma were enrolled in this study. After hospital admission, I/V steroid therapy was initiated in all subjects under monitoring by a pediatric cardiologist. Subsequent oral therapy after 6 weeks was performed with periodic out-patient monitoring. All subjects had excellent response to treatment, with regression of facial hemangioma. There were no side effects from therapy.Conclusions: I/V methyl prednisolone pulse steroid therapy for facial hemangioma was effective in all the five subjects.
A study of clinical patterns in benign breast disorders
Authors: Tonape Trupti P. , Tulsian Akriti R. , Gope Debabrata D. , Gogineni Jyotsna C. 
Published: January 2018

Background: This is a prospective study aimed at evaluating patients presenting with breast related complaints at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune. It outlines various clinical patterns in benign breast disorders; this includes age, type of presentation, side and quadrant of breast involved, size of breast lump and the eventual diagnosis.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, between July 2016 and July 2017. Author evaluated 50 patients, male and female, of all ages, presenting with complaints suggestive of a benign breast disorder. Patients that were a proven case of carcinoma of breast and those diagnosed with a malignant condition of the breast during evaluation were excluded from the study.Results: The incidence of benign breast disorders is the highest in the age group of 21 to 30 years (42%). Most common presentation of benign breast disorder in the series was found to be lump in the breast (58%). The Left breast (44%) was noted to be more commonly involved than the Right breast (40%). Most commonly involved quadrant of breast was the upper inner quadrant (30%), followed by the upper outer quadrant (24%).Most of the breast lumps were of size ranging from 3 to 3.9cm (36.58%) followed by those of size ranging from 2 to 2.9cm. (21.95%). Fibroadenoma (42%) was the most common benign breast disorder in present study, followed by fibro-adenosis (18%).Conclusions: Every benign breast disorder presents in a certain age group and follows a certain clinical pattern as outlined in this study. Detailed history taking and clinical examination while keeping in mind these clinical patterns, along with ultrasound and FNAC (triple test), aids in establishing the diagnosis of a benign breast disorder within 72 hours. Hence, the anxiety caused by breast lumps and nodularity can be alleviated by excluding the diagnosis of carcinoma breast. And since majority of benign lesions are not associated with an increased risk for subsequent breast cancer, unnecessary surgical procedures can be avoided.