bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Use of Extracellular Vesicles for the HER2 Status Assessment in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Moon Sol , Kim Seung Il , Lee Suji , Lee Hyojung , Kim Young , Kim Joon Ye , Kim Min Woo , Kim Jee Ye 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHuman epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐targeted therapies are effective in patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer. Recent advances have shown that HER2‐targeted therapies can also be of benefit when treating tumors expressing low levels of HER2, highlighting the importance of identifying the HER2‐low subgroup. This clinical trend has opened new therapeutic avenues for patients who were previously ineligible for HER2‐targeted therapies. Thus, the development of new diagnostic methods for real‐time HER2 profiling is crucial for accurately tailoring the treatment for these patients. We hypothesized that tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) could reflect the HER2 profiles of primary tumors and potentially serve as diagnostic tools for HER2 status. This approach was validated using six breast cancer cell lines, which confirmed that the TEVs accurately reflected the HER2 profiles of the tumor cells. TEVs were isolated using an immunoaffinity method, and copy number variation (CNV) in the ERBB2/EIF2C ratio was assessed using droplet digital PCR of DNA from these vesicles. Clinical validation using plasma samples from 33 breast cancer patients further reinforced the diagnostic potential of our method. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis of the flow cytometry results demonstrated that TEVs reflected HER2 expression in primary cells. To distinguish between HER2‐negative and HER2‐low patients, the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve in our method was 0.796, with a sensitivity of 53.8% and a specificity of 100%. These findings suggest the clinical utility of extracellular vesicles derived from plasma and emphasize the need for further research to distinguish HER2‐negative from HER2‐low patients.
Evaluation of Groundwater Potential Zones Using GIS‐Based Machine Learning Ensemble Models in the Gidabo Watershed, Ethiopia
Authors: Mussa Mussa Muhaba , Lohani Tarun Kumar , Eshete Abunu Atlabachew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to map and evaluate groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) using advanced ensemble machine learning (ML) models, notably Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). GWPZs are identified by considering essential factors such as geology, drainage density, slope, land use/land cover (LULC), rainfall, soil, and lineament density. This is combined with datasets used for training and validating the RF and SVM models, which consisted of 75 potential sites (boreholes and springs), 22 non‐potential sites (bare lands and settlement areas), and 20 potential sites (water bodies). Each dataset is randomly partitioned into two sets: training (70%) and validation (30%). The model's performance is evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC). The AUC of the RF model is 0.91, compared to 0.88 for the SVM model. Both models classified GWPZs effectively, but the RF model performed slightly better. The classified GWPZ map shows that high GWPZs are typically located within water bodies, natural springs, low‐lying regions, and forested areas. In contrast, low GWPZs are primarily found in shrubland and grassland areas. This study is vital for decision‐makers as it promotes sustainable groundwater use and ensures water security in the studied area.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound for aiding diagnosis of congestive heart failure in the emergency department: A narrative review
Authors: Leung Tsui Chi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundCongestive heart failure (CHF) is a common condition that causes significant diagnostic challenges in the emergency department (ED). Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for the effective management of CHF and improving patient outcomes. This narrative review aims to provide a state‐of‐art review to summarize the current application of PoCUS for aiding the diagnosis of CHF in ED.MethodA targeted literature search in the databases of Ovid (Medline and Embase) and PubMed was performed. The search filters were set to “full text,” “English”, and “15 years.”ResultOne hundred sixty‐four journal articles were retrieved; the articles were reviewed by the author to decide whether they were relevant to this narrative review or not. Finally, 16 articles were selected.ConclusionPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (PoCUS) including focused cardiac, lung, and venous ultrasound plays a pivotal role in aiding the diagnosis of CHF in ED. These modalities offer rapid, noninvasive, and bedside assessments that are helpful in the emergency department setting.
Initial examination of use of the Brief Observation of Social‐Communication Change (BOSCC) across home and school contexts
Authors: Reszka Stephanie S. , Wallisch Anna , Boyd Brian A. , Watson Linda R. , Grasley‐Boy Nicolette 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the potential influences of administration context on the measurement of child skills. The Brief Observation of Social‐Communication Change (BOSCC) was administered at two time points to preschool‐aged children with autism in two contexts: (1) at school by trained research staff and (2) at home by the parent. Participants were of ages 3–5 years (M = 4.27 years) old with a confirmed diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Of the 13 participants (nine male), eight were White, three Asian, one Black and one White/Black; all identified as non‐Hispanic. The social‐communication and Core total scores yield similar information in both contexts, but Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors and Other Abnormal Behavior subscales scores were not related. These results underscore the importance of purposeful selection of measures and their administration context.
HIV deathrate prediction by Gaidai multivariate risks assessment method
Authors: Gaidai Oleg 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesHIV is a contagious disease with reportedly high transmissibility, being spread worldwide, with certain mortality, allegedly presenting a burden to public health worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine excessive HIV death risks at any time within any region or country of interest.Study designCurrent study presents a novel multivariate public health system bio‐risk assessment approach that is particularly applicable to environmental multi‐regional, biological, and public health systems, being observed over a representative period of time, yielding reliable long‐term HIV deathrate assessment. Hence, the development of a new bio‐statistical approach, that is, population‐based, multicenter, and medical survey‐based. The expansion of extreme value statistics from the univariate to the bivariate situation meets with numerous challenges. Firstly, the univariate extreme value types theorem cannot be directly extended to the bivariate (2D) case, ‐ not to mention challenges with system dimensionality higher than 2D.MethodsExisting bio‐statistical methods that process spatiotemporal clinical observations of multinational bio‐processes often do not have the advantage of efficiently dealing with high regional dimensionalities and complex nonlinear inter‐correlations between different national raw datasets. Hence, this study advocates the direct application of the novel bio‐statistical Gaidai method to a raw unfiltered clinical data set.ResultsThis investigation described the successful application of a novel bio‐risk assessment approach, yielding reliable long‐term HIV mortality risk assessments.ConclusionsThe suggested risk assessment methodology may be utilized in various public bio and public health clinical applications based on available raw patient survey datasets.
MRI findings and clinical testing for preoperative diagnosis of long head of the biceps pathology
Authors: Gallinet David , Antoni Maxime ,   ReSurg, Berhouet Julien , Charousset Christophe , Guery Jacques , van Rooij Floris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeDetermine whether combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) observations and clinical tests could substantially improve sensitivity for diagnosis of long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology.MethodsThe authors retrospectively assessed a consecutive series of 140 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for isolated supraspinatus tears. The presence of LHBT pathology was assessed preoperatively on MRI using three criteria and four clinical tests specific to shoulder injuries. Binary outcomes of MRI observations and four clinical tests were combined to identify combinations resulting in the best sensitivity using intra‐operative arthroscopic findings as reference.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 100 shoulders (58 men and 42 women) aged 56.6 ± 9.4 years (range, 30–76) at index surgery. A total of 29 combinations were tested to obtain the best diagnostic algorithm for LHBT pathologies. Only four combinations reached a sensitivity ≥0.75, but had a specificity <0.45. The ‘Speed or Signal’ combination achieved the highest sensitivity (Se: 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73%–0.96%; Sp: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.10%–0.33%).ConclusionThe most important findings of this study were that, for the diagnosis of LHBT pathology using clinical tests alone, the Speed test had the highest sensitivity (Se, 0.74), and using MRI observations alone, the signal intensity had the highest sensitivity (Se, 0.68). Combination of ‘Speed test or Signal intensity’ substantially improved the sensitivity (Se, 0.88) but yielded the lowest specificity (Sp, 0.20). The clinical relevance of these findings is that using the combination ‘Speed or Signal’ for preoperative diagnosis, 88% of pathologic LHBTs would be correctly diagnosed, while 80% of healthy LHBTs could be misdiagnosed as pathologic.Level of EvidenceDiagnostic study, Level IV.
Malnutrition risk screening in adult oncology outpatients: An ASPEN systematic review and clinical recommendations
Authors: Trujillo Elaine B. , Kadakia Kunal C. , Thomson Cynthia , Zhang Fang Fang , Livinski Alicia , Pollard Kim , Mattox Todd , Tucker Anne , Williams Valaree , Walsh Declan , Clinton Steven , Grossberg Aaron , Jensen Gordon , Levin Rhone , Mills Jeannine , Singh Anurag , Smith Meredith , Stubbins Renee , Wiley Kathleen , Sullivan Kristen , Platek Mary , Spees Colleen K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition screening is not widely practiced in outpatient cancer centers. This review aims to determine the validity of malnutrition screening tools and provide recommendations for clinical use.MethodsStudies identified by a systematic review assessed the general validity of screening tools in adult oncology outpatients from five databases through 2022. The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) convened a working group of members from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Academy of Oncology Nurse and Patient Navigators, American Cancer Society, American Society for Clinical Oncology, American Society for Nutrition, American Society for Radiation Oncology, Association of Cancer Care Centers, and Oncology Nursing Society to answer the following questions: (1) should clinicians screen for malnutrition, (2) which malnutrition screening tools are recommended, and (3) what are the clinical applications for malnutrition risk screening in adult oncology outpatients?ResultsTwenty of 738 studies met the criteria and were reviewed. Six screening tools with specific cut‐points demonstrated validity and are recommended, including the Mini Nutritional Assessment (≤23.5), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST; MST ≥ 2 and patient‐led MST ≥ 2), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST; MUST ≥ 1 and MUST ≥ 2), Nutrition Risk Screening‐2002 (NRS‐2002; NRS‐2002 ≥ 2 and NRS‐2002 ≥ 3), NUTRISCORE ≥ 5, and Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG‐SGA SF; PG‐SGA SF ≥ 7 and PG‐SGA SF ≥ 8).ConclusionSix screening tools are valid for malnutrition risk identification in oncology ambulatory settings and recommended before treatment initiation and regularly thereafter, depending on treatment course. Research is needed to understand to what extent early diagnosis and management of malnutrition improves the clinical care of oncology patients.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials from Vegetable Oils
Authors: Laurent Eline , Maric Milan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe production of materials based on fossil resources is yielding more sustainable and ecologically beneficial methods. Vegetable oils (VO) are one example of base materials whose derivatives rival the properties of their petro‐based counterparts. Gaps exist however and one way to fill them is by employing sol–gel processes to synthesize organic–inorganic hybrid materials, often derived from silane/siloxane compounds. Creating Si─O─Si inorganic networks in the organic VO matrix permits the attainment of necessary strength, among other property enhancements. Consequently, many efforts have been directed to optimally achieve organic–inorganic hybrid materials with VOs. However, compatibilization is challenging, and desirable conditions for matching the inorganic filler in the organic matrix remain a key stumbling block toward wider application. Therefore, this review aims to detail recent progress on these new hybrids, focusing on the main strategies to polymerize and functionalize the raw VO, followed by routes highlighting the addition of the inorganic fillers to obtain desirable composites.
Contemporary surgical management of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Callan Alexandra K. , Alexander John H. , Montgomery Nicole I. , Lindberg Antoinette W. , Scharschmidt Thomas J. , Binitie Odion 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe incidence of malignant bone tumors has remained relatively stable over the past two decades between 8% and 9% per 1,000,000 in North America. Multidisciplinary treatment is paramount for optimal care combining surgical resection, chemotherapy, and rehabilitation. Surgical treatment aims for a negative margin resection of the sarcoma with a personalized reconstruction plan. Limb salvage surgery (LSS) is possible in the majority of cases; however, amputation (including rotationplasty) may be required or preferred. Reconstruction can be achieved utilizing endoprostheses, allograft, autograft, or a combination of these techniques. Emerging technologies such as 3D printing of implants and cutting guides, and intraoperative navigation have helped to improve options for LSS.
To be or not to be, when synthetic data meet clinical pharmacology: A focused study on pharmacogenetics
Authors: Woillard Jean‐Baptiste , Benoist Clément , Destere Alexandre , Labriffe Marc , Marchello Giulia , Josse Julie , Marquet Pierre 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe use of synthetic data in pharmacology research has gained significant attention due to its potential to address privacy concerns and promote open science. In this study, we implemented and compared three synthetic data generation methods, CT‐GAN, TVAE, and a simplified implementation of Avatar, for a previously published pharmacogenetic dataset of 253 patients with one measurement per patient (non‐longitudinal). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of these methods in terms of data utility and privacy trade off. Our results showed that CT‐GAN and Avatar used with k = 10 (number of patients used to create the local model of generation) had the best overall performance in terms of data utility and privacy preservation. However, the TVAE method showed a relatively lower level of performance in these aspects. In terms of Hazard ratio estimation, Avatar with k = 10 produced HR estimates closest to the original data, whereas CT‐GAN slightly underestimated the HR and TVAE showed the most significant deviation from the original HR. We also investigated the effect of applying the algorithms multiple times to improve results stability in terms of HR estimation. Our findings suggested that this approach could be beneficial, especially in the case of small datasets, to achieve more reliable and robust results. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the performance of CT‐GAN, TVAE, and Avatar methods for synthetic data generation in pharmacogenetic research. The application to other type of data and analyses (data driven) used in pharmacology should be further investigated.
Neural‐Network‐Based Finite‐Horizon Estimation for Complex Networks With Probabilistic Quantizations and Sensor Faults
Authors: Xu Chao , Wang Hanbo , Shen Yuxuan , Sun Jing , Dong Hongli 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, the problem of finite‐horizon state estimation is studied for a class of time‐varying complex networks with sensor faults. The phenomenon of measurement quantization is considered such that the measurements are quantized probabilistically before transmitted to the state estimator. To deal with the unknown sensor fault, a neural network is introduced to appropriate the sensor fault whose weights are updated based on estimation error and the gradient descent method. Our aim is to design state estimators so that the state estimation errors are finite‐time bounded. First, sufficient conditions are established to ensure the existence of the desired state estimators. Then, the gains of the state estimators are derived in terms of the solutions to a set of recursive matrix inequalities. Finally, the usefulness of our estimation approach is confirmed by an illustrative example.
Mechanical‐performance deterioration of RC segment of shield tunnel under high corrosion degree and the transformation of eccentric‐failure mode
Authors: Zhang Kangjian , Zhang Zhiqiang , Xu Jialei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReinforcement corrosion in shield tunnel segments has an important impact on the structure's bearing capacity and failure mode. Generally, a shield tunnel structure is under small eccentric compression, but if the reinforcement corrosion develops sufficiently, then a transition occurs from small to large eccentric load state, thereby lowering the structural bearing capacity and endangering the safety of tunnel operation. In the study reported here, based on the compressive bending load characteristics of the shield lining structure, corrosion test columns with small eccentric loading were designed to simulate the actual force state of the tunnel lining, and the whole evolution process of their mid‐span strain, ultimate bearing capacity, and cracks under different corrosion degrees was analyzed. With increasing corrosion, the bearing capacity, concrete strain, and depth of the compressive zone of a test column decrease more and more rapidly, and at the maximum corrosion degree of 68.32%, the maximum reduction of bearing capacity is 53.23%. The tests show that the failure mode of a test column with high corrosion degree (≥46.25%) is transformed from small to large eccentric failure. Based on theoretical analysis of the normal section bearing capacity of reinforced concrete flexural members, a theoretical method is proposed for calculating the critical corrosion degree for the tunnel lining structure to transform from small to large eccentric failure. The theoretical calculation method is verified against finite‐element calculations, and the present research results offer theoretical support for the durability design and safety evaluation of shield tunnel lining structures.
Is it all Phacelia pinnatifida? Molecular delimitations and taxonomic revision of Phacelia sect. Glandulosae in South America based on ddRADseq
Authors: Vasile Maria‐Anna , Böhnert Tim , O'Leary Nataly , Weigend Maximilian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhacelia sect. Glandulosae, with ca. 62 taxa, is the most diverse of the 11 sections of the genus Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae). The family is largely restricted to North and Central America, but the genus Phacelia has an amphitropical distribution with nine species reported from western South America, five of which have been assigned to P. sect. Glandulosae. These species are found in arid to semi‐arid Andean habitats between 1000 and 5000 m a.s.l. Species delimitation has long been confounded for this plant group in South America by some degree of taxonomic chaos – lack of typifications, dozens of synonyms, different names used for the same taxon between different countries – and poor representation in molecular phylogenies. Here, we try to improve our understanding by employing a ddRADseq strategy to investigate phylogenetic relationships of all South American representatives of P. sect. Glandulosae based on a total of 33 sampled specimens. Both maximum likelihood and species tree inference analyses of the ddRADseq data resulted in a well‐resolved topology. All five species currently recognized in P. sect. Glandulosae in South America form a highly supported monophylum including P. nana, previously considered as belonging to P. sect. Euglypta. However, the currently recognized morphospecies form a clade with very short branch lengths indicating coalescence processes at the level of population, except for P. artemisioides, which is clearly sister to the rest. Additionally, different morphospecies and ecotypes are largely retrieved as poly‐ and/or paraphyletic. Based on these results and on re‐evaluation of the morphological characters traditionally used to delineate species within P. sect. Glandulosae, we argue that these characters are of limited diagnostic value. We recommend recognizing only two South American species within this section: polymorphic P. pinnatifida and its closely related sister species P. artemisioides. A revised formal taxonomy is provided.
Past Answers to Present Concerns. The Relevance of the Premodern Past for 21st Century Policy Planners: Comments on the State of the Field
Authors: Haldon John , Mordechai Lee , Dugmore Andrew , Eisenberg Merle , Endfield Georgina , Izdebski Adam , Jackson Rowan , Kemp Luke , Labuhn Inga , McGovern Thomas , Metcalfe Sarah , Morrison Kathleen D. , Newfield Timothy , Trump Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHow is history relevant to the present, or indeed the future? Governments around the world have used history to inform planning and decision‐making in various fields for years, but more recently it has taken on a renewed importance as governments grapple with increasingly complex challenges arising from the impacts of climatic change. Yet identifying “lessons from the past” is not straightforward. Especially in the case of big questions about historical structures and social processes, establishing precise causal relationships is complex and interpretive, making consensus difficult among specialists. A second major challenge arises over the uses of history. Historical precedent can and does play a role in some contexts in helping formulate new strategies for addressing local environmental challenges. At the national level policy‐makers and politicians often look to the past for inspiration, guidance, or justification. In both respects, the cases and examples chosen are often highly selective and tend to align with pre‐existing assumptions. This article briefly reviews these challenges within the context of climate change and associated environmental and sustainability issues, comments on recent work in the field, and suggests some ways forward for historians.
Systemic Risk and Complex Networks in Modern Financial Systems
Authors: Pacelli Vincenzo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe crises of the last years have underlined how much the modern financial systems are today more exposed and vulnerable to systemic risk, defined as the risk of uncontrolled propagation of a crisis of a single player or area of an economic system to a wider system through contagion mechanisms. Systemic risk is more relevant today than in the past due to the increasing interconnection between the players in the economic system and the increasing speed of flows of goods, money and people. All this prompts us to reflect on the need to analyse, predict and manage systemic risk holistically and through the logical-conceptual schemes that can be borrowed from network science.