bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of personal relationships between buyers and suppliers of third-party logistics services: A South African perspective
Authors: Mocke Kelvinne , Niemann Wesley , Kotzé Theuns 
Published: September 2016

Orientation: Personal relationships within the context of supply chain management is one of the least understood and researched areas in this field.Research purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the complexities relating to the interaction between buyers and suppliers of logistics services when personal relationships are involved.Research design, approach and method: A descriptive qualitative research strategy was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 suppliers and 8 buyers of logistic services within the South African third-party logistics industry.Main findings: The main findings indicate several benefits related to building personal relationships with a buyer or supplier of logistics services. These benefits include enhanced personal and business understanding, enhanced communication, enhanced trust, increased business volume, ease of doing business, enhanced problem-solving abilities, ease of conflict resolution and risk mitigation. Subsequently, aspects affecting the nature of the personal relationship were also identified. These include gender, relationship asymmetry, and the ability to adapt to different personalities.Practical implications: A long-term commitment towards a buyer or supplier was identified as essential in order to reap the associated benefits of forming personal relationships.Contribution: The main theoretical contribution of this study can be argued as empirically testing an existing personal relationship framework, confirming the transferability of the framework. Testing the framework in a different context yielded four additional benefits of personal relationships, four supplementary factors influencing the interaction between buyers and suppliers and an additional aspect influencing the nature of personal relationships, thus expanding the body of knowledge of this topic.
Conceptualisation of community-based rehabilitation in Southern Africa: A systematic review
Authors: M'kumbuzi Vyvienne R. P. , Myezwa Hellen 
Published: September 2016

Background: Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) has evolved over the last 30 years and now focuses on empowering persons with disabilities to access and benefit from a wide range of services. The evidence for CBR is frequently cited in the literature as being scanty and of poor quality.Purpose: We sought to determine how CBR is conceptualised and understood in the literature from Southern Africa. Our interest centred on to what extent the literature could inform policy makers and practitioners in the region.Methods: A systematic review of the literature from countries in Southern Africa guided by Population, Intervention/Phenomenon of Interest, Context and Outcome of Interest to the reviewer (PICO) was employed. This involved an extensive, internally valid and systematic search of electronic databases using specific keywords/subject heading combinations. Journal articles reporting on a description or objectives of CBR, published after 2006, and journal articles written in English of all types of studies were included. Data were charted according to the emergent themes. Two independent raters coded the emergent themes.Results: Nine from a possible 257 published articles were reviewed; four of these were programme evaluations. Themes describing CBR converged on community development and poverty reduction. Only one article referred to human rights. Training and supervision of CBR workers and education of the community about disability were frequently reported activities.Conclusion: In isolated cases, the literature is aligned to components of the CBR matrix. However, consistent with previous criticism of CBR, the literature is meagre, as is the evidence to inform policy makers and practitioners in southern Africa.
Heterogeneous photochemistry of imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde: HO2 radical
formation and aerosol growth
Authors: González Palacios Laura , Corral Arroyo Pablo , Aregahegn Kifle Z. , Steimer Sarah S. , Bartels-Rausch Thorsten , Nozière Barbara , George Christian , Ammann Markus , Volkamer Rainer 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The multiphase chemistry of glyoxal is a source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), including its light-absorbing product imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (IC). IC is a photosensitizer that can contribute to additional aerosol ageing and growth when its excited triplet state oxidizes hydrocarbons (reactive uptake) via H-transfer chemistry. We have conducted a series of photochemical coated-wall flow tube (CWFT) experiments using films of IC and citric acid (CA), an organic proxy and H donor in the condensed phase. The formation rate of gas-phase HO2 radicals (PHO2) was measured indirectly by converting gas-phase NO into NO2. We report on experiments that relied on measurements of NO2 formation, NO loss and HONO formation. PHO2 was found to be a linear function of (1) the [IC]  ×  [CA] concentration product and (2) the photon actinic flux. Additionally, (3) a more complex function of relative humidity (25 %  <  RH  <  63 %) and of (4) the O2 ∕ N2 ratio (15 %  <  O2 ∕ N2  <  56 %) was observed, most likely indicating competing effects of dilution, HO2 mobility and losses in the film. The maximum PHO2 was observed at 25–55 % RH and at ambient O2 ∕ N2. The HO2 radicals form in the condensed phase when excited IC triplet states are reduced by H transfer from a donor, CA in our system, and subsequently react with O2 to regenerate IC, leading to a catalytic cycle. OH does not appear to be formed as a primary product but is produced from the reaction of NO with HO2 in the gas phase. Further, seed aerosols containing IC and ammonium sulfate were exposed to gas-phase limonene and NOx in aerosol flow tube experiments, confirming significant PHO2 from aerosol surfaces. Our results indicate a potentially relevant contribution of triplet state photochemistry for gas-phase HO2 production, aerosol growth and ageing in the atmosphere.
Impacts of a decadal drainage disturbance on surface–atmosphere fluxes of
carbon dioxide in a permafrost ecosystem
Authors: Kittler Fanny , Burjack Ina , Corradi Chiara A. R. , Heimann Martin , Kolle Olaf , Merbold Lutz , Zimov Nikita , Zimov Sergey , Göckede Mathias 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Hydrologic conditions are a major controlling factor for carbon exchange processes in high-latitude ecosystems. The presence or absence of water-logged conditions can lead to significant shifts in ecosystem structure and carbon cycle processes. In this study, we compared growing season CO2 fluxes of a wet tussock tundra ecosystem from an area affected by decadal drainage to an undisturbed area on the Kolyma floodplain in northeastern Siberia. For this comparison we found the sink strength for CO2 in recent years (2013–2015) to be systematically reduced within the drained area, with a minor increase in photosynthetic uptake due to a higher abundance of shrubs outweighed by a more pronounced increase in respiration due to warmer near-surface soil layers. Still, in comparison to the strong reduction of fluxes immediately following the drainage disturbance in 2005, recent CO2 exchange with the atmosphere over this disturbed part of the tundra indicate a higher carbon turnover, and a seasonal amplitude that is comparable again to that within the control section. This indicates that the local permafrost ecosystem is capable of adapting to significantly different hydrologic conditions without losing its capacity to act as a net sink for CO2 over the growing season. The comparison of undisturbed CO2 flux rates from 2013–2015 to the period of 2002–2004 indicates that CO2 exchange with the atmosphere was intensified, with increased component fluxes (ecosystem respiration and gross primary production) over the past decade. Net changes in CO2 fluxes are dominated by a major increase in photosynthetic uptake, resulting in a stronger CO2 sink in 2013–2015. Application of a MODIS-based classification scheme to separate the growing season into four sub-seasons improved the interpretation of interannual variability by illustrating the systematic shifts in CO2 uptake patterns that have occurred in this ecosystem over the past 10 years and highlighting the important role of the late growing season for net CO2 flux budgets.
A database of global reference sites to support validation of satellite surface albedo datasets (SAVS 1.0)
Authors: Loew Alexander , Bennartz Ralf , Fell Frank , Lattanzio Alessio , Doutriaux-Boucher Marie , Schulz Jörg 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Validating the accuracy and long-term stability of terrestrial satellite data products necessitates a network of reference sites. This paper documents a global database of more than 2000 sites globally which have been characterized in terms of their spatial heterogeneity. The work was motivated by the need for potential validation sites for geostationary surface albedo data products, but the resulting database is useful also for other applications. The database (SAVS 1.0) is publicly available through the EUMETSAT website (http://savs.eumetsat.int/, doi:10.15770/EUM_SEC_CLM_1001). Sites can be filtered according to different criteria, providing a flexible way to identify potential validation sites for further studies and a traceable approach to characterize the heterogeneity of these reference sites. The present paper describes the detailed information on the generation of the SAVS 1.0 database and its characteristics.
The Dynamics and Variability Model Intercomparison Project (DynVarMIP) for CMIP6: assessing the stratosphere–troposphere system
Authors: Gerber Edwin P. , Manzini Elisa 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Diagnostics of atmospheric momentum and energy transport are needed to investigate the origin of circulation biases in climate models and to understand the atmospheric response to natural and anthropogenic forcing. Model biases in atmospheric dynamics are one of the factors that increase uncertainty in projections of regional climate, precipitation and extreme events. Here we define requirements for diagnosing the atmospheric circulation and variability across temporal scales and for evaluating the transport of mass, momentum and energy by dynamical processes in the context of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). These diagnostics target the assessments of both resolved and parameterized dynamical processes in climate models, a novelty for CMIP, and are particularly vital for assessing the impact of the stratosphere on surface climate change.
De inningspraktijk bij verkeersboetes, rijp voor verandering: is de rechtsbescherming voldoende gewaarborgd?
Authors: van der Hulst J.W. 
Published: September 2016

De inningspraktijk bij verkeersboetes, rijp voor verandering: is de rechtsbescherming voldoende gewaarborgd?
Dit artikel gaat over de inningspraktijk bij de afdoening van verkeersboetes op grond van de Wet administratiefrechtelijke handhaving verkeersvoorschriften. Deze praktijk is buitengewoon streng, waarbij het standaard is dat bij betalingsachterstand automatisch gijzeling wordt gevorderd. Recent hebben diverse kantonrechters en de Nationale Ombudsman deze praktijk bekritiseerd. Mede op basis van deze kritiek wordt voorgesteld om gijzeling achterwege te laten bij betalingsonmacht en in de overige gevallen gijzeling enkel te vorderen indien daar een gemotiveerde noodzaak toe is.
The Theoretical Model of Human – Weapon System
Authors: Dziopa Zbigniew , Zdeb Krzysztof 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Rapid firing of two bullets from the Skorpion submachine gun vz. 61 cal. 7,65 mm towards the target located at a distance of 25 [m] was registered at a police shooting range. The tests confirmed the opinion of the users regarding the presence of significant weapon dispersion. This undesirable effect prompted the authors to undertake work in order to improve the dynamic properties of weapons. Experimental studies provided information on the kinematics of movement of human - weapon system. On the basis of the courses of variation of displacement, velocity and acceleration over time, the behaviour of a machine gun in thirteen characteristic points of its operation was specified. The verification of bullet holes and analysis of recorded images showed a slight deviation of movement of the objects under examination from the vertical plane. Therefore, a physical model of human - weapon system with five degrees of freedom in the vertical plane was formulated. On the basis of the physical model, a mathematical model of human - weapon system was derived, which can be classified as linear, determined, variable over time, dissipative and constrained.
Pas Sage Planning for Ships Involved in an Incident and Seeking a Place of Refuge
Authors: Jurdziński Mirosław 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article defines the types of incidents suffered by ships which need to transit to an appropriate place of safety in order to improve their technical condition. It presents some information concerning the passage planning of ships involved in an incident and data used to assess the risk of such transit. Annex 2 presents a set of conventions concerning passage to a place of refuge.
Des outils multimédias en ligne pour apprendre des concepts enmathématiques
Authors: Racette Nicole , Sauvé Louise , Bégin Stéphanie 
Published: September 2016

SAMI-Persévérance est un dispositif d’aide en ligne qui offre, entre autres, des outils d’aide en mathématiques au niveau postsecondaire. Les étudiants peuvent accéder aux outils d’aide par les moyens suivants : par mots-clés, par carte conceptuelle ou par l’outil de dépistage des difficultés en mathématiques. Les données recueillies dans le dispositif révèlent que 4 773 choix d’outils d’aide ont été faits (par l’outil de dépistage dans 72 % des cas), 2 873 énoncés de difficultés ont été cochés, et deux questionnaires sur la dyscalculie ont présenté un résultat positif. Ces données laissent supposer que les étudiants ont apprécié ces outils qui leur ont permis de connaître leurs faiblesses et de mieux comprendre les notions de base en mathématiques.
Observation of magnetic resonance and Faraday rotation in a spinel ZnCr2Se4 single crystal in the terahertz region
Authors: Zhang Peng , Su Fuhai , Chen Xuliang , Zhang Shile , Mei Hongying , Yang Zhaorong , Dai Jianming , Pi Li 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The terahertz (THz) time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) of a ZnCr2Se4 single crystal has been performed under magnetic fields up to 9 Tesla at low temperatures. It was found that the magnetic resonance absorption originating from screw-spin-structure precession emerges in the THz region and evolves into ferromagnetic resonance absorption with the application of an external magnetic field. Benefiting from the phase- and polarization-sensitive detection technique of THz-TDS, the THz Faraday rotations of ZnCr2Se4 were observed in both time and frequency domains, whose temperature and magnetic field dependences manifest typical magnetic structure transitions.
Room-temperature laser annealing for solid-phase epitaxial crystallization of β-Ga2O3 thin films
Authors: Shiojiri Daishi , Fukuda Daiji , Yamauchi Ryosuke , Tsuchimine Nobuo , Koyama Koji , Kaneko Satoru , Matsuda Akifumi , Yoshimoto Mamoru 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The epitaxial crystallization of β-Ga2O3 thin films on NiO-buffered α-Al2O3(0001) substrates via the solid-phase crystallization of amorphous Ga2O3 thin films by KrF excimer laser annealing at room temperature (RT) was examined. The results of X-ray and reflection high-energy electron diffraction measurements indicated that the epitaxial β-Ga2O3

thin films were fabricated by RT laser annealing. The optical bandgap of the thin films was estimated to be 4.9 eV from the results of UV/vis transmittance measurements. In the cathodoluminescence spectrum, UV–green luminescence was observed for the thin films. These optical properties are similar to those of bulk β-Ga2O3.
Incorporation of terbium(III) ion into mesoporous silica particles
Authors: Kataoka Takuya , Wang Liyin , Kobayashi Kouhei , Nishikawa Masami , Tagaya Motohiro 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Terbium(III)-doped mesoporous silicas were synthesized, and the states of terbium ions in the silica frameworks were investigated. The mesopores were preserved upon doping at terbium ion molar concentrations relative to (Si+Tb) up to 15 mol %, indicating the interaction of terbium ions with Si–O bonds. Significant morphological changes of the particles were observed with increasing the doping concentration. The shapes of the photoluminescence spectra due to the transitions of 5D4 → 7F6 and 5D4 → 7F5 were indicative of the presence of terbium ions in the silica matrix, and the quantum efficiency (2.1–2.8%) and lifetime (1.6–1.9 ms) decreased with increasing the doping concentration up to 15 mol %. Therefore, the terbium ions are considered to be located inside the amorphous silica frameworks, where they electrostatically interact with the O atoms of silanol and siloxane groups.
Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by plasma irradiation
Authors: Kajita Shin , Yoshida Tomoko , Ohno Noriyasu , Ishida Tomoya , Kitaoka Daiki 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this study, plasma irradiations to titanium were conducted to enhance the photocatalytic activity of titanium oxide. When titanium is exposed to He plasmas, various morphology changes occur as forming nano-bubbles near the surface. Photocatalytic activity of the oxidized helium plasma irradiated titanium samples with nano-cones and microstructures were assessed by the hydrogen production from aqueous methanol solution. It is shown that the He plasma irradiation increases the photocatalytic activity more than double. Moreover, nitrogen mixture plasma irradiation to titanium (oxide) was conducted for doping nitrogen, which has been regarded as method to create visible light reactivity. It is shown from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis that nitrogen doping has been successfully conducted under specific conditions.
Fabrication and characterization of (111)-epitaxial Pb(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3/Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 artificial superlattice thin films
Authors: Yamada Tomoaki , Ebihara Youhei , Kiguchi Takanori , Sakata Osami , Morioka Hitoshi , Shimizu Takao , Funakubo Hiroshi , Konno Toyohiko J. , Yoshino Masahito , Nagasaki Takanori 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Artificial superlattice thin films consisting of two different compositions of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), which are in tetragonal and rhombohedral phases at room temperature in the bulk state, were grown on (111)
c
SrRuO3/(111)SrTiO3 by pulsed laser deposition. Fairly perfect periodicity with sharp interfaces was observed by X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the film with each layer of 5 nm thickness had a single-domain structure for both PZT layers, which would arise from the strong mechanical and electrical coupling between PZT layers. The fabricated superlattice thin films showed saturated P–E hysteresis curves. Larger electromechanical response was observed in the films with smaller layer thickness.
Core–shell structure and dielectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–SrZrO3 for high-temperature capacitors
Authors: Aman Sanshiro , Kubo Keiko , Akiba Hiroki , Iwanaga Daisuke 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The microstructure and dielectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–SrZrO3 were investigated. The dielectric constant is high and stable in a wide temperature range. The rate of change in dielectric constant is within ±10% in the temperature range from −55 to 200 °C. This effect is thought to be due to the core–shell structure composed of a K-rich shell and a Na-rich core, which have different Curie temperatures. This core–shell structure can be controlled on the basis of sintering temperature. The width of the K-rich shell of a sample sintered at 1250 °C is larger than that of a sample sintered at 1180 °C. In addition, the insulation resistance of this material is high at high temperatures. The specific resistance of this material is 109 Ω cm at 200 °C. This material can be used for high-temperature multilayer ceramic capacitors, which have stable capacitance and high reliability at high temperatures.
How much subsidence is enough to change the morphology of river deltas?
Authors: Liang Man , Kim Wonsuck , Passalacqua Paola 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the effect of subsidence on fluviodeltaic morphology is important not only to maintain sustainable coastal cities and habitats but also to interpret the information contained in the stratigraphic record. While tectonic steering in alluvial environments has been investigated, similar studies in fluviodeltaic environments are limited to physical experiments and field observations. We perform numerical experiments with a parcel‐based cellular model to analyze the deltaic surface and subsurface responses to regional subsidence. We quantify model results using robust metrics and show that while sediment partitioning and shoreline pattern vary gradually with increasing subsidence rate, channel mobility and stratigraphic connectivity of channel deposits show a threshold transition. Conditions for this transition are captured with a dimensionless filling index β, defined as the ratio between the rates of accommodation creation and sediment supply. A channel‐locking mechanism activates when β exceeds 0.6 and is responsible for the threshold transition.
Magnetic latitude dependence of oxygen charge states in the global magnetosphere: Insights into solar wind‐originating ion injection
Authors: Allen R. C. , Livi S. A. , Vines S. K. , Goldstein J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the sources and subsequent evolution of plasma in a magnetosphere holds intrinsic importance for magnetospheric dynamics. Previous studies have investigated the balance of ionospheric‐originating heavy ions (low charge state) from those of solar wind origin (high charge state) in the magnetosphere of Earth. These studies have suggested a variety of entry mechanisms for solar wind ions to penetrate into the magnetosphere. Following from recently published distributions for oxygen charge states observed by the Polar spacecraft, this paper investigates oxygen charge state flux distributions versus L shell and magnetic latitude. By showing these distributions in this frame, and binning by various proxies for magnetospheric dynamics (Dst, AE, VSW∗BZ, Pdyn), insight has been gained into the underlying physics at play for oxygen injection. Ionospheric‐originating oxygen is observed to depend predominantly on Dst, whereas solar wind‐originating oxygen is observed to have a strong dependence on solar wind dynamic pressure (Pdyn) at the flanks and on VSW∗BZ at the dayside. This suggests that both Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities and reconnection play major roles in solar wind ion penetration into a magnetosphere. Additionally, the near‐Earth magnetotail reconnection site does not seem to be a major injection site of solar wind‐originating plasma in the 1 to 200 keV/e energy range.