bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of cis-eQTL Effect Sizes Using a Log of Linear Model
Authors: Palowitch John , Shabalin Andrey , Zhou Yi-Hui , Nobel Andrew B. , Wright Fred A. 
Published: October 2017

Summary
The study of expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) is an important problem in genomics and biomedicine. While detection (testing) of eQTL associations has been widely studied, less work has been devoted to the estimation of eQTL effect size. To reduce false positives, detection methods frequently rely on linear modeling of rank-based normalized or log-transformed gene expression data. Unfortunately, these approaches do not correspond to the simplest model of eQTL action, and thus yield estimates of eQTL association that can be uninterpretable and inaccurate. In this article, we propose a new, log-of-linear model for eQTL action, termed ACME, that captures allelic contributions to cis-acting eQTLs in an additive fashion, yielding effect size estimates that correspond to a biologically coherent model of cis-eQTLs. We describe a non-linear least-squares algorithm to fit the model by maximum likelihood, and obtain corresponding p-values. We perform careful investigation of the model using a combination of simulated data and data from the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Our results reveal little evidence for dominance effects, a parsimonious result that accords with a simple biological model for allele-specific expression and supports use of the ACME model. We show that Type-I error is well-controlled under our approach in a realistic setting, so that rank-based normalizations are unnecessary. Furthermore, we show that such normalizations can be detrimental to power and estimation accuracy under the proposed model. We then show, through effect size analyses of whole-genome cis-eQTLs in the GTEx data, that using standard normalizations instead of ACME noticeably affects the ranking and sign of estimates.
Histopathological comparison of healing after maxillary sinus augmentation using xenograft mixed with autogenous bone versus allograft mixed with autogenous bone
Authors: Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , de Buitrago Juan G. , Padial‐Molina Miguel , Fernández‐Barbero Juan Emilio , Ata‐Ali Javier , O′Valle Francisco 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the clinical and histologic outcomes of two different grafting materials (allograft and xenograft) when combined with autogenous bone and covered with a collagen membrane for sinus augmentation.Material and MethodsA parallel case series of fourteen patients in need of a unilateral sinus augmentation was evaluated in this study. Seven patients received a graft composed by autologous cortical bone (ACB) and anorganic bovine bone in a ratio of 1:1; the other seven patients received ACB mixed with an allograft in the same ratio. Bone biopsies were obtained 6 months after sinus augmentation at the time of implant placement. Comparative histomorphometrical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted and statistically analyzed.ResultsAfter 12 months of functional loading, all implants in both groups were clinical and radiographically successful. Histomorphometrically, although the initial bone formation was not significantly different between groups (new mineralized tissue: 41.03(12.87)% vs. 34.50(13.18)%, p = .620; allograft vs. xenograft groups), the graft resorbed faster in the allograft group (remnant graft particles: 9.83[7.77]% vs. 21.71[17.88]%; p = .026; allograft vs. xenograft groups). Non‐mineralized tissue did not statistically differ either (49.00[14.32]% vs. 43.79[19.90]%; p = .710; allograft vs. xenograft groups). The histologic analyses revealed higher cellular content, four times more osteoid lines, and higher vascularization in the xenograft group. Musashi‐1 (mesenchymal stromal cell marker) was also more intensively expressed in the xenograft group (p = .019).ConclusionsBoth composite grafts generate adequate substratum to receive dental implants after healing. Compared with the xenograft composite, allograft composite shows faster turnover and a quicker decrease in biological action after 6 months.
Curiosity‐based learning in infants: a neurocomputational approach
Authors: Twomey Katherine E. , Westermann Gert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInfants are curious learners who drive their own cognitive development by imposing structure on their learning environment as they explore. Understanding the mechanisms by which infants structure their own learning is therefore critical to our understanding of development. Here we propose an explicit mechanism for intrinsically motivated information selection that maximizes learning. We first present a neurocomputational model of infant visual category learning, capturing existing empirical data on the role of environmental complexity on learning. Next we “set the model free”, allowing it to select its own stimuli based on a formalization of curiosity and three alternative selection mechanisms. We demonstrate that maximal learning emerges when the model is able to maximize stimulus novelty relative to its internal states, depending on the interaction across learning between the structure of the environment and the plasticity in the learner itself. We discuss the implications of this new curiosity mechanism for both existing computational models of reinforcement learning and for our understanding of this fundamental mechanism in early development.
Semi‐physiological model of postprandial triglyceride response in lean, obese and very obese individuals after a high‐fat meal
Authors: Leohr Jennifer , Heathman Michael , Kjellsson Maria C. 
Published: October 2017

AimsTo quantify the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response of chylomicrons and very‐low‐density lipoprotein‐V6 (VLDL‐V6) after a high‐fat meal in lean, obese and very obese healthy individuals, using a mechanistic population lipokinetic modelling approach.MethodsHealthy individuals from three body mass index population categories: lean (18.5‐24.9 kg/m2), obese (30‐33 kg/m2), and very obese (34‐40 kg/m2) were enrolled in a clinical study to assess the TG response after a high‐fat meal, containing 60% fat. Non‐linear mixed‐effect modelling was used to analyse the TG concentrations of chylomicrons and large VLDL‐V6 particles.ResultsThe TGs in chylomicrons and VLDL‐V6 particles had a prominent postprandial peak and represented the majority of the postprandial response; only the VLDL‐V6 showed a difference across the populations. A turn‐over model successfully described the TG concentration–time profiles of both chylomicrons and large VLDL‐V6 particles after the high‐fat meal. This model consisted of four compartments: two transit compartments for the lag between meal consumption and appearance of TGs in the blood, and one compartment each for the chylomicrons and large VLDL‐V6 particles. The rate constants for the production of chylomicrons and elimination of large VLDL‐V6 particles, along with the conversion rate of chylomicrons to large VLDL‐V6 particles were well defined.ConclusionsThis is the first lipokinetic model to describe the absorption of TGs from dietary fats into the blood stream and compares the dynamics of TGs in chylomicrons and large VLDL‐V6 particles among lean, obese and very obese people. Such a model can be used to identify where pharmacological therapies act, thereby improving the determination of efficacy, and identifying complementary mechanisms for combinational drug therapies.
Contribution of neurocognition to 18‐month employment outcomes in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Karambelas George J. , Cotton Sue M. , Farhall John , Killackey Eóin , Allott Kelly A. 
Published: October 2017

AimTo examine whether baseline neurocognition predicts vocational outcomes over 18 months in patients with first‐episode psychosis enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of Individual Placement and Support or treatment as usual.MethodsOne‐hundred and thirty‐four first‐episode psychosis participants completed an extensive neurocognitive battery. Principal axis factor analysis using PROMAX rotation was used to determine the underlying structure of the battery. Setwise (hierarchical) multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to examine predictors of (1) total hours employed over 18 months and (2) employment status, respectively. Neurocognition factors were entered in the models after accounting for age, gender, premorbid IQ, negative symptoms, treatment group allocation and employment status at baseline.ResultsFive neurocognitive factors were extracted: (1) processing speed, (2) verbal learning and memory, (3) knowledge and reasoning, (4) attention and working memory and (5) visual organization and memory. Employment status over 18 months was not significantly predicted by any of the predictors in the final model. Total hours employed over 18 months were significantly predicted by gender (P = .027), negative symptoms (P = .032) and verbal learning and memory (P = .040). Every step of the regression model was a significant predictor of total hours worked overall (final model: P = .013).ConclusionVerbal learning and memory, negative symptoms and gender were implicated in duration of employment in first‐episode psychosis. The other neurocognitive domains did not significantly contribute to the prediction of vocational outcomes over 18 months. Interventions targeting verbal memory may improve vocational outcomes in early psychosis.
Discovery of wood nesting by a subterranean halictine bee, Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) vulsum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Miyanaga Ryoichi , Maeta Yasuo , Ito Fuminori , Devkota Adhikari Radha 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn unusual nesting substrate of a subterranean halictine bee, Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) vulsum (Vachal), was found at Mt Ishizuchi‐san, Ehime, Japan. Two nests were obtained from a decaying log in a display sign for a local restaurant. Brood cells, forming a cell cluster, were constructed in a wood hollow with rotted wood fibers pressed together. Nests in the decaying log show the same structural elements as those made in soil. This is the first report of wood nesting by subterranean halictine bees belonging to the subgenus Evylaeus.
Structure of the food web including the endangered lycaenid butterfly Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Murata Kouhei , Tsuchiya Morimasa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe structure of the food web including the endangered lycaenid butterfly Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis (Matsumura) was analyzed to identify species contributing most to maintaining the equilibrium of the food web. Twenty‐seven species belonging to 17 families fed on Sophora flavescens Aiton, the host‐plant of S. divinus asonis: 15 species were leaf and stem feeders, seven (including S. divinus asonis) fed on flower buds, four were flower feeders and one fed on the seeds of So. flavescens. Of these 27 species, four were omnivores. The natural enemies of S. divinus asonis comprised six insect species, 11 spider species and one entomopathogenic fungus species, including six new predator records. The linkage density, total number of trophic links, connectance, average chain length and predator–prey ratio were 1.617, 97, 0.0548, 2.267 and 0.694, respectively. Exclusion of any of the 15 species with four or more trophic links reduced the connectance of the food web. These 15 species included facultative mutualistic attendant ants and predators of S. divinus asonis, herbivores to So. flavescens, an omnivore feeding on S. divinus asonis and So. flavescens, and prey insects. Therefore, future studies should monitor these 15 species.
Host‐associated divergence in the activity of digestive enzymes in two populations of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: Lazarević Jelica , Janković‐Tomanić Milena , Savković Uroš , Đorđević Mirko , Milanović Slobodan , Stojković Biljana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe gypsy moth is a generalist insect pest with an extremely wide host range. Adaptive responses of digestive enzymes are important for the successful utilization of plant hosts that differ in the contents and ratios of constituent nutrients and allelochemicals. In the present study, we examined the responses of α‐amylase, trypsin, and leucine aminopeptidase to two tree hosts (suitable oak, Quercus cerris, and unsuitable locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia) in the fourth, fifth, and sixth instars of gypsy moth larvae originating from oak and locust tree forest populations (hereafter assigned as Quercus and Robinia populations, respectively). Gypsy moths from the Robinia forest had been adapting to this unsuitable host for more than 40 generations. To test for population‐level host plant specialization, we applied a two‐population × two‐host experimental design. We compared the levels, developmental patterns, and plasticities of the activities of enzymes. The locust tree diet increased enzyme activity in the fourth instar and reduced activity in advanced instars of the Quercus larvae in comparison to the oak diet. These larvae also exhibited opposite developmental trajectories on the two hosts, i.e. activity increased on the oak diet and decreased on the locust tree diet with the progress of instar. Larvae of the Robinia population were characterized by reduced plasticity of enzyme activity and its developmental trajectories. In addition, elevated trypsin activity in response to an unsuitable host was observed in all instar larvae of the Robinia population, which demonstrated that Robinia larvae had an improved digestive performance than did Quercus larvae.
Transcriptome sequencing reveals abundant olfactory genes in the antennae of the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Liu Su , Wang Wen‐Long , Zhang Yu‐Xing , Zhang Bang‐Xian , Rao Xiang‐Jun , Liu Xiao‐Ming , Wang Dong‐Ming , Li Shi‐Guang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, is an important lepidopteran pest of rice in Asia. Insect olfactory proteins, including olfactory receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), are responsible for perception of sex pheromones and host plant volatiles, and thus regulate insect behavior. In the present study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted for C. medinalis antennae to identify genes involved in olfaction. A total of 45800 unigenes were assembled from the transcriptome dataset. Of these, 19696 (43.0%) unigenes were annotated by searching against the NCBI non‐redundant database. Functional classification of these unigenes were also conducted by using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) databases. We identified 90 putative olfactory genes (including 37 novel ones): 46 ORs, 15 IRs, 12 OBPs, 15 CSPs and two SNMPs. BLASTX best hit results indicated that these genes were most identical to their respective orthologs from other lepidopteran insects. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) assays were performed to investigate the expression profiles of newly identified OR genes. All of the OR genes were antennae‐specific or antennae‐enriched. Of these, CmedOR28 and CmedOR31 were mainly expressed in male antennae, while CmedOR27 and CmedOR32 were enriched in female antennae. Our results establish a solid foundation for future functional studies of these genes.
Effects of thiamethoxam and lambda‐cyhalothrin on spermatogenesis of Euschistus heros (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Aguiar Rachel Colauto Milanezi , Husch Patrícia Elizabeth , Gallo Raquel Bozini , Levy Sheila Michele , Vilas‐Bôas Laurival Antônio , Da Silva Carlos Roberto Maximiano , Sosa‐Gómez Daniel Ricardo , Da Rosa Renata 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEuschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798) is one of the most harmful insect pests damaging Brazilian soybean crops and has become a major problem due to its high population density and resistance to insecticides. Currently, there are no data on whether alterations of testicular morphology and chromosomal behavior are associated with the resistance mechanisms related to the action of insecticides. This study integrated analyses of the testicular morphology, meiocyte cell division, and chromosomal structure and behavior in the process of spermatogenesis in E. heros. We compared these features among wild‐caught individuals, insecticide‐susceptible and ‐resistant strains. The resistant strain was established through a selection experiment exposing the bugs to insecticides (thiamethoxam + lambda‐cyhalothrin) for 15 generations. No differences were detected in the examined features among the three groups of experimental individuals: the testis comprised six lobes, with the fifth lobe thinner than the others; the karyotype was 2n = 14 (12 + XY), with no evident changes in chromosomal breakage, rearrangement or behavior in the meiosis; and abundant spermatozoa were observed in all testicular lobes. Thus, any effects of the long‐term (15 generations) experimental selection by exposure to the insecticides were not detected on the male germinal tissue and chromosomes, suggesting the irrelevancy of the examined features to insecticide‐resistance mechanisms in E. heros.
Promoting Resilience with the ¡Unidos Se Puede! Program: An Example of Translational Research for Latino Families
Authors: Cox Ronald B. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo illustrate the use of T3 translational research in the development of a culturally appropriate intervention targeting Latino immigrant youth and their families.BackgroundDemographers estimate that 88% of U.S. population growth over the next 50 years will be from immigrants and their offspring. Much of this growth will come from individuals of Latino heritage. One reason for the lag in developing effective interventions for this rapidly expanding population is the inherent complexity that accompanies working with immigrant populations. In T3 translational research, much of this complexity is managed by generating research closer to the actual setting of practice. Investigators adopt a community‐based participatory research (CBPR) approach that incorporates practitioners, community stakeholders, and members of the target population to explore ways of applying recommendations from research for use in real‐world settings.MethodWe followed the development of the ¡Unidos Se Puede! (United We Can!) program to illustrate the process of T3 translational research with a Latino immigrant population.ResultsInitial program impact indicated a 29% increase in grade point average from Time 1 to Time 2, and absences and tardiness were reduced.ConclusionThe feasibility and acceptance of ¡Unidos Se Puede! implemented with Latino parents and youth offers evidence of usefulness of CBPR to address the complexity of translational research with immigrant populations.ImplicationsThere is an urgent need for T3 translational research that develops novel prevention approaches to help immigrant parents raise healthy and thriving children.
Effects of build orientation and thickness of allowance on the fatigue behaviour of 15–5 PH stainless steel manufactured by DMLS
Authors: Croccolo Dario , De Agostinis Massimiliano , Fini Stefano , Olmi Giorgio , Bogojevic Nebojsa , Ciric‐Kostic Snezana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study is focused on the fatigue strength of 15–5 PH stainless steel, built by Direct Metal Laser Sintering. Six‐specimen sets were manufactured, mechanically and thermally treated and tested under rotating bending fatigue. The study investigates the effects of the build orientation (parallel, perpendicular, or 45° inclined with respect to the vertical stacking direction) and of allowance for machining (1 mm or 3 mm at gage). The results, processed by an ANOVA methodology, indicate that allowance for machining has a beneficial effect on the fatigue response. Removing the surface irregularities, averagely leads to a 19% enhancement of the fatigue limit. The build orientation also becomes beneficial, when the slanted samples are included in the experiment. In this case, a fatigue strength increase up to 20% can be achieved. Further developments will include the investigation of the effects of heat and surface treatments, involving also further materials in the study.
Response surface optimisation of germination conditions to improve the accumulation of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity in quinoa
Authors: Paucar‐Menacho Luz María , Martínez‐Villaluenga Cristina , Dueñas Montserrat , Frias Juana , Peñas Elena 
Published: October 2017

SummaryGermination has been proposed as an economic approach to improve the content of bioactive compounds in pseudocereals. In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the impact of germination conditions on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of quinoa. The use of desirability methodology showed that the optimum conditions to maximise the content of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity in sprouted quinoa were 20 °C for 42 h. Sprouts produced under these conditions exhibited increases of 80% and 30% in TPC and antioxidant activity, respectively, compared to un‐germinated seeds, and contained high γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration. The nonsignificant lack‐of‐fit and high determination coefficients obtained confirmed the suitability of the predictive models developed for TPC and antioxidant activity, whilst the one obtained for GABA was not significant (R2 < 0.75) within the conditions studied. Sprouting under optimum conditions enhanced the content of both flavonoid and nonflavonoid compounds, being the increase in flavonoids more pronounced. Kaempferol‐O‐dirhamnosyl‐galactopyranose and quercetin‐O‐glucuronide were the compounds that experienced the most noticeable increase in quinoa after germination. In conclusion, this study provides useful information on the optimum germination conditions to improve the levels of health‐promoting compounds in quinoa.
Effect of aromatherapy massage on anxiety, depression, and physiologic parameters in older patients with the acute coronary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bahrami Tahereh , Rejeh Nahid , Heravi‐ Karimooi Majideh , Vaismoradi Mojtaba , Tadrisi Seyed Davood , Sieloff Christina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of aromatherapy massage on anxiety, depression, and physiologic parameters in older patients with acute coronary syndrome.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted on 90 older women with acute coronary syndrome. The participants were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups (n = 45). The intervention group received reflexology with lavender essential oil, but the control group only received routine care. Physiologic parameters, the levels of anxiety and depression in the hospital were evaluated using a checklist and the Hospital's Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively, before and immediately after the intervention.ResultsSignificant differences in the levels of anxiety and depression were reported between the groups after the intervention. The analysis of physiological parameters revealed a statistically significant reduction (P < .05) in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. However, no significant difference was observed in the respiratory rate.ConclusionsAromatherapy massage can be considered by clinical nurses an efficient therapy for alleviating psychological and physiological responses among older women suffering from acute coronary syndrome.