bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DATA ASSIMILATION IN A SOLAR DYNAMO MODEL USING ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTERS: SENSITIVITY AND ROBUSTNESS IN RECONSTRUCTION OF MERIDIONAL FLOW SPEED
Authors: Dikpati Mausumi , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Mitra Dhrubaditya 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We implement an Ensemble Kalman Filter procedure using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed for assimilating “synthetic” meridional flow-speed data in a Babcock–Leighton-type flux-transport solar dynamo model. By performing several “observing system simulation experiments,” we reconstruct time variation in meridional flow speed and analyze sensitivity and robustness of reconstruction. Using 192 ensemble members including 10 observations, each with 4% error, we find that flow speed is reconstructed best if observations of near-surface poloidal fields from low latitudes and tachocline toroidal fields from midlatitudes are assimilated. If observations include a mixture of poloidal and toroidal fields from different latitude locations, reconstruction is reasonably good for

error in low-latitude data, even if observational error in polar region data becomes 200%, but deteriorates when observational error increases in low- and midlatitude data. Solar polar region observations are known to contain larger errors than those in low latitudes; our forward operator (a flux-transport dynamo model here) can sustain larger errors in polar region data, but is more sensitive to errors in low-latitude data. An optimal reconstruction is obtained if an assimilation interval of 15 days is used; 10- and 20-day assimilation intervals also give reasonably good results. Assimilation intervals

days do not produce faithful reconstructions of flow speed, because the system requires a minimum time to develop dynamics to respond to flow variations. Reconstruction also deteriorates if an assimilation interval

days is used, because the system’s inherent memory interferes with its short-term dynamics during a substantially long run without updating.
TIME EVOLUTION OF KELVIN–HELMHOLTZ VORTICES ASSOCIATED WITH COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS IN LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS
Authors: Kuramitsu Y. , Mizuta A. , Sakawa Y. , Tanji H. , Ide T. , Sano T. , Koenig M. , Ravasio A. , Pelka A. , Takabe H. , Gregory C. D. , Woolsey N. , Moritaka T. , Matsukiyo S. , Matsumoto Y. , Ohnishi N. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We report experimental results on Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability and resultant vortices in laser-produced plasmas. By irradiating a double plane target with a laser beam, asymmetric counterstreaming plasmas are created. The interaction of the plasmas with different velocities and densities results in the formation of asymmetric shocks, where the shear flow exists along the contact surface and the KH instability is excited. We observe the spatial and temporal evolution of plasmas and shocks with time-resolved diagnostics over several shots. Our results clearly show the evolution of transverse fluctuations, wavelike structures, and circular features, which are interpreted as the KH instability and resultant vortices. The relevant numerical simulations demonstrate the time evolution of KH vortices and show qualitative agreement with experimental results. Shocks, and thus the contact surfaces, are ubiquitous in the universe; our experimental results show general consequences where two plasmas interact.
EXTREME SUPERNOVA MODELS FOR THE SUPER-LUMINOUS TRANSIENT ASASSN-15LH
Authors: Chatzopoulos E. , Wheeler J. C. , Vinko J. , Nagy A. P. , Wiggins B. K. , Even W. P. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The recent discovery of the unprecedentedly super-luminous transient ASASSN-15lh (or SN 2015L) with its UV-bright secondary peak challenges all the power-input models that have been proposed for super-luminous supernovae. Here we examine some of the few viable interpretations of ASASSN-15lh in the context of a stellar explosion, involving combinations of one or more power inputs. We model the light curve of ASASSN-15lh with a hybrid model that includes contributions from magnetar spin-down energy and hydrogen-poor circumstellar interaction. We also investigate models of pure circumstellar interaction with a massive hydrogen-deficient shell and discuss the lack of interaction features in the observed spectra. We find that, as a supernova, ASASSN-15lh can be best modeled by the energetic core-collapse of an ∼40 M
⊙ star interacting with a hydrogen-poor shell of ∼20 M
⊙. The circumstellar shell and progenitor mass are consistent with a rapidly rotating pulsational pair-instability supernova progenitor as required for strong interaction following the final supernova explosion. Additional energy injection by a magnetar with an initial period of 1–2 ms and magnetic field of 0.1–1 × 1014 G may supply the excess luminosity required to overcome the deficit in single-component models, but this requires more fine-tuning and extreme parameters for the magnetar, as well as the assumption of efficient conversion of magnetar energy into radiation. We thus favor a single-input model where the reverse shock formed in a strong SN ejecta–circumstellar matter interaction following a very powerful core-collapse SN explosion can supply the luminosity needed to reproduce the late-time UV-bright plateau.
Improved understanding of brain morphology through 3D printing: A brief guide
Authors: Madan Christopher 
Published: September 2016

Brain morphology can provide insights into inter-individual differences. In the present guide, we outline the steps for generating a print-ready 3D model of brain structures from a standard T1-weighted structural MRI volume. By improving our understanding of brain morphology, we hope to enhance teaching and scientific communication, as well as aid in the development of novel measures of brain morphology.
The present guide details the steps for generating a print-ready 3D model of brain structures from a standard T1-weighted structural MRI volume.
Infrared limb emission measurements of aerosol in the troposphere and stratosphere
Authors: Griessbach Sabine , Hoffmann Lars , Spang Reinhold , von Hobe Marc , Müller Rolf , Riese Martin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Altitude-resolved aerosol detection in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a challenging task for remote sensing instruments. Infrared limb emission measurements provide vertically resolved global measurements at day- and nighttime in the UTLS. For high-spectral-resolution infrared limb instruments we present here a new method to detect aerosol and separate between ice and non-ice particles. The method is based on an improved aerosol–cloud index that identifies infrared limb emission spectra affected by non-ice aerosol or ice clouds. For the discrimination between non-ice aerosol and ice clouds we employed brightness temperature difference correlations. The discrimination thresholds for this method were derived from radiative transfer simulations (including scattering) and Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS)/Envisat measurements obtained in 2011. We demonstrate the value of this approach for observations of volcanic ash and sulfate aerosol originating from the Grímsvötn (Iceland, 64° N), Puyehue–Cordón Caulle (Chile, 40° S), and Nabro (Eritrea, 13° N) eruptions in May and June 2011 by comparing the MIPAS volcanic aerosol detections with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) volcanic ash and SO2 measurements.
Application of GRACE to the assessment of model-based estimates of monthly Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance (2003–2012)
Authors: Schlegel Nicole-Jeanne , Wiese David N. , Larour Eric Y. , Watkins Michael M. , Box Jason E. , Fettweis Xavier , van den Broeke Michiel R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Quantifying the Greenland Ice Sheet's future contribution to sea level rise is a challenging task that requires accurate estimates of ice sheet sensitivity to climate change. Forward ice sheet models are promising tools for estimating future ice sheet behavior, yet confidence is low because evaluation of historical simulations is challenging due to the scarcity of continental-wide data for model evaluation. Recent advancements in processing of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data using Bayesian-constrained mass concentration ("mascon") functions have led to improvements in spatial resolution and noise reduction of monthly global gravity fields. Specifically, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's JPL RL05M GRACE mascon solution (GRACE_JPL) offers an opportunity for the assessment of model-based estimates of ice sheet mass balance (MB) at ∼ 300 km spatial scales. Here, we quantify the differences between Greenland monthly observed MB (GRACE_JPL) and that estimated by state-of-the-art, high-resolution models, with respect to GRACE_JPL and model uncertainties. To simulate the years 2003–2012, we force the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) with anomalies from three different surface mass balance (SMB) products derived from regional climate models. Resulting MB is compared against GRACE_JPL within individual mascons. Overall, we find agreement in the northeast and southwest where MB is assumed to be primarily controlled by SMB. In the interior, we find a discrepancy in trend, which we presume to be related to millennial-scale dynamic thickening not considered by our model. In the northwest, seasonal amplitudes agree, but modeled mass trends are muted relative to GRACE_JPL. Here, discrepancies are likely controlled by temporal variability in ice discharge and other related processes not represented by our model simulations, i.e., hydrological processes and ice–ocean interaction. In the southeast, GRACE_JPL exhibits larger seasonal amplitude than predicted by the models while simultaneously having more pronounced trends; thus, discrepancies are likely controlled by a combination of missing processes and errors in both the SMB products and ISSM. At the margins, we find evidence of consistent intra-annual variations in regional MB that deviate distinctively from the SMB annual cycle. Ultimately, these monthly-scale variations, likely associated with hydrology or ice–ocean interaction, contribute to steeper negative mass trends observed by GRACE_JPL. Thus, models should consider such processes at relatively high (monthly-to-seasonal) temporal resolutions to achieve accurate estimates of Greenland MB.
Giono, Translator or Reader of Moby-Dick?
Authors: Génin Isabelle 
Published: September 2016

The article discusses the interaction between reading and translating, in the case of the first unabridged translation of Moby-Dick into French by Jean Giono, Lucien Jacques and Joan Smith, published by Gallimard in 1941. After a brief survey of the status of that translation—an important cultural landmark in France—the paper examines what the paratext (Giono’s diary, notes and letters) and the typescripts reveal about a seemingly paradoxical situation: Giono’s keen reading of Moby-Dick on the one hand and the simplification and clarification strategies adopted in the translation on the other hand. A selection of stylistic analyses illustrates both the choices made by the translators and the part played by each participant in the project. It appears that Giono did not necessarily misread Moby-Dick, underestimating its scope and significance. Instead, after reading the novel, he grew indifferent to its translation and concentrated his energy on his own writing in which he re-invested his reading experience. As to the other co-translators, Joan Smith provided a word-for-word translation of the text that made no attempt at interpreting the text, while Lucien Jacques strove to re-write Smith’s literal first draft, in spite of his difficult position as a non-reader (albeit an enthusiastic one) of Moby-Dick.
Semipolar III–nitride light-emitting diodes with negligible efficiency droop up to ∼1 W
Authors: Oh Sang Ho , Yonkee Benjamin P. , Cantore Michael , Farrell Robert M. , Speck James S. , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven P. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate 1 mm2 blue light-emitting diodes with a negligible efficiency droop up to ∼1 W. LEDs with 12- to 14-nm-thick single quantum wells were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on a free-standing semipolar

GaN substrate. Packaged devices showed an external quantum efficiency of 42.3% at 20 A/cm2 with a negligible efficiency droop up to 991 mW at 900 mA. At 900 mA, the thermal droop and hot/cold factor were 8.2% and 0.92, respectively. The adoption of a thick active region resulted in excellent optical and thermal performance characteristics that are suitable for high-power lighting applications.
Strain evolution of epitaxial tetragonal-like BiFeO3 thin films on LaAlO3(001) substrates prepared by sputtering and their bulk photovoltaic effect
Authors: Nakashima Seiji , Uchida Tomohisa , Doi Kentaro , Saitoh Koh , Fujisawa Hironori , Sakata Osami , Katsuya Yoshio , Tanaka Nobuo , Shimizu Masaru 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The structural evolution of high-quality 3.3–73.2-nm-thick tetragonal-like BiFeO3 (T-BFO) thin films grown on LaAlO3(001) substrates and the bulk photovoltaic effect of the films were investigated. The T-BFO films were grown by rf magnetron sputtering, showing the Peudellösung fringes around the T-BFO (001) diffraction peak in X-ray diffraction θ–2θ patterns. These indicate the structural coherence between the surface and the interface in the surface normal direction of the films. High-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the lattice relaxation behavior from the MA monoclinic to MC monoclinic structure occurs as the film thickness increases. The domain structure was partly controlled by using a vicinal LAO (001) substrate along [100]. Regarding the current–voltage characteristics of the Pt/T-BFO/Pt coplanar capacitor under violet laser illumination, T-BFO films show an anomalous photovoltaic effect with an open-circuit voltage of 6.1 V and a short-circuit current of −290 pA along the [100]T-BFO direction.
Mechanism of drag coefficient saturation at strong wind speeds
Authors: Takagaki Naohisa , Komori Satoru , Suzuki Naoya , Iwano Koji , Kurose Ryoichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the saturation of drag coefficients at strong wind speeds. But the mechanism behind this saturation has not yet been fully clarified. In this study, at normal and strong wind speeds, we use a wind‐wave tank for investigating the peak enhancement factor of the wind‐sea spectrum, which is an appropriate wave parameter for representing interfacial flatness. We measured the water‐level fluctuation using wave gauges. At strong wind speeds, the result shows that the peak enhancement factor of the wind‐sea spectrum decreases with decreasing inverse wave age and with increasing wind speed. This suggests that the distinctive wind‐wave breaking occurs at strong wind speeds. It also suggests that this distinctive breaking of wind waves causes the saturation of drag coefficients at strong wind speeds.
RBSPICE measurement of ion loss during the 2015 March storm: Adiabatic response to the geomagnetic field change
Authors: Soto‐Chavez A. R. , Lanzerotti L. J. , Gerrard A. , Kim H. , Bortnik J. , Manweiler J. W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA strongly energy‐dependent ring current ion loss was measured by the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE) instrument on the Van Allen Probes A spacecraft in the local evening sector during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm. The ion loss is found to be energy dependent where only ions with energies measured above ∼ 150 keV have a significant drop in intensity. At these energies the ion dynamics are principally controlled by variations of the geomagnetic field which, during magnetic storms, exhibits large‐scale variations on time scales from minutes to hours. Here we show that starting from ∼19:10 UTC on 17 March the geomagnetic field increased from 220 to 260 nT on a time scale of about an hour as captured by RBSPICE‐A close to spacecraft apogee, L = 6.1 and magnetic local time (MLT) = 21.85 h (GSM coordinates X =− 4.89, Y = 3.00, and Z =− 0.73). We demonstrate the relationship between this large geomagnetic field increase and the dropouts of the
150 keV ring current ions.
A Formal Synthesis of Komaroviquinone: Use of a Pt‐Catalyzed Hydrative Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Oh Chang Ho , Piao Lanhua , Jung Jaemun , Kim Jaewoong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA formal synthesis of komaroviquinone has been accomplished by utilizing the Pt‐catalyzed hydrative cyclization of an enynal that was easily prepared in a convergent manner. The Pt‐catalyzed hydrative cyclization reaction afforded the corresponding tricyclic product, which was utilized in the synthesis of a known precursor that led to the formation of komaroviquinone through an additional four‐step synthesis.
Hybrid Bilayer WSe2–CH3NH3PbI3 Organolead Halide Perovskite as a High‐Performance Photodetector
Authors: Lu Junpeng , Carvalho Alexandra , Liu Hongwei , Lim Sharon Xiaodai , Castro Neto Antonio H. , Sow Chorng Haur 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA high‐performance 2D photodetector based on a bilayer structure comprising a WSe2 monolayer and CH3NH3PbI3 organolead halide perovskite is reported. High performance is realized by modification of the WSe2 monolayer with laser healing and perovskite functionalization. After modification, the output of the device was three orders of magnitude better than the pristine device; the performance is superior to that of most of the 2D photodetectors based on transition‐metal‐dichalcogenides (TMDs). This result indicates that combinatory TMDs–halide perovskite hybrids can be promising building blocks in optoelectronics.
General, Highly Selective Synthesis of 1,3‐ and 1,4‐Difunctionalized Building Blocks by Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening
Authors: Funken Nico , Mühlhaus Felix , Gansäuer Andreas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe describe a regiodivergent epoxide opening (REO) featuring a catalyst‐controlled synthesis of enantiomerically and diastereomerically highly enriched or pure syn‐ and anti‐ 1,3‐ and 1,4‐difunctionalized building blocks from a common epoxide precursor. The REO is attractive for natural product synthesis and as a branching reaction for diversity‐oriented synthesis with epoxides.
Graphane Nanostripes
Authors: Wang Lu , Sofer Zdeněk , Bouša Daniel , Sedmidubský David , Huber Štěpán , Matějková Stanislava , Michalcová Alena , Pumera Martin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGraphane, the hydrogenated counterpart of graphene, was shown to exhibit properties such as tunable band gaps through varied degrees of hydrogenation, fluorescence, or ferromagnetism. Graphane nanostripe properties have also been theoretically predicted. Herein, we show that graphane nanostripes can be prepared by opening carbon nanotubes using Birch reduction in liquid ammonia utilizing potassium as a reducing agent and water as a proton donor. The prepared graphane nanostripes exhibit several exceptional properties when coupled with trace metal dopants. The interplay of metallic nanoparticles and defects lead to a spin polarization and induction of ferromagnetic moment, as well as to enhanced electrocatalytic properties in the hydrogen evolution reaction when compared to non‐hydrogenated carbon nanotubes.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroxylation of Cage B−H Bonds of o‐Carboranes with O2 or Air
Authors: Lyu Hairong , Quan Yangjian , Xie Zuowei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA rhodium‐catalyzed hydroxylation of a cage B4−H bond in o‐carboranes with either O2 or air as the oxygen source is described, and serves as a new methodology for the regioselective generation of a series of 4‐OH‐o‐carboranes in a one‐pot process. The use of either O2 or air as both the oxidant and the oxygen source makes this protocol very environmentally friendly and practical.
Functionalization of Recombinant Amelogenin Nanospheres Allows Their Binding to Cellulose Materials
Authors: Butler Samuel J. , Bülow Leif , Bonde Johan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractProtein engineering to functionalize the self‐assembling enamel matrix protein amelogenin with a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is used. The purpose is to examine the binding of the engineered protein, rh174CBD, to cellulose materials, and the possibility to immobilize self‐assembled amelogenin nanospheres on cellulose. rh174CBD assembled to nanospheres ≈35 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, very similar in size to wild type amelogenin (rh174). Uniform particles are formed at pH 10 for both rh174 and rh174CBD, but only rh174CBD nanospheres showes significant binding to cellulose (Avicel). Cellulose binding of rh174CBD is promoted when the protein is self‐assembled to nanospheres, compared to being in a monomeric form, suggesting a synergistic effect of the multiple CBDs on the nanospheres. The amount of bound rh174CBD nanospheres reached ≈15 mg/g Avicel, which corresponds to 4.2 to 6.3 × 10−7 mole/m2. By mixing rh174 and rh174CBD, and then inducing self‐assembly, composite nanospheres with a high degree of cellulose binding can be formed, despite a lower proportion of rh174CBD. This demonstrates that amelogenin variants like rh174 can be incorporated into the nanospheres, and still retain most of the binding to cellulose. Engineered amelogenin nanoparticles can thus be utilized to construct a range of new cellulose based hybrid materials, e.g. for wound treatment.
Biosynthesis of poly(2‐hydroxyisovalerate‐co‐lactate) by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Yang Jung Eun , Kim Je Woong , Oh Young Hoon , Choi So Young , Lee Hyuk , Park A‐Reum , Shin Jihoon , Park Si Jae , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) containing 2‐hydroxyacids such as lactate (LA) and 2‐hydroxybutyrate (2HB) have recently been produced by metabolically engineered microorganisms. Here, we further expanded 2‐hydroxyacid monomer spectrum of PHAs by engineering Escherichia coli to produce PHAs containing 2‐hydroxyisovalerate (2HIV). To generate 2HIV in vivo, feedback resistant ilvBNmut genes encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase and ilvCD genes encoding ketol‐acid reductoisomerase and dihydroxyacid dehydratase, respectively, and panE gene encoding d‐2‐hydroxyacid dehydrogenase are overexpressed. Also, pct540 gene encoding evolved propionyl‐CoA transferase and phaC1437 gene encoding evolved PHA synthase are overexpressed along with ilvBNmut, ilvCD, and panE genes in E. coli strain for in vivo synthesis of 2HIV containing PHAs. E. coli strain expressing all of these genes can produce poly(13.2 mol% 2HIV‐co‐7.5 mol% 2HB‐co‐42.5 mol% 3HB‐co‐36.8 mol% LA) when it is cultured in a chemically defined medium containing 20 g/L of glucose and 2 g/L of sodium 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB). To produce PHA containing only 2HIV and LA monomers, poxB, pflB, adhE and frdB genes encoding enzymes involved in competing pathways for pyruvate are deleted so that cells can generate more 2HIV and LA. When this engineered E. coli strain expressing ilvBNmut, ilvCD, panE, pct540 and phaC1437 genes is cultured in the medium containing 20 g/L of glucose and 2 mM l‐isoleucine, which can inhibit l‐threonine dehydratase responsible for in vivo 2HB generation, poly(20 mol% 2HIV‐co‐80 mol% LA) can be produced to the polymer content of 9.6% w/w. These results suggest that novel PHAs containing 2HIV can be produced by engineering branched‐chain amino acid metabolism.