bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugar, Stress, and Metabolism
Authors: Price Candice A. , Epel Elissa S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract :Excess sugar alters homeostatic mechanisms regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as hunger and appetite. These pathways are also affected by the metabolic “stress” hormone cortisol. Thus, acute and chronic stress may interact with sugar consumption to further dysregulate metabolic homeostasis. This chapter reviews how added sugar intake, including sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)—the single largest and most well-studied source of added sugars—increases risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disease, while also increasing appetite and failing to suppress hunger. Chronic psychological stress alters neuro satiety and appetitive pathways in a similar way as sugar, promoting hedonic eating behaviors (the desire to consume highly palatable foods). The combination of stress and sugar is of high relevance to addiction. Rodent models show that psychological stress with sugar intake induces what looks like food addiction behavior. In humans, chronic stress is associated with dampened reward signaling, suggesting that when chronically stressed individuals consume sugar, hedonic feeding behavior is reinforced in order to restore the dopaminergic reward response. Together, these findings suggest that while excessive sugar alone can increase reward drive, chronic stress may synergize this relationship and lead to habitual overeating and consequently reduced sensitivity to sweet taste. Therefore, synergistic effects of chronic stress and high sugar intake contribute to the phenotype of compulsive sugar consumption. Although there remain significant gaps in understanding the synergistic effects of sugar and stress, disparities linked to psychological stress and sugar consumption appear to play significant roles in driving preventable social and race-based health disparities in the United States.
Comorbidity of Food Addiction and Behavioral Addictions
Authors: Lucas Ignacio , Testa Giulia , Fernández-Aranda, Fernando , Jiménez-Murcia Susana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Behavioral addictions (BA) are recurrent patterns of behaviors characterized by lack of self-control, compulsive engagement, and craving states that usually lead to negative consequences and frequently present comorbidity for more than one addiction. Gambling disorder (GD) is the only BA included in the in the main section of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), but there are other behaviors that can also be associated to a BA, such as video game addiction, internet addiction, sexual addiction, compulsive buying, or sports addiction. All these BAs share similar patterns of lack of control over a specific behavior, craving, emotional dysregulation, tolerance, salience, withdrawal, and repetitive engagement in the maladaptive behavior—characteristics also present in food addiction (FA). This chapter summarizes the current evidence about the shared presence of FA and different types of BA. As expected, most of the studies about FA and BA focused on the comorbid presence of FA and GD. Patients diagnosed with GD have a higher risk of presenting FA than the general population. GD and FA may share common transdiagnostic factors that may be favoring the presence of this comorbidity. Current evidence also highlights the common factors of FA with other types of BA, such as internet addiction or sports addiction. Overall, the existing literature provides a preliminary approach to the association between FA and different types of BA; however, further research will be necessary to precisely define the relationships among these conditions.
Dopamine Magnitude and Timing in Food Reward
Authors: Leslie Emma H. , Kelly Amber , DiFeliceantonio Alexandra G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Whether foods can have similar addictive potential as certain drugs is a topic of considerable debate. It is well established that all addictive drugs lead to increased dopamine in the striatum; however, so does ingestion of food. Often the magnitude of this dopamine release in the striatum is seen as evidence that foods cannot have the same addictive potential as certain drugs. Here, we explore how the magnitude of the dopamine response differs between commonly used drugs and foods, delivered orally and intragastrically. Further, we examine a second important characteristic in a substance’s addictive potential: the speed at which it affects the brain. We conclude that foods can evoke a similar magnitude of dopamine efflux as nicotine and alcohol, and processed foods in particular may have higher addictive potential, as their signals can reach the brain more rapidly.
Food Reinforcement Architecture
Authors: Burger Kyle S. , Papantoni Afroditi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Few reward-related theories of obesity incorporate aspects of decision-making processes and habit formation that drive eating behavior. Decision-making is governed by reinforcement-based learning processes that, when malfunctioning, create the foundation for unregulated, hedonically motivated behaviors, such as overeating. The proposed model, food reinforcement architecture, incorporates heterogeneities in reinforcement learning and decision-making modeling, basic and clinical research, neuroscience, and psychology to establish a framework for risk factors for impulsive and compulsive eating which may lead to food abuse and obesity. Identification of aberrant reinforcement learning processes and decision-making control systems may serve as markers of overeating and obesity risk, providing an opportunity for early intervention.
Negative Emotional Side of Food Addiction
Authors: Zorrilla Eric P. , Koob George F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The transition from casual drug use to addiction involves a shift from positive to negative reinforcement. This “negative emotional” shift also is implicated in food addiction. Palatable food initially elicits pleasurable, comforting effects that can mitigate stress responses. But, repeated, intermittent intake can downregulate brain reward pathways and recruit brain circuitry, yielding tolerance, negative emotional behavior when the food is not eaten, and palatable food-seeking despite aversive consequences. The results support an affective dysregulation model whereby intake becomes obligatory to prevent negative emotions, highly comorbid with addiction-like eating. Negative emotions also may trigger impulsive palatable food intake via negative urgency. Neurobiological changes associated with addiction-like eating involve several neurobiological changes implicated in substance use disorders, including corticotropin-releasing factor, hypocretin, dopamine, opioid, and endocannabinoid systems within mesolimbic dopamine, extended amygdala, and inhibitory frontal circuitry. Here, we synthesize conceptual and empirical contributions to illuminate the “negative emotional side” in food addiction.
Incubation of Sucrose Craving in Animal Models
Authors: Grimm Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Uncontrolled eating shares many attributes with behaviors typically associated with drug addiction. It is reasonable to assume that some aspects of uncontrolled food seeking and taking, as with uncontrolled drug seeking and taking, are due to maladaptive changes in the brain reward system. In our laboratory, we study relapse to sucrose seeking in a rat model of addiction. We have found that rats will respond progressively more for a sucrose-paired stimulus over several weeks of forced abstinence from sucrose self-administration. The effect, an “incubation of craving” is similar to what we and others have characterized in rats that had self-administered cocaine. Incubation of sucrose craving is robust and appears to be related to abstinence-dependent changes in brain dopamine, glutamate, and opiate systems. We hope that further characterization of the incubation of craving will yield novel behavioral and pharmacological treatment approaches for disorders of eating.
Glycemic Load and Food Addiction
Authors: Lennerz Belinda S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In analogy to the pharmacokinetics of addictive substances, foods with high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) elicit a rapid rise and fall in metabolites with direct and indirect signaling upon the mesolimbic reward system and have been implied in food addiction. After ingestion of high GI/GL meals, blood glucose and insulin concentrations rise and fall quickly, triggering shifts in other metabolic fuels and hormones. These shifts are exaggerated in individuals with metabolic vulnerability (i.e., high early insulin secretion) and have been linked with negative consequences including increased food intake and weight-loss failure. Both glucose and insulin signal upon the mesolimbic system that processes food reward and addiction. As such, high GI/GL meals may trigger an exaggerated postprandial response in these areas, akin to addictive substances. Indeed, animal studies imply that sucrose—a high GL sugar—plays a role in addiction formation. Moreover, most trigger foods of human food addiction have high GI/GL (for example candy, ice cream, fast food); and human neuroimaging studies have shown heightened mesolimbic activation in response to insulin, glucose, and high GI/GL test meals. As such, behavioral self-report and imaging studies point toward a role of high GI/GL foods—via metabolic shifts—in addiction formation. Research is needed to assess interactions of GI/GL with other nutrients (e.g., fat, protein), chemicals, and hedonic food properties that may serve as enhancing factors.
Savor the Flavor
Authors: Dus Monica 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Taste is a key determinant of dietary choices shaped by both genetic predispositions and environmental influences. Early exposure to flavors during gestation and infancy shapes flavor preferences that may skew preference for foods later in life. However, diet composition during adulthood also plays a role. Different dietary levels of dietary sugar and sodium recalibrate taste sensation, reducing or enhancing sweetness and saltiness. In turn, these chemosensory changes can influence food choice and intake by modifying the body's ability to use taste cues for satiety. This bidirectional relationship between diet and taste suggests that adjusting our dietary habits can retrain our taste buds, offering a potential strategy for improving nutrition and preventing metabolic disease.
Food Addiction and Obesity Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Paslakis Georgios , Halbeisen Georg , Agüera Zaida , Jiménez-Murcia Susana , Fernández-Aranda Fernando 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Food addiction (FA) is highly prevalent among individuals with obesity (OB). The presence of FA in individuals with OB has been associated with higher food intake, increased general psychopathology, and poorer quality of life. FA has also been associated to the outcomes of behavioral weight loss as well as bariatric surgery treatments, and has therefore been considered a potential target for psychotherapeutic interventions. This chapter summarizes the current evidence on the prognostic role of FA for OB-related treatment outcomes. We have identified a series of examples of adverse effects of pre-treatment FA on the outcomes of behavioral weight loss and bariatric surgery treatments, but overall findings remain heterogeneous. We note the scarcity of evidence and the fact that existing studies lack sample diversity, compare different numerical group sizes, and rarely control for treatment variance. Moreover, with notable exceptions, few studies have addressed different phenotypes among FA-positive individuals, highlighting untapped research potential. We conclude that the prognostic relevance of FA for the outcomes following OB-targeting interventions is subject to ongoing research and warrants further investigation.
Is Food Marketing Feeding Americans’ Sugar Habit?
Authors: Harris Jennifer L. , Jensen Melissa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Beverage marketing directly undermines public health efforts to reduce sugary drink consumption by young people. Companies spend billions in marketing that promises emotional, social, and physical benefits from consuming highly sweetened beverages. Sugary drink marketing directly targets children, from toddlers through adolescents, as well as parents with messages that imply health and nutrition benefits for young children. Further, disproportionate marketing of sugary drinks to Black and Hispanic youth exacerbates health disparities affecting communities of color. Moreover, highly marketed drinks often contain caffeine and non-nutritive sweeteners, in addition to added sugar, further fueling a potentially addictive process. Companies promise to address the negative impact of sugary drink marketing to children through industry self-regulation, but these initiatives have had minimal impact. Consumer advocacy and government policy actions are necessary to reduce sugary drink consumption by young people and effectively overcome America’s sugary drink habit.
Food Insecurity
Authors: Leung Cindy W. , Wolfson Julia A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Food insecurity, a socioeconomic condition of limited resources to purchase adequate food, is a serious and persistent public health concern in the United States. The physical, behavioral, and psychological consequences of food insecurity are numerous and well-documented. In this chapter, we describe links between food insecurity and food addiction, and posit that stress is the main mechanism through which food insecurity is causally related to food addiction via increased risk of disordered eating and poor nutritional quality. In addition, we argue that the historical, policy, and structural factors, including structural racism, that shape current food environments exacerbate food insecurity risk and the mechanisms by which the experience of food insecurity can lead to food addiction. Finally, we highlight policy and structural interventions needed to address the underlying societal inequities and injustices that form the root causes of food insecurity. Numerous factors, including historical policies that shaped current-day “food swamp” environments and current socioeconomic factors, influence disparate risk of food insecurity among structurally marginalized communities. Emerging evidence suggests that lack of consistent access to enough healthy food, stress about being able to afford enough to eat, and cycles of food abundance and food scarcity could trigger disordered eating behaviors and poor nutrition, leading to food addiction. Although more research on the link between food insecurity and food addiction is needed, particularly the role of stress and ultra-processed foods, upstream policy approaches are critical to addressing the structural determinants of food insecurity.
Devotional Crossings/Water
Authors: Pintchman Tracy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the lives of several individuals in both India and the United States who were involved in the construction and ongoing existence of the Parashakthi Temple in Pontiac, Michigan. The chapter employs the framing of Arjun Apppadurai’s “scapes,” adding to Appadurai’s original list two more: sacroscape and shaktiscape. For those responsible for creating and maintaining the Parashakthi Temple, what has come to distinguish temple space more than anything else is its vital role in anchoring the Goddess’s shaktiscape on both gross and subtle levels. It is the place where people encounter ideas, objects, and other people in ways that spark miracles and facilitate the Goddess’s intervention in their lives. The narratives presented here may be taken collectively as a way of framing translocal processes that offers an alternative to the ubiquitous economic paradigm that tends to inform discourse about globalization.
Postscript
Authors: Pintchman Tracy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains why the author hesitates to call the Parashakthi Temple a “diaspora” Hindu temple. The term “diaspora” originated as a way of describing settlements of Jews outside of the traditional Jewish homeland of Palestine after the Babylonian exile. Hence, it described a people who were exiled from their native land but who shared a common religious and cultural heritage. The term has proliferated in academic settings and across disciplines, not always with a clear sense of what exactly the term means. This chapter argues that the Parashakthi Temple operates in a translocal, iterative/creative, “third space” register that bears the traces of both American and Hindu religious and cultural worlds but gives rise to something new in a way that displaces the histories that constitute it. The term “diaspora” does not capture these dynamics.
Redistributing boundaries, capitals, and labour
Authors: Owen Lara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Enclosure relies on boundaries, fences, limits. Both the cup and the policy recast historic boundaries related to menstruation. These innovations made it possible to speak about menstruation more freely, absolving participants of the privacy regime surrounding it. Being able to speak, breaking free of menstrual shame and inhibition, and having needs taken seriously, in turn reshaped social and cultural capitals surrounding menstruation. This new articulation of needs and experience and the concomitant rise in menstrual capitals was part of an overall shift in the personal and organizational ‘permission field’, reshaping menstrual enclosure and organizational embodiment norms more broadly. This chapter looks at what the two case studies show about the ways menstrual innovations redraw boundaries of work and non-work, exploring arguments of menstruation as reproductive labour that also requires extra labour to be compliant with menstrual respectability. It explores ways in which menstrual innovations contribute to a redistribution of resources, along with assumptions of capital accumulation and normative practices controlling and organizing labour.
The movement towards a menstrual commons
Authors: Owen Lara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This book has outlined the new constellation of a menstrual commons with the potential to translate into a strengthening solidarity to women everywhere. Such a solidarity suggests a force that can restrain free market neoliberal capitalism and redraw the (gendered) borders of capitalism’s reach. But this apparent progression is not without contradiction and complication: while the women in the case studies might appear to be engaged in radical innovations, they may still be behaving as good neoliberal subjects, now burdened with an individualized sustainability/lifestyle agenda on top of the need to conceal, pass, and dissemble. Any innovation growing in the soil of neoliberalism will be influenced by neoliberal capitalist imperatives. The innovations studied in this book demonstrate the tension between ideals and pragmatism in movements that position themselves as progressive. They show how menstrual innovations can be radical in outcomes and illustrate the possibility of initiatives that fundamentally redistribute versus those that paper over the cracks. Yet, as this book has shown, they also indicate ways in which such changes can fail to directly confront underlying stigma, and risk reinforcing it. Stigma is one of the ways in which socioeconomic divisions are enacted and perpetuated. So, understanding the ways in which stigma, of any kind, is reproduced is a key element in meeting the challenge of ensuring positive social development. The study of menstruation, currently undergoing a great churn of change, is one way we can develop more understanding of the relationship between stigma, economics, and society.
Introduction
Authors: Tsagalis Christos C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The introductory chapter gives a survey of modern approaches to book 10 of the Iliad, also known as the Doloneia (“the rhapsody of Dolon”), as well as a presentation of the organization of this monograph. Concerning methodology, the Introduction aims to clarify how we should be discussing issues about the unity of composition that lie at the heart of the question of authenticity. It includes an overview of the current status of research on Iliad 10, including the application of intertextual neoanalysis. A concluding section outlines the themes surveyed in this volume chapter by chapter in its aim to offer a systematic study of the Homeric Doloneia.
A Second Thematic Approach
Authors: Tsagalis Christos C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 revisits one of the main arguments of many modern commentators of book 10 of the Iliad who treat the fact that Rhesus’ horses are not used by Diomedes in the chariot race in the funeral games for Patroclus (Iliad 23) as a strong indication that the Doloneia is a major interpolation. By widening the interpretive lens, the chapter reconsiders the function of horses in the Iliad, discusses certain fallacies of modern scholarship with respect to the horses of Rhesus, and explores why Diomedes, who has already (in book 5) acquired Aeneas’ semi-divine horses, will use them to win the chariot race in Iliad 23. The dense nexus of intratextual references, backward and forward thematic associations, and verbal resonances between the Doloneia and the Iliad shows that book 10 and the rest of the epic share the same sophisticated technique of allusion. Furthermore, it is suggested that, with respect to the absence of Rhesus’ horses from the chariot race in book 23, the Iliadic epic tradition manipulates audience expectations and employs a policy of exclusion that amount to making a reference by refusing reference. The suppression of a feature such as Rhesus’ splendid horses from a context in which their use would be expected constitutes a type of statement towards both the kind of warfare promoted by the Iliad and the epic tradition in which this type of warfare would have been at home.
The Alleged Un-Iliadic Features of Iliad 10
Authors: Tsagalis Christos C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 discusses three of the main arguments that scholars have employed against the authenticity of Iliad 10, i.e. speeches, the exotic aspect as indicated by the themes of arming and clothing, and the alleged non-observation of Zielinski’s Law. Concerning the speeches, it is argued that they are marked by a lack of or weak representation of the internal structuring of other Iliadic speeches, whereas their outer organization and clustering are not different from the rest of the epic. This blurred picture, which is partly un-Iliadic and partly Iliadic, stems from the process of shaping the Doloneia. The addition of the Rhesus episode and the various changes that were made to the earlier form of the Dolon episode must have happened soon before the writing down of the Iliad, when there was not enough time for the full accommodation of the new version to the Iliadic norm. The textualization of the Iliad limited the time available for a complete entextualization of the Doloneia, with the result that Iliad 10 strikes one as not fully accommodated to the Iliad as a whole. As regards clothing and arming, it is argued that the special clothing of certain heroes is narratively exploited by a combined examination with other Iliadic passages, whereas the unusual picture given in book 10 regarding arming is due to the theme of ambush. With respect to Zielinski’s Law, it is claimed, based on several examples, that book 10 does not differ from other books of the Iliad.