bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2014 French guidelines for hepatitis B and C screening: a combined targeted and mass testing strategy of chronic viruses namely HBV, HCV and HIV
Authors: Bottero Julie , Brouard Cécile , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Deuffic‐Burban Sylvie , Hofliger Philippe , Abergel Armand , Volant Johann , Dhumeaux Daniel , Yazdanpanah Yazdan ,   the Viral Hepatitis Testing Experts group
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsWorldwide and, to a lesser extent, in France, a minority of individuals infected with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) is aware of its status. Given the current availability of highly effective anti‐HBV and anti‐HCV agents, the high rate of undiagnosed people, associated with individual and community prejudices (liver disease worsening, persistence of a hidden transmission reservoir and medicoeconomic burden of delayed care), is unacceptable.MethodsOn the occasion of the first French general report on viral hepatitis, new recommendations for HBV and HCV testing were issued. We aim to introduce the new French strategy for HBV and HCV screening, and to describe the underlying epidemiological data.ResultsThese recommendations comprise various items. First, the screening of chronic viruses, namely HBV, HCV and HIV, should be quasi‐systematically combined. Second, the targeted screening of groups at risk of viral exposure must be strengthened. Third, routine testing for each of these three viruses should be offered at least once to men of 18–60 years old who had never been tested. In parallel, in pregnant women, in addition to HIV–HBV screening, currently recommended HCV testing should be routinely performed during the first trimester of pregnancy. In order to best achieve the target populations, community initiatives that propose testing actions should be encouraged, particularly those including rapid point‐of‐care tests.ConclusionsOverall, these recommendations aim to define a comprehensive testing strategy for chronic viral infections, emphasizing both targeted screening and mass screening and considering jointly HBV, HCV and HIV.
A New Angle on the Knobe Effect: Intentionality Correlates with Blame, not with Praise
Authors: Hindriks Frank , Douven Igor , Singmann Henrik 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn a celebrated experiment, Joshua Knobe showed that people are much more prone to attribute intentionality to an agent for a side effect of a given act when that side effect is harmful than when it is beneficial. This asymmetry has become known as ‘the Knobe Effect’. According to Knobe's Moral Valence Explanation (as we call it), bad effects trigger the attributions of intentionality, whereas good effects do not. Many others believe that the Knobe Effect is best explained in terms of the high amount of blame attributed in the harm condition, and the low amount of praise attributed in the help condition. This Blame Hypothesis (as we call it) explains the high number of intentionality attributions in the harm condition in terms of the high degree of blame people ascribe, and the low number of intentionality attributions in the help conditions in terms of the low degree of praise people attribute. We replicated Knobe's original experiment and conducted a logistic regression on the results to probe more deeply into the relationship between attributions of intentionality and responsibility. The statistical analysis revealed a hitherto unknown interaction effect: intentionality correlates with blame, but not with praise. This interaction effect is consistent with the Moral Valence Hypothesis, but inconsistent with the Blame Hypothesis, as well as with two of the three other hypotheses discussed here.
Emerging role of high‐resolution imaging in the detection of renal osteodystrophy
Authors: Sharma Ashish K , Masterson Rosemary , Holt Stephen G , Toussaint Nigel D 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe term renal osteodystrophy refers to changes in bone morphology induced by chronic kidney disease (CKD) and represents the skeletal component of the entity ‘chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorder’. Changes in turnover, mineralization, mass and microarchitecture impair bone quality, compromising strength and increasing susceptibility to fractures. Fractures are more common in CKD compared with the general population and result in increased morbidity and mortality. Screening for fracture risk and management of renal osteodystrophy are hindered by the complex, and still only partially understood, pathophysiology and the inadequacy of currently available diagnostic methods. Bone densitometry and bone turnover markers, although potentially helpful, have significant limitations in patients with CKD, and the ‘gold standard’ test of bone biopsy is infrequently performed in routine clinical practice. However, recent advances in high‐resolution bone microarchitecture imaging may offer greater potential for quantification and assessment of bone structure and strength and, when used in conjunction with serum biomarkers, may allow non‐invasive testing for a diagnostic virtual bone biopsy.
An ancient and conserved function for Armadillo‐related proteins in the control of spore and seed germination by abscisic acid
Authors: Moody Laura A. , Saidi Younousse , Gibbs Daniel J. , Choudhary Anushree , Holloway Daniel , Vesty Eleanor F. , Bansal Kiran Kaur , Bradshaw Susan J. , Coates Juliet C. 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Armadillo‐related proteins regulate development throughout eukaryotic kingdoms. In the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, Armadillo‐related ARABIDILLO proteins promote multicellular root branching. ARABIDILLO homologues exist throughout land plants, including early‐diverging species lacking true roots, suggesting that early‐evolving ARABIDILLOs had additional biological roles.

Here we investigated, using molecular genetics, the conservation and diversification of ARABIDILLO protein function in plants separated by c. 450 million years of evolution.

We demonstrate that ARABIDILLO homologues in the moss Physcomitrella patens regulate a previously undiscovered inhibitory effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on spore germination. Furthermore, we show that A. thaliana ARABIDILLOs function similarly during seed germination. Early‐diverging ARABIDILLO homologues from both P. patens and the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii can substitute for ARABIDILLO function during A. thaliana root development and seed germination.

We conclude that (1) ABA was co‐opted early in plant evolution to regulate functionally analogous processes in spore‐ and seed‐producing plants and (2) plant ARABIDILLO germination functions were co‐opted early into both gametophyte and sporophyte, with a specific rooting function evolving later in the land plant lineage.
Powdery mildew suppresses herbivore‐induced plant volatiles and interferes with parasitoid attraction in Brassica rapa
Authors: Desurmont Gaylord A. , Xu Hao , Turlings Ted C. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of different antagonists on a plant can greatly affect infochemicals with ecological consequences for higher trophic levels. Here we investigated how the presence of a plant pathogen, the powdery mildew Erysiphe cruciferarum, on Brassica rapa affects (1) plant volatiles emitted in response to damage by a specialist herbivore, Pieris brassicae; (2) the attraction of the parasitic wasp Cotesia glomerata and (3) the performance of P. brassicae and C. glomerata. Plant volatiles were significantly induced by herbivory in both healthy and mildew‐infected plants, but were quantitatively 41% lower for mildew‐infected plants compared to healthy plants. Parasitoids strongly preferred Pieris‐infested plants to dually‐infested (Pieris + mildew) plants, and preferred dually infested plants over only mildew‐infected plants. The performance of P. brassicae was unaffected by powdery mildew, but C. glomerata cocoon mass was reduced when parasitized caterpillars developed on mildew‐infected plants. Thus, avoidance of mildew‐infested plants may be adaptive for C. glomerata parasitoids, whereas P. brassicae caterpillars may suffer less parasitism on mildew‐infected plants in nature. From a pest management standpoint, the concurrent presence of multiple plant antagonists can affect the efficiency of specific natural enemies, which may in turn have a negative impact on the regulation of pest populations.
Pancreatic Panniculitis in an 18‐Month‐Old with Complete DiGeorge Syndrome
Authors: Aivaz Ohara , Radfar Arash , Kirkorian Anna Yasmine 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPancreatic panniculitis, characterized by tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules occurring most commonly on the lower extremities, occurs in 2% of cases of pancreatic disease. We present a rare case of pancreatic panniculitis in a child with complete DiGeorge syndrome.
Fetal Alcohol Exposure and PHACE Syndrome: A Case and Autopsy Report
Authors: Oza Vikash S. , Feigenbaum Dana F. , Jacquot Cyril , Hess Christopher P. , Siegel Dawn , Frieden Ilona J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis report describes the clinical, radiologic, and autopsy findings of a newborn with PHACE syndrome (posterior fossa malformations, hemangioma, arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, and eye anomalies) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. To our knowledge, the concurrence of these conditions has not been reported in the literature.
Unusual Manifestations of Familial Juvenile Colloid Milium in Two Siblings
Authors: Alshami Mohammad Ali 
Published: April 2016

AbstractJuvenile colloid milium is an extremely rare degenerative dermatosis of the dermal connective tissue manifesting before puberty. This chronic skin condition, detected primarily in sun‐exposed areas, is clinically characterized by the development of translucent, yellowish papules and plaques containing gelatinous material and by the presence of eosinophilic, fissured material in the papillary dermis. We present two cases of juvenile colloid milium, in a 13‐year‐old girl and her 10‐year‐old brother; the condition emerged in both at approximately 6 years of age and progressively worsened. They both presented with multiple yellowish, translucent, firm, flat papules and plaques mainly over the face on the cheeks and on the perioral and periocular areas in a unique linear pattern.
Improving periodontal outcomes: merging clinical and behavioral science
Authors: Wilder Rebecca S. , Bray Kimberly S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNew data indicate that periodontal diseases are much more prevalent than previously thought, which means that there are large numbers of patients who will need to be diagnosed and treated for periodontal disease in a general dental practice. Oral hygiene procedures performed by patients between office visits are important for gingival health. No particular type of toothbrush has consistently been shown to have superior plaque‐removal ability over another. Although studies on powered brushes have shown evidence for efficacy of biofilm removal and increased patient compliance, they are of short duration, making evaluation of long‐term effects difficult to achieve. Interdental cleaning with dental floss can be effective but it is technique‐sensitive. Interdental brushes have been shown to be superior to floss in plaque index scores, but not in gingival inflammation reduction. A systematic review of oral irrigation reported a beneficial adjunctive effect on bleeding and gingival indices and pocket depth. Antimicrobials in mouthrinses and toothpastes have shown significant reductions in plaque and gingivitis when used correctly. Even though it is considered essential for patients to utilize biofilm‐removal techniques on a frequent basis, studies on adherence show that approximately 30–60% of health information is forgotten within 1 h, and 50% of health recommendations are not followed. Incorporating psychosocial aspects of behavioral change, including well‐established counseling strategies, such as motivational interviewing, may elicit improved patient outcomes.
Impact of weekend admission on in‐hospital mortality in severe community‐acquired pneumonia patients in Japan
Authors: Uematsu Hironori , Kunisawa Susumu , Yamashita Kazuto , Fushimi Kiyohide , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveLittle is known about the consequences of weekend admission on the quality of care in patients with severe community‐acquired pneumonia. We compared the outcomes of weekend versus weekdays' admission for these patients on risk‐adjusted mortality.MethodsUsing a large nationwide administrative database, we analysed patients with severe pneumonia who had been hospitalized in 1044 acute care hospitals between 2012 and 2013. We compared risk‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality of guideline‐concordant care between patients admitted weekdays and patients admitted on weekends.ResultsThe study sample comprised 17 342 patients admitted on weekdays and 6190 patients admitted on weekends. The mortality rate of the weekend admission group was significantly higher than that of the weekday admission group (23.7% vs 20.5%; P < 0.001). Even after adjusting for baseline patient severity and need for urgent care, weekend admissions were associated with higher mortality (odds ratio: 1.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.19). The implementation rates of guideline‐concordant microbiological tests (including sputum cultures and urine antigen tests) were significantly lower in the weekend admission group. These tests were found to be associated with lower in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionOur findings showed that weekend admission was associated with increased mortality in patients with severe community‐acquired pneumonia in Japan. This may have been influenced by lower implementation of microbiological testing.
Toward a Personalized Science of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Doré Bruce P. , Silvers Jennifer A. , Ochsner Kevin N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe ability to successfully regulate emotion plays a key role in healthy development and the maintenance of psychological well‐being. Although great strides have been made in understanding the nature of regulatory processes and the consequences of deploying them, a comprehensive understanding of emotion regulation that can specify what strategies are most beneficial for a given person in a given situation is still a far‐off goal. In this review, we argue that moving toward this goal represents a central challenge for the future of the field. As an initial step, we propose a concrete framework that (i) explicitly considers emotion regulation as an interaction of person, situation, and strategy, (ii) assumes that regulatory effects vary according to these factors, and (iii) sets as a primary scientific goal the identification of person‐, situation‐, and strategy‐based contingencies for successful emotion regulation. Guided by this framework, we review current questions facing the field, discuss examples of contextual variation in emotion regulation success, and offer practical suggestions for continued progress in this area.
Implicit Measures of Attitudes and Political Voting Behavior
Authors: Friese Malte , Smith Colin Tucker , Koever Marton , Bluemke Matthias 
Published: April 2016

AbstractImplicit measures have contributed to the prediction of behavior in numerous domains including the political realm. Some theoretical arguments suggest that implicit measures are unlikely to substantially improve the prediction of political voting behavior. Other arguments are more optimistic, especially regarding the prediction of undecided voters' behavior. Here, we review the evidence regarding the extent to which implicit measures improve the prediction of political voting behavior beyond explicit self‐report measures. Results reveal that implicit measures are often statistically significant predictors. However, the inclusion of an implicit measure leads to modest or even no improvement of the overall accuracy of the original prediction. We conclude that implicit measures are likely to be practically relevant for predicting voting behavior only if researchers can identify new approaches. Related findings in political psychology may pave the way as they demonstrate that implicit measures can contribute unique knowledge not accounted for in other ways.
ADAMTS13 autoantibodies cloned from patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: 2. Pathogenicity in an animal model
Authors: Ostertag Eric M. , Bdeir Khalil , Kacir Stephen , Thiboutot Michelle , Gulendran Gayathri , Yunk Lenka , Hayes Vincent M. , Motto David G. , Poncz Mortimer , Zheng X. Long , Cines Douglas B. , Siegel Don L. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDAcquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a potentially fatal disease in which ultralarge von Willebrand factor (UL‐VWF) multimers accumulate as a result of autoantibody inhibition of the VWF protease, ADAMTS13. Current treatment is not specifically directed at the responsible autoantibodies and in some cases is ineffective or of transient benefit. More rational, reliable, and durable therapies are needed, and a human autoantibody‐mediated animal model would be useful for their development. Previously, TTP patient anti‐ADAMTS13 single‐chain variable‐region fragments (scFv's) were cloned that inhibited ADAMTS13 proteolytic activity in vitro and expressed features in common with inhibitory immunoglobulin G in patient plasma. Here, pathogenicity of these scFv's is explored in vivo by transfecting mice with inhibitory antibody cDNA.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSHydrodynamic tail vein injection of naked DNA encoding human anti‐ADAMTS13 scFv was used to create sustained ADAMTS13 inhibition in mice. Accumulation of UL‐VWF multimers was measured and formation of platelet (PLT) thrombi after focal or systemic vascular injury was examined.RESULTSTransfected mice expressed physiological plasma levels of human scFv and developed sustained ADAMTS13 inhibition and accumulation of unprocessed UL‐VWF multimers. Induced focal endothelial injury generated PLT thrombi extending well beyond the site of initial injury, and systemic endothelial injury induced thrombocytopenia, schistocyte formation, PLT thrombi, and death.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate for the first time the ability of human recombinant monovalent anti‐ADAMTS13 antibody fragments to recapitulate key pathologic features of untreated acquired TTP in vivo, validating their clinical significance and providing an animal model for testing novel targeted therapeutic approaches.
Methods for external disinfection of blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) eggs prior to use in wound debridement therapy
Authors: Brundage Adrienne L. , Crippen Tawni L. , Tomberlin Jeffery K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMaggot debridement therapy (MDT) is the use of the larval stage of flies (i.e., Calliphoridae) to remove necrotic tissue and disinfect wounds. Effective MDT requires aseptic technique to prevent the unintentional introduction of pathogenic bacteria into a wound to be debrided; yet the external surface of Calliphoridae eggs is often heavily contaminated with bacteria. Studies of external disinfection of dipteran eggs have been reported, but neither their efficacy nor effect on egg viability has been adequately assessed. The present study evaluated the efficacy of ten disinfection techniques involving immersion, rinse, or a combination of both in formalin, Lysol, formaldehyde, bleach, ethanol, Sporgon, or benzalkonium chloride. All techniques resulted in significant decreases in culturable, aerobic bacterial load on Lucilia cuprina eggs. For L. cuprina, a 10 minute 3% Lysol immersion was the most efficacious, disinfecting 96.67% of egg samples, while resulting in 31.84% egg mortality. The 5% formalin immersion was least efficacious, disinfecting only 3.33% of L. cuprina egg samples, while resulting in 33.51% egg mortality. A formaldehyde immersion, one of the most commonly used disinfection techniques, was moderately effective, disinfecting 66.7% of egg samples, while resulting in 40.16% egg mortality. For Chrysomya rufifacies and Cochliomyia macellaria egg samples, the 10 minute 3% Lysol immersion disinfected 100% of the samples, and for Lucilia sericata, 80% of egg samples, while resulting in 33.97%, 7.34%, and 36.96% egg mortality, respectively. H2CO disinfected 16.67% of Ch. rufifacies, 26.67% of C. macellaria, and 56.67% of L. sericata egg samples, while resulting in 21.98%, 10.18%, and 32.19% egg mortality, respectively. Due to its high disinfection efficacy and relatively low egg mortality, a 10 minutes 3% Lysol immersion is recommended for sterilizing Calliphoridae eggs prior to rearing of larvae for use in MDT.
The design and evaluation of a system for improved surveillance and prevention programmes in resource-limited settings using a hospital-based burn injury questionnaire
Authors: Peck Michael , Falk Henry , Meddings David , Sugerman David , Mehta Sumi , Sage Michael 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundLimited and fragmented data collection systems exist for burn injury. A global registry may lead to better injury estimates and identify risk factors. A collaborative effort involving the WHO, the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, the CDC and the International Society for Burn Injuries was undertaken to simplify and standardise inpatient burn data collection. An expert panel of epidemiologists and burn care practitioners advised on the development of a new Global Burn Registry (GBR) form and online data entry system that can be expected to be used in resource-abundant or resource-limited settings.MethodsInternational burn organisations, the CDC and the WHO solicited burn centre participation to pilot test the GBR system. The WHO and the CDC led a webinar tutorial for system implementation.ResultsDuring an 8-month period, 52 hospitals in 30 countries enrolled in the pilot and were provided the GBR instrument, guidance and a data visualisation tool. Evaluations were received from 29 hospitals (56%).Key findingsMedian time to upload completed forms was <10 min; physicians most commonly entered data (64%), followed by nurses (25%); layout, clarity, accuracy and relevance were all rated high; and a vast majority (85%) considered the GBR ‘highly valuable’ for prioritising, developing and monitoring burn prevention programmes.ConclusionsThe GBR was shown to be simple, flexible and acceptable to users. Enhanced regional and global understanding of burn epidemiology may help prioritise the selection, development and testing of primary prevention interventions for burns in resource-limited settings.
A Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Eagle Foraging Behavior
Authors: Chiu Jinn-Tong , Lin Ching-Hai 
Published: April 2016

Inspired by the eagle’s four distinctive foraging behaviors, namely searching, exploring, striking, and killing, we present a new variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which is called the Eagle-Foraging Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (EFPSO). The EFPSO hybridizes the PSO algorithm, a space identification scheme, and a local search technique. We chose nine benchmark problems, each with different functional characteristics, to validate the EFPSO performance. First, we solve these problems with 10 and 30 dimensions. The results show that the EFPSO can find the solution that is closest to each problem’s exact solution. Second, we perform EFPSO for several highly challenging functions with dimensions up to 500. Finally, we use the EFPSO to design a cantilevered beam with 10 variables to minimize the volume of material required to construct the beam.