bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact design strategies of cultural centres in South China
Authors: Yang Wang , Misheng Lin , Lijun Sun , Hao Tang , Hongwei Ma 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The number of cultural centres in South China shows an increasing trend. However, there is still a lack of research of this public building type and its related design strategy. This paper aims to identify general characteristics and presents design principles of cultural centres and thus enriches the theory of compact design strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 66 cases of cultural centres in South China have been investigated. The design patterns of these cultural centres projects are analysed by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The theory of compact design strategies is thus used to emphasize the systemic characteristics of cultural centres.

Findings
Cultural centres mostly have an overall floor area between 20,000-40,000 square metres (m2). Much cultural centres consist of three to four functional components. Different functional blocks are intensively organized in parallel or in series along a horizontal or vertical direction. The combination of multiple functions is divided into four usual composition types. The most common type is the “synthetical integration”. There are a total of four different distribution modes of integrated layout. Each of these modes can express different narrative themes according its needs, and four kinds of narrative themes are summarized.

Practical implications
Appropriate compact design strategies may be applied to improve the quality of public buildings in a region with the problem of land use limitation. Applications of results of this paper may enhance design efficiency or lead to more appropriate works.

Originality/value
Compact design strategies can be a guide for appropriate architectural design. The findings of this research provide regular design patterns for designers and engineers to streamline their design process.
IE *peug′‐ /*peuk′‐ ‘to pierce’ in Celtic: Old Irish og ‘sharp point’, ogam, and uaigid ‘stitches’, Gallo‐Latin Mars Ugius, Old Welsh ‐ug and Middle Welsh ‐y ‘fist’, Middle Welsh vch ‘fox’, and ancient names like Uccius
Authors: Sims‐Williams Patrick 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA systematic search for Celtic derivatives of IE *peug′‐ /*peuk′‐ ‘to pierce’ illustrates the extent to which Indo‐European etymological dictionaries have tended to overlook the existence of cognates in the Celtic languages.
Accuracy of self‐reported smoking abstinence in clinical trials of hospital‐initiated smoking interventions
Authors: Scheuermann Taneisha S. , Richter Kimber P. , Rigotti Nancy A. , Cummins Sharon E. , Harrington Kathleen F. , Sherman Scott E. , Zhu Shu‐Hong , Tindle Hilary A. , Preacher Kristopher J. ,   the Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART)
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimsTo estimate the prevalence and predictors of failed biochemical verification of self‐reported abstinence among participants enrolled in trials of hospital‐initiated smoking cessation interventions.DesignComparison of characteristics between participants who verified and those who failed to verify self‐reported abstinence.SettingsMulti‐site randomized clinical trials conducted between 2010 and 2014 in hospitals throughout the United States.ParticipantsRecently hospitalized smokers who reported tobacco abstinence 6 months post‐randomization and provided a saliva sample for verification purposes (n = 822).MeasurementsOutcomes were salivary cotinine‐verified smoking abstinence at 10 and 15 ng/ml cut‐points. Predictors and correlates included participant demographics and tobacco use; hospital diagnoses and treatment; and study characteristics collected via surveys and electronic medical records.FindingsUsable samples were returned by 69.8% of the 1178 eligible trial participants who reported 7‐day point prevalence abstinence. The proportion of participants verified as quit was 57.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.4, 61.2; 10 ng/ml cut‐off] or 60.6% (95% CI = 57.2, 63.9; 15 ng/ml). Factors associated independently with verification at 10 ng/ml were education beyond high school education [odds ratio (OR) = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.11], continuous abstinence since hospitalization (OR = 2.82; 95% CI = 2.02, 3.94), mailed versus in‐person sample (OR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.96, 5.21) and race. African American participants were less likely to verify abstinence than white participants (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.44, 0.93). Findings were similar for verification at 15 ng/ml. Verification rates did not differ by treatment group.ConclusionsIn the United States, high rates (40%) of recently hospitalized smokers enrolled in smoking cessation trials fail biochemical verification of their self‐reported abstinence.
Breastfeeding beyond the big smoke: Who provides support for mothers in rural Western Australia?
Authors: Cox Kylee , Giglia Roslyn , Binns Colin W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionDespite strong and growing evidence for the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months of age, few infants in developed countries reach this milestone. Although breastfeeding practice and its determinants are well described for women in metropolitan areas, there is limited evidence for rural and regional areas of Australia. This paper describes the influence of advice and support on breastfeeding duration for women in rural areas of Western Australia in the first 6 months of their infants' lives.MethodsA cohort of 427 women and their infants were recruited from hospitals in regional Western Australia and followed up for a period of 12 months. Information about feeding methods was gathered in hospital and at a further seven follow‐up contacts.ResultsWomen who had attended antenatal classes were less likely to have ceased exclusively breastfeeding before 6 months than those who had not attended classes (aHR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41–0.91). No significant associations were found between provision of information alone and duration of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding advice and support in the first 6 months was most commonly sought from Child Health Nurses, General Practitioners and friends.ConclusionsAntenatal group education is effective in supporting breastfeeding duration for rural women and should be a key priority for rural health service providers. Health professionals are common sources of breastfeeding support postnatally, however creating and maintaining positive and supportive social networks for mothers might also contribute to increasing the proportion of rural infants who meet the World Health Organization guidelines for exclusive breastfeeding.
The effects of tourist and boat traffic on parrot geophagy in lowland Peru
Authors: Lee Alan T. K. , Marsden Stuart J. , Tatum‐Hume Emma , Brightsmith Donald J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEcotourism generates important revenue in many developing economies, but poorly regulated ecotourism can threaten the long‐term viability of key biological resources. We determined the effects of tourism, boat traffic, and natural disturbances on parrot geophagy (soil consumption) across seven riverine claylicks in the lowlands of Madre de Dios, Peru. Claylick use significantly decreased when visitors did not follow good practice guidelines and tourist numbers exceeded the capacity of the observation blinds. Otherwise, tourist presence and natural disturbance did not have a significant effect. However, large macaws, particularly Red‐and‐green Macaws (Ara chloropterus), avoided visiting claylicks during periods of peak tourist numbers. Where parrots had multiple geophagy sites to choose from, they preferred sites further from tourist groups. The effect of boat disturbance was greatest on a narrow river with infrequent boat events. On a wider river with heavier traffic, boat disturbance had less of an effect and this effect was inversely proportional to the distance of boats from the claylick. Where visitors followed good‐practice tourism guidelines, they had a low overall negative effect on parrot geophagy. We recommend that visitors respect the claylick observation guidelines to minimize anthropogenic disturbance on parrots and maintain these sites for the benefit of wildlife and humans alike.
Parrots consume sodium‐rich palms in the sodium‐deprived landscape of the Western Amazon Basin
Authors: Brightsmith Donald J. , Cáceres Aimy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHerbivorous animals face shortages of different minerals in different geographic areas. In the Amazon Basin, sodium is often limiting, driving herbivores to seek supplemental sources. In the lowlands of the western Amazon Basin, parrots commonly consume sodium‐rich soils at clay licks but lick use varies widely among species, and to date, parrots in the region have not been reported consuming other supplemental sodium sources. We document 11 species of psittacines consuming sodium‐rich leaves and trunks ofAttalea butyraceapalms growing on sodium‐rich soils in lowland Peru. Consumed palms had more sodium and less potassium than uneatenA. butyraceapalms and other palm species in the area. AmongA. butyraceapalm parts, sodium and Na:K ratios were highest in trunks (consumed by parrots in 94% of the 387 foraging bouts recorded) and lowest in leaves (consumed in only 14% of foraging bouts). The low potassium and high Na:K ratio suggest that birds may be seeking not just any sodium sources, but those low in potassium, as potassium is known to exacerbate dietary sodium shortages. Use of the palms and species’ abundance in the study area were not correlated. Instead, parrot species that consumed palms the most were those that use relatively few traditional soil clay licks. This finding suggests that parrot species in the region have fundamental differences in preferred strategies for obtaining supplemental sodium and may help explain documented interspecific differences in geophagy.
Causal Learning Across Culture and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Wente Adrienne O. , Kimura Katherine , Walker Caren M. , Banerjee Nirajana , Fernández Flecha María , MacDonald Bridget , Lucas Christopher , Gopnik Alison 
Published: August 2017

Extensive research has explored the ability of young children to learn about the causal structure of the world from patterns of evidence. These studies, however, have been conducted with middle‐class samples from North America and Europe. In the present study, low‐income Peruvian 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds and adults, low‐income U.S. 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds in Head Start programs, and middle‐class children from the United States participated in a causal learning task (N = 435). Consistent with previous studies, children learned both specific causal relations and more abstract causal principles across culture and socioeconomic status (SES). The Peruvian children and adults generally performed like middle‐class U.S. children and adults, but the low‐SES U.S. children showed some differences.
B cell activating factor (BAFF) and BAFF receptors: fakes and facts
Authors: Ferraccioli G , Gremese E 
Published: August 2017

Summary
Analysis of B cell activating factor (BAFF) receptors before and after B cell depletion therapy (BCDT) might offer a clue to the understanding of whether some B cell subsets may represent useful biomarkers of biological and clinical responses. Among the BAFF receptors in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, the AA have shown, by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of median fluorescence intensity (MFI), that transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) do not change, whereas the most important, BAFF receptor 3 (BR3), appears to be decreased before as well as after BCDT in all B cell subsets but not in plasmablasts, the most important subset, depleted by BCDT.
Families beyond boundaries: Conceptualising kinship in gay and lesbian adoption and fostering
Authors: Wood Kate 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses some key findings taken from a qualitative study conducted with gay and lesbian adopters and foster carers in England and Wales. The study examined the experiences of 24 self‐identified lesbians and gay men, who had been involved in adoption or fostering processes since the introduction of the Adoption and Children Act, 2002. This article will explore why participants chose to adopt or foster and their approach to relationships generated through these routes. Findings indicate that gay and lesbian applicants troubled dominant conceptualisations of family and kinship and revealed both heteronormative and nuclear constructions of parenting within adoption and fostering social work. In contrast, participants often demonstrated a reflexive and creative approach to caring for looked after children. This paper will therefore consider how professionals can recognise nuanced or complex relationships, situated beyond traditional frameworks, through drawing upon wider concepts within sociological literature.
Monetary integration, soft budget constraints, and the EMU sovereign debt crises
Authors: Baskaran Thushyanthan , Hessami Zohal 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOne possible explanation for the European sovereign debt crises is that the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) gave rise to consolidation fatigue or even deliberate over‐borrowing. This paper explores the validity of this explanation by studying how three decisive stages in the history of the EMU affected public borrowing in EU member states: the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, the introduction of the Euro, and the suspension of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). The methodology relies on difference‐in‐difference regressions for 26 OECD countries over the 1975–2009 period. The findings indicate that the Maastricht treaty reduced deficits especially in traditionally high‐deficit countries. In contrast, the introduction of the Euro and the watering down of the original SGP led on average to higher borrowing. These results indicate that the introduction of the Euro and the suspension of the SGP led to soft budget constraints in the EMU.
The implementation of internationalisation in Israeli teacher training colleges
Authors: Yemini Miri , Hermoni Julie , Holzmann Vered , Shokty Liron , Jayusi Wurud , Natur Nazeh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHigher education institutions worldwide are increasingly investing in ‘internationalisation’, although its meanings and measures differ significantly between contexts, countries, and institutions. This article analyses the implementation of internationalisation in three second‐tier higher education institutions specialising in teacher training programmes in Israel under an EU‐funded TEMPUS (Trans‐European Mobility Programme for University Studies) project. We show how internationalisation is implemented at these institutions, where diverse motivations, power relations, and ideas intervene. We discuss the main themes that emerged through semi‐structured interviews with the colleges’ leadership, supporting our findings with a content analysis of the colleges’ strategic plans. Our study provides new insights, revealing how the EU internationalisation agenda is interpreted locally in such settings, thereby highlighting the importance of the particular context in this process.
Phenotypic change in trigeminal ganglion neurons associated with satellite cell activation via extracellular signal‐regulated kinase phosphorylation is involved in lingual neuropathic pain
Authors: Mikuzuki Lou , Saito Hiroto , Katagiri Ayano , Okada Shinji , Sugawara Shiori , Kubo Asako , Ohara Kinuyo , Lee Jun , Toyofuku Akira , Iwata Koichi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIatrogenic trigeminal nerve injuries remain a common and complex clinical problem. Satellite glial cell (SGC) activation, associated phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), and neuropeptide expression in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) are known to be involved in trigeminal neuropathic pain related to trigeminal nerve injury. However, the involvement of these molecules in orofacial neuropathic pain mechanisms is still unknown. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in lingual nerve crush (LNC) rats was observed in SGCs. To evaluate the role of neuron–SGC interactions under neuropathic pain, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐immunoreactive (IR), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2)‐IR and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐IR cells in the TG were studied in LNC rats. The number of CGRP‐IR neurons and neurons encircled with pERK1/2‐IR SGCs was significantly larger in LNC rats compared with sham rats. The percentage of large‐sized CGRP‐IR neurons was significantly higher in LNC rats. The number of CGRP‐IR neurons, neurons encircled with pERK1/2‐IR SGCs, and neurons encircled with GFAP‐IR SGCs was decreased following CGRP receptor blocker CGRP8‐37 or mitogen‐activated protein kinase/ERK kinase 1 inhibitor PD98059 administration into the TG after LNC. Reduced thresholds to mechanical and heat stimulation to the tongue in LNC rats were also significantly recovered following CGRP8‐37 or PD98059 administration. The present findings suggest that CGRP released from TG neurons activates SGCs through ERK1/2 phosphorylation and TG neuronal activity is enhanced, resulting in the tongue hypersensitivity associated with lingual nerve injury. The phenotypic switching of large myelinated TG neurons expressing CGRP may account for the pathogenesis of tongue neuropathic pain.
Evidence for systemic age underestimation in shark and ray ageing studies
Authors: Harry Alastair Varley 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNumerous studies have now demonstrated that the most common method of ageing sharks and rays, counting growth zones on calcified structures, can underestimate true age. I reviewed bomb carbon dating (n = 15) and fluorochrome chemical marking (n = 44) age validation studies to investigate the frequency and magnitude of this phenomenon. Age was likely to have been underestimated in nine of 29 genera and 30% of the 53 populations studied, including 50% of those validated using bomb carbon dating. Length and age were strongly significant predictors of occurrence, with age typically underestimated in larger and older individuals. These characteristics suggest age underestimation is likely a systemic issue associated with the current methods and structures used for ageing. Where detected using bomb carbon dating, growth zones were reliable up to 88% of asymptotic length (L∞) and 41% of maximum age (AMax). The maximum magnitude of age underestimation, ΔMax, ranged from five to 34 years, averaging 18 years across species. Current perceptions of shark and ray life histories are informed to a large extent by growth studies that assume calcified ageing structures are valid throughout life. The widespread age underestimation documented here shows this assumption is frequently violated, with potentially important consequences for conservation and management. In addition to leading to an underestimation of longevity, the apparent loss of population age‐structure associated with it may unexpectedly bias growth and mortality parameters. Awareness of these biases is essential given shark and ray population assessments often rely exclusively on life history parameters derived from ageing studies.
Efficacy of three‐in‐one capsule bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in clinical practice in a multinational patient population
Authors: Miehlke Stephan , Frederking Dorothea , Günther Thomas , Glocker Erik , Eisele Bianca , Andresen Viola , Schröder Sören , Morgner Andrea 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundBismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) has been proven superior to standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in randomized clinical trials; however, little is known about the efficacy of BQT in daily routine practice.MethodsIn a single‐center cohort study, we analyzed consecutive H. pylori‐positive patients in whom three‐in‐one capsule BQT (Pylera® + omeprazole) has been prescribed. All patients were instructed in a standardized fashion, and a prospective follow‐up was planned. PCR on gastric biospies for clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance was performed before treatment in a subgroup of patients. Treatment outcome was assessed by 13C urea breath test or by histology not earlier than 4 weeks after end of treatment.ResultsThree‐in‐one capsule BQT has been prescribed in 322 patients. Approximately 70.2% of patients had a migrational background. PCR results were available in 163 patients and identified resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin in 29 (17.8%) and 20 (12.3%) of cases, respectively. BQT was prescribed as first‐line, second‐line, and salvage treatments in 74%, 17%, and 9% of cases, respectively. Five patients discontinued treatment due to side effects (1.8%). By modified intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyzes, the overall H. pylori eradication rates were 95.0% (95% CI 94.92%‐95.08%) and 96.7% (95% CI 94.6%‐98.8%), respectively. The low number of treatment failures (n = 9) did not allow to identify risk factors for failure.ConclusionThree‐in‐one capsule bismuth quadruple therapy is effective and safe for treatment of H. pylori infection in routine practice, irrespective of the patient's migrational background or the number of previous treatment failures.
Association of baseline vitamin D level with genetic determinants and virologic response in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Yu Rui , Tan Deming , Ning Qin , Niu Junqi , Bai Xuefan , Chen Shijun , Cheng Jun , Yu Yanyan , Wang Hao , Xu Min , Shi Guangfeng , Wan Mobin , Chen Xinyue , Tang Hong , Sheng Jifang , Dou Xiaoguang , Shi Junping , Ren Hong , Wang Maorong , Zhang Hongfei , Gao Zhiliang , Chen Chengwei , Ma Hong , Jia Jidong , Hou Jinlin , Xie Qing , Sun Jian 
Published: August 2017

AimThe role of vitamin D in individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is unclear. We aimed to explore the association of baseline vitamin D level with genetic determinants and week‐104 treatment outcome in CHB patients.MethodsBaseline serum 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) levels and genetic polymorphism within GC, DHCR7, and CYP2R1 were determined in stored serum of 560 patients who were enrolled into a multicenter, randomized, controlled study and completed 104 weeks of telbivudine monotherapy or telbivudine‐based optimized therapy. Virologic response was defined as hepatitis B virus DNA <300 copies/mL (52 IU/mL) at week 104.ResultsThe mean 25(OH)D value was 29.64 ng/mL. The percentage of patients with vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) and vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) were 55.0% and 20.9%, respectively. Gender, season, latitude, and GC rs2282679 polymorphism were independent factors of vitamin D status. Patients with sufficient vitamin D (≥30 ng/mL) achieved a higher virologic response rate than those with vitamin D insufficiency (81.7% vs. 67.2%, P < 0.001). The area under the curve of 25(OH)D to predict virologic response was 0.65 (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.67). On multivariate analysis, 25(OH)D level was an independent predictor of virologic response, but not associated with hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization.ConclusionsVitamin D insufficiency was highly prevalent in treatment‐naïve CHB patients in mainland China. Latitude and genetic determinants affect vitamin D status. Baseline vitamin D level can predict week‐104 virologic response, but not HBeAg seroconversion or ALT normalization.