bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical neural networks: progress and challenges
Authors: Fu Tingzhao , Zhang Jianfa , Sun Run , Huang Yuyao , Xu Wei , Yang Sigang , Zhu Zhihong , Chen Hongwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence has prevailed in all trades and professions due to the assistance of big data resources, advanced algorithms, and high-performance electronic hardware. However, conventional computing hardware is inefficient at implementing complex tasks, in large part because the memory and processor in its computing architecture are separated, performing insufficiently in computing speed and energy consumption. In recent years, optical neural networks (ONNs) have made a range of research progress in optical computing due to advantages such as sub-nanosecond latency, low heat dissipation, and high parallelism. ONNs are in prospect to provide support regarding computing speed and energy consumption for the further development of artificial intelligence with a novel computing paradigm. Herein, we first introduce the design method and principle of ONNs based on various optical elements. Then, we successively review the non-integrated ONNs consisting of volume optical components and the integrated ONNs composed of on-chip components. Finally, we summarize and discuss the computational density, nonlinearity, scalability, and practical applications of ONNs, and comment on the challenges and perspectives of the ONNs in the future development trends.
Observation of nonlinear fractal higher order topological insulator
Authors: Zhong Hua , Kompanets Victor O. , Zhang Yiqi , Kartashov Yaroslav V. , Cao Meng , Li Yongdong , Zhuravitskii Sergei A. , Skryabin Nikolay N. , Dyakonov Ivan V. , Kalinkin Alexander A. , Kulik Sergei P. , Chekalin Sergey V. , Zadkov Victor N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) are unique materials hosting topologically protected states, whose dimensionality is at least by 2 lower than that of the bulk. Topological states in such insulators may be strongly confined in their corners which leads to considerable enhancement of nonlinear processes involving such states. However, all nonlinear HOTIs demonstrated so far were built on periodic bulk lattice materials. Here, we demonstrate the first nonlinear photonic HOTI with the fractal origin. Despite their fractional effective dimensionality, the HOTIs constructed here on two different types of the Sierpiński gasket waveguide arrays, may support topological corner states for unexpectedly wide range of coupling strengths, even in parameter regions where conventional HOTIs become trivial. We demonstrate thresholdless spatial solitons bifurcating from corner states in nonlinear fractal HOTIs and show that their localization can be efficiently controlled by the input beam power. We observe sharp differences in nonlinear light localization on outer and multiple inner corners and edges representative for these fractal materials. Our findings not only represent a new paradigm for nonlinear topological insulators, but also open new avenues for potential applications of fractal materials to control the light flow.
A wearable adaptive penile rigidity monitoring system for assessment of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Wang Xiangyang , Wang Ruojiang , Zhang Yuyang , Wu You , Wu Xu , Luo Zihao , Chang Yu , Zhang Xiansheng , Pan Tingrui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractErectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent type of sexual dysfunction, and continuous monitoring of penile tumescence and rigidity during spontaneous nocturnal erections is crucial for its diagnosis and classification. However, the current clinical standard device, limited by its active mechanical load, is bulky and nonwearable and strongly interferes with erections, which compromises both monitoring reliability and patient compliance. Here, we report a wearable adaptive rigidity monitoring (WARM) system that employs a measurement principle without active loads, allowing for the assessment of penile tumescence and rigidity through a specifically designed elastic dual-ring sensor. The dual-ring sensor, comprising two strain-sensing rings with distinct elastic moduli, provides high resolution (0.1%), robust mechanical and electrical stability (sustaining over 1000 cycles), and strong interference resistance. An integrated flexible printed circuit (FPC) collects and processes sensing signals, which are then transmitted to the host computer via Bluetooth for ED assessment. Additionally, we validated the WARM system against the clinical standard device using both a penile model and healthy volunteers, achieving high consistency. Furthermore, the system facilitates the continuous evaluation of penile erections during nocturnal tumescence tests with concurrent sleep monitoring, demonstrating its ability to minimize interference with nocturnal erections. In conclusion, the WARM system offers a fully integrated, wearable solution for continuous, precise, and patient-friendly measurement of penile tumescence and rigidity, potentially providing more reliable and accessible outcomes than existing technologies.
Comparison of methods for cancer stem cell detection in prognosis of early stages NSCLC
Authors: Chandouri Boutaîna , Naves Thomas , Yassine May , Ikhlef Léa , Tricard Jérémy , Chaunavel Alain , Homayed Zeinab , Pannequin Julie , Girard Nicolas , Durand Stéphanie , Carré Vincent , Lalloué Fabrice 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment in lung cancer, therapies still fail to improve patient management due to resistance mechanisms and relapses. As Cancer stem cells (CSCs) directly contribute to tumor growth and therapeutic resistance, their clinical detection represents a major challenge. However specific and additional CSC markers lack. Thus, our aim was to achieve selective detection of CSCs with specific glycan patterns and assess the CSCs burden to predict the risk of relapse in NSCLC tumors.

Methods
The lung CSCs detection and sorting with a lectin MIX were assessed and compared to CD133 in vitro. Then, its putative role as CSC biomarker was evaluated in vivo and its clinical significance on 221 NSCLC patients.

Results
We showed a significant CSCs enrichment in the MIX+ sorted fraction compared to CD133+ cells and confirmed its high tumorigenic capacity. The MIX prognostic value on the overall survival from early stages patients was validated suggesting its potential for detecting CSCs directly linked to tumor aggressiveness.

Conclusion
The MIX could be more relevant for detecting and sorting CSCs than CD133. Moreover, its prognosis value could enable clinicians to better classify early-stage patients at high risk of relapse in order to tailor therapeutic decisions.
Unveiling the charge density wave mechanism in vanadium-based Bi-layered kagome metals
Authors: Yang Yi-Chen , Cho Soohyun , Li Tong-Rui , Liu Xiang-Qi , Liu Zheng-Tai , Jiang Zhi-Cheng , Ding Jian-Yang , Xia Wei , Tao Zi-Cheng , Liu Jia-Yu , Jing Wen-Chuan , Huang Yu , Shi Yu-Ming , Huh Soonsang , Kondo Takeshi , Sun Zhe , Liu Ji-Shan , Ye Mao , Wang Yi-Lin , Guo Yan-Feng , Shen Da-Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The charge density wave (CDW), as a hallmark of vanadium-based kagome superconductor AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs), has attracted intensive attention. However, the fundamental controversy regarding the underlying mechanism of CDW therein persists. Recently, the vanadium-based bi-layered kagome metal ScV6Sn6, reported to exhibit a long-range charge order below 94 K, has emerged as a promising candidate to further clarify this core issue. Here, employing micro-focusing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (μ-ARPES) and first-principles calculations, we systematically studied the unique CDW order in vanadium-based bi-layered kagome metals by comparing ScV6Sn6 with its isostructural counterpart YV6Sn6, which lacks a CDW ground state. Combining ARPES data and the corresponding joint density of states (DOS), we suggest that the VHS nesting mechanism might be invalid in these materials. Besides, in ScV6Sn6, we identified multiple hybridization energy gaps resulting from CDW-induced band folding, along with an anomalous band dispersion, implying a potential electron-phonon coupling-driven mechanism underlying the formation of the CDW order. Our finding not only comprehensively maps the electronic structure of V-based bi-layer kagome metals but also provides constructive experimental evidence for the unique origin of CDW in this system.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor demagnetization fault diagnosis based on PCA-ISSA-PNN
Authors: Yu Yinquan , Li Yang , Zeng Dequan , Hu Yiming , Yang Jinwen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAiming at the demagnetization fault problem of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a demagnetization fault diagnosis method based on the combination of the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, the improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA), and the probabilistic neural network (PNN) algorithm is proposed. First, the principal components of phase currents are extracted using PCA. Second, ISSA is used to optimize the smoothing coefficients of the PNN algorithm, and the optimized PNN algorithm is combined with PCA to obtain the PCA-ISSA-PNN fault diagnosis model. Finally, the established fault diagnosis model was tested using the current data collected from the experiments and compared with the fault diagnosis indexes and optimization performance of the conventional PNN, PCA-PNN, PCA-GA (genetic algorithm)-PNN, PCA-DA (dragonfly algorithm)-PNN, PCA-GTO (artificial gorilla troop optimizer)-PNN, PCA-AHA-PNN, and PCA-SSA-PNN. The test results show that the fault diagnosis accuracy of PCA-ISSA-PNN reaches 95.83%, and the fault diagnosis indexes are significantly higher than those of PNN, PCA-PNN, PCA-GA-PNN, and PCA-DA-PNN; its optimization performance is also significantly better than that of PCA-GTO-PNN, PCA-AHA-PNN, and PCA-SSA-PNN, which verifies the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
The Effects of Functional Reading Activities to Motivate and Empower for Autistic Young Adults: A Single-Case Design Study
Authors: Prahl Alison 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Functional Reading Activities to Motivate and Empower (FRAME) on use of reading comprehension strategies in intellectually and/or developmentally disabled young adults.

Method:
A single-case, multiple-probe design across functional literacy stimuli (e.g., text messages, e-mails) was replicated across three intellectually or developmentally disabled 23- to 26-year-old young adults, all of whom had a primary diagnosis of autism. Within FRAME, reading comprehension strategies were taught and practiced within the context of functional texts or activities of daily living that involve written language (e.g., text messages, e-mails). Each session followed the teach-model-coach-review approach and was conducted via telepractice. Participants' use of reading comprehension strategies was measured in baseline, intervention, maintenance, and with generalization probes.

Results:
Visual analysis of the data indicated a functional relation between FRAME and the use of reading comprehension strategies for two of the three autistic young adults. All participants maintained increased use of reading comprehension strategies post-intervention.

Conclusions:
This study provides preliminary evidence that FRAME is associated with improved use of reading comprehension strategies that maintains over time. Thus, FRAME has the potential to support continued improvement of functional reading skills throughout the lifespan, which is critical as autistic individuals make the transition from adolescence to adult life. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of the intervention on more distal outcomes of written language and to examine how to best tailor the intervention to individual differences to optimize outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26882422
Hearing What You Can't See: Influence of Face Masks on Speech Perception and Eye Movement by Adults With Hearing Loss
Authors: Fajardo Inmaculada , Gómez-Merino Nadina , Ferrer Antonio , Rodríguez-Ortiz Isabel R. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to analyze how face masks influence speech perception and time spent looking at the speaker's mouth and eyes by adults with and without hearing loss.

Method:
Twenty participants with hearing loss and 20 without were asked to repeat Spanish words presented in various conditions, including different types of face masks (no mask, transparent window mask, and opaque mask FFP2) and presentation modes (audiovisual, video only, and audio only). Recognition accuracy and the percentage of time looking at the speaker's eyes and mouth (dwell time) were measured.

Results:
In the audiovisual condition, participants with hearing loss had significantly better word recognition scores when the speaker wore no mask compared to when they wore an opaque face mask. However, there were no differences between the transparent mask and no mask conditions. For those with typical hearing, the type of face mask did not affect speech recognition. Audiovisual presentation consistently improved speech recognition for participants with hearing loss across all face mask conditions, but for those with typical hearing, it only improved compared to video-only mode. These participants demonstrated a ceiling effect in audiovisual and audio-only modes. Regarding eye movement patterns, participants spent less time looking at the speaker's mouth and more time at the eyes when the speaker wore an opaque mask compared to no mask or a transparent mask.

Conclusion:
The use of transparent face masks (ClearMask-type model) is recommended in contexts where face masks are still used (hospitals) to prevent the hindering effect of opaque masks (FFP2-type model) in speech perception among people with hearing loss, provided that any fogging of the window of the transparent mask is controlled by wiping it off as needed and the light is in front of the speaker to minimize shadows.
Toward Process-Oriented, Dimensional Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment of Speech Sound Disorders in Children: Position Statement and Future Perspectives
Authors: Maassen Ben , Terband Hayo 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Children with speech sound disorders (SSD) form a heterogeneous group, with respect to severity, etiology, proximal causes, speech error characteristics, and response to treatment. Infants develop speech and language in interaction with neurological maturation and general perceptual, motoric, and cognitive skills in a social–emotional context.

Purpose:
After a brief introduction into psycholinguistic models of speech production and levels of causation, in this review article, we present an in-depth overview of mechanisms and processes, and the dynamics thereof, which are crucial in typical speech development. These basic mechanisms and processes are: (a) neurophysiological motor refinement, that is, the maturational articulatory mechanisms that drive babbling and the more differentiated production of larger speech patterns; (b) sensorimotor integration, which forms the steering function from phonetics to phonology; and (c) motor hierarchy and articulatory phonology describing the gestural organization of syllables, which underlie fluent speech production. These dynamics have consequences for the diagnosis and further analysis of SSD in children. We argue that current diagnostic classification systems do not do justice to the multilevel, multifactorial, and interactive character of the underlying mechanisms and processes. This is illustrated by a recent Dutch study yielding distinct performance profiles among children with SSD, which allows for a dimensional interpretation of underlying processing deficits.

Conclusions:
Analyses of mainstream treatments with respect to the treatment goals and the speech mechanisms addressed show that treatment programs are quite transparent in their aims and approach and how they contribute to remediating specific deficits or mechanisms. Recent studies into clinical reasoning reveal that the clinical challenge for speech-language pathologists is how to select the most appropriate treatment at the most appropriate time for each individual child with SSD. We argue that a process-oriented approach has merits as compared to categorical diagnostics as a toolbox to aid in the interpretation of the speech profile in terms of underlying deficits and to connect these to a specific intervention approach and treatment target.
Secure multiple adaptive kernel diffusion LMS algorithm for distributed estimation over sensor networks
Authors: Khoshkalam Zahra , Zayyani Hadi , Korki Mehdi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a kernel‐based approach to enhance the security of distributed estimation in the presence of adversary links. Adversary links often degrade distributed recovery algorithm performance in distributed estimation. The authors propose secure distributed estimation algorithms employing an adaptive kernel and adaptive combination coefficients derived from it. The authors’ method includes a multiple kernel approach with varied widths and a heuristic formula for combination coefficients, improving performance in the presence of adversary links. Additionally, the approach is extended to single exponential kernels with fixed and adaptive widths, treating them as special cases. The multiple kernel method is used because it provides more degrees of freedom compared to a single kernel, leading to better results. Simulation results show that the proposed multiple kernel approach achieves performance close to the diffusion least mean square algorithm in the absence of attacks. The adaptive nature of the kernel and coefficients enhances algorithm robustness, making it promising for secure distributed estimation in the presence of adversary links.
Are all starbursts equal? Star-formation-rate profiles in merger versus secular starbursts
Authors: Thorp Mallory D. , Ellison Sara L. , Galicia Ana 
Published: September 2024

Aims. Galaxy interactions can trigger drastic changes in the resolved star-forming properties of their constituents, but it remains unclear as to whether those changes are discernible from secular starburst triggers. In this Letter we investigate whether or not post-merger galaxies create unique star-forming trends on a kiloparsec scale.
Methods. We present radial trends in star-formation-rate (SFR) surface density (ΣSFR) for 150 post-merger galaxies with moderate to extremely heightened global SFRs using observations from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. We juxtapose these profiles with those of noninteracting galaxies (excluding both galaxy pairs and post-merger galaxies) with similarly enhanced global SFRs.
Results. Post-merger galaxies have a much stronger central starburst than isolated galaxies with similar global star-formation enhancements. Indeed, isolated starburst galaxies (SBs) lack a marked central enhancement and instead show a fairly uniform enhancement in ΣSFR with radius. Moreover, the difference in central star formation between post-merger galaxies and noninteracting galaxies is more radially extended and pronounced when the global enhancement in star formation is larger. We conclude that post-merger galaxies create a unique signature in their resolved star-forming properties that is distinct from secular processes that can trigger similar global SFR enhancements.
Extraction of ketamine and dexmedetomidine by extracorporeal life support circuits
Authors: Chevalier Andrew , Porter Hunt J. , Whelan Aviva , McKnite Autumn , Watt Kevin M. , Green Danielle J. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients supported with extracorporeal life support (ECLS) circuits such as ECMO and CRRT often require high doses of sedatives and analgesics, including ketamine and dexmedetomidine. Concentrations of many medications are affected by ECLS circuits through adsorption to the circuit components, dialysis, as well as the large volume of blood used to prime the circuits. However, the impact of ECLS circuits on ketamine and dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics has not been well described. This study determined ketamine and dexmedetomidine extraction by extracorporeal circuits in an ex-vivo system. Methods: Medication was administered at therapeutic concentration to blood-primed, closed-loop ex-vivo ECMO and CRRT circuits. Drug concentrations were measured in plasma, hemofiltrate, and control samples at multiple time points throughout the experiments. At each sample time point, the percentage of drug recovery was calculated. Results: Ketamine plasma concentration in the ECMO and CRRT circuits decreased rapidly, with 43.8% recovery (SD = 0.6%) from ECMO circuits after 8 h and 3.3% (SD = 1.8%) recovery from CRRT circuits after 6 h. Dexmedetomidine was also cleared from CRRT circuits, with 20.3% recovery (SD = 1.8%) after 6 h. Concentrations of both medications were very stable in the control experiments, with approximately 100% drug recovery of both ketamine and dexmedetomidine after 6 h. Conclusion: Ketamine and dexmedetomidine concentrations are significantly affected by ECLS circuits, indicating that dosing adjustments are needed for patients supported with ECMO and CRRT.
Stress shielding in stemmed reverse shoulder arthroplasty: an updated review
Authors: Vasiliadis Angelo V. , Giovanoulis Vasileios , Lepidas Nikolaos , Bampis Ioannis , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sebastien , Gunst Stanislas 
Published: September 2024

Background: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is popular for the treatment of degenerative glenohumeral joint disease. Bone remodeling around the humeral stem related to stress shielding (SS) has been described. This review focuses on the specific radiological characteristics, risk factors, and clinical consequences of SS in RSA.Methods: A meticulous review was conducted of articles published between 2013 and 2023. Data on the definition, risk factors, and clinical impact of stress shielding were recorded.Results: Twenty-eight studies describing 2691 patients who had undergone RSA were included. The mean age of patients ranged from 63 to 80 years with mean follow-up periods of 12 months to 9.6 years. The prevalence of SS reached up to 39% at a 2-year follow-up. Females and elderly are typically at higher risk due to osteopenia. SS was more frequent with the use of long stems(>100 mm) compared to short stems(<100 mm). Stem design, onlay or inlay, and neck-shaft-angle did not influence SS. Frontal misalignment and a high filling ratio are riskfactors for SS. Biological factors also contribute to SS, associated with scapular notching. No correlation was found between SS and clinical outcomes.Conclusions: SS is common in patients with cementless implants after RSA, especially in female and elderly patients. It can be limited by implanting stems with a low diaphyseal filling-ratio, in correct coronal alignment. Risk factors for polyethylene debris, primarily scapular notching, should be avoided. The authors found no clinical consequences of stress shielding, but longer-term follow-up studies are required to confirm these findings.