bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Bone Marrow Progenitors Responsive to Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor and Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor-1
Authors: Falk Lydia A , Vogel Stefanie N 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The responsiveness of bone marrow progenitors (BMP) from C3H mice to highly purified or recombinant preparations of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1) and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was compared by counting the number of colonies (≥ 50 cells) after 10 days in culture with CSF. Cells responsive to CSF-1 or GM-CSF exhibited maximum colony formation over a wide dose range, although GM-CSF supported colony formation at lower concentrations. The response of BMP to optimal concentrations of CSF-1 was ≥5 times greater than the response of BMP to GM-CSF. Analysis of the kinetics of colony formation revealed that, at day 5, the number of BMP responsive to GM-CSF or CSF-1 was approximately equal; the number of CSF-1 colonies increased significantly through day 10, while those cultured in GM-CSF did not. The response of BMP to CSF-1 and GM-CSF was also studied in liquid culture; the differences in yield of mature macrophages was consistent with the differences observed in agar culture. Although both cell populations were shown to be 100% mononuclear by day 7, Coulter Channelyzer analysis of these mature macrophages showed marked differences in cell size distribution. By day 7, cells grown in CSF-1 resulted in a homogeneous population of large cells, whereas GM-CSF cultures showed a heterogeneous distribution. Finally, CSF-1-derived cells possessed increased nonspecific and specific phagocytic capabilities when compared to GM-CSF-derived macrophages. These findings indicate that the actions of GM-CSF and CSF-1 upon the bone marrow compartment results in the generation of mature macrophages which differ morphologically and functionally and may account for the heterogeneity in macrophage populations.
The L-Arginine Dependent Effector Mechanism Is Induced in Murine Adenocarcinoma Cells by Culture Supernatant From Cytotoxic Activated Macrophages
Authors: Amber Ina J , Hibbs John B , Taintor Read R , Vavrin Zdenek 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Culture medium conditioned by incubation with murine cytotoxic activated macrophages causes release of iron-55 label from viable murine EMT-6 tumor cells as well as inhibition of DNA replication and aconitase activity. These metabolic changes occur in parallel with L-citrulline, nitrite, and nitrate synthesis from L-arginine by EMT-6 cells. Protein synthesis is required for activation of this effector mechanism. Once the effector pathway is induced in EMT-6 cells in the presence of amino acids, L-arginine is the only amino acid required for its function. Arginase inhibits the effector mechanism, which is additional evidence for its specific L-arginine requirement. The results show induction, in a non-macrophage cell line, of a novel effector pathway which, in addition to other effects, inhibits cellular proliferation.
Isolation and Preliminary In Vitro Characterization of the Porcine Pulmonary Intravascular Macrophage
Authors: Morton Daniel , Bertram Timothy A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Porcine intravascular macrophages were isolated by perfusion of the pulmonary vasculature with 0.1% collagenase solution. The isolated cells formed intercellular adhesion plaques with endothelial cells when incubated with porcine pulmonary artery, aorta, and corneal cups. Intercellular adhesion plaques were focal junctionlike membrane specializations consisting of paired submembranous amorphous densities subjacent to 15-20 nm gaps between parallel apposing cell membranes. The intermembranous space was filled with moderately electron dense, finely granular material. Adhesion plaques formed in 4-8 hours and resembled the adhesion plaques formed between pulmonary intravascular macrophages and endothelium in vivo. Alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes did not form intercellular adhesion plaques with endothelial cells. Intravascular macrophages had histologic and ultrastructural features of macrophages, were alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase positive, adhered to plastic coverslips after 1 hour of incubation, and were smaller than alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells. The formation of intercellular adhesion plaques in vivo and in vitro by cells with morphologic and histochemical features of macrophages distinguishes intravascular macrophages from monocytes and alveolar macrophages.
Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion in P388D1 Macrophages Infected With Histoplasma capsulatum
Authors: Eissenberg Linda Groppe , Schlesinger Paul H , Goldman William E 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The issue of whether or not phagocytized Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts evade phagosome-lysosome fusion (P-LF) has been debated by several investigators. To resolve this problem, yet avoid drawbacks associated with the conventional assays of P-LF (electron microscopy and the acridine orange assay), we used fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FITC-dextran) to monitor P-LF in the macrophage-like cell line P388D1.D2. Controls indicated that FITC-dextran could be used to distinguish between evasion of P-LF by Toxoplasma gondii and phagolysosome formation following ingestion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Phagosomes containing H. capsulatum clearly fused with FITC-dextran-labeled lysosomes at a rate comparable to that observed for S. cerevisiae. This was true for several strains of H. capsulatum including two avirulent strains derived in this laboratory. Varying the dose of H. capsulatum did not alter the percentage of phagolysosomes formed. Our results indicate that H. capsulatum is one of a small number of organisms which is able to survive in phagolysosomes.
Membrane-Associated Protein Kinase C Activity in Superoxide-Producing Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Christiansen Niels Obel , Larsen Carsten Schade , Juhl Henning , Esmann Viggo 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Protein kinase C activity was studied in superoxide-producing human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Using equivalent cell concentrations, superoxide production and particulate fraction-associated protein kinase C activity increased in parallel in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), oleoyl-acetyl-glycerol (OAG), opsonized zymosan, and A23187-activated leukocytes. Also, an increase in particulate fraction-associated phospholipid-independent kinase activity was observed upon stimulation with these activators. In contrast, in formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated cells the increase in superoxide production was only accompanied by an increase in particulate fraction-associated protein kinase C activity if the cells were pretreated with cytochalasin B. Purified protein kinase C activity was stimulated by OAG and PMA, whereas no stimulation was observed using A23187 or opsonized zymosan. It is suggested that the activation induced in human neutrophils by PMA, OAG, opsonized zymosan, and A23187 involves a thight membrane association of phospholipid-dependent and -independent protein kinase activity. This contrasts to FMLP-activated neutrophils, in which a membrane-bound form is only observed after pretreatment with cytochalasin B.
Characterization of a Monocyte Differentiation Factor Distinct From Gamma-Interferon, Tumor Necrosis Factor, or G,M-Colony-Stimulating Factor That Regulates the Growth and Functional Capabilities of the U937 Monocytic Cell Line
Authors: Clement Loran T , Roberts Robert L , Martin Audrey M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We have analyzed the characteristics and cellular sources of the T cell-derived lymphokines that affect the proliferation and the oxidative metabolic capabilities of the U937 monocytic cell line. Although gamma-interferon (gIFN) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa) can, in high doses, inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells, the predominant antiproliferative factor produced by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells has a MW=45-55 Kd, is resistant to heat treatment, and is distinct and independent from gIFN, TNFa, and GM-CSF. The inhibitory effect of this lymphokine on U937 cell growth requires an 18-24-hr induction period; thereafter, this growth arrest persists for up to 5 d, even in the absence of the factor. The lymphokine responsible for inducing oxidative metabolic capabilities in U937 cells is also a non-gIFN, heat-resistant, 45-55-Kd factor secreted by CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and we postulate that this differentiation factor is identical to the factor responsible for inhibiting U937 growth. These data demonstrate the prominent role of T cell-derived factors distinct from gIFN, TNFa, or GM-CSF in regulating the growth and functional capabilities of monocyte-lineage cells. Furthermore, the data suggest it may be appropriate to distinguish monocyte activation, in which cells at a given maturational stage develop a heightened ability to perform a particular function, from changes in the functional repertoire of cells acquired as a consequence of lymphokine-induced differentiation.
Inhibition of Human Neutrophil and Pseudomonas Elastases by the Amyloid P-Component: A Constituent of Elastic Fibers and Amyloid Deposits
Authors: Vachino G , Heck L W , Gelfand J A , Kaplan M M , Burke J F , Berninger R W , McAdam K P W J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The amyloid P-component (AP), a ubiquitous component of amyloid fibrils, is also a plasma protein and a connective tissue constitutent. Its proximity to elastin, in particular, suggested that AP might serve to protect elastic tissue from hydrolytic enzymes. The inhibition of pancreatic elastase by AP has been reported. In the present study, the effects of AP on human neutrophil elastase and Pseudomonas elastase were investigated, and AP was shown to interfere with the cleavage of soluble elastin. As indicated by Michaelis-Menten analysis, AP is acting as a noncompetetlve inhibitor. C-reactive protein, which is structurally similar to AP, had no effect on either elastase. AP was also found to inhibit the degradation of secondary amyloid fibrils by neutrophil elastase when these structures were first partially purified and then reexposed to AP.
AP’s ability to inhibit elastase was compared with alpha-1 antitrypsin in the presence and absence of oxidizing agents. These substances, which are released by inflammatory cells, are known to abrogate alpha-1 antitrypsin’s anti-protease capacity. This contributes to elevated levels of free proteases in the circulation and extravascular spaces during severe inflammation. AP is not susceptible to oxidation and remains a functional inhibitor under these conditions. The potential role of AP as an elastase inhibitor is discussed.
Isolation and Characterization of Interleukin-1 From Bovine Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Canning Peter C , Neill John D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1α and IL-1β collectively) has been shown to be produced by a wide variety of cell types. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to synthesize and release IL-1-like cytokines and characterize the active molecule(s). Purified peripheral blood PMNs were cultured for various periods of time in the presence of opsonized zymosan particles. The resulting culture supernatants exhibited IL-1 activity as determined by enhanced mitogen-induced proliferation of the D10 G4.1 murine T-helper cell line. Supernatants from nonstimulated PMNs or PMNs stimulated for less than 6 h did not enhance D10 G4.1 proliferation. The active molecule (PMNIL-1) was isolated by using gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Further characterization of the HPLC-purtfied molecule by SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing indicates bovine PMNIL-1 has a molecular weight of 17.6 kd and a pl of 4.1.
Development, Differentiation, and Maturation of Fetal Mouse Yolk Sac Macrophages in Cultures
Authors: Naito Makoto , Yamamura Fumie , Nishikawa Shin-lchi , Takahashi Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The development and differentiation of macrophages in the fetal mouse yolk sac were studied morphologically in four different culture experiments. In the culture of mouse embryos with yolk sac, the development of fetal macrophages was demonstrated to precede that of promonocytes and monocytes in the yolk sac. In vitro differentiation of the fetal macrophages was consistent with the results of our previous in vivo observation indicating that fetal macrophages were differentiated from primitive macrophages, but not from the monocytic cell series. Differentiation of primitive macrophages into fetal macrophages, before the development of promonocytes and monocytes, was reproduced in the culture of cell suspensions from the fetal mouse yolk sacs, with a mouse bone marrow stromal cell clone (ST2) particularly with those at 8 days of gestation. In the soft agar or liquid culture of yolk sac cells with LP3-conditioned medium, monocyte-macrophage colonies were effectively induced, but not fetal macrophage colonies. The results provide evidence for the existence, in yolk sac hematopoiesis, of two distinct macrophage populations: a fetal macrophage population and a monocyte-derived macrophage population. The data indicate an obvious difference in development and differentiation between the two populations and the temporal precedence of fetal macrophages appearing before monocyte-macrophages.
High-Resolution Localization of Lactoferrin in Human Neutrophils: Labeling of Secondary Granules and Cell Heterogeneity
Authors: Esaguy Nair , águas Artur P, , Silva Manuel T 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We studied by electron microscopy the topography of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin in human peripheral blood neutrophils by immunogold labeling of thin-sectioned cells. We show that fixation in 0.3% glutararaldehyde, supplemented by 2% formaldehyde, and combined with embedding in the hydrophilic resin LR White results in excellent preservation of the lactoferrin antigenicity and of the neutrophil microanatomy. Most of the immunogold marking was seen on the specific (secondary) granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, thus strengthening prevailing views on the subcellular distribution of lactoferrin in neutrophils. We document that a minority (8-10%) of neutrophils showed significant amounts of lactoferrin associated with a flocculent, protein-like material seen inside large cytoplasmic vacuoles. We show that circulating neutrophils comprise 6-10% of cells that are virtually devoid of lactoferrin labeling. This finding provides specific cytochemical support for the concept that human polimorphonuclear leukocytes are made up of a heterogeneous population of cells.
MH-S, a Murine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Line: Morphological, Cytochemical, and Functional Characteristics
Authors: Mbawuike Innocent N , Herscowitz Herbert B 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A continuous cell line of murine alveolar macrophages (AM), designated MH-S, has been established following transformation of cells obtained by bronohoalvaolar lavage from Balb/cJ mice with simian virus 40 (SV40). Thirty days after infection of the AM cultures, foci of rapidly proliferating cells were recovered and these have been propagated continuously for more than 36 mo. Following its initial isolation in Fischer’s medium supplemented with L-cell-conditioned medium and horse and fetal bovine serum, the cell line is now routinely grown in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum in the absence of conditioned medium. MH-S cells were adherent, lacked contact inhibition, and were trypsin-sensitive. They expressed intracellular T-antigen and incorporated 3H- thymidine (DNA synthesis) with a doubling time of approximately 48 h but doubled in number in 96 h. MH-S exhibited typical macrophage morphology, was &gt;98% esterase-positive, negative for peroxidase, and expressed cell surface la and Mac-1 antigens. The cells were Fc receptor-positive as demonstrated by rosette formation with, and phagocytosis of, antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes. Constitutive IL-1 secretion was significantly increased following stimulation of the cells with lipopolysaccharide. Like freshly isolated AM, MH-S cells suppressed the in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in a dose-dependent manner when cultured with splenic lymphocytes. This cell line should facilitate studies where homogeneous populations of AM are desirable, especially those involved in determining the immunological functions of AM and their potential role in lung pathology.
Functions of Purified Mouse Neutrophils Isolated From Gelatin Sponges
Authors: Middleton Marjorie M , Campbell Priscilla A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
When sterile gelatin sponges are implanted under the skin of a mouse and retrieved 6 hr later, approximately 106 neutrophils per mouse, in a 98–99% pure population, may be retrieved by simply squeezing and rinsing the sponges. These neutrophils behave similarly to peritoneal exudate neutrophils in chemotaxis and phagocytosis assays, but are bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. The sponge method yields substantially more neutrophils than could be obtained by exsanguinating the mouse and isolating blood neutrophils, and a 5-fold purer population than is normally obtained by passage of peritoneal exudate cells over Ficoll. In addition, sponge-elicited neutrophils may be ready for use within a half hour after removal from the mouse, without being exposed to osmotic shock or Ficoll.
Heterogeneity of Macrophages in the Rat Evidenced by Variability in Determinants: Two New Anti-Rat Macrophage Antibodies Against a Heterodimer of 160 and 95 kd (CD11/CD18)
Authors: Damoiseaux J G M C , Döpp E A , Neefjes J J , Beelen R H J , Dijkstra C D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A set of three monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), ED1, ED2, and ED3, has been shown to recognize in situ different subsets of macrophages in the rat. This macrophage diversity can be correlated with differences in stage of differentiation of cells belonging to one lineage. The present study quantifies this antigen distribution in the macrophage fractions of several lymphoid organs provided by Percoll centrifugation. Four new MoAbs (ED4, ED7, ED8, and ED9) raised against macrophages are included in this study. The tissue distribution of each of the four new MoAbs is determined by immuno- and enzyme-histochemistry on cryostat sections. The MoAbs recognize distinct subpopulations of macrophages. The new MoAbs ED4, ED7, ED8, and ED9 recognize granulocytes and other unrelated cell types, as well as cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. ED7 and ED8 recognize a surface heterodimer of Mr 160,000 and 95,000.
Control of Lipoprotein Lipase Secretion by Macrophages: Effect of Macrophage Differentiation Agents
Authors: Goldman Rachel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The effect of macrophage differentiation agents on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) secretion by macrophages at different stages of differentiation/maturation was investigated. Phorbol myristate acetate (TPA) had an augmenting effect on LPL secretion by in vitro-derived bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (Tg-M⊘), and resident macrophages. Augmentation was time dependent and reached ~ twofold and ~ threefold increase over control cells within 16 and 96 hr, respectively. TPA did not affect LPL secretion from J774.1 cells treated with the agent for 16–72 hr. L-cell conditioned medium (L-CM), a source of macrophage colony-stimulating activity, augmented LPL secretion by BMMs and Tg-M⊘, and when added together with TPA had an additive augmenting effect on LPL secretion in these cells. Retinoic acid (RA) exerted a time-dependent suppressive effect on LPL secretion by BMMs (46% within 16 hr and 83% within 6 d), had a relatively small effect on secretion from J774.1 cells (~ 20% in 72 hr) and had no effect on LPL secretion by Tg-M⊘. Dexamethasone suppressed LPL secretion by BMMs, Tg-M⊘, and J774.1 cells. Optimal suppression of LPL secretion by BMMs required more than 24 hr. Thus, TPA and L-CM, agents that exert a mitogenic effect on BMMs and Tg-M⊘, augmented the secretion of LPL in these cell types, and RA and dexamethasone, agents which induce differentiation patterns in myeloid cells, suppressed LPL secretion.
Inhibition of Alveolar Macrophage Cytotoxicity by Asbestos: Possible Role of Prostaglandins
Authors: Bissonnette Elyse , Carré Brigitte , Dubois Claire , Rola-Pleszczynski Marek 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Asbestosis and silicosis are chronic, fibrosing lung diseases due to prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers or silica particles. However, little is known about the implication of these toxic dusts on cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Among the first types of ceils that are in contact with the dusts are the alveolar macrophages (AM). We studied the effect of different concentrations of UICC chrysotile asbestos and silica on 18-h cytotoxicity of AM against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-resistant P815 target ceils or TNF-sensitive L929 target cells. Rat AM, obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage, were incubated for 2 h with 20, 50, or 100 μg/ml chrysotile or silica before the addition of target cells. AM cytotoxicity was significantly inhibited at &gt; 20 μg/ml of chrysotile. In contrast, silica did not inhibit AM-mediated cytotoxicity at any concentration used. Asbestos, but not silica, caused significant production of PGE2 by macrophages and target cells. Addition of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin to our system abolished all inhibition by asbestos. These results suggest that the inhibition of AM-mediated cytotoxicity by chrysotile was caused by prostaglandins, and that fibrogenic particles differ in their capacity to modulate AM function.
Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 Beta Primes Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes for Stimulus-Induced Myeloperoxidase Release
Authors: Dularay B , Elson C J , Clements-Jewery S , Damais C , Lando D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Recombinant human Interleukin-1 (rhlL-1) β was found to enhance stimulus-induced granule exocytosis from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). PMNs were incubated with rhlL-1β and then stimulated with either heat-aggregated IgG (Hagg) or N-formyhmethionyl leucylphenylalanine (FMLP). The release of the azurophil enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured. Low concentrations of stimuli (10 μg/ml Hagg, 2.5 x 10-9 M FMLP) did not stimulate degranulation in the absence of rhlL-1β. However, such concentrations elicited marked degranulation from PMNs preincubated with rhlL-1β (0.2-100 ng/ml). The enhancement of degranulation was dependent on the concentration of rhIL-1β employed and on the period of incubation. In other experiments, the effect of rhlL-1β on the PMN oxidative response was determined. rhlL-1β did not directly stimulate the production of superoxide anions or enhance the oxidative response to Hagg or FMLP. It is suggested that in rheumatoid joints, IL-1β may potentiate PMN degranulation, but not their oxidative response.