bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and thermophysical properties of RETa3O9 (RE = Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er) as promising thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Chen Lin , Jiang YeHua , Chong XiaoYu , Feng Jing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are one of the most important materials in gas turbine to protect the high temperature components. RETa3O9 compounds have a defect‐perovskite structure, indicating that they have low thermal conductivity, which is the critical property of TBCs. Herein, dense RETa3O9 bulk ceramics were fabricated via solid‐state reaction. The crystal structure was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscope. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure. The thermophysical properties of RETa3O9 were studied systematically, including specific heat, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficients, and high‐temperature phase stability. The thermal conductivities of RETa3O9 are very low (1.33‐2.37 W/m·K, 373‐1073 K), which are much lower than YSZ and La2Zr2O7; and the thermal expansion coefficients range from 4.0 × 10−6 K−1 to 10.2×10−6 K−1 (1273 K), which is close to La2Zr2O7 and YSZ. According to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve there is not phase transition at the test temperature. Due to the high melting point and excellent high‐temperature phase stability with these oxides, RETa3O9 ceramics were promising candidate materials for TBCs.
Dielectric relaxation and electrical conduction in (BixNa1−x)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Jing Qi , Xi Zengzhe , Liu Peng , Long Wei , Fang Pinyang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe dielectric relaxation and electrical conduction were investigated in (BixNa1−x)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 (Abb. xBNBT6, x = 0.5, 0.495, 0.485, and 0.475) ceramics prepared by solid state reaction. With a decrease in x, the dielectric properties of the ceramics decreased, whereas the electrical conduction increased, resulting in a transition from insulator to oxide‐ions conductor. When x = 0.475, the ceramics exhibited large conductivity (~10−3 S cm−1 at 575°C) and low activation energy (~0.45 eV), indicating their potential application in solid oxide fuel cells. A mixed conduction mechanism with oxide‐ions, electrons, and holes was proposed. With a decrease in x from 0.495 to 0.475, it was found that the p‐type conduction was switched to n‐type conduction. The dielectric relaxation of the x = 0.495 sample was associated with short‐range hopping of oxygen vacancies. However, the dielectric properties of the x = 0.485 and 0.475 samples can be explained by Maxwell‐Wagner interface relaxation.
Effects of different methods of reflection on nurses' gaze and judgement in a task using a touch panel
Authors: Nishimura Ayako 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo clarify the effects of different methods of reflection on nurses' gaze and judgement in a task using a touch panel, written and oral methods of reflection were compared.BackgroundRecently, with the development of ICT, nursing education and learning with ICT have spread. However, there are few studies that have analysed the objective effects of learning with ICT and the effects of different methods of learning.DesignThis study was a randomised controlled trial comparing writing and oral reflection groups.MethodsForty‐one nurses were divided into two groups as follows: 21 nurses in the writing group and 20 nurses in the oral group. Eye movements were recorded as subjects performed a task on a touch panel. A still photograph of the hospital room was displayed on the touch panel, and the subjects touched the panel according to the instructions provided. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney test to compare the results between the two groups.ResultsIn an observation task using a touch panel of a setting requiring environmental improvement, we found no observable differences between the two reflection methods with regard to gaze and judgement in the overall setting. However, with respect to the items in the setting, the writing group judged with gazing after reflection, whereas the oral group judged without gazing.ConclusionsOral reflection as well as reflective writing had positive effects on observation for tasks requiring overall gaze and judgement. On the other hand, reflective writing promoted the visual verification of items requiring observation in the hospital setting.Relevance to clinical practiceReflective writing promotes visual verification in nurses in a clinical setting while performing a task using a touch panel.
RETRACTED: Effects of melatonin on fatty liver disease: The role of NR4A1/DNA‐PKcs/p53 pathway, mitochondrial fission, and mitophagy
Authors: Zhou Hao , Du Wenjuan , Li Ye , Shi Chen , Hu Nan , Ma Sai , Wang Weihu , Ren Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through poorly defined mechanisms. Melatonin supplementation has been found to protect liver function in diabetes and obesity. Here, we intensively explored the role and mechanism of melatonin in the development of NAFLD. We demonstrated that the onset of diet‐induced NAFLD greatly caused NR4A1 upregulation in hepatocytes, leading to the activation of DNA‐PKcs and p53. On the one hand, p53 aided Drp1 migration in the mitochondria and consequently drove mitochondrial fission. On the other hand, p53 repressed Bnip3 transcription and expression, resulting in mitophagy arrest. The excessive fission and deficient mitophagy dramatically mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, including extensive mPTP opening, reduction in mitochondrial potential, oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial respiratory collapse, and ATP shortage. However, genetic deletion of NR4A1 or DNA‐PKcs could definitively reverse NAFLD progression and the mitochondrial dysfunction. Similarly, melatonin supplementation could robustly reduce the damage to liver and mitochondrial structure and function in NAFLD. Mechanistically, melatonin halted fission but recovered mitophagy via blockade of NR4A1/DNA‐PKcs/p53 pathway, finally improving mitochondrial and liver function in the setting of NAFLD. Our results identify NR4A1/DNA‐PKcs/p53 pathway as the novel molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD via regulation of Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission and Bnip3‐related mitophagy. Meanwhile, we also confirm that melatonin has the ability to cut off the NR4A1/DNA‐PKcs/p53 pathway, which confers a protective advantage to hepatocytes and mitochondria. The manipulation of NR4A1/DNA‐PKcs/p53 pathway by melatonin highlights a new entry point for treating NAFLD.
Hepatitis delta virus infection in a large cohort of chronic hepatitis B patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Aberra Hanna , Gordien Emmanuel , Desalegn Hailemichael , Berhe Nega , Medhin Girmay , Mekasha Bitsatab , Gundersen Svein G. , Gerber Athenaïs , Stene‐Johansen Kathrine , Øverbø Joakim , Johannessen Asgeir 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is associated with a more severe outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, little is known about the presence of HDV in sub‐Saharan Africa. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HDV infection, as well as its clinical, biological and virological characteristics, in a large CHB cohort in Ethiopia.MethodsIn total, 1267 HIV‐negative CHB patients at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa were screened for anti‐HDV antibodies using ELISA assays. Confirmed positive samples were further tested for HDV RNA using a consensus commercial real‐time RT‐PCR assay. HDV genotypes were also determined for RNA‐positive samples by nucleotide sequencing followed by phylogenetic analyses. Demographical, clinical and biological data from patients were recorded and compared based on HDV RNA results.ResultsMost patients (n = 748, 59.0%) were men, and the median age was 31 years (interquartile range 26‐40). Anti‐HDV antibodies were detected in 19 individuals (1.5%), 12 of whom were HDV RNA‐positive with a viral load ranging from <2 to >8 log 10 IU/mL. All strains were genotype 1. HDV RNA‐positive patients were more likely to have significant liver fibrosis (63.6% vs 24.7%, P = .007) and cirrhosis (45.5% vs 16.4%, P = .024).ConclusionsHDV infection is rare in Ethiopia but is associated with more advanced liver fibrosis.
Corporate Mortality Files and Late Industrial Necropolitics
Authors: Little Peter C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article critically examines the corporate production, archival politics, and socio–legal dimensions of corporate mortality files (CMFs), the largest corporate archive developed by IBM to systematically document industrial exposures and occupational health outcomes for electronics workers. I first provide a history of IBM's CMF project, which amounts to a comprehensive mortality record for IBM employees over the past 40 years. Next, I explore a recent case in Endicott, New York, birthplace of IBM, where the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health studied IBM's CMFs for workers at IBM's former Endicott plant. Tracking the production of the IBM CMF, the strategic avoidance of this source of big data as evidence for determining a recent legal settlement, alongside local critiques of the IBM CMF project, the article develops what I call “late industrial necropolitics.”
Experiences and lessons learned for delivery of micronutrient powders interventions
Authors: Reerink Ietje , Namaste Sorrel ML , Poonawala Alia , Nyhus Dhillon Christina , Aburto Nancy , Chaudhery Deepika , Kroeun Hou , Griffiths Marcia , Haque Mohammad Raisul , Bonvecchio Anabelle , Jefferds Maria Elena , Rawat Rahul 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn effective delivery strategy coupled with relevant social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) have been identified as central to the implementation of micronutrient powders (MNP) interventions, but there has been limited documentation of what works. Under the auspices of “The Micronutrient Powders Consultation: Lessons Learned for Operational Guidance,” three working groups were formed to summarize experiences and lessons across countries regarding MNP interventions for young children. This paper focuses on programmatic experiences related to MNP delivery (models, platforms, and channels), SBCC, and training. Methods included a review of published and grey literature, interviews with key informants, and deliberations throughout the consultation process. We found that most countries distributed MNP free of charge via the health sector, although distribution through other platforms and using subsidized fee for product or mixed payment models have also been used. Community‐based distribution channels have generally shown higher coverage and when part of an infant and young child feeding approach, may provide additional benefit given their complementarity. SBCC for MNP has worked best when focused on meeting the MNP behavioural objectives (appropriate use, intake adherence, and related infant and young child feeding behaviours). Programmers have learned that reincorporating SBCC and training throughout the intervention life cycle has allowed for much needed adaptations. Diverse experiences delivering MNP exist, and although no one‐size‐fits‐all approach emerged, well‐established delivery platforms, community involvement, and SBCC‐centred designs tended to have more success. Much still needs to be learned on MNP delivery, and we propose a set of implementation research questions that require further investigation.
Experiences and lessons learned for programme improvement of micronutrient powders interventions
Authors: Vossenaar Marieke , Tumilowicz Alison , D'Agostino Alexis , Bonvecchio Anabelle , Grajeda Ruben , Imanalieva Cholpon , Irizarry Laura , Mulokozi Generose , Sudardjo Minarto Noto , Tsevegsuren Narantsetseg , Neufeld Lynnette M 
Published: October 2017

AbstractContinual course correction during implementation of nutrition programmes is critical to address factors that might limit coverage and potential for impact. Programme improvement requires rigorous scientific inquiry to identify and address implementation pathways and the factors that affect them. Under the auspices of “The Micronutrient Powders Consultation: Lessons Learned for Operational Guidance,” 3 working groups were formed to summarize experiences and lessons across countries regarding micronutrient powder (MNP) interventions for young children. This paper focuses on how MNP interventions undertook key elements of programme improvement, specifically, the use of programme theory, monitoring, process evaluation, and supportive supervision. Methods included a review of published and grey literature, interviews with key informants, and deliberations throughout the consultation process. We found that although much has been written and published about the use of monitoring and process evaluation to inform MNP interventions at small scale, there has been little formal documentation of lessons for the transition from pilot to scaled implementation. Supervision processes and experiences are not documented, and to our knowledge, there is no evidence of whether they have been effective to improve implementation. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of interventions requires identification of critical indicators for detecting implementation challenges and drivers of impact, integration with existing programmes and systems, strengthened technical capacity, and financing for implementation of effective monitoring systems. Our understanding of programme improvement for MNP interventions is still incomplete, especially outside of the pilot stage, and we propose a set of implementation research questions that require further investigation.
The effects of aging on notional defined contribution pension systems: A theoretical investigation
Authors: Patriarca Fabrizio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes a theoretical framework for analyzing the properties of pay‐as‐you‐go notional defined contributions (NDCs) systems within the context of aging. Different from the defined‐benefit scheme, where aging harms the financial sustainability of the social security system, the NDC determines pension benefits while taking into account life expectancy and demographic trends, turning the issue of financial sustainability into one of pension adequacy. This paper explores the balance sheet effects when life expectancy, retirement thresholds and entry age in the labor market vary by cohorts. The study suggests some solutions for practical issues concerning aging in NDC systems, such as (a) the bias related to the forecasts of survival rates, (b) the indexation of pension benefits and (c) the setup of tenure and age requirements for retirement.
Biscay and Beyond? Prehistoric Voyaging between Two Finisterres
Authors: Callaghan Richard , Scarre Chris 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe Atlantic peninsulas of western Europe present intriguing cultural parallels that reach back into later prehistory. Furthermore, direct evidence of interconnections from the fifth millennium BC is revealed by the movement of specific materials such as Iberian variscite. Brittany and Galicia were key nodes within this potential network of maritime interaction, but debate continues as to the routes that were chosen and the navigational abilities involved. Did early seafarers keep close to the coast and did long journeys involve many intermediate landfalls? Or did crews venture direct crossings of the Bay of Biscay? In the absence of surviving evidence for the kinds of vessel likely to have been used by Neolithic seaborne navigators, modern wind and current data are here used to generate models indicating journey times for small sea‐going craft powered only by oars, following the coastal or the direct route. The results are discussed within the context of selected material flows (jadeitite, variscite, copper, Beakers) and against a background of potentially changing maritime technology.
Ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing in Early Jurassic belemnites from Germany and France, and their palaeobiological implications
Authors: Wani Ryoji , Tajika Amane , Ikuno Kenji , Iwasaki Tetsuro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBased on well‐preserved belemnites, the ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing between succeeding chambers were analysed. In the examined species (Passaloteuthis laevigata,Parapassaloteuthis zieteniandPseudohasitites longiformis) that come from Buttenheim, Germany, and Lixhausen, France, the ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing follow exponentially increasing trends with no decreasing phase of septal crowding during the earliest ontogenetic stage. The absence of a decreasing trend at the earliest ontogenetic stage is a unique character in contrast with those in modern cuttlefish and ancient and modern nautiloids, in which the decreasing trends are related to hatching events. These ontogenetic septal spacing trends suggest that the belemnite hatchlings had only a protoconch with no chamber. These belemnite hatchlings with no chamber and therefore small embryonic shell diameter are similar to those of ammonoids. Significant difference in a statistical test that compared the protoconch size between the two localities, might suggest that there was limited transportation at the embryonic stage, although it could also just indicate differences in regional environmental conditions, age and/or degree of time averaging which might differ between the examined taxa.
Germinate to exterminate: chemical stimulation of Spongospora subterranea resting spore germination and its potential to diminish soil inoculum
Authors: Balendres M. A. , Clark T. J. , Tegg R. S. , Wilson C. R. 
Published: October 2017

Hoagland's solution (HS), a defined nutrient supplement for plants, has been previously reported to stimulate zoospore release from resting spores of the potato pathogen Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea. This study obtained direct empirical evidence for an increase in zoospore release with HS treatment, and identified Fe‐EDTA as the stimulant component of HS. Stimulation of resting spores by HS and Fe‐EDTA resulted in greater and earlier zoospore release compared to a distilled water control, and in the presence of a susceptible tomato host plant resulted in enhanced root infection. Given the labile nature of S. subterranea zoospores, it was postulated that stimulation of premature release of zoospores from the dormant resting spores in absence of susceptible hosts could reduce soil inoculum levels. In two glasshouse trials in the absence of host plants, both Fe‐EDTA and HS soil treatments reduced S. subterranea soil inoculum levels, providing proof of concept for the ‘germinate to exterminate’ approach to inoculum management.
Rationality, Virtue, and Faith: Can We Find a Pro‐Theology Philosophy?Rationality as Virtue: Towards a Theological Philosophy, LydiaSchumacher, Ashgate, 2015 (ISBN 978‐1‐4724‐4265‐9), xii + 230 pp., hb £65Theological Philosophy: Rethinking the Rationality of Christian Faith, LydiaSchumacher, Ashgate, 2015 (ISBN 978‐1‐4724‐4262‐8), xii + 210 pp., hb £60
Authors: Pattison George 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLydia Schumacher's two‐volume essay in constructive philosophical theology is an attempt to model a new approach to the relationship between philosophy and theology that might offer a constructive and positive response to the way in which many modern conceptions of rationality involve skepticism about the rationality of faith. Having laid the foundations of this approach in Volume 1 (Rationality as Virtue), Volume 2 develops what the author calls a pro‐theology philosophy. Both parts rely strongly, though not slavishly, on Aquinas, and, as in Thomist thought, the anthropological starting point is a view of the human being as a rational animal. This is an impressive project, but by taking its point of departure in such a view of the human essence, Schumacher's project is isolated from major currents of modern philosophy. Questions are also raised about the transition to Trinitarian theology and the lack of worked examples, the latter making it difficult to see just how this ‘pro‐theology philosophy’ would relate to concrete issues of life.
Is there Theology in this Book?The Theology of Augustine's Confessions, PaulRigby, Cambridge University Press, 2015 (ISBN 978‐1107094925), xv + 340 pp., hb £67Augustine's Confessions: Philosophy in Autobiography, William E.Mann (ed.), Oxford University Press, 2014 (ISBN 978‐0199577552), xi +223 pp., hb £36The Space of Time: A Sensualist Interpretation of Time in Augustine, Confessions X to XII, DavidvanDusen, Brill, 2014 (ISBN 978‐9004266865), xv + 358 pp., hb €149Confessions: Books 1–8, Augustine of Hippo, trans. Carolyn J.‐B. Hammond, Harvard University Press, 2014 (ISBN 978‐0674996854), lxv + 413 pp., hb $26Confessions: Books 9–13, Augustine of Hippo, trans. Carolyn J.‐B. Hammond, Harvard University Press, 2016, (ISBN 978‐0674996939), xlii + 446 pp., hb $26Confessions, Augustine of Hippo, trans. Sarah Ruden, The Modern Library, 2017 (ISBN 978‐0812996562), xli + 484 pp., $28
Authors: Teubner Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis review essay discusses three recent books on, and two new translations of, Augustine's Confessions. Long appreciated for its stylistic beauty and existential profundity, the Confessions has recently become a resource for creative philosophical reflection in both the analytic and continental traditions. However, there has not been a recent theological treatment of the Confessions, a curious lacuna considering Augustine's importance for the history of Christian doctrine. This review probes three recent works – Paul Rigby's The Theology of Augustine's Confessions, Gareth Matthews' edited collection Augustine's Confessions: Philosophy in Autobiography, and David van Dusen's The Space of Time: A Sensualist Interpretation of Time in Augustine, Confessions X to XII – for how they in turn attempt to address, avoid, and reject the theological subject matter within the text. In each of them, a reader can discern an effort to translate Augustine's language into a contemporary idiom that strays from traditional doctrinal locution. Two new English translations by Carolyn J.‐B. Hammond and Sarah Ruden demonstrate that conveying the theology within the Confessions is a challenge even at the granular level of textual translation. This review concludes by considering how this theological lacuna might be filled, considering the complexity of Augustine's language, argument, and self‐presentation that has made this text more than simply another work of theology.
Can Risk‐Averse Households Make Risky Investments? The Role of Trust in Others
Authors: Bucciol Alessandro , Cavasso Barbara , Zarri Luca 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this paper, using data from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, 2006 and 2013 waves), we illustrate the link between individuals’ attitudes to financial risk combined with their willingness to trust others, and their investments in risky assets. Individuals who display either risk tolerance alone or – to a lesser extent – risk aversion and trust more frequently decide to buy risky assets. The comparison between Scandinavian and Mediterranean countries indicates that trust plays qualitatively different roles depending on the prevailing combination of risk attitude and trust in the area being studied.