bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Barriers and Facilitators at Affect Community Pharmacists' Ability to Engage Children in Medication Counseling: A Pilot Study
Authors: Abraham Olufunmilola , Alexander Dayna S. , Schleiden Loren J. , Carpenter Delesha M. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the barriers and facilitators that influence community pharmacists' ability to provide medication counseling to pediatric patients.
METHODS Semistructured interviews (n = 16) were conducted with pharmacy staff at 3 community pharmacies in 2 Eastern states. The interview guide elicited pharmacy staff experiences interacting with children and their perceived barriers and facilitators to providing medication counseling. Transcripts were reviewed for accuracy and a codebook was developed for data analysis. NVivo 10 was used for content analysis and identifying relevant themes.
RESULTS Ten pharmacists and 6 pharmacy technicians were interviewed. Most participants were female (69%), aged 30 to 49 years (56%), with ≥5 years of pharmacy practice experience. Eight themes emerged as barriers to pharmacists' engaging children in medication counseling, the most prevalent being the child's absence during medication pickup, the child appearing to be distracted or uninterested, and having an unconducive pharmacy environment. Pharmacy staff noted 7 common facilitators to engaging children, most importantly, availability of demonstrative and interactive devices/technology, pharmacist demeanor and communication approach, and having child-friendly educational materials.
CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that pharmacy personnel are rarely able to engage children in medication counseling because of the patient's absence during medication pickup; however, having child-friendly materials could facilitate interactions when the child is present. These findings can inform programs and interventions aimed at addressing the barriers pharmacists encounter while educating children about safe and appropriate use of medicines.
Off-label Prescribing Trends for ADHD Medications in Very Young Children
Authors: Panther Shannon G. , Knotts Alice M. , Odom-Maryon Tamara , Daratha Kenneth , Woo Teri , Klein Tracy A. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE This study examines off-label medication prescribing use and trends in children on Medicaid with ADHD with particular focus on the very young (under age 6 years).
METHODS This was an observational cohort study and retrospective analysis of ADHD medication prescriptions from Oregon Medicaid records (N = 83,190) in 2012. Manufacturer prescribing information was used to determine off-label designation. Children ages 3 to 18 years at the time of prescription who had continuous Medicaid enrollment of at least 10 months during the index year of 2012 were included in the sample frame.
RESULTS Children with ADHD were prescribed off-label medications primarily at the ages of 5 years and younger. Among children ages 3 to 5 years, 91.4% of prescriptions were off-label. After the age of 5 years, the percentage of off-label prescriptions dropped notably to 21%, reflecting the increase in availability of approved medications for the treatment of ADHD starting at age 6 years. In the 3- to 5-year-old age group, specific off-label and concerning medication-related observations included a high frequency of alpha agonist (e.g., guanfacine, clonidine) prescribing; the prescribing of untested formulations such as clonidine patches; prescribing of atomoxetine; and prescribing of large doses of stimulant medications.
CONCLUSIONS Most ADHD drugs prescribed for very young children are off-label, which is concerning owing to lack of safety and efficacy data in this vulnerable population.
Prolonged Dexmedetomidine Infusion and Drug Withdrawal In Critically Ill Children
Authors: Haenecour Astrid S. , Seto Winnie , Urbain Charline M. , Stephens Derek , Laussen Peter C. , Balit Corrine R. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To characterise the incidence, symptoms and risk factors for withdrawal associated with prolonged dexmedetomidine infusion in paediatric critically ill patients.
METHODS Retrospective chart review in the paediatric intensive care unit and the cardiac critical care unit of a single tertiary children's hospital. Patients up to 18 years old, who received dexmedetomidine for longer than 48 hours were included.
RESULTS A total of 52 patients accounted for 68 unique dexmedetomidine treatment courses of more than 48 hours. We identified 24 separate episodes of withdrawal in the 68 dexmedetomidine courses (incidence 35%). Of these episodes 38% occurred in patients who were weaned from dexmedetomidine alone while the remaining occurred in patients who had concurrent weans of opioids and/or benzodiazepines. Most common symptoms were agitation, fever, vomiting/retching, loose stools and decreased sleep. The symptoms occurred during the latter part of the wean or after discontinuation of dexmedetomidine. A cumulative dose of dexmedetomidine of 107 mcg/kg prior to initiation of wean was more likely associated with withdrawal (this equates to a dexmedetomidine infusion running at 1 mcg/kg/hr over 4 days). Duration of opioid use was an additional risk factor for withdrawal. The use of clonidine, as a transition from dexmedetomidine, did not protect against withdrawal (p = 1).
CONCLUSIONS A withdrawal syndrome may occur after prolonged infusion of dexmedetomidine. As all our patients were also exposed to opioids this may be affected by the duration of opioid use. We identified a cumulative dose of 107 micrograms/kg of dexmedetomidine beyond which withdrawal symptoms were more likely (which equates to 4 days of use at a dose of 1 mcg/kg/hr). A protocol for weaning should be considered in this circumstance.
Secrétariat, collaboration et auto-publication dans la France révolutionnaire
Authors: Bergès Sandrine 
Published: December 2017

Comment publier ses écrits lorsqu’on est une femme française du dix-huitième siècle ? C’est une question que les femmes philosophes engagées de l’époque de la Révolution sont forcées de se poser : contribuer aux débats politiques aura peut-être un effet salutaire sur la place de la femme dans la société à venir.
Mais qui voudra dépenser de l’argent pour promulguer les écrits de celles qui ne pourront pas les défendre à l’Assemblée, puisqu’elles ne sont pas citoyennes ?
Je proposerai trois modèles : celui de Madame Roland qui se présenta longtemps comme la compagne et secrétaire de son mari, et qui pourtant écrivit ses discours les plus importants ; celui de Sophie de Grouchy, qui collabora avec son mari Condorcet mais ne put publier ses propres écrits qu’après la Révolution ; enfin celui d’Olympe de Gouges, qui paya elle-même l’impression et la diffusion de ses nombreux écrits. Malgré leurs efforts, ces femmes furent remises à leur place plus ou moins violemment par une société révolutionnaire qui n’acceptait pas qu’elles puissent participer à ses réformes.
Low birth weight, family income and paternal absence as risk factors in neuropsychomotor development
Authors: Araujo Luize Bueno , Mélo Tainá Ribas , Israel Vera Lúcia 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: The first years of life are crucial to neuropsychomotor development (NPMD), during this period children are susceptible to organic, environmental or activity-related influences that may represent protective or risk factors towards full development, with potential lifelong repercussions.Objective: This study aimed to investigate and verify the risk factors in the neuropsychomotor development (NPMD) of children aged from zero to three years, attending public early childhood education centers.Methods: Cross-sectional study, contextual approach – based on ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) –, Denver II developmental screening test and additional assessments about nutritional status. For the analysis, a logistic regression was performed. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) concerning body functions and structure (evaluation questionnaire), activity and participation (evaluation of NPMD in school), personal factors (family characteristics), and environmental factors (characteristics of the ECECs) were considered for the evaluation phase. The instruments consisted of a questionnaire containing items to elicit information about the child, including current, neonatal and family traits. For the evaluation DPMD, the Denver II test was used. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was established using Cohen's kappa, and data subsequently submitted to stepwise (backward) regression analysis using a Logit model, using binary responses. The construction of an ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) to define the explanatory profile of the model built also was included, in addition to the calculation of the Odds Ratio (OR), the odds of chance occurrence the association of a given variable with DPMD.Results: NPMD was within the normal parameters, in 68.8% (n = 53) and risk of delays was in 31.2% (n = 24). The area with the best performance was the fine motor-adaptive (3.75%) and the most questionable one was the language (57.5%). It was verified that 48% (n=37) of the children had normal weight while 52% (n = 40) presented some nutritional risk. Low birth weight (OR = 181), monthly family income (OR = 9) and paternal absence (OR = 34) were statistically significant factors on the risk of NPMD delays.Conclusion: low birth weight, family income and paternal absence are factors associated with risks of NPMD delays. These findings reinforce the systemic and multifactorial nature of NPMD and emphasize the need for monitoring and formulating public policies -- especially the ones dedicated to children with low income conditions --, which could contribute to the full development of children, since public early childhood education centers should be transforming agents in the quality of child development.
Risk Factors for Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Ertugrul Bulent M. , Lipsky Benjamin A. , Ture Mevlut , Sakarya Serhan 
Published: December 2017

Background:Selecting empirical therapy for a diabetic foot infection (DFI) requires knowing how likely infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is in a particular patient. We designed this study to define the risk factors associated with P aeruginosa in DFI.Methods:We performed a preplanned microbiological subanalysis of data from a study assessing the effects of treatment with intralesional epidermal growth factor for diabetic foot wounds in patients in Turkey between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013. Patients were screened for risk factors, and the data of enrolled individuals were recorded in custom-designed patient data forms. Factors affecting P aeruginosa isolation were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, with statistical significance set at P &lt; .05.Results:There were 174 patients enrolled in the main study. Statistical analysis was performed in 90 evaluable patients for whom we had microbiological assessments. Cultures were sterile in 19 patients, and 89 bacterial isolates were found in the other 71. The most frequently isolated bacteria were P aeruginosa (n = 23, 25.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 12, 13.5%). Previous lower-extremity amputation and a history of using active wound dressings were the only statistically significant independent risk factors for the isolation of P aeruginosa in these DFIs.Conclusions:This retrospective study provides some information on risk factors for infection with this difficult pathogen in patients with DFI. We need prospective studies in various parts of the world to better define this issue.
Association between genetic polymorphisms of the IL28B gene and leukomonocyte in Chinese hepatitis B virus-infected individuals
Authors: Song Yuzhu , Shen Yunsong , Xia Xueshan , Zhang A-Mei 
Published: December 2017

Background
Hepatitis B infection is one of the most severe hepatic diseases in China. Thus, understanding the genetic pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals is important. Although no consistent result is obtained in different populations, HBV treatment effect is reportedly associated with the IL28B gene.

Methods
To investigate the role of the IL28B gene in HBV-infected individuals in Yunnan, China, we screened genotypes of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs12979860, rs8099917, and rs12980275) in HBV-infected individuals and general controls by using SnapShot and sequencing.

Results
Results showed no significant difference was found in genotypes, alleles, and haplotypes frequency between the HBV-infected individuals and controls. After dividing the HBV-infected individuals into patients in acute infection, chronic HBV patients, and patients undergoing convalescence, the genotype GT (P = 0.033) and allele G (P = 0.038) of rs8099917 showed statistically higher frequency in the acutely infectious individuals than in the HBV patients undergoing convalescence. HBV viral load was higher in the acutely infectious patients than in the chronic infection group. Strikingly, we found that leukomonocyte (LYM) level was associated with SNPs in the IL28B gene. In addition, the LYM levels were lower in the HBV-infected individuals with genotype CC of rs12979860 and AA of rs12980275 than in the patients with other genotypes of these two SNPs.

Conclusion
Our results suggested genetic polymorphisms of the IL28B gene were associated with LYM level of HBV-infected individuals.
Elasticity of Orthoenstatite at High Pressure and Temperature: Implications for the Origin of Low VP/VS Zones in the Mantle Wedge
Authors: Qian Wangsheng , Wang Wenzhong , Zou Fan , Wu Zhongqing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOrthopyroxene (opx) is an important mineral in petrologic models for the upper mantle. Its elastic properties are fundamental for understanding the chemical composition and geodynamics of the upper mantle. Here we calculate the elastic properties of orthoenstatite (MgSiO3), the Mg end‐member orthopyroxene under upper mantle pressure and temperature conditions using first principle calculations with local density approximation. Bulk and shear moduli increase nonlinearly with pressure at mantle temperatures, but the shear modulus and VS show very weak pressure dependence in comparison with VP. Compared to other major minerals in the upper mantle, orthoenstatite has the lowest compressional velocities (VP), shear velocities (VS), and VP/VS ratio down to the depth of approximately 300 km. The enrichment of opx in the upper mantle can cause the unusually low VP/VS observed in the mantle wedge.
Atmospheric CO2 Observations Reveal Strong Correlation Between Regional Net Biospheric Carbon Uptake and Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Authors: Shiga Yoichi P. , Tadić Jovan M. , Qiu Xuemei , Yadav Vineet , Andrews Arlyn E. , Berry Joseph A. , Michalak Anna M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent studies have shown the promise of remotely sensed solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) in informing terrestrial carbon exchange, but analyses have been limited to either plot level (~1 km2) or hemispheric/global (~108 km2) scales due to the lack of a direct measure of carbon exchange at intermediate scales. Here we use a network of atmospheric CO2 observations over North America to explore the value of SIF for informing net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at regional scales. We find that SIF explains space‐time NEE patterns at regional (~100 km2) scales better than a variety of other vegetation and climate indicators. We further show that incorporating SIF into an atmospheric inversion leads to a spatial redistribution of NEE estimates over North America, with more uptake attributed to agricultural regions and less to needleleaf forests. Our results highlight the synergy of ground‐based and spaceborne carbon cycle observations.
Automatic calculation of patient size metrics in computed tomography: What level of computational accuracy do we need?
Authors: Sarmento Sandra , Mendes Bruno , Gouvêa Margarida 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of two different patient size metrics based on water equivalent diameter (Dw), the mid‐scan water equivalent diameter Dw_c, and the mean (average) water equivalent diameter in the imaged region, Dw_ave, for automatic detection of accidental changes in computed tomography (CT) acquisition protocols.MethodsPatient biometric data (height and weight) were available from a previous survey for 80 adult chest examinations, and 119 adult single‐acquisition chest–abdomen–pelvis (CAP) examinations for two 16 slice scanners (GE LightSpeed and Toshiba Aquilion RXL) equipped with automatic tube current modulation (ATCM). Dw_c and Dw_ave were calculated from the archived CT images. Size‐specific dose estimates (SSDE) were obtained from volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), using the conversion factors for a patient diameter of Dw_c.ResultsCTDIvol and SSDE correlate better with Dw_ave than with Dw_c. R‐squared values of linear fits to CTDIvol of CAP examinations were 0.81–0.89 for Dw_c and 0.93–0.94 for Dw_ave (SSDE: 0.69–080 for Dw_c, 0.87–0.92 for Dw_ave). Percentage differences between Dw_c and Dw_ave were −4 ± 4% for chest and +5 ± 4% for CAP examinations (in % of Dw_ave). However, small Dw variations translated as larger variations in CTDIvol for these ATCM systems (e.g., a 24% increase in Dw doubled CTDIvol). The dependence of CTDIvol on Dw_ave was similar for chest and CAP examinations performed with similar ATCM parameters, while use of Dw_c resulted in a clear separation of the same data according to examination type. Maximum Dw variation in the imaged region was 5.6 ± 1.6 cm for chest and 6.5 ± 1.4 cm for CAP examinations.ConclusionsDw_ave is a better metric than Dw_c for binning similar‐sized patients in dose comparison studies, despite the additional computational effort required for its calculation Therefore, when implementing automatic determination of Dw for SSDE calculations, automatic calculation of Dw_ave should be considered.
3D Electrophoresis‐Assisted Lithography (3DEAL): 3D Molecular Printing to Create Functional Patterns and Anisotropic Hydrogels
Authors: Aguilar Juan P. , Lipka Michal , Primo Gastón A. , Licon‐Bernal Edxon E. , Fernández‐Pradas Juan M. , Yaroshchuk Andriy , Albericio Fernando , Mata Alvaro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe ability to easily generate anisotropic hydrogel environments made from functional molecules with microscale resolution is an exciting possibility for the biomaterials community. This study reports a novel 3D electrophoresis‐assisted lithography (3DEAL) platform that combines elements from proteomics, biotechnology, and microfabrication to print well‐defined 3D molecular patterns within hydrogels. The potential of the 3DEAL platform is assessed by patterning immunoglobulin G, fibronectin, and elastin within nine widely used hydrogels and characterizing pattern depth, resolution, and aspect ratio. Furthermore, the technique's versatility is demonstrated by fabricating complex patterns including parallel and perpendicular columns, curved lines, gradients of molecular composition, and patterns of multiple proteins ranging from tens of micrometers to centimeters in size and depth. The functionality of the printed molecules is assessed by culturing NIH‐3T3 cells on a fibronectin‐patterned polyacrylamide‐collagen hydrogel and selectively supporting cell growth. 3DEAL is a simple, accessible, and versatile hydrogel‐patterning platform based on controlled molecular printing that may enable the development of tunable, chemically anisotropic, and hierarchical 3D environments.
High‐Performance Photo‐Electrochemical Photodetector Based on Liquid‐Exfoliated Few‐Layered InSe Nanosheets with Enhanced Stability
Authors: Li Zhongjun , Qiao Hui , Guo Zhinan , Ren Xiaohui , Huang Zongyu , Qi Xiang , Dhanabalan Sathish Chander , Ponraj Joice Sophia , Zhang Du , Li Jianqing , Zhao Jinlai , Zhong Jianxin , Zhang Han 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe band gap of few‐layered 2D material is one of the significant issues for the application of practical devices. Due to the outstanding electrical transport property and excellent photoresponse, 2D InSe has recently attracted rising attention. Herein, few‐layered InSe nanosheets with direct band gap are delivered by a facile liquid‐phase exfoliation approach. We have synthesized a photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type few‐layered InSe photodetector that exhibits high photocurrent density, responsivity, and stable cycling ability in KOH solution under the irradiation of sunlight. The detective ability of such PEC InSe photodetector can be conveniently tuned by varying the concentration of KOH and applied potential suggesting that the present device can be a fitting candidate as an excellent photodetector. Moreover, extendable optimization of the photodetection performance on InSe nanosheets would further enhance the potential of the prepared InSe in other PEC‐type devices such as dye‐sensitized solar cells, water splitting systems, and solar tracking equipment.
Hollow TiO2@Co9S8 Core–Branch Arrays as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen/Hydrogen Production
Authors: Deng Shengjue , Zhong Yu , Zeng Yinxiang , Wang Yadong , Wang Xiuli , Lu Xihong , Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDesigning ever more efficient and cost‐effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions (OER/HER) is greatly vital and challenging. Here, a new type of binder‐free hollow TiO2@Co9S8 core–branch arrays is developed as highly active OER and HER electrocatalysts for stable overall water splitting. Hollow core–branch arrays of TiO2@Co9S8 are readily realized by the rational combination of crosslinked Co9S8 nanoflakes on TiO2 core via a facile and powerful sulfurization strategy. Arising from larger active surface area, richer/shorter transfer channels for ions/electrons, and reinforced structural stability, the as‐obtained TiO2@Co9S8 core–branch arrays show noticeable exceptional electrocatalytic performance, with low overpotentials of 240 and 139 mV at 10 mA cm−2 as well as low Tafel slopes of 55 and 65 mV Dec−1 for OER and HER in alkaline medium, respectively. Impressively, the electrolysis cell based on the TiO2@Co9S8 arrays as both cathode and anode exhibits a remarkably low water splitting voltage of 1.56 V at 10 mA cm−2 and long‐term durability with no decay after 10 d. The versatile fabrication protocol and smart branch‐core design provide a new way to construct other advanced metal sulfides for energy conversion and storage.
Eustachian valve endocarditis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Chan Pei Loon Julian , Chao Charles , Younger John F. , Lo Ada , Dahiya Arun , Atherton John J. , Jalali Homayoun , Prasad Sandhir B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the intravenous drug user (IVDU) population, infected right‐sided valvular lesions are common, and this has been well described in the literature. The Eustachian valve (also known as the valve of the inferior vena cava) is another valve in close proximity to the tricuspid valve, which can, in rare cases, be the focus of infection. Eustachian valve endocarditis may be an under‐recognised complication of Staphylococcus bacteraemia in IVDU population, often only identified by transesophageal imaging. We present a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in an IVDU with secondary seeding on the Eustachian valve, and an accompanying literature review on this rare topic.