bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of body mass and melanism on heat balance inLiolaemuslizards of thegoetschiclade
Authors: Azócar Débora Lina Moreno , Bonino Marcelo Fabián , Perotti María Gabriela , Schulte James A. , Abdala Cristian Simón , Cruz Félix Benjamín 
Published: February 2016

Body temperature of ectotherms depends on the environmental temperatures and behavioral adjustments, but morphology may also affect it. For example, in colder environments animals tend to be larger and show higher thermal inertia, as proposed by Bergmann's rule and the heat balance hypothesis (HBH). Additionally, dark coloration increases solar radiation absorption and should accelerate heat gain (Thermal melanism hypothesis, TMH).We tested Bergmann's rule, HBH and TMH within the Liolaemus goetschi lizards clade that show variability in body size and melanic coloration. We measured heating and cooling rates of live and euthanized animals, and tested how morphology and color affect these rates. Live organisms show less variable and faster heating rates, compared to cooling rates, suggesting behavioral and/ or physiological adjustments.Our results support Bergmann's rule and the HBH, as larger species show slower heating and cooling rates. However, we did not find a clear pattern to support TMH. The influence of dorsal melanism on heating by radiation was masked by body size effect in live animals, while results from euthanized individuals show no clear effects of melanism on heating rates either. However, when compared three groups of live individuals with different degree of melanism we found that that darker euthanized animals actually heat faster than lighter ones, favoring TMH. Although unresolved aspects remain, body size and coloration influenced heat exchange suggesting complex thermoregulatory strategies in these lizards, probably regulated through physiology and behavior, what may allow these small lizards to inhabit harsh weather environments.
Typification of the names Centaurea aspera, C. nudicaulis and C. uniflora (Asteraceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Peruzzi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe typifications of the Linnaean names Centaurea aspera and C. nudicaulis are discussed. Specimens from the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) are designated as the neotype (No. 1030.49) and lectotype (No. 1030.72) of the names C. aspera and C. nudicaulis, respectively. Centaurea uniflora was first published by Turra (1765) rendering "C. uniflora L." (1767) a later isonym. Centaurea uniflora is lectotypified using an illustration from Boccone.
Circulating Tumor Cells: A Review of Non–EpCAM-Based Approaches for Cell Enrichment and Isolation
Authors: Gabriel Marta Tellez , Calleja Lidia Rodriguez , Chalopin Antoine , Ory Benjamin , Heymann Dominique 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are biomarkers for noninvasively measuring the evolution of tumor genotypes during treatment and disease progression. Recent technical progress has made it possible to detect and characterize CTCs at the single-cell level in blood.CONTENTMost current methods are based on epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) detection, but numerous studies have demonstrated that EpCAM is not a universal marker for CTC detection because it fails to detect both carcinoma cells that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CTCs of mesenchymal origin. Moreover, EpCAM expression has been found in patients with benign diseases. A large proportion of the current studies and reviews about CTCs describe EpCAM-based methods, but there is evidence that not all tumor cells can be detected using this marker. Here we describe the most recent EpCAM-independent methods for enriching, isolating, and characterizing CTCs on the basis of physical and biological characteristics and point out the main advantages and disadvantages of these methods.SUMMARYCTCs offer an opportunity to obtain key biological information required for the development of personalized medicine. However, there is no universal marker of these cells. To strengthen the clinical utility of CTCs, it is important to improve existing technologies and develop new, non–EpCAM-based systems to enrich and isolate CTCs.
Structural mechanism of ATP‐dependent DNA binding and DNA end bridging by eukaryotic Rad50
Authors: Seifert Florian Ulrich , Lammens Katja , Stoehr Gabriele , Kessler Brigitte , Hopfner Karl‐Peter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Mre11–Rad50–Nbs1 (MRN) complex is a central factor in the repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). The ATP‐dependent mechanisms of how MRN detects and endonucleolytically processes DNA ends for the repair by microhomology‐mediated end‐joining or further resection in homologous recombination are still unclear. Here, we report the crystal structures of the ATPγS‐bound dimer of the Rad50NBD (nucleotide‐binding domain) from the thermophilic eukaryote Chaetomium thermophilum (Ct) in complex with either DNA or CtMre11RBD (Rad50‐binding domain) along with small‐angle X‐ray scattering and cross‐linking studies. The structure and DNA binding motifs were validated by DNA binding experiments in vitro and mutational analyses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vivo. Our analyses provide a structural framework for the architecture of the eukaryotic Mre11–Rad50 complex. They show that a Rad50 dimer binds approximately 18 base pairs of DNA along the dimer interface in an ATP‐dependent fashion or bridges two DNA ends with a preference for 3′ overhangs. Finally, our results may provide a general framework for the interaction of ABC ATPase domains of the Rad50/SMC/RecN protein family with DNA.
Starting too soon: upstream reading frames repress downstream translation
Authors: McGeachy Anna M , Ingolia Nicholas T 
Published: February 2016

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are known to regulate a few specific transcripts, and recent computational and experimental studies have suggested candidate uORF regulation across the genome. In this issue, Johnstone et al (2016) use ribosome profiling to identify translated uORFs and measure their effects on downstream translation. Furthermore, they show that regulatory uORFs are conserved across species and subject to selective constraint. Recognizing the potential of uORFs in regulating translation expands our understanding of the dynamic regulation of gene expression.
The Genetic Basis of Haploid Induction in Maize Identified with a Novel Genome-Wide Association Method
Authors: Hu Haixiao , Schrag Tobias A , Peis Regina , Unterseer Sandra , Schipprack Wolfgang , Chen Shaojiang , Lai Jinsheng , Yan Jianbing , Prasanna Boddupalli M , Nair Sudha K , Chaikam Vijay , Rotarenco Valeriu , Shatskaya Olga A , Zavalishina Alexandra , Scholten Stefan , Schön Chris-Carolin , Melchinger Albrecht E 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn vivo haploid induction (HI) triggered by pollination with special intraspecific genotypes, called inducers, is unique to Zea mays L. within the plant kingdom and has revolutionized maize breeding during the last decade. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HI in maize are still unclear. To investigate the genetic basis of HI, we developed a new approach for genome-wide association studies (GWAS), termed conditional haplotype extension (CHE) test that allows detection of selective sweeps even under almost perfect confounding of population structure and trait expression. Here, we applied this test to identify genomic regions required for HI expression and dissected the combined support interval (50.34 Mb) of the QTL qhir1, detected in a previous study, into two closely linked genomic segments relevant for HI expression. The first, termed qhir11 (0.54 Mb), comprises an already fine-mapped region but was not diagnostic for differentiating inducers and noninducers. The second segment, termed qhir12 (3.97 Mb), had a haplotype allele common to all 53 inducer lines but not found in any of the 1482 noninducers. By comparing resequencing data of one inducer with 14 noninducers, we detected in the qhir12 region three candidate genes involved in DNA or amino acid binding, however, none for qhir11. We propose that the CHE test can be utilized in introgression breeding and different fields of genetics to detect selective sweeps in heterogeneous genetic backgrounds.
Change in Weight Status and Development of Hypertension
Authors: Parker Emily D. , Sinaiko Alan R. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Margolis Karen L. , Daley Matt F. , Trower Nicole K. , Sherwood Nancy E. , Greenspan Louise C. , Lo Joan C. , Magid David J. , O’Connor Patrick J. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the association of BMI percentile and change in BMI percentile to change in blood pressure (BP) percentile and development of hypertension (HTN).

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort included 101 606 subjects age 3 to 17 years from 3 health systems across the United States. Height, weight, and BPs were extracted from electronic health records, and BMI and BP percentiles were computed with the appropriate age, gender, and height charts. Mixed linear regression estimated change in BP percentile, and proportional hazards regression was used to estimate risk of incident HTN associated with BMI percentile and change in BMI percentile.

RESULTS:
The largest increases in BP percentile were observed among children and adolescents who became obese or maintained obesity. Over a median 3.1 years of follow-up, 0.3% of subjects developed HTN. Obese children ages 3 to 11 had twofold increased risk of developing HTN compared with healthy weight children. Obese children and adolescents had a twofold increased risk of developing HTN, and severely obese children had a more than fourfold increased risk. Compared with those who maintained a healthy weight, children and adolescents who became obese or maintained obesity had a more than threefold increased risk of incident HTN.

CONCLUSIONS:
We observed a strong, statistically significant association between increasing BMI percentile and increases in BP percentile, with risk of incident HTN associated primarily with obesity. The adverse impact of weight gain and obesity in this cohort over a short period underscores the early need for effective strategies for prevention of overweight and obesity.
Őrszemnyirokcsomó-biopszia és axillaris blokkdissectio korai emlőrákban – Algoritmus magyarázatokkal, nyitott kérdésekkel
Authors: Cserni Gábor 
Published: February 2016

Absztrakt
Az őrszemnyirokcsomó-biopszia bevezetése lényegesen megváltoztatta az emlőrákos
betegek axillájának hagyományos, hónalji blokkdissectióval történő kezelését, és
napjainkra sokkal árnyaltabbá tette azt. Azt, hogy a korai emlőrákos betegek
közül kinél kell őrszemnyirokcsomó-biopsziát végezni és kinél kell e helyett
vagy ez után hónalji blokkdissectiót alkalmazni, több paraméter befolyásolja. A
lehetséges opciókat a közlemény egy algoritmus formájában foglalja össze, és
ennek az algoritmusnak az egyes elemeit magyarázza, az ezzel kapcsolatos
legfontosabb ismeretanyagot foglalja össze.
Fulmináns lefolyású, mellkasi empyemát okozó izolált mellkasfali fasciitis necrotisans
Authors: Kovács Ottó , Szántó Zoltán , Krasznai Géza 
Published: February 2016

Absztrakt
Közleményünkben egy 64 éves férfi beteg fulmináns lefolyású, ismeretlen eredetű,
mellkasi empyemával társult izolált mellkasfali nekrotizáló fasciitis esetét
mutatjuk be. A beteg kísérő betegségei között hypertonia, ischaemiás
szívbetegség, pitvarfibrilláció miatti oralis antikoagulálás szerepelt. A valódi
kórokot – a rapid lefolyás miatt – csak post mortem sikerült megállapítani. A
sectiós lelet alapján a kiindulást kis kiterjedésű tompa mellkasi trauma
(haematoma) okozta, amely az anamnézisből nem derült ki és fizikális
vizsgálattal sem volt észlelhető. Esetünk kapcsán áttekintjük a diagnosztikus
buktatókat, amelyek a késedelmes felismeréshez vezetnek. A gyors diagnózis
felállítását követően a sebészi debridement, célzott széles spektrumú
antibiotikum- és maximális intenzív terápia a nekrotizáló fasciitis kezelésének
alappillérei.
One thousand patients with symptomatic aortic valve disease and malignancy: Can they withstand aortic valve replacement?
Authors: Mistiaen Wilhelm Peter 
Published: February 2016

<p>Aortic valve disease is the third most common cardiovascular disease among the elderly. Once it becomes symptomatic, the short-term prognosis is poor. These patients often have comorbid conditions such as malignancies. The main question is to identify if such patients can undergo aortic valve replacement (AVR) which is the only way to improve prognosis. One thousand patients underwent valve replacement in a 7-year time span. A retrospective file study was performed to evaluate the presence of malignancies, other pre-operative comorbid conditions, severity of heart diseases, operative data and post-operative complications. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test. Malignancies were found in 137 patients. With respect to comorbid conditions, there were no significant differences between cancer and non-cancer patients, except for a higher mean transvalvular gradient (<em>P</em> = 0.027) and less obesity (<em>P</em> = 0.033) or hyperlipidemia (<em>P</em> = 0.052). Post-operative results showed a trend of delirium cases in cancer patients (<em>P</em> = 0.071), and there was a borderline shorter length of hospital stay (<em>P</em> = 0.087). There were no significant differences in other post-operative complications or mortality, which was 5.8% for cancer patients and 4.5% for non-cancer patients (<em>P</em> = 0.704). Elderly patients with a history of malignancies can withstand major cardiac surgeries such as AVR. They did not exhibit comorbid conditions or major post-operative complications. Mortality was also comparable. If such patients have an acceptable cancer prognosis, they should not be denied the life-saving AVR. However, the decision to offer AVR should be made by a multidisciplinary team involving cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and oncologists. Once such decision is made, it should not be delayed.</p><p> </p>
Determination of odor profile of university students using electroencephalography (EEG)
Authors: Uçar Ömür , Atan Murat 
Published: February 2016

Sense of smell, a subjective sensation, has not been studied as much as the other senses hence interpretation of olfactory messages is still not a fully understood process. Olfactory perception, about which science made some significant advances only in the last 30 years, identifies a chemical substance coming to nose while also remembering past experiences. Therefore, in terms of odor appreciation profile it is important to reveal the difference between individuals as well as societies. The aims of this study are interpretation of EEG data with subjective statements, generation of a common denominator considering the gender variable and determination of odor appreciation profile for the Turkish sample.In this study, subjects who have no detailed information about the olfaction and odor were selected. EEG measurements were of randomly selected thirty six (eighteen female and eighteen male) right-handed, aged 18-28 years university students. Odor panel consists of 13 pleasant smells from different odor families (orange blossom, jasmine, peach, aldehydes, musk, vanilla, sandalwood, grass, amber, bergamot, pine, rose and patchouli). After examination of participants’ demographic characteristics, subjective statements and EEG data during smelling, The Odor Profile of University Students was provided and suggestions were made related to the conclusions. Keywords: Odor Profile, Electroencephalography (EEG), Odor Appreciation.
An evaluation over houses formed with spatial openings and space within a space relation: Loos typology
Authors: Aykac Gokce Nur 
Published: February 2016

Person meets his shelter need finding spaces to hide in by the instincts such as feeling safe, being protected and so on. Besides the opening that was used for entrance and exit to the shelter, human had created voids on the shell in order to get light and air inside. The openings which are created firstly on surface and the second dimension turned out to be architectural elements defined such as windows and doors. In the architectural context the openings which are separating the spaces from each other are created in the third dimension; defined as structural openings. Through the historical process, with the development of space the openings have transformations and changes also. Being created on the surface of the space shell, they have roles with the main space and sub-spaces to relate with each other. Aim of the research is to be able to define the relations created between the spaces with the structural openings. Within the study, the forming new space examples will be cited and the mediary voids ensuring continuity and visual transitivity between these spaces will be hounded in the house spaces. The connection between the structural openings and the following relations will be researched through the spaces of Modern Architecture, Adolf Loos (1870-1930) spaces. Loos spaces different from the accustomed spaces were formed by the level differences and voids aim to get light inside, this shows his effort creating space within a space relation in his houses. According to this typology, the spaces are constructed successively and perpetually, and by means of these organized openings they communicate in each other.Keywords: spatial opening, space within a space relation, Loos typology.
Learning from Turkish modern furniture design
Authors: Hasırcı Deniz , Tuna Ultav Zeynep , Atmaca Hande , Borvalı Seren 
Published: February 2016

Furniture, as a design element is an important part of design theory as well as design history. It has acted both as a part of the architectural context and individually in history. It reflects the context of the time, lifestyles, choice and behavior. The manifestation of modernism at the beginning of the 20th century can be indicated as a milestone regarding the whole history of furniture. However, when the history of furniture in Turkey during this time is analyzed, it is observed that one can only come across limited literature. Departing from this lack of historic writing and rewriting, a scientific research project, “DATUMM: Documenting and Archiving Turkish Modern Furniture”, was initiated based on exhibiting, documenting and archiving the history of modern furniture design in Turkey. The aim of this project is to highlight the modern furniture designed and produced in Turkey in the modern periods that can be defined as 1930’s “Cubism” or “Functional Architecture Period”, and the period of “International Style” in 1950s, 1960s and the 1970s. The sense of a comprehensive experience was needed to tell this story, and that is why it is composed of a variety of methods and related outcomes. With the array of outcomes planned to take its place in memory, the aim is to enable a remembered and developing process filled with significant moments to not only put together a collection, but to provide an inclusive impression. The methods and products -online archive, documentary film, catalog, colloquium, and exhibition work together to fulfill this aim. The first stage of the project has now been completed and has brought designers as well as furniture designs of the time together. The paper includes the assessment of the process, as well as the strategies for the future to enable the continuation of the success of the project.Keywords: Turkish modern furniture design, design heritage, design history, archiving, documentation, exhibition
Intercultural interactions in the painting arts education: "Azerbaijani painters example in Turkey"
Authors: Ozer Ayhan 
Published: February 2016

Teaching of the arts which include universal values and rules in essence ,in spite of containing local signs, should be formed by universal criteria’s and the richness, and contain diversity as well. Intercultural interaction is an opportunity that may offer important advantages to this diversity. To be the subject of education and training of the arts, which is almost in the same age with humanity, in Turkey coincides with relatively near future. Turkish art education institutions, trying to fit the process of understanding hundreds of years of tradition and rules into a few decades, tried to speed up this process by going especially western countries or bringing artists from there. While the number does not exceed fingers of two hands especially in the last ten-fifteen years, now the expression of these numbers with three-digit numbers made the need for qualified instructors preferred. On the one hand this case contains various handicaps, but on the other hand, it can be considered as an opportunity. These study opportunities were designed to detect the sample.Keywords: art, intercultural interaction, Azerbaijani painters.
Game as a mediator in a first year architectural design education
Authors: Birer Emel 
Published: February 2016

First year architectural design education can be started with various methods which, through testing within different studio studies, can also give ideas as to how to start architectural education. This study will address the contributions, and results of starting first-year architecture education with game as a mediator. When they start their architectural education, students will have their own unique experiences of form, and space gained since their childhood in their built environment. Therefore, in order to refine the students’ perceptions on their built environments at the beginning of the education process, it’s necessary to provide them with opportunities that will give them confidence in what they can do about form and space. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the first year in architectural design education, and to discuss the beginning methods, considerate student, tutor and educational factors together. Thus, the game selected to start the architectural education with the purpose of activating the gaming instinct of the student is the “City Game”. The findings of this study provide guidelines for tutors to set up a favorable learning environment from the city and that cooperative learning can be enjoyable by the game for the students.Keywords: design education, game, mediator, first year architectural education
Book as an object: conceptual illustrations in Edgar Allan Poe’s books and a sample study
Authors: Eken Begüm 
Published: February 2016

Today, when the future of the book is discussed, the main question is whether it has one. Information age transformed ongoing traditional features of a book. It has been foreseen by the critics that printed books, libraries and book stores are doomed to lose their values on the ground of developing technologies. As James O’Donnel cited from Pulitzer winner author E. Annie Proulx in his paper, “Nobody is going to sit down and read a novel on a twitchy little screen. Ever." (Nunberg, 1996). Although printed books are less popular in this digital age, there are still readers and book lovers who always get fascinated by the feeling of flipping pages of a book. According to a research done with readers, they would prefer to have a reading experience with a printed book rather than a screen especially if it is a classic literature book. Two of the main components of verbal and visual dimensions of imagination are illustration and literature. Aim of this paper is to try and find a way to maintain the tradition of a printed book and to explore the relation between these principals in one medium through narrative illustrations of Edgar Allan Poe literature. Also the purpose of this paper is finding the similarities of the two disciplines, as both reveal ideas in unexpected and innovative ways in one’s mind. A selection of his short stories and poems will be illustrated and designed to engage the two areas, literature and illustration to reach readers in a more different way than usual in order to communicate with them more effectively.Keywords: Edgar Allan Poe, book as an object, illustrations, conceptual narrations, book design