bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Impact of One Year versus Two Years of Exposure to Interprofessional Education on Student Perceptions of Physician-Pharmacist Interprofessional Clinical Education (SPICE)
Authors: Rotz Melissa E , Grover Anisha B. , Burden Amanda , Pontiggia Laura , Dueñas Gladys G. 
Published: January 2018

Background: Evaluating student perceptions of interprofessional education (IPE) is important to meet accreditation standards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of one year versus two years of exposure to IPE on student perceptions, as well as evaluate differences between professions.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, first and second year medical and pharmacy students enrolled in an interprofessional experiential course series at each of their respective institutions completed a perceptions instrument prior to a standardized objective behavioral assessment. Student demographics and perception scores were summarized using descriptive statistics. Chi-squared tests and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to assess differences in demographic variables. Between-group differences in perception scores were assessed using Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests.
Results: 155 students completed the instrument out of the 163 students enrolled in the course series. Overall, the median scores were ≥4 (4=Agree, 5=Strongly Agree) for all SPICE items and factors. No significant differences were observed between first and second year students in response to any of the SPICE items or factors. When comparing professions, significant differences were observed between pharmacy students and medical students that IPE “enhances my education” (p=0.003), “improves patient satisfaction” (p=0.001), and “enhances my future ability to collaborate” (p=0.001). Significant differences were also observed between pharmacy students and medical students for 2 of the 3 factors: teamwork (p=0.001) and patient outcomes (p=0.005). For all of the differences in items and factors, pharmacy students reported higher levels of agreement.
Conclusions: Two years of exposure to IPE compared to one year (i.e. second year students vs. first year students) did not result in higher levels of agreement; however, agreement was high across all students which may have limited the ability to detect a difference. When perceptions are high early in the curriculum, maintaining the same level of agreement longitudinally may be a more appropriate educational outcome. Pharmacy students had higher levels of agreement compared to medical students for certain items. Further research is needed to determine if these differences have an impact on interprofessional collaboration.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.

Type: Original Research
Developing Students as Advocates through a Pilot Advocacy Curricular Thread within a PharmD Curriculum
Authors: Mospan Cortney M , Calhoun McKenzie 
Published: January 2018

There is a need for education about and development of advocacy skills within student pharmacists. Pharmacy literature describes experiences incorporating advocacy education within curricula; however, these are often singular, limited experiences. To increase student pharmacists’ awareness, knowledge, and skills, effective advocacy curricular threads are necessary within curricula. This paper provides rationale for the need for a greater emphasis on development of these skills within student pharmacists, evidence of curricular experiences surrounding advocacy from the literature, initial observations from a piloted curricular thread at one school, and implications for the academy.
Conflict of Interest
Dr. Calhoun is a Board member of the Tennessee Pharmacists Association.

Type: Idea Paper
Policy Matters: Development of a Legislative Advocacy Week to Engage Student Pharmacists in Policy Discussions
Authors: Mospan Cortney M , Alexander Katelyn M , Cox Caden W , Jones Tyler , Hawks Nicole 
Published: January 2018

Policy and advocacy discussions and activities are generally topics that student pharmacists are less excited to engage in during their PharmD curriculum. These can also be challenging to integrate within a curriculum in a meaningful, impactful, and engaging manner. At a college of pharmacy, two student organization chapters (American Pharmacists Association-Academy of Student Pharmacists and National Community Pharmacists Association) partnered together to host a Legislative Advocacy Week centered on the primary elections for the 2016 presidential race. This Note discusses the conceptualization, planning, events, impact, and analysis of this week.

Conflict of Interest
At the time of this activity, Dr. Mospan was a faculty member at East Tennessee State University Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy.

Type: Note
Next Generation Sequencing Claims in Precision Medicine: Questions a Formulary Committee Should Ask
Authors: Langley Paul C 
Published: January 2018

The enthusiasm with which precision medicine has been embraced over the past 15 years has obscured the fact that the evidence base for biomarker-driven assessments, in particular for next generation sequencing (NGS), is limited. This applies both to the comparative performance of the various assessment tools as well as to the impact of biomarker driven decisions at the patient level. Where a genetic test is being evaluated there are five key questions a formulary committee should ask when assessing whether or not to recommend coverage and reimbursement for the test in target patient populations:
(i) has the test met required standards for analytic and clinical validity?
(ii) has the test been evaluated against competing tests for analytic and clinical validity?
(iii) have the test-based claims met standards for credibility, evaluation and replication?
(iv) has the test been accepted as part of the standard of care for patient management in the target disease state?
(v) has the introduction of the test improved outcomes, including survivorship, adverse events, quality of life and costs, in the targeted population?
The purpose of this commentary is twofold: first, to consider the appropriate evidentiary standards for the evaluation of a test and comparator tests; and, second, to identify questions that a formulary committee should address in submissions made for a test in health care systems. A critical issue is not only comparative claims for the test against the standard of care and comparator tests, but the assessment of test performance for the identified treatment pathways where mutations or variants are linked to recommendations for therapy options. Unless these issues are addressed it is unlikely that the promise of personalized medicine will be realized. The absence of an evidence base will deter both physicians and their patients from adopting NGS based recommendations.

Type: Commentary
Pharmacy Practice: Exploring the Relationship between SSRIs and Sodium Levels in an Older Adult Population
Authors: Anderson Sonya L , Johnston Nita 
Published: January 2018

I was asked to examine the presence of hyponatremia (<130 mEq/L) in older patients (>65 years) taking Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) at Moses Cone Hospital. The presence of hyponatremia in older patients using SSRIs indicates potentially inappropriate use according to the STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment) criteria6. This study was done to assess possible risk factors for potentially inappropriate use of SSRIs by older patients at Moses Cone Hospital. Data collected included the patient’s sex, age, sodium level, and the date the sodium level was drawn. Data also included the specific SSRI and the starting date for the SSRI. The study showed no relationship between age, sex, SSRI prescribed and hyponatremia. However, patients that were prescribed an SSRI for less than a year were more at risk for hyponatremia. Therefore, in order to minimize the risk of hyponatremia, additional monitoring may need to be added at SSRI initiation, three months, six months, and one year, especially in patients with other medications that may lower sodium levels.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.

Type: Student Project
Collaboration between Hospital and Community Pharmacists to Improve Medication Management from Hospital to Home
Authors: Kristeller Judith , Snyder Felicia , Kong Fanhui , Musheno Michele 
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine if a model for patient-centered care that integrates medication management between hospital and community pharmacists is feasible and can improve medication adherence. Design: This was a randomized, non-blinded, interventional study of 69 patients discharged from a hospital to home. Process measures include the number and type of medication-related discrepancies or problems identified, patient willingness to participate, the quality and quantity of interactions with community pharmacists, hospital readmissions, and medication adherence. Setting: A 214-bed acute care hospital in Northeastern Pennsylvania and seventeen regional community pharmacies. Patients: Enrolled patients were hospitalized with a primary or secondary diagnosis of heart failure or COPD, had a planned discharge to home, and agreed to speak to one of seventeen community pharmacists within the study network (i.e., a network community pharmacist) following hospital discharge. Intervention: Information about a comprehensive medication review completed by the hospital pharmacist was communicated with the network community pharmacist to assist with providing medication therapy management following hospital discharge. Results: Of 180 patients eligible for the study, 111 declined to participate. Many patients were reluctant to talk to an additional pharmacist, however if the patient’s pharmacist was already within the network of 17 pharmacies, they usually agreed to participate. The study enrolled 35 patients in the intervention group and 34 in the control group. An average of 6 medication-related problems per patient were communicated to the patient’s network community pharmacist after discharge. In the treatment group, 44% of patients had at least one conversation with the network community pharmacist following hospital discharge. There was no difference in post-discharge adherence between the groups (Proportion of Days Covered 0.76 treatment group vs. 0.73 control group, p=0.69), but there was a reduction in hospital readmissions (43% treatment group vs. 62% control group). Conclusion: The feasibility of this model can be improved by integrating medication management with the patient’s existing community pharmacist, rather than an additional network community pharmacist. While there was no difference in medication adherence, collaboration between the hospital and community pharmacists can potentially reduce hospital readmissions, improve medication safety, and facilitate medication therapy management across care transitions.
Conflict of Interest
"We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties".

Type: Original Research
Glossary for Cultural Transformation: The Language of Partnership and Domination
Authors: Mercanti Stefano 
Published: January 2018

When global and interdisciplinary scholars share a field of inquiry, terms must be defined so that there is a common understanding of key concepts to guide research. Similarly, applied knowledge requires accepted definitions of terms so that a cohesive message can be disseminated. The “Glossary for Cultural Transformation: The Language of Partnership and Domination” defines key terms related to cultural transformation and the partnership/domination continuum, to provide a resource for research, practice, and community applications of Riane Eisler’s partnership paradigm.
Erratum
Issued March 15, 2016. On page 21, the definition of "Matrilineal, matrifocal, matristic, matrilocal" should read:
Matrilineal, matrifocal, matristic, matrilocal: Matrilineal refers to societies in which descent and inheritance are traced for children in terms of their mother rather than their father. In family organizations, matrifocal and matristic mean mother-centered; these families are generally also matrilocal, meaning that both daughters and sons reside in their mothers’ households, and of men entering into women’s family houses or villages upon marriage. According to Eisler, the shift from matriliny to patriliny played a major role in establishing dominator social and sexual relations which led to the invention of one-sided monogamy, along with prostitution, adultery, and illegitimacy, as well as the harsh punishment of women for any sexual and personal independence, along with the institutionalization and glorification of warfare.
La mecánica del hueso. Una revisión de los modelos de remodelación óseo
Authors: Flores Rentería Miguel Ángel , Ortiz Domínguez Martín , Cruz Avilés Arturo , López Sánchez Francisco 
Published: January 2018

El hueso, al igual que las demás estructuras biológicas se adaptan continuamente a su entorno físico, se ha
aceptado ampliamente que el tejido óseo responde a la estimulación mecánica, se reabsorbe en regiones
expuestas a estímulos mecánicos de baja intensidad, mientras que se renueva donde estos son altos. Se cree
que el proceso de adaptación permite al hueso realizar sus funciones mecánicas con un mínimo de masa.
A partir de esta idea muchos modelos teóricos para la remodelación ósea utilizan este concepto como parte
de la estrategia para simular la adaptación estructural ósea.
Lo que implican la existencia de un estado de equilibrio donde la estructura ósea se adapta al medio ambiente.
Esto ha dado origen al desarrollo de modelos computacionales que, por una parte, suponen una estructura trabecular isotrópica, cuyos resultados muestran las similitudes en la distribución de densidad del hueso in vivo, aun así se considera que no es posible obtener una solución convergente, por otra parte se han desarrollado modelos considerando la naturaleza anisotrópica del hueso trabecular en el nivel continuo haciendo uso de los principios de optimización; Sin embargo, a pesar de las similitudes con el comportamiento
real, los modelos, representan simplemente una abstracción matemática de la arquitectura trabecular.
El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar los modelos de adaptación ósea que emplean una a proximación
matemáticos para caracterizar las propiedades mecánicas de la estructura del hueso.
The Meaning of Uncertainty: Debating Climate Change in the Gilded-Age United States
Authors: Giacomelli Joseph 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Scholars of American history have sometimes characterised late nineteenth-century theories about anthropogenic climate change as testaments to Manifest Destiny hubris and runaway boosterism. But many Gilded-Age climate theorists acknowledged both the uncertainty of their scientific claims and their ambivalence toward capitalist development and its influence on climates and landscapes. Gustavus Hinrichs, George Curtis, and other climate thinkers invoked uncertainty for a wide range of reasons. Sometimes they voiced frustration at their inability to grasp the mysterious agencies shaping climatic change. At other times, they embraced uncertainty as a key component of modern science. This article examines the role of scientific and cultural uncertainty in late nineteenth-century debates about climate and environment. The writings produced over the course of these debates reveal a series of tensions and dialectics at the core of nineteenth-century culture: tensions between visions of environmental utopia and fears of degradation and catastrophe, between positivist science and insecurity about the illusory nature of scientific knowledge, between the confident rhetoric of Manifest Destiny and a persistent ambivalence about the tenability of extractive capitalism.
Observational Evidence for Self-generation of Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes from Intermittent Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Zheng Jinlei , Hu Qiang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present unique and additional observational evidence for the self-generation of small-scale coherent magnetic flux rope structures in the solar wind. Such structures with durations between 9 and 361 minutes are identified from Wind in situ spacecraft measurements through the Grad–Shafranov (GS) reconstruction approach. The event occurrence counts are on the order of 3500 per year on average and have a clear solar-cycle dependence. We build a database of small-scale magnetic flux ropes from 20 yr worth of Wind spacecraft data. We show a power-law distribution of the wall-to-wall time corresponding well to the inertial range turbulence, which agrees with relevant observations and numerical simulation results. We also provide the axial current density distribution from the GS-based observational analysis, which yields a non-Gaussian probability density function consistent with numerical simulation results.
Regularized Biot–Savart Laws for Modeling Magnetic Flux Ropes
Authors: Titov Viacheslav S. , Downs Cooper , Mikić Zoran , Török Tibor , Linker Jon A. , Caplan Ronald M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Many existing models assume that magnetic flux ropes play a key role in solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). It is therefore important to develop efficient methods for constructing flux-rope configurations constrained by observed magnetic data and the morphology of the pre-eruptive source region. For this purpose, we have derived and implemented a compact analytical form that represents the magnetic field of a thin flux rope with an axis of arbitrary shape and circular cross-sections. This form implies that the flux rope carries axial current I and axial flux F, so that the respective magnetic field is the curl of the sum of axial and azimuthal vector potentials proportional to I and F, respectively. We expressed the vector potentials in terms of modified Biot–Savart laws, whose kernels are regularized at the axis in such a way that, when the axis is straight, these laws define a cylindrical force-free flux rope with a parabolic profile for the axial current density. For the cases we have studied so far, we determined the shape of the rope axis by following the polarity inversion line of the eruptions’ source region, using observed magnetograms. The height variation along the axis and other flux-rope parameters are estimated by means of potential-field extrapolations. Using this heuristic approach, we were able to construct pre-eruption configurations for the 2009 February 13 and 2011 October 1 CME events. These applications demonstrate the flexibility and efficiency of our new method for energizing pre-eruptive configurations in simulations of CMEs.
Penser la relation avec les parents pour les bébés placés : le protocole « Maintien du lien »
Authors: Deprez Alexandra , Wendland Jaqueline 
Published: January 2018

Les effets du contact entre les enfants placés pour leur protection et leurs parents sont sujets à de nombreux débats. Cette question est encore plus aigüe quand il s’agit de bébés placés, du fait de la phase particulière du développement dans laquelle l’enfant se trouve. Après un bref survol des apports de la recherche à la compréhension de l’importance des trois premières années de la vie pour le développement socio-émotionnel de l’individu, cet article se propose de présenter le « protocole Maintien du lien » dont l’objectif est de pouvoir documenter le vécu du bébé lors des visites parentales et de faciliter pour les professionnels de terrain, la prise de décision dans l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant, dans un contexte toujours complexe.
Pourquoi les enfants adoptables se trouvent-ils seulement au tiers-monde ?
Authors: Cirillo Stefano 
Published: January 2018

Cet article aborde la question suivante : pourquoi est-il si difficile de trouver un enfant à adopter en Europe alors que cela permettrait d’éviter de nombreuses difficultés ultérieures qui compliqueront le processus de filiation adoptive. En particulier, cela permettrait à bien des enfants européens de ne pas entrer dans le triste cheminement du placement.
Évaluer l’efficience des dispositifs socio-sportifs : de la fausse pertinence technologique à l’innovation sociale de compétition
Authors: Brisset Lucie 
Published: January 2018

L’article analyse les résistances et effets auxquels donne lieu l’évaluation d’un dispositif d’insertion par le sport et son instrumentation. L’ethnographie de la co-construction et des usages d’un « carnet de bord » montre comment cet instrument à finalités gestionnaires et technocratiques est détourné en référentiel du métier d’éducateur « socio-sportif ». Il permet en outre de normaliser et réguler, mais aussi d’institutionnaliser et rationaliser le dispositif et sa « gouvernance territoriale », tout en exerçant un contrôle infrapolitique sur l’activité professionnelle de ses « metteurs en œuvre ».
A review of Conocetus Desbrochers des Loges, 1875, subgenus of Polydrusus Germar, 1817 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)
Authors: Germann Christoph 
Published: January 2018

The species of the subgenus Conocetus Desbrochers des Loges, 1875 are reviewed and Polydrusus (Conocetus) transjordanus sp. nov. is described. Upon examination of the holotype of Polydrusus bardus Gyllenhal, 1834, it was observed that the species hitherto determined sensu auctorum as P. bardus was a misidentification. The specimen in question was therefore unnamed and is thus newly described as Polydrusus (Conocetus) crinipes sp. nov. Polydrusus femoratus (Stierlin, 1888) is a junior synonym of P. angustus (Lucas, 1854). Polydrusus gracilicornis Kiesenwetter, 1864, P. cylindrithorax (Desbrochers des Loges, 1900) and P. quadraticollis (Desbrochers des Loges, 1902) are proposed as junior synonyms of P. bardus. Polydrusus zurcheri (Schilsky, 1912) is proposed as a junior synonym of P. grandiceps (Desbrochers des Loges, 1875). Polydrusus kahri Kirsch, 1865 is transferred from subgenus Conocetus to Denticonocetus subgen. nov., with P. siculus Desbrochers des Loges, 1872 and P. vodozi Desbrochers des Loges, 1903 both recognized as new junior synonyms of P. kahri. The lectotypes of P. gracilicornis, P. zurcheri, P. marcidus Kiesenwetter, 1864, P. gracilis (Stierlin, 1888), P. rhodiacus (Schilsky, 1912) and P. grandiceps are designated. A key, figures, label data and distribution maps are provided for all species, except for P. longus (Stierlin, 1884), for which no specimens were available for examination, and whose placement in the subgenus Conocetus remains uncertain (thus categorized as incertae sedis). Polydrusus angustus is recorded for the first time for Italy, P. rhodiacus for mainland Turkey and P. festae (Solari, 1925) for Greece.