bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of short-term, medium-term and long-term resistance exercise training on cardiometabolic health outcomes in adults: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Ashton Ruth E , Tew Garry A , Aning Jonathan J , Gilbert Stephen E , Lewis Liane , Saxton John M 
Published: October 2024

Objective
To examine the effects of short-term, medium-term and long-term resistance exercise training (RET) on measures of cardiometabolic health in adults.

Design
Intervention systematic review.

Data sources
MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to February 2018. The search strategy included the following keywords: resistance exercise, strength training and randomised controlled trial.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Randomised controlled trials published in English comparing RET≥2 weeks in duration with a non-exercising control or usual care group. Participants were non-athletic and aged ≥18 years.

Results
A total of 173 trials were included. Medium-term and long-term RET reduced systolic blood pressure (−4.02 (95% CI −5.92 to −2.11) mm Hg, p<0.0001 and −5.08 (−10.04 to –0.13) mm Hg, p=0.04, respectively) and diastolic blood pressure (−1.73 (−2.88 to –0.57) mm Hg, p=0.003 and −4.93 (−8.58 to –1.28) mm Hg, p=0.008, respectively) versus control. Medium-term RET elicited reductions in fasted insulin and insulin resistance (−0.59 (−0.97 to –0.21) µU/mL, p=0.002 and −1.22 (−2.29 to –0.15) µU/mL, p=0.02, respectively). The effects were greater in those with elevated cardiometabolic risk or disease compared with younger healthy adults. The quality of evidence was low or very low for all outcomes. There was limited evidence of adverse events.

Conclusions
RET may be effective for inducing improvements in cardio metabolic health outcomes in healthy adults and those with an adverse cardio metabolic risk profile.

PROSPERO registration number

NCT42016037946
.
Reflections on the science and impact of Bent Herskind
Authors: Leoni S. , Maj A. , Riley M. A. , Simpson J. , Vigezzi E. , Wilson J. N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBent Herskind was a Gamma-Ray Grand Master, who helped trigger the modern revolution in $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray spectroscopy, opening the door to new vistas in nuclear structure physics. His story is a remarkable one and the contributions he made to the field in terms of its scientific richness and to the development of ever more powerful detector systems, were unique. The enthusiasm and excitement he put into everything were infectious and the brilliance of his insights was compelling. His legacy will live on, not only in the significant discoveries that he made, but also in the way he instilled his deep commitment to unravelling nature’s secrets in this quest and the pleasure of physics discovery with his close collaborators. This review article summarises his career and highlights some of his scientific achievements in which the authors had the privilege to collaborate with him.
Fermionic Casimir energy in Horava–Lifshitz scenario
Authors: de Mello E. R. Bezerra , Cruz M. B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the violation of Lorentz symmetry through the Casimir effect, one of the most intriguing phenomena in modern physics. The Casimir effect, which represents a macroscopic quantum force between two neutral conducting surfaces, is widely regarded as a triumph of Quantum Field Theory. In this study, we present new results for the Casimir effect, focusing on the contribution of mass associated with fermionic quantum fields confined between two large parallel plates, in the context of Lorentz symmetry violation within the Horava–Lifshitz formalism. To calculate the Casimir energy and pressure, we impose a MIT bag boundary condition on the two plates, compatible with the higher-order derivative term in the modified Dirac equation. Our results reveal a strong influence of Lorentz violation on the Casimir effect. We observe that the Casimir energy is significantly affected, both in intensity and sign, potentially resulting in a repulsive or attractive force between the plates, depending on the critical exponent associated with the Horava–Lifshitz formalism.
Abstract 30: Acute Effects Of Sodium Chloride Or Its Substitute Potassium Chloride On Microvascular Function In Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Stock-Schrooer Annika , Streese Lukas , Rammo Randa , Kantauskaite Marta , Rump Lars Christian , Mueller Dominik , Stegbauer Johannes 
Published: October 2024

Dietary high sodium intake is a modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) diseases including vascular dysfunction and subsequently arteriosclerosis. A partial sodium substitution by potassium is associated with a lower risk of CV events and death. Our aim was to investigate the acute impact of sodium and potassium on retinal microvascular function, an established biomarker for systemic CV risk stratification.
Eighteen male and 27 female healthy individuals (mean age 31years) were randomized to eat a salty soup containing either 9g sodium chloride (high salt group), 6g sodium chloride (intermediate salt group) or 6g sodium chloride plus 3g potassium chloride (substitution group). Microvascular measurements were performed before (t0) as well as four (t4) and 24 hours (t24) after soup intake. Microvascular health was measured by investigating retinal vessel diameters. A higher arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio (AVR) is associated with improved vascular health. Microvascular endothelial function was quantified by flickerlight-induced retinal arteriolar dilation.

The 9g (139±2mmol/l vs. 141±2mmol/l, p<0.001) and 6g salt group (140±1mmol/l vs. 141±2 mmol/l, p=0.028) had higher serum sodium concentrations at t4 compared to baseline. Serum sodium concentrations of the substitution group showed no significant difference between time points, but a significant increase in serum potassium (3.7±0.3mmol/l vs. 3.9±0.2mmol/l, p=0.019). Microvascular endothelial function was significantly decreased in the high salt group from baseline to t4 (4.5±2.2% vs. 3.7±2.2%, p=0.041), without significant changes in the other groups. In the sodium groups, there was a strong correlation between the increase in serum sodium concentration from t0 to t4 and an impaired endothelial function after t4 (R
2
=0,255, p=0,005). The substitution group showed improved microvascular health, quantified by higher AVR at t4 compared to t0 (0,83±0,07 vs. 0,86±0,07, p<0,001). An increase in serum sodium was negatively associated with AVR (R
2
=0,14, p=0,013) whereas an increase in serum potassium was positively correlated with AVR (R
2
=0,19, p=0,003).

An acute increase in serum sodium is associated with impaired microvascular endothelial function. Replacement of sodium by potassium seems to improve microvascular function already after a single potassium intake. These results might explain the beneficial effects of potassium on CV outcomes as well as the harmful effects of sodium on vascular function.
Abstract P329: Mycophenolate Mofetil Enhances Short-Term Blood Pressure Variability During Recovery in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive African Americans
Authors: McNeil John , Altvater Michelle 
Published: October 2024

Elevated blood pressure variability (BPV) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), kidney disease, dementia, and stroke. High BPV is thought to be caused by arterial stiffness, vascular remodeling, inflammatory cascades, and neurohormonal mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the potential impact of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on short-term BPV in the context of salt-sensitive hypertension among African Americans (AA). MMF’s anti-inflammatory properties hold promise as a potential intervention for hypertension management by modulating short-term BPV.
AA participants,18-50 years, normotensive, not pregnant, and not on prescription medications were recruited. In this crossover study, 51 participants received either MMF or a placebo daily. Physiological parameters were monitored every 15 minutes during a 3-hour psychosocial stressor assessment with rest, stress, and recovery periods. BPV was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD), and average real variability (ARV).
The treatment group showed a significant decrease in SBP CV (p < 0.05) during stress. During recovery, SBP SD (p, 0.05) and SBP ARV (p < 0.05) significantly increased in individuals receiving MMF treatment. Age-stratified analysis maintained significant effects of MMF on BPV during stress. Gender did not significantly alter the observed effects of MMF on BPV.
Our study highlights the effectiveness of MMF in reducing BPV during acute stress, potentially lowering adverse cardiovascular events. MMF-treated groups showed increased BPV during recovery, indicating a quicker BP recovery to baseline. While a decrease in BPV during the stress period was observed, it was supported only by CV. The significant increase in BPV in the treatment group during recovery indicates MMF's ability to expedite the inflammatory stress response. The observed decrease in BPV during stress suggests a swifter return to baseline BP, potentially offering benefits for non-stress baseline physiology. Further research is warranted to clarify the mechanisms and clinical significance of these findings, impacting hypertension assessment and management.
MMF treatment induces distinct changes in BPV during recovery, suggesting that MMF may positively influence BP regulation through a variety of inflammatory pathways. The alterations in SBP BPV underscore MMF's therapeutic potential for managing BPV and reducing cardiovascular risk in salt-sensitive, hypertensive AAs.
Effects of Armor Design and Marksmanship Posture on Performance, Postural Sway and Perceived Workload During a Military Rifle Marksmanship Task
Authors: Kim Kangwon , Hwang Kitae , Park Woojin 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study investigated the effects of mass and vertical center-of-mass position of combat items attached to a tactical vest, as well as marksmanship posture on rifle marksmanship performance, postural sway, and perceived workload during a simulated rifle shooting task. Background A tactical vest serves as a load carriage system in addition to providing body protection. Its design, particularly the mass and vertical position of attached combat items, may impact postural control during rifle shooting and thus marksmanship performance. Method Thirty-two participants performed a simulated rifle shooting task on a force plate with a tactical vest on. Three independent variables were considered: load mass (4 levels), vertical load center-of-mass position (4 levels), and marksmanship posture (2 levels). The dependent variables were: 6 rifle marksmanship performance measures, 7 postural sway measures, and a perceived workload measure. Results Heavier load mass significantly degraded rifle marksmanship performance, and increased postural sway and perceived workload. Marksmanship posture significantly affected rifle marksmanship performance and postural sway. The kneeling posture resulted in less postural sway and better marksmanship performance than the standing posture. Vertical load center-of-mass position affected only part of the marksmanship performance measures and did not affect the measures of postural sway and perceived workload. Conclusion Reducing combat item mass on tactical vests and enhancing soldier postural control ability would improve rifle marksmanship and soldier lethality. Application The study findings inform the development of future military tactical vests and rifle marksmanship training, highlighting the need for lightweight gear design and postural control training.
Association between haemoglobin decline and long-term outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Esin Fatma , Ince Hüseyin Sefa , Akkan Gökhun , Kocabas Ugur , Kiris Tuncay , Celik Aykan , Karaca Mustafa 
Published: October 2024

Objective To explore the association between in-hospital haemoglobin decline and long-term mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) among ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods This retrospective analysis included adult patients who underwent primary PCI for STEMI. Haemoglobin levels were recorded at admission and 48–72 h later. Patients were divided into two groups based on the extent of haemoglobin decline: low (<3 g/dl or no decline) and high (≥3 g/dl). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at long-term follow-up. The secondary endpoint was MACCE. Results Patients were divided into two groups: low group ( n = 665) and high group ( n = 111). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the high group (72 of 111 patients; 65%) than in the low group (185 of 655 patients; 28%). Propensity score matching confirmed this association, with higher mortality (41 of 79 patients [52%] versus 25 of 79 patients [32%]) and MACCE rates (56 of 79 patients [71%] versus 41 of 79 patients [52%]) in the high group compared with the low group, respectively. Conclusion There was a significant association between in-hospital haemoglobin decline, even without visible bleeding, and increased long-term mortality and MACCE in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.
Prevalence and impact of primary headaches among students aged 8–12 years in Sub-Saharan Africa: Cameroon experience
Authors: Magnerou Annick Mélanie , Doumbe Jacques Narcisse , Paule Rose Delima Tchombe , Massi-Gams Daniel , Chimi-Mbonda Paul Cedric , Bila-Gueumekane Eric Lamou , Eyoum Christian , Sini Victor , Iyawa Hassanatou , Mapoure Yacouba Njankouo , Kuate Tegueu Callixte 
Published: October 2024

Background The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of primary headache among students aged 8–12 years in the city of Douala (Cameroon). Methods From January to May 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 52 primary schools randomly selected from five districts in the city of Douala. The study population consisted of primary school students in level III classes. The diagnosis of primary headache was made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd ed (ICHD-3) criteria and the paediatric version of the HARDSHIP questionnaire was used for recruitment. Results In total, 2056 students participated of whom 55.9% (n = 1149) were female, with a median age of 11 years. The prevalence of headache in the last 12 months was 85.7% (n = 1762), that of migraine was 26.1% (n = 536) and that of tension-type headache (TTH) was 15.1% (n = 311). Regarding the impact of primary headaches, 176 (32.8%) migraineurs reported absenteeism from school compared to 70 (22.5%) students with TTH ( p = 0.03) and 309 (57.6%) migraineurs had a break in their activities compared to 147 (47.3%) students with TTH ( p < 0.01). Conclusions Primary headaches are common among students aged 8–12 years in the city of Douala. They are responsible for a considerable impact on children and their family, particularly for migraineurs.
Radicalisation in adolescents: mental health considerations for violent extremism
Authors: Kasinathan John , Parsons Annie 
Published: October 2024

Objective To outline current understanding and recommended mental health and psychiatric considerations for radicalisation and violent extremism among adolescents. Method Overview of recent research regarding violent extremism in adolescents and relationships with mental illness and other psychosocial determinants. Relevant international and Australasian research is outlined, with an emphasis on adolescents. Psychiatric considerations, intervention and policy implications will be explored. Results Adolescents who become radicalised form a heterogenous group with complex, multifaceted needs from mental disorder, familial, societal and/or environmental contributions. Thus, assessment and management need to be individualised. Mental health clinicians working with at-risk and radicalised adolescents should maintain a high index of suspicion for mental illness (particularly psychosis and depressive disorder) and neurodevelopmental disorder. Identified psychiatric conditions warrant prioritised mental health treatment. There may be a relationship between specific psychopathology and certain ideological beliefs and behaviours. Conclusions Radicalised adolescents pose challenges with risk of serious harm to others, presentation complexity, multifactorial contributors and associations with varied psychopathology. All adolescents at risk of radicalisation or who are radicalised, should receive comprehensive mental health assessment and prompt assertive treatment of identified psychiatric conditions.
Advance Care Planning: A Retrospective Audit in a National Referral Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Trapman Lian , Zwakman Marieke , de Graaf Everlien , Dijksman Lea M. , Grutters Jan C. , Teunissen Saskia C.C.M. 
Published: October 2024

Background Idiopathic and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (IPF/PPF) of known cause are relatively rare lung diseases with a limited survival time after diagnosis. Conscious attention for palliative care is recommended. Optimal care requires collaboration to define goals and preferences for future medical treatment and care with the patient and their families, to inform (or enable) Advance Care Planning (ACP). Objective To get insight into the frequency of key elements of ACP described after dialogues with patients with IPF/PPF. Methods A retrospective audit included charts of patients with IPF/PPF who died between December 2017 and December 2020. A data extraction model was developed based on a guideline for patient federation and wider literature and finally consisted of fourteen key elements. Subsequently content analysis was performed. Results The medical charts of 60 patients showed that an element of ACP was recorded in 57(95%) of cases. No medical chart contained all fourteen key elements of ACP. Most frequently recorded ACP elements were: knowledge of illness, goals of treatment and care and fears and concerns. Conclusion The lack of structural implementation of ACP in the care for patients with interstitial lung disease, results in only some elements of ACP being dialogued by health care professionals (HCP). These notes recorded are often superficial and reflect the view of the HCP. Implementation of ACP conversations and structured documentation is needed to gain better insight into the wishes and preferences of the patient.
Public Perspectives on Multi-Cancer Early Detection: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Crossnohere Norah L. , Campoamor Nicola B. , Negash Rosa , Wood Marie , Studts Jamie L. , Elsaid Mohamed I. , Donneyong Macarius , Paskett Electra D. , Jonas Daniel E. , Stover Daniel G. , Doubeni Chyke A. , Bridges John F. P. 
Published: October 2024

Background Multi-cancer early detection tests (MCEDs) have the potential to identify over 50 types of cancer from a blood sample, possibly transforming cancer screening paradigms. Studies on the safety and effectiveness of MCEDs are underway, but there is a paucity of research exploring public views on MCEDs. We sought to explore public perspectives and understanding on the use of MCEDs in patient care. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, qualitative study using one-on-one, semi-structured interviews. Residents of the United States aged 45–70 years old were recruited through a survey panel and purposively sampled to maximize racial diversity. Interviews explored understanding of MCEDs and perspectives on their use. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis with deductive coding and semi-quantification. Results Among 27 participants, mean age was 62 years (range 48-70) and most (63%) were non-white. Most participants had completed at least one cancer screening (89%). Participants had a positive impression of MCEDs (85%) and found the concept easy to understand (88%). They were enthusiastic about the convenience of MCEDs (30%) and thought they would improve “cancer outcomes” by looking for multiple cancers (70%) and facilitating early detection (33%). Participants emphasized the need to balance these benefits against potential harms, including inaccuracy (96%), cost (92%), test-related anxiety (56%), and lack of evidence of effectiveness (22%). Participants favored that MCEDs be delivered in primary care (93%). Participants worried that the potential benefits of MCEDs might not be equitably distributed (44%). Conclusions Members of the US public in this study expressed an interest in using MCEDs but had concerns regarding cost, accuracy, and potential inequitable access to the tests. Findings suggest that MCEDs that are found to be safe and effective will be acceptable to patients as a part of primary care, and underscore public interest in improving this technology.
Cancer Worry and Fatalism at the Intersection of Race and Hearing Status
Authors: Perrodin-Njoku Emmanuel C. , Rao Sowmya R , Moreland Christopher J , Wang Regina M , Kushalnagar Poorna 
Published: October 2024

Introduction The deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) community experiences lower cancer screening rates than the general population. Cancer worry and fatalism can influence cancer screening, along with race, and the interaction of intrinsic factors with DHH health behavior needs to be investigated. Objectives The study examines the association of the intersection of race and hearing status with cancer worry and fatalism. Methods This study analyzed cross-sectional survey data from NCI HINTS-ASL (for DHH adults) and NCI HINTS (for hearing adults). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess (i) the association of race-hearing status intersection with cancer worry and fatalism, as well as (ii) the relationship between hearing status and outcomes within each race. Results The study found that the overall interaction between race and hearing status was significantly associated with both high cancer worry and fatalism, with African American (AA)/Black and Asian/Other having higher odds of worry [1.17 (0.83, 1.64); 1.19 (0.85, 1.66), respectively] and other groups having lower worry than White hearing ( P < 0.0001), and all deaf having less concern about cancer fatalism ( P < 0.0001). Within each racial group, White DHH respondents had lower odds of cancer worry [aOR (95% CI): 0.72 (0.58, 0.91); P < 0.01] and fatalism [0.55 (0.46, 0.67); P < 0.0001] compared to White hearing respondents, while DHH AA/Black [1.89 (1.06, 3.37); P = 0.03], Asian/Other [2.39 (1.06, 3.37); P = 0.03], and Hispanic [1.95 (1.18, 3.22); P < 0.01] respondents had significantly higher odds of cancer worry and lower odds of cancer fatalism [Black: 0.50 (0.23, 1.09); P = 0.07; Asian/Other: [0.68 (0.42, 1.09); P = 0.10]; Hispanic: [0.69 (0.40, 1.17)]; P = 0.16] compared to their hearing counterparts. Conclusion DHH individuals have different odds of experiencing cancer worry and fatalism compared to their hearing counterparts. Inclusion of individuals with sensory disabilities in a larger cancer study sample enriches the diversity of perspectives, ensuring that the findings reflect a broader range of experiences and needs. More research into contributory factors in the signing DHH population is needed.