bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem regimes and responses in a coupled ancient lake system from MIS 5b to present: the diatom record of lakes Ohrid and Prespa
Authors: Cvetkoska Aleksandra , Jovanovska Elena , Francke Alexander , Tofilovska Slavica , Vogel Hendrik , Levkov Zlatko , Donders Timme H. , Wagner Bernd , Wagner-Cremer Friederike 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We reconstruct the aquatic ecosystem interactions since the last interglacial
period in the oldest, most diverse, hydrologically connected European lake
system, by using palaeolimnological diatom and selected geochemistry data
from Lake Ohrid “DEEP site” core and equivalent data from Lake Prespa core,
Co1215. Driven by climate forcing, the lakes experienced two adaptive cycles
during the last 92 ka: "interglacial and interstadial" and
"glacial" cycle. The short-term ecosystems reorganizations, e.g. regime
shifts within these cycles substantially differ between the lakes, as evident
from the inferred amplitudes of variation. The deeper Lake Ohrid shifted
between ultra oligo- and oligotrophic regimes in contrast to the much
shallower Lake Prespa, which shifted from a deeper, (oligo-) mesotrophic to a
shallower, eutrophic lake and vice versa. Due to the high level of ecosystem
stability (e.g. trophic state, lake level), Lake Ohrid appears relatively
resistant to external forcing, such as climate and environmental change.
Recovering in a relatively short time from major climate change, Lake Prespa is
a resilient ecosystem. At the DEEP site, the decoupling between the lakes'
response to climate change is marked in the prolonged and gradual changes
during the MIS 5/4 and 2/1 transitions. These response differences and the
lakes' different physical and chemical properties may limit the influence of
Lake Prespa on Lake Ohrid. Regime shifts of Lake Ohrid due to potential
hydrological change in Lake Prespa are not evident in the data presented
here. Moreover, a complete collapse of the ecosystems functionality and loss
of their diatom communities did not happen in either lake for the period
presented in the study.
The Possibility of Application of the Audit Standard 1010 and the Relevant Standards and Guidelines about Its Application in Jordan
Authors: Al-Jabali Mah’d 
Published: May 2016

<p>There wasn’t previously interested in environmental issues as in these days, the reason of what companies fouling , and affiliated factories of remnants contribute significantly to the question of environmental chaos, and these remnants through a black mass overshadowed on the three levels of life, the core of the earth and what is owned of water as strategically store, the surface of the earth and all the creatures in addition to the human, the atmosphere which is the surface of our cosmic village, as a result of this situation the problem is exacerbated, and take a new dimension, and stages, it has become necessary that the global actors stand in front of this persist on our planet.</p><p>The Standard ISA 1010 came in order to be one of the most important methods that are working to reduce some cases, stop this going too far on the environmental by companies and its affiliates factories.</p><p>Where this standard checksum working together to raise the auditors, and opened the way for them, to understand the size and the large responsibility placed on their shoulders towards environmental issues and matters relating to health problems associated with them.</p>International Standard on Auditing in 1010 is not binding law, and not a system necessary to apply sharply and tough. But it is a bout bell ringing continuously in ear, heart and mind, the owner of origin, the factory Manager, administrators and auditors, that environmental damage is a collective responsibility, must commit with because when you bounce the side effects of the abuse of environmental issues we are the first to suffer them.
De l’inégalité des intelligences à la médiation intellectuelle. Effets et enjeux propres à une conception politique du savoir
Authors: Beauchemin William-J. , Blémur Daniel , Duguay Nadia , Goulet-Langlois Maxime 
Published: May 2016

Dans cet article se rapportant à une pratique de la philosophie, nous interrogeons un présupposé qui conditionne la distribution des capacités intellectuelles dans nos sociétés contemporaines, dites du savoir – en l’occurrence, celui de l’inégalité des intelligences. Que ce soit sur le plan institutionnel (école, université, État) ou sur celui du rapport à soi (autoexclusion, mépris de soi) en passant par les rapports interpersonnels et entre groupes sociaux (non-reconnaissance, exclusion, objectification), il nous semble voir à l’oeuvre dans la société québécoise certains effets négatifs de ce présupposé. Le projet d’une science ouverte et réellement émancipatrice permet de mettre en question ce présupposé. Dans cette perspective, nous proposons une réflexion sur une pratique particulière, la médiation intellectuelle, qui prend non pas l’inégalité, mais l’égalité des intelligences en tant que principe directeur explicite. Nous tâcherons de détailler les diverses dimensions formelles et épistémologiques de cette pratique, en gardant à l’esprit les possibles conséquences d’une telle approche en ce qui a trait au projet d’une science ouverte : une science dont le caractère émancipateur ne se résume pas à ses résultats, mais s’étend également à sa production.
Circulation des savoirs, mobilité internationale et études supérieures. Récit de la mise en place d’une voie favorisant l’insertion universitaire en milieu francophone nord-américain1
Authors: Bernard Marie-Claude 
Published: May 2016

Dans un contexte de mobilité internationale, certaines universités recrutent un plus grand nombre d’étudiants et étudiantes en provenance de l’étranger. À la priorité de recrutement s’ajoutent alors les mesures d’accueil et de soutien à la réussite scolaire des nouveaux inscrits lors de leur première année du premier cycle, considérée comme cruciale dans leur parcours universitaire. Parmi les diverses stratégies de soutien déjà à l’oeuvre dans une université canadienne francophone, il est ici question d’un dispositif visant à favoriser leur insertion universitaire : est conçu un cours qui, selon une modalité d’enseignement interactive, vise à surmonter le sentiment d’étrangeté. Il propose une voie favorisant la compréhension des interventions et des outils pédagogiques et la réflexion sur les enjeux des représentations sociales et des stéréotypes culturels. Les étudiants sont amenés à socialiser entre eux tout en construisant leur identité étudiante et leur affiliation universitaire. Ils sont invités à examiner leurs rapports aux savoirs dans un contexte francophone nord-américain qui, selon une approche de formation pragmatique, confère pour d’aucuns un statut utilitaire aux savoirs. Cet article présente le dispositif en décrivant le contexte de mobilité internationale et en identifiant la problématique de la réussite des étudiants universitaires au premier cycle. Cette identification s’arrime avec les besoins et les compétences à développer par les nouveaux inscrits et s’articule par la suite avec le contenu du cours et son approche pédagogique. Dans la discussion, les considérations d’ordre pédagogique s’ouvrent vers celles de l’ordre de la communication interculturelle et soulèvent la question de l’importance des mesures et des stratégies de suivi qui doivent accompagner la mobilité internationale dans le milieu universitaire.
Effective enhancement of hydrophilicity of solution indium zinc oxide-based thin-film transistors by oxygen plasma treatment of deposition layer surface
Authors: You Hsin-Chiang , Wang Yu-Chih 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the use of a simple and efficient sol–gel solution method for synthesizing indium zinc oxide (IZO) films for use as semiconductor channel layers in thin-film transistors (TFTs) on p-type silicon substrates. The performance of IZO-based TFTs was investigated, and the effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the surface of dielectric SiN
x
was observed. Oxygen plasma treatment effectively enhanced the electron mobility in IZO-based TFT devices from 0.005 to 1.56 cm2 V−1 s−1, an increase of more than 312 times, and effectively enhanced device performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the IZO film was performed to clarify element bonding.
Effect of holed reflector on acoustic radiation force in noncontact ultrasonic dispensing of small droplets
Authors: Tanaka Hiroki , Wada Yuji , Mizuno Yosuke , Nakamura Kentaro 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We investigated the fundamental aspects of droplet dispensing, which is an important procedure in the noncontact ultrasonic manipulation of droplets in air. A holed reflector was used to dispense a droplet from a 27.4 kHz standing-wave acoustic field to a well. First, the relationship between the hole diameter of the reflector and the acoustic radiation force acting on a levitated droplet was clarified by calculating the acoustic impedance of the point just above the hole. When the hole diameter was half of (or equal to) the acoustic wavelength λ, the acoustic radiation force was ∼80% (or 50%) of that without a hole. The maximal diameters of droplets levitated above the holes through flat and half-cylindrical reflectors were then experimentally investigated. For instance, with the half-cylindrical reflector, the maximal diameter was 5.0 mm for a hole diameter of 6.0 mm, and droplets were levitatable up to a hole diameter of 12 mm (∼λ).
Optical proximity correction: A cross road of data flows
Authors: De Bisschop Peter 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper reviews the various data flows that occur in the generation and verification of optical proximity correction (OPC) for an optical lithography photomask. First we review the models that are or can be used in the OPC model-calibration flow, with some emphasis on those models that are not yet standard practice. Through an efficient selection of calibration structures, the data amounts needed for model calibrations can be usually kept reasonably small. This is much less the case in the OPC verification step (computationally first and on-wafer afterwards), where data volumes can be very large. Especially the inspection of printed test wafer, where the printability of large number of structures needs to be assessed throughout the intended process window, currently presents important challenges as “hotspot” detection and printability quantification needs to be combined with a short turn-around time. We will discuss some of the approaches that are being employed to deal with these conflicting requirements.
Structure and magnetic/electrochemical properties of Cu-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles prepared by a simple solution method
Authors: Khajonrit Jessada , Phumying Santi , Maensiri Santi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
BiFe1−

x
Cu
x
O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) nanoparticles were prepared by a simple solution method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method analysis using the Barret–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) model, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Magnetization properties were obtained using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. Magnetization was clearly enhanced by increasing Cu content and decreasing particle size. Zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) temperature-dependent magnetization measurements showed that blocking temperature increased with increasing Cu content. Electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) method. The performance of the fabricated supercapacitor was improved for the BiFe0.95Cu0.05O3 electrode. The highest specific capacitance was 568.13 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and the capacity retention was 77.13% after 500 cycles.
Analyzing and modeling methods for warpages of thin and large dies with redistribution layer
Authors: Dote Aki , Kitada Hideki , Mizushima Yoriko , Nakamura Tomoji , Sakuyama Seiki 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Analyzing and modeling methods for warpages including cylindrical deformations are discussed in large-area dies with redistribution layers (RDLs) and thin 50-µm-thick Si substrates. The buckling behavior of warpage, a deformation transition from spherical to cylindrical, strongly depends on the lateral sizes of the dies and the RDL structures, and can be calculated using the analytical model of the nonlinear plate theory. The equivalent stress values are introduced to simplify RDL structures by applying the model to measured curvatures of homogeneous patterned samples. Area densities of Cu are a good index for evaluating die warpage even for inhomogeneous patterned RDLs.
On high time‐range resolution observations of PMSE: Statistical characteristics
Authors: Sommer Svenja , Chau Jorge L. , Schult Carsten 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) with an unprecedented temporal sampling of 2 ms and range resolution down to 75 m. On these time and spatial scales, PMSE exhibit features, like correlation in time and range, that have not been described before. To characterize our high resolution observations, we provide a 4‐D statistical model, based on random processes. In this way we can distinguish between geophysical and instrumental effects on our measurements. In our simulations, PMSE is statistically characterized in frequency, angular space, and inverse altitude. With this model, we are able to reproduce our observations on a statistical basis and estimate the intrinsic spectral width of PMSE. For chosen data sets, such values range between 0.5 Hz and 4 Hz (1.4 ms−1 to 11.2 ms−1). Furthermore, we show that apparent oscillations in time and an apparent high speed motion of the mean scattering center are just representations of the random nature of PMSE measurements on short time scales.
Atmospheric residence times from transpiration and evaporation to precipitation: An age‐weighted regional evaporation tagging approach
Authors: Wei Jianhui , Knoche Hans Richard , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe atmospheric water residence time is a fundamental descriptor that provides information on the timescales of evaporation and precipitation. In this study, a regional climate model‐based evaporation tagging algorithm is extended with an age tracer approach to calculate moisture residence times, defined as time between the original evaporation and the returning of water masses to the land surface as precipitation. Our case study addresses how long this time is for the transpired and for the direct evaporated moisture. Our study region is the Poyang Lake region in Southeast China, the largest freshwater lake in the country. We perform simulations covering the period from October 2004 to December 2005. In 2005, 11% of direct evaporated water (10% of transpired water) precipitates locally. Direct evaporated water accounts for 64% and transpired water for 36% of the total tagged moisture with a mean age of around 36 h for both. Considering precipitation, a large proportion (69%) originates from direct evaporated water with a mean atmospheric residence time of 6.6 h and a smaller amount from transpired water with a longer residence time of 10.7 h. Modulated by the East Asian monsoon, the variation of the meteorological conditions, the magnitude of the partitioned moisture, and the corresponding residence time patterns change seasonally and spatially and reveal the different fate of transpired and direct evaporated water in the atmospheric hydrological cycle. We conclude that our methodological approach has the potential to be used for addressing how timescales of the hydrological cycle changes regionally under global warming.
Biogeochemical properties of eddies in the California Current System
Authors: Chenillat Fanny , Franks Peter J. S. , Combes Vincent 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe California Current System (CCS) has intense mesoscale activity that modulates and exports biological production from the coastal upwelling system. To characterize and quantify the ability of mesoscale eddies to affect the local and regional planktonic ecosystem of the CCS, we analyzed a 10 year‐long physical‐biological model simulation, using eddy detection and tracking to isolate the dynamics of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. As they propagate westward across the shelf, cyclonic eddies efficiently transport coastal planktonic organisms and maintain locally elevated production for up to 1 year (800 km offshore). Anticyclonic eddies, on the other hand, have a limited impact on local production over their ~6 month lifetime as they propagate 400 km offshore. At any given time ~8% of the model domain was covered by eddy cores. Though the eddies cover a small area, they explain ~50 and 20% of the transport of nitrate and plankton, respectively.
Revealing the early ice flow patterns with historical Declassified Intelligence Satellite Photographs back to 1960s
Authors: Wang Shujie , Liu Hongxing , Yu Bailang , Zhou Guoqing , Cheng Xiao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reconnaissance ARGON satellites collected the earliest images of Antarctica from space dating back to the 1960s, providing valuable historical baseline information for studying polar ice sheets. Those photographs are underutilized for ice motion mapping, due to lack of sufficient ground controls for image orthorectification. In this study, we orthorectified the ARGON photographs by fully exploiting the metric qualities of WorldView satellite images: very high spatial resolution and precise geolocation. Through a case study over Larsen Ice Shelf, we demonstrated that the camera model with bundle block adjustment can achieve geolocation accuracy of better than the nominal resolution (140 m) for orthorectifying ARGON images, with WorldView imagery as ground control source. This allowed us to extend the ice velocity records of Larsen Ice Shelf back into 1960s~1970s for the first time. The retrospective analysis revealed that acceleration of the collapsed Larsen B occurred much earlier than previously thought.
Asperity break after 12 years: The Mw6.4 2015 Lefkada (Greece) earthquake
Authors: Sokos E. , Zahradník J. , Gallovič F. , Serpetsidaki A. , Plicka V. , Kiratzi A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Mw6.4 earthquake sequence of 2015 in western Greece is analyzed using seismic data. Multiple point source modeling, nonlinear slip patch, and linear slip inversions reveal a coherent rupture image with directivity toward the southwest and several moment release episodes, reflected in the complex aftershock distribution. The key feature is that the 2015 earthquake ruptured a strong asperity, which was left unbroken in between two large subevents of the Mw6.2 Lefkada doublet in 2003. This finding and the well‐analyzed Cephalonia earthquake sequence of 2014 provide strong evidence of segmentation of the major dextral Cephalonia‐Lefkada Transform Fault (CTF), being related to extensional duplex transform zones. We propose that the duplexes extend farther to the north and that the CTF runs parallel to the western coast of Lefkada and Cephalonia Islands, considerably closer to the inhabited islands than previously thought. Generally, this study demonstrates faulting complexity across short time scales (earthquake doublets) and long time scales (seismic gaps).
Statistical study on ultralow‐frequency waves in the magnetotail lobe observed by Cluster
Authors: Wang G. Q. , Zhang T. L. , Volwerk M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBased on Cluster data, we investigate 263 waves with periods between 40 and 150 s (Pi2 band events) and 161 waves with periods between 150 and 600 s (Pc5 band events) in the magnetotail lobe. Our findings are as follows: (1) 90% of the mean wave amplitudes within 40–150 s (150–600 s) are below ~0.25 (0.36) nT for the transverse components and ~0.16 (0.39) nT for the compressional components; (2) 69.6% (35.4%) of the compressional ratios of the waves with periods 40–150 s (150–600 s) are less than 0.5 with the maximum occurrence at ~0.3 (0.8); (3) waves within 40–150 s are more likely to occur in the lobe region close to the plasma sheet; (4) the wave amplitudes and the AE index are weakly correlated; however, the amplitudes tend to be larger when the AE index is larger; and (5) the amplitudes also tend to be larger when the solar wind velocity and the solar wind dynamic pressure or its variations (∆PSW) are larger; the correlation coefficient between the wave amplitudes with periods between 150 and 600 s and ∆PSW is up to ~0.58. We suggest that both dynamic processes in the plasma sheet boundary layer or plasma sheet (inner sources) and solar wind conditions (outer sources) can contribute to the generation of the lobe ULF waves; waves within 40–150 s are affected more by inner sources, while strong ∆PSW can drive compressional waves within 150–600 s in the magnetotail lobe.
Metal‐Free Oxidative Decarbonylative Hydroalkylation of Alkynes with Secondary and Tertiary Alkyl Aldehydes
Authors: Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Song Ren‐Jie , Liu Bang , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new, metal‐free, radical‐mediated oxidative decarbonylative hydroalkylation of various alkynes with secondary and tertiary alkyl aldehydes using di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) as oxidant is presented. This method enables the simultaneous formation of a CC bond and a CH bond through a sequence of decarbonylation, radical addition and protonation, and provides a straightforward route for transforming alkynes into alkenes with high compatibility with both alkynes and alkyl aldehydes.magnified image
Mechanistic Studies on the Stereoselectivity of the Serotonin 5‐HT1A Receptor
Authors: Yuan Shuguang , Peng Qian , Palczewski Krzysztof , Vogel Horst , Filipek Slawomir 
Published: May 2016

AbstractG‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, and they have attracted considerable attention as important targets for developing new medicines. A central and largely unresolved question in drug discovery, which is especially relevant to GPCRs, concerns ligand selectivity: Why do certain molecules act as activators (agonists) whereas others, with nearly identical structures, act as blockers (antagonists) of GPCRs? To address this question, we employed all‐atom, long‐timescale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how two diastereomers (epimers) of dihydrofuroaporphine bind to the serotonin 5‐HT1A receptor and exert opposite effects. By using molecular interaction fingerprints, we discovered that the agonist could mobilize nearby amino acid residues to act as molecular switches for the formation of a continuous water channel. In contrast, the antagonist epimer remained firmly stabilized in the binding pocket.
[(Me3Si)Si]3EtGe9Pd(PPh3), a Pentafunctionalized Deltahedral Zintl Cluster: Synthesis, Structure, and Solution Dynamics
Authors: Li Feng , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro , Sevov Slavi C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound, which has a ten‐atom deltahedral cluster core of Ge9Pd, was synthesized through insertion of Pd(PPh3) into the tetrasubstituted nona‐germanium cluster [(Me3Si)Si]3EtGe9 through a reaction of the latter with Pd(PPh3)4. This first reaction of neutral tetrasubstituted nine‐atom clusters shows that they retain reactivity despite their neutral charge. The Ge9Pd core is the first that incorporates a 5‐connected transition metal other than from Group VI, a noble metal in this case. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that the ten‐atom core is a closo‐cluster with the expected shape of a bicapped square antiprism. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy show that, in contrast to the parent tetra‐substituted [(Me3Si)Si]3EtGe9, the new compound does not exhibit dynamics. Relativistic DFT calculations are used to explain the differences.