bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent Evolution of Ergothioneine Biosynthesis in Cyanobacteria
Authors: Liao Cangsong , Seebeck Florian P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBiosynthesis of N‐α‐trimethyl‐2‐thiohistidine (ergothioneine) is a frequent trait in cyanobacteria. This sulfur compound may provide essential relief from oxidative stress related to oxygenic photosynthesis. The central steps in ergothioneine biosynthesis are catalyzed by a histidine methyltransferase and an iron‐dependent sulfoxide synthase. In this report, we present evidence that some cyanobacteria recruited and adapted a sulfoxide synthase from a different biosynthetic pathway to make ergothioneine. The discovery of a second origin of ergothioneine production underscores the physiological importance of this metabolite and highlights the evolutionary malleability of the thiohistidine biosynthetic machinery.
Rationale and design of a global registry to evaluate real‐world clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and high risk of stroke treated with left atrial appendage occlusion using the AMPLATZER amulet device—Perspective of available/ongoing registries of catheter‐based LAA occlusion
Authors: Hildick‐Smith David , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Schmidt Boris , Paul Vincent , Settergren Magnus , Teiger Emmanuel , Camm John , Tondo Claudio , Landmesser Ulf 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the rationale and design of a global prospective registry on catheter‐based left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion using the second generation AMPLATZER Amulet LAA occlusion device and to provide a comprehensive perspective on available/ongoing registries for catheter‐based LAA occlusion.BackgroundGiven the increasing clinical application of catheter‐based LAA occlusion, there is an important need for prospective real‐world clinical data regarding this cardiac intervention.MethodsThe Global Amplatzer Amulet LAA registry aims to provide prospective real‐world data from an all‐comer population of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing catheter‐based LAA occlusion for stroke prevention. This observational, prospective, multicenter registry will provide peri‐procedural and long‐term clinical outcome data for catheter‐based LAA occlusion using a second generation LAA occlusion device. The global registry will enroll 1,000 patients at up to 75 institutions. Patients will be followed for 2 years after implantation. Primary endpoints will report procedural and long‐term data on ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, cardiovascular death and major bleeding. The study will involve independent event adjudication and echocardiographic core laboratory evaluation. Long‐term follow‐up data are expected in 2018.ResultsThe Global Amplatzer Amulet LAA registry will collect safety and efficacy information on catheter‐based LAA occlusion. Characteristics of available and ongoing catheter‐based LAA occlusion registries are described.ConclusionsThere is an important need for prospective real‐world clinical data of catheter‐based LAA occlusion given the increasing application of this intervention. The present global real‐world registry will expand our knowledge on peri‐procedural and long‐term outcome of catheter‐based LAA occlusion using a second generation occlusion device.
A systematic review of reported cases of combined transcatheter aortic and mitral valve interventions
Authors: Ando Tomo , Takagi Hisato , Briasoulis Alexandros , Telila Tesfaye , Slovut David P. , Afonso Luis , Grines Cindy L. , Schreiber Theodore 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo summarize the published data of combined transcatheter aortic and mitral valve intervention (CTAMVI).BackgroundCTAMVI, a combination of either transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve‐in‐valve (TAViV) and transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR), transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve/valve‐in‐ring (TMViV/ViR), or percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) is an attractive alternative in high‐surgical risk patients with combined aortic and mitral valve disease. However, its procedural details and clinical outcomes have not been well described.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of all the published articles from PUBMED and EMBASE.ResultsA total of 37 studies with 60 patients were included. The indication for CTAMVI was high or inoperable surgical risk and symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (92%) or severe aortic regurgitation (8%) combined with moderate to severe/severe mitral stenosis (30%) or moderate/severe mitral regurgitation (65%) or both (5%). In majority of the cases, aortic valve intervention was performed prior to the mitral valve. Mortality rate were 25% for TAVR + TMVR (range 42 days to 10 months), 17% for TAVR + TMViV/ViR (range 13 days to 6 months), 0% for TAViV + TMViV/ViR (range 6–365 days), and 15% for TAVR/ViV + PMVR (range 17 days to 419 days). Significant (more than moderate) paravalvular regurgitation post‐procedure was rare.ConclusionsCTAMVI appears to confer reasonable clinical outcome. Further large study is warranted to clarify the optimal strategy, procedural details and clinical outcomes in the future.
Enzymatic Production of Non‐Natural Nucleoside‐5′‐Monophosphates by a Thermostable Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase
Authors: del Arco Jon , Acosta Javier , Pereira Humberto M. , Perona Almudena , Lokanath Neratur K. , Kunishima Naoki , Fernández‐Lucas Jesús 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe use of enzymes as biocatalysts applied to synthesis of modified nucleoside‐5′‐monophosphates (NMPs) is an interesting alternative to traditional multistep chemical methods which offers several advantages, such as stereo‐, regio‐, and enantioselectivity, simple downstream processing, and mild reaction conditions. Herein we report the recombinant expression, production, and purification of uracil phosphoribosyltransferase from Thermus themophilus HB8 (TtUPRT). The structure of TtUPRT has been determined by protein crystallography, and its substrate specificity and biochemical characteristics have been analyzed, providing new structural insights into the substrate‐binding mode. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant protein indicates that the enzyme is a homotetramer, with activity and stability across a broad range of temperatures (50–80 °C), pH (5.5–9) and ionic strength (0–500 mm NaCl). Surprisingly, TtUPRT is able to recognize several 5 and 6‐substituted pyrimidines as substrates. These experimental results suggest TtUPRT could be a valuable biocatalyst for the synthesis of modified NMPs.
Dorsal and ventral parts of thalamic nucleus submedius project to different areas of rat orbitofrontal cortex: A single neuron‐tracing study using virus vectors
Authors: Kuramoto Eriko , Iwai Haruki , Yamanaka Atsushi , Ohno Sachi , Seki Haruka , Tanaka Yasuhiro R. , Furuta Takahiro , Hioki Hiroyuki , Goto Tetsuya 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe rodent orbitofrontal cortex is involved in a variety of cognitive and behavioral functions that require thalamic input to be successfully expressed. Although the thalamic nucleus submedius (Sm) is a major source of afferents to the orbitofrontal cortex, thalamocortical projection from the Sm has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we first divided the rat Sm into dorsal and ventral parts according to the distribution of vesicular glutamate transporter 2‐immunoreactive varicosities, which were somatosensory afferents from the brain stem. Subsequently we investigated dendritic and axonal arborizations of individual dorsal and ventral Sm neurons by visualizing the processes with Sindbis virus vectors expressing membrane‐targeted fluorescent proteins. The number of dendritic processes of ventral Sm neurons was greater than that of dorsal Sm neurons. In the cerebral cortex, all the reconstructed Sm neurons sent axons primarily to layers 2–5. Interestingly, dorsal Sm neurons formed a single axon arbor exclusively within the ventrolateral orbital area, whereas ventral Sm neurons made two axon arbors in the lateral orbital and ventral orbital areas simultaneously. The spread of each axon arbor was 500–1000 µm in diameter in the direction tangential to the cortical surface. These results indicate that the dorsal and ventral Sm comprise two distinct thalamocortical pathways. The dorsal Sm pathway relay somatosensory information to the ventrolateral orbital area and may be involved in emotional and aversive aspects of nociceptive information processing, whereas the ventral Sm pathway seems to co‐activate distant orbitofrontal cortical areas, and may link their functions under certain circumstances.
Covalently Functionalized Nanoparticles of Semiconducting Metal Chalcogenides and Their Attributes
Authors: Vishnoi Pratap , Fatahi Parvin , Barua Manaswee , Bandyopadhyay Arkamita , Pati Swapan K. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCovalent functionalization of the semiconducting chalcogenide nanoparticles ZnS, ZnSe and CdS by reaction with organic halides, specifically iodobenzenes, has been demonstrated. DFT calculations have thrown light on the electronic structure of the functionalized chalcogenides. Chalcogenides with bonded phenyl groups exhibit a long wavelength charge‐transfer band as predicted by theory. Functionalization has been carried out with fluorophores as well. Functionalization of semiconducting chalcogenide particles offers many possibilities for study of their properties and application.
Tunable SERS Platforms from Small Nanoparticle 3D Superlattices: A Comparison between Gold, Silver, and Copper
Authors: Chapus Lionel , Aubertin Pierre , Joiret Suzanne , Lucas Ivan T. , Maisonhaute Emmanuel , Courty Alexa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHerein we present new substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles through an organometallic route allowed us to obtain gold, silver, or copper nanoparticles with well‐controlled shapes and sizes (5–12 nm in diameter). The organization of these nanoparticles into large‐scale 3D superlattices produces a very large number of “hot spots” at the origin of the signal enhancement. Each superlattice was studied individually to correlate its optical and SERS properties to the thickness, the nanoparticle sizes, and the interparticle distance. This experimental and theoretical study provides insights for the optimization and tuning of the SERS activity. Indeed, significant SERS amplification could be observed regardless of the nature of the metal. In addition, the SERS signal was homogeneous at the surface of the superlattices, which opens the route for a new approach in analytical SERS detection.
Cytological and cytomorphometric characteristics of buccal mucosa cells from smokeless tobacco users
Authors: Dagli Adile Ferda , Sahin Nurhan , Bozdag Zehra , Ucer Ozlem , Akatli Ayse Nur , Artas Gokhan , Sahin İbrahim , Yardim Meltem , Dalkilic Semih , Akkoc Ramazan Fazil , Simsek Sercan , Aydin Suleyman 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundUse of smokeless tobacco (ST) is increasing in many communities. We investigated whether ST alters the cytological and cytomorphometric features of buccal mucosa cells.MethodsTwenty male participants who had used Nicotiana rustica Linn.‐containing ST (Maras powder) for at least 10 years, and 20 healthy male controls who did not use ST, were included in this study. After rinsing the mouth with water, samples were taken using a toothbrush from the buccal mucosa of subjects in both groups. Samples were gently spread over a glass slide. After applying a cytofixative spray, the Papanicolaou method was used to stain the slides. The presence of dysplasia, dyskeratosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, karyorrhexis, and pyknosis was evaluated by light microscopy, as were the increment amount of candida, cocco‐bacillus, and Leptotrichia buccalis. Cytomorphometric analysis was performed and at least 20 cells with well‐defined borders were evaluated from each slide, and the cellular diameter (CD), nuclear diameter (ND), and nucleus/cytoplasm (N/C) ratio of the cells were analyzed using a 60× objective.ResultsOther than the presence of dysplasia and candida, all measured cytological parameters were significantly higher in the ST users than in the non‐ST users. Furthermore, CD was lower while nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio was higher in the ST users than in those non‐ST users.ConclusionCytological changes associated with the use of ST, include dyskeratosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, karyorrhexis, pyknosis together with increase in the bacterial population of cocco‐bacillus and L. buccalis. There were no significant differences in patients with dysplasia in spite of reduction of CD, increased nuclear size and N/C ratio.
A follow‐up study on thyroid aspirates reported as atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance and follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm: A multicenter study from the Arabian Gulf region
Authors: Al‐Abbadi Mousa A. , Shareef Sameera Q. , Yousef Mohammad M. , Almasri Nidal M. , Mustafa Huda E. , Aljawad Hameed , Ali Jassim A. , Groves Alan , Alsaihati Yasmen 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThis is a multicenter study which was conducted to evaluate the follow‐up on thyroid aspirate cases with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular cells of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) and follicular neoplasm or suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) using the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytology (TBSRTC).Materials and MethodsThe archival materials of all thyroid fine‐needle aspirates over a 5‐year period were retrieved from 3 institutions in the Arabian Gulf Region. All cytology slides and follow‐up material for cases interpreted as AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN were reviewed. The revised diagnoses and follow‐up were recorded. Analysis of risk of malignancy was calculated for the 2 entities.ResultsA total number of 2592 thyroid fine‐needle aspirates were performed, out of which AUS/FLUS was found in 115 (4.4%) while FN/SFN in 39 (1.5%). Follow‐up by surgery or repeat FNA was conducted on 42 (27%) and 10 (7%) patients on these 2 categories, respectively. The risk of malignancy was found to be 29% and 45%, respectively.ConclusionThe risk of malignancy for AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN are 29% and 45%, respectively. This risk of malignancy in our study is on the higher range of that reported in the literature.
The fauna of freshwater calanoid copepods in Japan in the early decades of the 21st Century: Implications for the assessment and conservation of biodiversity
Authors: Makino Wataru , Tanabe Akifumi S. , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn copepods, morphologically‐indistinguishable but genetically‐different cryptic species complexes are frequently found, such as the Acanthodiaptomus pacificus complex that is commonly found in Japanese lakes and ponds. In the present study, the fauna of Japanese freshwater calanoid copepods were extensively reexamined using molecular techniques, and the autecology of each calanoid species was deduced based on the molecular identifications. Specimens were collected throughout Japan, identified by their morphological diagnostic characteristics, and then sequenced for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCOI). In total, 13 species were found in the present study, and in most cases, only one species was collected from each waterbody. The A. pacificus complex occurred not only in high mountain lakes and pools of mountain moors but also in water bodies on low‐altitude plains. The occurrence of the other species was restricted to low‐altitude waterbodies, which were mostly man‐made irrigation ponds. Heliodiaptomus nipponicus and Neutrodiaptomus formosus, which are endemic to Japan, were found only in irrigation ponds, indicating that artificial waterbodies are currently indispensable to maintain the diversity of Japanese freshwater zooplankton. The results of mtCOI sequencing revealed the existence of putative cryptic species complexes such as Neutrodiaptomus formosus in Japan, and Neodiaptomus schmackeri, Sinodiaptomus sarsi, Heliodiaptomus kikuchii, and Eurytemora affinis across their Asian range. It is thus strongly recommended that any outcome of the freshwater zooplankton monitoring programs always be supplemented with DNA sequences in order to render that outcome sound and reliable also for future studies.
Controlling the object phase for g‐factor reduction in phase‐Constrained parallel MRI using spatially selective RF pulses
Authors: Kettinger Adam O. , Kannengiesser Stephan A. R. , Breuer Felix A. , Vidnyanszky Zoltan , Blaimer Martin 
Published: September 2017

PurposeParallel imaging generally entails a reduction in the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the final image. Phase‐constrained methods aim to improve reconstruction quality by using symmetry properties of k‐space. Noise amplification in phase‐constrained reconstruction depends heavily on the object background phase. The purpose of this work is to present a new approach of using tailored radiofrequency pulses to optimize the object phase distribution in order to maximize the benefit of phase‐constrained reconstruction, and to minimize the noise amplification.MethodsIntrinsic object phase and coil sensitivity profiles are measured in a prescan. Optimal phase distribution is computed to maximize signal‐to‐noise ratio in the given setup. Tailored radiofrequency pulses are designed to introduce the optimal phase map in the following accelerated acquisitions, subsequently reconstructed by phase‐constrained methods. The potential of the method is demonstrated in vivo with in‐plane accelerated (8x) and simultaneous multislice (3x) acquisitions.ResultsMean g‐factors are reduced by up to a factor of 2 compared with conventional techniques when an appropriate phase‐constrained reconstruction is applied to phase‐optimized acquisitions, enhancing the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the final images and the visibility of small details.ConclusionsCombining phase‐constrained reconstruction and phase optimization by tailored radiofrequency pulses can provide notable improvement in the signal‐to‐noise ratio and reconstruction quality of accelerated MRI. Magn Reson Med 79:2113–2125, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Geometric distortion correction in prostate diffusion‐weighted MRI and its effect on quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient analysis
Authors: Nketiah Gabriel , Selnæs Kirsten M , Sandsmark Elise , Teruel Jose R. , Krüger‐Stokke Brage , Bertilsson Helena , Bathen Tone F. , Elschot Mattijs 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of correction for B0 inhomogeneity‐induced geometric distortion in echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted imaging on quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) analysis in multiparametric prostate MRI.MethodsGeometric distortion correction was performed in echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted images (b = 0, 50, 400, 800 s/mm2) of 28 patients, using two b0 scans with opposing phase‐encoding polarities. Histology‐matched tumor and healthy tissue volumes of interest delineated on T2‐weighted images were mapped to the nondistortion‐corrected and distortion‐corrected data sets by resampling with and without spatial coregistration. The ADC values were calculated on the volume and voxel level. The effect of distortion correction on ADC quantification and tissue classification was evaluated using linear‐mixed models and logistic regression, respectively.ResultsWithout coregistration, the absolute differences in tumor ADC (range: 0.0002–0.189 mm2/s×10−3 (volume level); 0.014–0.493 mm2/s×10−3 (voxel level)) between the nondistortion‐corrected and distortion‐corrected were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with distortion distance (mean: 1.4 ± 1.3 mm; range: 0.3–5.3 mm). No significant associations were found upon coregistration; however, in patients with high rectal gas residue, distortion correction resulted in improved spatial representation and significantly better classification of healthy versus tumor voxels (P < 0.05).ConclusionsGeometric distortion correction in DWI could improve quantitative ADC analysis in multiparametric prostate MRI. Magn Reson Med 79:2524–2532, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Ion Mobility‐Enhanced Data‐Independent Acquisitions Enable a Deep Proteomic Landscape of Oligodendrocytes
Authors: Cassoli Juliana S. , Brandão‐Teles Caroline , Santana Aline G. , Souza Gustavo H. M. F. , Martins‐de‐Souza Daniel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOligodendrocytes are a type of neuroglia that provide trophic support and insulation to axons in the central nervous system. The genesis and maturation of oligodendrocytes are essential processes for myelination and the course of CNS development. Using ion mobility‐enhanced, data‐independent acquisitions and 2D‐nanoUPLC fractionation operating at nanoscale flow rates, we established a comprehensive data set of proteins expressed by the human oligodendroglia cell line MO3.13. The final dataset incorporating all fractions comprised 223 531 identified peptides assigned to 10 390 protein hits, an improvement of 4.5 times on identified proteins described previously by our group using the same cell line. Identified proteins play pivotal roles in many biological processes such as cell growth and development and energy metabolism, providing a rich resource for future studies on oligodendrocyte development, myelination, axonal support, and the regulation of such process. Our results can help further studies that use MO3.13 cells as a tool of investigation, not only in relation to oligodendrocyte maturation, but also to diseases that have oligodendrocytes as key players. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004696.
Plasma on large surfaces
Authors: Seyfert Ulf , Fahland Matthias , Bräuer Günter 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Funktionalisierung großer Flächen unterschiedlicher Substrate durch das Aufbringen dünnster Schichten im Vakuum ist eine seit vielen Jahren industriell etablierte Technologie. Verschiedenste Abscheideverfahren kommen hier zum Einsatz. Mittels Plasmaverfahren oder Verdampfung beschichtete Bauteile sind in vielen Bereichen des Lebens zu finden. Durch den hohen Flächendurchsatz derartiger Anlagen und deren hohen Entwicklungsstand sind die vakuumbedingt höheren Anschaffungskosten dieser Anlagen gegenüber atmosphärischen Abscheideverfahren oftmals nicht das bestimmende wirtschaftliche Moment und bieten in vielen Fällen auch die ökologisch nachhaltigere Lösung. Neue Applikationen können auf einem sehr umfangreichen technologischen und industriellen Erfahrungsschatz aufbauen und innerhalb kurzer Zeit in die Produktion überführt werden.