bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic antibiotics and corticosteroid prescribing in palliative medicine: retrospective study
Authors: Kruger Claire , Lannon Cian , Harnett Ita , Murtagh Camilla 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate whether patients under the care of the community specialist palliative care team receiving steroids are at increased risk of infection.To identify other risk factors that predispose community palliative care patients to infection.MethodsA retrospective chart review of all patients referred to a community specialist palliative care service.Results177 adult patients were referred to the community specialist palliative care service. Corticosteroids were significantly associated with infection. 39% of patients who received an oral steroid had infection compared with 22% of those who did not receive steroids (OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.07 to 3), RR 1.78 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.9), p=0.02). Regular opioids were significantly associated with infection. 33% of patients receiving a regular opioid had an infection compared with 15% of those not receiving a regular opioid (OR 2.69 (95% CI 1.26 to 5.7), RR 2.06 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.8), p=0.008). Male gender, lung disease, diabetes and immunosuppressive therapies were associated with an increased rate of infection but were not statistically significant.ConclusionsOral corticosteroids were associated with a significantly increased infection rate in a community palliative care population. These patients could potentially benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis while receiving corticosteroids.
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell ameliorates post-stroke enterobacterial translocation through liver-gut axis
Authors: Su Xiaotao , Li Tiemei , Wang Yuge , Wei Lei , Jian Banghao , Kang Xinmei , Hu Mengyan , Li Chunyi , Wang Shisi , Lu Danli , Shen Shishi , Huang Huipeng , Liu Yuxin , Deng Xiaohui , Zhang Bingjun , Cai Wei , Lu Zhengqi 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundEnterobacterial translocation is a leading contributor to fatal infection among patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Accumulative evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) effectively ameliorates stroke outcomes. Whether MSC could inhibit post-stroke enterobacterial translocation remains elusive.MethodsPatients with AIS and healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) right after reperfusion. Enterobacterial translocation was evaluated with Stroke Dysbiosis Index and circulating endotoxin. Thickness of mucus was assessed with Alcian blue staining. Hepatic glucocorticoid (GC) metabolism was analysed with expression of HSD11B2, HSD11B1 and SRD5A1.ResultsWe report that the gut mucus layer was attenuated after the stroke leading to pronounced enterobacterial translocation. The attenuation of the gut mucus was attributed to diminished mucin production by goblet cells in response to the elevated systemic GC after cerebral ischaemia. Transferred-BM-MSC restored the mucus thickness, thus preserving gut microbiota homeostasis and preventing enterobacterial invasion. Mechanistically, the transferred-BM-MSC stationed in the liver and enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ signalling in hepatocytes. Consequently, expression of HSD11B2 and SRD5A1 was increased while HSD11B1 expression was downregulated which promoted GC catabolism and subsequently restored mucin production.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that MSC transfer improves post-stroke gut barrier integrity and inhibits enterobacterial translocation by enhancing the hepatic GC metabolism thus representing a protective modulator of the liver-gut-brain axis in AIS.
Engineered Gate-Based Nanoscaled JK Flip-Flop: Design, Simulation and Applications
Authors: Chadha Dev , Khan Anam , Alkhammash Hend I. , Loan Sajad A 
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we design and simulate a novel, highly compact and power-efficient silicon-based JK flip-flop (JKFF) employing an engineered gate technique, for the first time. Herein, the pull-down and the pull-up paths used to realize the JKFF have been realized by 4 and 2 engineered gate transistors, respectively (total six), whereas 8 pull-ups and 8 pull-down (total 16) transistors are used to realize the JK flip-flip in the conventional MOS technology. Two-dimensional (2D) calibrated mixed-mode simulations have revealed substantial improvement in various performance measuring parameters of the proposed JK flip-flop. The proposed technique has resulted in a significant reduction of 62.5% in transistor count, [Formula: see text]9.12% in power consumption, 2.5% decrease in delay and 11.38% in power delay product in comparison to the conventional JKFF realization. Further, the proposed gate-engineered JKFF has been used to realize highly compact D and T flip-flops. It has been observed that a 55.5% and 62.5% decrease in transistor count have been achieved in comparison to the conventional MOS-based JKFF realization of D and T flip-flops, respectively. A significant improvement in power consumption, delay, and power delay products has been achieved in the proposed D and T flip-flops in comparison to the conventional JKFF-based D and T flips. It has been observed that notably, the versatility of this approach allows for straightforward adaptation to realize various other sequential and combinational circuits. Besides, the process flow for the fabrication of the proposed engineered gate transistors for realizing the JKFF, D and T flip-flops has also been given.
Oncology Combination Drug Development Strategies for Project Optimus
Authors: Yap Timothy A. , Bullock Julie , Chong Susan , Doyle Megan K. , Hussain Azher , Kline Jackie , Manon Amandine , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Upreti Vijay V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Project Optimus initiative from the FDA introduced a new dose optimization and selection paradigm in oncology drug development. The FDA has outlined approaches to dose optimization for single agents, but multiple oncology drugs are being developed for use in combination with other therapies. Dose optimization in the context of combination drug development is complex and requires a case-by-case approach. It necessitates commitment to the totality of available evidence, leveraging all relevant data on mechanism of action, nonclinical and clinical pharmacology, safety, and principles of model-informed drug development. In this article, we outline key considerations for sponsors and investigators pursuing dose optimization with combinatorial regimens. We illustrate important strategies for dose optimization in the combination setting using a range of hypothetical case examples that represent typical drug development scenarios. Close discussions and collaboration with regulators regarding the optimal approaches to these scenarios will continue to be critical.
The Epigenetic Hallmarks of Cancer
Authors: Esteller Manel , Dawson Mark A. , Kadoch Cigall , Rassool Feyruz V. , Jones Peter A. , Baylin Stephen B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease in which several molecular and cellular pathways converge to foster the tumoral phenotype. Notably, in the latest iteration of the cancer hallmarks, “nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming” was newly added. However, epigenetics, much like genetics, is a broad scientific area that deserves further attention due to its multiple roles in cancer initiation, progression, and adaptive nature. Herein, we present a detailed examination of the epigenetic hallmarks affected in human cancer, elucidating the pathways and genes involved, and dissecting the disrupted landscapes for DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin architecture that define the disease.
Significance: Cancer is a disease characterized by constant evolution, spanning from its initial premalignant stages to the advanced invasive and disseminated stages. It is a pathology that is able to adapt and survive amidst hostile cellular microenvironments and diverse treatments implemented by medical professionals. The more fixed setup of the genetic structure cannot fully provide transformed cells with the tools to survive but the rapid and plastic nature of epigenetic changes is ready for the task. This review summarizes the epigenetic hallmarks that define the ecological success of cancer cells in our bodies.
Ironing Out the Kinks: Arming Natural Killer Cells against Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Bell Hannah Noelle , Zou Weiping 
Published: October 2024

Summary:Ameliorating the tumor immune microenvironment is a key strategy to improve the therapeutic outcomes of patients with cancer. Sandoval and colleagues demonstrate that iron chelation enhances type I IFN production, promotes NK cell tumor trafficking and activation, and synergizes with chemotherapy drug cisplatin to reduce metastatic ovarian cancer progression in murine models.See related article by Sandoval et al., p. 1901
Cancer Genomes Sometimes Take the Longest Evolutionary Road
Authors: Taylor Alison M. 
Published: October 2024

Summary:Baker and colleagues developed a new algorithm called “Gain Route Identification and Timing In Cancer” (GRITIC) to uncover the path of chromosomal evolution in a tumor, particularly in the context of whole-genome duplication. Their approach found that tumors with genome doubling frequently take an indirect path from one copy number state to another. In addition, the timing of genome doubling within a tumor’s evolution impacts its consequences on downstream chromosomal instability.See related article by Baker et al., p. 1810
A New Era of Data-Driven Cancer Research and Care: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Gomez Felicia , Danos Arpad M. , Del Fiol Guilherme , Madabhushi Anant , Tiwari Pallavi , McMichael Joshua F. , Bakas Spyridon , Bian Jiang , Davatzikos Christos , Fertig Elana J. , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Kenney Johanna , Savova Guergana K. , Yetisgen Meliha , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Warner Jeremy L. , Prior Fred , Griffith Malachi , Griffith Obi L. 
Published: October 2024

Summary:
People diagnosed with cancer and their formal and informal caregivers are increasingly faced with a deluge of complex information, thanks to rapid advancements in the type and volume of diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment data. This commentary discusses the opportunities and challenges that the society faces as we integrate large volumes of data into regular cancer care.
Neural Semantic Parsing with Extremely Rich Symbolic Meaning Representations
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Bouma Gosse , Bos Johan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Current open-domain neural semantics parsers show impressive performance. However, closer inspection of the symbolic meaning representations they produce reveals significant weaknesses: Sometimes they tend to merely copy character sequences from the source text to form symbolic concepts, defaulting to the most frequent word sense based in the training distribution. By leveraging the hierarchical structure of a lexical ontology, we introduce a novel compositional symbolic representation for concepts based on their position in the taxonomical hierarchy. This representation provides richer semantic information and enhances interpretability. We introduce a neural “taxonomical” semantic parser to utilize this new representation system of predicates, and compare it with a standard neural semantic parser trained on the traditional meaning representation format, employing a novel challenge set and evaluation metric for evaluation. Our experimental findings demonstrate that the taxonomical model, trained on much richer and complex meaning representations, is slightly subordinate in performance to the traditional model using the standard metrics for evaluation, but outperforms it when dealing with out-of-vocabulary concepts. We further show through neural model probing that training on a taxonomic representation enhances the model’s ability to learn the taxonomical hierarchy. This finding is encouraging for research in computational semantics that aims to combine data-driven distributional meanings with knowledge-based symbolic representations.
ReMiND: Recovery of missing neuroimaging using diffusion models with application to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yuan Chenxi , Duan Jinhao , Xu Kaidi , Tustison Nicholas J. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Linn Kristin A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Missing data is a significant challenge in medical research. In longitudinal studies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) where structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is collected from individuals at multiple time points, participants may miss a study visit or drop out. Additionally, technical issues such as participant motion in the scanner may result in unusable imaging data at designated visits. Such missing data may hinder the development of high-quality imaging-based biomarkers. To address the problem of missing MRI data in studies of AD, we introduced a novel 3D diffusion model specifically designed for imputing missing structural MRI (Recovery of Missing Neuroimaging using Diffusion models (ReMiND)). The model generates a whole-brain image conditional on a single structural MRI observed at a past visit or conditional on one past and one future observed structural MRI relative to the missing observation. The performance of models was compared with two alternative imputation approaches: forward filling and image generation using variational autoencoders. Experimental results show that our method can generate 3D structural MRI with high similarity to ground-truth images at designated visits. Furthermore, images generated using ReMiND show relatively lower differences in volume estimation between the imputed and observed images compared to images generated by forward filling or autoencoders. Additionally, ReMiND provides more accurate estimated rates of atrophy over time in important anatomical brain regions than the two comparator methods. Our 3D diffusion model can impute missing structural MRI data at a single designated visit and outperforms alternative methods for imputing whole-brain images that are missing from longitudinal trajectories.
Philip Mallory Jones’s Electronic Consciousness in Afrodiasporic Video
Authors: Kim Liz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Philip Mallory Jones’s “videomation” was an early video image processing technique of the 1970s that superimposed multiple forms of image-making to convey the aesthetics of Afrodiasporic rhythms. While videomation’s application in Jones’s collaboration with Gunilla Mallory Jones in Beyond the Mountains, More Mountains (1975) expressed a disillusionment that tested the limits of Afrodiasporic connections between the United States and Haiti, he later refined this technique through splicing and weaving of visual polyrhythms in his collaboration with the Burkinabe media pioneer Moustapha Thiombiano, Wassa (1989), as an expression of double consciousness.
Carlos Trilnick: An Argentine Electronic Image-Processing Pioneer
Authors: Cantú Mariela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The author analyzes three 1980s video works by Argentinian pioneer artist Carlos Trilnick (1957–2020), whose insubordinate interventions with image-processing tools served the purpose of a reflection upon time, challenging traditional narratives of sequentiality, segmentation, and cause-effect linearity. These video works display a virtuous interconnection of art and technology, built upon a solid politica perspective on audiovisual representation, art history, and territorial disputes. Acknowledging the work of this artist contributes to the expansion of global dialogues about the use of image-processing tools, incorporating Latin America into traditional narratives dominated by Europe-U.S. exchanges.
Raster Manipulations
Authors: Gyenes Zsolt 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nam June Paik’s artistic experiments, especially the distortion of the electronic image with magnets, from which he started, provide the author a defining example and reference point for his audiovisual work. The possible combinations of analog and digital techniques open up new doors for contemporary media artists. In this artistic statement the author describes some of his own experimental works of art in the hopes of stimulating a discourse on experimentation and innovation.
The disruption index is biased by citation inflation
Authors: Petersen Alexander Michael , Arroyave Felber , Pammolli Fabio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A recent analysis of scientific publication and patent citation networks by Park et al. (Nature, 2023) suggests that publications and patents are becoming less disruptive over time. Here we show that the reported decrease in disruptiveness is an artifact of systematic shifts in the structure of citation networks unrelated to innovation system capacity. Instead, the decline is attributable to “citation inflation,” an unavoidable characteristic of real citation networks that manifests as a systematic time-dependent bias and renders cross-temporal analysis challenging. One driver of citation inflation is the ever-increasing lengths of reference lists over time, which in turn increases the density of links in citation networks, and causes the disruption index to converge to 0. The impact of this systematic bias further stymies efforts to correlate disruption to other measures that are also time dependent, such as team size and citation counts. In order to demonstrate this fundamental measurement problem, we present three complementary lines of critique (deductive, empirical and computational modeling), and also make available an ensemble of synthetic citation networks that can be used to test alternative citation-based indices for systematic bias.
A Study on the Aesthetic Mechanism and Pathways of the Empowerment of Art and Fashion on the Rural Area’s Development of China
Authors: Zhang Junzhe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the in-depth implementation of the Chinese rural revitalization strategy, the integration of art and fashion elements has brought new vitality and development momentum to rural areas. Based on the theory of aesthetic needs and cultural empowerment and community participation, this paper proposes specific mechanisms about how to enhance environmental aesthetics, form cultural identity, and community participation and also how to increase tourism attraction through art fashion. This paper analyzes the main challenges encountered in the implementation of art fashion empowerment, including the unbalanced allocation of resources, the adaptability of cultural differences, the balance between sustainability and economic benefits, and the lack of education and training. Based on this, the paper puts forward an effective path to realize the rural action of art fashion empowerment, including the combination of comprehensive art and local characteristics, the support of policies and funds, the continuous promotion of community education and the innovation of cross-field cooperation. By integrating arts and local characteristics, strengthening policy and financial support, building education systems, and promoting cross-sectoral cooperation, we can inject lasting vitality into rural revitalization. This paper deeply analyzes the application of art fashion in rural areas and its positive impact, aiming at providing a new perspective and practical path for rural revitalization, making it an important force to promote the overall development of rural areas.
COVID-19 Racism and American Chinese Restaurants 2019–2022
Authors: Banh Jenny 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chinese restaurants in the US are symbolic “canaries in the coalmine,” indicating widespread anti-Asian hate by attracting negative reactions from the American community but also inspiring love and resistance from the Asian American community. This study examines the relationship between the number of American Chinese restaurant closures, lowered revenue, and the incidence of anti-Asian American hate crimes in the US during the 2019–2022 period. During the pandemic, many American Chinese restaurants lost revenue or closed down. The findings of this study suggest that hatred directed at Chinese American restaurants historically and because of COVID-19 correlates with the incidence of anti-Asian hate crimes. Chinese Americans and Asian Americans are fighting back against this xenophobia via social media campaigns urging consumers to support Chinese restaurants and Chinatowns economically and socially. The vacillating reception of Chinese restaurants in the US shows how culture and consumption are intimately interrelated with society.
The Use of History in American Military Doctrine
Authors: Griffin Christopher 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
American military forces have been working on a major doctrinal change since the middle of the last decade to move away from counterinsurgency and toward large-scale conventional warfare. The introduction of the concept of Multi-Dimensional Operations (MDO) to fight peer competitors has been accompanied by extensive historical studies of previous conventional campaigns. This article looks at the lessons learned from one of the main recent collections of historical cases, the Army’s Large-Scale Combat Operations (LSCO) Series. The book series contains a large number of cases of major conventional war from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, and demonstrates a clear break with doctrine and historical interpretation developed in Iraq and in Afghanistan. Two sets of historical cases from the LSCO series were chosen for this study, the analyses of the October 1973 War and of the Soviet experience in World War II. These were also two of the main cases that were used in the 1970s and 1980s to help develop AirLand Battle doctrine after Vietnam. The article examines the lessons learned from both of the cases in the LSCO Series and compares those to earlier lessons learned about the same cases in the 1970s and 1980s. In this way, it also finds that the U.S. Army believes that AirLand Battle doctrine continues to be relevant today from a historical standpoint of lessons learned.
Split Incentives in Emerging Countries
Authors: Sandovalⓡ Hector H. , Hancevicⓡ Pedro I. 
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we provide empirical evidence of the energy-efficiency gap between homeowners and renters and quantify the magnitude of the split incentives problem in an emerging economy by studying Mexican households. Using micro-level data from the first National Survey on Energy Consumption in Private Homes (ENCEVI-2018) and a regression framework, we show that underinvestment problems occur in multiple categories of residential energy efficiency. Concretely, our results show that renters have significantly less insulation and energy-efficient equipment, that they tend to use some of their equipment more frequently, and that they pay higher utility bills than homeowners. In addition, renters are less aware of government programs that can reduce their energy expenditure and are also less likely to take advantage of them. Finally, a substantial reduction in carbon emissions could be achieved if renters were equally energy efficient as homeowners. JEL classification: D12; Q15; Q40; Q53
Daily Episodic and Continuous Arbitrage Trading With Electric Batteries
Authors: Hou Shujin , Bunn Derek 
Published: October 2024

The business models for the operation of battery storage systems often depend substantially upon the revenues from arbitrage in the daily electricity wholesale market. Other revenue streams can be attractive, but even with them, wholesale market arbitrage is often used as the benchmark. There can be various trading policies for wholesale market arbitrage and this paper provides a comparison of three main variations. These are: day-ahead spread trading, day-ahead trading with look-ahead and intra-day continuously trading with look-ahead. The example is from the GB electricity market in which wind and solar generation as well as demand forecasts are used to forecast electricity prices. The results of the back-testing indicate the comparative attractiveness of day-ahead spread trading in terms of risk and return performance. JEL Classification: Q28