bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTER RETINAL TUBULATIONS
Authors: Preti Rony C. , Govetto Andrea , Filho Richard Geraldo Aqueta , Cabral Zacharias Leandro , Gianotti Pimentel Sergio , Takahashi Walter Y. , Monteiro Mario L. R. , Hubschman Jean Pierre , Sarraf David 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To describe the sequential evolution of outer retinal tubulations (ORTs) in patients diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization and/or retinal pigment epithelium atrophy.

Methods:
Retrospective evaluation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography of a consecutive cohort of patients with various retinal conditions.

Results:
We reviewed the clinical findings of 238 eyes of 119 consecutive patients (54 men and 65 women) with a mean age of 76.2 ± 14.2 years (range: 57–90) and a mean follow-up of 3 ± 1.6 years (range 1–7). Over the follow-up period, ORTs were diagnosed in 67 of 238 eyes (28.1%), 9 of which were imaged with sequential, eye-tracked spectral domain optical coherence tomography dating from the beginning of ORT formation. The presence of geographic atrophy and subretinal hyperreflective material at baseline were found to be risk factors for ORT development (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Outer retinal tubulations were divided into forming versus formed morphologies. The latter was comprised open and closed ORTs of which the open subtype was the most common. The formation of ORTs was significantly associated with microcystic macular lesions in the inner nuclear layer and the downward displacement of the outer plexiform layer, referred to as the outer plexiform layer subsidence sign (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Outer retinal tubulation is a frequent optical coherence tomography finding in eyes with choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy. Open ORTs with progressive scrolled edges and shortened diameter were significantly associated with microcystic macular lesions in the inner nuclear layer and the outer plexiform layer subsidence sign.
Alkali Burn Induced Corneal Spontaneous Pain and Activated Neuropathic Pain Matrix in the Central Nervous System in Mice
Authors: Xiang Yan , Zhou Wenchang , Wang Ping , Yang Hui , Gao Feng , Xiang Hongbin , Manyande Anne , Tian Yuke , Tian Xuebi 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To explore whether alkali burn causes corneal neuropathic pain and activates the neuropathic pain matrix in the central nervous system in mice.

Methods:
A corneal alkali burn mouse model (grade II) was used. The mechanical threshold in the cauterized area was tested using Von Frey hairs. Spontaneous pain behavior was investigated with conditioned place preference. Phosphor extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK), which is a marker for neuronal activation in chronic pain processing, was investigated in several representative areas of the neuropathic pain matrix: the 2 regions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis, Vi/Vc; subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical cord, Vc/C1), insular cortex, anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), and the rostroventral medulla (RVM). Furthermore, pharmacologically blocking pERK activation in the ACC of alkali burn mice was performed in a separate study.

Results:
Corneal alkali burn caused long-lasting damage to the corneal subbasal nerve fibers, and mice exhibited spontaneous pain behavior. By testing in several representative areas of the neuropathic pain matrix in the higher nervous system, phosphor ERK was significantly activated in Vc/C1, but not in Vi/Vc. Also, ERK was activated in the insular cortex, ACC, and RVM. Furthermore, pharmacologically blocking ERK activation in the ACC abolished alkali burn induced corneal spontaneous pain.

Conclusions:
Alkali burn could cause corneal spontaneous pain and activate the neuropathic pain matrix in the central nervous system. Furthermore, activation of ERK in the ACC is required for alkali burn induced corneal spontaneous pain.
Simulated Keratometry Versus Total Corneal Power by Ray Tracing: A Comparison in Prediction Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Hoffer Kenneth J. , Lomoriello Domenico Schiano , Ducoli Pietro 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the relationship between corneal powers measured by simulated keratometry (Sim-K) and ray tracing and understand whether their difference influences intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.

Methods:
In a first sample of healthy eyes, corneal curvature was measured using a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Sirius, CSO). Sim-K was obtained from anterior corneal curvature using the 1.3375 keratometric index. Ray tracing was performed through both corneal surfaces to calculate the total corneal power (TCP). The difference between Sim-K and TCP was correlated with various parameters. In a second sample of patients undergoing cataract surgery, IOL power was subsequently calculated using both Sim-K and TCP.

Results:
In the first sample (114 eyes), Sim-K (43.64 ± 1.44 D) was higher than TCP (43.07 ± 1.41 D, P < 0.0001); the difference ranged between 0.07 and 1.95 D and correlated with the anterior/posterior (A/P) ratio (r = 0.7292, P < 0.0001), which ranged between 1.10 and 1.30. In the second sample (107 eyes), the A/P ratio influenced the outcomes of the Holladay 1 and SRK/T, but not Haigis and Hoffer Q formulas. However, using TCP, which takes the A/P ratio into account, did not improve the prediction error of any formula.

Conclusions:
Sim-K provides a higher corneal power compared with TCP. This difference is not constant but depends on the A/P ratio and can influence the refractive outcome of IOL power calculation by theoretical formulas. However, TCP values do not improve the results of these formulas, as they were developed for keratometric values such as Sim-K.
Therapeutic potential for leukocyte elastase in chronic pain states harboring a neuropathic component
Authors: Bali Kiran Kumar , Kuner Rohini 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Neuropathic pain is an integral component of several chronic pain conditions and poses a major health problem worldwide. Despite emerging understanding of mechanisms behind neuropathic pain, the available treatment options are still limited in efficacy or associated with side effects, therefore making it necessary to find viable alternatives. In a genetic screen, we recently identified SerpinA3N, a serine protease inhibitor secreted in response to nerve damage by the dorsal root ganglion neurons and we showed that SerpinA3N acts against induction of neuropathic pain by inhibiting the T-cell- and neutrophil-derived protease, leucocyte elastase (LE). In the current study, via detailed in vivo pharmacology combined with analyses of evoked- and spontaneous pain-related behaviors in mice, we report that on systemic delivery, a single dose of 3 independent LE inhibitors can block established nociceptive hypersensitivity in early and late phases in the spared nerve injury model of traumatic neuropathic pain in mice. We further report the strong efficacy of systemic LE inhibitors in reversing ongoing pain in 2 other clinically relevant mouse models—painful diabetic neuropathy and cancer pain. Detailed immunohistochemical analyses on the peripheral tissue samples revealed that both T-Lymphocytes and neutrophils are the sources of LE on peripheral nerve injury, whereas neutrophils are the primary source of LE in diabetic neuropathic conditions. In summary, our results provide compelling evidence for a strong therapeutic potential of generic LE inhibitors for the treatment of neuropathic pain and other chronic pain conditions harboring a neuropathic pain component.
Discovery of endogenous opioid systems: what it has meant for the clinician's understanding of pain and its treatment
Authors: Ballantyne Jane C. , Sullivan Mark D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Before the discovery of the endogenous opioid system in the 1970s, opioids were understood only through the lens of opioid drug effects. Opium produced sleep, pain relief, and addiction. Once a variety of opioids had been extracted from opium, and still others synthesized chemically, it became clear that there must be endogenous receptors to explain differential drug effects. So, the search was on to identify the receptors, and subsequently their endogenous ligands. Even then, the consequential ways in which the endogenous opioid system influences the way we respond to the environment and survive took time to unravel. Today's understanding extends far beyond simply accepting pain relief and addiction as separate processes, to the realization that the endogenous opioid system achieves constant adjustments between punishment (pain) and reward in communicating areas of the brain previously thought to subserve separate functions. The system also plays a crucial role in socialization. Taken together, these 2 lines of research have led to new insights into why the endogenous opioid system is so important in terms of evolution, individual survival and day-to-day function, and how important it is to consider opioid medications within the context of these critical natural functions.
Occupational Therapy for Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Adults with Acquired Upper-Limb Loss: Body-Powered and Myoelectric Control Systems
Authors: Hermansson Liselotte N. , Turner Kristi 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

There is uncertainty as to whether occupational therapy differs between patients fitted with upper-limb prostheses using different control systems. The aim was to describe occupational therapy in upper-limb prosthetic rehabilitation and discuss potential differences in therapy between patients fitted with body-powered or myoelectric control systems. An overview and description of occupational therapy methods for upper-limb prosthetic rehabilitation is provided based on literature and clinical experience from two independent occupational therapists. Ultimately, the same phased approach to occupational therapy is used for both control systems for upper-limb rehabilitation, inclusive of the evaluation, the pre- and postsurgery phase; preprosthetic therapy; prosthetic training including both controls and functional use training; and discharge planning. The one thing that differed between control systems was the methods for evaluation and training of controls, based on the underlying nature of the systems. The time required to acquire functional use skills differed between control systems—users of myoelectric devices, especially at transhumeral level or higher, and patients with bilateral limb loss often need more time in therapy in order to learn to operate the terminal device and perform bilateral activities. Occupational therapy for prosthetic rehabilitation in adults with acquired upper-limb loss follows a basic structure that is common to several types of prosthetic control systems. Increased time is required for functional use training with myoelectric systems. The shortage of validated outcome measures restricts the ability to cover all aspects of upper-limb prosthesis use. Further studies to provide evidence in support of different training methods for upper-limb prosthesis users are warranted.
In Their Own Words
Authors: Lewis Stephen P. , Bryant Lindsay A. , Schaefer Brittany M. , Grunberg Paul H. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a condition warranting further study. Although potential advantages and disadvantages regarding this prospect have been documented, no study has examined the perspectives of those who self-injure. The goal of the current study was to give voice to these views. Seventy-six participants with an NSSI history completed quantitative and qualitative measures assessing perspectives about NSSI being included as a DSM disorder. Findings revealed mixed views overall. Thematic analysis of open-ended responses highlighted several unique advantages (i.e., enhanced understanding of NSSI, validation of the NSSI experience, facilitation of NSSI treatment, encouragement of NSSI help-seeking, reduction of NSSI stigma) and disadvantages (i.e., exacerbation of NSSI stigma, diminishment of underlying concerns). These findings speak to the need to consider the perceptions of those with lived NSSI experience; future directions and implications are discussed.
Local Boards of Health Characteristics Influencing Support for Health Department Accreditation
Authors: Shah Gulzar H. , Sotnikov Sergey , Leep Carolyn J. , Ye Jiali , Corso Liza 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Local boards of health (LBoHs) serve as the governance body for 71% of local health departments (LHDs).

Purpose:
To assess the impact of LBoH governance functions and other characteristics on the level of LBoH support of LHD accreditation.

Methods:
Data from 394 LHDs that participated in the 2015 Local Boards of Health Survey were used for computing summative scores for LBoHs for domains of taxonomy and performing logistic regression analyses in 2016.

Results:
Increased odds of an LBoH directing, encouraging, or supporting LHD accreditation activities were significantly associated with (a) a higher overall combined score measuring performance of governance functions and presence of other LBoH characteristics (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.05; P < .001); (b) a higher combined score for the Governance Functions subscale (AOR = 1.06; P < .01); (c) the “continuous improvement” governance function (AOR = 1.15; P < .001); and (d) characteristics and strengths such as board composition (eg, LBoH size, type of training, elected vs nonelected members), community engagement and input, and the absence of an elected official on the board (AOR = 1.14; P = .02).

Conclusions:
LBoHs are evenly split by thirds in their attention to Public Health Accreditation Board accreditation among the following categories: (a) encouraged or supported, (b) discussed but made no recommendations, and (c) did not discuss. This split might indicate that they are depending on the professional leadership of the LHD to make the decision or that there is a lack of awareness. The study findings have policy implications for both LBoHs and initiatives aimed at strengthening efforts to promote LHD accreditation.
Never Quit Trying: Reengaging Tobacco Users in Statewide Cessation Services
Authors: Vickerman Katrina A. , Keller Paula A. , Deprey Mona , Lachter Randi B. , Jenssen Jacalyn , Dreher Marietta 
Published: August 2017

Context:
Tobacco dependence is well established as a chronic condition typically requiring numerous quit attempts. Tobacco users are unlikely to return to the same cessation program on their own.

Objective:
This program evaluation examined the effectiveness of using multiple outreach methods to reengage tobacco users in a statewide cessation program at varying time points after their initial program enrollment.

Design:
Participants were randomized to receive or not receive reengagement outreach. We conducted outreach via phone, e-mail, and/or text (based on methods participants agreed to receive) at 1, 2, or 3 months post–initial engagement. Participants were offered the opportunity to reenroll in QUITPLAN Services.

Setting:
Minnesota's QUITPLAN Services

Participants:
A total of 3020 tobacco users who enrolled in Minnesota's QUITPLAN Services and either received a 2-week starter kit of nicotine replacement therapy or completed 0-1 QUITPLAN Helpline calls.

Main Outcome Measures:
We explored group differences in the odds of reengagement (defined as enrolling in a phone cessation program or selecting 2 or more of nicotine replacement therapy starter kit, text messaging, e-mail program, or print materials), contributors to reengagement, and costs.

Results:
14.7% in the Reengagement Outreach (RO) group and 3.4% in the Comparison (no outreach) group reengaged. The majority (71%) reengaged during phone outreach. There were no significant differences in reengagement rates by follow-up time period (1, 2, or 3 months). Cost per reengagement was $546, mostly due to one-time setup costs; scaling to 10 000 tobacco users would cost approximately $101 per reengagement.

Conclusions:
Conducting proactive outreach through state-funded quitlines is an effective approach to reengaging tobacco users, yielding a 5-fold greater odds of reengagement compared with no outreach. Since most costs were for initial setup, the cost per reengagement would decrease as the outreach population size increases. Such outreach has the potential to foster treatment utilization and quit attempts.
Use of Acellular Allogenic Dermal Matrix (MegaDerm) in Orbital Wall Reconstruction: A Comparison With Absorbable Mesh Plate and Porous Polyethylene
Authors: Kim Jiye , Lew Dae Hyun , Roh Tai Suk , Lee Won Jai 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The selection of materials for orbital wall reconstruction has been a matter of debate. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an acellular allogenic dermal matrix (ADM) as an orbital wall reconstruction material and to compare the results of orbital wall reconstruction with the ADM to those of reconstruction with the more widely used absorbable mesh plate and porous polyethylene. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts and computed tomography images of 73 patients who underwent orbital reconstruction at 1 institution between March 2013 and February 2014. In the ADM group, the mean defect size of 29 patients was 2.89 cm2. After orbital wall reconstruction with ADM, patients with preoperative enophthalmos (7 patients), limited range of eyeball movement (6 patients), and diplopia (12 patients) showed improvements. In the comparative study, the 3 groups showed no significant differences with respect to age distribution (P = 0.522), defect size (P = 0.455), and preoperative findings such as enophthalmos (P = 0.811), diplopia (P = 0.357), and limited range of eyeball movement (P = 0.795). All the preoperative symptoms improved in every group, and in the ADM group, no complication was observed during the postoperative follow-up. ADM is a biocompatible material that combines the flexibility and rigidity required to support the orbital soft tissue. Therefore, it could be an excellent alternative material for orbital wall reconstruction.
Gorham–Stout Disease Presenting as Acute Unilateral Proptosis
Authors: Stroh Inna G. , Ediriwickrema Lilangi S. , Miller Neil R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:
Gorham–Stout disease (GSD) is a rare angiomatous disorder characterized by osteolysis. We report the case of a 66-year-old woman who developed sudden left eye proptosis and facial pain. Neuroimaging demonstrated a destructive mass involving the roof and lateral wall of the left orbit with adjacent abnormal orbital soft tissue. An initial biopsy of the soft tissue was nondiagnostic; however, transcranial biopsy of the orbital roof revealed an intraosseous cavernous angioma, with infiltration of orbital fat by angiomatous tissue. Despite resection of the orbital roof and lateral wall, the orbital lesion continued to expand, leading to signs of a compressive optic neuropathy. The patient then reported severe back pain, prompting imaging that demonstrated disseminated bony involvement of the axial skeleton, eventually leading to the diagnosis of GSD. The patient was treated with a bisphosphonate and a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor with stabilization of disease.
PANINI: Pangenome Neighbor Identification for Bacterial Populations
Authors: Abudahab Khalil , Prada Joaquín M. , Yang Zhirong , Bentley Stephen D. , Croucher Nicholas J. , Corander Jukka , Aanensen David M. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe standard workhorse for genomic analysis of the evolution of bacterial populations is phylogenetic modelling of mutations in the core genome. However, in the current era of population genomics, a notable amount of information about evolutionary and transmission processes in diverse populations can be lost unless the accessory genome is also taken into consideration. Here we introduce PANINI, a computationally scalable method for identifying the neighbours for each isolate in a data set using unsupervised machine learning with stochastic neighbour embedding. PANINI is browser-based and integrates with the Microreact platform for rapid online visualisation and exploration of both core and accessory genome evolutionary signals together with relevant epidemiological, geographic, temporal and other metadata. Several case studies with single-and multi-clone pneumococcal populations are presented to demonstrate ability to identify biologically important signals from gene content data. PANINI is available athttp://panini.wgsa.net/and code athttp://gitlab.com/cgps/panini
Multiple tasks viewed from the neural manifold: Stable control of varied behavior
Authors: Gallego Juan A. , Perich Matthew G. , Naufel Stephanie N. , Ethier Christian , Solla Sara A. , Miller Lee E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHow do populations of cortical neurons have the flexibility to perform different functions? We investigated this question in primary motor cortex (M1), where populations of neurons are able to generate a rich repertoire of motor behaviors. We recorded neural activity while monkeys performed a variety of wrist and reach-to-grasp motor tasks, each requiring a different pattern of neural activity. We characterized the flexibility of M1 movement control by comparing the “neural modes” that capture covariation across neurons, believed to arise from network connectivity. We found large similarities in the structure of the neural modes across tasks, as well as striking similarities in their temporal activation dynamics. These similarities were only apparent at the population level. Moreover, a subset of these well-preserved modes captured a task-independent mapping onto muscle commands. We hypothesize that this system of flexibly combined, stable neural modes gives M1 the flexibility to generate our wide-ranging behavioral repertoire.
Using Outliers in Freesurfer Segmentation Statistics to Identify Cortical Reconstruction Errors in Structural Scans
Authors: Waters Abigail B. , Mace Ryan A. , Sawyer Kayle S. , Gansler David A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionQuality assurance (QA) is vital for ensuring the integrity of processed neuroimaging data for use in clinical neurosciences research. Manual QA (visual inspection) of processed brains for cortical surface reconstruction errors is resource-intensive, particularly with large datasets. Several semi-automated QA tools use quantitative detection of subjects for editing based on outlier brain regions. There were two project goals: (1) evaluate the adequacy of a statistical QA method relative to visual inspection, and (2) examine whether error identification and correction significantly impacts estimation of cortical parameters and established brain-behavior relationships.MethodsT1 MPRAGE images (N = 530) of healthy adults were obtained from the NKI-Rockland Sample and reconstructed using Freesurfer 5.3. Visual inspection of T1 images was conducted for: (1) participants (n= 110) with outlier values (zscores ± 3SD) for subcortical and cortical segmentation volumes (outlier group), and (2) a random sample of remaining participants (n= 110) with segmentation values that did not meet the outlier criterion (nonoutlier group).ResultsThe outlier group had 21% more participants with visual inspection-identified errors than participants in the non-outlier group, with a medium effect size (Φ= 0.22). Nevertheless, a considerable portion of images with errors of cortical extension were found in the non-outlier group (41%). Sex significantly predicted error rate; men were 2.8 times more likely to have errors than women. Although nine brain regions significantly changed size from pre-to postediting (with effect sizes ranging from 0.26 to 0.59), editing did not substantially change the correlations of neurocognitive tasks and brain volumes (ps> 0.05).ConclusionsStatistically-based QA, although less resource intensive, is not accurate enough to supplant visual inspection. We discuss practical implications of our findings to guide resource allocation decisions for image processing.