bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of White Light Endoscopy, Chromoendoscopy and Magnifying Endoscopy with Narrow Band Imaging in the Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer after Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Horiguchi Noriyuki , Tahara Tomomitsu 
Published: November 2017

Background & Aim: Early-stage gastric cancer (EGC) found after H. pylori eradication often has non-tumorous epithelium on the tumorous tissue and/or surface differentiation of tumors, which may confuse endoscopic and histologic diagnosis. We investigated the diagnostic reliability of EGC using conventional white light endoscopy (WLE), chromoendoscopy (CE) using indigo carmine, and magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) in patients with EGC with or without history of prior H. pylori eradication therapy.Methods: Diagnostic reliability of EGC by using the WLE, CE and ME-NBI was investigated in 71 EGC lesions diagnosed after successful H. pylori eradication (eradication group) and 115 EGC lesions with current H. pylori infection (control group).Results: Diagnostic reliability of EGC was lower in the eradication group than in the control group using all three modalities. In particular, the diagnostic accuracy of CE in the eradication group was especially lower compared to that of the control group (WLE: 74.6% vs. 86.1%, P=0.05; CE: 64.8% vs. 91.3%, P<0.0001; ME-NBI: 88.7% vs. 98.2%, P=0.01). The ME-NBI scored better in comparison with WLE and CE in the eradication group (both P<0.05). The indistinct EGC lesions in the eradicated group by using CE were associated with the presence of histological changes such as non-tumorous epithelium on the tumor and/or surface differentiation of tumors (P=0.005).Conclusions: It should be noted that the diagnostic reliability of EGC after H. pylori eradication becomes lower especially using CE. Indistinguishable cases using CE are associated with histological findings such as non-tumorous epithelium on the tumor and/or surface differentiation of tumors.Abbreviations: CE: chromoendoscopy; EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy; EGC: Early-stage gastric cancer; ESD: endoscopic submucosal dissection; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; ME-NBI: magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging; WLE: white light endoscopy.
Practice Variation in Acute Bronchiolitis: A Pediatric Emergency Research Networks Study
Authors: Schuh Suzanne , Babl Franz E. , Dalziel Stuart R. , Freedman Stephen B. , Macias Charles G. , Stephens Derek , Steele Dale W. , Fernandes Ricardo M. , Zemek Roger , Plint Amy C. , Florin Todd A. , Lyttle Mark D. , Johnson David W. , Gouin Serge , Schnadower David , Klassen Terry P. , Bajaj Lalit , Benito Javier , Kharbanda Anupam , Kuppermann Nathan ,   the Pediatric Emergency Research Networks (PERN)
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Studies characterizing hospitalizations in bronchiolitis did not identify patients receiving evidence-based supportive therapies (EBSTs). We aimed to evaluate intersite and internetwork variation in receipt of ≥1 EBSTs during the hospital management of infants diagnosed with bronchiolitis in 38 emergency departments of pediatric emergency research networks in Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. We hypothesized that there would be significant variation, adjusted for patient characteristics.

METHODS:
Retrospective cohort study of previously healthy infants aged &lt;12 months with bronchiolitis. Our primary outcome was that hospitalization occurred with EBST (ie, parenteral fluids, oxygen, or airway support).

RESULTS:
Out of 3725 participants, 1466 (39%) were hospitalized, and 1023 out of 1466 participants (69.8%) received EBST. The use of EBST varied by site (P &lt; .001; range 6%–99%, median 23%), but not by network (P = .2). Significant multivariable predictors and their odds ratios (ORs) were as follows: age (0.9), oxygen saturation (1.3), apnea (3.4), dehydration (3.2), nasal flaring and/or grunting (2.4), poor feeding (2.1), chest retractions (1.9), and respiratory rate (1.2). The use of pharmacotherapy and radiography varied by network and site (P &lt; .001), with respective intersite ranges 2% to 79% and 1.6% to 81%. Compared with Australia and New Zealand, the multivariable OR for the use of pharmacotherapy in Spain and Portugal was 22.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5–111), use in Canada was 11.5 (95% CI: 3.7–36), use in the United States was 6.8 (95% CI: 2.3–19.8), and use in the United Kingdom was 1.4 (95% CI: 0.4–4.2). Compared with United Kingdom, OR for radiography use in the United States was 4.9 (95% CI 2.0–12.2), use in Canada was 4.9 (95% CI 1.9–12.6), use in Spain and Portugal was 2.4 (95% CI 0.6–9.8), and use in Australia and New Zealand was 1.8 (95% CI 0.7–4.7).

CONCLUSIONS:
More than 30% of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis received no EBST. The hospital site was a source of variation in all study outcomes, and the network also predicted the use of pharmacotherapy and radiography.
ACÚMULO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES EM GENÓTIPOS DE SORGO FORRAGEIRO SOB SALINIDADE
Authors: COELHO DANIELA SIQUEIRA , SIMÕES WELSON LIMA , SALVIANO ALESSANDRA MONTEIRO , SOUZA MOISÉS ALVES DE , SANTOS JOSÉ EZEQUIEL DE 
Published: December 2017

O controle na absorção e distribuição de íons Na+ e Cl- nos tecidos das plantas está diretamente relacionado com o grau de tolerância das plantas à salinidade, podendo minimizar possíveis distúrbios nutricionais devido a competição desses íons com elementos como N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da salinidade sobre o acúmulo e distribuição de Na, Cl e macronutrientes em dez genótipos de sorgo forrageiro.O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação localizada na sede da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) – Semiárido, em Petrolina – PE. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados dispostos em esquema fatorial 10x6, considerando dez genótipos de sorgo forrageiro, seis níveis de salinidade etrês repetições. Após a colheita, as plantas foram separadas em folhas, colmos e raízes, colocadas para secar e trituradas para posterior determinação dos elementos N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na e Cl. Verificou-se que o aumento da salinidade influenciou na redução da quantidade de macronutrientes acumulada em folhas, colmos e raízes de sorgo forrageiro, estando diretamente relacionado com as perdas de matéria seca e com efeito competitivo de íons Na+ e Cl- que se encontram em excesso na solução do solo.
El pensamiento pedagógico de Natalia Górriz
Authors: Argueta Hernández Bienvenido 
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo describe y analiza la obra de la primera educadora centroamericana y autora de los textos sobre pedagogía que más influenciaron a las estudiantes y educadoras de principios del siglo XX. Natalia Górriz no solo fue profesora, directora de las principales escuelas normales del país, fue también escritora feminista y geógrafa. Su obra incorpora conceptos clave que redefinen el rol del docente, una de sus preocupaciones más recurrentes. Además de hacer suyas las principales ideas de la psicología educativa de la época, también presenta ideas acerca del reconocimiento de los derechos del niño por parte de la organización escolar. El examen de su obra se hace sobre la base de los métodos históricos hermenéuticos y por medio de una recopilación exhaustiva de su obra escrita en libros y artículos de prensa.
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Contextualización: Idioma Maya Mam
Contextualizador: Rosendo Ordóñez Maldonado
Ministerio de Educación de Guatemala
CH’IN TUMILAL
Atzunj b’ib’il lu’ nq’aman ti’j txinb’itz jun xjal xu’j ti’j txilen xnaq’tzanjtz te kye xjal tuj tenb’il ojtxi ch’in, lepcho’qe ila’ xjal ti’j txinb’etz tu’n tb’aj txolb’a’n txilen. Atzun Natalia Górriz jun xu’j nya noqax okten xnaq’tzal ex nya okxten b’ínchal tumilal tu’n kyxnaq’tzet qe xnaq’tzal, ax okten tz’ib’il kyximb’etz xu’j ex xpich’il chwinqlal twitz tx’otx. Atzun jun tumil txinb’etz tza’nxix jaku b’ant twitz taq’un xnaq’tzal, tu’ntzuntok tipun kyxinb’etz xjal. Kub’xix tq’on tnab’il tij xnaq’tzb’il kychwinlal xjal tuj anb’il el twitz tq’ij ax xitq’o’n tnab’il ti’j tumilal kychwinlal tal k’wal tuj xnaq’tzbil tza’nxix tu’n kyok q’el tywitz. Oktb’aj qki’n taq’un okub’ ttz’ib’an ti’j nuk’b’il tumilal tza’n jaku tz’el qniky’ ti’j ntq’ama’n ti’chaq xinb’itz ite’ tuj yolb’il tz’ib’anmaj

Tipumal yol: Txilen xnaq’tzanjtz; Tipumal xinb’etz ax txilen; Nuk’b’il yolb’il: Xnaq’tzb’il qchwinq’lal
A Novel Allele of GmSACPD‐C Associated with High Seed Stearic Acid Concentration in an EMS‐Induced Mutant PE980 in Soybean
Authors: Jeong Jae‐Eun , Kulkarni Krishnanand P. , Chang Jeong Ho , Ha Bo‐Keun , Kang Sung Taeg , Bilyeu Kristin , Jo Hyun , Song Jong Tae , Lee Jeong‐Dong 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTStearic acid is a relatively minor component of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil. Increasing the stearic acid concentration is desired for industrial and food applications, as well as enhanced oxidative stability of the oil. Several ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)‐induced mutants with elevated seed stearic acid concentration have been reported in soybean. Such mutants were often found to carry alterations in the GmSACPD‐C gene encoding Δ9‐stearoyl‐acyl carrier protein‐desaturase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of stearic acid to oleic acid in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. In the present study, we identified a new GmSACPD‐C allele in an EMS‐induced high‐stearic‐acid mutant PE980. The mutant showed a seed stearic acid concentration of ∼160 g kg−1, fourfold that of the wild‐type ‘Pungsannamul’. A single base substitution from guanine to adenine at genomic position 703 of first exon of the GmSACPD‐C gene was identified through sequencing, and validated by cosegregation analysis of 167 F2 plants using an allele‐specific SimpleProbe marker. The mutation caused a valine to methionine (+70 position) change in the predicted GmSACPD‐Cprotein sequence. The sequence alignments and three‐dimensional structure modeling of GmSACPD‐C showed that the V70M mutation affects substrate binding and dimerization to reduce enzyme activity. Since the mutant showed significant reductions in seed yield compared with the wild type, marker‐assisted backcrossing may be needed to reduce the yield gap.
Worldwide Genetic Diversity of the Wild Species Saccharum spontaneum and Level of Diversity Captured within Sugarcane Breeding Programs
Authors: Aitken Karen , Li Jingchuan , Piperidis George , Qing Cai , Yuanhong Fan , Jackson Phillip 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTSugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and produces 80% of the world's sucrose primarily for human consumption but is increasingly used as a feedstock for biofuel. Commercial cultivars are hybrids between two species, Saccharum officinarum L. and S. spontaneum L. Saccharum spontaneum is the wild species with generally low sucrose levels and is used to introgress traits such as high yield, increased disease resistance, and ratooning. Molecular markers generated across the Saccharum genome were used to analyze diversity across 430 S. spontaneum accessions collected from 21 different countries and 255 cultivars from two breeding programs. A total of 724 markers were used for principle coordinate and cluster analysis, which revealed two main clusters that corresponded to accessions collected north or south of the Tropic of Cancer. The majority of the accessions clustered according to country of origin. Genetic similarity ranged from 0.25 to 0.54, with the highest diversity in accessions collected in Indonesia, followed by China, India, and Thailand, and the lowest in the Philippines. The diversity in the cultivar collection was lower than in the S. spontaneum accessions, as expected. Despite the low number of S. spontaneum clones used for breeding varieties, 51 to 80% of markers were captured in the breeding populations, although many at a low frequency. This is due to the high heterozygosity of sugarcane related to high ploidy and the introgression programs that have been performed in a number of sugarcane breeding programs. The genetic similarity was highest within the breeding program, and there remains large amounts of unexplored diversity in the wild germplasm. Diversity analysis could be used to guide the selection of wild S. spontaneum accessions, along with phenotypic data for introgression into breeding programs to increase genetic diversity.
Diagnostic Markers for Vernalization and Photoperiod Loci Improve Genomic Selection for Grain Yield and Spectral Reflectance in Wheat
Authors: Mason R. Esten , Addison Christopher K. , Babar Ali , Acuna Andrea , Lozada Dennis , Subramanian Nithya , Arguello Maria Nelly , Miller Randall G. , Brown‐Guedira Gina , Guedira Mohammed , Johnson Jerry 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measured across different growth stages in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and to determine the predictability of NDVI and grain yield (GY) using a genomic selection (GS) approach. The RILs were grown over three seasons in 12 total site‐years and NDVI was measured in seven site‐years. Measurements of NDVI from tillering to physiological maturity showed low to moderate heritability (h2 = 0.06–0.68). Positive correlations were observed among NDVI, GY, and biomass, particularly in low‐yielding site‐years. Quantitative trait loci analysis found 18 genomic regions associated with NDVI, with most pleiotropic across multiple growth stages. The QTL were detected near markers for Ppd‐B1, Ppd‐D1, vrn‐A1, and vrn‐B1, with Ppd‐D1 having the largest effect. Multiple QTL models showed that epistatic interactions between Ppd and Vrn loci also significantly influenced NDVI. Genomic selection accuracy ranged from r = −0.10 to 0.54 for NDVI across growth stages. However, the inclusion of Vrn and Ppd loci as fixed effect covariates increased GS accuracy for NDVI and GY in site‐year groupings with the lowest heritability. The highest accuracy for GY (r = 0.58–0.59) was observed in the site‐year grouping with the highest heritability (h2 = 0.85). Overall, these results will aid in future selection of optimal plant growth for target environments using both phenotypic and GS approaches.
Changes in temporal inequality and persistence of precipitation over China during the period 1961–2013
Authors: Hu Shanshan , Feng Fan , Liu Wenbin , She Dunxian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The spatial-temporal variability of precipitation is closely related to the occurrence of drought/flood, which thus merits close study. Here we examine the temporal inequality and persistence of precipitation over China from 1961 to 2013, through the use of Gini coefficient, Lorenz asymmetry coefficient and parameters (P00 and P11) of first-order Markov chain. The Mann-Kendall test was also applied to assess the changes in all indices used. The results showed that the temporal inequality of daily precipitation increased, associated with decreased wet days and increased heavy precipitation events, during the past century in most parts of China. The dry spell overall increased while wet spell declined during the period 1961–2013, which implied that the risks of both drought and flood would enhance over China in the future. However, the changes in temporal inequality and persistence of precipitation varied among sub-regions and basins, for example, extreme precipitation decreased in Songhua River basin and Pearl River basin but increased in other basins. The results obtained in this study would be helpful for understanding the spatial-temporal changes of precipitation (and thus drought and flood disasters) and for developing reasonable strategies for water resources management over China under the changing climate.
Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment: updated recommendations
Authors: Wilhelm Natalie , Kaufmann Anya , Blanton Elizabeth , Lantagne Daniele 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Household water treatment with chlorine can improve the microbiological quality of household water and reduce diarrheal disease. We conducted laboratory and field studies to inform chlorine dosage recommendations. In the laboratory, reactors of varying turbidity (10–300 NTU) and total organic carbon (0–25 mg/L addition) were created, spiked with Escherichia coli, and dosed with 3.75 mg/L sodium hypochlorite. All reactors had &gt;4 log reduction of E. coli 24 hours after chlorine addition. In the field, we tested 158 sources in 22 countries for chlorine demand. A 1.88 mg/L dosage for water from improved sources of &lt;5 or &lt;10 NTU turbidity met free chlorine residual criteria (≤2.0 mg/L at 1 hour, ≥0.2 mg/L at 24 hours) 91–94% and 82–87% of the time at 8 and 24 hours, respectively. In unimproved water source samples, a 3.75 mg/L dosage met relaxed criteria (≤4.0 mg/L at 1 hour, ≥0.2 mg/L after 24 hours) 83% and 65% of the time after 8 and 24 hours, respectively. We recommend water from improved/low turbidity sources be dosed at 1.88 mg/L and used within 24 hours, and from unimproved/higher turbidity sources be dosed at 3.75 mg/L and consumed within 8 hours. Further research on field effectiveness of chlorination is recommended.
Investigating the capability of two hybrid intelligence methods to predict bedform dimensions of alluvial channels
Authors: Qaderi Kourosh , Maddahi Mohammad Reza , Rahimpour Majid , Masoumi Shahr-babak Mojtaba 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDimensions of river bedforms have an effect on total roughness. The complexity of bedform development causes empirical methods to differentiate from each other in predicting bedform dimensions. In this paper, two novel hybrid intelligence models based on a combination of the group method of data handling (GMDH) with the harmony search (HS) algorithm and shuffled complex evolution (SCE) have been developed for predicting bedform dimensions. A data set of 446 field and laboratory measurements were used to evaluate the ability of the developed models. The results were compared to conventional GMDH models with two kinds of transfer functions and an empirical formula. Also, five different combinations of dimensionless parameters as input variables were examined for predicting bedform dimensions. Results reveal that GMDH-HS and GMDH-SCE have good performance in predicting bedform dimensions, and all artificial intelligence methods were dramatically different to the empirical formula of van Rijn showing that using these methods is a key to solving complexity in predicting bedform dimensions. Also, comparing different combinations of dimensionless parameters reveals that there is no significant difference between the accuracy of each combination in predicting bedform dimensions.
Flow-through electrosorption process for removal of 2,4-D pesticide from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon cloth fixed-bed electrodes
Authors: Bayram Edip , Kızıl Çağdaş , Ayrancı Erol 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Wastewater treatment systems have great importance in dealing with increasing environmental pollution. In this study, a specially designed and constructed flow-through electrochemical cell was used to enhance the electrosorptive removal capacity of 2,4-Dichlorofenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) pesticide from aqueous solutions onto high area activated carbon cloth (ACC) fixed-bed electrodes. The change in concentration of 2,4-D during the electrosorption process was followed by an online UV–Vis spectrophotometric system. Effects of operational parameters such as volumetric flow rate, applied potential and existence of Na2SO4 salt on electrosorption of 2,4-D were examined. Optimum values were found to be 10 mL·min−1 for volumetric flow rate and +900 mV for the applied potential to polarize ACC. Maximum capacity of 729 mg·gACC−1 has been achieved for removal of 2,4-D pesticides.
Treatment wetlands in decentralised approaches for linking sanitation to energy and food security
Authors: Langergraber Guenter , Masi Fabio 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Treatment wetlands (TWs) are engineered systems that mimic the processes in natural wetlands with the purpose of treating contaminated water. Being a simple and robust technology, TWs are applied worldwide to treat various types of water. Besides treated water for reuse, TWs can be used in resources-oriented sanitation systems for recovering nutrients and carbon, as well as for growing biomass for energy production. Additionally, TWs provide a large number of ecosystem services. Integrating green infrastructure into urban developments can thus facilitate circular economy approaches and has positive impacts on environment, economy and health.
Percepciones sobre la autonomía universitaria de los docentes-investigadores de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Rikap Cecilia 
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la vigencia del concepto de autonomía universitaria en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), ante la apertura de vínculos de investigación con empresas de capital. Para ello, se distinguen tres dimensiones de dicha autonomía (corporativa, de la razón y financiera). Se sugiere que es la autonomía financiera la actualmente jerarquizada y que su búsqueda ha orientado a la UBA a la producción para el mercado, direccionando sus investigaciones según demandas privadas que ponen en riesgo a la autonomía de la razón. Asimismo, se sostiene que la crisis de representación de sus órganos de gobierno ha transformado la autonomía corporativa en escudo de necesidades de grupos reducidos. A partir de entrevistas en profundidad a un grupo de docentes-investigadores de una de sus llamadas facultades de investigación, la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, estudiamos luego cómo son entendidas esas dimensiones de la autonomía universitaria, indagando si tales riesgos aparecen en sus percepciones.
Educación intercultural y culturas indígenas en América Latina: un análisis de la experiencia de la licenciatura en Pedagogía de la Madre Tierra (Colombia)
Authors: Rivera-Mateos Manuel , Osuna-Rodríguez Mercedes , Rodríguez García Luis 
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo analiza la experiencia de implantación y funcionamiento de la licenciatura en Pedagogía de la Madre Tierra de la Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) como programa específico e innovador de educación superior —único en su género en América Latina— que pretende profundizar en la problemática de la educación intercultural universitaria adaptada a las necesidades y especificidades de las comunidades indígenas. Esta licenciatura se plantea desde diversas dimensiones y enfoques relacionados con el desarrollo de los planes de vida indígena y las cosmovisiones y cosmogonías de sus pueblos, el fomento del diálogo intercultural y la diversidad cultural. El análisis y el avance efectuado en la sistematización del modelo educativo se centra, entre otros aspectos, en los encuentros zonales de formación mantenidos entre el equipo de profesionales, docentes y facilitadores del programa académico y las comunidades indígenas, la estructura curricular, los perfiles de los proyectos comunitarios de los estudiantes indígenas, la homologación de títulos y las oportunidades, limitaciones y dificultades encontradas, así como las perspectivas que se han abierto con el reconocimiento institucional y académico de la titulación.