bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bromodeoxyuridine DNA labelling reveals host and parasite proliferation in a fish‐myxozoan model
Authors: Estensoro I , Pérez‐Cordón G , Sitjà‐Bobadilla A , Piazzon M C 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEnteromyxum leei is a myxozoan parasite responsible for enteritis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The parasite proliferates in the paracellular space of the intestinal epithelium and induces an inflammatory reaction. To assess intestinal cell turnover and parasite proliferation, fish were infected with the parasite by anal intubation; after 17 and 64 days, the cell proliferative marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered; and after 24 hr, tissue samples were taken for immunohistochemical detection. Parasite exposure induced increased epithelial and immune cell proliferation in all intestinal segments at all time points, even before parasite establishment. This increased turnover was triggered early after intubation and mainly at a local level, as shown by an increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) gene expression only at the posterior intestine after 17 days (not found in lymphohaematopoietic organs). Incorporation of BrdU in parasite secondary and tertiary daughter cells indicated that parasite endogeny is not by schizogonial division, which uses de novo synthesis pathway of pyrimidines. Altogether, BrdU immunolabelling and pcna gene expression showed the rapid proliferative response of the fish intestines upon a myxozoan infection and how this response is effectively triggered even before the parasite reaches or establishes in the site.
Opportunity Cost Pass‐Through from Fossil Fuel Market Prices to Procurement Costs of the U.S. Power Producers
Authors: Chu Yin , Holladay J. Scott , LaRiviere Jacob 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the transmission of fossil fuel commodity spot market price changes to procurement costs of U.S. power producers. We measure and compare the speed and magnitude with which spot prices predict procurement costs using restricted access fuel price data. Natural gas spot prices are quickly reflected in procurement costs. Coal spot prices offer very little predictive power to coal procurement costs. Although not causal, the empirical results also show differences across regulatory status. These findings may have implications for the electricity market deregulation literature that creates marginal cost curves as a competitive benchmark.
Sensitivity to boscalid in field isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from rapeseed in Henan Province, China
Authors: Liu Shengming , Fu Liuyuan , Hai Fei , Jiang Jia , Che Zhiping , Tian Yuee , Chen Genqiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important disease of oilseed rape in Henan province of China. Boscalid belongs to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides, many of which have strong antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum. In 2015, a total of 175 isolates of S. sclerotiorum were collected from diseased oilseed rape plants in seven different regions of Henan Province. The EC50 values of 175 isolates of S. sclerotiorum to boscalid ranged from 0.0073 to 0.3880 μg ml−1, and the mean EC50 value was 0.15 ± 0.09 μg ml−1. The frequency distribution was unimodal. There was no cross‐resistance between boscalid and carbendazim, procymidone, iprodione, dimethachlone, fludioxonil or fluazinam. Field experiments showed that control efficacies of treatments with boscalid (50% WG) at 225, 300 and 375 g ai ha−1 were 71%, 81% and 90%, respectively. In contrast, the control efficacy of carbendazim (50% WP) at 1,500 g ai ha−1 was only 52%.
Unexpected discovery of small HNF1α‐inactivated hepatocellular adenoma in pathological specimens from patients resected for liver tumours
Authors: Balabaud Charles , Laurent Christophe , Le Bail Brigitte , Castain Claire , Possenti Laurent , Frulio Nora , Chiche Laurence , Blanc Jean Frédéric , Bioulac ‐Sage Paulette 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsIt is rare but not uncommon to discover micro/small HNF1α‐inactivated hepatocellular adenoma (H‐HCA) outside the context of resected H‐HCA. We aimed to review our cases of micro/small H‐HCA discovered by chance on different kinds of liver resected specimens.MethodsWe retrieved cases of micro/small H‐HCA discovered by chance on resected specimens outside the context of H‐HCA. All these nodules were liver fatty acid binding protein (LFABP)‐negative contrasting with normal positivity in the surrounding non‐tumoural liver, ruling out the possibility of focal steatosis or other subtypes of micro‐HCAs.ResultsWe identified 19 micro/small H‐HCA cases. In 16 cases they were discovered in patients who underwent surgery for benign nodules including one haemangioma, six focal nodular hyperplasia, seven inflammatory HCA (including one with b‐catenin activation), one HCA, whose subtype could not be identified because of massive necrosis/hemorrhage, and one hepatocellular carcinoma. In two additional cases, patients followed up for a melanoma underwent liver surgery to remove micro nodules possibly related to a metastatic process. Finally in one case a micro nodule was seen and resected during a cholecystectomy.ConclusionTaken together, H‐HCAs are more frequent than we initially supposed as micro and small HCAs cannot all be detected by routine ultrasound. Despite no information on the potential growth of these micro/small H‐HCAs, there is no argument to stop oral contraceptives or to ask for a specific regular surveillance. The association of different subtypes of HCAs with focal nodular hyperplasia suggests they share or have common etiological factors.
Repeated intravesical injections of platelet‐rich plasma are effective in the treatment of interstitial cystitis: a case control pilot study
Authors: Jhang Jia‐Fong , Wu Shu‐Yu , Lin Teng‐Yi , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveInterstitial cystitis (IC), also known as bladder pain syndrome (BPS), is a debilitating chronic disease. There are few treatment options for IC/BPS refractory to current medical therapy. This study investigated the clinical efficacy of intravesical injections of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in IC/BPS.MethodsFifteen patients with IC/BPS received 4 intravesical injections, at 1‐monthly intervals, of 12 mL PRP extracted from 50 mL of the patient's whole blood, followed by cystoscopic hydrodistention. The primary endpoint was the change in O’Leary‐Sant symptom (OSS) index from baseline to 1 month after the 4th PRP injection. Secondary endpoints were changes in pain (measured using a visual analog scale [VAS]), daily frequency, nocturia, functional bladder capacity (FBC), maximum flow rate, voided volume, post‐void residual (PVR) volume, and global response assessment (GRA). Urinary cytokine levels were measured at baseline and 1 month after the 1st PRP treatment.ResultsOf the 15 women in the study, 13 completed the 4 injections and follow‐up visits (mean [± SD] age 52.9 ± 12.1 years). The OSS index and VAS pain score decreased significantly and FBC and GRA increased after the 1st PRP injection and lasted until the final endpoint. There was no change in PVR after repeated PRP injections, and all patients were free of urinary tract infections and difficulty urinating. Urinary interleukin (IL)‐2 and IL‐8 concentrations increased significantly after the 1st PRP injection. In patients with reductions in the VAS pain score ≥1, urinary IL‐8 and vascular endothelial growth factor increased. In patients without reductions in the VAS pain score, IL‐6 concentrations increased after PRP injection.ConclusionsRepeated intravesical PRP injections are well tolerated and appear to be safe and effective in medically refractive IC/BPS, providing significant symptom improvement.
Effect of intradialytic resistance training on pulse wave velocity and associated cardiovascular disease biomarkers in end stage renal disease
Authors: Chan Danwin , Green Simon , Fiatarone Singh Maria A , Barnard Robert , Bonder Claudine S , Cheema Birinder S 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAimsCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance haemodialysis treatment. This study investigated the effect of a 12‐week intradialytic progressive resistance training (PRT) intervention on pulse wave velocity (PWV) and associated haemodynamic, anthropometric, and hematologic outcomes in patients with ESRD.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with ESRD (59% men, 71.3 ± 11.0 years) were recruited. Supervised PRT (three sets of 11 exercises) was prescribed three times per week during routine dialysis. The primary outcome was brachial‐ankle PWV via applanation tonometry. Secondary outcomes included augmentation index, brachial and aortic blood pressures, endothelial progenitor cells, C‐reactive protein, blood lipids and anthropometrics.ResultsThe intradialytic PRT regimen resulted in no significant change in PWV between control and intervention periods [mean difference = 0 (95% CI = −0.1 to 0.1); P = 0.58]. Similarly, no significant change was noted in any secondary outcome measures between the control and intervention periods. Post‐hoc analyses limited to high adherers (≥75% attendance; n = 11) did not differ from the primary analysis, indicating no dose–response effect of our intervention.ConclusionOur 12‐week PRT intervention did not change PWV or any secondary outcomes. Future studies should determine if higher dosages of intradialytic PRT (i.e. longer duration and/or higher intensity) can be applied as a method to improve arterial stiffness to potentially reduce cardiovascular disease and associated mortality this cohort.
Childhood obesity policies – mighty concerns, meek reactions
Authors: Vallgårda S. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe increasing number of children defined as overweight or obese is causing concern among politicians and health advocates; several countries have launched policies addressing the issue.MethodThe paper presents an analysis of how the childhood obesity is defined, explained and suggested policies to address the problem from the WHO, the EU, Canada, England and New Zealand.ResultsConsidering the dramatic language used when describing childhood obesity, the proposed interventions are modest. Either the politicians do not consider the problem that great after all, or other concerns, such as the freedom of the food and drink industry and local authorities, are seen as more important. The causes identified are multiple and varied, including the physical and commercial environment, whereas the interventions primarily address the information level of the population, placing responsibility on the shoulders of the parents. Only the World Health Organization argues that statutory measures are required, and the English Government suggests one: a levy on sugary drinks. Otherwise, local authorities, schools and the industry are expected to act on a voluntary basis. Very little is explicitly substantiated by evidence, and the evidence cited is sometimes misinterpreted or disregarded.ConclusionThere is a discrepancy between how the problem of childhood obesity is presented as alarming and the modest measures suggested.
Tinea capitis mimicking dissecting cellulitis in three children
Authors: Shastry Jennifer , Ciliberto Heather , Davis Dawn Marie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTinea capitis mimicking dissecting cellulitis is a rare presentation, and there is a paucity of information regarding this presentation in the literature. Three children 10‐14 years of age who presented with an unusual clinical manifestation of tinea capitis that clinically resembled dissecting cellulitis are reported. The patients were treated with systemic antifungals for 3‐4 months. Treatment success was measured according to repeat fungal cultures and clinical assessment of hair regrowth at follow‐up visits. All three patients had resolution of infection, with negative repeat fungal cultures and complete hair regrowth without scarring. These cases highlight a rare inflammatory subtype of tinea capitis that can be easily misdiagnosed and therefore improperly treated, prolonging the duration of infection.
Insight Into Malachite Green Degradation, Mechanism and Pathways by Morphology‐Tuned α‐NiMoO4 Photocatalyst
Authors: Ray Schindra Kumar , Dhakal Dipesh , Lee Soo Wohn 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe microwave hydrothermal process was used for the synthesis of various morphologies of α‐NiMoO4 by simply adjusting the pH during experimental conditions. The effect of morphology/size on the photocatalytic performances for degradation of malachite green (MG) has been investigated under UV‐Vis/visible light irradiation. Nanorod morphology has strong tendency to degrade (88.18%) the MG as compared to spherical quantum‐sized (57.65%) and layered square microsheet (37.98%) under UV‐Vis irradiation in 180 min. The active species trapping experiment revealed that active species (OH•, O2•− and h+) play a crucial role for MG degradation. The high BET surface area, greater amount of oxygen defect and efficient separation of electron–hole pair are responsible for MG degradation. About seventeen types of organic fragments of MG were confirmed by high resolution‐quadruple time of flight electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HR‐QTOF ESI/MS) technique on the basis of retention time and molecular masses. Degradation mechanism and pathways were proposed that follow the demethylation, nitration, decarboxylation, hydrolysis, decarboxylation and oxidation reaction. The reduction of total organic carbon revealed the mineralization of MG during photocatalytic degradation process. Therefore, this article represents the investigation of MG degradation by various morphology of α‐NiMoO4 and detailed degradation mechanism and pathways.
Development of three fusarium crown rot causal agents and systemic translocation of deoxynivalenol following stem base infection of soft wheat
Authors: Beccari G. , Prodi A. , Pisi A. , Nipoti P. , Onofri A. , Nicholson P. , Pfohl K. , Karlovsky P. , Gardiner D. M. , Covarelli L. 
Published: December 2017

Fusarium pseudograminearum, F. culmorum and F. graminearum are the most important fusarium crown rot (FCR) causal agents. They have the common ability to biosynthesize deoxynivalenol (DON). To elucidate the behaviour of each of the three species, a comparative study was carried out to investigate symptom progression, fungal systemic growth and translocation of DON following stem base inoculation of soft wheat. FCR symptoms were mainly localized in the inoculated area, which extended up to the second node for all inoculated species. Only the most aggressive strains caused symptoms up to the third node. Real‐time quantitative PCR showed that fungal colonization reached the third node for all the tested species, but a low percentage of plants showed colonization above the third node following inoculation with the most aggressive strains. Fungal growth was detected in symptomless tissues but none of the three species was able to colonize as far as the head tissues. However, even if the pathogens were not detected in the heads, DON was detected in head tissues of the plants inoculated with the most aggressive strains. These results demonstrate that F. pseudograminearum, F. culmorum and F. graminearum, under the same experimental conditions, follow a similar pattern of symptom progression, fungal colonization and DON translocation after stem base infection. Differences in the extent of symptoms, fungal colonization and mycotoxin distribution were mainly attributable to strain aggressiveness. These findings provide comparative information on the events following infection of the stem base of wheat by three of the most important FCR casual agents.
Which Schools and Pupils Respond to Educational Achievement Surveys?: A Focus on the English Programme for International Student Assessment Sample
Authors: Durrant Gabriele B. , Schnepf Sylke V. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryNon-response is a major problem facing research in the social sciences including in education surveys. Hence, research is needed to understand non-response patterns better as well as non-response as a social phenomenon. Findings may contribute to improvements in the future designs of such surveys. Using logistic and multilevel logistic modelling we examine correlates of non-response at the school and pupil level in the important educational achievement survey the ‘Programme for International Student Assessment’ (PISA) for England. The analysis exploits unusually rich auxiliary information on all schools and pupils sampled for PISA, whether responding or not, from two large-scale administrative sources on pupils’ socio-economic background and results in national public examinations. This information correlates highly with the PISA target variable. Findings show that characteristics that are associated with non-response differ between the school and pupil levels. Our results also indicate that schools matter in explaining pupil level response, which is often ignored in non-response analysis. Our findings have important implications for future education surveys. For example, if replacement schools are used to improve response, our results suggest that it may be more important to match initial and replacement schools on the socio-economic composition of their pupils than on any of the factors that are currently used.
Bounded, Efficient and Multiply Robust Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using Instrumental Variables
Authors: Wang Linbo , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric 
Published: December 2017

SummaryInstrumental variables are widely used for estimating causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. Under the standard instrumental variable model, however, the average treatment effect is only partially identifiable. To address this, we propose novel assumptions that enable identification of the average treatment effect. Our identification assumptions are clearly separated from model assumptions that are needed for estimation, so researchers are not required to commit to a specific observed data model in establishing identification. We then construct multiple estimators that are consistent under three different observed data models, and multiply robust estimators that are consistent in the union of these observed data models. We pay special attention to the case of binary outcomes, for which we obtain bounded estimators of the average treatment effect that are guaranteed to lie between −1 and 1. Our approaches are illustrated with simulations and a data analysis evaluating the causal effect of education on earnings.
Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation Associated With Resistance Training on Muscular Strength, Hypertrophy, and Muscle Quality in Preconditioned Older Women
Authors: Sugihara Junior Paulo , Ribeiro Alex S. , Nabuco Hellen C.G. , Fernandes Rodrigo R. , Tomeleri Crisieli M. , Cunha Paolo M. , Venturini Danielle , Barbosa Décio S. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of whey protein (WP) supplementation on muscular strength, hypertrophy, and muscular quality in older women preconditioned to resistance training (RT). In a randomized, double-blind, and placebo (PLA)-controlled design, 31 older women (67.4 ± 4.0 years, 62.0 ± 6.9 kg, 155.9 ± 5.7 cm, and 25.5 ± 2.4 kg/m2) received either 35 g of WP (n = 15) or 35 g of PLA (n = 16) over a 12-week study period while performing an RT program three times a week. Dietary intake, one-repetition maximum test, and skeletal muscle mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed before and after the intervention period. Both groups showed significant (p < .05) improvements in skeletal muscle mass and total strength, and the WP group realized greater increases (p < .05) in these measures compared with PLA (skeletal muscle mass: WP = +4.8% vs. PLA = +2.3%; strength: WP = +8.7% vs. PLA = +4.9%). Muscular quality increased (p < .05) in both groups (WP = +2.9% vs. PLA = +1.5%) without statistical differences (p > .05) noted between conditions. We conclude that WP supplementation in combination with RT induces higher increases in both strength and hypertrophy in older women preconditioned to RT.
First and Second Step Characteristics of Amputee and Able-Bodied Sprinters
Authors: Strutzenberger Gerda , Brazil Adam , Exell Timothy , von Lieres und Wilkau Hans , Davies John D. , Willwacher Steffen , Funken Johannes , Müller Ralf , Heinrich Kai , Schwameder Hermann , Potthast Wolfgang , Irwin Gareth 
Published: December 2017

Context: In sprint events, the first 2 steps are used to accelerate the center of mass horizontally and vertically. Amputee athletes cannot actively generate energy with their running-specific prosthesis. It is likely that sprint acceleration mechanics, including step asymmetry, are altered compared with able-bodied athletes. Purpose: To investigate spatiotemporal and kinetic variables of amputee compared with able-bodied sprinters. Methods: Kinematic and kinetic data of the first and second stance were collected from 15 able-bodied and 7 amputee sprinters (2 unilateral transfemoral, 4 unilateral transtibial, and 1 bilateral transtibial) with a motion-capture system (250 Hz) and 2 force plates (1000 Hz). In addition, bilateral asymmetry was quantified and compared between groups. Results: Compared with able-bodied athletes, amputee athletes demonstrated significantly lower performance values for 5- and 10-m times. Step length, step velocity, and step frequency were decreased and contact times increased. Peak horizontal force and relative change of horizontal velocity were decreased in both stances. Peak vertical force and relative change of vertical velocity were lower for the amputee than the able-bodied group during the first stance but significantly higher during the second stance. During the first stance, able-bodied and amputee sprinters displayed a similar orientation of the ground-reaction-force vector, which became more vertically orientated in the amputee group during second stance. Amputee sprinters showed significantly greater asymmetry magnitudes for vertical force kinetics compared with able-bodietd athletes. Conclusion: A running-specific prosthesis does not replicate the function of the biological limb well in the early acceleration phase.
The Effect of Training Loads on Performance Measures and Injury Characteristics in Rugby League Players: A Systematic Review
Authors: Booth Mark , Orr Rhonda , Cobley Stephen 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review into the effect of training load (TL) on both performance measures and injury characteristics in rugby league players. Methods: Based on PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of electronic databases was performed from the earliest record to December 2016. Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and AusSportMed) were searched using keywords within the subcategories of population (rugby league players), intervention (training quantification), and outcomes (performance or injury). Original peer-reviewed published manuscripts were considered if they had a clear quantification of TL (eg, session rating of perceived exertion), clear measures of performance (tests of physiological parameters relative to rugby league players [eg, agility]), and/or injury characteristics (eg, injury incidence). Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The highest TL was observed in preseason training phases. Higher TL elicited greater improvements in maximal aerobic power, vertical jump (in cm), and agility scores (in s). Higher TL was associated with higher incidence of muscular strains and joint sprains, lower-limb injuries, and overexertion and overuse injuries. Conclusions: Findings suggest a dose–response relationship between TL, physical performance, and injury characteristics. However, due to study and methodological limitations, the precise nature of this relationship is, as yet, inconclusive. Therefore, the development of uniform TL definition and quantification and further research is warranted.