bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Trajectories and Associated Social and Behavioral Determinants Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Wang Kun , Chen Xiayu Summer , Zeng Xiaoyi , Wu Bei , Liu Jinyu , Daquin Jane , Li Clara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Despite higher risks of developing Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease–related dementias among racial/ethnic minority populations, some maintain good cognition until old age. The aims of this study were to investigate heterogeneous cognitive trajectories among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic older adults, examine cognitive impairment prevalence across trajectory classes, and identify associated social and behavioral determinants.

Research Design and Methods
Using 11 waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (1996–2016), 1,322 non-Hispanic Black and 747 Hispanic adults aged 50+ years in 1996 with normal cognition were included. Latent class growth modeling and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to examine cognitive trajectories and associated determinants.

Results
For both racial/ethnic groups, 3 trajectory classes were identified: high, medium, and low cognition. In the low-cognition class, 87% and 100% of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants, respectively, developed cognitive impairment. For both racial/ethnic groups, older age and living in rural areas during schooltime increased the likelihood of being in the low-cognition class, whereas more education was associated with a lower likelihood. Unique risk and protective determinants for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants were also identified.

Discussion and Implications
This study reveals the heterogeneity of cognitive trajectories among racial/ethnic minority older adults and various associated social and behavioral determinants. More prevention interventions and accessible, affordable diagnosis and treatment should be provided to older racial/ethnic minorities with these characteristics to reduce disparities. More research is needed to further explore associations between unique determinants and cognition in racial/ethnic minority populations to better inform interventions.
Ceramide lowering rescues respiratory defects in a Drosophila model of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency
Authors: Hull Alexander J , Atilano Magda L , Hallqvist Jenny , Heywood Wendy , Kinghorn Kerri J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Types A and B Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) are inherited multisystem lysosomal storage disorders due to mutations in the SMPD1 gene. Respiratory dysfunction is a key hallmark of NPD, yet the mechanism for this is underexplored. SMPD1 encodes acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), which hydrolyses sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphocholine. Here, we present a Drosophila model of ASM loss-of-function, lacking the fly orthologue of SMPD1, dASM, modelling several aspects of the respiratory pathology of NPD. dASM is expressed in the late-embryonic fly respiratory network, the trachea, and is secreted into the tracheal lumen. Loss of dASM results in embryonic lethality, and the tracheal lumen fails to fill normally with gas prior to eclosion. We demonstrate that the endocytic clearance of luminal constituents prior to gas-filling is defective in dASM mutants, and is coincident with autophagic, but not lysosomal defects, in late stage embryonic trachea. Finally, we show that although bulk sphingolipids are unchanged, dietary loss of lipids in combination with genetic and pharmacological block of ceramide synthesis rescues the airway gas-filling defects. We highlight myriocin as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of the developmental respiratory defects associated with ASM deficiency, and present a new NPD model amenable to genetic and pharmacological screens.
Diversity and interactions of rhizobacteria determine multinutrient traits in tomato host plants under nitrogen and water disturbances
Authors: Shi Wen-Xuan , Guo Jun-Jie , Yu Xin-Xuan , Li Zhi-Xing , Weng Bo-Yang , Wang Dan-Xia , Su Shi-Hao , Sun Yu-Fei , Tan Jin-Fang , Xie Ruo-Han 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Coevolution within the plant holobiont extends the capacity of host plants for nutrient acquisition and stress resistance. However, the role of the rhizospheric microbiota in maintaining multinutrient utilization (i.e. multinutrient traits) in the host remains to be elucidated. Multinutrient cycling index (MNC), analogous to the widely used multifunctionality index, provides a straightforward and interpretable measure of the multinutrient traits in host plants. Using tomato as a model plant, we characterized MNC (based on multiple aboveground nutrient contents) in host plants under different nitrogen and water supply regimes and explored the associations between rhizospheric bacterial community assemblages and host plant multinutrient profiles. Rhizosphere bacterial community diversity, quantitative abundance, predicted function, and key topological features of the co-occurrence network were more sensitive to water supply than to nitrogen supply. A core bacteriome comprising 61 genera, such as Candidatus Koribacter and Streptomyces, persisted across different habitats and served as a key predictor of host plant nutrient uptake. The MNC index increased with greater diversity and higher core taxon abundance in the rhizobacterial community, while decreasing with higher average degree and graph density of rhizobacterial co-occurrence network. Multinutrient absorption by host plants was primarily regulated by community diversity and rhizobacterial network complexity under the interaction of nitrogen and water. The high biodiversity and complex species interactions of the rhizospheric bacteriome play crucial roles in host plant performance. This study supports the development of rhizosphere microbiome engineering, facilitating effective manipulation of the microbiome for enhanced plant benefits, which supports sustainable agricultural practices and plant health.
Genome editing for grass improvement and future agriculture
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Geng Jie , Chen Lin , García-Caparros Pedro , Hu Tao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Grasses, including turf and forage, cover most of the earth’s surface; predominantly important for land, water, livestock feed, soil, and water conservation, as well as carbon sequestration. Improved production and quality of grasses by modern molecular breeding is gaining more research attention. Recent advances in genome-editing technologies are helping to revolutionize plant breeding and also offering smart and efficient acceleration on grass improvement. Here, we reviewed all recent researches using (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)-mediated genome editing tools to enhance the growth and quality of forage and turf grasses. Furthermore, we highlighted emerging approaches aimed at advancing grass breeding program. We assessed the CRISPR-Cas effectiveness, discussed the challenges associated with its application, and explored future perspectives primarily focusing on turf and forage grasses. Despite the promising potential of genome editing in grasses, its current efficiency remains limited due to several bottlenecks, such as the absence of comprehensive reference genomes, the lack of efficient gene delivery tools, unavailability of suitable vector and delivery for grass species, high polyploidization, and multiple homoeoalleles, etc. Despite these challenges, the CRISPR-Cas system holds great potential to fully harness its benefits in grass breeding and genetics, aiming to improve and sustain the quantity and quality of turf and forage grasses.
Using historical catch flexibility and fishing ground mobility as measures of the adaptive capacity of fishing communities to future ocean change
Authors: Selden Rebecca L , Kitchel Zoë , Coleman Kaycee E , Calzada Leonardo , St. Martin Kevin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Changing ocean characteristics, moving species, and competing ocean uses challenge fishing communities reliant on marine resources. Many communities have diversified what they catch, or where they fish to cope with variation in availability of fish. However, we often lack understanding of the frequency of these adaptation strategies in response to historical variability. Here, we quantitatively evaluate catch flexibility, catch switching, and fishing ground mobility of Communities at Sea (CaS) in the Northeast USA. CaS capacity to change catch composition or shift fishing grounds differed by gear type and with regional drivers. Dredge was highly mobile but species selective, and groundfish trawl either altered their catch or shifted fishing grounds. Lobster and shrimp trawl CaS were largely unable to take advantage of either strategy, while fleets using other pots and traps did both. Differences within gear types often reflected distinct regional strategies in dealing with the loss of target species from historical fishing grounds. Overall, adaptive capacity for a port reflects its portfolio of fleets as well as shared constraints and opportunities of their home port. Understanding the degree to which fishing communities have adapted to historical variability can help prioritize efforts to enhance adaptive capacity for future ocean change.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients from the perspective of pharmaceutical care: a scoping review
Authors: Lira Giselle Amorim , Brandão Júlia de Andrade , Anderson Leticia , Bassi Ênio José 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Cancer treatment has become a significant health challenge, with notable changes in recent years due to increasing knowledge of cancer biology. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown promising results, but they can induce adverse events (AEs), resulting in serious consequences for patients. Pharmaceutical care aims to prevent, identify, and address issues related to medications, such as AEs.

Aim
The objective of this scoping review was to assess the contribution of pharmacists to the intervention and care of cancer patients undergoing treatment with ICIs.

Methods
The PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies on the treatment of cancer patients treated with ICIs in which pharmacists participated. No time frame or language restriction was applied. Article screening was performed independently by two authors, with any discrepancies resolved by a third author. The studies were analyzed and included in this review following the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Pharmaceutical care encompasses a variety of interventions, including providing guidance to patients and to the multidisciplinary team, monitoring and managing AEs, conducting pharmaceutical consultations, and recommending over-the-counter medications and laboratory tests, among other actions. Pharmaceutical recommendations led to better outcomes regarding AEs.

Conclusions
Pharmaceutical care has a positive impact on oncological immunotherapy with ICIs, contributing to both health institutions through cost reduction and, most importantly, patients by improving treatment outcomes and enhancing the quality of life.
First Report of a Fatal Septicemia Case Caused by Vibrio metoecus: A Comprehensive Functional and Genomic Study
Authors: Carmona-Salido Héctor , López-Solís Sofía , López-Hontangas José Luis , Amaro Carmen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In recent years, we have witnessed an unprecedented increase in the incidence of vibriosis due to global warming. Vibrio metoecus is a recently described Vibrio cholerae-like species that has not been associated with septicemia death in humans. During follow-up of human vibriosis, we received a blood isolate from a patient with secondary septicemia who died a few hours after admission.

Methods
Phenotypic and genotypic methods failed to identify the isolate, which could only be identified by average nucleotide identity after genome sequencing. The isolate was subjected to in vitro and ex vivo assays, complemented by comparative genomics focused on the identification of unique genetic traits. Strains and genomes from the same and related species (V. cholerae and Vibrio mimicus) were used for analyses.

Results
The isolate was the only one able to resist and multiply in human serum. Its genome contained virulence genes shared with V. mimicus and/or V. cholerae, with those associated with sialic acid degradation within pathogenicity island 2 standing out. However, it also presented a unique gene cluster, flanked by a transposase gene, putatively related to surface polysaccharide pseudosialyzation.

Conclusions
We document the first case of death caused by septicemia due to V. metoecus and propose that the acquisition of surface pseudosialyzation genes explains the ability of certain isolates of this species to survive in blood. Our discovery underscores the urgent need to monitor and study newly emerging pathogenic species, as climate change may be facilitating their spread and increasing the risk of serious infections in humans.
Integrative taxonomic revision of the Cerurina-Afrocerura genus-pair (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Notodontidae, Cerurinae)
Authors: Mulvaney Lydia R J , St Laurent Ryan A , László Gyula M , Schintlmeister Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Afrotropical Cerurinae (Notodontidae) genera Cerurina Kiriakoff and Afrocerura Kiriakoff are revised. Historically, significant confusion has existed surrounding the identities of members of these 2 closely related genera. Using morphology and genetic data derived from mitochondrial COI barcodes and anchored hybrid enrichment nuclear genomics, we present an integrated taxonomic approach. Upon examining all types, historical material in global collections, and numerous recently collected specimens, we are able to associate available names with the taxa in these genera as well as describe four new species of Afrocerura for which no names were available. Historical misidentifications are also addressed. For nearly all species, both sexes and their genitalia are figured. In total, we recognize one species in Cerurina with 2 subspecies: C. marshalli marshalli Hampson (type species) and C. marshalli cameroona (Bethune-Baker) comb. n., and 8 species in Afrocerura: A. leonensis (Hampson) (type species), A. takanoisp. n., A. bifasciata (Janse), A. inexpectatasp. n., A. tanganyikae Kiriakoff stat. n., A. ethiopicasp. n., A. thomensis (Talbot) and A. smithisp. n. Color photos of C. m. cameroona larvae are presented for the first time and are compared to larvae of C. m. marshalli.
Dispersal of microbes from grassland fire smoke to soils
Authors: Ellington Adam J , Walters Kendra , Christner Brent C , Fox Sam , Bonfantine Krista , Walker Cassie , Lampman Phinehas , Vuono David C , Strickland Michael , Lambert Katie , Kobziar Leda N 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Wildland fire is increasingly recognized as a driver of bioaerosol emissions, but the effects that smoke-emitted microbes have on the diversity and community assembly patterns of the habitats where they are deposited remain unknown. In this study, we examined whether microbes aerosolized by biomass burning smoke detectably impact the composition and function of soil sinks using lab-based mesocosm experiments. Soils either containing the native microbial community or presterilized by γ-irradiation were inundated with various doses of smoke from native tallgrass prairie grasses. Smoke-inundated, γ-irradiated soils exhibited significantly higher respiration rates than both smoke-inundated, native soils and γ-irradiated soils exposed to ambient air only. Microbial communities in γ-irradiated soils were significantly different between smoke-treated and control soils, which supports the hypothesis that wildland fire smoke can act as a dispersal agent. Community compositions differed based on smoke dose, incubation time, and soil type. Concentrations of phosphate and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen together with pH were significant predictors of community composition. Source tracking analysis attributed smoke as contributing nearly 30% of the taxa found in smoke-inundated, γ-irradiated soils, suggesting smoke may play a role in the recovery of microbial communities in similar damaged soils. Our findings demonstrate that short-distance microbial dispersal by biomass burning smoke can influence the assembly processes of microbial communities in soils and has implications for a broad range of subjects including agriculture, restoration, plant disease, and biodiversity.
Marine Bacillus pumilus substances exhibit antimicrobial effect on multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Freitas-Silva Jéssyca , Martins Roberto Carlos Campos , Leal Carla Monteiro , Mendonça Simony Carvalho , Cypriano Jefferson Bomfim Silva , Oelemann Walter Martin Roland , Abreu Fernanda de Avila , Andrade-Oliveira Ana Luisa , Giambiagi-deMarval Marcia , Laport Marinella Silva 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial potential of Bp1-AdE, produced by Bacillus pumilus 64–1, and to investigate its mode of action against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).

Methods and results
Bp-1AdE, derived from sponge-associated B. pumilus, exhibited bactericidal activity at 1 550 µg ml−1 against S. aureus ATCC29213 and MRSA strains. Light and fluorescence microscopy revealed drastic cell lysis of S. aureus treated with Bp-1AdE. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy suggested that Bp-1AdE disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane. Toxicity assays showed that Bp-1AdE was non-toxic to Tenebrio molitor larvae. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Global Natural Product Social spectral libraries identified four substances within Bp-1AdE, including aliphatic alcohols [3,4-dipentylhexane-2,5-diol and 1,1′-(4,5-dibutyl-3,6-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diyl)bis(ethan-1-one)] and terpenoids (cholic acid and canrenone).

Conclusions
Bp-1AdE demonstrated selective toxicity and bactericidal activity, highlighting its potential for controlling infections caused by multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains.
Development, Validation, and Application of a Fast Sequential Method for Na, K, Ca, and Mg Determination in Hemodialysis Solutions by HR-CS F AAS
Authors: Schwartzhaupt Flávia E , Kolling Leandro , Boschetti Wiliam , Garcia Cássia V , da Silva Márcia M , Vale Maria Goreti R , Dessuy Morgana B , Mendez Andreas S L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Hemodialysis solutions are liquid concentrates used during hemodialysis sessions. They are commonly used as a renal replacement therapy.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a method to determine Na, K, Ca, and Mg in hemodialysis solutions by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS F AAS) using Design of Experiments (DOE).

Methods
The combination of the Doehlert Matrix with the desirability function was used to establish a compromise condition in the optimization of the significant variables studied: 60 L/h for acetylene flow rate, 8 mm for burner height, and 0.25% (w/v) and 0.60% (w/v) for Cs and La concentrations. The method was validated by following the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines and parameters, and, as such, the selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness were evaluated.

Results
Calibration curves with the ranges of 25–130 mg/L for Na, 1.0–5.0 mg/L for K and Ca, and 0.30–0.70 mg/L for Mg were employed. The method proved to be precise (RSD lower than 2.7%) and accurate (mean recovery data, contemplating the three levels added, were 103.0% for Na, 100.5% for K, 101.3% for Ca, and 101.5% for Mg).

Conclusions
The developed method enables the sequential multielement determination of Na, K, Ca, and Mg in a single run. Requiring only one dilution step, this method significantly reduces analysis time for both sample and standard solution preparation and measurement.

Highlights
This study presents the first method reported in the literature for multielement determination in hemodialysis solutions, offering an alternative approach to the current European Pharmacopeia method.
Changes in peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured bone density, size, and strength in Zimbabwean children with and without HIV over one year: a cohort study
Authors: Kahari Cynthia , Gregson Celia L , Breasail Mícheál Ó , Rukuni Ruramayi , Madanhire Tafadzwa , Simms Victoria , Chipanga Joseph , Stranix-Chibanda Lynda , Micklesfield Lisa K , Ferrand Rashida A , Ward Kate A , Rehman Andrea M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding bone accrual in adolescents may inform approaches to improve skeletal health and reduce adult fracture risk. We investigated the effect of HIV on bone mineral accrual assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Children with HIV (CWH) on ART for ≥2 years, and children without HIV (CWOH), aged 8-16 years (n = 609), had tibial pQCT scans at 0 and 12 months. Linear regression estimated sex-stratified differences in change (∆) and mean pQCT bone density (trabecular and cortical), size (total cross-sectional area [CSA]), and strength (SSI) between CWH and CWOH, adjusting for socio-economic status (SES) and orphanhood and incorporating an interaction term for baseline pubertal status (Tanner 1-2[pre/early] vs 3-5[mid/late]). Structural equation modeling tested whether baseline height-for-age-Z-scores (HAZ) mediate the effect of HIV on ∆bone outcomes. CWH were more likely than CWOH to be orphans (44% vs 7%), of lower SES (43% vs 27%), and be stunted (30% vs 8%); but similar in age. At baseline and follow-up, CWH had lower trabecular density, CSA, and SSI than CWOH. After adjustment, bone density and strength increased similarly in CWH and CWOH. CWH in mid/late puberty at baseline had greater 12 months increases in CSA than CWOH, particularly males (mean difference [31.3(95%CI:–3.1, 65.6) mm2 in mid/late puberty vs –2.04(–23.8, 19.7) mm2 in pre/early puberty; interaction p-value = 0.013]). HAZ mediated the effect of HIV on ∆bone outcomes only in females. as follows: indirect pathways from HIV to ∆trabecular density [–2.47 (–4.4, –0.5) mg/cm3], ∆cortical density [–3.26 (–5.5, –0.9) mg/cm3], and ∆SSI [–15.76 (–27.3, –4.2) mm3]. In conclusion, CWH show bone deficits at follow-up. Investigations of bone mineral accrual earlier in life and post-puberty to peak bone mass are needed.