bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of university students’ adaptation level to the university according to situation of doing sports<p>Üniversite öğrencilerinin spor yapma durumlarına göre üniversiteye uyum düzeylerinin incelenmesi
Authors: Baba Kaya Hande , Kaçay Zülbiye 
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference according to doing sports at a level of university adaptation. A total of 230 participants (1st year students; 108 female/122male), studying at Sakarya University in the 2015-2016 academic year, at a faculty of sports science, education, engineering, economics and administrative sciences, participated to the research. In order to determine university adaptation level of the students, The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire by Baker and Siryk (1999) was used. The adaptation questionnaire consists of four sub-dimensions. These; Social, academic, personal-sensory and institutional adaptation. The personal information form prepared by the researchers was used to determine the demographic information of the students. According to the results of the statistical data, it is seen that the students who play sports are more difficult in their general adaptations to the university and in the social and academic adaptation sub-dimensions than those who do not. For institutional adjustment and sensory adjustment sub-dimensions, there was no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı; üniversiteye uyum sağlama düzeyinde öğrencilerin spor yapıp yapmama durumlarına göre farklılık olup olmadığını incelemektir. Çalışma Sakarya üniversitesinde 2015-2016 öğretim yılında spor bilimleri fakültesi, eğitim fakültesi, mühendislik fakültesi, iktisadi idari bilimler ve fen edebiyat fakültesinin üniversite 1.sınıf öğrencilerinden 108 kadın 122 erkek olmak üzere toplam 230 öğrenci üzerinde yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin üniversiteye uyum düzeylerini belirlemek için Baker ve Siryk 1999 yılında düzenlediği öğrencilerin üniversiteye uyum anketi kullanılmıştır. Uyum anketi dört alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Bunlar; sosyal uyum, akademik uyum, kişisel-duysal uyum ve kurumsal uyumdan oluşmaktadır. Öğrencilerin demografik bilgilerini belirlemek için araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel verilerin sonucuna göre spor yapan öğrencilerin hem üniversiteye genel uyumlarında hem de sosyal ve akademik uyum alt boyutlarında spor yapmayanlara göre daha çok zorlandıkları görülmüştür. Kurumsal uyum ve duysal uyum alt boyutları için ise spor yapan ve yapmayan öğrenciler arasında anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir.
Editorial
Authors: Hedberg John 
Published: March 2017

The EdTech '88 conference has just been held in Canberra and this issue publishes the remarks made by Garth Boomer, Associate Director-General of Education (Curriculum) in South Australia, who both opened the conference and provided the summation. In raising some implications for ASET, he throws out some exciting challenges, to ensure that we as "Edtech" professionals link with other likeminded organisations and focus upon developing national policies for the use of technologies in education. Some other papers which were not included in the proceedings are also included in this issue. In addition to the papers from the conference, this issue also includes two papers from recent visitors to Australia from the United States.
Properties of the filtrate from treatment of pig manure by filtration method
Authors: Makara Agnieszka , Kowalski Zygmunt , Saeid Agnieszka 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper presents properties of filtrate obtained from pig manure using the AMAK treatment process, which includes the mineralization of macro- and microfertilizer components by the hydrolyzing of organic matter into forms that are bioavailable to plants. Filtration produced two products, sediment and filtrate. The quality of the filtrate allowed for its use as a substitute of water to irrigate crops. Concentrations of heavy metals are very low and therefore the quality of the filtrate fully complies with European standard concerning fertilizers. The used mineralization process practically eliminated odors from the filtrate. The reduction of specific odor emission by 99.1-99.5% in samples taken from above the filtrate, respectively compared to the odor concentration found in samples taken from above raw pig manure. Sediment could be used as raw material for production of mineral-organic fertilizer. Filtrate and filtration sediments analyses show that the majority of nitrogen and other fertilizing compounds included in raw pig manure remains in sediment.
All Voters are Equal but...
Authors: Bodnár Eszter 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Equal suffrage is a basic principle of democratic elections which is included in most constitutions and international human rights documents. It applies to the design of the boundaries of the political community, electoral system and electoral procedure. However, there are special cases where the effectiveness of this principle is questionable. This paper deals with two different aspects of the Hungarian regulation concerning the voting rights of Hungarian citizens living abroad. The paper gives an overview of the regulation and presents the recent constitutional disputes and relevant case law of Hungarian and European fundamental rights protection mechanisms. Finally, it opens the debate by posing some key questions on the future of the Hungarian situation and more generally, on the level of protection of voting rights before the national and international institutions.
Whole-Brain Neural Dynamics of Probabilistic Reward Prediction
Authors: Bach Dominik R. , Symmonds Mkael , Barnes Gareth , Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: March 2017

Predicting future reward is paramount to performing an optimal action. Although a number of brain areas are known to encode such predictions, a detailed account of how the associated representations evolve over time is lacking. Here, we address this question using human magnetoencephalography (MEG) and multivariate analyses of instantaneous activity in reconstructed sources. We overtrained participants on a simple instrumental reward learning task where geometric cues predicted a distribution of possible rewards, from which a sample was revealed 2000 ms later. We show that predicted mean reward (i.e., expected value), and predicted reward variability (i.e., economic risk), are encoded distinctly. Early on, representations of mean reward are seen in parietal and visual areas, and later in frontal regions with orbitofrontal cortex emerging last. Strikingly, an encoding of reward variability emerges simultaneously in parietal/sensory and frontal sources and later than mean reward encoding. An orbitofrontal variability encoding emerged around the same time as that seen for mean reward. Crucially, cross-prediction showed that mean reward and variability representations are distinct and also revealed that instantaneous representations become more stable over time. Across sources, the best fitting metric for variability signals was coefficient of variation (rather than SD or variance), but distinct best metrics were seen for individual brain regions. Our data demonstrate how a dynamic encoding of probabilistic reward prediction unfolds in the brain both in time and space.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPredicting future reward is paramount to optimal behavior. To gain insight into the underlying neural computations, we investigate how reward representations in the brain arise over time. Using magnetoencephalography, we show that a representation of predicted mean reward emerges early in parietal/sensory regions and later in frontal cortex. In contrast, predicted reward variability representations appear in most regions at the same time, and slightly later than for mean reward. For both features, representations dynamically change >1000 ms before stabilizing. The best metric for encoding variability is coefficient of variation, with heterogeneity in this encoding seen between brain areas. The results provide novel insights into the emergence of predictive reward representations.
BAF53b, a Neuron-Specific Nucleosome Remodeling Factor, Is Induced after Learning and Facilitates Long-Term Memory Consolidation
Authors: Yoo Miran , Choi Kwang-Yeon , Kim Jieun , Kim Mujun , Shim Jaehoon , Choi Jun-Hyeok , Cho Hye-Yeon , Oh Jung-Pyo , Kim Hyung-Su , Kaang Bong-Kiun , Han Jin-Hee 
Published: March 2017

Although epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation have recently been implicated in memory consolidation and persistence, the role of nucleosome-remodeling is largely unexplored. Recent studies show that the functional loss of BAF53b, a postmitotic neuron-specific subunit of the BAF nucleosome-remodeling complex, results in the deficit of consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory and cocaine-associated memory in the rodent brain. However, it is unclear whether BAF53b expression is regulated during memory formation and how BAF53b regulates fear memory in the amygdala, a key brain site for fear memory encoding and storage. To address these questions, we used viral vector approaches to either decrease or increase BAF53b function specifically in the lateral amygdala of adult mice in auditory fear conditioning paradigm. Knockdown ofBaf53bbefore training disrupted long-term memory formation with no effect on short-term memory, basal synaptic transmission, and spine structures. We observed in our qPCR analysis that BAF53b was induced in the lateral amygdala neurons at the late consolidation phase after fear conditioning. Moreover, transient BAF53b overexpression led to persistently enhanced memory formation, which was accompanied by increase in thin-type spine density. Together, our results provide the evidence that BAF53b is induced after learning, and show that such increase of BAF53b level facilitates memory consolidation likely by regulating learning-related spine structural plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent works in the rodent brain begin to link nucleosome remodeling-dependent epigenetic mechanism to memory consolidation. Here we show that BAF53b, an epigenetic factor involved in nucleosome remodeling, is induced in the lateral amygdala neurons at the late phase of consolidation after fear conditioning. Using specific gene knockdown or overexpression approaches, we identify the critical role of BAF53b in the lateral amygdala neurons for memory consolidation during long-term memory formation. Our results thus provide an idea about how nucleosome remodeling can be regulated during long-term memory formation and contributes to the permanent storage of associative fear memory in the lateral amygdala, which is relevant to fear and anxiety-related mental disorders.
Truncated TrkB.T1-Mediated Astrocyte Dysfunction Contributes to Impaired Motor Function and Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Matyas Jessica J. , O'Driscoll Cliona M. , Yu Laina , Coll-Miro Marina , Daugherty Sean , Renn Cynthia L. , Faden Alan I. , Dorsey Susan G. , Wu Junfang 
Published: March 2017

Following spinal cord injury (SCI), astrocytes demonstrate long-lasting reactive changes, which are associated with the persistence of neuropathic pain and motor dysfunction. We previously demonstrated that upregulation of trkB.T1, a truncated isoform of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor (BDNF), contributes to gliosis after SCI, but little is known about the effects of trkB.T1 on the function of astrocytes. As trkB.T1 is the sole isoform of trkB receptors expressed on astrocytes, we examined the function of trkB.T1-driven astrocytesin vitroandin vivo. Immunohistochemistry showed that trkB.T1+cells were significantly upregulated 7 d after injury, with sustained elevation in white matter through 8 weeks. The latter increase was predominantly found in astrocytes. TrkB.T1 was also highly expressed by neurons and microglia/macrophages at 7 d after injury and declined by 8 weeks. RNA sequencing of cultured astrocytes derived fromtrkB.T1+/+(WT) andtrkB.T1−/−(KO) mice revealed downregulation of migration and proliferation pathways in KO astrocytes. KO astrocytes also exhibited slower migration/proliferationin vitroin response to FBS or BDNF compared with WT astrocytes. Reduced proliferation of astrocytes was also confirmed after SCI in astrocyte-specifictrkB.T1KO mice; using mechanical allodynia and pain-related measurements on the CatWalk, these animals also showed reduced hyperpathic responses, along with improved motor coordination. Together, our data indicate that trkB.T1 in astrocytes contributes to neuropathic pain and neurological dysfunction following SCI, suggesting that trkB.T1 may provide a novel therapeutic target for SCI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) may in part be caused by upregulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor trkB.T1, a truncated isoform of BDNF. TrkB.T1 is the only isoform of tropomyosin-related receptor kinase type B (trkB) receptors expressed on astrocytes. Here, we showed that trkB.T1 is significantly increased in the injured mouse spinal cord, where it is predominantly found in astrocytes. RNA sequencing of cultured astrocytes demonstrated downregulation of migration and proliferation pathways intrkB.T1KO astrocytes. This was validatedin vivo, where deletion oftrkB.T1in astrocytes reduced cell proliferation and migration. After SCI, astrocyte-specifictrkB.T1KO mice showed reduced hyperpathic responses and improved motor coordination. Therefore, the trkB.T1 receptor plays a significant pathophysiological role after SCI, and may provide a novel therapeutic target for SCI.
Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Characterized by Deficient Brainstem and Cortical Representations of Speech
Authors: Bidelman Gavin M. , Lowther Jill E. , Tak Sunghee H. , Alain Claude 
Published: March 2017

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is recognized as a transitional phase in the progression toward more severe forms of dementia and is an early precursor to Alzheimer's disease. Previous neuroimaging studies reveal that MCI is associated with aberrant sensory–perceptual processing in cortical brain regions subserving auditory and language function. However, whether the pathophysiology of MCI extends to speech processing before conscious awareness (brainstem) is unknown. Using a novel electrophysiological approach, we recorded both brainstem and cortical speech-evoked brain event-related potentials (ERPs) in older, hearing-matched human listeners who did and did not present with subtle cognitive impairment revealed through behavioral neuropsychological testing. We found that MCI was associated with changes in neural speech processing characterized as hypersensitivity (larger) brainstem and cortical speech encoding in MCI compared with controls in the absence of any perceptual speech deficits. Group differences also interacted with age differentially across the auditory pathway; brainstem responses became larger and cortical ERPs smaller with advancing age. Multivariate classification revealed that dual brainstem–cortical speech activity correctly identified MCI listeners with 80% accuracy, suggesting its application as a biomarker of early cognitive decline. Brainstem responses were also a more robust predictor of individuals' MCI severity than cortical activity. Our findings suggest that MCI is associated with poorer encoding and transfer of speech signals between functional levels of the auditory system and advance the pathophysiological understanding of cognitive aging by identifying subcortical deficits in auditory sensory processing mere milliseconds (<10 ms) after sound onset and before the emergence of perceptual speech deficits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a precursor to dementia marked by declines in communication skills. Whether MCI pathophysiology extends below cerebral cortex to affect speech processing before conscious awareness (brainstem) is unknown. By recording neuroelectric brain activity to speech from brainstem and cortex, we show that MCI hypersensitizes the normal encoding of speech information across the hearing brain. Deficient neural responses to speech (particularly those generated from the brainstem) predicted the presence of MCI with high accuracy and before behavioral deficits. Our findings advance the neurological understanding of MCI by identifying a subcortical biomarker in auditory–sensory processing before conscious awareness, which may be a precursor to declines in speech understanding.
TT‐seq captures enhancer landscapes immediately after T‐cell stimulation
Authors: Michel Margaux , Demel Carina , Zacher Benedikt , Schwalb Björn , Krebs Stefan , Blum Helmut , Gagneur Julien , Cramer Patrick 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo monitor transcriptional regulation in human cells, rapid changes in enhancer and promoter activity must be captured with high sensitivity and temporal resolution. Here, we show that the recently established protocol TT‐seq (“transient transcriptome sequencing”) can monitor rapid changes in transcription from enhancers and promoters during the immediate response of T cells to ionomycin and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). TT‐seq maps eRNAs and mRNAs every 5 min after T‐cell stimulation with high sensitivity and identifies many new primary response genes. TT‐seq reveals that the synthesis of 1,601 eRNAs and 650 mRNAs changes significantly within only 15 min after stimulation, when standard RNA‐seq does not detect differentially expressed genes. Transcription of enhancers that are primed for activation by nucleosome depletion can occur immediately and simultaneously with transcription of target gene promoters. Our results indicate that enhancer transcription is a good proxy for enhancer regulatory activity in target gene activation, and establish TT‐seq as a tool for monitoring the dynamics of enhancer landscapes and transcription programs during cellular responses and differentiation.
Efficacy of pasireotide in controlling severe hypercortisolism until cardiac transplantation
Authors: Attanasio Roberto , Cortesi Liana , Gianola Daniela , Vettori Claudia , Sileo Fulvio , Trevisan Roberto 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Cushing’s syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although surgery is the first-line treatment, drugs can still play a role as an ancillary treatment to be employed while waiting for surgery, after unsuccessful operation or in patients unsuitable for surgery. We were asked to evaluate a 32-year-old male waiting for cardiac transplantation. Idiopathic hypokinetic cardiomyopathy had been diagnosed since 6 years. He was on treatment with multiple drugs, had a pacemaker, an implantable cardioverter and an external device for the support of systolic function. Physical examination showed severely impaired general status, signs of hypercortisolism and multiple vertebral compression fractures. We administered teriparatide, and the few evaluable parameters supported the diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism: serum cortisol was 24.2 µg/dL in the morning and 20.3 µg/dL after overnight 1 mg dexamethasone, urinary free cortisol (UFC) was 258 µg/24 h and ACTH 125 pg/mL. Pituitary CT was negative. Pasireotide 300 µg bid was administered and uptitrated to 600 µg bid. Treatment was well tolerated, achieving dramatic improvement of clinical picture with progressive normalization of serum cortisol and ACTH levels as well as UFC. After 4 months, the patient underwent successful heart transplantation. Many complications ensued and were overcome. Pituitary MRI was negative. On pasireotide 300 µg bid and prednisone 2.5 mg/day (as part of immunosuppressive therapy), morning serum cortisol and ACTH were 15.6 µg/dL and 54 pg/mL respectively, UFC was 37 µg/24 h, fasting glucose: 107 mg/dL and HbA1c: 6.5%. In conclusion, primary treatment with pasireotide achieved remission of hypercortisolism, thus allowing the patient to undergo heart transplantation.

Learning points:

Untreated Cushing’s syndrome is associated with ominous prognosis.

First-line treatment is surgery (at pituitary or adrenal, according to disease localization).

A few drugs are available to treat hypercortisolism.

Pasireotide is a multi-ligand somatostatin analog approved for treatment of hypercortisolism.

Primary treatment with pasireotide was effective in a patient with severe Cushing’s syndrome, allowing him to undergo heart transplantation.
Impact of a National Guideline on Antibiotic Selection for Hospitalized Pneumonia
Authors: Williams Derek J. , Hall Matthew , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Neuman Mark I. , Hersh Adam L. , Brogan Thomas V. , Parikh Kavita , Mahant Sanjay , Blaschke Anne J. , Shah Samir S. , Grijalva Carlos G. ,   Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings Network
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:
We evaluated the impact of the 2011 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America pneumonia guideline and hospital-level implementation efforts on antibiotic prescribing for children hospitalized with pneumonia.

METHODS:
We assessed inpatient antibiotic prescribing for pneumonia at 28 children’s hospitals between August 2009 and March 2015. Each hospital was also surveyed regarding local implementation efforts targeting antibiotic prescribing and organizational readiness to adopt guideline recommendations. To estimate guideline impact, we used segmented linear regression to compare the proportion of children receiving penicillins in March 2015 with the expected proportion at this same time point had the guideline not been published based on a projection of a preguideline trend. A similar approach was used to estimate the short-term (6-month) impact of local implementation efforts. The correlations between organizational readiness and the impact of the guideline were estimated by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

RESULTS:
Before guideline publication, penicillin prescribing was rare (&lt;10%). After publication, an absolute increase in penicillin use was observed (27.6% [95% confidence interval: 23.7%–31.5%]) by March 2015. Among hospitals with local implementation efforts (n = 20, 71%), the median increase was 29.5% (interquartile range: 19.6%–39.1%) compared with 20.1% (interquartile rage: 9.5%–44.5%) among hospitals without such activities (P = .51). The independent, short-term impact of local implementation efforts was similar in magnitude to that of the national guideline. Organizational readiness was not correlated with prescribing changes.

CONCLUSIONS:
The publication of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline was associated with sustained increases in the use of penicillins for children hospitalized with pneumonia. Local implementation efforts may have enhanced guideline adoption and appeared more relevant than hospitals’ organizational readiness to change.
È possibile risolvere la questione dell’incardinazione anomala di cui al can. 701 del CIC/83?
Authors: Michowicz Przemysław 
Published: March 2017

The main goal of this article is to find a constructive legal solution after incardinatio abnormis arose as a result of a legal dismissal of the member of the clerical religious Institute. By virtue of a legal dismissal decree, the punished religious-cleric looses a proper canonical status of being consecrated. The author discusses the meaning of the legal dismissal in the Code of Canon Law of 1983. Emphasis is placed on the consequences and circumstances of this act; especially in order to address the problem of incardination of a religious-cleric who was punished with a dismissal. Dimissio modo iure praescripto automatically excardinates from the religious Institute, however without any guarantee or a subjective right or faculty given to the punished cleric in order to be eligible to be incardinated to another ecclesial community according to the can. 265 CIC/83.