bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of [11C]TZ1964B and [18F]MNI659 for PET imaging brain PDE10A in nonhuman primates
Authors: Liu Hui , Jin Hongjun , Yue Xuyi , Han Junbin , Yang Hao , Flores Hubert , Su Yi , Alagille David , Perlmutter Joel S. , Tamagnan Gilles , Tu Zhude 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPhosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors show therapeutic effects for diseases with striatal pathology. PET radiotracers have been developed to quantify in vivo PDE10A levels and target engagement for therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to compare two potent and selective PDE10A radiotracers, [11C]TZ1964B and [18F]MNI659 in the nonhuman primate (NHP) brain. Double scans in the same cynomolgus monkey on the same day were performed after injection of [11C]TZ1964B and [18F]MNI659. Specific uptake was determined in two ways: nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated using cerebellum as the reference region and the PDE‐10A enriched striatum as the target region of interest (ROI); the area under the time–activity curve (AUC) for the striatum to cerebellum ratio was also calculated. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of solvent‐extracted NHP plasma identified the percentage of intact tracer versus radiolabeled metabolites samples post injection of each radiotracer. Both radiotracers showed high specific accumulation in NHP striatum. [11C]TZ1964B has higher striatal retention and lower specific striatal uptake than [18F]MNI659. The BPND estimates of [11C]TZ1964B were 3.72 by Logan Reference model (LoganREF) and 4.39 by simplified reference tissue model (SRTM); the BPND estimates for [18F]MNI659 were 5.08 (LoganREF) and 5.33 (SRTM). AUC ratios were 5.87 for [11C]TZ1964B and 7.60 for [18F]MNI659. Based on BPND values in NHP striatum, coefficients of variation were ~10% for [11C]TZ1964B and ~30% for [18F]MNI659. Moreover, the metabolism study showed the percentage of parent compounds were ~70% for [11C]TZ1964B and ~50% for [18F]MNI659 60 min post injection. These data indicate that either [11C]TZ1964B or [18F]MNI659 could serve as suitable PDE10A PET radiotracers with distinguishing features for particular clinical application.
An Activity‐Based Instructional Framework for Transforming Authentic Modeling Practices into Meaningful Contexts for Learning in Science Education
Authors: PRINS GJALT T. , BULTE ASTRID M. W. , PILOT ALBERT 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTOne of the challenges of science education is to integrate activities, content, and tools in a meaningful manner. One way to address this challenging goal is the transformation of authentic scientific practices into contexts for learning, in line with sociocultural activity theory. In this respect, authentic scientific practices are interpreted as the totality of human work situated in society. Within such authentic scientific practices, the activities, content, and tools are connected logically and the relevance is clear among its participants. This study presents an activity‐based instructional framework that assists educational designers in transforming authentic scientific practices for the population of students in science education. The activity‐based instructional framework has been dialectically constructed with the design and classroom enactment of a curriculum unit based on an authentic chemical modeling practice. The curriculum unit was developed through a participatory design process that took teachers’ expertise into account. The pedagogical decisions were abstracted in design guidelines. The curriculum unit was implemented multiple times in classroom to evaluate the design guidelines. Research data were collected by means of audio‐taped discussions, completed worksheets, and written questionnaires. The findings supported the potential of transforming authentic scientific practices to achieve meaningful science education.
Managerial response to constitutional constraints on shareholder power
Authors: Connelly Brian L. , Shi Wei , Zyung Jinyong 
Published: August 2016

Research summary: We examine whether top managers engage in misconduct, such as illegal insider trading, illegal stock option backdating, bribery, and financial manipulation, in response to the presence, or absence, of governance provisions that impose constitutional constraints on shareholder power. Within the agency framework, shareholders typically oppose governance provisions that limit their power because those provisions could undermine shareholder influence and increase agency costs. However, when shareholders support provisions that constrain their power, managers could respond positively by refraining from self‐interested behavior in the form of managerial misconduct. We find this to be especially true in industries where these governance provisions are particularly relevant to managers and in scenarios where CEOs do not also serve as board chair.Managerial summary: In recent years, shareholders have become central to organizations and the managers who run them. Shareholders and managers establish a rapport with one another, such that the behavior of one affects the behavior of the other. One of the most consequential decisions shareholders can make pertains to the reach of their influence: They can choose to impose strict governance over firms they own or they can allow for constitutional constraints that limit shareholder power. When they act in the mutual interest of managers by allowing such constraints, we find that managers respond in kind by refraining from bad behavior, such as illegal stock options backdating, insider trading, and financial manipulation. This is especially true in industries and scenarios in which shareholder pressure is most relevant to managers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear Dynamics and Electronic Eﬀects of Hydrogen on Solid Surfaces
Authors: Fukutani K. , Wilde M. , Ogura S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHydrogen is involved in a variety of chemical processes on surfaces. While hydrogen exhibits vibrational and rotational dynamics in its adsorption state, it in some cases undergoes diffusion into the substrate as well as on the surface, and participates in chemical reactions. Furthermore, hydrogen exchanges an electron with surfaces having a significant effect on the surface electronic structure. In this personal account, we review our recent studies on surface nuclear dynamics of hydrogen, hydrogen transport across surfaces, catalytic hydrogenation/isotope exchange reactions, and charge transfer between the surface and hydrogen by using a depth‐resolved technique of nuclear reaction analysis and a quantum‐state‐selective detection of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization in combination with surface science techniques. As a future prospect, we refer to ultraslow μ spin rotation spectroscopy for a direct probe of the hydrogen charge state at surfaces.
Quick and easy preparation method for Kampo formula decoctions (part 4): IPCD method for rhubarb and aconite root
Authors: Fueki Tsukasa , Chiba Koki , Makino Toshiaki , Matsuoka Takanori , Satou Tadaaki , Koike Kazuo , Tanaka Koichiro , Sumino Megumi , Namiki Takao 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAimThe immersing powdered crude drugs (IPCD) method has been developed as a quick, easy and high‐yielding method for preparing decoctions. Given that the extraction process is different from the conventional decoction method, the safety of this method should be carefully examined. In the present study, the amounts of the diester alkaloids of aconite root, the tuberous root of
Aconitum carmichaeli, and sennoside A of rhubarb, the rhizome of
Rheum palmatum, were determined in the IPCD immersion. Both of these compounds have strong physiological activities and have been suggested to be decomposed during the decoction process.MethodsThe amounts of marker compounds in the IPCD immersion prepared from processed or unprocessed aconite root or rhubarb were measured and compared with those prepared using the conventional decoction method.ResultsThe amount of sennoside A extracted with the IPCD method was 1.1‐fold increased compared with that from the conventional method. No diester alkaloids were detected in the IPCD immersion prepared from processed aconite root, whereas for unprocessed aconite root, the amount of diester alkaloids extracted from the IPCD immersion was 8.8‐fold higher than that from the conventional decoctions.ConclusionThe IPCD method can be safely used on rhubarb or well‐processed aconite root under the same conditions as other less‐powerful crude drugs, whereas precautions are required for unprocessed aconite root.
Prediction of stillbirth from biochemical and biophysical markers at 11–13 weeks
Authors: Mastrodima S. , Akolekar R. , Yerlikaya G. , Tzelepis T. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo develop a model for the prediction of stillbirth that is based on a combination of maternal characteristics and medical history with first‐trimester biochemical and biophysical markers and to evaluate the performance of screening with this model for all stillbirths and those due to impaired placentation and unexplained causes.MethodsThis was a prospective screening study of 76 897 singleton pregnancies, including 76 629 live births and 268 (0.35%) antepartum stillbirths; 157 (59%) were secondary to impaired placentation and 111 (41%) were due to other or unexplained causes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine if there was a significant contribution to prediction of stillbirth from the maternal factor‐derived a‐priori risk, fetal nuchal translucency thickness, ductus venosus pulsatility index for veins (DV‐PIV), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) and maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A). The significant contributors were used to derive a model for first‐trimester prediction of stillbirth.ResultsSignificant contribution to prediction of stillbirth was provided by maternal factors, PAPP‐A, UtA‐PI and DV‐PIV. A model combining these variables predicted 40% of all stillbirths and 55% of those due to impaired placentation, at a false‐positive rate of 10%. Within the impaired‐placentation group, the detection rate of stillbirth < 32 weeks' gestation was higher than that of stillbirth ≥ 37 weeks (64% vs 42%).ConclusionsA model based on maternal factors and first‐trimester biomarkers can potentially predict more than half of subsequent stillbirths that occur due to impaired placentation. The extent to which such stillbirths could be prevented remains to be determined. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Intramolecular Cyclization of Butadiyne Functionalized Ligands coordinated to Triosmium‐Carbonyl Cluster
Authors: Arnanz Avelina , Medina Rosa‐María , Macazaga María‐José , Moreno Consuelo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractReactions between diynes and [Os3(CO)11(CH3CN)] in the presence of water give rise to the formation of intriguing hydride triosmium clusters [Os3(μ‐H)(CO)9{μ3,η1:η3:η1‐RC2COHC≡CR}] (1a–1c) under mild conditions in high yields. When these allylic alcohol compounds 1a–1c are dissolved in dry polar and donor solvents, an intramolecular cyclization process takes place to give [Os3(μ‐H)(CO)9{μ3,η1:η3:η1‐RC2CH=COCR}] (2a–2c) in quantitative yield. The utilization of [Os3(CO)11(CH3CN)] as starting material together with the addition of water can replace the inconvenient use of [Os3(μ‐H)2(CO)10]. This method of synthesis provides a facile pathway for diyne cyclizations and has a clear advantage over those described to date in the literature. Additionally, the analogous cyclized mixed‐metal complex [Os3(μ‐H)(CO)9{μ3,η1:η3:η1‐FcC2CH=COCFc}] (2d) (Fc = ferrocenyl), was synthesized in order to carry out a comparative electrochemical study with the related compounds [Os3(CO)11(μ3‐FcC4Fc)] (I) and [Os3(CO)10(μ3‐FcC4Fc)] (II), which were previously reported by R. D. Adams.
Recent trends in bioethanol production from food processing byproducts
Authors: Akbas Meltem Yesilcimen , Stark Benjamin C 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The widespread use of corn starch and sugarcane as sources of sugar for the production of ethanol via fermentation may negatively impact the use of farmland for production of food. Thus, alternative sources of fermentable sugars, particularly from lignocellulosic sources, have been extensively investigated. Another source of fermentable sugars with substantial potential for ethanol production is the waste from the food growing and processing industry. Reviewed here is the use of waste from potato processing, molasses from processing of sugar beets into sugar, whey from cheese production, byproducts of rice and coffee bean processing, and other food processing wastes as sugar sources for fermentation to ethanol. Specific topics discussed include the organisms used for fermentation, strategies, such as co-culturing and cell immobilization, used to improve the fermentation process, and the use of genetic engineering to improve the performance of ethanol producing fermenters.
On the Influence of Material Parameters in a Complex Material Model for Powder Compaction
Authors: Staf Hjalmar , Lindskog Per , Andersson Daniel C. , Larsson Per-Lennart 
Published: August 2016

AbstractParameters in a complex material model for powder compaction, based on a continuum mechanics approach, are evaluated using real insert geometries. The parameter sensitivity with respect to density and stress after compaction, pertinent to a wide range of geometries, is studied in order to investigate completeness and limitations of the material model. Finite element simulations with varied material parameters are used to build surrogate models for the sensitivity study. The conclusion from this analysis is that a simplification of the material model is relevant, especially for simple insert geometries. Parameters linked to anisotropy and the plastic strain evolution angle have a small impact on the final result.
Vein Diameter for Peripherally Inserted Catheter Insertion: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sharp Rebecca , Grech Carol , Fielder Andrea , Mikocka-Walus Antonina , Esterman Adrian 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background: The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) may be reduced if a vein of appropriate diameter is used for peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion. However, clinicians may have predilections to cannulate certain vein types and use particular insertion sites (eg, right or left arm) and therefore do not necessarily assess all veins available to determine the most optimal vessel to introduce a catheter. It is important that clinicians have an understanding of the diameter of veins used for PICC insertion and the effect of patient factors such as hand dominance on vein size to determine whether their clinical practice is appropriate.
Methods: A scoping review of published literature was performed to determine existing knowledge regarding the diameters of veins used for PICC insertion and the influence of patient factors such as hand dominance and laterality (left or right arm) on vein size.
Results: There was limited published research about the diameters of the basilic, brachial, and cephalic veins at the midupper arm, with only 6 studies identified. Three of the 6 selected articles focused on vein diameter measurement to inform arteriovenous fistula development. Only 1 study included participants undergoing PICC insertion. Scant research examined the effect of laterality on vein diameter and 1 study was identified that reported the influence of hand dominance or vein type on the diameter of veins used for PICC insertion.
Conclusions: This review found that there is a paucity of studies that have examined the veins used for PICC insertion. Nevertheless, it appears that the basilic vein has the largest diameter (with smaller brachial and cephalic veins), although this is not always the case. Laterality and hand dominance does not seem to influence vein diameter. Further research about the vasculature used for PICC insertion is needed to inform clinical practice.
Transparent Film Intravenous Line Dressing Incorporating a Chlorhexidine Gluconate Gel Pad: A Clinical Staff Evaluation
Authors: Karpanen Tarja J. , Casey Anna L. , Das Ira , Whitehouse Tony , Nightingale Peter , Elliott Thomas S. J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) has been shown to reduce the microbial load at intravascular (IV) catheter insertion sites and the risk of catheter-related infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence subsequently recommended CHG-containing IV dressings for specific clinical indications.Aim: To evaluate clinical staff perceptions of a standard transparent IV dressing in comparison to a transparent IV dressing incorporating a 2% (w/w) CHG gel pad when used at the insertion site of short-term central venous catheters and vascular access catheters for dialysis in adult critical care patients.Methods: Following a 9-month trial period during which a CHG dressing was introduced to critical care patients at a university hospital, the staff perception of this dressing in comparison to a standard transparent IV dressing was evaluated by a questionnaire. The number of dressing changes required and skin condition under the dressing was also determined in a proportion of patients.Results: The majority of the clinical staff (70 out of 81 respondents) considered the performance of the IV dressing containing a CHG gel pad better or much better than the standard dressing, and 77 out of 78 of the respondents recommended continuing its use. Both types of dressing performed well when applied to the insertion site of IV catheters in the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral vein.Conclusions: Staff satisfaction with the IV dressing incorporating a CHG gel pad was rated good, and the dressing performed well in a diverse group of critical care patients.
Defining the Specialty of Vascular Access through Consensus: Shaping the Future of Vascular Access
Authors: Davis Lois , Owens Andrea K. , Thompson Judy 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Association for Vascular Access (AVA) is an organization of health care professionals founded in 1985 to support and promote the specialty of vascular access. The mission of AVA is to distinguish the vascular access specialty and define standards of vascular access through an evidence-based approach designed to enhance health care. There is little guidance for multidisciplinary procedures/practice, and this is the case for vascular access. There are also inconsistencies and conflicts in terminology. Additionally, there is no consensus of vascular access as a specialty. It is the focus of AVA to promote consistency in vascular access practice. This document embraces a common title for a clinician with knowledge and skills in the area of vascular access. This establishes a new paradigm that will strengthen the advancement of the vascular access specialty.
The Treatment of Chronic Coccydynia and Postcoccygectomy Pain With Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy
Authors: Scott Kelly M. , Fisher Lauren W. , Bernstein Ira H. , Bradley Michelle H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundCoccydynia is a challenging disorder that often is refractory to treatments such as medications and injections. Physical therapy for coccydynia rarely has been studied.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of pelvic floor physical therapy for reducing pain levels in patients with coccydynia.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingThe pelvic floor rehabilitation clinic of a major university hospital.PatientsA total of 124 consecutive patients over age 18 with a chief complaint of coccydynia between 2009 and 2012. A subgroup of 17 of the 124 patients had previously undergone coccygectomy with continued pain postoperatively.Methods or InterventionsThe primary treatment intervention was pelvic floor physical therapy aimed at pelvic floor muscle relaxation. Secondary treatment interventions included the prescription of baclofen for muscle relaxation (19% of patients), ganglion impar blocks (8%), or coccygeus trigger point injections (17%).Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome measures included final minimum, average, and maximum pain numeric rating scales. A secondary outcome measure was the patient's subjective percent global improvement assessment. Baseline demographics were used to determine which pretreatment characteristics were correlated with treatment outcomes.ResultsOf the 124 patients, 93 participated in pelvic floor physical therapy and were included in statistical analysis. For the 79 patients who completed treatment (with a mean of 9 physical therapy sessions), the mean average pain ratings decreased from 5.08 to 1.91 (P < .001) and mean highest pain ratings decreased from 8.81 to 4.75 (P < .001). The mean percent global improvement was 71.9%. Mean average pain ratings in postcoccygectomy patients improved from 6.64 to 3.27 (P < .001). Greater initial pain scores and a history of previous injections were correlated with P < .001 pain scores on completion of physical therapy. Pain duration and history of trauma did not affect treatment outcomes.ConclusionsPelvic floor physical therapy is a safe and effective method of treating coccydynia.Level of EvidenceIII
Kognitive Leistungen bei rechenschwachen Grundschulkindern
Authors: Werpup Lina , Petermann Franz 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung. Es werden die visuellen Wahrnehmungsleistungen und weitere kognitive Leistungen von Grundschulkindern mit Rechenstörungen betrachtet. Hierzu werden die Indexwerte der Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Childen – IV (WISC-IV) und die in Frostigs Entwicklungstest der visuellen Wahrnehmung für Jugendliche und Erwachsene (FEW-JE) erzielten Werte von 39 Kindern mit Rechenstörung und 40 Kontrollgruppenkindern analysiert. Die visuellen Wahrnehmungsleistungen unterscheiden sich signifikant. 39 % der rechenschwachen Kinder weisen klinisch auffällige Ergebnisse im FEW-JE auf. In Abhängigkeit von den diagnostischen Kriterien lässt sich für 3 bis 13 % eine „visuelle Wahrnehmungsstörung“ diagnostizieren. In der Regressionsanalyse erklären die Prädiktoren „visuellen Wahrnehmung“ und „Arbeitsgedächtnis“ 35 bis 53 % der Rechenleistung. Im Rahmen der klinischen Diagnostik von Rechenstörungen ist eine Überprüfung der visuellen Wahrnehmungs- und Arbeitsgedächtnisleistungen anzuraten.
The plastid metalloprotease FtsH6 and small heat shock protein HSP21 jointly regulate thermomemory in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sedaghatmehr Mastoureh , Mueller-Roeber Bernd , Balazadeh Salma 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAcquired tolerance to heat stress is an increased resistance to elevated temperature following a prior exposure to heat. The maintenance of acquired thermotolerance in the absence of intervening stress is called ‘thermomemory’ but the mechanistic basis for this memory is not well defined. Here we show that Arabidopsis HSP21, a plastidial small heat shock protein that rapidly accumulates after heat stress and remains abundant during the thermomemory phase, is a crucial component of thermomemory. Sustained memory requires that HSP21 levels remain high. Through pharmacological interrogation and transcriptome profiling, we show that the plastid-localized metalloprotease FtsH6 regulates HSP21 abundance. Lack of a functional FtsH6 protein promotes HSP21 accumulation during the later stages of thermomemory and increases thermomemory capacity. Our results thus reveal the presence of a plastidial FtsH6–HSP21 control module for thermomemory in plants.