bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Read Scheme for Large Size One-Resistor Resistive Random Access Memory Array
Authors: Zackriya Mohammed , Kittur Harish M. , Chin Albert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe major issue of RRAM is the uneven sneak path that limits the array size. For the first time record large One-Resistor (1R) RRAM array of 128x128 is realized, and the array cells at the worst case still have good Low-/High-Resistive State (LRS/HRS) current difference of 378 nA/16 nA, even without using the selector device. This array has extremely low read current of 9.7 μA due to both low-current RRAM device and circuit interaction, where a novel and simple scheme of a reference point by half selected cell and a differential amplifier (DA) were implemented in the circuit design.
Genome-wide identification of the TIFY gene family in three cultivated Gossypium species and the expression of JAZ genes
Authors: Sun Quan , Wang Guanghao , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Xiangrui , Qiao Peng , Long Lu , Yuan Youlu , Cai Yingfan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTIFY proteins are plant-specific proteins containing TIFY, JAZ, PPD and ZML subfamilies. A total of 50, 54 and 28 members of the TIFY gene family in three cultivated cotton species—Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium arboretum—were identified, respectively. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that these TIFY genes were divided into eight clusters. The different clusters of gene family members often have similar gene structures, including the number of exons. The results of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that different JAZ genes displayed distinct expression patterns in the leaves of upland cotton under treatment with Gibberellin (GA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), Jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Different groups of JAZ genes exhibited different expression patterns in cotton leaves infected with Verticillium dahliae. The results of the comparative analysis of TIFY genes in the three cultivated species will be useful for understanding the involvement of these genes in development and stress resistance in cotton.
Preclinical evaluation of bacterially produced RSV-G protein vaccine: Strong protection against RSV challenge in cotton rat model
Authors: Fuentes Sandra , Klenow Laura , Golding Hana , Khurana Surender 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn current study, we evaluated the safety and protective efficacy of recombinant unglycosylated RSV G protein ectodomain produced in E. coli (in presence and absence of oil-in-water adjuvant) in a preclinical RSV susceptible cotton rat challenge model compared to formaldehyde inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) and live RSV experimental infection. The adjuvanted G protein vaccine induced robust neutralization antibody responses comparable to those generated by live RSV infection. Importantly, adjuvanted G protein significantly reduced viral loads in both the lungs and nose at early time points following viral challenge. Antibody kinetics determined by Surface Plasmon Resonance showed that adjuvanted G generated 10-fold higher G-binding antibodies compared to non-adjvuanted G vaccine and live RSV infection, which correlated strongly with both neutralization titers and viral load titers in the nose and lungs post-viral challenge. Antibody diversity analysis revealed immunodominant antigenic sites in the N- and C-termini of the RSV-G protein, that were boosted >10-fold by adjuvant and inversely correlated with viral load titers. Enhanced lung pathology was observed only in animals vaccinated with FI-RSV, but not in animals vaccinated with unadjuvanted or adjuvanted RSV-G vaccine after viral challenge. The bacterially produced unglycosylated G protein could be developed as a protective vaccine against RSV disease.
Unbiased K-mer Analysis Reveals Changes in Copy Number of Highly Repetitive Sequences During Maize Domestication and Improvement
Authors: Liu Sanzhen , Zheng Jun , Migeon Pierre , Ren Jie , Hu Ying , He Cheng , Liu Hongjun , Fu Junjie , White Frank F. , Toomajian Christopher , Wang Guoying 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe major component of complex genomes is repetitive elements, which remain recalcitrant to characterization. Using maize as a model system, we analyzed whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequences for the two maize inbred lines B73 and Mo17 using k-mer analysis to quantify the differences between the two genomes. Significant differences were identified in highly repetitive sequences, including centromere, 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), knob, and telomere repeats. Genotype specific 45S rDNA sequences were discovered. The B73 and Mo17 polymorphic k-mers were used to examine allele-specific expression of 45S rDNA in the hybrids. Although Mo17 contains higher copy number than B73, equivalent levels of overall 45S rDNA expression indicates that transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms operate for the 45S rDNA in the hybrids. Using WGS sequences of B73xMo17 doubled haploids, genomic locations showing differential repetitive contents were genetically mapped, which displayed different organization of highly repetitive sequences in the two genomes. In an analysis of WGS sequences of HapMap2 lines, including maize wild progenitor, landraces, and improved lines, decreases and increases in abundance of additional sets of k-mers associated with centromere, 45S rDNA, knob, and retrotransposons were found among groups, revealing global evolutionary trends of genomic repeats during maize domestication and improvement.
Optimal designs of mollusk shells from bivalves to snails
Authors: Okabe Takuya , Yoshimura Jin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBivalve, ammonite and snail shells are described by a small number of geometrical parameters. Raup noted that the vast majority of theoretically possible shell forms do not occur in nature. The constraint factors that regulate the biased distribution of natural form have long since been an open problem in evolution. The problem of whether natural shell form is a result of optimization remains unsolved despite previous attempts. Here we solve this problem by considering the scaling exponent of shell thickness as a morphological parameter. The scaling exponent has a drastic effect on the optimal design of shell shapes. The observed characteristic shapes of natural shells are explained in a unified manner as a result of optimal utilization of shell material resources, while isometric growth in thickness leads to impossibly tight coiling.
In-situ Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy of Mg Electrodeposition at Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces
Authors: Wu Yimin A. , Yin Zuwei , Farmand Maryam , Yu Young-Sang , Shapiro David A. , Liao Hong-Gang , Liang Wen-I , Chu Ying-Hao , Zheng Haimei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe report the study of Mg cathodic electrochemical deposition on Ti and Au electrode using a multimodal approach by examining the sample area in-situ using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Magnesium Aluminum Chloride Complex was synthesized and utilized as electrolyte, where non-reversible features during in situ charging-discharging cycles were observed. During charging, a uniform Mg film was deposited on the electrode, which is consistent with the intrinsic non-dendritic nature of Mg deposition in Mg ion batteries. The Mg thin film was not dissolvable during the following discharge process. We found that such Mg thin film is hexacoordinated Mg compounds by in-situ STXM and XAS. This study provides insights on the non-reversibility issue and failure mechanism of Mg ion batteries. Also, our method provides a novel generic method to understand the in situ battery chemistry without any further sample processing, which can preserve the original nature of battery materials or electrodeposited materials. This multimodal in situ imaging and spectroscopy provides many opportunities to attack complex problems that span orders of magnitude in length and time scale, which can be applied to a broad range of the energy storage systems.
Mechanism study on the sulfidation of ZnO with sulfur and iron oxide at high temperature
Authors: Han Junwei , Liu Wei , Zhang Tianfu , Xue Kai , Li Wenhua , Jiao Fen , Qin Wenqing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe mechanism of ZnO sulfidation with sulfur and iron oxide at high temperatures was studied. The thermodynamic analysis, sulfidation behavior of zinc, phase transformations, morphology changes, and surface properties were investigated by HSC 5.0 combined with FactSage 7.0, ICP, XRD, optical microscopy coupled with SEM-EDS, and XPS. The results indicate that increasing temperature and adding iron oxide can not only improve the sulfidation of ZnO but also promote the formation and growth of ZnS crystals. Fe2O3 captured the sulfur in the initial sulfidation process as iron sulfides, which then acted as the sulfurizing agent in the late period, thus reducing sulfur escape at high temperatures. The addition of carbon can not only enhance the sulfidation but increase sulfur utilization rate and eliminate the generation of SO2. The surfaces of marmatite and synthetic zinc sulfides contain high oxygen due to oxidation and oxygen adsorption. Hydroxyl easily absorbs on the surface of iron-bearing zinc sulfide (Zn1−xFexS). The oxidation of synthetic Zn1−xFexS is easier than marmatite in air.
GLCCI1 rs37973: a potential genetic predictor of therapeutic response to inhaled corticosteroids in Chinese chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Lei Yuan , Gao Yiping , Chen Jinkun , Li Miao , Wu Xiaomei , Ning Qin , Zhao Jianping , Xiong Weining , Xu Yongjian , Xie Jungang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are widely prescribed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about predictors of ICSs therapeutic response. To investigate whether the variation in glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1) rs37973 is associated with ICS efficacy. A total of 204 clinically stable COPD patients were recruited and administered to inhaled fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination (500/50 ug, twice daily) for 24 weeks. We genotyped the functional rs37973 and mainly assessed its effects on changes in lung function.In vitro, neutrophils isolated from parts of patients were incubated with various concentrations of dexamethasone (0, 10−6 M and 10−4 M) in the presence or absence of cigarette smoke extract, apoptosis was then assessed by flow cytometry. Patients with the homozygous GG genotype (increases of 15.3 ± 33.2 mL) had significantly poorer improvement in FEV1than those with the AA (92.7 ± 29.6 mL;p < 0.001) or AG (59.4 ± 26.9 mL;p < 0.001) genotypes after 24-week treatment.In vitro, dexamethasone had less inhibitory effect of neutrophil apoptosis on GG genotype, which further validated the presence of mutant allele ‘G’ might negatively affect glucocorticoid responsiveness irrespective of smoking status. The GG genotype of rs37973 may associated with decreased ICSs efficacy in Chinese COPD patients.
Performance evaluation of loop‐type ground radiation antenna based on its optimum impedance level
Authors: Zahid Z. , Kim H. 
Published: February 2017

The performance of a loop‐type ground radiation antenna was analysed based on its impedance level for an arbitrary location on the ground plane. At the corner of the ground plane, the open capacitor configuration (i.e. the PIFA type antenna) shows better performance, whereas the loop‐type antenna with a capacitor and shorted inductor is a better choice at the middle of the ground plane. The optimum value of the impedance level of the antenna determines the antenna performance for an arbitrary location on the ground plane is proposed. The idea was demonstrated using a 10 × 4.5 mm loop‐type antenna, which was fabricated on the 50 × 25 mm ground plane. The design is intended for mobile device applications operating in the Bluetooth band.
Epstein–Barr Virus-Induced Mononucleosis as an Imitator of Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Staley S. , Smid Marcela , Dotters-Katz Sarah , Stringer Elizabeth 
Published: February 2017

Background In pregnancy, conditions presenting with hematologic abnormalities, transaminitis, and proteinuria pose diagnostic challenges in pregnancy.
Case We present the case of an 18-year-old woman, G1P0, at 33 weeks' gestation with fever of unknown cause, who developed progressively elevated liver enzymes, proteinuria, and thrombocytopenia, due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection.
Conclusion Acute infection with EBV should be included in the differential diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe features, particularly in the setting of fever. Supportive treatment and observation may prevent iatrogenic preterm birth.
New Mitral Annuloplasty Ring Enables Oversizing of Transcatheter Heart Valve and Prevents Central or Paravalvular Leakage
Authors: Sinning Jan-Malte , Welz Armin , Mellert Fritz , Duerr Georg 
Published: February 2017

Background Transcatheter valve-in-ring strategies have been developed to treat recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR) after failing surgical annuloplasty. However, suboptimal THV expansion with consecutive paravalvular leakage (PVL) is a procedure-immanent issue.
Methods A rigid, saddle-shaped ring was cut at four locations. The segments were reconnected with pull-springs, rearranged to the original shape, and covered with a sewing cuff. The length of the annuloplasty ring construct, including extended pull-springs, was defined by the perimeter of an appropriate THV. We deployed a Sapien XT within the new ring, expanded it to its maximum extent, and investigated the geometrical changes.
Results Fluoroscopy confirmed oval, saddle-shaped ring before dilation. After THV implantation, the ring segments spread apart and pull-springs were stretched. The extended ring changed its configuration from “oval” to “round” and anchored the THV leaving no paravalvular or central gaps as potential source for PVL.
Conclusion We developed an expandable annuloplasty ring that is perfectly concerted to THV implantation. This proof-of-concept study revealed no PVL and good oversizing ability that might impact future annuloplasty ring design. Further studies have to evaluate durability and device safety.
Surgical Removal of Circumferentially Leaked Polymethyl Methacrylate in the Epidural Space of the Thoracic Spine after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty
Authors: Kita Kenichiro , Takata Yoichiro , Higashino Kosaku , Yamashita Kazuta , Tezuka Fumitake , Sakai Toshinori , Nagamachi Akihiro , Sairyo Koichi 
Published: February 2017

Background The major complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is epidural leakage of PMMA that damages the spinal cord.
Methods This is a case report.
Result A 77-year-old man presented to our institution with a 6-month history of muscle weakness and an intolerable burning sensation of both lower limbs after PVP with PMMA for thoracic compression fracture at T7 at another hospital. His past medical history was significant for hypertension. He had no history of smoking and alcohol. Computed tomography revealed massive leakage of PMMA into the T6 and T7 spinal canal circumferentially surrounding the spinal cord that caused marked encroachment of the thecal sac. Magnetic resonance images revealed cord compression and intramedullary signal change from T6 to T7 level. After we verified that the leaked PMMA could be easily detached from the dura mater in the cadaveric lumbar spine, surgical decompression and removal of epidural PMMA was performed. The leaked PMMA was carefully thinned down with a high-speed diamond burr. Eight pieces of PMMA were detached from the dura mater easily without causing a dural tear. No neurologic deterioration was observed in the postoperative period. The burning sensation resolved, but the muscle weakness remained unchanged. One and a half years postoperatively, the muscle weakness has improved to ⅘ on the manual muscle strength test, but he could not walk without an aid because of spasticity.
Conclusion This report demonstrates the catastrophic epidural extrusion of PMMA following PVP. Extravasated PMMA can be removed through a working space created by means of laminectomy and subtraction of the affected pedicle. Spine surgeons should recognize the possible neurologic complications of PVP and be prepared to treat them using suitable approaches.
Neurotrauma in Old Aged: A Study from India
Authors: Munivenkatappa Ashok , Kumar Vineet , Bhandarkar Prashant , Roy Nobhojit , Kamble Jyoti , Agrawal Amit 
Published: February 2017

Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in all the age groups. In India with increased life expectancy and more active old-aged population, basic details of neurotrauma in old aged are limited. The aim of the present study is to determine injury pattern and factors influencing outcome of the neurotrauma in old-aged patients, and also to contribute to national trauma data.
Methods The study is based on prospective observational registry Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes (TITCO) database collected from four Indian government hospitals during October 1, 2013 to September 30, 2015. Data of neurotrauma patients aged 60 years or older were considered for analysis. SPSS version 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data with significance level of p < 0.05.
Results Old-aged patients contributed for 1,629 (10.2%) of total neurotrauma data. Men were 2.4 times higher than women, but mortality was almost same in both the sexes. Approximately 860 (53%) of injuries were due to falls and 490 (30%) due to road traffic accidents (RTA). Approximately 708 (44%) of subjects patients had moderate to severe brain injuries. Approximately 1,136 (70%) of patients required CT scan and 435 (27%) of patients underwent brain surgery. Approximately 588 (36%) of patients expired during study period. There was significant (p = 0.0001) difference between mortality of old-aged and productive age group (19–59 years). The deaths between the two groups differed significantly (p = 0.0001) among sex, injury cause, severity, requirement of CT scan, and surgery.
Conclusion Our study highlights that geriatric TBI is a significant phenomenon and reflects our national data. Possible risk factors associated with deaths are identified in our population. More research is needed to develop specific management and preventive protocols.
Gastric ESD may be useful as accurate staging and decision of future therapeutic strategy
Authors: Fujimoto Ai , Goto Osamu , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Ochiai Yasutoshi , Horii Joichiro , Maehata Tadateru , Akimoto Teppei , Kinoshita Satoshi , Sagara Seiji , Sasaki Motoki , Uraoka Toshio , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims We sometimes perform gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for total pathologic diagnosis when preoperative diagnosis is difficult. In the present study we analyzed the treatment outcomes and adverse events of diagnostic ESD for early gastric cancer (EGC).
Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 18 consecutive cases of EGC in 18 patients with a suspected out-of-indication diagnosis who underwent diagnostic ESD, between June 2010 and November 2014. The following parameters were examined: the average length of the longer axis of the lesion; the procedure time; the rates of en bloc resection (ER), complete en bloc resection (CER), and curative resection (CR) as treatment outcomes; and the rates of perforation, delayed bleeding, aspiration pneumonia, disease-related death, and emergency surgery as adverse events.
Results The treatment outcomes were as follows: average length of the longer axis of the lesion, 27.4 ± 10.0 mm; procedure time, 87.0 ± 43.1 minutes; ER rate, 18/18 (100.0 %); CER rate, 13/18 (72.2 %); CR rate, 4/18 (22.2 %). CR rate was achieved 37.5 % for the lesions which preoperative diagnosis was more than 30 mm (> 30 mm) in diameter differentiated type with mucosal layer/submucosal layer 1 invasion and ulceration positive. The adverse events (AEs) were perforation in 1 of 18 (5.5 %) patients and delayed bleeding in 1 of 18 (5.5 %). There were no other AEs.
Conclusions Diagnostic ESD may be acceptable for future therapeutic strategy when we unconfirmed the pre ESD diagnosis because of lower rate of adverse events and high rate of ER.
Bildgebung der intraskleralen Kammerwasserabflusswege – neue Einblicke für die Trabekelwerkschirurgie
Authors: van Oterendorp C. 
Published: February 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Kammerwasserabflusswege distal des Trabekelmaschenwerks (TMW) sind in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in den Fokus der Forschung geraten. Sie umfassen den Schlemm-Kanal, die Kollektorkanäle sowie den intraskleralen Venenplexus. Ihr Beitrag zum gesamten Abflusswiderstand des Kammerwassers wird auf 25–50 % geschätzt. Mit der zunehmenden Anwendung (minimalinvasiver) Trabekelwerkschirurgie kommt den distalen Abflusswegen eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Sie beeinflussen maßgeblich den nach chirurgischer Eröffnung des TMW erreichbaren intraokularen Druck. Die morphologische und funktionelle Darstellung der distalen Abflusswege ist wegen ihrer teils tief intraskleralen Lage und des geringen Gefäßdurchmessers eine besondere Herausforderung. In diesem Artikel werden Fortschritte in der OCT-Bildgebung, der Fluoreszenzkanalografie sowie neue Ansätze, wie OCT-Kontrastmittel und MRT-Flussmessungen, vorgestellt. Zusammen mit klinischen Daten unterstützen sie das Paradigma eines sektoriell unterschiedlichen Abflusses. Die verbesserten Bildgebungsmodalitäten bieten zudem die Perspektive einer prä- oder intraoperativen Diagnostik, um mit der Trabekelwerkschirurgie gezielt an Bereichen, die eine Abflusssteigerung versprechen, anzusetzen.
On quantity and quality in syntactic variation studies
Authors: Thráinsson Höskuldur 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses some methodological issues in variation studies, drawing mainly on experience gathered in work on syntactic variation in Insular Scandinavian. First, it demonstrates the importance of having a large number of informants if you want to get a reliable picture of the distribution of certain variants or the ongoing development behind syntactic variation. Second, it is shown that different elicitation methods, e.g. absolute vs. relative judgments, can complement each other since they do not always yield the same kind of information. Third, the paper gives a partial answer to the question whether Faroese is moving towards Mainland Scandinavian.
Variation in oblique subject constructions in Insular Scandinavian
Authors: Eythórsson Thórhallur , Thráinsson Höskuldur 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This chapter reviews the division of morphological case into structural case and lexical case and the latter in turn into regular (thematic) and idiosyncratic case (Yip, Maling and Jackendoff 1987). The Case Directionality Hypothesis (Eythórsson 2002, 2015b) states that historical development of case is predictable if one assumes this division: structural case replaces lexical case and idiosyncratic lexical case will yield to regular (thematic) lexical case. This hypothesis is tested on data which were collected in projects on variation in subject case in Icelandic and Faroese. It is concluded that the development of subject case in Icelandic and Faroese is to a significant degree in accordance with the predictions of the CDH, but interesting exceptions are also described and discussed.