bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions to support and develop clinician-researcher leadership in one health district
Authors: Fry Margaret , Dombkins Anthony 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Clinical leadership, researcher capacity and a culture of clinical inquiry are needed in the clinical workforce. The purpose of this paper is to report on a program which was used to develop and support clinicians to explore practice, implement innovation, translate evidence and build researcher capacity.

Design/methodology/approach
This pragmatic paper presents a case study of a nursing and midwifery clinician-researcher development program. The multi-site, multi-modal program focused on education, mentoring and support, communication networks, and clinician-university partnerships strategies to build workforce capacity and leadership.

Findings
Over 2,000 staff have been involved in the program representing a range of health disciplines. The study day program has been delivered to 500 participants with master classes having over 1,500 attendees. The research mentor program has demonstrated that participants increased their confidence for research leadership roles and are pursuing research and quality assurance projects. Communication strategies improved the visibility of nursing and midwifery.

Research limitations/implications
This case study was conducted in one health district, which may not have relevance to other geographical areas. The small numbers involved in the research mentor program need to be considered when reviewing the findings.

Practical implications
The program has been a catalyst for developing a research culture, clinical leadership and research networks that strengthen workforce capacity. Building researcher skills in the workforce will better support quality healthcare and the examination of everyday practice.

Social implications
Building a culture of healthcare that is based on inquiry and evidence-based practice will lead to more appropriate and consistent healthcare delivery. Consumers have the right to expect health clinicians will challenge everyday practice and have the skills and capability to translate or generate best evidence to underpin professional and service delivery.

Originality/value
This paper provides strategies for building workforce researcher capacity and capability. The program provides opportunity for building research networks and role modeling the value and importance of research to practice and quality improvement.
Satisfaction of tuberculosis patients with health services in Ghana
Authors: Bonsu Frank , Afutu Felix , Hanson-Nortey Nii Nortey , Ahiabu Mary-Anne , Amo-Adjei Joshua 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Within human services, client satisfaction is highly prioritised and considered a mark of responsiveness in service delivery. A large body of research has examined the concept of satisfaction from the perspective of service users. However, not much is known about how service providers construct client satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to throw light on healthcare professionals’ perspectives on patient satisfaction, using tuberculosis (TB) clinics as a case study.

Design/methodology/approach
In-depth interviews were conducted with 35 TB clinic supervisors purposively sampled from six out of the ten regions of Ghana. An unstructured interview guide was employed. The recorded IDIs were transcribed, edited and entered into QSR NVivo 10.0 and analysed inductively.

Findings
Respondents defined service satisfaction as involving education/counselling (on drugs, nature of condition, sputum production, caregivers and contacts of patients), patient follow-up, assignment of reliable treatment supporters as well as being attentive and receptive to patients, service availability (e.g. punctuality at work, availability of commodities), positive assurances about disease prognosis and respect for patients.

Practical implications
Complementing opinions of health service users with those of providers can offer key performance improvement areas for health managers.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is a first study that has examined healthcare providers’ views on what makes their clients satisfied with the services they provide.
Adjusting patients streaming initiated by a wait time threshold in emergency department for minimizing opportunity cost
Authors: Kim Byungjoon B.J. , Delbridge Theodore R. , Kendrick Dawn B. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTwo different systems for streaming patients were considered to improve efficiency measures such as waiting times (WTs) and length of stay (LOS) for a current emergency department (ED). A typical fast track area (FTA) and a fast track with a wait time threshold (FTW) were designed and compared effectiveness measures from the perspective of total opportunity cost of all patients’ WTs in the ED. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis retrospective case study used computerized ED patient arrival to discharge time logs (between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010) to build computer simulation models for the FTA and fast track with wait time threshold systems. Various wait time thresholds were applied to stream different acuity-level patients. National average wait time for each acuity level was considered as a threshold to stream patients.FindingsThe fast track with a wait time threshold (FTW) showed a statistically significant shorter total wait time than the current system or a typical FTA system. The patient streaming management would improve the service quality of the ED as well as patients’ opportunity costs by reducing the total LOS in the ED.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study were based on computer simulation models with some assumptions such as no transfer times between processes, an arrival distribution of patients, and no deviation of flow pattern.Practical implicationsWhen the streaming of patient flow can be managed based on the wait time before being seen by a physician, it is possible for patients to see a physician within a tolerable wait time, which would result in less crowded in the ED.Originality/valueA new streaming scheme of patients’ flow may improve the performance of fast track system.
The impact on mental and physical health of human rights as they relate to gender and sexual minority adolescents and emerging adults
Authors: Tellier Pierre-Paul 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the human rights issues pertinent to adolescents of diverse sexual orientation and gender identities and the health consequences resulting for the transgression of these rights. In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution endorsing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Yet, 73 member states criminalize the activities of these individuals. The other member states do not impose legal penalties on these activities, yet sexual and gender minority youth within these states continue to experience acts of physical and psychological aggression.Design/methodology/approachA commissioned position paper grounded in a convenient scholarly literature review on this topic.FindingsHuman rights transgressions by states or individuals lead to minority stress affecting the mental health and physical health of these youth.Originality/valueThe author makes a number of recommendations to address some of the impact resulting from the transgression of human rights in the world.
Youth violence and mental health: repeating exposures
Authors: Oscós-Sánchez Manuel Ángel 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discover and describe salient repeating and less common features of the recent medical literature about youth violence as it relates to mental health. How the relationship between youth violence and mental health is commonly conceptualized, investigated, and reported is summarized. Negative cases, unique approaches, and concepts are discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
An Ovid Medline literature search was conducted with the search parameters of “adolescent and violence” and “psychiatry or psychology or mental health.” In total, 66 articles met inclusion criteria and were analyzed using grounded theory procedures and techniques.

Findings
In all, 49 articles were reports of original research, 14 were literature reviews, and three were editorials. The articles included discussions of youth violence and mental health among young people in 49 countries. Most original research used cross-sectional designs that tested and supported the core hypothesis that greater exposure to violence is associated with more mental health issues. The relationship is robust even though characterizations of “exposure to violence” and “mental health” were highly variable. Meta-analytic and intervention studies were rare.

Originality/value
The core feature of the last decade of medical research has been the repeated testing and confirmation that a relationship between exposure to violence and mental health exists. Future youth violence research should move beyond continuing to test this hypothesis with cross-sectional study designs.
Re-uniting families in the chaos of the refugee crisis: medico-legal assessment of unaccompanied refugee minors in the Calais Jungle (mental health and legal perspectives)
Authors: Ellis Jacob , Fairweather Susannah , Scott Mark , Griffiths Laura 
Published: June 2017

PurposeIn total, 90,000 of the 1.26 million people applying for asylum in the EU in 2015 were unaccompanied children. The Dublin III Regulations provided a unique legal situation where unaccompanied young people in the Calais Jungle potentially had the right to be reunited with family in the UK. The purpose of this paper is to explore the substantial challenges presented by carrying out medico-legal assessment of this group in the Calais Jungle.Design/methodology/approachThe authors consider the refugee crisis from a mental health and legal perspective. The authors provide two case examples to contextualise and describe the work. The authors draw from the observations and the literature to discuss the impact of living in the Calais Jungle on young people, the challenges the authors overcame to carry out the assessments and the needs of refugees following settling in the UK.FindingsThe authors conclude that the Calais Jungle was a toxic environment not suitable for young refugees’ continued emotional development or recovery from trauma. The current legal process to relocate a young person to the UK is time consuming and labour intensive. The authors note that these concerns are not unique to the Jungle, nor have they ended with its demolition. The difficulties young refugees face with mental illness continues following their arrival to the UK.Originality/valueThis was the first successful attempt since the Dublin III Regulations to seek a legal route to bring unaccompanied refugee minors from France to the UK. This paper was co-written by both the legal and mental health professionals involved in the cases providing a broad opinion across both disciplines.
The impact of cash transfer programs on Brazilian’s well-being
Authors: Bagolin Izete Pengo 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate if there is any evidence of differentials in the well-being achievements of two groups which will be called the “artificially” and the “truly” not poor; and second, to test the hypothesis that income from work is a better entitlement than income received from social programs.

Design/methodology/approach
The author used data from the 2008 Brazilian Household Budget Survey and selected two groups. Both groups are composed of people living between the absolute and the relative poverty line. The group that is living above the absolute poverty line only due to cash transfer programs will be considered the “artificially” not poor. And people who are out of absolute poverty but not receiving any help from social program are considered the “truly” (and not absolutely) poor. The hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results support the hypothesis that people who are not receiving income from cash transfer programs achieve a higher level of well-being in the dimensions of housing and food. Food and housing capabilities affect each other and such result reinforces the multidimensionality of the Brazilian poverty.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitations refers to the restrict number of dimensions and to the necessity to adapt the indicators available to answer the paper objectives.

Practical implications
The paper results can help the policy makers to better understand the cash transfer programs attainment and boundaries.

Social implications
The paper results highlight that the cash transfer programs, even being useful to improve people well-being, are not sufficient to promote human capabilities and are not truly undertaking the multidimensional deprivations of the poor.

Originality/value
The paper compares two groups of people living with identical amount of income acquired from different origins.
Sisyphean Dilemmas of Development: Contrasting Urban Infrastructure and Fiscal Policy Trends in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Carolini Gabriella Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn sub‐Saharan African (SSA) cities like Maputo, land commodification is predictably fueled by plans for aspirational infrastructure serving elites. What is rather more peculiar, however, is the way in which the promotion of some fiscal policy reforms can also inadvertently support land commodification and the uneven development it (re)produces. This article describes how efforts to host both democratic fiscal reforms (via localized exercises like participatory budgeting) and to tap into international capital circuits to stir economic development (via aspirational infrastructure and urban redevelopment plans) can produce a Sisyphean dilemma. While gains in ordinary infrastructure investments (e.g. wells, water pumps) were achieved democratically in Maputo's KaTembe district with the participatory budget, these material (and political) improvements have been rendered irrelevant by better funded aspirational infrastructure projects for KaTembe (e.g. bridges, high‐rise residential buildings, tourist facilities) supported by more opaque decisions made by the national government without residential input. Given the wide embrace of participatory budgeting in contexts of weak democracy across SSA cities and elsewhere, Maputo's experience serves as a timely alert of the risks run when this popular exercise is prematurely promoted, especially when wider‐scaled property tax reforms could better redress uneven and undemocratic urban development.
Solanum Muricatum Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Wang Nan , Wang Feng , Gao Youshui , Zhou Zubin , Liu Wei , Pan Chenhao , Yin Peipei , Tang Mingjie , Yu Xiaowei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSolanum muricatum (SM), also known as pepino, is known for its antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SM extract in promoting osteogenic differentiation and regulating the Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways. Ingredients of pepino were extracted and identified. SM extracts were used to treat rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), followed by evaluating alkaline phosphatase activities and mineralization levels. The mRNA levels of osteogenic biomarkers, including OPN and Collagen I, were also evaluated with real‐time polymerase chain reaction. After treatment with SM extracts, the expressions of key proteins in the Wnt and BMP signaling pathways were assessed. DKK‐1 and noggin, which are Wnt and BMP inhibitors, respectively, were added with SM extracts to investigate the role of Wnt and BMP pathways in the ameliorating effects of SM extract in osteogenesis. Treatment of BMSCs with SM extract promoted osteogenesis. Meanwhile, upregulations in the Wnt and BMP pathways were also observed. However, inhibiting both pathways compromised the effects of SM extract in promoting osteogenic differentiation. SM extract promotes osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs via promoting the Wnt and BMP signaling pathways.
Do patients with iron deficiency without anemia benefit from an endoscopic examination?
Authors: García García de Paredes Ana , Teruel Sánchez‐Vegazo Carlos , Hernanz Ruiz Nerea , Ferre Aracil Carlos , Rodríguez de Santiago Enrique , Aguilera Castro Lara , Sierra Morales María , Albillos Agustín 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEThe need for endoscopic investigation in patients with iron deficiency without anemia (ID) is not established.METHODSData from patients with ID (serum ferritin ≤20 ng/mL, normal hemoglobin) studied with upper and lower endoscopies were retrospectively analyzed. Patients evaluated for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) served as controls, matched by sex and age in the proportion of 2:1. The groups were compared for the presence, type, location and age distribution of endoscopic findings.RESULTSAltogether 109 patients (55% women; mean age 59.6 ± 13.5 years; aged <50 years [27.5%]; 50–69 years [43.1%]; ≥70 years [29.4%]) were included in the ID group and 218 matched controls in the IDA group. Lesions were found in a similar proportion of patients (53.2% in the ID group vs 49.1% in the IDA group, P = 0.48) irrespective of age (P = 0.92). The colonoscopy diagnostic yield was low in both the ID and IDA subgroups of aged <50 years (6.3% vs 4.2%, P = 0.76). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.06) and male sex (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.18–4.39) with a positive colonoscopy. Malignancy was significantly less frequent in the ID group (1.8% vs 14.2%, P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of gastrointestinal lesions in patients with and without anemia was similar but malignancy was eight times less frequent in the ID group. Systematic endoscopic evaluation in patients with ID is therefore questionable.
Origin of Some Neo‐Proterozoic Ophiolites from Eastern Desert of Egypt: Geochemical Constraints
Authors: ABU ANBAR Mohamed Metwaly , YANG Jingsui 
Published: June 2017

The Neo‐Proterozoic ophiolites occur in the central and southern Eastern Desert along suture zone as dismembered masses in volcano‐sedimentary assemblages. The ophiolite component includes ultramafic rocks mainly serpentinites, mafic rocks, minor bodies of trondhjemite, sheeted dykes, metabasalts, and pillow lavas.The Present studies include two ophiolites in Central and southern eastern Desert named Mubarak – ElMayet and Ghadir respectively (Fig. 1). The first one named after wadi Mubarak and wadi ElMayet area (55 km north Marsa Alam city) and the second named after Wadi Ghadir (30 km south Marsa Alam city). The dismembered ophiolite components in Mubarak‐ElMayet mainly composed mainly of serpentinites, ophiolitic metagabbros, sheeted dykes and Pillow lavas. All components occur as thrusted blocks and sheets in metavolcano‐sedimentary assemblages (matrix). Gabbros sometimes occur as coarse grained gabbros (appenites) whereas pillows range in size from 30 cm to 1 m (Fig. 2a). The second ophiolite sequence expose in Wadi Ghadir and its tributary. It consists of serpentinized peridotites, layered gabbro, massive isotropic gabbro, fine grained gabbro, sheeted diabase dykes, pillowed basaltic lavas and minor plagiogranites. The serpentinized peridotites, metapyroxenites and serpentinites occur as allochthonous dismembered blocks, fragments and sheets in highly sheered metasediments and metavolcanics (mélange) (Fig. 2b,c). The massive and layered gabbros occur in the main wadi (Fig.2d, f) and in many places contain some veins and pockets from plagiogranites. The present gabbros intruded by syenogranites from the east. Pillow lavas occur between metasedimentary mélange and ophiolitic gabbros in wadi El Beda as tributary of Wadi Ghadir and sometimes occur as fragments in mélange. The pillows range in size from 40 cm to 1 m (Fig. 2f) and are mainly amygdaloidal and porphyritic basalt and spilite. Sheeted dykes cut the gabbros and pillow lavas in the Wadi El Beda and composed mainly from diabase (Fig. 2 g, h).In the present study, 47 samples for major, trace and REE elements from different rock types in Mubarak‐ El Mayet (18 samples) and Ghadir ophiolite (29 samples) were analyzed. The field work and the geochemical data will discussed in the present work to evaluate the tectonic setting, origin and mantle source for two ophiolite suites.
Diamonds, Super‐Reduced and Crustal Minerals in Chromitites of the Hegenshan and Sartohay Ophiolites, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, China
Authors: ROBINSON Paul T. , YANG Jingsui , TIAN Yazhou , ZHU Huang 
Published: June 2017

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is a huge tectonic mélange that lies between the North China Craton and the Siberian Block. It is composed of multiple orogenic belts, continental fragments, magmatic and metamorphic rocks, suture zones and discontinuous ophiolite belts. Although the Hegenshan and Sartohay ophiolites are separated by nearly 3000 km and lie in completely different parts of the CAOB, they are remarkably similar in many respects. Both are composed mainly of serpentinized peridotite and dunite, with minor gabbro and sparse basalt. They both host significant podiform chromitites that consist of high‐Al, refractory magnesiochromite with Cr#s [100Cr/(Cr+Al)] averaging >60. The Sartohay ophiolite has a zircon U‐Pb age of ca. 300 Ma and has been intruded by granitic plutons of similar age, resulting in intense hydrothermal activity and the formation of gold‐bearing listwanites. The age of the Hegenshan is not firmly established but is thought to have formed in the Carboniferous.Like many other ophiolites that we have investigated in other orogenic belts, the chromitites in these two bodies have abundant diamonds, as well as numerous super‐reduced and crustal minerals. The diamonds are mostly, colorless to pale yellow, 200–300 μm across and have euhedral to anhedral shapes. They all have low carbon isotopes (δ14C = −18 to −29) and some have visible inclusions. These are accompanied by numerous super‐reduced minerals such as moissanite, native elements (Fe, Cr, Si, Al, Mn), and alloys (e.g., Ni‐Mn‐Fe, Ni‐Fe‐Al, Ni‐Mn‐Co, Cr‐Ni‐Fe, Cr‐Fe, Cr‐Fe‐Mn), as well as a wide range of oxides, sulfides and silicates. Grains of zircon are abundant in the chromitites of both ophiolites and range in age from Precambrian to Cretaceous, reflecting both incorporation of old zircons and modification of grains by hydrothermal alteration.Our investigation confirms that high‐Al, refractory chromitites in these two ophiolites have the same range of exotic minerals as high‐Cr metallurgical chromitites such as those in the Luobusa ophiolite of Tibet. These collections of exotic minerals in ophiolitic chromitites indicate complex, multi‐stage recycling of oceanic and continental crustal material at least to the mantle transition zone, followed by uprise and emplacement of the peridotites into relatively shallow ophiolites.