bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THINKING HISTORICALLY ABOUT THINKING HISTORICALLY: IS HISTORICAL THEORY A HISTORICAL OR A METAHISTORICAL PRACTICE?
Authors: Toews John E. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis intimidating and massive collection of twenty‐nine extended, diverse essays by distinguished scholars, organized around the general theme of the current state and future direction of historical theory, raises some fundamental questions about historical theory as practiced over the past half century as well as about the distinctive nature of historical theory within the broader context of the production of historical knowledge. The editors of the volume suggest that the postmodern linguistic turn in historical theory, especially as articulated by Hayden White and Michel Foucault, marked a decisive, epochal turning‐point in human historical self‐consciousness, the attainment of a mature stage of autonomous metahistorical reflection on the essential nature of what it means to be historical, on historicity per se. What came before is imagined as a series of preliminary stages, what came after as a working out of implications and consequences. I suggest that a close reading of the implicit and explicit arguments of the individual essays reveals a rather different kind of historical moment, one in which postmodern historical theory has increasingly been demystified of its alleged metahistorical status, and has emerged as a situated object of historical reflection and thus has itself become increasingly defined as historical, recognized in its particularity as a temporally and culturally framed form of historical knowledge.
DEPROVINCIALIZING THE STUDY OF EUROPEAN IDEAS: A CRITIQUE
Authors: Specter Matthew 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThough the fourteen contributors to this volume bring varied perspectives on method, most striking is their common engagement with contextualist approaches. While some of the essays advocate a temporally and spatially extended, renewed history of ideas with debts to Arthur Lovejoy, and are critical of excessive contextualization, several either defend contextualism, or the culture concept, or offer a more robust materialist foundation for the history of thought and culture. This review focuses on the logic and metaphors used to criticize contextual methods and highlights problems with both the new history of ideas and the new materialist gestures.
Foreign Language Skills and Willingness to Move: The Case of a Spanish Region
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez César , Canal‐Domínguez Juan Francisco 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis research is aimed at assessing the effect of foreign language skills on the geographical area selected by the Spanish unemployed when looking for a job. A Zero‐Inflated Ordered Probit (ZIOP) model has been estimated to analyse the impact of foreign language skills on the geographical scope of the search. The outcomes show that the job search area is broader in case of men, young unemployed, more educated people, and those who never received unemployment benefits. Likewise, foreign language skills (in English, German and French) are highlighted as one of the most influencing factors when widening the job search area.
The Short Term Effects of Immigrant Students on the Educational Achievements of Native‐Born Students
Authors: Chachashvili‐Bolotin Svetlana , Lissitsa Sabina , Shavit Yossi , Ayalon Hanna 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSince 1989 nearly one million immigrants from the FSU have arrived in Israel. Although well‐educated on average, most of these immigrants lacked economic means. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether the presence of immigrants in schools affected the educational achievements of their Israeli‐born peers. We analyzed data pertaining to 8,288 Israeli tenth graders who attended 208 schools in 1994. Respondents' records were obtained from the Ministry of Education and the Bureau of the Census. Using hierarchical models we examined the effects of the proportion of immigrant students in a school and of their parents' education on the probability that Israeli‐born students in the school would earn matriculation certificates. Results did not yield evidence of any negative spillover effects on the educational achievements of the native students. Moreover, the presence of many immigrant students with high educational backgrounds increased the likelihood of Israeli‐born students earning matriculation certificates.
Effect of Salinity on Growth Parameters, Soil Water Potential and Ion Composition in Cucumis melo cv. Huanghemi in North‐Western China
Authors: Tedeschi A. , Zong L. , Huang C. H. , Vitale L. , Volpe M. G. , Xue X. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA field trial conducted on the melon cultivar Huanghemi irrigated with saline water was carried out in Minqin County in the 2‐year period, 2007 and 2008. In three irrigation treatments, different saline water concentrations were applied, that is 0.8 g l−1 (Control C), 2 g l−1 (Treatment S1) and 5 g l−1 (Treatment S2), reproducing the natural groundwater concentration in the county. The electrical conductivity of the saline water was as follows: 1.00, 2.66 and 7.03 dS m−1, respectively. The aims of the study were (i) to monitor water consumption and water potential, (ii) assess, during the whole crop cycle, some growth parameters and their relations for estimating the morpho‐functional plant response irrigated with saline water and (iii) determine the ion concentration in different plant tissues to evaluate which mechanism the plant activates in the presence of high salt concentrations.Under salinity stress, the plants sustained the concentration of Ca, Mg and K, but at a level not sufficient to limit the Na adsorption. Therefore, the melon yield decreased and it was determined by a displacement of the ratio K/Na and by a lower (total potential MPa). Consequently with increasing salinity, a significant reduction was observed in: water consumption (ETc, mm), leaf area duration (LAD, m2 d), on shoot dry weight aboveground (W, g plant−1), on specific leaf area (SLA, cm2 g−1) and on leaf area ratio (LAR, cm2 g−1). In treatment S2, in addition to these changes which mainly affected the plant morphology with effects on the biomass produced, a moderate reduction was also observed in net assimilation rate (NAR, g m−2 d−1), water use efficiency (WUE), a significant reduction in the energy conversion efficiency (ECE, %) and, in short, in a reduction in the relative growth rate (RGR, g g−1 d−1).
Investigating the concept of rest for research and practice
Authors: Bernhofer Esther I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo report an analysis of the concept of rest; to determine the conceptual maturity (consistent use and meaning) of rest in the current scientific literature and to present a theoretical definition of rest, providing a strong basis for research and practice.BackgroundRest is a physical, mental and spiritual human need, common to all humanity, and is frequently prescribed around the world as a treatment for many maladies. Yet the concept of rest remains subjective, is vaguely defined and is often confused with sleep, limiting its utility for research and practice. Without a clear definition and understanding of rest and its parameters, its restorative benefits may not be realized and the advice to rest, based on little evidence, has limited usefulness and unknown risks.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesThe scientific, peer‐reviewed literature of five healthcare disciplines whose practitioners recommend rest for their patients were queried: nursing, medicine, physical therapy, psychology and occupational therapy. Twenty‐seven articles published between 1970–2015 were included.MethodsThe Morse criterion‐based method of concept investigation was used.ResultsThe epistemological, pragmatic, linguistic and logical descriptions of rest found in the literature revealed that the concept of rest remains immature, poorly defined, rarely operationalized and inconsistently used. Nevertheless, a cross‐contextual definition of rest based on antecedents, attributes, boundaries and outcomes is emerging.ConclusionBased on the findings, a rudimentary understanding of rest emerged. Further research is necessary to develop an operational, evidence‐based, definition of rest so it can be effectively studied and prescribed.
Estimating the abundance of burrow‐nesting species through the statistical analysis of combined playback and visual surveys
Authors: Bonnet‐Lebrun Anne‐Sophie , Calabrese Licia , Rocamora Gerard , López‐Sepulcre Andrés 
Published: February 2016

The conservation of elusive species relies on our ability to obtain unbiased estimates of their abundance trends. Many species live or breed in cavities, making it easy to define the search units (the cavity) yet hard to ascertain their occupancy. One such example is that of certain colonial seabirds like petrels and shearwaters, which occupy burrows to breed. In order to increase the chances of detection for these types of species, their sampling can be done using two independent methods to check for cavity occupancy: visual inspection, and acoustic response to a playback call.This double‐detection process allows us to estimate the probability of burrow occupancy by accounting for the probability of detection associated with each method. Here we provide a statistical framework to estimate the occupancy and population size of burrow‐dwelling species. We show how to implement the method using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, and test its precision and bias using simulated datasets. We subsequently illustrate how to extend the method to situations where two different species may occupy the burrows, and apply it to a dataset on wedge‐tailed shearwatersPuffinus pacificusand tropical shearwatersP. baillonion Aride Island, Seychelles.The simulations showed that the single‐species model performed well in terms of error and bias except when detection probabilities and occupancies were very low. The two‐species model applied to shearwaters showed that detection probabilities were highly heterogeneous. The population sizes of wedge‐tailed and tropical shearwaters were estimated at 13 716 (95% CI: 12 909–15 874) and 25 550 (23 667–28 777) pairs respectively.The advantages of formulating the call‐playback sampling method statistically is that it provides a framework to calculate uncertainty in the estimates and model assumptions. This method is applicable to a variety of cavity‐dwelling species where two methods can be used to detect cavity occupancy.
Accounting for genetic architecture in single‐ and multipopulation genomic prediction using weights from genomewide association studies in pigs
Authors: Veroneze R. , Lopes P.S. , Lopes M.S. , Hidalgo A.M. , Guimarães S.E.F. , Harlizius B. , Knol E.F. , van Arendonk J.A.M. , Silva F.F. , Bastiaansen J.W.M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryWe studied the effect of including GWAS results on the accuracy of single‐ and multipopulation genomic predictions. Phenotypes (backfat thickness) and genotypes of animals from two sire lines (SL1, n = 1146 and SL3, n = 1264) were used in the analyses. First, GWAS were conducted for each line and for a combined data set (both lines together) to estimate the genetic variance explained by each SNP. These estimates were used to build matrices of weights (D), which was incorporated into a GBLUP method. Single population evaluated with traditional GBLUP had accuracies of 0.30 for SL1 and 0.31 for SL3. When weights were employed in GBLUP, the accuracies for both lines increased (0.32 for SL1 and 0.34 for SL3). When a multipopulation reference set was used in GBLUP, the accuracies were higher (0.36 for SL1 and 0.32 for SL3) than in single‐population prediction. In addition, putting together the multipopulation reference set and the weights from the combined GWAS provided even higher accuracies (0.37 for SL1, and 0.34 for SL3). The use of multipopulation predictions and weights estimated from a combined GWAS increased the accuracy of genomic predictions.
Phylogeography of Indo‐Pacific reef fishes: sister wrasses Coris gaimard and C. cuvieri in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ahti Pauliina A. , Coleman Richard R. , DiBattista Joseph D. , Berumen Michael L. , Rocha Luiz A. , Bowen Brian W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to resolve the evolutionary history, biogeographical barriers and population histories for sister species of wrasses, the African Coris (Coris cuvieri) in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea, and the Yellowtail Coris (Coris gaimard) in the Pacific Ocean. Glacial sea level fluctuations during the Pleistocene have shaped the evolutionary trajectories of Indo‐Pacific marine fauna, primarily by creating barriers between the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Here, we evaluate the influence of these episodic glacial barriers on sister species C. cuvieri and C. gaimard.LocationRed Sea, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean.MethodsSequences from mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI), and nuclear introns gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) and ribosomal S7 protein were analysed in 426 individuals from across the range of both species. Median‐joining networks, analysis of molecular variance and Bayesian estimates of the time since most recent common ancestor were used to resolve recent population history and connectivity.ResultsCytochrome oxidase c subunit I haplotypes showed a divergence of 0.97% between species, and nuclear alleles were shared between species. No population structure was detected between the Indian Ocean and Red Sea. The strongest signal of population structure was in C. gaimard between the Hawaiian biogeographical province and other Pacific locations (COI ϕST = 0.040–0.173, P < 0.006; S7 ϕST = 0.046, P < 0.001; GnRH ϕST = 0.022, P < 0.005). Time to most recent common ancestor is c. 2.12 Ma for C. cuvieri and 1.76 Ma for C. gaimard.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate an Indian‐Pacific divergence of < 2 Myr and high contemporary gene flow between the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, mediated in part by the long pelagic larval stage. The discovery of hybrids at Christmas Island indicates that Indian and Pacific lineages have come into secondary contact after allopatric isolation. Subspecies status may be appropriate for these two wrasses.
Lipid peroxidation and apoptotic response in rat brain areas induced by long‐term administration of nandrolone: the mutual crosstalk between ROS and NF‐kB
Authors: Turillazzi Emanuela , Neri Margherita , Cerretani Daniela , Cantatore Santina , Frati Paola , Moltoni Laura , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Pomara Cristoforo , Riezzo Irene , Fineschi Vittorio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the played by oxidative stress in the apoptotic response in different brain areas of rats chronically treated with supra‐physiological doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND). Immunohistochemical study and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate cells' apoptosis and to measure the effects of expression of specific mediators, such as NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells), Bcl‐2 (B‐cell lymphoma 2), SMAC/DIABLO (second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspases/direct IAP‐binding protein with low PI) and VMAT2 (vesicular monoamine transporter 2) on apoptosis. The results of the present study indicate that a long‐term administration of ND promotes oxidative injury in rat brain specific areas. A link between oxidative stress and NF‐κB signalling pathways is supported by our results. In addition to high levels of oxidative stress, we consistently observed a strong immunopositivity to NF‐κB. It has been argued that one of the pathways leading to the activation of NF‐κB could be under reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated control. In fact, growing evidence suggests that although in limited doses, endogenous ROS may play an activating role in NF‐κB signalling, while above a certain threshold, they may negatively impact upon this signalling. However, a mutual crosstalk between ROS and NF‐κB exists and recent studies have shown that ROS activity is subject to negative feedback regulation by NF‐κB, and that this negative regulation of ROS is the means through which NF‐κB counters programmed cells.
Polymorphisms in the AKT1 and AKT2 genes and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in an Eastern Chinese population
Authors: Zhu Jinhong , Wang Mengyun , He Jing , Zhu Meiling , Wang Jiu‐Cun , Jin Li , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Yang Ya‐Jun , Xiang Jia‐Qing , Wei Qingyi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEthnic Han Chinese are at high risk of developing oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Aberrant activation of the AKT signalling pathway is involved in many cancers, including ESCC. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in this pathway may contribute to ESCC susceptibility. We selected five potentially functional SNPs in AKT1 (rs2494750, rs2494752 and rs10138277) and AKT2 (rs7254617 and rs2304186) genes and investigated their associations with ESCC risk in 1117 ESCC cases and 1096 controls in an Eastern Chinese population. None of individual SNPs exhibited an association with ESCC risk. However, the combined analysis of three AKT1 SNPs suggested that individuals carrying one of AKT1 variant genotypes had a decreased ESCC risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.42–0.87]. Further stratified analysis found that AKT1 rs2294750 SNP was associated with significantly decreased ESCC risk among women (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43–0.94) and non‐drinkers (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64–0.99). Similar protective effects on women (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.37–0.83) and non‐drinker (adjusted OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60–0.94) were also observed for the combined genotypes of AKT1 SNPs. Consistently, logistic regression analysis indicated significant gene–gene interactions among three AKT1 SNPs (P < 0.015). A three‐AKT1 SNP haplotype (C‐A‐C) showed a significant association with a decreased ESCC risk (adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52–0.94). Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis confirmed a high‐order gene–environment interaction in ESCC risk. Overall, we found that three AKT1 SNPs might confer protection against ESCC risk; nevertheless, these effects may be dependent on other risk factors. Our results provided evidence of important gene–environment interplay in ESCC carcinogenesis.
Mobilization of lymphatic endothelial precursor cells and lymphatic neovascularization in primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Alunno Alessia , Ibba‐Manneschi Lidia , Bistoni Onelia , Rosa Irene , Caterbi Sara , Gerli Roberto , Manetti Mirko 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlthough lymphatic neovascularization may be a key feature of chronic inflammation, it is almost unexplored in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). A recent study revealed a pro‐lymphangiogenic function of interleukin (IL)‐17, a leading player in pSS pathogenesis. The aims of the study were to investigate lymphangiogenic mediators and lymphatic vasculature in pSS, as well as their possible association with IL‐17. Circulating lymphatic endothelial precursor cells (LEPCs) and Th17 cells were enumerated in pSS patients and healthy donors. VEGF‐C and IL‐17 levels were assessed in paired serum samples. Lymphatic vasculature, VEGF‐C/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)‐3 and IL‐17 were evaluated in pSS minor salivary glands (MSGs) and compared with normal and non‐specific chronic sialadenitis (NSCS) MSGs. Circulating LEPCs were expanded in pSS and correlated with circulating Th17 cells, IL‐17 and VEGF‐C. In pSS MSGs, a newly formed lymphatic capillary network was found within periductal inflammatory infiltrates and the number of interlobular lymphatic vessels was significantly increased compared with normal and NSCS MSGs. Strong VEGF‐C expression was detected in pSS ductal epithelial cells and periductal inflammatory cells. Numerous VEGFR‐3+ infiltrating mononuclear cells were exclusively observed in pSS MSGs. VEGFR‐3 expression was strongly increased in lymphatic capillaries of pSS MSGs. IL‐17+ inflammatory cells were preferentially observed around lymphatic vessels in pSS MSGs. This study supports the notion that lymphvasculogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are active in pSS, thereby unmasking a novel aspect of disease pathogenesis. In addition, our results suggest another possible pathogenic role of IL‐17 in pSS, further supporting its therapeutic targeting in this disease.
Annual Research Review: Enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect
Authors: Teicher Martin H. , Samson Jacqueline A. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment is the most important preventable cause of psychopathology accounting for about 45% of the population attributable risk for childhood onset psychiatric disorders. A key breakthrough has been the discovery that maltreatment alters trajectories of brain development.MethodsThis review aims to synthesize neuroimaging findings in children who experienced caregiver neglect as well as from studies in children, adolescents and adults who experienced physical, sexual and emotional abuse. In doing so, we provide preliminary answers to questions regarding the importance of type and timing of exposure, gender differences, reversibility and the relationship between brain changes and psychopathology. We also discuss whether these changes represent adaptive modifications or stress‐induced damage.ResultsParental verbal abuse, witnessing domestic violence and sexual abuse appear to specifically target brain regions (auditory, visual and somatosensory cortex) and pathways that process and convey the aversive experience. Maltreatment is associated with reliable morphological alterations in anterior cingulate, dorsal lateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, corpus callosum and adult hippocampus, and with enhanced amygdala response to emotional faces and diminished striatal response to anticipated rewards. Evidence is emerging that these regions and interconnecting pathways have sensitive exposure periods when they are most vulnerable.ConclusionsEarly deprivation and later abuse may have opposite effects on amygdala volume. Structural and functional abnormalities initially attributed to psychiatric illness may be a more direct consequence of abuse. Childhood maltreatment exerts a prepotent influence on brain development and has been an unrecognized confound in almost all psychiatric neuroimaging studies. These brain changes may be best understood as adaptive responses to facilitate survival and reproduction in the face of adversity. Their relationship to psychopathology is complex as they are discernible in both susceptible and resilient individuals with maltreatment histories. Mechanisms fostering resilience will need to be a primary focus of future studies.