bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Combined with Topical Administration of Tranexamic Acid in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zeng Yi , Si Hai‐Bo , Shen Bin , Yang Jing , Zhou Zong‐ke , Kang Peng‐de , Pei Fu‐xing 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveAlthough there are still some controversies, large previous studies have confirmed that intravenous (i.v.) tranexamic acid (TXA) can effectively reduce blood loss and transfusions in total hip arthroplasty (THA) without increasing the risk of deep venous thrombosis. However, few studies have investigated the combination of i.v. and topical application of TXA in primary THA. The purpose of our current study is to examine whether i.v. combined with topical administration of TXA decreases postoperative blood loss and transfusion rates after THA.MethodsFrom December 2013 to May 2014, all adult patients undergoing primary THA at our arthroplasty center were considered for inclusion in the present study. Included patients were randomly assigned to two groups by computer‐generated list number: a TXA group and a placebo group. Patients in the TXA group received i.v. (15 mg/kg) combined with topical administration (1.0 g) of TXA during the THA procedure, and patients in the other group received the same dosage of normal saline both i.v. and topically. Our primary outcome measures were total blood loss (calculated using Gross's equation), hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet concentration changes on the third postoperative day, the amount of drainage, the amount of intraoperative blood loss, the frequency of transfusion, and the number of blood units transfused. Secondary outcome measures were the length of postoperative stay, range of hip motion (measured by goniometer), Harris hip scores (HHS), and any perioperative complications or events such as infection, DVT or PE. Range of motion and HHS were measured at 3 week follow‐up and compared with preoperative values.ResultsThis trial included 100 patients (50 in each group). Patients in the TXA group had significantly higher postoperative hemoglobin (103 vs 87.7 g/dL, P < 0.01), lower hemoglobin changes (32.2 vs 44.9 g/dL, P < 0.01), higher postoperative hematocrit (0.32 vs 0.27 L/L, P < 0.01), lower hematocrit changes (0.1 vs 0.14 L/L, P < 0.01), lower total blood loss (822 vs 1100 mL, P = 0.004), lower drainage (117.8 vs 242.4 mL, P < 0.01), lower intraoperative blood loss (193.8 vs 288.2 mL, P < 0.01), and lower transfusion rate (2% vs 34%, P < 0.01) compared with those in the placebo group. No statistical difference was found in postoperative platelets between the two groups. There were no differences in perioperative complications or venous thromboembolism (VTE) events.ConclusionsThe combined administration of i.v. and topical TXA resulted in a clinically relevant reduction in blood loss, compared with placebo group. No thromboembolic complications were observed. This randomized controlled trial supports the combined i.v. and topical administration of TXA in primary THA.
Activism without “Radicalism”: American Activism on Behalf of Conscientious Objectors during World War I
Authors: Tannenbaum Seth S. 
Published: January 2017

This article explores the tactics that civilian activists used to influence U.S. War Department policies and U.S. Army procedures regarding conscientious objectors during World War I. The varying nature of civilian activists' tactics during the war points to a sustained desire to effect change and the important realization that in order to do so, activists had to remain “nonradical” in the government's eyes. Furthermore, activists operated during a time of intense government suppression of dissent, which made their desire to remain “nonradical” both more urgent and more difficult to achieve. This article concludes with analysis of an organization that activists carefully crafted to appear “nonradical” in order to effect radical change.
Quality of life and clinical correlates in older adults living in the community and in nursing homes in Macao
Authors: C. F. Kuok Kenny , Li Lu , Xiang Yu‐Tao , Nogueira Bernice O. C. Lam , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Chiu Helen F. K. , Tran Linda , Meng Li‐Rong 
Published: January 2017

AimThere have been no previous studies of quality of life (QOL) in older adults in Macao. This study aimed to examine QOL in relation to the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adults aged ≥50 years in Macao.MethodsA sample of 451 subjects (203 living in the community, 248 living in nursing homes) was interviewed using standardized instruments. Basic sociodemographic and clinical data including QOL were collected.ResultThere were no significant differences between the community and nursing home groups in any of the QOL domains. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that poor physical QOL was significantly predicted by severe depressive symptoms, insomnia, major medical conditions, unmarried status, and lower education (
F

11,438 = 26.2, P < 0.001), which accounted for 38.2% of the variance. Poor psychological QOL was significantly predicted by severe depressive symptoms and lower educational level (
F

11,438 = 24.3, P < 0.001), which accounted for 36.4% of the variance. Poor social QOL was significantly predicted by severe depressive symptoms, male gender, and unmarried status (
F

11,438 = 5.6, P < 0.001), which accounted for 12.5% of the variance. Poor environment QOL was significantly predicted by lower educational level, severe depressive symptoms, and younger age (
F

11,438 = 6.6, P < 0.001), which accounted for 12.1% of the variance.ConclusionOlder Macanese adults had poorer scores on physical and social QOL domains than the general Hong Kong Chinese population. Their QOL was more strongly related to severe depressive symptoms, major medical conditions, and insomnia.
Integrating climate change and habitat fragmentation to identify candidate seed sources for ecological restoration
Authors: Harrison Peter A. , Vaillancourt René E. , Harris Rebecca M. B. , Potts Brad M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAnthropogenic change (climate change and habitat fragmentation) is driving a growing view that local seed collections may need to be supplemented with nonlocal seed as a strategy to bolster genetic diversity and thus increase evolutionary potential of plantings. While this strategy is becoming widely promoted, empirical support is limited, and there is a lack of accessible research tools to assist in its experimental testing. We therefore provide the Provenancing Using Climate Analogues (PUCA) framework that integrates the principles of the climate‐adjusted provenancing strategy with concepts from population genetics (i.e. potential inbreeding in small fragmented populations) as both a research and operational‐ready tool to guide the collection of nonlocal seed. We demonstrate the application of PUCA using the Midlands of Tasmania, Australia, a region that is currently undergoing large‐scale ecological restoration. We highlight multiple nonlocal seed sources for testing by identifying actual species distribution records that currently occupy environments similar to that projected to occur at the restoration site in the future. We discuss the assumptions of PUCA and the ecological considerations that need to be tested when moving nonlocal genotypes across the landscape.
Why Study Philo Today? A Hundred Years of Philonic Scholarship in Retrospect and Prospect
Authors: Katsos Isidoros 
Published: January 2017

Reading Philo: A Handbook to Philo of Alexandria, Torrey Seland (ed.), , 2014 (ISBN 978–0–8028‐7069‐8), xvi + 345 pp., pb $45Philo of Alexandria, Jean Daniélou, translated by James G. Colbert, James Clark, 2014 (ISBN 978–0–227‐17449‐4), xvii + 184 pp., pb £23AbstractThe relation of philosophy to theology is notoriously ambiguous. Reading Philo of Alexandria is a case in point. Understanding the dynamics of philosophy and theology in the Philonic corpus is a key to understanding Philo's thought. And yet, few scholars agree as to how to read Philo on this point. In this article, I highlight some of the hermeneutical challenges posed by the Philonic corpus, based on two recent publications. The first book, a recently edited volume, documents the current trends in the discussion, introducing the reader to the 21st century scholarship. The second book, the first translation into English of an older monograph, echoes earlier trends, reaching back to the beginning of the previous century. Both publications complement each other, together covering a hundred years of Philonic scholarship. They thus offer a sound guide to the perplexed, even though they ultimately suggest alternative ways of reading Philo. In what follows, I argue that the perennial challenge of every Philo reader is to decipher Philo's enigmatic strategy in combining the Greek philosophical tradition with the Jewish scriptural tradition. To delve into this mystery, I submit, is the reason why Philo will continue to fascinate scholars for generations to come.
Deciding with Thresholds: Importance Measures and Value of Information
Authors: Borgonovo Emanuele , Cillo Alessandra 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRisk‐informed decision making is often accompanied by the specification of an acceptable level of risk. Such target level is compared against the value of a risk metric, usually computed through a probabilistic safety assessment model, to decide about the acceptability of a given design, the launch of a space mission, etc. Importance measures complement the decision process with information about the risk/safety significance of events. However, importance measures do not tell us whether the occurrence of an event can change the overarching decision. By linking value of information and importance measures for probabilistic risk assessment models, this work obtains a value‐of‐information‐based importance measure that brings together the risk metric, risk importance measures, and the risk threshold in one expression. The new importance measure does not impose additional computational burden because it can be calculated from our knowledge of the risk achievement and risk reduction worth, and complements the insights delivered by these importance measures. Several properties are discussed, including the joint decision worth of basic event groups. The application to the large loss of coolant accident sequence of the Advanced Test Reactor helps us in illustrating the risk analysis insights.
Methods of Monitoring Training Load and Their Relationships to Changes in Fitness and Performance in Competitive Road Cyclists
Authors: Sanders Dajo , Abt Grant , Hesselink Matthijs K.C. , Myers Tony , Akubat Ibrahim 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:To assess the dose-response relationships between different training-load methods and aerobic fitness and performance in competitive road cyclists.Methods:Training data from 15 well-trained competitive cyclists were collected during a 10-wk (December–March) preseason training period. Before and after the training period, participants underwent a laboratory incremental exercise test with gas-exchange and lactate measures and a performance assessment using an 8-min time trial (8MT). Internal training load was calculated using Banister TRIMP, Edwards TRIMP, individualized TRIMP (iTRIMP), Lucia TRIMP (luTRIMP), and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). External load was measured using Training Stress Score (TSS).Results:Large to very large relationships (r = .54–.81) between training load and changes in submaximal fitness variables (power at 2 and 4 mmol/L) were observed for all training-load calculation methods. The strongest relationships with changes in aerobic fitness variables were observed for iTRIMP (r = .81 [95% CI .51–.93, r = .77 [95% CI .43–.92]) and TSS (r = .75 [95% CI .31–.93], r = .79 [95% CI .40–.94]). The strongest dose-response relationships with changes in the 8MT test were observed for iTRIMP (r = .63 [95% CI .17–.86]) and luTRIMP (r = .70 [95% CI .29–.89).Conclusions:Training-load quantification methods that integrate individual physiological characteristics have the strongest dose-response relationships, suggesting this to be an essential factor in the quantification of training load in cycling.
Effect of Minimal Acupuncture for Infantile Colic: A Multicentre, Three-Armed, Single-Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial (Acu-Col)
Authors: Landgren Kajsa , Hallström Inger 
Published: January 2017

Background Evidence for treating infantile colic with acupuncture is contradictory. Aim To evaluate and compare the effect of two types of acupuncture versus no acupuncture in infants with colic in public child health centres (CHCs). Methods A multicentre, randomised controlled, single-blind, three-armed trial (ACU-COL) comparing two styles of acupuncture with no acupuncture, as an adjunct to standard care, was conducted. Among 426 infants whose parents sought help for colic and registered their child's fussing/crying in a diary, 157 fulfilled the criteria for colic and 147 started the intervention. All infants received usual care plus four extra visits to CHCs with advice/support (twice a week for 2 weeks), comprising gold standard care. The infants were randomly allocated to three groups: (A) standardised minimal acupuncture at LI4; (B) semi-standardised individual acupuncture inspired by Traditional Chinese Medicine; and (C) no acupuncture. The CHC nurses and parents were blinded. Acupuncture was given by nurses with extensive experience of acupuncture. Results The effect of the two types of acupuncture was similar and both were superior to gold standard care alone. Relative to baseline, there was a greater relative reduction in time spent crying and colicky crying by the second intervention week (p=0.050) and follow-up period (p=0.031), respectively, in infants receiving either type of acupuncture. More infants receiving acupuncture cried <3 hours/day, and thereby no longer fulfilled criteria for colic, in the first (p=0.040) and second (p=0.006) intervention weeks. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions Acupuncture appears to reduce crying in infants with colic safely. Trial registration number NCT01761331; Results.
Influence of premium versus value brand names on the smoking experience in a plain packaging environment: an experimental study
Authors: Skaczkowski Gemma , Durkin Sarah , Kashima Yoshihisa , Wakefield Melanie 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of branding, as indicated by brand name, on evaluation of the cigarette smoking experience.DesignBetween-subjects and within-subjects experimental study. Participants were randomly allocated to smoke a cigarette from a pack featuring a premium brand name and a cigarette from a pack featuring a value brand name. Within each condition, participants unknowingly smoked two identical cigarettes (either two premium or two value cigarettes).SettingAustralia, October 2014, 2 years after tobacco plain packaging implementation.Participants81 current cigarette smokers aged 19–39 years. From apparently premium and value brand-name packs, 40 smokers were allocated to smoke the same actual premium cigarettes and 41 were allocated to smoke the same actual value cigarettes.Primary outcome measuresExperienced taste (flavour, satisfaction, enjoyment, quality, liking, mouthfeel and aftertaste), harshness, dryness, staleness, harm/strength measures (strength, tar, lightness, volume of smoke), draw effort and purchase intent.ResultsCigarettes given a premium brand name were rated as having a better taste, were less harsh and less dry than identical cigarettes given a value brand name. This pattern was observed irrespective of whether the two packs actually contained premium or value cigarettes. These effects were specific: the brand name did not influence ratings of cigarette variant attributes (strength, tar, volume of smoke, lightness and draw effort).ConclusionsDespite the belief that brand names represent genuine differences between cigarette products, the results suggest that at least some of this perceived sensory difference is attributable to brand image.
Distinct risk factors of atrial fibrillation in patients with and without coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the BOREAS-CAG Registry data
Authors: Murakami Naoto , Tanno Masaya , Kokubu Nobuaki , Nishida Junichi , Nagano Nobutaka , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Akasaka Hiroshi , Miki Takayuki , Tsuchihashi Kazufumi , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveAlthough risk factors of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population have been characterised, their impacts on patients with specific diseases are unclear. Our aim was to determine whether risk factors of AF are different in patients with and those without coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsWe enrolled 1871 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography for evaluation of symptoms suggestive of CAD in the BOREAS-CAG Registry between August 2014 and January 2015. After exclusion of patients with valvular heart disease or a history of PCI/cardiac surgery, 1150 patients contributed to multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors of AF. We also retrieved data for 361 consecutive patients with CAD admitted to Sapporo Medical University Hospital between April 2013 and July 2014 and analysed data for 166 patients using the same inclusion and exclusion criteria as those in the BOREAS-CAG Registry.ResultsUnexpectedly, CAD was independently associated with the absence of AF. The patients were then divided into a non-CAD group (n=576) and a CAD group (n=574) for further analysis. The brain natriuretic peptide level showed a strong association with AF regardless of the presence or absence of CAD. In the non-CAD group, lack of statin use was independently associated with AF, whereas high serum uric acid level was an independent explanatory variable of AF in the CAD group. The association of AF with uric acid was confirmed in a separate group of patients (n=166) enrolled in the CAD cohort in Sapporo Medical University Hospital.ConclusionsMajor risk factors of AF are different in patients with CAD and those without CAD. Patients with CAD are more likely to develop AF when the serum uric acid level is high, whereas no statin administration predicts development of AF in patients without CAD.
Cost-Effective and High-Throughput Merge Network
Authors: Mashimo Susumu , Van Chu Thiem , Kise Kenji 
Published: January 2017

High-performance sorting is used in various areas such as database transactions and genomic feature operations. To improve sorting performance, in addition to the conventional approach of using general purpose processors or GPUs, the approach of using FPGAs is becoming a promising solution. As an FPGA sorting accelerator, Casper and Olukotun have recently proposed the fastest one known so far. In their study, they proposed a merge network which can merge two sorted data series at a throughput of 6 data elements per 200MHz clock cycle.
If an FPGA sorting accelerator is constructed using merge networks, the overall throughput will be mainly determined by the throughputs of the merge networks. This motivates us to design a merge network which outputs more than 6 data elements per 200MHz clock cycle. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective and high-throughput merge network for the fastest FPGA sorting accelerator. The evaluation shows that our proposal achieves a throughput of 8 data elements per 200MHz clock cycle.
Tumor-Infiltrating Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells Are Diverse and Associated with Improved Patient Survival
Authors: Miller Natalie J. , Church Candice D. , Dong Lichun , Crispin David , Fitzgibbon Matthew P. , Lachance Kristina , Jing Lichen , Shinohara Michi , Gavvovidis Ioannis , Willimsky Gerald , McIntosh Martin , Blankenstein Thomas , Koelle David M. , Nghiem Paul 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are associated with improved survival of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an aggressive skin cancer causally linked to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). However, CD8+ T-cell infiltration is robust in only 4% to 18% of MCC tumors. We characterized the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire restricted to one prominent epitope of MCPyV (KLLEIAPNC, “KLL”) and assessed whether TCR diversity, tumor infiltration, or T-cell avidity correlated with clinical outcome. HLA-A*02:01/KLL tetramer+ CD8+ T cells from MCC patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated via flow cytometry. TCRβ (TRB) sequencing was performed on tetramer+ cells from PBMCs or TILs (n = 14) and matched tumors (n = 12). Functional avidity of T-cell clones was determined by IFNγ production. We identified KLL tetramer+ T cells in 14% of PBMC and 21% of TIL from MCC patients. TRB repertoires were strikingly diverse (397 unique TRBs were identified from 12 patients) and mostly private (only one TCRb clonotype shared between two patients). An increased fraction of KLL-specific TIL (&gt;1.9%) was associated with significantly increased MCC-specific survival P = 0.0009). T-cell cloning from four patients identified 42 distinct KLL-specific TCRa/b pairs. T-cell clones from patients with improved MCC-specific outcomes were more avid (P &lt; 0.05) and recognized an HLA-appropriate MCC cell line. T cells specific for a single MCPyV epitope display marked TCR diversity within and between patients. Intratumoral infiltration by MCPyV-specific T cells was associated with significantly improved MCC-specific survival, suggesting that augmenting the number or avidity of virus-specific T cells may have therapeutic benefit. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(2); 137–47. ©2017 AACR.
Intellectual Property, Antitrust, and the Economics of Aftermarkets
Authors: Herndon Jill Boylston 
Published: January 2017

At the border of intellectual property monopolies and antitrust markets lies a field of dissonance yet to be harmonized by statute or the Supreme Court. Image Technical Services v. Eastman Kodak, 125 F.3d 1195, 1217 (9th Cir. 1997).
Antitrust'S “State Action” Doctrine and the Policy of the Commerce Clause
Authors: Spinella Frank P. 
Published: January 2017

The relief of the citizens of each state from the burden of monopoly and the evils resulting from the restraint of trade among such citizens was left to the States to deal with …. Chief Justice Fuller in United States v. E.C. Knight Company, 156 U.S. 1, 11 (1895).