bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Forensic Relevance of Paedophilia in the Assessment of Child Molesters
Authors: Eher Reinhard 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Diagnostic criteria for paedophilia (or paedophilic disorder) have repeatedly been reported not to meet the requirements of reliability and validity. This seriously diminishes the putative relevance of the diagnosis given by some diagnosticians and decision‐makers. Other clinicians, on the other hand, may virtually ignore paedophilia as a risk‐relevant disorder, or may simply qualify the diagnosis based solely on the fact that a person has committed sexual offences against minors. Not only have the diagnostic criteria been criticized for lacking a logical conception, but the forensic relevance of the diagnosis has also been seriously questioned. Studies investigating the discriminant and predictive validity of the diagnosis of paedophilia have produced ambiguous results. In this chapter, the most current research is reviewed, focusing on clinical, psychometric, physiological, and latency‐based methods for defining paedophilia. Findings are presented with a special emphasis on their relevance for risk assessment and risk management.
Use of the
DSM
‐5 Paraphilias Taxonomy and its Residual Categories in Sexually Violent Predator Evaluations
Authors: Wollert Richard , Frances Allen 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Evaluators have used the taxonomy for the paraphilias and residual paraphilias from the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for 20 years to make mental abnormality determinations in sexually violent predator (SVP) cases. There are serious problems with including residual paraphilias in SVP evaluations. This chapter considers these issues from taxonometric, historical, and contemporary perspectives. It also describes details in DSM‐5 that bear on SVP and sex offender evaluations. We discourage assigning residual diagnoses for various reasons. Two are that they are characterized by great reliability deficiencies that produce high levels of diagnostic uncertainty. Most damning is APA's explicit rejection of proposals to include paraphilic coercive disorder (rape), hebephilia, and hypersexuality in DSM‐5. These labels were inappropriately included in SVP evaluations as residual paraphilias. Evaluators should warn the courts about the conceptual limits of using the paraphilias taxonomy to locate sex offenders on legal taxonomies.
Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessing Sexual Preference
Authors: Jordan Kirsten , Fromberger Peter , Müller Jürgen L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe assessment of deviant sexual preference has a long tradition in forensic psychiatry and psychology, as it is one of the strongest predictors for sexual offence recidivism. So far, however, the development of a reliable clinical tool for assessing sexual preference based on brain imaging methods has been unsuccessful. Predicated on the extensive research in basic science, this chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge in measuring sexual arousal and sexual preference in healthy subjects and paraphilic patients using functional brain imaging methods. After a description of the most common methods and experimental designs, studies with healthy subjects are discussed, showing a relatively clear network evoked by sexual arousing stimuli. Furthermore, with respect to the main focus of the chapter, imaging studies on assessing sexual preference are of interest. In the following section, neurobiological models of paraphilia, especially paedophilia, are described, and also studies focusing on structural brain abnormalities in paraphilic patients. Moreover, methods for and results of functional brain imaging studies are discussed that address the question of the underlying neuronal basis of sexual preference in paraphilic subjects. Finally, the potential and limitations of the assessment of (deviant) sexual preference using functional magnetic resonance imaging are critically discussed.
Indirect Measures of Deviant Sexual Interest
Authors: Bartels Ross M. , Gray Nicola S. , Snowden Robert J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Latency‐ and accuracy‐based indirect measures have become of increasing interest to researchers and clinicians who work with sexual offenders. Most notably, they have been regarded as a useful tool for measuring deviant sexual interests, as they are thought to circumvent many of the issues associated with existing assessment tools. Thus, a number of tasks have been adapted indirectly assess deviant sexual interest and an increasing body of research detailing their utility and psychometric properties has amassed. This chapter examines this literature, providing a comprehensive overview that it is hoped will prove useful for both clinicians and researchers. Specifically, details on how each measure works, their underlying rationale, their validity and reliability, and their limitations are discussed. Suggestions for future research are also offered throughout the chapter.
Internet Offenders
Authors: Quayle Ethel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter considers the historical development of typologies of Internet sex offenders, and frameworks for measuring both their behaviour and the risk posed for future offending. What can be seen from the review of the extant literature is a growing knowledge about these crimes and the people who commit them that allows a differentiation of offending behaviours and motivations. This has led to a differentiation between those who use the Internet to enable sexual fantasy, through either the use and exchange of images or sexual engagement online with young people, and those whose use of technology is primarily motivated by a bid to commit contact offences against children in their more immediate social environment. What has yet to be fully understood is the potentially unique role that technology plays in these offences, both in setting the scene for the onset of the offence and in acting as a facilitator for future offending.
Mentally Ill Sex Offenders
Authors: Brink Johann , Chu Karen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe identification, assessment, treatment, and community management of two distinct but overlapping criminal justice populations have mustered over the past two decades the increased interest of clinicians, researchers, policy‐makers, and politicians: those with major mental illness and those who have committed a sexual offence. Although much is known about the clinical characteristics of offenders with major mental illness and best management of sex offenders, a body of research has only recently evolved that addresses the clinical, legal, and policy‐related aspects regarding mentally ill sex offenders. This chapter examines the extant scientific literature on the co‐occurrence of major mental illness and sexual offending, identifies knowledge gaps, and explores public policy and mental health responses and implications for clinical excellence and public safety.
Risk Assessment for Sexual Offenders
Authors: Craig Leam A. , Rettenberger Martin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter begins with a review of the literature on the current methods used to assess sexual recidivism risk in sexual offenders based on the presence of static and dynamic risk factors. We consider the development of actuarial risk assessment instruments and structured dynamic frameworks and describe approaches used to assess treatment targets and areas of intervention currently used by the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) in England and Wales. Recent developments in structured dynamic assessment processes emphasize the inclusion of protective factors making more explicit issues of responsivity and also factors of desistance part of a more balanced assessment framework. We then consider emerging research that suggests functional links between static and dynamic risk factors which may be better understood as artefacts of the same behavioural and psychological vulnerabilities acting as markers for underlying dispositions. We conclude by discussing the current definitions of dynamic risk and suggest that viewing dynamic factors as clinical symptoms of psychological vulnerabilities may lead to improvements in risk assessment and in the composition of treatment programmes.
Treatment of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities and Problematic Sexual Behaviours
Authors: Boer Douglas P. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This chapter reviews the primary treatment models for persons with intellectual disabilities and problematic sexual behaviours. Most current programmes include practical applications of combinations of current treatment models and also special therapeutic considerations seen as core to the responsivity issues of such individuals. In addition, logical additions to these treatment models from a current dynamic risk/strengths assessment instrument and a protective factor model were suggested as means to help formulate treatment targets and also guide intervention and case management. Treatment should be based on core theoretical principles including a focus on criminogenic needs (i.e., dynamic risk issues), keeping in mind the offender's risk levels to ensure appropriate programme intensity, while addressing responsivity issues (i.e., learning styles and ability level of the client), and focusing on increasing client strengths and protective environmental factors.
The Risk–Need–Responsivity Model
Authors: Olver Mark E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter provides an illustration of the application of the risk–need–responsivity (RNR) principles to sex offender treatment, through a review and synthesis of the extant literature. The chapter begins with a brief overview of sex offender treatment outcome research via the results of meta‐analysis and then follows with the description and application of each of the three major principles as it applies to sex offender treatment. The RNR principles are nested within a general personality and cognitive social learning theory of criminal behaviour in addition to an expanded 18‐principle model that includes, among other things, the assessment and integration of client strengths into service delivery. These organizing principles are interwoven throughout the chapter to illustrate applications to sex offender treatment.
Psychoanalytic Treatment of Sex Offenders
Authors: Pfäfflin Friedemann 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter describes the origins of psychotherapy for sex offenders initiated by the social worker and psychoanalyst August Aichhorn in Vienna in the first quarter of the last century. It then focuses on the development of psychodynamic treatment in psychiatry at large, and in forensic psychiatry specifically, before discussing the challenges posed by behavioural and cognitive–behavioural alternatives. Finally, it discusses some aspects of psychodynamic treatment for sex offenders.
Responding to Categorical Denial, Refusal, and Treatment Drop‐Out
Authors: Ware Jayson , Blagden Nicholas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter examines the reasons why sex offenders refuse to participate in or drop out of treatment, or maintain their denial of responsibility. Our argument is that there are most often understandable reasons for each of these offender responses and that, with this knowledge, a number of strategies can be used to respond to sex offender denial, refusal, and treatment drop‐out. The strategies outlined include modifications to the context or setting within which treatment is available and responding to the individual sex offender.
Renoprotection From Diabetic Complications in OVE Transgenic Mice by Endothelial Cell Specific Overexpression of Metallothionein: A TEM Stereological Analysis
Authors: Carlson Edward C. , Chhoun Jennifer M. , Grove Bryon D. , Laturnus Donna I. , Zheng Shirong , Epstein Paul N. , Tan Yi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWe previously demonstrated that OVE transgenic diabetic mice are susceptible to chronic complications of diabetic nephropathy (DN) including substantial oxidative damage to the renal glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Importantly, the damage was mitigated significantly by overexpression of the powerful antioxidant, metallothionein (MT) in podocytes. To test our hypothesis that GFB damage in OVE mice is the result of endothelial oxidative insult, a new JTMT transgenic mouse was designed in which MT overexpression was targeted specifically to endothelial cells. At 60 days of age, JTMT mice were crossed with age‐matched OVE diabetic mice to produce bi‐transgenic OVE‐JTMT diabetic progeny that carried the endothelial targeted JTMT transgene. Renal tissues from the OVE‐JTMT progeny were examined by unbiased TEM stereometry for possible GFB damage and other alterations from chronic complications of DN. In 150 day‐old OVE‐JTMT mice, blood glucose and HbA1c were indistinguishable from age‐matched OVE mice. However, endothelial‐specific MT overexpression in OVE‐JTMT mice mitigated several DN complications including significantly increased non‐fenestrated glomerular endothelial area, and elimination of glomerular basement membrane thickening. Significant renoprotection was also observed outside of endothelial cells, including reduced podocyte effacement, and increased podocyte and total glomerular cell densities. Moreover, when compared to OVE diabetic animals, OVE‐JTMT mice showed significant mitigation of nephromegaly, glomerular hypertrophy, increased mesangial cell numbers and increased total glomerular cell numbers. These results confirm the importance of oxidative stress to glomerular damage in DN, and show the central role of endothelial cell injury to the pathogenesis of chronic complications of diabetes. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:560–576, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Solvent‐Dependent Delamination, Restacking, and Ferroelectric Behavior in a New Charge‐Separated Layered Compound: [NH4][Ag3(C9H5NO4S)2(C13H14N2)2]⋅8 H2O
Authors: Sushrutha Sringeri Ramesh , Mohana Shivanna , Pal Somnath , Natarajan Srinivasan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA new anionic coordination polymer, [NH4][Ag3(C9H5NO4S)2(C13H14N2)2]⋅8 H2O, with a two‐dimensional structure, has been synthesized by a reaction between silver nitrate, 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic acid (HQS), and 4,4′‐trimethylene dipyridine (TMDP). The compound stabilizes in a noncentrosymmetric space group, and the lattice water molecules and the charge‐compensating [NH4]+ group occupy the inter‐lamellar spaces. The lattice water molecules can be fully removed and reinserted, which is accompanied by a crystalline–amorphous–crystalline transformation. This transformation resembles the collapse/delamination and restacking of the layers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of delamination and restacking in an inorganic coordination polymer that contains silver. The presence of a natural dipole (the anionic framework and cationic ammonium ions) along with the noncentrosymmetric space group gives rise to the room‐temperature ferroelectric behavior of the compound. The ferroelectric behavior is also water‐dependent and exhibits a ferroelectric–paraelectric transformation. The temperature‐dependent dielectric measurements indicate that the ferroelectric/ paraelectric transformation occurs at 320 K. This transformation has also been investigated by using in‐situ IR spectroscopy and PXRD studies. The second‐harmonic generation (SHG) study indicated values that are comparable to some of the known SHG solids, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and urea.
Scheduling of directed acyclic graphs by a genetic algorithm with a repairing mechanism
Authors: Amirjanov Adil , Sobolev Konstantin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study has developed a genetic algorithm (GA) approach to the problem of task scheduling for multiprocessor systems. The proposed GA implements the local repairing mechanism and the penalty method, and it does not need tuning of any parameters for high performance. Comparison with other scheduling methods, based on a GA approach, indicates that the proposed GA is competitive in solution quality and also computational cost.
An evaluation of analytical queries on CPUs and coupled GPUs
Authors: Luan Hua , Chang Lei 
Published: November 2016

SummaryRecently, the mainstream hardware vendors such as Intel and AMD have made significant efforts to integrate the central processing unit (CPU) and the graphics processing unit (GPU) into a single chip, which forms a coupled CPU‐GPU architecture. Data transfer between the CPU and the GPU through a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express bus is eliminated on this architecture, which provides new opportunities for database community to optimize query processing. Because of the lack of comprehensive evaluation of database systems on coupled CPU‐GPU platforms, it is difficult for academic and industry researchers to make appropriate decisions on improvement and optimization directions. In this paper, we conduct an extensive experimental study to evaluate an online analytical processing system on Intel and AMD machines. The performance difference is measured and analyzed when executing queries on integrated GPUs and multicore CPUs. The impacts of various parameters, data sizes, and optimization techniques on performance are also investigated. The results provide preliminary insights into database query and operator behaviors on state‐of‐the‐art coupled CPU‐GPU architectures.
Sensitivity analysis on HPC systems with Scalarm platform
Authors: Bachniak Daniel , Rauch Lukasz , Król Dariusz , Liput Jakub , Słota Renata , Kitowski Jacek , Pietrzyk Maciej 
Published: November 2016

SummarySensitivity analysis is widely used in numerical simulations applied in industry. The robustness of such applications is crucial, which means they have to be fast and precise at the same time. However, the conventional approach to sensitivity analysis assumes realization of multiple execution of computationally intensive simulations to discover input/output dependencies. In this paper, we present a novel computational approach for performing large‐scale sensitivity analysis integrated with an extended platform for parameter studies – Scalarm – to make use of modern e‐infrastructures for distribution and parallelization purposes, profitable for complicated industrial problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights into mildly dilated cardiomyopathy: temporal evolution and long‐term prognosis
Authors: Gigli Marta , Stolfo Davide , Merlo Marco , Barbati Giulia , Ramani Federica , Brun Francesca , Pinamonti Bruno , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsMildly dilated cardiomyopathy (MDCM) has been proposed as a subtype of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) characterized by systolic dysfunction in the absence of significant LV dilatation. Few data on the characteristics and outcomes of MDCM patients are available. We sought to assess the main features and the long‐term natural history of MDCM.Methods and resultsFrom 1988 to 2010 we analysed all DCM patients consecutively evaluated at our Institution. MDCM was defined as LVEF <45% and LV end‐diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) ≤70 mL/m2 in women and ≤89 mL/m2 in men. Among a total population of 638 patients, 226 (35%) fulfilled the criteria for MDCM. Compared with the other patients, they presented features of a less advanced disease and an overall long‐term lower rate of all‐cause mortality/heart transplantation (D/HTx; total events = 209; 144 deaths, 65 HTx): D/HTx at 10 years 15% in MDCM vs. 30% in DCM (P < 0.001). However, throughout the follow‐up, 55 MDCM patients (24%) evolved to DCM by increasing LVEDVI, consistently worsening their long‐term prognosis. Among persistent MDCM patients, a restrictive filling pattern [hazard ratio (HR) 5.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.34–12.01, P < 0.001] and non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (HR 2.21; 95% CI 1.003–5.11, P = 0.047), but not LVEF, were independently associated with D/HTx at multivariate analysis [time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve: area under the curve (AUC) 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.94, P = 0.003].ConclusionsMDCM identifies a consistent subgroup of DCMs diagnosed in an earlier stage and presenting an apparent better evolution. However, some MDCMs evolve into DCM despite medical therapy, whereas persistent MDCMs with non‐sustained ventricular arrhythmias and restrictive filling pattern are characterized by a very poor outcome.
Truncating titin mutations are associated with a mild and treatable form of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jansweijer Joeri A. , Nieuwhof Karin , Russo Francesco , Hoorntje Edgar T. , Jongbloed Jan D.H. , Lekanne Deprez Ronald H. , Postma Alex V. , Bronk Marieke , van Rijsingen Ingrid A.W. , de Haij Simone , Biagini Elena , van Haelst Paul L. , van Wijngaarden Jan , van den Berg Maarten P. , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Mannens Marcel M.A.M. , de Boer Rudolf A. , van Spaendonck‐Zwarts Karin Y. , van Tintelen J. Peter , Pinto Yigal M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsTruncating titin mutations (tTTN) occur in 25% of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) cases, but the phenotype and severity of disease they cause have not yet been systematically studied. We studied whether tTTN variants are associated with a clinically distinguishable form of DCM.Methods and resultsWe compared clinical data on DCM probands and relatives with a tTTN mutation (n = 45, n = 73), LMNA mutation (n = 28, n = 29), and probands who tested negative for both genes [idiopathic DCM (iDCM); n = 60]. Median follow‐up was at least 2.5 years in each group. TTN subjects presented with DCM at higher age than LMNA subjects (probands 47.9 vs. 40.4 years, P = 0.004; relatives 59.8 vs. 47.0 years, P = 0.01), less often developed LVEF <35% [probands hazard ratio (HR) 0.38, P = 0.002], had higher age of death (probands 70.4 vs. 59.4 years, P < 0.001; relatives 74.1 vs. 58.4 years, P = 0.008), and had better composite outcome (malignant ventricular arrhythmia, heart transplantation, or death; probands HR 0.09, P < 0.001; relatives HR 0.21, P = 0.02) than LMNA subjects and iDCM subjects (HR 0.36, P = 0.07). An LVEF increase of at least 10% occurred in 46.9% of TTN subjects after initiation of standard heart failure treatment, while this only occurred in 6.5% of LMNA subjects (P < 0.001) and 18.5% of iDCM subjects (P = 0.02). This was confirmed in families with co‐segregation, in which the 10% point LVEF increase occurred in 55.6% of subjects (P = 0.003 vs. LMNA, P = 0.079 vs. iDCM).ConclusionsThis study shows that tTTN‐associated DCM is less severe at presentation and more amenable to standard therapy than LMNA mutation‐induced DCM or iDCM.