bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bumblebee colony development following chronic exposure to field-realistic levels of the neonicotinoid pesticide thiamethoxam under laboratory conditions
Authors: Stanley Dara A. , Raine Nigel E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeonicotinoid pesticides are used in agriculture to reduce damage from crop pests. However, beneficial insects such as bees can come into contact with these pesticides when foraging in treated areas, with potential consequences for bee declines and pollination service delivery. Honeybees are typically used as a model organism to investigate insecticide impacts on bees, but relatively little is known about impacts on other taxa such as bumblebees. In this experiment, we chronically exposed whole mature bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) colonies to field-realistic levels of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam (2.4ppb & 10ppb) over four weeks, and compared colony growth under laboratory conditions. We found no impact of insecticide exposure on colony weight gain, or the number or mass of sexuals produced, although colonies exposed to 2.4ppb produced larger males. As previous studies have reported pesticide effects on bumblebee colony growth, this may suggest that impacts on bumblebee colonies are more pronounced for colonies at an earlier stage in the reproductive cycle. Alternatively, it may also indicate that thiamethoxam differs in toxicity compared to previously tested neonicotinoids in terms of reproductive effects. In either case, assessing bumblebee colony development under field conditions is likely more informative for real world scenarios than tests conducted in laboratory conditions.
Recent Advances in Nitrogen–Nitrogen Bond Formation
Authors: Guo Qihang , Lu Zhan 
Published: August 2017

Over the last decade, N–N bond formation as a synthetic strategy has emerged as a powerful key step in the construction of highly valuable heterocycles from easily obtained materials. This review focuses on recent methods used to build N–N bonds, classified by intra- and intermolecular reactions with various types of N–X (O, C, N, H) bond cleavage.1 I	ntroduction2	Intramolecular N–N Bond Formation2.1	Cleavage of N–O Bonds2.2	Cleavage of N–C Bonds2.3	Cleavage of N–N Bonds2.4	Cleavage of N–H Bonds2.4.1	Construction of Pyrazole Derivatives2.4.2	Construction of Triazole Derivatives2.4.3	Construction of Indazole and Pyrazoline Derivatives2.4.4	Construction of Other N–N Bond Derivatives3	Intermolecular N–N Bond Formation4	Conclusion
Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry of Uterine Leiomyomas in Nigerian Women
Authors: Idowu Bukunmi Michael , Ibitoye Bolanle Olubunmi , Adetiloye Victor Adebayo 
Published: August 2017

Objective To describe the blood flow velocities and impedance indices changes in the uterine arteries of leiomyomatous uteri using Doppler sonography.
Methods This was a prospective, case-control study conducted on 140 premenopausal women with sonographic diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma and 140 premenopausal controls without leiomyomas. Pelvic sonography was performed to diagnose and characterize the leiomyomas. The hemodynamics of the ascending branches of both main uterine arteries was assessed by Doppler interrogation. Statistical analysis was performed mainly using non-parametric tests.
Results The median uterine volume of the subjects was 556 cm3, while that of the controls was 90.5 cm3 (p < 0.001). The mean peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMX), time-averaged mean velocity (Tmean), acceleration time (AT), acceleration index (AI), diastolic/systolic ratio (DSR), diastolic average ratio (DAR), and inverse pulsatility index (PI) were significantly higher in the subjects (94.2 cm/s, 29.7 cm/s, 49.1 cm/s, 25.5 cm/s, 118 ms, 0.8, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.8 respectively) compared with the controls (54.2 cm/s, 7.7 cm/s, 20.0 cm/s, 10.0 cm/s, 92.0 ms, 0.6, 0.1, 0.4, and 0.4 respectively); p < 0.001 for all values. Conversely, the mean PI, resistivity index (RI), systolic/diastolic ratio (SDR) and impedance index (ImI) of the subjects (1.52, 0.70, 3.81, and 3.81 respectively) were significantly lower than those of the controls (2.38, 0.86, 7.23, and 7.24 respectively); p < 0.001 for all values.
Conclusion There is a significantly increased perfusion of leiomyomatous uteri that is most likely due to uterine enlargement.
New approach to decrease post-ERCP adverse events in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Navaneethan Udayakumar , Lourdusamy Dennisdhilak , Gutierrez Norma , Zhu Xiang , Vargo John , Parsi Mansour 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is often performed in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Our aim was to validate a treatment approach with the objective of decreasing ERCP related adverse events (AEs).
Patients and methods All patients who had undergone ERCP for PSC during the period from 2002 – 2012 were identified (group I). This group had traditional ERCP (no bile aspiration prior to contrast injection with balloon dilation and stent placement for treatment of dominant strictures). To decrease ERCP-related AEs, we changed the ERCP approach in which bile aspiration was performed prior to contrast injection and balloon dilation alone was performed for treatment of dominant strictures. This was tested prospectively in all patients undergoing ERCP for PSC from 2012 – 2014 (group II).
Results The risk of overall AEs and cholangitis was relatively less in group II compared with group I [(2.1 % vs. 10.3 %; P = .38) and (0 % vs. 4.4 %; P = .68)]. On bivariate analysis, change in ERCP approach was associated with decreased risk of post-procedure cholangitis (0 % vs. 10.2 %, P = .03) and overall AE (0 % vs. 18.6 %, P = .03). There were no AEs in 22/46 patients in group II who had bile aspiration with balloon dilation. On multivariate analysis, only biliary stent placement was associated with increased risk of AEs (OR 4.10 (1.32 – 12.71); P = .02) and cholangitis (OR 5.43, 1.38 – 21.38; P = .02) respectively.
Conclusion Biliary aspiration and avoidance of stenting approach after dilation of strictures during ERCP in PSC patients appears to be associated with decreased risk of cholangitis and overall AEs. Future prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to validate our observation.
Gastric superficial neoplasia: high miss rate but slow progression
Authors: Shimodate Yuichi , Mizuno Motowo , Doi Akira , Nishimura Naoyuki , Mouri Hirokazu , Matsueda Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background and aims Gastric superficial neoplasia (GSN) is often overlooked at endoscopy because of difficulty in identifying it. The miss rate of GSN at endoscopy and the impact on clinical outcome of the missed GSN have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated these issues.
Methods Among 1462 endoscopically and pathologically diagnosed gastric cancers in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014, previous records of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were available for 198 lesions (index lesions) and were reviewed retrospectively. Among those, 157 lesions, which were diagnosed as GSN on the basis of their EGD findings at initial endoscopy, were analyzed. Progression was defined as advanced cancer in the index lesion.
Results Among the 157 GSNs, 118 (75.2 %) had not been recorded in the previous EGD report but were evident upon review of endoscopic photographs for this study. Progression to advanced cancer was observed in only 13 (8.3 %) of the 157 GSNs during a mean interval of 41 months and as long as 96 months, and the rate of progression was similar in missed and not-missed lesions (8.5 % and 7.7 %, respectively). Cumulative incidence rates of progression of missed GSNs to advanced cancer were 0.8 %, 1.7 %, 4.2 %, and 7.6 % at 36, 48, 60, and 72 months after the initial EGD, respectively.
Conclusions Our findings illustrate that GSNs are often missed at endoscopy but progress slowly in most cases. Even though the rate of progression to cancer is relatively low, rigorous attempts should be made to reduce the miss rate of GSNs at EGD.
Movement Patterns of a U-20 National Women’s Soccer Team during Competitive Matches: Influence of Playing Position and Performance in the First Half
Authors: Ramos Guilherme , Nakamura Fábio , Pereira Lucas , Junior Wanderley , Mahseredjian Fábio , Wilke Carolina , Garcia Emerson , Coimbra Cândido 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the match locomotor characteristics of a sample of U-20 Brazilian female soccer players. Seven international matches were analyzed during the 2015 U-20 South American Championship, using global positioning technology. During a typical match, fullbacks and forwards covered greater distances in high-intensity running and sprinting than central defenders and midfielders (effect size [ES]=1.42–3.69). In the final 15 min of a game, total and high-intensity running distance and player load were ≈20 to 35% (ES=0.41–3.86) lower than in the first 15 min period for midfielders, fullbacks, forwards, and central defenders. Sprinting, and high-intensity running distances, and the frequency of accelerations >2 m.s−2 immediately after the most intense 5-min period declined in forwards (ES=1.78–2.67), fullbacks (ES=1.96–5.25), midfielders (ES=1.66–3.77), and central defenders (ES=1.50–4.22). Maintaining ‘high’ levels of activity in the first half resulted in ≈19% reductions in the second half for sprinting distance and frequency of accelerations >2 m.s−2 (ES=0.43 and 0.88), while increases in these locomotor activities were observed in situations with ‘low’ levels of activity (ES=0.64 and 1.12, for sprinting and accelerations >2 m.s−2, respectively) (within-subject analysis). The data demonstrate that high-intensity efforts are reduced during various phases of international matches and overall activity patterns vary among playing positions. This information could be useful in the development and prescription of sex- and age-specific training regimes.
Survey study on the practice patterns in the endoscopic management of malignant distal biliary obstruction
Authors: Yang Dennis , Perbtani Yaseen , An Qi , Agarwal Mitali , Riverso Michael , Chakraborty Joydeep , Brar Tony , Westerveld Donevan , Zhang Han , Chauhan Shailendra , Forsmark Christopher , Draganov Peter 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background and study aim Endoscopic biliary drainage for malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO) is a common practice. Controversy persists with regard to its role in resectable MDBO, the optimal technical method and type of stent. The aim of this study was to evaluate practice patterns in the treatment of MDBO among endoscopists with varying levels of experience and practice backgrounds.
Methods Electronic survey distributed to members of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE). The main outcome measures included practice setting (academic vs. community), volume of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs), reasons for endoscopic drainage in MDBO, and technical approach.
Results A total of 335 subjects (54 % community-based endoscopists) completed the survey. Most academic physicians (69 %) reported performing ≥ 150 ERCPs annually compared to 18.8 % of community physicians (P < 0.001). In aggregate, 13.1 % of respondents performed ERCP in resectable MDBO because of surgeon preference or as the standard of care at their institution. The use of metal vs. plastic stents in MDBO varied based on practice setting. Routine sphincterotomy for MDBO was more common among community (78 %) vs academic endoscopists (61.1 %) (P < 0.001). Over half (58 %) of the subjects avoided covering the cystic duct take-off during stenting MDBO if there was a gallbladder in situ.
Conclusion There is significant variability in practice patterns for the treatment of MDBO. In spite of the recent ASGE guideline recommendations, some patients with resectable MDBO still undergo preoperative ERCP. Current clinical practices are not clearly supported by available data and underscore the need to increase adherence to gastrointestinal societal recommendations and an evidence-based approach to standardized patient care.
Nasal Nitric Oxide Measurement and a Modified PICADAR Score for the Screening of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in Adults with Bronchiectasis
Authors: Rademacher J. , Buck A. , Schwerk N. , Price M. , Fuge J. , Welte T. , Ringshausen F. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background Determining the underlying diagnosis is essential for the targeted and specific treatment of bronchiectasis. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease, which is characterized by abnormalities in ciliary structure and/or function and which may result in bronchiectasis. The disease is probably underestimated among adults with bronchiectasis due to the fact that extensive diagnostic testing is required and that the recognition of PCD is low.
Objective To evaluate a feasible screening algorithm for PCD among adults with bronchiectasis.
Methods Data from all patients who presented to our bronchiectasis outpatient clinic from June 2010 until July 2016 were retrospectively analysed from our database. Nasal NO (nNO) and a modified PICADAR score (PrImary CiliAry DyskinesiA Rule) were measured and compared in the two groups of PCD-bronchiectasis and non-PCD-bronchiectasis.
Results 185 of 365 patients (75 males, 110 females) had a sufficient measurement of nNO concentration and complete clinical data and were eligible for analysis. The mean (SD) nNO concentration in nL/ml was significant lower in the PCD group compared to the non-PCD group (25 [31] and 227 [112] nL/min, respectively; p < 0.001). A nNO level of 77 nL/min had the best discriminative value to differentiate between the two groups. Patients with PCD had a significant higher modified PIDACAR score than patients without PCD (5 2 and 1 1, respectively [p < 0.001]). Using ROC curve analysis, the modified PICADAR score of 2 had the best discriminative value with a sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity of 0.89.
Conclusions Low nNO concentration and the modified PICADAR score are suitable and cheap screening tests for PCD in adults with bronchiectasis.
Für den Notfall gerüstet
Authors: Weisner Thomas 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Reanimation von Kindern Der kindliche Atem-Kreislauf-Stillstand ist zwar selten, aber wahrscheinlich gerade deshalb mit hohem
emotionalem Stress verbunden. Für ein möglichst gutes Outcome ist es unerlässlich, dass bei Kindern vor allem auf die Basismaßnahmen der
Reanimation größter Wert gelegt wird. Anhand der im Oktober 2015 aktualisierten Fassung der Leitlinien zur kardiopulmonalen Reanimation bei
Kindern soll dieser Artikel einen Überblick über dieses wichtige Thema und die dazugehörigen Handlungsabläufe geben. Zudem soll der Leser
motiviert werden, sich mit Kindernotfällen näher zu beschäftigen und sich dazu regelmäßig fortzubilden.
Eltern lernen
Authors: Sommerfeld Marion , Hinner Patricia , Reichert Jörg 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Strukturierte Elternanleitung in der Neonatologie Zu früh oder krank geborene Kinder stellen Eltern vor eine schwierige Aufgabe. Was
gilt es im Umgang mit dem Kind zu beachten? Wie begegnen sie den emotionalen Belastungen, die mit der Situation verbunden sind? Am
Perinatalzentrum der Uniklinik Dresden begleitet ein Team aus Spezialisten die Eltern und zeigt ihnen in einem speziellen Schulungsprogramm,
wie sie ihr Kind am besten versorgen.
Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial cancer of the cervical esophagus
Authors: Iizuka Toshiro , Kikuchi Daisuke , Hoteya Shu , Kajiyama Yoshiaki , Kaise Mitsuru 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Cervical esophageal cancer (CEC) is a less common form of cancer and often locally advanced at the time of diagnosis; thus, survival rates for patients with CEC remain poor. However, no reports exist on results of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial cancer at the cervical esophagus. The aim of this retrospective study was to elucidate the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of ESD for superficial CEC.
Patients and methods ESD was performed on 891 lesions (in 662 patients) for superficial esophageal cancer from January 2008 to December 2015. Of these, 45 lesions (45 patients) were enrolled in the case group (CEC), and 405 lesions (375 patients) were enrolled in the control group (superficial cancer in the middle thoracic esophagus). The safety of ESD, including R0 resection rate and adverse events, and the efficacy, such as the local recurrence rate and overall survival rate, were evaluated.
Results The R0 resection rate was 91.1 % in the case group and 96 % in the control group. The rate of esophageal stricture was significantly higher in the case group (20 %) than in the control group (6.6 %). There was no local recurrence, and the 3-year survival rate was 88.4 % in the case group and 96.7 % in the control group.
Conclusions ESD for superficial cancer in the cervical esophagus was achieved safely, and successful local control was also confirmed. However, the esophageal stricture after ESD was more frequent.
Clinical impact of EUS treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis with dedicated devices
Authors: Tarantino Ilaria , Ligresti Dario , Tuzzolino Fabio , Barresi Luca , Curcio Gabriele , Granata Antonino , Traina Mario 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) represents the major risk factor for sepsis-related multiple organ failure. Surgical debridement is an invasive approach associated with high rates of adverse events (AEs) and death. As an alternative, endoscopic ultrasound-guided cysto-gastro-anastomosis has emerged as an effective treatment for WOPNs. Recently a new dedicated-lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) has been used with satisfactory results in treating peri-pancreatic fluid collections, including WOPNs. The primary outcomes of this study were to evaluate survival and clinical success. Secondary outcomes included: technical success, adverse events and recurrence rate.
Patients and methods All consecutive patients with infected WOPN between February 2014 and June 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients underwent placement of a new LAMS incorporated in an electrocautery-enhanced delivery system and direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN). DEN was performed immediately after stent deployment and repeated every 3 to 7 days until complete resolution.
Results In the study period we treated 20 consecutive patients with infected WOPN using the new LAMS. Technical success was achieved in 95 % of patients. Clinical success was achieved in 73 % and 84.2 % of patients at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Survival rate was 84.2 % and 79 %. Mean length of hospital stay was 19 days (range 3 – 43). No AEs occurred. Patients were followed up after stent retrieval for a mean time of 554,7 days (range 70 – 986) and no recurrence was observed.
Conclusions DEN following “1-step, exchange-free” LAMS positioning recorded excellent results. We believe that simplicity of procedure plays a key role in terms of safety.
Uncivility on the web
Authors: Krzyżanowski Michał , Ledin Per 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This paper explores the connection between the rise of new types of online uncivil discourses and the recent success of populism. While discussions on the upsurge of populism have centred on institutionalised politics and politicians, only limited attention has been paid to how the success of the former and the latter was propelled by developments outside of the political realm narrowly conceived. Our interest is therefore in the rise of uncivil society, especially on the web, and in its ‘borderline discourse’ at the verge of civil and uncivil ideas, ideologies and norms. Those discourses – showcased here on the example of the language on immigration/refugees in Austria and Sweden – have been using civil-to-uncivil shifts in the discursive representations of society and politics. They have progressively ‘normalised’ the anti-pluralist views across many European public spheres on a par with nativist and exclusionary views now widely propagated by right-wing populist politics in Europe and beyond.
Social media and the cordon sanitaire
Authors: Littler Mark , Feldman Matthew 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Much research has sought to map the spread of extreme and populist political ideologies across Western Europe. Despite this, it often fails to explain how these ideologies move from the political fringes to positions of influence, subverting the traditional cordon sanitaire around extreme views. As a result of recent successes by populist actors, a more nuanced understanding of this process is required.
This paper posits an explanation for this success, suggesting that the growing pluralisation of the online media environment and the impact of social media content sharing are key to understanding how fringe political actors avoid both overt and implicit barriers to popularising extreme positions. Using data from the British Election Study, this paper offers a quantitative test of this approach, finding an inconsistent relationship between social media use and extreme political opinions. Potential explanations for this are discussed alongside possible directions for future research.
An Ecosystem-Based Approach to Evaluating Impacts and Management of Invasive Lionfish
Authors: Chagaris David , Binion-Rock Samantha , Bogdanoff Alex , Dahl Kristen , Granneman Jennifer , Harris Holden , Mohan John , Rudd Merrill B. , Swenarton Mary Kate , Ahrens Rob , Patterson William F. , Morris James A. , Allen Micheal 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Species invasions in marine ecosystems pose a threat to native fish communities and can disrupt the food webs that support valuable commercial and recreational fisheries. In the Gulf of Mexico, densities of invasive Indo-Pacific Lionfish, Pterois volitans and P. miles, are among the highest in their invaded range. In a workshop setting held over a 2-week period, we adapted an existing trophic dynamic model of the West Florida Shelf, located in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, to simulate the lionfish (both species) invasion and community effects over a range of harvest scenarios for both lionfish and native predators. Our results suggest small increases in lionfish harvest can reduce peak biomass by up to 25% and also that reduced harvest of native reef fish predators can lead to lower lionfish densities. This model can help managers identify target harvest and benefits of a lionfish fishery and inform the assessment and management of valuable reef fish fisheries.