bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Test of a Data Assimilation System with a Regional High-Resolution Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled Model Based on an Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Kunii Masaru , Ito Kosuke , Wada Akiyoshi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) that uses a regional mesoscale atmosphere–ocean coupled model was preliminarily examined to provide realistic sea surface temperature (SST) estimates and to represent the uncertainties of SST in ensemble data assimilation strategies. The system was evaluated through data assimilation cycle experiments over a one-month period from July to August 2014, during which time a tropical cyclone (TC) as well as severe rainfall events occurred. The results showed that the data assimilation cycle with the coupled model reproduced SST distributions realistically even without assimilating SST and sea surface salinity observations, and atmospheric variables provided to ocean models can, therefore, control oceanic variables physically to some extent. The forecast error covariance calculated in the EnKF with the coupled model showed dependency on oceanic vertical mixing for near-surface atmospheric variables due to the difference of variability between the atmosphere and the ocean as well as the influence of SST variations on the atmospheric boundary layer. The EnKF with the coupled model reproduced the intensity change of Typhoon Halong (2014) during the mature phase more realistically than with an uncoupled atmosphere model, although there remained a degradation of the SST estimate, particularly around the Kuroshio region. This suggests that an atmosphere–ocean coupled data assimilation system should be developed that is able to physically control both atmospheric and oceanic variables.
Garden visiting as a meaningful occupation for people in later life
Authors: Leaver Rosemary , Wiseman Tania 
Published: December 2016

Introduction Garden visiting, as described in this study, involves visiting private gardens which householders have temporarily opened to the public, in support of charity. In the United Kingdom, garden visiting is a popular occupation which attracts 750,000 people each year. The connections between active gardening and wellbeing are well established, particularly for people in later life. This research explores visiting other people’s gardens for leisure in order to deepen our understanding of how garden visiting is experienced as an occupation. Method Seven people aged between 60 and 81 years old who considered themselves fully retired were interviewed whilst walking through parks and public gardens. Thematic analysis with inductive coding was used to analyse the data. Findings Four themes emerged: time and wellbeing, embodied wellbeing, being part of a gardening community and pondering the creator. Conclusion Garden visiting is a complex occupation which brings far-reaching benefits to individuals and communities. Garden visiting also has important implications for increasing wellbeing by grounding people in the present and promoting sensory engagement.
Therapeutic effectiveness of aCalendula officinalisextract in venous leg ulcer healing
Authors: Buzzi M. , de Freitas F. , de Barros Winter M. 
Published: December 2016

Objective:Non-healing venous leg ulcers (VLUs) have a significant effect on patients' quality of life and substantially increase expenditures in health-care systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Calendula officinalis extract, Plenusdermax, in the treatment of VLUs.Method:Patients treated with Calendula officinalis extract (n=38) and control patients (n=19) were evaluated every two weeks for 30 weeks or until their ulcers healed. Assessments included determination of the wound area by planimetry, infection control, and evaluation of the clinical aspects of the wounds. The percentage of healing velocity per week (%HVw), taking the initial area at baseline into account, was also determined.Results:The proportion of the treatment patients achieving complete epithelialisation was 72 % and 32 % in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The average healing time was approximately 12 weeks in the treatment group and 25 % in control patients. Patients with ulcers treated with Calendula officinalis extract had a significant 4-fold increase in percentage healing velocity per week, 7.4 %, compared with 1.7 % in the control group. No adverse events were observed during the Calendula officinalis extract treatment.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that Calendula officinalis extract is an effective treatment for VLUs.Declaration of interest:The authors have no conflict of interest.
Reduction of pressure ulcer size with high-voltage pulsed current and high-frequency ultrasound: a randomised trial
Authors: Polak A. , Taradaj J. , Nawrat-Szoltysik A. , Stania M. , Dolibog P. , Blaszczak E. , Zarzeczny R. , Juras G. , Franek A. , Kucio C. 
Published: December 2016

Objective:International guidelines recommend the use of ultrasound (US) and electrical stimulation (ES) for treating chronic and recurrent pressure ulcers (PUs). The methodology of these procedures, however, still needs elaboration and confirmation by clinical studies. This parallel-group, randomised, single-blind, prospective, controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine whether by using high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) and high-voltage monophasic pulsed current (HVMPC), the rate of change in the area of older patients' PUs can be accelerated.Method:Patients were randomly assigned to receive either: standard wound care (SWC) involving supportive care and topical treatments; SWC+US (1MHz; 0.5 W/cm2; 20%; 1–3 minutes/cm2); or SWC+ES (HVMPC, 154 µs, 100 pps, 100 V, 250 µC/sec, 50 minutes/day). US and ES were administered once a day, 5 days a week. The primary outcome was change in PU surface area measured against baseline after 6 weeks of treatment with SWC, SWC+US, and SWC+ES.Results:We recruited 77 patients, aged 60–95 years (80% aged over 70 years of age), with 88 Category II, III and IV PUs were enrolled in the study. The percentage reduction in the surface area of PUs at the end of treatment was significantly greater in the SWC+US group (mean ± standard deviation, 77.48±11.59 %; p=0.024) and the SWC+ES group (76.19±32.83%; p=0.030) versus the control group (48.97±53.42%). The SWC+ES group also had a significantly greater proportion of PUs that decreased in area by at least 50% or closed than the control group (p=0.05 and 0.031, respectively). The SWC+US and SWC+ES groups were not statistically significant different regarding treatment results. Clinical side effects were not recorded.Conclusion:The results show that HFUS and HVMPC are comparable regarding their effectiveness in reducing the size of PUs in older people.Declaration of interest:The authors have nothing to disclose. All research activities were funded by the Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
Supporting and treating children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Perry Margaret 
Published: December 2016

A cancer diagnosis is devastating at any age, but children and their families require confident and caring support from health professionals. Here Margaret Perry gives an overview of the third most common childhood cancer, and how to secure the best outcome for patients Non Hodgkin lymphoma is the third most common form of childhood cancer. This article – the last in a series of three dealing with lymphoma – gives an overview of Non Hodgkin lymphoma in children and looks at diagnosis and investigations, treatment, management and prognosis. A better understanding of this distressing disease will help nurses to support patients and families to secure a better outcome.
Travel during pregnancy
Authors: Brewer Catherine 
Published: December 2016

The pregnant woman can be given a clean bill of health to travel if certain rules are followed. Catherine Brewer runs through what the practice nurse needs to know, and what to ask Pregnancy should not preclude most women from travelling. However, careful planning and consideration with regards to certain health risks is vital. Ideally this should be assessed prior to even booking the trip to avoid disappointment or putting themselves in grave danger. This article will examine general considerations with regards to pregnancy and travel, as well as looking at specific risks related to the journey, food and water, mosquito borne diseases and the vaccinations themselves.
High-Sensitivity Troponin T vs I in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Prediction of Significant Coronary Lesions and Long-term Prognosis
Authors: Kvisvik Brede , Mørkrid Lars , Røsjø Helge , Cvancarova Milada , Rowe Alexander D , Eek Christian , Bendz Bjørn , Edvardsen Thor , Gravning Jørgen 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) T and I assays are established as crucial tools for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as they have been found superior to old troponin assays. However, eventual differences between the assays in prediction of significant coronary lesions and long-term prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have not been fully unraveled.

METHODS
Serum concentrations of hs-cTnT (Roche), hs-cTnI (Abbott), and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP; Roche) in 390 non-ST-elevation (NSTE) ACS patients were evaluated in relation to significant coronary lesions on coronary angiography (defined as a stenosis &gt;50% of the luminal diameter, with need for revascularization) and prognostic accuracy for cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, as well as the composite end point of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations for AMI or heart failure.

RESULTS
The mean (SD) follow-up was 2921 (168) days. Absolute hs-cTnI concentrations were significantly higher than the hs-cTnT concentrations. The relationship between analyzed biomarkers and significant coronary lesions on coronary angiography, as quantified by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), revealed no difference between hs-cTnT [AUC, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77–0.86] and hs-cTnI (AUC, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76–0.86; P = NS). NT-proBNP was superior to both hs-cTn assays regarding prognostic accuracy for both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and for the composite end point during follow-up, also in multivariate analyses.

CONCLUSIONS
The hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI assays displayed a similar ability to predict significant coronary lesions in NSTE-ACS patients. NT-proBNP was superior to both hs-cTn assays as a marker of long-term prognosis in this patient group.
Determination of deformation of a highly oriented polymer under three-point bending using finite element analysis
Authors: Lee Yi-Chang , Chang Ho , Wei Ching-Long , Lee Rahnfong , Hsu Hua-Yi , Chang Cheng-Chung 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The molecular chains of a highly oriented polymer lie in the same direction. A highly oriented polymer is an engineering material with a high strength-to-weight ratio and favorable mechanical properties. Such an orthotropic material has biaxially arranged molecular chains that resist stress in the tensile direction, giving it a high commercial value. In this investigation, finite element analysis (FEA) was utilized to elucidate the deformation and failure of a highly oriented polymer. Based on the principles of material mechanics and using the FEA software, Abaqus, a solid model of an I-beam was constructed, and the lengths of this beam were set based on their heights. Three-point bending tests were performed to simulate the properties of the orthotropic highly oriented polymer, yielding results that reveal both tension failure and shear failure. The aspect ratio that most favored the manufacture of an I-beam from highly oriented polymers was obtained; based on this ratio, a die drawing mold can be developed in the future.
The Contractualisation of Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Poncibò Cristina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe article discusses the relationship between contract law and environmental sustainability. Firstly, it questions whether certain values, which the concept of sustainable development incorporates, are compatible with contract law. Could we consider sustainability goals as implied terms of international business contracts in the absence of an express agreement? Secondly, the article notes and analyzes the process of contractualisation of sustainability objectives in international business contracts. It also examines the current limitations of enforcing sustainability contractual clauses. The conclusion is that contract law should accommodate environmental sustainability as a matter of contractual justice.
Coating of wood by means of electrospun nanofibers based on PVA/SiO2 and its hydrophobization with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Ryparovà Pavla , Petrič Marko , Tywoniak Jan , Hajek Petr 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA)/nanosilica (SiO2) based electrospun nanofibers has been deposited on wood substrate by means of the roll electrospinning process. The nanofibrous coating was hydrophobized by self-assembled monolayers of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) via a sol-gel dipping process. The PVA/SiO2 nanofiber coating and OTS hydrophobized coating were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). All methods confirmed the formation of OTS monolayers on hybrid coatings. The adhesive strength and resistance to scratch of nanofibers coating was also evaluated.
Accuracy of a 10 Hz GPS Unit in Measuring Shuttle Velocity Performed at Different Speeds and Distances (5 – 20 M)
Authors: Beato Marco , Bartolini Davide , Ghia Gianluigi , Zamparo Paola 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate the accuracy of a 10 Hz GPS device (STATSports, Ireland) by comparing the instantaneous values of velocity determined with this device with those determined by kinematic (video) analysis (25 Hz). Ten male soccer players were required to perform shuttle runs (with 180° change of direction) at three velocities (slow: 2.2 m·s-1; moderate: 3.2 m·s-1; high: maximal) over four distances: 5, 10, 15 and 20 m. The experiments were video-recorded; the “point by point” values of speed recorded by the GPS device were manually downloaded and analysed in the same way as the “frame by frame” values of horizontal speed as obtained by video analysis. The obtained results indicated that shuttle distance was smaller in GPS than video analysis (p < 0.01). Shuttle velocity (shuttle distance/shuttle time) was thus smaller in GPS than in video analysis (p < 0.001); the percentage difference (bias, %) in shuttle velocity between methods was found to decrease with the distance covered (5 m: 9 ± 6%; 20 m: 3 ± 3%). The instantaneous values of speed were averaged; from these data and from data of shuttle time, the distance covered was recalculated; the error (criterion distance-recalculated distance) was negligible for video data (0.04 ± 0.28 m) whereas GPS data underestimated criterion distance (0.31 ± 0.55 m). In conclusion, the inaccuracy of this GPS unit in determining shuttle speed can be attributed to inaccuracy in determining the shuttle distance.
Performance Effects of Repetition Specific Gluteal Activation Protocols on Acceleration in Male Rugby Union Players
Authors: Barry Lorna , Kenny Ian , Comyns Thomas 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Warm-up protocols have the potential to cause an acute enhancement of dynamic sprinting performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three repetition specific gluteal activation warm-up protocols on acceleration performance in male rugby union players. Forty male academy rugby union players were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (control, 5, 10 or 15 repetition gluteal activation group) and performed 10 m sprints at baseline and 30 s, 2, 4, 6 and 8 min after their specific intervention protocol. Five and ten meter sprint times were the dependent variable and dual-beam timing gates were used to record all sprint times. Repeated measures analysis of variance found no significant improvement in 5 and 10 m sprint times between baseline and post warm-up scores (p ≥ 0.05) for all groups. There were no reported significant differences between groups at any of the rest interval time points (p ≥ 0.05). However, when individual responses to the warm-up protocols were analyzed, the 15 repetition gluteal activation group had faster 10 m times post-intervention and this improvement was significant (p = 0.021). These results would indicate that there is no specific rest interval for any of the gluteal interventions that results in a potentiation effect on acceleration performance. However, the individual response analysis would seem to indicate that a 15 repetition gluteal activation warm-up protocol has a potentiating effect on acceleration performance provided that the rest interval is adequately and individually determined.
The Effect of Specific Sling Exercises on the Functional Movement Screen Score in Adolescent Volleyball Players: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Linek Paweł , Saulicz Edward , Myśliwiec Andrzej , Wójtowicz Monika , Wolny Tomasz 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The existing data indicate that the result of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test influences the likelihood of subsequent injury in professional athletes. Therefore, exercises increasing test scores of the FMS may be useful at various stages of sports activity. This study evaluated the effects of the NEURAC sling exercises method on the FMS test score in teenage volleyball players. The study was conducted on 15 volleyball players aged 14 years. The FMS test was performed three times interspersed with a two-month interval. Between the first and the second assessment, neither additional treatment nor training was applied, while between the second and the third assessment, the participants performed stabilisation exercises based on the NEURAC method. Training was carried out twice a week, for eight weeks. The analysis showed that between the first and the second measurement, no significant differences occurred. The use of specific sling exercises caused a significant improvement in FMS results (p ≤ 0.01) between the first and the third, as well as the second and the third measurement. The applied stabilisation exercises based on the NEURAC method positively influenced the FMS test result in male subjects practicing volleyball. Performance of such exercises also resulted in more than 90% of the subjects having a total FMS test score ≥ 17, which may be important in the prevention of injuries. The preliminary results indicate that this type of exercise should be included in a teenage volleyball training routine.
Evolution of Determinant Factors of Repeated Sprint Ability
Authors: Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Suarez-Arrones Luis , Rodríguez-Rosell David , López-Segovia Manuel , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Bachero-Mena Beatriz , González-Badillo Juan José 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the relationships between repeated sprint ability (RSA) and anthropometric measures as well as fitness qualities in soccer players. Twenty-one professional soccer players performed several anthropometric and physical tests including countermovement vertical jumps (CMJs), a straight-line 30 m sprint (T30), an RSA test (6 x 20 + 20 m with 20 s recovery), a progressive isoinertial loading test in a full squat, a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 (YYIRT-1) and a 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT). The mean (RSAmean), the fastest (RSAbest), each single sprint time, and the percentage in a sprint decrease (%Dec) in the RSA test were calculated. RSAbest correlated significantly with RSAmean (r = .82) and with all single sprints (p < 0.05), showing a downward trend as the number of sprints performed increased. No significant relationship was observed between the %Dec and RSA performance. CMJs and the T30 also showed a correlation with RSA performance, whereas lower limb strength did not show any relationship with RSA performance. RSAmean showed significant (p < 0.05) relationships with body mass (r = .44), adiposity (r = .59) and the YYIRT-1 (r = -.62), increasing as the number of repeated sprints increased. The 20mSRT showed minimal relationships with RSA performance. In conclusion, maximal sprint capacity seems to be relevant for the RSA performance, mainly in the first sprints. However, high intermittent endurance capacity and low adiposity might help enhance the RSA performance when increasing the number of repeated sprints.
Quality Perception of the 2012 World Indoor Athletics Championships
Authors: Simsek Kerem Yildirim 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the views of spectators concerning the quality perception of the World Indoor Athletics Championships. The study group consisted of 568 spectators who watched the events. A measurement scale of event quality in spectator sports (SEQSS) developed by Ko et al. (2011) was used as a data collection tool in the study. In order to determine the views of the spectators concerning the quality of the Indoor Athletics Championships, the dimensions constituting the scale were compared according to the demographic features of the sample group. As a consequence, important differences in most of the dimensions of the scale were revealed with respect to the demographic data of the subjects. The most relevant finding of the study is that the dimension of “physical environment quality”, which is one of the dimensions constituting the event quality, differed significantly in all comparisons that were made according to demographic features.
Periodization in Team Sport Games - A Review of Current Knowledge and Modern Trends in Competitive Sports
Authors: Lyakh Vladimir , Mikołajec Kazimierz , Bujas Przemysław , Witkowski Zbigniew , Zając Tomasz , Litkowycz Ryszard , Banyś Damian 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The main goal of this study was to present a review of current knowledge and modern trends in periodization of the training process in team sports. The research objectives were: an analysis of various aspects of periodization of the annual training cycle for elite athletes practicing team sport games, an attempt to determine both the examined and unexamined issues related with periodization of training as well as to indicate directions for further research, and finally, presentation of different training loads and competitions in micro-, meso- and macrocycles. The research consisted of the analysis and generalization of the bibliography, methods of monitoring training and competition loads of the Polish national U17 female soccer team in the seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, as well as of the female basketball division one club in the season 2014/2015. Findings of the present study indicate resolved as well as unresolved aspects of annual training cycle periodization in team sport games and provide information on the types of training and competitive workload planning in micro-, meso- and macrocycles.