bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P5-10-04: Care guidelines for young women diagnosed with breast cancer
Authors: DeCoteau MJ 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background: Rethink Breast Cancer has been offering educational resources and front-line psychosocial and practical support to younger women with breast cancer for over ten years. We have heard first-hand the unique issues that these women face. Some of these challenges include diagnosis during pregnancy, effects of chemotherapy on fertility, risk of menopausal symptoms or osteoporosis, feelings of isolation, questions about sexuality, childcare, relationships, dating, employment and money.
Purpose: Health Canada and the Canadian Medical Association have established comprehensive Clinical practice guidelines for the care and treatment of breast cancer and our Provincial Cancer Agencies, the Canadian Association of Nurses in Oncology (CANO) and the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology (CAPO) all have developed excellent Standards of Care. However, our report, Breast Cancer in Young Women in Canada – A Needs Assessment, finds that younger women's needs continue to fall through the cracks. The report also shows that despite a growing array of peer support based interventions and community resources for young women with breast cancer, their needs are often not being met by current healthcare systems.
In response to the feedback from young women experiencing breast cancer in Canada provided in our report, Rethink Breast Cancer has developed a set of recommended Care Guidelines for Young Women with Breast Cancer to ensure their special needs are addressed (in a timely matter). They serve as a compliment to the guidelines mentioned above.
Methods: The care guidelines have been developed in consultation with Rethink's Young Women's Network, a group comprised of young women across the Canada that have personal experience with breast cancer and are interested in Rethink's unique role within the breast cancer community. The network provides important input and feedback on our resources and campaigns for young women dealing with breast cancer. The care guidelines were also developed through consultation with our professional advisors in oncology, nursing and psychosocial support. They are based on original work by UK specialist breast cancer support charity Breast Cancer Care.
Results & Conclusions: These guidelines provide information about key issues individuals may want to discuss with their healthcare providers involved in their breast cancer treatment and care. They are recommendations on the kind of information and support to which individuals should be given access to as a younger woman with breast cancer. They will also serve to guide the care these individuals receive from healthcare professionals.
Citation Format: DeCoteau MJ. Care guidelines for young women diagnosed with breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-10-04.
Abstract P5-14-05: Phase 1 evaluation of the androgen receptor modulator CR1447 in patients with advanced breast cancer (SAKK 21/12)
Authors: Schoenfeld W , Zweifel M , Thuerlimann B , Riniker S , Weder P , von Moos R , Pagani O , Bigler M , Rothgiesser KM , Pilop C , Brauchli P , Tapia C , Sessa C 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background: CR1447 (4-OH-testosterone, 4-OHT), a steroidal small molecule, strongly binds to the androgen receptor (AR) and has aromatase inhibiting activity. Pre-clinical studies show that CR1447 given as an ointment is efficiently absorbed and has antiproliferative activity in both ER-positive and ER-negative/AR-positive breast cancer cells. Methods: CR1447 was administered topically on a daily basis to patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative or ER-negative/PR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer pretreated with several lines of therapy. One cycle was defined as 21 days of treatment. Disease evaluation was performed at 3 and 6 months in order to determine tumor response (i.e. complete/partial remission and stable disease) in 3 cohorts of 3 evaluable patients each plus 3 confirmatory patients (dose escalation 100, 200, 400 mg). Results: 14 patients have been treated for a total of 38 cycles. Two patients are still on treatment at the time of analysis. Two patients, one in cohort 1 and one in cohort 2, showed early tumor progression and were replaced. Related adverse events were all ≤ grade 2 and included fatigue, bone and joint pain, stiffness, dry skin and mouth, nausea, sweating, urinary tract infection, rash, headache and distress. No drug-related dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) were seen. Two patients (17%) achieved stable disease at 3 months. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed dose-dependent transdermal uptake of CR1447, resulting in sufficient plasma concentrations of 4-OHT. 4-OH-androstenedione, a key metabolite of 4-OHT, was undetectable in most of the plasma samples. Conclusions: CR1447 administered transdermally as an ointment is well tolerated and appears to have single-agent activity in heavily pretreated ER-positive/HER2-negative and ER-negative/PR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients. The recommended phase II dose is 400 mg/day.
Citation Format: Schoenfeld W, Zweifel M, Thuerlimann B, Riniker S, Weder P, von Moos R, Pagani O, Bigler M, Rothgiesser KM, Pilop C, Brauchli P, Tapia C, Sessa C. Phase 1 evaluation of the androgen receptor modulator CR1447 in patients with advanced breast cancer (SAKK 21/12). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-05.
Abstract P5-15-05: The expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis is heterogeneous in breast cancer and may predict sensitivity to statin treatment and clinical outcome
Authors: Kimbung S , Feldt M , Bosch A , Borgquist S 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological evidence supports a protective role of cholesterol lowering drugs against breast cancer recurrence. Preclinical studies also support this role since statins can suppress breast cancer progression in various models. The response of breast cancer cells to statin treatment is however heterogeneous. We performed a comprehensive molecular characterisation of the anti-cancer mechanisms of statins in-vitro in view of identifying biomarkers of statin sensitivity in breast cancer.
Methods: Breast cancer cell lines were treated with atorvastatin and the effects on cell proliferation were determined. A panel of cell lines displaying a diverse range of sensitivity to atorvastatin treatment were selected for gene expression microarray profiling following treatment. Differentially expressed genes were identified and subjected to gene ontology analysis and links to outcome following breast cancer diagnosis were explored.
Results: Statin treatment elicited a more potent inhibition of proliferation in estrogen receptor (ER) negative cell lines. This was reflected on the whole genome transcriptional scale as the ER negative cells also displayed a more robust dysregulation of mRNA transcripts relative to the less-sensitive ER expressing cells. Down-regulation of DNA replication, regulation of cell cycle progression, and other proliferation-associated biological processes via mechanisms influencing the transcriptional activity of E2F was observed in the statin-sensitive cells. Importantly, cholesterol biosynthesis via the mevalonate pathway was upregulated in all cell lines following statin treatment. This effect was directly correlated with the pre-treatment expression levels of target genes involved in this biological process, suggesting a link with sensitivity to statin treatment. The expression of cholesterol biosynthesis genes was also found to be variable in primary breast tumors and a significant association was observed between decreased expression and an improved recurrence-free and overall survival, especially in ER positive tumors.
Conclusions: These data suggest that the normal feedback regulation of the mevalonate pathway induced by statins may be compromised in a subset of breast cancer cells and may be exploited to predict breast cancer prognosis and sensitivity to statin treatment.
Citation Format: Kimbung S, Feldt M, Bosch A, Borgquist S. The expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis is heterogeneous in breast cancer and may predict sensitivity to statin treatment and clinical outcome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-15-05.
Abstract P6-03-19: Rs1008805 polymorphism in the CYP19A1 gene is related to the prognosis of stage I–II and operable stage III breast cancer
Authors: Shao X , Zheng Y , Shi L , Huang Y , Wang X 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Purpose Aromatase, encoded by CYP19A1 gene, is a rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of androgens into estrogens. It has been demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1 gene were significantly correlated with altered hormone levels in urine and serum, providing an explication for an elevated risk for progression in relation with increasing estrogen exposure. Consequently, it is biologically plausible that CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms may be related to the prognosis of breast cancer.
Methods CYP19A1 gene rs1008805 polymorphism were genotyped on 406 Chinese Han women with stage I-II and operable stage III breast cancer. Associations were evaluated between CYP19A1 rs1008805 genotypes and disease-free survival (DFS).
Results Totally, there were 200 (49.3%) patients with AA genotype, 169 (41.6%) with AG variant, and 37 (9.1%) carrying GG variant. No significant differences were found in DFS among the whole population with these three genotypes. However, postmenopausal women with GG variant had a poorer DFS when compared with those carrying AG or AA genotype (13.7 months versus 56.3 months; HR, 2.462; 95 % CI, 1.310-4.628; P = 0.004). And what's more, being adjusted by patients features in multivariate analyses, GG genotype remained an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR, 2.706; 95 % CI, 1.393-5.257; P = 0.003). Premenopausal women with GG variant had a marginally improved DFS when compared with those carrying AG or AA genotypes (87.0 months versus 48.7 months; HR, 0.544; 95% CI, 0.295-1.003; P = 0.051). However, this difference was not confirmed by multivariate analyses.
Conclusions The present study indicated that GG genotype of rs1008805 SNP in the first exon of CYP19A1 gene was significantly related to a worse DFS in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. This founding is novel, if confirmed, CYP19A1 rs1008805 genotypes may turn to be a prognostic biomarker for early breast cancer.
Citation Format: Shao X, Zheng Y, Shi L, Huang Y, Wang X. Rs1008805 polymorphism in the CYP19A1 gene is related to the prognosis of stage I–II and operable stage III breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-03-19.
Abstract P6-04-03: Transcriptome profiling reveals enrichment of luminal feature in aged basal cell population in murine mammary gland
Authors: Gu X , Gao H , Wu A , Bandyopadhyay A , Dong Q , Sun L-Z 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Aging is the number one risk factor for breast cancer development. Increasing evidence suggests the potential of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) and their progenitors to generate certain types of breast cancers through neoplastic transformation. Our previous study has shown increased percentage of MaSC-enriched basal cell population (Lin-CD49fhighCD24med) and increased MaSC frequency during aging in murine models. On the other hand, a recent study from another group showed an increased frequency of CD49fhigh cells in the human luminal population (CD227+) during aging, indicating possible aberrant expression of CD49f in the aged luminal cells. However, how these age-related luminal cells with basal markers are generated and how they contribute to potential breast cancer development remains unknown. Here we apply bioinformatics analysis on Next Generation Whole Transcriptome Sequencing data of MaSC-enriched basal cell population (Lin-CD49fhighCD24med) and luminal progenitor-enriched cell population (Lin-CD49flowCD24high) of both young (4 to 6 months) and old (26 to 31 months) mouse mammary gland to test the hypothesis that age-associated increase of basal cell population and MaSCs may be due to the gain of basal cell markers and features by luminal cells. By Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) we found a significant loss of basal cell and basal mammosphere signatures and a significant enrichment of luminal cell and luminal mammosphere signature in the old basal cell population and mammospheres in comparison with the young basal cell population and mammospheres. The core enrichment luminal genes from GSEA are able to cluster the old MaSC-enriched basal cell population as well as mammospheres closer to the cluster of luminal population than to the young basal population. These analyses indicate that aging may be associated with an expansion of aberrant MaSCs with both basal and luminal markers in mice, which may be the precursors of certain types of breast cancer. We are now studying the potential function of the basal-like luminal cells in the aged basal population.
Citation Format: Gu X, Gao H, Wu A, Bandyopadhyay A, Dong Q, Sun L-Z. Transcriptome profiling reveals enrichment of luminal feature in aged basal cell population in murine mammary gland. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-03.
Abstract P6-04-08: Expression profile of long non-coding RNAs characterizes different subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Barton M , Santucci-Pereira J , Russo J 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins, but regulate the transcription of genes involved in different cellular processes, including differentiation, cancer initiation and progression. The relevance of several lncRNAs in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional field is now well established. Their roles have been found to vary from forming complexes needed for gene transcription to having critical roles in the cytoplasm where they regulate protein localization, mRNA translation and stability. Microarray analysis of normal breast of parous and nulliparous postmenopausal women revealed that lncRNAs are up-regulated in the parous breast [Int. J. Cancer: 131, 1059-1070, 2012]. Subsequently, RNA sequencing was performed to a subset of these samples to understand the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of transcription and their potential function in pregnancy's effect in reducing the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. In this work, RNA sequencing of healthy postmenopausal breast tissue biopsies from 8 parous and 8 nulliparous women using Illumina platform was performed. The sequencing results show that there are 42 lncRNAs differentially expressed between parous and nulliparous breast tissue. After analysis of these 42 lncRNAs using bioinformatics and thermodynamic filters, 10 lncRNAs were selected to be tested in vitro. Using RT-qPCR, we have demonstrated that the expression profile of at least 10 lncRNAs is characteristic of each epithelial breast cancer cell subtype (luminal, triple negative and cells that overexpress HER2). Moreover, these lncRNAs are differentially expressed in breast tumors when compared to its adjacent normal tissue. Overexpression and knock out experiments of several of these lncRNAs are underway to prove their relevance in breast differentiation and cancer initiation. The results in cancer/normal immortalized breast cell lines and tumor/adjacent normal breast tissue point to the potential of these lncRNAs as targets, not only for therapeutic approaches against breast cancer, but also as preventive measures for nulliparous women.
(This work was supported by NIH core grant CA06927 to Fox Chase Cancer Center).
Citation Format: Barton M, Santucci-Pereira J, Russo J. Expression profile of long non-coding RNAs characterizes different subtypes of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-08.
Abstract P6-06-03: Novel hereditary breast cancer gene mutations: Should there be greater concern regarding ovarian cancer risk?
Authors: Nassikas N , Wilbur JS , Laprise JK , Legare RD 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: As the use of multi-gene breast cancer panel testing increases the phenotype of the included genes continues to evolve. PALB2 and NBN have a well characterized association with breast cancer and are included on many breast cancer gene panels. Germline PALB2 and NBN mutations have been identified in a small percentage of ovarian carcinoma cases with one study reporting a non-significant twofold increase in carriers of the PALB2 mutations amongst ovarian cancer patients (P= 0.4). Similar to BRCA1 and BRCA2 both genes are members of the Fanconi Anemia pathway therefore a potential increased risk for both breast and ovarian cancer could be anticipated. However at present overall the current literature on the association with ovarian cancer is sparse. Here we present the cases of three hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families found to carry pathogenic mutations within the PALB2 and NBN genes. In all three families the proband was diagnosed with ovarian or fallopian tube cancer and carries a pathogenic PALB2 or NBN mutation. Our PALB2 family carries the well-known French Canadian founder mutation, c.2323C&gt;T, and includes the proband who was diagnosed with a stage II-C, grade 3, fallopian tube carcinoma at age 58, her heterozygote sister with ovary cancer at 68 and her mother with ovary cancer at 43 who was not able to be tested. This PALB2 proband has 5 sisters, 7 brothers and 41 nieces and nephews with only one sister diagnosed with breast cancer at 69 who also is PALB2 positive and a maternal grandmother with breast cancer at 48 who was unable to be tested. The NBN Slavic founder mutation, c.657_661del, was discovered in a 66 year old woman with stage IV, high-grade serous ovarian cancer having a mother with breast cancer at 91 and a maternal aunt with ovary cancer at 59 who have not yet been tested. Lastly, our patient from Laos with a diagnosis of a stage II-C endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the ovary diagnosed at 38 years old was found to carry the deleterious NBN mutation, c.1550dupA. She is not aware of any cancer family history and reports a large family including five brothers, four sisters and multiple aunts and uncles on both side of the family. CONCLUSION: These case studies suggest a link between PALB2 and NBN, two known breast cancer susceptibility genes, and hereditary ovarian cancer risk. These observations suggest that further data are needed to accurately evaluate ovarian cancer risk within novel hereditary breast cancer genes now commonly tested as part of multiplex panel analysis.
Citation Format: Nassikas N, Wilbur JS, Laprise JK, Legare RD. Novel hereditary breast cancer gene mutations: Should there be greater concern regarding ovarian cancer risk?. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-06-03.
Abstract P6-09-14: Awareness of brest cancer risk factors among lay persons and physicians
Authors: Morère J-F , Viguier J , Blay J-Y , Touboul C , Lhomel C , Eisinger F , Pivot X 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
The EDIFICE surveys have been conducted every three years since 2005. The aim of the surveys is to provide a better understanding of the participation of the French population in cancer screening programs. The breast cancer screening program is nowadays widely implemented throughout the female population aged 50-74 years; however, the question of whether it could be adapted according to breast cancer risk factors is currently under debate. This analysis focuses on awareness of the nature of breast cancer risk factors among the lay population and physicians.
Methods
This fourth nationwide observational survey, EDIFICE 4, was conducted by phone interviews using the quota method. A representative sample of 1602 individuals aged between 40 and 75 years old was interviewed between June 12 and July 10, 2014. A mirror survey on a representative sample of 201 general practitioners (adjusted for age and geographical area) and 100 oncologists (adjusted for type of healthcare institution and geographical area) was conducted between July 9 and August 8, 2014. Interviewees were all asked to cite five main risk factors for breast cancer.
Results
For lay persons (737 women with no history of cancer), the breast cancer risk factors reported were: for 54%, heredity and family history; for 29%, unhealthy lifestyle, including smoking, poor diet, stress, alcohol, physical inactivity; for 15%, exposure to exogenous hormone therapy; for 4%, air pollution; for 4%, sunburn on breasts; for 4%, late childbearing or no childbearing, and for 2%, overweight/obesity. Among physicians (70 female general practitioners and 35 female oncologists), the breast cancer risk factors reported were: for 98%, heredity and family history; for 51%, exposure to exogenous hormone therapy; for 39%, late childbearing or no childbearing; for 32%, unhealthy lifestyle, including smoking, poor diet, stress, alcohol, physical inactivity; for 22%, overweight/obesity; for 20%, age; for 22%, no breast feeding, and for 2%, air pollution.
Conclusion
We observed a relatively satisfactory level of understanding regarding the different risk factors for breast cancer despite the lack of indication of any qualitative ranking. Although overweight is a known risk factor for breast cancer, this fact is still not clearly understood among physicians and not widely known by the general public. On the other hand, both physicians and also half of the lay population were well aware of the fact that heredity is a risk factor for breast cancer.
Citation Format: Morère J-F, Viguier J, Blay J-Y, Touboul C, Lhomel C, Eisinger F, Pivot X. Awareness of brest cancer risk factors among lay persons and physicians. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-14.