bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do African Savanna Elephants (Loxodonta africana) Show Interspecific Social Long‐Term Memory for Their Zoo Keepers?
Authors: Kränzlin Martin , Azogu‐Sepe Idu , Pouydebat Emmanuelle , Böhmer Christine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT“An elephant never forgets” is a popular phrase that refers not only to the elephant's extraordinary ability to remember migration routes but also to its pronounced social long‐term memory (SLTM). Previous studies have shown intra‐ and interspecies SLTM performance, but the ability of elephants to have memories of individual humans has not yet been investigated. We tested this interspecific SLTM using auditory, olfactory, and visual stimuli, each from familiar and unfamiliar persons, in two African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) cows living in a zoo. The two‐choice object tests revealed a higher interest in sensory stimuli from familiar keepers they had not seen for 13 years than in unfamiliar people. Statistically significant differences were found for olfactory stimuli. In addition, there was significantly more interest in visual stimuli from current keepers than in stimuli from unfamiliar people. Contrary to the results of a previous study with elephants, this was not observed for olfactory stimuli. Due to the small sample size and magnitude of the influencing factors, that is, outdoor experiment, only spatial separation of the animals, these results only represent indications of the possible interspecific SLTM. Nevertheless, we were able to provide the first empirical evidence that L. africana stores information about specific people over a long period of time. Further studies with larger sample sizes, cross‐modal testing, and people disliked by the elephants could provide more insights.
Comparison of protein immobilization methods with covalent bonding on paper for paper-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Chen Yang , Danchana Kaewta , Kaneta Takashi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, two methods were examined to optimize the immobilization of antibodies on paper when conducting a paper-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (P-ELISA). Human IgG, as a test-capture protein, was immobilized on paper via the formation of Schiff bases. Aldehyde groups were introduced onto the surface of the paper via two methods: NaIO4 and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) with glutaraldehyde (APTS-glutaraldehyde). In the assay, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-human IgG (HRP-anti-IgG) binds to the immobilized human IgG, and the colorimetric reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzyzine (TMB) produces a blue color in the presence of H2O2 and HRP-anti-IgG as a model analyte. The immobilization of human IgG, the enzymatic reaction conditions, and the reduction of the chemical bond between the paper surface and immobilized human IgG all were optimized in order to improve both the analytical performance and the stability. In addition, the thickness of the paper was examined to stabilize the analytical signal. Consequently, the APTS-glutaraldehyde method was superior to the NaIO4 method in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. Conversely, the reduction of imine to amine with NaBH4 proved to exert only minimal influence on sensitivity and stability, although it tended to degrade reproducibility. We also found that thick paper was preferential when using P-ELISA because a rigid paper substrate prevents distortion of the paper surface that is often caused by repeated washing processes.
CFT Correlators and Mapping Class Group Averages
Authors: Romaidis Iordanis , Runkel Ingo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMapping class group averages appear in the study of 3D gravity partition functions. In this paper, we work with 3D topological field theories to establish a bulk-boundary correspondence between such averages and correlators of 2D rational CFTs whose chiral mapping class group representations are irreducible and satisfy a finiteness property. We show that Ising-type modular fusion categories satisfy these properties on surfaces with or without field insertions, extending results in [1], and we comment on the absence of invertible global symmetries in the examples we consider.
Some counterexamples in surface homology
Authors: Buser Peter , Makover Eran , Muetzel Bjoern 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present four counterexamples in surface homology. The first example shows that even if the loops inducing a homology basis intersect each other at most once, they still may separate the surface into two parts. The other three examples show some difficulties in working with minimal homology bases. Introducing hyperbolic ribbon graphs we modify the examples so as to have a hyperbolic metric.
Regular semigroups weakly generated by set
Authors: Oliveira Luís 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe prove the existence and uniqueness (up to isomorphism) of a regular semigroup $${{\,\textrm{F}\,}}(X)$$

F

(
X
)

weakly generated by a set X of elements such that all other regular semigroups weakly generated by X are homomorphic images of $${{\,\textrm{F}\,}}(X)$$

F

(
X
)

. The semigroup $${{\,\textrm{F}\,}}(X)$$

F

(
X
)

is introduced by a presentation and the word problem for that presentation is solved. The structure of the semigroup $${{\,\textrm{F}\,}}(X)$$

F

(
X
)

is also studied.
Collapse of Inelastic Hard Spheres in Dimension $$d \ge 2$$
Authors: Dolmaire Théophile , Velázquez Juan J. L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study the collapse of three inelastic particles in dimension $$d \ge 2$$

d
≥
2

. We obtain general results of convergence and asymptotics concerning the variables of the dynamical system describing a collapsing system of particles. We prove a complete classification of the singularities when a collapse of three particles takes place, obtaining only two possible orders of collisions between the particles. In the first case, we recover that the particles arrange in a nearly linear chain, already studied by Zhou and Kadanoff, and in the second case, we obtain that the particles arrange in an equilateral triangle, and we show that, after sufficiently many collisions, the particles collide according to a unique order of collisions, which is periodic. Finally, we construct an initial configuration leading to a nearly linear collapse, stable under perturbations, and such that the angle between the particles at the time of collapse can be chosen a priori, with an arbitrary precision.
Dexamethasone is non-inferior to antihistamine plus dexamethasone premedication in preventing ramucirumab plus nab-paclitaxel infusion-related reactions in gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Negoro Yutaka , Maeda Taichi , Igarashi Hiroyuki , Shigemori Mina , Tanaka Toshihiro , Ito Yukio , Tanizawa Norihiko , Nishikawa Shota , Ogawa Jyunya , Kamitani Yukio , Watanabe Kyohei , Tsukamoto Hitoshi , Goto Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Ramucirumab (RAM) is recommended as premedication with H1-receptor antagonists (H1RA) to prevent infusion-related reactions (IRRs). However, RAM is a human antibody with a low incidence of IRRs. We evaluated the noninferiority of non-H1RA (dexamethasone [DEX] alone) premedication to H1RA (plus DEX) premedication in terms of IRRs in patients with gastric cancer receiving RAM plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX).

Methods
This was a noninferiority, multicenter, retrospective trial conducted in three Japanese centers to assess the incidence of IRRs in patients receiving RAM plus nab-PTX for gastric cancer between 2018 and 2023. Patients with gastric cancer receiving RAM plus nab-PTX were divided into groups with and without H1RA premedication. The incidence of IRRs was compared between the two groups.

Results
Ninety patients were evaluated, with non-H1RA and H1RA premedications in 43 and 47 cases, respectively. After the first dose of RAM, IRRs were not observed in either group. IRRs during the overall doses were 0% for non-H1RA premedication and 2.1% for H1RA premedication (90% confidence interval (CI): –5.6%–1.3% for each comparison). The upper limit of the 90% CI (1.3%) did not exceed the noninferiority margin (Δ) of + 10% and therefore met the noninferiority criteria.

Conclusion
RAM plus nab-PTX for gastric cancer with DEX premedication may be possible without H1RA premedication.
Several epidemic and multiple sporadic genotypes of OXA-244-producing Escherichia coli in Poland; predominance of the ST38 clone
Authors: Biedrzycka Marta , Izdebski Radosław , Gniadkowski Marek , Żabicka Dorota 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOXA-244-producing Escherichia coli (OXA-244-Ec) has disseminated in Europe, mostly in the community. In Poland it has spread since 2017, especially in 2023, but in contrast to other countries, all isolates have been identified in hospitals so far. The isolates (n = 101) represented one large and two limited outbreaks in different regions, and multiple epidemiologically and genetically non-related organisms. The OXA-244-Ec population consisted of 14 STs, with ST38 dominating. The ST38 isolates belonged to two major lineages, Clusters A and B, responsible for two of the hospital outbreaks. Enhanced concern and vigilance are necessary in the OXA-244-Ec surveillance.
Not ready in the ways that count– a qualitative exploration of junior doctor’s perceived preparedness for practice using Legitimation Code Theory
Authors: Pattinson Stuart Redvers , Savelberg Hans , Atherley Anique 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite demonstrating the required competencies to graduate, many newly qualified doctors find the transition to internship difficult. There is a concern over whether their preparation is aligned with the expectations of the role. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the competencies needed for legitimate practice as junior doctors and explores their perceived preparedness for practice. A qualitative, descriptive study using focus groups was undertaken with first year internship doctors. Thirty-two junior doctors in their first year of internship took part in five focus groups. The data were analysed using a reflective thematic analysis approach with a subsequent analysis using the Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) specialisation dimension coding framework to aid interpretation. Personal attributes including adaptability, organisation and proactivity form the basis of achievement in internship. While graduates felt ready in some ways, it was not in the ways that counted. Participants felt well prepared in terms of their clinical knowledge and skills, but legitimacy came from being able to take responsibility, communicate effectively and apply knowledge confidently and efficiently to all aspects of patient care, something that they did not feel ready to do. Using LCT has revealed a shift in the basis of achievement between medical school, where individual academic performance is rewarded, and internship, where personal and social competencies are legitimised. There is a clash between what graduates feel well prepared for and the expectations and demands of the internship role, resulting in a difficult and stressful transition from student to doctor.
A tutorial review on solid oxide fuel cells: fundamentals, materials, and applications
Authors: Sikstrom Daniel , Thangadurai Venkataraman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are recognized as a clean energy source that, unlike internal combustion engines, produces no CO2 during operation when H2 is used as a fuel. They use a highly efficient chemical-to-electrical energy conversion process to convert oxygen and hydrogen into electricity and water. They can provide smaller-scale power for transportation (e.g., cars, buses, and ships) and be scaled up to provide long-term energy for an electrical grid, making SOFCs a promising, clean alternative to hydrocarbon combustion. Conventional SOFCs faced challenges of high operating temperatures, high cost, and poor durability. Research into advanced cathode, anode, electrolyte, and interconnect materials is providing more insight into the ideal structural and chemical properties that enable the commercialization of highly stable and efficient intermediate temperature (IT) SOFCs. In this paper, we discuss the functional properties of the cathode, anode, electrolyte, and interconnectors for IT-SOFCs. The performance of SOFCs depends not only on the materials used but also on the optimization of operating conditions to maximize efficiency. The voltaic, thermodynamic, and fuel efficiency of SOFCs is presented.
Refining of Secondary Pb with Retention of Sn Using Al and Ca Additions
Authors: Malecha Daniel , Świec Paweł , Albrecht Robert , Jarosz Piotr , Małecki Stanisław 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lead grid from spent lead-acid batteries contains significant amounts of tin and antimony. In classical pyro-refining processes of lead, tin oxidizes and is transferred to dross, making its recovery problematic and expensive. This paper presents an innovative method of pyro-refining lead using metallic aluminum and calcium to purify the lead from contaminants while retaining a higher amount of tin than in the traditional process. The changes in the chemical composition of an impure lead alloy containing tin, under the influence of refining by adding Al and/or Ca, are discussed based on laboratory-scale studies. Microanalysis of the metallic dross formed during the process was conducted. Analyses of the metallic dross microstructures showed that lead impurities, such as Sb, As, Cu, Se, and Te, tend to accumulate in areas containing Al or Ca. The amount and form of dross produced in industrial practice indicate that its removal would be challenging. Therefore, in the second part of the study, the metallic dross was subjected to a reduction process, and the resulting products were analyzed for their chemical and phase composition. The analyses indicate that the degree of impurities return to the lead during reduction varied significantly depending on the method used.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Parents: A Systematic Review of Target Groups, Effects, and Intervention Features
Authors: Caetano Bárbara , Chorão Ana , Alves Stephanie , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Pires Raquel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have shown effectiveness in promoting parents’ and children’s well-being. The development of MBIs for parents has been growing worldwide, but varied curricula and overlapping contexts make it hard to grasp their core features. The aim of this study was to synthesize and summarize the target groups, effects, dissemination, format, and content features of MBIs for parents.

Method
A literature search for peer-reviewed articles published before December 2023 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science following PRISMA guidelines. A quality appraisal was conducted for each included study. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MBIs for parents were included.

Results
After the eligibility assessment, 20 RCTs were identified. Most studies included only mothers and non-clinical target groups for both parents and children. Most of the interventions were derived from mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Several interventions demonstrated some evidence of effectiveness in reducing parenting stress. The majority of the interventions were delivered in a face-to-face format, and the length varied between four and nine sessions. Activities most commonly used were psychoeducation, group discussion, imagination exercises, and mindful parenting exercises.

Conclusions
The interventions included a variety of types of dissemination, format, and content, and various curricula applied to the same target groups. Mapping the target groups and the intervention features can help to develop more homogeneous and effective interventions that can be applied to other target groups for which MBIs have not yet been developed or adapted.

Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
Prevalence of Distant Metastases in High-Risk Operable Breast Cancer (HROBC) pT1-2 N2a or Higher at Diagnosis
Authors: Parmar Vani , AN Naveena Kumar , Nair Nita S. , Joshi Shalaka , Thakkar Purvi , Chitkara Garvit , Ali Basila , Gaikwad Varsha , Siddique Shabina , Vanmali Vaibhav , Popat Palak , Shah Sneha , Desai Sangeeta , Shet Tanuja , Thakur Meenakshi , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Badwe Rajendra Achyut 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrent standard guidelines do not recommend a routine staging workup in early operable breast cancer (OBC) as the incidence of de novo metastasis is only 1–2%. Some of these patients are at high risk for relapse based on the higher axillary nodal burden. This prospective study evaluated the presence of de novo asymptomatic distant metastases in HROBC with pT1/2 N2a/N3 on upfront surgery. A single-centre study was carried out in upfront operated OBC patients with four or more axillary nodes positive after definitive surgery. Comprehensive metastatic workup was carried out, including an ultrasound abdomen, bone scan, and CT scan (thorax-abdomen-pelvis) or PET scan before initiating adjuvant treatment. If a distant disease was detected, the adjuvant treatment intent was tailored accordingly. The study accrued a prospective consecutive cohort of 97 women with pT1-2 N2a-3 during 2015–2018 operated upfront for OBC with cT1-2 N0-1. Forty percent of women were premenopausal, 54 (55.6%) had pN2a, and 43 (44.3%) had pN3 disease. Distant disease was seen in 8 of 97 women (8.24%) of these high-risk early cancers, 5 had oligometastatic denovo disease (5.15%), and 3 had polymetastatic (3.09%). Between the 2 groups, the pickup rate of distant disease was higher in pN3 (11.4%) as against pN2a (5.6%), p = NS. Only 3.09% of patients with extensive metastases were treated with palliative intent. The study shows potential to optimize the management of HROBC with heavy nodal disease identified post-primary surgery by selective staging investigations, adequate resource stratification, and thereby improved management, including modifying treatment plans early.
Multi-Modal Contextualization of Trajectory Data for Advanced Analysis
Authors: Walther Paul , Deuser Fabian , Werner Martin 
Published: October 2024

SummaryRising amounts of generated geospatial data, either trajectory-like tracking data, raster-like imagery, or vector-like mappings as in OpenStreetMap (OSM), grow the need for multi-modal algorithmic analysis. Existing machine-learning-based algorithms contradictly mainly focus on image and textual input representations and cannot deal with other modes of geospatial data. Therefore, we propose a novel method to contextualize vector-like trajectory data with surrounding data to create easy-to-be-analyzed image-like representations. Our approach includes the proposition of a chase-cam-like scanline over space according to the trajectory’s speed and possibly smoothed orientation. Thereby, surrounding pixels in the vicinity of the trajectory points are accumulated along the scanline and are combined into a visual representation of the trajectory. To show the potential effects of our work, we predict traffic regulations for trajectory sections in the vehicle speed dataset based on our proposed trajectory-based sampling of orthophotos in the same region. This proposes a new way of using multi-modal data sources (trajectories and airborne imagery) to extract road metadata.
Motif discovery in hospital ward vital signs observation networks
Authors: Ironside-Smith Rupert , Noë Beryl , Allen Stuart M. , Costello Shannon , Turner Liam D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVital signs observations are regular measurements used by healthcare staff to track a patient’s overall health status on hospital wards. We look at the potential in re-purposing aggregated and anonymised hospital data sources surrounding vital signs recording to provide new insights into how care is managed and delivered on wards. In this paper, we conduct a retrospective longitudinal observational study of 770,720 individual vital signs recordings across 20 hospital wards in South Wales (UK) and present a network modelling framework to explore and extract behavioural patterns via analysis of the resulting network structures at a global and local level. Self-loop edges, dyad, triad, and tetrad subgraphs were extracted and evaluated against a null model to determine individual statistical significance, and then combined into ward-level feature vectors to provide the means for determining notable behaviours across wards. Modelling data as a static network, by aggregating all vital sign observation data points, resulted in high uniformity but with the loss of important information which was better captured when modelling the static-temporal network, highlighting time’s crucial role as a network element. Wards mostly followed expected patterns, with chains or stand-alone supplementary observations by clinical staff. However, observation sequences that deviate from this are revealed in five identified motif subgraphs and 6 anti-motif subgraphs. External ward characteristics also showed minimal impact on the relative abundance of subgraphs, indicating a ‘superfamily’ phenomena that has been similarly seen in complex networks in other domains. Overall, the results show that network modelling effectively captured and exposed behaviours within vital signs observation data, and demonstrated uniformity across hospital wards in managing this practice.
Purification effect of pyrolyzed filler on the flammability of polylactide matrix
Authors: Majka Tomasz M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Research efforts are underway around the world to develop efficient recycling of the continuous phase of polymer composites toward reuse. It has already been demonstrated that pyrolyzed filler (PF) can be successfully used as a flame retardant for synthetic polyesters, including recycled ones. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to test the effect of PF on the flammability and thermal properties of the biopolyester phase. For this purpose, the pyrolysis technique was used, which yields a valuable solid phase in addition to the gas and liquid phases. To effectively give it a second life, a proprietary method of modifying the filler recovered by pyrolysis was developed to effectively separate and remove an organic part in the form of a layer of amorphous carbon (a-C), which acts as a universal sorbent. For this purpose, the a-C phase was extracted using binary solvent and replaced it using three types of salts: ammonium salt of benzyl phosphite, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIC), and methyldodecylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (BMAC). Using a high-temperature processing technique, polylactide composites containing 5% (by weight) additive were obtained. The results of thermal (TGA, DSC) and flammability (PCFC, UL94, LOI) analysis studies show that the use of BMIC and BMAC salts for the intended purpose is particularly promising. The thermal stability of PLA composites containing SF-BMIC and SF-BMAC increased by 30 K and the flammability decreased by 23%. These promising results have opened up new avenues of research toward the synthesis of bio-flame retardants dedicated specifically to polylactide.

Graphical abstract
Successful therapy of a newborn with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia nosocomial pneumonia with cefiderocol
Authors: Trauth Janina , Schuler Rahel , Waitz Markus , Ehrhardt Harald , Fritzenwanker Moritz , Herold Susanne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cefiderocol is a new siderophore-beta-lactam antibiotic used for the treatment of severe multidrug-resistant infections like sepsis, hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults, but there are only single reports on its use in the neonatal population. We describe the successful cefiderocol treatment of a newborn with pneumogenic sepsis due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.