bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The direct health care costs of eating disorders among hospitalized patients: A population‐based study
Authors: de Oliveira Claire , Colton Patricia , Cheng Joyce , Olmsted Marion , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the direct health care costs of eating disorders in Ontario, Canada, in 2012, using a prevalence‐based cost‐of‐illness approach.MethodWe selected a population‐based sample of all patients eligible for public health care insurance over the age of 4 with a hospitalization for an eating disorder at any point since 1988. We estimated total and mean direct net costs per patient in 2012, from the third public payer perspective, by sex, age group, and health service type.ResultsIn 2012, there were 6,326 patients ever hospitalized for an eating disorder. They had a mean age of 31 at hospitalization, were mostly female (93%), and generally from high‐income, urban neighborhoods. Direct total costs were just under $63 million CAD; direct net costs were roughly $48 million CAD. Mean net costs per patient were higher for females than males ($7,743.40 and $6,340.50, respectively), and higher for patients under 20 and patients 65+ ($17,961.50 and $14,953.90, respectively). The main cost drivers were psychiatric hospitalizations and physician visits, although this varied by age group. For younger patients, net costs were mainly because of psychiatric hospitalizations, while for older patients net costs were mainly because of psychiatric and nonpsychiatric hospitalizations, and other care.DiscussionThe cost of eating disorders is substantial and varies by sex and age group. Our findings suggest that, from a health care utilization/cost perspective, the effect of eating disorders is likely to persist over the lifespan.
Navigational efficiency in a biased and correlated random walk model of individual animal movement
Authors: Bailey Joseph D. , Wallis Jamie , Codling Edward A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how an individual animal is able to navigate through its environment is a key question in movement ecology that can give insight into observed movement patterns and the mechanisms behind them. Efficiency of navigation is important for behavioral processes at a range of different spatio‐temporal scales, including foraging and migration. Random walk models provide a standard framework for modeling individual animal movement and navigation. Here we consider a vector‐weighted biased and correlated random walk (BCRW) model for directed movement (taxis), where external navigation cues are balanced with forward persistence. We derive a mathematical approximation of the expected navigational efficiency for any BCRW of this form and confirm the model predictions using simulations. We demonstrate how the navigational efficiency is related to the weighting given to forward persistence and external navigation cues, and highlight the counter‐intuitive result that for low (but realistic) levels of error on forward persistence, a higher navigational efficiency is achieved by giving more weighting to this indirect navigation cue rather than direct navigational cues. We discuss and interpret the relevance of these results for understanding animal movement and navigation strategies.
Altered structure and functional connection in patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Tsai Yuan‐Hsiung , Yuan Rui , Patel Dharni , Chandrasekaran Subhashini , Weng Hsu‐Huei , Yang Jen‐Tsung , Lin Ching‐Po , Biswal Bharat B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractClassical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a specific type of neuropathic orofacial pain of which the plasticity of brain structure and connectivity have remained largely unknown. A total of 62 TN patients were included and referred to MRI scans. Voxel‐based morphometry was used to analyze the change of gray matter volume. Resting‐state functional imaging was used to analyze the connectivity between brain regions. The results showed gray matter volume reduction in components of the prefrontal cortex, precentral gyrus, cerebellar tonsil, thalamus, hypothalamus, and nucleus accumbens among right TN patient and in the inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, cerebellum, thalamus, ventral striatum, and putamen among left TN patients. The connections between the right superior frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus were lower in right TN patients. The connection between the left precentral gyrus and the left superior frontal gyrus was lower while the connection between bilateral thalamus was higher in left TN patients. The changes of volume in bilateral thalamus of right TN patients and left ventral striatum of left TN patients, and the connectivity between bilateral thalamus of left TN patients were moderately correlated with pain duration. These findings suggest that brain regions such as the thalamus may not only be involved in processing of pain stimuli but also be important for the development of TN. The left hemisphere may be dominant in processing and modulation of TN pain signal. Chronification of TN induces volume changes in brain regions which are associated with emotional or cognitive modulation of pain. Hum Brain Mapp 39:609–621, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of New Gold (I)‐Catalyzed Carbocyclizations and their Applications in the Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: McGee Philippe , Brousseau Julie , Barriault Louis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFor many years, gold was considered inactive to catalyze organic transformations. In the last two decades, gold(I/III) complexes have emerged as efficient catalyst for the formation of C−O, C−N and C−C bonds. In particular, monomeric organogold complexes whose binding affinity for alkenes, allenes and alkynes opened new directions in organic synthesis. More recently, dimeric gold species were used as photocatalyst in light‐enabling processes. Taking advantage of the gold unique reactivity, we describe the development of novel transformations catalyzed by gold and their applications in the synthesis of natural products.
Sterilization effects on ultrathin film polymer coatings for silicon‐based implantable medical devices
Authors: Iqbal Zohora , Moses Willieford , Kim Steven , Kim Eun Jung , Fissell William H. , Roy Shuvo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNovel biomaterials for medical device applications must be stable throughout all stages of preparation for surgery, including sterilization. There is a paucity of information on the effects of sterilization on sub‐10 nm‐thick polymeric surface coatings suitable for silicon‐based bioartificial organs. This study explores the effect of five standard sterilization methods on three surface coatings applied to silicon: polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA), and poly (2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC). Autoclave, dry heat, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plasma, ethylene oxide gas (EtO), and electron beam (E‐beam) treated coatings were analyzed to determine possible polymer degradation with sterilization. Poststerilization, there were significant alterations in contact angle, maximum change resulting from H2O2 (Δ − 14°), autoclave (Δ + 15°), and dry heat (Δ + 23°) treatments for PEG, pSBMA, and pMPC, respectively. Less than 5% coating thickness change was found with autoclave and EtO on PEG‐silicon, E‐beam on pSBMA‐silicon and EtO treatment on pMPC‐silicon. H2O2 treatment resulted in at least 30% decrease in thickness for all coatings. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays showed significant protein adsorption increase for pMPC‐silicon following all sterilization methods. E‐beam on PEG‐silicon and dry‐heat treatment on pSBMA‐silicon exhibited maximum protein adsorption in each coating subset. Overall, the data suggest autoclave and EtO treatments are well‐suited for PEG‐silicon, while E‐beam is best suited for pSBMA‐silicon. pMPC‐silicon was least impacted by EtO treatment. H2O2 treatment had a negative effect on all three coatings. These results can be used to determine which surface modifications and sterilization processes to utilize for devices in vivo. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2327–2336, 2018.
Neuroprotective effect of licochalcone A against oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion in rat primary cortical neurons by attenuating oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response via the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Ma Ying , Wei Xiaodi , Fan Ting 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPerinatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of neonatal death and neurological disability. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are typical pathogenic factors of HIE. Licochalcone A (LCA) exerts various biological properties, including anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, no data have been reported to elucidate the role of LCA in the development of HIE. In the present study, primary cultured rat cortical neurons were exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro to simulate the in vivo situation of neonatal HIE. Interestingly, LCA significantly antagonized cell injury under OGD/R by increasing cell survival, inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment with LCA suppressed oxidative stress by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in primary rat cortical neurons after OGD/R. LCA stimulation also restrained OGD/R‐triggered increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) production. Importantly, LCA treatment effectively counteracts OGD/R‐mediated downregulation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF‐κB p65). Moreover, administration with SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 partly abolished LCA‐induced neuroprotective effects on rat cortical neurons exposed to OGD/R. In conclusion, our study indicates that LCA exerts a neuroprotective effect against OGD/R‐induced neuronal injury in rat primary cortical neurons, suggesting that LCA might act as a candidate therapeutic target drug used for HIE and related diseases.
Loss of Spry1 attenuates vascular smooth muscle proliferation by impairing mitogen‐mediated changes in cell cycle regulatory circuits
Authors: Yang Xuehui , Gong Yan , He Qing , Licht Jonathan D. , Liaw Lucy , Friesel Robert E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSignals from growth factors or mechanical stimuli converge to promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation, key events in the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia upon vascular injury. Spry1, a regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), plays a role in maintaining the contractile phenotype of VSMC. The aim of the current study was to determine the role of Spry1 in VSMC proliferation in vitro and injury induced neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. VSMC proliferation and neointima formation were evaluated in cultured human aortic SMC (hAoSMC) and ligation‐induced injury of mouse carotid arteries from Spry1 gene targeted mice, and their corresponding wild type littermates. Human Spry1 or non‐targeting control lentiviral shRNAs were used to knock down Spry1 in hAoSMC. Time course cell cycle analysis showed a reduced fraction of S‐phase cells at 12 and 24 h after growth medium stimulation in Spry1 shRNA transduced hAoSMC. Consistent with reduced S‐phase entry, the induction of cyclinD1 and the levels of pRbS807/S811, pH3Ser10, and pCdc2 were also reduced, while the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 was maintained in Spry1 knockdown hAoSMC. In vivo, loss of Spry1 attenuated carotid artery ligation‐induced neointima formation in mice, and this effect was accompanied by a decrease in cell proliferation similar to the in vitro results. Our findings demonstrate that loss of Spry1 attenuates mitogen‐induced VSMC proliferation, and thus injury‐induced neointimal hyperplasia likely via insufficient activation of Akt signaling causing decreased cyclinD1 and increased p27Kip1 and a subsequent decrease in Rb and cdc2 phosphorylation.
Pharmacokinetics of Nintedanib in Subjects With Hepatic Impairment
Authors: Marzin Kristell , Kretschmar Gunther , Luedtke Doreen , Kraemer Sandrine , Kuelzer Raimund , Schlenker‐Herceg Rozsa , Schmid Ulrike , Schnell David , Dallinger Claudia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNintedanib is an intracellular inhibitor of tyrosine kinases used in the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This phase 1 open‐label study investigated the influence of mild and moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of nintedanib following oral administration of a single 100‐mg dose. Subjects with hepatic impairment classified as Child‐Pugh A (mild hepatic impairment) or Child‐Pugh B (moderate hepatic impairment) were eligible. The control group comprised healthy matched subjects. Primary end points were Cmax and AUC0–∞ of nintedanib. Thirty‐three subjects received nintedanib (8 in each of the Child‐Pugh A and Child‐Pugh B groups and 17 controls). The shape of the plasma concentration–time curve for nintedanib was similar between Child‐Pugh A or B and healthy subjects. Nintedanib exposure was ∼2‐fold higher in Child‐Pugh A subjects and ∼8‐fold higher in Child‐Pugh B subjects than in healthy subjects. Adverse events were reported in 3 Child‐Pugh B subjects (37.5%), no Child‐Pugh A subjects, and 3 healthy subjects (17.6%). In conclusion, exposure to nintedanib was higher in Child‐Pugh A and B subjects than in matched healthy subjects. A single dose of nintedanib 100 mg had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in subjects with hepatic impairment. Results of this dedicated phase 1 study are in line with exploratory investigations into the PK of nintedanib in patients with advanced solid tumors or IPF and hepatic impairment.
Simulation of the simultaneous dual‐frequency resonance excitation of ions in a linear ion trap
Authors: Xu Chongsheng , Xu Fuxing , Konenkov N. V. , Ding Chuan‐Fan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe process of ion resonance dipolar excitation in a linear ion trap by 2 ejection waveforms with close frequencies is studied. The physical mechanism of increasing the resolving power using the ion excitation is a nonlinearity of the electric radio frequency fields caused by space charge. Using 2 resonance forces with 2 close frequencies leads to the completion of 2 excitation processes. In the case of the perfect quadrupole electric field, the ion motion equations are linear, and as a result, the respondent ion ensemble is also a linear and valid superposition principle. Nevertheless, the resolution increases (20%) in the case of lack of a space charge in an operating mode with a dual‐frequency. The numerical simulations show that the mass shift is removed, and the mass resolution is increased via dual‐frequency resonance excitation when the frequency difference (approximately 2.5 kHz) is relatively small and the phase difference of 2 harmonic signals is
even at a high linear ion density of up to 50 000 ions per radius field r0.
Regional climate trends and topographic influence over the Western Ghat catchments of India
Authors: Mudbhatkal Amogh , Amai Mahesha 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the role of elevation stratification and climate change on the hydrology of Western Ghat catchments during the period from 1951 to 2013 using gridded data. The trend analysis of rainfall and temperature was conducted using the Mann–Kendall trend test, and the hydrological modelling of the rivers was conducted using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. To characterize the spatial distribution of rainfall and streamflow based on elevation stratification, contemporary rainfall zones were delineated and the response of each zone was evaluated. The results indicated that the maximum rainfall occurs at certain distance on the windward side from the crest of the Western Ghats. On the leeward side (eastern plateau), the rainfall is maximum at crest (Western Ghats) and decreases with distance. The rivers in the southern portion of the Western Ghats of India were highly vulnerable to changing climate followed by the central portion. The annual and monsoon rainfall in the southern river decreased at 0.43 and 0.30% decade−1 (1% significance level), respectively. The summer rainfall in the river of the central portion (Netravathi River) decreased at 0.44% decade−1. The annual air temperature of the southern river catchment (Vamanapuram) increased at the rate of 0.12 °C decade−1 (at 0.1% significance level), and the air temperature of the central rivers increased at the rate of 0.09, 0.08, and 0.07 °C (0.1% significance level), respectively. The streamflow response of the southern and central rivers was discernible as the monsoon flow decreased at 37% decade−1 (0.1% significance level) in the southern river and 10% decade−1 (5% significance level) in the central river. Interestingly, the pristine Aghanashini River demonstrated resilience to climate change with an increase in annual rainfall and streamflow at 115 mm decade−1 (5% significance level) and 0.71 Mm3 decade−1 (0.1% significance level), respectively.
Low‐dose lithium regimen enhances endochondral fracture healing in osteoporotic rodent bone
Authors: Vachhani Kathak , Whyne Cari , Wang Yufa , Burns David M. , Nam Diane 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTOsteoporotic bone fractures are highly prevalent and involve lengthy recovery. Lithium, commonly used in psychiatric medicine, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase‐3β in the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, leading to up‐regulation of osteogenesis. Our recent preclinical work demonstrated that a 20 mg/kg lithium dose administered beginning 7 days post‐fracture for 14 days optimally improved femoral fracture healing in healthy rats at 4 weeks post fracture (46% higher torsional strength). In this study, lithium treatment was evaluated for healing of osteoporotic bone fractures. Six‐month‐old ovariectomized rats were subjected to closed, load‐drop induced femoral diaphyseal fracture. Two regimens involving treatment initiation on day 7 and day 10, respectively, 20 mg/kg/day oral dose and 14 days duration were evaluated. Femurs of lithium‐ vs. saline‐ treated rats were analyzed at 4 weeks (for day 7 onset regimen) or 6 weeks (for day 10 onset regimen) post‐fracture by stereology and torsional mechanical testing. Initiation on day 10 led to a significant 50% higher maximum yield torque (primary outcome measure) at 6 weeks (309 vs. 206 N‐mm, p = 0.005; n = 7, 7). Initiation on day 7 suggested a trend toward a more modest improvement in maximum yield torque (13%) evaluated at 4 weeks post‐fracture (234 vs. 206 N‐mm, p = 0.10; n = 10, 13). Qualitatively, lithium‐treated femurs demonstrated better periosteal and mineralized callus bridging in the day 10 initiation group. Lithium is a widely‐available, orally administered, low‐cost drug, which represents a feasible pharmacological intervention for both healthy and osteoporotic fracture healing. This study provides important guidelines for future clinical evaluation of lithium in osteoporotic fracture patients. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1783–1789, 2018.
Transcriptomic analysis of synovial extracellular RNA following knee trauma: A pilot study
Authors: Griswold Anthony J. , Perez Jose , Nuytemans Karen , Strong Thomas A. , Wang Liyong , Vance Danica D. , Ennis Hayley , Smith Marvin K. , Best Thomas M. , Vance Jeffery M. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Kaplan Lee D. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTTraumatic knee injuries often result in damage to articular cartilage and other joint structures. Such trauma is a strong risk factor for the future development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways modulating response to knee joint trauma remain unclear. Moreover, investigations of biomarkers influencing responses have been targeted rather than broad, unbiased discovery studies. Herein, we characterize the complete complement of extracellular RNA (exRNA) in the synovial fluid of 14 subjects following knee injury. Fluid was collected during surgery from the injured knees, and from the contralateral knee in a subset, undergoing surgical repair of the ACL and/or meniscal repair/debridement. Arthroscopic grading of chondral damage in four knee compartments was performed using the Outerbridge classification. exRNA was extracted and subjected to massively parallel total RNA sequencing. Differential abundance of RNA was calculated between the subject cohorts of injured and non‐injured knee, average Outerbridge score ≥0.5 and less, and chronic and acute injury duration defined as ≤4 months till surgery or longer. Overall, expression of several thousand genes was identified in the synovial fluid. Furthermore, differential expression analysis suggests a role of exRNA fragments of matrix metalloproteinases and skeletal muscle fiber genes in the response to traumatic injury. Together, these data suggest that high‐throughput approaches can indicate exRNA molecular signatures following knee trauma. Future studies are required to more fully characterize the biological roles of these exRNA and the cadence of their respective release that may lead to translational treatment options for post‐traumatic OA. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1659–1665, 2018.
Chemical profiling and quantification of ShenKang injection, a systematic quality control strategy using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole orbitrap high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Tanye , Zuo Lihua , Sun Zhi , Wang Peile , Zhou Lin , Lv Xiaojing , Jia Qingquan , Liu Xin , Jiang Xiaofang , Zhu Zhenfeng , Kang Jian , Zhang Xiaojian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractShenKang injection is traditional Chinese medicine used to treat chronic renal failure in China. It is a compound preparation that consists of four herbs: Rhubarb, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Safflower and Radix Astragali. We developed an ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole‐orbitrap high resolution accurate mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry method to analyze its chemical compositions, and a total of 90 compounds were identified from ShenKang injection. Among them, 19 major compounds were unambiguously detected by comparing with reference standards. Meanwhile, 13 representative compounds selected as quality control markers were simultaneously quantified in ShenKang injection samples. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Waters ACQUITY HPLC® HSS C18 column using gradient elution. The method was validated with respect to linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, reproducibility and stability. And the validated method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of 13 bioactive compounds in ShenKang injection from ten batches of samples by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The results were analyzed by principal components analysis method, and three compounds had a significant relationship with the quality control of ShenKang injection. This research established a rapid and reliable method for the integrating quality control, including qualitation and quantification of ShenKang injection.