bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rancidity development of refrigerated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets: comparative effects of in vivo and in vitro lycopene
Authors: Ehsani Ali , Jasour Mohammad Sedigh , Agh Naser , Hashemi Mohammad , Khodadadi Mahdi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe problem of lipid oxidation in fish during storage is well known and is related to both temperature and storage time. Antioxidants could have a main role in limiting the deteriorative effects of lipid oxidation in fish. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplement against postmortem addition of lycopene on the deterioration of trout fillets during storage at 4 ± 1 °C for 12 days.RESULTSAt the end of the feeding trial, no significant differences were observed with respect to the fatty acid composition of different dietary groups. However, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.96) was observed between fillet and diet lycopene levels. Lower indices of lipid oxidation (peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid) and lipid hydrolysis (free fatty acids) were observed in fillets that received lycopene (P < 0.05). Although exogenous lycopene was more effective (P < 0.05) than endogenous lycopene in delaying lipid oxidation, the fatty acid composition of fillets that received dietary lycopene supplement showed a higher stability (P < 0.05) during refrigeration storage.CONCLUSIONAccordingly, based on the time of appearance of off‐odors and discoloration in fish fillets, exogenous lycopene, especially at higher levels, was more effective in terms of quality parameters. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrochars from Biosolids and Urban Wastes as Substitute Materials for Peat
Authors: Álvarez María Luisa , Gascó Gabriel , Plaza César , Paz‐Ferreiro Jorge , Méndez Ana 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPeat is the most widely used substrate component and extensively used in greenhouse cultivation, landfill cover soils, urban parks and gardens, urban agriculture or green roofs, due to its excellent combination of physicochemical properties. The production of hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization (a process at lower temperatures than pyrolysis and using wet conditions) could industrially reproduce the initial conditions of biomass humification and lead to materials with similar properties to those of peat. The objective of this work was to compare peat (PT, Control), a hydrochar prepared from biosolids (HSL), a hydrochar prepared from the organic fraction of urban wastes (HUW) and two mixtures (PT + HSL and PT + HUW) at a 50% volume rate for their potential use as substrates with multiple applications. Ryegrass was established at a rate of 40 g seeds cm−2 in the potting mixtures. Hydrophysical and biochemical properties (microbial biomass and the enzymes dehydrogenase, β‐glucosidase and phosphomonoesterase) were analyzed for PT, HSL, HUV and their combination (PT + HSL and PT + HUW). Treatments with biosolids hydrochar increased ryegrass production by 184% (HSL) and by 216% (PT + HSL) dry weight compared to the control (peat). Biochemical properties depended strongly on hydrochar type, while the hydrophysical properties of the hydrochars were similar to those of peat. Overall, our results found hydrochar–peat mixtures (PT + HSL and PT + HUW) to be suitable for the preparation of growing media. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the detection sensitivity of pH‐weighted amide proton transfer MRI in acute stroke patients using extrapolated semisolid magnetization transfer reference signals
Authors: Heo Hye‐Young , Zhang Yi , Burton Tina M. , Jiang Shanshan , Zhao Yansong , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Leigh Richard , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo quantify amide protein transfer (APT) effects in acidic ischemic lesions and assess the spatial‐temporal relationship among diffusion, perfusion, and pH deficits in acute stroke patients.MethodsThirty acute stroke patients were scanned at 3 T. Quantitative APT (APT#) effects in acidic ischemic lesions were measured using an extrapolated semisolid magnetization transfer reference signal technique and compared with commonly used MTRasym(3.5ppm) or APT‐weighted parameters.ResultsThe APT# images showed clear pH deficits in the ischemic lesion, whereas the MTRasym(3.5ppm) signals were slightly hypointense. The APT# contrast between acidic ischemic lesions and normal tissue in acute stroke patients was more than three times larger than MTRasym(3.5ppm) contrast (−1.45 ± 0.40% for APT# versus −0.39 ± 0.52% for MTRasym(3.5ppm), P < 4.6 × 10−4). Hypoperfused and acidic areas without an apparent diffusion coefficient abnormality were observed and assigned to an ischemic acidosis penumbra. Hypoperfused areas at normal pH were also observed and assigned to benign oligemia. Hyperintense APT signals were observed in a hemorrhage area in one case.ConclusionsThe quantitative APT study using the extrapolated semisolid magnetization transfer reference signal approach enhances APT MRI sensitivity to pH compared with conventional APT‐weighted MRI, allowing more reliable delineation of an ischemic acidosis in the penumbra. Magn Reson Med 78:871–880, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Neurogenic bowel dysfunction: Clinical management recommendations of the Neurologic Incontinence Committee of the Fifth International Consultation on Incontinence 2013
Authors: Cotterill Nikki , Madersbacher Helmut , Wyndaele Jean J. , Apostolidis Apostolos , Drake Marcus J. , Gajewski Jerzy , Heesakkers John , Panicker Jalesh , Radziszewski Piotr , Sakakibara Ryuji , Sievert Karl‐Dietrich , Hamid Rizwan , Kessler Thomas M. , Emmanuel Anton 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundEvidence‐based guidelines for the management of neurological disease and lower bowel dysfunction have been produced by the International Consultations on Incontinence (ICI). These are comprehensive guidelines, and were developed to have world‐wide relevance.AimsTo update clinical management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction from the recommendations of the 4th ICI, 2009.Materials and MethodsA series of evidence reviews and updates were performed by members of the working group. The resulting guidelines were presented at the 2012 meeting of the European Association of Urology for consultation, and modifications applied to deliver evidence based conclusions and recommendations for the scientific report of the 5th edition of the ICI in 2013.ResultsThe current review is a synthesis of the conclusions and recommendations, including the algorithms for initial and specialized management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction. The pathophysiology is described in terms of spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Assessment requires detailed history and clinical assessment, general investigations, and specialized testing, if required. Treatment primarily focuses on optimizing stool consistency and regulating bowel evacuation to improve quality of life. Symptom management covers conservative and interventional measures to promote good habits and assist stool evacuation, along with prevention of incontinence. Education is essential to achieving optimal bowel management.DiscussionThe review offers a pragmatic approach to management in the context of complex pathophysiology and varied evidence base.
Adipose Tissue Meal‐Derived Fatty Acid Uptake Before and After Diet‐Induced Weight Loss in Adults with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Vink Roel G. , Roumans Nadia J. , van der Kolk Birgitta W. , Fazelzadeh Parastoo , Boekschoten Mark V. , Mariman Edwin C. , van Baak Marleen A. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThis study investigated whether diet‐induced weight loss alters indices ofin vivopostprandial fat uptake in adipose tissue (AT) and whether these changes are associated with weight regain in adults with overweight and obesity.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 16 (6 male) individuals (BMI: 28‐35 kg/m2) were randomized to either a low‐calorie diet (1,250 kcal/d) for 12 weeks or a very‐low‐calorie diet (500 kcal/d) for 5 weeks (weight loss [WL] period) followed by a 4‐week weight‐stable (WS) period (together, the dietary intervention [DI] period) and a 9‐month follow‐up period. Arteriovenous difference measurements combined with stable isotope labeling ([U‐13C] palmitate) of a mixed meal were used to determine postprandial fatty acid uptake in AT.ResultsBody weight was significantly reduced during the WL period (−8.2 ± 0.6 kg,P < 0.001), remained stable during the WS period (0.4 ± 0.3 kg,P = 0.150), and increased during follow‐up (3.5 ± 0.8 kg,P = 0.001). Meal‐derivedin vivofatty acid uptake dynamics across AT and expression of genes important for fatty acid uptake, storage, and release were not significantly changed during the DI period.ConclusionsSubcutaneous AT does not appear prone to enhanced meal‐derived fatty acid uptake after weight loss, nor were fatty acid uptake dynamics detected as related to weight regain.
Optimal reinsurance problems with extrapolative claim expectation
Authors: Chen Shou , Hu Duni , Wang Hailong 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe insurer is subject to extrapolative bias and updates his perceived claim rate along with claim realizations: he believes that claims will continue to increase (decrease) in the near future if they have been increasing (decreasing) recently. To model this belief, we define an extrapolative expectation, which is a weighted average of past claims and the initial estimation of expectation of claims, to forecast the expectation of future claims. Moreover, this extrapolative expectation changes the premiums as claims change. The optimal reinsurance strategies for maximizing the expected exponential utility and mean‐variance utility of terminal wealth are derived in closed form. We find that extrapolative bias decreases the reinsurance demand. Moreover, the mean‐variance optimizer's risk retention level is greater than that of the exponential utility optimizer, although they are the same in the standard case without extrapolative bias.
Solid‐Liquid Adhesion Energies of Composite Propellant Components Determined by Solution Calorimetry
Authors: Nardai Michael M. , Bohn Manfred A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe energetic or adhesive interaction between binder matrix and solid fillers as well as plasticizers and fillers is a property determining mechanical properties as strain capacity and stress at maximum or stress at break. To know such interaction energies is therefore of interest. An isoperibolic solution calorimeter is used to measure such interaction energies or heats of immersion of the solid propellant components ammonium perchlorate (AP) and aluminium (AL) with the liquid plasticizers bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) and azido‐terminated oligomeric glycidylazide (GAP−A). The determined heats indicate wettability and interaction energy in units of energy per surface area of the solid component. For AP, three different grain sizes with mean diameter about 200, 90, 42 μm were used. Results indicate dependence of AP wetting on mean particle diameter: Successful wetting occurs for AP at diameters from above 90 μm. The polar interactions between the ionic AP and GAP−A greatly enhance wetting as compared to DEHA.
Equal‐tailed confidence intervals for comparison of rates
Authors: Laud Peter J. 
Published: June 2017

Several methods are available for generating confidence intervals for rate difference, rate ratio, or odds ratio, when comparing two independent binomial proportions or Poisson (exposure‐adjusted) incidence rates. Most methods have some degree of systematic bias in one‐sided coverage, so that a nominal 95% two‐sided interval cannot be assumed to have tail probabilities of 2.5% at each end, and any associated hypothesis test is at risk of inflated type I error rate. Skewness‐corrected asymptotic score methods have been shown to have superior equal‐tailed coverage properties for the binomial case. This paper completes this class of methods by introducing novel skewness corrections for the Poisson case and for odds ratio, with and without stratification. Graphical methods are used to compare the performance of these intervals against selected alternatives. The skewness‐corrected methods perform favourably in all situations—including those with small sample sizes or rare events—and the skewness correction should be considered essential for analysis of rate ratios. The stratified method is found to have excellent coverage properties for a fixed effects analysis. In addition, another new stratified score method is proposed, based on thet‐distribution, which is suitable for use in either a fixed effects or random effects analysis. By using a novel weighting scheme, this approach improves on conventional and modern meta‐analysis methods with weights that rely on crude estimation of stratum variances. In summary, this paper describes methods that are found to be robust for a wide range of applications in the analysis of rates.
Concise Review: Challenges in Regenerating the Diabetic Heart: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Satthenapalli Venkata R. , Lamberts Regis R. , Katare Rajesh G. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Stem cell therapy is one of the promising regenerative strategies developed to improve cardiac function in patients with ischemic heart diseases (IHD). However, this approach is limited in IHD patients with diabetes due to a progressive decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells. This decline is mainly attributed to the metabolic memory incurred by diabetes on stem cell niche and their systemic cues. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the diabetes-induced deterioration of stem cell function will be critical for developing new cardiac regeneration therapies. In this review, we first discuss the most common molecular alterations occurring in the diabetic stem cells/progenitor cells. Next, we highlight the key signaling pathways that can be dysregulated in a diabetic environment and impair the mobilization of stem/progenitor cells, which is essential for the transplanted/endogenous stem cells to reach the site of injury. We further discuss the possible methods of preconditioning the diabetic cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) with an aim to enrich the availability of efficient stem cells to regenerate the diseased diabetic heart. Finally, we propose new modalities for enriching the diabetic CPC through genetic or tissue engineering that would aid in developing autologous therapeutic strategies, improving the proliferative, angiogenic, and cardiogenic properties of diabetic stem/progenitor cells.
Ceramic Bearings with Titanium Adapter Sleeves Implanted During Revision Hip Arthroplasty Show Minimal Fretting or Corrosion: A Retrieval Analysis
Authors: Koch Chelsea N. , Figgie Mark , Figgie Mark P. , Elpers Marcella E. , Wright Timothy M. , Padgett Douglas E. 
Published: June 2017

Background The BIOLOX® option system, consisting of a BIOLOX® delta ceramic femoral head with a titanium alloy adapter sleeve, is being increasingly utilized in revision hip arthroplasty. The sleeve protects the ceramic head from fracture and improper motion about the stem trunnion when a damaged trunnion is encountered at revision surgery. Corrosion and fretting due to metal-metal contact at the taper region of hip prosthesis create the potential of causing periprosthetic osteolysis and adverse local tissue reactions. Questions/Purposes The objective of this study was to identify the type and extent of damage to retrieved sleeves and ceramic heads to determine their in vivo performance. Methods Twenty-four ceramic heads with titanium alloy sleeves were examined. The articular and taper surfaces for each ceramic head were assessed for metal transfer using a subjective grading system. All surfaces of the 24 titanium sleeves and stem trunnions (only available for 7 of 24 cases) were assessed for corrosion and fretting using an established grading system. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were conducted on representative sample of sleeves. Results Fretting and corrosion were higher at the inner surface of the taper sleeve than the outer sleeve. Mean fretting scores at the inner taper and outer taper sleeve surfaces were 1.8 and 1.2, respectively. The mean corrosion score at the inner taper surface was 1.8; no corrosion was observed on the outer surface of any taper sleeve. SEM and EDS analyses provided further indications of low levels of damage. Conclusion Fretting and corrosion were less severe than previously reported for conventional THA metal-metal taper connections, indicating that a ceramic head and titanium sleeve is a safe alternative in revision THA.
A Highly Stable Soybean Oil‐Rich Miscella Obtained by Ethanolic Extraction as a Promising Biodiesel Feedstock
Authors: Bueno‐Borges Larissa Braga , de Camargo Adriano Costa , Sangaletti‐Gerhard Naiane , dos Santos Grasiela Cristina Pereira , de Alencar Severino Matias , Shahidi Fereidoon , Regitano‐d’Arce Marisa Aparecida Bismara 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSoybean oil is industrially obtained upon hexane extraction. In biodiesel production, soybean oil is submitted to phospholipid removal in order to improve its quality before transesterification. An extraction process was employed to produce ethanolic oil‐rich miscella, which can be directly transesterified to produce biodiesel without prior refining. We assessed the oxidative stability of the miscella and three other soybean oils, namely degummed, alkali‐refined, and refined–bleached–deodorized (RBD) oil. In vitro antioxidant assays as well as the identification and quantification of tocopherols and isoflavones were also performed. Although hexane‐extracted oils showed higher tocopherol contents than miscella, this latter sample and its direct biodiesel demonstrated superior stability in accelerated tests. Miscella also outperformed hexane‐extracted oils in all in vitro assays. This behavior can be explained by the presence of phenolic compounds with higher affinity to ethanol than hexane, which was confirmed by the identification of isoflavones glycitein, genistein, and acetyldaidzin, found only in miscella. This study showed that the ethanolic extraction of soybean oil generated a highly stable lipid feedstock for biodiesel manufacture.
The Great Need of a Biomechanical-Based Approach for Surgical Methods of Giant Cell Tumor: A Critical Review
Authors: Ghouchani Azadeh , Rouhi Gholamreza 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
There are many unanswered questions about giant cell tumor (GCT) treatment and not enough attention is paid to the biomechanics of the current treatment methods. Treatment methods have not changed much, and the best method remains controversial to some degree, due to the lack of adequate clinical and biomechanical investigations. Biomechanical tests, including in vitro mechanical experiments combined with finite element analysis, are very helpful in assessing the efficiency of the surgical methods employed and in determining the optimal method of surgery. Tests can be tailored to meet a patient’s needs, while limiting postoperative complications. One of the complications, following tumor surgery, is the frequency of postoperative fractures. In order to prevent postoperative fractures, defect reconstruction is recommended. The reconstruction usually consists of defect infilling with bone cement, and in the case of large defects cement augmentation is employed. Whether cement augmentation is essential and offers enough mechanical strength and what is the best fixation device for cement augmentation are areas of debate. In this article, the biomechanical studies comparing different methods of tumor surgery and cement augmentation, highlighting the areas needing more attention to advance GCT treatment, are critically reviewed. Based on our review, we recommend a biomechanical criterion for the essence of defect reconstruction, which must include patient specific factors, in addition to the tumor geometrical properties.
Law and Economics in Japan: 25 Years after the Hatching Stage
Authors: MORI Daisuke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this article, I evaluate the status of law and economics in Japan from 1990 to 2016. Through the literature review, we can see distinctive features that did not exist in 1990: the establishment of the Japan Law and Economics Association, change in methodologies, increase in empirical research, expansion of research fields, and influencing policies and statutes in the real world. I then conduct case studies about how law and economics research in Japan offers policy recommendations. I present two examples: repeal of protection of short-term leases and establishment of fixed-term building leases. Finally, I explore the outlook of the next stage of law and economics in Japan. More emphasis on empirical research and more English publications on law and economics in Japan are important to move to the next stage.
Relative equilibrium states and class degree
Authors: ALLAHBAKHSHI MAHSA , ANTONIOLI JOHN , YOO JISANG 
Published: June 2017

Given a factor code $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$ from a shift of finite type $X$ onto a sofic shift $Y$, an ergodic measure $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ on $Y$, and a function $V$ on $X$ with sufficient regularity, we prove an invariant upper bound on the number of ergodic measures on $X$ which project to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ and maximize the measure pressure $h(\unicode[STIX]{x1D707})+\int V\,d\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ among all measures in the fiber $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D708})$. If $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ is fully supported, this bound is the class degree of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$. This generalizes a previous result for the special case of $V=0$ and thus settles a conjecture raised by Allahbakhshi and Quas.
Path to survival for the critical branching processes in a random environment
Authors: Vatutin Vladimir , Dyakonova Elena 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A critical branching process {Zk, k = 0, 1, 2, ...} in a random environment is considered. A conditional functional limit theorem for the properly scaled process {log Zpu, 0 ≤ u < ∞} is established under the assumptions that Zn > 0 and p ≪ n. It is shown that the limiting process is a Lévy process conditioned to stay nonnegative. The proof of this result is based on a limit theorem describing the distribution of the initial part of the trajectories of a driftless random walk conditioned to stay nonnegative.
On some mixing times for nonreversible finite Markov chains
Authors: Huang Lu-Jing , Mao Yong-Hua 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
By adding a vorticity matrix to the reversible transition probability matrix, we show that the commute time and average hitting time are smaller than that of the original reversible one. In particular, we give an affirmative answer to a conjecture of Aldous and Fill (2002). Further quantitive properties are also studied for the nonreversible finite Markov chains.