bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental implant loss in older versus younger patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Sendyk D. I. , Rovai E. S. , Pannuti C. M. , Deboni M. C. Z. , Sendyk W. R. , Wennerberg A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate implant loss in younger and older patients. An electronic search of four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library) was undertaken until May 2016 without time restriction and was supplemented by manual searching. Prospective cohorts were included if they met the following criteria: (i) presence of an exposed group (older subjects) with a minimum age of 60 years; (ii) presence of a control group (younger subjects) with a maximum age of 59 years; and (iii) outcome data considering implant survival or loss. Meta‐analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of ageing on implant failure. Of 4152 potentially eligible articles, four were included in the qualitative analysis and quantitative synthesis. The pooled estimates suggest that the risk of implant loss in older patients is not significantly higher (RR = 0·92; 95% CI 0·43–1·96, P = 0·83) when compared to younger subjects. This systematic review suggests that age is not a limiting factor for dental implant therapy.
INTERNATIONAL AIR TRAVEL AND FDI FLOWS: EVIDENCE FROM BARCELONA
Authors: Fageda Xavier 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a bridge between the literature examining the economic impact of air services and the literature analyzing the determinants of bilateral FDI flows. I estimate a gravity equation for the determinants of bilateral FDI flows between the Spanish region of Catalonia, home to the airport of Barcelona, and countries of all over the world for the period 2002–2015. I find evidence that the reduction in travel time due to the availability of nonstop flights scheduled with sufficient frequency increases the amount of FDI due to the enhanced transmission of information.
HOUSING CONSUMPTION DECLINES WITH INCOME IN THE OPEN‐CITY MODEL: THEORY AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Liu Yishen 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper demonstrates that the standard urban model (SUM) has important, previously unknown, and rather counterintuitive predictions about the determinants of housing consumption in cities. For example, the SUM predicts that, as higher wages in the central business district prompt city growth, the housing space per household falls, that is, rising income is associated with falling housing consumption. Empirical testing using a specially constructed panel data set of U.S. cities, confirms this prediction. When city size, income, and housing price rise, housing space per household falls.
Outcome of hepatitis B and C virus‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma occurring after renal transplantation
Authors: Kanaan N. , Raggi C. , Goffin E. , De Meyer M. , Mourad M. , Jadoul M. , Beguin C. , Kabamba B. , Borbath I. , Pirson Y. , Hassoun Z. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryKidney transplant recipients (KTR) are subjected to immunosuppressive therapy that can enhance hepatitis B and C virus replication, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and outcome of HCC in KTR. Case‐control study. Patients with chronic HBV and/or HCV infection who underwent kidney transplantation between 1976 and 2011 and subsequently developed HCC were compared to a control group of patients with chronic HBV and/or HCV infection, matched for gender and age at HCC diagnosis, who did not receive kidney transplantation. Among 2944 KTR, 330 had hepatitis B and/or C. Fourteen developed HCC, a period prevalence of 4.2%. Age at HCC diagnosis was 52.6 ± 6.5 years (53.5 ± 5.7 in controls, P=.76). Time between transplantation and HCC diagnosis was 16.7 ± 2.7 years. Six HCCs were related to HBV, six to HCV and two to co‐infection with HBV and HCV. Immunosuppressive therapy was comparable in HBV, HCV and HBV+HCV patients. At diagnosis, 71% of patients met Milan criteria (65% in the control group, P=.4). Alpha‐fetoprotein levels, tumour characteristics and treatment modalities were comparable between both groups. Patient survival 2 years after HCC diagnosis was 28% in KTR, compared to 68% in controls (P=.024). Survival after HCC diagnosis is significantly worse in KTR compared to nontransplanted patients with HBV and/or HCV. Prevention is crucial and should be based on viral eradication/suppression before or after transplantation.
The preventive effect of sustained physical activity on incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kwak Min‐Sun , Kim Donghee , Chung Goh Eun , Kim Won , Kim Joo Sung 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsPhysical activity (PA) is inversely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence. However, few studies evaluated the effect of PA on NAFLD incidence in regard to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and insulin resistance (IR). We investigated whether PA at baseline and change in PA during follow‐up have any effect on incident NAFLD.MethodsWe enrolled subjects who underwent health screenings between 2007 and 2008 and participated in voluntary follow‐up between 2011 and 2013 (median 4.42 years). Incident NAFLD was defined as NAFLD absence at baseline and presence at follow‐up by ultrasonography. PA was measured using a detailed questionnaire‐based metabolic equivalent at baseline and follow‐up; the difference during follow‐up was calculated.ResultsOf the 1373 subjects enrolled, 288 (21.0%) developed NAFLD. Both total and leisure‐time PA at baseline were inversely associated with incident NAFLD (P for trend=.005 and .003 respectively). Decreased PA at follow‐up was associated with increased incident NAFLD risk after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and diet [hazard ratio (HR) 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04‐2.02, 4th (most decreased PA) vs 1st quartile (increased PA), P=.028]. This relationship was attenuated but remained statistically significant after adjustment for VAT(HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.06‐2.06, 4th vs 1st quartile) and IR(HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11‐2.27, 4th vs 1st quartile).ConclusionsThis study shows an independent protective effect of PA at baseline on incident NAFLD after 4‐year follow‐up. Furthermore, sustained or increased PA had a preventive effect on incident NAFLD independent of VAT and IR.
The effect of Liver Transplantation on the quality of life of the recipient's main caregiver – a systematic review
Authors: Young Alastair L. , Rowe Ian A. , Absolom Kate , Jones Rebecca L. , Downing Amy , Meader Nick , Glaser Adam , Toogood Giles J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLiver transplantation (LT) is a transformative, life‐saving procedure with life‐long sequale for patients and their caregivers. The impact of LT on the patient's main caregiver can be underestimated. We carried out a systematic review of the impact of LT on the Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQL) of LT patients’ main caregivers. We searched 13 medical databases from 1996 to 2015. We included studies with HRQL data on caregivers of patients following LT then quality assessed and narratively synthesized the findings from these studies. Of 7076 initial hits, only five studies fell within the scope of this study. In general, they showed caregiver burden persisted in the early period following LT. One study showed improvements, however, the other four showed caregiver's levels of stress, anxiety and depression, remained similar or got worse post‐LT and remained above that of the normal population. It was suggested that HRQL of the patient impacted on the caregiver and vice versa and may be linked to patient outcomes. No data were available investigating which groups were at particular risk of low HRQL following LT or if any interventions could improve this. The current information about LT caregivers’ needs and factors that impact on their HRQL are not adequately defined. Large studies are needed to examine the effects of LT on the patients’ family and caregivers to understand the importance of caregiver support to maximize outcomes of LT for the patient and their caregivers.
Ebola in great apes – current knowledge, possibilities for vaccination, and implications for conservation and human health
Authors: Leendertz Siv Aina J. , Wich Serge A. , Ancrenaz Marc , Bergl Richard A. , Gonder Mary K. , Humle Tatyana , Leendertz Fabian H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEbola virus disease (EVD) is a threat to human health and to the survival of African great apes. The disease has led to major population declines in chimpanzeesPan troglodytesand gorillasGorilla gorilla, and infected great apes play an important role as sources of humanEVDoutbreaks. The threat posed byEVDraises the question whether vaccination of wild apes is an effective strategy to reduce the occurrence and impact of this disease.We review the current knowledge aboutEVDin great apes and document the link between outbreaks in apes and in humans, mainly via bushmeat consumption. We discuss the need for control strategies, such as vaccination, and describe aspects of primate behaviour, virus biology, vaccine composition, and vaccination principles that need to be considered when making management decisions about great ape vaccination. Finally, we identify gaps in the understanding of Ebola ecology and highlight surveillance and research that can aid the survival of great apes and reduce human exposure to Ebola virus.The severe impact ofEVDindicates the need for efficient monitoring and, ultimately, control of Ebola. However, the unknown reservoir and unpredictable emergence of Ebola, the elusive nature of great apes, and the lack of licensed and suitable vaccines represent major hurdles for such control. Public education about zoonotic diseases and monitoring of great ape health are both important strategies. Experts should also discuss the feasibility of developing safe vaccines that can be delivered efficiently to large populations of elusive wild apes in their natural remote habitats. This review provides a platform for further interdisciplinary discussions, so that management plans can be discussed and adjusted according to possible future changes in the development, availability and cost of vaccines, the status ofEVD, knowledge about Ebola ecology, and opinion on wildlife vaccination.
NWA 10214—An LL3 chondrite breccia with an assortment of metamorphosed, shocked, and unique chondrite clasts
Authors: Rubin Alan E. , Breen John P. , Isa Junko , Tutorow Sean 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNWA 10214 is an LL3‐6 breccia containing ~8 vol% clasts including LL5, LL6, and shocked‐darkened LL fragments as well as matrix‐rich Clast 6 (a new kind of chondrite). This clast is a dark‐colored, subrounded, 6.1 × 7.0 mm inclusion, consisting of 60 vol% fine‐grained matrix, 32 vol% coarse silicate grains, and 8 vol% coarse opaque grains. The large chondrules and chondrule fragments are mainly Type IB; one small chondrule is Type IIA. Also present are one 450 × 600 μm spinel‐pyroxene‐olivine CAI and one 85 × 110 μm AOI. Clast 6 possesses a unique set of properties. (1) It resembles carbonaceous chondrites in having relatively abundant matrix, CAIs, and AOIs; the clast's matrix composition is close to that in CV3 Vigarano. (2) It resembles type‐3 OC in its olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene compositional distributions, and in the Fe/Mn ratio of ferroan olivine grains. Its mean chondrule size is within 1σ of that of H chondrites. The O‐isotopic compositions of the chondrules are in the ordinary‐ and R‐chondrite ranges. (3) It resembles type‐3 enstatite chondrites in the minor element concentrations in low‐Ca pyroxene grains and in having a high low‐Ca pyroxene/olivine ratio in chondrules. Clast 6 is a new variety of type‐3 OC, somewhat more reduced than H chondrites or chondritic clasts in the Netschaevo IIE iron; the clast formed in a nebular region where aerodynamic radial drift processes deposited a high abundance of matrix material and CAIs. A chunk of this chondrite was ejected from its parent asteroid and later impacted the LL body at low relative velocity.
Trace elements in olivine and the petrogenesis of the intermediate, olivine‐phyric shergottite NWA 10170
Authors: Howarth Geoffrey H. , Udry Arya 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOlivine‐phyric shergottites represent primitive basaltic to picritic rocks, spanning a large range of Mg# and olivine abundances. As primitive olivine‐bearing magmas are commonly representative of their mantle source on Earth, understanding the petrology and evolution of olivine‐phyric shergottites is critical in our understanding of Martian mantle compositions. We present data for the olivine‐phyric shergottite Northwest Africa (NWA) 10170 to constrain the petrology with specific implications for magma plumbing‐system dynamics. The calculated oxygen fugacity and bulk‐rock REE concentrations (based on modal abundance) are consistent with a geochemically intermediate classification for NWA 10170, and overall similarity with NWA 6234. In addition, we present trace element data using laser ablation ICP‐MS for coarse‐grained olivine cores, and compare these data with terrestrial and Martian data sets. The olivines in NWA 10170 contain cores with compositions of Fo77 that evolve to rims with composition of Fo58, and are characterized by cores with low Ni contents (400–600 ppm). Nickel is compatible in olivine and such low Ni content for olivine cores in NWA 10170 suggests either early‐stage fractionation and loss of olivine from the magma in a staging chamber at depth, or that Martian magmas have lower Ni than terrestrial magmas. We suggest that both are true in this case. Therefore, the magma does not represent a primary mantle melt, but rather has undergone 10–15% fractionation in a staging chamber prior to extrusion/intrusion at the surface of Mars. This further implies that careful evaluation of not only the Mg# but also the trace element concentrations of olivine needs to be conducted to evaluate pristine mantle melts versus those that have fractionated olivine (±pyroxene and oxide minerals) in staging chambers.
Natural variations in the rhenium isotopic composition of meteorites
Authors: Liu R. , Hu L. , Humayun M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRhenium is an important element with which to test hypotheses of isotope variation. Historically, it has been difficult to precisely correct the instrumental mass bias in thermal ionization mass spectrometry. We used W as an internal standard to correct mass bias on the MC‐ICP‐MS, and obtained the first precise δ187Re values (~±0.02‰, 2SE) for iron meteorites and chondritic metal. Relative to metal from H chondrites, IVB irons are systematically higher in δ187Re by ~0.14 ‰. δ187Re for other irons are similar to H chondritic metal, although some individual samples show significant isotope fractionation. Since 185Re has a high neutron capture cross section, the effect of galactic cosmic‐ray (GCR) irradiation on δ187Re was examined using correlations with Pt isotopes. The pre‐GCR irradiation δ187Re for IVB irons is lower, but the difference in δ187Re between IVB irons and other meteoritic metal remains. Nuclear volume‐dependent fractionation for Re is about the right magnitude near the melting point of iron, but because of the refractory and compatible character of Re, a compelling explanation in terms of mass‐dependent fractionation is elusive. The magnitude of a nucleosynthetic s‐process deficit for Re estimated from Mo and Ru isotopes is essentially unresolvable. Since thermal processing reduced nucleosynthetic effects in Pd, it is conceivable that Re isotopic variations larger than those in Mo and Ru may be present in IVBs since Re is more refractory than Mo and Ru. Thus, the Re isotopic difference between IVBs and other irons or chondritic metal remains unexplained.
A 3D Evaluation Method for Rail–Highway Hump Crossings
Authors: Liu Qingjie , Wang Teng , Souleyrette Reginald R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRail–highway grade crossing crashes may be caused by long vehicles with low clearances becoming stranded when attempting to negotiate rail–highway crossings with steeply graded profiles—hump crossings. Although design standards have been established to encourage the construction that most vehicles are able to successfully navigate, the combination of grade profile and cross‐section interacting with unique vehicle dimensions may lead to instances where vehicles may have difficulty crossing. This article describes a three‐dimensional (3D)‐based (LiDAR) methodology to identify and evaluate the severity of hump crossings. A five‐level criterion is proposed to rate the magnitude of contact. The methodology is demonstrated by modeling seven common low‐clearance vehicle types at three types of hump crossings. Field testing indicates a good correlation between the predicted degree of vehicle‐crossing conflicts and those observed in the field. Results are applicable to operations (e.g., truck routing) or for maintenance and reconstruction programs. Future research could extend the methodology to tunnel and bridge clearances, real‐time warning systems, autonomous vehicles, or even nontransportation applications.
The physics of pollinator attraction
Authors: Moyroud Edwige , Glover Beverley J. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis Tansley Insight focuses on recent advances in our understanding of how flowers manipulate physical forces to attract animal pollinators and ensure reproductive success. Research has traditionally explored the role of chemical pigments and volatile organic compounds as cues for pollinators, but recent reports have demonstrated the importance of physical and structural means of pollinator attraction. Here we explore the role of petal microstructure in influencing floral light capture and optics, analysing colour, gloss and polarization effects. We discuss the interaction between flower, pollinator and gravity, and how petal surface structure can influence that interaction. Finally, we consider the role of electrostatic forces in pollen transfer and pollinator attraction. We conclude that this new interdisciplinary field is evolving rapidly.

Contents

Summary
350

I.
Introduction
350

II.
Playing with the light
350

III.
Floral mechanical tricks
352

IV.
Electrostatic forces
353

V.
Conclusions
353

Acknowledgements
353

References
354
Nuclear Ca2+ signalling in arbuscular mycorrhizal and actinorhizal endosymbioses: on the trail of novel underground signals
Authors: Barker David G. , Chabaud Mireille , Russo Guilia , Genre Andrea 
Published: December 2016

SummaryRoot endosymbioses are beneficial associations formed between terrestrial plants and either bacterial or fungal micro‐organisms. A common feature of these intracellular symbioses is the requirement for mutual recognition between the two partners before host‐regulated microbial entry. As part of this molecular dialogue, symbiosis‐specific microbial factors set in motion a highly conserved plant signal transduction pathway, of which a central component is the activation of sustained nuclear Ca2+ oscillations in target cells of the host epidermis. Here, we focus on recent findings concerning this crucial Ca2+‐dependent signalling step for endosymbiotic associations involving either arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen‐fixing Frankia actinomycetes, and in particular how this knowledge is contributing to the identification of the respective microbial factors.

Contents

Summary
533

I.
Introduction
533

II.
Nuclear calcium reporters illuminate the path to AM fungal signalling
534

III.
Ca2+ signalling at the heart of the Frankia/actinorhizal host dialogue
536

IV.
Conclusions and future outlook
536

Acknowledgements
537

References
537
Phenotypic and genome‐wide association analysis of spike ethylene in diverse wheat genotypes under heat stress
Authors: Valluru Ravi , Reynolds Matthew P. , Davies William J. , Sukumaran Sivakumar 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe gaseous phytohormone ethylene plays an important role in spike development in wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, the genotypic variation and the genomic regions governing spike ethylene (SET) production in wheat under long‐term heat stress remain unexplored.We investigated genotypic variation in the production ofSETand its relationship with spike dry weight (SDW) in 130 diverse wheat elite lines and landraces under heat‐stressed field conditions. We employed an IlluminaiSelect 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array to identify the genetic loci forSETandSDWthrough a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in a subset of the Wheat Association Mapping Initiative (WAMI) panel.TheSETandSDWexhibited appreciable genotypic variation among wheat genotypes at the anthesis stage. There was a strong negative correlation betweenSETandSDW. TheGWASuncovered five and 32 significantSNPs forSET, and 22 and 142 significantSNPs forSDW, in glasshouse and field conditions, respectively. Some of theseSNPs closely localized to theSNPs for plant height, suggesting close associations between plant height and spike‐related traits.The phenotypic and genetic elucidation ofSETand its relationship withSDWsupports future efforts toward gene discovery and breeding wheat cultivars with reduced ethylene effects on yield under heat stress.
Evolutionary origins of abnormally large shoot sodium accumulation in nonsaline environments within the Caryophyllales
Authors: White Philip J. , Bowen Helen C. , Broadley Martin R. , El‐Serehy Hamed A. , Neugebauer Konrad , Taylor Anna , Thompson Jacqueline A. , Wright Gladys 
Published: December 2016

Summary

The prevalence of sodium (Na)‐‘hyperaccumulator’ species, which exhibit abnormally large shoot sodium concentrations ([Na]shoot) when grown in nonsaline environments, was investigated among angiosperms in general and within the Caryophyllales order in particular.

Shoot Na concentrations were determined in 334 angiosperm species, representing 35 orders, grown hydroponically in a nonsaline solution.

Many Caryophyllales species exhibited abnormally large [Na]shoot when grown hydroponically in a nonsaline solution. The bimodal distribution of the log‐normal [Na]shoot of species within the Caryophyllales suggested at least two distinct [Na]shoot phenotypes within this order. Mapping the trait of Na‐hyperaccumulation onto the phylogenetic relationships between Caryophyllales families, and between subfamilies within the Amaranthaceae, suggested that the trait evolved several times within this order: in an ancestor of the Aizoaceae, but not the Phytolaccaceae or Nyctaginaceae, in ancestors of several lineages formerly classified as Chenopodiaceae, but not in the Amaranthaceae sensu stricto, and in ancestors of species within the Cactaceae, Portulacaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Tamaricaceae and Polygonaceae.

In conclusion, a disproportionate number of Caryophyllales species behave as Na‐hyperaccumulators, and multiple evolutionary origins of this trait can be identified within this order.