bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magma emplacement: an important trigger leading to slope failures in deep‐water areas of northern continental margin of South China Sea
Authors: Ma Y. , Li S. Z. , Lin J. Q. , Liang Q. Y. , Shi Y. H. , Kong L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSubmarine slope failures are considered as a serious geo‐hazard because they can rupture undersea pipelines, and seafloor engineering facilities can be subverted by destroying the seabed stability. Submarine slope failures are widely developed in deep‐water areas of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, yet the mechanisms involved in their generation remain poorly known. Observations have proposed that slope instability can be due either to decomposition of gas hydrate or to magma emplacement. Here, we present new high‐resolution 2D seismic data from the deep‐water areas of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea to reveal an extensive and intimate relationship between magma emplacement and slope failures. This paper shows four landslides on the Dongsha, Shenhu, Xisha and Qiongdongnan slopes that occurred at different locations of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea. There are seismic evidences that magmatic rocks commonly developed and migrated upwards to the overlying layers and they caused these layers to uplift as a dome and possibly decreased their strength and predisposition to failure. The data reveal in detail how magma emplacement influenced slope stability and the seismic reflection features of this type of submarine landslides. The findings illustrate the importance of magma emplacement resulting in slope instability. This paper proposes that magma emplacement is a basic and critical trigger leading to slope failures in the deep‐water areas of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea and establishes genetic models for this important trigger. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of comorbidity and anemia in patients with oropharyngeal cancer primarily treated with surgery in the human papillomavirus era
Authors: Baumeister Philipp , Rauch Josepha , Jacobi Christian , Kisser Ulrich , Betz Christian , Becker Sven , Reiter Maximilian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundComorbidity and anemia strongly influence treatment and outcome of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), but respective data are frequently lacking in clinical studies. We evaluated 149 cases of oropharyngeal SCC primarily treated with surgery regarding the impact of these factors on disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).MethodsData were recorded during treatment and follow‐up visits. Human papillomavirus (HPV) association of oropharyngeal SCC was detected by p16 immunohistochemistry.ResultsPatients with p16‐positive disease were significantly less comorbid and anemic, and treated more aggressively. Comorbidity and anemia, but not p16 status, significantly influenced DFS and had more impact on OS than p16 status.ConclusionIn our study, p16‐positive seems a good surrogate marker for healthier patients. Patients with p16‐positive disease showed improved survival, but this was limited to none/mild comorbid and/or nonanemic individuals in this group. On the basis of our results, we strongly suggest the inclusion of these factors in risk stratification for clinical studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 7–16, 2017
Uncoupling proteins of invertebrates: A review
Authors: Slocinska Malgorzata , Barylski Jakub , Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUncoupling proteins (UCPs) mediate inducible proton conductance in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Herein, we summarize our knowledge regarding UCPs in invertebrates. Since 2001, the presence of UCPs has been demonstrated in nematodes, mollusks, amphioxi, and insects. We discuss the following important issues concerning invertebrate UCPs: their evolutionary relationships, molecular and functional properties, and physiological impact. Evolutionary analysis indicates that the branch of vertebrate and invertebrate UCP4‐5 diverged early in the evolutionary process prior to the divergence of the animal groups. Several proposed physiological roles of invertebrate UCPs are energy control, metabolic balance, and preventive action against oxidative stress. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(9):691–699, 2016
Verzahnte Moleküle für die Katalyse
Authors: Niemeyer Jochen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMechanisch verzahnte Moleküle wie Rotaxane und Catenane bieten neue Möglichkeiten beim Katalysatordesign – von der nichtkovalenten Verknüpfung mehrerer Katalysatorbausteine bis zum Aufbau nanoskaliger molekularer Maschinen.
Eine Herzklappe aus der Düse
Authors: Hinderer Svenja 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElektrospinning verwandelt faserförmige Hybride aus synthetischen Polymeren und natürlichen Proteinen in ein funktionales Material. Das entstehende Gewebe bietet sich als mitwachsender Herzklappenersatz an, eignet sich also besonders für Kinder.
Billiges Öl und teurer Dollar
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDer niedrige Ölpreis beeinflusste die Chemieindustrie weltweit unterschiedlich. Deutsche Unternehmen profitierten vom starken US‐Dollar, die Umsätze gingen allerdings bei vielen zurück. Nur bei Pharma und Spezialchemie stiegen sie fast durchweg.
Industrie präsentiert sich in der Universität
Authors: Ernst Johannes , Garza‐Sanchez Aleyda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMitte Mai fand zum fünften Mal das Symposium „Forschung der Chemischen Industrie” im Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie der Universität Münster statt. Die von den teilnehmenden Firmen und dem SFB „Synergetische Effekte in der Chemie“ finanzierte Veranstaltung ermöglichte wie in den vergangenen vier Jahren den Austausch zwischen Industrie und Universität.
Prenatal screening, diagnosis, and termination of pregnancy in First Nations and rural women
Authors: Winquist Brandace , Muhajarine Nazeem , Ogle Keith , Mpofu Debbie , Lehotay Denis , Teare Gary 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to assess differences in utilization of maternal serum screening (MSS) and prenatal diagnostic testing between population subgroups and to determine the impact on chromosomal anomaly birth rates.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study included all female residents from Saskatchewan, Canada, who delivered a baby, experienced a fetal loss, or had a pregnancy termination between 2000 and 2005. In total, 93 171 women were included in the study dataset, with a subset (n = 35 527) evaluated to identify predictors of screening and diagnostic testing. Incidence and live birth prevalence of Down syndrome were compared across populations.ResultsMSS uptake was lower in First Nations (FN) women (9.6% vs 28.4%), and living in a rural health region moderated the difference (p < 0.001). Consequently, fewer chromosomal anomalies were prenatally diagnosed in FN women than in the rest of the population (8.3% vs 27%). Terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly occurred at a lower frequency amongst FN women (0.64 vs 1.34, per 1000 pregnancies), resulting in a smaller effect on Down syndrome birth rates.ConclusionUtilization of MSS and diagnostic testing was lower in FN and rural populations. Further research will be necessary to understand the relevance of value preferences and access barriers. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the HALA effect in the NMR carbon shielding constants of the compounds containing heavy p‐elements
Authors: Rusakov Yu. Yu. , Rusakova Irina L. , Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe heavy atom (HA) effect on the NMR isotropic carbon shielding constants is computationally investigated in the series of model ethanes, ethylenes, and acetylenes, CβH3CαH2XHn, CβH2CαHXHn, CβHCαXHn (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3 depending on X), where X covers p‐elements in the 13–17 groups of the 3–6 periods in as many as 60 compounds. Compounds under study provide diverse bonding situations for the α‐ and β‐carbons, which are characterized by the consecutive increase of the s‐character of the CβCα and CαX bonds, being one of the factors influencing spin‐orbit part of the HA on light atom effect (SO‐HALA). The “chalcogen dependence,” “pnictogen dependence,” “tetrel dependence,” and “triel dependence” are established for the 16th, 15th, 14th, and 13th groups, respectively. A well‐known “normal halogen dependence” for the 13C NMR chemical shifts, established much earlier for the compounds containing 17th group elements, also revealed itself in all three series under investigation. The dependence of the spin‐orbit effects size depending on the number of the lone electron pairs (LEPs) on HA X has also been investigated. The comparison of theoretical 13C NMR chemical shifts with experiment is performed for three representative tellurides. The HALA effect in this series has been shown to be strongly dependent on the number of tellurium LEPs.
Revocable and strongly unforgeable identity‐based signature scheme in the standard model
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Zhang Xiangsong , Hu Yupu , Takagi Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRevocation functionality is crucial for the practicality of the public key cryptosystems, especially for that of identity‐based cryptosystems. When some users lose their private keys, the cryptosystems must support an efficient revocation method to revoke such users. On the other hand, strong unforgeability provides stronger security than existential unforgeability and ensures the adversary cannot even produce a new signature for a previously signed message. However, existing revocable identity‐based signature schemes can support neither efficient key revocation nor strong unforgeability. In this paper, we propose a strongly unforgeable identity‐based signature scheme with efficient revocation. In the proposed scheme, the master key is randomly divided into two parts: one is used to construct the initial secret key, the other is used to generate the key update. Furthermore, they are used to periodically and re‐randomly produce signing keys for non‐revoked users. Thus, the proposed scheme can efficiently revoke users and resist key exposure attacks. In the standard model, our scheme is proven to be strongly unforgeable under the CDH hardness assumption. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Decennary Journey towards the Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Highly Functionalized Ketones
Authors: Li Wanfang , Lu Bin , Zhang Zhaoguo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAround 2006, our group launched a long‐term project on the asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized ketones by using ruthenium complexes with SunPhos ligands. In this review, we recount the burgeoning and blossoming of this project. At the outset, we attempted some benchmark reactions with an array of monofunctionalized ketones, including α‐ and β‐keto esters/amides, β‐keto sulfones, phosphonates, and α‐hydroxy ketones. For α‐keto esters and amides, we discovered that CeCl3•7H2O was an efficient additive for both activity and enantioselectivity. The element iodine was found to be a valid additive for β‐keto sulfones. β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐keto acids and esters were also hydrogenated to the saturated chiral blocks with good enantioselectivity and a high turnover number. For the α‐substituted β‐keto esters and phosphonates, exceptionally high stereoselectivity was achieved through dynamic kinetic resolution. Based on these incipient successes, we diverted to bifunctionalized ketone substrates, such as γ‐heteroatom‐substituted β‐keto esters and δ‐ketal‐β‐keto esters. For the δ‐ketal‐β‐keto esters, CaCO3 was added to stabilize the δ‐ketal groups, which ensured the formation of δ‐ketal‐β‐hydroxy esters in good yields and high ee values. More interestingly, γ‐halo‐γ,δ‐unsaturated‐β‐keto esters were hydrogenated to afford highly enantiopure chiral allyl alcohols under mild and neutral conditions. The distance effect of the directing groups was investigated in β‐, γ‐, and δ‐keto amides; the last two were hydrogenated with the Ru–SunPhos–diamine system. To implement the pinpoint recognition of two carbonyl groups in similar chemical propinquity, we compared the reaction rates of different β‐keto acid derivatives. THF was found to be a helpful coordinative solvent to control the chemo‐ and enantioselectivity for more challenging polycarbonyl substrates, such as 3‐oxo glutaric acid derivatives, β,δ‐diketo carboxamides, and γ‐heteroatom‐substituted β‐diketones. The effects of solvents and heteroatoms in these substrates were also studied. Applications of these hydrogenation reactions were also exemplified by the employment of the products for important pharmaceutical syntheses.
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A comparative study on dynamic responses of spar‐type floating horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines
Authors: Cheng Zhengshun , Wang Kai , Gao Zhen , Moan Torgeir 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInterest in the exploitation of offshore wind resources using floating wind turbines has increased. Commercial development of floating horizontal axis wind turbines (FHAWTs) is emerging because of their commercial success in onshore and near‐shore areas. Floating vertical axis wind turbines (FVAWTs) are also promising because of their low installation and maintenance costs. Therefore, a comparative study on the dynamic responses of FHAWTs and FVAWTs is of great interest. In the present study, a FHAWT employing the 5MW wind turbine developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and a FVAWT employing a Darrieus rotor, both mounted on the OC3 spar buoy, were considered. An improved control strategy was introduced for FVAWTs to achieve an approximately constant mean generator power for the above rated wind speeds. Fully coupled time domain simulations were carried out using identical, directional aligned and correlated wind and wave conditions. Because of different aerodynamic load characteristics and control strategies, the FVAWT results in larger mean tower base bending moments and mooring line tensions above the rated wind speed. Because significant two‐per‐revolution aerodynamic loads act on the FVAWT, the generator power, tower base bending moments and delta line tensions show prominent two‐per‐revolution variation. Consequently, the FVAWT suffers from severe fatigue damage at the tower bottom. However, the dynamic performance of the FVAWT could be improved by increasing the number of blades, using helical blades or employing a more advanced control strategy, which requires additional research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of Ether Phospholipids in Human Plasma with HPLC–ELSD and LC/ESI–MS After Hydrolysis of Plasma with Phospholipase A1
Authors: Mawatari Shiro , Hazeyama Seira , Fujino Takehiko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEthanolamine ether phospholipid (eEtnGpl) and choline ether phospholipid (eChoGpl) are present in human plasma or serum, but the relative concentration of the ether phospholipids in plasma is very low as compared to those in other tissues. Nowadays, measurement of ether phospholipids in plasma depends on tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), but a system for LC/MS/MS is generally too expensive for usual clinical laboratories. Treatment of plasma with phospholipase A1 (PLA1) causes complete hydrolysis of diacylphospholipids, but ether phospholipids remain intact. After the treatment of plasma with PLA1, both eEtnGpl and eChoGpl are detected as independent peaks by high‐performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC–ELSD). The same sample used for HPLC–ELSD can be applied to detect eEtnGpl and eChoGpl with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Presence of alkylacylphospholipids in both eChoGpl and eEtnGpl in human plasma was indicated by sequential hydrolysis of plasma with PLA1 and hydrochloric acid.
Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds From Wild and Cultivated Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): Occurrence of a High Level of Petroselinic Acid
Authors: Svetashev Vasily I. , Burundukova Olga L. , Muzarok Tamara I. , Zhuravlev Yuri N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition of seeds from the Asian ginseng Panax ginseng growing naturally in taiga forests of the Russian Far East and seeds from cultivated ginseng were studied in this work. The total lipid content of seeds from both wild and cultivated plants was 9–12 % of fresh weight. FA were analyzed as isopropyl esters on a polar capillary column BD‐225, which allows good separation of petroselinic and oleic acids. The structure of FAs was confirmed using GC–MS of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and 4,4‐dimethyloxazoline derivatives. In all the seed samples, the major FA was petroselinic acid 18:1(n‐12) which comprised more than 60 %; the contents of oleic and linoleic acids were lower (15–17 and 15–16 %, respectively). Earlier, a higher level (>80 %) of oleic acid had been reported for ginseng seeds. This discrepancy can be explained by an insufficient separation of these acids on standard columns used for GC of FAME. In general, seeds of wild and cultivated ginseng are very similar in lipid content and FA composition.
Diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia and assessment of severity through examination of the placenta with acoustic radiation force impulse elastography
Authors: Alan Bircan , Tunç Senem , Agacayak Elif , Bilici Aslan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the value of placental shear wave velocity (SWV) measurement by acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging for the diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia and to determine the relationship between the SWV and the severity of pre‐eclampsia.MethodsA prospective study was performed at a center in Turkey between August 2014 and March 2015. The study included consecutive pregnant women in the second or third trimester diagnosed with pre‐eclampsia and healthy pregnant women without pre‐eclampsia of similar ages. Patients with pre‐eclampsia were divided into two groups (severe or mild disease) on the basis of revised American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria. All patients underwent ARFI, and the SWV was measured at several placental locations.ResultsOverall, 86 women were enrolled (42 with pre‐eclampsia, 44 controls). Minimum, maximum, and mean SWV values were significantly higher in the pre‐eclampsia group than in the control group (P < 0.001 for all). These values were also significantly higher among patients with severe pre‐eclampsia than among patients with mild pre‐eclampsia (P < 0.001 for all).ConclusionMeasurement of the placental SWV with ARFI imaging is a useful additional method for the diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia and for determination of the disease severity.
Respiratory functions after partial laryngectomy surgery
Authors: Demir Mehmet Gökhan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Larynx cancers are among the smoking-related cancers frequently encountered at the head and neck area. Partial surgeries have been preferred in the early-stage larynx cancers during the recent years. Even though partial surgeries are advantageous in terms of protection of the breathing, swallowing, and voice functions, studies regarding the change in the postoperative respiratory functions are not sufficient. Our objective in this study is the scrutiny of the change in the respiratory functions subsequent to various partial surgeries.

Materials and methods:
Patients who had 34 (10 cordectomy, 7 frontolateral, 9 supraglottic, 8 supracricoid laryngectomy) partial laryngectomy operations and 30 healthy control patients were included in our study. The patients were subject to respiratory function test in the postoperative period and their FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and FEF25–75 values were examined. Data were compared with the healthy control group.

Results:
Lower FEF25–75 value (p < 0,05) was observed in the supracricoid laryngectomy patients compared to the control group. In three patients of the supracricoid laryngectomy group, various degrees of restrictive and obstructive findings were observed in the respiratory function test. The least respiratory function change was observed in patients with cordectomy.

Conclusions:
In our study, various degrees of restrictive and/or obstructive findings were observed in the respiratory functions after partial surgeries. It was determined that such findings increased as long as the amount of the removed larynx tissue increased. We recommend that patients undergo a respiratory function test after partial laryngectomy and treated according to the findings as restrictive and obstructive findings affect patients' survival.

Highlights
London Centre for Book Arts (LCBA): serving the community
Authors: Sajeva Monica , Montero Gustavo Grandal 
Published: July 2016

The London Centre for Book Arts (LCBA) www.londonbookarts.org is an artist-run studio providing education programmes for a wide community of users and access to resources for artists and designers. Its mission is to foster and promote book arts and artist-led publishing in the UK through collaboration, education, and by providing open-access to printing and bindery facilities.Established at Britannia Works, Fish Island (London E3) in October 2012, LCBA was founded and is run by artists Simon Goode and Ira Yonemura. We met them in 2015 and early 2016 to talk about their experiences over the last three years, current projects and future plans. They are an example of purposeful, pragmatic idealism.
Flow generated by oscillatory uniform heating of a rarefied gas in a channel
Authors: Nassios Jason , Yap Ying Wan , Sader John E. 
Published: July 2016

Kinetic theory provides a rigorous foundation to explore the unsteady (oscillatory) flow of a dilute gas, which is often generated by nanomechanical devices. Recently, formal asymptotic analyses of unsteady (oscillatory) flows at small Knudsen numbers have been derived from the linearised Boltzmann–Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (Boltzmann–BGK) equation, in both the low- and high-frequency limits (Nassios & Sader, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 708, 2012, pp. 197–249 and vol. 729, 2013, pp. 1–46; Takata & Hattori, J. Stat. Phys., vol. 147, 2012, pp. 1182–1215). These asymptotic theories predict that unsteadiness can couple strongly with heat transport to dramatically modify the overall gas flow. Here, we study the gas flow generated between two parallel plane walls whose temperatures vary sinusoidally in time. Predictions of the asymptotic theories are compared to direct numerical solutions, which are valid for all Knudsen numbers and normalised frequencies. Excellent agreement is observed, providing the first numerical validation of the asymptotic theories. The asymptotic analyses also provide critical insight into the physical mechanisms underlying these flow phenomena, establishing that mass conservation (not momentum or energy) drives the flows – this explains the identical results obtained using different previous theoretical treatments of these linear thermal flows. This study highlights the unique gas flows that can be generated under oscillatory non-isothermal conditions and the importance of both numerical and asymptotic analyses in explaining the underlying mechanisms.