bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Inequality, Structural Injustice, and Political Responsibility
Authors: Parekh Serena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In Chapter 14, ‘Gender Inequality, Structural Injustice, and Political Responsibility’, Serena Parekh argues that there is a philosophical basis for the claim that states can be held responsible for structural injustices relating to gender discrimination and violence. Parekh argues that this claim can be detected in international human-rights discourses but that such a claim has not gained much normative force. Part of the problem is that women’s rights violations often take place in the private sphere and are committed by non-state actors. Parekh’s analysis draws on Iris Marion Young’s notion of a forward-looking political responsibility that seeks not to find fault with the state for past wrongs but rather encourages the state to address future injustices. Despite Young’s suspicions that the state is inadequately equipped to address structural injustice, Parekh argues that it is able to take up political responsibility in a more systematic way than individuals can. Indeed, international women’s rights documents have recognized this—for instance, Article 5 of the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) demands states take responsibility for the root causes of violence and discrimination against women, including beliefs, customs, and attitudes surrounding women’s inferiority. Parekh concludes by arguing that the state ought to readjust its focus from cataloguing abuses to changing the conditions of society in such a way that human-rights violations are less likely to occur in the first place.
Introduction
Authors: Aslanidis Paris 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 sets the book’s primary goal: rectifying the analytical imbalance that characterizes populism research. Highlighting blind spots in the overcrowded field of party-system-level analysis, it advocates a shift toward investigating the understudied phenomenon of grassroots populist mobilization. To encourage social movement scholars to adopt populism as an analytical lens, it offers a brief overview of the intellectual history of the concept, focusing on the need to overcome the normative baggage that populism carries since its highly consequential demonization by American Cold War liberals in the 1950s. The chapter proceeds to offer a conceptualization of populism as a collective action frame and develops the core features of the main unit of analysis: populist social movements. It closes with emphasizing the need for an interdisciplinary agenda that does not unduly prioritize institutional actors over grassroots mobilization, thereby allowing a comprehensive understanding of the populist phenomenon that we are currently lacking.
A theoretical framework for populist social movements
Authors: Aslanidis Paris 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 surveys populism literature and introduces a novel framework for the study of grassroots populist mobilization based on Laclau’s theory of populism and collective action frame theory. Initially, it delves into the scholarship on Latin American populism, exposing the pitfalls of analyzing the phenomenon as a strictly top-down, leader-centric strategy of electoral manipulation. Subsequently, it turns to European scholarship, critiquing the prevailing perspective that views populism as a thin-centered ideology primarily associated with the European far right. Moving forward, the chapter examines the modest research output on grassroots populism, highlighting advancements and identifying gaps in the field. It then outlines the Laclauian framework and points out two key elements worthy of re-evaluation. By integrating a modified version of the former with insights from frame theory, it proceeds to conceptualize populism as a discursively constructed collective action frame. The chapter concludes by exploring collective identity formation in populist mobilization.
The Kolossoí
Authors: Badoud Nathan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 analyses the type of statue to which the Colossus of Rhodes belongs, namely the kolossós. As the present sense of the term appeared only after the destruction of Chares’ statue, what were originally the kolossoí? A review of the evidence shows that these statues were represented as immobile, that their magical power enabled them to encapsulate an external being, and that they were closely associated with Dorian colonization. Used at Argos during the eighth century bc, they were later taken, via Thera and Rhodes, to Cyrene in Libya. From Rhodes itself comes the only extant representation of a kolossós, found on some amphoras of the late third–early second century bc.
Corruption and Misuse of Public Office
Authors: Nicholls Colin , Baracese Alan , Maton James , Scott Rachel , Hatchard John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The 4th edition of this authoritative work has been fully revised and updated. It includes all major developments concerning preventing and combating corruption in England and Wales and globally. Special features include: • Corruption and the impact of the COVID pandemic • New chapter on debarment and the role of the World Bank • Anti-corruption regulation and compliance mechanisms • Implementation and effectiveness of anti-corruption laws and strategies • Impact of AI • Gender dimension of corruption England and Wales coverage: • Bribery Act and the pre-Bribery Act legislation • Developments in beneficial ownership transparency • Developments in asset recovery including those relating to kleptocrats • Proposals for corporate criminal liability reform • Legal and practical issues concerning the investigation and prosecution of corruption cases • Developments in arbitration cases involving corruption. • Revised codes of conduct for parliamentarians and other public officials • Dealing with corruption related cases at public inquiries and disciplinary and other tribunals Global coverage: Ρεθνεατσ• Detailed analysis of all the international and regional anti-corruption initiatives including the UN Convention Against Corruption and OECD anti-bribery convention and the effectiveness of their monitoring mechanisms • Revised chapter on the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act • Standard setting in the private sector • Corruption and money laundering • Corruption laws and regulations of some key jurisdictions • Role of civil society in fighting corruption
Guidance on ‘Adequate Procedures’
Authors: Nicholls Colin , Bacarese Alan , Maton James , Scott Rachel , Hatchard John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the guidance published by the Ministry of Justice under section 9 of the Bribery Act 2010 about procedures that commercial organizations can put in place to prevent persons associated with them from bribing. In addition, the chapter considers the prosecution guidance issued jointly by the Crown Prosecution Service and the Serious Fraud Office. Further, the chapter considers regulatory enforcement actions and thematic reviews which are instructive when considering those procedures. Finally, the chapter summarizes the conclusions of the House of Lords’ Select Committee for post-legislative scrutiny of the Bribery Act 2010, and the Government’s response to those findings.
Other Offences Involving Corruption
Authors: Nicholls Colin , Bacarese Alan , Maton James , Scott Rachel , Hatchard John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This Chapter examines the offences involving corrupt conduct other than bribery and misconduct in public office in force in the UK, such as theft, fraud, conspiracy to defraud, failure to keep accurate accounts, money laundering, and obstructing justice and; offences governing specific persons and activities such as abuse of the honours system and corrupt practices at elections including the reforms enacted by the Elections Act 2022.
Investigation and Prosecution of Corruption Cases
Authors: Nicholls Colin , Bacarese Alan , Maton James , Scott Rachel , Hatchard John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews important UK strategic initiatives, including the UK’s Anti-Corruption Strategy and the Economic Crime Plan. It also reviews legislative changes that have been made to UK law enforcement and some of the most important key recent cases. The chapter also examines the changes that have occurred in the complex area of UK proactive investigations, particularly the Investigatory Powers 2017 and the UK government’s commitment to address evolving threats within a rapidly changing communications and data environment. The chapter also reviews the existing legal framework on whistleblowing the UK of the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (PIDA 1998), which set the international standard in such protections and recent reforms as announced by the UK government in 2023. The chapter concludes with an extensive review of mutual assistance and mutual legal assistance and their uses, and extradition and its use in investigating and prosecuting corruption offences.
Asset Recovery Under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002
Authors: Nicholls Colin , Bacarese Alan , Maton James , Scott Rachel , Hatchard John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the various statutory mechanisms available to specified law enforcement agencies under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, as amended, to restrain and recover the proceeds of corruption, as well as relevant cases concerning those powers. The mechanisms available to law enforcement include confiscation of assets following criminal conviction for corruption offences, civil recovery of the proceeds of corruption, forfeiture of cash, bank account balances and certain other high-value assets, and taxation. The chapter also considers the Unexplained Wealth Order regime, and the cases decided under it. Finally, the chapter considers the enforcement overseas of confiscation and civil recovery orders, and the enforcement in the United Kingdom of their foreign equivalents.
International Case Studies
Authors: Nicholls Colin , Bacarese Alan , Maton James , Scott Rachel , Hatchard John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes some of the concluded English proceedings brought against or involving foreign public officials, or which have UK connections, whether criminal prosecutions, civil recovery proceedings, or private civil proceedings brought by foreign Governments, as well as shorter summaries of examples of notable cases or programmes from other jurisdictions. The chapter also provides an overview of the relative advantages and disadvantages of civil and criminal proceedings to recover the proceeds of corruption, or compensation for corrupt activities; it notes that the best mechanism for a particular case will usually be dependent on its facts and that many successful programmes have used the full range of civil and criminal mechanisms.
Standard Setting in the Private Sector
Authors: Nicholls Colin , Bacarese Alan , Maton James , Scott Rachel , Hatchard John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses general standard-setting initiatives in the private sector as well as standard setting in specific areas. General standard setting initiatives • United Nations Global Compact • Open Contracting Partnership • OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct • International Organisation of Standardisation (ISO) • Transparency International Business Principles for Countering Bribery • International Chamber of Commerce (ICC): Rules on Combating Corruption • World Economic Forum Partnering Against Corruption Initiative (PACI) • TRACE International Specific sector initiatives • Aviation and Travel • Banking and Regulated Entities • Construction and Engineering • Defence and Security • Extractive Industries • Forestry • Gold and Precious Minerals • Shipping • Wildlife
World Bank and Other Multilateral Development Bank Investigations into Corruption and Mutual Cross Debarment
Authors: Nicholls Colin , Bacarese Alan , Maton James , Scott Rachel , Hatchard John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This new chapter analyses the development of fiduciary based approaches to tackling fraud and corruption in development financing, and reviews the development and the role of administrative investigations into fraud and corruption in MDB financing, with a particular emphasis on the World Bank’s architecture. It also reviews the harmonization of investigations and sanctioning practices across the respective MDBs and how these independent systems use debarment and cross debarment in substantiated cases. The chapter also reviews how MDBs make referrals to law enforcement and also considers how the MDBs have developed systems of integrity compliance that work with the sanctions system to set minimum standards of corporate compliance with a view to restoring debarred entities to developing markets.
The United Nations Convention Against Corruption II
Authors: Nicholls Colin , Bacarese Alan , Maton James , Scott Rachel , Hatchard John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the UNCAC provisions: • The scope of the corruption-related offences • Law enforcement powers including the work of the Global Operational Network of Anti-Corruption Law Enforcement Authorities (GlobE network) • Money laundering, including the role of the Financial Action Task Force and the Wolfsburg Group • International cooperation: • Extradition • Mutual legal assistance • Law enforcement cooperation between States Parties • Asset recovery • Finding • Freezing • Forfeiting • Repatriation of the proceeds of corruption The Implementation Review Mechanism of the UNCAC, including the work of the Conference of the States Parties (CoSP) is considered with particular reference to its strengths and weaknesses. The role of the UNCAC Coalition is noted.
Introduction
Authors: Börzel Tanja A. , Risse Thomas , Anderson Stephanie B. , Garrison Jean A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter sets out the parameters of the book by posing the overarching questions for the volume, defining terms, and justifying the special attention paid to the United States. The main questions focus on describing and explaining the most significant contestations as well as discussing their consequences. Terms such as the liberal script, populism, polarization, internal, external, and deep contestations are defined. The authors provide a brief overview of ongoing internal tensions in the US and explain how the political system has contributed to the formation of deep contestations. The US is compared to other liberal democracies to determine whether it is “exceptional.”
Is America Back? Contestations, US Foreign Policy, and the Liberal International Order
Authors: Börzel Tanja A. , Risse Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyzes US foreign policy with regard to the liberal international order since the early 2000s. US partial retrenchment from global leadership did neither start with Trump nor did it end when he lost his re-election in 2020. It already became visible during the Obama administration while Biden’s attempts to restore US global leadership have been limited. We concentrate on two explanations for the increasing selectivity and retrenchment of US foreign policy: The first focuses on international factors, emphasizing the relative decline of US power and primacy as well as the rise of China. This account is indeterminate and is ultimately incapable of explaining US withdrawal from global leadership. The second account points to US domestic politics and the increasing polarization and negative partisanship inside the US which is documented throughout this volume. Domestic developments inside the country largely explain US selectivity and increasing retrenchment from global leadership.
Cosmopolitanism, Culture, and Aesthetic Culture
Authors: Lopes Dominic McIver 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Varieties of cosmopolitanism are surveyed within a systematic framework, and a conception of cultural cosmopolitanism is adopted. Cultural cosmopolitanism is markedly social, rooted, normative, and pro-diversity. Aesthetic cultures are minimal cultures. Minimal cultures are patterns of behaviour in a population that are due to members of the population sharing formative conditions: they are not necessarily organic, adaptive, societal, national, or identity-associated cultures. Only some aesthetic cultures are identity-associated, and only some are parts of organic, societal, or national cultures. A case is made that aesthetic cultures are not limited to the fine arts. They include all cultures organized around aesthetic values.
Identity Aesthetics
Authors: Lopes Dominic McIver 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Interests in value diversity and social autonomy generate considerations to be weighed in adopting policies that shape encounters between groups with different aesthetic cultures. Often, these considerations are weak. However, they are stronger when the cultures are associated with minority identity groups. A theory of minority identity is proposed. A non-essentialist account is given of what makes some aesthetic cultures suitable to be associated with minority identities. Policies of cosmopolitan accommodations, which go further than Alan Patten’s policies of customized accommodations, are proposed as a way to secure justice in fostering talent.
Islamic Perspectives on Abortion
Authors: Eich Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This contribution shows how abortion was discussed in Sunni and Shiite Hadith collections of the first centuries of Islamic history (approx. eighth to tenth century CE). Three different approaches can be distinguished: a gradualist approach in determining a fine which distinguished between several stages of prenatal development; a binary approach, only asking whether an intentional abortion had occurred or not; and an expiation approach, aiming at restoring the relation between culprit and God. It is shown how these three approaches intermingled in Sunni and Shiite discussions differently in the course of time. Additionally, the question of ensoulment is situated in its wider context of ensoulment theories of late Antiquity.
Indigenous Peoples, the League of Nations, and International Law
Authors: Rigney Sophie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationships between the League of Nations, Indigenous peoples, and international law. The chapter analyses five appeals made by Indigenous people to the League between 1919 and 1938: from the Society of American Indians and Laura Cornelius Kellogg from Turtle Island America (1919); Anthony Martin Fernando from the territory now known as Australia (1921); Deskaheh from Turtle Island Canada (1923); TW Rātana and Pita Moko from Aotearoa New Zealand (1924); and Pearl Gibbs from Australia (1938). The chapter also examines the League’s response to these claims, and to questions of Indigenous peoples more generally, through analysing key concepts of sovereignty and statehood, and self-determination. The chapter argues that these Indigenous appeals represent a practice of Indigenous international law, with Indigenous peoples reiterating their sovereignty and nationhood, entering alliances with others, and appealing to a new internationalism to ground justice and law claims. In response, however, the League of Nations developed an imperial international law: one which denies Indigenous sovereignty and instead views states as sovereign, limits Indigenous self-determination while emphasizing the territorial integrity of states, and frames Indigenous rights through the prism of labour rather than rights to sovereignty and land. While the League offered the possibility of a new form of ‘justice’ for Indigenous peoples worldwide, ultimately the League’s development of imperial international law limited and denied Indigenous international law, and the implications of this continue to this day.
How Do the Codes Read Earlier Rabbinic Texts?
Authors: Kelman Tirza Y. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on works of codification in the context of medieval Jewish law, presenting a constant negotiation between innovative perspectives and commitment to ancient texts. In the Jewish context, works referred to as “codes” contain broad collections of normative rulings of halakha—Jewish religious law. These codification projects did not intend to replace former laws, but rather to synthesize, organize, and clarify existing law. Each author introduced his work as a fresh answer to the challenges the existing texts presented. As a way of introducing and demonstrating the characteristics and features of the different codes (Rif, Maimonides, Semag, Tur, R. Karo, and the Rema), the chapter focuses on one example of a discrete halakhic question: is a blind person permitted to lead the public in prayer. Tracing the history of this ruling offers an interesting prism to analyze the evolution of the legal discourse in premodern halakhic codes.
The Second Age of Iron
Authors: Brown Deidre 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues for recognition of Indigenous “iron ages.” Although much is known about the European and Mediterranean Iron Age, there has been little investigation of the radical and often rapid social, political, and artistic changes that occurred within Indigenous communities who acquired iron from European, Mediterranean, and American explorers, traders, and missionaries. This “second” age of iron is documented in ancestral narratives, historical resources, and surviving objects, offering a complementary perspective to that of archaeology. A case study of a large-scale Māori-founded trading station in early nineteenth-century New Zealand demonstrates how acquired metal quickly transformed social hierarchies, relationships, land use, and arts. Ancestral narratives and historical accounts describe in detail the consequences of this major technological change. Information generated from rich case studies, like these, complements archaeological knowledge and may be useful for interpreting the European and the Mediterranean Iron Age thousands of years before.
An Integrated Evolutionary Scenario for the Culturalization of the Human Body
Authors: d’Errico Francesco 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter synthesizes our understanding of the earliest body modifications, including the origins of clothing and the use of mineral pigments and personal ornaments, to propose an integrated scenario for the culturalization of the body over at least 500,000 years. It is proposed that the emergence of clothing was triggered by climatic changes during the Middle-Upper Pleistocene transition. As biological adaptations became inadequate, humans developed cultural innovations to cope with harsh environments, which gradually evolved from utilitarian uses to expressions of identity and social affiliation. Evidence from Middle Stone Age sites in Africa, including the increasing use of ochre for various protective and symbolic purposes and the production of personal ornaments, suggests that these practices were well established by at least 160,000 to 140,000 years ago. They began to get more complex and diversified about 50,000 years ago. The chapter also explores how cognitive evolution, particularly in areas of the brain that enhance social cognition and symbolic reasoning, was crucial in processing the complex social signals conveyed by body modifications. This cognitive evolution, together with emerging social structures, provided significant evolutionary advantages, facilitating the permanent culturalization of the human body and the reinforcement of social hierarchies and group identities.