bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of multiple sclerosis onset symptom on cardiac repolarization
Authors: Mikkola Alma , Ojanen Aku , Hartikainen Juha E. K. , Remes Anne M. , Simula Sakari 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionMultiple sclerosis is associated with prolonged cardiac repolarization but the underlying physiology has remained unknown. In this study, we compared cardiac repolarization during the relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) disease course in patients with motor and sensory onset symptom.MethodsTwenty‐five RRMS patients with motor and 33 RRMS patients with sensory onset symptom having 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded at the time of the first demyelinating event (ECG1) as well as at the later disease course (ECG2) were identified from the patient records. The average time interval between ECG1 and ECG2 was 8.6 ± 5.9 y. Heart rate‐corrected QT intervals reflecting cardiac repolarization were calculated by Bazett (QTcBaz), Fridericia (QTcFri), and Karjalainen (QTcKar) formulas.ResultsHeart rate‐corrected QT intervals as well as heart rate were similar in patients with motor and sensory onset symptom in ECG1. However, QTcBaz (p = .002), QTcFri (p = .019), and QTcKar (p = .026) were longer and heart rate was higher (p = .035) in patients with motor than sensory onset symptom in ECG2. Correspondingly, QTcBaz (p = .002), QTcFri (p = .033), and QTcKar (p = .043) prolonged and heart rate tended to increase (p = .060) during the disease course only in the patients with motor onset symptom.ConclusionsCardiac repolarization prolonged and heart rate increased during the disease course in RRMS patients with motor but not with sensory onset symptom. This suggests different traits in RRMS according to its initial manifestation and also association of motor onset symptom with more unfavorable cardiovascular prognostic determinants.
Increasing middle school students’ awareness and interest in manufacturing through digital game‐based learning (DGBL)
Authors: Perini Stefano , Margoudi Maria , Oliveira Manuel Fradinho , Taisch Marco 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe change of the societal appeal of manufacturing among younger generations is a key element in order to address the talent shortage that is currently affecting the sector. In order to pursue this objective, the use of interactive learning environments such as digital games (DGs) can play an important role. Therefore, this paper presents the results of an exploratory study aimed at understanding the impact of digital game‐based learning (DGBL) on the awareness and interest of middle school students in manufacturing. In particular, the students had to deal with the management of EcoFactory, a simplified industrial plant where they had to take care of the main decisions that are typical in the modern manufacturing industry. The study was based on a pre‐test–post‐test quasi‐experimental design conducted in a public middle school in Northern Italy. The research triangulated the results of different methodologies, namely drawings analysis and questionnaires. The results showed a significant impact of the DG both on the awareness and interest of participants, especially in the environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Thus, the outcomes revealed the high potential that DGs have in explaining the complex concepts that are typical of manufacturing and in enhancing students’ proactive motivation toward them. Finally, implications and suggestions for further research derived from these findings are discussed.
Early ovariectomy reveals the germline encoding of natural anti‐A‐ and Tn‐cross‐reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM) arising from developmental O‐GalNAc glycosylations. (Germline‐encoded natural anti‐A/Tn cross‐reactive IgM)
Authors: Arend Peter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile native blood group A‐like glycans have not been demonstrated in prokaryotic microorganisms as a source of human “natural” anti‐A isoagglutinin production, and metazoan eukaryotic N‐acetylgalactosamine O‐glycosylation of serine or threonine residues (O‐GalNAc‐Ser/Thr‐R) does not occur in bacteria, the O‐GalNAc glycan‐bearing ovarian glycolipids, discovered in C57BL/10 mice, are complementary to the syngeneic anti‐A‐reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM), which is not present in animals that have undergone ovariectomy prior to the onset of puberty. These mammalian ovarian glycolipids are complementary also to the anti‐A/Tn cross‐reactive Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), a molluscan defense protein, emerging from the coat proteins of fertilized eggs and reflecting the snail‐intrinsic, reversible O‐GalNAc glycosylations. The hexameric structure of this primitive invertebrate defense protein gives rise to speculation regarding an evolutionary relationship to the mammalian nonimmune, anti‐A‐reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM) molecule. Hypothetically, this molecule obtains its complementarity from the first step of protein glycosylations, initiated by GalNAc via reversible O‐linkages to peptides displaying Ser/Thr motifs, whereas the subsequent transferase depletion completes germ cell maturation and cell renewal, associated with loss of glycosidic bonds and release of O‐glycan‐depleted proteins, such as complementary IgM revealing the structure of the volatilely expressed “lost” glycan carrier through germline Ser residues. Consequently, the evolutionary/developmental first glycosylations of proteins appear metabolically related or identical to that of the mucin‐type, potentially “aberrant” monosaccharide GalNAcα1‐O‐Ser/Thr‐R, also referred to as the Tn (T “nouvelle”) antigen, and explain the anti‐Tn cross‐reactivity of human innate or “natural” anti‐A‐specific isoagglutinin and the pronounced occurrence of cross‐reactive anti‐Tn antibody in plasma from humans with histo‐blood group O. In fact, A‐allelic, phenotype‐specific GalNAc glycosylation of plasma proteins does not occur in human blood group O, affecting anti‐Tn antibody levels, which may function as a growth regulator that contributes to a potential survival advantage of this group in the overall risk of developing cancer when compared with non‐O blood groups.
Phytochemical Study of the Genus Salpichroa (Solanaceae), Chemotaxonomic Considerations, and Biological Evaluation in Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Basso Ana Valentina , Leiva González Segundo , Barboza Gloria Estela , Careaga Valeria Pilar , Calvo Juan Carlos , Sacca Paula A. , Nicotra Viviana Estela 
Published: June 2017

Twelve Salpichroa taxa have been phytochemically analyzed. From the aerial parts of S. scandens, four known salpichrolides A, C, I, S, and an unreported withanolide named salpichrolide V (1), were isolated. In S. dependens, S. gayi, S. glandulosa subsp. glandulosa, S. glandulosa subps. weddellii, S. leucantha, S. micrantha, S. microloba, S. proboscidea, S. ramosissima, S. tristis var. tristis, and S. weberbauerii, no withanolides were found. The chemical content of ca. 85% of the Salpichroa taxa is in agreement with molecular studies, which suggest that Salpichroa and Jaborosa, a genus considered morphologically close to Salpichroa, are distant in the systematic of the Solanoideae subfamily. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of a set of natural salpichrolides and derivatives was examined against two prostate carcinoma cell lines (PC3 and LNCaP) and two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and T47D). Several compounds showed moderate activity (IC50 = 64.91 – 29.97 μm).
Efficient Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol over Supported Subnanometer Gold Catalysts at Low Temperature
Authors: Wu Congyi , Zhang Peng , Zhang Zhaofu , Zhang Lujun , Yang Guanying , Han Buxing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDirect hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol under milder conditions is of great importance. The catalytic performances of Au particles with different sizes on various supports for this reaction were studied. It was demonstrated that catalytic properties of the catalysts depended both on size of Au particles and the composition of the supports. Au/ZrO2 with subnanometer Au particles (1.6 nm) had unprecedented high catalytic activity and excellent selectivity for the reaction, and methanol could be obtained even at 140 °C, which is obviously lower than those reported before. The outstanding performance of the Au/ZrO2 with subnanometer Au particles resulted from both the very small size of the Au particles and appropriate coupling between the Au particles and the support.
Solvothermal Fabrication of Hollow Nanobarrel‐Like ZnCo2O4 Towards Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance of Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhen , Ru Qiang , Chen Xiaoqiu , Guo Qing , Wang Bei , Hou Xianhua , Hu Shejun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHollow nanobarrel‐like ZnCo2O4 has been designed and synthesized by means of a simple solvothermal method and subsequent calcination. The obtained samples were systematically characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), N2 adsorption–desorption experiments and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This hollow structure could not only relieve the volume expansion effect, but also facilitate the diffusion of lithium ions. We obtained a reversible lithium storage capacity of 1350 mAh g−1 even after 300 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1 with a voltage window of 0.01–3.0 V. As‐prepared samples demonstrate the high reversible capacity and excellent cycle life. The good cycling capability and high rate performance suggest that the material will be an attractive anode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
Ethanol Oxidation Reaction Catalyzed by Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Hydrogen‐Treated TiO2 Nanobelts: Impact of Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Lu Bingzhang , Yao Bin , Roseman Graham , Deming Christopher P. , Lu Jia En , Millhauser Glenn L. , Li Yat , Chen Shaowei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanocomposites based on palladium nanoparticles deposited onto TiO2 nanobelts were prepared by chemical reduction of Pd(II) precursors and the catalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) was examined and compared within the context of TiO2 oxygen vacancies formed by thermal annealing at controlled temperatures (400–600 °C) in a hydrogen atmosphere. Transmission electron microscopic measurements showed that the Pd nanoparticles (about 5 nm in diameter) were clustered somewhat on the surfaces of hydrogen‐treated TiO2 nanobelts (Pd/hTiO2), but distributed rather evenly on the untreated ones (Pd/TiO2). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies suggested electron transfer from Ti to Pd in the Pd/hTiO2 samples, as compared to untreated Pd/TiO2, due to the formation of oxygen vacancies in TiO2 nanobelts where the concentration increased with increasing thermal annealing temperature, as evidenced in electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Significantly, electrochemical measurements showed markedly enhanced EOR activity of both Pd/TiO2 and Pd/hTiO2 in alkaline media, as compared to commercial Pd/C, and the activity increased drastically with the concentration of oxygen vacancies, most likely because oxygen vacancies facilitated the formation of hydroxyl species on the TiO2 surface that played a critical role in the oxidation of ethanol to acetate.
The Solvent Induced Inter‐Dimensional Phase Transformations of Cobalt Zeolitic‐Imidazolate Frameworks
Authors: Li Xu , Li Zhenhu , Lu Li , Huang Limin , Xiang Lu , Shen Jun , Liu Shuangyi , Xiao Dong‐Rong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStudying inter‐dimensional phase transitions of zeolitic‐imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) is essential for developing strategies in controlling morphology and properties. Herein, the inter‐dimensional topotactic phase transformations of 3D ZIF‐67 to 2D ZIF‐L are investigated in detail by employing a simple and efficient solvent‐induced growth method. In addition to ZIF‐67 and ZIF‐L, a series of novel core–shell composites of ZIF‐67@ZIF‐L, with unprecedented morphologies, are also obtained and well‐defined. The different behaviors of the amine hydrogen of 2‐MIM in the solvents play a pivotal role for inter‐dimensional phase transformations, and in combination with the concentration of 2‐MIM, the 2D to 3D phase transformations are also revealed. The findings are very beneficial for morphological design of the ZIFs, along with exploration of the corresponding properties. Impressively, Co‐ZIFs exhibit interesting tunable CO2 adsorption behaviors with the phase evolution, which might bring broader understanding for designing CO2 detection and adsorption devices.
Shape‐Controlled Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Multifunctional Capping for In Vitro Cancer Treatment
Authors: Geng Hongya , Chen Weiyu , Xu Zhi Ping , Qian Guangren , An Jing , Zhang Haijiao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA series of multifunctional shape‐controlled nonspherical hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) drug carriers have been prepared by employing Fe2O3 with four morphologies (capsule, cube, rice, and rhombus) as a sacrificial template and a multifunctional cap as the encapsulating shell. The resulting shape‐controlled nonspherical HMSNs perfectly replicate the original morphology of the Fe2O3 templates, which possess a high specific surface area, good monodispersity, perpendicular mesoporous channels, and excellent biocompatibility. After modification of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA), the shape‐controlled HMSN core and functional shell can then be integrated into a single device (HMSNs‐PEG‐FA) to provide an efficient and tumor‐cell‐selective drug‐delivery system. The shape‐controlled HMSNs and HMSNs‐PEG‐FA all show controlled pH‐responsive release behavior for the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The in vitro results indicate that HMSNs‐PEG‐FA is biocompatible and selectively targets HeLa cells (overexpressed folate receptors). Fluorescence images show that desirable surface modification and the nonspherical shape effectively facilitate cellular internalization of HMSNs. It is expected that the construction of these unique nanomaterials with controlled morphology through the hard‐templating technique may also provide useful information for the design of nanoscale multifunctional systems.
Concurrent chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in elderly patients with bladder cancer undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Korpics Mark C. , Block Alec M. , Martin Brendan , Hentz Courtney , Gaynor Ellen R. , Henry Elizabeth , Harkenrider Matthew M. , Solanki Abhishek A. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to compare the overall survival (OS) of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus radiotherapy (RT) alone in elderly patients (those aged ≥80 years) with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).METHODSPatients aged ≥80 years with cT2‐4, N0‐3, M0 transitional cell MIBC who were treated with curative RT (60‐70 Gray) or CCRT were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. Univariable and multivariable frailty survival analyses, as well as 1‐to‐1 propensity score matching, were used to isolate the association between CCRT and OS.RESULTSA total of 1369 patients who were treated with RT from 2004 through 2013 met eligibility criteria: 739 patients (54%) received RT alone and 630 patients (46%) received CCRT. The median age of the patients was 84 years (range, 80‐90 years). The median follow‐up was 21 months. The 2‐year OS rate was 48%. When comparing CCRT with RT alone, the 2‐year OS rate was 56% versus 42% (P<.0001), respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that CCRT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.65‐0.84 [P<.0001]) and a higher RT dose (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67‐0.90 [P<.001]) were associated with improved OS. T4 disease was associated with worse OS (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.15‐1.76 [P = .001]). After using 1‐to‐1 propensity score matching, there remained an OS benefit for the use of CCRT (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.67‐0.90 [P<.001]).CONCLUSIONSCCRT is associated with improved OS compared with the use of RT alone in elderly patients with MIBC, independent of Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity score, suggesting that CCRT should be used in this population. Cancer 2017;123:3524‐31. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Comprehensive genomic profiling of different subtypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma reveals similarities and differences to guide targeted therapy
Authors: Ali Siraj M. , Yao Ming , Yao Jicheng , Wang Jing , Cheng Yuwei , Schrock Alexa B. , Chirn Gung‐Wei , Chen Hui , Mu Shuo , Gay Laurie , Elvin Julia A. , Suh James , Miller Vincent A. , Stephens Philip J. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Wang Kai 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDTo date, no targeted therapy has been approved for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and this underscores the need for an in‐depth understanding of clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs).METHODSComprehensive genomic profiling was performed for 190 NPC patients, including 20 patients with nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma (NPAC), 62 patients with nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (NPSCC), and 108 patients with nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma (NPUC). The associations of genes and pathways with subtypes, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infections, and the tumor mutation burden (TMB) were statistically evaluated.RESULTSAlthough the overall rates of genomic alterations were similar, the 3 NPC subtypes exhibited different mutational landscapes. Notably, mutations in a proven‐treatable target gene, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), were significantly associated with NPUC but not with NPAC or NPSCC. The top 5 ranked CRGAs included CDKN2A (29%), IDH2 (16%), SMARCB1 (7%), PIK3CA (6%), and NF1 (5%) in NPUC; CDKN2A (27%), PIK3CA (23%), FBXW7 (11%), PTEN (11%), and EGFR (8%) in NPSCC; and CDKN2A (20%), KRAS (15%), CCND1 (10%), MAP3K1 (10%), and NOTCH1 (10%) in NPAC. The incidence of EBV infections significantly correlated with the subtypes and with TP53, CDKN2A, and CDKN2B. The TMB status correlated with the subtypes and with LRP1B, FBXW7, and PIK3CA mutations as well as DNA repair, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that different NPC subtypes harbor different CRGAs. Both EBV infections and the TMB are associated with the NPC subtypes as well as the alterations of individual genes and pathways. The high frequency of IDH2 mutations in NPUC may facilitate potential targeted therapy and will ultimately point to new therapeutic strategies. Cancer 2017;123:3628‐37. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Voices of children and adolescents on phase 1 or phase 2 cancer trials: A new trial endpoint?
Authors: Hinds Pamela S. , Wang Jichuan , Stern Emily Dunn , Macpherson Catherine Fiona , Wharton Claire M. , Okorosobo Ruthanna , Cheng Yao Iris , Gross Heather E. , Meany Holly J. , Jacobs Shana 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDPediatric participants on phase 1 or phase 2 clinical trials for incurable cancer are at risk of experiencing toxicities (adverse events [AEs]) related to trial participation. Multiple AEs are subjective; thus, the real impact of trial treatment cannot be known unless patient subjective reports are solicited.METHODSThe authors assessed the feasibility and acceptability of soliciting symptom, function, and quality of life (QOL) reports from participants aged 8 to 18 years who were enrolled on phase 1/2 clinical trials at 4 cancer centers during the first course of chemotherapy. The authors also assessed the reliability and validity of 6 self‐report Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pediatric measures and 4 open‐ended interview questions at 2 time points (at the time of trial enrollment [T1] and 3 to 4 weeks later [T2]).RESULTSThe enrollment rate of 75.9% (20 participants) exceeded the feasibility criterion, and missingness of measures by person, measure, and items at T1 and T2 were lower than the acceptability criteria. New QOL themes were limited to the impact of treatment on families and being away from home, family, and friends for treatment. All but one measure at T1 met the reliability criterion and all measures did so at T2. Validity support was limited however because as theorized, mobility decreased and fatigue increased as AEs increased.CONCLUSIONSSoliciting and documenting symptom, function, and QOL reports from patients aged 8 to 18 years who are enrolled on a phase 1/2 clinical trial is feasible and acceptable to participants, particularly when embedded in trials. Reliable and valid findings can result, making patient self‐reported outcomes a possible new trial endpoint. Cancer 2017;123:3799–3806. © 2017 American Cancer Society
Digital image analysis supports a nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio cutoff value of 0.5 for atypical urothelial cells
Authors: Hang Jen‐Fan , Charu Vivek , Zhang M. Lisa , VandenBussche Christopher J. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDAn elevated nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio of ≥0.5 is a required criterion for the diagnosis of atypical urothelial cells (AUC) in The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology.METHODSTo validate the N:C ratio cutoff value and its predictive power for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC), the authors retrospectively reviewed the urinary tract cytology specimens of 15 cases of AUC with HGUC on follow‐up (AUC‐HGUC) and 33 cases of AUC without HGUC on follow‐up (AUC‐N‐HGUC). The number of atypical cells in each case was recorded, and each atypical cell was photographed and digitally examined to calculate the nuclear size and N:C ratio.RESULTSOn average, the maximum N:C ratios of atypical cells were significantly different between the AUC‐HGUC and AUC‐N‐HGUC cohorts (0.53 vs 0.43; P =.00009), whereas the maximum nuclear sizes of atypical cells (153.43 μM2 vs 201.47 μM2; P = .69) and the number of atypical cells per case (10.13 vs 7.88; P = .12) were not found to be significantly different. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the maximum N:C ratio alone had high discriminatory capacity (area under the curve, 79.19%; 95% confidence interval, 64.19%‐94.19%). The optimal maximum N:C ratio threshold was 0.486, giving a sensitivity of 73.3% and a specificity of 84.8% for predicting HGUC on follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSThe identification of AUC with an N:C ratio >0.486 has a high predictive power for HGUC on follow‐up in AUC specimens. This justifies using the N:C ratio as a required criterion for the AUC category. Individual laboratories using different cytopreparation methods may require independent validation of the N:C ratio cutoff value. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:710‐6. © 2017 American Cancer Society.