bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Physics of Drought in the U.S. Central Great Plains
Authors: Livneh Ben , Hoerling Martin P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe semiarid U.S. Great Plains is prone to severe droughts having major consequences for agricultural production, livestock health, and river navigation. The recent 2012 event was accompanied by record deficits in precipitation and high temperatures during the May–August growing season. Here the physics of Great Plains drought are explored by addressing how meteorological drivers induce soil moisture deficits during the growing season. Land surface model (LSM) simulations driven by daily observed meteorological forcing from 1950 to 2013 compare favorably with satellite-derived terrestrial water anomalies and reproduce key features found in the U.S. Drought Monitor. Results from simulations by two LSMs reveal that precipitation was directly responsible for between 72% and 80% of the soil moisture depletion during 2012, and likewise has accounted for the majority of Great Plains soil moisture variability since 1950. Energy balance considerations indicate that a large fraction of the growing season temperature variability is itself driven by precipitation, pointing toward an even larger net contribution of precipitation to soil moisture variability.To assess robustness across a larger sample of drought events, daily meteorological output from 1050 years of climate simulations, representative of conditions in 1979–2013, are used to drive two LSMs. Growing season droughts, and low soil moisture conditions especially, are confirmed to result principally from rainfall deficits. Antecedent meteorological and soil moisture conditions are shown to affect growing season soil moisture, but their effects are secondary to forcing by contemporaneous rainfall deficits. This understanding of the physics of growing season droughts is used to comment on plausible Great Plains soil moisture changes in a warmer world.
The Role of Religious Support in Reentry
Authors: Stansfield Richard , Mowen Thomas J. , O’Connor Thomas , Boman John H. 
Published: July 2016

Objective: Research on the relationship between religion and criminal recidivism has produced encouraging but ultimately inconclusive findings. This study offers a new direction for studying the role of religious support in reentry, providing a longitudinal analysis of the effect of change in religious support on both crime and noncrime outcomes postrelease. Methods: Employing mixed-effects longitudinal analyses, this study uses data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative to examine the impact of religious support on postrelease substance use, criminal recidivism, and employment. Results: Religious support had strong and robust prosocial effects on both postrelease employment and substance use. The relationship between religious support and recidivism, however, did not reach statistical significance when we added social support to the research model. Conclusion: Religious support and meaning making seems to help people address their criminogenic needs and also seems to be an important responsivity factor that is often overlooked in criminological theory and practice. Religious support must therefore be recognized as an important theoretical and practical variable in current efforts to develop successful reentry pathways.
Autocrine release of angiopoietin-2 mediates cerebrovascular disintegration in Moyamoya disease
Authors: Blecharz Kinga G , Frey Dietmar , Schenkel Tobias , Prinz Vincent , Bedini Gloria , Krug Susanne M , Czabanka Marcus , Wagner Josephin , Fromm Michael , Bersano Anna , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: July 2016

Moyamoya disease is a rare steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disorder often resulting in hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. Although sharing the same ischemic stimulus with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, Moyamoya disease is characterized by a highly instable cerebrovascular system which is prone to rupture due to pathological neovascularization. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this instability, angiopoietin-2 gene expression was analyzed in middle cerebral artery lesions obtained from Moyamoya disease and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease patients. Angiopoietin-2 was significantly up-regulated in Moyamoya vessels, while serum concentrations of soluble angiopoietins were not changed. For further evaluations, cerebral endothelial cells incubated with serum from these patients in vitro were applied. In contrast to atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease serum, Moyamoya disease serum induced an angiopoietin-2 overexpression and secretion, accompanied by loss of endothelial integrity. These effects were absent or inverse in endothelial cells of non-brain origin suggesting brain endothelium specificity. The destabilizing effects on brain endothelial cells to Moyamoya disease serum were partially suppressed by the inhibition of angiopoietin-2. Our findings define brain endothelial cells as the potential source of vessel-destabilizing factors inducing the high plasticity state and disintegration in Moyamoya disease in an autocrine manner. We also provide new insights into Moyamoya disease pathophysiology that may be helpful for preventive treatment strategies in future.
Minimally Invasive and Open Distal Chevron Osteotomy for Mild to Moderate Hallux Valgus
Authors: Brogan Kit , Lindisfarne Edward , Akehurst Harold , Farook Usama , Shrier Will , Palmer Simon 
Published: July 2016

Background: Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques are increasingly being used in foot and ankle surgery but it is important that they are adopted only once they have been shown to be equivalent or superior to open techniques. We believe that the main advantages of MIS are found in the early postoperative period, but in order to adopt it as a technique longer-term studies are required. The aim of this study was to compare the 2-year outcomes of a third-generation MIS distal chevron osteotomy with a comparable traditional open distal chevron osteotomy for mild-moderate hallux valgus. Our null hypothesis was that the 2 techniques would yield equivalent clinical and radiographic results at 2 years. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Eighty-one consecutive feet (49 MIS and 32 open distal chevron osteotomies) were followed up for a minimum 24 months (range 24-58). All patients were clinically assessed using the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire. Radiographic measures included hallux valgus angle, the intermetatarsal angle, hallux interphalangeal angle, metatarsal phalangeal joint angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, tibial sesamoid position, shape of the first metatarsal head, and plantar offset. Statistical analysis was done using Student t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous data and Pearson chi-square test for categorical data. Results: Clinical and radiologic postoperative scores in all domains were substantially improved in both groups ( P < .001), but there was no statistically significant difference in improvement of any domain between open and MIS groups ( P > .05). There were no significant differences in complications between the 2 groups ( > .5). Conclusion: The midterm results of this third-generation technique show that it was a safe procedure with good clinical outcomes and comparable to traditional open techniques for symptomatic mild-moderate hallux valgus. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
A service improvement project to review prescribing information provided by general practitioners for new referrals to a UK National Health Service hospital pain clinic: potential implications of CYP2D6 enzyme inhibition
Authors: Radford Helen , Fitzgerald Pauline , Martin Stephen , Johnson Mark I 
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Chronic pain is often managed using co-prescription of analgesics and adjuvants, with concomitant medication prescribed for comorbidities. Patients may have suboptimal response to some analgesics or be at risk of drug interactions or adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to polypharmacy affecting CYP2D6 enzyme activity. The aim of the service improvement project was to determine the proportion of patients referred to a specialist pain service in the UK National Health Service (NHS) by general practitioners (GPs) who may be at risk of suboptimal analgesic response or ADRs due to CYP2D6 inhibition through polypharmacy. This was achieved by reviewing clinical prescribing information provided by GPs at time of referral. It was hoped that the findings could be used to aid clinical and prescribing decisions without conducting CYP2D6 genotyping or phenotyping. Methods: A review of letters from 250 patients referred to an NHS hospital pain service from GPs over a 3-month period was undertaken. Information about current and concomitant medications was analysed to identify the potential for CYP2D6 inhibition and adverse events. Results: Letters failed to provide information about current pain medication for 20 (8%) patients or non-pain concomitant medication for 54 (21.6%) patients. Of 176 patients, 52 (29.5%) patients with information about non-pain concomitant medication had been prescribed at least one known CYP2D6 inhibitor. A total of 35 (19.9%) patients were identified as being at risk of an adverse drug reaction and 33 (18.75%) patients at risk of suboptimal analgesic response due to co-administration of CYP2D6 inhibitors. Conclusion: The review revealed the need for improved detail in GP referral letters used to transfer care to UK NHS hospital pain clinics. There is a need to consider an individual’s CYP2D6 phenotype when prescribing analgesic prodrugs to manage persistent pain. Caution is needed when patients are co-prescribed codeine or tramadol with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
A convergence data model for medical information related to acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Lee Meeyeon , Park Ye-Seul , Kim Myoung-Hee , Lee Jung-Won 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMedical and health data has become accepted as the highly worthful and useful big data. However, the current medical information systems have aimed for digitalizaing, storing, and transferring clinical materials. Therefore, many experts assert the needs for the intelligent management and utilization of medical information. In this paper, in order to manage medical data which is separately stored in various materials, we attempt to define a convergence data model by analyzing characteristics and semantic relations of medical data. In particular, since essential clinical materials and medical data for the diagnoses and treatments depend on the kind of diseases, the proposed data model is applied to a target disease, AMI (acute myocardial infarction). Our model can contribute to the effective management and provision of medical data.
Bendamustine in Combination With Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine Is an Effective Regimen As Induction Chemotherapy Before Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Results of a Multicenter Phase II Study
Authors: Santoro Armando , Mazza Rita , Pulsoni Alessandro , Re Alessandro , Bonfichi Maurizio , Zilioli Vittorio Ruggero , Salvi Flavia , Merli Francesco , Anastasia Antonella , Luminari Stefano , Annechini Giorgia , Gotti Manuel , Peli Annalisa , Liberati Anna Marina , Di Renzo Nicola , Castagna Luca , Giordano Laura , Carlo-Stella Carmelo 
Published: July 2016

Purpose This multicenter, open-label, phase II study evaluated the combination of bendamustine, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine (BeGEV) as induction therapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Patients and Methods Patients with HL who were refractory to or had relapsed after one previous chemotherapy line were eligible. The primary end point was complete response (CR) rate after four cycles of therapy. Secondary end points were: overall response rate, stem-cell mobilization activity, and toxicity. Progression-free and overall survival were also evaluated. Results In total, 59 patients were enrolled. After four cycles of therapy, 43 patients (73%) achieved CR, and six (10%) achieved partial response, for an overall response rate of 83%. The most common grade 3 to 4 nonhematologic toxicities included febrile neutropenia (n = 7) and infection (n = 4). Regarding hematologic toxicities, grade 3 to 4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were each experienced by eight patients (13.5%). CD34+ cells were successfully harvested in 55 of 57 evaluable patients, and 43 of 49 responding patients underwent ASCT. With a median follow-up of 29 months, the 2-year progression-free and overall survival rates for the total population were 62.2% and 77.6%, respectively. The same figures for patients undergoing autograft were 80.8% and 89.3%, respectively. Conclusion This phase II study demonstrates that BeGEV is an effective salvage regimen able to induce CR in a high proportion of patients with relapsed or refractory HL before ASCT. These data provide a strong rationale for further development of the BeGEV regimen.
Telomeres in aging and disease: lessons from zebrafish
Authors: Carneiro Madalena C. , de Castro Inês Pimenta , Ferreira Miguel Godinho 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Age is the highest risk factor for some of the most prevalent human diseases, including cancer. Telomere shortening is thought to play a central role in the aging process in humans. The link between telomeres and aging is highlighted by the fact that genetic diseases causing telomerase deficiency are associated with premature aging and increased risk of cancer. For the last two decades, this link has been mostly investigated using mice that have long telomeres. However, zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful and complementary model system to study telomere biology. Zebrafish possess human-like short telomeres that progressively decline with age, reaching lengths in old age that are observed when telomerase is mutated. The extensive characterization of its well-conserved molecular and cellular physiology makes this vertebrate an excellent model to unravel the underlying relationship between telomere shortening, tissue regeneration, aging and disease. In this Review, we explore the advantages of using zebrafish in telomere research and discuss the primary discoveries made in this model that have contributed to expanding our knowledge of how telomere attrition contributes to cellular senescence, organ dysfunction and disease.
Professor Robert McNeill Alexander CBE FRS (1934–2016)
Authors: Ker Robert F. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Robert McNeill Alexander, known to friends and colleagues as ‘Neill’, was a zoologist with an engineer's eye for how animals work. He used mathematical models to show how evolution has produced optimal designs. His skill was to choose appropriate models: realistic enough to contain the essence of a problem and yet simple enough to be tractable. He wrote fluently and easily: 23 books, 280 papers and a CD-ROM entitled How Animals Move.
Preparation of a Cyclic Polyphenylene Array for a Chiral-Type Carbon Nanotube Segment
Authors: Sekiguchi Ryuta , Kudo Shun , Kawakami Jun , Sakai Atsushi , Ikeda Hiroshi , Nakamura Hiromu , Ohta Kazuchika , Ito Shunji 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Diels–Alder reaction of cyclic biphenylylene–acetylene compound 3 with tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (5) realized the preparation of large-sized cyclic polyphenylene array 4. This is the first example of a cyclic polyphenylene array with a complete ring arrangement of a chiral-type CNT segment with (12,3)-structure. Transformation of 4 to the chiral-type CNT segment was attempted, but resulted in the formation of a complicated mixture probably due to the partial dehydrogenation and/or the partial elimination about the long alkyl chains. Rather efficient blue emission of the cyclic compounds 3 and 4 was discussed utilizing fluorescence quantum efficiencies and lifetimes both in their solid state and in their solution. By thermal analyses triple-melting behavior of 3 was clarified.
Models of Knot Characteristics in Young Coastal US Douglas-Fir: Are the Effects of Tree and Site Data Visibly Rendered in the Annual Ring Width Pattern at Breast Height?
Authors: Høibø Olav , Turnblom Eric C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The large variation in knot characteristics within and between trees and stands makes proper interpretation of wood properties in the different steps along the forest–to–forest product conversion chain difficult and makes production and use of wood a challenge. Finding good methods and models to interpret the knot characteristics along the different steps of this chain is therefore important. In all, 28 young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees were sampled from four stands with different site indices and tree densities. This gave working material consisting of 189 whorls of knots total. Models predicting knot diameter and sound knot length were developed. Important variables reducing the residual variance were mean annual ring width at breast height, mean annual ring width for different annual ring intervals at breast height, site index, and number of trees per hectare. The study shows that models estimating knot diameter and sound knot length with mean annual ring width for certain annual ring intervals (intervals 6 to 10 and 11 to 15) reduced the residual variance somewhat more than variables describing site index and tree density, respectively.
De la reflexión a la acción. Relato de la experiencia RoadsMOOC, como viaje educomunicativo de transformación personal y social
Authors: San Millán Nuria , C. Mazzucchelli Patricia 
Published: July 2016

Con la intención de experimentar con nuevas formas de aprendizaje a través de la Educomunicación y de los MOOCs sociales o sMOOC, creamos una experiencia de aprendizaje colaborativo y de empoderamiento individual y social, a través de nuestra propuesta “Road sMOOC: Un viaje Eduktransformador”, llevado a cabo en la Plataforma ECOLearning. En este ensayo reflexionamos sobre los autores que nos inspiraron, sobre lo que entendemos por Educomunicación transformadora y las posibilidades que ofrecen los sMOOC. Finalmente resumimos los objetivos, recursos creados, aprendizajes compartidos y conclusiones que surgen al co-crear una identidad colectiva y un espíritu de trabajo en comunidad como “Eduktransformers”.
O Desenvolvimento de Competências e o Serviço Público: Um Estudo de Caso sobre Motivação com Funcionários da Prefeitura Municipal de Afrânio - PE
Authors: Macedo Daniele De Sousa , Cassundé Fernanda Roda de Souza Araújo 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma analise dos fatores que influenciam a motivação no trabalho dos servidores públicos ativos na prefeitura municipal de Afrânio-PE, buscando-se apreender de que forma um modelo de gestão voltado para o desenvolvimento de competências poderá contribuir para a satisfação no ambiente de trabalho, nesse sentido, o objetivo do artigo é apresentar o quanto a aplicação do modelo de gestão por competências pode auxiliar na motivação dos servidores públicos. O desenvolvimento do presente trabalho foi realizado através de estudo de campo, sendo aplicado um questionário com os funcionários das secretarias de educação, saúde, agricultura, assistência social e funcionários ligados diretamente a prefeitura.O artigo apresenta um diagnóstico sobre como o modelo por gestão de competências pode ser adaptado ao setor público, ao mesmo tempo em que aponta as dificuldades associadas à aplicação desses conceitos na gestão de organizações públicas. Os resultados sugerem que os principais fatores desmotivadores apontados na pesquisa estão em consonância com o que discutem Klein e Mascarenhas (2014), assim, parece ser incontestável a importância da implantação do modelo de competências nas organizações públicas como ferramenta que auxilie a motivar os funcionários como também o estudo sobre esta área da administração, dada a ausência de pesquisas conforme apontado por Takahashi et al (2015).
A CONDUTA DO TRATAMENTO MEDICAMENTOSO POR CUIDADORES DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA PARA IDOSOS
Authors: Lula Barros Débora Santos , Itacaramby Débora Oliveira , Mendonça-Silva Dayde Lane , Leite Silvana Nair 
Published: July 2016

O medicamento constitui uma importante tecnologia em saúde no cuidado gerontológico. Dentro desse contexto, o objetivo desse estudo é analisar e discutir a conduta do tratamento medicamentoso sob a ótica dos cuidadores de idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência situada no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Segundo os dados obtidos por meio da realização de uma pesquisa qualitativa que adotou a técnica de entrevista com as oito cuidadoras da Instituição, a complexidade da farmacoterapia, a sobrecarga de trabalho, a não aceitação de uso dos medicamentos pelos idosos e a falta de conhecimentos pelos cuidadores são fatores que prejudicam a racionalidade e operacionalidade dos esquemas terapêuticos. Os cuidadores, juntamente com a equipe de saúde da Instituição, desenvolveram estratégias de enfrentamento para não haver esquecimento na administração das doses dos medicamentos, assim como haja o provimento e acesso regular às essas tecnologias pelos utentes. Embora a discussão do tema assistência farmacêutica nessas instituições seja escassa na literatura, em virtude do envelhecimento populacional e ampliação da prestação desses tipos de serviços, é notável a necessidade de manutenção desse tema na agenda de pesquisa e produção técnico-científica.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS ERROS DE DILUIÇÃO DE MEDICAMENTOS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO INTRAVENOSA EM AMBIENTE HOSPITALAR PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM GUIA DE DILUIÇÃO E ADMINISTRAÇÃO DOS MESMOS
Authors: Marini Danyelle Cristine , Pinheiro Juliana Talita , Rocha Claudia Solano 
Published: July 2016

Os eventos adversos em medicamentos são quaisquer danos causados ao paciente, que podem levar a importantes agravos à saúde, com relevantes repercussões econômicas e sociais, sendo considerado um problema de saúde pública. No âmbito hospitalar, erros de administração de medicamentos são atribuídos à equipe de enfermagem, devido à sua atuação direta com o paciente. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar a frequência de erros ocorridos no processo de diluição de medicamentos intravenosos, a fim de propor estratégias que colaborassem para a sua minimização. A coleta de dados ocorreu em outubro de 2014, e se caracterizou como pesquisa descritiva transversal, de natureza observacional. Durante este período, foi observado o trabalho de 18 técnicos de enfermagem, atuantes em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), envolvidos no processo de preparo e administração de medicamentos intravenosos. 180 doses foram observadas, das quais 125 (69,5%) apresentaram pelo menos um erro de diluição; em 90 doses (72%), ocorreu mais de um erro por dose, e não foi detectada nenhuma forma de registro nem avaliação e/ou monitoramento dos erros de medicação. Constatou-se que os profissionais envolvidos com os erros de medicação não souberam identificá-los, e este tipo de evento pode vir a comprometer a eficácia terapêutica do medicamento em questão. Também foram identificados os medicamentos mais prevalentes envolvidos nos erros de diluição, para os quais se estipulou o(s) diluente(s) mais adequado(s) conforme literatura consultada. Este resultado foi transformado em material didático-instrucional, em forma de fichário, para consulta rápida.