bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aquablation therapy for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: a single‐centre experience in 47 patients
Authors: Desai Mihir M. , Singh Abhishek , Abhishek Shashank , Laddha Abhishek , Pandya Harshad , Ashrafi Akbar N. , Ganpule Arvind P. , Roehrborn Claus G. , Thomas Andrew J. , Desai Mahesh , Sabnis Ravindra B. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo report procedure process improvements and confirm the preserved safety and short‐term effectiveness of a second‐generation Aquablation device for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) attributable to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in 47 consecutive patients at a single institution.Patients and MethodsAquablation was performed in 47 patients with symptomatic BPH at a single institution. Baseline, peri‐operative and 3‐month urinary function data were collected.ResultsThe mean (range) patient age was 66 (50–79) years, and transrectal ultrasonography‐measured prostate volume was 48 (20–118) mL. A median lobe was present in 25 patients (53%) and eight patients had catheter‐dependent urinary retention. The mean (range) total procedure time was 35 (13–128) min and the tissue resection time was 4 (1–10) min. Five Clavien–Dindo grade I/II and five Clavien–Dindo grade III complications were recorded in eight patients. The mean (range) hospital stay was 3.1 (1–8) days and the mean (range) duration of urethral catheterization was 1.9 (1–11) days. The mean International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) decreased from 24.4 at baseline to 5 at 3 months; IPSS quality‐of‐life score decreased from 4.5 to 0.3 points; peak urinary flow rate increased from 7.1 to 16.5 mL/s and post‐void residual urine volume decreased from 119 to 43 mL (all P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study confirmed procedure process improvements resulting from system enhancements, with preservation of safety and effectiveness during use of a second‐generation device for the treatment of LUTS attibutable to BPH in the largest single‐institution study conducted to date.
New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms and their regulation
Authors: Zisapel Nava 
Published: January 2018

In mammals, a central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, tunes the innate circadian physiological rhythms to the ambient 24 h light–dark cycle to invigorate and optimize the internal temporal order. The SCN‐activated, light‐inhibited production of melatonin conveys the message of darkness to the clock and induces night‐state physiological functions, for example, sleep/wake blood pressure and metabolism. Clinically meaningful effects of melatonin treatment have been demonstrated in placebo‐controlled trials in humans, particularly in disorders associated with diminished or misaligned melatonin rhythms, for example, circadian rhythm‐related sleep disorders, jet lag and shift work, insomnia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, poor (non‐restorative) sleep quality, non‐dipping nocturnal blood pressure (nocturnal hypertension) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The diminished production of melatonin at the very early stages of AD, the role of melatonin in the restorative value of sleep (perceived sleep quality) and its sleep‐anticipating effects resulting in attenuated activation of certain brain networks are gaining a new perspective as the role of poor sleep quality in the build‐up of β amyloid, particularly in the precuneus, is unravelled. As a result of the recently discovered relationship between circadian clock, sleep and neurodegeneration, new prospects of using melatonin for early intervention, to promote healthy physical and mental ageing, are of prime interest in view of the emerging link to the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc
Gaze Following Is Not Dependent on Ostensive Cues: A Critical Test of Natural Pedagogy
Authors: Gredebäck Gustaf , Astor Kim , Fawcett Christine 
Published: January 2018

The theory of natural pedagogy stipulates that infants follow gaze because they are sensitive to the communicative intent of others. According to this theory, gaze following should be present if, and only if, accompanied by at least one of a set of specific ostensive cues. The current article demonstrates gaze following in a range of contexts, both with and without expressions of communicative intent in a between‐subjects design with a large sample of 6‐month‐old infants (n = 94). Thus, conceptually replicating prior results from Szufnarowska et al. (2014) and falsifying a central pillar of the natural pedagogy theory. The results suggest that there are opportunities to learn from others’ gaze independently of their displayed communicative intent.
Safety of extraperitoneal rectal resection and ileorectal or colorectal anastomosis without loop ileostomy in patients with peritoneal metastases treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Brandl A. , Raue W. , Aigner F. , Arroyave M. C. , Pratschke J. , Rau B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimExtraperitoneal rectal resection combined with complete peritonectomy of the pelvis in patients with peritoneal metastases is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality due to anastomotic leakage (AL). Therefore, many centres tend to perform loop ileostomy to reduce the clinical impact of AL. The aim of this study was to analyse the need for protective stoma creation in this patient group to avoid major complications and mortality in the case of AL.MethodWe analysed 53 patients who underwent extraperitoneal rectal resection from 409 consecutive patients treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) at our department between January 1997 and December 2016.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 56.7 (SD 12.2) years and the mean Peritoneal Cancer Index was 24.6 (SD 12.0). Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 33 patients (62.3%). Six patients received an ileostomy or a colostomy, five of six with permanent intention. One patient (2.1%) developed AL postoperatively. Overall, 21 patients (39.6%) developed surgical complications, while 41 (77.3%) developed medical complications. The mortality rate was 7.5% (n = 4). In total, 26 patients (49.1%) developed Clavien–Dindo Grade III/IV complications.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the safety of colorectal anastomosis in combination with HIPEC in the absence of loop ileostomy. Loop ileostomy may be omitted for patients with low risk for AL in experienced centres with adequate postoperative care, possibilities for postoperative assessment and radiological intervention to avoid stoma‐related complications and increase the quality of life of patients with peritoneal metastases.
Isolation‐based anomaly detection using nearest‐neighbor ensembles
Authors: Bandaragoda Tharindu R. , Ting Kai Ming , Albrecht David , Liu Fei Tony , Zhu Ye , Wells Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe first successful isolation‐based anomaly detector, ie, iForest, uses trees as a means to perform isolation. Although it has been shown to have advantages over existing anomaly detectors, we have identified 4 weaknesses, ie, its inability to detect local anomalies, anomalies with a high percentage of irrelevant attributes, anomalies that are masked by axis‐parallel clusters, and anomalies in multimodal data sets.To overcome these weaknesses, this paper shows that an alternative isolation mechanism is required and thus presents iNNE or isolation using Nearest Neighbor Ensemble.Although relying on nearest neighbors, iNNE runs significantly faster than the existing nearest neighbor–based methods such as the local outlier factor, especially in data sets having thousands of dimensions or millions of instances. This is because the proposed method has linear time complexity and constant space complexity.
Automated classification of content components in technical communication
Authors: Oevermann Jan , Ziegler Wolfgang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAutomated classification is usually not adjusted to specialized domains due to a lack of suitable data collections and insufficient characterization of the domain‐specific content and its effect on the classification process. This work describes an approach for the automated multiclass classification of content components used in technical communication based on a vector space model. We show that differences in the form and substance of content components require an adaption of document‐based classification methods and validate our assumptions with multiple real‐world data sets in 2 languages. As a result, we propose general adaptions on feature selection and token weighting, as well as new ideas for the measurement of classifier confidence and the semantic weighting of XML‐based training data. We introduce several potential applications of our method and provide prototypical implementation. Our contribution beyond the state of the art is a dedicated procedure model for the automated classification of content components in technical communication, which outperforms current document‐centered or domain‐agnostic approaches.
Dominance of free wall radial motion in global right ventricular function of heart transplant recipients
Authors: Lakatos Bálint Károly , Tokodi Márton , Assabiny Alexandra , Tősér Zoltán , Kosztin Annamária , Doronina Alexandra , Rácz Kristóf , Koritsánszky Kinga Bianka , Berzsenyi Viktor , Németh Endre , Sax Balázs , Kovács Attila , Merkely Béla 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAssessment of right ventricular (RV) function using conventional echocardiography might be inadequate as the radial motion of the RV free wall is often neglected. Our aim was to quantify the longitudinal and the radial components of RV function using three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography in heart transplant (HTX) recipients. Fifty‐one HTX patients in stable cardiovascular condition without history of relevant rejection episode or chronic allograft vasculopathy and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled. RV end‐diastolic (EDV) volume and total ejection fraction (TEF) were measured by 3D echocardiography. Furthermore, we quantified longitudinal (LEF) and radial ejection fraction (REF) by decomposing the motion of the RV using the ReVISION method. RV EDV did not differ between groups (HTX vs control; 96 ± 27 vs 97 ± 2 mL). In HTX patients, TEF was lower, however, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) decreased to a greater extent (TEF: 47 ± 7 vs 54 ± 4% [−13%], TAPSE: 11 ± 5 vs 21 ± 4 mm [−48%], P < .0001). In HTX patients, REF/TEF ratio was significantly higher compared to LEF/TEF (REF/TEF vs LEF/TEF: 0.58 ± 0.10 vs 0.27 ± 0.08, P < .0001), while in controls the REF/TEF and LEF/TEF ratio was similar (0.45 ± 0.07 vs 0.47 ± 0.07). Current results confirm the superiority of radial motion in determining RV function in HTX patients. Parameters incorporating the radial motion are recommended to assess RV function in HTX recipients.
De novo donor‐specific antibody following BK nephropathy: The incidence and association with antibody‐mediated rejection
Authors: Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Kremers Walter K. , Lorenz Elizabeth , Amer Hatem , Cosio Fernando G. , Stegall Mark D. , Gandhi Manish J. , Schinstock Carrie A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe risk of de novo donor‐specific antibody (dnDSA) development following BK viremia (BKV) or nephropathy (BKN) after kidney transplant remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationships among dnDSA, BKV (BK blood PCR > 15 000 copies), BKN, antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR), and allograft loss.Patients and methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 904 solitary kidney transplant recipients transplanted between 10/2007 and 5/2014. Cox proportional hazards regression with time‐dependent covariates were used to assess the relationships among BKN, isolated BKV, dnDSA, and the subsequent risk of AMR and allograft loss.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, we observed that BKN, but not BKV was a risk factor for dnDSA (HR, 3.18, P = .008). Of the patients with BK nephropathy, 14.0% (6/43) developed dnDSA, which occurred within 14 months of BK diagnosis. DnDSA in this setting remains a risk factor for subsequent AMR (HR 4.75, P = .0001) and allograft loss (HR 2.63, P = .018).ConclusionsBKN is an independent risk factor for development of dnDSA. Improved understanding of the characteristics of patients with BKN who are at highest risk for development of dnDSA would be valuable to customize immunosuppression reduction in this population.
Economic evaluation and cost of interventions for cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Shih Sophy T F , Tonmukayakul Utsana , Imms Christine , Reddihough Dinah , Graham H Kerr , Cox Liz , Carter Rob 
Published: January 2018

AimEconomic appraisal can help guide policy‐making for purchasing decisions, and treatment and management algorithms for health interventions. We conducted a systematic review of economic studies in cerebral palsy (CP) to inform future research.MethodEconomic studies published since 1970 were identified from seven databases. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Any discrepancies were resolved by discussion.ResultsOf 980 identified references, 115 were included for full‐text assessment. Thirteen articles met standard criteria for a full economic evaluation, two as partial economic evaluations, and 18 as cost studies. Six were full economic evaluations alongside clinical studies or randomized controlled trials, whereas seven involved modelling simulations. The economic case for administration of magnesium sulfate for imminent preterm birth is compelling, achieving both health gain and cost savings. Current literature suggests intrathecal baclofen therapy and botulinum toxin injection are cost‐effective, but stronger evidence for long‐term effects is needed. Lifestyle and web‐based interventions are inexpensive, but broader measurement of outcomes is required.InterpretationPrevention ofCPwould avoid significant economic burden. Some treatments and interventions have been shown to be cost‐effective, although stronger evidence of clinical effectiveness is needed.What this paper addsCost‐effectiveness evidence shows prevention is the most significant strategy.Some treatments are cost‐effective, but stronger evidence for long‐term effectiveness is required.Comparison of treatment costs is challenging owing to variations in methodologies and varying clinical indications.
Demographic and modifiable factors associated with knee contracture in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Cloodt Erika , Rosenblad Andreas , Rodby‐Bousquet Elisabet 
Published: January 2018

AimTo identify the prevalence of knee contracture and its association with gross motor function, age, sex, spasticity, and muscle length in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodCross‐sectional data for passive knee extension were analysed in 3 045 children with CP (1 756 males, 1 289 females; mean age 8y 1mo [SD 3.84]). CP was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I (n=1 330), II (n=508), III (n=280), IV (n=449), and V (n=478). Pearson's χ2 test and multiple binary logistic regression were applied to analyse the relationships between knee contracture and GMFCS level, sex, age, spasticity, hamstring length, and gastrocnemius length.ResultsKnee contracture greater than or equal to 5 degrees occurred in 685 children (22%). The prevalence of knee contracture was higher in older children and in those with higher GMFCS levels. Odds ratios (ORs) for knee contracture were significantly higher for children at GMFCS level V (OR=13.17), with short hamstring muscles (OR=9.86), and in the oldest age group, 13 years to 15 years (OR=6.80).InterpretationKnee contracture is associated with higher GMFCS level, older age, and shorter muscle length; spasticity has a small effect. Maintaining muscle length, especially of the hamstrings, is important for reducing the risk of knee contracture.What this paper adds

Knee contracture occurs in children with cerebral palsy at all Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels.

Knee contracture in children is associated with short hamstring muscles, higher GMFCS level, and older age.

Short hamstring muscles present a greater risk for knee contracture than spasticity.
Efficacy and safety of fast‐acting insulin aspart in comparison with insulin aspart in type 1 diabetes (onset 1): A 52‐week, randomized, treat‐to‐target, phase III trial
Authors: Mathieu Chantal , Bode Bruce W. , Franek Edward , Philis‐Tsimikas Athena , Rose Ludger , Graungaard Tina , Birk Østerskov Anne , Russell‐Jones David 
Published: January 2018

AimsTo compare the safety and efficacy of fast‐acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) with conventional insulin aspart (IAsp) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and methodsonset 1 was a randomized, multicentre, treat‐to‐target, phase III, 52‐week (initial 26 weeks + additional 26 weeks) trial conducted at 165 sites across 9 countries. Adults with T1D were randomly allocated to double‐blind mealtime faster aspart or IAsp, each with once‐ or twice‐daily insulin detemir. The primary endpoint, change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline after the initial 26 weeks, has been reported previously. In the present paper, we report data from the full 52‐week study period.ResultsBetween August 2013 and June 2015, 381 participants were assigned to double‐blind faster aspart and 380 participants to IAsp. After 52 weeks, estimated mean changes from baseline in HbA1c levels were −0.08% (faster aspart) and +0.01% (IAsp); estimated treatment difference significantly favoured faster aspart (−0.10% [95% confidence interval {CI} −0.19;−0.00]; P = .0424). Changes from baseline in 1‐hour postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) increment (meal test; faster aspart −1.05 mmol/L; IAsp −0.14 mmol/L) also significantly favoured faster aspart (estimated treatment difference −0.91 mmol/L [95% CI −1.40;−0.43]; −16.48 mg/dL [95% CI −25.17;−7.80]; P = .0002). There was no difference in overall severe or blood glucose‐confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes or treatment‐emergent adverse events between treatments.ConclusionsAt 52 weeks, overall glycaemic control had significantly improved with faster aspart vs IAsp, consistent with the 26‐week study findings. Achieving an insulin profile closer to physiological insulin secretion with faster aspart translates into lower PPG and HbA1c levels compared with those achieved with IAsp in people with T1D.
Basal insulin peglispro increases lipid oxidation, metabolic flexibility, thermogenesis and ketone bodies compared to insulin glargine in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Porksen Niels K. , Linnebjerg Helle , Lam Eric Chen Quin , Garhyan Parag , Pachori Alok , Pratley Richard E. , Smith Steven R. 
Published: January 2018

AimsWhen treated with basal insulin peglispro (BIL), patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) exhibit weight loss and lower prandial insulin requirements versus insulin glargine (GL), while total insulin requirements remain similar. One possible explanation is enhanced lipid oxidation and improved ability to switch between glucose and lipid metabolism with BIL. This study compared the effects of BIL and GL on glucose and lipid metabolism in subjects with T1DM.Materials and MethodsFifteen subjects with T1DM were enrolled into this open‐label, randomised, crossover study, and received once‐daily stable, individualised, subcutaneous doses of BIL and GL for 4 weeks each. Respiratory quotient (RQ) was measured using whole‐room calorimetry, and energy expenditure (EE) and concentrations of ketone bodies (3‐hydroxybutyrate) and acylcarnitines were assessed.ResultsMean sleep RQ was lower during the BIL (0.822) than the GL (0.846) treatment period, indicating greater lipid metabolism during the post‐absorptive period with BIL. Increases in carbohydrate oxidation following breakfast were greater during BIL than GL treatment (mean change in RQ following breakfast 0.111 for BIL, 0.063 for GL). Furthermore, BIL treatment increased total daily EE versus GL (2215.9 kcal/d for BIL, 2135.5 kcal/d for GL). Concentrations of ketone bodies and acylcarnitines appeared to be higher following BIL than GL treatment.ConclusionsBIL increased sleeping fat oxidation, EE, ketone bodies, acylcarnitines and post‐prandial glucose metabolism when switching from conventional insulin, thus, restoring metabolic flexibility and increasing thermogenesis. These changes may explain the previously observed weight loss with BIL versus GL.
Population trends of bycatch species reflect improving status of target species
Authors: Cook Robin M , Heath Michael R 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSynthesis studies of fish stocks worldwide suggest improving status of mainly target species that are fully assessed. Other analyses, primarily based on catch data alone, but which include a wider range of species as well as bycatch, present a different view. Catch‐only analyses could be more robust if fishery‐independent data were used and discards accounted for. We develop a model that uses only survey biomass at length and landings data to estimate fishing mortality, spawning stock biomass (SSB) and discards. An analysis of species from the North Sea shows the model results compare well with most fully assessed stocks. When applied to bycatch species with limited data, trends in fishing mortality and SSB typically reflect those of the target species. In the last decade, mean fishing mortality rates have tended to decline, while mean SSB has increased. Despite increasing SSB, recent mean recruitment appears to have been lower than previously which may limit future biomass recovery. Species usually associated with more northerly distributions appear to show the greatest effect of weaker recruitment, which may be linked to climate. Estimated discards have tended to decline in magnitude as a result of reduced fishing mortality and associated lower total catches. The model offers a simple way to use both landings and survey data to obtain more detailed population trends for data limited species.