bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Treatment Concepts for Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Rautenberg Oliver , Zivanovic Irena , Kociszewski Jacek , Kuszka Andrzej , Münst Julia , Eisele Lilly , Viereck Nicole , Walser Claudia , Gamper Marianne , Viereck Volker 
Published: November 2017

Aktuelle Behandlungskonzepte bei BelastungsinkontinenzZusammenfassung. Eine Belastungsinkontinenz sollte immer zuerst konservativ behandelt werden. Schon eine Gewichtsreduktion, Hormonpräparate, Physiotherapie, Beckenbodentraining und/oder die Anwendung von Pessaren können zum Erfolg führen. Nach Ausschöpfen dieser Therapien werden heute Inkontinenzoperationen mit meist sehr guten Heilungschancen (ca. 80–90 %) angeboten. Der operative Goldstandard ist die suburethrale Schlingeneinlage. Die Pelvic-Floor-Sonografie liefert dazu sehr wichtige Hinweise zur Wahl der Operationstechnik und zur Behebung von Komplikationen. Ferner bildet die intra- oder paraurethrale Injektion von Bulking Agents eine vielversprechende, wenig invasive operative Alternative. In diesem Artikel werden Behandlungskonzepte, prä-, intra- und postoperative Untersuchungen, Wahl der Operationsmethode, operationstechnische Details für den Operationserfolg sowie Vorbeugung und Behandlung von Komplikationen diskutiert.
Circular RNA expression is suppressed by androgen receptor (AR)-regulated adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (ADAR1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shi Liang , Yan Peijian , Liang Yuelong , Sun Yin , Shen Jiliang , Zhou Senjun , Lin Hui , Liang Xiao , Cai Xiujun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy as a result of complex genetic and epigenetic alterations. HCC is characterized by a clear gender disparity for which there is lack of a clear mechanistic understanding. Androgen receptor (AR) is thought to be critical for such bias. Meanwhile, the potential function of circular RNA (circRNA), regulated by RNA editing enzyme, remained largely unknown in malignancy till now. By utilizing circRNA microarray survey coupled with in vitro analysis, we analyzed the influence of AR on circRNA expression in HCC. Our results indicated that AR could suppress circRNA expression by upregulating ADAR1 p110. Such effect is because AR served as a transcriptional activator of ADAR1 promoter. More significantly, data collected from our center strongly suggest that ADAR1 expression can effectively predict HCC patients’ prognosis and an abnormal overexpression of ADAR1 is positively correlated with AR in HCC. In addition, we found CircARSP91 (hsa_circ_0085154), one of the circRNAs downregulated by AR in an ADAR1-dependent manner, could inhibit HCC tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. These findings highlight the fact that AR as a contributing factor for gender disparity in HCC can cause complex consequences though regulation of circRNA expression. Better understanding of the roles of circRNA during HCC initiation and progression will provide a novel angle to develop potential HCC therapies.
Reassessment of chitosanase substrate specificities and classification
Authors: Weikert Tobias , Niehues Anna , Cord-Landwehr Stefan , Hellmann Margareta J. , Moerschbacher Bruno M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChitosanases can be used to produce partially acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides (paCOS) for different applications, provided they are thoroughly characterized. However, recent studies indicate that the established classification system for chitosanases is too simplistic. Here, we apply a highly sensitive method for quantitatively sequencing paCOS to reassess the substrate specificities of the best-characterized class I–III chitosanases. The enzymes’ abilities to cleave bonds at GlcNAc residues positioned at subsite (−1) or (+1), on which the classification system is based, vary especially when the substrates have different fractions of acetylation (F
A
). Conflicts with the recent classification are observed at higher F
A
, which were not investigated in prior specificity determinations. Initial analyses of pectin-degrading enzymes reveal that classifications of other polysaccharide-degrading enzymes should also be critically reassessed. Based on our results, we tentatively suggest a chitosanase classification system which is based on specificities and preferences of subsites (−2) to (+2).
MafB is a critical regulator of complement component C1q
Authors: Tran Mai Thi Nhu , Hamada Michito , Jeon Hyojung , Shiraishi Risako , Asano Keigo , Hattori Motochika , Nakamura Megumi , Imamura Yuki , Tsunakawa Yuki , Fujii Risa , Usui Toshiaki , Kulathunga Kaushalya , Andrea Christina-Sylvia , Koshida Ryusuke , Kamei Risa , Matsunaga Yurina , Kobayashi Makoto , Oishi Hisashi , Kudo Takashi , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe transcription factor MafB is expressed by monocytes and macrophages. Efferocytosis (apoptotic cell uptake) by macrophages is important for inhibiting the development of autoimmune diseases, and is greatly reduced inMafb-deficient macrophages. Here, we show the expression of the first protein in the classical complement pathway C1q is important for mediating efferocytosis and is reduced inMafb-deficient macrophages. The efferocytosis defect inMafb-deficient macrophages can be rescued by adding serum from wild-type mice, but not by adding serum from C1q-deficient mice. By hemolysis assay we also show that activation of the classical complement pathway is decreased inMafb-deficient mice. In addition, MafB overexpression induces C1q-dependent gene expression and signals that induce C1q genes are less effective in the absence of MafB. We also show thatMafb-deficiency can increase glomerular autoimmunity, including anti-nuclear antibody deposition. These results show that MafB is an important regulator of C1q.
Structurally triggered metal-insulator transition in rare-earth nickelates
Authors: Mercy Alain , Bieder Jordan , Íñiguez Jorge , Ghosez Philippe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRare-earth nickelates form an intriguing series of correlated perovskite oxides. Apart from LaNiO3, they exhibit on cooling a sharp metal-insulator electronic phase transition, a concurrent structural phase transition, and a magnetic phase transition toward an unusual antiferromagnetic spin order. Appealing for various applications, full exploitation of these compounds is still hampered by the lack of global understanding of the interplay between their electronic, structural, and magnetic properties. Here we show from first-principles calculations that the metal-insulator transition of nickelates arises from the softening of an oxygen-breathing distortion, structurally triggered by oxygen-octahedra rotation motions. The origin of such a rare triggered mechanism is traced back in their electronic and magnetic properties, providing a united picture. We further develop a Landau model accounting for the metal-insulator transition evolution in terms of the rare-earth cations and rationalizing how to tune this transition by acting on oxygen rotation motions.
Intensification of terrestrial carbon cycle related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation under greenhouse warming
Authors: Kim Jin-Soo , Kug Jong-Seong , Jeong Su-Jong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives interannual variation in the global carbon cycle. However, the relationship between ENSO and the carbon cycle can be modulated by climate change due to anthropogenic forcing. We show herein that the sensitivity of the terrestrial carbon flux to ENSO will be enhanced under greenhouse warming by 44% ( ± 15%), indicating a future amplification of carbon–climate interactions. Separating the contributions of the changes in carbon sensitivity reveals that the response of land surface temperature to ENSO and the sensitivity of gross primary production to local temperature are significantly enhanced under greenhouse warming, thereby amplifying the ENSO–carbon-cycle coupling. In a warm climate, depletion of soil moisture increases temperature response in a given ENSO event. These findings suggest that the ENSO-related carbon cycle will be enhanced by hydroclimate changes caused by anthropogenic forcing.
The combination of CHK1 inhibitor with G-CSF overrides cytarabine resistance in human acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Di Tullio Alessandro , Rouault-Pierre Kevin , Abarrategi Ander , Mian Syed , Grey William , Gribben John , Stewart Aengus , Blackwood Elizabeth , Bonnet Dominique 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCytarabine (AraC) represents the most effective single agent treatment for AML. Nevertheless, overriding AraC resistance in AML remains an unmet medical need. Here we show that the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) GDC-0575 enhances AraC-mediated killing of AML cells both in vitro and in vivo, thus abrogating any potential chemoresistance mechanisms involving DNA repair. Importantly, this combination of drugs does not affect normal long-term hematopoietic stem/progenitors. Moreover, the addition of CHK1i to AraC does not generate de novo mutations and in patients’ samples where AraC is mutagenic, addition of CHK1i appears to eliminate the generation of mutant clones. Finally, we observe that persistent residual leukemic cells are quiescent and can become responsive to the treatment when forced into cycle via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration. This drug combination (AraC+CHK1i+G-CSF) will open the doors for a more efficient treatment of AML in the clinic.
Checkpoint kinase 1 is essential for normal B cell development and lymphomagenesis
Authors: Schuler Fabian , Weiss Johannes G. , Lindner Silke E. , Lohmüller Michael , Herzog Sebastian , Spiegl Simon F. , Menke Philipp , Geley Stephan , Labi Verena , Villunger Andreas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCheckpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is critical for intrinsic cell cycle control and coordination of cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage. Despite its essential function, CHK1 has been identified as a target to kill cancer cells and studies using Chk1 haploinsufficient mice initially suggested a role as tumor suppressor. Here, we report on the key role of CHK1 in normal B-cell development, lymphomagenesis and cell survival. Chemical CHK1 inhibition induces BCL2-regulated apoptosis in primary as well as malignant B-cells and CHK1 expression levels control the timing of lymphomagenesis in mice. Moreover, total ablation of Chk1 in B-cells arrests their development at the pro-B cell stage, a block that, surprisingly, cannot be overcome by inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis, as cell cycle arrest is initiated as an alternative fate to limit the spread of damaged DNA. Our findings define CHK1 as essential in B-cell development and potent target to treat blood cancer.
Watt-level 10-gigahertz solid-state laser enabled by self-defocusing nonlinearities in an aperiodically poled crystal
Authors: Mayer A. S. , Phillips C. R. , Keller U. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFemtosecond modelocked lasers with multi-gigahertz pulse repetition rates are attractive sources for all applications that require individually resolvable frequency comb lines or high sampling rates. However, the modelocked laser architectures demonstrated so far have several issues, including the need for single-mode pump lasers, limited output power, Q-switching instabilities and challenging cavity geometries. Here, we introduce a technique that solves these issues. In a two-dimensionally patterned quasi-phase-matching (QPM) device, we create a large, low-loss self-defocusing nonlinearity, which simultaneously provides SESAM-assisted soliton modelocking in the normal dispersion regime and suppresses Q-switching induced damage. We demonstrate femtosecond passive modelocking at 10-GHz pulse repetition rates from a simple straight laser cavity, directly pumped by a low-cost highly spatially multimode pump diode. The 10.6-GHz Yb:CaGdAlO4 (Yb:CALGO) laser delivers 166-fs pulses at 1.2 W of average output power. This enables a new class of femtosecond modelocked diode-pumped solid-state lasers with repetition rates at 10 GHz and beyond.
Exposure to Violence Accelerates Epigenetic Aging in Children
Authors: Jovanovic Tanja , Vance L. Alexander , Cross Dorthie , Knight Anna K. , Kilaru Varun , Michopoulos Vasiliki , Klengel Torsten , Smith Alicia K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEpigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, change reliably with age across the lifespan, such that DNA methylation can be used as an “epigenetic clock”. This epigenetic clock can be used to predict age and age acceleration, which occurs when methylation-based prediction of age exceeds chronological age and has been associated with increased mortality. In the current study we examined epigenetic age acceleration using saliva samples collected from children between ages 6–13 (N = 101). Children’s exposure to neighborhood violence and heart rate during a stressful task were assessed. Age acceleration was associated with children’s direct experience of violence (p = 0.004) and with decreased heart rate (p = 0.002). Children who were predicted to be older than their chronological age had twice as much violence exposure as other children and their heart rate was similar to that of adults. The results remained significant after controlling for demographic variables, such as sex, income and education. This is the first study to show the effects of direct violence exposure on epigenetic aging in children using salivary DNA. Although longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether accelerated epigenetic aging leads to adverse health outcomes later in life, these data point to DNA methylation during childhood as a putative biological mechanism.
Tcf7l2 plays pleiotropic roles in the control of glucose homeostasis, pancreas morphology, vascularization and regeneration
Authors: Facchinello Nicola , Tarifeño-Saldivia Estefania , Grisan Enrico , Schiavone Marco , Peron Margherita , Mongera Alessandro , Ek Olivier , Schmitner Nicole , Meyer Dirk , Peers Bernard , Tiso Natascia , Argenton Francesco 
Published: November 2017

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease characterized by impaired insulin secretion. The Wnt signaling transcription factor Tcf7l2 is to date the T2D-associated gene with the largest effect on disease susceptibility. However, the mechanisms by which TCF7L2 variants affect insulin release from β-cells are not yet fully understood. By taking advantage of a tcf7l2 zebrafish mutant line, we first show that these animals are characterized by hyperglycemia and impaired islet development. Moreover, we demonstrate that the zebrafish tcf7l2 gene is highly expressed in the exocrine pancreas, suggesting potential bystander effects on β-cell growth, differentiation and regeneration. Finally, we describe a peculiar vascular phenotype in tcf7l2 mutant larvae, characterized by significant reduction in the average number and diameter of pancreatic islet capillaries. Overall, the zebrafish Tcf7l2 mutant, characterized by hyperglycemia, pancreatic and vascular defects, and reduced regeneration proves to be a suitable model to study the mechanism of action and the pleiotropic effects of Tcf7l2, the most relevant T2D GWAS hit in human populations.
Two opposite size effects of hardness at real nano-scale and their distinct origins
Authors: Yang Rong , Zhang Qun , Xiao Pan , Wang Jun , Bai Yilong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough it has been well known that hardness of metals obtained with conical indenter remains a constant of about 3 times yield strength in conventional tests, and hardness will show a size effect of increasing hardness with decreasing indentation depth in micro-scale beyond 100 nm, the nano-indentation hardness experiments within 100 nm indentation depth usually show a large deviation and unclear trends. We report the cross-validated experimental and numerical results of two opposite depth-dependences of hardness at real nano-scale. That is to say, the indentation size effect (ISE) of hardness of single-crystal copper shows a rapid increase and then a slow decrease with increasing indentation depth within 100 nm depth. All of the results were coss-checked by means of both elaborated nano-indentation experiments with calibrated indenter tips and large scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Further analysis of the MD results and experimental data reveal that the two opposite ISE of nano-hardness should be attributed to the finite roundness of the indenter tip and the intrinsic transition governing property of the material.
Destructive influence of interlayer coupling on Heider balance in bilayer networks
Authors: Górski Piotr J. , Kułakowski Krzysztof , Gawroński Przemysław , Hołyst Janusz A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe consider the problem of Heider balance in a link multiplex, i.e. a special multiplex where coupling exists only between corresponding links. Numerical simulations and analytical calculations demonstrate that the presence of such interlayer connections hinders the emergence of the Heider balance. The effect is especially pronounced when the interactions between layers are negative, similarly as in antiferromagnetically coupled spin layers. The larger is the network, the narrower is the region of coupling parameters where the Heider balance can exist. If the interlayer couplings are of opposite signs and are strong enough, then the link dynamics can be reduced to the system of weakly coupled harmonic oscillators. For large strongly-coupled networks and randomly chosen initial conditions the probability of attaining the Heider balance decreases with the network size N as $${2}^{-{N}^{2}/2}$$

2

−

N

2

/
2

. Our finding can explain a lack of the Heider balance in many social systems, where multilayer structures mediate social interactions.
Encapsulation of primary dopaminergic neurons in a GDNF-loaded collagen hydrogel increases their survival, re-innervation and function after intra-striatal transplantation
Authors: Moriarty Niamh , Pandit Abhay , Dowd Eilís 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPoor graft survival limits the use of primary dopaminergic neurons for neural repair in Parkinson’s disease. Injectable hydrogels have the potential to significantly improve the outcome of such reparative approaches by providing a physical matrix for cell encapsulation which can be further enriched with pro-survival factors. Therefore, this study sought to determine the survival and efficacy of primary dopaminergic grafts after intra-striatal delivery in a glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-loaded collagen hydrogel in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. After intra-striatal transplantation into the lesioned striatum, the GDNF-enriched collagen hydrogel significantly improved the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the graft (5-fold), increased their capacity for striatal re-innervation (3-fold), and enhanced their functional efficacy. Additional studies suggested that this was due to the hydrogel’s ability to retain GDNF in the microenvironment of the graft, and to protect the transplanted cells from the host immune response. In conclusion, the encapsulation of dopaminergic neurons in a GDNF-loaded hydrogel dramatically increased their survival and function, providing further evidence of the potential of biomaterials for neural transplantation and brain repair in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.
Changes in cardiac arrest patients’ temperature management after the publication of 2015 AHA guidelines for resuscitation in China
Authors: Du Lanfang , Ge Baolan , Ma Qingbian , Yang Jianzhong , Chen Fengying , Mi Yuhong , Zhu Huadong , Wang Cong , Li Yan , Zhang Hongbo , Yang Rongjia , Guan Jian , Zhang Yixiong , Jin Guiyun , Zhu Haiyan , Xiong Yan , Wang Guoxing , Zhu Zhengzhong , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Yun , Zhu Jihong , Li Jie , Lan Chao , Xiong Hui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA survey was performed to assess the current management of targeted temperature management (TTM) in patients following cardiac arrest (CA) and whether healthcare providers will change target temperature after publication of 2015 American Heart Association guidelines for resuscitation in China. 52 hospitals were selected from whole of China between August to November 2016. All healthcare providers in EMs and/or ICUs of selected hospitals participated in the study. 1952 respondents fulfilled the survey (86.8%). TTM in CA patients was declared by 14.5% of physicians and 6.7% of the nurses. Only 4 of 64 departments, 7.8% of physicians and 5.7% of the nurses had implemented TH for CA patients. Since the publication of 2015 AHA guidelines, 33.6% of respondents declared no modification of target temperature, whereas 51.5% declared a target temperature’s change in future practice. Respondents were more likely to choose 35∼36 °C-TTM (54.7%) after guidelines publication, as compared to that before guidelines publication they preferred 32∼34 °C-TTM (54.0%). TTM for CA patients was still in the early stage in China. Publication of 2015 resuscitation guidelines did have impact on choice of target temperature among healthcare providers. They preferred 35∼36 °C-TTM after guidelines publication.
Femtosecond to picosecond transient effects in WSe
2
observed by pump-probe angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Ro-Ya , Ogawa Yu , Chen Peng , Ozawa Kenichi , Suzuki Takeshi , Okada Masaru , Someya Takashi , Ishida Yukiaki , Okazaki Kozo , Shin Shik , Chiang Tai-Chang , Matsuda Iwao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTime-dependent responses of materials to an ultrashort optical pulse carry valuable information about the electronic and lattice dynamics; this research area has been widely studied on novel two-dimensional materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and topological insulators (TIs). We report herein a time-resolved and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TRARPES) study of WSe2, a layered semiconductor of interest for valley electronics. The results for below-gap optical pumping reveal energy-gain and -loss Floquet replica valence bands that appear instantaneously in concert with the pump pulse. Energy shift, broadening, and complex intensity variation and oscillation at twice the phonon frequency for the valence bands are observed at time scales ranging from the femtosecond to the picosecond and beyond. The underlying physics is rich, including ponderomotive interaction, dressing of the electronic states, creation of coherent phonon pairs, and diffusion of charge carriers – effects operating at vastly different time domains.
Genome-wide analysis shows that RNase G plays a global role in the stability of mRNAs in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Bernardini Alejandra , Martínez José L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGene expression is determined by critical processes such as RNA synthesis and degradation. Ribonucleases participate in the coordinated and differential decay of messenger RNAs. We describe a suitable method of normalization and calculation of mRNAs half-life values quantified by RNA-Seq. We determined the mRNA half-lives of more than 2000 genes in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia D457 and in an isogenic RNase G deficient mutant. Median half-lives were 2,74 and 3 min in the wild-type and the rng-deficient strain, respectively. The absence of RNase G resulted in an overall enhancement of mRNA half-life times, showing that many RNAs are targets of RNase G in S. maltophilia. Around 40 genes are likely to be regulated directly by RNase G since their half-lives were more than two-fold higher in the rng-deficient mutant. Gene length, GC content or expression levels did not correlate with mRNAs lifetimes, although groups of genes with different functions showed different RNA half-lives. Further, we predicted 1542 gene pairs to be part of the same operons in S. maltophilia. In contrast to what was described for other bacteria, our data indicate that RNase G has a global role in mRNA stability and consequently in the regulation of S. maltophilia gene expression.