bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bubble Trajectory in a Bubble Column Reactor using Combined Image Processing and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Chidambaram Balachandar , Seshadri Arunkumar , Muniyandi Venkatesan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The applications of Bubble column reactors in gas-liquid multiphase reactions are widely observed in process industries. Biochemical reactions such as wet oxidation and algae bio-reactions are carried out in bubble column reactors. In this article, an image processing based comprehensive algorithm is developed to identify the trajectory of bubbles in a bubble column reactor. Photographs of bubbles moving up in a bubble column reactor are recorded for different velocities using a high speed camera. An algorithm is developed to plot the trajectory of the bubble. The developed algorithm can be used with experimental and numerical results to trace the trajectory of bubbles. The algorithm is applied to the results of volume of fluids (VOF) simulation to identify the bubble path in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Based on the algorithm, numerical results obtained on Newtonian fluids are used to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to find the temporal position of the bubble. Superficial fluid velocities, nozzle diameter and time are the input parameters. The trained Levenberg-Marquardt based neural network can find the position of the bubble at any instant of time. The designed algorithm can study the dynamics and position of a bubble in process applications carried out in a bubble column reactor.
Editorial: Computational Creativity, Concept Invention, and General Intelligence
Authors: Besold Tarek R. , Kühnberger Kai-Uwe , Veale Tony 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Over the last decade, computational creativity as a field of scientific investigation and computational systems engineering has seen growing popularity. Still, the levels of development between projects aiming at systems for artistic production or performance and endeavours addressing creative problem-solving or models of creative cognitive capacities is diverging. While the former have already seen several great successes, the latter still remain in their infancy. This volume collects reports on work trying to close the accrued gap.
Unnatural Selection: Seeing Human Intelligence in Artificial Creations
Authors: Veale Tony 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
As generative AI systems grow in sophistication, so too do our expectations of their outputs. For as automated systems acculturate themselves to ever larger sets of inspiring human examples, the more we expect them to produce human-quality outputs, and the greater our disappointment when they fall short. While our generative systems must embody some sense of what constitutes human creativity if their efforts are to be valued as creative by human judges, computers are not human, and need not go so far as to actively pretend to be human to be seen as creative. As discomfiting objects that reside at the boundary of two seemingly disjoint categories, creative machines arouse our sense of the uncanny, or what Freud memorably called the Unheimlich. Like a ventriloquist’s doll that finds its own voice, computers are free to blend the human and the non-human, to surprise us with their knowledge of our world and to discomfit with their detached, other-worldly perspectives on it. Nowhere is our embrace of the unnatural and the uncanny more evident than in the popularity of Twitterbots, automatic text generators on Twitter that are followed by humans precisely because they are non-human, and because their outputs so often seem meaningful yet unnatural. This paper evaluates a metaphor generator named @MetaphorMagnet, a Twitterbot that tempers the uncanny with aptness to yield results that are provocative but meaningful.
Tra-la-Lyrics 2.0: Automatic Generation of Song Lyrics on a Semantic Domain
Authors: Gonçalo Oliveira Hugo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Tra-la-Lyrics is a system that generates song lyrics automatically. In its original version, the main focus was to produce text where stresses matched the rhythm of given melodies. There were no concerns on whether the text made sense or if the selected words shared some kind of semantic association. In this article, we describe the development of a new version of Tra-la-Lyrics, where text is generated on a semantic domain, defined by one or more seed words. This effort involved the integration of the original rhythm module of Tra-la-Lyrics in PoeTryMe, a generic platform that generates poetry with semantically coherent sentences. To measure our progress, the rhythm, the rhymes, and the semantic coherence in lyrics produced by the original Tra-la-Lyrics were analysed and compared with lyrics produced by the new instantiation of this system, dubbed Tra-la-Lyrics 2.0. The analysis showed that, in the lyrics by the new system, words have higher semantic association among them and with the given seeds, while the rhythm is still matched and rhymes are present. The previous analysis was complemented with a crowdsourced evaluation, where contributors answered a survey about relevant features of lyrics produced by the previous and the current versions of Tra-la-Lyrics. Though tight, the survey results confirmed the improvements of the lyrics by Tra-la-Lyrics 2.0.
Frameworks for Guiding the Development and Improvement of Population Statistics in the United Kingdom
Authors: Raymer James , Rees Phil , Blake Ann 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The article presents central frameworks for guiding the development and improvement of population statistics. A shared understanding between producers and users of statistics is needed with regard to the concepts, data, processes, and outputs produced. In the United Kingdom, population estimates are produced by conducting decennial censuses and by estimating intercensus populations through the addition and subtraction of the demographic components of change derived from registers of vital events and from a combination of administrative data and surveys for internal and international migration. In addition, data cleaning, imputation, and modelling may be required to produce the desired population statistics. The frameworks presented in this paper are useful for aligning the required concepts of population statistics with the various sources of available data. Taken together, they provide a general ‘recipe’ for the continued improvement and expansion of official statistics on population and demographic change.
Quality Indicators for Statistical Disclosure Methods: A Case Study on the Structure of Earnings Survey
Authors: Templ Matthias 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Scientific- or public-use files are typically produced by applying anonymisation methods to the original data. Anonymised data should have both low disclosure risk and high data utility.
Data utility is often measured by comparing well-known estimates from original data and anonymised data, such as comparing their means, covariances or eigenvalues.
However, it is a fact that not every estimate can be preserved. Therefore the aim is to preserve the most important estimates, that is, instead of calculating generally defined utility measures, evaluation on context/data dependent indicators is proposed.
In this article we define such indicators and utility measures for the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) microdata and proper guidelines for selecting indicators and models, and for evaluating the resulting estimates are given. For this purpose, hundreds of publications in journals and from national statistical agencies were reviewed to gain insight into how the SES data are used for research and which indicators are relevant for policy making.
Besides the mathematical description of the indicators and a brief description of the most common models applied to SES, four different anonymisation procedures are applied and the resulting indicators and models are compared to those obtained from the unmodified data. The disclosure risk is reported and the data utility is evaluated for each of the anonymised data sets based on the most important indicators and a model which is often used in practice.
“Metropolregionen” in Germany: The Enforcement of Global City-Regions
Authors: Eckardt Frank 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Under the conditions of globalisation, economic success has been related in politics and theoretical debate to the strength of regions. The concept of the region has therefore also been strengthened in Germany. Within the architecture of a historically grown political landscape, the implementation of the new forms of so-called metropolitan governance, however, has had limited effects. While the limits of “new regionalism” in Germany – by the federal organisation of political geography – are evident, the very idea of regional governance is also to be challenged. Therefore, the article discusses whether the introduction of “Metropolitan regions” can be regarded in the light of the international research on global city-regions.
Involvement in alcohol-related verbal or physical aggression. Does social status matter?
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Tryggvesson Kalle , Pabst Alexander , Room Robin 
Published: January 2016

Introduction –The analyses (1) assessed the association between social status variables and aggression when controlling for volume of alcohol consumption and episodic heavy drinking (EHD), (2) tested whether social status moderates the association between volume or EHD and verbal as well as physical aggression, and (3) investigated whether EHD moderates the effect of volume on aggression. Methods Swedish Alcohol Monitoring Survey (2003 to 2011); N=104,316 current drinkers; response rate: 51 to 38%. Alcohol-related aggression was defined as involvement in a quarrel or physical fight while drinking. Social status was defined as the highest education, monthly income and marital status. Results The associations between social status variables and aggression showed mixed results. Verbal aggression was associated with education in males and with marital status in both genders. Physical aggression was associated with education in both genders. No associations with aggression were found for income. With few exceptions, these associations remained significant when controlling for drinking patterns; social status did not moderate the association between drinking and aggression; EHD moderated the effect of volume on physical aggression in males. Conclusions Groups of lower educated and non-married individuals experience verbal or physical aggression over and above different levels of consumption. Individual differences in aggression vulnerability rather than differences in aggression predisposition account for higher risks of aggression in these groups.
Gambling, violent behaviour and attitudes towards violence among adolescent gamblers in Finland
Authors: Räsänen Tiina , Lintonen Tomi , Raisamo Susanna , Rimpelä Arja , Konu Anne 
Published: January 2016

Aims The purpose of this population-based study was to explore the relationship between gambling and violent behaviour and attitudes towards violence among 14- and 16-year-old adolescents. Design A national survey was conducted in Finland in 2011. The main measures in our study were gambling frequency and number of reported gambling-related harms. Their associations with violent behaviours and attitudes towards violence were studied using multinomial logistic regression and negative binomial regression. Results 47.1% of adolescents had gambled during the past six months and 13.2% of them had experienced gambling-related harms. Both gambling frequency and the number of gambling-related harms were linked to violent behaviour as well as to positive attitudes towards violence. Adolescents who engaged in gambling on a daily basis and/or experienced gambling harms had the highest risk. Conclusions Health promotion efforts among gamblers should take into account their increased risk for violent behaviour.
Sclerotherapy Of Esophageal Varices In Severe Hemophilia A Patient And High Titer Inhibitor – Case Report
Authors: Szczepanik Andrzej B. , Dąbrowski Wojciech P. , Szczepanik Anna M. , Pielaciński Konrad , Jaśkowiak Wojciech 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn cirrhotic hemophilia patients bleeding from esophageal varices is a serious clinical condition due to congenital deficiency of clotting factors VIII or IX, decreased prothrombin synthesis and hypersplenic thrombocytopenia. In hemophiliac with high-titer inhibitor bypassing therapy is required with activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC) or recombinant activated coagulation factor VII (rFVIIa). Doses and duration treatment with these agents following endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices have not been yet established.Authors report the first case of a severe hemophilia A patient with high titer inhibitor (40 BU) treated with repeated injection sclerotherapy. The patient was admitted with symptoms of massive esophageal variceal hemorrhage ceased with emergency sclerotherapy. Bypassing therapy was administered with aPCC at initial dose of 72.5 U/kg and then with average daily dose of 162 U/kg through 5 days. To achieved a total eradication of esophageal varices the patient was then subjected to four elective sclerotherapy procedures. Two were covered by aPCC with daily dose of 120 U/kg and 145 U/kg for 4 and 3 days respectively and the following two procedures were covered by rFVIIa with the initial dose of 116 µg/kg and the next doses of 87 µg/kg administered every 3 hours in procedure day and every 4 hours on the next two days. During all procedures excellent hemostasis was achieved and no hemorrhagic or thromboembolic complications were observed. Bypassing regimen therapy with aPCC and rFVIIa we applied have been shown to be safe and effective in this patient subjected to sclerotherapy procedures.
Hematological parameters in Polish mixed breed rabbits with addition of meat breed blood in the annual cycle
Authors: Tokarz-Deptuła B. , Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. , Adamiak M. , Hukowska-Szematowicz B. , Trzeciak-Ryczek A. , Deptuła W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the paper we studied haematologic values, such as haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value, thrombocytes, leucocytes: lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes in the pheral blood in Polish mixed-breeds with addition of meat breed blood in order to obtain the reference values which are until now not available for this animals. In studying this indices we took into consideration the impact of the season (spring, summer, autumn, winter), and sex of the animals. The studies have shown a high impact of the season of the year on those rabbits, but only in spring and summer. Moreover we observed that the sex has mean impact on the studied values of haematological parameters in those rabbits. According to our knowledge, this is the first paper on haematologic values in this widely used group of rabbits, so they may serve as reference values.
The Selection of Party Leaders in Poland: Democratisation of Rules and Predictability of Results
Authors: Hartliński Maciej 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The objective of this analysis is to examine political party leadership with reference to the rules and results of its selection process in post-communist Poland. The exploration of these matters is based on qualitative and quantitative data concerning 16 different political parties and 80 selections they conducted in the years 1990-2013. The comprehensive research methods employed for this study ranged from in-depth analysis of particular election results to analysis of constitutional and structural party variations. This extensive investigation enables the reader to draw conclusions about Polish intra-party politics and to understand the vetting processes that Polish politicians must undergo. The findings indicate that political parties tend to address wider selectorates; and that the rules of selection are transparent, democratic, and empirically predictable.
The Character of the Polish Local and Regional Elections – Polytonality
Authors: Kubisz-Muła Łukasz 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Contemporary Polish local and regional elections serve the purpose of electing the government on the level of a municipality, county, and the voivodeship, and therefore represent a particular type of elections which could be referred to as polytonal. A unique quality of polytonal elections is the fact that the separate elections for each of the levels of local/regional government that take place on a single day are quite distinctive in terms of the behaviour of voters, politicians, political parties, and other organisations participating in the elections. As a consequence, we can indeed observe differences in the results of the elections on the level of municipality, county, and voivodeship.
From the Concept to the Practice of Parliamentary Immunity1
Authors: Negoiţă Ciprian 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Scholars have long debated the normative rationality, the temporal and legal aspects, and finally the limits and modern practices of parliamentary immunity. Therefore, this study does not insist on these classical interpretations anymore, but seeks to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the conceptual history of parliamentary immunity. Embracing two schools of thought, the Koselleckian interpretation and the Skinnerian variant, this paper aims to establish and clarify in detail the story of the concept of parliamentary immunity in order to elucidate, in a Socratic fashion, what we really mean when we say that a senator or a deputy benefits from legislative immunity. This inquiry will help us emphasise how this concept leaves behind its abstract notion and becomes an institution with strict rules and practices. In addition, considering the importance of this concept in the modern legislative and rhetoric histories and the frequency with which it is used, this study will question the meanings of parliamentary immunity in the light of different historical settings and will eventually trace out a single, coherent, and unified conceptual matrix. My contention is that once parliamentary immunity – seen as a conceptual construct only adjusting the balance of power between the executive and the legislative powers – becomes an institution with strong practices, it enforces the parliament as a unified and independent body and creates the prerequisite conditions for the democratic development.
Searching bioremediation patents through Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC)
Authors: Prasad Rajendra 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Patent classification systems have traditionally evolved independently at each patent jurisdiction to classify patents handled by their examiners to be able to search previous patents while dealing with new patent applications. As patent databases maintained by them went online for free access to public as also for global search of prior art by examiners, the need arose for a common platform and uniform structure of patent databases. The diversity of different classification, however, posed problems of integrating and searching relevant patents across patent jurisdictions. To address this problem of comparability of data from different sources and searching patents, WIPO in the recent past developed what is known as International Patent Classification (IPC) system which most countries readily adopted to code their patents with IPC codes along with their own codes. The Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) is the latest patent classification system based on IPC/European Classification (ECLA) system, developed by the European Patent Office (EPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) which is likely to become a global standard. This paper discusses this new classification system with reference to patents on bioremediation.
Emergence of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, a Public Health Threat: a Romanian Infectious Disease Hospital Based Study / Emergenţa Enterobacteriaceaelor producătoare de carbapenemaze, o ameninţare pentru sănătatea publică: un studiu realizat într-un spital romanesc de boli infectioase
Authors: Rafila Alexandru , Talapan Daniela , Dorobăţ Olga Mihaela , Popescu Gabriel Adrian , Piţigoi Daniela , Florea Dragoş , Buicu Florin Corneliu 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Hospital-acquired infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing different types of carbapenem- hydrolizing enzymes are now commonly observed and represent a great limitation for antimicrobial therapy. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobaceriaceae among the strains isolated from hospitalized patients to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucharest (NIID) and the identification of different types of carbapenemases, using phenotypic methods.
Materials and methods: Between January - June 2014, 587 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter species and E.coli were isolated from various clinical specimens. We were included all non-susceptible strains to carbapenems, according to EUCAST 2014 clinical breakpoints, as determined by using microdilution MicroScan Panels (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). The modified Hodge test (MHT) was performed as phenotypic confirmatory test for carbapenemase production according to CLSI guidelines and the combination disk test (KPC, MBL , OXA-48 Confirm kit, Rosco Diagnostica) according to EUCAST guidelines.
Results: A total of 45 non-repeat Enterobaceriaceae (32 strains Klebsiella pneumoniae, 5 strains E.coli, 8 strains Enterobacter spp) were identified as non-susceptibile to one or more carbapenems (93,33% ertapenem, 53,33% meropenem, 48,88% imipenem). Most strains were isolated from urine (75,55%). MHT was positive in 55,6% (25/45) of carbapenem-resistant strains; in 24 cases the carbapenem-hydrolizing enzyme was identified as: OXA-48-like (n=16), KPC (n=4), MBL (n=1), KPC + MBL (n=2) and MBL + OXA-48-like (n=1). All carbapenemase- positive strains were 100% resistant to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, showing less resistance to tigecycline (12,5% resistant and 25% intermediate), colistin (37,5%) and fosfomycin (41,6%).
Conclusion: During 6 months period, there were isolated 7,66% (45/587) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (K. pneumoniae 21,47%, E. coli 1,23%). Twenty four strains were carbapenemase-producers. The most frequent carbapenemase isolated in our study was OXA-48-like.
Peculiar hyper-IgM syndrome. Case report / Sindrom hiper-IgM atipic. Prezentare de caz
Authors: Iurian Sorin Ioan , Marodi Laszlo , Picard Capucine 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We report a male infant diagnosed at the age of 10 months with hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM) in context of severe infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. In patient’s outcome, in spite of immunoglobulin therapy, he continues presenting bilateral suppurative otitis media due to both Candida and penicillin-resistant pneumococcus and forearm abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The infant developed bilateral cataracts, chronic hepatitis and comminuted fracture secondary to bone demineralization. The patient didn’t develop opportunistic infections as compare to CD40 Ligand deficiency patients. In contrast with the majority of HIGM cases, the infant necessity for immunoglobulin substitution was very limited. As a particularity of immunological phenotype, the patient IgM value progressively increased at a high level.