bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melanotransferrin: New Homolog Genes and Their Differential Expression during Intestinal Regeneration in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima
Authors: Hernández‐Pasos Josué , Valentín‐Tirado Griselle , García‐Arrarás José E. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTMelanotransferrin (MTf) is a protein associated with oncogenetic, developmental, and immune processes which function remains unclear. The MTf gene has been reported in numerous vertebrate and invertebrate species, including echinoderms. We now report the finding of four different MTfs in the transcriptome of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. Sequence studies and phylogenetic analyses were done to ascertain the similarities among the putative proteins and their relationship with other transferrin family members. The genes were shown to be differentially expressed in various holothurian organs and to respond differently when the animals were challenged with the immune system activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, the four genes were found to be highly overexpressed during the early stages of intestinal regeneration. The finding of four different genes in the holothurian is particularly surprising, because only one MTf gene has been reported in all other animal species sequenced to date. This finding, combined with the increase expression during intestinal regeneration, suggests a new possible function of MTf in organ regenerative processes.
Consumer acceptance and aroma characterization of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) powders prepared by extrusion and conventional processing methods
Authors: Szczygiel Edward J , Harte Janice B , Strasburg Gale M , Cho Sungeun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood products produced with bean ingredients are gaining in popularity among consumers due to the reported health benefits. Navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) powder produced through extrusion can be considered as a resource‐efficient alternative to conventional methods, which often involve high water inputs. Therefore, navy bean powders produced with extrusion and conventional methods were assessed for the impact of processing on consumer liking in end‐use products and odor‐active compounds.RESULTSConsumer acceptance results reveal significant differences in flavor, texture and overall acceptance scores of several products produced with navy bean powder. Crackers produced with extruded navy bean powder received higher hedonic flavor ratings than those produced with commercial navy bean powder (P < 0.001). GC‐O data showed that the commercial powder produced through conventional processing had much greater contents of several aliphatic aldehydes commonly formed via lipid oxidation, such as hexanal, octanal and nonanal with descriptors of ‘grassy’, ‘nutty’, ‘fruity’, ‘dusty’, and ‘cleaner’, compared to the extruded powder.CONCLUSIONExtrusion processed navy bean powders were preferred over commercial powders for certain navy bean powder applications. This is best explained by substantial differences in aroma profiles of the two powders that may have been caused by lipid oxidation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
How Long Can We Treat a Patient With the Same Antipsychotic Drug? Results from an Outpatient Psychiatric Practice in Prague
Authors: Vinar Oldrich 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This report attempts to find a successful antipsychotic drug using duration of administration in routine private out-patient practice as a measure of success. All medical records of 56 schizophrenia patients over a ten-year period were examined. The antipsychotic drugs prescribed for longer than 4 years were identified. One patient was treated with clozapine for 31 years. Of the second generation antipsychotics, sertindole was most frequently prescribed for the longest periods: two patients for 9 years, one for 8 years, two for 7 years and six for 5 years. This was followed by risperidone with 4 patients treated for 5 years.
Somatoform Dissociation and Symptoms of Traumatic Stress in Adolescents
Authors: Kukla Lubomir , Selesova Petra , Okrajek Petr , Tulak Jan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Dissociation is traditionally attributed to trauma and other psychological stressors although there is evidence that in many cases dissociative symptoms could be attributable to initial brain insult, injury or other organic brain disease. With respect to these findings there is a question to which extent symptoms of somatoform dissociation are related to symptoms of traumatic stress or whether these symptoms may be predominantly attributed to various somatic factors. With this aim we have assessed the relationship between somatoform dissociation and symptoms of traumatic stress in a group of 75 healthy adolescents. Main result of this study indicates statistically significant relationship between somatoform dissociative symptoms and psychosocial stressors measured by symptoms of traumatic stress. Results of this study also show that the symptoms of somatoform dissociation may occur continuously in population and that only in high level of their experience they cause psychopathological states. In this context, result of this study suggests that also mild levels of stress influence somatic feelings that may lead to symptoms that may occur also as a consequence of various somatic factors.
Evolved Consciousness
Authors: Mould Richard A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The purpose of consciousness in primitive creatures is found to be the repression or enhancement of completing pathways of evolution. In advanced creatures such as humans the purpose of consciousness has become the repression or enhancement of competing neurological pathways. The ‘causal’ influence of consciousness is the same in both cases. A previous paper describes the introduction of pain and fear consciousness in a primitive fish, and the intermediate introduction of the fish’s visual experience. The manner of introduction of these conscious experiences is essential to their matching physical behavior in the right way — so subjective experiences emerge in parallel with the behaviors to which they are appropriately attached. When the same cause-and-effect principles are applied to pleasure and desire consciousness, familiar human patterns emerge. Novel behaviors such as the neuromotor control of a prosthetic device are also explained in this way.
The Neuroscience of Divergent Thinking
Authors: Runco Mark A. , Yoruk Sureyya 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Creativity plays a role in innovation, development, and health. Recent research has used neuroscientific methods to study originality, novelty, insight, divergent thinking, and other processes related to creative mental activity. Findings indicate that both hemispheres are involved in divergent thinking, which is accompanied by both event-related increases and decreases in the neural activation. Divergent thinking seems to be associated with high neural activation in the central, temporal, and parietal regions, indications of semantic processing and re-combination of semantically related information. Most of the research in this area has been done in the last 10 years, and very likely refining and standardizing DT testing and scoring will lead to additional insights about creativity.
A Second Amorphous Layer Underneath Surface Oxide
Authors: Zhang Bin , Peng Kunlin , Sha Xuechao , Li Ang , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Chen Yanhui , Deng QingSong , Yang Dingfeng , Ma Evan , Han Xiaodong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFormation of a nanometer-scale oxide surface layer is common when a material is exposed to oxygen-containing environment. Employing aberration-corrected analytical transmission electron microscopy and using single crystal SnSe as an example, we show that for an alloy, a second thin amorphous layer can appear underneath the outmost oxide layer. This inner amorphous layer is not oxide based, but instead originates from solid-state amorphization of the base alloy when its free energy rises to above that of the metastable amorphous state; which is a result of the composition shift due to the preferential depletion of the oxidizing species, in our case, the outgoing Sn reacting with the oxygen atmosphere.
Ginsenoside Rg5 increases cardiomyocyte resistance to ischemic injury through regulation of mitochondrial hexokinase-II and dynamin-related protein 1
Authors: Yang Yi-Lin , Li Jia , Liu Kang , Zhang Lei , Liu Qun , Liu Baolin , Qi Lian-Wen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHexokinase-II (HK-II) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) regulate mitochondrial function differently. This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg5 (Rg5) with emphasis on the regulation of mitochondrial HK-II and Drp1. Saturated acid palmitate (PA) stimulation increased lactate accumulation and induced cellular acidification by impairing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in cardiomyocytes, leading to HK-II dissociation from mitochondria. Rg5 improved PDH activity and prevented cellular acidification by combating fatty-acid oxidation, contributing to protecting mitochondrial HK-II. HK-II binding to mitochondria prevented mitochondrial Drp1 recruitment, whereas Drp1 activation decreased the content of mitochondrial HK-II, demonstrating the reciprocal control for binding to mitochondria. Rg5 promoted Akt translocation to mitochondria and increased HK-II binding to mitochondria while coordinately suppressing Drp1 recruitment and mitochondrial fission. Akt inhibitor triciribine or knockdown of Akt with small interfering RNA diminished the effects of Rg5, indicating that Rg5 inhibited Drp1 activation and promoted HK-II mitochondrial binding through Akt activation. Rg5 prevented the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and increased ATP production, resultantly increasing cardiomyocyte resistance to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Meanwhile, Rg5 prevented cell apoptosis with increased HK-II binding and reduced Drp1 recruitment to mitochondria in isoproterenol-induced ischemic heart of mice. Taken together, these findings not only established a previously unrecognized role of ginsenosides in cardioprotection but also suggest that mitochondrial HK-II binding and Drp1 recruitment could be targeted therapeutically to prevent ischemic injury in the heart.
NGS-based transcriptome profiling reveals biomarkers for companion diagnostics of the TGF-β receptor blocker galunisertib in HCC
Authors: Cao Yuan , Agarwal Rahul , Dituri Francesco , Lupo Luigi , Trerotoli Paolo , Mancarella Serena , Winter Peter , Giannelli Gianluigi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTransforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling has gained extensive interest in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The small molecule kinase inhibitor galunisertib, targeting the TGF-β receptor I (TGF-βRI), blocks HCC progression in preclinical models and shows promising effects in ongoing clinical trials. As the drug is not similarly effective in all patients, this study was aimed at identifying new companion diagnostics biomarkers for patient stratification. Next-generation sequencing-based massive analysis of cDNA ends was used to investigate the transcriptome of an invasive HCC cell line responses to TGF-β1 and galunisertib. These identified mRNA were validated in 78 frozen HCC samples and in 26 ex-vivo HCC tissues treated in culture with galunisertib. Respective protein levels in patients blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SKIL, PMEPA1 ANGPTL4, SNAI1, Il11 and c4orf26 were strongly upregulated by TGF-β1 and downregulated by galunisertib in different HCC cell lines. In the 78 HCC samples, only SKIL and PMEPA1 (P<0.001) were correlated with endogenous TGF-β1. In ex-vivo samples, SKIL and PMEPA1 were strongly downregulated (P<0.001), and correlated (P<0.001) with endogenous TGF-β1. SKIL and PMEPA1 mRNA expression in tumor tissues was significantly increased compared with controls and not correlated with protein levels in the blood of paired HCC patients. SKIL and PMEPA1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with TGF-β1 mRNA concentrations in HCC tissues and strongly downregulated by galunisertib. The target genes identified here may serve as biomarkers for the stratification of HCC patients undergoing treatment with galunisertib.
Cellular senescence mediates fibrotic pulmonary disease
Authors: Schafer Marissa J. , White Thomas A. , Iijima Koji , Haak Andrew J. , Ligresti Giovanni , Atkinson Elizabeth J. , Oberg Ann L. , Birch Jodie , Salmonowicz Hanna , Zhu Yi , Mazula Daniel L. , Brooks Robert W. , Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg Heike , Pirtskhalava Tamar , Prakash Y. S. , Tchkonia Tamara , Robbins Paul D. , Aubry Marie Christine , Passos João F. , Kirkland James L. , Tschumperlin Daniel J. , Kita Hirohito , LeBrasseur Nathan K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease characterized by interstitial remodelling, leading to compromised lung function. Cellular senescence markers are detectable within IPF lung tissue and senescent cell deletion rejuvenates pulmonary health in aged mice. Whether and how senescent cells regulate IPF or if their removal may be an efficacious intervention strategy is unknown. Here we demonstrate elevated abundance of senescence biomarkers in IPF lung, with p16 expression increasing with disease severity. We show that the secretome of senescent fibroblasts, which are selectively killed by a senolytic cocktail, dasatinib plus quercetin (DQ), is fibrogenic. Leveraging the bleomycin-injury IPF model, we demonstrate that early-intervention suicide-gene-mediated senescent cell ablation improves pulmonary function and physical health, although lung fibrosis is visibly unaltered. DQ treatment replicates benefits of transgenic clearance. Thus, our findings establish that fibrotic lung disease is mediated, in part, by senescent cells, which can be targeted to improve health and function.
Cytotrophoblast, Not Syncytiotrophoblast, Dominates Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Human Term Placenta
Authors: Kolahi Kevin S. , Valent Amy M. , Thornburg Kent L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe syncytiotrophoblast (SCT) at the maternal-fetal interface has been presumed to be the primary driver of placental metabolism, and the underlying progenitor cytotrophoblast cells (CTB) an insignificant contributor to placental metabolic activity. However, we now show that the metabolic rate of CTB is much greater than the SCT. The oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate, a measure of glycolysis, are both greater in CTB than in SCT in vitro (CTB: 96 ± 16 vs SCT: 46 ± 14 pmol O2 × min−1 × 100 ng DNA−1, p < 0.001) and (CTB: 43 ± 6.7 vs SCT 1.4 ± 1.0 ∆mpH × min−1 × 100 ng DNA−1, p < 0.0001). Mitochondrial activity, as determined by using the mitochondrial activity-dependent dye Mitotracker CM-H2TMRosa, is higher in CTB than in SCT in culture and living explants. These data cast doubt on the previous supposition that the metabolic rate of the placenta is dominated by the SCT contribution. Moreover, differentiation into SCT leads to metabolic suppression. The normal suppression of metabolic activity during CTB differentiation to SCT is prevented with a p38 MAPK signaling inhibitor and epidermal growth factor co-treatment. We conclude that the undifferentiated CTB, in contrast to the SCT, is highly metabolically active, has a high level of fuel flexibility, and contributes substantially to global metabolism in the late gestation human placenta.
Structural evolutions and hereditary characteristics of icosahedral nano-clusters formed in Mg70Zn30 alloys during rapid solidification processes
Authors: Liang Yong-Chao , Liu Rang-Su , Xie Quan , Tian Ze-An , Mo Yun-Fei , Zhang Hai-Tao , Liu Hai-Rong , Hou Zhao-Yang , Zhou Li-Li , Peng Ping 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo investigate the structural evolution and hereditary mechanism of icosahedral nano-clusters formed during rapid solidification, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study has been performed for a system consisting of 107 atoms of liquid Mg70Zn30 alloy. Adopting Honeycutt-Anderson (HA) bond-type index method and cluster type index method (CTIM-3) to analyse the microstructures in the system it is found that for all the nano-clusters including 2~8 icosahedral clusters in the system, there are 62 kinds of geometrical structures, and those can be classified, by the configurations of the central atoms of basic clusters they contained, into four types: chain-like, triangle-tailed, quadrilateral-tailed and pyramidal-tailed. The evolution of icosahedral nano-clusters can be conducted by perfect heredity and replacement heredity, and the perfect heredity emerges when temperature is slightly less than Tm then increase rapidly and far exceeds the replacement heredity at Tg; while for the replacement heredity, there are three major modes: replaced by triangle (3-atoms), quadrangle (4-atoms) and pentagonal pyramid (6-atoms), rather than by single atom step by step during rapid solidification processes.
Optogenetic activation of VGLUT2-expressing excitatory neurons blocks epileptic seizure-like activity in the mouse entorhinal cortex
Authors: Yekhlef Latefa , Breschi Gian Luca , Taverna Stefano 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigated whether an anti-epileptic effect is obtained by selectively activating excitatory neurons expressing ChR2 under the promoter for the synaptic vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2). VGLUT2-expressing cells were optically stimulated while local field potential and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in mouse entorhinal cortical slices perfused with the proconvulsive compound 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). In control conditions, blue light flashes directly depolarized the majority of putative glutamatergic cells, which in turn synaptically excited GABAergic interneurons. During bath perfusion with 4-AP, photostimuli triggered a fast EPSP-IPSP sequence which was often followed by tonic-clonic seizure-like activity closely resembling spontaneous ictal discharges. The GABAA-receptor antagonist gabazine blocked the progression of both light-induced and spontaneous seizures. Surprisingly, prolonged photostimuli delivered during ongoing seizures caused a robust interruption of synchronous discharges. Such break was correlated with a membrane potential depolarization block in principal cells, while putative GABAergic interneurons changed their firing activity from a burst-like to an irregular single-spike pattern. These data suggest that photostimulation of glutamatergic neurons triggers seizure-like activity only in the presence of an intact GABAergic transmission and that selectively activating the same glutamatergic cells robustly interrupts ongoing seizures by inducing a strong depolarization block, resulting in the disruption of paroxysmal burst-like firing.
Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Echevarria Antulio J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Military strategy plays a vital role in every conflict. Inspired by the great military theoreticians Sun Tzu, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Carl von Clausewitz, Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction highlights the dynamic relationship among the principal components of strategy: purpose, method, and means. It draws on examples such as Hannibal’s war against Rome, Napoleon’s victory at Austerlitz, the Allies’ campaign to overwhelm Hitler’s Fortress Europe, and the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, to illustrate the factors contributing to the success or failure of military strategy. The major types of military strategy and their advantages and disadvantages are described: annihilation and dislocation, attrition and exhaustion, deterrence and coercion, terror and terrorism, targeted killing, and cyber power.
RNAscClust: clustering RNA sequences using structure conservation and graph based motifs
Authors: Miladi Milad , Junge Alexander , Costa Fabrizio , Seemann Stefan E , Havgaard Jakob Hull , Gorodkin Jan , Backofen Rolf 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Clustering RNA sequences with common secondary structure is an essential step towards studying RNA function. Whereas structural RNA alignment strategies typically identify common structure for orthologous structured RNAs, clustering seeks to group paralogous RNAs based on structural similarities. However, existing approaches for clustering paralogous RNAs, do not take the compensatory base pair changes obtained from structure conservation in orthologous sequences into account.

Results
Here, we present RNAscClust, the implementation of a new algorithm to cluster a set of structured RNAs taking their respective structural conservation into account. For a set of multiple structural alignments of RNA sequences, each containing a paralog sequence included in a structural alignment of its orthologs, RNAscClust computes minimum free-energy structures for each sequence using conserved base pairs as prior information for the folding. The paralogs are then clustered using a graph kernel-based strategy, which identifies common structural features. We show that the clustering accuracy clearly benefits from an increasing degree of compensatory base pair changes in the alignments.

Availability and Implementation
RNAscClust is available at http://www.bioinf.uni-freiburg.de/Software/RNAscClust.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A score model to predict risk of events in patients with Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Sieira Juan , Conte Giulio , Ciconte Giuseppe , Chierchia Gian-Battista , Casado-Arroyo Ruben , Baltogiannis Giannis , Di Giovanni Giacomo , Saitoh Yukio , Juliá Justo , Mugnai Giacomo , La Meir Mark , Wellens Francis , Czapla Jens , Pappaert Gudrun , de Asmundis Carlo , Brugada Pedro 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Aims
Risk stratification in Brugada Syndrome (BS) remains challenging. Arrhythmic events can occur life-long and studies with long follow-ups are sparse. The aim of our study was to investigate long-term prognosis and risk stratification of BS patients.

Methods and results
A single centre consecutive cohort of 400 BS patients was included and analysed. Mean age was 41.1 years, 78 patients (19.5%) had a spontaneous type I electrocardiogram (ECG). Clinical presentation was aborted sudden cardiac death (SCD) in 20 patients (5.0%), syncope in 111 (27.8%) and asymptomatic in 269 (67.3%). Familial antecedents of SCD were found in 184 individuals (46.0%), in 31 (7.8%) occurred in first-degree relatives younger than 35 years. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was placed in 176 (44.0%). During a mean follow-up of 80.7 months, 34 arrhythmic events occurred (event rate: 1.4% year). Variables significantly associated to events were: presentation as aborted SCD (Hazard risk [HR] 20.0), syncope (HR 3.7), spontaneous type I (HR 2.7), male gender (HR 2.7), early SCD in first-degree relatives (HR 2.9), SND (HR 5.0), inducible VA (HR 4.7) and proband status (HR 2.1). A score including ECG pattern, early familial SCD antecedents, inducible electrophysiological study, presentation as syncope or as aborted SCD and SND had a predictive performance of 0.82. A score greater than 2 conferred a 5-year event probability of 9.2%.

Conclusions
BS patients remain at risk many years after diagnosis. Early SCD in first-degree relatives and SND are risk factors for arrhythmic events. A simple risk score might help in the stratification and management of BS patients.