bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the TBET Model for Potential Improvement of Southern P Indices
Authors: Forsberg Adam , Radcliffe David E. , Bolster Carl H. , Mittelstet Aaron , Storm Daniel E. , Osmond Deanna 
Published: February 2017

Due to a shortage of available phosphorus (P)‐loss datasets, simulated data from an accurate quantitative P transport model could be used to evaluate a P Index. The objective of this study was to compare predictions from the Texas Best Management Practice Evaluation Tool (TBET) against measured P‐loss data to determine whether the model could be used to improve P Indices in the southern region. Measured P‐loss data from field‐scale study sites in Arkansas, Georgia, and North Carolina were used to assess the accuracy of TBET for predicting field‐scale loss of P. We found that event‐based predictions using an uncalibrated model were generally poor. Calibration improved runoff predictions and produced scatterplot regression lines that had slopes near one and intercepts near zero. However, TBET predictions of runoff met the performance criteria (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency ≥ 0.3, percent bias ≤ 35%, and mean absolute error ≤ 10 mm) in only one out of six comparisons: North Carolina during calibration. Sediment predictions were imprecise, and dissolved P predictions underestimated measured losses. In North Carolina, total P‐loss predictions were reasonably accurate because TBET did a slightly better job of predicting sediment losses from cultivated land. In Arkansas and Georgia, where the experimental sites were in forage production, the underprediction of dissolved P led directly to the underpredictions of total P. We conclude that TBET cannot be used to improve southern P Indices, but a curve number approach could be incorporated into P Indices to improve runoff predictions.Core Ideas
Predictions from an accurate P transport model could be used to evaluate a P Index.
Predictions from an uncalibrated TBET model were generally poor.
A calibrated TBET model was better but did not meet the performance criteria.
A curve number approach for runoff could be incorporated into P Indices.
Integrating the Fenton's Process with Biofiltration by Corbicula fluminea to Reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand of Winery Effluents
Authors: Pipolo Marco , Martins Rui C. , Quinta‐Ferreira Rosa M. , Costa Raquel 
Published: February 2017

The discharge of poorly decontaminated winery wastewater remains a serious environmental problem in many regions, and the industry is welcoming improved treatment methods. Here, an innovative decontamination approach integrating Fenton's process with biofiltration by Asian clams is proposed. The potential of this approach was assessed at the pilot scale using real effluent and by taking an actual industrial treatment system as a benchmark. Fenton peroxidation was observed to remove 84% of the effluent's chemical oxygen demand (COD), reducing it to 205 mg L−1. Subsequent biofiltration decreased the effluent's COD to approximately zero, well below the legal discharge limit of 150 mg L−1, in just 3 d. The reduction of the effluent's organic load through Fenton's process did not decrease its toxicity toward Vibrio fischeri, but the effluent was much less harmful after biofiltration. The performance of the treatment proposed exceeded that of the integrated Fenton's process‐sequencing batch reactor design implemented in the winery practice, where a residence time of around 10 d in the biological step typically results in 80 to 90% of COD removal. The method proposed is effective and compatible with typical winery budgets and potentially contributes to the management of a nuisance species.Core Ideas
Fentons’ reaction/biofiltration by Asian clams was assessed for winery effluent treatment.
Method studied at the pilot scale, using real effluent and an industrial benchmark.
Realistic Fenton's conditions removed 84% COD but with no major impact on toxicity.
Biofiltration led COD to approximately zero with significant toxicity decrease in just 3 d.
Polishing in the biofilters was more efficient than current practice.
Roles of Phosphoric Acid in Biochar Formation: Synchronously Improving Carbon Retention and Sorption Capacity
Authors: Zhao Ling , Zheng Wei , Mašek Ondřej , Chen Xiang , Gu Bowen , Sharma Brajendra K. , Cao Xinde 
Published: February 2017

Pretreatment of biomass with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) for biochar production was expected to improve carbon (C) retention, porosity structure, and the sorption ability of biochar. This study investigated the interaction of phosphorus with the C structure to elucidate the mechanisms by which H3PO4 simultaneously captured C and created micropores. Sawdust was soaked in diluted H3PO4 and dried for pyrolytic biochar generation at 350, 500, and 650°C. Results showed that H3PO4 pretreatment resulted in 70 to 80% of biomass C retention in biochar, compared with only about 50% remaining without pretreatment. The specific surface area and total pore volume of the H3PO4–pretreated biochar were 930 m2 g−1 and 0.558 cm3 g−1, respectively, compared with <51.0 m2 g−1 and 0.046 cm3 g−1 in the untreated biochar. The volume of micropores (<10 nm) increased from 59.0% to 78.4–81.9%. The presence of H3PO4 shifted the decomposition temperature to a lower value and decreased the energy required for biomass decomposition. Micropore formation was via the insertion of P‐O‐P into the C lattice, leading to swelling and amplification of amorphous form and lattice defect of the C structure, as evidenced by Raman spectrum and small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis. The crosslinking of P‐O‐P and C bonds resulted in greater biomass C retention in biochar. This biochar‐phosphorus composite had a much higher sorption ability for Pb than the unmodified biochar, which was possibly dominated by phosphate precipitation and surface adsorption. This study provided a simple method to improve biochar properties and explored the multiple benefits of H3PO4 in biomass pyrolysis.Core Ideas
Multiple benefits were obtained in biochar formation with H3PO4 pretreatment.
H3PO4 increased pore creation, carbon retention, and sorption ability of biochars.
H3PO4 decreased the demanded energy for fibrous cells decomposition.
H3PO4 promoted an amorphous form and lattice defect of the carbon structure.
Insertion of P‐O‐P into carbon lattice leading to carbon dilation and crosslinking.
Recycled Products from Municipal Wastewater: Composition and Effects on Phosphorus Mobility in a Sandy Soil
Authors: Vogel Telse , Kruse Jens , Siebers Nina , Nelles Michael , Eichler‐Löbermann Bettina 
Published: February 2017

Recycled products from wastewater may contain high concentrations of phosphorus (P) and are thus promising alternative fertilizers. However, to better predict their P fertilizer efficiency and potential for P leaching, investigations on P forms and P mobility in soil are essential. In this study, different recycled products—an untreated sewage sludge ash (SSA), an H2SO4–digested SSA, four thermochemically treated SSAs (two Mg‐SSAs and two Ca‐SSAs), and struvite—were investigated using a combination of wet chemical methods and P K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy concerning their composition and their effects on P sorption in a sandy soil in comparison to triple superphosphate. Most of the P in the SSAs was associated with Ca in stable P fractions. The lowest P values in labile fractions (H2O‐P, NaHCO3‐P) were found for the untreated SSA and struvite. However, the addition of struvite resulted in an immediate increase in the bioavailable P fractions and the degree of P saturation in soil after only 1 d of incubation. This suggests a high P fertilizer potential for struvite but also a risk of P losses. Among the SSAs, the two Mg‐SSAs increased the bioavailable P fractions in soil the most, whereas the lowest values were measured after application of the untreated SSA. Our results demonstrate that chemical analyses of recycled P products may involve the risk of misjudging the fertilizer quality when performed alone, without considering the behavior of these products in soil.Core Ideas
Thermochemically treatment increased the P availability of sewage sludge ashes.
Struvite mainly contained less soluble P forms but raised high soluble soil P pools.
Chemical analyses of recycled P products should be combined with incubation studies.
Phosphorus Availability in Western Lake Erie Basin Drainage Waters: Legacy Evidence across Spatial Scales
Authors: King Kevin W. , Williams Mark R. , Johnson Laura T. , Smith Douglas R. , LaBarge Gregory A. , Fausey Norman R. 
Published: February 2017

The Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) was inundated with precipitation during June and July 2015 (two to three times greater than historical averages), which led to significant nutrient loading and the largest in‐lake algal bloom on record. Using discharge and concentration data from three spatial scales (0.18–16,000 km2), we contrast the patterns in nitrate (NO3–N) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentration dynamics and discuss potential management implications. Across all scales, NO3–N concentration steadily declined with each subsequent rainfall event as it was flushed from the system. In contrast, DRP concentration persisted, even on soils at or below agronomic P levels, suggesting that legacy P significantly contributes to nutrient loads in the WLEB. These findings highlight the need to revisit current P fertility recommendations and soil testing procedures to increase P fertilizer use efficiency and to more holistically account for legacy P.Core Ideas
Persistent P concentrations were measured from edge‐of‐field to basin scale.
Persistent P concentrations after successive rainfall events are indicative of legacy P.
Evidence of legacy P beckons for more comprehensive soil test metrics.
Poor Safety and Tolerability Hamper Reaching a Potentially Therapeutic Dose in the Use of Thalidomide for Alzheimer’s Disease: Results from a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Decourt Boris , Drumm-Gurnee Denise , Wilson Jeffrey , Jacobson Sandra , Belden Christine , Sirrel Sherye , Ahmadi Michael , Shill Holly , Powell Jessica , Walker Aaron , Gonzales Amanda , Macias Mimi , Sabbagh Marwan N. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction:
To date there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). After amyloid beta immunotherapies
have failed to meet primary endpoints of slowing cognitive decline in AD subjects, the
inhibition of the beta-secretase BACE1 appears as a promising therapeutic approach. Pre-clinical data
obtained in APP23 mice suggested that the anti-cancer drug thalidomide decreases brainBACE1 and Aβ
levels. This prompted us to develop an NIH-supported Phase IIa clinical trial to test the potential of thalidomide
for AD. We hypothesized that thalidomide can decrease or stabilize brain amyloid deposits,
which would result in slower cognitive decline in drug- versus placebo-treated subjects.

Methods:
This was a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study with
escalating dose regimen of thalidomide with a target dose of 400mg daily in patients with mild to moderate
AD. The primary outcome measures were tolerability and cognitive performance assessed by a
battery of tests.

Results:
A total of 185 subjects have been pre-screened, out of which25 were randomized. Mean age of
the sample at baseline was 73.64 (±7.20) years; mean education was 14.24 (±2.3) years; mean MMSE
score was 21.00 (±5.32); and mean GDS score was 2.76 (±2.28).Among the 25 participants, 14 (56%)
terminated early due to adverse events, dramatically decreasing the power of the study. In addition,
those who completed the study (44%) never reached the estimated therapeutic dose of 400 mg/day thalidomide
because of reported adverse events. The cognitive data showed no difference between the
treated and placebo groups at the end of the trial.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates AD patients have poor tolerability for thalidomide, and are unable
to reach a therapeutic dose felt to be sufficient to have effects on BACE1. Because of poor tolerability,
this study failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect on cognition.
Desarrollo humano en el noroeste de México: un análisis comparativo de los estados de Sonora, Baja California y Baja California Sur, 1995-2005
Authors: Zamudio Sánchez Francisco José , Romo Lozano José Luis , Santiago Santiago Florencio C. 
Published: February 2017

Este artículo aborda el desarrollo humano en Sonora, Baja California y Baja California Sur. Se estimaron los valores de cuatro índices: desarrollo humano con producto interno bruto, desarrollo humano con servicios, con género e inequidad; además de curvas de calidad estatal y municipal. Aunque los valores ubican a Baja California Sur en la mejor posición de los indicadores de desarrollo humano y después a Sonora; Baja California ocupa el mejor sitio en equidad en el país.
Medición de la vulnerabilidad: el caso de la adicción a drogas ilícitas en Chihuahua, México
Authors: Córdova-Contreras Roberto J. , Idrovo Álvaro J. 
Published: February 2017

En el presente estudio se explora el modelo de Rogers para cuantificar la vulnerabilidad, pero sin pruebas empíricas de su utilidad. Éste usa un triángulo equilátero cuyos lados representan los recursos personales y el apoyo ambiental, y la base el grado de vulnerabilidad. Se comparan los datos de la Encuesta estatal de adicciones del estado de Chihuahua, del año 2000, con los resultados obtenidos con la visión tradicional de la epidemiología. El enfoque de la vulnerabilidad identificó a la población analizada como muy sensible. La comparación entre los métodos mostró diferencias importantes, pero no permiten inferir cuál es mejor. Estudios futuros podrán examinar la utilidad del modelo abordado aquí, en diversos contextos.
Modelo estratégico de gestión para investigación en una institucion de educación superior
Authors: Irigoyen-Baldenegro Jose 
Published: February 2017

Producto de un Plan Estratégico Integrado para una Institución de Educación Superior (IES), basado en metodología de Tecnología del Desempeño Humano (HPT), se identificó problemática relativa a su gestión investigadora, contextualizada en baja productividad, poco valor agregado a la sociedad y desarticulación con las necesidades sociales; evidenciando el requerimiento de una reconfiguración estratégica y sistémica de sus procesos. En este contexto, de acuerdo a un análisis de opinión y satisfacción de investigadores institucionales y un proceso metodológico de integración, se propone un modelo estratégico de gestión con una visión social a través de tres niveles de resultados (Mega, Macro y Micro); sirviendo como marco rector de organización mediante la sinergia de estrategias, acciones y recursos vinculables a las áreas y factores críticos de éxito de la actividad investigadora institucional; garantizando su fortalecimiento y mejora continua en términos de productividad, cierre de brechas, satisfacción de usuarios y valor social.
Effect of pelleting on survival of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus–contaminated feed
Authors: Cochrane R. A. , Schumacher L. L. , Dritz S. S. , Woodworth J. C. , Huss A. R. , Stark C. R. , DeRouchey J. M. , Tokach M. D. , Goodband R. D. , Bia J. , Chen Q. , Zhang J. , Gauger P. C. , Derscheid R. J. , Magstadt D. R. , Main R. G. , Jones C. K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a heat-sensitive virus that has devastated the U.S. swine industry. Because of its heat sensitivity, we hypothesized that a steam conditioner and pellet mill mimicking traditional commercial thermal processing may mitigate PEDV infectivity. Pelleting, a common feed processing method, includes the use of steam and shear forces, resulting in increased temperature of the processed feed. Two thermal processing experiments were designed to determine if different pellet mill conditioner retention times and temperatures would impact PEDV quantity and infectivity by analysis of quantitative reverse transcription PCR and bioassay. In Exp. 1, a 3 · 3 · 2 factorial design was used with 3 pelleting temperatures (68.3, 79.4, and 90.6°C), 3 conditioning times (45, 90, or 180 s), and 2 doses of viral inoculation (low, 1 · 102 tissue culture infectious dose50 (the concentration used to see cytopathic effect in 50% of the cells)/g, or high, 1 · 104 tissue culture infectious dose50/g). Noninoculated and PEDV-inoculated unprocessed mash were used as controls. The low-dose PEDV–infected mash had 6.8 ± 1.8 cycle threshold (Ct) greater (P &lt; 0.05) PEDV than the high-dose mash. Regardless of time or temperature, pelleting reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the quantity of detectable viral PEDV RNA compared with the PEDV-inoculated unprocessed mash. Fecal swabs from pigs inoculated with the PEDV-positive unprocessed mash, regardless of dose, were clinically PEDV positive from 2 to 7 d (end of the trial) after inoculation. However, if either PEDV dose of inoculated feed was pelleted at any of the 9 tested conditioning time · temperature combinations, no PEDV RNA was detected in fecal swabs or cecum content. Based on Exp. 1 results, a second experiment was developed to determine the impact of lower processing temperatures on PEDV quantity and infectivity. In Exp. 2, PEDV-inoculated feed was pelleted at 1 of 5 conditioning temperatures (37.8, 46.1, 54.4, 62.8, and 71.1°C) for 30 s. The 5 increasing processing temperatures led to feed with respective mean Ct values of 32.5, 34.6, 37.0, 36.5, and 36.7, respectively. All samples had detectable PEDV RNA. However, infectivity was detected by bioassay only in pigs from the 37.8 and 46.1°C conditioning temperatures. Experiment 2 results suggest conditioning and pelleting temperatures above 54.4°C could be effective in reducing the quantity and infectivity of PEDV in swine feed. However, additional research is needed to prevent subsequent recontamination after pelleting as it is a point-in-time mitigation step.
Mutual fund Performance in Nepalese Mutual fund units: An analysis of Monthly Returns
Authors: Bajracharya Rajan Bilas 
Published: February 2017

Mutual funds dwell in a small market in Nepal. Around seven mutual funds listed in the Nepal stock exchange trade (NEPSE). This paper focused on evaluating the performance of five mutual funds of NEPSE on the basis of monthly returns compared to benchmark return. Risk adjusted performance measures suggested by Jenson, Treynor, Sharpe and statistical models are employed. It is found that, most of the mutual funds have performed better according to Jenson and Treynor measures but not up to the benchmark on the basis of Sharpe ratio. However, few mutual funds are well diversified and have reduced its unique risk. Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol. 3, No. 2, 2016, Page: 92-100
Characterization and Modeling of Contamination for Lyman Break Galaxy Samples at High Redshift
Authors: Vulcani Benedetta , Trenti Michele , Calvi Valentina , Bouwens Rychard , Oesch Pascal , Stiavelli Massimo , Franx Marijn 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The selection of high-redshift sources from broadband photometry using the Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) technique is a well established methodology, but the characterization of its contamination for the faintest sources is still incomplete. We use the optical and near-IR data from four (ultra)deep Hubble Space Telescope legacy fields to investigate the contamination fraction of LBG samples at

selected using a color–color method. Our approach is based on characterizing the number count distribution of interloper sources, that is, galaxies with colors similar to those of LBGs, but showing detection at wavelengths shorter than the spectral break. Without sufficient sensitivity at bluer wavelengths, a subset of interlopers may not be properly classified, and contaminate the LBG selection. The surface density of interlopers in the sky gets steeper with increasing redshift of LBG selections. Since the intrinsic number of dropouts decreases significantly with increasing redshift, this implies increasing contamination from misclassified interlopers with increasing redshift, primarily by intermediate redshift sources with unremarkable properties (intermediate ages, lack of ongoing star formation and low/moderate dust content). Using Monte-Carlo simulations, we estimate that the CANDELS deep data have contamination induced by photometric scatter increasing from

at

to

at

for a typical dropout color

mag, with contamination naturally decreasing for a more stringent dropout selection. Contaminants are expected to be located preferentially near the detection limit of surveys, ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 contaminants per arcmin2 at

= 30, depending on the field considered. This analysis suggests that the impact of contamination in future studies of

galaxies needs to be carefully considered.
Improved Dynamical Constraints on the Mass of the Central Black Hole in NGC 404
Authors: Nguyen Dieu D. , Seth Anil C. , Brok Mark den , Neumayer Nadine , Cappellari Michele , Barth Aaron J. , Caldwell Nelson , Williams Benjamin F. , Binder Breanna 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We explore the nucleus of the nearby 109

M

⊙

early-type galaxy, NGC 404, using Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/STIS spectroscopy and WFC3 imaging. We first present evidence for nuclear variability in UV, optical, and infrared filters over a time period of 15 years. This variability adds to the already substantial evidence for an accreting black hole at the center of NGC 404. We then redetermine the dynamical black hole mass in NGC 404 including modeling of the nuclear stellar populations. We combine HST/STIS spectroscopy with WFC3 images to create a local color–M/L relation derived from stellar population modeling of the STIS data. We then use this to create a mass model for the nuclear region. We use Jeans modeling to fit this mass model to adaptive optics stellar kinematic observations from Gemini/NIFS. From our stellar dynamical modeling, we find a 3σ upper limit on the black hole mass of

1.5
×

10

5

M

⊙

. Given the accretion evidence for a black hole, this upper limit makes NGC 404 the lowest mass central black hole with dynamical mass constraints. We find that the kinematics of H2 emission line gas show evidence for non-gravitational motions preventing the use of gas dynamical modeling to constrain the black hole mass. Our stellar population modeling also reveals that the central, counter-rotating region of the nuclear cluster is dominated by ∼1 Gyr old populations.
The Galactic Center: A Petaelectronvolt Cosmic-ray Acceleration Factory
Authors: Guo Yi-Qing , Tian Zhen , Wang Zhen , Li Hai-Jin , Chen Tian-Lu 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The multiteraelectronvolt γ-rays from the galactic center (GC) have a cutoff at tens of teraelectronvolts, whereas the diffuse emission has no such cutoff, which is regarded as an indication of petaelectronvolt proton acceleration by the HESS experiment. It is important to understand the inconsistency and study the possibility that petaelectronvolt cosmic-ray acceleration could account for the apparently contradictory point and diffuse γ-ray spectra. In this work, we propose that the cosmic rays are accelerated up to greater than petaelectronvolts in the GC. The interaction between cosmic rays and molecular clouds is responsible for the multiteraelectronvolt γ-ray emissions from both the point and diffuse sources today. Enhanced by the small volume filling factor (VFF) of the clumpy structure, the absorption of the γ-rays leads to a sharp cutoff spectrum at tens of teraelectronvolts produced in the GC. Away from the GC, the VFF grows, and the absorption enhancement becomes negligible. As a result, the spectra of γ-ray emissions for both point and diffuse sources can be successfully reproduced under such a self-consistent picture. In addition, a “surviving tail” at ∼100 TeV is expected from the point source, which can be observed by future projects CTA and LHAASO. Neutrinos are simultaneously produced during proton-proton (PP) collision. With 5–10 years of observations, the KM3Net experiment will be able to detect the petaelectronvolt source according to our calculation.