bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent Class Analysis for Developmental Research
Authors: Lanza Stephanie T. , Cooper Brittany R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this article, we consider the broad applicability of latent class analysis (LCA) and related approaches to advance research on child development. First, we describe the role of person‐centered methods such as LCA in developmental research, and review prior applications of LCA to the study of development and related areas of research. Then we present practical considerations when applying LCA in developmental research, including model selection and statistical power. Finally, we introduce several recent methodological innovations in LCA, including causal inference in LCA, predicting a distal outcome from LC membership, and LC moderation (in which LCA quantifies multidimensional moderators of effects in observational and experimental studies), and we discuss their potential to advance developmental science. We conclude with suggestions for ongoing developmental research using LCA.
Depression or anxiety in adult twins is associated with asthma diagnosis but not with offspring asthma
Authors: Tedner S. G. , Lundholm C. , Olsson H. , Almqvist C. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundAsthma is common in both children and adults in the Western world, just like anxiety and depression. While some research has revealed that these diseases might share important environmental and pathophysiological aspects, the exact mechanisms still remain unclear.ObjectiveTo study the correlation firstly between depression or anxiety and asthma diagnosis in adult twins and secondly the association between parental depression or anxiety and offspring asthma in children of twins.MethodsIn total, 24 685 adult twins aged 20–47 years were interviewed or completed a Web‐based questionnaire and their children were identified through the Multi‐Generation Register. Asthma diagnosis was obtained from the Patient Register and the Prescribed Drug Register. Assessment of depression and anxiety was obtained from questionnaires using Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), major depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from DSM‐IV. The association between depression or anxiety and asthma was analyzed with logistic regression adjusting for confounders in twins and offspring. To address genetic and familial environmental confounding, we performed a cotwin analysis using disease‐discordant twin pairs.ResultsWe found an association between asthma and CES‐D, major depression and GAD, for example adjusted OR for major depression and register‐based asthma 1.56 (1.36–1.79). Most of the point estimates remained in the co‐twin control analysis, indicating that the association was likely not due to genetic or familial environmental factors. There was no association between parental depression and/or anxiety and asthma diagnosis in the offspring which implies lack of genetic confounding.ConclusionsWe found an association between own asthma diagnosis and anxiety or depression, but not with offspring asthma. Our results indicate that the associations were not due to confounding from genes or environment shared by the twins.
Challenges in interdisciplinary weight management in primary care: lessons learned from the 5As Team study
Authors: Asselin J. , Osunlana A. M. , Ogunleye A. A. , Sharma A. M. , Campbell‐Scherer D. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIncreasingly, research is directed at advancing methods to address obesity management in primary care. In this paper we describe the role of interdisciplinary collaboration, or lack thereof, in patient weight management within 12 teams in a large primary care network in Alberta, Canada. Qualitative data for the present analysis were derived from the 5As Team (5AsT) trial, a mixed‐method randomized control trial of a 6‐month participatory, team‐based educational intervention aimed at improving the quality and quantity of obesity management encounters in primary care practice. Participants (n = 29) included in this analysis are healthcare providers supporting chronic disease management in 12 family practice clinics randomized to the intervention arm of the 5AsT trial including mental healthcare workers (n = 7), registered dietitians (n = 7), registered nurses or nurse practitioners (n = 15). Participants were part of a 6‐month intervention consisting of 12 biweekly learning sessions aimed at increasing provider knowledge and confidence in addressing patient weight management. Qualitative methods included interviews, structured field notes and logs. Four common themes of importance in the ability of healthcare providers to address weight with patients within an interdisciplinary care team emerged, (i) Availability; (ii) Referrals; (iii) Role perception and (iv) Messaging. However, we find that what was key to our participants was not that these issues be uniformly agreed upon by all team members, but rather that communication and clinic relationships support their continued negotiation. Our study shows that firm clinic relationships and deliberate communication strategies are the foundation of interdisciplinary care in weight management. Furthermore, there is a clear need for shared messaging concerning obesity and its treatment between members of interdisciplinary teams.
Prediction of neuromotor outcome in infants born preterm at 11 years of age using volumetric neonatal magnetic resonance imaging and neurological examinations
Authors: Setänen Sirkku , Lehtonen Liisa , Parkkola Riitta , Aho Karoliina , Haataja Leena ,   the PIPARI Study Group
Published: January 2016

AimTo study the prognostic value of volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term equivalent age (TEA) and neurological examinations at TEA and at 2 years of corrected age for long‐term neuromotor outcome in infants born very preterm.MethodA total of 98 infants born very preterm were included. Structural and volumetric brain MRI and the Dubowitz neurologic examination were done at TEA. The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) was performed at 2 years of corrected age. The Touwen examination was used for the assessment of minor neurological dysfunction (MND) at the age of 11 years.ResultsOf all children (median birthweight 1083g [quartiles 820, 1300]; gestational age 28 5/7wks [26 4/7, 30 2/7]), 41 had simple MND, 11 had complex MND (cMND), and eight had cerebral palsy (CP). The negative and positive predictive value of structural brain MRI for cMND or CP was 88% and 50% respectively. Reduced volumes of total brain tissue, frontal lobes, basal ganglia and thalami, and cerebellum associated with cMND or CP. The results of the Dubowitz neurologic examination and the HINE correlated with the Touwen examination.InterpretationStructural and volumetric MRI at TEA and structured neurological examinations predict long‐term neuromotor outcome in infants born preterm.
First finding of larviposition in Calliphora loewi from an island relict forest
Authors: Prado e Castro Catarina , Szpila Krzysztof , Rego Carla , Boieiro Mário , Serrano Artur R. M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLarviposition is widespread in blowflies, but among Calliphora species this behavior has seldom been described. The evidence of larviposition in C. loewi is here reported for the first time and discussed in relation with other blowfly species exhibiting the same behavior. The blowfly C. loewi is considered oviparous but surprisingly, female specimens from Madeira Island (Portugal) were found to carry few large larvae (one to three larvae up to 5.1 mm in size) in the ovipositor and abdomen. The finding of larviposition behavior in C. loewi from Madeira Island is at present enigmatic and further studies are needed to clarify the reproductive biology of this species.
Heart rate variability in untreated newly diagnosed temporal lobe epilepsy: Evidence for ictal sympathetic dysregulation
Authors: Romigi Andrea , Albanese Maria , Placidi Fabio , Izzi Francesca , Mercuri Nicola B. , Marchi Angela , Liguori Claudio , Campagna Nicoletta , Duggento Andrea , Canichella Antonio , Ricciardo Rizzo Giada , Guerrisi Maria , Marciani Maria G. , Toschi Nicola 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo compare heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in newly diagnosed and untreated temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) between the interictal, preictal, ictal, and postictal states.MethodsHRV parameters were extracted from single‐lead electrocardiography data collected during video–electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from 14 patients with newly diagnosed TLE in a resting, awake, and supine state. HRV parameters in the time and frequency domains included low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), standard deviation of all consecutive R wave intervals (SDNN), and square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent R wave intervals (RMSSD). Cardiovagal index (CVI), cardiosympathetic index (CSI), and approximate entropy (ApEn) were also studied.ResultsFrequency domain analysis showed significantly higher preictal, ictal, and postictal LF/HF ratio compared to the interictal state. Similarly, the LF component increased progressively and was significantly higher during the ictal state compared to interictal and preictal states. RR interval values were lower in the ictal state compared to basal and preictal states and in the postictal state compared to the preictal state. Interictal RMSSD was significantly higher compared to all other states, and ictal SDNN was significantly higher compared to all other states. Ictal CSI was significantly higher compared to preictal and interictal states, whereas preictal CVI was lower than in basal and ictal states. In addition, ictal ApEn was significantly lower than interictal and preictal ApEn. Interictal CVI was lower in left TLE compared to right TLE. In addition, in left TLE, ictal CVI was higher than interictal CVI, whereas in right TLE, CVI was lower in the preictal state compared to all other states.SignificanceOur data suggest an ictal sympathetic overdrive with partial recovery in the postictal state. Higher sympathetic tone and vagal tone imbalance may induce early autonomic dysfunction and increase cardiovascular risk in patients affected by TLE.
Effects of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors on depressive‐ and impulsive‐like behaviors and on monoamine transmission in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Kumar Udaya , Medel‐Matus Jesus‐Servando , Redwine Hannah M. , Shin Don , Hensler Julie G. , Sankar Raman , Mazarati Andrey 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectiveExamine therapeutic potential of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NERI) in an animal model of comorbidity between epilepsy, depression‐like, and impulsive‐like impairments.MethodsEpilepsy was induced in male Wistar rats by LiCl and pilocarpine. An SSRI fluoxetine (FLX), and an NERI reboxetine (RBX) were administered either alone or as a combination over 1 week. Depressive‐like and impulsive‐like behaviors were examined using the forced swim test. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry was used to analyze serotonergic transmission in the raphe nucleus (RN)–prefrontal cortex (PFC) pathway, and noradrenergic transmission in locus coeruleus (LC)‐PFC, and LC‐RN projections. Monoamine levels in PFC were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Functional capacities of 5‐HT1A receptors and α2A adrenoreceptors in PFC were analyzed by autoradiography.ResultsEpileptic rats showed behavioral signs of depression and hyperimpulsivity, suppressed serotonergic and noradrenergic tones, decreased levels of serotonin (5‐HT), and norepinephrine (NE); 5‐HT1A receptor and α2A adrenoreceptors functions remained intact. FLX failed to improve behavioral deficits, but effectively raised 5‐HT level and marginally improved RN‐PFC serotonergic transmission. RBX reversed impulsive‐like behavior, normalized content of NE and noradrenergic tone in LC‐PFC and LC‐RN. FLX‐RBX combination fully reversed depressive‐like behavior, and normalized RN‐PFC serotonergic transmission. None of the treatment modified the function of 5‐HT and NE receptors.SignificanceDepressive‐ and impulsive‐like behaviors in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy stem respectively from dysfunctions of serotonergic and noradrenergic ascending pathways. At the same time, epilepsy‐associated depression is SSRI resistant. The finding that an SSRI‐NERI combination exerts antidepressant effect, along with RBX‐induced improvement of LC‐RN noradrenergic transmission point toward the involvement of LC‐RN noradrenergic input in enabling therapeutic potential of FLX. Medications that improve serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission, such as serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors may be effective in treating epilepsy‐associated SSRI‐resistant depression, as well as concurrent depression and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Swift thermal reaction norm evolution in a key marine phytoplankton species
Authors: Listmann Luisa , LeRoch Maxime , Schlüter Lothar , Thomas Mridul K. , Reusch Thorsten B. H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTemperature has a profound effect on the species composition and physiology of marine phytoplankton, a polyphyletic group of microbes responsible for half of global primary production. Here, we ask whether and how thermal reaction norms in a key calcifying species, the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, change as a result of 2.5 years of experimental evolution to a temperature ≈2°C below its upper thermal limit. Replicate experimental populations derived from a single genotype isolated from Norwegian coastal waters were grown at two temperatures for 2.5 years before assessing thermal responses at 6 temperatures ranging from 15 to 26°C, with pCO2 (400/1100/2200 μatm) as a fully factorial additional factor. The two selection temperatures (15°/26.3°C) led to a marked divergence of thermal reaction norms. Optimal growth temperatures were 0.7°C higher in experimental populations selected at 26.3°C than those selected at 15.0°C. An additional negative effect of high pCO2 on maximal growth rate (8% decrease relative to lowest level) was observed. Finally, the maximum persistence temperature (Tmax) differed by 1–3°C between experimental treatments, as a result of an interaction between pCO2 and the temperature selection. Taken together, we demonstrate that several attributes of thermal reaction norms in phytoplankton may change faster than the predicted progression of ocean warming.
Young adults’ consideration of their food choices a propos consequences for their future health
Authors: Fisher Hennie , Erasmus Alet C. , Viljoen Annemarie T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMany researchers have devoted much time and effort to explain the undesirable health outcomes associated with an excessive intake of certain types of fast foods. Particularly vulnerable, are young adults who move out of their parents' homes to live on their own, and then begin to rely on the multitude of so‐called “food away from home” options which are convenient, available and even desirable in their social circles. This study investigated young adults' consideration of the consequences of their consumption of food eaten away from home due to concern about unacceptable habitual behaviour that might negatively affect their future households. The survey involved 395 young adults up to 25 years of age who completed a structured questionnaire which relied on an established Consideration of Future Consequences scale. Data analysis involved exploratory factor analysis, t‐tests and Anova. Findings revealed some concern about the immediate consequences of respondents' fast food consumption, but concern about the future consequences seemed rather distant in their minds. Although significant differences were confirmed within gender and among population groups with regard to immediate concern about their fast food consumption, the means were nevertheless low throughout indicating that much needs to be done to sensitize young people about every day food consumption that might have dire consequences for their future health.
Monetary emissions trading mechanisms
Authors: Monnet Cyril , Temzelides Ted 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTrade in permits has been proposed, and in some cases implemented, as a tool to reduce pollution. We use a dynamic framework from monetary theory to model permits. We derive properties of optimal permits trading mechanisms under private information concerning the firms’ tendency to pollute. When the firms’ capital vintage is fixed, both emissions taxes and trade in permits can support the first‐best. Both policies, however, can fail to achieve efficiency if firms endogenously choose their composition of capital stock across clean and dirty vintages. If permit requirements and taxes depend on the firms’ vintage composition, in addition to ex post emissions, both policies can support efficiency. In both setups, the banking of notes is not necessary and may even break this equivalence in favor of taxes.
Unit vector games
Authors: Savani Rahul , von Stengel Bernhard 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMcLennan and Tourky showed that “imitation games” provide a new view of the computation of Nash equilibria of bimatrix games with the Lemke–Howson algorithm. In an imitation game, the payoff matrix of one of the players is the identity matrix. We study the more general “unit vector games,” which are already known, where the payoff matrix of one player is composed of unit vectors. Our main application is a simplification of the construction by Savani and von Stengel of bimatrix games where two basic equilibrium‐finding algorithms take exponentially many steps: the Lemke–Howson algorithm, and support enumeration.
The market for liars: Reputation and auditor honesty
Authors: McLennan Andrew , Park In‐Uck 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe model the coexistence of two types of financial auditors who have identical technology but different reputation: “reputable” auditors refuse bribes offered by clients for fear of losing reputation, while “disreputable” auditors accept bribes because even persistent refusal will not create an improved reputation. Such an equilibrium may fail to exist because competition among reputable auditors drives fees below the level at which refusing bribes is optimal. Sustaining such an equilibrium requires both that entry into the reputable segment is impossible or unprofitable, and also that the reputable segment is prevented from expanding past the point where the equilibrium collapses.
Positive beliefs and privacy concerns shape the future for the Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record
Authors: Lehnbom E. C. , Douglas H. E. , Makeham M. A. B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe uptake of the Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record (PCEHR) has been slowly building momentum in Australia. The purpose of the PCEHR is to collect clinically important information from multiple healthcare providers to provide a secure electronic record to patients and their authorised healthcare providers that will ultimately enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery. Reasons for the slow uptake of the PCEHR and future directions to improve its usefulness is discussed later.
Placental involvement by non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in a Crohn disease patient on long‐term thiopurine therapy
Authors: Chen G. , Crispin P. , Cherian M. , Dahlstrom J. E. , Sethna F. F. , Kaye G. , Pavli P. , Subramaniam K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe report the first published case of aggressive diffuse large B‐cell (non‐Hodgkin) lymphoma in a 35‐year‐old pregnant woman who had Crohn disease and was taking long‐term thiopurine therapy: the patient developed placental insufficiency, and there was intrauterine fetal death.
Diamondback moth performance and preference for leaves of Brassica oleracea of different ages and strata
Authors: Moreira L. F. , Teixeira N. C. , Santos N. A. , Valim J. O. S. , Maurício R. M. , Guedes R. N. C. , Oliveira M. G. A. , Campos W. G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe preference–performance hypothesis predicts that moth behaviour links plant variations with caterpillar attack and distribution, and the plant‐age hypothesis states that specialist herbivores are more successful in exploring younger plant tissue. We integrated these predictions to investigate underlying mechanisms by which moths and caterpillars of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) track and exploit within‐plant variability of leaf age and stratification. We measured leaf proteins, glucosinolates and fibre, as well as larval choice, developmental performance, and moth oviposition preference with regard to leaf age classes (young, mature and senescent) of three varieties (collard, cauliflower and cabbage) of the main host plant Brassica oleracea L. Larvae consistently fit the prediction that specialist herbivores prefer and perform better on young, upper leaves that have the highest protein level, despite the highest content of defence compounds. Conversely, moths laid more eggs on fibrous and less nutritious leaves from the lower and senescent stratum. We argue that the leaf stratification of host plants imposes conflicting selective pressures concerning offspring feeding and protection on adult females. If egg mortality is catastrophic on the upper nutritious leaves in a particular microclimatic context (e.g. sun, heat, winds, drought or rain‐washing), then oviposition preference will remain for the suboptimal lower and senescent leaves. The ability of larvae to spread upwards over the plant to access the more nutritious leaf stratum is critical when eggs are preferentially laid on the protective low‐quality leaves.
Anguilla anguilla intestinal immune response to natural infection with Contracaecum rudolphii A larvae
Authors: Dezfuli B S , Manera M , Bosi G , DePasquale J A , D'Amelio S , Castaldelli G , Giari L 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe European eel, Anguilla anguilla, is a major warm‐water fish species cultured in North and South Europe. Seventy‐one A. anguilla collected between 2010 and 2015 from the Comacchio lagoons were examined. Fish were infected and damaged by larvae (L3) of the nematode Contracaecum rudolphii A, which were encapsulated within the thickness of the intestinal wall and within the external visceral peritoneum (serosa). Conspicuous granulomas, visible at sites of infection, were arranged in a trilayer, formed by a series of concentric whorls. The cells involved in the immune response and their distribution in the granuloma layers were assessed by immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and ultrastructural techniques. The outer part of the granuloma contained macrophages, macrophage aggregates, and mast cells (MCs) scattered among fibroblasts. This layer was vascularized, with degranulation of MCs occurring in close proximity to the capillaries. The middle layer was rich in MCs and fibroblasts. The inner layer, closest to the parasite larva, consisted mainly of dark epithelioid cells, some of which were necrotic. Non‐necrotic epithelioid cells formed desmosomes between themselves or with fibroblasts. Within the granulomas, numerous cells of different types were positive to proliferative cell nuclear antigen antibody, indicating a high degree of cellular proliferation around the larvae.