bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of investors’ protection, transparency level and legal origin on initial public offering (IPO) initial returns
Authors: Sundarasen Sheela , Goel Sanjay , Zulaini Fairuz Ahmad 
Published: May 2017

PurposeManagers may underprice initial public offerings (IPOs), leading to higher initial returns (IRs). The purpose of this paper is multi-fold: to compensate investors for risk, to reduce litigation risk, as well as to maintain control over the firm. The authors examine country-level contingencies (degree of investor protection, legal origin and degree of transparency) in OECD countries to explain IPO IRs.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional data comprising of 4,164 IPOs from 28 OECD countries are used for the period of 2005-2010. Ordinary least square using multiple linear regressions is used to test the hypotheses.FindingsInvestors’ protection is associated with higher IRs. This relationship is stronger in the non-common law countries. Degree of transparency negatively moderates the relationship in common law countries. Overall, the results show evidence of risk compensation, litigation risk reduction, and managerial control motives in underpricing.Originality/valueIPO IRs in OECD countries is examined, within the boundaries of institutional characteristics, i.e., investors’ protection, legal origin and transparency level.
The Power of Exclusion using Automated Osteometric Sorting: Pair‐Matching,
Authors: Lynch Jeffrey James , Byrd John , LeGarde Carrie B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study compares the original pair‐matching osteometric sorting model (J Forensic Sci 2003;48:717) against two new models providing validation and performance testing across three samples. The samples include the Forensic Data Bank, USS Oklahoma, and the osteometric sorting reference used within the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. A computer science solution to generating dynamic statistical models across a commingled assemblage is presented. The issue of normality is investigated showing the relative robustness against non‐normality and a data transformation to control for normality. A case study is provided showing the relative exclusion power of all three models from an active commingled case within the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. In total, 14,357,220 osteometric t‐tests were conducted. The results indicate that osteometric sorting performs as expected despite reference samples deviating from normality. The two new models outperform the original, and one of those is recommended to supersede the original for future osteometric sorting work.
Trajectories of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder dimensions in adults
Authors: Karam R. G. , Rovaris D. L. , Breda V. , Picon F. A. , Victor M. M. , Salgado C. A. I. , Vitola E. S. , Mota N. R. , Silva K. L. , Meller M. , Rohde L. A. , Grevet E. H. , Bau C. H. D. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThere is a lack of available information on the trajectories of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dimensions during adulthood. This study investigates the course and the predictors of change for each ADHD domain in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD.MethodAdults with ADHD (n = 344) were followed up for 7 years, with a final retention rate of 66.0%. Trajectories of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity and their potential predictors were examined.ResultsOn average, symptoms declined in all ADHD domains during follow‐up. Despite this, rises in inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive symptoms were observed in approximately 13%, 25%, and 17% of patients respectively. Different predictors influenced the trajectory of each ADHD dimension. Oppositional defiant disorder and social phobia were associated with the maintenance of symptoms, while alcohol use disorder was associated with both maintenance and rise of symptoms.ConclusionUnexpectedly, a rise in the symptoms after 7 years was not uncommon in adults with ADHD. Prevalent comorbidities have the potential to influence the neurodevelopment and the trajectory of ADHD. Therefore, such predictors should be investigated in population cohorts to better characterize the course of ADHD. Additionally, these findings may be relevant in prevention studies and in strategies for ADHD treatment.
Effects of Orthostatism and Hemodialysis on Mean Heart Period and Fractal Heart Rate Properties of Chronic Renal Failure Patients
Authors: Echeverría Juan C. , Infante Oscar , Pérez‐Grovas Héctor , González Hortensia , José Marco V. , Lerma Claudia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the short‐term fractal index (α1) of heart rate variability (HRV) in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients by identifying the effects of orthostatism and hemodialysis (HD), and by evaluating the correlation between α1 and the mean RR interval from sinus beats (meanNN). HRV time series were derived from ECG data of 19 CRF patients and 20 age‐matched healthy subjects obtained at supine and orthostatic positions (lasting 5 min each). Data from CRF patients were collected before and after HD. α1 was calculated from each time series and compared by analysis of variance. Pearson's correlations between meanNN and α1 were calculated using the data from both positions by considering three groups: healthy subjects, CRF before HD and CRF after HD. At supine position, α1 of CRF patients after HD (1.17 ± 0.30) was larger (P < 0.05) than in healthy subjects (0.89 ± 0.28) but not before HD (1.10 ± 0.34). α1 increased (P < 0.05) in response to orthostatism in healthy subjects (1.29 ± 0.26) and CRF patients after HD (1.34 ± 0.31), but not before HD (1.25 ± 0.37). Whereas α1 was correlated (P < 0.05) with the meanNN of healthy subjects (r = −0.562) and CRF patients after HD (r = −0.388), no significance in CRF patients before HD was identified (r = 0.003). Multiple regression analysis confirmed that α1 was mainly predicted by the orthostatic position (in all groups) and meanNN (healthy subjects and patients after HD), showing no association with the renal disease condition in itself. In conclusion, as in healthy subjects, α1 of CRF patients correlates with meanNN after HD (indicating a more irregular‐like HRV behavior at slower heart rates). This suggests that CRF patients with stable blood pressure preserve a regulatory adaptability despite a shifted setting point of the heart period (i.e., higher heart rate) in comparison with healthy subjects.
Up to 89% of neonates received antibiotics in cross‐sectional Indian study including those with no infections and unclear diagnoses
Authors: Hauge Camilla , Stålsby Lundborg Cecilia , Mandaliya Jagdish , Marrone Gaetano , Sharma Megha 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThere is a global lack of data on antibiotic prescribing for neonates. This study compared antibiotic prescribing practices in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two private‐sector, tertiary‐level hospitals.MethodsA three‐year, cross‐sectional study was conducted from 2008 to 2011 in the NICUs of a teaching and nonteaching hospital in the Ujjain district of India. The data were analysed using methods recommended by the World Health Organization.ResultsOf the 1789 inpatients, 89% (1399/1572) in the nonteaching hospital and 71% (154/217) in the teaching hospital were prescribed antibiotics and 123 patients died. All the antibiotics were prescribed empirically and cephalosporins and aminoglycosides were the most commonly prescribed subclasses. Fixed‐dose combinations of cephalosporins were commonly prescribed in the nonteaching hospital. Neonatal sepsis was the most common diagnosis, in more than 30% of patients, and more than 93% neonates with sepsis were prescribed antibiotics. In addition, 40% of neonates in the nonteaching hospital were admitted for observation and were frequently prescribed antibiotics.ConclusionThese two Indian NICUs prescribed antibiotics for noninfectious or unclear diagnoses in addition to prescribing combinations of broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Such practices increase the global risk of treatment failure, neonatal mortality rates and antibiotic resistance.
Novel selective PDE type 1 inhibitors cause vasodilatation and lower blood pressure in rats
Authors: Laursen Morten , Beck Lilliana , Kehler Jan , Christoffersen Claus Tornby , Bundgaard Christoffer , Mogensen Susie , Mow Tomas Joachim , Pinilla Estéfano , Knudsen Jakob Schöllhammer , Hedegaard Elise Røge , Grunnet Morten , Simonsen Ulf 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeThe PDE enzymes (PDE1–11) hydrolyse and thus inactivate cyclic nucleotides and are important in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. Here,we have investigated the effects on the cardiovascular system, of two novel selective PDE1 inhibitors, Lu AF41228 and Lu AF58027.Experimental ApproachWe used rat mesenteric small arteries (internal diameters of 200–300 μm), RT‐PCR and measured isometric wall tension. Effects of Lu AF41228 and Lu AF58027 on heart rate and BP were assessed in both anaesthetized and conscious male rats.Key ResultsNanomolar concentrations of Lu AF41228 and Lu AF58027 inhibited PDE1A, PDE1B and PDE1C enzyme activity, while micromolar concentrations were required to observe inhibitory effects at other PDEs. RT‐PCR revealed expression of PDE1A, PDE1B and PDE1C in rat brain, heart and aorta, but only PDE1A and PDE1B in mesenteric arteries. In rat isolated mesenteric arteries contracted with phenylephrine or U46619, Lu AF41228 and Lu AF58027 induced concentration‐dependent relaxations which were markedly reduced by inhibitors of guanylate cyclase, ODQ, and adenylate cyclase, SQ22536, and in preparations without endothelium. In anaesthetized rats, Lu AF41228 and Lu AF58027 dose‐dependently lowered mean BP and increased heart rate. In conscious rats with telemetric pressure transducers, repeated dosing with Lu AF41228 lowered mean arterial BP 10–15 mmHg and increased heart rate.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese novel PDE1 inhibitors induce vasodilation and lower BP, suggesting a potential use of these vasodilators in the treatment of hypertension and vasospasm.
Single and combined effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in a mouse model of chemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain
Authors: King Kirsten M , Myers Alyssa M , Soroka‐Monzo Ariele J , Tuma Ronald F , Tallarida Ronald J , Walker Ellen A , Ward Sara Jane 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeThe non‐psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) can affect the pharmacological effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We tested the possible synergy between CBD and THC in decreasing mechanical sensitivity in a mouse model of paclitaxel‐induced neuropathic pain. We also tested the effects of CBD on oxaliplatin‐ and vincristine‐induced mechanical sensitivity.Experimental ApproachPaclitaxel‐treated mice (8.0 mg·kg−1 i.p., days 1, 3, 5 and 7) were pretreated with CBD (0.625–20.0 mg·kg−1 i.p.), THC (0.625–20.0 mg·kg−1 i.p.) or CBD + THC (0.04 + 0.04–20.0 + 20.0 mg·kg−1 i.p.), and mechanical sensitivity was assessed on days 9, 14 and 21. Oxaliplatin‐treated (6.0 mg·kg−1 i.p., day 1) or vincristine‐treated mice (0.1 mg·kg−1 i.p. days 1–7) were pretreated with CBD (1.25–10.0 mg·kg−1 i.p.), THC (10.0 mg·kg−1 i.p.) or THC + CBD (0.16 mg·kg−1 THC + 0.16 mg·kg−1 CBD i.p.).Key ResultsBoth CBD and THC alone attenuated mechanical allodynia in mice treated with paclitaxel. Very low ineffective doses of CBD and THC were synergistic when given in combination. CBD also attenuated oxaliplatin‐ but not vincristine‐induced mechanical sensitivity, while THC significantly attenuated vincristine‐ but not oxaliplatin‐induced mechanical sensitivity. The low dose combination significantly attenuated oxaliplatin‐ but not vincristine‐induced mechanical sensitivity.Conclusions and ImplicationsCBD may be potent and effective at preventing the development of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy, and its clinical use may be enhanced by co‐administration of low doses of THC. These treatment strategies would increase the therapeutic window of cannabis‐based pharmacotherapies.
Sociodemographic determinants of spatial disparities in early childhood caries: An ecological analysis in Braunschweig, Germany
Authors: Meyer Frederic , Karch André , Schlinkmann Kristin Maria , Dreesman Johannes , Horn Johannes , Rübsamen Nicole , Sudradjat Henny , Schubert Rainer , Mikolajczyk Rafael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo identify spatial disparities in dental caries experience (measured by dmft (decayed missing filled teeth) index) of children in the city of Braunschweig and to evaluate whether these disparities can be explained by sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsWe examined the dental health of children aged 3‐6 years visiting a daycare centre (DCC) in the metropolitan area of Braunschweig between 2009 and 2014 by combining data on dental health from the annual visits of the local health service with aggregated data on sociodemographic factors for Braunschweig's city districts. We assessed longitudinal patterns of change in average dmft index at district level from 2009 to 2014 using a finite mixture model. We analysed spatial autocorrelation of the district's average dmft indices by Moran's I to identify spatial clusters. With a spatial lag model, we evaluated whether sociodemographic risk factors (data from 2012) were associated with high dmft scores (data from 2014) and whether spatial disparities remained after adjusting for these sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsThe average dmft index decreased slightly (β=−0.048; P<.03; CI 95% [−0.079; −0.017]) from 2009 to 2014. The finite mixture model resulted in four different groups of trajectories over time. While three groups showed a decrease in dmft score, one group showed an increase from 2009 to 2014. Moran's I test statistic showed strong evidence for spatial clustering (Moran's I 0.30, P=.002). A cluster of districts with high dmft values was identified in the centre of the city. The spatial lag model showed that both the proportion of unemployed persons (aged 16‐65) and the proportion of persons with migration background were associated with the dmft values at district level. After adjusting for these, no further spatial heterogeneity was observed.ConclusionWe identified regional clusters for poor dental health in a German city and showed that these clusters can be explained by sociodemographic characteristics. The findings support the need of targeted interventions and prevention measures in regions with less favourable sociodemographic characteristics.
Mesiotemporal atrophy and hippocampal diffusivity distinguish amnestic from non‐amnestic vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Hosseini A. A. , Meng D. , Simpson R. J. , Auer D. P. 
Published: May 2017

Background and purposeThe role of clinical factors, cerebral infarcts and hippocampal damage in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) subtypes remains unclear.MethodsNon‐demented patients with carotid stenosis and recent transient ischemic attack/stroke had cognitive assessment and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Amnestic VCI was defined as memory impairment; non‐amnestic VCI was any other subdomain impairment. Associations of MRI metrics [log‐transformed total ischemic lesion load (log TILL), mesiotemporal atrophy (MTA) score, hippocampal mean diffusivity (hipMD)] with cognitive performance were assessed.ResultsA hundred and eight patients, 47 with amnestic VCI and 21 with non‐amnestic VCI, were assessed. A higher MTA (odds ratio 12.89, P = 0.001) and left hipMD (odds ratio 4.43, P = 0.003) contributed to amnestic VCI versus normal. Age‐adjusted fluency correlated with log TILL (P = 0.002). Age‐adjusted memory was associated with left hipMD (P = 0.001), MTA (P < 0.001) but not log TILL (P = 0.14). Left hipMD, MTA and smoking showed classification potential between amnestic VCI versus normal (area 0.859, P < 0.001).ConclusionsNeuroimaging assists stratification in amnestic VCI characterized by hippocampal changes and in non‐amnestic VCI by higher ischemic burden. MTA and hippocampal diffusivity show diagnostic biomarker potential.
Moms growing together: Piloting action methods and expressive arts in a therapeutic group for teen mothers
Authors: SmithBattle Lee , Chantamit‐o‐pas Chutima , Freed Patricia , McLaughlin Dorcas , Schneider Joanne K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this pilot study was to test the safety, acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of Moms Growing Together (MGT), an intervention to prevent and reduce psychological distress in teen mothers.Study Design and MethodsA mixed method design was used. The primary outcomes were reported satisfaction with MGT (acceptance); successful recruitment and retention of teen mothers (feasibility); and prevention or reduction of psychological distress (safety and effectiveness). Summary scores on each of three symptom measures operationally defined psychological distress. Sixteen African‐American teen mothers participated in the study: eight in MGT and eight in a comparison group.ResultsMGT was considered safe and acceptable. MGT had a negative small effect (effect size [ES] = –0.028) on decreasing depression in participants and a moderate effect in reducing anxiety (ES = 0.395) and trauma symptoms (ES = 0.521–0.554) relative to the comparison group. Prolonged recruitment limited feasibility.ConclusionBecause psychological distress casts a long shadow on teen mothers’ well‐being, developing teen‐friendly clinical programs that address their mental health is a high priority.
Hard and soft tissue integration of immediate and delayed implants with a modified coronal macrodesign: Histological, micro‐CT and volumetric soft tissue changes from a pre‐clinical in vivo study
Authors: Sanz‐Martin Ignacio , Vignoletti Fabio , Nuñez Javier , Permuy Maria , Muñoz Fernando , Sanz‐Esporrín Javier , Fierravanti Ludovica , Shapira Lior , Sanz Mariano 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo study the healing of peri‐implant tissues around implants with a triangular coronal third (test) or cylindrical (control).Materials and MethodsIn eight beagle dogs, immediate and delayed implants were placed. Test and control implants were randomly assigned and the hard and soft tissue healing was evaluated with histology and micro‐CT analysis at 4 and 12 weeks. The soft tissue contour changes were assessed by image analysis software.ResultsWhen measured at the implant shoulder level, the buccal crestal width (primary outcome assessed in mm) attained similar values in test and control implants. More apically (3 mm) test implants had greater buccal crestal width in delayed and immediate sites. For vertical soft and hard tissue measurements, no significant differences were found between Test and Control. Micro‐CT evaluation of the buccal volume of interest showed less volume of implant component in T implants in all sites, although bone volume was not significantly different between T/C. Soft tissue contours were similar around T/C implants.ConclusionTriangular implants showed similar percentage of osseointegration, buccal bone volume and soft tissue contours, although attaining greater buccal crestal bone width. No differences were found in regard to soft tissue dimensions and the position of the first bone‐to‐implant contact.
Practitioner Review: Empirical evolution of youth psychotherapy toward transdiagnostic approaches
Authors: Marchette Lauren Krumholz , Weisz John R. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundPsychotherapy for children and adolescents (herein, ‘youths’) has grown more precise and focused over the decades, shifting toward empirically supported treatments standardized via therapist manuals. The manuals have increasingly emphasized precise targeting of single disorders or problems, or homogenous clusters. These focal treatments represent a valuable advance, with intervention benefit documented in hundreds of studies. However, relatively few of these treatments are widely used in everyday clinical practice, and their level of benefit may not be ideal, particularly in practice contexts and when compared to usual clinical care.ThesisThese limitations may be due, in part, to a mismatch between focal treatment design and the young people treated in real‐world clinical care, who are diagnostically heterogeneous, and very frequently present with comorbidity. Improved fit may be achieved via transdiagnostic treatment approaches designed to address multiple disorders and problems, if these approaches can retain the benefits of manualization and the substantive clinical strength that has generated empirical support to date.ScopeHere we review the evolution of empirically‐based youth psychotherapy from focal treatment manuals toward transdiagnostic approaches, and we describe and illustrate three transdiagnostic treatment strategies: (a) a core dysfunction approach, (b) a common elements and modular design approach, and (c) a principle‐guided approach.Clinical applicationsWe complement research findings with a clinical perspective based on our use of manual‐guided transdiagnostic intervention in clinical care settings, and we propose directions for research and practice.
Phenotype of Aeromonas salmonicida sp. salmonicida cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate receptor protein (Crp) mutants and its virulence in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Valderrama K , Saravia M , Santander J 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrecise deletion of genes related to virulence can be used as a strategy to produce attenuated bacterial vaccines. Here, we study the deletion of the cyclic‐3′,5′‐adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) receptor protein (Crp) in Aeromonas salmonicida, the aetiologic agent of furunculosis in marine and freshwater fish. The Crp protein is a conserved global regulator, controlling physiology processes, like sugar utilization. Deletion of the crp gene has been utilized in live attenuated vaccines for mammals, birds and warm water fish. Here, we characterized the crp gene and reported the effect of a crp deletion in A. salmonicida virulent and non‐virulent isolates. We found that A. salmonicida Δcrp was not able to utilize maltose and other sugars, and its generation time was similar to the wild type. A. salmonicida ∆crp showed a higher ability of cell invasion compared to the wild type. Fish challenges showed that A. salmonicida ∆crp is ~6 times attenuated in Oncorhynchus mykiss and conferred protective immunity against the intraperitoneal challenge with A. salmonicida wild type. We concluded that deletion of A. salmonicida crp influences sugar utilization, cell invasion and virulence. Deletion of crp in A. salmonicida could be considered as part of an effective strategy to develop immersion live attenuated vaccines against furunculosis.