bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytological studies on the infection of rice root by Ustilaginoidea virens
Authors: Yong Mingli , Liu Yijia , Chen Tianqi , Fan Linlin , Wang Zhengyi , Hu Dongwei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn recent years, false smut disease of rice has been one of the most important diseases of cultivated rice in China. Ustilaginoidea virens is an ascomycete fungal pathogen that causes false smut in rice. There is always controversy about whether the pathogen can infect the rice root and cause the occurrence of false smut, mainly due to lack direct cytological evidence. In our study, we observed the cytological structure of rice root invaded by U. virens. The results showed that U. virens could attach to the surface of young roots and penetrate into the intercellular space of the root epidermis. The cellulose microfibrils in root epidermal cell wall are very loose and soft, and their structural features are similar to filaments of rice. After the fungus infected the roots, a large number of fungal secretions were accumulated outside of the cell walls. At 40 days, the fungus began to degrade, but pathogens still had not infected the sclerenchyma, in which the cells are arranged densely and the cell walls are thicker. U. virens could not cross the sclerenchyma layer into the endodermis and phloem of the root. To some extent, the U. virens infection affected the leaf and root growth of the rice. After inoculation, there was no fungal mycelium found in transverse sections of the rice young stem. These results suggested that root colonization of U. virens does not lead to systemic invasion in rice.
C‐reactive protein as a marker of the surgical stress reduction within an ERAS protocol (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) in colorectal surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Cabellos Olivares Mercedes , Labalde Martínez María , Torralba Miguel , Rodríguez Fraile José R. , Atance Martínez Juan C. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol (ERAS) in relation to reduce the Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIR) to surgery using C‐reactive protein (CRP) in the first (POD1), second (POD2) and third (POD3) postoperative day.MethodsWe enrolled 121 patients (ERAS group) that underwent elective colorectal surgery with ERAS, and compared them with 135 patients (preERAS group) that had undergone surgery prior to the implementation. We made a univariate analysis to compare the CRP values in POD1, POD2, and POD3 between preERAS/ERAS group, laparoscopic/open surgery and the presence or not of Clavien Dindo complications. Multivariable lineal regression was used to assess if the ERAS had a decreasing effect on the CRP in POD1, POD2, and POD3, and was adjusted by age, male sex, use of laparoscopy, and complications.ResultsThe presence of complications was independently associated with an increase in CRP values ​​in POD1, POD2, and POD3. Laparoscopy in POD1 and POD2, and ERAS in POD2 was independently associated with a decrease in CRP values.ConclusionThe analysis shows an increase in SIR measured as a CRP value in those patients that had complications. The SIR decreased with laparoscopy in POD1 and POD2 and with ERAS in POD2.
Deep learning for segmentation of brain tumors: Impact of cross‐institutional training and testing
Authors: AlBadawy Ehab A. , Saha Ashirbani , Mazurowski Maciej A. 
Published: January 2018

Background and purposeConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) are commonly used for segmentation of brain tumors. In this work, we assess the effect of cross‐institutional training on the performance of CNNs.MethodsWe selected 44 glioblastoma (GBM) patients from two institutions in The Cancer Imaging Archive dataset. The images were manually annotated by outlining each tumor component to form ground truth. To automatically segment the tumors in each patient, we trained three CNNs: (a) one using data for patients from the same institution as the test data, (b) one using data for the patients from the other institution and (c) one using data for the patients from both of the institutions. The performance of the trained models was evaluated using Dice similarity coefficients as well as Average Hausdorff Distance between the ground truth and automatic segmentations. The 10‐fold cross‐validation scheme was used to compare the performance of different approaches.ResultsPerformance of the model significantly decreased (P < 0.0001) when it was trained on data from a different institution (dice coefficients: 0.68 ± 0.19 and 0.59 ± 0.19) as compared to training with data from the same institution (dice coefficients: 0.72 ± 0.17 and 0.76 ± 0.12). This trend persisted for segmentation of the entire tumor as well as its individual components.ConclusionsThere is a very strong effect of selecting data for training on performance of CNNs in a multi‐institutional setting. Determination of the reasons behind this effect requires additional comprehensive investigation.
Augmented nested sampling for stochastic programs with recourse and endogenous uncertainty
Authors: Ekin Tahir , Polson Nicholas G. , Soyer Refik 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe propose a novel simulation‐based approach for solving two‐stage stochastic programs with recourse and endogenous (decision dependent) uncertainty. The proposed augmented nested sampling approach recasts the stochastic optimization problem as a simulation problem by treating the decision variables as random. The optimal decision is obtained via the mode of the augmented probability model. We illustrate our methodology on a newsvendor problem with stock‐dependent uncertain demand both in single and multi‐item (news‐stand) cases. We provide performance comparisons with Markov chain Monte Carlo and traditional Monte Carlo simulation‐based optimization schemes. Finally, we conclude with directions for future research.
Spatial modeling of permafrost distribution and properties on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wu Xiaobo , Nan Zhuotong , Zhao Shuping , Zhao Lin , Cheng Guodong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccurate information on the distribution of permafrost and its thermal and hydrological properties is critical for environmental management and engineering development. This study modeled the current state of permafrost on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP), including the spatial distribution of permafrost, active‐layer thickness (ALT), mean annual ground temperature (MAGT), depth of zero annual amplitude (DZAA) and ground‐ice content using an improved Noah land surface model (LSM). The improved model was examined at a typical permafrost site and then applied to the entire QTP using existing gridded meteorological data and newly developed soil data. The simulated permafrost distribution and properties were validated against existing permafrost maps in three representative survey areas and with measurements from 54 boreholes. The results indicate that the Noah LSM with augmented physics and proper soil data support can model permafrost over the QTP. Permafrost was simulated to underlie an area of 1.113 × 106 km2 in 2010, accounting for 43.8% of the entire area of the QTP. The modeled regional average ALT and MAGT were 3.23 m and −1.56°C, respectively. Spatially, MAGT increases and DZAA becomes shallower from north to south. Thermally unstable permafrost (MAGT above −0.5°C) is predominant, accounting for 38.75% of the whole permafrost area on the QTP. Ice‐rich permafrost was mainly simulated around lakes across the north‐central QTP.
Cardiopulmonary exercise test to quantify enzyme replacement response in pediatric Pompe disease
Authors: Bar‐Yoseph Ronen , Mandel Hanna , Mainzer Gur , Gur Michal , Tal Galit , Shalloufeh George , Bentur Lea 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionEnzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with Myozyme improved the prospect of Pompe disease patients. Our aim was to evaluate ERT acute effect on exercise capacity in pediatric Pompe patients.MethodsFive Pompe patients (10‐19 years, 4 infantile‐onset and 1 diagnosed at 5 years) were evaluated before and 2 days after ERT using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), 6 min walking test (6MWT) and motor function test (GMFM‐88).ResultsPreserved normal peak oxygen uptake, 6MWT and motor function were observed in the relative mild disease and impairment of these parameters in the more advanced disease. Two days following ERT, three patients demonstrated changes; one patient (relative mild disease) increased both oxygen uptake (11%) and walking distance (38%). Second patient (advanced disease) increased oxygen uptake (11%) while a small decrease in walking distance in the 6MWT (8%) was observed. Third patient (advanced disease) decreased oxygen uptake (39%) but increased walking distance (42%) and motor function score (27%).ConclusionsCPET is safe for pediatric Pompe patients. ERT may benefit exercise capacity in patients with less advanced disease. Individualized assessment by CPET, 6MWT, and motor function may help ERT adjustment by providing precise quantification of the response to treatment. Additional studies are needed to clarify the benefit of this assessment protocol.
EPIC framework for enterprise processes integrative collaboration
Authors: Sitton Miri , Reich Yoram 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEnterprise System Engineering (ESE), an emerging practice arising in the last decades, aims to improve enterprise operational processes. Its main goal is to enable better collaboration between humans, operational processes, and technical subsystems, by using system engineering methods. However, this is challenging due to the enterprise's unique property as a system of unsynchronized arrays of systems. This property might lead to severe consequences, such as cross‐enterprise failures, lack of decision‐support information for cross‐enterprise decisions, long delays in integration tests, and unexpected emergent behavior. Existing approaches such as ESE frameworks and Systems of Systems (SOS) engineering methods do not fully address this property. This paper presents a new ESE framework named EPIC (Enterprise Processes Integrative Collaboration), that enables better coordination between unsynchronized arrays of systems within the enterprise and even further across several enterprises. This coordination contributes to cross‐enterprise operational processes effectiveness. The paper summarizes the results of two successful large‐scale implementations of EPIC in the aerospace and transportation disciplines. Results analysis of processes performance and effectiveness, confirm that EPIC leads to improvement in enterprise operational processes. Similarly, we contend that EPIC may be applicable in other disciplines in order to obtain better enterprises by improving cross‐enterprise operational processes collaboration.
Machine learning methods for short‐term bid forecasting in the renewable energy market: A case study in Italy
Authors: Cocchi Guido , Galli Leonardo , Galvan Giulio , Sciandrone Marco , Cantù Matteo , Tomaselli Giuseppe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn liberalized markets, there usually exists a day‐ahead session where energy is sold and acquired for the following production day. Owing to the high uncertainty of its production, renewable energy (wind in particular) can significantly influence the network imbalance of the following day. In this work, we consider the problem of predicting the sum of the bid volumes for wind energy of all the producers inside the day‐ahead energy market. This is a valuable tool to be used by an energy provider in order to determine the imbalance of a market zone and, thus, properly size its bids. In particular, we focus on the estimation of the possible relationship between the meteorological forecasts and the wind power offered on the market by the companies for a market zone. We propose a machine learning model which is used to compute a 1‐day‐ahead forecast. The input‐output mapping is obtained by support vector regression. The input feature vector is defined by a suitable feature extraction technique since the meteorological forecasts are given on a lattice of thousands of geographical points. The computational experiments are performed considering the Italian market as a case study (years 2012‐2016). The results show that the proposed feature extraction technique, selecting only some geographical zones, manages to reduce the error attained using all the features. Moreover, classical statistical methods are shown to be outperformed by machine learning models. The analysis reveals also some weaknesses of the model, which may be due to other nonmeteorological factors at play.
Blood phospholipid fatty acid analysis of adults with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Young Genevieve S. , Maharaj Nicole J. , Conquer Julie A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSeveral psychiatric disorders, including juvenile Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), have been associated with abnormalities of certain long‐chain PUFA (LCPUFA). Despite this reported association, the FA levels of patients with the adult form of ADHD have not previously been evaluated. In this study we measured the total blood phospholipid FA concentrations in 35 control subjects and 37 adults with ADHD symptoms to determine whether adults with ADHD symptoms would show abnormalities of FA relative to control subjects. In the serum phospholipids, adults with ADHD symptoms had significantly lower levels of total saturated, total polyunsaturated, and total omega‐6 (n−6) FA, as well as the omega‐3 (n−3) LCPUFA DHA (22∶6n−3), and significantly higher levels of total monounsaturated FA and the n−3 LCPUFA docosapentaenoic acid (22∶5n−3). In the erythrocyte membrane phospholipids, adults with ADHD symptoms had significantly lower levels of total PUFA, total n−3 FA, and DHA, and significantly higher levels of total saturated FA. Neither serum nor erythrocyte membrane phospholipid DHA was related to ADHD symptom severity (as assessed by the Amen questionnaire) in ADHD subjects. Although the exact cause of these variations is unknown, both environmental and genetic factors may be involved.
Dioxirane oxidation of 3β‐substituted Δ5‐steroids
Authors: Parish Edward J. , Qiu Zhihai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article reviews the utility of dioxiranes in the oxidation of 3β‐substituted Δ5‐sterols. Dioxiranes are the smallest cyclic peroxides that contain a carbon atom. They can be generated in situ from Oxone® (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4) and a ketone. Dioxiranes are versatile oxidizing agents. The most common reaction of dioxiranes is epoxidation, with nearly 1∶1 ratios of α/β isomer products in all cases. Δ5‐steroids with different side chains were epoxidized by dioxiranes generated in situ from several commercially available ketones. Although ketones function as catalyst, they were used in about an equivalent amount or large excess to accelerate the reaction.
Effect of salts on soy storage proteins defatted with supercritical CO2 and alcohols
Authors: Sessa David J. , Nelsen Terry C. , Snyder Janet M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe primary objective was to determine whether salts will stabilize soy storage proteins against the denaturing effects of alcohols or the heat and pressure used in supercritical CO2 during the defatting process. Nitrogen solubility index (NSI) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to monitor the denaturation of proteins. A variety of salt solutions used to hydrate full‐fat soy grits increased the thermal stability of both 7S and 11S storage proteins. DSC was used to monitor their denaturation temperature. Neutral salt hydrations followed the lyotropic series for protein stabilization. Of the salts evaluated, the test results indicate that the reducing salt, sodium sulfite, and the neutral salt, sodium sulfate, when used to steep beans, yielded significantly higher NSI than did the water‐steeped controls or other salt treatments after partial defatting with absolute isopropanol or ethanol and supercritical CO2. However, these same salt treatments did not as effectively stabilize the proteins against the denaturing effects of ethanol more aqueous than 84% when these alcohols were used as the defatting medium.
Enantioselective conversion of linoleate hydroperoxide to an α, β‐epoxy alcohol by niobium ethoxide
Authors: Piazza George J. , Foglia Thomas A. , Nuñez Alberto 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNiobium (V) ethoxide [Nb(OC2H5)5] catalyzed the rearrangement of methyl 13(S)‐hydroperoxy‐9(Z),11(E)‐octadecadienoate (Me‐HPODE) to epoxy hydroxy isomers. At low temperature (5°C) in aprotic solvent, Me‐HPODE was converted to the diastereomeric α, β‐epoxy alcohols, methyl 11(R,S),12(R,S)‐epoxy‐13(S)‐hydroxy‐9(Z)octadecenoate. These products are referred to as oxylipids and structurally resemble those obtained from the vanadium‐ and epoxygenase‐catalyzed rearrangement of Me‐HPODE but are distinct from products obtained from ferrous iron‐, hematin‐, and hemoglobin‐catalyzed rearrangements. Because the product of the niobium‐catalyzed rearrangement of Me‐HPODE was predominantly the erythro diastereomer, the rearrangement is distinguished from that produced by a titanium catalyst, in which the threo diastereomer [methyl 11(R), 12(R)‐epoxy‐13(S)‐hydroxy‐9(Z)‐octadecenoate] predominates, and from that produced by a vanadium catalyst, in which both diastereomers are produced in equal proportion. The synthesis of alcohol epoxide by Nb(OC2H5)5 was inhibited by traces of water, but inclusion of molecular sieves in the reaction medium did not improve yield, as the alcohol epoxide rearranged to ketonic materials.
Lipase‐assisted concentration of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in acylglycerols from marine oils
Authors: Wanasundara Udaya N. , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPreparation of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrates from seal blubber oil (SBO) and menhaden oil (MHO) in the form of acylglycerols was carried out by hydrolysis with a number of commercial microbial lipases. The lipases tested were Aspergillus niger, Candida cylindracea (CC), Chromobacterium viscosum, Geotrichum candidum, Mucor miehei, Pseudomonas sp., Rhizopus oryzae, and Rhizopus niveus. After lipase‐assisted hydrolysis of oils, free fatty acids were removed, and fatty acid composition of the mixture containing mono‐, di‐, and triacylglycerols was determined. All lipases were effective in increasing the n‐3 PUFA content of the remaining acylglycerols of both SBO and MHO. The highest concentration of n‐3 PUFA was provided by CC lipase; 43.5% in SBO [9.75% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 8.61% docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and 24.0% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and 44.1% in MHO (18.5% EPA, 3.62% DPA, and 17.3% DHA) after 40 h of hydrolysis. Thus, CC lipase appears to be most suitable for preparation of n‐3 PUFA in the acylglycerol form from marine oils.
The incorporation of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids into acylglycerols of borage oil via lipase‐catalyzed reactions
Authors: Ju Yi‐Hsu , Huang Fang‐Cheng , Fang Chia‐Hui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to add n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) into the acylglycerols of borage oil. The acidolysis reaction between borage oil and n‐3 PUFA was carried out with lipase (Lipozyme IM‐60) in organic solvent. The effects of temperature, solvent, and water content on the reaction product were investigated. For the acidolysis reaction between acylglycerols (product of the selective hydrolysis of borage oil, catalyzed by immobilized Candida rugosa lipase) and n‐3 PUFA, the total content of n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA in acylglycerols was 72.8% after a reaction time of 18 h. The contents of γ‐linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were 26.5, 19.8, and 18.1%, respectively. By properly controlling the reaction time, acylglycerols with ca. 70–72% PUFA and a ratio of n‐3 PUFA to n‐6 PUFA from 0–1.09 can be obtained.
Study of the enantiomeric composition of chiral constituents in edible oils by simultaneous distillation‐extraction. Detection of adulterated olive oils
Authors: Caja M. M. , Ruiz del Castillo M. L. , Herraiz M. , Blanch G. P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA method is proposed for detecting adulterations of olive oil with hazelnut oil at percentages as low as 5%. The method is based on the identification of R‐ and S‐enantiomers of E‐5‐methylhept‐2‐en‐4‐one (filbertone) and involves the use of simultaneous distillation‐solvent extraction in the sample preparation step and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis with a chiral stationary phase. Relative standard deviation values obtained from three replicates of adulterated mixtures of olive oil and hazelnut oil (95:5) were less than 9% for both R‐and S‐filbertone.
Impact on disease-free survival of the duration of ovarian function suppression, as postoperative adjuvant therapy, in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: a retrospective single-institution study
Authors: Ozaki Yukinori , Tanabe Yuko , Tamura Nobuko , Ogura Takuya , Kondoh Chihiro , Miura Yuji , Yoshimura Kenichi , Kawabata Hidetaka , Takano Toshimi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Although tamoxifen (TAM) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) is considered as a standard adjuvant treatment for premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, the optimal duration of OFS has not yet been established. This retrospective study was designed to assess the duration of OFS and the impact of the duration of OFS on the DFS in these patients.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data of premenopausal patients with breast cancer who received TAM + OFS (goserelin or leuprorelin) as adjuvant therapy between February 2004 and June 2015. The primary analysis was a comparison of the disease-free survival (DFS) between patients who received OFS for 3 years or less (OFS ≤ 3 years group) and those who received OFS for longer than 3 years (OFS > 3 years group).

Results
We analyzed the data of 215 premenopausal patients diagnosed as having hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. A propensity score-matched model showed the absence of any significant difference in the DFS between the OFS ≤ 3 years group and OFS > 3 years group (6-year DFS rate, 93.2 vs. 94.0%; log-rank test p = 0.767).

Conclusions
Our data showed that among premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who received TAM + OFS as adjuvant endocrine therapy, there was no significant difference in the DFS between the OFS ≤ 3-year group and OFS > 3-year group. A randomized trial is needed to establish the optimal duration of OFS for these patients.