bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas – pathogenesis, diagnostic workup, and therapy
Authors: Nicolay Jan P. , Wobser Marion 
Published: December 2016

SummaryCutaneous B‐cell lymphomas (CBCLs) comprise a group of mature lymphoproliferative B‐cell disorders that primarily affect the skin. Characterized by great biological and clinical variability among its various subtypes, CBCLs fundamentally differ from primary nodal or systemic B‐cell lymphomas. Given their uncomplicated course and excellent prognosis, lymphoma classifications rank primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) and primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) as indolent CBCLs. By contrast, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, leg type (DLBCL‐LT) in particular, represent more aggressive lymphoma variants associated with a poorer prognosis. Therapeutic decisions and diagnostic procedures are based on the exact histological and immunohistochemical classification as well as the exclusion of systemic involvement and thus differentiation from nodal and systemic lymphomas. In this context, the diagnostic workup should also include molecular biology methods. Primary therapeutic options for indolent CBCL lesions include surgery and radiation therapy, as well as systemic treatment with rituximab (anti‐CD20 antibody) in case of dissemination. More aggressive CBCLs usually require a combination of rituximab and polychemotherapy, primarily the CHOP regimen or modifications thereof. Given that the pathogenesis and biology of CBCLs has not been conclusively elucidated, and given the limited therapeutic armamentarium available, there is great need for comprehensive research, especially with respect to DLBCL‐LT.
Interhemispheric functional connectivity in anorexia and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Canna Antonietta , Prinster Anna , Monteleone Alessio Maria , Cantone Elena , Monteleone Palmiero , Volpe Umberto , Maj Mario , Di Salle Francesco , Esposito Fabrizio 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe functional interplay between hemispheres is fundamental for behavioral, cognitive, and emotional control. Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) have been largely studied with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in relation to the functional mechanisms of high‐level processing, but not in terms of possible inter‐hemispheric functional connectivity anomalies. Using resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI), voxel‐mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and regional inter‐hemispheric spectral coherence (IHSC) were studied in 15 AN and 13 BN patients and 16 healthy controls (HC). Using T1‐weighted and diffusion tensor imaging MRI scans, regional VMHC values were correlated with the left‐right asymmetry of corresponding homotopic gray matter volumes and with the white matter callosal fractional anisotropy (FA). Compared to HC, AN patients exhibited reduced VMHC in cerebellum, insula, and precuneus, while BN patients showed reduced VMHC in dorso‐lateral prefrontal and orbito‐frontal cortices. The regional IHSC analysis highlighted that the inter‐hemispheric functional connectivity was higher in the ‘Slow‐5’ band in all regions except the insula. No group differences in left–right structural asymmetries and in VMHC vs. callosal FA correlations were significant in the comparisons between cohorts. These anomalies, not explained by structural changes, indicate that AN and BN, at least in their acute phase, are associated with a loss of inter‐hemispheric connectivity in regions implicated in self‐referential, cognitive control and reward processing. These findings may thus gather novel functional markers to explore aberrant features of these eating disorders.
Resting state functional connectivity measures correlate with the response to anodal transcranial direct current stimulation
Authors: Hordacre Brenton , Moezzi Bahar , Goldsworthy Mitchell R. , Rogasch Nigel C. , Graetz Lynton J. , Ridding Michael C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractResponses to non‐invasive brain stimulation are highly variable between subjects. Resting state functional connectivity was investigated as a marker of plasticity induced by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Twenty‐six healthy adults (15 male, 26.4 ± 6.5 years) were tested. Experiment 1 investigated whether functional connectivity could predict modulation of corticospinal excitability following anodal tDCS. Experiment 2 determined test–retest reliability of connectivity measures. Three minutes of electroencephalography was recorded and connectivity was quantified with the debiased weighted phase lag index. Anodal (1 mA, 20 min) or sham tDCS was applied to the left primary motor cortex (M1), with a change in motor evoked potential amplitude recorded from the right first dorsal interosseous used as a marker of tDCS response. Connectivity in the high beta frequency (20–30 Hz) between an electrode approximating the left M1 (C3) and electrodes overlying the left parietal cortex was a strong predictor of tDCS response (cross‐validated R2 = 0.69). Similar relationships were observed for alpha (8–13 Hz; R2 = 0.64), theta (4–7 Hz; R2 = 0.53), and low beta (14–19 Hz; R2 = 0.58) frequencies, however, test–retest reliability of connectivity measures was strongest for the high beta frequency model (ICC = 0.65; good reliability). Further investigation of the high beta model found that greater connectivity between C3 and a cluster of electrodes approximately overlying the left parietal cortex was associated with stronger responses to anodal (rho = 0.61, P = 0.03), but not sham tDCS (rho = 0.43, P = 0.14). Functional connectivity is a strong predictor of the neuroplastic response to tDCS and may be one important characteristic to assist targeted tDCS application.
How Do Infanticidal Male Bank Voles (Myodes glareolus) Find the Nest with Pups?
Authors: Ylönen Hannu , Kasi Marjo , Opperbeck Annika , Haapakoski Marko , Sundell Janne 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInfanticide, the killing of conspecific young, occurs in most mammal species, like in our study species, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Infanticide by adult males is regarded as a strong factor affecting recruitment of young into population. It is considered as an adaptive behaviour, which may increase male fitness via resource gain or an increased access to mates. When an intruder is approaching the nest, the mother should not be present, as her nest guarding is very aggressive and successful. Pups use ultrasonic vocalisation to call their mother when mother leaves nest for foraging but it is not know which cues do infanticidal males use to find the nest with vulnerable pups to commit infanticide? We studied whether the pups' sounds or the olfactory cues of the nest guide the males of known infanticidal behavioural trait towards the nest with vulnerable pups. Four nest boxes in a large indoor arena offered different nesting cues: nest odour, pup vocalisation, both odour and sound or control with no cue. The result showed that infanticidal males were more active in their searching behaviour than non‐infanticidal males and seemed to target the nest providing only acoustic cues. Four of the males, all infanticidal, intruded the nest box. Infanticidal males seem to actively search for nests with vulnerable pups by eavesdropping pup begging calls for absent mother. However, under natural conditions, mother presence and aggressive nest protection may be an effective counter strategy against strange male infanticide. When trapping study voles from the wild, we monitored occurrence of male infanticide across the breeding season from early to late summer. Proportion of infanticidal males was between 25 and 29% of all males tested along the breeding season. Our results suggest that male infanticide seems to cause a stable threat for pup mortality in increasing breeding season density.
Keeping things local: Subpopulation Nb and Ne in a stream network with partial barriers to fish migration
Authors: Whiteley Andrew R. , Coombs Jason A. , O'Donnell Matthew J. , Nislow Keith H. , Letcher Benjamin H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFor organisms with overlapping generations that occur in metapopulations, uncertainty remains regarding the spatiotemporal scale of inference of estimates of the effective number of breeders () and whether these estimates can be used to predict generational Ne. We conducted a series of tests of the spatiotemporal scale of inference of estimates of Nb in nine consecutive cohorts within a long‐term study of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). We also tested a recently developed approach to estimate generational Ne from and compared this to an alternative approach for estimating that also accounts for age structure. Multiple lines of evidence were consistent with corresponding to the local (subpopulation) spatial scale and the cohort‐specific temporal scale. We found that at least four consecutive cohort‐specific estimates of were necessary to obtain reliable estimates of harmonic mean for a subpopulation. Generational derived from cohort‐specific was within 7%–50% of an alternative approach to obtain , suggesting some population specificity for concordance between approaches. Our results regarding the spatiotemporal scale of inference for Nb should apply broadly to many taxa that exhibit overlapping generations and metapopulation structure and point to promising avenues for using cohort‐specific for local‐scale genetic monitoring.
Time‐dependent climate impact and energy efficiency of combined heat and power production from short‐rotation coppice willow using pyrolysis or direct combustion
Authors: Ericsson Niclas , Sundberg Cecilia , Nordberg Åke , Ahlgren Serina , Hansson Per‐Anders 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA life cycle assessment of a Swedish short‐rotation coppice willow bioenergy system generating electricity and heat was performed to investigate how the energy efficiency and time‐dependent climate impact were affected when the feedstock was converted into bio‐oil and char before generating electricity and heat, compared with being combusted directly. The study also investigated how the climate impact was affected when part of the char was applied to soil as biochar to act as a carbon sequestration agent and potential soil improver. The energy efficiencies were calculated separately for electricity and heat as the energy ratios between the amount of energy service delivered by the system compared to the amount of external energy inputs used in each scenario after having allocated the primary energy related to the inputs between the two energy services. The energy in the feedstock was not included in the external energy inputs. Direct combustion had the highest energy efficiency. It had energy ratios of 10 and 36 for electricity and heat, respectively. The least energy‐efficient scenario was the pyrolysis scenario where biochar was applied to soils. It had energy ratios of 4 and 12 for electricity and heat, respectively. The results showed that pyrolysis with carbon sequestration might be an option to counteract the current trend in global warming. The pyrolysis system with soil application of the biochar removed the largest amount of from the atmosphere. However, compared with the direct combustion scenario, the climate change mitigation potential depended on the energy system to which the bioenergy system delivered its energy services. A system expansion showed that direct combustion had the highest climate change mitigation potential when coal or natural gas were used as external energy sources to compensate for the lower energy efficiency of the pyrolysis scenario.
Balance Impairments in Different Subgroups of Patients With Migraine
Authors: Carvalho Gabriela F. , Bonato Paolo , Florencio Lidiane L. , Pinheiro Carina F. , Dach Fabiola , Bigal Marcelo E. , Bevilaqua‐Grossi Debora 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundPatients with migraine often experience balance impairments. However, the relationship between clinical features – like aura and chronicity – and the severity of balance impairments is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess balance impairments in different subgroups of migraine patients.MethodOne hundred five subjects diagnosed according to the ICHD‐III were recruited in the study. They were uniformly distributed among three groups: migraine with aura, migraine without aura, and chronic migraine. Thirty‐five controls were also recruited in the study. Balance impairments were assessed in all subjects via the modified Sensory Organization test and the Limits of Stability test. The results in the four groups were compared using ANCOVA tests with age, BMI, presence of dizziness, level of physical activity, time of migraine onset, and medication intake as covariates.ResultsSubjects in the migraine with aura and the chronic migraine groups showed poorer balance control than control subjects in three of the four conditions tested using the modified Sensory Organization test: FirmCE: CG: 1.5 cm2, 95%CI 1.3 to 1.7; M: 2.1 cm2, 95%CI 1.6 to 2.6; MA: 4.5 cm2, 95%CI 3.2 to 5.8; CM: 4.5 cm2, 95%CI 3.0 to 6.0; P < .027; FoamOE: CG: 5.1 cm2, 95%CI 4.6 to 5.6; M: 5.6 cm2, 95%CI 5.0 to 6.1; MA: 8.8 cm2, 95%CI 7.3 to 10.2; CM: 8.8 cm2, 95%CI 7.7 to 10.0; P < .018; FoamCE: CG: 14.8 cm2, 95%CI 13.7 to 15.9 cm2; M: 17.3 cm2, 95%CI 15.4 to 19.1; MA: 21.9 cm2, 95%CI 19.1 to 24.7; CM: 22.4 cm2, 95%CI 19.9 to 24.9; P < .0001. In the FoamOE and FoamCE conditions, both groups also showed poorer postural control than subjects in the migraine without aura group (P < .01). Differences between control subjects and subjects in all the migraine groups were found in the reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, and maximal excursion parameters (P < .04) in all the directions tested during the Limits of Stability test. None of the covariates appeared to affect the balance parameters (P > .05).ConclusionThere is evidence of balance control impairments in subjects with all subtypes of migraine compared to control subjects. The presence of aura and frequent migraine attacks reflect negatively in the postural control performance and may have a significant clinical impact in patients with migraine that should be addressed with appropriate clinical interventions.
‘Shutting the World Out’: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Exploring the Paternal Experience of Parenting a Young Adult with a Developmental Disability
Authors: Thackeray Lisa A. , Eatough Virginia 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundAn in‐depth exploration of the experience of midlife fathers of developmentally disabled young adults (aged 19–32 years) was motivated by a dearth of research in this area (McKnight, PsyPAG Quarterly, 94, 2015, 10).MethodFive fathers participated in semi‐structured interviews which were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith, Flowers and Larkin, 2009, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method, and Research. London: Sage).ResultsThe final thematic structure comprises four inter‐related themes. They demonstrate a high degree of concern for children's well‐being; the joy adult children confers on their father's lives as well as the difficulties men experience in response to the limited opportunities available to their offspring. Importantly findings also illustrate the way in which men struggle to contend with painful emotions.ConclusionsSocietal conceptions of masculinity, fatherhood and disability necessarily influence the way fathers experience the world (Yarwood, Fathering, 9, 2011, 150). It is imperative that service providers recognize the particular challenges faced by fathers, seeking ways to better engage and support them.
MitochondrialDNAD‐loop haplogroup contributions to the genetic diversity of East European domestic chickens from Russia
Authors: Dyomin A.G. , Danilova M.I. , Mwacharo J.M. , Masharsky A.E. , Panteleev A.V. , Druzhkova A.S. , Trifonov V.A. , Galkina S.A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryTo elucidate geographical and historical aspects of chicken dispersal across Eastern Europe, we analysed the complete mitochondrialDNAD‐loop sequence of 86 representatives from chicken breeds traditionally raised in the territory of the East European Plain (Orloff, Pavlov, Russian White, Yurlov Crower, Uzbek Game and Naked Neck). From the 1231–1232 bp D‐loop sequence, 35 variable sites that defined 22 haplotypes were identified in modern chicken. All populations, except Uzbek Game, exhibited high values of haplotype and nucleotide diversity suggesting a wide variation in maternal diversity. Inclusion of mtDNAsequences from other European and Asian countries revealed representatives from this study belonging to haplogroups A, E1 and C1. We also assessed fossil chicken material dated to the 9th–18th century from archaeological sites in Northern and Eastern Europe. Three haplotypes found in the fossil specimens belonged to haplogroup E1, while one sample dated to the 18th century was assigned to the C1 haplogroup. This is the first report of the occurrence of the C1 haplogroup in European chicken populations prior to the 20th century based on the fossil material. These results provide evidence for a relatively recent introduction of all haplotypes other than E1 into the East European chicken gene pool with the significant impact of the C1 haplogroup mainly distributed in Southern China.
Midkine is overexpressed in acute pancreatitis and promotes the pancreatic recovery in L‐arginine‐induced acute pancreatitis in mice
Authors: Cheng Li , Qiao Zhenguo , Xu Chunfang , Shen Jiaqing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and AimMidkine (MK) is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous malignancies, but the expression and effect of MK in acute pancreatitis (AP) have not been well studied and documented.MethodsIn this study, the expression of MK was assayed in mice with L‐arginine‐induced AP. A recombinant human MK (rhMK) was introduced in this study to test the effect of MK on the L‐arginine‐induced AP. Serum amylase and lipase were assayed. Pancreas tissue samples were also collected for the evaluation of histological injury. Western blot and immunochemical staining of α‐amylase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were applied for the study of acinar regeneration in the pancreas.ResultsThe elevation of MK expression was found in mice with AP induced by L‐arginine. After rhMK administration, rhMK did not affect the severity of acute pancreatic injury in acute phase in L‐arginine‐induced pancreatitis in mice, in accordance with changes of serum amylase and lipase and the histological evaluation. But during the recovery phase, the area of remaining acinar cells was increased and the fibrosis was reduced in rhMK‐treated mice. Furthermore, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and α‐amylase was also upregulated after rhMK treatment.ConclusionMidkine is over‐expressed during AP in the animal model. Recombinant MK could promote the recovery of L‐arginine‐induced pancreatitis in mice. Therefore, MK may be involved in the regeneration of acinar cells in AP, and rhMK may be a possible therapeutic intervention for the repairment of AP.
Precautionary Savings with Risky Assets: When Cash Is Not Cash
Authors: DUCHIN RAN , GILBERT THOMAS , HARFORD JARRAD , HRDLICKA CHRISTOPHER 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTU.S. industrial firms invest heavily in noncash, risky financial assets such as corporate debt, equity, and mortgage‐backed securities. Risky assets represent 40% of firms’ financial portfolios, or 6% of total book assets. We present a formal model to assess the optimality of this behavior. Consistent with the model, risky assets are concentrated in financially unconstrained firms holding large financial portfolios, are held by poorly governed firms, and are discounted by 13% to 22% compared to safe assets. We conclude that this activity represents an unregulated asset management industry of more than $1.5 trillion, questioning the traditional boundaries of nonfinancial firms.
Comparison of Bailout and Planned Rotational Atherectomy for Heavily Calcified Coronary Lesions: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Allali Abdelhakim , Abdel‐Wahab Mohamed , Sulimov Dmitriy S. , Jose John , Geist Volker , Kassner Guido , Richardt Gert , Toelg Ralph 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare outcomes of bailout and planned rotational atherectomy (RA) in the treatment of calcified coronary lesions.BackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend RA as a bailout procedure for calcified or fibrotic lesions that cannot be adequately dilated before stenting. Nonetheless, planned RA is sometimes performed in certain challenging anatomies.MethodsData of patients treated with RA between 2002 and 2014 at a single‐center registry were retrospectively analyzed. The bailout RA group included patients where RA was employed after failure of balloon dilatation or stent delivery. Planned RA included patients where RA was employed electively without previous device failure.ResultsThe study comprised 204 patients (221 lesions) and 308 patients (338 lesions) treated with bailout or planned RA, respectively. Angiographic success was achieved in the majority of cases, but was lower in the bailout RA group (93.7% vs. 97.6%, P = 0.02). Coronary dissections occurred more frequently in the bailout RA group (8.6% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.04), mean contrast amount was higher (279 ± 135 mL vs. 202 ± 92 mL, P < 0.001), and fluoroscopy time and procedural duration were longer in that group (32 min [IQR 21–51] vs. 18 min [IQR 14–28], P < 0.001 and 111 ± 50 min vs. 76 ± 35 min, P < 0.001, respectively). In‐hospital death and myocardial infarction were not significantly different between the groups (2.9% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.21 and 6.9% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.19). In‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were higher in the bailout RA group (10.3% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.04). The 2‐year estimated rates of MACE (25.2% vs. 28.7%, log rank P = 0.52) and its components death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization were not significantly different between the groups. Equivalence of 2‐year MACE rates was also seen in all examined subgroups.ConclusionShortened procedural duration and reduction of coronary dissections were observed with planned RA for selected lesions. However, this strategy does not affect long‐term clinical outcomes.
Novel treatment concepts in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Glimelius I. , Diepstra A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTreatment of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) has been a success story, with cure of localized disease with radiotherapy in the 1930s, cure of advanced stages with combination chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy in the mid‐1960s and continuous improvements since then. Nonetheless, at present approximately 2% of patients with classical HL are primarily refractory to conventional therapy with only 50% becoming long‐term survivors. Another 13% of patients relapse, with only 60% being alive 10 years postrecurrence (as exemplified in this review in a Swedish cohort of 18‐ to 65‐year‐old patients diagnosed during the period 1992–2009). Recently, novel targeted drugs were approved for refractory/relapsed HL and here we review results of trials that form the basis for these approvals as well as new trials. In summary, brentuximab vedotin can be used in refractory patients (i) as a complement to high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) improving the chances of being able to proceed to an allogenic SCT and cure, (ii) as consolidation after autologous SCT and (iii) as palliative life‐prolonging treatment. However, we have yet to determine whether this drug provides the greatest benefit in first‐ or second‐line treatment, as consolidation or in refractory disease or relapse. Trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as those targeting programmed death 1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), and thus not primarily the tumour cells, have shown overall response rates of >65%. Long‐term results and data from Phase III trials are still lacking, but nivolumab recently gained approval in refractory patients already treated with brentuximab vedotin and autologous SCT. Other novel treatments of interest include T cells with a chimeric antigen receptor and combination therapies with histone deacetylase inhibitors.