bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkalische Urin-pH-Werte unter Fastentherapie
Authors: Weidner Beate , Pötschke Tanja , Beer André-Michael 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungIn der Regel kommt es unter dem Heilfasten nach Buchinger zu einem Abfall des Urin-pH-Werts ab dem 2./3. Fastentag aufgrund der Ausleitung saurer Stoffwechselendprodukte. Die in Einzelfällen zu beobachtende fehlende Ansäuerung des Urins war Anlass für eine nähere Betrachtung des Fastenverlaufs einer Patientin mit alkalischen Urin-pH-Werten, die von der Fastentherapie gut profitierte. Aus den zur Verfügung stehenden klinischen Daten war eine Ursache nicht abzuleiten.
Retinoid X receptor suppresses a metastasis-promoting transcriptional program in myeloid cells via a ligand-insensitive mechanism
Authors: Kiss Mate , Czimmerer Zsolt , Nagy Gergely , Bieniasz-Krzywiec Pawel , Ehling Manuel , Pap Attila , Poliska Szilard , Boto Pal , Tzerpos Petros , Horvath Attila , Kolostyak Zsuzsanna , Daniel Bence , Szatmari Istvan , Mazzone Massimiliano , Nagy Laszlo 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Metastasis formation from malignant tumors is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. There is an increasing body of evidence indicating that immune cells in distant organs actively contribute to this process by establishing a tissue environment that is hospitable for cancer cells. In this study, we show that deletion of retinoid X receptor (RXR), a cellular sensor of vitamin A metabolites, specifically in the myeloid lineage of the immune system, leads to an enhanced metastasis rate. We also demonstrate that RXR inhibits the expression of a number of genes that encode proteins involved in the promotion of metastasis formation. Surprisingly, our results suggest that this activity of RXR is independent of the presence of its activators.
Benefits and risks of diversification for individual fishers
Authors: Anderson Sean C. , Ward Eric J. , Shelton Andrew O. , Adkison Milo D. , Beaudreau Anne H. , Brenner Richard E. , Haynie Alan C. , Shriver Jennifer C. , Watson Jordan T. , Williams Benjamin C. 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceIndividuals who rely on natural resources for their livelihoods, such as fishers, farmers, and forestry workers, face high levels of income variability. For fishers, catching multiple species has been shown to reduce revenue variability at large scales (vessels and communities), but the individual-level consequences of maintaining catch diversity are unknown. Our work demonstrates that individuals in fisheries targeting a diversity of species and individuals who participate in multiple fisheries buffer income variability compared with less diverse individuals. However, large adjustments in diversification strategies from year to year are risky and usually increase revenue variability. The most effective option to reduce revenue variability via diversification—purchasing additional permits—is also expensive, often limited by regulations, and therefore unavailable to many.
Cell cycle-targeting microRNAs promote differentiation by enforcing cell-cycle exit
Authors: Otto Tobias , Candido Sheyla V. , Pilarz Mary S. , Sicinska Ewa , Bronson Roderick T. , Bowden Michaela , Lachowicz Iga A. , Mulry Kristin , Fassl Anne , Han Richard C. , Jecrois Emmanuelle S. , Sicinski Piotr 
Published: September 2017

Significance
The interplay between microRNAs and the cell-cycle machinery in vivo remains poorly understood. Here we report that the microRNA family miR-34/449 plays an essential and rate-limiting role in repressing cell-cycle proteins and enforcing cell-cycle exit during epithelial cell differentiation. We demonstrate that genetic ablation of the entire miR-34/449 family leads to derepression of cell cycle-promoting proteins in differentiating epithelial cells, thereby preventing their timely cell-cycle exit. This, in turn, impairs epithelial ciliation and leads to profound developmental defects. Hence, this study describes a function of the miR-34/449 family in linking cell proliferation and differentiation.
Prolactin action in the medial preoptic area is necessary for postpartum maternal nursing behavior
Authors: Brown Rosemary S. E. , Aoki Mari , Ladyman Sharon R. , Phillipps Hollian R. , Wyatt Amanda , Boehm Ulrich , Grattan David R. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Prolactin-responsive neurons in the medial preoptic area project widely throughout the brain. After targeted deletion of prolactin receptors in the preoptic area of adult female mice, mice were able to get pregnant and give birth normally. However, mothers lacking prolactin receptors in the medial preoptic area abandoned their litters soon after birth, establishing a critical role for prolactin/placental lactogen action in this area for establishment and maintenance of normal parental care.
Interaction networks, ecological stability, and collective antibiotic tolerance in polymicrobial infections
Authors: de Vos Marjon G. J. , Zagorski Marcin , McNally Alan , Bollenbach Tobias 
Published: September 2017

Significance
In many infections, multiple microbial species are present simultaneously. Such polymicrobial infections can be viewed as small microbial ecosystems. Do bacteria in these communities interact with each other? If so, do these interactions affect the stability of the ecosystem, in particular, when antibiotics are present? We focus on urinary tract infections and demonstrate that there are ample ecological interactions between different bacterial species, both in the presence and absence of antibiotics. We further show that they crucially affect ecosystem stability and resilience to environmental perturbations such as antibiotics. Understanding the nature of these polymicrobial communities can point toward ways of disrupting infection ecosystems, which could potentially be used as a new strategy to eradicate infective communities.
[PSI+] prion propagation is controlled by inositol polyphosphates
Authors: Wickner Reed B. , Kelly Amy C. , Bezsonov Evgeny E. , Edskes Herman K. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
The [PSI+] prion of baker’s yeast is a filamentous polymer (amyloid) of the Sup35 protein, producing readthrough of translation termination and different degrees of growth slowing, depending on the prion variant. We show that certain inositol polyphosphates and pyrophosphates promote the propagation of the [PSI+] prion and that an inositol pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase has an antiprion effect. Inositol poly-/pyrophosphates are intracellular signaling molecules not previously connected with any amyloidosis.
Resequencing Epithelial Sodium Channel Genes Identifies Rare Variants Associated With Blood Pressure Salt-Sensitivity: The GenSalt Study
Authors: Gu Xiaoying , Gu Dongfeng , He Jiang , Rao Dabeeru C , Hixson James E , Chen Jichun , Li Jianxin , Huang Jianfeng , Wu Xigui , Rice Treva K , Shimmin Lawrence C , Kelly Tanika N 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A resequencing study of renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) genes was conducted to identify rare variants associated with blood pressure (BP) salt-sensitivity.

METHODS
The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt-Sensitivity (GenSalt) study was conducted among 1,906 participants who underwent a 7-day low-sodium followed by a 7-day high-sodium feeding-study. The 300 most salt-sensitive and 300 most salt-resistant GenSalt participants were selected for the resequencing study. Three ENaC genes (SCNN1A, SCNN1B, and SCNN1G) were resequenced using capillary-based sequencing methods. Traditional burden tests were utilized to examine association between rare variants and BP salt-sensitivity. Associations of low-frequency and common variants were tested using single-marker analyses.

RESULTS
Carriers of SCNN1A rare variants had a 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32–0.85] decreased odds of BP salt-sensitivity compared with noncarriers. Neither SCNN1B nor SCNN1G associated with salt-sensitivity of BP in rare variant analyses (P = 0.65 and 0.48, respectively). In single-marker analyses, 3 independent common variants in SCNN1A, rs11614164, rs4764586, and rs3741914, associated with salt-sensitivity after Bonferroni correction (P = 4.4 × 10–4, 1.1 × 10–8, and 1.3 × 10–3). Each copy of the minor allele of rs4764586 was associated with a 1.36-fold (95% CI: 1.23–1.52) increased odds of salt-sensitivity, whereas each copy of the minor allele of rs11614164 and rs3741914 was associated with 0.68-fold (95% CI: 0.55–0.84) and 0.69-fold (95% CI: 0.54–0.86) decreased odds of salt-sensitivity, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated for the first time a relationship between rare variants in the ENaC pathway and BP salt-sensitivity. Future replication and functional studies are needed to confirm the findings in this study.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY
Trial Number NCT00721721
HoTResDB: host transcriptional response database for viral hemorrhagic fevers
Authors: Lo Jonathan , Zhang Deric , Speranza Emily , Negron Jose A , Connor John H 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Summary
High-throughput screening of the host transcriptional response to various viral infections provides a wealth of data, but utilization of microarray and next generation sequencing (NGS) data for analysis can be difficult. The Host Transcriptional Response DataBase (HoTResDB), allows visitors to access already processed microarray and NGS data from non-human primate models of viral hemorrhagic fever to better understand the host transcriptional response.

Availability
HoTResDB is freely available at http://hotresdb.bu.edu
X-ray-bright optically faint active galactic nuclei in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam wide survey
Authors: Terashima Yuichi , Suganuma Makoto , Akiyama Masayuki , Greene Jenny E , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Iwasawa Kazushi , Nagao Tohru , Noda Hirofumi , Toba Yoshiki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Yamashita Takuji 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We construct a sample of X-ray-bright optically faint active galactic nuclei by combining Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam, XMM-Newton, and infrared source catalogs. Fifty-three X-ray sources satisfying i-band magnitude fainter than 23.5 mag and X-ray counts with the EPIC-PN detector larger than 70 are selected from 9.1 deg2, and their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and X-ray spectra are analyzed. Forty-four objects with an X-ray to i-band flux ratio FX/Fi &gt; 10 are classified as extreme X-ray-to-optical flux sources. Spectral energy distributions of 48 among 53 are represented by templates of type 2 AGNs or star-forming galaxies and show the optical signature of stellar emission from host galaxies in the source rest frame. Infrared/optical SEDs indicate a significant contribution of emission from dust to the infrared fluxes, and that the central AGN is dust obscured. The photometric redshifts determined from the SEDs are in the range of 0.6–2.5. The X-ray spectra are fitted by an absorbed power-law model, and the intrinsic absorption column densities are modest (best-fit log NH = 20.5–23.5 cm−2 in most cases). The absorption-corrected X-ray luminosities are in the range of 6 × 1042–2 × 1045 erg s−1. Twenty objects are classified as type 2 quasars based on X-ray luminsosity and NH. The optical faintness is explained by a combination of redshifts (mostly z &gt; 1.0), strong dust extinction, and in part a large ratio of dust/gas.
Competency-Based Medical Education in the Internal Medicine Clerkship: A Report From the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine Undergraduate Medical Education Task Force
Authors: Fazio Sara B. , Ledford Cynthia H. , Aronowitz Paul B. , Chheda Shobhina G. , Choe John H. , Call Stephanie A. , Gitlin Scott D. , Muntz Marty , Nixon L. James , Pereira Anne G. , Ragsdale John W. , Stewart Emily A. , Hauer Karen E. 
Published: September 2017

As medical educators continue to redefine learning and assessment across the continuum, implementation of competency-based medical education in the undergraduate setting has become a focus of many medical schools. While standards of competency have been defined for the graduating student, there is no uniform approach for defining competency expectations for students during their core clerkship year. The authors describe the process by which an Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine task force developed a paradigm for competency-based assessment of students during their inpatient internal medicine (IM) clerkship. Building on work at the resident and fellowship levels, the task force focused on the development of key learning outcomes as defined by entrustable professional activities (EPAs) that were specific to educational experiences on the IM clerkship, as well as identification of high-priority assessment domains. The work was informed by a national survey of clerkship directors.
Six key EPAs emerged: generating a differential diagnosis, obtaining a complete and accurate history and physical exam, obtaining focused histories and clinically relevant physical exams, preparing an oral presentation, interpreting the results of basic diagnostic studies, and providing well-organized clinical documentation. A model for assessment was proposed, with descriptors aligned to the scale of supervision and mapped to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education domains of competence. The proposed paradigm offers a standardized template that may be used across IM clerkships, and which would effectively bridge competency evaluation in the clerkship to fourth-year assessment as well as eventual postgraduate training.
A Phase1b Dose Escalation Study of Recombinant Circularly Permuted TRAIL in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hou Jian , Qiu Lugui , Zhao Yaozhong , Zhang Xuejun , Liu Yan , Wang Zhao , Zhou Fang , Leng Yun , Yang Shifang , Xi Hao , Wang Fuxu , Zhu Bing , Chen Wenming , Wei Peng , Zheng Xiangjun 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
Circularly permuted tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (CPT), or CPT, is a novel antitumor drug candidate. This phase 1b study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of single-agent CPT in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), and aimed to identify the recommended dose for the phase 2 study.

Materials and Methods:
Patients received single or multiple doses (once daily for 5 consecutive days per 21-d cycle) of CPT intravenous infusion at doses of 5, 6.5, 8, 10, and 15 mg/kg, to determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities, safety, and tolerability. PK were evaluated. Preliminary efficacy was assessed after each treatment cycle.

Results:
Twenty-nine RRMM patients received CPT. Neither the dose-limiting toxicity nor the maximum tolerated dose were identified. The most common treatment-related adverse events were liver enzyme elevations (eg, elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), hematological abnormalities (eg, leukopenia and neutropenia), fever, fatigue, and vomiting. CPT had a terminal half-life of 0.90 to 1.27 hours at the 5 dose levels, and no accumulation was observed with repeated doses. Safety and PK profiles were similar across the 5 dose cohorts. The overall response rate (complete and partial response) was 18.5%. The clinical benefit rate (complete, partial, and minimal response) was 33.3%. Sixteen patients did not respond to CPT (no change and progressive disease). Patients treated with higher doses of CPT appeared to have better responses.

Conclusions:
CPT was safe and well tolerated by RRMM patients, and doses between 8 and 15 mg/kg were recommended for the phase 2 study.
Phase I/II Study of S-1 Plus Cisplatin Alternating With S-1 Plus Docetaxel in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hosokawa Ayumu , Ando Takayuki , Ogawa Kohei , Ueda Akira , Yoshita Hiroki , Mihara Hiroshi , Fujinami Haruka , Kajiura Shinya , Yabushita Kazuhisa , Horikawa Naoki , Kobayashi Yuka , Yoshioka Akira , Origasa Hideki , Sugiyama Toshiro 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:To investigate the usefulness of S-1 plus cisplatin alternating with S-1 plus docetaxel as first-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer, we conducted a phase I/II study to determine the maximum tolerated dose and recommended dose, and evaluate efficacy and toxicity.Materials and Methods:Patients with histologically confirmed unresectable and recurrent gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. Cisplatin was administered on day 1 and the dose escalated by 10 mg/m2from a starting dose of 40 mg/m2in the phase I part. S-1 was given orally at 80 mg/m2on days 1 to 14 and docetaxel at 40 mg/m2on day 22 in combination with S-1 80 mg/m2on days 22 to 35. The treatment was repeated every 6 weeks. The primary endpoint of the phase II analysis was the response rate.Results:Nine patients entered the phase I and 24 the phase II part. Because 50% of patients (3/6) developed dose-limiting toxicities in the phase I part, the maximum tolerated dose of cisplatin was presumed to be 50 mg/m2. Therefore, the estimated recommended dose of cisplatin was 40 mg/m2; 27 patients received that dose. The response rate was 59.3% (95% confidence interval, 40.8-77.8) and the median follow-up 26.2 months. The median progression-free survival was 7.9 months and the median overall survival 18.6 months. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (59.3%), leucopenia (37.0%), and anemia (29.6%). These toxicities were tolerable and manageable.Conclusion:This alternating treatment seems to have promising activity with tolerable toxicities in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Anatomical Study of Perfusion of a Periosteal Flap with a Lateral Pedicle
Authors: Kim Boktae , Inoue Yoshikazu , Imanishi Nobuaki , Chang Hak , Shimizu Yusuke , Okumoto Takayuki , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Pedicled periosteal flaps are commonly used for tissue defects between the base of the skull and the midfacial area. This study aimed to clarify the 3-dimensional vascular distribution of temporal region flaps.

Methods:
Ten fresh cadavers were used. Full-thickness cranial flaps were elevated from the cranial bone and each layer was detached separately. Contrast enhancement of the full thickness of the scalp, macroscopic evaluation, and histologic analyses were performed. Radiographs were obtained and image analysis was performed using a 3-dimensional monitor.

Results:
The mean number of deep vessels extending from the parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery was 68.7, including 14.2 and 54.5 vessels on the proximal and distal sides, respectively. The mean number of deep vessels extending from the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery was 71.6, including 17.6 and 54.0 vessels on the proximal and distal sides, respectively. There were significantly more perforating branches in the distal area than in the proximal area of both the frontal and parietal branches (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the number of perforating branches between the frontal and parietal branches.

Conclusions:
Contrast-enhanced images of the loose areolar tissue and periosteal layers revealed vessels that extended radially. We successfully identified the 3-dimensional structure of the perforating vessels peripheral to the temporal fossa. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for the feasibility of elevating a periosteal/loose areolar tissue flap with a reliable blood supply without sacrificing the temporal muscle.
Prepectoral Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Highton Lyndsey , Johnson Richard , Kirwan Cliona , Murphy John 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The development of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) has facilitated single-stage implant breast reconstruction (IBR) following skin-sparing mastectomy. The conventional approach of postpectoral implant placement with lower pole ADM confers a good cosmetic result by improving lower pole projection and control, while minimizing issues of implant visibility, palpability, and rippling. This is balanced with potential disadvantages including pain, disruption of pectoral muscle function, and animation. We report the results of a prospective study of prepectoral IBR with total ADM coverage.

Methods:
Prepectoral IBR with total ADM coverage was performed in 106 patients (166 breasts) in our institution from 2013 to 2017. The cohort included patients undergoing immediate IBR (113 breasts) and revision of existing submuscular IBR (53 breasts). Patient demographics, surgical complications, and outcomes from a prospective database were analyzed.

Results:
At a mean follow-up of 485 days, patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes have been good, with no significant capsular contractures or animation deformity. Minor complications including delayed healing, red breast, or seroma occurred in 14 breasts (8.4%). Major complications including necrosis and implant loss occurred in 5 breasts (3 patients), with a total explantation rate of 3%. No patients required more than an overnight stay in hospital, and there were no delays to adjuvant treatment in therapeutic cases.

Conclusion:
Prepectoral implant placement with ADM cover is emerging as an alternative approach for IBR. This method facilitates breast reconstruction with a good cosmetic outcome for patients who want a quick recovery without potential compromise of pectoral muscle function and associated problems.
Neurologic and Functional Morbidity in Critically Ill Children With Bronchiolitis*
Authors: Shein Steven L. , Slain Katherine N. , Clayton Jason A. , McKee Bryan , Rotta Alexandre T. , Wilson-Costello Deanne 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
Neurologic and functional morbidity occurs in ~30% of PICU survivors, and young children may be at particular risk. Bronchiolitis is a common indication for PICU admission among children less than 2 years old. Two single-center studies suggest that greater than 10–25% of critical bronchiolitis survivors have neurologic and functional morbidity but those estimates are 20 years old. We aimed to estimate the burden of neurologic and functional morbidity among more recent bronchiolitis patients using two large, multicenter databases.

Design:
Analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System and the Virtual Pediatric databases.

Setting:
Forty-eight U.S. children’s hospitals (Pediatric Health Information System) and 40 international (mostly United States) children’s hospitals (Virtual Pediatric Systems).

Patients:
Previously healthy PICU patients less than 2 years old admitted with bronchiolitis between 2009 and 2015 who survived and did not require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Interventions:
None. Neurologic and functional morbidity was defined as a Pediatric Overall Performance Category greater than 1 at PICU discharge (Virtual Pediatric Systems subjects), or a subsequent hospital encounter involving developmental delay, feeding tubes, MRI of the brain, neurologist evaluation, or rehabilitation services (Pediatric Health Information System subjects).

Measurements and Main Results:
Among 3,751 Virtual Pediatric Systems subjects and 9,516 Pediatric Health Information System subjects, ~20% of patients received mechanical ventilation. Evidence of neurologic and functional morbidity was present at PICU discharge in 707 Virtual Pediatric Systems subjects (18.6%) and more chronically in 1,104 Pediatric Health Information System subjects (11.6%). In both cohorts, neurologic and functional morbidity was more common in subjects receiving mechanical ventilation (27.5% vs 16.5% in Virtual Pediatric Systems; 14.5% vs 11.1% in Pediatric Health Information System; both p < 0.001). In multivariate models also including demographics, use of mechanical ventilation was the only variable that was associated with increased neurologic and functional morbidity in both cohorts.

Conclusions:
In two large, multicenter databases, neurologic and functional morbidity was common among previously healthy children admitted to the PICU with bronchiolitis. Prospective studies are needed to measure neurologic and functional outcomes using more precise metrics. Identification of modifiable risk factors may subsequently lead to improved outcomes from this common PICU condition.