bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blunted reward‐related activation to food scenes distinguishes individuals with alcohol use disorder in a pilot case–control fMRI pilot study
Authors: Mellick William , McTeague Lisa , Hix Sara , Anton Raymond , Prisciandaro James J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is thought to bias the neurocircuitry underlying reward processing and motivation to preferentially attend to conditioned alcohol cues over natural rewards. The present case–control pilot study evaluated this hypothesis using novel natural reward paradigms.MethodsTwenty‐eight participants (AUD, n = 14, light drinkers, n = 14) were recruited—AUD participants reported 44.0% heavy drinking days (%HDD) and 4.67 drinks/day over the preceding 90 days. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired during the administration of three separate picture‐viewing paradigms of alcohol cues, food scenes, and social reward, respectively. Independent samples t‐tests were performed to compare groups' fMRI data and exploratory correlation analyses were performed to examine associations with clinical characteristics of AUD.ResultsFood scenes elicited abnormally low reward‐related activation, within the superior frontal gyrus and caudate bilaterally, among AUD participants. Lower activation to food scenes within the superior frontal gyrus was, in turn, associated with higher levels of past‐month %HDD among AUD participants, specifically, along with craving and alcohol dependence severity when examined across the full sample. Contrasting reward types (e.g., alcohol cues vs. food scenes) did not reveal “preferential” activation to differentiate groups.ConclusionsHeavy drinking appears associated with reduced responsivity to natural rewards, specifically food rather than social cues. Neural mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of malnutrition among individuals with AUD may involve some combination of blunted approach‐related affect and reduced craving‐related motivation to eat when food is present, resulting in limited engagement of cortico‐striato‐thalamic motor circuitry supporting food acquisition. However, given the preliminary nature of this pilot study, such formulations remain tentative until larger follow‐up studies can be conducted. From a potential translational standpoint, the ability of promising therapeutics to demonstrate increased responsivity to natural rewards, specifically nutritive reward may serve as a valuable complementary efficacy indicator for future clinical neuroimaging trials in AUD.
Victim blaming and belief in karma
Authors: White Cindel J. M. , Willard Aiyana K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWitnessing the suffering of innocent victims can motivate observers to interpret the situation in ways that justify that suffering, such as viewing victims as more personally responsible or possessing negative traits. In a pre‐registered cross‐cultural experiment (N = 831 from India, Singapore and the USA), we tested whether belief in karma—a supernatural force that can be used to explain current misfortune as payback for past misdeeds—affects people's tendencies to blame victims for their misfortune. Participants read and evaluated descriptions of ostensibly innocent victims of misfortune, both before and after thinking about karma. When thinking about karma, participants rated victims as possessing more negative traits, and (in the USA) being less similar to participants themselves, compared to their baseline judgements. Belief in karma also indirectly predicted negative evaluations, due to karma believers' greater perception that victims were personally responsible for their situation. These results are consistent with previously established patterns of victim derogation and show how karma can shape social judgements in a manner that bolsters the perception of a just world where bad things are believed to happen to bad people.
The challenged urine bicarbonate excretion test in cystic fibrosis: A comprehensive analysis of urine acid/base parameters
Authors: Rousing Amalie Q. , Jeppesen Majbritt , Jensen‐Fangel Søren , Leipziger Jens , Sorensen Mads V. , Berg Peder 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimRenal excretion of excess HCO3− depends on renal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and is impaired in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Urine HCO3− excretion following oral NaHCO3‐loading may be a simple in vivo biomarker of CFTR function. In this study, we investigated changes in urine acid/base parameters following oral NaHCO3‐loading to comprehensively assess the physiological response to the test and evaluate HCO3− as the primary test result.MethodsUrine acid/base parameters (titratable acid (TA), NH4+, net acid excretion (NAE) and pH) were measured in bio‐banked urine samples from controls (n = 10) and pwCF (n = 50) who completed the challenged urine HCO3− test. The association between urine acid/base excretion parameters and clinical CF disease characteristics and CFTR modulator therapy‐induced changes were assessed.ResultsBefore treatment, challenged urine acid/base excretion associated with important CF disease characteristics. TA excretion and NAE were lower in pwCF with residual function mutations, 7.9 and 16.6 mmol/3 h, respectively, and lower TA excretion and NAE associated with pancreatic sufficiency. A lower excretion of TA, NH4+, and NAE associated with a higher percentage of predicted FEV1 (1.3%, 2.5% and 0.8% per mmol/3 h higher, respectively). Modulator treatment decreased TA excretion and NAE (−2.9 and −5.3 mmol/3 h, respectively).ConclusionFollowing acute NaHCO3‐loading, increased base excretion is mirrored by decreased acid excretion. Urine HCO3− excretion sufficiently represents the additional urine acid/base parameters as test result. The observed changes in acid excretion support CFTR modulator‐induced increase of CFTR‐dependent type B intercalated cell HCO3− secretion and the use of the challenged urine HCO3− test as a possible CFTR‐biomarker.
Path planning optimization for swine manure‐cleaning robots through enhanced slime mold algorithm with cellular automata
Authors: Duan Yong Peng , Yang Ya Zhi , Cao Yue , Li Hao Ming , Hu Ze Wei , Cao Ri Liang , Liu Zhen Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the primary challenges for robotic manure cleaners in pig farming is to plan the shortest path to designated cleaning points under specified conditions with minimal processing cost and time, while avoiding collisions. However, pigs are randomly distributed in actual pig farms, which obstructs the robots' movement and complicates the rapid determination of optimal solutions. To address these issues, this study introduces the concept of interaction among cellular automaton cell neighborhoods and proposes the Cellular Automata Slime Mold Algorithm (CASMA). This enhanced slime mold algorithm accelerates convergence speed and improves search accuracy. To validate its effectiveness, CASMA was compared with four metaheuristic algorithms (ACO, FA, PSO, and WPA) through performance tests and simulated experiments. Results demonstrate that in complex pigsty environments with varying numbers of pigs, CASMA reduces average step consumption by 8.03%, 1.61%, 0.99%, and 4.26% compared with these algorithms and saves processing time by averages of 13.20%, 20.11%, 10.86%, and 6.4%, respectively. In addition, in dynamic obstacle experiments, CASMA achieved average time savings of 48.27% and 56.28% compared with A* and TS, respectively, while reducing step consumption. Overall, CASMA enhances the efficiency of manure‐cleaning robots in pig farms, thereby improving animal welfare.
Exposure–response relationships of mirvetuximab soravtansine in patients with folate receptor‐α‐positive ovarian cancer: Justification of therapeutic dose regimen
Authors: Tu Ya‐Ping , Lagraauw H. Maxime , Method Michael , Wang Yuemei , Hanze Eva , Li Lingling , Parrott Timothy , Sloss Callum M. , Westin Eric H. 
Published: September 2024

AimsThis study aimed to investigate exposure–response (ER) relationships in efficacy and safety for mirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV) which is a first‐in‐class antibody–drug conjugate approved for the treatment of folate receptor‐α‐positive platinum‐resistant ovarian cancer.MethodsMIRV was characterized in 4 clinical studies. Exposure metrics for MIRV, its payload and a metabolite were derived from a population pharmacokinetic model. Efficacy was analysed in MIRV‐treated patients (n = 215) in a recent confirmatory, randomized, chemotherapy‐controlled MIRASOL trial and safety was evaluated in patients pooled across all 4 clinical studies (n = 757).ResultsIn the MIRASOL trial (NCT04209855), MIRV demonstrated significant benefit over chemotherapy in progression‐free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS). The most common adverse events (AEs) included ocular disorders, peripheral neuropathy and pneumonitis. For PFS, ORR and OS, the trough concentration of MIRV was the predictor consistently found in ER models for efficacy. In contrast, for ocular AEs (as well as the time to onset of ocular AEs) and peripheral neuropathy, the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of MIRV was identified as the exposure metric in ER models for safety. No exposure parameters were found to correlate with pneumonitis. Covariates in all models did not show clinically meaningful impact on efficacy or safety. Logistic regression models for ORR and ocular AEs based on AUC of MIRV were used to justify the clinical dose regimen approved for MIRV.ConclusionThe trough concentration of MIRV correlated with efficacy whereas the AUC of MIRV was associated with major AEs. The ER relationships supported the selected therapeutic dose regimen.
Generative neural networks for experimental manipulation: Examining dominance‐trustworthiness face impressions with data‐efficient models
Authors: Sobieszek Adam , Siemiątkowski Maciej , Imbir Kamil K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn important development in the study of face impressions was the introduction of dominance and trustworthiness as the primary and potentially orthogonal traits judged from faces. We test competing predictions of recent accounts that address evidence against the independence of these judgements. To this end we develop a version of recent ‘deep models of face impressions’ better suited for data‐efficient experimental manipulation. In Study 1 (N = 128) we build impression models using 15 times less ratings per dimension than previously assumed necessary. In Study 2 (N = 234) we show how our method can precisely manipulate dominance and trustworthiness impressions of face photographs and observe how the effects' pattern of the cues of one trait on impressions of the other differs from previous accounts. We propose an altered account that stresses how a successful execution of the two judgements' functional roles requires impressions of trustworthiness and dominance to be based on cues of both traits. Finally we show our manipulation resulted in larger effect sizes using a broader array of features than previous methods. Our approach lets researchers manipulate face stimuli for various face perception studies and investigate new dimensions with minimal data collection.
The Lego hypothesis of tissue morphogenesis: stereotypic organization of parallel orientational cell adhesions for epithelial self‐assembly
Authors: Zhang Lili , Wei Xiangyun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHow tissues develop distinct structures remains poorly understood. We propose herein the Lego hypothesis of tissue morphogenesis, which states that during tissue morphogenesis, the topographical properties of cell surface adhesion molecules can be dynamically altered and polarised by regulating the spatiotemporal expression and localization of orientational cell adhesion (OCA) molecules cell‐autonomously and non‐cell‐autonomously, thus modulating cells into unique Lego pieces for self‐assembling into distinct cytoarchitectures. This concept can be exemplified by epithelial morphogenesis, in which cells are coalesced into a sheet by many types of adhesions. Among them, parallel OCAs (pOCAs) at the lateral cell membranes are essential for configuring cells in parallel. Major pOCAs include Na+/K+‐ATPase‐mediated adhesions, Crumbs‐mediated adhesions, tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. These pOCAs align in stereotypical orders along the apical‐to‐basal axis, and their absolute positioning is also regulated. Such spatial organization of pOCAs underlies proper epithelial morphogenesis. Thus, a key open question about tissue morphogenesis is how to regulate OCAs to make compatible adhesive cellular Lego pieces for tissue construction.
NMC‐4 Ameliorates Depression‐Like Behavior and Neuroinflammation Caused by Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress
Authors: Chen Yawen , Gu Hongshun , Ye Danni , Li Yi , Chen Yan , Qiao Haoyi , Huang Yujiao , Tao Ran , Yu Shuhui , Zhang Jianjun , Fei Wenting , Wang Linyuan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDepression is a prevalent mental disorder, but the side effects of antidepressants also make depressed patients resistant. Effective and safe antidepressants should be developed from traditional herbs, with the aim of reducing the side effects of antidepressants and improving the efficacy of drugs. In this study, the new macamide compound‐4 (NMC‐4) was synthesized for the first time, addressing the problem of difficult extraction, isolation, and low content of natural macamide. NMC‐4 was characterized using mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. The protective effect of NMC‐4 against cell injury was demonstrated to be stronger than that of natural macamide (N‐benzylhexadecanamide, XA) using a PC12 cell injury model. The study explored the effects of NMC‐4 on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)‐induced depressive symptoms. NMC‐4 significantly improved depressive‐like behaviors. NMC‐4 ameliorated CUMS‐induced depressive‐like behaviors by mitigating neuroinflammation and modulating the NF‐κB/Nrf2 and BDNF/PI3K/Akt pathways.
Impact of the swallowable Allurion intragastric balloon on body weight and composition: An Ecuadorian experience
Authors: Patiño Araujo Bernarda , Duque Jácome Karla Elizabeth , Salgado Báez María Emilia , Villavicencio Logroño Gabriel , Salgado Macías Napoleón 
Published: September 2024

SummaryPeople with excess weight and obesity compose 64.5% of the Ecuadorian population. The Allurion Intragastric Balloon (IGB) is a noninvasive weight loss alternative for patients ineligible for other bariatric procedures. The impact of the procedure on weight loss and body composition, along with insertion complications and secondary effects were investigated. This is a single‐centre retrospective study of patients who underwent Allurion IGB insertion from July 2020 to March 2021. This study followed 167 patients for 12 months after EIGB insertion. Our sample had a mean initial weight of 83.6 ± 13.8 kg and initial body mass index of 31.3 ± 3.6 kg/m2. Percentage total weight loss was 4.65% ± 0.56%, 8.5% ± 4%, 12.29% ± 4.65%, 15.68% ± 5.22%, 17.14% ± 6.05%, and 14.68% ± 18.02% for months 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12, respectively. In the fourth month, 92 patients (56.4%) had lost ≥50% excess body weight; at month 6, 104 patients (67.5%) achieved this goal. Regarding body composition, body fat percentage started at 38.99% ± 7.92%, and at month 6 was 35.67% ± 6.84%, this was the only significance in the statistical analysis.This study aligns with the literature's safety and efficacy results for the Allurion IGB while illustrating the need for further research regarding weight behaviour after its expulsion.
Diagnostic utility of direct immunofluorescence test panels for cutaneous vasculitis: A scoping review
Authors: Lehman Julia S. , Ferringer Tammie C. , Fung Maxwell A. , Cassarino David S. , Shalin Sara C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDue to the immune‐mediated nature of non‐infectious cutaneous vasculitis, skin biopsy specimens are often submitted for direct immunofluorescence (DIF) testing when vasculitis is considered clinically. However, evidence regarding the clinical value of DIF has not been rigorously appraised.ObjectiveIn this scoping review, we aimed to systematically evaluate the peer‐reviewed literature on the utility of DIF in vasculitis to assist with the development of appropriate use criteria by the American Society of Dermatopathology.MethodsTwo electronic databases were searched for articles on DIF and vasculitis (January 1975–October 2023). Relevant case series involving more than or equal to three patients, published in English, and with full‐text availability were included. Additional articles were identified manually via reference review. Due to study heterogeneity, findings were analyzed descriptively.ResultsOf 255 articles identified, 61 met the inclusion criteria. Cumulatively representing over 1000 DIF specimens, several studies estimated DIF sensitivity to be 75%. While vascular immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposits on DIF were associated with renal disease, other systemic associations were inconsistent. Vascular IgG deposition may be overrepresented in ANCA‐associated vasculitis. Granular vascular and epidermal basement membrane zone Ig deposition differentiated hypocomplementemic from normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis. Few studies have assessed the added value of DIF over routine microscopy alone in vasculitis.ConclusionsThis scoping review discovered that DIF testing for vasculitis has been performed not only for diagnostic confirmation of vasculitis but also for disease subtype classification and prediction of systemic associations. Future studies on test sensitivity of DIF compared to that of histopathology are needed.
Cofrogliptin once every 2 weeks as add‐on therapy to metformin versus daily linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes in China: A randomized, double‐blind, non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Ren Qian , Li Ling , Su Xiuhai , Hu Xiaolin , Qin Guijun , Han Jie , Liu Yu , Wang Junmin , Ji Linong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of cofrogliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor taken once every 2 weeks (Q2W), compared with linagliptin (taken daily) in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin in China.Materials and MethodsIn this phase 3 randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled, multicentre study, patients were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive cofrogliptin 10 mg Q2W, cofrogliptin 25 mg Q2W, or linagliptin 5 mg daily, all as an add‐on treatment to metformin, for 24 weeks. Eligible patients could enter an open‐label extension period and receive cofrogliptin 25 mg Q2W for an additional 28 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in glycated haemoglobin from baseline to 24 weeks, with a non‐inferiority margin of 0.4% for cofrogliptin versus linagliptin treatment.ResultsOverall, 465 patients entered the 24‐week treatment period (median age: 57.0 years). The least‐squares mean (standard error) change in glycated haemoglobin from baseline to week 24 was −0.96 (0.063), −0.99 (0.064) and −1.07 (0.065) for the cofrogliptin 10 mg, cofrogliptin 25 mg and linagliptin 5 mg groups, respectively. The between‐group difference met the predefined margin for non‐inferiority of cofrogliptin (10 and 25 mg) versus linagliptin treatment. The incidence of common adverse events (≥5% patients) during the 24‐week treatment period was similar between treatment groups. There were no serious hypoglycaemic events.ConclusionIn Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin, the glucose‐lowering effect of cofrogliptin (Q2W) was non‐inferior to linagliptin (daily), with a similar safety profile maintained over 52 weeks of treatment.
Neurovascular dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Sanches Eliane Swely , Simões Daniela , Baptista Filipa Isabel , Silva Ana Paula 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeurovascular interfaces, specifically the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood–retinal barrier (BRB), play pivotal roles in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). For a long time, these structures were seen only as a way of protection, but we currently know that they have a critical role in CNS (dys)function. Several studies have identified neurovascular alterations in early stages of brain and eye diseases, contributing to the pathophysiology of such conditions. More recently, interesting data have also highlighted the importance of neurovasculature in psychiatric disorders.MethodsUsing the PubMed database, we brought together the evidence concerning the changes in BBB and BRB under psychiatric conditions, with a focus on anxiety, major depressive disorder (MDD), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and drug abuse, specifically related with methamphetamine (METH) and cocaine consumption.ResultsWe summarized the main findings obtained from in vitro and animal studies, as well as clinical research that has been undertaken to identify neurovascular abnormalities upon such neuropsychiatric disorders. The drivers of barrier alterations were examined, namely the role of neuroinflammation, while reporting putative barrier‐associated biomarkers of these disorders.ConclusionThis review underscores the critical need for a deeper understanding of BBB and BRB function in neuropsychiatric conditions and their potential as therapeutic targets while elucidating the key players involved. The innovative approaches to managing these complex disorders are also addressed while bridging the gap concerning what is currently known regarding the association between neuropsychiatric conditions and their vascular implications.
Spatial Abilities and Endodontic Access Cavity Preparation: Implications for Dental Education
Authors: Collet Philippine , Tra Robenson , Reitmann Anna , Valette Sébastien , Hoyek Nady , Maurin Jean‐Christophe , Ducret Maxime , Villat Cyril , Santamaria Julie , Richert Raphaël 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAccess cavity preparation is a crucial step in root canal treatment but is one of the most complex procedures in the curriculum to learn, with students often reporting spatial orientation difficulties during drilling. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of spatial abilities on the preparation of endodontic access cavities among third‐year dental students.Materials and MethodsStudents from Lyon dental faculty participated voluntarily. The mental rotation test (MRT) evaluated spatial ability. Students prepared access cavities on 3D‐printed mandibular molars, subsequently scanned and assessed against eight evaluation points, including morphology, canal access, floor preservation and convergence angle. Principal component analysis (PCA) assessed dataset variations.ResultsA total of 43 volunteers participated. PCA revealed two principal components accounting for 80.8% of variations: the first PC primarily consisted of MRT score (64.3%) and morphology (14.1%); the second comprised operative time (46.1%) and morphology (18.0%). There were significant differences in morphology based on MRT scores, but no correlation was found between other parameters.DiscussionLower MRT scores were associated with larger cavity preparations, raising questions about potential curriculum adaptations to enhance spatial reasoning. The operative time was not correlated with higher MRT scores but did contribute to variations in cavity morphology.ConclusionSpatial abilities have a substantial impact on the quality of endodontic access cavity preparations; further studies should evaluate if the incorporation of 3D atlas exercises could be beneficial.