bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging the nugget parameter for efficient Gaussian process modeling
Authors: Bostanabad Ramin , Kearney Tucker , Tao Siyu , Apley Daniel W. , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2017

SummaryGaussian process (GP) metamodels have been widely used as surrogates for computer simulations or physical experiments. The heart of GP modeling lies in optimizing the log‐likelihood function with respect to the hyperparameters to fit the model to a set of observations. The complexity of the log‐likelihood function, computational expense, and numerical instabilities challenge this process. These issues limit the applicability of GP models more when the size of the training data set and/or problem dimensionality increase. To address these issues, we develop a novel approach for fitting GP models that significantly improves computational expense and prediction accuracy. Our approach leverages the smoothing effect of the nugget parameter on the log‐likelihood profile to track the evolution of the optimal hyperparameter estimates as the nugget parameter is adaptively varied. The new approach is implemented in the R package GPM and compared to a popular GP modeling R package (GPfit) for a set of benchmark problems. The effectiveness of the approach is also demonstrated using an engineering problem to learn the constitutive law of a hyperelastic composite where the required level of accuracy in estimating the response gradient necessitates a large training data set.
On a Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman approach for coordinated optimal aircraft trajectories planning
Authors: Parzani Céline , Puechmorel Stéphane 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn the context of future air traffic management, an increasing importance is given to environmental considerations and especially fuel consumption. It is thus advisable to make an optimal use of external conditions knowledge, like wind or temperature, to reduce the total fuel needed to complete a flight. On the other hand, safety must be guaranteed all over the trajectory: encounters below the regulatory separation minima, termed as conflicts, must never occur. In this paper, we consider the problem of optimally planning conflict free aircraft trajectories, based on a minimal time criterion and taking into account an ambient wind field. Aircraft motions are restricted to the horizontal plane only to reduce the dimension of the problem and to avoid costly changes of flight level. Since global optimality for the whole set of aircraft is sought after, the admissible space is modeled after a Cartesian product of the individual, 2‐dimensional state spaces with forbidden configurations removed. A Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman approach in the so‐called configuration space obtained that way is then applied to get a coordinated, conflict‐free optimal planning. One of the main advantages of this method is the insurance of getting a global optimum without having to rely on a complex initialization procedure. In this work, the Ultra‐Bee scheme is adapted to configuration spaces and solved in a 4‐dimensional plus time setting.
Severity of arterial defects in the retina correlates with the burden of intracerebral haemorrhage in COL4A1‐related stroke
Authors: Ratelade Julien , Mezouar Nicolas , Domenga‐Denier Valérie , Rochey Ambre , Plaisier Emmanuelle , Joutel Anne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMutations in the α1 (COL4A1) or α2 (COL4A2) chains of collagen type IV, a major component of the vascular basement membrane, cause intracerebral haemorrhages with variable expressivity and reduced penetrance by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Here we sought to investigate the cellular mechanisms of COL4A1‐related intracerebral haemorrhage and identify a marker for haemorrhage risk stratification. A combination of histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy analyses were used to analyse the brain parenchyma, cerebrovasculature, and retinal vessels of mice expressing the disease‐causing COL4A1 p.G498V mutation. Mutant mice developed cerebral microhaemorrhages and macroscopic haemorrhages (macrohaemorrhages), the latter with reduced penetrance, mimicking the human disease. Microhaemorrhages that occurred in early postnatal life were associated with a transient, generalized increase in blood–brain barrier permeability at the level of capillaries. Macrohaemorrhages, which occurred later in life, originated from deep brain arteries with focal loss of smooth muscle cells. Similar smooth muscle cell loss was detected in retinal arteries, and a time‐course analysis of arterial lesions showed that smooth muscle cells are recruited normally in arterial wall during development, but undergo progressive apoptosis‐mediated degeneration. By assessing in parallel the extent of these retinal arterial lesions and the presence/absence of macrohaemorrhages, we found that the arterial lesion load in the retina is strongly correlated with the burden of macrohaemorrhages. We conclude that microhaemorrhages and macrohaemorrhages are driven by two distinct mechanisms. Moreover, smooth muscle cell degeneration is a critical factor underlying the partial penetrance of COL4A1‐related macrohaemorrhages, and retinal imaging is a promising tool for identifying high‐risk patients. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The view‐factor effect shaping ofI‐Vcharacteristics
Authors: Peled Assaf , Appelbaum Joseph 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe diffuse radiation collected by PV modules is coupled with a view‐factor of the module to sky, which varies across the module surface in multiple‐row installations. The view‐factor variation inflicts current mismatch between the module strings by virtue of the nonuniform solar flux absorbed by the module's cells, leading in turn to an overall reduction in performance. The following study establishes a theoretical framework for predicting the step‐wise properties of the module I‐V curve following the current mismatch induced by the view‐factor. To illustrate the steps pattern, synthetic I‐V curves are derived by using the 5‐parameter PV cell single‐diode model in conjunction with 3 additional parameters that account for the cell's avalanche breakdown. We investigate the steps pattern as well as the power losses incurred by the view‐factor by simulating different types of PV deployments over a range diffuse radiation rates. For a tilted module installed on a horizontal plane, for instance, the study predicts a reduction in power ranging 2.8% to 25%, depending on the precentage diffuse radiation on the site in question.
RAFT synthesis of polystyrene‐block‐poly(polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate) for zinc phthalocyanine‐loaded polymeric micelles as photodynamic therapy photosensitizers
Authors: Obata Makoto , Tanaka Shuto , Mizukoshi Hiroshi , Ishihara Eika , Takahashi Masaki , Hirohara Shiho 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTA series of polystyrene‐block‐poly(polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate) (PStm‐b‐PPEGAn) polymers were systematically synthesized as carriers for zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) for photodynamic therapy via reversible addition and fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The degree of polymerization of the styrene (m) and PEGA units (n) of the resulting block copolymers were characterized to be n = 174, 40, and 18 for m = 52; and n = 200, 84, and 31 for m = 30. All the block copolymers formed micelles in water. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the PStm‐b‐PPEGAn was determined by fluorometry using pyrene as a hydrophobic probe. The CMC value increased from 4.5 to 20 mg·L−1 with an increase in the mole fraction of PEGA units. The median diameters of the micelles increased from 19 to 31 nm for PSt52‐b‐PPEGAn and from 15 to 23 nm for PSt30‐b‐PPEGAn with increasing n value. ZnPc‐loaded micelles were prepared by dialysis of the block copolymer in the presence of ZnPc followed by removal of large aggregates by filtration. The encapsulation efficiency was dramatically changed in the range of 0–68%. The light‐dose‐dependent cytotoxicity of the ZnPc‐loaded PSt30‐b‐PPEGA200 was clearly established in HeLa cell lines; while no cytotoxicity was confirmed under the dark. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 560–570
Time trends and patterns of primary liver cancer in Guangzhou from 2004 to 2015
Authors: Li Ke , Lin Guozhen , Li Yan , Xu Huan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological trends and patterns of primary liver cancer (PLC) in Guangzhou, China, between 2004 and 2015, and provide a basis for making control measures and strategies for prevention.MethodsThe data were extracted from the population‐based database of the Guangzhou Cancer Registry. The crude incidence, world age standardized incidence rate (WASIR), and average annual percentage change were calculated. WASIR was calculated with Segi's population.ResultsThere were a total of 27 149 cases diagnosed with PLC during 2004−2015, with a sex ratio of 4.14:1 (21 865 males and 5284 females). The crude incidence and WSRIR were 28.57/100 000 and 20.96/100 000, respectively. The average annual percentage change of crude incidence and WASIR were –0.24% (95% CI –1.60 to 1.20) and –2.31% (95% CI –3.50 to –1.10). The age‐specific incidence rates declined in all age groups, except for the ≥75 years group. The incidence rate increased rapidly from age 40 years and peaked at the age of 80–84 years.ConclusionsThe WASIR of PLC has been decreasing significantly in Guangzhou. However, the incidence is still high, and the prevention and control of PLC should be strengthened.
Characterisation of imidacloprid resistance in the bird cherry‐oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, a serious pest on wheat crops
Authors: Wang Kang , Zhang Meng , Huang Yanna , Yang Zhuolin , Su Sha , Chen Maohua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDRhopalosiphum padi is a destructive insect pest of wheat worldwide. Studies have shown that R. padi has developed resistance to different insecticides, including imidacloprid. We studied the mechanisms conferring resistance to imidacloprid at the biochemical and molecular levels.RESULTSAn R. padi imidacloprid‐resistant (IM‐R) strain and a susceptible (SS) strain were established. Fitness analysis using life‐tables showed that the IM‐R strain had obvious disadvantages in several parameters, indicating reduced fitness. Profiles of cross‐resistance of IM‐R and SS to seven insecticides were detected. Both synergistic and enzyme activity data suggested that P450 plays a role in resistance. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes CYP6CY3‐1 and CYP6CY3‐2 were significantly increased in the IM‐R strain. No target‐site mutation within the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits was detected in the IM‐R strain. Interestingly, the expression levels of the nAChR α1, α2, α3, α7‐2, and β1 subunit genes were significantly decreased, suggesting that down‐regulation of these subunits may be involved in resistance.CONCLUSIONMultiple mechanisms confer imidacloprid resistance in R. padi. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Reducing Drosophila suzukii emergence through inter‐species competition
Authors: Shaw Bethan , Brain Philip , Wijnen Herman , Fountain Michelle T 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrosophila suzukii has dispersed widely from its native Asian range since 2008. Its arrival in the UK is resulting in economic losses in soft‐ and stone‐fruit crops caused by larvae feeding on the flesh of ripening fruit. Although a large amount of research has been directed at controlling this pest, it is presently unknown how this invasive species interacts with native Drosophila species.RESULTSIn the work reported here, D. suzukii or Drosophila melanogaster adults were introduced to substrates pre‐inoculated with the eggs of the same or the other species in a laboratory choice assay. Drosophila melanogaster adult emergence was not affected by pre‐inoculation with D. suzukii. The rate of emergence of D. suzukii was significantly lower from medium pre‐inoculated by D. melanogaster than from blank medium. In a subsequent experiment, significantly more D. suzukii eggs were laid in blank medium than in D. melanogaster pre‐inoculated medium.CONCLUSIONThe presence of D. melanogaster in a substrate significantly reduced D. suzukii emergence and egg laying. This study raises research questions about how this reduction mechanism is driven and how it could be exploited as part of future integrated pest management practices. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Antiadhesion activity of juniper (Juniperus communis L.) preparations against Campylobacter jejuni evaluated with PCR‐based methods
Authors: Klančnik Anja , Zorko Špela , Toplak Nataša , Kovač Minka , Bucar Franz , Jeršek Barbara , Smole Možina Sonja 
Published: December 2017

The food‐borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni can cause bacterial gastrointestinal infections. Biofilm formation amplifies the risk of human infection by improving survival and persistence of C. jejuni in food processing environments and its transmission through the food chain. We aimed to control C. jejuni using an alternative strategy of low doses of Juniperus communis fruit preparations to target bacterial adhesion properties in the first step of biofilm formation. First, we defined the anti‐Campylobacter activity of a juniper fruit crude extract and its fractionated biflavonoids, flavone glycosides, and purified amentoflavone, of juniper fruit essential oil and of juniper fruit postdistillation waste material extract. For accurate quantification of adherent C. jejuni, we optimised digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and quantitative real‐time PCR for construction of standard curves and quantification. We show for the first time that juniper fruit formulations can effectively inhibit adhesion of C. jejuni to polystyrene. Furthermore, ≥94% of the antiadhesion activity of juniper fruit crude extract and juniper fruit essential oil remained under food‐related conditions: modified culture medium with glucose, or a stainless steel surface, or mixed co‐cultures of C. jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes. This study indicates that addition of juniper fruit formulations can control growth and adhesion of C. jejuni and thus limit food chain transmission of campylobacters.
Complexity and trends analysis of hydrometeorological time series for a river streamflow: A case study of Songhua River Basin, China
Authors: Faiz M.A. , Liu D. , Fu Q. , Qamar M.U. , Dong S. , Khan M.I. , Li T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn China's national economic growth, an important role is being played by the Songhua River because of the river's abundant resources and natural conditions. Therefore, study of hydrometeorological time series is very important to understand the basin behaviour. This research uses the snow cover data derived from MODIS, streamflow, and meteorological records in the Songhua River Basin to evaluate similarity, complexity, and trends in the snow cover, temperature, precipitation, and streamflow. In this paper, we suggest a new method of ranking the statistics symbolic sequences to examine the degree of similarity (distance measurement) between meteorological stations and compare it with non‐parametric correlation methods and also investigate the deviations in the complexity of a hydrometeorological time series. Information‐based similarity index and multiscale entropy confirm that the hydrometeorological time series of different stations have self‐similarity and abundant complexity. Wavelet entropy is also used to investigate the basin behaviour by taking streamflow records and population. It is found that with the increase in population and urbanization, the complexity values are increased. The results also exhibit that due to increase in urbanization, it affects the hydrological process and nature of environment resulting in complex catchment behaviour. Furthermore, the streamflow trend results displayed significant decline (22.21 m3/s × year−1) in the Songhua River. The results also indicated that the seasonal snow cover trend has no impact on changes of the streamflow. However, the decline of the streamflow may be influenced by the significant human activity upstream of the Songhua River.
On rigidity, orientability, and cores of random graphs with sliders
Authors: Barré J. , Lelarge M. , Mitsche D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSuppose that you add rigid bars between points in the plane, and suppose that a constant fraction q of the points moves freely in the whole plane; the remaining fraction is constrained to move on fixed lines called sliders. When does a giant rigid cluster emerge? Under a genericity condition, the answer only depends on the graph formed by the points (vertices) and the bars (edges). We find for the random graph the threshold value of c for the appearance of a linear‐sized rigid component as a function of q, generalizing results of Kasiviswanathan, Moore, and Theran. We show that this appearance of a giant component undergoes a continuous transition for and a discontinuous transition for . In our proofs, we introduce a generalized notion of orientability interpolating between 1‐ and 2‐orientability, of cores interpolating between the 2‐core and the 3‐core, and of extended cores interpolating between the 2 + 1‐core and the 3 + 2‐core; we find the precise expressions for the respective thresholds and the sizes of the different cores above the threshold. In particular, this proves a conjecture of Kasiviswanathan, Moore, and Theran about the size of the 3 + 2‐core. We also derive some structural properties of rigidity with sliders (matroid and decomposition into components) which can be of independent interest.
Taking a hit to save the world? Employee participation in a corporate social initiative
Authors: Bode Christiane , Singh Jasjit 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: Companies often justify their corporate social initiatives by citing talent management benefits. We examine the extent of, and the reasons for, employee interest in such an initiative in a global management consulting firm. We find a large fraction of employees to be interested in participation in the initiative even when participation requires a personal sacrifice in the form of a salary cut. However, this interest is driven not just by prosocial motivation: Expectations regarding private benefits, such as improved career prospects from new skills acquired, also play a role. Considerations of social impact and private benefits are equally salient when no salary cut is required, but private considerations become more prominent when participating employees are asked to accept a salary cut.Managerial Summary: Many companies are moving from stand‐alone corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects to social initiatives integrated into strategy. Providing employees with the opportunity to participate in such initiatives is said to help attract, motivate and retain talent. In this study, carried out in collaboration with a management consulting firm, we examine how much and why employees value participation in a corporate social initiative. Based on interviews and survey data, we find that employees are not only interested in, but often even willing to accept, a temporary salary cut for the opportunity. However, altruistic motivation is not the only driver of this interest: Employees also expect and value the possibility that the experience would lead to private benefits, such as developing skills likely to enhance their career prospects.
The contribution of parental and societal conditional regard to adjustment of high school dropouts
Authors: Itzhaki Yael , Itzhaky Haya , Yablon Yaacov B. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis study examined the contribution of parental conditional regard (PCR) and societal conditional regard (SCR) – divided into positive and negative regard – to high school dropouts' adjustment (i.e., well‐being, loneliness, and future orientation) along the different stages of the dropout process. Specifically, the current study focused on dropouts from a traditional community, where dropping out was accompanied by various social repercussions. The study, conducted in Israel among Ultraorthodox Jewish males, included 261 participants, ages 14–21 (M = 17, SD = 1.17), who were at different stages in the dropout process. Structural equation modeling indicated a negative contribution of parental conditional negative regard to adjustment, while societal conditional positive regard made a positive contribution to adjustment. Moreover, dropouts indicated higher parental and societal conditional regard than students at other stages of the dropout process. Findings highlight the importance of SCR and PCR in understanding the adjustment of dropouts in traditional communities.
Left‐behind adolescents' hopes and fears for the future in rural China
Authors: Zhao Jingxin , Sun Ping , Wang Meifang , Zhang Wenxin 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the contents of future hopes and fears among Chinese adolescents left behind by one or both of their rural‐to‐urban migrant parents compared to those from rural and urban nonmigrant families. Data from 1083 participants (50.2% boys; Mage = 13.50 years; SD = 1.06) indicated that adolescents reported future hopes and fears in a variety of life domains, including future education, academics, occupation, marriage and family, parents' and relatives' wellbeing, interpersonal relationships, leisure activities, wealth and self‐related issues. Adolescents from both‐parent‐migrant families reported more hopes and fears for interpersonal relationships and more fears for parents' and relatives' wellbeing than other adolescents. Moreover, boys from migrant families reported more hopes for occupation and fewer hopes for interpersonal relationships than girls from migrant families, whereas no gender differences were found among adolescents from nonmigrant families. These results suggest the important roles of parental migration in adolescents' future thinking.
SAUDI ARABIA, EGYPT, AND THE LONGUE DURÉE STRUGGLE FOR ISLAM'S HOLIEST PLACES
Authors: TEITELBAUM JOSHUA 
Published: December 2017

AbstractScholars inquiring into Saudi–Egyptian or Hijazi–Egyptian relations, or the history of modern Saudi state formation, have been tempted to concentrate on the June 1926 attack by the tribal Ikhwan on the Egyptian Maḥmal, or pilgrimage caravan, as the key to understanding these relations. But such a courte durée, sometimes known as the événementielle approach, leaves out much rich depth. In fact, when placed within the wider time frame of the longue durée of relations between Egypt and the Hijaz, which is Arabia's western littoral region and home to Islam's holiest places, its historical significance becomes more about ending Egyptian claims of primacy in the Hijaz than achieving internal Saudi state consolidation. It is the longue durée that should command attention, for the only way that Ibn Saud could refashion to his own favour the historical connections that defined Islamic legitimacy in a political form was to cut the Gordian knot between Egypt and the Hijaz. He had to break up the Red Sea littoral system, and tie the holy places instead to the Saudi heartland of Najd. At the Red Sea's expense, the Arabian Peninsula, dominated by Saudi Arabia, became the new geo-political feature of the region.