bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic shunt flow alterations through patent foramen ovale during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting induced by airway pressure changes: a case report
Authors: Honda Ayano , Yoshinaga Koichi , Hirasaki Yuji , Iizuka Yusuke , Otsuka Yuji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Interatrial right-to-left shunt flow through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) can be caused by changes in heart position for anastomosis during off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). We herein present a case in which the direction of PFO shunt flow changed with heart position during OPCAB and the ventilation settings after sternal closure.

Case presentation
A 66-year-old man with interstitial pneumonia underwent OPCAB. Preoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed right-to-left shunt flow through a PFO induced by the Valsalva maneuver. During OPCAB, heart displacement resulted in right-to-left shunting and acute hypoxemia, which quickly improved with increase of inspired oxygen fraction. After chest closure, bidirectional shunt flow developed under increased airway pressure.

Conclusions
Vigilant intraoperative monitoring with TEE and postoperative airway pressure management are important to address shunt flow and hypoxemia due to PFO.
Geomechanical modeling of reservoir dynamics associated with shallow injection and production in the Delaware Basin
Authors: Smart Kevin J. , Smye Katie M. , Cawood Adam J. , Ferrill David A. , Hennings Peter H. , Horne Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2024

The Permian Basin is an area of active hydrocarbon production and saltwater disposal as well as associated induced seismicity and other geomechanical responses that threaten the surface environment. Among the important but not yet fully answered questions are: (1) what are the temporal and spatial changes in stress and pore pressure in response to fluid injection and production, and (2) how do these changes relate to slip on preexisting faults and surface deformation? We simulate stress and pore pressure responses to saltwater injection in the Delaware Mountain Group (DMG) and production from the Wolfcamp and Bone Spring Formations with the aid of 2D geomechanical simulations that capture key mechanical stratigraphic units and representative faults. Primary loading consists of localized pore pressure changes that represent fluid injection into the DMG and production from the lowermost portion of the Bone Spring Formation, the entire Wolfcamp A Formation, and the uppermost portion of the Wolfcamp B Formation. Injection leads to pore pressure increase, vertical extension, reduction in mean stress, and increase in differential stress in the DMG. Production leads to decrease in pore pressure, vertical contraction, increase in mean stress, and increase in differential stress in the Bone Spring, and Wolfcamp A and B Formations. The net effect of injection and production in our generalized simulations is normal faulting slip on faults that are relatively shallow in the subsurface, similar to faults that are known to have produced seismogenic rupture. The combination of injection and production reproduces a spatially variant trend in uplift and subsidence, consistent with regional patterns measured in the study area via InSAR analysis. The modeled scenarios with shallow injection and/or production caused only small (<0.2 MPa) stress perturbations to propagate downward to basement, which would be unlikely to cause instability of deep-seated seismogenic faults.
Analysis of shear bands in bulk metallic glasses based on elastoplastic phase transformation theory
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xie Yu-Xin , Zhang Yitong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Shear bands in amorphous alloys have been widely observed in uniaxial tension and compression experiments, reflecting strain localization, with plastic deformation occurring within the shear bands. In many instances, failures of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) occur along the dominant shear bands. In this study, phase transformation theory is applied to investigate the mechanical properties of shear bands, focusing on the analysis of the two-phase deformations. The shear bands and the regions outside them are treated as two distinct phases in equilibrium. The deformation gradient tensor across the interface between these phases is discontinuous. By applying the jump conditions, governing equations are derived. As a case study, the shear bands and surrounding regions of plastic BMGs under uniaxial compression are analyzed, enabling the calculation of the stress associated with phase transformation and the inclination angle of the shear bands. The results obtained from this theoretical model align well with existing experimental and simulation data.
Effective medium theory for viscoelasticity of soft jammed solids
Authors: Mizuno Hideyuki , Ikeda Atsushi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The viscoelastic properties of soft jammed solids, such as foams, emulsions, and soft colloids, have been extensively studied in experiments. A particular focus has been placed on the phenomenon of anomalous viscous loss, characterized by a storage modulus

and a loss modulus

, where ω represents the frequency of the applied strain. In this work, we aim to develop a microscopic theory that explains these experimental observations. Our approach is based on effective medium theory (EMT), also referred to as coherent potential approximation theory. By incorporating the effects of contact damping, a key characteristic of soft jammed solids, into the EMT, we offer new insights into the viscoelastic behavior of these materials. The theory not only explains the observed viscoelastic properties but also links the anomalous viscous loss to the marginal stability inherent in amorphous systems. This research lays the groundwork for a microscopic theory that effectively describes the impact of damping on soft jammed solids and their characteristic viscoelastic behaviors.
Photonic millimeter-wave generation beyond the cavity thermal limit
Authors: Groman William , Kudelin Igor , Lind Alexander , Lee Dahyeon , Nakamura Takuma , Liu Yifan , Kelleher Megan L. , McLemore Charles A. , Guo Joel , Wu Lue , Jin Warren , Vahala Kerry J. , Bowers John E. , Quinlan Franklyn , Diddams Scott A. 
Published: October 2024

Next-generation communications, radar, and navigation systems will extend and exploit the higher bandwidth of the millimeter-wave domain for increased communication data rates as well as radar with higher sensitivity and increased spatial resolution. However, realizing these advantages will require the generation of millimeter-wave signals with low phase noise in simple and compact form-factors. Photonic integration addresses this challenge and provides a path toward simplified and portable, low-noise mm-wave generation. We leverage these advances by heterodyning two silicon photonic chip lasers, phase-locked to different axial modes of a miniature Fabry–Perot (F-P) cavity to demonstrate a simple framework for generating low-noise millimeter-waves. By reducing technical noise, we achieve common-mode rejection of the thermally driven Brownian noise such that the millimeter-wave phase noise surpasses that of the thermal limit of a single laser locked to the F-P cavity. This leads to a 118.1 GHz millimeter-wave signal with phase noise of −118dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, decreasing to −120dBc/Hz at 30 kHz offset. We achieve this with technologies that can be integrated into a platform less than ≈10mL. Our work overcomes fundamental thermal-mechanical noise limits intrinsic to integrated photonics, while illustrating advantages of the same for providing low-size, -weight, and -power (SWaP) mm-waves that will be enabling for multiple applications in communications and sensing.
Validity and reliability of Brier scoring for assessment of probabilistic diagnostic reasoning
Authors: Stehouwer Nathan , Rowland-Seymour Anastasia , Gruppen Larry , Albert Jeffrey M. , Qua Kelli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Educators need tools for the assessment of clinical reasoning that reflect the ambiguity of real-world practice and measure learners’ ability to determine diagnostic likelihood. In this study, the authors describe the use of the Brier score to assess and provide feedback on the quality of probabilistic diagnostic reasoning.

Methods
The authors describe a novel format called Diagnostic Forecasting (DxF), in which participants read a brief clinical case and assign a probability to each item on a differential diagnosis, order tests and select a final diagnosis. DxF was piloted in a cohort of senior medical students. DxF evaluated students’ answers with Brier scores, which compare probabilistic forecasts with case outcomes. The validity of Brier scores in DxF was assessed by comparison to subsequent decision-making in the game environment of DxF, as well as external criteria including medical knowledge tests and performance on clinical rotations.

Results
Brier scores were statistically significantly correlated with diagnostic accuracy (95 % CI −4.4 to −0.44) and with mean scores on the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) shelf exams (95 % CI −474.6 to −225.1). Brier scores did not correlate with clerkship grades or performance on a structured clinical skills exam. Reliability as measured by within-student correlation was low.

Conclusions
Brier scoring showed evidence for validity as a measurement of medical knowledge and predictor of clinical decision-making. Further work must evaluated the ability of Brier scores to predict clinical and workplace-based outcomes, and develop reliable approaches to measuring probabilistic reasoning.
Of Birds and Men in Rural Norway: Self, Place and Landscape in Vesaas and Lirhus
Authors: Kvangraven Endre Harvold 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Agnar Lirhus’s Nå hogger de (2020) and Tarjei Vesaas’s Fuglane (1957) both feature a main character whose self-narrative is formed through interaction with nonhuman animals and grounded in attachment to place. These characters break with the dominant cultural ontology by attributing agency and intrinsic value to beings who are otherwise ignored or pursued for utilitarian purposes. I consider the ethical implications of their encounters with nonhumans, exploring whether these can be considered social interactions or are better understood as occurring on a spiritual plane. Finally, I show that the choice of outsiders as main characters can function as a literary strategy for questioning the dominant cultural ontology.
Med blick, hand och penna
Authors: Källström Lisa , Rigler Petra Bäni 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between aesthetics and pedagogy by focusing on the aesthetic design of reading books. The idea that multiple senses and activities interact when children learn to read is not new in educational studies. Research shows that children’s aesthetic experiences can contribute to increased learning outcome. In this article, we discuss the application of such considerations by examining two reading books in the Swedish series Vill du läsa? (1935–1936) and Nu ska vi läsa (1948–1949), thus taking a historical perspective on the topic. The books were illustrated by two of Sweden’s most famous artists, Elsa Beskow and Ingrid Vang Nyman. We examine how the books appeal to the reader’s creativity and playfulness. Our theoretical starting point is Walter Benjamin’s reflections on the reading and writing child where the gaze is also important. Benjamin’s thoughts were important for Swedish reform pedagogy, which in turn influenced the work of Elsa Beskow and Ingrid Vang Nyman. With the reform pedagogy’s celebration of the creative child, the focus shifts from the book as a product to the actual learning process for which the aesthetic is a prerequisite.
On monoids of endomorphisms of a cycle graph
Authors: Dimitrova Ilinka , Fernandes Vitor H. , Koppitz Jörg , Quinteiro Teresa M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider endomorphisms of an undirected cycle graph from Semigroup Theory perspective. Our main aim is to present a process to determine sets of generators with minimal cardinality for the monoids wEndCn
and EndCn
of all weak endomorphisms and all endomorphisms of an undirected cycle graph Cn
with n vertices. We also describe Green’s relations and regularity of these monoids and calculate their cardinalities.
The influence of separating cycles in drawings of K
5 ∖ e in the join product with paths and cycles
Authors: Staš Michal , Timková Mária 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The crossing number cr(H) of a graph H is the minimum number of edge crossings over all drawings of H in the plane. Let H
∗ be the connected graph of order five isomorphic to K
5 ∖ e obtained by removing one edge from the complete graph K
5. The main aim of the paper is to give the crossing numbers of the join products H
∗ + Pn
and H
∗ + Cn
, where Pn
and Cn
are the path and the cycle on n vertices, respectively. The proofs are done with the help of a suitable classification of a large number of drawings of the graph H
∗ in view of the existence of a separating cycle of two possible types.
On the monogenity and Galois group of certain classes of polynomials
Authors: Jakhar Anuj , Kalwaniya Ravi , Yadav Prabhakar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We say a monic polynomial g(x) ∈ ℤ[x] of degree n is monogenic if g(x) is irreducible over ℚ and {1, θ, …, θ

n−1} is a basis for the ring ℤ
K
of integers of number field K = ℚ(θ), where θ is a root of g(x). Let

f
(
x
)
=

x
n

+
c

∑

i
=
1

n

(
a
x

)

n
−
i

∈

Z

[
x
]

and

F
(
x
)
=

x
n

+
c

∑

i
=
1

n

a

i
−
1

x

n
−
i

∈

Z

[
x
]

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
f(x)=x^n+c\sum_{i=1}^{n}(ax)^{n-i} \in \mathbb{Z}[x] \,\text{and}\, F(x)=x^n+c\sum_{i=1}^{n}a^{i-1}x^{n-i} \in \mathbb{Z}[x]
\end{array}$

be irreducible polynomials having degree n ≥ 3. In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions involving only a, c, n for the polynomials f(x) and F(x) to be monogenic. As an application, we also provide a class of polynomials having a non square-free discriminant and Galois group Sn
, the symmetric group on n letters.
On the relation of Kannan contraction and Banach contraction
Authors: Cvetković Marija 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Kannan contraction is broadly investigated topic in Metric Fixed Point Theory due to its importance in omitting the continuity presumption. Of a great significance is also its role in characterizing completeness of a metric space through existence and uniqueness of a fixed point of arbitrary Kannan contraction in the observed setting. The concept of Kannan contraction has been adapted, extended and transferred to various types of spaces including cone metric spaces, quasi metric spaces, b-metric spaces, partial metric spaces, among others. The main aim of this article is to prove that for any Kannan contraction T on a complete metric space (X, d) there exists another metric on the set X in relation to which T is a Banach contraction while the completeness is preserved. In that way, all results on Kannan contraction may be derived as corollaries of the Banach contraction principle. The converse also holds since, by altering the metric, Banach contraction becomes a Kannan contraction. The obtained theoretical results are substantiated with adequate examples.
Residual Inaccuracy Extropy and its properties
Authors: Hashempour Majid , Toomaj Abdolsaeed , Kazemi Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a novel concept of a dynamic residual inaccuracy measure based on extropy. We extend the traditional residual inaccuracy measure to its dynamic version, which allows us to measure the discrepancy between two residual life distributions. We study the properties of the proposed measure, including its discrimination principle and the proportional hazard rate model. We also investigate a characterization problem related to the extropy inaccuracy measure and propose some alternative expressions of the dynamic residual measure of inaccuracy. Furthermore, we establish upper and lower bounds and some inequalities concerning dynamic residual inaccuracy measures based on extropy. We demonstrate that the defined measure of inaccuracy is invariant under scale but not under location transformation. The given findings have important implications for statistical inference, estimation, and modeling. The proposed extropy-based dynamic residual inaccuracy measure provides a powerful tool for quantifying the discrepancy between two residual life distributions over time. At the end of the paper, we provide two non-parametric estimators for the proposed extropy measure of inaccuracy for both the non-censored (complete sample) and the right-censored scheme. The performances of these estimators are compared numerically based on their bias and MSE.
6-(2′,3′-Dihydroxy-3′-methylbutyl)-7-methoxy-8-(3″-methylbut-2″-en-1″-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one, C20H26O5
Authors: Zhang Yin-Ju , Li Qi-ji , Chen Fa-ju , Pan Xiong , Zhou Lang , Yang Xiao-Sheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
C20H26O5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.2825(10) Å, b = 13.0652(2) Å, c = 26.4176(4) Å, V = 1823.26(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0338, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0821, T = 150 K. CCDC No.: 2377464.
Computational analysis of the Covid-19 model using the continuous Galerkin–Petrov scheme
Authors: Naz Rahila , Jan Aasim Ullah , Attaullah  , Boulaaras Salah , Guefaifia Rafik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Epidemiological models feature reliable and valuable insights into the prevention and transmission of life-threatening illnesses. In this study, a novel SIR mathematical model for COVID-19 is formulated and examined. The newly developed model has been thoroughly explored through theoretical analysis and computational methods, specifically the continuous Galerkin–Petrov (cGP) scheme. The next-generation matrix approach was used to calculate the reproduction number

(

R

0

)

({R}_{0})

. Both disease-free equilibrium (DFE)

(

E

0

)

({E}^{0})

and the endemic equilibrium

(

E

⁎

)

({E}^{\ast })

points are derived for the proposed model. The stability analysis of the equilibrium points reveals that

(

E

0

)

({E}^{0})

is locally asymptotically stable when

R

0

<
1

{R}_{0}\lt 1

, while

E

⁎

{E}^{\ast }

is globally asymptotically stable when

R

0

>
1

{R}_{0}\gt 1

. We have examined the model’s local stability (LS) and global stability (GS) for endemic equilibrium

\text{&#x00A0;}

and DFE based on the number

(

R

0

)

({R}_{0})

. To ascertain the dominance of the parameters, we examined the sensitivity of the number

(

R

0

)

({R}_{0})

to parameters and computed sensitivity indices. Additionally, using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK4) and Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RK45) techniques implemented in MATLAB, we determined the numerical solutions. Furthermore, the model was solved using the continuous cGP time discretization technique. We implemented a variety of schemes like cGP(2), RK4, and RK45 for the COVID-19 model and presented the numerical and graphical solutions of the model. Furthermore, we compared the results obtained using the above-mentioned schemes and observed that all results overlap with each other. The significant properties of several physical parameters under consideration were discussed. In the end, the computational analysis shows a clear image of the rise and fall in the spread of this disease over time in a specific location.
Experimental and numerical investigations into torsional-flexural behaviours of railway composite sleepers and bearers
Authors: Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Thomas Joby Johnson , Sengsri Pasakorn , Qin Xia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fibre-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU) composite sleepers and bearers are safety-critical components installed in complex railway switches and crossings. Not only does they need to provide vertical track support, the composite sleepers and bearers must also endure longitudinal and lateral actions stemming from complex wheel and rail interactions. In reality, the railway bearers at crossing noses are susceptible to coupling torsional-flexural loading. The complex non-linear behaviours have never been investigated numerically nor experimentally. It is thus necessary to comprehend torsional-flexural behaviours of FFU composite sleepers and bearers through finite element and experimental approaches. 3D finite element modelling of FFU composite beams have been established to predict the non-linear coupling behaviours. Three specimens of FFU beams have been prepared for robust experiments under each load case. Our studies exhibit excellent agreement between numerical and experimental results. The ductile failure behaviours (post yield point) have been observed from the experiments. Considerable effects of load eccentricity on the flexure–torsion behaviours of the composite members can also be noted. In addition, the load-eccentricity curves have been identified to portray the non-linear behaviour of the railway components under coupling flexural and torsional loadings. The new insights considering their load–displacement relationships, modes of failure and damage, flexural and torsional interactions are the precursors for railway engineers to design and adopt FFU composite sleepers and bearers in practice where complex wheel/rail interface generally causes coupling torsional and vertical loading conditions.
Microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion characteristics of Mg–Gd–x systems: A review of recent advancements
Authors: Sudharsan S. , Raja Annamalai A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The alloys composed of magnesium (Mg) are deemed appropriate materials for utilization in the automotive, aerospace, and medical sectors due to their exceptionally high specific strength and density. Due to the strengthening mechanisms and superior mechanical properties, Mg–Gd systems pique the interest of researchers. The property enhancement is enabled by the formation of nano-scale stable (β) and metastable (β′) precipitates in the Mg–Gd system. Additionally, the concentration of the various alloying elements significantly influences the formation of the nano-level precipitates. This article presents an overview of the Mg–Gd system, focusing on its microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior. In addition, the variety of manufacturing processes utilized to fabricate the Mg–Gd system is also discussed. Enhanced mechanical properties were attained through the combination of casting/deformation methods and various heat treatment techniques. The mechanical and corrosion behaviors have been extensively discussed, in connection to the effects of the second phase/precipitates. This article provides an overview of recent developments pertaining to Mg–Gd alloy and extrapolates potential future developments.
Elicitation tasks, language contact, and syllable structure in Budai Rukai
Authors: Chen Chun-Mei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This target paper builds on previous literature in Budai Rukai to develop a nuanced framework for examining the syllable structure and the impact of Chinese language education on speakers’ judgments. It demonstrates new dimensions of overarching corroboration of intonational phonology and is a worthwhile endeavor. In this commentary, I address the issues of elicitation tasks and language contact by illustrating that the syllable structure of Budai Rukai is still undergoing age-related changes and remains to be discussed.