bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Peri‐implant bone loss clinical and radiographic evaluation around rough neck and microthread implants: a 5‐year study
Authors: Calvo‐Guirado José Luis , López‐López Patricia J. , Pérez‐Albacete Martínez Carlos , Javed Fawad , Granero‐Marín José Manuel , Maté Sánchez de Val José Eduardo , Ramírez Fernández Maria Piedad 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate marginal bone loss over 5 years around microthreaded implants placed in the maxillary anterior/esthetic zone and immediate restored with non‐occlusal loading.Materials and methodsSeventy‐one implants (with microthreads up to the platform‐rough surface body and neck, internal connection and platform switching) were placed in healed bone in the maxillary arches of 30 men and 23 women (mean age 37.85 ± 7.09 years, range 27–60). All subjects had at least 3 mm of soft tissue to allow the establishment of adequate biologic width and to reduce bone resorption. Each patient received a provisional restoration immediately after implant placement with slight occlusal contact. Mesial and distal bone height was evaluated using digital radiography on the day following implant placement (baseline) and after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. Primary stability was measured with resonance frequency analysis.ResultsNo implants failed, resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 100% after 3 years. Marginal bone loss from implant collar to bone crest measured at baseline (peri‐implant bone defect at the fresh extraction socket) and after 5 years was 0.90 mm ± 0.26 mm. Mesial and distal site crestal bone loss ranged from 3.42 ± 1.2 mm at baseline to 3.51 ± 1.5 mm after 5 years and from 3.38 ± 0.9 mm at baseline to 3.49 ± 0.9 mm after 5 years, respectively (P = 0.086).ConclusionsThe results of this study showed limited implant crestal bone loss 0.90 mm ± 0.26 mm and 100% of implant survival rate at 5‐year follow‐up of immediate restored implants with rough surface neck and microthreads.
Butterfly community shifts over two centuries
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Segerer Andreas , Ulrich Werner , Torchyk Olena , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Schmitt Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEnvironmental changes strongly impact the distribution of species and subsequently the composition of species assemblages. Although most community ecology studies represent temporal snap shots, long‐term observations are rather rare. However, only such time series allow the identification of species composition shifts over several decades or even centuries. We analyzed changes in the species composition of a southeastern German butterfly and burnet moth community over nearly 2 centuries (1840–2013). We classified all species observed over this period according to their ecological tolerance, thereby assessing their degree of habitat specialisation. This classification was based on traits of the butterfly and burnet moth species and on their larval host plants. We collected data on temperature and precipitation for our study area over the same period. The number of species declined substantially from 1840 (117 species) to 2013 (71 species). The proportion of habitat specialists decreased, and most of these are currently endangered. In contrast, the proportion of habitat generalists increased. Species with restricted dispersal behavior and species in need of areas poor in soil nutrients had severe losses. Furthermore, our data indicated a decrease in species composition similarity between different decades over time. These data on species composition changes and the general trends of modifications may reflect effects from climate change and atmospheric nitrogen loads, as indicated by the ecological characteristics of host plant species and local changes in habitat configuration with increasing fragmentation. Our observation of major declines over time of currently threatened and protected species shows the importance of efficient conservation strategies.
Climate determines vascular traits in the ecologically diverse genus Eucalyptus
Authors: Pfautsch Sebastian , Harbusch Marco , Wesolowski Anita , Smith Renee , Macfarlane Craig , Tjoelker Mark G. , Reich Peter B. , Adams Mark A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCurrent theory presumes that natural selection on vascular traits is controlled by a trade‐off between efficiency and safety of hydraulic architecture. Hence, traits linked to efficiency, such as vessel diameter, should show biogeographic patterns; but critical tests of these predictions are rare, largely owing to confounding effects of environment, tree size and phylogeny. Using wood sampled from a phylogenetically constrained set of 28 Eucalyptus species, collected from a wide gradient of aridity across Australia, we show that hydraulic architecture reflects adaptive radiation of this genus in response to variation in climate. With increasing aridity, vessel diameters narrow, their frequency increases with a distribution that becomes gradually positively skewed and sapwood density increases while the theoretical hydraulic conductivity declines. Differences in these hydraulic traits appear largely genotypic in origin rather than environmentally plastic. Data reported here reflect long‐term adaptation of hydraulic architecture to water availability. Rapidly changing climates, on the other hand, present significant challenges to the ability of eucalypts to adapt their vasculature.
CAN FREUD EXPLAIN ATHEISM?
Authors: Wagner Martin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTDespite the fact that Sigmund Freud repeatedly and critically dealt with the history of religion from its origins to the present, he hardly ever mentions the historical rise of atheism in modernity in his writings. Starting from this observation, I ask whether the historical emergence of atheism can be explained at all within the framework of Freud's theory of religion. In the first part of my article I concentrate on Freud's monograph Die Zukunft einer Illusion (1927), the only text on religion in which Freud directly deals with the history of atheism. In the second part of my article I turn to an essay by Jan Assmann, who sees in Freud's book Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion (1939) an implicit study of the prehistory of modern atheism. My contention is that Freud's and Assmann's attempts to build an explanation of the historical rise of atheism into Freud's theory of religion remain unsatisfactory.Obwohl sich Sigmund Freud wiederholt kritisch mit der Geschichte der Religion von ihren Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart auseinandergesetzt hat, findet der historische Aufstieg des Atheismus in der Moderne kaum je Erwähnung in seinen Schriften. Ausgehend von dieser Beobachtung gehe ich der Frage nach, ob sich die Verbreitung des Atheismus im Rahmen von Freuds Religionskritik überhaupt schlüssig erklären lässt. Im ersten Teil meines Aufsatzes konzentriere ich mich auf Freuds Monographie Die Zukunft einer Illusion (1927), den einzigen religionskritischen Text im Gesamtwerk, in dem sich Freud direkt zur Geschichte des Atheismus äußert. Im zweiten Teil meines Aufsatzes wende ich mich einem Essay Jan Assmanns zu, der in Freuds Buch Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion (1939) eine implizite Studie zur Vorgeschichte des modernen Atheismus zu erkennen meint. Meine These ist, dass sowohl Freuds als auch Assmanns Versuche, innerhalb der Freud'schen Religionskritik ein Erklärungsmodell für das historische Aufkommen des Atheismus zu etablieren, in sich unschlüssig bleiben.
Mineralized periodontia in extinct relatives of mammals shed light on the evolutionary history of mineral homeostasis in periodontal tissue maintenance
Authors: LeBlanc Aaron R. H. , Reisz Robert R. , Brink Kirstin S. , Abdala Fernando 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimDental ankylosis is a rare pathological condition in mammals, however, it is prevalent in their extinct relatives, the stem mammals. This study seeks to compare the mineralized state of the periodontal attachment apparatus between stem and crown mammals and discuss its implications for the evolution of non‐mineralized periodontal attachment in crown mammals, including humans.Materials and MethodsThin sections of a fossil mammal and three stem mammals were compared to reconstruct periodontal tissue development across distantly related lineages.ResultsComparisons revealed that the extinct relatives of mammals possessed the same periodontal tissues as those in mammals, albeit in different arrangements. The ankylotic condition in stem mammals was achieved through extensive alveolar bone deposition, which eventually contacted the root cementum, thus forming a calcified periodontal ligament.ConclusionsDental ankylosis was part of the normal development of the stem mammal periodontium for millions of years prior to the evolution of a permanent gomphosis in mammals. Mammals may have evolved a permanent gomphosis by delaying the processes that produced dental ankylosis in stem mammals. Pathological ankylosis may represent a reversion to the ancestral condition, which now only forms via advanced ageing and pathology.
Stress increases descending inhibition in mouse and human colon
Authors: Reed D. E. , Zhang Y. , Beyak M. J. , Lourenssen S. , Blennerhassett M. G. , Paterson W. G. , Vanner S. J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundA relationship between stress and the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been well established but the cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated effects of stress and stress hormones on colonic descending inhibition and transit in mouse models and human tissues.MethodsStress was applied using water avoidance stress (WAS) in the animal model or mimicked using stress hormones, adrenaline (5 nM), and corticosterone (1 μM). Intracellular recordings were obtained from colonic circular smooth muscle cells in isolated smooth muscle/myenteric plexus preparations and the inhibitory junction potential (IJP) was elicited by nerve stimulation or balloon distension oral to the site of recording.Key ResultsWater avoidance stress increased the number of fecal pellets compared to control (p < 0.05). WAS also caused a significant increase in IJP amplitude following balloon distension. Stress hormones also increased the IJP amplitude following nerve stimulation and balloon distension (p < 0.05) in control mice but had no effect in colons from stressed mice. No differences were observed with application of ATP between stress and control tissues, suggesting the actions of stress hormones were presynaptic. Stress hormones had a large effect in the nerve stimulated IJP in human colon (increased >50%). Immunohistochemical studies identified alpha and beta adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity on myenteric neurons in human colon.Conclusions & InferencesThese studies suggest that WAS and stress hormones can signal via myenteric neurons to increase inhibitory neuromuscular transmission. This could lead to greater descending relaxation, decreased transit time, and subsequent diarrhea.
Flicker‐defined form stimuli are minimally affected by centre‐surround lateral contrast interactions
Authors: Denniss Jonathan , McKendrick Allison M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeFlicker‐defined form (FDF) stimuli have recently been adopted for visual field testing. A key difference between FDF and traditional perimetric stimuli is that the entire display background contains flickering dots. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the perception of FDF stimuli is influenced by lateral interactions involving regions beyond the stimulus border in young healthy observers.MethodsExperiment 1 measured the effect of surround size and retinal eccentricity on the detection of the FDF contour. Psychometric functions were collected for surround diameters of 20°, 30° and 40°, and with stimuli centred at eccentricities of 0°, 10° and 20°. Experiment 2 measured the effect of target‐surround temporal phase difference on apparent temporal contrast (flicker strength) of the target for both the FDF stimulus and a solid‐field stimulus. Psychometric functions were collected for target‐surround phase differences of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135° and 180°.ResultsOur results show a mild surround‐suppression effect for FDF stimuli that is independent of surround size. Magnitudes of FDF surround suppression were consistent with the reduced temporal contrast energy of the stimulus compared to solid‐field stimuli.ConclusionFDF stimuli necessarily have both flickering target and background. Our results suggest that visual field defects outside the target are unlikely to markedly influence the detection and perception of the FDF stimulus. Nevertheless, mild surround suppression of contrast arises for FDF stimuli, hence interactions between the background and the target area may influence FDF results in conditions that alter centre‐surround perceptual effects.
In Vivo
-Expressed Proteins of Virulent Leptospira interrogans Serovar Autumnalis N2 Elicit Strong IgM Responses of Value in Conclusive Diagnosis
Authors: Raja Veerapandian , Shanmughapriya Santhanam , Kanagavel Murugesan , Artiushin Sergey C. , Velineni Sridhar , Timoney John F. , Natarajaseenivasan Kalimuthusamy 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Leptospirosis is a serious zoonosis that is underdiagnosed because of limited access to laboratory facilities in Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Oceania. Timely diagnosis of locally distributed serovars of high virulence is crucial for successful care and outbreak management. Using pooled patient sera, an expression gene library of a virulent
Leptospira interrogans
serovar Autumnalis strain N2 isolated in South India was screened. The identified genes were characterized, and the purified recombinant proteins were used as antigens in IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) either singly or in combination. Sera (
n
= 118) from cases of acute leptospirosis along with sera (
n
= 58) from healthy subjects were tested for reactivity with the identified proteins in an ELISA designed to detect specific IgM responses. We have identified nine immunoreactive proteins, ArgC, RecA, GlpF, FliD, TrmD, RplS, RnhB, Lp28.6, and Lrr44.9, which were found to be highly conserved among pathogenic leptospires. Apparently, the proteins ArgC, RecA, GlpF, FliD, TrmD, and Lrr44.9 are expressed during natural infection of the host and undetectable in
in vitro
cultures. Among all the recombinant proteins used as antigens in IgM ELISA, ArgC had the highest sensitivity and specificity, 89.8% and 95.5%, respectively, for the conclusive diagnosis of leptospirosis. The use of ArgC and RecA in combination for IgM ELISA increased the sensitivity and specificity to 95.7% and 94.9%, respectively. ArgC and RecA thus elicited specific IgM responses and were therefore effective in laboratory confirmation of
Leptospira
infection.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Clinical Isolate, Mycobacterium abscessus Strain NOV0213
Authors: Dymova M. A. , Alkhovik O. I. , Evdokimova L. S. , Cherednichenko A. G. , Petrenko T. I. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium abscessus
is a rapid-growing species of nontuberculous mycobacteria that is frequently associated with opportunistic infections in humans. We determined the complete genome sequence of the
M. abscessus
strain NOV0213, which was isolated from a patient with tuberculosis-like disease and with various antibiotic resistances.
Impact of childhood experience and adult well-being on eating preferences and behaviours
Authors: Russell Simon J , Hughes Karen , Bellis Mark A 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the relative contribution of childhood experience, measured by childhood violence and childhood happiness, and adult well-being on adult eating preferences and behaviours, independent of proximal factors such as current deprivation.DesignA cross-sectional, stratified, randomised sample survey using retrospective measures of childhood violence and happiness and self-reported measures of current well-being.SettingThe North West Region of England between September 2012 and March 2013.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 18–95-year-olds from randomly selected households (participation was successful for 90% of eligible households and 78% of the total visited addresses; n=11 243).OutcomesDichotomised measures for preference of healthy foods or ‘feel good’ foods and low or high daily fruit and vegetable consumption.ResultsAfter correcting for demographics, combined categories for childhood experience and dichotomised measures of adult well-being were found to be significantly related to adult food preferences and eating behaviours. Participants with unhappy and violent childhoods compared to those with happy and non-violent childhoods had adjusted ORs (95% CI, significance) of 2.67 (2.15 to 3.06, p<0.001) of having low daily fruit and vegetable intake (two or less portions) and 1.53 (1.29 to 1.81, p<0.001) of choosing ‘feel good’ foods over foods which were good for their long term health.ConclusionsDaily intake of fruit and vegetables, linked to non-communicable diseases, and preference for ‘feel good’ foods, linked to obesity, are affected by childhood experience and adult well-being independent of demographic factors. Preventative interventions which support parent–child relationships and improve childhood experience are likely to reduce the development of poor dietary and other health-risk behaviours.
Assessment of adult body composition using bioelectrical impedance: comparison of researcher calculated to machine outputted values
Authors: Franco-Villoria Maria , Wright Charlotte M , McColl John H , Sherriff Andrea , Pearce Mark S ,   and the Gateshead Millennium Study core team
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo explore the usefulness of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) for general use by identifying best-evidenced formulae to calculate lean and fat mass, comparing these to historical gold standard data and comparing these results with machine-generated output. In addition, we explored how to best to adjust lean and fat estimates for height and how these overlapped with body mass index (BMI).DesignCross-sectional observational study within population representative cohort study.SettingUrban community, North East EnglandParticipantsSample of 506 mothers of children aged 7–8 years, mean age 36.3 years.MethodsParticipants were measured at a home visit using a portable height measure and leg-to-leg BIA machine (Tanita TBF-300MA).MeasuresHeight, weight, bioelectrical impedance (BIA).Outcome measuresLean and fat mass calculated using best-evidenced published formulae as well as machine-calculated lean and fat mass data.ResultsEstimates of lean mass were similar to historical results using gold standard methods. When compared with the machine-generated values, there were wide limits of agreement for fat mass and a large relative bias for lean that varied with size. Lean and fat residuals adjusted for height differed little from indices of lean (or fat)/height2. Of 112 women with BMI >30 kg/m2, 100 (91%) also had high fat, but of the 16 with low BMI (<19 kg/m2) only 5 (31%) also had low fat.ConclusionsLean and fat mass calculated from BIA using published formulae produces plausible values and demonstrate good concordance between high BMI and high fat, but these differ substantially from the machine-generated values. Bioelectrical impedance can supply a robust and useful field measure of body composition, so long as the machine-generated output is not used.
Insights from Single-File Diffusion into Cooperativity in Higher Dimensions
Authors: Ooshida Takeshi , Goto Susumu , Matsumoto Takeshi , Otsuki Michio 
Published: January 2016

Diffusion in colloidal suspensions can be very slow due to the cage effect, which confines each particle within a short radius on one hand, and involves large-scale cooperative motions on the other. In search of insight into this cooperativity, here the authors develop a formalism to calculate the displacement correlation in colloidal systems, mainly in the two-dimensional (2D) case. To clarify the idea for it, studies are reviewed on cooperativity among the particles in the one-dimensional (1D) case, i.e. the single-file diffusion (SFD). As an improvement over the celebrated formula by Alexander and Pincus on the mean-square displacement (MSD) in SFD, it is shown that the displacement correlation in SFD can be calculated from Lagrangian correlation of the particle interval in the one-dimensional case, and also that the formula can be extended to higher dimensions. The improved formula becomes exact for large systems. By combining the formula with a nonlinear theory for correlation, a correction to the asymptotic law for the MSD in SFD is obtained. In the 2D case, the linear theory gives description of vortical cooperative motion.
Automated monitoring of high-temperature volcanic features: from high-spatial to very-high-temporal resolution
Authors: Ferrucci Fabrizio , Hirn Barbara 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Developments in spaceborne Earth Observation (EO) sensor technology over the last decade, combined with well-tested physical models and multispectral data-processing techniques developed from the early 1980s, have paved the way to the global monitoring of volcanoes by sensors of metric, decametric, kilometric and multi-kilometric spatial resolution. Such variable geometries provide for revisit intervals ranging from about monthly – at high-spatial resolution in Low-Earth Orbit – to less than 5 min – at low-spatial resolution, from geostationary platforms. There are currently about 20 spacecrafts available for carrying out 24/7 quantitative observations of volcanic unrest, at all resolutions and as close as possible to real-time. We show some successful examples of synergetic EO on volcanoes on three continents from 10 different payloads, automatically processed with three, end-to-end unsupervised procedures, on eight major eruptions and a lava lake between 2006 and 2014.
Identification of Selective Lead Compounds for Treatment of High-Ploidy Breast Cancer
Authors: Choudhary Alka , Zachek Brittany , Lera Robert F. , Zasadil Lauren M. , Lasek Amber , Denu Ryan A. , Kim Hyunjung , Kanugh Craig , Laffin Jennifer J. , Harter Josephine M. , Wisinski Kari B. , Saha Sandeep , Weaver Beth A. , Burkard Mark E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Increased ploidy is common in tumors but treatments for tumors with excess chromosome sets are not available. Here, we characterize high-ploidy breast cancers and identify potential anticancer compounds selective for the high-ploidy state. Among 354 human breast cancers, 10% have mean chromosome copy number exceeding 3, and this is most common in triple-negative and HER2-positive types. Women with high-ploidy breast cancers have higher risk of recurrence and death in two patient cohorts, demonstrating that it represents an important group for improved treatment. Because high-ploidy cancers are aneuploid, rather than triploid or tetraploid, we devised a two-step screen to identify selective compounds. The screen was designed to assure both external validity on diverse karyotypic backgrounds and specificity for high-ploidy cell types. This screen identified novel therapies specific to high-ploidy cells. First, we discovered 8-azaguanine, an antimetabolite that is activated by hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1), suggesting an elevated gene-dosage of HPRT1 in high-ploidy tumors can control sensitivity to this drug. Second, we discovered a novel compound, 2,3-diphenylbenzo[g]quinoxaline-5,10-dione (DPBQ). DPBQ activates p53 and triggers apoptosis in a polyploid-specific manner, but does not inhibit topoisomerase or bind DNA. Mechanistic analysis demonstrates that DPBQ elicits a hypoxia gene signature and its effect is replicated, in part, by enhancing oxidative stress. Structure–function analysis defines the core benzo[g]quinoxaline-5,10 dione as being necessary for the polyploid-specific effects of DPBQ. We conclude that polyploid breast cancers represent a high-risk subgroup and that DPBQ provides a functional core to develop polyploid-selective therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(1); 48–59. ©2015 AACR.