bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the complex family experiences of Behavioural Family Therapy
Authors: O'Hanlon Brendan , Hayes Laura , Perlesz Amaryll , Harvey Carol 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFamily psychoeducational interventions including Behavioural Family Therapy have an impressive evidence base in the treatment of schizophrenia. While there are challenges in their implementation including the engagement of families, in the few qualitative studies of Behavioural Family Therapy, families report largely positive experiences. Understanding more about families’ experiences of Behavioural Family Therapy could guide changes to practice to improve implementation. This qualitative study involved interviews with twenty clients diagnosed with schizophrenia and twenty relatives who participated in Behavioural Family Therapy in Australia. Participants valued sharing experiences between family members and their relationship with the practitioner. Unlike previous studies they reported discomfort in sessions and disappointment in aspects of Behavioural Family Therapy. Greater emphasis on addressing this discomfort and on therapeutic alliance may help overcome implementation challenges.Practitioner points

Practitioners can use their therapeutic alliance with families to promote shared understanding by providing information as well as facilitating information sharing between family members
Practitioners need to recognize and respond to the high levels of discomfort experienced by families and particularly the vulnerability of the person with schizophrenia
An increased focus on engagement and the therapeutic alliance may improve the implementation of BFT in services
A Comparative Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty in Sudan and South Sudan
Authors: Ballon Paola , Duclos Jean‐Yves 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper assesses multidimensional poverty in Sudan and South Sudan. We use the National Baseline Household Surveys of 2009 to measure poverty incidence in education, consumption, access to public assets and possession of private assets across these two countries. We differentiate between children aged 6 to 14 years and adults aged 15 years or older. We apply a counting method for measuring multidimensional poverty at the individual level and perform dominance tests to check for the robustness of the poverty comparisons. Our findings show regional and sub‐population differences in the unidimensional and multidimensional poverty status of people in both countries. Poverty in Sudan is generally less severe than in South Sudan, with a pattern showing (1) lesser unidimensional incidence of poverty and (2) lower multidimensional poverty indices and prevalence, but similar breadth, both for adults and children. This pattern also points towards Khartoum and Western Equatoria as the states with the least poverty, and Northern Darfur, and Warap as the states with the greatest poverty, both for adults and children, in Sudan and South Sudan, respectively. Policy intended at reducing poverty in each of the two countries should recognize the poverty profile differences across age groups, geographical areas and dimensions.
Child Labour and Schooling in South Sudan and Sudan: Is There a Gender Preference?
Authors: Bérenger Valérie , Verdier‐Chouchane Audrey 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBased on the 2009 household surveys conducted in Sudan and South Sudan, the objective of this article is to analyse gender inequality for the young population aged 10 to 14 who should be at school. Although education is free in both countries, children's enrolment at school is low especially for girls, many of them stay home performing domestic chores or have an economic activity particularly in rural areas. The bivariate probit model highlights the key role of the household head's education, gender and poverty status in determining children's schooling. Drawing on Pal () who extended the Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition, we confirm that children's activity in Sudan and South Sudan is strongly determined by the fact of being a girl or a boy. The article also provides some policy recommendations to address the issues of low school attendance and high gender inequality.
Trump in Scotland: A Study of Power‐Topologies and Golf Topographies
Authors: Jönsson Erik 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDuring the last decade Trump International Golf Links Scotland (TIGLS) has built on land where no development was previously outlined and, appropriating parts of a Site of Special Scientific Interest, has come to occupy an important place in debates on Scottish planning policy. Though plans were initially rejected in 2007 by the Aberdeenshire planning body responsible, the Scottish Government subsequently rescaled the decision—instead approving the proposed high‐end, large‐scale golf resort. Besides numerous clashes with those living close to TIGLS, this has since led to highly visible protests. In this article I scrutinize TIGLS's establishment to explore the entanglements of topological and topographic understandings of space, and to illuminate power exerted through various modalities by various private and public actors. Based on interviews with politicians, activists, planners, residents and business representatives and an analysis of planning documents, developer–state communications, and marketing material, I argue that work on power‐topologies and relational geographies has much to offer. But, crucially, this work simultaneously risks underplaying the role material landscapes play in conflicts over planning policy and the power exerted to dominate such landscapes. Thus, emphasizing topology proves insufficient unless coupled with a focus on the power involved in appropriating and reshaping material topographies.
Improving Communication and Resolution Following Adverse Events Using a Patient‐Created Simulation Exercise
Authors: Gallagher Thomas H. , Etchegaray Jason M. , Bergstedt Brandelyn , Chappelle Amelia M. , Ottosen Madelene J. , Sedlock Emily W. , Thomas Eric J. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveThe response to adverse events can lack patient‐centeredness, perhaps because the involved institutions and other stakeholders misunderstand what patients and families go through after care breakdowns.Study SettingWashington and Texas.Study DesignThe HealthPact Patient and Family Advisory Council (PFAC) created and led a five‐stage simulation exercise to help stakeholders understand what patients experience following an adverse event. The half‐day exercise was presented twice.Data Collection and AnalysisLessons learned related to the development and conduct of the exercise were synthesized from planning notes, attendee evaluations, and exercise discussion notes.Principal FindingsOne hundred ninety‐four individuals attended (86 Washington and 108 Texas). Take‐homes from these exercises included the fact that the response to adverse events can be complex, siloed, and uncoordinated. Participating in this simulation exercise led stakeholders and patient advocates to express interest in continued collaboration.ConclusionsA PFAC‐designed simulation can help stakeholders understand patient and family experiences following adverse events and potentially improve their response to these events.
Molecular characterization of three Hsp90 from Pieris and expression patterns in response to cold and thermal stress in summer and winter diapause of Pieris melete
Authors: Wu Yue‐Kun , Zou Chao , Fu Dao‐Meng , Zhang Wan‐Na , Xiao Hai‐Jun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHeat shock proteins (Hsps) have been linked to stresses and winter diapause in insects, but whether they are components of summer diapause is still unknown. In this study, complementary DNAs of Hsp90 from Pieris melete, Pieris rapae and Pieris canidia named PmHsp90, PrHsp90 and PcHsp90, respectively, were cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence consisted of 718 amino acid residues with a putative molecular mass of 82.6, 82.6 and 82.7 kDa, respectively. The amino acid sequences contained all of the five conserved signature motifs in the Hsp90 family and a bHLH protein folding activity region. The differential expression pattern of PmHsp90 in response to summer diapause and winter diapause, which are related to heat/cold stress, was investigated. Cold stress induced Hsp90 up‐regulation in summer and winter diapause pupae, but not in non‐diapause individuals. Heat shock up‐regulated PmHsp90 gradually with an increase in temperature in summer diapause, and PmHsp90 was rapidly up‐regulated in winter diapause. After 30 min heat shock at 39°C, substantial up‐regulation of PmHsp90 transcript levels were observed both in summer and winter diapause. However, in non‐diapause a relatively stable expression was found under different durations of 39°C heat shock. Compared to the optimal treatment of 18°C for diapause development, a high temperature acclimation of 31°C induced PmHsp90 up‐regulation in summer diapause, whereas a low temperature acclimation of 4°C induced up‐regulation in winter diapause. The current results indicate that Hsp90 may play an important role in response to heat/cold stress both in summer and winter diapause.
Behavioral Responses to Novelty or to a Predator Stimulus Are Not Altered in Adult Zebrafish by Early Embryonic Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Seguin Diane , Shams Soaleha , Gerlai Robert 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) may vary in symptoms and severity. In the milder and more prevalent forms of the disease, behavioral abnormalities may include impaired social behavior, for example, difficulty interpreting social cues. Patients with FASD remain often undiagnosed due to lack of biomarkers, and treatment is unavailable because the mechanisms of the disease are not yet understood. Animal models have been proposed to facilitate addressing these problems. More recently, short exposure of the zebrafish embryo to low concentrations of alcohol was shown to lead to significant and lasting impairment of behavior in response to social stimuli. The impairment may be the result of abnormal social behavior or altered fear/anxiety. The goal of the current study was to investigate the latter.MethodsHere, we employed the alcohol exposure regimen used previously (exposure of 24th hour postfertilization embryos to 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00% vol/vol alcohol for 2 hours), allowed the fish to reach adulthood, and measured the behavioral responses of these adults to a novel tank (anxiety‐related behaviors) as well as to an animated image of a sympatric predator of zebrafish (fear‐related behaviors).ResultsWe found behavioral responses of embryonic alcohol‐exposed adult fish to remain statistically indistinguishable from those of controls, suggesting unaltered anxiety and fear in the embryonic alcohol‐treated fish.ConclusionsGiven that motor and perceptual function was previously shown to be also unaltered in the adults after embryonic alcohol exposure, our current results suggest that the impaired response of these fish to social stimuli may be the result of abnormal social behavior.
A clinical trial with combined transcranial direct current stimulation and alcohol approach bias retraining
Authors: den Uyl Tess E. , Gladwin Thomas E. , Rinck Mike , Lindenmeyer Johannes , Wiers Reinout W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTwo studies showed an improvement in clinical outcomes after alcohol approach bias retraining, a form of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM). We investigated whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could enhance effects of CBM. TDCS is a neuromodulation technique that can increase neuroplasticity and has previously been found to reduce craving. One hundred alcohol‐dependent inpatients (91 used for analysis) were randomized into three experimental groups in a double‐blind parallel design. The experimental group received four sessions of CBM while receiving 2 mA of anodal tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). There were two control groups: One received sham stimulation during training and one received active stimulation at a different moment. Treatment outcomes were abstinence duration (primary) and relapse after 3 and 12 months, craving and approach bias (secondary). Craving and approach bias scores decreased over time; there were no significant interactions with experimental condition. There was no effect on abstinence duration after three months (χ2(2) = 3.53, p = 0.77). However, a logistic regression on relapse rates after one year (standard outcome in the clinic, but not‐preregistered) showed a trend when relevant predictors were included; relapse was lower in the condition receiving active stimulation during CBM only when comparing to sham stimulation (B = 1.52, S.E. = .836, p = .07, without predictors: p = .19). No strong evidence for a specific enhancement effect of tDCS on CBM was found. However, in a post‐hoc analysis, tDCS combined with CBM showed a promising trend on treatment outcome. Important limitations are discussed, and replication is necessary to find more reliable effects.
Responses of an Australian freshwater turtle to drought‐flood cycles along a natural to urban gradient
Authors: Ferronato Bruno O. , Roe John H. , Georges Arthur 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUrban areas provide habitat for numerous native species, but life in towns and cities presents many challenges. The effect of climate on the ecology and the behaviour of non‐volant vertebrates inhabiting urban habitats have received little attention. In this study, we investigated demography, growth rates, movements and reproduction of a semi‐aquatic freshwater turtle, Chelodina longicollis, along a natural to urban gradient during a period of relatively high rainfall (2011–2014) and compared this to a previous study in the same system during drought (2006–2007). In addition to changes in rainfall, urbanization increased considerably over the same time period and a pest‐exclusion fence was constructed to mitigate against urban hazards encroaching on the adjacent reserve. Turtles grew at similar rates, had similar abundances and sex ratios and had similar reproductive output across the gradient from urban to non‐urban sites during the wet period. Despite increasing urbanization, recruitment occurred at all sites and survivorship estimates were similar among sites. Turtles moved among wetlands at high rates and over long distances (6 km), underscoring the importance of movements in urban landscapes. Our results contrast with those for the same system during drought, when turtles were less abundant and grew slower in the nature reserve compared with the urban environment. Our results underscore the strong influence climate can have on population dynamics and resilience of species to changes brought about by urbanization. Further monitoring is required to understand the long‐term population responses of long‐lived species to drought cycles.
Pre‐diabetes and serum sex steroid hormones among US men
Authors: Arthur R. , Rohrmann S. , Møller H. , Selvin E. , Dobs A. S. , Kanarek N. , Nelson W. , Platz E. A. , Van Hemelrijck M. 
Published: October 2016

SummarySeveral studies demonstrate a link between diabetes and sex steroid hormones, but the link with pre‐diabetes remains elusive. In this study, we hypothesize that pre‐diabetes, which is characterised by having impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired HbA1C, may influence circulating sex steroid hormone concentrations in men. Thus, we investigated whether serum sex steroid hormone concentrations differ between men with and without pre‐diabetes. We analyzed data for 1139 men who were aged 20+ years when they participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated adjusted geometric mean serum concentrations of total and estimated free testosterone, androstanediol glucuronide, total and estimated free estradiol, and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) in men with and without pre‐diabetes. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) of lower concentrations of androgens and SHBG, and higher concentrations of estradiol by prediabetes status. Adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, total testosterone concentration was lower among men with (geometric mean: 4.68 ng/mL) than without (5.36 ng/mL, p = 0.01) pre‐diabetes. SHBG concentration was also lower in men with (31.67 nmol/L) than without (36.16 nmol/L; p = 0.01) pre‐diabetes. Concentrations of the other hormones did not differ between men with and without pre‐diabetes. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, pre‐diabetic men had a higher odds of lower testosterone (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.54–4.29), higher free estradiol level (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.14–2.22), and lower SHBG level (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.32–3.92) compared to men without pre‐diabetes. These associations were attenuated after adjusting for adiposity (testosterone OR: 1.76; 95% CI 0.95–3.27, free estradiol OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.88–1.88, SHBG OR: 1.71; 95% CI 0.88–3.30). Our findings suggest that men with pre‐diabetes have lower circulating total testosterone and SHBG and higher free estradiol levels.
Multiple gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated by laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery: A case report
Authors: Maeda Eri , Fujiwara Masao , Suto Hironobu , Asano Eisuke , Kishino Takayoshi , Yamamoto Naoki , Akamoto Shintaro , Okano Keiichi , Kobara Hideki , Mori Hirohito , Masaki Tsutomu , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe typical treatment of choice for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is surgical resection. Here we report a case of three GIST lesions resected safely by laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS). A 78‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital for further treatment of an enlarging gastric submucosal tumor. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography revealed two gastric submucosal tumors. Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine needle aspiration was subsequently performed. The patient underwent LECS in accordance with therapeutic guidelines for GIST. Assisted by a laparoscope and using three trocars, a full‐thickness resection was performed endoscopically for the 3‐cm lesion and its nearby submucosal tumor, which was newly detected intraoperatively. The other lesion was also resected with an autosuture device under laparoscopy. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. In LECS, endoscopic observation and resection can minimize gastric deformation and preserve gastric function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of LECS performed on multiple GIST.
GP2015, a proposed etanercept biosimilar: Pharmacokinetic similarity to its reference product and comparison of its autoinjector device with prefilled syringes
Authors: von Richter Oliver , Skerjanec Andrej , Afonso Miguel , Sanguino Heinrich Sabine , Poetzl Johann , Woehling Heike , Velinova Maria , Koch Annelize , Kollins Dmitrij , Macke Lars , Wuerth Guido 
Published: October 2016

AimsTo assess pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of GP2015, a proposed etanercept biosimilar, in two studies: comparison with etanercept originator (ETN, bioequivalence study) and comparison of GP2015 administered via an autoinjector (AI) or prefilled syringes (PFS, delivery study).MethodsBoth studies were randomized, two‐sequence, two‐period, crossover studies conducted in healthy male subjects. In the bioequivalence study, subjects were randomized to receive a single 50 mg subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of GP2015 or ETN. In the delivery study, subjects were randomized to receive a single 50 mg s.c. injection of GP2015 via AI or PFS. Following a wash‐out period of 35 days, subjects in the bioequivalence study received single 50 mg s.c. injection of GP2015 or ETN, and subjects in the delivery study received single 50 mg s.c. injection of GP2015 via AI or PFS.ResultsThe geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of GP2015/ETN for Cmax (1.11 [1.05–1.17]), AUC0–tlast (0.98 [0.94–1.02]) and AUC0–inf (0.96 [0.93–1.00]) were within the predefined bioequivalence range of 0.80–1.25. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of AI/PFS for Cmax (1.01 [0.94–1.08]), AUC0–tlast (1.01 [0.95–1.07]) and AUC0–inf (1.01 [0.96–1.07]) were also within the range 0.80–1.25. No new safety issues were reported. Three subjects had low titres of non‐neutralising anti‐drug antibodies during a follow‐up visit in the bioequivalence study.ConclusionsThe PK of GP2015 was similar to ETN, demonstrating bioequivalence. The safety profile of GP2015 was consistent with previous reports for ETN. The GP2015 AI provided equivalent dosing and tolerability to the GP2015 PFS.
Integrative Genetic Risk Prediction Using Non-Parametric Empirical Bayes Classification
Authors: Zhao Sihai Dave 
Published: October 2016

SummaryGenetic risk prediction is an important component of individualized medicine, but prediction accuracies remain low for many complex diseases. A fundamental limitation is the sample sizes of the studies on which the prediction algorithms are trained. One way to increase the effective sample size is to integrate information from previously existing studies. However, it can be difficult to find existing data that examine the target disease of interest, especially if that disease is rare or poorly studied. Furthermore, individual-level genotype data from these auxiliary studies are typically difficult to obtain. This article proposes a new approach to integrative genetic risk prediction of complex diseases with binary phenotypes. It accommodates possible heterogeneity in the genetic etiologies of the target and auxiliary diseases using a tuning parameter-free non-parametric empirical Bayes procedure, and can be trained using only auxiliary summary statistics. Simulation studies show that the proposed method can provide superior predictive accuracy relative to non-integrative as well as integrative classifiers. The method is applied to a recent study of pediatric autoimmune diseases, where it substantially reduces prediction error for certain target/auxiliary disease combinations. The proposed method is implemented in the R package ssa.
Decreasing water availability across the globe improves the effectiveness of protective ant–plant mutualisms: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Leal Laura C. , Peixoto Paulo E. C. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTAbiotic conditions can increase the costs of services and/or the benefits of rewards provided by mutualistic partners. Consequently, in some situations, the outcome of mutualisms can move from beneficial to detrimental for at least one partner. In the case of protective mutualisms between ant bodyguards and plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), plants from arid environments face a trade‐off between EFN production and maintenance and water and carbon economy. This trade‐off may increase EFN costs and decrease their value as a defensive strategy to plants in such environments. Despite this, the presence of EFNs is an ubiquitous trait in plants from arid environments, suggesting that they provide greater benefits to plants in these environments to compensate for their higher costs. We used a meta‐analysis to investigate if such benefits do increase with decreasing water availability and the possible underlying causes (such as ant behaviour or ant diversity). As predicted, ant effect on EFN plants performance increased as mean annual precipitation decreased. We also found that the frequency of dominant ants on EFN plants increased in drier areas. Due to the more aggressive behaviour of dominant ants, we suggest that they represent an important factor shaping the adaptive value of EFNs to plants in arid environments.