bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of amphiphilic Janus particles and their application in stabilising foams
Authors: Wang Keliang , Wang Gang , Lu Chunjing , Wang Ying 
Published: December 2017

This work presents the preparation of foaming Janus particles (JPs) decorated with fluorinated chains by the Pickering emulsion method and investigates their self‐assembly behaviour at the air–water interface and foam stability under a limited range of concentrations. When the particle concentration reached 0.6 wt%, the adsorption of the JPs at the interface was saturated and the equilibrium surface tension dropped to around 38 mN/m even after an increase in the particle concentration. When the particle concentration reached 0.4 wt%, the Gibbs stability criterion was fulfilled. During the observation period, the foam volume was maintained relatively constant and the bubble size exhibited no significant changes. Additionally, the liquid fraction of the foam exhibited static equilibrium at different observed concentrations, which demonstrated effective drainage arrest. Overall, the present work validated the efficiency of the fluorinated JPs in stabilising the foams.
Facile formation of colloidal silver nanoparticles using electrolysis technique and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Lai Chin Wei 
Published: December 2017

In this research work, colloidal silver nanoparticles were successfully produced via an electrolysis method and their antibacterial activity was evaluated. This study aims to determine the optimum concentration of colloidal silver nanoparticles to produce an effective inhibition zone for Escherichia coli bacteria growth. Based on the results obtained, the applied current and reaction times during the electrolysis played a crucial role in determining the colloidal silver nanoparticles’ concentration (ppm). It was found that a minimum content of colloidal silver nanoparticles (0.02 ppm) was required to perform the 0.1 mm inhibition zone diameter on agar medium spread with E. coli bacteria. Interestingly, high concentrations of colloidal silver nanoparticles could exhibit high conductivity (µS/cm) as well as the high intensity of the maximum plasmon peak from the UV/vis absorption spectra at about 390 nm. In conclusion, this research work revealed the destruction of the cytoplasmic membrane and the rupture of the internal organisation of E. ‐coli bacteria, leading to the leakage of the cytoplasmic contents and cell death after having contact with sufficient concentration of colloidal silver nanoparticles.
Stability criteria for wide binary stars harboring Oort Clouds
Authors: Calandra M. F. , Correa-Otto J. A. , Gil-Hutton R. A. 
Published: December 2017

Context. In recent years, several numerical studies have been done in the field of the stability limit. Although, many of them included the analysis of asteroids or planets, is not possible to find in the literature any work on how the presence of a binary star could affect other possible configurations in a three-body problem. In order to develop this subject we consider other structures like Oort Clouds in wide binary systems. Regarding the existence of Oort Clouds in extrasolar systems there are recent works that do not reject its possible existence.Aim. The aim of this work is to obtain the stability limit for Oort Cloud objects considering different masses of the secondary star and zero and non-zero inclinations of the particles. We improve our numerical treatment getting a mathematical fit that allows us to find the limit and compare our results with other previous works in the field.Methods. We use a symplectic integrator to integrate binary systems where the primary star is m1 = 1 M⊙ and the secondary, m2, takes 0.25 M⊙ and 0.66 M⊙ in two sets of simulations S1 and S2. The orbital parameters of the secondary star were varied in order to study different scenarios. We also used two different integration times (one shorter than the other) and included the presence of 1000 to 10 000 massless particles in circular orbits to form the Oort Cloud. The particles were disposed in four different inclination planes to investigate how the presence of the binary companion could affect the stability limit.Results. Using the Maximum Eccentricity Method, emax, together with the critical semimajor axis acrit we found that the emax criteria could reduce the integration times to find the limit. For those cases where the particles were in inclined orbits we found that there are particle groups that survive the integration time with a high eccentricity. These particle groups are found for our two sets of simulations, meaning that they are independent of the secondary mass. We also find for the co-planar case that the numerical value of the stability limit for retrograde orbits is higher than those found for prograde orbits. These results are in agreement with several published studies. Finally, the results obtained in this work allow us to build a numerical expression depending of the mass ratio, e2 and ip to find acrit, which can be compared with other recent works in the field.
Buprenorphine for Medication-Assisted Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy: Relationship to Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Chavan Niraj , Ashford Kristin , Wiggins Amanda , Lofwall Michelle , Critchfield Agatha 
Published: December 2017

Objective To examine the relationship between antepartum buprenorphine dose for medication-assisted treatment (MAT) of opioid use disorder (OUD) and incident neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS).
Study Design We performed a prospective cohort study of pregnant women with a singleton gestation diagnosed with OUD and receiving buprenorphine for MAT at a tertiary care academic institution from July 2015 to January 2017. We divided the study cohort into two groups—pregnancies with versus without NOWS. Substance abuse patterns in pregnancy, maternal, and neonatal clinical outcomes were compared.
Results The incidence of NOWS was 31.11% (n = 28/90) in our study cohort. Pregnancies with NOWS had a significantly higher rate of benzodiazepine positive urine tests and number of positive urine drug screen (UDS) results for illicit opioids. The group without NOWS had significantly higher number of patients with an appropriate UDS result at delivery through postpartum. Rates of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, length of NICU stay, and maximum Finnegan score were significantly higher in the group with NOWS. Neither the initial (10.6 ± 5.2 versus 10.3 ± 4.8 mg, p = 0.80) nor the final buprenorphine doses (13.3 ± 5.1 versus 13.0 ± 4.6 mg, p = 0.81) were significantly different between study groups.
Conclusion The occurrence of NOWS was not related to buprenorphine dose used for MAT.
Factors Affecting Longer Surgical Times in Total Knee Arthroplasty for Obese Patients—A Comparative Study between High- and Nonhigh-Volume Surgeons
Authors: Harato Kengo , Kobayashi Shu , Nagashima Masaki , Hasegawa Takayuki , Tanikawa Hidenori , Maeno Shinichi , Nomoto So 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObesity has a negative influence on surgical times in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Our purpose in this multicenter study was to compare surgical times between high- (HV) and nonhigh-volume (NHV) surgeons and clarify the important factors affecting longer surgical times in primary TKA for obese patients. A total of 798 knees, average age 75.1 years, were enrolled. All TKAs were done using the same measured resection technique by 25 surgeons at 12 facilities and were divided into three groups based on body mass index (kg/m2) of the patients (Group A: <24.9, Group B: 25–29.9, Group C: ≥30). Operative techniques including four surgical steps (surgical exposure, bone cutting, trial and fixation of the permanent component, and wound closure) were evaluated both in HV and NHV surgeons. In classifying surgeon volume, HV surgeons had performed >100 TKAs annually for many years, and other surgeons who had performed <100 TKAs annually were defined as NHV surgeons. Patient demographics, surgical details, and surgical times in each phase were compared using nonrepeated measures of analysis of variance and a post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test. A total of 331, 327, 140 TKAs were allocated to Groups A, B, C, respectively. Regarding patient demographics, patients in Group C were younger and had the worst ranges of motion. The longest surgical time was observed in Group C of NHV surgeons (p < 0.05). Concerning each surgical phase, surgeons took much more time in surgical exposure and fixation of the permanent component for obese patients in NHV surgeons (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that younger age and lower range of motion were observed in obese patients, which led to longer surgical times. In addition, NHV surgeons took much time in surgical exposure and fixation of the permanent component for obese patients, while surgical time was similar among groups for HV surgeons.
Predictive relevance of lymphovascular invasion in T1 colorectal cancer before endoscopic treatment
Authors: Inoki Kazuya , Sakamoto Taku , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Sekiguchi Masau , Yamada Masayoshi , Nakajima Takeshi , Matsuda Takahisa , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Sekine Shigeki , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Ohe Yuichiro , Saito Yutaka 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background and aim The depth of tumor invasion is currently the only reliable predictive risk factor for lymph node metastasis before endoscopic treatment for colorectal cancer. However, the most important factor to predict lymph node metastasis has been suggested to be lymphovascular invasion rather than the depth of invasion. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the predictive relevance of lymphovascular invasion before endoscopic treatment.
Methods The data on pT1 colorectal cancers that were resected endoscopically or surgically from 2007 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The cases were categorized into two groups: positive or negative for lymphovascular invasion. The following factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses: age and sex of the patients; location, size, and morphology of the lesion; and depth of invasion.
Results The positive and negative groups included 229 and 457 cases, respectively. Younger age (P < 0.01), smaller lesion size (P = 0.01), non-LST (LST: laterally spreading tumor) (P < 0.01), presence of depression (P < 0.01), and pT1b (P < 0.01) were associated with lymphovascular invasion. In multivariate analysis, younger age (comparing patients aged ≤ 64 years with those aged > 65 years, OR, 1.81; 95 %CI, 1.29 – 2.53), presence of depression (OR, 1.97; CI, 1.40 – 2.77), non-LST features (OR, 1.50; CI, 1.04 – 2.15), and pT1b (OR, 3.08; CI, 1.91 – 4.97) were associated with lymphovascular invasion.
Conclusion Younger age, presence of depression, T1b, and non-LST are associated with lymphovascular invasion. Therefore, careful pathological diagnosis and surveillance are necessary for lesions demonstrating any of these four factors.
Haben multimodale und perioperative Therapiestrategien das Überleben nach onkologischer Ösophaguschirurgie in den letzten 2 Dekaden verändert? Eine retrospektive Kohortenanalyse über 23 Jahre
Authors: Lingohr Philipp , Zender Julia , van Beekum Cornelius , Dohmen Jonas , Matthaei Hanno , Schaefer Nico , Kalff Jörg , Vilz Tim 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Malignome des Ösophagus zählen zu den häufigsten krebsbedingten Todesursachen. Den einzigen kurativen Therapieansatz stellt die radikale Ösophagektomie, eingebettet in ein multimodales Therapiekonzept, dar. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Analyse von Langzeitentwicklungen in der operativen Therapie des Ösophaguskarzinoms und deren Einflüsse auf das kurz- (1-JÜR), mittel- (5-JÜR) und langfristige (10-JÜR) Überleben.
Patienten und Methoden Es wurden retrospektiv 301 Patienten am Universitätsklinikum Bonn untersucht, bei denen zwischen 1989 und 2012 eine Ösophagusresektion durchgeführt wurde. Um mögliche Trends im Management und Veränderungen hinsichtlich der Prognose zu analysieren, wurden 2 Kohorten (Kohorte A: operiert 1989 – 2000, Kohorte B: operiert 2001 – 2012) gebildet und bez. demografischer Daten, Tumorentität, Stadium, Komplikationsrate und Überleben miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse In der Kohorte B wurden signifikant ältere Patienten in niedrigeren Tumorstadien mit einer größeren Lymphknotenausbeute operiert, eine Zunahme des Adenokarzinoms (AC) war zu beobachten. Während sich die Gesamtmorbidität nicht signifikant veränderte, konnte eine geringere Rate an Anastomoseninsuffizienzen in Kohorte B (5,5%) verglichen mit Kohorte A (12,3%) bei gleichzeitigem Anstieg der kardialen Ereignisse (A: 3,6% vs. B: 12,3%) nachgewiesen werden. Die 30-Tage-Krankenhausmortalität lag bei insgesamt 2,7% und fiel von 5% (Kohorte A) signifikant (p = 0,05) auf 0,7% (Kohorte B). Das mittlere Überleben betrug in der Kohorte A 46 ± 6,5 Monate. In Kohorte B überlebten Patienten mit 53 ± 7,2 Monaten signifikant länger (p = 0,03). In der univariaten Analyse hatten das lokale Tumorstadium, der Resektionsgrad, die Anzahl der befallenen Lymphknoten (LK), der Lymphknotenquotient (LNR) sowie das Auftreten postoperativer Komplikationen einen Einfluss auf das Überleben, wohingegen in der multivariaten Analyse nur noch T-Stadium, R-Status und LNR als unabhängige Prognosefaktoren galten.
Schlussfolgerung Patienten, die sich einer onkologischen Ösophagusresektion unterziehen, sind heutzutage älter als noch vor einigen Jahren. Die frühzeitigere Tumordiagnose, eine radikalere Operationstechnik mit radikalerer Lymphknotendissektion und weniger Anastomoseninsuffizienzen sowie eine verbesserte perioperative Medizin scheinen diesen demografischen Nachteil zu kompensieren. Die größte prognostische Bedeutung beim Ösophaguskarzinom hat die LNR.
„Das liegt an jedem selbst“ - Eine qualitative Studie zu Versorgungsungleichheiten aus Patientensicht
Authors: Schröder Sara Lena , Martin Olaf , Mlinarić Martin , Richter Matthias 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Arbeit Ziel der qualitativen Studie ist es, erstmalig die subjektive Wahrnehmung aus Patientensicht von Ungleichheit in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung zu explorieren.
Methodik Analysiert wurden teilstandardisierte Interviews mit 44 Patienten zwischen 59 und 80 Jahren, die 2014 und 2015 im Universitätsklinikum Halle/Saale geführt wurden. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte induktiv mithilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse.
Ergebnisse Ein Großteil (82%) der Patienten nahm Versorgungsungleichheiten wahr. Dimensionen von Versorgungsungleichheit waren aus Sicht der Patienten regionale Unterschiede, der Krankenversicherungsstatus, die Qualität des Arztes und die Patienten selbst (Einkommen, Alter). Das Engagement der Patienten bei der Inanspruchnahme war die am häufigsten genannte Dimension von Versorgungsungleichheit, die jedoch von den Patienten nicht als Benachteiligung bewertet wurde. Ungleichheiten wirkten sich aus Sicht der Patienten v. a. im ambulanten Sektor (z. B. Wartezeiten, Zeitmangel) aus. Als Hauptgrund für die Entstehung von Versorgungsungleichheiten wurde die Ökonomisierung im Gesundheitssystem gesehen. Es zeigten sich keine relevanten Unterschiede in der Sichtweise zwischen Patienten mit hohem und niedrigem Sozialstatus.
Schlussfolgerung Der Kompetenz, sich in der Gesundheitsversorgung orientieren und engagieren zu können sowie den Zugangsbarrieren zum ambulanten Sektor wird aus Sicht der Patienten der größte Stellenwert beim Abbau von Ungleichheiten in der Versorgung zugeschrieben.
Achieving equity in Crunch&Sip®: a pilot intervention of supplementary free fruit and vegetables in NSW classrooms
Authors: Hector Debra , Edwards Shelley , Gale Joanne , Ryan Helen 
Published: December 2017

Issue addressedAnecdotal evidence from teachers in Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD) indicated that many primary school children are regularly unable to participate in the Crunch&Sip® (C&S) program (breaks during class time to eat fruit and/or vegetables and drink water) as they do not bring produce from home. Actual reach of the program may therefore be currently overestimated, and inequitable. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of providing school children supplementary, fresh free produce in supporting equitable participation in C&S.MethodsFree fruit and vegetables were provided for 10 weeks to four schools in a socioeconomically‐disadvantaged area in Western Sydney. WSLHD sourced the produce at a discounted rate and storage and distribution was arranged in partnership with industry. Schools determined methods of allocation to children who did not have fruit or vegetables for the C&S break. Pre‐ and late‐intervention (Week 9) classroom surveys provided quantitative data of intervention efficacy. Qualitative methods were used with key school persons to explore barriers and enablers to implementation.ResultsParticipation of children in C&S increased significantly from 46.7% pre‐intervention to 92.0% in Week 9. The proportion of children bringing fruit or vegetables from home also increased significantly, from 46.7% to 54.0%. Schools perceived the supplementary strategy to be highly feasible and acceptable.ConclusionExpansion of this equity strategy warrants consideration, although issues of sustainability would need to be addressed. The criteria for ‘full implementation’ should include high proportional participation by students in participating classes.So what?Establishing a system by which schools in disadvantaged areas can supplement their C&S program would effectively increase access to fruit and vegetables among those children most at need.
Culture, Relationship Norms, and Dual Entitlement
Authors: Chen Haipeng (Allan) , Bolton Lisa E , Ng Sharon , Lee Dongwon , Wang Dian 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
According to the dual entitlement principle, consumers find it fair for firms to price asymmetrically to cost changes—that is, for firms to increase prices when costs increase but maintain prices when costs decrease. However, a meta-analysis reveals asymmetric pricing is less prevalent in collectivistic (vs. individualistic) countries (study 1). We propose a fairness-based explanation, demonstrating that interdependent consumers in collectivistic cultures perceive asymmetric pricing to be less fair than do independent consumers in individualistic cultures (studies 2, 4, and 5). We attribute this cultural variation to culture-specific relationship norms. Specifically, we argue that while the practice of asymmetric pricing is consistent with the exchange norms among independent consumers that emphasize self-interest pursuit, it is inconsistent with the communal norms among interdependent consumers mandating firm benevolence. Supporting this argument, we find that (a) directly manipulating communal (vs. exchange) norms yields similar differences in fairness perceptions that mimic those due to culture (study 3), (b) the cultural differences are mediated by the communal mandate for firm benevolence (study 4), and (c) the cultural differences are mitigated when a firm frames asymmetric pricing as benevolent (study 5). We conclude by discussing the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.
The Human Brain and its Epigenomes
Authors: Chess Andrew , Akbarian Schahram 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Conventional psychopharmacology elicits an insufficient therapeutic response in more than one half of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, or related disorders. This underscores the need to further explore the neurobiology and molecular pathology of mental disorders in order to develop novel treatment strategies of higher efficacy. One promising avenue of research is epigenetics.
Deeper understanding of genome organization and function in normal and diseased human brain will require comprehensive charting of neuronal and glial epigenomes. This includes DNA cytosine and adenine methylation, hundred(s) of residue-specific post-translational histone modifications and histone variants, transcription factor occupancies, and chromosomal conformations and loopings. Epigenome mappings provide an important avenue to assign function to many risk-associated DNA variants and mutations that do not affect protein-coding sequences. Powerful novel single cell technologies offer the opportunity to understand genome function in context of the vastly complex cellular heterogeneity and neuroanatomical diversity of the human brain.
Optogenetics and Related Technologies for Psychiatric Disease Research
Authors: Fenno Lief E. , Deisseroth Karl 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Studying intact systems with simultaneous local precision and global scope is a fundamental challenge in biology. This familiar trade-off leads to important conceptual and experimental difficulties in psychiatric disease research and throughout the study of complex biological systems. Part of a solution may arise from optogenetics: the combination of genetic and optical methods to achieve gain- or loss-of-function of temporally defined events in specific cells embedded within intact living tissue or organisms. Such precise causal control within the functioning intact system can be achieved via introduction of genes that confer to cells both light-detection capability and specific effector function. A broad array of optogenetic tools and neuroscience applications have driven the wide adoption of optogenetics as a standard approach in neuroscience.
PET Brain Imaging Methodologies
Authors: Hillmer Ansel T. , Cosgrove Kelly P. , Carson Richard E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
While quantitative and pharmacologically specific aspects distinguish molecular imaging, they also impose the need for considerable expertise to design, conduct, and analyze molecular imaging studies. Positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging provides a powerful noninvasive tool for quantitative and pharmacologically specific clinical research. This chapter describes basic methodological considerations for PET brain imaging studies. First the physiological interpretation of the most common outcome measures of binding potential (BPND) and volume of distribution (VT) are described. Next, aspects of acquisition of PET imaging data and blood measurements for analysis are discussed, followed by a summary of standard data analysis techniques. Finally, various applications for the study of mental illness, including group differences, measurements of drug occupancy, and assay of acute neurotransmitter release are discussed.
Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms for Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Gamo Nao J. , Sakurai Takeshi , Jaaro-Peled Hanna , Sawa Akira 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The current understanding of the mechanisms underlying psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, is far from satisfactory and has hampered the establishment of effective treatments, as well as accurate diagnosis and prognosis in patients. A prevailing hypothesis that attempts to understand these mechanisms is the “neurodevelopmental hypothesis.” In this chapter, we address experimental strategies to characterize the biological mechanisms underlying psychotic disorders, including a complementary combination of human cell and animal models that pays attention to the developmental trajectory, in particular key neural circuitries that may underlie behavioral changes relevant to psychotic disorders. In addition, we discuss a “dimensional” approach to understanding psychiatric disorders to more easily translate findings between animal models and human applications.