bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary model to identify low-risk MBA applicants
Authors: Bisschoff CA 
Published: April 2017

Business schools throughout the world strive to admit “quality” students to their MBA programmes. To achieve this, various measures are employed during the selection processes. These measures include various tests such as the General Management Admissions Test, Test of English as foreign language and the Common Admission Test, to name but a few. Although these tests may be successful in indicating the quality of applicants, their predictive capabilities with reference to the academic performance in the discipline of management and leadership are unproven, while some researchers even regard these tests to be biased or unscientific across cultural boundaries.This article attempts to provide a preliminary model that could be applied to applicants in order to predict their academic success on an MBA programme. To do so, the model makes use of historical academic performance of 729 MBA students who enrolled during the years 1999, 2000 and 2001 at the Potchefstroom Business School of the Northwest University. These students graduated in the years 2001, 2002 and 2003. A vast array of demographic, academic and historical variables is employed by discriminant analyses to categorise the applicants into 2 groups, namely:• “Low-to-no -isk” applicants for the MBA programme (most preferred applicants that should graduate within the minimum period of 3 years);• Applicants who did not complete their degree in 3 years. This category contains two groups of students, namely those who extended their studies to 4 years, and those who failed and subsequently dropped out of the MBA programme. Further analysis of this category identified:o “Medium-to-low-risk” applicants who are expected to complete their degree in 4 years (they need an additional year to complete the 3-year degree). Although this category is less favourable, they do complete their studies. o “High-risk” applicants are those who are not expected to complete their degrees and would probably exit the programme without obtaining any qualification. These applicants should not be allowed to enter into the MBA programme.The reliability of the discriminant function rates favourably with 71% (MBA in 3 years), 62% (MBA in 4 years) and 83% (dropping out of the programme) being categorised correctly by the respective discriminant functions. Being a preliminary model, its predictive capabilities need to be verified in practice before it can be implemented as tool to render assistance in MBA admissions. The value of this research lies in the fact that it constitutes a model that could be employed and improved as a predictive tool in an environment where very limited predictive tools exist. Therefore, although it is by no means a tried and tested model, it sets the scene by supplying a scientific base from which incremental improvements could result.
Industrial strategy and local economic development: The case of the foundry industry in Ekurhuleni Metro
Authors: Phele T , Roberts S , Steuart I 
Published: April 2017

This article explores the challenges for the development of manufacturing through a case study of the foundry industry in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality. Ekurhuleni Metro covers the largest concentration in South Africa, but the industry’s performance has been poor over the past decade. The findings reported here highlight the need to understand firm decisions around investment, technology and skills, and the role of local economic linkages in this regard. The differing performance of foundries strongly supports the need to develop concrete action plans and effective institutions at local level to support the development of local agglomerations.
Widening the digital divide: A study on the possible impact of the convergence Bill of 2003 on the South African cybereconomy
Authors: Da Silva EM , Kruger CJ 
Published: April 2017

Business does not exist in a vacuum. The external environment is either conducive to or stifles business growth. Van Rooyen (2004: 399) points out that ‘E-business has important implications for South Africa as an emerging economy, as it creates the possibility of better access to various financial resources and eventually increased economic activity. This will affect all sectors in the economy and may lead to generally improved business infrastructure for the country as a whole and for individual business, local authorities and government treasury departments. This is especially important for South Africa as a developing country, which in turn, will make an important contribution to rapid alleviation of private and more rapid reform in the long run’. A major determinant of the external environment in which business operates is legislation and regulation. It therefore follows that any regulation or legislation pertaining to E-business must be conducive to growth. The draft Convergence Bill of 2003 is to be tabled in Parliament during its next session. In this paper it is argued that in its present form, the proposed Convergence Bill is in fact detrimental to organisational growth, a potential kiss of death for E-enabled organisations.
The responsibility of the internal auditor in managing the risk of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Coetzee P 
Published: April 2017

HIV/AIDS is not only a risk to the world population, it is potentially devastating to individual organisations. According to the King Report on Corporate Governance, as well as other governance reports world-wide, risk management is primarily the responsibility of the board and senior management. The internal auditor however, has a responsibility to assist management with this task. This paper aims to determine whether internal auditors are aware of the potential threat that HIV/AIDS holds for their organisations. If ignorance is found to be widespread, recommendations are made to the Institute of Internal Auditors to make their members aware. If awareness is found to be adequate, the paper aims to determine whether internal auditing departments in various sectors of the South African business community are complying with this responsibility.
Evaluating Bloemfontein’s image as a tourist destination: A tour operator’s perspective
Authors: Strydom AJ , Nel RG 
Published: April 2017

Tour operators have been identified as vital information sources influencing the images and decision-making processes of tourists. Bloemfontein is situated in Central South Africa. Tourism marketers believe that the city is an ideal stopover destination for national tour operators en route to other destinations. Research was conducted among national tour operators in Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town to determine their perceptions of Bloemfontein and whether they regard the city as a tourist or stopover destination. The research indicates that the city is not regarded as a tourist destination, but is seen as an ideal stopover destination which could be included in future tour itineraries. It is currently excluded because operators are unfamiliar with the tourism offering(s) of Bloemfontein due to insufficient marketing by the tourism officials of the city.
A customer-centric approach towards evaluating single-choice information technology service provision to the parastatal sector of South Africa
Authors: Cant MC , Strydom JW , Moodley VM , Tustin DH 
Published: April 2017

The article presents a case study whereby the service performance of a single-choice information technology service provider in the parastatal industry of South Africa is measured against multi-choice private service providers without any provisional agreements. The outcome of the case study reveals that single-choice service provision options with provisional agreements have a limited chance of success if they are not supported by strong service user inputs. In fact, provisional strategies that disallow sound competition among service providers are bound to impact negatively on user preferences as well as information technology skills development opportunities that are required to improve service provision generally and long-term survival in particular.
Change in Functional Arm Use Is Associated With Somatosensory Skills After Sensory Retraining Poststroke
Authors: Turville Megan , Carey Leeanne M. , Matyas Thomas A. , Blennerhassett Jannette 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOBJECTIVE. We investigated changes in functional arm use after retraining for stroke-related somatosensory loss and identified whether such changes are associated with somatosensory discrimination skills.METHOD. Data were pooled (N = 80) from two randomized controlled trials of somatosensory retraining. We used the Motor Activity Log to measure perceived amount of arm use in daily activities and the Action Research Arm Test to measure performance capacity. Somatosensory discrimination skills were measured using standardized modality-specific measures.RESULTS. Participants’ arm use improved after somatosensory retraining (z = −6.80, p &lt; .01). Change in arm use was weakly associated with somatosensation (tactile, β = 0.31, p &lt; .01; proprioception, β = −0.17, p &gt; .05; object recognition, β = 0.13, p &lt; .05).CONCLUSION. Change in daily arm use was related to a small amount of variance in somatosensory outcomes. Stroke survivors’ functional arm use can increase after somatosensory retraining, with change varying among survivors.
Rehabilitation Research at the National Institutes of Health: Moving the Field Forward (Executive Summary)
Authors: Frontera Walter R. , Bean Jonathan F. , Damiano Diane , Ehrlich-Jones Linda , Fried-Oken Melanie , Jette Alan , Jung Ranu , Lieber Rick L. , Malec James F. , Mueller Michael J. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. , Tansey Keith E. , Thompson Aiko 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Approximately 53 million Americans live with a disability. For decades, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been conducting and supporting research to discover new ways to minimize disability and enhance the quality of life of people with disabilities. After the passage of the Americans With Disabilities Act, NIH established the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, with the goal of developing and implementing a rehabilitation research agenda. Currently, 17 institutes and centers at NIH invest more than $500 million per year in rehabilitation research. Recently, the director of NIH, Francis Collins, appointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to evaluate the status of rehabilitation research across institutes and centers. As a follow-up to the work of that panel, NIH recently organized a conference, “Rehabilitation Research at NIH: Moving the Field Forward.” This report is a summary of the discussions and proposals that will help guide rehabilitation research at NIH in the near future.
Changing trends and emissions of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and their hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) replacements
Authors: Simmonds Peter G. , Rigby Matthew , McCulloch Archie , O'Doherty Simon , Young Dickon , Mühle Jens , Krummel Paul B. , Steele Paul , Fraser Paul J. , Manning Alistair J. , Weiss Ray F. , Salameh Peter K. , Harth Chris M. , Wang Ray H. J. , Prinn Ronald G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. High-frequency, in situ global observations of HCFC-22 (CHClF2), HCFC-141b (CH3CCl2F), HCFC-142b (CH3CClF2) and HCFC-124 (CHClFCF3) and their main HFC replacements, HFC-134a (CH2FCF3), HFC-125 (CHF2CF3), HFC-143a (CH3CF3) and HFC-32 (CH2F2), have been used to determine their changing global growth rates and emissions in response to the Montreal Protocol and its recent amendments. Global mean mole fractions of HCFC-22, -141b, and -142b have increased throughout the observation period, reaching 234, 24.3 and 22.4 pmol mol−1, respectively, in 2015. HCFC-124 reached a maximum global mean mole fraction of 1.48 pmol mol−1 in 2007 and has since declined by 23 % to 1.14 pmol mol−1 in 2015. The HFCs all show increasing global mean mole fractions. In 2015 the global mean mole fractions (pmol mol−1) were 83.3 (HFC-134a), 18.4 (HFC-125), 17.7 (HFC-143a) and 10.5 (HFC-32). The 2007 adjustment to the Montreal Protocol required the accelerated phase-out of emissive uses of HCFCs with global production and consumption capped in 2013 to mitigate their environmental impact as both ozone-depleting substances and important greenhouse gases. We find that this change has coincided with a stabilisation, or moderate reduction, in global emissions of the four HCFCs with aggregated global emissions in 2015 of 449 ± 75 Gg yr−1, in CO2 equivalent units (CO2 eq.) 0.76 ± 0.1 Gt yr−1, compared with 483 ± 70 Gg yr−1 (0.82 ± 0.1 Gt yr−1 CO2 eq.) in 2010 (uncertainties are 1σ throughout this paper). About 79 % of the total HCFC atmospheric burden in 2015 is HCFC-22, where global emissions appear to have been relatively similar since 2011, in spite of the 2013 cap on emissive uses. We attribute this to a probable increase in production and consumption of HCFC-22 in Montreal Protocol Article 5 (developing) countries and the continuing release of HCFC-22 from the large banks which dominate HCFC global emissions. Conversely, the four HFCs all show increasing mole fraction growth rates with aggregated global HFC emissions of 327 ± 70 Gg yr−1 (0.65 ± 0.12 Gt yr−1 CO2 eq.) in 2015 compared to 240 ± 50 Gg yr−1 (0.47 ± 0.08 Gt yr−1 CO2 eq.) in 2010. We also note that emissions of HFC-125 and HFC-32 appear to have increased more rapidly averaged over the 5-year period 2011–2015, compared to 2006–2010. As noted by Lunt et al. (2015) this may reflect a change to refrigerant blends, such as R-410A, which contain HFC-32 and -125 as a 50 : 50 blend.
Cultural Translation and World Literature in Korea
Authors: Kim Youngmin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The aesthetics and the ethics of cultural translation create the proper distancing as well as the free linguistic displacement based upon mutual respect and equivalence in every aspect. T. S. Eliot's fragments in the last section of The Waste Land, entitled “What the Thunder Said,” demonstrates such a case of cultural translation. The purpose of this case of cultural translation has been to provide a rationale for the context of the present Korean comparative literary studies. What cultural translation can do is to let the readers understand the foreign cultures and literatures that appear to be untranslatable, by engaging dynamically with the newness and the strangeness, as well as by encountering transcultural initiation beyond the monocultural closure, as Gayatri Spivak clarified in her discussion of “supplementing” in terms of figuring out “the exact shape of a place that is empty in what is to be supplemented, zooming out, but not in competition with zooming in.” From these double perspectives of “cultural translation” and “glocalization” as well as the dynamic interplay of comparative, world literature, and translation studies in a convergent way, world literature studies beyond comparative literature as a discipline in Korea has witnessed a drastic change for the last decade. The conference themes and articles in the journals of the associations in collectivity demonstrate the phenomenon of a new wave of comparative literature in the form of world literature.
Exploring the Cosmopolitan Elements in Lao She's Works
Authors: Sheng Anfeng 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this article, the author explores the cosmopolitan elements that are intermingled with his apparently patriotic, even nationalistic, narratives. The author wants to argue that as Lao She's ultimate dream for the entire humanity, this cosmopolitan idealism, or the Great Unity of the world, comes from his own Manchu origin against the backdrop of the Han majority in China, his isolated personal experience as a young lecturer sojourning in London, the bitter experience of him and his family caused by the Western and Japanese invasions, his ambiguous religious beliefs, and his inheritance of the traditional Confucius culturing.
John Milton's Idea of Kingship and its Comparison With Confucianism
Authors: Hao Tianhu 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Scattered throughout the author's prose and poetical works, kingship is a core concept in John Milton's political and literary practices. According to Milton, a king must first be a “wise and virtuous man” (Paradise Regained), and the Son is the perfect model of kingship. The possession of virtue and a “paradise within” (Paradise Lost) would enable everyone to be kingly. Tyrants like Charles I may be lawfully deposed or even beheaded by their subjects. Milton's republicanism is not only rooted in classical, biblical, and continental traditions, but is also inseparable—in my opinion—from the native British tradition, including important figures such as John of Salisbury (twelfth century) and John Ponet (sixteenth century). This essay also compares Milton's Aristotelian “virtue politics” with Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, pinpointing the former's contemporary relevance.
Geometric Views of Partial Correlation Coefficient in Regression Analysis
Authors: Zeng Bilin , Chen Kang , Wang Cong 
Published: April 2017

By describing the geometric analogues of the concepts from various perspectives, this work aims to provide a richer and intuitive comprehension of the concept of partial correlation coefficient in the regression analysis, especially for beginning students. Based on a simple and strictly correct geometric framework, this article geometrically illustrates the concept of partial correlation coefficient in regression analysis from the views of the Frisch-Waugh-Lovell Theorem, partial F test statistics, and the comparisons with other levels of correlation coefficients. In our opinion, the geometric approach sheds lights on the regression analysis as it provides a richer and more concrete understanding for readers, especially for beginners. This paper can also be served as a supplementary reading material for serious beginners.
POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEX OF CHITOSAN AND CHONDROITIN SULFATE: FORMATION, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Novikov Vitaliy Yu. , Dolgopyatova Nataliya V. , Konovalova Irina N. , Kuchina Yuliya A. 
Published: April 2017

The formation conditions, stability and solubility of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) of chondroitin sulphate (CS) and chitosan (CN) were studied. CS was isolated from cartilage of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. The molecular weight determined by nephelometric method was 60 kDa. CN was prepared from the shell of crab Paralithodes camtschaticus, degree of deacetylation is 68.8%, molecular weight is 368 kDa. The conditions of PEC formation are established by mixing solutions of polysaccharides. The comparing the original polysaccharides and their interaction products was carried out on the basis of infrared (IR) spectra study. CS have revealed the presence of absorption near 1250 cm-1, corresponding to the asymmetric stretching vibrations of -SO2- group in organic sulfates. This absorption was absent in the spectrum of CN. In the IR spectra of the PEC this absorption of CS decreased in 2 times that correspond to molar ratio of CS and CN equals to 1:1. The absence of new bands in PEC spectrum compared with spectra of CS and CN was been explained the bonds formation due to electrostatic interactions. PEC formation conditions are studied. At the interaction of CN and CS the PEC suspension is formed, and then dense sediment of PEC drops out, whereas the molar ratio of these polysaccharides remains constant. At addition of solution of CS to the CN solution in the molar ratio 1:3; 1:6 the PEC dispersion is formed that preserves stability during 2-3 days. Possibility of practical application of the PEC formation reaction is considered. The titration of CS solution by CN solution with a known degree of deacetylation can be used to quantify the CS drug's purity. We investigated the possibility of quantitative extraction of CS directly from raw material using CN solution through formation and separation of insoluble PEC. To study the possibilities for further use of PEC its stability in aqueous solutions of electrolytes was considered. In alkaline there is partial dissolution of substances with the absorption close to CS absorption (1250 cm-1), in acid – to CS absorption. Thus, there is partial destruction of PEC in alkaline and acidic media with liberation of polysaccharides, each of which is dissolved at an appropriate pH: CS in alkaline medium, CN in acidic medium. Thus, the PEC formation, its properties and possibilities of practical application were studied in this work. For citation:Novikov V.Yu., Dolgopyatova N.V., Konovalova I.N., Kuchina Yu.A. Polyelectrolyte complex of chitosan and chondroi-tin sulfate: formation, physico-chemical properties. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N2. P. 60-66.
Distance Between the Malleoli and the Ground
Authors: Aguilar Estela Gomez , Domínguez Águeda Gómez , Peña-Algaba Carolina , Castillo-López José M. 
Published: April 2017

Background:The aim of this work is to introduce a useful method for the clinical diagnosis of leg-length inequality: distance between the malleoli and the ground (DMG).Methods:A transversal observational study was performed on 17 patients with leg-length discrepancy. Leg-length inequality was determined with different clinical methods: with a tape measure in a supine position from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the internal and external malleoli, as the difference between the iliac crests when standing (pelvimeter), and as asymmetry between ASISs (PALpation Meter [PALM]; A&D Medical Products Healthcare, San Jose, California). The Foot Posture Index (FPI) and the navicular drop test were also used. The DMG with Perthes rule (perpendicular to the foot when standing), the distance between the internal malleolus and the ground (DIMG), and the distance between the external malleolus and the ground were designed by the authors.Results:The DIMG is directly related to the traditional ASIS–external malleolus measurement (P = .003), the FPI (P = .010), and the navicular drop test (P &lt; .001). There are statistically significant differences between measurement of leg-length inequality with a tape measure, in supine decubitus, from the ASIS to the internal malleolus, and from the ASIS to the external malleolus.Conclusions:This new method (the DMG) is useful for diagnosing leg-length discrepancy and is related to the ASIS–external malleolus measurement. The DIMG is significantly inversely proportional to the degree of pronation according to the FPI. Conversely, determination of leg-length discrepancy with a tape measure from the ASIS to the malleoli cannot be performed interchangeably at the level of the internal or external malleolus.
Relation Between Nail Consistency and Incidence of Ingrown Toenails in Young Male Runners
Authors: Pico Ana María Pérez , Verjano Elisabeth , Mayordomo Raquel 
Published: April 2017

Background:This study examines the possible influence of factors such as nail shape and consistency, sex, and sports activity on the development of the most common nail disorders in a population of young people.Methods:The nail plates of 140 young people (66 females and 74 males) were studied. Of these 140 participants, 72 were runners who trained more than 10 hours a week and competed regularly, and 68 did not habitually do any sports activity. Nail shape, consistency, and disorders were examined, taking into account the sex of the participants and their sports activity.Results:A hard nail consistency is more frequent in runners (74.4%) than in people who do no sports activity (25.6%). In contrast, a soft nail consistency is more prevalent in participants who do no sports activity (70%) than in runners (30%). It was also shown that onychocryptosis is related to sex, as females had a higher prevalence of this nail disorder (57.8%, P = .016). However, young male runners showed the highest and most significant percentage of the presence of onychocryptosis (74.1%; P = .002).Conclusions:Sports activity by young male runners whose nails have a hard consistency seems to be directly related to the high incidence of onychocryptosis in this population.