bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐intensity focused ultrasound and laparoscopic myomectomy in the treatment of uterine fibroids: a comparative study
Authors: Liu Y , Ran W , Shen Y , Feng W , Yi J 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacies of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) in the treatment of uterine fibroids and their effects on patients’ quality of life.DesignA non‐randomised control study.SettingGynaecological department in a university teaching hospital.PopulationPatients with uterine fibroids.MethodsFrom November 2014 to November 2015, 166 patients with uterine fibroids were enrolled and underwent HIFU (n = 99) and LM (n = 67) surgeries, respectively. Clinical efficacy, postoperative complications and quality of life after treatment were evaluated using the SF‐36 Scale to compare the differences in each variable at the 1‐year follow up.Main outcomes measuresDifferences in efficacy, safety and quality of life between the patients treated with HIFU and LM.ResultsThe 12‐month follow‐up results showed that the HIFU group had a total effective rate of 99%; only one patient underwent alternative treatment due to non‐apparent tumour shrinkage. All patients in the LM group showed complete tumour disappearance. Of these patients, 52 showed significant clinical improvement, 15 with partial clinical improvement, a total effective rate of 98%. There was no significant difference in effectivity rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Both treatments effectively improved patients’ quality of life. Compared with the LM group, patients in the HIFU group experienced no blood loss, a shorter hospital stay and fewer adverse effects and complications, the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound can be as efficacious as LM therapy and effectively improve patients’ quality of life in the treatment of uterine fibroids, with fewer adverse effects and complications, shorter hospital stays, and quicker postoperative recovery compared with LM therapy.Tweetable abstractPatients with uterine fibroids can be effectively treated with both HIFU and myomectomy.
The effect of exercise on high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment efficacy in uterine fibroids and adenomyosis: a retrospective study
Authors: Huang X , Yu D , Zou M , Wang L , Xing HR , Wang Z 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveWe conducted a retrospective study to evaluate whether exercise after high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment can improve the absorption of uterine fibroids and the relief of dysmenorrhea caused by adenomyosis.DesignA retrospective study.SettingGynaecological department of a single centre in China.PopulationPatients with uterine fibroids and adenomyosis.MethodFrom January 2011 to August 2015,83 MRI‐confirmed uterine fibroid patients and 102 adenomyosis patients who received HIFU treatment at Chongqing Haifu Hospital and attended the 1‐year and 6‐month follow up, respectively, were included in our retrospective study. Among the fibroid patients, 51 were assigned to the ‘no exercise group’ and 32 to the ‘exercise group’. Among the adenomyosis patients, 45 were assigned to the ‘no exercise group’ and to the 57 ‘exercise group’.Main outcome measuresSymptom improvement, uterine fibroid volume and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) evaluation.ResultsExercise post‐HIFU treatment significantly improved the absorption of uterine fibroids, reduced recurrence rate and increased the rate of pregnancy in uterine fibroid patients. Exercise lead to a more significant reduction in the score of dysmenorrhea.ConclusionExercise post‐HIFU treatment demonstrated an enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of HIFU for both uterine fibroid patients and adenomyosis patients. Therefore, exercise should be recommended to patients as part of the post‐treatment disease management plan.Tweetable abstractA retrospective study evaluated the effect of exercise after high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment on the therapeutic efficacy of HIFU.
Intravenous lobular capillary haemangioma (pyogenic granuloma): A case report and a review of imaging findings as reported in the literature
Authors: Loftus William K , Spurrier Andrew J , Voyvodic Frank , Neuhaus Susan J , James Craig L 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionIntravenous lobular capillary haemangioma (IVLCH) is a rare benign lesion with minimal published reports containing a description of its appearance at medical imaging. We present the ultrasound and MRI images of a histologically proven IVLCH and provide the first review of the imaging findings reported in the literature.MethodsThe imaging findings of a case of IVLCH are presented. A PubMed search of English language articles was performed from 1966 to October 2016, and all relevant papers were reviewed. Imaging findings from those papers are summarised.ResultsKey features on ultrasound are of a well‐defined, usually hypoechoic, mass which is highly vascular. The host vein is usually apparent. MRI imaging usually shows T1 signal isointense to muscle and variable T2 signal, either isointense or of high signal relative to the vein. The lesions enhance with gadolinium.ConclusionIntravenous lobular capillary haemangioma has distinctive ultrasound but less consistent MRI features although radiological diagnosis should usually be possible. Review of reported cases shows that a previously described gender bias is incorrect.
Coherent synthesis of genomic associations with phenotypes and home environments
Authors: Lasky Jesse R. , Forester Brenna R. , Reimherr Matthew 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLocal adaptation is often studied via (i) multiple common garden experiments comparing performance of genotypes in different environments and (ii) sequencing genotypes from multiple locations and characterizing geographic patterns in allele frequency. Both approaches aim to characterize the same pattern (local adaptation), yet the complementary information from each has not yet been coherently integrated. Here, we develop a genome‐wide association model of genotype interactions with continuous environmental gradients (G × E), that is reaction norms. We present an approach to impute relative fitness, allowing us to coherently synthesize evidence from common garden and genome–environment associations. Our approach identifies loci exhibiting environmental clines where alleles are associated with higher fitness in home environments. Simulations show our approach can increase power to detect loci causing local adaptation. In a case study on Arabidopsis thaliana, most identified SNPs exhibited home allele advantage and fitness trade‐offs along climate gradients, suggesting selective gradients can maintain allelic clines. SNPs exhibiting G × E associations with fitness were enriched in genic regions, putative partial selective sweeps and associations with an adaptive phenotype (flowering time plasticity). We discuss extensions for situations where only adaptive phenotypes other than fitness are available. Many types of data may point towards the loci underlying G × E and local adaptation; coherent models of diverse data provide a principled basis for synthesis.
Doppler‐based fetal heart rate analysis markers for the detection of early intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Stroux Lisa , Redman Christopher W. , Georgieva Antoniya , Payne Stephen J. , Clifford Gari D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionOne indicator for fetal risk of mortality is intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Whether markers reflecting the impact of growth restriction on the cardiovascular system, computed from a Doppler‐derived heart rate signal, would be suitable for its detection antenatally was studied.Material and methodsWe used a cardiotocography archive of 1163 IUGR cases and 1163 healthy controls, matched for gestation and gender. We assessed the discriminative power of short‐term variability and long‐term variability of the fetal heart rate, computed over episodes of high and low variation aiming to separate growth‐restricted fetuses from controls. Metrics characterizing the sleep state distribution within a trace were also considered for inclusion into an IUGR detection model.ResultsSignificant differences in the risk markers comparing growth‐restricted with healthy fetuses were found. When used in a logistic regression classifier, their performance for identifying IUGR was considerably superior before 34 weeks of gestation. Long‐term variability in active sleep was superior to short‐term variability [area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of 72% compared with 71%]. Most predictive was the number of minutes in high variation per hour (AUC of 75%). A multivariate IUGR prediction model improved the AUC to 76%.ConclusionWe suggest that heart rate variability markers together with surrogate information on sleep states can contribute to the detection of early‐onset IUGR.
Vitamin D status of gastrostomy‐fed children with special needs: a cross‐sectional pilot study
Authors: Kuter Hayley , Das Geeta , Mughal M. Zulf 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the vitamin D status of gastrostomy‐fed children.MethodsVitamin D status was measured in 32 children aged five to 16 years recruited from special schools in Manchester, UK (53° 48′N). All children were receiving a nutritionally complete, commercially prepared enteral feed via gastrostomy, and had been established on this regimen for over 12 months. Serum concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were measured at the end of winter. Children with serum concentrations of 25OHD >50 nmol/L were considered to be sufficient, and those with concentrations <25 nmol/L were considered to be deficient.ResultsApproximately 83% of subjects had sufficient concentrations of serum 25OHD (>50 nmol/L). One subject was vitamin D deficient (serum 25OHD <25 nmol/L), and four were vitamin D insufficient (serum 25OHD >25 nmol/L ‐ <50 nmol/L). The median vitamin D derived from enteral feeds was 9.45 μg/day; range 3.5–30; 13 children (41%) received less than 10 μg of vitamin D per day from their enteral feed.ConclusionNutritionally complete gastrostomy feeds may be protective against vitamin D deficiency in the majority of children with special needs. We recommend that all children over 1 year of age receive 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D, as recommended by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN).
Patient‐ and Cell Type‐Specific Heterogeneity of Metformin Response
Authors: Asiedu Michael K. , Barron Matthew , Aubry Marie Christine , Wigle Dennis A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMost FDA‐approved drugs are not equally effective in all patients, suggesting that identification of biomarkers to predict responders to a chemoprevention agent will be needed to stratify patients and achieve maximum benefit. The goal of this study was to investigate both patient‐specific and cell context‐specific heterogeneity of metformin response, using fibroblast cell lines and induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into lung epithelial lineages. We performed cell survival analysis, transcriptome and whole exome sequencing analysis on both patient‐derived cell lines and cancer cell lines to assess differential metformin response and identify response genes. We found differences in response to metformin treatment across a variety of cell lines and cellular contexts, suggesting that heterogeneity may be patient‐ and cell type‐specific. Gene expression profiling and analysis of metformin‐sensitive and metformin‐resistant cells identified differentially expressed genes that may be able to stratify patients into metformin responders and non‐responders. Sequencing analysis found genomic alterations that correlated with metformin response. These results suggest that the identification of genomic biomarkers for patients who may respond to metformin treatment can provide an opportunity for individualizing metformin chemoprevention in the clinical setting.
The role of high expectations of self and social desirability in emotional processing in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome: A qualitative study
Authors: Sibelli Alice , Chalder Trudie , Everitt Hazel , Workman Paul , Bishop Felicity L. , Moss‐Morris Rona 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesAlthough high levels of distress are associated with the onset and severity of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is unclear how this relates to emotional processing, particularly in relation to maintenance of symptoms and treatment outcome. This qualitative study embedded within a randomized controlled trial aimed to explore how individuals with refractory IBS experience, express, and manage their emotions after either therapist‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (TCBT) or Web‐based CBT (WBCBT) compared to treatment as usual (TAU).DesignCross‐sectional qualitative study.MethodsFifty‐two semi‐structured interviews were conducted at post‐treatment with 17 TCBT, 17 WBCBT, and 18 TAU participants. The transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis with grounded theory elements. NVivo 11 was used to compare themes across groups.ResultsAcross all groups, high expectations of self was a recurring reason for how participants experienced and expressed their emotions. Three themes with subthemes captured how high expectations related to specific aspects of emotional processing: perceived causes of emotions, strategies for coping with emotions (bottling up, avoiding emotions, and active coping strategies), and the perceived interplay between emotions and IBS symptoms.ConclusionsPatients recognized that their IBS symptoms both triggered and were triggered by negative emotions. However, there was a tendency to bottle up or avoid negative emotions for reasons of social desirability regardless of whether patients had CBT for IBS or not. Future psychological interventions in IBS may benefit from addressing negative beliefs about expressing emotions, promoting assertive emotional expression, and encouraging the experience of positive emotions.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

High levels of distress are consistently associated with both the onset and maintenance of IBS symptoms.

Little is known about how this relates to the concept of emotional processing.

Preliminary findings suggest a positive correlation between poor emotional processing and IBS. However, further studies need to confirm its role in relation to aetiology, maintenance of symptoms, and response to treatment.

What does this study add?

High expectations of self and social desirability seem to be important aspects shaping the way individuals with IBS experience, express, and manage their emotions.

Emotional avoidance and bottling up were reported as key strategies to cope with negative emotions.

The study revealed that bottling up is not perceived as an all‐or‐nothing strategy but can be applied selectively depending on the context.

Psychological interventions in IBS may benefit from addressing not only illness‐related causes of negative emotions but also personal and social triggers of distress.
Using basin thermal history to evaluate the role of Miocene–Pliocene flat‐slab subduction in the southern Central Andes (27° S–30° S)
Authors: Stevens Goddard Andrea L. , Carrapa Barbara 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStudies in both modern and ancient Cordilleran‐type orogenic systems suggest that processes associated with flat‐slab subduction control the geological and thermal history of the upper plate; however, these effects prove difficult to deconvolve from processes associated with normal subduction in an active orogenic system. We present new geochronological and thermochronological data from four depositional areas in the western Sierras Pampeanas above the Central Andean flat‐slab subduction zone between 27° S and 30° S evaluating the spatial and temporal thermal conditions of the Miocene–Pliocene foreland basin. Our results show that a relatively high late Miocene–early Pliocene geothermal gradient of 25–35 °C km−1 was typical of this region. The absence of along‐strike geothermal heterogeneities, as would be expected in the case of migrating flat‐slab subduction, suggests that either the response of the upper plate to refrigeration may be delayed by several millions of years or that subduction occurred normally throughout this region through the late Miocene. Exhumation of the foreland basin occurred nearly synchronously along strike from 27 to 30° S between ca. 7 Ma and 4 Ma. We propose that coincident flat‐slab subduction facilitated this wide‐spread exhumation event. Flexural modelling coupled with geohistory analysis show that dynamic subsidence and/or uplift associated with flat‐slab subduction is not required to explain the unique deep and narrow geometry of the foreland basin in the region implying that dynamic processes were a minor component in the creation of accommodation space during Miocene–Pliocene deposition.
The Development of Lexical–Semantic Networks in Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Wojcik Erica H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResearchers have focused for decades on how young children learn individual words. However, they have paid less attention to how children organize their word knowledge into the network of representations that underlies our ability to retrieve the right words efficiently and flexibly when we need them. Although methodological limits have made it difficult to study the development of lexical–semantic networks, in recent work with new paradigms, infants and toddlers have shown that they organize their vocabulary systematically via both categorical and associative relations from around age 2. Combined with work demonstrating that lexical–semantic relations affect early comprehension, production, and learning, this emerging area of research suggests that scientists and practitioners would benefit from more comprehensive theories of language learning that include not only vocabulary development, but also the development of lexical–semantic networks.
Dynamics of M1 macrophages in oral mucosal lesions during the development of acute graft-versus-host disease in rats
Authors: Seno K , Yasunaga M , Kajiya H , Izaki-Hagio K , Morita H , Yoneda M , Hirofuji T , Ohno J 
Published: September 2017

Summary
The role of macrophage infiltrates in oral mucosal acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD) remains unclear, although clinical studies suggest that macrophage infiltration correlates directly with the severity of AGVHD. In this study, we investigated the role of M1 macrophage infiltration in the oral mucosa of rats with AGVHD. Lewis rat spleen cells were injected into (Lewis × Brown Norway) F1 rats to induce systemic GVHD. Tongue samples were evaluated using histology, immunohistochemistry, dual immunofluorescence, real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Transwell migration assays and Stamper–Woodruff binding assays. At the onset of oral mucosal AGVHD, dual immunofluorescence and migration assays revealed that M1 macrophages had accumulated in the basement membrane (BM) region via the laminin/CD29 β1 integrin pathway. Macrophage-secreted matrix metalloproteinase-2 was related to BM degradation. The adhesion of macrophages to the oral epithelium could be inhibited by pretreating macrophages with a CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antibody and/or pretreating lesion sections with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) antibody. Our data show that the migration and adhesion of M1 macrophages are associated with oral mucosal AGVHD, which is mediated in part by both laminin/CD29 β 1 intern and MCP-1/CCR2 pathways. Therefore, our study provides additional support for the contribution of macrophage infiltrate to the development of oral mucosal AGVHD.
Improved Corners with Multi‐Channel Signed Distance Fields
Authors: Chlumský V. , Sloup J. , Šimeček I. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe propose an extension to the state‐of‐the‐art text rendering technique based on sampling a 2D signed distance field from a texture. This extension significantly improves the visual quality of sharp corners, which is the most problematic feature to reproduce for the original technique. We achieve this by using a combination of multiple distance fields in conjunction, which together provide a more thorough representation of the given glyph's (or any other 2D shape's) geometry. This multi‐channel distance field representation is described along with its application in shader‐based rendering. The rendering process itself remains very simple and efficient, and is fully compatible with previous monochrome distance fields. The introduced method of multi‐channel distance field construction requires a vector representation of the input shape. A comparative measurement of rendering quality shows that the error in the output image can be reduced by up to several orders of magnitude.
Patterns and biases of climate change threats in the IUCN Red List
Authors: Trull Nicholas , Böhm Monika , Carr Jamie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments rely on published data and expert inputs, and biases can be introduced where underlying definitions and concepts are ambiguous. Consideration of climate change threat is no exception, and recently numerous approaches to assessing the threat of climate change to species have been developed. We explored IUCN Red List assessments of amphibians and birds to determine whether species listed as threatened by climate change display distinct patterns in terms of habitat occupied and additional nonclimatic threats faced. We compared IUCN Red List data with a published data set of species’ biological and ecological traits believed to infer high vulnerability to climate change and determined whether distributions of climate change‐threatened species on the IUCN Red List concur with those of climate change‐threatened species identified with the trait‐based approach and whether species possessing these traits are more likely to have climate change listed as a threat on the IUCN Red List. Species in some ecosystems (e.g., grassland, shrubland) and subject to particular threats (e.g., invasive species) were more likely to have climate change as a listed threat. Geographical patterns of climate change‐threatened amphibians and birds on the IUCN Red List were incongruent with patterns of global species richness and patterns identified using trait‐based approaches. Certain traits were linked to increases or decreases in the likelihood of a species being threatened by climate change. Broad temperature tolerance of a species was consistently related to an increased likelihood of climate change threat, indicating counterintuitive relationships in IUCN assessments. To improve the robustness of species assessments of the vulnerability or extinction risk associated with climate change, we suggest IUCN adopt a more cohesive approach whereby specific traits highlighted by our results are considered in Red List assessments. To achieve this and to strengthen the climate change‐vulnerability assessments approach, it is necessary to identify and implement logical avenues for further research into traits that make species vulnerable to climate change (including population‐level threats).