bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fulminant Cryptococcus neoformans infection with fatal pericardial tamponade in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia who was treated with ruxolitinib: Case report and review of fungal pericarditis
Authors: Liu Jing , Mouhayar Elie , Tarrand Jeffrey J. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryCryptococcus neoformans is a saprophytic fungal pathogen that can cause serious illness in immune‐compromised hosts and it presents with a wide variety of clinical symptoms. We present a fatal case of fulminant C. neoformans infection presenting as pericardial tamponade in a 71‐year‐old male with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia undergoing chemotherapy with the JAK‐STAT inhibitor ruxolitinib. We also review the published cases of fungal pericarditis/tamponade. In addition to illustrating an atypical presentation of C. neoformans, this case highlights the risk for opportunistic fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies, especially the ones treated with small molecule kinase inhibitors.
Pediatric renovascular hypertension: Treatment outcome according to underlying disease
Authors: Lee Yeonhee , Lim Young Shin , Lee Sang Taek , Cho Heeyeon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundRenovascular hypertension (RVH) accounts for 5–10% of pediatric hypertension, and can be associated with underlying disease involving other organs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and assess the treatment outcomes of Korean pediatric patients with RVH.MethodsThe medical records of 25 Korean pediatric patients with RVH were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐four patients had underlying disease, and the most common cause was moyamoya disease (MMD; n = 10; 40%). Of 10 patients with MMD, seven had RVH prior to MMD. All patients required antihypertensive medication as the initial treatment and 22 patients subsequently underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The majority of patients with MMD had ostial lesions on angiography. Eight patients had favorable outcomes after the first PTA. One patient received nephrectomy, and two patients received bypass surgery because of restenosis after PTA and technical failure of PTA, respectively. During follow up, blood pressure was well‐controlled in nine patients, but only four patients were able to discontinue medication. Eight patients had target‐organ damage of the brain, heart, and retina at the time of initial diagnosis, and five patients developed chronic kidney disease during follow up.ConclusionThe most common cause of RVH in Korean children is MMD, and RVH caused by MMD with an ostial lesion is associated with poor PTA outcomes. Angioplasty alone does not appear to control blood pressure effectively in MMD patients, and combined treatment is necessary to prevent target organ damage.
Pathogenicity of 21 newly described Phytophthora species against seven Western Australian native plant species
Authors: Belhaj R. , McComb J. , Burgess T. I. , Hardy G. E. St. J. 
Published: December 2017

The pathogenicity of some Phytophthora species recently described from Western Australia, together with P. cinnamomi as a control, was tested against seven Western Australian native plant species in the glasshouse. Host species were Banksia grandis, B. littoralis, B. occidentalis, Casuarina obesa, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus marginata and Lambertia inermis. Twenty‐two Phytophthora species were grown on a vermiculite, millet seed and V8 substrate and used as soil inoculum when the plant hosts were approximately 3 months old. Pathogenicity was assessed after 6 weeks and plants were scored for death, root damage, and percentage reduction of shoot growth compared with control plants. The pathogenicity of P. cinnamomi was confirmed. Phytophthora niederhauserii was shown to be similar to P. cinnamomi in pathogenicity and of concern ecologically. Other species that killed one or more hosts were P. boodjera, P. constricta, P. elongata, P. moyootj and P. rosacearum, while P. condilina, P. gibbosa, P. gregata, P. litoralis and P. ‘personii’ caused significant reduction to shoot and/or root growth, but did not kill plants. Host species susceptible to the highest number of Phytophthora species were B. grandis, B. littoralis, B. occidentalis and E. marginata. No Phytophthora species tested killed C. calophylla.
The Associations of Breast Feeding with Infant Growth and Body Mass Index to 16 years: ‘Children of 1997’
Authors: Cheng Tuck Seng , Kwok Man Ki , Leung Gabriel M. , Schooling C. Mary 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundControversial findings concerning associations of breast feeding with growth have been reported. This study examined whether the associations of breast feeding with early growth trajectories and body mass index to 16 years differed by sex or age.MethodsIn Hong Kong's ‘Children of 1997’ population‐representative birth cohort, contemporaneously reported breast‐feeding status in the first 3 months was classified as exclusive breast feeding (BF) (n = 470), mixed feeding (MF) (n = 2693), and formula feeding (FF) (n = 4204). Adjusted sex‐ and age‐specific associations of breast feeding with infant growth (gains in weight‐for‐age z scores (WAZ), length/height‐for‐age z scores (LAZ), and body‐mass‐index‐for‐age z score (BAZ) based on the World Health Organization standards/references from birth to 36 months) were assessed using linear regression and mixed modelling, respectively. Adjusted sex‐specific associations of breast feeding with average BAZ from 3 months to 16 years were assessed using generalized estimating equation. Potential confounders were maternal and infant characteristics, and household income.ResultsAmong 7367 children, associations of breast feeding with infant growth did not vary by sex, but WAZ gains varied by age. Greater WAZ gains were observed in BF than FF infants from 0 to 3 months but in FF than BF infants from 3 to 9 months. Breast feeding was not associated with overall BAZ from 3 months to 16 years, with no differences by sex.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that breast feeding may only have short‐term effects on growth. Further studies of the role of breast feeding in other metabolic diseases may be needed.
Non‐monophyly of Bostrychia simpliciuscula (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta): Multiple species with very similar morphologies, a revised taxonomy of cryptic species
Authors: Zuccarello Giuseppe C. , West John A. , Kamiya Mitsunobu 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYThe discovery of a plethora of cryptic species in many algal groups has led to speculation as to the causes of this observation and has affected taxonomy, with reluctance to give names to species that look identical. While this is defensible for monophyletic cryptic species complexes, both our understanding of similar morphologies (crypsis) and nomenclature is challenged when we encounter non‐monophyletic ‘cryptic’ species. Bostrychia simpliciuscula is a wide‐ranging species in which multiple cryptic species are known. Our increased sampling shows that this species consists of four lineages that do not form a clade, but lineages are sister to species with different morphologies. Careful morphological examination shows that characters, especially branched monosiphonous laterals and rhizoid morphology in haptera, are able to distinguish these four lineages into two groups, that are still not monophyletic. The similar morphologies in these lineages could be due to convergence, but not developmental constraints or lack of time to diverge morphologically; or possibly maintenance of a generalized body plan. These lineages appear to have specific biogeographic patterns and these will be used to propose a new taxonomy. B. simpliciuscula is now confined to the tropics. Another of these lineages matches a previously described species, B. tenuissima, that was synonymized with B. simpliciuscula and is from cold temperate Australasia, and is resurrected. Another lineage is found in Japan in which a previous name is also available, B. hamana‐tokidae; the last lineage is found in central New South Wales, morphologically it resembles B. tenuissima, with which it overlaps in distribution around Sydney, and is named as a new species, B. kingii sp. nov.
Knowledge‐lies re‐examined
Authors: Krstić Vladimir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSorensen says that my assertion that p is a knowledge‐lie if it is meant to undermine your justification for believing truly that ∼p, not to make you believe that p and that, therefore, knowledge‐lies are not intended to deceive. It has been objected that they are meant to deceive because they are intended to make you more confident in a falsehood. In this paper, I propose a novel account according to which an assertion that p is a knowledge‐lie if it is intended not to provide evidence that p but to make you stop trusting all testimonies concerning whether p (in a room full of obvious liars, you will trust no one), which is how they undermine your testimonial knowledge. Because they are not intended to provide evidence that bears on the truth of p, they are not intended to make you more confident in a falsehood; therefore, knowledge‐lies are not intended to deceive. This makes them a problem for the traditional account, which takes the intention to deceive as necessary for lying, and an interesting example of Kant's idea that allowing lies whenever one feels like it would bring it about that statements in general are not believed.
Detecting Potential Underreporting of Suicide Ideation Among U.S. Military Personnel
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Mohn Richard S. , Dorminey Jack W. , Green Bradley A. 
Published: December 2017

Using a military sample comprised largely of National Guard personnel, zero‐inflation negative binomial regression was applied to estimate the effects of indirect, nonface valid indicators of suicide ideation [Thwarted Belongingness (TB), Perceived Burdensomeness (PB), and Hopelessness], in predicting suicide ideation. Data from a sample of 497 military personnel (82.1% male; mage = 27.24; range = 18–59) were analyzed. TB and the interaction of TB with Hopelessness were significant predictors in the logistic regression, and in the negative binomial regression, the main effects of TB and hopelessness, and the interactions of TB with hopelessness and PB with hopelessness were significant. The findings further indicated that approximately 10% of those not reporting ideation would be predicted to be ideators. Clinically, these results indicate that, in samples reluctant to report ideation, the assessment of suicide risk may improve through the use of relevant measures that do not explicitly reference suicide thoughts.
The impact of strength level on adaptations to combined weightlifting, plyometric, and ballistic training
Authors: James L. P. , Gregory Haff G. , Kelly V. G. , Connick M. J. , Hoffman B. W. , Beckman E. M. 
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the magnitude of adaptation to integrated ballistic training is influenced by initial strength level. Such information is needed to inform resistance training guidelines for both higher‐ and lower‐level athlete populations. To this end, two groups of distinctly different strength levels (stronger: one‐repetition‐maximum (1RM) squat = 2.01 ± 0.15 kg·BM−1; weaker: 1.20 ± 0.20 kg·BM−1) completed 10 weeks of resistance training incorporating weightlifting derivatives, plyometric actions, and ballistic exercises. Testing occurred at pre‐, mid‐, and post‐training. Measures included variables derived from the incremental‐load jump squat and the 1RM squat, alongside muscle activity (electromyography), and jump mechanics (force‐time comparisons throughout the entire movement). The primary outcome variable was peak velocity derived from the unloaded jump squat. It was revealed that the stronger group displayed a greater (P = .05) change in peak velocity at mid‐test (baseline: 2.65 ± 0.10 m/s, mid‐test: 2.80 ± 0.17 m/s) but not post‐test (2.85 ± 0.18 m/s) when compared to the weaker participants (baseline 2.43 ± 0.09, mid‐test. 2.47 ± 0.11, post‐test: 2.61 ± 0.10 m/s). Different changes occurred between groups in the force‐velocity relationship (P = .001‐.04) and jump mechanics (P ≤ .05), while only the stronger group displayed increases in muscle activation (P = .05). In conclusion, the magnitude of improvement in peak velocity was significantly influenced by pre‐existing strength level in the early stage of training. Changes in the mechanisms underpinning performance were less distinct.
Silent KEL alleles identified from Japanese individuals with the Ko phenotype
Authors: Onodera T. , Kawai M. , Obara K. , Enomoto T. , Sasaki K. , Osabe T. , Ogasawara K. , Toyoda C. , Tsuneyama H. , Uchikawa M. , Inaba S. , Satake M. 
Published: December 2017

Background and ObjectiveThe rare Ko phenotype lacks all 36 antigens in the Kell blood system. The molecular basis of the Ko phenotype has been investigated, and more than 40 silent KEL alleles are reported by many investigators. The majority of silent alleles are the KEL*02 background. Here, we report molecular genetic analysis of the KEL gene in Japanese individuals with the Ko phenotype.Materials and MethodsThe Ko phenotype was screened from Japanese blood donors for several years using monoclonal anti‐Ku or anti‐K14 by an automated blood grouping system PK7300. Kell‐related antigens were typed by standard tube tests. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples, and KEL gene was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing.ResultsWe collected 35 Ko blood samples with K−k−, Kp(a−b−), Js(a−b−) and K14−. PCR and sequence analysis revealed that 11 individuals were homozygous for a mutant KEL allele with a c.299G>C (p.Cys100Ser) mutation (rs. 200268316). Three individuals were homozygous for the KEL*02N.24 allele that is c.715G>T (p.Glu239*), and one individual was homozygous for the KEL*02N.40 allele that is c.1474C>T (p.Arg492*). Five individuals were homozygous for novel KEL alleles with single‐nucleotide mutations, four individuals had a c.2175delC (p.Pro725 fs*43), and one individual had a c.328delA (p.Arg110 fs*79). The remaining 15 individuals were compound heterozygous, and eight new alleles were identified from them.ConclusionsWe identified three known and ten new silent KEL alleles from Japanese individuals with the Ko phenotype. The KEL allele with the c.299G>C (p.Cys100Ser) mutation was the most frequent.
A profile of morbidity and mortality rounds within resident training programs of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons
Authors: Kieffer Philip J. , Mueller P. O. Eric 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the structure and role of morbidity and mortality rounds (MMR) in resident training programs of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS).Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis: survey.Sample Population: ACVS surgical resident program directors.MethodsElectronic surveys consisting of 27 questions were sent to the directors of 142 ACVS resident programs.ResultsForty‐five (31.6%) programs completed the survey, including 24 (53.3%) from small animal programs and 21 (46.7%) from large animal programs. Thirty‐two (71.1%) programs incorporated regular MMR in their training. The primary goal of these rounds was improvement of patient care (63%) and education (31%). Selection of cases was based on unexpected mortality (80%), unexpected morbidity (77.4%), teaching value (65.7%), and review of medical errors (63%). Twenty‐six percent of programs reported conducting formal follow‐up for topics discussed during MMR. Ninety‐five percent of programs believed that MMR were valuable.ConclusionMMR are commonly incorporated in surgical resident training programs. The primary objectives of these rounds are to educate residents, refine hospital medical and operational policies, and to improve patient care. The majority of residency programs view MMR as worthwhile. However, the majority of veterinary residency programs fail to follow up MMR with formal initiatives for improvement and objective outcome assessments for issues identified during MMR.
Medial gastrocnemius muscle stiffness cannot explain the increased ankle joint range of motion following passive stretching in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Kalkman Barbara M. , Bar‐On Lynn , Cenni Francesco , Maganaris Constantinos N. , Bass Alfie , Holmes Gill , Desloovere Kaat , Barton Gabor J. , O'Brien Thomas D. 
Published: December 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Can the increased range of motion seen acutely after stretching in children with cerebral palsy be explained by changes in the stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius fascicles?

What is the main finding and its importance?
We show, for the first time, that passive muscle and tendon properties are not changed acutely after a single bout of stretching in children with cerebral palsy and, therefore, do not contribute to the increase in range of motion. This contradicts common belief and what happens in healthy adults.

AbstractStretching is often used to increase or maintain the joint range of motion (ROM) in children with cerebral palsy (CP), but the effectiveness of these interventions is limited. Therefore, our aim was to determine the acute changes in muscle–tendon lengthening properties that contribute to increased ROM after a bout of stretching in children with CP. Eleven children with spastic CP [age 12.1 (3 SD) years, 5/6 hemiplegia/diplegia, 7/4 gross motor function classification system level I/II] participated. Each child received three sets of five × 20 s passive, manual static dorsiflexion stretches separated by 30 s rest, with 60 s rest between sets. Before and immediately after stretching, ultrasound was used to measure medial gastrocnemius fascicle lengthening continuously over the full ROM and an individual common ROM pre‐ to post‐stretching. Simultaneously, three‐dimensional motion of two marker clusters on the shank and the foot was captured to calculate ankle angle, and ankle joint torque was calculated from manually applied torques and forces on a six degrees‐of‐freedom load cell. After stretching, the ROM was increased [by 9.9 (12.0) deg, P = 0.005]. Over a ROM common to both pre‐ and post‐measurements, there were no changes in fascicle lengthening or torque. The maximal ankle joint torque tolerated by the participants increased [by 2.9 (2.4) N m, P = 0.003], and at this highest passive torque the maximal fascicle length was 2.8 (2.4) mm greater (P = 0.009) when compared with before stretching. These results indicate that the stiffness of the muscle fascicles in children with CP remains unaltered by an acute bout of stretching.
Barriers and facilitators of physical activity in knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Kanavaki Archontissa M , Rushton Alison , Efstathiou Nikolaos , Alrushud Asma , Klocke Rainer , Abhishek Abhishek , Duda Joan L 
Published: December 2017

Physical activity (PA), including engagement in structured exercise, has a key role in the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, maintaining a physically active lifestyle is a challenge for people with OA. PA determinants in this population need to be understood better so that they can be optimised by public health or healthcare interventions and social policy changes.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the existing qualitative evidence on barriers and facilitators of PA for patients with hip or knee OA. Secondary objective is to explore differences in barriers and facilitators between (1) lifestyle PA and exercise and (2) PA uptake and maintenance.MethodsMedline, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Grey literature and qualitative journals were searched. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme—Qualitative checklist and Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used for quality appraisal. Thematic synthesis was applied.FindingsTen studies were included, seven focusing on exercise regimes, three on overall PA. The findings showed a good fit with the biopsychosocial model of health. Aiming at symptom relief and mobility, positive exercise experiences and beliefs, knowledge, a ‘keep going’ attitude, adjusting and prioritising PA, having healthcare professionals’ and social support emerged as PA facilitators. Pain and physical limitations; non-positive PA experiences, beliefs and information; OA-related distress; a resigned attitude; lack of motivation, behavioural regulation, professional support and negative social comparison with coexercisers were PA barriers. All themes were supported by high and medium quality studies. Paucity of data did not allow for the secondary objectives to be explored.ConclusionOur findings reveal a complex interplay among physical, personal including psychological and social-environmental factors corresponding to the facilitation and hindrance of PA, particularly exercise, engagement. Further research on the efficacy of individualised patient education, psychological interventions or social policy change to promote exercise engagement and lifestyle PA in individuals with lower limb OA is required.Trial registration numberCRD42016030024.
Is sexual minority status associated with poor sleep quality among adolescents? Analysis of a national cross-sectional survey in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Li Pengsheng , Huang Yeen , Guo Lan , Wang Wanxin , Xi Chuhao , Lei Yiling , Luo Min , Pan Siyuan , Deng Xueqing , Zhang Wei-hong , Lu Ciyong 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesRecent studies have suggested that sexual minorities are more likely to have poor sleep quality. This study aims to explore sleep quality among sexual minority adolescents and examines the association between sexual minority status and sleep quality.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingA total of 506 high schools in seven Chinese provinces.ParticipantsA total of 150 822 students in grades 7–12 completed the questionnaires, and 123 459 students who reported being aware of their sexual orientation were included in analyses.Main outcome measuresThe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sexual attraction and school bullying victimisation.ResultsOf the 123 459 students who were analysed, 5.00% self-reported as sexual minorities. Only 26.67% of sexual minority students slept 8 or more hours/day, which is less than their heterosexual peers (35.70%; χ2=130.04, P<0.001). Of the total sample, 22.41% of the students reported poor sleep quality, and this prevalence was significantly higher in sexual minority students than in heterosexual students (32.56% vs 21.87%; χ2=281.70, P<0.001). After controlling for social demographics, lifestyle and depressive symptoms, sexual minority students had higher odds of poor sleep quality (adjusted OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.51) than their heterosexual peers. The indirect effect of school bullying victimisation (standardised β estimate=0.007, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.009) was significant, indicating that school bullying victimisation partially mediated the association between sexual minority status and sleep quality.ConclusionsOur study suggested that poor sleep quality was common in sexual minority adolescents, and more attention should be paid to sleep problems in this population. Conducting interventions to reduce school bullying behaviours is an important step to improving sleep quality in sexual minority adolescents. Further, studies are warranted that focus on the risk factors and mechanisms of and interventions for sleep problems in sexual minority adolescents.