bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of oil–gas migration and accumulation in the East China Sea Continental Shelf Basin: a case study from the Xihu Depression
Authors: Jiang Suhua , Li Sanzhong , Chen Xueguo , Zhang Huixuan , Wang Gang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe oil–gas accumulation process is a tectonic indicator, and the oil–gas trap is generally a result of tectonic movement. In order to explore the law of oil–gas migration and accumulation in the East China Sea Continental Shelf Basin, this paper analyses the dynamic process of hydrocarbon accumulation based on a geological model, taking the Xihu Depression as an example and using the IES PetroMod basin modelling software. Combined with the seismic data and drilling data, the burial history, thermal evolution history and hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and migration history of the Xihu Depression is simulated in this study. The simulation results show that (1) the tectonic framework of the Xihu Depression developed as an inversion structure from an early extensional stage or transtensional faulting stage to a later compressional or transpressional inversion stage; (2) the Pinghu and Huagang formations of the Xihu Depression are still currently at the peak stage of oil–gas generation, and the Xihu Depression is a depression which has abundant hydrocarbon generation and expulsion at a later stage; (3) oil–gas resources vertically migrated to the structural highs from the eastern and western sub‐sags along faults and ultimately accumulated in favourable traps, which developed a migration pattern of interbedded sandstone–fault–sandstone like an upward ‘staircase’. In particular, faults and the potential energy state played an important role in hydrocarbon migration of the Xihu Depression, which has a guiding significance for understanding hydrocarbon migration and accumulation law and reducing the risk in oil–gas exploration in the East China Sea Continental Shelf Basin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional correlates of likelihood and prior representations in a virtual distance task
Authors: Wiener Martin , Michaelis Kelly , Thompson James C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSpatial navigation is an imperative cognitive function, in which individuals must interact with their environment in order to accurately reach a destination. Previous research has demonstrated that, when traveling a predetermined distance, humans must balance between noise in the measurement process and the prior history of traveled distances. This tradeoff has recently been formally described using Bayesian estimation; however, the neural correlates of Bayesian estimation during distance reproduction have yet to be investigated. Here, human subjects performed a virtual reality distance reproduction task during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), in which they were required to reproduce various traveled distances in the absence of overt navigational cues. As previously demonstrated, subjects exhibited a central tendency effect, wherein reproduced distances gravitated to the mean of the stimulus set. fMRI activity during this task revealed distance‐sensitive activity in a network of regions, including prefrontal and hippocampal regions. Using a computational index of central tendency, we found that activity in the retrosplenial cortex, a region highly implicated in spatial navigation, negatively covaried between subjects with the degree of central tendency observed; conversely, we found that activity in the anterior hippocampus/amygdala complex was positively correlated with the central tendency effect of gravitating to the average reproduced distance. These findings suggest dissociable roles for the retrosplenial cortex and hippocampal complex during distance reproduction, with both regions coordinating with the prefrontal cortex the influence of prior history of the environment with present experience. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3172–3187, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunomodulatory Properties of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Mesenchymal Cells
Authors: Ng Jia , Hynes Kim , White Gregory , Sivanathan Kisha Nandini , Vandyke Kate , Bartold Peter Mark , Gronthos Stan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTMSC‐like populations derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC‐MSC) serve as an alternative stem cell source due to their high proliferative capacity. In this study, we assessed the immunomodulatory potential of iPSC‐MSC generated from periodontal ligament (PDL) and gingival (GF) tissue. The iPSC‐MSC lines exhibited a similar level of suppression of mitogen‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) proliferation compared to their respective parental fibroblast populations in vitro. Moreover, iPSC‐MSC demonstrated the ability to suppress T‐cells effector cells, Th1/Th2/Th17 populations, and increase levels of Treg cells. In order to investigate the mechanisms involved, expression of common MSC‐derived soluble factors known to supress lymphocyte proliferation were assessed in iPSC‐MSC cultured with PBMNC with direct cell–cell contact or separated in transwells. Real‐time PCR analysis of factors known to be involved in MSC mediated immune regulation, found a general trend of elevated IDO1 and IL6 transcript levels in iPSC‐MSC lines and their respective primary cells co‐cultured with activated PBMNC, with a wide range of gene expression levels between the different mesenchymal cell types. The results suggest that different iPSC‐MSC may be useful as a potential alternative source of cells for future clinical use in therapeutic applications because of their potent immunosuppressive properties. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2844–2853, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bony labyrinth morphology in early neopterygian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii)
Authors: Giles Sam , Rogers Molly , Friedman Matt 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTEndocasts of the osseous labyrinth have the potential to yield information about both phylogenetic relationships and ecology. Although bony labyrinth morphology is well documented in many groups of fossil vertebrates, little is known for early Neopterygii, the major fish radiation containing living teleosts, gars and the bowfin. Here, we reconstruct endocasts of the bony labyrinth and associated structures for a sample of Mesozoic neopterygian fishes using high‐resolution computed tomography. Our sample includes taxa unambiguously assigned to either the teleost (Dorsetichthys, “Pholidophorus,” Elopoides) and holostean (“Aspidorynchus,” “Caturus,” Heterolepidotus) total‐groups, as well as examples of less certain phylogenetic position (an unnamed parasemionotid and Dapedium). Our models provide a test of anatomical interpretations for forms where bony labyrinths were reconstructed based on destructive tomography (“Caturus”) or inspection of the lateral wall of the cranial chamber (Dorsetichthys), and deliver the first detailed insights on inner ear morphology in the remaining taxa. With respect to relationships, traits apparent in the bony labyrinth and associated structures broadly support past phylogenetic hypotheses concerning taxa agreed to have reasonably secure systematic placements. Inner ear morphology supports placement of Dapedium with holosteans rather than teleosts, while preserved structure in the unnamed parasemionotid is generalized to the degree that it provides no evidence of close affinity with either of the crown neopterygian lineages. This study provides proof‐of‐concept for the systematic utility of the inner ear in neopterygians that, in combination with similar findings for earlier‐diverging actinopterygian lineages, points to the substantial potential of this anatomical system for addressing the longstanding questions in the relationships of fossil ray‐finned fishes to one another and living groups. J. Morphol. 279:426–440, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characteristics of climate variation indices in Iraq using a statistical factor analysis
Authors: Shubbar Ramiz M. , Salman Hassan H. , Lee Dong‐In 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTFor over three decades, Iraq has suffered from climate variability and desertification. Rainfall rates have decreased with abnormal high‐temperature degrees, recurrence of dust storms has been increasing and many agricultural areas have turned into barren land. In this article, to study these climatic variations and detect important climate indices in Iraq, ten indices (total rainfall, average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, number of days of dust rising, number of days of dust storm, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure at sea surface level, total evaporation and wind speed) were investigated at 24 meteorological stations in Iraq for 30 years. January in winter, July in summer and annual rates of climate indices were analysed through a factor analysis method. As a result, total rainfall, minimum, maximum and average temperature were found as the strongest indices of the two seasons in Iraq. However, in the annual rates, the total rainfall indicator ranked last in the second component of the factor analysis. The contour lines for the factors of rainfall and maximum temperature offered a clear guide to patterns of the characteristics in winter, summer and annual rates. The northern regions were characterized by high values of rainfall in winter in comparison to the central and southern parts of Iraq. However, high temperatures were found in Baghdad and the southern regions in summer, which showed more than 45 °C.
Teleconnections of the tropical sea surface temperatures to the surface air temperature over Saudi Arabia in summer season
Authors: Hasanean H. M. , Almazroui M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSea surface temperature (SST) is an important oceanic variable that impacts regional and global climate. This paper examines the relation of summer (June to August) surface air temperature (SAT) variability over Saudi Arabia (1948–2013) with SST over the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. The SAT over Saudi Arabia shows an abrupt increase around the 1980s (i.e. 1986). Partial correlations between SAT and different SST indices indicate that the Indo‐Pacific warm pool (IPWP) has a more significant effect on SAT than does the tropical North Atlantic (TNA), tropical South Atlantic (TSA) or Western Hemisphere warm pool (WHWP). Hence, the change in IPWP SST can be considered as one of the factors linked to increase SAT over Saudi Arabia. The only significant relationship between El Niño and SAT is found in the Niño 4 region. Moreover, interactions between the tropical Atlantic meridional gradient mode and SAT are undetectable in the summer season, indicating that the TNA and TSA may have effectively independent roles on SAT over Saudi Arabia. The tropical Atlantic, through TNA and TSA, may influence the IPWP SST which modifies the strength of the Indian monsoon low, and in turn, has a strong influence on Saudi Arabia SAT variability.
Effect of including whole linseed and vitamin E in the diet of young bulls slaughtered at two fat covers on the sensory quality of beef packaged in two different packaging systems
Authors: Albertí Pere , Campo María M , Beriain María J , Ripoll Guillermo , Sañudo Carlos 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDForty‐six Pirenaica young bulls, slaughtered at two levels of fatness (3 and 4 mm), were used to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of 50 g kg−1 linseed alone or with 200 IU vitamin E kg−1 in the concentrate and of the meat packaging system (vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)) on the beef sensory quality.RESULTSThe inclusion of linseed or supplementation with vitamin E in the concentrate induced no significant differences in the main meat sensory scores and overall appraisal except under MAP, where small differences due to concentrate ingredients were found in juiciness and metallic flavor intensity. Extending the display time up to 4 or 8 days in high‐oxygen MAP had detrimental effects on sensory attributes. Meat from animals with 4 mm fat cover depth were rated more tender and juicy, less fibrous and with a higher intensity of beef flavor and rancid odor than meat from 3 mm fat cover bulls when both samples were vacuum packaged.CONCLUSIONThe inclusion of 50 g kg−1 linseed in the concentrate fed to bulls had no detrimental effect on the beef sensory quality. The vacuum‐packaged meat of bulls slaughtered at 4 mm fat cover was rated higher on sensory analysis than that at 3 mm fat cover. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Chalky part differs in chemical composition from translucent part of japonica rice grains as revealed by a notched‐belly mutant with white‐belly
Authors: Lin Zhaomiao , Zheng Deyi , Zhang Xincheng , Wang Zunxin , Lei Jinchao , Liu Zhenghui , Li Ganghua , Wang Shaohua , Ding Yanfeng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDChalkiness has a deleterious influence on rice appearance and milling quality. We identified a notched‐belly mutant with a high percentage of white‐belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals.RESULTSComparisons showed a significant effect of chalkiness on chemical components in the endosperm. In general, occurrence of chalkiness resulted in higher total starch concentration and lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured. Chalkiness also had a positive effect on the concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn, Na, Sr and V, but was negatively correlated with those of B, Ca, Cu, Fe and Ni. By contrast, no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid‐P, K, Mg or Zn was observed. In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr.CONCLUSIONAn inverse relation between starch and protein as well as amino acids was found with respect to chalkiness occurrence. Phytic acid and its colocalized elements K and Mg were not affected by chalkiness. The embryo exerted a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals, suggesting the necessity of examining the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Change of volatile components in six microalgae with different growth phases
Authors: Zhou Lv , Chen Jiao , Xu Jilin , Li Yan , Zhou Chengxu , Yan Xiaojun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDHead space solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry has been applied to analyze the volatile components of six marine microalgae (Thalassiosira weissflogii, Nitzschia closterium, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Platymonas helgolandica, Nannochloropsis spp. and Dicrateria inornata) from Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta, respectively, in different growth phases.RESULTSAll volatile compounds were identified by database searching in the NIST08 Mass Spectral Library and analyzed by principal component analysis with SIMCA‐P software (Umetrics, Umea, Sweden). The results clearly revealed that the volatile components of the six microalgae were significantly different in the exponential, stationary and declining phases. Aldehydes, alkanes, some esters and dimethyl sulfide significantly changed in different growth phases.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report on the comprehensive characteristics of volatile components in different microalgae and in different growth phases. The results may provide reference data for studies on the flavor of cultivated aquatic organism, odor formation in nature water, choice of feeding period and microalgae species selection for the artificial rearing of marine organisms. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Trauma‐Exposed Community‐Dwelling Women and Men Respond Similarly to the DAR‐5 Anger Scale: Factor Structure Invariance and Differential Item Functioning
Authors: Asmundson Gordon J. G. , LeBouthillier Daniel M. , Parkerson Holly A. , Horswill Samantha C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAnger is associated with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and with poor treatment outcomes. The Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale‐5 (DAR‐5) has demonstrated preliminary evidence of unitary factor structure and sound psychometric properties. Gender‐based differences in psychometric properties have not been explored. The current study examined gender‐based factor structure invariance and differential item functioning of the DAR‐5 and gender differences in PTSD symptoms as a function of anger severity using a community sample of adults who had been exposed to trauma. Data were collected from 512 trauma‐exposed community‐dwelling adults (47.9% women). Confirmatory factor analyses, Mantel‐Haenszel χ2 tests and a comparison of characteristic curves, and 2‐way analyses of variance, respectively, were used to assess gender‐based factor structure invariance, gender‐based response patterns to DAR‐5 items, and gender differences in PTSD symptoms as a function of anger. The unitary DAR‐5 factor structure did not differ between men and women. Significant gender differences in the response pattern to the DAR‐5 items were not present. Trauma‐exposed individuals with high anger reported greater overall PTSD symptoms (p < .001), regardless of gender. The DAR‐5 can be used to assess anger in trauma‐exposed individuals without concern of gender biases influencing factor structure or item functioning. Findings further suggested that the established relationship between anger and PTSD severity did not differ by gender.
Thioxanthone‐Based Hydrophilic Visible Photoinitiators for Radical Polymerization
Authors: Wu Qingqing , Xiong Ying , Yang Jianjing , Tang Hongding , Chen Si 
Published: May 2016

Three thioxanthone‐based hydrophilic visible photoinitiators (TX‐MPEG350, TX‐MPEG550, and TX‐MPEG750) are prepared and characterized. All of them exhibit excellent water dispersion properties. Real‐time FTIR investigation shows that they can be used as visible photoinitiators for radical polymerization in waterborne systems in the presence and absence of the hydrogen donors. Among them, TX‐MPEG550 has been illustrated as the best hydrophilic visible photoinitiator in the presence of hydrogen donors and would have great potential applications in waterborne visible photocuring systems after carefully investigating the photopolymerization behavior of TX‐MPEGs in different conditions.image
Biochemical characterization of essential cell division proteins FtsX and FtsE that mediate peptidoglycan hydrolysis by PcsB in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Bajaj Ruchika , Bruce Kevin E. , Davidson Amy L. , Rued Britta E. , Stauffacher Cynthia V. , Winkler Malcolm E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe FtsEX:PcsB complex forms a molecular machine that carries out peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolysis during normal cell division of the major respiratory pathogenic bacterium, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). FtsX is an integral membrane protein and FtsE is a cytoplasmic ATPase that together structurally resemble ABC transporters. Instead of transport, FtsEX transduces signals from the cell division apparatus to stimulate PG hydrolysis by PcsB, which interacts with extracellular domains of FtsX. Structural studies of PcsB and one extracellular domain of FtsX have recently appeared, but little is known about the biochemical properties of the FtsE ATPase or the intact FtsX transducer protein. We report here purifications and characterizations of tagged FtsX and FtsE proteins. Pneumococcal FtsX‐GFP‐His and FtsX‐His could be overexpressed in Escherichia coli without toxicity, and FtsE‐His remained soluble during purification. FtsX‐His dimerizes in detergent micelles and when reconstituted in phospholipid nanodiscs. FtsE‐His binds an ATP analog with an affinity comparable to that of ATPase subunits of ABC transporters, and FtsE‐His preparations have a low, detectable ATPase activity. However, attempts to detect complexes of purified FtsX‐His, FtsE‐His, and PcsB‐His or coexpressed tagged FtsX and FtsE were not successful with the constructs and conditions tested so far. In working with nanodiscs, we found that PcsB‐His has an affinity for charged phospholipids, mediated partly by interactions with its coiled‐coil domain. Together, these findings represent first steps toward reconstituting the FtsEX:PcsB complex biochemically and provide information that may be relevant to the assembly of the complex on the surface of pneumococcal cells.
Revisiting the pink‐red pigmented basidiomycete mirror yeast of the phyllosphere
Authors: Cobban Alec , Edgcomb Virginia P. , Burgaud Gaëtan , Repeta Daniel , Leadbetter Edward R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBy taking advantage of the ballistoconidium‐forming capabilities of members of the genus Sporobolomyces, we recovered ten isolates from deciduous tree leaves collected from Vermont and Washington, USA. Analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene and the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene indicate that all isolates are closely related. Further analysis of their physiological attributes shows that all were similarly pigmented yeasts capable of growth under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions, all were tolerant of repeated freezing and thawing, minimally tolerant to elevated temperature and desiccation, and capable of growth in liquid or on solid media containing pectin or galacturonic acid. The scientific literature on ballistoconidium‐forming yeasts indicates that they are a polyphyletic group. Isolates of Sporobolomyces from two geographically separated sites show almost identical phenotypic and physiological characteristics and a monophyly with a broad group of differently named Sporobolomyces/Sporidiobolus species based on both small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene sequences.
Zinc coordination is essential for the function and activity of the type II secretion ATPase EpsE
Authors: Rule Chelsea S. , Patrick Marcella , Camberg Jodi L. , Maricic Natalie , Hol Wim G. , Sandkvist Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe type II secretion system Eps in Vibrio cholerae promotes the extracellular transport of cholera toxin and several hydrolytic enzymes and is a major virulence system in many Gram‐negative pathogens which is structurally related to the type IV pilus system. The cytoplasmic ATPase EpsE provides the energy for exoprotein secretion through ATP hydrolysis. EpsE contains a unique metal‐binding domain that coordinates zinc through a tetracysteine motif (CXXCX29CXXC), which is also present in type IV pilus assembly but not retraction ATPases. Deletion of the entire domain or substitution of any of the cysteine residues that coordinate zinc completely abrogates secretion in an EpsE‐deficient strain and has a dominant negative effect on secretion in the presence of wild‐type EpsE. Consistent with the in vivo data, chemical depletion of zinc from purified EpsE hexamers results in loss of in vitro ATPase activity. In contrast, exchanging the residues between the two dicysteines with those from the homologous ATPase XcpR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa does not have a significant impact on EpsE. These results indicate that, although the individual residues in the metal‐binding domain are generally interchangeable, zinc coordination is essential for the activity and function of EpsE.