bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Oral Contraception and Hepatocellular Adenoma — A Preliminary Report
Authors: Rooks Judith Bourne , Ory Howard W. , Ishak Kamal G. , Strauss Lilo T. , Greenspan Joel R. , Tyler Carl W. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTWomen with long‐term use of oral contraception (OC) are at increased risk of developing a serious, though nonmalignant, liver tumor—hepatocellular adenoma (HCA)—according to a case‐control study conducted by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in collaboration with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). The tumor is sometimes fatal, deaths usually being due to sudden rupture and hemorrhage. This study suggests that, in addition to long‐term OC use, a woman's age and the hormonal potency of the OC she uses affect her chances of developing HCA. Women 27 years old and older who have used OC with high hormonal potency for 7 or more years are at the greatest risk.
The Inhibitory Effect of Amniotic Fluid on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Koumentakou E. , Prevedourakis C. , Zolotas J. , Xygakis A. , Kotoulas I. , Tzigounis V. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn the late 1940s, some researchers found that amniotic fluid had an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth due, they believed, to the presence of lysozymes. Later other authorities asserted that amniotic fluid facilitates bacterial growth. More recently, studies have indicated that liquor amnii has a remarkable antibacterial activity. To further examine this antibacterial action, the present study of the effect of amniotic fluid on Staphylococcus aureus was undertaken.
A New Modification of Colpocleisis for Treatment of Total Procidentia in Old Age
Authors: Ardekany M. Sadegh , Rafee Rahmatollah 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA new approach for treating uterine prolapse in old age is presented. Fifteen patients underwent this operation during our 5‐year study. The procedure is simple and brief and can be performed, using a local anesthetic, on patients whose general condition is poor. The patients in our series had no immediate postoperative complications, and those who attended our follow‐up clinic had no recurrence of the disease.
Extramembranous Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Panayiotis Georghiou , Grünstein Stephan , Pevzner Shamai 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA rare case of extramembranous pregnancy is reported. It was associated with intermittent loss of liquor and bloody discharge beginning at about the 25th week of gestation. An anencephalic infant was delivered alive from a breech presentation during the 31st week of gestation. The placenta was markedly circumvallate, with short, thick membranes which did not cover more than 10% of the infant. The course of the pregnancy and the examination of the infant and placenta are discussed, and the pertinent literature is reviewed.
Training Physicians of Developing Nations in Female Surgical Contraception
Authors: Benchakan Vilai , Rattakul Pramote , Osathanondh Vitoon , Chaturachinda Kamheang 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe majority of developing nations in the Third World (including Thailand) face similar medicosocioeconomic situations arising from uncontrolled population growth which outstrips developmental planning. One of the most effective medical means of combating these problems is surgical contraception. This study describes how the Ramathibodi National Training Program was developed and implemented in Thailand to increase the availability of sterilization services by training local physicians to perform the necessary operations. The success of this program is measured by the increase in the number of service delivery stations (182) and in the number of sterilization procedures performed (24 436 in a 32‐month period).
The Water and Nitrogen Composition of the Placenta in Anemic Women
Authors: Agboola A. , Roluga I. A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA study was conducted to determine the water and nitrogen content of the placentae from anemic and nonanemic Nigerian women. The mean water content values were 84.9% and 85.3%, respectively, and this difference was not statistically significant. Placental nitrogen values were higher in anemic women than they were in nonanemic women, but the difference was not statistically significant. The results of this study indicate that placental hypertrophy which is associated with anemia is not due to water retention by the placenta.
Carcinomain situCervicis Uteri: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Liukko P. , Punnonen R. , Grönroos M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA total of 252 patients with carcinomain situcolli uteri were treated at the Women's Clinic at Turku University between 1964 and 1971. Seventy‐seven percent of the patients came to the clinic for treatment after they had participated in a mass screening program (cytodiagnosis, colposcopy). Extrafascial hysterectomy was performed most often on women in the older age groups, while most of the younger patients were treated by conization. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 5 years years. There was a 1.0% recurrence of invasive carcinoma and a 4.0% recurrence of noninvasive carcinoma. All invasive recurrences occurred after hysterectomy. None of the patients died from complications of carcinoma.
The Prevalence and Persistence of Group B Streptococcal Colonization Among Hospital Personnel
Authors: Green Stephen L. , Nodell Carolyn C. , Porter Carol Q. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA prospective study was performed to determine the prevalence and persistence of group B streptococcal colonization among obstetric (high‐risk) and nonobstetric (low‐risk) personnel. Seventy‐four individuals participated in the study and the following sites were sampled: throat, rectum, vagina (females) and anterior urethra (males). The overall colonization rate was 32.4% and no statistical difference was found between high‐ and low‐risk groups. The most frequently recovered serotypes were type III (37.5%) and type II/Ic (33.3%). Individuals older than 30 years were more likely to carry type II/Ic, whereas personnel in their twenties were most frequently colonized with type III. The rectum was the most frequently colonized site (83.3%). The vagina/urethra was colonized in 62.5% and the throat in 8.4% of carriers. Twenty‐three culture‐positive individuals were recultured from all sites three to six months later and persistent colonization was found in 56.5%. There was no statistical difference in persistence between the high‐ and low‐risk groups. Type III carriers tended to become culture‐negative, whereas type II/Ic carriers were significantly more likely to remain colonized with group B streptococci.
The Effectiveness of Obligatory Lymphadenectomy in Treating Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: Tulzer H. , Kupka S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFor the past 20 years, obligatory lymphadenectomy has been performed with the Wertheim's operation for carcinoma of the cervix at the First University Women's Clinic in Vienna. Formerly, selective lymphadenectomy was performed with the radical operation, with only nodes suspected of metastasis being removed. The theoretical advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed, and several previous reports are analyzed and criticized. Our experience at the First University Women's Clinic shows that rates of mortality from recurrence were higher for a group of patients who underwent selective lymphadenectomy from 1946 to 1949 than for two more recent series who were treated with obligatory lymphadenectomy. Thus, the effectiveness of performing the latter procedure with the Wertheim's operation to reduce mortality from recurrence is confirmed.
The Effect of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Blood Pressure
Authors: Black Henry R. , Leppert Phyllis , DeCherney Alan 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTwenty‐four women (21 normotensive and 3 hypertensive) aged 16–35 years received 150‐mg injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for contraception. Their blood pressure (BP) was measured under basal conditions by the same nurse before treatment and at 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐month intervals. Their mean BP fell from 124.1/79.4 to 119.8/74.6 mm Hg at one month (p < 0.05 for diastolic pressure) to 117.0/74.9 mm Hg at two months and to 115.6/73.2 mm Hg at three months. When the normotensive patients were analyzed separately, their BP fell, but not significantly. Only one patient had a rise of 20 mm Hg systolic, but she remained normotensive. We conclude that medroxyprogesterone acetate does not raise BP.
Loss of Beat‐to‐Beat Variability and a Negative Oxytocin Challenge Test: an Ominous Prognostic Sign
Authors: Homburg Roy , Insler Vaclav 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe reputation of the predictive accuracy of a negative oxytocin challenge test (OCT) has been somewhat tarnished by recent sporadic reports of intrauterine fetal death relatively soon after a negative OCT. We have analyzed probable causes and the possibilities of reducing to a minimum “false‐negative” results of the OCT. In particular, several of these reports did not lake into account the loss of baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) variability recorded during the OCT and, in the absence of late decelerations, the OCT was interpreted as negative. We suggest that recordings showing a loss of baseline beat‐to‐beat FHR variability and a negative OCT illustrate a complete inability of the fetus to react to any stimulus and that, in these cases, a negative OCT should in no way be reassuring, but rather a warning sign of severe fetal compromise. Two cases are presented to illustrate this phenomenon.
A Comparative Study of Labor Induced by Oral Prostaglandin E2 and Buccal Tablets of Demoxytocin
Authors: Ulstein Magnar , Sagen Norvald , Eikhom i Nome 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA comparative study of the efficacy of oral prostaglandin E2 and buccal tablets of demoxytocin for induction of labor in overdue pregnancies was made in groups of randomly selected patients. Labor was successfully induced in 95.7% of the women in the prostaglandin group and 92.1% of the women in the demoxytocin group. Although the operative delivery rate was low in both groups, it was significantly higher for the demoxytocin group. A low rate of perinatal distress was recorded and there were no serious side effects in either group. The time from start of induction until delivery, as well as the time from amniotomy until delivery, were compared for primiparae and multiparae separately. No significant differences were found. The blood loss during the third stage of labor was lower in the prostaglandin group. We find oral induction of labor in overdue pregnancies effective, safe and convenient.
A New Technique for Minilaparotomy
Authors: Palaniappan B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFemale sterilization by minilaparotomy was performed on 500 patients at Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Madras, India. Access to the Fallopian tubes was achieved by elevating the uterus with the gloved hand of a medical or paramedical assistant. The effectiveness of the fingers for this maneuver in place of various uterine elevators is discussed and its usefulness pointed out in relation to practice in developing countries. The role of paramedical personnel and the hospital's medical staff, in this technique is described.
The Outcome of Pregnancies Subsequent to Induced and Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Oronsaye A. U. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA study was made of 8982 women who were admitted for delivery over a four‐year period to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Of the 5682 women who had had more than one pregnancy, 14.5% admitted a history of one or more abortions (spontaneous or induced). Of the whole series, 8.8% admitted having had one or more induced abortions. Patients with prior abortions were compared with selected controls, and maternal characteristics were standardized between the two groups. Undesirable outcomes of subsequent pregnancy, such as low birth weight, premature delivery, stillbirth, neonatal death, miscarriage or congenital malformation, did not seem to increase in patients with histories of abortions.
A Program of IUD Insertions by Paraprofessionals and Physicians in the Philippines
Authors: Ramos Rebecca , Apelo Ruben A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA program of IUD insertions by paramedics and physicians was undertaken at the José Fabella Memorial Hospital. Both Lippes C and D were inserted in the postpartum and interval periods. Results show that paramedics can safely and effectively perform IUD insertions, although there are indications of a need to periodically monitor, and perhaps retrain, personnel, be they paramedic or physician, in the techniques of IUD insertion.
Sarcoma Botryoides in a Nigerian Female Infant
Authors: Laditan A. A. O. , Adeniyi A. , Aimakhu V. E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA case of sarcoma botryoides has been reported in a 10‐month‐old Nigerian female infant. The tumor has behaved true to form by its location and histologic appearance. The prognosis in this child is still guarded, as chemotherapy has been the only form of treatment. Although she has been under observation for one year now, there has been no local recurrence of the tumor.
Studies on Liver Function Under the Influence of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Brügmann E. , Göretzlehner G. , Dabels J. , Töwe J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe effects of two sequential therapies using mestranol as an estrogen and chlormadinone acetate and norethisterone acetate, respectively, as a gestagen on the aminotransferase (GOT and GPT), alkaline phosphatase and α‐amylase activities, the cholesterol, total bilirubin and total protein contents and the indocyanine green (Ujoviridin, VEB Chemiekombinat Bitterfeld) half‐life were studied in two groups, each comprising 12 women of fertile age. The serum protein was separated by paper electrophoresis and both the thymol turbidity and zinc sulphate tests were performed during the first treatment cycle. An estrogen‐induced rise in alanine aminotransferase (GPT) activity from 6.31 U/liter to 12.14 U/liter was observed during application of the mestranol/chlormadinone acetate therapy. The value dropped to 5.34 U/liter when chlormadinone acetate was administered as a gestagen in addition to the estrogen. No significant changes were noted in the other biochemical parameters.Sequential therapy involving application of mestranol and norethisterone acetate produced only statistically secured rises in the α1‐globulin content and the GPT activity. All other changes in the different parameters remained within the normal range and were statistically insignificant.
Postpartum and Postabortion Use of the TCu‐220C and Lippes Loop: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sobrevilla Luis A. , Quintero Alirio Gomez , Bailey Jerald 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe postinsertion experience of 274 women with the TCu‐220C and 522 women with the Lippes Loop in a university hospital family planning program in Bogotá, Colombia, has been studied by a life‐table method. Pregnancy and continuation rates are similar for both devices. Although the expulsion rate of the TCu‐220C is significantly lower than that of the Loop up to 12 months, higher removal rates for the TCu‐220C account for the similarity in overall continuation.
Abortion with Sulprostone, a Prostaglandin E2 Derivative
Authors: Pulkkinen M. O. , Kajanoja P. , Kivikoski A. , Saastamoinen J. , Selander K. , Tuimala R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSulprostone, a prostaglandin E2 derivative, was used in a multicenter trial to terminate 478 pregnancies of 8–21 weeks' gestation. The compound was clinically well accepted without premedication in extraovular, intravenous and intramuscular routes of administration. At 24 hours after treatment, 67%–88% of the patients had aborted, with a low average incidence of side effects. Sulprostone is preferred clinically to primary prostaglandins. Intravenous infusion was found to be the safest route, but intramuscular injection proved to be the most practical.
Susceptibility of Abortion Patients to Infection: Correlation to Cervical Flora
Authors: Paavonen J. , Kajanoja P. , Larinkari U. , Purola E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCervical bacterial microflora was studied with a semiquantitative method in 29 women both before and after the termination of their pregnancy. The main findings were high prevalence of anaerobic bacteria (in 72%–79% of the specimens) consisting predominantly of Bacteroides species and anaerobic Gram‐positive cocci, and low prevalence of aerobic bacteria (in 24%–38% of the specimens). Among the other microbes studied, the prevalence of Chlamydia excretors was high (24%), probably reflecting a promiscuous study population. Seventeen percent of the women developed febrile postabortion endometritis or salpingitis. However, the cervical culture results predicted neither the patient prone to infection nor her response to antimicrobial treatment, suggesting the need for more data concerning the virulence properties of the bacteria, together with isolation of the organism from an infected site.
Correlation of Optical Density, Lecithin and Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio in Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Fonseca M. E. , Forsbach G. , Ganales E. S. , Zárate A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe correlation between optical density at 650 nm, lecithin and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio was investigated in 94 amniotic fluid samples obtained from 90 patients between 28 and 40 weeks of pregnancy. All samples were processed immediately and those contaminated with blood or meconium were discarded. The correlation coefficient between lecithin and absorbance was high (0.926). The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio also had a good correlation coefficient with the optical density (0.768). We conclude that absorbance at 650 nm is a reliable test for assessing fetal lung maturation.
Maternal Mortality in Nigeria Compared with Earlier International Experience
Authors: Hartfield V.J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOf 175 women dying at a nonteaching hospital, 133 succumbed for obstetric reasons after the 20th week of pregnancy, a mortality of 9.18 per 1000 live births, most commonly caused by obstructed labor, postpartum hemorrhage and eclampsia. There was a marked difference in the death rate between women who attended the antenatal clinic at least three times and those who did not, 2.85 and 27.06 per 1000, respectively, although 75% of the antenatal patients were delivered at home without medical or nursing attendants. The difference is attributed to greater use of hospital facilities by scheduled patients when trouble arose. Positive personal relationships between staff and patients in the antenatal and pediatric clinics, combined with good teaching, are essential for prevention of maternal death. Clinical research, accurate collection of data and staff experienced in local patterns of disease were major factors in lowering mortality. A review of deaths in other parts of the world is presented. Causes and incidence in developing countries are found to be similar, paralleling rates in the United States and the United Kingdom 50 and 100 years ago. The priority for world obstetric research should be general communication of scientific insights for preventing maternal death.
The Significance of Baseline Tachycardia in the Postterm Fetus
Authors: Ron M. , Adoni A. , Hochner‐Celnikier D. , Palti Z. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTwo cases of uncomplicated fetal baseline tachycardia in postterm pregnancies that resulted in fetal death are reported. The tachycardia was the only sign of fetal distress in both cases. Although the condition is not usually considered an ominous sign of fetal outcome, the authors recommend immediate cesarian section in postterm cases of severe fetal baseline tachycardia occurring before or during labor.
A Unilateral Functioning Uterine Anlage with Müllerian Duct Agenesis
Authors: Rock John A. , Baramki Theodore A. , Parmley Tim H. , Jones Howard W. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe case reports of two female adolescents with congenital absence of the Müllerian ducts and a unilaterally enlarged uterine anlage containing functioning endometrial tissue are presented. The clinical manifestations may vary depending upon the delay in diagnosis after the onset of endometrial shedding within the anlage. A high index of suspicion and proper diagnostic evaluation may prevent unnecessary hospitalization. In our experience, prompt removal of the functioning uterine anlage affords complete relief of the symptoms.
A Study of Postpill Amenorrhea
Authors: Chatterjee Ratna , Banerjee Sreemanta , Ghosh K. K. , Chaudhuri N. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTLevels of follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin were evaluated in 52 cases of postpill amenorrhea at the Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta, India. All 52 patients had experienced amenorrhea for one year since discontinuation of oral contraceptive therapy. The incidence of postpill amenorrhea was much higher in patients with histories of oligomenorrhea or irregular menstrual periods. No relationship was seen between the number of cycles of pills used and the incidence of postpill amenorrhea. The ratio of luteinizing hormone to follicle‐stimulating hormone in all cases exceeded unity, indicating that postpill amenorrhea is a type of functional secondary amenorrhea.
Complications of Pulmonary Artery Catheterization in Obstetric Patients
Authors: Rafferty Terence D. , Berkowitz Richard L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTwenty‐one obstetric patients in whom pulmonary artery catheters had been inserted were studied. Complications were minor in nature and unassociated with adverse sequelae. They included transient premature ventricular contractions on insertion of the catheter in two cases and a ruptured balloon and a positive culture of the catheter tip in one case.
Prostaglandin F2α for Interrupting Pregnancy, Managing Intrauterine Death and Molar Pregnancy and Inducing Labor
Authors: de Gezelle Herman , Thiery Michel , Parewijck Walter , Decoster Jean‐Marie 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSerial intramuscular injections of 250 μg of 15(S), 15‐methyl‐prostaglandin F2α were given to 105 women every 1‐3 hours in an attempt to induce second‐trimester abortion (N = 80) or labor (N = 25), the latter because of late intrauterine death or anencephaly. The treatment was highly successful; the cumulative expulsion rates at 12 and 24 hours were 69% and 95%, respectively. There were no serious complications, and significant alterations in the mother's vital signs were uncommon. Gastrointestinal side effects are tolerable if the woman is properly premedicated and maintained on the antiemetic, antidiarrheic and analgesic treatments.
Impact of Fetal Scalp Blood pH on the Incidence of Cesarean Section Performed for Fetal Distress
Authors: Ayromlooi Jahangir , Garfinkel Richard 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTo determine the impact of fetal scalp blood pH sampling (FSBpH) on the incidence of cesarean section performed for fetal distress, a retrospective clinical study was designed to compare rates of surgical intervention before and after the introduction of FSBpH in 1977. The use of the FSBpH sampling has been shown to decrease the rate of cesarean section as a means of dealing with fetal distress from 78.0% to 57.5% without a significant change in the Apgar score.
Uretero‐urinary Fistulae in Obstetrics: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Oumachigui Asha , Sen S. B. , Nayak P. Nirupama 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTMost urinary fistulae of obstetric origin involve the bladder. The ureter is rarely injured. The authors report three cases of uretero‐uterine fistulae, an entity accounting for 1.6% of all urinary fistulae resulting from obstetric trauma. Diagnosis and management are discussed with reference to 19 cases of uretero‐uterine fistulae reported in the literature.