bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chômage et santé mentale*
Authors: Sasseville Marc , Grunberg Et Frédéric 
Published: May 2017

Evidence linking unemployment with psychiatric morbidity is available since the thirties, but it is only in the seventies that a renewed research interest on this subject took place. Two research strategies seem to be emerging: an “ecological” approach establishing correlations between economical and health indicators for a given population. Another approach focuses on the psychiatric morbidity of samples of individuals who have lost their job compared to matched control groups of individuals still employed. Many of those studies did not limit themselves on the mental health of the unemployed but on the “rippling” effect of unemployment on the family and community. Many aspects of the consequences of unemployment on mental health remain to be explored such as the effects of long-term unemployment, unemployment among women. Methods of emotional supportive interventions for the unemployed need also to be explored. Furthermore the effects of a high level of unemployment on the programs of deinstitutionalization of the chronic mentally ill as well as the mentally handicapped should be evaluated.
La relation de causalité dans les causes d'indemnisation psychiatrique au travail
Authors: Begin Simon , Gregoire Michel 
Published: May 2017

This article discusses a problem that is relatively common in psychiatric practice, but almost non existent in the literature, i.e., an occupational disability arising from a psychological trauma. This inquiry focuses on an area in which millions of dollars a year are at stake. Legislative and administrative authorities are increasingly demand that psychiatrists define objective criteria on which legislators can base decisions in contentious cases. What is the connection between the trauma and the current disability, and what is th risk of reoccurrence? Will the employee be able to resume his or her former duties ? It quickly becoms clear that clinical, administrative and legislative realities are often incompatible. This article will therefore provide an overview of the subject in a historical perspective, and to orient the reader, will briefly describe the legislative context in the US and Quebec, as well as the role of the expert in assessing causality. We will attempt, by means of an overall conceptual model, to provide a synopsis of the usual procedure in this type of expert assessment.
A Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach to Postpartum Psychoses
Authors: Guscott Richard G. , Steiner Meir 
Published: May 2017

Psychosis after childbirth occurs as a result of unique developmental and social demands. The authors have developed a treatment approach for the management of Postpartum psychotic mothers admitted with their babies, based on their experience on an acute psychiatric inpatient unit with a special interest in the treatment of postpartum disorders. Five phases of the acute illness and recovery process are outlined. For each phase, a typical clinical situation, the specific tasks of the phase, and special problem areas are presented. The management guidelines are based on a multi-disciplinary team and phase-oriented approach.
Evaluation of I-C Papaverine in Patients with Psychogenic and Organic Impotence
Authors: Cooper A.J. 
Published: May 2017

Forty men with organic or psychogenic impotence, who were highly motivated for treatment, were offered instruction in the intracavernosal (I-C) self-injection of papaverine and regular ongoing supervision by the investigator. Twenty declined immediately, citing a number of reasons, notably qualms about pain of the injection, side-effects and the un-naturalness of the method. Eleven patients discontinued the drug within 11 months; nine used it for at least one year, and all were continuing with it albeit less frequently at the time of assessment. Those who discontinued treatment differed significantly from those who did not; the latter initially used the drug less frequently (less than once per month), did not have a regular sexual partner or had a poor relationship with their sexual partner, and reported a decline in libido during use of the drug. The findings suggest that I-C papaverine, although effective in treating impotence, is not a panacea, and a large percentage of users (55% in our study) are likely to discontinue the drug within a relatively short period of time.
Evaluation of 2016 MAGNIMS MRI criteria for dissemination in space in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Hyun Jae-Won , Huh So-Young , Kim Woojun , Park Min Su , Ahn Suk-Won , Cho Joong-Yang , Kim Byung-Jo , Lee Sang-Hyun , Kim Su-Hyun , Kim Ho Jin 
Published: May 2017

Objectives: We compared validity of 2010 McDonald and newly proposed 2016 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (MAGNIMS) criteria for dissemination in space (DIS) in predicting the conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Methods: Between 2006 and 2016, we enrolled 170 patients who had a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) from seven referral hospitals in Korea. Patients were classified into two groups based on the main outcome at the last follow-up: CDMS converters, who experienced a second attack, and non-converters. Results: Of 170 patients with mean follow-up duration of 54 months, 51% converted to CDMS. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of 2010 McDonald criteria were 70.9%, 63.1%, 67.1%, 66.3%, and 67.9%, and those for 2016 MAGNIMS criteria were 88.4%, 46.4%, 67.7%, 62.8%, and 79.6%, respectively. When we excluded 80 patients who underwent disease-modifying therapy before the second clinical event, the specificity increased to 92.3% and 84.6%, but the sensitivity decreased to 58.8% and 82.4% for 2010 McDonald and 2016 MAGNIMS criteria, respectively. Conclusion: 2016 MAGNIMS magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria for DIS showed higher sensitivity but lower specificity than 2010 McDonald criteria in predicting conversion to CDMS in CIS patients.
If alcohol policy measures would be given up altogether. Or how much alcohol Finns would be consuming as Central Europeans
Authors: Österberg Esa , Rosenberg Thomas 
Published: May 2017

A study estimating the changes in alcohol consumption and problems in Sweden was published in November 1993. Its purpose was to estimate changes in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems if the State alcohol retailing monopoly (Systembolaget) is modified (permits beer and wine sales in private grocery stores) or if the monopoly is eliminated entirely. Also, the effect of possible price changes on alcohol consumption was estimated. Two scenarios were considered: Swedish alcohol prices resembling approximately current alcohol prices in Denmark and, secondly, current alcohol prices approximating current alcohol prices in Germany. This article reviews the Swedish study and a similar study conducted in Norway. Similar estimates are calculated for Finland and the results are compared with other future predictions. According to different calculations the possible price changes will have a greater effect on consumption than increases in alcohol availability. If alcohol prices are decreased to the German level and if alcohol availability were in Finland like it is in Germany today, alcohol consumption would increase about 4 litres per capita. This would mean a mean per capita alcohol consumption of 11.5 litres a year.
Three types of drink-oriented restaurants: customers, milieu and drinking
Authors: Abrahamson Maria 
Published: May 2017

From the middle of the 1980s, the Swedish restaurants have increasingly changed from food service to drink service. This study presents three types of restaurants in Stockholm's city center. The restaurants could be characterized as ‘the fashionable bar’, ‘the folksy bar’ and the ‘ethnic bar’. The study is based on participatory observations at the restaurants. The description takes as its starting point Goffman's (1956) concepts regarding ‘performance’, ‘setting’ and ‘personal front’ and how the customers consciously or unconsciously choose different milieus as a way to control the environment's impression of them. The fashionable bar seemed to be an arena for demonstrating professional and social success. The folksy bar could be used as a form of play, in which colleagues from a company for a moment could set aside differences in status. The ethnic bar's closed room encouraged ‘timeout’: the bar served as a second home but it was also used as a sex market for contact between African men and Nordic women.
Holdninger Til Virkemidler i Narkotikapolitikken i Norge
Authors: Ødegård Einar 
Published: May 2017

In a public survey conducted in the Spring of 1993, a randomly selected sample were asked about their attitudes toward counter measures in drug policy. According to the survey there is general support for both preventive, therapeutic and repressive actions. Also more controversial measures such as electronic room bugging, which the Norwegian Parliament rejected, has public support. However, the respondents seem to give priority to preventive actions, such as working with young people, in preference to society's main answer so far: sharper punishment. In public discussion about the level of punishment, it seems to be accepted as a premise that the penal practice has its correlate in public opinion, which supports sharper punishment. In response to a general question about the penalties for drug offences, a clear majority of the respondents said they are “too lenient”. When specifying the crimes, however, the respondents were not more repressive than the courts. This paradox indicates that the correspondence between public attitudes and legal sanctions, thought to be of almost causal nature, has to be reconsidered.
Öppna Landskap: Om Missbruk Och Finsk Frihetslängtan
Authors: Holmberg Nils 
Published: May 2017

This article deals with cognitive antecedents to relapse common among Finnish substance abusers, male or female. It is argued that certain Finnish cultural, cognitive schemas can explain the difficulties some clients have with the assertive social behaviour necessary for maintaining behavioural change. Among male clients the cause of relapse is often lack of external control and the accompanying feeling of abandonment and loneliness, whereas among female clients it is more often caused by negative emotions (“downers”). Some of the schemas behind relapse have to do with the Finnish longing for independence, with the desire to live without external ties and obligations. It is suggested that a common theme in all these schemas has to do with “territorial” questions and with the difficulty of defining personal autonomy. As many Finnish clients are sensitive to being tread on, it is suggested that much more time should be spent on analysing the client's motivation for change, instead of trying to rush the client into the action or the maintenance stage of change.
Two Alcohol Policy Editorials Interpreted by Opinion Makers
Authors: Törrönen Jukka 
Published: May 2017

The article analyzes opinion makers' wiews on alcohol policy by way of textual reception analysis. The material is based on two editorials and their interpretations. One of the editorials is an argument defending a (neo)liberal alcohol policy. It describes the reality as one in which citizens feel hostility towards the State because it is preventing the emergence of a civil society and the development of independent, cultivated ways of drinking through its two-faced paternalistic approach. The second editorial is in favour of a regulated welfare state alcohol policy. Here the reality is seen as one in which the State spreads the common good and maintains social order and solidarity between citizens through means provided by scientific know-how. Fifty-five influential people (local authorities, trade unionists, journalists etc.) from Lahti, a medium-size city in southern Finland, contributed their interpretations of the two texts. The analysis of their textual reception reveals that the liberal rhetoric convinces them much more successfully than the pro-welfare state argument. More than two-thirds of them interpreted the (neo)liberal argument as more credible and truthful. The author suggests that the result reflects the opinion makers' wishes for a civil society, in which the freedom of choice of the consumer prevails.
Substance Abuse and Cultural Beliefs
Authors: Holmberg Nils 
Published: May 2017

Cognitive therapy works on the assumption that a person's beliefs, thoughts and ideas have a considerable effect on his feelings and behaviour. These schemata, or basic beliefs, are the result of a person's past experience. This article examines how beliefs concerned with social interaction can operate in the background of behaviour. In the course of the major social upheavals of the late 1960's, many Finns moved to urban areas in southern Finland, carrying with them thinking patterns and rules that did not function very well in their new circumstances. Over the years, many clients have told stories of how this has put their ‘home truths’ to the test. Many schemata for social identity may act as obstacles for therapeutic cooperation and long-term rehabilitation. Rigid attitudes may, for instance, prevent substance abusers from learning new survival skills. Although cultural beliefs cannot easily be altered, familiarity with them, however, helps in drawing up assignments for cognitive therapy. Using cultural beliefs and the conflicts produced by them, we can expand the angle of approach beyond ‘pure’ individual psychology, for instance, by linking the damaging cultural beliefs to different ‘narcissistic pathologies’.
The Alcohol Culture on Åland – Tourism and Tax-Free Liquor
Authors: Karlsson Thomas 
Published: May 2017

The drinking habits on Åland, a region of Finland with far-reaching autonomy, are widely influenced by the lively tourism on the island and by the large amount of tax-free alcohol that every year is bought and consumed by the inhabitants. The annual alcohol consumption in 1995 was estimated between 7 and 8 litres absolute alcohol per capita, which is considerably higher than the consumption level according to the official sales statistics on Åland. It is also higher than the consumption level in the whole country, which according to the sales statistics in 1994 was 6.6 litres per capita. Even the share of abstainers, especially among women, is substantially lower than in the rest of the country. The overall drinking frequency is essentially the same as in the rest of Finland. A distinguishing factor is still the high drinking frequency among women in the age 50–69. The dominant beverage is beer. Fifty-five percent of the alcohol consumed in 1995 (measured in absolute alcohol) consisted of beer, which is an increase by 10 percent since 1980. Consumption of wine has also become more popular, while a significant decline in the consumption of spirits can be noted. It was also shown that a substantial amount of the alcohol consumed by the Ålanders was purchased on the ferries that ply the waters between Sweden and Finland. The low share of abstainers and the relatively high consumption among women are features that characterize the drinking habits on Åland. The wide spread use of alcohol also points to a more open and liberal attitude towards alcohol than in the rest of the country.
Travellers' Imports of Alcoholic Beverages into Finland before and after EU
Authors: Pehkonen Juhani , Österberg Esa 
Published: May 2017

The article examines the development in travellers' imports of alcoholic beverages into Finland from 1994 to 1995, the year that Finland became a member of EU. The membership, beginning January 1st 1995, included provisions for increased allowances in travellers' tax-free import of alcoholic beverages and lifted time-limits restricting imports. These provisions have clearly increased the imported volumes, most sharply for beer, from 3.5 million litres in 1994 to around 30 million litres in 1995. The import of spirits increased from 3 million litres in 1994 to 7 million litres in 1995. It is estimated that the import of wines increased from 3.5 million litres in 1994 to 9 million litres in 1995. In 1994 travellers' imports added 6 percent and in 1995 17 percent to the recorded consumption of alcohol. There were no significant changes in the frequency of air travel or of trips between Finland and Sweden. In contrast, tourism to Russia and Estonia increased dramatically. The relaxed import restrictions were an important factor in this development. Most of the increase in beer imports and the bulk of the increase in wine and spirits imports derive from tourism to these two countries. The article also discusses different ways of estimating travellers' alcohol imports, and proposes how this issue should be studied in the future.
Electricity Interconnectors: A Serious Challenge for EC Competition Law
Authors: Talus Kim , Wälde Thomas 
Published: May 2017

Interconnectors pose a challenge to EC competition law. Finding investment for capital-intensive infrastructure investment such as interconnectors means that the requirements of financiers and project sponsors for long-term predictability of cash flow is assured. That usually involves long-term contractual commitment with at least temporary preferences for the sponsors to make it economically viable. This long-term tie-up of interconnector access by long-term contracts or significant project sponsor preferences does not seem to be aligned with the overall EC competition policy to create more competitive markets This essential dilemma of much of heavy, and in particularly cross-border, energy infrastructure investment is well exemplified by the situation of electricity interconnectors. These interconnectors thus illustrate the challenges increasingly and acutely posed by the tension between long-term infrastructure investment in the interest of energy security, and the “normal” application of competition law. The issue became highly topical when the Commission declared the access to interconnectors as one of its immediate priorities. This article will examine the application of EC competition law in interconnectors contributes towards a better appreciation of the dilemma between energy security investments on one hand and the objective of competitive, integrated EU energy markets on the other hand. It is also an essay about the difference between competition theory and the realities of the energy markets.
A five-year review of operative experience and indicative numbers in urological training in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Lee Elaine , Dyer James E , O’Flynn Kieran J , Terry Timothy , Robinson Richard 
Published: May 2017

Objective: The Joint Committee of Surgical Training guidelines for the award of a Certificate of Completion of Training in urology were updated in 2015. In 2015, we published operative logbook data from Certificate of Completion of Training in urology applications in 2010–2012 in line with the original 2011 guidelines. This study reviewed a contemporary cohort against the 2015 guidelines and this previous cohort to evaluate whether the number of trainees achieving these requirements had changed. Materials and methods: All Certificate of Completion of Training in Urology application logbooks from March 2014–October 2015 (77 in total, 2015 cohort) were reviewed and compared to 154 logbooks in 2010–2012 (2012 cohort). Results: There was a significant increase ( p<0.05) in the percentage of trainees achieving indicative exposure in 10 domains in the 2015 cohort according to the updated guidelines. Percentage increases included male lower urinary tract symptoms procedures from 68.2% to 88.3%, transurethral resection of bladder tumour from 64.3% to 89.6%, paediatric urology from 1.9% to 23.4%, female incontinence from 9.7% to 33.8% and andrology from 9.1% to 42.9%. There were significant reductions ( p<0.01) in mean operative numbers for transurethral resection of bladder tumour and male lower urinary tract symptoms procedures from 184 to 162 and 187 to 161, respectively. One trainee in the 2015 cohort achieved requirements in all 17 domains and 55% failed to meet the requirement in ⩾5 domains. Conclusions: While an increasing number of trainees currently meet Joint Committee of Surgical Training expectations, some domains remain at low levels. Despite this, no trainee to date has not been awarded a Certificate of Completion of Training as a direct consequence of this, but this could become a possibility in the near future, and it is the responsibility of Local Education Training Boards and trainees to ensure that indicative numbers are both achievable and achieved.
Ex-vivo renal surgery and auto-transplantation for benign and malignant renal pathologies: our early evolving experience of three cases
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Z , Brown Tim , Thwaini Ali A 
Published: May 2017

Objectives: We describe our experience of ex-vivo renal surgery and autotransplantation for complex renal pathologies. These cases were carried out in the urology and transplant departments between July 2015 and January 2016. Materials and methods: Case 1 was a 63-year-old man presenting with spontaneous bleed from a renal mass in a solitary functional right kidney. Case 2 was a 50-year-old man with bilateral renal tumours involving renal veins. Case 3 was a 50-year-old man with two previous failed right-sided pyeloplasties. Results: No intraoperative complications were encountered. Case 1 underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy, ex-vivo partial nephrectomy followed by autotransplantation. There was no disease recurrence after 6 months’ follow-up, with stable renal functions. Case 2 had bilateral open radical nephrectomies performed. On the right autotransplantation was performed after ex-vivo partial nephrectomy. On the left, a further procedure was abandoned after radical nephrectomy due to extensive disease involvement. Postoperatively, the patient became anuric with poor Doppler signals. Exploration suggested complete renal vein obstruction with infarction of the autotransplanted right kidney requiring nephrectomy. Disease recurrence at the native renal bed was found at 6 months’ follow-up. Case 3 had laparoscopic nephrectomy, ex-vivo pyeloplasty and autotransplantation was performed. At 12 months’ follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with stable renal functions. Conclusions: Ex-vivo renal surgery is a viable option for complex renal conditions. However, appropriate patient selection is essential to achieve good outcomes.