bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rate of Cervical Length Shortening in the Management of Vasa Previa
Authors: Maymon Ron , Melcer Yaakov , Tovbin Josef , Pekar‐Zlotin Marina , Smorgick Noam , Jauniaux Eric 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThere is no consensus about the optimal surveillance strategy in women with a diagnosis of vasa previa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the rate of change in cervical length measurements in the management of singleton pregnancies with a diagnosis of vasa previa.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case‐control study of our databases for pregnancies with a prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa that were followed with transvaginal sonography for cervical length and evaluated the impact of the changes in cervical length on the need for emergency cesarean delivery.ResultsThe cohort included 29 singleton pregnancies with a prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa in the second trimester. There were 14 and 15 pregnancies that underwent elective and emergency cesarean delivery, respectively. The rate of cervical length shortening was significantly slower for women with elective compared to emergency cesarean delivery (median [range], 0.7 [0.1–2.0] versus 1.5 [0.25–3.0] mm/wk; P = .011). For each additional millimeter‐per‐week decrease in cervical length, the odds of emergency cesarean delivery increased by 6.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–41.20). The receiver operating characteristic curve for the rate of cervical length shortening in the prediction of emergency cesarean delivery yielded an area under the curve of 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.99).ConclusionsOur findings indicate an association between the rate of cervical length shortening and the risk of emergency cesarean delivery in pregnancies with a diagnosis of vasa previa in the second trimester. Further multicentric studies are required to validate our data prospectively and, in particular, the role of serial cervical length measurements in determining the optimal delivery time for individual cases.
Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting over MIL‐125(Ti) upon CoPi and Pt Co‐catalyst Deposition
Authors: An Yang , Xu Benyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Zeyan , Wang Peng , Dai Ying , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Huang Baibiao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPhotocatalytic overall water splitting is realized by taking advantage of the semiconductive and porous properties of MIL‐125(Ti). CoPi and Pt are deposited into MIL‐125(Ti) in two steps. The co‐catalysts CoPi and Pt not only act as reactive sites for oxygen and hydrogen evolution, respectively, but also improve the photogenerated charge separation efficiency. The above conclusions are supported by the photoelectrical and photophysical results.
A Comparative Study of the Explosion Characteristics of IPN and IPN/JP‐10 Mixtures in Air Aerosols
Authors: Liu Xueling , Wang Yue 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article presents a comparison of the explosion characteristics of mixtures of isopropyl nitrate (IPN, (CH3)2CHONO2) and JP‐10 (C10H16, tricycle [5.2.1.02,6] decane) in air aerosols. The explosion pressure, flame temperature, maximum rate of pressure rise, maximum rate of temperature rise, and lower flammability limits (LFLs) were measured for two sets of IPN and mixed IPN/JP‐10 in air aerosols at different concentrations and Sauter mean diameters (SMDs) of 19 μm and 34 μm, respectively, and the values were compared with the experimental results of JP‐10/air aerosols with SMDs of 20 μm and 35 μm (from our previous research). Experiments were also performed to study various concentrations at various ignition energies for the IPN/air aerosols and the explosions of binary mixture aerosols with various mass ratios of IPN and JP‐10. The experimental results indicated that for the IPN/air and JP‐10/air aerosols with a mean SMD of ∼34 μm, the maximum peak pressure and maximum peak temperature of the IPN/air aerosols were greater than those of the JP‐10/air aerosols. The maximum rate of pressure rise of the IPN/air aerosols reached a maximum value of 395.3 MPa/s at a mean SMD of ∼34 μm, and the pressure increased more abruptly in the IPN/air aerosols than in the JP‐10/air aerosols. The LFLs of the IPN/air aerosols occurred with a total concentration of 197 g/m3 at a mean SMD of 19 μm and a total concentration of 233 g/m3 at a mean SMD of 34 μm, whereas the LFLs for the JP‐10/air aerosols with SMDs of 20 μm and 35 μm were less than 47 g/m3 and 40 g/m3, respectively. The experimental results presented here also showed that the maximum peak pressure was 1.07 MPa at a binary liquid mass ratio of IPN:JP‐10 (%) of 72 : 28 and a mean SMD of ∼34 μm.
Aircraft-sized anechoic chambers for electronic warfare, radar and other electromagnetic engineering evaluation
Authors: Pywell M. , Midgley-Davies M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper considers capabilities and benefits of aircraft-sized radio/radar frequency anechoic chambers for Test and Evaluation (T&E) of Electronic Warfare (EW), radar and other electromagnetics aspects of air and ground platforms. There are few such chambers worldwide. Initially developed to reduce costs, timescales and risks associated with open-air range flight testing of EW systems, their utility has expanded to most areas of platforms’ electromagnetics’ T&E. A key feature is the ability to conduct T&E of nationally sensitive equipment and systems, fully installed on platforms, in absolute privacy. Chambers’ capabilities and uses are described, with emphasis on key infrastructure and instrumentation. Non-EW uses are identified and selected topics elaborated. Operation and maintenance are discussed, based on experiential knowledge from international use and the authors’ 30 years’ involvement with BAE Systems’ EW Test Facility. A view is provided of trends and challenges whose resolution could further increase chamber utility. National affordability challenges also suggest utility expansion to support continuing moves, from expensive and difficult to repeat flight test and operational evaluation trials, towards an affordability-driven optimal balance between modelling and simulation, and real-world testing of platforms.
STANDARD BEARERS
Authors: Sosa David 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn both ethics and epistemology an important question is whether justification is a fully internal or a partly external matter. In view of analogies between relevant considerations in each area, I recommend distinguishing, as basic and independentsubjectsof normative status, (i) agents and (ii) what they do. Evaluations of subjects, on one hand, and of their beliefs and actions, on the other, are less intimately related than is presupposed. This helps resolve internalism/externalism controversies in both domains. An important related advantage of the distinction is its effect on our understanding of normative luck, both moral and epistemic.
The nutritional quality of New Zealand breakfast cereals: an update
Authors: Chepulis Lynne , Hill Shaunie , Mearns Gael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the nutritional quality of New Zealand breakfast cereals in 2013 and 2017.DesignNutrition Information Panel data were collected from all cereals available from two large supermarket chains in 2017 and compared with earlier published data collected in 2013.SettingUrban New Zealand supermarkets.SubjectsThe nutritional content of breakfast cereals (‘biscuits and bites’, ‘brans’, ‘bubbles, flakes and puffs’, ‘children’s cereals’, ‘muesli’ and ‘oats’) was analysed for total energy, protein, fat (total and saturated), carbohydrate, sugar, fibre and Na. The Nutrient Profile Scoring Criterion (NPSC) for each cereal was calculated to determine the proportion of ‘less healthy’ cereals (NPSC≥4) in each product category.ResultsThe energy and fat content of bubbles, flakes and puffs, muesli and oats were significantly higher in 2017 compared with 2013 (all P≤0·01). However, there was a small reduction in Na overall in 2017 (P<0·05). There was no change between 2013 and 2017 in the proportion of ‘healthy’ or ‘less healthy’ breakfast cereals available.ConclusionsThe nutrient profile of breakfast cereals has not improved since 2013, suggesting that industry self-regulation of the nutritional composition of cereals in New Zealand is not working and needs urgent reconsideration.
Changes in consumption of food away from home and intakes of energy and other nutrients among US working-age adults, 2005–2014
Authors: Todd Jessica E 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo document changes in consumption of food away from home (FAFH) and intakes of selected nutrients by working-age adults between 2005–06 and 2013–14, covering the most recent recessionary period and recovery.DesignMeans were compared across survey rounds relative to 2005–06. Multivariate regression was used to account for changes in demographic characteristics over time.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2014.SubjectsWorking-age adults born in 1951–80 (n12 129) and adolescents and young adults born in 1981–90 (n5197) who reported day 1 dietary intake data.ResultsApproximately 34 % of energy consumed by working-age adults came from FAFH (14 % from fast foods) in 2005–06. Levels of FAFH consumption were lowest in 2009–10, at 28 and 11 % of energy from FAFH and fast foods, respectively. Percentage of energy from fast foods was 1·9 percentage points higher in 2013–14. Percentage of energy from saturated fat and total mg of cholesterol consumed were lower in 2009–14, while intake of fibre was higher in 2011–14. At-home foods had less saturated fat and more fibre in 2009–14. The greater the percentage of energy from FAFH in the day, the greater the intakes of fat and cholesterol. Percentage of energy from FAFH was highest among those born in 1981–90 and lowest among those born in 1951–60.ConclusionsFAFH is a significant source of energy, fat and cholesterol among working-age adults. Menu labelling may lower FAFH’s energy content and make it easier for consumers to choose more healthful items.
LGR5 promotes cancer stem cell traits and chemoresistance in cervical cancer
Authors: Cao Hao-Zhe , Liu Xiao-Fang , Yang Wen-Ting , Chen Qing , Zheng Peng-Sheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, contribute to tumorigenesis, resistance to chemoradiotherapy and recurrence in human cancers, suggesting targeting CSCs may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has recently been found to be a bona fide marker of colorectal CSCs. Our previous study showed that LGR5 functions as a tumor promoter in cervical cancer by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, very little is known about the function or contribution of LGR5 to cervical CSCs. Here, we have modulated the expression of LGR5 using an overexpression vector or short hairpin RNA in cervical cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that elevated LGR5 expression in cervical cancer cells increased tumorsphere-forming efficiency; conferred chemoresistance to cisplatin treatment; augmented cell migration, invasion and clonogenicity; and elevated the levels of stem cell-related transcription factors in vitro. Furthermore, modulated LGR5+ cells, unlike LGR5− cells, were highly tumorigenic in vivo. In addition, the modulated LGR5+ cells could give rise to both LGR5+ and LGR5− cells in vitro and in vivo, thereby establishing a cellular hierarchy. Finally, we found that the increased tumorsphere-forming efficiency induced by LGR5 could be regulated through the inhibition or activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cervical cancer cells. Taken together, these results indicate that LGR5 has a vital oncogenic role by promoting cervical CSC traits and may represent a potential clinical target.
MicroRNA-196b inhibits late apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting CADM1
Authors: Wang Hong-Ling , Zhou Rui , Liu Jing , Chang Ying , Liu Shi , Wang Xiao-Bing , Huang Mei-Fang , Zhao Qiu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC), as the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, is one of the deadliest tumors with a very low 5-year survival rate. Therefore, it is urgent to seek new biomarkers of PC for more accurate and reliable treatments. To identify the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEM) in PC tissues, we performed the systematic microarray and qRT-PCR analyses. We found miR-196b was the top dysregulated DEM in PC tissues as compared with the corresponding adjacent tissues, and positively correlated with poor differentiation, tumor size, lymphatic invasion and TNM stage. Furthermore, the late apoptosis rate was significantly reduced, while the cell proliferation was increased in PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cell-lines after treatment with miR-196b mimics. The qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the level of CADM1 in PANC-1 cells response to the alteration of miR-196b. Moreover, blockade of CADM1 could decrease the late apoptosis in PANC-1 cells as up-regulated by inhibition of miR-196b. Finally, luciferase report assay confirmed that CADM1 was the direct target gene of miR-196b. Overexpression of miR-196b in PC tissues can increase the late apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting CADM1. These findings suggested miR-196b is a potential target for diagnosis and therapeutics of human pancreatic cancer.
Shaping control strategies for active power filters
Authors: Ketzer Marcos B. , Jacobina Cursino B. , Lima Antonio M.N. 
Published: September 2017

This study presents a general control strategy for active power filters derived from the current‐shaping principle previously employed in shunt active filters. The generalisation introduced here and denoted as voltage–current shaping control, exploits the symmetry between the possible wave‐shaping solutions, and can be applied to shunt, series, and more complex networks of active filters. Moreover, the proposed generalisation allows the synthesis of specific control schemes with a reduced number of sensors. The relevant properties of the proposed schemes in the application of harmonic mitigation are determined. Further, a discussion of the integration of multiple quasi‐resonant schemes is presented. Using this approach, it is possible to fine‐tune the mitigation of specific components in the harmonic profile from the voltages or currents in the circuit. Experimental results obtained from using a 1 kVA prototype are presented to support the proposed generalisation.
Plastische Rekonstruktion einfacher und komplexer Nasendefekte
Authors: Sadick Haneen , Gassner Holger G. 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungWährend einfache Defekte auch durch freie Hauttransplantate oder lokale Lappenplastiken rekonstruiert werden können, stellen komplexe
dreischichtige Defekte eine Herausforderung für den rekonstruktiv tätigen Chirurgen dar. Diese bezieht sich in erster Linie auf eine
suffiziente Wiederherstellung der inneren Nasenauskleidung, ohne die physiologischen Funktionen der Nasenschleimhaut zu kompromittieren. Die
Autoren gehen auf verschiedene Rekonstruktionstechniken zur Wiederherstellung der inneren Nasenauskleidung ein. Eine besondere Bedeutung
kommt hier dem epithelialen Kipplappen und dem kürzlich erst beschriebenen prälaminierten Stirnhautlappen bei (sub)totalen Nasendefekten zu.
Beide haben sich in der Wiederherstellung der inneren Nasenauskleidung als sehr wertvolle und schleimhautschonende Alternativen zu
herkömmlichen intranasalen Schleimhautlappen bewährt.
Drusen in patient-derived hiPSC-RPE models of macular dystrophies
Authors: Galloway Chad A. , Dalvi Sonal , Hung Sandy S. C. , MacDonald Leslie A. , Latchney Lisa R. , Wong Raymond C. B. , Guymer Robyn H. , Mackey David A. , Williams David S. , Chung Mina M. , Gamm David M. , Pébay Alice , Hewitt Alex W. , Singh Ruchira 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related macular dystrophies (MDs) are a major cause of vision loss. However, pharmacological treatments in these diseases are limited due to the lack of knowledge of underlying disease mechanisms, partly because appropriate human models to study AMD and related MDs are lacking. Furthermore, in the living human eye, the entire retina acts as a functional unit, making it difficult to investigate the specific contribution of a particular retinal cell type in the disease. Here, we established human models of multiple MDs, which demonstrated similar molecular and phenotypic manifestations within these diseases. Furthermore, we showed that dysfunction of an individual cell type, retinal pigment epithelium cells in the retina, is sufficient for the development of key pathological features in these MDs.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Levels of Human Spinal Tissues
Authors: Harris Liam , Vangsness C. Thomas 
Published: September 2017

Study Design.
Systematic review.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate, quantify, compare, and compile the various mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) tissue sources within human spinal tissues to act as a compendium for clinical and research application.

Summary of Background Data.
Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in academic and clinical understanding of human MSCs. Previously limited to cells isolated from bone marrow, the past decade has illicited the characterization and isolation of human MSCs from adipose, bone marrow, synovium, muscle, periosteum, peripheral blood, umbilical cord, placenta, and numerous other tissues. As researchers explore practical applications of cells in these tissues, the absolute levels of MSCs in specific spinal tissue will be critical to guide future research.

Methods.
The PubMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles relating to the harvest, characterization, isolation, and quantification of human MSCs from spinal tissues. Selected articles were examined for relevant data, categorized according to type of spinal tissue, and when possible, standardized to facilitate comparisons between sites.

Results.
Human MSC levels varied widely between spinal tissues. Yields for intervertebral disc demonstrated roughly 5% of viable cells to be positive for MSC surface markers. Cartilage endplate cells yielded 18,500 to 61,875 cells/0.8 mm thick sample of cartilage end plate. Ligamentum flavum yielded 250,000 to 500,000 cells/g of tissue. Annulus fibrosus fluorescence activated cell sorting treatment found 29% of cells positive for MSC marker Stro-1. Nucleus pulposus yielded mean tissue samples of 40,584 to 234,137 MSCs per gram of tissue.

Conclusion.
Numerous tissues within and surrounding the spine represent a consistent and reliable source for the harvest and isolation of human MSCs. Among the tissues of the spine, the annulus fibrosus and ligamentum flavum each offer considerable levels of MSCs, and may prove comparable to that of bone marrow.

Level of Evidence: 5
Put away your microscopes: the ependymoma molecular era has begun
Authors: Mack Stephen C. , Taylor Michael D. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
To synthesize, integrate, and comment on recent research developments to our understanding of the molecular basis of ependymoma (EPN), and to place this in context with current treatment and research efforts.

Recent findings
Our recent understanding of the histologically defined molecular entity EPN has rapidly advanced through genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic profiling studies.

Summary
These advancements lay the groundwork for development of future EPN biomarkers, models, and therapeutics. Our review discusses these discoveries and their impact on our clinical understanding of this disease. Lastly, we offer insight into clinical and research areas requiring further validation, and open questions remaining in the field.
Bowel Preparations Administered the Morning of Colonoscopy Provide Similar Efficacy to a Split Dose Regimen
Authors: Avalos Danny J. , Castro Fernando J. , Zuckerman Marc J. , Keihanian Tara , Berry Andrew C. , Nutter Benjamin , Sussman Daniel A. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Comparative efficacy of same-day bowel preparations for colonoscopy remains unclear.

Aims:
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of same-day versus split dose bowel preparations for colonoscopy.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Registry, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science and CINAHL. Studies were gathered using keywords: “morning preparation”, “morning bowel preparation”, “same day bowel preparation”, and “colonoscopy.” Pooled estimates of bowel preparation quality were analyzed among studies with categorical and continuous outcomes according to relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD). A random effects model was chosen a priori for all analyses.

Results:
A total of 1216 studies were retrieved with 15 trials meeting inclusion criteria. The categorical outcome of high quality bowel preparation for any same-day bowel preparation versus any split preparation was no different with a RR 0.95 [0.90;1.00] (P=0.62). Adenoma detection rate (ADR) was not different between groups, RR 0.97 [0.79;1.20] (P=0.81). Willingness to repeat and tolerability did not differ (RR 1.14 [0.96,1.36] (P=0.14) and RR 1.00 [0.96;1.04] (P=0.98), respectively. Adverse events were similar except for bloating, which was less frequent among the same-day preparation group, RR 0.68 [0.40;0.94] (P=0.02).

Conclusion:
No clinically significant differences were noted among recipients of same day or split dose regimens. Adenoma detection rate, willingness to repeat and tolerability were similar, but bloating and interference with sleep favored the same-day preparations. Given lack of clinical differences, patient preference should dictate timing of colonoscopy preparation.
An Examination of the Perceived Importance and Skills Related to Policies and Policy Making Among State Public Health Injury Prevention Staff
Authors: Liller Karen D. , Chapple-McGruder Theresa , Castrucci Brian , Wingate Martha Slay , Hilson Renata , Mendez Dara , Cilenti Dorothy , Raskind Ilana 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
The purpose of this research is to use the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey to assess in greater detail state injury prevention staff perceptions of policy development and related skills and their awareness and perception of “Health in All Policies” (HiAP).

Design:
The Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey gauged public health practitioners' perspectives on workplace environment, job satisfaction, national trends, and training needs, and gathered demographics on the workforce. This study utilizes data from the state health agency frame only, focusing solely on those permanently employed, central office staff in injury prevention. Respondents were sampled from 5 paired Health and Human Services regions.

Setting/Participants:
Approximately 25 000 invitations were sent to central office employees. The response rate was 46% (n = 10 246). The analysis in this article includes only injury prevention employees with programmatic roles, excluding clerical and custodial staff, providing us with a total of 97 respondents. When weighted, this resulted in a weighted population size of 365 injury prevention workers.

Main Outcome Measures:
The main outcome measures include demographics, responses to understanding of and skill levels related to policy development, and perceptions of HiAP public health trend.

Results:
State injury prevention workers reported lower policy-making skill but had an overall appreciation of the importance of policies. In general, state injury prevention workers heard of HiAP, thought there should be more emphasis on it, but did not think that HiAP would have an impact on their day-to-day work.

Conclusions/Implications for Policy and Practice:
Efforts are needed for all state injury prevention workers to become better skilled in policy development, implementation, and evaluation in order to become stronger injury prevention advocates and role models.