bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bundled otherwise: Skills, social mobility, and raciolinguistic ideologies in the Canadian labour market
Authors: McLaughlin Mireille 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Showcasing how understandings of social mobility encoded raciolinguistic ideologies of the ideal upwardly mobile speaker, I investigate blue- and white-collar orientation to language, race, and social mobility in the Canadian labor market. I analyze these two subject positionalities and the way bundles of skills are ‘bundled otherwise’ when ideologies of race and language are invoked as relevant to a class experience. While the acquisition of standard languages remains understood as a gateway to upward mobility, the increased commodification of language made the acquisition of standard registers of French and English a skill amongst others, on par with any other. If this shift challenges an implicit ‘linguistic’ bias embedded in emic and scientific understandings of class, raciolinguistic ideologies continue to organize worker's orientations to language and work, be it to imagine themselves as cosmopolitan workers or to defend the positions of ethnic, national, and racialized groups in the economy. (Social class, raciolinguistics, work, language ideologies, francophone Canada, bilingualism)*
Diagnosis on the implementation of the New Urban Agenda
Authors: Diaz-Sarachaga Jose Manuel , Longo Sarachaga Joana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Non-technical summary
Rapid population growth in urban areas requires an effective transposition of sustainable development goals to the urban realm, for which the New Urban Agenda was adopted by most countries worldwide. The progress report of its implementation was discussed in this study to identify strengths and weaknesses in the process that assist nations in the design and application of effective actions to achieve a more sustainable urban development.

Technical summary
The adoption of the 2030 Agenda represents a daunting challenge for countries worldwide, which found its continuation in the New Urban Agenda (NUA) geared predominantly toward urban settlements. Although the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) has been widely monitored by global and national institutions, the progress of the NUA has not been properly addressed to date. With the purpose of filling this gap, this study aims to gauge the implementation level of the NUA through the analysis of all status reports issued hitherto by countries, on the basis of the reporting template designed to this effect by the United Nations. Findings revealed the scarce attention paid to report national progress on the application of the NUA, particularly marked in the most developed economies. Reporting guidelines showed a poor coverage of the SDGs, being mostly focused on a limited number of these as well as the institutional and economic dimensions. The low level of NUA implementation and the questionable effectiveness of the reporting framework for monitoring are main conclusions. Some recommendations were lastly suggested to enhance the application process of the NUA.

Social media summary
Most countries worldwide show little interest in the application of the New Urban Agenda.
GeoTraductores: A Collaborative Initiative Democratizing Science Communication in Latin America
Authors: Navarro‐Perez D. J. , Ramírez‐Salazar A. , Barragán‐Montilla S. , Arredondo M. Garcia , Sepúlveda N. Rodríguez , Venturi O. , Rosa Marín A. , Gómez Correa M. A. , Micalizio C. S. , Bastien‐Olvera B. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGeoTraductores is an collaborative initiative between Eos, Planeteando, andGeoLatinas that aims to provide Spanish‐speaking communities access to current scientific findings. This goal is accomplished by translating science articles originally published in English on AGU's Eos.org, within their Science News magazine, into Spanish. This cross‐organizational initiative has translated, edited, and published over 150 articles, breaking the language barrier for Spanish‐speaking communities. Our experience since 2020 has allowed us to tailor an efficient co‐production model, which starts with (a) the selection of articles of interest to translate, followed by (b) the translation, reviewing, and editing process by volunteers, and (c) the publication and social media dissemination of the translated article. The tangible impact of GeoTraductores is evident in the substantial surge of visitor traffic to the Eos website between 2020 and 2023, particularly from Latin American countries. Notably, increases exceeding 85% were observed in Colombia, Mexico, and Panama, with 20% or greater growth in Chile, Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru, and Ecuador, confirming the initiative's success in meeting a genuine need. This impact extends globally, with Spain experiencing a 40% increase in visitors. Our co‐production model is possible thanks to the contribution of around 40 GeoTraductores, mainly women (85%), who are native Spanish speakers or bilingual (Spanish and English speaking). These early‐career scientists, through their volunteer work, enhance their bilingual communication skills while breaking down language barriers in science communication. The Eos‐Planeteando‐GeoLatinas co‐production model fosters science democratization for Latin America while promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in Earth Sciences, one translation at a time.
The 3D Crustal Structure of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica, Using Variation of Information Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data
Authors: Lowe Maximilian , Jordan Tom , Moorkamp Max , Ebbing Jörg , Green Chris , Lösing Mareen , Riley Teal , Larter Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDirect geological information in Antarctica is limited to ice free regions along the coast, high mountain ranges, or isolated nunataks. Therefore, indirect methods are required to reveal subglacial geology and heterogeneities in crustal properties, which are critical steps toward interpreting geological history. We present a 3D crustal model of density and susceptibility distribution in the Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB) and the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) based on joint inversion of airborne gravity and magnetic data. The applied “variation of information” technique enforces a coupling between inferred susceptibility and density, relating these quantities to the same gravity and magnetic sources to give an enhanced inversion result. Our model reveals a large body located in the interior of the WSB interpreted as a batholithic intrusive structure, as well as a linear dense body at the margin of the Terre Adélie Craton. Density and susceptibility relationships are used to inform the interpretation of petrophysical properties and the reconstruction of the origin of those crustal bodies. The petrophysical relationship indicates that the postulated batholitic intrusion is granitic, but independent from the Granite Harbor Igneous Complex described previously in the TAM area. Emplacement of a large volume of intrusive granites can potentially elevate local geothermal heat flow significantly. Finally, we present a new conceptual tectonic model based on the inversion results, which includes development of a passive continental margin with seaward dipping basalt horizons and magmatic underplating followed by two distinct intrusive events associated with the protracted Ross Orogen.
The Effect of Hydrate Formation Conditions on the Mechanics of Laboratory Methane Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments
Authors: Rake L. , Pinkert S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe mechanics of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments (MHBS) have been broadly investigated over recent years in the context of methane‐gas production or climate‐change effects. Their mechanical investigation has mainly been carried out using models constructed from experimental data obtained for laboratory‐formed MHBS. Along with the dominant effects of hydrate saturation and morphology within the host soil pores, this study recognizes the effective pressure at which the hydrate is formed as a key factor in the MHBS mechanics. A state‐of‐the‐art experimental study has been conducted in order to isolate the effect of the hydrate formation pressure, for use as a model parameter. Two generalized mechanical prediction models that incorporate the effect of the hydrate formation pressure are developed in this work: (a) an analytical shear strength prediction, and (b) an empiric graphical model for predicting volumetric changes along a given stress path. The models are related to a novel data representation which enables the analysis of a few individual test outcomes as a whole, through a volume‐change mapping that describes the complex influence of the volumetric effect of hydrate in MHBS, under combined hydrostatic and deviatoric loading scenarios. In this study, we delve into a specific configuration of hydrate morphology, hydrate saturation, and host soil type, enabling a distinctive fundamental geotechnical investigation and the development of a conceptual modeling approach. The paper describes the approaches by which the MHBS properties can be extracted for other MHBS samples (than those examined in this work) having different host soils and hydrate pore‐space morphologies.
Massive Ice Outcrops and Thermokarst Along the Arctic Shelf Edge: By‐Products of Ongoing Groundwater Freezing and Thawing in the Sub‐Surface
Authors: Paull Charles K. , Hong Jong Kuk , Caress David W. , Gwiazda Roberto , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Lundsten Eve , Paduan Jennifer B. , Jin Young Keun , Duchesne Mathieu J. , Rhee Tae Siek , Brake Virginia , Obelcz Jeffrey , Walton Maureen A. L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSubstantial seafloor morphological changes are rapidly occurring along the Canadian Arctic shelf edge. Five multibeam bathymetric mapping surveys, each partially covering a 15 km2 study area between 120‐ and 200‐m water depth, were conducted over a 12‐year time period. These surveys reveal that 65 new craters have developed between 2010 and 2022, averaging 6.5 m and reaching up to 30 m deep. Remotely operated vehicle investigations revealed massive ice outcrops exposed on two newly formed crater flanks. This ice is not relict subaerially formed Pleistocene permafrost because it is hosted in sediments which were deposited in a submarine setting post‐deglaciation. Low salinity porewater and sediment core ice samples with depleted oxygen isotopic compositions indicate waters with a meteoric signature are discharging and freezing in this area. These ascending brackish groundwaters are likely derived in part from thawed relict permafrost hundreds of meters under the continental shelf. They refreeze as they approach the −1.4°C seafloor, leading to the development of widespread, near seafloor, sub‐bottom ice layers. Conditions appropriate for ice melting also exist nearby where ice is exposed to seawater or warmed by ascending groundwater. Small variations in temperature and salinity lead to shifts between freezing of ascending brackish groundwater or melting of near seafloor ice layers. These conditions have produced a dramatic submarine thermokarst morphology riddled with multi‐aged depressions. Thermokarst geohazards may exist, unmapped, on other Arctic margins with groundwater channeled toward the shelf edge by a relict permafrost cap, and sufficiently cold shelf edge bottom water temperatures.
LocoMMotion: a study of real-life current standards of care in triple-class exposed patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma – 2-year follow-up (final analysis)
Authors: Mateos María-Victoria , Weisel Katja , De Stefano Valerio , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Delforge Michel , Mohty Mohamad , Dytfeld Dominik , Angelucci Emanuele , Vincent Laure , Perrot Aurore , Benjamin Reuben , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Ocio Enrique M. , Roccia Tito , Schecter Jordan M. , Koskinen Silva , Haddad Imène , Strulev Vadim , Mitchell Lada , Buyze Jozefien , Filho Octavio Costa , Einsele Hermann , Moreau Philippe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTreatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) is challenging as patients exhaust all available therapies and the disease becomes refractory to standard drug classes. Here we report the final results of LocoMMotion, the first prospective study of real-world clinical practice (RWCP) in triple-class exposed (TCE) patients with RRMM, with a median follow-up of 26.4 months (range, 0.1–35.0). Patients (N  =  248) had received median 4 prior LOT (range, 2–13) at enrollment. 91 unique regimens were used in index LOT. Overall response rate was 31.9% (95% CI, 26.1–38.0), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.6 months (95% CI, 3.9–5.6) and median overall survival was 13.8 months (95% CI, 10.8–17.0). 152 patients (61.3%) had subsequent LOTs with 134 unique regimens, of which 78 were used in first subsequent LOT. Median PFS2 (from start of study through first subsequent LOT) was 10.8 months (95% CI, 8.4–13.0). 158 patients died on study, 67.7% due to progressive disease. Additional subgroup analyses and long-term safety summaries are reported. The high number of RWCP treatment regimens utilized and poor clinical outcomes confirm a lack of standardized treatment for TCE patients with RRMM, highlighting the need for new treatments with novel mechanisms.
Functional activation of the AKT-mTOR signalling axis in a real-world metastatic breast cancer cohort
Authors: Prasad Deepika , Baldelli Elisa , Blais Edik M. , Davis Justin , El Gazzah Emna , Mueller Claudius , Gomeiz Alison , Ibrahim Aisha , Newrekar Avani Vinayak , Corgiat Brian A. , Dunetz Rick , Petricoin III Emanuel F. , Wei Qi , Pierobon Mariaelena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Mutations of the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR axis are common events in metastatic breast cancers (MBCs). This study was designed to evaluate the extent to which genetic alterations of the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR can predict protein activation of this signalling axis in MBCs.

Methods
Molecular profiles were generated by CLIA-certified laboratories from a real-world evidence cohort of 171 MBC patients. Genetic alterations of the PIK3CA pathway were measured using next-generation sequencing. Activation levels of AKT and downstream signalling molecules were quantified using two orthogonal proteomic methods. Protein activity was correlated with underlying genomic profiles and response to CDK4/6 inhibition in combination with endocrine treatment (ET).

Results
Oncogenic alterations of the PIK3CA/AKT/PTEN pathway were identified in 49.7% of cases. Genomic profiles emerged as poor predictors of protein activity (AUC:0.69), and AKT phosphorylation levels mimicked those of mutant lesions in 76.9% of wild-type tumours. High phosphorylation levels of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR downstream target p70S6 Kinase (T389) were associated with shorter PFS in patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with ET (HR:4.18 95%CI:1.19–14.63); this association was not seen when patients were classified by mutational status.

Conclusions
Phosphoprotein-based measurements of drug targets and downstream substrates should be captured along with genomic information to identify MBCs driven by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling.
Combining RAS(ON) G12C-selective inhibitor with SHP2 inhibition sensitises lung tumours to immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Anastasiou Panayiotis , Moore Christopher , Rana Sareena , Tomaschko Mona , Pillsbury Claire E. , de Castro Andrea , Boumelha Jesse , Mugarza Edurne , de Carné Trécesson Sophie , Mikolajczak Ania , Blaj Cristina , Goldstone Robert , Smith Jacqueline A. M. , Quintana Elsa , Molina-Arcas Miriam , Downward Julian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMutant selective drugs targeting the inactive, GDP-bound form of KRASG12C have been approved for use in lung cancer, but resistance develops rapidly. Here we use an inhibitor, (RMC-4998) that targets RASG12C in its active, GTP-bound form, to treat KRAS mutant lung cancer in various immune competent mouse models. RAS pathway reactivation after RMC-4998 treatment could be delayed using combined treatment with a SHP2 inhibitor, which not only impacts tumour cell RAS signalling but also remodels the tumour microenvironment to be less immunosuppressive. In an immune inflamed model, RAS and SHP2 inhibitors in combination drive durable responses by suppressing tumour relapse and inducing development of immune memory. In an immune excluded model, combined RAS and SHP2 inhibition sensitises tumours to immune checkpoint blockade, leading to efficient tumour immune rejection. These preclinical results demonstrate the potential of the combination of RAS(ON) G12C-selective inhibitors with SHP2 inhibitors to sensitize tumours to immune checkpoint blockade.
Single-cell CAR T atlas reveals type 2 function in 8-year leukaemia remission
Authors: Bai Zhiliang , Feng Bing , McClory Susan E. , de Oliveira Beatriz Coutinho , Diorio Caroline , Gregoire Céline , Tao Bo , Yang Luojia , Zhao Ziran , Peng Lei , Sferruzza Giacomo , Zhou Liqun , Zhou Xiaolei , Kerr Jessica , Baysoy Alev , Su Graham , Yang Mingyu , Camara Pablo G. , Chen Sidi , Tang Li , June Carl H. , Melenhorst J. Joseph , Grupp Stephan A. , Fan Rong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite a high response rate in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL)1–3, approximately 50% of patients relapse within the first year4–6, representing an urgent question to address in the next stage of cellular immunotherapy. Here, to investigate the molecular determinants of ultralong CAR T cell persistence, we obtained a single-cell multi-omics atlas from 695,819 pre-infusion CAR T cells at the basal level or after CAR-specific stimulation from 82 paediatric patients with ALL enrolled in the first two CAR T ALL clinical trials and 6 healthy donors. We identified that elevated type 2 functionality in CAR T infusion products is significantly associated with patients maintaining a median B cell aplasia duration of 8.4 years. Analysis of ligand–receptor interactions revealed that type 2 cells regulate a dysfunctional subset to maintain whole-population homeostasis, and the addition of IL-4 during antigen-specific activation alleviates CAR T cell dysfunction while enhancing fitness at both transcriptomic and epigenomic levels. Serial proteomic profiling of sera after treatment revealed a higher level of circulating type 2 cytokines in 5-year or 8-year relapse-free responders. In a leukaemic mouse model, type 2high CAR T cell products demonstrated superior expansion and antitumour activity, particularly after leukaemia rechallenge. Restoring antitumour efficacy in type 2low CAR T cells was attainable by enhancing their type 2 functionality, either through incorporating IL-4 into the manufacturing process or by priming manufactured CAR T products with IL-4 before infusion. Our findings provide insights into the mediators of durable CAR T therapy response and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to sustain long-term remission by boosting type 2 functionality in CAR T cells.
Larger and more instructable language models become less reliable
Authors: Zhou Lexin , Schellaert Wout , Martínez-Plumed Fernando , Moros-Daval Yael , Ferri Cèsar , Hernández-Orallo José 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe prevailing methods to make large language models more powerful and amenable have been based on continuous scaling up (that is, increasing their size, data volume and computational resources1) and bespoke shaping up (including post-filtering2,3, fine tuning or use of human feedback4,5). However, larger and more instructable large language models may have become less reliable. By studying the relationship between difficulty concordance, task avoidance and prompting stability of several language model families, here we show that easy instances for human participants are also easy for the models, but scaled-up, shaped-up models do not secure areas of low difficulty in which either the model does not err or human supervision can spot the errors. We also find that early models often avoid user questions but scaled-up, shaped-up models tend to give an apparently sensible yet wrong answer much more often, including errors on difficult questions that human supervisors frequently overlook. Moreover, we observe that stability to different natural phrasings of the same question is improved by scaling-up and shaping-up interventions, but pockets of variability persist across difficulty levels. These findings highlight the need for a fundamental shift in the design and development of general-purpose artificial intelligence, particularly in high-stakes areas for which a predictable distribution of errors is paramount.
Human hippocampal and entorhinal neurons encode the temporal structure of experience
Authors: Tacikowski Pawel , Kalender Güldamla , Ciliberti Davide , Fried Itzhak 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExtracting the underlying temporal structure of experience is a fundamental aspect of learning and memory that allows us to predict what is likely to happen next. Current knowledge about the neural underpinnings of this cognitive process in humans stems from functional neuroimaging research1–5. As these methods lack direct access to the neuronal level, it remains unknown how this process is computed by neurons in the human brain. Here we record from single neurons in individuals who have been implanted with intracranial electrodes for clinical reasons, and show that human hippocampal and entorhinal neurons gradually modify their activity to encode the temporal structure of a complex image presentation sequence. This representation was formed rapidly, without providing specific instructions to the participants, and persisted when the prescribed experience was no longer present. Furthermore, the structure recovered from the population activity of hippocampal–entorhinal neurons closely resembled the structural graph defining the sequence, but at the same time, also reflected the probability of upcoming stimuli. Finally, learning of the sequence graph was related to spontaneous, time-compressed replay of individual neurons’ activity corresponding to previously experienced graph trajectories. These findings demonstrate that neurons in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex integrate the ‘what’ and ‘when’ information to extract durable and predictive representations of the temporal structure of human experience.