bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Het ontslagrecht als onderwerp van de verkiezingsprogramma’s: terugblik en overzicht
Authors: Visser Ea 
Published: January 2017

Het ontslagrecht als onderwerp van de verkiezingsprogramma’s: Terugblik en overzicht
Met de verkiezingen van maart 2017 in aantocht zijn de verkiezingsprogramma’s bekend gemaakt. Een grote visie op de arbeidsmarkt blijkt te ontbreken. Opvallend is dat diverse partijen de mogelijkheden voor tijdelijke arbeid willen uitbreiden. Op de vraag waarom zo veel gebruik wordt gemaakt van tijdelijke arbeid, wordt niet ingegaan. De politieke partijen bouwen met de programma’s voornamelijk verder op het bestaande systeem.Het CPB heeft onlangs gewezen op de groei van de flexibele arbeid en bijbehorende gevaren . Uitdrukkelijk is aangekaart dat de keuze aan de politiek is. De politiek is (echter niet met een verstrekkende visie gekomen over de arbeidsmarkt en dat is een gemis.
The Celiac Patient Antibody Response to Conventional and Gluten-Removed Beer
Authors: Allred Laura K , Lesko Katherine , McKiernan Diane , Kupper Cynthia , Guandalini Stefano 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Enzymatic digestion, or hydrolysis, has been proposed for treating gluten-containing foods and beverages tomake them safe for persons with celiac disease (CD). There are no validated testing methods that allow the quantitation of all the hydrolyzed or fermented gluten peptides in foods and beverages that might be harmful to CD patients, making it difficult to assess the safety of hydrolyzed products. This study examines an ELISA-based method to determine whether serum antibody binding of residual peptides in a fermented barley-based productis greater among active-CD patients than a normal control group, using commercial beers as a test case. Sera from 31 active-CD patients and 29 nonceliac control subjects were used to assess the binding of proteins from barley, rice, traditional beer, gluten-free beer, and enzymatically treated (gluten-removed) traditional beer. In the ELISA, none of the subjects' sera bound to proteins in the gluten-free beer. Eleven active-CD patient serum samples demonstrated immunoglobulin A (IgA) or immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to a barley extract, compared to only one nonceliac control subject. Of the seven active-CD patients who had an IgA binding response to barley, four also responded to traditional beer, and two of these responded to the gluten-removed beer. None ofthe nonceliac control subjects' sera bound to all three beer samples. Binding of protein fragments in hydrolyzed or fermented foods and beverages by serum from active-CD patients, but not nonceliac control subjects, may indicate the presence of residual peptides that are celiac-specific.
Chemometrics-Assisted Fast-Elution HPLC–DAD for the Quantification of Selected UV Filters and Parabens in Suncare Formulations
Authors: Vosough Maryam , Shekari Nafiseh , Salemi Amir , Heidar Koorosh Tabar 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In the present study, a fast LC method coupled with multivariate curve resolution (MCR) alternating least-squares (ALS) and alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) was developed for the determination of the resolution of and quantitation of benzophenone-3, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, octocrylene, ethylhexyl dimethyl para-aminobenzoic acid, butyl methoxydibenzoilmethane, and methyl and propyl parabens in suncare products. Chromatographic separation was optimized using full factorial and Box–Behnken designs. MCR-ALS and ATLD performance in quantitating the analytes in synthetic mixtures (which were randomly prepared in ultra-pure water) andblank sunscreen products was studied, and satisfying results were obtained. Acceptable qualification and quantification results were also achieved in the presence of matrix interferences via a short chromatographic runtime (5 min), and the second-order advantage was fully exploited, with MCR-ALS clearly emerging as the superior model. Average recoveries ranged from 98.0 to 112.5%, and RSD values were lower than 6.5%. LODs between 0.066 and 0.243 μg/g were achieved. In addition to acceptable precision and accuracy, the merits of the proposed method are that the analysis is fast and there is minimal solvent consumption. Moreover, coelution of analytes and interference from components in the sample matrixes were overcome with multivariate analysis.
RAPD- and ERIC-Based Typing of Clinical and Environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Authors: Auda Ibtesam Ghadban , Al-Kadmy Israa M S , Kareem Sawsan Mohammed , Lafta Aliaa Khyuon , A'Affus Mustafa Hussein Obeid , Khit Ibrahim Abd Aloahd , Al Kheraif Abdulaziz Abdullah , Divakar Darshan Devang , Ramakrishnaiah Ravikumar 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial infection in children and adults, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality due to its ability to acquire drug resistance. The ability of P. aeruginosa in the environment to cause infection in individuals has been reported previously; henceforth, surveillance of the emergence and transmission of P. aeruginosa strains among patients is important for infection control in a clinical setup. Various gene-typing methods have been used for epidemiological typing of P. aeruginosa isolates for the purpose of surveillance. In this work, the suitability and comparability of two typing methods, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC)-PCR and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR fingerprinting, were studied to characterizeP. aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources. Forty-four clinical and environmental bacterial isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected between October 2015 and January 2016. DNA extraction, ERIC-PCR and RAPD-PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, and phylogenetic analyses were carried using the unweighted pair-group method with mean. RAPD typing revealed less clonality among clinicalisolates, whereas the ERIC method showed greater similarity in comparison with RAPD. Environmental isolates, however, showed greater similarity using RAPD compared with ERIC typing. With only a few exceptions, most clinical isolates were distinct from environmental isolates, irrespective of the typing method. In conclusion, boththe RAPD and ERIC typing methods proved to be good tools in understanding clonal diversity. The results also suggest that there is no relationship between clinical and environmental isolates. The absence of clonality among the clinical isolates may indicate that most P. aeruginosa infection cases could be endemic and not epidemic and that endemic infections may be due to nonclonal strains of P. aeruginosa.
Rapid Measurement of Food Adulteration with Minimal Sample Preparation and No Chromatography Using Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Dalmia Avinash 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A rapid method, with minimal sample preparation and no chromatography, was developed for analyzing food samples such as olive oil and pomegranate juice to measure adulteration with cheaper ingredients using the novel Direct Sample Analysis™ (DSA) ion source in conjunction with a time-of-flight (TOF)-MS. In less than 30s, with minimal sample preparation and method development, adulteration of olive oil and pomegranate juice with cheaper seed oils and fruit juices, respectively, was measured with DSA/TOF-MS.
Model simulations of ion and electron density profiles in ionospheric E and F regions
Authors: Lin Y. C. , Chu Y. H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe develop a time‐dependent theoretical numerical model to simulate the density profiles of the ions (i.e., O+(2P), O+(2D), N2+, O+(4S), N+, O2+, and NO+) and free electrons in E and F regions. In this model, the ion photoionization production rates, the photoelectron ionization production effect, and the chemical reactions between the ionized species and the neutral compositions are considered, and the plasma transport processes are not included. The simulation results show that the mean electron density ratios of the model simulations to the AE‐C satellite measurements for the Solar Dynamics Observatory‐Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (SDO‐EVE), EUV flux model for Aeronomic Calculations, and Hinteregger‐Fukui‐Gilson solar irradiance models are, respectively, 0.97, 0.79, and 0.71 in a height range 140–400 km and 0.79, 0.75, and 0.64 in a height range 90–150 km. A comparison shows that the electron densities simulated by the model developed in this study are much more consistent with the in situ measurements made by the AE‐C satellite than those predicted by the International Reference Ionosphere model and simulated by the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. The model simulations with SDO‐EVE solar irradiance input indicate that the photoelectron impact production process contributes about 20%–30% of the total atomic ion densities throughout the height range 130–400 km around noon. However, the photoelectron production effect on the molecular ion densities is very minor (less than about 7%) above 275 km. Below 250 km, its effect increases with the decrease of height for O2+ and N2+, from about 4% and 10% at 250 km to 13% and 27% at 150 km, respectively.
Variability of equatorial counter electrojet signatures in the Indian region
Authors: Chandrasekhar N. Phani , Archana R. K. , Nagarajan Nandini , Arora Kusumita 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe limited longitudinal extent of equatorial counter electrojet (CEJ) has been inferred by several workers based on the analysis of ground data. However, the scale length of CEJ characteristics at 2 h or less has not been estimated so far. The present study seeks to characterize the longitudinal variability of CEJ phenomena at a longitudinal separation of ~15° by using hourly averaged variations at two equatorial electrojet (EEJ) pairs of stations: Hyderabad and Vencode at 77°E and Port Blair and Campbell Bay at 93°E. The nature of CEJ events is classified by time of occurrence and studied by using 12 months of concurrent data at the two longitudes. From examination of 323 CEJ events at VEN (Vencode) and 239 at CBY (Campbell Bay) over a period of 346 days, the observations are as follows: (i) the occurrence of CEJ is not simultaneous at VEN and CBY for about 40% of events; (ii) the amplitude and occurrence frequency of CEJ events is greater at VEN than at CBY during both Kp < 2 and Kp ≥ 2; and (iii) the influence of westward currents on the EEJ peak was evidenced by early or late peak occurrences comprising about 175 days at VEN and 89 days at CBY. It is established here that considerable variability of CEJ signatures is observed between the two longitudes at 15° separation, revealing the impact of local electrodynamics. These local processes therefore significantly influence the characteristics of EEJ.
Numerical study of the propagation characteristics of coronal mass ejections in a structured ambient solar wind
Authors: Zhou Yufen , Feng Xueshang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUsing a three‐dimensional (3‐D) magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model, we analyze and study the propagation characteristics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) launched at different positions in a realistic structured ambient solar wind. Here the ambient solar wind structure during the Carrington rotation 2095 is selected, which is the characteristics of activity rising phase. CMEs with a simple spherical plasmoid structure are initiated at different solar latitudes with respect to the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) and the Earth in the same ambient solar wind. Then, we numerically obtained the evolution process of the CMEs from the Sun to the interplanetary space. When the Earth and the CME launch position are located on the same side of the HCS, the arrival time of the shock at the Earth is faster than that when the Earth and the CME launch position are located on the opposite side of the HCS. The disturbance amplitudes for the same side event are also larger than those for the opposite side event. This may be due to the fact that the HCS between the CME and the Earth for the opposite side event hinders its propagation and weaken it. The CMEs tend to deflect toward the HCS in the latitudinal direction near the corona and then propagate almost parallel to the HCS in the interplanetary space. This deflecting tendency may be caused by the dynamic action of near‐Sun magnetic pressure gradient force on the ejected coronal plasma.
Variations of the Martian plasma environment during the ICME passage on 8 March 2015: A time‐dependent MHD study
Authors: Ma Y. J. , Russell C. T. , Fang X. , Dong C. F. , Nagy A. F. , Toth G. , Halekas J. S. , Connerney J. E. P. , Espley J. R. , Mahaffy P. R. , Benna M. , McFadden J. , Mitchell D. L. , Andersson L. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft observed a strong interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) impacting Mars on 8 March 2015. We use a time‐dependent global MHD model to investigate the response of the Martian ionosphere and induced magnetosphere to the large solar wind disturbance associated with the ICME. Taking observed upstream solar wind conditions from MAVEN as inputs to the MHD model, the variations of the Martian plasma environments are simulated realistically in a time period from 2.5 h prior to the arrival of the ICME shock to about 12 h after the impact. Detailed comparisons between the model results and the relevant MAVEN plasma measurements are presented, which clearly show that the time‐dependent multispecies single‐fluid MHD model is able to reproduce the main features observed by the spacecraft during the ICME passage. Model results suggest that the induced magnetosphere responds to solar wind variation on a very short time scale (approximately minutes). The variations of the plasma boundaries' distances from the planet along the subsolar line are examined in detail, which show a clear anticorrelation with the magnetosonic Mach number. Plasma properties in the ionosphere (especially the induced magnetic field) varied rapidly with solar wind changes. Model results also show that ion escape rates could be enhanced by an order of magnitude in response to the high solar wind dynamic pressure during the ICME event.
Climatology of plasmaspheric total electron content obtained from Jason 1 satellite
Authors: Shim Ja Soon , Jee Geonhwa , Scherliess Ludger 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe used more than 40 million total electron content (TEC) measurements obtained from the GPS TurboRogue Space Receiver receiver on board the Jason 1 satellite in order to investigate the global morphology of the plasmaspheric TEC (pTEC) including the variations with local time, latitude, longitude, season, solar cycle, and geomagnetic activity. The pTEC corresponds to the total electron content between Jason 1 (1336 km) and GPS (20,200 km) satellite altitudes. The pTEC data were collected during the 7 year period from January 2002 to December 2008. It was found that pTEC increases by about 10–30% from low to high solar flux conditions with the largest variations occurring at low latitudes for equinox. During low solar flux condition, pTEC is largely independent of geomagnetic activity. However, it slightly decreases with increasing geomagnetic activity at low latitudes during high solar flux. The seasonal variations such as the annual and semiannual anomalies in the ionosphere also exist in the low‐latitude plasmasphere. In particular, the American sector (around 300°E) shows strong annual asymmetry in the plasmaspheric density, being larger in December than in June solstice.
Computerized ionospheric tomography based on geosynchronous SAR
Authors: Hu Cheng , Tian Ye , Dong Xichao , Wang Rui , Long Teng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractComputerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) based on spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an emerging technique to construct the three‐dimensional (3‐D) image of ionosphere. The current studies are all based on the Low Earth Orbit synthetic aperture radar (LEO SAR) which is limited by long repeat period and small coverage. In this paper, a novel ionospheric 3‐D CIT technique based on geosynchronous SAR (GEO SAR) is put forward. First, several influences of complex atmospheric environment on GEO SAR focusing are detailedly analyzed, including background ionosphere and multiple scattering effects (induced by turbulent ionosphere), tropospheric effects, and random noises. Then the corresponding GEO SAR signal model is constructed with consideration of the temporal‐variant background ionosphere within the GEO SAR long integration time (typically 100 s to 1000 s level). Concurrently, an accurate total electron content (TEC) retrieval method based on GEO SAR data is put forward through subband division in range and subaperture division in azimuth, obtaining variant TEC value with respect to the azimuth time. The processing steps of GEO SAR CIT are given and discussed. Owing to the short repeat period and large coverage area, GEO SAR CIT has potentials of covering the specific space continuously and completely and resultantly has excellent real‐time performance. Finally, the TEC retrieval and GEO SAR CIT construction are performed by employing a numerical study based on the meteorological data. The feasibility and correctness of the proposed methods are verified.
RISR‐N observations of the IMF By influence on reverse convection during extreme northward IMF
Authors: Maimaiti M. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Baker J. B. H. , Clauer C. R. , Nicolls Michael J. , Hairston Marc R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that the high‐latitude ionospheric convection is strongly influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction. However, the temporal details of how the convection transitions from one state to another are still not understood completely. In this study, we analyze an interval on 12 September 2014 which provided a rare opportunity to examine dynamic variations in the dayside convection throat as the IMF transitioned from strong By+ to strong Bz+. Between 18:00 and 20:00 UT the northward face of the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar (RISR‐N) rotated through the noon sector and directly measured strengthening reverse convection flows in the dayside throat region that peaked at ∼2800 m/s. Near‐simultaneous measurements from DMSP satellites confirm the magnitude of the reverse convection and its proximity to the cusp. Time series comparison of the RISR‐N north‐south flows with the IMF Bz component shows a remarkably high correlation, suggestive of strong linear coupling, with no sign of velocity saturation. Likewise, the east‐west flow variations were highly correlated with the changes in IMF By. However, time‐lagged correlation analysis reveals that the IMF By influence acted on a time scale 10 min shorter than that of the Bz component. As a consequence, the manner in which the convection transitioned from the strong By+ condition to the strong Bz+ condition is inconsistent with either the antiparallel or component reconnection models. Instead, we suggest that these particular observations are consistent with two separate reconnection sites on the magnetopause driven independently by the IMF By and Bz components.
An agricultural biomass burning episode in eastern China: Transport, optical properties, and impacts on regional air quality
Authors: Wu Yonghua , Han Yong , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Wang Tijian , Li Mengmeng , Wang Yuan , Xie Min , Zhuang Bingling , Li Shu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAgricultural biomass burning (ABB) has been of particular concern due to its influence on air quality and atmospheric radiation, as it produces large amounts of gaseous and aerosol emissions. This paper presents an integrated observation of a significant ABB episode in Nanjing, China, during early June 2011, using combined ground‐based and satellite sensors (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), and Ozone Monitoring Instrument products). The time‐height distribution, optical properties, sources and transport of smoke, and its impacts on air quality are investigated. Lidar profiles indicate that the smoke aerosols are confined to the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and have a depolarization ratio of less than 0.08. The aerosol optical depths increase from 0.5 to 3.0 at 500 nm, while the extinction‐related Angstrom exponent increases from 1.1 to 1.6 at the wavelength pair of 440–870 nm. The single‐scattering albedo becomes lower at 670–1020 nm following the ABB intrusion and particularly shows a decreasing tendency between wavelengths of 440 to 1020 nm. The absorption Angstrom exponent (0.7) is smaller than 1.0, which may indicate the aged smoke particles mixed or coated with the urban aerosols. Surface particular matter PM10 and PM2.5 show a dramatic increase, reaching hourly mean of 800 µg/m3 and 485 µg/m3, respectively, which results in a heavy air pollution event. The stagnant and high‐moisture weather provides favorable conditions for the aerosols to accumulate near the surface. Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) also illustrate that the large‐scale aerosols are primarily present in the PBL and transported to the ocean, but some dense smoke plumes are misclassified as cloud or polluted dust. By comparing with the observations, we found that the Weather Research and Forecasting–Chemistry model captured the accumulation and downwind transport of surface PM2.5 from 20:00 on 2 June to 10:00 on 3 June (phase 1) but showed a dramatic underestimate from 20:00 on 3–4 June (phase 2) when dense aerosols are present. Such a discrepancy in the model is associated with the improper vertical apportion of transported smoke and atmospheric diffusion conditions when comparing with the observed aerosol and wind profiles. In addition, the model simulations indicate that the transported smoke can contribute to 50–70% of the ground‐level PM2.5 in Nanjing.
The global aerosol‐cloud first indirect effect estimated using MODIS, MERRA, and AeroCom
Authors: McCoy D. T. , Bender F. A.‐M. , Mohrmann J. K. C. , Hartmann D. L. , Wood R. , Grosvenor D. P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAerosol‐cloud interactions (ACI) represent a significant source of forcing uncertainty in global climate models (GCMs). Estimates of radiative forcing due to ACI in Fifth Assessment Report range from −0.5 to −2.5 W m−2. A portion of this uncertainty is related to the first indirect, or Twomey, effect whereby aerosols act as nuclei for cloud droplets to condense upon. At constant liquid water content this increases the number of cloud droplets (Nd) and thus increases the cloud albedo. In this study we use remote‐sensing estimates of Nd within stratocumulus regions in combination with state‐of‐the‐art aerosol reanalysis from Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2) to diagnose how aerosols affect Nd. As in previous studies, Nd is related to sulfate mass through a power law relationship. The slope of the log‐log relationship between Nd and SO4 in maritime stratocumulus is found to be 0.31, which is similar to the range of 0.2–0.8 from previous in situ studies and remote‐sensing studies in the pristine Southern Ocean. Using preindustrial emissions models, the change in Nd between preindustrial and present day is estimated. Nd is inferred to have more than tripled in some regions. Cloud properties from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are used to estimate the radiative forcing due to this change in Nd. The Twomey effect operating in isolation is estimated to create a radiative forcing of −0.97 ± 0.23 W m−2 relative to the preindustrial era.