bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Validation of Patient‐Specific Pressure Gradient Calculations for Iliac Artery Stenosis Severity Assessment
Authors: Heinen Stefan G. H. , van den Heuvel Daniel A.F. , Huberts Wouter , de Boer Sanne W. , van de Vosse Frans N. , Delhaas Tammo , de Vries Jean‐Paul P. M. 
Published: December 2017

Background
Currently, the decision to treat iliac artery stenoses is mainly based on visual inspection of digital subtraction angiographies. Intra‐arterial pressure measurements can provide clinicians with accurate hemodynamic information. However, pressure measurements are rarely performed because of their invasiveness and the time required. Therefore, the aim of the study was to test the feasibility of a computational model that can predict translesional pressure gradients across iliac artery stenoses on the basis of imaging data only.

Methods and Results
Patients (N=21) with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease and a peak systolic velocity ratio between 2.5 and 5.0 were included in the study. Patients underwent per‐procedural 3‐dimensional rotational angiography and hyperemic intra‐arterial translesional pressure measurements. Vascular anatomical features were reconstructed from the 3‐dimensional rotational angiography data into an axisymmetrical 2‐dimensional computational mesh, and flow was estimated on the basis of the stenosis geometry. Computational fluid dynamics were performed to predict the pressure gradient and were compared with the measured pressure gradients. A good agreement by overlapping error bars of the predicted and measured pressure gradients was found in 21 of 25 lesions. Stratification of the stenosis on the basis of the predicted pressure gradient into hemodynamic not significant (<10 mm Hg) and hemodynamic significant (≥10 mm Hg) resulted in sensitivity, specificity, and overall predictive values of 95%, 60%, and 88%, respectively.

Conclusions
The feasibility of the patient‐specific computational model to predict the hyperemic translesional pressure gradient over iliac artery stenosis was successfully tested. Presented results suggest that, with further optimization and corroboration, the model can become a valuable aid to the diagnosis of equivocal iliac artery stenosis.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.trialregister.nl
. Unique identifier:
NTR
5085.
Forensic odontology
Authors: Robson John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Forensic Odontology (or Forensic Dentistry) can be defined as the branch of dentistry that addresses the proper handling and examination of dental evidence and the evaluation and presentation of dental findings in the interests of justice. In the UK, this usually involves solicitors, barristers, coroners, coroner's officers and the police, and can require appearances and/or presentations and/or formal reports to Crown Courts, Magistrate's Courts, Coroner's Courts and occasionally Civil Courts. Forensic odontologists often work abroad and therefore must be adaptable to the demands and limitations of foreign jurisdictions in relation to international criminal proceedings, suspicious deaths and mass fatality events. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Forensic odontology depends on meticulous record-keeping and accuracy.
Management of enamel defects: a case report of identical twins with enamel defects of the permanent dentition
Authors: Chesterman James , Durey Kathryn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Enamel defects have a wide range of aetiology and can be challenging to diagnose. Largely, the management of enamel defects is determined by the severity. As most patients with enamel defects present at a young age, conservative treatment is a priority. Nevertheless, indirect restorations have a role in restoring severely broken down teeth. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of identical twins with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Many of the techniques discussed can be applied to a wide presentation of enamel defects and are not limited to the management of MIH.CPD/Clinical Relevance: The restorative management of enamel defects can be challenging but priority should be given to conservative treatment techniques for young patients.
Tooth anatomy: A practical guide part 1: drawing posterior teeth
Authors: Mackenzie Louis 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Understanding the anatomy of anterior and posterior teeth is important as the main aims of restorative dentistry are to restore the form, function and the aesthetics of damaged teeth. The anatomy of individual teeth is complex and infinitely variable, making it difficult to learn and challenging to teach. As tooth anatomy programs often occur in the early part of pre-clinical training it may also be difficult for clinical students to recall anatomical principles and apply them later to restorative treatment. This paper is the first of two describing an innovative method of teaching and learning tooth anatomy that includes a program of step-by-step drawing exercises. The posterior tooth drawing exercises described here and the anterior versions in part two were originally designed for undergraduates studying tooth anatomy for the first time. Since their inception these exercises have also proved popular with experienced clinicians aiming to refine their dental anatomical knowledge for application in restorative procedures. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Detailed understanding of tooth anatomy will help clinicians to plan, accurately and predictably, the restoration of posterior and anterior teeth.
The importance of communication in dentistry
Authors: Waylen Andrea 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Good communication between patient and dentist is associated with increased efficiency and more accurate diagnosis, improved patient outcomes and satisfaction and less likelihood of complaints or litigation. Communication is also a complex (and clinical) skill but, interestingly, its importance is not always accepted or valued, either by students or those with more experience.The aim of this paper is to review the evidence about communication within the context of the dental setting. The need for good communication generally is considered, as is its role in managing anxious patients and in avoiding misunderstanding. Ways in which communication skills can be assessed and updated are also discussed.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists who spend time communicating effectively with their patients and colleagues are likely to have better interpersonal relationships and a more satisfying working life. This, in turn, is likely to make consultations more efficient and improve patient outcomes.
Simultaneous Treatment of Pelvic and Urological Injuries
Authors: Lamin Eliza , Kovell Robert Caleb , DeFroda Steven F. 
Published: December 2017

* Pelvic fractures can be due to high-energy trauma and can result in an injury to internal structures, specifically of the urological system.* Complex pelvic trauma requires a multidisciplinary approach with collaboration between orthopaedists and urologists to maximize long-term outcomes.* Every pelvic fracture must be treated with aggressive initial stabilization followed by evaluation to diagnose the extent of injury in order to prevent further complications and to maximize long-term function.* Pelvic fractures can lead to long-term orthopaedic complications such as accelerated degenerative arthritis, nonunion, infection, and chronic pain.* In addition to osseous injury, common urological injuries associated with pelvic fractures include injuries of the bladder and urethra as well as long-term sexual dysfunction.
Response of Maize to the Soil Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Fertilizers
Authors: Sapkota Arati , Shrestha Ram Kumar , Chalise Devraj 
Published: December 2017

Poor nutrient management is one of the key factors contributing to decline in the productivity of maize in Nepal. Few studies have been done on developing site and variety specific fertilizer recommendation. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at National Maize Research Program (NMRP) Rampur, Chitwan during winter season in September 2016 to study the response of hybrid maize (RML95/RML96) to different doses of soil application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). The treatments included were 120:60, 120 :( 40+20), 160:60, 160 :( 40+20), 200:60, 200 :( 40+20), 240:60, and 240 :( 40+20) N: P kg ha-1. Potassium fertilizer was fixed and applied as per the Government recommendation i.e., 40 kg K ha-1.Eight treatments were replicated three times in randomized complete block design and maize was planted in six rows of four meter long plot. The research findings revealed that each level of N significantly increased grain yield up to 240 kg N ha-1. The grain yield (8.8 t ha-1) obtained under 240 kg N ha-1 was significantly higher than that obtained under 120,160 and 200 kg N ha-1. However, the results revealed that split application of P failed to bring about any significant difference in the grain yield as well as yield parameters of maize. We can, thus conclude that the addition of increasing rate of N increases the yield and yield attributing characters of maize. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 537-541
Asymmetric Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability at Jupiter's Magnetopause Boundary: Implications for Corotation‐Dominated Systems
Authors: Zhang B. , Delamere P. A. , Ma X. , Burkholder B. , Wiltberger M. , Lyon J. G. , Merkin V. G. , Sorathia K. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe multifluid Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry (MFLFM) global magnetosphere model is used to study the interactions between solar wind and rapidly rotating, internally driven Jupiter magnetosphere. The MFLFM model is the first global simulation of Jupiter magnetosphere that captures the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) in the critically important subsolar region. Observations indicate that Kelvin‐Helmholtz vortices are found predominantly in the dusk sector. Our simulations explain that this distribution is driven by the growth of KHI modes in the prenoon and subsolar region (e.g., >10 local time) that are advected by magnetospheric flows to the dusk sector. The period of density fluctuations at the dusk terminator flank (18 magnetic local time, MLT) is roughly 1.4 h compared with 7.2 h at the dawn flank (6 MLT). Although the simulations are only performed using parameters of the Jupiter's magnetosphere, the results may also have implications for solar wind‐magnetosphere interactions at other corotation‐dominated systems such as Saturn. For instance, the simulated average azimuthal speed of magnetosheath flows exhibit significant dawn‐dusk asymmetry, consistent with recent observations at Saturn. The results are particularly relevant for the ongoing Juno mission and the analysis of dawnside magnetopause boundary crossings for other planetary missions.
Swimming Endurance in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Infected with Salmincola californiensis
Authors: Herron Crystal L. , Kent M. L. , Schreck C. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha moving downstream through tributaries of the upper Willamette River basin can spend months in reservoirs created by dams. While residing in the reservoirs, they often obtain heavy infections of the freshwater parasitic copepod Salmincola californiensis. The physiologic effect these parasites have on salmonids is poorly understood. We developed a method to infect juvenile Chinook Salmon in a laboratory with the copepodid stage of S. californiensis. Infected and uninfected fish were subjected to a swimming challenge to ascertain swimming endurance. Severity of gill damage was assessed using a dissecting microscope. Juvenile Chinook Salmon naturally infected with S. californiensis in Cougar Reservoir, Oregon, were also challenged and compared with their lab-infected counterparts. Copepod infection greatly impaired the swimming ability of laboratory fish, and the naturally infected fish were entirely incapable of swimming at low velocity. Chinook Salmon collected in the wild were more heavily infected than the laboratory fish and had trouble surviving collection and transport to our laboratory. The intensity of infection and severity of gill damage were positively correlated with diminished swimming ability, suggesting that heavy infection with copepods impairs gas exchange and osmotic regulation, which likely results in diminished fitness and decreased survival of infected fish.
Antimonene: A Novel 2D Nanomaterial for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Martínez‐Periñán Emiliano , Down Michael P. , Gibaja Carlos , Lorenzo Encarnación , Zamora Félix , Banks Craig E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn pursuing higher energy density, without compromising the power density of supercapacitor platforms, the application of an advanced 2D nanomaterial is utilized to maximize performance. Antimonene, for the first time, is characterized as a material for applications in energy storage, being applied as an electrode material as the basis of a supercapacitor. Antimonene is shown to significantly improve the energy storage capabilities of a carbon electrode in both cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charging. Antimonene demonstrates remarkable performance with a capacitance of 1578 F g−1, with a high charging current density of 14 A g−1. Hence, antimonene is shown to be a highly promising material for energy storage applications. The system also demonstrates a highly competitive energy and power densities of 20 mW h kg−1 and 4.8 kW kg−1, respectively. In addition to the excellent charge storing abilities, antimonene shows good cycling capabilities.
Redox‐Active Peptide‐Functionalized Quinquethiophene‐Based Electrochromic π‐Gel
Authors: Konda Maruthi , Maiti Sayan , Jadhav Rohit G. , Das Apurba K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn electrochromic system based on a self‐assembled dipeptide‐appended redox‐active quinquethiophene π‐gel is reported. The designed peptide‐quinquethiophene consists of a symmetric bolaamphiphile that has two segments: a redox‐active π‐conjugated quinquethiophene core for electrochromism, and peptide motif for the involvement of molecular self‐assembly. Investigations reveal that self‐assembly and electrochromic properties of the π‐gel are strongly dependent on the relative orientation of peptidic and quinquethiophene scaffolds in the self‐assembly system. The colors of the π‐gel film are very stable with fast and controlled switching speed at room temperature.
Nanomechanics of actin filament: A molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Shamloo Amir , Mehrafrooz Behzad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractActin is known as the most abundant essentially protein in eukaryotic cells. Actin plays a crucial role in many cellular processes involving mechanical forces such as cell motility, adhesion, muscle contraction, and intracellular transport. However, little is known about the mechanical properties of this protein when subjected to mechanical forces in cellular processes. In this article, a series of large‐scale molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to elucidate nanomechanical behavior such as elastic and viscoelastic properties of a single actin filament. Here, we used two individual methods namely, all‐atoms and coarse‐grained molecular dynamics, to evaluate elastic properties of a single actin filament. In the other word, based on Brownian motions of the filament and using the principle of the equipartition theorem, in aqueous solution, tensile stiffness, torsional rigidity, and bending rigidity of the single actin filament are studied. The results revealed that increasing the sampling window time leads to convergence of obtained mechanical properties to the experimental values. Moreover, in order to investigate viscoelastic properties of a single actin filament, constant force steered molecular dynamics method is used to apply different external tensile loads and perform five individual creep tests on the molecule. The strain‐time response of the filament for each creep test is obtained. Based on the Kelvin‐Voigt model, the results reveal that a single actin filament shows a nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, with a Young's modulus of 2.85 GPa, a viscosity of 4.06 GPa.ns, and a relaxation time in the range of 1.42 ns which were measured here for the first time at the single filament level. The findings of this article suggest that molecular dynamics simulations could also be a useful tool for investigating the mechanical behavior of bio‐nanomaterials.
Simulated climate change affects how biocrusts modulate water gains and desiccation dynamics after rainfall events
Authors: Lafuente Angela , Berdugo Miguel , Ladrón de Guevara Mónica , Gozalo Beatriz , Maestre Fernando T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSoil surface communities dominated by mosses, lichens, and cyanobacteria (biocrusts) are common between vegetation patches in drylands worldwide and are known to affect soil wetting and drying after rainfall events. Although ongoing climate change is already warming and changing rainfall patterns of drylands in many regions, little is known on how these changes may affect the hydrological behaviour of biocrust‐covered soils. We used 8 years of continuous soil moisture and rainfall data from a climate change experiment in central Spain to explore how biocrusts modify soil water gains and losses after rainfall events under simulated changes in temperature (2.5 °C warming) and rainfall (33% reduction). Both rainfall amount and biocrust cover increased soil water gains after rainfall events, whereas experimental warming, rainfall intensity, and initial soil moisture decreased them. Initial moisture, maximum temperature, and biocrust cover, by means of enhancing potential evapotranspiration or by soil darkening, increased the drying rates and enhanced the exponential behaviour of the drying events. Meanwhile, warming reduced their exponential behaviour. The effects of climate change treatments on soil water gains and losses changed through time, with important differences between the first 2 years of the experiment and 5 years after its set‐up. These effects were mainly driven by the important reductions in biocrust cover and diversity observed under warming. Our results highlight the importance of long‐term studies to understand soil moisture responses to ongoing climate change in drylands.
Rapid screening of inorganic and organic anions in liquid by‐products from hydrothermal treatment of biomass by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Nakatani Nobutake , Mosqueda Alexander , Cabot Joan Marc , Rodriguez Estrella Sanz , Yoshikawa Kunio , Paull Brett 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis method with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D) for the simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic anions in liquid product obtained from the hydrothermal treatment of biomass residues is presented. Under the optimal analytical conditions, limits of detection ranged from 1.8 to 9.4 μM for most target solutes and 53 μM for citrate. Relative standard deviations were below 0.5% for migration times and within 0.6–6.5% for peak areas for all solutes. The proposed method was successfully applied for the rapid determination and screening of inorganic and organic anions in liquid product produced following differing hydrothermal treatment temperatures for banana and pineapple biomass, and the contribution of organic acid formation to acidity in the liquid was evaluated. CE‐C4D could be a suitable method for the optimization or tailoring of HTT conditions for desired liquid product composition, and additionally for determination of the best variety(s) of biomass to use in such processes.
Impact of IL‐22 and IL‐22 receptor alpha 1 polymorphisms on preeclampsia risk in Chinese Han women
Authors: Niu Zhaoyuan , Zhao Xin , Liu Hongling , Quan Jing , Lin Yan , Li Jing , Wang Jingli , Liu Mengchun , Song Weiqing , Chen Aiping , Liu Shiguo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that an increased inflammatory response plays an important role in preeclampsia (PE), and rising levels of interleukin (IL)‐22 can trigger inflammation and hyperproliferation, leading to increased production of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐8. We aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms of IL‐22 and IL‐22 receptor alpha 1 gene (IL‐22RA1) and PE in Chinese Han population. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2227485 in IL‐22 and rs3795299 in IL‐22RA were genotyped by Taqman real‐time PCR in 1071 PE patients and 1263 control subjects. Differences in genetic distribution were compared between two groups using the chi‐square test. Significant differences were observed in genotypic and allelic frequencies of IL‐22RA1 rs3795299 between healthy controls and PE patients (P < 0.001 by genotype; P = 0.001, odds ratio = 1.253, 95% confidence interval 1.103‐1.424 by allele). There were also significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs3795299 between late‐onset/mild PE and control groups. In addition, we found obvious statistic difference for the allele of early‐onset PE/the genotype of late‐onset PE and control subgroups for IL‐22 rs2227485. IL‐22 rs2227485 and IL‐22RA1 rs3795299 may be associated with the development of PE in Chinese Han population. However, further validation is required in other populations, as well as an evaluation of the association of other SNPs in IL‐22 and IL‐22RA1 with PE.
Pain in SCN4A Mutated P.A1156T muscle sodium channelopathy—a postal survey
Authors: Suokas Kimmo , Palmio Johanna , Sandell Satu , Udd Bjarne , Hietaharju Aki 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The p.A1156T mutation alters the function of the voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.4 on the muscle sarcolemma, causing a channelopathy without overt myotonia or periodic paralysis but with myalgic pain. Methods: A postal survey was conducted to assess the prevalence and characteristics of pain and related symptoms in individuals with the p.A1156T mutation. A specific questionnaire, intensity and interference subscales of the Brief Pain Inventory, pain drawing, Widespread Pain Index, quality of life (RAND‐36), and the Beck Depression Inventory were completed. Results: Twenty of 24 patients replied. Current pain was reported by 16 respondents; the other 4 had experienced pain previously. Most commonly, pain was widespread and exercise‐induced. The severity and the impact of pain on daily life were considerable, although varied. Discussion: This sodium channelopathy is another entity in the growing number of diseases causing widespread myalgic pain that resembles the pain seen in fibromyalgia syndrome. Muscle Nerve 57: 1014–1017, 2018