bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Degeneration of Entorhinal-CA1 Synapses in Alzheimer's Disease via Activation of DAPK1
Authors: Shu Shu , Zhu Houze , Tang Na , Chen Wenting , Li Xinyan , Li Hao , Pei Lei , Liu Dan , Mu Yangling , Tian Qing , Zhu Ling-Qiang , Lu Youming 
Published: October 2016

Excitatory pyramidal neurons in the entorhinal cortical layer II region (ECIIPN) form functional excitatory synapses with CA1 parvalbumin inhibitory neurons (CA1PV) and undergo selective degeneration in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we show that death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is selectively activated in ECIIPNof AD mice. Inhibition of DAPK1 by deleting a catalytic domain or a death domain of DAPK1 rescues the ECIIPN-CA1PVsynaptic loss and improves spatial learning and memory in AD mice. This study demonstrates that activation of DAPK1 in ECIIPNcontributes to a memory loss in AD and hence warrants a promising target for the treatment of AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur recent study reported that excitatory pyramidal neurons in the entorhinal cortical layer II region (ECIIPN) target to CA1 parvalbumin-type inhibitory neurons (CA1PV) at a direct pathway and are one of the most vulnerable brain cells that are selectively degenerated in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our present study shows that death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is selectively activated in ECIIPNof AD mice. Inhibition of DAPK1 by deleting a catalytic domain or a death domain of DAPK1 rescues the ECIIPN-CA1PVsynaptic loss and improves spatial learning and memory in the early stage of AD. These data not only demonstrate a crucial molecular event for synaptic degeneration but also provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
¿Apropiación privada de renta de recursos naturales? El caso del cobre en Chile
Authors: Leiva Crispi Benjamín 
Published: October 2016

Los aumentos de precio de un recurso natural pueden generar renta, cuyo valor debiese ser recuperado por el Estado para minimizar ineficiencias en la economía, evitar discriminaciones arbitrarias entre ciudadanos y mantener una trayectoria sostenible. Como tema de estudio sobre apropiación privada de renta de recursos naturales, este artículo explora el caso del cobre en Chile desde 1990, analizando empíricamente si las principales mineras privadas han recuperado en valor presente más que su inversión. Los resultados del ejercicio, aplicable a otros recursos naturales, indican que algunas mineras sí lo han hecho, captando unos 40 000 millones de dólares hasta 2012. Elaborar una institucionalidad idónea para futuros yacimientos es un importante desafío para que Chile aproveche su potencial minero, así como para que cualquier país con una abundante base de recursos goce plenamente de suriqueza natural. Para tal efecto, se propone la concesión conocida como Mínimo Valor Presente de Ingresos (MVPI).
Modelos de crecimiento, estacionariedad y rompimientos: comparación entre las tendencias de crecimiento de las economías de la OCDE y las de los países menos desarrollados
Authors: Hernández-Veleros Zeus Salvador 
Published: October 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es definir si los productos internos brutos per cápita (PIBPC) de 145 economías tienen una raíz unitaria con rompimientos o si son estacionarios en tendencia con rompimientos durante el periodo 1950-2000, para, a partir de ello, establecer una relación con los modelos de crecimiento (endógenos y exógenos) y con los cambios, tanto en los fundamentos económicos como en el progreso tecnológico; situaciones que rompen las tendencias (intersecciones y pendientes) bajo la guía de Lau (1997). Adicionalmente, se identifican los cambios en las tendencias de crecimiento de largo plazo en una forma similar a lo hecho por Ben-David y Papell (1998) para 74 países, pero mediante la prueba panel de estacionariedad con rompimientos múltiples de Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005). Con esto en mente, se definen doce diferentes tipos de rompimientos al comparar la tasa de crecimiento promedio prerrompimiento con la tasa de crecimiento promedio posrompimiento. Derivado de esta clasificación, se examina si la desaceleración en las economías de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) ocurrió antes, durante o después de la desaceleración de las Economías Menos Desarrolladas (EMD). Asimismo, se plantean algunas de las causas de las desaceleraciones y las crisis en las Economías de América Latina (EAL), ya sea por factores internos, externos, comunes a varias economías o por factores particulares a alguna de ellas.
Externalidades del capital humano en México
Authors: Villarreal Peralta Edna María 
Published: October 2016

El presente trabajo estima las externalidades del capital humano en México empleando los enfoques más utilizados en la literatura. Con el propósito de reducir el potencial sesgo de endogenedidad de la escolaridad individual y promedio realizamos estimaciones con variables instrumentales. Para lo cual empleamos como instrumento de la primera la reforma educativa de 1993 que promulgó la obligatoriedad de la educación secundaria. Para la segunda utilizamos la proporción de egresados de educación media superior y superior y la estructura de la población de los estados en un periodo previo. Los resultados muestran que existe una fuerte relación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre experiencia, educación individual y educación promedio estatal con los salarios individuales. Asimismo, confirmamos por medio de la aplicación de los diversos enfoques a través de la coincidencia en los resultados encontrados que existen externalidades significativas del capital humano a nivel estatal en México para el periodo 2000-2010
Fayad’s Practical Actor’s in UML
Authors: E. Fayad Dr. Mohamed 
Published: October 2016

The main actors in Unified Modeling Language (UML) are Humans and Machines. After examining thoroughly, we find that this is arbitrary and it may limit the types and the numbers of applications that that may be modeled. It is most challenging to symbolize the interaction of UML Actors with a system, when the actors are not classified and defined properly. Hence, a conventional UML is not suitable for some domains and it will not model the requirements in an adequate manner.
This work proposes the introduction of practical enhancements, and extension of actors within the UML. By reclassifying actors into four types, instead of two, we will demonstrate introduction of practical improvements to UML class diagrams that can yield accuracy in the UML modeling of any system.

We will extend the actors into four different types:
1. Human or Person;
2. Hardware Devices or Machines,
3. Software Packages, and
4. Creatures, which include all animated, mythological, and fictional characters

This reclassification of actors into four different types provides numerous benefits, such as:
1.	Increasing the applicability of UML to different domains, such as animation, the making of movies, fiction, and mythology.
2.	All the possible users fall under one of the four types of actors defined above. Hence, the system built will satisfy all kind of users.
3.	In modeling, when the actor classification is abstracted correctly, it gives an exact and broader picture and good understanding of the system.
4.	If the actors are classified accurately, the system can be built with better quality.
O REGISTRO FILOSÓFICO DO FILEBO E A DIALÉTICA
Authors: Maciel Sonia Maria 
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que o entrelaçamento das questões filosóficas, usado por Platão no Filebo, tem a pretensão de sustentar e justificar um procedimento metodológico. Este método chamado por Platão de dialética é um procedimento sistemático que tem na diaíresis uma técnica a serviço de um desenvolvimento argumentativo. Nesse sentido é apresentado o desdobramento de alguns aspectos do modelo dialético explicitado no Filebo, como a estrutura Uno-Múltiplo e Limite-Ilimitado, os quais definem a sua especificidade em relação ao método herístico, criticado por Platão como impróprio para dar conta da multiplicidade indeterminada do real.Abstract: This article aims to show that the entwinement of the philosophical questions, used by Plato in Philebus, intends to support and justify a methodological procedure. This method referred by Plato as dialectics is a systematical approach using diaíresis as a technique to support an argumentative development. In this sense, the development of some aspects of the dialectical model explicit in Philebus, namely the structure One-Many, Limited-unlimited, is presented. Plato opposed these methods to the heristic methods that, according to him, did not explain the indeterminate multiplicity of reality.
SOBRE A ÉTICA DO FILÓSOFO E A UTILIDADE DA FILOSOFIA
Authors: Balod Flavio Costa 
Published: October 2016

Os temas citados no título do trabalho apresentam-se no texto, não numa justaposição meramente contingente, casual, mas sim numa relação necessária: já que a ética tem que ser entendida em essencial relação com a política, ou antes, tem que ser entendida como política, coloca-se a pergunta a respeito da inserção sócio-política do filósofo, isto é, pergunta-se sobre as conseqüências ético-políticas do fazer Filosofia. Tem a Filosofia alguma conseqüência sobre a vida daqueles que com ela não estão minimamente preocupados, isto é, a imensa maioria da humanidade? Ou será que ela serve apenas ao deleite individual daquele que por ela se interessa? Mas, neste caso, ser filósofo não afeta em nada o ser-com-os-outros do filósofo, estudante ou professor de Filosofia? Buscando apoio em Heidegger, principalmente, mas também em alguns outros dos maiores protagonistas da história da Filosofia, procuramos, neste texto, sugerir respostas para estas questões.Abstract: This paper puts together – in a non-contingent, non-casual fashion – the notions of Ethics, Politics and Philosophy. If Ethics must be understood within an essential relationship with Politics, or even better, if it must be understood as Politics, one should ask about the philosopher’s socio-political insertion and the ethical-political consequences of philosophical practice. Does Philosophy have any influence on the life of those who are not concerned about it; that is to say, most of humankind? Or is its only role to entertain people who are personally interested in it? But if this is the case, will the fact of being a philosopher affect in any way the being-with-others of the philosopher, the student or the teacher of Philosophy? Mostly finding support in Heidegger, but also in other important names in the history of Philosophy, this paper intends to suggest some answers to these questions.
Special Issue on New Development in Adaptive & Learning Control
Authors: Fujisawa Shoichiro ,   Professor, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Yamamoto Toru , Mizumoto Ikuro , Henmi Tomohiro 
Published: October 2016

This special issue, which focuses on adaptive/learning control, includes 18 contributions classified as follows:<ul>	<li>  • Closed-loop identification and controller redesign</li>	<li>  • Adaptive output feedback control</li>	<li>  • Data-driven control</li>	<li>  • Multirate control</li>	<li>  • Computational intelligence-based approaches</li>	<li>  • Applications centering on electric motors, engine systems, hydraulic excavators, rotary cranes, etc.</li></ul>In addition, one review paper covers performance-driven control.
The theoretical study of adaptive/learning control has few actual applied examples in the form of real systems but is flourishing. Applied studies are expected to increasingly progress and adaptive/learning control theory holds big changes for industrial fields.
A Prospective Evaluation of Opioid Utilization After Upper-Extremity Surgical Procedures: Identifying Consumption Patterns and Determining Prescribing Guidelines
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Matzon Jonas L. , Abboudi Jack , Jones Christopher , Kirkpatrick William , Leinberry Charles F. , Liss Frederic E. , Lutsky Kevin F. , Wang Mark L. , Maltenfort Mitchell , Ilyas Asif M. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Although adequate management of postoperative pain with oral analgesics is an important aspect of surgical procedures, inadvertent overprescribing can lead to excess availability of opioids in the community for potential diversion. The purpose of our study was to prospectively evaluate opioid consumption following outpatient upper-extremity surgical procedures to determine opioid utilization patterns and to develop prescribing guidelines.

Methods:
All patients undergoing outpatient upper-extremity surgical procedures over a consecutive 6-month period had the following prospective data collected: patient demographic characteristics, surgical details, anesthesia type, and opioid prescription and consumption patterns. Analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons were performed using t tests, with the p value for multiple pairwise tests adjusted by the Bonferroni correction.

Results:
A total of 1,416 patients with a mean age of 56 years (range, 18 to 93 years) were included in the study. Surgeons prescribed a mean total of 24 pills, and patients reported consuming a mean total of 8.1 pills, resulting in a utilization rate of 34%. Patients undergoing soft-tissue procedures reported requiring fewer opioids (5.1 pills for 2.2 days) compared with fracture surgical procedures (13.0 pills for 4.5 days) or joint procedures (14.5 pills for 5.0 days) (p < 0.001). Patients who underwent wrist surgical procedures required a mean number of 7.5 pills for 3.1 days and those who underwent hand surgical procedures required a mean number of 7.7 pills for 2.9 days, compared with patients who underwent forearm or elbow surgical procedures (11.1 pills) and those who underwent upper arm or shoulder surgical procedures (22.0 pills) (p < 0.01). Procedure type, anatomic location, anesthesia type, age, and type of insurance were also all significantly associated with reported opioid consumption (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
In this large, prospective evaluation of postoperative opioid consumption, we found that patients are being prescribed approximately 3 times greater opioid medications than needed following upper-extremity surgical procedures. We have provided general prescribing guidelines, and we recommend that surgeons carefully examine their patients’ opioid utilization and consider customizing their opioid prescriptions on the basis of anatomic location and procedure type to prescribe the optimal amount of opioids while avoiding dissemination of excess opioids.
Contamination of the Surgical Field with Propionibacterium acnes in Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Falconer Travis M. , Baba Mohammed , Kruse Lisa M. , Dorrestijn Oscar , Donaldson Matthew J. , Smith Margaret M. , Figtree Melanie C. , Hudson Bernard J. , Cass Benjamin , Young Allan A. 
Published: October 2016

Background:

Propionibacterium acnes is a common pathogen identified in postoperative shoulder infection. It has been shown to be present in culture specimens during primary shoulder arthroplasty; however, recent work has suggested that it is most likely to be a contaminant. Our aim was to identify the potential sources of contamination in shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods:
Tissue swabs were obtained for microbiological analysis from consecutive patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty. Routine surgical technique was maintained, and 5 specimens were taken from different sites: (1) the subdermal layer, (2) the tip of the surgeon’s glove, (3) the inside scalpel blade (used for deeper incision), (4) the forceps, and (5) the outside scalpel blade (used for the skin incision).

Results:
Forty patients (25 female patients and 15 male patients) were included. Thirteen (33%) of the 40 patients had at least 1 culture specimen positive for P. acnes. Two (8%) of the 25 female patients and 11 (73%) of the 15 male patients had ≥1 culture specimen positive for P. acnes. The most common site of growth of P. acnes was the subdermal layer (12 positive samples), followed by the forceps (7 positive samples), the tip of the surgeon’s glove (7 positive samples), the outside scalpel blade (4 positive samples), and the inside scalpel blade (1 positive sample). There were 27 of 75 swabs that were positive on culture for P. acnes in male patients compared with 4 of 125 swabs in female patients. Male patients had 66 times (95% confidence interval, 6 to 680 times) higher odds of having a positive culture indicating subdermal colonization compared with female patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

P. acnes is a common contaminant of the surgical field in primary shoulder arthroplasty. The subdermal layer may be the source of this contamination, and the prevalence of P. acnes in the surgical wound may be due to the surgeon’s manipulation with gloves and instruments. Our findings are consistent with those regarding the increased rates of P. acnes bacterial load and intraoperative growth in male patients compared with female patients.

Clinical Relevance:

P. acnes is likely to be spread throughout the surgical field from the subdermal layer via soft-tissue handling by the surgeon and instruments. Strategies need to be utilized to minimize this contact and to reduce the chance of colonization.
Surgical Outcome and Prognostic Analysis of Transoral Atlantoaxial Reduction Plate System for Basilar Invagination
Authors: Wei Gejin , Shi Chenglong , Wang Zhiyun , Xia Hong , Yin Qingshui , Wu Zenghui 
Published: October 2016

Background:
The use of a transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) system is an effective surgical approach for the treatment of basilar invagination. With the aim of improving the therapeutic efficacy of the TARP operation, we conducted a voxel-based morphometric study to quantitatively investigate the descent of the odontoid process and craniocervical volume changes.

Methods:
We enrolled 20 patients with basilar invagination who underwent a TARP procedure. Craniocervical computed tomography (CT) scanning and a 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the craniocervical junction were performed. Craniocervical volumes and odontoid process descent distances were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Individual neurological function was evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system for cervical disorders. Pearson correlation analysis was applied for statistical testing.

Results:
Surgical efficacy (the JOA-score improvement rate) was significantly associated with the craniocervical volume improvement rate, the odontoid descent distance, and the absolute craniocervical volume changes (p < 0.01 for all), with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.83, 0.80, and 0.61, respectively. No significant correlation was noted between surgical efficacy and age, symptom duration, preoperative neurological function, odontoid process displacement, or change in clivus-odontoid angle (p > 0.05). The craniocervical volume improvement rate was significantly associated with the odontoid descent distance (r = 0.8; p < 0.01), but it was not associated with the odontoid displacement or the change in the clivus-odontoid angle (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
We found that the odontoid descent distance predicted the craniocervical volume improvement rate following TARP procedures in patients with basilar invagination, and we believe that both can serve as predictors of surgical efficacy. We believe that planning the odontoid descent distance preoperatively may help to improve the efficacy of TARP operations.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Asymptomatic Pseudotumors in Patients with Taper Corrosion of a Dual-Taper Modular Femoral Stem
Authors: Kwon Young-Min , Khormaee Sariah , Liow Ming Han Lincoln , Tsai Tsung-Yuan , Freiberg Andrew A. , Rubash Harry E. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Modularity in total hip arthroplasty facilitates intraoperative restoration of patient anatomy. Although dual-taper modular total hip arthroplasty offers potential advantages for optimizing the hip center of rotation, it has been associated with modular taper corrosion. This corrosion has led to adverse local tissue reactions (pseudotumors) at the neck-stem junction and elevated metal-ion levels. However, the occurrence of taper-corrosion-related pseudotumors in patients who remain asymptomatic following total hip arthroplasty with a dual-taper modular femoral stem remains largely unknown. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic pseudotumors by utilizing metal artifact reduction sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MARS-MRI) and (2) compare serum metal-ion levels between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with a dual-taper modular stem total hip replacement.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 97 consecutive patients who had been treated with a dual-taper modular femoral stem total hip arthroplasty. Eighty-three patients were stratified into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups and evaluated with MARS-MRI, measurement of serum metal-ion levels, and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) functional hip score.

Results:
The prevalence of pseudotumors as determined with MARS-MRI was 15% in our asymptomatic patients and 36% in the overall cohort. The median serum cobalt level and cobalt/chromium ratio were significantly higher in patients with a pseudotumor than in those without a pseudotumor (8.0 versus 2.0 μg/L [p = 0.004] and 10.3 versus 2.4 μg/L [p = 0.012], respectively). However, there was no significant difference in the serum cobalt level or cobalt/chromium ratio between symptomatic patients with a pseudotumor and asymptomatic patients with a pseudotumor (7.6 versus 6.2 μg/L [p = 0.37] and 8.3 versus 10.6 μg/L [p = 0.46], respectively). The UCLA scores of asymptomatic patients with a pseudotumor were similar to those of patients without a pseudotumor (6.7 versus 6.6).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of asymptomatic taper-corrosion-related pseudotumors on MARS-MRI in this study demonstrated that the absence of symptoms does not exclude the presence of adverse local tissue reactions. Elevated cobalt levels and cobalt/chromium ratios were associated with the presence of pseudotumors in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Cross-sectional imaging such as MARS-MRI is indicated for patients with elevated metal-ion levels. A longitudinal study is required to determine whether asymptomatic patients with taper-corrosion-related pseudotumors will develop symptoms with time.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.