bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home‐based elderly care development in Hebei Province, China: A systematic literature review
Authors: Cao Ruoyi , Yusof Masarah Mohamad , Ali Isahaque 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHebei, one of China's most populous provinces, is facing increasing pressure on its elderly care services due to a rapidly aging population. Home‐Based Elderly Care (HBEC) has emerged as a potential solution to alleviate this pressure. However, this care model is significantly impacted by various external environmental changes. The study employed a literature analysis method, conducting a PEST analysis, to examine the environmental factors influencing the progress of HBEC in Hebei Province, China. The findings offer novel research perspectives to inform strategic development in the HBEC industry. The study identified 19 environmental factors, both favorable and adverse, shaping the development of HBEC in Hebei Province. Based on these findings, the study recommends integrating laws, regulations, and systems, clarifying government roles, optimizing funding structure, expanding service delivery channels, enhancing public awareness of elderly care, and broadening professional talent development pathways. These insights can be valuable for policymakers, educators, and researchers seeking to understand the challenges and opportunities in the field, ultimately improving the well‐being of China's elderly population.
Trends in Distress‐Free Life Expectancy in Japan, 2010–2022
Authors: Minagawa Yuka 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTExtensive literature exists on the physical health of the Japanese population whereas relatively little is known about their mental health. Moreover, most studies have assessed physical and mental health separately, and this further confounds the relationship between the two. Using the concept of health expectancy, this study investigated the trends in the relationship between physical and mental health among Japanese men and women aged 20 years or more between 2010 and 2022. Psychological distress, based on the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions, was used as an indicator of mental health. We employed Sullivan's method to estimate the length of life with or without distress of varying degrees. Our results showed substantial improvements in distress‐free life expectancy for both genders during the study period. Younger people have gained more distress‐free years than their older counterparts, placing older individuals, especially men, at an increased risk of psychological distress. These findings contribute to the literature on longevity in Japan by quantifying the role of mental health in the population's overall health. Given the recent increase in mental health problems, greater policy emphasis on the relationship between physical and mental health status is required.
Exploring the role of Large Language Models in haematology: A focused review of applications, benefits and limitations
Authors: Mudrik Aya , Nadkarni Girish N. , Efros Orly , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Klang Eyal , Soffer Shelly 
Published: September 2024

SummaryLarge language models (LLMs) have significantly impacted various fields with their ability to understand and generate human‐like text. This study explores the potential benefits and limitations of integrating LLMs, such as ChatGPT, into haematology practices. Utilizing systematic review methodologies, we analysed studies published after 1 December 2022, from databases like PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, and assessing each for bias with the QUADAS‐2 tool. We reviewed 10 studies that applied LLMs in various haematology contexts. These models demonstrated proficiency in specific tasks, such as achieving 76% diagnostic accuracy for haemoglobinopathies. However, the research highlighted inconsistencies in performance and reference accuracy, indicating variability in reliability across different uses. Additionally, the limited scope of these studies and constraints on datasets could potentially limit the generalizability of our findings. The findings suggest that, while LLMs provide notable advantages in enhancing diagnostic processes and educational resources within haematology, their integration into clinical practice requires careful consideration. Before implementing them in haematology, rigorous testing and specific adaptation are essential. This involves validating their accuracy and reliability across different scenarios. Given the field's complexity, it is also critical to continuously monitor these models and adapt them responsively.
Contemporary short‐term peri‐operative outcomes of open primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
Authors: McFadden Jacob D. , Masterson Timothy A. , Cary Clint 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo provide current peri‐operative outcomes and short‐term complication rates for open primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), with analysis of risk factors for complications.Patients and MethodsUsing the Indiana University Testicular Cancer database, we performed a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent open primary RPLND over the study period (2018–2021). The primary outcomes of interest were the preoperative profile of patients undergoing surgery, complication rates, and identification of risk factors associated with complications. We used chi‐squared, Fisher's exact and unpaired t‐tests in our analyses.ResultsA total of 165 patients were identified. The median body mass index (BMI) was 28.6 kg/m2. Patients most often had clinical stage IIA (39%) or IIB testicular cancer (36%). The median estimated blood loss was 150 mL, with no transfusions required. Higher BMI was noted in patients that sustained any complication vs those with normal recovery (34.95 vs 28 kg/m2; P = 0.0042). The median length of hospital stay was 3 days. The overall complication rate was low (8.48%), with two major postoperative complications, including one case of chylous ascites (0.6%), and no deaths in the 30‐day period. The study was limited by its retrospective design and short‐term follow‐up.ConclusionsWe found that open primary RPLND has an acceptable morbidity profile, even among a predominantly overweight cohort. Low blood loss, short hospital stay, minimal chylous ascites risk, and rare major postoperative complications should be the benchmark for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.
A novel histopathological feature of spatial tumor–stroma distribution predicts lung squamous cell carcinoma prognosis
Authors: Taki Tetsuro , Koike Yutaro , Adachi Masahiro , Sakashita Shingo , Sakamoto Naoya , Kojima Motohiro , Aokage Keiju , Ishikawa Shumpei , Tsuboi Masahiro , Ishii Genichiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe used a mathematical approach to investigate the quantitative spatial profile of cancer cells and stroma in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues and its clinical relevance. The study enrolled 132 patients with 3–5 cm peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma, resected at the National Cancer Center Hospital East. We utilized machine learning to segment cancer cells and stroma on cytokeratin AE1/3 immunohistochemistry images. Subsequently, a spatial form of Shannon's entropy was employed to precisely quantify the spatial distribution of cancer cells and stroma. This quantification index was defined as the spatial tumor–stroma distribution index (STSDI). The patients were classified as STSDI‐low and ‐high groups for clinicopathological comparison. The STSDI showed no significant association with baseline clinicopathological features, including sex, age, pathological stage, and lymphovascular invasion. However, the STSDI‐low group had significantly shorter recurrence‐free survival (5‐years RFS: 49.5% vs. 76.2%, p < 0.001) and disease‐specific survival (5‐years DSS: 53.6% vs. 81.5%, p < 0.001) than the STSDI‐high group. In contrast, the application of Shannon's entropy without spatial consideration showed no correlation with patient outcomes. Moreover, low STSDI was an independent unfavorable predictor of tumor recurrence and disease‐specific death (RFS; HR = 2.668, p < 0.005; DSS; HR = 3.057, p < 0.005), alongside the pathological stage. Further analysis showed a correlation between low STSDI and destructive growth patterns of cancer cells within tumors, potentially explaining the aggressive nature of STSDI‐low tumors. In this study, we presented a novel approach for histological analysis of cancer tissues that revealed the prognostic significance of spatial tumor–stroma distribution in lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Prostate cancer treatment recommendation study based on machine learning and SHAP interpreter
Authors: Tang Shengsheng , Zhang Hongzheng , Liang Junhao , Tang Shishi , Li Lin , Li Yuxuan , Xu Yuan , Wang Daohu , Zhou Yi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study utilized data from 140,294 prostate cancer cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Here, 10 different machine learning algorithms were applied to develop treatment options for predicting patients with prostate cancer, differentiating between surgical and non‐surgical treatments. The performances of the algorithms were measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method was employed to investigate the key factors influencing the prediction process. Survival analysis methods were used to compare the survival rates of different treatment options. The CatBoost model yielded the best results (AUC = 0.939, sensitivity = 0.877, accuracy = 0.877). SHAP interpreters revealed that the T stage, cancer stage, age, cores positive percentage, prostate‐specific antigen, and Gleason score were the most critical factors in predicting treatment options. The study found that surgery significantly improved survival rates, with patients undergoing surgery experiencing a 20.36% increase in 10‐year survival rates compared with those receiving non‐surgical treatments. Among surgical options, radical prostatectomy had the highest 10‐year survival rate at 89.2%. This study successfully developed a predictive model to guide treatment decisions for prostate cancer. Moreover, the model enhanced the transparency of the decision‐making process, providing clinicians with a reference for formulating personalized treatment plans.
High‐quality expert annotations enhance artificial intelligence model accuracy for osteosarcoma X‐ray diagnosis
Authors: Hasei Joe , Nakahara Ryuichi , Otsuka Yujiro , Nakamura Yusuke , Hironari Tamiya , Kahara Naoaki , Miwa Shinji , Ohshika Shusa , Nishimura Shunji , Ikuta Kunihiro , Osaki Shuhei , Yoshida Aki , Fujiwara Tomohiro , Nakata Eiji , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrimary malignant bone tumors, such as osteosarcoma, significantly affect the pediatric and young adult populations, necessitating early diagnosis for effective treatment. This study developed a high‐performance artificial intelligence (AI) model to detect osteosarcoma from X‐ray images using highly accurate annotated data to improve diagnostic accuracy at initial consultations. Traditional models trained on unannotated data have shown limited success, with sensitivities of approximately 60%–70%. In contrast, our model used a data‐centric approach with annotations from an experienced oncologist, achieving a sensitivity of 95.52%, specificity of 96.21%, and an area under the curve of 0.989. The model was trained using 468 X‐ray images from 31 osteosarcoma cases and 378 normal knee images with a strategy to maximize diversity in the training and validation sets. It was evaluated using an independent dataset of 268 osteosarcoma and 554 normal knee images to ensure generalizability. By applying the U‐net architecture and advanced image processing techniques such as renormalization and affine transformations, our AI model outperforms existing models, reducing missed diagnoses and enhancing patient outcomes by facilitating earlier treatment. This study highlights the importance of high‐quality training data and advocates a shift towards data‐centric AI development in medical imaging. These insights can be extended to other rare cancers and diseases, underscoring the potential of AI in transforming diagnostic processes in oncology. The integration of this AI model into clinical workflows could support physicians in early osteosarcoma detection, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and patient care.
Exploration in 4‐year‐old children is guided by learning progress and novelty
Authors: Poli Francesco , Meyer Marlene , Mars Rogier B. , Hunnius Sabine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHumans are driven by an intrinsic motivation to learn, but the developmental origins of curiosity‐driven exploration remain unclear. We investigated the computational principles guiding 4‐year‐old children's exploration during a touchscreen game (N = 102, F = 49, M = 53, primarily white and middle‐class, data collected in the Netherlands from 2021–2023). Children guessed the location of characters that were hiding following predictable (yet noisy) patterns. Children could freely switch characters, which allowed us to quantify when they decided to explore something different and what they chose to explore. Bayesian modeling of their responses revealed that children selected activities that were more novel and offered greater learning progress (LP). Moreover, children's interest in making LP correlated with better learning performance. These findings highlight the importance of novelty and LP in guiding children's exploration.
Remote ischemic preconditioning prevents high‐altitude cerebral edema by enhancing glucose metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Han Rongrong , Yang Xiaoyan , Ji Xunming , Zhou Bing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsIncidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) ranges from 40%–90%, with high‐altitude cerebral edema (HACE) representing a life‐threatening end stage of severe AMS. However, practical and convenient preventive strategies for HACE are lacking. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has demonstrated preventive effects on ischemia‐ or hypoxia‐induced cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of HACE and the application of RIPC in preventing HACE onset.MethodsA hypobaric hypoxia chamber was used to simulate a high‐altitude environment of 7000 meters. Metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis were employed to assay metabolite levels. Transcriptomics and quantitative real‐time PCR (q‐PCR) were used to investigate gene expression levels. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on neurons to label cellular proteins. The fluorescent probes Mito‐Dendra2, iATPSnFR1.0, and CMTMRos were used to observe mitochondria, ATP, and membrane potential in cultured neurons, respectively. TUNEL staining was performed to detect and quantify apoptotic cell death. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to analyze pathological changes, such as tissue swelling in cerebral cortex samples. The Rotarod test was performed to assess motor coordination and balance in rats. Oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) of cultured cells was employed as an in vitro model to simulate the hypoxia and hypoglycemia induced by RIPC in animal experiments.ResultsWe revealed a causative perturbation of glucose metabolism in the brain preceding cerebral edema. Ischemic preconditioning treatment significantly reprograms glucose metabolism, ameliorating cell apoptosis and hypoxia‐induced energy deprivation. Notably, ischemic preconditioning improves mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production through enhanced glucose‐coupled mitochondrial metabolism. In vivo studies confirm that RIPC alleviates cerebral edema, reduces cell apoptosis induced by high‐altitude hypoxia, and improves motor dysfunction resulting from cerebral edema.ConclusionsOur study elucidates the metabolic basis of HACE pathogenesis. This study provides a new strategy for preventing HACE that RIPC reduces brain edema through reprogramming metabolism, highlighting the potential of targeting metabolic reprogramming for neuroprotective interventions in neurological diseases caused by ischemia or hypoxia.
Effect of uneven tolerance to human disturbance on dominance interactions of top predators
Authors: Villalva Pablo , Palomares Francisco , Zanin Marina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic activities may alter felid assemblage structure, facilitating the persistence of tolerant species (commonly mesopredators), excluding ecologically demanding ones (top predators) and, consequently, changing coexistence rules. We aimed to determine how human activities influence intraguild relationships among top predators and their cascading effects on mesopredators, which remain poorly understood despite evidence of top carnivore decline. We used structural equation modeling at a continental scale to investigate how habitat quality and quantity, livestock density, and other human pressures modified the intraguild relations of the 3 species that are at the top of the food chain in the Neotropics: jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). We included presence–absence data derived from systematic studies compiled in Neocarnivores data set for these felid species at 0.0833° resolution. Human disturbance reduced the probability of jaguar occurrence by −0.35 standard deviations. Unexpectedly, the presence of sheep (Ovis aries) or goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) and jaguars was positively related to the presence of pumas, whereas puma presence was negatively related to the presence of ocelots. Extent of forest cover had more of an effect on jaguar (β = 0.23) and ocelot (β = 0.12) occurrences than the extent of protected area, which did not have a significant effect. The lack of effect of human activities on puma presence and the positive effect of small livestock supports the notion that pumas are more adaptable to habitat disturbance than jaguars. Our findings suggest that human disturbance has the potential to reverse the hierarchical competition dominance among large felids, leading to an unbalanced community structure. This shift disadvantages jaguars and elevates the position of pumas in the assemblage hierarchy, resulting in the exclusion of ocelots, despite their relatively lower susceptibility to anthropogenic disturbance. Our results suggest that conservation efforts should extend beyond protected areas to encompass the surrounding landscape, where complexities and potential conflicts are more pronounced.
Capability of big data to capture threatened vertebrate diversity in protected areas
Authors: Cordier Javier M. , Osorio‐Olvera Luis , Huais Pablo Y. , Tomba Ana N. , Villalobos Fabricio , Nori Javier 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProtected areas (PAs) are an essential tool for conservation amid the global biodiversity crisis. Optimizing PAs to represent species at risk of extinction is crucial. Vertebrate representation in PAs is assessed using species distribution databases from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Evaluating and addressing discrepancies and biases in these data sources are vital for effective conservation strategies. Our objective was to gain insights into the potential constraints (e.g., differences and biases) of these global repositories to objectively depict the diversity of threatened vertebrates in the global system of PAs. We assessed differences in species richness (SR) of threatened vertebrates as reported by IUCN and GBIF in PAs globally and then compared how biased this information was with reports from independent sources for a subset of PAs. Both databases showed substantial differences in SR in PAs (t = −62.35, p ≤ 0.001), but differences varied among regions and vertebrate groups. When these results were compared with data from independent assessments, IUCN overestimated SR by 575% on average and GBIF underestimated SR by 63% on average, again with variable results among regions and groups. Our results indicate the need to improve analyses of the representativeness of threatened vertebrates in PAs such that robust and unbiased assessments of PA effectiveness can be conducted. The scientific community and decision makers should consider these regional and taxonomic disparities when using IUCN and GBIF distributional data sources in PA assessment. Overall, supplementing information in these databases could lead to more robust and reliable analyses. Additional efforts to acquire more comprehensive and unbiased data on species distributions to support conservation decisions are clearly needed.
Bronchoscopic Interventional Therapy Combined With Pembrolizumab in the Treatment of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Fan Yingyi , Wang Yingying , Ji Yanrong , Li Shuang , Zhang Jian , Hao Xingliang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study reports a significant clinical outcome following the use of bronchoscopic interventional therapy combined with pembrolizumab for treating pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), showcasing a novel approach in managing this aggressive cancer.
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin add‐on to evogliptin plus metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Jeong In‐Kyung , Choi Kyung Mook , Han Kyung Ah , Kim Kyoung‐Ah , Kim In Joo , Han Seung Jin , Lee Won Young , Yoo Soon Jib 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin versus placebo as an add‐on in patients with type 2 diabetes who did not achieve adequate glycaemic control with evogliptin and metformin combination.Patients and MethodsIn this multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Phase 3 trial, patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol) and ≤10.5% (≤91 mmol/mol) who had received stable‐dose metformin (≥1000 mg) and evogliptin (5 mg) for at least 8 weeks were randomized to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo once daily for 24 weeks. Participants continued treatment with metformin and evogliptin. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c level after 24 weeks of treatment from baseline level.ResultsIn total, 198 patients were randomized, and 195 patients were included in the efficacy analyses (dapagliflozin: 96, placebo: 99). At Week 24, dapagliflozin significantly reduced HbA1c levels. The least squares mean difference in HbA1c level change from baseline after 24 weeks of treatment was −0.70% (−7.7 mmol/mol) (p < 0.0001). The proportion of participants achieving HbA1c <7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol) was higher in the dapagliflozin group than in the placebo group. Compared to placebo, dapagliflozin significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose, mean daily glucose, 2‐h postprandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, uric acid and gamma‐glutamyl transferase levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index, body weight, hepatic steatosis index, and albuminuria. Adiponectin level significantly increased from baseline level after 24 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment. Adverse event rates were similar in the two groups.ConclusionDapagliflozin add‐on to evogliptin plus metformin improved glycaemic control and was well tolerated by the target patients.