bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in tidal wetland soils of the continental United States
Authors: Hinson Audra L. , Feagin Rusty A. , Eriksson Marian , Najjar Raymond G. , Herrmann Maria , Bianchi Thomas S. , Kemp Michael , Hutchings Jack A. , Crooks Steve , Boutton Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTidal wetlands contain large reservoirs of carbon in their soils and can sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) at a greater rate per unit area than nearly any other ecosystem. The spatial distribution of this carbon influences climate and wetland policy. To assist with international accords such as the Paris Climate Agreement, national‐level assessments such as the United States (U.S.) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, and regional, state, local, and project‐level evaluation of CO2 sequestration credits, we developed a geodatabase (CoBluCarb) and high‐resolution maps of soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution by linking National Wetlands Inventory data with the U.S. Soil Survey Geographic Database. For over 600,000 wetlands, the total carbon stock and organic carbon density was calculated at 5‐cm vertical resolution from 0 to 300 cm of depth. Across the continental United States, there are 1,153–1,359 Tg of SOC in the upper 0–100 cm of soils across a total of 24 945.9 km2 of tidal wetland area, twice as much carbon as the most recent national estimate. Approximately 75% of this carbon was found in estuarine emergent wetlands with freshwater tidal wetlands holding about 19%. The greatest pool of SOC was found within the Atchafalaya/Vermilion Bay complex in Louisiana, containing about 10% of the U.S. total. The average density across all tidal wetlands was 0.071 g cm−3 across 0–15 cm, 0.055 g cm−3 across 0–100 cm, and 0.040 g cm−3 at the 100 cm depth. There is inherent variability between and within individual wetlands; however, we conclude that it is possible to use standardized values at a range of 0–100 cm of the soil profile, to provide first‐order quantification and to evaluate future changes in carbon stocks in response to environmental perturbations. This Tier 2‐oriented carbon stock assessment provides a scientific method that can be copied by other nations in support of international requirements.
Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of Nuwiq® (human‐cl rhFVIII) in previously untreated patients with severe haemophilia A—Interim results from the NuProtect Study
Authors: Liesner R. J. , Abashidze M. , Aleinikova O. , Altisent C. , Belletrutti M. J. , Borel‐Derlon A. , Carcao M. , Chambost H. , Chan A. K. C. , Dubey L. , Ducore J. , Fouzia N. A. , Gattens M. , Gruel Y. , Guillet B. , Kavardakova N. , El Khorassani M. , Klukowska A. , Lambert T. , Lohade S. , Sigaud M. , Turea V. , Wu J. K. M. , Vdovin V. , Pavlova A. , Jansen M. , Belyanskaya L. , Walter O. , Knaub S. , Neufeld E. J. 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionNuwiq® (Human‐cl rhFVIII) is a fourth generation recombinant FVIII, produced in a human cell line, without chemical modification or protein fusion. No inhibitors developed in studies with Nuwiq® in 201 previously treated patients with haemophilia A (HA). The immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of Nuwiq® in previously untreated patients (PUPs) with severe HA are being assessed in the ongoing NuProtect study.MethodsThe study, conducted across 38 centres worldwide, is evaluating 110 true PUPs of all ages and ethnicities enrolled for study up to 100 exposure days (EDs) or 5 years maximum. The primary objective is to assess the immunogenicity of Nuwiq® (inhibitor activity ≥0.6 BU) using the Nijmegen‐modified Bethesda assay at a central laboratory.ResultsData for 66 PUPs with ≥20 EDs from a preplanned interim analysis were analysed. High‐titre (HT) inhibitors developed in 8 of 66 patients after a median of 11.5 EDs (range 6‐24). Five patients developed low‐titre inhibitors (4 transient). The cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval) was 12.8% (4.5%, 21.2%) for HT inhibitors and 20.8% (10.7%, 31.0%) for all inhibitors. During inhibitor‐free periods, median annualized bleeding rates during prophylaxis were 0 for spontaneous bleeds and 2.40 for all bleeds. Efficacy was rated as “excellent” or “good” in treating 91.8% of bleeds. Efficacy of surgical prophylaxis was “excellent” or “good” for 8 (89%) procedures and “moderate” for 1 (11%). No tolerability concerns were evident.ConclusionThese interim data show a cumulative incidence of 12.8% for HT inhibitors and convincing efficacy and tolerability in PUPs treated with Nuwiq®.
Application of the condensed protocol for the NIA‐AA guidelines for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer's disease in an academic clinical practice
Authors: Bharadwaj Rajnish , Cimino Patrick J , Flanagan Margaret E , Latimer Caitlin S , Gonzalez‐Cuyar Luis F , Juric‐Sekhar Gordana , Montine Thomas J , Marshall Desiree A , Keene C. Dirk 
Published: August 2017

AimsIn response to concerns regarding resource expenditures required to implement fully the 2012 National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA‐AA) Sponsored Guidelines for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we previously developed a sensitive and cost‐reducing condensed protocol (CP) at the University of Washington (UW) Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) that consolidated the recommended NIA‐AA protocol into fewer cassettes requiring fewer immunohistochemical stains. The CP was not designed to replace NIA‐AA protocols, but instead to make the NIA‐AA criteria accessible to clinical and forensic neuropathology practices where resources limit full implementation of NIA‐AA guidelines.Methods and resultsIn this regard, we developed practical criteria to instigate CP sampling and immunostaining, and applied these criteria in an academic clinical neuropathological practice. During the course of 1 year, 73 cases were sampled using the CP; of those, 53 (72.6%) contained histological features that prompted CP work‐up. We found that the CP resulted in increased identification of AD and Lewy body disease neuropathological changes from what was expected using a clinical history‐driven work‐up alone, while saving approximately $900 per case.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility and cost‐savings of the CP applied to a clinical autopsy practice, and highlights potentially unrecognised neurodegenerative disease processes in the general ageing community.
HIV‐infected patients' beliefs about their chronic co‐treatments in comparison with their combined antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Kamal S , Bugnon O , Cavassini M , Schneider MP 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThanks to the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV‐infected patients can have almost a normal life expectancy. This has resulted in an aging HIV‐infected population with other chronic comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and depression. Our hypothesis is that patients' perceptions of and attitudes towards their cART, which is perceived as crucial to their survival, differ from their beliefs about their co‐treatments, and this may have an impact on their medication adherence.MethodsWe used the French version of the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ‐f) to measure the perceptions of patients about their co‐treatments and the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire for Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (BMQ‐HAART) to measure their beliefs about their cART in a representative sample (n = 150) of patients enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) and followed at the Infectious Disease Service at the University Hospital in Lausanne, Switzerland. The survey was administered to all eligible patients by the order of their scheduled appointments at the end of their medical visit. The BMQ comprises two subscores: Specific‐Necessity (5 identical items in BMQ‐f and BMQ‐HAART) and Specific‐Concerns (also 5 identical items in BMQ‐f and BMQ‐HAART). The subscores were standardized by dividing the score scale by the number of questions in the scale, resulting in a range of responses between 1 (low) and 5 (high). Self‐reported medication adherence was measured using the SHCS Adherence Questionnaire (SHCS‐AQ). Adherence was defined as not missing any dose or missing one dose of the treatment in the past 4 weeks. Sociodemographic variables were retrieved by reviewing the SHCS database.ResultsA response rate of 73% (109 of 150) was achieved. A total of 105 patients were included in the analysis: their median age was 56 [interquartile range (IQR) 51, 63] years and 74 were male (70%). Eighty‐seven patients (83%) were adherent to cART and 75 (71%) were adherent to their co‐treatments (P = 0.0001). The standardized mean responses for the BMQ Specific‐Necessity subscores were 4.46 [standard deviation (SD): 0.58] and 2.86 (SD: 1.02) for cART and co‐treatments, respectively (P < 0.0001). For Specific‐Concerns, the standardized mean responses were 2.9 (SD: 1.02) for cART and 4.09 (SD: 1.02) (P < 0.0001) for co‐treatments. cART and co‐treatment concerns increased as the number of co‐treatments increased (P = 0.03 and P < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsPatients had higher Necessity and lower Concerns scores for their cART in comparison with their co‐treatments. A higher percentage of patients reported being adherent to cART compared with the co‐treatments that they reported they were most likely to miss. Further research using a bigger sample size and more objective measures of adherence is needed to explore the association between adherence and patients' perceptions.
Pathophysiology of nocturnal lower urinary tract symptoms in older patients with urinary incontinence
Authors: Denys Marie‐Astrid , Decalf Veerle , Kumps Candy , Petrovic Mirko , Goessaert An‐Sofie , Everaert Karel 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo explore the mismatch between functional bladder capacity and nocturnal urine production, and to study the pathophysiology of an increased nocturnal urine production in older patients with urinary incontinence.MethodsThe present prospective observational study included adults aged ≥65 years with urinary incontinence. Participants completed questionnaires, frequency volume charts and renal function profiles. The nocturnal lower urinary tract symptom index was defined as nocturnal urine output/maximum voided volume; the nocturnal polyuria index as nocturnal/24 h urine output.ResultsThe median age (n = 95) was 74 years (69–79), 87% were women and 73% had nocturnal lower urinary tract symptoms (nocturnal urinary incontinence or nocturia ≥2). Participants with nocturnal lower urinary tract symptoms had a significantly higher nocturnal urine output (809 mL vs 650 mL; P = 0.001) and no significant difference in maximum voided volume (350 mL vs 437 mL; P = 0.079) compared with participants without nocturnal lower urinary tract symptoms. Participants (nocturnal polyuria index >33% [n = 56], nocturnal polyuria index >40% [n = 42], nocturnal lower urinary tract symptom index >1.87 [n = 51]) showed higher night‐time diuresis rates, free water and sodium clearance compared with during the daytime. Controls (nocturnal polyuria index ≤33% [n = 26], nocturnal polyuria index ≤40% [n = 40], nocturnal lower urinary tract symptom index ≤1.87 [n = 44]) had no circadian rhythm in their diuresis rate or sodium clearance, but more nocturnal free water clearance compared with during the daytime.ConclusionsThe majority of older adults with urinary incontinence present nocturnal lower urinary tract symptoms. An increased nocturnal sodium diuresis seems to be the only mechanism differentiating patients with nocturnal lower urinary tract symptoms from controls.
T helper type 1 polarizing γδ T cells and Scavenger receptors contribute to the pathogenesis of Pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Das Dayasagar , Anand Vivek , Khandpur Sujay , Sharma Vinod K. , Sharma Alpana 
Published: August 2017

Summaryγδ T cells and Scavenger receptors are key parts of the innate immune machinery, playing significant roles in regulating immune homeostasis at the epithelial surface. The roles of these immune components are not yet characterized for the autoimmune skin disorder Pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Phenotyping and frequency of γδ T cells estimated by flow cytometry have shown increased frequency of γδ T cells (6·7% versus 4·4%) producing interferon‐ γ (IFN‐γ; 35·2% versus 26·68%) in the circulation of patients compared with controls. Dual cytokine‐secreting (IFN‐γ and interleukin‐4) γδ T cells indicate the plasticity of these cells. The γδ T cells of patients with PV have shown higher cytotoxic potential and the higher frequency of γδ T cells producing IFN‐γ shows T helper type 1 polarization. The increased expression of Scavenger receptors expression (CD36 and CD163) could be contributing to the elevated inflammatory environment and immune imbalance in this disease. Targeting the inflammatory γδ T cells and Scavenger receptors may pave the way for novel therapeutics.
What Does Objective Mean in a Dirichlet‐multinomial Process?
Authors: Alvares Danilo , Armero Carmen , Forte Anabel 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe Dirichlet‐multinomial process can be seen as the generalisation of the binomial model with beta prior distribution when the number of categories is larger than two. In such a scenario, setting informative prior distributions when the number of categories is great becomes difficult, so the need for an objective approach arises. However, what does objective mean in the Dirichlet‐multinomial process? To deal with this question, we study the sensitivity of the posterior distribution to the choice of an objective Dirichlet prior from those presented in the available literature. We illustrate the impact of the selection of the prior distribution in several scenarios and discuss the most sensible ones.
Supporting end of life decision making: Case studies of relational closeness in supported decision making for people with severe or profound intellectual disability
Authors: Watson Joanne , Wilson Erin , Hagiliassis Nick 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) promotes the use of supported decision making in lieu of substitute decision making. To date, there has been a lack of focus on supported decision making for people with severe or profound intellectual disability, including for end of life decisions.MethodsFive people with severe or profound intellectual disability's experiences of supported decision making were examined. This article is particularly focused on one participant's experiences at the end of his life.ResultsAll five case studies identified that supporters were most effective in providing decision‐making support for participants when they were relationally close to the person and had knowledge of the person's life story, particularly in relation to events that demonstrated preference.ConclusionsFindings from this study provide new understandings of supported decision making for people with severe or profound intellectual disability and have particular relevance for supporting decision making at the end of life.
Biogeography and temporal progression during the evolution of striped dolphin population structure in European waters
Authors: Gkafas Georgios A. , Exadactylos Athanassios , Rogan Emer , Raga Juan Antonio , Reid Robert , Hoelzel A. Rus 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimWe investigated the population genetic structure of a highly mobile marine species, the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833), along a geographical range with habitat transitions and historical dynamics to identify the causes of genetic divergence, and to assess the effect of past climate change on demography and population connectivity.LocationNorth‐east Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.MethodsTwenty microsatellite loci were used in conjunction with coalescent methods to investigate the genetic structure and demographic history of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Approximate Bayesian modelling was used to compare the support for alternative scenarios for the pattern of divergence over time in the context of known geographical transitions and environmental change over the course of the Quaternary.ResultsWe describe a novel pattern of structure among the extant populations along north–south and east–west axes. Modern gene flow shows strong directionality from north‐east to south and west in the North Atlantic, and from west to east in the Mediterranean. On a temporal scale we found evidence for a progression starting with a division between the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea populations during the middle Pleistocene, followed by a division within the Mediterranean between the east and west basins towards the end of the Pleistocene, and finally an east–west division in the eastern North Atlantic at the start of the Holocene.Main conclusionsIn the context of known population structure for other marine species along the same geographical range, our data facilitate inference of the more general processes that shaped patterns of biogeography across this region through the environmental transitions of the Quaternary. In particular, Pleistocene era divisions apparently reflect strong physical habitat boundaries, with later divisions associated with climate warming in the Holocene.
CD38 deficiency suppresses adipogenesis and lipogenesis in adipose tissues through activating Sirt1/PPARγ signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ling‐Fang , Miao Lian‐Jie , Wang Xiao‐Nv , Huang Cong‐Cong , Qian Yi‐Song , Huang Xuan , Wang Xiao‐Lei , Jin Wan‐Zhu , Ji Guang‐Ju , Fu Mingui , Deng Ke‐Yu , Xin Hong‐Bo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt has been recently reported that CD38 was highly expressed in adipose tissues from obese people and CD38‐deficient mice were resistant to high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity. However, the role of CD38 in the regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis is unknown. In this study, to explore the roles of CD38 in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in vivo and in vitro, obesity models were generated with male CD38−/− and WT mice fed with HFD. The adipocyte differentiations were induced with MEFs from WT and CD38−/− mice, 3T3‐L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells in vitro. The lipid accumulations and the alternations of CD38 and the genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis were determined with the adipose tissues from the HFD‐fed mice or the MEFs, 3T3‐L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells during induction of adipocyte differentiation. The results showed that CD38−/− male mice were significantly resistant to HFD‐induced obesity. CD38 expressions in adipocytes were significantly increased in WT mice fed with HFD, and the similar results were obtained from WT MEFs, 3T3‐L1 and C3H10T1/2 during induction of adipocyte differentiation. The expressions of PPARγ, AP2 and C/EBPα were markedly attenuated in adipocytes from HFD‐fed CD38−/− mice and CD38−/− MEFs at late stage of adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, the expressions of SREBP1 and FASN were also significantly decreased in CD38−/− MEFs. Finally, the CD38 deficiency‐mediated activations of Sirt1 signalling were up‐regulated or down‐regulated by resveratrol and nicotinamide, respectively. These results suggest that CD38 deficiency impairs adipogenesis and lipogenesis through activating Sirt1/PPARγ‐FASN signalling pathway during the development of obesity.
Lactuca capensis reverses memory deficits in Aβ1‐42‐induced an animal model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Postu Paula Alexandra , Noumedem Jaures A. K. , Cioanca Oana , Hancianu Monica , Mihasan Marius , Ciorpac Mitica , Gorgan Dragos Lucian , Petre Brindusa Alina , Hritcu Lucian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigated the neuropharmacological effects of the methanolic extract from Lactuca capensis Thunb. leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days on memory impairment in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model produced by direct intraventricular delivery of amyloid‐β1‐42 (Aβ1‐42). Behavioural assays such as Y‐maze and radial arm maze test were used for assessing memory performance. Aβ1‐42 decreased cognitive performance in the behavioural tests which were ameliorated by pre‐treatment with the methanolic extract. Acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidant–antioxidant balance in the rat hippocampus were abnormally altered by Aβ1‐42 treatment while these deficits were recovered by pre‐treatment with the methanolic extract. In addition, rats were given Aβ1‐42 exhibited in the hippocampus decreased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA copy number and increased IL‐1β mRNA copy number which was reversed by the methanolic extract administration. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract could be a potent neuropharmacological agent against dementia via modulating cholinergic activity, increasing of BDNF levels and promoting antioxidant action in the rat hippocampus.
Bateman purpura (dermatoporosis): a localized scurvy treated by topical vitamin C – double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Humbert P. , Fanian F. , Lihoreau T. , Jeudy A. , Pierard G.E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundBateman purpura is characterized by diffuse senile skin atrophy, senile purpura and spontaneous stellar pseudocicatrices. Cutaneous changes in the course of ageing have been related to lower levels of ascorbic acid into the dermis of elderly people.ObjectiveIn this study, we postulate that senile purpura could be linked to dermal vitamin C deficiency and could be corrected by topical administration of this vitamin.MethodsA 12‐weeks, hemi‐member (forearm or leg), randomized double‐blind comparative study was conducted in 18 patients with Bateman purpura aged over than 60 years. At each visit, clinical assessment and biometrological measurements were performed. Clinical examination and scoring by experts showed a significant improvement on the vitamin C‐treated side compared with the control, with reduction of haemorrhage areas, increase of dermal thickness.ResultsTwice‐daily application of 5% topical vitamin C led to a clinically apparent improvement of the skin symptoms and allows beneficial effects on skin elasticity and thickness. Bateman purpura, a classical sign of photoaging whose origin has not clearly been recognized could be improved by vitamin C applied on to the skin.ConclusionThese results confirm the hypothesis of the underlying role of vitamin C deficiency in the determinism of Bateman purpura.