bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical Activation Patterns Correlate with Speech Understanding After Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Olds Cristen , Pollonini Luca , Abaya Homer , Larky Jannine , Loy Megan , Bortfeld Heather , Beauchamp Michael S. , Oghalai John S. 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
Cochlear implants are a standard therapy for deafness, yet the ability of implanted patients to understand speech varies widely. To better understand this variability in outcomes, the authors used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to image activity within regions of the auditory cortex and compare the results to behavioral measures of speech perception.

Design:
The authors studied 32 deaf adults hearing through cochlear implants and 35 normal-hearing controls. The authors used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure responses within the lateral temporal lobe and the superior temporal gyrus to speech stimuli of varying intelligibility. The speech stimuli included normal speech, channelized speech (vocoded into 20 frequency bands), and scrambled speech (the 20 frequency bands were shuffled in random order). The authors also used environmental sounds as a control stimulus. Behavioral measures consisted of the speech reception threshold, consonant-nucleus-consonant words, and AzBio sentence tests measured in quiet.

Results:
Both control and implanted participants with good speech perception exhibited greater cortical activations to natural speech than to unintelligible speech. In contrast, implanted participants with poor speech perception had large, indistinguishable cortical activations to all stimuli. The ratio of cortical activation to normal speech to that of scrambled speech directly correlated with the consonant-nucleus-consonant words and AzBio sentences scores. This pattern of cortical activation was not correlated with auditory threshold, age, side of implantation, or time after implantation. Turning off the implant reduced the cortical activations in all implanted participants.

Conclusions:
Together, these data indicate that the responses the authors measured within the lateral temporal lobe and the superior temporal gyrus correlate with behavioral measures of speech perception, demonstrating a neural basis for the variability in speech understanding outcomes after cochlear implantation.
Completion of Multidisciplinary Treatment for Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms Is Associated With Reduced Symptom Burden
Authors: Janak Jud C. , Cooper Douglas B. , Bowles Amy O. , Alamgir Abul H. , Cooper Sharon P. , Gabriel Kelley P. , Pérez Adriana , Orman Jean A. 
Published: December 2015

Objective:
To investigate the pre- to posttreatment changes in both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCSs).

Setting and Participants:
We studied 257 active-duty patients with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) who completed multidisciplinary outpatient treatment at Brooke Army Medical Center TBI Clinic from 2008 to 2013. This treatment program included cognitive rehabilitation; vestibular interventions; headache management; and integrated behavioral healthcare to address co-occurring psychiatric conditions such as PTSD, depression, and sleep disturbance.

Design:
A 1-group; preexperimental, pre- to posttreatment study.

Main Measures:
The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) was used to assess PPCSs, and the PTSD Checklist–Military Version (PCL-M) was used to asses PTSD symptoms.

Results:
Global PPCS resolution (mean NSI: 35.0 pre vs 23.8 post; P < .0001; d = 0.72) and PTSD symptom resolution (mean PCL-M: 43.2 pre vs 37.7 post; P < .0001; d = 0.34) were statistically significant. Compared with those with only mTBI, patients with mTBI and PTSD reported greater global PPCS impairment both pretreatment (mean NSI: 48.7 vs 27.9; P < .0001) and posttreatment (mean NSI: 36.2 vs 17.4; P < .0001). After adjusting for pretreatment NSI scores, patients with comorbid PTSD reported poorer PPCS resolution than those with mTBI alone (mean NSI: 27.9 pre vs 21.7 post; P = .0009).

Conclusion:
We found a reduction in both self-reported PPCSs and PTSD symptoms; however, future studies are needed to identify specific components of care associated with symptom reduction.
Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation of Attention and Executive Function in Acquired Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bogdanova Yelena , Yee Megan K. , Ho Vivian T. , Cicerone Keith D. 
Published: December 2015

Objective:
Comprehensive review of the use of computerized treatment as a rehabilitation tool for attention and executive function in adults (aged 18 years or older) who suffered an acquired brain injury.

Design:
Systematic review of empirical research.

Main Measures:
Two reviewers independently assessed articles using the methodological quality criteria of Cicerone et al. Data extracted included sample size, diagnosis, intervention information, treatment schedule, assessment methods, and outcome measures.

Results:
A literature review (PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, Cochrane, PsychINFO, CINAHL) generated a total of 4931 publications. Twenty-eight studies using computerized cognitive interventions targeting attention and executive functions were included in this review. In 23 studies, significant improvements in attention and executive function subsequent to training were reported; in the remaining 5, promising trends were observed.

Conclusions:
Preliminary evidence suggests improvements in cognitive function following computerized rehabilitation for acquired brain injury populations including traumatic brain injury and stroke. Further studies are needed to address methodological issues (eg, small sample size, inadequate control groups) and to inform development of guidelines and standardized protocols.
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Coma Arousal Communication Scale
Authors: Garin Julie , Reina Margot , DeiCas Paula , Rousseaux Marc 
Published: December 2015

Objective:
To develop a Coma Arousal Communication Scale and perform preliminary validation.

Methods:
A group of experts developed a questionnaire to assess communication between patients emerging from coma and caregiver (participation, communication modes, and themes) and the strategies used to facilitate communication. To assess the scale's psychometric characteristics, it was presented to the caregivers of 40 inpatients admitted to 5 coma units and (to obtain reference data) to 29 control participants.

Results:
The Coma Arousal Communication Scale displayed good intra- and interrater reliability as judged by intraclass correlation coefficients (between 0.76 and 0.98) and Bland and Altman plots. Cohen κ coefficient revealed moderate to almost perfect levels of agreement for most individual items and slight levels for a few items dealing with compensatory strategies. We observed good internal consistency, relations with the Wessex Head Injury Matrix, and sensitivity to change for patients who had sustained brain injury in the previous 6 months.

Conclusion:
The Coma Arousal Communication Scale provides accurate information about communication skills of individuals emerging from coma. However, some compensatory strategies adopted by caregivers are difficult to characterize.
Building Statewide Infrastructure for the Academic Support of Students With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Gioia Gerard A. , Glang Ann E. , Hooper Stephen R. , Brown Brenda Eagan 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
To focus attention on building statewide capacity to support students with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/concussion.

Method:
Consensus-building process with a multidisciplinary group of clinicians, researchers, policy makers, and state Department of Education personnel.

Results:
The white paper presents the group's consensus on the essential components of a statewide educational infrastructure to support the management of students with mTBI. The nature and recovery process of mTBI are briefly described specifically with respect to its effects on school learning and performance. State and local policy considerations are then emphasized to promote implementation of a consistent process. Five key components to building a statewide infrastructure for students with mTBI are described including (1) definition and training of the interdisciplinary school team, (2) professional development of the school and medical communities, (3) identification, assessment, and progress monitoring protocols, (4) a flexible set of intervention strategies to accommodate students' recovery needs, and (5) systematized protocols for active communication among medical, school, and family team members. The need for a research to guide effective program implementation is stressed.

Conclusion:
This guiding framework strives to assist the development of support structures for recovering students with mTBI to optimize academic outcomes. Until more evidence is available on academic accommodations and other school-based supports, educational systems should follow current best practice guidelines.
Groupings of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury: A New Approach to Classifying Traumatic Brain Injury in the Post-Acute Period
Authors: Sherer Mark , Nick Todd G. , Sander Angelle M. , Melguizo Maria , Hanks Robin , Novack Thomas A. , Tulsky David , Kisala Pamela , Luo Chunqiao , Tang Xinyu 
Published: December 2015

Objective:
To (1) identify groups of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who differ on 12 dimensions of cognitive function: cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms; personal strengths; physical functioning; environmental supports; and performance validity; and (2) describe patterns of differences among the groups on these dimensions and on participation outcome.

Setting:
Three centers for rehabilitation of persons with TBI.

Participants:
A total of 504 persons with TBI living in the community who were an average (standard deviation) of 6.3 (6.8) years postinjury and who had capacity to give consent, could be interviewed and tested in English, and were able to participate in an assessment lasting up to 4 hours.

Design:
Observational study of a convenience sample of persons with TBI.

Main Measures:
Selected scales from the Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life measures, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, Economic Quality of Life Scale, Family Assessment Device General Functioning Scale, measures of cognitive function, Word Memory Test, and Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools–Objective (PART-O) scale.

Results:
Cluster analysis identified 5 groups of persons with TBI who differed in clinically meaningful ways on the 12 dimension scores and the PART-O scale.

Conclusion:
Cluster groupings identified in this study could assist clinicians with case conceptualization and treatment planning.
Utility of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory As an Outcome Measure: A VA TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Belanger Heather G. , Silva Marc A. , Donnell Alison J. , McKenzie-Hartman Tamara , Lamberty Greg J. , Vanderploeg Rodney D. 
Published: December 2015

Objective:
To examine the utility of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI)—a measure of postconcussion symptoms used within the Veterans Health Administration—as an index of rehabilitation outcome.

Setting:
Veterans Administration Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Model Systems program.

Participants:
A total of 159 Veterans (14% with mild TBI; 86% with moderate-severe TBI).

Main Measures:
Disability Rating Scale; Functional Independence Measure; Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended; NSI; Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools–Objective; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Civilian Version; Satisfaction With Life Scale; Supervision Rating Scale.

Analyses:
Correlations and exploratory factor analyses examined the interrelations among outcome measures. Hierarchical regression analyses were utilized to determine if the NSI predicted rehabilitation outcome measures after controlling for demographic variables, TBI severity, and time since injury. NSI reliable changes from pretreatment to 1-year follow-up were examined. Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were conducted to evaluate the ability of changes in the NSI to predict meaningful change in functioning and employment status.

Results:
The NSI correlated with psychological distress measures. The NSI administered prior to brain injury rehabilitation had limited predictive utility beyond satisfaction with life. A minority of patients (32%) demonstrated reliable changes on the NSI from baseline to 1-year follow-up. Changes on the NSI were not predictive of meaningful change in employment or functioning.

Conclusion:
The NSI was not useful for assessing meaningful change in a sample of mixed severity TBI patients.
Predictors of the On-Road Driving Assessment After Traumatic Brain Injury: Comparing Cognitive Tests, Injury Factors, and Demographics
Authors: McKay Adam , Liew Carine , Schönberger Michael , Ross Pamela , Ponsford Jennie 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
(1) To examine the relations between performance on cognitive tests and on-road driving assessment in a sample of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). (2) To compare cognitive predictors of the on-road assessment with demographic and injury-related predictors.

Participants:
Ninety-nine people with mild-severe TBI who completed an on-road driving assessment in an Australian rehabilitation setting.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Main Measures:
Wechsler Test of Adult Reading or National Adult Reading Test—Revised; 4 subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III; Rey Auditory Verbal Leaning Test; Rey Complex Figure Test; Trail Making Test; demographic factors (age, sex, years licensed); and injury-related factors (duration of posttraumatic amnesia; time postinjury).

Results:
Participants who failed the driving assessment did worse on measures of attention, visual memory, and executive processing; however, cognitive tests were weak correlates (r values <0.3) and poor predictors of the driving assessment. Posttraumatic amnesia duration mediated by time postinjury was the strongest predictor of the driving assessment—that is, participants with more severe TBIs had later driving assessments and were more likely to fail.

Conclusion:
Cognitive tests are not reliable predictors of the on-road driving assessment outcome. Traumatic brain injury severity may be a better predictor of on-road driving; however, further research is needed to identify the best predictors of driving behavior after TBI.
Characterization of Upper Eyelid Tarsus and Lid Wiper Dimensions
Authors: Navascues-Cornago Maria , Maldonado-Codina Carole , Gupta Ruchi , Morgan Philip B. 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
To measure various dimensions of the upper tarsal plate and the area of upper lid wiper staining. The repeatability of the method of measurement was investigated.

Methods:
Thirty-five healthy non–contact lens wearers were enrolled. The following parameters were measured from digital images of the upper eyelid captured with a slitlamp camera: length, height, and total area of the tarsal plate and area of lid wiper staining (lissamine green). Measurements were performed in a randomized and masked fashion on two separate occasions by the same investigator using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health). Coefficients of repeatability (COR) were calculated.

Results:
The dimensions (mean±SD) of the tarsal plate were 20.6±1.9 mm length, 7.9±0.8 mm height, and 103.3±18.8 mm2 total area. The area of lid wiper staining was 2.7±2.0 mm2. No association was found between tarsal dimensions and lid wiper staining (all P>0.05). Image analysis COR values were 0.6 mm tarsal length, 0.1 mm tarsal height, 1.2 mm2 tarsal area, and 0.4 mm2 lid wiper staining. There was no significant difference between repeated measurements for any parameter (all P>0.05). Limits of agreement were narrow for all parameters, indicating good agreement between repeated measurements.

Conclusions:
This work has demonstrated that there is a wide range in the dimensions of the upper tarsal plate in an urban UK population. No association was found between the upper tarsal dimensions and lid wiper staining. ImageJ was shown to be a repeatable method to measure the dimensions of the upper tarsal plate and upper lid wiper staining.
Post-LASIK Visual Quality With a Corneoscleral Contact Lens to Treat Irregular Corneas
Authors: Porcar Esteban , España Enrique , Montalt Juan Carlos , Benlloch-Fornés Josefa Isabel , Peris-Martínez Cristina 
Published: December 2015

Objective:
To evaluate the visual quality results of fitting a corneoscleral contact lens with multiaspheric geometry design (MAGD CScL) in subjects with irregular corneas after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery.

Methods:
From a database of patients evaluated for scleral contact lenses, we identified those with irregular corneas and visual problems after they underwent LASIK surgery for correcting myopia. They manifested unsatisfactory visual quality with their current contact lenses or glasses. Therefore, a MAGD CScL was fitted and monitored according to standardized fitting methodology. A diagnostic trial set was used in the fitting process. Visual acuity (VA), subjective visual quality (SVQ), and ocular aberrations were evaluated. A new re-evaluation of these parameters was performed after 1 year wearing MAGD CScL.

Results:
Eighteen eyes of 18 patients (10 male and 8 female) with irregular cornea after LASIK surgery participated in this study; their ages ranged from 27 to 39 years (mean±SD, 32.6±3.8 years). All patients showed good fitting characteristics: optimal values were seen for lens position and lens movement. Statistically significant differences were found between before and after fitting MAGD CScL in the VA (mean±SD, 0.14±0.03 logMAR and 0.01±0.06 logMAR, respectively; P<0.001); ocular aberrations of second-order, coma, spherical; and the total higher-order aberrations (HOAs) (all P<0.001). The total HOAs decreased by approximately 78% to normal levels after fitting MAGD CScL. In addition, SVQ was also significantly improved after fitting MAGD CScL (16 eyes were favorable or very favorable). After 1 year wearing MAGD CScL, no statistically significant differences were found in the total HOAs and VA in regard to the initial fitting.

Conclusions:
Corneoscleral contact lens with multiaspheric geometry design is proposed as an effective procedure, providing a good VA and an optimal visual quality on irregular corneas after LASIK surgery in myopic subjects.
Early Glaucoma Screening Using the Ibopamine Provocative Test
Authors: Domínguez-Dueñas Francisca , Plaza-Espinosa Leticia , Mundo-Fernández Eva E. , Jiménez-Reynoso Celeste A. , Barojas-Weber Everardo , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
To evaluate the diagnostic ability of the ibopamine provocative test for early glaucoma detection.

Method:
A sample of 44 patients with suspicious optic discs was recruited and compared with 37 controls with normal optic discs and no ocular pathology. The ibopamine test was performed in all patients who were then followed up with diagnostic tests for glaucoma, visual fields, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Early glaucoma was diagnosed in 26 patients. The sensitivity of the ibopamine test to discriminate patients who had early glaucoma was 78.7%, with a specificity of 71.6%. In multivariable analyses adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, participants with a positive ibopamine test at baseline had an 8-fold higher risk of glaucoma compared with those who had a negative test; glaucoma risk was highest among ibopamine-positive subjects with initial clinical diagnostic impression of glaucoma.

Conclusions:
The ibopamine test showed an adequate diagnostic performance to detect individuals at increased risk of glaucoma in a very early stage of the disease. While further studies are required, the provocative ibopamine test for the diagnosis of early glaucoma is promissory.
Clinical Evaluation of Methods to Correct Intraocular Pressure Measurements by the Goldmann Applanation Tonometer, Ocular Response Analyzer, and Corvis ST Tonometer for the Effects of Corneal Stiffness Parameters
Authors: Bao FangJun , Huang ZiXu , Huang JinHai , Wang JunJie , Deng ManLi , Li LinNa , Yu AYong , Wang QinMei , Elsheikh Ahmed 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of methods to correct intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained using the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), the ocular response analyzer (ORA), and the Corvis ST tonometer (CVS) for the effects of corneal stiffness parameters: central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature (R), and age in a Chinese population.

Patients and Methods:
Data were collected for 99 eyes of 99 participants. Whereas cornea-corrected IOP was obtained directly from ORA (ORA-IOPcc), cornea correction in GAT and CVS was implemented using multiparameter equations developed earlier. The study also included IOP measurements by the dynamic contour tonometer, which is thought to be less affected by corneal stiffness parameters than other tonometers. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the association of both uncorrected and corrected IOP with the main stiffness parameters: CCT, R, and age.

Results:
After correction, a significantly decreased association between the GAT (from r=0.15 to r=−0.02), ORA (from r=0.24 to r=−0.19), and CVS (from r=0.47 to r=0.004) IOP measurements and the CCT was found, to levels below that with the dynamic contour tonometer-IOP (r=0.11). The IOP measurements made by the 4 tonometers, both uncorrected and corrected, did not correlate with age. The same was true for R except with ORA-IOPcc (r=0.23).

Conclusions:
CCT accounted for the majority of variance in IOP, whereas age and R had a much smaller effect. The IOP correction processes studied were successful in reducing reliance of IOP measurements, especially those by GAT and CVS, on CCT in a healthy Chinese population.
Long-term Outcomes of Mitomycin-C Trabeculectomy in Exfoliative Glaucoma Versus Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Lim Su-Ho , Cha Soon Cheol 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
To compare long-term surgical outcomes in exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) versus primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) after primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C.

Methods:
This retrospective, case-control study included 32 eyes of XFG and 64 eyes of POAG matched by propensity score analysis. Surgical success was defined according to 3 different criteria: (1) intraocular pressure (IOP)<18 mm Hg and IOP reduction ≥20% without medication; (2) IOP<15 mm Hg and IOP reduction ≥25% without medication; and (3) IOP<18 mm Hg and IOP reduction ≥20% with or without medication. Cumulative probabilities of success were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and risk factors of surgical failure were analyzed.

Results:
Cumulative success rates were 84.4% at 1 year and 19.9% at 5 years for XFG, and 82.3% and 64.7%, respectively, for POAG by criterion A. Complete success rates were significantly lower for XFG than for POAG by criteria A and B. However, qualified success, as determined by criterion C, did not show a statistically significant difference. Postoperative hyphema was more frequent for XFG. The risk factors associated with surgical failure were a young age (<60 y; hazard ratio=2.58, P=0.047, criterion A) and exfoliation syndrome (hazard ratio=3.01, 2.96, P=0.006, 0.005, criteria A and B).

Conclusions:
Although trabeculectomy for XFG had success rates similar to POAG at 1 year, XFG showed poorer long-term IOP control from 2 years postoperatively. This study indicates that it is more difficult to achieve long-term low target IOP control in eyes with XFG than in eyes with POAG after trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C.