bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An optimized strategy to measure protein stability highlights differences between cold and hot unfolded states
Authors: Alfano Caterina , Sanfelice Domenico , Martin Stephen R. , Pastore Annalisa , Temussi Piero Andrea 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMacromolecular crowding ought to stabilize folded forms of proteins, through an excluded volume effect. This explanation has been questioned and observed effects attributed to weak interactions with other cell components. Here we show conclusively that protein stability is affected by volume exclusion and that the effect is more pronounced when the crowder’s size is closer to that of the protein under study. Accurate evaluation of the volume exclusion effect is made possible by the choice of yeast frataxin, a protein that undergoes cold denaturation above zero degrees, because the unfolded form at low temperature is more expanded than the corresponding one at high temperature. To achieve optimum sensitivity to changes in stability we introduce an empirical parameter derived from the stability curve. The large effect of PEG 20 on cold denaturation can be explained by a change in water activity, according to Privalov’s interpretation of cold denaturation.
Improving 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-β-O-acetyltransferase catalytic fitness for Taxol production
Authors: Li Bing-Juan , Wang Hao , Gong Ting , Chen Jing-Jing , Chen Tian-Jiao , Yang Jin-Ling , Zhu Ping 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe natural concentration of the anticancer drug Taxol is about 0.02% in yew trees, whereas that of its analogue 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol is up to 0.5%. While this compound is not an intermediate in Taxol biosynthetic route, it can be converted into Taxol by de-glycosylation and acetylation. Here, we improve the catalytic efficiency of 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyltransferase (DBAT) ofTaxustowards 10-deacetyltaxol, a de-glycosylated derivative of 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol to generate Taxol using mutagenesis. We generate a three-dimensional structure of DBAT and identify its active site using alanine scanning and design a double DBAT mutant (DBATG38R/F301V) with a catalytic efficiency approximately six times higher than that of the wild-type. We combine this mutant with a β-xylosidase to obtain anin vitroone-pot conversion of 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol to Taxol yielding 0.64 mg ml−1Taxol in 50 ml at 15 h. This approach represents a promising environmentally friendly alternative for Taxol production from an abundant analogue.
MiRNA-29c regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy by targeting tristetraprolin
Authors: Guo Jia , Li Jing , Zhao Jing , Yang Shuguang , Wang Luyao , Cheng Genyang , Liu Dong , Xiao Jing , Liu Zhangsuo , Zhao Zhanzheng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy is one of the most prevalent chronic complications of Diabetes mellitus, but its pathogenesis remains elusive. This study was designed to determine the role of tristetraprolin (TTP), inflammatory cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs) in DN. The blood and urine samples were obtained from 32 patients with DN, 33 patients with type 2 DM, and 35 normal healthy subjects as controls. Renal tissue samples were also obtained from 10 DN patients and 10 normal controls. The miRNA microarray analyses were performed in pooled plasma and urine sediment samples of eight DN patients and eight age- and sex-matched health control subjects and three paired renal tissues from patients with DN and normal controls. Conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes (MPC5) were used a cell model. The expressions of TTP and cytokines in patient samples and cultured cells were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting or ELISA. Our results indicated that miRNA-29c directly targeted TTP and promoted inflammatory response under hyperglycemic conditions. Overexpression of miRNA-29c in podocytes resulted in an increase in inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of miRNA-29c by using its inhibitor reduced the inflammatory cytokines in podocytes. Finally, miRNA-29c promoted the progression of DN by targeting TTP, providing a target for a therapeutic intervention of DN.
Assembly of gold nanoparticles into aluminum nanobowl array
Authors: Fan Xingce , Hao Qi , Jin Renchao , Huang Hao , Luo Zhengwei , Yang Xiaozhi , Chen Yile , Han Xingzhi , Sun Meng , Jing Qihua , Dong Zhenggao , Qiu Teng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe mimic unique honeycomb structure as well as its functions of storing honey and pollen to assemble Au nanoparticle pattern on honeycomb-like Al nanobowl array by utilizing solid state dewetting process. Patterned Au nanoarrays of ‘one particle per bowl’ with tunable plasmonic bands ranging from the visible to the near-infrared region are fabricated by finely selecting the initial thickness of Au film, the geometry of Al nanobowl array and the thermal treatment parameters. This work presents a powerful approach to assemble Au nanoparticles into high density nanoarrays with superior spatial resolution, offering highly concentrated electromagnetic fields for plasmonic sensor applications.
The Effect of Two Amino acid Residue Substitutions via RNA Editing on Dark-operative Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase in the Black Pine Chloroplasts
Authors: Yamamoto Haruki , Kusumi Junko , Yamakawa Hisanori , Fujita Yuichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (DPOR) is a key enzyme to produce chlorophyll in the dark. Among photosynthetic eukaryotes, all three subunits chlL, chlN, and chlB are encoded by plastid genomes. In some gymnosperms, two codons of chlB mRNA are changed by RNA editing to codons encoding evolutionarily conserved amino acid residues. However, the effect of these substitutions on DPOR activity remains unknown. We first prepared cyanobacterial ChlB variants with amino acid substitution(s) to mimic ChlB translated from pre-edited mRNA. Their activities were evaluated by measuring chlorophyll content of dark-grown transformants of a chlB-lacking mutant of the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya boryana that was complemented with pre-edited mimic chlB variants. The chlorophyll content of the transformant cells expressing the ChlB variant from the fully pre-edited mRNA was only one-fourth of the control cells. Co-purification experiments of ChlB with Strep-ChlN suggested that a stable complex with ChlN is greatly impaired in the substituted ChlB variant. We then confirmed that RNA editing efficiency was markedly greater in the dark than in the light in cotyledons of the black pine Pinus thunbergii. These results indicate that RNA editing on chlB mRNA is important to maintain appropriate DPOR activity in black pine chloroplasts.
Superb electromagnetic wave-absorbing composites based on large-scale graphene and carbon nanotube films
Authors: Li Jinsong , Lu Weibang , Suhr Jonghwan , Chen Hang , Xiao John Q. , Chou Tsu-Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstarctGraphene has sparked extensive research interest for its excellent physical properties and its unique potential for application in absorption of electromagnetic waves. However, the processing of stable large-scale graphene and magnetic particles on a micrometer-thick conductive support is a formidable challenge for achieving high reflection loss and impedance matching between the absorber and free space. Herein, a novel and simple approach for the processing of a CNT film-Fe3O4-large scale graphene composite is studied. The Fe3O4 particles with size in the range of 20–200 nm are uniformly aligned along the axial direction of the CNTs. The composite exhibits exceptionally high wave absorption capacity even at a very low thickness. Minimum reflection loss of −44.7 dB and absorbing bandwidth of 4.7 GHz at −10 dB are achieved in composites with one-layer graphene in six-layer CNT film-Fe3O4 prepared from 0.04 M FeCl3. Microstructural and theoretical studies of the wave-absorbing mechanism reveal a unique Debye dipolar relaxation with an Eddy current effect in the absorbing bandwidth.
Management der Osteoporose bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Demary Winfried 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungEntzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankungen, wie die rheumatoide Arthritis, die ankylosierende Spondylitis, der systemische Lupus erythematodes, die systemische Sklerose und weitere entzündliche Systemerkrankungen, gehen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für die Komorbiditäten Osteoporose und osteoporotische Frakturen einher. Eine hohe entzündliche Krankheitsaktivität, Einschränkungen der Mobilität sowie der Einsatz von Glukokortikoiden sind bei diesen entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen wesentliche Risikofaktoren für einen Anstieg des Frakturrisikos neben bereits vorhandenen Frakturrisiken. Daher ist eine frühzeitige Entzündungshemmung mit dem Ziel der Remission der Krankheitsaktivität anzustreben. Eine frühzeitige Untersuchung auf eine Osteoporose sollte essentieller Bestandteil von rheumatologischen Behandlungen sein, um eine entzündungsbedingte Osteoporose frühzeitig zu erkennen und die Risiken für osteoporotische Frakturen zusätzlich durch eine spezifische Osteoporosetherapie zu senken. Die vorhandenen Leitlinien bieten ausreichend Orientierung, um dies im Rahmen der ambulanten und stationären Versorgung der betroffenen Patienten zu erreichen.
Qualitätsmanagement für Chirurgen – Kenntnis grundlegender Zusammenhänge und innovativer Strategien fördert die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Fachabteilung
Authors: Hellmann Wolfgang 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungEffizientes Qualitätsmanagement mit dem Ziel hochwertiger Patientenversorgung ist für chirurgische Fachabteilungen ein Erfolgsfaktor. Die Kenntnis einschlägiger Begriffe und Zusammenhänge des Qualitätsmanagements ist dafür grundlegend. Die praktische Umsetzung im demografischen Wandel und bei Fachkräftemangel bleibt aber schwierig. Soweit ein effizientes internes Qualitätsmanagement im Krankenhaus implementiert ist, sollte dessen Expertise ergänzend genutzt werden. Ansonsten ist es (alleinige) Aufgabe der Fachabteilung, Qualität für Patienten, Mitarbeiter und Kooperationspartner zu gewährleisten. Der Beitrag vermittelt grundlegende Zusammenhänge zum Qualitätsmanagement, zum Risikomanagement und zur Qualitätssicherung im Kontext einschlägiger Termini. Er zeigt neue Wege zur praktischen Umsetzung auf Ebene der chirurgischen Fachabteilung auf. Ein neu entwickeltes Qualitätsmodell wird vorgestellt.
Astrocytic glycogen-derived lactate fuels the brain during exhaustive exercise to maintain endurance capacity
Authors: Matsui Takashi , Omuro Hideki , Liu Yu-Fan , Soya Mariko , Shima Takeru , McEwen Bruce S. , Soya Hideaki 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Muscle glycogen fuels exercising muscles to sustain endurance capacity. The brain also stores glycogen in astrocytes to produce lactate as an energy source transported to active neurons via the monocarboxylate transporter MCT2. Although physical exercise activates brain neurons and increases their energy demand, the energetic role of astrocytic glycogen in the exercising brain remains unknown. To address this issue, we used a rat model of prolonged exhaustive exercise, microwave irradiation of brains, metabolomics, and intracerebroventricular injection of inhibitors of glycogenolysis and MCT2. Our findings provide direct evidence that lactate derived from astrocytic glycogen fuels the prolonged-exercising brain to maintain endurance capacity. This new perspective on brain energetics during endurance exercise could lead to better strategies for endurance performance.
Development and validation of an electronic medical record (EMR)-based computed phenotype of HIV-1 infection
Authors: Paul Devon W , Neely Nigel B , Clement Meredith , Riley Isaretta , Al-Hegelan Mashael , Phelan Matthew , Kraft Monica , Murdoch David M , Lucas Joseph , Bartlett John , McKellar Mehri , Que Loretta G 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Electronic medical record (EMR) computed algorithms allow investigators to screen thousands of patient records to identify specific disease cases. No computed algorithms have been developed to detect all cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using administrative, laboratory, and clinical documentation data outside of the Veterans Health Administration. We developed novel EMR-based algorithms for HIV detection and validated them in a cohort of subjects in the Duke University Health System (DUHS).

Methods
We created 2 novel algorithms to identify HIV-infected subjects. Algorithm 1 used laboratory studies and medications to identify HIV-infected subjects, whereas Algorithm 2 used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes, medications, and laboratory testing. We applied the algorithms to a well-characterized cohort of patients and validated both against the gold standard of physician chart review. We determined sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence of HIV between 2007 and 2011 in patients seen at DUHS.

Results
A total of 172 271 patients were detected with complete data; 1063 patients met algorithm criteria for HIV infection. In all, 970 individuals were identified by both algorithms, 78 by Algorithm 1 alone, and 15 by Algorithm 2 alone. The sensitivity and specificity of each algorithm were 78% and 99%, respectively, for Algorithm 1 and 77% and 100% for Algorithm 2. The estimated prevalence of HIV infection at DUHS between 2007 and 2011 was 0.6%.

Conclusions
EMR-based phenotypes of HIV infection are capable of detecting cases of HIV-infected adults with good sensitivity and specificity. These algorithms have the potential to be adapted to other EMR systems, allowing for the creation of cohorts of patients across EMR systems.
Is Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis the Trigger in the Crohn’s Disease Spectrum?
Authors: Oken Harry A. , Saleeb Paul G. , Redfield Robert R. , Schimpff Stephen C. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present and discuss a 30-month investigation of a patient that presented with abdominal pain, postprandial diarrhea, bloating, and night sweats and was treated for Crohn’s disease without significant improvement. The patient underwent an ileocecetomy with removal of an atonic segment with resolution of functional gastrointestinal symptoms, but profound night sweats continued postoperatively. The patient was presumptively treated for a mixed mycobacterial infection, blood cultures later grew Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), and she improved over time. We discuss MAP and its possible relationship to Crohn’s disease.
Reducing Postsurgical Wound Complications: A Critical Review
Authors: Delmore Barbara , Cohen Joshua Mitchell , O’Neill Daniel , Chu Andy , Pham Vinh , Chiu Ernest 
Published: May 2017

GENERAL PURPOSE:
To provide information on risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) and actions to mitigate that risk.

TARGET AUDIENCE:
This continuing education activity is intended for surgeons, surgical teams, physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES:
After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:
1. Identify modifiable risk factors associated with the development of SSIs.
2. Select steps to mitigate the risks for and morbidity from SSIs.

ABSTRACT
Given the current reimbursement structure, the avoidance of a surgical site infection (SSI) is crucial. Although many risk factors are associated with the formation of an SSI, a proactive and interprofessional approach can help modify some factors. Postoperative strategies also can be applied to help prevent an SSI. If an SSI becomes a chronic wound, there are recommended guidelines and strategies that can foster healing.
The Effects of Remifentanil on Hemodynamic Response Attenuation After Electroconvulsive Therapy Under Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Erdil Feray , Ozgul Ulku , Şanli Mukadder , Kayhan Gülay , Çolak Cemil , Durmuş Mahmut 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
We evaluated the effects of a single loading dose of remifentanil (1 μg/kg) administered as an adjunct to sevoflurane, on the duration of seizure activity, recovery times, and hemodynamic profiles, during electroconvulsive therapy.

Methods
The patients were randomly allocated to receive sevoflurane-saline (Group SS) or sevoflurane-remifentanil (Group SR). Sevoflurane (8%) was initiated for anesthesia induction in both groups until loss of consciousness was achieved. Remifentanil was then administered to Group SR via a 1-μg/kg intravenous bolus. Patients in Group SS received saline in the same manner. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before anesthetic induction (T1), at the loss of consciousness (T2), and at 0, 1, 3, and 10 minutes after the electrical stimuli were completed (T3, T4, T5, and T6, respectively).

Results
Compared with the baseline values, HR increased significantly in Group SS at times T2 and T4 to T6 and decreased significantly in Group SR at time T2. When the groups were compared, we found that HR decreased significantly in Group SR at T2 and T4 to T6. Compared with baseline, MAP increased in Group SS between T3 and T6, and MAP decreased in Group SR at T2 and increased at T3 to T4. Mean arterial pressure decreased to a greater extent in Group SR than in Group SS during the T2 to T6 period. There were no group differences in seizure duration or recovery time.

Conclusions
The addition of 1-μg/kg remifentanil to anesthetic induction with sevoflurane attenuated the acute hemodynamic response to electroconvulsive therapy under sevoflurane anesthesia without adversely affecting the duration of seizure activity or the recovery profile.
Lean implementation and a process approach – an exploratory study
Authors: Rymaszewska Anna 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This paper proposes, that without acknowledging that lean adoption needs to reach beyond the shop floor, it cannot be sustained, and neither is the transformation into a truly lean enterprise possible. The purpose of this paper is to address the gap in the scientific knowledge regarding the challenges of lean adoption in manufacturing organizations. The underlying assumption is that successful and sustainable adoption of lean should be approached from the perspective of business process change (BPC). By applying the logic of BPC to manufacturing environments, and by exploring the opportunities for lean implementation that reach far beyond manufacturing, the study is expected to contribute to the development of the existing knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach
The research objectives were achieved by conducting the qualitative case study. Two case companies were chosen based on their differing approaches to the introduction and implementation of lean initiatives. Data were collected through in depth, semi-structured interviews supported by shop-floor observations.

Findings
The paper provides insights into how can lean implementation be facilitated while a systematic, BPC is utilized. By contrasting the two cases, meaningful conclusions were drawn and certain managerial implications outlined.

Originality/value
This paper presents a new approach to lean implementation and aims to bridge both the theoretical and empirical gaps between the concepts of lean implementation and business process management.
Reflections on writing and exhibiting learning disability history: commentary on “Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus: Our Heritage”
Authors: Jarrett Simon , Grove Nicola Clare 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to comment on the article “Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus: Our Heritage – the role of heritage exhibitions in tackling social isolation.”

Design/methodology/approach
This provides some further reflection and points for discussion on topics arising from the themes in the original article.

Findings
Issues are raised about the medicalisation of conditions and the ways in which a social and cultural model of disability challenges preconceptions and assumptions about personhood and victim status. Reference is made to the broader context of hidden histories and the ways in which people with learning disabilities are now taking active roles in reclaiming the story of their lives in the past and now.

Originality/value
The paper aims to raise awareness of critical issues of learning disability history prompted by the original paper.
Deprivation of liberty applications concerning people with learning disabilities in England: trends over time and geographical variation
Authors: Hatton Chris 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse trends over time and geographical variation in Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS) applications for adults with learning disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
Secondary analysis of national- and local authority-level statistics collected and reported by NHS Digital.

Findings
There has been a sharp national increase in the number of completed and granted DoLS applications regarding adults with learning disabilities since the 2014 “Cheshire West” Supreme Court judgement, with a greater proportion of completed DoLS applications being granted. There is extreme geographical variation across local authorities in England in the rates at which DoLS applications are being made and granted.

Practical implications
The extreme variation in DoLS applications regarding adults with learning disabilities is highly unlikely to be a function of differences in mental capacity and living circumstances experienced by adults with learning disabilities across local authorities, and urgent attention needs to be paid to this variation.

Originality/value
This is the first paper to analyse the geographical variation at local authority level for completed and granted DoLS applications regarding adults with learning disabilities.
We Want Them All Covered! Collective Bargaining and Firm Heterogeneity: Theory and Evidence from Germany
Authors: Baumann Florian , Brändle Tobias 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article establishes a link between the degree of productivity dispersion within an industry and collective bargaining coverage of the firms in the industry. In a stylized unionized oligopoly model, we show that differences in productivity levels can affect the design of collective wage contracts a sector‐union offers to heterogeneous firms. Using German linked employer–employee data, we test a range of our theoretical hypotheses and find empirical support for them. The dispersion of sector‐level labour productivity decreases the likelihood of firms being covered by a collective bargaining agreement on the industry level, but increases the likelihood of firms being covered by firm‐level agreements. The results hold for different subsamples and (panel) estimation techniques.