bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovering Interstellar Gas Properties with Hi Spectral Lines: A Comparison between Synthetic Spectra and 21-SPONGE
Authors: Murray Claire E. , Stanimirović Snežana , Kim Chang-Goo , Ostriker Eve C. , Lindner Robert R. , Heiles Carl , Dickey John M. , Babler Brian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We analyze synthetic neutral hydrogen (H i) absorption and emission spectral lines from a high-resolution, three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulation to quantify how well observational methods recover the physical properties of interstellar gas. We present a new method for uniformly decomposing H i spectral lines and estimating the properties of associated gas using the Autonomous Gaussian Decomposition (AGD) algorithm. We find that H i spectral lines recover physical structures in the simulation with excellent completeness at high Galactic latitude, and this completeness declines with decreasing latitude due to strong velocity-blending of spectral lines. The temperature and column density inferred from our decomposition and radiative transfer method agree with the simulated values within a factor of

for the majority of gas structures. We next compare synthetic spectra with observations from the 21-SPONGE survey at the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array using AGD. We find more components per line of sight in 21-SPONGE than in synthetic spectra, which reflects insufficient simulated gas scale heights and the limitations of local box simulations. In addition, we find a significant population of low-optical depth, broad absorption components in the synthetic data which are not seen in 21-SPONGE. This population is not obvious in integrated or per-channel diagnostics, and reflects the benefit of studying velocity-resolved components. The discrepant components correspond to the highest spin temperatures (

), which are not seen in 21-SPONGE despite sufficient observational sensitivity. We demonstrate that our analysis method is a powerful tool for diagnosing neutral interstellar medium conditions, and future work is needed to improve observational statistics and implementation of simulated physics.
The Effect of Widespread Pain on Knee Pain Worsening, Incident Knee Osteoarthritis (OA), and Incident Knee Pain: The Multicenter OA (MOST) Study
Authors: Carlesso Lisa C. , Niu Jingbo , Segal Neil A. , Frey-Law Laura A. , Lewis Cora E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Neogi Tuhina 
Published: March 2017

Objective.Whether widespread pain (WSP) affects the risk of developing knee pain or knee osteoarthritis (OA) is unknown and could enhance understanding of pain mechanisms in OA.Methods.Subjects from the Multicenter OA (MOST) study, a US National Institutes of Health–funded prospective cohort of older adults with or at risk of knee OA, were characterized regarding WSP, defined as pain above and below the waist on both sides of the body and axially using a standard homunculus, excluding knee pain at 60 months (baseline). Followup occurred 2 years later. We assessed the relation of WSP to odds of knee pain worsening (≥ 2-point increase in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index pain subscale) using logistic regression, and to odds of incident radiographic knee OA (ROA; Kellgren-Lawrence arthritis scale ≥ grade 2 of either knee among those free of ROA at baseline) and incident consistent frequent knee pain (CFKP; knee pain on most days during the past month among participants free of knee pain at baseline) in 1 or both knees using multinomial regression adjusting for potential confounders.Results.There were 1752 participants available for analysis [mean age (SD) 67.0 yrs (7.7), body mass index 30.5 kg/m2(5.9), 59% women]. Baseline presence of WSP was not associated with worsened knee pain (adjusted OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.89–1.48, p = 0.30), ROA (adjusted OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.46–1.63, p = 0.65), or incident CFKP (adjusted OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.96–2.96, p = 0.07).Conclusion.WSP was not significantly associated with worsening knee pain, incident ROA, or CFKP. Development of knee pain and ROA does not appear to be influenced by underlying WSP.
Incidence hospitalière des taux annuels d’hospitalisation pour maladies thromboemboliques veineuses en France et aux USA
Authors: Quantin Catherine , Allaert F. A. , Benzenine E. 
Published: March 2017

Objectif : Décrire l’incidence hospitalière et les taux annuels d’hospitalisation pour maladies thromboemboliques veineuses (MTEV), thromboses veineuses profondes (TVP) et embolies pulmonaires (EP) chez les patients hospitalisés dans les hôpitaux français et américains. Méthodes : Les statistiques sont issues des bases nationales de données transmises et validées par les établissements de santé ayant une activité d’hospitalisation en médecine, chirurgie, obstétrique (MCO). La comparaison a été réalisée avec les données du Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issues du National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) sur la base de la Classification Internationale des Maladies (CIM). Résultats : Les résultats portent sur l’ensemble des hospitalisations aux USA et en France durant la période d’étude. Aux États-Unis, l’incidence hospitalière des MVTE est de 1,4 %, celle des TVP de 0,9 % et celle des EP de 0,7 %. En France, elles sont respectivement de 1,0 %, 0,6 % et de 0,5 %. Les taux annuels d’hospitalisation globaux sont respectivement de 274, 179 et 139 pour 100 000 habitants en France et de 239, 146 et 121 pour 100 000 habitants aux USA. Dans les deux pays et selon des proportions comparables, les taux annuels d’hospitalisation pour MVTE augmentent avec l’âge mais diffèrent peu en fonction du sexe. Conclusion : Les MTEV sont présentes en France comme aux USA dans 1 % de l’ensemble des séjours hospitaliers et sont à l’origine d’un taux annuel d’hospitalisations qui dépasse 200 pour 100 000 habitants. L’importance de ces incidences annuelles doit conduire à s’interroger sur la qualité de la prévention mise en place et/ou sur son efficacité en pratique libérale mais aussi à l’hôpital et requière que des politiques de prévention plus volontaristes et plus systématiques soient mises en œuvre tant dans l’intérêt des personnes que de l’économie de la Santé.
Les hôpitaux militaires français : quel est l’impact des opérations extérieures sur l’organisation ?
Authors: Despatin Jane , Nakhla Michel , Auroy Yves , Wable Éric 
Published: March 2017

Les hôpitaux militaires français ont fait l’objet d’un rapport de la Cour des comptes établissant un déficit budgétaire important. Ce rapport soulève la question de la juste prise en compte des activités de défense dans le bilan financier de ces hôpitaux. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’étudier l’impact de la participation des personnels hospitaliers aux opérations extérieures sur le bloc opératoire afin de comprendre les implications des missions de défense pour l’organisation en terme d’activité de soin et donc de recettes. Notre étude repose sur une étude qualitative de ces questions, basée sur l’analyse de 27 entretiens menés au près de personnels hospitaliers, ainsi que sur une étude quantitative basée sur une simulation du processus chirurgical dans deux des neuf hôpitaux militaires. Les résultats de l’étude quantitative et qualitative convergent pour établir que la participation des personnels hospitaliers aux opérations extérieures peut induire une réduction variable de l’activité chirurgicale. Notre étude permet également d’établir que certaines stratégies organisationnelles mises en place par les personnels peuvent favoriser la résilience de l’hôpital sollicité pour les opérations extérieures. Au-delà du cadre des hôpitaux militaires, notre étude présente un intérêt méthodologique pour améliorer le financement des activités hors-soins (enseignement, recherche et missions d’intérêt général) et étudier la résilience à l’hôpital.
Motor-Neuron Pool Excitability of the Lower Leg Muscles After Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain
Authors: Klykken Lindsey W. , Pietrosimone Brian G. , Kim Kyung-Min , Ingersoll Christopher D. , Hertel Jay 
Published: March 2017

Context: Neuromuscular deficits in leg muscles that are associated with arthrogenic muscle inhibition have been reported in people with chronic ankle instability, yet whether these neuromuscular alterations are present in individuals with acute sprains is unknown.
Objective: To compare the effect of acute lateral ankle sprain on the motor-neuron pool excitability (MNPE) of injured leg muscles with that of uninjured contralateral leg muscles and the leg muscles of healthy controls.
Design: Case-control study.
Setting: Laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Ten individuals with acute ankle sprains (6 females, 4 males; age = 19.2 ± 3.8 years, height = 169.4 ± 8.5 cm, mass = 66.3 ±11.6 kg) and 10 healthy individuals (6 females, 4 males; age = 20.6 ± 4.0 years, height = 169.9 ± 10.6 cm, mass = 66.3 ± 10.2 kg) participated.
Intervention(s): The independent variables were group (acute ankle sprain, healthy) and limb (injured, uninjured). Separate dependent t tests were used to determine differences in MNPE between legs.
Main Outcome Measure(s): The MNPE of the soleus, fibularis longus, and tibialis anterior was measured by the maximal Hoffmann reflex (Hmax) and maximal muscle response (Mmax) and was then normalized using the Hmax:Mmax ratio.
Results: The soleus MNPE in the ankle-sprain group was higher in the injured limb (Hmax:Mmax = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46, 0.80) than in the uninjured limb (Hmax:Mmax = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.08, 0.93) (t6 = 3.62, P = .01). In the acute ankle-sprain group, tibialis anterior MNPE tended to be lower in the injured ankle (Hmax:Mmax = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.10) than in the uninjured ankle (Hmax:Mmax = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09, 0.35), but this finding was not different (t9 = −2.01, P = .07). No differences were detected between injured (0.22; 95% CI, 0.14, 0.29) and uninjured (0.25; 95% CI, 0.12, 0.38) ankles for the fibularis longus in the ankle-sprain group (t9 = −0.739, P = .48). We found no side-to-side differences in any muscle among the healthy group.
Conclusions: Facilitated MNPE was present in the involved soleus muscle of patients with acute ankle sprains, but no differences were found in the fibularis longus or tibialis anterior muscles.
Absorption of Iontophoresis-Driven 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine in the Tissues at 5 mm Below the Surface of the Skin
Authors: Draper David O. , Coglianese Mark , Castel Chris 
Published: March 2017

Context: In a recent study, we were unable to measure lidocaine in the human calf at a 5-mm depth via iontophoresis. We surmised that this might be due to a lack of epinephrine in the compound. Because epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor, it might allow the drug to pass beyond the capillaries and be delivered to the deeper tissues.
Objective: To determine if iontophoresis could deliver lidocaine with epinephrine 5 mm under the surface of human skin, as measured by microdialysis.
Design: Descriptive laboratory study.
Setting: Therapeutic modalities research laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Ten volunteers (5 males, 5 females; age, 15–28 years) with less than 5 mm of adipose tissue in the area we measured and with no allergies to lidocaine participated. The measurement area had been free of any injury, swelling, or infection for at least 3 months before the study.
Intervention(s): We inserted a microdialysis probe 0.5 cm under the skin of the right lower leg. Next, microdialysis was performed through this area for 60 minutes, which allowed local skin blood flow to return to baseline. We then performed iontophoresis at 40 mA/min using 2 mL of 2% lidocaine. Iontophoresis was performed over this area for 10.5 minutes to collect the lidocaine samples. After this stage, the electrode was left in place for another 50 minutes for a total of 60 minutes.
Main Outcome Measure(s): The samples of the drug were analyzed via reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in the chemistry department.
Results: The RP-HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of lidocaine in all 10 participants. The mean concentration of lidocaine detected at the 5-mm depth was calculated as 3.63 mg/mL (greater than 18% of delivered concentration).
Conclusions: We found that 2% lidocaine can be delivered up to 5 mm below the surface of the skin when the drug compound contains epinephrine and when passive delivery occurs for at least 50 minutes after the active delivery has terminated.
Certified Athletic Trainers' Knowledge of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Common Disinfectants
Authors: Kahanov Leamor , Gilmore Elizabeth J. , Eberman Lindsey E. , Roberts Jeffrey , Semerjian Tamar , Baldwin Linda 
Published: March 2017

Context: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasingly common in athletic settings. The MRSA knowledge and infection-control practices of certified athletic trainers (ATs) and the cleanliness of the athletic training room are important factors in preventing MRSA infections.
Objective: To assess knowledge of MRSA and the use of common disinfectants among ATs and to explore their infection-control practices.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: High school and collegiate athletic training rooms.
Patients or Other Participants: A total of 163 ATs from National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, and III and high schools, representing all 10 National Athletic Trainers' Association districts.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Frequencies, analyses of variance, and χ2 tests were used to assess current practices and opinions and relationships between factors.
Results: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was perceived as a national problem by 92% of respondents; 57% perceived MRSA as a problem in their practice setting. Most respondents had treated general infections (88%), staphylococcal infections (75%), and MRSA infections (57%). Male sex was associated with treating all 3 types of infections (χ2 test, P &lt; .05). Noncurriculum education was associated with a lack of recognition of environmental issues as risk factors and with the use of isopropyl alcohol for disinfection (χ2 test, P &lt; .05). For example, 10% of respondents did not recognize that contaminated whirlpools can be a source of MRSA infection. Respondents also incorrectly identified effective cleaning solutions. Thirty percent of respondents cleaned their hands frequently or sometimes before treating each athlete and 35% cleaned their hands sometimes, occasionally, or never after seeing each athlete.
Conclusions: The majority of ATs were informed about MRSA and made correct disinfection choices. However, improvements are still needed, and not all ATs were using proper disinfection practices.
Overcoming Barriers to Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice Concepts in Athletic Training Education: Perceptions of Select Educators
Authors: Manspeaker Sarah , Van Lunen Bonnie 
Published: March 2017

Context: The need to include evidence-based practice (EBP) concepts in entry-level athletic training education is evident as the profession transitions toward using evidence to inform clinical decision making.Objective: To evaluate athletic training educators' experience with implementation of EBP concepts in Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)-accredited entry-level athletic training education programs in reference to educational barriers and strategies for overcoming these barriers.Design: Qualitative interviews of emergent design with grounded theory.Setting: Undergraduate CAATE-accredited athletic training education programs.Patients or Other Participants: Eleven educators (3 men, 8 women). The average number of years teaching was 14.73 ± 7.06.Data Collection and Analysis: Interviews were conducted to evaluate perceived barriers and strategies for overcoming these barriers to implementation of evidence-based concepts in the curriculum. Interviews were explored qualitatively through open and axial coding. Established themes and categories were triangulated and member checked to determine trustworthiness.Results: Educators identified 3 categories of need for EBP instruction: respect for the athletic training profession, use of EBP as part of the decision-making toolbox, and third-party reimbursement. Barriers to incorporating EBP concepts included time, role strain, knowledge, and the gap between clinical and educational practices. Suggested strategies for surmounting barriers included identifying a starting point for inclusion and approaching inclusion from a faculty perspective.Conclusions: Educators must transition toward instruction of EBP, regardless of barriers present in their academic programs, in order to maintain progress with other health professions' clinical practices and educational standards. Because today's students are tomorrow's clinicians, we need to include EBP concepts in entry-level education to promote critical thinking, inspire potential research interest, and further develop the available body of knowledge in our growing clinical practice.
Is Oral Temperature an Accurate Measurement of Deep Body Temperature? A Systematic Review
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Ganio Matthew S. , Casa Douglas J. , Vingren Jakob , Klau Jennifer 
Published: March 2017

Context: Oral temperature might not be a valid method to assess core body temperature. However, many clinicians, including athletic trainers, use it rather than criterion standard methods, such as rectal thermometry.
Objective: To critically evaluate original research addressing the validity of using oral temperature as a measurement of core body temperature during periods of rest and changing core temperature.
Data Sources: In July 2010, we searched the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Premier, and the Cochrane Library for the following concepts: core body temperature, oral, and thermometers. Controlled vocabulary was used, when available, as well as key words and variations of those key words. The search was limited to articles focusing on temperature readings and studies involving human participants.
Data Synthesis: Original research was reviewed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and subsequently were evaluated by 2 independent reviewers. All 16 were included in the review because they met the minimal PEDro score of 4 points (of 10 possible points), with all but 2 scoring 5 points. A critical review of these studies indicated a disparity between oral and criterion standard temperature methods (eg, rectal and esophageal) specifically as the temperature increased. The difference was −0.50°C ± 0.31°C at rest and −0.58°C ± 0.75°C during a nonsteady state.
Conclusions: Evidence suggests that, regardless of whether the assessment is recorded at rest or during periods of changing core temperature, oral temperature is an unsuitable diagnostic tool for determining body temperature because many measures demonstrated differences greater than the predetermined validity threshold of 0.27°C (0.5°F). In addition, the differences were greatest at the highest rectal temperatures. Oral temperature cannot accurately reflect core body temperature, probably because it is influenced by factors such as ambient air temperature, probe placement, and ingestion of fluids. Any reliance on oral temperature in an emergency, such as exertional heat stroke, might grossly underestimate temperature and delay proper diagnosis and treatment.
The Level of Medical Services and Secondary School-Aged Athletes
Authors: DeWitt Terry L. , Unruh Scott A. , Seshadri Srivatsa 
Published: March 2017

Context:
Medical organizations have recommended that administrators, parents, and community leaders explore every opportunity to make interscholastic athletic programs safe for participation, including employing athletic trainers at practices and competitive events.

Objective:
To determine the overall level of medical services provided for secondary school-aged athletes at high school athletic events in a rural southern state, to evaluate the employment of athletic trainers in the provision of medical services in secondary schools, and to compare athletic training medical services provided at athletic events among schools of various sizes.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Questionnaires were sent to administrators at 199 secondary schools.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 144 administrators, including interscholastic athletic directors and school principals, from 199 secondary schools participated (72% response rate).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Participants completed the Self-Appraisal Checklist for Health Supervision in Scholastic Athletic Programs from the American Academy of Pediatrics, which has been demonstrated to be valid and reliable. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to measure differences in groups.

Results:
We found differences in cumulative scores when measuring between institutional classifications (P≤.05). Cumulative scores for the Event Coverage section of the instrument ranged from 80.5 to 109.6 out of a total possible score of 126. We also found differences in several factors identified in the Event Coverage section (P≤.05).

Conclusions:
The number of coaching staff certified in cardiopulmonary resuscitation or first aid was minimal. Most schools did not have a plan for providing minimal emergency equipment, ice, or water for visiting teams. We found that 88% (n = 7) of the 8 essential Event Coverage components that the American Academy of Pediatrics deems important were not addressed by schools represented in our study.
Orthotic Intervention and Postural Stability in Participants With Functional Ankle Instability After an Accommodation Period
Authors: Hamlyn Chris , Docherty Carrie L. , Klossner Joanne 
Published: March 2017

Context:
Most protocols established to treat patients with functional ankle instability (FAI) have focused on taping the ankle. Orthotic intervention is a different treatment protocol that may have a positive effect on these patients, especially after an accommodation period.

Objective:
To determine whether the use of a prefabricated orthotic affects postural stability in patients with FAI and a control group.

Design:
Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Forty patients with unilateral FAI.

Intervention(s):
Postural stability was measured on both limbs using a force plate on 3 occasions. Participants were instructed to balance on 1 limb with their eyes closed for 20 seconds. In session 1, postural stability was measured with the patient wearing his or her own athletic shoes. The control group repeated this procedure in sessions 2 and 3. When those in the orthotic group returned for session 2, they received prefabricated, full-length Quick Comfort Insoles for both feet, immediately placed the orthotics in their shoes, and were tested for postural stability. Patients in the orthotic group were instructed to wear the inserts daily and return 2 weeks later for session 3 and repeat postural stability testing.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Center of pressure.

Results:
In the orthotic group, postural stability improved between sessions 1 and 2 and sessions 1 and 3. In session 3, postural stability was different for the orthotic and control groups. We also identified a difference between the limbs such that the FAI ankle displayed worse postural stability than did the healthy ankle.

Conclusions:
Prefabricated orthotics improved postural stability in participants with FAI. Similar to the findings of previous researchers, we found that postural stability was worse in FAI ankles than in healthy ankles.