bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance for dysplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis: Discrepancy between guidelines and practice
Authors: Shinozaki Masaru , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Kunisaki Reiko , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Naganuma Makoto , Takahashi Ken‐ichi , Iwao Yasushi , Suzuki Yasuo , Watanabe Mamoru , Itabashi Michio , Torii Akira , Takazoe Masakazu , Sugita Akira 
Published: January 2017

Background and AimThe risk of developing colorectal cancer is higher in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) than in the general population. Guidelines recommend surveillance colonoscopy (SCS) to reduce mortality; however, few studies have assessed physicians’ adherence to guidelines. This study was aimed to clarify the current status of SCS and adherence to guidelines through the characteristics of cancer/dysplasia surveillance for UC patients in Japan.MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to 541 physicians who attended meetings on inflammatory bowel disease.ResultsThe respondents encountered a median of 100 UC cases. Thirty percent of the respondents had never managed a UC patient with cancer. Fifty‐one percent of the respondents had never diagnosed colorectal cancer with UC. Forty‐seven percent of the respondents considered extensive colitis and left‐sided colitis as indications for SCS, and 38% carried out SCS regardless of the disease extent. Sixty‐three percent of the respondents started SCS at 7–10 years after UC onset, whereas 20% started SCS at 3 years or less. Fifty‐two percent of the respondents obtained targeted biopsies only, and chromoendoscopy was used by 49% of the respondents as a special technique for surveillance. Median number of biopsies at SCS was five per patient; it was three among patients whose biopsy was carried out by physicians who obtained targeted biopsies only and seven among those carried out by physicians who obtained step biopsies and targeted biopsies (P < 0.0001).ConclusionA considerable proportion of the respondents did not follow the guidelines when selecting patients for surveillance and carrying out SCS.
Basal rate tests (24‐hour fasts) performed in type‐1 diabetic subjects with either absolute fasting or snacks containing negligible carbohydrate amounts result in similar glucose profiles: A randomized controlled prospective trial
Authors: Haase Maike , Kahle Melanie , Janert Martin , Meier Juris J. , Nauck Michael A. 
Published: January 2017

AimsBasal rate tests (24‐hour fasting periods) may be necessary to optimize basal insulin replacement in type 1 diabetes. It was the aim of this study to prospectively compare the allowance of negligible carbohydrate snacks vs absolute fasting.MethodsA total of 20 patients with type 1 diabetes (age, 48 ± 15 years (9 women, 11 men); BMI, 28.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2; HbA1c, 8.8% ± 2.0% (73.0 ± 21.9 mmol/mol); insulin dose, 0.69 ± 0.31 IU/kg body weight and per day) participated in 2 basal rate tests lasting 24 hours in random order with unchanged basal insulin replacement. On 1 occasion, negligible carbohydrate snacks (salads and vegetables, up to 5.1 g carbohydrate and 276.3 kJ per portion) were allowed; during the second test subjects were obliged to fast absolutely. Plasma glucose profiles were determined using an exact laboratory method. Hypoglycaemic episodes (plasma glucose < 70 mg/dL) were compared.ResultsPlasma glucose concentrations during fasting periods, with and without negligible carbohydrate snacks, did not differ significantly (
P = .65) and differences were negligible (95% confidence intervals always included a difference of 0 mmol/L). Also, there was no difference in the number of hypoglycaemic plasma glucose values (P = .40) or in compensatory carbohydrate intake. Basal rate testing with negligible carbohydrate snacks was better tolerated (questionnaire, P = .046) and the desire to discontinue the fasting period was significantly reduced (P = .023).ConclusionsAllowing negligible carbohydrate snacks results in unchanged plasma glucose profiles during basal rate testing and is better tolerated by patients with type 1 diabetes.
Alcohol and tobacco consumption concordance and its correlates in older couples in Latin America
Authors: Machado Mayra Pires Alves , Opaleye Davi Camara , Pereira Tiago Veiga , Padilla Ivan , Noto Ana Regina , Prince Martin , Ferri Cleusa Pinheiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimAs little is known about alcohol and tobacco consumption concordance between older spouses in low‐ and middle‐income countries, the present study aimed to estimate this in older couples from five Latin American countries.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of data collected between 2003 and 2007 by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group, from 1451 couples aged over 65 years from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Peru, Mexico and Puerto Rico. Kappa statistic was used to assess the agreement of the behavior beyond chance, and logistic regression models with meta‐analyses were used to estimate the factors associated with concordance.ResultsThe mean age of the total sample was 74.8 years (SD 6.6). The results showed high levels of agreement rates in relation to drinking and smoking (75.9% and 85% of couples, respectively, did not drink or smoke), which were beyond the agreement expected by chance. Increased age was associated with concordance on both being non‐drinkers (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05) and non‐smokers (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.07); and having a larger social network was associated with less likelihood of the couple being non‐drinkers (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.98). Attending religious meetings was associated with increased likelihood of the couple being non‐smokers (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01–1.41). Socioeconomic circumstances were not associated with couples’ concordance.ConclusionsOlder Latin American couples have high levels of concordance in drinking and smoking habits, which increases with age, and were not associated with socioeconomic circumstances, but were with social network. This knowledge can assist the development of policies and interventions to promote health among this growing population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1849–1857.
Effect of a Long‐Term Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Cognitive Function: Action for Health in Diabetes Study
Authors: Rapp Stephen R. , Luchsinger Jose A. , Baker Laura D. , Blackburn George L. , Hazuda Helen P. , Demos‐McDermott Kathryn E. , Jeffery Robert W. , Keller Jeffrey N. , McCaffery Jeanne M. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Evans Mary , Wadden Thomas A. , Arnold Steven E. , Espeland Mark A. ,   the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo assess whether randomization to 10 years of lifestyle intervention to induce and maintain weight loss improves cognitive function.DesignRandomized controlled clinical trial.SettingData obtained as part of the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial (NCT00017953) and Look AHEAD Continuation study (U01 DK057136‐15).ParticipantsOverweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 45 to 76 (N = 3,751).InterventionIntensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight loss through reduced caloric intake and increased physical activity compared with a control condition of diabetes support and education (DSE).MeasurementsCertified examiners who were masked to intervention assignment administered a standard battery of cognitive function tests (Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol Coding, Trail‐Making Test, Modified Stroop Color‐Word Test) to participants 10 to 13 years after enrollment.ResultsAssignment to lifestyle intervention was not associated with significantly different overall (P = .10) or domain‐specific (all P > .10) cognitive function than assignment to diabetes support and education. Results were fairly consistent across prespecified groups, but there was some evidence of trends for differential intervention effects showing modest harm in ILI in participants with greater body mass index and in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease. Cognitive function was not associated with changes in weight or fitness (all P > .05).ConclusionA long‐term behavioral weight loss intervention for overweight and obese adults with diabetes mellitus was not associated with cognitive benefit. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00017953.
Characteristics of Bordetella pertussis infection among infantsand children admitted to paediatric intensive care units in Greece: A multicentre, 11‐year study
Authors: Kazantzi Maria S , Prezerakou Anargyroula , Kalamitsou Serafeia N , Ilia Stavroula , Kalabalikis Panagiotis K , Papadatos John , Sdougka Maria M , Briassoulis George , Tsolia Maria N 
Published: January 2017

AimTo describe children with pertussis who required intensive care.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of pertussis admissions to all (six) national intensive care units in Greece from 2003 to 2013.ResultsA total of 31 children were included, 28 of whom were younger than 12 months old. Cough was the most prominent symptom, being present in 27 of 31 (87%) patients, and on admission, only 7 (22.6%) satisfied the case definition. Mechanical ventilation was initiated in 13 (42%) patients. Six patients died because of respiratory failure (two) or multi‐organ system failure (four). The patients who died had significantly higher white blood cell counts (WBC) (77 800–31 600, P = 0.031) and neutrophils (29 016–12 795, P = 0021) than those who survived and lower minimum values of serum sodium (125–133, P = 0002). They also had a longer duration of hospitalisation prior to their paediatric intensive care unit admission (6–1 days, P = 0022). Three patients were diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension, and only one of them survived. Age, gender and immunisation status did not differ between survivors and non‐survivors. Two patients received exchange blood transfusion, and survival benefit was not apparent.ConclusionYoung infants are at risk of severe pertussis, resulting in serious complications or death. Elevated WBC and low serum sodium are associated with higher mortality. Despite advances in life support and treatment of organ failure in childhood critical illness, pertussis still has substantial mortality.
Avoidance Behavior Following Terror Event Exposure: Effects of Perceived Life Threat and Jewish Religious Coping
Authors: Zukerman Gil , Korn Liat , Shapiro Ephraim , Fostick Leah 
Published: January 2017

The current research was designed to examine associations of perceived life threat (PLT) and religious coping with the development of avoidance behavior following terror event exposure. Based upon the terror management theory (TMT), we hypothesized that religious coping, through its effect on religious beliefs as a meaning system, would moderate the impact of threat, as expressed in PLT, on an individual's reaction to terror event exposure, as manifested in avoidance behavior. Participants were 591 Israeli Jewish students who were vicariously or directly exposed to a terror event in the past. We report a significant interaction between PLT and negative religious coping. PLT was positively associated with avoidance behavior but this relationship was more profound among persons who reported high negative religious coping. Secular students reported higher rates of avoidance behavior and negative religious coping and were more likely than religious students to report intrapersonal religious conflict. Our findings suggest that terror event exposure is associated with an elevated sense of threat, which is, at least in part, associated with a weakening of prior religious beliefs.
The hatching time of Locusta migratoria under outdoor conditions: role of temperature and adaptive significance
Authors: Nishide Yudai , Suzuki Takeshi , Tanaka Seiji 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe present study investigates the time of hatching of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria using egg pods that are artificially buried in the soil under outdoor conditions. Most eggs hatch in the mid‐morning, with a peak between 11.00 and 12.00 h, and none hatch before 09.00 or after 16.00 h. Furthermore, most egg pods complete hatching within a day, although some take 2 or 3 days, and egg hatching is interrupted by rain. There are no large differences in hatching time from May to September. Laboratory experiments in which the eggs are exposed to temperatures simulating outdoor conditions show that soil temperature is the main factor controlling hatching activity. The increase in temperature in the morning appears to trigger egg hatching, as confirmed by laboratory experiments, which may explain the similar hatching times between seasons. The seasonal patterns of temperature variation and hatching time suggest that the hatching time of L. migratoria eggs may be adjusted to allow the hatchlings to be exposed to high temperatures in the afternoon so that they can harden their bodies quickly.
Dialysate Composition for Hemodialysis: Changes and Changing Risk
Authors: McGill Rita L. , Weiner Daniel E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDialysate composition is a critical aspect of the hemodialysis prescription. Despite this, trial data are almost entirely lacking to help guide the optimal dialysate composition. Often, the concentrations of key components are chosen intuitively, and dialysate composition may be determined by default based on dialysate manufacturer specifications or hemodialysis facility practices. In this review, we examine the current epidemiological evidence guiding selection of dialysate bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, and potassium, and identify unresolved issues for which pragmatic clinical trials are needed.
Safety and Immunogenicity of the Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine VPM1002 in HIV-Unexposed Newborn Infants in South Africa
Authors: Loxton André G. , Knaul Julia K. , Grode Leander , Gutschmidt Andrea , Meller Christiane , Eisele Bernd , Johnstone Hilary , van der Spuy Gian , Maertzdorf Jeroen , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Hesseling Anneke C. , Walzl Gerhard , Cotton Mark F. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTuberculosis is a global threat to which infants are especially vulnerable. Effective vaccines are required to protect infants from this devastating disease. VPM1002, a novel recombinantMycobacterium bovisbacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine previously shown to be safe and immunogenic in adults, was evaluated for safety in its intended target population, namely, newborn infants in a region with high prevalence of tuberculosis. A total of 48 newborns were vaccinated intradermally with VPM1002 (n= 36) or BCG Danish strain (n= 12) in a phase II open-labeled, randomized trial with a 6-month follow-up period. Clinical and laboratory measures of safety were evaluated during this time. In addition, vaccine-induced immune responses to mycobacteria were analyzed in whole-blood stimulation and proliferation assays. The safety parameters and immunogenicity were comparable in the two groups. Both vaccines induced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses; however, VPM1002 vaccination led to an increase of CD8+IL-17+T cells at the week 16 and month 6 time points. The incidence of abscess formation was lower for VPM1002 than for BCG. We conclude that VPM1002 is a safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic vaccine in newborn infants, confirming results from previous trials in adults. These results strongly support further evaluation of the safety and efficacy of this vaccination in larger studies. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01479972.)
Human CD4
+
T Cell Responses to an Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Parallel Those Induced by Natural Infection in Magnitude, HLA Restriction, and Antigen Specificity
Authors: Angelo Michael A. , Grifoni Alba , O'Rourke Patrick H. , Sidney John , Paul Sinu , Peters Bjoern , de Silva Aruna D. , Phillips Elizabeth , Mallal Simon , Diehl Sean A. , Kirkpatrick Beth D. , Whitehead Stephen S. , Durbin Anna P. , Sette Alessandro , Weiskopf Daniela 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Dengue virus (DENV) is responsible for growing numbers of infections worldwide and has proven to be a significant challenge for vaccine development. We previously demonstrated that CD8
+
T cell responses elicited by a dengue live attenuated virus (DLAV) vaccine resemble those observed after natural infection. In this study, we screened peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from donors vaccinated with a tetravalent DLAV vaccine (TV005) with pools of dengue virus-derived predicted major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II binding peptides. The definition of CD4
+
T cell responses after live vaccination is important because CD4
+
T cells are known contributors to host immunity, including cytokine production, help for CD8
+
T and B cells, and direct cytotoxicity against infected cells. While responses to all antigens were observed, DENV-specific CD4
+
T cells were focused predominantly on the capsid and nonstructural NS3 and NS5 antigens. Importantly, CD4
+
T cell responses in vaccinees were similar in magnitude and breadth to those after natural infection, recognized the same antigen hierarchy, and had similar profiles of HLA restriction. We conclude that TV005 vaccination has the capacity to elicit CD4
+
cell responses closely mirroring those observed in a population associated with natural immunity.

IMPORTANCE
The development of effective vaccination strategies against dengue virus infection is of high global public health interest. Here we study the CD4 T cell responses elicited by a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine and show that they resemble responses seen in humans naturally exposed to dengue virus. This is an important issue, since it is likely that optimal immunity induced by a vaccine requires induction of CD4
+
responses against the same antigens as those recognized as dominant in natural infection. Detailed knowledge of the T cell response may further contribute to the identification of robust correlates of protection against dengue virus.
Resource Contracts for Java
Authors: Kersten Rody , Schäf Martin , Kahsai Temesghen 
Published: January 2017

Writing specifications about program behavior is hard. Writing specifications about non-functional effects such as resource usage is often even harder. If manually instrumenting the program is not an option, programmers have to rely on comment-based specification languages like JML to introduce ghost variables and other fairly abstract concepts that are complicated and hard to maintain. Even worse, most static analysis tools nowadays operate on bit- or bytecode and cannot process those type of specifications
To address this problem, we propose a library-based specification formalism for time complexity in Java. The approach is inspired by the success of assertion libraries like CodeContracts and Guava. Our library provides a set of methods and enumerated types that allow the user to write complexity assertions in a 'human' readable form and without instrumenting the code. On the backend, we provide a bytecode rewriting tool that uses these assertions to automatically instrument the program with counter variables. The transformed program can then be checked via testing or off-the-shelf automated static analyzers
The Obesity Paradox in Cancer—Moving Beyond BMI
Authors: Strulov Shachar Shlomit , Williams Grant R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) and simple counts of weight are easy and available tools in the clinic and in research. Recent studies have shown that cancer patients with a low normal BMI (or those with weight loss) have worse outcomes than obese patients. These results suggest that obesity has a protective effect and has been termed the “obesity paradox.” In this commentary, we discuss hypothetical explanations and take a step beyond BMI or simple weights alone to present other useful and more specific body composition metrics, such as muscle tissue mass, visceral fat mass, and subcutaneous fat mass. Body composition is highly variable between individuals with significant differences seen between various races and ages. Therefore, it is critical to consider that patients with the exact same BMI can have significantly different body compositions and different outcomes. We encourage further studies to examine body composition beyond BMI and to use other body composition metrics to develop individualized treatments and intervention strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 13–16. ©2017 AACR.
See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “The Obesity Paradox in Cancer: Evidence and New Directions.”
Hospitalidade e Comunicação: a experiência de compras de serviços de viagens na online
Authors: Goldenberg Cintia , Pinotti Rita , Pozo Hamilton 
Published: January 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa e analisar de que forma a comunicação facilita a relação de hospitalidade entre uma empresa e seus clientes, com consequente geração de confiabilidade e vantagem competitiva. O método adotado foi exploratório de abordagem quali-quantitativa. A problemática trabalhada foi: a comunicação utilizada por uma empresa prestadora de serviços de viagens facilita a relação de hospitalidade com o atual e potencial cliente, com consequente vantagem competitiva? As hipóteses da pesquisa foram: (H1)- A composição do website de uma empresa prestadora de serviços de viagens online contribui para a geração de confiabilidade e vantagem competitiva na prestação de serviços para seus clientes, e (H2) – Uma comunicação adequada aos perfis de clientes atendidos pelas empresas estudadas contribui para o estabelecimento de uma relação de hospitalidade com os clientes da empresa. Como resultados, confirmou-se que a estrutura do website de uma empresa prestadora de serviços contribui para fortalecer a confiabilidade e a vantagem competitiva na prestação de serviços e, também, que a comunicação adequada aos perfis de clientes contribui para o fortalecimento de uma relação de hospitalidade com os seus clientes.
A vivência ético-política-afetiva na comunidade.
Authors: Bertini Fátima Maria Araújo 
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo propõe refletir sobre a vivência ético-política-afetiva na comunidade. Discute-se três pontos principais: 1. Como se dá a ética, a política e os afetos em uma comunidade a partir da Filosofia de Espinosa. 2. Partindo-se da compreensão da dinâmica dos afetos como se pode compreender a liberdade e a servidão na vivência comunitária. Como a comunidade age ou não de tal forma que a liberdade ou a servidão, respectivamente, passam a ser vivenciadas no ambiente comunitário? O que poderá favorecer a liberdade ou a servidão? 3. Proposta de uma ação compartilhada dos profissionais. O objetivo dessa análise é revisitar a reflexão sobre ética, política e afetos na comunidade e, a partir de Baruch de Espinosa, proporcionar uma análise que reatualize o que seja comunidade na perspectiva essa revisitação. O conceito de comunidade que esse artigo se refere diz respeito ao conjunto de pessoas que convivem no mesmo território ou no mesmo bairro e que, no quotidiano, vivenciam diversas experiências. Tem-se como reflexões principais que, mediante a compreensão da dinâmica instável dos afetos, os profissionais que ‘atuam’ em comunidades, poderão ter uma visão mais ampla sobre suas práticas e se as mesmas fomentam ou aumentam estados de servidão ou se, ao contrário, contribuem para a liberdade da comunidade e dos indivíduos.
Loucura e escritura em L’armata dei sonnambuli, de Wu Ming
Authors: La Valle Paolo 
Published: January 2017

La armata dei sonnambuli (2014) é o último romance do coletivo italiano de escritores Wu Ming. Segundo as palavras dos mesmos autores, trata-se de uma súmula de vinte anos de experiências sobre as formas do romance histórico. Os autores contam a história da Revolução Francêsa através de um ponto de vista oblíquo, colocando parte dos acontecimentos no manicómio de Bicêtre em 1793. Por isso, fazem refêrencia ao livro de Michel Foucault Histoire de la folie a l’age classique e em particular a sua reedição italiana em 2011, onde o curador Mario Galzigna recupera o prefácio original de Foucault (1960). Graças as sugestões de Foucault, os Wu Ming contam uma história diferente da Revolução e vão além disso, tentando traduzir na escrita e na linguagem o «antagonismo» da loucura.