bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Analysis of Post-Tonal Therapeutic Improvisatory Music
Authors: Lee Colin Andrew 
Published: January 2016

The analytical investigation examining tonal therapeutic improvisatory music (Lee, C. A., 1989) would seem to indicate that music therapy should be exploring its own investigative form of analysis. The adoption of a Schenkerian construct of analysis accommodates music therapy perhaps more clearly than the often complex statistics and pitch classes that, for the most part, concern the analysis of atonal music. The tonal infrastructure can normally be described in direct relation to its harmonic foundation. With atonality, however, such reference points are not easily available, except in serialism or similar theoretical forms of music. It is the intention of this article to investigate the diverse constructs of post-tonal analysis and consider their validity in exploring atonal issues of therapeutic improvisation. Initial focus will be on formal analysis of the improvisation, interspersed with a more informal subjective framework of enquiry endeavouring to evaluate relationships between both areas. The passage of improvisation selected is taken from a different session with the same client, thus enabling various parallels to be drawn.
A Study of the Way Music Therapists Analyse Their Work
Authors: Oldfield Amelia 
Published: January 2016

At present there is no standardised procedure for music therapy assessment in the UK. Music therapists use a wide variety of methods to review their clients' progress. This paper begins by examining some of these different procedures and looking at their advantages and disadvantages. A particular system of analysis developed by the author is then explained in detail. Information about four different clients with severe learning difficulties from this analysis is compared to information gained simultaneously through video-analysis. The results seem to indicate that the author's assessment procedure is an efficient way of collecting information about music therapy sessions with these clients. The paper then looks at whether this same procedure can be used with other types of clients. Suggestions for further investigations are made.
Music in the Pastoral Care of Emotionally Disturbed Children
Authors: Butterton Mary 
Published: January 2016

This article sets out to describe some of the content of a recent Ph.D. thesis (Birmingham University) entitled ‘Music in the Pastoral Care of Emotionally Disturbed Children’. The thesis attempts to articulate an understanding at theoretical and practical levels of what it is in the process of music in the pastoral care of emotionally disturbed children that brings about a degree of transformation in the client. The theory gradually evolved through the practice of music therapy with emotionally disturbed children in a residential school over a two-year period. Three case studies are described in the thesis: one of these is included in this article. The particular contribution of this thesis is that it suggests and describes a direct link between the elemental dynamics of music and the elemental dynamics of people in relationship in the context of creative musical play. This play is then considered as a medium in which transformation of damaged people in relationship may occur.
Two years of moral case deliberations on the use of coercion in mental health care: Which ethical challenges are being discussed by health care professionals?
Authors: Molewijk Bert , Engerdahl Ingvild Stokke , Pedersen Reidar 
Published: January 2016

Background Seven wards from three Norwegian mental health care institutions participated in a study in which regular ethics reflection groups focusing on coercion had been implemented and evaluated (2011–2015). This article presents (1) a thematic overview of the ethical challenges identified based on a systematic qualitative analyses of 161 ethics reflection groups and (2) some general observations on these ethical challenges. Results The ethical challenges are divided into four main thematic categories: (1) formal coercion, (2) informal coercion, (3) uncertainty related to the Norwegian legislation on coercion and (4) professional role and identity. Some ethical challenges did not fit into these categories. Only 36% of the ethical challenges were related to the use of formal coercion or the interpretation of the health law. Conclusion Even within coercion regulated by law, weighing different moral values remains important to reflect upon the appropriateness of the possible use of coercion.
Preoperative Duplex Scanning is a Helpful Diagnostic Tool in Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Orlando Megan S. , Likes Kendall C. , Mirza Serene , Cao Yue , Cohen Anne , Lum Ying Wei , Freischlag Julie A. 
Published: January 2016

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic role of venous and arterial duplex scanning in neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS). Methods: Retrospective review of patients who underwent duplex ultrasonography prior to first rib resection and scalenectomy (FRRS) for NTOS from 2005 to 2013. Abnormal scans included ipsilateral compression (IC) with abduction of the symptomatic extremity (>50% change in subclavian vessel flow), contralateral (asymptomatic side) compression (CC) or bilateral compression (BC). Results: A total of 143 patients (76% female, average age 34, range 13-59) underwent bilateral preoperative duplex scanning. Ipsilateral compression was seen in 44 (31%), CC in 12 (8%), and BC in 14 (10%). Seventy-three (51%) patients demonstrated no compression. Patients with IC more often experienced intraoperative pneumothoraces (49% vs. 25%, P < .05) and had positive Adson tests (86% vs. 61%, P < .02). Conclusion: Compression of the subclavian vein or artery on duplex ultrasonography can assist in NTOS diagnosis. Ipsilateral compression on abduction often correlates with Adson testing.
How Universal Are Universal Symbols? An Estimation of Cross-Cultural Adoption of Universal Healthcare Symbols
Authors: Joy Lo Chih-Wei , Yien Huey-Wen , Chen I-Ping 
Published: January 2016

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of universal health symbol usage and to analyze the factors influencing the adoption of those symbols in Taiwan. Background: Universal symbols are an important innovative tool for health facility wayfinding systems. Hablamos Juntos, a universal healthcare symbol system developed in the United States, is a thoughtful, well-designed, and thoroughly tested symbol system that facilitates communication across languages and cultures. Methods: We designed a questionnaire to test how well the selected graphic symbols were understood by Taiwanese participants and determined factors related to successful symbol decoding, including participant-related factors, stimulation factors, and the interaction between stimulation and participants. Additionally, we further established a design principle for future development of localized healthcare symbols. Results: (1) Eleven symbols were identified as highly comprehensible and effective symbols that can be directly adopted in Taiwanese healthcare settings. Sixteen symbols were deemed incomprehensible or confusing and thus had to be redesigned. Finally, 14 were identified as relatively incomprehensible and could thus be redesigned and then have their effectiveness evaluated again. (2) Three factors were found to influence the participants’ differing levels of comprehension of the Hablamos Juntos symbols. Conclusions: In order to prevent the three aforementioned factors from causing difficulty in interpreting symbols, we suggest that the local symbol designers should (1) use more iconic images, (2) carefully evaluate the indexical and symbolic meaning of graphic symbols, and (3) collect the consensus of Taiwanese people with different educational backgrounds.
Repair of Chronic Tibialis Anterior Tendon Rupture With a Major Defect Using Gracilis Allograft
Authors: Burton Alex , Aydogan Umur 
Published: January 2016

Background: Tibialis anterior tendon (TAT) rupture is an uncommon injury, however, it can cause substantial deficit. Diagnosis is often delayed due to lack of initial symptoms; yet loss of function over time typically causes the patient to present for treatment. This delay usually ends up with major defects creating a great technical challenge for the operating surgeon. We present a novel technique and operative algorithm for the management of chronic TAT ruptures with a major gap after a delayed diagnosis not otherwise correctable with currently described techniques in the literature. This technique has been performed in 4 cases without any complications with fairly successful functional outcomes. Methods: For the reconstruction of chronic TAT rupture with an average delay of nine weeks after initial injury and gap of greater than 10 cm, a thorough operative algorithm was implemented in 4 patients using a double bundle gracilis allograft. Patients were then kept nonweightbearing for 6 weeks followed by weightbearing as tolerated. They began physical therapy with a focus on ankle exercises and gradual return to normal activity at 8 weeks, with resistance training exercises allowed at 12 weeks. Results: At a mean follow-up time of 24.5 months, all patients reported significant pain relief with normal gait pattern. There were no reported intra- or postoperative complications. The average Foot and Ankle Ability Measure score increased to 90 from 27.5 in the postoperative period. All patients were able to return their previous activity levels. Conclusions: Gracilis allograft reconstruction as used in this study is a viable and reproducible alternative to primary repair with postoperative results being favorable without using complex tendon transfer techniques or autograft use necessitating the functional sacrifice of transferred or excised tendon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating a successful technique and operative algorithm of gracilis allograft reconstruction of the TAT with a substantial deficit of greater than 10 cm with favorable results. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Operative algorithm with case series
The Religious Worldview of the Indigenous Population of the Northern Ob' as Understood by Christian Missionaries
Authors: Ablazhei Anatoliy M. , Collins David N. 
Published: January 2016

On the eve of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, the Russian Orthodox Church had at least nine missions operating among Siberia's indigenous peoples. The Red victory in the ensuing civil war led to the elimination of all missionary activity, whose resumption was possible only after the fall of the Communist regime seventy years later. The few accounts of Christian missions published in the USSR were tendentious in the extreme. Only in the post-Communist era have scholars in the former Soviet Union been free to explore the rich archival and journalistic resources left by the missionaries. Anatoliy Ablazhei's article was chiefly addressed to scholars in Russia. It explores the extent to which the newly available missionary accounts are useful sources for contemporary scholars investigating native religion and cosmology. His work is reproduced here in translation for several reasons. It exemplifies the new wave of Russian scholarship about missions history, giving us a glimpse of the mass of documentary material available for researchers to use. Its critique of Russian Orthodox perceptions of native religion and the imperfect methods employed to spread Christianity in Siberia provides us with material from a mission field little known in the outside world. This information can prove useful for comparative missiological investigations. Above all, however, its value lies in its contribution to the ongoing debates about contextualization and syncretism, the validity of the Gospel for all peoples, and the appropriation of Christianity by the world's indigenous peoples. It exemplifies the errors of ignorance often committed by outsiders trying to spread the Gospel within a thoroughly alien culture. As Terence Ranger reminded us in the first Adrian Hastings Memorial Lecture at Leeds University in November 2002, authentic Christianity is indeed possible among indigenous peoples. The Holy Spirit can inspire a transformation of their lives and culture, without an excess of Eurocentric accretions.1
The Mission to North Korea
Authors: Torrey Ben 
Published: January 2016

The article that follows this one is unusual for the depth of insight and direct experience with which its author writes on the religious psychology of North Korea. Ben Torrey has put readers of the International Bulletin of Missionary Research in his debt both by editing George Kap-Hun Kim's translation of Hyun-Sik Kim's article and by supplying an introduction that situates Kim's life and work within the wider context of mission to North Korea. Torrey himself grew up in South Korea, where he joined with his parents in pioneering Jesus Abbey, a community of prayer high in the Taebaek Mountains of Kangwon Do. Following graduation from college in the United States, he directed a community service organization for over two years and then, with his wife, Liz, spent a year in Korea at Jesus Abbey. Upon returning to the United States for the second time, the Torreys settled in Connecticut, where Ben served as a self-supporting pastor with the Evangelical Apostolic Church of North America while working in the fields of computer systems development and knowledge management. Seeing the need for the church and South Korean society to prepare properly for the inevitable opening of North Korea, Torrey, in conjunction with Jesus Abbey, began the Fourth River Project in 2003. He was also given responsibility to direct Jesus Abbey's Three Seas Training Center. The Torreys returned to Korea in October 2005 in order to pursue this work full time.—Editor
High-dose dexamethasone corrects impaired myeloid-derived suppressor cell function via Ets1 in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Hou Yu , Feng Qi , Xu Miao , Li Guo-sheng , Liu Xue-na , Sheng Zi , Zhou Hai , Ma Ji , Wei Yu , Sun Yuan-xin , Yu Ying-yi , Qiu Ji-hua , Shao Lin-lin , Liu Xin-guang , Hou Ming , Peng Jun 
Published: January 2016

Key PointsThe impaired suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells plays a role in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. The effect of dexamethasone in correcting dysfunction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells suggests a new therapeutic mechanism of high-dose dexamethasone in patients with immune thrombocytopenia.
Redundant and nonredundant roles for Cdc42 and Rac1 in lymphomas developed in NPM-ALK transgenic mice
Authors: Choudhari Ramesh , Minero Valerio Giacomo , Menotti Matteo , Pulito Roberta , Brakebusch Cord , Compagno Mara , Voena Claudia , Ambrogio Chiara , Chiarle Roberto 
Published: January 2016

Key Points
Rac1 and Cdc42 possess nonredundant roles in preventing apoptosis of NPM-ALK lymphoma cells. Simultaneous deletions of both Rac1 and Cdc42 prevents NPM-ALK lymphoma dissemination in vivo.
Endoscopy evaluation to predict oral appliance outcomes in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Okuno Kentaro , Sasao Yasuhiro , Nohara Kanji , Sakai Takayoshi , Pliska Benjamin T. , Lowe Alan A. , Ryan C. Frank , Almeida Fernanda R. 
Published: January 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the utility of nasoendoscopy of the upper airway as a predictor of the efficacy of oral appliance treatment in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).A total of 61 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe polysomnographically diagnosed OSA were recruited for this study. Using nasoendoscopy, we prospectively assessed the velopharynx and oro/hypopharynx in each patient while awake and in the supine position. We measured cross-sectional area (CSA), and anteroposterior and lateral diameters of the airway before and after mandibular advancement, and expressed the changes in dimensions as expansion ratios (after/before). We then compared the measurements of responders and nonresponders with oral appliance treatment.The expansion ratio (median (interquartile range)) for the CSA was greater in responders compared with nonresponders in the velopharynx (2.9 (2.3–5.0)versus1.7 (1.5–1.9), p<0.001) and in the oro/hypopharynx (3.4 (2.5–5.6)versus2.4 (1.8–3.7), p<0.05). Baseline apnoea–hypopnoea index and the CSA expansion ratio of the velopharynx were independent predictors of oral appliance treatment outcome based on a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The estimated area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.87 and the cut-off value of the expansion ratio was 2.00.These results indicate that nasoendoscopy may have significant clinical utility in predicting the success of oral appliance treatment.
Influenza virus damages the alveolar barrier by disrupting epithelial cell tight junctions
Authors: Short Kirsty R. , Kasper Jennifer , van der Aa Stijn , Andeweg Arno C. , Zaaraoui-Boutahar Fatiha , Goeijenbier Marco , Richard Mathilde , Herold Susanne , Becker Christin , Scott Dana P. , Limpens Ronald W.A.L. , Koster Abraham J. , Bárcena Montserrat , Fouchier Ron A.M. , Kirkpatrick Charles James , Kuiken Thijs 
Published: January 2016

A major cause of respiratory failure during influenza A virus (IAV) infection is damage to the epithelial–endothelial barrier of the pulmonary alveolus. Damage to this barrier results in flooding of the alveolar lumen with proteinaceous oedema fluid, erythrocytes and inflammatory cells. To date, the exact roles of pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells in this process remain unclear.Here, we used anin vitroco-culture model to understand how IAV damages the pulmonary epithelial–endothelial barrier. Human epithelial cells were seeded on the upper half of a transwell membrane while human endothelial cells were seeded on the lower half. These cells were then grown in co-culture and IAV was added to the upper chamber.We showed that the addition of IAV (H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes) resulted in significant barrier damage. Interestingly, we found that, while endothelial cells mounted a pro-inflammatory/pro-coagulant response to a viral infection in the adjacent epithelial cells, damage to the alveolar epithelial–endothelial barrier occurred independently of endothelial cells. Rather, barrier damage was associated with disruption of tight junctions amongst epithelial cells, and specifically with loss of tight junction protein claudin-4.Taken together, these data suggest that maintaining epithelial cell integrity is key in reducing pulmonary oedema during IAV infection.
Empiric antimicrobial therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia after brain injury
Authors: Roquilly Antoine , Feuillet Fanny , Seguin Philippe , Lasocki Sigismond , Cinotti Raphael , Launey Yoann , Thioliere Lise , Le Floch Ronan , Mahe Pierre Joachim , Nesseler Nicolas , Cazaubiel Tanguy , Rozec Bertrand , Lepelletier Didier , Sebille Véronique , Malledant Yannick , Asehnoune Karim 
Published: January 2016

Issues regarding recommendations on empiric antimicrobial therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) have emerged in specific populations.To develop and validate a score to guide empiric therapy in brain-injured patients with VAP, we prospectively followed a cohort of 379 brain-injured patients in five intensive care units. The score was externally validated in an independent cohort of 252 brain-injured patients and its extrapolation was tested in 221 burn patients.The multivariate analysis for predicting resistance (incidence 16.4%) showed two independent factors: preceding antimicrobial therapy ≥48 h (p<0.001) and VAP onset ≥10 days (p<0.001); the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.822 (95% CI 0.770–0.883) in the learning cohort and 0.805 (95% CI 0.732–0.877) in the validation cohort. The score built from the factors selected in multivariate analysis predicted resistance with a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 71%, a positive predictive value of 37% and a negative predictive value of 96% in the validation cohort. The AUC of the multivariate analysis was poor in burn patients (0.671, 95% CI 0.596–0.751).Limited-spectrum empirical antimicrobial therapy has low risk of failure in brain-injured patients presenting with VAP before day 10 and when prior antimicrobial therapy lasts <48 h.
Pharmacokinetics of ertapenem in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: van Rijn Sander P. , van Altena Richard , Akkerman Onno W. , van Soolingen Dick , van der Laan Tridia , de Lange Wiel C.M. , Kosterink Jos G.W. , van der Werf Tjip S. , Alffenaar Jan-Willem C. 
Published: January 2016

Treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is becoming more challenging because of increased levels of drug resistance against second-line TB drugs. One promising group of antimicrobial drugs is carbapenems. Ertapenem is an attractive carbapenem for the treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB because its relatively long half-life enables once-daily dosing.A retrospective study was performed for all patients with suspected MDR-TB at the Tuberculosis Center Beatrixoord of the University Medical Center Groningen (Haren, the Netherlands) who received ertapenem as part of their treatment regimen between December 1, 2010 and March 1, 2013. Safety and pharmacokinetics were evaluated.18 patients were treated with 1000 mg ertapenem for a mean (range) of 77 (5–210) days. Sputum smear and culture were converted in all patients. Drug exposure was evaluated in 12 patients. The mean (range) area under the concentration–time curve up to 24 h was 544.9 (309–1130) h·mg·L−1. The mean (range) maximum observed plasma concentration was 127.5 (73.9–277.9) mg·L−1.In general, ertapenem treatment was well tolerated during MDR-TB treatment and showed a favourable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile in MDR-TB patients. We conclude that ertapenem is a highly promising drug for the treatment of MDR-TB that warrants further investigation.
On the modeling and analysis of the biological regulatory network of NF-$${\kappa }$$B activation in HIV-1 infection
Authors: Bibi Zurah , Ahmad Jamil , Ali Amjad , Siddiqa Amnah , Shahzad Shaheen , Tareen Samar HK , Janjua Hussnain Ahmed , Khusro Shah 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeThe complex interactions between genetic machinery of HIV-1 and host immune cells mediate dynamic adaptive responses leading to Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome. These interactions are captured as Biological Regulatory Network (BRN) which acts to maintain the viability of host cell machinery through feedback control mechanism which is a characteristic of complex adaptive systems. In this study, the BRN of immune response against HIV-1 infection is modeled to investigate the role of NF-κB and TNF-α in disease transmission using qualitative (discrete) and hybrid modeling formalisms.MethodsQualitative and Hybrid modeling approaches are used to model the BRN for the dynamic analysis. The qualitative model is based on the logical parameters while the hybrid model is based on the time delay parameters.ResultsThe qualitative model gives useful insights about the physiological condition observed as the homeostasis of all the entities of the BRN as well as pathophysiological behaviors representing high expression levels of NF-κB, TNF-α and HIV. Since the qualitative model is time abstracted, so a hybrid model is developed to analyze the behavior of the BRN by associating activation and inhibition time delays with each entity. HyTech tool synthesizes time delay constraints for the existence of homeostasis.ConclusionHybrid model reveals various viability constraints that characterize the conditional existence of cyclic states (homeostasis). The resultant relations suggest larger cycle period of HIV-1 than the cycle periods of the other two entities (NF-κB and TNF-α) to maintain a homeostatic expressions of these entities.