bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Closely Related Antioxidant Nutraceuticals Using the Green Analytical Methodology of ANN and Smart Spectrophotometric Methods
Authors: Korany Mohamed A , Gazy Azza A , Khamis Essam F , Ragab Marwa A A , Kamal Miranda F 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Two new, simple, and specific green analytical methods are proposed: zero-crossing first-derivative and chemometric-based spectrophotometric artificial neural network (ANN). The proposed methods were used for the simultaneous estimation of two closely related antioxidant nutraceuticals, coenzyme Q10 (Q10) and vitamin E, in their mixtures and pharmaceutical preparations. The first method is based on the handling of spectrophotometric data with the first-derivative technique, in which both nutraceuticals were determined in ethanol, each at the zero crossing of the other. The amplitudes of the first-derivative spectra for Q10 and vitamin E were recorded at 285 and 235 nm respectively, and correlated with their concentrations. The linearity ranges of Q10 and vitamin E were 10–60 and 5.6–70 μg⋅mL−1, respectively. The second method, ANN, is a multivariate calibration method and it was developed and applied for the simultaneous determination of both analytes. A training set of 90 different synthetic mixtures containing Q10 and vitamin E in the ranges of 0–100 and 0–556 μg⋅mL−1, respectively, was prepared in ethanol. The absorption spectra of the training set were recorded in the spectral region of 230–300 nm. By relating the concentration sets (x-block) with their corresponding absorption data (y-block), gradient-descent back-propagation ANN calibration could be computed. To validate the proposed network, a set of 45 synthetic mixtures of the two drugs was used. Both proposed methods were successfully applied for the assay of Q10 and vitamin E in their laboratory-prepared mixtures and in their pharmaceutical tablets with excellent recovery. These methods offer advantages over other methods because of low-cost equipment, time-saving measures, and environmentally friendly materials. In addition, no chemical separation prior to analysis was needed. The ANN method was superior to the derivative technique because ANN can determine both drugs under nonlinear experimental conditions. Consequently, ANN would be the method of choice in the routine analysis of Q10 and vitamin E tablets. No interference from common pharmaceutical additives was observed. Student's t-test and the F-test were used to compare the two methods. No significant difference was recorded.
Thermal expansion of SiC at high pressure‐temperature and implications for thermal convection in the deep interiors of carbide exoplanets
Authors: Nisr C. , Meng Y. , MacDowell A. A. , Yan J. , Prakapenka V. , Shim S.‐H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent astrophysical observations have shown that some stars have sufficiently high carbon‐to‐oxygen ratios and may host planets composed mainly of carbides instead of silicates and oxides. From the low thermal expansion of SiC at 1 bar, it can be inferred that the buoyancy force of thermal anomalies is much lower in the carbide planets than in the silicate planets. However, numerous studies have shown that high pressure in planetary interiors can fundamentally change the physical properties of materials. We have measured the pressure‐volume‐temperature relations of two SiC polymorphs (3C and 6H) at pressures and temperatures up to 80 GPa and 1900 K and 65 GPa and 1920 K, respectively, in the laser‐heated diamond anvil cell combined with synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. We found no evidence of dissociations of these phases up to our maximum pressure condition, supporting the stability of SiC to 1900 km depth in Earth‐size Si‐rich carbide planets. Following the Mie‐Grüneisen approach, we fit our data to the Birch‐Murnaghan or the Vinet equations of state combined with the Debye approach. We found that the pressure‐induced change in the thermal expansion parameter of SiC is much smaller than that of Mg silicate perovskite (bridgmanite). Our new measurements suggest that the thermal buoyancy force may be stronger in the deep interiors of Si‐rich carbide exoplanets than in the “Earth‐like” silicate planets.
C−O Activation by a Rhodium Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Catalyst: Aryl Carbamates as Arylating Reagents in Directed C−H Arylation
Authors: Tobisu Mamoru , Yasui Kosuke , Aihara Yoshinori , Chatani Naoto 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite recent progress in the catalytic transformation of inert phenol derivatives as alternatives to aryl halides and triflates, attempts at the cross‐coupling of inert phenol derivatives with the C−H bonds of arenes have met with limited success. Herein, we report the rhodium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl carbamates with arenes bearing a convertible directing group. The key to success is the use of an in situ generated rhodium bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) species as the catalyst, which can promote activation of the inert C(sp2)−O bond in aryl carbamates.
Selective Cascade Reaction of Bisallenes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Carbocyclization–Borylation and Aldehyde Trapping
Authors: Naidu Veluru Ramesh , Posevins Daniels , Volla Chandra M. R. , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA cascade reaction, consisting of a palladium‐catalyzed regioselective aerobic oxidative carbocyclization–borylation of bisallenes and a final aldehyde trapping, afforded triene alcohols with high diastereoselectivity. The cascade reaction occurs under mild reaction conditions and proceeds via an allylboron intermediate that is trapped by the aldehyde in a stereoselective manner.
Multidimensional characterization of piezoresistive carbon black silicone rubber composites
Authors: D'Asaro Matthew E. , Otten Michael S. , Chen Stephanie , Lang Jeffrey H. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFlexible and stretchable electronic skins capable of replicating the human sense of touch are a subject of active research. One of the most popular materials for force sensors in skins is carbon black (CB)/polydimethylsiloxane composite. To aid in skin design, a characterization of this composite is presented here. The sensitivity of composite resistance to uniaxial tension, compression, and shear for each CB concentration is measured and found to be similar for tension and compression, but smaller for shear, with resistance monotonically increasing with strain. In addition, under tension and compression the resistance of the material is measured both in line with and perpendicular to the axis of applied strain, and the response is found to be approximately equal in both cases. The electrical and mechanical relaxation time of the material is also measured and modeled for tension, compression, and shear. The mechanical relaxation time is found to be shorter than the electrical, with both increasing with CB concentration. However, the shortest mechanical relaxation time, 200 s, precludes a sensor with human‐like response times without an active modeling and compensation system. Finally, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are measured and reported for each CB concentration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44773.
Membership Function Dependent Observer‐Based Controller Design for A T‐S Fuzzy System
Authors: Xie Wen‐Bo , Wang Yu‐Long , Zhang Jian , Huang Ling 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe problems of observer‐based feedback control and stability analysis for a T‐S fuzzy system are investigated in this paper. Based on system output variable, a membership function dependent observer and a controller subject to observer errors are constructed to estimate the unknown system state and establish the closed‐loop feedback control system. The derived stability criteria, which is not numerically solvable, is converted to a solvable optimization problem. An improved membership function dependent approach is proposed to reduce the conservativeness. The approximated values of membership functions and their derivatives are calculated based on the proposed piecewise‐function method. Then, a piecewise decaying rate setting technique is presented to adjust the error convergent speed. A three‐rule fuzzy system stability analysis example is given to show the conservativeness reduction effects, while an inverted pendulum cart control process is used to show the effectiveness of the proposed observer‐based control scheme.
Acetylene Contamination Mechanisms in the Cathode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhai Yunfeng , St‐Pierre Jean 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe catalytic reactions of acetylene in contact with air, the electrochemical reactions of acetylene under different potentials, and the contamination reactions of acetylene in an operated proton exchange membrane fuel cell were investigated by using gas chromatography (GC), chronoamperometry, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The GC results indicate that carbon dioxide is the catalytic reaction product of acetylene in the cathode and an electro‐oxidation product at high potentials, and it can desorb easily. Ethylene, ethane, and methane are the electrochemical reduction products of acetylene at low cathode potentials, and they can desorb easily. The CV analysis suggests the electroreduction intermediates are vinylidene and ethylidyne at low potentials and electro‐oxidation intermediates CO (or COH‐type species) at high potentials. In an operating fuel cell, acetylene reactions in the cathode include not only catalytic reactions, but also electrochemical redox reactions. According to these catalytic and electrochemical reactions, acetylene contamination mechanisms and possible effective contamination mitigation strategies are proposed.
Low and High Molecular Mass Dithienopyrrole–Naphthalene Bisimide Donor–Acceptor Compounds: Synthesis, Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Behaviour
Authors: Rybakiewicz Renata , Glowacki Eric D. , Skorka Lukasz , Pluczyk Sandra , Zassowski Pawel , Apaydin Dogukan Hazar , Lapkowski Mieczyslaw , Zagorska Malgorzata , Pron Adam 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTwo low molecular weight electroactive donor–acceptor–donor (DAD)‐type molecules are reported, namely naphthalene bisimide (NBI) symmetrically core‐functionalized with dithienopyrrole (NBI‐(DTP)2) and an asymmetric core‐functionalized naphthalene bisimide with dithienopyrrole (DTP) substituent on one side and 2‐ethylhexylamine on the other side (NBI‐DTP‐NHEtHex). Both compounds are characterized by low optical bandgaps (1.52 and 1.65 eV, respectively). NBI‐(DTP)2 undergoes oxidative electropolymerization giving the electroactive polymer of ambipolar character. Its two‐step reversible reduction and oxidation is corroborated by complementary EPR and UV/Vis–NIR spectroelectrochemical investigations. The polymer turned out to be electrochemically active not only in aprotic solvents but also in aqueous electrolytes, showing a distinct photocathodic current attributed to proton reduction. Additionally, poly(NBI‐(DTP)2) was successfully tested as a photodiode material.
Continuous Flow Synthesis of Anisotropic Cadmium Selenide and Zinc Selenide Nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Fustér Héctor A. , Oh Nuri , Zhai You , Deshpande Kishori , Shim Moonsub , Kenis Paul J. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAnisotropic semiconductor nanoparticles find use in various applications ranging from electronics to photocatalysis and biolabeling. Batch synthesis methods typically used for their synthesis are often hampered by slow mixing, slow heating/cooling, and lack of batch‐to‐batch reproducibility, especially when scaling up. The modular continuous flow reactor reported here overcomes some of these challenges. It enables air‐sensitive syntheses at temperatures as high as 750 °C, supports rapid heating and cooling times (≈1 s or less), and enables syntheses that involve reagents that are viscous or even solid at room temperature. For validation we pursued two systems: the synthesis of (i) CdSe nanorods and bipods, and of (ii) ZnSe nanorods. Nanoparticles with low variance in quantum confined dimension (width) −16 % for CdSe and 11 % for ZnSe were obtained. For comparison, the same products were also synthesized using two batch approaches, hot‐injection and heat‐up, under similar conditions. The batch products were less uniform: 30 % variance in quantum confined dimension. Furthermore, the lack of precise temperature control in the batch processes resulted in CdSe nanorods with irregular‐shaped, jagged branches whereas the continuous process produced CdSe nanorods with uniform, straight branches. The modular continuous flow reactor design is suited for scale up, allowing working flow rates as high as ≈10 mL min−1, which translates into a production rate of ≈158 g day−1 for CdSe.
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Lesinurad, a New Selective Urate Reabsorption Inhibitor, and CYP Enzyme Substrates Sildenafil, Amlodipine, Tolbutamide, and Repaglinide
Authors: Gillen Michael , Yang Chun , Wilson David , Valdez Shakti , Lee Caroline , Kerr Bradley , Shen Zancong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLesinurad is a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor approved for the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with gout in combination with xanthine oxidase inhibitors. In vitro assays indicate that lesinurad is an inducer of CYPs in the order CYP3A > CYP2C8 > CYP2C9 > CYP2C19 > CYP2B6 and an inhibitor of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. To investigate the drug interaction potential of lesinurad, clinical drug interaction studies were conducted. Open‐label studies in volunteers investigated the effects of single‐/multiple‐dose lesinurad on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil and amlodipine (CYP3A4 induction), tolbutamide (CYP2C9 inhibition/induction), and repaglinide (CYP2C8 inhibition/induction). There was no apparent induction of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 following repeated lesinurad administration, although no inhibition of CYP2C9 and modest inhibition of CYP2C8 were observed following single‐dose lesinurad. Consistent with in vitro observations, lesinurad (200 mg once daily) was an inducer of CYP3A based on the effects on sildenafil exposure. Sildenafil exposure decreased by approximately 34% for Cmax and AUC when administered with multiple‐dose lesinurad 200 mg and allopurinol 300 mg, relative to sildenafil alone. During lesinurad therapy, the possibility of reduced efficacy of concomitant drugs that are CYP3A substrates should be considered and their efficacy monitored because of induction of CYP3A by lesinurad.
A fully electronically controllable Schmitt trigger and duty cycle‐modulated waveform generator
Authors: Kumar Atul , Chaturvedi Bhartendu , Maheshwari Sudhanshu 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe paper introduces a new Schmitt trigger consisting of only one multiple‐output current inverting differential input transconductance amplifier with no passive element. The proposed circuit is simple and usable up to 100 MHz with the advantage of electronically controlled threshold levels and amplitude of the output. The circuit is also little sensitive to temperature and benefits from low power dissipation (0.5 mW). The amplitude of the output current is tunable electronically from 5 nA to 500 μA, which is a wide tunable range. The effects of transistors mismatch on proposed Schmitt trigger have also been explored. The utility of the proposed circuit is further justified through its application as a triangular/square wave generator, with a maximum frequency of 75 MHz. Duty cycle modulation through electronic means is also shown for the generator circuit, where duty cycle results for 80, 20, and 95% have been included, by varying external control current. The cadence VIRTUOSO simulation results by using generic process design kit 90‐nm technology are shown to confirm the proposed theory. The proposed circuits are also verified through experimental results by using commercial integrated circuits: AD844 and LM13700. All the simulated and experimental results promise potential applications of the proposed circuits in instrumentation and communication systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single innervated segmented vastus lateralis for midfacial reanimation during radical parotidectomy
Authors: Chong Lauren S. H. , Eviston Timothy J. , Ashford Bruce , Ebrahami Ardalan , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundInnervated free muscle transfer using the gracilis muscle or temporalis myoplasty has been successfully utilized for facial reanimation in chronic facial palsy. These techniques are less suited to immediate facial reconstruction in the setting of radical parotidectomy, in which the complexity of the defect, patient age, postoperative radiotherapy, and limited life expectancy pose particular challenges.MethodsWe present a novel description of the use of a chimeric anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap and innervated vastus lateralis to achieve midface static suspension and dynamic reanimation in the setting of radical parotidectomy.ResultsThe technique is described in detail along with a video demonstrating the early and medium‐term results in an example case.ConclusionAlthough outcomes using the vastus lateralis free flap for midface reanimation need to be objectively determined, the flap adds the potential of dynamic midface movement in patients undergoing radical parotidectomy who would otherwise not be afforded this opportunity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 602–604, 2017
Uterine Rupture Complicating Mid‐Trimester Abortion in a Young Woman of Low Parity
Authors: Hayashi Robert H. , Rothwell Richard O. , Weinberg Paul C. 
Published: January 2017

Hayashi, R. H., Rothwell, R. O. & Weinberg, P. C. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78284, USA). Uterine rupture complicating mid‐trimester abortion in a young woman of low parity.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 229–232, 1975.This is a case report of uterine fundal rupture in a young woman of low parity undergoing attemped hyperosmolar urea termination of pregnancy with high concentration oxytocin augmentation. The possible causes and cautions relating to this event are discussed.
Twins, Immuno‐Incompatibility and Pre‐Eclampsia
Authors: Starkie C. M. , Crawford J. Selwyn 
Published: January 2017

Starkie, C. M. and Crawford, J. Selwyn (Birmingham Maternity Hospital, Birmingham). Twins, immuno‐incompatibility and pre‐eclampsia.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 559–560, 1976.A survey of 417 twin pregnancies is reported. Examination of the data revealed no difference in the incidence of pre‐eclampsia referable to the zygosity of the twins. The findings thus lends no support to the hypothesis that immuno‐incompatibility contributes to the aetiology of pre‐eclampsia.
Progesterone Metabolism in Cultured Amniotic Fluid Cells
Authors: Beling Carl G. , Cederqvist Lars L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAmniotic fluid cells obtained by amniocentesis at 16–20 weeks' gestation were grown in culture until a confluent monolayer of cell had been formed. Radiolabeled pregnenolone, progesterone and 20α‐dihydroprogesterone were added to the cell cultures; steroid metabolites which formed after 24 and 48 hours of incubation were identified. Incubation of the cell cultures with pregnenolone‐3H resulted in the formation of progesterone, 17α‐progesterone and 20α‐dihydroprogesterone. A significant amount of progesterone was identified after incubating the cell cultures with 20α‐dihydroprogesterone. The results indicate that 3β‐ol‐dehydrogenase, 17α‐hydroxylase and 20α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes are present in cultured amniotic fluid cells obtained at 16–20 weeks' gestation.
Experience with Minilaparotomy in the Philippines
Authors: Apelo Ruben , Ramos Rebecca , Pachauri Saroj , McCann Margaret F. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the socio‐demographic characteristics, medical histories, and clinical data on 651 women sterilized by interval minilaparotomy procedures in Manila, Philippines. About two thirds of the procedures were performed with local anesthesia; the Pomeroy technique was used for tubal ligation. In 2.8% of the patients, salpingectomy or fimbriectomy was performed on one side because of surgical difficulties and complications. Surgical difficulties were encountered in 19.8% of the procedures; adhesions (4.3%) and bowel interference (4.0%) were the most frequent causes of surgical difficulty. Complications occurred during surgery in 1.7% of the procedures. Early postoperative complications were noted in 9.1% of the cases. None of the patients required readmission to the hospital. While 612 women were followed up at 6 months, 299 were followed up at 12 months. One woman (0.2%) became pregnant after sterilization; at repeat minilaparotomy, ligation of the left round ligament rather than the tube was observed. Pelvic surgery, other than pregnancy‐related surgery, during the year following sterilization was reported for one patient who underwent exploratory laparotomy with appendectomy and oophorocystectomy. Menstrual pattern changes were minimal. The results of this study suggest that tubal ligation via minilaparotomy is practical, safe, and effective.
Some Demographic Aspects of Pregnancy Histories of Sterilized Women in the Mission Hospitals of Karnataka
Authors: Ramesh A. S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study deals with the pregnancy histories of 534 women who were sterilized in the Mission Hospitals in Karnataka State (India) during 1974 and 1975. Fertility differentials prevailing in various sociocultural groups are indicated. The study highlights the prevalence of adolescent sterility and also emphasizes the need for spacing pregnancies to avoid fetal wastage. The differentials in the sex ratio at each birth order are described. The need for further investigation in this field of demography is emphasized.
The Present and Future of Immunologic Approaches to Contraception
Authors: Talwar G. P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA vaccine capable of causing active immunity against one or more key elements of conception would have several advantages over currently available methods of fertility regulation. It would be amenable to mass use, would require only periodic follow‐up, and would not require continuous user motivation. Although natural infertility attributable to immunologic factors has been amply documented, the natural mechanism has been only partially delineated. Consequently, researchers trying to develop a workable vaccine are taking various approaches. This report includes a discussion of autoimmune aspermatogenesis, anti‐zona pellucida, anti‐nonhormonal placenta‐specific protein vaccines, and immunization against female and/or early embryonic antigens, including current approaches to the development of an anti‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) vaccine. The potential advantages and disadvantages of the various immunologic methods are discussed, and the author concludes that although the problems associated with present methods of immunologic contraception are substantial they can be resolved.
Plasma Estradiol as a Predictor of Preterm Labor
Authors: TambyRaja R. L. , Lun K. C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTStudies have shown a rapid rise of plasma estradiol‐17β in the maternal circulation before the occurrence of preterm labor. We have attempted to perform a linear regression analysis of the data from normal pregnancies and to set up a 95% upper prediction limit for the normal range of the estradiol level for each week of gestation. The prediction limits were reasonably good, with only five (13%) false negatives. False negatives tend to occur only in late pregnancy.
Atypical Cervical Cytology and Colposcopic Directed Biopsy
Authors: Younglove R. Hal , Newman Robert L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA cervical cytologic diagnosis of inflammatory atypia was made in 319 patients during a 42‐month period. Two hundred twenty‐five of those patients underwent colposcopy, and biopsy was performed in 155 patients. Mild to severe dysplasia was diagnosed in 115 patients, for a 36% prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.