bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin as a Biochemical Marker and Severity Indicator for Idiopathic Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: El Deeb Sameh , Abdelnaby Ramy , Khachab Ali , Bläsius Klaus , Tingart Markus , Rath Björn 
Published: May 2016

Introduction A diagnostic evaluation of the severity and progression of hip osteoarthritis (OA) using biochemical markers is lacking in the current medical literature. Osteopontin (OPN) has been proved to correlate with the progression and severity of knee OA. Therefore, the examination of plasma OPN levels in patients with idiopathic hip OA and its correlation with disease severity and progression was necessary. Methods Our study included 21 patients displaying symptomatic severe idiopathic hip OA; the diagnosis of the disease was based on the checklist of the American College of Rheumatology and the severity was evaluated according to the K-L grading (Kellgran and Lawrence score). Results 14 patients showed radiological changes according K-L grade 3 (66.66%), and 7 patients showed radiological changes according K-L grade 4 (33.33%). We observed a highly statistically significant increase of plasma OPN levels in comparison with normal referenced values, the cut off value for differentiating between normal people and patients with hip OA was 193.6 ng/ml. Furthermore, the mean of plasma OPN levels in idiopathic hip osteoarthritis patients with K-L grade 4 (362.51 ± 83.31 ng/mL) was greater than those with K-L grade 3 (283.41 ± 56.31 ng/mL), the difference being statistically significant. Conclusions plasma OPN levels are increased in idiopathic hip OA and are correlated with the severity of the disease.
Effects of Postpolymerization Microwave Irradiation on Provisional Dental Acrylics: Physical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ozkomur Ahmet , Fortes Carmen Beatriz Borges 
Published: May 2016

Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of microwave irradiation on the physical and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) provisional resins. Methods Twenty bars and 20 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated for each selected provisional restorative material (Dencor and Duralay). Test groups were subjected to microwave irradiation (3 minutes at 600 W) after polymerization. Bar specimens were subjected to a flexural strength test. Disc-shaped specimens were used to evaluate microhardness. Backscattered Raman spectroscopy was employed for each group to define the degree of conversion of the monomer/polymer. The frequency bands corresponding to C = C and C = O groups were used to determine the conversion of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers into polymers. Glass transition temperature was determined using a differential scanning calorimeter. Results Microwave irradiation of both tested autopolymerizing PMMA provisional materials resulted in a statistically significant increase in microhardness, degree of conversion and glass transition temperature values. Also, the results demonstrated a significant increase in flexural strength after postpolymerization microwave irradiation for the Dencor specimens. Conclusions It is concluded that mechanical and physical properties are positively influenced by microwave irradiation.
Dialysis Catheter Placement via the Left Internal Jugular Vein: Risk of Brachiocephalic Vein Perforation
Authors: Winkes Michiel B. , Loos Maarten J. , Scheltinga Marc R. , Teijink Joep A. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose We discuss a case of a brachiocephalic vein (BCV) perforation after Tesio® central venous catheter insertion. Method and Results An 80-year-old patient underwent an ultrasound-guided hemodialysis (HD) catheter placement via his left internal jugular vein (IJV). One day postoperatively, the patient became hemodynamically unstable immediately after HD initiation. As a vascular event was feared, an emergency CT scan was performed demonstrating a BCV perforation. The patient underwent a sternotomy, the lines were removed and the venous laceration was closed. The patient recovered well. Conclusions In spite of ultrasound guidance, fluoroscopy for guidewire and sheath advancement, venous blood aspiration and a normal appearing postoperative x-ray, traumatic central venous catheter placement is still possible. Tenting of the BCV wall during catheter advancement possibly caused the venous perforation. A ‘how-to’ for correct catheter placement via the IJV is provided and potential pitfalls during each procedural step are discussed.
De parlementarisatie van Europees economisch beleid
Authors: Schout Adriaan , Wiersma Jan Marinus , Gomes Neto Mariana , Bokhorst David 
Published: May 2016

The parliamentarisation of European economic policy
Since the euro crisis the EU has seen a deepening of integration with a new framework for economic and budgetary coordination. With the new framework reforms in pension or housing market are coordinated at the European level. This comprehensive set of rules and monitoring mechanisms has revived the debate on Europe’s democratic deficit. This article describes how the European Parliament (EP) tries to fill the democratic void in economic governance. The EP’s formal role is limited, but by using mostly informal mechanisms the EP is setting in motion an incremental process towards further control. This development should be seen in light of a political battle on the interpretation of the new rules, which has accordingly become increasingly politicized. The Dutch have always wanted a European economic policy on the basis of technocracy and rules, but at the same time Europe’s political union draws ever closer.
Bouwen aan de ideale bestuurskunde
Authors: Karré Philip Marcel 
Published: May 2016

Developing our discipline: Reflection of ten young professors
For this article, part of a series on the future of the discipline in the Netherlands, the author has talked to ten newly appointed professors in the field of public administration. We discussed their background, how they see their role and position within university and society and how they view recent developments in our field of study and our discipline. The young professors share their view on how our discipline could and should develop and what their role will be in this process.
Publiek-private samenwerking in Nederland en Vlaanderen: een review van veertien proefschriften
Authors: Hueskes Marlies , Koppenjan Joop , Verweij Stefan 
Published: May 2016

Public-private partnerships in the Netherlands and Flanders: a review of fourteen doctoral theses
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have attracted considerable attention in the Netherlands and Flanders, as witnessed by the recent wave of doctoral theses on this topic. This article presents a review of fourteen Dutch and Flemish doctoral theses, published in the period 2012-2015. The main purpose of the review was to examine what the theses’ most important findings and conclusions are. We found that they mainly focus on themes related to effectiveness, transaction costs, and legitimacy. However, although PPPs are often part of a debate between opponents and proponents, none of the studies found convincing arguments for or against the use of PPPs. Instead, most studies stressed the importance of contextual factors for the success of PPPs. The doctoral theses provided various valuable recommendations for practitioners regarding, e.g., the optimization of PPP procurement and the importance of soft management aspects such as collaborative working and process management. We observed that most theses studied PPPs by applying traditional theories and methods and that the majority focused on the early project phases of planning, procurement, and contracting. More research is needed into the later project phases. Finally, since the generalizability of the theses is limited, more programmatic, quantitative, and (international) comparative research is required.
Het rechtspersoonlijk belang van het voorontwerp Wet bestuur en toezicht rechtspersonen: schijnuniformering of ware eendracht?
Authors: Vastmans R.H.H. 
Published: May 2016

Het rechtspersoonlijk belang van het voorontwerp Wet bestuur en toezicht rechtspersonen: schijnuniformering of ware eendracht?
Het voorontwerp Wet bestuur en toezicht rechtspersonen introduceert het geüniformeerde begrip rechtspersoonlijk belang als gedragsnorm voor bestuurders en toezichthouders. Door duiding van en vergelijking met het huidige vennootschapsbelang komt de auteur tot de conclusie dat de in de consultatieronde geuite kritiek grotendeels onjuist c.q. onterecht is.
Regulering van crowdfundingplatforms: een goede stap in de verkeerde richting
Authors: Tangelder J.R.C. 
Published: May 2016

Regulering van crowdfundingplatforms: een goede stap in de verkeerde richting. Het huidige systeem van regulering, het Wijzigingsbesluit financiële markten 2016 en de wenselijkheid van een (meer) toegesneden regelgevend kader
In deze bijdrage staat de regulering van crowdfunding centraal. Al geruime tijd worstelen wetgever, toezichthouder en marktpartijen met niet voor crowdfunding geschreven wet- en regelgeving. Besproken worden knelpunten in de huidige systematiek en een alternatieve wijze van regulering van de crowdfundingpraktijk.
Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology
Authors: Arp Robert , Smith Barry , Spear Andrew D. 
Published: May 2016

An introduction to the field of applied ontology with examples derived particularly from biomedicine, covering theoretical components, design practices, and practical applications.
In the era of “big data,” science is increasingly information driven, and the potential for computers to store, manage, and integrate massive amounts of data has given rise to such new disciplinary fields as biomedical informatics. Applied ontology offers a strategy for the organization of scientific information in computer-tractable form, drawing on concepts not only from computer and information science but also from linguistics, logic, and philosophy. This book provides an introduction to the field of applied ontology that is of particular relevance to biomedicine, covering theoretical components of ontologies, best practices for ontology design, and examples of biomedical ontologies in use.
After defining an ontology as a representation of the types of entities in a given domain, the book distinguishes between different kinds of ontologies and taxonomies, and shows how applied ontology draws on more traditional ideas from metaphysics. It presents the core features of the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), now used by over one hundred ontology projects around the world, and offers examples of domain ontologies that utilize BFO. The book also describes Web Ontology Language (OWL), a common framework for Semantic Web technologies. Throughout, the book provides concrete recommendations for the design and construction of domain ontologies.
Electron microscopy analysis of microstructure of postannealed aluminum nitride template
Authors: Kaur Jesbains , Kuwano Noriyuki , Jamaludin Khairur Rijal , Mitsuhara Masatoshi , Saito Hikaru , Hata Satoshi , Suzuki Shuhei , Miyake Hideto , Hiramatsu Kazumasa , Fukuyama Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The microstructure of an AlN template after high-temperature annealing was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AlN template was prepared by depositing an AlN layer of about 200 nm thickness on a sapphire (0001) substrate by metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy. The AlN template was annealed under (N2 + CO) atmosphere at 1500–1650 °C. TEM characterization was conducted to investigate the microstructural evolution, revealing that the postannealed AlN has a two-layer structure, the upper and lower layers of which exhibit Al and N polarities, respectively. It has been confirmed that postannealing is an effective treatment for controlling the microstructure.
Local optical absorption spectra of h-BN–MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure revealed by scanning near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Nozaki Junji , Kobayashi Yu , Miyata Yasumitsu , Maniwa Yutaka , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yanagi Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, in which different two-dimensional layered materials are stacked, can exhibit unprecedented optical properties. Development of a technique to clarify local optical properties of vdW heterostructures is of great importance for the correct understanding of their backgrounds. Here, we examined local optical absorption spectra of h-BN–MoS2 vdW heterostructures by scanning near-field microscopy measurements with a spatial resolution of 100 nm. In an as-grown sample, there was almost no site dependence of their optical absorption spectra. However, in a degraded sample where defects and deformations were artificially induced, a significant site-dependence of optical absorption spectra was observed.
Blue emitting materials containing dibenzo[b,d]furan and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Hyun Woo , Jeong Sujin , Lee Song Eun , Kim Young Kwan , Yoon Seung Soo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized three blue emitting materials containing dibenzo[b,d]furan and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene. To investigate the electroluminescence (EL) properties, we fabricated devices with following sequences: indium–tin-oxide (180 nm)/N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-(1-napthyl)-(1,1′-phenyl)-4,4′-diamine (50 nm)/blue emitters (30 nm)/bathophenanthroline (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). A device using 1,4-bis(dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-yl)naphthalene showed the deep-blue emission with 1.34% of external quantum efficiency at 30 mA/cm2. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates

of this device was

at 6.0 V.
Polymer-based candle-shaped microneedle electrodes for electroencephalography on hairy skin
Authors: Arai Miyako , Kudo Yuta , Miki Norihisa 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we report on the optimization of the shape of dry microneedle electrodes for electroencephalography (EEG) on hairy locations and compare the electrodes we developed with conventional wet electrodes. We propose the use of SU-8-based candle-shaped microneedle electrodes (CMEs), which have pillars of 1.0 mm height and 0.4 mm diameter with a gap of 0.43 mm between pillars. Microneedles are formed on the top of the pillars. The shape was determined by how well the pillars can avoid hairs and support the microneedles to penetrate through the stratum corneum. The skin–electrode contact impedances of the fabricated CMEs were found to be higher and less stable than those of conventional wet electrodes. However, the CMEs successfully acquired signals with qualities as good as those of conventional wet electrodes. Given the usability of the CMEs, which do not require skin preparation or gel, they are promising alternatives to conventional wet electrodes.
Improving the Prediction of Neonatal Outcomes in Isolated Left‐Sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia by Direct and Indirect Sonographic Assessment of Liver Herniation
Authors: Sananes Nicolas , Britto Ingrid , Akinkuotu Adesola C. , Olutoye Oluyinka O. , Cass Darrell L. , Sangi-Haghpeykar Haleh , Lee Timothy C. , Cassady Christopher I. , Mehollin-Ray Amy , Welty Stephen , Fernandes Caraciolo , Belfort Michael A. , Lee Wesley , Ruano Rodrigo 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesLiver herniation can be assessed sonographically by either a direct (liver‐to‐thoracic area ratio) or an indirect (stomach position) method. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of those methods to assess liver herniation for the prediction of neonatal outcomes in patients with isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with CDH who had prenatal assessment and were delivered at Texas Children's Hospital between January 2004 and April 2014. The predictive value of sonographic parameters for mortality and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was evaluated by univariate, multivariate, and factor analysis and by receiver operating characteristics curves.ResultsA total of 77 fetuses with isolated left‐sided CDH were analyzed. The lung‐to‐head ratio, liver‐to‐thorax ratio, and stomach position (according to the classifications of Kitano et al [Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; 37:277–282] and Cordier et al [J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 28:190–195]) were significantly associated with both neonatal outcomes (P < .03). Significant correlations were observed between all of these sonographic parameters. A combination of the liver‐to‐thorax ratio and stomach position (Kitano) or stomach position (Cordier) with the lung‐to‐head ratio increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the lung‐to‐head ratio for mortality prediction (0.86 [95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.98], 0.83 [0.72–0.95], and 0.83 [0.74–0.92], respectively).ConclusionsSonographic measurements of liver herniation (liver‐to‐thorax ratio and stomach position) are predictive of neonatal outcomes in isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Our study shows that the combination of those sonographic measurements of liver herniation and lung size improves the accuracy of predicting mortality in those fetuses.
Diagnostic Performance of Shear Wave Elastography for Predicting Esophageal Varices in Patients With Compensated Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Kim Tae Yoon , Kim Tae Yeob , Kim Yongsoo , Lim Sanghyeok , Jeong Woo Kyoung , Sohn Joo Hyun 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) for predicting the presence of esophageal varices and high‐risk esophageal varices in patients with compensated cirrhosis and to compare it with other nonspecific predictors and according to the presence of splenomegaly.MethodsClinical data from 103 patients with compensated cirrhosis who underwent sonography, SWE, and endoscopy were collected consecutively. Liver stiffness was measured by SWE. Comparisons of the accuracy of prediction between groups were made by areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs), and regression analyses were performed for the multiple variables related to the presence of esophageal varices and high‐risk varices.ResultsThe optimal cutoff values for predicting the presence of esophageal varices and high‐risk varices were 13.9 and 16.1 kPa, respectively. The AUROC of liver stiffness for prediction of esophageal varices was significantly higher than the AUROCs of platelet count, spleen diameter, and platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (P = .025; P = .001; P = .027). For predicting esophageal varices in patients without splenomegaly, the AUROC of liver stiffness was higher than that of the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, liver stiffness and the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio were independent predictors of esophageal varices (P < .001; P = .038). For the presence of high‐risk varices, only liver stiffness was a statistically significant independent predictor (P = .012).ConclusionsIn patients with compensated cirrhosis, liver stiffness measured by SWE is a new effective noninvasive diagnostic tool for predicting the presence of esophageal varices. It is more accurate than the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio, especially in patients without splenomegaly. In addition, the SWE value was the only effective independent factor for predicting high‐risk esophageal varices.
Sonographic Appearance of the Gallbladder in the Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Population
Authors: Sarma Asha , Benson Carol B. , Ho Vincent T. , Frates Mary C. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether gallbladder sonographic findings in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant patients can distinguish among hepatobiliary complications of HSC transplants (graft‐versus‐host disease [GVHD] and veno‐occlusive disease) and biliary events (cholecystitis, cholangitis, and choledocholithiasis).MethodsAll HSC transplant patients who underwent gallbladder sonography from 2009 through 2012 were identified. Complications and sonographic findings were recorded.ResultsOf 124 patients, 66 (53.2%) had an event: 33 (50.0%) had GVHD; 22 (33.3%) had veno‐occlusive disease; 6 (9.0%) had a biliary event; 4 (6.0%) had veno‐occlusive disease and GVHD; and 1 (1.5%) had veno‐occlusive disease and a biliary event. Of all patients, 115 (92.7%) had 1 or more sonographic findings in the gallbladder, with sludge being most common in all groups. In patients with veno‐occlusive disease, the second and third most common findings were pericholecystic fluid and wall thickening. In patients with GVHD, distension was the second most common. Patients with biliary events all had distension, and half had pericholecystic fluid. Patients with veno‐occlusive disease were significantly more likely to have wall thickening than those with GVHD or no event (77.2% versus 36.3%; P= .005; and 77.2% versus 37.9%; P= .002) and more likely to have pericholecystic fluid than patients with GVHD (95.5% versus 45.5%; P = .0001), a biliary event (95.5% versus 50%; P = .02), or no event (95.5% versus 29.3%; P = .0001). The positive predictive value of any finding was low for all groups because findings were common in patients with no event.ConclusionsSonographic abnormalities of the gallbladder after HSC transplants are common in patients with and without HSC transplant complications and in those with biliary events. No sonographic finding is useful to distinguish among complications in HSC transplant patients.
Satellite estimate of freshwater exchange between the Indonesian Seas and the Indian Ocean via the Sunda Strait
Authors: Potemra James T. , Hacker Peter W. , Melnichenko Oleg , Maximenko Nikolai 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe straits in Indonesia allow for low‐latitude exchange of water between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Collectively known as the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), this exchange is thought to occur primarily via the Makassar Strait and downstream via Lombok Strait, Ombai Strait, and Timor Passage. The Sunda Strait, between the islands of Sumatra and Java, is a very narrow (
) and shallow (
) gap, but it connects the Java Sea directly to the Indian Ocean. Flow through this strait is presumed to be small, given the size of the passage; however, recent observations from the Aquarius satellite indicate periods of significant freshwater transport, suggesting the Sunda Strait may play a more important role in Pacific to Indian Ocean exchange. The nature of this exchange is short‐duration (several days) bursts of freshwater injected into the eastern Indian Ocean superimposed on a mean seasonal cycle. The mean volume transport is small averaging about 0.1 Sv toward the Indian Ocean, but the freshwater transport is nonnegligible (estimated at 5.8 mSv). Transport through the strait is hydraulically controlled and directly correlates to the along‐strait pressure difference. The episodic low‐salinity plumes observed by Aquarius do not, however, appear to be forced by this same mechanism but are instead controlled by convergence of flow at the exit of the Strait in the Indian Ocean. Numerical model results show the fate of this freshwater plume varies with season and is either advected to the northwest along the coast of Sumatra or southerly into the ITF pathway.