bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with myasthenia gravis, pemphigus foliaceus and chronic thyroiditis after thymectomy
Authors: Sawamura Soichiro , Kajihara Ikko , Makino Katsunari , Makino Takamitsu , Fukushima Satoshi , Jinnin Masatoshi , Oyama Bungo , Hashimoto Takashi , Ihn Hironobu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA 65‐year‐old woman had undergone a thymectomy for thymoma and 1 year after surgery she developed scattered erosive erythema with scaling and crusting. Examination findings exhibited the elevation of anti‐dsDNA antibody, anti‐desmoglein 1 antibody, anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody and anti‐thyroglobulin antibody. A skin biopsy showed intraepidermal blisters containing neutrophils and acantholytic keratinocytes and direct immunofluorescence revealed the deposition of immunoglobulin G in the epidermis and on the basement membrane. These findings indicated the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), myasthenia gravis, pemphigus foliaceus and chronic thyroiditis. Only 1% of SLE patients have three other autoimmune diseases according to previous publications. Our case is rare because she suffered four autoimmune diseases after the thymectomy.
Madura foot caused by Gordonia terrae misdiagnosed as Nocardia
Authors: Zampella John G , Kwatra Shawn G , Kazi Najiya , Aguh Crystal 
Published: June 2016

AbstactActinomycetomas are soft tissue bacterial infections that are in the differential for unusual masses of the extremities. Typical infectious agents include Actinomyces and Nocardia and are treated with long‐term antibiotics. We report a rare case of Gordonia actinomycetoma that was misdiagnosed as Nocardia and subsequently required surgical excision in addition to antibiotic therapy.
Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy: a controlled prospective study on visual recovery after endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Nielsen Esben , Ivarsen Anders , Kristensen Simon , Hjortdal Jesper 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the determining factors of vision and subjective outcome after Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) for Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy (FECD).MethodsIn a prospective study, 41 FECD patients who received DSAEK were compared to 40 cataract patients with normal corneas who received cataract surgery (control group). Subjects were recruited between March 2013 and July 2014. Observational procedures included the following: best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), Catquest‐9SF questionnaire, Scheimpflug tomography and anterior OCT. Examinations were carried out before surgery and at 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. Main outcome measures were associations between corneal optics and visual parameters, as well as subjective improvement (Catquest‐9SF effect size)ResultsBest‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) negatively correlated with anterior higher‐order aberrations (HOA's) (p < 0.001) and central corneal thickness (p = 0.001). Contrast sensitivity (CS) was negatively correlated with anterior HOA's (p = 0.002) and positively correlated with posterior densitometry (p = 0.008). Catquest‐9SF effect size was 1.32 (CI: 1.0–1.6) in the control group, 1.84 (CI: 1.4–2.3) in FECD patients who received phacoemulsification and intra‐ocular lens implantation in combination with DSAEK (n = 26) and 1.37 (CI: 0.6–2.1) in pseudophakic FECD patients who received DSAEK (n = 15).ConclusionsDSAEK surgery leads to considerable improvement in patient‐reported outcome in FECD patients. There was a strong correlation between anterior HOA's and vision after DSAEK, suggesting that anterior corneal pathology constitutes the major limitation for visual recovery after DSAEK.
Experiences and perspectives of children attending a weight loss camp in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Li X. , Zhou X. , Hesketh T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundModernisation, urbanisation and the globalisation of food markets have exposed Chinese children to an obesogenic environment. With the dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children, there are now over 2000 weight loss camps for children. The aim of this study was to investigate how one typical weight loss camp operates and to explore the experiences and perceptions of children attending the camp.MethodsThis study utilised ethnographic techniques and semi‐structured interviews with children attending a 28‐day summer weight loss camp in Hangzhou, China. All children attending at the time of the study were included. Field notes were taken, and interviews with children were recorded, transcribed and analysed into themes.ResultsNine boys and 10 girls aged 7–18 years with a body mass index ranging from 21 to 37 kg/m2 were interviewed. The weight loss programme combined dietary restriction (<350 calories/meal) and a daily schedule of 8 h of exercise in outdoor temperatures of around 40 °C. Field observation and interviews showed that the regime was distressing for all the children who suffered hunger and exhaustion leading to crying, squabbling, fighting and desperate phone calls to parents. All felt their weight loss could not be sustained.ConclusionsThe extreme conditions and total absence of health and nutrition education at the camp were of great concern. Parents should be aware of the potential dangers and long‐term ineffectiveness of such interventions. At the very least, these camps must be subject to regulation.
Opioid agonist doses for oxycodone and morphine dependence: Findings from a retrospective case series
Authors: Nielsen Suzanne , Bruno Raimondo , Degenhardt Louisa , Demirkol Apo , Lintzeris Nicholas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionUse of opioid agonist treatments for prescription opioid (PO) dependence is rapidly increasing. Current guidelines are based on research with heroin users. This study aimed to examine methadone and buprenorphine dose requirements for PO‐dependent people.Design and MethodsA retrospective case series of PO‐dependent patients entering methadone and buprenorphine treatment. Daily oral morphine equivalent (OME) doses at baseline were calculated using standard dose conversion calculations. Dose conversion tables were used to estimate opioid agonist doses, based on starting dose of PO. Baseline methadone and buprenorphine dose at days 7 and 28 were examined. Linear models were fit to the data.ResultsParticipants (n = 44) were 67% male, mean age 41 years (SD 10 years); 69% reported a pain condition. The methadone group (n = 21) had a mean PO dose of 704.5 mg OME (SD 783.5 mg) prior to treatment, and mean methadone dose of 45.3 mg (SD 13.1 mg) at day 7 and 61.6 mg (SD 20.8 mg) at day 28. The buprenorphine group (n = 23) had a mean PO dose of 771.7 mg OME (SD 867.7 mg) prior to treatment, with a mean dose of 14.6 mg (SD 8.3 mg) at day 7 and 18.1 (SD 8.9 mg) at day 28. Linear relationships were not found between OME and opioid agonist dose.ConclusionsOpioid agonist dosages varied substantially between individuals, and from predicted dosages based on dose conversion tables. Use of conversion tables to guide selection of opioid agonist dosage may compromise patient safety. [Nielsen S, Bruno R, Degenhardt L, Demirkol A, Lintzeris N. Opioid agonist doses for oxycodone and morphine dependence: Findings from a retrospective case series Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:311–316]
Conservative interdisciplinary treatment of a case with multiple facial and condyle fractures
Authors: Lee You‐Sun , Yi Yang‐Jin , Kim Young‐Kyun , Lee Nam‐Ki , Larson Brent E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this case report is to describe an interdisciplinary approach for a 51‐year‐old male who underwent multiple facial fractures including bilateral condyle fractures. The patient underwent emergency surgery, which included open reduction of the maxilla and mandibular symphysis and closed reduction of the bilateral condyle fractures. Although the patient recovered a comfortable range of mouth opening and alleviation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms after surgery, he suffered from a large anterior–posterior discrepancy due to less stability on the condyle‐fossa relationships and from open bite with contacts only on both second molars and right second premolars. In this case, first, to increase the occlusal contact, comprehensive orthodontic treatment was completed. Second, occlusal equilibration was selectively performed to relieve the interferences and establish a stable range of mandibular movement without any changes in the vertical dimension. Third, both the upper central incisors and left lateral incisor were minimally restored with splinted and single zirconia crowns, which had modified lingual contours to provide adequate anterior guidance permitting the anterior–posterior discrepancy of the posterior teeth during protrusion. This conservative interdisciplinary treatment, including open and closed reduction, orthodontic treatment, occlusal adjustment, and minimal prosthetic restorations, resulted in a stable mandibular position and recovery of mastication function.
Early intervention for incipient insanity: early notions from the 19th century English literature
Authors: Chau Hang Sze , Chong Wai Sun , Wong Josephine Grace Wing San , Hung Gabriel Bing Kei , Lui Simon Sai Yu , Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Chang Wing Chung , Hui Christy Lai Ming , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , McGorry Patrick D. , Jones Peter B. , Chen Eric Yu Hai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimEarly intervention programmes in mental illnesses started to bloom in the 1990s, and many programmes have been established worldwide during the past twenty years. However, the concept of early intervention has emerged during the 19th century but it did not make much impact on practice. The aim of this review is to identify the difficulties appeared during that period of time which could provide insight into the modern development of early intervention initiatives.MethodsA narrative review which focused on English literature about early intervention for insanity during the 19th century was undertaken.ResultsClinicians during the 19th century recognized that treatment would be the most effective at the early stage of the mental illness and they had emphasized the importance of early intervention. However, because of a number of factors, such as the limited roles of asylums, lack of knowledge about mental disorder and the lack of effective treatment, the idea of early intervention did not make impact in clinical service during that period of time.ConclusionDuring the past two hundred years, understanding towards mental illness has advanced and more effective treatments, such as the use of anti‐psychotic medications, have been developed. Reflecting on the past experience and difficulties might shed light on the development of today early intervention in mental disorder.
Predictive value of hypoglycin A and methylencyclopropylacetic acid conjugates in a horse with atypical myopathy in comparison to its cograzing partners
Authors: Bochnia M. , Scheidemann W. , Ziegler J. , Sander J. , Vollstedt S. , Glatter M. , Janzen N. , Terhardt M. , Zeyner A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryHypoglycin A (HGA) was detected in blood and urine of a horse suffering from atypical myopathy (AM; Day 2, serum, 8290 μg/l; urine: Day 1, 574, Day 2, 742 μg/l) and in its cograzing partners with a high variability (46–1570 μg/l serum). Over the period of disease, the level of the toxic metabolites (methylencyclopropylacetic acid [MCPA]‐conjugates) increased in body fluids of the AM horse (MCPA‐carnitine: Day 2, 0.246, Day 3, 0.581 μmol/l serum; MCPA‐carnitine: Day 2, 0.621, Day 3, 0.884 μmol/mmol creatinine in urine) and HGA decreased rapidly (Day 3, 2430 μg/l serum). In cograzing horses MCPA‐conjugates were not detected. HGA in seeds ranged from 268 to 367 μg/g. Although HGA was present in body fluids of healthy cograzing horses, MCPA‐conjugates were not detectable, in contrast to the AM horse. Therefore, increasing concentrations of MCPA‐conjugates are supposed to be linked with the onset of AM and both parameters seem to indicate the clinical stage of disease. However, detection of HGA in body fluids of cograzing horses might be a promising step in preventing the disease.
Bergmann's rule in the oceans? Temperature strongly correlates with global interspecific patterns of body size in marine mammals
Authors: Torres‐Romero Erik Joaquín , Morales‐Castilla Ignacio , Olalla‐Tárraga Miguel Á. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimBergmann's rule remains unexplored in marine mammals. We first examine at a global extent whether these organisms show the same interspecific pattern reported for terrestrial mammals and then evaluate the influence of current environmental conditions and human impacts on the observed patterns.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe used range maps to document interspecific body size gradients and examined six environmental and human‐based hypotheses. We analysed the data using a comparative cross‐species method and a spatially explicit assemblage approach at three different grain sizes (200 km × 200 km, 400 km × 400 km and 800 km × 800 km). The associations between hypothesis‐linked predictors and body size were analysed through simple and multiple regressions that controlled for both spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelation.ResultsWe detected clear global latitudinal body size gradients, following a Bergmannian pattern (i.e. increasing size polewards). Consistently across methodological approaches (cross‐species and assemblage analyses) and grain sizes, sea surface temperature is the best predictor. Spatially, the temperature–size relationship is stronger in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. Pinniped body sizes are critically constrained by temperature world‐wide whereas cetacean size clines show a weaker, albeit dominant, association with temperature.Main conclusionsAs in terrestrial mammals, our findings show that ambient temperature better explains interspecific body size patterns in cetaceans, and especially pinnipeds, world‐wide. Large‐bodied species are favoured in colder environments, in accordance with Bergmann's rule and the heat conservation hypothesis. However, our analyses also reveal a relevant role for salinity and primary productivity in migratory cetacean species. The large body sizes of baleen whales are essential for migration, for survival during fasting periods and minimizing the effects of temperature variation. This finding highlights the importance of spatially and phylogenetically explicit deconstructive approaches, considering alternative hypotheses to the traditional physiological mechanism, to gain a better understanding of Bergmann's rule.
Effect of yttrium‐90 radioembolization on outcomes in Asian patients with early to advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Woo Hyun Young , Kim Do Young , Heo Jeong , Kim Chang Won , Kim Suk , Yoon Ki Tae , Lim Won , Hong Young Mi , Won Jong Yun , Lee Sangheun , Han Kwang Hyub , Cho Mong 
Published: June 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of yttrium‐90 radioembolization on the outcome of Asian patients with early to advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsSixty‐two patients were screened and 50 patients (80.6%) were eligible. Response was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), and overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage was A in 40% of patients, B in 24%, and C in 36%; 66% of patients had hepatitis B virus infections. According to RECIST criteria, partial responses occurred in 40% of patients, and stable disease was achieved in 46%. Tumor response was significantly associated with BCLC stage (P = 0.003). The median overall time to progression was 5.8 months (range, 0.9–46.1 months). Follow‐up treatments after radioembolization were carried out in 31 patients due to remnant HCC (n = 18) or HCC progression (n = 13). The median overall survival was 40.9 months (95% confidence interval, 10.2–71.6 months). Treatment was tolerable except for one lung toxicity and two hepatic toxicities.ConclusionYttrium‐90 radioembolization appears to be well tolerated and effective in Asian patients with BCLC stage A–C HCC. Follow‐up treatments after radioembolization can be safely provided.
The ‘switch on–switch off model’: Strategies used by nurses to mentally prepare and disengage from work
Authors: Manomenidis Georgios , Panagopoulou Efharis , Montgomery Anthony 
Published: June 2016

There is considerable research on the experience of nurses during both their work and non‐work time. However, we know relatively little about the strategies nurses use immediately before and immediately after their shift. This crossover period, from one shift to another, has critical impact for patient outcomes. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore strategies nurses employ to mentally prepare for their shift (switch on), and mentally disengage after the end of it (switch off).Eleven Greek hospital nurses were recruited for the study. Interviews were audio‐taped and analysed using a content analysis approach.Five themes were identified as strategies nurses use to mentally prepare and disengage from their shift: (i) personal care/grooming; (ii) religious rituals; (iii) nicotine/caffeine; (iv) social interaction; and (v) listening to music. Nurses reported using the same strategies before and after their shift, but for different purposes.The authors propose a ‘switch on–switch off’ model to describe the process of mental preparation and mental disengagement from work. The switch‐on/off approach represents an opportunity to increase nurses' resilience and identify individual and organizational factors that contribute to patient outcomes.
Toll‐like receptor‐2 exacerbates murine acute viral hepatitis
Authors: Bleau Christian , Burnette Mélanie , Filliol Aveline , Piquet‐Pellorce Claire , Samson Michel , Lamontagne Lucie 
Published: June 2016

SummaryViral replication in the liver is generally detected by cellular endosomal Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic helicase sensors that trigger antiviral inflammatory responses. Recent evidence suggests that surface TLR2 may also contribute to viral detection through recognition of viral coat proteins but its role in the outcome of acute viral infection remains elusive. In this study, we examined in vivo the role of TLR2 in acute infections induced by the highly hepatotrophic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) type 3 and weakly hepatotrophic MHV‐A59 serotype. To address this, C57BL/6 (wild‐type; WT) and TLR2 knockout (KO) groups of mice were intraperitoneally infected with MHV3 or MHV‐A59. MHV3 infection provoked a fulminant hepatitis in WT mice, characterized by early mortality and high alanine and aspartate transaminase levels, histopathological lesions and viral replication whereas infection of TLR2 KO mice was markedly less severe. MHV‐A59 provoked a comparable mild and subclinical hepatitis in WT and TLR2 KO mice. MHV3‐induced fulminant hepatitis in WT mice correlated with higher hepatic expression of interferon‐β, interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α, CXCL1, CCL2, CXCL10 and alarmin (interleukin‐33) than in MHV‐A59‐infected WT mice and in MHV3‐infected TLR2 KO mice. Intrahepatic recruited neutrophils, natural killer cells, natural killer T cells or macrophages rapidly decreased in MHV3‐infected WT mice whereas they were sustained in MHV‐A59‐infected WT mice and MHV3‐infected TLR2 KO. MHV3 in vitro infection of macrophagic cells induced rapid and higher viral replication and/or interleukin‐6 induction in comparison to MHV‐A59, and depended on viral activation of TLR2 and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase. Taken together, these results support a new aggravating inflammatory role for TLR2 in MHV3‐induced acute fulminant hepatitis.
A Secular Increase in the Equity Risk Premium
Authors: Daly Kevin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThere is an increasing consensus that global ‘excess saving’ has contributed to a reduction in equilibrium real interest rates. While economists dispute the extent of the decline, few now question that a decline has taken place or that excess saving has played a causal role. A key implication of this narrative is a decline in yields of all assets, including but not restricted to government bond yields. Yet, since the turn of the century, yields on global equity have risen. A complementary explanation is that there has been an increase in the global equity risk premium (ERP), which has simultaneously pushed risk‐free yield curves lower and equity yields higher. Applying a sign restrictions approach, I find that excess savings shocks were the predominant force affecting global real bond yields between the mid‐1980s and 2000 but that ‘risk premium’ shocks have accounted for more of the decline in real bond yields since 2000.
Comparative Ability of the Pain Disability Questionnaire in Predicting Health Outcomes
Authors: Lippe Ben , Gatchel Robert J. , Noe Carl , Robinson Richard , Huber Elizabeth , Jones Stephanie 
Published: June 2016

As chronic pain contributes to tremendous personal and societal costs, efforts at identifying and understanding pain‐related disability via the biopsychosocial model have become increasingly important in addressing pain‐related health outcomes. This study attempted to compare the predictive ability of the Pain Disability Questionnaire against other established measures in terms of health and pain‐related outcomes. The sample consisted of 254 adult chronic pain patients seeking treatment through an interdisciplinary chronic pain management clinic. Participants were administered a battery of assessments including the Pain Disability Questionnaire and other established measures of health and pain‐related outcomes (e.g., NIH PROMIS measures) at baseline and post‐treatment time points. Results demonstrated convergent validity between the Pain Disability Questionnaire and the other study measures. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed significant associations between pain‐related disability as measured by the Pain Disability Questionnaire and a range of biopsychosocial outcomes. Pain Disability Questionnaire scores, as placed in categorical severity levels, demonstrated good discriminative abilities in terms of predicting health‐related factors. These findings support the clinical use of the Pain Disability Questionnaire as an empirically supported predictor of health‐related outcomes as compared with other established measures of pain and health outcomes.