bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition analysis and consumer research as essential elements of the new food product development process
Authors: Halagarda Michał 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Due to fast changes in consumer demands and expectations, developing and introducing new products have become a necessity for the food companies in order to survive on the competitive market. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of decomposition analysis in combination with consumer research in the new food product development process.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey concerning nutritional habits of consumers based on 339 respondents and an analysis of the sensory and nutritional properties of products available on the market have been performed.

Findings
It has been indicated that owing to the proposed research methods, a niche in the market can be found. It was found that products currently available on the market do not fully fulfil the essential nutritional and/or sensory criteria.

Practical implications
The set of methods used in the study provides a valuable input into the new food product development process. The results of the research show that a company that will deliver a low-caloric bakery savoury snack of high nutritional quality and successfully present its properties to customers may gain a competitive advantage.

Originality/value
The topic is relatively new. Other studies focus on complex methods, whereas this research investigates the usefulness of a set of simple but effective tools that can be used in the new food product development process.
Evaluating the usability of COMSATS Institute of Information Technology library website: a case study
Authors: Sheikh Arslan 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Library websites serve as gateways to the information resources and services of their libraries. In today’s digital age, the development of websites is inevitable for libraries as a means to provide users with online services at their desktops. This case study reports the findings of a usability study of an academic library website from the user’s perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey on the efficacy of the website and statistical reports from Google Analytics were used as tools to assess and track the use of the Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS) Institute of Information Technology’s (CIIT’s) library website resources by national and international users. A sample of 550 users was invited by e-mail to respond to the questionnaire covering various usability features of the website.

Findings
Findings reveal that users are largely satisfied with the usefulness, convenience, design and quality of CIIT library website. Moreover, the users are mostly making use of the website for accessing research papers through the Higher Education Commission (HEC) digital library, exploring free online open access journals, searching for e-books and examining the library collection via online public access catalog (OPAC). This shows that the library website has a significant role in the pedagogical activities of the CIIT community.

Research limitations/implications
The results are limited to a case study of CIIT, Islamabad campus library website.

Practical implications
The findings of this study will help the library administration to overcome existing deficiencies in the CIIT library website.

Originality/value
The study is a foremost usability evaluation of CIIT, Islamabad campus library website from the user perspective.
Scholarly communication in the age of Google
Authors: Arshad Alia , Ameen Kanwal 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the use patterns of scholarly e-journals by academics for teaching, research and keeping themselves up-to-date. The study also looks at differences in the use patterns across 12 disciplines.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted to explore academics’ use patterns of scholarly e-journals in 12 disciplines. The University of the Punjab was used for the sample population. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all regular and contractual academics of Lahore campuses of the University. After follow up, 457 questionnaires were received with a response rate of 54 per cent. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistics were used to analyse data.

Findings
The results showed that the academics made more frequent use of e-journals, online reference sources and discussion with colleagues for scholarly activities. E-journals were used predominantly for research-related activities rather than for teaching and instruction. Academics obtained e-journal articles primarily from open access sources, i.e. general search engines and Google Scholar as compared to subscribed and other sources of e-journal articles. Disciplinary differences were also found in academics’ use patterns of e-journals. However, academics showed just satisfactory skills regarding use of advanced searching techniques and evaluation of the quality of e-journals.

Practical implications
Findings will be helpful for information professionals to review their policies and practices in relation to e-journal services for academic community. The needs for e-literacy skills to use e-journals will also be identified and findings will be significant for information professionals in arranging information literacy instruction programmes for targeted disciplines.

Originality/value
Most of e-journals use studies focused on specific disciplines – Sciences, Life Sciences, Engineering and Technology and Social Sciences. This research study is valuable that investigated use patterns of e-journals across 12 different disciplines at the University of the Punjab.
Technical requirements for copyright protection of electronic theses and dissertations in INSTD
Authors: Papi Zeinab , Rezaei Sharifabadi Saeid , Mohammadesmaeil Sedigheh , Hariri Nadjla 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
This study aims to determine the technical requirements for copyright protection of theses and dissertations for proposing a model for applying in Iran’s National System for Theses and Dissertations (INSTD).

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a mixed research methodology. The grounded theory was used in the qualitative phase, and a researcher-made checklist was applied in the quantitative phase for surveying the status of the INSTD. Research population included INSTD as well as six information specialists and copyright experts. Data were analysed by using open, axial and selective coding.

Findings
Based on data extracted from the completed checklists, some technical requirements had been provided in the system. The technical requirements that interviewees pointed out included the following two main classes: technical components and technical-software infrastructures, explored in the phase of the grounded theory. The individual categories included access control, copy control, technical-software challenges, protecting standards, hypertext transfer protocol secure, certificate authority, documentation of thesis and dissertation information, the use of digital object identifiers, copy detection systems, thesis and dissertation integrated systems, digital rights management systems and electronic copyright management systems.

Research limitations/implications
Considering the subject of this study, only the technical aspect was investigated, and other aspects were not included. In addition, electronic theses and dissertation (ETD) providers were not well aware of copyright issues.

Practical implications
Using the technical requirements with high security is effective in the INSTD to gain the trust of the authors and encourage them to deposit their ETDs.

Social implications
The increased use of the system encourages the authors to be more innovative in conducting their research.

Originality/value
Considering the continued violation of copyright in electronic databases, applying technical requirements for copyright protection and regulating users’ access to the information of theses and dissertations are needed in the INSTD.
The effect of parent university on firm growth: an analysis of the Spanish and Italian USOs
Authors: Corsi Christian , Prencipe Antonio , Rodríguez-Gulías María Jesús , Fernández-López Sara , Rodeiro-Pazos David 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that the university context may partially determine the growth of university spin-offs (USOs), with a cross-national analysis and using an “interactionist” approach.Design/methodology/approachTwo samples of USOs, from Spain and Italy (531 and 952 firms, respectively), were examined over the 2005-2013 period. Multilevel modelling was applied to empirically test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results confirmed that the university context is a critical and effective element for explaining USOs’ growth. The university context affected USOs’ growth only for the Spanish firms, while for the Italian spin-offs the evidence does not report a significant determining influence of the university context. This finding may be interpreted as the localization externalities, determined by the Spanish universities, have a more effective impact at firm level compared with those generated by the Italian universities.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides evidence that the university context has a significant role in supporting USOs’ growth in Spain, but not in Italy. This finding, together with the fact that the Italian USOs showed lower growth rates over the period of analysis, may suggest that greater involvement by the Italian parent universities is needed to foster USOs’ growth. The main point to be underlined to decision makers is that policies aimed at fostering USOs need the active involvement of the parent university in the whole growth process of the nascent firm, rather than just in the USO creation process.Originality/valueA multilevel approach provides both methodological and theoretical contributions to the study of USOs’ growth, which was adopted as an “interactionist” approach is recommended by literature. In addition, a cross-national approach allows for exploration of the actual effect of the university on the growth of USOs, taking into account international differences.
Entrepreneurial university: a case study at Stony Brook University
Authors: Wolf Gerrit 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
A business school within a research university can improve the startup process and success on and near campus. The purpose of this paper is to show the mutual benefits to business and science students in learning about startups and to helping startups grow. The mutual benefit comes from the student understanding and the startup managing the complementary roles of inventor, entrepreneur, and investor.

Design/methodology/approach
A case analysis using participant observation, interviews, and document review of the Innovation Center in the College of Business at the Stony Brook University tracks the development of the Center’s educational, research, and consulting activity with engineering departments, incubators, and other support services on campus.

Findings
Inventor, investor, and entrepreneurship roles were supported and coordinated by science and business faculties and students in the university. This process, described in specific courses and programs for MBAs and BBAs, includes the contribution of business academic faculty, serial entrepreneur mentors and the scientists in partner organizations that also support startups inside and outside the university. The number of business plans written by students grew from 10 to 100 a year, startups begun from 1 to 5 a year, and established startups renewed grew from 10 a year to 20 a year over five year period.

Practical implications
This case can be useful to research universities and business schools that want to improve the startup process and success.

Originality/value
This study shows that the role of students in the business school in a research university is to transform inventive ideas from the sciences to innovations in the market place through entrepreneurial activity.
Combined in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy and digital dermoscopy for follow up of patients at high risk of malignant melanoma: A prospective case series study
Authors: Floristán Muruzábal Uxúa , Gamo Villegas Reyes , Pampín Franco Ana , Pinedo Moraleda Fernando , Pérez Fernández Elia , López‐Estebaranz José Luis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDigital dermoscopy (DD) follow up is a useful strategy for monitoring patients at high risk of melanoma. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a valuable second‐level examination after dermoscopy for the evaluation of difficult to diagnose lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the value of RCM in routine DD monitoring of patients at high risk of melanoma. In this prospective study, performed over 22 months, changing melanocytic lesions were detected by DD and excised. RCM imaging was performed before surgical excision of all the lesions, and histopathology used as the gold standard diagnostic test. Eighty‐seven lesions, including 11 thin melanomas, were studied. Dermoscopic evaluation at follow up revealed a significant association between melanoma and asymmetry in two axes (P = 0.035). Enlargement and other changes in structure or color did not significantly differ between nevi and melanomas. Widespread pagetoid cells, non‐edged papillae, irregular and dishomogeneous junctional clusters, and sheet‐like structures were significantly associated with malignancy (P < 0.001). RCM allowed accurate diagnosis of melanoma in 10 of 11 cases (90.9%). The remaining case was classified as a dysplastic nevus. Forty‐six lesions (52.8%) in which RCM revealed no atypia were deemed unnecessarily removed. This study was limited by sample size. In conclusion, combined DD and RCM facilitates the recognition of thin malignant melanomas and reduces unnecessary excisions.
Sequence of cardiovascular autonomic alterations after fingolimod initiation
Authors: Simula Sakari , Laitinen Tomi P. , Laitinen Tiina M. , Hartikainen Päivi , Hartikainen Juha E.K. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundHomeostasis between heart rate and blood pressure is based on several interacting regulatory reflexes, which become influenced by fingolimod initiation. The aim of this study was to determine the sequence of changes in cardiovascular autonomic regulation after fingolimod initiation.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis underwent continuous electrocardiogram recording during the first 6 hr after the first dose of fingolimod. In addition to the time interval between two consecutive R‐peaks (RR interval), blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured on hourly basis. Cardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation were assessed by the different components of HRV.ResultsHRV demonstrated an enhancement in cardiac parasympathetic regulation starting 1 hr after the first dose of fingolimod. Blood pressure started to decrease 2 hr and sympathetic cardiac regulation 3 hr after fingolimod initiation. Recovery in RR interval, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as in cardiac autonomic regulation started after 5 hr postdose, whereas pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure) continued to increase at the time of hospital discharge.ConclusionsRR interval, blood pressure, as well as the parasympathetic and sympathetic components of cardiac autonomic regulation alter sequentially in different temporal pattern after fingolimod initiation. These findings enhance the understanding of the effects of fingolimod initiation on cardiovascular autonomic regulation in real life.
Material, Political, and Biopolitical Dimensions of “Waste” in California Water Law
Authors: Cantor Alida 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCalifornia's state constitution prohibits the “wasteful” use of water; however, waste is subjective and context dependent. This paper considers political, biopolitical, and material dimensions of waste, focusing on the role of legal processes and institutions. The paper examines a case involving legal accusations of “waste and unreasonable use” of water by the Imperial Irrigation District in Imperial County, California. The determination that water was being “wasted” justified the transfer of water from agricultural to urban areas. However, defining these flows of water as a waste neglected water's complexity and relationality, and the enclosure of a “paracommons” threatens to bring about negative environmental and public health consequences. The paper shows that the project of discursively labeling certain material resource flows as waste and re‐allocating these resources to correct this moral and economic failure relies upon legal processes, and carries political and biopolitical implications.
A Generalized Fellner-Schall Method for Smoothing Parameter Optimization with Application to Tweedie Location, Scale and Shape Models
Authors: Wood Simon N. , Fasiolo Matteo 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWe consider the optimization of smoothing parameters and variance components in models with a regular log likelihood subject to quadratic penalization of the model coefficients, via a generalization of the method of Fellner (1986) and Schall (1991). In particular: (i) we generalize the original method to the case of penalties that are linear in several smoothing parameters, thereby covering the important cases of tensor product and adaptive smoothers; (ii) we show why the method's steps increase the restricted marginal likelihood of the model, that it tends to converge faster than the EM algorithm, or obvious accelerations of this, and investigate its relation to Newton optimization; (iii) we generalize the method to any Fisher regular likelihood. The method represents a considerable simplification over existing methods of estimating smoothing parameters in the context of regular likelihoods, without sacrificing generality: for example, it is only necessary to compute with the same first and second derivatives of the log-likelihood required for coefficient estimation, and not with the third or fourth order derivatives required by alternative approaches. Examples are provided which would have been impossible or impractical with pre-existing Fellner-Schall methods, along with an example of a Tweedie location, scale and shape model which would be a challenge for alternative methods, and a sparse additive modeling example where the method facilitates computational efficiency gains of several orders of magnitude. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Control of lymphocyte trafficking and adaptive immunity by adrenergic nerves
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhiro , Nakai Akiko 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe nervous and immune systems are the principal organ systems that sense internal and external environments, and evoke adaptive responses to maintain homeostasis. Studies in the past few decades discovered commonalities between the two organ systems. They share many functional molecules and respond to various stimuli with high specificity. Additionally, it has long been suggested that there is also cross‐talk between the nervous and immune systems. However, the cellular and molecular basis for neuroimmune interactions has emerged only in the past decade. Adrenergic nerves constitute the efferent arc of the sympathetic nervous system and coordinate organ functions in the entire body. Recently, studies have shown that adrenergic nerves regulate the trafficking of myeloid and lymphoid immune cells through distinct molecular mechanisms. In the present review, we focus on the role of adrenergic nerves in the control of lymphocyte trafficking and adaptive immune responses in physiological and pathological conditions.
Oculomotor deficits in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: Potential biomarkers of preclinical detection and disease progression
Authors: Wu Chao , Chen Ding‐Bang , Feng Li , Zhou Xiang‐Xue , Zhang Ji‐Wei , You Hua‐Jing , Liang Xiu‐Ling , Pei Zhong , Li Xun‐Hua 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAimsTo detect specific oculomotor deficits in preclinical stage of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and evaluate whether these abnormalities prove useful as potential biomarkers of disease progression.MethodsA Chinese cohort of 56 patients withSCA3, including 12 preclinical carriers ofSCA3 (pre‐SCA3) and 44 manifestSCA3, and 26 healthy control individuals were recruited. We performed a detailed investigation on central oculomotor performance including fixation, gaze, smooth pursuit, prosaccade, and antisaccade using video‐oculography.ResultsCommon oculomotor features of pre‐SCA3 included square‐wave jerk during central fixation and gaze holding, impaired vertical smooth pursuit, slow upward saccade, and increased antisaccade error rate. In ourSCA3 cohort, all oculomotor parameters were correlated with the score of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, whilst some of them were correlated with disease duration.ConclusionThis study showed that a series of neuropathological changes reflected by oculomotor abnormalities appeared preferentially in preclinical stage ofSCA3. Accordingly, objective oculomotor preclinical signs may be useful to detect the optimum time‐point for therapeutic interventions in future clinical trials ofSCA3. Larger and longitudinal data are warranted to confirm our results.
Treatment with the glucagon receptor antagonist LY2409021 increases ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kazda Christof M. , Frias Juan , Foga Irene , Cui Xuewei , Guzman Cristina B. , Garhyan Parag , Heilmann Cory , Yang Jihui Anne , Hardy Thomas A. 
Published: February 2017

AimsTo assess the effect of LY2409021 on systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsThis 6‐week, randomized, crossover study evaluated the effects of once‐daily administration of LY2409021 20 mg vs those of placebo on SBP, diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) using 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) in 270 subjects treated with diet/exercise ± metformin. Other measures included changes in glycemic control, serum lipids, and hepatic safety markers.ResultsAt 6 weeks of LY2409021 treatment, 24‐hour mean SBP was increased, with a least squares mean (LSM) difference of 2.26 mm Hg vs placebo (95% CI: 1.11, 3.40;
P
< .001). The 24‐hour mean DBP and MAP also increased, with LSM differences of 1.37 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.66, 2.08;
P
< .001) and 1.67 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.86, 2.47;
P
< .001) vs placebo, respectively. At week 6, LY2409021 treatment reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, with an LSM difference of −0.49% (−5.4 mmol/mol) (95% CI: −0.56%, −0.42% [−6.1, −4.6 mmol/mol];
P
< .001) vs placebo. Mean HbA1c at baseline was 7.3% (56 mmol/mol). Small but significant changes in serum lipid and aminotransferase levels were observed with LY2409021 treatment (all
P
< .05 vs placebo).ConclusionsStatistically significant increases in BP, MAP and serum lipid levels were observed with LY2409021 treatment at a dose that lowered HbA1c and glucose levels. These effects may limit the clinical utility of LY2409021 as a chronic treatment for type 2 diabetes.