bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of atrazine and chlorothalonil on the reproductive success, development, and growth of early life stage sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Authors: Du Gas Lindsay M. , Ross Peter S. , Walker Janessa , Marlatt Vicki L. , Kennedy Christopher J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

The effects of 2 currently used commercial pesticide formulations on Pacific sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), from fertilization to emergence, were evaluated in a gravel-bed flume incubator that simulated a natural streambed. Embryos were exposed to atrazine at 25 µg/L (low atrazine) or atrazine at 250 µg/L (high atrazine) active ingredient (a.i.), and chlorothalonil at 0.5 µg/L (low chlorothalonil) or chlorothalonil at 5 µg/L a.i. (high chlorothalonil) and examined for effects on developmental success and timing, as well as physical and biochemical growth parameters. Survival to hatch was reduced in the high chlorothalonil group (55% compared with 83% in controls), accompanied by a 24% increase in finfold deformity incidence. Reduced alevin condition factor (2.9–5.4%) at emergence and elevated triglyceride levels were seen in chlorothalonil-exposed fish. Atrazine exposure caused premature hatch (average high atrazine time to 50% hatch [H50] = 100 d postfertilization [dpf]), and chlorothalonil exposure caused delayed hatch (high chlorothalonil H50 = 108 dpf; controls H50 = 102 dpf). All treatments caused premature emergence (average time to 50% emergence [E50]: control E50 = 181 dpf, low chlorothalonil E50 = 175 dpf, high chlorothalonil E50 = 174 dpf, high atrazine E50 = 175 dpf, low atrazine E50 = 174 dpf), highlighting the importance of using a gravel-bed incubator to examine this subtle, but critical endpoint. These alterations indicate that atrazine and chlorothalonil could affect survival of early life stages of sockeye salmon in the wild. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1354–1364. © 2017 SETAC
Use of Gammarus fossarum (Amphipoda) embryo for toxicity testing: A case study with cadmium
Authors: Arambourou Hélène , Decamps Alexandre , Quéau Hervé , Dabrin Aymeric , Neuzeret Didier , Chaumot Arnaud 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

The effects of environmental contaminants on arthropod embryo stages have been poorly investigated in ecotoxicology. Moreover, many of these tests used hatching success as the sole metric, although it is possible to detect many more subtle effects. After a detailed description of embryogenesis in Gammarus fossarum, the present study reports on the sublethal effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure during embryonic development in G. fossarum. Embryos were first directly exposed in multiwell plates throughout the entire embryonic cycle (23 d) to increasing Cd concentrations (0, 1.5, and 3.0 μg/L; 120 embryos/concentration). Then, to assess the representativeness of the gammarid embryo assay performed in multiwell plates, embryos were exposed to similar Cd concentrations through the maternal open brood pouch. Next, to pinpoint sensitive periods of development, embryos were directly exposed to 3.0 μg/L of Cd for shorter periods of time: during gastrulation, organogenesis, and hatching. After hatching, the following parameters were measured in the newborn individuals: 1) body mass; 2) activity of the enzyme phenoloxidase, a key enzyme of the arthropod immune system; and 3) locomotor activity. Phenoloxidase activity was strongly inhibited in newborn individuals of embryos exposed (either in multiwell plates or in the maternal brood pouch) to 3.0 μg/L Cd throughout embryonic development. Furthermore, strong detrimental locomotor effects were observed in newborn individuals of embryos directly exposed to 3.0 μg/L. Exposures for shorter periods of time were not sufficient to induce such effects; no sensitive period could be determined. By bringing new insights into a critical time window of exposure, the gammarid embryo assay could provide a novel and interesting addition to existing bioassays in gammarids. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2436–2443. © 2017 SETAC
Factors affecting self‐sealing of geological faults due to CO2‐leakage
Authors: Patil Vivek V. , McPherson Brian J. , Priewisch Alexandra , Moore Joseph , Moodie Nathan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInjecting anthropogenic CO2 into the subsurface is suggested for climate change mitigation. However, leakage of CO2 from its target storage formation is a concern. In the event of leakage, permeability in leakage pathways such as faults may get altered due to mineral reactions induced by CO2‐enriched water, thus influencing the migration and fate of the CO2. An example of such fault permeability alteration is found in the Little Grand Wash Fault zone (LGWF), where the fault outcrops show fractures filled with calcium carbonate. To test the nature, extent, and time‐frame of such fault ‘self‐sealing’, we developed reactive flow simulations based on hydrogeological conditions of the LGWF. We measured LGWF water chemistry and conducted an x‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis of the fault‐rock to constrain the model geochemistry. We hypothesized that the choice of parameters for relative permeability, capillary pressure, and reaction kinetics will have a huge impact on the fault sealing predictions. Simulation results showed that precipitation of calcite in the top portion of the fault led to a decrease in porosity of the damage zone from a value of 40% to . Over a simulation time of 1000 years, porosity in the damage zone showed self‐enhancing behavior in the bottom portion and self‐sealing behavior in the top portion of the fault. We found that the results were most sensitive to the relative permeability parameters and the fault architecture. A major conclusion from this analysis is that, under similar conditions, some faults are likely to seal over time. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells‐Mediated Protection Against Organ Dysfunction in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Is Associated With Peripheral Immune Responses
Authors: Wang Biao , Wu Shuming , Wang Tao , Ma Zengshan , Liu Kai 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a fatal thrombohemorrhagic disorder. Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have tremendous therapeutic effect. Our aim was to explore whether the immune mechanisms were associated with BMSCs‐afforded protection against DIC. We generated a rat model of DIC by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 3 mg/kg) injection via the tail vein. In the treatment group, rats were pre‐treated with 1 × l03, 1 × l04, 1 × l05, and 1 × l06 allogeneic BMSCs before LPS injection. Blood sample was withdrawn from the abdominal aorta at 0 (before), 4, and 8 h after LPS injection and used for biochemical analyses. After experiments, the mice were sacrificed and their organs were harvested and observed by H&E and PTAH staining. Continuous infusion of LPS into the rats gradually impaired the hemostatic parameters and damaged organ functions. However, pre‐treatment with BMSCs dose‐dependently improved the hemostatic parameters. Meanwhile, the treatment significantly suppressed the fibrin microthrombi formation and alleviated liver, heart, lung, and renal injuries. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that BMSCs pre‐treatment inhibited LPS‐induced upregulation of CD3+CD8+ T cells and CD3+/CD161a+ NKT cells in the peripheral blood. BMSCs pre‐treatment reversed the upregualtion of the B‐cell population and the percentage of CD43+/CD172a+ monocytes in the DIC models. Finally, BMSCs pre‐treatment decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and increased the levels of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) in LPS‐induced DIC models. Pre‐treatment with BMSCs can reduce coagulation and alleviate organ dysfunction via peripheral immune responses in LPS‐induced DIC rat model. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3184–3192, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced complication rates of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage with ultrasound guidance
Authors: Wagner Andrej , Mayr Christian , Kiesslich Tobias , Berr Frieder , Friesenbichler Paul , Wolkersdörfer Gernot W. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe aimed to analyze the benefits of adding ultrasound (US) guidance to the standard fluoroscopically assisted percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (F‐PTBD). We also performed a systematic literature review of success and complication rates of US‐PTBD in a wide field of indications.MethodsWe evaluated a total of 81 US‐PTBDs carried out in our institution, 74% of which were part of the management of malignancy. In addition, we compared our results with those of a total of 5,272 procedures (3,779 F‐PTBD and 1,493 US‐PTBD) reported in the literature.ResultsUS‐PTBD was technically successful in 94% of attempts with a mean of 2.2 needle passes. Procedural success was achieved in 86% of cases. There were no procedure‐related deaths or severe complications. Minor complications were catheter dislodgement (15%) as well as one case each of a porto‐biliary fistula, hematoma, and biloma. A systematic review of the literature also showed that US‐PTBD has a similar technical success rate to F‐PTBD but lower median rates of severe early complications (0% versus 8%) and procedural death (0% versus 1%).ConclusionsGiven our results and our review of the literature, US‐PTBD is as effective as F‐PTBD and has significantly lower complication rates. US‐PTBD should be preferred to F‐PTBD. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:400–407, 2017
Comparative Morphology of the Penis and Clitoris in Four Species of Moles (Talpidae)
Authors: Sinclair Adriane Watkins , Glickman Stephen , Catania Kenneth , Shinohara Akio , Baskin Lawrence , Cunha Gerald R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe penile and clitoral anatomy of four species of Talpid moles (broad‐footed, star‐nosed, hairy‐tailed, and Japanese shrew moles) were investigated to define penile and clitoral anatomy and to examine the relationship of the clitoral anatomy with the presence or absence of ovotestes. The ovotestis contains ovarian tissue and glandular tissue resembling fetal testicular tissue and can produce androgens. The ovotestis is present in star‐nosed and hairy‐tailed moles, but not in broad‐footed and Japanese shrew moles. Using histology, three‐dimensional reconstruction, and morphometric analysis, sexual dimorphism was examined with regard to a nine feature masculine trait score that included perineal appendage length (prepuce), anogenital distance, and presence/absence of bone. The presence/absence of ovotestes was discordant in all four mole species for sex differentiation features. For many sex differentiation features, discordance with ovotestes was observed in at least one mole species. The degree of concordance with ovotestes was highest for hairy‐tailed moles and lowest for broad‐footed moles. In relationship to phylogenetic clade, sex differentiation features also did not correlate with the similarity/divergence of the features and presence/absence of ovotestes. Hairy‐tailed and Japanese shrew moles reside in separated clades, but they exhibit a high degree of congruence. Broad‐footed and hairy‐tailed moles reside within the same clade but had one of the lowest correlations in features and presence/absence of ovotestes. Thus, phylogenetic affinity and the presence/absence of ovotestes are poor predictors for most sex differentiation features within mole external genitalia.
On Recognizing Frame and Lifted‐Graphic Matroids
Authors: Chen Rong , Whittle Geoff 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe prove that there is no polynomial with the property that a matroid M can be determined to be either a lifted‐graphic or frame matroid using at most rank evaluations. This resolves two conjectures of Geelen, Gerards, and Whittle (Quasi‐graphic matroids, to appear in J. Graph Theory).
Diagnostic performance between contrast enhancement, proton MR spectroscopy, and amide proton transfer imaging in patients with brain tumors
Authors: Sakata Akihiko , Fushimi Yasutaka , Okada Tomohisa , Arakawa Yoshiki , Kunieda Takeharu , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Kido Aki , Sakashita Naotaka , Miyamoto Susumu , Togashi Kaori 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo explore the relationship among parameters of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and amide proton transfer (APT) imaging, and to assess the diagnostic performance of MRS and APT imaging for grading brain tumors in comparison with contrast enhancement of conventional MRI for preoperative grading in patients with brain tumor.Materials and MethodsInstitutional Review Board approval and written informed consent were obtained. Forty‐one patients with suspected brain tumors were enrolled in the study. Single‐voxel MRS and 2D APT imaging of the same slice level were conducted using a 3T MRI scanner. Positive or negative contrast enhancement on T1‐weighted images was assessed by two neuroradiologists. Correlations among metabolite concentrations, metabolite ratios, and calculated histogram parameters, including mean APT (APTmean) and the 90th percentile of APT (APT90) were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Diagnostic performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for contrast enhancement and MRS and APT imaging. Values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsPositive correlations with statistical significance were found between total concentration of choline (Cho) and APT90 (r = 0.49), and between Cho/creatine (Cr) and APTmean (r = 0.65) as well as APT90 (r = 0.49). A negative correlation with statistical significance was observed between NAA/Cr and APTmean (r = −0.52). According to ROC curves, Cho/Cr, APTmean, APT90, demonstrated higher area under the curve (AUC) values than that of contrast enhancement in grading gliomas.ConclusionSignificant correlations were observed between metabolite concentrations and ratios on MRS and APT values. MRS and APT imaging showed comparable diagnostic capability for grading brain tumors, suggesting that both MRS and APT imaging offer potential for quantitatively assessing similar biological characteristics in brain tumors on noncontrast MRI.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:732–739
Changes of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in germinated adlay seeds
Authors: Xu Lei , Wang Pei , Ali Barkat , Yang Na , Chen Yisheng , Wu Fengfeng , Xu Xueming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDOver the years, germinated adlay products have been used as both food source and folk medicine. This study investigated the changes of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activities, and phenolic acid profiles of adlay seed during germination.RESULTSResults revealed that phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities varied with the germination stages. Germination significantly increased the free form phenolic and flavonoid contents by 112.5% and 168.3%, respectively. However, both of the bound form phenolic and flavonoid contents significantly decreased after germination. Phenolic acid compositions were quantified via HPLC analysis, and the levels of vanillic, p‐coumaric, caffeic, hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids in the free phenolic extracts were found to be significantly increased. The improvement of the free and total phenolic and flavonoid contents by the germination process led to a significant enhancement of the antioxidant activities (evaluated by the ABTS, FRAP and ORAC assays). The TPC showed the highest correlation with ORAC values (r = 0.9979).CONCLUSIONGerminated adlay had higher free and total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities than ungerminated adlay. This study indicates that germinated adlay could be a promising functional food, more suitable for human consumption. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Enzymatic hydrolysis of Grass Carp fish skin hydrolysates able to promote the proliferation of Streptococcus thermophilus
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Nan , Qin Mei , Feng Yu‐Ying , Chen Jian‐Kang , Song Yi‐Shan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe promotion effect on proliferation of Streptococcus thermophilus by enzymatic hydrolysates of aquatic products was firstly studied. The effect of influencing factors of the hydrolysis on the growth of S. thermophilus was investigated.RESULTGrass Carp fish skin was hydrolysed to peptides by enzymatic hydrolysis using protease ProteAX, and for the S. thermophilus growth, the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were temperature of 60 °C, initial pH of 9.0, enzyme concentration of 10 g kg−1, hydrolysis time of 80 min, and ratio of material to liquid of 1:2. The Grass Carp fish skin hydrolysate (GCFSH) prepared under the optimum conditions was fractionated to five fragments (GCFSH 1, GCFSH 2, GCFSH 3, GCFSH 4, GCFSH 5) according to molecular weight sizes, in which the fragments GCFSH 4 and GCFSH 5, with molecular weights of less than 1000 Da, significantly promoted the growth of S. thermophilus.CONCLUSIONThe hydrolysis process of Grass Carp fish skin can be simplified, and the peptides with molecular weights below 1000 Da in the hydrolysates are the best nitrogen source for proliferation of S. thermophilus. This work can provide a fundamental theoretical basis for the production of multi‐component functional foods, especially in milk drinks or yogurt. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Primary productivity and the coupling of photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Schuback Nina , Hoppe Clara J. M. , Tremblay Jean‐Éric , Maldonado Maria T. , Tortell Philippe D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe examined the light absorption properties and light‐dependent rates of photosynthetic electron transport (ETRRCII) and 14C‐uptake in phytoplankton of the Canadian Subarctic and Arctic Ocean. Our results reveal high variability in the light‐saturated, chlorophyll a‐specific rate of 14C‐uptake (PChlamax; 0.7 to 8.0 mg C mg chl a−1 h−1) , and the light‐dependant efficiency of 14C‐uptake (αChla; 0.01 to 0.09 mg C mg Chl a−1 h−1 [μmol quanta m−2 s−1]−1). Variability in PChlamax correlated with light availability in the stratified water‐column, while both PChlamax and αChla were correlated to the degree of nitrate depletion in the mixed layer. For all samples, we observed that 14C‐uptake rates reached light saturation at lower irradiances than ETRRCII, leading to significant, light‐dependent de‐coupling of carbon fixation and photosynthetic electron transport. For samples taken from within the mixed layer, we found that the conversion factor from ETRRCII to carbon fixation was strongly correlated to the magnitude of non‐photochemical quenching, as derived from fast repetition rate fluorometry (FRRF) measurements. This correlation supports recent findings from the Subarctic Pacific Ocean, and has the potential to improve FRRF‐based estimates of phytoplankton carbon fixation. Our observations reveal distinct environmental regulation of phytoplankton light absorption, electron transport and carbon fixation in phytoplankton assemblages within and below the shallow summer mixed layer, and will help to inform more robust predictions of future primary production in a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean.
Seasonal succession in zooplankton feeding traits reveals trophic trait coupling
Authors: Kenitz Kasia M. , Visser André W. , Mariani Patrizio , Andersen Ken H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe seasonal forcing of pelagic communities invokes a succession of the dominant phytoplankton and zooplankton species. Here, we characterize the seasonal succession of the plankton traits and their interactions using observations and model simulations of the plankton community in the western English Channel. We focus on activity traits that characterize the defensive and feeding abilities of zooplankton and distinguish between low risk, low return ambush feeders and high risk, high return feeding‐current feeders. While the phytoplankton succession depends on traits related to nutrient acquisition and photosynthesis, it also depends on grazing which couples feeding and motility traits across trophic guilds. Despite interannual variations in the species dominating the protist plankton community, the seasonal trait distribution reveals robust and repeatable seasonal patterns, changing between non‐motile cells flourishing in spring and motile community dominating during summer. The zooplankton community is dominated by active feeding‐current feeders with peak biomass in the late spring declining during summer. The model reveals how zooplankton grazing reinforces protist plankton seasonal succession and shows how the physical environment controls the vertical structure of plankton communities, where ambush feeders exhibit a preference for greater depths during summer. We characterize the seasonal succession as trophic trait coupling and conjecture that this coupling leads to a trophic trait cascade where successive trophic levels alternate in their expression of activity traits further up in the food chain.
Statistics of Density, Temperature and Air Gaps on the TATB Cylinder Test
Authors: Souers P. Clark , Lauderbach Lisa , Gagliardi Franco , Mortensen Clif 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDuplicate cylinder tests (CYLEX) have been run on PBX 9502 and LX‐17. The 95 % error in the absolute value of the derived detonation energy density is about ±1 % whereas the 95 % error of the difference error is ±0.5 % or better. The analytic model has been upgraded with a better strain description. The effect of the air gap between a pressed solid explosive and the inner copper wall has been measured and modeled. An off‐center effect has also been seen. Density effects on the energy density from 1.82 to 1.92 g cm−3 are described for LX‐17. Data has also been taken at −55, 75 and 125 °C. The last temperature gives a large enough difference to show that the mechanism appears to be only density change.