bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal droplet propulsion by dynamic surface-charge wetting
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Wu Jiayao , Gao Ge , Zeng Yubin , Liu Sheng , Zheng Huai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractControllable droplet propulsion on solid surfaces plays a crucial role in various technologies. Many actuating methods have been developed; however, there are still some limitations in terms of the introduction of additives, the versatilities of solid surfaces, and the speed of transportation. Herein, we have demonstrated a universal droplet propulsion method based on dynamic surface-charge wetting by depositing oscillating and opposite surface charges on dielectric films with unmodified surfaces. Dynamic surface-charge wetting propels droplets by continuously inducing smaller front contact angles than rear contact angles. This innovative imbalance is built by alternately storing and spreading opposite charges on dielectric films, which results in remarkable electrostatic forces under large gradients and electric fields. The method exhibits excellent droplet manipulation performance characteristics, including high speed (~130 mm/s), high adaptability of droplet volume (1 μL–1 mL), strong handling ability on non-slippery surfaces with large contact angle hysteresis (CAH) (maximum angle of 35°), significant programmability and reconfigurability, and low mass loss. The great application potential of this method has been effectively demonstrated in programmable microreactions, defogging without gravity assistance, and surface cleaning of photovoltaic panels using condensed droplets.
Pt thin-film resistance thermo detectors with stable interfaces for potential integration in SiC high-temperature pressure sensors
Authors: Fang Ziyan , Wu Xiaoyu , Zhao Hu , Fang Xudong , Wu Chen , Zhang Dong , Zhang Zhongkai , Tian Bian , Zhao Libo , Li Tiefu , Verma Prateek , Maeda Ryutaro , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to the excellent mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties of third-generation semiconductor silicon carbide (SiC), pressure sensors utilizing this material might be able to operate in extreme environments with temperatures exceeding 300 °C. However, the significant output drift at elevated temperatures challenges the precision and stability of measurements. Real-time in situ temperature monitoring of the pressure sensor chip is highly important for the accurate compensation of the pressure sensor. In this study, we fabricate platinum (Pt) thin-film resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) on a SiC substrate by incorporating aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as the transition layer and utilizing aluminum nitride (AlN) grooves for alignment through microfabrication techniques. The composite layers strongly adhere to the substrate at temperatures reaching 950 °C, and the interface of the Al2O3/Pt bilayer remains stable at elevated temperatures of approximately 950 °C. This stability contributes to the excellent high-temperature electrical performance of the Pt RTD, enabling it to endure temperatures exceeding 850 °C with good linearity. These characteristics establish a basis for the future integration of Pt RTD in SiC pressure sensors. Furthermore, tests and analyses are conducted on the interfacial diffusion, surface morphological, microstructural, and electrical properties of the Pt films at various annealing temperatures. It can be inferred that the tensile stress and self-diffusion of Pt films lead to the formation of hillocks, ultimately reducing the electrical performance of the Pt thin-film RTD. To increase the upper temperature threshold, steps should be taken to prevent the agglomeration of Pt films.
Atomic Nb-doping of WS2 for high-performance synaptic transistors in neuromorphic computing
Authors: Guan Kejie , Li Yinxiao , Liu Lin , Sun Fuqin , Wang Yingyi , Zheng Zhuo , Zhou Weifan , Zhang Cheng , Cai Zhengyang , Wang Xiaowei , Feng Simin , Zhang Ting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOwing to the controllable growth and large-area synthesis for high-density integration, interest in employing atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for synaptic transistors is increasing. In particular, substitutional doping of 2D materials allows flexible modulation of material physical properties, facilitating precise control in defect engineering for eventual synaptic plasticity. In this study, to increase the switch ratio of synaptic transistors, we selectively performed experiments on WS2 and introduced niobium (Nb) atoms to serve as the channel material. The Nb atoms were substitutionally doped at the W sites, forming a uniform distribution across the entire flakes. The synaptic transistor devices exhibited an improved switch ratio of 103, 100 times larger than that of devices prepared with undoped WS2. The Nb atoms in WS2 play crucial roles in trapping and detrapping electrons. The modulation of channel conductivity achieved through the gate effectively simulates synaptic potentiation, inhibition, and repetitive learning processes. The Nb-WS2 synaptic transistor achieves 92.30% recognition accuracy on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten digit dataset after 125 training iterations. This study’s contribution extends to a pragmatic and accessible atomic doping methodology, elucidating the strategies underlying doping techniques for channel materials in synaptic transistors.
Psychological distress in the neonatal intensive care unit: a meta-review
Authors: van Wyk Lizelle , Majiza Athenkosi P. , Ely Cordelia S. E. , Singer Lynn T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Parental psychological distress (PD) (anxiety, depression, stress and post-traumatic stress syndrome) can adversely affect parents’ own physical and mental health as well as their children’s long-term health and development. Numerous studies have addressed PD in mothers of infants admitted to NICU, with interventions proposed, but few have addressed the impact on fathers or other family members. The present review examined systematic reviews that addressed PD in NICU and potential interventions.

Methods
A meta-review was performed by searching various databases between 2000 and May 2024.

Results
Fifty-four studies were included. The incidence of maternal PD varied depending on the screening tool used (13–93%), as did paternal PD (0.08–46%). The incidence of PD in sexual, racial and gender minorities, siblings, grandparents and those in lower-middle income countries is not known. Numerous screening tools were used with a wide variety of cut-off values. Various intervention programmes were evaluated and showed contradictory evidence regarding their effect on PD.

Discussion
Routine screening should be implemented together with a combination of interventional programmes, specifically family-centred interventions. More research is required for PD in siblings, sexual and gender minority parents as well as parents living in low middle income countries.

Impact statement

Psychological distress is high in NICU, affecting parents and siblings.

Maternal psychological distress may have long lasting effects on infant health and differs from that of fathers, who require as much attention as mothers

Little is known about emotional stress in siblings and sex and gender minority group peoples

Few interventions showed conclusive effectiveness in reducing psychological distress with combination interventions showing more effectiveness than single interventions
NF-κB regulated expression of A20 controls IKK dependent repression of RIPK1 induced cell death in activated T cells
Authors: Layzell Scott , Barbarulo Alessandro , van Loo Geert , Beyaert Rudi , Seddon Benedict 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
IKK signalling is essential for survival of thymocytes by repressing RIPK1 induced cell death rather than its canonical function of activating NF-κB. The role of IKK signalling in activated T cells is unclear. To investigate this, we analysed activation of IKK2 deficient T cells. While TCR triggering was normal, proliferation and expansion was profoundly impaired. This was not due to defective cell cycle progression, rather dividing T cells became sensitised to TNF induced cell death, since inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity rescued cell survival. Gene expression analysis of activated IKK2 deficient T cells revealed defective expression of Tnfaip3, that encodes A20, a negative regulator of NF-κB. To test whether A20 expression was required to protect IKK2 deficient T cells from cell death, we generated mice with T cells lacking both A20 and IKK2. Doing this resulted in near complete loss of peripheral T cells, in contrast to mice lacking one or other gene. Strikingly, this phenotype was completely reversed by inactivation of RIPK1 kinase activity in vivo. Together, our data show that IKK signalling in activated T cells protects against RIPK1 dependent death, both by direct phosphorylation of RIPK1 and through NF-κB mediated induction of A20, that we identify for the first time as a key modulator of RIPK1 activity in T cells.
Long-term oxygen therapy in precapillary pulmonary hypertension – SOPHA study
Authors: Benjamin Nicola , Echampati Ishan , Harutyunova Satenik , Eichstaedt Christina Alessandra , Egenlauf Benjamin , Ulrich Silvia , Grünig Ekkehard , Xanthouli Panagiota 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent guidelines recommend oxygen (O2) supplementation in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), despite scarce data on long-term O2 therapy (LTOT). The aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled trial was to investigate the effect of LTOT in patients with precapillary PH on exercise capacity, clinical parameters and hemodynamics. Patients with precapillary PH under stable therapy and O2 desaturations at rest and/or during exercise were randomized to receive LTOT (≥ 16 h/day) or no O2 (control group) for 12 weeks. The control group was offered LTOT after 12 weeks. The primary endpoint changes of 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) from baseline to 12 weeks was hierarchically tested: (1) pre-post primary and secondary intervention (2) intervention vs. control group. Secondary endpoints included changes in clinical parameters. Twenty patients were randomized (women n = 14, age 67 ± 11.4 years, mean pulmonary arterial pressure 39.7 ± 12.5 mmHg, 70% functional class III). 6MWD significantly improved by 42.2 ± 34.20 m (p = 0.003) within 12 weeks LTOT. The intervention group significantly improved in 6MWD (38.9 ± 33.87 m) compared to the control group (− 12.3 ± 21.83 m, p = 0.015). No consistent between-group differences in other parameters were found. LTOT was well tolerated and led to significant improvement of 6MWD. The effect of LTOT should be investigated in larger controlled-trials.
Deep residual 2D convolutional neural network for cardiovascular disease classification
Authors: Elyamani Haneen A. , Salem Mohammed A. , Melgani Farid , Yhiea N. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a major global health concern, underscoring the need for advancements in medical care. The use of electrocardiograms (ECGs) is crucial for diagnosing cardiac conditions. However, the reliance on professional expertise for manual ECG interpretation poses challenges for expanding accessible healthcare, particularly in community hospitals. To address this, there is a growing interest in leveraging automated and AI-driven ECG analysis systems, which can enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, making quality cardiac care more accessible to a broader population. In this study, we implemented a novel deep two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) on a dataset of PTB-XL for cardiac disorder detection. The studies were performed on 2, 5, and 23 classes of cardiovascular diseases. The our network in classifying healthy/sick patients achived an AUC of 95% and an average accuracy of 87.85%. In 5-classes classification, our model achieved an AUC of 93.46% with an average accuracy of 89.87%. In a more complex scenario involving classification into 23 different classes, the model achieved an AUC of 92.18% and an accuracy of 96.88%. According to the experimental results, our model obtained the best classification result compared to the other methods based on the same public dataset. This indicates that our method can aid healthcare professionals in the clinical analysis of ECGs, offering valuable assistance in diagnosing CVD and contributing to the advancement of computer-aided diagnosis technology.
Copper-doped Bi2MoO6 with concurrent oxygen vacancies for enhanced CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Liu Xin , Dai Chunhui , Zeng Chao , Ali Sajjad , Bououdina Mohamed , Jia Yushuai 
Published: September 2024

Bi2MoO6 catalysts doped by monovalence Cu with self-adapting O vacancies (Ov) are prepared. The optimal Bi2MoO6–10% Cu exhibits an outstanding CO evolution rate of 11.40 μmol g−1 h−1, about 6 times higher than that of Bi2MoO6 (1.94 μmol g−1 h−1).
The [O I] fine structure line profiles in Mon R2 and M17 SW: The puzzling nature of cold foreground material identified by [12C II] self-absorption
Authors: Guevara C. , Stutzki J. , Ossenkopf-Okada V. , Graf U. , Okada Y. , Schneider N. , Goldsmith P. F. , Pérez-Beaupuits J. P. , Kabanovic S. , Mertens M. , Rothbart N. , Güsten R. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Recent studies of the optical depth comparing [12C II] and [13C II] line profiles in Galactic star-forming regions have revealed strong self-absorption in [12C II] by low excitation foreground material. This implies a high column density for C+, corresponding to equivalent AV values of a few (up to about 10) mag.
Aims. As the nature and origin of such a great column of cold C+ foreground gas are difficult to determine, it is essential to constrain the physical conditions of this material.
Methods. We conducted high-resolution observations of [O I] 63 μm and [O I] 145 μm lines in M17 SW and Mon R2. The [O I] 145 μm transition traces warm PDR-material, while the [O I] 63 μm line traces the foreground material, as manifested by the absorption dips.
Results. A comparison of both [O I] line profiles with [C II] isotopic lines confirm warm PDR-origin background emission and a significant column of cold foreground material, causing the self-absorption to be visible in the [12C II] and [O I] 63 μm profiles. In M17 SW, the C+ and O0 column densities are comparable for both layers. Mon R2 exhibits larger O0 columns compared to C+, indicating additional material where the carbon is neutral or in molecular form. Small-scale spatial variations in the foreground absorption profiles and the large column density (~1018 cm−2) of the foreground material suggest the emission is coming from high-density regions associated with the cloud complex – and not a uniform diffuse foreground cloud.
Conclusions. The analysis confirms that the previously detected intense [C II] foreground absorption is attributable to a large column of low-excitation dense atomic material, where carbon is ionized and oxygen is in a neutral atomic form.
CLOUDY modeling suggests a diversity of ionization mechanisms for diffuse extraplanar gas
Authors: Rautio R. P. V. , Salo H. , Watkins A. E. , Comerón S. , Venhola A. 
Published: September 2024

Context. The ionization of diffuse gas located far above the energetic midplane OB stars poses a challenge to the commonly accepted notion that radiation from OB stars is the primary ionization source for gas in galaxies.
Aims. We investigated the sources of ionizing radiation, specifically leaking midplane H II regions and/or in situ hot low-mass evolved stars (HOLMES), in extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) in a sample of eight nearby (17−52 Mpc) edge-on disk galaxies observed with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE).
Methods. We constructed a model for the photoionization of eDIG clouds and the propagation of ionizing radiation through the eDIG using subsequent runs of CLOUDY photoionization code. Our model includes radiation originating both from midplane OB stars and in situ evolved stars and its dilution and processing as it propagates in the eDIG.
Results. We fit the model to the data using the vertical line ratio profiles of our sample galaxies, and find that while the ionization by in situ evolved stars is insignificant for most of the galaxies in our sample, it may be able to explain the enhanced high-ionization lines in the eDIG of the green valley galaxy ESO 544−27.
Conclusions. Our results show that while leaking radiation from midplane H II regions is the primary ionization source for eDIG, in situ evolved stars can play a significant part in ionizing extraplanar gas in galaxies with low star forming rates.
Analysis of the Gaia Data Release 3 parallax bias in the Galactic plane
Authors: Ding Ye , Liao Shilong , Wu Qiqi , Qi Zhaoxiang , Tang Zhenghong 
Published: September 2024

Context. Systematic errors are inevitable in Gaia published astrometric data. A global recipe has been proposed to correct for the GEDR3 parallax zero-point offset, but this does not take the Galactic plane into consideration. The applicability of their correction model to the Galactic plane remains uncertain.
Aims. We attempt to carry out an independent investigation into the sample dependence of the proposed correction, and its applicability to the Galactic plane.
Methods. We collected various samples, including quasars, binaries, and sources with parallaxes from other surveys or methods, to validate the proposed correction, especially in the Galactic plane.
Results. We conclude that the proposed correction exhibits sample dependence, and does not apply effectively to the Galactic plane. We present a new parallax bias correction for application to the Galactic plane, offering improvements over the previous correction. The correction difference between L21 and this work can be as high as 10 µas within certain ranges of magnitude and colour. This work provides an additional recipe for users of Gaia parallaxes, especially for sources located near the Galactic plane.
The complex effect of gas cooling and turbulence on AGN-driven outflow properties
Authors: Zubovas K. , Tartėnas M. , Bourne M. A. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Accretion onto supermassive black holes at close to the Eddington rate is expected to drive powerful winds, which have the potential to majorly influence the properties of the host galaxy. Theoretical models of such winds can simultaneously explain observational correlations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies, such as the M − σ relation, and the powerful multi-phase outflows that are observed in a number of active galaxies. Analytic models developed to understand these processes usually assume simple galaxy properties, namely spherical symmetry and a smooth gas distribution with an adiabatic equation of state. However, the interstellar medium in real galaxies is clumpy and cooling is important, complicating the analysis.
Aims. We wish to determine how gas turbulence, uneven density distribution, and cooling influence the development of active galactic nucleus (AGN) wind-driven outflows and their global properties on kiloparsec scales.
Methods. We calculated a suite of idealised hydrodynamical simulations of AGN outflows designed to isolate the effects of turbulence and cooling, both separately and in combination. All simulations initially consisted of a 1 kpc gas shell with an AGN in the centre. We measured the main outflow parameters – the velocity, the mass outflow rate (Ṁout), and the momentum (ṗoutc/LAGN) and energy (Ėout/LAGN) loading factors – as the system evolves over 1.2 Myr and estimated plausible observationally derived values.
Results. We find that adiabatic simulations approximately reproduce the analytical estimates of outflow properties independently of the presence or absence of turbulence and clumpiness. Cooling, on the other hand, has a significant effect, reducing the outflow energy rate by one to two orders of magnitude in the smooth simulations and by up to one order of magnitude in the turbulent ones. The interplay between cooling and turbulence depends on AGN luminosity: in Eddington-limited AGN, turbulence enhances the coupling between the AGN wind and the gas, while in lower-luminosity simulations, the opposite is true. This mainly occurs because dense gas clumps are resilient to low-luminosity AGN feedback but get driven away by high-luminosity AGN feedback. The overall properties of multi-phase outflowing gas in our simulations qualitatively agree with observations of multi-phase outflows, although there are some quantitative differences. We also find that using ‘observable’ outflow properties leads to their parameters being underestimated by a factor of a few compared with real values.
Conclusions. We conclude that the AGN wind-driven outflow model is capable of reproducing realistic outflow properties in close-to-realistic galaxy setups and that the M − σ relation can be established without efficient cooling of the shocked AGN wind. Furthermore, we suggest ways to improve large-scale numerical simulations by accounting for the effects of AGN wind.
Undersampling effects on observed periods of coronal oscillations
Authors: Lim Daye , Van Doorsselaere Tom , Nakariakov Valery M. , Kolotkov Dmitrii Y. , Gao Yuhang , Berghmans David 
Published: September 2024

Context. Recent observations of decayless transverse oscillations have revealed two branches in the relationship between period and loop length. One is a linear relationship, interpreted as a standing mode, while the other shows almost no correlation and has not yet been interpreted conclusively.
Aims. We investigated the undersampling effect on observed periods of decayless oscillations.
Methods. We considered oscillating coronal loops that closely follow the observed loop length distribution. Assuming that all oscillations are standing waves, we modelled a signal that represents decayless oscillations where the period is proportional to the loop length and the amplitude and phase are randomly drawn. We generated a downsampled signal from the original signal by considering different sample rates that mimic temporal cadences of telescopes, and analysed the periods for sampled signals using the fast Fourier transform.
Results. When the sampling cadence approaches the actual oscillation period, there is a greater tendency to overestimate the periods in short loops. We find the same two branches in the relationship between loop length and period of the sampled signals as those seen in the observations.
Conclusions. We find that long periods of decayless oscillations occurring in short loops could be the result of undersampling.
Heterocyclic Surgery for Isotopic Labeling
Authors: Smith Joel M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent developments in the isotopic labeling of heteroarenes may prove to be useful in the realms of biomedical science, materials chemistry, and fundamental organic chemistry. The use of the age-old Zincke reaction, or tactical variants thereof, has become particularly utilitarian in effecting single-atom nitrogen replacement in various azines to generate their desired isotopologues. This chemistry can be synthetically leveraged at an early stage for diversity-oriented heterocyclic labeling of pharmaceuticals and/or natural products. Additionally, given the prevalence of saturated azacycles in biologically relevant molecules, access to these isotopologues becomes relevant through dearomative retrosynthetic analysis from the corresponding 15N-labeled heteroarenes.1	Introduction2	Our Lab’s Development of the 15NRORC Reaction3	Other Recent Azine-Labeling Methods4	Expanded ANRORC Utilization5	Conclusion and Outlook