bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arsole‐Containing π‐Conjugated Polymer by the Post‐Element‐Transformation Technique
Authors: Matsumura Yoshimasa , Ishidoshiro Makoto , Irie Yasuyuki , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke , Tanaka Kazuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke , Tomita Ikuyoshi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA synthetic method to obtain an arsole‐containing π‐conjugated polymer by the post‐transformation of the organotitanium polymer titanacyclopentadiene‐2,5‐diyl unit with an arsenic‐containing building block is described. The UV/Vis absorption maximum and onset of the polymer were observed at 517 nm and 612 nm, respectively. The polymer exhibits orange photoluminescence with an emission maximum (Emax) of 600 nm and the quantum yield (Φ) of 0.05. The polymer proved to exhibit a quasi‐reversible redox behavior in its cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis. The energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were estimated to be −5.43 and −3.24 eV, respectively, from the onsets for oxidation and reduction signals in the CV analysis. Further chemical modification of the arsole unit in the π‐conjugated polymer by complexation of gold(I) chloride occurred smoothly resulting in the bathochromic shift of the UV/Vis absorption and lowering of the LUMO energy level.
Using N‐Heterocyclic Vinyl Ligands to Access Stable Divinylgermylenes and a Germylium Cation
Authors: Hering‐Junghans Christian , Andreiuk Patricia , Ferguson Michael J. , McDonald Robert , Rivard Eric 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo efficient methods are presented to install σ‐ and π‐electron‐donating N‐heterocyclic vinyl groups onto main‐group elements (E): halosilane elimination and base‐induced E−C bond formation. Placement of two NHC=CH− ligands (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) onto a GeII center affords a two‐coordinate germylene, a heavy congener of the elusive divinyl carbenes. The π‐donating ability of this vinylic ligand scaffold was further demonstrated by the synthesis of a three‐coordinate germylium cation R3Ge+.
The first oxalamide‐bridged ferrocene: Facile synthesis, preliminary conformational analysis and biological evaluation
Authors: Kovač Veronika , Radošević Kristina , Bebek Anica , Makarević Janja , Štefanić Zoran , Barišić Lidija , Žinić Mladen , Rapić Vladimir 
Published: November 2016

tert‐Butyl‐1′‐methoxycarbonyl‐1‐ferrocenecarbamate (1) was Boc‐deprotected to give free amine which underwent oxalyl chloride‐mediated dimerization. The structure of the so‐obtained oxalamide‐bridged ferrocene 2 was elucidated using infrared and NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC) spectroscopies, crystal structure analysis, and electrospray ionization and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The preliminary conformational analysis in solution suggested the intramolecular engagement of oxalamide protons, while single‐crystal analysis revealed an intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding pattern. Also, the effect of oxalamide‐bridged ferrocene 2 on cell viability of three human cell lines (HEK293T, HeLa and HepG2) was tested. In vitro screening revealed proliferative as well as cytotoxic effects of the tested compound in the applied concentration range (1–350 μM) on HEK293T and HepG2 cells. Stimulatory effect on cell growth was the most pronounced for normal HEK293T cells, while the highest cytotoxic effect was observed towards HeLa tumour cells and it was dose‐dependent. The observed dual biological activity of 2 implies its potential application in drug development.
Morphological evolution and mechanical property enhancement of natural rubber/polypropylene blend through compatibilization by nanoclay
Authors: Masa Abdulhakim , Saito Hiromu , Sakai Tadamoto , Kaesaman Azizon , Lopattananon Natinee 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTNanocomposites of natural rubber (NR)/polypropylene (PP) (80/20 wt %) blends filled with 5 phr pristine clay were prepared by melt‐mixing process. Effects of clay incorporation technique via conventional melt‐mixing (CV) and masterbatch mixing (MB) methods on nanostructure and properties of the blend nanocomposites were investigated. The XRD, SAXS, WAXD, and TEM results showed that the clays in the NR/PP blend nanocomposites were presented in different states of dispersion and were locally existed at the interface between NR and PP as well as dispersed in the NR matrix. The presence of clay caused unique morphological evolution such as fine fibrillar PP domains. The tensile strength was improved over the unfilled NR/PP blends by 53% and 224%, and the storage modulus at 25 °C was increased by 78% and 120% for the NR/PP/clay nanocomposites prepared by CV and MB methods, respectively. Significant improvement in both properties was particularly obtained from the MB method due to finer dispersion fibrillar PP phase in the NR matrix and stronger interfacial adhesion between NR and PP fibers, as suggested from DMA. The oil resistance of blend nanocomposites was also improved over that of the unfilled NR/PP blend, and this property was further progressed by the masterbatch mixing method. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44574.
Electro‐conductive cotton fabric prepared by electron beam induced graft polymerization and electroless deposition technology
Authors: Krishnanand Kumar , Thite Amol , Mukhopadhyay Anjan K. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTCotton fabric has been made electro‐conductive by electroless deposition of silver from its salt solution. Preparation process involved radical graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate monomer on plain woven cotton fabric using 10 kGy dose of electron beam irradiation, and then hydrazination of the epoxy ring of the monomer to introduce reducing agents into the fibre chemical structure. These reducing agents are sites for metal particle deposition. The chemical modifications were characterized by infrared spectroscopic studies. From X‐ray diffraction pattern analysis, the average size of these deposited silver metallic particles is 41 nm. These are observed as heterogeneous deposition on the fibre surface in scanning electron images. From thermogravimetric analysis, around 7.5% of the metal plated fabric weight is silver. The deposited silver nanoparticles make a conductive pathway through contact network, and this network brings a drop in average value of surface resistivity of the cotton fabric from 109 Ω/sq to 3.63 Ω/sq for the metallised fabric. Such prepared electro‐conductive fabric showed very good wash durability of electrical conductivity up to 15 washing cycles when carried out as per ISO‐105‐C10:2006 (E) test no. A (1) standard, indicating firm adherence of silver nanoparticles to the fabric surface. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44576.
Improving thermal conductivity and shear strength of carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites via thiol‐ene click reaction
Authors: Bao Rui , Yan Shilin , Qin Ying , Lu Man 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effect of the thiol‐ene click reaction on thermal conductivity and shear strength of the epoxy composites reinforced by various silane‐functionalized hybrids of sulfhydryl‐grafted multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (SH‐MWCNTs) and vinyl‐grafted MWCNTs (CC‐MWCNTs). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that the sulfhydryl groups and vinyl groups are successfully grafted onto the surface of MWCNTs, after treatment of MWCNT with triethoxyvinylsilane and 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), HotDisk thermal constant analyzer (HotDisk), optical microscope, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are used to characterize the resultant composites. It is demonstrated that the hybrid of 75 wt % SH‐MWCNTs and 25 wt % CC‐MWCNTs has better dispersion and stability in epoxy matrix, and shows a stronger synergistic effect in improving the thermal conductivity of epoxy composite via the thiol‐ene click reaction with 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile) as thermal initiator. Furthermore, the tensile shear strength results of MWCNT/epoxy composites and the optical microscopy photographs of shear failure section indicate that the composite with the hybrid MWCNTs has higher shear strength than that with raw MWCNTs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44579.
Fabrication of fluorescent poly(l‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone) fibers with quantum‐dot incorporation from emulsion electrospinning for chloramphenicol detection
Authors: Xiaoqiang Li , Chen Shi , Hua Qiu , Hong Sun , Kenji Ogino 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe on‐site rapid detection of antibiotic residues deposited in food or beverage still remains a challenge in daily life. In this study, cadmium tellurium (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) were incorporated into poly(l‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone) (PLLACL) fibers with emulsion electrospinning. Water‐soluble CdTe QDs were used as fluorescence agents, and PLLACL was used as filament materials, respectively. A variety of experiments were performed to characterize the structure and properties of the fibrous composite. Ultraviolet–visible and photoluminescence spectra of the fibers showed similar characteristic absorption and emission properties to those of the CdTe QDs. The fibrous QD–PLLACL composite showed stable fluorescence over 30 days at room temperature and could be used to detect chloramphenicol through fluorescence quenching caused by resonance energy transfer. This approach provides a facile shortcut for fabricating fluorescent fibers that simultaneously inherit the mechanical behavior of PLLACL fibers and the fluorescence properties of CdTe QDs for the detection of antibiotics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44584.
Relationship between atmospheric blocking and cold day extremes in current and RCP8.5 future climate conditions over Japan and the surrounding area
Authors: Kitano Yoshikazu , Yamada Tomohito J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAtmospheric blocking is one of the most impactful weather patterns in midlatitude regions, causing floods, droughts and unusually high or low temperatures. This study investigates the relationship between extremely cold days over Japan and its surroundings and North Pacific blocking in the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) re‐analysis (ERA‐40), phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for historical weather and the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) experiments based on nine climate model datasets in the boreal winter season. Under the climate change conditions based on the RCP8.5 future scenario, extreme cold days (i.e. the first percentile of cold days) over Japan and its surroundings will become weaker but occur more widely when blocking is generated over the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk and its surroundings, because the blocking frequency over this area will decrease and the intensity will weaken.
Cytokine and adipokine are biofactors can act in blood and colostrum of obese mothers
Authors: Fujimori Mahmi , França Eduardo Luzia , Morais Tassiane Cristina , Fiorin Vanessa , de Abreu Luiz Carlos , Honório‐França Adenilda Cristina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBreast milk contains bioactive components that contribute to newborn development. However, colostrum may undergo biochemical and immunological changes as a function of maternal overweight and obesity. To investigate this hypothesis, this study determined the levels of hormones and immunological markers in the serum and colostrum of overweight and obese mothers. Colostrum and serum samples were collected from 15 normoweight, 15 overweight, and 15 obese women for determination of leptin, adiponectin, cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10), and C‐reactive protein (CRP). Obese mothers exhibited higher levels of serum TNF‐α, IL‐6, and CRP, serum and colostrum leptin and colostrum adiponectin and lower levels of serum adiponectin. Leptin levels in maternal serum and colostrum were positively correlated, as was pre‐pregnancy BMI and serum TNF‐α, IL‐6, CRP, and leptin. Adiponectin levels in colostrum and serum were negatively correlated. The results suggest that obesity changes hormonal and immunological components of maternal serum and colostrum. The modifications can have short‐term and long‐term effects on newborn development. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):243–250, 2017
Anaerobic reduction of 2,6‐dinitrotoluene by Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1: Roles of Mtr respiratory pathway and NfnB
Authors: Liu Dong‐Feng , Min Di , Cheng Lei , Zhang Feng , Li Dao‐Bo , Xiao Xiang , Sheng Guo‐Ping , Yu Han‐Qing 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTDinitrotoluene (DNT) is a widely present pollutant in aquatic environments, and its biodegradation is an economically attractive way to effectively removal. In aquatic environments, the presence of electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) could contribute to the anaerobic bioreduction of DNT. However, the mechanism behind such a biodegradation process at gene level remains to be further elucidated. In this work, the anaerobic reduction of 2,6‐dinitrotoluene (2,6‐DNT) by Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1, a typical EAB in aquatic environments, was investigated. S. oneidensis MR‐1 was found to be able to obtain energy for growth through the anaerobic respiration on 2,6‐DNT. Experimental results show that the Mtr respiratory pathway, a transmembrane electron transport chain, was involved in the 2,6‐DNT bioreduction. Knockout of cymA or nfnB resulted in a substantial loss of its 2,6‐DNT‐reducing ability, indicating that both CymA and NfnB were the key proteins in the microbial electron transfer chain. The genetic analysis further confirms that the Mtr respiratory pathway and NfnB are mainly responsible for the anaerobic reduction of 2,6‐DNT by S. oneidensis MR‐1. This work is useful to better understand the anaerobic bioreduction of nitroaromatic compounds in aquatic environments and remediate the environments contaminated by nitroaromatic compounds. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 761–768. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Segmented linear modeling of CHO fed‐batch culture and its application to large scale production
Authors: Ben Yahia Bassem , Gourevitch Boris , Malphettes Laetitia , Heinzle Elmar 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWe describe a systematic approach to model CHO metabolism during biopharmaceutical production across a wide range of cell culture conditions. To this end, we applied the metabolic steady state concept. We analyzed and modeled the production rates of metabolites as a function of the specific growth rate. First, the total number of metabolic steady state phases and the location of the breakpoints were determined by recursive partitioning. For this, the smoothed derivative of the metabolic rates with respect to the growth rate were used followed by hierarchical clustering of the obtained partition. We then applied a piecewise regression to the metabolic rates with the previously determined number of phases. This allowed identifying the growth rates at which the cells underwent a metabolic shift. The resulting model with piecewise linear relationships between metabolic rates and the growth rate did well describe cellular metabolism in the fed‐batch cultures. Using the model structure and parameter values from a small‐scale cell culture (2 L) training dataset, it was possible to predict metabolic rates of new fed‐batch cultures just using the experimental specific growth rates. Such prediction was successful both at the laboratory scale with 2 L bioreactors but also at the production scale of 2000 L. This type of modeling provides a flexible framework to set a solid foundation for metabolic flux analysis and mechanistic type of modeling. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 785–797. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of mushroom tyrosinase to introduce michaelis‐menten enzyme kinetics to biochemistry students
Authors: Flurkey William H. , Inlow Jennifer K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn inexpensive enzyme kinetics laboratory exercise for undergraduate biochemistry students is described utilizing tyrosinase from white button mushrooms. The exercise can be completed in one or two three‐hour lab sessions. The optimal amounts of enzyme, substrate (catechol), and inhibitor (kojic acid) are first determined, and then kinetic data is collected in the absence and presence of the inhibitor. A Microsoft Excel template is used to plot the data and to fit the Michaelis‐Menten equation to the data to determine the kinetic parametersVmaxandKm. The exercise is designed to clarify and reinforce concepts covered in an accompanying biochemistry lecture course. It has been used with positive results in an upper‐level biochemistry laboratory course for junior/senior students majoring in chemistry or biology. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(3):270–276, 2017.
Cytochrome P450 reaction phenotyping and inhibition and induction studies of pinostrobin in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes
Authors: Tan Shengnan , Dong Zhimin , Zhang Jiashuo , Efferth Thomas , Fu Yujie , Hua Xin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPinostrobin (PI, 5‐hydroxy‐7‐methoxyflavanone) is a natural flavonoid known for its rich pharmacological activities. The objective of this study was to identify the human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzymes involved in the metabolism of PI. A single hydoxylated metabolite was obtained from PI after an incubation with pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs). The relative contributions of different CYP450s were evaluated using CYP450‐selective inhibitors in HLMs and recombinant human CYP450 enzymes, and the results revealed the major involvement of CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP2E1 in PI metabolism. We also evaluated the ability of PI to inhibit and induce human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. High‐performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analytical techniques were used to estimate the enzymatic activities of seven drug‐metabolizing CYP450 isozymes in vitro. In HLMs, PI did not inhibit CYP 1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 (IC50 > 100 μm). In the induction studies, PI had minimal effects on CYP1A2, CYP2B6and CYP3A4 activity. Based on these results, PI would not be expected to cause clinically significant CYP450 inhibition or induction.
Simultaneous determination of tanshinol, protocatechuic aldehyde, protocatechuic acid, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application
Authors: Li Tingyang , Chu Yang , Yan Kaijing , Li Shuming , Wang Xiangyang , Wang Ying , Li Wei , Ma Xiaohui , Yang Jin , Liu Changxiao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDantonic pill, consisting of Salviae miltiorrhize, Panax notoginseng and Borneol, is a widely used compound Chinese medicine for preventing and treating ischemic cardiovascular diseases in China. In the present study, an original and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of tanshinol (i.e. danshensu), protocatechuic aldehyde, protocatechuic acid, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry operated in positive/negative ion switching mode was established and validated. The lower limits of quantification for tanshinol, protocatechuic aldehyde, protocatechuic acid, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were 5, 0.5, 1, 0.5, 0.5 and 2 ng/mL, respectively. All of the calibration curves showed good linearity over the investigated concentration range (r > 0.99). Validation results demonstrated that the above compounds were accurately, precisely and robustly quantified in rat plasma. The method was successfully applied to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles of all six compounds in rats following a single oral administration of Dantonic pill.
Double pylorus: two sides to one story
Authors: Umar Shifa , Bilal Mohammad 
Published: November 2016

Key Clinical MessageIt is important to recognize that “congenital” double pylorus is a benign condition, so that extensive work‐up can be avoided. Also, endoscopists should be aware of the double pylorus and demonstrate extra caution during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Secondary Phosphine Oxides as Multitalented Preligands En Route to the Chemoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Vasseur Alexandre , Membrat Romain , Gatineau David , Tenaglia Alphonse , Nuel Didier , Giordano Laurent 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSecondary phosphine oxides O=PHR2 (SPOs) were identified as multitalented preligands for the chemoselective Pd‐catalyzed oxidation of alcohols by a hydrogen‐abstracting methodology. SPOs were found to promote the hydrogen‐abstraction step as well as hydrogen transfer to a Michael acceptor by generating a putative active H−Pd species. The catalytic system operates under neutral conditions and was proven to be compatible with various electrophilic and nucleophilic functionalities within the substrates as well as water‐ and air‐sensitive functional groups.
Catalyst@Metal Hybrids in a One‐Pot Multistep Opposing Oxidation and Reduction Reaction Sequence
Authors: Shapiro Leora , Avnir David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report the feasibility of the catalysis of contrasting reactions, oxidation and reduction, in a multistep process that also involves a condensation reaction all performed with hybrids of catalytic organometallic complexes entrapped within metals ([complex]@metal). Two routes were explored for the multistep process. The first route used a combination of an oxidizing Ir complex entrapped in Ag ([Ir]@Ag) and a reducing Rh complex entrapped in Ag ([Rh]@Ag). The second route used a single composite material, namely, [Ir]@Pd, in which [Ir] acted as the oxidizing catalyst, and Pd was the reducing catalyst. Both routes were efficient for the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation and reduction reaction sequence. Towards the goal of a one‐pot multistep oxidation and reduction process, a detailed study of the catalytic alcohol oxidation properties of the heterogeneous [Ir]@Ag and [Ir]@Pd was performed. As the arsenal of available hydrogenation catalysts exceeds by far that of oxidations, this part of the study is, we believe, of general interest in itself, as a new alternative to heterogeneous oxidative catalysis.
Strongly Coupled 3D Nanohybrids with Ni2P/Carbon Nanosheets as pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Yan , Cai Pinwwei , Ci Suqin , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA reliable strategy has been developed to prepare Ni2P nanofilms on carbon nanosheets (CNS) nanohybrids (Ni2P/CNS), which involves the preparation of three‐dimensional (3D) CNS followed by in situ growth of Ni2P nanofilms on the surface of CNS. The Ni2P/CNS nanohybrids possess a robust 3D hierarchical structure, in which the Ni2P films are solidly overlaid on the surface of the CNS. The Ni2P/CNS nanohybrid was characterized by a variety of techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. A series of electrochemical tests demonstrate the Ni2P/CNS nanohybrid shows high catalytic activity and excellent stability towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in pH‐universal electrolyte, that is, in acidic, neutral, and basic media. The outstanding performance for Ni2P/CNS is correlated with the synergic effects between Ni2P and CNS associated with its unique and robust structure.