bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Scientific College Students about Using AI Applications in Education
Authors: Almeqdadi Farouq , Al Shadifat Kawthar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As artificial intelligence (ai) continues to permeate various sectors, its potential impact on education has garnered significant attention. This study delved into the perceptions of scientific college students regarding the integration of ai applications in education The sample of the current study was 204 university students from Scientific Colleges of Al al-Bayt University (aabu) in Jordan The study took place in that university during the 1st semester of the academic year 2023/ 2024. Employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches, the study utilized a survey comprising seven items and four interview questions. The research anticipated a spectrum of perceptions among scientific college students regarding ai applications in education. While some expressed enthusiasm for benefits such as personalized learning and innovative resources, others harbored concerns about issues like data privacy and algorithmic biases. The analysis revealed a diverse spectrum of viewpoints among participants, ranging from enthusiastic endorsement of ai’s potential benefits, such as personalized learning and resource innovation, to apprehensions surrounding issues like data privacy and algorithmic biases. Through rigorous analysis, this study aimed to identify prevalent themes in students’ perceptions of ai applications in education. The findings promise to enrich our understanding of how scientific college students envision ai’s role in higher education, guiding stakeholders in effectively integrating ai technologies to enhance teaching and learning environments.
Stalling North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Trepanier Jill C. , Nielsen-Gammon John , Brown Vincent M. , Thompson Derek T. , Keim Barry D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tropical cyclone (TC) translation speed influences rainfall accumulation, storm surge, and exposure to high winds. These effects are greatest when storms stall. Here, we provide a definition and climatology of slow-moving or stalling TCs in the North Atlantic from 1900 to 2020. A stall is defined as a TC with a track contained in a circular area (“corral”) with a radius of ≤200 km for 72 h. Of the 1274 North Atlantic TCs, 191 storms met this definition (15%). Ten are multistalling storms or those that experienced more than one stall period. Hurricane Ginger in 1971 stalled the most with four separate stalls. Stalling TC locations are clustered in the western Caribbean, the central Gulf Coast, the Bay of Campeche, and near Florida and the Carolinas. Stalling was most common in October TCs (17.3% of October total) and least common in August (8.2%). The estimated annual frequency of stalls significantly increased over the satellite era (1966–2020) by 1.5% yr−1, and the cumulative frequency in the number of stalls compared to all storms also increased. Stalling storms have a significantly higher frequency of major hurricane status than nonstalling storms. Storms are also more likely to stall near the coast (≤200 km). Approximately 40% (n = 77) of the stalling TCs experienced a period of rapid intensification, and five did so within 200 km of a coastal zone. These results will aid emergency managers in regions that experience frequent stalls by providing information they can use to better prepare for the future.

Significance Statement
The forward movement of a tropical cyclone can influence rainfall, storm surge height, and exposure time to high wind speeds. Storms that slow down or stall can increase total damage by prolonging the exposure time to intense conditions. This study aims to define a stalling storm and then provide a geographic snapshot into our historical experience with these storms. There have been a consistent number of stalling storms over time, with a modest increase starting in the satellite era, likely as a product of increased observational capabilities. Stalls tend to occur in similar places over time and happen more frequently later in the hurricane season (October) when compared to the middle (August). Emergency managers can use this information to identify the likely location and timing for stalls throughout the North Atlantic tropical cyclone season.
Efficiency Measurement of State Transport Undertakings in India: An Application of DEA Methodologies
Authors: Datta Kanchan 
Published: September 2024

This article measures the technical efficiency of public transport sector in India. The study makes an attempt to provide an overview of the general status of the state transport undertakings (STUs) in terms of their productive efficiency. Data have been collected for 29 STUs for the year 2019–20. Technical efficiency of the STUs is measured by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique with the use of five input and four output variables. Fleet size, total staff, fuel consumption breakdown and accident per lakh kilometre are considered as inputs and bus utilisation, passenger kilometres, load factor and passenger lead as outputs. On the basis of the status of technical efficiency, it is concluded that the performance of the STUs is good but still very far from the optimal level. The mean Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes (CCR) technical efficiency is 89.5 per cent and Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) technical efficiency is 92.9 per cent. The CCR mean score implies STUs have the scope of producing the same output with the inputs 10.5 per cent lesser than their existing level, whereas that of BCC mean score implies 7.1 per cent. JEL Codes: 61, R41
Making Sense of Teacher Turnover: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Why Teachers Leave
Authors: Doughty Michelle 
Published: September 2024

Background/Context: High teacher turnover has directed a great deal of scholarly attention toward the connection between teacher retention and teacher working conditions. Prior work has identified a set of key working conditions associated with teacher retention, including supportive school leadership, school safety, a collaborative professional community, a manageable workload, and autonomy. These working conditions are often identified using Likert-based surveys, which allow for the analysis of large and representative samples but cannot fully show the nuance of teachers’ experiences. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This study examines why teachers leave their positions and how these reasons for leaving appear differently in Likert-style fixed-response questions and free-response questions. This comparison can reveal important distinctions in teachers’ understanding of how their working conditions can contribute to their turnover that may be hidden in simpler surveys. Research Design: This study takes advantage of teacher exit surveys administered by a large urban district that included both fixed- and free-response questions about why teachers left their positions. I use a convergent mixed-methods design to examine how reasons for leaving converged and diverged across question types across the entire sample and within individual teachers. Conclusions or Recommendations: I find confirmatory evidence that, when given the opportunity to describe their reasons for leaving in their own words, many teachers identify the same general categories of reasons as identified in Likert questions: school leadership, evaluations, workload, personal reasons, pay, and student behavior. Additionally, teacher free responses add new shades of meaning to our understanding of working conditions. The outsized importance of school leadership, already well established in prior literature, was strongly tied to the influence of school leadership on other aspects of teacher work that are generally considered as separate working conditions. Teachers who left because of student behavior concerns had diverse and often contradictory proposed policy solutions to increase student safety, and teachers who left for personal reasons like retirement or having children were still responsive to more malleable aspects of their work. Finally, many teachers were concerned about their workload, specifically unnecessary work added by school and district policy.
Successful management of pulmonary hemorrhage from lung carcinoid, in a patient on VenoArterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support
Authors: Koliopoulou Antigoni , Antonopoulos Michael , Theodoropoulos Fotios , Efremidis Michael , Letsas Konstantinos , Gouziouta Aggeliki , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Chamogeorgakis Themistocles , Dimopoulos Stavros 
Published: September 2024

Introduction A young man was referred to our Center for refractory cardiogenic shock, accompanied with uncontrolled atrial flutter of unknown duration. The patient was supported with VenoArterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA ECMO) and Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) as a bridge to decision. Case Report His course was complicated by pulmonary hemorrhage due to an unknown endobronchial mass. A low-grade typical carcinoid without metastases was revealed during work up. He was treated successfully with bronchoscopy-guided interventional therapies and cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation. Mechanical support was successfully weaned off and 3 months after discharge, he was asymptomatic with no sign of residual tumor. Discussion Endobronchial treatment is a parenchyma-preserving alternative to surgery, with a comparable recurrence rate, especially in patients with typical carcinoid. Conclusion This is the first case report describing the successful management of pulmonary hemorrhage due to lung carcinoid, in a patient supported with VA ECMO for cardiogenic shock.
The use of Hub Devices to reduce catheter-related infections in dialysis patients: A narrative review
Authors: Fiorina Elisabetta , Giustivi Davide , Gotti Federica , Akyüz Elif , Privitera Daniele 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Catheter-related bloodstream infections are among the most critical issues associated with central venous catheters used for dialysis treatment. To reduce the incidence of this life-threatening complication, various strategies have been developed. Among these, Hub Devices have been introduced in clinical practice to prevent microbial growth at the hub of the catheter. Methods: A review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Hub Devices in reducing bloodstream infections in central venous catheters for dialysis, compared to solid caps. The review analyzed existing literature from three bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL) to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. Results: After a thorough review of the available data, it was found that out of the 873 records screened, only six trials met the inclusion criteria. Albeit the number of patients observed in these trials was more than 25,000, due to the differences in the mechanism of action of different Hub Devices and the lack of a standardized criterion to identify and measure the outcomes, it is difficult to draw a firm conclusion. It is worth noting, however, that in five out of six trials examined, the Hub Devices exhibited a protective effect when compared to solid caps. Conclusions: The use of Hub Devices appears to be associated with a reduction in catheter-related bloodstream infections in the central venous catheter dialysis population. However, the Hub Devices show interesting results that should be investigated with further well-designed prospective studies.
Sharp recanalization with transseptal needle for unsuccessful standard recanalization of chronic thoracic central vein occlusion in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Hongsakul Keerati , Janjindamai Phurich , Akkakisee Surasit , Rookkapan Sorracha , Bannangkoon Kittipitch , Nisityotakul Panat , Boonsrirat Ussanee , Duangpakdee Pongsanae , Premprabha Dhanakom 
Published: September 2024

Background: Many cases of chronic thoracic central vein occlusion (CVO) fail to recanalize using the standard conventional guidewire technique. This study aims to present the outcomes of sharp recanalization with a transseptal needle in chronic thoracic CVO. Methods: This retrospective study involved 22 hemodialysis patients who developed clinical signs and symptoms of CVO, had unsuccessful conventional endovascular treatment using guidewire, and underwent sharp recanalization with a transseptal needle from January 2018 to December 2021. Demographic information of patients, technical success rate, and complications were kept. Post-intervention primary patency rate was examined using survival regression. Results: Thirteen men and nine women were enrolled with a median age of 50 years (range: 30–83 years). The most common site of thoracic CVO was the right brachiocephalic vein (21 patients). The average length of occlusion was 2.5 cm (range: 1–4.4 cm). Technical success rate was 90.9% (20 patients). Major complications occurred in three instances, including severe hemothorax and pulmonary edema. The median post-intervention primary patency between balloon angioplasty alone and primary stenting was 2.1 and 8.0 months ( p = 0.015). Post-intervention primary patency rates at 6 and 12 months in the group receiving balloon angioplasty alone versus primary stenting were 33.3% and 0% versus 70.6% and 29.4% ( p = 0.013). Conclusion: Sharp recanalization with a transseptal needle is successful in chronic thoracic CVO cases that fail with conventional recanalization. Primary stenting in this CVO lesion shows a greater primary patency compared to balloon angioplasty alone.
Trends in direct healthcare utilization observed for persons with MS among teleneurology users and diverse populations
Authors: Palmer Kaitlyn N , Ontaneda Daniel , Harvey Tucker , Mearns Elizabeth S , Patel Anisha M , Win Nikki , Cobb Bryan R , Roush Stephen , McGinley Marisa P 
Published: September 2024

Background: The impact of teleneurology on healthcare utilization (HCU) in MS is unknown. Objective: Evaluate the association between teleneurology and HCU. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal analysis of HCU among adult MS and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients residing in the Cleveland/Akron area from July 2020 to July 2022. Negative binomial regression models evaluated the association between number of laboratory and MRI orders per visit and number of emergency visits per patient across patient groups with variable proportions of teleneurology visits. Results: A total of 3208 patients completed 15,795 visits. Patients using teleneurology had more visits (rate ratio (RR) 1.707–1.719, p < 0.001). Teleneurology visits had fewer laboratory (RR 0.571) and MRI orders (RR 0.693, p < 0.001). There was no difference in emergency care utilization for teleneurology patients ( p ⩾ 0.05). More emergency visits were observed in Black (RR 1.414) and Medicaid (RR 1.893) patients, regardless of visit type ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Teleneurology visits were associated with fewer orders, suggesting teleneurology may be incorporated into healthcare models without increasing utilization related to the visit. Teleneurology was also associated with increased visit volumes but no difference in emergency HCU. More studies are needed to clarify the ultimate impact of teleneurology on overall HCU. More emergency visits, regardless of visit type, were observed among at-risk populations, warranting further investigation.
The cardioprotective effects of adenosine-induced cardioplegic arrest versus saline in aortic valve replacement patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mattila Mikko S. , Järvelä Kati M. , Rantanen Markku J. , Tuohinen Suvi , Nikus Kjell C. , Laurikka Jari O. 
Published: September 2024

Background and aims: Adenosine is a widely used potent cardioprotective drug, but the effect of an adenosine bolus in initial cardioplegia on cardioprotection in aortic valve replacement (AVR) patients has not been demonstrated. The aim of this double-blind randomized clinical trial was to compare intra-aortic adenosine bolus with saline on the postoperative myocardial function in patients undergoing AVR. Methods: Aortic valve stenosis patients scheduled for elective or urgent AVR surgery were randomized to receive either a 20 mg (4 mL) single dose of adenosine or a saline into the ascending aorta during the first cardioplegia infusion. The primary outcome was cardiac index (CI (L/min/m2) at four timepoints (before incision, after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), at 7 p.m. on the operation day, and at 6 a.m. the next morning). Secondary outcomes included left ventricular stroke work index, right ventricular stroke work index, and myocardial biomarkers at the same timepoints. Results: Between November 2015 and March 2018, 45 patients were recruited, 23 in the adenosine group and 22 in the placebo group. The last follow-up date was 17 March 2018. There were no statistically significant differences in CI (mean differences with 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.09 L/min/m2 at baseline (−0.20 to 0.38), −1.39 L/min/m2 (−3.47 to 0.70) at post-CPB, −0.39 L/min/m2 (−0.78 to 0.004) at 7 p.m., and −0.32 L/min/m2 (−0.68 to 0.05) at 6 a.m., ( p = 0.066)), right ventricular stroke work index, ( p = 0.24), or cardiac biomarkers between the groups. Left ventricular stroke work index was lower in the adenosine group (−3.66 gm/m2 (−11.13 to 3.81) at baseline, −17.42 gm/m2 (−37.81 to 2.98) at post-CPB, −3.36 gm/m2 (−11.10 to 4.38) at 7 p.m., and −3.77 gm/m2 (−10.19 to 2.66) at 6 a.m. ( p = 0.021)). Conclusions: There were no differences between 20 mg adenosine bolus and saline in the first cardioplegia infusion in CI improvement in AVR surgery for aortic valve stenosis. EudraCT number: 2014-001382-26.
Rapid cleavage of IL-1β in DRG neurons produces tissue injury-induced pain hypersensitivity
Authors: Fujita Daisuke , Matsuoka Yutaka , Yamakita Shunsuke , Horii Yasuhiko , Ishikawa Daiki , Kushimoto Kohsuke , Amino Hiroaki , Amaya Fumimasa 
Published: September 2024

Background: IL-1β plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation. The presence of cleaved IL-1β (cIL-1β) in the neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) implicates its function in biological signaling arising from the sensory neuron. This study was conducted to analyze the role of IL-1β in nociceptive transduction after tissue injury. Methods: A plantar incision was made in C57BL/6 mice, following which immunohistochemistry and RNA scope in situ hybridization were performed at various time points to analyze cIL-1β, caspase-1, and IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) expression in the DRG. The effect of intrathecal administration of a caspase-1 inhibitor or regional anesthesia using local anesthetics on cIL-1β expression and pain hypersensitivity was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and behavioral analysis. ERK phosphorylation was also analyzed to investigate the effect of IL-1β on the activity of spinal dorsal horn neurons. Results: cIL-1β expression was significantly increased in caspase-1-positive DRG neurons 5 min after the plantar incision. Intrathecal caspase-1 inhibitor treatment inhibited IL-1β cleavage and pain hypersensitivity after the plantar incision. IL-1R1 was also detected in the DRG neurons, although the majority of IL-1R1-expressing neurons lacked cIL-1β expression. Regional anesthesia using local anesthetics prevented cIL-1β processing. Plantar incision-induced phosphorylation of ERK was inhibited by the caspase-1 inhibitor. Conclusion: IL-1β in the DRG neuron undergoes rapid cleavage in response to tissue injury in an activity-dependent manner. Cleaved IL-1β causes injury-induced functional activation of sensory neurons and pain hypersensitivity. IL-1β in the primary afferent neurons is involved in physiological nociceptive signal transduction.
Protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the survival zone of the perforator flaps in rats
Authors: Bazgir Fatemeh , Karimi Rouzbahani Arian , Birjandi Mehdi , Chehelcheraghi Farzaneh 
Published: September 2024

Background: Perforator flaps have recently been used in the field of plastic surgery. Skin defects can be reconstructed to reach functional and cosmetic goals. With the development of reconstructive approaches, utilizing stem cells is a hopeful approach to enhance wound healing and tissue recovery. In this study, we assessed the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the perforator flap’s survival in rats. Methods: Perforator flaps (2.5 × 11 cm) were transplanted into rats and focused on the thoracodorsal, intercostal, and deep circumflex arteries, which were randomly divided into three groups: control, saline, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (7 × 106 ml). Seven days after the surgery, tissue edema, inflammation, and discharge were observed and photographed. Histological analyses were performed to determine flap survival. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to assess levels of microvascular density determined in skin flaps. Results: Rats in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group exhibited higher average flap survival area, and higher microvascular density levels at the dynamical regions of the flaps compared with the other two groups. Subdermal injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells significantly increased ischemic perforator flap survival due to stimulated neovascularization in rats. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in preventing skin flap perforator tissue necrosis.
Atherosclerosis in patients with cervical artery dissection
Authors: Brunner Eveline , Kaufmann Josefin E , Fischer Sandro , Gensicke Henrik , Zietz Annaelle , Polymeris Alexandros A , Altersberger Valerian L , Lyrer Philippe A , Traenka Christopher , Engelter Stefan T 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is considered a non-atherosclerotic arteriopathy, but atherosclerosis of the cervical arteries may co-exist. We explored the frequency and clinical importance of co-existent atherosclerosis in patients with CeAD. Patients and methods: Single-center exploratory study from the Stroke Center Basel, Switzerland. We re-reviewed duplex ultrasound images at (i) baseline and (ii) last follow-up visit for the presence versus absence of the following atherosclerotic manifestations in the carotid arteries: (i) abnormal carotid intima-media thickness, (ii) plaques, and (iii) atherosclerotic stenosis. We investigated whether CeAD patients with versus without co-existing atherosclerosis differ regarding (a) recurrence of CeAD and (b) occurrence of vascular events (myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, or ischemic stroke) using logistic regression with adjustment for age and follow-up time. Results: Among 294 CeAD patients (median age 46 [IQR 37–53], 41.8% women), 35 (12%) had any atherosclerotic signs at baseline. Among 196 patients with available follow-up, another 21/196 (11%) patients developed atherosclerosis during a median follow-up of 55.7 months. Patients with atherosclerosis had decreased odds of recurrent CeADs when compared to patients without atherosclerosis (OR 0.03, 95% CI = 0.00-0.30). During follow-up, 6 (15%) vascular events occurred among 40 CeAD patients with atherosclerosis and 13 (8.5%) among 153 patients without atherosclerosis (OR 1.38, 95% CI = 0.39-4.55, data for 3 patients were missing). Discussion and conclusion: Signs of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery were detectable in 12% of CeAD patient at baseline. Additionally, 11% of CeAD patients developed new signs of atherosclerosis within the following 5 years. The presence of atherosclerosis may suggest a lower risk for recurrent CeAD. Whether it might indicate an increased risk for late clinical vascular events deserves further studies.