bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Some Dinuclear Molybdenum and Tungsten Cyclopentadienyl Carbonyl Complexes in Frozen Gas Matrices at ca. 12 K: IR Spectroscopic Evidence for Carbon Monoxide Ejection as a Primary Photoprocess.
Authors: BAKER M. L. , BLOYCE P. E. , CAMPEN A. K. , REST A. J. , BITTERWOLF T. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe non‐methylene‐bridged and methylene‐bridged dimers (I) and (III) undergo photochemically induced CO ejection processes in frozen argon, methane, CO and N2 matrices at ca. 12 K. The products are different in each case, as are the rates of reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 3‐Aryloxymethyl‐4‐phenyl‐5‐(N‐substituted carboxamidomethyl thio)‐s‐triazoles.
Authors: AWAD I. M. A. , ABDEL‐RAHMAN A. E. , BAKHITE E. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSome title compounds such as (III), (VI) and (IX) (61 examples) are prepared in order to test their antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel S‐N Ring Contractions Using the 4‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,5‐dithiadiazole Dimer, the Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structures of ((PhCN2S2)2Cl)(S3N3), (PhCN2S2)(S3N3), and (PhCN2S2)(S3N2)Cl, and an ab initio Molecular‐Orbital Study of the Bonding in (PhCN2S2)(S3N3).
Authors: BANISTER A. J. , HANSFORD M. I. , HAUPTMAN Z. V. , LUKE A. W. , WAIT S. T. , CLEGG W. , JOERGENSEN K. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe X‐ray crystal structures of the title compounds (both S3N3‐derivatives space group P1, Z=2; the other product P21/c, Z=4), obtained by dehalogenation of (S5N5)Cl and (S4N3)Cl using the title dimer, provide an insight into the electronic state of the CN2S2 rings in these three compounds by comparison of the S‐S bond length with the known length in the dimer, in (PhCN2S2)(AsF6) and (PhCN2S2)Cl.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Pure (S)‐6,7‐Dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐3‐isoquinolinecarboxylic Acid and Asymmetric Hydrogenation Studies Related to Its Preparation.
Authors: O'REILLY N. J. , DERWIN W. S. , LIN H. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAsymmetric hydrogenation of the α‐aminocinnamic acid derivative (I) in the presence of a Rh(I) catalyst employing an (R)‐configurated asymmetric diphosphine ligand yields the almost optically pure (S)‐derivative (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement Reactions of N‐Phosphinoyl‐O‐sulfonylhydroxylamines with Amines under Competitive Conditions. Possible Involvement of Monomeric Metaphosphonimidates and Phosphonamidic Sulfonic Mixed Anhydrides.
Authors: HARGER M. J. P. , SMITH A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ratio of rearrangement products depends on the bulk of the substituent at the phosphorus atom, the size of the nucleophile and its basicity, the concentration of nucleophile and also on the nature of the sulfonate leaving group.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Phosphorus Compounds. Part 91. Synthesis and Properties of 1‐Amino‐2‐arylethylphosphonic and ‐phosphinic Acids as well as ‐phosphine Oxides.
Authors: MAIER L. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract34 title compounds, e.g. (V), (VII) and (X) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation of Anthraquinonylmethylenephosphoranes in a Two‐Phase System. Synthesis of Arylethynylanthraquinones.
Authors: LISTVAN V. V. , STASYUK A. P. , KORNILOV M. YU. , KOMAROV I. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe phosphorus ylides, generated from the phosphonium salts (I), are coupled in situ with the carboxylic chlorides (II) to give the phosphoranes (III) which do not undergo Wittig olefination with aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: New Derivatives of 4,5‐Benzo‐1,3,2‐oxaza‐(or diaza)‐phospholane from Convenient Condensation of Substituted Urea with Tris(dialkylamino)phosphine.
Authors: MA X.‐B. , ZHANG J.‐L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe condensation of (I) and (IV) with the phosphines (II) affords the title compounds (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Study of the Decomposition of Novel Cyclic Germylated Phosphonates and Dithiaphosphonates.
Authors: BARRAU J. , RIMA G. , SATGE J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe general synthetic method does not lead to dioxaphosphagermatanes such as (III), only the corresponding dimer (IVa) is isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentadienyl‐Metal‐Phosphine Chemistry. Part 20. Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Addition of Alkyl Anions to Electron‐Rich (η5‐Pentadienyl)iron Complexes.
Authors: BLEEKE J. R. , WITTENBRINK R. J. , CLAYTON T. W. JUN. , CHIANG M. Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe new electron‐rich ligand adducts (V) of the synthesized 16e‐ paramagnetic complex (III) (space group C2/c, Z=4) adopt unsym. three‐legged piano stool structures and possess stereogenic centers at Fe by virtue of the fact that the two PEt3 ligands are inequivalent.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhedral Iridamonocarbaborane Chemistry. Two Ten‐Vertex arachno‐6,9‐Iridacarbadecaboranes and Some Related Ten‐Vertex Carbaborane Chemistry. Comparative NMR Studies and the Molecular Structure of (asym‐9‐(CO)‐9,9‐(PPh3)2‐9‐H‐arachno‐9,6‐IrCB8H12).
Authors: FONTAINE X. L. R. , KENNEDY J. D. , THORNTON‐PETT M. , NESTOR K. , STIBR B. , JELINIK T. , BASE K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe two new ten‐vertex arachno‐iridacarbaboranes (III) and (IV) are isolated as degradation products beside other products in low yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Heterocyclic and Natural Compounds. Part 1201. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Albicanol and (+)‐Albicanyl Acetate via a Highly Diastereoselective Intramolecular (3 + 2) Cycloaddition.
Authors: SHISHIDO K. , TOKUNAGA Y. , OMACHI N. , HIROYA K. , FUKUMOTO K. , KAMETANI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (+)‐(X) and (+)‐(XII) are isolated from extracts of intact specimens of Cadlina luteomarginata.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 4‐Cyanocaranes.
Authors: FRINGUELLI F. , MINUTI L. , TATICCHI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the ketone (III), prepared from (+)‐carene (I) by known methods, with tosylmethyl isocyanide (IV) (TosMIC) yields a mixture of the four diastereomeric cyanocaranes (V) ‐ (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Trapping of the Quinone Methide from Reductive Cleavage of Daunomycin with Oxygen and Nitrogen Nucleophiles.
Authors: GAUDIANO G. , FRIGERIO M. , BRAVO P. , KOCH T. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntramolecular trapping is described of the intermediate quinone methide species formed from reductive cleavage of daunomycinone (Ia) using the oxygen or nitrogen nucleophile derivatives (Ib) or (Ic), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity of M(Se4)2‐ 2 Anions, M: Ni, Pd, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Mn.
Authors: ANSARI M. A. , MAHLER C. H. , CHORGHADE G. S. , LU Y.‐J. , IBERS J. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn addition to the selenides shown in the scheme, (NEt4)2(Hg(Se4)2) is prepared in 49% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Substituted Olefins. Part 1. (Z)‐2‐Nitro‐1,2‐diphenylvinyl Thiocyanate.
Authors: PARK K. P. , JEONG J. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (I) (space group Pbca with Z = 8) is investigated in order to get informations about the structure‐activity relationship.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Allylic Amination Catalyzed by Chiral Ferrocenylphosphine‐Palladium Complexes.
Authors: HAYASHI T. , KISHI K. , YAMAMOTO A. , ITO Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe E‐configurated allylic carbonate (I) reacts with the amines (II) in the presence of an optically active Pd catalyst system to give the rearranged allylamines (III), together with minor amounts of the isomers (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution. Part 29. Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 1‐Dialkylamino‐Substituted Activated Benzenes with Various Amines in Dimethyl Sulfoxide.
Authors: SEKIGUCHI S. , ISHIKURA H. , HIROSAWA Y. , ONO N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAmine‐exchange reactions are studied which take place between five N,N‐dialkyl‐substituted trinitroanilines, e.g. (I), and various prim. and sec. amines such as (II) (effects of substituents, temp., reaction time, ratio of reactants).
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction of Various Aldehydes with Silyl Enol Ethers.
Authors: MUKAI C. , HASHIZUME S. , NAGAMI K. , HANAOKA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title reaction between the silyl enol ethers (I) or (IX) and carbonyl compounds is only successful with (het)aromatic aldehydes such as (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Diazadienes as Directing Ligands in the Homogeneous Catalysis. Part 19. Palladium‐Catalyzed 2:2 Cyclization of an Alkyne with Allenes to Give Naphthalene‐2,3,6,7‐tetracarboxylic Acids.
Authors: MUNZ C. , STEPHAN C. , TOM DIECK H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe diazadiene palladium(0) catalyst precursor (I) catalyzes the cycloaddition of the allenes (II) with the alkyne (III) to give the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid esters (IV); the yield depends strongly on the leaving group in (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity of Intermolecular Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions of 1‐Methylpyrano(3,4‐b)indol‐3‐one and the N‐Acetylated Derivative.
Authors: NANDIN DE CARVALHO H. , DMITRIENKO G. I. , NIELSON K. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAddition of (I) with the unsym. dienophiles (II) occurs with complete regioselectivity to yield (III), whereas with the sym. dienophile (IV) a mixture of (V) and (VI) is obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: X=Y‐ZH Compounds as Potential 1,3‐Dipoles. Part 30. Cycloaddition of Arylidene Imines of α‐Amino Esters to Acetylenic Dipolarophiles and Pyrrole Forming Rearrangements.
Authors: GRIGG R. , GUNARATNE H. Q. N. , KEMP J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractArylidene imines such as (I) or (IV) undergo cycloaddition to the acetylenic dipolarophiles (II), (V), or (VII) via stereospecific azomethine ylide formation leading to cycloadducts such as (III), (VI), or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Behavior of the gem‐Cyano‐ethoxycarbonyl Cyclohexane, Thiopyran and Pyran Derivatives with Sodium Borohydride and Lithium Aluminum Hydride.
Authors: SANTOYO GONZALEZ F. , ISAC GARCIA J. , GARCIA MENDOZA P. , ROBLES DIAZ R. , GIMENEZ MARTINEZ J. J. , MOLINA MOLINA J. , PORTAL OLEA D. , LOPEZ APARICIO F. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the title compounds (I) with NaBH4, NaBH4/CoCl2 or LiAlH4 leads to the products (III), (V) or (VI) resp., the conformations of which are determined by NMR.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbanions. Part 25. Phenyl Migration During Reactions of Triphenylmethane, 1,1,1‐Triphenylethane, Tetraphenylmethane, and 3,3‐Diphenyl‐1‐butene with Cesium‐Potassium‐Sodium Alloy.
Authors: GROVENSTEIN E. JUN. , BHATTI A. M. , PLAGGE F. A. , HEINRICH Y. M. , LONGFIELD T. H. , SINGH J. , VANDERVEER D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract1,1,1‐Triphenylethane (I) reacts with Cs‐K‐Na alloy to give an ortho‐cyclized dianion which, on protonation, affords the tetrahydrofluorene (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Allylic Metals to α‐Amino Aldehydes. Application to the Synthesis of Statine, Ketomethylene, and Hydroxyethylene Dipeptide Isosteres.
Authors: PRASAD J. V. N. V. , RICH D. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe α‐amino aldehydes (I) react diastereoselectively with trimethylallylsilane (II) in the presence of tin tetrachloride to give mixtures of the 1,2‐amino alcohols (III) and (IV) with the predominance of the threo‐isomers (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of α‐Methylene Lactones.
Authors: MINAMI T. , HIRAKAWA K. , KOYANAGI S. , NAKAMURA S. , YAMAGUCHI M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe key step in this route is the seleno‐ resp. iodolactonization yielding the corresponding lactones such as (IV), which undergo Wittig‐Horner reaction with paraformaldehyde to produce title compounds such as (VI) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Ring Contraction of Fused (1,3,4)Thiadiazinium Salts: Preparation of Fused Pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: MOLINA P. , DESAMPARADOS VELASCO M. , ARQUES A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectroreduction of the perchlorates (I), (III) and (V) under the relatively mild conditions A) leads to sulfur extrusion in the thiadiazine ring with formation of the pyrazoles (II), (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Aromatic Acids Using an Intramolecular Benzyne Cyclization.
Authors: REAVILL D. R. , RICHARDSON S. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe O‐tert‐butyl N‐(3‐haloaryl) carbamates (I) are consecutively lithiated, carboxylated, and cyclized to produce the oxobenzoxazolecarboxylic acids (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Azolium 1,3‐Dipoles. Part 3. Azapropellanes: New Fused Tetraazatricyclo(n.3.3.01,x)dodecenes and ‐tridecenes. Substituted 3,3a,4,5,6,6a‐Hexahydropyrrolo(2,3‐d)‐1,2,3‐triazoles from a General Tandem Cycloaddition‐Rearrangement Reaction of 1,2,3‐Triazolium Imides with Substituted Alkenes: Kinetics and Mechanism.
Authors: BUTLER R. N. , EVANS A. M. , GILLAN A. M. , JAMES J. P. , MCNEELA E. M. , CUNNINGHAM D. , MCARDLE P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bisazo compounds (I), (V) react in the form of their tautomeric triazolium imides (II), (VI) with dipolarophiles, e.g. (III) to form the propellanes (IV) or the pyrrolotriazoles (VII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Hetero‐Diels‐Alder Reaction of Substituted 1‐Oxabutadienes and 2‐Ethoxyvinyl Acetate. An Entry to Various Natural Occurring Carbohydrates.
Authors: TIETZE L. F. , HARTFIEL U. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe α,β‐unsaturated ketones (I) undergo thermally‐induced cycloaddition reaction with the vinyl ethers (II) to form mixtures of the dihydropyrans (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Pyridines with Epichlorohydrin.
Authors: GARKUSHA‐BOZHKO V. S. , SHWAIKA O. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe (fused) pyridinium perchlorates (I) are coupled with one equivalent epichlorohydrin (II) to give the N‐chlorohydroxypropyl derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Inotropic Activities of Imidazopyridines.
Authors: BARRACLOUGH P. , BLACK J. W. , CAMBRIDGE D. , GERSKOWITCH V. P. , HULL R. A. D. , LYER R. , KING W. R. , KNEEN C. O. , NOBBS M. S. , SHAH G. , SMITH S. , VINE S. J. , WHITING M. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA series of 2‐arylimidazopyridines such as (III), (VI), and (VIII) is prepared by different cyclocondensation methods outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Diazocarbonyl‐Substituted Heterocycles. Part 7. Synthesis, Reactions, and Structure of 2,4‐Diazido‐6‐diazoacetylpyrimidine.
Authors: KARTSEV V. G. , ALIEV Z. G. , VORONINA G. N. , ATOVMYAN L. O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStarting with the dihydroxypyrimidinecarboxylic acid (I), the title compound (VI) is prepared via the carboxylic chloride (II) and the diazo ketone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Pyridopyrimidine.
Authors: EL‐DEAN A. M. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 3‐aminotetrahydrothioxo‐4‐isoquinolinecarbonitrile (I) reacts with carbon disulfide (II) to form the dimercaptotetrahydropyrimidoisoquinolinethione (III) which is alkylated with the alkyl halides (IV) giving the bis‐S‐alkylated derivatives (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Tautomerism and Isomerism of Substituted α‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds. Isomerization of Phosphorylated Acylamino Ketones.
Authors: PIPKO S. E. , BALITSKII YU. V. , KOLODKA T. V. , SINITSA A. D. , POVOLOTSKII M. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractN‐Acetonylacetamide (I) is coupled with the phosphorochloridite (II) to give the O‐diethoxyphosphinoacetimidate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An N‐Phosphanyl‐C‐thiophosphoranylnitrilimine as Formal 1,4‐Dipole. Synthesis of 1,2,3λ5‐Diaza‐ and 1,2,4,3λ5‐Triazaphosphinines.
Authors: GRANIER M. , BACEIREDO A. , NIEGER M. , BERTRAND G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe remarkably stable title nitrilimine (I) possesses beside the nitrilimine unit the σ3λ3‐phosphorus as a second reactive center.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Novel Phosphorohydrazides and Hexahydro‐1,3,4,2‐thiadiazaphosphorin‐2,5‐dione(or 2‐thion‐5‐ones).
Authors: CHEN R.‐Y. , TANG J.‐S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhenylphosphonothioic dichloride (Ia) reacts with 2‐mercaptoacetic hydrazide (II) to form a moderate amount of the hexahydrothioxothiadiazaphosphorinnone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(2‐Pyridyl)phenyl Selenium Compounds: Synthesis and Properties. The Crystal Structure of 2‐(2‐Pyridyl)phenylselenium(II) Tribromomercurate(II).
Authors: MBOGO S. A. , LOBANA T. S. , MCWHINNIE W. R. , GREAVES M. R. , HAMOR T. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the Hg(II) compound (I) with SeX4 (II) involves both trans‐metalation and redox processes, the final products being the selenium(II) trichloro‐ and tribromomercurates(II) (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangements of Bridged Diallenes. A Facile Synthesis of Novel Condensed Heterocycles by Tandem (3,3)‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement and Double Intramolecular Michael Addition of Diallenyl Disulfides and Diselenides. Isolation of Stable Diallenyl Diselenides.
Authors: BRAVERMAN S. , FREUND M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe novel heterocycles (II) are prepared by the action of LiOMe on the thiocyanate (Ia) or the selenocyanate (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Tetranuclear Copper(II) Complexes by Continued Complexation of a New Class of Binucleating Ligand 3,3′‐Dimethoxy‐4,4′‐bis(1‐alkyl(R)triazene‐1‐oxide)biphenyl.
Authors: RAMACHANDRAIAH A. , SAROJINI T. , REDDY K. L. , ZACHARIAS P. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tetranuclear title complexes are prepared also with CuBr2 instead of (II).
ChemInform Abstract: The Four‐Carbon Elongation of Three‐Carbon Chiral Synthons Using 2‐(Trimethylsiloxy)furan: Highly Stereocontrolled Entry to Enantiomerically Pure Seven‐Carbon α,β‐Unsaturated 2,3‐Dideoxyaldonolactones.
Authors: CASIRAGHI G. , COLOMBO L. , RASSU G. , SPANU P. , GASPARRI FAVA G. , FERRARI BELICCHI M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe BF3‐promoted addition of the (trimethylsilyloxy)furan (II) to three‐carbon synthons derived from (D)‐ and (L)‐glyceraldehyde and serinal such as (I) yields the 2,3‐dideoxy‐aldonolactones (III) and (IV) with high level of diastereoselection in favor of the 4,5‐threo: 5,6‐erythro relative stereodisposition.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Transformations of Oximes of Acetalized 3‐Deoxyoctulosonates.
Authors: LEVITAN G. E. , KORNILOV V. I. , ZHDANOV YU. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the oximes (III) with lead tetraacetate leads to the formation of the nitro ketones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Two Analogues of Arachidonic Acid and Their Reactions with 12‐Lipoxygenase.
Authors: LABELLE M. , FALGUEYRET J.‐P. , RIENDEAU D. , ROKACH J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (VI) and (VII), analogues of arachidonic acid (VIII), are synthesized as shown in the scheme for (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoconvergent Synthesis of a Potent Mosquito Larvicide: (2E,4E,8E,10Z)‐N‐(2‐Methyl‐propyl)‐2,4,8,10‐dodecatetraeneamide.
Authors: SHARMA G. V. M. , SHEKHARAM T. , UPENDER V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bromide (VI) is synthesized using two different approaches and converted to the sulfone (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (9Z,15Z)‐(11S,12S,13S)‐11‐Hydroxy‐12,13‐epoxyoctadecadienoic Acid: Application of “Sharpless Kinetic Resolution” to Allyl Propargyl Alcohols.
Authors: YADAV J. S. , RADHAKRISHNA P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA simple and concise enantioselective synthesis of the title compound (IX) is achieved for the first time using the Sharpless kinetic resolution of allyl propargyl alcohols as the key steps (cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Dimethylamido Complexes and Ammonia as Precursors for the Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Nitride Thin Films.
Authors: GORDON R. G. , HOFFMAN D. M. , RIAZ U. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSi3N4 thin films are successfully deposited on silicon, vitreous carbon, boron, and quartz substrates by chemical vapor deposition using NH3 and (I), Si(NMe2)3H, or Si(NMe2)2H2 as precursors.
Screen‐printed Electrochemical Immunosensors for the Detection of Cancer and Cardiovascular Biomarkers
Authors: Rama Estefanía Costa , Costa‐García Agustín 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectrochemical immunosensors (EIs) for the determination of disease biomarkers has attracted a wide interest due to its high sensitivity, low cost, and possible integration in compact analytical devices. The use of screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) to develop EIs contributes to the great potential they have in point of care (POC) test, since SPEs show good electrical properties and allow the reduction of the electrochemical instrumentation down to small pocket‐size devices. Moreover, during the last years, SPEs have gone through significant improvements related to both their design and printing materials. Since cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the major threats of global health, there is a growing demand for the development of portable, rapid, simple and inexpensive devices for the detection of these diseases. This article presents an overview about the main biomarkers of cancer and cardiovascular diseases and the EIs based on SPEs for the detection of these biomarkers.
Innovation Capacity‐Building and Inclusive Development in Informal Settings: A Comparative Analysis of two Interactive Learning Spaces in South Africa and Malawi
Authors: Petersen Il‐haam , Kruss Glenda , Gastrow Michael , Nalivata Patson C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe extent to which innovation can contribute to improving the livelihoods of marginalised communities in informal settings is greatly influenced by the social ‘spaces’ created for interactive learning and problem‐solving, i.e. interactive learning spaces. This paper addresses an important issue: How do different models of inclusion influence the outcomes of innovation capacity‐building interventions? With the use of a network‐institutional approach, the paper analyses and compares two projects—in South Africa and Malawi—aimed at improving the livelihoods of small‐scale farmers through introducing new farming practices and organisational arrangements. The research raises important questions for assessing the impact of innovation for inclusive development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sorption, Release and Forms of Mercury in Contaminated Soils Stabilized with Water Treatment Residual Nanoparticles
Authors: Elkhatib Elsayed , Moharem Mohamed , Mahdy Ahmed , Mesalem Mohamed 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study was carried out to assess, for the first time, the effect of water treatment residual nanoparticles (nWTR) on mobility, fractionation and speciation of Hg in two arid zone soils. Nanoscale water treatment residual application markedly reduced cumulative Hg released from soils studied, with the effect increasing as the nWTR application rate increases. The power function kinetic model well described the desorption process from soils and soils with nWTR. Meanwhile, application of nWTR greatly increased the association of Hg with the residual fraction and increased the most stable Hg species (Hg (OH)2amor), which in turn enhanced Hg immobilization in the studied soils. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated the involvement of nWTR in the retention of Hg (II) and revealed that sorption occurred mainly through OH groups, which suggest inner‐sphere adsorption of Hg ions to surface functional groups on nWTR. These results demonstrated the feasibility of using a green and low‐cost nWTR as best management practice to retain and immobilize excess Hg in contaminated soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.