bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity with risk of late-life depression: a nationwide twin study
Authors: Yang Wenzhe , Li Weiwei , Wang Shuqi , Qi Xiuying , Sun Zhuoyu , Dove Abigail , Xu Weili 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) including heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes have been individually linked to depression. However, their combined impact on depression risk is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between cardiometabolic multimorbidity and depression and explore the role of genetic background in this association.

Methods
Within the Swedish Twin Registry, 40,080 depression-free individuals (mean age 60 years) were followed for 18 years. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 CMDs. CMDs and depression were ascertained based on the National Patient Register. Cox regression was used to estimate the CMD-depression association in a classical cohort study design and a matched co-twin design involving 176 twin pairs. By comparing the associations between monozygotic and dizygotic co-twins, the contribution of genetic background was estimated.

Results
At baseline, 4809 (12.0%) participants had one CMD and 969 (2.4%) had ≥2 CMDs. Over the follow-up period, 1361 participants developed depression. In the classical cohort design, the multi-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval [CIs]) of depression were 1.52 (1.31–1.76) for those with one CMD and 1.83 (1.29–2.58) for those with ≥2 CMDs. CMDs had a greater risk effect on depression if they developed in mid-life (<60 years) as opposed to late life (≥60 years). In matched co-twin analysis, the CMD-depression association was significant among dizygotic twins (HR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.02–2.59) but not monozygotic twins (HR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.32–2.51).

Conclusions
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity is associated with an elevated risk of depression. Genetic factors may contribute to the association between CMDs and depression.
The Impact of Multiple Births on Fertility: Stopping and Spacing in the United States During the Demographic Transition
Authors: Alter George , Hacker J. David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Multiple births strain mothers’ and families’ resources in ways that should highlight preferences for family size, birth spacing, and parity-dependent stopping behavior. Couples with surviving twins reach their target family size sooner than other couples and should be more likely to practice family limitation. Twins are also a greater burden on the mother's time and health, which could lead to postponing the next birth, even among couples who want additional children. We examine these hypotheses by analyzing families with twins in the 1900 and 1910 U.S. Censuses. Using reconstructed birth histories for more than 7 million women in the IPUMS full-count 1900 and 1910 datasets and event-history methods (Kaplan–Meier curves, cure models), we find clear evidence of family limitation following a multiple birth. Couples who had twins or triplets were more likely to stop childbearing, and those who continued having children delayed their next birth. Responses to multiple births were larger in groups previously identified as leaders in the transition to smaller families, and roughly one third of couples stopped after one or two children. We find no evidence that some groups relied primarily on birth spacing to reduce family size while others relied primarily on stopping.
A dynamic humidity arena to explore humidity-related behaviours in insects
Authors: Giri Ganesh , Nagloo Nicolas , Enjin Anders 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Humidity is a critical environmental factor influencing the behaviour of terrestrial organisms. Despite its significance, the neural mechanisms and behavioural algorithms governing humidity sensation remain poorly understood. Here, we introduce a dynamic humidity arena that measures the displacement and walking speed of insects responding to real-time changes in relative humidity (RH). This arena operates in a closed-loop mode, adjusting humidity based on the insect's position with 0.2% RH resolution, allowing the insect to choose its optimal humidity. It can also be set to maintain a specific RH, simulating an open-loop condition to observe insect behaviour at constant humidity levels. Using the dynamic humidity arena, we found that desiccated and starved Drosophila melanogaster search for a RH of around 65–70% at 23°C, whereas sated flies show no unique preference for any RH. If the desiccated and starved flies are rehydrated, their searching behaviour is abolished, suggesting that desiccation has a great impact on the measured response. In contrast, mutant flies with impaired humidity sensing, due to a non-functional ionotropic receptor (Ir)93a, show no preference for any RH level irrespective of being desiccated and starved or sated. These results demonstrate that the dynamic humidity arena is highly sensitive and precise in capturing the nuanced behaviours associated with hydration status and RH preference in D. melanogaster. The dynamic humidity arena is easily adaptable to insects of other sizes and offers a foundation for further research on the mechanisms of hygrosensation, opening new possibilities for understanding how organisms perceive and respond to humidity in their environment.
The role of mouse tails in response to external and self-generated balance perturbations on the roll plane
Authors: Lacava Salvatore A. , Isilak Necmettin , Uusisaari Marylka Y. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Chordate tails exhibit considerable morphological and functional diversity, with variations in length, diameter and texture adapted to various ecological roles. While some animals, including humans, have lost or reduced their tails, many vertebrates retain and use their tails for activities such as balancing, climbing and escaping predators. This study investigates how laboratory mice (Mus musculus) use their tails to maintain balance when dealing with external and self-generated perturbations. Mice crossed platforms of different widths, while responding to roll-plane tilts. Our findings show that mice swing their tails to counteract external roll perturbations, generating angular momentum to stabilize themselves. Mice were also found to use active (dynamic stabilizer) and passive (counterweight) tail movement strategies when locomoting on narrow platforms. The results suggest that the tail is a core component of mouse locomotion, especially in challenging balancing conditions.
A coati conundrum: how variation in levels of arboreality influences gait mechanics among three musteloid species
Authors: Granatosky Michael C. , Dickinson Edwin , Young Melody W. , Lemelin Pierre 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The gait characteristics associated with arboreal locomotion have been frequently discussed in the context of primate evolution, wherein they present as a trio of distinctive features: a diagonal-sequence, diagonal-couplet gait pattern; a protracted arm at forelimb touchdown; and a hindlimb-biased weight support pattern. The same locomotor characteristics have been found in the woolly opossum, a fine-branch arborealist similar in ecology to some small-bodied primates. To further our understanding of the functional link between arboreality and primate-like locomotion, we present comparative data collected in the laboratory for three musteloid taxa. Musteloidea represents an ecologically diverse superfamily spanning numerous locomotor specializations that includes the highly arboreal kinkajou (Potos flavus), mixed arboreal/terrestrial red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) and primarily terrestrial coatis (Nasua narica). This study applies a combined kinetic and kinematic approach to compare the locomotor behaviors of these three musteloid taxa, representing varying degrees of arboreal specialization. We observed highly arboreal kinkajous to share many locomotor traits with primates. In contrast, red pandas (mixed terrestrial/arborealist) showed gait characteristics found in most non-primate mammals. Coatis, however, demonstrated a unique combination of locomotor traits, combining a lateral-sequence, lateral-couplet gait pattern typical of long-legged, highly terrestrial mammals, varying degrees of arm protraction, and a hindlimb-biased weight support pattern typical of most primates and woolly opossums. We conclude that the three gait characteristics traditionally used to describe arboreal walking in primates can occur independently from one another and not necessarily as a suite of interdependent characteristics, a phenomenon that has been reported for some primates.
Another fly diuretic hormone: tachykinins increase fluid and ion transport by adult Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian ‘renal’ tubules
Authors: Agard Marishia A. , Zandawala Meet , Paluzzi Jean-Paul V. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Insects such as the model organism Drosophila melanogaster must modulate their internal physiology to withstand changes in temperature and availability of water and food. Regulation of the excretory system by peptidergic hormones is one mechanism by which insects maintain their internal homeostasis. Tachykinins are a family of neuropeptides that have been shown to stimulate fluid secretion from the Malpighian ‘renal’ tubules (MTs) in some insect species, but it is unclear if that is the case in the fruit fly, D. melanogaster. A central objective of the current study was to examine the physiological role of tachykinin signaling in the MTs of adult D. melanogaster. Using the genetic toolbox available in this model organism along with in vitro and whole-animal bioassays, our results indicate that Drosophila tachykinins (DTKs) function as diuretic hormones by binding to the DTK receptor (DTKR) localized in stellate cells of the MTs. Specifically, DTK activates cation and anion transport across the stimulated MTs, which impairs their survival in response to desiccation because of their inability to conserve water. Thus, besides their previously described roles in neuromodulation of pathways controlling locomotion and food search, olfactory processing, aggression, lipid metabolism and metabolic stress, processing of noxious stimuli and hormone release, DTKs also appear to function as bona fide endocrine factors regulating the excretory system and appear essential for the maintenance of hydromineral balance.
Senescence of humoral antimicrobial immunity occurs in infected mosquitoes when the temperature is higher
Authors: Martin Lindsay E. , Ruiz Monzerrat , Hillyer Julián F. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Mosquitoes cannot use metabolism to regulate their body temperature and therefore climate warming is altering their physiology. Mosquitoes also experience a physiological decline with aging, a phenomenon called senescence. Because both high temperature and aging are detrimental to mosquitoes, we hypothesized that high temperatures accelerate senescence. Here, we investigated how temperature and aging, independently and interactively, shape the antimicrobial immune response of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Using a zone-of-inhibition assay that measures the antimicrobial activity of hemolymph, we found that antimicrobial activity increases following infection. Moreover, in infected mosquitoes, antimicrobial activity weakens as the temperature rises to 32°C, and antimicrobial activity increases from 1 to 5 days of age and stabilizes with further aging. Importantly, in E. coli-infected mosquitoes, higher temperature causes an aging-dependent decline in antimicrobial activity. Altogether, this study demonstrates that higher temperature can accelerate immune senescence in infected mosquitoes, thereby interactively shaping their ability to fight an infection.
Capturing Staff Perspectives on Quality Interaction With Clients With Intellectual Disability: A Diary Study
Authors: Droogmans Gilles , Nijs Sara , Maes Bea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For people with severe or profound intellectual disability (ID), support staff are important interaction partners. The quality of their interactions, a multidimensional construct, is well documented, but the staff perspective remains underexposed. This study aims to capture the behaviors, thoughts, and emotions of staff when interacting with their clients, and their views on what constitutes quality. Thirty-four support staff completed a 5-day diary about a daily interaction with a specific client. A thematic analysis was carried out. The diary entries depicted behaviors and thoughts with different foci, and emotions with positive and negative valences. The pursuit of Harmonization and the experience of Return emerged as overarching dimensions central to staff’s views on quality interaction. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Self-Advocate and Family Member Experiences With Supported Decision Making
Authors: Dean Evan E. , Hagiwara Mayumi , Brunson Lashanna , Linnenkamp Brad , Swindler Sean , Shogren Karrie A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Supported decision making (SDM) is a needed focus of policy and practice to enhance opportunities for people with disabilities to exercise self-determination as they are supported to make decisions about their life. This study used content analysis to analyze five focus groups comprised of 27 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and 16 family members to understand how people with IDD use supports for decision making and how families support decision making. People with IDD and family members described a range of strategies and supports they used for decision making, including engaging trusted supporters, accessing technology, and using early experiences to build decision-making skills. Findings from this research can inform development of practices and policy to enhance use of SDM in research, policy, and practice.
“I Know How to Get Around Your ‘No’”: A Follow-Up of the FACES Psychoeducational Intervention
Authors: Pearson Jamie N. , Outlaw Janet K. , Stewart-Ginsburg Jared H. , Martin DeVoshia L. Mason 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Black children and their families encounter systemic disadvantages in their journey to and through an autism diagnosis. Black families often experience social and systemic barriers to service use. Providing family-centered, psychoeducational interventions can reduce barriers to service access and utilization for Black families raising autistic children. Fostering Advocacy, Communication, Empowerment, and Support (FACES) has demonstrated preliminary efficacy in strengthening outcomes among Black families, yet little is known about the long-term impact of the intervention. The purpose of this qualitative interview study was to understand the experiences of FACES graduates 16 months after the intervention. Four major themes emerged: (a) strengthened advocacy, (b) strengthened empowerment, (c) systemic barriers, and (d) home and community barriers. We provide implications for research and practice.
Experimental genital tract infection demonstrates Neisseria gonorrhoeae MtrCDE efflux pump is not required for in vivo human infection and identifies gonococcal colonization bottleneck
Authors: Waltmann Andreea , Balthazar Jacqueline T. , Begum Afrin A. , Hua Nancy , Jerse Ann E. , Shafer William M. , Hobbs Marcia M. , Duncan Joseph A. 
Published: September 2024

The MtrCDE efflux pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae exports a wide range of antimicrobial compounds that the gonococcus encounters at mucosal surfaces during colonization and infection and is a known gonococcal virulence factor. Here, we evaluate the role of this efflux pump system in strain FA1090 during in vivo human male urethral infection with N. gonorrhoeae using a controlled human infection model. With the strategy of competitive infections initiated with mixtures of wild-type FA1090 and an isogenic mutant FA1090 strain that does not contain a functional MtrCDE pump, we found that the presence of the efflux pump is not required for an infection to be established in the human male urethra. This finding contrasts with previous studies of in vivo infection in the lower genital tract of female mice, which demonstrated that mutant gonococci of a different strain (FA19) lacking a functional MtrCDE pump had a significantly reduced fitness compared to their wild-type parental FA19 strain. To determine if these conflicting results are due to strain or human vs. mouse differences, we conducted a series of systematic competitive infections in female mice with the same FA1090 strains as in humans, and with FA19 strains, including mutants that do not assemble a functional MtrCDE efflux pump. Our results indicate the fitness advantage provided by the MtrCDE efflux pump during infection of mice is strain dependent. Owing to the equal fitness of the two FA1090 strains in men, our experiments also demonstrated the presence of a colonization bottleneck of N. gonorrhoeae in the human male urethra, which may open a new area of inquiry into N. gonorrhoeae infection dynamics and control.
TRIAL REGISTRATION. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03840811.
Peaked solitary waves and shock waves of the Degasperis-Procesi-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Moon Byungsoo , Yang Chao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, we establish the existence and nonexistence of smooth and peaked solitary wave solutions (or periodic) to the Degasperis-Procesi-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (DP-KP) equation with a weak transverse effect. We have also shown that DP-KP equation possesses periodic shock waves similar to that of the Degasperis-Procesi equation.
Could L1 intonation patterns be applied in teaching Mandarin tones to atonal learners of Chinese? – An acoustic phonetic study
Authors: Juhász Kornélia , Bartos Huba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the acoustic comparison of Mandarin Chinese lexical tones and Hungarian monosyllabic intonation patterns. The aim of this experiment was to explore whether atonal L1 intonation patterns are applicable in teaching tones in L2 Mandarin Chinese, and also to investigate to what extent atonal and tonal monosyllabic contours differ. Mandarin Chinese rising Tone 2 is compared to two corresponding Hungarian rising contours: i) monosyllabic interrogative contour and ii) the rising phase of the f
0 pattern in alternative questions. Mandarin Chinese falling Tone 4 is likewise compared to Hungarian i) declarative and ii) imperative f
0 curves. We compared Mandarin Chinese and Hungarian native speakers’ production regarding five acoustic features. Results show that Mandarin Chinese Tone 2 is articulated with longer duration, and a more concave f
0 curve compared to Hungarian rising intonation patterns. Mandarin Chinese Tone 4, on the other hand, was found to differ from the Hungarian imperative contour only in terms of the f
0 curve shape, since Tone 4 featured a more domed curve. Hungarian declaratives are characterized by a more concave f
0 pattern, realized in a lower f
0 range compared to Tone 4. The results of this study may contribute to the proper application of atonal intonation patterns in L2 teaching of Mandarin Chinese through the differences and similarities between atonal and tonal monosyllabic f
0 patterns.
从语言交际性原则到语言交通性原则——关于国际中文教育总体性原则的哲学思考
Authors: 徐为民  , 吴剑  , 刘俊言  
Published: September 2024

提要
语言交际性原则被看作是对外汉语教学的总体性原则，它对对外汉语教学的发展具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。然而，这一原则也存在着特定的局限性，并由此造成了不少问题，主要表现为：把语言的作用仅限于人与人之间的接触往来而忽视了人与人之间的内在沟通;把语言看作是一种交际工具致使对外汉语教学成为一种纯粹的工具性教学，从而造成了“汉字难”等一系列教学怪论;把交际作为语言教学的中心内容造成了文化知识边缘化和碎片化。这些局限性和问题在一定程度上造成了对外汉语教学学科理论性的弱化以及学术地位的边缘化。在当前对外汉语教学向国际中文教育转向的背景下，语言交际性原则的这些局限性及问题不仅没有得到很好地关注与解决，反而日益凸显。因此，为更好地适应从“语”到“文”的这种转变，应该以金岳霖等倡导的语言“交通性”来替代或包容“交际性”，确立起语言交通性原则。基于语言交通性原则的国际中文教育应该具有更加宽广的包括人和世界交通在内的语言观，以语言的中介性替代语言的工具性，以大文化视域来替代单纯的语言视域，以口语书面语并重的教学理念替代单纯重口语的教学理念，以双向度的跨界教育理论来替代单向度的语言文化传播理论，以实现国际文化交流和世界文明互鉴。
Analyzing the Impact of Informal Labor Sector Regulation in the Context of International Trade: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Hernández-Luna Yezid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
I analyze the relationship between international trade and welfare using a theoretical model of heterogeneous firms with a labor market segregated between informal and formal firms. The segregation in this case is a result of the introduction in the market of a regulatory threshold, according to which firms having less than a certain quantity of workers are defined as informal, otherwise they are formal and should pay additional fixed and marginal labor costs. This threshold creates a situation where it is endogenously more profitable for the most productive informal firms to scale back production to avoid formal labor costs. The numerical solution of the model shows that, after trade openness, a share of the most productive informal firms become less productive informal, and that the less productive formal firms become most productive informal. The welfare in the economy decreases because of the shrinking of firms, the higher prices, and the reduction of available varieties. Likewise, the comparative static exercise yields evidence that a decrease in the regulatory threshold forces informal firms to become formal; therefore, under full employment conditions, such a policy increases all average wages and raises welfare.
Traditional landscape painting and art image restoration methods based on structural information guidance
Authors: Yao Zhimin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the field of traditional landscape painting and art image restoration, traditional restoration methods have gradually revealed limitations with the development of society and technological progress. In order to enhance the restoration effects of Chinese landscape paintings, an innovative image restoration algorithm is designed in this research, combining edge restoration with generative adversarial networks (GANs). Simultaneously, a novel image restoration model with embedded multi-scale attention dilated convolution is proposed to enhance the modeling capability for details and textures in landscape paintings. To better preserve the structural features of artistic images, a structural information-guided art image restoration model is introduced. The introduction of adversarial networks into the repair model can improve the repair effect. The art image repair model adds a multi-scale attention mechanism to handle more complex works of art. The research results show that the image detection model improves by 0.20, 0.07, and 0.06 in the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), respectively, compared to other models. The proposed method outperforms mean filtering, wavelet denoising, and median filtering algorithms by 6.3, 9.1, and 15.8 dB in PSNR and by 0.06, 0.12, and 0.11 in structural similarity index. In the image restoration task, the structural similarity and information entropy indicators of the research model increase by approximately 9.3 and 3%, respectively. The image restoration method proposed in this study is beneficial for preserving and restoring precious cultural heritage, especially traditional Chinese landscape paintings, providing new technological means for cultural relic restoration.