bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative outcomes of femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery and manual phacoemusification: a six‐month follow‐up
Authors: Yu Yinhui , Chen Xinyi , Hua Huixia , Wu Menghan , Lai Kairan , Yao Ke 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo explore efficacy and safety outcomes in patients undergoing femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) versus manual phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS).DesignProspective consecutive nonrandomized comparative cohort study.ParticipantsA total of 124 eyes from 106 patients (70 in FLACS and 54 in PCS).MethodsComparison of FLACS with PCS over 6 months.Main Outcome MeasuresMacular central subfield thickness (CST), cube volume (CV), cube average thickness (CAT), endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT) and photon count value (PCV).ResultsCST, CV and CAT increased postoperatively, which did not return to preoperative levels by 6 months. The values were similar between groups throughout the follow‐up, and comparison of changes from baseline also showed no significant difference. Preoperative ECD showed significant difference, which decreased postoperatively and remained stable during follow‐up, being lowest at 1 month. FLACS had greater endothelial cell loss than PCS, which was not significant. CCT in both groups increased, reaching maximum on day one and tended to decrease thereafter. No significant differences were found regarding postoperative values and the mean increase. In both groups, mean PCV increased from preoperatively to day one, week one and month one. Flare values in FLACS were lower than PCS, reaching statistical significance at 6 months (P = 0.001). However, the differences in changes of PCV were not significantly different at any visit.ConclusionsBoth FLACS and PCS achieved similar safety and efficacy outcomes for performing cataract surgery. Flare values in eyes with FLACS were lower than those with PCS at 6 months postoperatively.
Diabetic retinopathy: global prevalence, major risk factors, screening practices and public health challenges: a review
Authors: Ting Daniel Shu Wei , Cheung Gemmy Chui Ming , Wong Tien Yin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDiabetes retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in middle‐aged and elderly people globally. Early detection and prompt treatment allow prevention of diabetes‐related visual impairment. Patients with diabetes require regular follow‐up with primary care physicians to optimize their glycaemic, blood pressure and lipid control to prevent development and progression of DR and other diabetes‐related complications. Other risk factors of DR include higher body mass index, puberty and pregnancy, and cataract surgery. There are weaker associations with some genetic and inflammatory markers. With the rising incidence and prevalence of diabetes and DR, public health systems in both developing and developed countries will be faced with increasing costs of implementation and maintenance of a DR screening program for people with diabetes. To reduce the impact of DR‐related visual loss, it is important that all stakeholders continue to look for innovative ways of managing and preventing diabetes, and optimize cost‐effective screening programs within the community.
A 5‐HT2A/2C receptor agonist, 1‐(2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodophenyl)‐2‐aminopropane, mitigates developmental neurotoxicity of ethanol to serotonergic neurons
Authors: Ishiguro Tsukasa , Sakata‐Haga Hiromi , Fukui Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPrenatal ethanol exposure causes the reduction of serotonergic (5‐HTergic) neurons in the midbrain raphe nuclei. In the present study, we examined whether an activation of signaling via 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT2C receptors during the fetal period is able to prevent the reduction of 5‐HTergic neurons induced by prenatal ethanol exposure. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were given a liquid diet containing 2.5 to 5.0% (w/v) ethanol on gestational days (GDs) 10 to 20 (Et). As a pair‐fed control, other pregnant rats were fed the same liquid diet except that the ethanol was replaced by isocaloric sucrose (Pf). Each Et and Pf group was subdivided into two groups; one of the groups was treated with 1 mg/kg (i.p.) of 1‐(2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodophenyl)‐2‐aminopropane (DOI), an agonist for 5‐HT2A/2C receptors, during GDs 13 to 19 (Et‐DOI or Pf‐DOI), and another was injected with saline vehicle only (Et‐Sal or Pf‐Sal). Their fetuses were removed by cesarean section on GD 19 or 20, and fetal brains were collected. An immunohistological examination of 5‐HTergic neurons in the fetuses on embryonic day 20 using an antibody against tryptophan hydroxylase revealed that the number of 5‐HTergic neurons in the midbrain raphe nuclei was significantly reduced in the Et‐Sal fetuses compared to that of the Pf‐Sal and Pf‐DOI fetuses, whereas there were no significant differences between Et‐DOI and each Pf control. Thus, we concluded that the reduction of 5‐HTergic neurons that resulted in prenatal ethanol exposure could be alleviated by the enhancement of signaling via 5‐HT2A/2C receptors during the fetal period.
Digital implant impressions by cone‐beam computerized tomography: a pilot study
Authors: Corominas‐Delgado Cristina , Espona José , Lorente‐Gascón Marian , Real‐Voltas Francisco , Roig Miguel , Costa‐Palau Santiago 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the adjustment of structures designed from a digital impression of implants obtained by cone‐beam computerized tomography (CBCT).Materials and methodsThirty implants were placed in five edentulous mandibles of fresh cadaver heads, six per mandible. Special scan bodies were screwed in the implants and a CBCT was taken. DICOM images were converted to STL and digitally processed to obtain a digital model of the implants. A Cr‐Co structure was designed and milled for each mandible, and the adjustment was assessed as in a real clinical situation: passivity while screwing, radiographic fitting, optical fitting, and probing.ResultsGood adjustment was found in three of the structures, and only slight discrepancies were found in the other two.ConclusionCone‐beam computerized tomography might be a valid impression‐taking method in full‐mouth rehabilitations with implants. Further evaluations are needed with more implant and CBCT systems. The radiation dose might be considered when deciding to use this impression system. The types of patients appropriate for this treatment option should also be determined to fulfill the principles of the ALARA law.
Abdominal adiposity, body composition and survival after liver transplantation
Authors: Terjimanian Michael N. , Harbaugh Calista M. , Hussain Adnan , Olugbade Kola O. , Waits Seth A. , Wang Stewart C. , Sonnenday Christopher J. , Englesbe Michael J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundCurrent measures of obesity do not accurately describe body composition. Using cross‐sectional imaging, objective measures of musculature and adiposity are possible and may inform efforts to optimize liver transplantation outcomes.MethodsAbdominal visceral fat area and psoas muscle cross‐sectional area were measured on CT scans for 348 liver transplant recipients. After controlling for donor and recipient characteristics, survival analysis was performed using Cox regression.ResultsVisceral fat area was significantly associated with post‐transplant mortality (p < 0.001; HR = 1.06 per 10 cm2, 95% CI: 1.04–1.09), as were positive hepatitis C status (p = 0.004; HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.21–2.61) and total psoas area (TPA) (p < 0.001; HR = 0.91 per cm2, 95% CI: 0.88–0.94). Among patients with smaller TPA, the patients with high visceral fat area had 71.8% one‐yr survival compared to 81.8% for those with low visceral fat area (p = 0.15). At five yr, the smaller muscle patients with high visceral fat area had 36.9% survival compared to 58.2% for those with low visceral fat area (p = 0.023).ConclusionsAbdominal adiposity is associated with survival after liver transplantation, especially in patients with small trunk muscle size. When coupled with trunk musculature, abdominal adiposity offers direct characterization of body composition that can aid preoperative risk evaluation and inform transplant decision‐making.
Tissue‐specific DNA levels and hyphal growth patterns of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in stems of naturally infected Fraxinus excelsior saplings
Authors: Matsiakh I. , Solheim H. , Nagy N. E. , Hietala A. M. , Kramarets V. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryTen saplings of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) naturally infected by the invasive ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus were collected in Ukraine and Norway and examined for bark necrosis and extension of discoloration in sapwood and pith in a stem region. Tissue‐specific colonization profiles were determined by spatial analyses of symptomatic and visually healthy stem tissues using a H. fraxineus‐specific qPCR assay and light microscopy. Our data suggest that hyphal growth in the starch‐rich perimedullary pith is of particular importance for both axial and radial spread of H. fraxineus, but that most of its biomass accumulates in sapwood parenchyma. The study confirms the results from earlier work and presents new information that refines the current stem invasion model.
Long‐term remission in a case of plasmablastic lymphoma treated with COMP (cyclophosphamide, liposomal doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) and bortezomib
Authors: Cencini Emanuele , Fabbri Alberto , Guerrini Susanna , Mazzei Maria Antonietta , Rossi Vania , Bocchia Monica 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPlasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) strongly associated with HIV infection, even if cases in other immunosuppressed patients such as solid organ transplant recipients and in immunocompetent individuals have been increasingly reported. Current treatment strategy for HIV‐negative patients is similar to DLBCL as first‐line treatment, but durable remissions are seldom observed. Anthracycline‐containing regimens could be too toxic for elderly patients and/or with cardiac failure, because a non‐pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (NLD) could be used in this field. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor currently approved for patients with multiple myeloma and relapsed mantle‐cell lymphoma, has recently showed clinical activity in PBL patients. Herein, we report a rapid and long‐term remission of a PBL patient with cardiac failure and that had previously received a double kidney transplant, treated front‐line with COMP (with a NLD substituted for doxorubicin) followed by subcutaneous bortezomib consolidation. We suggest first‐line treatment outcome is determinant for PBL patients. Bortezomib has a promising role and should be incorporated in future clinical trials and NLD could represent a suitable option for patients with cardiac failure or high cardiovascular risk.
Change in presurgical diagnostic imaging evaluation affects subsequent pediatric epilepsy surgery outcome
Authors: Rubinger Luc , Chan Carol , D'Arco Felice , Moineddin Rahim , Muthaffar Osama , Rutka James T. , Snead O. Carter , Smith Mary Lou , Widjaja Elysa 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveSince 2008, we have changed our presurgical diagnostic imaging evaluation for medically refractory focal epilepsy to include high‐resolution epilepsy protocol on 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and combined magnetoencephalography and 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in selected patients with normal or subtle changes on MRI or discordant diagnostic tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the change in imaging practice on epilepsy surgery outcome in a tertiary pediatric epilepsy surgery center.MethodsThe change in practice occurred in early 2008, and patients were classified based on old or new practice. The patient characteristics, surgical variables, and seizure‐free surgical outcome were compared, and the trend in seizure‐free outcome over time was assessed.ResultsThere was a trend for increased abnormal MRI (92% vs. 86%, respectively, p = 0.062), and increased utilization of FDG‐PET (34% vs. 3% respectively, p < 0.001) with new relative to old practice. There were no statistically significant differences in invasive monitoring, location, and type of surgery and histology between the two periods (all p > 0.05). During the old practice, there was no statistically significant change in yearly trend of seizure‐free outcome (odds ratio [OR] 0.960, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.875–1.053, p = 0.386). The change in practice in 2008 was associated with a significant improvement in seizure‐free outcome (OR 1.535, 95% CI 1.100–2.142, p = 0.012). During the new practice, there was a significant positive trend in yearly seizure‐free outcome (OR 1.219, 95% CI 1.053–1.411, p = 0.008), after adjusting for age at seizure onset, invasive monitoring, location and type of surgery, histology, MRI, magnetoencephalography, and FDG‐PET.SignificanceWe have found an improvement in seizure‐free surgical outcome following the change in imaging practice. This study highlights the importance of optimizing and improving presurgical diagnostic imaging evaluation to improve surgical outcome.
Fishes that rule the world: circumtropical distributions revisited
Authors: Gaither Michelle R , Bowen Brian W , Rocha Luiz A , Briggs John C 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBriggs () published the first checklist of circumtropical fishes with 107 species. This work served for a half century as the most comprehensive checklist of globally distributed fishes, but the intervening years witnessed many discoveries, and molecular data have changed the way we evaluate species. Here, we update the list guided by taxonomic revisions, phylogenies, phylogeographic data and DNA barcodes. The resulting list now includes 284 species. The dramatic increase is primarily due to two trends: (i) continued oceanic exploration leading to range revisions and species discoveries and (ii) public databases such as FishBase and the Catalogue of Fishes make range data more accessible. Five species were removed from the list as closer scrutiny revealed multiple taxa, 14 were removed due to updated range information, and 35 more are suspected to be species complexes. The species listed here are mostly pelagic and bathypelagic fishes. Euryhaline, anadromous, catadromous, freshwater, and with few exceptions, reef fishes do not achieve global distributions. The most species‐rich family of marine fishes (Gobiidae) is absent. The fishes with the longest pelagic larval stage (Anguillidae) are absent. In contrast, requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae), tunas (Scombridae), jacks (Carangidae), remoras (Echeneidae) and especially lanternfishes (Myctophidae) have multiple representatives. The combined evidence indicates that high mobility as an adult is a key requirement to achieve a global distribution. Many others are members of monotypic genera or families, indicating old lineages that did not diversify. We conclude that global ranges may promote persistence over evolutionary timescales, but also reduce opportunities for speciation.
Sportfisheries, conservation and sustainable livelihoods: a multidisciplinary guide to developing best practice
Authors: Barnett Adam , Abrantes Kátya G , Baker Ronald , Diedrich Amy S , Farr Marina , Kuilboer Alf , Mahony Tracey , McLeod Ian , Moscardo Gianna , Prideaux Murray , Stoeckl Natalie , van Luyn Ariella , Sheaves Marcus 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEcotourism ventures in developing countries are often among the few alternatives for enhancing sustainable livelihoods without altering traditional ways of life. The best way forward is to continually develop and implement best practice guidelines and, in particular, to flexibly develop them to suit individual cases. We conduct a multidisciplinary assessment of best practice guidelines required to develop and sustain sportfishing tourism in developing countries, while enhancing local livelihoods and promoting environmental stewardship. In general, best practice guidelines should be developed around a sustainable livelihood framework that includes short‐term coping mechanisms and longer‐term capacity building. Sportfishing development that conforms to ecological and socially orientated criteria, founded on site‐specific research that captures local environmental and social complexities, has the potential to provide mutual benefits to tourists and local people, fuelling community development and enhancing the cultural experience of tourists. Best practice guidelines for sportfishing that do not address these dimensions are unlikely to result in a viable industry. Given the current interest and growth of sportfishing in developing countries, the proposed guidelines can help a range of end users manage, conserve and maximize livelihood benefits from their fishery.
Is risk consistent across tier‐based harvest control rule management systems? A comparison of four case‐studies
Authors: Dichmont Catherine M , Punt André E , Dowling Natalie , De Oliveira José A A , Little Lorne R , Sporcic Miriana , Fulton Elizabeth , Gorton Rebecca , Klaer Neil , Haddon Malcolm , Smith David C 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThere can be substantial differences in data quality and quantity among fished species. Consequently, the quality and type of assessments can also vary substantially. However, all species, especially those that are targeted, need to be managed. Several jurisdictions have developed hierarchical tier systems that categorize stocks based on, for example, the data available for assessment purposes and/or the extent to which quantities on which management advice is based can be estimated. Four case‐studies (Australia's Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery, the USA west coast groundfishery, the USA Alaskan crab fishery and EU fisheries) are used to contrast the types of hierarchical tier systems available, and to assess the extent to which each system constrains risk to be equivalent among the tiers (termed risk equivalency). Only the Australian system explicitly aims to achieve risk equivalency. However, this intent has not been fully operationalized. Our review reveals that best practice is not to define tiers simply on data availability, but also on what the assessments based on those data are capable of estimating. In addition, clearly differentiating the quantification of uncertainty from how decision‐makers wish to address that uncertainty would simplify justification of buffers (the gap between the assessment‐produced target catch or effort and the final management decision that accounts for uncertainty and risk). Risk equivalency can be achieved using management strategy evaluation to select the values for control variables, which determine the buffer given the uncertainty associated with the assessment.
Temperature‐based targeting in a multispecies fishery under climate change
Authors: Dunn Daniel C. , Moxley Jerry H. , Halpin Patrick N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTemperature controls important physiological processes in fish and determines aspects of their niches. In an effort to inform selective fishing and spatiotemporal management in the U.S. Northeast Multispecies fishery, we used 16 years of data from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center Spring and Fall Scientific Trawl Surveys to determine if bottom temperature can be used to differentiate the distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from other species within the fishery management plan (FMP). We identified two separate regimes in spring temperatures and used empirical cumulative distribution functions to calculate biomass availability by temperature for each species. We applied a bagged approach to find optimum thermal threshold values that maximize the difference in cod biomass from each of the other species. For our study area, 38% to 54% of the species considered were well separated from cod by temperature in spring, whereas only 17% were separable in the fall. This study suggests that temperature targeting can be used seasonally to separate cod from many other species in the FMP including top catches and no‐retention species. The use of temperature targeting may allow fishermen to better meet multiple quotas while avoiding choke species. Our results also suggested increasing thermal overlap between cod and species inhabiting higher median temperatures (e.g., spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias) under the current warming temperature regime. These results indicate that the ability to selectively fish in the US Northeast Multispecies fishery will become more difficult under a warming ocean.
Spatio‐temporal variation of biotic factors underpins contemporary range dynamics of congeners
Authors: Naujokaitis‐Lewis Ilona , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSpecies’ ranges are complex often exhibiting multidirectional shifts over space and time. Despite the strong fingerprint of recent historical climate change on species’ distributions, biotic factors such as loss of vegetative habitat and the presence of potential competitors constitute important yet often overlooked drivers of range dynamics. Furthermore, short‐term changes in environmental conditions can influence the underlying processes of local extinction and local colonization that drive range shifts, yet are rarely considered at broad scales. We used dynamic state‐space occupancy models to test multiple hypotheses of the relative importance of major drivers of range shifts of Golden‐winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) and Blue‐winged Warblers (V. cyanoptera) between 1983 and 2012 across North America: warming temperatures; habitat changes; and occurrence of congeneric species, used here as proxy for biotic interactions. Dynamic occupancies for both species were most influenced by spatial relative to temporal variation in temperature and habitat. However, temporal variation in temperature anomalies and biotic interactions remained important. The two biotic factors considered, habitat change and biotic interactions, had the largest relative effect on estimated extinction rates followed by abiotic temperature anomalies. For the Golden‐winged Warbler, the predicted presence of the Blue‐winged Warbler, a hypothesized competitor, most influenced extinction probabilities, contributing to evidence supporting its role in site‐level species replacement. Given the overall importance of biotic factors on range‐wide dynamic occupancies, their consideration alongside abiotic factors should not be overlooked. Our results suggest that warming compounds the negative effect of habitat loss emphasizing species’ need for habitat to adapt to a changing climate. Notably, even closely related species exhibited individual responses to abiotic and biotic factors considered.