bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POWER TO THE PEOPLE: REVISITING CIVIL RESISTANCE IN ROMANS 13:1-7 IN LIGHT OF THE NOAHIC COVENANT
Authors: VanDrunen David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRomans 13:1–7 has been the most important text in scripture for Christian reflection on political authority, yet what it does not say has left Christian social ethicists and political/legal theorists with many lingering questions, especially about the proper response to unjust magistrates. To what resources should Christian thinkers look to illumine the gaps left by the Pauline silence, and just how absolute or relative did Paul intend his remarks in Romans 13:1–7 to be? This article presents a twofold thesis in response to this twofold question. First, it argues that the Noahic covenant, Genesis 8:21–9:17, is an important, although overlooked, background resource for interpreting Romans 13:1–7. Second, this article illustrates the practical benefit of reading Romans 13 in light of the Noahic covenant by offering a new argument for why Christians should not interpret Paul's unqualified command to submit to civil authorities as absolutely forbidding resistance to unjust magistrates. Paul's words about magistrates in Romans 13 have not superseded the obligation to pursue justice that God gave to the human community as a whole in the Noahic covenant. Thus the primal obligation resting in the people implicitly qualifies Paul's instructions.
Effects of vitamin D2-fortified breadv. supplementation with vitamin D2or D3on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites: an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in young adult Finnish women
Authors: Itkonen Suvi T. , Skaffari Essi , Saaristo Pilvi , Saarnio Elisa M. , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Jakobsen Jette , Cashman Kevin D. , Lamberg-Allardt Christel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere is a need for food-based solutions for preventing vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D3(D3) is mainly used in fortified food products, although the production of vitamin D2(D2) is more cost-effective, and thus may hold opportunities. We investigated the bioavailability of D2from UV-irradiated yeast present in bread in an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in healthy 20–37-year-old women (n33) in Helsinki (60°N) during winter (February–April) 2014. Four study groups were given different study products (placebo pill and regular bread=0 µg D2or D3/d; D2supplement and regular bread=25 µg D2/d; D3supplement and regular bread=25 µg D3/d; and placebo pill and D2-biofortified bread=25 µg D2/d). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2(S-25(OH)D2) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(S-25(OH)D3) concentrations were measured at baseline, midpoint and end point. The mean baseline total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D=S-25(OH)D2+S-25(OH)D3) concentration was 65·1 nmol/l. In repeated-measures ANCOVA (adjusted for baseline S-25(OH)D as total/D2/D3), D2-bread did not affect total S-25(OH)D (P=0·707) or S-25(OH)D3(P=0·490), but increased S-25(OH)D2compared with placebo (P<0·001). However, the D2supplement was more effective than bread in increasing S-25(OH)D2(P<0·001). Both D2and D3supplementation increased total S-25(OH)D compared with placebo (P=0·030 andP=0·001, respectively), but D2supplementation resulted in lower S-25(OH)D3(P<0·001). Thus, D2from UV-irradiated yeast in bread was not bioavailable in humans. Our results support the evidence that D2is less potent in increasing total S-25(OH)D concentrations than D3, also indicating a decrease in the percentage contribution of S-25(OH)D3to the total vitamin D pool.
The future of iPS cells in advancing regenerative medicine
Authors: LIU PENG , LI KE , XU SHAOHUA 
Published: February 2016

SummaryInduced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have great potential in regenerative medicine, including cell replacement therapies and disease modelling in vitro. However, with this potential comes several challenges, including clinical safety, reprogramming and differentiation efficiency, and compromised functionality of differentiated cell types after transplantation. Many of these issues arise from imprecise control of cell fate. With large-scale sequencing and genome-editing technologies we can now precisely manipulate the genome, which has expanded our knowledge of functional cell types and cell identity. These technologies may improve our efforts in generating iPS-derived therapeutic cells and in development of therapies for human diseases.
Cone-in-cone and beef mineralization associated with Triassic growth basin faulting and shallow shale diagenesis, Edgeøya, Svalbard
Authors: MAHER HARMON D. , OGATA KEI , BRAATHEN ALVAR 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCone-in-cone (CIC) and beef (BF) carbonate lenses ornament detachment zone faults underlying Triassic growth basins on Edgeøya. Field relationships place CIC and BF growth as during early diagenesis and a transition from hydroplastic to a later brittle-style of faulting that is marked by coarser calcite veining. Deformation is constrained to have occurred at <300 m depth. Multiple models exist for CIC formation. For the Edgeøya example, textural analysis of thin-sections suggests that small tensile fractures and carbonate shell fragments nucleated development of calcite aggregates with CIC and BF morphology within unconsolidated to poorly consolidated sediment to form asymmetric antitaxial tensile aggregates subparallel to bedding and fault surfaces. The conical forms result from differential growth on stepped, cleavage-parallel faces of fibres facing host sediment, with preferential inclusion incorporation at inner corners. The preferred directions of calcite growth are attributed to local stresses and seepage flow associated with pore pressure gradients. Substantial framboidal pyrite in the sediments represents an early phase of microbially driven sulphate reduction, which may have induced calcite mineralization. The transition to brittle-style faulting was marked by development of deformation twins in CIC/BF fibres, and a transition to coarse, blocky calcite growth in relay arrays of steeply oriented microveins. This indicates local fault-related stresses substantially changed during shallow diagenesis and lithification, an evolution attributed to changing pore pressures, seepage forces and material moduli. Calcite mineralizations at Edgeøya track the very significant changes in mechanical properties and stress states that occur during synlithification deformation at very shallow crustal levels.
Changing trends in the incidence of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: seven decades of experience at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
Authors: Mishra A , Mishra S C 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground:The occurrence of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is reportedly higher in India than in some other parts of the world, and our centre has seen a four-fold increase in its occurrence across seven decades.Methods:This paper reports a retrospective archival analysis of 701 juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma cases from 1958 to 2013, and considers probable environmental factors in an Indian context that may affect its biology and the global distribution, as reported in the literature.Results:A continuously progressive increase in occurrence was evident, but the rapid rise observed in the current decade was alarming. The world map of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma incidence does not reflect true global distribution given the paucity of reporting. Our centre has dealt with approximately 400 cases in the last 24 years.Conclusion:With the alarming increase in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma incidence, there is a need for a registry to define its epidemiology. The world literature needs to reflect the status of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma incidence in the third world as well. Environmental factors known for hormone disruptive actions may influence its occurrence. Such aspects need to be considered to plan specific prevention policies.
No place for old women: a critical inquiry into age in later working life
Authors: LOTHERINGTON ANN THERESE , OBSTFELDER AUD , HALFORD SUSAN 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWestern countries currently face pressing demands to transform the labour market participation of older workers, in order to address the pressing economic and social challenges of an ageing population. However, in this article we argue that our understanding of older workers is limited by a dominant discourse that emphasises individuals rather than organisations; and valorises youth as the performative aspiration for all workers, regardless of age. To see things differently, and to see different things, we offer a novel analytical synthesis that combines insights from post-foundational feminist theory, the 2007 filmNo Country for Old Menand an empirical study of older nurses working in the Norwegian public health-care system. Our aim is to provide the foundations for alternative interventions in the world of work that might underpin a more sustainable future for older workers.
Bubble structure in laser wake-field acceleration
Authors: Toosi Ershad Sadeghi , Mirzanejhad Saeed , Dorranian Davoud 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHighly nonlinear ellipsoid bubble regime of the laser wake-field acceleration with high-intensity laser pulse is considered with analytical and numerical calculations. The important property of this regime is the production of the mono-energetic high-quality electron beam. We introduce a new twofold ellipsoid structure of the bubble (egg shape) by referring to some published two-dimensional (2D) and 3D simulations. In this paper, a new analytical formalism is introduced, in which dimensions of the front part of the ellipsoid bubble are related to the laser pulse and plasma parameters. These relationships are in agreement with 2D particle-in-cell code results in recent work (Benedetti et al., 2013).
Modification of copper surface by runaway electrons preionized diffuse discharges at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Erofeev Mikhail V. , Fang Zhi , Shulepov Mikhail A. , Zhou Zhongsheng , Tarasenko Victor F. , Shao Tao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRunaway electrons preionized diffuse discharge (REP DD) could generate volume non-thermal plasmas at atmospheric pressure, thus is widely used for surface modification. In this paper, two pulsed generators are used to produce REP DD for modifying copper (Cu) foil in atmospheric air. One generator produces repetitive pulses with a peak voltage of 40 kV and a rise time of 150 ns. The other generator produces single pulse with a peak voltage of 280 kV and a rise time of 0.5 ns. After the treatment, the modification results for including the macro topography, chemical composition and microhardness in different depths of the Cu surface are analyzed. In order to estimate the modification results in different areas of the Cu foil, several points from the center to the edge of the Cu sample are selected. It could be observed that the maximal modification effect usually appears in the area where the density of the diffuse discharge plasma is highest. The experimental results show REP DD treatment could significantly decrease the water contact angle and increase surface energy of the Cu foil. Meanwhile, it could decrease the carbon concentration and increase oxygen concentration in the near-surface layer of the Cu sample, and enhance the microhardness in different depths of the Cu foil.
Safe manipulation in unknown, crowded environments via sensor-based interleaving planner: interleaving software and sensitive skin hardware
Authors: Um Dugan , Ryu Dongseok 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYAs various robots are anticipated to coexist with humans in the near future, safe manipulation in unknown, cluttered environments becomes an important issue. Manipulation in an unknown environment, however, has been proven to be NP-Hard and the risk of unexpected human--robot collision hampers the dawning of the era of human--robot coexistence. We propose a non-contact-based sensitive skin as a means to provide safe manipulation hardware and interleaving planning between the workspace and the configuration space as software to solve manipulation problems in unknown, crowded environments. Novelty of the paper resides in demonstration of real time and yet complete path planning in an uncertain and crowded environment. To that end, we introduce the framework of the sensor-based interleaving planner (SBIP) whereby search completeness and safe manipulation are both guaranteed in cluttered environments. We study an interleaving mechanism between sensation in a workspace and execution in the corresponding configuration space for real-time planning in uncertain environments, thus the name interleaving planner implies.Applications of the proposed system include manipulators of a humanoid robot, surgical manipulators, and robotic manipulators working in hazardous and uncertain environments such as underwater, unexplored planets, and unstructured indoor spaces.
General life satisfaction predicts dementia in community living older adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Peitsch Lorraine , Tyas Suzanne L. , Menec Verena H. , St. John Philip D. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Low life satisfaction predicts adverse outcomes, and may predict dementia. The objectives were: (1) to determine if life satisfaction predicts dementia over a five year period in those with normal cognition at baseline; and (2) to determine if different aspects of life satisfaction differentially predict dementia.Methods:Secondary analysis of an existing population-based cohort study with initial assessment in 1991 and follow-up five years later. Initially, 1,751 adults age 65+ living in the community were sampled from a representative sampling frame. Of these, 1,024 were alive and had complete data at time 2, of whom 96 were diagnosed with dementia. Life satisfaction was measured using the Terrible-Delightful scale, which measures overall life satisfaction on a 7-point scale, as well as various aspects of life satisfaction (e.g. friendships, finances, etc.) Dementia was diagnosed by clinical examination using DSM-IIIR criteria. Logistic regression models were constructed for the outcome of dementia at time 2, and adjusted for age, gender, education, and comorbidities.Results:Overall life satisfaction predicted dementia five years later, at time 2. The unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval) for dementia at time 2 was 0.72 (0.55, 0.95) per point. The adjusted OR for dementia was 0.70 (0.51, 0.96). No individual item on the life satisfaction scale predicted dementia. However, the competing risk of mortality was very high for some items.Conclusion:A global single-item measure of life satisfaction predicts dementia over a five year period in older adults without cognitive impairment.
POS-tagging arabic texts: A novel approach based on ant colony
Authors: ZRIBI BEN OTHMANE CHIRAZ , BEN FRAJ FERIEL , LIMAM ICHRAF 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe specificities of the Arabic language, mainly agglutination and vocalization make the task of POS-tagging more difficult than for Indo-European languages. Consequently, POS-tagging texts with good accuracy remains a challenging problem for Arabic language processing applications. In this work, we consider the task of POS-tagging as an optimization problem modeled as a graph whose nodes correspond to all possible grammatical tags given by a morphological analyzer for words in a sentence and the goal is to find the best path (sequence of tags) in this graph. To resolve this problem, we propose a novel approach based on ant colony. Ant colony-based algorithms are among the most efficient methods to resolve optimization problems modeled as a graph. The collaboration of ants having various knowledge creates a collective intelligence and increases efficiency. We have performed experiments on both vocalized and non-vocalized texts and tested two different tagsets containing fine and coarse grained composite tags. The obtained results showed good accuracy rates and hence, the benefits of swarm intelligence for the POS-tagging problem.
Comparison of different anthropometric measures in the adult population in Serbia as indicators of obesity: data from the National Health Survey 2013
Authors: Maksimović Miloš Ž , Gudelj Rakić Jelena M , Vlajinac Hristina D , Vasiljević Nadja D , Nikić Marina I , Marinković Jelena M 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to compare different indicators of obesity in the Serbian adult population.DesignCross-sectional study. A stratified, two-stage, national-representative random sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample. Data sources were questionnaires created according to the European Health Interview Survey questionnaire. Measurements of weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were performed using standard procedures. Anthropometric measures included BMI, WC and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).SettingData for the study were obtained from the 2013 National Health Survey, performed in line with the EUROSTAT recommendations for performance of the European Health Interview Survey.SubjectsAdults aged ≥20 years.ResultsAccording to BMI, out of the whole studied population (12 460 adults of both sexes) 2·4 % were underweight, 36·4 % overweight and 22·4 % obese. Using WC and WHtR as measures of adiposity showed that 22·5 % and 42·8 % of participants were overweight and 39·8 % and 25·3 % were obese, respectively. Men and women differed significantly in all variables observed. Overweight was more frequent in men and obesity in women regardless of adiposity measure used.ConclusionsIn spite of strong correlations between BMI, WC and WHtR, substantial discrepancies between these three measures in the assessment of overweight and obesity were found, especially in some age groups. Which of these anthropometric measures should be used, or whether two or all three of them should be applied, depends on their associations with cardiovascular or some other disease of interest.
Health reform in Finland: current proposals and unresolved challenges
Authors: Saltman Richard B. , Teperi Juha 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Finnish health care system is widely respected for its pilot role in creating primary-care-led health systems. In the early 1990s, however, a severe economic downturn in Finland reduced public funding and weakened the Finnish system’s deeply decentralized model of health care administration. Recent Bank of Finland projections forecasting several decades of slow economic growth, combined with the impact of an aging population, appear to make major reform of the existing public system inevitable. Over the last several years, political attention has focused mostly on administrative consolidation inside the public sector, particularly integration of health and social services. Current proposals call for a reformed health sector governance structure based on a new meso-level configuration of public administration. In addition, Finland’s national government has proposed replacing the current multi-channel public funding structure (which includes health insurance subsidies for occupational health services) with a single-channel public funding structure. This commentary examines several key issues involved in reforming the delivery structure of the Finnish health care system. It also explores possible alternative strategies to reform current funding arrangements. The article concludes with a brief discussion of implications from this Finnish experience for the wider health reform debate.
Langzeitfolgen externalisierender Verhaltensauffälligkeiten
Authors: Haller Anne-Catherine , Klasen Fionna , Petermann Franz , Barkmann Claus , Otto Christiane , Schlack Robert , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Externalisierende Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen gehen häufig mit späteren Risikoverhaltensweisen wie Substanzkonsum, Delinquenz und Gewaltbereitschaft sowie finanziellen Problemen einher. Anhand längsschnittlicher Daten einer bundesweiten, populationsbasierten Stichprobe von 12- bis 17-jährigen Kindern und Jugendlichen (N = 629) wird der Zusammenhang zwischen externalisierenden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten (n = 116) und möglichen Langzeitfolgen beschrieben. 27.6 % der Teilnehmenden mit externalisierenden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten wiesen sechs Jahre später riskanten Alkoholkonsum auf, 13.8 % konsumierten illegale Drogen, 19 % zeigten Delinquenz und 41.4 % Gewaltbereitbereitschaft, während 29.3 % von finanziellen Problemen berichteten. Insbesondere Jungen mit externalisierenden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten aus Familien mit niedrigem sozioökonomischem Status standen unter Risiko für späteren riskanten Alkoholkonsum, Delinquenz und Gewaltbereitschaft. Externalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten in Kindheit und Jugend standen unabhängig von Geschlecht, Alter und sozioökonomischem Status in Zusammenhang mit illegalem Drogenkonsum im Erwachsenenalter. Von finanziellen Problemen im Erwachsenenalter waren die älteren Jugendlichen mit niedrigem sozioökonomischem Status betroffen. Bis zu 16.5 % der untersuchten Risikoverhaltensweisen waren dem Vorkommen externalisierender Verhaltensauffälligkeiten geschuldet.
Characterization of a novel large deletion caused by double-stranded breaks in 6-bp microhomologous sequences of intron 11 and 12 of the F13A1 gene
Authors: Thomas Anne , Ivaškevičius Vytautas , Zawadzki Christophe , Goudemand Jenny , Biswas Arijit , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCoagulation Factor XIII is a heterotetrameric protransglutaminase which stabilizes preformed fibrin clots by covalent crosslinking them. Inherited homozygous or compound heterozygous deficiency of coagulation Factor XIII (FXIII) is a rare severe bleeding disorder affecting 1 in 2 million individuals. Most of the patients with inherited FXIII deficiency described in the literature carry F13A1 gene point mutations (missense, nonsense and splice site defects), whereas large deletions (>0.5 kb in size) are underrepresented. In this article we report for the first time the complete characterization of a novel homozygous F13A1 large deletion covering the entire exon 12 in a young patient with a severe FXIII-deficient phenotype from France. Using primer walking on genomic DNA we have identified the deletion breakpoints in the region between g.6.143,016–g.6.148,901 caused by small 6-bp microhomologies at the 5´ and 3´ breakpoints. Parents of the patient were heterozygous carriers. Identification of this large deletion offers the possibility of prenatal diagnosis for the mother in this family who is heterozygous for this deletion.
Hexadecapolar colloids
Authors: Senyuk Bohdan , Puls Owen , Tovkach Oleh M. , Chernyshuk Stanislav B. , Smalyukh Ivan I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOutermost occupied electron shells of chemical elements can have symmetries resembling that of monopoles, dipoles, quadrupoles and octupoles corresponding to filled s-, p-, d- and f-orbitals. Theoretically, elements with hexadecapolar outer shells could also exist, but none of the known elements have filled g-orbitals. On the other hand, the research paradigm of ‘colloidal atoms’ displays complexity of particle behaviour exceeding that of atomic counterparts, which is driven by DNA functionalization, geometric shape and topology and weak external stimuli. Here we describe elastic hexadecapoles formed by polymer microspheres dispersed in a liquid crystal, a nematic fluid of orientationally ordered molecular rods. Because of conically degenerate boundary conditions, the solid microspheres locally perturb the alignment of the nematic host, inducing hexadecapolar distortions that drive anisotropic colloidal interactions. We uncover physical underpinnings of formation of colloidal elastic hexadecapoles and describe the ensuing bonding inaccessible to elastic dipoles, quadrupoles and other nematic colloids studied previously.