bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and surgery for stress urinary incontinence: A FIGO working group report
Authors: Medina Carlos A. , Costantini Elisabetta , Petri Eckhard , Mourad Sherif , Singla Ajay , Rodríguez‐Colorado Silvia , Ortiz Oscar Contreras , Doumouchtsis Stergios K. 
Published: March 2016

AimsTo review available evidence regarding evaluation and treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and provide recommendations for management of urinary incontinence under specific conditions determined by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Working Group.MethodsThe FIGO Working Group discussed the management of SUI during meetings and assessed the evidence. The search of evidence was performed using MEDLINE® and Cochrane databases as well as additional searches from societies and major organizations for additional guidelines and recommendations and hand searches from bibliographies. Initial searches from 1985 to December 31, 2012 extended until July 15, 2015. After review, recommendations are made based on levels of evidence according to the recommendations from Oxford EBM Center.ResultsInitial evaluation of SUI consists of history and physical examination; cough stress test, evaluation for urinary tract infections (UTI), assessment of urethral mobility, and post‐void residual volumes (LOE 5). Urodynamic studies are not necessary to evaluate patients with uncomplicated SUI (LOE 1a). Conservative treatment should be tried prior to surgery and more importantly in areas of low resources (LOE 5). Midurethral slings (MUS), pubovaginal (traditional suburethral) slings (PVS), and Burch colposuspension are effective in treating SUI (LOE 1a). Patients with SUI with ISD or UUI appear to have lower cure rates than patients without (LOE 2‐4). There are limited data on surgical outcomes under limited resources (LOE 5).ConclusionsMUS, PVS, and Burch colposuspension are effective treatments for SUI. Evidence for recommendations to treat patients in underserved low resource areas is lacking. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:518–528, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rational Design of Dual Active Sites in a Single Protein Scaffold: A Case Study of Heme Protein in Myoglobin
Authors: Shu Xiao‐Gang , Su Ji‐Hu , Du Ke‐Jie , You Yong , Gao Shu‐Qin , Wen Ge‐Bo , Tan Xiangshi , Lin Ying‐Wu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRational protein design has been proven to be a powerful tool for creating functional artificial proteins. Although many artificial metalloproteins with a single active site have been successfully created, those with dual active sites in a single protein scaffold are still relatively rare. In this study, we rationally designed dual active sites in a single heme protein scaffold, myoglobin (Mb), by retaining the native heme site and creating a copper‐binding site remotely through a single mutation of Arg118 to His or Met. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies confirmed that a copper‐binding site of [3‐His] or [2‐His‐1‐Met] motif was successfully created in the single mutant of R118H Mb and R118M Mb, respectively. UV/Vis kinetic spectroscopy and EPR studies further revealed that both the heme site and the designed copper site exhibited nitrite reductase activity. This study presents a new example for rational protein design with multiple active sites in a single protein scaffold, which also lays the groundwork for further investigation of the structure and function relationship of heme/non‐heme proteins.
Comparison of Physical, Thermal, and Thermomechanical Properties of Cotton/Epoxy Composite and Cotton/Vinyl Ester Composite Inhibitors
Authors: Shahedifar Vahideh , Masoud Rezadoust Amir , Amiri Amraei Iraj 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe inhibition of a double‐base solid propellant is used to control and prevent the burning degree of the exposed area, which is due to longer burning time. In recent years, inhibition with cellulose derivatives has become popular, but these monolithic systems usually suffer from the drawback of a high erosion rate and demand high thickness and low burning time. In this research two composite inhibitors based on natural fibers were manufactured by filament winding technique and their physical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties were compared. In addition, a chlorinated flame retardant (CFR) as well as antimony trioxide were added in inhibitor compositions to control their burning processes. It was found that the cotton/epoxy composite inhibitor displays a compatible thermal expansion coefficient with the propellant and a high amount of residual char compared to cotton/vinyl ester composite. Also, it was understood that the moisture absorption resistance and thermal stability, i.e., initial decomposition temperature of cotton/vinyl ester specimen were better than cotton/epoxy specimen. Furthermore, density and the flame retardant performance of both composite inhibitors were similar. Additionally, the tan(δ) value obtained for cotton/epoxy composite was higher than that of cotton/vinyl ester composite indicating its good dissipation of vibrational energy.
Synthesis and Interfacial Adhesion Interaction of Borate Ester Bonding Agents Used for HTPB Propellants
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Long , Liu Miao‐E , Liu Wen‐Zhao , Deng Jian‐Ru 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe external monomers N‐methyl‐N,N‐diethanolamine, N‐butyl‐N,N‐diethanolamine, N‐(2‐cyanoethyl) diethanolamine, and N,N‐dihydroxyl‐3‐aminmethyl propionate were synthesized by modification of diethanolamine to evaluate the effects of external monomer molecular structure on the interfacial interactions of borate ester bonding agent (BEBA) applied in four‐component hydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellants. The compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. A series of BEBAs were synthesized using the as‐synthesized external monomers as well as diethanolamine. The interfacial interactions are evaluated using thermodynamic methods including acid‐base interaction enthalpy and wetting theory among the components in HTPB propellants. The experimental results indicate that the addition of BEBA‐3 prepared from N‐(2‐cyanoethyl) diethanolamine can significantly improve the interaction ethalpies and surface properties of the components in HTPB propellants. The results from the mechanical properties testing and SEM observations are in accordance with the results from the thermodynamic analysis of the interfacial adhesion interactions.
High‐throughput collagen fingerprinting of intact microfaunal remains; a low‐cost method for distinguishing between murine rodent bones
Authors: Buckley Mike , Gu Muxin , Shameer Sanu , Patel Soyab , Chamberlain Andrew T. 
Published: March 2016

RationaleMicrofaunal skeletal remains can be sensitive indicators of the contemporary ecosystem in which they are sampled and are often recovered in owl pellets in large numbers. Species identification of these remains can be obtained using a range of morphological criteria established for particular skeletal elements, but typically dominated by a reliance on cranial characters. However, this can induce biases under different environmental and taphonomic conditions. The aim of this research was to develop a high‐throughput method of objectively identifying rodent remains from archaeological deposits using collagen fingerprinting, most notably the identification of rats from other myomorph rodents as a means to identify disturbances in the archaeofauna through the presence of invasive taxa not contemporary with the archaeological deposits.MethodsCollagen was extracted from complete microfaunal skeletal remains in such a manner as to leave the bones morphologically intact (i.e., weaker concentration of acid than previously used over shorter length of time). Acid‐soluble collagen was then ultrafiltered into ammonium bicarbonate and digested with trypsin prior to dilution in the MALDI matrix and acquisition of peptide mass fingerprints using a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometer.ResultsCollagen fingerprinting was able to distinguish between Rattus, Mus, Apodemus and Micromys at the genus level; at the species level, R. rattus and R. norvegicus could be separated whereas A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus could not. A total of 12,317 archaeological microvertebrate samples were screened for myomorph signatures but none were found to be invasive rats (Rattus) or mice (Mus). Of the contemporary murine fauna, no harvest mice (Micromys) were identified and only 24 field mouse (Apodemus) discovered.ConclusionsAs a result, no evidence of recent bioturbation could be inferred from the faunal remains of these archaeological deposits. More importantly this work presents a method for high‐throughput screening of specific taxa and is the first application of collagen fingerprinting to microfaunal remains of archaeological specimens. © 2016 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Quantification of ecosystem C dynamics in a long‐term FACE study on permanent grassland
Authors: Lenhart Katharina , Kammann Claudia , Boeckx Pascal , Six Johan , Müller Christoph 
Published: March 2016

RationaleBecause of the wide‐ranging appearance and high soil organic carbon (C) content of grasslands, their ecosystems play an important role in the global C cycle. Thus, even small changes in input or output rates lead to significant changes in the soil C content, thereby affecting atmospheric [CO2]. Our aim was to examine if a higher C supply provided under elevated CO2 will increase the soil C pool. Special attention was given to respirational processes, where CO2 emission rates and its sources (plant vs. soil) were considered.MethodsThe Giessen‐FACE experiment started in 1998 with a moderate CO2 enrichment of +20% and +30% above ambient on an extensively managed grassland. The experiment consists of three control plots where no CO2 is applied, three plots where [CO2] is enriched by +20% and one plot receiving [CO2] +30%. To exclude initial CO2 step increase effects, a detailed examination of respirational processes over 30 months was carried out after 6 years of CO2 enrichment starting in June 2004. At that time, the δ13C signature of the enrichment‐CO2 was switched from −25 ‰ to −48 ‰ without a concomitant change in CO2 concentration.ResultsAfter 9 years, the fraction of new C under [CO2] +20% was 37 ± 5.4% in the top 7.5 cm but this decreased with depth. No CO2 effect on soil carbon content was detected. Between June 2004 and December 2006, elevated [CO2] +20% increased the ecosystem respiration by 13%. The contribution of root respiration to soil respiration was 37 ± 13% (5 cm) and 43 ± 14% (10 cm) for [CO2] +20% and 35 ± 13% and 40 ± 13% for [CO2] +30%, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings of an increased C turnover without a net soil C sequestration suggest that the sink strength of grassland ecosystems might decrease in the future, because the additional C may quickly be released as CO2 to the atmosphere. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a neutral loss from precursor ions with nearly Gaussian‐shaped isotopic patterns via inverted isotopic patterns of product ions
Authors: Warneke J. , Dülcks T. , Kemken D. , Finze M. 
Published: March 2016

RationaleDirect atomic composition determination of ions with very broad Gaussian‐shaped isotopic patterns is challenging because no monoisotopic peak is available for high accurate mass determination and no characteristic shapes in isotopic patterns are visible.MethodsIsolation and fragmentation of the ions corresponding to one peak (one nominal mass) in the center of the broad Gaussian‐shaped isotopic pattern lead to a mass spectrum with the product ion signal showing the inverted full isotopic profile of the neutral fragment.ResultsWe have introduced a convenient method for the fast and straightforward identification of a neutral loss for molecular ions with broad isotopic patterns. The theoretical considerations underlying this method are explained and its practical limitations are considered. The benefits of this method are exemplified by guiding a reader through the analysis of a complex mixture of bridged carborate clusters, compounds with very broad isotopic patterns.ConclusionsThe presented method can be efficiently used for the determination of atomic compositions of compounds with broad isotopic patterns by their fragmentation using mass spectrometry. This method should significantly facilitate the mass spectrometric analysis of compounds containing several atoms with broad isotopic distributions, such as Ge, Sn, Mo, Ru and Hg, and, thus, can considerably broaden the use of mass spectrometry as an analytical method in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐destructive percolation as a limit of forest‐fire models on regular rooted trees
Authors: Graf Robert 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLet T be a regular rooted tree. For every natural number n, let Tn be the finite subtree of vertices with graph distance at most n from the root. Consider the following forest‐fire model on Tn: Each vertex can be “vacant” or “occupied”. At time 0 all vertices are vacant. Then the process is governed by two opposing mechanisms: Vertices become occupied at rate 1, independently for all vertices. Independently thereof and independently for all vertices, “lightning” hits vertices at rate λ(n) > 0. When a vertex is hit by lightning, its occupied cluster becomes vacant instantaneously. Now suppose that λ(n) decays exponentially in n but much more slowly than 1/|Tn|, where |Tn| denotes the number of vertices of Tn. We show that then there exist such that between time 0 and time the forest‐fire model on Tn tends to the following process on T as n goes to infinity: At time 0 all vertices are vacant. Between time 0 and time τ vertices become occupied at rate 1, independently for all vertices. Immediately before time τ there are infinitely many infinite occupied clusters. At time τ all these clusters become vacant. Between time τ and time vertices again become occupied at rate 1, independently for all vertices. At time all occupied clusters are finite. This process is a dynamic version of self‐destructive percolation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 50, 86–113, 2017
A Rapid One‐Pot Five Component Sequential Access to Novel Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazinyl‐α‐aminophosphonates
Authors: Kaur Tanpreet , Saha Debasmita , Singh Neetu , Singh Udai P. , Sharma Anuj 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA facile and rapid entry towards assembly of novel imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazinyl‐α‐aminophosphonate scaffolds through a one‐pot, sequential reaction of 2‐amino‐4H‐1,3‐thiazine‐3‐one, dialdehydes, isocyanides, aromatic amines and dialkyl/aryl phosphites is demonstrated. Successive sequencing of Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienaymé (GBB) reaction with Kabachnik Field's reaction results in the efficient formation of novel bis‐heterocyclic frameworks. The highlights of the present protocol include survival of the aldehydic group post GBB without any protection. Additionally, simplicity of execution excluding both solvent and catalyst, cheap reagents, excellent functional group tolerance under minutes of microwave irradiation justify it to be a green protocol.
Visible Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution from Aqueous Solution in a Noble‐Metal‐Free System Catalyzed by a Cobalt Phthalocyanine
Authors: Luo Geng‐Geng , Li Xiao‐Cong , Wang Jiang‐Hai 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSolar‐driven hydrogen evolution from water has emerged as an important methodology for the storage of renewable energy in chemical bonds. Efficient photochemical splitting of water requires the highly active and low‐cost hydrogen‐evolving catalysts, which remains a significant challenge. After screening a series of metallophthalocyanines (MPcs), the macrocyclic cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) is found to be an active catalyst for visible light‐driven H2 production under basic conditions (pH=12.0) in water/ethanol mixed solvent when employed with xanthene dyes as the photosensitizers (PSs) and triethylamine (TEA) as the sacrificial electron donor. The noble‐metal‐free system gives the highest TON of 2650 with respect to the catalyst, corresponding to a TOF of ca. 810 h−1. By means of UV/vis and fluorescent spectroscopy as well as computational studies and electrochemistry, a possible catalytic mechanism of the hydrogen‐generating reaction involving organo hydrides not cobalt hydrides was proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of utilizing a cobalt phthalocyanine as molecular catalyst for the photogeneration of hydrogen from water.
Sustainability in highrise building design and construction
Authors: Rafiei Mohammad Hossein , Adeli Hojjat 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a review of the recent literature on sustainability in construction and design with a focus on highrise buildings. The paper is divided into the following main sections: energy consumption, environmental effects and green practices for highrise buildings. A number of concepts in sustainable design are reviewed including passive solar design, renewable energy resources, cogeneration and tri‐generations, embodied energy reduction, net zero energy building, carbon emission reduction, envelope environment quality, green materials, efficient mechanical design and innovative structural systems. Their applications in a dozen signature and iconic structures are described. In order to achieve net zero energy in a new highrise building, first, multiple green solutions need to be evaluated using two categorical solutions: passive solar and envelop environment design and renewable energy resources along with efficient energy generators. Next, a robust optimization algorithm should be used to select the optimum set of solutions. This is worth pursuing in future sustainable design of highrise buildings because they are massive and complex structures with many components. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Goldfish morphology as a model for evolutionary developmental biology
Authors: Ota Kinya G. , Abe Gembu 
Published: March 2016

Morphological variation of the goldfish is known to have been established by artificial selection for ornamental purposes during the domestication process. Chinese texts that date to the Song dynasty contain descriptions of goldfish breeding for ornamental purposes, indicating that the practice originated over one thousand years ago. Such a well‐documented goldfish breeding process, combined with the phylogenetic and embryological proximities of this species with zebrafish, would appear to make the morphologically diverse goldfish strains suitable models for evolutionary developmental (evodevo) studies. However, few modern evodevo studies of goldfish have been conducted. In this review, we provide an overview of the historical background of goldfish breeding, and the differences between this teleost and zebrafish from an evolutionary perspective. We also summarize recent progress in the field of molecular developmental genetics, with a particular focus on the twin‐tail goldfish morphology. Furthermore, we discuss unanswered questions relating to the evolution of the genome, developmental robustness, and morphologies in the goldfish lineage, with the goal of blazing a path toward an evodevo study paradigm using this teleost species as a new model species.WIREs Dev Biol2016, 5:272–295. doi: 10.1002/wdev.224This article is categorized under:Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body PlanComparative Development and Evolution > Model SystemsComparative Development and Evolution > Evolutionary Novelties
Advanced analytical techniques for bio‐oil characterization
Authors: Michailof Chrysoula M. , Kalogiannis Konstantinos G. , Sfetsas Themistoklis , Patiaka Despoina T. , Lappas Angelos A. 
Published: March 2016

Bio‐oil (pyrolysis oil) is the liquid product of biomass thermochemical conversion. It is a dark, viscous liquid that contains the depolymerization products of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The physicochemical properties of bio‐oils are determined by employing the conventional methods for fuels analysis with proper adaptations. However, the detailed composition of bio‐oils in terms of analytes as well as their concentration remains ambiguous and is a challenging task for analytical chemistry. The compounds in the bio‐oil range from nonpolar (e.g., hydrocarbons) to highly polar (e.g., phenolics) and from volatile (e.g., organic acids) to nonvolatile (e.g., sugar derivatives), covering a molecular weight (MW) range of about 50–2000 Da. Hence a combination of analytical techniques such as high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are required to determine the bio‐oil's composition. Despite the significant breakthroughs of these techniques, they face limitations regarding the sample pretreatment, the incomplete separation and determination of components, and the need of multiple analyses with each method for more complete results. The development of sophisticated, comprehensive, and hyphenated chromatographic and spectrometric techniques such as GC × GC, LC × LC, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and 2D‐NMR has brought actual advancement in the field of bio‐oil analysis. GC × GC and LC × LC have allowed the development of qualitative and quantitative methods for the individual determination of lower MW compounds. However, HRMS and 2D‐NMR have facilitated the elucidation of the structure of the higher MW components, offering insight in the effect of pyrolysis conditions on biomass depolymerization and the possibilities for further upgrading of bio‐oils. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:614–639. doi: 10.1002/wene.208This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Energy and Climate > Climate and Environment
Prognostic Value of the Number of Retrieved Lymph Nodes in Pathological Nx or N0 Classical Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Sung Tae‐Yon , Yoon Jong Ho , Song Dong Eun , Lee Yu‐mi , Kim Tae‐Yong , Chung Ki‐Wook , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Hong Suck Joon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the clinical implications of the number of retrieved central lymph nodes (LN) for the recurrence and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) outcomes in patients with pathological Nx (pNx) or N0 classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsIn total, 464 patients were enrolled following total thyroidectomy with central LN dissection. The risk factors related to recurrence and RFS were evaluated and compared between these groups.ResultsAge, primary tumor size, and number of retrieved central LNs were independent risk factors for recurrence according to multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). The cut‐off value for the number of retrieved central LNs related to recurrence was 4.5. Group 2 (pN0; ≥5 nodes) demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of patients with an ablation‐stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) level <2.0 ng/mL (84.9 vs 61.1 %; p < 0.050) and control sTg level <1.0 ng/mL (92.1 vs 79.6 %; p < 0.050) in comparison with patients in group 1 (pNx or pN0; 1–4 nodes). Perioperative complication rates were comparable between groups.ConclusionThe number of retrieved central LNs is an independent risk factor for recurrence, even among patients with pNx or pN0 classical PTC. A thorough central LN dissection may therefore improve the long‐term RFS rate.