bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity, Reactivity and Non‐Linear Optical Properties of New Pyrazoline Derivatives having Pyrrole moiety
Authors: Rawat Poonam , Singh R. N. , Sahu Sangeeta , Niranjan Priydarshni , Rani Himanshu , Saxena Rajat , Ahmad Sartaj 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to study antimicrobial activity, chemical reactivity and non‐linear optical properties of newly synthesized and characterized 2‐pyrazoline derivatives having pyrrole moiety (4a–d). 1,3,5‐trisubstituted pyrazoline derivatives (4a–c) and 3, 5‐di‐aryl N‐substituted carbonyl pyrazoline derivative (4 d) were synthesized by simple and efficient approach using cyclization reaction of chalcones (3a–c) and aromatic hydrazine (AH) / aromatic acid hydrazide (AAH) in the presence of acid catalyst. The conformational investigation has been performed with the help of potential energy surface scan to understand and find out the stable conformers. All synthesized compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic (1H and13C NMR, UV–Visible, FT–IR) techniques. Using self‐consistent reaction field (SCRF) method, the solvent‐induced effects on dipole moment (μ0), mean polarizability (|α0|), anisotropy of polarizability (Δα) and the first hyperpolarizability were studied for all compounds and found that theβ0values increase monotonically as the polarity increases. Theβ0values of compounds are higher than the standardp‐nitroaniline (p‐NA) in solvent as well as in gas phase. The screening of the synthesized compounds for antimicrobial activity was performed againstS. aureus, E. coli, C. AlbicansandA. niger. The assayed compounds showed a good antibacterial (against gram positive and negative bacteria) and antifungal activity.
Efficient Production of Hydrogen from Decomposition of Formic Acid over Zeolite Incorporated Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Gallas‐Hulin Agata , Mielby Jerrik , Kegnæs Søren 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFormic acid has a great potential as a safe and convenient source of hydrogen for sustainable chemical synthesis and renewable energy storage. Here, we report a heterogeneous gold nanoparticles catalyst for efficient production of hydrogen from vapor phase decomposition of formic acid using zeolite incorporated gold nanoparticles. The catalyst is prepared by pressure assisted impregnation and reduction (PAIR), which results in a uniform distribution of small gold nanoparticles that are incorporated into zeolite silicalite‐1 crystals. Consequently, the incorporated nanoparticles exhibit increased sintering stability. Based on these results, we believe that incorporation of metal nanoparticles in zeolites may find use as highly active and selective heterogeneous catalysts for the production of hydrogen in future renewable energy applications.
Direct Enzymatic Synthesis of 1‐Phosphatidyl‐β‐D‐glucose by Engineered Phospholipase D
Authors: Inoue Arisa , Adachi Masaatsu , Damnjanović Jasmina , Nakano Hideo , Iwasaki Yugo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA simple, direct method for the synthesis of 1‐phosphatidyl‐β‐D‐glucose (1‐PGlc) was established, being the first example of direct enzymatic synthesis of this recently discovered, highly important bioactive phospholipid. The method employs phospholipase D (PLD, E.C. 3.1.4.4)‐catalyzed transphosphatidylation, in which the polar head group of phosphatidylcholine is exchanged to glucose. Although wild‐type PLD can catalyze the transfer reaction, it provides only 6‐phosphatidyl‐glucose, a positional isomer of 1‐PGlc, due to its strong preference towards the primary hydroxyl group. To synthesize 1‐PGlc, engineered PLD variants, previously isolated as the ones active on secondary hydroxyls of inositol, were screened for the ability to catalyze the reaction. One of the variants, 187K/191W/385Y (KWY), was identified as the best‐performing in 1‐PGlc synthesis, however, in addition to 1‐PGlc the reaction with KWY also afforded undesired positional isomers as byproducts. To facilitate the isolation of 1‐PGlc, the isomers were converted into the corresponding amines by reductive amination. Following the column chromatography, the desired product was isolated with the overall yield of 12.5 %. The structure of the product was confirmed by 1H‐NMR analysis.
A Novel Protocol for the Cu‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling Reaction between Aryl Halides and Terminal Alkynes using trans‐1,2‐Diaminocyclohexane Ligand
Authors: Asha Sujatha , Thomas Anns Maria , Ujwaldev Sankuviruthiyil M. , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn efficient Sonogashira coupling reaction has been reported using cost effective and easily accessible CuI/trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane catalytic system. The newly developed method can be successfully employed for the coupling between aryl and heteroaryl halides with terminal acetylenes. Furthermore this methodology can be extended for the one pot synthesis of biologically active benzofuran derivatives.
Iron‐Mediated Direct Ortho‐ Nitration of Anilides and Aromatic Sulfonamides under Aerobic Oxidation Conditions.
Authors: Botla Vinayak , Ramana Daggupati V. , Chiranjeevi Barreddi , Chandrasekharam Malapaka 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDirect ortho‐nitration of anilides and aromatic sulfonamides employing inexpensive, nontoxic and readily available iron reagent is described. It is proposed that the aromatic nitration reaction operates through a single electron transfer (SET) mechanism and is effective in the absence of additive. The reaction produced a variety of mono nitrated derivatives with moderate to excellent yields. The reaction provides a practical method for the synthesis of nitro compounds owing to its simple experimental procedure, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope and the functional group compatibility.
Syntheses of Hierarchical MnO2via H2O2 Selectively Reducing KMnO4 for Catalytic Combustion of Toluene
Authors: Chen Jin , Chen Xi , Xu Zhen , Xu Wen‐Jian , Li Juan‐Juan , Jia Hong‐Peng , Chen Jing 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMnO2 materials were facilely prepared via the rapid redox reactions of KMnO4 and H2O2 in acidic medium, which exhibit the significant improvement of catalytic activity in the degradation of gaseous toluene compared to commercial MnO2. It was found that the molar ratio of H2O2/KMnO4 has a great influence on the crystalline phase, morphology and average oxidation state of the as‐prepared MnO2. The 3‐MnO2 sample prepared by using three equivalents of stoichiometric H2O2 displays the best catalytic activity for the total combustion of toluene (concentration is up to 1000 ppm) at 300 oC. The mechanism of the influence of different H2O2 addition amount has also been discussed by catalytic performance and nature of materials.
Pine Wood Extracted Activated Carbon through Self‐Activation Process for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Xia Changlei , Kang Chiwon , Patel Mumukshu D. , Cai Liping , Gwalani Bharat , Banerjee Rajarshi , Shi Sheldon Q. , Choi Wonbong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSelf‐activation is an ecological friendly and inexpensive process for the fabrication of large scale activated carbon (AC), which precludes the use of activating agents and takes advantage of the emitted gases from the simple pyrolysis of pine wood to stimulate the converted carbon. The tailoring of process parameters such as dwelling time assists in optimizing the pore size distribution comprised of meso‐ and micropores, offering favorable physical properties including specific surface area of 2738 m2 g−1 and specific pore volume of 2.209 cm3 g−1 for superior electrochemical performance of Li‐ion batteries. The AC‐based anode shows a high cycling stability with a reversible specific capacity of 384 mAh g−1 at 1C after 200 cycles, which is close to the theoretical specific capacity of graphite. The finding suggests that the self‐activation process, a green, scalable, and efficient process, has great potential to be developed into next‐generation high‐performance electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices.
Dual Behaviour of Amorphous Carbon Released Electrochemically from Graphite
Authors: Oliveira Maria C. , Viana Ana S. , Botelho do Rego Ana M. , Ferraria Ana M. , Tavares Pedro B. , Veloso Andreia D. , Videira Romeu A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHere we show that the main product released from graphite in the early stages of the anodic polarization is a carbon‐based salt comprised of an amorphous carbonaceous material with delocalized negative charge, counterbalanced by sodium cations. Remarkably, this material shows a dual behaviour: it behaves as an electrolyte in aqueous medium, which has the ability to enhance the capacitive properties of the electrode‐solution interface and in the solid state it can be used as an electrode material with meaningful capacitive properties.
Extremely Small Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized with Catechol‐Functionalized Multidentate Block Copolymer for Enhanced MRI
Authors: Li Puzhen , Xiao Wangchuan , Chevallier Pascale , Biswas Depannita , Ottenwaelder Xavier , Fortin Marc‐André , Oh Jung Kwon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn effective mussel‐inspired multidentate block copolymer strategy having pendant anchoring catechol groups (Cat‐MDBC) to stabilize extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles (ESNPs) in water is reported. The resultant aqueous Cat‐MDBC/ESNP colloids with diameter ≈16 nm and core diameter ≈2 nm were non‐toxic to cells up to 200 μg/mL and exhibit excellent colloidal stability in physiological condition (pH=7) as well as in the presence of IgG model protein. More promisingly, they had the relaxivity ratio to be r2/r1=1.5, which is significantly lower than PEG‐coated SNPs with core diameter=1.5‐6 nm; further which is similar to those of Gd‐DOTA T1‐weighted contrast agents. These results suggest that aqueous Cat‐MDBC/ESNP colloids could be a promising candidate for T1‐weighted MRI contrast enhancement.
Versatile, Fast, and Easy One‐Step Method for the Synthesis of Hydrophilic Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles
Authors: Graña‐Suárez Laura , Verboom Willem , Sarkar Shyam , Mahalingam Venkataramanan , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe preparation of hydrophilic lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (NPs) following a versatile one‐step colloidal method at low temperature and short reaction time with different doped lanthanides, capping ligands, and fluoride sources is presented. The photoluminescence of the particles, via both downshifting (DS) and up‐conversion (UC), was easily tuned from blue or green by simply changing the lanthanides used. When using the same core type of particles, the size and the photoluminescence intensity were tuned by changing the fluoride source or the capping ligand used: the size of the DSNPs varied from 9 nm (PAA) to 24 nm (PEI) when changing the capping ligand, while if PAA was used as capping ligand, the nanoparticles presented the most intense emission bands. Supramolecular host groups were introduced on the surface of the UCNPs by grafting cyclodextrin (CD) groups onto the capping ligand PiBMA prior to particle synthesis, reaching a CD surface density of 0.28 CD nm‐2. In this case, a small particle size (11.7 nm) and strong UC emission bands were observed.
Phase‐Transfer Catalysis with Ionene Polymers
Authors: Tiffner Maximilian , Zielke Katharina , Mayr Judith , Häring Marleen , Díaz Díaz David , Waser Mario 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIonene polymers were found to be versatile phase‐transfer catalysts for a variety of different reactions like α‐alkylation reactions or Michael addition reactions. Reasonably low catalyst loadings allowed us to obtain the target products under operationally simple biphasic conditions at ambient temperature and the ionenes can be recovered and reused by simple filtration.
Building the drains: the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease
Authors: Venero Galanternik Marina , Stratman Amber N. , Jung Hyun Min , Butler Matthew G. , Weinstein Brant M. 
Published: August 2016

The lymphatic vasculature is comprised of a network of endothelial vessels found in close proximity to but separated from the blood vasculature. An essential tissue component of all vertebrates, lymphatics are responsible for the maintenance of fluid homeostasis, dissemination of immune cells, and lipid reabsorption under healthy conditions. When lymphatic vessels are impaired due to invasive surgery, genetic disorders, or parasitic infections, severe fluid build‐up accumulates in the affected tissues causing a condition known as lymphedema. Malignant tumors can also directly activate lymphangiogenesis and use these vessels to promote the spread of metastatic cells. Although their first description goes back to the times of Hippocrates, with subsequent anatomical characterization at the beginning of the 20th‐century, the lack of identifying molecular markers and tools to visualize these translucent vessels meant that investigation of lymphatic vessels fell well behind research of blood vessels. However, after years under the shadow of the blood vasculature, recent advances in imaging technologies and new genetic and molecular tools have accelerated the pace of research on lymphatic vessel development. These new tools have facilitated both work in classical mammalian models and the emergence of new powerful vertebrate models like zebrafish, quickly driving the field of lymphatic development back into the spotlight. In this review, we summarize the highlights of recent research on the development and function of the lymphatic vascular network in health and disease. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:689–710. doi: 10.1002/wdev.246This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular
Four Gadolinium Coordination Compounds Derived from Various Tetrazole‐Containing Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Shen Lei , Min Yu‐Ting , Bai Xue , Wang Jing , Wu Qi , Yang Jie , Chen Hong‐Jian , Geng Fei , Yang Gao‐Wen , Li Qiao‐Yun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractReactions of four different tetrazole‐containing carboxylic acids with GdCl3·6H2O, produced the coordination compounds, [Gd4(pytza)5(H2O)10(μ‐O) Cl]·4H2O·2Cl (1) [pytza = 2‐(5‐(pyridine‐4‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazole‐2‐yl)acetato], [Gd(pztza)2(H2O)6]·pztza·3H2O (2), [pztza = 2‐(5‐(pyrazin‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl) acetato], [Gd(pmtza)2(H2O)6]Cl·2H2O (3), [pmtza = 2‐(5‐(pyrimidyl‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl) acetato], and Gd(tzpya)2(H2O)5]Cl·4H2O (4) [tzpya = 2‐(4‐(5H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)pyridin‐1(4H)‐yl) acetato]. The compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 displays a 2D single layered network and compounds 2–4 are mononuclear. Compounds 1–4 are self‐assembled to form 3D networks by hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, the luminescent properties in the solid state at room temperature were investigated.
Effect of combined spinal–epidural analgesia in labor on frequency of emergency cesarean delivery among nulliparous Chinese women
Authors: Wang Fen , Cao Yun‐xia , Ke Shan‐gao , Zhu Tao‐hua , Zhang Miao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether combined spinal–epidural analgesia (CSEA) during labor increases the frequency of emergency cesarean delivery among Chinese nulliparous women.MethodsIn a retrospective study, the medical records of nulliparous women with a singleton fetus in cephalic presentation who delivered at term at Tongling Maternity Hospital, China, between January 2012 and December 2014 were reviewed. Information about CSEA, mode of delivery, labor duration, oxytocin augmentation, and neonatal outcome was obtained. Logistic regression was used to examine independent associations between CSEA and emergency cesarean after controlling for confounding variables.ResultsAmong 3456 women included, 1786 (51.7%) received CSEA and 1670 (48.3%) received no labor analgesia. Emergency cesarean was more frequent among CSEA users (219/1786 [12.3%]) than non‐users (119/1670 [7.1%]; P < 0.001). Among the maternal–fetal variables included in multivariate regression, maternal age, maternal height, cervical dilatation at admission, birth weight, and CSEA use were significantly associated with emergency cesarean. After adjustment, women with CSEA maintained a slightly increased risk for cesarean (adjusted odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.20–2.00).ConclusionAmong Chinese nulliparous women, use of CSEA for labor pain was associated with an increased risk of emergency cesarean delivery; moreover, this effect was maintained after adjustment for other potential obstetric risk factors.
Spatio-temporal variability of past accumulation rates inferred from isochronous layers at Dome A, East Antarctica
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Sun Bo , Tang Xueyuan , Pang Xiaoping , Cui Xiangbin , Guo Jingxue , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTStudies of palaeo-accumulation rates at Dome A, East Antarctica, are entirely absent. Here, spatio-temporal variations in ice accumulation rates for the past ~161 ka are calculated from isochronous internal layering, traced from radio-echo sounding (RES) data collected by the Polar Research Institute of China (PRIC) during the 21st CHINARE. The layers are dated by linking them to the site of Vostok ice core along an RES profile, which was flown by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI) in the Dome Connection East Antarctica (DoCo) project. The Dansgaard-Johnsen model is used to determine the spatial and temporal pattern of ice accumulation in Dome A region. The results show that there is a slight increasing pattern of ice accumulation from south to north along the 216 km radar profile at Dome A. The lowest ice accumulation rates were calculated around the Dome A zone. In the past ~90 ka, there were relatively high accumulation rates during the time period 34–47 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 3) at Dome A.
Analytical Critiques of Whitehead's Metaphysics
Authors: MCHENRY LEEMON B. , SHIELDS GEORGE W. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT:Analytic philosophers have criticized A. N. Whitehead's metaphysics for being obscure, yet several such philosophers have espoused positions in metaphysics and philosophy of mind that were advanced by Whitehead in the 1920s. In this paper, we evaluate the merits and demerits of these criticisms by Bertrand Russell, W. V. Quine, Karl Popper, and others and then demonstrate the affinities and contrasts in the positions advanced by Galen Strawson, David Chalmers, Thomas Nagel, and Whitehead regarding so-called ‘analytic panexperientialism’.
“Surveillance of the Surveillers”: Regulation of the Private Security Industry in South Africa and Kenya
Authors: Diphoorn Tessa 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:The growth of the private security industry on the African continent has resulted in an expanding labor force engaged in surveillance-type activities. This article analyzes various levels of regulation of private security officers as a form of surveillance. Based on qualitative methodology, it compares the numerous regulatory efforts implemented by the state, industry, and companies of the private security industry in Kenya and South Africa and shows that although different, they essentially share the ultimate aim of controlling private security officers, i.e., to implement a means of “surveillance of the surveillers.”
“Mundane Sights” of Power: The History of Social Monitoring and Its Subversion in Rwanda
Authors: Purdeková Andrea 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:By tracing the Rwandan state’s “mundane sights”—everyday forms of presence and monitoring—the article sheds light on the historical development and striking continuities in “interactive surveillance” across a century of turbulent political change. It considers three emblematic surveillance technologies—the institution ofnyumbakumi, the identity card, andumugandaworks (and public activities more broadly)—which, despite their implication in genocide, were retained, reworked, and even bolstered after the conflict ended. The article investigates what drives the observed continuity and “layering” of social monitoring over time, highlighting the key role played by ambiguity and ambivalence in this process. The research expands the concept of political surveillance, moving away from the unidirectional notion of “forms of watching,” and questions any easy distinctions between visibility and invisibility in the exercise of power or its subversion.
Surveillance in Niger: Gendarmes and the Problem of “Seeing Things”
Authors: Göpfert Mirco 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:Today, high-tech surveillance seems omnipresent in Niger, particularly because of the conflicts in neighboring Mali, Libya, and Nigeria and efforts by the U.S. and France to boost local security agencies. However, Niger is not a very efficient “registering machine,” and the gendarmes have very limited knowledge of the communities in which they work. The key to overcoming this problem of knowledge—to “see things,” as the gendarmes put it—is the nurturing of good relationships with potential informants. But as the gendarmes depend on the knowledge of locals, the power relationship between the surveillers and those observed proves far more ambiguous than generally assumed.
Are Rawlsian Considerations of Corporate Governance Illiberal? A Reply to Singer
Authors: Blanc Sandrine 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT:Singer has recently argued that questions related to corporate governance are beyond the reach of Rawls’s political conception of justice. This is because justice applies to the basic structure of society, understood as society’s legally coercive structures, and because corporate governance cannot be considered part of this structure in political liberalism. This commentary challenges the second part of the argument. First, it suggests that the criterion used to exclude corporate governance from the basic structure—whether employees can exit economic organizations—is not conclusive for corporate governance, notably as institutionalized in corporate law. Second, even if the focus were on corporate governance, it would still be possible to argue that it legally coerces citizens, if not employees, in a relevant way. Thus, the argument is not successful in demonstrating that political liberalism goes beyond its legitimate boundaries when considering that aspects of corporate governance may be matters of justice.