bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymoma masquerading as transfusion dependent anemia
Authors: Muzamil Javvid , Shiekh Aejaz Aziz , Bhat Gull Mohammad , Lone Abdul Rashid , Bhat Shuaeb , Nabi Firdousa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a known entity in clinical medicine. Patients are often transfusion dependent for their whole life. Ascertaining its etiology is always a herculean task. We received a similar transfusion-dependent patient, who on evaluation was found to have thymoma as an etiological factor. Thymoma presenting as PRCA is seen in 2%–5% patients and evaluating PRCA for thymoma is seen in 5%–13% patient. As per the WHO histopathological classification, thymoma has six types and Type A is associated with PRCA and Type B is associated with myasthenia gravis. This correlation was not seen in our patient, who had Type B thymoma. Surgical resection of thymus improves 30% of PRCA and rest needs immunosuppression. Our patient was not the surgical candidate, and hence he was put on chemotherapy.
Clinicopathological profile of gastrointestinal lymphomas in Kashmir
Authors: Khuroo Mehnaaz Sultan , Khwaja Summyia Farooq , Rather Ajaz , Hassan Zhahid , Reshi Ruby , Khuroo Naira Sultan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background: The histological categorization of lymphoma has been a source of controversy for many years for both clinicians and pathologists. Clinicopathologic information of gastrointestinal lymphomas in Indian subcontinent is lacking. We studied histopathological spectrum of Primary Gastrointestinal Lymphomas (PGIL) and attempted to classify the G.I. lymphomas based on the recent WHO classification in to major histological types and immunological categories. Material and Methods: This study was done to evaluate the clinicopathological pattern of 100 cases with a histopathological diagnosis of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma at a tertiary care hospital. All patients of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas were included with the help of medical records over a 11-years period that is, January 2005 to December 2015. Results: The study included 100 cases (60 males, 40 females; mean age 51.43 years; age range 4.5-90 years) . The disease involved stomach in 82 (82%), small intestine in 8 (8%), large bowel and rectum in 8 (8%), gall bladder in 1 (1%) and oesophagus in 1 (1%). 82 (82%) of the 100 cases were Diffuse Large B cell lymphomas; 12 (12%) were Extra Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphomas (ENMZL of MALT type) 2 (2%) IPSID 2 (2%) of Mantle cell lymphoma morphology, 1 (1%) Burkitt's and 1(1%) enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma. The commonest presenting symptom was abdominal pain. 99 (99%) of 100 tumours were classified as B-cell lymphomas immunohistochemically and majority exhibited monoclonal light chain restriction on kappa/lambda staining. In addition; Burkitt's lymphoma showed positivity for CD 10. One tumour (1%) showed positivity for T-cell markers. The data demonstrated that primary GI NHL is more common among males, mainly in their fifth decade. Abdominal pain is the most common presenting symptom, with stomach being the most commonly involved site. Diffuse large cell lymphoma is the most frequent histologic subtype, followed by extranodal marginal-zone B cell lymphoma (MALT type). H. Pylori infection was observed in cases with low grade MALT lymphomas. Striking was the observation of two cases of IPSID (a disease commonly found in Mediterranean countries) and one case of enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma. Conclusion: EGD, imaging, light microscopic examination and immunohistochemical workup for B and T cell markers and staining for light chains to assist documentation of monoclonality are of precise diagnostic value in gastrointestinal lymphomas and form a part of the diagnostic workup.
Metabolic toxicities in patients undergoing treatment for nonhematological malignancy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gupta Subhash , Haresh Kunhi Parambath , Roy Soumyajit , Kashyap Lakhan , Adhikari Narayan , Pandey Rambha , Sharma Dayanand , Julka Pramod Kumar , Rath Goura Kishor 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic toxicities in patients with different nonhematological malignancies admitted in oncology ward of a tertiary cancer care center while on treatment. Methods: We did this cross-sectional study over a period of 7 months (January–July 2013) for all adult patients (n = 280) who, while undergoing anti-cancer therapy at our center, got admitted to our oncology inpatient ward with metabolic toxicity. Grading of toxicity was done using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0. Results: A total of 46 events of metabolic toxicities were noted in 31 patients over this period. The most common of them was hyperglycemia (n = 10). The others were hypokalemia (n = 9), hyponatremia (n = 9), hypernatremia (n = 5), hyperkalemia (n = 5), tumor lysis syndrome (n = 4), hypercalcemia (n = 2), and grade ≤2 hypomagnesemia (n = 2). Majority of the patients were asymptomatic (n = 26). However, death occurred in five patients. Treatment interruptions took place in 19 patients. Age ≤40 years (P = 0.03), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2 (P = 0.023), history of addiction (P = 0.02), comorbidities (P = 0.037) were associated with increased risk of having metabolic toxicities on univariate analysis. While on multivariate analysis, only age, performance status, and history of addiction retained their statistical significance. Age ≤40 years (P = 0.02), use of more than one modality of treatment (P = 0.013), and hyperglycemia (P = 0.037) were associated with higher risk of death. Conclusion: Metabolic toxicities are common phenomena among cancer patients, especially those with young age, comorbidities, and having history of addictions. In young age, they might even be fatal, especially when they are treated with combined modality of treatment.
Managing metastatic renal cell carcinoma-challenges, pitfalls, and outcomes in the real world
Authors: Kumar Karnam Ashok , Sadashivudu Gundeti , Krishnamani K V , Linga Vijay Gandhi , Maddali Lakshmi Srinivas , Digumarti Raghunadha Rao 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common cancer of the kidney accounting for 85% of renal tumors. Metastatic RCC (mRCC) had a poor prognosis and with the introduction of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, such as sunitinib, pazopanib the outcomes improved. There is only one study reported from India on the use of sunitinib in mRCC. We present our analysis of mRCC and use of sunitinib at our institute over 5 years. Materials and Methods: All patients with mRCC receiving sunitinib were analyzed with respect to patient characteristics, response, toxicity, and outcomes. Results: A total of 108 patients were seen during the study period. The male to female ratio was 9.8:1. The median age of patients at presentation was 58 years (range: 15–80 years). Of the 108 patients, 68.51% had metastatic disease at initial presentation. The most common sites of metastases were lung followed by bone. Of the 97 patients eligible for sunitinib, only 76 received at least one cycle of sunitinib, out of which only 48 received further cycles (range: 2–36). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in our patients were 10.2 and 28.2 months, respectively. The most common adverse effect noticed in our population was mucositis followed by hand-foot syndrome. Conclusion: Sunitinib is an option for the treatment of mRCC and shows a good PFS in Indian patients. Median OS and PFS in this study are similar to other reported studies despite the presence of poor risk factors in the patient population. The pitfall in this study is significant attrition due to poor compliance to treatment and follow-up, which is a major factor in the clinic thereby compromising outcomes.
Protection behaviors for cytotoxic drugs in oncology nurses of chemotherapy centers in Shiraz hospitals, South of Iran
Authors: Abbasi Khadijeh , Hazrati Maryam , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Ansari Jasem , Sajadi Mahboubeh , Hosseinnazzhad Azam , Moshiri Esmail 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Context: The use of antineoplastic agents for the treatment of cancer is an increasingly common practice in hospitals. As a result, workers involved with handling antineoplastic drugs may be accidentally exposed to these agents, placing them at potential risk for long-term adverse effects. This study aimed to determine the occupational protection status of clinical nursing staff exposed to cytotoxic drugs. Subjects and Methods: The study was designed as an analytic descriptive survey. The research settings took place in six centers of chemotherapy in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were 86 nurses who worked in oncology units and administered cytotoxic drugs. Data were collected using a questionnaire and a checklist which was developed by the investigators to determine occupational protection status of clinical nursing staff exposed to cytotoxic drugs. Percentage calculations and the independent samples t-test were used to see the general distribution and analysis of data. To statistically analyze of the data, SPSS software (version 16) was applied. Results: The mean age of participants was 30.52 ± 6.50 years and 66.27% of the nurses worked on inpatient oncology wards. The mean practice score was 21.1 ± 3.76 that ranged from 12.5 to 31. The independent samples t-test showed the outpatient nurses were weaker in practice (17.2 ± 2.52) in comparison with university hospitals (23.35 ± 3.02, P< 0.001). Occupational protection status of clinical nursing staff exposed to cytotoxic drugs especially during administration and disposal of medicines was poor and rarely trained with this subject and was observed under the standard conditions. Conclusions: There is deficiency in the understanding and related protection practices of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs. It is recommended that all clinical nursing staff should receive full occupational protection training about these matters and the authorities provide standard conditions of oncology wards.
Cognizance and utilization about breast cancer screening among the health professional female students and staffs of University Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Haque ATM Emdadul , Mohd Hisham Muhammad Afif Bin , Ahmad Adzman Noor Azwa Laili Binti , Azudin Nur Atiqah Binti , Shafri Nursakinah Binti , Haque Mainul 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a major life-threatening problem and a global concern including Malaysia. BC is an equal threat for both developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sociodemographic factors with knowledge, attitude, and perception on BC screening among the females of University Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL RCMP). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2015 to 2016. The populations included were the students and staff of UniKL RCMP. The simple sampling method was used and a set of questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the participants who were willing to participate. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS version 17. Results: Of the 220 only 203 questionnaires were returned. Nearly 87.7% of participants indicated genetic factors as the cause of BC, followed by exposure to carcinogenic and X-ray. Excessive smoking (54.2%) and sedentary lifestyle (52.2%) were the risk factors of the BC. 100% of participants thought that breast self-examination (BSE) is important to detect a breast lump and most of them (76.8%) knew what a mammogram is but only 2.0% went for a mammogram. Chemotherapy (71.9%) and surgery (71.9%) were treatments options according to study participants. Nearly 91.1% agreed that regular mammogram could help to detect BC at an early stage. Nearly 88.2% thought BC is not easily curable. Finally, for the attitude on BC screening, most of them knew how to perform BSE (69.0%) with the frequency of 36.0% doing it once a year. Conclusions: The majority of the participants found the good knowledge on BC and on how to perform BSE. Although most of them knew what a mammogram is, only a few have gone for it since perhaps it is recommended for those who are above 50-year-old. Therefore, researchers believe and trust that there is an urgent need of state-funded multicenter study to prevent and early diagnosis of BC in Malaysia.
La comunicación pública de los alcaldes a través de Twitter en periodo electoral
Authors: López de Ayala López María Cruz , García Beatriz Catalina , Fernández Fernández José Gabriel 
Published: December 2016

Se analiza el uso de Twitter como canal de comunicación institucional de los alcaldes de capitales de provincia y presidentes de ciudades autónomas en España durante el periodo preelectoral, electoral y una semana después de los comicios municipales de mayo de 2015. Metodología. Un análisis de contenido de los perfiles que los representantes municipales que actúan bajo las siglas de PP y PSOE tienen activos en esta plataforma de microblogging examina la actividad de los alcaldes y la de sus seguidores. Resultados y conclusiones. Destaca el uso partidista y/o electoralista que hacen los alcaldes de sus cuentas institucionales; el interés que suscita entre los usuarios los mensajes relativos al ámbito local y que se manifiesta en la difusión en sus cuentas, su selección como favoritos y realización de comentarios; se pone de manifiesto el respeto por parte de los titulares de las cuentas a la jornada de reflexión.
Los menores como usuarios creadores en la era digital: del prosumer al creador colaborativo. Revisión teórica 1972-2016
Authors: Herrero-Diz Paula , Ramos-Serrano Marina , Nó Sanchez Javier 
Published: December 2016

Este artículo presenta una revisión cronológica de las teorías que contemplan a los menores de edad como creadores de contenidos digitales. Marco teórico. Se han seleccionado todas aquellas que aportan una definición terminológica para describir su comportamiento en Internet. Conclusiones y discusión. Podemos afirmar que nos encontramos con numerosas etiquetas para denominar de forma distinta su presencia y participación en la red y que los expertos proponen establecer con ellas la existencia de nuevas generaciones de jóvenes, entre las que apenas transcurre el tiempo ni se produce un cambio sustancial en la manera de consumir o producir contenidos: generación WhatsApp, Twitter, selfie o Snapchat. Por ello nos preguntamos qué determina realmente que haya una nueva generación de jóvenes creadores de contenidos digitales y proponemos, frente al excesivo etiquetado, hablar de perfiles de usuarios, para lo que hacemos una recopilación de sus características en función del uso de la tecnología.
Política y vida privada en las elecciones al Parlamento Vasco de 2012. Estudio del formato “Un día con el candidato”
Authors: Ruiz San Miguel Francisco Javier , Galindo Arranz Fermín , Ruiz Blanco Sonia 
Published: December 2016

Hoy la política ocupa un alto nivel de protagonismo, y no sólo centrado en el discurso político de dirigentes y partidos, sino en los aspectos más personales de los candidatos. Así, en los últimos tiempos, los políticos intentan mostrarse a un mayor nivel, tanto en el terreno oficial como en el más personal. Metodología. Se analiza exhaustivamente el contenido de las imágenes de los cuatro reportajes publicados sobre los candidatos. Resultados: Pese a los esfuerzos del medio por transmitir una denotación de equilibrio y neutralidad, en los cuatro reportajes observamos diferencias sustanciales en los géneros y estilos fotoperiodísticos, así como en el tratamiento lingüístico de las imágenes. Discusión. No se trata de ver cómo se percibe al candidato, sino cómo se representa, a través de los distintos aspectos medidos y analizados. Conclusión. Existe una clara discrepancia entre el relato textual y lo que nos cuentan las imágenes, creando así una disonancia cognitiva en los lectores.
Flood damage: a model for consistent, complete and multipurpose scenarios
Authors: Menoni Scira , Molinari Daniela , Ballio Francesco , Minucci Guido , Mejri Ouejdane , Atun Funda , Berni Nicola , Pandolfo Claudia 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Effective flood risk mitigation requires the impacts of flood events to be much better and more reliably known than is currently the case. Available post-flood damage assessments usually supply only a partial vision of the consequences of the floods as they typically respond to the specific needs of a particular stakeholder. Consequently, they generally focus (i) on particular items at risk, (ii) on a certain time window after the occurrence of the flood, (iii) on a specific scale of analysis or (iv) on the analysis of damage only, without an investigation of damage mechanisms and root causes. This paper responds to the necessity of a more integrated interpretation of flood events as the base to address the variety of needs arising after a disaster. In particular, a model is supplied to develop multipurpose complete event scenarios. The model organizes available information after the event according to five logical axes. This way post-flood damage assessments can be developed that (i) are multisectoral, (ii) consider physical as well as functional and systemic damage, (iii) address the spatial scales that are relevant for the event at stake depending on the type of damage that has to be analyzed, i.e., direct, functional and systemic, (iv) consider the temporal evolution of damage and finally (v) allow damage mechanisms and root causes to be understood. All the above features are key for the multi-usability of resulting flood scenarios. The model allows, on the one hand, the rationalization of efforts currently implemented in ex post damage assessments, also with the objective of better programming financial resources that will be needed for these types of events in the future. On the other hand, integrated interpretations of flood events are fundamental to adapting and optimizing flood mitigation strategies on the basis of thorough forensic investigation of each event, as corroborated by the implementation of the model in a case study.
Typhoon Haiyan's sedimentary record in coastal environments of the Philippines and its palaeotempestological implications
Authors: Brill Dominik , May Simon Matthias , Engel Max , Reyes Michelle , Pint Anna , Opitz Stephan , Dierick Manuel , Gonzalo Lia Anne , Esser Sascha , Brückner Helmut 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. On 8 November 2013, category 5 Supertyphoon Haiyan made landfall on the Philippines. During a post-typhoon survey in February 2014, Haiyan-related sand deposition and morphological changes were documented at four severely affected sites with different exposure to the typhoon track and different geological and geomorphological settings. Onshore sand sheets reaching 100–250 m inland are restricted to coastal areas with significant inundation due to amplification of surge levels in embayments or due to accompanying long-wave phenomena at the most exposed coastlines of Leyte and Samar. However, localized washover fans with a storm-typical laminated stratigraphy occurred even along coasts with limited inundation due to waves overtopping or breaching coastal barriers. On a recent reef platform off Negros in the Visayan Sea, storm waves entrained coral rubble from the reef slope and formed an intertidal coral ridge several hundreds of metres long when breaking at the reef edge. As these sediments and landforms were generated by one of the strongest storms ever recorded, they not only provide a recent reference for typhoon signatures that can be used for palaeotempestological and palaeotsunami studies in the region but might also increase the general spectrum of possible cyclone deposits. Although a rather atypical example for storm deposition due to the influence of infra-gravity waves, it nevertheless provides a valuable reference for an extreme case that should be considered when discriminating between storm and tsunami deposits in general. Even for sites with low topography and high inundation levels during Supertyphoon Haiyan, the landward extent of the documented sand sheets seems significantly smaller than typical sand sheets of large tsunamis. This criterion may potentially be used to distinguish both types of events.
O USO DE HISTÓRIA EM QUADRINHOS NO ENSINO DE IMUNOLOGIA PARA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA DE NÍVEL MÉDIO
Authors: Alves de Toledo Karina , Mazali Gabriela Stella , Pegoraro Juliana Alves , Orlando Jaqueline , Almeida Daniel Manzoni de 
Published: December 2016

Ensinar imunologia no ensino médio ainda é um desafio. Como podemos trabalhar os diferentes tipos de células e moléculas que compõem o sistema imunológico em aulas de biologia? Aqui, avaliamos o uso de história em quadrinhos com temática de imunologia nas aulas de biologia. Nossos resultados mostraram que o uso de histórias em quadrinhos ajudou na abordagem do assunto imunologia com o reconhecimento de diferentes tipos celulares e moléculas pelos estudantes. Em conclusão, o uso de histórias em quadrinho, nas aulas de biologia pode auxiliar na abordagem e discussão de temas complexos como os de imunologia.
Qualidade de vida, espiritualidade, religião e crenças pessoais de dependentes químicos em tratamento
Authors: Bettarello Viviana Colbacho , Silva Lilane Maria Alves , Molina Nayara Paula Fernandes Martins , Silveira Tatiana , Rodrigues Leiner Resende 
Published: December 2016

Objetivou-se identificar os escores de qualidade de vida e espiritualidade/religião e crenças pessoais e sua relação com o número de recaídas de 180 dependentes químicos em recuperação. Estudo transversal e analítico, cujos instrumentos foram: questionário sociodemográfico, WHOQOL-Bref e WHOQOL-SRPB. Para a análise, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e regressão linear (p<0,05), pelo software SPSS, versão 20.0. Predominaram adultos com média de 36 anos, solteiros, com nove a 12 anos de estudo, renda familiar de dois a três salários mínimos, católicos e com cinco ou mais recaídas. Na qualidade de vida o domínio Físico obteve o maior escore e o Meio Ambiente, o menor. Quanto à espiritualidade, a faceta Fé alcançou o maior escore e Paz Interior, o menor. Houve associação entre número de recaídas e o domínio Relações sociais e a faceta Admiração. São necessárias estratégias de enfrentamento da dependência química e recaídas, alicerçado na qualidade de vida e na espiritualidade/religião.
True Crime: The Regular Reinvention of a Genre
Authors: Franks Rachel 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
True crime has become entrenched within the sphere of popular culture. As entertainment and information true crime has captured, and held, the public imagination, maintaining a place in our societies (as demonstrated through the consumption of true crime) through successfully navigating shifts across format and focus. This article argues the disruption this instability generates is mitigated by the genre’s capacity to regularly reinvent itself in response to social changes. Offering three examples of successful print-based reinventions in England and America, this research highlights how such reinventions serve as watershed moments in the genre’s history, allowing true crime to maintain a prominent position within the landscape of popular culture. These examples are: impacts of an increased application of capital punishment in 1720s England; introduction of the investigator as standard for the true crime tale in 1800s England; and the widespread incorporation of literary techniques into true crime storytelling in 1960s America.