bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Admissions for antibiotic‐resistant infections in cancer patients during first year of cancer diagnosis: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Slavova‐Azmanova Neli , Haddow Livia , Hohnen Harry , Coombs Geoffrey , Robinson James O. , Ives Angela 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, linked Western Australian health data were used to determine presence of an antibiotic‐resistant infection (ABRI) for all people diagnosed with a primary invasive cancer in 2009. Of 10 858 cancer cases, 154 (1.42%) had an ABRI. Patients with an ABRI were older (71.5 vs 66 years), and more had died in the year following diagnosis (37.7 vs 20.2%, P < 0.001). The ABRI cohort had a higher proportion of colorectal, genitourinary and haematological cancers (19.5 vs 11.9%; 14.3 vs 9.7% and 16.9 vs 5.8%, respectively). Hospital admissions with an ABRI were longer (22.3 vs 2.9 days, P < 0.001) and had a higher proportion of unplanned admissions (60.3 vs 15.2%), admissions through emergency department (36.8 vs 8.3%) and intensive care admissions (14.9 vs 1.7%, P < 0.001). Patients with solid tumours who developed an ABRI were more likely to have received chemotherapy (35.9 vs 27.8%, P = 0.04). In haematological cancer patients, a greater proportion of the admissions with an ABRI occurred after radiation therapy or chemotherapy (P = 0.01 and P = 0.005, respectively). This study is the first to report population‐level data on ABRI in cancer patients. Patients with an ABRI had more hospital admissions and poorer outcomes.
The mechanisms shaping the repertoire of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Kraj Piotr , Ignatowicz Leszek 
Published: November 2017

SummaryRegulatory T (Treg) cells expressing Foxp3 transcription factor control homeostasis of the immune system, antigenic responses to commensal and pathogenic microbiota, and immune responses to self and tumour antigens. The Treg cells differentiate in the thymus, along with conventional CD4+ T cells, in processes of positive and negative selection. Another class of Treg cells is generated in peripheral tissues by inducing Foxp3 expression in conventional CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic stimulation. Both thymic and peripheral generation of Treg cells depends on recognition of peptide/MHC ligands by the T‐cell receptors (TCR) expressed on thymic Treg precursors or peripheral conventional CD4+ T cells. This review surveys reports describing how thymus Treg cell generation depends on the selecting peptide/MHC ligands and how this process impacts the TCR repertoire expressed by Treg cells. We also describe how Treg cells depend on sustained signalling through the TCR and how they are further regulated by Foxp3 enhancer sequences. Finally, we review the impact of microbiota‐derived antigens on the maintenance and functionality of the peripheral pool of Treg cells.
Exact identification of migrating ion species in scandium tungstate solid electrolyte
Authors: Imanaka Nobuhito , Nunotani Naoyoshi , Araki Ken‐ichiro , Yamane Megumi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Sc3+ ion migration in the scandium tungstate solid was qualitatively demonstrated. For clarifying the exact migrant quantitatively, modified Tubandt electrolysis was performed for the Sc2(WO4)3 solid. As a result of the strict compensation, that is, vaporization and adherence compensations, a weight increase at the cathodic side and a weight decrease at the anodic side were reproducibly observed after the electrolysis. In addition, the Sc concentration at the cathodic side was increased and a corresponding decrease at the anodic side was observed. Therefore, the Sc3+ ion conduction in the Sc2(WO4)3 solid was quantitatively demonstrated.
Supplementary choline attenuates olive oil lipid emulsion‐induced enterocyte apoptosis through suppression of CELF1/AIF pathway
Authors: Yan Jun‐Kai , Zhu Jie , Gong Zi‐Zhen , Wen Jie , Xiao Yong‐Tao , Zhang Tian , Cai Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEnterocyte apoptosis induced by lipid emulsions is a key cause of intestinal atrophy under total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support, and our previous work demonstrated that olive oil lipid emulsion (OOLE) could induce enterocyte apoptosis via CUGBP, Elav‐like family member 1 (CELF1)/ apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) pathway. As TPN‐associated complications are partially related to choline deficiency, we aimed to address whether choline supplementation could attenuate OOLE‐induced enterocyte apoptosis. Herein we present evidence that supplementary choline exhibits protective effect against OOLE‐induced enterocyte apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. In a rat model of TPN, substantial reduction in apoptotic rate along with decreased expression of CELF1 was observed when supplementary choline was added to OOLE. In cultured Caco‐2 cells, supplementary choline attenuated OOLE‐induced apoptosis and mitochondria dysfunction by suppressing CELF1/AIF pathway. Compared to OOLE alone, the expression of CELF1 and AIF was significantly decreased by supplementary choline, whereas the expression of Bcl‐2 was evidently increased. No obvious alterations were observed in Bax expression and caspase‐3 activation. Mechanistically, supplementary choline repressed the expression of CELF1 by increasing the recruitment of CELF1 mRNA to processing bodies, thus resulting in suppression of its protein translation. Taken together, our data suggest that supplementary choline exhibits effective protection against OOLE‐induced enterocyte apoptosis, and thus, it has the potential to be used for the prevention and treatment of TPN‐induced intestinal atrophy.
Production optimization in sausage industry based on the demand of the products
Authors: Polon Paulo Eduardo , Alves Abel F. , Olivo José Eduardo , Paraíso Paulo R. , Andrade Cid Marcos G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sausage production industry has recently had an increase in consumption. This led to the search for the most efficient use of available resources in order to achieve increased productivity, reduced costs, reliability in service, and reduce delivery times. In the sausage industry a wide variety of products is obtained, most of these products do not has an exclusive line, and therefore there is a competition for equipment and intermediate states. The manufactured products are usually perishable and it is recommended that production should not exceed the demand under the disadvantage of stocks generating and exceed the shelf life of the product. The objective of this work was the adaptation and use of a mathematical model of production scheduling to optimize the production of a sausage industry, from demand values for each product. The proposed approach treats the problem as mixed integer linear programming to represent the decisions involved and was solved with the GAMS software (Generic Algebraic Modeling System). The developed model was applied to the problem of production scheduling with actual operational data from a regional industry. The results of the application of the model with data collected in the industry were an increase of the total production of the plant in the range of 20%. and has shown its capacity to generate better results than the production results presented by industry. Therefore, the result of the model presented here can assist in making the production scheduling decisions in the sausage industry.Practical applicationsThe objective of the work was to maximize the production of the products taking into account the demand of each of them avoiding the formation of stocks due to the useful life of the products. For this, we use a mathematic model adapted to the sausage industry that operates in batch. The production scheduling was done in a single campaign mode for weekly production in the industry and short‐term production planning was done to produce the stocks of intermediate products needed at the beginning of the campaign. The results presented in the Gantt tables can be used on the factory floor. The results of the application of the model with data collected in the industry were an increase of the total production of the plant in the range of 20%.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance‐Dependent Domestic Violence Offenders: An Integrated Substance Abuse‐Domestic Violence Treatment Approach (SADV)
Authors: Easton Caroline J. , Crane Cory A. , Mandel Dolores 
Published: November 2017

The current study evaluates a therapy for substance‐dependent perpetrators of partner violence. Sixty‐three males arrested for partner violence within the past year were randomized to a cognitive behavioral substance abuse‐domestic violence (SADV; n = 29) or a drug counseling (DC; n = 34) condition. Seventy percent of offenders completed eight core sessions with no differences between SADV and DC conditions in the amount of substance or aggression at pretreatment. SADV participants had fewer cocaine‐positive toxicology screens and breathalyzer results during treatment, were less likely to engage in aggressive behavior proximal to a drinking episode, and reported fewer episodes of violence than DC participants at posttreatment follow‐up. SADV shows promise in decreasing addiction and partner violence among substance‐dependent male offenders.
Oral medication prescription practices of tertiary‐based specialists for dystonia in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Harvey Adrienne , Reddihough Dinah , Scheinberg Adam , Williams Katrina 
Published: November 2017

AimTo examine current clinical practice for prescribing medications for children with dystonic cerebral palsy (CP) by medical doctors working at a tertiary care centre.MethodsRehabilitation and developmental paediatric specialists completed: (i) a custom‐designed online cross‐sectional survey capturing their usual prescribing patterns; and (ii) one‐page questionnaires detailing medication prescription for each child with CP who they started on a new medication for dystonia over a 12‐month period.ResultsEleven participating doctors ranged in experience in managing children with CP from less than 5 years to more than 20 years. The cross‐sectional survey showed that most doctors used more than one medication, with six making choices taking into account four or more different medications. Oral baclofen was used by all doctors and was the first choice of 10 of 11. Prospective surveys from 57 children showed that medication was prescribed mainly for children aged 3–10 years (n = 35/57), classified within Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V (n = 40/57) and with a mixed movement disorder (n = 38/57). Gabapentin and baclofen were the most frequently prescribed (n = 21/57 and 19/57, respectively), with other drugs used less frequently. Dosage regimens varied between and within doctors, particularly for the use of gabapentin and diazepam.ConclusionsOral medication prescribing practices varied among doctors managing children with dystonic CP at a tertiary care hospital, particularly with respect to dosing. There is a need for clinical guidelines for medication prescription to be developed based on best evidence and consensus by clinical experts.
Variation in aggressiveness components of Zymoseptoria tritici populations in Iran
Authors: Abrinbana Masoud 
Published: November 2017

AbstractZymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch, has emerged and evolved as a pathogen on wheat in the Fertile Crescent. Iran is located in this region, and study on the ancient pathogen populations in the country can improve our understanding on adaptive potential of aggressiveness, the role of local adaptation in shaping population structure and the involvement of selection and genetic drift in favouring aggressiveness adaptation to environments. To this aim, three aggressiveness components including days until first lesion (DUFL), days until first pycnidia (DUFP) and percentage of leaf area covered by pycnidia, in five populations of the pathogen collected from different provinces of Iran were compared in greenhouse conditions. All populations except for Golestan showed high within‐population diversity for the examined traits. No difference in aggressiveness components was found between fungal collections from Khuzestan and Fars; however, significant variation was evident among the populations originated from other provinces. Comparisons of estimated QST values to FST indicated that genetic differentiation in pycnidial coverage has been the result of selection imposed by different variables; however, the divergence found for DUFL and DUFP has been achieved by genetic drift. The possible mechanisms involved in aggressiveness diversity of the pathogen populations and the impact of these findings on breeding programs for quantitative resistance are discussed.
Heterologous expression and periplasmic secretion of an antifungal Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBLB369 endo‐β‐1,3‐1,4‐glucanase in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zalila‐Kolsi Imen , Sellami Sameh , Tounsi Slim , Jamoussi Kaïs 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe endo‐β‐1,3‐1,4‐glucanases are glycoside hydrolases involved in the enzymatic depolymerization of 1,3‐1,4 β‐glucans and showed an antifungal activity against some fungi. Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBLB369 has a high antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Its glu369 full‐coding sequence of the endo‐β‐1,3‐1,4‐glucanase gene (732 bp) was sequenced, cloned and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli Top10. The encoded protein (243 amino acids) has a calculated molecular mass of 27.3 kDa. To simplify the purification procedure, the glu369 coding sequence was cloned into the vector pKJD4. The produced OmpA‐His‐Glu369 harboured OmpA signal sequence for E. coli periplasmic localization and followed by a 6His residues for its purification. The purified His‐tagged proteins revealed two bands on SDS‐PAGE analysis with molecular masses of about 30.5 (His‐Glu369) and 32.5 kDa (OmpA‐His‐Glu369). They had the ability to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata. These favourable properties make the endo‐β‐1,3‐1,4‐glucanase a good candidate for biotechnological applications.
The physiological characteristics and associated gene expression of sugar cane inoculated with Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli
Authors: Zhu Kai , Yuan Dan , Zhang Xiao‐Qiu , Yang Li‐Tao , Li Yang‐Rui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRatoon stunt is a very important disease affecting sugar cane that is caused by the bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx). We inoculated cuttings of the sugar cane varieties Badila and GT11 with Lxx to investigate the effects of this disease on their growth, physiological characteristics and associated gene differential expression, sampling after 150, 180 and 210 days following treatment. In addition, to further explore the colonization of this bacterium at transcription and translation levels, we designed a number of primers from the sequence of an Lxx‐specific gene and performed quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) for Lxx18460 to detect accumulation in plants. Total proteins from diseased plants were detected using Western blotting with an Lxx‐specific gene monoclonal antibody. The results of this study show that bacterial levels gradually increased with plant growth following inoculation. Specifically, plant height, stalk diameter, single stalk weight and water potential all decreased as a result of ratoon stunt infection, while membrane permeability and amino acid content increased in Lxx‐infected plants compared to the control. The expression of PAL, ZFP and NBS‐LRR genes all also increased in plants subject to ratoon stunt stress; this result suggests that these genes are involved in sugar cane responses to Lxx infection.
US Health Care Reform and Rural America: Results From the ACA's Medicaid Expansions
Authors: Benitez Joseph A. , Seiber Eric E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeMedicaid expansions, prompted by the Affordable Care Act, generated generally positive effects on coverage and alleviated much of the financial burden associated with seeking health care. We do not know if these shifts also extend to the nation's rural populations.MethodsUsing 2011‐2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, this study compares trend changes for coverage, access to care, and health care utilization in response to Medicaid expansion among urban and rural residents using a difference‐in‐differences regression approach.FindingsFollowing Medicaid expansion, low‐income rural and urban residents both experienced reductions in uninsurance; however, the coverage uptake in rural settings (8.5 percentage points [pp], P < .01) was much larger than the uptake in coverage in more urban settings (4.1 pp, P > .10). In spite of larger uptakes in coverage among rural residents, reductions in cost‐related barriers to medical care were slightly larger among urban residents, and access to a regular source of medical care (5.2 pp, P < .05) and doctor visitation (4.5 pp, P < .01) were only statistically significant among urban residents.ConclusionsThe ACA Medicaid expansions produced larger gains in coverage for rural residents than urban residents; however, it appears there remain opportunities to improve access to care among potentially vulnerable rural residents.
Canine GM2‐Gangliosidosis Sandhoff Disease Associated with a 3‐Base Pair Deletion in the HEXB Gene
Authors: Wang P. , Henthorn P.S. , Galban E. , Lin G. , Takedai T. , Casal M. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundGM2‐gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by deficiency of either β‐hexosaminidase A (Hex‐A) and β‐hexosaminidase B (Hex‐B) together, or the GM2 activator protein. Clinical signs can be variable and are not pathognomonic for the specific, causal deficiency.ObjectivesTo characterize the phenotype and genotype of GM2‐gangliosidosis disease in an affected dog.AnimalsOne affected Shiba Inu and a clinically healthy dog.MethodsClinical and neurologic evaluation, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), assays of lysosomal enzyme activities, and sequencing of all coding regions of HEXA, HEXB, and GM2A genes.ResultsA 14‐month‐old, female Shiba Inu presented with clinical signs resembling GM2‐gangliosidosis in humans and GM1‐gangliosidosis in the Shiba Inu. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the dog's brain indicated neurodegenerative disease, and evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified storage granules in leukocytes. Lysosomal enzyme assays of plasma and leukocytes showed deficiencies of Hex‐A and Hex‐B activities in both tissues. Genetic analysis identified a homozygous, 3‐base pair deletion in the HEXB gene (c.618‐620delCCT).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinical, biochemical, and molecular features are characterized in a Shiba Inu with GM2‐gangliosidosis. The deletion of 3 adjacent base pairs in HEXB predicts the loss of a leucine residue at amino acid position 207 (p.Leu207del) supporting the hypothesis that GM2‐gangliosidosis seen in this dog is the Sandhoff type. Because GM1‐gangliosidosis also exists in this breed with almost identical clinical signs, genetic testing for both GM1‐ and GM2‐gangliosidosis should be considered to make a definitive diagnosis.
Regulation of genome‐wide DNA methylation by mobile small RNAs
Authors: Tamiru Muluneh , Hardcastle Thomas J. , Lewsey Mathew G. 
Published: November 2017

Contents

Summary
540

I.
Introduction
540

II.
There are different types of sRNA mobility
541

III.
Mechanisms of sRNA movement
541

IV.
Long‐distance, shoot–root, mobile siRNAs influence DNA methylation in recipient tissues
541

V.
Classes of interactions between shoot–root mobile siRNAs and DNA methylation
542

VI.
Loci targeted directly and indirectly by shoot–root mobile siRNAs are associated with different histone modifications
543

VII.
Is mobile siRNA‐regulated DNA methylation important in specific tissues or under specific conditions?
543

VIII.
Mobile sRNAs can be used to modify plant traits
544

IX.
Conclusions
544

Acknowledgements
544

References
544

SummaryRNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) at cytosine residues regulates gene expression, silences transposable elements and influences genome stability. The mechanisms responsible for RdDM are guided to target loci by small RNAs (sRNAs) that can move within plants cell to cell and long distance. Here we discuss recent advances in the understanding of interactions between mobile sRNAs and DNA methylation. We describe the mechanisms of sRNA movement, the differences between known classes of mobile sRNA–DNA methylation interactions and the limits of current knowledge. Finally, we discuss potential applications of mobile sRNAs in modifying plant traits.
Land use change model based on bee colony optimization, Markov chain and a neighborhood decay cellular automata
Authors: ZiaeeVafaeyan Hilda , Moattar Mohammad Hossein , Forghani Yahya 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study provides a model for the assessment of land use/cover change (LUCC) process in the district 9th of Mashhad, Iran, during 1986–1996. The problem is of high importance due to the rapid development and growth of the city both in size and population. However, the model is applicable for other cities, especially in developing countries. In this model, bee colony optimization (BCO) and cellular automata (CA) are used to manage the spatial distribution of land uses and Markov chain (MC) is applied to model the amount of land use changes. In addition, due to the importance of the cellular neighborhood in CA, a function was added to the model to take the role of neighborhood into consideration. By comparing the simulated map of 1996 with the actual one and by measuring the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient, it is concluded that the model is suitable to simulate LUCC. The proposed model is compared with the BCO‐CA model. The results of comparisons illustrated that the proposed BCO‐MC‐NDCA model outperforms the BCO‐CA model in forecasting the spatial distribution and the amount of land use changes in the studied area. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient, compared with those of the BCO‐CA model, were improved by 7.64% and 0.11, respectively.Recommendations for Resource ManagersBCO algorithm is presented in this paper for rule learning in the CA framework to model LUCC. In addition, Markov chain is applied to measure and control the amount of land use conversions. Furthermore, a function of neighboring effect is added to take advantage of the distance between cells in LUCC modeling. The experiments showed that the proposed approach is effective in predicting urban changes. The following implications could be realized based on the observations:

While CA is a good model for cell conversion in urban maps, integrating that with MC could result in a more precise prediction of land use conversion.
Since the neighboring cells are in close relation with each other, use of a neighboring decay effect, as a key factor for managers, is suggested to improve the predictions and decisions, significantly.