bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase 3 Trial of Transplantation of Human Islets in Type 1 Diabetes Complicated by Severe Hypoglycemia
Authors: Hering Bernhard J. , Clarke William R. , Bridges Nancy D. , Eggerman Thomas L. , Alejandro Rodolfo , Bellin Melena D. , Chaloner Kathryn , Czarniecki Christine W. , Goldstein Julia S. , Hunsicker Lawrence G. , Kaufman Dixon B. , Korsgren Olle , Larsen Christian P. , Luo Xunrong , Markmann James F. , Naji Ali , Oberholzer Jose , Posselt Andrew M. , Rickels Michael R. , Ricordi Camillo , Robien Mark A. , Senior Peter A. , Shapiro A.M. James , Stock Peter G. , Turgeon Nicole A. ,   for the Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) and severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current therapies are effective in preventing SHEs in 50–80% of patients with IAH and SHEs, leaving a substantial number of patients at risk. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a standardized human pancreatic islet product in subjects in whom IAH and SHEs persisted despite medical treatment.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This multicenter, single-arm, phase 3 study of the investigational product purified human pancreatic islets (PHPI) was conducted at eight centers in North America. Forty-eight adults with T1D for &gt;5 years, absent stimulated C-peptide, and documented IAH and SHEs despite expert care were enrolled. Each received immunosuppression and one or more transplants of PHPI, manufactured on-site under good manufacturing practice conditions using a common batch record and standardized lot release criteria and test methods. The primary end point was the achievement of HbA1c &lt;7.0% (53 mmol/mol) at day 365 and freedom from SHEs from day 28 to day 365 after the first transplant.

RESULTS
The primary end point was successfully met by 87.5% of subjects at 1 year and by 71% at 2 years. The median HbA1c level was 5.6% (38 mmol/mol) at both 1 and 2 years. Hypoglycemia awareness was restored, with highly significant improvements in Clarke and HYPO scores (P &gt; 0.0001). No study-related deaths or disabilities occurred. Five of the enrollees (10.4%) experienced bleeds requiring transfusions (corresponding to 5 of 75 procedures), and two enrollees (4.1%) had infections attributed to immunosuppression. Glomerular filtration rate decreased significantly on immunosuppression, and donor-specific antibodies developed in two patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Transplanted PHPI provided glycemic control, restoration of hypoglycemia awareness, and protection from SHEs in subjects with intractable IAH and SHEs. Safety events occurred related to the infusion procedure and immunosuppression, including bleeding and decreased renal function. Islet transplantation should be considered for patients with T1D and IAH in whom other, less invasive current treatments have been ineffective in preventing SHEs.
Quelques problèmes de morphologie littorale posés par les côtes de l'Algarve (Portugal du Sud)
Authors: Godard M.-C. 
Published: April 2016

The Algarve coast, Southern Portugal, cuts in the West old slates, and in the South a younger sedimentary cover. The influence of structure in it is mostly indirect : it consists principally of a partial exhumation of a karst which had been fossilised during the Pliocene.
Relative oscillations of sea-level during the Upper Quaternary are testified by remnants of benches and old beaches lying slightly above present-time sea-level, as well as by eolianites dipping below zero O.D.
Present-time evolution consists mostly of a rapid retreat of cliffs cutting into Pliocene soft sandstones and sands, and a correlative extension of deposition in spits in the eastern section, as a result of a West and East coastal current.
Lieux de soins et paysages thérapeutiques. Du concept à la méthode. (Health care places and therapy landscapes. From concept to method)
Authors: Vaguet A. , Lefebvre Bertrand , Petit Mélanie 
Published: April 2016

Cet article de présentation introduit un projet de recherche : Lieux de SOins, LIeux de SAnté ? (LISO LISA), de l'Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Sciences de l'Homme (IRISH). Celui-ci se propose de revisiter la géographie de l'hôpital et de chercher à l'étendre vers de nouveaux horizons.
Le moment semble particulièrement adapté dans la mesure où de nombreuses constructions, complètes ou partielles, ont été menées ces dernières années et que les budgets restreints ne permettront plus ce type d'investissements avant longtemps. Centrer le propos sur les «paysages thérapeutiques », permet de présenter un concept en passe de devenir un classique de la géographie de la santé anglophone. Au delà, nous souhaitons contribuer à montrer que l'on peut aussi se servir de lui pour développer des méthodes. Celles-ci permettent de proposer de nouveaux critères permettant de discuter la qualité de vie des patients et des professionnels de santé dans les établissements hospitaliers.
USING CLOSE WHITE DWARF + M DWARF STELLAR PAIRS TO CONSTRAIN THE FLARE RATES IN CLOSE STELLAR BINARIES
Authors: Morgan Dylan P. , West Andrew A. , Becker Andrew C. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the statistical flare rates of M dwarfs (dMs) with close white dwarf (WD) companions (WD+dM; typical separations <1 au). Our previous analysis demonstrated that dMs with close WD companions are more magnetically active than their field counterparts. One likely implication of having a close binary companion is increased stellar rotation through disk-disruption, tidal effects, and/or angular momentum exchange; increased stellar rotation has long been associated with an increase in stellar activity. Previous studies show a strong correlation between dMs that are magnetically active (showing Hα in emission) and the frequency of stellar flare rates. We examine the difference between the flare rates observed in close WD+dM binary systems and field dMs. Our sample consists of a subset of 181 close WD+dM pairs from Morgan et al. observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82, where we obtain multi-epoch observations in the Sloan ugriz-bands. We find an increase in the overall flaring fraction in the close WD+dM pairs (0.09 ± 0.03%) compared to the field dMs (0.0108 ± 0.0007%) and a lower flaring fraction for active WD+dMs (0.05 ± 0.03%) compared to active dMs (0.28 ± 0.05%). We discuss how our results constrain both the single and binary dM flare rates. Our results also constrain dM multiplicity, our knowledge of the Galactic transient background, and may be important for the habitability of attending planets around dMs with close companions.
A METHOD TO CALIBRATE THE HIGH-RESOLUTION CATANIA ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY SPECTROPOLARIMETER
Authors: Leone F. , Avila G. , Bellassai G. , Bruno P. , Catalano S. , Benedetto R. Di , Stefano A. Di , Gangi M. , Giarrusso M. , Greco V. , Martinetti E. , Miraglia M. , Munari M. , Pontoni C. , Scalia C. , Scuderi S. , Spanó P. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The Catania Astrophysical Observatory Spectropolarimeter (CAOS) is a white-pupil cross-dispersed échelle spectrograph with a spectral resolution of up to R = 55,000 in the 375–1100 nm range in a single exposure, with complete coverage up to 856 nm. CAOS is linked to the 36-inch telescope, at Mount Etna Observatory, with a couple of 100 μm optical fibers and it achieves a signal-to-noise ratio better than 60 for a V = 10 mag star in one hour. CAOS is thermally stabilized in temperature within a 0.01 K rms, so that radial velocities are measured with a precision better than 100 m s−1 from a single spectral line. Linear and circular spectropolarimetric observations are possible by means of a Savart plate working in series with a half-wave and a quarter-wave retarder plate in the 376–850 nm range. As is usual for high-resolution spectropolarimeters, CAOS is suitable to measure all Stokes parameters across spectral lines and it cannot measure the absolute degree of polarization. Observations of unpolarized standard stars show that instrumental polarization is generally zero at 550 nm and can increase up to 3% at the other wavelengths. Since polarized and unpolarized standard stars are useless, we suggest a method to calibrate a high-resolution spectropolarimeter on the basis of the polarimetric properties of spectral lines formed in the presence of a magnetic field. As applied to CAOS, observations of magnetic chemically peculiar stars of the main sequence show that the cross-talk from linear to circular polarization is smaller than 0.4% and that conversion from circular to linear is less than 2.7%. Strength and wavelength dependences of cross-talk can be entirely ascribed, via numerical simulations, to the incorrect retardance of achromatic wave plates.
ADIABATIC BLACK HOLE GROWTH IN SÉRSIC MODELS OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES
Authors: Jingade Naveen , Saini Tarun Deep , Tremaine Scott 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We have examined the effect of slow growth of a central black hole on spherical galaxies that obey Sérsic or

R

1

/

m

surface-brightness profiles. During such growth the actions of each stellar orbit are conserved, which allows us to compute the final distribution function (DF) if we assume that the initial DF is isotropic. We find that black hole growth leads to a central cusp or “excess light,” in which the surface brightness varies with radius as

R

−
1.3

(with a weak dependence on Sérsic index m), the line-of-sight velocity dispersion varies as

R

−
1

/

2

, and the velocity anisotropy is

β
≃
−
0.24

to −0.28 depending on m. The excess stellar mass in the cusp scales approximately linearly with the black hole mass, and is typically 0.5–0.85 times the black hole mass. This process may strongly influence the structure of nuclear star clusters in spheroidal galaxies if they contain black holes.
TESTING WIND AS AN EXPLANATION FOR THE SPIN PROBLEM IN THE CONTINUUM-FITTING METHOD
Authors: You Bei , Straub Odele , Czerny Bożena , Sobolewska Małgosia , Różańska Agata , Bursa Michal , Dovčiak Michal 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The continuum-fitting method is one of the two most advanced methods of determining the black hole spin in accreting X-ray binary systems. There are, however, still some unresolved issues with the underlying disk models. One of these issues manifests as an apparent decrease in spin for increasing source luminosity. Here, we perform a few simple tests to establish whether outflows from the disk close to the inner radius can address this problem. We employ four different parametric models to describe the wind and compare these to the apparent decrease in spin with luminosity measured in the sources LMC X-3 and GRS 1915+105. Wind models in which parameters do not explicitly depend on the accretion rate cannot reproduce the spin measurements. Models with mass accretion rate dependent outflows, however, have spectra that emulate the observed ones. The assumption of a wind thus effectively removes the artifact of spin decrease. This solution is not unique; the same conclusion can be obtained using a truncated inner disk model. To distinguish among the valid models, we will need high-resolution X-ray data and a realistic description of the Comptonization in the wind.
THE ROLL-OVER OF HELIOSPHERIC NEUTRAL HYDROGEN BELOW 100 eV: OBSERVATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Galli A. , Wurz P. , Schwadron N. A. , Kucharek H. , Möbius E. , Bzowski M. , Sokół J. M. , Kubiak M. A. , Funsten H. O. , Fuselier S. A. , McComas D. J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present an improved analysis of the energy spectrum of energetic neutral hydrogen from the heliosheath observed with the IBEX-Lo sensor on the Interstellar Boundary EXplorer from the years 2009 to 2012. This analysis allows us to study the lowest energies between 10 and 100 eV although various background sources are more intense than the targeted signal over broad areas of the sky. The results improve our knowledge of the interaction region between our heliosphere and the interstellar plasma because these neutral atoms are direct messengers from the low-energy plasma in the heliosheath. We find a roll-over of the energy spectrum below 100 eV, which has major implications for the pressure balance of the plasma in the inner heliosheath. The results can also be compared directly with in situ observations of the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft.
SOLAR MODELS WITH NEW LOW METAL ABUNDANCES
Authors: Yang Wuming 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
In the past decade, the photospheric abundances of the Sun had been revised several times by many observers. The standard solar models constructed with the new low-metal abundances disagree with helioseismic results and detected neutrino fluxes. The solar model problem has puzzled some stellar physicists for more than 10 years. Rotation, enhanced diffusion, convection overshoot, and magnetic fields are used to reconcile the new abundances with helioseismology. The too low helium subsurface abundance in enhanced diffusion models can be improved by the mixing caused by rotation and magnetic fields. The problem of the depth of the convective zone in rotating models can be resolved by convection overshoot. Consequently, the Asplund–Grevesse–Sauval rotation model including overshooting (AGSR) reproduces the seismically inferred sound-speed and density profiles and the convection zone depth as well as the Grevesse & Sauval model computed before. But this model fails to reproduce the surface helium abundance, which is 0.2393 (2.6σ away from the seismic value), and neutrino fluxes. The magnetic model called AGSM keeps the agreement of the AGSR and improves the prediction of the surface helium abundance. The observed separation ratios r
02 and r
13 are reasonably reproduced by AGSM. Moreover, neutrino fluxes calculated by this model are not far from the detected neutrino fluxes and the predictions of previous works.
ON THE LAUNCHING AND STRUCTURE OF RADIATIVELY DRIVEN WINDS IN WOLF–RAYET STARS
Authors: Ro Stephen , Matzner Christopher D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Hydrostatic models of Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars typically contain low-density outer envelopes that inflate the stellar radii by a factor of several and are capped by a denser shell of gas. Inflated envelopes and density inversions are hallmarks of envelopes that become super-Eddington as they cross the iron-group opacity peak, but these features disappear when mass loss is sufficiently rapid. We re-examine the structures of steady, spherically symmetric wind solutions that cross a sonic point at high optical depth, identifying the physical mechanism through which the outflow affects the stellar structure, and provide an improved analytical estimate for the critical mass-loss rate above which extended structures are erased. Weak-flow solutions below this limit resemble hydrostatic stars even in supersonic zones; however, we infer that these fail to successfully launch optically thick winds. WR envelopes will therefore likely correspond to the strong, compact solutions. We also find that wind solutions with negligible gas pressure are stably stratified at and below the sonic point. This implies that convection is not the source of variability in WR stars, as has been suggested; however, acoustic instabilities provide an alternative explanation. Our solutions are limited to high optical depths by our neglect of Doppler enhancements to the opacity, and do not account for acoustic instabilities at high Eddington factors; yet, they do provide useful insights into WR stellar structures.
ON THE PROBLEM OF DEFORMED SPHERICAL SYSTEMS IN MODIFIED NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS
Authors: Ko (高仲明) Chung-Ming 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Based on Newtonian dynamics, observations show that the luminous masses of astrophysical objects that are the size of a galaxy or larger are not enough to generate the measured motions which they supposedly determine. This is typically attributed to the existence of dark matter, which possesses mass but does not radiate (or absorb radiation). Alternatively, the mismatch can be explained if the underlying dynamics is not Newtonian. Within this conceptual scheme, Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a successful theoretical paradigm. MOND is usually expressed in terms of a nonlinear Poisson equation, which is difficult to analyze for arbitrary matter distributions. We study the MONDian gravitational field generated by slightly non-spherically symmetric mass distributions based on the fact that both Newtonian and MONDian fields are conservative (which we refer to as the compatibility condition). As the non-relativistic version of MOND has two different formulations (AQUAL and QuMOND) and the compatibility condition can be expressed in two ways, there are four approaches to the problem in total. The method involves solving a suitably defined linear deformation potential, which generally depends on the choice of MOND interpolation function. However, for some specific form of the deformation potential, the solution is independent of the interpolation function.
L’homme, la croissance et la mort
Authors: Cochereau Mathieu 
Published: April 2016

Que signifie la croissance et en quoi porte-t-elle la mort ? Cette question nécessite de retourner à l’origine de la formation du concept de croissance économique et à celui de nature car il ne saurait y avoir d’appropriation du monde par l’homme sans réflexion sur la nature. Il apparaît que la croissance qui désignait chez les Grecs l’expansion de la vie dans l’harmonie d’un éternel retour ( physis ) est devenue chez les modernes un espace à trois dimensions dont la connaissance justifiait la maîtrise technique. On se demande ici quelle est la signification de cette révolution et en quoi on peut dire que la croissance est mortifère dès lors qu’elle n’est plus physis . Il s’agira surtout d’en comprendre les conséquences humaines et de savoir s’il s’agit là du dernier mot sur la nature ou bien s’il est possible de changer notre perception afin de vivre dans un monde plus respectueux de l’environnement.
La tératogénie mondialisée
Authors: Jandrok Thierry 
Published: April 2016

La croissance est un signifiant issu de la dogmatique contemporaine. Sa fonction est d’organiser les pensées et de présenter un horizon possible à la rationalité postmoderne. Comment le sujet peut-il s’en emparer, en courant quels risques. Comment l’économie psychique répond-elle à l’injonction de la croissance économique ? Peut-elle même s’y adapter et à quel prix pour le sujet ?
Brief communication: On direct impact probability of landslides on vehicles
Authors: Nicolet Pierrick , Jaboyedoff Michel , Cloutier Catherine , Crosta Giovanni B. , Lévy Sébastien 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. When calculating the risk of railway or road users of being killed by a natural hazard, one has to calculate a temporal spatial probability, i.e. the probability of a vehicle being in the path of the falling mass when the mass falls, or the expected number of affected vehicles in case such of an event. To calculate this, different methods are used in the literature, and, most of the time, they consider only the dimensions of the falling mass or the dimensions of the vehicles. Some authors do however consider both dimensions at the same time, and the use of their approach is recommended. Finally, a method considering an impact on the front of the vehicle is discussed.
The effects of grazing on the spatial pattern of elm (Ulmus pumila L.) in the sparse woodland steppe of Horqin Sandy Land in northeastern China
Authors: Zhang M. , Wu J. , Tang Y. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of grazing on the formation of the spatial pattern of elm growth in a sparse woodland steppe. We used a point pattern method to analyze the elm trees within different diameter at breast height (DBH) classes in both grazed and fenced plots, which were established in Horqin Sandy Land of northeastern China. The results showed that, in the grazed plot, the distances where transformation between random and clustered patterns occurred in class 1 (10 cm  ≤  DBH  ≤  15 cm) and class 2 (15 cm  <  DBH  ≤  20 cm) were 2.27 and 2.37 m, respectively. Meanwhile, in the fenced plot, the distances between random and aggregated patterns that occurred in classes 1, 2 and 3 (DBH > 20 cm) were 3.13, 3.13 and 7.85 m, respectively. In the fenced plot, at distances larger than 67.72 m there was a negative association between classes 1 and 2, which was also the case between classes 2 and 3 and between classes 1 and 3 for distances greater than 104.09 and 128.54 m, respectively. Meanwhile, negative associations occurred only at distances larger than 29.38 m in the grazed plot. These findings suggest that grazing reduced the competition intensity between elm trees; and therefore, grazing management could be an effective strategy used to regulate the elm population in the degraded sandy land of northern China.
Disfiguring Socratic Irony
Authors: Detweiler Eric 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article pursues an antihermeneutic conception of Socratic irony that troubles the borders between pedagogical authority and humility. One of the most tenacious ways of troping the teacher-student relation, Socratic irony is often figured as a way for a masterful teacher to exercise authority over a student. Drawing on the writings of Søren Kierkegaard and Avital Ronell, this article repositions such irony as an uncontrollability in language itself—one that can humble and humiliate teacher and student alike. Via divergent readings of Plato's Gorgias and Aristophanes' Clouds, as well as Bruno Latour's interpretation of the former, I question how this approach to Socratic irony might re- and unwork rhetoricians' positions of mastery with regard to both students and systematized bodies of knowledge.
Hegelian Comedy
Authors: Donougho Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article examines how rhetoric bears on Hegel's presentation of comedy. Although comedy succeeds tragedy in his catalogue of “romantic” arts, Hegel says little about it, a paradox mirrored in the secondary literature. Moreover, while Hegel's dialectic attests to his education in rhetoric in its staging of the multivalent image and its tracking of ironic, chiastic reversal of significance, the Aesthetics downplays any such performative element. I note Hegel's praise of Aristophanes, at odds with the dominant line of New Comedy: following the romantics, Hegel foregrounds human subjectivity in both action represented and audience reception. I summarize his position and then contrast its thematic bias with the Phenomenology's attention to form and pragmatics. Comedic discovery of self in “Art-religion” (chapter 7) prefigures self-presentation in the philosophical Idea, and confirms Hayden White's filing of Hegelian historiography under comedy. Anticipating Bergson, Hegel locates comedy on the margin between art and life, as philosophical regard merges with its object.