bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global trade networks determine the distribution of invasive non‐native species
Authors: Chapman Daniel , Purse Bethan V. , Roy Helen E. , Bullock James M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimAlthough global trade is implicated in biological invasions, the assumption that trade networks explain the large‐scale distributions of non‐native species remains largely untested. We addressed this by analysing relationships between global trade networks and plant pest invasion.LocationForty‐eight countries in Europe and the Mediterranean.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedFour hundred and twenty‐two non‐native plant pests (173 invertebrates, 166 pathogens, 83 plants).MethodsTen types of connectivity index were developed, representing potential roles of trade networks, air transport links, geographical proximity, climatic similarity and source country wealth in facilitating invasion. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) identified the connectivity index that best explained both historical and recent invasion. Then, more complex GLMMs were developed including connectivity through trade networks for multiple commodities relevant for pests (live plants, forest products, fruit and vegetables and seeds) and species’ transport associations with those commodities.ResultsTotal import volumes, species’ global prevalence and connectivity measures based on air transport, geographical distance or climate did not explain invasion as well as connectivity through global trade networks. Invasion was strongly promoted by agricultural imports from countries in which the focal species was present and that were climatically similar to the importing country. However, live plant imports from nearby countries provided a better explanation of the most recent invasions. Connectivity through multiple trade networks predicted invasion better than total agricultural trade, and there was support for our hypothesis that species known to be transported with a particular network had greater sensitivity to its connectivity.Main conclusionsOur findings show that patterns of invasion are governed to a large extent by global trade networks connecting source areas for non‐native species and the dispersal of those species through multiple trade networks. This enhances potential for developing a predictive framework to improve risk assessment, biosecurity and surveillance for invasions.
Prediction of Groundwater Quality Trends Resulting from Anthropogenic Changes in Southeast Florida
Authors: Yi Quanghee , Stewart Mark 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe effects of surface water flow system changes caused by constructing water‐conservation areas and canals in southeast Florida on groundwater quality under the Atlantic Coastal Ridge was investigated with numerical modeling. Water quality data were used to delineate a zone of groundwater with low total dissolved solids (TDS) within the Biscayne aquifer under the ridge. The delineated zone has the following characteristics. Its location generally coincides with an area where the Biscayne aquifer has high transmissivities, corresponds to a high recharge area of the ridge, and underlies a part of the groundwater mound formed under the ridge prior to completion of the canals. This low TDS groundwater appears to be the result of pre‐development conditions rather than seepage from the canals constructed after the 1950s. Numerical simulation results indicate that the time for low TDS groundwater under the ridge to reach equilibrium with high TDS surface water in the water‐conservation areas and Everglades National Park are approximately 70 and 60 years, respectively. The high TDS groundwater would be restricted to the water‐conservation areas and the park due to its slow eastward movement caused by small hydraulic gradients in Rocky Glades and its mixing with the low TDS groundwater under the high‐recharge area of the ridge. The flow or physical boundary conditions such as high recharge rates or low hydraulic conductivity layers may affect how the spatial distribution of groundwater quality in an aquifer will change when a groundwater flow system reaches equilibrium with an associated surface water flow system.
Atomic structure of chlorine containing calcium silicate glasses by neutron diffraction and 29Si solid‐state NMR
Authors: Forto Chungong Louis , Swansbury Laura A. , Mountjoy Gavin , Hannon Alex C. , Lee Adam F. , Martin Richard A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBioactive glasses are of great importance for medical and dental applications. In order to understand, model, and predict the behavior of these materials, and ultimately improve their design, it is important to understand the structure of these glasses. Ion dissolution is known to be the crucial first step in bioactivity and is strongly dependent upon the atomic‐scale structure and network connectivity. While significant progress has been made understanding the structure of oxide‐based glasses, relatively little is known about the structure of bioactive glasses containing halides. Recently, a series of novel chloride‐based bioactive glasses has been developed. Chlorapatite converts to hydroxyapatite in water and these glasses are therefore of interest for novel toothpastes. This study reports the first detailed structural investigation of these bioactive chloride glasses using neutron diffraction and solid‐state NMR. Chlorine was found to bond to calcium within the glass, and no evidence of Si‐Cl bonding was detected. Furthermore, the absence of a chemical shift in the 29Si NMR upon the addition of CaCl2 helped confirm the absence of detectable amounts of Si‐Cl bonding. Given that chlorine does not disrupt the Si‐O‐Si network, widely used network connectivity models are therefore still valid in oxychloride glasses.
Foot health of nurses—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Stolt Minna , Suhonen Riitta , Kielo Emilia , Katajisto Jouko , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo analyze the level of nurses' foot health and its associations with work well‐being.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional study design was applied to a random sample of Finnish nurses (n = 411). The data were collected between May 18 and June 21, 2015 using a self‐administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument and analyzed using descriptive statistics and parametric tests.ResultsNurses had a variety of foot problems. Dry skin, foot pain, and corns or calluses were the most prevalent foot problems. Long‐term diseases, the need for a physician's appointment due to foot problems, and decreased working ability were all associated with foot health. This finding was also supported by multivariate analysis.ConclusionsFoot problems are common among nurses and are associated with individual and work‐related factors. Prevention of foot problems in nurses should be prioritized to promote their working ability and predisposing factors identified as potential intervention targets.
Helping Babies Breathe implementation in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Wilson Gina Marie , Ame Ame Masemo , Khatib Maimuna Mohamed , Rende Elizabeth K. , Hartman Ann Michelle , Blood‐Siegfried Jane 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and feasibility of implementing Helping Babies Breathe, a neonatal resuscitation programme for resource‐limited environments.BackgroundThis quality improvement project focused on training midwives on Helping Babies Breathe to address high rates of neonatal mortality secondary to birth asphyxia.MethodsThe convenience sample was 33 midwives in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The train‐the‐trainer strategy with repeated measures design was used to assess knowledge and skills at 3 time points. Observations were completed during “real‐time” deliveries, and a focused interview generated feedback regarding satisfaction and sustainability.ResultsKnowledge scores and resuscitation skills significantly improved and were sustained, P < .05. Of the 62 birth observations, 19% needed intervention. All were appropriately resuscitated and survived.ConclusionResults indicate that participants retained knowledge and skills and used them in clinical practice. Observations demonstrated that participants took appropriate actions when presented with a baby who was not breathing.
Reducing the maternal dietary intake of indigestible and slowly absorbed short‐chain carbohydrates is associated with improved infantile colic: a proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Iacovou M. , Mulcahy E. C. , Truby H. , Barrett J. S. , Gibson P. R. , Muir J. G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate if a low fermentable oligo‐, di‐ and mono‐saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet consumed by breastfeeding mothers may be associated with reduced symptoms of infantile colic.MethodsExclusively breastfeeding mothers and their typically‐developing healthy infants who met the Wessel Criteria for infantile colic were recruited from the community, to this single‐blind, open‐label, interventional study. After a 3‐day qualifying period, mothers were provided a low FODMAP 7‐day diet. On days 5, 6 and 7 mothers completed a Baby Day Diary. At baseline and at the end of the 7‐day dietary intervention, breast milk was analysed for FODMAP content and infant faecal samples for pH.ResultsEighteen breastfeeding mothers (aged 27–40 years) adhered (100%) to the low FODMAP diet. Infants were of gestational age 37–40.3 weeks and aged 2–17 weeks. At entry, crying durations were a mean [95% CI] of 142 [106–61] min and fell by 52 [178–120] min (P = 0.005; ancova). Combined crying‐fussing durations fell by 73 [301–223] min (n = 13; P = 0.007), as did crying episodes (P = 0.01) and fussing durations (P = 0.011). Infant sleeping, feeding, or awake‐and‐content durations did not change. Infant faecal pH did not change. Breast milk lactose content was stable and other known FODMAPs were not detected. At end of study, mothers reported their baby ‘is much more content’ and ‘can be put down without crying’.ConclusionsMaternal low FODMAP diet may be associated with a reduction in infant colic symptoms. A randomized controlled study is warranted to determine if a maternal low FODMAP diet is effective in reducing symptoms.
Reliability and validity of FluoreCam for white‐spot lesion detection: An in vitro study
Authors: Abufarwa Moufida , Noureldin Amal , Campbell Phillip M. , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimIn the present study, we tested the reliability and validity of a new light fluorescence device, the FluoreCam.MethodsTwenty‐five human teeth were sectioned mesiodistally into halves. Group 1 (n=30) included specimens with either sound enamel or natural white‐spot lesions (WSL). Group 2 (n=20) included specimens with sound enamel used to create artificial WSL. Using the FluoreCam, baseline scans of enamel surfaces were obtained under standardized conditions. Group1 was scanned again the next day. Group 2 specimens were covered with an acid‐resistant nail polish, leaving a 2 × 6‐mm enamel window exposed, immersed in Queiroz‐solution (64 hours, 37°C/pH5 with agitation), and then scanned again. Random error of the repeated measurements (reliability) was determined using method errors and intraclass correlations (ICC). Systematic error and the ability to detect demineralization (validity) were tested using Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsMethod errors for Group 1 replicates were .39 mm2 (area), .72 pixels (intensity), and 5.69 pixels.mm2 (impact). Group 2 method errors were consistently slightly higher than those of group 1. FluoreCam showed highly reliable measurements for group 1 (ICC: 0.93‐0.98) and group 2 (ICC: 0.87‐0.97). There were no statistically‐significant systematic errors for either group (P>.05). In group 2, enamel demineralization was statistically significant in area (P<.001), intensity (P=.001), and impact (P<.001).ConclusionFluoreCam is highly reliable and valid for in vitro assessments of enamel demineralization.
Boric acid gel as local drug delivery in the treatment of class II furcation defects in chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Singhal Sandeep , Pradeep Avani Raju , Kanoriya Dharmendra , Garg Shruti , Garg Vibhuti 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimBoric acid (BA) exhibits antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, as well as osteoblastic, activity. The aim of the present study was to explore the efficacy of 0.75% BA gel as a local drug‐delivery system in adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of class II furcation defects in comparison with placebo gel.MethodsA total of 48 mandibular class II furcation defects were randomized and treated with either 0.75% BA gel or placebo gel. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, while radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and 6 months.ResultsGreater mean probing depth reduction and mean relative vertical and horizontal clinical attachment level gain were shown to be greater in group 1 than in group 2 at 3 and 6 months. Furthermore, a significantly greater mean percentage of bone fill was found in group 1 (16.98%±1.03%) than in the placebo (2.86%±0.92%) at 6 months.ConclusionThe .75% BA group showed significant improvement in clinical parameters compared to placebo gel as an adjunct to SRP. This implies an alternative for treatment of class II furcation.
Information transmission during the trial: The role of punitive damages and legal costs
Authors: Espínola‐Arredondo Ana , Munoz‐Garcia Felix , Tantihkarnchana Pitchayaporn 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper studies an incomplete information model in which a preventable accident occurred. The judge determining punitive damages observes the firm's (defendant) investment decisions, but is uninformed about the firm's experience adopting safety measures. Our model allows firms to file an appeal if the judge's verdict is incorrect, which the judge may accept or reject. We identify under which conditions a separating equilibrium exists where the firm's investment decisions signal its type to the judge, who responds with a correct verdict, thus avoiding future appeals. Our paper also finds conditions under which a pooling equilibrium exists whereby the firm's investment in precaution conceals its type from the judge, who can respond with an incorrect verdict thus giving rise to appeals. Furthermore, we show that the separating equilibrium is more likely to arise if the percentage of revenue that defendants are required to pay in punitive damages decreases, if the punitive‐to‐compensatory ratio increases, and if the legal cost of filing an appeal increases.
Global risk levels for corn rusts (Puccinia sorghi and Puccinia polysora) under climate change projections
Authors: Ramirez‐Cabral Nadiezhda Yakovleva Zitz , Kumar Lalit , Shabani Farzin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCommon rust (Puccinia sorghi) and southern rust (Puccinia polysora) are two of the most important foliar corn diseases worldwide. These fungi have caused severe economic loss to corn yields worldwide. The current and future potential distribution of these diseases was modelled with CLIMEX using the known current geographic locations of the rusts, growth and stress indices. The models were run under the A2 scenario using CSIRO‐Mk3·0 and MIROC‐H for 2050 and 2100. The current projection shows areas with marginal to optimal suitability in all the continents. The models for future projections display a general reduction in the Southern hemisphere and increase in the Northern hemisphere, especially for the southern rust. The overlay of the General Circulation Models produce an estimation of the common areas under risk for future climate conditions for the simultaneous occurrence for both corn rusts, with a reduction of the medium‐ and high‐risk categories by 2100. This study highlights the possible effects of climate change at a global level for common and southern rust, as well as the risk of occurrence of both diseases in common areas for future climate that could be particularly harmful for crops.
Salivary, gingival crevicular fluid and serum levels of ghrelin and chemerin in patients with periodontitis and overweight
Authors: Jentsch H. F. R. , Arnold N. , Richter V. , Deschner J. , Kantyka T. , Eick S. 
Published: June 2017

Background and ObjectiveNutrition and body weight are modifying factors for periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to quantify two molecules (ghrelin and chemerin), released in association with food intake and obesity, in periodontally healthy and diseased individuals with respect to different body mass categories.Material and MethodsThe two main groups (patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy/gingivitis volunteers) were subdivided into groups of subjects with normal weight [body mass index (BMI) <25] and groups of overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥25). Subgingival bacteria were analysed and the levels of acylated and total ghrelin, chemerin and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were assessed in saliva, gingival crevicular fluid and serum.ResultsThe amount of Treponema denticola present subgingivally was significantly higher in the groups of patients with chronic periodontitis as well as in periodontally healthy/gingivitis individuals with BMI ≥25 than in periodontally healthy/gingivitis individuals with BMI <25. The amount of total ghrelin in gingival crevicular fluid differed significantly between the groups, with the lowest levels found in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis and BMI ≥25. The levels of chemerin in gingival crevicular fluid were significantly higher in each chronic periodontitis group than in periodontally healthy/gingivitis individuals with BMI <25. However, the level of IL‐1β in the gingival crevicular fluid was most differentiating between the groups, with the highest levels found in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis and BMI <25 and the lowest levels in periodontally healthy/gingivitis individuals with BMI <25. No significant differences between any groups were seen for chemerin or for acylated ghrelin in the stimulated whole saliva, or for acylated and total ghrelin in peripheral blood serum. The BMI correlated with the serum level of chemerin.ConclusionLow ghrelin and high chemerin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid might be linked to periodontal disease and overweight/obesity. However, unlike IL‐1β, the levels of chemerin and ghrelin in gingival crevicular fluid are not reliable indicators of periodontal destruction.
Survival of patients with cancer starting chronic dialysis: Data from kidney and cancer registries in lower Normandy
Authors: Béchade Clémence , Dejardin Olivier , Bara Simona , Bouvier Véronique , Guizard Anne‐Valérie , De Mil Rémy , Troussard Xavier , Launoy Guy , Lobbedez Thierry 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAimCancer and chronic kidney disease are known to be associated. The way in which a history of cancer can influence outcome in dialysis is not well described. This work aimed to evaluate survival of cancer patients starting chronic dialysis after their diagnosis of cancer.MethodsWe merged data from cancer registries and a dialysis registry, and explored patients' charts.ResultsBetween January 2001 and December 2008, 74 patients with incident cancer in the two‐counties‐study‐area (Calvados and Manche) started chronic dialysis after their diagnosis of cancer. Survival of these incident dialysis patients with a previous diagnosis of cancer was respectively 80.9% (confidence interval 69.9; 88.2) and 68.3% (confidence interval 56.3%; 77.7%) at 1 and 2 years. Only 29 of the 74 patients (39.2%) were still alive at the end of the observation period; median participation time was 2.8 years (1st and 3rd quartiles: 1.3–4.4). Survival of patients with cancer was not different to that of non‐cancer dialysis patients matched for age and sex, except in patients with haematological malignancies who had a poorer outcome. In a multivariate stratified Cox model, the history of cancer before dialysis start was not associated with death, after adjustment on diabetes.ConclusionIn our study, survival in dialysis was not different among patients with a history of cancer compared to matched patients without malignancy. We can hypothesize that only some selected patients with cancer have access to dialysis. Studies in ESRD patients with cancer should be performed to evaluate access to dialysis in that population.
Efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic gastro‐jejunostomy (PEG‐J) decompression therapy for patients with chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO)
Authors: Ohkubo H. , Fuyuki A. , Arimoto J. , Higurashi T. , Nonaka T. , Inoh Y. , Iida H. , Inamori M. , Kaneda T. , Nakajima A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundsChronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) is an intractable rare digestive disease manifesting persistent small bowel distension without any mechanical cause. Intestinal decompression is a key treatment, but conventional method including a trans‐nasal small intestinal tube is invasive and painful. Therefore, a less invasive and tolerable new decompression method is urgently desired. We conducted a pilot study and assessed the efficacy and safety of percutaneous endoscopic gastro‐jejunostomy (PEG‐J) decompression therapy in CIPO patients.MethodsSeven definitive CIPO patients (2 males and 5 females) were enrolled. All patients received PEG‐J decompression therapy. The number of days with any abdominal symptoms in a month (NODASIM), body mass index (BMI), serum albumin level (Alb), and small intestinal volume before and after PEG‐J were compared in all patients.ResultsPercutaneous endoscopic gastro‐jejunostomy was well tolerated and oral intake improved in all patients. NODASIM has significantly decreased (24.3 vs 9.3 days/months) and BMI/Alb have significantly increased (14.9 vs 17.2 kg/m2 and 2.6 vs 3.8 g/dL, respectively), whereas total volume of the small intestine has not significantly reduced (4.05 vs 2.59 L, P=.18). Reflux esophagitis and chemical dermatitis were observed in one case but was successfully treated conservatively.Conclusions & InferencesPercutaneous endoscopic gastro‐jejunostomy decompression therapy can contribute greatly to improvement of abdominal symptoms and nutritional status in CIPO patients. Although sufficient attention should be paid to acid reflux symptoms, PEG‐J has the potential to be a non‐invasive novel decompression therapy for CIPO available at home. However, accumulation of more CIPO patients and long‐term observation are needed (UMIN000017574).
Impact of solar ultraviolet radiation on atopic dermatitis symptoms in young children: A longitudinal study
Authors: Kim Young‐Min , Kim Jihyun , Lee Ji Young , Kim Minji , Kim Hyunmi , Jung Kwon , Eo Soomi , Ahn Mijin , Ahn Kangmo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere are controversial data about the effects of sun exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD). We evaluated the association between solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and AD symptoms in children.MethodsEighty‐two children under 6 years (48 boys and 34 girls) with AD living in Seoul, Korea, were enrolled and followed for 12 months between September 2013 and August 2014. Daily symptoms were recorded to describe the degree of itching, sleep disturbance, erythema, dryness, oozing, and edema. We assessed solar UVR by measuring radiation heat flux over the 290‐400 nm wavelength range using thermopiles. A generalized linear mixed model and a generalized additive mixed model were used to evaluate the effects of UVR exposure on AD symptoms after adjusting for age, sex, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, and ambient air pollution.ResultsSymptom records of 12 915 person‐days were analyzed. UVR showed a significantly positive relationship with AD symptoms. Over the study period, an increase in UVR by 10 W/cm2 was associated with a 1.46% increase in AD symptoms (95% CI: 0.85‐2.07) on the exposure day. An increase in the 6‐day average level of UVR of the previous 5 days and the current day by 10 W/cm2 was associated with a 3.58% (95% CI: 2.60‐4.56) increase in AD symptoms. UVR exposure significantly increased AD symptoms in autumn, but decreased them in winter.ConclusionsAtopic dermatitis symptoms in children are likely to be affected by exposure to solar UVR with a cumulative effect, and this effect is different according to season.