bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in a Myopic Patient with Pachychoroid
Authors: van Dijk Elon H.C. , de Roon Hertoge Kasper L. , Boon Camiel J.F. 
Published: May 2017

Introduction To report a case of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) associated with a retinal pigment epithelium detachment in a myopic patient with marked pachychoroid. Patient presentation Case report of a 37-year-old male patient with relatively high myopia (-5.00D in OD/-5.75D in OS), unilateral CSC, and bilateral retinal pigment epithelial detachments, pachychoroid, and choroidal hyperaemia. Standard ophthalmological examination and multimodal imaging, including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain and enhanced depth optical coherence tomography, and indocyanine green angiography were performed. Conclusions Findings characteristic for the spectrum of CSC/pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy can be observed in patients with relatively high myopia. Based on the outcome of complete ophthalmological examination, this clinical picture can be discerned from other diseases, which is important for the optimal therapeutic approach.
Target Days versus Actual Days of Finished Goods Inventory in Fast Moving Consumer Goods
Authors: Vaz Anthony , Mansori Shaheen 
Published: May 2017

In a bid to maximize corporate profits, many multi-national corporations and even small medium enterprises create many products and place them on shelves at hypermarkets or supermarkets. We can observe an abundance of stock keeping units on shelves as well as observe a variety of such finished goods held by various fast moving consumer goods industries in the home appliance, beverage, canned food, clothes, soft-drinks, cordials and confectionery product ranges, just to name a few. From supplier, manufacturer, distributor, wholesaler and retailer, it appears that there is a constant flow of new products and stock keeping units held for these fast moving consumer goods. We can say that we humans are a rather wasteful species because a large proportion of products become obsolete or slow moving over time and organizations push products into the marketplace to gain competitive advantage and optimize profits. Hence, there is need to address this issue in the field of Supply Chain Management because resources on this planet are limited and we humans live in a very fragile planet. Yet, as population grows, we humans have become used to this over-abundance even though the resources within this planet are becoming more and more scarce. Consumption levels have increased with population growth and with capitalist thinking, virtually anybody can develop businesses that will create products to meet human needs. In the field of Supply Chain Management, managers set polices on when to order and how much to order and the average inventory that results from these inventory replenishment policies become targets. This paper attempts to compare target days of inventory with actual days of inventory held in warehouses for a single organization with many warehouses/ stock keeping units, in an attempt to understand further approaches that can be used to improve inventory waste within supply chains.
Oceanic adults, coastal juveniles: tracking the habitat use of whale sharks off the Pacific coast of Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-Macías Dení , Queiroz Nuno , Pierce Simon J. , Humphries Nicolas E. , Sims David W. , Brunnschweiler Juerg M. 
Published: May 2017

Eight whale sharks tagged with pop-up satellite archival tags off the Gulf of California, Mexico, were tracked for periods of 14–134 days. Five of these sharks were adults, with four females visually assessed to be pregnant. At least for the periods they were tracked, juveniles remained in the Gulf of California while adults moved offshore into the eastern Pacific Ocean. We propose that parturition occurs in these offshore waters. Excluding two juveniles that remained in the shallow tagging area for the duration of tracking, all sharks spent 65 ± 20.7% (SD) of their time near the surface, even over deep water, often in association with frontal zones characterized by cool-water upwelling. While these six sharks all made dives into the meso- or bathypelagic zones, with two sharks reaching the maximum depth recordable by the tags (1285.8 m), time spent at these depths represented a small proportion of the overall tracks. Most deep dives (72.7%) took place during the day, particularly during the early morning and late afternoon. Pronounced habitat differences by ontogenetic stage suggest that adult whale sharks are less likely to frequent coastal waters after the onset of maturity.
Characterization of induced seismicity patterns derived from internal structure in event clusters
Authors: Goertz‐Allmann B. P. , Gibbons S. J. , Oye V. , Bauer R. , Will R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstractmicroseismicity induced by CO2 injection at Decatur, Illinois, occurs in distinct clusters and shows no obvious correlation with the proceeding pressure front. We analyze some of these clusters in more depth by using a waveform cross‐correlation approach. With this approach we can associate about 1400 events from two clusters, with moment magnitudes between 1.1 and −1.7, with specific formations of much smaller vertical dimensions (tens of meters) than the depth resolution of traveltime‐based event locations. The differentiation of reservoir and basement events, and the definition of subclusters by waveform correlation, rather than by location, helps to better analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the events within a cluster. In the Decatur case, this is characterized by event migration from the reservoir into the adjacent basement. The spatial variation of Brune stress drop and Gutenberg b value exhibits signs of a fluid‐driven triggering mechanism at the cluster level, revealing a punctual hydraulic connection between reservoir and basement, most likely associated with basement faults cutting into the reservoir. The observed clustering of microseismicity can thus be explained by the lateral heterogeneity of permeability and crustal strength and is overall consistent with a pressure‐induced triggering mechanism. Hence, proper long‐term risk mitigation for large‐scale fluid injection close to the basement requires prior mapping of small subseismic basement‐connected faults.
Assessing future vent opening locations at the Somma‐Vesuvio volcanic complex: 2. Probability maps of the caldera for a future Plinian/sub‐Plinian event with uncertainty quantification
Authors: Tadini A. , Bevilacqua A. , Neri A. , Cioni R. , Aspinall W. P. , Bisson M. , Isaia R. , Mazzarini F. , Valentine G. A. , Vitale S. , Baxter P. J. , Bertagnini A. , Cerminara M. , de Michieli Vitturi M. , Di Roberto A. , Engwell S. , Esposti Ongaro T. , Flandoli F. , Pistolesi M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, we combine reconstructions of volcanological data sets and inputs from a structured expert judgment to produce a first long‐term probability map for vent opening location for the next Plinian or sub‐Plinian eruption of Somma‐Vesuvio. In the past, the volcano has exhibited significant spatial variability in vent location; this can exert a significant control on where hazards materialize (particularly of pyroclastic density currents). The new vent opening probability mapping has been performed through (i) development of spatial probability density maps with Gaussian kernel functions for different data sets and (ii) weighted linear combination of these spatial density maps. The epistemic uncertainties affecting these data sets were quantified explicitly with expert judgments and implemented following a doubly stochastic approach. Various elicitation pooling metrics and subgroupings of experts and target questions were tested to evaluate the robustness of outcomes. Our findings indicate that (a) Somma‐Vesuvio vent opening probabilities are distributed inside the whole caldera, with a peak corresponding to the area of the present crater, but with more than 50% probability that the next vent could open elsewhere within the caldera; (b) there is a mean probability of about 30% that the next vent will open west of the present edifice; (c) there is a mean probability of about 9.5% that the next medium‐large eruption will enlarge the present Somma‐Vesuvio caldera, and (d) there is a nonnegligible probability (mean value of 6–10%) that the next Plinian or sub‐Plinian eruption will have its initial vent opening outside the present Somma‐Vesuvio caldera.
The identification of solar wind waves at discrete frequencies and the role of the spectral analysis techniques
Authors: Di Matteo S. , Villante U. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe occurrence of waves at discrete frequencies in the solar wind (SW) parameters has been reported in the scientific literature with some controversial results, mostly concerning the existence (and stability) of favored sets of frequencies. On the other hand, the experimental results might be influenced by the analytical methods adopted for the spectral analysis. We focused attention on the fluctuations of the SW dynamic pressure (PSW) occurring in the leading edges of streams following interplanetary shocks and compared the results of the Welch method (WM) with those of the multitaper method (MTM). The results of a simulation analysis demonstrate that the identification of the wave occurrence and the frequency estimate might be strongly influenced by the signal characteristics and analytical methods, especially in the presence of multicomponent signals. In SW streams, PSW oscillations are routinely detected in the entire range f ≈ 1.2–5.0 mHz; nevertheless, the WM/MTM agreement in the identification and frequency estimate occurs in ≈50% of events and different sets of favored frequencies would be proposed for the same set of events by the WM and MTM analysis. The histogram of the frequency distribution of the events identified by both methods suggests more relevant percentages between f ≈ 1.7–1.9, f ≈ 2.7–3.4, and f ≈ 3.9–4.4 (with a most relevant peak at f ≈ 4.2 mHz). Extremely severe thresholds select a small number (14) of remarkable events, with a one‐to‐one correspondence between WM and MTM: interestingly, these events reveal a tendency for a favored occurrence in bins centered at f ≈ 2.9 and at f ≈ 4.2 mHz.
Snowball Earth: Asynchronous coupling of sea‐glacier flow with a global climate model
Authors: Pollard D. , Kasting J. F. , Zugger M. E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDuring Snowball Earth episodes of the Neoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic, limited amounts of tropical open ocean (Jormungand), or tropical ocean with thin ice cover, would help to explain (1) vigorous glacial activity in low latitudes, (2) survival of photosynthetic life, and (3) deglacial recovery without excessive buildup of atmospheric CO2. Some previous models have suggested that tropical open ocean or thin‐ice cover is possible; however, its viability in the presence of kilometer‐thick sea glaciers flowing from higher latitudes has not been demonstrated conclusively. Here we describe a new method of asynchronously coupling a zonal sea‐glacier model with a 3‐D global climate model and apply it to Snowball Earth. Equilibrium curves of ice line versus CO2 are mapped out, as well as their dependence on ocean heat transport efficiency, sea‐glacier flow, and other model parameters. No climate states with limited tropical open ocean or thin ice are found in any of our model runs, including those with sea glaciers. If this result is correct, then other refugia such as cryoconite pans would have been required for life to survive. However, the reasons for the differences between our results and others should first be resolved. It is suggested that small‐scale convective dynamics, affecting fractional snow cover in low latitudes, may be a critical factor accounting for these differences.
Elevated glutamate and lactate predict brain death after severe head trauma
Authors: Stefani Marco A. , Modkovski Rafael , Hansel Gisele , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Kopczynski Afonso , Muller Alexandre P. , Strogulski Nathan R. , Rodolphi Marcelo S. , Carteri Randhall K. , Schmidt André P. , Oses Jean P. , Smith Douglas H. , Portela Luis V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveClinical neurological assessment is challenging for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the acute setting. Waves of neurochemical abnormalities that follow TBI may serve as fluid biomarkers of neurological status. We assessed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of glutamate, lactate, BDNF, and GDNF, to identify potential prognostic biomarkers of neurological outcome.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out in a total of 20 consecutive patients (mean [SD] age, 29 [13] years; M/F, 9:1) with severe TBI Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8 and abnormal computed tomography scan on admission. Patients were submitted to ventricular drainage and had CSF collected between 2 and 4 h after hospital admission. Patients were then stratified according to two clinical outcomes: deterioration to brain death (nonsurvival, n = 6) or survival (survival, n = 14), within 3 days after hospital admission. CSF levels of brain‐derived substances were compared between nonsurvival and survival groups. Clinical and neurological parameters were also assessed.ResultsGlutamate and lactate are significantly increased in nonsurvival relative to survival patients. We tested the accuracy of both biomarkers to discriminate patient outcome. Setting a cutoff of >57.75, glutamate provides 80.0% of sensitivity and 84.62% of specificity (AUC: 0.8214, 95% CL: 54.55–98.08%; and a cutoff of >4.65, lactate has 100% of sensitivity and 85.71% of specificity (AUC: 0.8810, 95% CL: 54.55–98.08%). BDNF and GDNF did not discriminate poor outcome.InterpretationThis early study suggests that glutamate and lactate concentrations at hospital admission accurately predict death within 3 days after severe TBI.
cis‐1,4‐Selective Copolymerization of Ethylene and Butadiene: A Compromise between Two Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Chunji , Liu Bo , Lin Fei , Wang Meiyan , Cui Dongmei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroducing ethylene units into polybutadiene backbones is an approach to synthesize advanced rubber materials, which has been a research challenge because of distinct polymerization mechanisms of the two monomers. To date, only trans‐1,4‐ and 1,2‐regulated copolymers have been obtained. Herein, we reported the unprecedented cis‐1,4 selective copolymerization of ethylene and butadiene by using the thiophene‐fused cyclopentadienyl‐ligated scandium complexes. The effects of the sterics and electronics of the catalytic precursors as well as the monomer loading mode on the activity and selectivity as well as the sequence lengths were investigated, and the mechanism was elucidated. Thus a novel ethylene‐based rubber material possessing a high molecular weight, 80 % cis‐1,4 regularity and a Tg=−94 °C without an obvious melting point owing to short polyethylene sequences even at its content up to 45 mol %, was isolated. This new rubber material exhibited excellent anti‐flowing performance and strong tensile strength.
Iron Oxide Photoelectrode with Multidimensional Architecture for Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Kang Jin Soo , Noh Yoonsook , Kim Jin , Choi Hyelim , Jeon Tae Hwa , Ahn Docheon , Kim Jae‐Yup , Yu Seung‐Ho , Park Hyeji , Yum Jun‐Ho , Choi Wonyong , Dunand David C. , Choe Heeman , Sung Yung‐Eun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNanostructured metal oxide semiconductors have shown outstanding performances in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, but limitations in light harvesting and charge collection have necessitated further advances in photoelectrode design. Herein, we propose anodized Fe foams (AFFs) with multidimensional nano/micro‐architectures as a highly efficient photoelectrode for PEC water splitting. Fe foams fabricated by freeze‐casting and sintering were electrochemically anodized and directly used as photoanodes. We verified the superiority of our design concept by achieving an unprecedented photocurrent density in PEC water splitting over 5 mA cm−2 before the dark current onset, which originated from the large surface area and low electrical resistance of the AFFs. A photocurrent of over 6.8 mA cm−2 and an accordingly high incident photon‐to‐current efficiency of over 50 % at 400 nm were achieved with incorporation of Co oxygen evolution catalysts. In addition, research opportunities for further advances by structual and compositional modifications are discussed, which can resolve the low fill factoring behavior and improve the overall performance.
Effects of the inner‐secondary‐air damper opening on flow and combustion in a 600‐MWe down‐fired boiler incorporating multiple‐injection and multiple‐staging
Authors: Song Minhang , Zeng Lingyan , Liu Yibo , Chen Zhichao , Li Zhengqi , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEffects of adjusting the inner‐secondary‐air damper opening among 100%, 70%, and 50% on the flow, combustion, and NOx emissions of a 600‐MWe down‐fired boiler incorporating multiple‐injection and multiple‐staging technology were investigated. Both 1 : 20‐scale aerodynamic tests and industrial experiments were conducted. The small‐scale tests showed that symmetric flow patterns formed in all cases, and the velocities of boundary and outer secondary air decayed more quickly than the velocity of inner secondary air. As the inner‐secondary‐air damper opening decreased from 100% to 50%, the average dimensionless depth of downward airflow reduced from 0.830 to 0.788 while the horizontal velocity in the recirculation zone increased. Industrial experiments demonstrated that, as the inner‐secondary‐air damper opening decreased from 100% to 50%, the heating rate of fuel‐rich coal/air flow increased from 572 to 687°C/m, the corresponding ignition distance shortened from 1.36 to 1.11 m, and the hopper near‐wall temperature decreased by approximately 50°C. Carbon in fly ash decreased from 7.31% to 6.93%, and NOx emissions rose from 343 to 371 ppm at 6% O2. The boiler efficiency improved from 89.78% to 89.92%. An inner‐secondary‐air damper opening of 70% is more reasonable than 50% and 100% considering the ignition distance, carbon in fly ash, and NOx emissions. Copyright © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of short‐duration ethylene polymerization with MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst: Two‐stage initiation evidenced by changes in active center concentration
Authors: Khan Akbar , Guo Yintian , Fu Zhisheng , Fan Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of ethylene polymerization with a TiCl4/MgCl2‐type Ziegler–Natta catalyst was studied. Changes in polymerization activity and concentration of active centers ([C*]) in the first 5 min were determined. Initiation of the active centers was found to proceed in two stages. In the first stage, [C*]/[Ti] quickly rose to about 1% in less than 30 s and then remained stable in the subsequent 60 s. Then the [C*]/[Ti] value started to increase again, forming the second buildup stage. The polymerization activity was found to change roughly in parallel with the change in [C*]/[Ti]. Changes in the polymer/catalyst particle morphology and polymer molecular weight distribution with polymerization time were studied. A mechanistic model was proposed to explain the two‐stage kinetics: initiation of active sites on the outer surface of catalyst particles takes place in the first stage, and initiation of active sites buried inside the particles takes place in the second stage. These buried sites are released when the catalyst particles are fragmented by the expanding polymer phase. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45187.
Argon low‐temperature plasma modification of chopped aramid fiber and its effect on paper performance of aramid sheets
Authors: Lu Zhaoqing , Hu Wenjing , Xie Fan , Hao Yang , Liu Guodong 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTChopped aramid fiber was modified by an argon low‐temperature plasma treatment to enhance the interfacial strength of aramid paper. The water contact angle of the aramid fiber and the tensile strength, tearing strength, and evenness of the aramid sheets were investigated under different conditions, and the parameters of the argon low‐temperature plasma modification, like gas pressure, discharge power, and discharge time, were optimized. The chemical structure and surface morphology of the fiber after plasma modification were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The strengthening mechanism of aramid paper by low‐temperature plasma modification was also studied. It was found that the argon low‐temperature plasma treatment introduced some new polar groups onto the fiber surface and increased the fiber surface wettability and roughness. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45215.
Data‐Driven Adaptive Critic Approach for Nonlinear Optimal Control via Least Squares Support Vector Machine
Authors: Sun Jingliang , Liu Chunsheng , Liu Nian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper develops an online adaptive critic algorithm based on policy iteration for partially unknown nonlinear optimal control with infinite horizon cost function. In the proposed method, only a critic network is established, which eliminates the action network, to simplify its architecture. The online least squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) is utilized to approximate the gradient of the associated cost function in the critic network by updating the input‐output data. Additionally, a data buffer memory is added to alleviate computational load. Finally, the feasibility of the online learning algorithm is demonstrated in simulation on two example systems.
A comparative study between bulk and bin microphysical schemes of a simulated squall line in East China
Authors: Yin Lei , Ping Fan , Mao Jiahua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA squall line occurred in East China during 12 July 2014 was simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using spectral bin and two‐moment bulk microphysical parameterization scheme, respectively. Comparative study showed that significant differences existed in the dynamic, thermodynamic and microphysical structures of squall line between bulk and bin simulation results. The bulk scheme produced a well‐organized but shorter radar structure while bin scheme simulated scattered but stronger radar echo which was more consistent with observation. Bulk scheme had a better performance in predicting the strong rainfall areas and amount. The strong rear‐to‐front (RTF) inflow and convective updrafts were identified in bulk scheme by comparison with weak RTF and updrafts in bin scheme. In addition, bulk simulated a deeper cold pool than bin. Much higher cloud droplet number concentration was simulated by bulk scheme, while higher raindrop mass and number concentration was generated by bin scheme. Detailed analysis and sensitivity tests are needed in future to further investigate the possible mechanisms that responsible for the distinctive results.