bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When's dinner? Does timing of dinner affect the cardiometabolic risk profiles of South‐Asian Canadians at risk for diabetes
Authors: Sandhu S. K. , Tang T. S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo explore the relationship between the time dinner is consumed (dinnertime or timing of dinner) and cardiometabolic risk factors among South‐Asian Canadians at risk for diabetes.MethodsWe recruited 432 South‐Asian adults affiliated with Sikh and Hindu Temples in Metro Vancouver. Participants deemed to be at risk of diabetes underwent a clinical and behavioural assessment. Dinnertime was measured via self‐report. Clinical endpoints included HbA1c, apolipoprotein, blood pressure, weight, BMI and waist circumference.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 65 years and 59% were male. Dinnertime was categorized into three groups: early (before 18:00 h); average (18:00 to 20:00 h); and late (later than 20:00 h). Among the participants, 19% (n = 79), 44% (n = 187) and 37% (n = 157) reported early, average and late dinnertimes, respectively. Significant differences were found for dinnertime groups and years of residence in Canada, gender and employment. Compared with the early dinnertime group, the late dinnertime group lived in Canada for a shorter duration, comprised a higher proportion of males (66 vs 48%; P = 0.01) and were currently employed (37 vs 22%; P = 0.02). With regard to clinical endpoints, compared with the early dinnertime group, the late dinnertime group had lower systolic blood pressure (135.9 vs 131.7 mmHg; P = 0.03). After controlling for demographic characteristics, this difference was diminished. No significant differences were found between dinnertime and HbA1c, apolipoprotein, diastolic blood pressure, weight, BMI and waist circumference.ConclusionFindings suggest that, among this sample of South‐Asian Canadians at risk of Type 2 diabetes, there was no association between timing of the evening meal and cardiometabolic profiles.
Factors associated with early insulin initiation in Type 2 diabetes: a Canadian cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abu‐Ashour W. , Chibrikova L. , Midodzi W. K. , Twells L. K. , Gamble J.‐M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the patient characteristics associated with early initiation of insulin after a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe analysed cross‐sectional data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey conducted by Statistics Canada. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association between patient sociodemographic and health status characteristics and initiating insulin within 1 year of a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes (early insulin use).ResultsWeighted estimates for the Canadian population showed that 32% of patients with Type 2 diabetes initiated insulin within 1 year of their diagnosis. Of the insulin initiators, 52% were female and 68% were aged ≥60 years. Factors strongly associated with early initiation of insulin were age (60–69 years: adjusted odds ratio 1.89, 95% CI 1.84–1.94; ≥ 70 years, odds ratio 2.08, 95% CI 2.01–2.15, both vs 40–49 years); smoking (smoker vs never: odds ratio 2.39, 95% CI 2.32–2.46); geography (Western Canada: odds ratio 2.75, 95% CI 2.69–2.81; Quebec: odds ratio 2.20, 95% CI 2.13–2.27, both vs Ontario); mental health (poor vs excellent: odds ratio 1.98, 95% CI 1.92–2.04); BMI (overweight vs normal/underweight: odds ratio 1.63, 95% CI 1.58–1.67); oral antidiabetic medication use (yes vs no: odds ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.65–0.68); and alcohol use (regular vs non‐drinker: odds ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.65–0.68).ConclusionOne‐third of the study population with Type 2 diabetes initiated insulin within their first year of diagnosis. Age, smoking status, geographical location, mental health, BMI, education, oral antidiabetic medication use, employment, physical activity, language, doctor visits and alcohol consumption were associated with timing of insulin initiation.
The early recognition inventory ERIraos assesses the entire spectrum of symptoms through the course of an at‐risk mental state
Authors: Maurer Kurt , Zink Mathias , Rausch Franziska , Häfner Heinz 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimFunctional disability and social consequences frequently occur at the prodromal stage of schizophrenia. Efforts to recognize an increasing risk of psychosis onset have thus become a topical issue worldwide. This is to introduce the English version of the ERIraos early‐recognition inventory.MethodsThe ERIraos, developed in a systematic, empirical approach from the Instrument for the Retrospective Assessment of the Onset of Schizophrenia, incorporates basic symptoms from the Cologne Early Recognition Study. The research version also includes as further predictive items so‐called brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms and attenuated psychotic symptoms from the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States instrument.ResultsThe ERIraos with its 15‐item screening Checklist and 50‐item Symptom List permits early recognition of psychosis risk in three steps of decreasing sensitivity and increasing specificity. Step 1 relies on patients’ self‐perception of symptoms, which prompt them to contact a primary health service. There, in Step 2, at‐risk individuals are identified using the Checklist, characterized by a low‐risk threshold, and referred to further examination using the Symptom List (Step 3). Information on symptom accumulation and increasing symptom severity enhances the instrument's predictive power. In a validation test, psychotic transitions increased linearly up to 50% over 2 years. Compared with other instruments and on the prodromal stage of depressive disorder, the ERIraos has shown good predictive capacity.ConclusionsThe ERIraos has been successfully employed as a two‐step tool for the early recognition of psychosis risk in several German studies and translated into several foreign languages.
Expressed emotion and the escalation of depressive symptoms in individuals with recent‐onset schizophrenia
Authors: Rosenfarb Irwin Ford , Triana Stephanie , Nuechterlein Keith H. , Ventura Joseph , Breitborde Nicholas J.K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThis study examined whether expressed emotion (EE) predicts the emergence of depressive symptoms over a 1‐year period in 109 individuals with recent‐onset schizophrenia.Methods and ResultsCox proportional hazards regression analyses indicated that EE did not predict the emergence of depressive symptoms. The results also indicated that the EE factors (criticism, hostility and emotional overinvolvement), when examined individually, also did not predict the emergence of depressive symptoms.ConclusionsGiven the large number of patients in the study who were followed up for 1 year and another study's finding, using a subset of patients from the current study, of a significant relationship between EE and psychotic relapse, the data suggest that whereas EE is related to both psychotic relapse in individuals with recent‐onset schizophrenia and depressive relapse in individuals with major depressive disorder, EE does not appear to predict depressive exacerbation in individuals with recent‐onset schizophrenia.
Prolonged duration of untreated psychosis: a problem that needs addressing
Authors: Cotter Jack , Zabel Elisabeth , French Paul , Yung Alison R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThe duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) refers to the period of time between the emergence of psychotic symptoms and the initiation of appropriate clinical treatment. Prolonged DUP is associated with a range of adverse consequences, including more severe illness course, cognitive deficits and poor functioning. Problems with recognition of illness and in seeking help contribute to DUP, but another major cause of prolonged DUP is delays within secondary mental health services. In an attempt to reduce these delays, National Health Service England and the Department of Health have set new targets to improve access to early intervention services which will come into effect in April 2016. Given this background, we aimed to examine the DUP and pathways to care of new patients entering an early intervention service. We also examined whether they were receiving National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) concordant treatment. This will enable us to establish a baseline so that the impact of the new targets can be determined and to assess the degree of change that will be required to implement these.MethodsDe‐identified electronic records of 165 patients accepted into the service over a 12‐month period were analysed.ResultsMedian DUP was 6 months. There was a median of 2 contacts prior to service entry. Community Mental Health Teams were the largest source of referrals.ConclusionsThe majority of patients had a DUP exceeding the international target of 3 months. The findings appear to support previous evidence that this may be partially attributable to significant delays within the mental health care system.
Relation between premorbid adjustment, duration of untreated psychosis and close interpersonal trauma in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Haahr Ulrik Helt , Larsen Tor Ketil , Simonsen Erik , Rund Bjørn Rishovd , Joa Inge , Rossberg Jan Ivar , Johannessen Jan Olav , Langeveld Johannes , Evensen Julie , Trauelsen Anne Marie Hyldgaard , Vaglum Per , Opjordsmoen Stein , Hegelstad Wenche ten Velden , Friis Svein , McGlashan Thomas , Melle Ingrid 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimInterpersonal traumas are highly prevalent in patients with psychotic disorders. Trauma caused by those close to the patient might have a more profound impact than other types of trauma and may influence early life social functioning. The aim is to investigate the associations between different types of trauma, in particular close interpersonal traumas experienced before the age of 18, premorbid factors and baseline clinical characteristics in a sample of first‐episode psychosis patients.MethodsA total of 191 patients from the ‘TIPS’ cohort completed assessment with the Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey at their 5 years follow‐up interview.ResultsHalf of the patients reported that they had experienced interpersonal trauma and one‐third reported having experienced close interpersonal trauma before the age of 18. Women reported more sexual abuse, physical attacks and emotional and physical maltreatment than men. There were significant associations between early interpersonal trauma and premorbid adjustment and duration of untreated psychosis, but no significant associations with length of education, comorbid substance use or baseline clinical symptomatology.ConclusionsClose interpersonal trauma before the age of 18 is associated with poorer premorbid adjustment and a longer duration of untreated psychosis. This may indicate that traumatic experiences delay help‐seeking behaviour.
Effect of dehydration on the development of collaterals in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Chang S.‐W. , Huang Y.‐C. , Lin L.‐C. , Yang J.‐T. , Weng H.‐H. , Tsai Y.‐H. , Lee T.‐H. 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeRecent large series studies have demonstrated that dehydration is common amongst stroke subjects and is associated with poor outcome. However, the effects of hydration status on the development of collaterals have never been discussed. In this study, the hypothesis that hydration status is an important factor for developing collaterals after acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction was tested.MethodsEighty‐seven patients with acute infarction due to occlusion of the MCA were enrolled. Two collateral markers, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) laterality and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense vessels (HVs) were assessed from magnetic resonance imaging. Dehydration status was defined by a nitrogen to creatinine ratio ≧ of 15. The associations between dehydration status and the development of collaterals were estimated.ResultsSixty‐one of 87 patients (70.1%) were identified as dehydrated. The development of PCA laterality and HVs shows a significant difference between dehydrated and euhydrated patients. A serum nitrogen to creatinine ratio <15, diastolic blood pressure and the presence of a dense MCA on computed tomography were significantly associated with the development of PCA laterality. A serum nitrogen to creatinine ratio <15, the initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, the presence of a dense MCA and calcifications of the internal carotid artery on computed tomography were significantly associated with the development of HVs. Dehydration remained an independent negative predictor for the development of PCA laterality and HVs in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsHydration status is associated with the development of collateral flow after acute MCA occlusion. This preliminary study provides an imaging clue that hydration status and early hydration therapy could be important for acute stroke management.
Inhibition of the contralesional dorsal premotor cortex improves motor function of the affected hand following stroke
Authors: Lüdemann‐Podubecká J. , Bösl K. , Nowak D. A. 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeNumerous studies have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) may improve motor function of the affected hand after stroke. The effects of 1 Hz rTMS applied over the contralesional dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) on hand function and cortical neurophysiology in subacute stroke were examined.MethodsTen subacute stroke patients with mild hand motor impairment were enrolled in a prospective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study with two intervention sessions. 1 Hz rTMS was applied over the contralesional PMd (real rTMS, 900 pulses at 110% of the motor threshold; sham rTMS, 900 pulses at 0% of the motor threshold). Tests of hand function (Jebsen‐Taylor hand function test, box and block test) and neurophysiological evaluations (resting motor threshold, motor evoked potentials, cortical silent period, ipsilateral silent period) were obtained from both hands and hemispheres prior to (baseline) and after each treatment.ResultsHand function tests revealed significant improvement of motor function of the affected but not of the unaffected hand after real rTMS only. Neither intervention changed the neurophysiological measures in comparison to baseline.ConclusionOne hertz rTMS over the contralesional PMd improves motor function of the affected hand in subacute stroke. The PMd may be a novel rTMS target to treat motor impairment after stroke.
Environmental Factors Associated With Natural Methane Occurrence in the Appalachian Basin
Authors: Molofsky Lisa J. , Connor John A. , McHugh Thomas E. , Richardson Stephen D. , Woroszylo Casper , Alvarez Pedro J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe recent boom in shale gas development in the Marcellus Shale has increased interest in the methods to distinguish between naturally occurring methane in groundwater and stray methane associated with drilling and production operations. This study evaluates the relationship between natural methane occurrence and three principal environmental factors (groundwater redox state, water type, and topography) using two pre‐drill datasets of 132 samples from western Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia and 1417 samples from northeastern Pennsylvania. Higher natural methane concentrations in residential wells are strongly associated with reducing conditions characterized by low nitrate and low sulfate ([NO3−] < 0.5 mg/L; [SO42−] < 2.5 mg/L). However, no significant relationship exists between methane and iron [Fe(II)], which is traditionally considered an indicator of conditions that have progressed through iron reduction. As shown in previous studies, water type is significantly correlated with natural methane concentrations, where sodium (Na) ‐rich waters exhibit significantly higher (p<0.001) natural methane concentrations than calcium (Ca)‐rich waters. For water wells exhibiting Na‐rich waters and/or low nitrate and low sulfate conditions, valley locations are associated with higher methane concentrations than upland topography. Consequently, we identify three factors (“Low NO3− & SO42−” redox condition, Na‐rich water type, and valley location), which, in combination, offer strong predictive power regarding the natural occurrence of high methane concentrations. Samples exhibiting these three factors have a median methane concentration of 10,000 µg/L. These heuristic relationships may facilitate the design of pre‐drill monitoring programs and the subsequent evaluation of post‐drill monitoring results to help distinguish between naturally occurring methane and methane originating from anthropogenic sources or migration pathways.
Prognostic value of tumour deposit and perineural invasion status in colorectal cancer patients: a SEER‐based population study
Authors: Mayo Erin , Llanos Adana A M , Yi Xianghua , Duan Sheng‐Zhong , Zhang Lanjing 
Published: January 2016

AimsThe definition of tumour deposit (TD) in colorectal cancer (CRC) was changed recently in the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, 7th edition. We aimed to examine the prognostic values of the newly defined TD and perineural invasion (PNI) in this population study.Methods and resultsWe identified the incidental CRC cases with known TD or PNI status in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programme diagnosed in 2010 and 2011. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate overall survivals (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). We found that 6.71% (2774 of 41 323) of the CRC cases were positive for TD and 9.61% (3970 of 41 215) positive for PNI. In multivariable models, TD‐ and PNI‐positive statuses correlated independently with worse 3‐year OS [hazard ratio (HR): 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58–1.80 and HR: 1.24, 95%: CI: 1.16–1.32, respectively] and 3‐year CSS (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.65–1.94 and HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18–1.38, respectively, P < 0.001 for all). Other independent prognostic factors included age, T category, N category, tumour location and tumour grade, but not gender. TD and PNI correlated with worse OS in all N categories (P < 0.001 for all). TD‐associated HR for 3‐year OS increases as the N category becomes lower (1.73 in N2, 2.32 in N1 and 3.24 in N0), while rare (1.4%) TD‐positive CRC in N0 category should have been assigned to N1c.ConclusionsTumour deposit and PNI correlate independently with worse 3‐year OS and CSS. TD appears prognostically more important in the CRC of lower N categories.
Beauty, Tragedy and New Creation: Theology and Contemplation in Cappadocian Cosmology
Authors: Blowers Paul M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article explores whether we can speak of an aggregate Christian cosmology or doctrine of creation constructed by the Cappadocian Fathers, Basil of Caesarea, Gregory Nazianzen and Gregory of Nyssa. While discouraging the possibility of identifying a perfectly contoured ‘system’ of Cappadocian cosmology, I argue that there are certain ‘first principles’ and doctrinal correlates shared by this triumvirate. More helpful is to approach their constructive theology of creation from the standpoint of its basic epistemological protocols of theologia, which lay down the ground rules for Christian language of Creator and creation, and theôria, the church's ‘sanctified intuition’ of the meaning of the world. Theôria, as ‘contemplation’ in the broadest sense, enables the Cappadocians to envision the world, through the lens of sacred history, as a theatre of tragedy and beauty, and as the matrix of the triune Creator's aspiration to bring about an ever‐renewed creation.
‘The Body of Christ is Made From Bread’: Transubstantiation and the Grammar of Creation
Authors: Bauerschmidt Frederick Christian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAquinas's theology of Christ's eucharistic presence, often identified by the term ‘transubstantiation’, can best be understood by locating it in relation to the ‘grammar’ of the creator–creature relationship. After a brief overview of Aquinas on creation, the article examines closely Aquinas's analysis of the statement that ‘the body of Christ is made from bread’. This allows us to begin to imagine how Aquinas might respond to one of the most influential contemporary critiques of his sacramental theology: that of Louis‐Marie Chauvet. In addition, such an examination casts new light on Aquinas's doctrine of creation itself.
Calvin's Theology of Creation and Providence: God's Care and Human Fragility
Authors: Van Der Kooi Cornelis 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article describes some of the basic elements of John Calvin's theology of creation and providence by situating them within a trinitarian framework. By using metaphors such as mirror, theatre and garment, Calvin pictured the earth as a generous gift of the Creator within which God shows his goodness, power and fatherly care. Calvin understands God not to be far away, but rather to be near and to sustain all life on earth by the power of the Holy Spirit. The visibility and tangibility of God's care as shown in the order of the universe and the reality of the world as a habitable place is of particular significance for Calvin. I argue that although contemporary science has changed our ideas regarding the universe in significant ways, there is an important aspect of Calvin's thinking that may be recognizable for the modern mind: the fragility of life on earth.
CTLA4Fcε, a novel soluble fusion protein that binds B7 molecules and the IgE receptors, and reduces human in vitro soluble CD23 production and lymphocyte proliferation
Authors: Perez‐Witzke Daniel , Miranda‐García María Auxiliadora , Suárez Nuris , Becerra Raquel , Duque Kharelys , Porras Verónica , Fuenmayor Jaheli , Montano Ramon Fernando 
Published: January 2016

SummaryImmunoglobulin E‐mediated allergy and certain autoimmune diseases are characterized by the presence of a T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response and allergen‐specific or self‐reactive IgE. Soluble CD23 (sCD23) is a B‐cell factor that fosters IgE class‐switching and synthesis, suggesting that sCD23 may be a therapeutic target for these pathologies. We produced a recombinant protein, CTLA4Fcε, by fusing the ectodomain of the immunoregulatory molecule cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) with a fragment of the IgE H‐chain constant region. In SDS–PAGE/inmunoblot analyses, CTLA4Fcε appeared as a 70 000 MW polypeptide that forms homodimers. Flow cytometry showed that CTLA4Fcε binds to IgE receptors FcεRI and FcεRII/CD23, as well as to CTLA‐4 counter‐receptors CD80 and CD86. Binding of CTLA4Fcε to FcεRII/CD23 appeared stronger than that of IgE. Since the cells used to study CD23 binding express CD80 and CD86, simultaneous binding of CTLA4Fcε to CD23 and CD80/CD86 seems to occur and would explain this difference. As measured by a human CD23‐specific ELISA, CTLA4Fcε – but not IgE – induced a concentration‐dependent reduction of sCD23 in culture supernatants of RPMI‐8866 cells. Our results suggest that the simultaneous binding of CTLA4Fcɛ to CD23‐CD80/CD86 may cause the formation of multi‐molecular complexes that are either internalized or pose a steric hindrance to enzymatic proteolysis, so blocking sCD23 generation. CTLA4Fcε caused a concentration‐dependent reduction of lymphocyte proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A. The ability to bind IgE receptors on effector cells, to regulate the production of sCD23 and to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation suggests that CTLA4Fcɛ has immunomodulatory properties on human Th2 responses.