bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole genome analysis of halotolerant and alkalotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Klebsiella sp. D5A
Authors: Liu Wuxing , Wang Qingling , Hou Jinyu , Tu Chen , Luo Yongming , Christie Peter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis research undertook the systematic analysis of the Klebsiella sp. D5A genome and identification of genes that contribute to plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, especially genes related to salt tolerance and wide pH adaptability. The genome sequence of isolate D5A was obtained using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing system with average coverages of 174.7× and 200.1× using the paired-end and mate-pair sequencing, respectively. Predicted and annotated gene sequences were analyzed for similarity with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enzyme database followed by assignment of each gene into the KEGG pathway charts. The results show that the Klebsiella sp. D5A genome has a total of 5,540,009 bp with 57.15% G + C content. PGP conferring genes such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, acetoin and 2,3-butanediol synthesis, and N2 fixation were determined. Moreover, genes putatively responsible for resistance to high salinity including glycine-betaine synthesis, trehalose synthesis and a number of osmoregulation receptors and transport systems were also observed in the D5A genome together with numerous genes that contribute to pH homeostasis. These genes reveal the genetic adaptation of D5A to versatile environmental conditions and the effectiveness of the isolate to serve as a plant growth stimulator.
Anisotropic metal growth on phospholipid nanodiscs via lipid bilayer expansion
Authors: Oertel Jana , Keller Adrian , Prinz Julia , Schreiber Benjamin , Hübner René , Kerbusch Jochen , Bald Ilko , Fahmy Karim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSelf-assembling biomolecules provide attractive templates for the preparation of metallic nanostructures. However, the intuitive transfer of the “outer shape” of the assembled macromolecules to the final metallic particle depends on the intermolecular forces among the biomolecules which compete with interactions between template molecules and the metal during metallization. The shape of the bio-template may thus be more dynamic than generally assumed. Here, we have studied the metallization of phospholipid nanodiscs which are discoidal particles of ~10 nm diameter containing a lipid bilayer ~5 nm thick. Using negatively charged lipids, electrostatic adsorption of amine-coated Au nanoparticles was achieved and followed by electroless gold deposition. Whereas Au nanoparticle adsorption preserves the shape of the bio-template, metallization proceeds via invasion of Au into the hydrophobic core of the nanodisc. Thereby, the lipidic phase induces a lateral growth that increases the diameter but not the original thickness of the template. Infrared spectroscopy reveals lipid expansion and suggests the existence of internal gaps in the metallized nanodiscs, which is confirmed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering from the encapsulated lipids. Interference of metallic growth with non-covalent interactions can thus become itself a shape-determining factor in the metallization of particularly soft and structurally anisotropic biomaterials.
Retrospective Studies: A Fresh Look
Authors: Abbott Katherine Verdolini , Barton Franca Benedicty , Terhorst Lauren , Shembel Adrianna 
Published: May 2016

Purpose

A first objective was to provide an overview of advantages and cautions around so-called
retrospective
clinical studies. A second objective was to provide guidelines for strong studies that can make a valid contribution to the clinical literature, whether these studies are prospective, retrospective, experimental, or observational.

Method
Invited commentaries were solicited from statistical and study design experts.

Results
The strength of a clinical study does not lie so much with its point in time relative to data generation, as it lies with study design. In fact, quite surprisingly, data collected in the past can be modeled to create a prospective study, if appropriate. One distinctive strength of observational studies—which are sometimes but not always retrospective—is the ability to obtain a large corpus of data from medical databases rapidly, as sometimes warranted by pressing health care policy and practice issues.

Conclusion
Retrospective studies, often considered inferior to prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical trials, can have strength and validity often not recognized in the hierarchy of clinical data.
Correlates of Immunity to Influenza as Determined by Challenge of Children with Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Wright Peter F. , Hoen Anne G. , Ilyushina Natalia A. , Brown Eric P. , Ackerman Margaret E. , Wieland-Alter Wendy , Connor Ruth I. , Jegaskanda Sinthujan , Rosenberg-Hasson Yael , Haynes Brenda C. , Luke Catherine J. , Subbarao Kanta , Treanor John J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background.  The efficacy of live, attenuated live attenuated influenza vaccine(LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine(IIV) is poorly explained by either single or composite immune responses to vaccination. Protective biomarkers were therefore studied in response to LAIV or IIV followed by LAIV challenge in children.
Methods.  Serum and mucosal responses to LAIV or IIV were analyzed using immunologic assays to assess both quantitative and functional responses. Cytokines and chemokines were measured in nasal washes collected before vaccination, on days 2, 4, and 7 after initial LAIV, and again after LAIV challenge using a 63-multiplex Luminex panel.
Results.  Patterns of immunity induced by LAIV and IIV were significantly different. Serum responses induced by IIV, including hemagglutination inhibition, did not correlate with detection or quantitation of LAIV on subsequent challenge. Modalities that induced sterilizing immunity seen after LAIV challenge could not be defined by any measurements of mucosal or serum antibodies induced by the initial LAIV immunization. No single cytokine or chemokine was predictive of protection.
Conclusions.  The mechanism of protective immunity observed after LAIV could not be defined, and traditional measurements of immunity to IIV did not correlate with protection against an LAIV challenge.
Suprapatellar Intramedullary Nail Technique Lowers Rate of Malalignment of Distal Tibia Fractures
Authors: Avilucea Frank R. , Triantafillou Kostas , Whiting Paul S. , Perez Edward A. , Mir Hassan R. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
To report on the immediate postoperative alignment of distal tibia fractures (within 5 cm of the tibial plafond) treated with suprapatellar intramedullary nail (IMN) insertion compared with the infrapatellar technique. Primary outcomes include alignment on both the anteroposterior and lateral radiographic views.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Two urban level I trauma centers.

Patients:
A total of 266 skeletally mature patients with a distal tibia fracture were treated with an IMN. One hundred thirty-two patients underwent this procedure through a suprapatellar technique.

Intervention:
Intramedullary nail placement.

Main Outcome Measures:
Alignment.

Results:
The 2 treatment groups were evenly matched with respect to age, gender, fracture grade, and the presence of open fracture. Within the suprapatellar group, the fibula was intact, fixed, and remained fractured in 6 (4.5%), 22 (16.7%), and 104 (78.8%) cases, respectively. The fibula was intact, repaired, and remained fractured in 9 (6.7%), 32 (23.9%), and 93 (69.4%) cases, respectively, in the infrapatellar group. There was no difference in the rate of fibular fixation between the groups (P = 0.2). Primary angular malalignment of ≥5 degrees occurred in 35 (26.1%) patients with infrapatellar IMN insertion and in 5 (3.8%) patients who underwent suprapatellar IMN insertion (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
This is the largest patient series directly comparing the suprapatellar with infrapatellar IMN insertion technique in the treatment of distal tibia fractures. In the treatment of distal tibia fractures, suprapatellar IMN technique results in a significantly lower rate of malalignment compared with the infrapatellar IMN technique.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The relationship between phytoestrogens and speed of processing
Authors: Alwerdt Jessie , Valdés Elise G. , Chanti-Ketterl Marianne , Small Brent J. , Edwards Jerri D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objective:
This study examined the cross-sectional association between phytoestrogens and speed of processing. We hypothesized that higher levels of phytoestrogens would be related to better cognitive performance among older women.

Methods:
Participants were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and consisted of 200 older women (M = 74.4 y). Stepwise regressions examined indicators of speed of processing, measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Isoflavones, lignans, and individual phytoestrogens were added to the regression after including covariates of age, education, race, smoking, and creatinine. Isoflavones were further broken into quartiles among the sample to further evaluate the nature of the curvilinear association.

Results:
Results showed a relationship between cognition and lignans, explaining 3.8% of the variance after including the covariates, indicating fewer lignans were associated with better speed of processing (P < 0.001). A significant curvilinear relationship with isoflavones explained 1.3% additional variance (P < 0.001). The moderate-high, low-moderate, and the lowest quartile of isoflavones were associated with better cognition, whereas the highest amount was associated with worse speed of processing. Among the individual phytoestrogens, only enterodiol accounted for 4.4% additional variance after taking into account covariates and indicated a negative association with cognition (P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Results suggest that moderate levels of isoflavones, but not lignans, may be associated with better speed of processing. Caution must remain for high isoflavone amounts due to the negative association with cognition. Given the results, phytoestrogens have the potential to be an intervention target for older females’ cognition. To become a viable intervention, further research is needed.
Malar Reconstruction Using Y-V Advancement Flaps after Tissue Expansion in Treacher Collins Syndrome
Authors: Ueda Koichi , Nuri Takashi , Shigemura Yuka 
Published: May 2016

Summary:
The Treacher Collins syndrome is characterized by both soft and hard tissue deficiencies. To reconstruct malar hypoplasia with both soft and hard tissues, we designed a new method using cartilage grafts, Y-V advancement flaps, and Z plasty with tissue expansion.
Speech‐language Pathology in Acute Pediatric Chemical or Button Battery Ingestion Injury
Authors: Follent Anna M. , Rumbach Anna F. , Ward Elizabeth C. , Dodrill Pamela , Lewindon Peter 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Dysphagia is a common consequence of pediatric ingestion injury, yet there is a lack of data relating to recommencement of oral (per os; PO) intake or use of feeding therapy. We describe patterns of early PO intake, and referral to speech‐language pathology (SLP) for feeding therapy, during the acute admission of a pediatric cohort postchemical or button battery ingestion injury.Methods:Retrospective chart review of pediatric ingestion injuries admitted to a quaternary hospital from 2008 to 2013. Clinical parameters, PO intake progression, and nature of referrals for feeding therapy during the acute admission were examined.Results:Fifty‐one children (26 boys; mean age: 31.5, range 4–170 months) were identified (75% with grade II or III mucosal injuries), of whom 31 (60%) had impaired PO intake. Of these, 5 recommenced premorbid PO intake during admission. At discharge, 16 remained on modified PO intake, and 10 remained nil PO. Eight (26%) were referred to SLP for feeding therapy during acute admission, or within 4 months of discharge. Feeding therapy‐referred children were more likely to have pediatric intensive care admission (PICU) (100% vs 26%), and longer hospital admission (36.1 vs 9.3 days for those not referred).Conclusions:More than half of the cohort had impaired PO intake, and one‐third were nil PO at time of discharge. Referrals for feeding therapy were limited. Our findings may provide some guidance for clinicians, patients, and their families regarding possible PO intake recovery patterns, as well as provide background for evaluating the potential for feeding therapy and SLP involvement within this population.
Managing the human component of fire regimes: lessons from Africa
Authors: Archibald Sally 
Published: May 2016

Human impacts on fire regimes accumulated slowly with the evolution of modern humans able to ignite fires and manipulate landscapes. Today, myriad voices aim to influence fire in grassy ecosystems to different ends, and this is complicated by a colonial past focused on suppressing fire and preventing human ignitions. Here, I review available evidence on the impacts of people on various fire characteristics such as the number and size of fires, fire intensity, fire frequency and seasonality of fire in African grassy ecosystems, with the intention of focusing the debate and identifying areas of uncertainty. Humans alter seasonal patterns of fire in grassy systems but tend to decrease total fire emissions: livestock have replaced fire as the dominant consumer in many parts of Africa, and fragmented landscapes reduce area burned. Humans alter the season and time of day when fires occur, with important implications for fire intensity, tree–grass dynamics and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Late season fires are more common when fire is banned or illegal: these later fires are far more intense but emit fewer GHGs. The types of fires which preserve human livelihoods and biodiversity are not always aligned with the goal of reducing GHG concentrations. Current fire management challenges therefore involve balancing the needs of a large rural population against national and global perspectives on the desirability of different types of fire, but this cannot happen unless the interests of all parties are equally represented. In the future, Africa is expected to urbanize and land use to intensify, which will imply different trajectories for the continent's fire regimes.This article is part of the themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind.
Economic impacts of climate change and variability on agricultural production in the Middle East and North Africa region
Authors: Alboghdady Mohamed , El-Hendawy Salah E. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of climate change and variability on agricultural production in Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) where the deleterious impacts of climate change are generally projected to be greatest.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a production function model using Fixed Effect Regression (FER) analysis and then using marginal impact analysis to assess the impact of climate change and variability on agricultural production. Therefore, the study utilized panel data for the period 1961-2009 pooled from 20 countries in MENA region.

Findings
Results showed that 1 per cent increase in temperature during winter resulted in 1.12 per cent decrease in agricultural production. It was also observed that 1 per cent increase in temperature variability during winter and spring resulted in 0.09 and 0.14 per cent decrease in agricultural production, respectively. Results also indicated that increasing precipitation during winter and fall season and precipitation variability during winter and summer seasons had negative impact. The estimated parameters of square temperature and precipitation indicated that climate change has significant nonlinear impacts on agricultural production in MENA region.

Originality/value
Despite there are many studies on the impact of climate change on agricultural production, there is a lack of publications to address the economic impact of both climate change and variability on agricultural production in MENA region. Thus, these results are more comprehensive and more informative to policymakers than the results from field trials.
The effects of transformational leadership and organizational commitment on hotel departmental performance
Authors: Patiar Anoop , Wang Ying 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effects of hotel general managers’ transformational leadership (TLS) and department managers (DMs)’ organizational commitment (OC) on their department’s performance in upscale hotels in Australia.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by surveying DMs in four- and five-star hotels. The survey instrument included measures of comprehensive sustainable performance, TLS and OC adapted from the literature. The data were analyzed through factor analysis and regression with a resampling method of bootstrapping.FindingsThe findings indicated that TLS influenced hotel departments’ non-financial as well as social and environmental performance dimensions directly and indirectly through OC. However, the mediation effect of OC did not exist for financial performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe key theoretical contribution is the use of performance assessment based on critical success factors of hotel businesses and the bootstrapping regression model.Practical implicationsSenior managers should pay attention to TLS qualities when appointing core managers, provide on-going structured TLS training and concentrate on leading performance dimensions for performance assessment.Originality/valueThis study responds to the call for leadership research to move beyond its emphasis on individual performance and to address performance more holistically by considering its multidimensionality and the processes underlying effective performance.
Revenue management systems and hotel performance in the economic downturn
Authors: Ortega Bienvenido 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse whether hotels that use a revenue management system (RMS) outperform non-RMS-users in a context of decreasing demand.Design/methodology/approachA database of chain hotels with a rating of three or more stars was used to estimate MANOVA and ANOVA models to analyse the role of RMSs in hotel performance.FindingsIn a context of strong competition in prices and surplus capacity, the findings suggest that RMSs have been more effective in improving occupancy than in achieving higher rates. Also, the use of RMSs did not have a significant impact on hotel labour productivity.Research limitations/implicationsManagers may believe that they have adopted an RMS when, in fact, they have not fully done so. In addition, establishment-level unobserved heterogeneity, such as the quality of management or unobserved quality of service, cannot be fully controlled because of the nature of the data used. The main implication of this paper is that the potential of RMSs as revenue enhancer might be influenced by unstable market and economic conditions. However, the absence of significant effects on RevPAR performance might be also the result of firms’ adopting inadequate RM strategies. Further research could investigate whether the findings are context-specific or whether firms are failing to implement effective RMSs for other reasons.Originality/valueThe approach used in this paper is new to the literature, given that it uses statistical methods to analyse the impact of implementing an RMS on hotel performance under specific economic conditions and using alternative indicators.
When security and medicine missions conflict: confidentiality in prison settings
Authors: Allen Scott A. , Aburabi Raed 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– It is a simple fact that prisons cannot exist – practically, legally, ethically or morally – without the support of physicians and other health professionals. Access to adequate healthcare is one of the fundamental measures of the legitimacy of a jail or prison. At the same time, there is a fundamental tension in the missions of the prison and doctor. The primary mission of the prison is security and often punishment. Reform and rehabilitation have intermittently been stated goals of prisons in the last century, but in practice those humane goals have rarely governed prison administrative culture. The primary mission of the physician is to promote the health and welfare of his or her patient. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– At times, what is required to serve the patient’s best interest is at odds with the interests of security. Much of the work of the prison physician does not conflict with the operation of security. Indeed, much of the work of the prison physician is allowed to proceed without much interference from the security regime. But given the fundamental discord in the legitimate missions of security vs medicine, conflict between the doctor and the warden is inevitable.

Findings
– In this paper, the authors consider the example of patient confidentiality to illustrate this conflict, using case examples inspired by real cases from the experience of the authors.

Originality/value
– The authors provide an ethical and practical framework for health professionals to employ when confronting these inevitable conflicts in correctional settings.
A critical look at the use of SEM in international business research
Authors: Richter Nicole Franziska , Sinkovics Rudolf R. , Ringle Christian M. , Schlägel Christopher 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been widely used to examine complex research models in international business and marketing research. While the covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) approach is dominant, the authors argue that the field’s dynamic nature and the sometimes early stage of theory development more often require a partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM) approach. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the application of SEM techniques in the field.Design/methodology/approach– The authors searched six journals with an international business (and marketing) focus (Management International Review,Journal of International Business Studies,Journal of International Management,International Marketing Review,Journal of World Business,International Business Review) from 1990 to 2013. The authors reviewed all articles that apply SEM, analyzed their research objectives and methodology choices, and assessed whether the PLS-SEM papers followed the best practices outlined in the past.Findings– Of the articles, 379 utilized CB-SEM and 45 PLS-SEM. The reasons for using PLS-SEM referred largely to sampling and data measurement issues and did not sufficiently build on the procedure’s benefits that stem from its design for predictive and exploratory purposes. Thus, the procedure’s key benefits, which might be fruitful for the theorizing process, are not being fully exploited. Furthermore, authors need to better follow best practices to truly advance theory building.Research limitations/implications– The authors examined a subset of journals in the field and did not include general management journals that publish international business and marketing-related studies. Fur-thermore, the authors found only limited use of PLS-SEM in the journals the authors considered relevant to the study.Originality/value– The study contributes to the literature by providing researchers seeking to adopt SEM as an analytical method with practical guidelines for making better choices concerning an appropriate SEM approach. Furthermore, based on a systematic review of current practices in the international business and marketing literature, the authors identify critical challenges in the selection and use of SEM procedures and offer concrete recommendations for better practice.