bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular and Serum Testosterone Variations in Squirrel Monkeys During Seasonal Cyclicity
Authors: PASQUALINI TITANIA , COLILLAS ORESTE , RIVAROLA MARCO A. 
Published: December 2015

The seasonal testicular maturation of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) was used as a model of maturational hormonal regulation of the testis. Testicular testosterone and serum testosterone concentrations were determined during the circannual variations of body weight and testicular volume. These data have been correlated with changes in the germinal epithelium.According to individual weight curves and time of the year, the monkeys were divided into five groups: group A1, maximal weight, April‐May; A2, July; A3, November; A4, minimal weight, February‐March; and A5, March‐April. Variations in testicular volume followed very closely variations in body weight. Sexual activity started at A1 and persisted in A2. A marked drop in the mean width of the germinal epithelium and the diameters of the seminiferous tubules was observed in A3, followed by a recovery during A4 and A5.Testicular testosterone showed two annual elevations. The first peak, 3.91 ± 0.31 μg/g (mean ± SE), coincided with the serum testosterone peak when body weight and testicular volume were high and the trophic response of the germinal epithelium was complete. The second peak reached levels of 5.21 ± 1.48 μg/g and was observed before the reinitiation of spermatogenesis. This was accompanied by a moderate increase in serum testosterone.The second peak of testicular testosterone, which has been reported to occur in the rat and in humans, might represent a local androgen need for initiation of spermatogenesis, while the first peak might represent the androgen need for full stimulation of spermatogenesis.
Doppler Examination in Varicocele A Standard Method of Evaluation
Authors: ANNONI FEDERICO , COLPI GIOVANNI M. , MARINCOLA FRANCESCO M. , NEGRI LUCIANO 
Published: December 2015

Doppler sonography is considered a reliable method for detecting reflux due to venous valvular incompetence, which occurs in varicocele. It is, however, a matter of debate whether the characteristics of this reflux can be correlated quantitatively in a clinical setting.In this study, a two‐step method was utilized to identify reflux in basal conditions with the patient standing and breathing spontaneously and to determine the time of centrifugal secondary venous reflux of the distal spermatic cord during the squeezing and relaxing maneuver. This method is closely related to that used by the vascular surgeon to detect valvular incontinence of the saphenous vein. Since Doppler sonography is much more reproducible than Valsalva's maneuver, it is therefore much more reliable.In a 12‐month period, 625 patients with pathologic findings in at least two spermiograms were studied. Thirty percent showed constant basal reflux not influenced by respiratory exhilation. The squeezing and relaxing maneuver induced secondary reflux longer than 1.6 seconds in 17%, between 0.8 and 1.6 seconds in 17% and less than 0.8 seconds in 36% of the patients.The higher sensitivity and specificity of Doppler examination compared with thermography and angiography, as well as its low cost and noninvasiveness, make this the procedure of choice in the diagnosis of venous reflux in varicocele.
Possible relation of the western North Pacific monsoon to the tropical cyclone activity over western North Pacific
Authors: Choi Jae‐Won , Kim Baek‐Jo , Zhang Renhe , Park Ki‐Jun , Kim Jeoung‐Yun , Cha Yumi , Nam Jae‐Cheol 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study examined the relationship between the western North Pacific monsoon (WNPM) and the tropical cyclone (TC) activity over western North Pacific during the summer (June to August) in a period from 1977 to 2013. According to the western North Pacific monsoon index (WNPMI), 10 years with high indices (referred to as the positive WNPMI phase) and 10 years with low indices (referred to as the negative WNPMI phase) were chosen. TCs frequently formed in the southeast quadrant of the subtropical western North Pacific in the positive WNPMI phase, and in the northwest quadrant in the negative phase. With respect to the TC track, TCs tended to move northward from the distant sea off the east coast of the Philippines towards Korea and Japan past the East China Sea in the positive WNPMI phase, whereas the characteristic pattern of the negative phase was the TC movement from the Philippines to southern China and the Indochinese peninsula over the South China Sea. As for the TC intensity, the TCs were stronger in the positive WNPMI phase than in the negative WNPMI phase. The anomalous cyclonic circulations in the south of the 30°N signified strong convection, causing the high TC genesis frequency in the positive WNPMI phase. In addition, the East China Sea, Korea and Japan were shown to be influenced by the anomalous southeasterly, which contributed as the anomalous steering flows and was favourable for the TCs to move into these regions in the positive WNPMI phase. Meanwhile, the positive anomaly of 600 hPa relative humidity and sea surface temperature as well as the negative anomaly of vertical wind shear presented in most regions of the subtropical western North Pacific, creating an environment that facilitated the generation of TCs in the positive WNPMI phase.
Chemo‐mechanics of cemented granular solids subjected to precipitation and dissolution of mineral species
Authors: Buscarnera Giuseppe , Das Arghya 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis paper studies the chemo‐mechanics of cemented granular solids in the context of continuum thermodynamics for fluid‐saturated porous media. For this purpose, an existing constitutive model formulated in the frame of the Breakage Mechanics theory is augmented to cope with reactive processes. Chemical state variables accounting for the reactions between the solid constituents and the solutes in the pore fluid are introduced to enrich the interactions among the microstructural units simulated by the model (i.e., grains and cement bonds). Two different reactive processes are studied (i.e., grain dissolution and cement precipitation), using the chemical variables to describe the progression of the reactions and track changes in the size of grains and bonds. Finally, a homogenization strategy is used to derive the energy potentials of the solid mixture, adopting probability density functions that depend on both mechanical and chemical indices. It is shown that the connection between the statistics of the micro‐scale attributes and the continuum properties of the solid enables the mathematical capture of numerous mechanical effects of lithification and chemical deterioration, such as changes in stiffness, expansion/contraction of the elastic domain, and development of inelastic strains during reaction. In particular, the model offers an interpretation of the plastic strains generated by aggressive environments, which are here interpreted as an outcome of chemically driven debonding and comminution. As a result, the model explains widely observed macroscopic signatures of geomaterial degradation by reconciling the energetics of the deformation/reaction processes with the evolving geometry of the microstructural attributes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exchange Transfusion and Leukapheresis in Pediatric Patients with AML With High Risk of Early Death by Bleeding and Leukostasis
Authors: Creutzig Ursula , Rössig Claudia , Dworzak Michael , Stary Jan , von Stackelberg Arend , Wössmann Wilhelm , Zimmermann Martin , Reinhardt Dirk 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe risk of early death (ED) by bleeding/leukostasis is high in patients with AML with hyperleukocytosis (>100,000/μl). Within the pediatric AML‐BFM (Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster) 98/04 studies, emergency strategies for these children included exchange transfusion (ET) or leukapheresis (LPh). Risk factors for ED and interventions performed were analyzed.PatientsTwo hundred thirty‐eight of 1,251 (19%) patients with AML presented with hyperleukocytosis; 23 of 1,251 (1.8%) patients died of bleeding/leukostasis.ResultsED due to bleeding/leukostasis was highest at white blood cell (WBC) count >200,000/μl (14.3%). ED rates were even higher (20%) in patients with FAB (French‐American‐British) M4/M5 and hyperleukocytosis >200,000/μl. Patients with WBC >200,000/μl did slightly better with ET/LPh compared to those without ET/LPh (ED rate 7.5% vs. 21.2%, P = 0.055). Multivariate WBC >200,000/μl was of strongest prognostic significance for ED (P(χ2) <0.0001).ConclusionOur data confirm the high risk of bleeding/leukostasis in patients with hyperleukocytosis. ET/LPh shows a trend toward reduced ED rate due to bleeding/leukostasis and is recommended at WBC >200,000/μl, and in FAB M4/M5 even at lower WBC.
Role of Second Transplantation for Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Posttransplantation Relapse
Authors: Taga Takashi , Murakami Yoshitaka , Tabuchi Ken , Adachi Souichi , Tomizawa Daisuke , Kojima Yasuko , Kato Koji , Koike Kazutoshi , Koh Katsuyoshi , Kajiwara Ryosuke , Hamamoto Kazuko , Yabe Hiromasa , Kawa Keisei , Atsuta Yoshiko , Kudo Kazuko 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundIn children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first remission is indicated for patients with a relatively high risk of relapse. Second HSCT is a curative option; however, few reports have been published about a second HSCT in children for AML with posttransplantation relapse.ProcedureUsing the database provided by the Japanese Society of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, we analyzed 46 children with AML who underwent a second allogeneic HSCT after achieving a second remission.ResultsThe median duration from the first to second HSCT was 20 months, and the source of the second HSCT was related bone marrow (BM) in 22, related peripheral blood in 6, unrelated BM in 14, and unrelated cord blood in 4 patients. Twenty‐five children eventually died of the following causes: progressive disease in 14 and transplant‐related toxicities in 9. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 41.7 ± 7.7%. An interval of less than 24 months between the first and second HSCT was a significant poor prognostic factor.ConclusionsChildren with AML who experience a relapse after HSCT in first remission have a good chance of survival with a second HSCT if a second remission is achieved.
Development of basalt fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites and effect of PE‐g‐MA on composites
Authors: Prajapati Rataram S. , Jain Sandeshkumar , Shit S.C. 
Published: December 2015

The thermoplastic matrix composites have gained great importance in last three decades. The chopped basalt fiber (mineral fiber) is considered to be a good fiber due to excellent properties as potential reinforcement of composite materials. In this work, composites of chopped basalt fiber (6 mm) with thermoplastic material Nylon‐6 (Polyamide‐6) were prepared and its mechanical and morphological properties were evaluated for automobile applications. The melt blending was carried out in corotating twin‐screw extruder and injection‐molded test samples were prepared for the analysis. The test samples of composite without coupling agent prepared by varying the loading of basalt fiber content of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight and with coupling agent composite loading of Nylon‐6 and basalt fiber content were kept constant and the coupling agent (PE‐g‐MA) loading were changed as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 phr. The Mechanical and SEM properties were evaluated. From the test results, it was observed that the mechanical properties were improved with increasing coupling agent ratio. SEM images show good dispersion and adhesion of matrix and reinforcement. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2798–2805, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Do people with borderline personality disorder complicated by antisocial personality disorder benefit from the STEPPS treatment program?
Authors: Black Donald W. , Simsek‐Duran Fatma , Blum Nancee , McCormick Brett , Allen Jeff 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSystems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) is a group treatment for persons with borderline personality disorder (BPD). We describe results from two data sets on outcome in persons who participated in STEPPS with BPD alone or BPD plus antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). In Study 1, we examined the effect of comorbid ASPD on outcome in 65 persons with BPD who participated in a randomized controlled trial at an academic medical centre. In Study 2, we examined the effect of comorbid ASPD on outcome in 64 offenders with BPD who participated in STEPPS in correctional settings. All subjects were assessed for the presence of BPD and ASPD. In Study 1, subjects with ASPD experienced greater improvement in BPD symptoms, impulsiveness and global symptoms. In Study 2, offenders with ASPD experienced greater improvement in positive and negative behaviours and positive affectivity. We conclude that persons with BPD plus ASPD benefit from STEPPS in community and correctional settings. The findings suggest that persons with BPD plus ASPD show greater improvement in some domains than persons with BPD only. People with ASPD should not be automatically excluded from participation in the program. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calorimetrische Analyse Organischer Substanzen. III. Anwendung der Methode auf ternäre Systeme ohne Mischkrystalle
Authors: Malotaux R. N. M. A. , Straub J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDie in den früheren Mitteilungen der Verfasser beschriebene Apparatur und angewendete Methodik werden auf Zuverlässigkeit geprüft. Dazu wird für ternäre Gemische der theoretische Zusammenhang zwischen Schmelzpunkttemperatur‐Zusammensetzungsdiagramm und Schmelzkurven besprochen und angegeben, wie man beide aus einander erhalten kann. Beide werden dann auch experimentell bestimmt, das Diagramm aus vielen Schmelzpunktsbestimmungen, die Schmelzkurven in der Apparatur der Verfasser ermittelt, und die Ergebnisse auf ihre Beziehung zu einander geprüft. Es zeigte sich eine befriedigende Uebereinstimmung zwischen Theorie und Versuch, wodurch die Brauchbarkeit der Methodik bestätigt wird.
p‐Bromobenzazide as a reagent for the identification of phenols
Authors: Sah Peter P. T. , Cheng Pang‐Yen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThirty‐three crystalline p‐bromophenyl‐urethanes were prepared by condensation of p‐bromobenzazide with various types of phenols in boiling ligroin solution. The yields were so very high and the melting points so distinctive that we recommend p‐bromobenzazide to be used as a micro‐reagent for the identification of phenols.
Das Lichtbrechungsvermögen der Cellulose in Funktion des Quellungsgrades
Authors: Hermans P. H. , Platzek P. 
Published: December 2015

Die von Meyer und Frey‐Wyssling bei Ramiefasern beobachtete Erscheinung, dass der Brechungsindex bei dem Quellen in Wasser weit weniger sinkt, als es nach der Wiener'schen Theorie der Mischkörper zu erwarten wäre, wird bei Messungen an isotropen Fäden auch für regenerierte Cellulose bestätigt gefunden.In Übereinstimmung mit der Ansicht dieser Autoren wird geschlossen, dass die physikalischen Voraussetzungen der Wiener'schen Theorie im System Cellulose‐Wasser nicht unter allen Umständen erfüllt sind. Die theoretische Deutung dieser Tatsache wird diskutiert. Bei höher gequollenen Fäden ab einem Wassergehalt von etwa 50 Gew. % hört die Anomalie auf und erweist sich die Newton‐Wiener'sche Mischformel wieder gut anwendbar.
The influence of liver‐extract on the oxygen consumption of mammalian erythrocytes: II. Influence of cyanide and narcotics
Authors: Overbeek G. A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract1) A distinct inhibition of the liver‐extract respiration was exerted by 12‐5 γ per cm3 potassium cyanide. Considering the low dosage, this effect must be considered as a specific inhibition of a fermentative process; the cell‐free system: haemolysed erythrocytes‐liver‐extract was inhibited in the same way.Methylene blue respiration could only be inhibited by a dose of at least 200 γ per cm3 potassium cyanide; this effect must be considered as unspecific.2) The peculiar behaviour of the methylene blue respiration with respect to the concentrations of both constituents was shown to be in accordance with the properties of the two reactions involved in methylene‐blue respiration.3) Only a very small inhibition by the narcotics, phenyl‐ and ethylurethane, was observed, either in the presence of erythrocytes or in the cell‐free system. Therefore, either dehydrogenases are involved in only a small part of the reaction, or a dehydrogenase, not inhibited by narcotics occurs in the system.The methylene blue respiration is strongly inhibited by both narcotics.4) Anaerobically the system erythrocytes‐liver‐extract did not decolorise methylene‐blue in the presence of narcotics. Therefore, dehydrogenases, which cannot be inhibited by narcotics do not occur in the system.
Sur L'influence de Circonstances Diverses sur L'étendue et la Forme des Régions D'explosion
Authors: Jorissen W. P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSi l'on veut comparer utilement entre elles des régions d'explosion, il est désirable que celles‐ci soient déterminées avec le même appareil, de la même manière et dans les mêmes conditions.
Design and analysis of trials with a partially nested design and a binary outcome measure
Authors: Roberts Chris , Batistatou Evridiki , Roberts Stephen A. 
Published: December 2015

Where treatments are administered to groups of patients or delivered by therapists, outcomes for patients in the same group or treated by the same therapist may be more similar, leading to clustering. Trials of such treatments should take account of this effect. Where such a treatment is compared with an un‐clustered treatment, the trial has a partially nested design. This paper compares statistical methods for this design where the outcome is binary.Investigation of consistency reveals that a random coefficient model with a random effect for group or therapist is not consistent with other methods for a null treatment effect, and so this model is not recommended for this design. Small sample performance of a cluster‐adjusted test of proportions, a summary measures test and logistic generalised estimating equations and random intercept models are investigated through simulation. The expected treatment effect is biased for the logistic models. Empirical test size of two‐sided tests is raised only slightly, but there are substantial biases for one‐sided tests. Three formulae are proposed for calculating sample size and power based on (i) the difference of proportions, (ii) the log‐odds ratio or (iii) the arc‐sine transformation of proportions. Calculated power from these formulae is compared with empirical power from a simulations study.Logistic models appeared to perform better than those based on proportions with the likelihood ratio test performing best in the range of scenarios considered. For these analyses, the log‐odds ratio method of calculation of power gave an approximate lower limit for empirical power. © 2015 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Die Dunkelreaktion zwischen Natriumformiat und Jod
Authors: v. Kiss Á. , Urmánczy A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEs wird der Mechanismus der Reaktion zwischen Natriumformiat und Jod angegeben und die Geschwindigkeit dieser Reaktion in reinem Wasser und in KBr−, KCI− und KJ‐Lösungen bei 15°, 25°, 35° und 45° C im Dunkeln gemessen.
Genotype by environment interaction for seed yield in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model
Authors: Nowosad Kamila , Liersch Alina , Popławska Wiesława , Bocianowski Jan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess genotype by environment interaction for seed yield in rapeseed cultivars grown in West Poland by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The study comprised 25 rapeseed genotypes (15 F1 CMS ogura hybrids, their parental lines and two varieties: Californium and Hercules F1), analyzed in five localities through field trials arranged in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Seed yield of the tested genotypes varied from 15.9 to 80.99 dt/ha throughout the five environments/localities, with an average of 39.69 dt/ha. In the variance analysis, 69.82 % of the total yield variation was explained by environment, 13.67 % by differences between genotypes, and 8.15 % by genotype by environment interaction. Seed yield is highly influenced by environmental factors. Due to high influence of the environment on yield high adaptability of the genome is required.
Investigating the Influence of the Initial Biomass Distribution and Injection Strategies on Biofilm-Mediated Calcite Precipitation in Porous Media
Authors: Hommel Johannes , Lauchnor Ellen , Gerlach Robin , Cunningham Alfred B. , Ebigbo Anozie , Helmig Rainer , Class Holger 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Attachment of bacteria in porous media is a complex mixture of processes resulting in the transfer and immobilization of suspended cells onto a solid surface within the porous medium. Quantifying the rate of attachment is difficult due to the many simultaneous processes possibly involved in attachment, including straining, sorption, and sedimentation, and the difficulties in measuring metabolically active cells attached to porous media. Preliminary experiments confirmed the difficulty associated with measuring active Sporosarcina pasteurii cells attached to porous media. However, attachment is a key process in applications of biofilm-mediated reactions in the subsurface such as microbially induced calcite precipitation. Independent of the exact processes involved, attachment determines both the distribution and the initial amount of attached biomass and as such the initial reaction rate. As direct experimental investigations are difficult, this study is limited to a numerical investigation of the effect of various initial biomass distributions and initial amounts of attached biomass. This is performed for various injection strategies, changing the injection rate as well as alternating between continuous and pulsed injections. The results of this study indicate that, for the selected scenarios, both the initial amount and the distribution of attached biomass have minor influence on the Ca

$$^{2+}$$

2
+

precipitation efficiency as well as the distribution of the precipitates compared to the influence of the injection strategy. The influence of the initial biomass distribution on the resulting final distribution of the precipitated calcite is limited, except for the continuous injection at intermediate injection rate. But even for this injection strategy, the Ca

$$^{2+}$$

2
+

precipitation efficiency shows no significant dependence on the initial biomass distribution.
Global Crime Governance: Perspektiven und Grenzen transnationaler Kooperation
Authors: Jakobi Anja P. , Haunschild Jasmin 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Bekämpfung transnationaler Kriminalität ist ein wichtiger Teilbereich internationaler Politik, allerdings mit unklarer Erfolgsbilanz. Dieser Beitrag zeigt Möglichkeiten und Limitationen der grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit auf. So gehen erweiterte Kompetenzen staatlicher und nichtstaatlicher Akteure einher mit wenig Wissen um den Erfolg von Maßnahmen, divergierenden Interessen und Aufgaben, oder mangelnden Möglichkeiten, die Ursachen transnationaler Kriminalität zu bekämpfen. Anhand der Beispiele Menschenhandel/-schmuggel sowie Cyberkriminalität zeigen wir dabei auf, worin Schwierigkeiten der Einigung auf und der erfolgreichen Durchsetzung von effektiven Gegenmaßnahmen bestehen.