bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoresponse of supramolecular self-assembled networks on graphene–diamond interfaces
Authors: Wieghold Sarah , Li Juan , Simon Patrick , Krause Maximilian , Avlasevich Yuri , Li Chen , Garrido Jose A. , Heiz Ueli , Samorì Paolo , Müllen Klaus , Esch Friedrich , Barth Johannes V. , Palma Carlos-Andres 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNature employs self-assembly to fabricate the most complex molecularly precise machinery known to man. Heteromolecular, two-dimensional self-assembled networks provide a route to spatially organize different building blocks relative to each other, enabling synthetic molecularly precise fabrication. Here we demonstrate optoelectronic function in a near-to-monolayer molecular architecture approaching atomically defined spatial disposition of all components. The active layer consists of a self-assembled terrylene-based dye, forming a bicomponent supramolecular network with melamine. The assembly at the graphene-diamond interface shows an absorption maximum at 740 nm whereby the photoresponse can be measured with a gallium counter electrode. We find photocurrents of 0.5 nA and open-circuit voltages of 270 mV employing 19 mW cm−2 irradiation intensities at 710 nm. With an ex situ calculated contact area of 9.9 × 102 μm2, an incident photon to current efficiency of 0.6% at 710 nm is estimated, opening up intriguing possibilities in bottom-up optoelectronic device fabrication with molecular resolution.
Control of antiferromagnetic domain distribution via polarization-dependent optical annealing
Authors: Higuchi Takuya , Kuwata-Gonokami Makoto 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe absence of net magnetization inside antiferromagnetic domains has made the control of their spatial distribution quite challenging. Here we experimentally demonstrate an optical method for controlling antiferromagnetic domain distributions in MnF2. Reduced crystalline symmetry can couple an order parameter with non-conjugate external stimuli. In the case of MnF2, time-reversal symmetry is macroscopically broken reflecting the different orientations of the two magnetic sublattices. Thus, it exhibits different absorption coefficients between two orthogonal linear polarizations below its antiferromagnetic transition temperature under an external magnetic field. Illumination with linearly polarized laser light under this condition selectively destructs the formation of a particular antiferromagnetic order via heating. As a result, the other antiferromagnetic order is favoured inside the laser spot, achieving spatially localized selection of an antiferromagnetic order. Applications to control of interface states at antiferromagnetic domain boundaries, exchange bias and control of spin currents are expected.
Magnon spectrum of the helimagnetic insulator Cu2OSeO3
Authors: Portnichenko P. Y. , Romhányi J. , Onykiienko Y. A. , Henschel A. , Schmidt M. , Cameron A. S. , Surmach M. A. , Lim J. A. , Park J. T. , Schneidewind A. , Abernathy D. L. , Rosner H. , van den Brink Jeroen , Inosov D. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractComplex low-temperature-ordered states in chiral magnets are typically governed by a competition between multiple magnetic interactions. The chiral-lattice multiferroic Cu2OSeO3 became the first insulating helimagnetic material in which a long-range order of topologically stable spin vortices known as skyrmions was established. Here we employ state-of-the-art inelastic neutron scattering to comprehend the full three-dimensional spin-excitation spectrum of Cu2OSeO3 over a broad range of energies. Distinct types of high- and low-energy dispersive magnon modes separated by an extensive energy gap are observed in excellent agreement with the previously suggested microscopic theory based on a model of entangled Cu4 tetrahedra. The comparison of our neutron spectroscopy data with model spin-dynamical calculations based on these theoretical proposals enables an accurate quantitative verification of the fundamental magnetic interactions in Cu2OSeO3 that are essential for understanding its abundant low-temperature magnetically ordered phases.
Possible observation of highly itinerant quantum magnetic monopoles in the frustrated pyrochlore Yb2Ti2O7
Authors: Tokiwa Y. , Yamashita T. , Udagawa M. , Kittaka S. , Sakakibara T , Terazawa D. , Shimoyama Y. , Terashima T. , Yasui Y. , Shibauchi T. , Matsuda Y. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe low-energy elementary excitations in frustrated quantum magnets have fascinated researchers for decades. In frustrated Ising magnets on a pyrochlore lattice possessing macroscopically degenerate spin-ice ground states, the excitations have been discussed in terms of classical magnetic monopoles, which do not contain quantum fluctuations. Here we report unusual behaviours of magneto-thermal conductivity in the disordered spin-liquid regime of pyrochlore Yb2Ti2O7, which hosts frustrated spin-ice correlations with large quantum fluctuations owing to pseudospin-1/2 of Yb ions. The analysis of the temperature and magnetic field dependencies shows the presence of gapped elementary excitations. We find that the gap energy is largely suppressed from that expected in classical monopoles. Moreover, these excitations propagate a long distance without being scattered, in contrast to the diffusive nature of classical monopoles. These results suggests the emergence of highly itinerant quantum magnetic monopole, which is a heavy quasiparticle that propagates coherently in three-dimensional spin liquids.
The Bub1–Plk1 kinase complex promotes spindle checkpoint signalling through Cdc20 phosphorylation
Authors: Jia Luying , Li Bing , Yu Hongtao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe spindle checkpoint senses unattached kinetochores and inhibits the Cdc20-bound anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C), to delay anaphase, thereby preventing aneuploidy. A critical checkpoint inhibitor of APC/CCdc20 is the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). It is unclear whether MCC suffices to inhibit all cellular APC/C. Here we show that human checkpoint kinase Bub1 not only directly phosphorylates Cdc20, but also scaffolds Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc20. Phosphorylation of Cdc20 by Bub1–Plk1 inhibits APC/CCdc20in vitro and is required for checkpoint signalling in human cells. Bub1–Plk1-dependent Cdc20 phosphorylation is regulated by upstream checkpoint signals and is dispensable for MCC assembly. A phospho-mimicking Cdc20 mutant restores nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest in cells depleted of Mad2 or BubR1. Thus, Bub1–Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc20 constitutes an APC/C-inhibitory mechanism that is parallel, but not redundant, to MCC formation. Both mechanisms are required to sustain mitotic arrest in response to spindle defects.
Novel loci and pathways significantly associated with longevity
Authors: Zeng Yi , Nie Chao , Min Junxia , Liu Xiaomin , Li Mengmeng , Chen Huashuai , Xu Hanshi , Wang Mingbang , Ni Ting , Li Yang , Yan Han , Zhang Jin-Pei , Song Chun , Chi Li-Qing , Wang Han-Ming , Dong Jie , Zheng Gu-Yan , Lin Li , Qian Feng , Qi Yanwei , Liu Xiao , Cao Hongzhi , Wang Yinghao , Zhang Lijuan , Li Zhaochun , Zhou Yufeng , Wang Yan , Lu Jiehua , Li Jianxin , Qi Ming , Bolund Lars , Yashin Anatoliy , Land Kenneth C. , Gregory Simon , Yang Ze , Gottschalk William , Tao Wei , Wang Jian , Wang Jun , Xu Xun , Bae Harold , Nygaard Marianne , Christiansen Lene , Christensen Kaare , Franceschi Claudio , Lutz Michael W. , Gu Jun , Tan Qihua , Perls Thomas , Sebastiani Paola , Deelen Joris , Slagboom Eline , Hauser Elizabeth , Xu Huji , Tian Xiao-Li , Yang Huanming , Vaupel James W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOnly two genome-wide significant loci associated with longevity have been identified so far, probably because of insufficient sample sizes of centenarians, whose genomes may harbor genetic variants associated with health and longevity. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Han Chinese with a sample size 2.7 times the largest previously published GWAS on centenarians. We identified 11 independent loci associated with longevity replicated in Southern-Northern regions of China, including two novel loci (rs2069837-IL6; rs2440012-ANKRD20A9P) with genome-wide significance and the rest with suggestive significance (P < 3.65 × 10−5). Eight independent SNPs overlapped across Han Chinese, European and U.S. populations, and APOE and 5q33.3 were replicated as longevity loci. Integrated analysis indicates four pathways (starch, sucrose and xenobiotic metabolism; immune response and inflammation; MAPK; calcium signaling) highly associated with longevity (P ≤ 0.006) in Han Chinese. The association with longevity of three of these four pathways (MAPK; immunity; calcium signaling) is supported by findings in other human cohorts. Our novel finding on the association of starch, sucrose and xenobiotic metabolism pathway with longevity is consistent with the previous results from Drosophilia. This study suggests protective mechanisms including immunity and nutrient metabolism and their interactions with environmental stress play key roles in human longevity.
Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. FY-07
Authors: Ji Kaihua , Wang Wei , Zeng Bing , Chen Sibin , Zhao Qianqian , Chen Yueqing , Li Guoqiang , Ma Ting 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEnterobacter sp. FY-07 can produce bacterial cellulose (BC) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. FY-07 have been predicted using genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis, in which bcsIII was confirmed as the main contributor to BC synthesis by gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods. Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 638; however, its arrangement and composition were same as those of BC synthesizing operon of G. xylinum ATCC53582 except for the flanking sequences. According to the BC biosynthesizing process, oxygen is not directly involved in the reactions of BC synthesis, however, energy is required to activate intermediate metabolites and synthesize the activator, c-di-GMP. Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. These results suggested that Enterobacter sp. FY-07 could produce energy efficiently under anaerobic conditions to meet the requirement of BC biosynthesis.
Engineering hybrid exosomes by membrane fusion with liposomes
Authors: Sato Yuko T. , Umezaki Kaori , Sawada Shinichi , Mukai Sada-atsu , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Harada Naozumi , Shiku Hiroshi , Akiyoshi Kazunari 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExosomes are a valuable biomaterial for the development of novel nanocarriers as functionally advanced drug delivery systems. To control and modify the performance of exosomal nanocarriers, we developed hybrid exosomes by fusing their membranes with liposomes using the freeze–thaw method. Exosomes embedded with a specific membrane protein isolated from genetically modified cells were fused with various liposomes, confirming that membrane engineering methods can be combined with genetic modification techniques. Cellular uptake studies performed using the hybrid exosomes revealed that the interactions between the developed exosomes and cells could be modified by changing the lipid composition or the properties of the exogenous lipids. These results suggest that the membrane-engineering approach reported here offers a new strategy for developing rationally designed exosomes as hybrid nanocarriers for use in advanced drug delivery systems.
Macrophage-derived Lipocalin-2 contributes to ischemic resistance mechanisms by protecting from renal injury
Authors: Jung Michaela , Brüne Bernhard , Hotter Georgina , Sola Anna 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRenal ischemia-reperfusion injury triggers an inflammatory response associated to infiltrating macrophages which determines the further outcome of disease. Brown Norway rats are known to show endogenous resistance to ischemia-induced renal damage. By contrast, Sprague Dawley rats exhibit a higher susceptibility to ischemic injury. In order to ascertain cytoprotective mechanisms, we focused on the implication of lipocalin-2 protein in main resistance mechanisms in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by using adoptive macrophage administration, genetically modified ex vivo either to overexpress or to knockdown lipocalin-2. In vitro experiments with bone marrow-derived macrophages both from Brown Norway rats and from Sprague Dawley rats under hypoxic conditions showed endogenous differences regarding cytokine and lipocalin-2 expression profile in the two strains. Most interestingly, we observed that macrophages of the resistant strain express significantly more lipocalin-2. In vivo studies showed that tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and renal injury significantly increased and reparative markers decreased in Brown Norway rats after injection of lipocalin-2-knockdown macrophages, while the administration of lipocalin-2-overexpressing cells significantly decreased Sprague Dawley susceptibility. These data point to a crucial role of macrophage-derived lipocalin-2 in endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms. We conclude that expression of lipocalin-2 in tissue-infiltrating macrophages is pivotal for kidney-intrinsic cytoprotective pathways during ischemia reperfusion injury.
Loss of CEACAM1, a Tumor-Associated Factor, Attenuates Post-infarction Cardiac Remodeling by Inhibiting Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Yanmei , Yan Yi , Li Xinzhong , Chen Guojun , He Nvqin , Shen Shuxin , Chen Gangbin , Zhang Chuanxi , Liao Wangjun , Liao Yulin , Bin Jianping 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCarcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule1 (CEACAM1) is a tumor-associated factor that is known to be involved in apoptosis, but the role of CEACAM1 in cardiovascular disease is unclear. We aims to investigate whether CEACAM1 influences cardiac remodeling in mice with myocardial infarction (MI) and hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Both serum in patients and myocardial CEACAM1 levels in mice were significantly increased in response to MI, while levels were elevated in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) exposed to hypoxia. Eight weeks after MI, a lower mortality rate, improved cardiac function and less cardiac remodeling in CEACAM1 knock-out (KO) mice than in their wild-type (WT) littermates were observed. Moreover, myocardial expression of mitochondrial Bax, cytosolic cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3 was significantly lower in CEACAM1 KO mice than in WT mice. In cultured NRCs exposed to hypoxia, recombinant human CEACAM1 (rhCEACAM1) reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated mitochondrial Bax, increased cytosolic cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3 and consequently increased apoptosis. RhCEACAM1 also increased the levels of GRP78 and CHOP in NRCs with hypoxia. All of these effects were abolished by silencing CEACAM1. Our study indicates that CEACAM1 exacerbates hypoxic cardiomyocyte injury and post-infarction cardiac remodeling by enhancing cardiomyocyte mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis.
Spatial and temporal evolution of Lassa virus in the natural host population in Upper Guinea
Authors: Fichet-Calvet Elisabeth , Ölschläger Stephan , Strecker Thomas , Koivogui Lamine , Becker-Ziaja Beate , Camara Amara Bongo , Soropogui Barré , Magassouba N’Faly , Günther Stephan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study aimed at reconstructing the spatial and temporal evolution of Lassa virus (LASV) in the natural host population. To this end, we generated 132 partial nucleoprotein sequences of LASV from M. natalensis trapped in 12 villages around Faranah, Upper Guinea, over a period of 12 years. This study reveals two main features of LASV evolution in M. natalensis. First, the virus evolves in the reservoir with a molecular clock rate of 9 (7–11) × 10–4 position–1 year–1 implying that contemporary LASV lineages circulate in the Faranah area since less than 100 years. Second, viruses circulating in a specific village are diverse and polyphyletic. We observed, however, there are monophyletic clusters at village and sub-village level at specific points in time. In conclusion, our data indicate that the temporal and spatial pattern of LASV evolution in the natural reservoir is characterized by a combination of stationary circulation within a village and virus movement between villages. The latter feature is relevant for rodent control strategies, as it implies that recurrence of the virus from neighbouring villages may occur in villages where the virus has previously been eradicated.
Increased Aβ pathology in aged Tg2576 mice born to mothers fed a high fat diet
Authors: Nizari Shereen , Carare Roxana O. , Hawkes Cheryl A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMaternal obesity is associated with increased risk of developing diabetes, obesity and premature death in adult offspring. Mid-life diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia are risk factors for the development of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A key pathogenic feature of AD is the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high fat diet feeding during early life on Aβ pathology in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. Female mice were fed a standard (C) or high fat (HF) diet before mating and during gestation and lactation. At weaning, male offspring were fed a C diet. Significantly higher levels of guanidine-soluble Aβ and plaque loads were observed in the hippocampi of 11-month old Tg2576 mice born to mothers fed a HF diet. Changes in the extracellular matrix led to increased retention of Aβ within the parenchyma. These data support a role for maternal and gestational health on the health of the aged brain and pathologies associated with AD and may provide a novel target for both the prevention and treatment of AD.
Simultaneous retrieval of temperature-dependent absorption coefficient and conductivity of participating media
Authors: Ren Yatao , Qi Hong , Zhao Fangzhou , Ruan Liming , Tan Heping 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA secondary optimization technique was proposed to estimate the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and absorption coefficient. In the proposed method, the stochastic particle swarm optimization was applied to solve the inverse problem. The coupled radiation and conduction problem was solved in a 1D absorbing, emitting, but non-scattering slab exposed to a pulse laser. It is found that in the coupled radiation and conduction problem, the temperature response is highly sensitive to conductivity but slightly sensitive to the optical properties. On the contrary, the radiative intensity is highly sensitive to optical properties but slightly sensitive to thermal conductivity. Therefore, the optical and thermal signals should both be considered in the inverse problem to estimate the temperature-dependent properties of the transparent media. On this basis, the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and absorption coefficient were both estimated accurately by measuring the time-dependent temperature, and radiative response at the boundary of the slab.
III–V compound semiconductors for mass-produced nano-electronics: theoretical studies on mobility degradation by dislocation
Authors: Hur Ji-Hyun , Jeon Sanghun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAs silicon-based electronics approach the limit of scaling for increasing the performance and chip density, III–V compound semiconductors have started to attract significant attention owing to their high carrier mobility. However, the mobility benefits of III–V compounds are too easily accepted, ignoring a harmful effect of unavoidable threading dislocations that could fundamentally limit the applicability of these materials in nanometer-scale electronics. In this paper, we present a theoretical model that describes the degradation of carrier mobility by charged dislocations in quantum-confined III–V semiconductor metal oxide field effect transistors (MOSFETs). Based on the results, we conclude that in order for III–V compound MOSFETs to outperform silicon MOSFETs, Fermi level pinning in the channel should be eliminated for yielding carriers with high injection velocity.
Complete nondestructive analysis of two-photon six-qubit hyperentangled Bell states assisted by cross-Kerr nonlinearity
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Guan-Yu , Ai Qing , Zhang Mei , Deng Fu-Guo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHyperentanglement, the entanglement in several degrees of freedom (DOFs) of a quantum system, has attracted much attention as it can be used to increase both the channel capacity of quantum communication and its security largely. Here, we present the first scheme to completely distinguish the hyperentangled Bell states of two-photon systems in three DOFs with the help of cross-Kerr nonlinearity without destruction, including two longitudinal momentum DOFs and the polarization DOF. We use cross-Kerr nonlinearity to construct quantum nondemolition detectors which can be used to make a parity-check measurement and analyze Bell states of two-photon systems in different DOFs. Our complete scheme for two-photon six-qubit hyperentangled Bell-state analysis may be useful for the practical applications in quantum information, especially in long-distance high-capacity quantum communication.
Wide-field optical coherence tomography based microangiography for retinal imaging
Authors: Zhang Qinqin , Lee Cecilia S. , Chao Jennifer , Chen Chieh-Li , Zhang Thomas , Sharma Utkarsh , Zhang Anqi , Liu Jin , Rezaei Kasra , Pepple Kathryn L. , Munsen Richard , Kinyoun James , Johnstone Murray , Van Gelder Russell N. , Wang Ruikang K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows for the evaluation of functional retinal vascular networks without a need for contrast dyes. For sophisticated monitoring and diagnosis of retinal diseases, OCTA capable of providing wide-field and high definition images of retinal vasculature in a single image is desirable. We report OCTA with motion tracking through an auxiliary real-time line scan ophthalmoscope that is clinically feasible to image functional retinal vasculature in patients, with a coverage of more than 60 degrees of retina while still maintaining high definition and resolution. We demonstrate six illustrative cases with unprecedented details of vascular involvement in retinal diseases. In each case, OCTA yields images of the normal and diseased microvasculature at all levels of the retina, with higher resolution than observed with fluorescein angiography. Wide-field OCTA technology will be an important next step in augmenting the utility of OCT technology in clinical practice.
Size-selective separation of DNA fragments by using lysine-functionalized silica particles
Authors: Liu Lingling , Guo Zilong , Huang Zhenzhen , Zhuang Jiaqi , Yang Wensheng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this work, a facile and efficient approach has been demonstrated for size-selective separation of DNA fragments by using lysine-functionalized silica particles. At a given pH, the environmental ionic strength can be utilized to alter the electrostatic interactions of lysine-functionalized silica particles with DNA fragments and in turn the DNA fragments on the silica particle surfaces, which exhibits a clear dependence on the DNA fragment sizes. By carefully adjusting the environmental pH and salt concentration, therefore, the use of the lysine-functionalized silica particles allows effective separation of binary and ternary DNA mixtures, for example, two different DNA fragments with sizes of 101 and 1073 bp, 101 and 745 bp, 101 and 408 bp, respectively and three different DNA fragments with sizes of 101, 408 and 1073 bp.