bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing the temporal self: robotic models of episodic and autobiographical memory
Authors: Prescott Tony J. , Dominey Peter F. 
Published: September 2024

Episodic memories are experienced as belonging to a self that persists in time. We review evidence concerning the nature of human episodic memory and of the sense of self and how these emerge during development, proposing that the younger child experiences a persistent self that supports a subjective experience of remembering. We then explore recent research in cognitive architectures for robotics that has investigated the possibility of forms of synthetic episodic and autobiographical memory. We show that recent advances in generative modeling can support an understanding of the emergence of self and of episodic memory, and that cognitive architectures which include a language capacity are showing progress towards the construction of a narrative self with autobiographical memory capabilities for robots. We conclude by considering the prospects for a more complete model of mental time travel in robotics and the implications of this modeling work for understanding human episodic memory and the self in time.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Elements of episodic memory: lessons from 40 years of research’.
Elements of episodic memory: insights from artificial agents
Authors: Boyle Alexandria , Blomkvist Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Many recent artificial intelligence (AI) systems take inspiration from biological episodic memory. Here, we ask how these ‘episodic-inspired’ AI systems might inform our understanding of biological episodic memory. We discuss work showing that these systems implement some key features of episodic memory while differing in important respects and appear to enjoy behavioural advantages in the domains of strategic decision-making, fast learning, navigation, exploration and acting over temporal distance. We propose that these systems could be used to evaluate competing theories of episodic memory’s operations and function. However, further work is needed to validate them as models of episodic memory and isolate the contributions of their memory systems to their behaviour. More immediately, we propose that these systems have a role to play in directing episodic memory research by highlighting novel or neglected hypotheses as pursuit-worthy. In this vein, we propose that the evidence reviewed here highlights two pursuit-worthy hypotheses about episodic memory’s function: that it plays a role in planning that is independent of future-oriented simulation, and that it is adaptive in virtue of its contributions to fast learning in novel, sparse-reward environments.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Elements of episodic memory: lessons from 40 years of research’.
Mediterranean octocoral populations exposed to marine heatwaves are less resilient to disturbances
Authors: Capdevila Pol , Zentner Yanis , Rovira Graciel·la , Garrabou Joaquim , Medrano Alba , Linares Cristina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The effects of climate change are now more pervasive than ever. Marine ecosystems have been particularly impacted by climate change, with marine heatwaves (MHWs) being a strong driver of mass mortality events. Even in the most optimistic greenhouse gas emission scenarios, MHWs will continue to increase in frequency, intensity and duration. For this reason, understanding the resilience of marine species to the increase of MHWs is crucial to predicting their viability under future climatic conditions.

In this study, we explored the consequences of MHWs on the resilience (the ability of a population to resist and recover after a disturbance) of a Mediterranean key octocoral species, Paramuricea clavata, to further disturbances to their population structure. To quantify P. clavata's capacity to resist and recover from future disturbances, we used demographic information collected from 1999 to 2022, from two different sites in the NW Mediterranean Sea to calculate the transient dynamics of their populations.

Our results showed that the differences in the dynamics of populations exposed and those not exposed to MHWs were driven mostly by differences in mean survivorship and growth. We also showed that after MHWs P. clavata populations had lower resistance and slower rates of recovery than those not exposed to MHWs. Populations exposed to MHWs had lower resistance elasticity to most demographic processes compared to unexposed populations. In contrast, the only demographic process showing some differences when comparing the speed of recovery elasticity values between populations exposed and unexposed to MHWs was stasis. Finally, under scenarios of increasing frequency of MHWs, the extinction of P. clavata populations will accelerate and their capacity to resist and recover after further disturbances will be hampered.

Overall, these findings confirm that future climatic conditions will make octocoral populations even more vulnerable to further disturbances. These results highlight the importance of limiting local impacts on marine ecosystems to dampen the consequences of climate change.
Using AI to Mitigate the Employee Misclassification Problem
Authors: Davidov Guy 
Published: September 2024

Misclassification of employees as independent contractors is widespread. This article aims to make two contributions. My first goal is to sharpen the explanation of why misclassifications persist; I argue that three well‐known problems – the indeterminacy of employee status tests, the barriers to self‐enforcement, and the inequality of bargaining power – together combine to give employers de facto power to set the default legal status. Putting the burden on the worker to initiate legal proceedings and challenge their classification as an independent contractor is the ultimate reason for persistent misclassifications. The second and main contribution is to propose a solution that relies on new AI capabilities. Thanks to technological advancements it is now possible to require employers to seek pre‐authorisation before engaging with someone as an independent contractor. The authorisation would be granted (or refused) by a state‐run automated system, based on an AI prediction about the law. Both parties would still be able to bring the case before a court of law; but the power to set the default legal status would be taken away from employers. The article considers the difficulties with relying on AI predictions, and argues that those difficulties can be addressed, proposing a model that can be justified.
Turkish validity and reliability of the screening scale for indirect trauma caused by media exposure to social disasters (SITMES)
Authors: Güzel Aysun , İnfal Kesim Selma 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to address the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Screening Scale for Indirect Trauma Caused by Media Exposure to Social Disasters (SITMES). This study was a methodological research. The data was collected between July 17 and September 18, 2023. The sample consisted of individuals aged 18 and older residing in any province across Turkiye. The data of 530 participants were collected through online (Google Forms) and face‐to‐face (for test–retest purposes) methods (405 through Google Forms and 125 face‐to‐face participants in Burdur province). The data were collected using a demographic information form (six questions), the SITMES (24 items), the 6‐item Brief Resilience Scale, and the 22‐item Impact of Event Scale‐Revised. All analyses were performed on the SPSS 25.0 and LISREL programmes. Cronbach's α values were calculated to be .91 for the “psychological, physical, and behavioural responses to social disasters” subscale, 0.89 for the “moral resentment due to social disasters” subscale, 0.86 for the “a sense of threat to life due to social disasters” subscale, and 0.92 for the SITMES total score. The replicated confirmatory factor analysis with the mentioned modifications yielded the following goodness‐of‐fit indices: p < .05, χ2/df = 4.1, RMSEA = 0.07, RMR = 0.08, SRMR = 0.06, NFI = 0.88, NNFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.91, IFI = 0.91, and ECVI = 2.13. The findings revealed that the scale consisting of 24 items within three subscales can validly and reliably utilized in the Turkish context.
Stone products of the Roman municipium of Neviodunum, Pannonia (modern Drnovo, Slovenia)
Authors: Zanier Katharina , Brajkovič Rok , Gale Luka , Novak Matevž 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe paper presents the lithologies used in the stone products of Neviodunum (modern Drnovo in Slovenia), a Roman municipium in south‐western Pannonia. For this purpose, 95 stone monuments were assessed. Petrographic and biostratigraphic analyses were carried out on 56 archaeological and 57 geological samples. Our research shows that, besides some rare exceptions, most stone products refer to three lithostratigraphic units: the Middle Miocene ‘Lithothamnium’ Limestone Member of the Laško Formation, the Upper Cretaceous Krško Formation and the Early Jurassic Krka Limestone Member of the Podbukovje Formation.
An initial report of robotic‐assisted anatomical liver resection with indocyanine green fluorescence navigation using the ultrasound‐guided preoperative positive staining technique
Authors: Kusano Tomokazu , Aoki Takeshi , Saito Kazuhiko , Tashiro Yoshihiko , Matsuda Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionRobotic‐assisted surgery has become increasingly popular because of its potential benefits. Anatomical liver resection (ALR) is a valuable strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management. ALR with indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence navigation was reported as an effective solution for segment identification. We reported a simple and convenient “preoperative positive staining technique” for laparoscopic ALR to overcome some limitations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of robotic‐assisted surgery in which ALR was performed using this technique.Materials and Surgical TechniqueA 69‐year‐old man presented with a 12‐mm HCC in segment 8. Preoperative three‐dimensional simulation images showed that the fourth‐order branch of the portal vein was a tumor‐bearing portal pedicle. After anesthesia induction, 1 mL of 0.025 mg/mL ICG was injected percutaneously into this branch under B‐mode ultrasound guidance before pneumoperitoneum. A robotic laparoscope was inserted. The preoperative positive staining area was clearly stained on the liver surface with the Firefly mode on the da Vinci Xi system. Based on the demarcation line, the liver parenchymal resection was started. The ICG fluorescence staining area was checked frequently on the resected side of the liver transection plane. Subsequently, the fourth‐order portal branch was identified with the ICG fluorescence technique and ligated. Finally, the specimen was resected. The operation took 352 min, with 10 mL of blood loss, and was completed without any operative problems.DiscussionAlthough many cases are required, the proposed preoperative positive staining technique appears useful for accurate and precise surgery given the increasing application of robotic‐assisted hepatectomy.
Durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy for locoregional recurrence of completely resected non–small‐cell lung cancer (NEJ056)
Authors: Furuta Megumi , Horinouchi Hidehito , Yokota Isao , Yamaguchi Teppei , Itoh Shoichi , Fukui Takafumi , Iwashima Akira , Sugisaka Jun , Miura Yu , Tanaka Hisashi , Miyawaki Taichi , Yokouchi Hiroshi , Miura Keita , Saito Ryota , Saito Go , Kamoshida Tatsuhiko , Uchinami Yusuke , Kato Tatsuya , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Asahina Hajime 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLocoregional recurrence of non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after complete resection lacks standard treatment. Durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or CRT alone is often selected in daily clinical practice for patients with locoregional recurrence; however, the therapeutic efficacy of these treatments remains unclear, and we aimed to assess this. This retrospective observational study used data from patients with NSCLC diagnosed with locoregional recurrence after complete resection who subsequently underwent concurrent CRT followed by durvalumab (CRT‐D group) or CRT alone (CRT group). We employed propensity score analysis with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for various confounders and evaluate efficacy in the CRT‐D group. After IPTW adjustment, the CRT‐D group contained 119 patients (64.7% male; 69.7% adenocarcinoma), and the CRT group contained 111 patients (60.5% male; 73.4% adenocarcinoma). Their mean ages were 66 and 65 years, respectively. The IPTW‐adjusted median progression‐free survival was 25.4 and 11.5 months for the CRT‐D and CRT groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.64); the median overall survival was not reached in either group favoring CRT‐D (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.99). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in 48.8% of patients during CRT, 10.7% after initiating durvalumab maintenance therapy in the CRT‐D group, and 57.3% in the CRT group. Overall, the sequential approach of CRT followed by durvalumab is a promising treatment strategy for locoregional recurrence of NSCLC after complete resection.
Psoriasiform drug eruption: A case series with a review of the literature
Authors: Mori Miho , Kawakami Hiroshi , Tobita Rie , Arai Takashi , Satsuma Atsuko , Tsuboi Ryoji , Okubo Yukari 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present case series examined five instances of psoriasiform drug eruption diagnosed between 2014 and 2022 at the study site and 23 cases of drug eruption manifesting psoriasiform lesions which had been reported between 1986 and 2022. The causative drug, distribution of the skin eruptions, clinical latency to eruption, treatment course, and histopathological findings were investigated. The most common causative agents were calcium channel blockers (CCB) (64.5%). Of the 28 cases of psoriasiform drug eruption for which details of the eruption sites were reported, 46.4% occurred on the face, which was slightly higher than the usual distribution of psoriasis. CCB were responsible for 80.0% of the cases of facial skin rash. The mean time from the administration of the suspected drug to eruption onset was 25.0 months (range: 0.5–120 months; median: 13.0 months). In all the cases, the skin rash improved after the causative drug was discontinued. CCB were the most common causative agent, and the eruptions more commonly occurred on the face than in normal psoriasis, suggesting that it is especially important to confirm whether there is a history of CCB administration in psoriasis patients with extensive, facial skin eruptions.
Possibility of maintaining remission with topical therapy alone after withdrawal of dupilumab in Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis and their characteristics in the real world
Authors: Watanabe Ayu , Kamata Masahiro , Okada Yoshiki , Suzuki Shoya , Ito Makoto , Uchida Hideaki , Chijiwa Chika , Egawa Shota , Hiura Azusa , Fukaya Saki , Hayashi Kotaro , Fukuyasu Atsuko , Tanaka Takamitsu , Ishikawa Takeko , Tada Yayoi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPsossibility and appropriate timing of discontinuation of dupilumab for atopic dermatitis (AD) remain unclear. We explored the possibility of patients, who could maintain remission with topical therapy alone after withdrawing dupilumab in the real world. Furthermore, we identified their characteristics. All adult AD patients who initiated dupilumab from June 2018 to July 2022 and were treated with dupilumab for more than 3 months at our hospital were included in this study. The observation period was from June 2018 to July 2023. In 138 patients, 58 (42.0%) discontinued dupilumab at least once. Among them, 18 (13.0%) discontinued dupilumab but reinitiated dupilumab later due to exacerbation. Only seven patients (5.1%) could maintain remission with topical therapy alone after discontinuation of dupilumab, with characteristics of lower POEM, VAS of pruritus, serum levels of TARC and LDH, and neutrophil counts at baseline, and those of longer duration of dupilumab until its discontinuation (24.0 ± 13.3 vs. 12.8 ± 7.3 months) and lower EASI and affected BSA at the discontinuation of dupilumab. In 118 patients treated with dupilumab for at least 1 year, 38 patients (32.2%) discontinued at least once. Only four patients (3.4%) could maintain remission with topical therapy alone after discontinuation of dupilumab, with characteristics of lower POEM at baseline and lower EASI at the discontinuation of dupilumab. In conclusion, maintaining remission after withdrawing dupilumab is challenging. Discontinuation of dupilumab may be considered in patients with low baseline POEM, after more than 2 years of dupilumab treatment, with a substantial decrease in EASI.
The relationship between testicular cancer and beliefs about testicular self‐examination and health literacy
Authors: Çapuk Hüseyin , Fidan Hurşit , Akcan Kübra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTesticular cancer is one of the most common urogenital cancers in men. Early detection of this type of cancer through screening and self‐examination increases the chances of survival and reduces healthcare expenses. Nurses, physicians and patients have critical responsibilities in preventing testicular cancer. The results of this research will make a significant contribution to the development of preventive services by determining the health beliefs and general knowledge level of patients about testicular cancer and testicular self‐examination (TSE). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between health beliefs and health literacy regarding testicular cancer and TSE of men who applied to the urology clinic. This descriptive study was conducted with male patients who applied to the urology outpatient clinic of a public hospital between March and June 2023. 337 volunteers participated in the study. Ethics committee and institutional permissions were obtained before starting the study. Data were collected using the socio‐demographic information form, ‘Champion Health Belief Model Scale’ and ‘Health Literacy Scale’ prepared by the researchers. In evaluating the data, frequency, percentage, average, Student's t‐test, one‐way ANOVA (post hoc Lsd) was used. Significance was evaluated at p < 0.05 level. It was determined that 94.7% of the participants did not know a method to detect testicular cancer by themselves, 84.0% of them had not heard of TSE, and 78% of them did not perform TSE because they did not know TSE. According to the findings of the study, Champion Health Belief Model Scale subscale mean scores were 12.91 ± 4.89 for sensitivity perception, 20.51 ± 6.75 for caring/seriousness perception, 9.20 ± 3.03 for benefit perception, 13.61 ± 4.77 for obstacle perception, and 17.34 ± 5.51 for self‐efficacy perception. Health literacy scale sub‐dimension mean scores were 17.13 ± 6.00 for access to information, 20.81 ± 7.04 for understanding information, 28.04 ± 8.59 for appraisal/evaluation, 17.55 ± 5.80 for application/usage, and 87.16 ± 26.39 for total mean scores. In the study, it was determined that susceptibility and benefits of TSE perception increased, and barrier perception decreased as health literacy increased. Accordingly, since it is observed that increasing health literacy will increase the frequency of performing TSE, it should be supported by health literacy‐enhancing training sessions.
Former Primary Caregivers of Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme Evaluate the PATH (Preparedness Assessment for the Transition Home) Instrument
Authors: James Elizabeth A. , Wallace Marlee S. , Chard Megan P. , Camicia Michelle E. , Lutz Barbara J. , Minns Laurie A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate whether Preparedness Assessment for the Transition Home (PATH), a validated instrument assessing gaps in caregiver commitment and capacity to care for a patient with a disabling condition, would be helpful to identify gaps in preparing primary caregivers of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).DesignA descriptive survey design with quantitative and qualitative data.MethodsFormer primary caregivers of patients with GBM were invited to complete a 17‐question online survey during February and March 2023. Former caregivers, each having completed their caregiver journeys, are able to offer a unique perspective across the illness trajectory. Participants reviewed a copy of the PATH instrument and (a) responded to questions rating PATH helpfulness at each stage of the illness trajectory and (b) provided open‐ended feedback on the instrument.ResultsOne hundred seventeen of the 124 participants reported the PATH instrument would be helpful across all stages of the illness trajectory. While there were no statistically significant differences across the illness phases, response trends indicated using the PATH instrument earlier in the illness trajectory would have been more helpful to them as caregivers. Qualitative thematic analysis feedback indicated the most significant gap caregivers faced was education on the effects of the illness and treatment.ConclusionIt is vitally important to prepare and support caregivers. A validated instrument can identify unmet needs and inform care decisions.Implications for the ProfessionPatient discharge plans should be guided by the needs and preferences of patients and caregivers. Identifying gaps in education and preparedness early in the illness trajectory may inform the care team of unmet needs, allowing them to tailor resources and support to improve outcomes for patients with GBM and their caregivers.ImpactPatient discharge plans should be guided by the needs and preferences of patients and caregivers. Identifying gaps in education and preparedness early in the illness trajectory may inform the care team of unmet needs, allowing them to tailor resources and support to improve outcomes for patients with GBM and their caregivers. PATH has the potential to inform healthcare professionals to develop customised care plans including education, resources and support for caregivers and patients with life‐threatening illness.Reporting MethodStudy adheres to the STROBE reporting method.Patient or Public ContributionPrior to deploying the survey to study participants, in addition to testing by study collaborators (authors), the survey was tested and feedback was received from graduate students and from administrators of the private Facebook group where the survey was promoted to study participants.