bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetry of simulated bone grafts in the edentulous maxilla by computed tomography: an experimental study
Authors: Johansson B , Grepe A , Wannfors K , Aberg P , Hirsch J M 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To determine the precision of CT for calculating the volume of bone grafts to the maxilla.

METHODS
Plaster of Paris was used to simulate bone as onlay and inlay grafts to the maxillary alveolus and sinus in a dry skull. Two mm thick axial CT scans were obtained. The area of the graft on each slice was measured and volumes calculated according to the formula V(graft)=Sigma of areas x the thickness of each section. Scans were repeated with the skull at approximately +5 degrees and -5 degrees to the horizontal plane and the calculations repeated. The real volume was calculated by the displaced water technique. Precision was estimated as reliability coefficient.

RESULTS
The reliability coefficients for the right and left inlay and the onlay grafts were 0.97, 0.6 and 0.96 respectively.

CONCLUSION
Calculations of the volume of both inlay and onlay grafts to the maxilla from axial CT is precise.
A clinical study of changes in the volume of bone grafts in the atrophic maxilla
Authors: Johansson B , Grepe A , Wannfors K , Hirsch J M 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the volumetric changes in bone grafts to the severely atrophic edentulous maxilla over 6 months.

METHODS
Ten edentulous patients received autogenous bone as buccal onlay grafts to the maxilla and bilaterally particulate bone grafts to the maxillary sinus. Two mm contiguous axial CT scans were obtained 1 to 2 weeks and 6 to 7 months postoperatively. The area of each graft was measured and the volume calculated according to the formula V(graft)=Sigma of areas x the thickness of each section.

RESULTS
The volume of the inlay and onlay grafts was reduced by an average of 49.5 and 47% respectively of the initial volume. The coefficient of variation was greater in the onlay group (0.79) compared with the inlay group (0.38).

CONCLUSIONS
The volumetric changes in buccal onlay and sinus inlay grafts after 6 months of healing seem similar although there was a wide range in both groups.
Evaluation of pulse sequences used for magnetic resonance sialography
Authors: Sakamoto M , Sasano T , Higano S , Takahashi S , Nagasaka T , Yanagawa I , Hosogai Y , Tamura H , Iikubo M , Shoji N 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine the most appropriate sequences for the visualization of small parotid ducts in MR sialography.

METHODS
MR images of a phantom consisting of distilled water in polyethylene tubes were obtained with turbo-spin echo (TSE), single-shot turbo-spin echo (SSTSE), half-fourier acquisition, single-shot turbo-spin echo (HASTE) and turbo gradient-spin echo (TGSE) pulse sequences and compared visually and quantitatively. MR sialograms obtained from healthy volunteers and patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were obtained using the same four sequences.

RESULTS
In the phantom, TSE images were best and the contrast-noise ratio (CNR) highest. In the volunteers, the main ducts were especially clearly visualized with TSE and in SSTSE; however, the majority of secondary and/or tertiary parotid ducts were not depicted by any of the sequences used. In SS patients, images of small main ducts and small pseudocysts were clearer using TSE. However, TSE could not depict the narrow main ducts or peripheral ducts or very small pseudocysts.

CONCLUSIONS
TSE is considered the most suitable MR sequence for assessing small parotid gland ducts. However, further improvement is needed since it does not always visualize them sufficiently.
Imaging of biodegradable osteosynthesis materials by ultrasound
Authors: Heidemann W , Gerlach K L 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
Biodegradable osteosynthesis materials are not radio-opaque and therefore not visible on conventional X-rays. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of ultrasound for imaging biodegradable materials to detect and monitor the degradation process.

METHODS
Forty-six patients had two different polylactide osteosynthesis fracture plate materials used for the fixation of midfacial fractures. A 7.5 MHz ultrasound transducer with a 4.2 x 0.9 cm footprint was used by two examiners at approximately 4-month intervals over 36 months to monitor changes of the latero-orbital and infra-orbital rims.

RESULTS
Intrinsically amorphous 50 : 50 poly(D,L)lactide reached the maximum of thickness (about 300% of the initial thickness) between 14 and 18 months post-implantation and was totally resorbed in clinical and ultrasound examinations 30 months post-implantation. In 85 : 15 poly(L,D)lactide plates, the maximum of thickness (about 300% of the initial thickness) was reached between 22 and 26 months post-implantation and resorption was still in progress 36 months post-implantation.

CONCLUSION
Ultrasound examinations are suitable for detecting and monitoring the degradation process of biodegradable osteosynthesis plates in the peri-orbital region.
Influence of room lighting on grey-scale perception with a CRT-and a TFT monitor display
Authors: Haak R , Wicht M J , Hellmich M , Nowak G , Noack M J 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine the influence of ambient lighting on grey-scale perception using a cathode-ray tube (CRT) and a thin film transistor (TFT) computer display.

METHODS
A cathode ray tube (Nokia XS 446) and a liquid crystal display (Panasonic LC 50S) were used at reduced room lighting (70 lux) and under conditions recommended for a dental operatory (1000 lux). Twenty-seven observers examined twice a modified SMPTE test pattern [0 to 255; 255 to 0] grey-scale values. The corresponding contrast differences were allocated to four ranges of grey levels (I: 0-63; II: 64-127; III: 128-191; IV: 192-255). The influences of monitor type, grey-scale range and illumination were evaluated by means of repeated measures analysis of variance.

RESULTS
Detection of differences in monochromatic intensity was significantly earlier with reduced lighting (P&lt;0.0001). When full ambient lighting was used, the TFT display was superior compared to the CRT monitor in ranges II and III (P&lt;0.0001), whereas no differences could be detected for grey intensities between 0 and 63 (P=0.71) and between 192 and 255 (P=0.36).

CONCLUSIONS
Background lighting hampers grey-scale perception on computer displays. In this study of one TFT and one CRT monitor, the TFT in full ambient lighting was associated with earlier detection of grey scale differences than CRT.
Survey of radiography and radiation protection in general dental practice in Uganda
Authors: Mutyabule T K , Whaites E J 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To carry out the first survey in Uganda of all dentists and all public health dental officers (PHDO) to assess the status of dental radiography and radiation protection.

METHODS
All 74 dentists and 76 PHDOs in Uganda were sent a postal questionnaire including 33 questions relating to various demographic details, radiographic equipment and radiographic techniques, including processing and radiation protection. A second questionnaire was sent to non-respondents after 3 months.

RESULTS
Eighty-two per cent of dentists responded and 83% of PHDOs. Seventy per cent of the dentists and 100% of the PHDOs were trained in Uganda. Seventy-five per cent of the dentists and 30% of the PHDOs had access to one of the approximately 30 X-ray machines in the country. The majority of the equipment did not comply with current recommendations in Europe. Fifty-one per cent of dentists used machines with mechanical timers, 28% used machines with no visual warning signal and 17% used equipment with no audible warning signal. Most of the equipment was over 30 years old and only 15% of dentists knew when the equipment was last serviced. The most relevant finding of the surveys was the level of 'don't know' responses to many questions from both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The lack of knowledge regarding dental radiography and radiation protection plus the condition of most equipment in Uganda is a matter of concern. Standards of care are considerably lower than in developed countries requiring improved undergraduate training, provision of postgraduate courses and Ugandan governmental or international financial assistance.
Accuracy of caries detection with four storage phosphor systems and E-speed radiographs
Authors: Hintze H , Wenzel A , Frydenberg M 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the accuracy of caries detection using four intra-oral storage phosphor plate systems exposed with two different exposure times and one film system.

METHODS
Under in vitro and standardised conditions 365 approximal and 159 occlusal surfaces were radiographed using four storage phosphor plate systems: DenOptix, Cd-dent, Digora (blue and white plates) and one film system: Ektaspeed Plus. The plates were exposed twice with 10% and 25% of the time needed for the film. Four observers recorded approximal enamel/dentine and occlusal dentine caries using a five-point confidence scale. Caries presence was validated histologically and diagnostic accuracy of the systems by using ROC curve areas (Az).

RESULTS
The shorter exposure time for approximal caries, Digora(white)(Az=0.68) and Ekta Plus (Az=0.69) were significantly more accurate than the other systems (Az=0.64-0.65). For occlusal caries using the same exposure time, no significant difference was found between the digital systems (Az=0.76-0.77), which all showed to be significantly less accurate than Ekta Plus (Az=0.81). Using the longer exposure time for approximal caries, no significant difference was found between DenOptix (Az=0.68), Digora(blue) (Az=0.69), Digora(white) (Az=0.69) and Ekta Plus (Az=0.69) which were all significantly more accurate than Cd-dent (Az=0.65). For occlusal caries using the same exposure time, Digora(blue) (Az=0.81) was the most significantly accurate of the digital systems. When approximal caries was the diagnostic task, the longer exposure time resulted in significantly higher accuracy with the DenOptix and Digora(blue) systems but not with the Cd-dent and Digora(white) systems. For occlusal caries, the longer exposure time resulted in a significant improvement only with the Digora(blue) system.

CONCLUSION
For approximal caries using the longer exposure time, no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy was found between DenOptix, Digora(blue), Digora(white) and Ekta Plus which were all significantly more accurate than the Cd-dent. For occlusal caries using the longer exposure time, Digora(blue) was found to be the most accurate of the digital systems. The exposure time had an influence on the diagnostic accuracy with the DenOptix and Digora(blue) systems for approximal and with the Digora(blue) system for occlusal caries detection.
Lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland
Authors: Goto T K , Shimizu M , Kobayashi I , Chikui T , Kanda S , Toshitani K , Shiratsuchi Y , Yoshida K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We describe a case of lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland, also known as salivary lymphoepithelial lesion. Lymphoepithelial lesions are usually seen in conjunction with autoimmune disease of the salivary glands and these lesions do not always remain benign. Our case consisted of two masses that had different imaging features. Moreover, we could investigate the changes of the size and internal architecture on imaging due to the postponement of surgical intervention on the masses. At review 6 months later, the size of the masses had increased. The aims of this paper were to: (1) investigate the contribution of gray-scale sonography, power Doppler sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography to the diagnosis; and (2) consider the appropriate imaging modality to follow-up this case to monitor for recurrence or malignant transformation.
The accuracy and reliability of radiographic methods for the assessment of marginal bone level around oral implants
Authors: De Smet E , Jacobs R , Gijbels F , Naert I 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine the accuracy and reliability of radiographic methods for assessment of the marginal bone level around oral implants in human cadavers.

METHODS
In three human cadavers two implants were placed according to the Instruction Manual for the Brånemark System. One implant was installed in the canine and one in the premolar region of the left mandible. For each implant, conventional and digital intra-oral paralleling radiography were performed. Digital images were printed with a Kodak 1200 Distributed Medical Imaging printer on blue transparent film, glossy and plain paper. Furthermore, digital scanographic, panoramic and tomographic images were taken with the Cranex Tome multimodal X-ray unit and printed on Agfa Drystar TM 1 B transparent films. All images were evaluated by five dental specialists. Data were statistically compared with real measurements of the marginal bone level on the human cadavers, performed by the same group of observers. Intra- and inter-observer variability were determined.

RESULTS
Digital intra-oral images on glossy paper showed the smallest absolute difference between real and measured bone level, followed by digital intra-oral images on film and on plain paper, conventional intra-oral images on analogue film, panoramic, scanographic and tomographic images on film. The difference between real and radiographic measurements was not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05) for all radiographic techniques. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was high for all techniques.

CONCLUSIONS
The selected imaging techniques showed an acceptable accuracy for peri-implant bone level measurements with an overall error of less than 0.5 mm. Intra-oral images showed the smallest absolute differences.
Long short‐term memory‐based forecasting of uncertain parameters in an islanded hybrid microgrid and its energy management using improved grey wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Krishna Raji , S Hemamalini 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn islanded hybrid AC‐DC microgrid interconnects renewable energy sources, distributed generators, and energy storage, primarily for remote areas without grid access. Its reliability depends on variable renewable output and load demand, while an energy management system optimizes power scheduling and reduces costs. In the first phase of this paper, uncertainty parameters like day‐ahead power from renewable energy sources (RES) and load demand (LD) are forecasted using the long short‐term memory (LSTM) deep learning algorithm. The LSTM outperforms the artificial neural network (ANN) model in terms of mean square error (MSE) and prediction accuracy (R2) for both training and testing datasets. In the second phase, the forecasted RES power and LD are used for optimal distributed generator (DG) scheduling using the improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm. The objective of energy management in an islanded hybrid microgrid (HMG) is to minimize daily operating costs by considering load demand and the bidding costs of energy sources and storage devices. Two operational scenarios are evaluated to minimize the operating costs and optimize battery life. The proposed method, validated with IEEE standard test systems, is compared against several metaheuristic techniques. Results demonstrate that the improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm is more effective at reducing costs and provides faster optimal solutions.
Power quality improvement of grid‐connected solar power plant systems using a novel fractional order proportional integral derivative controller technique
Authors: Manoharan Hariprabhu , Karuppannan Sundararaju , Chandrasekaran Kumar , Barua Sourav 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, there has been a push to integrate renewable energy system (RES) into grid‐connected load system in enhancing reliability and reducing losses. However, integrating these systems introduces power quality (PQ) issues, especially with non‐linear, critical, and imbalanced loads. Addressing this, a hybrid mantis search‐reptile search algorithm (HMS‐RSA) combined with a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) to mitigate PQ problems related to current and voltages in RES systems. In other words, the UPQC, enhanced by fractional order proportional integral derivative controller parameters tuned using the proposed HMS‐RSA assists in enhancing the power quality. The approach has been validated by connecting a non‐linear load to the system, which typically creates PQ issues. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and their performance is analysed in three scenarios, such as sag, swell, and disturbance, and the total harmonic distortion is evaluated to quantify improvements in PQ. Finally, the proposed method is compared with existing approaches, such as ant colony optimization (ACO), artificial bee colony optimization (ABC), and bacterial foraging optimization (BFO). The method also outperforms ACO, ABC, and BFO in terms of convergence speed and effectiveness in mitigating PQ issues.
A machine learning approach to estimate mid-infrared fluxes from WISE data
Authors: Fonseca-Bonilla Nuria , Cerdán Luis , Noriega-Crespo Alberto , Moro-Martín Amaya 
Published: October 2024

Context. While the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) is the largest, best quality infrared all-sky survey to date, a smaller coverage mission, Spitzer, was designed to have better sensitivity and spatial resolution at similar wavelengths. Confusion and contamination in WISE data result in discrepancies between them.
Aims. We aim to present a novel approach to work with WISE measurements with the goal of maintaining both its high coverage and vast amount of data while, at the same time, taking full advantage of the higher sensitivity and spatial resolution of Spitzer.
Methods. We have applied machine learning (ML) techniques to a complete WISE data sample of open cluster members, using a training set of paired data from high-quality Spitzer Enhanced Imaging Products (SEIP), MIPS and IRAC, and allWISE catalogs, W1 (3.4 μm) to W4 (22 μm) bands. We have tested several ML regression models with the aim of predicting mid-infrared fluxes at MIPS1 (24 μm) and IRAC4 (8 μm) bands from WISE variables (fluxes and quality flags). In addition, to improve the prediction quality, we have implemented feature selection techniques to remove irrelevant WISE variables.
Results. We have notably enhanced WISE detection capabilities, mostly for the targets with the lowest magnitudes, which previously showed the largest discrepancies with Spitzer. In our particular case, extremely randomized trees was found to be the best algorithm to predict mid-infrared fluxes from WISE variables, attaining coefficients of determination R2 ∼ 0.94 and R2 ∼ 0.98 for 24 μm (MIPS1) and 8 μm (IRAC4), respectively. We have tested our results in members of IC 348 and compared their observed fluxes with the predicted ones in their spectral energy distributions. We show discrepancies in the measurements of Spitzer and WISE and demonstrate the good concordance of our predicted mid-infared fluxes with the real ones.
Conclusions. Machine learning is a fast and powerful tool that can be used to find hidden relationships between datasets, as the ones we have shown to exist between WISE and Spitzer fluxes. We believe this approach could be employed for other samples from the allWISE catalog with SEIP positional counterparts, and in other astrophysical studies in which analogous discrepancies might arise when using datasets from different instruments.
Binary neutron star mergers using a discontinuous Galerkin-finite difference hybrid method
Authors: Deppe Nils , Foucart Francois , Bonilla Marceline S , Boyle Michael , Corso Nicholas J , Duez Matthew D , Giesler Matthew , Hébert François , Kidder Lawrence E , Kim Yoonsoo , Kumar Prayush , Legred Isaac , Lovelace Geoffrey , Most Elias R , Moxon Jordan , Nelli Kyle C , Pfeiffer Harald P , Scheel Mark A , Teukolsky Saul A , Throwe William , Vu Nils L 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present a discontinuous Galerkin-finite difference hybrid scheme that allows high-order shock capturing with the discontinuous Galerkin method for general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics in dynamical spacetimes. We present several optimizations and stability improvements to our algorithm that allow the hybrid method to successfully simulate single, rotating, and binary neutron stars. The hybrid method achieves the efficiency of discontinuous Galerkin methods throughout almost the entire spacetime during the inspiral phase, while being able to robustly capture shocks and resolve the stellar surfaces. We also use Cauchy-characteristic evolution to compute the first gravitational waveforms at future null infinity from binary neutron star mergers. The simulations presented here are the first successful binary neutron star inspiral and merger simulations using discontinuous Galerkin methods.
A novel linetype recognition algorithm based on track geometry detection data
Authors: Cheng Zhaoyang , Han Zhi , Han Qiang , Chen Chunlei , Liu JinZhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The detection and recognition of track geometry are crucial for ensuring railway transportation safety and maintenance efficiency. Traditional linetype recognition algorithms struggle to effectively handle the complexities of variable track geometry and noise interference. To address these challenges, a novel linetype recognition algorithm (NLRA) is proposed, which thoroughly analyzes the characteristics of track curvature across straight lines, transition curves, and circular segments. By employing partial differential equations for data preprocessing, NLRA effectively filters out noise. Utilizing curve design parameters and integrating line anti-noise recognition with multi-segment line fitting techniques, the algorithm accurately identifies each line segment and incorporates a single-point recognition method for data gaps. Experimental results demonstrate that NLRA outperforms traditional algorithms in terms of real-time performance, recognition accuracy, anti-interference capability, and noise handling. Notably, NLRA enhances accuracy by at least 35.1% and recall by at least 17.4% on selected typical routes. This work underscores the algorithm’s potential to provide efficient and accurate tools for track maintenance, facilitate advancements in track detection software, and significantly contribute to railway transportation safety.
Role of sulphur in resistive switching behavior of natural rubber-based memory
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Othman Nadras , Shafiq Mohamad Danial , Zhao Feng , Cheong Kuan Yew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The rising environmental awareness has spurred the extensive use of green materials in electronic applications, with bio-organic materials emerging as attractive alternatives to inorganic and organic materials due to their natural biocompatibility, biodegradability, and eco-friendliness. This study showcases the natural rubber (NR) based resistive switching (RS) memory devices and how varying sulphur concentrations (0–0.8 wt.%) in NR thin films impact the RS characteristics. The NR was formulated and processed into a thin film deposited on an indium tin oxide substrate as the bottom electrode and with an Ag film as the top electrode. The addition of sulphur modifies the degree of crosslinking in the NR thin film, from which the concentration of –C=C– group and density of defect site (S+) are affected, and hence the RS behavior of the memory device. The devices exhibit bipolar resistance with symmetric switching characteristics which are attributed to the formation of conductive paths facilitate by electron transport along –C=C– and S+ defect sites between the two electrodes. Notably, a sample with 0.2 wt.% sulphur exhibits a high ON/OFF ratio (104), a large memory window (5.5 V), prolonged data retention (10 yrs), and reliable endurance (120 cycles). These findings highlight the potential of NR as a promising material for eco-friendly resistive-switching random access memory applications.