bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Carbonylation of Organic Halides: The First Example of Carbonylation Under Solid‐Liquid Phase‐Transfer Conditions.
Authors: CHOUDARY B. M. , REDDY N. P. , ASHOK B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract4‐Hydroxyphenacyl bromide (I) reacts with carbon monoxide (II) under solid‐liquid phase‐transfer conditions to yield ethyl 4‐hydroxybenzoylacetate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Molecular Transformations. Part 89. A New Synthesis of Phthalides Through β‐Scission of Benzocyclobutenol Hypoiodites.
Authors: KOBAYASHI K. , ITOH M. , SUGINOME H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe benzocyclobutenones (I) react with ethylmagnesium bromide (II) to produce the 1‐ethylbenzocyclobutenols (III) which are converted to the phthalides (IV) by photolysis in the presence of mercury(II) oxide and iodine.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Butenolides in Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions with Isoprene and Cyclopentadiene.
Authors: ORTUNO R. M. , BATLLORI R. , BALLESTEROS M. , MONSALVATJE M. , CORBERA J. , SANCHEZ‐FERRANDO F. , FONT J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCycloaddition of the chiral butenolides (I) with cyclopentadiene (II) yields the endo‐ (III) and exo‐adducts (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Silylamines in Organic Synthesis: A New Access to Functional Pyrroles via Organocuprates Addition on Methyl Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminomethylpropiolate.
Authors: CORRIU R. J. P. , MOREAU J. J. E. , VERNHET C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe N‐silylated aminomethylpropiolate (I) reacts with various organocopper reagents (II) to give the isomeric allylamines (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxygenated Coumestans.
Authors: RANI B. S. U. , DARBARWAR M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe polyhydroxy‐3‐arylcoumarins (I) are dehydrated in methanolic hydrogen chloride or by treatment with sodium acetate/potassium ferricyanide to form the coumestans (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Dimeric Trifluoromethylthiirene.
Authors: POPKOVA V. YA. , TUMANSKII B. L. , KNUNYANTS I. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe disulfides (III) react with hexaethylphosphoric triamide to give the dithiene (V), the dimeric form of the intermediate 2‐trifluoromethylthiirene (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Epimerizations and Non‐Stereospecific Reactions of 1,3,2‐Oxazaphospholidin‐2‐ones and ‐2‐thiones.
Authors: CULLIS P. M. , IAGROSSI A. , ROUS A. J. , SCHILLING M. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the oxazaphospholidinone (Ia) with the thiophosphate (II) in dioxane gives (Ib) and only minor amounts of the diastereoisomer (Ic), whereas reaction in pyridine gives nearly equal amounts of (Ib) and (Ic).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Cyclodiphosphazanes: Some Reactions of Hexachlorocyclodiphosphazanes with Amino Acids.
Authors: ABD‐ELLAH I. M. , IBRAHIM E. H. M. , EL‐KHAZANDER A. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the cyclodiphosphazanes (I) with the amino acids (II) or (III) yields either the spirocyclic bisadducts (IV) ‐ (VI) or the monoadducts (VII) or (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Main Group Homopolynuclear Cations with Transition‐Metal Carbonyls. Stabilization of μ‐Se2+ 2 and η3‐Te2+ 3 Dicationic Ligands and Crystal Structures of (Mo(Te3)(CO)4) (SbF6)2 and (FeW(Se2)(CO)8) (SbF6)2.
Authors: SEIGNEURIN A. , MAKANI T. , JONES D. J. , ROZIERE J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title complexes (IV) and (VII) are synthesized from W(CO)6 (I), Fe2(CO)9 (II), and Se4(Sb2F11)2 (III) (1.8:1:1 molar ratio) and from Mo(CO)6 (V) and Te4Sb9F35 (VI), respectively, according to the scheme.
Voltage Control Using PV Power Factor, Static Capacitor, and Transformer Tap for Large PV Penetration
Authors: AIDA SHUNSUKE , ITO TAKAYUKI , IWAMOTO SHINICHI , KITADA RYOHEI , ARIYOSHI NOBUYUKI 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYThe Japanese government has set 53 GW as the target level of PV deployment by 2030. However, the large‐scale introduction of PV will cause several problems in power systems. One of these problems is the increase in voltage due to decreased load demands associated with large PV active power output. Another problem is voltage variations caused by fluctuations in PV system output. In this paper, we focus our attention on the voltage and reactive power control for large‐scale PV deployment and propose voltage control using the PF (PV power factor), SC (static capacitor), and TAP (transformer tap). In the proposed method, the SC and TAP controls consider voltage stability through the use of VMPI‐i and VMPI‐i sensitivity, and the PF control suppresses voltage variation and voltage spikes. Finally, we simulate these controls using the Ward–Hale system to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Traction Inverter that Applies Hybrid Module Using 3‐kV SiC‐SBDs and High‐Speed Drive Circuit
Authors: ISHIKAWA KATSUMI , OGAWA KAZUTOSHI , NAGASU MASAHIRO 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYWe have developed a prototype of a 3 kV/200 A SiC hybrid module, which is equipped with Si IGBTs and SiC Schottky barrier diodes. We achieved a reduction in the recovery loss and turn‐on loss by using an SiC hybrid module and decreasing the turn‐on time by lowering the gate resistance. Moreover, we estimated that the total energy loss in the converter and inverter was reduced to approximately 30% by using the developed SiC hybrid module. Additionally, the inverter succeeded in driving an induction motor for a train.
Bi treatment with hydralazine/nitrates vs. placebo in Africans admitted with acute HEart Failure (BA‐HEF)
Authors: Sliwa Karen , Damasceno Albertino , Davison Beth A. , Mayosi Bongani M. , Sani Mahmoud U. , Ogah Okekuchwu , Mondo Charles , Ojji Dike , Dzudie Anastase , Kouam Charles Kouam , Yonga Gerald , Ba Serigne Abdou , Ogola Elijah , Edwards Christopher , Milo Olga , Cotter Gad 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsPatients with acute heart failure (HF) in Africa are rarely being treated with a hydralazine/nitrates combination. Therefore the effect of this treatment was studied here.Methods and resultsThe study was planned to enrol 500 patients during an acute HF admission, from nine sub‐Saharan African countries. Patients were randomized in a double‐blind manner to receive 50 mg hydralazine/20 mg isosorbide dinitrate (HYIS) t.i.d. or matching placebo for 24 weeks followed by open label HYIS for all patients. The study was terminated after 147 patients were enrolled due mostly to issues with recruitment into a prospective, placebo‐controlled study. Most patients were recruited from Mozambique, South Africa, Kenya, and Uganda. The primary endpoint of death or HF readmission through 24 weeks was neutral [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–2.27, P = 0.90] in the 133 randomized patients included in the analyses. There were non‐signficant effects in favour of HYIS in secondary endpoints including change in dyspnoea severity at day 7 or discharge, decrease in systolic blood pressure, greater decrease in weight, and increase in 6‐min walk test distance at week 24. There were also small changes in echocardiographic indices of cardiac size and function in favour or HYIS, but none was significant.ConclusionThe BA‐HEF trial demonstrated challenges in recruiting the expected number of patients with acute HF in a number of African countries, which highlights the need for strategic logistic support.Trial registration: NCT01822808.
Intramyocardial injection of SERCA2a‐expressing lentivirus improves myocardial function in doxorubicin‐induced heart failure
Authors: Mattila Minttu , Koskenvuo Juha , Söderström Mirva , Eerola Kim , Savontaus Mikko 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundDoxorubicin is an effective anticancer drug. The major limitation to its use is the induction of dose‐dependent cardiomyopathy. No specific treatment exists for doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy and treatments used for other forms of heart failure have only limited beneficial effects. The contraction–relaxation cycle of the heart is controlled by cytosolic calcium concentrations, which, in turn, are critically regulated by the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) pump. We hypothesized that SERCA2a gene transfer would ameliorate doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy.MethodsLentiviral vectors LV‐SERCA2a‐GFP and LV‐GFP were constructed and in vitro gene transfer of LV‐SERCA2a‐GFP confirmed SERCA2a expression by western blot analysis. Heart failure was induced by giving a single intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin. LV‐SERCA2a‐GFP, LV‐GFP vectors and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) were injected under echocardiographic control to the anterior wall of the left ventricle.ResultsEchocardiography analyses were performed on the injection day and 28 days postinjection. On the injection day, there were no significant differences in the average ejection fractions (EFs) among SERCA2a (40.0%), GFP (41.1%) and PBS (39.4%) injected animals. On day 28, EF in the SERCA2a group had increased by 16.6 ± 6.7% to 46.4 ± 2.1%. By contrast, EFs in the GFP (40.2 ± 1.3%) and PBS (40.6 ± 1.4%) groups remained at pre‐injection levels. In addition, end systolic and end diastolic left ventricle volumes were significantly smaller in the SERCA2a group compared to controls.ConclusionsSERCA2a gene transfer significantly improves left ventricle function and dimensions in doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy, thus making LV‐SERCA2a gene transfer an attractive treatment modality for doxorubicin‐induced heart failure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel archaeal tetraether lipids with a cyclohexyl ring identified in Fayetteville Green Lake, NY, and other sulfidic lacustrine settings
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Lei , De Santiago Torio Ana , Bosak Tanja , Summons Roger Everett 
Published: May 2016

RationaleThe meromictic Fayetteville Green Lake (FGL) is of significant geobiological interest because of microbial cycling of sulfur within and below the permanent chemocline and in the euxinic deep waters. Studies of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) may help shed light on understanding the activity of archaeal communities in these habitats.MethodsNormal‐phase and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis on total lipid extracts of environmental samples revealed series of GDGTs with different biphytane structures. Comparison of the mass spectrum of biphytane obtained from separated novel GDGTs with that of a synthetic C40 biphytane confirms our structural assignments.ResultsA unique cyclohexyl ring configured in the middle of a C40 biphytane chain was identified in these novel GDGTs. We suggest the trivial name S‐GDGTs for these compounds, where ‘S′ stands for ‘sulfidic’ and ‘six‐membered ring’. S‐GDGT derivatives composed of biphytanes modified with double bonds and cyclopentane rings were also detected in the samples we analyzed. Intact polar lipid precursors of S‐GDGT include compounds with mono‐ and diglycosyl head groups.ConclusionsThe carbon isotopic composition of S‐GDGTs and their occurrence in FGL, Messel Shale as well as Salt Pond and salt marshes on Cape Cod suggest that S‐GDGTs may be produced by chemoautotrophic archaea that prefer sulfidic conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of microorganisms in biofluids of individuals with periodontitis and chronic kidney disease using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Alves Levy Anderson César , Souza Rafael Celestino , da Silva Taciana Mara Couto , Watanabe Andreia , Dias Meriellen , Mendes Maria Anita , Ciamponi Ana Lídia 
Published: May 2016

RationaleChronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontitis (PD) are important health issues. There is a large variety of microorganisms related to the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and optimising the time and the cost of laboratory assays to detect these organisms is highly valuable in the medical field.MethodsBacteria were isolated from saliva and oral biofilm of 30 adolescents and young adults with definite medical and dental diagnosis of CKD and PD, respectively, and proteins were extracted for microorganism identification by means of the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) technique.ResultsThe results showed that the most incident microorganisms were Actinomyces dentalis (43%), Acinetobacter ursingi (60%), Aggregatibacter actinomycetencomitans (60%), Corynebacterium argentoctens (63%), Staphylococcus aureus (93%), Streptococcus salivarius (97%) and Tannerella forsythensis (43%). The analysis of oral biofilm showed higher incidences for Actinomyces dentalis (33%), Acinetobacter ursingi (50%), Aggregatibacter actinomycetencomitans (50%), Corynebacterium argentoctens (70%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (73%) and Streptococcus salivarius (87%).ConclusionsBased on these results, we concluded that the MALDI Biotyper protocol proves useful as a rapid and reliable assay for distinguishing different microorganisms possibly related to CKD and PD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutics: Late Wittgenstein and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In the mid-1980s, a new wave of Wittgenstein criticism emerged that did not sit well with the orthodoxy.1 The New Wittgensteinian interpretation was conceived to bridge the chasm of early and late, but as already covered in the critical survey of the preceding chapter, many critics, such as P.M.S. Hacker, saw it as an interpretation devoid of methodological rigour and lacking historical fact. Perhaps aptly for a consideration of a geist approach, as the New Wittgensteinian reading surfaces at the zenith of postmodernism, the technique of ascending a logical ladder to reach a conclusion, only to discard the ladder, has featured in the linguistics and politics of all Pynchon’s novels. Hanjo Berressem has already noted this phenomenon and termed it ‘auto-destruction’2 while Katalin Orbán has referred to it as ‘overwriting’.3 Yet, although Orbán’s phrasing is closer, such a terminology does not admit the inadequacy of the ‘destruction’ in a literary context. A true literary destruction is one that never entered the published text at all; an excised ‘Fresca’ from ‘The Fire Sermon’ portion of The Waste Land, a politicising McClintic Sphere from the V. Typescript. What then would be the impact of erasure in full sight? A proof that shows its workings? An architect’s drawing retaining construction lines?
Enlightenments: Early Foucault and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
As many critics have observed,1 in Pynchon, the birth of modernity is depicted under the sign of Max Weber. It is an oppressive rationalisation that banishes and dominates all that would stand in its way: ‘[t]he death of magic’ as Jeff Baker puts it.2 Although such an appraisal of Weber lacks nuance, the insertion of this astrological foretelling into the very core of America’s political system is no better expressed than in Gravity’s Rainbow’s ‘MOM SLOTHROP’S LETTER TO AMBASSADOR KENNEDY’ (682–3). This letter — which depicts Slothrop’s mother writing to Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr about her empathy for the senator’s parental unease during JFK’s Patrol Torpedo boat incident in 1943, her anxiety about the state of America and her sexual relations with the future president — echoes with the guilt-ridden foreboding style of Samuel Beckett’s Eh Joe? This comparative effect is achieved not only through the structural motion from an optimistic inquiry, ‘[w]ell hi Joe how’ve ya been’ (GR, 682), parallel to Beckett’s ‘[y]ou’re all right now, eh?’3 before becoming ‘gloomy all so sudden’, but also by the frequent comma-delimited firstname appellation to the ambassador: ‘[i]t’s every parent’s dream, Joe, that it is […] It isn’t starting to break down, is it, Joe? […] You know, don’t you? Golden clouds? Sometimes I think — ah, Joe, I think they’re pieces of the heavenly city falling down’ (GR, 682).
Mass Deception: Adorno’s Negative Dialectics and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Samuel Beckett’s penultimate novella, Worstward Ho, is framed ‘atween’1 the twain of being and void, crawling in absolute steadiness of rhythm ‘[t]ill nohow on’.2 It is also a piece that brings the complex interrelations of microcosmic linguistics and macroscopic form into focus. Respect would be, indeed, due to the critic who could extract a comprehensive reading that reflected the whole from a single of Beckett’s phonically playful sentences, without reference to another. It could be, then, that Beckett’s malignant void-dweller, never content with ‘merely bad’,3 is entwined (atwained, atweened) within a Hegelian structure: the whole is the true. Superficially, this is convincing. Certainly the question-answer cadence of the piece points towards a dialectical structure ensconced in negation. However, Beckett’s overarching presentation of spirit is hardly compatible with the metaphysical ontotheology of Hegel’s Absolute;4 as succinctly phrased by Hamm in Endgame: ‘[t]he bastard! He doesn’t exist!’5 It looks, for Beckett, as if the same might apply to ‘the whole’. The rescue of Hegel that is needed for a Beckettian, and subsequently Pynchonian, dialectic could, as a provisional hypothesis, come through the work of Theodor W. Adorno, although this rescue would save a new dialectics only at Hegel’s expense.6 This said, if Foucault’s philosophical endeavour was underpinned by an often antagonistic relationship to the work of Kant, in the case of Adorno and the Frankfurt School the interaction with German Idealism is marked through an engagement with Kant and Hegel.7
Introduction
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis is a first attempt to assess the worldwide state of the humanities. We present this report fully conscious that it will be found wanting in important aspects. Yet we believe that an attempt, however faltering, must be made to map on a global scale what humanists think about what they do and how the field is changing. There has been no shortage of commentary on the humanities over the last few years. The topic has been discussed intensively in national reports, essays, books, newspaper articles, not to mention social media. Most of the commentary on the subject to date tends to come from the perspective of a particular country or region. Our aim is to look at some familiar — and some less familiar — questions from a global perspective by listening to voices from all continents.
The Nature of the Humanities
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis chapter falls into two parts and is based upon the interview responses. The first part asks whether there are any patterns detectable in the research themes or topics chosen for humanities research. We found that socially relevant themes were prominent (though less so among the European interviewees) and that interviewees often identified cross-fertilisation as the way forward, especially interdisciplinarity collaboration and comparative research. The second part considers a set of epistemological questions: how do researchers conceive of their work? Do they see themselves as seeking to advance the frontiers of knowledge, making discoveries and sometimes even breakthroughs? Or do they consider that such attitudes are more suitable to the sciences? We found that most researchers believed that the humanities do produce knowledge but were pessimistic as to how society perceives and values the humanities.
Funding and Infrastructure
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis chapter is concerned with the questions: Is funding for the humanities adequate? Do we have adequate infrastructure for humanities research? Are the institutional parameters of the humanities fit for the challenges of the 21st century? The chapter will not look into general questions of university frameworks, relevant as that would be, but it will focus on the perspectives of humanistic researchers themselves, as evidenced by our interviews, and how they experience financial and infrastructural support for their research and how these are conditions changing. Not surprisingly, we found that there are huge levels of inequality within the world of the humanities and that different regional funding systems, even within the developed world, may have hitherto neglected consequences for humanities research practices.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients treated with epoetins or blood transfusions
Authors: Douros Antonios , Jobski Kathrin , Kollhorst Bianca , Schink Tania , Garbe Edeltraut 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsAnaemia is common in cancer patients, with treatments including epoetins and blood transfusions. Although an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been associated with both therapeutics, studies comparing the risk of VTE between epoetins and transfusions in cancer patients are lacking.MethodsA nested case–control study investigated this risk using the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database. Cohort members were incident cancer patients receiving first time treatment with epoetin or transfusion. A subcohort including only patients receiving chemotherapy was created, since the formally approved indication of epoetins is chemotherapy‐induced anaemia. Cases were defined as patients developing VTE. For each case up to 10 gender‐ and age‐matched controls were selected from the cohort. Multiple confounder adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE and recent treatment with epoetins or transfusions (last 28 days before index date) compared with past anti‐anaemic treatment were calculated by conditional logistic regression.ResultsAmong 69 888 patients receiving first time treatment with epoetin or transfusion, 3316 VTE cases were identified. The aOR for VTE was 1.31 (95% CI 1.03, 1.65) for epoetins, 2.33 (95% CI 2.03, 2.66) for transfusions, and 2.24 (95% CI 1.34, 3.77) for epoetins and transfusions. Sensitivity analyses with a stricter VTE definition or an expanded time window yielded similar results. In the chemotherapy only subcohort the risk difference between epoetins and transfusions could not be verified (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.10, 1.98 vs. aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.49, 2.19). Our study confirmed known VTE risk factors including previous VTE (aOR 14.76, 95% CI 12.79, 17.03) or surgery (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.67, 2.01). Epoetin‐associated risk decreased after a safety warning by the European Medicines Agency setting maximum haemoglobin target values to 12 g dl–1.ConclusionsTransfusions could be associated with a higher VTE risk than epoetins in cancer patients. Moreover, current prescribing patterns may have decreased the VTE risk for epoetins.
An Investigation of the Reliability of HF Acid Mixtures in the Bomb Digestion of Silicate Rocks for the Determination of Trace Elements by ICP‐MS
Authors: Okina Olga , Lyapunov Sergey , Avdosyeva Mariya , Ermolaev Boris , Golubchikov Vladimir , Gorbunov Anatoly , Sheshukov Victor 
Published: May 2016

The influence of the mixtures HF‐HNO3 and HF‐NH4F‐HNO3 in bomb digestion for trace element determination from different rock types was studied using ICP‐MS. It is shown that the HF concentration, not the ratio of reagents in the decomposing mixture, controls the digestion process of a rock. Data for Zr in the granite G‐2 as a function of HF concentration gave the same results as reaction mixtures of various compositions. A complete digestion in 50‐mg sample bombs was achieved by 1.0 ml of HF alone, or with a mixture of other acids at a HF concentration of at least 35% m/m at 196 °C over 18 h. The results of the analysis of basalts BCR‐1, BIR‐1, mica schist SDC‐1, shale SBC‐1, granites G‐2, SG‐1A, garnet‐biotite plagiogneiss GBPg‐1, rhyolite RGM‐1, granodiorite GSP‐1, trachyandesite MTA‐1 and rhyolite MRh‐1 are given and compared against available data. The reproducibility of the element determinations by ICP‐MS and XRF as an independent non‐destructive analysis for a quality check in the range of concentrations typical for routine rock samples is given.