bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and public involvement in healthcare: a systematic mapping review of systematic reviews – identification of current research and possible directions for future research
Authors: Bergholtz Jana , Wolf Axel , Crine Vanessa , Cleeve Helena , Santana Maria-Jose , Björkman Ida 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo provide an overview of patient and public involvement (PPI) in the mesolevel and macrolevel of healthcare (different from PPI in research) and identify directions for future research by mapping contexts, terminology, conceptual frameworks, measured outcomes and research gaps.DesignMapping review of systematic reviews. A patient coresearcher (JB) was involved in all stages. A broad search strategy was applied to capture the variation in terminology.Data sourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from 1 January 2001 to 5 December 2022.Eligibility criteriaWe included systematic reviews of empirical studies focusing on PPI in the mesolevel and macrolevel of healthcare.Data extraction and synthesisThree independent reviewers used standardised methods to screen studies and extract data. Thematic categories were created inductively through iteration. The results were organised in narrative, visual or tabular formats.Results4419 identified records were screened. 37 systematic reviews were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were narrative syntheses (N=26). Identified context categories were PPI for healthcare quality improvement (22%), patient safety (8%), community-based initiatives (27%), peer support (16 %) and education of healthcare professionals (27%). A wide range of terms was used to discuss PPI, with community participation being the most common. 28 reviews reported on frameworks, conceptual guidance and/or policy documents. Nine different types of outcomes were identified. The research gap pointed out most frequently is the lack of studies of robust designs that allow for replication and long-term follow-up, followed by studies on cost-effectiveness and resources needed. There is a need for consensus on the use of terminology.ConclusionsThis mapping review sheds light on the evolving landscape of PPI in healthcare. To advance the field, future research should prioritise rigorous study designs, cost-effectiveness assessments and consensus-building efforts to create a more unified and impactful approach for PPI in healthcare.
Value of an orthopaedic admission proforma
Authors: Akasha Munzir , Boughton Oliver , Cleary May 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAdmission notes are an important aspect of clinical practice and a vital means of communication among healthcare professionals. Incomplete or poor clinical documentation on admission can lead to delayed surgery.Patients and methodsA retrospective analysis of 20 consecutive admission notes to our department was compared against the Royal College of Surgeons standards (GSP 2014). A new admission proforma was designed, and after the introductory period, two further retrospective cycles were performed.ResultsIn total, 60 admission notes were analysed. Following the introduction of the proforma, there was an overall improvement in the documentation of the quality and quantity of notes studied.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that a well-structured admission protocol can improve the overall quality of admission notes.
Aspiration catheter tip flutter is a reliable indicator of successful clot aspiration in ADAPT
Authors: Li Dan-Dong , Zheng Jing , Pan Ke-Da , Yao Pi-Guang , Wang Meng-Yao , Duan Ren-Hua , Li Wei , Chen Shao-Huai , Yin Bo 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundA direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) has emerged as a fast, safe, and efficacious method for treating acute large vessel occlusion. However, successful clot aspiration is not guaranteed in every ADAPT procedure. We have observed that when the catheter effectively ingested the clot, the catheter tip displayed a distinct fluttering motion, referred to herein as tip flutter. Thus this study aimed to assess whether this catheter tip flutter can be used as a sign of successful clot aspiration.MethodsThis retrospective study included 231 consecutive patients admitted to our institution due to acute ischemic stroke and treated with ADAPT between October 2018 and November 2023. We obtained baseline and procedural data from all patients. Additionally, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of the tip flutter in predicting clot aspiration.ResultsThe incidence of embolus translocation was significantly higher in the tip flutter positive group than in the tip flutter negative group (P<0.001). Also, hyperdense artery presentation was more prevalent in the positive group (P<0.001), whereas the clot burden score was higher in the negative group (P=0.002). Clot aspiration in the first pass occurred in 83 (96.5%) and 37 (25.5%) patients in the positive and negative groups, respectively (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the tip flutter sign (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.29; P<0.001) was an independent predictor of successful clot aspiration. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of the tip flutter for predicting clot aspiration were 69.2%, 97.3%, 96.5 %, 74.5%, and 82.7%, respectively.ConclusionsIn this study, we found that tip flutter was a reliable indicator of successful clot aspiration during ADAPT.
Improved technical outcomes with converting thrombectomy techniques after failed first pass recanalization
Authors: Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Matouk Charles , Uchida Kazutaka , Al Kasab Sami , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Elawady Sameh Samir , Maier Ilko , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-tae , Wolfe Stacey Q , Rai Ansaar T , Starke Robert M , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Samaniego Edgar A , Arthur Adam S , Cuellar Hugo , Howard Brain M , Romano Daniele G , Tanweer Omar , Mascitelli Justin R , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam , Osbun Joshua W , Crosa Roberto Javier , Park Min S , Levitt Michael R , Brinjikji Waleed , Moss Mark , Williamson Richard , Navia Pedro , Kan Peter , De Leacy Reade Andrew , Chowdhry Shakeel A , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Spiotta Alejandro M , Yoshimura Shinichi , Alawieh Ali M 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundA higher number of recanalization attempts reduces the efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion (LVO). We assessed the impact of switching EVT techniques after a failed first pass on procedural and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis multicenter international study, conducted between January 2013 and December 2022, included patients undergoing EVT for anterior circulation LVO (internal carotid artery or M1 segments) with failed first pass recanalization. Propensity score matching identified a 1:1 matched cohort of patients in whom EVT technique was changed after a failed first pass and those with the same technique repeated. The primary outcome was successful recanalization at second attempt defined as Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) score of 2B or higher. Secondary outcomes were 90-day modified Rankin Score (mRS) and postprocedural hemorrhage.ResultsAmong 2167 patients, converting to an alternative technique after a failed first pass was associated with higher odds of successful recanalization (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.5, p=0.041), and higher odds of mRS 0–2 at 90 days (aOR=1.6, p=0.005) without additional risk of symptomatic hemorrhage (p=0.379). Using a propensity score matched cohort of 490 patients, technique conversion at second attempt increased odds of successful recanalization at second attempt (aOR=1.32, p=0.006) and 90-day mRS 0–2 (aOR=1.38, p=0.008).ConclusionsEarly conversion to an alternative EVT technique after a failed first pass recanalization in patients with AIS is associated with better technical success and clinical outcomes.
DOT sign indicates persistent hypoperfusion and poor outcome in patients with incomplete reperfusion following thrombectomy
Authors: Mujanovic Adnan , Windecker Daniel , Serrallach Bettina , Kurmann Christoph C , Rohner Roman , Auer Elias , Cimflova Petra , Meinel Thomas R , Dorn Franziska , Chapot René , Seiffge David , Piechowiak Eike Immo I , Dobrocky Tomas , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs , Pilgram-Pastor Sara , Kaesmacher Johannes 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundDistal occlusions associated with incomplete reperfusion (expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, <eTICI 3) may not reperfuse spontaneously and thus prompt ischemia (ie, persistent hypoperfusion). We aimed to assess whether the recently reported Distal Occlusion Tracker (DOT) sign on immediate non-contrast post-interventional flat-panel detector computed tomography (FPDCT) is associated with persistent hypoperfusion.MethodsRetrospective registry analysis of patients undergoing endovascular therapy between July 2020 and December 2022, with available immediate post-interventional FPDCT and 24 hours follow-up perfusion imaging. Persistent hypoperfusion was defined as a perfusion deficit at 24 hours directly corresponding to the area of incomplete reperfusion on final angiography run. The DOT sign was defined as a punctiform or tubular hyperdense signal increase on FPDCT indicative of a residual occlusion. Association between the DOT sign (present/absent) with the occurrence of persistent hypoperfusion and poor outcome (modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 3–6) was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 292 patients included (median age 73 years; 47% female), 209 had incomplete reperfusion. Among patients with incomplete reperfusion, 61% had a present DOT sign and 46% had persistent hypoperfusion. In the overall cohort, but also within each eTICI stratum, a present DOT sign was associated with persistent hypoperfusion on 24±12 hours follow-up perfusion imaging (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0 to 12.3 for patients with eTICI 2 a-2c). A present DOT sign was also associated with poor outcome (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.2).ConclusionPatients with <eTICI 3 and a present DOT sign have a higher likelihood of persistent hypoperfusion and might constitute a subgroup that could particularly benefit from additional reperfusion attempts.
Intraoperative cerebral angiography reveals microsurgically occult sequelae of temporary clip application during elective cerebral aneurysm surgery
Authors: Hendrix Philipp , Hemmer Sina , Chopra Anant , Goren Oded , Weiner Gregory M , Schirmer Clemens M , Oliver Jeffrey D 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundTemporary clipping (TC) is an essential adjunct in cerebral aneurysm (CA) surgery. Despite appearing insignificant to the surgeon under the microscope, TC may cause parent vessel injury. Intraoperative diagnostic cerebral angiography (ioDCA) is crucial for assessing aneurysm occlusion and parent vessel integrity. We aimed to assess sequelae of TC evident on immediate ioDCA.MethodsElective CA clippings with ioDCA in a hybrid operating room from January 2020 to June 2023 were reviewed. Microsurgical and angiographic assessments were performed to identify post-TC parent vessel alterations. Outcomes were compared between TC and non-TC-groups.ResultsCollectively, 107 patients underwent 111 craniotomies for clipping of 127 CAs. TC was used in 59/111 cases (53.2%) for treatment of 66/127 CAs (51.9%). CA size and neck were significantly larger in the TC group than in the non-TC group (p<0.001). Parent vessel vasospasm at the site of the previous temporary clip location was evident on 3D rotational angiography in 12/59 (20.3%) TC cases. Clip adjustment rates after ioDCA were similar between groups (TC 13.6% vs non-TC 8.2%, p=0.328). In the TC group compared with the non-TC group, the rates of symptomatic radiographic ischemia and functional decline at discharge were significantly higher (p=0.022 and p=0.045, respectively). However, functional status at follow-up was comparable (p=0.620).ConclusionsTC during CA surgery can cause significant yet microsurgically occult vasospasm in the parent vessel, potentially contributing to symptomatic ischemia and early functional decline. Intraoperative angiography is crucial for detecting this issue, highlighting both its importance and the risks associated with TC.
Spiritual assessment in palliative care: multicentre study
Authors: Biswas Jheelam , Mroy Wai Wai , Islam Nashid , Afsar Nahid , Kashmeeri Mastura , Banik Palash Chandra 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to provide an in-depth exploration of everyday spiritual concerns of patients with advanced cancer seeking palliative care in Bangladesh, and assess their spiritual well-being (SWB).MethodsThis study was conducted among 163 patients with advanced cancer from three tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh. It was divided into two parts: a quantitative segment that assessed the SWB of the participants using the EORTC QLQ SWB32, and a qualitative segment that explored their spiritual history.ResultSpirituality was commonly interpreted and understood synonymously with religion by all participants, and their sense of life’s meaning centred on their families and friends. The lack of support from religious organisations led to feelings of isolation and disconnection from spiritual communities. Highest scores in SWB were observed in Relationships with God and Someone/Something Greater Scales. The lowest score was observed for Existential fulfilment. Patients expressed a desire for their palliative care team to address their spiritual concerns, regardless of their training in this area.ConclusionSpirituality is a deeply personal aspect of the human experience. Understanding and respecting these beliefs can empower palliative care professionals to deliver culturally sensitive care to their patients, irrespective of their level of training.
End-of-life preferences of people with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mendes M Aurora , Muijsenberg Anouk JL , Houben-Wilke Sarah , Houben Carmen HM , Spruit Martijn A , Marques Alda , Janssen Daisy J A 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo identify end-of-life preferences of people with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to compare characteristics between those who wish to discuss the end-of-life and those who do not.MethodsAn analysis of the baseline data of a randomised controlled trial was performed including people with COPD GOLD stages III–IV or former quadrant D with modified Medical Research Council questionnaire grade ≥2, after hospital discharge following an exacerbation. Participants were interviewed using the End-of-Life Preferences Interview.ResultsA total of 165 individuals (53% men; 68±9 years old; 55% care dependent) were included. Most participants wished to take part in shared decision-making (78%), to be informed about a short life expectancy (82%), to discuss the end-of-life (82%), to have loved ones around at death (87%) and to choose when to die (70%). They also reported accepting opioids (74%). Preferences for who to provide physical care, the place, consciousness and atmosphere at death as well as life-sustaining treatments were heterogeneous. Participants who wanted to discuss the end-of-life had a significantly higher educational level (p=0.030) and worse health status than participants who did not (p=0.007).ConclusionsEnd-of-life preferences of people with advanced COPD were heterogeneous, however, most wished to discuss it, especially those with higher educational level and worse health status.Trial registration numberNTR3940.
Recent results from the DANSS experiment
Authors: Danilov Mikhail 
Published: September 2024

Recent results from the DANSS experiment on the searches for sterile neutrinos are presented. They are based on approximately 5.5 million inverse beta decay events collected at 10.9, 11.9 and 12.9[Formula: see text]m from the reactor core of the 3.1 GW Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant in Russia. We do not see any statistically significant sign for the [Formula: see text] oscillations. The exclusion area in the sterile neutrino oscillation parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] goes up to [Formula: see text] in the most sensitive region in the reactor model independent study. A comparison of the absolute neutrino event rate and reactor models predictions allowed to exclude practically the whole sterile neutrino parameter space preferred by the BEST experiment as well as the best fit point of the Neutrino-4 experiment. Studies of the positron energy spectrum in the antineutrino inverse beta decay reaction and its dependence on the fuel composition are also presented. The ratio of the cross sections for [Formula: see text]U and [Formula: see text]Pu was measured. Reactor power was measured remotely using antineutrinos with [Formula: see text] accuracy in 3 days during 6.5 years.
Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of the Drugs Used in Oncology Department at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Kumar Ranjeet , Saxena Vikas 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Nearly everyone in our society is concerned about the financial cost of healthcare. The aim to reduce health‐care costs motivates us to seek out therapies that deliver the highest possible value, depending in part on comparable economic evaluations. Cost‐effectiveness analysis is a sort of economic research in which the relative costs and outcomes of two or more competing methodologies are examined.Aim/Objective: To conduct a cost‐effectiveness study of various cancer therapy interventions. To analyze the individual’s demographic details, health parameters, treatment outcomes, and costs.Methods: This is an observational study that was conducted at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, India, for the duration of 6 months (December 2022 to May 2023) according to STROBE guidelines.Results: This observational study comprised 360 individuals, with the exception of pregnant women as well as patients who declined to participate. During this investigation, it was discovered that the bulk of patients were admitted to the IPD (In‐Patient Department) 238 (66.1%) at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital in Faridkot, Punjab, India. The patients’ mean ages and weights were (M = 42.51, SD = 12.31) years and (M = 58.24, SD = 7.96) kg. Female patients scored higher than male patients (60.3%, 217). A linear regression test was performed to determine the link between the total expense of therapy (dependent variable) and each patient’s per capita income each month (independent variable). The result was significant (p = 0.001). A one‐way analysis of variance was used to compare the total expense of treatment with the type of therapy; the test yielded significant results (p = 0.001).Conclusion: The present research shows the correlation between cost and other dependent variables utilizing various statistical analytic approaches. The cost‐effectiveness of cancer treatment must be evaluated individually, taking into account the patient’s health, choices, and overall prognosis.
Disparities in Plasma Homocysteine Levels Between Early‐Onset and Late‐Onset Depression
Authors: Wang Tianle , Wang Qiang , Zhou Huarong , Zhong Xiaomei , Dai Ying-Chun , Zhao Jiubo , Li Zezhi , Ning Yuping 
Published: September 2024

Background: Elevated homocysteine levels and late‐life depression are risk factors for cognitive decline: a comparative study highlighted the association of late‐onset depression (LOD) with more significant cognitive deficits and brain pathology than early‐onset depression (EOD). Limited research has explored the possible interaction between homocysteine levels and their correlation with cognitive performance in patients with EOD and LOD.Methods: Fifty‐seven individuals with EOD, 56 with LOD, and 89 matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Global cognition, memory, execution, language, attention, visuospatial skills, and plasma homocysteine levels were examined.Results: Compared with HC and patients with EOD, patients with LOD had higher plasma homocysteine levels (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between HC and patients with EOD (p > 0.05). Furthermore, homocysteine levels and diagnosis groups showed significant main effects on depression and cognition, with no significant interaction effects being observed. Additionally, plasma homocysteine levels were negatively correlated with global cognition, attention, visuospatial skills, and executive function in patients with LOD (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Compared with HC and patients with EOD, elevated homocysteine levels in patients with LOD were independently associated with cognitive performance. The potential therapeutic efficacy of homocysteine‐lowering B‐vitamin supplementation could be explored as a viable intervention to mitigate the documented debilitating effects of cognitive deficits in this population.
Tranilast Treatment Prevents Chronic Radiation-Induced Colitis in Rats by Inhibiting Mast Cell Infiltration
Authors: Seo Kyung Jin , Alam Mohammad Rizwan , Abdul-Ghafar Jamshid , Kim Sang Woo , Kim Hyung Keun , Choi Hyun Ho , Sin Seung Ho , Lee Hae Kyung , Chae Hiun Suk 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Mast cells are the principal cells involved in acute and chronic colitis due to radiation, known as radiation-induced colitis (RIC). In this study, we investigated whether pretreatment with tranilast, a mast cell inhibitor, could alleviate chronic RIC. Methods: A total of 23 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n = 5), radiation group (RG, n = 9), and tranilast-pretreated radiation group (TG, n = 9). The rats in the RG and the TG were irradiated in the pelvic area (1.5 cm from the anus) with a single dose of 20 Gy under general anesthesia. Tranilast (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to the rats of the TG for 10 days, starting from the day of pelvic radiation. Ten weeks after radiation, the rats were euthanized. Rectal tissue samples were histologically evaluated for the total inflammation score (TIS) and mast cell count. The expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was also assessed immunohistochemically. Results: Both the TIS and specific components of TIS such as epithelial atypia, vascular sclerosis, and colitis cystica profunda (CCP) were significantly higher in the RG than in the TG (p = 0.02, 0.038, 0.025, and 0.01, respectively). Thein number of infiltrating mast cells was significantly higher in the RG than in the TG (median [range]: 20 [3−54] versus 6 [3−25], respectively; p = 0.034). Quantitatively, the number of MMP-9-positive cells was significantly higher in the RG (23.67 ± 19.00) than in the TG (10.25 ± 8.45) (mean ± standard deviation; p &lt; 0.05). TIS and MMP-9 exhibited a strong association (correlation coefficient r = 0.56, p &lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemically, the mucin-lake of CCP showed no staining for MUC5AC but was stained positive for MUC2. Conclusion: Tranilast pretreatment of chronic RIC showed an anti-inflammatory effect associated with the reduction of mast cell infiltration and MMP-9 expression.