bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variation in the TAS2R38 Bitter Taste Receptor and Gastric Cancer Risk in Koreans
Authors: Choi Jeong-Hwa , Lee Jeonghee , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young-Woo , Ryu Keun Won , Kim Jeongseon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe human TAS2R38 gene encodes a bitter taste receptor that regulates the bitterness perception and differentiation of ingested nutritional/poisonous compounds in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. TAS2R38 gene variants are associated with alterations in individual sensitivity to bitter taste and food intake; hence, these genetic variants may modify the risk for diet-related diseases, including cancer. However, little is known about the association between TAS2R38 polymorphisms and gastric cancer susceptibility. The present case-control study examined the influence of TAS2R38 polymorphisms on food intake and determined whether they predict gastric cancer risk in Koreans. A total of 1,580 subjects, including 449 gastric cancer cases, were genotyped for TAS2R38 A49P, V262A, I296V and diplotypes. Dietary data were analysed to determine the total consumption of energy, fibre, vegetables, fruits, sweets, fats, alcohol and cigarettes. TAS2R38 diplotype was not associated with food, alcohol or cigarette consumption, either independent or dependent of gastric cancer phenotype. However, the PAV/AVI diplotype significantly increased gastric cancer risk (adjusted odds ratio: 1.513; 95% confidence interval: 1.148–1.994) independent of dietary intake. Findings suggest that TAS2R38 may be associated with the risk for gastric cancer in Koreans, although the TAS2R38 diplotype did not influence dietary intake.
Cholesterol Depletion from a Ceramide/Cholesterol Mixed Monolayer: A Brewster Angle Microscope Study
Authors: Mandal Pritam , Noutsi Pakiza , Chaieb Sahraoui 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCholesterol is crucial to the mechanical properties of cell membranes that are important to cells’ behavior. Its depletion from the cell membranes could be dramatic. Among cyclodextrins (CDs), methyl beta cyclodextrin (MβCD) is the most efficient to deplete cholesterol (Chol) from biomembranes. Here, we focus on the depletion of cholesterol from a C16 ceramide/cholesterol (C16-Cer/Chol) mixed monolayer using MβCD. While the removal of cholesterol by MβCD depends on the cholesterol concentration in most mixed lipid monolayers, it does not depend very much on the concentration of cholesterol in C16-Cer/Chol monolayers. The surface pressure decay during depletion were described by a stretched exponential that suggested that the cholesterol molecules are unable to diffuse laterally and behave like static traps for the MβCD molecules. Cholesterol depletion causes morphology changes of domains but these disrupted monolayers domains seem to reform even when cholesterol level was low.
Multi-model attribution of upper-ocean temperature changes using an isothermal approach
Authors: Weller Evan , Min Seung-Ki , Palmer Matthew D. , Lee Donghyun , Yim Bo Young , Yeh Sang-Wook 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBoth air-sea heat exchanges and changes in ocean advection have contributed to observed upper-ocean warming most evident in the late-twentieth century. However, it is predominantly via changes in air-sea heat fluxes that human-induced climate forcings, such as increasing greenhouse gases, and other natural factors such as volcanic aerosols, have influenced global ocean heat content. The present study builds on previous work using two different indicators of upper-ocean temperature changes for the detection of both anthropogenic and natural external climate forcings. Using simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, we compare mean temperatures above a fixed isotherm with the more widely adopted approach of using a fixed depth. We present the first multi-model ensemble detection and attribution analysis using the fixed isotherm approach to robustly detect both anthropogenic and natural external influences on upper-ocean temperatures. Although contributions from multidecadal natural variability cannot be fully removed, both the large multi-model ensemble size and properties of the isotherm analysis reduce internal variability of the ocean, resulting in better observation-model comparison of temperature changes since the 1950s. We further show that the high temporal resolution afforded by the isotherm analysis is required to detect natural external influences such as volcanic cooling events in the upper-ocean because the radiative effect of volcanic forcings is short-lived.
SERS detection of Biomolecules at Physiological pH via aggregation of Gold Nanorods mediated by Optical Forces and Plasmonic Heating
Authors: Fazio Barbara , D’Andrea Cristiano , Foti Antonino , Messina Elena , Irrera Alessia , Donato Maria Grazia , Villari Valentina , Micali Norberto , Maragò Onofrio M. , Gucciardi Pietro G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStrategies for in-liquid molecular detection via Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) are currently based on chemically-driven aggregation or optical trapping of metal nanoparticles in presence of the target molecules. Such strategies allow the formation of SERS-active clusters that efficiently embed the molecule at the “hot spots” of the nanoparticles and enhance its Raman scattering by orders of magnitude. Here we report on a novel scheme that exploits the radiation pressure to locally push gold nanorods and induce their aggregation in buffered solutions of biomolecules, achieving biomolecular SERS detection at almost neutral pH. The sensor is applied to detect non-resonant amino acids and proteins, namely Phenylalanine (Phe), Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Lysozyme (Lys), reaching detection limits in the μg/mL range. Being a chemical free and contactless technique, our methodology is easy to implement, fast to operate, needs small sample volumes and has potential for integration in microfluidic circuits for biomarkers detection.
Predicting postoperative vomiting among orthopedic patients receiving patient-controlled epidural analgesia using SVM and LR
Authors: Wu Hsin-Yun , Gong Cihun-Siyong Alex , Lin Shih-Pin , Chang Kuang-Yi , Tsou Mei-Yung , Ting Chien-Kun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPatient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) has been applied to reduce postoperative pain in orthopedic surgical patients. Unfortunately, PCEA is occasionally accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The logistic regression (LR) model is widely used to predict vomiting, and recently support vector machines (SVM), a supervised machine learning method, has been used for classification and prediction. Unlike our previous work which compared Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) with LR, this study uses a SVM-based predictive model to identify patients with high risk of vomiting during PCEA and comparing results with those derived from the LR-based model. From January to March 2007, data from 195 patients undergoing PCEA following orthopedic surgery were applied to develop two predictive models. 75% of the data were randomly selected for training, while the remainder was used for testing to validate predictive performance. The area under curve (AUC) was measured using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC). The area under ROC curves of LR and SVM models were 0.734 and 0.929, respectively. A computer-based predictive model can be used to identify those who are at high risk for vomiting after PCEA, allowing for patient-specific therapeutic intervention or the use of alternative analgesic methods.
Effective Topological Charge Cancelation Mechanism
Authors: Mesarec Luka , Góźdź Wojciech , Iglič Aleš , Kralj Samo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTopological defects (TDs) appear almost unavoidably in continuous symmetry breaking phase transitions. The topological origin makes their key features independent of systems’ microscopic details; therefore TDs display many universalities. Because of their strong impact on numerous material properties and their significant role in several technological applications it is of strong interest to find simple and robust mechanisms controlling the positioning and local number of TDs. We present a numerical study of TDs within effectively two dimensional closed soft films exhibiting in-plane orientational ordering. Popular examples of such class of systems are liquid crystalline shells and various biological membranes. We introduce the Effective Topological Charge Cancellation mechanism controlling localised positional assembling tendency of TDs and the formation of pairs {defect, antidefect} on curved surfaces and/or presence of relevant “impurities” (e.g. nanoparticles). For this purpose, we define an effective topological charge Δmeff consisting of real, virtual and smeared curvature topological charges within a surface patch Δς identified by the typical spatially averaged local Gaussian curvature K. We demonstrate a strong tendency enforcing Δmeff → 0 on surfaces composed of Δς exhibiting significantly different values of spatially averaged K. For Δmeff ≠ 0 we estimate a critical depinning threshold to form pairs {defect, antidefect} using the electrostatic analogy.
The Association between Ambient Temperature and Childhood Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Chengdu, China: A Distributed Lag Non-linear Analysis
Authors: Yin Fei , Zhang Tao , Liu Lei , Lv Qiang , Li Xiaosong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has recently been recognized as a critical challenge to disease control and public health response in China. This study aimed to quantify the association between temperature and HFMD in Chengdu. Daily HFMD cases and meteorological variables in Chengdu between January 2010 and December 2013 were obtained to construct the time series. A distributed lag non-linear model was performed to investigate the temporal lagged association of daily temperature with age- and gender-specific HFMD. A total of 76,403 HFMD cases aged 0–14 years were reported in Chengdu during the study period and a bimodal seasonal pattern was observed. The temperature-HFMD relationships were non-linear in all age and gender groups, with the first peak at 14.0–14.1 °C and the second peak at 23.1–23.2 °C. The high temperatures had acute and short-term effects and declined quickly over time, while the effects in low temperature ranges were persistent over longer lag periods. Males and children aged <1 year were more vulnerable to temperature variations. Temperature played an important role in HFMD incidence with non-linear and delayed effects. The success of HFMD intervention strategies could benefit from giving more consideration to local climatic conditions.
A novel laser-collider used to produce monoenergetic 13.3 MeV 7Li (d, n) neutrons
Authors: Zhao J. R. , Zhang X. P. , Yuan D. W. , Li Y. T. , Li D. Z. , Rhee Y. J. , Zhang Z. , Li F. , Zhu B. J. , Li Yan F. , Han B. , Liu C. , Ma Y. , Li Yi F. , Tao M. Z. , Li M. H. , Guo X. , Huang X. G. , Fu S. Z. , Zhu J. Q. , Zhao G. , Chen L. M. , Fu C. B. , Zhang J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNeutron energy is directly correlated with the energy of the incident ions in experiments involving laser-driven nuclear reactions. Using high-energy incident ions reduces the energy concentration of the generated neutrons. A novel “laser-collider” method was used at the Shenguang II laser facility to produce monoenergetic neutrons via 7Li (d, n) nuclear reactions. The specially designed K-shaped target significantly increased the numbers of incident d and Li ions at the keV level. Ultimately, 13.3 MeV neutrons were obtained. Considering the time resolution of the neutron detector, we demonstrated that the produced neutrons were monoenergetic. Interferometry and a Multi hydro-dynamics simulation confirmed the monoenergetic nature of these neutrons.
Mechanisms underlying the social enhancement of vocal learning in songbirds
Authors: Chen Yining , Matheson Laura E. , Sakata Jon T. 
Published: June 2016

SignificanceSocial interactions are fundamental to the acquisition of speech and language; therefore, it is critical to reveal mechanisms of social influences to understand general mechanisms of vocal learning. Like humans, songbirds learn their vocalizations during development. We demonstrate that social interactions rapidly enhance vocal learning, attention to song, and the activity of catecholamine-synthesizing neurons in juvenile zebra finches. We also reveal that adult finches alter the structure of their vocalizations when interacting with juveniles in ways that resemble how humans alter their speech when interacting with infants, and that could enhance learning. Our data suggest that social influences on attention, acoustic structure, and catecholaminergic activity represent evolutionarily important mechanisms mediating the social enhancement of vocal learning across humans and songbirds.
Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion
Authors: Crowther Alison , Lucas Leilani , Helm Richard , Horton Mark , Shipton Ceri , Wright Henry T. , Walshaw Sarah , Pawlowicz Matthew , Radimilahy Chantal , Douka Katerina , Picornell-Gelabert Llorenç , Fuller Dorian Q. , Boivin Nicole L. 
Published: June 2016

SignificanceThe prehistoric settlement of Madagascar by people from distant Southeast Asia has long captured both scholarly and public imagination, but on the ground evidence for this colonization has eluded archaeologists for decades. Our study provides the first, to our knowledge, archaeological evidence for an early Southeast Asian presence in Madagascar and reveals that this settlement extended to the Comoros. Our findings point to a complex Malagasy settlement history and open new research avenues for linguists, geneticists, and archaeologists to further study the timing and process of this population movement. They also provide insight into early processes of Indian Ocean biological exchange and in particular, Madagascar’s floral introductions, which account for one-tenth of its current vascular plant species diversity.
Assortative mating and differential fertility by phenotype and genotype across the 20th century
Authors: Conley Dalton , Laidley Thomas , Belsky Daniel W. , Fletcher Jason M. , Boardman Jason D. , Domingue Benjamin W. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
We describe dynamics in assortative mating and fertility patterns by polygenic scores associated with anthropometric traits, depression, and educational attainment across birth cohorts from 1920 to 1955. We find that, for example, increases in assortative mating at the phenotypic level for education are not matched at the genotypic level. We also show that genes related to height are positively associated with fertility and that, despite a widening gap between the more and less educated with respect to fertility, there is no evidence that this trend is associated with genes. These findings are important to our understanding of the roots of shifting distributions of health and behavior across generations in US society.
Oncogenic mutations in the FBXW7 gene of adult T-cell leukemia patients
Authors: Yeh Chien-Hung , Bellon Marcia , Pancewicz-Wojtkiewicz Joanna , Nicot Christophe 
Published: June 2016

Significance
This study, to our knowledge for the first time, describes cooperative oncogenic activities of mutated F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7; D510E and D527G) with the viral oncogene human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax, mutated p53, or c-Myc. Given the high rate of mutation of both p53 and c-Myc in human cancers, our study suggests that the selective loss of FBXW7 functions may play a more active role than previously thought in tumorigenesis.
Sphingomyelin is sorted at the
trans
Golgi network into a distinct class of secretory vesicle
Authors: Deng Yongqiang , Rivera-Molina Felix E. , Toomre Derek K. , Burd Christopher G. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
The biochemical reactions that drive cellular life are housed in distinct membrane enclosed compartments known as organelles. Whereas proteins targeting to different organelles are well developed, little is known regarding how lipids are sorted to different organelles. We engineered a protein from a marine organism into a fluorescent “biosensor” of sphingomyelin (SM), a sphingolipid that is produced in the Golgi apparatus but is a major component of the plasma membrane. By monitoring SM dynamics in live cells, we discovered that SM is transported from its site of synthesis in the Golgi to the plasma membrane in a distinct type of secretory transport carrier. Our findings show that vesicle-based trafficking pathways are specialized to transport distinct types of lipids, in addition to proteins.
Interlocking directorates in Irish companies using a latent space model for bipartite networks
Authors: Friel Nial , Rastelli Riccardo , Wyse Jason , Raftery Adrian E. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
We develop a statistical model for the evolution of the network of leading Irish company directorates over 11 years, before and after the financial crisis of 2008. We focus on company interlocks, whereby a director simultaneously sits on more than one company board. Our analysis indicates that the level of director interlockingness increased from 2003, reaching a peak in 2009, and has generally stabilized since then.
Justice and Utility
Authors: Taylor Paul W. 
Published: June 2016

That utility is not a sufficient test for a set of social rules to be morally binding upon a group of persons has been argued in a number of recent books and articles. Yet it is generally conceded in these arguments that a group's observance of rules makes possible greater benefits than would accrue if each did not associate himself with others under the rules. It is not denied that the practice of morality is socially advantageous. What is denied is that social advantage is either the sole criterion or a sufficient criterion for the justifiability of any set of rules that could constitute the de facto system of moral requirements in a given society.What, then, is sufficient? The answer I am interested in defending in this paper is that both utility as an aggregative principle and justice as a distributive principle are each a necessary condition and together provide a sufficient condition for the justification of a moral code. In the first two parts of this paper, I shall explain how the concepts of justice and utility, respectively, are to be construed in the argument of the third part.
The Intentionality of Observation
Authors: Martin Edwin 
Published: June 2016

A main thrust of much of Quine's work is that meaning, belief, desire, motive and other so-called “intentional phenomena” are under-determined by all possible evidence: the totality of possible evidence could not determine whether two persons meant, believed, desired, or had as motives the same thing. One way to identify a person's beliefs, desires and motives is to frame a theory of his meanings, for then we could ask him what he believed and desired; this will be a theory of translation for his language. But such a theory of meaning, according to Quine, is also not uniquely determined by all the evidence. ThusTo accept intentional usage at face value is … to postulate translation relations as somehow objectively valid though indeterminate in principle relative to the totality of speech dispositions… Such postulation promises little gain in scientific insight …
Can the Theory of the Contingent Identity Between Sensation-States and Brain-States Be Made Empirical?
Authors: Swartz Norman 
Published: June 2016

Since its inception, roughly sixteen years ago, the theory of the contingent identity of mental-states and brain-states has been argued on many fronts. I want here to examine and to try to meet one in particular of the objections raised in connection with this theory. The objection has been stated with especial force by Peter Herbst.Let us then investigate a proposition that there is a particular mental entity which is contingently identical with a particular brain state. In order to be able to test it, we must know which mental entity is supposed to be identical with what brain state. Therefore we need at least two clear and independent identifying references to serve as the basis of our proposition of identity. They must each be sufficient to individuate an entity, or else we cannot say what is identical with what, and they must be independent of each other, or else the identity proposition expressed in terms of them becomes tautologous.
Forgiveness
Authors: Horsbrugh H. J. N. 
Published: June 2016

There appear to be a number of general things which can be said about forgiveness. If these are left sufficiently vague they seem to be applicable to all the situations in which the term is used.First, there can be no question of forgiveness unless an injury has been inflicted on somebody by a moral agent. There must be something to forgive; and the injury that is to be forgiven must be one for which a moral agent can be held responsible. One cannot forgive a rock for falling on one's foot or a cougar for attacking one's child—even though a child might kick the rock and a father might shoot the cougar.
Counterfactuals and Possible Worlds
Authors: Bennett Jonathan 
Published: June 2016

This article is a selective review of David Lewis's Counterfactuals (Cambridge, Mass., 1973), a challenging, provocative, absorbingly interesting attempt to analyze statements of the form “If it were the case that P, then it would be the case that Q.” I shall follow Lewis in calling these “counterfactuals,” and shall nearly follow him in abbreviating them to the form P→Q.Chapter 1, which is nearly a third of the whole, gives the analysis and proves that it endows counterfactuals with some properties which they evidently do have. Chapter 2 presents some “alternative formulations” of the analysis—a logical jeu d'esprit which I shall not discuss except for the section ( § 2.6) about “cotenability.”
Abortion and The Concept Of A Person
Authors: English Jane 
Published: June 2016

The abortion debate rages on. Yet the two most popular positions seem to be clearly mistaken. Conservatives maintain that a human life begins at conception and that therefore abortion must be wrong because it is murder. But not all killings of humans are murders. Most notably, self defense may justify even the killing of an innocent person.Liberals, on the other hand, are just as mistaken in their argument that since a fetus does not become a person until birth, a woman may do whatever she pleases in and to her own body. First, you cannot do as you please with your own body if it affects other people adversely. Second, if a fetus is not a person, that does not imply that you can do to it anything you wish. Animals, for example, are not persons, yet to kill or torture them for no reason at all is wrong.
Richman on the Principle of Deducibility for Justification
Authors: Fitch G. W. 
Published: June 2016

In a recent paper Robert J. Richman joins a host of doubters who question Gettier's claim that knowledge is not justified true belief. Richman's scepticism of Gettier's counterexamples to the traditional analysis of knowledge stems from what he says are two basic defects in the examples. One defect is that Gettier employs the Principle of Deducibility for Justification (PDJ) which Richman argues is false. The second defect is based on “the obvious consideration that a belief which is justified on the basis of one set of facts or assumptions need not be justified on the basis of a different set.” I shall consider each of these alleged defects and argue that Richman has not shown that in fact they are defects and that Gettier's counterexamples (or a modified version of them) do in fact show that knowledge is not justified true belief.The Principle of Deducibility for Justification states that for any proposition P, if P entails Q and S correctly deduces Q from P and accepts Q as a result of this deduction, then Sis justified in believing Q.