bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absolute and Functional Iron Deficiency in the US, 2017-2020
Authors: Tawfik Yahya M. K. , Billingsley Hayley , Bhatt Ankeet S. , Aboelsaad Iman , Al-Khezi Omar S. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Buckley Leo F. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceThe prevalence of absolute and functional iron deficiency among adults in the US is unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of absolute and iron deficiency and iron supplement use in the US across age, sex, and comorbidity categories.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017 to 2020 prepandemic cycle. Participants included noninstitutionalized, civilian women and men aged 18 years or older who had available serum ferritin, iron, and unsaturated iron binding capacity measurements. Data analysis was performed from March 21, 2023, to July 5, 2024.ExposureAbsolute iron deficiency and functional iron deficiency.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAbsolute iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin less than 30 ng/mL regardless of transferrin saturation. Functional iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin greater than or equal to 30 ng/mL with transferrin saturation less than 20%. The prevalence of absolute and functional iron deficiency was estimated among all adults in the US and separately among women and men according to age category (&amp;gt;18 years to &amp;lt;50 years, 50-65 years, and ≥65 years) using recommended sample weights and sampling design factors to provide estimates representative of the national, noninstitutionalized civilian population. The 95% CIs were calculated using the Korn-Graubard method.ResultsA total of 8021 US adults (mean age, 48 years; 95% CI, 47-49 years; 52% [95% CI, 50%-53%] female) were included in this analysis. An estimated 14% (95% CI, 13%-15%) of adults in the US met the criteria for absolute iron deficiency, and an estimated 15% (95% CI, 14%-17%) met the criteria for functional iron deficiency. Among US adults without anemia, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or current pregnancy, the estimated prevalence of absolute iron deficiency was 11% (95% CI, 10%-11%), and that of functional iron deficiency was 15% (95% CI, 14%-17%). The prevalence of functional iron deficiency exceeded that of absolute iron deficiency in all US adults except women younger than 50 years. Iron supplement use ranged from 22% (95% CI, 12%-37%) to 35% (95% CI, 29%-42%) of women with iron deficiency and 12% (95% CI, 5%-21%) to 18% (95% CI, 8%-32%) of men with iron deficiency depending on age.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that absolute and functional iron deficiency affect a large proportion of American adults even in the absence of anemia, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease. Further research on the role of functional iron deficiency in adverse health outcomes and on iron deficiency screening strategies is needed.
Coordination Stabilization of Fe by Porphyrin‐Intercalated NiFe‐LDH Under Industrial‐Level Alkaline Conditions for Long‐Term Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Hu Yihang , Shen Tianyang , Wu Zhaohui , Song Ziheng , Sun Xiaoliang , Hu Siyu , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe durable and economic electrocatalysts with high current density under industrial alkaline conditions are critical for advancing the industrial production of hydrogen energy by water electrolysis. The industrial highly alkaline electrolyte exacerbates the Fe dissolution of NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH), leading to the dramatic degradation of stability and activity. The NiFe‐LDH intercalated Tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) (NiFe‐TCPP), 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) (NiFe‐DOTA) and CO32− (NiFe‐CO3) are fabricated respectively for electrocatalytic water oxidation under industrial alkaline conditions. In 10 m KOH, compared to NiFe‐DOTA (335.0 mV) and NiFe‐CO3 (499.2 mV), the resultant NiFe‐TCPP exhibits the lowest overpotentials of 290.2 mV at 1000 mA cm−2. The NiFe‐TCPP also operates continuously for 1000 h at 500 mA cm−2 with near‐zero attenuation. The theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the strong coordination between conjugated carboxylate ligand TCPP and Fe of the laminate inhibits the Fe leaching by increasing the dissolution energy barriers to 4.29 eV and improving the self‐healing ability, thus enhancing the stability. Furthermore, the charge redistribution induced by the strong coordination optimizes the d‐band centers (‐2.81 eV) and decreases the reaction energy barriers (1.47 eV), thereby increasing the catalytic activity.
Automated Microfluidics‐Assisted Hydrogel‐Based Wet‐Spinning for the Biofabrication of Biomimetic Engineered Myotendinous Junction
Authors: Volpi Marina , Paradiso Alessia , Walejewska Ewa , Gargioli Cesare , Costantini Marco , Swieszkowski Wojciech 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe muscle‐tendon junction (MTJ) plays a pivotal role in efficiently converting the muscular contraction into a controlled skeletal movement through the tendon. Given its complex biomechanical intricacy, the biofabrication of such tissue interface represents a significant challenge in the field of musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Herein, a novel method to produce MTJ‐like hydrogel yarns using a microfluidics‐assisted 3D rotary wet‐spinning strategy is developed. Optimization of flow rates, rotational speed, and delivery time of bioinks enables the production of highly compartmentalized scaffolds that recapitulate the muscle, tendon, and the transient MTJ‐like region. Additionally, such biofabrication parameters are validated in terms of cellular response by promoting an optimal uniaxial alignment for both muscle and tendon precursor cells. By sequentially wet‐spinning C2C12 myoblasts and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, a gradient‐patterned cellular arrangement mirroring the intrinsic biological heterogeneity of the MTJ is successfully obtained. The immunofluorescence assessment further reveals the localized expression of tissue‐specific markers, including myosin heavy chain and collagen type I/III, which demonstrate muscle and tenogenic tissue maturation, respectively. Remarkably, the muscle‐tendon transition zone exhibits finger‐like projection of the multinucleated myotubes in the tenogenic compartment, epitomizing the MTJ signature architecture.
Photoconvertible and Photoactivatable Perylene BisImide Based on Photocyclization
Authors: Berruyer Valentine Le , Perrier Aurelie , Collot Mayeul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotomodulable fluorophores constitute advanced materials as they possess the ability to modify their photophysical properties upon photoirradiation. A new mechanism of photoconversion is recently established, called Directed Photooxidation Induced Conversion based on the coupling of fluorophores with Aromatic Singlet oxygen Reactive Moieties (ASORMs). In this work, The Directed Photooxidation Induced Conversion (DPIC) mechanism is intended to be applied to Perylene BisImide (PBI) due to its appealing photophysical properties. The experimental results showed that coupling two ASORMs to the PBI core, here furan and pyrrole, led to impressive photomodulable fluorophores. While PBI‐F exhibited a photoconversion of 100 nm shift, PBI‐P displayed an 80‐fold fluorescence intensity enhancement upon photoactivation. Analysis of the photoproducts showed that the conversion do not involve an addition of singlet oxygen on the ASORM. Instead, photoconversion occurred through efficient successive photocyclizations. Finally, intracellular vesicles are successfully photoconverted by means of endocytosed PLGA‐polymer nanoparticles loaded with PBI‐F. This study highlights the unique capability of furan‐ and pyrrole‐conjugated fluorophores to enable advanced optical materials with phototransformation properties.
Collinear Spin Current Induced by Artificial Modulation of Interfacial Symmetry
Authors: Li Zhuoyi , Zhang Zhe , Wei Mengjie , Lu Xianyang , Li Taotao , Zhou Jian , Yan Yu , Du Jun , Wang Xinran , Li Yao , He Liang , Wu Jing , Gao Yang , Zhang Rong , Xu Yongbing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent induced spin–orbit torque (SOT) manipulation of magnetization is pivotal in spintronic devices. However, its application for perpendicular magnetic anisotropy magnets, crucial for high‐density storage and memory devices, remains nondeterministic and inefficient. Here, a highly efficient approach is demonstrated to generate collinear spin currents by artificial modulation of interfacial symmetry, achieving 100% current‐induced field‐free SOT switching in CoFeB multilayers with perpendicular magnetization on stepped Al2O3 substrates. This field‐free switching is primarily driven by the out‐of‐plane anti‐damping SOT generated by the planar spin Hall effect (PSHE), resulting from reduced interface symmetry due to orientation‐determined steps. Microscopic theoretical analysis confirms the presence and significance of PSHE in this process. Notably, this method for generating out‐of‐plane spin polarization along the collinear direction of the spin‐current with artificial modulation of interfacial symmetry, overcomes inherent material symmetry constraints. These findings provide a promising avenue for universal control of spin–orbit torque, addressing challenges associated with low crystal symmetry and highlighting its great potential to advance the development of energy‐efficient spintronic devices technology.
Associated Anomalies in Radial Ray Deficiency
Authors: Stoll Claude , Alembik Yves , Roth Marie‐Paule 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTRadial ray deficiency (RRD) may be isolated, without other congenital anomalies or co‐occurring with other, non‐RRD, congenital anomalies. The prevalence and the types of co‐occurring anomalies are variable in the reported studies. The aim of this study was to obtain the prevalence and the types of co‐occurring congenital anomalies among cases with RRD in a geographically well‐characterized population of 387,067 consecutive births in northeastern France from 1979 to 2007 including live births, stillbirths and terminations of pregnancy. During the study period 83 cases with RRD were ascertained (prevalence of 2.14 per 10,000 births), 63 cases (75.9%) had co‐occurring anomalies. Cases with co‐occurring anomalies were divided into chromosomal anomalies (18 cases, 22%), syndromic conditions (syndromes and associations, 23 cases, 28%), and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) (22 cases, 26%). Trisomies 18 and autosomal deletions were the most common chromosomal abnormalities. Thrombocytopenia absent radii syndrome, VACTERL association, Fanconi anemia, Roberts syndrome, and Holt‐Oram syndrome were the most common syndromic conditions. Anomalies in the musculoskeletal, the cardiovascular, the urinary, and the orofacial system were the most common co‐occurring anomalies in cases with MCA. As cases with RRD have often co‐occurring congenital anomalies, a multidisciplinary checkup of these cases is recommended.
Hospital Visits Associated With Oral Infections in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Register‐Based Analysis
Authors: Reinhold Vivian , Kallionpää Roope A. , Valtanen Mikko , Auranen Kari , Syrjänen Stina , Peltonen Sirkku , Peltonen Juha 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTVarious forms of oral involvement have been reported in patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). Here, we analyze register‐based associations between NF1 and hospital visits related to oral infections. The Finnish NF1 cohort encompasses all individuals with verified NF1 who have visited the Finnish central and university hospitals in 1987–2011. The Finnish Care Register for Health Care allowed the follow‐up of 1349 individuals with NF1, their 1894 siblings without NF1, and 13,870 matched controls for diagnoses related to oral infections in 1998–2014. We observed clearly increased hazards for hospital visits associated with dental caries (ICD‐10 K02; NF1 vs. controls, hazard ratio [HR] 4.42, 95% CI 3.23–6.04), diseases of pulp and periapical tissues (K04; HR 3.85, 95% CI 2.68–5.54), and gingivitis and periodontal diseases (K05; HR 3.63, 95% CI 2.37–5.56). In contrast, hospital visits related to diseases of salivary glands (K11), and stomatitis and related lesions (K12) did not show significantly increased hazard in NF1 compared with the controls or the non‐NF1 siblings. In conclusion, the findings suggest that hospital visits related to oral infections are relatively common among individuals with NF1. The results highlight the need for early detection, proactive prevention, and timely treatment of oral infections in individuals with NF1.
Investigating Metastable Gelation Behavior of Coumarin‐Derived β‐Enaminone‐Boron Difluoride Complexes
Authors: Manjappa Kiran B. , Saravanan Velu , Yang Ding‐Yah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGelation behavior was unearthed while investigating the photophysical properties of β‐enaminones and their difluoroboron complexes. To perform a systematic investigation, a library of β‐enaminone's difluoroboron complexes was prepared to examine their gelation behavior in organic solvents. Among the prepared compounds, the N‐butyl amine‐substituted β‐enamino diketone was found to exhibit metastable gelation properties in a mixed solvent system (methylene chloride and hexane). Our studies suggest that the presence of N‐butylamine moiety along with N,N‐dimethylamino substituent at difluoroboron enaminones is indispensable in imparting the metastable gelation behavior.
Solid‐Liquid‐Gas Three‐Phase Indirect Electrolysis Enabled by Affinity Auxiliary Imparted Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Yi‐Rong , Yue Ming , Liu Gang , Zhang Jia‐Li , Li Qi , Shi Jing‐Wen , Weng Jia‐Yong , Li Run‐Han , Chen Yifa , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe design of efficient heterogeneous redox mediators with favorable affinity to substrate and electrolyte are much desired yet still challenging for the development of indirect electrolysis system. Herein, for the first time, we have developed a solid–liquid–gas three‐phase indirect electrolysis system based on a covalent organic framework (Dha−COF−Cu) as heterogeneous redox mediator for S−S coupling reaction. Dha−COF−Cu with the integration of high porosity, nanorod morphology, abundant hydroxyl groups and active Cu sites is much beneficial for the adsorption/activation of thiols, uniform dispersion and high wettability in electrolyte, and efficient interfacial electron transfer. Notably, Dha−COF−Cu as solid‐phase redox mediator exhibits excellent electrocatalytic efficiency for the formation of value‐added liquid‐phase S−S bond product (yields up to 99 %) coupling with the generation of gas‐phase product of H2 (~1.40 mmol g−1 h−1), resulting in a powerful three‐phase indirect electrolysis system. This is the first work about COFs that can be applied in three‐phase indirect electrolysis system, which might promote the development of porous crystalline materials in this field.
Boron‐Doped Single‐Molecule van der Waals Diode
Authors: Zou Yu‐Ling , Sun Wenting , Xun Jiao , Liang Qing‐Man , Chen Lichuan , Diao Tong‐Ruo , Shi Jia , Wu De‐Yin , Dou Chuandong , Hong Wenjing , Tian Zhong‐Qun , Yang Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSingle‐molecule diode was the first proposed device in molecular electronics. Despite the great efforts and advances over 50 years, the reported rectification ratios, the most critical parameter of a diode, remain moderate for the single‐molecule diode. Herein, we report an approach to achieve a larger rectification ratio by adopting the combined strategies of p‐type boron doping, the single‐layer graphene nodes, and the van der Waals layer‐by‐layer architecture. Measured current–voltage curves showed one of the as‐fabricated single‐molecule diodes hit an unprecedented large rectification ratio of 457 at ±1 V. Break junction operations and spectroscopic measurements revealed the three‐atom‐thick configuration of the single‐molecule diodes. With the experimental and theoretical calculation results, we demonstrated the doped boron atoms induced holes to redistribute the electron density, making the asymmetric coupling at positive and negative biases, and the van der Waals interaction promoted asymmetric coupling and significantly boosted diode performance.
An Expedient Route to Bio‐Based Polyacrylate Alternatives with Inherent Post‐Chemical Modification and Degradation Capabilities by Organic Catalysis for Polymerization of Muconate Esters
Authors: Dardé Thomas , Diomar Émilie , Schultze Xavier , Taton Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe quest for polymers that would be at the same time bio‐based and degradable after usage, in addition to offering chemical post‐modification options, remains a daunting challenge in contemporary polymer science. Despite advances in polymer chemistry, attempts at controlling the chain‐growth polymerization of muconate esters remain unexplored. Here we show that dialkyl muconates can be rapidly polymerized by organocatalyzed group transfer polymerization (O‐GTP). O‐GTP is conducted to completion at room temperature in toluene within a few minutes, using 1‐ethoxy‐1‐(trimethylsiloxy)‐1,3‐butadiene (ETSB) as initiator and 1‐tert‐butyl‐4,4,4‐tris(dimethylamino)‐2,2‐bis[tris(dimethylamino)‐phosphoranylidenamino]‐2
5,4
5 catenadi(phosphazene) (P4‐t‐Bu) as catalyst. Chain extension experiments and synthesis of all muconate‐type block copolymers can also be achieved. Furthermore, polymuconates are amenable to facile post‐polymerization modification reactions. This is showcased through the hydrolysis of the ester side chains leading to well‐defined poly(muconic acid), and by epoxidation of the C=C double bonds of the main chain. Last but not least, these internal alkene groups can be selectively cleaved by ozonolysis, demonstrating the upcyclability of polymuconates under oxidative conditions. This work demonstrates that polymuconates constitute a unique platform of bio‐based polymers, easily modifiable in addition to being chemically degradable under user friendly experimental conditions.
Orderly Coating of Bilayer Polymer to Tailor Microenvironment for Efficient C−N Coupling Toward Highly Selective Urea Electrosynthesis
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Wang Mengfan , Cheng Qiyang , He Yanzheng , Liu Sisi , Liu Jie , Yuan Xiaolei , Huan Yunfei , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrosynthesis of urea from co‐reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrate is a promising alternative to the industrial process. However, the overwhelming existence of proton and nitrate as well as the insufficient supply of CO2 at the reaction interface usually result in complex product distributions from individual nitrate reduction or hydrogen evolution, instead of C−N coupling. In this work, we systematically optimize this microenvironment through orderly coating of bilayer polymer to specifically tackle the above challenges. Polymer of intrinsic microporosity is chosen as the upper polymer to achieve physical sieving, realizing low water diffusivity for suppressing hydrogen evolution and high gas permeability for smooth mass transfer of CO2 at the same time. Polyaniline with abundant basic amino groups is capable of triggering chemical interaction with acidic CO2 molecules, so that is used as the underlying polymer to serve as CO2 concentrator and facilitate the carbon source supply for C−N coupling. Within this tailored microenvironment, a maximum urea generation yield rate of 1671.6 μg h−1 mg−1 and a high Faradaic efficiency of 75.3 % are delivered once coupled with efficient electrocatalyst with neighboring active sites, which is among the most efficient system of urea electrosynthesis.
Comprehensive Investigation of Organotin(IV) Complexes Derived From a Novel Schiff Base: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, ADME Profiling, and In Vitro Biological Evaluation
Authors: Abbas Kashif , Zahid Ayesha , Parveen Bushra , Amin Iqra , Hussain Shabbir , Ahmed Faiz , Munawar Khurram Shahzad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSix organotin(IV) complexes (1–6) were synthesized, following the general formulas as R2Sn(L)Cl and R3Sn(L), have been reported. In these complexes, L represents a Schiff base prepared by the reaction of phenylhydrazine with 5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, and R = Me, n‐Bu, Ph. Various analytical techniques were employed to characterize and determine the structure of the newly synthesized compounds. The techniques, including the elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurements, UV–visible, FT‐IR, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Spectroscopic analysis suggested that the ligand (4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐phenylhydrazinylidene)meth‐yl]phenol) (HL) coordinates with the tin (Sn) metal through its phenolic oxygen (O) and azomethine nitrogen (N) atoms. Molar conductivity measurements indicated that all the synthesized compounds are nonelectrolytes. The percent CHN analysis data also corroborates the spectroscopic results. UV–Vis spectra revealed the mode of transitions of electrons due to the π–π* transitions, n–π* transitions, and transitions involving charge transfer from the ligand to the metal, which occurred in recently developed ligand and organotin (IV) complexes. The emergence of additional bands in the FT‐IR spectra of complexes (1–6), attributed to ν(Sn–O) and ν(Sn–N), which were absent in the precursor, offers further proof for the synthesis of these complexes. NMR spectral studies give information about the nature and number of all protons having the same or different chemical environment in the structure of all the compounds being reported in this study. The potential to be used as bioactive compounds in the future was assessed by performing the biological activities (antimicrobial and antioxidant) of these synthesized compounds and the DPPH free radical method for the antioxidant potential of these compounds. Based on these assessments, it can be concluded that the ligand's efficiency improves upon complexation, primarily due to the type and quantity of alkyl groups attached to the [Sn] metal atom. ADME and studies were conducted to forecast the biological effectiveness of the ligand and its metal complexes. Among these, the ligand and complexes 1 and 4 are prioritized for docking with Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. The complexes 1 and 4 were found biologically more effective towards different microbes. The Antioxidant activity of the test complexes follows this trend: Methyltin(IV) complexes exhibit the lowest activity, whereas butyltin(IV) and phenyl(IV) complexes exhibit higher levels of activity, with phenyltin(IV) showing the most significant activity.
High Proton Conductivity of Sulfonate‐amine Ionic HOFs and Enhancement of SPEEK Composite Membranes
Authors: Yang Dan , Chen Xu‐Yong , Cao Li‐Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are crystalline materials assembled by intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions, and their hydrogen‐bonding structures are effective pathways for proton transport. Herein, we synthesize iHOF‐45 using 4,4’‐diaminodiphenylmethane and 1,3,6,8‐pyrenetetrasulfonicacid sodium salt with 2D hydrogen‐bonding networks. The stability of ionic HOFs (iHOFs) can be enhanced by introducing ionic bonds in addition to hydrogen‐bonding forces. Thermal analyses demonstrated that iHOF‐45 exhibited excellent thermal stability up to 332 °C. The proton conductivity of iHOF‐45 was evaluated, demonstrating a notable increase with rising temperature and RH. At 100 °C and 98 % RH, the conductivity reached 5.25×10−3 S cm−1. The activation energy (Ea) of iHOF‐45 was calculated to be 0.281 eV for 98 % RH, and the proton conduction was attributed to the Grotthuss mechanism, whereby the protons were transported in 2D hydrogen‐bonding networks. Moreover, iHOF‐45 was doped into SPEEK to prepare composite membranes, the proton conductivity of the 15 % iHOF‐45/SPEEK membrane reached 9.52×10−2 S cm−1 at 80 °C and 98 % RH, representing a 45.1 % increase over that of the SPEEK. This suggests that doping enhances the proton conductivity of SPEEK and providing a reference for the development of high proton conductivity materials.