bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic ultrasound technique to measure angle of progression during labor
Authors: Conversano F. , Peccarisi M. , Pisani P. , Di Paola M. , De Marco T. , Franchini R. , Greco A. , D'Ambrogio G. , Casciaro S. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy and reliability of an automatic ultrasound technique for assessment of the angle of progression (AoP) during labor.MethodsThirty‐nine pregnant women in the second stage of labor, with fetus in cephalic presentation, underwent conventional labor management with additional translabial sonographic examination. AoP was measured in a total of 95 acquisition sessions, both automatically by an innovative algorithm and manually by an experienced sonographer, who was blinded to the algorithm outcome. The results obtained from the manual measurement were used as the reference against which the performance of the algorithm was assessed. In order to overcome the common difficulties encountered when visualizing by sonography the pubic symphysis, the AoP was measured by considering as the symphysis landmark its centroid rather than its distal point, thereby assuring high measurement reliability and reproducibility, while maintaining objectivity and accuracy in the evaluation of progression of labor.ResultsThere was a strong and statistically significant correlation between AoP values measured by the algorithm and the reference values (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). The high accuracy provided by the automatic method was also highlighted by the corresponding high values of the coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.98) and the low residual errors (root mean square error = 2°27′ (2.1%)). The global agreement between the two methods, assessed through Bland–Altman analysis, resulted in a negligible mean difference of 1°1′ (limits of agreement, 4°29′).ConclusionsThe proposed automatic algorithm is a reliable technique for measurement of the AoP. Its (relative) operator‐independence has the potential to reduce human errors and speed up ultrasound acquisition time, which should facilitate management of women during labor. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
EEG Abnormalities in Different Types of Criminal Behavior
Authors: Zukov Ilja , Ptacek Radek , Fischer Slavomil 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Electroencephalographic abnormalities in psychopathic personalities and in forensic population were reported in many EEG studies but at this time the problem presents still unresolved question. Within this context aim of this study is to present findings of several EEG abnormalities in different types of criminal behavior in comparison to healthy controls. Studied sample included four groups. The first group (n=20) included offenders of violent criminal activity evaluated as impulsive, non-deliberate, affectively motivated and affectively aggressive. The second, control group (n=20) included individuals who committed no criminal activity and has no mental disorder. The third group (n=20) included violently deliberately behaving delinquents and the fourth group (n=20) included delinquents performing property criminal activities, non-violent and non-impulsive.
An EEG abnormality was found in 70 % of subjects. Multiple abnormalities were found in 35% of the subjects. In non-impulsive delinquents higher rate of EEG abnormalities were found (30 % and multiple abnormalities in 5 %). Other groups i.e. thefts and the control group show no significant EEG changes. In summary, the results show the highest occurrence of EEG abnormalities in the group of impulsive criminals. The results are in agreement with previous findings that did not find specific EEG signs in different types of criminal behavior exception of impulsive aggressive criminals.
Physical versus Social Fear: A Fundamental Dichotomy
Authors: Longin Estelle , Chammat Mariam , Chapouthier Georges , Jouvent Roland 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this review we scrutinize the differences between two aspects of fear: physical fear and social fear. Based on the cognitive and behavioural differences in panic disorder and social phobia we try to correlate cerebral structures implicated in both kinds of fear. We study the neocortical control mechanisms over physical fear that render social fear more channelled. We also try to understand the dynamics and evolutionary origins of each, knowing that physical fear is more immediate while social fear has more social and evolved characteristics.
The Two High Levels of Self- Identification in Relationships to Consciousness, Social Motives and Brain Laterality
Authors: Rotenberg Vadim S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The goal of this article is to discuss the difference between the two highest forms of self-identification–Self-Concept and Self-Image and the relationships between both of these forms, their relations to consciousness and to social motivations as well as to the functions of left and right frontal lobe. I suggest that Self-Image being out of consciousness contains nevertheless conscious attitudes and represents Super-consciousness. However, I will start with the lower level of self-identification that represents a predisposition to the development of higher forms.
Dissociation, Epileptiform Discharges and Chaos in the Brain: Toward a Neuroscientific Theory of Dissociation
Authors: Bob Petr 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDissociated states represent pathological conditions when psychological trauma may emerge in a variety of forms such as psychic dissociative symptoms or, on the contrary, as paroxysms or other somatoform symptoms. There is evidence that epileptic activity plays an important role in the generation of dissociative states and it is able to generate various psychopathological processes as well as a wide spectrum of somatic symptoms or seizures. For the explanation of these connections between dissociative states and epileptic discharges the author proposes a neuroscientific model of dissociation based on the theory of competitive neural assemblies which can lead to chaotic self-organization in brain neural networks. This model is suggested as an integrative view interconnecting the various psychopathological and somatoform manifestations of dissociative states and suggests further possibilities for future research regarding common pathogenic mechanisms among epilepsy and mental disorders.
The Origins of Anxiety, Panic and Rage Attacks
Authors: Janov Arthur 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis is a report of clinical observations over forty five years. We describe the difference between limbic fear versus brainstem terror. The earlier a patient relives events from childhood, and infancy, the deeper into the brain he may reach. In the process, the affective responses become more exaggerated; for example, mild hopelessness becomes suicidal hopelessness, fear becomes terror, and anger becomes rage. The responses become more primitive as they emanate from a brain that is more primitive; older and pre-human. (Janov), (2011) That primitive brain inside of us provides all of the responses that existed hundreds of millions of years ago. In some respects we are still that alligator or shark with no pity or remorse, just instinct. Those primitive responses are pre-emotion, before mammalian caring and concern evolved, and they do allow us to murder when evoked. They also permit panic attacks which evolved to be life-saving in situations where rapid and vigorous responses meant survival. A person responding with rage or terror is overwhelmed by his brainstem activity and is reacting exactly like the alligator does. These deep and early processes have largely been ignored in clinical work and must be revisited.
Principle of Dissolution and Primitive Reflexes in AD HD
Authors: Konicarova Jana , Bob Petr 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAccording to current findings, in the history of neurology proposed by Hughlings Jackson, certain later developed functions during ontogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) tend to replace the older ones. In this context, recent and historical findings suggest that certain later developed cognitive and motor functions during brain ontogenesis related to higher levels of coordination tend to replace the older ones and their persistence is linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Particularly important functional disturbances in ADHD developed early in life likely linked to dissolution process are balance deficits linked to dysfunctions of higher levels of coordination related to neurophysiological and mental functions that typically occur in ADHD. In this context, recent data suggest that one of the important aspects of normal development that may play a role in ADHD is suppression of the so-called primitive reflexes. Taken together these data suggest that ADHD symptoms may present a compensatory process related to interference of more primitive neural mechanism, as related to primitive reflexes, with higher levels of brain functions linked to coordination and balance due to insufficiently developed cognitive and motor integration.
Auditory ERPs in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Holeckova Irena , Cepicka Ladislav , Mautner Pavel , Stepanek David , Moucek Roman 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate and compare the auditory attention performance of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and normally developing children (NDC) using cognitive evoked potentials (ERPs) in passive conditions. ERPs data showed that children with DCD have less ability to detect small physical differences between acoustic stimuli (no MMN response in DCD children) and have a reduced attentional engagement and stimulus evaluation of salient stimuli (a reduction of P3 amplitude in DCD children). The results of our study suggest that children with DCD do not only suffer from a visuospatial attention deficit as previous studies reported but also have auditory attention deficit.
Trauma, Dissociation and Synthetic Metacognition in Schizophrenia
Authors: Pec Ondrej , Bob Petr , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Both childhood trauma and dissociation are associated with schizophrenia. More rudimentary form of dissociation known already from Eugen Bleuler as splitting of association is theoretically close to the modern concept of synthetic metacognition in schizophrenia. The synthetic metacognition as a psychological process is described as a capability to synthesize intentions, thoughts, feelings, and connections between events, and to integrate them into larger complex representations of self and others. Disturbed synthetic metacognition was found in early as well as in late forms of schizophrenia and has its typical formula. Deficit of synthetic metacognition is related to symptoms of schizophrenia and psychosocial functions. Synthetic metacognition is measurable by analyzing discourse using standardized procedures. The level of metacognition is assessed from the sample of narrative on the basis of the Metacognitive Assessment Scale — Abbreviated (MAS-A). Psychotherapies focused on strengthening of metacognitive functions concentrate on integration of fragmented mental content or on promoting of formation of stable mental representations in this disorder.
Relationship of Body Image and Self-Esteem in Adolescents with Different Types of Constitutional Development: Preliminary Results
Authors: Tiunova Alona 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This study evaluated the peculiarities of relationships of body image and self-esteem of Ukrainian adolescents with different types of constitutional development. In a school-based cross-sectional survey, a total of 250 adolescents were recruited. They filled out self-completing questionnaires on body image, body parts ranking, self-esteem, personal qualities and related factors. The results suggest that body image in the consciousness of a teenager defines his personal characteristics, level of self-esteem, the scope of internal conflicts and specific features of emotional reactions on the environment.
Clinical Observation On Palipeddone Sustained Release Tablet In The Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Xiong Dian-Zhang , Yuan Yu-Ru , Gao Rong , Wang Qing , Chang Wen-Pin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADR) of palipeddone sustained release tablet in the treatment of schizophrenia in outpatients. Outpatients with schizophrenia treated with palipeddone sustained release tablet (observation group)in our hospital from Apr. to Sep. in 2009 were followed up and compared with those treated with risperidone (control group) during the same period. PANSS and TESS were applied to evaluate efficacy and ADR. Results suggest that the cure rates were 42.4% for control group and 49.6% for observation group. The effective rates were 74.8% for control group and 80.3% for observation group (P<0.05). As compared with control group, observation group showed slightly ADR with low frequency. In summary palipeddone sustained release tablet which has sound effect on schizophrenia with slightly ADR suits for outpatient treatment.
Communication Without Consciousness: The Theory of Brain-Sign
Authors: Clapson Philip 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Despite developments in neuroscience, consciousness is unidentified in the brain. Moreover there is no scientific definition of what it is or does. This paper proposes that consciousness is not a scientific category. However, by ‘postulating’ consciousness as self-explanation, the brain can communicate with other brains in collective action. But the brain can generate a more plausible self-description as brainsign. There are two foundational tenets. (1) Brain-sign arises from the brain’s interpretation of its causal orientation towards the world at each moment, and is ‘apparent’ as the world; and (2) It facilitates communication between brains about the world in collective action which is uncertain or imprecise. It is therefore grounded in the brain’s bio-physical operation. Signs are ubiquitous bio-physical states, but they are not causal for the hosting organism. The paper contrasts brain-sign with consciousness both as theory, and in empirical findings. Brain-sign is the source of all theories, including itself.
How Many Ways to Deal With Stress? Stress coping factors in the SVF 78
Authors: Balcar Karel , Trnka Radek , Kuška Martin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCoping strategies belong undoubtedly to the most relevant variables for human performance and health. The Stress Coping Style Questionnaire SVF 78 has previously received critical remarks for the lack of theoretical foundations and unclear interrelationships between included strategies of coping. The present study verifies the factor structure of SVF 78 using exploratory factor analysis in a sample of 187 Czech undergraduates. Four common factors were extracted, interpreted and compared with the 3- and 5-factor solutions of the same data and with other studies analyzing local versions of the SVF Questionnaire in other countries. The results support methodological usefulness of using common factor scores instead of only empirically constructed stress coping questionnaire scales, particularly for research purposes.
Novel Odd‐Chain Fatty Acids with a Terminal Double Bond in Ovaries of the Limpet Cellana toreuma
Authors: Kawashima Hideki , Ohnishi Masao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOur previous study characterized highly diverse dienoic fatty acids (FA), in particular an uncommon non‐methylene‐interrupted (NMI) FA, in the ovaries of the Japanese limpet Cellana toreuma belonging to the archaeogastropods, but many minor chemically unidentified FA remain. In this study, among previously unidentified FA (less than 0.1% of total FA), four novel NMI FA with a terminal double bond [7,18‐nonadecadienoic (19:2Δ7,18), 11,18‐nonadecadienoic (19:2Δ11,18), 7,20‐heneicosadienoic (21:2Δ7,20), and 11,20‐heneicosadienoic (21:2Δ11,20) acids] were found, along with known 14‐pentadecenoic (15:1Δ14), 16‐heptadecenoic (17:1Δ16), and 9,18‐nonadecadienoic (19:2Δ9,18) acids, based on capillary GC–MS of their methyl esters, 3‐pyridylcarbinol derivatives, and argentation thin‐layer chromatography. From our findings, possible biosynthetic pathways for the novel FA are discussed.
Reference standard space hippocampus labels according to the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium–Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative harmonized protocol: Utility in automated volumetry
Authors: Wolf Dominik , Bocchetta Martina , Preboske Gregory M. , Boccardi Marina , Grothe Michel J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionA harmonized protocol (HarP) for manual hippocampal segmentation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently been developed by an international European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium–Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative project. We aimed at providing consensual certified HarP hippocampal labels in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standard space to serve as reference in automated image analyses.MethodsManual HarP tracings on the high‐resolution MNI152 standard space template of four expert certified HarP tracers were combined to obtain consensual bilateral hippocampus labels. Utility and validity of these reference labels is demonstrated in a simple atlas‐based morphometry approach for automated calculation of HarP‐compliant hippocampal volumes within SPM software.ResultsIndividual tracings showed very high agreement among the four expert tracers (pairwise Jaccard indices 0.82–0.87). Automatically calculated hippocampal volumes were highly correlated (rL/R = 0.89/0.91) with gold standard volumes in the HarP benchmark data set (N = 135 MRIs), with a mean volume difference of 9% (standard deviation 7%).ConclusionThe consensual HarP hippocampus labels in the MNI152 template can serve as a reference standard for automated image analyses involving MNI standard space normalization.
The explore–exploit tension: A case study of organizing in a professional services firm
Authors: Smith Aaron C. T. , Gilbert David H. , Sutherland Fiona 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article reports on a case study of a decade-long organizing forms response to the need for groundbreaking innovation while maintaining existing operational performance – the explore–exploit conundrum. Employing ‘grounded research,’ data were collected on the experiences of the Asia-Pacific arm of a multinational professional service firm’s key decision-makers, innovators and entrepreneurs. The findings reveal a three-tiered organizing forms response to the explore–exploit paradox, characterized by a novel combination of heavy exploitation-driven actions alongside deep exploration projects. This case suggests that one successful approach to delivering on both explore and exploit focuses on a productive tension that emerges by enacting innovative organizing forms with contextual awareness. This productive tension was sufficiently powerful to impel individuals to innovate, but also sufficiently contained to avoid interfering with commercial outcomes. An explore–exploit framework conceptualizes organizational changes incorporating complexity and contradiction, without the implicit emphasis on removing or denying the existing tension.
Knowledge of childhood: materiality, text, and the history of science – an interdisciplinary round table discussion
Authors: RIETMANN FELIX , SCHILDMANN MAREIKE , ARNI CAROLINE , COOK DANIEL THOMAS , GIURIATO DAVIDE , GÖHLSDORF NOVINA , MUIGAI WANGUI 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis round table discussion takes the diversity of discourse and practice shaping modern knowledge about childhood as an opportunity to engage with recent historiographical approaches in the history of science. It draws attention to symmetries and references among scientific, material, literary and artistic cultures and their respective forms of knowledge. The five participating scholars come from various fields in the humanities and social sciences and allude to historiographical and methodological questions through a range of examples. Topics include the emergence of children's rooms in US consumer magazines, research on the unborn in nineteenth-century sciences of development, the framing of autism in nascent child psychiatry, German literary discourses about the child's initiation into writing, and the sociopolitics of racial identity in the photographic depiction of African American infant corpses in the early twentieth century. Throughout the course of the paper, childhood emerges as a topic particularly amenable to interdisciplinary perspectives that take the history of science as part of a broader history of knowledge.
Quantification of Multicellular Organization, Junction Integrity, and Substrate Features in Collective Cell Migration
Authors: Canver Adam C. , Morss Clyne Alisa 
Published: February 2017

AbstractQuantitative analysis of multicellular organization, cell–cell junction integrity, and substrate properties is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying collective cell migration. However, spatially and temporally defining these properties is difficult within collectively migrating cell groups due to challenges in accurate cell segmentation within the monolayer. In this paper, we present Matlab®-based algorithms to spatially quantify multicellular organization (migration distance, interface roughness, and cell alignment, area, and morphology), cell–cell junction integrity, and substrate features in confocal microscopy images of two-dimensional collectively migrating endothelial monolayers. We used novel techniques, including measuring the migrating front roughness using a parametric curve formulation, automatically binning cells to obtain data as a function of distance from the migrating front, using iterative morphological closings to fully define cell boundaries, quantifying β-catenin localization as a measure of cell–cell junction integrity, and skeletonizing fibronectin to determine fiber length and orientation. These algorithms are widely accessible, as they use common fluorescent markers and Matlab® functions, and provide high-throughput critical feature quantification within collectively migrating cell groups. These image analysis algorithms can help standardize feature quantification among different experimental techniques, cell types, and research groups studying collective cell migration.
Atomic-Scale Analytical Tomography
Authors: Kelly Thomas F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe concept of atomic-scale tomography has been proposed in the past decade as a technique that could deliver the position of all atoms with high precision and their elemental (isotopic) identity. The technique was never intended to be limited to merely structural information and there is clearly a rich array of additional analytical information that can be brought to bear on such tomographs. In this paper, some of these types of information are considered and the implications are explored. The fuller realm of this analytical and structural information may be called atomic-scale analytical tomography.