bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating Transcription Factor 3 Expression as a Marker of Response to the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Pracinostat
Authors: Sooraj Dhanya , Xu Dakang , Cain Jason E. , Gold Daniel P. , Williams Bryan R.G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Improved treatment strategies are required for bladder cancer due to frequent recurrence of low-grade tumors and poor survival rate from high-grade tumors with current therapies. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), approved as single agents for specific lymphomas, have shown promising preclinical results in solid tumors but could benefit from identification of biomarkers for response. Loss of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression is a feature of bladder tumor progression and correlates with poor survival. We investigated the utility of measuring ATF3 expression as a marker of response to the HDACi pracinostat in bladder cancer models. Pracinostat treatment of bladder cancer cell lines reactivated the expression of ATF3, correlating with significant alteration in proliferative, migratory, and anchorage-dependent growth capacities. Pracinostat also induced growth arrest at the G0–G1 cell-cycle phase, coincident with the activation of tumor suppressor genes. In mouse xenograft bladder cancer models, pracinostat treatment significantly reduced tumor volumes compared with controls, accompanied by reexpression of ATF3 in nonproliferating cells from early to late stage of therapy and in parallel induced antiangiogenesis and apoptosis. Importantly, cells in which ATF3 expression was depleted were less sensitive to pracinostat treatment in vitro, exhibiting significantly higher proliferative and migratory properties. In vivo, control xenograft tumors were significantly more responsive to treatment than ATF3 knockdown xenografts. Thus, reactivation of ATF3 is an important factor in determining sensitivity to pracinostat treatment, both in vitro and in vivo, and could serve as a potential biomarker of response and provide a rationale for therapeutic utility in HDACi-mediated treatments for bladder cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1726–39. ©2016 AACR.
Development of 23 microsatellite loci for Boulenger’s agama (Agama boulengeri) with partial cross-amplification in other Agama species
Authors: Gonçalves Duarte Vasconcelos , Pereira Paulo , Godinho Raquel , Lopes Susana , Velo-Antón Guillermo , Brito José Carlos 
Published: April 2016

Patterns of biodiversity and evolutionary processes controlling them are still poorly studied in desert biomes. Fine-scale markers could help answer some of the pressing research questions for desert biomes and Sahara in particular. Such markers are available for some large mammals and crocodiles, but not for small vertebrates. Here we present a battery of microsatellite loci developed for Agama boulengeri, a promising model to study evolutionary and demographic processes in the Sahara-Sahel. Loci were selected by sequencing enriched DNA libraries with 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 23 polymorphic loci were successfully amplified in four multiplex reactions. Cross-amplification of the microsatellite loci in A. agama and A. boueti was partially successful. These markers are a promising tool for assessing genetic diversity, gene-flow dynamics and demographic patterns in this group. Given the genus Agama is distributed throughout Africa, results presented here might also facilitate studies in other regions.
eu Policy and Law Regarding Railways and the Environment
Authors: Krämer Ludwig 
Published: April 2016

For decades, railway issues were considered, in Europe, as being almost entirely in the responsibility of the Member States. This history is even reflected in the present eu approach on railway issues which has, as one of its political priorities, the objective to ensure the interoperability of national legal and technical standards all over the eu. The development of trans-European transport networks, the upcoming of high-speed transboundary trains and the internationalisation of railway freight transport which are of relative recent date, all contribute to the greater awareness of railway impacts on the environment. Policies can no longer promote railways with the argument that rail is the most environment-friendly means of transport, but are more and more obliged to take into consideration, during the planning and operation of railways, local, provincial and regional environmental concerns.
The contribution passes in review the most relevant environmental concerns with regard to railways. After a short description of the regulatory frame, the different environmental aspects of railways – land use, nature conservation, noise, water, air pollution, and waste management – are discussed. Some concluding remarks follow.
Comparison of Amphotericin B Bladder Irrigations Versus Fluconazole for the Treatment of Candiduria in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Sullivan Kelly A. , Caylor Meghan M. , Lin Feng-Chang , Campbell-Bright Stacy 
Published: April 2016

Background: Funguria occurs often in hospitalized patients and is most commonly caused by Candida species. Fluconazole is the agent of choice for most Candida urinary tract infections. Amphotericin B bladder irrigations (ABBI) are an alternative treatment option. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of ABBI compared to fluconazole for the treatment of candiduria in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to ICUs at our institution with a positive urine culture for Candida species between 2005 and 2012. All patients receiving ABBI were included; patients receiving fluconazole for treatment of candiduria were matched by year. The primary endpoint was achievement of cure. Results: There was no difference in cure between the ABBI and fluconazole groups (59.6% vs. 52.8%, p = 0.55). Clearance was higher in patients receiving ABBI (92.3% vs. 67.9%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression found that renal dysfunction predicted greater cure with ABBI therapy compared to fluconazole (OR 7.63, 95% CI 1.81-32.1). Conclusion: ABBI was equally efficacious in achieving overall cure, and resulted in greater clearance of candiduria compared to fluconazole. ABBI may be considered an alternative to fluconazole for the treatment of candiduria and may be preferred over fluconazole in patients with renal dysfunction.
Shared Leadership and Team Performance
Authors: Barnett Robert C. , Weidenfeller Nancy K. 
Published: April 2016

The Problem Shared leadership in teams has been the topic of substantial research in the last several years fueled, at least in part, by Pearce and Conger’s helpful volume. The published literature is fragmented, complex, and difficult to navigate, making it challenging to quickly or easily gain a clear understanding of the progress that has been made and the findings that are relevant to shared leadership in teams. The Solution This article describes and discusses recently published empirical evidence in an effort to summarize what is known about shared leadership in teams. Questions of shared leadership’s effectiveness, what is shared, with whom, and how leadership is shared are addressed. The article concludes with a summary of what we now know about shared leadership and recommendations for Human Resource Development (HRD) professionals who are involved with or responsible for developing shared leadership in teams. The Stakeholders This article is relevant to the interests of team leaders and members, organization managers, HRD professionals, and others who may be involved in promoting shared leadership and team effectiveness in their organizations.
LPS stimulates IgM production in vivo without help from non-B cells
Authors: Lu Mingfang , Munford Robert 
Published: April 2016

Gram-negative bacterial LPS induce murine B-cell activation and innate (polyclonal) Ab production. Mouse B cells express the LPS signaling receptor (TLR4), yet how LPS activates B-cell responses in vivo is not known. Can LPS directly stimulate B cells to induce innate Ab production? Is activation of non-B cells also required? To address these questions, we transfused LPS-responsive ( Tlr4+/+) or non-responsive ( Tlr4−/−) B cells into LPS-responsive or non-responsive mice. Increased expression of the early activation markers CD69 and CD86 could be induced on transfused Tlr4−/− B cells by injecting LPS subcutaneously into Tlr4+/+ mice, demonstrating indirect activation of B cells by TLR4-responsive non-B cells in vivo, but the Tlr4−/− B cells did not increase serum IgM levels. In contrast, when Tlr4−/− recipients were transfused with Tlr4+/+ B cells, LPS induced large amounts of serum IgM and LPS could also enhance specific Ab production to a protein that was co-injected with it (adjuvant response). Thus, LPS-exposed non-B cells mediated increased surface expression of early B-cell activation markers, but this response did not predict innate Ab responses or LPS adjuvanticity in vivo. Direct stimulation of B cells by LPS via TLR4 was necessary and sufficient to induce B cells to produce Ab in vivo.
Compliance With Injury Prevention Measures in Youth Pitchers
Authors: Pamias-Velázquez Kristian J. , Figueroa-Negrón Mariam M. , Tirado-Crespo Janiliz , Mulero-Portela Ana L. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Because of the problem of elbow and shoulder injuries in baseball pitchers between 9 and 14 years of age, the USA Baseball Medical & Safety Advisory Committee and the Department of Recreation and Sports in Puerto Rico developed injury prevention guidelines for pitchers. The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance of pitching coaches of 9- to 14-year-old Little League teams in Puerto Rico with the Administrative Order 2006-01 and the USA Baseball guidelines. Hypotheses: (1) The coaches will have a satisfactory level of compliance with the Administrative Order as well as with the USA Baseball guidelines and (2) both the level of education of the coach as well as the years of experience will correlate with the level of compliance. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the Administrative Order and on the USA Baseball guidelines. A descriptive univariate analysis was conducted to determine the mean coach compliance with both guidelines. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe the correlation between the level of education and the years of experience of the coaches with the level of compliance. Results: Thirty-five coaches (response rate, 78%) participated in the study. On average, the coaches complied with 70% of the Administrative Order and with 73% of the USA Baseball guidelines. No significant correlations were found. Conclusion: The coaches who participated in the study did not reflect a satisfactory level of compliance with the USA Baseball guidelines or with the Administrative Order. Clinical Relevance: These findings emphasize the need for reinforcing compliance with the injury prevention guidelines and the need to provide resources and training to coaches to effectively prevent elbow and shoulder injuries in pitchers.
PfSMAD4 plays a role in biomineralization and can transduce bone morphogenetic protein-2 signals in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata
Authors: Zhao Mi , Shi Yu , He Maoxian , Huang Xiande , Wang Qi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Mollusca is the second largest phylum in nature. The shell of molluscs is a remarkable example of a natural composite biomaterial. Biomineralization and how it affects mollusks is a popular research topic. The BMP-2 signaling pathway plays a canonical role in biomineralization. SMAD4 is an intracellular transmitter in the BMP signaling pathway in mammals, and some genomic data show SMAD4’s involvment in BMP signaling in invertbrates, but whether SMAD4 plays a conservative role in pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, still need to be tested.

Results
In this study, we identified a SMAD4 gene (hereafter designated PfSMAD4) in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. Bioinformatics analysis of PfSMAD4 showed high identity with its orthologs. PfSMAD4 was located in the cytoplasm in immunofluorescence assays and analyses of PfSMAD4 mRNA in tissues and developmental stages showed high expression in ovaries and D-shaped larvae. An RNA interference experiment, performed by PfSMAD4 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection, demonstrated inhibition not only of nacre growth but also organic sheet formation with a decrease in PfSMAD4 expression. A knockdown experiment using PfBMP2 dsRNA showed decreased PfBMP2 and PfSMAD4 mRNA and irregular crystallization of the nacreous layer using scanning electron microscopy. In co-transfection experiments, PfBMP2-transactivated reporter constructs contained PfSMAD4 promoter sequences.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that PfSMAD4 plays a role in biomineralization and can transduce BMP signals in P. fucata. Our data provides important clues about the molecular mechanisms that regulate biomineralization in pearl oyster.
Resistance to Modernity and the Logic of Self-Negation as Politics: Takeuchi Yoshimi and Wang Hui on Lu Xun
Authors: Murthy Viren 
Published: April 2016

Lu Xun is perhaps the most studied figure in modern Chinese literature and there has been a great deal of debate about interpreting his work. However, scholars have paid insufficient attention to the way in which readings of Lu Xun serve as a lens from which to examine political interventions in response to global transformations and more specifically to the global logic of capitalism. The path-breaking works of Takeuchi Yoshimi and Wang Hui are especially thought provoking in this respect since they each wrote about Lu Xun to intervene in the politics of their times. More specifically Takeuchi and Wang each drew on Lu Xun to develop a new vision of politics at times when narratives and processes associated with the nation-state and capitalism eclipsed critical political practice. Intellectuals in both interwar Japan and post-Mao China stressed an evolutionary vision of modernity with which they criticized their present and immediate past: imperial fascism and feudalism in Japan, and the Cultural Revolution in 1980s and 1990s China. In both the works of Takeuchi and Wang, Lu Xun evinces a resistance to evolutionary or progressive narratives of history. In this essay, I read Takeuchi and Wang's respective interpretations of Lu Xun as responding to the cultural logic of global capitalism.
Takeuchi and Wang each appeal to feeling or irrationality to develop a vision of Lu Xun as resisting modernity. For Takeuchi, Lu Xun symbolized not only the Chinese revolution itself, but also a more fundamental defiance of European history and epistemology. Since this history as rationalizing modernity was expanding and encompassed the very formation of the self, Takeuchi argued that resistance implied self-realization through self-negation and that Lu Xun embodied this paradoxical practice.
In the mid-1990s, when the neoliberal phase of capitalism was transforming social relations in China, Wang invoked Takeuchi's interpretation of Lu Xun and more explicitly confronted the dynamic of capitalism. In Wang's view, the nature of intellectual production in capitalist society tends to fore-close the possibility of politics. However, he claims that Lu Xun's writings and practices represent a time when Chinese intellectuals were more closely connected to social movements and thus present the possibility of radical transformation.
Use of cidofovir in pediatric patients with adenovirus infection
Authors: Ganapathi Lakshmi , Arnold Alana , Jones Sarah , Patterson Al , Graham Dionne , Harper Marvin , Levy Ofer 
Published: April 2016

Background: Adenoviruses contribute to morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised pediatric patients including stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients. Cidofovir (CDV), an antiviral compound approved by the FDA in 1996, is used for treatment of adenoviral (ADV) infections in immunocompromised patients despite concern of potential nephrotoxicity. Methods: We conducted a retrospective 5-year review at Boston Children’s Hospital of 16 patients (mean age = 6.5 years) receiving 19 courses of CDV. During therapy all pertinent data elements were reviewed to characterize potential response to therapy and incidence of renal dysfunction. Results:Of the 19 CDV courses prescribed, 16 courses (84%) were in patients who had a positive blood ADV Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) alone or in combination with positive ADV PCR/ Direct Immunofluorescence Assay (DFA) at another site. Respiratory symptoms with or without pneumonia were the most common presentation (10/19, 53%). In the majority of blood positive courses (10/16, 63%), viral clearance was also accompanied by clinical response. This was not the case in four courses where patients expired despite viral clearance, including one in which death was directly attributable to adenovirus. There was reversible renal dysfunction observed during the use of CDV.Conclusions: CDV appeared safe and reasonably tolerated for treatment of ADV in this pediatric population and was associated with viral response and clinical improvement in the majority of patients but reversible renal dysfunction was a side effect. Further studies of the efficacy of CDV for immunocompromised children with ADV infection are warranted.
Respondent driven sampling of wheelchair users: A lack of traction?
Authors: Bourke John A. , Schluter Philip J. , Hay-Smith E. Jean C. , Snell Deborah L. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Internationally wheelchair users are an emerging demographic phenomenon due to their rapidly increasing life-span coupled with accelerated general population ageing. While having significant healthcare and social implications, basic robust epidemiological information of wheelchair users is often lacking due in part to this population’s “hidden” nature. Increasingly popular in epidemiological research, Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) provides a mechanism for generating unbiased population-based estimates for hard-to-reach populations, overcoming biases inherent within other sampling methods. This paper reports the first published study to employ RDS amongst wheelchair users.Methods: Between October 2015 and January 2016, a short, successfully piloted, internet-based national survey was initiated. Twenty seeds from diverse organisations were invited to complete the survey then circulate it to peers within their networks following a well-defined protocol. A predetermined reminder protocol was triggered when seeds or their peers failed to respond. All participants were entered into a draw for an iPad.Results: Overall, 19 people participated (9 women); 12 initial seeds, followed by seven second-wave participants arising from four seeds. Completion time for the survey ranged between 7 and 36 minutes. Despite repeated reminders, no further people were recruited.Discussion: While New Zealand wheelchair user numbers are unknown, an estimated 14% of people have physical impairments that limited mobility. The 19 respondents generated from adopting the RDS methodology here thus represents a negligible fraction of wheelchair users in New Zealand, and an insufficient number to ensure equilibrium. While successful in other hard-to-reach populations, applying RDS methodology to wheelchairs users requires further consideration. Formative research exploring areas of network characteristics, acceptability of RDS, appropriate incentive options, and seed selection amongst wheelchair users is needed.
Money of the XXI Century: Modification or Transformation of Money in the XX Century?
Authors: Родина  , Rodina G. 
Published: April 2016

This article analyzes the changes in the money today. Modern conditions are
understood as the proliferation of high-tech sectors of the economy, designed
to make the transition from the fifth to the sixth technological order. In general
terms, it relates to the concept of “information economy”. For its genesis the
term “industrial and information economy” is allowable. Is the essence of money
changing? Does the money undergo transformation of a certain conversion,
accompanied by a radical breaking the old, habitual substance? Or does the
development process of its functions continue without changing the content
of the money — at the form level? Is the term “modification” more suitable
as change that does not affect the essence of the subject?
During the conducted analysis the following conclusions were formulated. Firstly,
money gets its traditional functions over again, and in the same sequence as in
preinformation economy. Secondly, the existing cash and non-cash money cannot
meet the needs of settlement due to the fact that all their forms are based,
ultimately, on the material money, that cannot be transmitted by electronic
networks; according to key parameters closest to the ideal model of the
information economy is approaching digital cash money because its handling
mechanism based on the electronic representation of the value stored in a physical
medium.
Calculation and Analysis of Cooperation Efficiency As the Important Components of the Cooperative Associations Creation and Development
Authors: Морозкина  , Morozkina I. 
Published: April 2016

In the article are considered the various approaches to the concept of efficiency,
the existing methods of assessment and calculation of efficiency on both
quantitative and qualitative basis; the methods of estimation of the inter-firm
cooperation’s effectiveness are analyzed; the formula of efficiency’s calculation
of the types of cooperation is offered, it can be used both for comparison
of cooperative associations, and as a composite measure for decision making
about participation in cooperation; criteria for the concept of efficiency is set for
companies (members of cooperatives), consumers, industry, regions and the
country; the estimation of cooperation on the basis of the indicators characterizing
the benefit from the growth of cooperation’s productivity “breadth” and “depth”
of one or groups of indicators is suggested; the matrix of correlation between
time of finding the answer to a positive question and time of proving of this
response, which shows the gap between the calculations of the efficiency
of decision making and the proof of its effectiveness.
Overweight, obesity and cognitive functions disorders in group of people suffering from mental illness
Authors: Łopuszańska Urszula , Skórzyńska-Dziduszko Katarzyna , Prendecka Monika , Makara-Studzińska Marta 
Published: April 2016

CelZbadanie czy otyłość wpływa na funkcje poznawcze u osób chorujących psychicznie.MetodaDo badań zakwalifikowano 91 z rozpoznaną chorobą psychiczną, w tym 51 kobiet i 40 mężczyzn, średni wiek badanych wynosił 46 lat. Osoby te były pod stałą opieką psychiatryczną, byli to uczestnicy ośrodków wsparcia. Nadwagę i otyłość mierzono wg wskaźnika BMI. Otyłość brzuszną wg wytycznych IDF i wskaźnika WHR. Funkcje poznawcze badano przy pomocy testu STMS, Testu Fluencji Słownej oraz Testu Uczenia Słuchowego Reya.WynikiOtyłość brzuszną rozpoznano u 70% badanych wg wytycznych IDF i 61% wg wskaźnika WHR, u kobiet wyniki te wniosły odpowiednio: 83% i 94%, podczas gdy u mężczyzn 62% i 32%. Rozkład BMI w badanej grupie wyniósł odpowiednio: otyłość II st. -5 os. (5%), otyłość I st.-26 os. (35%), nadwaga-32 os. (35%), BMI prawidłowe -27 os. (30%), niedowaga-1 os. (2%) . Istniała ujemna korelacja miedzy WHR, obwodem talii a myśleniem abstrakcyjnym, pamięcią bezpośrednią i pamięcią odroczoną. BMI i masa ciała korelowały ujemnie jedynie z pamięcią odroczoną. Liczba przyjmowanych przez osoby badane leków wykazywała dodatnią korelację z masą ciała i obwodem talii. U kobiet zaobserwowano ujemne korelacje pomiędzy funkcjami poznawczymi a masą ciała, nadwagą i otyłością brzuszną. U mężczyzn wyżej wymienione korelacje nie występowały, zaobserwowano jedynie związki funkcji poznawczych z wiekiem.WnioskiOtyłość przyczynia się do spadku funkcji poznawczych szczególnie w zakresie pamięci bezpośredniej i myślenia abstrakcyjnego.