bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kuprian on Motor and Cognitive Functions in a Traumatic Brain Injury Mice Model
Authors: Park Jihye , Kim Jang-Hoon , Bae Jinhyun , Lee Seogyeong , Lim Yunseo , Lee Beom-Joon , Park Jae-Woo , Ko Seok-Jae , Lee Kyungjin , Bu Youngmin 
Published: October 2024

Background Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kuprian (GL) is primarily used to treat urinary tract infections and traumatic injuries in traditional medicine in East Asia. Various components of GL are reported to show beneficial activities on brain diseases, including cerebral infarction and brain trauma. We hypothesized that GL extract may potentially have a beneficial effect against traumatic brain injury (TBI) animal model. Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of GL extract on TBI mouse model. Materials and Methods The water extract of GL (GLDW) was obtained by boiling with water. The TBI model was established using ICR mice with controlled cortical impact injury. The experimental groups were divided into sham, control, and three GLDW groups (30–300 mg/kg p.o.). Brain damage, neuronal density, and activated microglial density were evaluated. Motor functional deficits were evaluated using Rotarod test and Balance beam test, and cognitive functional deficits were done using novel object recognition (NOR) test and Y-maze test. Result Oral administration of GLDW did not reduce brain damage or neuronal death. However, it improved motor and cognitive functions in a dose-dependent manner in both motor tests and NOR test except Y-maze test. Conclusion GLDW can improve the impairment of motor and cognitive functions induced by TBI, but it does not have a protective effect against brain damage and neuronal death. Further studies are necessary in order to investigate the mechanisms GLDW’s functional recovery effect on TBI.
‘Facilitators and barriers to recruitment in mental health research: A survey of psychiatrists and psychiatry registrars in training’
Authors: Christodoulou Vicki , Liu Dennis , Esterman Adrian , Galletly Cherrie 
Published: October 2024

Objective To explore the attitudes of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) consultants and registrars towards recruitment of patients in mental health research. Specifically, we aimed to measure potential barriers and facilitators for recruitment and comment on strategies for improvement. Method A survey was distributed to 287 consultant and trainee psychiatrists working across South Australian public mental health services. The survey was hosted via SurveyMonkey and ran for 5 weeks from April to June 2023. Participant’s attitudes were recorded through use of Likert scale, yes/no and free-text response. Results In total, 88 responses were collected, corresponding to a 30.7% response rate. Participants were interested in mental health research, with 90.7% reading articles and 61.4% reporting personal research engagement. The factors that rated most highly as recruitment barriers were unawareness of current studies, competing clinical demands and not prioritising recruitment. Factors felt most strongly to facilitate recruitment included the presence of an onsite research assistant and the clinician viewing the trial as clinically relevant. Conclusions While attitudes towards research were generally positive, many barriers to recruitment were identified. Increased advertising of current studies, presence of an onsite research assistant and reduction in clinicians’ workload are likely to improve clinicians’ capacity to recruit.
Bridging Gaps in Health Literacy for Cleft Lip and Palate: The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Educational Materials
Authors: Shehab Abdallah A. , Shedd Katie E. , Alamah Waleed , Mardini Samir , Bite Uldis , Gibreel Waleed 
Published: October 2024

Objective Our goal is to address the health literacy gap concerning cleft lip and palate using artificial intelligence (AI), specifically OpenAI's ChatGPT-4, to enhance the readability of patient educational materials (PEMs). Additionally, we aim to explore the integration of interactive educational materials into these resources. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting Websites of craniofacial teams approved by the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA). Patients/Participants PEMs collected from these websites. Interventions First, we examined the PEMs for interactive educational content such as videos, photos, case examples, and audio clips. Subsequently, we used the WebFX online readability calculator and Grammarly to evaluate the texts’ readability and clarity. After that, we used ChatGPT-4 to simplify the PEM texts to a 6th-grade reading level and re-evaluated their readability and clarity. Main Outcome Measure(s) Readability levels (grade level) and clarity scores of PEMs before and after AI modification, and the presence of interactive educational content. Results Initial evaluations using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level formula showed that the texts were written at a median 9th-grade reading level. Modifications using ChatGPT-4 significantly improved readability, achieving a median 6th-grade level and enhanced clarity. Only 27% of the websites featured interactive educational content, indicating a gap in utilizing educational enhancements. Conclusion The use of AI improved the readability and clarity of patient educational materials, aligning with recommended standards. However, the underutilization of interactive tools suggests a need for broader integration of these resources to optimize patient education and engagement.
Progressive First Metatarsal Shortening Is Observed Following Dermal Allograft Interpositional Arthroplasty in Hallux Rigidus: Short Report
Authors: Fayed Aly Maher , Jones Matthew , Carvalho Kepler Alencar Mendes de , Luo Emily , Acker Antoine , Barbachan Mansur Nacime Salomão , de Cesar Netto Cesar 
Published: October 2024

Background: The main goal of this study was to evaluate postoperative changes in the length of the first metatarsal (M1) and the proximal phalanx of the hallux (P1) after acellular dermal allograft interpositional arthroplasty (ADA-IPA). We hypothesized that there would be a shortening of the first ray at the first metatarsal, the proximal phalanx, or both. Methods: In this retrospective study, we assessed patients who underwent ADA-IPA between 2019 and 2022. On standing anteroposterior (AP) foot radiographs, we measured first metatarsal (M1), second metatarsal (M2), proximal phalanx (P1), and the entire hallux (HX) lengths. M1/M2 and P1/HX ratios were calculated. The first metatarsophalangeal joint space was calculated. All measurements were recorded preoperatively, at 6 weeks postoperatively, and at final follow-up. Results: The pilot study included 11 patients. At final follow-up, we found shortening of M1 and P1 in comparison to the preoperative length, as evidenced by lower M1/M2 (82.6 ± 2.3 vs 75.4 ± 5.1; P = .001) and P1/HX ratios (53.4 ± 2.3 vs 48.9 ± 7.9; P = .001). Follow-up length was negatively correlated with M1/M2 ( r = −0.76, P = .003). Conclusion: ADA-IPA might be associated with shortening of both first metatarsal and proximal phalanx, with the former showing progressive shortening.
Potential Beneficial Effects of Crab-Flavored Seafood Intake in Young Rats
Authors: Kadokura Kazunari , Tomita Tsuyoshi , Suruga Kohei 
Published: October 2024

Background:Crab-flavored seafood is a well-known traditional Japanese product that is sold as “imitation crab” worldwide. Although it is a low-cost, low-fat, high-protein food, there are few data on its potential health benefits. Here, we have assessed the effects of crab-flavored seafood consumption on organ weight and serum biomarkers levels in rats.Methods:Sprague–Dawley rats (male; aged 6 weeks) were fed a normal diet (n = 8) or a normal diet with 5% dried crab-flavored seafood (n = 8) for 84 days. Food intake and overall body weight were measured every week; organ weight and blood biochemistry were evaluated at the end of the administration period.Results:After 84 days, there were no significant differences in food intake, overall body weight, or organ weight between the 2 groups; however, the muscle weight of rats fed crab-flavored seafood tended to be higher than that of rats fed the normal diet. Several serum biomarkers did not differ between the 2 groups, but serum high-density lipoprotein, total bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin levels were significantly raised in rats fed crab-flavored seafood. Moreover, blood urea nitrogen was significantly lower, and some liver function parameters tended to be lower in rats fed crab-flavored seafood.Conclusions:Consumption of crab-flavored seafood may be effective for promoting muscle protein synthesis and improving serum biomarkers associated with disorders such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. Thus, crab-flavored seafood may have application as a functional food for the global management of human health.
Autistic people differ from non-autistic people subjectively, but not objectively in their reasoning
Authors: Bastan Elif , Beck Sarah R , Surtees Andrew DR 
Published: October 2024

Autism has been linked to difficulties within the social domain and quick decision-making. The Dual Process Theory of Autism proposes that autistic people, compared to non-autistic people, tend to prefer and perform in a more deliberative and less intuitive reasoning style, suggesting enhanced rationality in autism. However, this theory has not been systematically explored across social and non-social domains. In total, 24 autistic adults and 24 age-, gender- and non-verbal cognitive ability–matched non-autistic counterparts completed subjective and objective measures of reasoning. A scenario-based comparison task was employed, covering both social and non-social domains, to assess whether participants consistently used the same strategy across domains or alternated between strategies for their forced-choice judgements. On a subjective measure of reasoning, compared to their counterparts, autistic participants self-reported lower intuition. However, there was an opposite pattern on an objective measure, in that autistic participants responded more intuitively. No significant group differences were identified between autistic and non-autistic participants on self-reported deliberation, objectively measured reflectiveness or forced-choice moral judgements across social and non-social domains. There might be a discrepancy among autistic people for their subjective preferences and objective performances in reasoning, decision-making and judgements. Lay Abstract Autistic people often experience challenges in social contexts, and when decisions need to be made quickly. There is evidence showing that autistic people have a tendency for greater deliberation and lower intuition, compared to non-autistic people. This has led to the researchers’ proposal that autism is associated with an enhanced level of rationality. However, these theories have been mostly explored through the lens of either only non-social domain or only social domain. To address this gap, we recruited autistic adults and carefully matched them with non-autistic adults for comparison. We used a task representing both social and non-social interactions in a comparison structure and asked participants’ moral judgements on scenarios’ main characters. This was complemented by subjective and objective measures of reasoning. Our findings did not reveal meaningful differences between groups in terms of deliberation. However, we did observe that autistic participants self-reported lower levels of intuition, compared to non-autistic participants. Autistic people consistently rate themselves as less intuitive than their counterparts. Nevertheless, objective evidence supporting this across tasks and studies is inconsistent.
Characterization of structure and properties of dark color polyester FDY with varied linear density
Authors: Yao Li , Han Wu , Zhaoqun Du , Taohai Yan , Zhi Chen 
Published: October 2024

Linear density, as an important index of industrial filament production, has a vital impact on the performance of filament products, but there are few relevant studies. In order to further investigate the effect of the change of linear density on the performance of polyester filament in the process of industrial filament production. By replacing different spinnerets, five kinds of polyester full-stretch filament with different linear densities were prepared and named FDY. By testing and analyzing five kinds of polyester FDY filament, the differences in structure and properties of five kinds of FDY filament are discussed. The morphology, molecular structure, thermal and mechanical properties of five kinds of polyester FDY filaments were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, filament color and mechanical properties. The results show that the molecular structure, crystallinity and orientation of polyester FDY filament are not affected by changing the linear density by changing the spinneret. In terms of heat, the melting point temperature and enthalpy of polyester FDY filament increase as linear density increases. In terms of optics, the lower the linear density of FDY, the lower the reflectivity of FDY. As the wavelength increases, the reflection of FDY decreases first and then increases. The reflectance is minimal when the wavelength is 670 nm. In terms of mechanical properties, the breaking strength and elongation at break of polyester FDY decrease with the decrease of linear density. In this study, it is found that changing the linear density by changing the spinneret has specific effects on the performance of polyester filament in various aspects, which has guiding significance for the analysis of influencing factors on the performance of industrial filament in the process of industrial production.
Crafting and Authenticating Prognostic Nomograms for Overall and Cancer-specific Survival in Pediatric Small Renal Masses: A Comprehensive Two-Decade Cohort Study
Authors: Kong Jianqiu , Zou Yitong , Huang Yi , Yao Yuhui , Gan Qinghua , Chen Zhijian , Xie Weibin , Fan Xinxiang 
Published: October 2024

Background The intricate task of diagnosing and managing small renal masses (SRMs) has become progressively convoluted within the realm of clinical practice. Contemporary clinical prediction instruments may succumb to a gradual decay in precision, coupled with an absence of unambiguous guidelines to navigate patient management. Methods This investigation was devised to formulate and authenticate nomograms for the overall survival (OS) and cancer- specific survival (CSS) among patients afflicted with SRMs. The study encompassed a cohort of 2558 pediatric patients diagnosed with SRMs over the period of 2000 to 2019. Independent prognostic indicators for OS and CSS, encompassing historical staging, chemotherapy regimens, surgical interventions, and pathological classifications, were ascertained through the employment of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and backward stepwise selection. Results Through the utilization of multivariate Cox regression models, nomograms for OS and CSS were meticulously crafted, demonstrating commendable discrimination and calibration within the training set (OS C-index: 0.762, CSS C-index: 0.779). The validation set further corroborated the exemplary discrimination and calibration of the nomograms. Moreover, these nomograms adeptly differentiated between patient groups at elevated and diminished risk levels. Conclusion The nomograms delineated in this research provide propitious predictive accuracy for overall survival and cancer-specific survival in patients suffering from pediatric SRMs, thereby contributing to refined risk stratification and steering the optimal therapeutic course of action. The necessity for supplementary validation prevails before the translation of these findings into clinical practice.
Outcomes of open reduction for hip dislocations in children with connective tissue disorders*
Authors: Desai Vineet M , DeFrancesco Christopher J , Cardin Stefano , Hall Carter E , Sankar Wudbhav N 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: While children with hypermobility and/or ligamentous laxity due to coexisting connective tissue disorders might be expected to have worse outcomes after open reduction for hip dislocations, there is minimal prior research on this topic. Methods: All open reduction surgeries for hip dislocations performed at a single urban, tertiary-care children’s hospital from 2009 to 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. Those with connective tissue disorders secondary to a diagnosed syndrome or genetic disorder were included. Patients with <1 year of follow-up or hip instability in the setting of Trisomy 21 were excluded. Clinical and radiographic data was collected. Instances of re-dislocation, proximal femoral growth disturbance, residual acetabular dysplasia, and arthrofibrosis were recorded. Results: Twenty-three hips (15 patients) were included. Mean age at the time of surgery was 19.6 months (Range: 8.2–36.0 months), and mean follow-up was 4.3 years. The most common connective tissue disorder condition included was Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (13%). A majority of open reductions were performed via an anterior approach (96%). Seven hips (30%) underwent a concomitant pelvic osteotomy without femoral osteotomy and seven hips (30%) underwent both pelvic and femoral osteotomies. Twenty-two hips (96%) were International Hip Dysplasia Institute grade 1 at the final follow-up. Re-dislocation occurred in four hips (17%); eight hips (35%) demonstrated residual acetabular dysplasia, five hips (22%) demonstrated proximal femoral growth disturbance, and nine hips (39%) developed stiffness postoperatively. Conclusions: Patients with connective tissue disorders and ligamentous laxity have comparable rates of residual acetabular dysplasia, proximal femoral growth disturbance, and (surprisingly) stiffness as typical developmental dysplasia of the hip following open hip reduction surgery. Although the re-dislocation rate in the connective tissue disorders group was approximately 2–3 times higher, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Given that the study was limited by a low sample size, however, it is possible that the findings of no difference in residual acetabular dysplasia and proximal femoral growth disturbance were potentially due to a lack of power. Level of evidence: IV.
Measurement of salivary thyroid hormones using the LC-MS/MS technique in a clinical setting
Authors: Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia , Glinicki Piotr , Nijakowski Kacper , Bromińska Barbara , Ostrowska Magdalena , Szatko Alicja , Sobol Zuzanna , Kowalski Konrad , Wilk Paweł , Zgliczyński Wojciech , Ruchała Marek 
Published: October 2024

Background: Saliva could be an attractive alternative to blood for assessing thyroid hormonal function. Objectives: Our goal was to determine if the levels of thyroid hormones in saliva can accurately reflect a person’s thyroid status and if they consistently correlate with the levels of the same hormones in the blood. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study. Methods: We enrolled a total of 109 participants with different thyroid conditions. We measured TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone), free T3 (fT3), and free T4 (fT4) in the blood using two different immunoassay methods: electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Saliva samples were collected using Salivette® tubes, and then we analyzed the levels of thyroid hormones in the saliva using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Comparing salivary and serum levels of thyroid hormones, we observed significantly lower fT4 and higher fT3 levels in saliva ( p < 0.001), regardless of the measurement method. We also found that salivary fT3 and fT4 levels were positively correlated in the entire group of participants ( p < 0.001, R 0.575), as well as in those with TSH values within the normal reference range ( p < 0.001, R 0.570). We further divided participants based on their TSH reference intervals and assessed the correlations between serum and salivary thyroid hormones within these groups. We also discovered that taking exogenous levothyroxine influenced the correlations between serum and salivary thyroid hormones. Thyroid antibodies did not have a significant impact on the levels of thyroid hormones in both serum and saliva. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that salivary thyroid hormones can partially reflect the levels of these hormones in the blood. Saliva may be a useful tool in a clinical setting for patients with thyroid antibodies, but it may not be as effective for those who are taking levothyroxine as a treatment.
Prevalence and factors associated with surgical site infections among mothers after cesarean section at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: an observational retrospective study
Authors: Mwandah Daniel Chans , Yadesa Tadele Mekuriya , Ibanda Ivan , Komakech Aboda Alex , Kyambadde Deo , Ngonzi Joseph 
Published: October 2024

Background: The risk of infection following cesarean delivery is 5–20 times higher than that following normal delivery, contributing to 10% of pregnancy-related mortality. In 2019, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) performed cesarean section for 40% of deliveries, surpassing the WHO’s recommended 15%–20%. The availability and provision of effective prophylactic antibiotics are crucial in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs). Objectives: To determine the prevalence and predictors of SSIs among mothers after cesarean section, length of hospital stay, and antibiotic use at MRRH. Design: This was an observational retrospective study conducted in the maternity ward of the MRRH. Methods: Data on the diagnosis of SSI, length of hospital stay, and antibiotic use were extracted and entered into EpiData software version 3.1 and analyzed using STATA version 15. We conducted logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with SSIs. We also compared the length of hospital stay. Results: The prevalence of post-cesarean SSIs was 7.9% (95% CI: 6.3%–9.9%). Mothers aged 25 years and younger were less likely to develop SSIs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30–0.93; p = 0.027). Those with more than six pregnancies were more likely to develop SSIs (aOR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.35–8.58; p = 0.009). The median length of stay was 8 days for mothers who developed an SSI (interquartile range (IQR): 5, 16) and 3 (IQR: 3, 4) days for those who did not ( p < 0.001). Prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed to 83.4% of the women (95% CI: 80.7–85.8). Ampicillin (88.2%) was the most prescribed prophylactic antibiotic, and metronidazole was the most prescribed postoperatively (97.8%) and at discharge (77.6%). Conclusion: The current prevalence of post-cesarean SSIs is higher in Uganda than in developed countries. Older age and having had more than six pregnancies are independent predictors of SSIs, and post-cesarean SSI significantly prolonged hospital stay.