bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Materiales y recursos didácticos contra la discriminación y la exclusión en el deporte en edad escolar
Authors: Rodríguez-Groba Ana , Eirín-Nemiña Raúl , Alonso-Ferreiro Almudena 
Published: November 2017

El artículo presenta algunos resultados de un proyecto europeo centrado en la prevención de la discriminación y la violencia en el deporte base. Se especifican y<br />presentan las raíces desde las que emerge la preocupación por la violencia y la discriminación en este campo y se sientan las bases teóricas que han guiado este recorrido. Para responder a esta realidad se sigue un enfoque metodológico centrado en el Círculo Deming. Los resultados del proyecto se materializan en la elaboración de materiales didácticos, recursos y formación online, que han sido creados en base a las necesidades detectadas en los distintos países. El análisis de los distintos contextos europeos, la propia formación y el feedback enviado por los destinatarios, dan cuenta de la necesidad de analizar, trabajar y formar sobre los distintos tipos de discriminación, directa e indirecta, que pueden tener lugar en la práctica deportiva de los más jóvenes. Se destacan además, las posibilidades que nos ofrece un espacio multimedia y conectado, donde se favorece el intercambio de experiencias y visiones, enriqueciendo los materiales y la propia formación llevada a cabo en seis idiomas. Se hace énfasis en la importancia del rol de entrenadores/as, profesorado y familias, y en la erradicación y prevención de la violencia y discriminación en el deporte.
Do rotational shear-cushioning shoes influence horizontal ground reaction forces and perceived comfort during basketball cutting maneuvers?
Authors: Lam Wing-Kai , Qu Yi , Yang Fan , Cheung Roy T.H. 
Published: November 2017

Background
Court shoe designs predominantly focus on reducing excessive vertical ground reaction force, but shear force cushioning has received little attention in the basketball population. We aimed to examine the effect of a novel shoe-cushioning design on both resultant horizontal ground reaction forces and comfort perception during two basketball-specific cutting movements.

Methods
Fifteen university team basketball players performed lateral shuffling and 45-degree sidestep cutting at maximum effort in basketball shoes with and without the shear-cushioning system (SCS). Paired t-tests were used to examine the differences in kinetics and comfort perception between two shoes.

Results
SCS shoe allowed for larger rotational material deformation compared with control shoes, but no significant shoe differences were found in braking phase kinetics during both cutting movements (P = 0.35). Interestingly, a greater horizontal propulsion impulse was found with the SCS during 45-degree cutting (P < 0.05), when compared with the control. In addition, players wearing SCS shoes perceived better forefoot comfort (P = 0.012). During lateral shuffling, there were no significant differences in horizontal GRF and comfort perception between shoe conditions (P > 0.05).

Discussion
The application of a rotational shear-cushioning structure allowed for better forefoot comfort and enhanced propulsion performance in cutting, but did not influence the shear impact. Understanding horizontal ground reaction force information may be useful in designing footwear to prevent shear-related injuries in sport populations.
Reverse Estuarine Circulation Due to Local and Remote Wind Forcing, Enhanced by the Presence of Along‐Coast Estuaries
Authors: Giddings S. N. , MacCready P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEstuarine exchange flow governs the interaction between oceans and estuaries and thus plays a large role in their biogeochemical processes. This study investigates the variability in estuarine exchange flow due to offshore oceanic conditions including upwelling/downwelling, and the presence of a river plume offshore (from a neighboring estuary). We address these processes via numerical simulations at the mouth of the Salish Sea, a large estuarine system in the Northeast Pacific. An analysis of the Total Exchange Flow indicates that during the upwelling season, the exchange flow is fairly consistent in magnitude and oriented in a positive (into the estuary at depth and out at the surface) direction. However, during periods of downwelling favorable winds, the exchange flow shows significantly more variability including multiple reversals, consistent with observations, and surface intrusions of the Columbia River plume which originates 250 km to the south. Numerical along‐strait momentum budgets show that the exchange flow is forced dominantly by the pressure gradients, particularly the baroclinic. The pressure gradient is modified by Coriolis and sometimes advection, highlighting the importance of geostrophy and local adjustments. In experiments conducted without the offshore river plume, reversals still occur but are weaker, and the baroclinic pressure gradient plays a reduced role. These results suggest that estuaries along strong upwelling coastlines should experience significant modulation in the exchange flow during upwelling versus downwelling conditions. Additionally, they highlight the importance of nearby estuaries impacting one‐another, not only in terms of connectivity, but also altering the exchange flow.
A Systematic Study of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Interactions
Authors: Pradhan Prajal , Costa Luís , Rybski Diego , Lucht Wolfgang , Kropp Jürgen P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSustainable development goals (SDGs) have set the 2030 agenda to transform our world by tackling multiple challenges humankind is facing to ensure well‐being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. In contrast to conventional development agendas focusing on a restricted set of dimensions, the SDGs provide a holistic and multidimensional view on development. Hence, interactions among the SDGs may cause diverging results. To analyze the SDG interactions we systematize the identification of synergies and trade‐offs using official SDG indicator data for 227 countries. A significant positive correlation between a pair of SDG indicators is classified as a synergy while a significant negative correlation is classified as a trade‐off. We rank synergies and trade‐offs between SDGs pairs on global and country scales in order to identify the most frequent SDG interactions. For a given SDG, positive correlations between indicator pairs were found to outweigh the negative ones in most countries. Among SDGs the positive and negative correlations between indicator pairs allowed for the identification of particular global patterns. SDG 1 (No poverty) has synergetic relationship with most of the other goals, whereas SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production) is the goal most commonly associated with trade‐offs. The attainment of the SDG agenda will greatly depend on whether the identified synergies among the goals can be leveraged. In addition, the highlighted trade‐offs, which constitute obstacles in achieving the SDGs, need to be negotiated and made structurally nonobstructive by deeper changes in the current strategies.
Changing Weather Extremes Call for Early Warning of Potential for Catastrophic Fire
Authors: Boer Matthias M. , Nolan Rachael H. , Resco De Dios Víctor , Clarke Hamish , Price Owen F. , Bradstock Ross A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChanging frequencies of extreme weather events and shifting fire seasons call for enhanced capability to forecast where and when forested landscapes switch from a nonflammable (i.e., wet fuel) state to the highly flammable (i.e., dry fuel) state required for catastrophic forest fires. Current forest fire danger indices used in Europe, North America, and Australia rate potential fire behavior by combining numerical indices of fuel moisture content, potential rate of fire spread, and fire intensity. These numerical rating systems lack the physical basis required to reliably quantify forest flammability outside the environments of their development or under novel climate conditions. Here, we argue that exceedance of critical forest flammability thresholds is a prerequisite for major forest fires and therefore early warning systems should be based on a reliable prediction of fuel moisture content plus a regionally calibrated model of how forest fire activity responds to variation in fuel moisture content. We demonstrate the potential of this approach through a case study in Portugal. We use a physically based fuel moisture model with historical weather and fire records to identify critical fuel moisture thresholds for forest fire activity and then show that the catastrophic June 2017 forest fires in central Portugal erupted shortly after fuels in the region dried out to historically unprecedented levels.
Expected Seismicity and the Seismic Noise Environment of Europa
Authors: Panning Mark P. , Stähler Simon C. , Huang Hsin‐Hua , Vance Steven D. , Kedar Sharon , Tsai Victor C. , Pike William T. , Lorenz Ralph D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSeismic data will be a vital geophysical constraint on internal structure of Europa if we land instruments on the surface. Quantifying expected seismic activity on Europa both in terms of large, recognizable signals and ambient background noise is important for understanding dynamics of the moon, as well as interpretation of potential future data. Seismic energy sources will likely include cracking in the ice shell and turbulent motion in the oceans. We define a range of models of seismic activity in Europa's ice shell by assuming each model follows a Gutenberg‐Richter relationship with varying parameters. A range of cumulative seismic moment release between 1016and 1018 Nm/yr is defined by scaling tidal dissipation energy to tectonic events on the Earth's moon. Random catalogs are generated and used to create synthetic continuous noise records through numerical wave propagation in thermodynamically self‐consistent models of the interior structure of Europa. Spectral characteristics of the noise are calculated by determining probabilistic power spectral densities of the synthetic records. While the range of seismicity models predicts noise levels that vary by 80 dB, we show that most noise estimates are below the self‐noise floor of high‐frequency geophones but may be recorded by more sensitive instruments. The largest expected signals exceed background noise by ∼50 dB. Noise records may allow for constraints on interior structure through autocorrelation. Models of seismic noise generated by pressure variations at the base of the ice shell due to turbulent motions in the subsurface ocean may also generate observable seismic noise.
Seismic Wave Propagation in Icy Ocean Worlds
Authors: Stähler Simon C. , Panning Mark P. , Vance Steven D. , Lorenz Ralph D. , van Driel Martin , Nissen‐Meyer Tarje , Kedar Sharon 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSeismology was developed on Earth and shaped our model of the Earth's interior over the twentieth century. With the exception of the Philae lander, all in situ extraterrestrial seismological effort to date was limited to other terrestrial planets. All have in common a rigid crust above a solid mantle. The coming years may see the installation of seismometers on Europa, Titan, and Enceladus, so it is necessary to adapt seismological concepts to the setting of worlds with global oceans covered in ice. Here we use waveform analyses to identify and classify wave types, developing a lexicon for icy ocean world seismology intended to be useful to both seismologists and planetary scientists. We use results from spectral‐element simulations of broadband seismic wavefields to adapt seismological concepts to icy ocean worlds. We present a concise naming scheme for seismic waves and an overview of the features of the seismic wavefield on Europa, Titan, Ganymede, and Enceladus. In close connection with geophysical interior models, we analyze simulated seismic measurements of Europa and Titan that might be used to constrain geochemical parameters governing the habitability of a sub‐ice ocean.
In Situ Exfoliated, N‐Doped, and Edge‐Rich Ultrathin Layered Double Hydroxides Nanosheets for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Yanyong , Xie Chao , Zhang Zhiyuan , Liu Dongdong , Chen Ru , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe number of catalytically reactive sites and their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity strongly affect the performance of electrocatalysts. Recently, there are growing concerns about layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Exfoliating LDHs is an effective method to increase the reactive sites, however, a traditional liquid phase exfoliation method is usually very labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. On the other hand, proper heteroelement doping and edge engineering are helpful to tune the intrinsic activity of reactive sites. In this work, bulk CoFe LDHs are successfully exfoliated into ultrathin CoFe LDHs nanosheets by nitrogen plasma. Meanwhile, nitrogen doping and defects are introduced into exfoliated ultrathin CoFe LDHs nanosheets. The number of reactive sites can be increased efficiently by the formation of ultrathin CoFe LDHs nanosheets, the nitrogen dopant alters the surrounding electronic arrangement of reactive site facilitating the adsorption of OER intermediates, and the electrocatalytic activity of reactive sites can be further tuned efficiently by introducing defects which increase the number of dangling bonds neighboring reactive sites and decrease the coordination number of reactive sites. With these advantages, this electrocatalyst shows excellent OER activity with an ultralow overpotential of 233 mV at 10 mA cm−2.
Cell‐Based Drug Delivery and Use of Nano‐and Microcarriers for Cell Functionalization
Authors: Timin Alexander S. , Litvak Maxim M. , Gorin Dmitry A. , Atochina‐Vasserman Elena N. , Atochin Dmitriy N. , Sukhorukov Gleb B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCell functionalization with recently developed various nano‐ and microcarriers for therapeutics has significantly expanded the application of cell therapy and targeted drug delivery for the effective treatment of a number of diseases. The aim of this progress report is to review the most recent advances in cell‐based drug vehicles designed as biological transporter platforms for the targeted delivery of different drugs. For the design of cell‐based drug vehicles, different pathways of cell functionalization, such as covalent and noncovalent surface modifications, internalization of carriers are considered in greater detail together with approaches for cell visualization in vivo. In addition, several animal models for the study of cell‐assisted drug delivery are discussed. Finally, possible future developments and applications of cell‐assisted drug vehicles toward targeted transport of drugs to a designated location with no or minimal immune response and toxicity are addressed in light of new pathways in the field of nanomedicine.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Sulfur Cathode during Discharge in MgTFSI2–DME Electrolyte
Authors: Gao Tao , Ji Xiao , Hou Singyuk , Fan Xiulin , Li Xiaogang , Yang Chongying , Han Fudong , Wang Fei , Jiang Jianjun , Xu Kang , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRechargeable magnesium/sulfur battery is of significant interest because its energy density (1700 Wh kg−1 and 3200 Wh L−1) is among the highest of all battery chemistries (lower than Li/O2 and Mg/O2 but comparable to Li/S), and Mg metal allows reversible operation (100% Coulombic efficiency) with no dendrite formation. This great promise is already justified in some early reports. However, lack of mechanistic study of sulfur reaction in the Mg cation environment has severely hindered our understanding and prevents effective measures for performance improvement. In this work, the very first systematic fundamental study on Mg/S system is conducted by combining experimental methods with computational approach. The thermodynamics and reaction pathway of sulfur cathode in MgTFSI2–DME electrolyte, as well as the associated kinetics are thoroughly investigated. The results here reveal that sulfur undergoes a consecutive staging pathway in which the formation and chain‐shortening of polysulfide occur at early stage accompanied by the dissolution of long‐chain polysulfide, and solid‐state transition from short‐chain polysulfide to magnesium sulfide occurs at late stage. The former process is much faster than the latter due to the synergetic effect of the mediating effect of dissolved polysulfide and the fast diffusion of Mg ion in the amorphous intermediate.
Electronic Transport and Ferroelectric Switching in Ion‐Bombarded, Defect‐Engineered BiFeO3 Thin Films
Authors: Saremi Sahar , Xu Ruijuan , Dedon Liv R. , Gao Ran , Ghosh Anirban , Dasgupta Arvind , Martin Lane W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDespite continued interest in the multiferroic BiFeO3 for a diverse range of applications, use of this material is limited by its poor electrical leakage. This work demonstrates some of the most resistive BiFeO3 thin films reported to date via defect engineering achieved via high‐energy ion bombardment. High leakage in as‐grown BiFeO3 thin films is shown to be due to the presence of moderately shallow isolated trap states, which form during growth. Ion bombardment is shown to be an effective way to reduce this free carrier transport (by up to ≈4 orders of magnitude) by trapping the charge carriers in bombardment‐induced, deep‐lying defect complexes and clusters. The ion bombardment is also found to give rise to an increased resistance to switching as a result of an increase in defect concentration. This study demonstrates a systematic ion‐dose‐dependent increase in the coercivity, extension of the defect‐related creep regime, increase in the pinning activation energy, decrease in the switching speed, and broadening of the field distribution of switching. Ultimately, the use of such defect‐engineering routes to control materials will require identification of an optimum range of ion dosage to achieve maximum enhancement in resistivity with minimum impact on ferroelectric switching.
Maternal Chlamydia infection during pregnancy among younger mothers and risk of gastroschisis in singleton offspring
Authors: Horslev Tessa , Binongo José N. , Kancherla Vijaya 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPrevalence of gastroschisis has been increasing in the United States (US) since 1980s. Genital infection with Chlamydia has also been increasing in prevalence, particularly among younger women. The etiology of gastroschisis is unknown. Ongoing research suggests multiple causal factors may be involved, including Chlamydia infection in mothers during pregnancy.MethodsUsing birth certificate data from 2014 US vital records, we conducted a population‐based case–control study to examine the association between prenatal Chlamydia exposure in young women (16–25 years of age) and gastroschisis in singleton offspring. Cases consisted of live births with gastroschisis, and controls had no major birth defects reported in their birth certificate. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (cOR and aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThere were 809 cases (95.6% were isolated cases) and 1,260,293 controls. Chlamydia during pregnancy was reported in 4.5% of case and 3.6% control mothers (p = .21). Case mothers were significantly more likely to be younger (16–20 years of age) at the time of delivery compared to control mothers (p < .0001). We found no significant association between Chlamydia infection during pregnancy and gastroschisis (cOR = 1.24; 95% CI = 0.89–1.73 and aOR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.66–1.70).ConclusionWith the caveat of possible misclassification of exposure and outcome variables in birth certificate data, we found no significant association between prenatal exposure to Chlamydia and gastroschisis in the offspring born to younger mothers. Future studies should refine measures by focusing on relevant risk period and biomarkers.
Maternal separation affects expression of stress response genes and increases vulnerability to ethanol consumption
Authors: de Almeida Magalhães Taciani , Correia Diego , de Carvalho Luana Martins , Damasceno Samara , Brunialti Godard Ana Lúcia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionMaternal separation is an early life stress event associated with behavioral alterations and ethanol consumption. We aimed to expand the current understanding on the molecular mechanisms mediating the impact of postnatal stress on ethanol consumption.MethodsIn the first experiment (T1), some of the pups were separated from their mothers for 6 hr daily (Maternal Separation group ‐ MS), whereas the other pups remained in the cage with their respective mothers (Control group ‐ C). In the second experiment (T2), mice from both groups were subjected to the model of free‐choice between water and sucrose solution or between water and ethanol solution. Maternal behavior was assessed at the end of T1. At the end of both T1 and T2, pups were subjected to the light/dark box behavioral test and blood corticosterone concentrations were analyzed.ResultsOur maternal separation protocol led to intense maternal care and affected weight gain of the animals. The expression of stress response genes was altered with higher levels of Crh and Pomc being observed in the hypothalamus, and higher levels of Crhr1, Crhr2, Htr2a and lower levels of Nr3c1 and Htr1a being observed in the hippocampus after T1. At the end of T2, we observed higher levels of Avp and Pomc in the hypothalamus, and higher levels of Crhr1, Crhr2, Nr3c1, Slc6a4, Bdnf and lower levels of Htr1a in the hippocampus. Additionally, maternal separation increased vulnerability to ethanol consumption during adolescence and induced changes in anxiety/stress‐related behavior after T2. Furthermore, voluntary ethanol consumption attenuated stress response and modified expression of reward system genes: enhancing Drd1 and Drd2, and reducing Gabbr2 in the striatum.ConclusionMaternal separation induced behavioral changes and alterations in the expression of key genes involved in HPA axis and in the serotonergic and reward systems that are likely to increase vulnerability to ethanol consumption in adolescence. We demonstrated, for the first time, that ethanol consumption masked stress response by reducing the activity of the HPA axis and the serotonergic system, therefore, suggesting that adolescent mice from the MS group probably consumed ethanol for stress relieving purposes.
Epidemiologic profile and clinical course of four confirmed rickettsiosis cases in Southern Mexico during 2016
Authors: Dzul‐Rosado Karla R. , Mendez Nina , Lugo‐Caballero Cesar , Zavala‐Castro Jorge E. , Gomez‐Carro Salvador 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageDomestic animals can carry ticks or fleas, which constitute common vectors of rickettsial infections. The contact with them should be considered as suggestive of rickettsial infections in symptomatic patients. Misdiagnosis might occur in regions where other vector‐borne diseases are endemic. Anamnesis is essential for an accurate clinical diagnosis.