bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat girdling does not affect xylem integrity: an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging study in the tomato peduncle
Authors: Van de Wal Bart A. E. , Windt Carel W. , Leroux Olivier , Steppe Kathy 
Published: May 2017

Summary

Heat girdling is a method to estimate the relative contribution of phloem vs xylem water flow to fruit growth. The heat girdling process is assumed to destroy all living tissues, including the phloem, without affecting xylem conductivity. However, to date, the assumption that xylem is not affected by heat girdling remains unproven.

In this study, we used in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) velocimetry to test if heat girdling can cause xylem vessels to embolize or affect xylem water flow characteristics in the peduncle of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv Dirk).

Anatomical and MRI data indicated that, at the site of girdling, all living tissues were disrupted, but that the functionality of the xylem remained unchanged. MRI velocimetry showed that the volume flow through the secondary xylem was not impeded by heat girdling in either the short or the long term (up to 91 h after girdling).

This study provides support for the hypothesis that in the tomato peduncle the integrity and functionality of the xylem remain unaffected by heat girdling. It therefore confirms the validity of the heat girdling technique as a means to estimate relative contributions of xylem and phloem water flow to fruit growth.
The in vivo T helper type 17 and regulatory T cell immune responses to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Mahabady S. , Tjokro N. , Aharonian S. , Zadeh H.H. , Chen C. , Allayee H. , Sedghizadeh P.P. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is known to elicit a systemic immune response in the infected host, and occasionally causes non‐oral infections. Detailed information on its immunopathological responses and the involvement of bacterial virulence factors remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the systemic immune response to A. actinomycetemcomitans oral infection. We used an animal model that simulates systemic dissemination of the bacteria by injecting live wild‐type (WT) D7S‐1 and a double knockout mutant of leukotoxin and cytolethal distending toxin (ΔltxΔcdt) A. actinomycetemcomitans strains in rat oral mucosa. Draining lymph nodes were examined for regulatory T (Treg) and T helper type 17 (Th17) cell subsets and their associated mediators. An increase in the proportion of Th17 cells and a decrease in Treg cells over the experimental period of 3 weeks were similarly observed for rats challenged with WT and ΔltxΔcdt. Significant upregulation and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the Th17 gene pathway was noted, as well as several qualitative differences between WT and ΔltxΔcdt. Furthermore, we observed differential fold regulation in key genes associated with a proinflammatory response in ΔltxΔcdt‐inoculated rats relative to D7S‐1 group. This suggests that although the knockout of these two virulence factors (ΔltxΔcdt) may suppress certain proinflammatory genes, it causes similar over‐expression of other genes compared with D7S‐1, indicating a common factor that still remains in the pathogenicity of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Combination of a subcutaneous ICD in a patient with a baroreceptor activation device: Feasibility, safety, and precautions: A Case Report
Authors: Kuffer Liz , Steven Daniel , Halbach Marcel , Lüker Jakob , van den Bruck Jan‐Hendrik , Sultan Arian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present a case of a patient with a baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) receiving a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD). We anticipated two possible hazardous interactions between the two devices. Stimulation by the BAT could be adjudicated as noise and result in underdetection of ventricular arrhythmias or it might be misinterpreted as ventricular arrhythmias and lead to inappropriate shocks. Postop ensing occurred, the upper limit of pulse width of the BAT was limited because of noise detection by the S‐ICD, but the upper limit of amplitude was limited by patient's discomfort. In this patient, the combination of a BAT and an S‐ICD was safe.
I Do Not Like Green Eggs
Authors: Burke William A. , Phillips Charles M. , Hurd Erin M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractShells of pinworm ova contain chitin, which stains bright green when exposed to chlorazol black E. The objective was to determine whether chlorazol black E could assist in identification of pinworm ova from skin scrapings. Skin scrapings were stained using chlorazol black E and pinworm ova were more easily recognized, staining a blue‐green color.
Congenital Atrophic Plaque: Fibroblastic Connective Tissue Nevus
Authors: Allemant Ortiz Luis Jesús , Calderón‐Castrat Ximena , Orellana Cortez Alex , Ingar Carbone Beatriz , Santos‐Briz Angel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN) is a rare, benign, dermal mesenchymal hamartoma that affects children. We report a 15‐year‐old boy with a congenital FCTN and describe the clinical, dermatoscopic, and histopathologic features.
Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with Disabling Pansclerotic Morphea of Childhood
Authors: Ruiz‐Matta Juan M. , Flores‐Bozo Luis R. , Dominguez‐Cherit Judith 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDisabling pansclerotic morphea of childhood (DPMC) is a rare disorder that confers a risk of developing ulcer‐related squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We describe a young man with long‐standing DPMC and SCC with lung metastasis.
Clinical, Microscopic and Ultrastructural Findings in a Case of Short Anagen Syndrome
Authors: Martin Jose M. , Montesinos Encarnacion , Sanchez Sara , Torres Catalina , Ramon Dolores 
Published: May 2017

AbstractShort anagen syndrome is an uncommon and recently described disease characterized by many telogen hairs and short maximum hair length. We report here the case of a 3‐year‐old girl whose short, sparse, fine hair since birth was consistent with short anagen syndrome. X‐ray microanalysis demonstrated normal composition of the main bioelements of her hairs.
“Love of wealth” and economic growth
Authors: Rehme Günther 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn a Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans growth framework it is shown that for an optimum a benevolent social planner cannot have an excessive “love of wealth”. With a “right” “love of wealth” an optimum exists and implies higher long‐run per‐capita capital, income, and consumption relative to the standard model. This has important implications for comparative development trajectories. The optimum implies dynamic efficiency with the possibility of getting arbitrarily close to the golden rule where long‐run per‐capita consumption is maximal. It is shown that the optimal path attains its steady state more slowly. Thus, the beneficial effects of love of wealth materialize later than in the standard model. Furthermore, the economy can be decentralized as a competitive private ownership economy. One can then identify “love of wealth” with the “spirit of capitalism.” The paper thus implies that one needs a “right” level of the “spirit of capitalism” to realize any beneficial effects for the long run.
Dependency traps in self‐targeting food aid programs
Authors: Hurtubia Torres Jaime , Neitzel Jutta 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present an economy of farmers where food aid is warranted due to poverty traps triggered by nonconvex production sets. We model a food‐aid intervention as a dynamic game between a food‐aid manager and the farmers in a context of asymmetrical information. The food‐aid manager is motivated by a relief objective and targets farmers suffering the poverty trap. The food‐aid manager uses a self‐targeting mechanism by providing the aid through a food wage in exchange for participation in the intervention's activities. Guided by the relief objective and targeting constraint, he fixes the food wage equal to the reservation wage of the farmers not suffering the poverty trap. Dependency traps will then happen every time there is a considerable technological and nutritional gap between farmers who are in and out of the poverty trap. When there is a gap, poor farmers earn more working for the reservation wage of the well‐off farmers than by working in their own farm. Dependency can be overcome only if the food‐aid program allows farmers to upgrade their productive technologies and catch up with those farmers who are out of the poverty trap.
A conduct parameter model of price discrimination
Authors: Kutlu Levent 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe consider a conduct parameter model where firms price discriminate based on the consumers’ willingness to pay. For any conduct, the average price is invariant to the extent of price discrimination. Moreover, when the number of prices goes to infinity, there is a linear relationship between market power, measured by conduct, and range of offered prices. Hence, when the firms face competition, some of the high valuation customers are charged below their valuations, which contrasts with perfect price discrimination results for a monopoly.
Efficacy and safety of non‐invasive body tightening with high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)
Authors: Ko E. J. , Hong J. Y. , Kwon T.‐R. , Choi E. J. , Jang Y.‐J. , Choi S. Y. , Yoo K. H. , Kim S. Y. , Kim B. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive skin‐tightening devices have become increasingly popular in response to increasing demand for improvements in skin laxity and tightening with minimal risk and recovery time.ObjectiveWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of HIFU for skin tightening in the face and body.MethodsA total of 32 Korean subjects enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. The subjects were treated with HIFU to both cheeks, lower abdomen, and thigh. Skin elasticity was measured before and after treatment using a Cutometer (CT575, Courage and Khazaka®, Cologne, Germany). Three blinded, experienced dermatologists evaluated paired pre‐ and post‐treatment (week 4 and 12) photographs according to the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Participants also completed self‐assessments using GAIS. Subjects rated their pain on a numeric rating scale (NRS) immediately, 7 days, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment.ResultsSkin elasticity measured via a Cutometer was significantly improved 12 weeks after treatment at all treated sites (P<.05). Both IGAIS and SGAIS showed significant improvements 12 weeks after treatment. Immediately after treatment the mean NRS score was 3.00±1.586, but no pain was reported at 4 and 12 weeks post‐treatment. No serious adverse effects were observed during the follow‐up period.ConclusionHIFU safely and effectively improves skin elasticity and clinical contouring of the face and body.
Achieving Efficiency Without Losing Accuracy: Strategies for Scale Reduction with an Application to Risk Attitudes and Racial Resentment*
Authors: Loose Krista , Hou Yue , Berinsky Adam J. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesResearchers often employ lengthy survey instruments to tap underlying phenomena of interest. However, concerns about the cost of fielding longer surveys and respondent fatigue can lead scholars to look for abbreviated, yet accurate, variations of longer, validated scales. In this article, we provide a template to aid in scale reduction.MethodsThe template we develop walks researchers through a procedure for using existing data to consider all possible subscales along several reliability and validity criteria. We apply our method to two commonly used scales: the seven‐item Risk Attitudes Scale and the six‐item Racial Resentment Scale.ResultsAfter applying the template, we find a four‐item Risk Attitudes Scale that maintains nearly identical reliability and validity as the full scale and a three‐item Racial Resentment Subscale that outperforms the two‐item Subscale currently used in a major congressional survey.ConclusionsOur general template should be of use to a broad range of scholars seeking to achieve efficiency without losing accuracy when reducing lengthy scales. The code to implement our procedures is available as an R package, ScaleReduce.
β1‐Adrenoceptor, but not β2‐adrenoceptor, subtype regulates heart rate in type 2 diabetic rats in vivo
Authors: Cook Rosalind F. , Bussey Carol T. , Mellor Kimberley M. , Cragg Patricia A. , Lamberts Regis R. 
Published: May 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
The sympathetic system regulates heart rate via β‐adrenoceptors; this is impaired during diabetes. However, the specific β‐adrenoceptor subtype contributions in heart rate regulation in diabetes in vivo are unknown.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Telemetric recordings in conscious non‐diabetic and type 2 diabetic rats demonstrated that the β1‐adrenoceptor subtype, and not the β2‐adrenoceptor, regulated the lower resting heart rate and increased β‐adrenoceptor responsiveness in diabetes in vivo. This provides new physiological insight into the dysregulation of heart rate in type 2 diabetes, which is important for improving therapeutic strategies targeting the diabetic chronotropic incompetence.

β‐Adrenoceptor blockers are widely used to reduce heart rate, the strongest predictor of mortality in cardiac patients, but are less effective in diabetic patients. This study aimed to determine the specific contributions of β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptor subtypes to chronotropic responses in type 2 diabetes in vivo, which are currently unknown. Type 2 diabetic and non‐diabetic rats were implanted with radiotelemeters to measure arterial blood pressure and derive heart rate in conscious conditions. Vascular access ports were implanted to inject isoprenaline (β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptor agonist, 0.1–300 μg kg−1) in the presence of atenolol (β1‐adrenoceptor antagonist, 2000 μg kg−1) or nadolol (β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptor agonist, 4000 μg kg−1) to determine the chronotropic contributions of the β‐adrenoceptor subtypes. Resting heart rate was reduced in diabetic rats (388 ± 62 versus 290 ± 37 beats min−1 non‐diabetic versus diabetic, P < 0.05, mean ± SD), which remained after atenolol or nadolol administration. Overall β‐adrenoceptor chronotropic responsiveness was increased in diabetic rats (change in heart rate at highest dose of isoprenaline: 135 ± 66 versus 205 ± 28 beats min−1, non‐diabetic versus diabetic, P < 0.05), a difference that diminished after β1‐adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol (change in heart rate at highest dose of isoprenaline: 205 ± 37 versus 195 ± 22 beats min−1, non‐diabetic versus diabetic, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the β1‐adrenoceptor is the main subtype to modulate chronotropic β‐adrenoceptor responses in healthy and diabetic rats. This study provides new insights into the pathological basis of dysregulation of heart rate in type 2 diabetes, which could be important for improving the current therapeutic strategies targeting diabetic chronotropic incompetence.
Numerical Approximation of Elasticity Tensor Associated With Green-Naghdi Rate
Authors: Liu Haofei , Sun Wei 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Objective stress rates are often used in commercial finite element (FE) programs. However, deriving a consistent tangent modulus tensor (also known as elasticity tensor or material Jacobian) associated with the objective stress rates is challenging when complex material models are utilized. In this paper, an approximation method for the tangent modulus tensor associated with the Green-Naghdi rate of the Kirchhoff stress is employed to simplify the evaluation process. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through the implementation of two user-defined fiber-reinforced hyperelastic material models. Comparisons between the approximation method and the closed-form analytical method demonstrate that the former can simplify the material Jacobian evaluation with satisfactory accuracy while retaining its computational efficiency. Moreover, since the approximation method is independent of material models, it can facilitate the implementation of complex material models in FE analysis using shell/membrane elements in abaqus.
Evolution of Bacterial “Frenemies”
Authors: Darch Sophie E. , Ibberson Carolyn B. , Whiteley Marvin 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Chronic polymicrobial infections are associated with increased virulence compared to monospecies infections. However, our understanding of microbial dynamics during polymicrobial infection is limited. A recent study by Limoli and colleagues (D. H. Limoli, G. B. Whitfield, T. Kitao, M. L. Ivey, M. R. Davis, Jr., et al., mBio 8:e00186-17, 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00186-17
) provides insight into a mechanism that may contribute to the coexistence of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Staphylococcus aureus
in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. CF lung infections have frequently been used to investigate microbial interactions due to both the complex polymicrobial community and chronic nature of these infections. The hypothesis of Limoli et al. is that the conversion of
P. aeruginosa
to its mucoidy phenotype during chronic CF infection promotes coexistence by diminishing its ability to kill
S. aureus
. Highlighting a new facet of microbial interaction between two species that are traditionally thought of as competitors, this study provides a platform for studying community assembly in a relevant infection setting.
Sialolipoma of the parotid salivary gland in two dogs
Authors: Rodiño Tilve Verónica , Finck Marlene , Leach Joshua DG , Macfarlane Michael J 
Published: May 2017

An eight‐year‐old male neutered boxer and a 10‐year‐old female neutered lurcher were presented with palpable masses in the region of the right parotid salivary gland. In both cases, fine needle aspirates yielded adipose cells, normal salivary epithelium and some blood contamination. CT images showed a mixed fat attenuating mass in the region of the right parotid salivary gland, without a normal ipsilateral parotid salivary gland. Surgical excision was performed in both cases and histopathology was consistent with sialolipoma. Neither mass has recurred 7 and 16 months after surgery. Sialolipoma should therefore be considered as a differential in dogs with a mass in this location. Fine needle aspirates showing salivary epithelium and adipose cells should not be dismissed as non‐diagnostic. To the authors’ knowledge, these are the two first reported cases of sialolipomas of the parotid salivary gland in dogs and the first description of cross‐sectional imaging of sialolipomas.
Lightweight ceramsites prepared by the solid waste of semiconductor and textile dyeing industry
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Sun Youbao , Sun Qingbo , Xiao Xuejun 
Published: May 2017

High-efficient recycling of solid waste from the semiconductor or textile dyeing industry has been a challenge since these industrial waste not only brings a heavy burden to enterprises but also seriously affects our ecological environment. Here, a feasible method is proposed to recycle this solid waste by transferring it into high value-added ceramsites. They were prepared by using the third grade sand of cutting silicon (TGSCS) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) as raw materials and composed mainly of SiO2–Al2O3. Through systematic analysis of the experimental results, it was concluded that the optimized ratios of the TGSCS and the TDS should range from 1:1.5 to 1:3, while the sintering temperature should be around 1150[Formula: see text]C. These lightweight ceramsites can have excellent properties of the cylinder compressive strength of 4.65 MPa and bulk density of 477 kg/m3. The potential expansion mechanism was thought to be related to both TGSCS and TDS as they reacted with Fe2O3 impurity to form CO2/CO gases. This work is to prepare lightweight ceramsites and to recycle solid waste.
Shaping the Tumor Stroma and Sparking Immune Activation by CD40 and 4-1BB Signaling Induced by an Armed Oncolytic Virus
Authors: Eriksson Emma , Milenova Ioanna , Wenthe Jessica , Ståhle Magnus , Leja-Jarblad Justyna , Ullenhag Gustav , Dimberg Anna , Moreno Raphael , Alemany Ramon , Loskog Angelica 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is a severe indication with short expected survival despite surgery and/or combination chemotherapeutics. Checkpoint blockade antibodies are approved for several cancer indications, but pancreatic cancer has remained refractory. However, there are clinical data suggesting that stimulation of the CD40 pathway may be of interest for these patients. Oncolytic viruses armed with immunostimulatory genes represent an interesting approach. Herein, we present LOAd703, a designed adenovirus armed with trimerized CD40L and 4-1BBL that activates the CD40 and 4-1BB pathways, respectively. As many cells in the tumor stroma, including stellate cells and the infiltrating immune cells, express CD40 and some 4-1BB, we hypothesize that LOAd703 activates immunity and simultaneously modulates the biology of the tumor stroma.
Experimental Design: Tumor, stellate, endothelial, and immune cells were infected by LOAd703 and investigated by flow cytometry, proteomics, and functional analyses.
Results: LOAd703-infected pancreatic cell lines were killed by oncolysis, and the virus was more effective than standard-of-care gemcitabine. In in vivo xenograft models, LOAd703 efficiently reduced established tumors and could be combined with gemcitabine for additional effect. Infected stellate and tumor cells reduced factors that promote tumor growth (Spp-1, Gal-3, HGF, TGFβ and collagen type I), while chemokines were increased. Molecules involved in lymphocyte migration were upregulated on infected endothelial cells. Dendritic cells were robustly stimulated by LOAd703 to produce costimulators, cytokines and chemokines, and such DCs potently expanded both antigen-specific T cells and NK cells.
Conclusions: LOAd703 is a potent immune activator that modulates the stroma to support antitumor responses. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5846–57. ©2017 AACR.
Differential integrin activity mediated by platelet collagen receptor engagement under flow conditions
Authors: Pugh Nicholas , Maddox Ben , Bihan Dominique , Taylor Kirk , Mahaut-Smith Martyn , Farndale Richard 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe platelet receptors glycoprotein (Gp)VI, integrin α2β1 and GpIb/V/IX mediate platelet adhesion and activation during thrombogenesis. Increases of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) are key signals during platelet activation; however, their relative importance in coupling different collagen receptors to functional responses under shear conditions remains unclear. To study shear-dependent, receptor-specific platelet responses, we used collagen or combinations of receptor-specific collagen-mimetic peptides as substrates for platelet adhesion and activation in whole human blood under arterial flow conditions and compared real-time and endpoint parameters of thrombus formation alongside [Ca2+]i measurements using confocal imaging. All three collagen receptors coupled to [Ca2+]i signals, but these varied in amplitude and temporal pattern alongside variable integrin activation. GpVI engagement produced large, sustained [Ca2+]i signals leading to realtime increases in integrins α2β1− and αIIbβ3-mediated platelet adhesion. αIIbβ3-dependent platelet aggregation was dependent on P2Y12 signalling. Co-engagement of α2β1 and GpIb/V/IX generated transient [Ca2+]i spikes and low amplitude [Ca2+]i responses that potentiated GpVI-dependent [Ca2+]i signalling. Therefore α2β1 GpIb/V/IX and GpVI synergise to generate [Ca2+]i signals that regulate platelet behaviour and thrombus formation. Antagonism of secondary signalling pathways reveals distinct, separate roles for αIIbβ3 in stable platelet adhesion and aggregation.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.