bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of depression among patients with tuberculosis at Perundurai TB hospital, Tamilnadu–depression, a comorbidity of TB
Authors: Francis D.L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionTuberculosis is one of India's major public health problems. According to WHO estimates, India has the world's largest tuberculosis epidemic. Many research studies have shown the effects and concerns revolving around TDR-TB especially in India, where social and economic positions are still in progression.Materials and methodsSeventeen questionnaires were administered to the consented participants regarding the demographic data and awareness, also Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was recorded to analyse the level of depression. The average age was 32.3 years (STD = 12.7), and the age range was from 13 years to 71 years. The data collected was analysed with SPSS 19.ResultsThe patients who were in the intensive phase had a considerably higher depression rate (42%) than the patients who were in the continuous phase (22%). However, the variations were not enough for the statistical significance. The patients with TB only (35%) showed a higher depression rate than the patients with TB/HIV (28%).ConclusionAccording to this study, it can be found that the prevalence of depression was lower for patients who were old, female, college educated, married, and earned the highest, compared with their counterparts. Most of these findings might agree with a general perception that social and financial stabilities would provide a less likelihood of being depressed.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Comorbidity of major depressive disorder and personality disorder increase the risk for suicide
Authors: Mihai A. , Mihai M. , Mocan M.S. , Moga C.I. , Nistor E.V. , Mihai A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPersonality disorder (PD) with an associated diagnostic of major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common occurrence, being considered a factor of treatment resistant depression. In this study, we compare two groups of patients’ one group having Major Depressive Episode (MDD) and the other with MDD and PD as comorbidity.MethodsThis is an observational study of all patients admitted with diagnosis of MDD during one month period in an acute psychiatric hospital. Data collection is made using patients files. During one month period a total number of 105 MDD cases were recorded (group A-75 cases with MDD and group B-30 patients with PD and MDD). The diagnosis was recorded in files by a specialist psychiatrist. Data is analyzed using SPSS v.20.ResultsA significant difference is found when comparing age groups, mean age for group A being 60 years and for group B 35 years (P = 0.05). Regarding suicide attempts a higher prevalence is found in Group B (Group A 6.7%, Group B 20%) although with statistical relevance (P = 0.04). Study limitation: small sample size of group B does not allow analysis on different type of personality disorders, length of hospitalisation could be biased by the requirements of assurance company.ConclusionsThe risk of admission is higher at younger age in patients with MDD associated with PD then in MDD alone. The risk of suicide attempts is significantly higher in group of MDD associated with PD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The mortality gap. Patients with serious mental conditions. Mortality, morbidity and use of health services
Authors: Myklebust L.H. , Wynn R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMental illness are among the most prevalent causes of death [1]. Larger population based studies are needed in order to control the high mortality rates for psychiatric patients [2].ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between psychiatric disease and somatic illness.MethodData from health-related databases and registries are cross-matched by social security number for all psychiatric patients in North-Norway for 2008–2016/2017. n = 4000–6000.(Table 1)Mortality is considered multifactorial, and risk factors may appear as both direct and indirect causes. A high number of demographic, somatic, psychiatric and service related variables allow the study to control for interactions and confounding associations by multivariate analyses.Results/planned papersA case-register study of the comorbidity of mental and somatic disorders in North Norway: Research protocol.Increased mortality in psychiatric patients: A case-registry study.Comorbidity of cancer and psychiatric illness: Findings from North Norway.Cardiovascular disease is prevalent among people suffering from depression and anxiety.The importance of the use of antipsychotic medication for physical health.Coercion and general health among psychiatric patients. The importance in continuity of care.Substance-use among psychiatric patients. Implications for general health and care pathways.Psychiatric patients use of general practitioner medical treatment.Table 1An overview of the information that will be retreived from the registries.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Life is in the air: Inhalated methanol poisoning. A case report
Authors: Morales N.I. Núñez , Revuelta M. Gómez , González G. Montero , Martín M. Zubia , Ayala L. García , Requena C. Martín , Venegas N. Gómez-Coronado Suárez de , Lafuente C. Gómez Sánchez , Arrieta P. Pérez Martínez de , Arrillaga A.M. González-Pinto 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMethanol poisoning is uncommon but potentially lethal. The way of poisoning is usually oral. However, in a small number of cases, inhalated methanol poisoning was described. Most of these occurred among patients suffering a disorder by use of this substance. This type of poisoning has an insidious presentation, that complicates its diagnosis. This poisoning may be lethal. It may produce a chronic and severe affectation of the central nervous system in those who survive to the poisoning. After diagnosis, it is compulsory to act quickly, and it often requires advanced vital support and hemodialysis.ObjectivesEducate the Mental Health professionals about a type of disorder by consumption increasingly more frequent in some cities across Europe. This is a high fatality related poisoning that emergency and general psychiatrists should know as it is increasingly common in Europe.MethodsWe present the case of a 20-year-old patient, treated at the emergency department of our hospital in context of metanol inhalation. The patient regularly attended to our Dual Pathology outpatient unit due to a severe inhalant use disorder. Several stays at the intensive care unit had been recorded and he already presented with severe optic nerve affectation.DiscussionIn recent years there has been an increase in inhalant abuse in Europe, which is still underestimated by our poor knowledge about its potential toxicity.ConclusionInhalated methanol poisoning occurs with a typical presentation, and may appear after suicide trial or overdose. Mental health professional should become aware of its potential lethality to approach properly to these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sun lupus and energy. Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as mania
Authors: Montaño M.J. Gordillo , Perdigues S. Ramos , Rodriguez M.A. Artacho , Latorre S. , Villar C. Merino del , Roy C. Caballero , Torres S.V. Boned , Rincon M. de Amuedo , Llorens P. Torres , Valencia M. Segura 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSystemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease that can give neuropsychiatric episodes and systemic manifestations. About 57% of patients with SLE have neuropsychiatric manifestations in the course of their illness, however an initial presentation with neuropsychiatric clinic is rare.ObjectiveDescribe how patients receiving corticosteroids as part of their treatment can develop mental disorders but not only them.MethodIt will raise grounds with a case: 20-year-old woman recently diagnosed with SLE because of arthritis in his ankle. Treatment was initiated with prednisone 10 mg and chloroquine 200 MG. After 20 days the patient comes to the emergency after episode of turmoil at home with major affective clinical maniform. Presenting fever. The presence of fever downloads the possibility of a psychosis chloroquine or corticosteroids to be a small dose. Treatment was initiated with high doses of prednisone and immunosuppressants. In addition to associating specific anticonvulsant and antipsychotic drugs at usual doses for a manic episode.ResultsTreatment of psychosis in SLE is essentially empirical, and depends on the etiology. It usually responds to the use of high doses of corticosteroids combined with immunosuppressive drugs. Psychosis induced by corticosteroids requires lowering them. It is valid concomitant use of antipsychotics.ConclusionsThe presence of psychotic symptoms in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus forces to distinguish between various etiological possibilities.Corticosteroids may cause a variety of psychiatric symptoms. And yet, in patients with SLE these syndromes are not always attributable to the use of corticosteroids.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Confusion between symptom and disease. Parkinson vs meningioma
Authors: Gordillo Montaño M.J. , Ramos Perdigues S. , Merino del Villar C. , Caballero Roy C. , Latorre S. , Guisado Rico M. , Bravo Romero A. , Boned Torres S.V. , de Amuedo Rincon M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionParkinson's disease is caused by decreased dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Psychosis occurs between 20 and 40% of patients with Parkinson's disease. Dopaminergic drugs act as aggravating or precipitating factor. Before the introduction of levodopa patients had described visual hallucinations but the frequency was below 5%.ObjectiveIllustrated importance of treatment, reassessment after its introduction and refractoriness to answer; as well as the importance of a differential diagnosis at the onset of psychotic symptoms later in life.MethodClinical case: female patient 75 years tracking Neurology by parkinsonism in relation to possible early Parkinson disease. She was prescribed rasagiline treatment. Begins to present visual and auditory hallucinations, delusional self-referential and injury. She had no previous psychiatric history. She went on several occasions to the emergency room, where the anti-Parkinson treatment is decreased to the withdrawal point and scheduled antipsychotics did not answer. Doses of antipsychotics are increased despite which symptoms persist and even increase psychotic symptoms. In this situation it is agreed to extend the study. Subsequently an NMR of the skull where the image is suggestive of a right occipital meningioma appears.Results/conclusionsWith the emergence of psychotic symptoms later in life it will be important to ask a broad differential diagnosis, since in a large number of cases will be secondary to somatic or to drug therapies.Parkinsonism can be a symptom of occipital meningioma, presenting in the psychotic clinic. Refractoriness, on one hand to the suspension of treatment for Parkinson's disease, such as poor response to antipsychotics, did extend the study, which ultimately gave us the diagnosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neurocognitive profile of patients with early stages of HIV infection
Authors: Garcia P. , Hernandez D. , Fillizola C. , Santacruz J.M. , García H. Santamaría 
Published: June 2017

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) may include neurological disorders of various severities such as AIDS dementia complex (ADC) also known as HIV dementia and HIV-associated dementia (HAD), HIV encephalopathy, and Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MND). As it seems HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders are associated with a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV infection and fueled by immune activation of macrophages and microglia. Despite of a group, evidences have described presence of cognitive alterations in HIV patients at different stages of HIV infection so far; little is known about the neurocognitive state of patients at very early stages of HIV infection. Here, we explored the neurocognitive profile of a group of cases of HIV patients at very early stages of HIV infection. We have analyzed of three groups of subjects, thus, we have studied a group of patients with early HIV infection, a healthy control group and a group of patients with mild cognitive impairment due to neurodegenerative causes. Our results suggested that cognitive processes are sensitive to very early neuropathological changes in HIV infection. Noteworthy, our results also showed that neurocognitive profile of HIV patients differs from those cognitive alterations in patients with mild cognitive disorders associated to primary neurodegeneration. Together, our results point out that HIV infection generates neural changes even at early stages of infection. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of a deep neurocognitive exploration at very early stages of HIV infection as this approach allow improve the accompaniment, clinical attachment and interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Narratives, empathy concern and moral judgments in patients with HIV infection who decided not to tell about their diagnosis
Authors: García H. Santamaría , Paola G. , Hernandez D. , Santacruz J.M. , Filizzola C. 
Published: June 2017

Consistent with social-cognitive theory (Bandura 1994), adherence problems to treatments and difficulties to acceptance HIV diagnosis are linked with deficits in self-efficacy as well as problems in perceived social norms and behavioral intentions. In this study we have presented the beliefs and narratives of a group of recently diagnosed HIV patients who voluntarily decided not to tell to family or couples about their diagnosis. According to the patients’ reports they believe they should not tell about their own physical condition. In a second approach, we have explored empathetic and moral behavior (by using a usual procedure used to keep track those cognitive domains) in this group of HIV patients and we compared that behavior with a group of healthy controls. Results revealed a particular and differential empathic concern, and discomfort sensitivity in HIV patients who no tell in contrast to healthy controls. Together, our results highlight the importance of exploring the reasons, fears, and the empathetic and moral determinants of those patients who not to tell about their diagnosis. Our results open a new door to explore new approaches to accompany patients with recent HIV diagnosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Risk factors in emotional and personal development of senior preschool children from different social strata (middle-high and middle-low social layers)
Authors: Burlakova N. , Davidovich P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMethodological basis of Vygotsky's scientific school implemented in the study provides possibility to detect risk variants in emotional and personal development of children from different social strata and to explore the mechanisms responsible for pathological development.Objectives and methodsThe study included two groups:(1) children from a middle-high social stratum (n = 31); (2) children from a middle-low social stratum (n = 36). All the children were between ages 5.5–7 years at the moment of research, lived in Moscow and attended extracurricular activities. Following methods were used: objective description of child's development in socio-cultural context; semi-structured interview; long-term overt and covert observations; diagnostics of intellectual, emotional and personal school readiness.ResultsChildren from the 1st group demonstrate higher level of intelligence; they are more successful in solving unusual tasks. Children from the 2nd group tend to follow instructions given by teacher. Children from the 1st group unlike those from the 2nd one are characterized by lower level of social competence; they encounter difficulties in establishing contacts and don’t perceive hierarchy in adult–child relationship. Mass protection typical for children from the 1st group and hyper-satisfaction of their needs determine decrease of frustration and don’t deepen their personal experience providing basis for pathological development. Children from the 2nd group are more inclined to demonstrate alarm reactions, but in general they possess higher level of emotional and personal maturity and social flexibility.ConclusionSocio-cultural environment has a direct say in potential risk zones of child development.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Socio-demographic and cognitive determinants of xenophobia among the GCC citizens
Authors: Al-Kubaisi F. , Soliman A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionXenophobia has been referred to as a global phenomenon, linked to the globalization process and noted in countries undergoing transition. It comes from the perceived threat of foreigners’ impact on the citizens’ identity or individual rights. Although the Gulf countries host a large number of migrants from several different cultures and ethnicity, so far no study has examined the conceptualization and pervasiveness of Xenophobia and counter strategies to such phenomenon.ObjectivesExploring Xenophobia in the Gulf context. Exploring socio-demographic and cognitive factors affecting xenophobia.AimsValidating a measure of Xenophobia in the Gulf cultural context. Examining the gender differences in Xenophobia among the GCC individuals. Studying socio-demographic and cognitive predictors of Xenophobia.MethodsA sample of 513 individuals from the GCC countries completed several measures of socio-demographic and cognitive variables. Likert-type scale of xenophobia was developed and validated on a large sample of Qatari citizens that showed trustworthy indications of validity and reliability and delivered via internet survey.ResultsThe findings showed that Xenophobia negatively correlated with age, parents’ level of education, and varied subject to the type of father's job. The females showed Xenophobia more indications than males. Participants from the six GCC countries showed different levels of Xenophobia indicators. Bad experience with expatriates fully mediated the relationship between the socio-demographic of subjects and the number of Xenophobia indicators. Cognitive factors were also good predictors of Xenophobia across all cultures and gender.ConclusionsXenophobia in the Gulf region is influenced by several cognitive and socio-demographic factors that is mediated by, but not limited to, negative personal experiences and their cultural backgrounds.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depression and multiple sclerosis–pathophysiological links: From biology to treatment
Authors: Pinto S.L. Azevedo , Coelho R. , Silva A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDepressive disorders (DD) are the second cause of disability worldwide. DD affect predominantly working age individuals, recurring in 75% of cases. DD pathophysiology is intricate and multi-factorial. Several inflammatory diseases have been linked to mood disorders. Amidst these conditions is multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, characterized by frequent exacerbations and progressive functional loss.ObjectiveTo review the current knowledge on DD and MS as comorbidities and the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.MethodsWe performed a bibliographic search in Pubmed–publications released in the last 5 years, written in English, Portuguese and Spanish, containing the keywords depression, inflammatory disorders, multiple sclerosis.ResultsThe inflammatory hypothesis of depression provides a strong foundation to explain its close link with multiple sclerosis. The incidence and prevalence of DD is significantly higher in MS, especially in men. Functional imaging studies have shown that depressive symptoms are closely linked to the extension of inflammatory lesions, especially on the frontal and parietal regions, with particular emphasis to those affecting the grey matter. On the one hand, the clinical course and response to treatment of MS may be hindered by DD; on the other hand, the evolution of MS lesions leads to fluctuations in mood, with significant improvement of DD with successful MS treatment, independently of physical improvement.ConclusionsThere appears to be a biological link between DD and MS, with a bidirectional interference in the clinical course, prognosis and treatment response. Thus, both conditions must be correctly identified and treated.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Validation of the Tunisian version of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9)
Authors: Belhadj H. , Jomli R. , Ouali U. , Zgueb Y. , Nacef F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe PHQ-9 has been recommended as the best available screening and case-finding instrument for primary care based on its brevity, and ability to inform the clinicians on both depression severity and diagnostic criteria.ObjectiveOur study evaluated the reliability and the validity of the Tunisian version of the PHQ-9 in detecting major depression in general population.MethodWe undertook a cross-sectional and analytical study. A total of 134 participants, representative of the Tunisian general population, were enrolled. The PHQ-9 was validated against the HAD reference standard. The types of validity determined for the PHQ-9 in this study were: translation validity, internal reliability and criterion validity.ResultsTest-Retest reliability was determined by intraclass correlation. This scale is stable over 2 weeks (ICC = 0.97). The Tunisian version of the PHQ-9 was found to have good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84). As for criterion validity of the PHQ-9, the Pearson's correlation coefficient between the PHQ-9 and HAD was 0.94 and the Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.81. This indicated a positive association of good strength between the two instruments. A cut-off score of 10 or higher on the PHQ-9 had a sensitivity of 86.2 and a specificity of 83.8. The VPP was 0.6 and the VPN was 0.9.ConclusionThe Tunisan version of the PHQ-9 has several potential advantages. It was found to be a valid and reliable casefinding instrument for detecting depression in general population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.