bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of logic gates and half adders for the concurrent detection of two DNA molecules
Authors: Jin Xiaoyong , Zhang Di , Meng Lijun , Xu Kaige , Lei Jie , Peng Juan 
Published: September 2024

In this study, Graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles composite membrane electrodes (GCE/GO/AuNPs) were fabricated using drop coating and electrodeposition techniques. By analyzing changes in the probe's surface configuration before and after binding with target DNA, the electrochemical signal varies, enabling the intelligent detection of <em>E. coli</em> and Salmonella DNA. Take the target as the input signal, and Σ|Δ<em>I</em>| and |Δ<em>I</em><sub>MB</sub>/Δ<em>I</em><sub>FC</sub>| constructs “and” and “XOR” DNA molecular logic gates for output, and proposes a new semi adder model that can be used for logic operations. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used to detect the current change value Σ|Δ<em>I</em>| of the two labeled probes, which was consistent with E. The logarithmic values of the concentrations of coli DNA and Sal DNA showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1.0 × 10<sup>−13</sup> to 1.0 × 10<sup>−8</sup> mol·L<sup>−1</sup>, and the detection limits (S/N = 3) were respectively 3.2 × 10<sup>−14</sup> mol·L<sup>–1</sup> and 1.7 × 10<sup>−14</sup> mol·L<sup>−1</sup>.
Development of a liquid fluorometric method for the quantification of Alkylresorcinols in whole wheat
Authors: Wang Yufei , Zhang Xuesong , Xiang Xuesong , Gao Chao , Wang Zhu 
Published: September 2024

<strong>Objective</strong>: To assess the quality of whole wheat products, a method for determining alkylresorcinols (ARs)—markers of whole wheat, black wheat, and other cereal products—was developed. <strong>Methods</strong>: The study focused on wheat and black wheat, using factorial design to evaluate the impact of extraction solvents (acetone, alcohol, and ethyl acetate), extraction techniques (ultrasonic extraction for 30 or 60 minutes, and shaking overnight at room temperature), and sample forms (granules or flour) on AR determination. AR detection conditions were optimized by comparing chromatographic settings and fluorescence scanning wavelengths. The method's effectiveness was validated by measuring AR content in various commercially available cereals. <strong>Results</strong>: Considering reagent toxicity and efficiency, the optimal procedure involved ultrasonically extracting comminuted samples with ethanol for 30 minutes, then analyzing with a Waters CORTES-C18 column using an ethanol: acetonitrile (30:70, v:v) mobile phase. Fluorescence detection was performed at an excitation wavelength of 272 nm and an emission wavelength of 296 nm. The method had a linear range of 0.050–10.0 µg/mL with an <em>R</em>² ≥ 0.9999. Precision experiments showed an RSD of less than 5%, and spiked recovery rates ranged from 94.5% to 104%. The total AR content was 47.9–54.3 mg/100 g in commercially available wheat and 53.6–60.9 mg/100 g in black wheat. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The liquid-fluorescence method established in this study effectively and rapidly separates ARs from wheat and black wheat, offering advantages of simplicity, high sensitivity, and accuracy.
Comparative study on the determination of free formaldehyde residue in vaccines by pre-column derivative liquid chromatography and post-column derivatization liquid chromatography
Authors: Chen Yukun , Liu Congcong , Liang Weiyang 
Published: September 2024

<strong>Objective:</strong> To develop and compare methods for quantifying residual free formaldehyde in vaccines using pre-column and post-column derivatization liquid chromatography, and to assess the consistency between these methods. <strong>Methods:</strong> For pre-column derivatization, we used a Shimadzu LC-20AT liquid chromatograph equipped with an SPD-20A UV detector. Separation was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of 60% acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0. 8 mL·min<sup>−1</sup> and a column temperature of 40 ℃. Detection was performed at 360 nm using a Kromasil 100-5-C<sub>18</sub> (250 mm × 4.6 mm) column. For post-column derivatization, we employed a Shimadzu LC-20AT liquid chromatograph with an SPD-M20A diode array detector and a vector derivative device. Separation was conducted with a mobile phase of 0.2% (V/V) phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min<sup>−1</sup> and a column temperature of 25 ℃. Detection was carried out at 412 nm using a Chrom Core AQ-C<sub>18</sub> (250 mm × 4.6 mm) column. The derivatization solution was acetate buffer, flowing at 0.5 mL·min<sup>−1</sup> and maintained at 100 ℃. Both methods were evaluated for precision, repeatability, and sample recovery, with statistical significance assessed using <em>F</em>-test and <em>t</em>-test. <strong>Results:</strong> The pre-column derivatization method exhibited linearity over the range of 0.025–100 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup> (<em>R</em> = 0.9999, <em>n</em> = 12). Precision showed an RSD value of 0.06%, and repeatability ranged from 0.3% to 1.4%. Average recoveries were between 97.3% and 104.8%, with RSD values from 0.7% to 2.9%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.02 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>. The post-column derivatization method demonstrated linearity in the same range (0.025–100 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, <em>R</em> = 0.9999, <em>n</em> = 12). Precision showed an RSD value of 0.02%, and repeatability ranged from 0.7% to 3.5%. Average recoveries were between 105.6% and 114.6%, with RSD values from 0.3% to 1.9%. The LOQ was 0.02 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, and the LOD was 0.006 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>. Statistical analysis indicated that both methods produced comparable results. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Both pre-column and post-column derivatization liquid chromatography methods are simple, accurate, and highly sensitive, making them suitable for determining residual free formaldehyde in vaccines.
Optimizing X-ray fluorescence spectrometry using fusion sample preparation to quantify ten major and minor elements in manganese ores
Authors: Ma Jingzhi 
Published: September 2024

<span>A rapid and straightforward method has been devised for direct analysis of SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, Al</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>3</sub><span>, Fe, MgO, CaO, K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, Mn, TiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, P, and Zn in manganese ore samples using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). The method employs a glass fusion technique with a flux composed of Li</span><sub>2</sub><span>B</span><sub>4</sub><span>O</span><sub>7</sub><span>, LiBO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, and LiF (in a mass ratio of 45:10:5), NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> as an oxidizing agent, and LiBr as a stripping agent. The method's experimental parameters were fine-tuned, and its performance metrics were assessed. The proposed method was used to analyze the certified reference materials GBW07261 to GBW07266, yielding relative standard deviations (RSD, </span><em>n</em><span> = 12) below 2%. Accuracy was verified using synthetic samples, and the obtained results were in line with the certified values.</span>
Quantification of four sulfonamide residues in prawns using ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersive extraction coupled with pre-column derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Xie Jin , Zhang Hongfeng , Hu Guoyuan , Pen Rongfei , Luo Xiaoyan , Pan Xinhong , Yu Hong 
Published: September 2024

<strong>Objective:</strong> To develop a method for the simultaneous detection of four sulfonamide residues in prawns—sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine—using ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction combined with pre-column derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). <strong>Methods:</strong> By optimizing extraction conditions, ethyl acetate was chosen as the extraction solvent and florisil as the solid dispersion agent. Sulfonamides were extracted from prawns using ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion, then derivatized with fluorescamine and analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. <strong>Results:</strong> The sulfonamides exhibited excellent linearity within the concentration range of 2–100 μg/L, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. Detection limits were 0.5 μg/kg and quantification limits were 2 μg/kg. Spike recoveries for blank prawn samples ranged from 84.4% to 93.9% at 2 and 20 μg/kg, with relative standard deviations (<em>n</em> = 3) below 7.7%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The method is straightforward, efficient, and highly precise, meeting the standards for residue analysis.
A novel method for glucose detection using dual-modal carbon dots for colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence analysis
Authors: Yuan Chunling , Yao Xiaotiao , Xu Yuanjin , Qin Xiu , Shi Rui , Cheng Shiqi , Wang Yilin 
Published: September 2024

<span>Iron-based nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (Fe, N-CDs) were synthesized from taro leaf biomass via a hydrothermal process using ammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate and urea. The synthesized Fe, N-CDs exhibited peroxidase-like activity and strong fluorescence at 450 nm. A dual-mode colorimetric/ratiometric fluorescence assay for hydrogen peroxide (H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>2</sub><span>) detection was developed using Fe, N-CDs and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as probes. In the presence of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, OPD was oxidized to 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP), which is yellow and absorbs at 420 nm. Under 360 nm excitation, DAP emits fluorescence at 550 nm and quenches the fluorescence of Fe, N-CDs at 450 nm due to the internal fluorescence filtering effect. This enables the quantitative analysis of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>2</sub><span> using the absorbance at 420 nm (</span><em>A</em><sub>420</sub><span>) and the fluorescence intensity ratio of DAP to Fe, N-CDs (</span><em>I</em><sub>550</sub><span>/</span><em>I</em><sub>450</sub><span>). Since glucose oxidase can convert glucose to H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, the assay was extended to glucose determination. At pH 5.4, 40 ℃, with 1.75 mmol/L OPD and a 25-minute reaction time, the method showed a linear relationship between the </span><em>A</em><sub>420</sub><span> and </span><em>I</em><sub>550</sub><span>/</span><em>I</em><sub>450</sub><span> values and glucose concentration in the range of 1.0~100 μmol/L, with detection limits of 0.8 μmol/L (colorimetry) and 0.6 μmol/L (ratiometry). The method was validated for glucose detection in human serum.</span>
Characterization of polyribosylribitol phosphate by high performance molecular exclusion chromatography with ultraviolet detection
Authors: Valdés-Cantero Ailen , Méndez-Hernández Yaneylis , Cabrales-Rico Ania , Wood-Duque Mayra , Hernández-Correa Jessica , Díaz-Montel Belinda 
Published: September 2024

<span>Haemophilus influenzae type b is an important human pathogen causing several invasive diseases in children under five years of age, against which glycoconjugated vaccines based on polyribosylribitol phosphate have been licensed. Quimi-Hib</span><sup>®</sup><span> is the first and only vaccine against this pathogen using the polysaccharide obtained by chemical synthesis. The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient is produced by the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and is obtained from its conjugation to tetanus toxoid. In the present report, a characterization of polyribosylribitol phosphate was performed using the high performance molecular exclusion chromatography technique with ultraviolet detection at 215 nm. Three batches were evaluated in the study and the elution profile was determined on a Superdex</span><sup>TM</sup><span> 75 10/300 GL Increase column with a purity percent of 77.42 ± 8.97 and an average molar mass of 7381 Da ± 210.93. The main impurity present in polyribosylribitol phosphate is dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent used in the activation reaction with the N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester of β-maleimidopropionic acid. The polyribosylribitol phosphate was purified by filtration with a 2000 Da Amicon Ultra-15 to 99.1% purity and conjugated to tetanus toxoid. The yield of the conjugation reaction with the purified polysaccharide was 30.0% ± 1.77% which shows no significant difference with the control which was 33.7% ± 3.57% demonstrating that dimethyl sulfoxide does not affect the performance of the conjugation reaction.</span>
Manejo e complicações da Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Ballan Daiana Barbosa , Frozoni Thiago Andrade , De Melo e Souza Aline Cortez , Cançado Maria Clara Ferraz Lopes , Melo Victor Hugo Mundim , Filho Fábio Henrique Soffiati , Gallassi Amanda Vaciski , Campos Letícia Reis , Campos Eleonora Reis , De Castro Thauany Boulos , Guimarães Luana Carolina Rodrigues 
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo geral do presente estudo consiste em analisar a produção científica acerca do Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional, buscando identificar as principais complicações, bem como os principais métodos utilizados no tratamento dessa patologia. Metodologia: É uma revisão sistemática focada em entender os aspectos principais do Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional. A pesquisa foi guiada pela pergunta: “Quais são as complicações e o manejo do Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional, com base nas evidências disponíveis na literatura científica?”. Para encontrar respostas, foram realizadas buscas na base de dados PubMed usando quatro descritores combinados com o termo booleano “AND”. Isso resultou em 408 artigos. Sendo selecionado 31 artigos para análise e utilizados 15 artigos para compor a coletânea. Resultados: O DMG aumenta significativamente o risco de a mãe desenvolver diabetes tipo 2 após a gravidez. Sem intervenções adequadas, uma parcela considerável das mulheres com DMG pode ser diagnosticada com diabetes mellitus dentro de alguns anos após o parto. A resistência à insulina e o aumento da inflamação observados no DMG são fatores-chave que contribuem para esse risco prolongado. Conclusão: O diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) é uma condição caracterizada pela intolerância à glicose durante a gravidez, aumentando o risco de complicações como parto prematuro e macrossomia. O DMG ocorre devido à resistência à insulina, e pode levar ao desenvolvimento de diabetes tipo 2 no futuro. O manejo eficaz envolve monitoramento contínuo, controle dietético e intervenções médicas, essenciais para proteger a saúde da mãe e do feto.
Anatomical Endoscopic Enucleation of the Prostate: An Overview
Authors: Bhandarkar Ajay , Mehta Nisarg , Handa Rishabh 
Published: September 2024

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increase with age, primarily due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO), affecting about 80% of men above 80 years of age with a significant impact on quality of life (QoL). Treatment varies from pharmacotherapy to surgery based on the severity of LUTS. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) has been considered the standard of care for surgical management of LUTS/BPO. However, in the last few decades with technological advancements and shortfalls of TURP, newer techniques for surgical treatment have emerged. These techniques score over TURP in many ways providing significant functional improvements, shorter hospital stays, and lower complication rates compared to conventional resection techniques. Advancements in laser technology and surgical approaches have established anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP) as a gold standard for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery. AEEP offers excellent functional outcomes, reduced bleeding risks, shorter catheterization times, and lower hospital stays, making it suitable for a wide range of patients, especially those with large prostates. Long-term functional outcomes of AEEP are superior to TURP irrespective of the technique or energies used. Future research should aim to optimize surgical techniques, explore ejaculatory-sparing approaches, and standardize outcome reporting to further solidify AEEP’s role in BPO treatment.
Defect-Induced Ferromagnetism in ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Kisan Bhagaban , Kumar Das Rajat 
Published: September 2024

ZnO nanoparticles of different sizes were produced using a high-energy mechanical milling process. The average crystallite size drops from ∼28 to ∼11 nm after milling for 60 hours, the effective strain rises, and both the unmilled and milled powders exhibit a wurtzite structure. The crystallite size value increases (∼20–26 nm) with air annealing at 600°C. The pure ZnO powders show paramagnetism and eventually reveal ferromagnetism with moderate moment and large coercivity at ambient temperature. For the tm = 40 hours, ZnO powder generated a moment of ∼0.9 emu/g at 12 kOe applied field and a coercivity value of ∼172 Oe. Further, Hc and Ms increase with decreasing temperature. ZFC and FC curve shows the ferromagnetic in nature. Furthermore, oxygen (VO) and zinc vacancies (VZn) were the primary causes of intrinsic defects, supported by Raman scattering spectra. Therefore, ZnO nanoparticles with magnetic characteristics that may be adjusted show promise for use in multipurpose spintronic devices.
Socio-Economic and Environmental Effects of Difference Scale in Sewage Sludge Recycling System Considering Ecological Value in China
Authors: Zhang Jiawen , Matsumoto Toru 
Published: September 2024

With China’s ongoing economic development and increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the number of sewage plants is increasing annually and sludge production is increasing. This study analyzed the scale effect of sludge treatment and recycling systems (STRS) with different technologies (i.e., incineration, aerobic composting, used in material, anaerobic digestion) on the performance of environment an socio-economy by life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC). The LCA results showed that aerobic composting had a better impact on climate change (−1.53E−03 kg CO2 eq/p/yr) than other methods, while the whole life cost (WLC) results showed the scenario of using in material had the less cost in four scenarios. Moreover, the socio-economic impact of introducing a carbon ecological compensation mechanism into the STRS to achieve carbon neutrality was analyzed taking Tianjin as an example. In the future, it is recommended to consider and incorporate the environmentally friendly impacts of STRS with various scales into the carbon ecological compensation mechanism.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authors: Muhammad Athar Hussain  , Nazish Akhtar  , Sana Kiran  , Mehwish Noreen  
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted to find out the role of Artificial Intelligence in education. The objectives of this study are: 1) To examine the significance of artificial intelligence in the field of education. 2) To determine the problems and possibilities of using artificial intelligence within the land of education, examining the relevant factors is important. 3) To explore the challenges of artificial intelligence inherent in the educational field. 4) To examine the potential benefits of incorporating artificial intelligence in education. The population of this study is all colleges (government and private) in the district of Rahim Yar Khan. Of these 20 colleges, 400 students (boys and girls) and 150 teachers (males and females) participated as a sample. The study is descriptive, and the quantitative research method is utilized. Two self-structured questionnaires were used as a research tool: one for students, comprising 40 items, and one for teachers consisting of 30 items. A simple random sampling technique is used for data collection. The collected data was analyzed with the help of SPSS. The results revealed that artificial intelligence plays a significant role in education and improves personalized learning experiences. AI technology is capable of fulfilling the needs of teachers and pupils in the teaching and learning process effectively e.g. tutoring, communication, evaluation, analysis, supervision, etc. It enhances the teaching and learning process by using modern technologies and methodologies. In short, the use of AI in education and learning is very noteworthy.
Perancangan Alat Pengering Jagung Tipe Bed Dryer Dengan Metode VDI 2221
Authors: Sholikhin Tri Admojo  , Ferida Yuamita  
Published: September 2024

The Budi Bakti Masa Farmer Group is a farmer group in Sumberrejo Village, Tempel District, Sleman Regency, DIY. When entering the corn harvest season, farmers dry their crops with the help of sunlight. The process of drying corn is done by drying it in direct sunlight. During the rainy season, farmers find it difficult to dry their corn crops. Corn drying during the rainy season take 3-5 days or even more. The purpose of this research is to design a corn dryer that can speed up the drying process and is not dependent on the weather. The research was conducted using the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) 2221 method. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire used in this regard is an open and closed questionnaire. The respondents in this study were members of the Budi Bakti Masa farmer group, a total of 21 people. In designing the VDI 2221 method, there are 4 stages, namely job description, concept planning, form design, and detailed design. Based on the trial results, the corn dryer was able to dry 100 kg of rice with a moisture content of 36.3% to dry rice with a moisture content of 12% within 6 hours.
Pengaruh Pijat Oksitosin terhadap Penurunan Tinggi Fundus Uteri pada Ibu Nifas di Puskesmas Pegandon Kabupaten Kendal
Authors: Nani Shinta Ayu , Sandhi Shinta Ika , Dewi Desi Wijayanti Eko 
Published: September 2024

Pada periode pasca persalinan, tubuh ibu mengalami serangkaian perubahan fisiologis untuk memfasilitasi pemulihan dan adaptasi terhadap kondisi pra-kehamilan. Salah satu aspek penting dari proses ini adalah involusi uterus. Pijat oksitosin dilakukan untuk merangsang refleks oksitosin yang membantu kontraksi otot rahim dan mempercepat terjadinya proses involusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian pijat oksitosin dapat memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap penurunan tinggi fundus uteri pada ibu nifas di Puskesmas Pegandon, Kabupaten Kendal. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan posttest only design with control group, melibatkan total 30 ibu nifas yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan melakukan pemijatan oksitosin dan pengukuran tinggi fundus uteri secara langsung pada hari ke 1, 3, 5 dan 7 masa nifas. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Shapiro Wilk untuk normalitas data, uji Levene untuk homogenitas, uji beda Independen sample t test dan uji Man Whitney untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil uji beda independent sample t test diperoleh nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,828 dan 0,599 > 0,05 sedangkan uji man whitney diperoleh nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,949 dan 0,594 > 0,05 berarti pemberian pijat oksitosin tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penurunan tinggi fundus uteri pada ibu nifas.