bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The A-B transition in superfluid helium-3 under confinement in a thin slab geometry
Authors: Zhelev N. , Abhilash T. S. , Smith E. N. , Bennett R. G. , Rojas X. , Levitin L. , Saunders J. , Parpia J. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe influence of confinement on the phases of superfluid helium-3 is studied using the torsional pendulum method. We focus on the transition between the A and B phases, where the A phase is stabilized by confinement and a spatially modulated stripe phase is predicted at the A–B phase boundary. Here we discuss results from superfluid helium-3 contained in a single 1.08-μm-thick nanofluidic cavity incorporated into a high-precision torsion pendulum, and map the phase diagram between 0.1 and 5.6 bar. We observe only small supercooling of the A phase, in comparison to bulk or when confined in aerogel, with evidence for a non-monotonic pressure dependence. This suggests that an intrinsic B-phase nucleation mechanism operates under confinement. Both the phase diagram and the relative superfluid fraction of the A and B phases, show that strong coupling is present at all pressures, with implications for the stability of the stripe phase.
JWA regulates TRAIL-induced apoptosis via MARCH8-mediated DR4 ubiquitination in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells
Authors: Wang Q , Chen Q , Zhu L , Chen M , Xu W , Panday S , Wang Z , Li A , Røe O D , Chen R , Wang S , Zhang R , Zhou J 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPlatinum chemotherapeutics are widely used to treat solid malignant tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). Drug resistance to platinum compounds may result in cancer relapse and decreased survival. The identification and development of novel agents to reactivate apoptosis pathways in platinum-resistant cancer cells is therefore necessary. Here we report that cisplatin-resistant human GC cells (BGC823/DDP and SGC7901/DDP) but not their parental cells (BGC823 and SGC7901) exhibit high sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as a result of overexpression of death receptor 4 (DR4). Furthermore, we found that JWA, a molecule that promotes cisplatin-induced apoptosis in GC cells, suppressed TRAIL-induced apoptosis via negative regulation of DR4. Mechanistically, JWA promoted the ubiquitination of DR4 at K273 via upregulation of the ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated RING-CH-8 (MARCH8). In human GC tissues, JWA and DR4 protein levels were negatively correlated. Thus TRAIL may serve as an auxiliary treatment for cisplatin-resistant GC, and JWA may be a potential predictive marker of TRAIL sensitivity and may improve personalized therapeutics for treating human GC.
Human snoRNA-93 is processed into a microRNA-like RNA that promotes breast cancer cell invasion
Authors: Patterson Dillon G. , Roberts Justin T. , King Valeria M. , Houserova Dominika , Barnhill Emmaline C. , Crucello Aline , Polska Caroline J. , Brantley Lucas W. , Kaufman Garrett C. , Nguyen Michael , Santana Megann W. , Schiller Ian A. , Spicciani Julius S. , Zapata Anastasia K. , Miller Molly M. , Sherman Timothy D. , Ma Ruixia , Zhao Hongyou , Arora Ritu , Coley Alexander B. , Zeidan Melody M. , Tan Ming , Xi Yaguang , Borchert Glen M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGenetic searches for tumor suppressors have recently linked small nucleolar RNA misregulations with tumorigenesis. In addition to their classically defined functions, several small nucleolar RNAs are now known to be processed into short microRNA-like fragments called small nucleolar RNA-derived RNAs. To determine if any small nucleolar RNA-derived RNAs contribute to breast malignancy, we recently performed a RNA-seq-based comparison of the small nucleolar RNA-derived RNAs of two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and identified small nucleolar RNA-derived RNAs derived from 13 small nucleolar RNAs overexpressed in MDA-MB-231s. Importantly, we find that inhibiting the most differentially expressed of these small nucleolar RNA-derived RNAs (sdRNA-93) in MDA-MB-231 cells results primarily in a loss of invasiveness, whereas increased sdRNA-93 expression in either cell line conversely results in strikingly enhanced invasion. Excitingly, we recently determined sdRNA-93 expressions in small RNA-seq data corresponding to 116 patient tumors and normal breast controls, and while we find little sdRNA-93 expression in any of the controls and only sporadic expression in most subtypes, we find robust expression of sdRNA-93 in 92.8% of Luminal B Her2+tumors. Of note, our analyses also indicate that at least one of sdRNA-93’s endogenous roles is to regulate the expression of Pipox, a sarcosine metabolism-related protein whose expression significantly correlates with distinct molecular subtypes of breast cancer. We find sdRNA-93 can regulate the Pipox 3′UTR via standard reporter assays and that manipulating endogenous sdRNA-93 levels inversely correlates with altered Pipox expression. In summary, our results strongly indicate that sdRNA-93 expression actively contributes to the malignant phenotype of breast cancer through participating in microRNA-like regulation.
A homozygous mutation in the stem II domain of RNU4ATAC causes typical Roifman syndrome
Authors: Dinur Schejter Yael , Ovadia Adi , Alexandrova Roumiana , Thiruvahindrapuram Bhooma , Pereira Sergio L. , Manson David E. , Vincent Ajoy , Merico Daniele , Roifman Chaim M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRoifman syndrome (OMIM# 616651) is a complex syndrome encompassing skeletal dysplasia, immunodeficiency, retinal dystrophy and developmental delay, and is caused by compound heterozygous mutations involving the Stem II region and one of the other domains of the RNU4ATAC gene. This small nuclear RNA gene is essential for minor intron splicing. The Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Registry and Repository were used to derive patient information as well as tissues. Utilising RNA sequencing methodologies, we analysed samples from patients with Roifman syndrome and assessed intron retention. We demonstrate that a homozygous mutation in Stem II is sufficient to cause the full spectrum of features associated with typical Roifman syndrome. Further, we demonstrate the same pattern of aberration in minor intron retention as found in cases with compound heterozygous mutations.
Response inhibition in Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis of dopaminergic medication and disease duration effects
Authors: Manza Peter , Amandola Matthew , Tatineni Vivekanand , Li Chiang-shan R. , Leung Hoi-Chung 
Published: July 2017

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the basal ganglia that results in a host of motor and cognitive deficits. Dopamine-replacement therapy ameliorates some of the hallmark motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, but whether these medications improve deficits in response inhibition, a critical executive function for behavioral control, has been questioned. Several studies of Parkinson’s disease patients “on” and “off” (12-h withdrawal) dopaminergic medications suggested that dopamine-replacement therapy did not provide significant response inhibition benefits. However, these studies tended to include patients with moderate-to-advanced Parkinson’s disease, when the efficacy of dopaminergic drugs is reduced compared to early-stage Parkinson’s disease. In contrast, a few recent studies in early-stage Parkinson’s disease report that dopaminergic drugs do improve response inhibition deficits. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that Parkinson’s disease duration interacts with medication status to produce changes in cognitive function. To investigate this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls on tests of response inhibition (50 comparisons from 42 studies). The findings supported the hypothesis; medication benefited response inhibition in patients with shorter disease duration, whereas “off” medication, moderate deficits were present that were relatively unaffected by disease duration. These findings support the role of dopamine in response inhibition and suggest the need to consider disease duration in research of the efficacy of dopamine-replacement therapy on cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease.
Gasoline cars produce more carbonaceous particulate matter than modern filter-equipped diesel cars
Authors: Platt S. M. , El Haddad I. , Pieber S. M. , Zardini A. A. , Suarez-Bertoa R. , Clairotte M. , Daellenbach K. R. , Huang R.-J. , Slowik J. G. , Hellebust S. , Temime-Roussel B. , Marchand N. , de Gouw J. , Jimenez J. L. , Hayes P. L. , Robinson A. L. , Baltensperger U. , Astorga C. , Prévôt A. S. H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCarbonaceous particulate matter (PM), comprising black carbon (BC), primary organic aerosol (POA) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA, from atmospheric aging of precursors), is a highly toxic vehicle exhaust component. Therefore, understanding vehicle pollution requires knowledge of both primary emissions, and how these emissions age in the atmosphere. We provide a systematic examination of carbonaceous PM emissions and parameterisation of SOA formation from modern diesel and gasoline cars at different temperatures (22, −7 °C) during controlled laboratory experiments. Carbonaceous PM emission and SOA formation is markedly higher from gasoline than diesel particle filter (DPF) and catalyst-equipped diesel cars, more so at −7 °C, contrasting with nitrogen oxides (NOX). Higher SOA formation from gasoline cars and primary emission reductions for diesels implies gasoline cars will increasingly dominate vehicular total carbonaceous PM, though older non-DPF-equipped diesels will continue to dominate the primary fraction for some time. Supported by state-of-the-art source apportionment of ambient fossil fuel derived PM, our results show that whether gasoline or diesel cars are more polluting depends on the pollutant in question, i.e. that diesel cars are not necessarily worse polluters than gasoline cars.
Genetic variants of TRAF6 modulate peritoneal immunity and the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: A combined prospective-retrospective study
Authors: Mai Martina , Stengel Sven , Al-Herwi Eihab , Peter Jack , Schmidt Caroline , Rubio Ignacio , Stallmach Andreas , Bruns Tony 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlterations of the innate immunity contribute to the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in liver cirrhosis. Given its role in immune signaling, antimicrobial function, and macrophage differentiation, we hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms of TRAF6 modulate the risk of SBP. Thus, we determined theTRAF6 haplotype in 432 patients with cirrhosis and ascites using the haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms rs331457 and rs5030419. In addition, peritoneal macrophages were immunomagnetically isolated and characterized. Overall, 122 (28%) patients had an episode of SBP. In the combined prospective-retrospective analysis the frequency of SBP differed between the four haplotypes (P = 0.014) and was the highest in 102 patients carrying the rs331457 but not the rs5030419 variant, when compared to other haplotypes (odds ratio 1.95 [1.22–3.12]) or to the wild-type (odds ratio 1.71 [1.04–2.82]). This association was confirmed in multivariate logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio 2.00 [1.24–3.22]) and in prospective sensitivity analysis (hazard ratio 2.09 [1.08–4.07]; P = 0.03). The risk haplotype was associated with lower concentrations of the immune activation marker soluble CD87 in ascitic fluid and with a decreased expression of IL-6 and CXCL8 in isolated peritoneal macrophages. In conclusion, genetic polymorphisms of TRAF6 are associated with decreased peritoneal immune activation and an increased risk of SBP.
Blast-Induced Tinnitus and Elevated Central Auditory and Limbic Activity in Rats: A Manganese-Enhanced MRI and Behavioral Study
Authors: Ouyang Jessica , Pace Edward , Lepczyk Laura , Kaufman Michael , Zhang Jessica , Perrine Shane A. , Zhang Jinsheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBlast-induced tinitus is the number one service-connected disability that currently affects military personnel and veterans. To elucidate its underlying mechanisms, we subjected 13 Sprague Dawley adult rats to unilateral 14 psi blast exposure to induce tinnitus and measured auditory and limbic brain activity using manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). Tinnitus was evaluated with a gap detection acoustic startle reflex paradigm, while hearing status was assessed with prepulse inhibition (PPI) and auditory brainstem responses (﻿ABR﻿﻿s). Both anxiety and cognitive functioning were assessed using elevated plus maze and Morris water maze, respectively. Five weeks after blast exposure, 8 of the 13 blasted rats exhibited chronic tinnitus. While acoustic PPI remained intact and ABR thresholds recovered, the ABR wave P1-N1 amplitude reduction persisted in all blast-exposed rats. No differences in spatial cognition were observed, but blasted rats as a whole exhibited increased anxiety. MEMRI data revealed a bilateral increase in activity along the auditory pathway and in certain limbic regions of rats with tinnitus compared to age-matched controls. Taken together, our data suggest that while blast-induced tinnitus may play a role in auditory and limbic hyperactivity, the non-auditory effects of blast and potential traumatic brain injury may also exert an effect.
Barbier-type anti-Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Trimethylsilyl, Fluorinated Methyl, Phenylthio Homoallylic Alcohols
Authors: Guo Rui , Yang Qin , Tian Qinshan , Zhang Guozhu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCatalytic Asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with functionalized allylic reagents represents an important process in synthetic organic chemistry because the resulting chiral homoallylic alcohols are valuable building blocks in diverse research fields. Despite the obvious advantages of allyl halides as allylation reagent under Barbier-type conditions, catalytic asymmetric version using functionalized allyl halides remains largely underdeveloped. Here, we addressed this issue by employing a chromium-catalysis system. The use of readily available allyl bromides with γ substitutions including trimethylsilyl, fluorinated methyl and phenylthio groups provided an efficient and convenient method to introduce those privileged functionalities into homoallylic alcohols. Good yields, high anti-diastereo- and excellent enantioselectivities were achieved under mild reaction conditions.
Achieving low-emissivity materials with high transmission for broadband radio-frequency signals
Authors: Liu Liu , Chang Huiting , Xu Tao , Song Yanan , Zhang Chi , Hang Zhi Hong , Hu Xinhua 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe use of low-emissivity (low-e) materials in modern buildings is an extremely efficient way to save energy. However, such materials are coated by metallic films, which can strongly block radio-frequency signals and prevent indoor-outdoor wireless communication. Here, we demonstrate that, when specially-designed metallic metasurfaces are covered on them, the low-e materials can remain low emissivity for thermal radiation and allow very high transmission for a broad band of radio-frequency signals. It is found that the application of air-connected metasurfaces with subwavelength periods is critical to the observed high transmission. Such effects disappear if periods are comparable to wavelengths or metal-connected structures are utilized. The conclusion is supported by both simulations and experiments. Advantages such as easy to process, low cost, large-area fabrication and design versatility of the metasurface make it a promising candidate to solve the indoor outdoor communication problem.
Tunable magnetization and damping of sputter-deposited, exchange coupled Py|Fe bilayers
Authors: Omelchenko Pavlo , Montoya Eric Arturo , Coutts Chris , Heinrich Bret , Girt Erol 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe report on magnetic damping of exchange coupled, polycrystalline Py(Ni80Fe20)|Fe and Fe|Py bilayers, prepared by sputter-deposition on an amorphous 3 nm Ta seed layer. FMR measurements are performed on varying thicknesses of the individual Py and Fe layers while keeping the total bilayer structure thickness fixed. When Fe is grown directly on Ta, there is large magnetic inhomogeneity and damping. However, when a Py layer is deposited between Fe and Ta, both the magnetic inhomogeneity and damping significantly decrease even if Fe is covered by Ta. The intrinsic damping of the Ta|Py|Fe film can be further lowered by increasing the Fe to Py ratio. SQUID measurements show a linear increase in saturation magnetization with increasing ratio of Fe to Py. A combination of in-plane and out-of-plane X-ray diffraction measurements show that Py is textured along the 〈111〉 directions and Fe is textured along the 〈110〉, with Fe texture significantly improving if it is deposited on Ta|Py instead of Ta. By improving the texture of Fe by introducing a thin Py layer between Fe and Ta, one can grow Fe thin films with zero in-plane anisotropy, tunable magnetic moment, and low magnetic damping, approaching that of the best single crystal Fe.
Network Structure Explains the Impact of Attitudes on Voting Decisions
Authors: Dalege Jonas , Borsboom Denny , van Harreveld Frenk , Waldorp Lourens J. , van der Maas Han L. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAttitudes can have a profound impact on socially relevant behaviours, such as voting. However, this effect is not uniform across situations or individuals, and it is at present difficult to predict whether attitudes will predict behaviour in any given circumstance. Using a network model, we demonstrate that (a) more strongly connected attitude networks have a stronger impact on behaviour, and (b) within any given attitude network, the most central attitude elements have the strongest impact. We test these hypotheses using data on voting and attitudes toward presidential candidates in the US presidential elections from 1980 to 2012. These analyses confirm that the predictive value of attitude networks depends almost entirely on their level of connectivity, with more central attitude elements having stronger impact. The impact of attitudes on voting behaviour can thus be reliably determined before elections take place by using network analyses.
A possible origin population of pathogenic intestinal nematodes, Strongyloides stercoralis, unveiled by molecular phylogeny
Authors: Nagayasu Eiji , Aung Myo Pa Pa Thet Hnin Htwe , Hortiwakul Thanaporn , Hino Akina , Tanaka Teruhisa , Higashiarakawa Miwa , Olia Alex , Taniguchi Tomoyo , Win Soe Moe Thu , Ohashi Isao , Odongo-Aginya Emmanuel Igwaro , Aye Khin Myo , Mon Mon , Win Kyu Kyu , Ota Kei , Torisu Yukari , Panthuwong Siripen , Kimura Eisaku , Palacpac Nirianne M. Q. , Kikuchi Taisei , Hirata Tetsuo , Torisu Shidow , Hisaeda Hajime , Horii Toshihiro , Fujita Jiro , Htike Wah Win , Maruyama Haruhiko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHumans and dogs are the two major hosts of Strongyloides stercoralis, an intestinal parasitic nematode. To better understand the phylogenetic relationships among S. stercoralis isolates infecting humans and dogs and to assess the zoonotic potential of this parasite, we analyzed mitochondrial Cox1, nuclear 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and a major sperm protein domain-containing protein genes. Overall, our analyses indicated the presence of two distinct lineages of S. stercoralis (referred to as type A and type B). While type A parasites were isolated both from humans and dogs in different countries, type B parasites were found exclusively in dogs, indicating that the type B has not adapted to infect humans. These epidemiological data, together with the close phylogenetic relationship of S. stercoralis with S. procyonis, a Strongyloides parasite of raccoons, possibly indicates that S. stercoralis originally evolved as a canid parasite, and later spread into humans. The inability to infect humans might be an ancestral character of this species and the type B might be surmised to be an origin population from which human-infecting strains are derived.
Long-range Stripe Nanodomains in Epitaxial (110) BiFeO3 Thin Films on (100) NdGaO3 Substrate
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Agarwal Radhe , Phatak Charudatta , Kim Bumsoo , Jeon Seokwoo , Katiyar Ram S. , Hong Seungbum 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHere, we report the observation of ferroelectric and ferroelastic nanodomains in (110)-oriented BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films epitaxially grown on low symmetric (100) NdGaO3 (NGO) substrate. We observed long range ordering of ferroelectric 109° stripe nanodomains separated by periodic vertical domain walls in as-grown 130 nm thick BFO films. The effect of La0.67Sr0.33CoO3 (LSCO) conducting interlayer on domain configurations in BFO/NGO film was also observed with relatively short range-ordering of stripe domains due to the modified electrostatic boundary conditions in BFO/LSCO/NGO film. Additional studies on B-site doping of Nb ions in BFO films showed change in the domain structures due to doping induced change in lattice anisotropy while maintaining the stripe domain morphology with 109° domain wall. This long-range array of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domains can be useful for optoelectronic devices and ferroelastic templates for strain coupled artificial magnetoelectric heterostructures.
On the improved electrochemistry of hybrid conducting-redox polymer electrodes
Authors: Sieuw Louis , Ernould Bruno , Gohy Jean-François , Vlad Alexandru 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe electrochemistry of poly(2,5-dihydroxyaniline) (PDHA), a novel hybrid molecular configuration with redox active sites and electrical charge conduction along the polymer chain, has been recently reported. The theoretical capacity of this material is estimated at 443 mAh g−1, with high power performances being proposed given the intrinsic electrical conductivity. However, the initial results were below the expectations: only half the theoretical capacity attained, poor cycling stability and modest power behavior calling for further investigations on improving these performances. Herein we detail the optimized chemical synthesis and electrode formulation for poly(2,5-dihydroxyaniline) resulting in improved cycling stability, power performances and defined electrochemical response. We also detail the alternative electrochemical synthesis and activation route for PDHA and compare the results with the chemical approach.
Alpha 2 Na+,K+-ATPase silencing induces loss of inflammatory response and ouabain protection in glial cells
Authors: Kinoshita Paula F. , Yshii Lidia M. , Orellana Ana Maria M. , Paixão Amanda G. , Vasconcelos Andrea R. , Lima Larissa de Sá , Kawamoto Elisa M. , Scavone Cristoforo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOuabain (OUA) is a cardiac glycoside that binds to Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA), a conserved membrane protein that controls cell transmembrane ionic concentrations and requires ATP hydrolysis. At nM concentrations, OUA activates signaling pathways that are not related to its typical inhibitory effect on the NKA pump. Activation of these signaling pathways protects against some types of injury of the kidneys and central nervous system. There are 4 isoforms of the alpha subunit of NKA, which are differentially distributed across tissues and may have different physiological roles. Glial cells are important regulators of injury and inflammation in the brain and express the α1 and α2 NKA isoforms. This study investigated the role of α2 NKA in OUA modulation of the neuroinflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse primary glial cell cultures. LPS treatment increased lactate dehydrogenase release, while OUA did not decrease cell viability and blocked LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Silencing α2 NKA prevented ERK and NF-κB activation by LPS. α2 NKA also regulates TNF-α and IL-1β levels. The data reported here indicate a significant role of α2 NKA in regulating central LPS effects, with implications in the associated neuroinflammatory processes.