bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescribed Punishment (hadd) in Islamic Jurisprudence and the Islamic Penal Code
Authors: Khodadadi Bahman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 is devoted to the exploration of prescribed punishments (hudud) in Shiite Islamic jurisprudence and the Islamic Penal Code, which are primarily considered non-negotiable (irreversible) and severe corporal penalties. As hudud punishments play a weighty role in the criminal system of Iran, the discussion in this chapter proceeds with the examination of the theoretical bases for hudud punishments in the context of jurisprudence with reference to the penal nature of the given sanctions in Islamic jurisprudence and the existing obstacles to the execution of hudud. To address the obstacles, the chapter lays out criticisms of the implementation of the punishments in question that are made on account of debilitation and defamation of Islam and also explore the human rights challenges that the execution of such harsh penalties can bring about.
Retaliation in Kind (qisas) in Islamic Jurisprudence and the Islamic Penal Code
Authors: Khodadadi Bahman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 analyses retaliation in kind, or qisas, in Islamic jurisprudence and the Islamic Penal Code. To this end, the theoretical bases of qisas punishment in the context of Shiite Islamic jurisprudence are discussed with respect to fundamental issues such as the philosophy and nature of qisas in the Quran and tradition, and the concept of life and its duality in nature. This chapter proceeds with a critical analysis of how qisas law categorically violates Non-Muslims’ and women’s rights to equal treatment and how the Islamic Penal Code empowers the public to administer justice at their discretion, namely the decriminalization of honour killing and homicide of so-called wasted-blood people. This chapter closes with principled criticisms of the authorization of ordinary people to enjoy the right to engage in honour killing and homicide of the wasted-blood people (extrajudicial killings) from the perspectives of fundamental principles of criminal justice and international human rights instruments.
Regulation of maize root growth by local phosphorus availability, sucrose metabolism, and partitioning
Authors: Sun Yan , Zhang Jinting , Li Weiwei , Xu Zikai , Wang Siji , Zhao Manli , Shen Jianbo , Cheng Lingyun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Understanding how maize roots proliferate in phosphorus (P)-rich soil patches is critical for improving nutrient acquisition and crop productivity. This study explores the mechanisms of root adaptation to heterogeneous P availability, focusing on sucrose metabolism and the role of local P signals.

Methods
A split-root system with chambers of differing inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations (0 and 500 μm) was used to examine maize root responses. Various physiological and biochemical parameters, including root growth, sucrose partitioning, enzyme activities and gene expression, were measured to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Key Results
Root proliferation, particularly of second-order lateral roots, was markedly enhanced in P-rich patches. Sucrose was preferentially allocated to the Pi-supplied side, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy. Sucrose content in these roots decreased, indicating active metabolism. Higher activities of cell-wall invertase and sucrose synthase were observed in the Pi-supplied roots, supporting enhanced carbohydrate utilization.

Conclusions
Local P availability triggers significant adjustments in sucrose metabolism and allocation, enhancing the sink capacity of maize roots in P-rich patches. These changes facilitate efficient lateral root proliferation and Pi utilization, highlighting the critical role of local P signals in nutrient acquisition strategies. This research provides deeper insights into the adaptive responses of maize to heterogeneous P environments, offering potential strategies for improving crop nutrient efficiency.
Inferring complex evolutionary history of the closely related East Asian wild roses in Rosa sect. Synstylae (Rosaceae) based on genomic evidence from conserved orthologues
Authors: Jeon Ji-Hyeon , Maki Masayuki , Chiang Yu-Chung , Kim Seung-Chul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The section Synstylae in the genus Rosa (Rosaceae) comprises 25–36 species and includes several major progenitors of modern rose cultivars. East Asian Synstylae species have recently diverged and are closely related, but their phylogenetic relationships remain unclear. In the present study, we employed conserved orthologue set (COS) markers and genome-wide nuclear orthologues to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships and unravel their complex evolutionary history.

Methods
Utilizing eight Rosaceae COS (RosCOS) markers, we analysed a total of 137 accessions representing 15 East Asian Synstylae taxa to establish a robust phylogenetic framework and reconstruct ancestral areas. Furthermore, we constructed the species tree for eight representative species and estimated their divergence times based on 1683 genome-wide orthologues. The species tree–gene tree coalescence time comparison, Patterson’s D, f4-ratio and f-branch statistics were analysed to identify incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), genetic introgression and reticulation events using conserved orthologue data.

Key Results
RosCOS markers and genome-wide orthologues effectively resolved a robust phylogeny of East Asian Rosa sect. Synstylae. Species divergence times estimated with genome-wide orthologues indicated that East Asian Synstylae species have recently diverged, with an estimated crown age of ~2 Mya. The rampant gene tree discordance indicated the possibility of ILS and/or genetic introgression. In the section Synstylae, deeper coalescence in the gene trees compared to the species tree suggested ILS as a source of gene tree discordance. Further, Patterson’s D and f-branch statistics indicated that several lineages in the section were involved in genetic introgression.

Conclusions
We have unravelled the complex evolutionary history of East Asian Rosa sect. Synstylae, including recent species divergences, ILS and genetic introgression. Coupled with the geographical and ecological complexity of East Asia, ILS and genetic introgression may have contributed to the rapid diversification of East Asian Synstylae species by permitting adaptation to diverse environments.
The carbon footprint of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Comes Daan J , Bluiminck Stijn , Kooistra Emma J , de Nes Lindsey , van Workum Frans T W E , Touw Hugo , Eussen Myrthe M M , Bouvy Nicole D , Stobernack Tim , de Reuver Philip R 
Published: September 2024

Lay Summary

Background
Gallbladder removal is one of the most common surgical procedures worldwide. The keyhole operation treats patients with symptomatic gallstones. This procedure uses many single-use tools and results in a lot of waste. Before we can make this operation more sustainable, we need to assess the amount of waste and CO2 emissions.

Aim
The aim of this study was to identify the types of waste and measure the CO2 emissions created by a gallbladder removal.

Method
We collected waste from 15 gallbladder operations at three hospitals. We noted the medications used and measured the surgery duration to estimate electricity consumption. We also asked all the staff how they travelled to the hospital that day.

Findings and Conclusion
The operation produces about 56.5 kg of CO2. The main sources of CO2 are single-use tools, packaging materials and disposable drapes and gowns. This study helps us understand where most CO2 is produced, so we can work on reducing it more effectively.
No Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Coinfection on Mortality in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection After Sustained Virological Response
Authors: Martín-Carmona Jesica , Corma-Gómez Anaïs , Téllez Francisco , Arenga-Barrios Dolores , Serrano-Fuentes Miriam , Morano Luis , Corona-Mata Diana , Navarrete Lorite Miguel Nicolás , Vera-Méndez Francisco Jesús , Alados Juan Carlos , Palacios Rosario , de los Santos Ignacio , Geijo Paloma , Imaz Arkaitz , Merino Dolores , Reus-Bañuls Sergio Javier , Galindo Maria Jose , López-Ruz Miguel Ángel , Galera Carlos , Pineda Juan A , Macías Juan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
In patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection and advanced liver disease, the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection on the clinical outcome after sustained virological response (SVR) has not been sufficiently clarified. The aim of this study was to compare the mortality after SVR of patients bearing HCV chronic infection and advanced liver fibrosis, with and without HIV coinfection after a prolonged follow-up.

Methods
This was a prospective multicenter cohort study including individuals with HIV/HCV coinfection and patients with HCV monoinfection from Spain, fulfilling (1) liver stiffness (LS) ≥9.5 kPa before treatment, (2) SVR with a direct-acting antiviral–based regimen, and (3) LS measurement available at SVR. The main outcome was overall survival. Mortality attributable to liver disease and nonhepatic causes was also assessed.

Results
A total of 1118 patients were included, of whom 676 (60.5%) had HIV. The median (Q1–Q3) follow-up was 76 (57–83) months. After SVR, 46 (10%) HCV-monoinfected and 74 (11%) HIV/HCV-coinfected patients died. The overall mortality rate (95% CI) was 1.9 (1.6–2.2) per 100 person-years, 1.9 (1.4–2.5) per 100 person-years in patients with HCV monoinfection, and 1.8 (1.6–2.3) per 100 person-years in people with HIV. In the multivariable analysis, HIV coinfection was not associated with shorter survival (hazard ratio, .98; 95% CI, .61–1.58; P = .939).

Conclusions
In patients with HCV chronic infection and advanced fibrosis, HIV coinfection does not reduce the overall survival after SVR.

Clinical Trials Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04460157).
Long-term prognostic characteristics of patients with clinical stage IA part-solid lung adenocarcinoma: a conditional survival analysis
Authors: Shen Xinchen , Zhao Mengmeng , Deng Jiajun , Chen Tao , Wen Jialiang , Xu Long , Huang Shenghao , Wu Junqi , Sun Weiyan , Ren Longbing , She Yunlang , Hou Likun , Chen Chang , Zhao Deping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Despite excellent 5-year survival, there are limited data on the long-term prognostic characteristics of clinical stage IA part-solid lung adenocarcinoma. The objective was to elucidate the dynamics of prognostic characteristics through conditional survival analysis.

METHODS
Consecutive patients who underwent complete resection for clinical stage IA part-solid lung adenocarcinoma between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Conditional survival is defined as the probability of surviving further y years, conditional on the patient has already survived x years. The conditional recurrence-free survival (CRFS) and conditional overall survival (COS) were analysed to evaluate prognosis over time, with conditional Cox regression analysis performed to identify time-dependent prognostic factors.

RESULTS
A total of 1539 patients were included with a median follow-up duration of 98.4 months, and 80 (5.2%) patients experienced recurrence. Among them, 20 (1.3%) recurrence cases occurred after 5 years of follow-up with 100% intrathoracic recurrence. The 5-year CRFS increased from 95.8% to 97.4%, while the 5-year COS maintained stable. Multivariable Cox analysis revealed that histologic subtype was always an independent prognostic factor for CRFS even after 5 years of follow-up, while the independent prognostic value of consolidation-to-tumour ratio, visceral pleural invasion and lymph node metastasis was observed only within 5 years. Besides, age, pathologic size and lymph node metastasis maintained independent predictive value for COS during long-term follow-up, while consolidation-to-tumour ratio was predictive for COS only within 5 years of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
The independent prognostic factors for clinical stage IA part-solid lung adenocarcinoma changed over time, along with gradually increasing 5-year CRFS and stable 5-year COS.
Anthropocentrism in Contemporary Chinese Dictionary: A Synergic Perspective of Critical Lexicographical Discourse Studies and Systemic Functional Linguistics
Authors: Chen Wenge 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Critical Lexicographical Discourse Studies (CLDS) view the dictionary as a discourse and emphasize an ideological, ethico-political dimension to the lexicographical process. Combining CLDS with Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper looks into how anthropocentrism is manifested linguistically in Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (Seventh Edition), the most influential authoritative general-purpose Chinese dictionary, by examining the transitivity and appraisal patterns in the definition texts concerning animals and plants. The analysis shows that animals and plants are seldom assigned agency in their own right and that the animals and plants are evaluated either positively or negatively according to whether they are useful to the human beings while their intrinsic value is ignored. In particular, animals are highlighted for their agricultural and medicinal use and plants for their medicinal and ornamental value. However, compared with its previous editions, the dictionary has shown an enhanced awareness of environmental protection by deleting the encyclopaedic information that describes the use of some rare animals’ meat, bones and fur. It is argued that, although modern general-purpose dictionaries are increasingly corpus-based and descriptive, their role in shaping social values and stances cannot be disregarded. Dictionary makers need to balance what words mean with what they can be said to mean or be allowed to mean (Moon, 2014). The study contributes to unmasking and denaturalizing the hidden ideology in colony texts such as the dictionary, enhances a critical use of dictionaries and helps develop the theory of critical lexicography and emerging ecolexicography.
Designing for Sustained Motivation: A Review of Self-Determination Theory in Behaviour Change Technologies
Authors: Alberts Lize , Lyngs Ulrik , Lukoff Kai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge in applications and technologies aimed at motivating users to achieve personal goals and improve their wellbeing. However, these often fail to promote long-term behaviour change, and sometimes even backfire. We consider how self-determination theory (SDT), a metatheory of human motivation and wellbeing, can help explain why such technologies fail, and how they may better help users internalize the motivation behind their goals and make enduring changes in their behaviour. In this work, we systematically reviewed 15 papers in the ACM Digital Library that apply SDT to the design of behaviour change technologies (BCTs). We identified 50 suggestions for design features in BCTs, grounded in SDT, that researchers have applied to enhance user motivation. However, we find that SDT is often leveraged to optimize engagement with the technology itself rather than with the targeted behaviour change per se. When interpreted through the lens of SDT, the implication is that BCTs may fail to cultivate sustained changes in behaviour, as users’ motivation depends on their enjoyment of the intervention, which may wane over time. An underexplored opportunity remains for designers to leverage SDT to support users to internalize the ultimate goals and value of certain behaviour changes, enhancing their motivation to sustain these changes in the long term.
Integration of surface swab with optical microscopy for detection and quantification of bacterial cells from stainless-steel surfaces
Authors: Zhang Yuzhen , Gao Zili , He Lili 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Swab sampling is a common method for recovering microbes on various environmental surfaces. Its successful application for a specific target depends on the proper swab method and the following detection assay. Herein, we evaluated critical factors influencing surface swab sampling, aiming to achieve the optimal detection and quantification performance of optical detection for bacterial cells on stainless-steel surfaces. Our results showed the recovery rate of Salmonella enterica (SE1045) cells from the 10 × 10 cm2 stainless-steel surface reached up to 92.71 ± 2.19% when using ammonia bicarbonate-moistened polyurethane foam swabs for gentle collection, followed by ultrasound-assisted release in NH4HCO3 solution. Among the six different foam swabs, the Puritan™ Sterile Large Foam Swab contributed the lowest background noise and highest recovery efficiency when integrated with the optical detection assay. Notably, our method exhibited a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0.9983) between the detected cell numbers and the theoretical number of SE1045 cells seeded on surfaces in the range of 104–107 Colony Forming Units (CFU), with a limit of detection of 7.2 × 104 CFU 100 cm−2. This integration was completed within 2 h, exhibiting the applicable potential in various settings.
Advances in the understanding of talaromycosis in HIV-negative patients (especially in children and patients with hematological malignancies): A comprehensive review
Authors: He Haiyang , Cai Liuyang , Lin Yusong , Zheng Fangwei , Liao Wanqing , Xue Xiaochun , Pan Weihua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) stands out as the sole thermobiphasic fungus pathogenic to mammals, including humans, within the fungal community encompassing Ascomycota, Eurotium, Eurotiumles, Fungiaceae, and Cyanobacteria. Thriving as a saprophytic fungus in its natural habitat, it transitions into a pathogenic yeast phase at the mammalian physiological temperature of 37°C. Historically, talaromycosis has been predominantly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), classified among the three primary opportunistic infections linked with AIDS, alongside tuberculosis and cryptococcosis. As advancements are made in HIV/AIDS treatment and control measures, the incidence of talaromycosis co-infection with HIV is declining annually, whereas the population of non-HIV-infected talaromycosis patients is steadily increasing. These patients exhibit diverse risk factors such as various types of immunodeficiency, malignant tumors, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantation, among others. Yet, a limited number of retrospective studies have centered on the clinical characteristics and risk factors of HIV-negative talaromycosis patients, especially in children and patients with hematological malignancies, resulting in an inadequate understanding of this patient cohort. Consequently, we conducted a comprehensive review encompassing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HIV-negative talaromycosis patients, concluding with a prospectus of the disease’s frontier research direction. The aim is to enhance comprehension, leading to advancements in the diagnosis and treatment rates for these patients, ultimately improving their prognosis.
Predicting gravitational wave signals from BPASS white dwarf binary and black hole binary populations of a Milky Way-like galaxy model for LISA
Authors: Tang P , Eldridge J J , Meyer R , Lamberts A , Boileau G , van Zeist W G J 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Galactic white dwarf binaries (WDBs) and black hole binaries (BHBs) will be gravitational wave (GW) sources for LISA. Their detection will provide insights into binary evolution and the evolution of our Galaxy through cosmic history. Here, we make predictions of the expected WDB and BHB population within our Galaxy. We combine predictions of the compact remnant binary populations expected by stellar evolution from the detailed Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) code, with a Milky Way analogue galaxy model from the Feedback in Realistic Environment (FIRE) simulations. We use PhenomA and legwork to simulate LISA observations. Both packages make similar predictions that on average four Galactic BHBs and 673 Galactic WDBs are above the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold of 7 after a four-year mission. We compare these predictions to earlier results using the binary star evolution (BSE) code with the same FIRE model galaxy. We find that BPASS predicts a few more LISA observable Galactic BHBs and a twentieth of the Galactic WDBs. The differences are due to the different physical assumptions that have gone into the binary evolution calculations. These results indicate that the expected population of compact binaries that LISA will detect depends very sensitively on the binary population synthesis models used and thus observations of the LISA population will provide tight constraints on our modelling of binary stars. Finally, from our synthetic populations, we have created mock LISA signals that can be used to test and refine data processing methods of the eventual LISA observations.
High-throughput single telomere analysis using DNA microarray and fluorescent in situ hybridization
Authors: Zheng Yun-Ling , Wu Xingjia , Williams Madeline , Verhulst Simon , Lin Jue , Takahashi Yusuke , Ma Jian-Xing , Wang Ying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The human telomere system is highly dynamic. Both short and long leucocyte average telomere lengths (aTL) are associated with an increased risk of cancer and early death, illustrating the complex relationship between TL and human health and the importance of assessing TL distributions with single TL analysis. A DNA microarray and telomere fluorescent in situ hybridization (DNA-array-FISH) approach was developed to measure the base-pair (bp) lengths of single telomeres. On average 32000 telomeres were measured per DNA sample with one microarray chip assaying 96 test DNA samples. Various telomere parameters, i.e. aTL and the frequency of short/long telomeres, were computed to delineate TL distribution. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variations of aTL ranged from 1.37% to 3.98%. The correlation coefficient (r) of aTL in repeated measurements ranged from 0.91 to 1.00, demonstrating high measurement precision. aTLs measured by DNA-array-FISH predicted aTLs measured by terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis with r ranging 0.87–0.99. A new accurate and high-throughput method has been developed to measure the bp lengths of single telomeres. The large number of single TL data provides an opportunity for an in-depth analysis of telomere dynamics and the complex relationship between telomere and age-related diseases.
The Value of Medical Chart Reviews: A Methodological Approach to Supplement Mortality Data During Pandemic Outbreaks
Authors: Boos Elizabeth M , Holtmann Maxwell , DeHovitz Jack , Tesoriero James M , Driver Redd , Gonzalez Charles J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Administrative data may provide incomplete understanding of pandemic disease impact. Medical record review–based assessments of COVID-19–related causes of death were conducted among people with diagnosed HIV in New York State, which identified more COVID-19–related causes of death than Vital Statistics, thereby offering a deeper understanding of the pandemic’s impact on this population.