bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiesel and poly‐unsaturated fatty acids production from algae and crop plants – a rapid and comprehensive workflow for lipid analysis
Authors: Furuhashi Takeshi , Nakamura Takemichi , Fragner Lena , Roustan Valentin , Schön Verena , Weckwerth Wolfram 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME) by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) is a widely used technique in biodiesel/bioproduct (e.g. poly‐unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA) research but typically does not allow distinguishing between bound and free fatty acids. To understand and optimize biosynthetic pathways, however, the origin of the fatty acid is an important information. Furthermore the annotation of PUFAs is compromised in classical GC‐EI‐MS because the precursor molecular ion is missing. In the present protocol an alkaline methyl esterification step with TMS derivatization enabling the simultaneous analysis of bound and free fatty acids but also further lipids such as sterols in one GC‐MS chromatogram is combined. This protocol is applied to different lipid extracts from single cell algae to higher plants: Chlorella vulgaris, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Coffea arabica, Pisum sativum and Cuscuta japonica. Further, field ionization (GC‐FI‐MS) is introduced for a better annotation of fatty acids and exact determination of the number of double bonds in PUFAs. The proposed workflow provides a convenient strategy to analyze algae and other plant crop systems with respect to their capacity for third generation biodiesel and high‐quality bioproducts for nutrition such as PUFAs.
Sulfoxide‐Chelated Ruthenium Benzylidene Catalyst: a Synthetic Study on the Utility of Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Żukowska Karolina , Pączek Łukasz , Grela Karol 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe provide an experimental summary of selected advances in olefin metathesis methodology that were reported over the past decades. A stable and universal sulfoxide‐chelated ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst [RuCl2(SIMes)(=CH−C6H4−S(O)Ph)], SIMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene, was introduced and its application profile was studied in detail. A range of model substrates of natural origin was developed and successfully metathesized with variants of the reaction, such as ene–yne, cross, or ring‐closing metathesis. All reported reactions were performed in non‐pretreated solvents and in air to demonstrate the user‐friendliness of the system. Besides the great functional group tolerance exhibited by the reported complex, its compatibility with multiple solvents was determined along with its air and moisture stability. Additionally, an interesting effect increasing the reaction efficiency was observed, if reactions were performed at temperatures around the solvent boiling point.
Singlet Oxygen Attack on Guanine: Reactivity and Structural Signature within the B‐DNA Helix
Authors: Dumont Elise , Grüber Raymond , Bignon Emmanuelle , Morell Christophe , Aranda Juan , Ravanat Jean‐Luc , Tuñón Iñaki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOxidatively generated DNA lesions are numerous and versatile, and have been the subject of intensive research since the discovery of 8‐oxoguanine in 1984. Even for this prototypical lesion, the precise mechanism of formation remains elusive due to the inherent difficulties in characterizing high‐energy intermediates. We have probed the stability of the guanine endoperoxide in B‐DNA as a key intermediate and determined a unique activation free energy of around 6 kcal mol−1 for the formation of the first C−O covalent bond upon the attack of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) on the central guanine of a solvated 13 base‐pair poly(dG‐dC), described by means of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations. The B‐helix remains stable upon oxidation in spite of the bulky character of the guanine endoperoxide. Our modeling study has revealed the nature of the versatile 1O2 attack in terms of free energy and shows a sensitivity to electrostatics and solvation as it involves a charge‐separated intermediate.
Deterministic and Stochastic Chiral Symmetry Breaking Exhibited by Racemic Aminomethylenehelicene Oligomers
Authors: Kushida Yo , Sawato Tsukasa , Shigeno Masanori , Saito Nozomi , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRacemic mixtures of aminomethylenehelicene (P)‐ and (M)‐pentamers exhibited deterministic and stochastic chiral symmetry breaking during hetero‐double‐helix formation and self‐assembly in solution. Heating a 50:50 mixture of (P)‐ and (M)‐pentamers at 90 °C, and then cooling the mixture to 70 °C resulted in hetero‐double‐helix formation; a Cotton effect with negative Δε at λ=315 nm appeared. Chiral self‐assembly occurred when the mixture was cooled to 25 °C. A strong tendency of deterministic chiral symmetry breaking appeared at the molecular and self‐assembled levels, which was indicated by the negative Δε at λ=315 nm that appeared in most cases in repeated experiments. Mixtures containing 60:40 and 40:60 (P)‐/(M)‐pentamers also self‐assembled with the same chirality. When a homo‐double‐helix (P)‐/(M)‐pentamer and a random coil (M)‐/(P)‐pentamer were mixed, the chiral self‐assembly formed stochastically, and heating and cooling resulted in deterministic chiral symmetry breaking.
Synthesis of Albicidin Derivatives: Assessing the Role of N‐terminal Acylation on the Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Kerwat Dennis , Grätz Stefan , Kretz Julian , Seidel Maria , Kunert Maria , Weston John B. , Süssmuth Roderich D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe peptide antibiotic albicidin, which is synthesized by the plant pathogenic bacterium, Xanthomonas albilineans, represents the most prominent member of a new class of antibacterial gyrase inhibitors. It shows remarkable antibacterial activities against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative microorganisms. Its unique structure potentially represents a new lead structure for the development of an antibacterial drug. Here we report the synthesis of 14 albicidin derivatives with structural variations at the N‐terminus, primarily investigating the effects of variation of cinnamoyl, phenylpropanoyl, and benzoyl residues. Gyrase inhibition in vitro and determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations were assessed in parallel. Activities in a nanomolar range and the importance of N‐acylation were demonstrated.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Chemically Reacting Mixtures and Their Kinetics: Example of a Mixture of Three Isomers
Authors: Pekař Miloslav 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThermodynamics provides consequences of and restrictions on chemically reacting mixtures, particularly their kinetics, which have not been fully explored. Herein, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis is illustrated for a reacting mixture of three isomers. The rate equation is first derived on the basis of the results of nonequilibrium continuum thermodynamics of linear fluids, and is then subjected to the requirement of consistency with entropic inequality (the second law). This consistency test involves the correct representation of the reaction rate as a function of affinities. It is shown that entropic inequality restricts the signs or values of coefficients in the constitutive equations for reaction rates/rate constants. The use of reverse rate constants and the identification of thermodynamic and kinetic equilibrium constants are not necessary in this approach. Although the presented thermodynamic analysis works only for independent reactions, the rates of dependent reactions are not excluded from having effects on kinetics. It is shown that the rates of dependent reactions are combined from the rates of independent reactions differently than dependent reactions are combined from independent reactions. The results are compared to the classical mass‐action rate equations, and new restrictions on the values of the classical rate constants are derived.
Luminescent Silver–Purine Double Helicate: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly and Antibacterial Action
Authors: Venkatesh V. , Kumaran M. D. Bala , Saravanan R. Kamal , Kalaichelvan P. T. , Verma Sandeep 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synthesis, self‐assembly and antibacterial activity of a luminescent silver–purine double helicate is reported. The structure of the newly synthesized silver‐supported helicate [C36H24N16O4Cl5Ag1] was unambiguously characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. It exhibited a bright bluish‐green emission (λmax=460 nm), when excited with 380 nm light. Microscopic investigations showed that the complex has a propensity to self‐assemble into nanospheres. The antibacterial activity of this silver‐containing helicate was studied against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values showed that the complex is very active against Gram‐negative bacteria. Further internalization of the silver complex into E. coli bacteria was mapped with the help of microscopic techniques. These results are significant as silver was recently found to enhance antibiotic action against Gram‐negative bacteria, raising hope in countering severe bacterial infections.
Predators suppress herbivore outbreaks and enhance plant recovery following hurricanes
Authors: Spiller David A. , Schoener Thomas W. , Piovia‐Scott Jonah 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnderstanding processes that may stabilize ecological systems confronted with rapidly changing environmental conditions is a key issue in ecology. We studied a system of highly fluctuating populations, the moth Achyra rantalis feeding on the plant Sesuvium portulacastrum in a group of small subtropical islands of the Bahamas. The plant is a prostrate inhabitant of shorelines, and consequently moths are highly vulnerable to being consumed by the ground‐foraging lizard Anolis sagrei. We measured the percent ground cover of Sesuvium and abundance of Achyra on 11 islands with lizards present and 21 islands without lizards annually for 10 consecutive years. Overall abundance of Achyra was 4.6 times higher on no‐lizard islands than on lizard islands. The percent cover of Sesuvium exhibited lower temporal variability on lizard islands when the study site was undisturbed by hurricanes, and higher recovery rate on lizard islands following hurricanes. We suggest that both of these stabilizing phenomena are linked to a trophic cascade in which predatory lizards control herbivore populations, thereby suppressing outbreaks and enhancing plant recovery following physical disturbance.
Copper Nanoparticle Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode for Electroanalysis of Adenine
Authors: Sharma Vimal Kumar , Trnkova Libuse 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA pencil graphite electrode (PeGE) modified with copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) was employed for sensitive electrochemical detection of adenine (Ade). The CuNPs were synthesized by the chemical reduction of copper (II) sulphate by borohydride in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and immobilized onto the electrode surface by means of physical adsorption. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results illustrate that the CuNP‐modified PeGE provides at least fivefold increase of Ade oxidation peaks compared to the bare PeGE. The detection limit in CV corresponds to value of 200 nM. The accumulation of Ade through the complex with Cu (I) allows us to introduce the novel biosensor for the determination not only of adenine but also purines capable to form analogical Cu (I) complexes.
Electrochemical Characterization of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Arrays Prepared by Hole‐mask Colloidal Lithography
Authors: Robinson Jendai E. , Heineman William R. , Sagle Laura B. , Meyyappan M. , Koehne Jessica E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNanoelectrode arrays consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers were prepared through plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and patterned using hole‐mask colloidal lithography (HCL), a simple fabrication method employed as a cost‐effective patterning alternative to the conventional electron beam lithography. The density of the carbon nanofibers was easily altered by changing the concentration of the polystyrene spheres employed in HCL. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to electrochemically characterize the arrays of different density. Results indicate that the density of the carbon nanofibers leads to differences in the macro/micro electroactive surface areas.
Electrode Modification Using Alkyne Manganese Phthalocyanine and Click Chemistry for Electrocatalysis
Authors: O'Donoghue Charles. S. J. N. , Fomo Gertrude , Nyokong Tebello 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work, azidobenzene diazonium salt is grafted onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) followed by clicking of manganese tetrahexynyl phthalocyanine for the electrocatalysis of hydrazine. The GCE was first grafted via the in situ diazotization of a diazonium salt, rendering the GCE surface layered with azide groups. From this point, the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction, catalyzed by a copper catalyst was utilized to ‘click’ the manganese tetrahexynyl phthalocyanine to the surface of the grafted GCE. This new platform was then characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on the cyclic voltammetry calibration curve of electrocatalysis for hydrazine, the clicked Mn phthalocyanine electrode proved to be an effective sensor with a sensitivity of 27.38 µA mM−1 and the limit of detection (LoD) of 15.4 pM which is a great improvement compared to other reported sensors for this analyte.
Clinical impact of early recovery of peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count after frontline autologous stem cell transplantation for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kim Yundeok , Kim Soo‐Jeong , Cheong June‐Won , Cho Hyunsoo , Chung Haerim , Lee Jung Yeon , Jang Ji Eun , Min Yoo Hong , Kim Jin Seok 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the clinical impact of an early recovery of posttransplant absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) on the outcome of frontline autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We reviewed 65 DLBCL patients who underwent frontline ASCT after primary chemotherapy based on cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut point (0.4 × 109/L) for an ALC at 15 days after ASCT (ALC‐15). Both event‐free survival and overall survival rates of the higher‐ALC‐15 group were significantly better than those of the lower‐ALC‐15 group (event‐free survival, P = .008; overall survival, P = .013). The infused CD34+ cell count was significantly associated with the recovery of ALC‐15 (>0.4 × 109/L) after ASCT (P = .028). A multivariate analysis confirmed that a higher infused CD34+ cell dose (>5.0 × 106 cells/kg) was an independent factor affecting an early recovery of ALC after ASCT (odds ratio, 4.145; 95% confidence interval, 1.106‐15.528; P = .035). In conclusion, an early recovery of ALC after ASCT can be regarded as a good prognostic marker in patients with DLBCL who have undergone frontline ASCT. We found that the infused CD34+ cell dose for ASCT was associated with the recovery of ALC.
A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and other supplements for the treatment of cachexia in cancer: a European Palliative Care Research Centre cachexia project
Authors: Mochamat  , Cuhls Henning , Marinova Milka , Kaasa Stein , Stieber Christiane , Conrad Rupert , Radbruch Lukas , Mücke Martin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe provide a systematic review to support the European Palliative Care Research Collaboration development of clinical guidelines for cancer patients suffering from cachexia. CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and a selection of cancer journals have been searched up until 15 April 2016. The systematic literature research yielded 4214 publications with 21 of these included in the final evaluation. Regarding minerals, our search identified only one study examining the use of magnesium with no effect on weight loss. As far as vitamins are concerned, vitamin E in combination with omega‐3 fatty acids displayed an effect on survival in a single study, vitamin D showed improvement of muscle weakness in prostate cancer patients, and vitamin C supplementation led to an improvement of various quality of life aspects in a sample with a variety of cancer diagnoses. For proteins, a combination therapy of β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB), arginine, and glutamine showed an increase in lean body mass after 4 weeks in a study of advanced solid tumour patients, whereas the same combination did not show a benefit on lean body mass in a large sample of advanced lung and other cancer patients after 8 weeks. L‐carnitine led to an increase of body mass index and an increase in overall survival in advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Adverse effects of food supplementation were rare and showed mild intensity. There is not enough solid evidence for the use of minerals, vitamins, proteins, or other supplements in cancer. No serious adverse effects have been reported with dietary supplementation.
Traumatic sternal segment dislocation in a 3‐year‐old girl: Sonographic findings
Authors: Murray Nicolas , Rypens Françoise , Trudel Jean‐Sébastien , Cantin Marie‐Andrée , Miron Marie‐Claude 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTSternal fractures are uncommon in the pediatric population, and sternal segment dislocations are even rarer with only a few cases reported in the literature. Most cases are secondary to direct trauma to the chest, but nontraumatic dislocations have been reported. The diagnosis can be difficult to establish with standard radiographs, while CT is not desirable in the pediatric population due to the associated irradiation. Ultrasound (US) can be used as the first‐line modality to evaluate the sternum. We report the US findings associated with a case of traumatic sternal segment dislocation in a 3‐year‐old girl. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:45–49, 2017
Maximizing retention in long‐term clinical trials of a weight loss agent: use of a dietitian support team
Authors: Delahanty L. M. , Riggs M. , Klioze S. S. , Chew R. D. , England R. D. , Digenio A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjectiveHigh‐attrition rates have been observed in long‐term clinical trials of weight loss agents. We evaluated the impact of an innovative retention programme on 1‐year retention.MethodsThree Phase 3 global multicentre clinical trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of a CB1 receptor antagonist in subjects with BMI ≥ or = 27 kg/m2. The impact of a multifaceted retention programme including a dietitian screening interview, a comprehensive culturally adapted lifestyle modification programme, and a dietitian support system to maximize lifestyle adherence, was evaluated in 4,410 subjects from four subpopulations (non‐US English‐speaking, non‐English‐speaking, US‐without dietitian screening and US‐with dietitian screening) comprising 208 centres from 15 countries.ResultsThe median proportion retained over the first year among subjects in three protocols was 82%. Non‐English‐speaking countries showed higher retention rates (89%) compared with the USA (73%) and non‐US English‐speaking (81%) countries. Within the USA, behavioural screening was associated with 29% reduction in dropout rate; for every five monthly teleconferences attended above 11, there was a 32% decrease in dropout rate.ConclusionsThis novel retention programme greatly improved upon reported retention rates of studies conducted with other weight loss agents in long‐term clinical trials. Its effectiveness should be confirmed in future trials.
Recruitment and Retention for a Weight Loss Maintenance Trial Involving Weight Loss Prior to Randomization
Authors: Voils C. I. , Grubber J. M. , McVay M. A. , Olsen M. K. , Bolton J. , Gierisch J. M. , Taylor S. S. , Maciejewski M. L. , Yancy W. S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveA weight loss maintenance trial involving weight loss prior to randomization is challenging to implement due to the potential for dropout and insufficient weight loss. We examined rates and correlates of non‐initiation, dropout, and insufficient weight loss during a weight loss maintenance trial.MethodsThe MAINTAIN trial involved a 16‐week weight loss program followed by randomization among participants losing at least 4 kg. Psychosocial measures were administered during a screening visit. Weight was obtained at the first group session and 16 weeks later to determine eligibility for randomization.ResultsOf 573 patients who screened as eligible, 69 failed to initiate the weight loss program. In adjusted analyses, failure to initiate was associated with lower age, lack of a support person, and less encouragement for making dietary changes. Among participants who initiated, 200 dropped out, 82 lost insufficient weight, and 222 lost sufficient weight for randomization. Compared to losing sufficient weight, dropping out was associated with younger age and tobacco use, whereas losing insufficient weight was associated with non‐White race and controlled motivation for physical activity.ConclusionsStudies should be conducted to evaluate strategies to maximize recruitment and retention of subgroups that are less likely to initiate and be retained in weight loss maintenance trials.
Fragility assessment of high‐rise reinforced concrete buildings considering the effects of shear wall contributions
Authors: Sadraddin Hezha Lutfalla , Shao Xiaoyun , Hu Yufeng 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe effect of shear wall configurations on seismic responses of high‐rise RC buildings is investigated in this paper using fragility analysis method. Four lower high‐rise RC buildings that have the same plan dimensions and height but are different in configurations in lateral force resisting systems, were firstly designed following the standard code procedure. To consider uncertainties in earthquake motions, 16 real ground motion pairs were selected and scaled, then applied orthogonally to the four RC building models during the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). Fragility relationships were therefore derived based on the IDA results for the three limit states including slight damage, moderate damage and collapse to show the probabilistic comparison of seismic responses among the four buildings in both x and y‐directions. It was observed that generally adding shear walls will improve buildings' seismic performance at all limit states. However, shear wall configuration also plays a significant role in seismic behavior of the lower high‐rise regular RC buildings' and internal shear walls are generally more effective than external shear walls in improving building's seismic resistance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.