bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underdiagnosing of antibody‐mediated transfusion‐related acute lung injury: evaluation of cellular‐based versus bead‐based techniques
Authors: van Stein D. , Beckers E. A. M. , Peters A. L. , Porcelijn L. , Middelburg R. A. , Lardy N. M. , van Rhenen D. J. , Vlaar A. P. J. 
Published: March 2016

Background and objectivesTransfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion‐related mortality. To support the diagnosis of antibody‐mediated TRALI, HLA and HNA antibodies are tested in involved blood donors. Identification of antibody positive donors is important as exclusion of these donors is part of preventative strategies against TRALI. We compared cellular‐based versus bead‐based techniques for diagnosis of antibody‐mediated TRALI.Materials and methodsAll reported TRALI cases in the Netherlands during a 5‐year period were evaluated. Donors were screened for the presence of HLA class I and class II antibodies using both cellular‐based and bead‐based techniques.ResultsIn total, 100 TRALI cases were reported of which 91 were fully tested. In 113 donors, HLA antibodies were detected of which 84 were only detected by bead‐based techniques, 12 only by cellular‐based tests and 17 by both assays. Antibody‐mediated TRALI was diagnosed in 44 of 91 reported cases. Twenty‐one (48%) of these cases would not have been identified using only cellular‐based assays.ConclusionBead‐based techniques show a higher sensitivity for detecting incompatible donors in TRALI cases than cellular‐based assays. These results suggest that the use of bead‐based assays will result in a significant reduction of future TRALI reactions as more antibody positive donors will be excluded from future donations.
A sexually dimorphic effect of cholera toxin: rapid changes in colonic motility mediated via a 5‐HT3 receptor‐dependent pathway in female C57Bl/6 mice
Authors: Balasuriya Gayathri K. , Hill‐Yardin Elisa L. , Gershon Michael D. , Bornstein Joel C. 
Published: March 2016

Key points
Cholera causes more than 100,000 deaths each year as a result of severe diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration due to the actions of cholera toxin; more females than males are affected.
Cholera toxin induces hypersecretion via release of mucosal serotonin and over‐activation of enteric neurons, but its effects on gastrointestinal motility are not well characterized.
We found that cholera toxin rapidly and reversibly reduces colonic motility in female mice in oestrus, but not in males or females in prooestrus, an effect mediated by 5‐HT in the colonic mucosa and by 5‐HT3 receptors.
We show that the number of mucosal enterochromaffin cells containing 5‐HT changes with the oestrous cycle in mice.
These findings indicate that cholera toxin's effects on motility are rapid and depend on the oestrous cycle and therefore can help us better understand differences in responses in males and female patients.
AbstractExtensive studies of the mechanisms responsible for the hypersecretion produced by cholera toxin (CT) have shown that this toxin produces a massive over‐activation of enteric neural secretomotor circuits. The effects of CT on gastrointestinal motility, however, have not been adequately characterized. We investigated effects of luminal CT on neurally mediated motor activity in ex vivo male and female mouse full length colon preparations. We used video recording and spatiotemporal maps of contractile activity to quantify colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) and resting colonic diameter. We compared effects of CT in female colon from wild‐type and mice lacking tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1KO). We also compared CMMCs in colons of female mice in oestrus with those in prooestrus. In female (but not male) colon, CT rapidly, reversibly and concentration‐dependently inhibits CMMC frequency and induces a tonic constriction. These effects were blocked by granisetron (5‐HT3 antagonist) and were absent from TPH1KO females. CT effects were prominent at oestrus but absent at prooestrus. The number of EC cells containing immunohistochemically demonstrable serotonin (5‐HT) was 30% greater in female mice during oestrus than during prooestrus or in males. We conclude that CT inhibits CMMCs via release of mucosal 5‐HT, which activates an inhibitory pathway involving 5‐HT3 receptors. This effect is sex‐ and oestrous cycle‐dependent and is probably due to an oestrous cycle‐dependent change in the number of 5‐HT‐containing EC cells in the colonic mucosa.
A Chemotaxis Receptor Modulates Nodulation during the Azorhizobium caulinodans-Sesbania rostrata Symbiosis
Authors: Jiang Nan , Liu Wei , Li Yan , Wu Hailong , Zhang Zhenhai , Alexandre Gladys , Elmerich Claudine , Xie Zhihong 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Azorhizobium caulinodans
ORS571 is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium which can induce nitrogen-fixing nodules both on the root and the stem of its legume host
Sesbania rostrata
. This bacterium, which is an obligate aerobe that moves by means of a polar flagellum, possesses a single chemotaxis signal transduction pathway. The objective of this work was to examine the role that chemotaxis and aerotaxis play in the lifestyle of the bacterium in free-living and symbiotic conditions. In bacterial chemotaxis, chemoreceptors sense environmental changes and transmit this information to the chemotactic machinery to guide motile bacteria to preferred niches. Here, we characterized a chemoreceptor of
A. caulinodans
containing an N-terminal PAS domain, named IcpB. IcpB is a soluble heme-binding protein that localized at the cell poles. An
icpB
mutant strain was impaired in sensing oxygen gradients and in chemotaxis response to organic acids. Compared to the wild-type strain, the
icpB
mutant strain was also affected in the production of extracellular polysaccharides and impaired in flocculation. When inoculated alone, the
icpB
mutant induced nodules on
S. rostrata
, but the nodules formed were smaller and had reduced N
2
-fixing activity. The
icpB
mutant failed to nodulate its host when inoculated competitively with the wild-type strain. Together, the results identify chemotaxis and sensing of oxygen by IcpB as key regulators of the
A. caulinodans
-
S. rostrata
symbiosis.

IMPORTANCE
Bacterial chemotaxis has been implicated in the establishment of various plant-microbe associations, including that of rhizobial symbionts with their legume host. The exact signal(s) detected by the motile bacteria that guide them to their plant hosts remain poorly characterized.
Azorhizobium caulinodans
ORS571 is a diazotroph that is a motile and chemotactic rhizobial symbiont of
Sesbania rostrata
, where it forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on both the roots and the stems of the legume host. We identify here a chemotaxis receptor sensing oxygen in
A. caulinodans
that is critical for nodulation and nitrogen fixation on the stems and roots of
S. rostrata
. These results identify oxygen sensing and chemotaxis as key regulators of the
A. caulinodans-S. rostrata
symbiosis.
Silica-Induced Protein (Sip) in Thermophilic Bacterium Thermus thermophilus Responds to Low Iron Availability
Authors: Fujino Yasuhiro , Nagayoshi Yuko , Iwase Makoto , Yokoyama Takushi , Ohshima Toshihisa , Doi Katsumi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Thermus thermophilus
HB8 expresses silica-induced protein (Sip) when cultured in medium containing supersaturated silicic acids. Using genomic information, Sip was identified as a Fe
3+
-binding ABC transporter. Detection of a 1-kb hybridized band in Northern analysis revealed that
sip
transcription is monocistronic and that
sip
has its own terminator and promoter. The sequence of the
sip
promoter showed homology with that of the σ
A
-dependent promoter, which is known as a housekeeping promoter in HB8. Considering that
sip
is transcribed when supersaturated silicic acids are added, the existence of a repressor is presumed. DNA microarray analysis suggested that supersaturated silicic acids and iron deficiency affect
Thermus
cells similarly, and enhanced
sip
transcription was detected under both conditions. This suggested that
sip
transcription was initiated by iron deficiency and that the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) controlled the transcription. Three Fur gene homologues (TTHA0255, TTHA0344, and TTHA1292) have been annotated in the HB8 genome, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the TTHA0344 product interacts with the
sip
promoter region. In medium containing supersaturated silicic acids, free Fe
3+
levels were decreased due to Fe
3+
immobilization on colloidal silica. This suggests that, because Fe
3+
ions are captured by colloidal silica in geothermal water,
Thermus
cells are continuously exposed to the risk of iron deficiency. Considering that Sip is involved in iron acquisition, Sip production may be a strategy to survive under conditions of low iron availability in geothermal water.

IMPORTANCE
The thermophilic bacterium
Thermus thermophilus
HB8 produces silica-induced protein (Sip) in the presence of supersaturated silicic acids. Sip has homology with iron-binding ABC transporter; however, the mechanism by which Sip expression is induced by silicic acids remains unexplained. We demonstrate that Sip captures iron and its transcription is regulated by the repressor ferric uptake regulator (Fur). This implies that Sip is expressed with iron deficiency. In addition, it is suggested that negatively charged colloidal silica in supersaturated solution absorbs Fe
3+
ions and decreases iron availability. Considering that geothermal water contains ample silicic acids, it is suggested that thermophilic bacteria are always facing iron starvation. Sip production may be a strategy for surviving under conditions of low iron availability in geothermal water.
Novel Cupriavidus Strains Isolated from Root Nodules of Native Uruguayan Mimosa Species
Authors: Platero Raúl , James Euan K. , Rios Cecilia , Iriarte Andrés , Sandes Laura , Zabaleta María , Battistoni Federico , Fabiano Elena 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe large legume genusMimosais known to be associated with both alphaproteobacterial and betaproteobacterial symbionts, depending on environment and plant taxonomy, e.g., Brazilian species are preferentially nodulated byBurkholderia, whereas those in Mexico are associated with alphaproteobacterial symbionts. Little is known, however, about the symbiotic preferences ofMimosaspp. at the southern subtropical limits of the genus. In the present study, rhizobia were isolated from field-collected nodules fromMimosaspecies that are native to a region in southern Uruguay. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the 16S rRNA,recA, andgyrBcore genome and thenifHandnodAsymbiosis-essential loci confirmed that all the isolates belonged to the genusCupriavidus. However, none were in the well-described symbiotic speciesC. taiwanensis, but instead they were closely related to other species, such asC. necator, and to species not previously known to be symbiotic (or diazotrophic), such asC. basilensisandC. pinatubonensis. Selection of these novelCupriavidussymbionts by UruguayanMimosaspp. is most likely due to their geographical separation from their Brazilian cousins and to the characteristics of the soils in which they were found.IMPORTANCEWith the aim of exploring the diversity of rhizobia associated with nativeMimosaspecies, symbionts were isolated from root nodules on fiveMimosaspecies that are native to a region in southern Uruguay, Sierra del Abra de Zabaleta. In contrast to data obtained in the major centers of diversification of the genusMimosa, Brazil and Mexico, where it is mainly associated withBurkholderiaandRhizobium/Ensifer, respectively, the present study has shown that all the isolated symbiotic bacteria belonged to the genusCupriavidus. Interestingly, none of nodules contained bacteria belonging to the well-described symbiotic speciesC. taiwanensis, but instead they were related to otherCupriavidusspecies such asC. necatorandC. pinatubonensis. These data suggest the existence of a higher diversity within beta-rhizobialCupriavidusthan was previously suspected, and thatMimosaspp. from Sierra del Abra de Zabaleta, may be natural reservoirs for novel rhizobia.
Indirect measure of visceral adiposity ‘A Body Shape Index’ (ABSI) is associated with arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bouchi Ryotaro , Asakawa Masahiro , Ohara Norihiko , Nakano Yujiro , Takeuchi Takato , Murakami Masanori , Sasahara Yuriko , Numasawa Mitsuyuki , Minami Isao , Izumiyama Hajime , Hashimoto Koshi , Yoshimoto Takanobu , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveAmong indirect measures of visceral adiposity, A Body Shape Index (ABSI), which is defined as waist circumference (WC)/(body mass index (BMI)2/3×height1/2), is unique in that ABSI is positively correlated with visceral adiposity and is supposed to be independent of BMI. ABSI has been also shown to be linearly and positively associated with visceral fat mass and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. It is, however, uncertain whether ABSI could be associated with arterial stiffness in patients with diabetes.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of 607 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 64±12 years; 40.0% female). Visceral fat area (VFA, cm2) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA, cm2) were assessed with a dual-impedance analyzer. In order to estimate the risk for CVD, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV, cm) was used for the assessment of arterial stiffness.ResultsABSI was significantly and positively correlated with VFA (r=0.138, p=0.001) and negatively associated with BMI (r=−0.085, p=0.037). The correlation of z-score for ABSI with VFA remained significant (r=0.170, p<0.001) but not with BMI (r=0.009, p=0.820). ABSI (standardized β 0.095, p=0.043) but not WC (standardized β −0.060, p=0.200) was significantly and positively correlated with baPWV in the multivariate model including BMI as a covariate.ConclusionsABSI appears to reflect visceral adiposity independently of BMI and to be a substantial marker of arterial stiffening in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Association between subjective social status and cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Karen L , Rashid Ruksana , Godley Jenny , Ghali William A 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the association between subjective social status (SSS), or the individual's perception of his or her position in the social hierarchy, and the odds of coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia.Study DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science and reference lists of all included studies up to October 2014, with a verification search in July 2015. Inclusion criteria were original studies in adults that reported odds, risk or hazard ratios of at least one outcome of interest (CAD, hypertension, diabetes, obesity or dyslipidaemia), comparing ‘lower’ versus ‘higher’ SSS groups, where SSS is measured on a self-anchoring ladder. ORs were pooled using a random-effects model.Results10 studies were included in the systematic review; 9 of these were included in the meta-analysis. In analyses unadjusted for objective socioeconomic status (SES) measures such as income, education or occupation, the pooled OR comparing the bottom versus the top of the SSS ladder was 1.82 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.99) for CAD, 1.88 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.79) for hypertension, 1.90 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.87) for diabetes, 3.68 (95% CI 2.03 to 6.64) for dyslipidaemia and 1.57 (95% CI 0.95 to 2.59) for obesity. These associations were attenuated when adjusting for objective SES measures, with the only statistically significant association remaining for dyslipidaemia (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.06), though all ORs remained greater than 1.ConclusionsLower SSS is associated with significantly increased odds of CAD, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia, with a trend towards increased odds of obesity. These trends are consistently present, though the effects attenuated when adjusting for SES, suggesting that perception of one's own status on a social hierarchy has health effects above and beyond one's actual income, occupation and education.
TOP2Acopy number and TOP2A expression in uterine benign smooth muscle tumours and leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Baiocchi Glauco , Poliseli Fernando Luís Visoni , De Brot Louise , Mantoan Henrique , Schiavon Beatriz Nunes , Faloppa Carlos Chaves , Vassallo Jose , Soares Fernando Augusto , Cunha Isabela Werneck 
Published: March 2016

AimsTo examineTOP2Acopy number, TOP2A expression, and its prognostic value in uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and other benign smooth muscle tumours.MethodsWe analysed 37 patients treated for uterine LMS with immunohistochemistry for protein expression and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) for copy number. Twelve cases of leiomyoma variants (LMVs), 4 smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) and 23 leiomyomas (LMs) were also included.ResultsEighteen patients with LMS (48.6%) were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I, six (16.2%) were stage II, four (10.8%) were stage III, and nine (24.3%) were stage IV. Twenty-one (56.8%) patients with LMS showed high expression of TOP2A. Greater TOP2A levels were found in patients with stage ≥II disease compared with stage I and also in high mitotic index tumours (>20/10 HPF (high power field)). Eleven (36.7%) cases had abnormalTOP2Acopy numbers. There was no link betweenTOP2Acopy number and TOP2A expression. All patients with benign smooth muscle tumours had low TOP2A immunohistochemical expression and one (7.7%) patient hadTOP2Aamplification. TOP2A expression andTOP2Acopy number had no impact on disease outcomes. Only the presence of disease outside of the uterus negatively impacted survival compared with early disease (53.4 vs 15.8 months; p<0.001).ConclusionsTOP2A is highly expressed in advanced LMS but not in non-malignant diseases. TOP2A expression does not correlate with FISH results and does not predict outcome. TOP2A levels are higher in high-mitotic index tumours and in more advanced stages of disease.
Pathophysiological effects of different risk factors for heart failure
Authors: Yang Hong , Wang Ying , Negishi Kazuaki , Nolan Mark , Marwick Thomas H 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundHypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are important causes of non-ischaemic heart failure (HF). Understanding the pathophysiology of early HF may guide screening. We hypothesised that the underlying physiology differed according to aetiology.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study of 521 asymptomatic community-based subjects ≥65 years with ≥1 HF risk factors, 187 participants (36%) had T2DM and hypertension (T2DM+/HTN+), 109 (21%) had T2DM with no hypertension (T2DM+/HTN−) and 72 (14%) had neither T2DM nor hypertension (T2DM−/HTN−). In 153 patients (29%), clinic blood pressure was ≥140/90 mm Hg, defined as active hypertension (T2DM−/HTN+). All underwent a comprehensive echocardiogram, including conventional parameters for systolic and diastolic function as well as global longitudinal strain (GLS), diastolic strain (DS) and DS rate (DSR). A 6 min walk (6MW) test was used to assess functional capacity.ResultsGLS in T2DM−/HTN+ group (−18.9±2.7%) was similar to that in T2DM−/HTN− group (−19.4±2.4%) and greater than T2DM+/HTN− (−18.0±2.8%, p=0.005). DS in T2DM−/HTN− (0.47±0.15%) exceeded that in T2DM−/HTN+ (0.43±0.14%) and T2DM+/HTN− (0.43±0.13%). 6MW distance was preserved in T2DM−/HTN+ (482±85 m) and reduced in T2DM+/HTN− (469±93, p<0.001). Those with T2DM and active hypertension had worst GLS, DS, DSR and shortest 6MW distance (p<0.002). In multivariable analysis, GLS was associated with T2DM but neither active hypertension nor a history of hypertension. Diastolic markers and left ventricular (LV) mass were associated with hypertension and T2DM. Thus, patients with HF risk factors show different functional disturbances according to aetiology.ConclusionsPatients with hypertension had relatively less impaired GLS and preserved 6MW distance but more impaired diastolic function.
Neuronal pannexin-1 channels are not molecular routes of water influx during spreading depolarization-induced dendritic beading
Authors: Sword Jeremy , Croom Deborah , Wang Phil L , Thompson Roger J , Kirov Sergei A 
Published: March 2016

Spreading depolarization-induced focal dendritic swelling (beading) is an early hallmark of neuronal cytotoxic edema. Pyramidal neurons lack membrane-bound aquaporins posing a question of how water enters neurons during spreading depolarization. Recently, we have identified chloride-coupled transport mechanisms that can, at least in part, participate in dendritic beading. Yet transporter-mediated ion and water fluxes could be paralleled by water entry through additional pathways such as large-pore pannexin-1 channels opened by spreading depolarization. Using real-time in vivo two-photon imaging in mice with pharmacological inhibition or conditional genetic deletion of pannexin-1, we showed that pannexin-1 channels are not required for spreading depolarization-induced focal dendritic swelling.
Comparison of High-Dose Versus Standard Dose Oseltamivir in Critically Ill Patients With Influenza
Authors: Noel Zachary R. , Bastin Melissa L. Thompson , Montgomery Ashley A. , Flannery Alexander H. 
Published: March 2016

Background: Limited data support high-dose oseltamivir in critically ill patients with influenza. In several recent influenza seasons, there were oseltamivir drug shortages. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 57 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed influenza. Patients receiving high-dose oseltamivir were compared to those receiving standard dosing. Results: When adjusted for clinically relevant predictors of disease severity, including age, duration of therapy, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and receipt of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, there was no difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation, oxygenation, ICU length of stay, or hospital length of stay between the high-dose and standard dose groups. Conclusions: As compared to the standard doses of oseltamivir, higher-dose (ie, double dose) oseltamivir was not associated with improvement in any clinical outcomes. Using higher doses empirically on all patients during influenza season may exacerbate local drug shortages.