bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Obesity Factor: How Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Estimated More Accurately in People with Obesity
Authors: Königstein Karsten , Klenk Christopher , Rossmeissl Anja , Baumann Sandra , Infanger Denis , Hafner Benjamin , Hinrichs Timo , Hanssen Henner , Schmidt‐Trucksäss Arno 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveCardiopulmonary exercise testing is clinically used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The relation to total body mass (TBM) leads to an underestimation of CRF in people with obesity and to inappropriate prognostic and therapeutic decisions. This study aimed to determine body composition‐derived bias in the estimation of CRF in people with obesity.MethodsTwo hundred eleven participants (58.8% women; mean BMI 35.7 kg/m2 [± 6.94; 20.7‐58.6]) were clinically examined, and body composition (InBody720; InBody Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea) and spiroergometrical peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were assessed. The impacts of TBM, lean body mass (LBM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) on CRF estimates were analyzed by the application of respective weight models. Linear regression and plotting of residuals against BMI were performed on the whole study population and two subgroups (BMI < 30 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).ResultsFor every weight model, Δmean VO2peak (expected − measured) was positive. LBM and SMM had a considerable impact on VO2 peak demand (P = 0.001; ΔR2 = 2.3%; adjusted R2 = 56% and P = 0.001; ΔR2= 2.7%; adjusted R2 = 56%), whereas TBM did not. Confounding of body composition on VO2peak did not differ in LBM and SMM.ConclusionsTBM‐adjusted overestimation of relative VO2 demand is much higher in people with obesity than in those without. LBM or SMM adjustment may be superior alternatives, although small residual body composition‐derived bias remains.
Normal aPTT in children with mild factor XI deficiency
Authors: Puetz John , Hugge Christopher , Moser Karen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt has been suggested that persons with factor XI deficiency can have a normal activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). This notion is based on limited data, especially in children. Because of the central role the aPTT plays in diagnostic algorithms for bleeding disorders, it is important to know if a normal aPTT eliminates the need for factor XI activity testing. Our institutional database contains seven children with factor XI deficiency, of whom four have a normal aPTT. This supports the hypothesis that children with factor XI deficiency can have a normal aPTT. Clinicians may wish to consider this evidence when evaluating children with abnormal bleeding.
Green Travel Behavior in Urban China: Influencing Factors and their Effects
Authors: Jia Han 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing number of family cars in China, pollution and traffic jams seriously affect residents' daily lives. Motivating residents to select green travel modes is becoming a major issue. Based on the theory of planned behavior, a framework is developed to identify influencing factors and then examine how these factors affect residential green travel behavior (GTB). An empirical study with 332 valid questionnaires finds that personal factors mediate the relationship between soft environmental factors and green travel intentions (GTIs), whereas hard environmental factors could help GTIs transform into GTB. Such results indicate that the Chinese government needs to improve GTIs by developing related policies and transport systems to motivate people to select green travel modes. GTIs are improved directly by addressing personal factors and indirectly by perfecting green travel policies and campaigns. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
How innovators reframe resources in the strategy‐making process to gain innovation adoption
Authors: Kannan‐Narasimhan Rangapriya (Priya) , Lawrence Barbara S. 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: This multicompany qualitative field study combines strategy process and strategy‐as‐practice perspectives to show how innovators successfully gain adoption for their autonomous innovations by reframing the meaning and potential of the associated internal resources to create fit with their organization's strategy. Mapping the five steps involved in the resource reframing process onto the different parts of the Bower‐Burgelman process model of strategic change shows that innovators can shape the strategic context for their autonomous innovations before external market validation is available. These findings confirm the unique potential and importance of different forms of discourse in shaping the strategic innovation process.Managerial Summary: How do innovators from lower levels of an organization gain approval for their innovations especially when their ideas do not readily fit their organization's strategy? To explore this question, we conducted 138 interviews with innovators and their decision makers in 14 firms based in Silicon Valley. We find that successful innovators shape a story supporting their innovation by rethinking their firm's current and potential resources. They then use this story to convince decision makers that their innovation creates unique competitive advantage. Contrary to conventional wisdom, decision makers approved such innovations even without external validation, solely based on the innovators' success in depicting their reorganization of the firm's resources.
Scope versus speed: Team diversity, leader experience, and patenting outcomes for firms
Authors: Choudhury Prithwiraj , Haas Martine R. 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary:How does the organization of patenting activity affect a firm's patenting outcomes? We investigate how the composition of patenting teams relates to both the scope of their patent applications and the speed with which their patents are approved, by examining the main effects of team members’ intra‐organizational diversity (based on affiliations with formal organizational units and informal organizational communities) and the moderating effects of team leader experience. We test our moderated mediation model in a sample of 121 teams that filed patents in a Fortune 50 company's India R&D center between 2005 and 2015, using proprietary employee data combined with newly released micro‐data from the U.S Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Our findings illuminate the micro‐foundations of innovation in firms by highlighting a trade‐off between organizing patenting activity to maximize scope versus speed.Managerial Summary:Patenting is an important strategic tool that firms can use to protect and create value from their innovations. A firm can benefit from filing a patent application that gives it a wider possible set of claims related to an innovation. It can also benefit from faster approval of a patent application by the Patent Office. However, our study shows that there is a trade‐off between patent application scope and patent approval speed, which creates tensions for the organization of patenting activities inside firms. In particular, we find that the diversity of a patenting team is positively related to patent scope but negatively related to patenting speed, and that these relationships vary with the experience of the team leader.
A Novel Approach to Single Cell RNA-Sequence Analysis Facilitates In Silico Gene Reporting of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Cell Types
Authors: Phillips M. Joseph , Jiang Peng , Howden Sara , Barney Patrick , Min Jee , York Nathaniel W. , Chu Li-Fang , Capowski Elizabeth E. , Cash Abigail , Jain Shivani , Barlow Katherine , Tabassum Tasnia , Stewart Ron , Pattnaik Bikash R. , Thomson James A. , Gamm David M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cell type-specific investigations commonly use gene reporters or single-cell analytical techniques. However, reporter line development is arduous and generally limited to a single gene of interest, while single-cell RNA (scRNA)-sequencing (seq) frequently yields equivocal results that preclude definitive cell identification. To examine gene expression profiles of multiple retinal cell types derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we performed scRNA-seq on optic vesicle (OV)-like structures cultured under cGMP-compatible conditions. However, efforts to apply traditional scRNA-seq analytical methods based on unbiased algorithms were unrevealing. Therefore, we developed a simple, versatile, and universally applicable approach that generates gene expression data akin to those obtained from reporter lines. This method ranks single cells by expression level of a bait gene and searches the transcriptome for genes whose cell-to-cell rank order expression most closely matches that of the bait. Moreover, multiple bait genes can be combined to refine datasets. Using this approach, we provide further evidence for the authenticity of hPSC-derived retinal cell types.
Impacts and Implications of Temperature Variability on Chinook Salmon Egg Development and Emergence Phenology
Authors: Beer W. Nicholas , Steel E. Ashley 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe nonlinear relationship of egg development rates to temperature due to compensatory mechanisms in Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha has consequences for emergence timing in nonoptimal and/or highly variable temperature regimes. A mechanistic model of the relationship between temperature and development was used to better understand laboratory results on the primary effects of temperature variability leading to emergence. The model was then applied to a natural river system and used to predict emergence timing while considering additional factors associated with natural spawning such as an individual spawner's timing, the stock's spawning season, and spawning cue. In the natural system simulations, the largest source of emergence timing variability was due to interannual water temperature regimes and spawning date variation. Lesser emergence variability resulted from temperature variability, family lineage, egg size, individual spawner's timing, and spawning cue. An improved understanding of the role of riverine thermal regimes in inducing developmental variability can contribute to conservation planning and predictions of phenology under future climates.
Stress state of steel plate shear walls under compression–shear combination load
Authors: Lv Yang , Wu Di , Zhu Yuhao , Liang Xiao , Shi Yanchao , Yang Zhen , Li Zhong‐Xian 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis paper investigates the stress state of the infill steel plate for the unstiffened steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) under compression–shear combination load. First, the infill steel plate is divided into three zones, the stress state of each zone under compression is derived, and the accuracy of the analytical model is verified by a series of numerical examples. Second, considering the combination effects of the gravity load and shear force from the adjacent boundary columns, the stress state of each zone is proposed and discussed. Then the shear capacity of the infill steel plate for the unstiffened SPSWs with gravity load acting on the top of the boundary columns is proposed. Finally, the shear capacity of 21 numerical SPSW specimens with various axial stresses of the boundary columns and different steel infill plate thicknesses is predicted.
Stability analysis of large‐span steel truss structure under local cooling from fire extinguishing system
Authors: Zhang Guowei , Zhu Guoqing , Yuan Guanglin , Li Qing 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn case of a fire in large‐span steel structure buildings, the firefighters usually use water to cool the steelwork. However, during the cooling by the spraying water, the collapse of these structures is unclear. In this paper, a large‐span center is taken as an example to study the overall mechanical response process under local cooling conditions in fire. The Fire Dynamics Simulator has been used to investigate the temperature field distribution rule of large‐span buildings under fire. Using the coupled thermal‐mechanical method to study the overall mechanical response process of steel structure under local abrupt drop in temperature, displacement and stress variations of the large‐span steel structure under local cooling have been analyzed. Results of this study show that the temperature distribution in large‐span structures is nonuniform in fire. Using spraying water to cool the structural members in fire can cause the structural stress field redistributed that may lead to further damage to the structure.
Urbanization in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Declining Rates of Chronic and Recurrent Infection and Their Possible Role in the Origins of Non‐communicable Diseases
Authors: Bickler Stephen W. , Wang Andrew , Amin Said , Halbach Jonathan , Lizardo Radhames , Cauvi David M. , De Maio Antonio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundNon‐communicable diseases (NCDs), such as atherosclerosis and cancers, are a leading cause of death worldwide. An important, yet poorly explained epidemiological feature of NCDs is their low incidence in under developed areas of low‐income countries and rising rates in urban areas.MethodsWith the goal of better understanding how urbanization increases the incidence of NCDs, we provide an overview of the urbanization process in sub‐Saharan Africa, discuss gene expression differences between rural and urban populations, and review the current NCD determinant model. We conclude by identifying research priorities.ResultsDeclining rates of chronic and recurrent infection are the hallmark of urbanization in sub‐Saharan Africa. Gene profiling studies show urbanization results in complex molecular changes, with almost one‐third of the peripheral blood leukocyte transcriptome altered. The current NCD determinant model could be improved by including a possible effect from declining rates of infection and expanding the spectrum of diseases that increase with urbanization.ConclusionsUrbanization in sub‐Saharan Africa provides a unique opportunity to investigate the mechanism by which the environment influences disease epidemiology. Research priorities include: (1) studies to define the relationship between infection and risk factors for NCDs, (2) explaining the observed differences in the inflammatory response between rural and urban populations, and (3) identification of animal models that simulate the biological changes that occurs with urbanization. A better understanding of the biological changes that occur with urbanization could lead to new prevention and treatment strategies for some of the most common surgical diseases in high‐income countries.
Correction to: Impact of age at onset and newborn screening on outcome in organic acidurias
Authors: Heringer Jana , Valayannopoulos Vassili , Lund Allan M. , Wijburg Frits A. , Freisinger Peter , Barić Ivo , Baumgartner Matthias R. , Burgard Peter , Burlina Alberto B. , Chapman Kimberly A. , i Saladelafont Elisenda Cortès , Karall Daniela , Mühlhausen Chris , Riches Victoria , Schiff Manuel , Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , Walter John H. , Zeman Jiri , Chabrol Brigitte , Kölker Stefan ,   Additional individual contributors of the E‐IMD consortium
Published: December 2017

AbstractDue to an unfortunate error during the typesetting process, the collaborators were presented incorrectly.
The Beliefs and Intentions of Buridan's Ass
Authors: DELLSÉN FINNUR , SHARADIN NATHANIEL 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT:The moral of Buridan's ass is that it can sometimes be rational to perform one action rather than another even though one lacks stronger reason to do so. Yet, it is also commonly believed that it cannot ever be rational to believe one proposition rather than another if one lacks stronger reason to do so. This asymmetry has been taken to indicate a deep difference between epistemic and practical rationality. According to the view articulated here, the asymmetry should instead be explained by the difference between rational intentions and rational actions. Thus, it turns out, cases such as Buridan's ass do not indicate an asymmetry between epistemic and practical rationality as such.
On the Limits of the Method of Phenomenal Contrast
Authors: FÜRST MARTINA 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT:The method of phenomenal contrast aims to shed light on the phenomenal character of perceptual and cognitive experiences. Within the debate aboutcognitive phenomenology, phenomenal contrast arguments can be divided into two kinds. First, arguments based on actual cases that aim to provide the reader with a first-person experience of phenomenal contrast. Second, arguments that involve hypothetical cases and focus on the conceivability of contrast scenarios. Notably, in the light of these contrast cases, proponents and skeptics of cognitive phenomenology remain steadfast in their views. I provide an explanation of the method's dialectical ineffectiveness by focusing on first-person performances of phenomenal contrast tasks. In particular, I argue that introspective judgments about phenomenology are regimented by the view initially held. Understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for the dialectical standoff in the face of phenomenal contrast cases casts light on introspection-based arguments for phenomenology in general.
Effective high-temperature estimates for intermittent maps
Authors: KLOECKNER BENOÎT R. 
Published: December 2017

Using quantitative perturbation theory for linear operators, we prove a spectral gap for transfer operators of various families of intermittent maps with almost constant potentials (‘high-temperature’ regime). Hölder and bounded $p$-variation potentials are treated, in each case under a suitable assumption on the map, but the method should apply more generally. It is notably proved that for any Pommeau–Manneville map, any potential with Lipschitz constant less than 0.0014 has a transfer operator acting on $\operatorname{Lip}([0,1])$ with a spectral gap; and that for any two-to-one unimodal map, any potential with total variation less than 0.0069 has a transfer operator acting on $\operatorname{BV}([0,1])$ with a spectral gap. We also prove under quite general hypotheses that the classical definition of spectral gap coincides with the formally stronger one used in Giulietti et al [The calculus of thermodynamical formalism. J. Eur. Math. Soc., to appear. Preprint, 2015, arXiv:1508.01297], allowing all results there to be applied under the high-temperature bounds proved here: analyticity of pressure and equilibrium states, central limit theorem, etc.
A Lagrangian fluctuation–dissipation relation for scalar turbulence. Part III. Turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Eyink Gregory L. , Drivas Theodore D. 
Published: December 2017

A Lagrangian fluctuation–dissipation relation has been derived in a previous work to describe the dissipation rate of advected scalars, both passive and active, in wall-bounded flows. We apply this relation here to develop a Lagrangian description of thermal dissipation in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a right-cylindrical cell of arbitrary cross-section, with either imposed temperature difference or imposed heat flux at the top and bottom walls. We obtain an exact relation between the steady-state thermal dissipation rate and the time $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{mix}$ for passive tracer particles released at the top or bottom wall to mix to their final uniform value near those walls. We show that an ‘ultimate regime’ with the Nusselt number scaling predicted by Spiegel (Annu. Rev. Astron., vol. 9, 1971, p. 323) or, with a log correction, by Kraichnan (Phys. Fluids, vol. 5 (11), 1962, pp. 1374–1389) will occur at high Rayleigh numbers, unless this near-wall mixing time is asymptotically much longer than the free-fall time $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{free}$. Precisely, we show that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{mix}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{free}=(RaPr)^{1/2}/Nu,$ with $Ra$ the Rayleigh number, $Pr$ the Prandtl number, and $Nu$ the Nusselt number. We suggest a new criterion for an ultimate regime in terms of transition to turbulence of a thermal ‘mixing zone’, which is much wider than the standard thermal boundary layer. Kraichnan–Spiegel scaling may, however, not hold if the intensity and volume of thermal plumes decrease sufficiently rapidly with increasing Rayleigh number. To help resolve this issue, we suggest a program to measure the near-wall mixing time $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{mix}$, which is precisely defined in the paper and which we argue is accessible both by laboratory experiment and by numerical simulation.
Non-modal stability analysis of the boundary layer under solitary waves
Authors: Verschaeve Joris C. G. , Pedersen Geir K. , Tropea Cameron 
Published: December 2017

In the present work, a stability analysis of the bottom boundary layer under solitary waves based on energy bounds and non-modal theory is performed. The instability mechanism of this flow consists of a competition between streamwise streaks and two-dimensional perturbations. For lower Reynolds numbers and early times, streamwise streaks display larger amplification due to their quadratic dependence on the Reynolds number, whereas two-dimensional perturbations become dominant for larger Reynolds numbers and later times in the deceleration region of this flow, as the maximum amplification of two-dimensional perturbations grows exponentially with the Reynolds number. By means of the present findings, we can give some indications on the physical mechanism and on the interpretation of the results by direct numerical simulation in Vittori & Blondeaux (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 615, 2008, pp. 433–443) and Özdemir et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 731, 2013, pp. 545–578) and by experiments in Sumer et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 646, 2010, pp. 207–231). In addition, three critical Reynolds numbers can be defined for which the stability properties of the flow change. In particular, it is shown that this boundary layer changes from a monotonically stable to a non-monotonically stable flow at a Reynolds number of $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}=18$.
Late Holocene forest contraction and fragmentation in central Africa
Authors: Maley Jean , Doumenge Charles , Giresse Pierre , Mahé Gil , Philippon Nathalie , Hubau Wannes , Lokonda Michel O. , Tshibamba John M. , Chepstow-Lusty Alex 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDuring the warmer Holocene Period, two major climatic crises affected the Central African rainforests. The first crisis, around 4000 cal yr BP, caused the contraction of the forest in favor of savanna expansion at its northern and southern periphery. The second crisis, around 2500 cal yr BP, resulted in major perturbation at the forest core, leading to forest disturbance and fragmentation with a rapid expansion of pioneer-type vegetation, and a marked erosional phase. The major driver of these two climatic crises appears to be rapid sea-surface temperature variations in the equatorial eastern Atlantic, which modified the regional atmospheric circulation. The change between ca. 2500 to 2000 cal yr BP led to a large increase in thunderstorm activity, which explains the phase of forest fragmentation. Ultimately, climatic data obtained recently show that the present-day major rise in thunderstorms and lightning activity in Central Africa could result from some kind of solar influence, and hence the phase of forest fragmentation between ca. 2500 to 2000 cal yr BP may provide a model for the present-day global warming-related environmental changes in this region.