bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Art and Science behind Modified Starch Edible Films and Coatings: A Review
Authors: Shah Umar , Naqash Farah , Gani Adil , Masoodi F. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTechnological advances have led to increased constraints regarding food packaging, mainly due to environmental issues, consumer health concerns, and economic restrictions associated therewith. Hence, food scientists and technologists are now more focused on developing biopolymer packages. Starch satisfies all the principal aspects making it a promising raw material for edible coatings/films. Modified starch has grabbed much attention, both at the academic as well as at the industrial level, because these films exhibit dramatic improvement in filming properties without involving any significant increase in cost of production. Various methods, additives used, and recent advances in the field of starch film production are discussed in detail in this review, which also provides an overview of the available information along with recent advances in modified starch film packaging.
Biologically Active Compounds from Hops and Prospects for Their Use
Authors: Karabín Marcel , Hudcová Tereza , Jelínek Lukáš , Dostálek Pavel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough female cones of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus) are known primarily as raw material supplying characteristic bitterness and aroma to beer, their equally significant health‐promoting effects have been known to mankind for several thousand years and hop is a plant traditionally utilized in folk medicine. This paper summarizes the scientific knowledge on the effects of all 3 major groups of secondary metabolites of hops; polyphenols, essential oils, and resins. Because of their chemical diversity, it is no coincidence that these compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacologically important properties. In addition to antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer‐related properties, particular attention is being paid to prenylflavonoids that occur almost exclusively in hops and are considered to be some of the most active phytoestrogens known. Hop oils and resins are well known for their sedative and other neuropharmacological properties, but in addition, these compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal effects. Recently, alpha bitter acids have been shown to block the development of a number of complex lifestyle diseases that are referred to by the collective name “metabolic syndrome.” Information presented in this review confirms the significant potential for the use of hops in the pharmaceutical industry and provides an understanding of beer as a natural drink that, although moderately consumed, may become a source of many health‐promoting compounds.
The Predictive Value of Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio in Hemodialysis Patients With Erythropoietin Resistance
Authors: Taymez Dilek Güven , Ucar Esma , Turkmen Kultigin , Ucar Ramazan , Afsar Baris , Gaipov Abduzhappar , Turk Suleyman 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe most important cause of anemia in CKD is relative deficiency of erythropoietin (EPO) secretion from the diseased kidney and EPO therapy has become the standard treatment for anemia of CKD. However, some patients do not respond well to erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA), so‐called ESA resistance. One of the most important causes of ESA resistance is chronic inflammation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. ESA hyporesponsiveness index (EHRI), calculated as the weekly dose of EPO divided by kilograms of body weight divided by the hemoglobin level, and has been considered useful to assess the EPO resistance. Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were also found to be associated with inflammation in HD patients. However, the relationship between NLR, PLR and EHRI has not been investigated before. HD patients underwent medical history taking, physical examination, calculation of dialysis adequacy and biochemical analysis and calculation of EHRI. Logarithmically converted EHRI (logEHRI) was correlated only with hemoglobin (r –0.381, P < 0.0001) and PLR (r = 0.227, P = 0.021) but not with NLR. Comparison of PLR among 25th, 50th and 75th percentile of EHRI showed that PLR levels increased going from the 25th to 75th percentile (P = 0.032). Posthoc analysis revealed that 25–75th percentile (P = 0.014) and 50–75th percentile (P = 0.033) were different with respect to PLR. In linear regression analysis, PLR (standardized β = 0.296, confidence interval: 0.000–0.001, P = 0.003) was independently associated with logEHRI. We found that PLR was independently associated with EHRI in HD patients. PLR, which is quite a simple and cheap method, may guide clinicians for detecting EPO resistance.
Cryptic diversity revealed by DNA barcoding in Colombian illegally traded bird species
Authors: Mendoza Ángela María , Torres María Fernanda , Paz Andrea , Trujillo‐Arias Natalia , López‐Alvarez Diana , Sierra Socorro , Forero Fernando , Gonzalez Mailyn A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractColombia is the country with the largest number of bird species worldwide, yet its avifauna is seriously threatened by habitat degradation and poaching. We built a DNA barcode library of nearly half of the bird species listed in the CITES appendices for Colombia, thereby constructing a species identification reference that will help in global efforts for controlling illegal species trade. We obtained the COI barcode sequence of 151 species based on 281 samples, representing 46% of CITES bird species registered for Colombia. The species analysed belong to nine families, where Trochilidae and Psittacidae are the most abundant ones. We sequenced for the first time the DNA barcode of 47 species, mainly hummingbirds endemic of the Northern Andes region. We found a correct match between morphological and genetic identification for 86–92% of the species analysed, depending on the cluster analysis performed (BIN, ABGD and TaxonDNA). Additionally, we identified eleven cases of high intraspecific divergence based on K2P genetic distances (up to 14.61%) that could reflect cryptic diversity. In these cases, the specimens were collected in geographically distant sites such as different mountain systems, opposite flanks of the mountain or different elevations. Likewise, we found two cases of possible hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting. This survey constitutes the first attempt to build the DNA barcode library of endangered bird species in Colombia establishing as a reference for management programs of illegal species trade, and providing major insights of phylogeographic structure that can guide future taxonomic research.
Psychometric validation of Chinese Health Assessment Questionnaire for use in rheumatoid arthritis patients in China
Authors: Hu Hao , Luan Luan , Yang Keqin , Li Shu‐Chuen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo validate the psychometric properties of the Chinese Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) for use in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in China.MethodsThe psychometric properties of the HAQ were validated by interviewing subjects with a questionnaire battery containing the HAQ, EQ‐5D, and Short Form 12 (SF‐12). Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, construct validity by assessing a priori hypotheses, and discriminative validity by discriminating subjects in different groups, respectively. To assess the applicability of HAQ in different regions, subgroup analyses were conducted for south and north China, respectively.ResultsQuestionnaires were administered to a consecutive sample of 133 RA patients. Cronbach's alpha showed a strong reliability among all the items. In particular, the internal reliability was higher when excluding the items about the use of aids and devices: 0.987 when excluding versus 0.963 when including. Construct validity was supported by achieving both of the a priori hypotheses based on correlations between the HAQ scores and scales of EQ‐5D and SF‐12. Overall, HAQ scores were important inferential factors for Global Functional Status in RA, which indicated good discriminative validity. The validation results are generally consistent between subgroups from north and south China.ConclusionsThe Chinese HAQ demonstrated good acceptability and psychometric properties in RA patients from China. Two possible improvements for better use and interpretation of the patient‐reported outcomes of RA patients in China could be to cross‐culturally adapt the items about the use of aids and devices and joint use of mental health measurements together with HAQ in future studies.
Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profile in callus tissues of osteoporotic phenotype mice induced by osteoblast‐specific Krm2 overexpression
Authors: Wang Chengxue , Yu Tiecheng , Tan Lei , Cheng Jieping 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of fracture healing in osteoporotic mice.MethodsThe gene expression profiles of callus tissues of osteoporotic mice and controls were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their related biological function and pathways were investigated. In addition, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for DEG encoding proteins and the differentially expressed transcriptional factor was screened.ResultsThere were 275 up‐regulated genes and 347 down‐regulated genes. The collagen metabolic process biological function was significantly enriched by down‐regulated genes. Extracellular matrix (ECM)‐receptor interaction was a significant pathway that was enriched by differentially expressed genes. In PPI (protein–protein interaction) network, Pcna was the significant node with highest connective degrees. Other hub nodes, such as Ccnb2 and Rrm2, were closely associated with the p53 signaling pathway. Tal1 and Smad6 were found to be differentially expressed transcription factors.ConclusionThe dysregulated collagen metabolic process, ECM‐receptor interaction and p53 signaling pathway may be responsible for impaired fracture healing of osteoporotic mice. The hub nodes (such as Ccnb2 and Rrm2) and differentially expressed TFs (such as Tal1 and Smad6) play a critical role in bone remodeling of osteoporotic individuals.
Efficacy and safety of minodronic acid hydrate in patients with steroid‐induced osteoporosis
Authors: Kitamura Noboru , Shiraiwa Hidetaka , Inomata Hirotake , Nozaki Takamasa , Ikumi Natsumi , Sugiyama Kaita , Nagasawa Yousuke , Karasawa Hiromi , Iwata Mitsuhiro , Matsukawa Yoshihiro , Takei Masami 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesMinodronic acid hydrate, an oral bisphosphonate, has a greater inhibitory effect on bone resorption than do other approved drugs; however, this has been studied only in patients with primary osteoporosis. Here, we administered minodronic acid hydrate to patients with steroid‐induced osteoporosis who have been treated with steroids for rheumatoid arthritis or other collagen diseases, and the efficacy and safety of minodronic acid hydrate were prospectively investigated.MethodsTwenty‐five patients treated in our rheumatology clinic received minodronic acid hydrate 1 mg/day. The changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers were investigated at 3 and 6 months, and adverse events, including the presence or absence of an incident osteoporotic fracture, were examined over a period of 6 months.ResultsPercent changes in BMD of the lumbar spine and femur significantly increased. The values of bone turnover markers significantly decreased. There were no patients with a radiographically apparent incident fracture. Adverse events included toothache for which the patient discontinued the treatment and three cases of gastrointestinal disorder that did not lead to discontinuation, and thus minodronic acid hydrate was well tolerated.ConclusionsHere, we show that minodronic acid hydrate is effectively and safely used for treatment of steroid‐induced osteoporosis.
Quantitative trait loci mapping reveals pleiotropic effect for grain iron and zinc concentrations in wheat
Authors: Crespo‐Herrera L.A. , Velu G. , Singh R.P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMalnutrition because of the deficiency of minerals such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) afflicts over 2 billion people worldwide. Wheat is a major staple crop, providing 20% of dietary energy and protein consumption worldwide. Breeding wheat with elevated levels of grain Zn and Fe concentrations (GZn and GFe) represents a significant opportunity to increase the intake of these micronutrients for the resource poor people who depend on it as a major source of dietary energy. Synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) have large genetic variation for GZn and GFe, which can be exploited for developing wheat varieties with higher concentrations of these minerals. The objective of this study was to localise genomic regions associated with GZn and GFe, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and test weight (TW) in a mapping population derived from the cross of Seri M82 and the SHW CWI76364. Major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 4BS were detected for GZn and GFe; the QTL explained up to 19.6% of the total phenotypic variation for GZn and showed pleiotropic effects on GFe. This indicates that simultaneous improvement of GZn and GFe is feasible. Three and five QTL for TW and TKW were detected, respectively. One of the QTL for TKW was also located on chromosome 4BS. Positive correlations between plant height and GZn/GFe were observed. The 4BS QTL is of great interest for breeding biofortified wheat by means of marker‐assisted selection.
Splinting of teeth following trauma: a review and a new splinting recommendation
Authors: Kahler B , Hu J‐Y , Marriot‐Smith CS , Heithersay GS 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWith advances in the understanding of healing processes of the periodontium, pulp and alveolar bone following various injuries, the role of splinting has become relatively well defined. This is generally reflected in the guidelines for trauma management published by the International Association of Dental Traumatology. While the widespread use of composite resin as an adhesive in various functional/flexible splinting systems has over many years allowed ease of application, removal of the material is not only time consuming but more seriously accompanied by minor or major iatrogenic damage to enamel. Dental materials science has continued to provide new materials and amongst them the development of resin activated glass‐ionomer cement suitable for orthodontic bracket cementation has allowed the development of an alternative simplified splinting regimen for traumatized teeth which offers ease of application and removal with minimal or no iatrogenic damage to enamel.
Prevention and management of external inflammatory resorption following trauma to teeth
Authors: Abbott PV 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExternal inflammatory resorption is one of the potential consequences of trauma to the teeth. It occurs when there has been loss of cementum due to damage to the external surface of the tooth root during trauma, plus the root canal system has become infected with bacteria. It is characterized by the radiographic appearance of loss of tooth substance with a radiolucency in the adjacent periodontal ligament and bone. The loss of cementum allows the intracanal bacteria and/or their endotoxins to reach the periodontal ligament more readily and this can lead to the development of the inflammatory resorptive process. External inflammatory resorption can ultimately lead to loss of the tooth if it is not managed in a timely manner. There are some injuries that are very likely to develop this type of resorption and a preventive approach can be adopted by commencing root canal treatment immediately as part of the emergency management of such cases. In cases where the resorptive process is already established, root canal treatment can arrest the resorption and encourage hard tissue repair. The use of a corticosteroid‐antibiotic intracanal medicament has been shown to be particularly useful in the prevention and management of external inflammatory resorption. Calcium hydroxide should not be used as an immediate medicament because of its inherent toxicity and irritant properties but it is valuable as a subsequent medicament to encourage hard tissue repair where required. This review outlines the external inflammatory resorptive process and the management strategies that can be employed to prevent it from occurring, and to treat it if already present.
Management of incompletely developed teeth requiring root canal treatment
Authors: Harlamb SC 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEndodontic management of the permanent immature tooth continues to be a challenge for both clinicians and researchers. Clinical concerns are primarily related to achieving adequate levels of disinfection as ‘aggressive’ instrumentation is contraindicated and hence there exists a much greater reliance on endodontic irrigants and medicaments. The open apex has also presented obturation difficulties, notably in controlling length. Long‐term apexification procedures with calcium hydroxide have proven to be successful in retaining many of these immature infected teeth but due to their thin dentinal walls and perceived problems associated with long‐term placement of calcium hydroxide, they have been found to be prone to cervical fracture and subsequent tooth loss. In recent years there has developed an increasing interest in the possibility of ‘regenerating’ pulp tissue in an infected immature tooth. It is apparent that although the philosophy and hope of ‘regeneration’ is commendable, recent histologic studies appear to suggest that the calcified material deposited on the canal wall is bone/cementum rather than dentine, hence the absence of pulp tissue with or without an odontoblast layer.
Prevalence and associations of central serous chorioretinopathy in elderly Chinese. The Beijing Eye Study 2011
Authors: Li Yang , You Qi Sheng , Wei Wen Bin , Xu Jie , Chen Chang Xi , Wang Ya Xing , Xu Liang , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence and associations of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in elderly Chinese.MethodsThe population‐based cross‐sectional Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals (age: 64.6 ± 9.8 years; range: 50–93 years), who underwent enhanced depth imaging of spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). CSC was defined as serous detachment of the retina in the macular region without signs of haemorrhages or signs of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, exudative age‐related macular degeneration or other retinal vascular disorders, both on fundus photographs and on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.ResultsCentral serous chorioretinopathy was diagnosed in 10 eyes (prevalence rate: 0.15 ± 0.05%; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.06%, 0.25%) of 10 subjects (prevalence rate: 0.31 ± 0.10%; 95% CI: 0.12%, 0.50%). In five subjects, CSC was located foveally, and in five subjects, CSC was located extrafoveally. All subjects affected by foveal CSC were men, and three of the five individuals with extrafoveal CSC were men. In univariate analysis, subjects with CSC were significantly younger than the remaining study participants, and foveal CSC showed a significant (p = 0.02) predilection for men. After adjusting for age and gender, individuals with foveal CSC (383 ± 112 μm versus 270 ± 47 μm; p = 0.02) and the whole group of subjects with CSC had a significantly thicker subfoveal choroid. In a parallel manner, eyes contralateral to eyes with foveal CSC showed a significantly thicker subfoveal choroid than the age‐adjusted control group (413 ± 74 μm versus 270 ± 47 μm; p = 0.001).ConclusionsIn Chinese aged 50+ years, the prevalence of CSC was 0.14% per subject. The choroid in the CSC affected eyes and in the contralateral unaffected eyes was significantly thicker than in an age‐ and gender‐adjusted control population‐based group.
Idolatry: A Reading Key for the Market Economy?
Authors: Sung Jung Mo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article proposes that theology can and must have a significant role in understanding current economic‐social reality. Using examples that portray the frequent use of religious terms among executives, economists, and political and social analysts, it shows that the discourse of the market system assumes a dogmatic faith in the market and that the theological concept of idolatry can be very useful in unveiling the system's fascination and sacrificial character.
Rethinking Debt: Theology, Indebted Subjects, and Student Loans
Authors: Phelps Hollis 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on the way in which a theological understanding of debt resonates with moral and economic debt, with particular attention paid to student loan debt. Although the so‐called satisfaction theory of atonement, which grounds itself in the debt we owe to God, resonates with the logic of contemporary capitalism, this article suggests that other theological traditions concerning debt, which conceive of debt variously as something owed to the devil or as something that God owes to us, provide avenues for rethinking debt, theologically, morally, and economically.
Protestant Ghosts and Spirits of Capitalism: Ecology, Economy, and the Reformation Tradition
Authors: Rowe Terra S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis essay analyzes current Protestant perspectives on the relationship between this tradition and capitalism from the perspective of social and ecological concerns. Rather than deciding between the tradition's purity or culpability in the rise of capitalism, this essay suggests that those concerned with both the future of the tradition and social/eco‐justice must acknowledge both the tradition's congruence with global capitalism and the tradition's prophetic ability to critique and propose alternatives.
Luther's Challenge: The Power of Greed in Our Common Home
Authors: Torvend Samuel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhen faced with growing poverty, corrupt business practices, and the power of banking houses and lobbyists, Luther drew on his theological anthropology in order to discern the devastating power of greed in human relationships. And yet, as he admitted, greed was and is a clever master of human ambition, accepted by leaders in church, commerce, and government. His teaching on the power of greed was in continuity with the Christian tradition and yet broke new ground in his recognition that this vice possesses a social, institutional nature.
2017: The Quincentennial Celebration of the Reformation in an Age of Secularization and Religious Pluralism
Authors: Lehmann Hartmut 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the last days of October 1517 Martin Luther finished a series of theological theses in which he argued that selling indulgences was theologically wrong; in fact, untenable. Protestants consider Luther's initiative the beginning of the Reformation. But how should we celebrate the memory of these events that took place 500 years ago? What is the lasting value of Luther's message in our time, in an age of secularization and religious pluralism?