bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating species distribution model predictions through time against paleozoological records
Authors: Lazagabaster Ignacio A. , Thomas Chris D. , Spedding Juliet V. , Ikram Salima , Solano‐Regadera Irene , Snape Steven , Bro‐Jørgensen Jakob 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to project how species distributions may vary over time, particularly in response climate change. Although the fit of such models to current distributions is regularly enumerated, SDMs are rarely tested across longer time spans to gauge their actual performance under environmental change. Here, we utilise paleozoological presence/absence records to independently assess the predictive accuracy of SDMs through time. To illustrate the approach, we focused on modelling the Holocene distribution of the hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus, a widespread savannah‐adapted African antelope. We applied various modelling algorithms to three occurrence datasets, including a point dataset from online repositories and two range maps representing current and ‘natural’ (i.e. hypothetical assuming no human impact) distributions. We compared conventional model evaluation metrics which assess fit to current distributions (i.e. True Skill Statistic, TSSc, and Area Under the Curve, AUCc) to analogous ‘paleometrics’ for past distributions (i.e. TSSp, AUCp, and in addition Boycep, F2‐scorep and Sorensenp). Our findings reveal only a weak correlation between the ranking of conventional metrics and paleometrics, suggesting that the models most effectively capturing present‐day distributions may not be the most reliable to hindcast historical distributions, and that the choice of input data and modelling algorithm both significantly influences environmental suitability predictions and SDM performance. We thus advocate assessment of model performance using paleometrics, particularly those capturing the correct prediction of presences, such as F2‐scorep or Sorensenp, due to the potential unreliability of absence data in paleozoological records. By integrating archaeological and paleontological records into the assessment of alternative models' ability to project shifts in species distributions over time, we are likely to enhance our understanding of environmental constraints on species distributions.
Repeated Tree Inventories of Pine Forests in South Florida's Big Cypress National Preserve
Authors: Feeley Kenneth J. , Belles Holly A. , Snyder James R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe natural forest ecosystems of South Florida, USA, support a high biodiversity of plant and animal species and provide valuable ecosystem services. However, these ecosystems remain poorly represented in global studies, primarily due to a paucity of standardized data. Here, we present previously unpublished data from 332 censuses of 54 permanent 1‐ha tree inventory plots in the Racoon Point area of Big Cypress National Preserve, Florida, USA, including a total of nearly 100,000 measurements (diameter or height) of > 17,000 individual living trees and palms (with additional measurements of nearly 6000 dead pine snags) collected sporadically over a 19‐year period (1993–2012). These data, which were originally collected as part of a project to investigate tree responses to different experimental burning regimes, provide unique insight into the diversity, composition, structure, and dynamics of South Florida's unique and endangered pine forest ecosystems. Data files include the species identity, size (dbh = diameter at breast height), and location of all trees ≥ 5 cm dbh in 54 individual tree plots. Additional data are provided about heights of palm trees, and the location and burn history of each plot. These data are freely available for noncommercial scientific use under a Creative Commons license; users are encouraged to cite this paper when using the data.
Rhizobial variation, more than plant variation, mediates plant symbiotic and fitness responses to herbicide stress
Authors: Iriart Veronica , Rarick Elizabeth M. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSymbiotic mutualisms provide critical ecosystem services throughout the world. Anthropogenic stressors, however, may disrupt mutualistic interactions and impact ecosystem health. The plant‐rhizobia symbiosis promotes plant growth and contributes to the nitrogen (N) cycle. While off‐target herbicide exposure is recognized as a significant stressor impacting wild plants, we lack knowledge about how it affects the symbiotic relationship between plants and rhizobia. Moreover, we do not know whether the impact of herbicide exposure on symbiotic traits or plant fitness might be ameliorated by plant or rhizobial genetic variation. To address these gaps, we conducted a greenhouse study where we grew 17 full‐sibling genetic families of red clover (Trifolium pratense) either alone (uninoculated) or in symbiosis with one of two genetic strains of rhizobia (Rhizobium leguminosarum) and exposed them to a concentration of the herbicide dicamba that simulated “drift” (i.e., off‐target atmospheric movement) or a control solution. We recorded responses in immediate vegetative injury, key features of the plant‐rhizobia mutualism (nodule number, nodule size, and N fixation), mutualism outcomes, and plant fitness (biomass). In general, we found that rhizobial variation more than plant variation determined outcomes of mutualism and plant fitness in response to herbicide exposure. Herbicide damage response depended on plant family, but also whether plants were inoculated with rhizobia and if so, with which strain. Rhizobial strain variation determined nodule number and size, but this was herbicide treatment‐dependent. In contrast, strain and herbicide treatment independently impacted symbiotic N fixation. And while herbicide exposure significantly reduced plant fitness, this effect depended on inoculation state. Furthermore, the differential fitness benefits that the two rhizobial strains provided plants seemed to diminish under herbicidal conditions. Altogether, these findings suggest that exposure to low levels of herbicide impact key components of the plant‐rhizobia mutualism as well as plant fitness, but genetic variation in the partners determines the magnitude and/or direction of these effects. In particular, our results highlight a strong role of rhizobial strain identity in driving both symbiotic and plant growth responses to herbicide stress.
Experimental species removal reveals species contributions to positive pollinator‐mediated reproductive interactions
Authors: Bi Cheng , Opedal Øystein H. , Yang Ting , Gao Erliang , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPollinator‐mediated reproductive interactions among co‐flowering plant species provide a canonical example of how biotic factors may contribute to species coexistence, yet we lack understanding of the exact mechanisms. Flowering‐dominant and unusually attractive “magnet species” with disproportionate contributions to pollination may play key roles in such reproductive interactions, but their relative roles within the same community have rarely been assessed. We experimentally removed either a flowering‐dominant or a highly attractive magnet species and compared effects on visitation frequency, pollinator richness, and seed set of co‐flowering plants. Removal of either the flowering‐dominant species or the magnet species reduced community‐level pollinator visitation. Removal of the magnet species had the most consistent effect, including reduced pollinator visitation and richness, and reduced seed set of most co‐flowering plants. These results suggest that the magnet species, which interacts with a wider range of pollinator species than does the dominant species, promotes the visitation and reproductive fitness of most other species. Removal of the flowering‐dominant species affected only certain species, perhaps because these plants had floral traits similar to the dominant species. Our results highlight the role of attractive magnet species within a community in structuring reproductive interactions and identify potential mechanisms involved in coexistence facilitated by reproductive interactions.
eDNA State and Medium Affect DNA Degradation Patterns in Seminatural Systems of Southern African Waterholes
Authors: Sedlmayr Irmgard , Schenekar Tamara 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) has evolved into a valuable asset of the ecologists' toolkit, enabling time‐ and cost‐efficient biodiversity assessments in a wide variety of ecosystems. Since eDNA can be isolated from a broad range of environmental substrates, its persistence times in those media are of decisive importance for drawing inferences about species presence. For the first time, we characterize eDNA persistence in water and sediment samples of seminatural waterholes in a savanna system in South Africa to gain a better understanding of eDNA decay in these waterbodies. Using mesocosm experiments, we tracked eDNA decay in two different DNA states (extracellular and membrane bound), during two different seasons (wet and dry), and from two different substrates (surface water and sediment). Extracellular DNA degraded rapidly in a first‐order exponential decay fashion and membrane‐bound DNA exhibited a slower decline with more intricate patterns, involving initial reduction followed by a subsequent increase in measured DNA concentrations. The latter we attribute to cell disassociation and cell lysis at 24–48 h after introduction into the environment. Higher stochasticity of membrane‐bound DNA capture in the dry season highlights the need for higher sampling efforts in natural systems in which eDNA is presumably more patchily distributed. Additionally, we observed longer eDNA persistence in sediments than in water samples, presumably due to better protection from nucleases. We could not reveal any effects of environmental parameters on eDNA decay, emphasizing that further research is needed to better understand eDNA dynamics in those waterbodies in order to exploit their full potential for eDNA‐based bioassessments in those systems.
Exploring Platinum Thin Films as Electrodes for High‐Temperature and ‐Pressure Electrochemical Studies in Aqueous Systems
Authors: Abdulaziz Muna , Petruk Ariel , George Tony , Shaw Nicolette , Sciaini German , Trevani Liliana 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis work reports a methodology for the fabrication of Pt thin‐film electrodes for electrochemical studies in hydrothermal systems. The research process was meticulous, with particular attention paid to the multilayer Ti/Pt/Ti/Al2O3 film structure and annealing conditions that are expected to impact the morphology of the films, surface composition and electrochemical response. The findings of this study are significant, as they provide valuable insights into the behaviour of Pt thin‐film electrodes in various media and conditions. Two different approaches were adopted for the preparation of the electrodes: in one case, the Ti/Pt/Ti/Al2O3 films deposited on sapphire wafers were exposed to rapid thermal annealing at 900°C under argon for 5 min, followed by argon ion milling to etch the final electrode pattern (Pt‐RA(900)), while in the other case, uncapped Pt films were annealed, after etching, in a tubular oven under argon at specific temperatures between 200°C and 900°C (Pt‐TO). Rapid annealing at 900°C on capped films resulted in the formation of a Pt3Ti intermetallic alloy with remarkable mechanical and chemical stability even after 10 h of immersion in deionised water, acid (0.1 M H2SO4) and alkaline media (0.1 M KOH) conditions at temperatures up to 150°C, despite the dissolution of the Al2O3 top layer at 150°C and long immersion times (> 10 h). In the case of uncapped Pt films, diffusion and oxidation of Ti through the Pt film at high temperature resulted in the formation of TiO2 on the surface of Pt. The results were confirmed by using a comprehensive suite of ex‐situ characterisation techniques to follow changes in the Pt electrode surface morphology and composition before and after immersion in H2O, 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M KOH solutions under argon. Ex‐situ electrochemical characterisation studies were also conducted to correlate the changes in the electrode surface properties, including the electrochemical surface area, with different annealing conditions and after various hydrothermal treatments in neutral, alkaline and acidic media.
Aroma compounds and physicochemical and functional properties of traditional Tokat bread
Authors: Cingöz Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the physical (height, weight, volume, color, etc.), chemical (protein, fat, ash, moisture, etc.), functional (total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity), nutritional (total, soluble, insoluble dietary fiber, and important starch fractions), and texture properties and volatile organic compounds of traditional Tokat bread. In addition, yeast and bacterial species were isolated and identified from the sourdoughs used in its production. Having a 6‐day shelf life, traditional Tokat bread has an average total dietary fiber content of 14.64%. The predictable glycemic index was 83.09, and the slowly digestible starch content was 6.15%. In traditional Tokat bread, 45 different volatile aroma components were identified, and S. cerevisiae, D. hansenii, K. lactis, L. plantarum, and L. mesentorides species were mostly isolated in sourdough. The characteristics of traditional Tokat breads produced by traditional methods in different regions were determined. It is predicted that the taste and aroma of traditional Tokat bread originate from the hornbeam and pelite woods used in the baking stage and the sourdough used. The yeast composition of the breads collected from different regions also varies.
Redefining Neonatal Vitamin A Adequacy and Deficiency Based on Maternal Nutrition: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Chongqing, China
Authors: Fan Xiaobing , Lai Xi , Miao Jingkun , Chen Qixiong , Chen Jia , Liu Huan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThere are no established diagnostic criteria for neonatal vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and applying adult VAD criteria to neonates may overestimate the neonatal VAD rate. This study aimed to evaluate neonatal vitamin A (VA) status and redefine thresholds for neonatal VA adequacy and deficiency based on maternal VA nutrition. A cross‐sectional study involving 1901 mother–neonate pairs was conducted in Chongqing, China. VA nutritional status was assessed by measuring serum VA levels and dietary VA intake from the third trimester to birth. The VAD rates of maternal dietary intake and serum were 27.091% and 23.356%, respectively, while 88.8% of neonates had serum VA levels < 0.70 μmol/L, the threshold for adult VAD. Neonatal VA levels were significantly lower than maternal levels. All neonates were healthy, with no clinical signs of VAD. Neonatal VA levels correlated positively with maternal VA levels. The threshold for neonatal VA adequacy was estimated to be ≥ 0.489 (95%CI: 0.464–0.512) μmol/L when maternal VA nutrition was adequate, and the 2.5th percentile of VA levels among all neonates was 0.192 μmol/L, predicting neonatal VAD. The study concluded that neonatal VAD rates might be overestimated, as most neonates received adequate VA from their mothers. Maternal VA status is a reliable predictor of neonatal VA status due to their close relationship. This study offers a new perspective on prenatal nutrition for determining neonatal VA adequacy and deficiency thresholds and developing neonatal VA supplementation programs. Further research is needed.
Lipschütz ulcer following first dose of COVID‐19 tozinameran vaccine: Report of a case and review of a World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Ewig Elliot , Ben Othman Nouha , Viard Delphine , Gauci Pierre‐Alexis , Rocher Fanny , Drici Milou‐Daniel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLipschütz ulcer (LU) is a condition known for painful vulvar ulcers, typically affecting young women and often linked to infectious agents. Recent reports have indicated a potential connection between LU and COVID‐19 vaccination, particularly after the second or booster doses. This study presents a case of LU following the first dose of tozinameran in a young woman who had a previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and investigates similar cases globally. An 18‐year‐old woman experienced vulvar pain and ulcers 2‐days after her initial COVID‐19 vaccine dose. After ruling out infections through serological tests, a diagnosis of LU was made, and her symptoms resolved after 10 days. A literature search and VigiBase® analysis revealed 11 cases of LU following COVID‐19 vaccination, and 519 vulvovaginal ulcer cases associated with these vaccines were identified in Vigibase®, with a median onset of 2 days. Most LU cases occurred after the second dose or booster shots. The primary hypothesis for this association is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immune complexes, possibly triggered by prior exposure, as many cases occurred after the second dose. Interestingly, the presented case suggests that prior COVID‐19 infection could serve as sensitization. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential occurrence of LU after the initial COVID‐19 vaccine dose in young patients with prior COVID‐19 infection. While the risk of recurrence after subsequent vaccinations or infections remains uncertain, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. Clinicians and patients should be aware of this potential issue to make informed decisions regarding vaccination.
Ultrasound‐guided embolization for renal artery pseudoaneurysm in solitary kidney
Authors: Augustine Sana , Patel Mitwa , Inban Pugazhendi , Synthia Sk Sadia Rahman , Asfeen Ummul Z , Yaqub Aliza , Mahmood Khan Aadil , Singh Mansi 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionRenal artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare yet serious complication following percutaneous nephrolithotomy, especially in patients with solitary kidneys. Effective management is crucial to prevent further renal damage.Case presentationWe report a case of a 41‐year‐old male with a solitary kidney who experienced gross hematuria and renal insufficiency 3 months after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Due to the patient's renal insufficiency and the risks associated with arterial catheterization, ultrasound‐guided embolization was chosen as the treatment approach. Initial angiographic attempts were impeded by renal vessel spasms, delaying intervention. However, successful direct percutaneous embolization was subsequently performed using ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography.ConclusionThe patient's recovery was uneventful, and follow‐up assessments showed no recurrence of renal artery pseudoaneurysm. This case highlights the effectiveness of ultrasound‐guided embolization as a viable treatment option for post‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy renal artery pseudoaneurysm, particularly in patients with solitary kidneys.
Fairness in artificial intelligence‐driven multi‐organ image segmentation
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Yizhe , Sun Longyu , Sun Mengting , Liu Meng , Wang Zian , Wang Qi , Wang Shuo , Wang Chengyan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFairness is an emerging consideration when assessing the segmentation performance of machine learning models across various demographic groups. During clinical decision‐making, an unfair segmentation model exhibits risks in that it can pose inappropriate diagnoses and unsuitable treatment plans for underrepresented demographic groups, resulting in severe consequences for patients and society. In medical artificial intelligence (AI), the fairness of multi‐organ segmentation is imperative to augment the integration of models into clinical practice. As the use of multi‐organ segmentation in medical image analysis expands, it is crucial to systematically examine fairness to ensure equitable segmentation performance across diverse patient populations and ensure health equity. However, comprehensive studies assessing the problem of fairness in multi‐organ segmentation remain lacking. This study aimed to provide an overview of the fairness problem in multi‐organ segmentation. We first define fairness and discuss the factors that lead to fairness problems such as individual fairness, group fairness, counterfactual fairness, and max–min fairness in multi‐organ segmentation, focusing mainly on datasets and models. We then present strategies to potentially improve fairness in multi‐organ segmentation. Additionally, we highlight the challenges and limitations of existing approaches and discuss future directions for improving the fairness of AI models for clinically oriented multi‐organ segmentation.
The adverse dyadic friendship (ADF): An exploratory retrospective view of female adolescents
Authors: Korem Anat , Tatar Moshe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionFriendships of adolescent girls play a significant role in providing socio‐emotional support and enabling the attainment of developmental tasks. The present exploratory paper focuses on an aspect of close friendships that has yet to be widely examined, which we described as the Adverse Dyadic Friendship (ADF). This is a friendship whose negative elements are perceived from the distance of time as outweighing its positive ones.MethodsTo examine the features of ADF, a qualitative study based on retrospective data obtained from 34 young adult females (Mage = 31.14, SD = 5.59) was conducted in Israel. Using a semi‐structured online questionnaire, participants were asked to address a specific close same‐sex friendship they had during their middle or high school years that has negatively affected them.ResultsThe emerging themes (such as negative feelings and various coping strategies) suggest that ADF comprises an intense emotional condition, having implications on the development of individuals’ self‐perception. The consequences of ADF may be detrimental to adolescent girls’ self‐worth and friendship skills and extend into their adult life.ConclusionsWhereas the developmental literature emphasizes the positive aspects of friendship for adolescent girls, this study points out how ADF can also become a developmental challenge for them: on the one hand, ADF comprises a risk factor for their socio‐emotional development, and on the other hand, presents an opportunity to learn and introduce changes in their lives. The main contribution of this paper is that ADF can stimulate further research on the complex aspects of friendship between adolescent girls.