bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arctic Ocean Shipping
Authors: Rothwell Donald R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractArctic Ocean shipping is on the brink of becoming a critical legal, geopolitical and security issue as a result of the impacts of climate change and increased interest in the Arctic Ocean from States that traditionally did not operate within the region. The law of the sea throughunclosprovides the key legal framework for the regulation of Arctic Ocean shipping, supplemented and extended by relatedimoconventions and national laws and regulations. This framework has been relied upon by the two major North American Arctic States – Canada and the United States – to develop the legal regime for the Northwest Passage and the Bering Strait. There have been historic disagreements between Canada and the United States with respect to the Northwest Passage, and while not resolved they have to date been managed through legal and political responses. Other straits may become more strategically significant as a result of climate change, including Nares Strait between Canada and Greenland.eezand high seas Arctic Ocean navigation by foreign flagged vessels also needs to be anticipated. Multiple issues are raised with respect to maritime security and the adequacy of the existing legal regime, including how Canada and the United States will respond to interest being expressed in Arctic shipping by Asian States such as China.
A new Dyckia species (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnioideae) from Brazilian Central-West region, Pantanal Mato-Grossense
Authors: PEREIRA EDDIE ESTEVES , GOUDA ERIC JOHN 
Published: January 2018

A new species of Dyckia from the municipality of Porto Murtinho, in the state Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is described and illustrated here and compared with two of the closest related species known. Its conservation status is discussed.
Smartphone Pressure Collection and Bias Correction Using Machine Learning
Authors: McNicholas Callie , Mass Clifford F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOver half a billion smartphones worldwide are now capable of measuring atmospheric pressure, providing a pressure network of unprecedented density and coverage. This paper describes novel approaches for the collection, quality control, and bias correction of such smartphone pressures. An Android app was developed and distributed to several thousand users, serving as a test bed for onboard pressure collection and quality-control strategies. New methods of pressure collection were evaluated, with a focus on reducing and quantifying sources of observation error and uncertainty. Using a machine learning approach, complex relationships between pressure bias and ancillary sensor data were used to predict and correct future pressure biases over a 4-week period from 10 November to 5 December 2016. This approach, in combination with simple quality-control checks, produced an 82% reduction in the average smartphone pressure bias, substantially improving the quality of smartphone pressures and facilitating their use in numerical weather prediction.
That Door You Just Kicked in Was Locked for Your Protection, Not Mine
Authors: Schreck Christopher J. , Berg Mark T. , Fisher Bonnie S. , Wilcox Pamela 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: This research investigates tendencies for individuals to preference adopting weaponry to protect their home over unarmed defensive measures such as installing a lock or alarm. We extend the subculture of violence perspective to account for specific choices and test this approach against hypotheses related to situational reactions to threat. Methods: To explore differential preferences in crime prevention choices for protecting the home, we use data from 1,961 Seattle adults, collected during 2002 to 2003. We employ Osgood and Schreck’s multilevel item response theory–based method as our statistical approach. Results: The results indicate that those who endorse the values of the subculture of violence are more likely to have defensive weaponry among their countermeasures against crime, although the results also show that those who believe the police act justly are more likely to procure weapons. Situational reactions to threat also influenced choices, though not always in the predicted direction. Conclusions: Beliefs may be an important determinant for how people protect themselves against crime. Further, criminological theory can successfully explain crime prevention choices in the general population, indicating considerable untapped future directions for research.
The effect of different water vapor permeable jackets on moisture management, subjective perceptions and physiological parameters during submaximal exercise in a cool environment
Authors: Wenger Sebastian , Csapo Robert , Hasler Michael , Caven Barnaby , Wright Tom , Bechtold Thomas , Nachbauer Werner 
Published: January 2018

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of differences in water vapor permeability (WVP) of outdoor jackets on moisture management, subjective perceptions and physiological parameters under conditions typically encountered in outdoor sports. Four outdoor jackets differing only in their WVP were compared in a repeated measures study. A total of 19 subjects (nine females) were tested in a climatic chamber at 10℃ and 40% relative humidity. The protocol consisted of 15 min of rest, 50 min of treadmill running at 60% of the individual maximal running velocity, and 15 min of passive recovery. We found that jackets featuring greater WVP helped to reduce relative humidity underneath the jacket, resulting in less sweat residue in the clothing system and drier skin during exercise and rest. Subjects were also able to perceive the differences in the microclimate and reported feeling more comfortable and drier in the more permeable jackets. However, WVP did not have a significant effect on oxygen consumption, heart rate, tympanic temperature, overall loss of subjects’ body mass or on perceived exertion. It can be concluded that outdoor jackets with higher WVP benefit moisture management during submaximal exercise in cool temperatures by reducing relative humidity in the clothing system mostly during rest periods. This effect leads to a drier skin which favors perceived comfort and might reduce the after-chill effect. However, WVP of outdoor jackets neither significantly affects physiological responses nor perceived exertion during submaximal exercise in a cool environment.
Multimethod assessment of baseline depression and relationship to hepatitis C treatment discontinuation
Authors: Weiss Jeffrey J , Prieto Sarah , Bräu Norbert , Dieterich Douglas T , Marcus Sue M , Stivala Alicia , Gorman Jack M 
Published: January 2018

Objective The primary study objective is to determine which measures of depression are associated with early discontinuation of hepatitis C virus infection treatment and to determine which measure best characterizes the depression that develops during treatment. Methods Seventy-eight treatment-naïve subjects who initiated pegylated interferon/ribavirin treatment for hepatitis C virus infection were included. Baseline depression was assessed with the Structured Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The latter two measures were repeated at treatment weeks 12 and 24. Results Depression scores, as measured by the three instruments, lacked adequate consistency. Baseline depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, but not by the other scales, was associated with early treatment discontinuation at weeks 12 and 24. Changes in depression during treatment were restricted to somatic symptoms. Of those who completed treatment, those who were not depressed at baseline tended to demonstrate significant depression increases during treatment. Conclusion The Beck Depression Inventory-II is recommended to assess depression prior to hepatitis C virus infection treatment. Somatic symptoms of depression should be monitored during treatment. Baseline depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II was associated with early treatment discontinuation. The Beck Depression Inventory-II, Structured Interview for DSM-IV, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale yielded results that were not consistent with each other in this sample. Future research should focus on standardizing depression assessment in medically ill populations to identify measures that predict treatment discontinuation.
Two cases of high serum clozapine concentrations occurring during inflammation in Chinese patients
Authors: Ruan Can-Jun , Zhang Xiao-Ling , Guo Wei , Li Wen-Biao , Zhuang Hong-Yan , Li Ya-Qiong , Wang Chuan-Yue , Tang Yi-Lang , Zhou Fu-Chun , de Leon Jose 
Published: January 2018

Objective Serious infections or inflammations have been associated with serum clozapine concentration increases and sometimes with clozapine toxicity. Method These two cases describe Chinese patients (Case 1: a 57-year-old female nonsmoker with severe dermatitis and Case 2: a 47-year-old male nonsmoker with influenza and secondary infection). Results In both cases, the Drug Interaction Probability Scale established the presence of a probable drug–drug interaction. In both cases, the clozapine and the total clozapine concentration-to-dose ratios followed a temporal pattern (normal–high–normal), consistent with an inhibition of clozapine metabolism during peak inflammation. In the first case, the total clozapine concentration-to-dose ratio (8 with no/low inflammation: median of 3.10 and 2 at peak inflammation: median of 3.90) provided a significant difference (P = 0.044). In the second patient, because of the smaller sample size and reduced statistical power (4 with no infection: a median of 1.59 and 2 at peak infection: 3.46), the increase did not reach significance (P = 0.13). In the first case, the median baseline clozapine concentration-to-dose ratio increased by a factor of 1.45 from 2.00 to a peak of 2.89. To compensate for the inhibition of clozapine metabolism, the dose correction factor was 0.69 (1/1.45) or a decrease in dose of approximately one-third. In the second case, the median baseline clozapine concentration-to-dose ratio increased by a factor of 2.56 from 1.15 to a peak of 2.94. Conclusion This provided a dose correction factor of 0.40 (1/2.56) or approximately half the dose, similar to published cases in Caucasians with serious respiratory infections.
Economic Impact of Frozen Section for Thyroid Nodules with “Suspicious for Malignancy” Cytology
Authors: Bollig Craig A. , Gilley David , Lesko David , Jorgensen Jeffrey B. , Galloway Tabitha L. , Zitsch Robert P. , Dooley Laura M. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo perform a cost analysis of the routine use of intraoperative frozen section (iFS) among patients undergoing a thyroid lobectomy with “suspicious for malignancy” (SUSP) cytology in the context of the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines.Study DesignCase series with chart review; cost minimization analysis.SettingAcademic.Subjects and MethodsRecords were reviewed for patients with SUSP cytology who underwent thyroid surgery between 2010 and 2015 in which iFS was utilized. The diagnostic test performance of iFS and the frequency of indicated completion/total thyroidectomies based on the 2015 guidelines were calculated. A cost minimization analysis was performed comparing lobectomy, with and without iFS, and the need for completion thyroidectomy according to costs estimated from 2014 data from Medicare, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.ResultsSixty‐five patients met inclusion criteria. The malignancy rate was 61.5%, 45% of which was identified intraoperatively. The specificity and positive predictive value were 100%. The negative predictive value and sensitivity were 83% and 95%, respectively. Completion/total thyroidectomy was indicated for 9% of patients; 83% of these individuals had findings on iFS that would have changed management intraoperatively. Application of the new guidelines would have resulted in a significant reduction in the frequency of conversion to a total thyroidectomy when compared with the actual management (26.1% vs 7.7%, P =. 005). Performing routine iFS was the less costly scenario, resulting in a savings of $474 per case.ConclusionFor patients with SUSP cytology undergoing lobectomy, routine use of iFS would result in decreased health care utilization.
Quality Indicators: Measurement and Predictors in Head and Neck Cancer Free Flap Patients
Authors: Eskander Antoine , Kang Stephen Y. , Tweel Benjamin , Sitapara Jigar , Old Matthew , Ozer Enver , Agrawal Amit , Carrau Ricardo , Rocco James , Teknos Theodoros N. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the predictors of length of stay (LOS), readmission within 30 days, and unplanned return to the operating room (OR) within 30 days in head and neck free flap patients.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary academic cancer hospital.Subjects and MethodsAll head and neck free flap patients at The Ohio State University (OSU, 2006‐2012) were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression to assess the impact of patient factors, flap and wound factors, and intraoperative factors on the aforementioned quality metric outcomes.ResultsIn total, 515 patients were identified, of whom 66% had oral cavity cancers, 33% had recurrent tumors, and 28% underwent primary radiotherapy. Of the patients, 31.5% had a LOS greater than 9 days, predicted by longer operative time, oral cavity and pharyngeal tumor sites, blood transfusion, diabetes mellitus, and any complication. A total of 12.6% of patients were readmitted within 30 days predicted by absent OSU preoperative assessment clinic attendance and any complication, and 14.8% of patients had an unplanned OR return predicted by advanced age.ConclusionsWhen assessing quality metrics, adjustment for the complexity involved in managing patients with head and neck cancer with a high comorbidity index, clean contaminated wounds, and a high degree of primary radiotherapy is important. Patients seen in a preoperative assessment clinic had a lower risk of readmission postoperatively, and this should be recommended for all head and neck free flap patients. Quality improvement projects should focus on predictors and prevention of complications as this was the number one predictor of both increased length of stay and readmission.
The ‘Cancer Home-Life Intervention’: A randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of an occupational therapy–based intervention in people with advanced cancer
Authors: Pilegaard Marc Sampedro , la Cour Karen , Gregersen Oestergaard Lisa , Johnsen Anna Thit , Lindahl-Jacobsen Line , Højris Inger , Brandt Åse 
Published: January 2018

Background: People with advanced cancer face difficulties with their everyday activities at home that may reduce their health-related quality of life. To address these difficulties, we developed the ‘Cancer Home-Life Intervention’. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the ‘Cancer Home Life-Intervention’ compared with usual care with regard to patients’ performance of, and participation in, everyday activities, and their health-related quality of life. Design and intervention: A randomised controlled trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02356627). The ‘Cancer Home-Life Intervention’ is a brief, tailored, occupational therapy–based and adaptive programme for people with advanced cancer targeting the performance of their prioritised everyday activities. Setting/participants: Home-living adults diagnosed with advanced cancer experiencing functional limitations were recruited from two Danish hospitals. They were assessed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome was activities of daily living motor ability. Secondary outcomes were activities of daily living process ability, difficulty performing prioritised everyday activities, participation restrictions and health-related quality of life. Results: A total of 242 participants were randomised either to the intervention group ( n = 121) or the control group ( n = 121). No effect was found on the primary outcome (between-group mean change: −0.04 logits (95% confidence interval: −0.23 to 0.15); p = 0.69). Nor was any effect on the secondary outcomes observed. Conclusion: In most cases, the ‘Cancer Home-Life Intervention’ was delivered through only one home visit and one follow-up telephone contact, which not was effective in maintaining or improving participants’ everyday activities and health-related quality of life. Future research should pay even more attention to intervention development and feasibility testing.
Interaction of tip vortex and laminar separation bubble over wings with different aspect ratios under low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Genç Mustafa Serdar , Özkan Gökhan , Özden Mustafa , Ki˙ri˙ş Mehmet Sadik , Yi˙ldi˙z Rahime 
Published: January 2018

In present study, aerodynamics of a NACA4412 wings with aspect ratio of 1 and 3 was considered experimentally at Reynolds numbers of 2.5 × 104, 5 × 104 and 7.5 × 104. Studies for AR = 1 wing showed that stall was delayed and extra (vortex) lift was obtained, because separation bubble got smaller in both chordwise and spanwise axes with effect of wing-tip vortices. Oil-flow experiments at higher angles of attack clarified the reason for vortex lift obtained from AR = 1 wing. However, there was an increase in drag coefficient as well as vortex lift, and stall delayed due to tip vortex. Turbulence intensity distributions pointed out location of the transition to turbulence; Reynolds stress and turbulence kinetic energy distributions indicated shear layer. Furthermore, in experiments of AR = 3 wing, the viscous forces and leading edge vortices were effective at Re = 2.5 × 104 and Re = 5 × 104, but flow over the wing at Re = 7.5 × 104 acted as a 2D flow. After α = 12°, bubble burst and stall consisted abruptly because effectiveness of 3D flow decreased over wing. Strouhal (St) numbers of vortex shedding frequencies in wake of AR = 3 wing had a certain difference from St = 0.17/sinα curve at lower angle of attack (α = 0° − 10°) due to separation bubble, but AR = 1 wings showed that St numbers were near St = 0.17/sinα curve.
A new algorithm for suspected stroke patient management with NT-proBNP POCT platform in the emergency department: A new algorithm for suspected stroke patient
Authors: He Ming-feng , Cai Wei-dong , Zhao Ming-ming , Jiang Chong-hui , Qin Feng-zhou , Zhou Jian-yi , Liang Sina , Li Ying-ying , Wu Zhi-xin , Zeng Hong-ke 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in China. Of the different subtypes of ischemic stroke, cardioembolic stroke is of particular importance because it is potentially preventable. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of measuring N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in the emergency department in early recognition of patients with cardioembolic stroke. Methods: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study conducted from 1 June 2015 to 30 June 2016 in four emergency departments. Adult patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited. Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was measured in the emergency department. Discharge diagnosis was determined by neurologists according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. The diagnostic performance of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was assessed by measuring the sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve, and the area under curve. Results: In all, 258 patients were analyzed. Of them, 17.9% were diagnosed with cardioembolic stroke. The optimal cut-off concentration, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve of the plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration suitable to distinguish cardioembolic stroke from other subtypes of stroke were 501.2 pg/mL, 82.6%, 80.2%, and 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.83–0.92), respectively. Conclusion: Emergency physicians should strongly consider cardioembolic stroke in patients presented with acute ischemic stroke with an N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level over 501.2 pg/mL. However, it must be considered in context with clinical assessment and judgment before making treatment decisions.
Secondary Dentition Characteristics in Children With Nonsyndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Tan Elaine Li Yen , Kuek Meaw Charm , Wong Hung Chew , Ong Serene Ai Kiang , Yow Mimi 
Published: January 2018

Objective: Children with cleft lip and palate are reported to be commonly associated with higher prevalence of dental anomalies such as hypodontia, supernumeraries, and abnormalities in tooth size, shape, and position. This study investigated the prevalence of dental anomalies in a longitudinal cohort of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: The study was a retrospective analysis of radiographs, study models, and treatment notes. Patients: Sixty patients with repaired UCLP aged 13 years old with complete dental records dating from 5 years of age were included. Methods: Study casts, dental panoramic, anterior maxillary occlusal, and periapical radiographs of the patients were examined for cleft-sidedness, congenitally missing permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth, microdontic, and macrodontic teeth in the anterior maxillary region, presence of malformed permanent cleft-sided lateral incisor and its morphology (peg-shaped, conical shaped, canine-formed), positions of the permanent lateral incisors relative to the cleft side and presence of rotated cleft-sided central incisors. Results: Of the 60 patients studied, 63.3% had hypodontia, 21.7% had supernumerary teeth, 69.6% had microdontia, and 12.5% had macrodontia. All of the cleft-sided permanent lateral incisors had associated anomalies, with a large proportion (43.1%) missing; and when present in 31 subjects, the majority (90.3%) was positioned distal to the cleft. Most of the cleft-sided permanent central incisors were rotated if present, and prevalent at 86.7%. Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental anomalies was observed in this sample of children with UCLP.
Systemic anticancer therapy in the last 30 days of life: Retrospective audit from an Australian Regional Cancer Centre
Authors: Gilbar Peter J , McPherson Ian , Aisthorpe Genevieve G , Kondalsamy-Chennakes Srinivas 
Published: January 2018

Background Cessation of chemotherapy at an appropriate time is an important component of good quality palliative care. Published studies looking at administration of chemotherapy at the end of life vary widely. Objective To retrospectively determine the rate of death occurring within 14 and 30 days of chemotherapy and use this to benchmark against other cancer centres as a quality of care measure. Method All adult patients who received systemic anticancer therapy for solid tumours and haematological malignancies at an Australian Regional Cancer Centre between 2011 and 2015 were included. Results Over a five-year period, 1215 patients received systemic anticancer therapy. Of these, 23 (1.89%) died within 14 days following systemic anticancer therapy and 68 (5.60%) within 30 days. All patients who died had been treated with palliative intent. Mean time to death was 17.7 days. The majority were female (61.8%) and the mean age was 62.3 years. The most common cause of death was disease progression (80.9%). Nearly half died at the Regional Cancer Centre, including 30.9% who lived in rural or remote localities. Conclusion The rate of death observed in this study is at the lower end of the range seen in published studies for both the last 14 and 30 days post-systemic anticancer therapy. It is important to routinely collect data to enable benchmarking against other institutions, determine factors potentially associated with higher risks of mortality at the end of life and improve clinical decision making.