bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The power of reciprocal knowledge sharing relationships for startup success
Authors: Allen Thomas J , Gloor Peter , Fronzetti Colladon Andrea , Woerner Stephanie L , Raz Ornit 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the innovative capabilities of biotech start-ups in relation to geographic proximity and knowledge sharing interaction in the R & D network of a major high-tech cluster.Design/methodology/approach– This study compares longitudinal informal communication networks of researchers at biotech start-ups with company patent applications in subsequent years. For a year, senior R & D staff members from over 70 biotech firms located in the Boston biotech cluster were polled and communication information about interaction with peers, universities and big pharmaceutical companies was collected, as well as their geolocation tags.Findings– Location influences the amount of communication between firms, but not their innovation success. Rather, what matters is communication intensity and recollection by others. In particular, there is evidence that rotating leadership – changing between a more active and passive communication style – is a predictor of innovative performance.Practical implications– Expensive real-estate investments can be replaced by maintaining social ties. A more dynamic communication style and more diverse social ties are beneficial to innovation.Originality/value– Compared to earlier work that has shown a connection between location, network and firm performance, this paper offers a more differentiated view; including a novel measure of communication style, using a unique data set and providing new insights for firms who want to shape their communication patterns to improve innovation, independently of their location.
Investigating the impact of entrepreneurship on economic development: a regional analysis
Authors: Kasseeah Harshana 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– This paper uses data on 125 countries to study whether entrepreneurship affects the level of economic development by taking a regional perspective. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether entrepreneurship leads to economic development by accounting for several other factors including the level of financial development, the business environment and governance and the quality of institutions.Design/methodology/approach– To investigate the impact of entrepreneurship on economic development, the paper uses data available from the World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey database. The data are augmented with variables from the World Development Indicators and various Doing Business Reports. These variables are used to capture for other factors that affect the level of economic development.Findings– The results indicate that economic development of the countries in the sample is affected by entrepreneurship even after controlling for regional variation. These results indicate that policy makers around the world need to put in place specific policies to promote the entrepreneurship culture among their population.Research limitations/implications– This paper uses a purely cross-sectional dimension to investigate the factors that impact on economic development with particular focus on entrepreneurship. This study uses cross-section data on various countries from different regions. However, panel data would allow the examination of causality issues and this could be a potential area of further research.Practical implications– Entrepreneurship is increasingly seen as a development-promoting tool and it is recognized that countries, which facilitate entrepreneurship, tend to have higher economic development. The main finding of this paper is that irrespective of the level of development of any country or the region that it is located in, countries would gain from encouraging entrepreneurship.Originality/value– The paper uses two broad proxies for entrepreneurship captured by the business density in each country and the number of newly formed limited firms. Interestingly, the paper also captures for regional variation to investigate if the relationship between economic development and entrepreneurship changes when different regions are being considered. The use of a merged data set is therefore a main contribution of this paper to the literature.
Exploring the impact of open innovation on firm performances
Authors: Caputo Mauro , Lamberti Emilia , Cammarano Antonello , Michelino Francesca 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between the openness of firms and their innovation and financial performances.

Design/methodology/approach
– In order to investigate such relationships, data on inbound and outbound open innovation (OI) processes and performances of 110 worldwide top research and development (R
&
D) spending bio-pharmaceutical companies are collected via the consolidated annual reports and the PATSTAT database. The time period of the analysis is 2008-2012.

Findings
– Regarding innovation performances, R
&
D productivity and revenues to patents ratio decrease with openness, whilst patents growth is not influenced by OI adoption. As to financial performances, sales growth exhibits a positive trend with openness, while operating profit and turnover decrease with OI adoption. Particularly, an inverted U-relationship with inbound and a U-shape one with outbound are observed as of operating profit.

Research limitations/implications
– The study adds to the knowledge about the effect of openness on firms’ performances, a topic of increasing interest to academics, managers and policy makers. Both inbound and outbound facets of the phenomenon are taken into account.

Practical implications
– Understanding how openness affects performances enables more informed decision making by managers, leading to a more effective use of OI activities.

Originality/value
– The work provides new insights as to what “being open” means for a company, gauging both inbound and outbound transactions after a pecuniary perspective. Employing objective and continuous measures, the relevance of OI for the whole business of firms can be identified.
Determinants of discretionary fair value measurements: the case of Level 3 assets in the banking sector
Authors: Yao Daifei , Percy Majella , Stewart Jenny , Hu Fang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe objective of our research was to respond to the call of Barth and Taylor () for more research to examine the role of discretion in fair value estimates. Specifically, we investigate factors that explain banks’ accounting choices to use Level 3 valuation inputs from the fair value measurement hierarchy. Using hand‐collected data from a sample of international banks during 2009–2013, we find that incentives to use discretionary Level 3 valuation inputs, which can provide an opportunity to manage earnings, are associated with both firm‐level and country‐level determinants. Additional tests provide evidence that Level 3 ‘transfer‐in’ behaviour is related to changes in bank characteristics.
Constraining basin thermal history and petroleum generation using palaeoclimate data in the Piceance Basin, Colorado
Authors: Tong Yao , Ibarra Daniel E. , Caves Jeremy K. , Mukerji Tapan , Graham Stephan A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCareful assessment of basin thermal history is critical to modelling petroleum generation in sedimentary basins. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to constraining basin thermal history using palaeoclimate temperature reconstructions and study its impact on estimating source rock maturation and hydrocarbon generation in a terrestrial sedimentary basin. We compile mean annual temperature (MAT) estimates from macroflora assemblage data to capture past surface temperature variation for the Piceance Basin, a high‐elevation, intermontane, sedimentary basin in Colorado, USA. We use macroflora assemblage data to constrain the temporal evolution of the upper thermal boundary condition and to capture the temperature change with basin uplift. We compare these results with the case where the upper thermal boundary condition is based solely upon a simplified latitudinal temperature estimate with no elevation effect. For illustrative purposes, 2 one‐dimensional (1‐D) basin models are constructed using these two different upper thermal boundary condition scenarios and additional geological and geochemical input data in order to investigate the impact of the upper thermal boundary condition on petroleum source rock maturation and kerogen transformation processes. The basin model predictions indicate that the source rock maturation is very sensitive to the upper thermal boundary condition for terrestrial basins with variable elevation histories. The models show substantial differences in source rock maturation histories and kerogen transformation ratio over geologic time. Vitrinite reflectance decreases by 0.21%Ro, source rock transformation ratio decreases 10.5% and hydrocarbon mass generation decreases by 16% using the macroflora assemblage data. In addition, we find that by using the macroflora assemblage data, the modelled depth profiles of vitrinite reflectance better matches present‐day measurements. These differences demonstrate the importance of constraining thermal boundary conditions, which can be addressed by palaeotemperature reconstructions from palaeoclimate and palaeo‐elevation data for many terrestrial basins. Although the palaeotemperature reconstruction compiled for this study is region specific, the approach presented here is generally applicable for other terrestrial basin settings, particularly basins which have undergone substantial subaerial elevation change over time.
A scoping review examining physical activity measurement and levels in the first 2 years of life
Authors: Prioreschi A. , Micklesfield L. K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe first few years of life have been identified as a critical stage in the development of activity behaviours, which have been shown to track into later life. This scoping review aims to assess the literature reporting on physical activity levels in the first 2 years of life in order to answer two main questions: (i) how is physical activity measured in this age group? and (ii) how active are infants and toddlers in the first 2 years of life?MethodsA search strategy was employed using PubMed with restrictions only on age and language. After applying exclusion criteria, 20 papers were included in the results.ResultsSeventeen studies used some form of objective assessment of physical activity (accelerometers, actometers, direct observation, doubly labelled water or a metabolic chamber); while the remaining three relied on subjective assessments (parent reported questionnaires or interviews, and activity diaries). Nine studies exclusively assessed infants (<12 months), and five exclusively assessed toddlers (>12 months). Only six studies reported physical activity levels and patterns specifically; most included studies measured activity as a covariate or correlate. Therefore, much of the reported data was difficult to assess, as results were vague or incompletely described. Where data were reported sufficiently for analysis, results were equally conflicted regarding whether toddlers were meeting recommended physical activity guidelines.ConclusionsThis scoping review re‐iterates the fact that more studies need to be conducted, which focus primarily on measuring and reporting physical activity levels and patterns in this age group in a comprehensive and standardized way, so that more informed guidelines can be devised and interventions can be designed and implemented where necessary.
Serum and xeno‐free, chemically defined, no‐plate‐coating‐based culture system for mesenchymal stromal cells from the umbilical cord
Authors: Wu Xiaoyun , Kang Huiyan , Liu Xuemin , Gao Jin , Zhao Kuijun , Ma Zhijie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesUmbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UCMSCs) can be considered to become a new gold standard for MSC‐based therapies. A serum and xeno‐free, chemically defined and no‐plate‐coating‐based culture system will greatly facilitate development of robust, clinically acceptable bioprocesses for reproducibly generating quality‐assured UCMSCs.Materials and methodsIn this study, we report for the first time, such a serum‐free, xeno‐free, completely chemically defined and no‐plate‐coating‐based culture system for the isolation and expansion of UCMSCs, whose biological characteristics were evaluated and compared with serum‐containing medium (SCM) methods.ResultsThis culture system not only supported UCMSC primary cultures but also allowed for their expansion at low seeding density. Compared to SCM, UCMSCs in SFM exhibited (i) higher proliferative and colony‐forming capacities; (ii) distinctly different morphologies; (iii) similar phenotype; (iv) similar pluripotency‐associated marker expression; (v) superior osteogenic, but reduced adipogenic differentiation capacitities. In addition, UCMSCs cultured in SFM retained similar immunomodulatory properties to those in SCM.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the feasibility of isolating and expanding UCMSCs in a completely serum‐free, xeno‐free, chemically defined and no‐plate‐coating‐based culture system and represent an important step forward for development of robust, clinically acceptable bioprocesses for UCMSCs. Further, this provides a superior study platform for UCMSCs biology in a controlled environment.
The cooperativity effect in the reaction of soluble quinoprotein (PQQ‐containing) glucose dehydrogenase is not due to subunit interaction but to substrate‐assisted catalysis
Authors: Duine Johannis A. , Strampraad Marc J. F. , Hagen Wilfred R. , de Vries Simon 
Published: August 2016

Soluble quinoprotein (PQQ‐containing) glucose dehydrogenase (sGDH, EC 1.1.99.35) catalyzes the oxidation of β‐d‐glucose to d‐glucono‐δ‐lactone. Although sGDH has many analytical applications, the relationship between activity and substrate concentration is not well established. Previous steady‐state kinetic studies revealed a negative cooperativity effect which has recently been ascribed to subunit interaction. To investigate this conclusion, stopped‐flow kinetic experiments were carried out on the reaction in which oxidized enzyme (Eox) was reduced with substrates to Ered. The appearance of Ered is observed to be preceded by formation of an intermediate enzyme form, Int, which is mono‐exponentially formed from Eox. However, the rate of conversion of Int into Ered depends hyperbolically on the concentration of substrate (leading to a 35‐fold stimulation in the case of glucose). Evidence is provided that substrate not only binds to Eox but also to Int and Ered as well, and that the binding to Int causes the significant stimulation of Int decay. It is proposed that a proton shuffling step is involved in the decay, which is facilitated by binding of substrate to Int. Substituting the PQQ‐activating Ca by a Ba ion lowered all reaction rates but did not change the stimulation factor. In summary, the previous proposal that the cooperativity effect of sGDH is due to interaction between its substrate‐loaded subunits is incorrect; it is due to substrate‐assisted catalysis of the enzyme.EnzymesEC 1.1.99.35 – soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase.
Newly created ponds complement natural waterbodies for restoration of macroinvertebrate assemblages
Authors: Coccia Cristina , Vanschoenwinkel Bram , Brendonck Luc , Boyero Luz , Green Andy J. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Ecological restoration is becoming increasingly widespread to compensate for wetland loss worldwide. However, most post‐restoration studies fail to establish whether the restored wetlands replace or complement natural wetlands for communities of aquatic organisms such as macroinvertebrates.

During two consecutive hydroperiods (ca 6 months each), we studied the macroinvertebrate communities in 32 new temporary ponds created during a restoration 6–7 years previously in Doñana, SW Spain, and compared them with ten natural temporary sites nearby. We compared results for two dominant groups of active dispersers (Coleoptera and Hemiptera) and for the whole aquatic macroinvertebrate community (a mix of active and passive dispersers) to shed light on the role of dispersal constraints during ecosystem recovery. We also compared the ranks of new ponds and reference sites in nested matrices to assess whether communities in new ponds are impoverished subsets of communities in reference sites.

Because of their young age, newly created ponds were predicted to have less stable communities over the two study years than reference sites, and to have lower species diversity for the whole community but not for active dispersers. On the other hand, communities in new ponds were predicted to approach the taxonomic composition of reference sites as time went on.

New ponds differed in environmental conditions (particularly less emergent vegetation cover and lower chlorophyll concentration) from reference sites, but their invertebrate richness and diversity matched those in reference sites and invertebrate abundance was even higher. Richness and diversity increased in the second hydroperiod in new ponds, but not in reference sites. Significant differences in community composition occurred between new ponds and reference sites, but were largely explained by their environmental differences. As succession progressed within a hydroperiod, communities in new ponds were first dominated by large branchiopods, then by active dispersers such as Chironomidae and Coleoptera, then finally by halotolerant taxa such as the beetle Ochthebius viridis fallaciosus.

Communities in new ponds were not impoverished subsets of those in reference sites, and communities in new and reference ponds diverged towards the end of the hydroperiods. We conclude that new temporary ponds can provide diverse and complementary habitats important for maintaining macroinvertebrate diversity at the regional scale.
Global synthesis suggests that food web connectance correlates to invasion resistance
Authors: Smith‐Ramesh Lauren M. , Moore Alexandria C. , Schmitz Oswald J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBiological invasions are a key component of global change, and understanding the drivers of global invasion patterns will aid in assessing and mitigating the impact of invasive species. While invasive species are most often studied in the context of one or two trophic levels, in reality species invade communities comprised of complex food webs. The complexity and integrity of the native food web may be a more important determinant of invasion success than the strength of interactions between a small subset of species within a larger food web. Previous efforts to understand the relationship between food web properties and species invasions have been primarily theoretical and have yielded mixed results. Here, we present a synthesis of empirical information on food web connectance and species invasion success gathered from different sources (estimates of food web connectance from the primary literature and estimates of invasion success from the Global Invasive Species Database as well as the primary literature). Our results suggest that higher‐connectance food webs tend to host fewer invaders and exert stronger biotic resistance compared to low‐connectance webs. We argue that while these correlations cannot be used to infer a causal link between food web connectance and habitat invasibility, the promising findings beg for further empirical research that deliberately tests for relationships between food web connectance and invasion.
Anticipated consumption and its impact on capital accumulation and growth: “Forward‐looking” versus “backward‐looking” consumption reference
Authors: Monteiro Goncalo , Turnovsky Stephen J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper introduces the idea of anticipated pleasure into the Ramsey growth model, by assuming that in addition to current consumption, an agent's current utility depends upon a reference consumption level based on expected future consumption. Two alternative specifications of the anticipated future consumption levels are considered: an external index and an internal index. We analyze the macrodynamic equilibrium, comparing it to both the standard Ramsey model and the model of habit formation. We establish a number of theoretical propositions characterizing the impact of the anticipated consumption reference on the transitional dynamics and long‐run equilibrium, supplementing these with numerical simulations.
Predetermined exchange rate, monetary targeting, and inflation targeting regimes
Authors: Kitano Shigeto 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMany works analyzing the Mundell–Fleming dictum compare the predetermined exchange rate regime and the monetary targeting regime under flexible exchange rates. Reflecting on the fact that many emerging market countries have shifted to the inflation targeting regime, this paper aims to extend the literature to include the latter. The results of our analysis show that the interest rule with an inflation target is superior (or at least equal) to the two above‐mentioned regimes in absorbing both real and monetary shocks.
Economic empowerment or cash‐dependency for orphans and vulnerable children in Kenya: Evidence from an alternative to cash‐only models
Authors: Goodman Michael L. , Gitari Stanley , Keiser Philip H. , Raimer‐Goodman Lauren 
Published: August 2016

Orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) often have worse educational, developmental, nutritional, and behavioral outcomes than non‐OVC. Much of these disparities come from reduced household earnings due to the loss of parental income. The present study used conditional process analysis to evaluate income and savings among OVC households, using cross‐sectional data from 1,060 OVC in a 3‐year Kenyan empowerment program that combined elements of cash transfer, psychosocial support, and small business entrepreneurship. Higher monthly earnings were significantly associated with program participation in a graded fashion. Approximately one‐third of the association was mediated by material inputs, indicating that a substantial portion may be explained by other unobserved program elements. Eighty‐five percent of increased rates of saving money in the past year were mediated by improved monthly income, cash transferred and improved food consumption. Data analysis highlights the need for multisectoral approaches and the need for more research to understand how to improve household economic stability among OVC.Key Practitioner Message: • Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) are at risk of greater poverty, leading to multiple developmental and health challenges; • Current policy in Kenya to offset costs of caring for OVC utilizes monthly cash transfers to households providing care for OVC; • The present study found that increases in monthly income in an OVC multisectoral empowerment program were largely due to factors beyond the material inputs.