bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status and complementary feeding among HIV‐exposed infants: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kamenju Pili , Liu Enju , Hertzmark Ellen , Spiegelman Donna , Kisenge Rodrick , Kupka Roland , Aboud Said , Manji Karim P. , Duggan Christopher , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractComplementary feeding is crucial for improving child survival and promoting growth and development, particularly among HIV‐exposed children who have higher risk of morbidity and mortality than their un‐exposed peers. This prospective study employed an infant and child feeding index (ICFI) to measure complementary feeding and determine its association with nutritional status among 2092 HIV‐exposed infants followed from 6 to 24 months of age in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The ICFI measured both quality and quantity of complementary feeding, including current breastfeeding status, food consistency, dietary diversity scores (DDS), food group frequency score, and meal frequency. The ICFI score ranged from 0 to 9; the median score was 6 (Inter‐Quartile Range, IQR= 4–7). After adjusting for potential confounders, high ICFI scores were associated with reduced risk of stunting (high vs. low tertile hazard ratio, HR: 0.72; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.57, 0.91; P< 0.01) and underweight (high vs. low tertile HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.02; P= 0.07). Low DDS were associated with higher risk of stunting (low vs. high tertile HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.07; P< 0.01) and underweight (low vs. high tertile HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.96; P= 0.01). In this setting, high DDS and ICFI scores were protective of stunting and underweight. We recommend for nutrition programs in low‐income countries to emphasize educating HIV‐exposed children's caregivers on the importance of dietary diversity and optimal complementary feeding to improve nutritional status in this important subpopulation.
Candida vulvovaginitis: A store with a buttery and a show window
Authors: Donders Gilbert G. G. , Sobel Jack D. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryAlthough being an utterly frequent, non‐mortal, yet distressing disease, and despite good knowledge of the pathogenesis and the availability of specific and safe treatment, vulvovaginal Candida (VVC) infection remains one of the most enigmatic problems for both physicians and patients. Good treatment requires a proper diagnosis. Too many caregivers (and patients treating themselves) react too simple‐minded on the symptoms of VVC and treat VVC where they see it on the vulva. In this opinion paper, we plea for a thorough examination of women with VVC, especially in those women who suffer from recurrent disease since a long time, sometimes decades, which necessitates intensive examination of the vaginal flora, as this is invariably the reservoir for relapses and recurrent vulvitis. Examination of such complicated cases requires experienced clinical judgement, expertise bedside phase contrast microscopy of fresh vaginal fluid, classical cultures on Sabouroud medium and, if still unresolved, repetitive cultures taken by the patient herself at moments of symptoms, and/or nuclear acid amplification techniques to detect Candida genes in the vaginal fluid. Even if only vulvitis is evident, thorough expert examination of vaginal fluid is obligatory to diagnose VVC.
First‐in‐man observation of Talaromyces marneffei‐transmission by organ transplantation
Authors: Hermans Frederik , Ombelet Sien , Degezelle Karlien , Testelmans Dries , Van Raemdonck Dirk E. , Verleden Geert M. , Verbeken Eric K. , Van Bleyenbergh Pascal , Lagrou Katrien , Vos Robin 
Published: September 2016

SummaryA lung transplant recipient was diagnosed with penicilliosis due to Talaromyces marneffei, a fungus endemic in South‐East Asia, which was acquired by donor transmission. This first case of Talaromyces marneffei‐transmission by transplantation underscores that current globalisation of travelling necessitates increased vigilance for transmission of unusual pathogens in organ recipients.
Understanding the rise of Yinao in China: A commentary on the little known phenomenon of healthcare violence
Authors: Zhang Liuyi , Stone Teresa E. , Zhang Jingping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractYinao (healthcare disturbance) refers to violent incidents directed against healthcare staff and facilities for financial benefit. In China, incidences of Yinao are widespread and increasing, but little is known of this phenomenon in the wider global community. This commentary investigates the factors behind Yinao to achieve a deeper understanding. Causes include a lack of trust in medical staff, fueled by costly medical expenses; difficulties in accessing treatment; poor treatment outcomes; high patient expectations; a misunderstanding or rejection of medical ethics; misleading media reports; and a complex appeals process. Both doctors and nurses have been the targets of violent and distressing Yinao events, resulting in emotional pain, physical injury, and even death. In response, hospitals have established a series of preventative measures and and the government has increased the penalties for perpetrators of acts of Yinao. The situation is a salient reminder to policymakers worldwide of the importance of an accessible, affordable, and equitable health system.
Community Health Needs Assessments: Expanding the Boundaries of Nursing Education in Population Health
Authors: Evans‐Agnew Robin , Reyes David , Primomo Janet , Meyer Karen , Matlock‐Hightower Corrie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundConducting federally mandated community health needs assessments through academic‐practice partnerships provides new opportunities for developing population health nursing competencies.ObjectivesThe purpose of this article was to describe how a baccalaureate practicum experience within such an assessment process, involving health care system partners, re‐affirms the importance of community and population health assessment in the development of future nursing leaders.ResultsStudent evaluations indicated an emerging appreciation for the social determinants of health, the power of partnerships, and the importance of diversity. Integrating health care and public health system perspectives on assessment meets both public health and nursing accreditation standards and extends student leadership experiences. Such integration also improves regional capacity for improving population health.ConclusionsFederal mandates for community health needs assessments provide opportunities to advance leadership roles for nursing graduates throughout the health care system, and for confirming the importance of community assessment as an essential nursing competency.
Unique growth paths of heterospecific pollen tubes result in late entry into ovules in the gynoecium of Sagittaria (Alismataceae)
Authors: Lyu N. , Du W. , Wang X.‐F. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Pollen‐pistil interactions are a fundamental process in the reproductive biology of angiosperms and play a particularly important role in maintaining incipient species that exist in sympatry. However, the majority of previous studies have focused on species with syncarpous gynoecia (fused carpels) and not those with apocarpous gynoecia (unfused carpels).

In the present study, we investigated the growth of conspecific pollen tubes compared to heterospecific pollen tubes in Sagittaria species, which have apocarpous gynoecia. We conducted controlled pollinations between S. pygmaea and S. trifolia and observed the growth of conspecific and heterospecific pollen tubes under a fluorescence microscope.

Heterospecific and conspecific pollen tubes arrived at locules within the ovaries near simultaneously. However, conspecific pollen tubes entered into the ovules directly, whereas heterospecific tubes passed through the carpel base and adjacent receptacle tissue, to ultimately fertilize other unfertilized ovules. This longer route taken by heterospecific pollen tubes therefore caused a delay in the time required to enter into the ovules. Furthermore, heterospecific pollen tubes displayed similar growth patterns at early and peak pollination. The growth pattern of heterospecific pollen tubes at late pollination was similar to that of conspecific pollen tubes at peak pollination.

Heterospecific and conspecific pollen tubes took different routes to fertilize ovules. A delayed entry of heterospecific pollen into ovules may be a novel mechanism of conspecific pollen advantage (CPA) for apocarpous species.
Detecting reproductive system abnormalities of broiler breeder roosters at different ages
Authors: Lagares MA , Ecco R , Martins NRS , Lara LJC , Rocha JSR , Vilela DAR , Barbosa VM , Mantovani PF , Braga JFV , Preis IS , Gheller VA , Cardeal PC , Baião NC 
Published: September 2016

ContentsThe objective of this study was to detect the reasons of rooster's fertility decrease at 50 weeks of age. Therefore, the reproductive system of broiler breeder roosters was laparoscopic, macroscopic and histopathology evaluated, and a comparison of the anatomical aspect with the sperm analysis and birds’ age was realized. Cobb roosters (n = 59) were distributed into two groups (30 and 50 weeks). Evaluations were performed with laparoscopy, macroscopy and histopathology, and seminal quality, blood serum testosterone concentration and weight were also determined. The old roosters presented smaller testicle size, higher intensity epididymal lithiasis and lower testicle sperm production, compared to the young roosters. The use of the endoscope could easily distinguish a normal‐sized testicle than an atrophic one. Four old roosters with severe testicular atrophy did not show spermatogenesis, although three still had sperm in the ejaculate. This would falsely indicate a wrong diagnosis of normal fertility before the testicular atrophy took place. In conclusion, in addition to the weight increase with age, the testicular atrophy and impairment of sperm production seemed to be the main reason to the decrease in the rooster's fertility at 50 weeks of age. Therefore, the use of the laparoscopy as a way to detect the roosters with testicular atrophy before 50 weeks of age and their removal from them flock could be useful as a diagnostic tool to prevent the birds’ fertility loss.
Does the novel ecosystem concept provide a framework for practical applications and a path forward? A reply to Miller and Bestelmeyer
Authors: Kattan Gustavo H. , Aronson James , Murcia Carolina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe novel ecosystem (NE) concept has been presented as a new paradigm or framework for ecological restoration. However, NEs are imprecisely defined for any practical applications and are based on theory not evidence. Furthermore, the NE concept remains descriptive, rather than prescriptive, and offers no testable predictions for researchers or concrete management guidelines. Current restoration concepts and practice already admit various possibilities for dealing with ecosystems for which recovery to an historical trajectory or environmental variation range is not the best option. Nonanalog ecosystems are real, but we caution against overvaluation and the undesirable outcomes of a contagion phenomenon.
Genome Sequences of Nine Gram-Negative Vaginal Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Deitzler Grace E. , Ruiz Maria J. , Lu Wendy , Weimer Cory , Park SoEun , Robinson Lloyd S. , Hallsworth-Pepin Kymberlie , Wollam Aye , Mitreva Makedonka , Lewis Warren G. , Lewis Amanda L. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

The vagina is home to a wide variety of bacteria that have great potential to impact human health. Here, we announce reference strains (now available through BEI Resources) and draft genome sequences for 9 Gram-negative vaginal isolates from the taxa
Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Fusobacterium, Proteus
, and
Prevotella.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus cereus LCR12, a Plant Growth–Promoting Rhizobacterium Isolated from a Heavy Metal–Contaminated Environment
Authors: Egidi Eleonora , Wood Jennifer L. , Mathews Elizabeth , Fox Edward , Liu Wuxing , Franks Ashley E. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Bacillus cereus
LCR12 is a plant growth–promoting rhizobacterium, isolated from a heavy metal–contaminated environment. The 6.01-Mb annotated genome sequence provides the genetic basis for revealing its potential application to remediate contaminated soils in association with plants.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Endophytic Biocontrol Strain Bacillus velezensis CC09
Authors: Cai Xunchao , Kang Xingxing , Xi Huan , Liu Changhong , Xue Yarong 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Bacillus velezensis
is a heterotypic synonym of
B. methylotrophicus
,
B. amyloliquefaciens
subsp.
plantarum
, and
Bacillus oryzicola
, and has been used to control plant fungal diseases. In order to fully understand the genetic basis of antimicrobial capacities, we did a complete genome sequencing of the endophytic
B. velezensis
strain CC09
.
Genes tightly associated with biocontrol ability, including nonribosomal peptide synthetases, polyketide synthetases, iron acquisition, colonization, and volatile organic compound synthesis were identified in the genome.
Genome Sequence of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp.
similipneumoniae
MB373, an Effective Bioremediator
Authors: Aslam Fozia , Yasmin Azra , Thomas Torsten 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella quasipneumoniae
subsp.
similipneumoniae
MB373 was isolated from effluent of the Hattar Industrial Estate, Haripur, Pakistan.
K. quasipneumoniae
subsp.
similipneumoniae
has few cultivated/characterized members so far. Whole-genome sequencing revealed its potential for metal and toxin resistance, which further elucidated various enzymatic processes for the degradation of xenobiotics, illuminating its bioremediation applications.
Delayed discharges at a major arterial centre: a 4-month cross-sectional study at a single specialist vascular surgery ward
Authors: Houghton J S M , Urriza Rodriguez D , Weale A R , Brooks M J , Mitchell D C 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesDelayed discharges are a significant problem for the National Health Service. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and impact of delayed discharge at a single specialist vascular surgery ward.DesignA cross-sectional observational study.SettingA single specialist vascular unit in the UK during a 4-month study period (01/09/2014–31/12/2014).ParticipantsAll patients admitted to the ward during the study period were included. Patients spending ≥1 night on the ward once declared medically fit for discharge (MFFD) were prospectively identified and data prospectively collected. All other patients were identified retrospectively with data collected retrospectively from electronic records.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome was number of patients experiencing delayed discharge. Secondary outcome measures were length of stay, length of delay and cost of delay.ResultsThere were 268 admissions with a total length of stay (LoS) of 2776 days. 57 admissions (21.3%) experienced delayed discharges with a total 535 excess bed days (19.3% total LoS) once MFFD. Unplanned admission (relative risk 7.3 (95% CI 2.7 to 20.0; p<0.001)) and index amputation (relative risk 9.2 (95% CI 3.8 to 22.0; p<0.001)) were associated with increased risk of delayed discharge. There were significant differences in the length of delay by the reason for the delay (p=0.01). Delay due to the provision of social services and inpatient rehabilitation were associated with longer length of delay (post hoc analysis). Age was not independently associated with either increased risk of delayed discharge or length of delay.The total estimated cost of delayed discharges during the study period was £146 055.ConclusionsA significant number of vascular patients experience delayed discharge. MFFD vascular patients occupy a high proportion of vascular beds at considerable financial cost. Unplanned admissions, amputees and those delayed due to social services contributed most to delays. Closer integration with community health and social care providers may reduce delays.
Knowledge and practice of prostate cancer screening among general practitioners in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tun Firzara Abdul Malik , Ng Chirk Jenn 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveScreening for prostate cancer remains controversial. General practitioners (GPs) play an important role in assisting men to make an informed decision on prostate cancer screening. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice of prostate cancer screening among private GPs in Malaysia.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingPrivate general practices in Selangor, Malaysia.Participants311 randomly selected full-time private GPs were recruited between September 2013 and January 2014.Outcome measuresQuestionnaires were distributed to the GPs via postal mail and clinic visits. The main outcomes were: knowledge of prostate cancer risk factors and screening tests; GPs' prostate cancer screening practices; and factors influencing GPs' decision to screen for prostate cancer. Associations between covariates and propensity to screen for prostate cancer were determined using logistic regression.ResultsThe response rate was 65%. The proportion of GPs who overestimated the positive predictive values of prostrate-specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE) and a combination of PSA and DRE was 63%, 57% and 64%, respectively. About 49.5% of the respondents would routinely screen asymptomatic men for prostate cancer; of them, 94.9% would use PSA to screen. Male GPs who would consider having a PSA test performed on themselves were six times more likely to screen asymptomatic men than GPs who would not have the test (OR=6.88, 95% CI 1.40 to 33.73), after adjusting for age and duration of practice.ConclusionsGPs overestimated the accuracy of PSA in prostate cancer screening. Their intention to screen for prostate cancer themselves predicted their propensity to screen their patients for prostate cancer. This finding highlights the potential of using a new approach to change GPs' screening practices via addressing GPs' own screening behaviour.
Effect of modelling slum populations on influenza spread in Delhi
Authors: Chen Jiangzhuo , Chu Shuyu , Chungbaek Youngyun , Khan Maleq , Kuhlman Christopher , Marathe Achla , Mortveit Henning , Vullikanti Anil , Xie Dawen 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesThis research studies the impact of influenza epidemic in the slum and non-slum areas of Delhi, the National Capital Territory of India, by taking proper account of slum demographics and residents’ activities, using a highly resolved social contact network of the 13.8 million residents of Delhi.MethodsAn SEIR model is used to simulate the spread of influenza on two different synthetic social contact networks of Delhi, one where slums and non-slums are treated the same in terms of their demographics and daily sets of activities and the other, where slum and non-slum regions have different attributes.ResultsDifferences between the epidemic outcomes on the two networks are large. Time-to-peak infection is overestimated by several weeks, and the cumulative infection rate and peak infection rate are underestimated by 10–50%, when slum attributes are ignored.ConclusionsSlum populations have a significant effect on influenza transmission in urban areas. Improper specification of slums in large urban regions results in underestimation of infections in the entire population and hence will lead to misguided interventions by policy planners.
Video analysis of concussion injury mechanism in under-18 rugby
Authors: Hendricks Sharief , O'Connor Sam , Lambert Michael , Brown James C , Burger Nicholas , Mc Fie Sarah , Readhead Clint , Viljoen Wayne 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundUnderstanding the mechanism of injury is necessary for the development of effective injury prevention strategies. Video analysis of injuries provides valuable information on the playing situation and athlete-movement patterns, which can be used to formulate these strategies. Therefore, we conducted a video analysis of the mechanism of concussion injury in junior-level rugby union and compared it with a representative and matched non-injury sample.MethodsInjury reports for 18 concussion events were collected from the 2011 to 2013 under-18 Craven Week tournaments. Also, video footage was recorded for all 3 years. On the basis of the injury events, a representative ‘control’ sample of matched non-injury events in the same players was identified. The video footage, which had been recorded at each tournament, was then retrospectively analysed and coded. 10 injury events (5 tackle, 4 ruck, 1 aerial collision) and 83 non-injury events were analysed.ResultsAll concussions were a result of contact with an opponent and 60% of players were unaware of the impending contact. For the measurement ofhead position on contact, 43% had a ‘down’ position, 29% the ‘up and forward’ and 29% the ‘away’ position (n=7). The speed of the injured tackler was observed as ‘slow’ in 60% of injurious tackles (n=5). In 3 of the 4 rucks in which injury occurred (75%), the concussed player was acting defensively either in the capacity of ‘support’ (n=2) or as the ‘jackal’ (n=1).ConclusionsTraining interventions aimed at improving peripheral vision, strengthening of the cervical muscles, targeted conditioning programmes to reduce the effects of fatigue, and emphasising safe and effective playing techniques have the potential to reduce the risk of sustaining a concussion injury.
Patterns of sexual behaviour and sexual healthcare needs among transgender individuals in Melbourne, Australia, 2011–2014
Authors: Bellhouse Clare , Walker Sandra , Fairley Christopher K , Vodstrcil Lenka A , Bradshaw Catriona S , Chen Marcus Y , Chow Eric P F 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveLiterature surrounding the healthcare needs of transgender individuals is limited in Australia. This study aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics, risk behaviours and HIV/STI positivity among male-to-female (MTF) and female-to-male (FTM) transgender individuals attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC), Australia, between 2011 and 2014.MethodA retrospective cohort analysis for 133 transgender individuals was conducted based on the first visit of individuals to MSHC during the study period. Demographic characteristics, sexual behaviours and HIV/STI positivity were examined.ResultsThe majority of transgender individuals were single or never married (74%; n=99). Almost half of the individuals (47%; n=62) had ever engaged in sex work during their lifetime. The median number of male sexual partners (MSP) reported in the last 3 months was 1 (IQR: 1–2) and with female sexual partners (FSP) was 2 (IQR: 1–4). For those who reported having sexual partners in the previous 3 months, always using condoms with MSP was 31% (n=22), and that with FSP was 18% (n=2). HIV/STI positivity during the study period was 7% (n=8) for chlamydia, 5% (n=6) for gonorrhoea, 5% (n=5) for syphilis and 1% (n=1) for HIV. Hormone use for reassignment was reported by 63% (n=90) of individuals and reassignment surgery was reported by 27% (n=29+6=35).ConclusionsTransgender individuals in this study were found to be a diverse group, with a history of sex work being a common feature. These findings indicate that transgender individuals' sexual healthcare needs differ substantially from those in other countries, including the US and Canada. Attention to differences in MTF and FTM transgender persons must be considered in healthcare settings in Australia.