bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Construct Options for Revision of Large Acetabular Defects
Authors: Baauw Marieke , van Hooff Miranda L. , Spruit Maarten 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Many treatment options are available for the revision of large acetabular defects. Debate continues as to which technique is most effective.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed according to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for large acetabular defects. Quality assessment was performed next with use of 8 items of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for reports of observational studies. Large acetabular defects were defined as American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) type III or IV or Paprosky type 3A or 3B. Outcomes included re-revision, radiographic loosening, complications, and clinical outcomes.

Results:
We found 7 different treatment options for large acetabular defects in 20 included studies: antiprotrusio cage (8 studies), Trabecular Metal (Zimmer) augment and shell (4 studies), bone impaction grafting with a metal mesh (2 studies), hemispherical implant with hook and flanges (2 studies), Trabecular Metal augment or structural allograft with cup (2 studies), cup-cage reconstruction (1 study), and custom-made triflange component (1 study).

Conclusions:
Trabecular Metal augments and shells gave the most promising results in terms of the re-revision rate and radiographic loosening. Reconstruction with an antiprotrusio cage was the most frequently reported technique, with good results in a physically low-demand elderly population. Bone impaction grafting seems not appropriate for pelvic discontinuity and prone to failure in patients with Paprosky type-3B defects. In those cases, a custom-made triflange implant or a cup-cage reconstruction might be the best alternative, but few reports of sufficient quality are available yet.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Panopto with Moodle: Enabling videos and screencasts to be effective assessment tools for all
Authors: Stoneham Ray 
Published: November 2016

The widespread availability in universities of modern video recording and management systems integrated into Virtual Learning Environments, such as Panopto with Moodle, now enables all students to easily create and submit their own recordings for assessment, and the platform enables the management of the marking and feedback to be simple and effective. It is time that lecturers embraced this development in order that assessment remains effective and relevant. The ability to create a screencast or video for assessment should be an essential digital literacy skill for all university students.
Accuracy and Longevity of an Implantable Continuous Glucose Sensor in the PRECISE Study: A 180-Day, Prospective, Multicenter, Pivotal Trial
Authors: Kropff Jort , Choudhary Pratik , Neupane Sankalpa , Barnard Katharine , Bain Steve C. , Kapitza Christoph , Forst Thomas , Link Manuela , Dehennis Andrew , DeVries J. Hans 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE
It is known that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems can lower mean glucose compared with episodic self-monitoring of blood glucose. Implantable CGM systems may provide additional benefits.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied the Eversense (Senseonics Inc.) implantable CGM sensor in 71 participants aged 18 years and older with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a 180-day multinational, multicenter pivotal trial. Participants used the CGM system at home and in the clinic. CGM accuracy was assessed during eight in-clinic visits with the mean absolute relative difference (MARD) for venous reference glucose values &gt;4.2 mmol/L as the primary end point. Secondary end points included Clarke Error Grid Analysis and alarm performance. The primary safety outcome was device-related serious adverse events. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02154126.

RESULTS
The MARD value against reference glucose values &gt;4.2 mmol/L was 11.1% (95% CI 10.5, 11.7). Clarke Error Grid Analysis showed 99.2% of samples in the clinically acceptable error zones A and B. Eighty-one percent of hypoglycemic events were detected by the CGM system within 30 min. No device-related serious adverse events occurred during the study.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate the safety and accuracy of this new type of implantable CGM system and support it as an alternative for transcutaneous CGM.
The infrared camera: a tool for mountain lakes research
Authors: Choiński Adam , Heese Tomasz , Oberski Tomasz 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDuring field research work an attempt was made to use an infrared camera in alpine conditions without the use of a plane. The images received as thermal pictures are of high value because they show a continuous record of temperature on the whole water surface. The scale of temperature diversity is very high and amounts to approximately 6°C. It is necessary to take photos of this type at short time intervals. It will enable the circulation of waters which results in a change in water temperature to be captured. This research will also allow seasonal changes of water temperature to be seized, for example during summer stagnation, water freezing, destruction of the ice layer and also the influence of the coastal zone on shaping thermal conditions in the zone of coastal waters.
Impact of cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis L.) colonies on microbial pollution in lakes
Authors: Klimaszyk Piotr , Rzymski Piotr 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDuring 2009-2011 we investigated the effect of perennial and roosting cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) colonies on microbial pollution in 3 lakes: Góreckie (Greater Poland National Park), Chrzypsko (Greater Poland Province) and Ostrowiec (Drawa National Park). On Lake Góreckie cormorants formed a roosting colony (<200 individuals) that inhabited part of the lake shore. On Lake Chrzypsko a new breeding colony was formed (3 nests) while the breeding colony on Lake Ostrowiec, established over 40 years ago, consisted of over 170 breeding pairs. In the case of Lake Ostrowiec, high pollution with coliform bacteria (including Escherichia coli) was observed. Compared to the control station the significantly higher Most Probable Number (MPN) of coliform bacteria was found in groundwater under the colony. It was found that bacterial counts decreased in the direction of the centre of the water body with the highest numbers noted in the lake samples collected within the colony boundaries. Furthermore, seasonal variations in coliform bacteria were also observed with maximum densities during the breeding season. Similar trends were observed for the roosting colony on Lake Góreckie while for the newly forming colony on Lake Chrzypsko increased density of investigated bacteria was noted only in groundwater.
Metal accumulation in sediments and biota in Malta Reservoir (Poland)
Authors: Rzymski Piotr , Klimaszyk Piotr , Niedzielski Przemysław , Poniedziałek Barbara 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMunicipal water reservoirs improve urban landscape architecture, providing water for various domestic uses. At the same time, they are under strong human impact affecting water quality and biological conditions. We investigated the level of metal accumulation (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in sediments as well as mussels Anodonta anatina and Unio tumidus and common reed Phragmites australis collected from 8 sampling sites at Malta Reservoir (Poznań, Poland) just before the complete drainage of the lake in November, 2012. In all investigated samples metal concentrations ranked in decreasing order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>Co>Cd. Accumulation of toxic metals in roots of P. australis was higher than in soft tissues of mussels although it did not exceed phytotoxic levels. Roots of P. australis accumulated high levels of Cr (mean 9.7 μg g-1) and Ni (mean 5.7 μg g-1). U. tumidus accumulated higher concentrations of Cr (mean 1.1 μg g-1) than A. anatina indicating potential use in bioindication of this metal. The present study provides the most recent information on metal content in sediments and biota in Malta Reservoir and, further, suggests that this reservoir is capable of accumulating toxic elements from preceding water bodies (Lake Swarzędz) and surrounding residential areas.
A testimony of detachment of an inland lake from marine influence during the mid-Holocene in the Vestfold Hills region, East Antarctica
Authors: Mazumder Abhijit , Govil Pawan , Sharma Shalini , Ravindra Rasik , Khare Neloy , Chaturvedi Subodh Kumar 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A 47 cm long sediment core collected from an inland lake of the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica has been examined to reconstruct the palaeolacustrine environmental changes. The core shows dates at two core intervals of 18-19 cm and 28-29 cm as 5050±98 yrs BP and 5560±96 yrs BP, respectively. The core exhibits a good amount of diatom population throughout the length. Prior to 5560±96 yrs BP, the core shows high abundance of diatom population (>10×107 g-1) along with sufficient salt crystal, which indicates the connection of this lake with the marine environment. From 5560±96 yrs BP to 5050±98 yrs BP the total number diatoms decreased substantially along with the decrease in salt crystal, which indicates the withdrawal of the marine influence from the lake during that period. From 5050±98 yrs BP to Recent, the low number of diatoms and the rare occurrence of salt crystal suggest that the lake remained mostly detached from the sea during the last 5000 yrs.
The present-day condition of water resources in Belarus
Authors: Volchek Alexander A. , Kirvel Ivan , Parfomuk Sergey , Makhambetova Roza 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe optimal number of hydrological monitoring stations for the annual values, the maximum spring, the minimum summerautumn and the minimum winter river runoff in Belarus is determined. The research on optimization of the hydrological network of Belarus led to a conclusion about the optimum number of hydrological stations in the country, but in the case of observing the values of the annual runoff, the number of the existing plants is the minimum necessary, and reducing their number is inadmissible. On the basis of trends in air temperature changes, precipitation and humidity deficits from 1985 to 2009, the forecasts of these parameters are prepared until 2020. Taking into account the models of climatic parameter change, a possible change in the water regime of the rivers in the future is investigated.
A multivariate assessment of the trophic state of a man-made reservoir in North Tunisia
Authors: Aloui Besma Zouabi , Gueddari Moncef 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the present work, we attempt to test the applicability of common trophic state indices such as Carlson’s index (1977), probability distribution diagrams of Vollenweider (1982), and fixed boundary systems of the OECD (1982) and of Nurnberg (1996) for evaluating the risk of eutrophication in the Sejnane reservoir in North Tunisia. The environmental parameters considered include monthly values of nutrients, chlorophyll a, Secchi transparency, turbidity and dissolved oxygen over a decade of monitoring from November 2001 through October 2011. To compile data and to identify key aspects of water quality, a multivariate technique as Principal Component Analysis was performed. Results show that productivity is limited by sedimentary turbidity, which contributes to decreasing water clarity and promotes the adsorption of phosphorus to suspended matter that decreases, indirectly, the bioavailability of nutrients. The Nurnberg model provides an accurate assessment of eutrophication with a clear internal coherence between self-indicators, and appears to be the most suitable way to evaluate eutrophication risk in the reservoir.
Trunk and Shank Position Influences Patellofemoral Joint Stress in the Lead and Trail Limbs During the Forward Lunge Exercise
Authors: Hofmann Cory L. , Holyoak Derek T. , Juris Paul M. 
Published: November 2016

Study Design Controlled laboratory study, repeated-measures design. Background The effects of trunk and shank position on patellofemoral joint stress of the lead limb have been well studied; however, the effects on the trail limb are not well understood. Objectives To test the hypothesis that trunk and shank position may influence patellofemoral joint stress in both limbs during the forward lunge exercise. Methods Patellofemoral kinetics were quantified from 18 healthy participants performing the lunge exercise with different combinations of trunk and shank positions (vertical or forward). A 2-by-3 (limb-by-lunge variation) repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed, using paired t tests for post hoc comparisons. Results The trail limb experienced greater total patellofemoral joint stress relative to the lead limb, regardless of trunk and shank position (P<.0001). The lunge variation with a vertical shank position resulted in significantly greater peak patellofemoral joint stress in the trail limb relative to the lead limb (P<.0001). A forward trunk and shank position resulted in the highest patellofemoral stress in the lead limb (P<.0001). Conclusion Trunk and shank positions have a significant influence on patellofemoral joint loading of both limbs during the forward lunge, with the trail limb generally experiencing greater total joint stress. Restricting forward translation of the lead-limb shank may reduce patellofemoral joint stress at the expense of increased stress in the trail limb. Technique recommendations should consider the demands imposed on both knees during this exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(1):31–40. Epub 4 Nov 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6336
Evaluation of Psoas Major and Quadratus Lumborum Recruitment Using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Before and After 5 Trunk Exercises
Authors: Imai Atsushi , Okubo Yu , Kaneoka Koji 
Published: November 2016

Study Design Controlled laboratory study, with a pretest-posttest design. Background Diffusion-weighted imaging is a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging technique that can be used to assess the recruitment of the psoas major (PM) and quadratus lumborum (QL). The recruitment of these muscles during trunk exercises has not been evaluated. Objective To evaluate the diffusion of water movement in several trunk muscles using diffusion-weighted imaging before and after specific trunk exercises and thereby to understand the level of recruitment of each muscle during each exercise. Methods Nine healthy male participants performed the right side bridge, knee raise, and 3 front bridges, including the hand-knee, elbow-knee, and elbow-toe bridges. Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed before and after each exercise. After scanning, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map was constructed, and ADC values of the rectus abdominis, lateral abdominal muscles, QL, PM, and back muscles were calculated. Results The right PM following the elbow-toe bridge demonstrated the largest increase in ADC values, a change significantly greater than that demonstrated by the hand-knee bridge (P<.001) and side bridge (P = .002) exercises. The ADC change in the right QL following the side bridge exercise was significantly larger than that of other exercises (P<.008). Conclusion Of the 5 exercises investigated, the elbow-toe bridge and side bridge exercises elicit the greatest recruitment of the PM and QL, respectively. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(2):108–114. Epub 5 Nov 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6730
Unique Contributions of Body Diagram Scores and Psychosocial Factors to Pain Intensity and Disability in Patients With Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Rhon Daniel I. , Lentz Trevor A. , George Steven Z. 
Published: November 2016

Study Design Retrospective cross-sectional cohort of military patients with musculoskeletal pain. Background Body diagrams are used to document symptoms and can also serve as a proxy to assess psychological influence. However, literature to support this is conflicting. Objectives To (1) examine the unique contribution of pain and nonpain symptom distribution to magnitude of self-reported pain intensity and disability, and (2) assess the moderating influence of psychological factors and body diagram score on concurrent pain intensity and disability. Methods Pain, numbness, and tingling were denoted on a body diagram at initial evaluation. Fear-avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing, and region-specific self-reported disability measures were collected. The contributions of pain and nonpain symptom distribution to pain intensity and disability were assessed to determine which body diagram symptom scoring method (pain only, nonpain, or composite) was appropriate for subsequent analyses. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were then used to determine the moderating effects of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and the body diagram score on concurrent pain and disability. Results The Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire explained between 16% and 17% of the variance in pain intensity, and 8% of variance in disability (all, P<.001). The composite symptom score explained an additional 4% to 5% variance in concurrent disability and pain intensity (all, P<.001). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale moderated the relationship between body diagram score and pain intensity. The positive relationship between composite symptom score and concurrent pain intensity is stronger for patients with low catastrophizing. Conclusion The clinical utility of body diagrams with low symptom distribution may be improved by concomitant assessment of pain catastrophizing and warrants further longitudinal investigation. Level of Evidence Symptom prevalence, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(2):88–96. Epub 5 Nov 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6778
Optimism Moderates the Influence of Pain Catastrophizing on Shoulder Pain Outcome: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Coronado Rogelio A. , Simon Corey B. , Lentz Trevor A. , Gay Charles W. , Mackie Lauren N. , George Steven Z. 
Published: November 2016

Study Design Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data. Background An abundance of evidence has highlighted the influence of pain catastrophizing and fear avoidance on clinical outcomes. Less is known about the interaction of positive psychological resources with these pain-associated distress factors. Objective To assess whether optimism moderates the influence of pain catastrophizing and fear avoidance on 3-month clinical outcomes in patients with shoulder pain. Methods Data from 63 individuals with shoulder pain (mean ± SD age, 38.8 ± 14.9 years; 30 female) were examined. Demographic, psychological, and clinical characteristics were obtained at baseline. Validated measures were used to assess optimism (Life Orientation Test-Revised), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), fear avoidance (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale), shoulder pain intensity (Brief Pain Inventory), and shoulder function (Pennsylvania Shoulder Score function subscale). Shoulder pain and function were reassessed at 3 months. Regression models assessed the influence of (1) pain catastrophizing and optimism and (2) fear avoidance and optimism. The final multivariable models controlled for factors of age, sex, education, and baseline scores, and included 3-month pain intensity and function as separate dependent variables. Results Shoulder pain (mean difference, −1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.1, −1.2) and function (mean difference, 2.4; 95% CI: 0.3, 4.4) improved over 3 months. In multivariable analyses, there was an interaction between pain catastrophizing and optimism (β = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.35) for predicting 3-month shoulder function (F = 16.8, R2 = 0.69, P<.001), but not pain (P = .213). Further examination of the interaction with the Johnson-Neyman technique showed that higher levels of optimism lessened the influence of pain catastrophizing on function. There was no evidence of significant moderation of fear-avoidance beliefs for 3-month shoulder pain (P = .090) or function (P = .092). Conclusion Optimism decreased the negative influence of pain catastrophizing on shoulder function, but not pain intensity. Optimism did not alter the influence of fear-avoidance beliefs on these outcomes. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(1):21–30. Epub 5 Nov 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7068
Analytical theory of self-consistent current structures in a collisionless plasma
Authors: Kocharovsky V V , Kocharovsky Vl V , Martyanov V Yu , Tarasov S V 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The most-studied classes of exact solutions to Vlasov–Maxwell equations for stationary neutral current structures in a collisionless relativistic plasma, which allow the particle distribution functions (PDFs) to be chosen at will, are reviewed. A general classification is presented of the current sheets and filaments described by the method of invariants of motion of particles whose PDF is symmetric in a certain way in coordinate and momentum spaces. The possibility is discussed of using these explicit solutions to model the observed and/or expected features of current structures in cosmic and laboratory plasmas. Also addressed are how the magnetic field forms and the analytical description of the so-called Weibel instability in a plasma with an arbitrary PDF.
RELICT OLIVINES IN MICROMETEORITES: PRECURSORS AND INTERACTIONS IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Rudraswami N. G. , Prasad M. Shyam , Dey S. , Fernandes D. , Plane J. M. C. , Feng W. , Taylor S. , Carrillo-Sánchez J. D. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Antarctica micrometeorites (∼1200) and cosmic spherules (∼5000) from deep sea sediments are studied using electron microscopy to identify Mg-rich olivine grains in order to determine the nature of the particle precursors. Mg-rich olivine (FeO < 5wt%) in micrometeorites suffers insignificant chemical modification during its history and is a well-preserved phase. We examine 420 forsterite grains enclosed in 162 micrometeorites of different types—unmelted, scoriaceous, and porphyritic—in this study. Forsterites in micrometeorites of different types are crystallized during their formation in solar nebula; their closest analogues are chondrule components of CV-type chondrites or volatile rich CM chondrites. The forsteritic olivines are suggested to have originated from a cluster of closely related carbonaceous asteroids that have Mg-rich olivines in the narrow range of CaO (0.1–0.3wt%), Al2O3 (0.0–0.3wt%), MnO (0.0–0.3wt%), and Cr2O3 (0.1–0.7wt%). Numerical simulations carried out with the Chemical Ablation Model (CABMOD) enable us to define the physical conditions of atmospheric entry that preserve the original compositions of the Mg-rich olivines in these particles. The chemical compositions of relict olivines affirm the role of heating at peak temperatures and the cooling rates of the micrometeorites. This modeling approach provides a foundation for understanding the ablation of the particles and the circumstances in which the relict grains tend to survive.
PROSPECTING FOR CHEMICAL TAGS AMONG OPEN CLUSTERS
Authors: Lambert David L. , Reddy Arumalla B. S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Determination of the chemical composition of red giants in a large sample of open clusters (OCs) shows that the abundances of the heavy elements La, Ce, Nd, and Sm, but not so obviously Y and Eu, vary from one cluster to another across a sample in which all the clusters have nearly solar metallicity. For La, Ce, Nd, and Sm the amplitudes of the variations at solar metallicity scale approximately with the main s-process contribution to solar system material. Consideration of published abundances of field stars suggests that such a spread in heavy-element abundances is present for the thin and thick disk stars of different metallicities. This new result provides an opportunity to chemically tag stars by their heavy elements and to reconstruct dissolved OCs from the field-star population.