bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAN‐Supported Chemoselective Oxidative Conversion of α‐Aroylketene‐(S,S)‐acetals to Aryl Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Babu Seenivasagaperumal Sriram , Shanmugam Sivakumar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChemoselective oxidative conversion of α‐aroylketene‐(S,S)‐acetals to aryl carboxylic acids in the presence of Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) has been achieved under mild reaction condition. The internal nitrate ligand present in CAN acted as an oxidant and favored selective conversion of α‐aroylketene‐(S,S)‐acetals to aryl acid. α‐Hydrogen is necessary to initiate radical by Ce(IV) via α‐C‐H bond cleavage. The current synthetic strategy is compatible for various aromatic groups under mild conditions. The method is appropriate for electron rich as well as deficient α,β‐unsaturated system.
Handschweißen ist out – Moderne, vollautomatische Stahlbaufertigung
Authors: Geraerds Justin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDas niederländische Unternehmen Kranendonk hat mit seiner vollautomatischen Fertigungsanlage „Beam Assembly Line” eine Roboteranlage entwickelt, welche Stahlträger nicht nur in Serienfertigung zusammenbaut, sondern auch Einzelfertigungen effizient und wirtschaftlich rentabel macht. Die selbstständige Fördermethode, eine intelligente Sensortechnik und 3D‐Kameras gekoppelt mit einer Software, die nicht mehr programmiert werden muss, sorgen bei der Anlage für rasant schnelle, profimäßig zusammengebaute Stahlträger.
Zukunft Robotik – Automatisierungspotentiale im Stahl‐ und Metallleichtbau
Authors: Brell‐Cokcan Sigrid , Lublasser Elisa , Haarhoff Daniel , Kuhnhenne Markus , Feldmann Markus , Pyschny Dominik 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDie Baubranche ist aufgrund zunehmender volatiler Märkte und steigender Anforderungen besonderen Wandlungsanforderungen ausgesetzt. Dies betrifft auch den Stahlbau. Wenn über Forschung und Entwicklung gesprochen wird, dann dürfen neben innovativen Bauprodukten und modernen Bemessungskonzepten Fertigung und Montage nicht vergessen werden. Insbesondere müssen die maschinelle Unterstützung in der Produktion intelligenter und flexibler gestaltet und manuelle Bautätigkeiten sicherer und zuverlässiger durchgeführt werden. Aus diesem Grund finden Entwicklungen in Automatisierung und Robotik immer häufiger Anwendung, wobei der Schwerpunkt zurzeit noch im Bereich der Vorfertigung liegt. Die Digitalisierung wird darüber hinaus unsere zukünftige Arbeitswelt nachhaltig beeinflussen und verändern. Diese und weitere Faktoren resultieren daher in der Forderung, neue technische Visionen zum Bauen und Produzieren der Zukunft zu entwickeln.
Ausstanzen von Verbunddübelleisten im gerissenen Beton
Authors: Classen Martin , Hegger Josef 
Published: March 2017

AbstractExperimentelle Untersuchungen aus der Literatur zeigen, dass die Schubtragfähigkeit von Verbunddübelleisten mit Ausstanzversagen durch Querrisse im Betongurt vermindert wird. Bisher sind allerdings weder die hierbei auftretenden Tragmechanismen geklärt noch wird der Querrisseinfluss in den einschlägigen Bemessungsmodellen für Verbunddübelleisten berücksichtigt. Daher werden im vorliegenden Beitrag 38 Abscherversuche im gerissenen Beton vorgestellt, die neue Erkenntnisse über das Schubtragverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten mit Ausstanzversagen im gerissenen Beton liefern. Die Versuche wurden in einem neuartigen Versuchstand durchgeführt, der eine gezielte Untersuchung der Einflüsse Rissabstand und Rissbreite ermöglicht. Anhand der Versuchsergebnisse werden die auftretenden Tragmechanismen analysiert und die Phänomenologie des Ausstanzens im gerissenen Beton erläutert. Alle hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen wurden im Rahmen von [1] durchgeführt.
Bridging views in cinema: a review of the art and science of view integration
Authors: Levin Daniel T. , Baker Lewis J. 
Published: March 2017

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the relationship between film and cognitive science. This is reflected in a new science of cinema that can help us both to understand this art form, and to produce new insights about cognition and perception. In this review, we begin by describing how the initial development of cinema involved close observation of audience response. This allowed filmmakers to develop an informal theory of visual cognition that helped them to isolate and creatively recombine fundamental elements of visual experience. We review research exploring naturalistic forms of visual perception and cognition that have opened the door to a productive convergence between the dynamic visual art of cinema and science of visual cognition that can enrich both. In particular, we discuss how parallel understandings of view integration in cinema and in cognitive science have been converging to support a new understanding of meaningful visual experience. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1436. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1436This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Attention
Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Neuroscience > Cognition
Primary Surgery for Malignant Large Bowel Obstruction: Postoperative Nasogastric Tube Reinsertion is Not Mandatory
Authors: Venara A. , Barbieux J. , Colas P. A. , Le Fouler A. , Lermite E. , Hamy A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundMalignant large bowel obstructions frequently require emergency surgery. Compliance with enhanced recovery after surgery programmes is significantly reduced due to non‐removal of the nasogastric tube in the postoperative period. The first aim of the present study was to research factors associated with the failure of immediate nasogastric tube removal in patients who had undergone emergency surgery for malignant large bowel obstruction. The second aim was to assess the morbidity linked to nasogastric tube reinsertion.MethodsThis retrospective and monocentric study included all consecutive patients admitted for acute malignant large bowel obstruction who underwent emergency surgery. Patients who were not primarily operated on were excluded (n = 178; 69.3%). The group of patients requiring nasogastric tube (NGT) reinsertion was compared with the group that did not require NGT reinsertion.ResultsSeventy‐nine patients underwent emergency surgery, of which 18 (22.8%) required nasogastric tube reinsertion. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to (a) immediate nasogastric tube removal (p = 0.87) and (b) inclusion in an enhanced recovery programme (p = 0.75). However, preoperative small bowel dilatation was associated with a reduction in the need for NGT reinsertion (p = 0.04). A left‐sided tumour was also associated with the need for NGT reinsertion in uni‐ (p = 0.034) and multivariate analysis (OR = 8; p < 0.05). Surgical access and procedure were not significantly associated with NGT reinsertion. The postoperative course influenced NGT reinsertion, which was significantly associated with postoperative ileus (OR = 4; p < 0.05) and postoperative morbidity (OR = 4; p < 0.05). Morbidity was not linked to nasogastric tube removal.ConclusionNasogastric tube reinsertion was not affected by immediate removal of the tube. Left‐sided tumours and patients at risk of postoperative ileus should be managed with caution. Immediate nasogastric tube removal is not contraindicated in the case of large bowel obstruction because it is not associated with a higher risk of NGT reinsertion.
Multiplicité des trajectoires fermées de systèmes hamiltoniens connexes
Authors: Ekeland I. , Lassoued L. 
Published: March 2017

We show that, if

n ≧ 3

, every Hamiltonian system with

n

degrees of freedom has at least two closed trajectories on every convex and compact energy level.

Résumé

On montre que, si

n≧ 3

, tout système hamiltonien à

n

degrés de liberté possède au moins deux trajectoires fermées sur chaque niveau d’énergie convexe et compact.
Fibres dynamiques asymptotiquement compacts exposants de Lyapounov. Entropie. Dimension
Authors: Thieullen P. 
Published: March 2017

This paper is divided in tow parts. In the first, we prove an abstract Oseledec’s theorem [OS] in infinite dimension (a spectral theorem for random linear transformation products: construction of Lyapounov exponents and stable associated bundles). The second part is an application of this theorem in a differentiable frame:

E

is a Banach space,

U

an open set of

E

,

ϕ: U → E

a

C^1

map,

K ⊂ E

a compact set such that

ϕ(K) ⊂ K

, and

μ

a

ϕ

-invariant probability on the Borel sets of

K

. Using some compactness assumptions, we prove the estimation from above of entropy of such map

ϕ

though the sum of its positive Lyapounov exponents. We also give the proof of the inequality

\dim_c (μ) ≦\dim_L(μ)

between the two dimensions: capacity dimension and Lyapounov dimension. The interest of these two different notions of dimension appears for example in the study of strange attractors as shown by Ruelle and Eckmann in [RE].

Résumé

Cet article se compose de deux parties. La première partie démontre un théorème abstrait d’Oseledec [OS] en dimension infinie, améliorant celui de Mañé [MA] (théorème spectral pour les produits d’opérateurs linéaires aléatoires dans un espace de Banach E : construction des exposants de Lyapounov et des sous-espaces stables associés). La deuxième partie est une application de ce théorème dans le cadre différentiel suivant :

U

est un ouyert de

E

,

ϕ: U → E

est de classe

C^1

, laisse stable un compact

ϕ(K) ⊂ K

, et préserve une mesure de probabilité

μ

définie sur les boréliens de

K

. Sous certaines hypothèses de compacité asymptotique sur la suite

(D_xϕ^n)_{n ≧ 0}

, on démontre l’inégalité entropique de Ruelle (majoration de l’entropie de par la somme des exposants de Lyapounov positifs), ainsi que la majoration de la dimension capacitaire de

μ

par la dimension de Lyapounov du fibré. L’intérêt de ces différentes notions de dimension apparaît par exemple dans l’étude des attracteurs étranges comme l’ont montré Ruelle et Eckmann dans l’article [RE].
Rotorcraft control response using linearised and non-linear flight dynamic models with different inflow models
Authors: Sakthivel T. , Venkatesan C. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study is to develop a relatively simple flight dynamic model which should have the ability to analyse trim, stability and response characteristics of a rotorcraft under various manoeuvring conditions. This study further addresses the influence of numerical aspects of perturbation step size in linearised model identification and integration timestep on non-linear model response. In addition, the effects of inflow models on the non-linear response are analysed. A new updated Drees inflow model is proposed in this study and the applicability of this model in rotorcraft flight dynamics is studied. It is noted that the updated Drees inflow model predicts the control response characteristics fairly close to control response characteristics obtained using dynamic inflow for a wide range of flight conditions such as hover, forward flight and recovery from steady level turn. A comparison is shown between flight test data, the control response obtained from the simple flight dynamic model, and the response obtained using a more detailed aeroelastic and flight dynamic model.
Norms, Power, and the Socially Embedded Realities of Market Taxation in Northern Ghana
Authors: Prichard Wilson , van den Boogaard Vanessa 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:This article provides a ground-level view of market taxation in two local government areas in Ghana’s relatively disadvantaged northern region. It describes a system shaped by informal practices that are grounded in social relationships and collective norms, which sometimes foster greater equity and in other cases serve to reinforce existing inequalities. The evidence suggests the need for a more nuanced understanding of the highly informal and socially embedded realities of local tax collection, and the possibility that improved outcomes could be achieved by “working with the grain” of these inescapable local realities, while seeking to minimize potential costs of informality.
Hospital Impact After a Chemical Spill That Compromised the Potable Water Supply: West Virginia, January 2014
Authors: Hsu Joy , del Rosario Maria C. , Thomasson Erica , Bixler Danae , Haddy Loretta , Duncan Mary Anne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn January 2014, a chemical spill of 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol and propylene glycol phenyl ethers contaminated the potable water supply of approximately 300,000 West Virginia residents. To understand the spill’s impact on hospital operations, we surveyed representatives from 10 hospitals in the affected area during January 2014. We found that the spill-related loss of potable water affected many aspects of hospital patient care (eg, surgery, endoscopy, hemodialysis, and infection control of Clostridium difficile). Hospital emergency preparedness planning could be enhanced by specifying alternative sources of potable water sufficient for hemodialysis, C. difficile infection control, and hospital processing and cleaning needs (in addition to drinking water). (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:621–624)
Intervention to Reduce Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics and Treatment Durations Prescribed at the Time of Hospital Discharge: A Novel Stewardship Approach
Authors: Yogo Norihiro , Shihadeh Katherine , Young Heather , Calcaterra Susan L. , Knepper Bryan C. , Burman William J. , Mehler Philip S. , Jenkins Timothy C. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVEFor most common infections requiring hospitalization, antibiotic treatment is completed after hospital discharge. Postdischarge therapy is often unnecessarily broad spectrum and prolonged. We developed an intervention to improve antibiotic selection and shorten treatment durations.DESIGNSingle center, quasi-experimental retrospective cohort studyMETHODSPatients prescribed oral antibiotics at hospital discharge before (July 2012–June 2013) and after (October 2014–February 2015) an intervention consisting of (1) institutional guidance for oral step-down antibiotic selection and duration of therapy and (2) pharmacy audit of discharge prescriptions with real-time prescribing recommendations to providers. The primary outcomes measured were total prescribed duration of therapy and use of antibiotics with broad gram-negative activity (ie, fluoroquinolones or amoxicillin-clavulanate).RESULTSOverall, 300 cases from the preintervention period and 200 cases from the intervention period were included. Compared with the preintervention period, the use of antibiotics with broad gram-negative activity decreased during the intervention (51% vs 40%; P=.02), particularly fluoroquinolones (38% vs 25%; P=.002). The total duration of therapy decreased from a median of 10 days (interquartile range [IQR], 7–13 days) to 9 days (IQR, 6–13 days) but did not reach statistical significance (P=.13). However, the duration prescribed at discharge declined from 6 days (IQR, 4–10 days) to 5 days (IQR, 3–7 days) (P=.003). During the intervention, there was a nonsignificant increase in the overall appropriateness of discharge prescriptions from 52% to 66% (P=.15).CONCLUSIONSA multifaceted intervention to optimize antibiotic prescribing at hospital discharge was associated with less frequent use of antibiotics with broad gram-negative activity and shorter postdischarge treatment durations.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:534–541
Ebola Preparedness Resources for Acute-Care Hospitals in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study of Costs, Benefits, and Challenges
Authors: Smit Michael A. , Rasinski Kenneth A. , Braun Barbara I. , Kusek Linda L. , Milstone Aaron M. , Morgan Daniel J. , Mermel Leonard A. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVETo assess resource allocation and costs associated with US hospitals preparing for the possible spread of the 2014–2015 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in the United States.METHODSA survey was sent to a stratified national probability sample (n=750) of US general medical/surgical hospitals selected from the American Hospital Association (AHA) list of hospitals. The survey was also sent to all children’s general hospitals listed by the AHA (n=60). The survey assessed EVD preparation supply costs and overtime staff hours. The average national wage was multiplied by labor hours to calculate overtime labor costs. Additional information collected included challenges, benefits, and perceived value of EVD preparedness activities.RESULTSThe average amount spent by hospitals on combined supply and overtime labor costs was $80,461 (n=133; 95% confidence interval [CI], $56,502–$104,419). Multivariate analysis indicated that small hospitals (mean, $76,167) spent more on staff overtime costs per 100 beds than large hospitals (mean, $15,737; P<.0001). The overall cost for acute-care hospitals in the United States to prepare for possible EVD cases was estimated to be $361,108,968. The leading challenge was difficulty obtaining supplies from vendors due to shortages (83%; 95% CI, 78%–88%) and the greatest benefit was improved knowledge about personal protective equipment (89%; 95% CI, 85%–93%).CONCLUSIONSThe financial impact of EVD preparedness activities was substantial. Overtime cost in smaller hospitals was >3 times that in larger hospitals. Planning for emerging infectious disease identification, triage, and management should be conducted at regional and national levels in the United States to facilitate efficient and appropriate allocation of resources in acute-care facilities.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:405–410
Quantifying supraglacial meltwater pathways in the Paakitsoq region, West Greenland
Authors: KOZIOL CONRAD , ARNOLD NEIL , POPE ALLEN , COLGAN WILLIAM 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIncreased summer ice velocities on the Greenland ice sheet are driven by meltwater input to the subglacial environment. However, spatial patterns of surface input and partitioning of meltwater between different pathways to the base remain poorly understood. To further our understanding of surface drainage, we apply a supraglacial hydrology model to the Paakitsoq region, West Greenland for three contrasting melt seasons. During an average melt season, crevasses drain ~47% of surface runoff, lake hydrofracture drains ~3% during the hydrofracturing events themselves, while the subsequent surface-to-bed connections drain ~21% and moulins outside of lake basins drain ~15%. Lake hydrofracture forms the primary drainage pathway at higher elevations (above ~850 m) while crevasses drain a significant proportion of meltwater at lower elevations. During the two higher intensity melt seasons, model results show an increase (~5 and ~6% of total surface runoff) in the proportion of runoff drained above ~1300 m relative to the melt season of average intensity. The potential for interannual changes in meltwater partitioning could have implications for how the dynamics of the ice sheet respond to ongoing changes in meltwater production.
Lunatic Asylum in the Workhouse: St Peter’s Hospital, Bristol, 1698–1861
Authors: Smith Leonard 
Published: March 2017

In recent years there has been growing acknowledgement of the place of workhouses within the range of institutional provision for mentally disordered people in nineteenth-century England. This article explores the situation in Bristol, where an entrenched workhouse-based model was retained for an extended period in the face of mounting external ideological and political pressures to provide a proper lunatic asylum. It signified a contest between the modernising, reformist inclinations of central state agencies and local bodies seeking to retain their freedom of action. The conflict exposed contrasting conceptions regarding the nature of services to which the insane poor were entitled.Bristol pioneered establishment of a central workhouse under the old Poor Law; ‘St Peter’s Hospital’ was opened in 1698. As a multi-purpose welfare institution its clientele included ‘lunatics’ and ‘idiots’, for whom there was specific accommodation from before the 1760s. Despite an unhealthy city centre location and crowded, dilapidated buildings, the enterprising Bristol authorities secured St Peter’s Hospital’s designation as a county lunatic asylum in 1823. Its many deficiencies brought condemnation in the national survey of provision for the insane in 1844. In the period following the key lunacy legislation of 1845, the Home Office and Commissioners in Lunacy demanded the replacement of the putative lunatic asylum within Bristol’s workhouse by a new borough asylum outside the city. The Bristol authorities resisted stoutly for several years, but were eventually forced to succumb and adopt the prescribed model of institutional care for the pauper insane.
Superluminous Supernovae at High Redshift
Authors: Abbott Tim , Cooke Jeff , Curtin Chris , Joudaki Shahab , Katsianis Antonios , Koekemoer Anton , Mould Jeremy , Tescari Edoardo , Uddin Syed , Wang Lifan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSuperluminous supernovae are beginning to be discovered at redshifts as early as the epoch of reionisation. A number of candidate mechanisms is reviewed, together with the discovery programmes.
Fluxgate Gradiometry Survey at North Leigh Roman Villa, Oxfordshire
Authors: Creighton John , Allen Martyn 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTNorth Leigh Roman villa ranks as one of the largest known courtyard villas of Roman Britain.1Situated just above the floodplain of the river Evenlode, which loops around the site, the villa liesc.2 miles north of North Leigh village and 10 miles west of Oxford (SP 397 154). The building developed within the Late Iron Age earthwork complex of the North Oxfordshire Grim's Ditch, a discontinuous bank and ditch which partly encloses a 22-square mile area of this landscape.2The villa is under English Heritage guardianship (Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 334573) and a programme of geophysical survey was conducted at their request to assist in management of the site.3
A Hitherto Unrecognised Cornovian on a Roman Military Diploma (RMDI, 35)
Authors: Dana Dan 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA military diploma of 2 Julya.d. 133 (RMDI, 35), first discovered in 1960 but published several times since, has provoked a debate concerning the origin of the discharged soldier, with commentators proposing eitherCoriniumin Britain or theCornacatesin Lower Pannonia. The new reading presented here suggests that the soldier was actually Cornovian, allowing a reassessment of the recruitment ofBrittonesin the Romanauxilia.
Pharmaceuticalisation and the social management of sleep in old age
Authors: PEGADO ELSA , LOPES NOÉMIA , ZÓZIMO JOANA 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses sleep as a social phenomenon, analysing it in the older population within the frame of a growing pharmaceuticalisation of conditions associated with old age. Two analytical dimensions are privileged: one pertains to patterns of sleep in old age, showing these patterns to be socially differentiated; while another has to do with the subjective experience of sleep, particularly in terms of the social meanings attributed to sleep as well as the strategies employed to manage it. These strategies may be therapeutic or non-therapeutic, as an expression of different rationales favouring or resisting the pharmaceuticalisation of sleep. This analysis is empirically based on data from a research project on the consumption of psychopharmaceuticals among the older population, in an urban context in Portugal. The research methodology followed a mixed-methods approach: a survey was deployed to a sample of individuals aged 65 years and over (N = 414); and life history interviews were conducted with a number of respondents (N = 30) from the previous survey. Both techniques included individuals with physical and cognitive autonomy, living at home or in institutional settings. The results reveal a considerable social adherence to the use of pharmaceuticals to manage sleep problems, although consumption practices are socially differentiated in terms of gender, age and living contexts. They also reveal the use of non-therapeutic strategies, stemming from a resistance to the pharmaceuticalisation of sleep.