bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Complexity Conflict in Research and Practice: The Case of Public-Private Interface Configuration
Authors: Jahodová Šárka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe disassociation between research and practice in architecture and urban design is a recognised issue, leading to an ongoing academic debate on the credibility of the field. Most authors agree that the irreducible nature of the practice, the complexity of the built environment itself, and its indirect and multidisciplinary shaping processes render the applicability of gained knowledge problematic, as researchers are inherently confronted with the dilemma of rigour vs. relevance. This paper explores the relevance of architectural research and constraints to the application of theoretical knowledge in practice in a particular case of urban interface. It discusses the benefits and limits of planning and design tools derived from the theoretically described causal relationship between the physical configuration of the public-private interface and its social effects on users of the adjacent public space. Through a conceptualization of the process, the article illustrates that the application of theoretical knowledge in urban design and planning can be significantly improved by considering the factors of scale and spatial context as well as the forming forces, values, and motivations of the actors involved. This theoretical dissection aims to clarify the contradiction between theoretical values and subsequent practice to help promote not universally good but, more essentially, adequate, sustainable, and equitable spaces.
Interscalar and Interdisciplinary Approaches for a Valley Community. The Case of Sappada
Authors: Massarente Alessandro , Tessari Alessandro , Guidetti Elena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOur research aimed to explore an inter-scalar field in which architectural design tools are intertwined with urban and territorial scales. The case is an enclave between different limits: a valley near the border with Austria, located on the edge of north of Veneto region with an ethnic-linguistic heritage of Germanic matrix, administratively migrated in 2017 to Friuli Venezia Giulia region. Due to this specific geographical identity, local communities and municipal administration needed to define new sustainable development models of their territory. This gave us the chance to fine-tune a design exploration process holding territorial plan, with its analytical and programmatic categories. Additionally, it allowed us to address prefigurations, of a dispositive and dimensional nature, that enable the definition of thematic aspects through urban and landscape tools in various locations. Through discussion tables with local communities, various stakeholders, and interdisciplinary experts, as well as cross-referencing data provided by the administration itself, we elaborated open web-based GIS tools. These tools allow for the interrogation of data at different levels. From this analytical phase, five main themes emerged: naturalistic system, tourism resources, local economies, territorial infrastructures, and historical identity heritage. These themes represent the inter-scalar field within which different design explorations at urban and landscape scales intend to interweave possible relationships with territorial and urban plans.
Architectural Design Studio: Embracing a Transdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Panayi Christina , Roussou Effrosyni , Charalambous Nadia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe co-creation design studio at the Department of Architecture, University of Cyprus, has been acting as a meeting place for students, educators, researchers, citizens, and external stakeholders since 2021, aiming to bridge gaps between architectural research, pedagogy, civil society, and local governance bodies through a transdisciplinary pedagogical framework. Acknowledging that many societal challenges are complex and multifaceted and cannot be adequately addressed by any single discipline or sector alone, the studio focuses on the co-production of knowledge with stakeholders outside of academia. This entails involving them from the outset of the project as well as co-designing design activities and proposals that are relevant to their needs and interests, ensuring a grounded process in real-world challenges. The studio’s pedagogical framework and methodology have been designed, implemented, and evaluated three times until now through participatory action research methodology, investigating the impact on the design result, the development of skills for the students, and their attitude towards their role as future professionals. The paper highlights the findings of these three years of research in a reflective way, suggesting future steps for improvement. Its long-term repetition will gradually build a knowledge base, aiming to revisit existing educational methods to respond to current and future challenges in an efficient and inclusive way.
Aligning the Pedagogy of Postgraduate Professional Practice Courses to Develop the Meta-competencies Required of Architects Today
Authors: Mullally Claire , Brown-Molloy Catherine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe architectural profession can be seen as a developing and multidisciplinary career, which has evolved from the Vitruvian sole master to the need for specialisation and collaboration in multidisciplinary teams. As a regulated profession, postgraduate professional practice courses in Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK) play a critical role in the registration process for Architects. However, there is little research published on the pedagogy of these courses nor their suitability to the evolving demands on the multifaceted role required of Architects today. As a result, there is a need to reassess professional practice courses considering the competencies required in Architect’s diverse ways of practice. Over the past two decades, the number of Irish institutions offering Bachelor and Master of Architecture courses has increased significantly. Therefore, the demand for developing a new postgraduate course to meet the increased number of graduates is acknowledged. This presents an opportunity to address the research gap identified and to explore innovative approaches to curriculum design, delivery and assessment that can enhance learning while adapting to the changing societal, environmental, technological and professional challenges of architectural practice. In a desktop study, courses in Ireland and the UK were systematically examined to reveal fundamental similarities, with some significant variances. The study highlights the importance of reflective practice and multidisciplinary learning in preparation for the global challenges of the built environment. The complex nature of the architecture profession requires a diverse range of skill sets, knowledge and competencies as well as meta-competencies.
Design Institutes and Design Studios
Authors: Trisciuoglio Marco , Li Bao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe contribution describes an urban design teaching activity developed in the last eight years (2016–2023) at the top School of Architecture in China. Several Design Studios “Urban morphology, architectural typology, contemporary settlement patterns” has been held at the School of Architecture, in Southeast University Nanjing, China.One of the main features of the teaching activity has been the strong connection with the practice activities developed within the Design Institute of the same University, such as the Urban Architectural Lab, founded in 2006 as part of the historic Architects & Engineers Co. Ltd. of the same university.The role of the Design Institutes is specific of the Chinese context, where those public structures are the legacy of the process of collectivization of the professions promoted during the Fifties. The strategic role of the Design Institutes located in the universities allows nowadays not only high quality in design productions, but also the opportunity for students to face real topics of great complexity and to improve their competencies: in design as well as in socio-economic management.The aim of the contribution is also quoting some urban regeneration projects developed in Nanjing historical urban tissues where the connection between Design Institute and Design Studios was fruitful and strong, from the choice of the topic and the surveys to the exams involving stakeholders within the final jury.
New Territorial Narratives
Authors: Rubbo Viviana , Guida Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpatial and territorial complexity require new and multiple forms of representation. Photography becomes the privileged tool to reflect on contemporary shifting landscapes adopting a critical look at our society. Paesaggisensibili is an independent observatory on contemporary landscape, a space for research and experimentation for the elaboration of territorial narratives based on interdisciplinary and multi-actor engagement.
Fractional spins, unfolding, and holography. Part II. 4D higher spin gravity and 3D conformal dual
Authors: Diaz Felipe , Iazeolla Carlo , Sundell Per 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper completes the analysis initiated in the companion work arXiv:2403.02283 — referred to as Paper I — by showing how Vasiliev’s 4D higher-spin gravity (HSG) and 3D coloured conformal matter fields coupled to conformal higher-spin gauge fields and colour gauge fields (coloured conformal HSG, or CCHSG) emerge as consistent reductions of a common parent model. The latter is a Frobenius-Chern-Simons model with superconnection valued in a fractional-spin extension of Vasiliev’s higher-spin algebra, and was defined and studied in Paper I. Here, we i) realize HSG as a subcase of a more general 4D reduction, describing HSG coupled to coloured, fractional-spin matter, which we refer to as 4D fractional-spin gravity; ii) study the CCHSG model, in particular exhibiting the crucial role played by novel colour gauge fields in coupling conformal matter to conformal HSG, thereby completing the models due to Vasiliev and Nilsson; iii) extract conformal currents and composite coloured sources in an expansion of the CCHSG model around 3D Minkowskian leaves; and iv) compare our results with Vasiliev’s holography proposal of arXiv:1203.5554. The common origin of HSG and CCHSG, besides relating the two models directly, is the starting point for establishing the holographic correspondence between the two models via overlap conditions, to be presented separately.
The light we can see: extracting black holes from weak Jacobi forms
Authors: Apolo Luis , Bintanja Suzanne , Castro Alejandra , Liska Diego 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We quantify how constraints on light states affect the asymptotic growth of heavy states in weak Jacobi forms. The constraints we consider are sparseness conditions on the Fourier coefficients of these forms, which are necessary to interpret them as gravitational path integrals. Using crossing kernels, we extract the leading and subleading behavior of these coefficients and show that the leading Cardy-like growth is robust in a wide regime of validity. On the other hand, we find that subleading corrections are sensitive to the constraints placed on the light states, and we quantify their imprint on the asymptotic growth of states. Our approach is tested against the generating function of symmetric product orbifolds, where we provide new insights into the factors contributing to the asymptotic growth of their Fourier coefficients. Finally, we use our methods to revisit the UV/IR connection that relates black hole microstate counting to modular forms. We provide a microscopic interpretation of the logarithmic corrections to the entropy of BPS black holes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2, 4 ungauged supergravity in four and five dimensions, and tie it to consistency conditions in AdS3/CFT2.
The stringy S-matrix bootstrap: maximal spin and superpolynomial softness
Authors: Häring Kelian , Zhiboedov Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We explore the space of meromorphic amplitudes with extra constraints coming from the shape of the leading Regge trajectory. This information comes in two guises: it bounds the maximal spin of exchanged particles of a given mass; it leads to sum rules obeyed by the discontinuity of the amplitude, which express the softness of scattering at high energies. We assume that the leading Regge trajectory is linear, and we derive bounds on the low-energy Wilson coefficients using the dual and primal approaches. For the graviton-graviton scattering in four dimensions, the maximal spin constraint leads to slightly more stringent bounds than those that follow from general constraints of analyticity, crossing, and unitarity. The exponential softness at high energies is manifest in our primal approach and is not used in our implementation of the dual approach. Nevertheless, we observe the agreement between the bounds obtained from both. We conclude that high-energy superpolynomial softness does not leave an obvious imprint on the low-energy observables. We exhibit a unitary three-parameter deformation of the Veneziano amplitude for the open string case. It has a novel, exponentially soft behavior at high energies and fixed angles. We generalize the previous analysis of this regime and present a stringy version of the lower bound on high-energy, fixed-angle scattering by Cerulus and Martin.
Comments on wormholes and factorization
Authors: Saad Phil , Shenker Stephen H. , Yao Shunyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In AdS/CFT partition functions of decoupled copies of the CFT factorize. In bulk computations of such quantities contributions from spacetime wormholes which link separate asymptotic boundaries threaten to spoil this property, leading to a “factorization puzzle.” Certain simple models like JT gravity have wormholes, but bulk computations in them correspond to averages over an ensemble of boundary systems. These averages need not factorize. We can formulate a toy version of the factorization puzzle in such models by focusing on a specific member of the ensemble where partition functions will again factorize.As Coleman and Giddings-Strominger pointed out in the 1980s, fixed members of ensembles are described in the bulk by “α-states” in a many-universe Hilbert space. In this paper we analyze in detail the bulk mechanism for factorization in such α-states in the topological model introduced by Marolf and Maxfield (the “MM model”) and in JT gravity. In these models geometric calculations in α states are poorly controlled. We circumvent this complication by working in approximate α states where bulk calculations just involve the simplest topologies: disks and cylinders.One of our main results is an effective description of the factorization mechanism. In this effective description the many-universe contributions from the full α state are replaced by a small number of effective boundaries. Our motivation in constructing this effective description, and more generally in studying these simple ensemble models, is that the lessons learned might have wider applicability. In fact the effective description lines up with a recent discussion of the SYK model with fixed couplings [1]. We conclude with some discussion about the possible applicability of this effective model in more general contexts.
Arbeitsbedingungen in der Chirurgie und deren Auswirkungen
Authors: Gumpp J. , Fritze-Büttner F. , Blank B. , Axt S. 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In chirurgischen Disziplinen werden schlechte Arbeitsbedingungen und eine hohe Unzufriedenheit der Chirurginnen und Chirurgen der verschiedenen Disziplinen aufgezeigt. Die psychischen Folgen dieser Bedingungen auf die Chirurginnen und Chirurgen selbst sowie Auswirkungen auf deren Familien sind bisher unzureichend beachtet worden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser nationalen Umfrage des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Chirurgie e. V. (BDC) war es, einen aktuellen Status der Arbeitsbedingungen in chirurgischen Abteilungen deutscher Kliniken zu erheben und die psychischen und familiären Auswirkungen dieser aufzuzeigen.

Material und Methoden
Im Zeitraum 01–02/2024 wurde eine Umfrage mit 26 Fragen mit den Schwerpunkten psychische Belastung, beruflich bedingte partnerschaftliche und familiäre Probleme sowie Suchtverhalten an alle Mitglieder des BDC sowie an alle deutschen chirurgischen Fachgesellschaften geschickt.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten 2221 Umfragen ausgewertet werden. Unter den Umfrageteilnehmern wurden Bürokratie (84,4 %) und ein unangemessener Ausgleich von Überstunden (68,1 %) als Hauptbelastung angesehen. Zur Bewältigung der Arbeitsbelastung wurden Alkohol (20,3 %), Nikotin (8,9 %) und Medikamente (8,3 %) angegeben; 60 % der Chirurginnen/Chirurgen gaben einen negativen Einfluss auf ihre Beziehung mit dem Partner/der Partnerin und 40 % auf die Beziehung mit den Kindern an.

Diskussion
Von Chirurginnen/Chirurgen werden schlechte Arbeitsbedingungen angegeben. Diese haben massive Auswirkungen auf die Psyche der Chirurginnen/Chirurgen sowie auf deren familiäre Beziehungen. Konsekutiv denken viele Chirurginnen/Chirurgen daran, den chirurgischen Beruf aufzugeben. Um diese Umstände zu verbessern und den chirurgischen Beruf wieder attraktiver zu machen, muss ein drastisches Umdenken erfolgen.
Are the grandparents alright? The health consequences of grandparental childcare provision
Authors: Eibich Peter , Zai Xianhua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the causal effect of childcare provision on grandparents’ health in the United States. We use the sex ratio among older adults’ children as an instrument for grandparental childcare provision. Our instrument exploits that parents of daughters transition to grandparenthood earlier and invest more in their grandchildren than parents of sons. We estimate 2SLS regressions using data from the Health and Retirement Study. The results suggest that providing childcare is detrimental to grandparents’ physical functioning and subjective health. We show that these effects increase with the intensity of grandchild care provision, and the effects are driven primarily by grandmothers.
A mass spectrometry database for the identification of marine animal saponin-related metabolites
Authors: Smith Stuart J. , Cummins Scott F. , Motti Cherie A. , Wang Tianfang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSaponins encompass a diverse group of naturally occurring glycoside molecules exhibiting amphiphilic properties and a broad range of biological activities. There is a resurgence of interest in those saponins produced by marine organisms based on their potential therapeutic benefits, application in food products and most recently their potential involvement in intra- and inter-species chemical communication. The continual advancements in liquid chromatography techniques and mass spectrometry technologies have allowed for greater detection rates, as well as improved isolation and elucidation of saponins. These factors have significantly contributed to the expansion in the catalogue of known saponin structures isolated from marine invertebrates; however, there currently exists no specific chemical library resource to accelerate the discovery process. In this study, a Marine Animal Saponin Database (MASD v1.0) has been developed to serve as a valuable chemical repository for known marine saponin-related data, including chemical formula, molecular mass and biological origin of nearly 1000 secondary metabolites associated with saponins produced by marine invertebrates. We demonstrate its application with an exemplar asteroid extract (Acanthaster cf. solaris, also known as crown-of-thorns starfish; COTS), identifying saponins from the MASD v1.0 that have been previously reported from COTS, as well as 21 saponins isolated from multiple other related asteroid species. This database will help facilitate future research endeavours, aiding researchers in exploring the vast chemical diversity of saponins produced by marine organisms and providing ecological insights, and the realisation of their potential for various applications, including as pharmaceuticals.
Graphical Abstract
Languages Generated by Conjunctive Query Fragments of FC[REG]
Authors: Thompson Sam M. , Freydenberger Dominik D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract$${\textsf{FC}}$$
FC
is a finite model variant on the theory of concatenation, $${\textsf{FC}[\textsf{REG}]}$$

FC
[
REG
]

extends $${\textsf{FC}}$$
FC
with regular constraints. This paper considers the languages generated by their conjunctive query fragments, and . We compare the expressive power of $${\textsf {FC[REG]-CQ}}$$

FC
[
REG
]
-
CQ

to that of various related language generators, such as regular expressions, patterns, and typed patterns. We then consider decision problems for $${\textsf {FC-CQ}}$$

FC
-
CQ

and $${\textsf {FC[REG]-CQ}}$$

FC
[
REG
]
-
CQ

, and show that certain static analysis problems (such as equivalence and regularity) are undecidable. While this paper defines $${\textsf {FC-CQ}}$$

FC
-
CQ

based on the logic $${\textsf{FC}}$$
FC
, it can equally be understood as synchronized intersections of pattern languages, or as systems of restricted word equations.
CT Perfusion imaging as prognostic factor for outcome of lacunar stroke
Authors: Mausbach Stefan , Abdallah Lamya Ahmad , Ben-David Eliel , Teitcher Michael , Bornstein Natan M. , Eichel Roni 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Early neurological deterioration (END) affects 20–30% of patients with lacunar stroke within 48 h despite optimal treatment. Previously established markers included infection and infarct location on imaging. We studied the utility of measuring global cerebral blood flow (gCBF) measured by CT-Perfusion (CTP) as an early predictor of END in patients with lacunar strokes.

Methods
162 patients with lacunar stroke were measured for gCBF including both cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum. We stratified patients by normal gCBF (> 40 ml/100 mg/min) vs. low gCBF (< 40 ml/100 mg/min). Stroke location, vascular risk factors, age and gender were assessed. The primary outcome was the change in the NIHSS score after 48 h from index stroke.

Results
Mean gCBF of the overall cohort was 37.72 ml/100 mg/min. Both groups had a baseline NIHSS score of 4.2 with similar standard deviations. The NIHSS score decreased by 1.3 points in normal gCBF group and increased by 1.1 points in the low gCBF group. All stroke sites deteriorated in the low gCBF group, particularly the capsula interna, corona radiata, and lateral pontine area. END occurred in 37.8% in low gCBF compared to 3.1% in the normal gCBF patients. In contrast, clinical improvement after 48 h occurred in 64.2% of patients with normal gCBF but only 6.1% with low gCBF.

Conclusion
Our study supports measurement of gCBF by CTP as a potential imaging biomarker for END. Additionally, it adds evidence to the body of supporting the vulnerability of capsula interna and pontine infarctions to END.