bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Effects of Basil (Ocimum sanctum) Leaf Extract in Combination with Meropenem against Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Lifindra Billy Yanssen , Wiqoyah Nurul , Indiastuti Danti Nur 
Published: September 2024

Highlights:

O. sanctum leaf extract does not significantly increase its antibacterial effects when combined with meropenem against ESBL-producing K. pneumonia.
O. sanctum leaf extract has different antibacterial effects depending on geological and environmental factors.

Abstract
Introduction: Antibiotic usage for bacterial infections causes antibiotic resistance in bacteria. One is extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which produces Klebsiella pneumoniae, a pathogen responsible for increased antibiotic resistance. Basil (Ocimum sanctum) is a candidate for combination therapy. It has been proven to have antibacterial effects. However, its combination with antibiotics is rarely researched. This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of O. sanctum leaf extract and meropenem combination against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae.
Methods: This study used the disk diffusion method. The extract was tested for each experiment at 6%, 4%, 2%, 1%, and 0.5% concentration. The research was divided into two experiments to evaluate the antibacterial effects of O. sanctum leaf extract (n = 18) and its combination with meropenem against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (n = 18). The data was analyzed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows. A probability (p) value of < 0.050 was considered significant.
Results: The first experiment showed that the extract had the largest antibacterial effect at 0.5% concentration (n = 18, p = 0.007). Meanwhile, the second experiment showed that the combination of the extract and meropenem did not have significant antibacterial effects (n = 18, p = 0.597).
Conclusion: O. sanctum leaf extract has viable antibacterial effects, but its combination with meropenem does not significantly improve its antibacterial effects against ESBL-producing K. pneumonia.
Identification of the best viticultural areas by spatial optimisation. Application in New Zealand South Island in the context of climate change
Authors: Hamon Baptiste , Thibault Jeanne , Tissot Cyril , Parker Amber , Quénol Hervé 
Published: September 2024

The global winegrowing sector is under pressure due to the effects of global climate change. This is particularly true for New Zealand, where the wine industry is limited to a few regions. This study focuses on the South Island of New Zealand. It uses the Multi-objective Optimisation for Agrosystems (MOA) model to (i) investigate how potential exposure to climate risks and phenological stages will evolve under climate change, (ii) assess the suitability of current vineyards for viticulture in the future, and (iii) investigate potential emerging areas favourable for viticulture.The results show that a significant shift in the phenological stages of veraison and ripeness can be expected in the future due to the warming of the South Island of New Zealand. The projected phenological stages advancement is around one week in the near term for both Shared-Socioeconomic Pathways studied (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and is more than three weeks and one month in long-term for SSP2–4.5 and SSP5-8.5 respectively. A regional to local increase in frost risk (Canterbury, Otago, and Southland) and a slight increase in disease risk (especially on the coast) are also projected in the future, while the South Island of New Zealand is not expected to be affected by heatwaves. The results show that Marlborough, New Zealand's most important winegrowing region, will continue to be one of the best areas for viticulture in the 21st century. On the other hand, new winegrowing opportunities are expected to emerge inland and southwards.Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the impact of climate change on the New Zealand wine industry and emphasises the need to adapt to changing climate conditions. It also provides insights into the future suitability of vineyards and identifies potential expansion areas for the New Zealand viticulture sector.
Long-wave-propagation delay correlation testing and pattern analysis
Authors: Di Jianchen , Fu Jun , Li Zhenzhong , li Wenkui , Liu Liang , Wu Miao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The complexity of long-wave propagation paths and real-time variations in meteorological conditions can make it challenging to accurately predict the propagation delays of long waves, thereby affecting the precision of long-wave navigation and positioning timing. This study used static tests to measure long-wave receiver path delays at varying propagation distances. Moreover, data were collected from neighbouring test points to analyse propagation delay characteristics and assess the feasibility of implementing differential timing methods. The measured data indicated that neighbouring test points exhibited similar trends during the same period, with different test points showing significant correlations at the 0.001 level. A comprehensive analysis revealed that within a certain range, factors such as meteorological conditions, electrical parameters of the propagation medium, and terrain fluctuations were comparable. Long-wave propagation delays exhibited certain temporal and spatial correlations, and real-time changes in the propagation path could be mitigated using differential methods, thereby enhancing the precision of long-wave navigation and positioning timing. A theoretical focus on solidifying the differential effects in key areas could support the establishment of more accurate differential stations, thereby enhancing the eLoran system with warning capabilities and enhancing system integrity.
Diet composition and feeding habits of Meretrix meretrix and Mactra veneriformis in the Northern Bohai Sea based on high- throughput sequencing
Authors: Li Ang , Bai Yongan , Zhu Ling , Xue Suyan , Li Jiaqi , Li Xianglun , Liu Lulei , Liu Longzhen , Mao Yuze 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Understanding the diet composition and feeding habits of bivalve shellfish is crucial for developing conservation measures to enhance their resources. This is particularly important for the main economic species in shellfish-producing regions. In this study, we analyzed the stomach contents composition of the two main economic shellfish in Geligang, specifically Meretrix meretrix and Mactra veneriformis, using high-throughput sequencing. The results revealed that 956 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were common to both M. meretrix and M. veneriformis, with 1117 OTUs unique to M. meretrix and 412 OTUs unique to M. veneriformis. We identified a total of 50 bait organisms from 11 phyla. The main taxa in the stomach contents of M. meretrix were Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Pyrrophyta and Bacillariophyta, while Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrrophyta and Chrysophyta dominated the stomach contents of M. veneriformis. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated less compositional variety in the stomach contents of M. meretrix compared to M. veneriformis. Additionally, the Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) results showed a significant difference in food composition between the two species. Specifically, M. meretrix and M. veneriformis preferred feeding on Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cryptophyta, while M. veneriformis favored Chrysophyta. Overall, our study provides fundamental insights for ecological research on feeding habits and resource conservation of M. meretrix and M. veneriformis in Geligang, which can inform the development of effective conservation measures for the shellfish resources.
Simulation and experiment of explosion shock wave in semi-closed environment
Authors: QIN HAO , YOU WENBIN , LI RONGJI 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper explores the damage effects of explosion shock waves in a semi-closed environment. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm is employed to construct a simulation model. The ALE algorithm is used to analyze the shock wave overpressure at different positions, and the simulation data from 1.5 meters to 2.6 meters are fitted to derive a formula for the first peak value of the shock wave overpressure. The accuracy of the simulation results is verified through numerical simulation and experimental validation. Experimental results show that in a semi-closed environment, the explosion shock wave reflects multiple times off the walls, resulting in multiple peaks in the overpressure curve at each measuring point. The fitting formula for some measuring points aligns with experimental values, but there are discrepancies related to the experimental conditions and the complexity of the flow field in the semi-closed environment. Although the experimental data are limited and discrete, the fitting formula is generally consistent with the experimental data at certain measuring points.
Investigating the Cavitation Damage of Morning-Glory Spillways under Uncertainty
Authors: Ghaffari Masoud , Moghaddam Mehdi Azhdary , Aziziyan Gholamreza , Rashki Mohsen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Mathematical methods and data-driven numerical models have replaced classical methods such as cavitation number controlling, as the cavitation phenomenon in morning-glory spillways is nonlinear in nature and uncertain making its damage estimation difficult. This study has considered uncertainties in the model to assess the cavitation responses on different points of Haraz dam morning-glory spillway, Iran. The spillway passing flow was simulated using the ANSYS Fluent-3D numerical model and the results were compared with those of the experimental model developed by the Iran-Water Resource Research Institute; their agreement was acceptable. Statistical parameters and the probability density function (PDF) of the uncertainties were obtained using the Shapiro-Wilk test, simulations were done using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method, analyses of the numerical model were performed through 35 simulations using the central composite design (CCD) for the uncertainties considering their correlation and cavitation damage responses related to 10 critical points on the spillway were predicted using the response surface methodology (RSM). Responses were linear, and second-order functions were obtained based on interactions among model uncertainties. Results indicated that the correlation among the data extracted from numerical models and RSM was acceptable, the maximum prediction error in the RSM was within the permissible limits and the highest association rate of uncertainty factors in the cavitation damage responses was related to the flow-field inflow velocity.
Regulation of yeast polarized exocytosis by phosphoinositide lipids
Authors: Volpiana Matthew W. , Nenadic Aleksa , Beh Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Phosphoinositides direct membrane trafficking routes within eukaryotic cells. In polarized exocytosis, which targets vesicular cargo to sites of polarized growth at the plasma membrane (PM), the two phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) and its derivative phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) pave the pathway for vesicle transport from the Golgi to the PM. PI4P is a critical regulator of mechanisms that shape late Golgi membranes for vesicle biogenesis and release. Although enriched in vesicle membranes, PI4P is inexplicably removed from post-Golgi vesicles during their transit to the PM, which drives subsequent steps in exocytosis. At the PM, PI(4,5)P2 recruits effectors that establish polarized membrane sites for targeting the vesicular delivery of secretory cargo. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, provides an elegant model to unravel the complexities of phosphoinositide regulation during polarized exocytosis. Here, we review how PI4P and PI(4,5)P2 promote yeast vesicle biogenesis, exocyst complex assembly and vesicle docking at polarized cortical sites, and suggest how these steps might impact related mechanisms of human disease.
AI-Based Optimization of EM Radiation Estimates from GSM Base Stations Using Traffic Data
Authors: Lal Radhey , Singh Rajiv Kumar , Nishad D. K. , Khalid Saifullah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The fast expansion of mobile networks has sparked worries regarding base station EM radiation's health impacts. Traffic load is commonly ignored when evaluating EM radiation levels using maximum power output. This study proposes utilising AI and ML on real network traffic data to optimise GSM base station EM radiation estimations. We obtained EM radiation measurements and traffic data from a selection of GSM base stations by location and configuration. Traffic patterns were used to train linear regression, random forests, and neural networks to predict EM radiation levels. Base stations were clustered by radiation profile using unsupervised learning. An optimisation methodology was created to minimise EM radiation estimate inaccuracy, considering regulatory restrictions and measurement feasibility. The results show better prediction accuracy than power-based estimations and high generalisability across base station types. Site-specific factors influenced daily EM radiation patterns after clustering. EM radiation levels can be monitored in real time using traffic data and the optimised AI/ML model. This research helps telecom operators and regulators analyse EM radiation more accurately and efficiently. Future projects should include 5G and small cell network extensions and intelligent city platform integration. The suggested method develops data-driven, AI-powered solutions for public safety and mobile network trust.
AR Aircraft Exterior Inspection System Based on Visual SLAM Technology
Authors: Zhang Shihan , Ma Lin , Gu Huarong , Deng Rongxing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aircraft exterior inspection refers to the necessary inspection procedures conducted by qualified aircraft maintenance personnel before takeoff and after landing. This process involves detailed visual inspections of the exterior and certain interior components of the aircraft to ensure its good technical condition. The inspection procedure is typically intricate, requiring the inspector to refer to a substantial amount of information, which poses a risk of oversight and is inconvenient to record and review. This paper proposes an Augmented Reality (AR) aircraft exterior inspection system based on Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) technology. The system aims to provide a highly informative approach to assist the inspector in visually inspecting and maintaining the aircraft exterior. A head-mounted display device equipped with stereo cameras and an Inertial Measuring Unit (IMU) sensor is utilized in the system. When the user wears the device, the system can receive the required inspection information in real-time based on the current pose of the device, while their inspection status is recorded. Experimental results demonstrate the reliable accuracy of the system in a controlled environment, fully realizing the assistance and retrospective process of inspections.
Experimental and numerical investigation on the relationship between stick-slip vibration and rate of penetration
Authors: Huang Bin , Ni Hongjian , Zhang Heng , Jin Yan , Lu Yunhu , Liu Zhicheng , Wang Yuze , Liu Shubin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Severe torsional vibration of the drill string is called stick-slip. Although it is widely believed that drill string vibration can affect drilling efficiency, there have been no detailed reports on the relationship between stick-slip vibration and rate of penetration (ROP). The main causes of stick-slip vibration are the drill bit rock breaking and friction between the drill string and the wellbore. Regardless of the reason, in the absence of stuck pipe, the interaction between the drill bit and the formation rock directly determines ROP. Therefore, this paper studies the relationship between stick-slip vibration and ROP through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. The results show that the intensity of torsional vibration of the drill bit increases as the increase of weight-on-bit (WOB) and decrease of torsional stiffness of drill string, and stick-slip vibration phenomenon will occur eventually. However, the ROP did not show a significant change with the increase of torsional vibration intensity. Although the ROP is almost 0 during the stick phase, it is relatively high when the drill bit enters the slip process. And the axial displacement curve shows a stepwise increasing characteristic. The average footage during the stick and slip stages is basically equal to that without significant torsional vibration. Although the stick slip vibration does not directly affect the ROP, severe torsional vibration can accelerate the wear of the drill bit, thereby reducing the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit and lower of ROP. The research results of this paper advance the knowledge of drill string vibration.
High-throughput screening-based design of multifunctional natural polyphenol nano-vesicles to accelerate diabetic wound healing
Authors: Zhao Xiaoying , Su Shenkai , Wu Chenyu , Deng Yuxin , Chen Yu , Yu Tanxin , Li Chenchao , Zhang Yekai , Wang Xiangyang , Zhou Yifei , Zhang Xiaolei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a major pathological factor that impedes the diabetic wound healing process. Procyanidins (PC) form nanoparticle-vesicles (PPNs) through hydrogen bonding and exhibit good drug delivery capability; however, its application in diabetic wound is not satisfied. To meet the antioxidant needs for treating, high-throughput screening in natural product library (NPL) under in vitro oxidative stress condition was conducted to enhance the antioxidant activity of PPNs. HUVECs treated with TBHP was established as screening model in vitro. Baicalein (BAI) was identified out of 600 + products in the library as the most effective one to combat oxidative stress. Further study showed that PC and BAI may react in equal proportions to synthesize new vesicles, named BPPNs; while BPPNs have ROS responsive and antioxidant effects. Network pharmacology showed that in diabetic wounds, the target genes of PC are mainly enriched in the VEGF-related pathways, while BAI primarily regulates tyrosine phosphorylation. The complementarity between the two has been validated in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In summary, the antioxidant drug BAI, identified through high-throughput screening of NPL, could optimize the biological function of PPNs; the newly-synthesized BPPNs may accelerate diabetic wound healing through dual mechanisms of promoting angiogenesis and combating oxidative stress.
Role of Nano-Particle Size in Modulating Porosity and Electrical Performance of Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films
Authors: Gatea Hamed A. , Alkhafaji Mohammed Ayad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study investigates how nanoparticle size affects the porosity and electrical properties of the perovskite oxide Barium strontium titanate Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin film. Investigations of nanostructures and properties showed their dependence on the value of ratio x. The crystallographic features of the materials are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). When the value of x increased, the XRD pattern changed from the tetragonal phase to the cubic phase. The FESEM images revealed that the particle size varied with increasing x values. The findings show that when the ion diameter changes, the crystal structure changes, which affects how stable and symmetrical the BaSrTiO3 thin films are. We calculated the film density of those samples using different methods, based on the porosity and mean film density values determined using different techniques. Electrical properties depend on the ratio of x and the annealing temperature investigated; the conductivity increased depending on the varied frequency.
Resistance Intensity Test (RIT): a novel bioassay for quantifying the level of acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks
Authors: Jongejan Frans , Berger Laura , Homminga Laura , Hulsebos Iris , Petersen Alita , Ferreira Priscila Teixeira Ferreira Teixeira , Reck José , Klafke Guilherme 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
One bioassay for detecting acaricide resistance in livestock ticks is the Adult Immersion Test (AIT), wherein engorged ticks are briefly immersed into a solution of a particular acaricidal compound and examined for their egg-laying capacity and offspring hatchability in vitro. Usually, the recommended label dose or an established discriminating dose of an acaricide is used to determine high mortality (≥ 95%) of susceptible tick strains. Such a test intends to detect the presence of resistance in a tick population. However, the adult immersion test does not directly translate the bioassay results to the predicted efficacy in the field. In this paper, we used the AIT as an initial screening bioassay supplemented with the Resistance Intensity Test (RIT), a novel larval-based bioassay, wherein the resistance level can be determined and translated to the expected field efficacy. This was done by adopting WHO guidelines for resistance detection in mosquitoes, which combines a 1x recommended dose with 5x and 10x concentrated doses to reveal low, moderate, and high resistance intensity, respectively.
Methods
Engorged Rhipicephalus microplus ticks were collected from cattle at six different ranches across Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as part of the state's acaricide resistance surveillance program. Groups of adult ticks from each field collection were subjected to the AIT from each field sample. Additionally, engorged female ticks from each ranch were allowed to lay eggs, and their larval progeny aged 14 to 28 days were then used in the RIT. Deltamethrin and a combination of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were used in both tests, and the results were statistically analysed.
Results
The in vitro efficacy of deltamethrin against adult ticks in the AIT ranged between 8.74% and 25.38%. The corresponding RIT results on their larval progeny indicated a high resistance level. The in vitro efficacy of the combination of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos against adult ticks in the immersion test ranged between 49.31% and 100%. The corresponding RIT results on their larval progeny indicated a similar response ranging from fully susceptible to low or moderate resistance. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.883) showed a high correlation between tick mortality at the 1x recommended concentrations of acaricides in both tests.
Conclusions
The Resistance Intensity Test is a valuable addition to the range of bioassays currently available for detecting acaricide resistance by determining the level of acaricide resistance that is relevant to whether or not to continue using a particular acaricidal class for controlling cattle ticks.