bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les prémices d’une nouvelle stratégie américaine en Asie
Authors: Farghen Morgane 
Published: June 2017

La réinitialisation de la politique extérieure américaine par rapport à la présidence sortante se construit peu à peu autour d’un schéma géopolitique sino-centré, et en opposition à une approche passée jugée trop favorable et permissive ; responsable de la situation sécuritaire dégradée. La reprise de l’ascendant sur les adversaires stratégiques et la restauration de l’autorité dans la relation avec ces derniers s’est imposée comme une force dominante, au détriment des isolationnistes.
Taiwan : Lingering Uncertainty about President Trump
Authors: Ding Arthur S. 
Published: June 2017

Les profondes inquiétudes de Taïwan quant à la présidence Trump portent sur trois domaines : la focalisation de Donald Trump sur des intérêts purement matériels, sans considération des institutions démocratiques et des droits de l’homme, ses tendances isolationnistes et les changements fréquents dans sa politique, et un possible mouvement de retrait, en conséquence de sa politique économique centrée sur les États-Unis.
Les jeunes face aux injustices et aux discriminations
Authors: Galland Olivier 
Published: June 2017

Les jeunes ressentent plus que les adultes les injustices et les discriminations vécues personnellement. En revanche ils sont moins sensibles à l’injustice sociale dans l’ensemble de la société. Cet article explore quelques explications possibles de ce paradoxe : particularités des injustices ressenties et probablement subies par les jeunes, effets de composition sociale du groupe des jeunes par rapport aux adultes contribuant à atténuer la sensibilité à l’injustice sociale, nature des liens, chez les jeunes, entre le positionnement politique et la perception de l’injustice dans la société.
Considerations for the Propagation and Conservation of Endangered Lake Suckers of the Western United States
Authors: Day Julie L. , Jacobs Jennifer L. , Rasmussen Josh 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Decades of persistent natural and anthropogenic threats coupled with competing water needs have compromised numerous species of freshwater fishes, many of which are now artificially propagated in hatcheries. Low survival upon release is common, particularly in systems with substantial nonnative predator populations. Extensive sampling for Shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) and Lost River Suckers (Deltistes luxatus) in the Klamath River Basin on the California–Oregon border have failed to detect any new adult recruitment for at least two decades, prompting an investigation into artificial propagation as an extinction prevention measure. A comprehensive assessment of strategies and successes associated with propagation for conservation restocking has not been performed for any Catostomid. Here, we review available literature for all western lake sucker species to inform propagation and recovery efforts for Klamath suckers and summarize the relevance of these considerations to other endangered fishes.
Effects of Three Selected Pesticides on the Non-Biting Midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Rice Agro-Ecosystem of an area of West Bengal; India
Authors: Pan Bappaditya , Majumdar Uttaran , Jana Lipirani , Chattopadhyay Sandip 
Published: June 2017

Deformities of non biting midge larvae’s mouthparts are considered as indicators of environmental degradation that caused by water pollutants like pesticides, heavy metals, organic contaminants etc. The present investigation was aimed to assess the effects of 3 pesticides, viz. Cartap Hydrochloride, Carbofuran and Fipronil on deformities of chironomid larvae of the Rice fields of Village Dhunui; Memari Block-II of Burdwan district in West Bengal. The study area is dominated by the species of the genus Chironomus of chironomid community. Concurrently six (6) species were considered. The average percentage of mouthpart deformities was 14% in all chironomid larvae. Highest degree of malformation was noticed in Chironomus circumdatus in which more than 18.90% of all specimens were affected. However, further investigative efforts are essential to investigate the actual explanation in support of the occurrence of high degree of deformities in chironomid.
The Eye of the Beholder: Voyeurism and Surveillance in Williams’s Speaker/Reader Matrix
Authors: Praitis Irena 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis article underlines how Williams explores a range of ideologies associated with observation, inviting readers to consider how ideological frames of reference impact what we see. Williams’s work on seeing and the positioning of the viewer is here aligned with the work of painters, Degas in particular, occasionally positioning the viewer as an observer, a voyeur, of people unaware of that observation. Williams’s poem “The Young Housewife,” is analyzed for its voyeuristic frames of reference, while the power dynamics of seeing and surveillance are examined in Paterson through Williams’s inclusion of the Cress letters. The article considers Williams’s relationship to such dynamics and asks what we sacrifice when we cease to question the parameters of surveillance and the potential abuses of power associated with it.
El mural de Antropología de la UNAN-Managua
Authors: Gámez Montenegro Bayardo 
Published: June 2017

El artículo explica el significado del mural ubicado en el Pabellón 44, en donde se encuentra el Departamento de Antropología de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Jurídicas de la UNAN-Managua. El mural fue concebido por su autor, el arqueólogo, antropólogo y artista plástico Bayardo Gámez Montenegro, como parte de la motivación y agradecimiento público hacia la UNAN-Managua por todo lo aprendido, experiencias compartidas y vividas en diferentes momentos y años. La idea inicial y luego su realización partió de un diseño creativo que el artista desarrolló para representar el arte, cultura y cosmovisión de los pueblos originarios que han dejado su huella a lo largo y ancho del territorio nacional.Raíces - Revista Nicaragüense de Antropología. Año 1 No. 1/2017
Los Matagalpa: indígenas en pie de lucha
Authors: Castro Arias Omar Santiago 
Published: June 2017

La lucha indígena en Nicaragua, posee grandes matices en toda su historia. Cuando se habla de pueblos originarios los primeros nombres que surgen en el imaginario de las personas son: Subtiava, Monimbo y grupos étnicos de la Costa Caribe. Este artículo da a conocer a uno de los grupos posiblemente más antiguos y con una no muy clara procedencia étnica. Ubicados en el Centro-Norte del territorio nacional, los Matagalpa como pueblo indígena poseen una estructura, que funciona con dos autoridades, la tradicional y una administrativa, ambas ejercen un trabajo liderazgo que articula el trabajo político-administrativo y lo canaliza en los territorios a través de la autoridad tradicional y ancestralmente según sus estatutos. La cultura Matagalpa es una de las más importantes en el desarrollo histórico del territorio Nicaragüense. Son conocidos como indios flecheros, por protagonizar a lo largo de su historia rebeliones e insurgencias en diferentes acciones armadas en defensa de sus derechos. Es así que el arco y la flecha se han convertido en símbolo de resistencia y defensa del territorio. En la actualidad la lucha por la tierra, el respeto y reconocimiento a sus creencias, incursión en la toma de decisiones en gobiernos localesson demandas conducidas por el pueblo indígena como un compromiso histórico con cada mujer y hombre indígena. Las representaciones sociales mestizas castigan de forma negativa al indígena: ser líder e indígena no es digerible para los centros de poder local, y con esta realidad la familia se aferra a sus procesos de luchas para consolidar el frente único y mantener la resistencia indígena con sus mecanismos de liderazgo y gobernanza en cada territorio para el bienestar común.
An osteopathic prescription for medical education reform: Part 1. Curriculum and infrastructure
Authors: Wood, Douglas L. , Ross-Lee Barbara , Mann Douglas D. , Portanova Ronald P. , Kiss Lois E. , Weiser Michael A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Medical education has not kept pace with the evolving healthcare system. Criticism from industry and policy observers focuses on four major areas requiring reform: the curriculum, the fragmented educational infrastructure, the specialist-to-generalist mix, and the alienation from community and public health. The dominance of managed care organizations in the delivery and financing of healthcare is forcing a new set of physician competencies to the fore and changing projections of physician manpower and specialty needs. The authors address the four major criticisms from a uniquely osteopathic point-of-view. In this first of two articles, the authors describe the evolving osteopathic medical education model, and then employ a medical analogy to diagnose the causes of and propose treatments for curricular issues and infrastructure fragmentation. In the second article of the pair, they explore the causes of and propose strategies to address the generalist-to-specialist imbalance and the alienation of medicine from community and public health; the article also explores the role of technology in support of reform. In each article, the authors propose treatments to correct the problems in the osteopathic medical education model, and conclude that the profession is well-positioned to lead medical education reform.
Somatic dysfunction increase during caffeine withdrawal
Authors: Reeves, Roy A , Struve Frederick A. , Patrick Gloria 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The authors studied the effects of caffeine withdrawal on 14 subjects at baseline and during a 4-day period of abstinence from caffeine. They studied the results from quantitative electroencephalograms performed on these subjects and gauged any changes that may have been evoked during this withdrawal period. The participants were also evaluated for the occurrence of somatic dysfunctions. Examinations for the presence of somatic dysfunctions were performed on the participants before caffeine cessation and on Days 1,2 and 4 of abstinence. Results showed that the number of somatic dysfunctions increased significantly during the process of caffeine withdrawal.
An osteopathic prescription for medical education reform: Part 2. Specialty mix and community integration
Authors: Ross-Lee Barbara , Kiss Lois E. , Weiser Michael A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Calls for medical education reform focus on four major criticisms directed at curricular content and context, infrastructure fragmentation, specialty mix, and the lack of integration with community and public health. In the previous article in this two-part series, authors from the osteopathic medical education community focused on uniquely osteopathic reforms for the curriculum and the fragmented educational system. That article documented the leadership position of osteopathic medical education in implementing reforms with respect to these two criticisms. The authors of this second article tackle the osteopathic contributions to workforce issues related to the generalist-to-specialist imbalance, the opportunities to move from a community-based profession to a profession accountable for community health, and the potential for technologic advances to aid in reform in all four areas under consideration in both articles. They conclude that the osteopathic medical profession can lead medical education reform in the United States with visionary leadership in place.
Eocene Loranthaceae pollen pushes back divergence ages for major splits in the family
Authors: Grímsson Friðgeir , Kapli Paschalia , Hofmann Christa-Charlotte , Zetter Reinhard , Grimm Guido W. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundWe revisit the palaeopalynological record of Loranthaceae, using pollen ornamentation to discriminate lineages and to test molecular dating estimates for the diversification of major lineages.MethodsFossil Loranthaceae pollen from the Eocene and Oligocene are analysed and documented using scanning-electron microscopy. These fossils were associated with molecular-defined clades and used as minimum age constraints for Bayesian node dating using different topological scenarios.ResultsThe fossil Loranthaceae pollen document the presence of at least one extant root-parasitic lineage (Nuytsieae) and two currently aerial parasitic lineages (Psittacanthinae and Loranthinae) by the end of the Eocene in the Northern Hemisphere. Phases of increased lineage diversification (late Eocene, middle Miocene) coincide with global warm phases.DiscussionWith the generation of molecular data becoming easier and less expensive every day, neontological research should re-focus on conserved morphologies that can be traced through the fossil record. The pollen, representing the male gametophytic generation of plants and often a taxonomic indicator, can be such a tracer. Analogously, palaeontological research should put more effort into diagnosing Cenozoic fossils with the aim of including them into modern systematic frameworks.
A colossal impact enriched Mars' mantle with noble metals
Authors: Brasser R. , Mojzsis S. J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOnce the terrestrial planets had mostly completed their assembly, bombardment continued by planetesimals left over from accretion. Highly siderophile element (HSE) abundances in Mars' mantle imply that its late accretion supplement was 0.8 wt %; Earth and the Moon obtained an additional 0.7 wt % and 0.02 wt %, respectively. The disproportionately high Earth/Moon accretion ratio is explicable by stochastic addition of a few remaining Ceres‐sized bodies that preferentially targeted Earth. Here we show that Mars' late accretion budget also requires a colossal impact, a plausible visible remnant of which is the emispheric dichotomy. The addition of sufficient HSEs to the Martian mantle entails an impactor of at least 1200 km in diameter to have struck Mars before ~4430 Ma, by which time crust formation was well underway. Thus, the dichotomy could be one of the oldest geophysical features of the Martian crust. Ejected debris could be the source material for its satellites.
Copper‐Catalyzed Sequential Azomethine Imine‐Alkyne Cycloaddition and Umpolung Thiolation Reactions
Authors: Zhang Min , Wu Feifei , Wang Huanhong , Wu Junshi , Chen Wanzhi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed sequential 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine imines and alkynes and electrophilic thiolations are described. The C−S, C−N, and C−C bonds were simultaneously formed in one pot, leading to N,N‐bicyclic pyrazolidinones in good to excellent yields. The process is proposed to proceed via reaction of a cuprate pyrazolidinonate intermediate and benzenesulfonothioate.magnified image
Non‐Fermi Liquids as Highly Active Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Hirai Shigeto , Yagi Shunsuke , Chen Wei‐Tin , Chou Fang‐Cheng , Okazaki Noriyasu , Ohno Tomoya , Suzuki Hisao , Matsuda Takeshi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in emerging energy conversion technologies such as rechargeable metal‐air batteries, and direct solar water splitting. Herein, a remarkably low overpotential of ≈150 mV at 10 mA cm−2disk in alkaline solutions using one of the non‐Fermi liquids, Hg2Ru2O7, is reported. Hg2Ru2O7 displays a rapid increase in current density and excellent durability as an OER catalyst. This outstanding catalytic performance is realized through the coexistence of localized d‐bands with the metallic state that is unique to non‐Fermi liquids. The findings indicate that non‐Fermi liquids could greatly improve the design of highly active OER catalysts.
Herstellung fester polyfunktioneller Alkinylzinkpivalate mit verbesserter Luft‐ und Feuchtigkeitsstabilität
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hung , Tüllmann Carl Phillip , Ellwart Mario , Knochel Paul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDie Umsetzung von Alkinen mit TMPZnOPiv (TMP=2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidyl) als Base liefert die entsprechenden festen und luftstabilen Alkinylzinkpivalate. Diese Organozinkpivalate werden als Pulver unter milden Bedingungen in exzellenten Ausbeuten gewonnen und können an Luft für mehrere Stunden ohne signifikante Zersetzung gehandhabt werden. Die Alkinylzinkpivalate zeigen exzellente Reaktivität in verschiedenen C‐C‐Verknüpfungsreaktionen und in 1,3‐dipolaren Cycloadditionen. Diese Zinkreagenzien wurden verwendet, um ein Carboxyamidotriazol mit potenzieller antineoplastischer Aktivität in 8 Schritten in 38 % Gesamtausbeute herzustellen.
An Auto‐Inductive Cascade for the Optical Sensing of Thiols in Aqueous Media: Application in the Detection of a VX Nerve Agent Mimic
Authors: Sun Xiaolong , Anslyn Eric V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA new auto‐inductive protocol employs a Meldrum's‐acid‐based conjugate acceptor (1) as a latent source of thiol for signal amplification, as well as optical detection of thiols. The auto‐induction is initiated by a thiol‐disulfide exchange that leads to the generation of β‐mercaptoethanol, which in turn decouples the conjugate acceptor to release more thiols, resulting in a self‐propagating cycle that continues until all the conjugate acceptor is consumed. Using 1 in a two‐step integrated protocol yields a rapid, sensitive, and precise diagnostic assay for the ultratrace quantitation of a thiophosphate nerve agent surrogate.
Anion Exchange Renders Hydrophobic Capsules and Cargoes Water‐Soluble
Authors: Percástegui Edmundo G. , Mosquera Jesús , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractControl over the solubility properties of container molecules is a central challenge in host–guest chemistry. Herein we present a simple anion‐exchange protocol that allows the dissolution in water of various hydrophobic metal–organic container molecules prepared by iron(II)‐templated subcomponent self‐assembly. Our process involved the exchange of less hydrophilic trifluoromethanesulfonate anions for hydrophilic sulfate; the resulting water‐soluble cages could be rendered water‐insoluble through reverse anion exchange. Notably, this strategy allowed cargoes within capsules, including polycyclic aromatic compounds and complex organic drugs, to be brought into water. Hydrophobic effects appeared to enhance binding, as many of these cargoes were not bound in non‐aqueous media. Studies of the scope of this method revealed that cages containing tetratopic and tritopic ligands were more stable in water, whereas cages with ditopic ligands disassembled.
[2.2]Paracyclophane‐Bis(triazole) Systems: Synthesis and Photochemical Behavior
Authors: Bahrin Lucian G. , Sarbu Laura G. , Jones Peter G. , Birsa Lucian M. , Hopf Henning 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMono‐, pseudo‐gem, and pseudo‐para ethynylcyclophanes and bis(azides) have been employed as addition partners in CuAAC reactions to design and build complex extended molecular scaffolds. The reactivity of the resulting triazoles was investigated under photochemical conditions. A variety of newly substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes were identified; deazotization of pseudo‐gem and pseudo‐para adducts provided indolophane derivatives. An intramolecular stabilization effect was observed in the case of pseudo‐gem derivatives. A photochemical rearrangement from a pseudo‐para adduct to a pseudo‐ortho product was identified.
How Does Culture Improve Consumer Engagement in CSR Initiatives? the Mediating Role of Motivational Attributions
Authors: Hur Won‐Moo , Kim Yeonshin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the consumer–corporate social responsibility (CSR) relationship by studying the influence of two cultural values – collectivism and masculinity –on the formation of CSR perceptions. A model is proposed which explains the effect of the cultural values on motivational attributions and consumer perceptions of CSR practices. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 560 consumers in South Korea. Data analysis was performed employing the structural equation modeling approach. The results indicate that collectivistic (masculine) values are positively (negatively) related to perceptions of CSR. Furthermore, intrinsic attributions of CSR initiatives mediate the positive relationship between collectivism and CSR perceptions and the negative relationship between masculinity and CSR perceptions. These findings suggest that managers must seek to understand consumers' cultural characteristics and the attributions of CSR motivations in order to develop effective CSR strategies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Ultra‐fast LC–MS/MS in therapeutic drug monitoring: Quantification of clozapine and norclozapine in human plasma
Authors: Couchman Lewis , Fisher Danielle S. , Subramaniam Krithika , Handley Simon A. , Boughtflower Robert J. , Benton Christopher M. , Flanagan Robert J. 
Published: June 2017

A novel approach to high‐throughput, targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis has been developed. A single chromatographic system can be used for the analysis of a range of 20 drugs and metabolites with a total analysis time of 36 s (one 96‐well plate of prepared samples per hour). To demonstrate the applicability of this approach to quantitative analysis, a method has been validated for the therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine and norclozapine following automated extraction from human plasma. Chromatographic retention times were 11.4 and 12.4 s for norclozapine and clozapine, respectively (for both analytes the chromatographic peak width was less than 1 s). Comparison with a conventional LC–MS/MS method (5 min analysis time) showed excellent agreement. This new approach offers analysis times more akin to flow‐injection analysis, but is likely to be more widely applicable because of chromatographic resolution from residual matrix components and isobaric interferences.