bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective action and market formation: An integrative framework
Authors: Lee Brandon H. , Struben Jeroen , Bingham Christopher B. 
Published: September 2017

Research Summary: While extant research recognizes the importance of collective action for market formation, it provides little understanding about when and to what extent collective action is important. In this article, we develop a novel theoretical framework detailing what collective action problems and solutions arise in market formation and under what conditions. Our framework centers on the development of market infrastructure with three key factors that influence the nature and extent of collective action problems: perceived returns to contributions, excludability, and contribution substitutability. We apply our framework to diverse market formation contexts and derive a set of attendant propositions. Finally, we show how collective action problems and solutions evolve during market formation efforts and discuss how our framework contributes to strategic management, entrepreneurship, and organization literatures.Managerial Summary: This article lays out the key considerations that players operating in new markets should contemplate when making nontrivial investments in those spaces. As collective action problems can thwart efforts to establish new markets, we ask: When and under what conditions should market players collaborate rather than act independently? And if players collaborate, how should they coordinate to establish a new market? To address these research questions, we develop a novel generalizable framework of collective action in market formation. Our framework assesses the presence and type of collective action problems that hinder market formation and identifies potential solutions tied to those collective action problems.
On the duality of political and economic stakeholder influence on firm innovation performance: Theory and evidence from Chinese firms
Authors: Li Jing , Xia Jun , Zajac Edward J. 
Published: September 2017

Research SummaryIn this study, we propose and test a multi‐stakeholder perspective to address variation in innovation performance across firms. Specifically, we analyze how a focal firm's innovation performance is shaped by its political stakeholders (local and central governments) and economic stakeholders (suppliers, buyers, and competitors). Using a data set consisting of over 26,400 Chinese firms, we first find support for our predictions that a focal firm's innovation performance will be enhanced by both its government connections and the innovativeness of its economic stakeholders. We then analyze whether the interdependent effect of these political and economic stakeholders is more likely to be synergistic versus antagonistic, and find evidence consistent with the antagonistic view.Managerial SummaryWe show how a firm's innovativeness is influenced strongly by its relationships to external stakeholders. Specifically, we examine the potentially dual‐edged role of political stakeholders (local and central governments) and economic stakeholders (suppliers, buyers, and competitors). Using extensive data on Chinese firms, we find: (a) that the higher the level of government connections, the greater a firm's innovativeness; (b) that firms located in proximity with more innovative economic stakeholders also tend to have higher innovation performance. We also look beyond these independent positive effects to examine the joint effect of these two forms of stakeholder influence, and here we see that more influence is not always better. Specifically, we find that the innovation benefit that typically accrues to firms in proximity to more innovative economic stakeholders is weakened when those firms also have higher‐level government connections.
Text matching to measure patent similarity
Authors: Arts Sam , Cassiman Bruno , Gomez Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2017

Research Summary: We propose using text matching to measure the technological similarity between patents. Technology experts from different fields validate the new similarity measure and its improvement on measures based on the United States Patent Classification System, and identify its limitations. As an application, we replicate prior findings on the localization of knowledge spillovers by constructing a case–control group of text‐matched patents. We also provide open access to the code and data to calculate the similarity between any two utility patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office between 1976 and 2013, or between any two patent portfolios.Managerial Summary: We propose using text matching to measure the technological similarity between patents. The method can be used by various practitioners such as inventors, attorneys, patent examiners, and managers to search for closely related prior art, to assess the novelty of a patent, to identify R&D opportunities in less crowded areas, to detect in‐ or out‐licensing opportunities, to map companies in technology space, and to find acquisition targets. We use an expert panel to validate the improvement of the new similarity measure on measures based on the United States Patent Classification System, and provide open access to the code and data to calculate the similarity between any two utility patents granted by the USPTO between 1976 and 2013, or between any two patent portfolios.
Divergent interaction profiles of gabapentin and levetiracetam with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine lipids
Authors: Türker-Kaya Sevgi , Kına Aygül , Alın Selen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/Objectives The lipid solubility of antiepileptic drugs directly affects central nervous system availability. In relation to this, the interactions of gabapentin and levetiracetam with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine lipids depending on concentrations were comparatively investigated in the present study.Methods The effects of gabapentin and levetricetam as a function of concentration (1–5–10–20 mol%) on biophysical parameters of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine multilammelar vesicles were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Results The data revealed that gabapentin at all concentrations and levetiracetam at 1–5 mol% lowered main transition temperature, enthalpy, cooperativity, lipid fluidity, lipid order, and increased hydrogen binding capacity of glycerol and phosphate groups. However, 10–20 mol% of levetiracetam tend to show different effect on transition temperature, which could also reflect its opposing effect on lipid order and glycerol and phosphate group’s hydrations.Conclusions According to the corresponding findings depending on concentrations both drugs incorporate into phosphatidylcholines, perturbing the packing of lipids and affecting their thermotropic properties. Their binding affinity to acyl chains and hydrophilic parts of lipids was found to highly correlate with lipid-water partition and their solubility degree in water. Hence, the obtained results may offer evaluation of partition profile of the drugs into biological membranes depending on concentration.
Case Report: Aquatic Therapy and End‐Stage Dementia
Authors: Becker Bruce E. , Lynch Stacy 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA 54‐year‐old woman, retired due to progressive cognitive decline, was diagnosed with early‐onset Alzheimer dementia. Conventional medication therapy for dementia had proven futile. Initial evaluation revealed a nonverbal female seated in a wheelchair, dependent on 2‐person assist for all transfers and activities of daily living. She had been either nonresponsive or actively resistive for both activities of daily living and transfers in the 6 months before assessment. After a total of 17 1‐hour therapy sessions over 19 weeks in a warm water therapy pool, she achieved the ability to tread water for 15 minutes, transfers improved to moderate‐to‐maximum assist from seated, and ambulation improved to 1000 feet with minimum‐to‐moderate assist of 2 persons. Communication increased to appropriate “yes,” “no,” and “okay” appropriate responses, and an occasional “thank you” and “very nice.” The authors propose that her clinical progress may be related to her aquatic therapy intervention.Level of EvidenceIV
Are We There Yet?
Authors: Mc Veigh Mary Jo 
Published: September 2017

The issue of what is ‘effective’ in therapeutic interventions with children and young people who have experienced maltreatment has attracted increasing professional interest since the 1980s. Currently, these interventions are subject to evaluative processes that privilege data collected from the adult experts, who design and deliver them. Measurements of effectiveness are predominantly based on a positivist paradigm, as indicated by the number of studies that use standardised measures to capture therapeutic success. An important concern is the neglect of children and young people's voices in the discussion of therapeutic efficacy.This article presents the findings of a review of the literature, which revealed the continued privileging of adult ‘expert’ voices and the under-representation of the contributions from children and young people. However, when children and young people were engaged as active participants in evaluation processes, they were shown to demonstrate a depth of insight, which requires a reappraisal of adults as the only source of expertise in the effectiveness debate. The view that children and young people can be knowledge generators as well as active agents in their own healing is reflected by this article's proposals for future research partnerships with children and young people and changes to practice and policy development.
Getting nowhere fast? Social work and its impact in the child, youth and family sector
Authors: Lehmann Jennifer , Sanders Rachael 
Published: September 2017

I was recently challenged by a colleague to think about the sticky question of what social work, as a discipline, has achieved over the last 40–50 years. Being challenged about the efficacy of social work and the discipline's capacity for lasting impacts is hardly a new experience. Many social workers will have confronted the opinions of clients, managers, family members and the public about the contributions or otherwise that they perceive social workers to offer. I have had these experiences too, but there are particular times when such comments remain in one's memories. After the elapse of many years I do not claim to have total accuracy of recall, but perhaps the first time I was shaken by a challenge to my noble presumptions was when Dr John Paterson, Secretary of the Department of Health and Community Services, Victoria, spoke at a meeting of child protection workers around 1989–90. He declared that he thought a mature accountant could do as well in the role. As others have recalled, Dr Paterson ‘did not blush to ignore traditional codes on the role of public servants in the policy process and overtly sought to participate in normative statements about policy’ (Barraclough & Smith, 1994, p. 16). He was known for making offensive remarks. He described disability advocacy bodies as ‘piss and wind’ groups, denigrating them as people more interested in talk than getting their hands dirty delivering services (Milburn, 1993, p. 1). He precipitated great angst amongst public servants.
S. aureus Infections in Chicago, 2006-2014: Increase in CA MSSA and Decrease in MRSA Incidence
Authors: Acree M. Ellen , Morgan Ethan , David Michael Z. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVETo examine trends in Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children at a single academic center in 2006–2014.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGInpatient, outpatient, and emergency department settings in a private, tertiary referral center.PATIENTSPatients with an infection culture that grew S. aureus in January 1, 2006, through March 31, 2014.METHODSThe first isolate per year for each patient was classified as community-associated (CA-), healthcare-associated (HA-), or HA-community–onset S. aureus. The incidence density of S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections were calculated per quarter year.RESULTSOverall, 5,491 MRSA and 5,398 MSSA isolates were included. MRSA infections decreased by an average of 5.2% annually (P<.001). MRSA skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI) incidence density decreased in adults (−3.5%; P<.001) and children (−2.9%; P=.004). MSSA infections at all anatomic sites increased by an average of 1.9% annually (P=.007) in adults and decreased 5.1% annually (P<.001) in children. MSSA SSTI incidence density increased in adults (+3.8%; P<.001) and children (+5.6%; P<.001). For MRSA and MSSA SSTI isolates, susceptibility to tetracycline and clindamycin decreased significantly.CONCLUSIONSIn 2006–2014, MRSA SSTI incidence decreased among children and adults. MSSA SSTI incidence density increased in children and adults, suggesting that current empiric SSTI treatment recommendations may not be optimal. Adults experienced an overall increase in MSSA infections, which may prompt consideration of the need for horizontal infection control practices to decrease MSSA infection risk.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1226–1234
American Mission activities in Libya 2005–16: report
Authors: Kane Susan , Raynolds William , Carrier Sam 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis essay outlines the capacity-building work of the American Archaeological Mission to Libya between the years 2005 and 2016. This work was made possible by grants from the US Embassy to Libya, the US State Department Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation (AFCP) and the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs in Washington, DC. The principles and objectives underlying our capacity-building programme were inspired by the 2003 UNESCO World Heritage Centre Mission Report by Giovanni Boccardi, in particular his recommendation that the Libyan Department of Antiquities obtain training in the best modern cultural heritage management practices via sustained partnerships with external professionals and organisations.
The Sardic Phase: field evidence of Ordovician tectonics in SE Sardinia, Italy
Authors: COCCO FABRIZIO , FUNEDDA ANTONIO 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDetailed geological mapping, field observations and structural analyses demonstrate that Early Ordovician (‘Sardic’) deformation occurred in the early Palaeozoic successions that are now incorporated in the Variscan Nappe zone of SE Sardinia. This deformation is represented by folds that formed at a shallow depth, lack a significant syn-folding axial planar foliation, and do not affect the overlying Late Ordovician – Devonian sedimentary sequence. These deformation features can be related to the development of the Sardic Unconformity and to calc-alkaline volcanism in several now-scattered terranes of Ordovician northern Gondwana. This reflects a convergent geodynamic setting that in the study sector appears to have failed to reach a continental collisional end-stage. Associating the structural data from this study with those of several published research studies, a preliminary evaluation about which tectonic setting could better fit is proposed. These conditions affected the eastern side of the northern Gondwana margin more or less contemporaneously with the opening of the Rhéic Ocean and the closure of the Qaidam Ocean, before the amalgamation of the Hunia terranes.
Isolation, characterization and expression analysis of a nutritionally enhanced α-prolamin gene and protein during developing spikes of finger millet (Eleusine coracana)
Authors: Kumar Lalan , Pandey Dinesh , Kumar Anil 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the present study a combination of BLAST mediated homology search and 3′ RACE was utilized to isolate the full-length gene of Eleusine coracana alpha prolamin (Ec-α-prolamin) from finger millet. Phylogenetic analysis of Ec-α-prolamin along with related prolamin genes of different cereals and millets shows the clustering of Ec-α-prolamin in a separate group. Secondary structure prediction reveals 59.4% alpha helix structure, a structural hallmark of Ec-α-prolamin. Besides this, the protein also possesses a balanced proportion of all essential amino acids. Expression analysis based on qPCR shows increased accumulation of α-prolamin transcripts in developing grains of finger millet until attainment of seed maturity. Western blotting, using a monospecific anti-α-prolamin antibody, further confirmed the expression of a 22 kDa band in the S3 and S4 stages of developing spikes. The heterologous expression of isolated full-length Ec-α-prolamin could be potentially harnessed for making nutritionally enhanced functional food products and value-added industrial products.
Nothing to Lose: Charitable Donations as Incentives in Risk Preference Measurement
Authors: Rogers Jonathan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResearchers are interested in running experiments in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), which often include financially incentivized measures of risk preferences. However, it can be that gambling is forbidden and these measures may either be illegal or result in non-random refusal of subjects to participate. If individuals derive utility from warm glow or otherwise enjoy giving, then risk preferences apply to that utility too. Even in the absence of personal stakes, if risk will be borne by others, warm glow will lead subjects to behave in a manner consistent with their preferences over risk for private consumption. I examine how paid risk elicitation mechanisms correlate with measures incentivized by charitable contributions. Results suggest that subjects behave almost identically under paid and charitable stakes. Charitable measures may provide behavioral means by which to measure risk preferences, in populations where gambling is forbidden.
Automatic and adaptive heterogeneous refractive index compensation for light-sheet microscopy
Authors: Ryan Duncan P. , Gould Elizabeth A. , Seedorf Gregory J. , Masihzadeh Omid , Abman Steven H. , Vijayaraghavan Sukumar , Macklin Wendy B. , Restrepo Diego , Shepherd Douglas P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOptical tissue clearing has revolutionized researchers’ ability to perform fluorescent measurements of molecules, cells, and structures within intact tissue. One common complication to all optically cleared tissue is a spatially heterogeneous refractive index, leading to light scattering and first-order defocus. We designed C-DSLM (cleared tissue digital scanned light-sheet microscopy) as a low-cost method intended to automatically generate in-focus images of cleared tissue. We demonstrate the flexibility and power of C-DSLM by quantifying fluorescent features in tissue from multiple animal models using refractive index matched and mismatched microscope objectives. This includes a unique measurement of myelin tracks within intact tissue using an endogenous fluorescent reporter where typical clearing approaches render such structures difficult to image. For all measurements, we provide independent verification using standard serial tissue sectioning and quantification methods. Paired with advancements in volumetric image processing, C-DSLM provides a robust methodology to quantify sub-micron features within large tissue sections.
Dipole-field-assisted charge extraction in metal-perovskite-metal back-contact solar cells
Authors: Lin Xiongfeng , Jumabekov Askhat N. , Lal Niraj N. , Pascoe Alexander R. , Gómez Daniel E. , Duffy Noel W. , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Sears Kallista , Fournier Maxime , Zhang Yupeng , Bao Qiaoliang , Cheng Yi-Bing , Spiccia Leone , Bach Udo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites are low-cost solution-processable solar cell materials with photovoltaic properties that rival those of crystalline silicon. The perovskite films are typically sandwiched between thin layers of hole and electron transport materials, which efficiently extract photogenerated charges. This affords high-energy conversion efficiencies but results in significant performance and fabrication challenges. Herein we present a simple charge transport layer-free perovskite solar cell, comprising only a perovskite layer with two interdigitated gold back-contacts. Charge extraction is achieved via self-assembled monolayers and their associated dipole fields at the metal-perovskite interface. Photovoltages of ~600 mV generated by self-assembled molecular monolayer modified perovskite solar cells are equivalent to the built-in potential generated by individual dipole layers. Efficient charge extraction results in photocurrents of up to 12.1 mA cm−2 under simulated sunlight, despite a large electrode spacing.
Hyperhomocysteinemia Alters Retinal Endothelial Cells Barrier Function and Angiogenic Potential via Activation of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Mohamed Riyaz , Sharma Isha , Ibrahim Ahmed S. , Saleh Heba , Elsherbiny Nehal M. , Fulzele Sadanand , Elmasry Khaled , Smith Sylvia B. , Al-Shabrawey Mohamed , Tawfik Amany 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with several human visual disorders, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is linked to vision loss in DR and AMD. Our previous work revealed that HHcy altered BRB in retinal endothelial cells in vivo. Here we hypothesize that homocysteine (Hcy) alters retinal endothelial cell barrier function and angiogenic potential via activation of oxidative stress. Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) treated with and without different concentrations of Hcy showed a reduction of tight junction protein expression, increased FITC dextran leakage, decreased transcellular electrical resistance and increased angiogenic potential. In addition, HRECs treated with Hcy showed increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The anti-oxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) reduced ROS formation and decreased FITC-dextran leakage in Hcy treated HRECs. A mouse model of HHcy, in which cystathionine-β-synthase is deficient (cbs−/−), was evaluated for oxidative stress by dichlolorofluorescein (DCF), dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. There was a marked increase in ROS production and augmented GSH reductase and antioxidant regulator NRF2 activity, but decreased antioxidant gene expression in retinas of hyperhomocysteinemic mice. Our results suggest activation of oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of HHcy induced retinal endothelial cell dysfunction.
Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles during the sex-differentiation sensitive period in oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense
Authors: Jin Shubo , Fu Hongtuo , Sun Shengming , Jiang Sufei , Xiong Yiwei , Gong Yongsheng , Qiao Hui , Zhang Wenyi , Wu Yan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMale oriental river prawns (Macrobrachium nipponense) grow faster than females, and therefore, reach larger sizes by harvest time. Histological observations have indicated that the sex-differentiation sensitive period (which includes the formation of the androgenic gland, the testis, and the ovary) is from post-larvae (PL) developmental stage for M. nipponense. In this study, we prepared four microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA libraries using samples collected from sex-differentiation sensitive period (PL7 to PL16) to perform RNA-sequencing for identifying sex-related candidate miRNAs, genes, and metabolic pathways. A total of nine intersection miRNAs were identified, of which three were highly expressed in the androgenic gland, and their expression was verified by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR). These three miRNAs and their 11 predicted target genes may be strong candidates for sex-related miRNAs and sex-related genes in M. nipponense. Five vital sex-related metabolic pathways were also identified that may regulate other sex-differentiation and sex-determination mechanisms. Finding of the study provide important insights to enhance our understanding on sex-differentiation and sex-determination mechanisms for M. nipponense.