bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium and potassium intakes in a sample of students and employees in the University of Jordan aged (20-40 years) using 3-day food diaries
Authors: Al-Wa'l Tasnim , Takruri Hamed 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– This study aimed to estimate sodium and potassium intakes in a selected sample of Jordan University students and employees, to determine the main sources of sodium and potassium in their diets and to compare their intakes with adequate intake (AI), as sodium intakes were found to be high by household budget surveys in Jordan.

Design/methodology/approach
– A convenient sample of 200 subjects (100 students and 100 employees) from the University of Jordan with an age range of (20-40) years were recruited. The nutritional evaluation of sodium and potassium was done using three-day food records. Foods were analyzed for sodium and potassium using a food analysis program.

Findings
– Findings of the present study indicated that the intakes of sodium (5176 ± 2,841 mg) exceeded that of AI and that the intakes of potassium (2841 ± 990 mg) were below the AI. The main food sources for sodium were table salt, Jordanian bread and fast foods and sandwiches and for potassium were falafel, Kabsa and hummus.

Originality/value
– It is also clear that table salt, bread, fast foods were among the top food sources of sodium in Jordanian diet and any national strategy to lower sodium intake should take these into consideration together with upgrading of the educational level of the population.
Full‐wavefield migration: using surface and internal multiples in imaging
Authors: Davydenko M. , Verschuur D.J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTMultiple scattering is usually ignored in migration algorithms, although it is a genuine part of the physical reflection response. When properly included, multiples can add to the illumination of the subsurface, although their crosstalk effects are removed. Therefore, we introduce full‐wavefield migration. It includes all multiples and transmission effects in deriving an image via an inversion approach. Since it tries to minimize the misfit between modeled and observed data, it may be considered a full waveform inversion process. However, full‐wavefield migration involves a forward modelling process that uses the estimated seismic image (i.e., the reflectivities) to generate the modelled full wavefield response, whereas a smooth migration velocity model can be used to describe the propagation effects. This separation of modelling in terms of scattering and propagation is not easily achievable when finite‐difference or finite‐element modelling is used. By this separation, a more linear inversion problem is obtained. Moreover, during the forward modelling, the wavefields are computed separately in the incident and scattered directions, which allows the implementation of various imaging conditions, such as imaging reflectors from below, and avoids low‐frequency image artefacts, such as typically observed during reverse‐time migration. The full wavefield modelling process also has the flexibility to image directly the total data (i.e., primaries and multiples together) or the primaries and the multiples separately. Based on various numerical data examples for the 2D and 3D cases, the advantages of this methodology are demonstrated.
Childhood abuse and family obligation in middle adulthood: findings from the MIDUS II National Survey
Authors: Parker Elizabeth Oshrin , Maier Candice , Wojciak Armeda 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study examined associations between reported histories of childhood abuse and later reports of obligation towards their family of origin from a family life cycle perspective. Data from this study included a subsample of 725 single and married, English‐speaking adult participants (57.1% female,Mage = 49.8 years) from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS II): Biomarker Project. Findings suggest that childhood abuse impacts later family obligation in many ways, and that different categories of abuse (e.g. emotional, neglect, physical and sexual) and severity levels (e.g. none, less severe, more severe) differ in their impacts on adults’ reports of obligation to their families. Implications for future research and clinical practice are suggested.Practitioner pointsClinicians should be aware that different categories of childhood abuse may have unique effects on clients' feelings of obligation towards their families later in lifeThe intersection between severity of childhood abuse and category of childhood abuse is important to explore in therapy due to nuanced effects on feelings of family obligation later in life
Food insecurity and poor diet quality are associated with reduced quality of life in older adults
Authors: Russell Joanna C. , Flood Victoria M. , Yeatman Heather , Wang Jie Jin , Mitchell Paul 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the relationships of food security and diet quality with health related quality of life (HRQoL) in a cohort of older Australians.MethodsData were collected as part of the Blue Mountains Eye Study, a cohort study of community‐living individuals aged 49 years and over. A 12‐item food security survey, the Short‐form 36‐item (SF‐36) health survey, assessing four physical and four mental domains of HRQoL, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were completed by 2642 participants. The Total Diet Score (TDS) (maximum score 20) measured diet quality based on food intake from the FFQ. Analysis of covariance compared adjusted mean differences in SF‐36 scores between (i) food secure and food insecure groups and; (ii) quartiles of TDS. Higher SF‐36 scores indicated better physical and mental health.ResultsAcross all SF‐36, domains scores were significantly lower in the food insecure group compared to the food secure group. Adjusted mean differences ranged from 4.01 (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.64, 6.38) to 18.00 (95% CIs: 13.43, 22.56). Individuals in the lowest quartile of TDS had significantly lower SF‐36 scores compared to those in the highest TDS quartile for physical functioning domain (4.46, 95% CIs: 1.67, 7.26) and vitality domain (4.14, 95% CIs: 1.34, 6.95).ConclusionsThe study findings provide evidence of associations between reduced physical and mental health and food insecurity and poor diet quality, respectively. Further research into food insecurity in the ageing population is required to ensure that good health is maintained through appropriate health and community services.
How to Confront the Threat of Ebola? Arguing for Reinforced Efforts to Promote Transnational Solidarity
Authors: Fraundorfer Markus 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Ebola epidemic in 2014 in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone demonstrated for the first time that in an interdependent and interconnected world the Ebola virus is no longer a negligible threat limited in its lethal impact to a few isolated African villages. By linking Carol Gould's concept of transnational solidarity with the concept of transnational advocacy networks, this article argues that a variety of actors from governments, academia, civil society and the private sector must join forces to establish a mechanism with the potential to considerably accelerate research and development (R&D) on Ebola. By presenting the key logic underlying three existing public–private partnerships on neglected diseases, the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), the TB Alliance and the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), the article tries to identify the principal characteristics of such a new mechanism to successfully pool resources, knowledge and expertise for the development of tested and effective Ebola treatment. The article concludes by emphasising that the present atmosphere of transnational solidarity with those African countries affected by the Ebola epidemic represents a unique window of opportunity to create such a mechanism.
A multiregion community model for inference about geographic variation in species richness
Authors: Sutherland Chris , Brambilla Mattia , Pedrini Paolo , Tenan Simone 
Published: February 2016

SummaryAn enduring challenge in ecology is to understand what drives spatial variation in the size and structure of communities. The ability to count the number of species present at a location is hindered by the fact that not all species are equally detectable, and invariably some go completely undetected. This makes comparing species richness across distinct spatial units (or regions) problematic as sources of error are usually unaccounted for in simple enumerations of species.Multi‐species occupancy models explicitly incorporate a model for this observation uncertainty and provide a framework for estimating community size when detection is imperfect. Currently, however, the model is restricted to estimating the number of species at only a single region of interest. In this paper we extend the multi‐species occupancy model to accommodate data collected across multiple regions of interest (e.g., reserves or biomes).We report improved model performance of the joint multiregion approach when compared to the more traditional two‐stage approach of modelling spatial variation in species richness using simulations. Then, applying the model to data collected from eight avian communities in northern Italy, we demonstrate how species richness can be modeled as a spatially varying function of habitat complexity.Extending the multi‐species occupancy model to accommodate data collected across multiple regions of interest (e.g., reserves or biomes) allows for joint estimation of region‐specific community size and permits species richness to be modeled as a function of region‐specific covariates. Our approach provides a mechanism for testing hypotheses about why and how species richness varies across space.
A Geospatial Analysis of Severe Firearm Injuries Compared to Other Injury Mechanisms: Event Characteristics, Location, Timing, and Outcomes
Authors: Newgard Craig D. , Sanchez Brittany J. , Bulger Eileen M. , Brasel Karen J. , Byers Adam , Buick Jason E. , Sheehan Kellie L. , Guyette Frank X. , King Richard V. , Mena‐Munoz Jorge , Minei Joseph P. , Schmicker Robert H. ,   the ROC Investigators
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesRelatively little is known about the context and location of firearm injury events. Using a prospective cohort of trauma patients, we describe and compare severe firearm injury events to other violent and nonviolent injury mechanisms regarding incident location, proximity to home, time of day, spatial clustering, and outcomes.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of injured children and adults with hypotension or Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8, injured by one of four primary injury mechanisms (firearm, stabbing, assault, and motor vehicle collision [MVC]) who were transported by emergency medical services to a Level I or II trauma center in 10 regions of the United States and Canada from January 1, 2010, through June 30, 2011. We used descriptive statistics and geospatial analyses to compare the injury groups, distance from home, outcomes, and spatial clustering.ResultsThere were 2,079 persons available for analysis, including 506 (24.3%) firearm injuries, 297 (14.3%) stabbings, 339 (16.3%) assaults, and 950 (45.7%) MVCs. Firearm injuries resulted in the highest proportion of serious injuries (66.3%), early critical resources (75.3%), and in‐hospital mortality (53.5%). Injury events occurring within 1 mile of a patient's home included 53.9% of stabbings, 49.2% of firearm events, 41.3% of assaults, and 20.0% of MVCs; the non‐MVC events frequently occurred at home. While there was geospatial clustering, 94.4% of firearm events occurred outside of geographic clusters.ConclusionsSevere firearm events tend to occur within a patient's own neighborhood, often at home, and generally outside of geospatial clusters. Public health efforts should focus on the home in all types of neighborhoods to reduce firearm violence.
Drivers' attitudes toward wildlife‐vehicle collisions with reptiles and other taxa
Authors: Crawford B. A. , Andrews K. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWildlife‐vehicle collisions threaten most wildlife taxa as road and traffic densities increase across landscapes. While the biophysical effects of roads on wildlife are well‐studied, research on psychosocial factors that influence wildlife‐vehicle collisions remains sparse. Road characteristics and species behavior are often used to estimate the frequency of collisions, but drivers' attitudes and intentions toward striking animals may put persecuted species at an elevated risk. To inform management and education of road impacts to wildlife, especially reptiles, we surveyed patrons of Jekyll Island (JI), Georgia, USA: to (1) measure their degree of concern for broad impacts of wildlife‐vehicle collisions; (2) gauge their degree of disfavor with hitting animals of different taxa with a vehicle; (3) understand specific predictors influencing attitudes toward hitting deer, turtles and snakes. Respondents were more concerned with personal safety and impacts to wildlife than damage to vehicles. They were most upset with collisions involving large mammals (bears and deer), domesticated animals (dogs and cats) and turtles, and they were least upset with hitting snakes. Respondents that showed concern for wildlife and had visited JI nature centers were more likely to be upset with hitting each taxa. Our results support previous psychosocial findings regarding negative attitudes toward snakes but additionally demonstrate that these attitudes can remain alongside positive attitudes toward other taxa, such as mammals and turtles. These findings can inform our ability to predict the frequency of wildlife‐vehicle collisions and tailor conservation messages toward taxa when negative attitudes exist.
Comparison of implant supported mandibular overdentures and conventional dentures on quality of life: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan G , Sridharan K 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundConventional complete dentures and implant supported overdentures are commonly used by dentists to treat completely edentulous mandibular arches. There have been problems associated with retention and stability while treating completely edentulous mandibular arches compared to maxillary arches. Many factors have been attributed to this, primarily focusing on the decreased area available for support and increased resorption. Implant supported overdentures have increased the treatment options for resorbed ridges, especially the mandible. However, no reports have proved the superiority of one treatment option over the other, especially in terms of patient‐centric outcome measures such as the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Hence, this meta‐analysis was conducted.MethodsA literature search of Medline (via PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) was performed. The reviewers screened titles, abstracts and performed full‐text screening of eligible studies. The references from these studies were further screened for additional relevant studies. A random effects model was applied to measure the significance of the per cent mean difference in OHIP scale improvement between implant and conventional dentures. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was applied to assess the selection, ascertainment and selective reporting biases.ResultsFive studies were reviewed and identified. Results of 441 patients (228 implant and 213 conventional) were pooled for analysis of primary outcome and other secondary outcomes. A forest plot of total OHIP scores and for secondary outcomes were obtained between the interventions. Results of 441 patients (228 implant and 213 conventional) were pooled for analysis of primary outcome with a mean difference [95% confidence interval] in the score of –30.72[–48.39, –13.05]; mean difference [95% confidence interval] in the score of –26.45[–43.56, –9.35] for functional limitation; –29.16[–60.89, 2.56] for physical pain; –77.61[–154.63, –0.60] for psychological discomfort; –33.70[–47.96, –19.44] for physical disability; –41.17[–55.93, –26.40] for psychological disability; –17.27[–29.44, 5.10] for social disability; and –28.45[–33.97, –22.92] for handicap. A statistically significant difference favouring the implant group was obtained except for physical pain.ConclusionsThe implant overdenture group performed better in regard to patient satisfaction as measured using the OHIP questionnaire. Further studies are required to identify superiority between the two treatment options.
Pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, suppurative hidradenitis (PASH) and polycystic ovary syndrome: Coincidentally or aetiologically connected?
Authors: Zivanovic Dubravka , Masirevic Iva , Ruzicka Thomas , Braun‐Falco Markus , Nikolic Milos 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe clinical triad of pyoderma gangrenosum, acne conglobata and hidradenitis suppurativa has been named PASH syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenism and inflammation. Hidradenitis suppurativa, like acne vulgaris, may be a feature of hyperandrogenism. Obesity may be associated with both hidradenitis suppurativa and PCOS. We describe a possible association between PASH syndrome and PCOS.
Unstable solar lentigo: A defined separate entity
Authors: Byrom Lisa , Barksdale Sarah , Weedon David , Muir Jim 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn unstable solar lentigo is a solar lentigo with areas of melanocytic hyperplasia not extending past the margin of the lesion. They are discrete, macular, pigmented lesions arising on sun‐damaged skin and a subset of typical solar lentigos. Clinically they differ from usual solar lentigines in often being solitary or larger and darker than adjacent solar lentigines. These lesions are of clinical importance as they can arise in close proximity to lentigo maligna and in a single lesion there can be demonstrated changes of solar lentigo, unstable solar lentigo and lentigo maligna. These observations led us to conjecture that unstable solar lentigos could be a precursor lesion to lentigo maligna. In this article we examine the possibility that lentigo maligna can arise within a solar lentigo through an intermediate lesion, the unstable solar lentigo. We propose that the histopathological recognition of this entity will allow for future research into its behaviour and thus management. We review difficulties in the diagnosis of single cell predominant melanocytic proliferations and the concept of unstable lentigo in view of the literature and clinical experience supporting the proposal of its recognition as a separate entity.
Sporting injuries, seasonal trend and impact on rural Australian hospitals: Implications and recommendations
Authors: Birdsey Matthew , Islam Md Rafiqul , Barmare Arshad 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of sporting injuries in a regional Australian setting and readiness of the rural health systems to combat the overall impact.Design, setting and participantsFive years of data between 2008 and 2012 from the Victorian Emergency Minimal Dataset showing sports injuries presenting to Goulburn Valley Base Hospital Emergency Department (ED) were analysed.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of overall sporting injuries including different types and location of injury in the body, seasonal variation for emergency presentation, mechanism of injury and hospital admissions.ResultsWe observed a total of 4537 Emergency presentations and 235 hospitalisations between 2008 and 2012 with sporting injuries. About 78% of injuries presented in the winter sporting months; the rate of injury was higher in the month of ‘May’ across the most data reviewing years. Also, there was a higher proportion of hospital admissions recorded in winter sporting months. We reported that those who played sports in winter were significantly younger than those in summer (P < 0.05). Sprains and strains due to different sporting activities were the commonest cause of ED presentations, while falls and collisions were the mostly reported mechanism for sporting injuries.ConclusionIt might be extrapolated from the data that within a regional setting, there is a need to optimise emergency departments and hospital bed availability with emphasis on orthopaedic involvements during the winter sporting months. Many of these sports injuries are preventable and community risk reduction strategies should be applied to reduce the burden to the regional hospitals.
Prevalence of sensitization to ‘improver’ enzymes in UK supermarket bakers
Authors: Jones M. , Welch J. , Turvey J , Cannon J. , Clark P. , Szram J. , Cullinan P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundSupermarket bakers are exposed not only to flour and alpha‐amylase but also to other ‘improver’ enzymes, the nature of which is usually shrouded by commercial sensitivity. We aimed to determine the prevalence of sensitization to ‘improver’ enzymes in UK supermarket bakers.MethodsWe examined the prevalence of sensitization to enzymes in 300 bakers, employed by one of two large supermarket bakeries, who had declared work‐related respiratory symptoms during routine health surveillance. Sensitization was determined using radioallergosorbent assay to eight individual enzymes contained in the specific ‘improver’ mix used by each supermarket.ResultsThe prevalence of sensitization to ‘improver’ enzymes ranged from 5% to 15%. Sensitization was far more likely if the baker was sensitized also to either flour or alpha‐amylase. The prevalence of sensitization to an ‘improver’ enzyme did not appear to be related to the concentration of that enzyme in the mix.ConclusionsWe report substantial rates of sensitization to enzymes other than alpha‐amylase in UK supermarket bakers; in only a small proportion of bakers was there evidence of sensitization to ‘improver mix’ enzymes without sensitization to either alpha‐amylase or flour. The clinical significance of these findings needs further investigation, but our findings indicate that specific sensitization in symptomatic bakers may not be identified without consideration of a wide range of workplace antigens.