bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy of endodontic medicaments and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
Authors: Plutzer B , Zilm P , Ratnayake J , Cathro P 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have investigated the effectiveness of root canal irrigants and medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of commonly used medicaments against E. faecalis cultured as a biofilm on dentine substrate.MethodsAn E. faecalis biofilm was established on human dentine slices using a continuous flow cell. Each test medicament (Ledermix, Ca(OH)2, Odontopaste, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 50:50 combinations of Ledermix/Ca(OH)2 and Odontopaste/Ca(OH)2) was introduced into the flow cell and biofilms were harvested and quantitated by determining cellular protein. Cellular viability was determined using serial plating and the number of colony‐forming units was normalized against cellular protein to allow treatment protocols to be compared. Qualitative scanning electron microscopy analyses of the biofilm were performed after a 48‐h exposure to each test agent.ResultsSodium hypochlorite achieved total bacterial elimination. Ledermix and Odontopaste had no significant effect on the E. faecalis biofilm. Ca(OH)2 and 50:50 combinations of Ca(OH)2/Ledermix or Ca(OH)2/Odontopaste reduced the viability by more than 99% while 0.2% chlorhexidine reduced bacterial numbers by 97%.ConclusionsSodium hypochlorite remains the gold standard for bacterial elimination in root canal therapy. However, Ca(OH)2 in isolation and combined with Ledermix, and Odontopaste was highly effective in reducing bacterial viability.
Hepatitis B reactivation and outcomes in persons treated with directly acting antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus: results from ERCHIVES
Authors: Butt A. A. , Yan P. , Shaikh O. S. , Abou‐Samra A.‐B. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundHigher risk of hepatitis B reactivation (HBV‐r) has been reported in patients with hepatitis C treated with newer directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs).AimTo determine the proportion of persons who develop HBV‐r and its clinical consequences among DAA treated vs pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEG/RBV) treated persons.MethodsWe calculated the proportion of persons who developed HBV viral reactivation (HBV‐r; new detectable HBV DNA or increase of >1 log10); serum alanine aminotransferase flare (>5 times baseline); all‐cause mortality and hepatic decompensation in persons treated with a newer DAA regimen or PEG/RBV. Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to demonstrate survival and hepatic decompensation by treatment group and HBV‐r.ResultsIn 34 632 persons treated with DAA and 23 475 treated with PEG/RBV, HBV‐r rate per 1000 person‐years was 30.04 (10.41, 49.67) and 25.42 (95% CI 17.23, 33.62) respectively (P = .8). When stratified by SVR or by baseline HBsAg status, HBV‐r was not different between groups. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves comparing each regimen stratified by presence or absence of HBV‐r did not demonstrate a significant difference in incidence of hepatic decompensation over time. For overall survival, there was no difference between PEG/RBV treated persons with or without HBV‐r. For DAA treated persons, those with HBV‐r had a shortened survival, though the numbers at risk were small.ConclusionsHBV‐r is relatively uncommon after DAA therapy and not higher than among those treated with a PEG/RBV regimen. The small numbers of persons treated with a DAA regimen who do develop HBV‐r have a shortened survival compared to those without HBV‐r.
MYD88 wild‐type Waldenstrom Macroglobulinaemia: differential diagnosis, risk of histological transformation, and overall survival
Authors: Treon Steven P. , Gustine Joshua , Xu Lian , Manning Robert J. , Tsakmaklis Nicholas , Demos Maria , Meid Kirsten , Guerrera Maria L. , Munshi Manit , Chan Gloria , Chen Jiaji , Kofides Amanda , Patterson Christopher J. , Yang Guang , Liu Xia , Severns Patricia , Dubeau Toni , Hunter Zachary R. , Castillo Jorge J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryMYD88 mutations are present in 95% of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinaemia (WM) patients, and support diagnostic discrimination from other IgM‐secreting B‐cell malignancies. Diagnostic discrimination can be difficult among suspected wild‐type MYD88 (MYD88WT) WM cases. We systematically reviewed the clinical, pathological and laboratory studies for 64 suspected MYD88WT WM patients. World Health Organization and WM consensus guidelines were used to establish clinicopathological diagnosis. Up to 30% of suspected MYD88WT WM cases had an alternative clinicopathological diagnosis, including IgM multiple myeloma. The estimated 10‐year survival was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52–86%) for MYD88WT versus 90% (95% CI 82–95%) for mutated (MYD88MUT) WM patients (Log‐rank P < 0·001). Multivariate analysis only showed MYD88 mutation status (P < 0·001) as a significant determinant for overall survival. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was diagnosed in 7 (15·2%) and 2 (0·76%) of MYD88WT and MYD88MUT patients, respectively (Odds ratio 23·3; 95% CI 4·2–233·8; P < 0·001). Overall survival was shorter among MYD88WT patients with an associated DLBCL event (Log‐rank P = 0·08). The findings show that among suspected MYD88WT WM cases, an alternative clinicopathological diagnosis is common and can impact clinical care. WM patients with MYD88WT disease have a high incidence of associated DLBCL events and significantly shorter survival versus those with MYD88MUT disease.
Can non‐clinical repolarization assays predict the results of clinical thorough QT studies? Results from a research consortium
Authors: Park Eunjung , Gintant Gary A , Bi Daoqin , Kozeli Devi , Pettit Syril D , Pierson Jennifer B , Skinner Matthew , Willard James , Wisialowski Todd , Koerner John , Valentin Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2017

Background and PurposeTranslation of non‐clinical markers of delayed ventricular repolarization to clinical prolongation of the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) (a biomarker for torsades de pointes proarrhythmia) remains an issue in drug discovery and regulatory evaluations. We retrospectively analysed 150 drug applications in a US Food and Drug Administration database to determine the utility of established non‐clinical in vitro IKr current human ether‐à‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG), action potential duration (APD) and in vivo (QTc) repolarization assays to detect and predict clinical QTc prolongation.Experimental ApproachThe predictive performance of three non‐clinical assays was compared with clinical thorough QT study outcomes based on free clinical plasma drug concentrations using sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, positive (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs) and likelihood ratios (LRs).Key ResultsNon‐clinical assays demonstrated robust specificity (high true negative rate) but poor sensitivity (low true positive rate) for clinical QTc prolongation at low‐intermediate (1×–30×) clinical exposure multiples. The QTc assay provided the most robust PPVs and NPVs (ability to predict clinical QTc prolongation). ROC curves (overall test accuracy) and LRs (ability to influence post‐test probabilities) demonstrated overall marginal performance for hERG and QTc assays (best at 30× exposures), while the APD assay demonstrated minimal value.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe predictive value of hERG, APD and QTc assays varies, with drug concentrations strongly affecting translational performance. While useful in guiding preclinical candidates without clinical QT prolongation, hERG and QTc repolarization assays provide greater value compared with the APD assay.
The governance of land use strategies: Institutional and social dimensions of land sparing and land sharing
Authors: Jiren Tolera S. , Dorresteijn Ine , Schultner Jannik , Fischer Joern 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAgricultural land use is a key interface between the goals of ensuring food security and protecting biodiversity. “Land sparing” supports intensive agriculture to save land for conservation, whereas “land sharing” integrates production and conservation on the same land. The framing around sparing versus sharing has been extensively debated. Here, we focused on a frequently missing yet crucial component, namely the governance dimension. Through a case‐study in Ethiopia, we uncovered stakeholder preferences for sparing versus sharing, the underlying rationale, and implementation capacity challenges. Policy stakeholders preferred sparing whereas implementation stakeholders preferred sharing, which aligned with existing informal institutions. Implementation of both strategies was limited by social, biophysical, and institutional factors. Land use policies need to account for both ecological patterns and social context. The findings from simple analytical frameworks (e.g., sparing vs. sharing) therefore need to be interpreted carefully, and in a social‐ecological context, to generate meaningful recommendations for conservation practice.
Seasonal Training Load and Wellness Monitoring in a Professional Soccer Goalkeeper
Authors: Malone James J. , Jaspers Arne , Helsen Werner , Merks Brenda , Frencken Wouter G.P. , Brink Michel S. 
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this investigation was to (1) quantify the training load practices of a professional soccer goalkeeper and (2) investigate the relationship between the training load observed and the subsequent self-reported wellness response. One male goalkeeper playing for a team in the top league of the Netherlands participated in this case study. Training load data were collected across a full season using a global positioning system device and session-RPE (rating of perceived exertion). Data were assessed in relation to the number of days to a match (MD− and MD+). In addition, self-reported wellness response was assessed using a questionnaire. Duration, total distance, average speed, PlayerLoad™, and load (derived from session-RPE) were highest on MD. The lowest values for duration, total distance, and PlayerLoad™ were observed on MD−1 and MD+1. Total wellness scores were highest on MD and MD−3 and were lowest on MD+1 and MD−4. Small to moderate correlations between training load measures (duration, total distance covered, high deceleration efforts, and load) and the self-reported wellness response scores were found. This exploratory case study provides novel data about the physical load undertaken by a goalkeeper during 1 competitive season. The data suggest that there are small to moderate relationships between training load indicators and self-reported wellness response. This weak relation indicates that the association is not meaningful. This may be due to the lack of position-specific training load parameters that practitioners can currently measure in the applied context.
Becoming Part of the Team: Female Student Athletes’ Engagement in Initiation Activities
Authors: Lafferty Moira , Wakefield Caroline 
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study was to explore female student athletes’ participation in initiation activities, specifically to examine whether activities in the United Kingdom followed trends similar to those reported elsewhere. A sample of 8 female athletes representing both traditional and nontraditional team and individual sports (Mage = 20 yr 3 mo,SD = 1 yr 3 mo) who met inclusion criteria of having taken part in an initiation ceremony consented to participate in a semistructured interview. Thematic content analysis resulted in the emergence of 6 higher order themes represented by 2 general dimensions: the initiation event and initiation outcomes. Findings indicated that female student athletes’ initiation activities encompassed discrete stages as they moved from team newcomers to accepted team members. Of particular concern is the direct and indirect role of alcohol in these events and the health and behavioral risks.
Can we predict the clinical outcome of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy? A systematic review
Authors: Eijgenraam Susanne M , Reijman Max , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A , van Yperen Daan T , Meuffels Duncan E 
Published: November 2017

NHS-Prospero registration number42016048592ObjectiveIn order to make a more evidence-based selection of patients who would benefit the most from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM), knowledge of prognostic factors is essential. We conducted a systematic review of predictors for the clinical outcome following APM.DesignSystematic reviewData sourcesMedline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed Publisher, Google ScholarInclusion criteriaReport an association between factor(s) and clinical outcome; validated questionnaire; follow-up >1 year.Exclusion criteria<20 subjects; anterior cruciate ligament-deficient patients; discoid menisci; meniscus repair, transplantation or implants; total or open meniscectomy.MethodsOne reviewer extracted the data, two reviewers assessed the risk of bias and performed a best-evidence synthesis.ResultsFinally, 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. Moderate evidence was found, that the presence of radiological knee osteoarthritis at baseline and longer duration of symptoms (>1 year) are associated with worse clinical outcome following APM. In addition, resecting >50% of meniscal tissue and leaving a non-intact meniscal rim after meniscectomy are intra-articular predictive factors for worse clinical outcome. Moderate evidence was found that sex, onset of symptoms (acute or chronic), tear type or preoperative sport level are not predictors for clinical outcome. Conflicting evidence was found for the prognostic value of age, perioperative chondral damage, body mass index and leg alignment.Summary/conclusionLong duration of symptoms (>1 year), radiological knee osteoarthritis and resecting >50% of meniscus are associated with a worse clinical outcome following APM. These prognostic factors should be considered in clinical decision making for patients with meniscal tears.
Cohort profile: the TrueNTH Global Registry - an international registry to monitor and improve localised prostate cancer health outcomes
Authors: Evans Sue M , Millar Jeremy L , Moore Caroline M , Lewis John D , Huland Hartwig , Sampurno Fanny , Connor Sarah E , Villanti Paul , Litwin Mark S 
Published: November 2017

PurposeGlobally, prostate cancer treatment and outcomes for men vary according to where they live, their race and the care they receive. The TrueNTH Global Registry project was established as an international registry monitoring care provided to men with localised prostate cancer (CaP).ParticipantsSites with existing CaP databases in Movember fundraising countries were invited to participate in the international registry. In total, 25 Local Data Centres (LDCs) representing 113 participating sites across 13 countries have nominated to contribute to the project. It will collect a dataset based on the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measures (ICHOM) standardised dataset for localised CaP.Findings to dateA governance strategy has been developed to oversee registry operation, including transmission of reversibly anonymised data. LDCs are represented on the Project Steering Committee, reporting to an Executive Committee. A Project Coordination Centre and Data Coordination Centre (DCC) have been established. A project was undertaken to compare existing datasets, understand capacity at project commencement (baseline) to collect the ICHOM dataset and assist in determining the final data dictionary. 21/25 LDCs provided data dictionaries for review. Some ICHOM data fields were well collected (diagnosis, treatment start dates) and others poorly collected (complications, comorbidities). 17/94 (18%) ICHOM data fields were relegated to non-mandatory fields due to poor capture by most existing registries. Participating sites will transmit data through a web interface biannually to the DCC.Future plansRecruitment to the TrueNTH Global Registry-PCOR project will commence in late 2017 with sites progressively contributing reversibly anonymised data following ethical review in local regions. Researchers will have capacity to source deidentified data after the establishment phase. Quality indicators are to be established through a modified Delphi approach in later 2017, and it is anticipated that reports on performance against quality indicators will be provided to LDCs.
Dune-slope activity due to frost and wind throughout the north polar erg, Mars
Authors: Diniega Serina , Hansen Candice J. , Allen Amanda , Grigsby Nathan , Li Zheyu , Perez Tyler , Chojnacki Matthew 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Repeat, high-resolution imaging of dunes within the Martian north polar erg have shown that these dune slopes are very active, with alcoves forming along the dune brink each Mars year. In some areas, a few hundred cubic metres of downslope sand movement have been observed, sometimes moving the dune brink ‘backwards’. Based on morphological and activity-timing similarities of these north polar features to southern dune gullies, identifying the processes forming these features is likely to have relevance for understanding the general evolution/modification of dune gullies. To determine alcove-formation model constraints, we have surveyed seven dune fields, each over 1–4 Mars winters. Consistent with earlier reports, we found that alcove-formation activity occurs during the autumn–winter seasons, before or while the stable seasonal frost layer is deposited. We propose a new model in which alcove formation occurs during the autumn, and springtime sublimation activity then enhances the feature. Summertime winds blow sand into the new alcoves, erasing small alcoves over a few Mars years. Based on the observed rate of alcove erasure, we estimated the effective aeolian sand transport flux. From this, we proposed that alcove formation may account for 2–20% of the total sand movement within these dune fields.
Cerebellar Hematoma Location
Authors: Pasi Marco , Marini Sandro , Morotti Andrea , Boulouis Gregoire , Xiong Li , Charidimou Andreas , Ayres Alison M. , Lee Myung Joo , Biffi Alessandro , Goldstein Joshua N. , Rosand Jonathan , Gurol M. Edip , Greenberg Steven M. , Viswanathan Anand 
Published: November 2017

Background and Purpose—
Spontaneous cerebellar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been reported to be mainly associated with vascular changes secondary to hypertension. However, a subgroup of cerebellar ICH seems related to vascular amyloid deposition (cerebral amyloid angiopathy). We sought to determine whether location of hematoma in the cerebellum (deep and superficial regions) was suggestive of a particular hemorrhage-prone small-vessel disease pathology (cerebral amyloid angiopathy or hypertensive vasculopathy).

Methods—
Consecutive patients with cerebellar ICH from a single tertiary care medical center were recruited. Based on data from pathological reports, patients were divided according to the location of the primary cerebellar hematoma (deep versus superficial). Location of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs; strictly lobar, strictly deep, and mixed CMB) was evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging.

Results—

One-hundred and eight patients (84%) had a deep cerebellar hematoma, and 20 (16%) a superficial cerebellar hematoma. Hypertension was more prevalent in deep than in patients with superficial cerebellar ICH (89% versus 65%, respectively;
P
<0.05). Among patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging, those with superficial cerebellar ICH had higher prevalence of strictly lobar CMB (43%) and lower prevalence of strictly deep or mixed CMB (0%) compared with those with deep superficial cerebellar ICH (6%, 17%, and 38%, respectively). In a multivariable model, presence of strictly lobar CMB was associated with superficial cerebellar ICH (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–8.5;
P
=0.004).

Conclusions—
Our study showed that superficial cerebellar ICH is related to the presence of strictly lobar CMB—a pathologically proven marker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Cerebellar hematoma location may thus help to identify those patients likely to have cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathology.
Effects of City Size on Thunderstorm Evolution Revealed through a Multiradar Climatology of the Central United States
Authors: Kingfield Darrel M. , Calhoun Kristin M. , de Beurs Kirsten M. , Henebry Geoffrey M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFive years of 0.01° latitude × 0.01° longitude multiradar multisensor grids of composite reflectivity and vertically integrated signals from the maximum expected size of hail (MESH) and vertically integrated liquid (VIL) were created to examine the role of city size on thunderstorm occurrence and strength around four cities: Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas; Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Omaha, Nebraska. A storm-tracking algorithm identified thunderstorm areas every minute and connected them together to form tracks. These tracks defined the upwind and downwind regions around each city on a storm-by-storm basis and were analyzed in two ways: 1) by sampling the maximum value every 10 min and 2) by accumulating the spatial footprint over its lifetime. Beyond examining all events, a subset of events corresponding to favorable conditions for urban modification was explored. This urban favorable (UF) subset consisted of nonsupercells occurring in the late afternoon/evening in the meteorological summer on weak synoptically forced days. When examining all thunderstorm events, regions at variable ranges upwind of all four cities generally had higher areal mean values of reflectivity, MESH, and VIL relative to downwind areas. In the UF subset, the larger cities (Dallas–Fort Worth and Minneapolis–St. Paul) had a 24%–50% increase in the number of downwind thunderstorms, resulting in a higher areal mean reflectivity, MESH, and VIL in this region. The smaller cities (Oklahoma City and Omaha) did not show such a downwind enhancement in thunderstorm occurrence and strength for the radar variables examined. This pattern suggests that larger cities could increase thunderstorm occurrence and intensity downwind of the prevailing flow under unique environmental conditions.