bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalization Durations and Remission Rates of Patients in a Psychiatry Clinic
Authors: Tutuncu R. , Kullakçı H. , Hakan B. , Algul A. , Ates A. , Basoglu C. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe duration of hospitalization is related to many well-documented factors in literature. However, little is known about psychiatric patients and psychiatric service delivery in non-Western developing countries. It is supposed that major contributing factors in discharge are remission rates and functional levels. Therefore, this naturalistic preliminary study aimed at analyzing and describing the hospitalization duration and remission rates of a psychiatric population treated in the mental health inpatient facility.MethodsA total of 88 male patients, who were hospitalized in a psychiatry clinic were included in the study. They were evaluated at admission and before discharge using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Clinic Global Impression Scale (CGI). Other variables, including length of stay, number of previous admissions, demographic characteristics, and diagnosis were also assessed.ResultsMean of the total scores on BPRS were declined from 24.95 to 13, and the mean CGI scores were declined from 3.85 to 2.04 during hospitalization period. Mean length of hospitalization was 7.91 days.ConclusionOur study shows that patients are discharged from the hospital with approximately 50% decrease in symptom severity. Such research can contribute to understand better, the needs of psychiatric patients, and help to develop continuously improved service delivery and optimize therapeutic options.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depression Among HIV-Infected Patients–A Reality that Must Not be Forgotten
Authors: Marinho M. , Mota-Oliveira M. , Peixoto M.J. , Marques J. , Bragança M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionHIV-infection is a very stigmatized, chronic disease with increased rates of psychiatric disorders, being major depression the most common.ObjectiveTo review the recent research related to depression in HIV-infected patients.MethodsLiterature review based on PubMed/Medline, using the keywords “HIV” and “depression”.ResultsHIV-infected patients have a chance 2-7 times higher of developing major depression, around the time of diagnosis or during the course of their illness. However, only fewer than 50% of the cases are recognized clinically. Several factors contribute to its under-recognition and under-treatment, such as the overlap between the neurovegetative symptoms of depression, the somatic symptoms of HIV disease, and the effects of comorbid diseases; the mistaken belief that depressive symptoms are expected in this group; the neuropsychiatric side effects associated with some antiretrovirals. Besides, major depression presents important diagnostic challenges due to biological, psychological, and social components associated with the infection. The authors will analyze the clinical presentation.Depression has been associated with a negative impact on quality of life, poorer HAART adherence, faster HIV disease progression and increased mortality risk. Importantly, however, appropriate psychiatric intervention can do it over. In fact, studies suggest that patients receiving SSRI treatments for depression have rates of adherence and CD4+ T-cell counts similar to non-depressed patients receiving HAART.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of major depression in HIV-positive individuals and its serious consequences if untreated, increase even further the importance of its effective identification and subsequent treatment in this group of patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neurocognitive deficits underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A clustering/subgrouping analysis
Authors: Leung P. , Chan F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNeurocognitive deficits are assumed to be underlying the behavioral symptoms of ADHD. Research over the years has identified a host of these neurocognitive deficits, but no single one deficit appears to be dominant or pervasive in all ADHD children. This raises the query whether there can be further subgrouping of ADHD children at the neurocognitive level.Objectives and aimsThis study aims at disentangling the heterogeneous neurocognitive deficits underlying ADHD. To achieve this, we explore if there are separable neurocognitive subgroups in ADHD children.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-four Chinese ADHD boys and 163 typically developing controls, aged 6 to 12, were recruited in Hong Kong. A neurocognitive battery of executive function (EF) measures was administered. Cluster analysis was first conducted to identify subgroups of ADHD children based on their neurocognitive functioning. MANOVA was then employed to further explore the differences between subgroups.ResultsTwo ADHD subgroups were identified. One subgroup showed multiple EF deficits, including disinhibition, impaired interference control, distorted temporal information processing, slow processing speed, and delay aversion. The other subgroup, on the contrary, had intact EF but increased response variability. Both subgroups had comparable ADHD phenotypic severity and comorbidity pattern. However, ADHD children in the EF deficits subgroup were more responsive to medication (i.e., methylphenidate).ConclusionResults support the neurocognitive heterogeneity of ADHD. EF deficits and response variability are two separable neurocognitive profiles underlying and subgrouping ADHD children of comparable severity. This subgrouping has implication for medication response and offers candidate endophenotypes for neuroimaging and genetic study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Which Type Of Management Is Most Suited For Patients With A Diagnosis Of False Self Personality (FSP) Within A Psychodynamically-Oriented Institutional Day Hospital? A Study
Authors: Giorgio G. , Marmo F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionOur work team have already found that our Institutional Psychiatric Open Light Treatment (IPOLT) model allows the patient affected by severe mental illness (SMI) to more easily express her/his personal coping skills rather than behaving passively thanks to the “real free spaces” separating a structured intervention from another. Our work consisted in evaluating how patients with FSP respond to IPOLT.ObjectivesThis paper describes observations of psychotic patients operating from the position of FSP in order to evaluate how they respond to IPOLT compared with other patients according to three standards (day hospital attendance, psychotic episodes and hospital admissions).AimsIdentify the core factors for management of patients with FSP in the context of IPOLT.MethodsWe isolated a sample including patients affected by severe mental illness (SMI); within this sample, we selected a small group of patients with FSP. During the last three years, we have been evaluating patients with FSP in terms of day hospital attendance, number of psychotic episodes and number of hospital admissions compared with data obtained from other patients with SMI without diagnosis of FSP.ResultsThe two data sets revealed no statistically significant differences in terms of the three standards.ConclusionsOur preliminary study showed a good effect for IPOLT treatment on patients with SMI. We expected that patients affected by SMI with FSP would have a different response to IPOLT, but it was not. We do not know whether such results depend on a too small sample of patients or inappropriate descriptors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Major Depressive Disorder With Psychotic Symptoms in Elderly. A Case Report
Authors: Hernández Sánchez J.M. , Cancino Botello M.C. , Molina Lopez M.F. , Canseco Navarro M.Á. , Arnés González S. , Muñoz Carril M. , Monzó J.A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe proportion of elderly people and affective syndromes are more and more common in developed countries. Elderly people have physiological conditions that may limit our intervention.ObjectivesTo present a case of a major depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms in a 72-year-old woman.MethodsMedline search and review of the clinical history and the related literature.ResultsWe present the case of a 72-year-old woman with psychiatric history of a major depressive disorder 14 years ago with ad integrum restitution after pharmacological treatment. In 2015, our patient was admitted to the psychiatry ward due to major depressive symptomatology (apathy, anhedonia, global insomnia, weight loss) that associated mood-congruent delusions (nihilistic, ruin, guilt, catastrophic) with deregulated behaviour. The patient was resistant to combined pharmacological treatment with aripiprazole, desvenlafaxine, mirtazapine and lorazepam, therefore, we decided to administer ECT, with successful results after 5 sessions. Brain tomography, blood and urine tests were normal. Clinical signs of dementia were not present.ConclusionsInpatients with deregulated behaviour; it is important to rule out organic causes, especially in elderly, in whom dementia, brain tumors or metabolic disturbances may simulate psychiatric syndromes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Differential Diagnosis Between Schizophrenia and in Major Depression: The Importance of Abnormal Bodily Phenomena
Authors: Mancini M. , Stanghellini G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAnomalies of bodily experience have for long been described as relevant features of schizophrenia and major depression, yet such experiences are usually neglected in clinical examination. Bodily experience is the implicit background of our experiences against which we develop a coherent sense of self as a unified, bounded entity, naturally immersed in a social world of meaningful others. Such tacit experiential background is often perturbed in schizophrenia and major depression. Empirical research shows that patients with schizophrenia and major depression frequently present many different kinds of anomalies of bodily experience in the course of their illness.ObjectiveTo characterize the abnormal bodily phenomena in both schizophrenia and major depression.AimTo improve differential diagnosis based on the identification of typical features of abnormal bodily experiences in persons affected by schizophrenia and major depression and to provide supplementary diagnostic criteria.MethodAnalysis of empirical and theoretical research published in the last 25 years.ResultOngoing bodily feelings of disintegration/violation and nothingness/mechanization (e.g. one's body experienced as a object-like mechanism) are the most typical experiences in people with schizophrenia whereas major depressives are not able to detach themselves from the experience of bodily failure or chrematization (from chrema = corpse, i.e., feeling like a corpse) and therefore, feel worthless, guilty, or decaying. They feel chrematized in their very self.ConclusionThese experiences might be considered as specific and they can contribute to differential diagnosis of somatic complaints in schizophrenia and in major depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Role of music and non-musical techniques in self-guided emotional regulation
Authors: Mohan R. , Anand N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionStudies on relationships between music, visual imagery or therapeutic techniques, like mindfulness and emotions have been undertaken with varying success in predominantly adult populations. Their role in the child and adolescent population remains unclear.Aims and objectivesWe undertook a systematic literature review to assess current evidence in the use of music, guided imagery with/without therapeutic techniques for emotional processing in adults, children and adolescents.MethodsWe identified 87 relevant papers (JSTOR, OVID Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Taylor & Francis and Wiley). We excluded non-English papers and qualitative analyses. Nine studies used quantitative techniques (Neuroimaging) for assessing emotional change using musical and non-musical stimuli (n = 77). Of these, four studies used fMRI and two used PET scans.ResultsfMRI demonstrates a significant relation between amygdalar activation and emotional response to visual imagery (P < 0.05, n = 45). Early information using PET scanning shows a significant association between activation of different parts of brain with varied visual imagery (one study, n = 5) and varied music (one study, n = 10). There is similarity in the activation of specific cortical areas using musical and non-musical stimuli. Two separate studies of patients with damaged amygdala due to disease (n = 6) showed significant impairment of emotional processing and response.ConclusionsThere is early encouraging data providing evidence of possible relationships between music and visual imagery in emotional processing. Further studies are needed to examine these in detail, especially in children/adolescents. Music with visual imagery may be a useful adjunct in the self-guided processing of milder emotional disorders with components of anxiety, depression, adjustment and emotional dysregulation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Erotomania – A Review of De CléRambault's Syndrome
Authors: Oliveira C. , Alves S. , Ferreira C. , Agostinho C. , Avelino M.J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionErotomania (also known as De Clerambault's syndrome) is usually described as a rare delusional syndrome characteristically involving an individual who believes that another person, typically of higher social, economic or political status, is in love with the individual. De Clerambault's syndrome remains a ubiquitous nosological psychiatric entity with uncertain prognosis that remains recognised as a subtype of delusional disorder in DSM 5.Objectives and aimsTo review the history of Erotomania as a nosological psychiatric entity, its clinical characteristics and course. Also to report some selected clinical cases.MethodsThe authors have conducted an online search on PubMed with MeSH words“erotomania”, “erotomaniac delusion” and “Clerambault” and systematically reviewed some case reports.ResultsErotomania is a relatively uncommon and misunderstood disorder characterised by the presence of a persistent erotic delusion. The individual (usually described as a woman) has had little or no contact with the other person who is perceived as watching over, protecting or following the individual. Despite various authors have described and named this syndrome, it was Clérambault who first classed the symptoms into the disorder he referred to as “psychose Passionelli” (1942). There are numerous theories as to the aetiology of this illness that is not uniquely associated with any specific disorder. We reviewed some clinical cases.ConclusionsErotomania is a relatively uncommon psychiatric disorder. An increased awareness and understanding of this illness will assist in the recognition of patients affected, opening doors for future progress on its aetiology and, therefore, the development of new treatment options.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The delusion of aurora (a structural and dynamic analysis)
Authors: Porta Pelayo D. , López Alonso L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe classical authors associate the insanity with delusions, without delusions there was not insanity. This axiom has changed nowadays, and it's also accepted that insanity can exist without delusions.AimWe aim to know and describe which factors are involved in the development of the delusion. Use these conclusions to drive the patient to the comprehension and acceptance of the reality.Objective(a) Unravel the mechanism of delusion, (b) seek the causes, (c) find out an explanation about the origin and development of the delusional thematic.MethodClinical biographic review, carried on in 2 steps: (a) review the delusions store in the Hermanas Hospitalarias Spanish hospitals (17 centres), (b) choose one of them, (c) use the inductive method for analyzing the details and for making conclusions in order to be apply in the delusional process.Results(a) Understand the internal dynamic of delusion and how the delusion becomes the main axis of the patient life. (b) The patient finds on the delusion a life motive, which did not exist before.ConclusionParaphrasing Dr.Castilla del Pino, “the delusion is a necessary mistake”. From the emotional point of view, it can be said “the delusion is a cry of a captured heart”.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Kraepelin's ghost: Late onset schizophrenia, dementia (non)praecox, or paraphrenia? (case report)
Authors: Vukovic V. , Nikolić Lalić S. , Voskresenski T. , Jokić S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIt is difficult to establish whether a patient has late onset schizophrenia or frontotemporal dementia. The object of the following case report is to point out the difficulty of making a differential diagnosis between these two entities.Case summaryA 49-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital after presenting with auditory and visual hallucinations, formal thought disorder, persecutory delusions, ideas of reference, insomnia. Memory, executive function and attentional tasks were severely compromised. Computerized tomography showed incipient frontal lobe atrophy. There were no significant abnormalities found in blood and urine samples or physical and neurological examinations. After showing no response to olanzapine, and extrapyramidal side effects to fluphenazine, risperidone was initiated which subsequently led to complete withdrawal of positive symptoms.DiscussionPatients presenting with psychotic symptoms after the age of 40 presented a diagnostic quandary, as they were less likely to present with negative symptoms, formal thought disorder or affective blunting, and more likely to have systematised delusions and visual hallucinations. Frontotemporal dementia is a disorder that can present itself with cognitive decline and a large range of psychiatric symptoms. The risk of late onset schizophrenia is greater in women, possibly implicating a causative role of female sex hormones. Atypical antipsychotics risperidone and olanzapine seem to be an adequate treatment.ConclusionSchizophrenia is a heterogeneous disease with a large variety of clinical manifestations. Special care should be given to patients with age over 40, including neurocognitive assessment, laboratory and hormone tests, and a long-term follow-up.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Assessing quality of life following long-acting injection treatment: 4 cases register
Authors: Calahorro C.M. , Guerrero Jiménez M. , Navarro Barrios J.C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionQuality of life is defined by the World Health Organization as “Individuals’ perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns.” Schizophrenia is a severe, disabling, lifelong disorder, associated with severe social and occupational dysfunction. Aripiprazole Long Acting Injection (LAI) is indicated for maintenance schizophrenia treatment in adult patients stabilised with oral aripiprazole. It is the fourth second-generation antipsychotic depot formulation approved for treating schizophrenia.ObjectivesAssessing quality of life in 4 patients treated with aripiprazole LAI.MethodsIn this paper, we evaluate of quality of life in 4 subjects with diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia (less 10 years of diagnostic), male, age between 42 and 50 years, with poor adherence to oral treatment. These patients received aripirazol LAI 400 mg/month. We evaluate quality of life at baseline and after 3 months. We used the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) and WHO-Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF).ResultsResults demonstrated significant greater improvements in all QLS scores. No significant changes in the WHOQOL-BREF total, but improvement in subscale scores.ConclusionQuality of life in schizophrenia is adversely influenced by the presence of clinical symptoms, especially negative and depressive. Depot medications can improve treatment adherence, however, long-term antipsychotic use can lead to irreversible adverse effects (dyskinesias), which in some cases were reduced by using newer antipsychotics (risperidone, paliperidone, aripiprazole). Aripiprazole LAI can be useful to improve quality of life. Further methodologically robust studies are needed to generate evidence-based conclusions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Antipsychotic medications and cardiometabolic risk – A review of current literature
Authors: Gunturu S. , Shah K. , Korenis P. , Lawler S. , Kucheria M. 
Published: May 2016

In the USA, 68% of adults and 31% of children are overweight or obese. Obesity doubles mortality rates and has significant associated medical costs with an average obese person spending $1500 or more per year. In addition, 10% of all adults and 23% of adults over 60 years have type 2 diabetes, with an average person spending $2257 or more per year. In 2009, 1 out of every 10 healthcare dollars was spent on type 2 diabetes, totalling $174 billion. People with serious and persistent mental illness die on average 25 years earlier than the general population. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in persons with mental illness and accounts for 60% of the increased mortality. Furthermore, 46.24% of individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors who are also on antipsychotic medications take high- to moderate-risk antipsychotics. The cluster of cardiometabolic syndrome includes: type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. There are, however, modifiable risk factors including smoking cessation, diet change, physical activity, medical care and choice of antipsychotic medication (on which the physician has direct control). More information is therefore needed on various antipsychotic medications and their associated cardiometabolic risk factors in order to educate physicians. In this review article, we examined 10 articles on antipsychotic medications, and their effect on the 5 domains, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Overall, there was a clear trend, which found a significant difference in the associated risk factors amongst various antipsychotic medications.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.