bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil: a review
Authors: Dhakad Ashok K , Pandey Vijay V , Beg Sobia , Rawat Janhvi M , Singh Avtar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe genus Eucalyptus L'Heritier comprises about 900 species, of which more than 300 species contain volatile essential oil in their leaves. About 20 species, within these, have a high content of 1,8‐cineole (more than 70%), commercially used for the production of essential oils in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, Eucalyptus is extensively planted for pulp, plywood and solid wood production, but its leaf aromatic oil has astounding widespread biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiseptic, antioxidant, chemotherapeutic, respiratory and gastrointestinal disorder treatment, wound healing, and insecticidal/insect repellent, herbicidal, acaricidal, nematicidal, and perfumes, soap making and grease remover. In the present review, we have made an attempt to congregate the biological ingredients of leaf essential oil, leaf oil as a natural medicine, and pharmacological and toxicological values of the leaf oil of different Eucalyptus species worldwide. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Serial Sonographic Assessment of Pulmonary Edema in Patients With Hypertensive Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Martindale Jennifer L. , Secko Michael , Kilpatrick John F. , deSouza Ian S. , Paladino Lorenzo , Aherne Andrew , Mehta Ninfa , Conigiliaro Alyssa , Sinert Richard 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesObjective measures of clinical improvement in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether repeated lung sonography could semiquantitatively capture changes in pulmonary edema (B‐lines) in patients with hypertensive AHF early in the course of treatment.MethodsWe conducted a feasibility study in a cohort of adults with acute onset of dyspnea, severe hypertension in the field or at triage (systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mm Hg), and a presumptive diagnosis of AHF. Patients underwent repeated dyspnea and lung sonographic assessments using a 10‐cm visual analog scale (VAS) and an 8‐zone scanning protocol. Lung sonographic assessments were performed at the time of triage, initial VAS improvement, and disposition from the emergency department. Sonographic pulmonary edema was independently scored offline in a randomized and blinded fashion by using a scoring method that accounted for both the sum of discrete B‐lines and degree of B‐line fusion.ResultsSonographic pulmonary edema scores decreased significantly from initial to final sonographic assessments (P < .001). The median percentage decrease among the 20 included patient encounters was 81% (interquartile range, 55%–91%). Although sonographic pulmonary edema scores correlated with VAS scores (ρ = 0.64; P < .001), the magnitude of the change in these scores did not correlate with each other (ρ = –0.04; P = .89).ConclusionsChanges in sonographic pulmonary edema can be semiquantitatively measured by serial 8‐zone lung sonography using a scoring method that accounts for B‐line fusion. Sonographic pulmonary edema improves in patients with hypertensive AHF during the initial hours of treatment.
CO2 released by carbonate sediment production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “Blue Carbon” storage
Authors: Howard Jason L. , Creed Joel C. , Aguiar Mariana V. P. , Fourqurean James W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSeagrass ecosystems have been identified as long‐term carbon sinks whose conservation could serve as a tool to mitigate carbon emissions. Seagrasses alter landscapes in a way that stimulates carbon biosequestration, but discussions of their role in atmospheric CO2 mitigation disregard the co‐occurring inorganic carbon cycle, whose antagonist effect on CO2 sequestration can buffer and potentially outweigh the effects of Corg production on net carbon exchange with the atmosphere. This study examines the extent of both organic carbon (Corg) and inorganic carbon (Cinorg) stocks as proxies for long‐term production and calcification in the poorly studied seagrass meadows of southeastern (SE) Brazil and compares values to Florida Bay (U.S.A.), a well‐studied system known for both high autotrophy and calcification, representing extremes of CaCO3 soil content. Seagrass soils in SE Brazil contain an average of 67.6 ± 14.7 Mg Corg ha−1 in the top 1 m, compared to an average of 175.0 ± 20.4 Mg Corg ha−1 for their counterparts in Florida Bay. Cinorg as CaCO3 in SE Brazil averaged 141.5 ± 60.0 Mg Cinorg ha−1 in the top meter of soil while the warmer, calcification‐promoting waters of Florida Bay had higher soil Cinorg areal stock, averaging 754.6 ± 26.7 Mg Cinorg ha−1. When the CO2 evasion related to CaCO3 production is considered, seagrass ecosystems with high CaCO3 content may have CO2 sequestered via Corg accumulation negated by CO2 produced by calcification. These findings prompt the reconsideration of carbon inventory methods and encourage regionally‐ and community‐specific assessments of CO2 sequestration abilities of seagrass ecosystems.
Carbon budget of a shallow, lagoonal estuary: Transformations and source‐sink dynamics along the river‐estuary‐ocean continuum
Authors: Crosswell Joseph R. , Anderson Iris C. , Stanhope Jennifer W. , Van Dam Bryce , Brush Mark J. , Ensign Scott , Piehler Michael F. , McKee Brent , Bost Molly , Paerl Hans W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA comprehensive carbon budget was constructed to quantify carbon flows through the freshwater‐marine continuum of a temperate, microtidal estuary. We performed coordinated measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon and total organic carbon fluxes to resolve spatial variability between and along the channel and shoals and diel variability across the entire estuary for 2 yr. Net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) was the most significant control on carbon flow within estuary regions. However, metabolic rates were spatially coupled such that counteracting fluxes across the channel‐shoal gradient or along the river‐ocean gradient resulted in system‐wide NEM that was closely in balance (–3.0 ± 3.3 to 1.1 ± 4.4 molC m−2 yr−1). Similarly, large diel and seasonal variability in air–water CO2 fluxes were observed during 72 spatial surveys, but these short‐term variations generally cancelled out when aggregated to annual budget terms. Although atmospheric exchanges were small (–0.2 ± 0.1 to 2.0 ± 0.4 molC m−2 yr−1), they were subject to large errors (± 4 molC m−2 yr−1) if diel variability was neglected. Internal mechanisms that maintained balanced carbon flows were strongly impacted by river discharge and were only apparent by separately quantifying channel and shoal fluxes. Notably, metabolic responses of the shoal to river forcing outweighed the responses of the channel, and the net impact was contrary to prior relationships derived from synthesis of lower‐resolution carbon budgets. Our budget demonstrates that resolution of carbon fluxes at appropriate scales, including channel‐shoal and diel variability, is critical to characterizing ecosystem function and the fate of carbon within the river‐ocean continuum.
Using stable isotopes and gas concentrations for independent constraints on microbial methane oxidation at Arctic Ocean temperatures
Authors: Uhlig Christiane , Loose Brice 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicrobial oxidation of methane in oxic water bodies is an important control on the amount of dissolved methane which is released from the ocean to the atmosphere. We explored the use of stable isotope methane spikes to quantify methane oxidation rates in Arctic seawater samples. A Picarro G2201‐i cavity ring‐down spectrometer was used to determine methane concentration and isotope ratios from headspace samples in foil incubators. The methane mass balance and the change in stable isotope ratios served as independent constraints on methane oxidation. For a fractionation factor of 1.025 oxidation rate constants determined with both methods agreed within 20% for small changes in isotope ratio (e.g., 10‰). For large changes in isotope ratio (e.g., 90‰), which was outside the calibration range, methods diverged. Rate constants down to 0.01 d−1 could be resolved with high statistical support. Stable isotope infrared spectroscopy to determine methane oxidation in foil incubators (ISMOFI) was successfully tested on under ice seawater from Utqiagvik, Alaska, by repeated sampling from each incubation vessel. Depending on the amount of isotope spike added, we determined oxidation rates of 0.15 ± 0.02 nmol L−1 d−1 at in situ methane concentration and a maximal oxidation potential of 271 ± 41 nmol L−1 d−1. The ISMOFI method permits variable incubation durations from days to months in a single incubator. The method is transportable and applicable in a variety of field or seagoing laboratory environments, and it avoids the use of hazardous substances such as radioisotopes and toxic chemicals.
Stimuli‐Responsive Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Photoswitchable Azobenzene Side Groups
Authors: Kanj Anemar Bruno , Müller Kai , Heinke Lars 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanoporous, crystalline hybrid materials, which enable various functionalities by incorporating functional organic molecules. By using organic linker molecules that possess photoswitchable azobenzene side groups, the remote control over certain properties was introduced to MOFs. Different MOF materials in the form of powders and thin films have been used to demonstrate the photoswitching. The applications of these stimuli‐responsive nanoporous solids range from switching the adsorption capacity of various gases over remote‐controlled release of guest molecules to continuously tunable membrane separation of molecular mixtures. A particular focus of this review is the effect of the azobenzene photoswitching on the host‐guest interaction, enabling smart applications of the material. Steric hindrance, which may suppress the photoswitching in some MOF structures, is also discussed.
Ratio‐adjustable power splitters for array‐compressed parallel transmission
Authors: Yan Xinqiang , Cao Zhipeng , Grissom William A. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo implement and validate low‐loss ratio‐adjustable power splitters (RAPS) for array‐compressed parallel transmission (acpTx).MethodsIn acpTx, a small number of transmit channels drive a larger number of transmit coils, which are connected via an array compression network that implements optimized coil‐to‐channel combinations. Previous networks comprised a bank of power splitters, followed by attenuators to implement the amplitudes of the compression weights for each coil, but this resulted in high power dissipation in the network. Recognizing that an acpTx network need only implement relative attenuations between outputs, a RAPS circuit was developed which combines power splitting and relative attenuation, and has low insertion loss. RAPS circuits were experimentally validated and used to build an array compression network for a one‐channel‐to‐four‐coil spiral acpTx excitation experiment.ResultsBench tests showed that the RAPS circuits came within 0.05 dB of the desired output ratios, and power dissipation was approximately 0.5 dB (10%). The spiral excitation experiment showed that the ability to optimally drive four coils with a single channel reduced excitation error by 46% compared to driving one coil, without using attenuators in the array compression network.ConclusionRAPS circuits enable the construction of low‐loss array compression networks for parallel transmission. Magn Reson Med 79:2422–2431, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Altered metabolites of the rat hippocampus after mild and moderate traumatic brain injury – a combined in vivo and in vitro1H–MRS study
Authors: Singh Kavita , Trivedi Richa , Verma Ajay , D'souza Maria M. , Koundal Sunil , Rana Poonam , Baishya Bikash , Khushu Subash 
Published: July 2017

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown to affect hippocampus‐associated learning, memory and higher cognitive functions, which may be a consequence of metabolic alterations. Hippocampus‐associated disorders may vary depending on the severity of injury [mild TBI (miTBI) and moderate TBI (moTBI)] and time since injury. The underlying hippocampal metabolic irregularities may provide an insight into the pathological process following TBI. In this study, in vivo and in vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H–MRS) data were acquired from the hippocampus region of controls and TBI groups (miTBI and moTBI) at D0 (pre‐injury), 4 h, Day 1 and Day 5 post‐injury (PI). In vitro MRS results indicated trauma‐induced changes in both miTBI and moTBI; however, in vivo MRS showed metabolic alterations in moTBI only. miTBI and moTBI showed elevated levels of osmolytes indicating injury‐induced edema. Altered levels of citric acid cycle intermediates, glutamine/glutamate and amino acid metabolism indicated injury‐induced aberrant bioenergetics, excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. An overall similar pattern of pathological process was observed in both miTBI and moTBI, with the distinction of depleted N‐acetylaspartate levels (indicating neuronal loss) at 4 h and Day 1 and enhanced lactate production (indicating heightened energy depletion leading to the commencement of the anaerobic pathway) at Day 5 in moTBI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the hippocampus metabolic profile in miTBI and moTBI simultaneously using in vivo and in vitro MRS.
Student and school SES, gender, strategy use, and achievement
Authors: Callan Gregory L. , Marchant Gregory J. , Finch W. Holmes , Flegge Lindsay 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA multilevel mediated regression model was fit to Programme for International Student Assessment achievement, strategy use, gender, and family‐ and school‐level socioeconomic status (SES). Two metacognitive strategies (i.e., understanding and summarizing) and one learning strategy (i.e., control strategies) were found to relate significantly and positively to achievement. These strategies were used more by females and students attending higher SES schools. In contrast, males and students attending lower SES schools tended to use a greater number of learning strategies that did not relate to achievement, including memorization and elaboration. In addition, the strategies that did not relate to achievement were used more frequently by students from higher SES families. The findings suggest that schools, as opposed to families, may be the primary vehicle for developing effective strategy use practices for students and thus, targeted interventions may be particularly useful for male students attending low SES schools.
Teachers’ recognition of anxiety and somatic symptoms in their pupils
Authors: Neil Louise , Smith Marjorie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnxiety and somatic symptoms in children are common and debilitating, yet frequently go unidentified and untreated. This study investigated whether teachers can recognize children's anxiety and somatic symptoms, and how they identify children they perceive to be anxious or somatizing. A sample of 1,346 7‐ to 11‐year‐old children, their 51 class teachers, and 144 parents took part in the study. Data on children's anxiety and somatic symptoms were collected using standardized scales and simple 1–5 teacher rating scales. Teachers were also asked to identify children they perceived to have “debilitating” levels of anxiety and (separately) somatic symptoms and to provide brief qualitative descriptions to explain their choices. Small but significant positive associations were found between teachers’ and children's reports of anxiety and somatic symptoms. Identified children reported similar levels of anxiety than children not identified, but significantly greater levels of somatic symptoms, although the size of this difference was modest. Teachers commonly described crying and avoidance as signs of anxiety. Findings suggest that teachers show limited sensitivity to the variation in pupils’ levels of anxiety and somatic symptoms, and may struggle to identify children who may benefit from interventions or extra support in these domains.
CoGe LoadExp+: A web‐based suite that integrates next‐generation sequencing data analysis workflows and visualization
Authors: Grover Jeffrey W. , Bomhoff Matthew , Davey Sean , Gregory Brian D. , Mosher Rebecca A. , Lyons Eric 
Published: July 2017

SummaryTo make genomic and epigenomic analyses more widely available to the biological research community, we have created LoadExp+, a suite of bioinformatics workflows integrated with the web‐based comparative genomics platform, CoGe. LoadExp+ allows users to perform transcriptomic (RNA‐seq), epigenomic (bisulfite‐seq), chromatin‐binding (ChIP‐seq), variant identification (SNPs), and population genetics analyses against any genome in CoGe, including genomes integrated by users themselves. Through LoadExp+'s integration with CoGe's existing features, all analyses are available for visualization and additional downstream processing, and are available for export to CyVerse's data management and analysis platforms. LoadExp+ provides easy‐to‐use functionality to manage genomics and epigenomics data throughout its entire lifecycle using a publicly available web‐based platform and facilitates greater accessibility of genomics analyses to researchers of all skill levels. LoadExp+ can be accessed at https://genomevolution.org.
Small but Mighty: Functional Peptides Encoded by Small ORFs in Plants
Authors: Hsu Polly Yingshan , Benfey Philip N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPeptides encoded by small open reading frames (sORFs, usually <100 codons) play critical regulatory roles in plant development and environmental responses. Despite their importance, only a small number of these peptides have been identified and characterized. Genomic studies have revealed that many plant genomes contain thousands of possible sORFs, which could potentially encode small peptides. The challenge is to distinguish translated sORFs from nontranslated ones. Here, we highlight advances in methodologies for identifying these hidden sORFs in plant genomes, including ribosome profiling and proteomics. We also examine the evidence for new peptides arising from sORFs and discuss their functions in plant development, environmental responses, and translational control.
Intrinsic self‐initiating thermal ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐benzoxazines without the influence of impurities using very high purity crystals
Authors: Han Lu , Salum María Laura , Zhang Kan , Froimowicz Pablo , Ishida Hatsuo 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTA phenol/aniline type monofunctional benzoxazine monomer, PH‐a, is synthesized and highly purified to study the intrinsic thermal ring‐opening polymerization of benzoxazines without the influence of any impurity. The successful synthesis of the monomer and its corresponding chemical structure are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Purity of the compound is evaluated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as elemental analysis (EA). Moreover, the thermal behavior of benzoxazine monomer toward polymerization is also studied by DSC, indicating that the highly purified benzoxazine monomer actually polymerize upon heating. The results present evidence of an intrinsic tendency for 1,3‐benzoxazines to undergo thermally induced ring‐opening polymerization upon heating only without any impurity participating during the reaction. This reveals that polybenzoxazines can be obtained by both the traditional thermally accelerated (or activated) polymerization, where impurities or purposefully added initiators are involved in the reaction; or, by the classic thermal polymerization, where only heat is enough to initiate the reaction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3434–3445
Cobalt and Copper Co–Catalyzed Three‐Component Reactions for the Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles
Authors: Wei Daidong , Ma Haojie , Zhou Xiaoqiang , Shi Chong , Luo Xinliang , Huang Guosheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel cobalt and copper co‐catalyzed for exclusive synthesis of 1,3,4‐trisubstituted pyrazoles via a one‐pot reaction of hydrazones with nitromethane and aldehydes has been reported. Proper conditions without additional oxidants, broad substrate scope and easily obtained starting materials make this protocol promising and practical.
Identification of Nitroxoline and Halogenated Quinoline Analogues with Antibacterial Activities against Plant Pathogens
Authors: Yousaf Hussain H. , Garrison Aaron T. , Abouelhassan Yasmeen , Basak Akash , Jones Jeffrey B. , III Robert W. Huigens 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBacterial pathogens that infect and kill plants are responsible for major crop damage (e.g. citrus canker). As is the case with human pathogens, bacterial species which are invasive to plants acquire resistance to common crop‐bactericidal agents. Herein we report the identification of nitroxoline and simple halogenated quinoline (HQ) antibacterial agents that demonstrate antibacterial activities against a panel of plant pathogens, including Xanthomonas citri and Burkholderia andropogonis. A subset of active analogues was identified from an in‐house library of 36 nitrogen‐containing heterocycles which our group previously evaluated against multiple human pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus). In this report, we also demonstrate that the phytochemical gallic acid (GA) potentiates the antibacterial activity of select halogenated quinolines against multiple Xanthomonas strains, including Xcc 306. We also show that nitroxoline and HQ 1 alone and in combination with GA inhibit Xcc 306 infection in a plant model, demonstrating the potential these compounds have as crop‐bactericidal agents.
Online verification in cyber‐physical systems: Practical bounds for meaningful temporal costs
Authors: Bersani Marcello M. , García‐Valls Marisol 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCyber‐physical systems (CPS) are highly dynamic and large scale systems integrated with the physical environment that they monitor and actuate on. CPS have to adapt online to the changing nature of the physical environment; this may require the online modification of their system model, but any change should preserve correct operation. Correctness by construction relies on using formal tools, which suffer from a considerable computational overhead. As the current system model of a CPS may adapt to the environment, the new system model must be verified before its execution to ensure that the properties are preserved. However, CPS development has mainly concentrated on the design‐time aspects, existing only few contributions that address their online adaptation. We research on the pros and cons of formal tools to support dynamic changes at runtime. We formalize the semantics of the adaptation logic of an autonomic manager (OLIVE) that performs online verification for a specific application, a dynamic virtualized server system. We explore the use of formal tools based on CLTLoc to express functional and nonfunctional properties of the system. We provide empirical results showing the temporal costs of our approach.