bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Ergativity in Mayan
Authors: Aissen Judith 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince all Mayan languages are morphologically ergative, a central question concerns the role that ergativity plays in shaping the syntax. One widely accepted view is that at least those languages which exhibit constraints on the extraction of ergatives are “syntactically ergative”. Here we review the basic facts around ergative extraction in Mayan, surveying both those languages which permit it and those which do not, and identify areas of exceptionality and variation. Central to the discussion are ‘agent focus’ constructions, constructions which permit extraction of the external argument when it is blocked from a canonical transitive clause. We discuss two approaches this constellation of facts––one which holds that constraints on ergative extraction reflect syntactic ergativity and one which holds that they do not.
Hindi/Urdu and Related Languages
Authors: Butt Miriam 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of ergativity in Hindi/Urdu and some related South Asian languages. Hindi/Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language that is part of a South Asian linguistic area or Sprachbund in which Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, and Munda languages have been in constant contact for thousands of years. Hindi/Urdu is the South Asian language that has been studied most in terms of case marking and ergativity. It thus serves as a basis for this handbook article. The distribution of ergativity in Hindi/Urdu and related languages is explored and discussed in the context of the South Asian linguistic area and with respect to various structural and semantic factors that have been adduced in the literature.
The Structural Source of Split Ergativity and Ergative Case in Georgian
Authors: Nash Léa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOn the basis of the study of split ergativity in Georgian, this chapter defends a simple principle according to which the difference between a nominative and an ergative behaviour of the same language, and possibly across languages, consists in the capacity of the transitive subject to be theta-licensed, and by consequence case-licensed, in a position outside vP only in the nominative type. An outcome of this difference is that the transitive subject in ergative languages is licensed in vP, which is also the minimal domain containing the direct object. As both arguments of the transitive verb stay in vP, they are case-licensed by the same c-commanding functional head, according to the mechanism of Dependent Case (DC) assignment as originally proposed by Marantz (1991). The reason why one functional head marks two arguments in a language is due to the functional impoverishment between T and vP.
Branding Ailey
Authors: Broomfield Mark 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Through an ethnographic account of Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation (AADF), this article examines the tensions between the production and the liberation of the queer black male dancing body. Drawing from fieldwork conducted at the AADF during the summers of 2005, 2006, and 2008, it exposes the politics between on- and offstage performances of masculinity in two sites; the studio and the 2009 Ailey Gala. Within this context, space becomes an important framework for observing the internationally recognized branding of black male dancers for the AADF. Organizational culture, gender norms, and the policing of masculinity reveal strategies of the AADF in which traditional signifiers of (heterosexual) masculinity are emphasized, praised, and rewarded. Straying from this script not only risks suspicion and rejection within the presumed queer space of dance, but also reveals the narrow definitions of gender performance and expression allowed for black male dancers in the twenty-first century.
Long noncoding RNA MRAK009713 is a novel regulator of neuropathic pain in rats
Authors: Li Guilin , Jiang Huaide , Zheng Chaoran , Zhu Gaochun , Xu Yurong , Sheng Xuan , Wu Bing , Guo Jingjing , Zhu Shuanghua , Zhan Yuting , Lin Weijian , Ding Rui , Zhang Chunping , Liu Shuangmei , Zou Lifang , Yi Zhihua , Liang Shangdong 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs have been implicated in neuropathy. Here, we identify and validate a long noncoding RNA, MRAK009713, as the primary regulator of neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats. MRAK009713 expression was markedly increased in CCI rats associated with enhanced pain behaviors, and small interfering RNA against MRAK009713 significantly reduced both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in the CCI rats. MRAK009713 is predicted to interact with the nociceptive P2X3 receptor by CatRAPID, a bioinformatics technology. Overexpression of MRAK009713 markedly increased expression of P2X3 in the dorsal root ganglia of the control rats, and MRAK009713 small interfering RNA significantly inhibited the P2X3 expression in the dorsal root ganglia of the CCI rats. MRAK009713 directly interacted with the P2X3 protein heterologously expressed in the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and potentiated P2X3 receptor function. Thus, MRAK009713 is a novel positive regulator of neuropathic pain in rats through regulating the expression and function of the P2X3 receptor.
Mobility can promote the evolution of cooperation via emergent self-assortment dynamics
Authors: Joshi Jaideep , Couzin Iain D , Levin Simon A , Guttal Vishwesha 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe evolution of costly cooperation, where cooperators pay a personal cost to benefit others, requires that cooperators interact more frequently with other cooperators. This condition, called positive assortment, is known to occur in spatially-structured viscous populations, where individuals typically have low mobility and limited dispersal. However many social organisms across taxa, from cells and bacteria, to birds, fish and ungulates, are mobile, and live in populations with considerable inter-group mixing. In the absence of information regarding others’ traits or conditional strategies, such mixing may inhibit assortment and limit the potential for cooperation to evolve. Here we employ spatially-explicit individual-based evolutionary simulations to incorporate costs and benefits of two coevolving costly traits: cooperative and local cohesive tendencies. We demonstrate that, despite possessing no information about others’ traits or payoffs, mobility (via self-propulsion or environmental forcing) facilitates assortment of cooperators via a dynamically evolving difference in the cohesive tendencies of cooperators and defectors. We show analytically that this assortment can also be viewed in a multilevel selection framework, where selection for cooperation among emergent groups can overcome selection against cooperators within the groups. As a result of these dynamics, we find an oscillatory pattern of cooperation and defection that maintains cooperation even in the absence of well known mechanisms such as kin interactions, reciprocity, local dispersal or conditional strategies that require information on others’ strategies or payoffs. Our results offer insights into differential adhesion based mechanisms for positive assortment and reveal the possibility of cooperative aggregations in dynamic fission-fusion populations.Author SummaryCooperation among animals is ubiquitous. In a cooperative interaction, the cooperator confers a benefit to its partner at a personal cost. How does natural selection favour such a costly behaviour? Classical theories argue that cooperative interactions among genetic relatives, reciprocal cooperators, or among individuals within groups in viscous population structures are necessary to maintain cooperation. However, many organisms are mobile, and live in dynamic (fission-fusion) groups that constantly merge and split. In such populations, the above mechanisms may be inadequate to explain cooperation. Here, we develop a minimal model that explicitly accounts for mobility and cohesion among organisms. We find that mobility can support cooperation via emergent dynamic groups, even in the absence of previously known mechanisms. Our results may offer insights into the evolution of cooperation in animals that live in fission fusion groups, such as birds, fish or mammals, or microbes living in turbulent media, such as in oceans or in the bloodstreams of animal hosts.
Hybrid approach for parameter estimation in agent-based models
Authors: Gallaher Jill A. , Hawkins-Daarud Andrea , Massey Susan C. , Swanson Kristin R. , Anderson Alexander R.A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAgent-based models are valuable in cancer research to show how different behaviors emerge from individual interactions between cells and their environment. However, calibrating such models can be difficult, especially if the parameters that govern the underlying interactions are hard to measure experimentally. Herein, we detail a new method to converge on parameter sets that fit an agent-based model to multiscale data using a model of glioblastoma as an example.
Post-transcriptionally impairedde novomutations contribute to the genetic etiology of four neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Mao Fengbiao , Wang Lu , Zhao Xiaolu , Li Zhongshan , Xiao Luoyuan , Rao Rajesh C. , Li Jinchen , Teng Huajing , He Xin , Sun Zhong Sheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhile deleteriousde novomutations (DNMs) in coding region conferring risk in neuropsychiatric disorders have been revealed by next-generation sequencing, the role of DNMs involved in post-transcriptional regulation in pathogenesis of these disorders remains to be elucidated. Here, we identified 1,736 post-transcriptionally impaired DNMs (piDNMs), and prioritized 1,482 candidate genes in four neuropsychiatric disorders from 7,748 families. Our results revealed higher prevalence of piDNMs in the probands than in controls (P= 8.19×10−17), and piDNM-harboring genes were enriched for epigenetic modifications and neuronal or synaptic functions. Moreover, we identified 86 piDNM-containing genes forming convergent co-expression modules and intensive protein-protein interactions in at least two neuropsychiatric disorders. These cross-disorder genes carrying piDNMs could form interaction network centered on RNA binding proteins, suggesting a shared post-transcriptional etiology underlying these disorders. Our findings illustrate the significant contribution of piDNMs to four neuropsychiatric disorders, and lay emphasis on combining functional and network-based evidences to identify regulatory causes of genetic disorders.
Performance comparison of fiber sheet strengthened RC beams bonded with geopolymer and epoxy resin under ambient and fire conditions
Authors: Zhang Hai Yan , Lv Hao Ran , Kodur Venkatesh , Qi Shu Liang 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present performance comparison of fiber sheet-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams bonded with geopolymer and epoxy resin under ambient and fire conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
This study presents experimental results of bending tests at ambient temperature and fire resistance tests on two control beams and eight fiber sheet-strengthened RC beams. The test variables include fiber sheet type (carbon fiber [CF] and basalt fiber [BF] sheet), number of layers of fiber sheet (one and two layers) and adhesive agent type (geopolymers and epoxy resin). Data generated from these tests were used to evaluate and compare the strengthening effectiveness of CF-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and CF-reinforced geopolymer (CFRG) at ambient temperature and under fire exposure conditions.

Findings
Test results clearly show that the CFRG system can provide good strengthening effectiveness on RC beams at ambient temperature, as the CFRP system, owing to excellent bond properties of geopolymers. Although geopolymers possess better bonding properties at high temperature than organic matrix, the strengthened beams bonded with geopolymer do not exhibit better fire resistance than that those bonded with epoxy resin, owing to early falling-off of fire insulation. Thus, in CFRG-strengthened beams, relevant measures are to be taken to minimize falling-off of fire insulation to achieve good fire resistance.

Originality/value
The presented results are from unique fire tests and provide valuable insight (and information) on the performance of fiber sheet-strengthened RC beams bonded with geopolymer and epoxy resin under ambient and fire conditions.
Early Impact on Outpatients of Mandatory Adoption of the Diagnosis‐Related Group‐Based Reimbursement System in Korea on Use of Outpatient Care: Differences in Medical Utilization and Presurgery Examination
Authors: Kim Seung Ju , Han Kyu‐Tae , Kim Woorim , Kim Sun Jung , Park Eun‐Cheol 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of mandatory adoption of diagnosis‐related groups (DRGs) on the use of outpatient care in Korea.Data SourcesNational Health Claim data from 2,022 hospitals and 1,029,101 admission cases during 2011–2014: tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, inguinal/femoral hernia operation, and hemorrhoidectomy.Study DesignOutcome variables included probability of outpatient visit, number of outpatient visits, and outpatient medical expenditures within 30 days. Presurgery examination before hospitalization for surgery, including basic and other examination, was conducted to evaluate a possible shift in health care service. A difference‐in‐difference research design was used to evaluate the impact of the DRG system on the use of outpatient care.Principal FindingsBefore the introduction of the DRG system, 384,609 (91.1 percent) participants used an outpatient clinic either before or after hospitalization. In our study, the number of outpatient visits and outpatient medical expenditures within 30 days increased after mandatory adoption of the DRG system. After adoption of the DRG system, volume and costs for presurgery examinations increased before hospitalization.ConclusionWe observed a spillover effect after mandatory adoption of the DRG system. A future payment system should be designed for spillover effects, and the introduction of a new payment system that expands the DRG‐based reimbursement system should be considered.
Bioprocess scale‐up/down as integrative enabling technology: from fluid mechanics to systems biology and beyond
Authors: Delvigne Frank , Takors Ralf , Mudde Rob , van Gulik Walter , Noorman Henk 
Published: August 2017

SummaryEfficient optimization of microbial processes is a critical issue for achieving a number of sustainable development goals, considering the impact of microbial biotechnology in agrofood, environment, biopharmaceutical and chemical industries. Many of these applications require scale‐up after proof of concept. However, the behaviour of microbial systems remains unpredictable (at least partially) when shifting from laboratory‐scale to industrial conditions. The need for robust microbial systems is thus highly needed in this context, as well as a better understanding of the interactions between fluid mechanics and cell physiology. For that purpose, a full scale‐up/down computational framework is already available. This framework links computational fluid dynamics (CFD), metabolic flux analysis and agent‐based modelling (ABM) for a better understanding of the cell lifelines in a heterogeneous environment. Ultimately, this framework can be used for the design of scale‐down simulators and/or metabolically engineered cells able to cope with environmental fluctuations typically found in large‐scale bioreactors. However, this framework still needs some refinements, such as a better integration of gas–liquid flows in CFD, and taking into account intrinsic biological noise in ABM.
Evolved α‐factor prepro‐leaders for directed laccase evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Mateljak Ivan , Tron Thierry , Alcalde Miguel 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAlthough the functional expression of fungal laccases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be complicated, the replacement of signal peptides appears to be a suitable approach to enhance secretion in directed evolution experiments. In this study, twelve constructs were prepared by fusing native and evolved α‐factor prepro‐leaders from S. cerevisiae to four different laccases with low‐, medium‐ and high‐redox potential (PM1L from basidiomycete PM1; PcL from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus; TspC30L from Trametes sp. strain C30; and MtL from Myceliophthora thermophila). Microcultures of the prepro‐leader:laccase fusions were grown in selective expression medium that used galactose as both the sole carbon source and as the inducer of expression so that the secretion and activity were assessed with low‐ and high‐redox potential mediators in a high‐throughput screening context. With total activity improvements as high as sevenfold over those obtained with the native α‐factor prepro‐leader, the evolved prepro‐leader from PcL (αPcL) most strongly enhanced secretion of the high‐ and medium‐redox potential laccases PcL, PM1L and TspC30L in the microtiter format with an expression pattern driven by prepro‐leaders in the order αPcL > αPM1L ~ αnative. By contrast, the pattern of the low‐redox potential MtL was αnative > αPcL > αPM1L. When produced in flask with rich medium, the evolved prepro‐leaders outperformed the αnative signal peptide irrespective of the laccase attached, enhancing secretion over 50‐fold. Together, these results highlight the importance of using evolved α‐factor prepro‐leaders for functional expression of fungal laccases in directed evolution campaigns.
NMπ—improved re‐implementation of NM+, a software for estimating gene dispersal and mating patterns
Authors: Chybicki Igor J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study introduces the NMπ computer program designed for estimation of plant mating system and seed and pollen dispersal kernels. NMπ is a re‐implementation of the NM+ program and provides new features such as support for multicore processors, explicit treatment of dioecy, the possibility of incorporating uniparentally cytoplasmic markers, the possibility of assessing assortative mating due to phenotypic similarity and inference about offspring genealogies. The probability model of parentage (the neighbourhood model) accounts for missing data and genotyping errors, which can be estimated along with regular parameters of the mating system. The program has virtually no restrictions with respect to a number of individuals, markers or phenotypic characters. A console version of NMπ can be run under a wide variety of operating systems, including Windows, Linux or Mac OS. For Windows users, a graphical user interface is provided to facilitate operating the software. The program, user manual and example data are available on http://www.ukw.edu.pl/pracownicy/plik/igor_chybicki/3694/.
Microbe‐mediated control of Aspergillus flavus in stored rice grains with a focus on aflatoxin inhibition and biodegradation
Authors: Mannaa M. , Oh J.Y. , Kim K.D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiological control of mycotoxigenic fungi using antagonistic microbes is a promising alternative to agricultural chemicals for postharvest storage. In this study, we evaluated rice‐derived bacterial strains to identify biocontrol agents to inhibit Aspergillus flavus in stored rice grains. Consequently, we obtained three potential biocontrol strains (Microbacterium testaceum KU313, Bacillus megaterium KU143 and Pseudomonas protegens AS15) from 26 tested strains that were prescreened from the 460 strains isolated from rice grains. The three selected strains proved to be effective biocontrol agents showing antifungal activity against A. flavus and good colonisation ability on rice grains, along with inhibition of the fungal growth and aflatoxin production. In particular, P. protegens AS15 greatly inhibited the aflatoxins produced by A. flavus on rice grains to 8.68 (percent aflatoxin reduction relative to control = 82.9%) and 18.05 (68.3 %) ng g−1 dry weight of rice grains, compared with the 50.89 and 56.97 ng g−1 dry weight of rice grains of the MgSO4 control at 1 and 2 weeks after inoculation, respectively. In addition, strain AS15 had a significant ability to not only degrade aflatoxin B1 (the most harmful aflatoxin), but also utilise the toxin for bacterial growth in a nutrient‐deficient medium. Therefore, the selected bacterial strains could be environmentally sound alternatives for the management of A. flavus and aflatoxin production by reducing the fungal damage to stored rice grains. This would also reduce the human and animal health hazards associated with the consumption of fungus‐contaminated rice grains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the potential of the bacterial species M. testaceum and P. protegens as biocontrol agents for controlling aflatoxigenic A. flavus on stored rice grains.
Load‐dependence of myocardial deformation variables – a clinical strain‐echocardiographic study
Authors: Fredholm M. , Jörgensen K. , Houltz E. , Ricksten S.‐E. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe effects of left ventricular (LV) loading on myocardial deformation variables are not well‐studied in the clinical setting. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of isolated changes in preload, afterload and heart rate on LV longitudinal strain, systolic (SR‐S) and early diastolic strain rate (SR‐E) in post‐cardiac surgery patients.MethodsTwenty‐one patients were studied early after cardiac surgery. Longitudinal myocardial strain and SR were analysed off‐line using 2‐D speckle echocardiography. The experimental protocol consisted of three consecutive interventions: (1) preload was increased by passive leg elevation, (2) afterload was increased by an infusion of phenylephrine to increase arterial blood pressure by 10–15% and (3) heart rate was increased 10% and 20% by atrial pacing. During both the preload and afterload challenges heart rate was kept constant by atrial pacing. Central venous pressure was kept constant during pacing by infusion of hetastarch/albumin.ResultsThe increase in preload increased LV strain, SR‐S and SR‐E by 20%, 11% and 17%, respectively. The phenylephrine‐induced increase in afterload, did not affect LV strain, SR‐S or SR‐E. LV strain was not affected while SR‐S and SR‐E increased by pacing‐induced heart rate increase.ConclusionAfter cardiac surgery, systolic and early diastolic strain rate are dependent on both preload and heart rate, while neither of these variables was afterload‐dependent. LV strain was preload‐dependent but not affected by atrial pacing. When evaluating the direct effects of various pharmacological or other interventions on myocardial contractility and relaxation, preload and heart rate must be controlled.
Using Bayes factors to evaluate evidence for no effect: examples from the SIPS project
Authors: Dienes Zoltan , Coulton Simon , Heather Nick 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimsTo illustrate how Bayes factors are important for determining the effectiveness of interventions.MethodWe consider a case where inappropriate conclusions were drawn publicly based on significance testing, namely the SIPS project (Screening and Intervention Programme for Sensible drinking), a pragmatic, cluster‐randomized controlled trial in each of two health‐care settings and in the criminal justice system. We show how Bayes factors can disambiguate the non‐significant findings from the SIPS project and thus determine whether the findings represent evidence of absence or absence of evidence. We show how to model the sort of effects that could be expected, and how to check the robustness of the Bayes factors.ResultsThe findings from the three SIPS trials taken individually are largely uninformative but, when data from these trials are combined, there is moderate evidence for a null hypothesis (H0) and thus for a lack of effect of brief intervention compared with simple clinical feedback and an alcohol information leaflet (B = 0.24, P = 0.43).ConclusionScientists who find non‐significant results should suspend judgement—unless they calculate a Bayes factor to indicate either that there is evidence for a null hypothesis (H0) over a (well‐justified) alternative hypothesis (H1), or that more data are needed.