bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le gouvernement des cités à hauts risques politiques
Authors: Bollens Scott A. 
Published: October 2016

El gobierno de las ciudades de grandes riesgos políticos
Jerusalén, Belfast, Johannesburgo y muchas otras ciudades condensan las tensiones explosivas del mundo contemporáneo. Dentro de un contexto donde los flujos migratorios y las desigualdades de desarrollo alimentan las guerras éticas, las politicas de urbanismo acompañan el desenlace del drama. Las estrategias de uso de suelo, segregativas o integrativas, desempeñan no obstante un papel de primer orden en el mantenimiento o ruptura de los equilibrios inestables.
Le marché dans la ville d'Afrique noire : Équipements publics et économie locale
Authors: Paulais Thierry 
Published: October 2016

The market in Black African cities
In what is commonly called the urban crisis in Black Africa, markets, whether specific facilities or commercial areas, are having a severely disturbing effect on local policies. The polarization of cities around these markets, in urban centres or close to railway stations, gives rise to urban dysfunctions, the cost of which weigh heavily on communes with scant financial and technical resources. The failure to relocate these markets shows that in isolation, local authorities are unable to control the conditions of city-wide access and supply.
La participation populaire à Porto Alegre, au Brésil
Authors: Abers Rebecca 
Published: October 2016

La participación popular en Porto Alegre, Brasil
Desde hace unos veinte años, la municipalidad de Porto Alegre asocia estrechamente los habitantes a las decisiones. Las inversiones suntuarias de los años anteriores han dado paso a pequeñas operaciones definidas por un reparto socialmente más equitativo de los recursos. Las nuevas estructuras de participación que dan fin al clientelismo local han grabado durablemente el cambio pero deja aún sin voz a los más necesitados.
Le modèle néo-républicain et les sites en reconversion industrielle
Authors: Grossetti Michel , Beslay Christophe , Salles Denis 
Published: October 2016

The Neo-Republican Model and Industrial Reconversion Sites
Since decentralization, many skills networks have been disorganizing the traditional interplay between community leaders and the prefect. In cities undergoing industrial reconversion, there are various forms of cooperation between local players and specific operators. The growing power of expertise and international market linkages are leading towards a highly fragmented decision system led by the Département (county) and ad hoc organizations - a system that can be described as neo-republican.
Le «porter à connaissance» stratégique : «Dire» de l'État et coordination de l'action publique dans l'aire métropolitaine marseillaise
Authors: Jeannot Gilles , Margail Fabienne 
Published: October 2016

El «llevar a conocimiento» estratégico
El procedimiento del «llevar a conocimiento» ilustra la nueva postura del Estado en materia de urbanismo tras la descentralización. En la aglomeración marsellesa, los servicios de Obras Públicas se limitan a proporcionar informaciones objetivas sobre la evolución económica y social del área metropolitana y sobre los riesgos de disfuncionamientos urbanos para fomentar la organización institucional del territorio metropolitano y ponerla en debate en la plaza pública.
Pour un urbanisme de tolérance : Critique de la planification stratégique
Authors: Vainer Carlos B. 
Published: October 2016

En pro de un urbanismo de tolerancia
Desde la Antigüedad, la leyenda urbana celebra el milagro de la coexistencia pacifica de grupos heterogéneos en un mismo lugar. La modernidad ha llevado esta facultad de integración de lo diverso hasta el interior mismo de la conciencia individual del citadino, figura dividida por excelencia. La temática unanimista y utilitaria de la planificación estratégica que enuncian hoy los urbanistas niega sin embargo los antagonistas que actúan en la ciudad-mosaico. Inversamente, construir la ciudad como lugar de enfrentamiento entre culturas jamás totalmente réductibles restablece la tradición de tolerancia urbana.
L'urbanisme comme pensée pratique : Pensée faible et débat public
Authors: Chalas Yves 
Published: October 2016

Urban Planning as Practical Thinking
Urban planning that aims to repoliticize the city at grassroots level, far from large-scale projects, is preventing the experts from monopolizing daily life. The neighbourhood concept serves as a pretext for triggering dialogue between elected representatives, experts and inhabitants. This pragmatic urbanism rejects spatialism, coercive economic planning and technicism. But its extreme sensitivity to fluctuating contexts makes its aims uncertain.
Architecture contemporaine et patrimoine. La construction ou l'intervention dans un site ?
Authors: Champy Florent 
Published: October 2016

Zeitgenössische Architektur und Baudenkmäler. Vom Bau zum verändernden Eingriff
Der klassische Gegensatz zwischen neuem Bauen und Denkmalschutz könnte überwunden werden, wenn man in festgelegten Perimetern das Innovieren begünstigen würde und außerhalb derselben den Erhalt der Substanz. Wie das Beispiel der Krankenhäuser von Paris - eines der größten Grundeigentümer der ganzen Region - jedoch zeigt, verschärft das bürokratische System öffentlicher Auftragserteilung die Disparität zwischen der architektonischen Neuerung und der Bausubstanz der betreffenden Stätten. Aufgeschlossenheit gegenüber der gewöhnlichen Architektur eröffnet Aussichten, den Bau mit seiner situierten Benutzung in Einklang zu bringen.
Contre-monde. Imitation, opposition, exclusion
Authors: Lapeyronnie Didier 
Published: October 2016

Violence, urban violence and political void
As in the theatrical work of Bernard-Marie Koltès, excess urban violence reflects the exclusion of individuals obsessed by signs of mobility. With their remoteness from the political scene comes aggression which builds a social identity strengthened by repression. Their aim is to make themselves heard and express their frustrated aspiration for human fellowship.
Les violences dites urbaines et la ville. Du désordre public au conflit dans l'espace public
Authors: Macé Eric 
Published: October 2016

«Urban» violence and the city
The expression «urban violence», through its geographical connotation, downplays conflicts of social domination, which are the cause of violent acts in everyday life. This euphemism doubtless reflects the depoliticization of domestic violence that can find no public outlet other than the gratuitous or ostentatious act. The day-to-day problems of urban life, particularly in its segregative aspects, can form a basis for the expression of conflicts.
Criminalité violente et ordre public au Brésil. Note problématique à partir de l'expérience brésilienne
Authors: Machado da Silva Luis A. 
Published: October 2016

Criminalidad violenta y orden público
En el Brasil, a partir de la década del 70, las actividades ilegales han tomado un nuevo giro, caracterizado por el control cada vez más violento de las zonas urbanas por elementos relacionados con el tráfico de droga. Los criminales han dejado de desafiar el orden público, pero no han dejado de perseguir sus propios intereses. Un fortalecimiento de la intervención policial y una democratización de la acción pública no parecen, por el momento, estar en condiciones de dar al traste con esta situación de facto.
La création de paysage au risque de l'urbain
Authors: Pousin Frédéric 
Published: October 2016

Process : from looking at landscape to living it
For several years, work on environmental qualities and values has been developing in parallel with theoretical thinking on what constitutes an urban landscape. Growing concern over the meaning of shape in urban development ties time and memory into the space designed, the landscape to be experienced into the landscape to be admired. Urban development is replacing the still life of yesteryear's landscape with the dynamics of symbols.
La ville peut-elle être une scène ? Cinéma et urbanisme
Authors: Sorlin Pierre 
Published: October 2016

Ist die Stadt eine Bühne ?
Im Unterschied zu der kargen, bisweilen sogar leeren Bühne des Theaters hat der Film sich nach und nach den geographischen Rahmen der Handlung als wesentlichen Träger von Bild und Sinn erschlossen. Die Stadt im Hintergrund wird je nach Fall und Gattung ein anziehendes oder abstoßendes Element der Handlung. Vom bloßen Bühnenbild, das die Handlung situiert, entwickelt die Stadt sich zu ihrem Protagonisten, ja zum Akteur, der letztlich über das Schicksal der Menschen entscheidet.
La voirie, trame des paysages urbains. Le rôle des infrastructures routières dans le paysage des villes
Authors: Olagnier Pierre-Jacques 
Published: October 2016

Viario y paisaje urbano
Las vías de circulación dibujan el paisaje de las ciudades alineando los edificios y creando las perspectivas. El urbanismo contemporáneo ha dejado de tomar en cuenta el viario únicamente por sus calidades circulatorias o funcionales. La recalificación urbana de las calles, avenidas y ejes para formar espacios públicos polivalentes confiere la identidad de una ciudad aunque a costa de un cierto paseísmo.
La redécouverte du sens des espaces de la ville
Authors: Sanson Pascal 
Published: October 2016

El redescubrimiento del sentido de los espacios de la ciudad
Largo tiempo encerrada en la función utilitaria, la arquitectura se abre nuevamente a su cometido estético en la ciudad. El acondicionamiento del Gran Louvre combina la creación monumental del pasado con un presente hecho de memoria y de innovación. El Arco de La Défense reúne proeza técnica y simbolismo de la hospitalidad. El Eje Mayor de la nueva ciudad de Cergy-Pontoise confirma que la semantización de la ciudad requiere poner en relación espacios comunes que pueden volverse singulares través de la imaginación.
Les avatars du développement durable dans l'aménagement et les transports
Authors: Zentelin Jean-Louis 
Published: October 2016

Sustainable development : the experiences of a paradigm
Sustainable development paradigms subvert the utilitarian approach of the liberal economy by making production and trade subject to the moral obligation to protect and sustain the natural and human world. In the energy-intensive transport sector, which is the main source of destruction of the environment, resistance to sustainable development is tantamount to strictly economic management of transport activities. Flow planning in urban areas is reviving the conflict between the economy and the environment.
Gouvernance et environnement des petites et moyennes entreprises
Authors: Roche Vincent , Gondran Natacha , Laforest Valérie , Brodhag Christian 
Published: October 2016

Governance, information and environmental management of small and medium-sized enterprises
Small and medium-sized enterprises rarely have the means to control the urban nuisance they cause. The introduction of clean technologies into production processes has triggered the creation of local inter-company cooperation bodies. At the instigation of public authorities, collective treatment plants have been set up in the sector of surface treatment industries. Preventive pollution treatment through good governance is preferred to ex post enforcement by specialised civil servants.
Les représentations de la dévalorisation urbaine. Chez les professionnels de la politique de la ville
Authors: Duarte Paulette 
Published: October 2016

How urban depreciation is represented by urban political
professionals
Destroyed neighbourhoods, lack of spatial serviceability, social selfishness, running down of local life, residential confinement, trapping in ghettos. These are common themes of urban dramatisation. The distinctive feature of these images is that they do not translate into practical solutions, as the worst situations are always elsewhere. The discrepancy between practices and how they are represented is making urban political professionals increasingly confused about the implications of their work.
«Maman sérieuse cherche enfants à garder... ». Petits métiers urbains au féminin
Authors: Mozere Liane 
Published: October 2016

«Responsible mum offers her services as a childminder»... Small urban jobs for women
Although childminders have the task of socializing infants, theirs is a small urban women's job with professional contours that remain blurred. But by observing practices, we can see the local significance in urban neighbourhoods of childminding and the many other services it provides for city-dwellers. The domestic skills of childminders and childcarers are elements of support for the public environment.
L'association ou la forme urbaine du don. Enquête aux Restos du Cœur de Nancy
Authors: Marchal Hervé 
Published: October 2016

The urban form of a donation. «Restos du Coeur» in Nancy.
The «Restos du Coeur» association that provides food for the needy, bases its existence on opposite values to the cold calculation of the capitalist system and the inhuman anonymity of the big city. Voluntary workers spare no effort to integrate an environment in which individual relations offset relations of exclusion. Paradoxically, the world's disenchantment maintains moral density specific to humanitarian commitment.
Les comités d'intérêts locaux de l'agglomération lyonnaise. Grandeur et incertitudes d'une forme associative
Authors: Amzert Malika 
Published: October 2016

Local interest committees in the Greater Lyon area
For more than a century in Lyon, Local Interest Committees have brought together citizens wishing to settle the many problems in their living environment : drainage, transport, embellishment, etc. Since the 1960s, these committees, grouped into a Union, have asserted themselves as a force of proposition and mediation that claims to be non-political and aims to resolve important urban matters such as the creation of a metro. The stimulus to create associations, generated by problems of social exclusion and environmental nuisance on the scale of both the neighbourhood and the region, is destabilizing the action and legitimacy of the Committees.
Les comités de quartier de Roubaix aux prises avec la politique de la ville. Un exemple d'associations phagocytées par la municipalité
Authors: Neveu Catherine 
Published: October 2016

Neighbourhood committees in Roubaix dealing with Municipal Policy
The workings of neighbourhood committees in Roubaix show the limitations of recourse to local citizenship, the leitmotiv of the Municipal Policy. Community initiatives are rapidly being transformed into the provision of services supervised by public operators. The activities of associations, which have a rich history in this city, are being disseminated into municipal procedures and temporalities. Some members of local committees desire space for debate and initiative, that is less dependent on public policies.
Avec l'insertion par le logement, de nouvelles figures d'associations
Authors: Ballain René 
Published: October 2016

New community stakeholders in insertion through housing
The purposes and practices of associations working in favour of housing for the most disadvantaged are being modified by their legal recognition and their increasing weight in the social housing economy. The emergence of this market segment blurs the original difference between types of associations. Through their many actions, a new social and real estate system is being shaped in which the project logic, not without its contradictions, overrides that of the production of social housing.
Les paroisses entre ancienne et nouvelle figures de la proximité : L'adaptation des services locaux à la recomposition des territoires urbains
Authors: Bonneville Marc 
Published: October 2016

Territorial recomposition of parishes
Parishes are grouping together to cope with the decreasing number of vocations, transformations of religious practice and, above all, the fragmentation of the urbanity framework. Various grouping arrangements have been adopted, which base church renewal on the community of services shared between priests and laymen. In this revitalizing effect of territorial and institutional recomposition, the Church appears more pragmatic than the Republic confronted with neighbourhood policies.
De la menace atomique aux «conflits de faible intensité» : L'emprise croissante de la guerre sur la ville
Authors: Baudouï Rémi 
Published: October 2016

From atomic threat to «low intensity» conflicts. The increasing impact of war on the city
The history of human conflicts fuses together with the relations between the city and war. From the atomic destruction of the City of Hiroshima to the dismantling of the Berlin wall with pickaxes, the nuclear dissuasion strategy has driven the scene of conflict out to the fringes of the major Western metropolises. With the end of the cold war, multi-cultural cities have become the focal areas of «low intensity» conflicts. Contemporary war, in its many different forms, has taken the city hostage, as shown by the suicide attacks in New York and Washington at the dawning of the new millennium.
Populations déplacées en Colombie et insertion urbaine
Authors: Merteens Donny 
Published: October 2016

Displaced populations in Colombia and urban integration
In Colombia, the civilian population has long been exposed to the endemic violence of armed groups. In terrorized rural communities, the flight from the city is vital to survival. In Bogota, at the outposts of urban integration, women find jobs more easily than men to support the displaced family. But men in a situation of enforced unemployment are more persevering than these women for all the administrative steps that will enable them to be re-housed or to reintegrate the community.
Le droit entre mémoire et prospective : La prise en compte du patrimoine par le droit de l'urbanisme
Authors: Le Louarn Patrick 
Published: October 2016

Law, between memory and heritage
The rules of urban planning law establish the assets that society feels it must protect from the ravages of time. Future-oriented public choices, justified by the sustainable development challenge, have not yet been given a specific legal framework. But the arsenal of legislation and procedures for operational urban planning offers a variety of tools for a long-term commitment.
Une mémoire urbaine socialement sélective : Réflexions à partir de l'exemple d'Angers
Authors: Veschambre Vincent 
Published: October 2016

Social selection of a heritage destined to last
The protection of monuments and sites, which was long the preserve of republican elites, has gradually been extended to encompass many urban activities under the impulse of the associations. Demolition of decrepit, poverty-stricken areas and some industrial buildings gives a veiled indication of the interests invested in safeguarding the heritage. No doubt the discourse on the common good and the sustainable city that goes together with an enlarged heritage core obscures the selective conservation choices being made.
Quito : Un environnement socialement disputé : Point de vue des uns et habitat des autres
Authors: Sierra Alexis 
Published: October 2016

Quito : a socially disputed environment
The local authorities of the fast-growing capital of Ecuador, Quito, in their efforts to protect the natural environment, are coming up against a problem of illegal settlements of poor households on the city's woodland slopes, its essential green lungs. The extent of public condemnation of the encroachment on the slopes by squatter settlements is only equalled by the discretion of the reactions to prestige buildings that are also appropriating these quality spaces.
Les provinciaux à Shanghaï : Formes d'inscriptions urbaines et économiques des migrants dans la ville
Authors: Roulleau-Berger Laurence , Lu Shi 
Published: October 2016

Migrations à Shangai
Les migrants qui affluent en masse des campagnes vers les villes représentent aujourd'hui 15% de la population active en Chine. À Shangai, cet exode accroît les disparités de conditions urbaines, notamment au sein même des populations déplacées. La globalisation économique qui atteint aujourd'hui le pays se traduit par l'aggravation de la ségrégation sociale et urbaine mais aussi par des formes inédites d'intrication entre économie organisée et travail informel.
Des pauvres aux lieux de pauvreté en France : Modes de classification et types de localisation
Authors: Vieillard-Baron Hervé 
Published: October 2016

The poor in places of poverty in France
The poverty issue in France is back at the forefront of the public scene after a century of social policies. Unskilled young people, homeless individuals and non-European Union immigrants are increasingly becoming the new poverty-stricken characters. Degraded cities, abandoned industrial zones and depopulated country towns are just the visible manifestations of widespread precarity that is challenging the selective mechanisms of urban production.
De l'emblème au «problème» : Histoire des grands ensembles dans une ville communiste
Authors: Tissot Sylvie 
Published: October 2016

Des grands ensembles dans une municipalité communiste : de l'emblème au problème
Hier fleurons d'un urbanisme de progrès social, les grands ensembles d'habitation focalisent aujourd'hui les représentations de la pauvreté en tant que cumul de handicaps sociaux. Ce revirement d'image a été aussi le fait des municipalités de l'ancienne banlieue rouge parisienne telle celle de Montreuil ici analysée à titre d'exemple. L'inflexion du regard s'explique non seulement par la paupérisation et le marquage ethnique des grands ensembles mais aussi par la nécessité politique de maîtriser l'immigration étrangère et d'élargir par le haut la sociologie de la ville.
Les classes moyennes et la mixité scolaire : Collèges et parents dans deux communes des Hauts-de-Seine
Authors: Henriot-Van Zanten Agnès 
Published: October 2016

Middle classes and co-education in the Paris area
In France, the increasingly influential middle classes fear an erosion in the quality of education through democratization and co-education policies. Their concern is not only for good standards but also for the school climate and the pupils' development. Status differences are only equalled by the ambivalence in opinions. The gap between official policy and local practices is increasing to the same degree.
Construire l'exclusion à travers les communautés fermées
Authors: Low Setha M. 
Published: October 2016

En une vingtaine d'années, la constitution de quartiers sécurisés s'est imposé comme un des phénomènes urbains majeurs en Amérique du Nord comme du Sud. Se protéger contre les nouvelles classes dangereuses, trop colorées ou trop pauvres, est la hantise de leurs habitants.
Loin d'atténuer leur peur du vol ou de l'agression, la vie dans ces quartiers semble au contraire l'entretenir au quotidien, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de sortir hors de l'enceinte protégée.
La fin des communautés locales vue par un sociologue de Chicago : Harvey W. Zorbaugh
Authors: Topalov Christian 
Published: October 2016

The end of local communities as seen by a Chicago sociologist
The survey by the sociologist Harvey W. Zorbaugh is an example of an ethnographical study of local social life in Chicago in the late 1920s. It particularly shows the limits of attempts to achieve community organization of poor neighbourhoods by philanthropic societies that have grown up in rich neighbourhoods. Sociologists from the Chicago School, who are «social disorganization» theorists, have broadened the reforming perspective to embrace the urban complex with its diversity of dynamics.
Le centre social de la Castellane : Un lieu d'accueil pour les populations défavorisées
Authors: Roudil Nadine 
Published: October 2016

In the social centre of La Castellane
The Cité de la Castellane in Marseille is home to nearly five thousand tenants, large families of foreign origin and precarious status. A downtown social centre receives and assists residents seeking jobs or social aid. Its patronage by users leads to the minimum standards of civility that characterise the place and each person. People who do voluntary reception work have become valuable intermediaries for access to jobs, education and leisure pursuits.