bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Pangolin Seizures in China Reveal Priority Areas for Intervention
Authors: Cheng Wenda , Xing Shuang , Bonebrake Timothy C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAll pangolin species globally are now listed under Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) due to escalating demand for their meat and scales, often for use in traditional medicine. While China has introduced pangolin trade restrictions, the country continues to represent the largest market and destination for pangolin products. We summarize pangolin seizure data reported in public media from 2008 to 2016, incorporating often neglected small seizures reported in Chinese. During that period, the equivalent of 65,849 pangolin individuals (23,109 individuals and 21,377 kg of scales) was recorded in 206 seizures in China. Using social network analysis, Guangzhou, Fangchenggang, and Kunming were identified as key nodes of the illegal pangolin market. Our work highlights the scale and scope of pangolin trade in China, applies novel methods for analyzing trade patterns, and offers guidance for future law enforcement and policy interventions for combatting wildlife trade internationally.
Metabolic responses to exercise on land and in water following glucose ingestion
Authors: Kurobe Kazumichi , Kousaka Ayaka , Ogita Futoshi , Matsumoto Naoyuki 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAlthough aerobic exercise after a meal decreases postprandial blood glucose, the differences in glucose response between land and aquatic exercise are unclear. Thus, we examined the effect of different modes of exercise with same energy expenditure following glucose ingestion on carbohydrate metabolism. Ten healthy sedentary men (age, 22 ± 1 years) participated in this study. All subjects performed each of three exercise modes (cycling, walking and aquatic exercise) for 30 min after ingestion of a 75‐g glucose solution with 1–2 weeks between trials. The exercise intensity was set at 40% of the maximum oxygen uptake that occurred during cycling. The velocity during walking and the target heart rate during aquatic exercise were predetermined in a pretest. The plasma glucose concentration at 30 min after exercise was significantly lower with aquatic exercise compared to that with cycling and walking (P<0·05). However, there were no significant differences among the three exercise modes in respiratory exchange ratio. On the other hand, serum free fatty acid concentration with aquatic exercise was significantly higher at 120 min after exercise compared with that after walking (P<0·05). These results suggest that aquatic exercise reduces postprandial blood glucose compared with both cycling and walking with the same energy expenditure. Aquatic exercise shows potential as an exercise prescription to prevent postprandial hyperglycaemia.
Prognostic evaluation by oxygenation with positive end‐expiratory pressure in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Ando Masahiko , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Kimura Tomoki , Kataoka Kensuke , Matsuda Toshiaki , Yokoyama Toshiki , Sakamoto Koji , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionAcute exacerbation (AE) is a severe complication of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which shares some common pathological features with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The new definition of ARDS requires positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) to assess gas exchange and has better predictive validity for short‐term mortality compared with the previous definition.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of oxygenation with PEEP in AE‐IPF.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using the data of AE‐IPF patients between 2007 and 2015. At the time of diagnosis, PaO2/FiO2 was evaluated before and 30 minutes after PEEP. We evaluated the prognostic utility of PaO2/FiO2 with PEEP after including other candidate prognostic factors. Considering the definition of ARDS, patients with AE‐IPF were classified into a severe group (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 with PEEP) and a non‐severe group (PaO2/FiO2 > 300 with PEEP).ResultsWe identified 62 consecutive patients with AE‐IPF. All patients were treated with mechanical ventilation on the first day. The median PaO2/FiO2 before and 30 minutes after PEEP was significantly increased (237.5‐425.5, P < .001). In multivariate Cox proportional analysis, Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6) (HR 1.239; 95%CI 1.050‐1.461; P = .011), D‐dimer (HR 1.039; 95%CI 1.015‐1.064; P = .001), % neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (HR 1.015; 95%CI 1.003‐1.027; P = .017), and being in the severe group (HR 3.233; 95%CI 1.503‐6.957; P = .003) had significant impacts on survival up to 90 days.ConclusionEvaluation of oxygenation with PEEP may provide useful information for predicting short‐term mortality in patients with AE‐IPF.
Clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease in China
Authors: Wang Lan , Zhao Qin‐Hua , Pudasaini Bigyan , Jiang Rong , Gong Su‐Gang , He Jing , Yuan Ping , Liu Jin‐Ming 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important complication of interstitial lung disease (ILD). The aim of the present study was to investigate characteristics and prognosis of ILD associated PH in a predominantly Chinese patient cohort.MethodsConsecutive patients with ILD associated PH, confirmed by right heart catheterization at shanghai pulmonary hospital were included in the study. Characteristics at baseline and during follow‐up, as well as survival, were analyzed.ResultsThis observational study was conducted in 26 patients with a mean age of 60.0 ± 12.2 y old. The 6‐min walking distance was 335.0 ± 190.9 m. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was 42.9 ± 10.9 mmHg, cardiac output was 4.4 ± 1.0 L/min, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was 8.6 ± 4.1 Wood Units. The mean PAP was ≥35 mmHg in 69.2% of cases. There were no difference in lung function parameters between ILD with PH and ILD without PH. The overall survival rate was 92% at 1 y, 82% at 3 y, and 62% at 5 y. PVR was the only variable significantly associated with death.ConclusionsSevere hemodynamic impairment along with PH can occur in patients with ILD. These patients have more severely impaired exercise capacity and cardiac function than ILD patients without PH. PVR was the only prognostic factor identified in this group of patients.
An alternative approach to modelling HbA1c trajectories in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: McEwan Phil , Bennett Hayley , Qin Lei , Bergenheim Klas , Gordon Jason , Evans Marc 
Published: December 2016

AimsTime‐dependent HbA1c trajectories in health economic models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are typically informed by the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). However, this approach may not accurately predict HbA1c progression in patients who do not conform to the demographic profile of the original UKPDS cohort. This study aimed to develop an alternative mathematical model (MM) to simulate HbA1c progression in T2DM.Materials and methodsA systematic literature review identified studies, published between 2005 and 2015, that reported HbA1c in adult T2DM patients over a minimum duration of 18 months. Pooled data from eligible studies were used to develop an alternative MM equation for HbA1c progression, which was then contrasted with the UKPDS 68 progression equation in illustrative scenarios.ResultsA total of 68 studies were eligible for data extraction (mean follow‐up time 4.1 years). HbA1c progression was highly heterogeneous across studies, varying with baseline HbA1c, treatment group and patient age. The MM equation was fitted with parameters for mean baseline HbA1c (8.3%), initial change in HbA1c (−0.62%) and upper quartile of maximum observed HbA1c (9.3%). Differences in HbA1c trajectories between the MM and UKPDS approaches altered the timing of therapy escalation in illustrative scenarios.ConclusionsThe MM represents an alternative approach to simulate HbA1c trajectories in T2DM models, as UKPDS data may not adequately reflect the heterogeneity of HbA1c profiles observed in clinical studies. However, the choice of approach should ultimately be determined by the characteristics of individual patients under consideration and the clinical face validity of the modelled trajectories.
Factors associated with changes in exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications in elderly hospitalized patients: multicentre longitudinal study
Authors: Dauphinot V. , Faure R. , Bourguignon L. , Goutelle S. , Krolak‐Salmon P. , Mouchoux C. 
Published: December 2016

Background and purposeElderly patients exposed to drugs with anticholinergic or sedative properties may have an increased risk of adverse events. This study aimed to assess the relationship between patient characteristics and changes of exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications during their hospital stay.MethodsA multicentre longitudinal study was set up on hospitalized patients (aged ≥65 years) using at least one drug at admission. The primary outcome was change of exposure to anticholinergic and sedative drugs between admission and discharge. Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, comorbidities, life habits and information about the hospital stay (origin of admission, reasons for hospitalization) were collected.ResultsThe study included 337 patients (mean age, 85.4 years) with an average hospital stay of 30.1 ± 37.5 days. The drug burden index increased during the hospital stay among males (P = 0.03), patients for whom the reason for hospitalization was either a stroke (P = 0.001) or inability to stay in their own home (P = 0.001), and patients with diabetes mellitus (P = 0.009). In the adjusted model, drug burden index increased among patients hospitalized for stroke, inability to stay in their own home or post‐surgery, and for patients with diabetes mellitus or hypertension.ConclusionsThe drug management of elderly patients during hospital stays may increase exposure to anticholinergic and sedative drugs. Although the anticholinergic and sedative properties may be in relation to the therapeutic purpose, they also represent an unexpected risk. Physicians and clinical pharmacists should consider performing optimization of the drug prescriptions for patients at risk.
Plasma D‐dimer levels and ischaemic lesions in multiple vascular regions can predict occult cancer in patients with cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Gon Y. , Sakaguchi M. , Takasugi J. , Kawano T. , Kanki H. , Watanabe A. , Oyama N. , Terasaki Y. , Sasaki T. , Mochizuki H. 
Published: December 2016

Background and purposeCancer patients with cryptogenic stroke often have high plasma D‐dimer levels and lesions in multiple vascular regions. Hence, if patients with cryptogenic stroke display such characteristics, occult cancer could be predicted. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of cryptogenic stroke as the first manifestation of occult cancer and to determine whether plasma D‐dimer levels and lesions in multiple vascular regions can predict occult cancer in patients with cryptogenic stroke.MethodsBetween January 2006 and October 2015, data on 1225 patients with acute ischaemic stroke were extracted from the stroke database of Osaka University Hospital. Among them, 184 patients were classified as having cryptogenic stroke, and 120 patients without a diagnosis of cancer at stroke onset were identified. Clinical variables were analyzed between cryptogenic stroke patients with and without occult cancer.ResultsAmong 120 cryptogenic stroke patients without a diagnosis of cancer, 12 patients had occult cancer. The body mass index, hemoglobin levels and albumin levels were lower; plasma D‐dimer and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels were higher; and lesions in multiple vascular regions were more common in patients with than in those without occult cancer. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma D‐dimer levels (odds ratio, 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.68–8.33; P = 0.002) and lesions in multiple vascular regions (odds ratio, 7.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.70–39.45; P = 0.01) independently predicted occult cancer.ConclusionsHigh plasma D‐dimer levels and lesions in multiple vascular regions can be used to predict occult cancer in patients with cryptogenic stroke.
Aggressive pruning strategy for time series retrieval using a multi‐resolution representation based on vector quantization coupled with discrete wavelet transform
Authors: Muhammad Fuad Muhammad Marwan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTime series representation methods are widely used to handle time series data by projecting them onto low‐dimensional spaces where queries are processed. Multi‐resolution representation methods speed up the similarity search process by using pre‐computed distances, which are calculated and stored at the indexing stage and then used at the query stage, together with filters in the form of exclusion conditions. In this paper, we present a new multi‐resolution representation method that combines the Haar wavelet‐based multi‐resolution method with vector quantization to maximize the pruning power of the similarity search algorithm. The new method is validated through extensive experiments on different datasets from several time series repositories. The results obtained prove the efficiency of the new method.
Proliferative characteristics of Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms ‐ clinical implications
Authors: Šefer D. , Bižić‐Radulović S. , Kraguljac‐Kurtović N. , Bogdanović A. , Čokić V. , Miljić P. , Beleslin‐Čokić B. , Knežević V. , Mitrović‐Ajtić O. , Leković D. , Gotić M. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIntroductionPhiladelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph−MPN) are characterized by overproduction of one or more blood cell lines.MethodsWe studied the proliferative characteristics of 91 patients with de novo Ph−MPN. Colony‐forming cells (CFC) and endogenous colonies (EC), from bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB), were analyzed by colony assay based on methylcellulose. The level of circulating CD34+ cells was determined by flow cytometry.ResultsThe total number of PB CFC in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) was increased compared to the control sample (P < 0.01) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) (P < 0.05). The highest number of BM and PB EC was observed in polycythemia vera (PV) (P < 0.01). Increased levels of CD34+ cells characterized early‐prefibrotic (57%) and advanced‐fibrotic PMF (90%) as compared to PV (34%) and ET (32%) (P < 0.01). In the whole Ph−MPN group, the total number of PB CFC (P < 0.01), PB EC (P < 0.05), and CD34+ cells (P < 0.01) correlated with the degree of BM fibrosis. Higher levels of circulating CD34+ cells in PMF correlated with the total number of PB EC (P < 0.05) and degree of BM fibrosis (P < 0.01).ConclusionsExploration of the PB proliferative characteristics of Ph−MPN on diagnosis may be helpful in revealing early‐prefibrotic PMF. Monitoring the levels of circulating CD34+ cells may provide a sensitive indicator of fibrotic evolution in PV and PMF.
The association between physical activity and mortality among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Zhang Lu , Luo Hongmei , Kang Geping , Wang Wenxia , Hu Yalan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess whether physical activity can predict mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). This observational study enrolled 317 patients undergoing MHD from Shanxi Provincial People Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University from February to June 2012. Physical activity was measured by using the Human Activity Profile (HAP) and the Stanford 7‐day Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire (PAR). Exercise or not, maximal activity score (MAS), adjusted activity score (AAS), light physical activities, moderate physical activities, and the PAR value were significantly associated with mortality among patients undergoing MHD. The patients with higher scores of maximal activity score (MAS), adjusted activity score (AAS), and PAR value; more hours of the light physical activities; and moderate physical activities have the lower mortality. Through multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusting for age, MAS, PAR value, and light physical activities can predict the mortality among patients undergoing MHD (P < .05), and the relative risk values were 0.44, 0.69, and 0.66, respectively. Baseline physical activities are independent predictors of mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Un nouveau programme de recherche pour évaluer l'effet des dispositions relatives au travail contenues dans les accords de libre‐échange européens
Authors: CAMPLING Liam , HARRISON James , RICHARDSON Ben , SMITH Adrian 
Published: December 2016

RésuméL'Union européenne a conclu à ce stade quelque cinquante accords de libre‐échange bilatéraux, auxquels une dizaine d'autres devraient s'ajouter prochainement. Ces textes comprennent désormais un chapitre intitulé «Commerce et développement durable», soit des dispositions relatives au travail d'une nature «promotionnelle» plutôt que «conditionnelle». Les auteurs s'attachent à préciser les atouts et les limites de cette association, parfois contestée ou jugée inefficace, entre objectifs commerciaux et objectifs sociaux, tout en soulignant l'insuffisance des connaissances en la matière. Pour y remédier, ils proposent un nouveau programme de recherche, aux fins d'une évaluation des effets concrets de ces dispositions relatives au travail dans les États partenaires.
Les droits au travail dans une économie mondialisée: les nouveaux modèles d'accords commerciaux et d'investissement des États‐Unis peuvent‐ils promouvoir les normes internationales du travail au Bangladesh?
Authors: BROWN Ronald C. 
Published: December 2016

RésuméLes accords internationaux de libre‐échange ou d'investissement offrent des possibilités considérable – mais inexploitées – de renforcement des normes du travail. Les dispositions relatives au travail inscrites dans l'accord commercial États‐Unis‐République de Corée marquent une indéniable amélioration à cet égard. Cependant, selon l'auteur, l'efficacité de l'accord est amoindrie par des mécanismes d'exécution insuffisants et la formulation des droits par référence à la Déclaration de l'OIT de 1998 plutôt qu'aux conventions fondamentales sur lesquelles elle est fondée. L'auteur examine les mesures à adopter pour que ces accords contribuent effectivement au renforcement des normes relatives au travail partout dans le monde.
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TEXTS IN CONTEXT. TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL DATA MODEL (THE THOT DATA MODEL - TDM)
Authors: POLIS STÉPHANE , RAZANAJAO VINCENT 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a conceptual data model which could be the basis for future implementations of databases and digital corpuses of Ancient Egyptian texts that fully integrate the material dimensions of writing. The types of metadata that can be used for documenting the elements and relationships of this model are discussed and the resources (URIs) available for its online implementation (in the perspective of the ‘linked open data’ movement) are examined.
NEW APPROACHES TO ANCIENT SPATIAL MODELS: DIGITAL HUMANITIES AND CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Authors: PALLADINO CHIARA 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper proposes a methodology to address the problem of the representation of Greek and Roman geography in the digital environment. As classical geography was not only a graphic representation of the world, but a multi-layered cultural system based on specific notions and concepts, it is now necessary to go beyond the taxonomy of place-names and their visualization on modern maps. The interpretation of ancient geography as a ‘mental model’ implies the importance of different and complementary aspects which should be addressed systematically: the expression of distances, the language of spatial orientation, the definition of environmental landmarks. For each of these aspects an integrated digital methodology is proposed, either implementing existing infrastructures or focusing on new strategies. The conclusion establishes a workflow to be tested on the corpus of the Geographi Graeci Minores, and extended to a variety of other texts.
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL LANGUAGES
Authors: SMITH NEEL 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper describes the design of a system for parsing ancient Greek morphologically, taking into account the distinctive requirements of studying a historical language. Sets of stems and inflectional patterns identified by URNs are expressed in a specified orthography, and are loaded dynamically when the parser is built. Analytical results are also expressed with URN values for lexical entity and form, so that replies identify both the result of the analysis and the logic leading to the result. The underlying engine uses finite transducers to collect possible analyses of Greek words stripped of accents. A wrapper program implements an ‘analysis by synthesis’ algorithm by adding appropriate accents for each candidate analysis, and comparing the result to the originally submitted form. Parsers can be built or tailored to specific corpora without programming, by editing tables of stems and inflectional patterns.
DOCUMENTING HOMERIC TEXT-REUSE IN THE DEIPNOSOPHISTAE OF ATHENAEUS OF NAUCRATIS
Authors: BERTI MONICA , BLACKWELL CHRISTOPHER , DANIELS MARY , STRICKLAND SAMANTHA , VINCENT-DOBBINS KIMBELL 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this article we discuss ongoing work on documenting text-reuse in the Deipnosophistae of Athenaeus of Naucratis. We present a data model for identifying uniquely instances of text-reuse that are as specific or non-specific as necessary, that can cover types of reuse from direct quotation, through paraphrase, to allusion, including instances where the reused text is non-contiguous. We illustrate our discussion with examples from our work, starting with six cases of reuses of Homer's Iliad in the Deipnosophistae. Our data model is developed on the Canonical Text Services (CTS), which is a protocol for identifying and retrieving passages of text based on concise, machine-actionable canonical citation. The data model consists of six fields, and we argue that each of these six is necessary, and that together they are sufficient.
Interarm blood pressure differences predict target organ damage in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Spannella Francesco , Giulietti Federico , Fedecostante Massimiliano , Ricci Maddalena , Balietti Paolo , Cocci Guido , Landi Laura , Bonfigli Anna Rita , Boemi Massimo , Espinosa Emma , Sarzani Riccardo 
Published: December 2016

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at high risk for atherosclerotic disease, and proper blood pressure measurement is mandatory. The authors examined the prevalence of an interarm difference (IAD) in blood pressure and its association with cardiovascular risk factors and organ damage (nephropathy, retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, and vascular damage) in a large diabetic population. A total of 800 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated with an automated simultaneous bilateral device (men: 422 [52.8%]; mean age: 68.1±12.2 years). Diabetic patients with systolic IAD ≥5 and systolic IAD ≥10 mm Hg showed an increased risk of having vascular damage (adjusted odds ratios: 1.73 and 2.49, respectively) and higher pulse pressure. IAD is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes, is associated with vascular damage, even for IAD ≥5 mm Hg, and should be accurately obtained to avoid underdiagnosis and undertreatment of hypertension.