bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interspecific reproductive barriers between sympatric populations of wild tomato species (Solanum section Lycopersicon)
Authors: Baek You Soon , Royer Suzanne M. , Broz Amanda K. , Covey Paul A. , López‐Casado Gloria , Nuñez Reynaldo , Kear Philip J. , Bonierbale Merideth , Orillo Matilde , van der Knaap Esther , Stack Stephen M. , McClure Bruce , Chetelat Roger T. , Bedinger Patricia A. 
Published: November 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Interspecific reproductive barriers (IRBs) often prevent hybridization between closely related species in sympatry. In the tomato clade (Solanum section Lycopersicon), interspecific interactions between natural sympatric populations have not been evaluated previously. In this study, we assessed IRBs between members of the tomato clade from nine sympatric sites in Peru.METHODS:Coflowering was assessed at sympatric sites in Peru. Using previously collected seeds from sympatric sites in Peru, we evaluated premating prezygotic (floral morphology), postmating prezygotic (pollen‐tube growth), and postzygotic barriers (fruit and seed development) between sympatric species in common gardens. Pollen‐tube growth and seed development were examined in reciprocal crosses between sympatric species.KEY RESULTS:We confirmed coflowering of sympatric species at five sites in Peru. We found three types of postmating prezygotic IRBs during pollen–pistil interactions: (1) unilateral pollen‐tube rejection between pistils of self‐incompatible species and pollen of self‐compatible species; (2) potential conspecific pollen precedence in a cross between two self‐incompatible species; and (3) failure of pollen tubes to target ovules. In addition, we found strong postzygotic IRBs that prevented normal seed development in 11 interspecific crosses, resulting in seed‐like structures containing globular embryos and aborted endosperm and, in some cases, overgrown endothelium. Viable seed and F1 hybrid plants were recovered from three of 19 interspecific crosses.CONCLUSIONS:We have identified diverse prezygotic and postzygotic IRBs that would prevent hybridization between sympatric wild tomato species, but interspecific hybridization is possible in a few cases.
Les dirigeants gèrent-ils les résultats comptables avant d’annoncer une réduction d’effectifs ? Le cas des entreprises françaises cotées
Authors: Verdier Marie-Anne , Boutant Jennifer 
Published: November 2016

Cet article vise à observer si les dirigeants adoptent un comportement de gestion des résultats (GR) dans le contexte des réductions d’effectifs. Nous supposons une GR à la baisse avant l’annonce de l’opération afin de montrer son caractère nécessaire et limiter ainsi la survenance de coûts politiques. L’étude empirique est conduite sur un échantillon de 120 annonces de réduction d’effectifs réalisées par 104 entreprises cotées françaises entre 2007 et 2012. Les résultats confirment une GR à la baisse d’environ 4 % du total actif des entreprises. De manière globale, cette étude permet de valider l’hypothèse des coûts politiques dans le contexte des réductions d’effectifs.
De l’utilitarisme religieux de la république laïque en monde pénitentiaire
Authors: de Galembert Claire 
Published: November 2016

Si la religion est reconnue en prison, la place de l’islam y a été longtemps négligée, et ce en dépit du nombre croissant de détenus pouvant être considérés comme musulmans. Cette situation de déficit s’améliore progressivement depuis plusieurs années, le processus de rattrapage s’accélérant avec les inquiétudes liées à ce qui est présenté comme une contribution majeure de la prison à la radicalisation de jeunes musulmans. Aussi le rôle des aumôniers musulmans et leur reconnaissance tardive ne sont pas sans ambiguïté, nous rappelle Claire de Galembert, à partir d’une enquête collective publiée en 2016.
L’autre peine de mort
Authors: Bérard Jean 
Published: November 2016

François Molins, procureur de la République de Paris, a annoncé le 2 septembre 2016 un durcissement considérable de la politique pénale envers les justiciables et détenu.e.s dit.e.s « radicalisé.e.s » ; il s’agit, explique t-il, de développer une stratégie visant à « protéger la société en laissant plus longtemps en prison » des individus qui rentrent de Syrie. L’évolution plus générale dans laquelle s’inscrivent ces options pénales montre à quel point la perpétuité réelle constitue toujours un fantasme, voire un objectif pour ceux qui n’ont toujours pas digéré l’abolition de la peine de mort. Jean Bérard reprend ici les termes du débat.
Filmer en prison
Authors: Simon Patrick 
Published: November 2016

Stéphane Mercurio est réalisatrice de documentaires et en a tourné plusieurs sur le monde de la prison. Dans À côté (2012), elle s’est intéressée aux familles qui viennent visiter des hommes détenus à la prison de Rennes. Le film est tourné dans une maison d’accueil à proximité de la prison où les familles attendent et partagent ces moments d’attente. Dans A l’ombre de la République (2014), dont il sera question dans cet entretien, elle a pu suivre les inspections du contrôleur des prisons dans quatre établissements représentant assez bien la diversité des lieux d’enfermement, bien que les conditions ordinaires de surpeuplement n’y soient pas observées : la maison d’arrêt pour femmes de Versailles (qui reçoit 54 détenues pour 76 places et où 60 % des femmes sont en attente d’un jugement, où un centre d’appel téléphonique fait travailler la plupart des détenues pour des salaires horaires variant entre 1,67 ? et 2,18 ? et sans les garanties habituelles du droit du travail) ; l’hôpital psychiatrique d’Evreux (où 273 patients sont hospitalisés, dont un tiers contre leur gré) ; le centre pénitentiaire de Bourg-en-Bresse (qui est une nouvelle prison ouverte en 2010, où tout est neuf et pourtant où l’inhumanité des lieux est frappante. La plupart des détenus sont des prévenus en attente d’un jugement et les autres purgent des courtes peines) et enfin la centrale de Saint-Martin-de-Ré (qui enferme les condamnés aux longues peines, pour certains à perpétuité). Le regard de Stéphane Mercurio reste toujours à la bonne distance, profitant des interactions avec les contrôleurs et contrôleuses pour faire entendre la voix et l’expérience des détenu.e.s. Nous revenons dans cet entretien sur les conditions de ce tournage à bien des égards exceptionnel et sur le regard que la réalisatrice porte sur l’univers carcéral.
Des quartiers relégués au contrôle des prisons : l’action libre d’un haut fonctionnaire
Authors: Chantraine Gilles , Epstein Renaud 
Published: November 2016

Jean-Marie Delarue a été contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté de 2008 à 2014. Premier titulaire du poste, il a permis à cette autorité administrative indépendante chargée de veiller au respect des droits fondamentaux dans les lieux d’enfermement de trouver sa place dans le paysage administratif français. Son action a marqué le débat autour de la prison grâce à son indépendance et sa capacité à rendre visibles des problèmes et audibles des personnes qui étaient tenus à l’écart du débat public. Mouvements a souhaité interroger ce haut fonctionnaire atypique qui, par le courage de ses prises de position, a construit un parcours au service de l’Etat et des citoyen.ne.s trop rare dans les cercles de la décision publique. En revenant sur son itinéraire, de la faculté de Vincennes à l’ENA, de la Délégation interministérielle à la Ville au Contrôle général des lieux de privation de liberté en passant par la Direction des libertés publiques du ministère de l’Intérieur, Jean-Marie Delarue nous livre une réflexion critique sur l’exclusion et l’enfermement, mais aussi sur les transformations de l’État et la formation intellectuelle de ceux et celles qui le dirige.
Politiques de la délégitimation : de la remise en cause de la double nationalité au projet d’extension de la déchéance de nationalité
Authors: Mazouz Sarah 
Published: November 2016

En se saisissant du débat actuel sur la déchéance de nationalité pour les binationaux, Sarah Mazouz met au jour le contenu idéologique qu’il recèle : une conception inégalitaire et naturalisante de la nationalité française. En effet cette dernière, qui était jusque-là un droit, deviendrait un octroi de faveur pour certain.e.s tandis qu’elle est naturelle pour d’autres. L’État signifie ainsi qu’il peut (re)prendre ce qui a été acquis de droit, ou attribué à la naissance. Au-delà, en les disqualifiant comme Français.e.s, la suspicion qui plane sur le groupe des binationaux.nales exprime, tout en les renforçant, l’assignation raciale et la stigmatisation auxquelles ces Français.e.s sont soumis.e.s. Car si le groupe des binationaux.nales ne se limite pas aux personnes assignées à une identité d’Arabes ou de Noir.e.s, c’est principalement elles qui sont visées par les différentes polémiques qui leur intiment de donner plus de gages ou de preuves de leur adhésion à la France.
IL-17–Producing Innate and Pathogen-Specific Tissue Resident Memory γδ T Cells Expand in the Lungs of Bordetella pertussis–Infected Mice
Authors: Misiak Alicja , Wilk Mieszko M. , Raverdeau Mathilde , Mills Kingston H. G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
γδ T cells play a role in protective immunity to infection at mucosal surface, but also mediate pathology in certain autoimmune diseases through innate IL-17 production. Recent reports have suggested that γδ T cells can have memory analogous to conventional αβ T cells. In this study we have examined the role of γδ T cells in immunity to the respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis. γδ T cells, predominantly Vγ4−γ1− cells, produced IL-17 in the lungs as early as 2 h after infection. The bacterial burden during primary infection was significantly enhanced and the induction of antimicrobial peptides was reduced in the absence of early IL-17. A second peak of γδ T cells is detected in the lungs 7–14 d after challenge and these γδ T cells were pathogen specific. γδ T cells, exclusively Vγ4, from the lungs of infected but not naive mice produced IL-17 in response to heat-killed B. pertussis in the presence of APC. Furthermore, γδ T cells from the lungs of mice reinfected with B. pertussis produced significantly more IL-17 than γδ T cells from infected unprimed mice. γδ T cells with a tissue resident memory T cell phenotype (CD69+CD103+) were expanded in the lungs during infection with B. pertussis and proliferated rapidly after rechallenge of convalescent mice. Our findings demonstrate that lung γδ T cells provide an early source of innate IL-17, which promotes antimicrobial peptide production, whereas pathogen-specific Vγ4 cells function in adaptive immunological memory against B. pertussis.
Complement Component 3 Regulates IFN-α Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells following TLR7 Activation by a Plant Virus–like Nanoparticle
Authors: Lebel Marie-Ève , Langlois Marie-Pierre , Daudelin Jean-François , Tarrab Esther , Savard Pierre , Leclerc Denis , Lamarre Alain 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The increasing use of plant viruses for the development of new vaccines and immunotherapy approaches poses questions regarding the mechanism by which the mammalian immune system recognizes these viruses. For example, although natural Abs (NA) and complement are key components of the innate immune system involved in the opsonization, phagocytosis, and destruction of microorganisms infecting mammals, their implication in plant virus recognition and immunogenicity is not well defined. In this study, we address the involvement of NA and the complement system in the activation of innate immunity through engagement of TLR7 with papaya mosaic virus (PapMV)-like nanoparticles. We demonstrate that NA, although binding to PapMV, are not involved in its recognition by the immune system. On the other hand, C3 strongly binds to PapMV nanoparticles and its depletion significantly reduces PapMV’s interaction with immune cells. Unexpectedly, however, we observed increased immune cell activation following administration of PapMV to complement-depleted mice. TLR7 activation by PapMV in the absence of C3 induced higher IFN-α production, resulting in superior immune cell activation and increased immunotherapeutic properties. In conclusion, in this study we established the involvement of the complement system in the recognition and the phagocytosis of PapMV nanoparticles and identified an unsuspected role for C3 in regulating the production of IFN-α following TLR7 activation.
Surgical Planning for Resection and Reconstruction of Facial Cutaneous Malignancies
Authors: Erkul Evren , Patel Krishna G , Day Terry 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Skin cancer can be categorized into cutaneous melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The latter includes such histologies as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Of these, BCC and SCC are the most common skin cancers of the head and neck while malignant melanoma is the most aggressive. Sunscreen protection and early evaluation of suspicious areas remain the first line of defense against all skin cancers. When prevention fails, the gold standard of skin cancer management involves a multidisciplinary approach which takes into account tumor location, stage and biology of disease, and availability of resources. Proper diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning must all be addressed prior to initiating interventions. When surgery is indicated, facial reconstruction is a key aspect of the overall treatment plan and requires informed forethought as well as experience and skill. Here, we present an overview of surgical reconstruction recommendations and considerations for the subsites involved in head and neck skin cancer.

How to cite this article
Erkul E, Patel KG, Day T. Surgical Planning for Resection and Reconstruction of Facial Cutaneous Malignancies. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(3):149-164.
External Approach for the Treatment of the Aging Nasal Tip
Authors: Melissa Hu 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Changes seen in the nose from increased skin elasticity, weakened nasal cartilages, and detachment of ligaments can lead to cosmetic and functional impairment. Esthetically, the nasal tip droops, the nose lengthens, the columella shortens, and the ala collapse. Functionally, the internal and external nasal valves weaken, the anterior nares narrow, and airway turbulence increases, thus contributing to the effect of nasal obstruction. Skin redundancy of the elderly nose may compromise outcomes when typical rhinoplasty techniques are applied. Herein is described a technique pioneered by Fred Stucker, involving a direct external approach to address the aging nasal tip. The technique can be performed under local anesthesia and in combination with other procedures for the aging nose, such as rhinophyma excision or septoplasty for the aging nose.

How to cite this article
Hu M. External Approach for the Treatment of the Aging Nasal Tip. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(3):165-167.
Management of the Crooked Nose
Authors: Scordino Jessica W , Stucker Frederick J 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To describe an approach for the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with crooked nose.

Background
Patients with crooked nose suffer from functional ailments, most significant nasal obstruction, as well as esthetic concerns which may impact their self-image as well as others’ perception of them. As such, management of the crooked nose is an especially challenging task in that it demands careful attention to both nasal function and appearance. There are a plethora of surgical techniques which may be utilized, and the surgeon's approach must be tailored to each individual patient's presentation.

Technique
Accurate diagnosis is imperative for a successful outcome and relies on a thorough history and careful physical examination. Surgical intervention may be addressed by either an endonasal or open approach based on the location and severity of the deformity. It is helpful to break down the nose in vertical thirds when planning your surgical approach. Different techniques are used to address the upper third comprising the nasal bones, middle third composed of the upper lateral cartilages and septum, and the lower third composed of the lower lateral cartilages and caudal septum.

Conclusion
Management of the crooked nose is a technically challenging endeavor that highlights the need to address both form and function for a successful outcome. Effective treatment can significantly improve a patient's quality of life leading to a high level of satisfaction for both the patient and the surgeon.

How to cite this article
Scordino JW, Stucker FJ. Management of the Crooked Nose. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(3):168-172.
Management of Rhinophyma
Authors: Lian Timothy S , Thompson Richard W 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRhinophyma is a condition that can cause significant disfigurement as well as functional impairment of the nose. It results from hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and can be a manifestation of advanced staged rosacea. If left untreated, not only can it cause disfigurement, rhinophyma can also result in nasal airway obstruction by marked ptosis and collapse of the external nasal valve. Surgical excision is the definitive treatment as rhinophyma does not spontaneously regress. Though various surgical techniques are available for the treatment of rhinophyma, a specific technique using tumescent anesthesia, sharp dissection, and argon beam coagulation has been found to be most efficacious. This technique and its advantages are described.How to cite this articleLian TS, Thompson RW. Management of Rhinophyma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(3):188-191.
Multidisciplinary Management of Candidates for Maxillary Sinus Augmentation by a Surgeon and ENT Specialist
Authors: Danesh-Sani Seyed Amir 
Published: November 2016

How to cite this article
Danesh-Sani SA. Multidisciplinary Management of Candidates for Maxillary Sinus Augmentation by a Surgeon and ENT Specialist. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):881-883.
Use of the Tooth Coronal Pulp Index for Recognition of the Pubertal Growth Period
Authors: Burhan Ahmad S , Nawaya Fehmieh R 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
The present study aimed to investigate the association between the tooth coronal index (TCI) and the pubertal growth stages (PGS) for children and adolescents.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was performed using retrospectively collected panoramic and hand-wrist radiographs of 262 individuals (125 males, 137 females). The coronal height (CH) and the coronal pulp cavity height (CPCH) of the left mandibular teeth were measured. Then the TCI for which was calculated according to Ikeda et al (1985). The estimated TCI for individuals with the following PGS after Fishman (1987) are: SMI 4 (S), SMI 5 (DP3 cap), SMI 6 (MP3 cap) and SMI 7 (Mp5 cap). The associations between the TCI and the PGS were investigated by correlation coefficient of Spearman's rho, and the validity values for the PGS were computed.

Results
Significant correlations were noted between the simple TCI values for premolars and molars and the PGS, and the highest correlation was for the summed TCI for both first and second molars. Utilizing the validity values of the summed TCI for both first and second mandibular molars, the PGS can be predicted as follows: S stage when TCI is 49.17 or lesser, DP3cap stage when TCI is 43.52 or lesser, MP3cap stage when TCI is 36.73 or lesser, and Mp5cap stage when TCI is 26.84 or lesser.

Conclusion
The TCI values declined along with the maturational process in children and adolescents. The TCI for both first and second molars was the best predictor of the PGS.

Clinical significance
Panoramic photographs can be beneficial for prediction of the skeletal maturity and treatment planning without resorting to hand-wrist radiographs.

How to cite this article
Nawaya FR, Burhan AS. Use of the Tooth Coronal Pulp Index for Recognition of the Pubertal Growth Period. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):884-889.
Socket Preservation using Enzyme-treated Equine Bone Granules and an Equine Collagen Matrix: A Case Report with Histological and Histomorphometrical Assessment
Authors: Cinci Lorenzo , Pieri Laura , Leonida Alessandro , Todeschini Giovanni , Lomartire Giovanni 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
To histologically assess the effectiveness of a socketpreservation technique using enzyme-treated equine bone granules as a bone-graft material in combination with an equine collagen matrix as a scaffold for soft-tissue regeneration.

Background
Enzyme-treated equine bone granules and equine collagen matrix recently have been developed to help overcome alveolar bone deficiencies that develop in the wake of edentulism.

Case report
The patient had one mandibular molar extracted and the socket grafted with equine bone granules. The graft was covered with the equine collagen matrix, placed in a double layer. No flap was prepared, and the gingival margins were stabilized with a single stitch, leaving the matrix partially exposed and the site to heal by secondary intention. The adjacent molar was extracted 1 month later, and that socket was left to heal by secondary intention without any further treatment. Three months after each surgery, an implant was placed and a biopsy was collected. The two biopsies underwent histological processing and qualitative evaluation. Histomorphometric analysis was also performed to calculate the percentage of newly formed bone (NFB) in the two cores. Healing at both sites was uneventful, and no inflammation or other adverse reactions were observed in the samples. Soft-tissue healing by secondary intention appeared to occur faster at the grafted site. The corresponding core showed a marked separation between soft and hard tissue that was not observed in the core from the nongrafted site, where soft-tissue hypertrophy could be observed. Newly formed bone at the grafted and nongrafted sites was not significantly different (27.2 ± 7.1 and 29.4 ± 6.2% respectively, p=0.45).

Conclusion
The surgical technique employed in this case appeared to facilitate postextraction soft-tissue healing by second intention and simplify soft-tissue management.

Clinical significance
Using a collagen-based matrix to cover a postextraction grafted site may facilitate second intention soft-tissue healing and proper soft-tissue growth.

How to cite this article
Leonida A, Todeschini G, Lomartire G, Cinci L, Pieri L. Socket Preservation using Enzyme-treated Equine Bone Granules and an Equine Collagen Matrix: A Case Report with Histological and Histomorphometrical Assessment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):890-896.