bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Projection Matching for X-ray Tomography
Authors: Wang Chun-Chieh , Chiang Cheng-Cheng , Liang Biqing , Yin Gung-Chian , Weng Yi-Tse , Wang Liang-Chi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractX-ray 3D tomographic techniques are powerful tools for investigating the morphology and internal structures of specimens. A common strategy for obtaining 3D tomography is to capture a series of 2D projections from different X-ray illumination angles of specimens mounted on a finely calibrated rotational stage. However, the reconstruction quality of 3D tomography relies on the precision and stability of the rotational stage, i.e. the accurate alignment of the 2D projections in the correct three-dimensional positions. This is a crucial problem for nano-tomographic techniques due to the non-negligible mechanical imperfection of the rotational stages at the nanometer level which significantly degrades the spatial resolution of reconstructed 3-D tomography. Even when using an X-ray micro-CT with a highly stabilized rotational stage, thermal effects caused by the CT system are not negligible and may cause sample drift. Here, we propose a markerless image auto-alignment algorithm based on an iterative method. This algorithm reduces the traditional projection matching method into two simplified matching problems and it is much faster and more reliable than traditional methods. This algorithm can greatly decrease hardware requirements for both nano-tomography and data processing and can be easily applied to other tomographic techniques, such as X-ray micro-CT and electron tomography.
Metabolic fingerprinting of bacteria by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arunima , Datta Rupsa , Gratton Enrico , Hochbaum Allon I. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBacterial populations exhibit a range of metabolic states influenced by their environment, intra- and interspecies interactions. The identification of bacterial metabolic states and transitions between them in their native environment promises to elucidate community behavior and stochastic processes, such as antibiotic resistance acquisition. In this work, we employ two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to create a metabolic fingerprint of individual bacteria and populations. FLIM of autofluorescent reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), NAD(P)H, has been previously exploited for label-free metabolic imaging of mammalian cells. However, NAD(P)H FLIM has not been established as a metabolic proxy in bacteria. Applying the phasor approach, we create FLIM-phasor maps of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis at the single cell and population levels. The bacterial phasor is sensitive to environmental conditions such as antibiotic exposure and growth phase, suggesting that observed shifts in the phasor are representative of metabolic changes within the cells. The FLIM-phasor approach represents a powerful, non-invasive imaging technique to study bacterial metabolism in situ and could provide unique insights into bacterial community behavior, pathology and antibiotic resistance with sub-cellular resolution.
Long Sleep Duration Is an Independent Risk Factor for Incident Atrial Fibrillation in a Chinese Population: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Song Qiaofeng , Liu Xiaoxue , Hu Wanning , Zhou Wenhua , Liu Aijuan , Wang Xizhu , Wu Shouling 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThere is limited information on the relation between sleep duration and incident atrial fibrillation. We aimed to investigate this association in a Chinese population using cohort data from a study in Kailuan. The analysis included 87,693 participants (age range, 18–98 years) free of atrial fibrillation at the baseline survey. Participants were divided into three categories according to self-reported sleep duration: ≤6.0 hours, 7 hours (ref), ≥8.0 hours. Atrial fibrillation diagnosis was made on a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram and via self-reported history. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (CI) for atrial fibrillation, according to sleep duration. During median follow-up of 7.89 (range, 6.36–8.57) years, 322 cases of atrial fibrillation had occurred. Using 7 hours of sleep as the reference group, multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CI) for atrial fibrillation were 1.07 (0.75–1.53), 1.0 (ref), and 1.50 (1.07–2.10), from lowest to highest category of sleep duration. Secondary analysis showed no evidence of interactions between sleep duration and sex and snoring on the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (p = 0.75/0.25). We conclude long sleep duration may be a potential predictor/marker for incident atrial fibrillation.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Benetti-Pinto Cristina Laguna , Rosa-e-Silva Ana Carolina Japur de Sá , Yela Daniela Angerame , Soares Júnior José Maria 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAbnormal uterine bleeding is a frequent condition in Gynecology. It may impact physical, emotional sexual and professional aspects of the lives of women, impairing their quality of life. In cases of acute and severe bleeding, women may need urgent treatment with volumetric replacement and prescription of hemostatic substances. In some specific cases with more intense and prolonged bleeding, surgical treatment may be necessary. The objective of this chapter is to describe the main evidence on the treatment of women with abnormal uterine bleeding, both acute and chronic. Didactically, the treatment options were based on the current International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification system (PALM-COEIN). The etiologies of PALM-COEIN are: uterine Polyp (P), Adenomyosis (A), Leiomyoma (L), precursor and Malignant lesions of the uterine body (M), Coagulopathies (C), Ovulatory dysfunction (O), Endometrial dysfunction (E), Iatrogenic (I), and Not yet classified (N). The articles were selected according to the recommendation grades of the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases, and those in which the main objective was the reduction of uterine menstrual bleeding were included. Only studies written in English were included. All editorial or complete papers that were not consistent with abnormal uterine bleeding, or studies in animal models, were excluded. The main objective of the treatment is the reduction of menstrual flow and morbidity and the improvement of quality of life. It is important to emphasize that the treatment in the acute phase aims to hemodynamically stabilize the patient and stop excessive bleeding, while the treatment in the chronic phase is based on correcting menstrual dysfunction according to its etiology and clinical manifestations. The treatment may be surgical or pharmacological, and the latter is based mainly on hormonal therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs and antifibrinolytics.
Etiology and Perinatal Outcome of Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis in Southern China
Authors: He Sheng , Wang Linlin , Pan Pingshan , Wei Hongwei , Meng Dahua , Du Juan , Tian Xiaoxian , Zheng Chenguang , Qiu Xiaoxia , Luo Guoyang 
Published: June 2017

Objective This study aims to analyze the etiology and perinatal outcome of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) in Southern China.
Methods All cases with NIHF diagnosed antenatally from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2014 were identified and analyzed.
Results Total 482 cases of NIHF were identified during the study period. The most common cause of NIHF was hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's disease (61.8%), followed by chromosomal abnormalities (13.5%), idiopathic etiology (13.1%), cardiac abnormalities (6.4%), and others (5.2%). After 20 weeks' gestation, a total of 408 cases of NIHF presented, including Hb Bart's disease (279 cases), cardiac abnormalities (27 cases), and infection (7 cases). NIHF caused by chromosomal abnormalities mainly presented between 15 and 19 weeks' gestation. Of the 482 cases, 459 cases elected termination of pregnancy. The remaining 23 cases elected to continue their pregnancy. Among them, 14 (60.9%) resulted in intrauterine fetal death, 6 had neonatal death, 3 infants survived to 1 year of age. Of the three infants, one has cerebral palsy, and the remaining two are normal.
Conclusions Hb Bart's disease is the most common cause of NIHF in Southern China. An effective prenatal screening and counseling program for thalassemia in this region may be the most effective way to lower the incidence NIHF.
Phonochirurgie – eine retrospektive Analyse von 400 Eingriffen
Authors: Reiter Rudolf , Hoffmann Thomas 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Stimmstörungen sind u. a. durch Pseudotumore der Stimmlippen oder durch Stimmlippenparesen mit inkomplettem Glottisschluss
bedingt und können eine phonochirurgische Therapie erfordern. Es sollten derartige Eingriffe hinsichtlich postoperativem Stimmergebnis und
Sicherheit des Verfahrens analysiert werden.
Methode Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse von 400 konsekutiven phonochirurgischen Eingriffen wurden folgende Parameter erfasst:
Verteilung der Pathologien, Einschätzung der Stimmqualität 6 Wochen nach dem chirurgischen Eingriff im Vergleich zu präoperativ durch den
Patienten und Untersucher (RBH-System), Videolaryngostroboskopie, Komplikationen und histologisches Ergebnis.
Ergebnisse Im Kollektiv dominierten Stimmlippenpolypen (36 %), -zysten (12 %) und -paresen (10 %). Nach dem Eingriff verbesserte sich
die Stimmqualität in 90 % der Fälle.Bei 14 % war aufgrund einer Fehlkompensation eine postoperative Stimmtherapie erforderlich. Nach einer Stimmlippenaugmentation entwickelten
sich je in einem Fall ein Larynxödem und eine temporäre Stimmlippenparese der Gegenseite. Die histologische Aufarbeitung erbrachte als
Zufallsbefund einen malignen osteoklastären Riesenzelltumor, einen Granularzelltumor und ein Carcinoma in situ der Stimmlippe, welche einer
weiterführenden chirurgischen Behandlung und Kontrollen zugeführt werden musste.
Diskussion Die mikrolaryngoskopische Phonochirurgie ist ein sicheres und effektives Therapieverfahren. Die histologische Aufarbeitung
ist auch bei makroskopisch primär unsuspekten Tumoren sinnvoll, damit seltene Tumorentitäten oder Malignome nicht übersehen werden. Eine
postoperative Observation ist zur frühzeitigen Erkennung und Behandlung von Komplikationen wie Larynxschwellung oder Stimmlippenparese
anzuraten.
How does irony arise in experience?
Authors: Gibbs, Jr. Raymond W. , Samermit Patrawat 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
How does irony arise in experience? Most studies of irony focus on the verbal expression of ironic meaning. Irony is typically viewed as a rhetorical tool used for indirect communication. But irony also emerges automatically in many nonlinguistic contexts. People often judge paradoxical situations to be ironic, and sometimes recognize that their own failed attempts at thought suppression also lead to a sense or feeling of irony. Irony can also emerge when people enact certain embodied metaphors relevant to pretense and benign violations of the body. This chapter explores these various ways by which irony presents itself in everyday life. We suggest that irony is less an indirect form of communication than fundamental kind of bicoherent thought which underlie many cognitive and expressive actions.
Introducing a three-dimensional model of verbal irony
Authors: Burgers Christian , Steen Gerard J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We introduce a three-dimensional model for irony research, which is an extension of Steen’s (2008, 2011) three-dimensional model of metaphor and similarly argues that the study of irony requires three distinct dimensions: (1) language, (2) thought and (3) communication. Irony in language requires the study of irony’s linguistic structure. Irony in thought focuses on the obligatory reversal of evaluation between the propositional and intended meaning of an ironic utterance. Irony in communication, finally, focuses on whether the literal meaning serves as a distinct referent in the meaning of the ironic utterance. Our model brings together contemporary research on irony and metaphor within one framework and can guide and inspire both theoretical and empirical research.
On ironic puns in Portuguese authentic oral data
Authors: Batoréo Hanna J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the present paper we are going to focus on two Portuguese case studies (one in European Portuguese – EP and one in Brazilian Portuguese – BP) of the ironic oral discourse that result in verbal puns. In our analysis we postulate that studying multiple meanings (polysemy and homonymy) in puns can explain how irony functions on cognitive, linguistic and cultural levels given that (i) irony is a fundamental way of thinking about human experience (Gibbs & Colston, 2007; Gibbs, 2012); (ii) it is perspectivised and culturally grounded (Tobin & Israel, 2012; Dancygier & Sweetser, 2012, 2015); and (iii) linguistically explicit in verbal irony (Bryant, 2012, cf. Batoréo, 2016).
The study is qualitative in character: the aim of the analysis is to exemplify cognitive and linguistic mechanisms culturally grounded that make irony work. In two case studies of authentic Portuguese discourse with ironic puns chosen out of larger corpora (cf. References) to be discussed in the present paper we shall argue that (i) polysemy and homonymy are cognitive and linguistic phenomena that trigger ironic puns; (ii) metonymy organised in metonymical chains or networks can be a complex cognitive mechanism that underlies polysemy; (iii) verbal puns are perspectivised and strongly culturally and historically grounded.
Irony, pretence and fictively-elaborating hyperbole
Authors: Barnden John A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article broadly adopts a well-known approach to verbal irony: taking ironic speakers to be engaging in pretence; and it follows others in viewing the pretences as (micro-)dramas created by the ironists, who act characters in the dramas. But it breaks new ground by strongly emphasizing the world of the drama (the drama’s world). In drama, acted characters operate within some implied world (e.g., a historical setting). Equally, in irony there is such a world. We then see a triangle of contrast: not only (a) the opposition usually considered in irony theory – between acted characters’ views/attitudes and the nature of the real world – but also potential contrast between (b) those views/attitudes and the rest of the drama’s world, and between (c) drama’s world and real world. This particularly helps us analyse fictively-elaborating hyperbole, arising from drama-world details invented by ironists. The article also invites non-pretence irony theories to try to account for the effects.
Cognitive modeling and irony
Authors: de Mendoza Ibáñez Francisco José Ruiz 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter studies the role of the pragmatic notion of echo in creating ironic meaning. The notion of echo is treated as a cognitive operation rather than just a pragmatic task, which combines with other cognitive operations of at least two kinds: concept-building and inferential. The former operations include the creation of echoed and observed scenarios. The latter include the cancellation and addition of structure in an echoed scenario resulting from the contrast between the two scenarios. This account of irony, which is complementary of the one developed in Relevance Theory, allows us to trace the origin of the speaker’s attitudinal component in an ironic utterance to the underlying cognitive activity involving the cancellation of echoed assumptions within an inferential reasoning schema.
The standard experimental approach to the study of irony
Authors: Katz Albert 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The traditional way in which irony has been studied in the laboratory takes a critical item, such as the sentence “You are a true friend” and embeds it in a verbal context that either supports a sincere reading or a counterfactual ironic one. One can question the ecological validity of this approach. In this chapter, three demonstrations are presented to show that by making slight changes to the traditional methodology one can provide insights into the discourse context in which irony is embedded, the pragmatic effects of the critical statements above that provided by the discourse context and, finally, a means of disentangling the multi-faced aspects of the ironic experience.
Post-truth politics?
Authors: Montgomery Martin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on aspects of the discourse of Donald Trump during his campaign for the U.S. Presidency. It argues that, although we can undoubtedly identify aspects of authoritarian populism in his campaign discourse, its appeal rested on more than its content. Indeed, although significant parts of the U.S. public sphere rejected many of his claims as lies, significant portions of the electorate found his words acceptable on some contrasting basis. By developing a comparison between Habermas’s notion of ‘validity claims’ and Aristotle’s distinctions between different kinds of rhetorical appeal, the paper suggests that a discourse of ‘authenticity’ rather than ‘truth’ provided a crucial cornerstone of Trump’s appeal to his electoral base.
Radical right-wing parties in Europe
Authors: Rydgren Jens 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper I discuss, critically, the literature on populism and the extent to which it applies to the contemporary radical right-wing parties in Europe. These parties are often – and increasingly – referred to as populist parties. I argue that it is misleading to label these parties ‘populist parties’, since populism is not the most pertinent feature of this party family. These parties are mainly defined by ethnic nationalism, and not a populist ideology. In their discourse they are primarily preoccupied with questions pertaining to national identity and national security – and their ‘negative’ doubles immigration, multiculturalism, Islamist threat – and they consistently pit ‘the people’ mainly against elites that they view as responsible for a cultural and political threat against their idealized image of their nation state. The ethnic nationalism of European radical right-wing parties is more important for their discourse and tends to influence the populist elements.
The “Tweet Politics” of President Trump
Authors: Kreis Ramona 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study explores how U.S. President Donald Trump employs Twitter as a strategic instrument of power politics to disseminate his right-wing populist discourse. Applying the discourse-historical approach to critical discourse analysis, this article analyzes the meaning and function of Trump’s discursive strategies on Twitter. The data consists of over 200 tweets collected from his personal account between his inauguration on January 20, 2017 and his first address to Congress on February 28, 2017. The findings show how Trump uses an informal, direct, and provoking communication style to construct and reinforce the concept of a homogeneous people and a homeland threatened by the dangerous other. Moreover, Trump employs positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation to further his agenda via social media. This study demonstrates how his top-down use of Twitter may lead to the normalization of right-wing populist discourses, and thus aims to contribute to the understanding of right-wing populist discourse online.
A new direction for Arabic sociolinguistics
Authors: Bassiouney Reem 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this study, I explore three cases related to linguistic variation and the individual in the Egyptian sociopolitical context. In all three cases, linguistic variation and code choice are mediated not only through linguistic and sociolinguistic variables, but through an ideological process in which talk about language is at times as significant as linguistic choices. Within this social context, an individual’s linguistic choices are not just natural but performed, and at times may be the result or reflection of a wider conflict. I analyze these three cases using the concepts of indexicality (Silverstein 1996) and stance (Du Bois 2007).
Prosodic domains of syllabification in Sudanese Arabic
Authors: Ali Abdel-Khalig 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper proposes a prosodic account of syncope and of epenthesis and consonant deletion, which function as strategies for repairing unsyllabified segments, in three dialects of Sudanese Arabic. The analysis identifies the precise prosodic domains of syllabification in these dialects and shows how these domains interact with the phenomena discussed. On the one hand, the dialects diverge significantly with respect to the prosodic levels at which unsyllabified segments are repaired; this divergence is shown to follow from the degree of restriction each dialect places on word-level syllabification. On the other hand, the dialects exhibit fairly similar patterns with respect to the phrasal domains of syncope; this similarity is shown to be a reflex of the degree of restriction on the phrasal domains of resyllabification.
Acoustic properties of prominence and foot structure in Arabic
Authors: Vogel Irene , Athanasopoulou Angeliki , Pincus Nadya 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The acoustic properties of stress and focus prominence are examined in a large, systematically structured corpus of Arabic collected in Amman, Jordan. A modified version of the Functional Load Hypothesis correctly predicts that duration, a contrastive property of Arabic vowels, will not constitute the main cue of either prominence type as this would obscure its phonemic role. Instead, both Binary Logistic Regression Analyses and descriptive analyses indicate F0 as the main cue for both types of prominence. In addition, duration and F0 patterns reveal word-final lengthening and boundary effects. These lead to a modification of the stress assignment algorithm that permits the construction of uneven trimoraic trochees, as opposed to limiting feet to bimoraic trochees.
Some issues for an analysis of the templatic comparative in Arabic with a focus on the Egyptian dialect
Authors: Davis Stuart 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The comparative in Arabic appears to be a quintessential case of templatic morphology. In most Arabic dialects, the comparative seems to be formed by taking the base adjective and matching it to the templatic shape aCCaC. For example, [kibi:r] ‘big’ has the comparative [akbar]. However, when the details of comparative formation are taken into consideration, various issues arise concerning morphology, syntax, semantics, and phonology. This paper identifies and discusses several of these issues regarding the Arabic comparative, with a primary focus on the Egyptian dialect. Among several novel observations, this study demonstrates that the Arabic comparative reflects a root-based process. This finding offers important support for the consonantal-root-based view of Arabic word formation and, consequently, argues against a strictly stem- or word-based view of Arabic morphology.
Participles in Syrian Arabic
Authors: Hallman Peter 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper explores the distribution and interpretation of active and passive participles in contemporary Syrian Arabic. The fact that Syrian Arabic participles license objective Case suggests they are ‘verbal’ participles, i.e. verbs ‘disguised’ as adjectives. However, a detailed investigation uncovers substantial parallels with English adjectival participles. I therefore argue that Syrian Arabic adjectival participles differ from those in better-studied Indo-European languages in containing licensing structure for object Case. This, in turn, means that adjectival participles are not necessarily structurally defective, as has been proposed in the literature, but that the size of adjectival participles is a point of cross-linguistic parametric variation.