bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Man Who Would Be President”
Authors: Alcántara Jared E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the National Baptist Convention elections of 1947 and 1953, years when Joseph H. Jackson ran for higher office. In 1947, he ran against Rev. Ezel Willie (E. W.) Perry (1882–1969) for vice president at large. The vice president at large functioned as second in command to the president and served as the constitutional successor in the event of the president’s death or incapacitation. That year Jackson lost to Perry in a controversial and contested election. In 1953, he ran against Perry again, this time for the presidency. On that occasion, he won the election and ascended to the presidency. Overnight he became more powerful than he could have imagined when he was serving as a circuit-riding preacher in the Mississippi Delta. At one and the same time, he pastored the largest church in North America and led one of the largest Black religious organizations in the world.
Cracks in the Foundations
Authors: Alcántara Jared E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the fissures and fractures that formed in the National Baptist Convention during the first seven years of the Joseph H. Jackson presidency. In the campaign of 1953, Jackson ran on a platform of term limits, a structure of four consecutive one-year terms. Three years later, in 1956, he proposed changes to the constitution that would allow for lifetime tenure. Then, in 1957, he and his supporters abolished term limits. Black leaders such as Gardner C. Taylor, Marshall Shepard, Martin Luther King Jr., and others opposed his presidency. By the close of the decade, the fissures and fractures of the 1950s had opened so wide that it seemed the NBC was destined for schism.
“Don’t Be Angry, Let Me Stay”
Authors: Alcántara Jared E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the National Baptist Convention annual meeting of 1961, a meeting in which a riot broke out; one minister, a senior citizen, died falling from the platform; and the NBC went through a major schism leading to the establishment of the Progressive National Baptist Convention. Many younger generation ministers saw Joseph H. Jackson as the establishment candidate who needed to step aside so that leaders like Gardner C. Taylor and Martin Luther King Jr. could emerge. When they and others tried to unseat Jackson, not only did they lose the battle; they also lost their influence in the NBC. They believed Jackson was a dictatorial autocrat who retaliated against anyone who challenged him. He believed they were betrayers who wanted to bring about schism. The discord revealed itself with surprising force at the prior annual meeting in September 1960. In 1961, it went from bad to worse.
Preparing to Teach
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Hourigan Ryan M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There are varying degrees of undergraduate and graduate preparation for teaching students with differences and disabilities. Music educators may have had a general special education class or the opportunity to study topics regarding students with differences and disabilities embedded within a music methods course. The topic of students with differences and disabilities may have been included in an educational psychology course or a course about teaching music to students with differences and disabilities that was part of the curriculum. This chapter is designed as a guide to develop practicum opportunities for preservice music educators. Included in this chapter will be strategies for engagement in self-contained classrooms, resource rooms, inclusive settings, and summer enrichment programs.
Associations Between the Superwoman Schema, Stress, and Cardiovascular Health Among African-American Women
Authors: Kyalwazi Ashley N , Woods-Giscombe Cheryl L , Johnson Matthew P , Jones Clarence , Hayes Sharonne N , Cooper Lisa A , Patten Christi A , Brewer LaPrincess C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
African-American (AA) women are less likely to achieve ideal cardiovascular (CV) health compared with women of other racial/ethnic subgroups, primarily due to structural and psychosocial barriers. A potential psychosocial construct relevant to ideal CV health is the superwoman schema (SWS).

Purpose
We explored whether the SWS was associated with perceived stress, CV risk factors, and overall CV health among AA women.

Methods
This cross-sectional analysis of the FAITH! Heart Health+ Study was conducted among AA women with high cardiometabolic risk. Pearson correlation evaluated associations between SWS and CV risk factors (e.g., stress, hypertension, diabetes, etc.). The 35-item SWS questionnaire includes five domains. Stress was measured by the 8-item Global Perceived Stress Scale (GPSS). CV health was assessed using the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) rubric of health behaviors/biometrics. Data acquisition spanned from February to August 2022.

Results
The 38 women included in the analysis (mean age 54.3 [SD 11.5] years) had a high CV risk factor burden (71.1% hypertension, 76.3% overweight/obesity, 28.9% diabetes, 39.5% hyperlipidemia). Mean GPSS level was 7.7 (SD 5.2), CV health score 6.7 (SD 1.8), and SWS score 60.3 (SD 18.0). Feeling an “obligation to help others” and “obligation to present an image of strength” had strongest correlations with GPSS score among all SWS domains (r = 0.51; p = .002 and r = 0.39; p = .02, respectively). Correlation among the SWS domains and traditional CV risk factors was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that an obligation to help others and to project an image of strength could be contributing to stress among AA women.
Mediating effects of inequitable gender norms on intimate partner violence and contraceptive use in a cluster randomized control trial in Niger
Authors: Boyce Sabrina C , Minnis Alexandra M , Deardorff Julianna , McCoy Sandra I , Goin Dana E , Challa Sneha , Johns Nicole E , Aliou Sani , Brooks Mohamad I , Nouhou Abdoul-Moumouni , Baker Holly , Silverman Jay G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that the Reaching Married Adolescents intervention (RMA) was associated with changes in inequitable gender norms, intimate partner violence (IPV), and modern contraceptive use. This study seeks to understand if changes in inequitable gender norms mediate the RMA intervention’s effects on contraceptive use and intimate partner violence (IPV). A 4-arm cluster randomized control trial was conducted to evaluate effects of the RMA intervention (household visits, small groups, combination, control) on married adolescent girls and their husbands in Dosso, Niger (baseline: 1042 dyads; 24 months follow-up: 737 dyads; 2016-2019). Mediation was assessed using inverse odds ratio weighting. In the small group intervention, of the total effect on IPV prevalence (8% reduction), indirect effects via inequitable gender norms are associated with a 2% decrease (95% CI, −0.07 to 0.12) and direct effects with a 6% decrease (95% CI, −0.20 to −0.02). For household visits, of the total effect on contraceptive use (20% increase), the indirect effect accounts for an 11% decrease (95% CI, −0.18 to −0.01) and direct effect, a 32% increase (95% CI, 0.13-0.44); this is similar to findings for the combination arm. This experimental evidence informs the value of changing underlying social norms to reduce IPV and increase contraception use.
Role of phosphorylation and vanilloid ligand structure in ligand-dependent differential activations of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1
Authors: Moriyama Sakura , Tatematsu Kenji , Hinuma Shuji , Kuroda Shun'ichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Vanilloid analogs, which can activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), have been classified into two types based on susceptibility to forskolin (FSK). Treatment of cells expressing TRPV1 with FSK enhances TRPV1 responses to capsaicin-type ligands while diminishing the responses to eugenol-type ligands. In this study, we determined the effect of FSK on the activation of TRPV1 stimulated with vanilloid ligands, through the influx of Ca2+ in HEK293T cells expressing TRPV1. Our findings suggest that the effects of FSK can be attributed to the phosphorylation of TRPV1, as evidenced by using a protein kinase A inhibitor and TRPV1 mutants at potential phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, we examined the structure-activity relationship of 13 vanilloid analogs. Our results indicated that vanilloid compounds could be classified into three types, that is the previously reported two types and a novel type of 10-shogaol, by which TRPV1 activation was insusceptible to the FSK treatment.
Physiological responses to heat exposure in a general population cohort in Denmark: the Lolland–Falster Health Study
Authors: Nøhr Nikolaj , Jepsen Randi , Jørsboe Hanne , Lophaven Søren , Koch Susanne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Rising global temperatures due to climate change pose a health risk. Mortality and morbidity increase during heat events affects various organ systems. While warmer countries face higher risks, even colder regions show elevated mortality during hot periods. This study examines physiological responses to heat exposure using data from the general Danish population cohort Lolland–Falster Health Study (LOFUS) during the summers of 2016–2019.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we analysed health data from 3804 individuals aged ≥15 years. Data were analysed across organ systems: cardiovascular system, lung function, renal system, inflammation, coagulation, and liver function. Meteorological data from the Danish Meteorological Institute provided information on temperature and humidity. Heat exposure was defined as one day ≥28°C heat index the day prior to examination. Adjusted multiple linear regression was applied to analyse differences between the two groups.

Results
There were 46 of 368 days with temperatures ≥28°C heat index. In total, 396 participants were heat-exposed (exposure group), while 3408 constituted the unexposed group. Heat exposure was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (−3.82 mm Hg [−5.72; −1.93]), higher heart rate (1.71 beats/min [0.45; 2.98]), lower oxygen saturation (−0.28% [−0.45; −0.10]), higher sodium (0.56 mmol/l [0.33; 0.79]), and higher urine albumin (0.14 mg/l [0.02; 0.27]). No significant differences were observed in inflammation, coagulation, or liver function.

Conclusion
This study reveals early physiological responses to heat with one day of heat exposure ≥28°C, particularly in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems. These findings underline the need for tailored strategies to mitigate health risks associated with rising temperatures.
Burden of disease studies supporting policymaking in the European Union: a systematic review
Authors: Chen-Xu José , Grad Diana Alecsandra , Varga Orsolya , Viegas Susana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Burden of disease (BoD) studies quantify the health impact of diseases and risk factors, which can support policymaking, particularly in the European Union (EU). This study aims to systematically analyse BoD studies, which address EU public policies to contribute to the understanding of its policy uptake. A systematic search of six electronic databases and two grey-literature registries was carried out for articles published between 1990 and 2023. The thematic area, type of legislation and the respective policymaking stage were extracted. A textual analysis of the discussion was conducted to assess the inclusion of specific EU policy implications. Overton was used to detect citations in policy documents. Out of the 2054 records screened, 83 were included. Most studies employed secondary data, with 37 utilizing GBD data. Disability-adjusted life year was present in most of the studies (n = 53). The most common type of the EU legislation mentioned was the directive (n = 47), and the most frequent topic was environment (n = 34). Policy implications for EU laws were discussed in most papers (n = 46, 55.4%), with only 8 conducting evaluation of EU policies. Forty-two articles have been cited at the EU-level, in a total of 86 EU policies. Despite increasing efforts in integrating EU legislation impact within BoD studies, these results denote a low consideration of the legal and policy changes. Greater efforts in directing research towards policy effectiveness evaluation might increase their uptake in EU policies.
Epidemiology of non-communicable diseases among professional drivers in LMICs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Njiro Belinda J , Ndumwa Harrieth P , Waithera Hannah Wanjiku , Chande Rehema , Julius William , Mashili Fredirick , Mwita Julius C , Swahn Monica H , Staton Catherine , Francis Joel Msafiri 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This systematic review collected evidence on the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among professional drivers and reported on the most common factors that increase the risk of NCDs in this specific population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The protocol for this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). We conducted a thorough search on PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Global Health, Web of Science and Africa-wide information databases on 11 May 2023. We adapted the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool to assess the quality of the studies. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, prediabetes, diabetes mellitus (DM), overweight and obesity among professional drivers using a random effect model to compute pooled and subgroup analyses. In addition, we conducted a narrative synthesis of the risk factors and recommendations presented in the included studies. Forty-one studies, including 48 414 study participants, met the criteria for inclusion. The pooled prevalence of hypertension, DM and obesity among professional drivers was 36.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 31.8–41.6%], 15.2% (95% CI: 7.0–23.4%) and 27.2% (95% CI: 18.7–35.8%), respectively. Unsupportive environment, work stress, sedentary lifestyle, consumption of unhealthy foods and shift work were the most common modifiable risk factors reported. Our findings also show a significant burden of hypertension, DM and obesity among professional drivers in LMICs. The prevalence of DM and obesity was two- and three-fold higher than findings in general populations, respectively. Our findings indicate an urgent need for tailored interventions for different occupation-related risk factors for NCDs among professional drivers in LMICs.
Rights in NFTS and the flourishing of NFT marketplaces
Authors: Tan Corinne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As non-fungible tokens (NFTs) become more commonly collected, questions arise as to the rights owned by purchasers of NFTs. Do NFTs fall under the following categories: real or personal properties; securities or commodities; or copyright works? Many scholars have gone into great detail in these respects, but not looked at the NFT marketplaces on which NFTs are purchased. They have argued that rights in NFTs are analogous to rights in property, securities and copyright’s exclusive bundle of rights, among other things. In this article, I go further to examine selected marketplaces OpenSea and Rarible’s user policies and interfaces, to garner insight on the rights NFT purchasers have. I also examine the latest developments, including cases decided on NFTs, as well as practical developments on the marketplaces, including the introduction of selected licences for NFT projects. Thereafter, I conclude on the rights NFT purchasers hold, the relevance of the copyright system and ultimately, what could support the flourishing of NFT marketplaces.
Prescription and nonprescription drug misuse and abuse in community pharmacies in Iraq: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Shammah Jwan B , Scott Jenny , Wazaify Mayyada 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
There is little known regarding prescription and nonprescription medicine nonmedical use (abuse and misuse) in Iraq, with limited treatment. Pharmacists could be a valuable source of information in the absence of any national monitoring system.

Aims
This study aimed to explore Iraqi community pharmacists’ perspectives on prescription and nonprescription medicine abuse/misuse, including motives for use and how often they encounter people whom they think are misusing or abusing medicines.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was undertaken between November 2020 and February 2021. Community pharmacists in Iraq were asked to complete a prepiloted self-administered questionnaire, distributed through online social media platforms.

Results
300 pharmacists completed the questionnaire. The most commonly reported nonprescription drugs suspected of abuse/misuse were cough and cold medications (n = 80, 26.6%), topical corticosteroids (n = 54, 17.9%), and allergy products (n = 33, 11%). The most common reported prescription drugs suspected of abuse/misuse were systemic antibiotics (n = 111, 36.9%), gabapentinoids (n = 56, 18.6%), and moderate-weak opioids (n = 34, 11.3%). The most commonly method used by pharmacists to limit access to such drugs was responding that the requested medication was unavailable (n = 273, 51.7%), followed by advising on risks (n = 152, 33.2%).

Conclusions
Prescription/nonprescription medicine abuse and misuse are suspected in community pharmacies in Iraq. Current methods for controlling the problem are likely to be ineffective in the absence of prescription drug enforcement. Pharmacists could have a more proactive role in managing this issue, networking with other pharmacists, and referring suspected users to support.
Tate Cohomology of Whittaker Lattices and Base Change of Generic Representations of GLn
Authors: Nadimpalli Santosh , Dhar Sabyasachi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Let $p$ and $l$ be two distinct odd primes, and let $n\geq 2$ be a positive integer. Let $E$ be a finite Galois extension of degree $l$ of a $p$-adic field $F$. Let $q$ be the cardinality of the residue field of $F$. Let $\pi _{F}$ be an integral $l$-adic generic representation of $\textrm{GL}_{n}(F)$, and let $\pi _{E}$ be the base change of $\pi _{F}$. Let $J_{l}(\pi _{F})$ (resp. $J_{l}(\pi _{E})$) be the unique generic component of the mod-$l$ reduction $r_{l}(\pi _{F})$ (resp. $r_{l}(\pi _{E})$). Assuming that $l$ does not divide $|\textrm{GL}_{n-1}(\mathbb{F}_{q})|$, we prove that the Frobenius twist of $J_{l}(\pi _{F})$ is the unique generic subquotient of the Tate cohomology group $\widehat{H}^{0}(\textrm{Gal}(E/F), J_{l}(\pi _{E}))$—considered as a representation of $\textrm{GL}_{n}(F)$.
Retargeting of heterologous enzymes results in improved β-carotene synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Arhar Simon , Pfaller Rupert , Athenstaedt Karin , Lins Thomas , Gogg-Fassolter Gabriela , Züllig Thomas , Natter Klaus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Carotenoids are a class of hydrophobic substances that are important as food and feed colorants and as antioxidants. The pathway for β-carotene synthesis has been expressed in various yeast species, albeit with rather low yields and titers. The inefficient conversion of phytoene to lycopene is often regarded as a bottleneck in the pathway. In this study, we aimed at the improvement of β-carotene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by specifically engineering the enzymatic reactions producing and converting phytoene.

Methods and results
We show that phytoene is stored in intracellular lipid droplets, whereas the enzyme responsible for its conversion, phytoene dehydrogenase, CrtI, is located at the endoplasmic reticulum, like the bifunctional enzyme CrtYB that catalyses the reaction before and after CrtI. To improve the accessibility of phytoene for CrtI and to delay its storage in lipid droplets, we tested the relocation of CrtI and CrtYB to mitochondria. However, only the retargeting of CrtYB resulted in an improvement of the β-carotene content, whereas the mitochondrial variant of CrtI was not functional. Surprisingly, a cytosolic variant of this enzyme, which we obtained through the elimination of its carboxy-terminal membrane anchor, caused an increase in β-carotene accumulation. Overexpression of this CrtI variant in an optimized medium resulted in a strain with a β-carotene content of 79 mg g−1 cell dry weight, corresponding to a 76-fold improvement over the starting strain.

Conclusions
The retargeting of heterologously expressed pathway enzymes improves β-carotene production in S. cerevisiae, implicating extensive inter-organellar transport phenomena of carotenoid precursors. In addition, strong overexpression of carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes and the optimization of cultivation conditions are required for high contents.
Short-term feed restriction induces inflammation and an antioxidant response via cystathionine-β-synthase and glutathione peroxidases in ruminal epithelium from Angus steers
Authors: Jiang Qianming , Galvão Matheus C , Thanh Lam Phuoc , Aboragah Ahmad A , Mauck John , Gionbelli Mateus Pies , Alhidary Ibrahim A , McCann Joshua C , Loor Juan J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Decreased intake is induced by stressors such as parturition, transportation, dietary transitions, and disease. An important function of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is to produce the antioxidant glutathione to help reduce oxidative stress. Although various components of OCM are expressed in the bovine rumen and small intestine, the relationship between reduced feed intake, OCM, and antioxidant mechanisms in gut tissues is unknown. This study aimed to assess alterations in immune and antioxidant pathways in ruminal epithelium due to acute feed restriction (FR). Seven group-housed ruminally cannulated Angus steers (663 ± 73 kg body weight, 2 yr old) had ad libitum access to a finishing diet (dry-rolled corn, corn silage, modified wet distiller’s grains) during 15 d of a pre-FR period (PRE). Subsequently, steers were moved to a metabolism barn with tie stalls and individually fed at 25% of estimated intake in PRE for 3 d (FR period, FRP). This was followed by 15 d of recovery (POST) during which steers had ad libitum access to the same diet as in PRE and FRP. Plasma and ruminal tissue biopsies were collected during each period. Plasma free fatty acid and IL1-β concentrations were higher (P ≤ 0.03) in FRP than PRE or POST. The mRNA abundance of the proinflammatory genes tumor necrosis factor, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 in the ruminal epithelium peaked (P &lt; 0.05) at FRP and remained higher at POST. These responses agreed with the higher (P &lt; 0.05) abundance of phosphorylated (p)-MAPK (an inflammation activator) and p-EEF2 (translational repressor) in FRP than PRE and POST. Although ruminal glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activity did not increase at FRP compared with PRE and POST, protein abundance of GPX1 and GPX3 along with the antioxidant response regulator NFE2L2 were highest (P &lt; 0.01), and the activity of cystathionine-beta synthase tended (P = 0.06) to be highest during FR. Although FR had minimal negative effects on tissue integrity-related genes (only filamin A was downregulated), it led to a systemic inflammatory response and triggered inflammation and antioxidant mechanisms within the ruminal epithelium. Thus, deploying anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms via molecules that feed into OCM (e.g., dietary methyl donors such as methionine, choline, betaine, and folate) could potentially counteract the stressors associated with FR.