bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic Ability Detection of Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 Gene‐activated Nano Bone Putty by Reusable Double‐Cavity Bone Harvest Chamber
Authors: Sun Li , Yan Zhi‐hui , Yang Xian‐teng , Wang Tai‐zhe , Yang Qin , Li Sen‐lei , Nie Ying‐jie , Tian Xiao‐bin 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of implanting a self‐designed reusable double‐cavity bone harvest chamber into Guizhou mini‐pigs for observation of the osteogenic effect of human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (hBMP‐2) gene‐activated nano bone putty on bone in growth.MethodsEight healthy 12‐month‐old female Guizhou mini‐pigs were used for the present experiment. In the first operation, empty double‐cavity bone harvest chambers (n= 8) were implanted into the femoral metaphysis of the animals as a blank control group. In the second operation, the femoral metaphyses were implanted with the chambers filled by the nano bone putty+hBMP‐2 plasmid in one cavity and nothing in the other cavity, respectively (experiment group,n= 8). The time interval between every operation was 3 months. The cavity materials were retrieved and replaced for assessment by gross observation, histological examination, and bone morphology metrology analysis to compare osteogenesis ability and alkaline phosphatase.ResultsThree months after surgery, the nano bone putty+hBMP‐2 plasmid in one cavity of the chambers had hard gray and white tissues inside, while the cavities pre‐installed with nothing were filled with soft brown tissues. Light microscopy showed new generated bone tissue around the filled material, but only fibrous tissues in the empty cavities. Osteogenesis ability and alkaline phosphatase of the nano bone putty+hBMP‐2 plasmid group were significantly higher than those of the blank control group (P< 0.05).ConclusionThe reusable double‐cavity bone harvest chamber can be used to observe the osteogenic potential of the hBMP‐2 gene‐activated nano bone putty.
Staged Management of Missed Lisfranc Injuries: A Report of Short‐term Results
Authors: Feng Pin , Li Ya‐xing , Li Jia , Ouyang Xiang‐yu , Deng Wei , Chen Yu , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveLisfranc joint injury is a rare injury and can be easily missed at the initial treatment. Once ignored, late reduction is very difficult and requires extensive dissection. Surgical outcome is not as good as in the case of an early reduction. The aim of this cohort study was to analyze the midterm clinical and radiographic outcomes of staged reduction and fixation in a consecutive series of patients with old Lisfranc injuries.MethodsFifteen patients (16 feet) with missed Lisfranc injuries were treated with staged reduction. Mean duration between injury and surgery was 4.8 months (3–8 months). In the first stage, an external fixator was applied across the Lisfranc joint or/and Chopart joint and distraction was done at 1–2 mm/day. In the second staged, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were done and we were able to reduce all the fractures and dislocations.ResultsThe mean duration between two surgeries was 3.2 weeks (range, 2.5–4.5 weeks). Anatomic reduction was obtained in all 15 patients. At the last follow‐up point, 7 feet had good functional results, 5 feet fair, and 4 feet poor functional results. In the 4 patients who achieved poor functional results, 2 cases were due to severe injuries to the articular surface and tissue scaring; 2 cases were due to loss of reduction. For the 4 feet with poor functional results, 2 were scheduled for secondary arthrodesis during the follow‐up. The average American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Midfoot Scale (AOFAS) scores for these patients were 75.8 points (range, 43–98 points). The pain visual analog scale (VAS) was 3.1 points at the final follow‐up.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that staged reduction and extra‐articular fixation should be considered for old Lisfranc injuries with a good reduction, firm stability, and low risk of intraoperative fracture and soft tissue complications.
The Effect of Gabapentin on Delayed Discharge from the Postanesthesia Care Unit: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Naveed T. , Yousefzadeh Amir , Yousuf Maaz , Kumar Dileep , Choudhry Farah K. , Friedman Zeev 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery programs has incorporated gabapentin as part of a multimodal analgesia protocol. The preemptive use of gabapentin was found to be beneficial due to its opioid‐sparing effect. However, excessive sedation and delayed discharge from postanesthesia recovery units are of concern. The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative gabapentin increased the length of stay in the recovery unit.MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study was carried out over a period of 2 months in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) of a tertiary care hospital in Canada. Two hundred and twenty‐eight consecutive patients who underwent elective surgical procedures and who required a longer than 2‐hour stay in the PACU were included. Prolonged stays caused by respiratory inadequacy, hemodynamic instability, nausea, vomiting, pain, and loss of consciousness were recorded. The data were collected from patients’ charts and nursing flow sheets.ResultsAll patients were grouped into those who received 300 mg gabapentin (n = 108), 600 mg gabapentin (n = 41), and no gabapentin (n = 139). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of opioid consumption, respiratory inadequacy, nausea, vomiting, and hemodynamic parameters. Gabapentin administration groups had significantly lower postoperative pain scores (P < 0.001). Decreased level of consciousness occurred significantly more often in a dose‐dependent fashion in the gabapentin groups and led to a longer stay in the PACU (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn the setting of enhanced recovery after surgery, gabapentin did reduce pain scores, but at the cost of delayed discharge from the recovery room. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin in this setting.
Antigenic Drift Defines a New D4 Subgenotype of Measles Virus
Authors: Muñoz-Alía Miguel Ángel , Muller Claude P. , Russell Stephen J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
The measles virus hemagglutinin (MeV-H) protein is the main target of protective neutralizing antibodies. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize known major antigenic sites in MeV-H, we identified a D4 genotype variant that escapes neutralization by MAbs targeting the neutralizing epitope (NE) antigenic site. By site-directed mutagenesis, L249P was identified as the critical mutation disrupting the NE in this genotype D4 variant. Forty-two available D4 genotype gene sequences were subsequently analyzed and divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of the L249P MeV-H mutation. Further analysis of the MeV-N gene sequences of these 2 groups confirmed that they represent clearly definable, sequence-divergent D4 subgenotypes, which we named subgenotypes D4.1 and D4.2. The subgenotype D4.1 MeVs were isolated predominantly in Kenya and Ethiopia, whereas the MAb-resistant subgenotype D4.2 MeVs were isolated predominantly in France and Great Britain, countries with higher vaccine coverage rates. Interestingly, D4.2 subgenotype viruses showed a trend toward diminished susceptibility to neutralization by human sera pooled from approximately 60 to 80 North American donors. Escape from MAb neutralization may be a powerful epidemiological surveillance tool to monitor the evolution of new MeV subgenotypes.

IMPORTANCE
Measles virus is a paradigmatic RNA virus, as the antigenic composition of the vaccination has not needed to be updated since its discovery. The vaccine confers protection by inducing neutralizing antibodies that interfere with the function of the hemagglutinin protein. Viral strains are indistinguishable serologically, although characteristic nucleotide sequences differentiate 24 genotypes. In this work, we describe a distant evolutionary branch within genotype D4. Designated subgenotype D4.2, this virus is distinguishable by neutralization with vaccine-induced monoclonal antibodies that target the neutralizing epitope (NE). The subgenotype D4.2 viruses have a higher predominance in countries with intermediary levels of vaccine coverage. Our studies demonstrate that subgenotype D4.2 lacks epitopes associated with half of the known antigenic sites, which significantly impacts our understanding of measles virus evolution.
Successful long-term weight loss among participants with diabetes receiving an intervention promoting an adapted Mediterranean-style dietary pattern: the Heart Healthy Lenoir Project
Authors: Embree Genevieve G R , Samuel-Hodge Carmen D , Johnston Larry F , Garcia Beverly A , Gizlice Ziya , Evenson Kelly R , DeWalt Darren A , Ammerman Alice S , Keyserling Thomas C 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo examine weight change by diabetes status among participants receiving a Mediterranean-style diet, physical activity, and weight loss intervention adapted for delivery in the southeastern USA, where rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are disproportionately high.Research design and methodsThe intervention included: Phase I (months 1–6), an individually tailored intervention promoting a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern and increased walking; Phase II (months 7–12), option of a 16-week weight loss intervention for those with BMI≥25 kg/m2offered as 16 weekly group sessions or 5 group sessions and 10 phone calls, or a lifestyle maintenance intervention; and Phase III (months 13–24), weight loss maintenance intervention for those losing ≥8 pounds with all others receiving a lifestyle maintenance intervention. Weight change was assessed at 6, 12, and 24-month follow-up.ResultsBaseline characteristics (n=339): mean age 56, 77% female, 65% African-American, 124 (37%) with diabetes; mean weight 103 kg for those with diabetes and 95 kg for those without. Among participants with diabetes, average weight change was −1.2 kg (95% CI −2.1 to −0.4) at 6 months (n=92), −1.5 kg (95% CI −2.9 to −0.2) at 12 months (n=96), and −3.7 kg (95% CI −5.2 to −2.1) at 24 months (n=93). Among those without diabetes, weight change was −0.4 kg (95% CI −1.4 to 0.6) at 24 months (n=154).ConclusionsParticipants with diabetes experienced sustained weight loss at 24-month follow-up. High-risk US populations with diabetes may experience clinically important weight loss from this type of lifestyle intervention.Trial registration numberNCT01433484.
Patients' reports of adverse events: a data linkage study of Australian adults aged 45 years and over
Authors: Walton Merrilyn Margaret , Harrison Reema , Kelly Patrick , Smith-Merry Jennifer , Manias Elizabeth , Jorm Christine , Iedema Rick 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundUnderstanding a patient's hospital experience is fundamental to improving health services and policy, yet, little is known about their experiences of adverse events (AEs). This study redresses this deficit by investigating the experiences of patients in New South Wales hospitals who suffered an AE.MethodsData linkage was used to identify a random sample of 20 000 participants in the 45 and Up Cohort Study, out of 267 153 adults aged 45 years and over, who had been hospitalised in the prior 6 months. A cross-sectional survey was administered to these patients to capture their experiences, including whether they had an AE and received honest communication about it.ResultsOf the 18 993 eligible participants, 7661 completed surveys were received (40% response rate) and 474 (7%) reported having an AE. Most AEs related to clinical processes and procedures (33%), or medications and intravenous fluids (21%). Country of birth and admission through emergency were significant predictors of the occurrence of an event. An earlier admission in the prior 6 months or a transfer to another healthcare facility was also associated with more AEs. Of those who suffered an AE, 58% reported serious or moderate effects.ConclusionsGiven the exclusions in our sample population (under 45 years), the AE rate reported by patients of 7% is similar to the approximately 10% rate reported in the general population by retrospective medical record reviews. AE data that include patient experience may provide contextual information currently missing. Capturing and using patient experience data more effectively is critical; there may be opportunities for applying co-design methodology to improve the management of AEs and be more responsive to patients' concerns.
A theoretical model study on interplay between Coulomb potential and lattice energy in graphene-on-substrate
Authors: Sahu Sivabrata , Rout G. C. 
Published: March 2017

The graphene-on-substrates breaks the sub-lattice symmetry leading to the opening of a small gap. The small band gaps can be enhanced by electron–phonon interactions by keeping strongly polarized superstrate on graphene. To describe the band gap opening in graphene, we propose a tight-binding model Hamiltonian taking into account of third-nearest-neighbor electron-hoppings. We introduce repulsive Coulomb interaction at two sub-lattices of graphene. Further, we consider phonon coupling to the electron densities centered at two sub-lattices in the presence of phonon vibration with a single frequency. For high frequency phonons, the present interaction represents the Holstein interaction. Applying Lang–Firsov canonical transformation in the high phonon-frequency limit, we calculate the modified Coulomb interaction and the effective hopping integral which are functions of electron–phonon coupling, phonon-frequency and nearest-neighbor electron-hopping integral. The electron Green’s functions are calculated by Zubarevs technique. The electron occupancies at two sub-lattices for up and down spins are calculated and computed self-consistently. Finally, we calculate the modulated substrate induced gap of graphene-on-substrate, which is computed numerically for [Formula: see text] grid points for electron momentum. We have studied the interplay of Coulomb interaction, electron–phonon interaction in high phonon-frequency limit. The maximum band gap achieved due to the interplay is nearly 67% more than the substrate induced gap. To achieve this condition, one requires low Coulomb energy for low frequency phonon, while one needs high Coulomb interaction and high electron–phonon interaction of a given lattice vibration frequency. For given electron–phonon interaction and phonon-frequency, the modified gap is enhanced throughout the temperature range with increase of Coulomb interaction.
Raising the pressure: Hemodynamic effects of splanchnic nerve stimulation
Authors: Fudim Marat , Yalamuri Suraj , Herbert J. Taylor , Liu Peter R. , Patel Manesh R. , Sandler Aaron 
Published: March 2017

A number of cardiovascular and neurological diseases are characterized by a dysregulation of intravascular volume distribution. The veins and arteries of the visceral organs form the so-called splanchnic vascular compartment and are the largest reservoir for intravascular blood. The blood localized in the splanchnic compartment can be mobilized in and out of the compartment via passive compression or active neurohormonal recruitment. We studied the hemodynamic effects of splanchnic nerve stimulation during five cases of irreversible electroporation (IRE) in patients with pancreatic cancer. In IRE, repeated bursts of high-voltage electrical fields are applied to visceral beds for >1 min, which induces rapid increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. We present the first analysis into the hemodynamic changes with splanchnic nerve stimulation and explore potential mechanisms of the hyperdynamic state. Our analysis presents the first human report of splanchnic nerve stimulation to induce hypertension and volume redistribution, introducing the splanchnic nerves as a key component of cardiovascular regulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our case series provides the first detailed description of human hemodynamic effects with splanchnic nerve stimulation. Splanchnic nerve stimulation results in profound hemodynamic alteration with rapid onset of hypertension and blood mobilization.
Moving slowly is hard for humans: limitations of dynamic primitives
Authors: Park Se-Woong , Marino Hamal , Charles Steven K. , Sternad Dagmar , Hogan Neville 
Published: March 2017

Mounting evidence suggests that human motor control uses dynamic primitives, attractors of dynamic neuromechanical systems that require minimal central supervision. However, advantages for control may be offset by compromised versatility. Extending recent results showing that humans could not sustain discrete movements as duration decreased, this study tested whether smoothly rhythmic movements could be maintained as duration increased. Participants performed horizontal movements between two targets, paced by sounds with intervals that increased from 1 to 6 s by 200 ms per cycle and then decreased again. The instruction emphasized smooth rhythmic movements without interspersed dwell times. We hypothesized that 1) when oscillatory motions slow down, smoothness decreases; 2) slower oscillatory motions are executed as submovements or even discrete movements; and 3) the transition between smooth oscillations and submovements shows hysteresis. An alternative hypothesis was that 4) removing visual feedback restores smoothness, indicative of visually evoked corrections causing the irregularity. Results showed that humans could not perform slow and smooth oscillatory movements. Harmonicity decreased with longer intervals, and dwell times between cycles appeared and became prominent at slower speeds. Velocity profiles showed an increase with cycle duration of the number of overlapping submovements. There was weak evidence of hysteresis in the transition between these two types of movement. Eliminating vision had no effect, suggesting that intermittent visually evoked corrections did not underlie this phenomenon. These results show that it is hard for humans to execute smooth rhythmic motions very slowly. Instead, they “default” to another dynamic primitive and compose motion as a sequence of overlapping submovements. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Complementing a large body of prior work showing advantages of composing primitives to manage the complexity of motor control, this paper uncovers a limitation due to composition of behavior from dynamic primitives: while slower execution frequently makes a task easier, there is a limit and it is hard for humans to move very slowly. We suggest that this remarkable limitation is not due to inadequacies of muscle, nor to slow neural communication, but is a consequence of how the control of movement is organized.
Cancer Immunotherapy: Whence and Whither
Authors: Stambrook Peter J. , Maher John , Farzaneh Farzin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe current concepts and practice of cancer immunotherapy evolved from classical experiments that distinguished "self" from "non-self" and the finding that humoral immunity is complemented by cellular immunity. Elucidation of the biology underlying immune checkpoints and interactions between ligands and ligand receptors that govern the immune system's ability to recognize tumor cells as foreign has led to the emergence of new strategies that mobilize the immune system to reverse this apparent tolerance. Some of these approaches have led to new therapies such as the use of mAbs to interfere with the immune checkpoint. Others have exploited molecular technologies to reengineer a subset of T cells to directly engage and kill tumor cells, particularly those of B-cell malignancies. However, before immunotherapy can become a more effective method of cancer care, there are many challenges that remain to be addressed and hurdles to overcome. Included are manipulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance T effector cell infiltration and access to the tumor, augmentation of tumor MHC expression for adequate presentation of tumor associated antigens, regulation of cytokines and their potential adverse effects, and reduced risk of secondary malignancies as a consequence of mutations generated by the various forms of genetic engineering of immune cells. Despite these challenges, the future of immunotherapy as a standard anticancer therapy is encouraging. Mol Cancer Res; 15(6); 635–50. ©2017 AACR.
History of Periodontitis Diagnosis and Edentulism as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: LaMonte Michael J. , Genco Robert J. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Wallace Robert B. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Michaud Dominique S. , Mai Xiaodan , Tinker Lesley F. , Salazar Christian R. , Andrews Christopher A. , Li Wenjun , Eaton Charles B. , Martin Lisa W. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean 
Published: March 2017

Background

Few studies have reported associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) risk in older women, which is the objective of the present investigation.

Methods and Results

Participants were 57 001 postmenopausal women ages 55 to 89 years (mean 68 years; >85% 60 and older) who were enrolled (1993–1998) in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, and were without known
CVD
when history of periodontitis and edentulism was assessed by questionnaire at study Year‐5 (1998–2003). There were 3589 incident
CVD
events and 3816 total deaths during a mean follow‐up of 6.7 years. In multivariable analysis, periodontitis was not associated with
CVD
events, but was associated with higher total mortality (hazard ratio (
HR
)=1.12, 95%
CI
: 1.05–1.21). Edentulism was associated with higher age‐ and smoking‐adjusted risks of
CVD
(
HR
=1.42, 95%
CI
: 1.27–1.59) and mortality (
HR
=1.47, 95%
CI
: 1.32–1.63). Further adjustment eliminated the association with
CVD
, but mortality remained significantly increased (
HR
=1.17, 95%
CI
: 1.02–1.33). Stratification on age, race‐ethnicity, smoking, and diabetes mellitus yielded comparable results; however, edentulism was more strongly associated with
CVD
in women reporting ≥1 dental visit (
HR
=1.57) compared with <1 visit (
HR
1.03, interaction
P
=0.004) annually.

Conclusions

In community‐dwelling older women, edentulism was associated with increased risks of
CVD
and total mortality, and presence of periodontitis, which is more prevalent than edentulism, was associated with 17% higher mortality rate. These findings suggest that improving periodontal condition of the general population could reduce overall mortality.