bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF LIGAND‐FREE TRANSITION‐METAL DIHYDRIDES IN LOW‐TEMPERATURE MATRIXES: MANGANESE DIHYDRIDE, MNH2
Authors: OZIN G. A. , MCCAFFREY J. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEine neue Methode zur Herstellung Liganden‐freier Ubergangsmetall‐Dihydride in Tieftemp‐Matrices, bei der keine anderen Hydride (MnH") und keine H‐Atome in der Matrix auftreten, wird vorgestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: The Tandem Claisen‐Ene Rearrangement: A Method for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopentanoids. The Effect of the Trimethylsilyl Group on the Regiochemistry of the Ene Reaction.
Authors: ZIEGLER F. E. , MENCEL J. J. , MIKAMI K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Thermolyse des Cyclopentenylvinylethers (I) liefert in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und der Reaktionszeit unter mehrfacher Claisen‐Umlagerung die aufgeführten Folgeprodukte (II) und (III) sowie (IV) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN FOSSIL FUELS. 1. 17α AND 17β ISOMERS OF 30‐NORHOPANE AND 30‐NORMORETANE
Authors: BAUER P. E. , DUNLAP N. K. , ARSENIYADI S. , WATT D. S. , SEIFERT W. K. , MOLDOWAN J. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Synthese der Verbindungen (IV) und (V) wird auf der Basis von (I) beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Analogs and Oligomers of N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)glycine and Their Gastrointestinal Absorption in the Rat.
Authors: HEIMER E. P. , GALLO‐TORRES H. E. , FELIX A. M. , AHMAD M. , LAMBROS T. J. , SCHEIDL F. , MEIENHOFER J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den Diaminen (I) werden die Aminoalkylaminosäuren (III) hergestellt.
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Predicts Severity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators
Authors: Sawatari Hiroyuki , Ohkusa Tomoko , Rahamawati Anita , Ishikawa Katsuhiko , Tsuchihashi‐Makaya Miyuki , Ohtsuka Yuko , Nakai Mori , Miyazono Mami , Hashiguchi Nobuko , Chishaki Hiroaki , Sakurada Harumizu , Mukai Yasushi , Inoue Shujiro , Sunagawa Kenji , Chishaki Akiko 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundImplantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD) have provided effective therapy for fatal arrhythmia. However, ICD patients are known to develop psychological problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), if they have experienced potentially fatal arrhythmia and ICD shocks. Little is known about the factors influencing PTSD in ICD patients.HypothesisEchocardiographic cardiac‐function parameters might relate to psychological problems, especially PTSD, in ICD patients.MethodsA total of 128 outpatients with ICD implantation completed the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES‐R) questionnaire as a measurement of PTSD. Demographic and clinical characteristic data were collected from medical records.ResultsThe mean age of the ICD patients was 59 ± 16 years; 103 were male; and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography was 52.4% ± 18.3%. In the ICD patients, female sex and impaired LVEF were related to lower IES‐R scores or led to PTSD (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively). Impaired LVEF also worsened 2 symptoms of PTSD, intrusion (P = 0.02) and hyperarousal (P = 0.03). In patients with LVEF <35%, there was a significant negative correlation between LVEF level and IES‐R score (P = 0.045).ConclusionsThis study showed that LVEF was related to the severity of PTSD, especially in the ICD patients with LVEF of <35%. We should pay more attention to ICD patients with severely impaired left ventricular function to prevent psychological problems.
Polypharmacology in Drug Development: A Minireview of Current Technologies
Authors: Tan Zhi , Chaudhai Rajan , Zhang Shuxing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPolypharmacology, the process in which a single drug is able to bind to multiple targets specifically and simultaneously, is an emerging paradigm in drug development. The potency of a given drug can be increased through the engagement of multiple targets involved in a certain disease. Polypharmacology may also help identify novel applications of existing drugs through drug repositioning. However, many problems and challenges remain in this field. Rather than covering all aspects of polypharmacology, this Minireview is focused primarily on recently reported techniques, from bioinformatics technologies to cheminformatics approaches as well as text‐mining‐based methods, all of which have made significant contributions to the research of polypharmacology.
Design and Development of a Cyclic Decapeptide Scaffold with Suitable Properties for Bioavailability and Oral Exposure
Authors: Fouché Marianne , Schäfer Michael , Berghausen Jörg , Desrayaud Sandrine , Blatter Markus , Piéchon Philippe , Dix Ina , Martin Garcia Aimar , Roth Hans‐Jörg 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPermeability and oral bioavailability of macrocyclic peptides still represent difficult challenges in drug discovery. Despite the recognized potential of macrocyclic peptides as therapeutics, their use is still restricted to extracellular targets and intravenous administration. Indeed, macrocyclic peptides generally suffer from limited proteolytic stability, high clearance, and poor membrane permeability, and this leads to the absence of systemic exposure after oral administration. To overcome these limitations, we started to investigate the development of a general cyclic decapeptide scaffold that possesses ideal features for cell permeability and oral exposure. On the basis of a rigid hairpin structure, the scaffold design aimed to decrease the overall polarity of the compound, thereby limiting the energetic cost of NH desolvation and the entropy penalty during cell penetration. The results of this study also demonstrate the importance of rigidity for the β‐turn design regarding clearance. To stabilize the scaffold in the desired β‐hairpin conformation, the introduction of d‐proline at the i+1 turn position proved to be beneficial for both permeability and clearance. As a result, cyclopeptide decamers with unprecedented high values for oral bioavailability and exposure are reported herein. NMR spectroscopy conformation and dynamic analysis confirmed, for selected examples, the rigidity of the scaffold and the presence of transannular hydrogen bonds in polar and apolar environments. Furthermore, we showed, for one compound, that its transition from a polar environment to an apolar one was accompanied by an increased molecular motion, revealing an entropy contribution to membrane permeation.
MicroRNA signatures in cytopathology: Are they ready for prime time?
Authors: Beca Francisco , Schmitt Fernando 
Published: May 2016

In this issue of Cancer Cytopathology, Mancuso et al evaluate the use of a defined microRNA signature as a prognostic factor in small cell lung cancer. This editorial briefly comments on their article and shares views on the use of microRNA panels in contemporary practice in cytopathology.See also pages 621‐9.
Optimal Activation of Porous Carbon for High Performance CO2 Capture
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon , Kwac Kijeong , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Lim Soo Yeon , Jung Dae Soo , Jung Yousung , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVarious porous materials have shown a great promise as dry sorbents for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture utilizing their large surface areas. Although there have been considerable efforts to find optimal pore size and geometry for a variety of porous materials, systematic experimental study covering various key parameters beside CO2 uptake, such as isosteric heat and selectivity against other gas, is unavailable. Here, we systemically investigate the pore size effect on the CO2 uptake and selectivity for porous activated carbon. We found that at each temperature and pressure, there exists an optimal intermediate activation condition that makes the pore size most appropriate for CO2 uptake and selectivity. Further activation increases the pore size and weakens CO2‐wall interaction. This study provides an important lesson that the pore activation of porous carbon should be controlled at an optimal intermediate point to maximize CO2‐wall interaction.
A Frequency Function and Singular Set Bounds for Branched Minimal Immersions
Authors: Simon Leon , Wickramasekera Neshan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe establish a frequency function monotonicity formula for two‐valued C1,α solutions to the minimal surface system on n‐dimensional domains. We also establish the sharp regularity result that such solutions are of class C1, 1/2, and that their branch sets, if nonempty, have Hausdorff dimension equal to n‐2.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Icosahedral Silver Nanoparticles by Using a Photoassisted Tartrate Reduction Method under UV Light with a Wavelength of 310 nm
Authors: Xie Zhi‐Xuan , Tzeng Wei‐Che , Huang Cheng‐Liang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA photoassisted citrate reduction reaction under blue LEDs is an easy and highly reproducible method to synthesize high‐yield decahedral silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the absence of seeds in the initial photochemical reaction. In this study, icosahedral AgNPs with sizes of 80 to 150 nm could be synthesized by using the photoassisted tartrate reduction method under UV light with a wavelength of λ=(310±12) nm. The product yield of icosahedral AgNPs is higher than 90 %. SAED (selected‐area electron diffraction) patterns and XRD (X‐ray diffraction) spectra show that these AgNPs have multiply twinned structures. High‐resolution TEM and dark‐field TEM show that the facet of the triangular planes of these icosahedral AgNPs is {111}. This is the first report of icosahedral AgNPs synthesized by using a seed‐free photochemical method. SERS (surface‐enhanced Raman scattering) of Crystal Violet (CV) measurements show that the as‐prepared icosahedral AgNP colloids have excellent SERS enhancement factors, which are approximately four and six times the enhancement factors of decahedral AgNP colloids and thermal‐citrate‐reduction AgNP colloids, respectively.
Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence as an Excitation Source in the Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer: A Critical Review
Authors: Magalhães Carla M. , Esteves da Silva Joaquim C. G. , Pinto da Silva Luís 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is known for its limited number of side effects, and requires light, oxygen and photosensitizer. However, PDT is limited by poor penetration of light into deeply localized tissues, and the use of external light sources is required. Thus, researchers have been studying ways to improve the effectiveness of this phototherapy and expand it for the treatment of the deepest cancers, by using chemiluminescent or bioluminescent formulations to excite the photosensitizer by intracellular generation of light. The aim of this Minireview is to give a précis of the most important general chemi‐/bioluminescence mechanisms and to analyze several studies that apply them for PDT. These studies have demonstrated the potential of utilizing chemi‐/bioluminescence as excitation source in the PDT of cancer, besides combining new approaches to overcome the limitations of this mode of treatment.
Detection of Papillomavirus Gene Expression Patterns in Tissue Sections
Authors: Griffin Heather , Doorbar John 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMolecular events during the papillomavirus life cycle can be mapped in infected tissue biopsies using antibodies to viral and cellular gene products, or by in situ hybridization approaches that detect viral DNA or viral transcription products. For proteins, ease of immunodetection depends on antibody specificity and antigen availability. Epitopes in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples are often masked by crosslinking and must be exposed for immunodetection. RNA in FFPE material is often degraded, and such tissue must be handled carefully to optimize detection. Viral proteins and viral genomic DNA are both well preserved in routinely processed FFPE samples, with sensitive detection methodologies allowing the simultaneous detection of multiple markers. The combined visualization of nucleic acid and (viral) protein targets, when coupled with image analysis approaches that allow correlation with standard pathology diagnosis, have allowed us to understand the molecular changes required for normal HPV life‐cycle organization as well as deregulation during cancer progression. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Distinct IL‐7 signaling in recent thymic emigrants versus mature naïve T cells controls T‐cell homeostasis
Authors: Kim Hye Kyung , Waickman Adam T. , Castro Ehydel , Flomerfelt Francis A. , Hawk Nga V. , Kapoor Veena , Telford William G. , Gress Ronald E. 
Published: May 2016

IL‐7 is essential for T‐cell survival but its availability is limited in vivo. Consequently, all peripheral T cells, including recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are constantly competing for IL‐7 to survive. RTEs are required to replenish TCR diversity and rejuvenate the peripheral T‐cell pool. However, it remains unknown how RTEs successfully compete with resident mature T cells for IL‐7. Moreover, RTEs express low levels of IL‐7 receptors, presumably rendering them even less competitive. Here, we show that, surprisingly, RTEs are more responsive to IL‐7 than mature naïve T cells as demonstrated by markedly increased STAT5 phosphorylation upon IL‐7 stimulation. Nonetheless, adoptive transfer of RTE cells into lymphopenic host mice resulted in slower IL‐7‐induced homeostatic proliferation and diminished expansion compared to naïve donor T cells. Mechanistically, we found that IL‐7 signaling in RTEs preferentially upregulated expression of Bcl‐2, which is anti‐apoptotic but also anti‐proliferative. In contrast, naïve T cells showed diminished Bcl‐2 induction but greater proliferative response to IL‐7. Collectively, these data indicate that IL‐7 responsiveness in RTE is designed to maximize survival at the expense of reduced proliferation, consistent with RTE serving as a subpopulation of T cells rich in diversity but not in frequency.
Chemical Constituents from Termite‐associated Xylaria acuminatilongissima YMJ623
Authors: Cho Ting‐Yu , Wang Guei‐Jane , Ju Yu‐Ming , Chen Mei‐Chuan , Lee Tzong‐Huei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThree previously unreported benzofurans, namely acumifurans A–C (1–3), along with five known compounds, 2‐(isopropyl‐1′‐ol)‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐5‐carbinol (4), fomannoxin alcohol (5), fomannoxin (6), acremine S (7) and cyclo(L‐Pro‐L‐Leu) (8), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the fermented broths of termite n est associated Xylaria acuminatilongissima YMJ623. Compound 4, a synthe tic benzofuran analogue of 1–3, was isolated for the first time from natural resources. The str uctures of 1–8 were determined through spectroscopic data analyses. The absolute configurations of 1–4 were established based mainly on ROESY experiment and Mosher’s reaction, and compared the optical rotation data with the literatures. The effects of these compounds on the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were also evaluated. Of the compounds tested, 6 showed a mild NO production inhibitory activity without any cytotoxicity, and its mean maximum inhibition (Emax) at 100 μM was 42.98±0.87 %.
Accelerating the process of solar disinfection (SODIS) by using polymer bags
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Alfaro Sergio , Acevedo Asunción , Figueredo Manuel , Saladin Matthias , Manzano Manuel A 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSolar water disinfection (SODIS) is a point‐of‐use water treatment that consists of exposing microbiologically‐contaminated water in plastic bottles to sunlight. Replacing bottles with bags can accelerate the SODIS process, reduce the costs of transport and distribution, improve usability and facilitate its promotion, especially in emergencies. This work evaluated the solar disinfection capacity and resistance to deterioration of different polymer bags.RESULTSPreliminary disinfection tests with commercial E. coli were performed using bags made of food‐grade polyethylene (PE) along or joined with layers of bio‐oriented polypropylene (PPO), polyamide (PA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The PE bag was the fastest device achieving 6 log‐reduction within 60 min of normalized time. All the tested bags presented better performance than the PET bottles used in the conventional SODIS method. Position of the bags and bottles (vertical/horizontal) had no relevant influence on the disinfection efficacy.Two improved bags (tap, better seal, volume: 4 L), made of PE and PE joined with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were tested with simulated field‐conditions water. Both bags reached the detection limit of wastewater derived Enterococcus spp., the PET bottle did not. Ageing tests over 5 months revealed breakages in 100% of the PE bags, while the PE/EVA bags remained intact and disinfected water faster than new PET bottles.CONCLUSIONThis work concludes that the PE/EVA bags are good substitutes for the PET bottles as SODIS containers. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional status before and during acute hospitalization and readmission risk identification
Authors: Tonkikh Orly , Shadmi Efrat , Flaks‐Manov Natalie , Hoshen Moshe , Balicer Ran D. , Zisberg Anna 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDRecent efforts to prevent readmissions are increasingly focusing on early identification of high‐risk patients.OBJECTIVETo test whether information on functioning during hospitalization contributes to the ability to accurately identify older adults at high risk of readmission beyond their baseline risk.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGInternal medicine wards at 2 medical centers.PATIENTSFive hundred fifty‐nine community‐dwelling older adults (aged ≥70 years) discharged to their homes.MEASUREMENTSData on unplanned 30‐day readmissions were retrieved from electronic health records. Data on at‐admission activities of daily living (ADL) and in‐hospital ADL decline were collected using validated questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the association between functioning and readmission controlling for known risk factors.RESULTSHigher in‐hospital ADL decline was significantly associated with readmission (odds ratio for each 10‐point decrease in ADL = 1.32, 95% confidence interval = 1.02‐1.72) but did not contribute to the overall discrimination of the model, as compared with the at‐admission data (C statistic = 0.81 for each model). Identifying high‐risk (10th highest percentile) patients by the at‐admission model did not detect 7/55 (12.7%) of patients who would have been categorized as high risk if risk identification was postponed to the discharge date and included data on in‐hospital ADL decline.CONCLUSIONSThe study highlights the ability to identify patients at high risk for readmission already early in the index hospitalization using data on functioning, nutrition, chronic morbidity, and prior hospitalizations. Nonetheless, at‐discharge functional assessment can detect additional patients whose readmission risk changes during the index hospitalization. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:636–641. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Kinematics of meniscal‐ and ACL‐transected mouse knees during controlled tibial compressive loading captured using roentgen stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Adebayo Olufunmilayo O. , Ko Frank C. , Goldring Steven R. , Goldring Mary B. , Wright Timothy M. , van der Meulen Marjolein C.H. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPre‐clinical studies of post‐traumatic OA have examined the pathways that lead to disease after injury by using surgical models such as the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). While the morphological, molecular, and genetic pathways leading to OA have been examined extensively; the effects of these injuries on joint kinematics, and thus disease progression, have yet to be fully characterized. To this end, we sought to understand the kinematics in the DMM and ACLT joints compared to intact joints subjected to controlled tibial compressive loading. We hypothesized that the DMM and ACLT models would result in different patterns of joint instability compared to intact joints, thus explaining the different patterns of OA initiation and severity in these models. Cadaver adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to either a DMM or ACLT in their right knee joints, while the left limbs remained as intact controls. All limbs were labeled with fiducial markers, and the rigid body kinematics of the tibia and femur were examined using roentgen stereophotogrammetry (RSA) with application of compressive loads from 0 to 9 N. DMM and intact joints demonstrated similar kinematics under compressive loading, in contrast to ACLT joints, which dislocated even before load application. These results demonstrate the importance of rigorous kinematic analysis in defining the role of joint instability in animal models of OA and suggest significant differences in DMM and ACLT joint instabilities in the context of controlled mechanical loading. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:353–360, 2017.
Amino Acid Based Hydrogels with Dual Responsiveness for Oral Drug Delivery
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Liu Xiaoxue , Villar‐Garcia Ignacio J. , Chen Rongjun 
Published: May 2016

This study reports a series of novel amino acid based dual‐responsive hydrogels. Prepared by a facile one‐pot 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) coupling reaction, the solid content, structure, and mechanical behavior of hydrogels could be easily adjusted by changing the concentrations of the polymers and the crosslinkers. With pH‐responsive anionic pseudo‐peptides as backbones and disulfide‐containing l‐cystine dimethyl ester as crosslinkers, these hydrogels are able to collapse and form relatively compact structure at an acidic pH, while swelled and partly dissociated at a neutral pH. Further addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) facilitated complete degradation of hydrogels. The high loading efficiency, rapid but complete triggered‐release, and good biocompatibility make these hydrogels promising candidates for oral delivery.
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Metabolomic profiling to dissect the role of visceral fat in cardiometabolic health
Authors: Menni Cristina , Migaud Marie , Glastonbury Craig A. , Beaumont Michelle , Nikolaou Aikaterini , Small Kerrin S. , Brosnan Mary Julia , Mohney Robert P. , Spector Tim D. , Valdes Ana M. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveAbdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess whether metabolomic markers of T2D and blood pressure (BP) act on these traits via visceral fat (VF) mass.MethodsMetabolomic profiling of 280 fasting plasma metabolites was conducted on 2,401 women from TwinsUK. The overlap was assessed between published metabolites associated with T2D, insulin resistance, or BP and those that were identified to be associated with VF (after adjustment for covariates) measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsIn addition to glucose, six metabolites were strongly associated with both VF mass and T2D: lactate and branched‐chain amino acids, all of them related to metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle; on average, 38.5% of their association with insulin resistance was mediated by their association with VF mass. Five metabolites were associated with BP and VF mass including the inflammation‐associated peptide HWESASXX, the steroid hormone androstenedione, lactate, and palmitate. On average, 29% of their effect on BP was mediated by their association with VF mass.ConclusionsLittle overlap was found between the metabolites associated with BP and those associated with insulin resistance via VF mass.