bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Changes of Alveolar Ridges and Nasolabial Structures Following a Digital Nasoalveolar Molding Therapy With a Novel Nasal Stent Activation Protocol
Authors: Parakarn Hathaichanok , Pisek Poonsak , Wangsrimongkol Buddhathida 
Published: October 2024

Digital orthodontics has been integrated into NasoAlveolar Molding (NAM) therapy to overcome challenges in the conventional NAM method. This study introduced an individualized Digital NAM (iDNAM) and evaluated the changes in the alveolar ridges and nasolabial morphology after iDNAM treatment. Prospective data were collected from 15 infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who underwent iDNAM therapy. An intraoral-and-nasolabial scan was used to create a virtual setup model and plate generation. A total of 2 plates were required under the iDNAM treatment protocol. The first iDNAM plate has a specific interior and exterior design to allow continuous force application with minimal plate adjustment. After an intermediate scan, a nasal stent was meticulously incorporated into the second plate for nasal molding. To activate the nasal stent, a silicone molding extension was used instead of manually adding acrylic. The alveolar cleft gap was significantly reduced by 7.48 ± 2.06 mm. On the cleft side, statistically significant increases occurred in nostril height, columellar length, and nasal base–columellar angle (2.08 ± 0.63 mm, 2.58 ± 0.28 mm, and 22.29 ± 0.88 degrees, respectively). By using 2 serial plates, iDNAM improved the alveolar cleft gap and the nasal morphology in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. An addition of a nasal extension to the second iDNAM plate presents a challenge as accurate positioning is required for appropriate activation force. The iDNAM plate design and nasal activation protocol reduce the need for chairside adjustment and the number of appointments.
A Comparative Study of Traditional and Computer-aided Surgical Simulation Guides in Orthognathic Correction of Bimaxillary Protrusion
Authors: Yang Guojun , Xie Fang , Chen Fuhuan , Li Lei , Li Binghang , Dong Yuting , Yang Bin 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
To compare the efficacy of traditional occlusal guides with computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) guides in enhancing postoperative outcomes for patients with bimaxillary protrusion.

Methods:
This retrospective study evaluated 34 patients undergoing anterior maxillary and mandibular subapical osteotomy at the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Fourteen patients were treated using traditional occlusal guides, whereas 20 patients were treated with CASS guides (median age 28.6 years, median follow-up 259 days). Pre and postoperative cephalometric indicators were measured using cephalometric software. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 14.0, with significant differences determined at P < 0.05.

Results:
All 34 patients experienced primary healing without complications. Follow-up indicated significant improvements in key cephalometric measurements in the CASS group compared with the traditional group, including mandibular position (SNB angle, P < 0.001), jaw relationship (ANB angle, P < 0.001), facial angle (FH-NPo, P = 0.002), and condyle-to-sella distance (Co-S, P = 0.024). The CASS group also showed better aesthetic outcomes, with significant reductions in overjet (P = 0.012), overbite (P = 0.001), and improved alignment of upper and lower incisors (U1-L1 angle, P = 0.031).

Conclusion:
CASS-guided surgery offers a superior alternative to traditional methods for treating bimaxillary protrusion, providing more precise and aesthetically pleasing results. This study highlights the significant advantages of using advanced digital simulation and 3-dimensional printing technologies in orthognathic surgery.
The role of digital health interventions in supporting family caregivers for people with dementia to improve quality of life
Authors: Farnood Annabel , Johnston Bridget , Evans Catherine 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Dementia is a chronic progressive terminal condition. Most care is provided by family caregivers (including close friends); their wellbeing is a public health priority. Caregivers manage increasingly complex needs with disease progression, and declining cognitive and physical function. This can impact the well-being of caregivers, and meaningful support is essential. This review article aims to understand what the benefits and challenges of digital health interventions are and provide considerations for future development of digital health interventions for family caregivers for people with dementia, to improve quality of life.

Recent findings
Benefits include the valuable source of support from connective platforms; 24/7 accessibility; and opportunity for remote monitoring. However, this needs to balance with challenges, including the privacy of data concerns; and the digital divide driving inequalities in care provision for family caregivers with no access to internet devices.

Summary
Digital health interventions can positively impact the overall well-being of family caregivers for people with dementia. If challenges are addressed and digital health interventions are designed to meet priorities for family caregivers, this can help improve the quality of life for family caregivers of people with dementia.
Programming the mechanical properties of double-corrugated metamaterials by varying mountain-valley assignments
Authors: Li Mengyue , Peng Rui , Ma Jiayao , Chen Yan 
Published: October 2024

Origami metamaterials have gained significant attention in recent years, with extensive analysis conducted on their mechanical properties. Previous studies have primarily focused on the effects of design angles, panel side lengths, folding angles or other geometric and material parameters. However, mountain-valley crease assignments of origami patterns, which significantly effect both the geometric and mechanical properties, have yet to be studied in depth. In this article, we create a series of double-corrugated metamaterials with diverse mountain-valley assignments and analyse their Poisson’s ratios and mechanical properties under compression loading. The findings of our study demonstrate that varying the mountain-valley assignments allows for the construction of metamaterials with consistent or distinct Poisson’s ratios. These assignments have the capability to program the magnitude and to vary the rate of the folding angles. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the corresponding metamaterials, in particular the specific energy absorption (SEA) and normalized stiffness, exhibit positive correlations with the respective folding angles. Our study highlights the significance of varying mountain-valley assignments as a promising approach for designing origami metamaterials and programming their mechanical properties.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Origami/Kirigami-inspired structures: from fundamentals to applications’.
Evaluating dynamic models for rigid-foldable origami: unveiling intricate bistable dynamics of stacked-Miura-origami structures as a case study
Authors: Fang Hongbin , Wu Haiping , Liu Zuolin , Zhang Qiwei , Xu Jian 
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in origami science and engineering have particularly focused on the challenges of dynamics. While research has primarily focused on statics and kinematics, the need for effective and processable dynamic models has become apparent. This paper evaluates various dynamic modelling techniques for rigid-foldable origami, particularly focusing on their ability to capture nonlinear dynamic behaviours. Two primary methods, the lumped mass–spring–damper approach and the energy-based method, are examined using a bistable stacked Miura-origami (SMO) structure as a case study. Through systematic dynamic experiments, we analyse the effectiveness of these models in predicting bistable dynamic responses, including intra- and interwell oscillations, in different loading conditions. Our findings reveal that the energy-based approach, which considers the structure’s inertia and utilizes dynamic experimental data for parameter identification, outperforms other models in terms of validity and accuracy. This model effectively predicts the dynamic response types, the rich and complex nonlinear characteristics and the critical frequency where interwell oscillations occur. Despite its relatively increased complexity in model derivation, it maintains computational efficiency and shows promise for broader applications in origami dynamics. By comparing model predictions with experimental results, this study enhances our understanding of origami dynamics and contributes valuable insights for future research and applications.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Origami/Kirigami-inspired structures: from fundamentals to applications’.
Molecular analysis of HBV pre-core gene mutations in patients co-infected with HIV at a tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Sami Hiba , Asaad Mohd , Firoze Safiya , Husaini Syed Haider Mehdi , Khan Parvez A , Fatima Nazish , Raza Adil , Khan Haris M 
Published: October 2024

Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) spontaneous mutations may impact the severity of liver disease. This study aimed to assess the mutations in the PC region in HBV-HIV co-infected patients. Additionally, we explored its association with genotypes and examined the clinical implications.
Methods: A total of 100 patients of HBV-HIV co-infected, and 50 HBV mono-infected were included in the study. Serum samples from individuals with detectable HBV DNA were submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using pre-core primers. The pre-core region of the HBV genome was sequenced and analysed for PC mutant variants. PCR products underwent purification by the QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Germany), quantification was done on the Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometer and sequencing by Sanger method at Eurofins Genomics. The generated sequences were assembled, annotated, were aligned in one frame, analyzed for the mutations and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the UGENE software. Phylogenetic analysis was used to carry out the genotyping.
Results: The pre-core region was successfully amplified and sequenced in a total of 27 samples (16 HBV-HIV co-infected; 11 HBV mono-infected). Phylogenetic analysis revealed HBV genotypes D and A across all study samples, with genotype D comprising 24 (88.9%), and genotype A accounting for 3 (11.1%). A T to C mutation in the pre-core region at nucleotide position 1912 was found in 48.1% of the patients. A1850T, C1858T, G1899A, G1862T, G1951T, T1812C, T1809G, and additional novel pre-core region mutations, including C1936T, A2011G, T2020A, and C2044T were among the other HBV pre-core mutations found in this study. The genotyping results indicated that the patients had HBV genotypes A (11.1%) and D (88.9%). The incidence of detected pre-core mutations did not differ significantly between those with HBV mono-infection and those with HBV-HIV dual infection.
Conclusion: This study emphasized the occurrence of PC mutations in HBV-HIV co-infected patients. Mutation T1912C was predominantly found in genotype D, whereas some mutations such as T1809C, A1850T, and C1858T were exclusively found in genotype A. Some of the mutations found in this study were already reported in previous studies, but some novel mutations were also reported. Further studies are required to study the clinical correlation of these novel mutations.
SAMSN1 causes sepsis immunosuppression by inducing macrophages to express coinhibitory molecules that causes T cell exhaustion via KEAP1-NRF2 signaling
Authors: Li Yao , Li Tingting , Xiao Fei , Wang Lijun , Liao Xuelian , Kang Yan , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmunosuppression has been found to be closely related to the pathogenesis of sepsis, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified that SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1 (SAMSN1), a gene encoding a putative adaptor protein, plays an important role in immunosuppression in sepsis. The expression of SAMSN1 was significantly increased in patients with sepsis and was positively correlated with sepsis mortality. When sepsis occurs, the number of monocyte-macrophages increases significantly, among which SAMSN1 is highly expressed. SAMSN1 binds to KEAP1, causing NRF2 to dissociate from the KEAP1-NRF2 complex and translocate into the nucleus, promoting the transcription of co-inhibitory molecules CD48/CD86/CEACAM1, which bind to their corresponding receptors 2B4/CTLA4/TIM3 on the surface of T cells, inducing T cell exhaustion. SAMSN1 blockade alleviated organ injuries and improved survival of septic mice. Our study reveals a novel mechanism that triggers immunosuppression in sepsis and may provide a candidate molecular target for sepsis immunotherapy.
Zebrafish Avatar-test predicts patient’s tumor response to chemotherapy in breast cancer: a co-clinical study towards personalized medicine
Authors: Mendes Raquel V. , Ribeiro Joana M. , Gouveia Helena , de Almeida Cátia Rebelo , Castillo-Martin Mireia , Brito Maria José , Canas-Marques Rita , Batista Eva , Alves Celeste , Sousa Berta , Gouveia Pedro , Ferreira Miguel Godinho , Cardoso Maria João , Cardoso Fatima , Fior Rita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChemotherapy remains the mainstay in most high-risk breast cancer (BC) settings, with several equivalent options of treatment. However, the efficacy of each treatment varies between patients and there is currently no test to determine which option will be the most effective for each individual patient. Here, we developed a fast in-vivo test for BC therapy screening: the zebrafish patient derived xenograft model (zAvatars), where in-vivo results can be obtained in just 10 days. To determine the predictive value of the BC zAvatars we performed a clinical study, where zAvatars were treated with the same therapy as the donor-patient and their response to therapy was compared. Our data shows a 100% correlation between patient’s clinical response to treatment and its matching zAvatar. Altogether, our results suggest that the zAvatar model constitutes a promising in-vivo assay to optimize cancer treatments in truly personalized manner.
Evoked response signatures explain deep brain stimulation outcomes
Authors: Bahners Bahne H. , Goede Lukas L. , Meyer Garance M. , Poser Luise , Hart Lauren A. , Pijar Julianna , Rajamani Nanditha , Hollunder Barbara , Madan Savir , Oxenford Simón , Waterstraat Gunnar , Curio Gabriel , Schnitzler Alfons , Florin Esther , Kühn Andrea A. , Fox Michael D. , Horn Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Still, DBS parameter programming currently follows a tedious trial-and-error process. DBS-evoked cortical potentials (EP) might guide parameter selection but this concept has not yet been tested. Further, mountingwetEEG systems is too time-consuming to scale in outpatient clinic settings. Here, we test the utility of a novel method that leverages thespatial patternof EP using adryEEG setup. We acquired EP in 58 hemispheres in patients with Parkinson’s disease and compute a model which represents the optimal EP response pattern associated with maximal clinical improvements. Once defined, we use this pattern to estimate stimulation outcomes in unseen patients. Finally, we utilize it to identify optimal stimulation contacts in five unseen hemispheres where it selected the correct contact in all cases. The simple setup makes this novel method an attractive option to guide DBS programming in clinical practice.
Personalized Thalamic Electrical Stimulation for Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Damiani Arianna , Nouduri Sirisha , Ho Jonathan C. , Salazar Steven , Jegou Aude , Reedy Eliza , Ikegaya Naoki , Sarma Sridevi , Aung Thandar , Pirondini Elvira , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTargeted electrical stimulation to specific thalamic regions offers a therapeutic approach for patients with refractory focal and generalized epilepsy who are not candidates for resective surgery. However, clinical outcome varies significantly, in particular for focal epilepsy, influenced by several factors, notably the precise anatomical and functional alignment between cortical regions generating epileptic discharges and the targeted thalamic stimulation sites.Here we hypothesized that targeting thalamic nuclei with precise anatomical and functional connections to epileptic cortical areas (an approach that we refer to as hodological matching) could enhance neuromodulatory effects on focal epileptic discharges. To investigate this, we examined three thalamic subnuclei (pulvinar nucleus, anterior nucleus, and ventral intermediate nucleus/ventral oral posterior nuclei) in 32 focal epilepsy patients.Specifically, we first identified hodologically organized thalamocortical fibers connecting these nuclei to individual seizure onset zones (SOZs), combining neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques. Further, analysis of 216 spontaneous seizures revealed the critical role of matched thalamic nuclei in seizure development and termination. Importantly, electrical stimulation of hodologically-matched thalamic nuclei immediately suppressed intracortical interictal epileptiform discharges, contrasting with ineffective outcomes from stimulation of unmatched targets. Finally, we retrospectively evaluated 7 patients with a chronic hodologically-matched neurostimulation system, which led to a clinically relevant reduction in seizure frequency (median reduction 86.5%), that outstands the current clinical practice of unmatched targets (39%).Our results underscore the potential of hodological thalamic targeting to modulate epileptiform activity in specific cortical regions, highlighting the promise of precision medicine in thalamic neuromodulation for focal refractory epilepsy.
Growth-coupled microbial biosynthesis of the animal pigment xanthommatin
Authors: Bushin Leah B. , Alter Tobias B. , Alván-Vargas María V.G. , Dürr Lara , Olson Elina C. , Avila Mariah J. , Puiggené Òscar , Kim Taehwan , Deravi Leila F. , Feist Adam M. , Nikel Pablo I. , Moore Bradley S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe mining of genomes across life has unearthed a bounty of biosynthetic potential to diverse molecules key to a biobased future. While the heterologous expression of metabolic pathways has achieved broad success, most approaches suffer a similar fate in low initial production levels that require extensive, resource-heavy iterative strain engineering refinement. Herein we introduce a growth-coupled biosynthetic (GrowBio) strategy that irrevocably connects microbial growth with specialized compound production. We demonstrate the plug-and-play versatility of GrowBio in the production of the structurally complex animal biopigment xanthommatin, a color-changing ommochrome with material and cosmetic potential. Xanthommatin biosynthesis directly fuels growth of a newly designedPseudomonas putida5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate auxotroph (PUMA). Aided by genome-scale metabolic modeling, PUMA was designed and built to be controlled by endogenous formate co-produced as a coupled biosynthetic byproduct in the multistep conversion of tryptophan to xanthommatin. Adaptive laboratory evolution was utilized to streamline xanthommatin’s gram-scale bioproduction via growth rate selection, establishing GrowBio as a promising biotechnological approach for establishing and optimizing the microbial production of value-added molecules.
Antisense oligonucleotide targeting pathogenic sense repeat RNA inC9ORF72suppresses production of antisense-dependent dipeptide repeat proteins implicated in ALS/FTD
Authors: Gu Yuanzheng , Kankel Mark W. , Watts Jonathan , Jafar-nejad Paymaan , Almeida Sandra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA six nucleotide repeat expansion in intron-1 of theC9ORF72gene is the most common genetic mutation affecting individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Bi-directional transcription of the repeat expansion generates sense and antisense repeat RNAs that can then be translated in all reading frames to produce six distinct dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins with unique termini. The precise site of translation initiation of these proteins within theC9ORF72repeat expansion remains elusive. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and steric-blocking antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to investigate the contribution of different AUG codons in the antisense repeat RNA to the production of DPR proteins, poly(GP) and poly(PR) inC9ORF72expansion carrier motor neurons and lymphoblast cells. We then utilized ASOs targetingC9ORF72sense repeat RNA to examine whether sense or antisense RNA is the major source of the poly(GP) protein - a question for which conflicting evidence exists. We found that these ASOs reduced the intended sense RNA target, but also the antisense RNA, thus preventing the production of poly(PR). Our data highlights the importance of the sequences preceding the antisense CCCCGG repeat expansion for the synthesis of antisense DPR proteins and supports the use of senseC9ORF72ASOs to prevent the accumulation of both sense- and antisense-dependent DPR proteins inC9ORF72ALS/FTD.
Complex slow waves radically reorganise human brain dynamics under 5-MeO-DMT
Authors: Blackburne George , McAlpine Rosalind G. , Fabus Marco , Liardi Alberto , Kamboj Sunjeev K. , Mediano Pedro A. M. , Skipper Jeremy I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a psychedelic drug known for its uniquely profound effects on subjective experience, reliably eradicating the perception of time, space, and the self. However, little is known about how this drug alters large-scale brain activity. We collected naturalistic electroencephalography (EEG) data of 29 healthy individuals before and after inhaling a high dose (12mg) of vaporised synthetic 5-MeO-DMT. We replicate work from rodents showing amplified low-frequency oscillations, but extend these findings with novel tools for characterising the organisation and dynamics of complex low-frequency spatiotemporal fields of neural activity. We find that 5-MeO-DMT radically reorganises low-frequency flows of neural activity, causing them to become incoherent, heterogeneous, viscous, fleeting, nonrecurring, and to cease their typical travelling forwards and backwards across the cortex compared to resting state. Further, we find a consequence of this reorganisation in broadband activity, which exhibits slower, more stable, low-dimensional behaviour, with increased energy barriers to rapid global shifts. These findings provide the first detailed empirical account of how 5-MeO-DMT sculpts human brain dynamics, revealing a novel set of cortical slow wave behaviours, with significant implications for extant neuroscientific models of serotonergic psychedelics.