bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of the tomato nuclear proteome during Phytophthora capsici infection unveils regulators of immunity
Authors: Howden Andrew J. M. , Stam Remco , Martinez Heredia Victor , Motion Graham B. , ten Have Sara , Hodge Kelly , Marques Monteiro Amaro Tiago M. , Huitema Edgar 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Plant–pathogen interactions are complex associations driven by the interplay of host and microbe‐encoded factors. With secreted pathogen proteins (effectors) and immune signalling components found in the plant nucleus, this compartment is a battleground where susceptibility is specified. We hypothesized that, by defining changes in the nuclear proteome during infection, we can pinpoint vital components required for immunity or susceptibility.

We tested this hypothesis by documenting dynamic changes in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) nuclear proteome during infection by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici. We enriched nuclei from infected and noninfected tissues and quantitatively assessed changes in the nuclear proteome. We then tested the role of candidate regulators in immunity through functional assays.

We demonstrated that the host nuclear proteome dynamically changes during P. capsici infection. We observed that known nuclear immunity factors were differentially expressed and, based on this observation, selected a set of candidate regulators that we successfully implicated in immunity to P. capsici.

Our work exemplifies a powerful strategy to gain rapid insight into important nuclear processes that underpin complex crop traits such as resistance. We have identified a large set of candidate nuclear factors that may underpin immunity to pathogens in crops.
Inflation Target Credibility: Do the Financial Markets Find the Targets Believable?
Authors: Tas Bedri Kamil Onur , Peker Mustafa Cagri 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe investigate the credibility of inflation targeting (IT) central banks (CBs) by estimating perceived inflation targets of the financial markets. We calculate financial markets’ beliefs about the inflation targets of 24 IT countries. Then, we analyse whether the financial markets’ beliefs about inflation targets match the announced targets. We conclude that the perceived upper bound of the inflation target is significantly higher than the announced one in many countries. Additionally, the perceived target band is narrower and asymmetric around the mid‐point of the target for most CBs. We examine the implications of these findings and find that IT CBs are more likely to miss their targets when the perceptions of the financial markets are higher than the announced IT targets. These results indicate that IT CBs should pay attention to the perceptions of the announced targets when implementing policy actions.
Grouped factors of the ‘SSADE: signs and symptoms accompanying dementia while eating’ and nutritional status—An analysis of older people receiving nutritional care in long‐term care facilities in Japan
Authors: Takada Kento , Tanaka Kazumi , Hasegawa Mihoko , Sugiyama Michiko , Yoshiike Nobuo 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundBehavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are very common among older people, and previous studies showed that BPSD affects eating behaviour negatively, possibly resulting in undernutrition. In a previous study, we constructed a set of 11 items based on direct observations of older people with dementia during mealtime and named them ‘SSADE: signs and symptoms accompanying dementia while eating’.AimsThis study aimed to conduct a factor analysis to clarify the structure of the set of 11 SSADE items and to analyse the relationship of the SSADE with nutritional status.MethodsWe sampled 259 older people from 14 institutional facilities in Japan. To assess the status of the SSADE, we quantified each item according to its frequency and severity, using a 5‐point scale. We also collected information regarding characteristics and nutritional status (body mass index [BMI], dietary intakes, body weight change, serum albumin level). We performed an exploratory factor analysis on the SSADE. In addition, associations between grouped factor scores and nutritional status were analysed.ResultsExploratory factor analysis indicated four factors. ‘Hypoactivity’ including ‘dietary agnosia’ and ‘drowsiness’ correlated negatively with BMI and serum albumin levels. ‘Hyperactivity’ including ‘agitation’, ‘delusion’, ‘wandering’ and ‘eating too rapidly’ correlated negatively with BMI. ‘Obsessiveness’ including ‘food refusal’ and ‘fad eating’ correlated negatively with BMI, dietary intake and body weight change. ‘Aberrant behaviours’ including ‘eating apraxia’, ‘pica’ and ‘stealing food’ correlated positively with dietary intake.ConclusionThe identified factors of the SSADE were related to nutritional status, which may suggest acceptable factorial validity.Implications for practiceWe expected the SSADE to contribute to the prevention and improvement of undernutrition, through the development of a concrete strategy for nutritional care planning by professional teams including dietitians in long‐term care facilities.
The Norm‐Diffusion Capacity of ASEAN: Evidence and Challenges
Authors: Allison‐Reumann Laura 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNorms associated with the “ASEAN Way,” namely non‐interference, respect for sovereignty, informality, and consensus, primarily reflect processes of interaction. Yet these processes have rarely been examined from the perspective of ASEAN's attempts at norm diffusion. To date, greater attention has been placed on ASEAN as a norm recipient. This article asks how and to what extent ASEAN is a norm entrepreneur both within the region and beyond. It provides examples of norm diffusion by ASEAN by offering two diffusion mechanisms – enmeshed and innocuous – and analyzes the challenges associated with norm diffusion. These mechanisms demonstrate how ASEAN diffuses norms as reflected through its normative framework and internal and external pressures.
Interactive web‐based format vs conventional brochure material for information transfer to children and parents: a randomized controlled trial regarding preoperative information
Authors: Lööf Gunilla , Liljeberg Cecilia , Eksborg Staffan , Lönnqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundInformation transfer to patients is an integral part of modern medicine. Internet‐based alternatives represent a new and attractive way for information transfer.MethodsThe study used a prospective observer‐blinded design. Children (3–12 years) and parents were instructed to get further preoperative information either through an interactive web‐based platform, the Anaesthesia‐Web, or conventional brochure material until day of outpatient surgery. On the day of surgery, children and parents were separately asked six different questions. The primary end‐point was to compare the total question score in children between the two information options (maximum score = 36). Secondary aims were the total question score for parents and the influence of age, sex, and time between the preoperative visit and day of surgery.ResultsA total of 125 children were recruited, of which 103 were included in the final analysis (the Anaesthesia‐Web group, n = 49; the brochure material group, n = 54). At the predetermined interim analysis, the total question score in children was found to be substantially higher in the Anaesthesia‐Web group than in the brochure material group (median score: 27; IQR: 16.5–33 and median score: 19.5; IQR: 11.25–27.75, respectively, P = 0.0076). The median difference in score was 6; 95% CI: 0–9. The total question score in parents was also higher in the Anaesthesia‐Web group than in the brochure material group. Increasing child age was associated with a higher total question score in both groups. Sex did not influence the total question score in the Anaesthesia‐Web group, whereas girls scored better than boys in the brochure material group.ConclusionsChildren in the age range 3–12 years of age as well as their parents do better attain preoperative information from an interactive web‐based platform compared to conventional brochure material.
ASN1‐encoded asparagine synthetase in floral organs contributes to nitrogen filling in Arabidopsis seeds
Authors: Gaufichon Laure , Marmagne Anne , Belcram Katia , Yoneyama Tadakatsu , Sakakibara Yukiko , Hase Toshiharu , Grandjean Olivier , Clément Gilles , Citerne Sylvie , Boutet‐Mercey Stéphanie , Masclaux‐Daubresse Céline , Chardon Fabien , Soulay Fabienne , Xu Xiaole , Trassaert Marion , Shakiebaei Maryam , Najihi Amina , Suzuki Akira 
Published: April 2017

SummaryDespite a general view that asparagine synthetase generates asparagine as an amino acid for long‐distance transport of nitrogen to sink organs, its role in nitrogen metabolic pathways in floral organs during seed nitrogen filling has remained undefined. We demonstrate that the onset of pollination in Arabidopsis induces selected genes for asparagine metabolism, namely ASN1 (At3g47340), GLN2 (At5g35630), GLU1 (At5g04140), AapAT2 (At5g19950), ASPGA1 (At5g08100) and ASPGB1 (At3g16150), particularly at the ovule stage (stage 0), accompanied by enhanced asparagine synthetase protein, asparagine and total amino acids. Immunolocalization confined asparagine synthetase to the vascular cells of the silique cell wall and septum, but also to the outer and inner seed integuments, demonstrating the post‐phloem transport of asparagine in these cells to developing embryos. In the asn1 mutant, aberrant embryo cell divisions in upper suspensor cell layers from globular to heart stages assign a role for nitrogen in differentiating embryos within the ovary. Induction of asparagine metabolic genes by light/dark and nitrate supports fine shifts of nitrogen metabolic pathways. In transgenic Arabidopsis expressing promoterCaMV35S::ASN1 fusion, marked metabolomics changes at stage 0, including a several‐fold increase in free asparagine, are correlated to enhanced seed nitrogen. However, specific promoterNapin2S::ASN1 expression during seed formation and a six‐fold increase in asparagine toward the desiccation stage result in wild‐type seed nitrogen, underlining that delayed accumulation of asparagine impairs the timing of its use by releasing amide and amino nitrogen. Transcript and metabolite profiles in floral organs match the carbon and nitrogen partitioning to generate energy via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, GABA shunt and phosphorylated serine synthetic pathway.
Changes in acute pulmonary vascular responsiveness to hypoxia during a progressive ascent to high altitude (5300 m)
Authors: Luks Andrew M. , Levett Denny , Martin Daniel S. , Goss Christopher H. , Mitchell Kay , Fernandez Bernadette O. , Feelisch Martin , Grocott Michael P. , Swenson Erik R. ,   the Caudwell Xtreme Everest Investigators
Published: April 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do the pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia change during progressive exposure to high altitude and can alterations in these responses be related to changes in concentrations of circulating biomarkers that affect the pulmonary circulation?

What is the main finding and its importance?
In our field study with healthy volunteers, we demonstrate changes in pulmonary artery pressure suggestive of remodelling in the pulmonary circulation, but find no changes in the acute responsiveness of the pulmonary circulation to changes in oxygenation during 2 weeks of exposure to progressive hypoxia. Pulmonary artery pressure changes were associated with changes in erythropoietin, 8‐isoprostane, nitrite and guanosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate.

We sought to determine whether changes in pulmonary artery pressure responses to hypoxia suggestive of vascular remodelling occur during progressive exposure to high altitude and whether such alterations are related to changes in concentrations of circulating biomarkers with known or suspected actions on the pulmonary vasculature during ascent. We measured tricuspid valve transvalvular pressure gradients (TVPG) in healthy volunteers breathing air at sea level (London, UK) and in hypoxic conditions simulating the inspired O2 partial pressures at two locations in Nepal, Namche Bazaar (NB, elevation 3500 m) and Everest Base Camp (EBC, elevation 5300 m). During a subsequent 13 day trek, TVPG was measured at NB and EBC while volunteers breathed air and hyperoxic or hypoxic mixtures simulating the inspired O2 partial pressures at the other locations. For each location, we determined the slope of the relationship between TVPG and arterial oxygen saturation () to estimate the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia. Mean TVPG breathing air was higher at any at EBC than at sea level or NB, but there was no change in the slope of the relationship between and TVPG between locations. Nitric oxide availability remained unchanged despite increases in oxidative stress (elevated 8‐isoprostane). Erythropoietin, pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide and interleukin‐18 levels progressively increased on ascent. Associations with TVPG were observed only with erythropoietin, 8‐isoprostane, nitrite and guanosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate. Although the increased TVPG for any given at EBC suggests that pulmonary vascular remodelling might occur during 2 weeks of progressive hypoxia, the lack of change in the slope of the relationship between TVPG and indicates that the acute pulmonary vascular responsiveness to changes in oxygenation does not vary within this time frame.
Reciprocity in international student exchange: Challenges posed by neo-colonialism and the dominance of the Western voice
Authors: Zuchowski Ines Sofia , Gopalkrishnan Narayan , King Julie , Francis Abraham 
Published: April 2017

INTRODUCTION: Internationalisation of social work education is part of a rapidly growing international tertiary education sector; one that is actively being promoted by governments and universities to support student learning and engagement and to develop global citizens. International partnership programmes form a core part of the internationalisation of social work education, and these programmes may involve inequity in the benefits to the different partners. This article critically reflects on, and explores, concepts of reciprocity and collaboration in international social work student exchanges with a specific focus on exchanges between Australia and the Asia-Pacific.METHOD: A critical lens was applied to the literature that conceptualises international student exchanges with a particular focus on reciprocity and collaboration. The concept of neo-colonialism is used to explore international student exchanges and consider ways forward; the term is used to refer to newer and more subtle forms of colonialism that are often based on linguistic or cultural domination. The discussion is further drawn out with anecdotal evidence from the authors’ own long-term engagement with international student exchange as well as an Australian government funded project “Going Places” that explores internationalisation in social work education.FINDINGS: A critical review of the literature highlights the continued dominance of the Western voice and issues of neo-colonialism as challenges to ensuring equitable processes in the internationalisation of social work education. Reciprocity is a contested concept that needs deep engagement to support transformative partnerships.CONCLUSIONS: It is argued that concepts of reciprocity, voice and collaboration have to be carefully considered in order to create transformative partnerships in international social work education.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates from Dairy Cattle and Humans in New York and Washington States Reveals Source and Geographic Associations
Authors: Carroll Laura M. , Wiedmann Martin , den Bakker Henk , Siler Julie , Warchocki Steven , Kent David , Lyalina Svetlana , Davis Margaret , Sischo William , Besser Thomas , Warnick Lorin D. , Pereira Richard V. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Salmonella enterica
can be spread from cattle to humans through direct contact with animals shedding
Salmonella
as well as through the food chain, making MDR
Salmonella
a serious threat to human health. The objective of this study was to use whole-genome sequencing to compare antimicrobial-resistant (AMR)
Salmonella enterica
serovars Typhimurium, Newport, and Dublin isolated from dairy cattle and humans in Washington State and New York State at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. A total of 90 isolates were selected for the study (37
S
. Typhimurium, 32
S
. Newport, and 21
S
. Dublin isolates). All isolates were tested for phenotypic antibiotic resistance to 12 drugs using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. AMR genes were detected in the assembled genome of each isolate using nucleotide BLAST and ARG-ANNOT. Genotypic prediction of phenotypic resistance resulted in a mean sensitivity of 97.2 and specificity of 85.2. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance was observed only in human isolates (
P
< 0.05), while resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones was observed only in 6
S
. Typhimurium isolates from humans in Washington State.
S
. Newport isolates showed a high degree of AMR profile similarity, regardless of source.
S
. Dublin isolates from New York State differed from those from Washington State based on the presence/absence of plasmid replicons, as well as phenotypic AMR susceptibility/nonsusceptibility (
P
< 0.05). The results of this study suggest that distinct factors may contribute to the emergence and dispersal of AMR
S. enterica
in humans and farm animals in different regions.

IMPORTANCE
The use of antibiotics in food-producing animals has been hypothesized to select for AMR
Salmonella enterica
and associated AMR determinants, which can be transferred to humans through different routes. Previous studies have sought to assess the degree to which AMR livestock- and human-associated
Salmonella
strains overlap, as well as the spatial distribution of
Salmonella
's associated AMR determinants, but have often been limited by the degree of resolution at which isolates can be compared. Here, a comparative genomics study of livestock- and human-associated
Salmonella
strains from different regions of the United States shows that while many AMR genes and phenotypes were confined to human isolates, overlaps between the resistomes of bovine and human-associated
Salmonella
isolates were observed on numerous occasions, particularly for
S
. Newport. We have also shown that whole-genome sequencing can be used to reliably predict phenotypic resistance across
Salmonella
isolated from bovine sources.
New Insights into PhaM-PhaC-Mediated Localization of Polyhydroxybutyrate Granules in Ralstonia eutropha H16
Authors: Bresan Stephanie , Jendrossek Dieter 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe formation and localization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules inRalstonia eutrophaare controlled by PhaM, which interacts both with the PHB synthase (PhaC) and with the bacterial nucleoid. Here, we studied the importance of proline and lysine residues of two C-terminal PAKKA motifs in PhaM for their importance in attaching PHB granules to DNA byin vitroandin vivomethods. Substitution of the lysine residues but not of the proline residues resulted in detachment of formed PHB granules from the nucleoid. Instead, formation of PHB granule clusters at polar regions of the rod-shaped cells and an unequal distribution of PHB granules to daughter cells were observed. The formation of PHB granules was studied by the expression of chromosomally anchored gene fusions of fluorescent proteins with PhaM and PhaC in different backgrounds. PhaM and PhaC fusions showed a distinct colocalization at formed PHB granules in the nucleoid region of the wild type. In aΔphaCbackground, PhaM and the catalytically inactive PhaCC319Aprotein were not able to form fluorescent foci, indicating that correct positioning requires the formation of PHB. Furthermore, time-lapse experiments revealed that PhaC and PhaM proteins detach from formed PHB granules at later stages, resulting in a nonhomogeneous population of PHB granules. This could explain why growth of individual PHB granules stops under PHB-permissive conditions at a certain size.IMPORTANCEPHB granules are storage compounds for carbon and energy in many prokaryotes. Equal distribution of accumulated PHB granules during cell division is therefore important for optimal fitness of the daughter cells. InR. eutropha, PhaM is responsible for maximal activity of PHB synthase, for initiation of PHB granule formation at discrete regions in the cells, and for association of formed PHB granules with the nucleoid. Here we found that four lysine residues of C-terminal PhaM sequence motifs are essential for association of PHB granules with the nucleoid. Furthermore, we followed PHB granule formation by time-lapse microscopy and provide evidence for aging of PHB granules that is manifested by detachment of previously PHB granule-associated PhaM and PHB synthase.
Microbial Community Structure in a Serpentine-Hosted Abiotic Gas Seepage at the Chimaera Ophiolite, Turkey
Authors: Neubeck Anna , Sun Li , Müller Bettina , Ivarsson Magnus , Hosgörmez Hakan , Özcan Dogacan , Broman Curt , Schnürer Anna 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The surface waters at the ultramafic ophiolitic outcrop in Chimaera, Turkey, are characterized by high pH values and high metal levels due to the percolation of fluids through areas of active serpentinization. We describe the influence of the liquid chemistry, mineralogy, and H
2
and CH
4
levels on the bacterial community structure in a semidry, exposed, ultramafic environment. The bacterial and archaeal community structures were monitored using Illumina sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene. At all sampling points, four phyla,
Proteobacteria
,
Actinobacteria
,
Chloroflexi
, and
Acidobacteria
, accounted for the majority of taxa. Members of the
Chloroflexi
phylum dominated low-diversity sites, whereas
Proteobacteria
dominated high-diversity sites. Methane, nitrogen, iron, and hydrogen oxidizers were detected as well as archaea and metal-resistant bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
Our study is a comprehensive microbial investigation of the Chimaera ophiolite. DNA has been extracted from 16 sites in the area and has been studied from microbial and geochemical points of view. We describe a microbial community structure that is dependent on terrestrial, serpentinization-driven abiotic H
2
, which is poorly studied due to the rarity of these environments on Earth.