bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Logistics labor: Insights from the sociologies of globalization, the economy, and work
Authors: Sowers Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article identifies the origins of the rise of the logistics industry to highlight the powerful structural position that this endows on the industry and its workers. I begin by analyzing an often‐neglected aspect of globalization by describing the logistics, or goods movement industry, and identifying the role that the “logistics revolution” plays within the contemporary capitalist system. Then, synthesizing insights from global, economic, and labor sociology, I argue that the structural “brokerage” position of logistics workers in the global economy offers them key advantages on which labor and political movements might capitalize in struggles for economic justice and worker rights. I examine empirical research regarding labor organizing within logistics to determine if workers leverage this powerful position into concrete gains. Finally, I argue that more attention needs to be paid to how logistics workers recognize, articulate, and utilize their potentially powerful position in globalization flows. Future research should endeavor to understand how this can be achieved among wide groups of logistics workers to achieve the most success in labor and political movements.
A Role and Reference Grammar Account of Clause Linkage Development in Second Language: An Application to English and French
Authors: Buysse Manon , Housen Alex , Pierrard Michel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractClause linkage, or the combination of multiple propositions in one complex syntactic unit, is an important concept to be mastered by anyone acquiring a language. Though its role in both first (L1) and second (L2) language acquisition has been studied before (Diessel & Tomasello , Véronique , Klein & Perdue ), an overarching approach to its development is still lacking. This paper proposes a unified model of clause linkage and its development based on Role and Reference Grammar (Van Valin ) and tests this model's applicability to L2 acquisition by analyzing oral L2 English and French productions by Dutch‐speaking learners, focusing on the syntactic and the semantic aspect of clause linkage and on their interaction.
The image‐schematic basis of causation and concession in English and Spanish
Authors: Castaño Emilia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCognitive linguistics holds that meaning in language is the mapping between linguistic expressions and cognitive structures that arise from our direct sensory experience and interactions with the world. Taking as a starting point the notions of image schema (Lakoff & Johnson ) and force dynamics (Talmy ), in two experiments, we tested naïve subjects’ intuitions about the image‐schematic basis of causal and concessive discourse markers. In the first experiment, conducted in English and Spanish, subjects were confronted with a series of animation that depicted forceful interactions between two entities and were asked to make a force‐choice response indicating the sentences that best described the animations that they had watched. English and Spanish participants showed a general preference for descriptions with causal connectives when one of the entities involved in the interaction was overcome by the other. On the contrary, sentences with concessive connectors were favored when the attempts of one of the entities to control the other were unsuccessful. Similar results were obtained in a second experiment where subjects’ judgments were explicitly guided by the sentence connectors given that the linguistic descriptions that accompanied the animations included a nonce verb in their coda such that literal references to the notion of force were avoided. Altogether, these results support the hypothesis that there is consistency across‐ subjects in the imagistic basis of causal and concessive connectives, which seem to recruit our experiential knowledge about forces as part of their meaning.
Reduced Relatives and Extended Phases: A Phase‐Based Analysis of the Inflectional Restrictions on English Reduced Relative Clauses
Authors: Harwood William 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article aims to provide an analysis for a curious fact about reduced relative clauses in Standard English: while full relative clauses permit all forms of inflection, reduced relative clauses are restricted to passive and progressive inflections. This puzzle is explained by claiming that, while full relative clauses are comprised of both phases of the clausal spine, reduced relative clauses are comprised solely of the clause‐internal phase. Following the claim that the clause‐internal phase in English in fact extends as far as the progressive aspectual layer (Harwood,; Wurmbrand,; Ramchand & Svenonius; Aelbrecht & Harwood) this fully accounts for the inflectional restrictions on reduced relative clauses in Standard English.
Cytologic features of cutaneous follicular tumors and cysts in dogs
Authors: Adedeji Adeyemi O. , Affolter Verena K. , Christopher Mary M. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundFollicular tumors and cysts are common skin lesions in dogs. Both are distinguished based on their cellular origin (matrical, isthmus, or infundibular cells) and the type of keratin they produce. Typically, differentiation requires histopathology, as all these lesions often have similar cytologic features.ObjectivesThe goal of this retrospective study was to identify unique cytologic features that may assist differentiation of canine benign follicular tumors and cysts at cytology, using histopathology as gold standard.MethodsElectronic medical records of the University of California–Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were searched for diagnoses of follicular tumors and cysts in dogs that had both histopathologic and cytologic diagnoses between January 2000 and December 2013. Cytologic specimens were reassessed in a blinded manner for the presence and type of background, cells, noncellular elements, and inflammation.ResultsForty‐six samples were included in the study. Follicular cysts (n = 25) and infundibular keratinizing acanthomas (n = 5) contained sheets of keratinized anucleate to nucleated squamous cells. Trichoepitheliomas (n = 8) had 2 primary cytologic presentations: those with primarily basaloid cells that appeared to be undergoing keratinization (3/8; 38%) and those with keratinizing anucleate to nucleated squamous cells (5/8; 63%). Trichoblastomas (n = 8) had pink matrix with spindle cells and contained cohesive clusters of basaloid cells.ConclusionTrichoblastomas, and to a lesser extent, trichoepitheliomas, have unique cytologic features with the potential to distinguish them from other benign follicular tumors and cysts. These results are an important first step toward improving the diagnostic specificity of cytologic examination of cutaneous follicular lesions.
Commissioning a fast Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm for lung cancer treatment planning
Authors: Craig Jeff , Oliver Mike , Gladwish Adam , Mulligan Matt , Chen Jeff , Wong Eugene 
Published: March 2017

A commercial Monte Carlo simulation package, NXEGS 1.12 (NumeriX LLC, New York, NY), was commissioned for photon‐beam dose calculations. The same sets of measured data from 6‐MV and 18‐MV beams were used to commission NXEGS and Pinnacle 6.2b (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA). Accuracy and efficiency were compared against the collapsed cone convolution algorithm implemented in Pinnacle 6.2b, together with BEAM simulation (BEAMnrc 2001: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON). We investigated a number of options in NXEGS: the accuracy of fast Monte Carlo, the re‐implementation of EGS4, post‐processing technique (dose de‐noising algorithm), and dose calculation time. Dose distributions were calculated with NXEGS, Pinnacle, and BEAM in water, lung‐slab, and air‐cylinder phantoms and in a lung patient plan. We compared the dose distributions calculated by NXEGS, Pinnacle, and BEAM. In a selected region of interest (7725 voxels) in the lung phantom, all but 1 voxel had a γ (3% and 3 mm thresholds) of 1 or less for the dose difference between the NXEGS re‐implementation of EGS4 and BEAM, and 99% of the voxels had a γ of 1 or less for the dose difference between NXEGS fast Monte Carlo and BEAM. Fast Monte Carlo with post‐processing was up to 100 times faster than the NXEGS re‐implementation of EGS4, while maintainingstatistical uncertainty. With air inhomogeneities larger than 1 cm, post‐processing preserves the dose perturbations from the air cylinder. When 3 or more beams were used, fast Monte Carlo with post‐processing was comparable to or faster than Pinnacle 6.2b collapsed cone convolution.PACS numbers: 87.18.Bb, 87.53.Wz
Application of distance transformation on parameter optimization of inverse planning in intensity‐modulated radiation therapy
Authors: Yan Hui , Yin Fang‐Fang 
Published: March 2017

In inverse planning for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), the dose specification and related weighting factor of an objective function for involved organs is usually predefined by a single value and then iteratively optimized, subject to a set of dose—volume constraints. Because the actual dose distribution is essentially non‐uniform and considerably affected by the geometric shape and distribution of the anatomic structures involved, the spatial information regarding those structures should be incorporated such that the predefined parameter distribution is made to approach the clinically expected distribution. Ideally, these parameter distributions should be predefined on a voxel basis in a manual method. However, such an approach is too time‐consuming to be feasible in routine use.In the present study, we developed a computer‐aided method to achieve the goal described above, producing a non‐uniform parameter distribution based on spatial information about the anatomic structures involved. The method consists of two steps:

Use distance transformation technique to calculate the distance distribution of the structures.
Based on the distance distribution, produce the parameter distribution via a conversion function guided by prior knowledge.
We use two simulated cases to examine the effectiveness of the method. The results indicate that application of a non‐uniform parameter distribution produced by distance transformation clearly improves dose‐sparing of critical organs without compromising dose coverage of the planning target.PACS numbers: 87.53.Jw
Differential Antibody Responses to Conserved HIV-1 Neutralizing Epitopes in the Context of Multivalent Scaffolds and Native-Like gp140 Trimers
Authors: Morris Charles D. , Azadnia Parisa , de Val Natalia , Vora Nemil , Honda Andrew , Giang Erick , Saye-Francisco Karen , Cheng Yushao , Lin Xiaohe , Mann Colin J. , Tang Jeffrey , Sok Devin , Burton Dennis R. , Law Mansun , Ward Andrew B. , He Linling , Zhu Jiang 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have provided valuable insights into the humoral immune response to HIV-1. While rationally designed epitope scaffolds and well-folded gp140 trimers have been proposed as vaccine antigens, a comparative understanding of their antibody responses has not yet been established. In this study, we probed antibody responses to the N332 supersite and the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) in the context of heterologous protein scaffolds and native-like gp140 trimers. Ferritin nanoparticles and fragment crystallizable (Fc) regions were utilized as multivalent carriers to display scaffold antigens with grafted N332 and MPER epitopes, respectively. Trimeric scaffolds were also identified to stabilize the MPER-containing BG505 gp140.681 trimer in a native-like conformation. Following structural and antigenic evaluation, a subset of scaffold and trimer antigens was selected for immunization in BALB/c mice. Serum binding revealed distinct patterns of antibody responses to these two bNAb targets presented in different structural contexts. For example, the N332 nanoparticles elicited glycan epitope-specific antibody responses that could also recognize the native trimer, while a scaffolded BG505 gp140.681 trimer generated a stronger and more rapid antibody response to the trimer apex than its parent gp140.664 trimer. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of mouse splenic B cells revealed expansion of antibody lineages with long heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3) loops upon activation by MPER scaffolds, in contrast to the steady repertoires primed by N332 nanoparticles and a soluble gp140.664 trimer. These findings will facilitate the future development of a coherent vaccination strategy that combines both epitope-focused and trimer-based approaches.

IMPORTANCE
Both epitope-focused and trimer-based strategies are currently being explored in HIV-1 vaccine development, which aims to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting conserved epitopes on the viral envelope (Env). However, little is known about the differences in antibody response to these bNAb targets presented by foreign scaffolds and native Env. In this study, a systematic effort was undertaken to design multivalent epitope scaffolds and soluble gp140.681 trimers with a complete antigenic surface, and to comparatively analyze the antibody responses elicited by these antigens to the N332 supersite and MPER in a mouse model. This study will inform both epitope-focused and trimer-based vaccine design and will facilitate integration of the two vaccine strategies.
Lethal Consequences of Overcoming Metabolic Restrictions Imposed on a Cooperative Bacterial Population
Authors: Goo Eunhye , Kang Yongsung , Lim Jae Yun , Ham Hyeonheui , Hwang Ingyu 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Quorum sensing (QS) controls cooperative activities in many
Proteobacteria
. In some species, QS-dependent specific metabolism contributes to the stability of the cooperation. However, the mechanism by which QS and metabolic networks have coevolved to support stable public good cooperation and maintenance of the cooperative group remains unknown. Here we explored the underlying mechanisms of QS-controlled central metabolism in the evolutionary aspects of cooperation. In
Burkholderia glumae
, the QS-dependent glyoxylate cycle plays an important role in cooperativity. A bifunctional QS-dependent transcriptional regulator, QsmR, rewired central metabolism to utilize the glyoxylate cycle rather than the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Defects in the glyoxylate cycle caused metabolic imbalance and triggered high expression of the stress-responsive chaperonin GroEL. High-level expression of GroEL in glyoxylate cycle mutants interfered with the biosynthesis of a public resource, oxalate, by physically interrupting the oxalate biosynthetic enzyme ObcA. Under such destabilized cooperativity conditions, spontaneous mutations in the
qsmR
gene in glyoxylate cycle mutants occurred to relieve metabolic stresses, but these mutants lost QsmR-mediated pleiotropy. Overcoming the metabolic restrictions imposed on the population of cooperators among glyoxylate cycle mutants resulted in the occurrence and selection of spontaneous
qsmR
mutants despite the loss of other important functions. These results provide insight into how QS bacteria have evolved to maintain stable cooperation via QS-mediated metabolic coordination.

IMPORTANCE
We address how quorum sensing (QS) has coevolved with metabolic networks to maintain bacterial sociality. We found that QS-mediated metabolic rewiring is critical for sustainable bacterial cooperation in
Burkholderia glumae
. The loss of the glyoxylate cycle triggered the expression of the stress-responsive molecular chaperonin GroEL. Excessive biosynthesis of GroEL physically hampered biosynthesis of a public good, oxalate. This is one good example of how molecular chaperones play critical roles in bacterial cooperation. In addition, we showed that metabolic restrictions in the glyoxylate cycle acted as a selection pressure on metabolic networks; there were spontaneous mutations in the
qsmR
gene to relieve such stresses. However, the presence of spontaneous
qsmR
mutants had tragic consequences for a cooperative population of
B. glumae
due to failure of
qsmR
-dependent activation of public good biosynthesis. These results provide a good example of a bacterial strategy for robust cooperation via QS-mediated metabolic rewiring.
Reactions on Twitter to updated alcohol guidelines in the UK: a content analysis
Authors: Stautz Kaidy , Bignardi Giacomo , Hollands Gareth J , Marteau Theresa M 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesIn January 2016, the 4 UK Chief Medical Officers released a public consultation regarding updated guidelines for low-risk alcohol consumption. This study aimed to assess responses to the updated guidelines using comments made on Twitter.MethodsTweets containing the hashtag #alcoholguidelines made during 1 week following the announcement of the updated guidelines were retrieved using the Twitter Archiver tool. The source, sentiment and themes of the tweets were categorised using manual content analysis.ResultsA total of 3061 tweets was retrieved. 6 sources were identified, the most prominent being members of the public. Of 821 tweets expressing sentiment specifically towards the guidelines, 80% expressed a negative sentiment. 11 themes were identified, 3 of which were broadly supportive of the guidelines, 7 broadly unsupportive and 1 neutral. Overall, more tweets were unsupportive (49%) than supportive (44%). While the most common theme overall was sharing information, the most common in tweets from members of the public encouraged alcohol consumption (15%) or expressed disagreement with the guidelines (14%), reflecting reactance, resistance and misunderstanding.ConclusionsThis descriptive analysis revealed a number of themes present in unsupportive comments towards the updated UK alcohol guidelines among a largely proalcohol community. An understanding of these may help to tailor effective communication of alcohol and health-related policies, and could inform a more dynamic approach to health communication via social media.
An unusual presentation of actinomycosis in a dairy cow
Authors: Gillespie Amy , Bortolami Alessio , Crosby‐Durrani Hayley , Verin Ranieri 
Published: March 2017

A first lactation dairy cow (in late gestation) presented with a hard round swelling of the right olecranon and slight lameness. A lateromedial radiograph of the right olecranon had a mottled appearance with indistinct borders.Bone biopsy was performed post calving. Histology showed fibrosis and reactive changes, however this sample was considered too superficial and not representative of the whole lesion.Based on the differential diagnoses treatment was not possible and the cow was culled at the end of her lactation. At slaughter the forelimb was retained for further analysis. Grossly, the olecranon was severely enlarged, irregular with multiple yellow granulomas in the cortex and medulla of the bone. Histology showed multifocal pyogranulomas containing bacteria, Splendore‐Hoeppli material and surrounded by remodelled bone and fibrosis.Despite displaying biochemical properties characteristic of Actinomycesspecies this could not be confirmed by partial 16s rRNA sequencing and the organism could not be definitively speciated.
Structural stability of alloyed and core–shell Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Peng Hongcheng , Qi Weihong , Ji Wenhai , Li Siqi , He Jieting 
Published: March 2017

Combining the bond-energy model and Debye theory, we generalized the Gibbs free energy model for Cu–Pt nanoparticles (NPs) by introducing a shape factor considering the shape effect. We studied the structural stability of the Cu–Pt NPs and plotted the corresponding composition-, shape- and size-dependent phase diagrams. It is shown that the Cu–Pt NPs can form alloyed structure in a large size range. But when the particle size continues to decrease, the NPs will form the core–shell structure due to surface segregation. Meanwhile, the composition segregation could make the atoms of less-content element to gather in the surface. The predictions from the present calculated phase diagrams are consistent with a series of experimental results in literatures. To further prove the efficiency of the phase diagrams, we synthesized the alloyed Cu–Pt NPs of 4–15 nm by a co-reduction method, which is in agreement with the predictions from the phase diagrams.
Added Value of Serum Hormone Measurements in Risk Prediction Models for Breast Cancer for Women Not Using Exogenous Hormones: Results from the EPIC Cohort
Authors: Hüsing Anika , Fortner Renée T. , Kühn Tilman , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Severi Gianluca , Fournier Agnes , Boeing Heiner , Trichopoulou Antonia , Benetou Vassiliki , Orfanos Philippos , Masala Giovanna , Pala Valeria , Tumino Rosario , Fasanelli Francesca , Panico Salvatore , Bueno de Mesquita H. Bas , Peeters Petra H. , van Gills Carla H. , Quirós J. Ramón , Agudo Antonio , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores , Barricarte Aurelio , Amiano Pilar , Khaw Kay-Tee , Travis Ruth C. , Dossus Laure , Li Kuanrong , Ferrari Pietro , Merritt Melissa A. , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Riboli Elio , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Circulating hormone concentrations are associated with breast cancer risk, with well-established associations for postmenopausal women. Biomarkers may represent minimally invasive measures to improve risk prediction models.
Experimental Design: We evaluated improvements in discrimination gained by adding serum biomarker concentrations to risk estimates derived from risk prediction models developed by Gail and colleagues and Pfeiffer and colleagues using a nested case–control study within the EPIC cohort, including 1,217 breast cancer cases and 1,976 matched controls. Participants were pre- or postmenopausal at blood collection. Circulating sex steroids, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, IGF-binding protein 3, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were evaluated using backward elimination separately in women pre- and postmenopausal at blood collection. Improvement in discrimination was evaluated as the change in concordance statistic (C-statistic) from a modified Gail or Pfeiffer risk score alone versus models, including the biomarkers and risk score. Internal validation with bootstrapping (1,000-fold) was used to adjust for overfitting.
Results: Among women postmenopausal at blood collection, estradiol, testosterone, and SHBG were selected into the prediction models. For breast cancer overall, model discrimination after including biomarkers was 5.3 percentage points higher than the modified Gail model alone, and 3.4 percentage points higher than the Pfeiffer model alone, after accounting for overfitting. Discrimination was more markedly improved for estrogen receptor–positive disease (percentage point change in C-statistic: 7.2, Gail; 4.8, Pfeiffer). We observed no improvement in discrimination among women premenopausal at blood collection.
Conclusions: Integration of hormone measurements in clinical risk prediction models may represent a strategy to improve breast cancer risk stratification. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4181–9. ©2017 AACR.