bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect Of Biofeedback On The Motor– Muscular Situation In Rehabilitation Of Stroke Patients
Authors: Najafi Zohre , Manzari Zahra sadat , Rezaeitalab Fariborz , Azhari Amin 
Published: February 2017

Background:Stroke is the most common debilitating neurological disease in adults. Therefore, rehabilitation is a major consideration to reduce costs and relief disabilities. Biofeedback, a newly recommended method is claimed to be able to improve the consequences following stroke by enhancement the understanding of the psychological functions of the body. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of biofeedback on the motor– muscular situation in rehabilitation of stroke patientsMethods:The present study was a randomized clinical trial that was started in May 2016 and completed in September 2016. The sample of this study included all the patients with stroke attending the physiotherapy center of Imam Raza hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups (case and control group) after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the intervention group, biofeedback (2 times a week for 15 sessions, each session lasting 20 minutes) was performed.Before the intervention demographic information questionnaire was complete by all participants. Then a check list of main variables such as hands muscle strength, muscle stiffness (spasticity), balance and ability to walk was complete by a physician. In the 7th session of the exercise and in the end of intervention (14th session), again, the main variables of the check list were reassessed by the researcher. The statistical analysis was done by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.Results:the mean score of balance evaluation in pre-intervention had not any significant differences (p=0.503), but in post intervention evaluation, this score in intervention group versus control group showed significant differences (p=0.014).the mean score of muscle strength,Results showed that by eliminating the effects of muscular strength before the intervention, this variable in both intervention and control groups after the intervention, had improvement and significant difference (p=0.005).Comparison the average spasticity, showed that spasticity evaluation score before and after intervention had no significant difference between the two groups (p=1.00)Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study, the biofeedback therapy is a promising treatment modality in improvement the motor– muscular condition following stroke.
The Relationship Between Age And Kind, Location , Presentation And Recent Outcome In Adult Patients With Difference Type Of Stroke
Authors: Shams Vahdati Samad , Ala Alireza , Ahmadi Sepehr Nasim , Fahimi Roshan 
Published: February 2017

Stroke is defined as a clinically syndrome consisted of neurological symptoms with early or sudden onset, lasting more than 24 hours, happening because of clot or blockage in brain arteries or vascular dissociation leading to brain hemorrhage. CVA is totally categorized in two types of hemorrhage and ischemic.Ischemic type has two subsets: thrombotic and emboli whereas hemorrhage stroke is studied in two types of SAH and ICH based on part of brain which is bleeding.National institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) is designed to fill within 5-8 minutes. One of the most common methods of classifying of acute stroke is NIHSS, that with a structured neurological examination is valuable for diagnosing.About half of all strokes are attributable to established causal and modifiable factors. This finding encourages not only intervention on established etiological factors, but also further study of less well established factors. public education is needed to increase awareness of the warning signs and risk factors of stroke. Stroke management is extremely demanding for patients, and Prevention of stroke and correct management as soosn as possible is the key to reduction of morbidity and mortality.
Neuropharmacology In Individual With Aphasia: A Review
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: The neuropharmacology of aphasia is an area of cognitive neuroscience. In this article we review what is known about these domain, especially with regard to treating aphasia with drugs. Neurotransmitters can improve language function in certain patients with aphasia. We discuss which neurotransmitters work for which language functions in which patients.Method: PubMed and Science databases were searched to identify studies investigated effects of drugs on language function in aphasia in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2015. Results: Studies show that Catecholamines seem especially promising for nonfluent aphasias. Dopamine agonists, in particular bromocriptine, improve verbal fluency in transcortical motor aphasia. Norepinephrine affects prefrontal functions and seems to relieve symptoms of depression and improve overall recovery of function, including language, following stroke. Amphetamines potentiate norepinephrine to promote general recovery, and have been shown to improve language performance in some patients with nonfluent aphasia.Conclusion: studies have been looking at the possibility of manipulating brain chemistry for functional gain in patients with aphasia, but, to date, no overwhelming evidence has emerged to support routine use of drugs as either a complementary or alternative treatment for aphasia. Studies have been largely anecdotal with small numbers of patients and varying types of aphasia. Improvements due to spontaneous recovery have been difficult to separate from treatment benefits.
Designing And Implementation Of An Intelligent Monitoring System For Hand Rehabilitation Exercises
Authors: Rashidzadeh Parysa , Foomani Dr , Behzadipoor Dr , Mobini Dr 
Published: February 2017

Background: intelligent hand rehabilitee exerciser provides direct supervising on therapeutic movements which patient with hemiplegia disorder have done during treatment sessions. This instrument improves hand functions without continuous present of therapist.Objectives: purpose of this study is indirect palpation control in hand rehabilitive exercises among hemiplegia patients. In that, encourage hemiplegia patients to repeat hand therapeutic movements without continuous present of therapist.Finally, intelligent hand rehabilitee exerciser flourishes the quality and quantity hand functions.Methods: participants include 13 hemiplegia patients and 3 healthy persons who followed seventy therapeutic sessions. Functional movements and quality of life were assessed . moreover recorded captures were examined by specialists.Result: kinematic parameters (average and maximum velocity , maximum angular velocity ) , acceleration , accurate movements or ability to induce profit motor pattern 3-5 and trunk movements pattern with final scoring the movements showed increasing the upper limb function with intelligent hand rehabilitee exerciser.Conclusion: Results depict intelligent hand rehabilitee exerciser increased in accurate thera peutic exercises and quality of life in hemiplegia patients also , confidence coefficient of specialists had improvement.
Anterior Circulation Steal Syndrome
Authors: Afrakhteh Motahareh 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can be congenital or acquired. Congenital AVF are less common while acquired fistula are most frequently the result of penetrating trauma or iatrogenic action.Acquired common carotid jugular fistulas are uncommon in the head and neck region, accounting only 4 to 7% of all the traumatic AVFs encountered throughout the body that is not usually detected during the acute injury phase.Objective:For the first time in our center we diagnose and treat a carotid jugular vein fistula due to neck stab wound.Case Description:A 48 years old man with neck stab wound and strangulation was treated as an outpatient in a clinic with suturing the wound. he was stable and discharged without apparent neurologic deficit, after two days he was referred to our center due to left hemiparesis .in our assessment, Brain imaging showed right side hemodynamic infarct, in carotid duplex the flow was bidirectional and low RI, in angiography there was fistula from Right ICA to jugular vein, in left ICA angiography there was reversible flow from Right distal ICA to the fistula. After two times of brachychardia and asystolic cycle the patient was intubated and CPR was done. Cardiac arrest maybe because of cardiac problems dueto carotid jugular fistula.Approach:Due to carotid injury and high flow fistula, the Right ICA jugular fistula was obliterated by Balloon and ICA was also sacrificed. in left ICA Angiography the flow to Right ICA was stopped and MCA and ACA got flow from left side .the patient was stable and after few days he could be extubated and he was discharged with stable condition.Discussion:Carotid jugular fistula is a rare complication of neck trauma, because its symptoms appear late, with neurologic deficit many times neurologist was suspect to dissection and maybe MRA and CTA report Carotid occlusion but Duplex is an efficient device to differentiated between these two disease. in dissection there is prestenotic pattern and we can see the Flap flow in pseudolumen but in Carotid jugular fistula there is bidirectional and low resistance flow in proximal ICA. Meanwhile jugular vein have pulsatile flow due to direct carotid arterial flow.we presented a case of carotid-jugular fistula following cervical trauma.we are implicating on the role of carotid duplex for evaluation of cervical trauma. Duplex could efficiently differentiate between the two major complication of trauma that is cervical arteries dissection and carotid-jugular fistula.
Medical Or Surgical Treatment In Cryptographic Stroke With Pattent Foramen Oval (PFO)
Authors: Sharifi Razavi Athena 
Published: February 2017

PFO is one of common congenital cardiac anomalies. It's incidence is 15-30% and decreases with age.PFO is associated with several disease processes such as transient ischemic attacks and stroke. Various studies have reported that 45-54% of patients with cryptogenic stroke have PFO.The underlying pathological mechanism of PFO-associated stroke is the passage of abnormal material from the venous circulation through the PFO into the systemic circulation.As individuals age and develop comorbid cardiovascular disease such as heart failure or diastolic dysfunction the propensity to shunt right to left may increase and the risk of hypercoaguability may increase as well. Thus PFO only become pathogenic in the setting of certain comorbid conditions that cause the formation of phatogenic material with embolic potential.Controversy exists regarding closure of PFO as a therapeutic treatment modality for cryptogenic stroke. In properly selected patient closure of PFO is a safe and effective treatment modality. Contemporary indication for PFO closure in stroke or TIA is: 1.Documented paradoxical embolus. 2. Recurrent cryptogenic events. 3. Single cryptogenic event and inability to tolerate medical therapy. 4. Single cryptogenic event with high risk anatomical PFO features.
Spinal Cord Vascular Disease
Authors: Ghoreishi Abdoreza 
Published: February 2017

The spinal cord is subject to many of the same vascular diseases that involve the brain, but its anatomy and embryology render it susceptible to some syndromes that do not have intracranial counterparts.The embryonic arterial supply to the spinal cord derives from intradural vessels that enter at each spinal level and divide to follow the dorsal and ventral roots.SPINAL CORD ISCHEMIA: The midthoracic levels of the spinal cord are traditionally considered to be the most vulnerable to compromise from hypoperfusion, but more recent evidence suggests that the lower thoracic cord is at greater risk . The actual prevalence of spinal cord infarction is unknown, but is generally cited as representing 1% to 2% of all central neurovascular events and 5% to 8% of all acute myelopathies.Weakness (100%), sensory loss (89%), back pain at onset (82%), and urinary complaints requiring catheterization (75%) were the most common symptoms of cord ischemia at the time of presentation . Weakness most commonly affects both legs. Examination typically reveals flaccid paresis accompanied by diminished superficial and tendon reflexes below the level of the lesion. Preservation of strength and reflexes suggests the rare syndrome of posterior spinal artery territory infarction. Weakness most commonly affects both legs. Examination typically reveals flaccid paresis accompanied by diminished superficial and tendon reflexes below the level of the lesion. Preservation of strength and reflexes suggests the rare syndrome of posterior spinal artery territory infarction. Aortic pathologies with regional hemodynamic compromise are the most common cause of spinal cord infarction, accounting for 30% to 40% of cases. The medical management of spinal cord ischemia is generally supportive and focused on reducing risk for recurrence.SPINAL VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS :Spinal vascular malformations consist of normal-sized to enlarged arteries and enlarged, tortuous veins without an intervening capillary network. A commonly accepted classification system categorizes spinal vascular malformations into four types:Type I—dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF); subtypes IA (single feeding artery) and IB (multiple feeding arteries).Type II—intramedullary glomus-type arteriovenous malformation (AVM).Type III—intramedullary juvenile-type AVM, which is more extensive than a glomus-type AVM, frequently having an extramedullary component and sometimes an extradural component.Type IV—intradural, extramedullary (perimedullary) AVF: subtypes IVA, IVB, and IVC correspond to lesions with progressively increased arteriovenous shunting manifested as increased number, size, and tortuosity of feeding arteries.Spinal vascular malformations, especially dural AVFs, are frequently misdiagnosed. The onset of manifestations can be acute or insidious, and the course may include remissions and relapses. The most common complaints at onset are pain, weakness, and sensory symptoms.