bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible Role of Different Yeast and Plant Lysophospholipid:Acyl‐CoA Acyltransferases (LPLATs) in Acyl Remodelling of Phospholipids
Authors: Jasieniecka‐Gazarkiewicz Katarzyna , Demski Kamil , Lager Ida , Stymne Sten , Banaś Antoni 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRecent results have suggested that plant lysophosphatidylcholine:acyl‐coenzyme A acyltransferases (LPCATs) can operate in reverse in vivo and thereby catalyse an acyl exchange between the acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) pool and the phosphatidylcholine. We have investigated the abilities of Arabidopsis AtLPCAT2, Arabidopsis lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase (LPEAT2), S. cerevisiae lysophospholipid acyltransferase (Ale1) and S. cerevisiae lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (SLC1) to acylate lysoPtdCho, lysoPtdEtn and lysoPtdOH and act reversibly on the products of the acylation; the PtdCho, PtdEtn and PtdOH. The tested LPLATs were expressed in an S. cervisiaeale1 strain and enzyme activities were assessed in assays using microsomal preparations of the different transformants. The results show that, despite high activity towards lysoPtdCho, lysoPtdEtn and lysoPtdOH by the ALE1, its capacities to operate reversibly on the products of the acylation were very low. Slc1 readily acylated lysoPtdOH, lysoPtdCho and lysoPtdEtn but showed no reversibility towards PtdCho, very little reversibility towards PtdEtn and very high reversibility towards PtdOH. LPEAT2 showed the highest levels of reversibility towards PtdCho and PtdEtn of all LPLATs tested but low ability to operate reversibly on PtdOH. AtLPCAT2 showed good reversible activity towards PtdCho and PtdEtn and very low reversibility towards PtdOH. Thus, it appears that some of the LPLATs have developed properties that, to a much higher degree than other LPLATs, promote the reverse reaction during the same assay conditions and with the same phospholipid. The results also show that the capacity of reversibility can be specific for a particular phospholipid, albeit the lysophospholipid derivatives of other phospholipids serve as good acyl acceptors for the forward reaction of the enzyme.
Functionality of Coatings with Salep and Basil Seed Gum for Deep Fried Potato Strips
Authors: Karimi Nazgol , Kenari Reza Esmaeilzadeh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe investigate the efficiency of using a coating made from novel hydrocolloid basil seed gum (BSG), salep, and a mixed solution of BSG and salep as well as oil origin (canola or palm olein) to reduce oil absorption in deep‐fried potato strips. We also evaluate the coating pick up, its effect on moisture content, frying yield value of fried potatoes and flow behavior of the coating suspensions. Flow curves show that all the studied suspensions are pseudoplastic and have shear thinning characteristics. The most effective coating formulations were 0.5 % BSG and 1.5 % salep. For these formulations, maximum oil uptake reduction was 28.8 and 28.7 % for potato strips compared to uncoated samples; the increase in moisture content was 29.1 and 17.5 %, respectively. Furthermore, the increase in moisture content resulted in an increase in frying yield up to 16.62 % for 0.5 % BSG. The oil type significantly (p < 0.05) influenced oil uptake.
“Are CRT upgrade procedures more complex and associated with more complications than de novo CRT implantations?” A single centre experience
Authors: ter Horst I.A.H. , Kuijpers Y. , van ’t Sant J. , Tuinenburg A.E. , Cramer M.J. , Meine M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine whether cardiac resynchronisation therapy upgrade procedures are more complex and associated with more complications than de novo implantations.MethodWe retrospectively compared 134 upgrade procedures performed between 2006–2012 with a random, equally sized, sample of de novo CRT device implantations in the same period. Procedural data and the occurrence of periprocedural (≤ 30 days) and long-term device-related (≤ 1 year) complications were analysed. Complications with consequences were defined as those in need of adjustment of standard care.ResultsMedian time to upgrade was 57 (31–115) months. There were no significant differences in procedure duration, radiation time or total hospitalisation between upgrades and de novo implantations. Perioperative complications occurred in 6.7 % of upgrade patients and in 9.0 % of de novo patients. The most frequently seen complications were phrenic nerve stimulation, coronary sinus dissection and pocket haematoma. Procedure success was comparable (upgrade: 98.5 % versus de novo: 96.3 %). A total of 236 patients completed 1 year of follow-up. Ten (4.2 %) patients had a long-term device-related complication with consequences including phrenic nerve stimulation, lead dislodgement/dysfunction, and infection (upgrade: 3.5 % versus de novo: 4.9 %).ConclusionUpgrade procedures are not more complex nor associated with more complications than de novo CRT implantations.
THE IMPACT OF PRICE VARIABILITY ON CASH/FUTURES MARKET RELATIONSHIPS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MARKET EFFICIENCY AND PRICE DISCOVERY
Authors: ARNADE CARLOS , HOFFMAN LINWOOD 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between cash and futures prices of soybeans and soybean meal from 1992 to 2013. Error correction models are estimated for the prices of both commodities. An exogenous measure of price variability is included in both models to determine if variability increases the speed with which cash and futures prices return to their long-run equilibrium relationship. This is used to measure the impact of price variability on short-run market efficiency and the price discovery process. The findings indicate that the level of price variability influences market adjustment rates and the price discovery process.
Critical Appraisal of the Milwaukee Protocol for Rabies: This Failed Approach Should Be Abandoned
Authors: Zeiler Frederick A. , Jackson Alan C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Milwaukee protocol has been attributed to survival in rabies encephalitis despite a lack of scientific evidence supporting its therapeutic measures. We have reviewed the literature with reference to specific treatment recommendations made within the protocol. Current literature fails to support an important role for excitotoxicity and cerebral vasospasm in rabies encephalitis. Therapies suggested in the Milwaukee protocol include therapeutic coma, ketamine infusion, amantadine, and the screening/prophylaxis/management of cerebral vasospasm. None of these therapies can be substantiated in rabies or other forms of acute viral encephalitis. Serious concerns over the current protocol recommendations are warranted. The recommendations made by the Milwaukee protocol warrant serious reconsideration before any future use of this failed protocol.
SONS OR DAUGHTERS? SEX PREFERENCES AND THE REVERSAL OF THE GENDER EDUCATIONAL GAP
Authors: Hazan Moshe , Zoabi Hosny 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:We provide a new explanation for the narrowing and reversal of the gender education gap. We assume that parents maximize the full income of their children and that males have an additional income, independently of education. This additional income biases preferences toward sons and implies that females have relative advantage in producing income through education. When the returns to human capital are low, the bias toward sons is high, so that parents whose first newborns are females have more children. Consequently, daughters are born to larger families and hence receive less education. As returns to human capital increase, gender differences in producing income diminish, bias toward sons declines, variation in family size falls and the positive correlation between family size and the number of daughters is weakened. Ultimately, the relative advantage of females in education dominates differences in family size, triggering the reversal in the gender education gap.
Internal hydraulic jumps in two-layer systems
Authors: Baines Peter G. 
Published: December 2015

This paper describes a new model of internal hydraulic jumps in two-layer systems that places no restrictions (such as the Boussinesq approximation) on the densities of the two fluids. The model is based on that of Borden and Meiburg (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 276, 2013, R1) for Boussinesq jumps, and has the appropriate behaviour in various limits (single-layer, small amplitude, Boussinesq, infinite depth). The energy flux loss in each layer across the jump is positive for all realistic jumps, reaching a maximum for the jump with maximum speed. Larger-amplitude jumps are possible, with decreasing energy loss, down to the ‘conjugate state’ of zero energy loss. However, it is argued that such states may be difficult to realise in practice, and if formed, will tend to the jump with maximum speed. The energy loss is mostly in the contracting layer unless the density there is small. The two-layer model is extended to incorporate mixing between the layers within the jump, with mixing based on the Richardson number.
Intermittency caused by compressibility: a Lagrangian study
Authors: Yang Yantao , Wang Jianchun , Shi Yipeng , Xiao Zuoli , He X. T. , Chen Shiyi 
Published: December 2015

We investigate how compressibility affects the turbulent statistics from a Lagrangian point of view, particularly in the parameter range where the flow transits from the incompressible type to a state dominated by shocklets. A series of three-dimensional simulations were conducted for different types of driving and several Mach numbers. For purely solenoidal driving, as the Mach number increases a new self-similar region first emerges in the Lagrangian structure functions at sub-Kolmogorov time scale and gradually extends to larger time scale. In this region the relative scaling exponent saturates and the saturated value decreases as the compressibility becomes stronger, which can be attributed to the shocklets. The scaling exponent for the inertial range is still very close to that of incompressible turbulence for small Mach number, and discrepancy becomes visible when the Mach number is high enough. When the driving force is dominated by the compressive component the shocklet-induced self-similar region occupies a much wider range of time scales than that in the purely solenoidal driving case. Regardless of the type of driving force, the probability density functions of the velocity increment collapse onto one another for the time scales in the new self-similar region after proper normalization.
The leafminerLiriomyza trifolii(Diptera: Agromyzidae) encapsulates its koinobiont parasitoidHalticoptera circulus(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): implications for biological control
Authors: Kemmochi T. , Fujimori S. , Saito T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe koinobiont parasitoidHalticoptera circulus(Walker) is a potential biological control agent of leafminers, but it has only rarely been collected from the invasive leafminer,Liriomyza trifolii(Burgess), in Japan. To understand why this is the case, parasitism and development ofH. circulusinL. trifoliiwas compared with parasitism and development in two indigenous leafminer species,Liriomyza chinensisKato andChromatomyia horticola(Goureau). There was no significant difference in parasitism rates byH. circulusin the three leafminer species and the eggs and larvae successfully developed inL. chinensisandC. horticola. However,H. circulusfailed to develop inL. trifolii, where developmental stages were encapsulated by host haemocytes. This parasitoid may be a good agent to control indigenous leafminers such asL. chinensisandC. horticolabut is unlikely to be useful for the biological control of the invasiveL. trifoliiin Japan.
The Uneven Recruitment of Korean Miners in Japan in the 1910s and 1920s: Employment Strategies of the Miike and Chikuhō Coalmining Companies
Authors: Arents Tom , Tsuneishi Norihiko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAfter Japan’s colonization of Korea in 1910, many Korean peasants lost their land owing to the changes imposed in agriculture, and several Japanese coalmining companies started to recruit them as a colonial surplus population. Despite the low wages they offered, not all of the companies relied on Korean miners – the distribution of this workforce was strikingly uneven. Focusing on the mines of Chikuhō and Miike in the Fukuoka prefecture during the 1910s and 1920s, this article argues that the distribution of Koreans was a consequence of uneven capital accumulation among different mining companies. This unevenness reflected the differing wages and recruitment policies of these companies. Correlating earlier groups of cheap labourers, such as convict workers, to this history, we suggest some explanations as to why some mining companies brought Korean workers into the coal-production process as an immediately available, cheap, and disposable workforce, while others did not.
23.—The Synthesis of Derivatives of Acenaphthenone
Authors: Bedford Michael J. , Crombie Douglas A. 
Published: December 2015

Acenaphthenequinone (I) condensed with ethyl cyanoacetate in ethanol to give the unsaturated ester (IIIb) while condensation with malonic acid in toluene in the presence of diethylamine gave the hydroxy acid (IIa). Esterification of this acid gave an ester (IIb) which could also be obtained by condensation of acenaphthenequinonewith ethyl hydrogen malonate. The acid (IIa) on dehydration gave 2-oxo-Δ1,α-acenaphtheneacetic acid (IIIa) of m.p. 230°C. This result seems to be in conflict with that of Rodionov and Federova (1950) who reported a m.p. of 160° for the acid (IIIa) which they obtained directly by condensation of acenaphthenequinone with malonic acid in ethanol in the presence of ammonia. Our efforts to repeat their result gave only impure polymeric material and it seems unlikely, therefore, that their product was simply the geometric isomer of our acid.
Diversity matters: parent input predicts toddler verb production
Authors: HSU NING , HADLEY PAMELA A. , RISPOLI MATTHEW 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe contribution of parent input to children's subsequent expressive verb diversity was explored in twenty typically developing toddlers with small verb lexicons. Child developmental factors and parent input measures (i.e. verb quantity, verb diversity, and verb-related structural cues) at age 1;9 were examined as potential predictors of children's verb production in spontaneous language samples at age 2;3. Parent verb input diversity, rather than input quantity, was the primary input factor contributing to children's subsequent verb diversity. Regression analysis showed that verb diversity in parent input at age 1;9 accounted for 30% of the variance in children's verb production six months later, with children's total vocabulary size at age 1;9 accounting for an additional 16% of the variance. These findings demonstrate the relative contributions of developmental and input factors to individual differences in toddlers’ language development and establish the importance of input diversity to verb acquisition.
The Lasting Legacy of War: Epidemiology of Injuries from Landmines and Unexploded Ordnance in Afghanistan, 2002–2006
Authors: Bilukha Oleg O. , Brennan Muireann , Anderson Mark 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroduction:Due to several decades of armed conflict and civil unrest, Afghanistan is one of the countries most affected by landmines and unexploded ordnance worldwide.Objective:The study was performed to assess the magnitude of injuries due to landmines and unexploded ordnance in Afghanistan during 2002–2006 and to describe epidemiological patterns and potential risk factors for these events.Methods:Surveillance data including 5,471 injuries caused by landmines and unexploded ordnance in Afghanistan during 2002-2006 were analyzed. The International Committee of the Red Cross collects data on such injuries from 490 reporting health facilities and volunteers throughout the country. These surveillance data were used to describe injury trends, victim demographics, injury types, risk behaviors, and explosive types related to landmine and unexploded ordnance accidents.Results:The largest number of injuries (1,706) occurred in 2002. The number declined sharply to 1,049 injuries in 2003, and remained relatively stable with slight decline thereafter. Overall, 92% of victims were civilians, 91% were males, and 47% were children < 18 years of age. The case-fatality ratio was 17%. Approximately 50% of all injuries were caused by unexploded ordnance and 42% by landmines. Among children, 65% of injuries were caused by unexploded ordnance and only 27% by landmines, whereas in adults, most injuries (56%) were caused by landmines. The most common risk behaviors among children were tending animals, playing, and tampering with explosive devices. In adults, most common risk behaviors were traveling, performing activities of economic necessity, and tampering with explosives. Twenty-eight percent of the surviving victims who received mine awareness training and 2% of those who did not receive such training reported that the area where event occurred was marked.Conclusions:The large number of injuries and high proportion of child victims suggest that clearance and risk education activities fall short of achieving their goals, and must be substantially improved or expanded. Especially concerning is the high proportion of injuries caused by unexploded ordnance, and the high number of injuries sustained while tampering with explosive devices. Because unexploded ordnance is more visible than are landmines, and ordnance contaminated areas are cheaper to clear than are minefields, these injuries are highly preventable and should be a priority for clearance and risk education efforts.
Binge Drinkers Are Fast, Able to Stop – but They Fail to Adjust
Authors: Bø Ragnhild , Aker Martin , Billieux Joël , Landrø Nils Inge 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBinge drinking leads to brain damage. However, at present few studies have taken into account the continuity in the binge drinking phenomenon, and treated binge drinking as a clearly separable category from other types of drinking patterns. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether severity of binge drinking can predict specific neurocognitive changes in healthy young adults. A total of 121 students aged 18 to 25 were assessed by means of the three last questions of the Alcohol Use Questionnaire combined into binge score. The binge score was entered as a predictor of cognitive performance of the CANTAB Stop Signal Task including reaction time, inhibition processing time, and response adjustment. Anxiety and depression symptoms were also measured. Binge score significantly predicted less adjustment following failures, and faster reaction times. Binge score did not predict inhibition performance. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were not significantly related to binge score. Binge drinking in healthy young adults predicts impairment in response adjustment and fast reaction time, but is unrelated to inhibition. The study supports the view that binge drinking is a continuous phenomenon, rather than discrete category, and the findings are possibly shedding light on why binge drinkers continue their drinking pattern despite negative consequences. (JINS, 2016,22, 38–46)
Implications of supermarket access, neighbourhood walkability and poverty rates for diabetes risk in an employee population
Authors: Herrick Cynthia J , Yount Byron W , Eyler Amy A 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveDiabetes is a growing public health problem, and the environment in which people live and work may affect diabetes risk. The goal of the present study was to examine the association between multiple aspects of environment and diabetes risk in an employee population.DesignThis was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Home environment variables were derived using employees’ zip code. Descriptive statistics were run on all individual- and zip-code-level variables, stratified by diabetes risk and worksite. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was then conducted to determine the strongest associations with diabetes risk.SettingData were collected from employee health fairs in a Midwestern health system, 2009–2012.SubjectsThe data set contains 25 227 unique individuals across four years of data. From this group, using an individual’s first entry into the database, 15 522 individuals had complete data for analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of high diabetes risk in this population was 2·3 %. There was significant variability in individual- and zip-code-level variables across worksites. From the multivariable analysis, living in a zip code with higher percentage of poverty and higher walk score was positively associated with high diabetes risk, while living in a zip code with higher supermarket density was associated with a reduction in high diabetes risk.ConclusionsOur study underscores the important relationship between poverty, home neighbourhood environment and diabetes risk, even in a relatively healthy employed population, and suggests a role for the employer in promoting health.
Declining resilience of ecosystem functions under biodiversity loss
Authors: Oliver Tom H. , Isaac Nick J. B. , August Tom A. , Woodcock Ben A. , Roy David B. , Bullock James M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe composition of species communities is changing rapidly through drivers such as habitat loss and climate change, with potentially serious consequences for the resilience of ecosystem functions on which humans depend. To assess such changes in resilience, we analyse trends in the frequency of species in Great Britain that provide key ecosystem functions—specifically decomposition, carbon sequestration, pollination, pest control and cultural values. For 4,424 species over four decades, there have been significant net declines among animal species that provide pollination, pest control and cultural values. Groups providing decomposition and carbon sequestration remain relatively stable, as fewer species are in decline and these are offset by large numbers of new arrivals into Great Britain. While there is general concern about degradation of a wide range of ecosystem functions, our results suggest actions should focus on particular functions for which there is evidence of substantial erosion of their resilience.
Magnetic microscopy and topological stability of homochiral Néel domain walls in a Pt/Co/AlOx trilayer
Authors: Benitez M. J. , Hrabec A. , Mihai A. P. , Moore T. A. , Burnell G. , McGrouther D. , Marrows C. H. , McVitie S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe microscopic magnetization variation in magnetic domain walls in thin films is a crucial property when considering the torques driving their dynamic behaviour. For films possessing out-of-plane anisotropy normally the presence of Néel walls is not favoured due to magnetostatic considerations. However, they have the right structure to respond to the torques exerted by the spin Hall effect. Their existence is an indicator of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). Here we present direct imaging of Néel domain walls with a fixed chirality in device-ready Pt/Co/AlOx films using Lorentz transmission electron and Kerr microscopies. It is shown that any independently nucleated pair of walls in our films form winding pairs when they meet that are difficult to annihilate with field, confirming that they all possess the same topological winding number. The latter is enforced by the DMI. The field required to annihilate these winding wall pairs is used to give a measure of the DMI strength. Such domain walls, which are robust against collisions with each other, are good candidates for dense data storage.