bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of neural basis for chinese orthographic neighborhood size effect
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Qing‐Lin , Ding Guo‐Sheng , Bi Hong‐Yan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe brain activity of orthographic neighborhood size (N size) effect in Chinese character naming has been studied in adults, meanwhile behavioral studies have revealed a developmental trend of Chinese N‐size effect in developing readers. However, it is unclear whether and how the neural mechanism of N‐size effect changes in Chinese children along with development. Here we address this issue using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Forty‐four students from the 3rd, 5th, and 7th grades were scanned during silent naming of Chinese characters. After scanning, all participants took part in an overt naming test outside the scanner, and results of the naming task showed that the 3rd graders named characters from large neighborhoods faster than those from small neighborhoods, revealing a facilitatory N‐size effect; the 5th graders showed null N‐size effect while the 7th graders showed an inhibitory N‐size effect. Neuroimaging results revealed that only the 3rd graders exhibited a significant N‐size effect in the left middle occipital activity, with greater activation for large N‐size characters. Results of 5th and 7th graders showed significant N‐size effects in the left middle frontal gyrus, in which 5th graders induced greater activation in large N‐size condition than in small N‐size condition, while 7th graders exhibited an opposite effect which was similar to the adult pattern reported in a previous study. The current findings suggested the transition from broadly tuned to finely tuned orthographic representation with reading development, and the inhibition from neighbors' phonology for higher graders. Hum Brain Mapp 37:632–647, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictions interact with missing sensory evidence in semantic processing areas
Authors: Scharinger Mathias , Bendixen Alexandra , Herrmann Björn , Henry Molly J. , Mildner Toralf , Obleser Jonas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHuman brain function draws on predictive mechanisms that exploit higher‐level context during lower‐level perception. These mechanisms are particularly relevant for situations in which sensory information is compromised or incomplete, as for example in natural speech where speech segments may be omitted due to sluggish articulation. Here, we investigate which brain areas support the processing of incomplete words that were predictable from semantic context, compared with incomplete words that were unpredictable. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants heard sentences that orthogonally varied in predictability (semantically predictable vs. unpredictable) and completeness (complete vs. incomplete, i.e. missing their final consonant cluster). The effects of predictability and completeness interacted in heteromodal semantic processing areas, including left angular gyrus and left precuneus, where activity did not differ between complete and incomplete words when they were predictable. The same regions showed stronger activity for incomplete than for complete words when they were unpredictable. The interaction pattern suggests that for highly predictable words, the speech signal does not need to be complete for neural processing in semantic processing areas. Hum Brain Mapp 37:704–716, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Synthesis of New Organoselenium Heterocyclic Compounds: 2‐aryl‐4‐phenyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐selenochromenes
Authors: Yurievich Direnko Dmitriy , Borisovich Drevko Yaroslav , Ivanovich Drevko Boris 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe have explored the reactions of 2‐(3‐oxo‐1‐aryl‐3‐phenylpropyl)cyclohexanone (1–3) with hydrogen selenide in situ in conditions of acid catalysis, and synthesized new 2‐aryl‐4‐phenyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐selenochromenes (4–6).
Magnesium Deficiency and Proton‐Pump Inhibitor Use: A Clinical Review
Authors: William Jeffrey H. , Danziger John 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe association of proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) use and hypomagnesemia has garnered much attention over the last 5 years. A large body of observational data has linked chronic PPI use with hypomagnesemia, presumably due to decreased intestinal absorption and consequent magnesium deficiency. However, despite the increasing prevalence of this highly popular class of medicine, and despite potential significant risks associated with magnesium depletion, including cardiac arrhythmias and seizures, there are no well‐designed studies to delineate the nature of this observed association. Consequently, providers must use best judgment to inform clinical decision making. This review summarizes the current body of evidence linking PPI use with hypomagnesemia, acknowledges the possibility of significant residual confounding in the observational data, explains potential physiologic mechanisms, and offers clinical recommendations.
Aqueous Polymer Self‐Assembly Based on Cucurbit[n]uril‐Mediated Host‐Guest Interactions
Authors: Liu Ji , Tan Cindy Soo Yun , Lan Yang , Scherman Oren A. 
Published: November 2015

In recent years, cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) have attracted considerable attentions on account of their unique structure and host–guest binding properties. In this review, recent research progress in the Scherman group, on aqueous polymeric self‐assembly via CB[n]‐mediated host–guest interactions, is summarized. It covers the research achievements of CB[n]‐mediated host–guest complexation on the construction of/application in (1) supramolecular macromolecular engineering and corresponding self‐assemblies, (2) supramolecular polymerization, (3) single polymer chain nanoparticles, (4) supramolecular polymer microcapsules, (5) supramolecular polymer hydrogels, (6) colloidal clusters, and (7) surface engineering.
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“Click” Incorporation of Radical/Ionic Sites into a Reactive Block Copolymer: A Facile and On‐Demand Domain Functionalization Approach toward Organic Resistive Memory
Authors: Suga Takeo , Aoki Kohei , Yashiro Toshiaki , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2015

Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization yields reactive block copolymers bearing the pentafluorophenyl ester (PFPA) group, and subsequent Click amidation using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl‐ and imidazolium‐functionalized primary amines produces the corresponding functional block copolymers, leading to installation of statistical radical‐ and ionic sites into the PFPA segment. The monolayered thin film devices fabricated using the obtained block copolymers exhibit repeatable switching of electric conductivity (on/off ratio > 103) under a bias voltage, which reveals that the coexistence of radicals and ions in the same spherical domain of the copolymer layer is a prerequisite for repeatable switching memory.
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Weather impacts on electric power load: partial phase synchronization analysis
Authors: Hong Jinkyu , Kim Won Sup 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTElectricity demand is influenced by atmospheric conditions, and, therefore it is important to quantify their relationships suitably for accurate electricity demand forecasting and the implementation of power‐saving policies. However, interdependencies and characteristics of covariance among meteorological variables within the same periodicities hinder the quantification of their direct and indirect impacts on electric power load. To investigate the strength of the direct correlation between atmospheric conditions and electric power load, this study harnessed a new partialization analysis method based on a partial phase synchronization index combined with wavelet transformation. The advantage of the proposed method is that it can be used to evaluate the degree of independent contribution of the variables over different spatiotemporal scales. Compared with traditional statistical analyses, this new partialization analysis shows that air temperature is the principal variable associated directly with electricity demand, but that the strength of the relationship varies with season and time scale. Relative humidity and wind speed have strong direct correlations with electricity in summer and winter, respectively. Insolation is directly coupled to the electric power load only on sub‐diurnal time scales. This investigation indicates that for accurate forecasting of electricity demand, changes in the coupling strengths of different atmospheric variables should be incorporated into the electric power load forecasting process. The study shows that a partial phase synchronization index, combined with wavelet transformation, is a useful tool that could be used in other studies to assess complex interacting atmospheric oscillations that cannot be assessed properly by traditional approaches.
Stachyose increases absorption and hepatoprotective effect of tea polyphenols in high fructose‐fed mice
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Huang Di , Gao Anning , Yang Xingbin 
Published: November 2015

ScopeThe consumption of tea polyphenols (TP) and stachyose contributes to preventive effects on hepatic injury. This study examined the effects of stachyose on absorption and hepatoprotective effects of TP in mice.Methods and resultsGC‐MS measurement showed that stachyose significantly increased serum total phenolic, ECG and EGCG contents in mice. The mice fed with high fructose (HF)‐diet for 56 days exhibited oxidative stress observed by an increase in hepatic MDA levels and decreases in GSH‐Px and SOD activities. Serum TC, TG, LDL‐C and CRP levels, and ALT and AST activities were increased, while HDL‐C concentrations were decreased following HF diet. Co‐supplementation of stachyose and TP more effectively improved all parameters mentioned above when compared to administration of stachyose or TP alone. Histological observations of hepatic tissues also confirmed the beneficial effects of co‐administration of stachyose and TP.ConclusionOur results suggest that stachyose enhances absorption and hepatoprotective effects of TP, and combined ingestion of stachyose and TP is a novel strategy for alleviating HF diet‐induced hepatic injury.
Association of social support, functional status, and psychological variables with changes in health‐related quality of life outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Gonzalez‐Saenz de Tejada M. , Bilbao A. , Baré M. , Briones E. , Sarasqueta C. , Quintana J.M. , Escobar A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the association of social support received, and functional and psychological status of colorectal cancer patients before surgery with changes in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes measured by EORTC QLQ‐C30 at 1‐year post‐intervention.MethodsConsecutive patients that were because of undergo therapeutic surgery for the first time for colon or rectum cancer in nine hospitals in Spain were eligible for the study. Patients completed questionnaires before surgery and 12 months afterwards: one HRQoL instrument, the EORTC QLQ‐C30; a social network and social support questionnaire, the Duke‐UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, to assess anxiety and depression; and the Barthel Index, to assess functional status; as well as questions about sociodemographic information. General linear models were built to explore the association of social support, functional status, and psychological variables with changes in HRQoL 12 months after intervention.ResultsA total of 972 patients with colorectal cancer took part in the study. Patients' functional status, social support, and anxiety and depression were associated with changes in at least one HRQoL domain. The higher functional status, and the higher social support, the more they improved in HRQoL domains. Regarding anxiety and depression, the more anxiety and depression patients have at baseline, less they improve in HRQoL domains.ConclusionsPatients with colorectal cancer who have more social support and no psychological distress may have better results in HRQoL domains at 1 year after surgery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial experience with a new biodegradable airway stent in children: Is this the stent we were waiting for?
Authors: Antón‐Pacheco Juan L. , Luna Carmen , García Enrique , López María , Morante Rocío , Tordable Cristina , Palacios Alba , de Miguel Mónica , Benavent Isabel , Gómez Andrés 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo report our experience with a new type of biodegradable airway stent in the setting of severe tracheobronchial obstruction in children.Design and MethodologyWe conducted a retrospective and prospective (since June 2014) study of pediatric patients with severe airway obstruction treated with biodegradable stents in our institution between 2012 and 2015. The following data were collected: demographics, indication for stenting, bronchoscopic findings, insertion technique complications, clinical outcome, stent related complications, re‐stenting, and time of follow‐up.ResultsThirteen custom‐made polydioxanone stents were placed in four infants (mean age, 4 months) with severe tracheobronchial obstruction: tracheomalacia (two patients), bronchomalacia (1), and diffuse tracheal stenosis (1). All the stents were bronchoscopically inserted uneventfully. Immediate and maintained clinical improvement was observed in every case. No major stent related complications have occurred and only mild or moderate granulation tissue was observed during surveillance bronchoscopy. Two patients required repeated stenting as expected. All the patients are alive and in a good respiratory condition with a follow‐up ranging from 5 to 40 months.ConclusionsBiodegradable airway stents seem to be safe, effective, and cause fewer complications than other types of stents. They can be an alternative to the classic metallic or plastic stents for severe tracheal stenosis or malacia in small children. More experience is needed in order to establish the definite clinical criteria for their use in pediatric patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:607–612. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adherence pattern to study drugs in clinical trials by patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Pugatsch Thea , Shoseyov David , Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena , Hayut Batya , Armoni Shoshana , Griese Matthias , Kerem Eitan 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundClinical trials are all based on the assumption that patients are adherent to the study protocol. Many reports indicate that general adherence of patients with CF to their daily routine therapies is poor. However, no data exists on adherence to study drug regimens.MethodsAll clinical trials carried out at the Hadassah CF Center from 2008 to 2013 were reviewed. Actual adherence as determined by counted drugs was analyzed according to drug administration mode, study lengths and number of study visits. A subset of patients answered a two‐part questionnaire covering study specific and general treatment specific issues.ResultsEight studies including 118 patients, with patient numbers varying between 4 and 32 per trial were analyzed. For 7/8 studies mean adherence was between 78% to 100%. Comparison with administration mode showed that adherence decreased substantially if the drugs were not provided as “ready to be used” (63%). Study length influenced adherence, the longer the study the poorer the adherence (82% trial beginning, 44% post 36 months [two combined studies with identical drug]). A substantial decrease was noted over Holiday periods and during the summer vacation months. No correlation was found between number of study visits and adherence to study drug.ConclusionAdherence to study drug is generally higher than that for regular treatment. Study length, mode of administration, and timing according to Holidays and vacations adversely affect adherence. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:143–146. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High susceptibility and low resistance allele frequency of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) field populations to Cry1Ac in Brazil
Authors: Yano Silvia AC , Specht Alexandre , Moscardi Flávio , Carvalho Renato A , Dourado Patrick M , Martinelli Samuel , Head Graham P , Sosa‐Gómez Daniel R 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe soybean looper (SBL), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), is one of the most important soybean pests in Brazil. MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean expressing Cry1Ac has been recently deployed in Brazil, providing high levels of control against the primary lepidopteran pests. To support insect resistance management (IRM) programmes, the baseline susceptibility of SBL to Cry1Ac was assessed, and the resistance allele frequency was estimated on the basis of an F2 screen.RESULTSThe toxicity (LC50) of Cry1Ac ranged from 0.39 to 2.01 µg mL−1 diet among all SBL field populations collected from crop seasons 2008/09 to 2012/13, which indicated approximately fivefold variation. Cry1Ac diagnostic concentrations of 5.6 and 18 µg mL−1 diet were established for monitoring purposes, and no shift in mortality was observed. A total of 626 F2 family lines derived from SBL collected from locations across Brazil during crop season 2014/15 were screened for the presence of Cry1Ac resistance alleles. None of the 626 families survived on MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean leaf tissue (joint frequency 0.0004).CONCLUSIONSSBL showed high susceptibility and low resistance allele frequency to Cry1Ac across the main soybean‐producing regions in Brazil. These findings meet important criteria for effective IRM strategy. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Maternal serum placental growth factor at 12, 22, 32 and 36 weeks' gestation in screening for pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Tsiakkas A. , Cazacu R. , Wright A. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the distribution of maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) at 12, 22, 32 and 36 weeks' gestation in singleton pregnancies which develop pre‐eclampsia (PE) and examine the performance of this biomarker in screening for PE.MethodsSerum PlGF was measured in 40 212 cases at 11–13 weeks, in 10 282 cases at 19–24 weeks, in 10 400 at 30–34 weeks and 4043 at 35–37 weeks. Bayes' theorem was used to combine the a‐priori risk from maternal characteristics and medical history with serum PlGF. The performance of screening for PE requiring delivery < 32, at 32 + 0 to 36 + 6 and ≥ 37 weeks' gestation was estimated.ResultsIn pregnancies that developed PE, serum PlGF was decreased and the separation in multiples of the median (MoM) values from normal was greater with earlier, compared to later, gestational age at which delivery for PE became necessary. Additionally, the slope of the regression lines of PlGF MoM with gestational age at delivery in pregnancies that developed PE increased with advancing gestational age at screening. The detection rates (DRs), at a false‐positive rate (FPR) of 10%, for PE delivering < 32 weeks were 79% and 97% with screening at 12 and 22 weeks, respectively. The DRs for PE delivering at 32 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks were 57%, 65% and 90% with screening at 12, 22 and 32 weeks. The DRs for PE delivering ≥ 37 weeks were 40%, 37%, 54% and 64% with screening at 12, 22, 32 and 36 weeks, respectively.ConclusionsThe performance of combined screening with maternal factors, medical history and PlGF is superior in screening for early, compared to late, PE and improves with advancing gestational age at screening. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Maternal serum soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 at 12, 22, 32 and 36 weeks' gestation in screening for pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Tsiakkas A. , Mendez O. , Wright A. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the distribution of maternal serum soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) at 12, 22, 32 and 36 weeks' gestation in singleton pregnancies that develop pre‐eclampsia (PE) and examine the performance of this biomarker in screening for PE.MethodsSerum sFlt‐1 was measured in 7066 cases at 11–13 weeks, 8079 cases at 19–24 weeks, 8472 at 30–34 weeks and 4043 at 35–37 weeks. Bayes' theorem was used to combine the a‐priori risk from maternal characteristics and medical history with serum levels of sFlt‐1. The performance of screening for PE in women requiring delivery < 32, between 32 + 0 and 36 + 6 and ≥ 37 weeks' gestation was estimated.ResultsIn pregnancies that developed PE, serum sFlt‐1 was increased and the separation in multiples of the median (MoM) values from normal was greater with earlier, compared to later, gestational age at which delivery for PE became necessary. In pregnancies that developed PE, the slope of the regression lines of sFlt‐1 MoM with gestational age at delivery increased with advancing gestational age at screening. Measurement of sFlt‐1 at 11–13 weeks did not improve the prediction of PE achieved by maternal factors alone, sFlt‐1 at 19–24 weeks improved the prediction of PE delivering < 37 weeks but not for PE delivering ≥ 37 weeks, sFlt‐1 at 30–34 weeks improved the prediction of PE delivering < 37 and PE delivering ≥ 37 weeks and sFlt‐1 at 35–37 weeks improved the prediction of PE delivering ≥ 37 weeks. The detection rates (DRs), at a false‐positive rate (FPR) of 10%, of PE delivering < 32 weeks were 52% and 65% with screening at 12 and 22 weeks, respectively. The DRs for PE delivering between 32 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks were 44%, 44% and 93% with screening at 12, 22 and 32 weeks. The DR for PE delivering ≥ 37 weeks were 37%, 37%, 52% and 69% with screening at 12, 22, 32 and 36 weeks, respectively.ConclusionsThe performance of combined screening with maternal factors, medical history and serum sFlt‐1 is superior for detection of early, compared to late, PE and improves with advancing gestational age at screening. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Determining the Learning Curve of Transcutaneous Laryngeal Ultrasound in Vocal Cord Assessment by CUSUM Analysis of Eight Surgical Residents: When to Abandon Laryngoscopy
Authors: Wong Kai‐Pun , Lang Brian Hung‐Hin , Lam Shi , AU Kin‐Pan , Chan Diane Toi‐yin , Kotewall Nicholas Clarence 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTranscutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography (TLUSG) is a promising alternative to laryngoscopy in vocal cords (VCs) assessment which might be challenging in the beginning. However, it remains unclear when an assessor can provide proficient TLUSG enough to abandon direct laryngoscopy. Eight surgical residents (SRs) without prior USG experience were recruited to determine the learning curve. After a standardized training program, SRs would perform 80 consecutive peri‐operative VCs assessment using TLUSG. Performances of SRs were quantitatively evaluated by a composite performance score (lower score representing better performance) which comprised total examination time (in seconds), VCs visualization, and assessment accuracy. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart was then used to evaluate learning curve. Diagnostic accuracy and demographic data between every twentieth TLUSG were compared. 640 TLUSG examinations had been performed by 8 residents. 95.1 % of VCs could be assessed by SRs. The CUSUM curve showed a rising pattern (learning phase) until 7th TLUSG and then flattened. The curve declined continuously after 42nd TLUSG (after reaching a plateau). Rates of assessable VCs were comparable in every twentieth cases performed. It took a longer time to complete TLUSG in 1st–20th than 21st–40th examinations. (45 vs. 32s, p = 0.001). Although statistically not significant, proportion of false‐negative results was higher in 21st–40th (2.5 %) than 1st–20th (0.6 %), 41st–60th (0.7 %), and 61st–80th (0.7 %) TLUSG performed. After a short formal training, surgeons could master skill in TLUSG after seven examination and assess vocal cord function consistently and accurately after 40 TLUSG.