bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient cluster head selection in WSNs using transient search optimization (TSO) algorithm
Authors: Subramanian Sumithra , Muthusamy Dhurgadevi , Kulandaivelu Gunasekaran , Subramanian Karpaga Selvi 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIn this manuscript, a nature‐inspired optimization method, named transient search optimization (TSO), is proposed. Energy‐based monetary custom is a serious issue on the wireless sensor network (WSN). Here, the network clustering is an effectual technique to reduce node energy depletion and increased network lifetime. The proposed method aims to improve the efficiency of sensor nodes (SNs) by reducing their detachment, minimizing energy transmission, and protecting excessive energy stored in the nodes. This approach helps decrease delays, reduce traffic flow, and optimize network performance. The execution is implemented on the NS2 software. The experimental outcomes exhibit that the proposed system performs better based on two wireless sensor architectures, such as 50 nodes and 100 nodes. The parameter produces 52.24%, 54.38%, and 56.37% better network lifetime; 44.71%, 46.24%, and 49.45% higher alive node; and 39.26%, 36.26%, and 28.65% lesser dead SNs compared with existing techniques like multi‐objective cluster head (CH)–based energy‐aware optimized routing approach in wireless sensor network (MOCH‐ORR‐WSN), energy effective CH selection with improved sparrow search algorithm in WSN (ECH‐ISS‐WSN), and energy effectual cluster basis routing protocol under butterfly optimization along ant colony optimization algorithms for WSN (EEC‐BOA‐ACO‐WSN).
What's New in Diode Laser Hair Removal?
Authors: Pillai Rahul , Pillai Jisha 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLaser hair removal remains one of the most common procedures in cosmetic dermatology. It has always been challenging because of the higher competing epidermal melanocyte as the targeted hair chromophore is also melanin. As a result, to avoid unwanted side effects from laser therapy while maintaining high efficacy levels, the use of the right laser device, appropriate settings, and customized pre and posttreatment care are crucial. With more efficient versions of existing lasers in the market, the safety profile has been taken care of without compromising the efficacy. Diode lasers along with long pulsed Nd:YAG and alexandrite are considered as the safest hair removal lasers.ObjectiveTo summarize recent developments in diode laser hair reduction focusing on improvements in efficiency, safety, and patient compliance with recent innovations.Materials and MethodsA review of recent literature updates in diode laser hair reduction technology focusing on multiwavelength systems, safety profiles, and innovations in laser device was searched using keywords diode laser hair removal and mutliwavelength diode laser devices.ResultsCurrently, 810 nm diode laser is the most extensively used technology for the long term elimination of unwanted hair, thus establishing itself as an efficacious and safe modality. The rapid multiple pass in motion technique with lesser fluence and gradual heating of the skin epidermis was more well tolerated in patients than the higher fluence single shot method. Most popular combination of triple wavelength was 755, 810, and 1064 nm, which is considered most effective with least complications.ConclusionDiode lasers still remain the gold standard in laser hair removal especially on darker skin types. Recent innovations in diode laser have significantly improved the efficacy, safety, and patient compliance with hair reduction. Multiwavelength platforms seems to be the way forward, however the basic principles and certain problems like minimal pain, treating thin hair, paradoxical hair growth, white hair removal still remains a challenge.
Assessing the Potential of Environmental DNA for Monitoring Nature‐Like Bypasses: Erroneous Surveillance Owing to DNA Flow‐Through
Authors: Tolonen Kimmo T. , Lehtinen Anne , Laamanen Tiina , Koljonen Saija 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTNature‐like bypasses refer to fishways that simulate natural streams. Apart from facilitating fish migrations, bypasses possess the capacity to enhance biodiversity in dammed rivers. Feasibility of environmental DNA (eDNA) as a tool for bypass assessments is unknown. This study investigated fish eDNA in 10 bypasses and their main channels. Initially, the relative DNA flow‐through was estimated in bypasses. Subsequently, the impact of environmental factors and bypasses on fish assemblages was evaluated, and the robustness of the eDNA and electrofishing methods was assessed pertaining to bypass monitoring. The eDNA flow‐through was computed using an equation to estimate the residual DNA at specified distances downstream of the source site. The relative DNA flow‐through was lowest in the longest bypass with low flow rate and highest in the shortest bypass with higher flow rate and was dependent on the DNA decay rate coefficient used. The redundancy analysis revealed significant effects of spatial location, agriculture, catchment area, and bypass length on the species composition. The within‐river analyses indicated significant and nonsignificant bypass effects on species composition and total species richness, respectively. Higher richness and DNA abundance of migratory and threatened species were observed in the bypasses than in the main channels. The eDNA samples displayed higher species richness compared to electrofishing. The species composition of the bypass eDNA samples was intermediate between that of the main channel eDNA and bypass electrofishing samples, which further corroborated performance of eDNA flow‐through in bypasses. Therefore, bypass eDNA samples represented variable mixtures of local and main channel assemblages, indicating relatively low robustness of eDNA for quantitative and spatially accurate bypass assessments. Nevertheless, these results demonstrate practical applicability of eDNA in surveying the presence of desired species and evidence of the benefits of bypasses in supporting biodiversity and species threatened by damming.
Development of eDNA Protocols for Detection of Endangered White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in the Wild
Authors: Crossman James A. , Flores Anne‐Marie , Messmer Amber , Nelson R. John , McAdam Steve O. , Johnson Peter , Reece Pamela , Koop Ben F. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the distribution and habitat use of endangered species is essential for conservation efforts. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has become a more common approach to defining species habitat occupancy through identification of residual DNA in water samples and has potential to detect populations that are in low abundance or use habitats over a large geographical range. Here, we optimized an eDNA protocol to detect the presence of the endangered white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). We implemented lab‐based experiments to understand the sensitivity and persistence of white sturgeon eDNA and then applied these methods to habitats with known white sturgeon abundances categorized as high, low, or not present. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and a modified StrAci1N‐flap primer set, white sturgeon eDNA was detected in water collected from tanks holding white sturgeon down to a dilution of 10,000× (estimated eDNA concentration of 0.00035 μg/L—0.00176 μg/L). Following the removal of white sturgeon from the tanks, the eDNA signal decreased with time but could be detected for up to 7 days. In the field, all sites with high abundances of white sturgeon returned positive eDNA detections. We did not detect white sturgeon eDNA at sites with low abundance or in areas where they were not expected to be present. Results from this work further advance our interpretation of eDNA from wild populations and provide a noninvasive method to advance recovery efforts by identifying species presence in areas of suspected use or to guide additional inventory efforts.
Factors associated with stellate ganglion block success in recurrent ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Chouairi Fouad , Fudim Marat , Benak Ales , Piccini Jonathan P. , Toman Jakub , Kautzner Josef , Ganesh Arun , Sramko Marek 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsOne treatment option for refractory ventricular arrythmias is stellate ganglion block (SGB). We examined differences in SGB success by patient and arrhythmia characteristics and predictors of successful SGB.Methods and resultsThis was a multicenter analysis of patients treated for refractory ventricular arrythmias in the Czech Republic and the United States. The primary outcome was absence of ventricular arrythmias at 24 h post SGB. SGB effectiveness was examined according to aetiology of cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia type, laterality of SGB, presence of inotropes, and presence of mechanical circulatory support. Binary logistic regression was used to examine variables associated with the primary outcome. In total there were 117 patients with refractory ventricular arrythmias treated with SGB. Overall, the mean age was 63.5 ± 11.0 years, majority of patients were male (94.0%), White (87.2%), and had an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in situ (70.1%). There were no differences in efficacy of SGB based on aetiology of cardiomyopathy (P = 0.623), arrhythmia type (0.852), laterality of block (P = 0.131), and presence of inotropes (P = 0.083). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that increased age was associated with decreased odds of SGB success (odds ratio: 0.96, confidence interval: 0.92–0.99, P = 0.039) whereas increased left ventricular ejection fraction trended towards increased odds of SGB success (odds ratio: 1.05, confidence interval: 0.995–1.11, P = 0.077).ConclusionsIn this multicentre experience, SGB was similarly effective despite the aetiology of cardiomyopathy, type of arrhythmia, laterality, and inotropic or mechanical support. SGB was less effective for the suppression of ventricular arrythmias at 24 h for the elderly.
Bilateral Todd's paralysis in a patient with left fronto‐opercular epilepsy
Authors: Oliveira Daniela Santos , Rocha Helena , Vieira Duarte , Rito Manuel , Rego Ricardo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPostictal paresis (“Todd's paralysis”) is commonly observed as a unilateral, transient motor weakness, lasting minutes to hours, after focal or focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, contralateral to the epileptogenic zone. Bilateral postictal paresis is exceedingly rare and could be misinterpreted, especially if the preceding convulsive phase was not witnessed. An 18‐year‐old right‐handed male patient with refractory focal epilepsy with seizure onset at age 3 years, was admitted for presurgical video‐EEG monitoring. His seizures were predominantly nocturnal, consisting of a laryngeal somatosensory aura, occasionally evolving to bilateral tonic or tonic–clonic seizures with occasional asymmetrical limb extension during the tonic phase (right arm extension). Postictally, consciousness recovery was fast, if ever lost. At that stage, we documented severe dysarthria and bilateral symmetrical arm paresis lasting several minutes. The ictal pattern and interictal epileptiform activity were projected on the fronto‐central midline. Brain MRI was highly suggestive of a bottom‐of‐sulcus dysplasia with underlying transmantle sign on the left premotor, fronto‐opercular region and an FDG‐PET‐CT showed a concordant left fronto‐operculo‐insular hypometabolism. A complete lesionectomy was performed, with the additional guidance of intraoperative electrocorticography, resulting in sustained seizure freedom. Anatomo‐pathology confirmed a type 2b focal cortical dysplasia. We speculate that, in our patient, a left fronto‐opercular ictal onset with an early spread to both primary motor cortices and relative sparing of consciousness networks allowed the emergence of a clinically detectable postictal bilateral paresis.
Awareness and willingness to use pre‐exposure prophylaxis among the University of Zambia students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kampamba Martin , Nelumbu Natalia N. , Hikaambo Christabel N. , Mudenda Steward , Hangoma Jimmy M. , Kunda Mwape , Mufwambi Webrod , Hamachila Audrey , Mukosha Moses 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDespite a quick rollout of PrEP as a preventive method against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections in Zambia, adolescent and young adult populations have remained very vulnerable to HIV infection. This study assessed the awareness and willingness to use PrEP among University of Zambia (UNZA) students.MethodsThree hundred forty‐six students participated in this cross‐sectional study at UNZA between March and June 2021. A previously validated questionnaire assessed willingness to use PrEP. We tested the hypothesized pathways between sexual risk behavior and willingness to use PrEP using the structural equation model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine factors associated with willingness to use PrEP. Variables with a p‐value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 346 students, 271 (78.3%) were aware of PrEP, and 59 (17.1%) of the participants were willing to use PrEP. Only 17 (4.9%) of the participants had used PrEP before. In the multivariable logistic regression model, students who were aware of PrEP compared to those who were not (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.10, 8.40, p) were more likely to be willing to use PrEP. Sexual risk behavior indirectly and positively affected willingness to use PrEP through awareness of PrEP.ConclusionEven though most students were aware of PrEP, the willingness to use this preventative measure is still low among UNZA students, resulting in low uptake. Therefore, concerted efforts are required to influence the willingness and uptake of PrEP, especially in high‐risk age groups such as university students.
An overview of sulbactam‐durlobactam approval and implications in advancing therapeutics for hospital‐acquired and ventilator‐associated pneumonia by acinetobacter baumannii‐calcoaceticus complex: A narrative review
Authors: Anand Ayush , Verma Amogh , Kaur Sarabjeet , Kathayat Priyangi , Manoj Rachel M. , Aakanksha Aakanksha , Turzin Justice K. , Satapathy Prakasini , Khatib Mahalaqua N. , Gaidhane Shilpa , Zahiruddin Quazi S. , Kukreti Neelima , Rustagi Sarvesh , Surana Arihant 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeInfections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, particularly those resistant to antibiotics such as carbapenem, have become a global health crisis with a significant mortality rate. Hospital‐acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) resulting from the A. baumannii‐calcoaceticus (ABC) complex represent a major clinical challenge. This review aimed to understand the approval process, mechanism of action, therapeutic potential, and future implications of sulbactam‐durlobactam therapy (SUL‐DUR).MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Clinical trials. gov, ICTRP, and CENTRAL were searched for studies on SUL‐DUR for the treatment of hospital‐acquired pneumonia and ventilator‐associated pneumonia. Also, World Health Organization, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites were searched for relevant information.ResultsSUL‐DUR, marketed as Xacduro, is a novel pharmaceutical combination that functions as a narrow‐spectrum parenterally administered antibiotic. Sulbactam acts as a β‐lactamase inhibitor, whereas durlobactam protects against degradation by A. baumannii enzymes. A phase 1 trial successfully established the safety and tolerability of SUL‐DUR in patients with normal and mild renal impairment. A phase 2 trial demonstrated the safety and tolerability of SUL‐DUR in a larger population with urinary tract infections. A phase 3 trial showed that SUL‐DUR was non‐inferior to colistin in terms of mortality in A. baumannii‐related VAP, HAP, and bacteremia.ConclusionThe combination of sulbactam and durlobactam is a promising treatment option for HAP and VAP caused by ABC complex.
Dysregulation of lncRNA TFAP2A‐AS1 is involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis by the regulation of microRNA‐32‐5p
Authors: Liu Mingming , Jia Weijing , Bai Lin , Lin Qiaolin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate TFAP2A‐AS1 expression in the dental pulp of teeth with or without pulpitis and to determine the function of TFAP2A‐AS1 in pulp cells.MethodsGSE92681 was analyzed to filter out differentially expressed lncRNAs. Pulp samples from teeth with pulpitis and healthy teeth (control) were examined using real‐time (RT) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were cultured in a specific medium for osteogenic induction, or treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate inflammation. The viability and apoptosis of human DPSCs (hDPSCs) were determined by XTT assay and apoptosis detection kit. Inflammation was induced by LPS and assessed by measuring the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines after TFAP2A‐AS1 knockdown. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs was investigated by determining expression levels of osteogenic markers and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after TFAP2A‐AS1 overexpression. The downstream microRNA (miRNA) was predicted. Dual‐luciferase reporter was used to confirm the binding between miR‐32‐5p and TFAP2A‐AS1.ResultsThe expression of TFAP2A‐AS1 was evaluated in inflamed pulp using RT‐qPCR. TFAP2A‐AS1 had a discriminatory ability for healthy individuals and patients with pulpitis. The expression of TFAP2A‐AS1 decreased upon the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, and increased upon the LPS induction. TFAP2A‐AS1 can reverse the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, as evidenced by decreased levels of dentine sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein−1, and ALP activity. TFAP2A‐AS1 knockdown can promote cell proliferation of hDPSCs and relieve LPS‐induced inflammation, as evidenced by decreased levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. miR‐32‐5p was identified as a downstream miRNA of TFAP2A‐AS1.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the expression and potential function of TFAP2A‐AS1 in the human dental pulp. TFAP2A‐AS1 can inhibit odontogenic differentiation but promote inflammation in pulp cells.
DNA methylation variations of DNA damage response correlate survival and local immune status in melanomas
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Xiao‐dong , Yang Han‐qing , Li Yang , Chen Wen‐mei , Yin An‐an 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to explore the impact of DNA methylation alterations on the DNA damage response (DDR) in melanoma prognosis and immunity.Material & methodsDifferent melanoma cohorts with molecular and clinical data were included.ResultsHierarchical clustering utilizing different combinations of DDR‐relevant CpGs yielded distinct melanoma subtypes, which were characteristic of different prognoses, transcriptional function profiles of DDR, and immunity and immunotherapy responses but were associated with similar tumor mutation burdens. We then constructed and validated a clinically applicable 4‐CpG risk‐score signature for predicting survival and immunotherapy response.ConclusionOur study describes the close interrelationship among DNA methylation, DDR machinery, local tumor immune status, melanoma prognosis, and immunotherapy response.
Culture dependent and independent approaches reveal the role of specific bacteria in human skin aging
Authors: Xia Jing‐jing , Zhong Qian , Li Zhi‐ming , Wei Qing‐zhen , Jiang Liu‐yi‐qi , Duan Cheng , Jia Hui‐jue , Tan Yi‐mei , Han Lian‐yi , Krutmann Jean , Wang Jiucun , Liu Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSkin aging is a dynamic process involving a spectrum of phenotypic changes, making it an attractive model for studying microbiome‐phenotype interactions. Therefore, 822 facial microbial samples and 14 skin phenotypes from corresponding areas were assessed in a Chinese cohort. Porphyrins and the chronological age exhibited the most significant microbial variability. We further profiled the dynamics of the skin microbiome associated with age and aging phenotypes. Using a multiple linear regression model, we predicted premature/delayed aging‐related microbial species, mainly Moraxella osloensis and Cutibacterium acnes. We also validated the biological functions of the host‐microbe interactions in vitro. Moraxella osloensis isolated from healthy skin regulates collagen metabolism and extracellular matrix assembly, and promotes cell senescence in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts, making it potentially applicable in the development of antiaging interventions.
Novel insights into immunopathogenesis and crucial biomarkers between primary open‐angle glaucoma and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liu Yixian , You Mengling , Zeng Zhou , Wang Jing , Rong Rong , Xia Xiaobo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlaucoma is the primary factor underlying irreversible blindness. Recent studies suggest that the risk of glaucoma significantly increases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify novel common biomarkers and potential therapeutic drugs for SLE and glaucoma. GSE27276, GSE50772, and GSE148371 datasets were sourced from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. An integrated analysis of the datasets for both diseases identified biomarkers and thoroughly examined their biological roles and molecular mechanisms using differential expression analysis (DEA), weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene enrichment analysis, machine learning, microRNA (miRNA) and transcription factor analyses, immune infiltration analyses, and single‐cell transcriptome analysis. Concurrently, molecular docking was used to forecast potential drugs targeting these biomarkers. Finally, reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was performed in human trabecular meshwork stem cells to validate the five identified biomarkers. The 10 key genes identified through DEA and WGCNA were predominantly involved in immune, inflammatory, and autophagy pathways. Additionally, machine learning identified five biomarkers, and we established associated transcription factors and miRNA regulatory networks. Immune infiltration analysis indicated an elevated presence of immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, and B cells, in both conditions. Furthermore, the DSigDB database yielded 10 potential therapeutic agents, three of which showed strong binding potential to the biomarkers via molecular docking. The RT‐qPCR results confirmed the trend in gene expression. This study uncovered a new link between SLE and primary open‐angle glaucoma, identifying biomarkers and mechanisms of immunopathogenesis for future research and treatment strategies.