bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospek Pembiayaan Syariah untuk Sektor Pertanian
Authors: Ashari NFN , Saptana NFN 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />One of the main problems in agricultural development is the weakness of capital support. The government have tried to overcome this problem by launching some credit programs for the agricultural sector. Many credit programs, those use fixed interest base, showed less satisfied result. In any cases even generate new problems such as the the greater farmer’s debt and also nonperformance credit. Based on that phenomena it is required the alternative financing schemes. Sharia scheme, can be choosen as the alternative financing model for supporting agricultural development. Different to the conventional credit, the sharia scheme is free of interest, profit loss sharing equity principle, and profit sharing will be executed in the end of transaction. This paper aim at introducing the sharia financing model and its prospect to be implemented in agricultural sectors. The result of study indicate that sharia scheme is prospective to strengthen the capital of agricultural sector. To support implementation of sharia finance in agricultural sector, the crucial factors are political will of policy maker and also intensive socialization related to sharia principle finance to public authority and society. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Salah satu permasalahan utama dalam pembangunan di sektor pertanian adalah lemahnya permodalan. Pemerintah telah berusaha mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dengan meluncurkan beberapa kredit program untuk sektor pertanian. Kredit program yang memakai sistem bunga menunjukkan hasil yang kurang memuaskan, bahkan menimbulkan permasalahan baru seperti membengkaknya hutang petani serta kredit macet. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu dicari model pembiayaan alternatif, salah satu di antaranya adalah dengan skim syariah. Berbeda dengan model kredit, pembiayaan syariah ini bebas bunga, pembagian keuntungan didasarkan atas bagi hasil yang dilakukan setelah periode transaksi berakhir. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menge-nalkan model pembiayaan syariah serta prospek implementasinya di sektor pertanian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan syariah cukup prospektif untuk memperkuat permodalan di sektor pertanian. Untuk mendu-kung implementasinya di sektor pertanian diperlukan keberpihakan para pembuat kebijakan serta sosialisasi yang intensif mengenai prinsip-prinsip pembiayaan syariah.
Prospek Diversifikasi Usaha Rumah Tangga dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan dan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan
Authors: Saliem Handewi Purwati , Purwantini Tri Bastuti , Marisa Yuni 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />This paper aims to study the households’ activities diversification to support food security and poverty alleviation in Indonesia based on reviews of literatures and research results. The study shows that households’ activities diversification has a strategic prospect to support food security efforts and poverty alleviation. However, to apply the results we have to focus on: (1) At macro level, diversification developing efforts are directed toward policy on development model application focused on job creation and economic activities in rural areas, (2) In the era of regional autonomy, local governments’ roles are very strategic in policy implementation on job creation and economic activities through agro-industry development in rural areas based on local resources, (3) Various levels and factors affecting diversification require policy implementation on job creation and economic activities locally specific, (4) Policy on business development for lower and medium income groups facilitates their access to agricultural resources, while for higher income group the policy is to secure their investments in rural areas. Furthermore, policy on reduction of high-cost economy is urgently required. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menelaah diversifikasi usaha rumah tangga dalam upaya mendukung ketahanan pangan dan penanggulangan kemiskinan di Indonesia melalui review hasil-hasil penelitian dan studi pustaka. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi usaha rumah tangga memiliki prospek strategis dalam mendukung upaya pemantapan ketahanan pangan dan penanggulangan kemiskinan. Namun demikian dalam penerapannya perlu memperhatikan beberapa hal yaitu: (1) Secara makro upaya pengembangan diversifikasi diarahkan pada penerapan kebijakan model pembangunan yang difokuskan pada perluasan kesempatan kerja dan berusaha di pedesaan, (2) Berkaitan dengan otonomi daerah, peran Pemerintah Daerah sangat strategis dalam operasional kebijakan perluasan kesempatan kerja dan peluang berusaha melalui pengembangan agroindustri di pedesaan berbasis potensi wilayah setempat, (3) Adanya variasi tingkat dan faktor yang mempengaruhi diversifikasi usaha rumah tangga menuntut pentingnya penerapan kebijakan pengembangan perluasan kesempatan kerja dan peluang kerja yang bersifat lokal spesifik, (4) Kebijakan pengembangan diversifikasi usaha bagi kelompok rumah tangga dengan pendapatan rendah dan sedang diarahkan pada fasilitasi untuk akses terhadap sumberdaya pertanian, sedangkan bagi kelompok pendapatan tinggi dukungan kebijakan yang mampu mendorong keamanan dan kenyamanan berusaha bagi investor untuk melakukan investasi di pedesaan. Fasilitasi berupa kebijakan-kebijakan yang mampu menekan ekonomi biaya tinggi merupakan langkah yang perlu ditempuh.
Perkembangan Pasar Kopi Dunia dan Implikasinya bagi Indonesia
Authors: Kustiari Reni 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />The fast growing trend of world coffee production in the world creates an excess of its supply, encouraging a more intense of competition among the exporting countries. This situation leads to a decreasing trend of fluctuate price of world coffee. The objective of this paper is to assess the world coffee market behavior in order to make an appropriate strategy and direction of coffee industry policies. Indonesia’s market share in traditional market tends to decrease, and therefore, it is necessary to diversify market destination and commodity composition, in addition to efforts to increase the export of processed coffee.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pesatnya perkembangan produksi kopi dunia telah menyebabkan terjadinya kelebihan pasokan kopi dunia sehingga mengakibatkan persaingan antar negara produsen menjadi semakin ketat dan pada akhirnya harga cenderung tertekan. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji perkembangan pasar kopi dunia agar dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam menyusun strategi dan arah kebijakan komoditas kopi Indonesia. Pangsa pasar kopi Indonesia di pasar-pasar tradisional cenderung menurun, oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya-upaya antara lain mendiversifikasi pasar tujuan dan produk kopi serta meningkatkan ekspor kopi olahan.
Simpul-Simpul Strategis Pengembangan Asuransi Pertanian untuk Usahatani Padi di Indonesia
Authors: Sumaryanto NFN , Nurmanaf Ahmad Rozany 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />In line with climate change, it is predicted that risk and uncertainty of rice farming will be swelling up. To cope with its negative effects, conventional approach using one or combination of strategy of production, marketing, financial, and informal credit might not be appropriate. Development of agricultural insurance specifically rice farming, is highly considered. This article is aimed at a review of some strategic aspects for developing the agricultural insurance, especially related to the basic prerequisites for designing the scheme. To get better understanding, its perspective with empirical condition of rice farming in Indonesia is enriched with lesson learned from other countries that here previously developed the agricultural insurance.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Seiring terjadinya perubahan iklim, diperkirakan risiko dan ketidakpastian dalam usahatani padi meningkat. Untuk mengatasi hal itu pendekatan konvensional melalui penerapan satu atau kombinasi strategi produksi, pemasaran, finansial, ataupun memanfaatkan kredit informal dikhawatirkan tidak memadai. Sistem proteksi melalui pengembangan asuransi pertanian sangat layak dipertimbangkan. Tinjauan ini ditujukan untuk membahas simpul-simpul strategis yang harus dicermati dalam pengembangan asuransi pertanian untuk usahatani padi. Bahasan difokuskan pada pilar-pilar pokok perancangan skim asuransi pertanian. Untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik, perspektifnya dengan kondisi empiris usahatani padi di Indonesia diperkaya dengan pengalaman dari negara-negara lain yang telah mengembangkan asuransi pertanian.
Ekonomi Padi di Asia: Suatu Tinjauan Berbasis Kajian Komparatif
Authors: Suryana Achmad , Kariyasa Ketut 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />Especially for Asian regions, rice is a strategic commodity because it is a staple food for most of the Asian people. In terms of agricultural land resources availability, several countries have become importers whereas the others exporters. The result of economic study in Asia shows that Cambodia and Thailand have a better agricultural land resource availability to provide rice for their people than the other countries in Asia. The rice farming system is able to give a better life to rice farmers in Malaysia, but it is unable yet to Indonesian rice farmers because of their very small landholding size, even though they have applied intensive technology. Indonesian food autonomy (for rice) is better than that of several countries in Asia, such as Nepal, Japan, the Philippine and Malaysia.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Khususnya bagi kawasan Asia, beras merupakan komoditas strategis karena sebagian besar penduduknya menjadikan beras sebagai makanan pokok. Terkait dengan ketersediaan sumberdaya lahan pertanian untuk memproduksi beras, sebagian negara menjadi eksportir beras, sebagian lainnya masih harus impor. Hasil kajian komparatif ekonomi padi di Asia menunjukkan bahwa Kamboja dan Thailand memiliki daya dukung lahan pertanian dalam memproduksi beras untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penduduknya paling baik. Malaysia mampu menjadikan usahatani padi memberikan kehidupan yang layak bagi petaninya, sementara usahatani padi di Indonesia belum mampu memberikan kehidupan yang layak bagi petani, karena rata-rata luas garapan petani padi di Indonesia sangat sempit, sekalipun teknologi produksi padi yang diterapkan petani Indonesia sudah cukup intensif, dibawah China, Korea, Jepang, dan Vietnam. Tingkat kemandirian pangan beras Indonesia relatif lebih baik dibanding negara Nepal, Jepang, Filipina, dan Malaysia, namun masih lemah dibandingkan negara Asia lainnya.
Peran Modal Sosial (Social Capital) dalam Perdagangan Hasil Pertanian
Authors: Syahyuti NFN 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />Agricultural trade system in Indonesia, especially domestic market, is composed by nonformal relations among the actors. In imperfect market condition, social capital is fastly growing and become a backbone of the entire trade system. This paper is a study on social system of agricultural commodity market, its rules and the of the actors behind that system. The sources of information were gathered from a number of research reports on trade systems of several commodities and the actors who have specific roles in such systems.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pasar perdagangan hasil pertanian di Indonesia, terutama berupa perdagangan dalam negeri, sebagian besar dijalankan dalam bentuk relasi-relasi nonformal antar pelakunya. Dalam kondisi pasar yang tidak sempurna (imperfect market), modal sosial tumbuh dengan subur dan menjadi tulang punggung yang menjalankan keseluruhan sistem perdagangan tersebut. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian sistem sosial perdagangan hasil pertanian, sebagai upaya memahami kondisi yang melatarbelakangi sistem perdagangan yang berjalan. Bahan tulisan berasal dari penelitian-penelitian berkenaan dengan perdagangan berbagai komoditas hasil pertanian beserta perilaku pedagang di dalamnya.
Karakteristik Petani dan Pemasaran Gula Aren di Banten
Authors: Rachman Benny 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />The Arenga pinnata palm trees do not only produce sap but also multipurpose products, such as edible fruits, building materials, fibers, and wax. Palm sugar agribusiness development copes with both technical and non technical constraint, e.g. low-skilled farmers, low yield, and less value added. To improve farmer’s capacity there are some steps to take, namely: (a) technical and management training, (b) provision of improved seed and processing unit equipments, (c) institutional and marketing empowerment, and (d) implementing better aren farming system. Furthermore, to increase farmer’s bargaining position it is essential to strengthen farmers’ groups through collective marketing system with farmers’ groups association, as well as farmers’ skill enhancement.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Aren, Arenga pinnata merupakan tanaman serbaguna yang tidak hanya menghasilkan nira tetapi juga buah aren, bahan bangunan, ijuk dan sapu. Pengembangan agribisnis gula aren di Banten masih menghadapi hambatan teknis dan non teknis, seperti rendahnya keterampilan petani, rendahnya hasil produksi dan nilai tambah. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan langkah-langkah operasional yaitu : (a) pelatihan teknis dan manajemen, (b) penyediaan bibit, sarana dan prasarana pengolahan, (c) penguatan kelembagaan dan pemasaran, dan (d) penerapan budidaya aren secara sistematis. Untuk meningkatkan posisi tawar petani dapat ditempuh melalui pemberdayaan kelompok tani aren dengan mewujudkan sistem pemasaran secara kolektif dengan koperasi atau Gabungan Kelompok tani (Gapoktan), disertai dengan peningkatan keterampilan petani.
Industri dan Perdagangan Gula di Indonesia: Pembelajaran dari Kebijakan Zaman Penjajahan – Sekarang
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Supriyati NFN , Sinuraya Julia Forcina 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />Sugarcane industry and trade (SIT) in Indonesia is significantly influenced by the government policies. This paper reviewed SIT policies from colonial period up to now to obtain valuable lessons for future development of SIT. Lessons learned include: (1) During the colonial era, the peak triumph was achieved through farmers’ sacrifice; (2) High financial support for research institutions to produce super varieties, such as POJ 2838 and 3016 with productivity as high as 18 ton/ha of crystal; (3) In the beginning of independence, Indonesia’s institutions and manpower were not exclusively ready to optimally develop SIT; (4) There were no comprehensive policies and several of the existing one were conflicting. Based on these lessons, a comprehensive policy issued by related institutions are strongly required for future development of SIT.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Industri dan Perdagangan Gula Indonesia sangat ditentukan oleh kebijakan pemerintah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mereview kebijakan IPG sejak zaman penjajahan sampai sekarang, untuk dijadikan pembelajaran dalam pengembangan IPG ke depan. Pembelajaran yang dapat dipetik antara lain: (1) Kejayaan gula pada zaman penjajahan dicapai dengan mengorbankan petani; (2) Dukungan dana yang kuat, sehingga lembaga penelitian mampu menghasilkan varietas ajaib POJ 2838 dan 3016 dengan produktivitas sebesar 18 ton hablur/ha; (3) Pada awal kemerdekaan, kelembagaan dan sumberdaya manusia Indonesia belum siap untuk mengembangkan pergulaan secara optimal; (4) Kebijakan kurang komprehensif dan kadang-kadang saling bertentangan. Berdasarkan pembelajaran ini, untuk pengembangan pergulaan ke depan diperlukan kebijakan yang komprehensif dari semua pihak yang terkait.
Sensitivity of groundwater flow with respect to the drain–aquifer leakage coefficient
Authors: Moezzibadi Mohammad , Charpentier Isabelle , Wanko Adrien , Mosé Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMitigation measures may be used to prevent soil and water pollution from waste disposal, landfill sites, septic or chemical storage tanks. Among them, drains and impervious barriers may be set up. The efficiency of this technique can be evaluated by means of groundwater modeling tools. The groundwater flow and the leakage drain–aquifer interactions are implemented in a conforming finite element method (FEM) and a mixed hybrid FEM (MHFEM) in a horizontal two-dimensional domain modeling regional aquifer below chemical storage tanks. Considering the influence of uncertainties in the drain–aquifer exchange rate parameter and using an automatic differentiation (AD) tool, the aim of this paper is to carry out a sensitivity analysis with respect to the leakage coefficient for the piezometric head, velocity field, and streamlines to provide a new insight into groundwater waterbody exchanges. Computations are performed with both an ideal homogeneous hydraulic conductivity and a realistic heterogeneous one. The tangent linear codes are validated using Taylor tests performed on the head and the velocity field. The streamlines computed using AD are well approximated in comparison with the nondifferentiated codes. Piezometric head computed by the MHFEM is the more sensitive, particularly near to the drain, than the FEM one.
Designation and trend analysis of the updated UK Benchmark Network of river flow stations: the UKBN2 dataset
Authors: Harrigan Shaun , Hannaford Jamie , Muchan Katie , Marsh Terry J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Observational trend analysis is fundamental for tracking emerging changes in river flows and placing extreme events in their longer-term historical context, particularly as climate change is expected to intensify the hydrological cycle. However, human disturbance within catchments can introduce artificial changes and confound any underlying climate-driven signal. The UK Benchmark Network (UKBN), designated in the early 2000s, comprised a subset of National River Flow Archive (NRFA) stations that were considered near-natural and thus appropriate for identification and interpretation of climate-driven hydrological trends. Here, the original network was reviewed and updated, resulting in the UKBN2 dataset consisting of 146 near-natural catchments. Additionally, the UKBN2 provides user guidance on the suitability of each station for the assessment of low, medium, and high flows. A trend analysis was performed on the updated UKBN2 dataset and results show that while the strength and direction of changes are dependent on the period of record selected, previously detected patterns of river flow change in the UK remain robust for longer periods (&gt;50 years), despite the recent prevalence of extremes. Such a quality assured observational dataset will provide a foundation for future scientific efforts to better understand the changing nature of the hydrological cycle.
Microbial communities in biological denitrification system using methanol as carbon source for treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate from coking wastewater
Authors: Li Enchao , Jin Xuewen , Lu Shuguang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A biological denitrifying process using methanol as a carbon source was employed for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from coking wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon, total nitrogen and nitrate were 81.4%, 83.7%, 90.6% and 92.9%, respectively. Different microbial communities were identified on the MiSeq platform, showing that the most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, the sum of which, in this study, accounted for almost over 92%. The key genera responsible for denitrification were Hyphomicrobium, Thauera and Methyloversatilis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the absolute abundances of microbial genera by using 16S rRNAs and denitrifying genes, such as narG, nirS and nirK, during both start-up and stable operations in the SBR. nirS was much more abundant than nirK, thus became the main functional gene to execute nitrite reduction. The high removal efficiency of COD and nitrate suggests that a biological denitrifying process using SBR is an effective technique for treating ROC from coking wastewater.
The membrane fouling mechanisms of the PAC/BPAC-UF combined process used to treat the secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Sun Lihua , He Ning , Duan Xi , Yang Bingbing , Feng Cuimin , Zhang Yajun 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The combined processes of powdered activated carbon/biological powdered activated carbon- ultrafiltration (PAC/BPAC-UF) were used to treat secondary effluent. In this study, the effect of PAC and BPAC on membrane flux, membrane resistance and the removal of different molecular weight organic compounds were investigated. In addition, the structure characteristics of the microorganisms of the BPAC were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum dosage of PAC and BPAC was 10 mg/L and 40 mg/L respectively. The reversible membrane fouling resistance of BPAC-UF was higher than that of PAC-UF, and the two processes had the least irreversible resistance at the best dosage. The biodegradation of BPAC increased the concentration of small molecular weight organic matter up to 10,000 Da in the membrane effluent. So the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal effect of BPAC-UF process worsened. Microorganisms such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and other microorganisms on the surface of the BPAC enhanced the removal of organic matter in water. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) scans showed that there was net mucus membrane on the UF membrane surface before the backwashing of the BPAC-UF process which increased the proportion of reversible pollution resistance. The physical flushing effect of BPAC-UF was better than that of direct UF and PAC-UF processes.
Highly enhanced adsorption of Congo red by functionalized finger-citron-leaf-based porous carbon
Authors: Zhao Gui-Hua , Fang Yao-Yao , Dai Wei , Ma Na 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A novel high-performance porous carbon material, lanthanum(III)-doped finger-citron-leaf-based porous carbon (La/FPC), has been synthesized and used as an adsorbent for anion dye Congo red (CR). The La/FPC was characterized by nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption performance of CR by the FPC and La/FPC composites with different contents of lanthanum(III) were evaluated in fixed-bed breakthrough experiments and batch tests at room temperature (298 K). The La/FPC had a high CR uptake capacity, which was superior to those previously reported for other adsorbents. The La/FPC sorbents can be easily regenerated using an ethanol elution technique, and after five cycles the reused La/FPC maintained about 98% of its original CR adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetics of CR onto the lanthanum(III)-doped FPCs followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and fitted well with a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. La/FPC is a promising adsorbent for the removal of the anionic dyes from wastewater.