bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Thiadiazole Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Alzheimer Agent: Synthesis, Activity of Molecular Interactions and their in Silico Assessment
Authors: Du Wenrong , Lan Yong , Guo Xinyuan , Wei Benben , Wang Yixuan , Zhou Xuewei , Ma Zhengyue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA series of thiadiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, the compounds were assayed for their inhibitory activity to AChE and BuChEin vitro, and the results indicated that most of the compounds had moderate inhibitory activity to AChE and BuChE. Among them, compound11 ushowed the best inhibitory activity against AChE and BuChE (eeAChE, IC50=2.73 μM; eqBuChE, IC50=0.65 μM), which showed approximately 2‐fold more activity against AChE enzyme than galantamine and approximately 28‐fold more activity against BuChE enzyme than galantamine. In addition, molecular docking studies have shown that compound11 ucould bind to the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anion site (PAS) of AChE and BuChE. Among them, compound11 ucombined with BuChE and exhibited a mixed inhibition pattern consistent with enzyme kinetics studies. The interaction's stability of11 u‐AChE/BuChE were also assessed using a conventional atomistic 100 ns dynamics simulation study, which revealed the conformational stability of representative compound11 uin the cavity of the AChE/BuChE. Moreover, the molecular properties of all compounds were predicted by online through the SwissADME, and the best active compound11 umatched the properties of most orally administered drugs. All these suggested that11 ucould be considered as a lead compound for the development of drugs for AD.
Transformation of Agriculture Waste Biomass to Sustainable and Slow Release Fertilizers: Waste to Wealth
Authors: Galipalli Ramu , Baithy Mallesham , Vishnu Nandimalla 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNovel lignocellulosic biomass‐based fertilizers are developed to enhance crop yields while minimizing ecological impacts. These fertilizers, enriched with macro and micronutrients, feature slow‐release properties, reducing nutrient loss compared to conventional fertilizers. The study emphasizes their potential in sustainable agriculture, offering a viable alternative for soil fertility and crop yield.
Research on the Effects of the Juncus Inflexus Subsp. Inflexus Extract on Low Dose Thioacetamide‐Induced Liver Damage: A Novel Antioxidant
Authors: Kaya Muhittin , KAYMAK Emin , Akin Ali Tuğrul , Karabulut Ezman , Yilmaz Engin , Kurşat Murat , Yakan Birkan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study was investigated the effects of extract of the Juncus inflexus subsp. inflexus (JI) plant on thioacetimide (TAA)‐induced liver damage. Six experimental groups were formed using 42 8–12‐weeks old Sprague dawley male rats, with seven experimental animals per group. Liver tissue sections were examined by staining with hematoxylin eosin (H‐E), periodic acid schiff (PAS) and caspase‐3. On the other hand, the tissue homogenates were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). Compared to other groups, it was observed that the MDA rose significantly in the TAA group and that the GSH fell and that the expression of the caspase‐3 was significantly increased. On the other hand, it was found that lipid peroxidation decreased significantly in the TAA + JI group when compared to JI + TAA group. Also, to see the antioxidant properties of the plant in detail, molecular dynamic simulations were done. The antioxidant property of 59.16% in extract compounds of JI was theoretically demonstrated. The antioxidant activity of the 10‐methoxy‐nb‐alpha‐methylcorynantheol molecule, which is found at the highest rate in the relevant plant, has been theoretically revealed for the first time. In conclusion, this study has revealed that the extraction obtained from the Juncus inflexus plant has protective and therapeutic properties for the liver.
Strong C─B Hyperconjugation in a Structurally Distorted Benzoanellated Tricyclic Boratirene
Authors: Mesbah A.Wahid , Berndt Armin , Soleimani Meisam , Massa Werner 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe benzoanellated tricyclic boratirene 2⋅Li(Et2O) was synthesized by reductive dehalogenation of C─borylborirene 1 with Lithium powder, and its distorted structure was determined by X‐ray analysis. The formation of compound 2⋅Li(Et2O) can be described as a result of the insertion of the carbene‐like boron atom into the C─H bond of a methyl group at a duryl ring (duryl ring = 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylphenyl) in the ortho position. This new tricyclic compound contains a highly shielded, formally three‐coordinated boron atom with δ11B = 27 ppm. However, the 11B chemical shift in the range of 65 to 85 ppm is expected for carbon‐bonded three‐coordinated boron atoms. The reason for the high shielding of this boron atom in 2⋅Li(Et2O) is a very strong C─B hyperconjugation. The strained, and negatively charged three‐membered ring in 2⋅Li(Et2O) is an optimal component for a strong hyperconjugative interaction, leading to the formation of a three‐center two‐electron (3c‐2e) σ bond with the empty p orbital of the boron atom, resulting in a strong distortion of the six‐membered ring.
Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Cyclization/Skeletal Rearrangement Reaction for the Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted 3‐Hydroxypyridines
Authors: Yasui Motohiro , Sakamoto Kaito , Ichimonji Ayano , Takeda Norihiko , Ueda Masafumi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract3‐Hydroxypyridines are attractive owing to their potential applications in medicinal chemistry. However, only a few reports on the synthesis of 2,4,6‐trisubstituted 3‐hydroxypyridines have been published to date. Herein, we describe a novel method for synthesizing 2,4,6‐trisubstituted 3‐hydroxypyridines. Au(III)‐catalyzed reactions using C‐alkynyl‐O‐vinyl oximes via intramolecular nucleophilic addition, followed by skeletal rearrangement, including N−O bond cleavage. This protocol provides unprecedented 25 examples of 2,4,6‐trisubstituted 3‐hydroxypyridines with good functional and bulky‐group tolerances. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through the generation of isoxazolium and nitrene species.
Science Teachers' Conceptions of Science: An Analysis at the Intersection of Nature of Science and Culturally Relevant Science Teaching
Authors: Jones Britney L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractScience education policies and standards have called for educators to teach students about the Nature of Science (NOS) and engage them in Culturally Relevant Science Teaching (CRST), which requires critical shifts away from traditional science teaching. As such, teachers are being asked to possess or take up conceptions of science that challenge the status quo. Are teachers making these shifts? Do they conceive of science in these anti‐traditional ways? To explore this matter, I developed a conceptual framework around five key science topics: (1) Revision/Static; (2) Scientific Method; (3) Objective/Subjective; (4) Society and Culture; and (5) Critical Space, then surfaced traditional and anti‐traditional conceptions regarding each topic drawn from science standards and prior literature. I operationalized this framework to critically analyze 20 secondary science teachers' discourse to determine whether they aligned with a traditional science ideology, an anti‐traditional ideology, or somewhere in the middle (conflicting ideology). I found that for the most part participants demonstrated alignment with the anti‐traditional conception when it came to the first two topics, however, when it came to the latter three topics, tensions arose and there was noticeably less consensus. As participants discussed concepts related to the latter topics, which I argue are more closely related to society, culture, and humanness, they demonstrated strikingly greater alignment with the traditional conceptions. These findings have implications for science teachers' capacity to teach science with NOS and CRST in mind. Findings also highlight key areas of consideration for teacher educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers when guiding teachers on the journey to attend to NOS and CRST.
Disability and postsecondary fieldwork experiences in the natural sciences: A systematic review
Authors: Chasen Ariel , Chapman Tripp Hannah , Borrego Maura 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present a systematic review of 29 empirical studies on disability and fieldwork in natural science, postsecondary educational settings. Undergraduate students with disabilities are underrepresented in STEM, and disciplines requiring major field components are some of the least diverse, at least in part because fieldwork has been traditionally viewed as hard, physical, and masculine. Disability Studies in Education (DSE) frames the research questions, inclusion criteria and results. Studies were coded by disability model used, barriers and strategies to accessibility in field science, and meaningful involvement of persons with disabilities in research on fieldwork education. Although most studies asserted a view of disability as a social, cultural, and political phenomenon, some deficit language and interpretations persisted. Few studies included author positionality, and even fewer disclosed author disability status. The main instructional recommendations emphasize flexibility and adaptability, presuming student competence and making small‐scale changes consistently over time. Multiple studies emphasize the need for proactive planning, including robust contingency plans, and explaining how these plans can negate the need for complex modification. Twenty‐four additional non‐empirical studies are identified as resources for discipline‐specific guides and checklists for inclusive fieldwork. We conclude that important steps are being taken to investigate and critique barriers to fieldwork participation for students with disabilities, but there is still much work to be done in addressing systemic barriers beyond the control of individual instructors.
Evaluation of TRPM2 Channel‐Mediated Autophagic Signaling Pathway in Hippocampus and Cortex Tissues of Rat Offspring Following Prenatal Exposure to Elevated Alcohol Levels
Authors: Uğuz Abdülhadi Cihangir , Okan Aslı , Doğanyiğit Züleyha , Yilmaz Seher , Ateş Şükrü , Arikan Söylemez Evrim Suna , Karabulut Sebahattin , Kumru Alper Serhat , Espino Javier 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) can occur because of high amount of alcohol intake during pregnancy and is characterized by both physical and neurological problems. Children diagnosed with FAS have difficulties in learning, memory, and coordination. Hippocampus has a major role in memory and learning. We aimed to determine whether alcohol exposure during pregnancy had any effect on offspring by evaluating learning ability as well as oxidative stress and autophagy in the hippocampus and cortex tissues of litters. Attention was also paid to sex differences. To do so, TRPM2, Beclin1, p62, LC3B, IBA1, parvalbumin, GAD65, and mGluR5 expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as total oxidant (TOS) and total antioxidant (TAS) status were determined by ELISA. Learning experiments were evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Our findings demonstrated that IBA1, LC3B, GAD65, and mGluR5 expression levels were higher in female rats of the chronic alcohol exposure (CAE) model. Our IHC results revealed that TRPM2 expression levels were significantly increased in both males and females in the CAE group. Likewise, TAS was lower, and TOS was higher in CAE animals. Moreover, MWM outcomes supported a learning deficiency in CAE litters compared to controls and indicated that female offspring outperformed males in learning experiments. Therefore, our results revealed the detrimental effects of alcohol exposure during pregnancy on autophagy signaling in the hippocampus and cortex tissue of litters, which could affect the learning ability of animals.
Nutritional Innovation Using Green Seaweed (Ulva sp.) and Garlic Powder Extracts for White‐Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Challenged by Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Abdel‐Razek Nashwa , Khalil Riad H. , Afifi Abeer A. M. , Alkhuriji Afrah F. , Metwally Dina M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extracts of Ulva sp. and garlic (Allium sativum) powder ethanolic extracts against Vibrio harveyi in vitro. The stimulatory effects of Ulva sp. extract (UE) and garlic powder extract (GPE) on the growth performance and innate immune responses of white‐leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and their challenge against V. harveyi infection were also investigated. A commercial shrimp diet (36.1% protein) was enriched with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g UE/kg diet and 2, 4 and 6 g GPE/kg diet, whereas the control group was free of any supplement. Health juveniles of L. vannamei (average weight 2–3 g) were distributed in 21 fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks (500‐L capacity) at a stocking density of 300 animals/tank to represent each treatment in triplicate. The animals were fed ad libitum on the experimental diets up to satiety four times daily for 60 days. The phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extracts of Ulva sp. and garlic powder evoked their richness of several bioactive compounds showing significant antibacterial activity against V. harveyi. The GPE exhibited a higher inhibition zone than that of the UE. The supplemented diets did not significantly affect weight gain %, final weight, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and survival rates of white shrimp compared to those fed on the control diet. Significant increases were observed in total haemocyte count, phagocytosis and phagocytic index of all treatments compared with the control group. There were significant increases in serum total protein, acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase, lysosomal enzyme activity, phenoloxidase activity and superoxide dismutase activity with offered diets with increasing the levels of ethanolic extracts of Ulva sp. and garlic powder up to 2.0 g UE/kg diet and 6 g GPE/kg diet, respectively. The ethanolic extraction of Ulva sp. and garlic powder‐supplemented diet groups, particularly at treatments of 2.0 and 6 g GPE/kg diet, respectively, significantly reduced the shrimp mortality induced by V. harveyi infection when compared with the control group. The net results evoked that ethanolic extraction of Ulva sp. (2.0 g UE/kg) and garlic powder (6 g GPE/kg diet) enhanced the immune response and disease resistance of the white‐leg shrimp, L. vannamei. It is also noted that the GPE is more efficient than the UE in vitro and in vivo investigations.
The frequency of postoperative hypoglycemia after pheochromocytoma surgery is decreasing
Authors: Yamanashi Yuki , Yoshida Yusaku , Nakai Tomoyoshi , Yanagida Juro , Omi Yoko , Horiuchi Kiyomi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypoglycemia after pheochromocytoma resection is one of the most common postoperative complications, with a reported incidence of 12%–43%. In recent years, we have rarely experienced postoperative hypoglycemia after pheochromocytoma surgery at our institution. We reviewed our own experience and examined factors associated with postoperative hypoglycemia in pheochromocytoma patients.MethodsWe collected and retrospectively reviewed medical information from 53 patients with pheochromocytoma who underwent initial surgery in our department between 1996 and 2022, who did not receive steroids in the perioperative period and received the same alpha‐blocker preoperatively. Subjects were divided into two groups by the midpoint of the study period: Group 1 (G1), 1996–2009; and Group 2 (G2), 2010–2022. The two groups were compared.ResultsHypoglycemia occurred significantly less often in G2 (0 patients, 0%) than in G1 (7 patients, 28%; p = 0.003). Preoperative diabetes was significantly less frequent in G2 (2 patient, 7.1%) than in G1 (8 patients, 32%; p = 0.03). Preoperative alpha‐blocker dosage was significantly higher in G2 than in G1 (p = 0.04). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only alpha‐blockers dosage was significantly associated with the occurrence of postoperative hypoglycemia (p = 0.004).ConclusionThe current study suggest that the alpha‐blocker dosage might be related to the lower incidence of postoperative hypoglycemia in Pheochromocytoma patients.
The influence of socioeconomic status on management and outcomes in major trauma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Koh Amanda , Adiamah Alfred , Melia Georgia , Blackburn Lauren , Brooks Adam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor trauma is a leading cause of death and disability in younger individuals and poses a significant public health concern. There is a growing interest in understanding the complex relationships between socioeconomic deprivation and major trauma. Anecdotal evidence suggests that deprivation is associated with more violent and debilitating injuries. There remains a paucity in literature evaluating major trauma outcomes in relation to socioeconomic deprivation.MethodsA comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases was performed to identify studies from 1947 to March 2024. The primary outcome was to establish the distribution of injuries based on deprivation, with secondary outcomes evaluating surgical intervention rates, length of stay, and mortality. Quantitative pooling of data was based on the random‐effects model.ResultsFourteen studies and 878,872 trauma patients were included. A substantial proportion (28%) of trauma incidents occurred in the most deprived group. Patients from the lowest socioeconomic group were considerably younger (weighted mean difference [WMD] −9.85 years and 95% confidence intervals [CI] −9.99 to −9.70) and more likely to be male (odds ratio [OR] 1.36 and 95% CI 1.14–1.63). There were no differences in surgical intervention (OR 1.74 and 95% CI 0.97–3.13), length of stay (WMD 1.15 days and 95% CI −0.32−2.62), and mortality (OR 1.04 and 95% CI 0.95–1.14) regardless of background.ConclusionMajor trauma is prevalent in deprived areas and in younger individuals, with an increasing trend of deprivation in male patients. Although the rates of surgery, length of stay, and mortality did not differ between groups, planning of public health interventions should target areas of higher deprivation.
Shear flow of nanofluid past a vertical plate in presence of Thompson–Troian slip and Stefan blowing
Authors: Dey Sudip , Mukhopadhyay Swati 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe combined impacts of Thompson‐Troian slip and Stefan blowing on flow of nanoliquid over a vertical plate in attendance of shear flow have been studied. Nanofluid is generally used to enhance the thermal properties as well as heat transport of liquid. Moreover, Stefan blowing can enhance the heat transfer coefficient by lessening the thermal resistance which is widely used in different types of cooling system. For this, such type of problem has its significant importance in various technological sectors and it attracts the attention of the researchers. The forced convection flow was considered by the authors whereas the mixed convection flow in this aspect is new and fills the gap in the literature as we have addressed this issue in this article. Here lies the novelty of our work. Using proper “similarity transformations”, the principal (partial differential equations) PDEs are altered to (ordinary differential equations) ODEs, and abridged ODEs are numerically solved with the support of Runge‐Kutta method and shooting technique. The outcomes of this investigation have significant impression on the physical appearance for flow, heat and mass transports. Fluid velocity reduces due to rise of Stefan blowing parameter but temperature is experienced to diminish. For growing slip speed and the critical shear speed, the liquid speed augments, while the hotness reduces for growing velocity slip. Compared to no‐slip case, rate of heat transfer increases 73.73% and 17.95% rise in concentration gradient at the wall is noted whereas 5.35% reduction in wall shear stress is observed for . The outcomes of this learning will be of immense help to the engineers and scientists to acquire superior flow and warmth convey features.
Mathematical models of vascular stents with FG bridges aimed on reduction of in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Andrianov Igor V. , Awrejcewicz Jan , Diskovsky Alexander A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo reduce in‐stent restenosis (ISR), caused by an elastic recoil stent at the initial bend of the artery, it is proposed to use stents with FG bridges, the bending stiffness of which depends on their location. The distribution of bending stiffnesses of FG bridges is studied depending on the initial bend of the artery. The bending of the FG cardiovascular stent is modeled by the bending of a beam with concentrated elastic hinges. Several methods of adapting the stent to the initial bending of the stented section of the vessel were considered: for bridges of the same stiffness, the functional of the squared difference between the deformation of the stent and the initial bending of the artery was minimized; for FG bridges, the flexural compliance of the stent is minimized. Problems are solved based on variational and homogenization approaches. An optimal scheme for the distribution of bending stiffnesses of FG bridges has been found.
Architectural Pedagogy in the Age of AI: The Transformation of a Domain
Authors: El Moussaoui Mustapha , Krois Kris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) programs marked a significant shift in architectural practice, with professionals transitioning from hand drawing to digital tools. This evolution sparked debates on the implications of technology for the quality and authenticity of design. Today, artificial intelligence (AI) presents a similar challenge, raising questions about its advantages and disadvantages in architectural education. This paper aims to investigate the impact of AI on architectural pedagogy, exploring both its potential benefits and the concerns it raises. The research will propose strategies for integrating AI tools into architectural curricula, emphasizing their role as an aid to human creativity and problem-solving rather than a replacement. The study will argue that adapting to AI technologies is crucial for preparing students for the future of architectural practice and ensuring they are equipped to utilize the full potential of these tools while maintaining ethical and responsible design approaches, to use the tools by being pro-active rather than passive.
A Cosmopolitan Architectural Education
Authors: Santanicchia Massimo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper is the result of forty dialogues conducted during my PhD research, which took place between 2018 and 2020, among students and educators’ of the Nordic Baltic Academy of Architecture. These conversations were initiated by three questions: What skills should students have after studying architecture? How should these skills be taught? How can architectural education be of special importance to our society? The answers to these questions were analysed and interpreted by following the Grounded Theory approach. What emerged from these dialogues is the shared conviction to use architectural education as a complex project to advance the knowledge, traits, attitudes, values, and behaviours necessary to respond to global challenges whilst creating conditions for students and their educators to locally engage as active citizens. This combination of global awareness and local activism is at the base of formulating the Theory of Cosmopolitan Citizenship in Architectural Education whose purpose is to help students and educators cultivating a language, activating a pedagogy, and developing a scholarship capable of advancing new political agencies to codesign healthier, safer, and a fairer world in a changing social, ecological, and political environment.