bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of novel bio‐based vinyl ester from dicyclopentadiene prepolymer, cashew nut shell liquid, and soybean oil
Authors: Jaillet Fanny , Nouailhas Hélène , Boutevin Bernard , Caillol Sylvain 
Published: January 2016

In this article, for the first time, a vinyl ester (VE) polymer was synthesized from epoxidized dicyclopentadiene prepolymer (Tactix) with bio‐based methacrylic monomers from cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) and soybean oil. The functionalization of Tactix with methacrylic groups was carried out directly in the presence of CNSL or soybean oil which play two roles. Firstly, they act as solvents during the methacrylation reaction. After methacrylation, they act as reactive diluents to reduce the viscosity of formulation and copolymerize during cross‐linking of VE networks. This process is very interesting and avoids the use of a solvent for the methacrylation of the VE prepolymer. Four VE networks have been prepared with different proportions of reactive diluents. The obtained materials exhibit good thermal stability, up to 300°C and Tα values from 100 to 130°C.Practical application: The bio‐based methacrylated monomers described in this contribution, i.e.: methacrylated cardanol from CNSL and methacrylated soybean oil, provided new bio‐based building blocks for further free radical polymerizations with vinyl ester polymers. The obtained vinyl ester networks with Tactix dicyclopentadiene polymers are partially biobased and may be used as binders in composite applications to replace diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A‐styrene VE materials.Synthesis of vinyl ester material from Tactix, cashew nutshell liquid, and soybean oil.
Thermochemical Energy Storage for Power Generation on Demand
Authors: Zhang Huili , Huys Katja , Baeyens Jan , Degrève Jan , Kong Weibin , Lv Yongqin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMatching the power supply with demand is a key issue for the development of renewable energy sources: the intermittence of wind or solar power can be overcome by integrating an energy storage system. In comparison with sensible and latent heat storage, thermochemical heat storage has the advantages of both a high energy density, so that reaction products can be stored at ambient temperature for later reuse, and a flexibility of transportation when off‐site use is required. An initial thermodynamic and kinetic screening of thermochemical reactions in the temperature range of about 600 to 1200 K is presented. Thermodynamics and kinetics are used to characterize the reactions through the equilibrium temperature, the heat of reaction, the reaction rates, and recovery work. These aspects were studied theoretically and experimentally. The analysis defines the essential design parameters and provides guidance for the important assessment criteria of new candidate reaction systems.
Three‐dimensional Porous Palladium Foam‐like Nanostructures as Electrocatalysts for Glucose Biofuel Cells
Authors: Zhao Yue , Fan Louzhen , Hong Bo , Zhang Yang , Zhang Minsheng , Que Qiming , Ji Junyuan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) porous palladium (Pd) nanostructures are electrodeposited by using the improved hydrogen template protocol, involving a key step of the potential pulse. In contrast to the conventional porous Pd catalysts, which are achieved by adopting the potentiostatic method in the reduction process, these 3D frameworks exhibit a unique fractal morphology and more‐abundant electrochemical surface area. For the application in implantable glucose biofuel cells, the 3D porous Pd nanocatalysts show sufficient open‐circuit potential (0.650±0.005 V), high power density (5.7±0.4 μW cm−2), and satisfying long‐term stability (<10 % degradation 30 days). This new procedure yields benefits such as rapid fabrication, mild conditions, pure products with a unique 3D porous structure, and the identical preparation technology for both the anode and cathode.
Abnormal functional architecture of amygdala‐centered networks in adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Aghajani Moji , Veer Ilya M. , van Hoof Marie‐José , Rombouts Serge A.R.B. , van der Wee Nic J. , Vermeiren Robert R.J.M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, debilitating, and difficult to treat psychiatric disorder. Very little is known of how PTSD affects neuroplasticity in the developing adolescent brain. Whereas multiple lines of research implicate amygdala‐centered network dysfunction in the pathophysiology of adult PTSD, no study has yet examined the functional architecture of amygdala subregional networks in adolescent PTSD. Using intrinsic functional connectivity analysis, we investigated functional connectivity of the basolateral (BLA) and centromedial (CMA) amygdala in 19 sexually abused adolescents with PTSD relative to 23 matched controls. Additionally, we examined whether altered amygdala subregional connectivity coincides with abnormal grey matter volume of the amygdaloid complex. Our analysis revealed abnormal amygdalar connectivity and morphology in adolescent PTSD patients. More specifically, PTSD patients showed diminished right BLA connectivity with a cluster including dorsal and ventral portions of the anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortices (p < 0.05, corrected). In contrast, PTSD patients showed increased left CMA connectivity with a cluster including the orbitofrontal and subcallosal cortices (p < 0.05, corrected). Critically, these connectivity changes coincided with diminished grey matter volume within BLA and CMA subnuclei (p < 0.05, corrected), with CMA connectivity shifts additionally relating to more severe symptoms of PTSD. These findings provide unique insights into how perturbations in major amygdalar circuits could hamper fear regulation and drive excessive acquisition and expression of fear in PTSD. As such, they represent an important step toward characterizing the neurocircuitry of adolescent PTSD, thereby informing the development of reliable biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1120–1135, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histological and histochemical evaluations on the effects of high incubation temperature on the embryonic development of tibial growth plate in broiler chickens
Authors: Oznurlu Yasemin , Sur Emrah , Ozaydin Tugba , Celik Ilhami , Uluisik Deniz 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe effects of experimentally induced high incubation temperature on the embryonic development of growth plate of the chicken were investigated by means of histological and enzyme histochemical methods. In the experiments, 250 fertile eggs of Ross‐308 broiler strain were divided into two groups, the control eggs were maintained under optimal conditions (37.8°C and 65% ± 2% relative humidity, rh) during the whole incubation period. Heat‐stress imposed eggs were maintained under normal conditions (37.8°C and 65% ± 2% rh) until the 10th day of incubation, and then, continuously (24 h per day) exposed to high temperature (38.8°C and 65% ± 2% rh). Tissue samples were taken from 10 animals of each group at the 11th, 13th, 15th, 18th, 21st days of incubation. Tissue samples were processed by enzyme histochemical methods in addition to routine histological techniques. The relative tibia weights and tibia length were lower in the heat‐stress group compared to the control group. The results of the measurements of the growth plate showed that the proliferative zone was narrowed whereas, the transitional and hypertrophic zone were thickened in the heat stress group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) density was significantly decreased in the heat‐stress group compared to the control group. In conclusion, bone formation and growth plate formation are crucial for embryo development and 1°C higher from optimum may increase the incidence of skeletal disorders and leg problems in broiler chickens which is one of the major animal welfare concerns for the poultry industry. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:106–110, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterising the Personality of the Public Safety Offender and Non‐offender using Decision Trees: The Case of Colombia
Authors: Masías Víctor Hugo , Valle Mauricio A. , Amar José J. , Cervantes Marco , Brunal Gustavo , Crespo Fernando A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to create a decision tree (DT) to identify personality profiles of offenders against public safety. A technique meeting this requirement was proposed that uses the C4.5 algorithm to derive decision rules for personality profiling of public safety offenders. The Mini‐Mult test was used to measure the personality profiles of 238 individuals. With the test results as our database, a C4.5 DT was applied to construct rules that classify each profile into one of two groups, those without and those with records of offences against public safety. The model correctly classified 80% of the personality profiles and delivered a set of decision rules for distinguishing the profiles by group, and the principal personality profiles were interpreted. We conclude that DTs are a promising technique for analysing personality profiles by their offender or non‐offender status. Finally, we believe that the development of a classifying model using DT may have practical applications in the Colombian prison system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved linear modeling technique with sensitivity analysis for GaN HEMT
Authors: Luo Danting , Shen Li , Gao Jianjun 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAn improved linear modeling technique for gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor small‐signal equivalent circuit under different bias conditions is presented in this paper. The method is a combination of the test structure and sensitivity analytical method to improve the precision of the intrinsic elements in the small‐signal model. The analytical expressions for the relative sensitivities with respect to deviations in the measured scattering (S) parameters are also given here. The derived relationships have universal validity, but they have been verified by the good agreement between the measured S‐parameters and simulated ones over the frequency range up to 40 GHz. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classification of Mixtures of Chinese Herbal Medicines Based on a Self‐organizing Map (SOM)
Authors: Wang Maolin , Li Li , Yu Changyuan , Yan Aixia , Zhao Zhongzhen , Zhang Ge , Jiang Miao , Lu Aiping , Gasteiger Johann 
Published: January 2016

AbstractChinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) are typically mixtures of compounds and are often categorized into cold and hot according to the theory of Chinese Medicine. This classification is essential for guiding the clinical application of CHMs. In this study, three types of molecular descriptors were used to build models for classification of 59 CHMs with typical cold/hot properties in the training set taken from the original records on properties in China Pharmacopeia as reference. The accuracy and the Matthews correlation coefficient of the models were validated by a test set containing other 56 CHMs. The best model produced the accuracies of 94.92 % and 83.93 % on training set and test set, respectively. The MACCS fingerprint model is robust in predicting hot/cold properties of the CHMs from their major constituting compounds. This work shows how a classification model for data consisting of multi‐components can be developed. The derived model can be used for the application of Chinese herbal medicines.
Subcutaneous fat mass in infancy and cardiovascular risk factors at school‐age: The generation R study
Authors: Santos Susana , Gaillard Romy , Oliveira Andreia , Barros Henrique , Hofman Albert , Franco Oscar H. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of infant subcutaneous fat with cardiovascular risk factors at school‐age.MethodsIn a population‐based prospective cohort study among 808 children, total subcutaneous fat (sum of biceps, triceps, suprailiacal, and subscapular skinfold thicknesses) and central‐to‐total subcutaneous fat ratio (sum of suprailiacal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses/total subcutaneous fat) at 1.5 and 24 months were estimated. At 6 years, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels were measured.ResultsInfant subcutaneous fat measures were not associated with childhood blood pressure, triglycerides, or insulin levels. A 1‐standard‐deviation score (SDS) higher total subcutaneous fat at 1.5 months was, independently of body mass index, associated with lower low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol levels at 6 years. In contrast, a 1‐SDS higher total subcutaneous fat at 24 months was associated with higher total‐cholesterol [difference 0.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.23) SDS] and LDL‐cholesterol levels [difference 0.12 (95% CI 0.02, 0.21) SDS] at 6 years. There were no associations of central‐to‐total subcutaneous fat ratio with childhood cholesterol levels.ConclusionsThese results suggest that infant total subcutaneous fat is weakly associated with cholesterol levels at school‐age. Further studies are needed to assess the long‐term cardiometabolic consequences of infant body fat.
The critical period for brown adipocyte development: Genetic and environmental influences
Authors: Chabowska‐Kita Agnieszka , Kozak Leslie P. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThe current review summarizes recent advances in the origin of brown adipocytes in rodents and humans.MethodsThis review describes recent insights into induction of the brown adipocyte phenotype (BAP) in white fat (WAT) revealed by murine studies during the early postnatal period and reversible temperature transitions. The origin of adipocytes and identity of progenitors as indicated by lineage tracing experiments are reviewed.ResultsWe describe a genetic model for brown adipocyte development that involves the appearance of brown adipocytes in WAT at 21 days of age and a mechanism of post‐weaning involution relevant for acquisition of the BAP in fully functional WAT in mice. Under normal physiological conditions, the BAP is dormant with the potential to be stimulated by changes in the external environment. Current evidence for the acquisition of brown adipocytes by interconversion of mature adipocytes versus de novo recruitment of progenitors suggests that mechanisms for acquisition of the BAP in WAT in mice are depot‐specific and controlled by allelic variation.ConclusionsAlthough the BAP is highly variable among mice, there is no information on genetic variability in the expression of brown adipocytes in humans. Thus, deeper understanding of genetic mechanisms underlying development of functional brown adipocytes is crucial.
Natural and synthetic vocalizations of brown rat pups, Rattus norvegicus, enhance attractiveness of bait boxes in laboratory and field experiments
Authors: Takács Stephen , Kowalski Pawel , Gries Gerhard 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDRats are often neophobic and thus do not readily enter trap boxes which are mandated in rodent management to help reduce the risk of accidental poisoning or capture of non‐target animals. Working with brown rats, Rattus norvegicus, as a model species, our overall objective was to test whether sound cues from pups could be developed as a means to enhance captures of rats in trap boxes.RESULTSRecording vocalizations from three‐day‐old pups after removal from their natal nest with both sonic and ultrasonic microphones revealed frequency components in the sonic range (1.8–7.5 kHz) and ultrasonic range (18–24 kHz, 33–55 kHz, 60–96 kHz). In two‐choice laboratory bioassays, playback recordings of these vocalizations induced significant phonotactic and arrestment responses by juvenile, subadult and adult female and male rats. The effectiveness of engineered ‘synthetic’ rat pup sounds was dependent upon their frequency components, sound durations and the sound delivery system. Unlike other speakers, a piezoelectric transducer emitting sound bursts of 21 kHz with a 63‐KHz harmonic, and persisting for 20–300 ms, proved highly effective in attracting and arresting adult female rats. In a field experiment, a battery‐powered electronic device fitted with a piezoelectric transducer and driven by an algorithm that randomly generated sound cues resembling those recorded from rat pups and varying in fundamental frequency (19–23 kHz), duration (20–300 ms) and intermittent silence (300–5000 ms) significantly enhanced captures of rats in trap boxes baited with a food lure and soiled bedding material of adult female rats.CONCLUSIONOur study provides proof of concept that rat‐specific sound cues or signals can be effectively reproduced and deployed as a means to enhance capture of wild rats. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Larvicidal activity of natural and modified triterpenoids against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: da Silva Gloria NS , Trindade Frances TT , dos Santos Francine , Gosmann Grace , e Silva Alexandre A , Gnoatto Simone CB 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide resistance to commonly used substances demands new molecules for the chemical control of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Because natural product sources have been an alternative to obtain larvicidal compounds, the aim of this study was to evaluate the triterpenoids betulinic (BA) and ursolic (UA) acids and their semi‐synthetic derivatives against larval Ae. aegypti. BA, UA, ten derivatives modified at the C‐3 position and a positive control (diflubenzuron) were evaluated. Larvicidal assays were carried out with early fourth‐instar larvae, and mortality was observed between 48 and 96 h. Doses from 200 to 10 ppm were used to calculate lethal concentrations (LCs).RESULTSNatural compounds, i.e. UA and BA, had the lowest LCs (LC50 of 112 and 142 ppm respectively), except for the modified compound 2b (LC50 of 130 ppm). Larvicidal activity increased significantly from 48 to 96 h for all the compounds evaluated, ranging from 20 to 50% after 48 h and from 48 to 76% after 96 h. Some derivatives, e.g. 2a and 2d, had up to a three‐fold larvicidal activity increase from 48 to 96 h.CONCLUSIONBA, UA and their derivatives showed larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti larvae, increasing significantly from 48 to 96 h. The presence of a hydroxyl group is essential for larvicidal potential in these triterpenoids. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A comparison of change point models with application to longitudinal lung function measurements in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Moss Angela , Juarez‐Colunga E. , Nathoo Farouk , Wagner Brandie , Sagel Scott 
Published: January 2016

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary lung disease characterized by loss of lung function over time. Lung function in CF is believed to decline at a higher rate during the adolescence period. It has been also hypothesized that there is a subgroup of individuals for whom lung disease remains relatively stable with only a slight decline over their lifetime. Using data from the University of Colorado CF Children's Registry, we investigate four change point models to model the decline of lung function in children and adolescents: (i) a two‐component mixture random change point model, (ii) a two‐component mixture‐fixed change point model, (iii) a random change point model, and (iv) a fixed change point model. The models are investigated through posterior predictive simulation at the individual and population levels, and a simulation study examining the effects of model misspecification. The data support the mixed random change point model as the preferred model, with roughly 30% of adolescents experiencing a steady decline of 0.5 %FEV1 per year and 70% experiencing an increase in decline of 4.4 %FEV1 per year beginning on average at 14.6 years of age. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastic and anelastic relaxations accompanying relaxor ferroelectric behaviour of Ba6GaNb9O30 tetragonal tungsten bronze from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy
Authors: Rotaru Andrei , Schiemer Jason A. , Carpenter Michael A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) structures offer some promise as lead-free ferroelectrics and have an advantage of great flexibility in terms of accessible composition ranges due to the number of crystallographic sites available for chemical substitution. The ferroic properties of interest are coupled with strain, which will be important in the context of stability, switching dynamics and thin film properties. Coupling of strain with the ferroelectric order parameter gives rise to changes in elastic properties, and these have been investigated for a ceramic sample of Ba6GaNb9O30 (BGNO) by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Room temperature values of the shear and bulk moduli for BGNO are rather higher than for TTBs with related composition which are orthorhombic at room temperature, consistent with suppression of the ferroelectric transition. Instead, a broad, rounded minimum in the shear modulus measured at ~1 MHz is accompanied by a broad rounded maximum in acoustic loss near 115 K and signifies relaxor freezing behaviour. Elastic softening with falling temperature from room temperature, ahead of the freezing interval, is attributed to the development of dynamical polar nanoregions (PNRs), whilst the nonlinear stiffening below ~115 K is consistent with a spectrum of relaxation times for freezing of the PNR microstructure.
Essential role of HDAC6 in the regulation of PD‐L1 in melanoma
Authors: Lienlaf M. , Perez-Villarroel P. , Knox T. , Pabon M. , Sahakian E. , Powers J. , Woan K.V. , Lee C. , Cheng F. , Deng S. , Smalley K.S.M. , Montecino M. , Kozikowski A. , Pinilla-Ibarz J. , Sarnaik A. , Seto E. , Weber J. , Sotomayor E.M. , Villagra A. 
Published: January 2016

Histone deacetylases (HDACs), originally described as histone modifiers, have more recently been demonstrated to target a variety of other proteins unrelated to the chromatin environment. In this context, our present work demonstrates that the pharmacological or genetic abrogation of HDAC6 in primary melanoma samples and cell lines, down‐regulates the expression of PD‐L1, an important co‐stimulatory molecule expressed in cancer cells, which activates the inhibitory regulatory pathway PD‐1 in T‐cells. Our data suggests that this novel mechanism of PD‐L1 regulation is mainly mediated by the influence of HDAC6 over the recruitment and activation of STAT3. Additionally, we observed that selective HDAC6 inhibitors impairs tumor growth and reduce the in vivo expression of several inhibitory check‐point molecules and other regulatory pathways involved in immunosurveillance. Most importantly, these results provide a key pre‐clinical rationale and justification to further study isotype selective HDAC6 inhibitors as potential immuno‐modulatory agents in cancer.