bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheriting Dispossession, Mobilizing Vulnerability: Heritage amid Protest in Contemporary Turkey
Authors: Çayli Eray 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article discusses recent Occupy-style protests that took place at sites of heritage quality in Turkey. It looks into the material and discursive ways in which the protests have negotiated possession, dispossession and belonging across time. Cultural heritage is more often than not understood as a ‘thing’ belonging to a particular proprietor (regardless of heritage’s intangibility or the proprietor’s collectivity or anonymity). It is regulated as such not just on the level of nation states but also globally. The examples discussed in this article, however, have seen much of this association thrown into disarray by shifting focus, instead, to vulnerability and dispossession. This shift of focus invokes the following two forces: (1) the violent pasts and their role in the production of ‘cultural heritage’ as such, and (2) the risk of earthquake and its prompting of negotiations over the use, ownership and physical layout of heritage-quality sites. What sorts of political agency might heritage enable when it is experienced and conceptualized through vulnerability and dispossession? What might such experience and conceptualization mean for the temporalities and human–nonhuman hierarchy associated with conventional understandings of belonging in and through heritage? The article explores these questions through two cases: Gezi Park and its environs in Istanbul, and the Tigris Valley (including Hewsel Gardens and Mount Kırklar) in Diyarbakır.
Book Reviews
Authors: Shorto Sylvia , Pancaroğlu Oya , McClary Richard Piran , Gardner Andrew 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
WORLD HERITAGE, URBAN DESIGN AND TOURISM: THREE CITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST, LUNA KHIRFAN (2014) Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 196 pp., 58 b&w illus., ISBN 9781409424079, $104.95 (hardback)
THE POLITICS AND PRACTICES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE MIDDLE EAST: POSITIONING THE MATERIAL PAST IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETIES, RAMI DAHER AND IRENE MAFFI (2014) London: I.B. Tauris, 320 pp., ISBN 9781848855359, $99.00 (hardback)
RAYY: FROM ITS ORIGINS TO THE MONGOL INVASIONS: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL STUDY, ROCCO RANTE (2015) Leiden and Boston: Brill. xiv + 165 pp., 107 illus., ISBN 9789004279292, $149.00 (hardback)
LEGENDS OF AUTHORITY: THE 1215 SELJUK INSCRIPTIONS OF SINOP CITADEL, TURKEY, SCOTT REDFORD (2014) Istanbul: Koç University Press, 288 pp., 112 figures, ISBN 9786055250300, $32.50 (paperback)
DEMYSTIFYING DOHA: ON ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM IN AN EMERGING CITY, ASHRAF SALAMA AND FLORIAN WIEDMANN (2013) Farnham, Surrey: Publishing Limited, 260 pp., 122 illus., 13 tables, ISBN 9781409466345, $119.95 (hardback)
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Avrami Erica , Sandouby Aliaa El , Kurd Nadia 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
‘CITIES OF THE DEAD: THE ANCESTRAL CEMETERIES OF KYRGYZSTAN’, ARTHUR A. HOUGHTON GALLERY, THE COOPER UNION, NEW YORK, JANUARY 27–FEBRUARY 28, 2015
‘ISLAMIC ART NOW: CONTEMPORARY ART OF THE MIDDLE EAST’, THE LOS ANGELES COUNTY MUSEUM OF ART, LOS ANGELES, FEBRUARY 1, 2015–JANUARY 3, 2016
‘VISION OF MUGHAL INDIA: THE COLLECTION OF HOWARD HODKIN’ AND ‘INSPIRED BY INDIA: PAINTING BY HOWARD HODGKIN’, AGA KHAN MUSEUM, TORONTO, CANADA, FEBRUARY 21–JUNE 21, 2015
Laser borided composite layer produced on austenitic 316L steel
Authors: Mikołajczak Daria , Kulka Michał , Makuch Natalia 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Abstract Austenitic 316L steel is well-known for its good resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Therefore, this material is often used wherever corrosive media or high temperatures are to be expected. The main drawback of this material is very low hardness and low resistance to mechanical wear. In this study, the laser boriding was used in order to improve the wear behavior of this material. As a consequence, a composite surface layer was produced. The microstructure of laser-borided steel was characterized by only two zones: re-melted zone and base material. In the re-melted zone, a composite microstructure, consisting of hard ceramic phases (borides) and a soft austenitic matrix, was observed. A significant increase in hardness and wear resistance of such a layer was obtained.
Delinquency Reinforcement and Balance: Is Exposure to Delinquent Peers Always Risky?
Authors: James Charles Joni S. , Chih Yao-Yu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study investigates whether exposure to delinquent peers increases the risk of committing delinquent acts. To incorporate a balance argument in a conventional setting, we develop an adjusted exposure level to study an individual’s delinquency choice. We show this choice is affected by not only how many delinquent peers an individual directly and indirectly connects with, but also who those peers are. Specifically, exposure to delinquent peers is not universally risky, and could even be protective if the average exposure level of the individual’s delinquent peers is significantly less than her own exposure level. In addition, we show that individuals with high exposure levels are more sensitive to structural changes in the delinquent network. Therefore, a policy aiming to isolate key players in the network could be more cost-effective than strengthening the law-enforcement system.
Home hours in the United States and Europe
Authors: Fang Lei , McDaniel Cara 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Using data from the Multinational Time Use Study, this paper documents the trend and level of time allocation, with a focus on home hours, for the US and European countries. Three patterns emerge. First, home hours per person have declined in both the US and European countries over the past 50 years. Second, female time allocation contributes more to the difference in time allocation per person between the US and European countries than does male time allocation. Third, the time allocation between the US and European countries is more similar for prime-age individuals than for young and old individuals.
Association between apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and premature coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Qiong Rui , Lei Yu Ying , Li Juan , Jiang Nan , Shi Jing Pu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background:
Although several studies have explored the genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and their impact on premature coronary artery disease (PCAD), there is still some controversy regarding the significance of their association. Our aim is to estimate the association between APOE polymorphisms and PCAD via meta-analysis.

Methods:
All relevant case-control studies and cohort studies published in Chinese or English prior to March 2016 were searched for in electronic databases. Detailed information concerning each piece of literature was independently extracted by two researchers. We used STATA11.0 to process all data and to determine the pooled odds ratio (OR). Altogether, four genetic models were applied to calculate OR and 95% confidence interval (CI): (1) ε2 allele vs. ε3 allele; (2) ε2 carriers vs. ε3/3; (3) ε4 allele vs. ε3 allele; (4) ε4 carriers vs. ε3/3.

Results:
Eighteen studies concerning APOE polymorphisms and their impact on PCAD were included in the final analysis. The pooled analysis displayed that the ε2 allele and ε2 carriers increased the risk of PCAD significantly among Asians (OR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.17; OR 1.65; 1.10–2.47), while they showed protective effects on PCAD in Caucasians (OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62–0.95; OR 0.69; 0.54–0.89). Subjects with the ε4 allele and ε4 carriers showed significant associations with PCAD (OR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.27–2.06; OR 1.65; 1.27–2.15).

Conclusions:
Our investigation supported the fact that the ε2 allele in APOE may appear as a risk factor for PCAD in Asians while a protective factor in Caucasians and that the ε4 allele acted as a genetic risk factor for PCAD.
Cardiac troponins and mortality in type 1 and 2 myocardial infarction
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Sanchis-Gomar Fabian , Cervellin Gianfranco 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background:
The pathogenesis of different types of myocardial infarction (MI) differs widely, so that accurate and timely differential diagnosis is essential for tailoring treatments according to the underlying causal mechanisms. As the measurement of cardiac troponins is a mainstay for diagnosis and management of MI, we performed a systematic literature analysis of published works which concomitantly measured cardiac troponins in type 1 and 2 MI.

Methods:
The electronic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus and Web of Science using the keywords “myocardial infarction” AND “type(-)2” OR “type II” AND “troponin” in “Title/Abstract/Keywords”, with no language restriction and date limited from 2007 to the present.

Results:
Overall, 103 documents were identified, but 95 were excluded as precise comparison of troponin values in patients with type 1 and 2 MI was unavailable. Therefore, eight studies were finally selected for our analysis. Two studies used high-sensitivity (HS) immunoassays for measuring cardiac troponin T (HS-TnT), one used a HS immunoassay for measuring cardiac troponin I (HS-TnI), whereas the remaining used conventional methods for measuring TnI. In all studies, regardless of type and assay sensitivity, troponin values were higher in type 1 than in type 2 MI. The weighted percentage difference between type 1 and 2 MI was 32% for TnT and 91% for TnI, respectively. Post-discharge mortality obtained from pooling individual data was instead three times higher in type 2 than in type 1 MI.

Conclusions:
The results of our analysis suggest that the value of cardiac troponins is consistently higher in type 1 than in type 2 MI.
An integrated proteomic and peptidomic assessment of the normal human urinome
Authors: Di Meo Ashley , Batruch Ihor , Yousef Arsani G. , Pasic Maria D. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Yousef George M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background:
Urine represents an ideal source of clinically relevant biomarkers as it contains a large number of proteins and low molecular weight peptides. The comprehensive characterization of the normal urinary proteome and peptidome can serve as a reference for future biomarker discovery. Proteomic and peptidomic analysis of urine can also provide insight into normal physiology and disease pathology, especially for urogenital diseases.

Methods:
We developed an integrated proteomic and peptidomic analytical protocol in normal urine. We employed ultrafiltration to separate protein and peptide fractions, which were analyzed separately using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on the Q-Exactive mass spectrometer.

Results:
By analyzing six urines from healthy individuals with advanced age, we identified 1754 proteins by proteomic analysis and 4543 endogenous peptides, arising from 566 proteins by peptidomic analysis. Overall, we identified 2091 non-redundant proteins by this integrated approach. In silico protease activity analysis indicated that metalloproteases are predominantly involved in the generation of the endogenous peptide signature. In addition, a number of proteins that were detected in normal urine have previously been implicated in various urological malignancies, including bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Conclusions:
We utilized a highly sensitive proteomics approach that enabled us to identify one of the largest sets of protein identifications documented in normal human urine. The raw proteomics and peptidomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD003595.
A simple colorimetric assay for measuring fructosamine 3 kinase activity
Authors: Cikomola Justin C. , Kishabongo Antoine S. , Vandepoele Karl , Mulder Marieke De , Katchunga Philippe B. , Laukens Bram , Schie Loes Van , Grootaert Hendrik , Callewaert Nico , Speeckaert Marijn M. , Delanghe Joris R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background:
Fructosamine 3 kinase (FN3K) is a deglycating enzyme, which may play a key role in reducing diabetes-induced organ damage by removing bound glucose from glycated proteins. We wanted to develop a simple colorimetric method for assaying FN3K activity in human body fluids.

Methods:
Glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) was obtained by glycation with a 10% glucose solution at 37 °C. After 72 h, glycated BSA was dialyzed against phosphate buffered saline (0.1 mol/L, pH 7.4). The dialyzed solution (containing ±1000 µmol/L fructosamine) was used as an FN3K substrate. In the assay, 300 µL of substrate was incubated with 50 µL of serum and 100 µL of MgCl2 (0.7 mmol/L)/ATP (3.2 mmol/L). The fructosamine concentration was determined at the start and after incubation (120 min, 25 °C). The decrease in fructosamine concentration over time is a measure for the FN3K activity (1 U corresponding to 1 µmol/min). Concomitantly, the FN3K SNP rs1056534 and the ferroportin SNP rs1156350 were genotyped.

Results:
Within-assay CV was 6.0%. Reference values for FN3K activity in serum were 14.2±1.6 U/L (n=143). Reference values for FN3K were neither age- nor sex-dependent. The various FN3K SNP rs1056534 genotypes showed no significant differences in serum FN3K activity. In diabetics (n=191), values (14.0±2.2 U/L) were comparable to those of the controls. FN3K activity in erythrocytes was significantly higher (170.3±7.6 U/L). The intra-erythrocytic FN3K activity makes the results prone to hemolysis. FN3K activity depended on the ferroportin Q248H genotypes, with the highest value for the wild type genotype. Neither transferrin saturation nor ferritin were confounders for the FN3K activity. FN3K activity was significantly (p<0.0001) correlated with HbA1c values, although the correlation between FN3K and HbA1c was weak.

Conclusions:
The simple colorimetric method allows determining FN3K activity in human serum. The assay may be useful for studying the impact of deglycation processes in diabetes mellitus.
Carrots and Sticks as Incentive Mechanisms for the Optimal Initiation of Insolvency Proceedings
Authors: Cepec Jaka , Kovac Mitja 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The pursuit of ex-ante efficiency in bankruptcy law has been widely discussed in recent law and economics literature. However, the exact incentive mechanisms inducing the optimal commencement of bankruptcy proceedings have generally been exempted from the current scholarly debate. Using the law and economics tools and comparative analysis, this paper seeks to identify insolvency-specific optimal incentive mechanisms, while using the general theory on carrots and sticks in legal regulations. The paper suggests the employment of mixed-sticks-and-carrots incentive mechanisms for managers’ prompt proposals of insolvency proceedings as an optimal regulatory response. Moreover, the article provides comparative evidence that exclusive use of sticks or carrots in French, German, US, English, and Slovenian legal systems results in sub-optimal initiation of insolvency proceedings and may also induce adverse effects on prompt initiation.
Social Risk Management as a Strategy in the Fight Against Poverty and Social Exclusion
Authors: Vykopalová Hana 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Questions surrounding the fight against poverty and social exclusion have become a global priority. Poverty and its causes are perceived as differences in the economic and social development of each individual continent and country. Social risk management was developed by the World Bank as a specific conceptual framework of social protection strategy and includes prevention, mitigation and the management of social risks. The diverging causes of poverty across the European continent assume a different approach in identifying causes and social risk management. An important aspect of the EU’s social policy is to combat unemployment and social exclusion with the support of the European fund to help the extreme poor and other EU funds, e.g. EQUAL. The appropriate implementation of social risk management in each country is a prerequisite for reducing extreme poverty. Social risk management as a global strategy to combat poverty and extreme poverty is a challenge in the field of education which offers a new range of views and is generating more complex professional competencies in education and new possibilities for university graduates in the labor market.
Superficiary Right of Building: Origin and Development in Central Europe
Authors: Petr Pavel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The Czech Republic has been dealing for the last four years with a legal revolution in the field of private law. A new Civil Code was adopted in 2012 and many new and forgotten legal figures were restored in the text of the code. An interesting example of forgotten legal figures is the superficiary right of building, which has again entered the legal order of the Czech Republic after a long one hundred years. Unlike the Act on the Superficiary Right of Building of 1912, the new Civil Code extends the scope of persons that may create the superficiary right of building to their land. This should eliminate the obstacle that has substantially limited its wider use. The superficiary right of building is not likely to become a legal concept very frequently seen in public registers. The aim of this paper is, therefore, a reflection on divided ownership and the purpose and genesis of the superficiary right of building in relation to its origins, as well as a prediction of future developments of this legal concept in the real estate market. To analyse the concept, the paper employs formal and legal methods (logical, grammatical and historical method). A comparative study is conducted in the spirit of the comparative method. The superficiary right of building is a suitable complement to the range of options of property rights offered by the new Civil Code. The author concludes that the use of the superficiary right of building, although not limited in comparison with the 1912 Act, will likely be less frequent and focused on longer-term projects.
The concept of well integrity in gas production activities
Authors: Reichetseder Peter 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Shale gas production in the US, predominantly from the Marcellus shale, has been accused of methane emissions and contaminating drinking water under the suspicion that this is caused by hydraulic fracturing in combination with leaking wells. Misunderstandings of the risks of shale gas production are widespread and are causing communication problems. This paper discusses recent preliminary results from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) draft study, which is revealing fact-based issues: EPA did not find evidence that these mechanisms have led to widespread, systemic impacts on drinking water resources in the United States, which contrasts many broad-brushed statements in media and public. The complex geological situation and extraction history of oil, gas and water in the Marcellus area in Pennsylvania is a good case for learnings and demonstrating the need for proper analysis and taking the right actions to avoid problems. State-of-the-art technology and regulations of proper well integrity are available, and their application will provide a sound basis for shale gas extraction.
Microbial removal of selected volatile organic compounds from the model landfill gas
Authors: Zdeb Magdalena , Lebiocka Magdalena 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Landfills of municipal waste are an important source of BTEXs in the atmosphere. Biodegrability of these compounds implies that biological methods, such as oxidation in landfill covers, may be an effective way to mitigate emission of these gases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of BTEXs removal from landfill gas by biofiltration method and to analyze the influence of methane on BTEXs oxidation rate. The experiments were carried out at laboratory scale continuous flow system (microcosms) and in batch tests. A mixture of municipal waste compost and expanded clay pellets (1:1 of volume) was used as a filter bed material. The model landfill gas (50% vol. of CH4 and 50% vol. of CO2) purged through the microcosms was enriched with toluene (series 1) and all the BTEXs (series 2). The results of 7-month continuous flow experiment showed that removal efficiency of BTEXs in experimental columns ranged from 91 to 100% when the individual trace gases loading rates in model gas were in the range of 0.1-0.2 g m−2d−1. The rate of toluene removal, which followed the first order kinetics, depended on the presence of methane in treated gas. About 2-fold higher values of rate constant and 2.5-fold higher values of initial toluene removal rates were observed when no methane was present in the headspaces inside the vials used in the batch tests.
Application of algae in active biomonitoring of the selected holding reservoirs in swietokrzyskie province
Authors: Rajfur Małgorzata , Krems Paweł , Kłos Andrzej , Kozłowski Rafał , Jóźwiak Małgorzata A. , Kříž Jan , Wacławek Maria 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
During the years 2014-2015, biomonitoring studies were carried out at three holding reservoirs located in Swietokrzyskie Province (central Poland): Kielce artificial lake, Chancza reservoir and Sielpia reservoir. In sea water algae Palmaria palmata (Linnaeus) Weber & Mohr, exposed in the analysed waters, the increases of concentrations were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS), of the following: Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. Conductivity and pH were also determined in the reservoirs waters. The differences between the increases of heavy metal concentrations in the samples of algae found along the coastline were indicated; they result from different distances from the pollution sources, such as resorts, communication routes and industrial plants.
Effect of selected additions on de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dioxins and furans
Authors: Wielgosiński Grzegorz , Namiecińska Olga , Łechtańska Patrycja , Grochowalski Adam 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans are generally considered the most dangerous chemical substances known to man. Although they have never been the product of purposeful human activity, yet they are formed in many chemical and virtually all thermal processes. Research on the occurrence of dioxins in the environment, their release into the environment, ways of formation and methods of reducing their emissions lasts since the late seventies of the last century. Currently, we know three basic pathways of dioxins formation in thermal processes, the most important of them being the so called de novo synthesis which occurs outside the combustion zone at 200-400°C in the presence of catalysts (eg copper) and oxygen from the products of incomplete combustion including carbon black and chlorine or chlorinated compounds. It is well known that some metals like copper catalyze the de novo synthesis, while others decompose dioxins and furans formed previously. The formation of dioxins resulting from the de novo synthesis was studied through analysis of the effect of the type of metal on the course of the de novo synthesis. The influence of the addition of sulfur, nitrogen and alkali metals on this synthesis was also examined because some reports in the literature refer to inhibitory effect of these elements.