bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User perceptions of mental health consequences of hallucinogen use in self-identified spiritual contexts
Authors: Johnstad Petter Grahl 
Published: January 2016

Aims The article aims to gain insight into the private worlds of users of hallucinogenic drugs in spiritual contexts, with a focus on the self-perceived mental health implications of their practices. This will help us understand the rationale behind and consequences of hallucinogenic drug use. Method Respondents were recruited at several internet fora for individual email-mediated interviews (n = 5) or group interviews in public discussion threads (n = 11). They were predominantly males in their 30s or 40s with stable jobs and living conditions and extensive hallucinogen experience. Results Both positive and adverse consequences were assessed, and respondents emphasised the capacity of hallucinogenic drugs for healing and personal growth; even adverse experiences (“bad trips”) were regarded as valuable for these purposes. The dependence potential of these drugs was regarded as low because of an inherent self-regulatory mechanism whereby positive effects disappear with overuse. A minority of participants reported mental health problems that may result from their hallucinogen use, but the majority have experienced no significant adverse reactions after many years of use. This should be seen in light of the low frequency of their hallucinogen use. Conclusion The study obtained evidence of a predominantly male group of mature users taking hallucinogens in carefully prepared sessions for the purpose of personal spiritual growth, acknowledging some risks but also several benefits from this practice.
Environmental and temperamental correlates of alcohol user patterns in grade 7 students
Authors: Torsheim Torbjørn , Sørlie Mari-Anne , Olseth Asgeir , Bjørnebekk Gunnar 
Published: January 2016

Aims We examined the effects of temperamental dispositions, friends using alcohol and parental monitoring on grade 7 students' alcohol use patterns. Design The analyses were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of 3710 grade 7 students (mean age =12.53) that participated in a large Norwegian school-based intervention study. Alcohol user patterns were measured through combining self-reported lifetime alcohol experience, heavy episodic drinking and any alcohol involvement in the previous 30 days. Behavioural inhibition/activation sensitivity (BIS/BAS), parental monitoring and the number of friends using alcohol were measured through the adolescents' self-report. Results As many as 68.8% of boys and 83.3% of girls were non-users of alcohol, whereas 9.1% of boys and 3.9% of girls reported use of alcohol last month. Heavy episodic drinking last month was reported by 3.1% of the boys and by 0.8 % of the girls. A multinomial regression analysis revealed strong associations between the number of friends using alcohol and alcohol user patterns, moderate inverse associations between parental monitoring and alcohol user patterns, and a weak association between BIS/BAS components and alcohol user patterns. Conclusion The results demonstrate the importance of socio-environmental factors in a period in which alcohol use is predictive of later negative outcomes.
On the Solution of Burgers’ Equation with the New
Fractional Derivative
Authors: Kurt Ali , Çenesiz Yücel , Tasbozan Orkun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Firstly in this article, the exact solution of a time
fractional Burgers’ equation, where the derivative is conformable
fractional derivative, with dirichlet and initial
conditions is found byHopf-Cole transform. Thereafter the
approximate analytical solution of the time conformable
fractional Burger’s equation is determined by using a Homotopy
Analysis Method(HAM). This solution involves an
auxiliary parameter ~ which we also determine. The numerical
solution of Burgers’ equation with the analytical
solution obtained by using the Hopf-Cole transform is
compared.
A Note on Optimal Control Problem Governed by
Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Koçak Yusuf , Çelik Ercan , Aksoy Nigar Yıldırım 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this work, we present some results showing
the controllability of the linear Schrödinger equation with
complex potentials. Firstly we investigate the existence
and uniqueness theorem for solution of the considered
problem. Then we find the gradient of the cost functional
with the help of Hamilton-Pontryagin functions. Finally
we state a necessary condition in the form of variational
inequality for the optimal solution using this gradient.
Oscillation of fractional order functional differential equations
with nonlinear damping
Authors: Bayram Mustafa , Adiguzel Hakan , Ogrekci Suleyman 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with the oscillatory
behavior of a class of fractional differential equations
with functional terms. The fractional derivative is defined
in the sense of the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative.
Based on a certain variable transformation, by using a generalized
Riccati transformation, generalized Philos type
kernels, and averaging techniques we establish new interval
oscillation criteria. Illustrative examples are also given.
Erlang Strength Model for Exponential Effects
Authors: Gökdere Gökhan , Gürcan Mehmet 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
All technical systems have been designed to perform
their intended tasks in a specific ambient. Some systems
can perform their tasks in a variety of distinctive levels.
A system that can have a finite number of performance
rates is called a multi-state system. Generally multi-state
system is consisted of components that they also can be
multi-state. The performance rates of components constituting
a system can also vary as a result of their deterioration
or in consequence of variable environmental conditions.
Components failures can lead to the degradation
of the entire multi-state system performance. The performance
rates of the components can range from perfect
functioning up to complete failure. The quality of the system
is completely determined by components. In this article,
a possible state for the single component system,
where component is subject to two stresses, is considered
under stress-strength model which makes the component
multi-state. The probabilities of component are studied
when strength of the component is Erlang random variables
and the stresses are independent exponential random
variables. Also, the probabilities of component are
considered when the stresses are dependent exponential
random variables.
Trigonometric quadratic B-spline subdomain
Galerkin algorithm for the Burgers’ equation
Authors: Ay Buket , Dag Idris , Gorgulu Melis Zorsahin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A variant of the subdomain Galerkin method has
been set up to find numerical solutions of the Burgers’
equation. Approximate function consists of the combination
of the trigonometric B-splines. Integration of Burgers’
equation has been achived by aid of the subdomain
Galerkin method based on the trigonometric B-splines as
an approximate functions. The resulting first order ordinary
differential system has been converted into an iterative
algebraic equation by use of the Crank-Nicolson
method at successive two time levels. The suggested algorithm
is tested on somewell-known problems for the Burgers’
equation.
Multidecadal (1960–2011) shoreline changes in Isbjørnhamna (Hornsund, Svalbard)
Authors: Zagórski Piotr , Rodzik Jan , Moskalik Mateusz , Strzelecki Mateusz C. , Lim Michael , Błaszczyk Małgorzata , Promińska Agnieszka , Kruszewski Grzegorz , Styszyńska Anna , Malczewski Artur 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA section of a gravel-dominated coast in Isbjørnhamna (Hornsund, Svalbard) was analysed to calculate the rate of shoreline changes and explain processes controlling coastal zone development over last 50 years. Between 1960 and 2011, coastal landscape of Isbjørnhamna experienced a significant shift from dominated by influence of tide-water glacier and protected by prolonged sea-ice conditions towards storm-affected and rapidly changing coast. Information derived from analyses of aerial images and geomorphological mapping shows that the Isbjørnhamna coastal zone is dominated by coastal erosion resulting in a shore area reduction of more than 31,600 m2. With ~3,500 m2of local aggradation, the general balance of changes in the study area of the shore is negative, and amounts to a loss of more than 28,000 m2. Mean shoreline change is −13.1 m (−0.26 m a−1). Erosional processes threaten the Polish Polar Station infrastructure and may damage of one of the storage buildings in nearby future.
Late Cenozoic Bryozoa from diamictites of Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Adamonis Susana , Hara Urszula , Concheyro Andrea 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBryozoans were found in upper Cenozoic diamictite debris that crops out at the southwestern tip of Cape Lamb, Vega Island. The diamictite is the youngest deposit on the island and richly composed of foraminifers, brachiopods and scallops. The foraminifera assemblage recovered from the Cape Lamb diamictite and87Sr/86Sr isotopic age obtained from the pectinidAdamussium colbeckiin the nearby locality of Terrapin indicates a Pleistocene age for this deposit. The main goal of this contribution is to present a bryozoan assemblage ofMicroporella stenoportaHaywardetTaylor,Hippothoa flagellumManzoni,Ellisina antarctica(Kluge),Micropora notialisHaywardetRyland and an indeterminate crisiid constituting the first record of these bryozoan taxa in Cenozoic diamictites of the Antarctic Peninsula.
Eocene age of the Baranowski Glacier Group at Red Hill, King George Island, West Antarctica
Authors: Mozer Anna , Pécskay Zoltán , Krajewski Krzysztof P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRadiometric and geochemical studies were carried out at Red Hill in the southern part of King George Island (South Shetland Islands, northern Antarctic Peninsula) on the Bransfield Strait coast. The rock succession at Red Hill has been determined to represent the Baranowski Glacier Group that was previously assigned a Late Cretaceous age. Two formations were distinguished within this succession: the lower Llano Point Formation and the upper Zamek Formation. These formations have stratotypes defined further to the north on the western coast of Admiralty Bay. On Red Hill the Llano Point Formation consists of terrestrial lavas and pyroclastic breccia; the Zamek Formation consist predominantly of fine to coarse tuff, pyroclastic breccia, lavas, tuffaceous mud-, silt-, and sandstone, locally conglomeratic. The lower part of the Zamek Formation contains plant detritus (Nothofagus, dicotyledonous, thermophilous ferns) and numerous coal seams (vitrinitic composition) that confirm the abundance of vegetation on stratovolcanic slopes and surrounding lowlands at that time. Selected basic to intermediate igneous rocks from the succession have been analysed for the whole-rock K-Ar age determination. The obtained results indicate that the Red Hill succession was formed in two stages: (1) from about 51–50 Ma; and (2) 46–42 Ma,i.e.during the Early to Middle Eocene. This, in combination with other data obtained from other Baranowski Glacier Group exposures on western coast of Admiralty Bay, confirms the recently defined position of the volcano-clastic succession in the stratigraphic scheme of King George Island. The new stratigraphic position and lithofacies development of the Red Hill succession strongly suggest its correlation with other Eocene formations containing fossil plants and coal seams that commonly occur on King George Island.
Another look at tarsometatarsi of early penguins
Authors: Jadwiszczak Piotr 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe tarsometatarsus, a compound bone from the lower leg in birds, is the most important skeletal element in fossil penguin taxonomy, especially in the case of early members of this group. However, any attempt to go beyond the problem of mere classification obviously requires the better understanding of osteological traits under consideration. This in turn touches on the issue of interplay between bone and concomitant soft-tissue structures, such as muscles, tendons and vessels. This paper focuses on the more holistic comprehension of the tarsometatarsal section of the Eocene penguin foot, based on the analysis of the myology and the vascular system of its modern counterparts. A number of graphical reconstructions are provided with a discussion of the role of the hypotarsus and intermetatarsal foramina.
Agency, accountability and evaluations of impoliteness
Authors: Mitchell Nathaniel , Haugh Michael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIt is now well recognized that the recipients’ evaluations need to be given serious consideration when theorizing impoliteness. Yet despite the importance placed on evaluations by recipients, the role of the recipient in interaction has been reduced through theorizing within the field to the ascribing of (perceived) intentions or interpreting of (perceived) social norms and expectations. We suggest, in this paper, that this under-theorizes the role of the recipient vis-à-vis evaluations of impoliteness. Building on an account of (im)politeness as social practice (Haugh 2013b, 2015; Kádár and Haugh 2013), we argue that evaluations of impoliteness inevitably involve those recipients construing the speaker’s action as a particular kind of social action, and holding them accountable for that particular kind of social action with respect to particular dimension(s) of the moral order (Haugh 2013a, 2015). The accountability of social action is underpinned, in part, by the presumed agency of participants. Agency involves the
The landscape of impoliteness research
Authors: Dynel Marta 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article attempts to give a state-of-the-art picture of impoliteness studies and to indicate a few prospective research directions to enrich them. It critically surveys a number of theoretical and methodological problems (impoliteness vs. rudeness; intention; sanctioned face-threat; and impoliteness strategies), as well as the paramount topics of investigation (such as disagreement; arguments; insults, taboo words; or sarcasm), and discourse domains in which impoliteness can be found. Importantly, this paper brings to focus a selection of notions central to impoliteness, albeit not yet widely recognized in the scholarship on impoliteness. These include: slurs; pejoratives; and a number of phenomena promoted by computer mediated communication (e.g., flaming or trolling).
Temperature Changes In Poland In 21st Century – Results Of Global Simulation And Regional Downscaling
Authors: Pilarski Michał 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The main source of information about future climate changes are the results of numerical simulations performed in scientific institutions around the world. Present projections from global circulation models (GCMs) are too coarse and are only usefulness for the world, hemisphere or continent spatial analysis. The low horizontal resolution of global models (100–200 km), does not allow to assess climate changes at regional or local scales. Therefore it is necessary to lead studies concerning how to detail the GCMs information. The problem of information transfer from the GCMs to higher spatial scale solve: dynamical and statistical downscaling. The dynamical downscaling method based on “nesting” global information in a regional models (RCMs), which solve the equations of motion and the thermodynamic laws in a small spatial scale (10–50 km). However, the statistical downscaling models (SDMs) identify the relationship between large-scale variable (predictor) and small-scale variable (predictand) implementing linear regression. The main goal of the study was to compare the global model scenarios of thermal condition in Poland in XXI century with the more accurate statistical and dynamical regional models outcomes. Generally studies confirmed usefulness of statistical downscaling to detail information from GCMs. Basic results present that regional models captured local aspects of thermal conditions variability especially in coastal zone.
Regional Hazard Analysis For Use In Vulnerability And Risk Assessment
Authors: Maris Fotios , Kitikidou Kyriaki , Paparrizos Spyridon , Karagiorgos Konstantinos , Potouridis Simeon , Fuchs Sven 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A method for supporting an operational regional risk and vulnerability analysis for hydrological hazards is suggested and applied in the Island of Cyprus. The method aggregates the output of a hydrological flow model forced by observed temperatures and precipitations, with observed discharge data. A scheme supported by observed discharge is applied for model calibration. A comparison of different calibration schemes indicated that the same model parameters can be used for the entire country. In addition, it was demonstrated that, for operational purposes, it is sufficient to rely on a few stations. Model parameters were adjusted to account for land use and thus for vulnerability of elements at risk by comparing observed and simulated flow patterns, using all components of the hydrological model. The results can be used for regional risk and vulnerability analysis in order to increase the resilience of the affected population.
Palaeogeographical And Archaeological Records Of Natural Changes Of The Jordanowo-Niesulice Subglacial Channel Near Lubrza, The Lubusz Lakeland
Authors: Ratajczak-Szczerba Magdalena , Sobkowiak-Tabaka Iwona , Okuniewska-Nowaczyk Iwona 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The region of the Lubusz Lakeland in western Poland where there are a lot of subglacial channels provides opportunity for multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. None of them has not been the object of a specific study. The developmental history of the palaeolakes and their vicinity in the subglacial trough Jordanowo-Niesulice, spanning the Late Glacial and beginning of the Holocene, was investigated using geological research, lithological and geomorphological analysis, geochemical composition, palynological and archaeological research, OSL and AMS-radiocarbon dating. Geological research shows varied morphology of subglacial channel where at least two different reservoirs functioned in the end of the Last Glacial period and at the beginning of the Holocene. Mostly during the Bølling-Allerød interval and at the beginning of the Younger Dryas there took place melting of buried ice-blocks which preserved the analysied course of the Jordanowo-Niesulice trough. The level of water, and especially depth of reservoirs underwent also changes. Palynological analysis shows very diversified course of the Allerød interval.
Driving Forces Of The Development Of Suburban Landscape – A Case Study Of The Sulkov Site West Of Pilsen
Authors: Kopp Jan , Frajer Jindřich , Pavelková Renata 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the study area of the Sulkov site in the western part of the suburban landscape of the city of Pilsen we focus on detailed historical analysis of the development of the landscape, which has undergone significant changes, and thus clearly demonstrates the impact of the driving forces on both the regional and inter-regional levels. The documented historical development of ecotopes proved that the fundamental changes in the use of the natural potential had been determined by social and economical demand. The specific use of each type of ecotopes of the site was then co-decided by the natural potential of the area and the geographic location with good transport connection, i.e. local and regional factors.
The Impact Of Anthropogenic Pressure On The Change Of Water Relations In Gardno-Łeba Lowland
Authors: Chlost Izabela , Sikora Magda 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article presents an analysis of cartographic materials of the 19th and 20th centuries in terms of changes in the surface water network of the Gardno-Łeba Lowland. The obtained results confirmed that the natural water network was slightly transformed in the first half of the 19th century and considerably increased in the 20th century as a result of agricultural drainage system, especially drainage of wetlands, and river regulations. As a consequence, a hydrographic system with a forced water circulation has developed, that is quite different from the natural. On the one hand, it has become the reason for reversing the proportion in which the groundwater resources have been depleted, along with an increase in the surface water network density, and on the other hand it has caused a change in land use.
Methodological Triangulation In Movement Pattern Research
Authors: Kotus Jacek , Rzeszewski Michał 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The application of GIS and GPS methods together with qualitative sociological methods is one of the current fields of discussion in studies of human behaviour in space. The authors ask about the justification, manner and value of using the ‘triad’: quantitative GIS measurement methods – qualitative sociological methods – quasi-experiment. A mixed-method approach in an analysis of human movement patterns is introduced. Also, the role of the investigator in such projects is discussed.
Entropy In Regional Analysis
Authors: Czyż Teresa , Hauke Jan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Entropy has been proposed as a significant tool for an analysis of spatial differences. Using Semple and Gauthier’s (1972) transformation of the Shannon entropy statistic into an entropy measure of inequality and their algorithm, an estimation is made of changes in regional inequality in Poland over the years 2005–2012. The inequality is decomposed into total, inter- and intra-regional types, and an analysis is made of relations holding between them.
An in-situ X-ray absorption spectroelectrochemical study of the electroreduction of uranium ions in HCl, HNO3, and
Na2CO3 solutions
Authors: Uehara Akihiro , Fujii Toshiyuki , Yamana Hajimu , Okamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A spectroelectrochemical cell was fabricated for in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (in-situ XAS). The XAS spectra of the uranium
L
III edge were monitored in electrolyte solutions during the electrochemical reduction. Tetravalent uranium, U4+,
in 1 mol dm
–3 (M) hydrochloric acid (HCl) was electrochemically prepared from hexavalent uranium, UO2
2+, by
constant current electrolysis, and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) was analyzed. The concentration ratio of
UO2
2+ and U4+, which were formed via the disproportionation of pentavalent uranium, UO2
+, during
the electrolysis, were calculated based on the intensity of the signal for the two axial oxygen atoms in the linear UO2
2+
unit, the U–O
ax
, bond that had a radial structural function. The apparent redox potential of the
UO2
2+/U4+ couple in 1 M HCl was determined based on the Nernst equation using the concentrations of
UO2
2+ and U4+. The electrode potential was shown to be close to the formal potential of the
UO2
2+/UO2
+ couple as reported previously. This result indicates that the UO2
+ that was formed
electrochemically at the electrode disproportionated to form UO2
2+ and U4+ in the bulk solution. The in-situ XAS
of UO2
2+ in 0.1 M nitric acid was also performed. The U4+ that formed was partially re-oxidized to
UO2
2+ by the NO3

–
present in the solution. The formation of the UO2
+ carbonato complex was
observed by in-situ XAS in a 1 M sodium carbonate solution during the bulk electrolysis. The edge jump of the X-ray
absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectrum shifted from 17.164 to 17.163 keV, and the bond distances of
U–O
ax
and U–O for CO3
2–
increased from 1.78 to 1.88 Å and from 2.42 to
2.53 Å, respectively, because of the reduction of the UO2
2+ to the UO2
+ carbonato complex.