bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Responsive CuLi1/3Ti2/3O2 Powders Prepared by a Molten CuCl Treatment of Li2TiO3 for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution and Z‐Schematic Water Splitting.
Authors: Iwashina Katsuya , Iwase Akihide , Nozawa Shunsuke , Adachi Shin‐ichi , Kudo Akihiko 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCuLi1/3Ti2/3O2 powders with hexagonal and trigonal delafossite structures are prepared by treating cubic Li2TiO3 and monoclinic Li2TiO3 with molten CuCl, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Nature‐Inspired Design of Artificial Solar‐to‐Fuel Conversion Systems Based on Copper Phosphate Microflowers.
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhu Ting , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCopper phosphate micrometer‐scale flower structures are generated on copper foils by corrosion with phosphoric acid and used as templates for deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Controllable Doping of Nitrogen and Tetravalent Niobium Affords Yellow and Black Calcium Niobate Nanosheets for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.
Authors: Zhou Yannan , Wen Ting , Guo Yanzhen , Yang Baocheng , Wang Yonggang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractYellow N‐doped and black N‐/Nb4+‐doped KCa2Nb3O10 nanosheets with molecular thickness are prepared by liquid exfoliation of layered KCa2Nb3O10 with controllable nitrogen and tetravalent niobium doping.
ChemInform Abstract: Compositional and Structural Versatility in an Unusual Family of anti‐Perovskite Fluorides: [Cu(H2O)4]3 [(MF6)(M′F6)].
Authors: Felder Justin B. , Yeon Jeongho , Smith Mark D. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCrystals of the anti‐Perovskites (III), (V), (VIII), (IX), and (X) are hydrothermally prepared with yields greater than 90% and characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: A Theophylline Based Copper N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex: Synthesis and Activity Studies in Green Media.
Authors: Szadkowska Anna , Staszko Sebastian , Zaorska Ewelina , Pawlowski Robert 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe new catalyst is found to be active in alkyne‐azide cycloaddition reactions (CuAAC) leading to compound (III) and Glaser homo‐coupling reactions leading to compound (V) in aqueous media at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Intermolecular Diamination and Aminooxygenation of Alkenes with Saccharin.
Authors: Martinez Claudio , Perez Edwin G. , Iglesias Alvaro , Escudero‐Adan Eduardo C. , Muniz Kilian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNewly synthesized bissaccharido palladium complexes are investigated as catalysts in the vicinal difunctionalization of terminal alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Dodecanoyl Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives as Useful Synthons in the Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazole, 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole, and 1,3‐Benzothiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Hemdan Magdy M. , Abou Elmagd Wael S. I. , Samy Sandy S. , Youssef Ahmed S. A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe easily accessible thiosemicarbazide (IIIa) proves to be a useful building block for the synthesis of a variety of heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Magnetic Solid Acid Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of New Bulky Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Nasr‐Esfahani Masoud , Rafiee Zahra , Montazerozohori Morteza , Kashi Hassan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSome new bulky heterocycles such as bis(imidazole), bis(pyridine), bis(xanthene), and bis(acridine) are prepared using non‐toxic and environmentally friendly Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with maleic anhydride‐functionalized aminopropyltriethoxysilane as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ferrocene‐Based P,S Ligands for Ir‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Minimally Functionalized Olefins. Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Biosca Maria , Coll Merce , Lagarde Florian , Bremond Emma , Routaboul Lucie , Manoury Eric , Pamies Oscar , Poli Rinaldo , Dieguez Montserrat 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTwelve iridium complexes with planar chiral ferrocenes, e.g. TBSF and DMPF, are prepared and tested as catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of different alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Azinylmethanes for Access to Trifluoromethylazinylols.
Authors: Zheng Gang , Liu Hao , Wang Mang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed protocol is presented without the addition of ligands or additives to give aldehydes or trifluoromethylazinylols.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active and Robust Metalloporphyrin Catalysts for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from a Broad Range of Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Shimonishi Junta , Miyazaki Ray , Hasegawa Jun‐ya , Ema Tadashi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe title reaction is successfully applied to mono‐ and 1,1‐ as well as 1,2‐disubstituted terminal and internal epoxides as well as diepoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Boride Mediated Cleavage of 1,3‐Oxathiolanes: A Convenient Approach to Deprotection and Reduction.
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Magoo Devanshi , Dawra Kiran 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA combination of NiCl2 and NaBH4 allows the convenient and efficient deprotection of oxathiolanes to restore the corresponding carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Dihalogenation and the Selective Synthesis of (‐)‐Deschloromytilipin A and (‐)‐Danicalipin A.
Authors: Landry Matthew L. , Hu Dennis X. , McKenna Grace M. , Burns Noah Z. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA titanium‐based catalytic enantioselective dichlorination of simple allylic alcohols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of syn‐2‐Amino‐1,3‐diols via Organocatalytic Sequential oxa‐Michael/α‐Amination Reactions of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Weng Jiang , Huang Lin‐Jie , Long Liang , Xu Ling‐Yi , Lu Gui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA one‐pot sequential oxa‐Michael/α‐amination reaction through combining iminium and enamine activation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Transfer Hydrogenation of β‐Amino Nitroolefins.
Authors: Ferraro Antonino , Bernardi Luca , Fochi Mariafrancesca 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe asymmetric organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation of β‐acetylamino and β‐Boc‐amino nitroolefins is realized in high yields and enantioselectivities using a thiourea catalyst and a Hantzsch ester as hydrogen source.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Monoarylation of Primary Anilines Catalyzed by Pd(dippf) and Its Application in OLED Component Synthesis.
Authors: Gruenberg Matthias F. , Jia Fan , Rivas‐Nass Andreas , Goossen Lukas J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPd(dippf) complexes (PDM) are found to promote the monoarylation of primary anilines (I) with unprecedented selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Polyacrylamide Containing a Phosphorus Ligand as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Three‐Component Synthesis of Propargylamines in Water.
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad , Hamed Fatemeh , Najera Carmen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPropargylamines are prepared by three‐component coupling of amines, aldehydes, and phenylacetylene in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chemoselective ipso‐Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids Using Urea‐Hydrogen Peroxide under Catalyst Free Condition.
Authors: Gupta Surabhi , Chaudhary Priyanka , Srivastava Vandana , Kandasamy Jeyakumar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSensitive functional groups such as olefin, aldehyde, alcohol, ketone as well as heterocycles are tolerated under the standard conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Aminocarbonylation of Iodobenzene in the Presence of SILP‐Palladium Catalysts.
Authors: Papp M. , Szabo P. , Sranko D. , Skoda‐Foeldes R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHeterogeneous palladium catalysts prepared by immobilization of palladium on supported ionic liquid phases are effectively used as reusable catalyst for the synthesis of carboxylic amides.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Example of Catalytic Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐Substituted Tetraoxazaspiroalkanes.
Authors: Makhmudiyarova Nataliya N. , Khatmullina Guzeliya M. , Rakhimov Rustem Sh. , Meshcheryakova Ekaterina S. , Ibragimov Askhat G. , Dzhemilev Usein M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA Sm(NO3)3‐catalyzed ring transformation of pentaoxaspiroalkanes with aromatic amines provides N‐aryltetraoxazaspiroalkanes efficiently.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Monoamine Oxidase‐Catalyzed Oxidative Aza‐Friedel—Crafts Reactions of meso‐Pyrrolidines in Aqueous Buffer.
Authors: de Graaff Corien , Oppelaar Barry , Peruch Olivier , Vande Velde Christophe M. L. , Bechi Beatrice , Turner Nicholas J. , Ruijter Eelco , Orru Romano V. A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn one‐pot chemoenzymatic oxidative aza‐Friedel—Crafts reaction for the direct α‐functionalization of pyrrolidines including both secondary as well as tertiary amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Aged Precatalyst Solution Leads to High Catalytic Activity: Oxidative Cyclization of 1,5‐Dienes Using ppm Amounts of Ruthenium.
Authors: Adrian Juliane , Roth Stefanie , Stark Christian B. W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTetrahydrofuran diols are diastereoselectively prepared by highly efficient oxidative cyclization from simple achiral 1,5‐dienes using an aged aqueous solution of ruthenium(III) chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for C—H Functionalization of Aliphatic Compounds by an Unusual Photochemical Reaction of Diazoketones Without Elimination of Nitrogen.
Authors: Rodina Liudmila L. , Galkina Olesia S. , Maas Gerhard , Platz Matthew S. , Nikolaev Valerij A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBenzophenone‐sensitized reactions of diazotetrahydrofuranones with H‐donors like tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, cyclohexane, and diethyl ether, occur without elimination of nitrogen and give rise to the formation of N‐substituted hydrazones or bis‐hydrazonoethanes, due to a formal insertion of the terminal N‐atom of the diazo group into α‐C‐H bonds of ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of (E)‐1,6‐Enynes.
Authors: Deng Xu , Ni Shao‐Fei , Han Zheng‐Yu , Guan Yu‐Qing , Lv Hui , Dang Li , Zhang Xu‐Mu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA Rh(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric cycloisomerization of (E)‐1,6‐enynes is developed to afford various highly functionalized five‐membered cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Vinyl‐2‐(trifluoroacetylethynyl)pyrroles and E‐2‐(1‐Bromo‐2‐trifluoroacetylethenyl)pyrroles: Cross‐Coupling vs. Addition During C—H‐Functionalization of Pyrroles with Bromotrifluoroacetylacetylene in Solid Al2O3 Medium. H‐Bonding Control.
Authors: Tomilin Denis N. , Gotsko Maxim D. , Sobenina Lyubov N. , Ushakov Igor A. , Afonin Andrey V. , Soshnikov Dmitri Yu. , Trofimov Alexander B. , Koldobsky Andrey B. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDepending on the substituent character at the nitrogen atom, pyrroles react acetylene (II) in two different directions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium—Polypyrrole Nanocomposites Pd@PPy for Direct C—H Functionalization of Pyrroles and Imidazoles with Bromoarenes.
Authors: Bizouard Pierre , Testa Christelle , Zinovyeva Veronika A. , Roger Julien , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe direct arylation of substituted pyrroles and imidazoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Alkylation of Pyrazol‐3‐ones with Isatin‐Derived Ketimines: Stereocontrolled Construction of Vicinal Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters.
Authors: Amr Fares Ibrahim , Vila Carlos , Blay Gonzalo , Munoz M. Carmen , Pedro Jose R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe title reaction is efficiently catalyzed by a quinine‐derived thiourea, providing a variety of aminooxindole‐pyrazolone adducts containing congested vicinal tetrasubstituted stereocenters with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Ecofriendly Synthesis of Pyrazole Acryloyl Analogues by Amino Acid Catalysis.
Authors: Chaudhry Faryal , Asif Nadia , Shafqat Syed Salman , Khan Amir Azam , Munawar Munawar Ali , Khan Misbahul Ain 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGlycine is successfully employed as a proper catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes (I) with active methylene compounds such as (II), (IV) and (VI) to yield pyrazole acryloyl analogues efficiently.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Performance of Hydrophobic Sulfonated Nanocatalysts CMK‐5‐SO3H and SBA‐15‐Ph‐PrSO3H for Ecofriendly Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles in Water.
Authors: Zareyee Daryoush , Tuyehdarvary Sakineh Rostamian , Allahgholipour Leila , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Khalilzadeh Mohammad A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe title benzimidazoles are prepared from various aldehydes and benzenediamine under green reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Quickly FeCl3‐Catalyzed Highly Chemo‐ and Stereo‐Selective [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloaddition of Aziridines with Isothiocyanates
Authors: Gao Lingfeng , Fu Kai , Zheng Gengxiu 
Published: September 2016

Abstractaffording a wide range of thiazolidinylideneanilines in two up to five minutes
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylations in 4‐Pyrone Systems: 2,6‐Diaryl‐3,5‐dibromo‐4‐pyrones and Kojic Acid.
Authors: Ghasemi Zarrin , Poorhossain Mejarshin Fatemeh , Fathi Zahra , Shahrisa Aziz 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe reaction of commercially available kojic acid with aryl bromides (II) under catalysis of a Pd—NHC complex results in the C‐6 arylated products (III) in moderate yields, whereas the coupling of imidazole and benzimidazole with 2,6‐diaryl‐3,5‐dibromo‐4‐pyrones (IV) produces C‐3 monosubstituted products under similar conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoroacetic Acid Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Bromocyclization of Styrene‐Type Carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Chen Tao , Yeung Ying‐Yeung 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA trifluoroacetic acid catalyzed highly 6‐endo regioselective bromocyclization of styrene‐type carboxylic acid is developed to synthesize 3,4‐dihydroisocoumarine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A First Example of Cobalt‐Catalyzed Remote C—H Functionalization of 8‐Aminoquinolines Operating Through a Single Electron Transfer Mechanism.
Authors: Whiteoak Christopher J. , Planas Oriol , Company Anna , Ribas Xavi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA novel Co‐catalyzed remote nitration protocol for the preparation of 5‐ and 7‐nitro‐8‐aminoquinolines using installable and removable ancillary groups is described.
ChemInform Abstract: (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative [4 + 2] Annulation of N—H Imines with Alkynes: Straightforward Synthesis of Multisubstituted Isoquinolines.
Authors: Zhang Shang‐Shi , Liu Xu‐Ge , Chen Shi‐Yong , Tan Dong‐Hang , Jiang Chun‐Yong , Wu Jia‐Qiang , Li Qingjiang , Wang Honggen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe title reaction shows broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and generally good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Annulation Reactions of 7‐Azaindoles with Electron‐Deficient Olefins via Double C—H Activation.
Authors: Li Shuai‐Shuai , Lin Hui , Liu Chen‐Fei , Xia Ying‐Qi , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Dong Lin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn tandem annulation reaction using 7‐azaindole as the directing group is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Sigamatropic Rearrangement/1,3‐H Shift/6π Aza‐Electrocyclization of N‐Propargylic Hydrazones: A Mild Synthetic Route to 1,6‐Dihydropyridazines.
Authors: Ding Zong‐Cang , Ju Lu‐Chuan , Yang Ying , An Xiao‐Ming , Zhou Yun‐Bing , Li Ren‐Hao , Tang Hai‐Tao , Ding Cheng‐Ke , Zhan Zhuang‐Ping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA highly efficient [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement/1,3‐H shift/6π aza‐electrocyclization cascade reaction of N‐propargylic hydrazones leads to functionalized 1,6‐dihydropyridazines.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Based Ionic Liquids: Green and Recyclable Catalysts for the Synthesis of Barbituric and Thiobarbituric Acid Derivatives in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Seyyedi Narges , Shirini Farhad , Nikoo Langarudi Mohaddeseh Safarpoor 
Published: September 2016

AbstractArylidine barbituric and thiobarbituric acids are prepared by reaction of barbituric acid and its thio‐analogue with various aldehydes under green reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Regioselective C(sp2)—H Trifluoromethylation of Pyrimidinones and Pyridinones.
Authors: Zhang Pei‐Zhi , Li Cheng‐Kun , Zhang Guo‐Yu , Zhang Ling , Jiang Yao‐Jia , Zou Jian‐Ping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSteric hindrance due to bulky groups adjacent to the position of attack by the trifluoromethyl radical decreases the yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Antitumor 3,4,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐2H‐pyrimido[1,6‐c]quinazolin‐2‐imine Derivatives via Reductive Dearomatization‐Initiated Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Zheng Canhui , et al.  
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe title compounds show good inhibitory activity against specific kinases and human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Amine Reagents for the Photocatalytic Synthesis of Piperazines from Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Hsieh Sheng‐Ying , Bode Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVarious silicon amines undergo photocatalytic cross‐coupling with a wide range of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes to give piperazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem‐Cyclization of Functionalized Ynamides: An Approach to Benzosultams.
Authors: Siva Reddy Alla , Siva Kumari A. Leela , Saha Soumen , Kumara Swamy K. C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA novel synthetic strategy for a wide range of pharmaceutically attractive benzosultams by Pd‐catalyzed nucleophilic attack on functionalized ynamides is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile, Odorless, Quantitative Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐thiazines.
Authors: Mari Giacomo , Favi Gianfranco , Crescentini Lucia De , Santeusanio Stefania , Attanasi Orazio A. , Mantellini Fabio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA sulfa‐Michael addition/formal [3+3] annulation cascade reaction between diazadienes and dithianediol by a one‐pot base‐promoted strategy provides a metal‐free and facile approach to thiazines in total atom economy and quantitative yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Promoted Cinnamamidyl Radical‐Mediated Oxidative Cascade Cyclization: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Phosphorylated Azaspiro[4.5]decenones.
Authors: Zhou Zhao‐Zhao , Zheng Lan , Yan Xiao‐Biao , Jin Dong‐Po , He Yu‐Tao , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn oxidative cyclization of N‐anisylsulfonylated propynamides with phosphites leads to oxoazaspiro[4.5]decenephosponates through a cascade phosphorylation/1,5‐aryl migration/desulfonylation/dearomatization sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Functionalization in Nicholas Reactions of Vinylogous γ‐Carbonyl Cations.
Authors: Mahmood Aqsa , Ngenzi Rebecca , Penner Page M. , Green James R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNicholas reactions of enynoate‐Co2(CO)6 complexes are demonstrated to give ε‐functionalized carbonyl compounds with high selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Astraeusins A—L, Lanostane Triterpenoids from the Edible Mushroom Astraeus odoratus
Authors: Isaka Masahiko , Palasarn Somporn , Srikitikulchai Prasert , Vichai Vanicha , Komwijit Somjit 
Published: September 2016

Abstractexamples shown
ChemInform Abstract: A Depsidone and Six Triterpenoids from the Bark of Garcinia celebica.
Authors: Bui Thai Q. , Bui An T. , Nguyen Kien T. , Nguyen Vy T. , Trinh Binh T.D. , Nguyen Lien‐Hoa D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe new depsidone, garcinisidone H (I), and six novel triterpenoids (II‐VII) are isolated from the bark of Garcinia celebica along with twelve known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Catalytic Performance of Bimetallic Nickel‐Cobalt Loaded Low‐Content Au Catalyst Toward Ethanol Electro‐Oxidation
Authors: Yu Cheng , Yan Zhaoxiong , Zhu Lihong , Wen Juan , Wang Hongqiang , Xu Zhihua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractReview: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Benzimidazole Scaffolds: Privileged Heterocycle for Drug Design in Therapeutic Medicine
Authors: Ajani Olayinka O. , Aderohunmu Damilola V. , Ikpo Chinwe O. , Adedapo Adebusayo E. , Olanrewaju Ifedolapo O. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractReview: [270 refs.
Hydrogen Bonding and Stability of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites
Authors: El‐Mellouhi Fedwa , Marzouk Asma , Bentria El Tayeb , Rashkeev Sergey N. , Kais Sabre , Alharbi Fahhad H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the past few years, the efficiency of solar cells based on hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites has exceeded the level needed for commercialization. However, existing perovskites solar cells (PSCs) suffer from several intrinsic instabilities, which prevent them from reaching industrial maturity, and stabilizing PSCs has become a critically important problem. Here we propose to stabilize PSCs chemically by strengthening the interactions between the organic cation and inorganic anion of the perovskite framework. In particular, we show that replacing the methylammonium cation with alternative protonated cations allows an increase in the stability of the perovskite by forming strong hydrogen bonds with the halide anions. This interaction also provides opportunities for tuning the electronic states near the bandgap. These mechanisms should have a universal character in different hybrid organic–inorganic framework materials that are widely used.
Evaluating potential trade‐offs among fuel treatment strategies in mixed‐conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada
Authors: Stevens Jens T. , Collins Brandon M. , Long Jonathan W. , North Malcolm P. , Prichard Susan J. , Tarnay Leland W. , White Angela M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFuel treatments in fire‐suppressed mixed‐conifer forests are designed to moderate potential wildfire behavior and effects. However, the objectives for modifying potential fire effects can vary widely, from improving fire suppression efforts and protecting infrastructure, to reintroducing low‐severity fire, to restoring and maintaining variable forest structure and wildlife habitat. In designing a fuel treatment, managers can alter the treatment's prescription, placement, and extent (collectively the “treatment strategy”) to optimally meet one objective. However, the potential for trade‐offs among different objectives is rarely tested systematically in fire‐prone landscapes. To evaluate trade‐offs in mechanical fuel treatment objectives related to fire severity, smoke production, forest heterogeneity, and avian wildlife habitat, we used a cross‐platform modeling approach based on spatially explicit modifications of forest structure data for a 7820‐ha landscape in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California. We examine whether (1) a more uniform treatment strategy aimed at fire hazard reduction (FHR) had negative effects on wildlife diversity, (2) a strategy focused on protecting the wildland–urban interface (WUI) left other portions of the landscape vulnerable to high‐severity fire, and (3) increasing the extent of fuel treatments across the landscape led to greater reductions in fire severity and smoke emissions. When approximately 13% of the landscape was treated, the proportion of the landscape vulnerable to high‐severity fire decreased by 13–44%, with the more uniform FHR strategy leading to greater reductions. Slight increases in predicted avian species richness that followed all treatment strategies were not closely linked to increases in canopy variability. TheWUIprotection strategy led to considerable reductions in fire severity at the landscape scale. Increasing the extent of treatments to 30% of the landscape did little to further reduce the area vulnerable to high‐severity fire, with additional reductions of 4–7% depending on the prescription. However, increasing the extent of treatments reduced the extent of harmful downwind smoke impacts, primarily by reducing rate of fire spread. Treatment strategies will depend on specific management objectives, but we illustrate that trade‐offs are not necessarily inherent in general outcomes of fuel treatments.