bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Resolution Large Eddy Simulation of Snow Accumulation in Alpine Terrain
Authors: Vionnet Vincent , Martin Eric , Masson Valéry , Lac Christine , Naaim Bouvet Florence , Guyomarc'h Gilbert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSnow accumulation in alpine terrain is controlled by three main processes that act at different spatial scales: (i) orographic snowfall, (ii) preferential deposition of snowfall, and (iii) wind‐induced snow transport of deposited snow. The relative importance of these processes largely remains uncertain at small scale (10–100 m). This study presents how high‐resolution coupled snowpack/atmosphere simulations help quantifying the effects of these processes. The simulation system consists of the detailed snowpack model Crocus and the atmospheric model Meso‐NH used in Large Eddy Simulation mode. Dedicated routines allow the coupled system to explicitly simulate wind‐induced snow transport. Our case study is a snowfall event that occurred in February 2011 in the French Alps. Three nested domains at 450, 150 and 50 m grid spacing allow the model to simulate the complex 3D precipitation and wind fields down to fine scale. We firstly assess the ability of the coupled model to reproduce meteorological conditions during the event (wind speed and direction, snowfall amount, and blowing snow fluxes). The spatial variability of snowfall and snow accumulation is then considered. At 50 m grid spacing, snowfall presents local maxima associated with the formation of rimed snow aggregates and graupel in regions of sustained updrafts. Variograms show that the resultant spatial variability of snowfall is lower than the variability of snow accumulation when considering snow transport. Despite an overestimation of simulated blowing fluxes, our results suggest that wind‐induced snow transport is the main source of spatial variability of snow accumulation in our case study.
Tree‐Bark‐Shaped N‐Doped Porous Carbon Anode for Hydrazine Fuel Cells
Authors: Jeong Jaehoon , Choun Myounghoon , Lee Jaeyoung 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMetal‐free N‐doped porous carbon has great potential as a catalyst for hydrazine oxidation in direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFCs). However, previous studies have reported only half‐cell characterization, and the effect of the pore size distribution has not been intensively investigated. Herein, we report the synthesis of highly active, metal‐free N‐doped carbon (NDC) by controlling the pore size distribution, and for the first time, the effect of the pore size distribution on the anode performance in a DHFC is investigated. As a result, tree‐bark‐shaped NDC with meso/macroporous (>10 nm) structures exhibit a remarkable power density of 127.5 mW cm−2 in a DHFC.
Blood compatibility and physicochemical assessment of novel nanocomposite comprising polyurethane and dietary carotino oil for cardiac tissue engineering applications
Authors: Jaganathan Saravana Kumar , Mani Mohan Prasath , Ayyar Manikandan , Krishnasamy Navaneetha Pandiyaraj , Nageswaran Gomathi 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTCardiovascular diseases (CVD) were estimated to claim 17 million lives each year. Among these, coronary heart disease almost accounts 50% deaths associated with CVD, which causes the blockage of the coronary arteries that supplies blood to the heart. Nowadays, the cardiac tissue engineering have become a promising solution to overcome the drawbacks associated with current therapies. Further, the scaffold used in cardiac tissue engineering must possess thromboresistant and anticoagulant nature to serve as a plausible candidate for cardiovascular applications. In this present investigation, a novel nanocomposite based on polyurethane (PU) and carotino oil was fabricated using electrospinning. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the nanocomposites have smaller fiber diameter (702 ± 130 nm) compared to the pristine PU (969 ± 217 nm). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the interaction between the carotino oil and PU by the formation of hydrogen bond and shifting of CH peak. The contact angle of electrospun PU/carotino oil was found to be 119°, which was increased compared to pristine PU (86°) indicating the hydrophobic nature of developed nanocomposites. Moreover, the surface roughness and thermal stability were found to be enhanced due to the presence of carotino oil in the PU matrix indicated in atomic force microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The enhanced surface roughness of nanocomposites resulted in delayed activation of the blood clot as revealed in activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time assay. Moreover, the hemolytic index of fabricated nanocomposites was found to very low of about 1.33% compared to pristine PU (2.73%), suggesting non‐hemolytic nature and also better blood compatibility. So, the developed PU/carotino nanocomposites having desirable characteristics like better physicochemical and blood compatibility may render appropriate potentials for raw materials of cardiac tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45691.
Large‐scale commercial production of cellulosic ethanol from agricultural residues: A case study of wheat straw in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Mupondwa Edmund , Li Xue , Tabil Lope 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper provides a business case for a large‐scale wheat‐straw‐based cellulosic ethanol plant in the Canadian Prairies. Feedstock availability and costs were quantified for 11 locations representing the region’s agroecological soil zones. The economic feasibility of the cellulosic ethanol plant was evaluated using SuperPro Designer® based on simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation process. Total capital investment is approximately $90–$200 million for corresponding plant with capacities of 69–208 million liters annum‐1. The lowest operating costs are associated with high volume biomass locations such as Yorkton, Lanigan, and Weyburn. A range of discount rates (7–15%), ethanol selling price ($1.00–$1.70 L‐1), and feedstock cost ($35–70 tonne‐1) was used to assess the sensitivity of plant profitability (NPV) to changes in these parameters. Average total cost of ethanol production decreased with increasing plant size, from $0.90 L‐1 in a small ethanol plant to $0.66 L‐1 for plant capacity higher than 125 million L. The sensitivity analysis showed better economies of scale for larger plants, with marginal costs and average cost curves suggesting that Canadian Prairies could support a cellulosic ethanol plant capacity of 250 million L annum‐1 at a single location. Yorkton, Melfort, Weyburn, Prince Albert, and Lanigan generate positive NPV over a wider range of annual plant capacities (138–208 million L). Swift Current, Rosetown, and Kindersley have the lowest NPV, associated with their low straw density and correspondingly higher transportation costs. © 2017 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Do Smarter People Employ Better Decision Strategies? The Influence of Intelligence on Adaptive Use of the Recognition Heuristic
Authors: Michalkiewicz Martha , Arden Katja , Erdfelder Edgar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWithin the adaptive toolbox approach, it has repeatedly been shown that, on average, people tend to adapt their decision strategies to the decision context. Building upon these results, we investigated whether individuals systematically differ in their ability to successfully adapt to the situation when applying the fast‐and‐frugal recognition heuristic (RH). In decisions between recognized and unrecognized choice objects, individuals can base their choices solely on recognition, as predicted by the RH, or they can use further knowledge retrieved from memory. Since intelligence has been conceived as the ability to successfully adapt to different situations, we expected intelligence to influence the degree of adaptive use of the RH. To test this hypothesis, we first re‐analyzed data that referred to a decision domain for which RH‐use is known to perform well. As expected, individual RH‐use increased with general intelligence. Next, we designed an experiment addressing individual RH‐use in two new decision domains, one domain for which RH‐use was less effective than knowledge‐use and another domain for which both strategies were about equally effective. In addition, we tested whether fluid or crystallized intelligence best predicts adaptive use of the RH. RH‐use was found to decrease with fluid but not crystallized intelligence when RH‐use was less effective than use of further knowledge. In contrast, there was no significant association between either type of intelligence and RH‐use when none of the two strategies was optimal. We conclude that adaptive use versus non‐use of the RH is moderated by fluid intelligence. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protection of bone marrow, mononuclear, and CD34+ cells by enclosing within the biochemical compound solution during and after transplantation
Authors: Qujeq Durdi , Abedian Zeinab 
Published: August 2017

We have chosen collagen, chitosan acetate, hyaluronic acid, and propolis as model biochemical compound solution to determine the influence of cell carrier mechanics on cell viability and functionality during and after transplantation. Suspending of bone marrow (BM), mononuclear (MN), and CD34+ cells into a biochemical compounds solution is an attractive tool to achieve to protect and ensure reproducible deliver. Hyperglycemic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: to receive no cell treatment or approximately 1 × 105 of BM, MN, and CD34+ cells within the PBS or biochemical compound solution. These cells were infused into the hyperglycemic rats on day 10 and again on day 20. At each time point, the animals were anaesthetized with ether, and 200 μL of blood was drawn from the tail vein. Samples were collected to determine whether BM, MN, and CD34+ cell affected glucose content and insulin production.Our results exhibit the use of biochemical compound solution method to overcome the cell transplantation problem during and after injection of these cells into rats. These findings are supported by resulting in significantly greater insulin production and more decreased glucose content than cells injected in PBS only (P < 0.05). These effects displayed the following hierarchy: hyaluronic acid > chitosan acetate > collagen > propolis solution.Our results showed that these compounds demonstrated a capacity to encapsulate the BM, MN, and CD34+ cells. It is proven by decreasing glucose content and increasing insulin secretion by pancreatic cells. The uniqueness of our study is the improvement of current transplantation efficiency.
Effect of orthodontic force on the expression of PI3K, Akt, and P70S6 K in the human periodontal ligament during orthodontic loading
Authors: Xu Yunhe , Shen Jiayuan , Muhammed Fenik Kaml , Zheng Bowen , Zhang Yuejiao , Liu Yi 
Published: August 2017

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an atypical serine/threonine protein kinases involved in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/P70S6 K signalling pathway. P70S6 K as a downstream molecule of mTOR is activated by phosphorylation and subsequently promotes the synthesis of ribosomal and translational proteins. In this study, we investigated the role of PI3K, Akt, and P70S6 K in human periodontal tissue remodelling during orthodontic loading. The prepared tissue specimens taken from 4 extracted premolars were processed for immunolabelling. The changes in the expression of PI3K, Akt, and P70S6 K in the periodontal tissues were detected by real‐time quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The results from real‐time quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot both showed that the expression of PI3K, Akt, and P70S6 K in the experimental group began to increase at 3 days and increased significantly at 10 days, then decreased approaching the control group level at 28 days. Our findings showed that the expression of PI3K, Akt, and P70S6 K in human periodontal ligament demonstrated a variability during the orthodontic loading, which suggested that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/P70S6 K signal pathway was involved in orthodontic tooth movement and played a role in the process of periodontium remodelling.
A New Class of Fluorinated A2A Adenosine Receptor Agonist with Application to Last‐Step Enzymatic [18F]Fluorination for PET Imaging
Authors: Lowe Phillip T. , Dall'Angelo Sergio , Mulder‐Krieger Thea , IJzerman Adriaan P. , Zanda Matteo , O'Hagan David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe A2A adenosine receptor belongs to a family of G‐coupled protein receptors that have been subjected to extensive investigation over the last few decades. Due to their prominent role in the biological functions of the heart, lungs, CNS and brain, they have become a target for the treatment of illnesses ranging from cancer immunotherapy to Parkinson's disease. The imaging of such receptors by using positron emission tomography (PET) has also been of interest, potentially providing a valuable tool for analysing and diagnosing various myocardial and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as offering support to drug discovery trials. Reported herein are the design, synthesis and evaluation of two new 5′‐fluorodeoxy‐adenosine (FDA)‐based receptor agonists (FDA‐PP1 and FDA‐PP2), each substituted at the C‐2 position with a terminally functionalised ethynyl unit. The structures enable a synthesis of 18F‐labelled analogues by direct, last‐step radiosynthesis from chlorinated precursors using the fluorinase enzyme (5′‐fluoro‐5′‐deoxyadenosine synthase), which catalyses a transhalogenation reaction. This delivers a new class of A2A adenosine receptor agonist that can be directly radiolabelled for exploration in PET studies.
Methotrexate‐induced leukoencephalopathy presenting as stroke in the emergency department
Authors: Cruz‐Carreras Maria Teresa , Chaftari Patrick , Shamsnia Anna , Guha‐Thakurta Nandita , Gonzalez Carmen 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageMethotrexate‐induced leukoencephalopathy is to be considered as a potential etiology in any patient presenting with stroke‐like symptoms after receiving methotrexate. One of our cases suggests that the method of administration of the methotrexate can be IV or intrathecal and still results in leukoencephalopathy.
Plantar keratoderma of Sézary syndrome
Authors: Fragkos Konstantinos C. 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageSézary syndrome is an extremely rare form of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. It presents suddenly and is associated with a poor prognosis. Clinical recognition is crucial for the diagnostic process and initiation of appropriate treatment. Plantar keratoderma is usually pathognomonic for Sézary syndrome and clinicians should be alerted to its presence.
Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride as the Electrolyte in Aluminum Cells
Authors: Fan Jiaxin , Liu Yinhua , Zhang Zhixiong , Wang Aiye , Li Li , Yuan Wenhui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis work proposes a novel tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF)‐based electrolyte for aluminum (Al) cells, with mixed carbonate as the solvent. The Al foil was immersed in the electrolyte to investigate the hydrogen evolution process. After 40 h, the morphology of the Al surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that the TBAF‐based solution would not lead to the passivation of the Al surface. In addition, this work demonstrates that, by using an anhydrous ionic liquid fluoride salt (with a strong nucleophilic fluorinion) as the electrolyte, the Al cell could sustain a high electrode potential without hydrogen evolution. Further evaluation of this electrolyte was carried out by using Al/CuO cells. CuO@Cu nanoplatelets synthesized through a novel hydrothermal method containing two steps, immersion and steaming, were used as the cathode material. The Al/CuO primary cells with the TBAF‐02ED electrolyte exhibit a well‐defined initial open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.42 V and a high discharge capacity of 457 mAh g−1. Utilizing anhydrous ionic liquid fluoride salt electrolyte in Al cells opens a new avenue for the application of Al battery systems.
Quionolone carboxylic acid derivatives as HIV‐1 integrase inhibitors: Docking‐based HQSAR and topomer CoMFA analyses
Authors: Tong Jianbo , Zhan Pei , Wang Xiang Simon , Wu Yingji 
Published: August 2017

AbstractQuionolone carboxylic acid derivatives as inhibitors of HIV‐1 integrase were investigated as a potential class of drugs for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Hologram quantitative structure‐activity relationships (HQSAR) and translocation comparative molecular field vector analysis (topomer CoMFA) were applied to a series of 48 quionolone carboxylic acid derivatives. The most effective HQSAR model was obtained using atoms and bonds as fragment distinctions: cross‐validation q2 = 0.796, standard error of prediction SDCV = 0.36, the non‐cross‐validated r2 = 0.967, non‐cross validated standard error SD = 0.17, the correlation coefficient of external validation Qext2 = 0.955, and the best hologram length HL = 180. topomer CoMFA models were built based on different fragment cutting models, with the most effective model of q2 = 0.775, SDCV = 0.37, r2 = 0.967, SD = 0.15, Qext2 = 0.915, and F = 163.255. These results show that the models generated form HQSAR and topomer CoMFA were able to effectively predict the inhibitory potency of this class of compounds. The molecular docking method was also used to study the interactions of these drugs by docking the ligands into the HIV‐1 integrase active site, which revealed the likely bioactive conformations. This study showed that there are extensive interactions between the quionolone carboxylic acid derivatives and THR80, VAL82, GLY27, ASP29, and ARG8 residues in the active site of HIV‐1 integrase. These results provide useful insights for the design of potent new inhibitors of HIV‐1 integrase.
Hemodynamic parameters predict the risk of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery in adults
Authors: Lu Rongxin , Ma Nan , Jiang Zhaolei , Mei Ju 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPostoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication following cardiac surgery and is associated with poorer prognosis. This study attempted to evaluate whether hemodynamic parameters determined by a right heart catheter predict the occurrence of POAF.HypothesisWe hypothesized that atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery can be predicted by hemodynamic parameters determined by a right heart catheter.MethodsBetween October 2015 and January 2017, 126 patients with preoperative sinus rhythm undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or aortic valve replacement were enrolled in this study. Complete echocardiographic examination was performed preoperatively, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded via a right heart catheter before anesthesia induction. Postoperative telemetry strips and electrocardiogram were used to detect atrial fibrillation until discharge. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of POAF.ResultsThe overall incidence of POAF was 40/126 (31.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined that left atrial dimension (LAD) (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.118, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.020‐1.227, P = 0.018), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (adjusted OR: 1.225, 95% CI: 1.082‐1.387, P = 0.001), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) (adjusted OR: 1.076, 95% CI: 1.019‐1.137, P = 0.008) were significant predictors of POAF.ConclusionsThe present study suggested that LAD, PCWP, and PASP were robust predictors of POAF. These parameters may indicate a patient's susceptibility toward developing POAF and help to identify patients who need preventive treatment.
Effectiveness of bereavement counselling through a community‐based organization: A naturalistic, controlled trial
Authors: Newsom Catherine , Schut Henk , Stroebe Margaret S. , Wilson Stewart , Birrell John , Moerbeek Mirjam , Eisma Maarten C. 
Published: August 2017

This controlled, longitudinal investigation tested the effectiveness of a bereavement counselling model for adults on reducing complicated grief (CG) symptoms. Participants (N = 344; 79% female; mean age: 49.3 years) were adult residents of Scotland who were bereaved of a close relation or partner, experiencing elevated levels of CG, and/or risks of developing CG. It was hypothesized that participants who received intervention would experience a greater decline in CG levels immediately following the intervention compared to the control participants, but the difference would diminish at follow‐up (due to relapse). Data were collected via postal questionnaire at 3 time points: baseline (T), post‐intervention (T + 12 months), and follow‐up (T + 18 months). CG, post‐traumatic stress, and general psychological distress were assessed at all time points. Multilevel analyses controlling for relevant covariates were conducted to examine group differences in symptom levels over time. A stepwise, serial gatekeeping procedure was used to correct for multiple hypothesis testing. A main finding was that, contrary to expectations, counselling intervention and control group participants experienced a similar reduction in CG symptoms at postmeasure. However, intervention participants demonstrated a greater reduction in symptom levels at follow‐up (M = 53.64; d = .33) compared to the control group (M = 62.00). Results suggest community‐based bereavement counselling may have long‐term beneficial effects. Further longitudinal treatment effect investigations with extensive study intervals are needed.
Sperm whale dive behavior characteristics derived from intermediate‐duration archival tag data
Authors: Irvine Ladd , Palacios Daniel M. , Urbán Jorge , Mate Bruce 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHere, we describe the diving behavior of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) using the Advanced Dive Behavior (ADB) tag, which records depth data at 1‐Hz resolution and GPS‐quality locations for over 1 month, before releasing from the whale for recovery. A total of 27 ADB tags were deployed on sperm whales in the central Gulf of California, Mexico, during spring 2007 and 2008, of which 10 were recovered for data download. Tracking durations of all tags ranged from 0 to 34.5 days (median = 2.3 days), and 0.6 to 26.6 days (median = 5.0 days) for recovered tags. Recovered tags recorded a median of 50.8 GPS‐quality locations and 42.6 dives per day. Dive summary metrics were generated for archived dives and were subsequently classified into six categories using hierarchical cluster analysis. A mean of 77% of archived dives per individual were one of four dive categories with median Maximum Dive Depth >290 m (V‐shaped, Mid‐water, Benthic, or Variable), likely associated with foraging. Median Maximum Dive Depth was <30 m for the other two categories (Short‐ and Long‐duration shallow dives), likely representing socializing or resting behavior. Most tagged whales remained near the tagging area during the tracking period, but one moved north of Isla Tiburón, where it appeared to regularly dive to, and travel along the seafloor. Three whales were tagged on the same day in 2007 and subsequently traveled in close proximity (<1 km) for 2 days. During this period, the depth and timing of their dives were not coordinated, suggesting they were foraging on a vertically heterogeneous prey field. The multiweek dive records produced by ADB tags enabled us to generate a robust characterization of the diving behavior, activity budget, and individual variation for an important predator of the mesopelagos over temporal and spatial scales not previously possible.