bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stat5 Is Required for CD103+ Dendritic Cell and Alveolar Macrophage Development and Protection from Lung Injury
Authors: Eddy William E. , Gong Ke-Qin , Bell Bryan , Parks William C. , Ziegler Steven F. , Manicone Anne M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We tested the role of Stat5 in dendritic cell and alveolar macrophage (AM) homeostasis in the lung using CD11c-cre mediated deletion (Cre+5f/f). We show that Stat5 is required for CD103+ dendritic cell and AM development. We found that fetal monocyte maturation into AMs was impaired in Cre+5f/f mice, and we also confirmed impaired AM development of progenitor cells using mixed chimera experiments. In the absence of Stat5 signaling in AMs, mice developed alveolar proteinosis with altered lipid homeostasis. In addition, loss of Stat5 in CD11c+ cells was associated with exaggerated LPS-induced inflammatory responses and vascular leak. In Cre+5f/f mice, there was loss of immune-dampening effects on epithelial cells, a key source of CCL2 that serves to recruit monocytes and macrophages. These findings demonstrate the critical importance of Stat5 signaling in maintaining lung homeostasis, and underscore the importance of resident macrophages in moderating tissue damage and excess inflammation.
Oral Myiasis—A Pauper's Affection: Case Reports and a Review of 62 Cases
Authors: Mistry Yusuf A , Mistry Taher , Kokal Shailesh 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTOral myiasis is a rare disease caused by infestation of larvae of certain dipteran flies. It is reported mostly in developing, tropical countries. The warm and humid climate along with local factors, such as poor oral hygiene and neglect forms a conducive environment for larvae and predisposes toward the disease. This disease often manifests in patients with low socioeconomic backgrounds, debilitating condition, and poor living conditions. Herein, we describe a series of three cases of different presentations of oral and facial myiasis and also discuss the predisposing factors and challenges in the treatment by reviewing a list of 62 cases in recent literature.Through this review and reports, we hope to spread awareness regarding the not so uncommon, but easily preventable disease of oral myiasis and initiate proper research in this neglected section of disease.How to cite this articleNatarajan S, Mistry YA, Mistry T, Kokal S. Oral Myiasis—A Pauper's Affection: Case Reports and a Review of 62 Cases. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(1):62-70.
Optimization of river network representation data models for web‐based systems
Authors: Demir Ibrahim , Szczepanek Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWeb‐based systems allow users to filter data and resources using river network structure on interactive map environments that use server side processing. With the increasing resolution of river networks, optimized methods for storage of river network representation in databases and efficient queries on the river network structure become critical. This paper presents a detailed study of widely used methods for representing generic networks in relational databases and benchmarking common queries on river network data using these methods. The analysis has been applied to a data set consisting of the river network of Iowa, with over 620,000 individual subwatersheds/nodes in the network. For typical river network queries (path to the outlet; contributing watersheds), two of considered data models (Adjacency List and Nested Set) guarantee response times below 1 s. This will allow users to carry out large‐scale analysis and visualizations tasks on the web for hydrological data sets. A new data model, Stream Network, is proposed based on Path Enumeration, stores directly additional hydrological information, enabling, for example, retrieval of the main stream.
Simulation of block‐and‐ash flows and ash‐cloud surges of the 2010 eruption of Merapi volcano with a two‐layer model
Authors: Kelfoun Karim , Gueugneau Valentin , Komorowski Jean‐Christophe , Aisyah Nurnaning , Cholik Noer , Merciecca Charley 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new depth‐averaged model has been developed for the simulation of both concentrated and dilute pyroclastic currents and their interactions. The capability of the model to reproduce a real event is tested for the first time with two well‐studied eruptive phases of the 2010 eruption of Merapi volcano (Indonesia). We show that the model is able to reproduce quite accurately the dynamics of the currents and the characteristics of the deposits: thickness, extent, volume, and trajectory. The model needs to be tested on other well‐studied eruptions and the equations could be refined, but this new approach is a promising tool for the understanding of pyroclastic currents and for a better prediction of volcanic hazards.
Optimization of a novel large field of view distortion phantom for MR‐only treatment planning
Authors: Price Ryan G. , Knight Robert A. , Hwang Ken‐Pin , Bayram Ersin , Nejad‐Davarani Siamak P. , Glide‐Hurst Carri K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeMR‐only treatment planning requires images of high geometric fidelity, particularly for large fields of view (FOV). However, the availability of large FOV distortion phantoms with analysis software is currently limited. This work sought to optimize a modular distortion phantom to accommodate multiple bore configurations and implement distortion characterization in a widely implementable solution.Method and MaterialsTo determine candidate materials, 1.0 T MR and CT images were acquired of twelve urethane foam samples of various densities and strengths. Samples were precision‐machined to accommodate 6 mm diameter paintballs used as landmarks. Final material candidates were selected by balancing strength, machinability, weight, and cost. Bore sizes and minimum aperture width resulting from couch position were tabulated from the literature (14 systems, 5 vendors). Bore geometry and couch position were simulated using MATLAB to generate machine‐specific models to optimize the phantom build. Previously developed software for distortion characterization was modified for several magnet geometries (1.0 T, 1.5 T, 3.0 T), compared against previously published 1.0 T results, and integrated into the 3D Slicer application platform.ResultsAll foam samples provided sufficient MR image contrast with paintball landmarks. Urethane foam (compressive strength ∼1000 psi, density ~20 lb/ft3) was selected for its accurate machinability and weight characteristics. For smaller bores, a phantom version with the following parameters was used: 15 foam plates, 55 × 55 × 37.5 cm3 (L×W×H), 5,082 landmarks, and weight ~30 kg. To accommodate > 70 cm wide bores, an extended build used 20 plates spanning 55 × 55 × 50 cm3 with 7,497 landmarks and weight ~44 kg. Distortion characterization software was implemented as an external module into 3D Slicer's plugin framework and results agreed with the literature.ConclusionThe design and implementation of a modular, extendable distortion phantom was optimized for several bore configurations. The phantom and analysis software will be available for multi‐institutional collaborations and cross‐validation trials to support MR‐only planning.
Respiratory morbidity among U.S. coal miners in states outside of central Appalachia
Authors: Reynolds Laura E. , Blackley David J. , Laney Anthony S. , Halldin Cara N. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundRecent NIOSH publications have focused on the respiratory health of coal miners in central Appalachia, yet 57% of U.S. coal miners work in other regions. We characterized respiratory morbidity in coal miners from these regions.MethodsActive coal miners working outside of central Appalachia who received chest radiographs and/or spirometry during 2005‐2015 were included. Chest radiographs were classified according to International Labour Office standards and spirometry was interpreted using the American Thoracic Society guidelines. Prevalence of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) and abnormal spirometry were compared by region.ResultsA total of 103 (2.1%) miners had CWP. The eastern region had the highest prevalence (3.4%), followed by the western (1.7%), and interior (0.8%) regions. A total of 524 (9.3%) miners had abnormal spirometry.ConclusionsCWP occurs in all U.S. coal mining regions. Prevalence of CWP was higher in the eastern region, but lower than levels reported in central Appalachia.
An Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Tupichilignan A using Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes: A Structural Revision of Tupichilignan A
Authors: Kimura Yumi , Sone Yoshitomo , Saito Taichi , Mochizuki Takehito , Nishii Yoshinori 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn asymmetric total synthesis of tupichilignan A was achieved using enantioenriched donor–acceptor (D–A) cyclopropanes. The key steps include an asymmetric cyclopropanation using the Hayashi–Jørgensen catalyst, an oxy‐homo‐Michael reaction of a bicyclic D–A cyclopropane, an α‐benzylation of a γ‐lactone, a decarboxylation furnishing a trans‐α,β‐dibenzyl‐γ‐lactone, a configurational inversion of a hydroxy chiral center via oxidation, and a final reduction, all of which occur with high stereoselectivity. The spectral data of the diastereomer previously identified in the literature as tupichilignan A were found to be inconsistent with the reported data for the natural product. On the basis of the spectral data of both of the synthesized diastereomers, the structure of tupichilignan A was revised, and the absolute configuration of the 7 position of tupichilignan A was changed from R to S.
Frequency‐Swept Integrated Solid Effect
Authors: Can Thach V. , Weber Ralph T. , Walish Joseph J. , Swager Timothy M. , Griffin Robert G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe efficiency of continuous wave dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments decreases at the high magnetic fields used in contemporary high‐resolution NMR applications. To recover the expected signal enhancements from DNP, we explored time domain experiments such as NOVEL which matches the electron Rabi frequency to the nuclear Larmor frequency to mediate polarization transfer. However, satisfying this matching condition at high frequencies is technically demanding. As an alternative we report here frequency‐swept integrated solid effect (FS‐ISE) experiments that allow low power sweeps of the exciting microwave frequencies to constructively integrate the negative and positive polarizations of the solid effect, thereby producing a polarization efficiency comparable to (±10 % difference) NOVEL. Finally, the microwave frequency modulation results in field profiles that exhibit new features that we coin the “stretched” solid effect.
Natural Abundance 17O DNP NMR Provides Precise O−H Distances and Insights into the Brønsted Acidity of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Perras Frédéric A. , Wang Zhuoran , Naik Pranjali , Slowing Igor I. , Pruski Marek 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHeterogeneous Brønsted acid catalysts are tremendously important in industry, particularly in catalytic cracking processes. Here we show that these Brønsted acid sites can be directly observed at natural abundance by 17O DNP surface‐enhanced NMR spectroscopy (SENS). We additionally show that the O−H bond length in these catalysts can be measured with sub‐picometer precision, to enable a direct structural gauge of the lability of protons in a given material, which is correlated with the pH of the zero point of charge of the material. Experiments performed on materials impregnated with pyridine also allow for the direct detection of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions through the lengthening of O−H bonds.
Ferrocene‐ and Biferrocene‐Containing Macrocycles towards Single‐Molecule Electronics
Authors: Wilson Lucy E. , Hassenrück Christopher , Winter Rainer F. , White Andrew J. P. , Albrecht Tim , Long Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCyclic multiredox centered systems are currently of great interest, with new compounds being reported and developments made in understanding their behavior. Efficient, elegant, and high‐yielding (for macrocyclic species) synthetic routes to two novel alkynyl‐conjugated multiple ferrocene‐ and biferrocene‐containing cyclic compounds are presented. The electronic interactions between the individual ferrocene units have been investigated through electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, density functional theory (DFT), and crystallography to understand the effect of cyclization on the electronic properties and structure.
Lanthanide Complexes that Respond to Changes in Cyanide Concentration in Water
Authors: Routledge Jack D. , Zhang Xuejian , Connolly Michael , Tropiano Manuel , Blackburn Octavia A. , Kenwright Alan M. , Beer Paul D. , Aldridge Simon , Faulkner Stephen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCyanide ions are shown to interact with lanthanide complexes of phenacylDO3A derivatives in aqueous solution, giving rise to changes in the luminescence and NMR spectra. These changes are the consequence of cyanohydrin formation, which is favored by the coordination of the phenacyl carbonyl group to the lanthanide center. These complexes display minimal affinity for fluoride and can detect cyanide at concentrations less than 1 μm. By contrast, lanthanide complexes with DOTAM derivatives display no affinity for cyanide in water, but respond to changes in fluoride concentration.
Preparation of Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional TixTa1−xSyOz Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Photothermal Agents
Authors: Tan Chaoliang , Zhao Lingzhi , Yu Peng , Huang Ying , Chen Bo , Lai Zhuangchai , Qi Xiaoying , Goh Min Hao , Zhang Xiao , Han Shikui , Wu Xue‐Jun , Liu Zheng , Zhao Yanli , Zhang Hua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough two‐dimensional (2D) metal oxide/sulfide hybrid nanostructures have been synthesized, the facile preparation of ultrathin 2D nanosheets in high yield still remains a challenge. Herein, we report the first high‐yield preparation of solution‐processed ultrathin 2D metal oxide/sulfide hybrid nanosheets, that is, TixTa1−xSyOz (x=0.71, 0.49, and 0.30), from TixTa1−xS2 precursors. The nanosheet exhibits strong absorbance in the near‐infrared region, giving a large extinction coefficient of 54.1 L g−1 cm−1 at 808 nm, and a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 39.2 %. After modification with lipoic acid‐conjugated polyethylene glycol, the nanosheet is a suitable photothermal agent for treatment of cancer cells under 808 nm laser irradiation. This work provides a facile and general method for the preparation of 2D metal oxide/sulfide hybrid nanosheets.
Analysis of the plant composition of manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) faeces in a lake in south‐eastern Mexico
Authors: Ponce‐García Gloria , Olivera‐Gómez León D. , Solano Eloy 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) is a species at risk of extinction. Its diet in freshwater environments has been scarcely studied in Mexico, despite its significance for managing populations and habitat.
The diet of Antillean manatees inhabiting the Natural Protected Area of Laguna de las Ilusiones, in Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico, was studied during the rainy season.
A microhistological analysis was conducted on 51 manatee faecal samples. The cuticle and epidermis of 35 plant species present in vegetation patches used as foraging grounds by the Antillean manatee were described.
In total, 223 plant fragments belonging to 11 families and 25 vascular plant taxa were identified. Echinochloa polystachya had the highest frequency (70.6%). Plant richness per faecal sample varied between one and eight plant species.
This manatee population feeds mainly on grass. The plant species found coincide with those reported in other studies on sirenian diets. However, 11 new plant species consumed by manatees were recorded. This is the most comprehensive study to date in river systems in Mexico on the botanical richness of manatee faeces. The information provided here can be applied to decision‐making on the conservation of the Antillean manatee and its critical habitat.
Binary mesovortex structure associated with southwest vortex
Authors: Zhou Kuo , Liu Haiwen , Zhao Liang , Zhu Yuxiang , Lin Yihua , Zhang Fuying , Fu Ning 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious work has concluded that the southwest vortex (SWV) is a single mesoscale vortex. Applying the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Final Operational Global Analysis, the Interim European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis, and the non‐hydrostatic mesoscale Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to a case study, we discovered a new type of SWV associated with another coexisting mesoscale warm and moist vortex. In the case study, meso‐β‐scale vortex‐A was generated at 1800 UTC 17 July, and dissipated around 0500 UTC 18 July 2013, with a lifespan of approximately 11 h. Vortex‐B occurred at 0600 UTC 17 July and moved out of the Sichuan Basin at 0800 UTC 18 July 2013, remaining over the basin for approximately 26 h. Stronger atmospheric upward motion and two mesoscale rainbelts associated with each of the vortices further demonstrate the binary mesoscale vortex structure related to the SWV using the WRF model. The quasi‐geostrophic balance of the two mesoscale cyclonic circulations is responsible for the generation and maintenance of the two closed mesoscale vortices.
Effect of TiO2nanoparticles on some photophysical characteristics of ketocyanine dyes
Authors: Thipperudrappa Javuku , Raghavendra U. P. , Basanagouda Mahantesha 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on photophysical characteristics of 2,5‐di[(E)‐1‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl) methylidine]‐1‐cyclopentanone (2,5‐DMAPMC) and 2,5‐di[(E)‐1‐(4‐diethylaminophenyl)methylidine]‐1‐cyclopentanone (2,5‐DEAPMC) ketocyanine dyes has been studied using absorption, steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The magnitudes of association constants determined based on modified absorption spectrum of dyes due to the presence of TiO2NPs indicate the interaction of TiO2NPs with dye molecules. The quenching of fluorescence intensity of dyes by TiO2NPs is observed and it follows linear Stern‐Volmer (S‐V) equation. The magnitude of quenching rate parameter suggests the involvement of static quenching mechanism. The involvement of electron transfer process in reducing fluorescence intensity of dyes has been discussed. Also, varying influence of TiO2NPs on two dyes is explained based on the presence of different alkyl substituent in two dyes.
Metabolic engineering of cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) synthesis and regeneration in Escherichia coli for production of α‐keto acids
Authors: Hou Ying , Hossain Gazi S. , Li Jianghua , Shin Hyun‐Dong , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian , Liu Long 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTCofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) plays a vital role in many FAD‐dependent enzymatic reactions; therefore, how to efficiently accelerate FAD synthesis and regeneration is an important topic in biocatalysis and metabolic engineering. In this study, a system involving the synthesis pathway and regeneration of FAD was engineered in Escherichia coli to improve α‐keto acid production—from the corresponding l‐amino acids—catalyzed by FAD‐dependent l‐amino acid deaminase (l‐AAD). First, key genes, ribH, ribC, and ribF, were overexpressed and fine‐tuned for FAD synthesis. In the resulting E. coli strain PHCF7, strong overexpression of pma, ribC, and ribF and moderate overexpression of ribH yielded a 90% increase in phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) titer: 19.4 ± 1.1 g · L−1. Next, formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and NADH oxidase (NOX) were overexpressed to strengthen the regeneration rate of cofactors FADH2/FAD using FDH for FADH2/FAD regeneration and NOX for NAD+/NADH regeneration. The resulting E. coli strain PHCF7‐FDH‐NOX yielded the highest PPA production: 31.4 ± 1.1 g · L−1. Finally, this whole‐cell system was adapted to production of other α‐keto acids including α‐ketoglutaric acid, α‐ketoisocaproate, and keto‐γ‐methylthiobutyric acid to demonstrate the broad utility of strengthening of FAD synthesis and FADH2/FAD regeneration for production of α‐keto acids. Notably, the strategy reported herein may be generally applicable to other flavin‐dependent biocatalysis reactions and metabolic pathway optimizations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1928–1936. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Associations between cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wang Yi‐Xuan , Zhao Jue , Li Da‐Ke , Peng Fang , Wang Ying , Yang Ke , Liu Zhen‐Yang , Liu Feng‐Tao , Wu Jian‐Jun , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionNumerous studies have been carried out to explore the potential association between neurologic deficits and variable clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of our study was to investigate the association between cognitive performance and motor dysfunction in Chinese patients with PD.MethodsData from 96 patients with PD were obtained from the Parkinson's disease patient cohort database of Huashan Hospital. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation to assess cognitive status, that included scoring on the Mini‐mental state examination (MMSE), followed by more detailed cognitive assessment on five main cognitive domains (verbal memory, nonverbal memory, visuospatial function, language and attention/executive function). Correlations between cognitive and motor scores were investigated after controlling for age, disease duration, education, and gender.ResultsWe report a significant correlation between subdomains of cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction using analyses of the multiple linear regression. Notably, executive function and attention was significantly associated with bradykinesia and rigidity, while visuospatial function was associated with bradykinesia and tremor.ConclusionsThe association between motor dysfunction and cognitive decline in PD might highlight deficits represented by a shared neurochemical pathway.
Early versus late percutaneous revascularization in patients hospitalized with non ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: The atherosclerosis risk in communities surveillance study
Authors: Arora Sameer , Matsushita Kunihiro , Qamar Arman , Stacey R. Brandon , Caughey Melissa C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend early invasive intervention (<24 hr) for high risk patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). A delayed invasive strategy (24–72 hr) is considered reasonable for low risk patients. The real‐world effectiveness of this strategy is unknown.MethodsThe ARIC Study has conducted hospital surveillance of acute myocardial infarction (MI) since 1987. NSTEMI was classified using a validated algorithm. We limited our study to patients undergoing early (<24 hr of the event onset), or late (≥24 hr) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were stratified into low (TIMI score 2–4), and high risk (TIMI score 5–7, or presence of cardiogenic shock, ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac arrest). Associations between early versus late PCI and mortality were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for demographics, hospitalization year, TIMI score, and comorbidities.ResultsFrom 1987 to 2012, 6,746 patients were hospitalized with NSTEMI and underwent PCI. Most were white (79%), male (68%), with mean age 61 years. The 28‐day and 1‐year mortality were 2% and 5%, respectively. Most revascularizations (65%) were late. After accounting for potential confounders, early PCI was associated with a 58% reduced 28‐day mortality (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.21–0.84) for the entire population, and 57% reduced mortality (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21–0.88) for high risk patients. By 1‐year of follow up, there was no significant difference in mortality with respect to early vs. late PCI.ConclusionIn hospitalized NSTEMI patients with high risk of clinical events, early PCI is associated with improved 28‐day survival.