bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Functional Selection Identifies Cardiotrophin-1 as a Cardiac Engraftment Factor for Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Bortolotti Francesca , Ruozi Giulia , Falcione Antonella , Doimo Sara , Dal Ferro Matteo , Lesizza Pierluigi , Zentilin Lorena , Banks Lawrence , Zacchigna Serena , Giacca Mauro 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Transplantation of cells into the infarcted heart has significant potential to improve myocardial recovery; however, low efficacy of cell engraftment still limits therapeutic benefit. Here, we describe a method for the unbiased, in vivo selection of cytokines that improve mesenchymal stromal cell engraftment into the heart both in normal conditions and after myocardial infarction.

Methods:
An arrayed library of 80 secreted factors, including most of the currently known interleukins and chemokines, were individually cloned into adeno-associated viral vectors. Pools from this library were then used for the batch transduction of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells ex vivo, followed by intramyocardial cell administration in normal and infarcted mice. Three weeks after injection, vector genomes were recovered from the few persisting cells and identified by sequencing DNA barcodes uniquely labeling each of the tested cytokines.

Results:
The most effective molecule identified by this competitive engraftment screening was cardiotrophin-1, a member of the interleukin-6 family. Intracardiac injection of mesenchymal stromal cells transiently preconditioned with cardiotrophin-1 preserved cardiac function and reduced infarct size, parallel to the persistence of the transplanted cells in the healing hearts for at least 2 months after injection. Engraftment of cardiotrophin-1–treated mesenchymal stromal cells was consequent to signal transducer and activator of transcription 3–mediated activation of the focal adhesion kinase and its associated focal adhesion complex and the consequent acquisition of adhesive properties by the cells.

Conclusions:
These results support the feasibility of selecting molecules in vivo for their functional properties with adeno-associated viral vector libraries and identify cardiotrophin-1 as a powerful cytokine promoting cell engraftment and thus improving cell therapy of the infarcted myocardium.
Impact of Right Ventricular Performance in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Bartko Philipp E. , Wiedemann Dominik , Schrutka Lore , Binder Christina , Santos‐Gallego Carlos G. , Zuckermann Andreas , Steinlechner Barbara , Koinig Herbert , Heinz Gottfried , Niessner Alexander , Zimpfer Daniel , Laufer Günther , Lang Irene M. , Distelmaier Klaus , Goliasch Georg 
Published: July 2017

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following cardiac surgery safeguards end‐organ oxygenation but unfavorably alters cardiac hemodynamics. Along with the detrimental effects of cardiac surgery to the right heart, this might impact outcome, particularly in patients with preexisting right ventricular (
RV
) dysfunction. We sought to determine the prognostic impact of
RV
function and to improve established risk‐prediction models in this vulnerable patient cohort.

Methods and Results

Of 240 patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support following cardiac surgery, 111 had echocardiographic examinations at our institution before implantation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and were thus included. Median age was 67 years (interquartile range 60‐74), and 74 patients were male. During a median follow‐up of 27 months (interquartile range 16‐63), 75 patients died. Fifty‐one patients died within 30 days, 75 during long‐term follow‐up (median follow‐up 27 months, minimum 5 months, maximum 125 months). Metrics of
RV
function were the strongest predictors of outcome, even stronger than left ventricular function (
P
<0.001 for receiver operating characteristics comparisons). Specifically,
RV
free‐wall strain was a powerful predictor univariately and after adjustment for clinical variables, Simplified Acute Physiology Score‐3, tricuspid regurgitation, surgery type and duration with adjusted hazard ratios of 0.41 (95%
CI
0.24‐0.68;
P
=0.001) for 30‐day mortality and 0.48 (95%
CI
0.33‐0.71;
P
<0.001) for long‐term mortality for a 1‐
SD
(
SD
=−6%) change in
RV
free‐wall strain. Combined assessment of the additive Euro
SCORE
and
RV
free‐wall strain improved risk classification by a net reclassification improvement of 57% for 30‐day mortality (
P
=0.01) and 56% for long‐term mortality (
P
=0.02) compared with the additive Euro
SCORE
alone.

Conclusions

RV function is strongly linked to mortality, even after adjustment for baseline variables and clinical risk scores.
RV
performance improves established risk prediction models for short‐ and long‐term mortality.
Readmission After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Dasenbrock Hormuzdiyar H. , Angriman Frederico , Smith Timothy R. , Gormley William B. , Frerichs Kai U. , Aziz-Sultan M. Ali , Du Rose 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
The goal of this nationwide study is to evaluate the suitability of readmission as a quality indicator in the aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) population.

Methods—
Patients with aneurysmal SAH were extracted from the Nationwide Readmission Database (2013). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate predictors of a 30-day readmission, and multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the association of hospital readmission rates with hospital mortality rates. Predictors screened included patient demographics, comorbidities, severity of SAH, complications from the SAH hospitalization, and hospital characteristics.

Results—

The 30-day readmission rate was 10.2% (n=346) among the 3387 patients evaluated, and the most common reasons for readmission were neurological, hydrocephalus, infectious, and venous thromboembolic complications. Greater number of comorbidities, increased severity of SAH, and discharge disposition other than to home were independent predictors of readmission (
P
≤0.03). Although hydrocephalus during the SAH hospitalization was associated with readmission for the same diagnosis, other readmissions were not associated with having sustained the same complication during the SAH hospitalization. Hospital mortality rate was inversely associated with hospital SAH volume (
P
=0.03) but not significantly associated with hospital readmission rate; hospital SAH volume was also not associated with SAH readmissions.

Conclusions—
In this national analysis, readmission was primarily attributable to new medical complications in patients with greater comorbidities and severity of SAH rather than exacerbation of complications from the SAH hospitalization. Additionally, hospital readmission rates did not correlate with other established quality metrics. Therefore, readmission may be a suboptimal quality indicator in the SAH population.
Vascular Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Promotes Intracranial Aneurysm Formation
Authors: Labeyrie Paul-Emile , Goulay Romain , Martinez de Lizarrondo Sara , Hébert Marie , Gauberti Maxime , Maubert Eric , Delaunay Barbara , Gory Benjamin , Signorelli Francesco , Turjman Francis , Touzé Emmanuel , Courthéoux Patrick , Vivien Denis , Orset Cyrille 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
Although the mechanisms that contribute to intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and rupture are not totally elucidated, inflammation and matrix remodeling are incriminated. Because tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) controls both inflammatory and matrix remodeling processes, we hypothesized that tPA could be involved in the pathophysiology of IA.

Methods—
Immunofluorescence analyses of tPA and its main substrate within the aneurysmal wall of murine and human samples were performed. We then compared the formation and rupture of IAs in wild-type, tPA-deficient and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor–deficient mice subjected to a model of elastase-induced IA. The specific contribution of vascular versus global tPA was investigated by performing hepatic hydrodynamic transfection of a cDNA encoding for tPA in tPA-deficient mice. The formation and rupture of IAs were monitored by magnetic resonance imaging tracking for 28 days.

Results—
Immunofluorescence revealed increased expression of tPA within the aneurysmal wall. The number of aneurysms and their symptomatic ruptures were significantly lower in tPA-deficient than in wild-type mice. Conversely, they were higher in plasminogen activator inhibitor–deficient mice. The wild-type phenotype could be restored in tPA-deficient mice by selectively increasing circulating levels of tPA via hepatic hydrodynamic transfection of a cDNA encoding for tPA.

Conclusions—
Altogether, this preclinical study demonstrates that the tPA present in the blood stream is a key player of the formation of IAs. Thus, tPA should be considered as a possible new target for the prevention of IAs formation and rupture.
Benchmarking Telestroke Proficiency
Authors: Jagolino-Cole Amanda L. , Bozorgui Shima , Ankrom Christy M. , Bambhroliya Arvind B. , Cossey Tiffany D. , Trevino Alyssa D. , Savitz Sean I. , Wu Tzu-Ching , Vahidy Farhaan S. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
Formal telestroke training for neurovascular fellows (NVFs) is necessary because of growing use of telestroke technologies in the management of acute ischemic stroke; yet, educational approaches and training benchmarks are not formalized. Time between telestroke consultant page and tissue-type plasminogen activator administration (page-to-needle time, PTNT) can provide an objective measure of proficiency. We compared PTNT between NVFs and neurovascular attendings (NVAs) and evaluated changes in PTNT with experience.

Methods—
We identified suspected acute ischemic stroke patients in our telestroke registry from July 2013 to December 2015 who received tissue-type plasminogen activator. Using multivariable quantile regression, we estimated the difference and 95% confidence interval in median PTNT between NVFs and NVAs. We also report the coefficient of change in PTNT over increasing number of telestroke consults.

Results—

NVFs evaluated 53.7% of 618 tissue-type plasminogen activator cases over telestroke. NVAs had significantly shorter PTNT compared with NVFs, with a difference in median PTNT of −9 minutes (95% confidence interval, −12.3 to −5.7). This difference persisted when adjusted for relative tissue-type plasminogen activator contraindications. For each additional telestroke consult, PTNT decreased by 0.07 minutes for NVFs or NVAs (
P
=0.02 and <0.01, respectively).

Conclusions—
PTNT improves by ≈1 minute for every 14 consults for both NVFs and NVAs. Our findings support the importance of integrating telestroke training into supervised neurovascular fellowships to increase proficiency prior to independent practice and suggest that PTNT can be a benchmark for tracking proficiency.
Dolichoectasia and Small Vessel Disease in Young Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke
Authors: Thijs Vincent , Grittner Ulrike , Fazekas Franz , McCabe Dominick J.H. , Giese Anne-Katrin , Kessler Christof , Martus Peter , Norrving Bo , Ringelstein Erich Bernd , Schmidt Reinhold , Tanislav Christian , Putaala Jukka , Tatlisumak Turgut , von Sarnowski Bettina , Rolfs Arndt , Enzinger Christian 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
We evaluated whether basilar dolichoectasia is associated with markers of cerebral small vessel disease in younger transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke patients.

Methods—
We used data from the SIFAP1 study (Stroke in Young Fabry Patients), a large prospective, hospital-based, screening study for Fabry disease in young (<55 years) transient ischemic attack/stroke patients in whom detailed clinical data and brain MRI were obtained, and stroke subtyping with TOAST classification (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) was performed.

Results—

Dolichoectasia was found in 508 of 3850 (13.2%) of patients. Dolichoectasia was associated with older age (odds ratio per decade, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.44), male sex (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–2.42), and hypertension (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.70). Dolichoectasia was more common in patients with small infarctions (33.9% versus 29.8% for acute lesions,
P
=0.065; 29.1% versus 16.5% for old lesions,
P
<0.001), infarct location in the brain stem (12.4% versus 6.9%,
P
<0.001), and in white matter (27.8% versus 21.1%,
P
=0.001). Microbleeds (16.3% versus 4.7%,
P
=0.001), higher grades of white matter hyperintensities (
P
<0.001), and small vessel disease subtype (18.1% versus 12.4%, overall
P
for differences in TOAST (
P
=0.018) were more often present in patients with dolichoectasia.

Conclusions—
Dolichoectasia is associated with imaging markers of small vessel disease and brain stem localization of acute and old infarcts in younger patients with transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00414583.
Blockade of the angiotensin system improves mental health domain of quality of life: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Brownstein Daniel J , Salagre Estela , Köhler Cristiano , Stubbs Brendon , Vian João , Pereira Ciria , Chavarria Victor , Karmakar Chandan , Turner Alyna , Quevedo João , Carvalho André F , Berk Michael , Fernandes Brisa S 
Published: July 2017

Objective: It is unclear whether blockade of the angiotensin system has effects on mental health. Our objective was to determine the impact of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers on mental health domain of quality of life. Study design: Meta-analysis of published literature. Data sources: PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov databases. The last search was conducted in January 2017. Study selection: Randomized controlled trials comparing any angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or AT1R blocker versus placebo or non-angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or non-AT1R blocker were selected. Study participants were adults without any major physical symptoms. We adhered to meta-analysis reporting methods as per PRISMA and the Cochrane Collaboration. Data synthesis: Eleven studies were included in the analysis. When compared with placebo or other antihypertensive medications, AT1R blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with improved overall quality of life (standard mean difference = 0.11, 95% confidence interval = [0.08, 0.14], p < 0.0001), positive wellbeing (standard mean difference = 0.11, 95% confidence interval = [0.05, 0.17], p < 0.0001), mental (standard mean difference = 0.15, 95% confidence interval = [0.06, 0.25], p < 0.0001), and anxiety (standard mean difference = 0.08, 95% confidence interval = [0.01, 0.16], p < 0.0001) domains of QoL. No significant difference was found for the depression domain (standard mean difference = 0.05, 95% confidence interval = [0.02, 0.12], p = 0.15). Conclusions: Use of angiotensin blockers and inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension in otherwise healthy adults is associated with improved mental health domains of quality of life. Mental health quality of life was a secondary outcome in the included studies. Research specifically designed to analyse the usefulness of drugs that block the angiotensin system is necessary to properly evaluate this novel psychiatric target.
The role of emotions and positionality in the trajectories of ‘new speakers’ of Irish
Authors: Walsh John 
Published: July 2017

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the emotional experiences and positionality of ‘new speakers’ of Irish, fluent and regular speakers who were not raised with Irish in the historical Irish-speaking heartland known as the Gaeltacht. The role of emotions in facilitating the transition to new speakerhood is considered, as is their influence on the speakers’ continued use of Irish and on their positionality in relation to other speakers. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper is based on semi-structured narrative interviews conducted with participants identified as active and competent new speakers of Irish. It is part of a larger European project on the topic of new speakers. Data and Analysis: The sample size is 46 interviews from a database of 100 Irish speakers and was analysed using NVivo qualitative analysis. Findings/Conclusions: Becoming a new speaker of Irish is a deeply emotional process, both before and after the transition, as subjects grapple with additional obstacles to acquisition and use due to the language’s minoritised status. The emotions involved in adopting a minoritised language such as Irish appear to be qualitatively different from other languages because of the additional obstacles involved in mastering a language with a weak sociolinguistic profile. Originality: The paper’s originality stems from the fact that it is the first systematic study of emotions and positionality among new speakers of Irish and is distinct from existing quantitative studies of language attitudes. An additional innovation is its theoretical framework which aims to guide understanding of emotions and positionality among new speakers of minoritised languages in particular rather than majority languages in general. Significance/Implications: The paper is theoretically significant because existing work on language and emotions has not focused on minoritised languages. Significance attaches to the related finding that the emotional process is not the same for minoritised languages and other more dominant languages.
Dynamic change of transcription pausing through modulating NELF protein stability regulates granulocytic differentiation
Authors: Liu Xiuli , Gogate Aishwarya A. , Tastemel Melodi , Malladi Venkat S. , Yao Huiyu , Nguyen Kim , Huang Lily Jun-Shen , Bai Xiaoying 
Published: July 2017

Key PointsGranulocytic differentiation triggers a decrease of NELF protein abundance. Downregulation of NELF-mediated transcription pausing is necessary and sufficient for granulocytic differentiation.
Validity and reliability of grade scoring in the diagnosis of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction
Authors: Walsted Emil Schwarz , Hull James H. , Hvedstrup Jeppe , Maat Robert Christiaan , Backer Vibeke 
Published: July 2017

The current gold-standard method for diagnosing exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE), with severity classified by a visual grade scoring system. We evaluated the precision of this approach, by evaluating test–retest reliability of CLE and both inter- and intra-rater variability.In this prospective case–control study, subjects completed four consecutive treadmill CLE tests under identical conditions. Laryngoscopic video recordings were anonymised and graded by three expert raters. 2 months following initial scoring, videos were re-randomised and rating repeated to assess intra-rater agreement.20 subjects (16 cases and four controls) completed four CLE tests. The time to exhaustion increased by 30 s (95% CI 0.02–57.8, p<0.05) in the second CLE compared with the first test, but remained identical in the subsequent tests. Only one-third of subjects retained their initial diagnosis in the subsequent three tests. Inter-rater agreement on grade scores (weighted Cohen's ϰ) was 0.16–0.45, while intra-rater agreement ranged from 0.30 to 0.67.The CLE test is key in the diagnostic assessment of patients with EILO. However, the widely adopted visual grade scoring system does not appear to be a robust means for reliably classifying severity of EILO.
Skin in the game: the use of sensing smart fabrics in tennis costume as a means of analyzing performance
Authors: Chittenden Tara 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnderlying the surface decoration and cut of contemporary tennis costume is a fabric that enacts its own performance and studies the athlete who wears it. Whilst designers such as Teddy Tinling created tennis costumes that brought glamour and theatrical flair to the player’s performance, modern sports companies are increasingly using costume to approach human performance from a big data perspective. In the late nineteenth century, women playing tennis wore corsets and long skirts which impeded movement; today, the top players utilize fabric science that enables costume to control and record the temperature, sweat and muscle movement of the performer, whilst also presenting a vehicle to showcase their personality through their aesthetic choices. Smart fabrics allow for greater and more precise control over how our bodies perform, and they similarly alter our understanding of materiality and bodily presence with regards to fashion. The use of smart fabrics in sports, where the patterns of data collected by the costume visually and numerically display the conditions of the player/performance, holds potential for the ways in which we interrogate the interrelationship of clothing and performance across a range of arenas. For fashion research this means it is now possible not just to look at a costume but to look through it, via biometric capture, to a performance realized in data space. It is this duality of costume both in and as performance space that provokes this article to raise questions about the changeable nature of smart clothing and its relationship to the sporting body.
The nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2 promotes the turnover of monocytes at steady state
Authors: Llewellyn Ryan A , Thomas Keena S , Gutknecht Michael F , Bouton Amy H 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Monocytes are short-lived myeloid cells that perform functions essential for tissue homeostasis and disease resolution. However, the cellular mechanisms controlling the maintenance and turnover of monocyte populations are largely undefined. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that regulates numerous immune cell functions, but its role in monocytes is currently unknown. In this study, we sought to characterize the expression and function of Pyk2 in lineage-committed monocyte populations. Here, we report that Pyk2 protein expression is increased in the Ly6C− monocyte population. Using a Pyk2 knockout mouse model (Pyk2−/−), we show that Pyk2 regulates the relative proportion of monocyte subsets normally represented in the bone marrow (BM) at steady state. In support of this conclusion, a similar phenotype was observed in the peripheral blood and spleen. Data from reciprocal BM chimera experiments indicate that the alterations in monocyte populations exhibited by Pyk2−/− mice are due to factors intrinsic to the monocytes. Lineage-tracing of monocyte populations suggests that Pyk2 promotes apoptosis in BM monocytes, thereby acting as an important homeostatic regulator of turnover in these short-lived, innate immune cells.