bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF NONUNIFORM CLOUD COVER ON TRANSIT TRANSMISSION SPECTRA
Authors: Line Michael R. , Parmentier Vivien 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We model the impact of nonuniform cloud cover on transit transmission spectra. Patchy clouds exist in nearly every solar system atmosphere, brown dwarfs, and transiting exoplanets. Our major findings suggest that fractional cloud coverage can exactly mimic high mean molecular weight atmospheres and vice versa over certain wavelength regions, in particular, over the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) bandpass (1.1–1.7 μm). We also find that patchy cloud coverage exhibits a signature that is different from uniform global clouds. Furthermore, we explain analytically why the “patchy cloud-high mean molecular weight” degeneracy exists. We also explore the degeneracy of nonuniform cloud coverage in atmospheric retrievals on both synthetic and real planets. We find from retrievals on a synthetic solar composition hot Jupiter with patchy clouds and a cloud-free high mean molecular weight warm Neptune that both cloud-free high mean molecular weight atmospheres and partially cloudy atmospheres can explain the data equally well. Another key finding is that the HST WFC3 transit transmission spectra of two well-observed objects, the hot Jupiter HD 189733b and the warm Neptune HAT-P-11b, can be explained well by solar composition atmospheres with patchy clouds without the need to invoke high mean molecular weight or global clouds. The degeneracy between high molecular weight and solar composition partially cloudy atmospheres can be broken by observing the molecular Rayleigh scattering differences between the two. Furthermore, the signature of partially cloudy limbs also appears as a ∼100 ppm residual in the ingress and egress of the transit light curves, provided that the transit timing is known to seconds.
SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF OGLE-2015-BLG-1212 REVEAL A NEW PATH TOWARD BREAKING STRONG MICROLENS DEGENERACIES
Authors: Bozza V. , Shvartzvald Y. , Udalski A. , Novati S. Calchi , Bond I. A. , Han C. , Hundertmark M. , Poleski R. , Pawlak M. , Szymański M. K. , Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Kozłowski S. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Pietrukowicz P. , Soszyński I. , Ulaczyk K. ,   (OGLE group),and, Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Carey S. , Fausnaugh M. , Gaudi B. S. , Gould A. , Henderson C. B. , Pogge R. W. , Wibking B. , Yee J. C. , Zhu W. ,   (Spitzer team), Abe F. , Asakura Y. , Barry R. K. , Bennett D. P. , Bhattacharya A. , Donachie M. , Freeman M. , Fukui A. , Hirao Y. , Inayama K. , Itow Y. , Koshimoto N. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Matsubara Y. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Nishioka T. , Ohnishi K. , Oyokawa H. , Rattenbury N. , Saito To. , Sharan A. , Sullivan D. J. , Sumi T. , Suzuki D. , Tristram P. J. , Wakiyama Y. , Yonehara A. ,   (MOA group), Choi J.-Y. , Park H. , Jung Y. K. , Shin I.-G. , Albrow M. D. , Park B.-G. , Kim S.-L. , Lee C.-U. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Lee Y. ,   (KMTNet group), Dominik M. , Jørgensen U. G. , Andersen M. I. , Bramich D. M. , Burgdorf M. J. , Ciceri S. , D’Ago G. , Evans D. F. , Jaimes R. Figuera , Gu S.-H. , Hinse T. C. , Kains N. , Kerins E. , Korhonen H. , Kuffmeier M. , Mancini L. , Popovas A. , Rabus M. , Rahvar S. , Rasmussen R. T. , Scarpetta G. , Skottfelt J. , Snodgrass C. , Southworth J. , Surdej J. , Unda-Sanzana E. , von Essen C. , Wang Y.-B. , Wertz O. ,   (MiNDSTEp), Maoz D. , Friedmann M. , Kaspi S. ,   (Wise group)
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Spitzer microlensing parallax observations of OGLE-2015-BLG-1212 decisively break a degeneracy between planetary and binary solutions that is somewhat ambiguous when only ground-based data are considered. Only eight viable models survive out of an initial set of 32 local minima in the parameter space. These models clearly indicate that the lens is a stellar binary system possibly located within the bulge of our Galaxy, ruling out the planetary alternative. We argue that several types of discrete degeneracies can be broken via such space-based parallax observations.
A PRELIMINARY JUPITER MODEL
Authors: Hubbard W. B. , Militzer B. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
In anticipation of new observational results for Jupiter's axial moment of inertia and gravitational zonal harmonic coefficients from the forthcoming Juno orbiter, we present a number of preliminary Jupiter interior models. We combine results from ab initio computer simulations of hydrogen–helium mixtures, including immiscibility calculations, with a new nonperturbative calculation of Jupiter's zonal harmonic coefficients, to derive a self-consistent model for the planet's external gravity and moment of inertia. We assume helium rain modified the interior temperature and composition profiles. Our calculation predicts zonal harmonic values to which measurements can be compared. Although some models fit the observed (pre-Juno) second- and fourth-order zonal harmonics to within their error bars, our preferred reference model predicts a fourth-order zonal harmonic whose absolute value lies above the pre-Juno error bars. This model has a dense core of about 12 Earth masses and a hydrogen–helium-rich envelope with approximately three times solar metallicity.
THE SCUBA-2 COSMOLOGY LEGACY SURVEY: MULTIWAVELENGTH COUNTERPARTS TO 103 SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES IN THE UKIDSS-UDS FIELD
Authors: Chen (陳建州) Chian-Chou , Smail Ian , Ivison Rob J. , Arumugam Vinodiran , Almaini Omar , Conselice Christopher J. , Geach James E. , Hartley Will G. , Ma Cheng-Jiun , Mortlock Alice , Simpson Chris , Simpson James M. , Swinbank A. Mark , Aretxaga Itziar , Blain Andrew , Chapman Scott C. , Dunlop James S. , Farrah Duncan , Halpern Mark , Michałowski Michał J. , van der Werf Paul , Wilkinson Aaron , Zavala Jorge A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present multiwavelength identifications for the counterparts of 1088 submillimeter sources detected at 850 μm in the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey study of the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey-Ultra-Deep Survey (UDS) field. By utilizing an Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) pilot study on a subset of our bright SCUBA-2 sample as a training set, along with the deep optical–near-infrared (OIR) data available in this field, we develop a novel technique, Optical–IR Triple Color (OIRTC), using z − K, K − [3.6], [3.6] − [4.5] colors to select the candidate submillimeter galaxy (SMG) counterparts. By combining radio identification and the OIRTC technique, we find counterpart candidates for 80% of the Class = 1 ≥ 4σ SCUBA-2 sample, defined as those that are covered by both radio and OIR imaging and the base sample for our scientific analyses. Based on the ALMA training set, we expect the accuracy of these identifications to be 82% ± 20%, with a completeness of 69% ± 16%, essentially as accurate as the traditional p-value technique but with higher completeness. We find that the fraction of SCUBA-2 sources having candidate counterparts is lower for fainter 850 μm sources, and we argue that for follow-up observations sensitive to SMGs with S
850 ≳ 1 mJy across the whole ALMA beam, the fraction with multiple counterparts is likely to be >40% for SCUBA-2 sources at S
850 ≳ 4 mJy. We find that the photometric redshift distribution for the SMGs is well fit by a lognormal distribution, with a median redshift of z = 2.3 ± 0.1. After accounting for the sources without any radio and/or OIRTC counterpart, we estimate the median redshift to be z = 2.6 ± 0.1 for SMGs with S
850 > 1 mJy. We also use this new large sample to study the clustering of SMGs and the far-infrared properties of the unidentified submillimeter sources by stacking their Herschel SPIRE far-infrared emission.
ISM MASSES AND THE STAR FORMATION LAW AT Z = 1 TO 6: ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF DUST CONTINUUM IN 145 GALAXIES IN THE COSMOS SURVEY FIELD
Authors: Scoville N. , Sheth K. , Aussel H. , Bout P. Vanden , Capak P. , Bongiorno A. , Casey C. M. , Murchikova L. , Koda J. , Álvarez-Márquez J. , Lee N. , Laigle C. , McCracken H. J. , Ilbert O. , Pope A. , Sanders D. , Chu J. , Toft S. , Ivison R. J. , Manohar S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
ALMA Cycle 2 observations of long-wavelength dust emission in 145 star-forming galaxies are used to probe the evolution of the star-forming interstellar medium (ISM). We also develop a physical basis and empirical calibration (with 72 low-z and z ∼ 2 galaxies) for using the dust continuum as a quantitative probe of ISM masses. The galaxies with the highest star formation rates (SFRs) at

= 2.2 and 4.4 have gas masses up to 100 times that of the Milky Way and gas mass fractions reaching 50%–80%, i.e., gas masses 1-4× their stellar masses. We find a single high-z star formation law:

yr−1—an approximately linear dependence on the ISM mass and an increased star formation efficiency per unit gas mass at higher redshift. Galaxies above the main sequence (MS) have larger gas masses but are converting their ISM into stars on a timescale only slightly shorter than those on the MS; thus, these “starbursts” are largely the result of having greatly increased gas masses rather than an increased efficiency of converting gas to stars. At z > 1, the entire population of star-forming galaxies has ∼2–5 times shorter gas depletion times than low-z galaxies. These shorter depletion times indicate a different mode of star formation in the early universe—most likely dynamically driven by compressive, high-dispersion gas motions—a natural consequence of the high gas accretion rates.
A KECK ADAPTIVE OPTICS SURVEY OF A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED STAR-FORMING GALAXIES: HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION STUDIES OF KINEMATICS AND METALLICITY GRADIENTS
Authors: Leethochawalit Nicha , Jones Tucker A. , Ellis Richard S. , Stark Daniel P. , Richard Johan , Zitrin Adi , Auger Matthew 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We discuss spatially resolved emission line spectroscopy secured for a total sample of 15 gravitationally lensed star-forming galaxies at a mean redshift of

based on Keck laser-assisted adaptive optics observations undertaken with the recently improved OSIRIS integral field unit (IFU) spectrograph. By exploiting gravitationally lensed sources drawn primarily from the CASSOWARY survey, we sample these sub-L

galaxies with source-plane resolutions of a few hundred parsecs ensuring well-sampled 2D velocity data and resolved variations in the gas-phase metallicity. Such high spatial resolution data offer a critical check on the structural properties of larger samples derived with coarser sampling using multiple-IFU instruments. We demonstrate how kinematic complexities essential to understanding the maturity of an early star-forming galaxy can often only be revealed with better sampled data. Although we include four sources from our earlier work, the present study provides a more representative sample unbiased with respect to emission line strength. Contrary to earlier suggestions, our data indicate a more diverse range of kinematic and metal gradient behavior inconsistent with a simple picture of well-ordered rotation developing concurrently with established steep metal gradients in all but merging systems. Comparing our observations with the predictions of hydrodynamical simulations suggests that gas and metals have been mixed by outflows or other strong feedback processes, flattening the metal gradients in early star-forming galaxies.
THE DEDICATED MONITOR OF EXOTRANSITS (DEMONEX): SEVEN TRANSITS OF XO-4b
Authors: Villanueva S. , Eastman J. D. , Gaudi B. S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The DEdicated MONitor of EXotransits (DEMONEX) was a 20-inch robotic and automated telescope to monitor bright stars hosting transiting exoplanets to discover new planets and improve constraints on the properties of known transiting planetary systems. We present results for the misaligned hot Jupiter XO-4b containing seven new transits from the DEMONEX telescope, including three full and four partial transits. We combine these data with archival light curves and archival radial velocity measurements to derive the host star mass

and radius

, the planet mass

and radius

, and a refined ephemeris of

days and

. We include archival Rossiter–McLaughlin measurements of XO-4 to infer the stellar spin–planetary orbit alignment of

degrees. We test the effects of including various detrend parameters, theoretical and empirical mass–radius relations, and Rossiter–McLaughlin models. We infer that detrending against CCD position and time or airmass can improve data quality but can have significant effects on the inferred values of many parameters—most significantly

and the observed central transit times T

C
. In the case of

we find that the systematic uncertainty due to detrending can be three times that of the quoted statistical uncertainties. The choice of mass–radius relation has little effect on our inferred values of the system parameters. The choice of Rossiter–McLaughlin models can have significant effects on the inferred values of

and the stellar spin–planet orbit angle λ.
MODELING THE ORBITAL SAMPLING EFFECT OF EXTRASOLAR MOONS
Authors: Heller René , Hippke Michael , Jackson Brian 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The orbital sampling effect (OSE) appears in phase-folded transit light curves of extrasolar planets with moons. Analytical OSE models have hitherto neglected stellar limb darkening and non-zero transit impact parameters and assumed that the moon is on a circular, co-planar orbit around the planet. Here, we present an analytical OSE model for eccentric moon orbits, which we implement in a numerical simulator with stellar limb darkening that allows for arbitrary transit impact parameters. We also describe and publicly release a fully numerical OSE simulator (PyOSE) that can model arbitrary inclinations of the transiting moon orbit. Both our analytical solution for the OSE and PyOSE can be used to search for exomoons in long-term stellar light curves such as those by Kepler and the upcoming PLATO mission. Our updated OSE model offers an independent method for the verification of possible future exomoon claims via transit timing variations and transit duration variations. Photometrically quiet K and M dwarf stars are particularly promising targets for an exomoon discovery using the OSE.
AN ADJOINT-BASED METHOD FOR THE INVERSION OF THE JUNO AND CASSINI GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS INTO WIND FIELDS
Authors: Galanti Eli , Kaspi Yohai 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
During 2016–17, the Juno and Cassini spacecraft will both perform close eccentric orbits of Jupiter and Saturn, respectively, obtaining high-precision gravity measurements for these planets. These data will be used to estimate the depth of the observed surface flows on these planets. All models to date, relating the winds to the gravity field, have been in the forward direction, thus only allowing the calculation of the gravity field from given wind models. However, there is a need to do the inverse problem since the new observations will be of the gravity field. Here, an inverse dynamical model is developed to relate the expected measurable gravity field, to perturbations of the density and wind fields, and therefore to the observed cloud-level winds. In order to invert the gravity field into the 3D circulation, an adjoint model is constructed for the dynamical model, thus allowing backward integration. This tool is used for the examination of various scenarios, simulating cases in which the depth of the wind depends on latitude. We show that it is possible to use the gravity measurements to derive the depth of the winds, both on Jupiter and Saturn, also taking into account measurement errors. Calculating the solution uncertainties, we show that the wind depth can be determined more precisely in the low-to-mid-latitudes. In addition, the gravitational moments are found to be particularly sensitive to flows at the equatorial intermediate depths. Therefore, we expect that if deep winds exist on these planets they will have a measurable signature by Juno and Cassini.
FIRST LABORATORY MEASUREMENT OF THE J = 1 − 0 TRANSITIONS OF 36ArH+ AND 38ArH+: NEW, IMPROVED REST FREQUENCIES FOR ASTRONOMICAL SEARCHES
Authors: Bizzocchi Luca , Dore Luca , Esposti Claudio Degli , Tamassia Filippo 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The recent detections of

and

in the interstellar medium have triggered interest in argonium. This molecular cation has proved to be widespread in our galaxy in the diffuse medium and may serve as a very specific tracer of atomic gas and as a proxy for the cosmic-ray ionization rate. Pure rotational transitions of the two isotopologues detected in the ISM have never been recorded in the laboratory until this work. Here, we report on the first detection of the

transition of both

and

produced in a low-pressure glow discharge. All of the rotational and ro-vibrational transition frequencies available have been analyzed in global multi-isotopologues fit to give a comprehensive set of isotopic independent spectroscopic parameters. These data allow us to compute an improved set of rotational and ro-vibrational rest frequencies to assist astronomical searches of

.
Le vieillissement
Authors: Dion Michèle 
Published: March 2016

Le vieillissement de la population, expression « inventée » par Alfred Sauvy en 1928 concernait à l’époque essentiellement la France. Le phénomène touche aujourd’hui, avec plus ou moins d’acuité, l’ensemble des pays développés et gagne même certains pays en développement. Son processus suit sensiblement le même cours : à une première chute de la mortalité qui favorise les âges jeunes et provoque un rajeunissement de la population, succèdent une baisse de l’intensité de la fécondité, qui génère une diminution du nombre de naissances, et un report de l’âge au décès à des niveaux jamais atteints, qui favorise la surreprésentation des aînés. L’Europe est au cœur de ce vieillissement et ce d’autant plus qu’après avoir bénéficié du baby-boom, elle affronte aujourd’hui le papy-boom. Après la présentation d’un état des lieux, cet article se propose de voir comment ont évolué les indicateurs démographiques de la fécondité et de la mortalité des vingt-huit pays qui composent l’UE, quels sont leurs niveaux à l’heure actuelle et ce qu’ils laissent augurer pour les années à venir.
L’Europe face au sous-développement : les pays d’Afrique, Caraïbes et Pacifique
Authors: Charbit Yves 
Published: March 2016

Les dynamiques démographiques dans les pays ACP et dans ceux de l’UE ont abouti à des structures par âge et des rythmes de croissance profondément différents. Les premiers sont caractérisés par une fécondité élevée, les seconds par des populations vieillissantes.	Les transferts d’argent envoyés par les migrants travaillant en Europe contribuent au développement des pays d’origine sachant qu’ils ont une double dimension, macro-économique et sociale. Deux conséquences économiques et sociales des dynamiques démographiques actuelles sont ensuite analysées : le dividende démographique ; le brain drain dans les secteurs de l’éducation et de la santé. Des situations de type gagnant-gagnant sont possibles.
« Within You Without You » : les Beatles et la gauche britannique
Authors: Tranmer Jeremy 
Published: March 2016

Cet article aborde les rapports complexes entre les Beatles et la gauche britannique dans les années 1960. Il examine les actions politiques du groupe ainsi que les réactions de la gauche face à sa réussite, et compare l’opportunisme passager des travaillistes, les hésitations des communistes et l’enthousiasme de certains trotskistes. Prenant en compte les spécificités de la vie politique et culturelle britannique, il cherche à déterminer l’impact des interactions des Beatles avec la gauche sur l’engagement politique des musiciens britanniques dans les années suivantes. Il prend comme exemple l’organisation politique Rock Against Racism.
Differences between groundwater fauna in shallow and in deep intergranular aquifers as an indication of different characteristics of habitats and hydraulic connections
Authors: Brancelj Anton , Žibrat Uroš , Jamnik Brigita 
Published: March 2016

<p>The fauna in the hyporheic zones of rivers has been relatively well studied but that from the phreatic zone remains comparatively unknown and there are few investigations into deeper intergranular aquifers (over 30 m in depth) due to technical difficulties. Two shallow boreholes of 29 m depth and two deep boreholes of 100 m depth, both near Ljubljana (Slovenia), were sampled more than 30 times between 14 January 2008 and 3 March 2009. On each occasion 14.4 to 18.0 m<sup>3</sup> of water were abstracted using a high-capacity pump, then filtered by means of a plankton net with a mesh size of 60 µm. Organisms larger than 2 mm were damaged by the pump rotors, but their identification was still possible, while smaller representatives of the Copepoda (Crustacea) passed the rotors without damage. A near-by artesian borehole was sampled on 6 occasions. Water chemistry, physical properties and faunal composition analyses were carried out for each borehole. A total of 32 taxa, 24 of which were stygobites, were identified. Copepoda alone were represented by 16 species, 15 of which were stygobites. The shallow boreholes differ from the deep boreholes in their higher temperatures and higher concentrations of K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> ions. The copepod communities in samples from the shallow boreholes differ sharply from those from the deep boreholes. There were also clear differences between shallow boreholes in two aquifers located a few kilometres apart, in physical and chemical characteristics as well as in fauna composition. Taxa with different ecological affinities, collected from groundwater, are indicators of hydraulic connections between different parts of an aquifer as well as of communication between surface and subsurface water bodies. The present study suggests that subterranean fauna, as well as epigean fauna, can provide effective support for classical dye/salt tracing experiments.</p>