bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene hillslope evolution through extreme rainfall induced landslides in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Geochronology and paleoenvironmental evidence
Authors: Facadio Ana Carolina , Coelho Netto Ana Luiza , Macario Kita Damasio , Ishimine Karoline Mayume , Barth Ortrud Monika , Jou Renata 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGeomorphological, geochronological and paleoenvironmental data were integrated to examine how Holocene environmental changes have influenced geomorphic responses, particularly recurrent landslides and colluvial deposition on the steep slopes of the Rio de Janeiro mountains. This study focuses on a pilot hillslope (32°) with a concave‐up topographic hollow and associated shallow translational landslides, enhancing our understanding of how extreme climatic events shaped landscape evolution in the region prior to significant human impact. Recently, the hillslope was reactivated by a shallow landslide triggered by the extreme rainfall event of January 2011, which resulted in over 3600 landslides in the region. Subsequent deep gullying exposed a deposit (>3 m) containing buried, organic‐rich colluvial layers. Comprehensive analysis was conducted on sedimentological, geochronological (AMS 14C), palynological, taphonomic and carbon isotope (δ13C) data from this deposit. The geochronological results indicate that the hillslope's evolution involves recurrent shallow translational landslides throughout the Holocene, with organic colluvial layers dating from 10 148 cal years BP at the base to 663 cal years BP at the top. Charcoal fragments of various sizes suggest frequent paleofires during the Holocene. Palynological and taphonomic analyses reveal post‐fire herbaceous‐shrubby vegetation and ferns (Asteraceae, Poaceae, Alchornea, Baccharis, Celtis and Polypodium), with predominant pollen grains and spores showing mechanical damage indicative of high transport energy and physical stress conditions. The rarefied post‐fire vegetation and pioneer forest genera identified in the deposit are associated with a hydrological and mechanical dynamics that likely created less stable conditions on the slope system, promoting the occurrence of shallow landslides throughout the Holocene.
A combined DTI‐fMRI approach for optimizing the delineation of posteromedial versus anterolateral entorhinal cortex
Authors: Syversen Ingrid Framås , Reznik Daniel , Witter Menno P. , Kobro‐Flatmoen Asgeir , Navarro Schröder Tobias , Doeller Christian F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the entorhinal cortex (EC), attempts have been made to identify the human homologue regions of the medial (MEC) and lateral (LEC) subregions using either functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, there are still discrepancies between entorhinal subdivisions depending on the choice of connectivity seed regions and the imaging modality used. While DTI can be used to follow the white matter tracts of the brain, fMRI can identify functionally connected brain regions. In this study, we used both DTI and resting‐state fMRI in 103 healthy adults to investigate both structural and functional connectivity between the EC and associated cortical brain regions. Differential connectivity with these regions was then used to predict the locations of the human homologues of MEC and LEC. Our results from combining DTI and fMRI support a subdivision into posteromedial (pmEC) and anterolateral (alEC) EC and reveal a confined border between the pmEC and alEC. Furthermore, the EC subregions obtained by either imaging modality showed similar distinct whole‐brain connectivity profiles. Optimizing the delineation of the human homologues of MEC and LEC with a combined, cross‐validated DTI‐fMRI approach allows to define a likely border between the two subdivisions and has implications for both cognitive and translational neuroscience research.
Postmarketing adverse events of tamoxifen in male and female patients with breast cancer
Authors: Ke Chengjie , Chen Maohua , Lin Li , Huang Yaping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTamoxifen (TAM), a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, has received approval for use in patients with breast cancer (BC) exhibiting positive ER expression. Given the widespread clinical use of TAM, a comprehensive real‐world study of its adverse events (AEs) is warranted. The database for analysis, sourced from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), covers the period from the first quarter of 2014 to the third quarter of 2023. A disproportionality analysis was conducted to quantify the correlation between TAM and AEs. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify differences between BC AEs in males and females receiving TAM, aiming to assess the risk factors of male BC AEs. Total 4890 reports indicated BC, with 91 and 4190 specifically linked to AEs in male and female patients with BC, respectively. Male‐specific AE was libido decreased (reporting odds ratio [ROR]: 43.33), and female‐specific AE was uterine disease, including sarcoma uterus (ROR: 519.51), endometrial cancer (ROR: 131.26), uterine polyp (ROR: 40.83), endometriosis (ROR: 11.39), among others. A notably higher risk of AEs in male patients with BC was observed in individuals aged >65 years (χ2 = 20.83, p < .001). Male patients with BC had a relatively higher risk of hospitalization (χ2 = 4.83, p = .03) and a lower risk of deaths (χ2 = 5.32, p = .02). Theses finding may assist healthcare professionals in recognizing the TAM‐associated AEs and understanding gender differences, potentially improving safety in clinical applications.
ConvNext Mixer‐Based Encoder Decoder Method for Nuclei Segmentation in Histopathology Images
Authors: Firat Hüseyin , Üzen Hüseyin , Hanbay Davut , Şengür Abdulkadir 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHistopathology, vital in diagnosing medical conditions, especially in cancer research, relies on analyzing histopathology images (HIs). Nuclei segmentation, a key task, involves precisely identifying cell nuclei boundaries. Manual segmentation by pathologists is time‐consuming, prompting the need for robust automated methods. Challenges in segmentation arise from HI complexities, necessitating advanced techniques. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have transformed nuclei segmentation. This study emphasizes feature extraction, introducing the ConvNext Mixer‐based Encoder‐Decoder (CNM‐ED) model. Unlike traditional CNN based models, the proposed CNM‐ED model enables the extraction of spatial and long context features to address the inherent complexities of histopathology images. This method leverages a multi‐path strategy using a traditional CNN architecture as well as different paths focused on obtaining customized long context features using the ConvNext Mixer block structure that combines ConvMixer and ConvNext blocks. The fusion of these diverse features in the final segmentation output enables improved accuracy and performance, surpassing existing state‐of‐the‐art segmentation models. Moreover, our multi‐level feature extraction strategy is more effective than models using self‐attention mechanisms such as SwinUnet and TransUnet, which have been frequently used in recent years. Experimental studies were conducted using five different datasets (TNBC, MoNuSeg, CoNSeP, CPM17, and CryoNuSeg) to analyze the performance of the proposed CNM‐ED model. Comparisons were made with various CNN based models in the literature using evaluation metrics such as accuracy, AJI, macro F1 score, macro intersection over union, macro precision, and macro recall. It was observed that the proposed CNM‐ED model achieved highly successful results across all metrics. Through comparisons with state‐art‐of models from the literature, the proposed CNM‐ED model stands out as a promising advancement in nuclei segmentation, addressing the intricacies of histopathological images. The model demonstrates enhanced diagnostic capabilities and holds the potential for significant progress in medical research.
Capture of live circulating tumor cells via unique surface charges from cancer patients by a novel nanotechnology
Authors: Le Wenjun , Hu Shuyuan , Zhang Pengbo , Wang Yanqi , Hu Yihui , Cui Zheng , Chen Bingdi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) serve as a pivotal foundation for both fundamental oncological research and the precise evaluation of therapeutic interventions. However, the isolation of CTCs from clinical blood samples presents a multitude of sophisticated challenges, predominantly associated with the specificity of biomarkers and the sensitivity of detection techniques. In our previous study, we proposed a novel detection concept for CTCs based on a signature biophysical feature on the surface of cancer cells: a negative charge regulated by glycolytic processes. In this study, we have conducted experiments to ascertain the efficacy of this proposed method in capturing CTCs from clinical blood samples of individuals afflicted with solid tumors and leukemia. Our findings indicate that the method is capable of isolating tens of thousands of viable cancer cells from various metastatic solid cancers and leukemia using a mere 1 mL of blood. These cells were enumerated using cytological imaging that identified morphological characteristics indicative of malignancy. The outcomes of our study suggest that the negatively charged surface of cancer cells is a ubiquitous trait across both cultured cancer cell lines and fresh blood samples derived from cancer patients. Moreover, the capture technology employed in this study demonstrated superior performance in comparison to antecedent methodologies, enhancing the detection and documentation of CTCs for subsequent verification and analysis. This advancement holds significant promise for the improvement of diagnostic accuracy and the monitoring of therapeutic responses in oncology.
The protective effects of esculetin against Doxorubicin‐Induced hepatotoxicity in rats: Insights into the modulation of Caspase, FOXOs, and heat shock protein pathways
Authors: Kizir Duygu , Yeşilkent Esra Nur , Öztürk Neslihan , Karağaç Medine Sibel , Isıyel Murat , Tosun Hilal , Karadaş Habibe , Ceylan Hamid , Karaman Melike , Demir Yeliz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic widely employed to treat carcinoma. Nevertheless, severe cardiotoxic side effects restrict its clinical use. Esculetin, a natural flavonoid, is found abundantly in plants. This study evaluated the protective effects of esculetin against DOX‐induced hepatotoxicity in rat livers. Forty‐eight rats were randomly divided into six groups with eight rats in each group: control (I), DOX (II), esculetin (III, 50 mg/kg), esculetin (IV, 100 mg/kg), DOX+esculetin 50 (V, DOX+esculetin 50 mg/kg), and DOX+esculetin 100 (VI, DOX+esculetin 100 mg/kg). The administration of esculetin effectively mitigated alterations in the measured biochemical parameters induced by DOX. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that esculetin treatment significantly reduced the DOX‐induced expression of Foxo1, Hspa1a, Hsp4a, Hsp5a, Casp3, and Casp9 while increasing the DOX‐induced expression of Foxo3. These findings suggest that esculetin, with its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects, might be a therapeutic option for protecting against DOX‐induced hepatotoxicity.
Serum Procalcitonin, Hematology Parameters, and Cell Morphology in Multiple Clinical Conditions and Sepsis
Authors: Feng Pingfeng , He Yongjian , Guan Ping , Duan Chaohui , Huang Junjie , Chai Zhixin , Wang Jingjing , Zheng Huifei , Luo Junxu , Shi Yuhuan , Li Xin , Huang Huayi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe clinical value of procalcitonin (PCT) in infection diagnosis and antibiotic stewardship is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum PCT and different clinical conditions as well as other infectious/inflammatory parameters in different septic patients in order to elucidate the value of PCT detection in infection management.MethodsChemiluminescence immunoassay was used for serum PCT analysis. Hematology analysis was used for complete blood cell count. Digital automated cell morphology analysis was used for blood cell morphology examination. Blood, urine, and stool cultures were performed according to routine clinical laboratory standard operating procedures. C‐reactive protein (CRP) was analyzed by immunoturbidimetry. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate test was performed using natural sedimentation methods.ResultsOutpatients, ICU patients, and patients under 2 years of age with respiratory infections had higher serum PCT levels. Septic patients had the highest‐serum PCT levels and other infection indexes. PCT levels in the blood, urine, and stool culture‐positive patients were significantly higher than in culture‐negative patients. The neutrophil granulation and reactive lymphocytes were observed together with the PCT‐level increments in different septic patients, and these alterations were lessened after treatment. There was no significant change in monocyte morphology between pre‐ and posttreatment septic patients.ConclusionsSerum PCT is associated with neutrophil cytotoxicity and lymphocyte morphology changes in sepsis; thus, the combination of neutrophil and lymphocyte digital cell morphology evaluations with PCT detection may be a useful examination for guiding the clinical management of sepsis.
Enhancing properties of PSF membrane via a simple two‐step coating of PDA and PVP for separating oil/water emulsions
Authors: Roslan Rosyiela Azwa , Lau Woei Jye , Mohd Nawi Nadiene Salleha , Nxumalo Edward Ndumiso , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundHydrophilic modification is a promising method to inhibit fouling formation on ultrafiltration membranes. Many relevant studies have been documented; however, most of these methods are either overly intricate or require costly chemicals, thus constraining their practical utility. In this work, we proposed a straightforward approach to modify a commercial polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane via a two‐step coating process involving polydopamine (PDA) followed by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The influences of PVP molecular weight and concentration on the surface properties of the membrane were studied for oil/water emulsion treatment.ResultsDespite the fact that the introduction of a PVP layer adversely impacted the pure water permeability of the commercial membrane, its water flux during oil/water emulsion treatment was improved due to its improved antifouling properties, which can be attributed to a lower water contact angle. It was found that increasing the PVP concentration in the coating solution could improve the water flux and oil rejection during the treatment process. This enhancement is attributed to the augmented surface hydrophilicity combined with a reduction in membrane surface pore size. Additionally, the best‐performing PVP‐modified membrane exhibited significantly higher flux recovery rate, with its value for the second and third cycles at 89.4% and 80.4%, respectively, compared to the control membrane, which recorded 80.3% and 73.9%, respectively.ConclusionModifying a membrane surface with PDA/PVP coating has been proven to enhance the surface wettability and antifouling properties significantly. These modifications led to improved oil removal efficiencies, demonstrating superior performance in oil/water emulsion treatment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Evaluation of liver parenchyma with shear wave elastography in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug therapy
Authors: Tezcan Dilek , Özer Halil , Topaloğlu Ömer Faruk , Hakbilen Selda , Durmaz Mehmet Sedat , Yılmaz Sema , Öztürk Mehmet 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMethotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF) play fundamental roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment and require proper monitoring of side effects. Concerns about MTX/LEF‐related liver fibrosis (LF) in patients with RA remain unclear. This study investigated liver stiffness using two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) in RA patients undergoing disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. Moreover, 2D‐SWE was employed to evaluate the correlations between liver stiffness, cumulative MTX and LEF doses and risk factors for substantial LF.MethodsWe recruited 222 participants from the Department of Rheumatology. The participants were divided into healthy controls (n = 78) and patients with RA (n = 144). Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlations between liver stiffness and the cumulative dose of MTX/LEF and other clinical and laboratory variables.ResultsThe mean elasticity modulus was 4.79 ± 0.92 kPa, excluding the presence of significant fibrosis. Mean 2D‐SWE values were significantly lower in healthy controls than in RA treated with MTX and LEF. The cut‐off ≥3.8 kPa 2D‐SWE values with the sensitivity of 86.1%, specifity of 83.3%. 2D‐SWE values were not significantly different across the strata of the cumulative MTX subgroups.ConclusionsMTX and LEF increase liver stiffness but may be considered low risk for the development of LF.
Endoscopic appearances of gastric mucosa in different endoscopic models according to H. pylori infection status
Authors: Abdullah Jan Shinwari , Sayed Zekria Hashimi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundH. pylori infection has been recognized as a type 1 carcinogen of the gastric malignancy; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are the corner stone of eradication. Recent findings have also shown that atrophy and intestinal metaplasia remain after successful eradication, which moderately increases the risk of gastric cancer compared with those who have never infected, so the evaluation of gastric mucosa during gastroscopy is important.AimsWe aimed to describe and summarize the reliable literature and proposed features of H. pylori infection status and gastritis in research on newly developed endoscopic models that influence clinical practice. In the result, conventional white light endoscopic, image‐enhanced endoscopic models, and studies related to the Kyoto classification of gastritis were searched and reviewed.ResultsKyoto classification of gastritis and modified Kyoto classification scoring model for gastritis using conventional white light image (CWLI) endoscopy is an effective tool for evaluating current H. pylori infection status, past infections, eradications, noninfections, and pre‐cancerous conditions. This model is widely used, low cost, and time‐efficient, and is supported by recent findings. Advanced image‐enhanced endoscopic models combined with magnifying endoscopy provide more clear endoscopic features for H. pylori infection status and early gastric cancer.ConclusionAccording to H pylori infection status, endoscopic prediction of gastric mucosal surface architecture analysis is possible, which influences clinical management. Endoscopic models might lead us to accurate and early diagnose of H. pylori infection status and may not be effective only for the eradication of H. pylori infection but also in the detection of early gastric cancer status.
Computational Analysis of Interactions Between Drugs and Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Yildiz Muslum 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDrug molecules exist as complexed with serum proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA) and/or unbound free form in the blood circulation. Drugs can be effective only when they are free. Thus, it is important to understand aspects that are important for interaction between drugs and interacting proteins. In this study, interactions among 2990 FDA approved drugs and HSA were computational analyzed to unravel principles that are critical for drug‐HSA interactions. Docking results showed that drugs have higher affinity toward cavity‐1 (C1) than cavity‐2 (C2). A total of 1131 drug molecules have docking score greater than 60 while 768 molecules have docking score greater than 60 when they are docked in C2. In addition, three solvent channels have potential to direct solvent to C1 cavity while C2 does not have any effective channel. The post MD analyses demonstrated that drugs are making polar interactions with basic amino acids in the binding cavities. Verbscoside and ceftazidime both have stable low RMSD values throughout MD simulation with 2 Å on average in C1 cavity. The ligand RMSD shows less stability for verbscoside, which is around 4 Å when it is in complex with HSA in C1. The individual contribution of the residues K192, K196, R215, and R254 to ceftazidime are −1.92 ± 0.18, −3.09 ± 0.09, −2.17 ± 0.17, and − 2.32 ± 0.098, respectively. These residues contribute the binding energy of the verbscoside by −6.06 ± 0.08, −2.10 ± 0.06, and − 1.57 ± 0.03 kcal/mol individually in C1 cavity. C2 is making polar interactions with drug via R469, K472, and K488 residues and their contribution to the two drugs are −3.13 ± 0.21 kcal/mol for R469, −1.94 ± 0.18 kcal/mol for K472, and −1.96 ± 0.11 kcal/mol for K488 to total binding energy of ceftazidime. The binding energy of verbscoside is 57.17 ± 7.00 kcal/mol and Arg‐407 has the highest contribution this bind energy individually with −4.29 ± 0.12 kcal/mol. Drugs with hydrogen bond donor/acceptor chemical adducts such as verbscoside involve higher hydrogen bond formation in C1 pocket. Ceftazidime makes interaction with HSA toward hydrophobic residues, L384, L404, L487, and L488 in the C2 cavity.
Glymphatic System in Preterm Neonates: Developmental Insights Following Birth Asphyxia
Authors: Lin Shiwei , Lin Xiaoshan , Liang Qunjun , Chen Shengli , Zhang Yanyu , Li Ying , Dong Tianfa , Qiu Yingwei 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundBirth asphyxia (BA) and germinal matrix hemorrhage–intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH‐IVH) are common clinical events in preterm neonates. However, their effects on the glymphatic system (GS) development in preterm neonates remain arcane.PurposeTo evaluate the developmental trajectory of the GS, and to investigate the effects of BA and GMH‐IVH on GS function in preterm neonates.Study typeProspective.PopulationTwo independent datasets, prospectively acquired internal dataset (including 99 preterm neonates, 40 female, mean [standard deviation] gestational age (GA) at birth, 29.95 [2.63] weeks) and the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) dataset (including 81 preterm neonates, 29 female, median [interquartile range] GA at birth, 32.71 [4.28] weeks).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T MRI and diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo planar imaging sequence.AssessmentThe diffusion‐weighted images were preprocessed in volumetric space using the FMRIB Software Library and diffusion along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) index was accessed to evaluate GS function.Statistical TestsTwo sample t tests, one‐way analysis of variance followed by least‐significant difference (LSD) post hoc analysis, chi‐squared tests, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Significance level: P < 0.05.ResultsIn prospectively acquired internal dataset, preterm neonates with BA exhibited a significant lower DTI‐ALPS index than those without BA (0.98 ± 0.08 vs. 1.08 ± 0.07, T = −5.89); however, GMH‐IVH did not exert significant influences on the DTI‐ALPS index (P = 0.83 and 0.27). The DTI‐ALPS index increased significantly at postmenstrual age ranging from 25 to 34 weeks (r = 0.38) and then plateaued after 34 weeks (P = 0.35), which we also observed in the dHCP dataset.Data ConclusionBA rather than GMH‐IVH serves as the major influencing factor in the development of GS in preterm neonates. Moreover, as GS development follows a nonlinear trajectory, we recommend close monitoring of GS development in preterm neonates with a GA less than 34 weeks.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2