bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiment-based validation and uncertainty quantification of coupled multi-scale plasticity models
Authors: Stevens Garrison , Atamturktur Sez , Lebensohn Ricardo , Kaschner George 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– Highly anisotropic zirconium is a material used in the cladding of nuclear fuel rods, ensuring containment of the radioactive material within. The complex material structure of anisotropic zirconium requires model developers to replicate not only the macro-scale stresses but also the meso-scale material behavior as the crystal structure evolves; leading to strongly coupled multi-scale plasticity models. Such strongly coupled models can be achieved through partitioned analysis techniques, which couple independently developed constituent models through an iterative exchange of inputs and outputs. Throughout this iterative process, biases, and uncertainties inherent within constituent model predictions are inevitably transferred between constituents either compensating for each other or accumulating during iterations. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– A finite element model at the macro-scale is coupled in an iterative manner with a meso-scale viscoplastic self-consistent model, where the former supplies the stress input and latter represents the changing material properties. The authors present a systematic framework for experiment-based validation taking advantage of both separate-effect experiments conducted within each constituent’s domain to calibrate the constituents in their respective scales and integral-effect experiments executed within the coupled domain to test the validity of the coupled system.Findings– This framework developed is shown to improve predictive capability of a multi-scale plasticity model of highly anisotropic zirconium.Originality/value– For multi-scale models to be implemented to support high-consequence decisions, such as the containment of radioactive material, this transfer of biases and uncertainties must be evaluated to ensure accuracy of the predictions of the coupled model. This framework takes advantage of the transparency of partitioned analysis to reduce the accumulation of errors and uncertainties.
Reverse resource exchanges in service supply chains: the case of returnable transport packaging
Authors: Selviaridis Kostas , Matopoulos Aristides , Thomas Szamosi Leslie , Psychogios Alexandros 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand how reverse resource exchanges and resource dependencies are managed in the service supply chain (SSC) of returnable transport packaging (RTP).Design/methodology/approachA single case study was conducted in the context of automotive logistics focusing on the RTP SSC. Data were collected through 16 interviews, primarily with managers of a logistics service provider (LSP) and document analysis of contractual agreements with key customers of the packaging service.FindingsResource dependencies among actors in the SSC result from the importance of the RTP for the customer’s production processes, the competition among users for RTP and the negative implications of the temporary unavailability of RTP for customers and the LSP (in terms of service performance). Amongst other things, the LSP is dependent on its customers and third-party users (e.g. the customer’s suppliers) for the timely return of package resources. The role of inter-firm integration and collaboration, formal contracts as well as customers’ power and influence over third-party RTP users are stressed as key mechanisms for managing LSP’s resource dependencies.Research limitations/implicationsA resource dependence theory (RDT) lens is used to analyse how reverse resource exchanges and associated resource dependencies in SSCs are managed, thus complementing the existing SSC literature emphasising the bi-directionality of resource flows. The study also extends the recent SSC literature stressing the role of contracting by empirically demonstrating how formal contracts can be mobilised to explicate resource dependencies and to specify, and regulate, reverse exchanges in the SSC.Practical implicationsThe research suggests that logistics providers can effectively manage their resource dependencies and regulate reverse exchanges in the SSC by deploying contractual governance mechanisms and leveraging their customers’ influence over third-party RTP users.Originality/valueThe study is novel in its application of RDT, which enhances our understanding of the management of reverse exchanges and resource dependencies in SSCs.
Factors that influence interorganizational use of information and communications technology in relationship-based supply chains: evidence from the Macedonian and American wine industries
Authors: Mirkovski Kristijan , Lowry Paul Benjamin , Feng Bo 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to better understand how interorganizational relationships influence information and communications technology (ICT)-enabled supply chain (SC) interactions of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developed versus developing economies through the theoretical lens of transaction cost economics and social exchange theory.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses case study data to examine SMEs operating in both a developing economy, the Republic of Macedonia, and a developed economy, the USA.FindingsInsights reveal that the institutional context (i.e. environmental uncertainty) has significant indirect influence on ICT use by SMEs from rule-based and relationship-based SCs in the wine industry through contractual and relational mechanisms (i.e. contracts and social bonds).Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the body of SC knowledge by providing a comparative qualitative analysis of interorganizational factors (i.e. information sharing, collaboration, trust, contractual governance, relational governance and environmental uncertainty) that influence ICT use by SMEs in upstream wine SCs from developing and developed economies.Practical implicationsThis paper provides valuable implications for the SC participants (e.g. grape suppliers, wineries and other suppliers) and industries (e.g. Macedonian and American wine industries) related to ICT use and non-use.Originality/valueThis study makes a novel contribution by being the first to qualitatively explore ICT use by SMEs from the wine industry and to identify the importance of legal institutional environment in buyer–supplier exchanges from developed versus developing economies.
Transient therapeutic communities: the “living-learning experience” trainings
Authors: Lees Jan , Haigh Rex , Lombardo Aldo , Rawlings Barbara 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to describe transient therapeutic communities (TCs) and their value for training.Design/methodology/approach– This is a descriptive account which includes the findings of two field study evaluations, and direct participant feedback. It is an exploration of the application of TC and group analytic theory to transient TCs.Findings– The transient TC format is an excellent training format for creating a powerful and effective environment for learning and personal development in the very short time frame of three days.Practical implications– These courses are a very efficient and effective way of promoting reflective practice, enabling environments, and emotionally safe working practices. The trainings are useful for a wide range of people from mental health professions, those working in human resources, and those in senior positions in industrial, commercial and public sector fields.Social implications– This paper will raise awareness that target-driven training is insufficient to improve quality of services beyond a certain point. A relational focus of training is needed to deal with issues of complexity which cannot be resolved by simple managerial methods. This experiential training can help to meet the need for inculcating compassion, kindness, and empathy in its participants.Originality/value– Although other psychotherapy and group relations courses exist, and are used beyond the mental health field, the focus on generating an experience of belonging, emotional safety and democratic empowerment in the relational field of the course itself – by use of TC methodology – is novel, and could be of considerable value more widely.
WaterHealth International in India: crafting sustainable solutions for potable water
Authors: Dzharova Hristina Kostadinova , Gupta Sudheer , Ganesh Jai 
Published: May 2016

Synopsis
The case features WaterHealth International India (WHIN) – a subsidiary of WaterHealth International (WHI) Inc. WHIN was launched in 2006 with the vision to “be the leader in providing scalable, safe, and affordable water solutions to underserved populations through an innovative business model.” The company incorporated a Build-Operate-Transfer model with decentralized production and distribution. Following a successful pilot project, WHIN installed its WaterHealth Centers in 175 sites throughout rural India by 2009, and attracted a $15 million investment from the International Finance Corporation to further expand its operations in India. Mr Vikas Shah, the Chief Operating Officer of the company, is faced with the issue of assessing scalability and sustainability of the company's business model. He needs to examine and evaluate the company's value proposition, resources and capabilities, and decide how to generate economic value while maintaining a focus on its social vision. The latter entails an ability to create shared value for stakeholders as an important contributor toward the company's sustainability. Additionally, Mr Shah is evaluating alternative public-private partnerships in terms of their suitability for the Indian context and viability to drive profitability.

Research methodology
The case uses primary and secondary data, i.e. interviews with company representatives, company reports, presentations, and consulting papers.

Relevant courses and levels
The case is written for graduate (and advanced undergraduate) students that enroll in classes with a focus on emerging markets, sustainability, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Examples are courses in Entrepreneurship and Innovation (especially those that include one or more sessions on the social dimensions) as well as those in Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development.
Spatiotemporal modelling of crown‐of‐thorns starfish outbreaks on the Great Barrier Reef to inform control strategies
Authors: Vanhatalo Jarno , Hosack Geoffrey R. , Sweatman Hugh 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Cyclical outbreaks of pests can impact the functioning of entire ecosystems. An eminent example is outbreaks of crown‐of‐thorns starfish (COTS; Acanthaster planci) that cause substantial coral mortality on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR).

We analyse COTS abundance and outbreaks with a Bayesian spatiotemporal model applied to a long‐term survey of the GBR (1985–2014). We assess the relative increase in COTS abundance beyond that explained by a reef's location and explanatory covariates, and thereby incorporate local reef characteristics into the identification of outbreaks, while allowing for both randomness and predictable patterns in the development of outbreaks.

The model results confirm that waves of COTS outbreaks originate near Lizard Island (14·67⁰S) and progress in a northwesterly or southeasterly direction, with the southward wave progressing about 60 km year−1.

The model reveals several previously unidentified hotspots with high average COTS abundance. The abundance of COTS may also have decreased on reefs protected from fishing after an expansion of protected areas within the GBR Marine Park in 2004, which suggests that closing reefs to fishing may help control COTS.

Synthesis and applications. In this study, we use 30 years of data from the Great Barrier Reef to show that the timing and geographic location of crown‐of‐thorns starfish (COTS) outbreaks can be modelled by incorporating covariates, spatial and spatiotemporal dependence within a single coherent framework. The model can be used to identify areas of high average COTS abundance, to assess the impact of fishery management actions such as no‐take areas and to identify areas where waves of outbreaks may originate. The identification of outbreaks from noisy long‐term spatially extensive data may help managers choose appropriate control strategies. This modelling approach is applicable to other ecosystems where outbreaks of damaging pests occur.
England, Englishness and Brexit
Authors: Henderson Ailsa , Jeffery Charlie , Liñeira Robert , Scully Roger , Wincott Daniel , Wyn Jones Richard 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the 1975 referendum England provided the strongest support for European integration, with a much smaller margin for membership in Scotland and Northern Ireland. By 2015 the rank order of ‘national’ attitudes to European integration had reversed. Now, England is the UK's most eurosceptic nation and may vote ‘Leave’, while Scotland seems set to generate a clear margin for ‘Remain’. The UK as a whole is a Brexit marginal. To understand the campaign, we need to make sense of the dynamics of public attitudes in each nation. We take an ‘archaeological’ approach to a limited evidence‐base, to trace the development of attitudes to Europe in England since 1975. We find evidence of a link between English nationalism and euroscepticism. Whatever the result in 2016, contrasting outcomes in England and Scotland will exacerbate tensions in the UK's territorial constitution and could lead to the break‐up of Britain.
The Vocal Euro‐outsider: The UK in a Two‐speed Europe
Authors: Adler‐Nissen Rebecca 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe EU is divided between member states that have adopted the euro and those that have not. This article looks at the issue of differentiated integration with particular reference to eurozone integration and the euro‐outsiders. I explore the recent public debate in the UK on euro‐outsiderness, comparing this with debates in Denmark. The article highlights some striking differences between the UK and Denmark when it comes to the actual management of euro‐outsiderness in Brussels as well as some of the dilemmas facing euro‐outsiders such as the UK, Denmark, Sweden and Poland as the EU struggles to exit its crises. Finally, I discuss the future of two‐speed European integration and the UK's possible exit from the EU. The UK cannot escape the dilemma of favouring either influence or autonomy; whether the UK remains in or leaves the EU, it will need to allow the eurozone to proceed in order to prevent further eurozone crises.
Open Nomenclature in the biodiversity era
Authors: Sigovini Marco , Keppel Erica , Tagliapietra Davide 
Published: May 2016

Summary

The uncertainty or the provisional status of a taxonomic identification can be expressed by a set of terms and abbreviations known as Open Nomenclature (ON) qualifiers. This approach is widely applied across biological disciplines, and a high amount of biodiversity data left in ON can be found in literature and data bases. However, there is no consensus about ON qualifiers and their meaning.

The use of ON qualifiers has been reviewed in order to provide a summary and guide to current practice in zoology. Some recommendation is given to avoid inconsistencies or vagueness. A flow chart is proposed to clarify the sources of uncertainties during identification and to facilitate the application of ON qualifiers.

This review provides a guide for taxonomists and ecologists currently involved in biomonitoring and biodiversity programmes, as well as for researchers dealing with biodiversity data infrastructures and tools, offering a starting point for a methodological harmonization.
Farmers’ risk preferences and pesticide use decisions: evidence from field experiments in China
Authors: Gong Yazhen , Baylis Kathy , Kozak Robert , Bull Gary 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChina faces health and environmental problems associated with the use of agricultural chemicals, including pesticides. While previous studies have found that risk aversion affects pesticide use in China, they have focused primarily on commercial cotton farmers. In this study, we consider the case of smaller, semisubsistence and subsistence farmers in a poor and landlocked province of China (Yunnan). We use a field experiment to measure risk aversion and collect detailed data on farm production and input use to specifically ask whether risk aversion affects pesticide use, and whether this effect differs for subsistence farmers producing exclusively for home consumption versus semisubsistence farmers who produce both for home and the market. We find that risk aversion significantly increases pesticide use, particularly for subsistence farmers and for market plots by semisubsistence farmers. Further, this effect of risk aversion significantly decreases with farm size for subsistence farmers, but not for semisubsistence farmers, implying that pesticide use may be used to ensure sufficient food supply for home consumption. Finally, we find barriers to the use of pesticides for subsistence farmers, both in terms of financial constraints and economies of scale. This finding implies that risk‐mitigation strategies, such as crop insurance, may not target food security concerns of subsistence farmers. Given these different motivations for pesticide use, policymakers may wish to consider effective tools to support rural food security for farmers in the poorer regions of China in order to decrease pesticide use.
Improving Adherence to Post‐Cervical Biopsy Sexual Abstinence in Kenyan Female Sex Workers
Authors: Lajoie Julie , Boily‐Larouche Genevieve , Doering Kelsie , Cheruiyot Juliana , Oyugi Julius , Broliden Kristina , Kimani Joshua , Fowke Keith R. 
Published: May 2016

ProblemCervical biopsies offer a unique opportunity for studying local immune response. To investigate hormonally induced immune fluctuations in cervical tissues of Kenyan female sex workers, we improved biopsy sampling protocol safety. Here, we report on steps taken to minimize exposure to HIV following two cervical biopsies.Methods of studyWomen were asked to abstain from vaginal intercourse to limit HIV exposure during wound healing with financial compensation. A comprehension tool for informed consent, on‐site detection of prostate‐specific antigens indicating unprotected intercourse within 48 hr, and bi‐weekly text message reminders were implemented.ResultsThe implemented methods improved compliance with post‐procedure abstinence by two times (P = 0.013). Fourteen days following a cervical biopsy, no sign of genital inflammation or change in HIV T‐cell target proportion were observed.ConclusionsThis study provides new tools for limiting HIV exposure in studies requiring biopsy sampling among women at risk of acquiring HIV.
Clustering Multivariate Functional Data with Phase Variation
Authors: Park Juhyun , Ahn Jeongyoun 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARY
When functional data come as multiple curves per subject, characterizing the source of variations is not a trivial problem. The complexity of the problem goes deeper when there is phase variation in addition to amplitude variation. We consider clustering problem with multivariate functional data that have phase variations among the functional variables. We propose a conditional subject-specific warping framework in order to extract relevant features for clustering. Using multivariate growth curves of various parts of the body as a motivating example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The found clusters have individuals who show different relative growth patterns among different parts of the body.
Preschoolers' Preference for Syntactic Complexity Varies by Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Corriveau Kathleen H. , Kurkul Katelyn , Arunachalam Sudha 
Published: May 2016

Two experiments investigated whether 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children choose to learn from informants who use more complex syntax (passive voice) over informants using more simple syntax (active voice). In Experiment 1 (N = 30), children viewed one informant who consistently used the passive voice and another who used active voice. When learning novel words from the two informants, children were more likely to endorse information from the passive informant. Experiment 2 (N = 32) explored whether preference for the passive informant varied by socioeconomic status (SES; eligibility for free/reduced lunch). Although higher SES children selectively preferred the passive informant, lower SES children preferred the active informant. Explanations are discussed for why SES might moderate children's sensitivity to syntactic complexity when choosing from whom to learn.
Face Detection and the Development of Own‐Species Bias in Infant Macaques
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth A. , Jakobsen Krisztina V. , Damon Fabrice , Suomi Stephen J. , Ferrari Pier F. , Paukner Annika 
Published: May 2016

In visually complex environments, numerous items compete for attention. Infants may exhibit attentional efficiency—privileged detection, attention capture, and holding—for face‐like stimuli. However, it remains unknown when these biases develop and what role, if any, experience plays in this emerging skill. Here, nursery‐reared infant macaques' (Macaca mulatta; n = 10) attention to faces in 10‐item arrays of nonfaces was measured using eye tracking. With limited face experience, 3‐week‐old monkeys were more likely to detect faces and looked longer at faces compared to nonfaces, suggesting a robust face detection system. By 3 months, after peer exposure, infants looked faster to conspecific faces but not heterospecific faces, suggesting an own‐species bias in face attention capture, consistent with perceptual attunement.
Isolation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in asymptomatic lung transplant recipients: effects of treatment on eradication and outcome
Authors: Hofmann Patrick , Hombach Michael , Seifert Burkhardt , Schuurmans Macé M. , Bürgi Urs , Isenring Bruno , Mueller Nicolas J. , Kohler Malcolm , Benden Christian , Huber Lars C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this retrospective, single‐center data analysis, we audited our clinical practice to treat Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in asymptomatic lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Eighteen LTRs with confirmed isolation of S. maltophilia were identified. Twelve of these LTRs have been treated with antibiotics, while 6 were managed without treatment. Treatment was based on antibiograms (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [TMP/SMX] (8/12), levofloxacin (1/12), or both (3/12). Clearance (12/12 vs 6/6), eradication (10/12 vs 3/6, P=.27), and freedom from S. maltophilia recurrence (83%±11% vs 40%±22% after one year, log‐rank P=.09) were not found to differ significantly between treated and untreated patients. None of the patient groups showed significant changes in lung function or biochemical variables. Creatinine levels at the end of the study period were found to be higher in treated patients compared to the untreated group (P=.049). De novo acquired TMP/SMX resistance in S. maltophilia strains was not observed. These results indicate no evidence that antibiotic treatment for S. maltophilia in asymptomatic LTRs alters lung function or the clinical outcome.