bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Double-Blind Study of Dothiepin Hydrochloride (Prothiaden) and Amitriptyline in Out-Patients with Masked Depression
Authors: Dahl L E , Dencker S J , Lundin L 
Published: January 2017

A group of forty patients who presented to their general practitioner with depression or somatic complaints, which were considered to be due to depression, were included in a double-blind trial of dothiepin and amitriptyline. Patient improvement as judged by the Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS) and the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) indicated that both groups significantly improved over the 6 week period. Only in one comparison, CPRS after 1 week, was there any statistical difference between the groups and in this case dothiepin produced a better response than amitriptyline (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis of side-effects indicated that the frequency and severity of certain individual side-effects, hypotension, tiredness/sleepiness and dry mouth were significantly less with dothiepin than with amitriptyline at Week 1 (p < 0.05). The overall incidence and severity of side-effects was also less with dothiepin at all assessments during the trial.
A Comparison of the Therapeutic and Cardiovascular Effects of a Single Nightly Dose of Prothiaden (Dothiepin, Dosulepin) and Lentizol (Sustained-Release Amitriptyline) in Depressed Elderly Patients
Authors: Khan A U 
Published: January 2017

This was a single-blind 4-week parallel group comparative trial in fifty depressed patients. Twenty-five patients received 50 mg of Lentizol, a sustained-release form of amitriptyline, and twenty-five received 75 mg of Prothiaden. Both groups took their drugs as a single night-time dose. Patient response was measured on a symptom check-list which was completed by the doctor and a self-rating depression scale. Tolerance was assessed by recording volunteered and observed side-effects and also by taking the pulse, blood pressure and an electrocardiogram before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks. A statistically better response was seen with Prothiaden at each follow-up assessment (1, 2 and 4 weeks) compared to Lentizol as measured by both the symptom check-list and the self-rating scale. Less side-effects were also seen with Prothiaden. Minor changes were seen in the ECG records of two patients on Prothiaden and three on Lentizol. These changes were not associated with any clinical change in the patients' cardiovascular state. No consistent changes of any clinical significance were seen in the pulse and blood pressure recordings.
Intimal Asteroid Bodies in Horses: Light and Electron Microscopic Observations
Authors: de Oliveira A. C. , Rosenbruch M. , Schulz L.-Cl. 
Published: January 2017

The morphology of asteroid bodies in equine arteries is demonstrated by light microscopy as well as by scanning and transmission electron microscopy combined with chemical analysis. Asteroid bodies first occur in horses at four weeks of age in all investigated tissues except the esophagus and always are located in the subendothelial space. The number, shape, ultrastructure and chemical composition of asteroid bodies differ markedly—depending on the age of the horse. Asteroid bodies are round and smooth in foals, but are shaped irregularly and have several projections and marked stratified calcification in adult horses. Asteroid bodies probably originate from smooth muscle cells. No direct etiological connection between asteroid bodies and migrating Strongylus vulgaris could be verified.
The Role of Antileukotrienes in the Treatment of Asthma
Authors: Riccioni G. , Santilli F. , D'Orazio N. , Sensi S. , Spoltore R. , de Benedictis M. , Guagnano M. T. , di Ilio C. , Schiavone C. , Ballone E. , Della Vecchia R. 
Published: January 2017

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) are mediators released in asthma and are both direct bronchoconstrictors and proinflammatory substances that mediated several steps in the pathophysiology of chronic asthma, including inflammatory cells recruitment, vascular leakage, and possibly airway remodelling. Available evidence from clinical trials and real-word experience derived from managing patients with asthma justifies a broader role for anti-LTRAs in asthma management than that recommended in the National Asthma Education and Prevention Programm (NAEPP) and National Health Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) treatment guidelines. Leukotriene-receptor antagonists drugs (LTRAs) seem to be effective alternatives to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) either as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy that reduces the need for higher doses of ICS in patients with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma. LTRAs may be used as adjunctive therapy for al levels of disease severity because they are effective in combination with ICS during long-term maintenance therapy. The agents seem especially effective in preventing aspirin-induced asthma, exercise-induced asthma (EIA) and they may provide an additional advantage of reducing nasal congestion in patients with both asthma and rhinitis.
Antiphosphatidylinositol Antibody in Deep Venous Thrombosis Patients
Authors: Panarelli P. , Viola-Magni M.P. , Albi E. 
Published: January 2017

Antiphospholipid antibodies are a heterogeneous group of immunoglobulins with specificity for a number of phospholipids, phospholipid-binding proteins and phospholipid-protein complexes. The association between antiphospholipid antibodies and a variety of pathologic disorders, such as arterial and venous thrombosis and recurrent pregnancy loss is recognized as Antiphospholipid Syndrome. The immunoassay currently used to detect antiphospholipid antibodies is the anticardiolipin test. Anticardiolipin antibodies are believed to be polyspecific antibodies that cross-react with all the anionic phospholipids. Therefore, testing only for anticardiolipin antibodies does not always permit detection of all antiphospholipid antibodies, specially when only IgG are evaluated. In a selected population of 74 idiopathic and secondary deep venous thrombosis patients, IgG anticardiolipin, antiphosphatidylinositol and antiphosphatidylserine antibodies were detected by solid-phase immunoassays. Our results show that by testing for each antiphospholipid family, many patients, not evidenced by the standard anticardiolipin assay, were found to be antiphospholipid-positive. The anticardiolipin positive patients have always low, moderate or high levels of antiphospholipid antibodies, suggesting that the antiphospholipid positivity is predictive of anticardiolipin positivity. It should be noted that the patients with only antiphosphatidylinositol positive antibody have a story of nervous system pathology. The meaning of these results is at present under discussion.
The Immunological Effects of Dust Containing Metals and Compounds in Workers of a Plant Producing Plastic Materials. Preliminary Study
Authors: Boscolo P. , Di Gioacchino M. , Cervone M. , Di Giacomo F. , Ballone E. , Giuliano G. 
Published: January 2017

Lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 14 men working in a plant producing plastic materials in comparison with a control group of similar age and smoking habit. The workers were exposed to dust containing particles of calcium carbonate, polyvinylchloride, phtalates, unsaturated oils, paraffin wax, iron oxides, titanium bioxides, barium, zinc, lead and lead chromate. In the exposed workers, T helper/ inducer lymphocytes (mainly CD4+-CD45RO- “virgin” lymphocytes) and CD19+ B lymphocytes were significantly reduced without changes of serum IgM, IgG and IgA. A highly significant correlation was found between B lymphocytes (reduced in the workers about 40 %) and CD4+-CD45R0+ “memory” lymphocytes (reduced about 20 %). Moreover, blood lead (correlated with urinary chromium) demonstrated a highly significant negative correlation with B lymphocytes. This study demonstrates that combined exposure to toxic agents produces specific modifications in the lymphocyte subsets without changes in immunoglobulins and confirms the results of previous studies showing that the exposure to lead or chromate induces reduction of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.
The Serum Level of Agalactosyl IgG in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Methotrexate
Authors: Lacki J. K. , Mackiewicz U. , Mackiewicz S. , Muller W. 
Published: January 2017

To verify the hypothesis that methotrexate may affect the serum level of agalactosyl IgG (IgG[0]) we followed the changes in IgG galactosylation patterns in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with either methotrexate (MTX) or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). The average values of IgG[0] in RA patients at the beginning of the observation were significantly higher as compared to healthy controls (0.45 ± 0.39 vs. −0.03 ± 0.09, p<0.05). The findings of IgG[0] after one-year follow-up were also higher as compared to healthy controls (0.38 ± 0.39 vs. −0.03 ± 0.09, p<0.05). We did not notice any statistically significant difference in IgG[0] between MTX and NSAID treated patients at the beginning of the study (0.49 ± 0.42 vs. 0.42 ± 0.38, NS). However, during one-year MTX treatment IgG[0] significantly dropped (0.49 ± 0.42 vs. 0.25 ± 0.24, p<0.01). We did not establish any fluctuation in IgG[0] in the group of patients treated with NSAID (0.42 ± 0.38 vs. 0.46 ± 0.45, NS). The data thus far obtained suggest that IgG[0] may serve as an indicator for the disease course in patients with RA. Secondly, the clinical improvement and IgG[0] decrease after methotrexate implies, that the immunoregulatory abnormality in RA may be susceptible to correction by immunotherapy.
Research Ethics and Forensic Patients
Authors: Regehr Cheryl , Edwardh Marlys , Bradford John 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To discuss ethical and legal issues arising from research conducted on forensic psychiatric patients. Method: A review of the literature and ethical and legal guidelines related to research ethics with human subjects. Conclusion: Forensic patients who are research subjects are particularly vulnerable to coercion and abuse as a result of the dual vulnerabilities stemming from their status as both prisoners and psychiatric patients. Researchers in the area of forensic mental health must carefully consider ethical guidelines and ensure that the rights of participants are respected and upheld.
Living Conditions and Emotional Profiles of Cambodian, Central American, and Québécois Youth
Authors: Rousseau Cécile , Drapeau Aline , Platt Robert 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To compare Cambodian and Central American adolescent refugees to Quebec with their Quebec-born peers in regard to emotional and behavioural problems, feelings of competence, and risk-behaviour profiles, and to examine relations between emotional variables and living conditions in the 3 groups. Method: The sample consisted of 76 Cambodian, 82 Central American and 67 Québécois youth living in the Montreal area. The teenagers' internalization and externalization symptoms were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR); the YSR also provided a measure of their feelings of competence. Risk behaviour was reported by the teenagers. The socioeconomic status of the teenagers' households was taken into account in multiple regression analyses conducted for each group. Results: The level of emotional and behavioural problems reported by teenagers was lowest in Central Americans and highest in Québécois; the latter group also reported more risk behaviours than did either refugee group. The socioeconomic status of the Cambodian and Central American refugee households was lower than that of the Québécois. Living conditions were not a major determinant of emotional distress in young Cambodians, but low annual income was associated with internalizing symptoms among Central American youth. The most powerful predictor of externalizing symptoms among the Québécois youth was having a single-parent household. Conclusion: This study underscores the contrast between the living conditions of young Cambodian and Central American refugees to Quebec and those of Quebec-born youth. These refugees' precarious socioeconomic status is not accompanied by an increase in adolescents' emotional and behavioural problems.
Major Depression Prevalence in Calgary
Authors: Patten Scott B 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To estimate the 12-month period prevalence of major depression in Calgary. Methods: Subjects (n = 2542) were selected using random digit dialing (RDD) and interviewed by telephone using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form for Major Depression (CIDI-SFMD). A subset of this sample was recontacted and administered the full mood disorders section of the CIDI. Results: The weighted proportion of the sample scoring in the positive range on the major depression predictor was 14.7%. Validation data determined that approximately three-quarters of these subjects would be expected to have major depression according to the CIDI. Hence, the estimated 12-month period prevalence of major depression was approximately 11.0%. Conclusions: This prevalence estimate is higher than most, but not all, previous Canadian estimates and resembles that of the American National Comorbidity Survey (NCS). Calgary may have a high prevalence of major depression; however, because methodologically comparable studies are not available, to conclude this would be premature. Selection bias due to the RDD sampling (and the associated relatively high rate of nonresponse) may have led to an inflated prevalence estimate. Alternatively, because it allows increased anonymity and emotional “distance” from the nonprofessional interviewers, telephone-based data collection may be more sensitive to psychopathology than face-to-face interviewing.
Recent Advances in Evidence-Based Psychiatry
Authors: Geddes John , Carney Stuart 
Published: January 2017

Background: There is increasing interest in the potential contribution of evidence-based medicine to clinical decision making in psychiatry. In this article, we describe some of the recent advances in evidence-based psychiatry and outline future challenges. Method: Narrative review Content: The successful introduction of evidence-based practice into psychiatry requires the acquisition of new skills by clinicians. It is also important that policy statements that aim to be evidence-based, such as clinical practice guidelines, use rigorous methods to synthesize the primary evidence and do not overlook its limitations. One result of the systematic reviewing of evidence is the identification of important residual clinical uncertainties. Primary research can then be focused on these questions. For questions regarding therapy in psychiatry, it will be necessary to undertake some large, simple randomized trials. Making the best available evidence readily accessible in a clinical setting, however, remains a significant challenge. Conclusions: Collaboration between clinicians, researchers, policy-makers, and those involved in information technology is required to optimize the contribution of evidence-based medicine in psychiatry.
Epidemiology of Problem Gambling in Prince Edward Island: A Canadian Microcosm?
Authors: Doiron Jason P , Nicki Richard M 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To gather information that describes the extent of gambling and problem gambling in Prince Edward Island (PEI), to rigorously analyze the relation between gambling activities and problem gambling, to document cognitive and emotional correlates of problem gambling, and to identify an at-risk gambling group. Method: We selected a random, stratified sample (n = 809) to represent the adult population of PEI. We administered both the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and an early version of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) to participants who had gambled. Results: The current rate of problem gambling was 3.1%. Problem gamblers were likely to be under age 30 years, to be single, and to report cognitive, emotional, and substance abuse correlates. Multiple-regression analysis identified a unique and substantial relation between problem gambling and video lottery terminal (VLT) use. We identified a group of at-risk gamblers (scoring 1 or 2 on the SOGS), comprising 14% of the sample. Conclusions: Gambling and problem gambling patterns in PEI resemble those in most other provinces. The relation found between problem gambling, VLT use, and cognitive, emotional, and substance use correlates should apply to the greater population as well.
A Prospective Study of Sex-Specific Effects of Major Depression on Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Wang JianLi , Patten Scott B 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the impact of major depression on alcohol use in the Canadian general population. Method: This study was based on a 2-year follow-up of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) longitudinal cohort. Subjects reporting various patterns of drinking, with and without major depression, were selected using the 1994–95 NPHS data. Data collected during a reevaluation of these subjects 2 years later were analyzed to determine whether having major depression at the 1994–95 interview predicted subsequent changes in drinking patterns. Results: Subjects who were depressed in 1994–95 were generally not at higher risk of starting drinking or drinking more frequently than once a week. However, women who were depressed, especially those who were 19 years old or older, were at higher risk of having 5 or more drinks at least once monthly. Conclusion: These results confirm that mood disorders can impact on alcohol consumption in women. A component of the well-known association between alcohol consumption and major depression is due to “reverse” causal effects. Proper management of depression in women may contribute to the prevention of problem drinking.
Clinical Implications of a Link between Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: O'Malley Kieran D , Nanson Jo 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To provide an overview of the animal and human research literature on the link between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature review that addressed the history of, and current research on, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and FASD, as well as that on ADHD in children. Results: In animal and human research, there is emerging clinical, neuropsychological, and neurochemical evidence of a link between FASD and ADHD. Conclusions: The evidence of the link between these 2 conditions has implications for clinical management. The clinical quality of ADHD in children with FASD often differs from that of children without FASD. For children with FASD, ADHD is more likely to be the earlier-onset, inattention subtype, with comorbid developmental, psychiatric, and medical conditions. Children with FASD are commonly not mentally retarded but present complex learning disabilities, especially a mixed receptive-expressive language disorder with deficits in social cognition and communication (reminiscent of sensory aphasia and apraxia), working memory problems, and frequently, a mathematics disorder. Comorbid psychiatric conditions include anxiety, mood, conduct, or explosive disorders. As well, cardiac, renal, or skeletal problems are more likely to be present. Because these children have a disturbance in brain neurochemistry, or even brain structure (that is, in the corpus callosum), their response to standard psychostimulant medication can be quite unpredictable.
Panic in the Emergency Room
Authors: Lynch Patrick , Galbraith Kim M 
Published: January 2017

Objective: This paper examines the relation between coronary artery disease (CAD) and panic disorder (PD), discusses the implications of this relation to the general medical system, and suggests future assessment and intervention strategies for emergency departments. Method: We reviewed the literature on CAD and PD using Medline and PsycINFO. Results: PD is more expensive to our nonpsychiatric, general medical system than any other psychiatric condition. The main reason for PD patients' continued use of general medicine for their psychological symptoms is that their PD remains undiagnosed. In the emergency room (ER), PD patients with chest pain have their PD go undiagnosed about 98% of the time. By having ERs implement specific assessment and intervention strategies for patients presenting with chest pain, the savings to the general medical system could be substantial. Conclusions: By improving recognition of PD in the ER, there is the potential to generate large savings in general medical care. With the availability of empirically supported or effective psychological and pharmacologic treatments for PD, appropriately diagnosing and subsequently treating patients with PD may prevent them from experiencing many years of disability and higher rates of fatal coronary events.
Old and Homeless: A Review and Survey of Older Adults Who Use Shelters in an Urban Setting
Authors: Stergiopoulos Vicky , Herrmann Nathan 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: Research on the mental health and service needs of homeless seniors has been scant. This paper reviews the available literature and presents findings of a Toronto survey in an effort to describe the demographics of homeless seniors, their level of impairment, and their mental and physical health needs. Methods: We searched the Medline, AgeLine, and PsycINFO databases, using the following key words: elderly homeless, elderly hostel users, and urban geriatrics. To better describe the service needs of the elderly homeless, we obtained demographic data from the Community and Neighbourhood Services Department and distributed a survey questionnaire to 11 Toronto hostel directors. The questionnaire elicited data relating to reasons for shelter use, problem behaviours, and mental health needs of those over age 65 years. Results: Although seniors represent a small percentage of the homeless population, their numbers are growing. The available literature suggests a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment in this population, with a greater proportion of older women than men having severe mental illness. Further, our survey suggests that the service needs of elderly hostel users in Toronto differ from those of their younger counterparts. Conclusion: The homeless elderly are the most vulnerable of this impoverished population. Although more research is needed to define their mental and physical health needs and ways of meeting them, their characteristics appear to be unique. Geriatric psychiatrists could play a significant role in evaluating and treating this population more comprehensively.
A Follow-up Study of Persons Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in British Columbia
Authors: Livingston James D , Wilson Derek , Tien George , Bond Lynda 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To describe the characteristics of individuals found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) after the 1992 Criminal Code amendments and to track their movement through the forensic system, as well as to unveil the changes to British Columbia's forensic psychiatric system that resulted from Bill C-30. Method: Profile information relating to persons found NCRMD between February 4, 1992, and February 4, 1998, in British Columbia was collected and analyzed. Community follow-up data was collected and analyzed for a 24-month period following a subject's discharge from hospital. Results: A substantially greater number of individuals entered the forensic psychiatric system in British Columbia after Bill C-30 was implemented. The post-1992 forensic psychiatric population contained fewer persons charged with serious index offences and a greater number of persons charged with relatively minor offences. The length of hospitalization for the NCRMD cohort decreased substantially after the 1992 Criminal Code amendments. Conclusion: The Bill C-30 provisions have made the NCRMD defence an attractive option for defendants and legal counsel.