bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐Scale Controls of the Surface Water Balance Over Land: Insights From a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Padrón Ryan S. , Gudmundsson Lukas , Greve Peter , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe long‐term surface water balance over land is described by the partitioning of precipitation (P) into runoff and evapotranspiration (ET), and is commonly characterized by the ratio ET/P. The ratio between potential evapotranspiration (PET) and P is explicitly considered to be the primary control of ET/P within the Budyko framework, whereas all other controls are often integrated into a single parameter, ω. Although the joint effect of these additional controlling factors of ET/P can be significant, a detailed understanding of them is yet to be achieved. This study therefore introduces a new global data set for the long‐term mean partitioning of P into ET and runoff in 2,733 catchments, which is based on in situ observations and assembled from a systematic examination of peer‐reviewed studies. A total of 26 controls of ET/P that are proposed in the literature are assessed using the new data set. Results reveal that: (i) factors controlling ET/P vary between regions with different climate types; (ii) controls other than PET/P explain at least 35% of the ET/P variance in all regions, and up to ∼90% in arid climates; (iii) among these, climate factors and catchment slope dominate over other landscape characteristics; and (iv) despite the high attention that vegetation‐related indices receive as controls of ET/P, they are found to play a minor and often nonsignificant role. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive picture on factors controlling the partitioning of P, with valuable insights for model development, watershed management, and the assessment of water resources around the globe.
Minocycline protects against delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage via matrix metalloproteinase‐9 inhibition
Authors: Vellimana Ananth K. , Zhou Meng‐Liang , Singh Itender , Aum Diane J. , Nelson James W. , Harris Glenn R. , Athiraman Umeshkumar , Han Byung H. , Zipfel Gregory J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveDelayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is an independent risk factor for poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is multifactorial in etiology. While prior studies have suggested a role for matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in early brain injury after SAH, its contribution to the pathophysiology of DCI is unclear.MethodsIn the first experiment, wild‐type (WT) and MMP‐9−/− mice were subjected to sham or endovascular perforation SAH surgery. In separate experiments, WT and MMP‐9−/−mice were administered vehicle or minocycline either pre‐ or post‐SAH. All mice underwent assessment of multiple components of DCI including vasospasm, neurobehavioral function, and microvessel thrombosis. In another experiment, rabbits were subjected to sham or cisterna magna injection SAH surgery, and administered vehicle or minocycline followed by vasospasm assessment.ResultsMMP‐9 expression and activity was increased after SAH. Genetic (MMP‐9−/− mice) and pharmacological (pre‐SAH minocycline administration) inhibition of MMP‐9 resulted in decreased vasospasm and neurobehavioral deficits. A therapeutically feasible strategy of post‐SAH administration of minocycline resulted in attenuation of multiple components of DCI. Minocycline administration to MMP‐9−/− mice did not yield additional protection. Consistent with experiments in mice, both pre‐ and post‐SAH administration of minocycline attenuated SAH‐induced vasospasm in rabbits.InterpretationMMP‐9 is a key player in the pathogenesis of DCI. The consistent attenuation of multiple components of DCI with both pre‐ and post‐SAH administration of minocycline across different species and experimental models of SAH, combined with the excellent safety profile of minocycline in humans suggest that a clinical trial in SAH patients is warranted.
A decade of rapid change: Biocultural influences on child growth in highland Peru
Authors: Oths Kathryn S. , Smith Hannah N. , Stein Max J. , Lazo Landivar Rodrigo J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn the past decade many areas of Peru have been undergoing extreme environmental, economic, and cultural change. In the highland hamlet of Chugurpampa, La Libertad, climate change has ruined harvests and led to frequent periods of migration to the coast in search of livelihood. This biocultural research examines how the changes could be affecting the growth of children who maintain residence in the highlands.MethodsClinical records from the early 2000s were compared to those from the early 2010s. Charts were randomly selected to record anthropometric data, netting a sample of 75 children ages 0‐60 months of age. Analysis of covariance was run to compare mean stature, weight, and BMI between cohorts. Percentage of children who fall below the −2 threshold for z‐scores for height and weight were compared by age and cohort.ResultsA significant secular trend in growth was found, with children born more recently larger than those born a decade before. The effect is most notable in the first year of life, with the growth advantage attenuated by the age of 3 for height and age 4 for weight. While children were unlikely to be stunted from 0 to 3 years of age, 44% of the later cohort were stunted and 11% were underweight from 4 to 5 years of age.ConclusionsThree possible explanations for the rapid shift are entertained: more time spent on the coast during gestation and early childhood, which may attenuate the effect of hypoxia on child growth; dietary change; and increased use of biomedicine.
A Tunable and Enantioselective Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reaction Provides Access to Distinct Piperidinoyl Spirooxindoles
Authors: Jayakumar Samydurai , Louven Kathrin , Strohmann Carsten , Kumar Kamal 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe active complexes of chiral N,N′‐dioxide ligands with dysprosium and magnesium salts catalyze the hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction between 2‐aza‐3‐silyloxy‐butadienes and alkylidene oxindoles to selectively form 3,3′‐ and 3,4′‐piperidinoyl spirooxindoles, respectively, in very high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. The exo‐selective asymmetric cycloaddition successfully regaled the construction of sp3‐rich and highly substituted natural‐product‐based spirooxindoles supporting many chiral centers, including contiguous all‐carbon quaternary centers.
Association of Distinct Fine Specificities of Anti−Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies With Elevated Immune Responses to Prevotella intermedia in a Subgroup of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis
Authors: Schwenzer Anja , Quirke Anne‐Marie , Marzeda Anna M. , Wong Alicia , Montgomery Anna B. , Sayles Harlan R. , Eick Sigrun , Gawron Katarzyna , Chomyszyn‐Gajewska Maria , Łazarz‐Bartyzel Katarzyna , Davis Simon , Potempa Jan , Kessler Benedikt M. , Fischer Roman , Venables Patrick J. , Payne Jeffrey B. , Mikuls Ted R. , Midwood Kim S. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveIn addition to the long‐established link with smoking, periodontitis (PD) is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism by which PD could induce antibodies to citrullinated peptides (ACPAs), by examining the antibody response to a novel citrullinated peptide of cytokeratin 13 (CK‐13) identified in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and comparing the response to 4 other citrullinated peptides in patients with RA who were well‐characterized for PD and smoking.MethodsThe citrullinomes of GCF and periodontal tissue from patients with PD were mapped by mass spectrometry. ACPAs of CK13 (cCK13), tenascin‐C (cTNC5), vimentin (cVIM), α‐enolase (CEP‐1), and fibrinogen β (cFIBβ) were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in patients with RA (n = 287) and patients with osteoarthritis (n = 330), and cross‐reactivity was assessed by inhibition assays.ResultsA novel citrullinated peptide cCK13‐1 (444TSNASGR‐Cit‐TSDV‐Cit‐RP458) identified in GCF exhibited elevated antibody responses in RA patients (24%). Anti–cCK13‐1 antibody levels correlated with anti–cTNC5 antibody levels, and absorption experiments confirmed this was not due to cross‐reactivity. Only anti–cCK13‐1 and anti‐cTNC5 were associated with antibodies to the periodontal pathogen Prevotella intermedia (P = 0.05 and P = 0.001, respectively), but not with antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis arginine gingipains. Levels of antibodies to CEP‐1, cFIBβ, and cVIM correlated with each other, and with smoking and shared epitope risk factors in RA.ConclusionThis study identifies 2 groups of ACPA fine specificities associated with different RA risk factors. One is predominantly linked to smoking and shared epitope, and the other links anti–cTNC5 and cCK13‐1 to infection with the periodontal pathogen P intermedia.
Sight Impairment registration due to stroke—A small yet significant rise?
Authors: Bunce Catey , Zekite Antra , Wormald Richard , Rowe Fiona 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn the United Kingdom, when an individual's sight falls to and remains at a certain threshold, they may be offered registration as sight impaired. Recent analysis of causes of registrable sight impairment in England/Wales indicated that visual impairment due to stroke had increased as a proportionate cause of sight loss. We aim to assess whether there is evidence of an increase in incidence of certification for sight impairment due to stroke in England/Wales between 2008 and 2014.Materials and MethodsThe number of certifications with a main cause of sight impairment being stroke was obtained from the Certifications Office London. Directly standardized rates per 100,000 were computed with 95% confidence intervals and examined. Poisson regression was used to assess evidence of trend over time.ResultsIn the year ending 31st March 2008, 992 people were newly certified with stroke with an estimated DSR of 2.1 (2.0 to 2.2) per 100,000 persons at risk. In the year ending March 31st 2014, there were 1310 certifications with a DSR of 2.5 (2.4 to 2.7). Figures were higher for men than women. Poisson regression indicated an estimated incidence rate ratio of 1.03 per year with 95% confidence intervals of 1.028 to 1.051, P < .001.ConclusionsThese data suggest a small but statistically significant increase in the incidence of certifiable visual impairment due to stroke between 2008 and 2014. Figures are, however, considerably lower than estimated, perhaps suggesting that more should be done to address the visual needs of those who have suffered stroke.
Hirayama disease: diagnostic essentials in neuroimaging
Authors: Kapetanakis Stylianos , Chourmouzi Danae , Terzoudi Aikaterini , Georgiou Nikiforos , Giovannopoulou Eirini 
Published: October 2017

Key clinical MessageA 22‐year‐old male presented with progressive muscular weakness of the upper extremities. MRI of the cervical spine established the final diagnosis of Hirayama disease (HD). HD is a rare disease with benign progress. Neurologists and radiologists should be aware of the specific neuroimaging signs of this rare clinical entity.
Binding of Hydrophobic Guests in a Coordination Cage Cavity is Driven by Liberation of “High‐Energy” Water
Authors: Metherell Alexander J. , Cullen William , Williams Nicholas H. , Ward Michael D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe cavity of an M8L12 cubic coordination cage can accommodate a cluster of ten water molecules in which the average number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule is 0.5 H‐bonds less than it would be in the bulk solution. The presence of these “hydrogen‐bond frustrated” or “high‐energy” water molecules in the cavity results in the hydrophobic effect associated with guest binding being predominantly enthalpy‐based, as these water molecules can improve their hydrogen‐bonding environment on release. This contrasts with the classical form of the hydrophobic effect in which the favourable entropy change associated with release of ordered molecules from hydrophobic surfaces dominates. For several guests Van't Hoff plots showed that the free energy of binding in water is primarily enthalpy driven. For five homologous pairs of guests related by the presence or absence of a CH2 group, the incremental changes to ΔH and TΔS for guest binding—that is, ΔΔH and TΔΔS, the difference in contributions arising from the CH2 group—are consistently 5(±1) kJ mol−1 for ΔΔH and 0(±1) kJ mol−1 for TΔΔS. This systematic dominance of ΔH in the binding of hydrophobic guests is consistent with the view that guest binding is dominated by release of “high energy” water molecules into a more favourable solvation environment, as has been demonstrated recently for some members of the cucurbituril family.
Photoinduced Direct Conversion of Cyclohexane into Cyclohexanone Oxime using LEDs
Authors: Wysocki Jędrzej , Teles Joaquim Henrique , Dehn Richard , Trapp Oliver , Schäfer Bernd , Schaub Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA selective direct photochemical transformation of cyclohexane into cyclohexanone oxime using tert‐butyl nitrite and UV LED diodes is described. The reaction allows the direct introduction of an oxime group into a hydrocarbon using a simple set‐up in one step that proceeds in a clean fashion, a transformation which technically would require several steps. This straightforward method may provide a valuable alternative to significantly more expensive common procedures for the synthesis of cyclohexanone oxime, a key precursor to the Nylon‐6 polymer.
Submandibular gland cancer: Specific features and treatment considerations
Authors: Aro Katri , Tarkkanen Jussi , Saat Riste , Saarilahti Kauko , Mäkitie Antti , Atula Timo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn the absence of unified treatment protocol, we evaluated the management and outcomes of submandibular gland cancers in an unselected patient series.MethodsWe included all patients with resected submandibular gland cancer treated at the Helsinki University Hospital from 2000 to 2010 with a 5‐year minimum follow‐up.ResultsTwenty‐five patients with cancer represented 30% of submandibular gland neoplasms, and most were adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs; 56%). At presentation, 3 patients showed clinical signs of probable malignancy. Of 22 neck dissection specimens, 5 patients (20%) had metastases with an occult metastasis rate of 4%. Cancer recurred in 11 patients (44%), of which 7 (28%) were only at a distant site. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 76%, and disease‐free survival (DFS) was 68%.ConclusionMost tumors were ACCs differing from the histological pattern of parotid gland cancers. Occult metastases were rare. The rarity of submandibular gland cancer, its variable histological pattern, and varying biological behavior warrant centralized management.
Does Visceral or Subcutaneous Fat Influence Peripheral Cortical Bone Strength During Adolescence? A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Glass Natalie A , Torner James C , Letuchy Elena M , Burns Trudy L , Janz Kathleen F , Eichenberger Gilmore Julie M , Schlechte Janet A , Levy Steven M 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the longitudinal relationships among visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and peripheral bone strength during adolescence. Fat and lean mass, VAT and SAT area, and android/gynoid (A/G) ratio were estimated with DXA. Our main outcome was strength-strain index (SSI), an indicator of peripheral bone strength estimated by pQCT at the radius and tibia. Sex-specific analyses evaluated the longitudinal bone-fat relationship from ages 11 to 19 years with linear mixed models using biological age as the time variable and adjusted for limb length and lean mass in 182 girls and 167 boys. Variables were standardized (mean = 0, SD = 1) prior to model fitting and results shown are parameter estimates ± SE. Fat mass and SAT were positively associated with SSI (radius: 0.07 ± 0.02, p = 0.003 and 0.05 ± 0.02, 0.041, respectively; tibia: 0.09 ± 0.02, p &lt; 0.001 and 0.08 ± 0.02, p &lt; 0.001, respectively) prior to, but not following adjustment for lean mass in girls. In contrast, fat mass and SAT were negatively associated with radial SSI, both before and after adjustment for lean mass in boys (fat mass: –0.05 ± 0.01, p = 0.001; SAT: –0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.004). In full models, negative associations were limited to VAT in girls and included radial (–0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.001) and tibial SSI (–0.04 ± 0.02, p = 0.033). For boys, there were no significant associations present between VAT and SSI at the radius or tibia. In analyses limited to obese participants, an A/G ratio was not significantly associated with SSI in girls, but was negatively associated with radial SSI regardless of adjustment for lean mass in boys (–0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.018). These results that show a negative relationship between peripheral bone strength and VAT in girls, but greater total and central adiposity in boys, suggest these factors play a role in adequate acquisition of bone strength during adolescence. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A novel approach to statistical‐dynamical downscaling for long‐term wind resource predictions
Authors: Chávez‐Arroyo Roberto , Fernandes‐Correia Pedro , Lozano‐Galiana Sergio , Sanz‐Rodrigo Javier , Amezcua Javier , Probst Oliver 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTA new method for the long‐term prediction of the wind resource based on the concept of statistical‐dynamical downscaling is presented. This new approach uses mean sea level pressure maps from global reanalysis data (National Centers for Environmental Prediction Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (NCEP‐DOE AMIP‐II)) and image processing techniques to identify a synthetic reference period which optimally matches the corresponding long‐term maps. Four different image processing techniques, averaged into one image similarity error index, are used to evaluate image similarity. A representative set of days is selected by requiring the error index to be minimal. Validation of representativeness in terms of the wind resource for the Iberian domain is performed against 10 years of measured wind data from Navarra (Spain), as well as mesoscale simulations of the Iberian Peninsula. The new approach is shown to outperform not only the industry‐standard method but also other recently proposed methods in its capability to achieve mesoscale level representativeness. A particular advantage of the new method is its capability of simultaneously providing a representative period for all potential wind farm sites located within large regional domains without requiring re‐running of the method for different candidate sites.
Brazilian Northeast Jet Stream: frequency, wind speed and direction
Authors: Fedorova Natalia , Levit Vladimir , Campos Antonio Marcos Vianna 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe Brazilian Northeast Jet Stream (BNEJS) was analysed over 16 years (1994–2009) using reanalysis data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction – National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP‐NCAR). With a wind speed higher than 30 m s−1, the BNEJS was observed on average for 69 days year−1, and reached 114 days in 2003. More frequently, these jet streams were observed during the rainy season (9 days month−1, on average), and rarely between February and April (2 days month−1, on average). The study found that the BNEJS, with a minimum speed limit of 20 m s−1, occurred very often (it was detected almost every day). The average wind speed of the BNEJS was 37 m s−1, and reached a maximum of 64 m s−1. The directions of the BNEJS were identified to be more often from the northwest and the southwest, and were rarely found occurring from the north. That from the northwest occurred more frequently in winter and autumn (288 and 172 days, respectively). The BNEJS's direction from the southeast has a similar frequency during both spring and summer (64 and 63 days, respectively).
Increased Small Intestine Expression of Non‐Heme Iron Transporters in Morbidly Obese Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Moreno‐Navarrete José María , Rodríguez Amaia , Becerril Sara , Valentí Víctor , Salvador Javier , Frühbeck Gema , Fernández‐Real José Manuel 
Published: October 2017

ScopeTo investigate intestinal markers of iron absorption in morbidly obese subjects according to glucose tolerance.Methods and resultsGene expression of both non‐heme (SLC40A1 (ferroportin), SLC11A2) and heme iron (SLC46A1 (HCP1), HMOX1) transporters is analyzed in 38 small intestine tissue samples [11 with normal glucose tolerance, 14 with glucose intolerance (GI), and 13 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D)]. SLC40A1 (r = 0.43, p = 0.008) and SLC11A2 (r = 0.35, p = 0.03) mRNA levels are positively correlated with ferritin‐to‐hepcidin ratio and with fasting glucose, being significantly increased in patients with T2D. Only ferroportin is negatively associated with serum hepcidin (r = –0.617, p < 0.0001). In multivariate regression analysis, fasting glucose contributes independently to intestinal SLC40A1 (p = 0.009) and SLC11A2 (p = 0.04) variance after controlling for age, sex, and BMI. When circulating hepcidin is incorporated into the model, fasting glucose contributes significantly and independently to intestinal SLC40A1 (p = 0.02), but not to SLC11A2 (p = 0.07) variance. SLC46A1 and HMOX1 are similar in all groups.ConclusionThe expression of ferroportin and SLC11A2 is increased in the intestine of patients with T2D in association with iron stores and serum hepcidin levels. Increased intestinal iron absorption is a potential mechanism that could explain the increased body iron stores frequently observed in patients with T2D.
Anregen und tauschen
Authors: Abramov Alex , Häring Marleen , Díaz Díaz David 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPhotonen‐Hochkonversion verwandelt energiearme Photonen in energiereiche. Um diese Photonen zu konzentrieren, eignen sich selbstanordnende, supramolekulare Gele als Reaktionsmedium: Sie begrenzen den Reaktionsraum und wirken daher wie ein Mikroreaktor. Aus Molekülen entstehen so Donor‐Akzeptor‐Paare, und angeregte Zustände werden stabilisiert.
Licht aus Proteinen
Authors: Sauer Susanne 
Published: November 2017

AbstractForscher der Universität Erlangen haben eine LED entwickelt, die Proteine als Leuchtstoffe verwendet. Die Biomoleküle sind billiger und umweltfreundlicher als die Farbstoffe in herkömmlichen Weißlicht‐LED. Zudem erzeugt die LED auf Proteinbasis Licht einer natürlicheren Farbtemperatur.
Kraftwerksschornstein als Experiment
Authors: Duvinage Brigitte 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlle Rahmenpläne für den Chemieunterricht thematisieren Schwefeldioxid. Dabei geht es um dessen Eigenschaften und Entstehung, die Umweltbelastung sowie die Möglichkeiten, Rauchgase zu entschwefeln. Die Rauchgasentschwefelung in Kohlekraftwerken können Schüler jetzt mit einem Modellexperiment erkunden.
Bioorganiker tagen in Berlin
Authors: Heretsch Philipp , Teichert Johannes 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEnde September fand in den Räumen der TU Berlin das Nachwuchswissenschaftler‐Symposium „Bioorganische Chemie“ statt. Bei dem dreitägigen Treffen, das zum 26. Mal stattfand, präsentierten 25 Nachwuchsgruppenleiter von Universitäten und Forschungsinstituten aus Deutschland sowie dem europäischen Ausland die neuesten Ergebnisse aus ihren Arbeitsgruppen.