bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment among Black and White community-dwelling older adults using NIH Toolbox Cognition tablet battery
Authors: Rigby Taylor , Gregoire Allyson M. , Reader Johnathan , Kahsay Yonatan , Fisher Jordan , Kairys Anson , Bhaumik Arijit K. , Rahman-Filipiak Annalise , Maher Amanda Cook , Hampstead Benjamin M. , Heidebrink Judith L. , Kavcic Voyko , Giordani Bruno 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectives:Identify which NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) subtest(s) best differentiate healthy controls (HC) from those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and compare the discriminant accuracy between a model using a priori “Norm Adjusted” scores versus “Unadjusted” standard scores with age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education controlled for within the model. Racial differences were also examined.Methods:Participants were Black/African American (B/AA) and White consensus-confirmed (HC = 96; aMCI = 62) adults 60–85 years old that completed the NIHTB-CB for tablet. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used in the Total Sample and separately for B/AA (n = 80) and White participants (n = 78).Results:Picture Sequence Memory (an episodic memory task) was the highest loading coefficient across all DFA models. When stratified by race, differences were noted in the pattern of the highest loading coefficients within the DFAs. However, the overall discriminant accuracy of the DFA models in identifying HCs and those with aMCI did not differ significantly by race (B/AA, White) or model/score type (Norm Adjusted versus Unadjusted).Conclusions:Racial differences were noted despite the use of normalized scores or demographic covariates—highlighting the importance of including underrepresented groups in research. While the models were fairly accurate at identifying consensus-confirmed HCs, the models proved less accurate at identifying White participants with an aMCI diagnosis. In clinical settings, further work is needed to optimize computerized batteries and the use of NIHTB-CB norm adjusted scores is recommended. In research settings, demographically corrected scores or within model correction is suggested.
Altered learning from positive feedback in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Uniacke Blair , van den Bos Wouter , Wonderlich Joseph , Ojeda Jessica , Posner Jonathan , Steinglass Joanna E. , Foerde Karin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjective:Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by severe restriction of calorie intake, which persists despite serious medical and psychological sequelae of starvation. Several prior studies have identified impaired feedback learning among individuals with AN, but whether it reflects a disturbance in learning from positive feedback (i.e., reward), negative feedback (i.e., punishment), or both, and the extent to which this impairment is related to severity and duration of illness, has not been clarified.Method:Participants were female adolescents with AN (n = 76) and healthy teen volunteers (HC; n = 38) between the ages of 12–18 years who completed a probabilistic reinforcement learning task. A Bayesian reinforcement learning model was used to calculate separate learning rates for positive and negative feedback. Exploratory analyses examined associations between feedback learning and duration of illness, eating disorder severity, and self/parent reports of reward and punishment sensitivity.Results:Adolescents with AN had a significantly lower rate of learning from positive feedback relative to HC. Patients and HC did not differ in learning from negative feedback or on overall task performance measures. Feedback learning parameters were not significantly associated with duration of illness, eating disorder severity, or questionnaire-based reports of reward and punishment sensitivity.Conclusion:Adolescents with AN showed a circumscribed deficit in learning from reward that was not associated with duration of illness or reported sensitivity to reward or punishment. Subsequent longitudinal research should explore whether differences in learning from positive feedback relate to course of illness in youth with AN.
Anxiety in late-life depression is associated with poorer performance across multiple cognitive domains
Authors: Kryza-Lacombe Maria , Kassel Michelle T. , Insel Philip S. , Rhodes Emma , Bickford David , Burns Emily , Butters Meryl A. , Tosun Duygu , Aisen Paul , Raman Rema , Saykin Andrew J. , Toga Arthur W. , Jack Clifford R. , Weiner Michael W. , Nelson Craig , Mackin R. Scott 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjective:Anxiety is a common comorbid feature of late-life depression (LLD) and is associated with poorer global cognitive functioning independent of depression severity. However, little is known about whether comorbid anxiety is associated with a domain-specific pattern of cognitive dysfunction. We therefore examined group differences (LLD with and without comorbid anxiety) in cognitive functioning performance across multiple domains.Method:Older adults with major depressive disorder (N = 228, ages 65–91) were evaluated for anxiety and depression severity, and cognitive functioning (learning, memory, language, processing speed, executive functioning, working memory, and visuospatial functioning). Ordinary least squares regression adjusting for age, sex, education, and concurrent depression severity examined anxiety group differences in performance on tests of cognitive functioning.Results:Significant group differences emerged for confrontation naming and visuospatial functioning, as well as for verbal fluency, working memory, and inhibition with lower performance for LLD with comorbid anxiety compared to LLD only, controlling for depression severity.Conclusions:Performance patterns identified among older adults with LLD and comorbid anxiety resemble neuropsychological profiles typically seen in neurodegenerative diseases of aging. These findings have potential implications for etiological considerations in the interpretation of neuropsychological profiles.
Using augmented reality to assess spatial neglect: The Free Exploration Test (FET)
Authors: Stammler Britta , Lambert Marian , Schuster Thomas , Flammer Kathrin , Karnath Hans-Otto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground:To capture the distortion of exploratory activity typical of patients with spatial neglect, traditional diagnostic methods and new virtual reality applications use confined workspaces that limit patients’ exploration behavior to a predefined area. Our aim was to overcome these limitations and enable the recording of patients’ biased activity in real, unconfined space.Methods:We developed the Free Exploration Test (FET) based on augmented reality technology. Using a live stream via the back camera on a tablet, patients search for a (non-existent) virtual target in their environment, while their exploration movements are recorded for 30 s. We tested 20 neglect patients and 20 healthy participants and compared the performance of the FET with traditional neglect tests.Results:In contrast to controls, neglect patients exhibited a significant rightward bias in exploratory movements. The FET had a high discriminative power (area under the curve = 0.89) and correlated positively with traditional tests of spatial neglect (Letter Cancellation, Bells Test, Copying Task, Line Bisection). An optimal cut-off point of the averaged bias of exploratory activity was at 9.0° on the right; it distinguished neglect patients from controls with 85% sensitivity.Discussion:FET offers time-efficient (execution time: ∼3 min), easy-to-apply, and gamified assessment of free exploratory activity. It supplements traditional neglect tests, providing unrestricted recording of exploration in the real, unconfined space surrounding the patient.
Imaging Attenuation From Array Analysis of Surface Waves
Authors: Bao Xueyang , Wang Nian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnelastic attenuation provides key insight in our understanding of thermal and rheological structures and the associated deformation and dynamic mechanisms of the Earth's deep interior. Unfortunately, attenuation tomography is advanced far behind wave‐speed tomography due to the challenge in properly excluding the complex effects of elastic heterogeneities on seismic wave amplitude. By taking advantage of phase tracking in seismic array analysis, here we derive a new theory of Helmholtz tomography that well accounts for attenuation, source radiation, and scattering, etc., and present a technique called Helmholtz Multi‐Event Tomography (HelMET) to retrieve the attenuation properly. The effectiveness of this method is then validated by synthetic inversions. Our synthetic seismograms are calculated using a newly developed three‐dimensional finite‐difference algorithm that accounts for physical dispersion and dissipation in anelastic media and remains accurate and stable even if strong attenuation exists. Compared to the traditional method poorly performed in the synthetic inversion, the HelMET well recovers the input attenuation anomalies, suggesting that this method can be used to successfully isolate attenuation from the complicated effects of elastic heterogeneities. Our results underline the implication of the new theory and method in accurately imaging high‐resolution attenuation structures and unambiguously interpreting the anelastic heterogeneities of the Earth by array‐based earthquake and ambient noise data with inexpensive computation.
Evolution of Turbulent Boundary Conditions on the Surface of Large Barchan Dunes: Anomalies in Aerodynamic Roughness and Shear Velocity, Aeolian Threshold, and the Role of Dune Skewness
Authors: Louge M. Y. , Valance A. , Fang J. , Harnett S. J. , Porté‐Agel F. , Chasle P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe recorded aerodynamic roughness and shear velocity along transects on and around mature crescent‐shaped barchan dunes of and height above the horizontal rock‐covered Qatar desert by fitting to the log‐law time‐averaged vertical velocity profiles acquired from triads of ultrasonic anemometers penetrating the inner turbulent boundary layer. Shear velocity first decreased, then recovered as air climbed on the dune, with a local maximum ahead of the crest as predicted by the Jackson and Hunt (1975, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710143015) theory. Unlike flows over gentler bedforms without a slope discontinuity, an anomalous peak of shear velocity also arose on the dune centerline at the brink, which the theory attributed to skewness in the dune transect profile. The onset of aeolian transport produced a log‐law passing through the Bagnold (1941, https://doi.org/10.1007/978‐94‐009‐5682‐7) focal point. It was bracketed by noticeable hysteretic peaks in the correlation between wind speed and entrained sand flux. The dunes' rocky surroundings and topography produced an aerodynamic roughness at odds with the Nikuradse (1933, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930093938) data for fully developed turbulent boundary layers. Large‐eddy numerical simulations illustrated the sensitivity of shear velocity to wide changes in aerodynamic roughness from desert floor to dune surface.
Mechanical Energy Dissipation During Seismic Dynamic Weakening in Calcite‐Bearing Faults
Authors: Aretusini Stefano , Nuñez Cascajero Arantzazu , Cornelio Chiara , Barrero Echevarria Xabier , Spagnuolo Elena , Tapetado Alberto , Vazquez Carmen , Di Toro Giulio , Cocco Massimo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarthquakes are frictional instabilities caused by the shear stress decrease, that is, dynamic weakening, of faults with slip and slip rate. During dynamic weakening, shear stress depends on slip, slip rate, and temperature, according to constitutive laws governing the earthquake rupture process. In the laboratory, technical limitations in measuring temperature during frictional instabilities inhibit the investigation and interpretation of shear stress evolution. Here we conduct high velocity friction experiments on calcite‐bearing simulated faults, both on bare‐rock and on gouge samples, at 20–30 MPa normal stress, 1–6 m/s slip rate and 1–20 m total slip. Seismic slip pulses are reproduced by imposing boxcar and regularized Yoffe slip rate functions. We measured, together with shear stress, slip, and slip rate, the temperature evolution on the fault by employing an innovative two‐color fiber optic pyrometer. The comparison between modeled and measured temperature reveals that for calcite‐bearing faults the heat sink caused by decarbonation reaction controls the temperature evolution. In bare‐rocks, energy is dissipated as frictional heat, and temperature increase is buffered by the heat sink of the calcite decarbonation reaction. In gouges, energy is dissipated as frictional heat and for plastic deformation processes, balanced by the heat sink caused by the decarbonation reaction enhanced by the mechanochemical effect. Our results suggest that in calcite‐bearing rocks, a common fault zone material for earthquake sources in the continental crust at shallow depth, the type of fault materials (bare‐rocks vs. gouges) controls the energy dissipation during seismic slip.
Neural stem cells derived from α-synuclein-knockdown iPS cells alleviate Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wang Chie-Hong , Lin Guan-Cyun , Fu Ru-Huei , Huang Yu-Chuen , Chen Shih-Yin , Lin Shinn-Zong , Harn Horng-Jyh , Shyu Woei-Cherng , Huang Yi‐Fang , Jeng Long-Bin , Liu Shih-Ping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStem cells have the potential to replace damaged or defective cells and assist in the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease. iPS cells derived from patient-specific somatic cells are not only ethically acceptable, but they also avoid complications relating to immune rejection. Currently, researchers are developing stem cell-based therapies for PD using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. iPS cells can differentiate into cells from any of the three germ layers, including neural stem cells (NSCs). Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is an emerging therapy for treating neurological disorders by restoring neuronal function. Nevertheless, there are still challenges associated with the quality and source of neural stem cells. This issue can be addressed by genetically edited iPS cells. In this study, shRNA was used to knock down the expression of mutant α-synuclein (SNCA) in iPS cells that were generated from SNCA A53T transgenic mice, and these iPS cells were differentiated to NSCs. After injecting these NSCs into SNCA A53T mice, the therapeutic effects of these cells were evaluated. We found that the transplantation of neural stem cells produced from SNCA A53T iPS cells with knocking down SNCA not only improved SNCA A53T mice coordination abilities, balance abilities, and locomotor activities but also significantly prolonged their lifespans. The results of this study suggest an innovative therapeutic approach that combines stem cell therapy and gene therapy for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
Deubiquitinase JOSD1 tempers hepatic proteotoxicity
Authors: Chowdhury Saheli , Sen Abhishek , Das Debajyoti , Chakrabarti Partha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDerangements in protein homeostasis and associated proteotoxicity mark acute, chronic, and drug-induced hepatocellular injury. Metabolic dysfunction-associated proteasomal inhibition and the use of proteasome inhibitors often underlie such pathological hepatic proteotoxicity. In this study, we sought to identify a candidate deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) responsible for reversing the proteotoxic damage. To this end, we performed a siRNA screening wherein 96 DUBs were individually knocked down in HepG2 cells under proteasomal inhibitor-induced stress for dual readouts, apoptosis, and cell viability. Among the putative hits, we chose JOSD1, a member of the Machado-Josephin family of DUBs that reciprocally increased cell viability and decreased cell death under proteotoxicity. JOSD1-mediated mitigation of proteotoxicity was further validated in primary mouse hepatocytes by gain and loss of function studies. Marked plasma membrane accumulation of monoubiquitinated JOSD1 in proteotoxic conditions is a prerequisite for its protective role, while the enzymatically inactive JOSD1 C36A mutant was conversely polyubiquitinated, does not have membrane localisation and fails to reverse proteotoxicity. Mechanistically, JOSD1 physically interacts with the suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1), deubiquitinates it and enhances its stability under proteotoxic stress. Indeed, SOCS1 expression is necessary and sufficient for the hepatoprotective function of JOSD1 under proteasomal inhibition. In vivo, adenovirus-mediated ectopic expression or depletion of JOSD1 in mice liver respectively protects or aggravates hepatic injury when challenged with proteasome blocker Bortezomib. Our study thus unveils JOSD1 as a potential candidate for ameliorating hepatocellular damage in liver diseases.
Targeting SNRNP200-induced splicing dysregulation offers an immunotherapy opportunity for glycolytic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Yang Wenxiao , Hong Luo , Guo Linwei , Wang Yunjin , Han Xiangchen , Han Boyue , Xing Zheng , Zhang Guoliang , Zhou Hongxia , Chen Chao , Ling Hong , Shao Zhimin , Hu Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysregulation is prominent in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), yet therapeutic strategies targeting cancer metabolism are limited. Here, utilizing multiomics data from our TNBC cohort (n = 465), we demonstrated widespread splicing deregulation and increased spliceosome abundance in the glycolytic TNBC subtype. We identified SNRNP200 as a crucial mediator of glucose-driven metabolic reprogramming. Mechanistically, glucose induces acetylation at SNRNP200 K1610, preventing its proteasomal degradation. Augmented SNRNP200 then facilitates splicing key metabolic enzyme-encoding genes (GAPDH, ALDOA, and GSS), leading to increased lactic acid and glutathione production. Targeting SNRNP200 with antisense oligonucleotide therapy impedes tumor metabolism and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy by activating intratumoral CD8+ T cells while suppressing regulatory T cells. Clinically, higher SNRNP200 levels indicate an inferior response to immunotherapy in glycolytic TNBCs. Overall, our study revealed the intricate interplay between RNA splicing and metabolic dysregulation, suggesting an innovative combination strategy for immunotherapy in glycolytic TNBCs.
Novel MLH1 nonsense variant in a patient with suspected Lynch syndrome
Authors: Takaiso Nobue , Imoto Issei , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Yoshimura Akiyo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Loss-of-function germline variants of MLH1 cause Lynch syndrome. Here, we present the case of a 43-year-old male patient diagnosed with cecal and transverse colon adenocarcinomas. The characteristics of the case met the revised Bethesda guidelines, and the tumors demonstrated a high frequency of microsatellite instability. Genetic testing for mismatch repair genes (indicative of Lynch syndrome) revealed a novel heterozygous germline pathogenic variant, NM_000249.4:c.856A>T/NP_000240.1:p.(Lys286Ter), in MLH1.
Sustainable-use marine protected areas to improve human nutrition
Authors: Viana Daniel F. , Gill David , Zvoleff Alex , Krueck Nils C. , Zamborain-Mason Jessica , Free Christopher M. , Shepon Alon , Grieco Dana , Schmidhuber Josef , Mascia Michael B. , Golden Christopher D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoral reef fisheries are a vital source of nutrients for thousands of nutritionally vulnerable coastal communities around the world. Marine protected areas are regions of the ocean designed to preserve or rehabilitate marine ecosystems and thereby increase reef fish biomass. Here, we evaluate the potential effects of expanding a subset of marine protected areas that allow some level of fishing within their borders (sustainable-use MPAs) to improve the nutrition of coastal communities. We estimate that, depending on site characteristics, expanding sustainable-use MPAs could increase catch by up to 20%, which could help prevent 0.3-2.85 million cases of inadequate micronutrient intake in coral reef nations. Our study highlights the potential add-on nutritional benefits of expanding sustainable-use MPAs in coral reef regions and pinpoints locations with the greatest potential to reduce inadequate micronutrient intake level. These findings provide critical knowledge given international momentum to cover 30% of the ocean with MPAs by 2030 and eradicate malnutrition in all its forms.
Longitudinal proteome-wide antibody profiling in Marburg virus survivors identifies wing domain immunogen for vaccine design
Authors: Khurana Surender , Grubbs Gabrielle , Ravichandran Supriya , Cluff Emily , Kim JungHyun , Kuehne Ana I. , Zak Samantha , Dye John M. , Lutwama Julius J. , Herbert Andrew S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLimited knowledge exists on the quality of polyclonal antibody responses generated following Marburg virus (MARV) infection and its evolution in survivors. In this study, we evaluate MARV proteome-wide antibody repertoire longitudinally in convalescent phase approximately every six months for five years following MARV infection in ten human survivors. Differential kinetics were observed for IgM vs IgG vs IgA epitope diversity, antibody binding, antibody affinity maturation and Fc-receptor interaction to MARV proteins. Durability of MARV-neutralizing antibodies is low in survivors. MARV infection induces a diverse epitope repertoire with predominance against GP, VP40, VP30 and VP24 that persisted up to 5 years post-exposure. However, the IgM and IgA repertoire declines over time. Within MARV-GP, IgG recognize antigenic sites predominantly in the amino-terminus, wing domain and GP2-heptad repeat. Interestingly, MARV infection generates robust durable FcɣRI, FcɣRIIA and FcɣRIIIA IgG-Fc receptor interactions. Immunization with immunodominant MARV epitopes reveals conserved wing region between GP1 and GP2, induces neutralizing antibodies against MARV. These findings demonstrate that MARV infection generates a diverse, long-lasting, non-neutralizing, IgG antibody repertoire that perturbs disease by FcɣR activity. This information, along with discovery of neutralizing immunogen in wing domain, could aid in development of effective therapeutics and vaccines against Marburg virus.
Establishing coherent momentum-space electronic states in locally ordered materials
Authors: Ciocys Samuel T. , Marsal Quentin , Corbae Paul , Varjas Daniel , Kennedy Ellis , Scott Mary , Hellman Frances , Grushin Adolfo G. , Lanzara Alessandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRich momentum-dependent electronic structure naturally arises in solids with long-range crystalline symmetry. Reliable and scalable quantum technologies rely on materials that are either not perfect crystals or non-crystalline, breaking translational symmetry. This poses the fundamental questions of whether coherent momentum-dependent electronic states can arise without long-range order, and how they can be characterized. Here we investigate Bi2Se3, which exists in crystalline, nanocrystalline, and amorphous forms, allowing direct comparisons between varying degrees of spatial ordering. Through angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we show for the first time momentum-dependent band structure with Fermi surface repetitions in an amorphous solid. The experimental data is complemented by a model that accurately reproduces the vertical, dispersive features as well as the replication at higher momenta in the amorphous form. These results reveal that well-defined real-space length scales are sufficient to produce dispersive band structures, and that photoemission can expose the imprint of these length scales on the electronic structure.