bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of nurse work environment on job dissatisfaction, burnout, intention to leave
Authors: Nantsupawat A. , Kunaviktikul W. , Nantsupawat R. , Wichaikhum O.‐A. , Thienthong H. , Poghosyan L. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe nursing shortage is a critical issue in many countries. High turnover rates among nurses is contributing to the shortage, and job dissatisfaction, intention to leave, and burnout have been identified as some of the predictors of nurse turnover. A well‐established body of evidence demonstrates that the work environment for nurses influences nurse job dissatisfaction, intention to leave, and burnout, but there never has been a study undertaken in Thailand to investigate this relationship.ObjectivesTo investigate how work environment affects job dissatisfaction, burnout, and intention to leave among nurses in Thailand.MethodsThe study used a cross‐sectional survey to collect data from 1351 nurses working in 43 inpatient units in five university hospitals across Thailand. The participants completed the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and measures of job dissatisfaction and intention to leave. Logistical regression models assessed the association between work environment and nurse‐reported job dissatisfaction, burnout, and intent to leave.ResultsNurses working in university hospitals with better work environments had significantly less job dissatisfaction, intention to leave, and burnout.ConclusionThe nurse work environment is a significant feature contributing to nurse retention in Thai university hospitals.Implications for nursing and health policyImproving the work environment for nurses may lead to lower levels of job dissatisfaction, intention to leave, and burnout. Focusing on these nurse outcomes can be used as a strategy to retain nurses in the healthcare system. Addressing the challenges of poor work environments requires coordinated action from policymakers and health managers.
YouTube as a source for parents’ education on early childhood caries
Authors: ElKarmi Rawan , Hassona Yazan , Taimeh Dina , Scully Crispian 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundPatients can and do search the Internet for information on various health‐related topics. YouTube™ is one popular website they may consult.AimTo examine the quality of information offered by YouTube™ for patients seeking information on early childhood caries (ECC).DesignYouTube™ was searched for videos on ECC. The usefulness of selected videos in providing adequate information about ECC was evaluated using a 13‐point usefulness score. The guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry were used for benchmarking.ResultsMost videos were uploaded by healthcare professionals (60%, n = 18). Videos had generally low usefulness scores (mean: 5.1 ± 2.9; range: 1–11). An average YouTube™ video on ECC was viewed two times/day (range: 0.07–34.4 views/day). Less useful videos ranked early on the viewing list, and viewer's interactions with videos were not affected significantly by their usefulness.ConclusionYouTube™ should not be used as a trusted site for educating patients on ECC.
Regenerative potential of leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin. Part A: intra‐bony defects, furcation defects and periodontal plastic surgery. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Castro Ana B. , Meschi Nastaran , Temmerman Andy , Pinto Nelson , Lambrechts Paul , Teughels Wim , Quirynen Marc 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo analyse the regenerative potential of leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) during periodontal surgery.Materials and MethodsAn electronic and hand search were conducted in three databases. Only randomized clinical trials were selected and no follow‐up limitation was applied. Pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bone fill, keratinized tissue width (KTW), recession reduction and root coverage (%) were considered as outcome. When possible, meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsTwenty‐four articles fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three subgroups were created: intra‐bony defects (IBDs), furcation defects and periodontal plastic surgery. Meta‐analysis was performed in all the subgroups. Significant PD reduction (1.1 ± 0.5 mm, p < 0.001), CAL gain (1.2 ± 0.6 mm, p < 0.001) and bone fill (1.7 ± 0.7 mm, p < 0.001) were found when comparing L‐PRF to open flap debridement (OFD) in IBDs. For furcation defects, significant PD reduction (1.9 ± 1.5 mm, p = 0.01), CAL gain (1.3 ± 0.4 mm, p < 0.001) and bone fill (1.5 ± 0.3 mm, p < 0.001) were reported when comparing L‐PRF to OFD. When L‐PRF was compared to a connective tissue graft, similar outcomes were recorded for PD reduction (0.2 ± 0.3 mm, p > 0.05), CAL gain (0.2 ± 0.5 mm, p > 0.05), KTW (0.3 ± 0.4 mm, p > 0.05) and recession reduction (0.2 ± 0.3 mm, p > 0.05).ConclusionsL‐PRF enhances periodontal wound healing.
A new way to estimate disease prevalence from random partial‐mouth samples
Authors: Preisser John S. , Marks Sarah J. , Sanders Anne E. , Akinkugbe Aderonke A. , Beck James D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimStandard partial‐mouth estimators of chronic periodontitis (CP) that define an individual's disease status solely in terms of selected sites underestimate prevalence. This study proposes an improved prevalence estimator based on randomly sampled sites and evaluates its accuracy in a well‐characterized population cohort.MethodsImportantly, this method does not require determination of disease status at the individual level. Instead, it uses a statistical distributional approach to derive a prevalence formula from randomly selected periodontal sites. The approach applies the conditional linear family of distributions for correlated binary data (i.e. the presence or absence of disease at sites within a mouth) with two simple working assumptions: (i) the probability of having disease is the same across all sites; and (ii) the correlation of disease status is the same for all pairs of sites within the mouth.ResultsUsing oral examination data from 6793 participants in the Arteriolosclerosis Risk in Communities study, the new formula yields CP prevalence estimates that are much closer than standard partial mouth estimates to full mouth estimates.ConclusionsResampling of the cohort shows that the proposed estimators give good precision and accuracy for as few as six tooth sites sampled per individual.
The role of platelets in inflammatory immune responses in generalized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Zhan Yalin , Lu Ruifang , Meng Huanxin , Wang Xian'e , Sun Xiaojun , Hou Jianxia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers and platelet size in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).Material and MethodsPeriodontal, inflammatory and platelet indices were compared between 59 GAgP patients and 59 healthy subjects. Gingival biopsies from five patients and five healthy subjects were examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Changes in patient periodontal and platelet indices were re‐evaluated at 3 months after periodontal therapy.ResultsPlatelet size was decreased significantly in GAgP patients compared to healthy subjects (p ≤ 0.003). Weak negative correlations between platelet size and periodontal parameters were found in GAgP patients (p ≤ 0.025). Platelet aggregates and adhesion to the endothelium or leucocytes were found in venules and connective tissues of gingival biopsies from GAgP patients. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet large cell ratio increased after periodontal therapy in GAgP patients (p ≤ 0.038). The increase in MPV was related to the decrease in bleeding index in GAgP patients after periodontal therapy (p < 0.001; r = 0.357).ConclusionPlatelet size was reduced in GAgP patients compared to healthy controls, possibly due to the consumption of large platelets at sites of periodontal inflammation. Platelets may be involved in host responses to periodontal infection in GAgP.
A qualitative assessment of West Virginia pharmacist activities and attitude in diabetes management
Authors: Shatnawi Aymen , Latif David A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAims and objectivesThe role of pharmacists in chronic disease state management has been shown to significantly improve patient health outcomes and reduce overall health care costs. The current study is designed to assess the roles and attitudes of West Virginia (WV) pharmacists toward diabetes, evaluate services provided, address pharmacist clinical understanding and training, and demonstrate the challenges that limit pharmacists ability to deliver an efficient disease state management.MethodsWe invited 435 preceptors affiliated with the University of Charleston School of Pharmacy to participate in the study using Qualtrics online survey software. The survey was divided into sections related to pharmacists, practice environment, pharmacist's roles in diabetes management, and challenges faced that limit their ability to deliver effective care to diabetic patients. Data were analyzed using 1‐way analysis of variance, and a P value ≤.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf all eligible invited preceptors, 104 accessed the online survey based on the Qualtrics tracking tool, while 58 participated in the survey with a 56% response rate. Generally, WV pharmacists have positive attitudes regarding the provision of primary activities related to drug use and its associated problems. However, we report that WV pharmacists are less involved in providing education or recommendations regarding diabetes‐associated risk factors such as nephropathy, retinopathy, foot care, and gastroparesis. In addition, the majority of pharmacists indicated that they face many challenges related to patient and the practice site environment that limit their ability to provide optimum diabetes patient care services.ConclusionDespite the mounting evidence that pharmacists can improve diabetic patient outcomes while significantly reducing overall costs, WV pharmacists are less involved in providing education or counseling in a variety of areas related to disease state management. In addition, identifying pharmacist challenges provides significant information for future planning toward improving diabetic patient care.
Heads you win, tails you lose: filtration processing for the microscopical examination of sperm heads
Authors: BREWIS I.A. , WATKINSON M.A. , VON RUHLAND C.J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe sperm head plays a key role in many fertilisation events and determining the precise location of molecules within the head region is important in mechanistically dissecting the fertilisation process. Such molecules may be present in low copy number and many sperm head profiles must be examined to localise them to particular subcellular structures with confidence.Filtration has traditionally been used for the purpose of concentrating biological material, such as free‐living cells, spores, and subcellular fractions, and little attempt has been made to extend the procedure to encompass the entire processing schedule, mainly due to the incompatibility of intermediate dehydrating solvents with membrane filters. The novel and simple technique of filtration processing that we describe produced a dense mat of cells, with several sperm heads being visible in coronal orientation in a high‐power field at the light microscopic level, and allowed positive immunocytochemical staining to be identified with confidence. This new technique exploits the low viscosity of LR White acrylic resin to allow the entire processing procedure to be undertaken in the filtration apparatus. In contrast, conventional techniques for preparing free‐living cells, namely pre‐embedding in a supportive matrix prior to processing, and centrifugation at each stage of the processing procedure, proved suboptimal, partly due to the final concentration that could be achieved, but mainly due to the random orientation of cells that these techniques afforded.
Flavor lexicon and characteristics of artisan goat cheese from the United States
Authors: Talavera Martin , Chambers Delores H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to further develop an existing lexicon for use in describing the flavor characteristics of a wide variety of artisan goat cheeses made in diverse geographic locations throughout of the United States. Highly trained sensory panelists reviewed published lexicons for cheese before establishing a lexicon of 39 flavor attributes to represent sensory characteristics for 47 artisan goat cheeses manufactured in different parts of the United States. Twenty‐eight attributes were present in a majority of samples and were able to describe most flavor characteristics. Other attributes were used occasionally to describe specific characteristics of certain cheeses. A large number of attributes were needed to describe flavor characteristics of cheese samples with more complex flavors (i.e., mold‐ripened samples). Samples with milder characteristics (chèvre‐style) needed a reduced number of terms and had lower intensities for most attributes. Feta‐style cheeses generally were more salty and cheddar‐style cheeses were mostly nutty, waxy, and sweet. Mold‐ripened cheeses had musty‐like characteristics and were more pungent and sharp. These attributes had higher intensities specifically for blue‐type cheeses. The goaty flavor attribute was higher for mold‐ripened cheeses but was characteristic of all the goat cheeses.Practical applicationsThis study gathers previously developed flavor terms and combines them with new terms to describe the flavor characteristics of a broad variety of artisan cheeses made with goat's milk produced in different parts of the United States. This work can be a valuable resource for goat cheese producers. Any producer can use this study as a tool for learning, benchmarking, development, and quality control of goat cheese as it shows the types of flavors typical in a wide variety of goat cheeses.
Reconstructing the social constructionist view of emotions: from language to culture, including nonhuman culture
Authors: Aranguren Martin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe thesis of social constructionism is that emotions are shaped by culture and society. I build on this insight to show that existing social constructionist views of emotions, while providing valid research methods, overly restrict the scope of the social constructionist agenda. The restriction is due to the ontological assumption that social construction is indissociable from language. In the first part, I describe the details of the influential social constructionist views of Averill and Harré. Drawing on recent theorizing in psychology, I suggest that their fixation on language makes these approaches inadequate to the analysis of the social construction of human emotional experience. In the second part, I extend the argument to other species, suggesting that these social constructionist views are incapable of accommodating the fact, ascertained by primatologists, that animals have cultures, and that part of animal culture concerns the social molding of their emotions. I conclude that a reconstructed social constructionism should be regarded not as inimical to, but as part and parcel of, a nonreductive biology of emotions.
Multilingual coreference resolution
Authors: Kübler Sandra , Zhekova Desislava 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of challenges and approaches in multilingual coreference resolution. We give an introduction to the terminology used in the field as well as to the basic approaches to resolving coreference relations and discuss the challenges that a system faces when new languages are added. Current systems show that multilinguality can either be approached by adding languages incrementally or it can be part of the original system design. The paper describes the challenges of multilinguality in coreference resolution with respect to existing evaluation criteria, annotation schemes, availability, usability, and accuracy of already existing linguistic tools for preprocessing.
Enregisterment: How linguistic items become linked with ways of speaking
Authors: Johnstone Barbara 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA key question for sociolinguistics is how communicative signs and sets of signs come to index styles, identities, activities, genres, dialects, and other social and communicative practices. The concept of “enregisterment,” borrowed from linguistic anthropologists in the Piercian semiotic tradition, provides a useful heuristic for thinking about this process. This article offers a definition of enregisterment and considers each of its facets in turn. Using examples from research conducted in a U.S. city, the article answers these questions: What sorts of forms, linguistic and other, can become indexically linked with a way of speaking? What are the social and functional categories with which ways of speaking can be associated? What are the agents of enregisterment; what makes it happen? What ideological schemas can make it make sense to enregister a form in a particular way? And finally, under what interactional and historical conditions does the enregisterment of particular ways of speaking tend to occur?
The location of gender features in the syntax
Authors: Kramer Ruth 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to critically review the results of linguistic research on the syntactic location of gender features. It has become relatively clear that gender features do not project their own phrase “GenP” and they are not located on the Num(ber) head that hosts number features. Instead, the field mostly agrees that gender features are located on the nominal—either on N or, in approaches that decompose lexical categories, on the nominalizing head n. Additional gender features have been proposed higher in the structure in order to capture certain processes that impose their own gender (e.g., diminutives are always feminine in the Semitic language Amharic) and to capture patterns of hybrid agreement (e.g., Russian nouns that are grammatically masculine but may trigger feminine agreement when referring to a woman).
SHAREHOLDER RISK MEASURES
Authors: Coculescu Delia , Rochet Jean‐Charles 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to put forward a new family of risk measures that could guide investment decisions of private companies. But at the difference of the classical approach of Artzner, Delbaen, Eber, and Heath and the subsequent extensions of this model, our risk measures are built to reflect the risk perception of shareholders rather than regulators. Instead of an axiomatic approach, we derive risk measures from the optimal policies of a shareholder value‐maximizing company. We study these optimal policies and the related risk measures that we call shareholder risk measures. We emphasize the fact that due to the specific corporate environment, in particular the limited shareholders' liability and the possibility to pay out dividends from cash reserves, these risk measures are not convex. Also, they depend on the specific economic situation of the firm, in particular its current cash level, and thus they are not translation invariant. This paper bridges the gap between two important branches of mathematical finance: risk measures and optimal dividends.
Environmental control of carbon allocation matters for modelling forest growth
Authors: Guillemot Joannès , Francois Christophe , Hmimina Gabriel , Dufrêne Eric , Martin‐StPaul Nicolas K. , Soudani Kamel , Marie Guillaume , Ourcival Jean‐Marc , Delpierre Nicolas 
Published: November 2016

Summary

We aimed to evaluate the importance of modulations of within‐tree carbon (C) allocation by water and low‐temperature stress for the prediction of annual forest growth with a process‐based model.

A new C allocation scheme was implemented in the CASTANEA model that accounts for lagged and direct environmental controls of C allocation. Different approaches (static vs dynamic) to modelling C allocation were then compared in a model–data fusion procedure, using satellite‐derived leaf production estimates and biometric measurements at c. 104 sites.

The modelling of the environmental control of C allocation significantly improved the ability of CASTANEA to predict the spatial and year‐to‐year variability of aboveground forest growth along regional gradients. A significant effect of the previous year's water stress on the C allocation to leaves and wood was reported. Our results also are consistent with a prominent role of the environmental modulation of sink demand in the wood growth of the studied species.

Data available at large scales can inform forest models about the processes driving annual and seasonal C allocation. Our results call for a greater consideration of C allocation drivers, especially sink–demand fluctuations, for the simulations of current and future forest productivity with process‐based models.
Matworld – the biogeochemical effects of early life on land
Authors: Lenton Timothy M. , Daines Stuart J. 
Published: November 2016

Contents

Summary
531

I.
Introduction
531

II.
Mats as ecosystem engineers
532

III.
Archean oxygen oases
534

IV.
Proterozoic evidence
535

V.
Neoproterozoic greening?
535

VI.
Conclusions
535

Acknowledgements
536

References
536

SummaryThere is growing evidence that life has been on land for billions of years. Microbial mats fuelled by oxygenic photosynthesis were probably present in terrestrial habitats from c. 3.0 billion yr ago (Ga) onwards, creating localized ‘oxygen oases’ under a reducing atmosphere, which left a characteristic oxidative weathering signal. After the Great Oxidation c. 2.4 Ga, the now oxidizing atmosphere masked that redox signal, but ancient soils record the mobilization of phosphorus and other elements by organic acids in weathering profiles. Evidence for Neoproterozoic ‘greening of the land’ and intensification of weathering c. 0.85–0.54 Ga is currently equivocal. However, the mid‐Palaeozoic c. 0.45–0.4 Ga shows global atmospheric changes consistent with increased terrestrial productivity and intensified weathering by the first land plants.
Situated technology in reproductive health care: Do we need a new theory of the subject to promote person‐centred care?
Authors: Stankovic Biljana 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGoing through reproductive experiences (especially pregnancy and childbirth) in contemporary Western societies almost inevitably involves interaction with medical practitioners and various medical technologies in institutional context. This has important consequences for women as embodied subjects. A critical appraisal of these consequences—coming dominantly from feminist scholarship—relied on a problematic theory of both technology and the subject, which are in contemporary approaches no longer considered as given, coherent and well individualized wholes, but as complex constellations that are locally situated and that can only be described empirically. In this study, we will be relying on the developments in phenomenological theory to reconceptualize women as technologically mediated embodied subjects and on the new paradigms in philosophy of technology and STS to reconstruct medical technology as situated—with the aim of reconceptualizing their relationship and exploring different possibilities for the mediating role of medical technology. It will be argued that technologization of female reproductive processes and alienating consequences for women are not necessary or directly interrelated. The role of technology varies from case to case and depends mainly on the nontechnological and relational aspects of institutional context, in which medical practitioners play a decisive role.