bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-group defense, out-group aggression, and coordination failures in intergroup conflict
Authors: De Dreu Carsten K. W. , Gross Jörg , Méder Zsombor , Giffin Michael , Prochazkova Eliska , Krikeb Jonathan , Columbus Simon 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Across a range of domains, from group-hunting predators to laboratory groups, companies, and nation states, we find that out-group aggression is less successful because it is more difficult to coordinate than in-group defense. This finding explains why appeals for defending the in-group may be more persuasive than appeals to aggress a rivaling out-group and suggests that (third) parties seeking to regulate intergroup conflict should, in addition to reducing willingness to contribute to one’s group’s fighting capacity, undermine arrangements for coordinating out-group aggression, such as leadership, communication, and infrastructure.
Mannose receptor induces T-cell tolerance via inhibition of CD45 and up-regulation of CTLA-4
Authors: Schuette Verena , Embgenbroich Maria , Ulas Thomas , Welz Meike , Schulte-Schrepping Jonas , Draffehn Astrid M. , Quast Thomas , Koch Katharina , Nehring Melanie , König Jessica , Zweynert Annegret , Harms Frederike L. , Steiner Nancy , Limmer Andreas , Förster Irmgard , Berberich-Siebelt Friederike , Knolle Percy A. , Wohlleber Dirk , Kolanus Waldemar , Beyer Marc , Schultze Joachim L. , Burgdorf Sven 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceEndocytic receptors regulate the internalization of extracellular antigens and are often targeted to induce a potent immune response (e.g., tumor vaccinations), albeit with limited success. Here, we describe a role of an endocytic receptor on the regulation of T-cell functionality. We demonstrate that the expression of the mannose receptor on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) impaired full activation of cytotoxic T cells by direct interaction with CD45 on the T-cell surface, resulting in CD45 inhibition, T-cell reprogramming, and the induction of T-cell tolerance. These findings demonstrate that the immune-regulatory properties of endocytic receptors expressed on APCs have an important impact on the potency of T-cell activation.
Energetics of side-chain snorkeling in transmembrane helices probed by nonproteinogenic amino acids
Authors: Öjemalm Karin , Higuchi Takashi , Lara Patricia , Lindahl Erik , Suga Hiroaki , von Heijne Gunnar 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Membrane proteins are central players in all cells, and their structure and function are under intense study. However, we still lack a detailed understanding of the process whereby they are integrated into biological membranes. Most membrane proteins are integrated cotranslationally into the membrane bilayer. Although the energetics that drive membrane protein integration are known in outline, detailed studies are difficult because the naturally occurring amino acids represent only a limited set of side-chain chemistries. Here we use synthetic, nonproteinogenic amino acids engineered into a transmembrane segment to systematically probe the energetics of membrane insertion in a way not possible with the set of natural amino acids.
Structural mechanism for the recognition and ubiquitination of a single nucleosome residue by Rad6–Bre1
Authors: Gallego Laura D. , Ghodgaonkar Steger Medini , Polyansky Anton A. , Schubert Tobias , Zagrovic Bojan , Zheng Ning , Clausen Tim , Herzog Franz , Köhler Alwin 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Histone H2B monoubiquitination is important for gene expression. It is mediated by the yeast E3 ligase Bre1 (human RNF20/40) and the E2 conjugating enzyme Rad6. These enzymes associate with RNA polymerase II and their activity is counteracted by the H2B deubiquitinase of the Spt–Ada–Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex. In contrast to many other E3 ligases, the Rad6–Bre1 machinery exclusively modifies a single lysine on the nucleosome. Given the number of other nearby lysines, it was unknown how such specificity could be achieved. Our study shows how Rad6–Bre1 recognition of the nucleosome is mechanistically coupled to ubiquitin transfer, how a single target lysine is chosen, and how Rad6–Bre1 compete with SAGA for regulatory access to a specific region on the nucleosome.
WD40 domain of Apc1 is critical for the coactivator-induced allosteric transition that stimulates APC/C catalytic activity
Authors: Li Qiuhong , Chang Leifu , Aibara Shintaro , Yang Jing , Zhang Ziguo , Barford David 
Published: September 2016

Significance
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and entry into G1. Its capacity to recognize and ubiquitinate substrates is dependent on coactivator subunits that interact with substrate degrons and promote a conformational change of the APC/C to increase its affinity for the priming E2 UbcH10. We show that the WD40 domain of anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 (Apc1) is required for communicating the conformational change initiated by the binding of coactivator to the catalytic module. In contrast to UbcH10, binding of the elongating E2 Ube2S and its APC/C-stimulated activity does not require the active state of the APC/C. The work raises the possibility that conformational changes of the Apc1 WD40 domain may play a role in regulating UbcH10 binding to the APC/C.
Spiny plants, mammal browsers, and the origin of African savannas
Authors: Charles-Dominique Tristan , Davies T. Jonathan , Hempson Gareth P. , Bezeng Bezeng S. , Daru Barnabas H. , Kabongo Ronny M. , Maurin Olivier , Muasya A. Muthama , van der Bank Michelle , Bond William J. 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceAfrica hosts contrasting communities of mammal browsers and is, thus, the ideal background for testing their effect on plant communities and evolution. In this study at the continental scale, we reveal which mammal browsers are most closely associated with spiny communities of trees. We then show a remarkable convergence between the evolutionary histories of these browsers (the bovids) and spiny plants. Over the last 16 My, plants from unrelated lineages developed spines 55 times. These convergent patterns of evolution suggest that the arrival and diversification of bovids in Africa changed the rules for persisting in woody communities. Contrary to our current understanding, our data suggest that browsers predate fire by millions of years as agents driving the origin of savannas.
SCAP/SREBP pathway is required for the full steroidogenic response to cyclic AMP
Authors: Shimizu-Albergine Masami , Van Yserloo Brian , Golkowski Martin G. , Ong Shao-En , Beavo Joseph A. , Bornfeldt Karin E. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Luteinizing hormone stimulates production of testosterone and other steroids largely through a surge in the second messenger cAMP and subsequent activation of protein kinase A (PKA) in target cells. Rates of steroidogenesis are also dependent on the availability of cholesterol, a steroid building block. We propose, based on our results, that cAMP/PKA coordinates the functions of multiple pathways to regulate cellular cholesterol handling and synthesis and downstream steroid output. Activation of the cholesterol-sensing SCAP–SREBP2 pathway plays an important role in cAMP/PKA coordination of steroidogenesis. These cAMP/PKA-induced pathways are likely to be major regulators of sterol biosynthesis and cholesterol recharging in steroid hormone synthetic and other tissues. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases can be targeted to promote steroidogenesis and cholesterol metabolism.
Ultrathin two-dimensional superconductivity with strong spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Nam Hyoungdo , Chen Hua , Liu Tijiang , Kim Jisun , Zhang Chendong , Yong Jie , Lemberger Thomas R. , Kratz Philip A. , Kirtley John R. , Moler Kathryn , Adams Philip W. , MacDonald Allan H. , Shih Chih-Kang 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceBy studying epitaxially grown Pb thin films, this paper explores a new regime in the physics of uniform 2D superconductivity, in which the spin–orbit coupling-induced Rashba splitting is larger than the superconducting gap. The first quantitative determination of superfluid rigidity in nearly atomically thin 2D superconductors was performed using measurement that covers microscopic to macroscopic length scales to establish uniformity. The extraordinarily strong parallel critical fields were discovered, which is greatly in excess of the normal Clogston–Chandrasekhar limit. Moreover, this remarkable behavior is theoretically explained as a consequence of strong spin–orbit coupling in 2D superconductors that are uniform but in the dirty limit.
Structure of Bor1 supports an elevator transport mechanism for SLC4 anion exchangers
Authors: Thurtle-Schmidt Bryan H. , Stroud Robert M. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
The solute carrier (SLC) 4 transporters are membrane proteins that control bicarbonate transport in human red blood cells and regulate borate transport in plants and yeast. Previously, one member of the SLC4 family, human Band 3, had its crystal structure determined, which showed it in an outward-open state. We report here what is, to our knowledge, the second crystal structure of an SLC4 protein, the plant borate transporter Bor1. Critically, the structure is in an occluded state open to neither side of the membrane. Because it is in a new state, we are able to compare our model with other related structures and deduce structural transitions that provide alternating access to both sides of the membrane for Bor1 and related transporters.
Comparison in gas media (absolute and gauge mode)in the range from 25 kPa TO 200 kPa (EURAMET.M.P-K8)
Authors: Wuethrich C , Alisic S , Altintas A , Andel I van , Eltawil A A , Farár P , Hetherington P , Koçaş I , Lefkopoulos A , Otal P , Prazak D , Sabuga W , Salustiano R , Sandu I , Sardi M , Saxholm S , Setina J , Spohr I , Steindl D , Testa N , Vámossy C , Bermanec L Grgec 
Published: September 2016

It was decided at the EURAMET TC-M meeting in Torino in 2006 to realize a comparison in gauge and absolute pressure up to 200 kPa as it would allow a link to the CCM.P-K6 and CCM.P-K2 comparisons to be established. This project interested a lot of laboratories from the beginning with 23 participants, 22 of which have submitted results. The circulation of the transfer standard began in July 2009 and lasted until January 2012. No major problems occurred during the transport.
The measurand of the comparison is the effective area of a piston-cylinder determined in gauge and absolute pressure from 25 kPa to 200 kPa with pressure steps of 25 kPa. The transfer standard is a gas lubricated tungsten carbide piston-cylinder with an effective area of ~9.8 cm2, fabricated by DH Instruments and compatible with a PG-7601 pressure balance. Some participants used their own pressure balance while a pressure balance with a reference vacuum sensor has been circulated for the participants not equipped with this system.
One participant (SMU, Slovakia) has never provided the measurement results and another participant (FORCE Technology, Denmark) submitted a revised set of measurement results after the pilot laboratory mentioned that the equivalence was not met.
After the determination of the reference value, all the 22 participants who delivered the results in gauge pressure demonstrated equivalence respective to the reference value on most of the range. In absolute pressure the equivalence is demonstrated, for all nominal pressures, by all 17 participants who submitted results.
The comparison is linked to the CCM.P-K6 for gauge pressure and to CCM.P-K2 for absolute pressure. The link does not strongly affect the equivalence of the results and an excellent degree of equivalence is achieved in gauge and absolute pressure.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
International comparison CCQM-K101: oxygen in nitrogen—a track B comparison and that the matrix contains argon
Authors: Zhou Z , Han Q , Wang D , Macé T , Kipphardt H , Maiwald M , Tuma D , Uehara S , Akima D , Shimosaka T , Jung J , Oh S -H , Veen A van der , Wijk J I T van , Ziel P R , Konopelko L , Valkova M , Mogale David M , Botha A , Brewer P , Murugan A , Minnaro M Doval , Miller M , Guenther F , Kelly M E 
Published: September 2016

This key comparison aims to assess the capabilities of the participants to determine the amount-of-substance fraction oxygen in nitrogen. The GAWG has classified this as a track B comparison, due to the unexpected 50 μmol/mol argon mole fraction content of the transfer standards, which effects the achievable performance of some measurement techniques such a GC-TCD. The separation of oxygen and argon is challenging, and not all systems in use are equally well designed for it. As this analytical challenge due to a substantial fraction of argon in the transfer standards became a reality, the Gas Analysis Working Group (GAWG) decided to qualify this key comparison as a regular key comparison and not as a core comparison, which may be used to support calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) for oxygen in nitrogen, or for oxygen in nitrogen mixtures containing argon only (see also the section on support to CMCs).

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Report on BIPM/CIPM key comparison CCAUV.U-K4: absolute calibration of medical hydrophones in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz
Authors: Rajagopal S , Fury C R , Zeqiri B , Brandt M , Wilkens V , Koch C , Matsuda Y , Yoshioka M , Ping Y , Yan Z , Wenping B , Costa-Felix R P B , Oliveira E G 
Published: September 2016

The key compariosn CCAUV.U-K4 involved measurement of end-of-cable loaded sensitivity in units of volts/pascal of two travelling standards, 1 mm element diamater medical hydrophones at medical ultrasound frequencies. This is a repetition of key comparison CCAUV.U-K2 but the scope has been extended upwards to 20 MHz and downwards to 0.5 MHz. The reduction in the lower frequency provided an overlap with the underwater acoustics key comparison CCAUV.W-K1 which covers the range 1 kHz to 0.5 MHz. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCAUV, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Hydrogen Sulfide Improves Myocardial Remodeling via Downregulated Angiotensin Ⅱ/AT1R Pathway in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Liu Shang-Yu , Duan Xiao-Cui , Jin Sheng , Teng Xu , Xiao Lin , Xue Hong-Mei , Wu Yu-Ming 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important endogenous gaseous transmitter in many physiological functions. Plasma H2S decreased, and angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) increased in the myocardial tissues in 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) rats than in normotensive rats. Accumulating evidences suggest that H2S inhibited Ang II/AT1R pathway to regulate cardiovascular function. Therefore, we hypothesized that H2S may exert beneficial effects on myocardial remodeling in 2K1C rat models of renovascular hypertension.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 56 µmol/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally to the rats from the 7th day after 2K1C operation. Systolic blood pressure was significantly increased from the first week after the operation and was lowered after NaHS treatment for 4 weeks. H2S could also inhibit the ratio of left ventricle and septum weight to body weight, improve cross-sectional area, and ameliorate ventricular dysfunction. Additionally, the protein expression of AT1R and Ang II serum content were downregulated, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein was upregulated in 2K1C rats by NaHS treatment for 4 weeks. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species level and AT1R protein were increased, whereas SOD protein was decreased in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II compared with the control group. NaHS could reverse these changes. Losartan and N-acetylcysteine could also reverse Ang II-induced changes.

CONCLUSIONS
The protective effect of H2S is attributable to the suppression of oxidative stress. This process involves the inhibition of the Ang II/AT1R pathway and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes in 2K1C rats.
Regional Organizations in the Middle East
Authors: Pinfari Marco 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article introduces and reviews critically the main regional and subregional institutions currently operating in the Middle East. After presenting some analytical perspectives that shed light on the weakness of regional institutions in the Middle East, it presents the main institutional features of six regional, subregional, or “hybrid” organizations (including the Arab League, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the Euro-Mediterranean cooperation framework) before turning to explore their activities from four critical angles, focusing on their effectiveness, their role, the impact of interregional institutional overlap and of regime types. It concludes with an assessment of how the so-called Arab Uprisings have affected the institutional architecture of the region.
The Places of Roman Isis
Authors: Hackworth Petersen Lauren 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article examines ancient Rome’s ties to Egypt via the goddess Isis. More specifically, it considers the political meanings of Isis and her place in Roman religion and ritual. It first provides an overview of the connection between Egyptomania and Roman Isis, taking as a point of departure the Temple of Isis in the city of Pompeii. It then explores competing explanations of the significance of Isis in Roman society: one account places Isis in the midst of political maneuverings among the Roman elite, and another presents Isis and things Egyptian as exotic and mysterious. The article also reveals how Isis problematizes scholarly notions of religion in ancient Roman society.
Acquired and Participatory Competencies in Health Professions Education: Definition and Assessment in Global Health
Authors: Eichbaum Quentin 
Published: September 2016

Many health professions education programs in high-income countries (HICs) have adopted a competency-based approach to learning. Although global health programs have followed this trend, defining and assessing competencies has proven problematic, particularly in resource-constrained settings of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where HIC students and trainees perform elective work. In part, this is due to programs failing to take sufficient account of local learning, cultural, and health contexts.
A major divide between HIC and LMIC settings is that the learning contexts of HICs are predominantly individualist, whereas those of LMICs are generally collectivist. Individualist cultures view learning as something that the individual acquires independent of context and can possess; collectivist cultures view learning as arising dynamically from specific contexts through group participation.
To bridge the individualist–collectivist learning divide, the author proposes that competencies be classified as either acquired or participatory. Acquired competencies can be transferred across contexts and assessed using traditional psychometric approaches; participatory competencies are linked to contexts and require alternative assessment approaches. The author proposes assessing participatory competencies through the approach of self-directed assessment seeking, which includes multiple members of the health care team as assessors.
The proposed classification of competencies as acquired or participatory may apply across health professions. The author suggests advancing participatory competencies through mental models of sharing. In global health education, the author recommends developing three new competency domains rooted in participatory learning, collectivism, and sharing: resourceful learning; transprofessionalism and transformative learning; and social justice and health equity.
Redesign of the System for Evaluation of Teaching Qualities in Anesthesiology Residency Training (SETQ Smart)
Authors: Lombarts Kiki M. J. M. H. , Ferguson Andrew , Hollmann Markus W. , Malling Bente , Arah Onyebuchi A. ,   SMART Collaborators, Berger M. M. , van Gessel E. , Hoff R. , Houweling P. , Loer S. , Padosch S. A. , Schramm M. J. , Schlack W. S. , Steiner L. A. , Stolker R. J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Given the increasing international recognition of clinical teaching as a competency and regulation of residency training, evaluation of anesthesiology faculty teaching is needed. The System for Evaluating Teaching Qualities (SETQ) Smart questionnaires were developed for assessing teaching performance of faculty in residency training programs in different countries. This study investigated (1) the structure, (2) the psychometric qualities of the new tools, and (3) the number of residents’ evaluations needed per anesthesiology faculty to use the instruments reliably.

Methods
Two SETQ Smart questionnaires—for faculty self-evaluation and for resident evaluation of faculty—were developed. A multicenter survey was conducted among 399 anesthesiology faculty and 430 residents in six countries. Statistical analyses included exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis using Cronbach α, item-total scale correlations, interscale correlations, comparison of composite scales to global ratings, and generalizability analysis to assess residents’ evaluations needed per faculty.

Results
In total, 240 residents completed 1,622 evaluations of 247 faculty. The SETQ Smart questionnaires revealed six teaching qualities consisting of 25 items. Cronbach α’s were very high (greater than 0.95) for the overall SETQ Smart questionnaires and high (greater than 0.80) for the separate teaching qualities. Interscale correlations were all within the acceptable range of moderate correlation. Overall, questionnaire and scale scores correlated moderately to highly with the global ratings. For reliable feedback to individual faculty, three to five resident evaluations are needed.

Conclusions
The first internationally piloted questionnaires for evaluating individual anesthesiology faculty teaching performance can be reliably, validly, and feasibly used for formative purposes in residency training.