bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptual-Speech, Nasometric, and Cephalometric Results after Modified V-Y Palatoplasties with or without Mucosal Graft
Authors: Oyama Kentaro , Nishihara Kazuhide , Matsunaga Kazuhide , Miura Naoko , Kibe Toshiro , Nakamura Norifumi 
Published: November 2015

Objective Although the goal of cleft palate (CP) repair is to achieve normal speech, no standard procedure ensures that patients' speech will be at the same level as speech in children without CP. In this study, postoperative speech outcomes following primary CP repair combined with or without a mucosal graft was analyzed in comparison with that of control subjects without CP. Participants Eighty-two patients who underwent modified V-Y palatoplasty with a mucosal graft on the nasal side for symmetrical muscular reconstruction during 2006-2012 (MG group) and 109 patients who previously underwent modified V-Y palatoplasty without a mucosal graft (non-MG group) were enrolled in this study. Speech data on 37 Japanese subjects without CP were used as a control. Main outcome Measures Perceptual rating of resonance and nasal emission and nasometry were carried out for all participants. Furthermore, cephalometric analyses were performed to assess postoperative velopharyngeal morphology and velar movement. Results Normal resonance was achieved at a significantly higher rate (90.3% of patients) in the MG group than in the non-MG group (68.8%) ( P ≤ .01). The mean nasalance scores in the MG group were significantly lower (P ≤ .01) and were almost at the same level as in controls. Cephalometric analyses revealed a greater velar length and velar elevation angle during phonation in the MG group ( P ≤ .01 and P ≤ .05, respectively). Conclusions Modified V-Y palatoplasty combined with a mucosal graft on the nasal side of the velum for symmetrical muscular reconstruction facilitates speech outcomes for children with cleft palate that are comparable with those for peers without CP.
The Feasibility of Buccal Fat Pad Flap in Oral Reconstruction Based on Clinical Experience in a Governmental Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Habib Ahmed M.A. , Medra Ahmed 
Published: November 2015

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pedicled buccal fat pad flap for its applicability in the reconstruction of surgically created oral defects. We highlighted the technique of flap harvesting, its different applications, and limitations. Design Prospective analysis of patients with intraoral defects repaired by the buccal fat pad flap. Setting Institutional center. Patients/Participants Twenty-nine patients with surgical defects of the palate, maxilla, upper gingiva, buccal mucosa, lower gingiva, retromolar region, oral floor, and temporomandibular joint. Interventions Pedicled buccal fat pad flap for treatment of small to medium-sized intraoral defects. Outcome Measures Patients had repair using a pedicled buccal fat pad flap between 2012 and 2014. Patients' photographs and clinical records were collected. The technique of flap harvesting, its advantages, and its drawbacks are described in this study. Results Patients were followed up over a mean period of 13.7 months to check flap viability, competent repair, and donor site function and aesthetics. Complete epithelialization was observed within 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively according to the extent of the defect. All patients showed uneventful healing without complications. Conclusions Buccal fat pad flap proved to be feasible for the reconstruction of surgically induced proximal small to medium-sized defects and can be extended to the palate, mandible, mouth angle, and temporomandibular joint region. Further research using preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of the size of the buccal fat pad is needed when reconstructing large distal defects.
The importance of human-computer interaction in the development process of software projects
Authors: Calp M. Hanefi , Akcayol M. Ali 
Published: November 2015

<p>Today, software industry has a rapid growth. In order to resist the competition increased by this growth, software projects ne0ed to be developed with higher quality and especially user friendly. Therefore, the importance of human-computer interaction emerges clearly. In design and development phases of software projects, the properties of human –which is an important agent for interaction- such as behavioral, cognitive, perceptive, efficiency and physical factors have to be considered. This study aims to express the importance of developing softwares by taking into consideration the human-computer interaction applications. In this context, firstly a wide literature review is made to examine software development process and human-computer interaction in detail, the results obtained by using design methods in this process are explicated and the importance of said interaction is openly expressed with the exemplary applications in the literature. According to the results of the research, especially in software life cycle, it is observed that rules of interaction must be implemented before software development, however, these methods are usually included in software life cycle in the latter stages of software development process. This situation causes the developed softwares to be user unfriendly and of low quality. Furthermore, it is observed that when the design methods used in the scope of human-computer interaction are integrated into software development process during the life cycle, the developed projects are more successful, have better quality and are more user friendly.</p><p> Keywords: Human-computer interaction, software projects, life cycle, software design.</p>
Estructura, composición florística, biomasa y carbono arriba del suelo en los manglares Laguna de Gandoca y Estero Moín, Limón, Costa Rica
Authors: Manrow-Villalobos Marilyn , Vílchez-Alvarado Braulio 
Published: November 2015

Se delimitó el área de dos manglares del Caribe Sur deCosta Rica, se analizó su estructura horizontal y verticaly la composición florística. Se cuantificó la biomasay el carbono arriba del suelo respecto al gradiente dedistanciamiento al borde del canal; en ambos sitios.Sobre transeptos perpendiculares al borde del canal,se establecieron parcelas circulares de siete metros deradio, dispuestas cada 25 m. Se evaluó el diámetro (d) decada individuo mayor a 5 cm (a 1,30 m del suelo o arribade la raíz más alta de los individuos con raíces aéreas).Se determinó la densidad de árboles (árboles/ha), el áreabasal (m2/ha), la distribución de los individuos por clasediamétrica, la altura total (m), la densidad de árboles porpisos de altura, el índice de valor de importancia de lasespecies, los índices de diversidad de Shannon–Wiener(H´) y Alpha de Fisher, la biomasa y la reserva de carbonoarriba del suelo. Se utilizó un diseño experimental debloques incompletos al azar (BIA). Se realizaron análisisde varianza (ANDEVA) y pruebas Duncan. El áreadelimitada del manglar de Gandoca fue de 13,34 ha y 10,73 ha en Moín. En Gandoca y Moín se encontrarondiámetros promedio de los árboles de 21,43 cm y20,01 cm, alturas totales promedio de 12,8 m y 10,5 m,densidades de 687 árboles/ha y 708 árboles/ha, áreasbasales de 26,35 m2/ha y 26,37 m2/ha respectivamente.La especie más importante en Gandoca fue Rhizophoramangle y en Moín Pterocarpus officinalis. En ambossitios también se encontraron Laguncularia racemosa yAvicennia germinans junto a otras 20 especies asociadas.El sitio más diverso fue Moín. La biomasa fue de 330, 27Mg/ha y 257,10 Mg/ha, el carbono fue de 153,25 Mg/hay 119,29 Mg/ha para Gandoca y Moín respectivamente.La composición florística y las variables estructurales seasemejaron a otras reportadas en manglares del Caribey sugieren que los manglares estudiados son madurosy se encuentran en constante renovación; sin embargo,Moín presenta un grado de disturbio mayor. Las reservasde biomasa y carbono superaron a las reportadas parabosques secundarios y primarios de Costa Rica y lasde algunos manglares del Indo - Pacífico. El manglar deGandoca presentó un aumento de área, con respecto alo reportado por Coll et al. (2001), para el manglar de Moínno se encontraron registros anteriores de este dato, porlo que este estudio no reporta aumento o disminucióndel área.
Reported Use of and Satisfaction With Vocational Rehabilitation Services Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons
Authors: Dispenza Franco , Hunter Tameeka 
Published: November 2015

Purpose:Reported use of and satisfaction rates of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services among a small sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons living with various chronic illness and disability (CID) conditions in the United States were explored.Method:Data were pulled from a larger data set that was collected via the Internet. A quantitative research design using descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.Results:Sexual minorities living with various CID conditions are presenting to VR for vocational services. Sexual minority women- and bisexual-identified persons were more likely to report dissatisfaction with VR services than gay men.Conclusions:LGBT persons are experiencing an array of CID conditions and using VR services. More consideration of LGBT issues in rehabilitation counseling is necessary.
Influence of Flow Geometry on Sandface Temperatures During Single-Phase Oil Production: Dimensionless Analysis
Authors: App J. F. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis paper evaluates the impact of flow geometry on sandface temperature behavior under conditions of high drawdown in which Joule-Thomson thermal effects are significant. The temperature behavior of both radial- and linear-flow regimes is evaluated under steady-state and transient conditions. Through a dimensionless analysis of the thermal-energy equation, a systematic evaluation of the contributing terms is presented. The steady-state analysis is based on analytic solutions that demonstrate identical temperature behavior at asymptotic limits but are offset by a geometric factor at intermediary Péclet numbers. The transient analysis is based on a combination of analytical and numerical solutions. The transient analysis demonstrates that temperature changes occur earlier in time for the radial geometry compared with the linear geometry. The impetus behind this study is to address the impact of transient-temperature development in hydraulically fractured vs. nonhydraulically fractured vertical completions. The flow regime in nonhydraulically fractured vertical completions is radial whereas in hydraulically fractured vertical completions a linear-flow regime can dominate a significant portion of the flow history. All analyses assume that skin, wellbore-storage, and thermal-storage effects are negligible.
Relative Permeability Characterization for Water-Alternating-Gas Injection in Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Shahverdi H.. , Sohrabi M.. 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Large quantities of oil usually remain in oil reservoirs after conventional waterfloods. A significant part of this remaining oil can still be economically recovered by water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection. WAG injection involves drainage and imbibition processes taking place sequentially; therefore, the numerical simulation of the WAG process requires reliable knowledge of three-phase relative permeability (kr) accounting for cyclic-hysteresis effects.
In this study, the results of a series of unsteady-state two-phase displacements and WAG coreflood experiments were used to investigate the behavior of three-phase kr and hysteresis effects in the WAG process. The experiments were performed on two different cores with different characteristics and wettability conditions.
An in-house coreflood simulator was developed to obtain three-phase relative permeability values directly from unsteady-state WAG experiments by history matching the measured recovery and differential-pressure profiles. The results show that three-phase gas relative permeability is reduced in consecutive gas-injection cycles and consequently the gas mobility and injectivity drop significantly with successive gas injections during the WAG process, under different rock conditions. The trend of hysteresis in the relative permeabilty of gas (krg) partly contradicts the existing hysteresis models available in the literature. The three-phase water relative permeability (krw) of the water-wet (WW) core does not exhibit considerable hysteresis effect during different water injections, whereas the mixed-wet (MW) core shows slight cyclic hysteresis. This may indicate a slight increase of the water injectivity in the subsequent water injections in the WAG process under MW conditions. Insignificant hysteresis is observed in the oil relative permeability (kro) during different gas-injection cycles for both WW and MW rocks. However, a considerable cyclic-hysteresis effect in kro is observed during water-injection cycles of WAG, which is attributed to the reduction of the residual oil saturation (ROS) during successive water injections. The kro of the WW core exhibits much-more cyclic-hysteresis effect than that of the MW core. No models currently exist in reservoir simulators that can capture the observed cyclic-hysteresis effect in oil relative permeability for the WAG process.
Investigation of relative permeability data obtained from these displacement tests at different rock conditions revealed that there is a significant discrepancy between two-phase and three-phase relative permeability of all fluids. This highlights that not only the three-phase relative permeability of the intermediate phase (oil), but also the three-phase kr of the wetting phase (water) and nonwetting phase (gas) are functions of two independent saturations.
Case Study: Completion-Design Optimization for Barnett Oil-Producing Area
Authors: Holderby Eric , Dahl Jeff , Spaid John , Dusterhoft Ron , Adams Ian 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Throughout the past several years, economic and technological advancements in the North American shale market with respect to drilling and hydraulic-fracturing operations have helped create a “typical” operating scheme for producing from the multiple shale-formation reservoirs currently being exploited. This typical scheme focuses on operational efficiency and cost reduction to drive profitability in these markets. Although operational efficiency and effective cost control have led to more-profitable operations in these shale reservoirs, the unknowns regarding the subsurface of these highly complex formations can often create situations of operating without sufficient information to optimally design drilling-and-completions strategies to produce larger volumes of hydrocarbon from the reservoir.
Opposed to conventional operations, the amount of basin and asset knowledge being collected and developed in most of these shale plays is much lower, and thus can result in poor development decisions, leading to less than optimum economic performance. Focus on subsurface knowledge as well as collaboration between the various aspects of developing an asset is essential to helping discover and produce more oil and gas from these complex reservoir systems.
This paper examines a case study of three wells in Wise County, Texas, in the Barnett shale, where a collaborative subsurface insight investigation and a drilling-and-completions optimization process were used to illustrate the production benefit achieved through improved reservoir understanding. Within this process, an asset Earth model was created with the collected information from wireline logging, logging while drilling, core testing, mechanical rock and fluid properties, formation mineralogy, and wellbore-image logging. In addition, for the completions-design strategy, microseismic measurement and image-log fracture matching and complex-fracture modeling software tools were used to define and model the growth of the stimulated fracture network during hydraulic-fracturing completions.
This paper presents an overview of “typical” previous completions and subsurface information collected before implementation of the new process in comparison to changes made to the drilling-and-completions designs used on three wells, as well as an overview of the types of information collected to supply the Earth model. Examples of the fracture matching and complex-fracture modeling for the wells help illustrate the design and optimization of hydraulic-fracturing treatments in a complex shale reservoir. Finally, a production-results comparison is presented to illustrate a significant increase to production of hydrocarbon through better reservoir understanding and drilling-and-completion designs.
Identification and Fine Mapping of a Soybean Seed Protein QTL from PI 407788A on Chromosome 15
Authors: Kim Myungsik , Schultz Sarah , Nelson Randall L. , Diers Brian W. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is grown primarily as a source of protein and oil. The objectives of this study were to identify soybean seed protein quantitative trait loci (QTL) from the high protein line PI 407788A and to fine map an important QTL for protein on chromosome (chr) 15. The mapping was done in a population of inbred lines developed with one backcross (BC1) using Williams 82 as a recurrent parent and the high protein source PI 407788A as a donor parent. The population was evaluated with genetic markers and for seed protein and oil concentrations in three Illinois locations in 2005 and 2006. The location of the major protein QTL on chr 15 was fine mapped by evaluating six families of lines segregating for sections of the QTL interval in Illinois during 2008. Genetic marker analysis of the BC1 population revealed the locations of significant protein and oil QTL on chr 20 and 15 within regions where QTL for these traits were previously mapped. Fine mapping of the chr 15 QTL placed it in a 535 kb interval between BARCSOYSSR_15_0161 and BARCSOYSSR_15_0194 based on the Glyma.Wm82.a2 assembly. This fine mapping information will be useful in marker‐assisted selection and efforts to clone the QTL.
Projets, arrangements et controverses sur la ligne de démarcation à Beyrouth
Authors: Farah Jihad 
Published: November 2015

Les lignes de démarcation maintiennent une place structurante dans les représentations et donc la pratique et les stratégies des acteurs de villes postconflit. Dans cet article, à la lumière de plusieurs années d’observations in situ , nous proposons une analyse de projets urbains envisagés ou implantés depuis la guerre sur cette ligne. Nous y prêtons attention aux arrangements et controverses entre acteurs des différents projets. Cette lecture à partir de l’action nous a permis de remettre en question la conception monolithique de la ligne de démarcation comme espace « miroitant » la polarisation communautaire. Le panorama des projets, arrangements et controverses invite à être sensible aux temporalités et aux cadres de gouvernance existants pour saisir des dynamiques de territorialisation en construction à l’échelle métropolitaine. Les arrangements localisés autour d’éléments physiques et cognitifs semblent porter souvent leurs fruits. Reste qu’ils peuvent être assez fragiles et instables dans un contexte connaissant d’importants changements dynamiques comme celui de la reconstruction. Le communautarisme n’est qu’un levier parmi d’autres, mobilisé parfois par certains acteurs pour assurer des arrangements ou les briser. La ligne de démarcation n’est pas un espace qu’on peut transcender en l’oubliant ou le déniant. Elle est peut-être, comme le suggèrent certains, l’espace de la « guerre à venir », mais elle est certainement un espace laboratoire où on peut observer les dynamiques de la « ville à venir ».
Déplacés de guerre et dynamiques territoriales postconflit au Mozambique
Authors: Vivet Jeanne 
Published: November 2015

Cet article analyse à plusieurs échelles des dynamiques territoriales postconflit liées à l’urbanisation accélérée du Mozambique et de sa capitale, Maputo, pendant la guerre civile (1976-1992) qui opposait la Renamo (Résistance nationale du Mozambique) au Frelimo (Front de libération du Mozambique). Les mobilités forcées transforment et recomposent les liens des hommes à leur territoire d’origine et à leur territoire de refuge et génèrent des dynamiques territoriales spécifiques. Des centaines de milliers de déplacés se sont installés dans ces villes « refuges », y construisant des maisons en matériaux précaires. Leur présence en ville a alors été tolérée, mais considérée comme temporaire. Malgré le souhait des autorités et de la communauté internationale que ces déplacés reviennent dans leurs zones d’origine, la majorité de ceux qui avaient trouvé refuge à Maputo s’y est installée durablement, produisant de nouveaux territoires dans des espaces délaissés de Maputo (zones inconstructibles ou inondables, décharges, etc.). Depuis la fin de la guerre, la libéralisation économique et l’ouverture aux capitaux étrangers, Maputo concentre les investissements étrangers dans un contexte de forte croissance économique. Les terrains urbanisés pendant la guerre, situés à proximité du bord de mer, sont devenus très attractifs pour les promoteurs immobiliers qui souhaitent développer de nouveaux quartiers à destination des élites. Les anciens déplacés redeviennent alors, dans ce nouveau contexte, des populations indésirables et se retrouvent relégués en périphérie.
Les tribulations du dispositif Désarmement, démobilisation et réinsertion des miliciens en Côte d’Ivoire (2003-2015)
Authors: Chelpi-den Hamer Magali 
Published: November 2015

Cette contribution propose une réflexion sur le dispositif postconflit en appui à la démilitarisation, mis en place en Côte d’Ivoire dans les années 2000, quand le pays était encore coupé en deux, et qui a été ravivé après la crise postélectorale de 2010- 2011. Il y a une certaine tendance à postuler que de tels dispositifs sont imposés « d’en haut » par la diplomatie internationale : le premier document mentionnant la question du DDR dans la crise ivoirienne et proposant une feuille de route a été l’accord de Linas-Marcoussis du 23 janvier 2003 qui réunissait, en France et sur initiative française, les principales parties au conflit. Pourtant, ce qui ressort de manière frappante du cas ivoirien lorsqu’on adopte une approche diachronique est que le modus operandi du processus de démilitarisation, son chronogramme et ses temps de blocage/ déblocage ont largement été décidés par les belligérants principaux, rendant caduc tout postulat de manipulation exclusive « du haut ». Cette contribution apporte ainsi un éclairage sur les tribulations du processus de démilitarisation ivoirien par une attention particulière aux différences éventuelles de traitement observées selon les catégories de combattants.
Luis Mariano, passeur de frontières et Esparisien
Authors: Tétart Philippe 
Published: November 2015

Selon le mot d’Yves Borowice, Luis Mariano fait partie des métèques de la chanson française : des interprètes d’origine étrangère mais totalement intégrés au patrimoine national. Reste que son espagnolité a été l’outil de sa distinction dans le paysage musical et le principal ressort de son adoption par le public français à partir de la fin des années 1940. Entre 1945 et le début des années 1970, le chanteur et les médias instrumentalisent son identité espagnolisante – plutôt que proprement espagnole. Elle constitue le socle de son succès. Cependant, loin des représentations réductrices et stéréotypées, Luis Mariano entretient ce succès en jouant d’une identité toujours plus métissée, façonnée par la référence à l’Espagne, mais aussi à Paris et à des horizons plus exotiques (latino-américain en particulier). Citoyen du monde par goût et par stratégie, il devient une figure d’autant plus fuyante. On doit alors le voir, avant tout, comme un passeur de frontières qui, au final, appartient de la façon la plus complète qui soit aux différentes communautés auxquelles il s’adresse – ce en quoi, en définitive, il est bien aussi français qu’espagnol et personnifie pleinement l’image positive d’un exilé d’adoption, d’un Esparisien.