bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacillus subtilis Early Colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors
Authors: Allard-Massicotte Rosalie , Tessier Laurence , Lécuyer Frédéric , Lakshmanan Venkatachalam , Lucier Jean-François , Garneau Daniel , Caudwell Larissa , Vlamakis Hera , Bais Harsh P. , Beauregard Pascale B. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Colonization of plant roots by
Bacillus subtilis
is mutually beneficial to plants and bacteria. Plants can secrete up to 30% of their fixed carbon via root exudates, thereby feeding the bacteria, and in return the associated
B. subtilis
bacteria provide the plant with many growth-promoting traits. Formation of a biofilm on the root by matrix-producing
B. subtilis
is a well-established requirement for long-term colonization. However, we observed that cells start forming a biofilm only several hours after motile cells first settle on the plant. We also found that intact chemotaxis machinery is required for early root colonization by
B. subtilis
and for plant protection.
Arabidopsis thaliana
root exudates attract
B. subtilis in vitro
, an activity mediated by the two characterized chemoreceptors, McpB and McpC, as well as by the orphan receptor TlpC. Nonetheless, bacteria lacking these chemoreceptors are still able to colonize the root, suggesting that other chemoreceptors might also play a role in this process. These observations suggest that
A. thaliana
actively recruits
B. subtilis
through root-secreted molecules, and our results stress the important roles of
B. subtilis
chemoreceptors for efficient colonization of plants in natural environments. These results demonstrate a remarkable strategy adapted by beneficial rhizobacteria to utilize carbon-rich root exudates, which may facilitate rhizobacterial colonization and a mutualistic association with the host.

IMPORTANCE
Bacillus subtilis
is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that establishes robust interactions with roots. Many studies have now demonstrated that biofilm formation is required for long-term colonization. However, we observed that motile
B. subtilis
mediates the first contact with the roots. These cells differentiate into biofilm-producing cells only several hours after the bacteria first contact the root. Our study reveals that intact chemotaxis machinery is required for the bacteria to reach the root. Many, if not all, of the
B. subtilis
10 chemoreceptors are involved in the interaction with the plant. These observations stress the importance of root-bacterium interactions in the
B. subtilis
lifestyle.
Feasibility, qualitative findings and satisfaction of a brief Tai Chi mind–body programme for veterans with post-traumatic stress symptoms
Authors: Niles Barbara L , Mori DeAnna L , Polizzi Craig P , Pless Kaiser Anica , Ledoux Annie M , Wang Chenchen 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo examine feasibility, qualitative feedback and satisfaction associated with a 4-session introduction to Tai Chi for veterans with post-traumatic stress symptoms.DesignWe observed and reported recruitment and retention rates, participant characteristics, adherence, and satisfaction across 2 cohorts. We also examined qualitative feedback provided by questionnaires, focus groups and individual interviews.Main outcome measuresRates of recruitment and retention, focus group and individual feedback interviews, self-reported satisfaction.Participants17 veterans with post-traumatic stress symptoms.ResultsAlmost 90% (17/19) of those eligible following the telephone screen enrolled in the programme. Three-quarters (76.4%) of the participants attended at least 3 of the 4 Tai Chi sessions. Qualitative data analysis revealed themes indicating favourable impressions of the Tai Chi sessions. In addition, participants reported feeling very engaged during the sessions, and found Tai Chi to be helpful for managing distressing symptoms (ie, intrusive thoughts, concentration difficulties, physiological arousal). Participants also reported high satisfaction: 93.8% endorsed being very or mostly satisfied with the programme. All participants (100%) indicated that they would like to participate in future Tai Chi programmes and would recommend it to a friend.ConclusionsTai Chi appears to be feasible and safe for veterans with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is perceived to be beneficial and is associated with high rates of satisfaction. This study highlights the need for future investigation of Tai Chi as a novel intervention to address symptoms of PTSD.
Effect of magnetic structural processing on structure and texture of La2Zr2O7 buffer layers
Authors: Chibirova F. Kh. , Kotina G. V. , Bovina E. A. , Tarasova D. V. , Polisan A. A. , Parkhomenko Yu. N. 
Published: November 2016

Epitaxial CeO2 seed layer and La2Zr2O7 (LZO) buffer layers were deposited on biaxially-textured Ni–5 at.% W (NiW) tape substrate by liquid-phase polymer assisted nanoparticles deposition (PAND) method. LZO layers deposited by PAND have consistently shown tilting of the [Formula: see text]-axis toward the direction of the sample’s surface normal. A new approach increasing the sharpening of the buffer texture by magnetic structural processing (MSP) of buffer layers was tested. The LZO layers, deposited on the seed and buffer layers after MSP, have dense and smooth surface structure, and more importantly, significantly improved out-of-plane texture, compared with the LZO layers that were deposited on a layer without MSP. Transmission electron microscopy study confirmed the [Formula: see text]-axis tilting of CeO2 and LZO layers and revealed the absence of interfaces between LZO layers which have been grown on the layers after MSP. There are very small (2–4 nm) gated pores in the single-crystal structure of LZO layers that are not typical for structure of LZO layers obtained by liquid-phase methods. Thus the LZO buffer layers can serve as an effective metal-ion diffusion barrier.
Transcriptional Regulator CNOT3 Defines an Aggressive Colorectal Cancer Subtype
Authors: Cejas Paloma , Cavazza Alessia , Yandava C.N. , Moreno Victor , Horst David , Moreno-Rubio Juan , Burgos Emilio , Mendiola Marta , Taing Len , Goel Ajay , Feliu Jaime , Shivdasani Ramesh A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit dramatic alterations of chromatin organization at cis-regulatory elements, but the molecular basis, extent, and impact of these alterations are still being unraveled. Here, we identify extensive genome-wide modification of sites bearing the active histone mark H3K4me2 in primary human colorectal cancers, as compared with corresponding benign precursor adenomas. Modification of certain colorectal cancer sites highlighted the activity of the transcription factor CNOT3, which is known to control self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESC). In primary colorectal cancer cells, we observed a scattered pattern of CNOT3 expression, as might be expected for a tumor-initiating cell marker. Colorectal cancer cells exhibited nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of CNOT3, suggesting possible roles in both transcription and mRNA stability. We found that CNOT3 was bound primarily to genes whose expression was affected by CNOT3 loss, and also at sites modulated in certain types of colorectal cancers. These target genes were implicated in ESC and cancer self-renewal and fell into two distinct groups: those dependent on CNOT3 and MYC for optimal transcription and those repressed by CNOT3 binding and promoter hypermethylation. Silencing CNOT3 in colorectal cancer cells resulted in replication arrest. In clinical specimens, early-stage tumors that included &gt;5% CNOT3+ cells exhibited a correlation to worse clinical outcomes compared with tumors with little to no CNOT3 expression. Together, our findings implicate CNOT3 in the coordination of colonic epithelial cell self-renewal, suggesting this factor as a new biomarker for molecular and prognostic classification of early-stage colorectal cancer. Cancer Res; 77(3); 766–79. ©2016 AACR.
High-Risk HPV, Biomarkers, and Outcome in Matched Cohorts of Head and Neck Cancer Patients Positive and Negative for HIV
Authors: Walline Heather M. , Carey Thomas E. , Goudsmit Christine M. , Bellile Emily L. , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Peterson Lisa A. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Pai Sara I. , Lee J. Jack , Shin Dong M. , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this study, high-risk HPV (hrHPV) incidence, prognostic biomarkers, and outcome were assessed in HIV-positive (case) and HIV-negative (control) patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). HIV-positive cases were matched to controls by tumor site, sex, and age at cancer diagnosis. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed and DNA isolated from tumor tissue. MultiPlex-PCR MassArray, L1-PCR, and in situ hybridization were used to assess hrHPV. TMA sections were stained for p16ink4a, TP53, RB, CCND1, EGFR, and scored for intensity and proportion of positive tumor cells. The HNSCC cohort included 41 HIV-positive cases and 41 HIV-negative controls. Tumors from 11 of 40 (28%) cases, and 10 of 41 (24%) controls contained hrHPV. p16 expression, indicative of E7 oncogene activity, was present in 10 of 11 HPV-positive cases and 7 of 10 HPV-positive controls. Low p16 and high TP53 expression in some HPV-positive tumors suggested HPV-independent tumorigenesis. Survival did not differ in cases and controls. RB expression was significantly associated with poor survival (P = 0.01). High TP53 expression exhibited a trend for poorer survival (P = 0.12), but among cases, association with poor survival reached statistical significance (P = 0.04). The proportion of HPV-positive tumors was similar, but the heterogeneity of HPV types was higher in the HIV-positive cases than in HIV-negative controls. High RB expression predicted poor survival, and high TP53 expression was associated with poorer survival in the HIV-positive cases but not HIV-negative controls.
Implications: HIV infection did not increase risk of death from HNSCC, and HPV-positive tumors continued to be associated with a significantly improved survival, independent of HIV status. Mol Cancer Res; 15(2); 179–88. ©2016 AACR.
Stress-Activated Kinase Mitogen-Activated Kinase Kinase-7 Governs Epigenetics of Cardiac Repolarization for Arrhythmia Prevention
Authors: Chowdhury Sanjoy K. , Liu Wei , Zi Min , Li Yatong , Wang Shunyao , Tsui Hoyee , Prehar Sukhpal , Castro Simon , Zhang Henggui , Ji Yong , Zhang Xiuqin , Xiao Ruiping , Zhang Rongli , Lei Ming , Cyganek Lukas , Guan Kaomei , Millar Catherine B. , Liao Xudong , Jain Mukesh K. , Boyett Mark R. , Cartwright Elizabeth J. , Shiels Holly A. , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Ventricular arrhythmia is a leading cause of cardiac mortality. Most antiarrhythmics present paradoxical proarrhythmic side effects, culminating in a greater risk of sudden death.

Methods:
We describe a new regulatory mechanism linking mitogen-activated kinase kinase-7 deficiency with increased arrhythmia vulnerability in hypertrophied and failing hearts using mouse models harboring mitogen-activated kinase kinase-7 knockout or overexpression. The human relevance of this arrhythmogenic mechanism is evaluated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Therapeutic potentials by targeting this mechanism are explored in the mouse models and human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes.

Results:

Mechanistically, hypertrophic stress dampens expression and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated kinase kinase-7. Such mitogen-activated kinase kinase-7 deficiency leaves histone deacetylase-2 unphosphorylated and filamin-A accumulated in the nucleus to form a complex with Krüppel-like factor-4. This complex leads to Krüppel-like factor-4 disassociation from the promoter regions of multiple key potassium channel genes (Kv4.2, KChIP2, Kv1.5, ERG1, and Kir6.2) and reduction of their transcript levels. Consequent repolarization delays result in ventricular arrhythmias. Therapeutically, targeting the repressive function of the Krüppel-like factor-4/histone deacetylase-2/filamin-A complex with the histone deacetylase-2 inhibitor valproic acid restores K
+
channel expression and alleviates ventricular arrhythmias in pathologically remodeled hearts.

Conclusions:
Our findings unveil this new gene regulatory avenue as a new antiarrhythmic target where repurposing of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid as an antiarrhythmic is supported.
Circulating MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers of Stenosis Progression in Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Dolz Sandra , Górriz David , Tembl José Ignacio , Sánchez Dolors , Fortea Gerardo , Parkhutik Vera , Lago Aida 
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose—
Progression of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) in patients with >50% luminal narrowing is considered a potential risk factor for ischemic stroke; however, subclinical molecular biomarkers of ACAS progression are lacking. Recent studies suggest a regulatory function for several microRNAs (miRNAs) on the evolution of carotid plaque, but its role in ACAS progression is mostly unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate a wide miRNA panel in peripheral blood exosomes from patients with ACAS to associate circulating miRNA expression profiles with stenosis progression.

Methods—
The study included 60 patients with ACAS carrying >50% luminal narrowing. First, miRNA expression profiles of circulating exosomes were determined by Affymetrix microarrays from plasma samples of 16 patients from the cohort. Second, those miRNAs among the most differentially expressed in patients with ACAS progression were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction in a separate replication cohort of 39 subjects within the patient sample.

Results—
Our results showed that ACAS progression was associated with development of stroke. MiR-199b-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-221-3p, and miR-24-3p presented significant higher expression in those patients with ACAS progression.

Conclusions—
In conclusion, our study supports that specific circulating miRNA expression profiles could provide a new tool that complements the monitoring of ACAS progression, improving therapeutic approaches to prevent ischemic stroke.
Estimating the Risks of Adverse Radiation Effects After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Kano Hideyuki , Flickinger John C. , Tonetti Daniel , Hsu Alan , Yang Huai-che , Flannery Thomas J. , Niranjan Ajay , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose—
We evaluated risk factors associated with the development of adverse radiation effects (ARE) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Methods—
We evaluated 755 patients with AVM who underwent a single Gamma Knife SRS procedure with at least a 2-year minimum follow-up. Eighty-seven patients (12%) underwent previous resection and 128 (17%) had previous embolization. The median target volume was 3.6 mL (range, 0.1–26.3 mL). The median margin dose was 20 Gy (range, 13–27 Gy).

Results—
Fifty-five patients (7%) developed symptomatic ARE at a median follow-up of 75 months. The cumulative rates of symptomatic ARE were 3.2%, 5.8%, 6.7%, and 7.5% at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Factors associated with a higher rate of developing symptomatic ARE included larger AVM volume, higher margin dose, larger 12-Gy volume, higher Spetzler–Martin grade, and higher radiosurgery-based score. The rates of developing symptomatic ARE were higher in the brain stem (22%) or thalamus (16%), compared with AVMs located in other brain locations (4%–8%). Nineteen patients (3%) sustained irreversible new neurological deficits related to ARE, and 1 patient died. The rates of irreversible symptomatic ARE were 0.8%, 1.9%, 2.1%, and 2.8% at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The 5-year cumulative rates of irreversible symptomatic ARE were 9.1% in thalamus, 12.1% in brain stem, and 1.4% in other locations.

Conclusions—
The knowledge of ARE risk rates after AVM radiosurgery can assist informed consent for patients with AVM, their families, and healthcare providers.
Future Climate Change Impacts on Snow and Water Resources of the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia
Authors: Islam Siraj ul , Déry Stephen J. , Werner Arelia T. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Changes in air temperature and precipitation can modify snowmelt-driven runoff in snowmelt-dominated regimes. This study focuses on climate change impacts on the snow hydrology of the Fraser River basin (FRB) of British Columbia (BC), Canada, using the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC). Statistically downscaled forcing datasets based on 12 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are used to drive VIC for two 30-yr time periods, a historical baseline (1980–2009) and future projections (2040–69: 2050s), under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. The ensemble-based VIC simulations reveal widespread and regionally coherent spatial changes in snowfall, snow water equivalent (SWE), and snow cover over the FRB by the 2050s. While the mean precipitation is projected to increase slightly, the fraction of precipitation falling as snow is projected to decrease by nearly 50% in the 2050s compared to the baseline. Snow accumulation and snow-covered area are projected to decline substantially across the FRB, particularly in the Rocky Mountains. Onset of springtime snowmelt in the 2050s is projected to be nearly 25 days earlier than historically, yielding more runoff in the winter and spring for the Fraser River at Hope, BC, and earlier recession to low-flow volumes in summer. The ratio of snowmelt contribution to runoff decreases by nearly 20% in the Stuart and Nautley subbasins of the FRB in the 2050s. The decrease in SWE and loss of snow cover is greater from low to midelevations than in high elevations, where temperatures remain sufficiently cold for precipitation to fall as snow.
On the Dynamical Relationship between Equatorial Pacific Surface Currents, Zonally Averaged Equatorial Sea Level, and El Niño Prediction
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Clarke Allan J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrevious work has shown that for large zonal scales and low frequencies, wind-forced sea level, even near the equator, can be described by wind-forced long Rossby waves. In the eastern equatorial Pacific where the interannual wind forcing is small, these waves are essentially locally unforced and propagate westward from the boundary. At the boundary the waves’ sea level is in phase because of geostrophy and no normal flow to the boundary. However, because the waves propagate more slowly with increasing latitude, west of the boundary lag increases as latitude increases. Consequently a northward sea level gradient is like a time derivative, and the zonal geostrophic flow is like a time derivative of the sea level. This implies that the equatorial flow should lead the equatorial sea level by about 9 months on El Niño time scales. However, analysis shows that when dissipation of the large-scale flow is taken into account, this lead is reduced to about 3 months. This lead time is approximately the dissipation time scale of the second vertical mode, which dominates the zonal surface flow. Since the eastern equatorial Pacific sea level ηE is proportional to eastern equatorial thermocline displacement and El Niño, the zonal equatorial flow leads El Niño indices. Analysis also shows that the zonally averaged equatorial Pacific sea level leads El Niño and that this lead is associated with the geostrophic zonal velocity and the long Rossby wave physics.
Favorable Swallowing Outcomes following Vagus Nerve Sacrifice for Vagal Schwannoma Resection
Authors: Patel Mira A. , Eytan Danielle F. , Bishop Justin , Califano Joseph A. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of unilateral vagal sacrifice for vagal schwannoma on postoperative swallowing function.Study DesignCase series, chart review.SettingAcademic medical institution.Subjects and MethodsTen patients underwent vagus nerve sacrifice for vagal schwannoma resection. Archived pathology records dating from 1985 through 2012 at our institution were retrospectively queried for cases of vagal schwannoma with vagus nerve sacrifice. Medical records were abstracted for demographic and disease information as well as cranial nerve and swallowing function. Preoperative and postoperative cranial nerve function, subjective and objective measures of swallowing function, Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) level, and need for vocal fold medialization were variables collected. Data were analyzed with summary statistics.ResultsThe patients who underwent vagal sacrifice for vagal schwannoma at our institution had a mean age of 42.3 years (median, 44 years; range, 15‐63 years) and follow‐up of 35.6 months (median, 9 months; range, 1‐115 months). Most presented with no preoperative cranial nerve deficit or difficulty swallowing. Immediately postoperatively, 90% had a vagus nerve deficit, but 50% had no subjective difficulty swallowing, and 70% had a FOIS level of 7 at postoperative hospital discharge. Within 1 month after surgery, 70% had normal swallowing function according to a modified barium swallow study. A full diet was tolerated by mouth within an average of 2.7 days (median, 2 days; range, 1‐6 days) after surgery in this cohort. Seventy percent required vocal fold medialization postoperatively for incomplete glottic closure.ConclusionVagal nerve sacrifice during resection of vagal schwannoma can be performed with normal postoperative swallowing function.
Immigration Status, Visa Types, and Body Weight Among New Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Yeh Ming-Chin , Parikh Nina S. , Megliola Alison E. , Kelvin Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between immigration-related factors and body mass index (BMI) among immigrants. Design: Secondary analyses of cross-sectional survey data. Setting: The New Immigrant Survey (NIS-2003) contains data from in-person or telephone interviews between May and November 2003, with a probability sample of immigrants granted legal permanent residency in the United States. Participants: A total of 8573 US immigrants. Measures: The NIS-2003 provided data on sociobehavioral domains, including migration history, education, employment, marital history, language, and health-related behaviors. The visa classifications are as follows: (1) family reunification, (2) employment, (3) diversity, (4) refugee, and (5) legalization. Analysis: Nested multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate the independent relationships between BMI and the variables of interest. Results: Overall, 32.6% of participants were overweight and 11.3% were obese (mean BMI = 25). Participants who were admitted to the United States with employment, refugee, or legalization visas compared with those who came with family reunion visas had a significantly higher BMI ( P < .001, P < .001, P < .01, respectively). Duration in the United States predicted BMI, with those immigrants in the United States longer having a higher BMI ( P < .001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that immigrants who obtain particular visa categorizations and immigration status might have a higher risk of being overweight or obese. Immigrants need to be targeted along with the rest of the US population for weight management interventions.