bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophilia: a pragmatic approach to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Klion Amy D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Eosinophilia is associated with a wide variety of allergic, rheumatologic, infectious, neoplastic, and rare idiopathic disorders. Clinical manifestations range from benign asymptomatic presentations to life-threatening complications, including endomyocardial fibrosis and thromboembolism. The prognosis and choice of treatment depend not only on the degree of eosinophilia and severity of organ involvement, but also on the etiology of the eosinophilia. Unfortunately, despite recent advances in molecular and immunologic techniques, the etiology remains unproven in the overwhelming majority of cases. This review presents a practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with unexplained marked eosinophilia. A brief overview of the mechanisms of eosinophilia and eosinophil pathogenesis is also provided.
Interactions Between Neurokinin B and Kisspeptin in Mediating Estrogen Feedback in Healthy Women
Authors: Skorupskaite Karolina , George Jyothis T. , Veldhuis Johannes D. , Millar Robert P. , Anderson Richard A. 
Published: September 2016

Context:
Kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) are obligate for normal gonadotropin secretion, but their hierarchy is unexplored in normal women.

Objective:
To investigate the interaction between kisspeptin and NKB on estrogen-regulated LH secretion.

Design:
Women were treated with neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) antagonist followed by transdermal estradiol to induce LH secretion 48 hours later, with kisspeptin-10 or vehicle infusion during estrogen administration in a 2-way crossover study.

Setting:
Clinical research facility.

Patients or other participants:
Healthy females with regular menses.

Intervention(s):
NK3R antagonist AZD4901 40 mg twice daily orally was taken from cycle day 4–6 for 6 days (n = 10, with 10 no treatment controls). Transdermal estradiol patches (200 μg/d) were applied after 5 days of NK3R antagonist treatment. At 24-hour estradiol treatment, women were randomized to 7-hour kisspeptin-10 (4 μg/kg/h) or vehicle iv infusion, with the alternate infusion in a subsequent cycle.

Main outcome measure(s):
Plasma gonadotropin and estradiol secretion.

Results:
After an initial suppression, LH secretion was increased 48 hours after estradiol treatment. Kisspeptin-10 increased LH secretion during the inhibitory phase, and LH remained elevated beyond the discontinuation of kisspeptin-10 infusion. NK3R antagonist decreased LH pulse frequency (0.5 ± 0.2 vs 0.7 ± 0.2 pulses/h, P &lt; .05) and stimulated FSH response to kisspeptin-10 infusion (10.7 ± 11.0 vs 5.0 ± 3.6 IU/L, P &lt; .05) with a nonsignificant rise in LH. The duration of LH response was blunted, with LH being lower at 48 hours (7.5 ± 4.8 vs 15.0 ± 11.4 IU/L, P &lt; .05).

Conclusions:
These data demonstrate that NKB signaling regulates GnRH/LH secretion in normal women, and is predominantly proximal to kisspeptin in mediating estrogenic positive and negative feedback on LH secretion.
Strategies used by two apterous strains of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum for passive dispersal
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Xing-Xing , Zhu Jing-Yun , Zhang Zhan-Feng , Tian Hong-Gang , Liu Tong-Xian 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Wingless forms of aphids are relatively sedentary, and have a limited ability to migrate or disperse. However, they can drop off hosts or walk away if disturbed, or their food quality or quantity become deteriorated. Earlier, we found that the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776), could use differed strategies to escape danger and locate new host plants. To determine the mechanisms behind the different strategies, we undertook a series of studies including the aphids' host location, energy reserves under starvation, glycogenesis, sugar assimilation, olfactory and probing behaviors. We found that in our controlled laboratory conditions, one strain (local laboratory strain) moved longer distances and dispersed wider ranges, and correspondingly these aphids assimilated more sugars, synthesized more glycogen, and moved faster than another strain (collected from Gansu Province, northwestern China). However, the latter strain could locate the host faster, probed leaves more frequently, and identified plant leaves more accurately than the former strain after they were starved. Our results explained how flightless or wingless insects adapt to fit biotic and abiotic challenges in the complex processes of natural selection.
The leptin system and its expression at different nutritional and pregnant stages in lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus)
Authors: Zhang Huixian , Qin Geng , Zhang Yanhong , Li Shuisheng , Lin Qiang 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTLeptin is an essential hormone for the regulation of energy metabolism and food intake in vertebrate animals. To better understand the physiological roles of leptin in nutrient regulation in paternal ovoviviparous fish (family Syngnathidae), the present study cloned the full-length of leptin-a and leptin receptor (lepr) genes in lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus). Results showed that there was a 576-bp intron between two exons in leptin-a gene but no leptin-b gene in seahorse. Although the primary amino acid sequence conservation of seahorse leptin-a was very low, the 3-D structure modeling of seahorse leptin-a revealed strong conservation of tertiary structure with other vertebrates. Seahorse leptin-a mRNA was highly expressed in brain, whereas lepr mRNA was mainly expressed in ovary and gill. Interestingly, both leptin-a and lepr mRNA were expressed in the brood pouch of male seahorse, suggesting the leptin system plays a role during the male pregnancy. Physiological experiments showed that the expression of hepatic leptin-a and lepr mRNA in unfed seahorses was significantly higher than that in those fed 100%, as well as 60%, of their food during the fasting stage, showing that seahorse might initiate the leptin system to regulate its energy metabolism while starving. Moreover, the expression of leptin-a in the brood pouch of pregnant seahorse was significantly upregulated compared with non-pregnant seahorse, whereas the expression of lepr was downregulated, suggesting that the leptin system might be involved in the male pregnancy. In conclusion, the leptin system plays a role in the energy metabolism and food intake, and might provide new insights into molecular regulation of male pregnancy in seahorse.
A ternary complex comprising transportin1, Rab8 and the ciliary targeting signal directs proteins to ciliary membranes
Authors: Madugula Viswanadh , Lu Lei 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The sensory functions of cilia are dependent on the enrichment of cilium-resident proteins. Although it is known that ciliary targeting signals (CTSs) specifically target ciliary proteins to cilia, it is still unclear how CTSs facilitate the entry and retention of cilium-resident proteins at the molecular level. We found that non-ciliary membrane reporters can passively diffuse into cilia through the lateral transport pathway, and the translocation of membrane reporters through the ciliary diffusion barrier is facilitated by importin binding motifs and domains. Screening known CTSs of ciliary membrane residents uncovered that fibrocystin, photoreceptor retinol dehydrogenase, rhodopsin and retinitis pigmentosa 2 interact with transportin1 (TNPO1) through previously identified CTSs. We further discovered that a new ternary complex, comprising TNPO1, Rab8 and a CTS, can assemble or disassemble under the guanine nucleotide exchange activity of Rab8. Our study suggests a new mechanism in which the TNPO1–Rab8–CTS complex mediates selective entry into and retention of cargos within cilia.
Revisiting inconsistency in large pharmacogenomic studies
Authors: Safikhani Zhaleh , Smirnov Petr , Freeman Mark , El-Hachem Nehme , She Adrian , Rene Quevedo , Goldenberg Anna , Birkbak Nicolai J. , Hatzis Christos , Shi Leming , Beck Andrew H. , Aerts Hugo J.W.L. , Quackenbush John , Haibe-Kains Benjamin 
Published: September 2016

In 2013, we published a comparative analysis mutation and gene expression profiles and drug sensitivity measurements for 15 drugs characterized in the 471 cancer cell lines screened in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). While we found good concordance in gene expression profiles, there was substantial inconsistency in the drug responses reported by the GDSC and CCLE projects. We received extensive feedback on the comparisons that we performed. This feedback, along with the release of new data, prompted us to revisit our initial analysis. Here we present a new analysis using these expanded data in which we address the most significant suggestions for improvements on our published analysis — that targeted therapies and broad cytotoxic drugs should have been treated differently in assessing consistency, that consistency of both molecular profiles and drug sensitivity measurements should both be compared across cell lines, and that the software analysis tools we provided should have been easier to run, particularly as the GDSC and CCLE released additional data. Our re-analysis supports our previous finding that gene expression data are significantly more consistent than drug sensitivity measurements. The use of new statistics to assess data consistency allowed us to identify two broad effect drugs and three targeted drugs with moderate to good consistency in drug sensitivity data between GDSC and CCLE. For three other targeted drugs, there were not enough sensitive cell lines to assess the consistency of the pharmacological profiles. We found evidence of inconsistencies in pharmacological phenotypes for the remaining eight drugs. Overall, our findings suggest that the drug sensitivity data in GDSC and CCLE continue to present challenges for robust biomarker discovery. This re-analysis provides additional support for the argument that experimental standardization and validation of pharmacogenomic response will be necessary to advance the broad use of large pharmacogenomic screens.
Indirect Reciprocity and Charitable Giving— Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Khadjavi Menusch 
Published: September 2016

This paper investigates two channels of prosociality: indirect reciprocity and charitable giving. We conducted a natural field experiment in a hair salon in Hamburg, Germany, over the course of four months. In the baseline, we collected data on customers’ tips—a scenario absent indirect reciprocity and donations. In two treatments we had the hairdresser collect donations to a charity. In one treatment the hairdresser pointed out the opportunity to donate. Our data indicate that the voluntary activity of collecting donations in the salon led to greater tips for the hairdresser and significant donations. In the second treatment, the hairdresser unconditionally donated to the charity before the customers could. This donation did not increase tips further compared with the collection-only treatment. Our data indicate that indirect reciprocity works in the field. We find evidence that indirect reciprocity and charitable giving work as complements. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2519 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Achieving zero deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: What is missing?
Authors: Moutinho Paulo , Guerra Raissa , Azevedo-Ramos Claudia 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Amazon deforestation causes severe climatic and ecological disruptions, with negative consequences for the livelihood of forest-dependent peoples. To avoid further disruptions, Brazil will need to take bold steps to eliminate both illegal and legal Amazon deforestation over the short term. Amazon deforestation declined by 70% between 2005 and 2014 due to drops in commodity prices and interventions by federal and state governments, such as law enforcement campaigns and credit restrictions for landowners who deforest illegally. Despite these impressive achievements, Brazil still deforests 5,000 km2 of Amazonian forests each year. How then will Brazil eliminate Amazon deforestation altogether if the country is only committed to cut illegal deforestation by 2030—as stated in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (iNDC) to the 2015 climate change treaty meeting in Paris? Here we provide an analysis of the major socio-economic-political threats that could constrain Brazil from achieving its current goals. We then propose six fundamental strategies to help Brazil achieve a more ambitious goal to eliminate all major legal and illegal Amazon deforestation. These strategies involve bringing social and environmental safeguards to the infrastructure plans in the region, consolidating and expanding positive incentives for the production of sustainable commodities, establishing a new policy to guarantee the social and environmental sustainability of rural settlements, fully implementing the national legislation protecting forests (the Forest Code), protecting the land rights of indigenous people and traditional communities, and expanding the existing network of protected areas, allocating the 80 million hectares of not designated public forests as protected areas or areas for sustainable use of timber and non-timber forest products. The implementation of these strategies however depends on the formulation of a new development paradigm that promotes economic growth, social justice and productive agriculture, while protecting the fundamentally important ecological services of tropical forests.
UVA, VINHO E ANARQUISMO: perspectivas e possibilidades para o enoturismo na região de Palmeira - PR
Authors: Margraf Wilena , Medeiros Mirna de Lima 
Published: September 2016

O enoturismo tem se destacado nos últimos anos como modalidade turística. A união do vinho com o turismo faz parte de uma atividade que vem se desenvolvendo rapidamente e que atrai apaixonados pela bebida e curiosos. Assim surgiu o interesse de analisar as propriedades vínicas de Palmeira – Paraná, suas características e possibilidades. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso com base em pesquisa bibliográ ca, entrevistas, observação e análise documental com vistas a investigar perspectivas e possibilidades com relação ao desenvolvimento do enoturismo em Palmeira-PR. Foram realizadas doze entrevistas: dez com os produtores de vinho durante visita às suas propriedades; uma com a presidente da Associação de Turismo do município; uma com descendente do primeiro produtor de vinho. Os resultados apontam que as propriedades ainda estão em preparo para receber turistas principalmente com relação à infraestrutura. Contudo, uma rota enoturística já está entre as prioridades da associação. Ademais, Palmeira pode se valer do diferencial de possuir a única experiência anarquista da América Latina, a Colônia Cecília, onde os italianos produziam uvas e vinho.Palavras-chave: Enoturismo; Palmeira - PR; Colônia Cecília; Anarquismo.
A critical review on soil ionisation modelling for grounding electrodes
Authors: Mokhtari Mehrdad , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain , Gharehpetian Gevork B. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Grounding electrode resistance non-linearly changes under impulse conditions due to soil ionisation phenomenon. Several models have been proposed to model soil ionisation for grounding electrodes applications. However, to date, there is yet an attempt made to compile all these works into a comprehensive review article. Therefore, this paper is written with the objective of summarizing all related works in this field as a one- stop reference. With reference to the literature, this paper is written to summarize the working principles of the soil ionisation models as well as the accuracy and performance analysis of the models. This paper, particularly highlights the deficiencies of the available models in terms of accuracy and performance. This knowledge will contribute to the development of a new accurate and efficient soil ionisation model.
Low cost, high accuracy real-time simulation used for rapid prototyping and testing control algorithms on example of BLDC motor
Authors: Baszyński Marcin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article presents the simulation of a BLDC motor and its closed control system in FPGA. The simulation is based on a mathematical model of the motor, including the electromagnetic torque, phase currents, back electromotive force, etc. In order to ensure calculation precision, the equations describing the motor were solved using a floating point representation of real numbers, and a small step of numerical calculations of 1 μs was assumed. The time step selection methodology has been discussed in detail. The motor model was executed with the use of Textual Programming Languages (with HDL codes).
Common mode behavior in grid connected DC and AC decoupled PV Inverter topologies
Authors: Sundar D. John , Kumaran M. Senthil 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The transformer-less grid connected inverters are gaining more popularity due to their high efficiency, very low ground leakage current and economic feasibility especially in photovoltaic systems. The major issue which surfaces these systems is that of common mode leakage current which arises due to the absence of an electrical transformer connected between the inverter and the utility grid. Several topologies have evolved to reduce the impact of common mode leakage current and a majority of them have succeeded in eliminating the impacts and have well kept them within the limits of grid standards. This paper compares and analyses the impact of the common mode leakage current for four popular inverter configurations through simulation of the topologies such as H5, H6, HERIC and FBZVR inverters.
Analysis and optimisation of an axial flux permanent magnet coreless motor based on the field model using the superposition principle and genetic algorithm
Authors: Wojciechowski Rafał M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In the paper, methodologies for the magnetic field simulation in an axial flux permanent magnet coreless (AFPMC) motor have been proposed and discussed. Two approaches have been considered and investigated, both based on representing the 3D field distribution by superimposing axisymmetric 2D patterns. The first of studied approaches applies directly to the Biot-Savart law while the second uses a 2D axisymmetric finite element method. The selected results of magnetic field distributions and electromagnetic torque characteristics for the considered AFPMC motor have been presented and compared with results obtained using the commercial FEM package ‘Maxwell’. The elaborated algorithms have been incorporated into the design routines allowing multi-parameter optimisation of the considered motor construction.
Iron Metabolism Modification During Repeated Show Jumping Event in Equine Athletes
Authors: Piccione Giuseppe , Rizzo Maria , Arfuso Francesca , Bruschetta Daniele , Giudice Elisabetta , Assenza Anna 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In athletic horse the evaluation of iron status is of great importance to improve physical performance and health status of animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of iron indices following show jumping. Ten regularly trained Italian Saddlebred horses aged 7-8 years (mean body weight 467±12 kg) were subjected to three days jumping competition. Blood samples were collected at 5 time points: T0 (the day before competitions), T1 (immediately after exercise at day 1), T2 (immediately after exercise at day 2), T3 (immediately after exercise at day 3) and during the recovery period T4 (24 h after day 3). On each blood sample the values of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) were assessed. One-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a statistical significant effect of exercise (P<0.05) on all studied parameters. The application of Bonferroni’s post-hoc comparison showed a statistical significant increase in all studied parameters after exercise. These results provide new information about the changes in iron profile of jumper horse following exercise allowing for better evaluation of the health status and physical performance of this athlete horse.
Changes in the expression of selected antioxidative proteins in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) epididymis in different periods of the rutting season
Authors: Lecewicz Marek , Majewska Anna , Kordan Władysław , Wysocki Paweł , Koziorowska-Gilun Magdalena 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
One of the factors determining the homeostasis of biological systems is the balance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of the antioxidative defence system. Regarding seasonal variations in secretory activity in different parts of roe buck’s (Capreolus capreolus) epididymis, the aim of present study was to compare the expression of selected antioxidative proteins in three periods of the rutting season. Using proteomics methods (2D PAGE , tandem mass spectrometry MS/MS) 5 antioxidative enzymes were identified for the first time in different segments of the epididymis of the roe buck. The highest expression of these enzymes was found in the rutting season. Findings indicated that the antioxidative function of the buck’s epididymis, regardless of the period of the rutting season, but particularly in the rutting season, is maintained mainly because of the presence of three conservative polypeptides: glutathione S-transferase (GST), protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), and PDIA3 precursor. Moreover, a protective role against the harmful products of redox reactions is played during the discussed periods by peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), identified in the cauda of the epididymis. In the tissue of the corpus and caput of the epididymis its expression was only found in the rutting season. The expression of biliverdin reductase A (BRVA ) in the epididymis was only observed in the rutting season.
Effects of dietary supplementation of inorganic, organic or nano zinc forms on performance, eggshell quality, and bone characteristics in laying hens
Authors: Olgun Osman , Yildiz Alp Önder 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of dietary zinc forms and dosages on egg production performance, egg quality, and bone characteristics in laying hens. Forty-two-week-old, 144 Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens were allocated to 12 experimental groups in a 4 (forms) × 3 (dosages) factorial arrangement. Four zinc forms including zinc-sulphate and zinc-oxide as inorganic forms, zinc-glycine as organic form and nano zinc-oxide powder as nano form at different dosages (50, 75 and 100 mg per kg diet) were tested. Compared to the inorganic (zinc-sulphate) form, the zinc-glycine supplementation significantly depressed the egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio. The eggshell thickness was significantly decreased by supplementation with nano zinc-oxide. The shear force of tibia was significantly decreased by zinc-glycine or nano zinc-oxide supplemented in the diet when compared to inorganic forms of zinc. On the other hand, the dietary 50 mg/kg dosage of zinc was sufficient for optimum performance and the dietary 75 mg/kg dosage of zinc significantly improved shear force of tibia in laying hens. Tibia zinc content increased with the dietary 100 mg/kg dosage of zinc. The interactions between zinc forms and dosages had a significant effect on egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, eggshell thickness, shear force and shear stress of bone, and tibia calcium concentration. The highest egg weight and the lowest eggshell thickness were observed for the group fed with nano Zn-oxide at 100 mg/kg in the diet. These results showed that nano zinc form supplementation negatively affects the eggshell thickness and bone mechanical properties. The zinc in nano form may not be suggested for feeding laying hens, but other forms of zinc could be used safely in layer diets.