bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power Analysis Provides Bounds for Genetic Architecture and Insights to Challenges for Rare Variant Association Studies
Authors: Derkach Andriy , Zhang Haoyu , Chatterjee Nilanjan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGenome-wide association studies are now shifting focus from analysis of common to uncommon and rare variants with an anticipation to explain additional heritability of complex traits. As power for association testing for individual rare variants may often be low, various aggregate level association tests have been proposed to detect genetic loci that may contain clusters of susceptibility variants. Typically, power calculations for such tests require specification of large number of parameters, including effect sizes and allele frequencies of individual variants, making them difficult to use in practice. In this report, we approximate power to varying degree of accuracy using a smaller number of key parameters, including the total genetic variance explained by multiple variants within a locus. We perform extensive simulation studies to assess the accuracy of the proposed approximations in realistic settings. Using the simplified power calculation methods, we then develop an analytic framework to obtain bounds on genetic architecture of an underlying trait given results from a genome-wide study and observe important implications for the completely lack of or limited number of findings in many currently reported studies. Finally, we provide insights into the required quality of annotation/functional information for identification of likely causal variants to make meaningful improvement in power of subsequent association tests. A shiny application,Power Analysis for GEnetic AssociatioN Tests (PAGEANT), in R implementing the methods is made publicly available.
The influence of risk on the equity share of build-operate-transfer projects
Authors: De Marco Alberto , Mangano Giulio , Narbaev Timur 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the crucial influence of risks on the capital structure of build-operate-transfer (BOT) projects.

Design/methodology/approach
The equity portion of capital injected in a BOT investment is selected as the response variable and its relation with select identified risk factors is examined using a regression analysis on a data set of BOT projects.

Findings
Results have pointed out that the level of equity is significantly influenced by several sources of risk. Country, revenue, project and special purpose vehicle-related risks have been shown to have an impact on the size of the equity share of a BOT investment.

Research limitations/implications
The results could support both investors and lenders to better define the financial leverage of BOT projects. In particular, the study could help to have a better understanding of the main factors that influence the equity apportion of capital in BOT investments.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to fulfilling the lack of works addressing the relationship between risk factors and capital structure in BOT projects. In this way, this research leads to a better understanding of the risk factors that influence the capital structure of BOT project and they have therefore been proposed as a base for the establishment of improved methods to design refined capital structures in BOT projects.
Integrated solutions for total asset management through “RIVANS”
Authors: Smyth Hedley , Anvuur Aaron M. , Kusuma Illona 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Examine the extent of integration in delivering value from design and construction (DC) activities for total asset management (TAM) and operations post-completion. DC and operations and management (OM) are both addressed. The problem owners are those in roles and organisations responsible for integrating DC with OM. The purpose of this paper is to show the extent of integration between actors along the project lifecycle. Relationally integrated value networks (RIVANS) provide the conceptual lens for the analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed method approach was used. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were employed.

Findings
There is a lack of engagement between DC and OM. The trend is moving counter to integration. BIM is not found to be a technical solution.

Research limitations/implications
The mixed method helps extend the RIVANS perspective. Further research to understand and support integration is needed, especially qualitative research to provide greater granular understanding.

Practical implications
The identified trend away from integration poses management challenges in delivery and for sustainability in use. Supply chains engage specialists, yet internal and inter-organisational collaboration require management attention to value creation. This includes the DC-OM interface. Both sides can benefit from increased engagement.

Social implications
Infrastructure and property provision will continue to fall short of user and environmental functionality without improved integration.

Originality/value
A contribution to the project and asset management interface is made, showing low integration, disengaged asset management. BIM is unable to plug the gaps. The RIVANS analytical lens provides a perspective for improvement.
Fundamental studies on tribolayers created by lubricating pastes with new additive packages
Authors: Busch Christian , Weber Simon , Schneider Reinhardt 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper, an R&D project, is to select Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)-unclassified white solid lubricants for formulating special lubricating oils, greases and pastes to prevent tribological systems against fretting wear.

Design/methodology/approach
The scientific methodology reads as follows: market research to select appropriate additives according to the purpose of the R&D project; screening tests to determine the technical performance of the additives; advanced technical studies and tests to validate the technical performance of the lubricating additives; determination of the reaction layers; and clarification of the build-up mechanism of the reaction layers (practical tests).

Findings
The findings of the R&D project can be summarized as follows: the selected white solid lubricants perform in lubricating oils, greases and pastes highly effective against fretting wear. The performance could be shown on the basis of representative test results and highlights its advantages compared to the state of the art.

Research limitations/implications
The research team faced some challenges during the R&D project – the unsuitability of standard test measurements as well as DIN, ISO and ASTM test parameters led to limitations and increased effort.

Originality/value
The motivation and main target to conduct the R&D project was to increase the consumer and operator safety by using unclassified (GHS) high performance lubricants. The findings of the project show clearly that the tasks could be fulfilled. Special, unclassified (GHS) selected white solid lubricants are able to form a reaction layer on metal surfaces and separate effectively the surfaces within the tribological system. No fretting wear accrued. The consumer can gain substantial benefits on the economical side as well as on the ecological side.
Destabilization of lubrication oil micropool under charged conditions
Authors: Xie Guoxin , Cui Ziyi , Si Lina , Guo Dan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce a series of experimental results which are the extension of our previous novel observations (Xie et al., Soft Matter, 2011), which could be helpful for revealing the lubrication failure mechanism in bearings when they are exposed to an electrical environment.

Design/methodology/approach
An experimental apparatus where a ball was in contact with a glass disk coated with a semi-reflective chromium layer. A small volume of oil droplet was put into the microgap of the ball-disk contact. Then, a potential was applied onto the oil micropool formed by the droplet surrounding the contact region.

Findings
It has been found that destabilization of the low-conducting oil micropool around the contact region could be induced after applying a potential. Thin oil films could be drained out of the oil pool and spread on the tribopair surfaces, resulting in the depletion of the oil pool. When the applied potential was increased, the occurrence of spreading would be easier and its development would be more obvious. In contrast, the electrospreading behavior would be suppressed when the oil viscosity, contact load and oil pool size were increased. Thermocapillary force due to thermal effect as a result of the current flow near the oil pool border has been proposed as the main driving force for the spreading behavior. The influences of the operating parameters have been ascribed to the change of the electric current near the oil pool border as well as the corresponding variations in the temperature rise and the surface tension of the oil pool.

Originality/value
This is the first study to directly observe that the lubricant oil micropool around the contact region could deplete after applying a potential, potentially resulting in oil starvation in the contact region.
Friction characteristics of hybrid magnesium alloy composites reinforced with carbon nanotube and cerium
Authors: Sari Fatma Nazli , Karamis Mehmet Baki , Kaya Yahya 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The paper aims to clarify the hybrid Mg alloy composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and Cerium (Ce) rare earth element tribological properties were investigated by using pin-on-disk test configuration under dry and lubricated sliding conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper opted for an experimental study with composite samples under lubricated conditions. Their tribological properties were investigated by using pin-on-disk test configuration under dry and lubricated sliding conditions. Wear tests were carried out at 20°C temperature. Wear behavior of Mg alloy composites was evaluated as maximum coefficient of friction and the variation of the maximum frictional forces of the samples.

Findings
The reinforcements such as Ce and MWCNT have a decreasing effect between 100 and 200 rpm speed tests for friction coefficient and friction force of Mg alloy. The microstructure has an important effect on the wear mechanism. There can be both adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism for the same composite at different sliding speeds. It is determined that there is no systematic relationship between reinforcement percent and sliding speed related to wear behavior of AZ 41 matrix composites reinforced with CNT and Ce. The results indicate that different wear mechanisms occur at different sliding speeds. The sliding speed has effect on both an increment and decrement for wear.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the different reinforced composite samples further.

Practical implications
The paper includes implications for the development of a hybrid composite reinforced with rare earth elements and MWCNT.

Originality/value
This paper fulfils an identified need to study a hybrid composite reinforced with rare earth elements and MWCNT.
Doctoring the ball
Authors: Daude Christian , Gutierrez Hamlet , Melguizo Angel 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Tax incentives can be a useful tool to stimulate investment in developing countries. However, interest groups often are able to exert considerable influence in its management, if not its design. The purpose of this paper is to use a power-based approach to the political economy of tax reform to analyse the case of tax incentives for investment in the Dominican Republic. Based on original interviews and a detailed analysis of regulations, the authors study how interest groups work within the institutional framework to seek outcomes that best fit their objectives. However, when unsuccessful, they become powerful advocates of change. These power dynamics have important implications for the design and management of tax incentives in the Dominican Republic and in other developing economies.

Design/methodology/approach
Case study based on informed interviews with policy makers, lobbyists and researchers combined with statistical and administrative information to test the main hypotheses.

Findings
While the role of influence groups in creating tax schemes has been widely studied, the authors show that these groups can also have an important role in the administration of the regime and making it more or less open to modifications. The paper shows that the capture of investment incentives has rendered the tax system rigid and unstable in the Dominican Republic, subjecting the public interest hostage to the gain of few.

Research limitations/implications
Therefore, there is a need to review and reform tax policy, not just from a technical viewpoint, but more importantly altering the political arrangements. More transparency in assessing the impact of these schemes, disclosing information of who has access to tax exemptions and budgeting the tax expenditures can also be tools to increase public control over these instruments. Also, making it more difficult to grant tax incentives, for example by asking for an ex-ante justification and quantification of the externalities supposedly being created would reduce the abuse by power groups of these instruments. Without more balanced and independent leadership, it would be extremely difficult to advance in these fields.

Originality/value
The literature on the political economy of tax incentives normally focuses on how key actors work around the institutional framework to solve conflict of interests. This paper addresses a complementary – and in the viewpoint equally relevant – aspect of the political economy of tax incentives: once enacted, vested interests have a particular motivation to keep the incentives in place, and therefore the authors should understand how key actors work from within the institutional framework to seek the outcomes that better suit their interests. The analysis focuses on Dominican Republic, based on official data and additional in-depth interviews with policy makers, entrepreneurs and consultants that assist firms with tax and regulation issues.
Contagion across exchange rates
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Christou Christina 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate contagion across eight major exchange rates by providing more information on the role of information spillovers.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical analysis makes use of two methodologies that capture channels of contagion. Such methodologies explicitly consider information spillovers characterized by the response of currency markets to real-time macroeconomic surprises, i.e., divergences between expectations and realizations.

Findings
The empirical findings denote the presence of contagion effects, originating from information spillovers.

Practical implications
The empirical findings provide insight about how to derive appropriate policy responses, which are crucial for policymakers to understand the source and nature of such exposures, while this insight might have some bearing with respect to the choice of an exchange-rate regime. The results from this paper may also have implications for investors in relevance to portfolio re-balancing and the construction of optimal portfolio diversification strategies.

Originality/value
This is the first empirical attempt that explores the role of informational spillovers in exchange rate markets and also explores the employment of advanced econometric methodologies to satisfy the above research goal.
Bribery: cost of doing business in Africa
Authors: Adeyeye Adefolake 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of foreign bribery and perceptions that bribery is just a cost of doing business in Africa in light of recent reports and developments in the global attempt to curb bribery and corruption.

Design/methodology/approach
The research relied on primary data from anti-corruption legislation, surveys and monitoring reports and secondary data from publicly available information, journal articles and media reports to analyse recent developments in the fight against corruption with a special focus on Africa.

Findings
The research findings and analysis suggest that foreign bribery, which is illegal but largely carried out with impunity and perceived as a just a cost of doing business in Africa, has heavy costs on developing nations and on corporations and individuals that are prosecuted. Although much has been done to curb corruption, it seems active enforcement takes place in only a limited number of countries. There is still the need for enhanced enforcement by nations, increased societal awareness of effective measures against corruption and improved corporate compliance and responsibility.

Originality/value
The paper contributes practical insights into improvements and lapses in the fight against foreign bribery and corruption. Using recent and relevant analysis, the paper revisits the resilience of bribery and corruption in spite of increased anti-corruption actions and the need for multiple and varied measures. The information provided will be useful for governments, corporations and civil society in the fight against corruption, which requires constant multilateral action and examination.
Reporting behaviors of identity theft victims: an empirical test of Black’s theory of law
Authors: Golladay Katelyn A. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to examine factors that influence the decision to report by victims of identity theft victimization. The study of victim decision-making is not new within the field of criminology; however, a majority of the research has focused on decision-making surrounding victims of intimate partner violence and other violent offenses. With the increase of identity theft, knowledge on how a growth in such a crime influences victims is of great concern.Design/methodology/approachGuided by Donald Black’s theory of the behavior of law, this study will use the 2012 Identity Theft Supplement of the National Crime Victimization Survey to identify factors that influence whether victims of identity theft report the crime to credit agencies and/or authorities.FindingsThis study finds that measures that influence reporting behaviors differ based on the method of reporting (i.e. reporting to a credit card company, law enforcement or a credit bureau). These findings provide little support for Black’s theory of law, but have several theoretical and policy implications.Originality/valueThis study provides a partial test of Black’s theory of law, as it applies to identity theft victims. While providing little support for the theory, the findings identify many areas that agencies and researchers can use to help further inform their studies and practices.
Anti-bribery laws – compliance issues in Australia
Authors: Latimer Paul 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the scope of the legal responses to bribery and particularly foreign bribery in the global context. It identifies the corrosive effect of bribery and its negative effect on the economy, before turning to Australia’s mixed response to foreign bribery.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is theoretical in nature as a review of policy, and the literature has been the main method used for analysis. Given the increasingly transnational and organised nature of foreign bribery, this paper adopts a comparative approach using Australia as the home base with some comparisons with the UK and the USA.

Findings
This paper finds that Australia’s response to foreign bribery is improving from a low base, and that this is recognised by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Further improvement could be expected if there were strong government leadership and coordination of law enforcement authorities, including the police, corporate regulators and corruption authorities at the Commonwealth, state and territory levels. This paper acknowledges the work of Australia’s unfinished Senate Foreign Bribery Inquiry, which is due to report by 30 June 2017.

Practical implications
This paper revisits the debate on bribery and the response of law enforcement, highlighting the importance of effective and coordinated law enforcement. The paper will provide background for those analysing the issues with foreign bribery and the solutions for law enforcement.

Originality/value
The paper enables the reader to gain insights into the problems and causes and effects of foreign bribery. It is hoped that this paper will contribute to, and facilitate, further analysis of the most effective way to deal with bribery and the legal response.
The role of compliance in Italian banking system
Authors: Vanni Domitilla 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the role of compliance in Italian banking system and to verify its efficiency in terms of protection of stability and credibility of financial institutions, comparing solutions adopted in other European countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The research uses a comparative approach by examining the different solutions adopted in other European countries for finding analogies and differences between them.

Findings
The research has discovered a smaller development of Compliance Function in Italian banks, whose compliance risk frameworks are often still in an experimental stage rather than in other systems banks.

Research limitations/implications
A uniform model in the structure of financial institutions can be adopted to enforce the effectiveness of national regulations.

Practical implications
To ensure the independence and effectiveness of the Compliance Function, the financial institutions, especially the Italian ones, must pay great attention to the essential elements for good practices, such as a clearly defined apportionment of responsibilities and unambiguous reporting.

Social implications
The compliance culture must successfully reinforce itself in Italian firms, and for this purpose, it is necessary to persuade senior management that compliance is not a cost that should be minimized.

Originality/value
The Italian regulatory framework concerning the Compliance Function has represented a challenge for the banking industry, which should undergo a reorganization process focused on a different way of allocating responsibilities, so different solutions to the problem can be found by national legislators who need to be coordinated at an international level.
The psychology quadrant: an outcome measure based on the START risk assessment
Authors: Gill Matthew John , Brookes Samantha 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a psychological outcome tool which reflects the relationship between clusters of items on the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) risk assessment and different categories of psychological progress in male inpatient psychiatric services.

Design/methodology/approach
A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on data from 135 male psychiatric rehabilitation patients’ START risk assessments.

Findings
PCA identified four strength psychology quadrants which were explained by a five-factor structure and four vulnerability quadrants which were explained by a four-factor structure. The development of the psychology quadrant, its usefulness in establishing a treatment pathway and areas of future research are also discussed.

Originality/value
Developing accessible, transparent outcome measures using evidence-based practice is highly relevant within the field of mental health rehabilitation.