bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘right@home’: a randomised controlled trial of sustained nurse home visiting from pregnancy to child age 2 years, versus usual care, to improve parent care, parent responsivity and the home learning environment at 2 years
Authors: Goldfeld Sharon , Price Anna , Bryson Hannah , Bruce Tracey , Mensah Fiona , Orsini Francesca , Gold Lisa , Hiscock Harriet , Smith Charlene , Bishop Lara , Jackson Dianne , Kemp Lynn 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionBy the time children start school, inequities in learning, development and health outcomes are already evident. Sustained nurse home visiting (SNHV) offers a potential platform for families experiencing adversity, who often have limited access to services. While SNHV programmes have been growing in popularity in Australia and internationally, it is not known whether they can improve children's learning and development when offered via the Australian service system. The right@home trial aims to investigate the effectiveness of an SNHV programme, offered to women from pregnancy to child age 2 years, in improving parent care of and responsivity to the child, and the home learning environment.Methods and analysisPregnant Australian women (n=722) are identified after completing a screening survey of 10 factors known to predict children's learning and development (eg, young pregnancy, poor mental or physical health, lack of support). Consenting women—surveyed while attending clinics at 10 hospitals in Victoria and Tasmania—are enrolled if they report having 2 or more risk factors. The intervention comprises 25 home visits from pregnancy to 2 years, focusing on parent care of the child, responsivity to the child and providing a good quality home learning environment. The standard, universal, Australian child and family health service provides the comparator (control). Primary outcome measures include a combination of parent-reported and objective assessments of children's sleep, safety, nutrition, parenting styles and the home learning environment, including the Home Observation of the Environment Inventory and items adapted from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Royal Children's Hospital Human Research Ethics Committees (HREC 32296) and site-specific HRECs. The investigators and sponsor will communicate the trial results to stakeholders, participants, healthcare professionals, the public and other relevant groups via presentations and publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN89962120, pre-results.
Patient-reported outcomes and associations with pleural effusion in outpatients with heart failure: an observational cohort study
Authors: Gundersen Guri H , Norekvål Tone M , Graven Torbjørn , Haug Hilde H , Skjetne Kyrre , Kleinau Jens O , Gustad Lise T , Dalen Håvard 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesWe aimed to study whether patient-reported outcomes, measured by quality of life (QoL) and functional class, are sensitive to pleural effusion (PLE) in patients with heart failure (HF), and to study changes in QoL and functional class during follow-up of PLE.MethodsA cohort of 62 patients from an outpatient HF clinic was included. The amount of PLE was quantified using a pocket-sized ultrasound imaging device. Self-reports of QoL and functional class were collected using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification.ResultsAt baseline, 26 (42%) patients had PLE of which 19 (31%) patients had moderate to severe amounts of PLE. Patients with no to mild PLE had a lower MLHFQ score (mean 42, SD 21) compared with patients with a moderate to severe amount of PLE (mean 55, SD 24), p=0.03. For 28 patients (45%) with follow-up data, we observed a linear improvement of the MLHFQ-score (3.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.1) with each centimetre reduction of PLE. Correspondingly, patient-reported NYHA-class followed the same pattern as the MLHFQ-score.ConclusionsOur study indicates that patient-reported outcome measures as MLHFQ may be sensitive tools to identify patients with HF at highest risk of symptomatic PLE and that treatment targeting reduction of PLE during follow-up is essential to improvement of QoL and functional capacity of outpatients with HF.Trial registration numberNCT01794715; Results
My Home is My Marae: Kaupapa Māori evaluation of an approach to injury prevention
Authors: Hayward Brooke , Lyndon Mataroria , Villa Luis , Madell Dominic , Elliot-Hohepa Andrea , Le Comte Lyndsay 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the New Zealand Accident Compensation Corporation's (ACC) ‘My Home is My Marae’ approach to injury prevention for whānau (families).SettingOver an 18 month period from November 2013 to June 2014, 14 ‘My Home is My Marae’ trials were conducted across the South Auckland and Far North regions of New Zealand. ACC engaged with local Māori providers of healthcare, education and social services to deliver the home safety intervention.ParticipantsParticipants of this evaluation were a purposive sample of 14 staff from six provider organisations in South Auckland and the Far North regions of New Zealand.MethodsKaupapa Māori theory-based evaluation and appreciative inquiry methodologies underpinned the evaluation. Interview participants led discussions about strengths and weaknesses of the approach, and partnerships with ACC and other organisations. The evaluation was also supported by pre-existing information available in project documentation, and quantitative data collected by Māori providers.ResultsFive key critical success factors of ‘My Home is My Marae’ were found from interviews: mana tangata (reputation, respect and credibility); manākitanga (showing care for people); kānohi-ki-te-kānohi (face-to-face approach); capacity building for kaimahi, whānau and providers and ‘low or no cost’ solutions to hazards in the home. Data collected for the Far North area showed that 76% of the hazards identified could be resolved through ‘low or no cost’ solutions. Unfortunately, similar data were not available for South Auckland.ConclusionsInjury prevention or health promotion approaches that seek to engage with whānau and/or Māori communities would benefit from applying critical success factors of ‘My Home is My Marae’.
Cross-sectional survey on defensive practices and defensive behaviours among Israeli psychiatrists
Authors: Reuveni I , Pelov I , Reuveni H , Bonne O , Canetti L 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivePsychiatry is a low-risk specialisation; however, there is a steady increase in malpractice claims against psychiatrists. Defensive psychiatry (DP) refers to any action undertaken by a psychiatrist to avoid malpractice liability that is not for the sole benefit of the patient's mental health and well-being. The objectives of this study were to assess the scope of DP practised by psychiatrists and to understand whether awareness of DP correlated with defensive behaviours.MethodsA questionnaire was administered to 213 Israeli psychiatry residents and certified psychiatrists during May and June 2015 regarding demographic data and experience with malpractice claims, medicolegal literature and litigation. Four clinical scenarios represented defensive behaviours and reactions (feelings and actions) to malpractice claims.ResultsForty-four (20.6%) certified psychiatrists and four (1.9%) residents were directly involved in malpractice claims, while 132 (62.1%) participants admitted to practising DP. Residents acknowledged the practice of DP more than did senior psychiatrists (p=0.038).Awareness of DP correlated with unnecessary hospitalisation of suicidal patients, increased unnecessary follow-up visits and prescribing smaller drug dosages than required for pregnant women and elderly patients.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that DP is well established in the routine clinical daily practice of psychiatrists. Further studies are needed to reveal whether DP effectively protects psychiatrists from malpractice suits or, rather, if it impedes providing quality psychiatric care and represents an economic burden that leads to more harm for the patient.
Design and reliability of a specific instrument to evaluate patient safety for patients with acute myocardial infarction treated in a predefined care track: a retrospective patient record review study in a single tertiary hospital in the Netherlands
Authors: Eindhoven Daniëlle C , Borleffs C Jan Willem , Dietz Marlieke F , Schalij Martin J , Brouwers Corline , de Bruijne Martine C 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveNumerous studies have shown that a substantial number of patients suffer from adverse events (AEs) as a result of hospital care. However, specific data on AEs in acute cardiac care are scarce. The current manuscript describes the development and validation of a specific instrument to evaluate patient safety of a predefined care track for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).DesignRetrospective patient record review study.Setting and participantsA total of 879 hospital admissions treated in a tertiary care centre for an AMI (age 64±12 years, 71% male).Main outcome measureIn the first phase, the medical records of patients with AMI warranting coronary angiography or coronary intervention were analysed for process deviations. In the second phase, the medical records of these patients were checked for any harm that had occurred which was caused by the healthcare provider or the healthcare organisation (AE) and whether the harm that occurred was preventable.ResultsOf all 879 patients included in the analysis, 40% (n=354) had 1 or more process deviation. Of these 354 patients, 116 (33%) had an AE. Patients with AE experienced more process deviations compared with patients without AE (2±1.7 vs 1.5±0.9 process deviations per patient, p=0.005). Inter-rater reliability in assessing a causal relation of healthcare with the origin of an AE showed a κ of 0.67 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.83).ConclusionsThis study shows that it is possible to develop a reliable method, which can objectively assess process deviations and the occurrence of AEs in a specified population. This method could be a starting point for developing an electronic tracking system for continuous monitoring in strictly predefined care tracks.
Recruitment and retention of participants in randomised controlled trials: a review of trials funded and published by the United Kingdom Health Technology Assessment Programme
Authors: Walters Stephen J , Bonacho dos Anjos Henriques-Cadby Inês , Bortolami Oscar , Flight Laura , Hind Daniel , Jacques Richard M , Knox Christopher , Nadin Ben , Rothwell Joanne , Surtees Michael , Julious Steven A 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundSubstantial amounts of public funds are invested in health research worldwide. Publicly funded randomised controlled trials (RCTs) often recruit participants at a slower than anticipated rate. Many trials fail to reach their planned sample size within the envisaged trial timescale and trial funding envelope.ObjectivesTo review the consent, recruitment and retention rates for single and multicentre randomised control trials funded and published by the UK's National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme.Data sources and study selectionHTA reports of individually randomised single or multicentre RCTs published from the start of 2004 to the end of April 2016 were reviewed.Data extractionInformation was extracted, relating to the trial characteristics, sample size, recruitment and retention by two independent reviewers.Main outcome measuresTarget sample size and whether it was achieved; recruitment rates (number of participants recruited per centre per month) and retention rates (randomised participants retained and assessed with valid primary outcome data).ResultsThis review identified 151 individually RCTs from 787 NIHR HTA reports. The final recruitment target sample size was achieved in 56% (85/151) of the RCTs and more than 80% of the final target sample size was achieved for 79% of the RCTs (119/151). The median recruitment rate (participants per centre per month) was found to be 0.92 (IQR 0.43–2.79) and the median retention rate (proportion of participants with valid primary outcome data at follow-up) was estimated at 89% (IQR 79–97%).ConclusionsThere is considerable variation in the consent, recruitment and retention rates in publicly funded RCTs. Investigators should bear this in mind at the planning stage of their study and not be overly optimistic about their recruitment projections.
Upper-crustal orogenic lid and mid-crustal core complexes: signature of a collapsed orogenic plateau in the hinterland of the Grenville Province 1This article is one of a series of papers published in CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.
Authors: Rivers Toby 
Published: March 2017

This paper provides a re-interpretation of the crustal architecture of the Ottawan hinterland of the Grenville Province in light of published empirical and numerical models of orogenic collapse. It is now seen as a series of high-grade, mid-crustal core complexes from tens to hundreds of kilometres across that are juxtaposed against segments of the lower grade upper and uppermost crust including the orogenic lid. Juxtaposition of such contrasting crustal levels, which exhibit decoupled tectonic styles corresponding to the orogenic infrastructure and suprastructure, respectively, is interpreted as a signature of the foundering of an orogenic plateau into a mid-crustal channel. Ottawan metamorphism progressed from granulite-facies in the mid crust at ∼1090–1050 Ma, through amphibolite-facies in the upper crust at ∼1050–1020 Ma, to heating to ≤500 °C in the uppermost crust at ∼1020–980 Ma. This temporal progression is interpreted to reflect conductive heat transfer during collapse, as hot mid-crustal core complexes were exhumed against successively higher crustal levels. Exhumation was facilitated by substantial thinning and lengthening of the mid crust by simple- and pure-shear mechanisms. This was accompanied by wholesale boudinage of the brittle uppermost crust. Moreover, it may have resulted in excision of part of the ductile upper crust, which appears under-represented. Collapse was accompanied by diverse magmatic and hydrothermal products, their range of structural states implying that high-strain Ottawan deformation in the mid crust took place beneath an orogenic lid that was not penetratively deformed. Preliminary analysis indicates the Grenvillian inliers exhibit a comparable range of crustal levels to the Grenville Province, suggesting the orogenic plateau may have extended ∼5000 km along strike from Labrador to Texas.
Ordovician A-type plutons in the Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia1This article is one of a series of papers published in CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.
Authors: Escarraga E.A. , Barr S.M. , Murphy J.B. , Hamilton M.A. 
Published: March 2017

Previously unrecognized A-type granitoid and gabbroic rocks cover an area of ∼100 km2 in the central Antigonish Highlands in Avalonian northern mainland Nova Scotia. The granitoid rocks in this suite occur, together with minor gabbro, in separate mappable bodies named the Brora Lake, Haggarts Lake, West Barneys River, McGraths Mountain, and Leadbetter Road plutons and are the focus of this study. They are mainly alkali feldspar granite and quartz syenite with varied texture and modal mineralogy. Close spatial association, gradational contact relations, and magma-mingling relationships suggest that all of these rocks, including the gabbro, are coeval. Hence a U–Pb (zircon) age of 469.4 +/– 0.5 Ma obtained for a quartz syenite sample from the Brora Lake pluton is interpreted to indicate a Middle Ordovician age for all of these granitoid and gabbroic rocks. Most granitic and quartz syenitic samples have hypersolvus texture, characterized by strongly perthitic alkali feldspar, and some also contain interstitial granophyre, both features indicative of shallow emplacement. Mafic minerals include iron-rich calcic and calcic–sodic amphibole, hedenbergite, and in some samples fayalite. Most of the rocks have high concentrations of K, Na, P, Ti, and Fe and are alkalic, with agpaitic indices as high as 0.98. Discrimination diagrams indicate that they are A-type granitoid rocks formed in a within-plate extensional setting. Age correlatives of these A-type granitoid and gabbroic rocks are not yet known elsewhere in Avalonia. The available data suggest that this ca. 470 Ma magmatism occurred while Avalonia was a separate microcontinent in the Rheic Ocean.
Tectono-stratigraphic setting of the Moreton’s Harbour Group and its implications for the evolution of the Laurentian margin: Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland1This article is one of a series of papers published in this CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.
Authors: Cutts J.A. , Zagorevski A. , McNicoll V. , Carr S.D. 
Published: March 2017

The Moreton’s Harbour Group lies along the Red Indian Line, the fundamental Iapetus suture that separates rocks of peri-Laurentian affinity with rocks of peri-Gondwanan affinity in the Newfoundland Appalachians. Characterization of age and environment of formation of the Moreton’s Harbour Group is an important constraint on evolution of the Laurentian margin during Ordovician closure of Iapetus Ocean and associated marginal basins. The Moreton’s Harbour Group comprises a fault-bounded ophiolitic sequence of layered gabbro, sheeted diabase, pillow basalt, and felsic intrusive rocks. It is offset by high-angle shear zones that were contemporaneous with a 477.4 ± 0.4 Ma syn-tectonic and syn-magmatic suite of trondhjemite and tonalite. Trace element data from the felsic suite indicate formation in a supra-subduction zone setting, although isotopic data from the felsic intrusive rocks (εNd (–5.02) to (–10.53), Tdm 1200–1800 Ma) indicate a significant amount of contamination from Mesoproterozoic or older continental crust. The age and tectonic setting of the Moreton’s Harbour Group suggest that it is the northernmost extent of the ca. 480 Ma Annieopsquotch Ophiolite Belt. We present a model in which the Moreton’s Harbour Group formed in response to propagation of the Annieopsquotch Ophiolite Belt spreading centre into the Dashwoods microcontinent. This ridge propagation model supports the formation of the Annieopsquotch Ophiolite Belt immediately outboard of Dashwoods and explains its rapid accretion to the composite Laurentian margin.
The Salinic Orogeny in northern New Brunswick: geochronological constraints and implications for Silurian stratigraphic nomenclature1This article is one of a series of papers published in this CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.
Authors: Wilson Reginald A. , Kamo Sandra L. 
Published: March 2017

The Salinic Orogeny is defined to encompass tectonic interactions that affect all elements of Ganderia involved in the closure of the Tetagouche–Exploits back-arc basin between the Late Ordovician and Early Devonian. Hence, the D1 and D2 deformations in the Miramichi Highlands and Elmtree Inlier of northern New Brunswick are Salinic events, and onlap of Lower Silurian rocks onto exhumed parts of the Brunswick Subduction Complex represents the earliest (Salinic A) of three Silurian unconformities in the region. Upper Ordovician to Lower Silurian rocks of the Matapédia successor basin contain widespread evidence of Middle Silurian tectonism (e.g., disconformities, angular unconformities, and fold interference patterns) created by Devonian overprinting of Silurian folds lacking axial planar cleavage (Salinic B). Recent U–Pb radioisotopic dating of chemically abraded zircon from rhyolite just above the Salinic B unconformity has yielded an age of 422.3 ± 0.3 Ma; combined with late Early Silurian fossil ages just below the unconformity, this indicates a ca. 5 million year Middle Silurian hiatus. Finally, Upper Silurian (Ludfordian) rocks are locally disconformably overlain by polymictic conglomerates that form the base of the Devonian section (Salinic C). All Silurian rocks in northeastern New Brunswick have historically been included in the Chaleurs Group; however, unconformities and local stratigraphic variations (especially compared with the type locality) support the introduction of new higher rank names in New Brunswick. Hence, the Quinn Point Group is introduced to incorporate Lower Silurian rocks, the Petit Rocher Group to include Upper Silurian sedimentary rocks in the Nigadoo River Syncline, and the Dickie Cove Group for Upper Silurian volcanic rocks in the Charlo – Jacquet River area. Upper Silurian rocks west of Campbellton that are contiguous with the Chaleurs Group in Quebec, will remain part of the Chaleurs Group.
Tumor Cell–Free DNA Copy Number Instability Predicts Therapeutic Response to Immunotherapy
Authors: Weiss Glen J. , Beck Julia , Braun Donald P. , Bornemann-Kolatzki Kristen , Barilla Heather , Cubello Rhiannon , Quan Walter , Sangal Ashish , Khemka Vivek , Waypa Jordan , Mitchell William M. , Urnovitz Howard , Schütz Ekkehard 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurpose: Chromosomal instability is a fundamental property of cancer, which can be quantified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) from plasma/serum–derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA). We hypothesized that cfDNA could be used as a real-time surrogate for imaging analysis of disease status as a function of response to immunotherapy and as a more reliable tool than tumor biomarkers.Experimental Design: Plasma cfDNA sequences from 56 patients with diverse advanced cancers were prospectively collected and analyzed in a single-blind study for copy number variations, expressed as a quantitative chromosomal number instability (CNI) score versus 126 noncancer controls in a training set of 23 and a blinded validation set of 33. Tumor biomarker concentrations and a surrogate marker for T regulatory cells (Tregs) were comparatively analyzed.Results: Elevated CNI scores were observed in 51 of 56 patients prior to therapy. The blinded validation cohort provided an overall prediction accuracy of 83% (25/30) and a positive predictive value of CNI score for progression of 92% (11/12). The combination of CNI score before cycle (Cy) 2 and 3 yielded a correct prediction for progression in all 13 patients. The CNI score also correctly identified cases of pseudo-tumor progression from hyperprogression. Before Cy2 and Cy3, there was no significant correlation for protein tumor markers, total cfDNA, or surrogate Tregs.Conclusions: Chromosomal instability quantification in plasma cfDNA can serve as an early indicator of response to immunotherapy. The method has the potential to reduce health care costs and disease burden for cancer patients following further validation. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5074–81. ©2017 AACR.
The Epitranscriptome of Noncoding RNAs in Cancer
Authors: Esteller Manel , Pandolfi Pier Paolo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The activity of RNA is controlled by different types of post-transcriptional modifications, such as the addition of methyl groups and other chemical and structural changes, that have been recently described in human cells by high-throughput sequencing. Herein, we will discuss how the so-called epitranscriptome is disrupted in cancer and what the contribution of its writers, readers, and erasers to the process of cellular transformation is, particularly focusing on the epigenetic modifications of ncRNAs.
Significance: Chemical modifications of RNA play a central role in the control of messenger and ncRNA activity and, thus, are tightly regulated in cells. In this review, we provide insight into how these marks are altered in cancer cells and how this knowledge can be translated to the clinical setting. Cancer Discov; 7(4); 359–68. ©2017 AACR.