bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Piperazin‐2‐ones
Authors: Wang Yanzhao , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Kun , Yang Guoqiang , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTwo different iridium catalyst systems, generated from the ruthenocene‐based phosphine‐oxazoline ligand tBu‐mono‐RuPHOX or the diphosphine ligand BINAP, were developed for the asymmetric hydrogenation of 5,6‐dihydropyrazin‐2(1H)‐ones, affording chiral piperazin‐2‐ones in good yields and with moderate to good ees. Different catalytic behaviors for the hydrogenation of these types of substrate were observed with these two catalyst systems. Our tBu‐mono‐RuPHOX ligand, which bears a ruthenocene scaffold with planar chirality, was found to be the best ligand for the [Ir(L)(COD)]BArF catalyst system, affording the desired products with up to 94% ee.magnified image
The Global Ethics Corner: foundations, beliefs, and the teaching of biomedical and scientific ethics around the world
Authors: Jakubowski Henry , Xie Jianping , Kumar Mitra Arup , Ghooi Ravindra , Hosseinkhani Saman , Alipour Mohsen , Hajipour Behnam , Obiero George 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe profound advances in the biomolecular sciences over the last decades have enabled similar advances in biomedicine. These advances have increasingly challenged our abilities to deploy them in an equitable and ethically acceptable manner. As such, it has become necessary and important to teach biomedical and scientific ethics to our students who will become the researchers, medical professionals, and global citizens of the future. As advances in the biosciences and medicine are made, developed, and used across the globe, our survival on an endangered planet requires global dialog and consensual action. To that end, a group of us from around the world have come together to describe the differing foundations of our ethical beliefs, and how ethical issues in biomedicine and in science are described and confronted in our countries. We hope to show the commonality in our beliefs and practices and to encourage readers from around the world to contribute to a continuing discussion through a new section of the journal, The Global Ethics Corner. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(5):385–395, 2017.
Design and Synthesis of C3‐Substituted β‐Carboline‐Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors with Potent Antitumor Activities
Authors: Ling Yong , Feng Jiao , Luo Lin , Guo Jing , Peng Yanfu , Wang Tingting , Ge Xiang , Xu Qibing , Wang Xinyang , Dai Hong , Zhang Yanan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA series of hydroxamic acid histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in which the β‐carboline motif has been incorporated were designed and synthesized. The effect of substitution at the C3 amide on HDAC inhibition and antiproliferative activities was investigated. Most of these compounds were found to display significant HDAC inhibitory effects and good antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values in the low‐micromolar range. In particular, the HDAC inhibition IC50 value of N‐(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)‐N‐(4‐(hydroxylcarbamoyl)benzyl)‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐9H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole‐3‐carboxamide (9 h) is five‐fold lower than that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, vorinostat). Furthermore, 9 h was found to increase the acetylation of histone H3 and α‐tubulin, and to induce DNA damage as evidenced by hypochromism and enhanced phosphorylation of histone H2AX. Compound 9 h inhibits Stat3, Akt, and ERK signaling, important cell‐growth‐promoting pathways that are aberrantly activated in most cancers. Finally, 9 h showed reasonable solubility and permeability in Caco‐2 cells. Our findings suggest that these novel β‐carboline‐based HDAC inhibitors may hold great promise as therapeutic agents for the treatment of human cancers.
Erosion of refugia in the Sierra Nevada meadows network with climate change
Authors: Maher Sean P. , Morelli Toni Lyn , Hershey Michelle , Flint Alan L. , Flint Lorraine E. , Moritz Craig , Beissinger Steven R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractClimate refugia management has been proposed as a climate adaptation strategy in the face of global change. Key to this strategy is identification of these areas as well as an understanding of how they are connected on the landscape. Focusing on meadows of the Sierra Nevada in California, we examined multiple factors affecting connectivity using circuit theory, and determined how patches have been and are expected to be affected by climate change. Connectivity surfaces varied depending upon the underlying hypothesis, although meadow area and elevation were important features for higher connectivity. Climate refugia that would promote population persistence were identified from downscaled climate layers, based on locations with minimal climatic change from historical conditions. This approach was agnostic to specific species, yielding a broad perspective about changes and localized habitats. Connectivity was not a consistent predictor of refugial status in the 20th century, but expected future climate refugia tended to have higher connectivity than those that recently deviated from historical conditions. Climate change is projected to reduce the number of refugial meadows on a variety of climate axes, resulting in a sparser network of potential refugia across elevations. Our approach provides a straightforward method that can be used as a tool to prioritize places for climate adaptation.
Preparing for the Speaking Tasks of the TOEFL iBT® Test: An Investigation of the Journeys of Chinese Test Takers
Authors: Yu Guoxing , He Lianzhen , Rea‐Dickins Pauline , Kiely Richard , Lu Yanbin , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yan , Xu Shasha , Fang Lin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLanguage test preparation has often been studied within the consequential validity framework in relation to ethics, equity, fairness, and washback of assessment. The use of independent and integrated speaking tasks in the TOEFL iBT® test represents a significant development and innovation in assessing speaking ability in academic contexts. Integrated tasks that involve synthesizing and summarizing information presented in reading and listening materials have the potential to generate new test preparation strategies. This study investigated the experiences of over 1,500 Chinese test takers and 23 teachers who were preparing for the TOEFL iBT speaking tasks. It examined the frequency of use of a number of different test preparation activities and materials, reasons, and expectations for taking preparation courses and the features of preparation courses. In addition, we examined the usefulness of test preparation from two perspectives: students' and teachers' perceptions as well as the relationship between test preparation and performance. Data were collected via questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews with test takers and teachers, and classroom observations. The data showed that (a) test preparation was a hugely complex, multiple‐components construct, and teaching and learning test‐taking strategies compose the most prominent feature of intensive preparation courses; (b) there were significant age‐related differences in students' preparation activities and focuses, although with small effect sizes; (c) there was a high agreement between teachers and students in their views on the usefulness of test preparation activities; and (d) there existed only a weak relationship between test preparation and performance. The only significant predictor of students' test performance was the frequency of their use of the TOEFL Practice Online TPO® practice tests. The findings of the study can enhance our understanding of the pedagogical practices that characterize test preparation programs and contribute to the ongoing validity argument for the TOEFL iBT Speaking test. The implications of the findings for test publishers, test takers, teachers, and test preparation schools are discussed with reference to the instructional, learning, and affective aspects of the multifaceted construct of test preparation.
Adaptation to health states: Sick yet better off?
Authors: Cubí‐Mollá Patricia , Jofre‐Bonet Mireia , Serra‐Sastre Victoria 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHealthcare funding decisions in the UK rely on health state valuations of the general public. However, it has been shown that there is disparity between the valuation of the impact of hypothetical conditions on health and the reported health by those experiencing them. Patients' adaptation to health states is among the most common explanations for this discrepancy. Being diagnosed with a disease appears to affect individual perception of health over time so that better subjective health may be reported over a disease trajectory. This paper examines adaptation to health states using a longitudinal dataset. We use four waves of the British Cohort Study (BCS70), which tracks a sample of British individuals since birth in 1970 and contains information on self‐assessed health (SAH), morbidity, and socioeconomic characteristics. We implement a dynamic ordered probit model controlling for health state dependence. Results are supportive of the existence of adaptation: Time since diagnosis has a positive impact on SAH. Moreover, adaptation happens over relatively long durations. We do not find significant results proving different adaptation paths for patients reporting prior better SAH. The analysis by specific conditions generally supports the existence of adaptation, but results are statistically significant only for a subset of conditions.
Fabrication of Nanoscale Patternable Films of Silk Fibroin Using Benign Solvents
Authors: Bucciarelli Alessio , Pal Ramendra K. , Maniglio Devid , Quaranta Alberto , Mulloni Viviana , Motta Antonella , Yadavalli Vamsi K. 
Published: April 2017

The silk protein fibroin is a wondrous biopolymer widely used to form structures that interface with biological entities. In addition to tissue scaffolds, sponges, and films, biochemically modified fibroins can be used in conjunction with techniques such as photolithography and soft lithography to expand their repertoire for micro‐ and nanofabricated systems. To date, the use of hexafluoro‐2‐isopropanol (HFIP) has been prevalent as a solvent for fibroin and fibroin “resists.” However, high volatility, toxicity, cost, and need for specialized disposal render the necessity for alternative solvents. Additionally, for applications such as in optics and bioelectronics, smooth, thin (≈100 nm and below) fibroin films are a prerequisite, which are not easily achieved using HFIP. Here, the use of formic acid (FA) as a sustainable solvent is presented for silk fibroin and fibroin “resist” materials, specifically for micro‐ and nanoscale applications. The reproducible formation and characterization of stable thin films of high homogeneity, smoothness, and optical transparency are demonstrated. Critically, these films can be used for high‐resolution photopatterning of proteins using benchtop lithographic techniques. The study indicates that FA is a relatively benign and optimal solvent for forming smooth, thin films, and microscale architectures for the fabrication of next generation silk‐based optical devices.
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Induction of Helical Structure by Sesamin, and Production of Oriented Helical Polymer with Liquid Crystal Magneto‐Electrochemical Polymerization
Authors: Dong Jiuchao , Nimori Shigeki , Kawabata Kohsuke , Goto Hiromasa 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSesamin was employed as a chiral dopant for preparing cholesteric liquid crystals with right‐handed helical architecture. Helical twisting power of sesamin is to be 13.4 μm−1. Electrochemical polymerizations were carried out with sesamin‐induced cholesteric liquid crystal electrolyte solution for obtaining conjugated polymer films with helical structure. The film was transcribed the helical order from the liquid crystal electrolyte solution with helical structure produced by sesamin during the polymerization process. The helical axes of the macromolecular superstructure of the polymer films were oriented in a magnetic field of 4.5 T. This results demonstrated liquid crystal magneto‐electrochemical polymerization with helical structure induced by sesamin as a natural chiral compound. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1894–1899
Dynamic Compressive Properties of Polymer Bonded Explosives under Confining Pressure
Authors: Xiao Youcai , Sun Yi , Li Xiao , Zhang Qiuhua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPassively confined dynamic impact experiments on PBX1314 specimens are performed by employing aluminum jackets with split Hopkinson pressure bar. The axial and radial stress history curves are measured in the experiments, and the characterizations of the behavior of PBX1314 under dynamic multi‐axial loads are studied. A constitutive relation is developed for modeling the dynamic mechanical responses of PBX1314 by using the Boltzmann superposition principle with a Prony series representation. The material parameters of PBX1314 can be obtained by fitting the modulus master curve. Detailed finite element simulations of the passively confined tests are carried out to evaluate the measure accuracy of the device to the material mechanical behavior. The correctness of the constitutive relation is verified by comparison the finite element simulations with the experiments. Good agreements are obtained.
The starch‐binding domain family CBM41—An in silico analysis of evolutionary relationships
Authors: Janeček Štefan , Majzlová Katarína , Svensson Birte , MacGregor E. Ann 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTWithin the CAZy database, there are 81 carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM) families. A CBM represents a non‐catalytic domain in a modular arrangement of glycoside hydrolases (GHs). The present in silico study has been focused on starch‐binding domains from the family CBM41 that are usually part of pullulanases from the α‐amylase family GH13. Currently there are more than 1,600 sequences classified in the family CBM41, almost exclusively from Bacteria, and so a study was undertaken in an effort to divide the members into relevant groups (subfamilies) and also to contribute to the evolutionary picture of family CBM41. The CBM41 members adopt a β‐sandwich fold (∼100 residues) with one carbohydrate‐binding site formed by the side‐chains of three aromatic residues that interact with carbohydrate. The family CBM41 can be divided into two basic subdivisions, distinguished from each other by a characteristic sequence pattern or motif of the three essential aromatics as follows: (i) “W‐W‐∼10aa‐W” (the so‐called Streptococcus/Klebsiella‐type); and (ii) “W‐W‐∼30aa‐W” (Thermotoga‐type). Based on our bioinformatics analysis it is clear that the first and second positions of the motif can be occupied by aromatic residues (Phe, Tyr, His) other than tryptophan, resulting in the existence of six different carbohydrate‐binding CBM41 groups, that reflect mostly differences in taxonomy, but which should retain the ability to bind an α‐glucan. In addition, three more groups have been proposed that, although lacking the crucial aromatic motif, could possibly employ other residues from remaining parts of their sequence for binding carbohydrate. Proteins 2017; 85:1480–1492. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Activities of Nine Medicinal Herbs Used as Antidiabetic in the Region of Lubumbashi (DR Congo)
Authors: Amuri Bakari , Maseho Mwamba , Simbi Lumbu , Okusa Philippe , Duez Pierre , Byanga Kahumba 
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities of nine plants used as antidiabetic treatments in Lubumbashi and its surroundings. Those are Albizia adianthifolia, Azanza garckeana, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia sieberiana, Erythrina abyssinica, Gladiolus klattianus, Rauvolfia caffra, Strychnos spinosa, and Vitex madiensis. Aqueous extracts, obtained by decoction and maceration, were administered (500 mg/kg) per os to guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), both in glucose baseline conditions and in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) conditions (glucose, 2 g/kg; follow‐up over 210 min). For OGTT experiments, area under the curve of blood glucose levels, maximum glucose concentration (Cmax), and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) were used to compare test groups with the control conditions (glucose group). In hypoglycemic tests, only three species induced significant (p < 0.001) lowering of normal glycemia: A. adianthifolia (33% reduction), C. occidentalis (32%), and V. madiensis (43%); in the same conditions, the positive control glibenclamide (6 mg/kg) induced a blood glucose lowering of 55%. In OGTT conditions, all tested herbs were active, with the highest inhibition of glycemia increases for V. madiensis (62%) and A. adianthifolia (57%), compared with the hyperglycemic inhibition rate of glibenclamide (50%). Oral glucose tolerance test conditions appear as essential to detect the extracts most interesting for clinical use. These data support the use of studied plants for diabetes treatment in traditional Congolese medicine and indicate a good knowledge of tradipraticians in the field. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guaranteed conditional design of the median chart with estimated parameters
Authors: Hu XueLong , Castagliola Philippe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA common assumption for most control charts is the fact that the process parameters are supposed to be known or accurately estimated from Phase I samples. But, in practice, this is not a realistic assumption and the process parameters are usually estimated from a very limited number of samples that, in addition, may contain some outliers. Recently, a median chart with estimated parameters has been proposed to overcome these issues and it has been investigated in terms of the unconditional Average Run Length (ARL). As this median chart with estimated parameters does not take the “Phase I between‐practitioners” variability into account, in this paper, we suggest to revisit it using the Standard Deviation of the ARL as a measure of performance. The results show that this Standard Deviation of the ARL–based median chart actually requires a much larger amount of Phase I data than previously recommended to sufficiently reduce the variation in the chart performance. Due to the practical limitation of the number of the Phase I data, the bootstrap method is recommended as a good alternative approach to define new dedicated control chart parameters.
An overview of online based platforms for sharing and analyzing electrophysiology data from big data perspective
Authors: Chen Yang , Wang Zhong‐yi , Yuan Gang , Huang Lan 
Published: April 2017

With the development of applications and high‐throughput sensor technologies in medical fields, scientists and scientific professionals are facing a big challenge—how to manage and analyze the big electrophysiological datasets created by these sensor technologies. The challenge exhibits several aspects: one is the size of the data (which is usually more than terabytes); the second is the format used to store the data (the data created are generally stored using different formats); the third is that most of these unstructured, semi‐structured, or structured datasets are still distributed over many researchers' own local computers in their laboratories, which are not open access, to become isolated data islands. Thus, how to overcome the challenge and share/mine the scientific data has become an important research topic. The aim of this paper is to systematically review recent published research on the developed web‐based electrophysiological data platforms from the perspective of cloud computing and programming frameworks. Based on this review, we suggest that a conceptual scientific workflow‐based programming framework associated with an elastic cloud computing environment running big data tools (such as Hadoop and Spark) is a good choice for facilitating effective data mining and collaboration among scientists. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1206. doi: 10.1002/widm.1206This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Health Care
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Information Repositories
Technologies > Computer Architectures for Data Mining
Long-time behavior of solutions to the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation for soliton-free initial data
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Perry Peter A. , Sulem Catherine 
Published: April 2017

The large-time behavior of solutions to the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation is established for initial conditions in some weighted Sobolev spaces under the assumption that the initial conditions do not support solitons. Our approach uses the inverse scattering setting and the nonlinear steepest descent method of Deift and Zhou as recast by Dieng and McLaughlin.

Résumé
On établit le comportement au temps long des solutions de l'équation de Schrödinger nonlinéraire avec dérivée dans des espaces de Sobolev à poids, sous l'hypothèse que les conditions initiales ne supportent pas de solitons. Notre approche utilise l'inverse scattering et la méthode de la plus grande pente (“steepest descent”) nonlinéaire de Deift et Zhou revisitée par Dieng et McLaughlin.
Geochemistry, composition, and structure of protoasphaltenes in organic matter of recent lacustrine sediments
Authors: Borisova L.S. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Asphaltenes and asphaltogene acids of organic matter (OM) of lacustrine sediments in the Novosibirsk and Tomsk Regions of West Siberia have been investigated by applying physical and physicochemical methods (elemental and X-ray diffraction analyses, IR, NMR, and EPR spectroscopy, Rock Eval pyrolysis, and electron microscopy). Compared with asphaltenes of dispersed OM at the early catagenesis stages, asphaltenes of OM at the diagenesis stage have a high number of hydrogen atoms and heteroatoms, a low degree of aromaticity, a low concentration of paramagnetic centers, a large number of carbon atoms in the long paraffin chains and oxygen-containing groups. Tetravalent vanadium is absent from asphaltenes of recent lacustrine sediments, and only complex compounds of copper have been identified. The sediments contain not asphaltenes but their precursors, protoasphaltenes. These are less condensed compounds with a looser nongraphite structure and a rather high petroleum potential. At the diagenesis stage, protoasphaltenes are immature protokerogen blocks.
New data on the structure of the Turukhan zone of deformation from the results of seismic survey and geological traverses
Authors: Efimov A.S. , Smirnov M.Yu. , Ukhlova G.D. , Mosyagin E.V. , Keller E.G. , Kudrina T.R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The structure of the junction between the Turukhan zone of deformation and the Kureika Basin was studied using regional reflection profiling data acquired along the Lower Tunguska River, with reference to well logs and land-based geological surveys. The western flank of the line comprises four large blocks separated by faults, which produce different patterns in seismic sections. The eastern part of the line covers the margin of the Kureika Basin filled with plane-bedded sediments and its border with the Turukhan Uplift and the Turukhan tectonic zone with thrust sheets.