bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jumandy, parentesco e historicidad: las visiones de poder entre los Napo Runa en la Amazonía ecuatoriana
Authors: Uzendoski Michael A 
Published: June 2016

ResumenEste trabajo presenta un análisis sobre la lucha histórica de las poblaciones nativas del Alto Napo, considerando el rol de las visiones de poder en la memoria, historia y acción social. Mi hipótesis es que la teoría indígena de lucha nació de las visiones rituales que precedieron al levantamiento de “Jumandy” (1578) cuando los nativos del Alto Napo se alzaron y destruyeron las ciudades de Archidona y Loreto. Fundado en evidencias reunidas durante el trabajo de campo, el argumento es que las visiones de poder (en Kichwa ‘yachay’ y ‘ushay’) que engendraron la sublevación de 1578 siguen vivas socialmente, debido al carácter relacional del pensamiento Amazónico. El artículo muestra que para los Nativos de Napo Jumandy personifica la transmisión del poder a través de generaciones de lucha. Se trata de un poder que la gente siente y percibe; un poder que está enraizado en el territorio y en la presencia afectiva de los antepasados.
Comparative anatomy of the arm muscles of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) with some comments on locomotor mechanics and behavior
Authors: Aversi‐Ferreira Tales Alexandre , Aversi‐Ferreira Roqueline A.G.M.F. , Bretas Rafael Vieira , Nishimaru Hiroshi , Nishijo Hisao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe anatomical literature on the genus Macaca has focused mainly on the rhesus monkey. However, some aspects in the positional behaviors of the Japanese monkey may be different from those in rhesus monkey, suggesting that the anatomical details of these species are divergent.MethodsFour thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata adults were dissected.ResultsThe arm muscles in Japanese macaques are more similar to rhesus monkeys and Papio; these characteristics are closer to those of bearded capuchins than apes, indicating more proximity of this genus to New World primates.ConclusionsThe anatomical features observed favor quadrupedal locomotor behaviors on the ground and in arboreal environments. Japanese monkeys, rhesus monkeys, and bearded capuchins, which share more primitive characteristics in their arm muscles, present features that favor both arboreal and quadrupedal locomotor behaviors, whereas apes, mainly Pan and Gorilla, which spend more time on the ground, present more quadrupedal specializations.
The Central Vein Sign in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Is Present Irrespective of the T2* Sequence at 3 T
Authors: Samaraweera Amal P. R. , Clarke Margareta A. , Whitehead Amy , Falah Yasser , Driver Ian D. , Dineen Robert A. , Morgan Paul S. , Evangelou Nikos 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPrevious T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have used white matter lesion (WML) central veins to distinguish multiple sclerosis (MS) from its mimics. To be clinically applicable, the “central vein sign” needs to be detectable across different T2* sequences. Our objective was to determine if the central vein sign is reliably present in MS and absent in patients with ischemic small vessel disease (SVD) across different T2* sequences at 3T MRI.METHODSTen patients with MS and 10 with SVD were each scanned on a 3 T Philips and GE scanner. The MRI protocol included 3‐dimensional (3D) T2* GRE, T2* with high echo planar imaging (EPI) factor and susceptibility‐weighted angiography (SWAN). Total WML numbers, central vein numbers, and proportion of WMLs with central veins were calculated using each sequence. Three blinded raters identified a subset of six WMLs with central veins to diagnose MS or SVD.RESULTSIrrespective of the sequence, MS patients were identified based on a higher proportion of WMLs with central veins. This proportion was dependent on the T2* sequence used. T2* with high EPI allowed the highest median proportion (69.6%) in MS patients; 6.1% in SVD patients (P < .0004). Rater reproducibility varied depending on the T2* sequence used. T2* with high EPI produced good agreement with the clinical diagnosis (Cohen's kappa range; .78‐.89), as did SWAN imaging with some raters; ĸ = .69.CONCLUSIONSThe central vein sign can diagnose MS in the clinical setting of modern 3T scanners. However, variations in the T2* sequences need to be considered when defining a threshold for diagnosis.
Selective Application of High‐Resolution 3 T MRI in the Evaluation of Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissection
Authors: Hwang Jaechun , Chung Jong‐Won , Cha Jihoon , Bang Oh Young , Chung Chin‐Sang , Lee Kwang Ho , Kim Gyeong‐Moon 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAlthough high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI) is considered optimal for the diagnosis of intracranial vertebral artery dissection (IVAD), it is not readily available for all patients with suspected IVAD. The purpose of our study was to determine the factor related to IVAD lesions that are not definitively diagnosed by conventional MRI.METHODSThis study included IVAD lesions that were evaluated with both of 3 T conventional MRI and HR‐MRI. Definitive dissection was defined as the presence of one or more pathognomonic radiological findings including crescentic intramural hematoma, intimal flap, and double lumen. A total of 30 IVAD lesions definitively diagnosed by HR‐MRI were included and grouped into a conventional MRI true‐positive group (n = 17) or false‐negative group (n = 13) based on the presence of definitive findings on conventional MRI.RESULTSClinical characteristics did not differ between the two groups. The absence of vertebral artery aneurysmal dilatation was more common in the conventional MRI false‐negative group (84.6% vs. 35.3%; P = .010). Ipsilesional vertebral hypoplasia was observed more frequently in the conventional MRI false‐negative IVAD group (53.8% vs. 17.6%; P = .056). In logistic regression, absence of vertebral artery aneurysmal dilatation was independently associated with conventional MRI false‐negative IVAD (OR, 16.37; 95% CI, 1.39‐192.30; P = .026). Ipsilesional vertebral artery hypoplasia showed only a trend as a predictor of conventional MRI false‐negative IVAD (OR, 7.24; 95% CI, .73‐71.51; P = 0.090).CONCLUSIONSHR‐MRI may be useful for diagnosing IVAD without aneurysmal dilatation or with ipsilesional vertebral hypoplasia.
Multiple cells express interleukin 17 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Avadhani Avadhoot V. , Parachuru Venkata P. B. , Milne Trudy , Seymour Gregory J. , Rich Alison M. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundInterleukin (IL)‐17 is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine with pro‐ and antitumour effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and potential sources of IL‐17 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to label and compare IL‐17+ cells in the tissue sections of OSCC and inflammatory controls (IC), n = 14 for both. In OSCC, the comparison was made between the number of IL‐17+ cells in the tumoral islands (TI), tumour–stroma interface (TS) and more distant stroma (DS). Cells expressing IL‐17 were identified using double‐labelling immunofluorescence and examined using laser scanning microscopy. The production of IL‐17 from tumour cells was determined in the culture supernatants of OSCC cell lines, SCC4, SCC15 and SCC25, using sandwich ELISA.ResultsSignificantly more IL‐17+ cells were observed in OSCC compared with IC (Mann–Whitney, P < 0.0001). In OSCC, the numbers of IL‐17+ cells were not significantly different in three compartments, TI, TS and DS (one‐way ANOVA, P > 0.05). However, the TI had significantly fewer IL‐17+ cells than the combined stroma (both TS and DS together, Mann–Whitney, P < 0.01). Laser scanning microscopy revealed helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, macrophages and mast cells co‐expressed IL‐17. ELISA experiments did not detect IL‐17 in the supernatants of OSCC cell lines.ConclusionsAlthough the tumour cells themselves did not express IL‐17, a range of cell types did, suggesting multiple cellular sources for IL‐17 in OSCC. The spatial distribution of IL‐17+ cells suggests specific interactions with cells within the tumour microenvironment, implying that IL‐17+ cells are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of OSCC.
Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: Old concepts in a young population
Authors: Titmuss Angela Therese , Srinivasan Shubha 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMany years after first being described, there is still no clear consensus on diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, particularly in children. However, identification of this cluster of cardiovascular risk factors especially in children with co‐morbidities, is important in order to reduce their future risk of chronic disease and morbidity. Sustained multidisciplinary and family‐based early intervention is required, aiming primarily at life‐style change.
The impaired myocardial ischemic tolerance in adult offspring of diabetic pregnancy is restored by maternal melatonin treatment
Authors: Gao Ling , Zhao Yi‐Chao , Liang Yan , Lin Xian‐Hua , Tan Ya‐Jing , Wu Dan‐Dan , Li Xin‐Zhu , Ye Bo‐Zhi , Kong Fan‐Qi , Sheng Jian‐Zhong , Huang He‐Feng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDiabetic pregnancy, with ever increasing prevalence, adversely affects embryogenesis and increases vasculometabolic disorder risks in adult offspring. However, it remains poorly understood whether maternal diabetes increases the offspring's susceptibility to heart injuries in adulthood. In this study, we observed that cardiac function and structure were comparable between adult offspring born to diabetic mice and their counterparts born to nondiabetic mice at baseline. However, in response to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR), diabetic mother offspring exhibited augmented infarct size, cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial apoptosis compared with control, in association with exaggerated activation of mitochondria‐ and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐mediated apoptosis pathways and oxidative stress. Molecular analysis showed that the impaired myocardial ischemic tolerance in diabetic mother offspring was mainly attributable to blunted cardiac insulin receptor substrate (IRS)‐1/Akt signaling. Furthermore, the effect of maternal melatonin administration on offspring's response to MIR was determined, and the results indicated that melatonin treatment in diabetic dams during pregnancy significantly improved the tolerance to MIR injury in their offspring, via restoring cardiac IRS‐1/Akt signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that maternal diabetes predisposes offspring to augmented MIR injury in adulthood, and maternal melatonin supplementation during diabetic pregnancy may hold promise for improving myocardial ischemic tolerance in the offspring.
Prevalence and Clinicopathological Features of Triaditis in a Prospective Case Series of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cats
Authors: Fragkou F.C. , Adamama‐Moraitou K.K. , Poutahidis T. , Prassinos N.N. , Kritsepi‐Konstantinou M. , Xenoulis P.G. , Steiner J.M. , Lidbury J.A. , Suchodolski J.S. , Rallis T.S. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe term triaditis designates the concurrent presence of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cholangitis, and pancreatitis in cats.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe histopathology of concurrent, but often subclinical, inflammatory processes in the small intestine, liver, and pancreas of cats is poorly described. We aimed to investigate the frequency of enteritis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, or some combination of these in symptomatic and asymptomatic cats, compare clinicopathological features, and correlate histopathological with laboratory findings.AnimalsDomestic cats (27 symptomatic, 20 asymptomatic, and 8 normal).MethodsProspective study. Physical examination, laboratory variables (CBC, serum biochemistry profile, serum thyroxine concentration, serum feline trypsin‐like immunoreactivity [fTLI], feline lipase immunoreactivity [fPLI, as measured by SpecfPL®], urinalysis, and fecal analysis), imaging, and histopathological examinations were conducted. Feline liver, pancreas, and small intestine were biopsied during laparotomy.ResultsInflammatory lesions were detected in 47 cats (27 symptomatic, 20 asymptomatic). In total, 20 cats had histopathologic lesions ofIBD(13/47, 27.7%), cholangitis (6/47, 12.8%), or pancreatitis (1/47, 2.1%) alone, or inflammation involving >1 organ (27/47, 57.4%). More specifically, 16/47 cats (34.0%) had concurrent lesions ofIBDand cholangitis, 3/47 (6.4%) ofIBDand pancreatitis, and 8/47 cats (17%) of triaditis. Triaditis was identified only in symptomatic cats (8/27, 29.6%). A mild, positive correlation was detected between the severity (score) ofIBDlesions and the number of comorbidities (rho = +0.367,P= .022).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHistopathological evidence ofIBDorIBDwith comorbidities was detected in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cats. The possibility of triaditis should be considered in symptomatic cats with severeIBD.
In vitro models of cranial neural crest development toward toxicity tests: frog, mouse, and human
Authors: Suga M , Hayashi Y , Furue MK 
Published: June 2016

During craniofacial development, cranial neural crest (NC)‐derived mesenchymal cells migrate to pharyngeal arches and contribute extensively to neurons, Schwann cells, smooth muscle cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and odontoblasts, forming maxillofacial structures. In vitro models using model organism cells, such as African clawed frog (Xenopus Laevis) and mouse (Mus Musculus), were developed to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms of cranial NC development. Recent studies using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have enabled the generation of human NC cells (NCCs) in vitro to provide insight into human NC development. Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying craniofacial development will contribute to develop novel embryotoxicity tests and to decrease the incidence of drug‐induced congenital anomalies in the craniofacial region, such as cleft lip or cleft palate. Here, we review culture methods to derive NCCs in vitro from Xenopus presumptive ectoderm (animal caps), mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and discuss how these in vitro models can be used to help clarify the mechanisms underlying craniofacial development and for developing embryotoxicity tests predicting drug‐induced congenital anomalies in the craniofacial region.
The response of amphibian larvae to environmental change is both consistent and variable
Authors: Edge Christopher B. , Houlahan Jeff E. , Jackson Donald A. , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: June 2016

Many environments are undergoing rapid environmental change and there is a need to understand the mechanisms by which species can persist in altered environments. Model systems, such as amphibian metamorphosis, which can be generalized across many types of environmental change and across many species, are a powerful tool for understanding mechanisms that facilitate persistence in altered and disturbed environments. Amphibian larvae respond to environmental change by varying age at metamorphosis, or size at metamorphosis. Differential selection pressures on age or size at metamorphosis may result in a differential response among taxa to environmental change. Using a meta‐analysis, we investigated whether age at metamorphosis, size at metamorphosis, and larval growth rate vary within and among taxonomic families of amphibians in experiments that modified the environmental temperature, density of individuals, food, hydroperiod and the presence of predators. For all environmental factors except predators, the direction of the response was consistent across most of the studied taxa. However, there was considerable variation in effect size both within and among families. Results demonstrate that amphibian metamorphosis is a valuable model system for studying the effects of environmental change. Yet, we stress the need for caution in making generalizations about how individuals respond to environmental factors that have an indirect effect on physiology and require the perception of an environmental cue, such as the presence of predators.SynthesisAs the current conditions of the environment are rapidly changing there is a need to understand how organisms respond to environmental change, and whether response of one species can be generalized to other species. Using a meta‐analyses, we tested whether the phenotypic response of amphibian larvae to five types of environmental change is consistent among and within taxonomic families. The phenotypic response to changes in environmental factors was consistent when the environmental factor has a direct effect on physiology, but varies among and within family if the environmental factor has an indirect effect on physiology or requires the perception of an environmental cue.
Which Crisis? European Crisis and National Contexts in Public Discourse
Authors: Zamponi Lorenzo , Bosi Lorenzo 
Published: June 2016

Is there such a thing as “the crisis” in the European public discourse? We investigate the Great Recession as it appears in the public discourse of seven European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland). We do so through a political claim analysis conducted on the most important newspapers of each country between 2005 and 2014. We show that the economic crisis, as a shared experience able to produce consequences on political processes, does matter, but not as one monolithic factor that generates homogeneous outcomes. Different countries are characterized by specific features, which need to be taken into account to understand the relationship between economic crisis and political change. We identify four different “crises” (the global financial crisis, the public debt and austerity crisis, the industrial productive crisis, and the political legitimacy crisis) and propose interpretations on the relationship between their relative visibility, structural factors, and political change.Related Articles in this Special Issue

Cinalli, Manlio, and
Marco Giugni. “” Politics & Policy 44 (): 427–446. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12159/abstract

Lahusen, Christian,
Maria Kousis,
Johaness Kiess, and
Maria Paschou. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 525–552. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12162/abstract

Temple, Luke,
Maria T. Grasso,
Barbara Buraczynska,
Sotirios Karampampas, and
Patrick English. 2016. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 553–576. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12161/abstract
Related MediaTalk Real. 2015. “TalkReal in Athens: Democracy Rising—Syriza and Europe.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QOdOBX6YsITalk Real. 2015. “TalkReal in Lisbon: Are European Alternatives Still Possible?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIlCAU9oJo0
How Civil Society Actors Responded to the Economic Crisis: The Interaction of Material Deprivation and Perceptions of Political Opportunity Structures
Authors: Giugni Marco , Grasso Maria T. 
Published: June 2016

We examine the relationship between material deprivation and different types of responses to economic crises by civil society actors. We are interested in understanding whether material deprivation has an effect on civil society reactions to the crisis and whether political opportunity factors contribute to this relationship. In particular, we wish to ascertain if the effect of material deprivation is moderated by perceptions of political stability, on one hand, and of the effectiveness of government, on the other. Our results show that the effect of material deprivation on various aspects of responses to the crisis varies depending on the perceptions of the political environment. This suggests that perceptions of political stability and government effectiveness feed into the interpretation of present conditions. Therefore, perceptions of political stability and government effectiveness act as signals leading material deprivation to become politicized as a grievance.Related Articles in this Special Issue

Cinalli, Manlio, and
Marco Giugni. 2016. “” Politics & Policy 44 (): 427–446. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12159/abstract

Temple, Luke,
Maria T. Grasso,
Barbara Buraczynska, .” Politics & Policy 44 (): 553–576. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12161/abstract

English, Patrick,
Maria T. Grasso,
Barbara Buraczynska,
Sotirios Karampampas, and
Luke Temple. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 577–603. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12160/abstract
Collective Responses to the Economic Crisis in the Public Domain: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Cinalli Manlio , Giugni Marco 
Published: June 2016

We challenge the common wisdom that the Great Recession has produced radical changes in political behavior. Accordingly, we assess the extent to which the crisis has spurred protest activities and given socioeconomic issues a higher saliency in public debates. We also assess how far the crisis has provided a more prominent place for economic and labor actors as subject actors, a more prominent place of economic and labor actors as object actors, as well as a more prominent place of economic and labor actors as addressees in claims making on the economic crisis. Our findings show that the crisis has not produced such radical changes in all these aspects, though it had some impact. At a more general level, our analysis unveils the normative underpinnings of the commonly held view that the economic crisis has fed a grievance‐based conflict between capital and labor going beyond specific patterns and configurations in each country.Related Articles in this Special Issue

Zamponi, Lorenzo, and
Lorenzo Bosi. 2016. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 400–426. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12156/abstract

Giugni, Marco, and
Maria T. Grasso. 2016. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 447–472. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12157/abstract

Theiss, Maria,
Anna Kurowska, and
Janina Petelczyc. 2016. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 473–498. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12164/abstract
Private Information in Life Insurance, Annuity, and Health Insurance Markets
Authors: Wuppermann Amelie C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEconomic theory predicts that private information on risks in insurance markets leads to adverse selection. To counterbalance private information, insurers collect and use information on applicants to assess their risk and to calculate premiums in an underwriting process. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), this paper documents that differences in the information used in underwriting across life insurance, annuity, and health insurance markets attenuate private information to different extents. The results are in line with – and might help to reconcile – the mixed empirical evidence on adverse selection across these markets.
Foreign Direct Investment and External Financing Conditions: Evidence from Normal and Crisis Times
Authors: Desbordes Rodolphe , Wei Shang‐Jin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the effects that external financing conditions in source and destination countries have on foreign direct investment (FDI) in normal and crisis times, using a difference‐in‐differences approach. We find that the financial development of the source and destination countries has a strong positive impact on the relative volume of FDI in financially vulnerable sectors in normal times. However, during the 2008–2010 global financial crisis, the relative volume of FDI in financially vulnerable sectors fell relatively more in financially developed source and destination countries, most notably if these countries experienced a credit crisis.