bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of high‐mountain acidophilous vegetation in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Gavilán Rosario G. , Vilches Beatriz , Font Xavier , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsWe study the high‐mountain grasslands growing on siliceous substrata of the Iberian Peninsula to determine floristic patterns and affinities that best define the structure and phytosociological classification of this vegetation.LocationCantabrian Range, Sierra Nevada, Sistema Central, Sistema Ibérico and the Pyrenees.MethodsWe analysed 1484 relevés representing 25 phytosociological associations of high‐mountain grasslands on siliceous substrata previously described in the study area. A first classification using noise clustering produced a large noise group containing over 50% of the relevés. We then carried out a DCA to check the relative position of the noise group components with respect to the whole pool, and a K‐means combined with species indicator analysis to obtain a more precise delimitation of clusters through their representative species.ResultsWe considered 17 groups as the optimum number of clusters when considering K‐means and the corresponding indicator species. Pyrenean alpine vegetation separated first, showing a homogeneous pattern with a set of diagnostic taxa organized around two groups that coincide with one European class (Juncetea trifidi) and two alliances: Festucion eskiae in chionophilous environments and Festucion supinae in chionophobous habitats. The rest of the data correspond to the Iberian class Festucetea indigestae, recognized in three alliances corresponding to three territories: the Cantabrian Range, Central Iberian Peninsula (Sistema Central and Sistema Ibérico) and Sierra Nevada. Four groups were extracted from the Cantabrian Range, which correspond to temperate (two groups) and Mediterranean (two groups) plant communities included in Teesdaliopsio‐Luzulion. Two groups from Sierra Nevada ‐ one oro‐ (Thymion serpylloidis) and another cryoromediterranean (Ptilotrichion purpurei) ‐ were separated later on. Some relationships were found between the oromediterranean communities in the Central Mountains (Sierra de Guadarrama) and Sierra Nevada. This highlights the mediterranean character of this central Iberian mountain, compared to the rest of the central ranges (four groups representing cryoromediterranean vegetation) that were independently separated by the analysis and have a more submediterranean character. All are included in Jasionion carpetanae.ConclusionsThe Pyrenees and the Cantabrian Range show relationships in high‐mountain vegetation but also differences since the Cantabrian Range has a major influence of Mediterranean taxa in their plant communities. Central Iberian mountains showed relationships with the other Mediterranean mountains through the presence of species of the Festuca indigesta gr. and other endemic taxa. The particular pattern of Sierra Nevada – very patchy and with lower cover values – hindered the separation of groups, but two groups were finally detected in the analysis based on the altitudinal gradient.
Epigenetic repression of miR‐375 is the dominant mechanism for constitutive activation of the PDPK1/RPS6KA3 signalling axis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Tatekawa Shotaro , Chinen Yoshiaki , Ri Masaki , Narita Tomoko , Shimura Yuji , Matsumura‐Kimoto Yayoi , Tsukamoto Taku , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Kawata Eri , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Taki Tomohiko , Taniwaki Masafumi , Handa Hiroshi , Iida Shinsuke , Kuroda Junya 
Published: April 2017

SummaryCytogenetic/molecular heterogeneity is the hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM). However, we recently showed that the serine/threonine kinase PDPK1 and its substrate RPS6KA3 (also termed RSK2) are universally active in MM, and play pivotal roles in myeloma pathophysiology. In this study, we assessed involvement of aberrant miR‐375 repression in PDPK1 overexpression in MM. An analysis of plasma cells from 30 pre‐malignant monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance and 73 MM patients showed a significant decrease in miR‐375 expression in patient‐derived plasma cells regardless of the clinical stage, compared to normal plasma cells. Introduction of miR‐375 reduced PDPK1 expression in human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), indicating that miR‐375 is the dominant regulator of PDPK1 expression. In addition, miR‐375 introduction also downregulated IGF1R and JAK2 in HMCLs. CpG islands in the MIR375 promoter were pathologically hypermethylated in all 8 HMCLs examined and in most of 58 patient‐derived myeloma cells. Treatment with SGI‐110, a hypomethylating agent, and/or trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, increased miR‐375 expression, but repressed PDPK1, IGF1R and JAK2 in HMCLs. Collectively, these results show the universal involvement of overlapping epigenetic dysregulation for abnormal miR‐375 repression in MM, which is likely to contribute to myelomagenesis and to subsequent myeloma progression by activating oncogenic signalling pathways.
The new era of chelation treatments: effectiveness and safety of 10 different regimens for controlling iron overloading in thalassaemia major
Authors: Di Maggio Rosario , Maggio Aurelio 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis review outlines the effectiveness and safety of 10 different regimens for controlling iron overloading in thalassaemia major (TM). For each treatment, the strength of the evidence was documented according to the guidelines of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. Serum ferritin (SF), liver iron concentration (LIC), heart T2* signal, heart damage and survival were used to assess effectiveness. Five chelation regimens out of 10 showed Level A Evidence in controlling iron overloading, as determined by SF levels and LIC. Three out of 10 chelation regimens were able to control heart iron levels, as determined by T2* signals with Level A Evidence. Two chelation regimens were able to improve/reverse heart damage and four increased of survival with Level B Evidence. These advances mean that the current survival of TM patients is now similar to that of thalassaemia intermedia patients.
Outcome after intensive reinduction therapy and allogeneic stem cell transplant in paediatric relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Karlsson Lene , Forestier Erik , Hasle Henrik , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Jónsson Ólafur G. , Lausen Birgitte , Norén Nyström Ulrika , Palle Josefine , Tierens Anne , Zeller Bernward , Abrahamsson Jonas 
Published: April 2017

SummaryGiven that 30–40% of children with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) relapse after primary therapy it is important to define prognostic factors and identify optimal therapy. From 1993 to 2012, 543 children from the Nordic countries were treated according to two consecutive protocols: 208 children relapsed. The influence of disease characteristics, first line treatment, relapse therapy and duration of first remission on outcome was analysed. Second complete remission (CR2) was achieved in 146 (70%) patients. Estimated 5‐year overall survival (OS5y) was 39 ± 4% for the whole group and 43 ± 4% for the 190 patients given re‐induction therapy, of whom 76% received regimens that included fludarabine, cytarabine (FLA) ± anthracyclines, 18% received Nordic Society for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) upfront blocks and 5% received other regimens. Late relapse ≥1 year from diagnosis, no allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in first remission and core binding factor AML were independent favourable prognostic factors for survival. For the 128 children (124 in CR2) that received SCT as consolidation therapy after relapse, OS5y was 61 ± 5%. Four of 19 children (21%) survived without receiving SCT as part of relapse therapy. Our data show that intensive re‐induction followed by SCT can give cure rates of 40% in children with relapsed AML.
Prevalence and clinical relevance of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor-blocking antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Diana T , Krause J , Olivo P D , König J , Kanitz M , Decallonne B , Kahaly G J 
Published: April 2017

Summary
The prevalence and clinical relevance of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR) blocking antibodies (TBAb) in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) was investigated. Serum TBAb were measured with a reporter gene bioassay using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Blocking activity was defined as percentage inhibition of luciferase expression relative to induction with bovine TSH alone (cut-off 40% inhibition). All samples were measured for TSHR stimulatory antibody (TSAb) and TSHR binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII). A total of 1079 unselected, consecutive patients with AITD and 302 healthy controls were included. All unselected controls were negative for TBAb and TSAb. In contrast, the prevalence of TBAb-positive patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease was 67 of 722 (9·3%) and 15 of 357 (4·2%). Of the 82 TBAb-positive patients, thirty-nine (48%), 33 (40%) and 10 (12%) were hypothyroid, euthyroid and hyperthyroid, respectively. Ten patients were both TBAb- and TSAb-positive (four hypothyroid, two euthyroid and four hyperthyroid). Thyroid-associated orbitopathy was present in four of 82 (4·9%) TBAb-positive patients, with dual TSHR antibody positivity being observed in three. TBAb correlated positively with TBII (r = 0·67, P &lt; 0·001) and negatively with TSAb (r = –0·86, P &lt; 0·05). The percentage of TBII-positive patients was higher the higher the level of inhibition in the TBAb assay. Of the TBAb-positive samples with &gt; 70% inhibition, 87% were TBII-positive. Functional TSHR antibodies impact thyroid status. TBAb determination is helpful in the evaluation and management of patients with AITD. The TBAb assay is a relevant and important tool to identify potentially reversible hypothyroidism.
Immediate and delayed loading of two‐piece reduced‐diameter implants with locator‐analog attachments in edentulous mandibles: One‐year results from a randomized clinical trial examining clinical outcome and patient expectation
Authors: Giannakopoulos Nikolaos Nikitas , Ariaans Kirsten , Eberhard Lydia , Klotz Anna‐Luisa , Oh Keunyoung , Kappel Stefanie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundProsthetic management of thin alveolar ridges in the edentulous mandibles of elderly patients, especially the time of loading, the number of implants needed, and patient expectations and perception, is a challenge in implant dentistry.PurposeSurvival of conventionally and immediately loaded 2‐piece reduced‐diameter implants in the interforaminal region of the edentulous mandible supporting locator‐analog attachments was evaluated. Prosthetic complications and peri‐implant hygiene were also studied, and patient expectation and subjective evaluation of the treatment were documented.Material and MethodsTwenty‐five patients with adapted complete dentures received 4 reduced‐diameter implants. All anterior implants were immediately loaded. Three months later, patients were allocated by randomization to 1 of 2 treatment groups: 2 locator‐analog attachments on the anterior implants (Group A); or 4 locator‐analog attachments (Group B). After another 3 months patient allocation was changed (crossover design) for the next 3 months. Questionnaires with Likert scales and numeric rating scales were used to assess patients' expectations and subjective overdenture‐related variables, respectively.ResultsOne implant was lost in the immediate‐loading group. Survival was 98% and 100% for immediate and delayed loading, respectively. During 12‐month observation, 8 complications required aftercare. At the beginning of treatment, patients' expectations were highly positive. Subjective assessment of overdenture‐related variables 3 months after immediate loading of 2 implants revealed a statistically significant improvement for most of the variables studied; this was maintained 1 year later. In the subjective assessments, there were no statistically significant differences between Groups A and B.ConclusionImmediate loading of reduced‐diameter implants supporting locator‐analog attachments resulted in high implant survival, few prosthetic complications, good oral hygiene, and improvement of subjective denture perception in the short‐term. It might be a promising treatment option, especially for elderly patients with a narrow mandibular ridge.
Illicit drug use among New Zealand gay and bisexual men: Prevalence and association with sexual health behaviours
Authors: Saxton Peter , Newcombe David , Ahmed Arslan , Dickson Nigel , Hughes Anthony 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsData are lacking on drug use among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in New Zealand. We establish a baseline estimate of drug use and investigate associations with sexual health and HIV risk.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of GBM was conducted in gay community settings and online. Participants were asked their frequency of using nine drugs (poppers, cannabis, ecstasy, methamphetamine, amphetamine, cocaine, LSD, gamma hydroxybutyrate and ketamine) in the previous 6 months. We examined associations between selected drugs and number of recent partners, unprotected anal intercourse with a casual partner and sexually transmitted infections using adjusted odds ratios (AOR).ResultsOverall, 3211 participants provided information of whom 55.8% reported any drug use, and 37.9% cannabis, 36.7% poppers, 16.5% ecstasy, 10.5% amphetamine, 7.4% methamphetamine, 6.6% LSD, 6.1% cocaine, 5.3% gamma hydroxybutyrate and 4.4% ketamine use. A quarter of all respondents (25.6%) reported using one drug, 22.8% two to four and 7.4% five or more drugs (polydrugs). Methamphetamine and polydrug use was independently predictive of reporting >20 recent partners (AOR 1.6 and 7.0, respectively), unprotected anal intercourse with a casual partner (AOR 1.8 and 3.2, respectively) and a sexually transmitted infection (AOR 1.6 and 4.3, respectively).Discussion and ConclusionsDrug use was common in this sample of GBM. Polydrug and methamphetamine users had especially high sexual health needs, but risks remained elevated among GBM consuming other drugs. Drug harm reduction programs and HIV prevention should target GBM with problematic drug use. Limitations include an inability to attribute causation. [Saxton P, Newcombe D, Ahmed A, Dickson N, Hughes A. Illicit drug use among New Zealand gay and bisexual men: Prevalence and association with sexual health behaviours. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000‐000]
Explaining the declining rates of past year cannabis use in Australia: A first pass
Authors: Ritter Alison , Sotade Oluwadamisola 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsCannabis use rates in Australia have declined since 2001. No research to date has examined possible reasons, despite evident policy interest in understanding such a positive public health outcome. In a ‘first pass’ examination, five possible reasons are explored: (i) attitudinal shifts regarding the acceptability of cannabis use; (ii) regulatory or policy changes; (iii) supply/market changes; (iv) changes in other drug use that may operate as substitutes or complements to cannabis; and (v) socio‐cultural factors.MethodsSecondary analyses from three publically available national surveys (the National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2001 to 2013, the Illicit Drug Reporting System 2004 to 2013 and the Illicit Drug Data Report 2002 to 2013) were used to explore the five reasons.ResultsIt appears that all five explanations are reasonable and have preliminary evidence to indicate they are worth pursuing empirically. Attitudes have not softened towards cannabis in Australia, and regulatory changes appear to have tightened. Perceived purity may have declined, and with stable prices, this suggests an increase in purity‐adjusted price that would also be consistent with decreased use. The significant declines in tobacco and alcohol use in Australia, which operate as complements to cannabis, also plausibly account for the significant decrease.Discussion and ConclusionsThis work suggests future directions for cannabis research in Australia. New multi‐disciplinary research that has the potential to explore multiple hypotheses simultaneously is required. [Ritter A, Sotade O. Explaining the declining rates of past year cannabis use in Australia: A first pass. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000‐000]
Atypical inter‐hemispheric communication correlates with altered motor inhibition during learning of a new bimanual coordination pattern in developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Blais Mélody , Amarantini David , Albaret Jean‐Michel , Chaix Yves , Tallet Jessica 
Published: April 2017

AbstractImpairment of motor learning skills in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has been reported in several studies. Some hypotheses on neural mechanisms of motor learning deficits in DCD have emerged but, to date, brain‐imaging investigations are scarce. The aim of the present study is to assess possible changes in communication between brain areas during practice of a new bimanual coordination task in teenagers with DCD (n = 10) compared to matched controls (n = 10). Accuracy, stability and number of mirror movements were computed as behavioural variables. Neural variables were assessed by electroencephalographic coherence analyses of intra‐hemispheric and inter‐hemispheric fronto‐central electrodes. In both groups, accuracy of the new coordination increased concomitantly with right intra‐hemispheric fronto‐central coherence. Compared to typically developing teenagers, DCD teenagers presented learning difficulties expressed by less stability, no stabilization of the new coordination and a greater number of mirror movements despite practice. These measures correlated with reduced inter‐hemispheric communication, even after practice of the new coordination. For the first time, these findings provide neuro‐imaging evidence of a kind of inter‐hemispheric ‘disconnection’ related to altered inhibition of mirror movements during motor learning in DCD.
Herpes simplex virus‐induced anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis: a systematic literature review with analysis of 43 cases
Authors: Nosadini Margherita , Mohammad Shekeeb S , Corazza Francesco , Ruga Ezia Maria , Kothur Kavitha , Perilongo Giorgio , Frigo Anna Chiara , Toldo Irene , Dale Russell C , Sartori Stefano 
Published: April 2017

AimTo conduct a systematic literature review on patients with biphasic disease with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis followed by anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.MethodWe conducted a case report and systematic literature review (up to 10 December 2016), focused on differences between herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) and anti‐NMDAR encephalitis phases, age‐related characteristics of HSV‐induced anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, and therapy. For statistical analyses, McNemar's test, Fisher's test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used (two‐tailed significance level set at 5%).ResultsForty‐three patients with biphasic disease were identified (31 children). Latency between HSE and anti‐NMDAR encephalitis was significantly shorter in children than adults (median 24 vs 40.5d; p=0.006). Compared with HSE, anti‐NMDAR encephalitis was characterized by significantly higher frequency of movement disorder (2.5% vs 75% respectively; p<0.001), and significantly lower rate of seizures (70% vs 30% respectively; p=0.001). Compared with adults, during anti‐NMDAR encephalitis children had significantly more movement disorders (86.7% children vs 40% adults; p=0.006), fewer psychiatric symptoms (41.9% children vs 90.0% adults; p=0.025), and a slightly higher median modified Rankin Scale score (5 in children vs 4 in adults; p=0.015). During anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, 84.6 per cent of patients received aciclovir (for ≤7d in 22.7%; long‐term antivirals in 18.0% only), and 92.7 per cent immune therapy, but none had recurrence of HSE clinically or using cerebrospinal fluid HSV polymerase chain reaction (median follow‐up 7mo).InterpretationOur review suggests that movement disorder may help differentiate clinically an episode of HSV‐induced anti‐NMDAR encephalitis from HSE relapse. Compared with adults, children have shorter latency between HSE and anti‐NMDAR encephalitis and, during anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, more movement disorder, fewer psychiatric symptoms, and slightly more severe disease. According to our results, immune therapy given for HSV‐induced anti‐NMDAR encephalitis does not predispose patients to HSE recurrence.
The Ontology of Musical Works and the Role of Intuitions: An Experimental Study
Authors: Bartel Christopher 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhilosophers of music often appeal to intuition to defend ontological theories of musical works. This practice is worrisome as it is rather unclear just how widely shared are the intuitions that philosophers appeal to. In this paper, I will first offer a brief overview of the debate over the ontology of musical works. I will argue that this debate is driven by a conflict between two seemingly plausible intuitions—the repeatability intuition and the creatability intuition—both of which may be defended on the grounds that they are reflective of our actual musical practices. The problem facing philosophers within this debate is that there is no clear way to determine which of the two conflicting intuitions is more reflective of our musical practices. Finally, I offer discussion of an experimental study that was designed to test participants' intuitions regarding the repeatability of musical works. The evidence presented there suggests that the participants broadly accept the repeatability of musical works, but in a much narrower way than philosophers would likely accept.
Heart‐rate variability indices as predictors of the response to vagus nerve stimulation in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Liu Hongyun , Yang Zhao , Huang Lei , Qu Wei , Hao Hongwei , Li Luming 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo assess heart‐rate variability (HRV) measures of interictal electrocardiography (ECG) for drug‐resistant epilepsy and to relate the findings to the outcome of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) treatment.MethodsTime‐domain, frequency‐domain, and nonlinear analyses were used to analyze preoperative HRV measures in 32 patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy who had received VNS implants at the same hospital and 32 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. HRV measurements based on ambulatory 24 h ECG recordings were analyzed to identify seizure reduction 1 year after VNS treatment. Responders were defined as having at least 50% seizure reduction 1 year after treatment.ResultsPatients with drug‐resistant epilepsy had significantly lower time domain (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50), frequency domain (VLF, LF, HF, TP), and nonlinear (SD1, SD2) HRV measurements than matched healthy controls. None of the analyzed HRV measures of the responders differed significantly from their controls, whereas those of the nonresponders had significantly lower RMSSD, pNN50, HF, and SD1 than the responders.SignificanceThe preoperative HRV indices demonstrate that nonresponders have more pronounced impairment of their cardiac autonomic function than the responders. Presurgical HRV measurements representing parasympathetic cardiac control or vagal tone were significantly associated with the responsiveness to VNS. Thus the measurements show promise for predicting the reduction of seizure frequency after VNS treatment.