bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERCEPTIONS, MEANINGS AND PRACTICES OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM
Authors: Oliveira Celestino Meline Ivone , Pereira Pondé Milena , Bernstein Iriart Jorge Alberto , Machado Junior Samuel Bezerra , Penalva Costa Serra Juliane 
Published: April 2016

This was a qualitative study in which semistructured interviews were used to collect data. The mothers of autistic children with milder symptoms tend to be more optimistic and emphasize the positive aspects of their children, whereas mothers of children with more severe symptoms talked of the particularly disabling symptoms of their child. With respect to the cause of the problem, the mothers’ reference to organic reasons is a recurrent feature of the interviews. No explanatory model of autism other than that derived from biomedical knowledge was provided in this study. The limitations imposed by autistic children on the lives of their mothers were part of all the narratives, most particularly those of the mothers of children with more severe symptoms. Social support and the identification of a network with which to share experiences and the suffering of their children appear to minimize the effects of isolation in these mothers.
EVALUATION OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC, CLINIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROFILE IN PEOPLE WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS FROM A REFERENCE CENTER IN THE CITY OF SALVADOR
Authors: Sena da Conceição Cristiano , Vieira João Paulo , M. D. Mendes Selena , C. Barbosa Uibirá , Nunes Sá Kátia 
Published: April 2016

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and autoimmune disease with unknown origin, characterized by inflammatory involvement of multiple joints. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic profile for subjects with rheumatoid arthritis from a reference center in the city of Salvador. It was made a descriptive study with 97 individuals with RA. This sample was compose by 93% of female with age between 35 to 59 years (63%), skin color Brown (47%) and black (38%) in C2 social class (40%) and 35% with school graduate schooling, 91(%) presents pain: severe pain in 79(%) nociceptive (41%), mixed (39%) and 14.4% was in use of medicines and physical therapy. These results allows reorganize the therapeutic and preventive approach to a specific profile. The therapeutics practicing are not enough to control a tissue wear, and the pain that became a limiter factor to the patient care success with RA.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DISEASE ACTIVITY IN PAINFUL PROFILE AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PEOPLE WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Dubois Mendes Selena Márcia , Lôbo Queiroz Bárbara Liliane , Santana Larissa Vieira , Baptista Abrahão Fontes , Santiago Mittermayer Barreto , Sá Katia Nunes 
Published: April 2016

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease with impact on increasing the morbidity and mortality rates. Different levels of disease activity (LDA) have been established, however, its impact on pain and quality of life have yet to be been evidenced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of different levels of disease activity on the painful profile and quality of life (QOL) of patients diagnosed with RA. This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in RA patients attending an Educational Outpatient Care Service in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The LDA was defined according to values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and number of swollen and sore joints, according to the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28). Types of pain were assessed using the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 questions (DN4). To evaluate QOL, the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) were applied. The association between LDA, QOL and painful profile was verified using One Way-ANOVA and Bonferroni correction post-test. A high LAD was observed in 67.7% of the 96 patients evaluated in this study. Pain sensation was reported by 94.8 % of participants with 40.6 % reporting it as nociceptive and 80.2% as intense. It was also observed that the higher LAD found the higher was the pain intensity reported (p=0.001) and lower QOL scores (p<0.001). Although the LDA did not correlate with the type of pain (p=0.611), it was correlated with the total score obtained in the QOL from the HAQ (p=0.001). The greatest impact on QOL evaluated through the SF-36 were physical (p<0.001) and functional capacity (p<0.001). In conclusion, RA patients who had high LDA reported more severe pain perception and obtained the lowest scores in the assessment of quality of life.
Comparación de dos protocolos de manejo en preeclampsia severa, lejos del término, y resultados maternos y neonatales: una cohorte histórica Hospital Universitario San José, Popayán (Colombia)
Authors: Rendón-Becerra César Augusto , Ortiz-Martínez Roberth Alirio 
Published: April 2016

<p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> determinar si existe una diferencia en la seguridad del protocolo de manejo expectante o activo en gestantes con embarazos menores de 34 semanas y preeclampsia severa en resultados maternos y fetales.</p><p><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong> cohorte histórica de gestantes entre las 24 y 34 semanas, con diagnóstico de preeclampsia severa, que después de recibir un curso de corticoesteroides fueron manejadas con protocolo expectante o activo según criterio de equipo responsable en una institución universitaria de referencia en la región suroccidental de Colombia. Muestreo consecutivo. Se midió como resultado primario la mortalidad y las complicaciones maternas, y una medida compuesta de pobres resultados maternos. Como resultados secundarios se midieron mortalidad neonatal, días de estancia hospitalaria en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal (UCIN), horas de ventilación mecánica y una medida compuesta de complicaciones neonatales. Se compararon las características basales y clínicas de las dos poblaciones, y los resultados maternos y neonatales por medio de test exacto de Fisher o chi cuadrado para variables categóricas, y pruebas no paramétricas para variables continuas.</p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> los grupos fueron comparables con respecto a sus características basales. La prolongación del embarazo en el manejo expectante fue en promedio 8,8 días con DS +/- 8,74 días. No se presentaron diferencias estadísticas entre los dos protocolos respecto a la morbimortalidad materna o perinatal en la estancia hospitalaria posparto, los días de hospitalización del recién nacido y las horas de ventilación mecánica (p &gt; 0,05).</p><p><strong>Conclusión:</strong> no se encontraron diferencias en términos de seguridad en resultados maternos y fetales con el manejo expectante en relación con el manejo activo en pacientes con preeclampsia severa temprana.</p>
PHYTOCHEMICAL, ELEMENTAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL STUDY OF CRYPTOCARYA LATIFOLIA
Authors: Hamza Mohammed Falalu , Shaikb Shakira , Moodley Roshila 
Published: April 2016

Background: Existing populations of Cryptocarya latifolia (Lauraceae) are rapidly declining as a consequence of their substitutive use for Ocotea bullata. The uncontrolled and excessive removal of the bark and roots of this species has led to the death of many of these plants and may eventually result in its depletion in the natural habitat.
Materials and methods: The secondary metabolites from the leaves and fruits of C. latifolia were extracted using solvents of various polarities, isolated using column chromatography and identified using spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro free radical scavenging activity (antioxidant capacity) of selected phytocompounds at varied concentrations was determined by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. A propagation study of the species was also conducted.
Results: The compounds isolated from the plant were the novel compound, α-pyrone (5-hexyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one) and known compounds quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, β-sitosterol, copaene and nerolidol. The radical scavenging activity of the isolated compounds indicated moderate to good anti-oxidant activity. Treatment of explants with BAP:NAA at 1.0:0.01 mg L-1 produced the highest percentage of shoots (94%) and longest shoot length (8.06 mm).
Conclusion: This study validates the ethno-medicinal use of the plant and supports the replacement of bark and roots by leaves and fruits for the management and conservation of this declining plant species. The benefits of consuming the fruits are two-fold as they can also contribute to the recommended dietary allowances of most essential elements for the majority of individuals.
EVALUATION THE EXPRESSION OF THREE GENES TO EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER RISK IN CHINESE POPULATION
Authors: Huang Ju , Lin Hao , Lin Ming En 
Published: April 2016

Background: Ovarian cancer is associated with poor survival, because patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, and
in addition, tumors develop chemoresistance, which carries a poor prognosis for the patient.
Material and methods: We hypothesize that high expression of SDF-1, survivin and smac is associated with ovarian cancers
development and could be used as a biomarker to identify this disease. The expressions of SDF-1, survivin and smac in normal
ovarian (NO) tissue, benign tumor (BT) tissue and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissue were immunohistochemically analysed.
Results: Positive expressions of SDF-1, survivin and smac were significantly higher in EOC tissue than those in NO and BT tissues.
SDF-1 expressions were significantly more weaker in advanced ovarian carcinomas (FIGO stage III–IV), and in high-grade
carcinomas. There was a positive correlation between EOC patients with lymph node metastasis and with ascites and SDF-1
positivity (P < 0.05). Survivin expressions were significantly more stronger in advanced ovarian carcinomas (FIGO stage III–IV), and in high-grade carcinomas. There was a positive correlation between EOC patients with lymph node metastasis and with ascites and surviving positivity (P < 0.05). Smac expressions were significantly more stronger in advanced ovarian carcinomas (FIGO stage III–IV), and in high-grade carcinomas. There was a positive correlation between EOC patients with lymph node metastasis and with ascites and smac positivity (P < 0.05).
ETHNOBIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN OF A TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BARBALHA, CEARÁ, BRAZIL.
Authors: Lemos Izabel Cristina Santiago , Delmondes Gyllyandeson de AraÃºjo , Santos Ana Deyva Ferreira dos , Santos Enaide Soares , De Oliveira Dayanne Rakelly , Figueiredo PatrÃ­cia Rosane Leite de , Alves Dailon de AraÃºjo , Barbosa Roseli , Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar de , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Kerntopf Marta Regina , Fernandes George Pimentel 
Published: April 2016

Background: The use of natural resources for the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children is a widespread practice
within traditional communities, especially by women by being the primary caregivers. This study aimed to perform ethnobiological
survey of plants and animals used for the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children of a traditional community in the
municipality of Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. Methods: It is a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach, developed in
Sítio Santo Antônio, in the municipality of Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. As a tool for data collection, was applied a questionnaire and a
semi-structured interview. Data analysis used descriptive statistics (simple and percentage rate) and the Relative Frequency of
Citation.
Results: The research included a total of 54 informants. In total, there were 38 species cited. According to the Relative Frequency of
Citation the following species were the most cited: Ocimum basilicum L. (0.59), Eucalyptus globulus Labill (0.59), Plectranthus
amboinicus (L.) Spreng (0.42), Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (0.24), Allium aescalonicum L. (0.22) and Mentha arvensis L. (0.18).
Among the symptoms mentioned by the research subjects to treat the acute respiratory infections in childhood, there were: fever;
cough; coughing with secretions; sore throat; hoarseness; tiredness; nasal congestion.
Conclusions: It is important the knowledge about the usefulness of natural resources as alternative practices in diseases treatment,
seeking to rescue popular knowledge used in the traditional community and fomenting the need to consider cultural aspects in the
full practice to children´s health care.
EFFECT OF HARVEST DATE AND STALK SECTION ON SELECTED STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKISH OREGANO (ORIGANUM ONITES L)
Authors: Yilmaz Deniz , Jasinskas Algirdas 
Published: April 2016

Background: The time required to harvest plant crops is important to the plant properties. It is affected by design of the harvest
equipment and the desire for high-quality products with low energy usage.
Materials and Methods: Strength characteristics of Origanum onites L., an important medicinal aromatic plant, harvested on 2, 9,
16 and 23 July, 2012–2014 (H1, H2, H3 and H4, respectively) were measured at the bottom and top sections of the stalk.
Measurements included maximum force, bio-yield force, shearing force, bending stress, shearing stress, shearing energy, and
shearing deformation.
Results: The highest maximum force (35.17 N) was at H4 on the bottom section, and the lowest was at H1 on the top. Maximum
values for bio-yield force, shearing force, and bending stress were at H4 on the bottom section, and corresponding minimum values
were at H1 on the top section. Shearing stress decreased at successive harvest dates for both stalk sections. The minimum shearing
energy was at H4, (0.13 J and 0.06 J for bottom and top, respectively). Strength measurements for bottom sections of the stalk were
greater than those for top sections.
Conclusion: When reduced harvesting force is needed because of harvester design or harvest procedures, harvesting near the top of
the stalk is recommended.
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACTION FROM GASTRODIA ELATA BLUME ON BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER IN FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION
Authors: He Fangyan , Duan Xiaohua , Dai Rong , Wang Wei , Yang Cui , Lin Qing 
Published: April 2016

Background: Damage of the blood brain barrier (BBB) during the process of cerebral ischemic injury is a key factor which
influences the therapeutic efficacy to the cerebral ischemic injury. The present study was designed to verify the mechanisms
underlying the protective effects of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extraction from Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) on the BBB by
developing a model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Material and methods: MCAO/R model in rats was developed through
a thread embolism method. The neurological scales, the moisture and the evans blue (EB) contents of brains were detected.
Meanwhile, the release of nitric oxide (NO) and activities of NO synthase (NOS) in brain tissues were measured. Western blotting
analyses were also performed to assess the protein expressions of AQP-4, Occludin and Claudin-5 in brain tissue. Result: After rats
were pretreated with different concentrations of EtOAc extractions from GEB, the neurologic scores, the EB contents in the brain
tissues and the moisture of the brains were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the release of NO, the activities of nNOS and iNOS
were notably inhibited. Furthemore, the protein expression of AQP-4 was markedly decreased, but the protein expressions of
Claudin-5 and Occludin were significantly increased. Conclusion: the EtOAc extracts of GEB may decrease the permeability of
BBB when focal cerebral ischemia occurs. The inhibition of the NOS pathways, the attenuation of the protein expression of AQP-4
and the enhancement of the expressions of the tight junction proteins may contribute to the protective effects of the EtOAc extracts
from GEB on BBB.
A New Non-Darcy Flow Model for Low Velocity Multiphase Flow in Tight Reservoirs
Authors: Xiong Yi , Yu Jinbiao , Sun Hongxia , Yuan Jiangru , Huang Zhaoqin , Wu Yu-shu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper is to present a new non-linear flow model for low-velocity multiphase flow in tight petroleum reservoirs as well as its analytical and numerical solutions. The pore and pore-throat sizes of shale and tight-rock formations are on the order of tens of nanometers. The fluid flow in such small pores is significantly affected by walls of pores and pore-throats. This boundary-layer effect on fluid flow in tight rocks has been investigated through laboratory work. In analogue to flow through capillary tubes, it is found that the ratio of the thickness of boundary layer over the size of capillary tube is a function of pressure gradient; and the non-linear relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient is pronounced under the drive of small pressure gradient or low flow velocity. It is also observed that low permeability is associated with large boundary layer effect on fluid flow. Based on the studies of single-phase and multiphase flow though capillary tubes, the new non-Darcy flow model is proposed for describing multiphase flow in tight rock.
The experimental results from a single capillary tube are extended to a bundle of tubes and finally to porous media of tight formations. A physics-based, non-Darcy low-velocity flow equation is derived to account for the boundary layer effect of tight reservoirs by adding a non-Darcy coefficient term, which is function of dimensionless thickness of boundary layer and pressure gradient. This non-Darcy equation describes the fluid flow more accurately for tight oil reservoir with low production rate and low pressure gradient as compared to laboratory observation.
Both analytical and numerical solutions are obtained for the new non-Darcy flow model. First, a Buckley-Leverett type analytical solution is derived including gravity effect with this non-Darcy flow equation. Then, a numerical model has been developed for implementing this non-Darcy flow model for accurate simulation of multi-dimensional porous and fractured tight oil reservoirs. The sensitivity studies based on numerical simulations demonstrate the non-negligible effect of boundary layer on fluid flow in tight formations using an actual field example. Eventually, the experiment-based non-Darcy flow model could improve the forecast accuracy for long-term production rate and recovery factors of tight oil reservoirs.
A new, physics-based low-velocity non-Darcy flow model is developed for description of single-phase and multiphase flow in tight reservoirs. In addition, both analytical and numerical solutions are provided for application of the new non-Darcy flow model for field studies. The results and knowledge obtained in this study may be applicable to both oil and gas flow in unconventional reservoirs.
Volume Effects on Methane-Shale Adsorption under Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Yang Sheng , Wu Wei , Xu Jinze , Ji Dongqi , Chen Zhangxin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Due to the low porosity of a shale reservoir, the amount of stored free gas is limited. The pore volume of shale is majorly composed of micropores and mesopores, which are perfect storage spaces for sorbed gas. As a result, a shale gas reservoir contains a significant amount of sorbed gas through physical adsorption. The adsorption behavior of shale is usually analogue to coal, although the average diameters of nanopores and compositions of shale are different from those of coal. Many adsorption models of shale and coal have been proposed in previous studies. No matter which model is chosen to describe an isothermal adsorption, the absolute adsorption is derived from the measured excess adsorption data. The basic calculation theory of absolute adsorption assumes that volume changes are only caused by adsorption. However, volume changes are also caused by adsorbent swelling or shrinkage, gas absorption into organic matter, and Helium adsorption. In this work, a modified adsorption model is introduced to account for the unexpected volume effects and accurately calculate absolute adsorption.
The proposed model is based on the Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) model (pore-filling theory), since it is more suitable to describe the gas adsorption behavior in nanopores than the Langmuir Model that mainly describes the monolayer adsorption on homogeneous surfaces. Methane is a supercritical fluid under a high pressure and temperate reservoir condition. As a result, the pressure terms in the DA model are replaced by the density to overcome the problem of the determination of saturation pressure. The volume change term is additionally added to the adsorption equation to account for the effect of volume changes. Six groups of shale adsorption data are applied to validate the proposed model and analyze the volume effects.
The proposed model shows better fitting results than the traditional DA model. Especially, the proposed model captures abnormal adsorption behavior under the extreme high pressure and high temperature conditions. The previous reported adsorbent swelling or shrinkage and gas absorption into organic matter are illustrated and explained by the calculated volume change terms. The adsorption capacity and other fitted parameters estimated by the proposed model are more reasonable and accurate than those predicted by the DA model. This study highlights the effect of volume changes on absolute adsorption calculation, and provides an extensive insight on shale gas adsorption behaviors under reservoir conditions.
First Sealant Application in a Multilayered Reservoir With Water Entry in One Zone, in Lago Agrio Field, Ecuador
Authors: Hernandez Rubys , Medina Diego , Calderon Fausto , Enriquez Nelson , Moran Milton 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The primary oil production from the Lago Agrio field originates from the Hollin formation, which has a strong waterdrive production mechanism. The Hollin tidal and shallow marine intervals are vertically discontinuous in some field sectors and show slightly lower pressure with regard to the fluvial zone, as a result of stratigraphic barriers and the action of an edge waterdrive system. Over time, water breakthrough in higher permeability zones caused excessive water production. In Well LGA-013, the vertical barriers are apparent in the openhole logs. Spectral natural gamma-ray and saturation logs identified current water advance, and a sealing treatment was selected to shut off water flow into the Hollin tidal zone.
This paper summarizes the first case of water conformance in the Lago Agrio field using an organically crosslinked polymer (OCP) and describes the candidate selection process, treatment design, execution procedure, and production results. The Hollin shallow marine interval was selected for hydraulic fracturing, and a water soluble polymeric sealant system was designed and pumped into the base of Hollin's tidal zone to delay water breakthrough.
The polymer treatment for water shutoff was applied in Well LGA-013. A total treatment of 40 bbl was injected into the formation in two stages with 1.5-in. coiled tubing (CT): 24 bbl at 0.5 bbl/min and 3,500 psi, and 16 bbl at 0.3 bbl/min and 3,400 psi. After treatment, the well was tested with 36% water cut and 220 bbl of oil. The treatment r was successful. It reduced water cut from 65 to 36% during early evaluation.
The sealant used in Well LGA-013 employs a porosity filling strategy that seals the targeted permeability (water zone) by forming a hydrogel. This treatment strategy can be used in other Hollin reservoir wells to create an effective seal between water and oil zones and, in turn, increase the oil-to-water ratio.