bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-T
c superconductivity in undoped ThFeAsN
Authors: Shiroka T. , Shang T. , Wang C. , Cao G.-H. , Eremin I. , Ott H.-R. , Mesot J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnlike the widely studied ReFeAsO series, the newly discovered iron-based superconductor ThFeAsN exhibits a remarkably high critical temperature of 30 K, without chemical doping or external pressure. Here we investigate in detail its magnetic and superconducting properties via muon-spin rotation/relaxation and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and show that ThFeAsN exhibits strong magnetic fluctuations, suppressed below ~35 K, but no magnetic order. This contrasts strongly with the ReFeAsO series, where stoichiometric parent materials order antiferromagnetically and superconductivity appears only upon doping. The ThFeAsN case indicates that Fermi-surface modifications due to structural distortions and correlation effects are as important as doping in inducing superconductivity. The direct competition between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity, which in ThFeAsN (as in LiFeAs) occurs at already zero doping, may indicate a significant deviation of the s-wave superconducting gap in this compound from the standard s± scenario.
Ubiquitination of stalled ribosome triggers ribosome-associated quality control
Authors: Matsuo Yoshitaka , Ikeuchi Ken , Saeki Yasushi , Iwasaki Shintaro , Schmidt Christian , Udagawa Tsuyoshi , Sato Fumiya , Tsuchiya Hikaru , Becker Thomas , Tanaka Keiji , Ingolia Nicholas T. , Beckmann Roland , Inada Toshifumi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTranslation arrest by polybasic sequences induces ribosome stalling, and the arrest product is degraded by the ribosome-mediated quality control (RQC) system. Here we report that ubiquitination of the 40S ribosomal protein uS10 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hel2 (or RQT1) is required for RQC. We identify a RQC-trigger (RQT) subcomplex composed of the RNA helicase-family protein Slh1/Rqt2, the ubiquitin-binding protein Cue3/Rqt3, and yKR023W/Rqt4 that is required for RQC. The defects in RQC of the RQT mutants correlate with sensitivity to anisomycin, which stalls ribosome at the rotated form. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis reveals that Hel2-bound ribosome are dominantly the rotated form with hybrid tRNAs. Ribosome profiling reveals that ribosomes stalled at the rotated state with specific pairs of codons at P-A sites serve as RQC substrates. Rqt1 specifically ubiquitinates these arrested ribosomes to target them to the RQT complex, allowing subsequent RQC reactions including dissociation of the stalled ribosome into subunits.
RORα controls hepatic lipid homeostasis via negative regulation of PPARγ transcriptional network
Authors: Kim Kyeongkyu , Boo Kyungjin , Yu Young Suk , Oh Se Kyu , Kim Hyunkyung , Jeon Yoon , Bhin Jinhyuk , Hwang Daehee , Kim Keun Il , Lee Jun-Su , Im Seung-Soon , Yoon Seul Gi , Kim Il Yong , Seong Je Kyung , Lee Ho , Fang Sungsoon , Baek Sung Hee 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-α (RORα) is an important regulator of various biological processes, including cerebellum development, circadian rhythm and cancer. Here, we show that hepatic RORα controls lipid homeostasis by negatively regulating transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) that mediates hepatic lipid metabolism. Liver-specific Rorα-deficient mice develop hepatic steatosis, obesity and insulin resistance when challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). Global transcriptome analysis reveals that liver-specific deletion of Rorα leads to the dysregulation of PPARγ signaling and increases hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. RORα specifically binds and recruits histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) to PPARγ target promoters for the transcriptional repression of PPARγ. PPARγ antagonism restores metabolic homeostasis in HFD-fed liver-specific Rorα deficient mice. Our data indicate that RORα has a pivotal role in the regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis. Therapeutic strategies designed to modulate RORα activity may be beneficial for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Major agricultural changes required to mitigate phosphorus losses under climate change
Authors: Ockenden M. C. , Hollaway M. J. , Beven K. J. , Collins A. L. , Evans R. , Falloon P. D. , Forber K. J. , Hiscock K. M. , Kahana R. , Macleod C. J. A. , Tych W. , Villamizar M. L. , Wearing C. , Withers P. J. A. , Zhou J. G. , Barker P. A. , Burke S. , Freer J. E. , Johnes P. J. , Snell M. A. , Surridge B. W. J. , Haygarth P. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhosphorus losses from land to water will be impacted by climate change and land management for food production, with detrimental impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Here we use a unique combination of methods to evaluate the impact of projected climate change on future phosphorus transfers, and to assess what scale of agricultural change would be needed to mitigate these transfers. We combine novel high-frequency phosphorus flux data from three representative catchments across the UK, a new high-spatial resolution climate model, uncertainty estimates from an ensemble of future climate simulations, two phosphorus transfer models of contrasting complexity and a simplified representation of the potential intensification of agriculture based on expert elicitation from land managers. We show that the effect of climate change on average winter phosphorus loads (predicted increase up to 30% by 2050s) will be limited only by large-scale agricultural changes (e.g., 20–80% reduction in phosphorus inputs).
The Maintenance of Telomere Length in CD28+ T Cells During T Lymphocyte Stimulation
Authors: Huang Ejun , Tedone Enzo , O’Hara Ryan , Cornelius Crystal , Lai Tsung-Po , Ludlow Andrew , Wright Woodring E. , Shay Jerry W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTelomerase activity is not readily detected in resting human T lymphocytes, however upon antigen presentation, telomerase is transiently upregulated. Presently, it is not known if telomerase activation is necessary for the proliferation of T cells or for the maintenance of telomere lengths. In this study, we found that telomerase activation is not required for the short- term proliferation of T cells and that telomeres progressively shorten in a heterogeneous population of T cells, even if telomerase is detected. By measuring telomerase activity at the single-cell level using quantitative ddPCR techniques (ddTRAP) and by monitoring changes in the shortest telomeres with more sensitive telomere length measurement assays, we show that only a subset of CD28+ T-cells have robust telomerase activity upon stimulation and are capable of maintaining their telomere lengths during induced proliferation. The study of this T-cell subset may lead to a better understanding on how telomerase is regulated and functions in immune cells.
Dynamic scaffolds for neuronal signaling: in silico analysis of the TANC protein family
Authors: Gasparini Alessandra , Tosatto Silvio C. E. , Murgia Alessandra , Leonardi Emanuela 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe emergence of genes implicated across multiple comorbid neurologic disorders allows to identify shared underlying molecular pathways. Recently, investigation of patients with diverse neurologic disorders found TANC1 and TANC2 as possible candidate disease genes. While the TANC proteins have been reported as postsynaptic scaffolds influencing synaptic spines and excitatory synapse strength, their molecular functions remain unknown. Here, we conducted a comprehensive in silico analysis of the TANC protein family to characterize their molecular role and understand possible neurobiological consequences of their disruption. The known Ankyrin and tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains have been modeled. The newly predicted N-terminal ATPase domain may function as a regulated molecular switch for downstream signaling. Several putative conserved protein binding motifs allowed to extend the TANC interaction network. Interestingly, we highlighted connections with different signaling pathways converging to modulate neuronal activity. Beyond a known role for TANC family members in the glutamate receptor pathway, they seem linked to planar cell polarity signaling, Hippo pathway, and cilium assembly. This suggests an important role in neuron projection, extension and differentiation.
Efficient and Reversible Electron Doping of Semiconductor-Enriched Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Using Decamethylcobaltocene
Authors: Xu Jian-Long , Dai Rui-Xuan , Xin Yan , Sun Yi-Lin , Li Xian , Yu Yang-Xin , Xiang Lan , Xie Dan , Wang Sui-Dong , Ren Tian-Ling 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) offer great potential for field-effect transistors and integrated circuit applications due to their extraordinary electrical properties. To date, as-made SWCNT transistors are usually p-type in air, and it still remains challenging for realizing n-type devices. Herein, we present efficient and reversible electron doping of semiconductor-enriched single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) by firstly utilizing decamethylcobaltocene (DMC) deposited by a simple spin-coating process at room temperature as an electron donor. A n-type transistor behavior with high on current, large I
on
/I
off
ratio and excellent uniformity is obtained by surface charge transfer from the electron donor DMC to acceptor s-SWCNTs, which is further corroborated by the Raman spectra and the ab initio simulation results. The DMC dopant molecules could be reversibly removed by immersion in N, N-Dimethylformamide solvent, indicating its reversibility and providing another way to control the carrier concentration effectively as well as selective removal of surface dopants on demand. Furthermore, the n-type behaviors including threshold voltage, on current, field-effect mobility, contact resistances, etc. are well controllable by adjusting the surface doping concentration. This work paves the way to explore and obtain high-performance n-type nanotubes for future complementary CMOS circuit and system applications.
Thresholds of biodiversity and ecosystem function in a forest ecosystem undergoing dieback
Authors: Evans P. M. , Newton A. C. , Cantarello E. , Martin P. , Sanderson N. , Jones D. L. , Barsoum N. , Cottrell J. E. , A’Hara S. W. , Fuller L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEcological thresholds, which represent points of rapid change in ecological properties, are of major scientific and societal concern. However, very little research has focused on empirically testing the occurrence of thresholds in temperate terrestrial ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, we tested whether a number of biodiversity, ecosystem functions and ecosystem condition metrics exhibited thresholds in response to a gradient of forest dieback, measured as changes in basal area of living trees relative to areas that lacked recent dieback. The gradient of dieback was sampled using 12 replicate study areas in a temperate forest ecosystem. Our results provide novel evidence of several thresholds in biodiversity (namely species richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi, epiphytic lichen and ground flora); for ecological condition (e.g. sward height, palatable seedling abundance) and a single threshold for ecosystem function (i.e. soil respiration rate). Mechanisms for these thresholds are explored. As climate-induced forest dieback is increasing worldwide, both in scale and speed, these results imply that threshold responses may become increasingly widespread.
Evaluation of two lead malaria transmission blocking vaccine candidate antibodies in natural parasite-vector combinations
Authors: Bompard Anais , Da Dari F. , Yerbanga Rakiswendé S. , Biswas Sumi , Kapulu Melissa , Bousema Teun , Lefèvre Thierry , Cohuet Anna , Churcher Thomas S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTransmission blocking vaccines (TBV) which aim to control malaria by inhibiting human-to-mosquito transmission show considerable promise though their utility against naturally circulating parasites remains unknown. The efficacy of two lead candidates targeting Pfs25 and Pfs230 antigens to prevent onwards transmission of naturally occurring parasites to a local mosquito strain is assessed using direct membrane feeding assays and murine antibodies in Burkina Faso. The transmission blocking activity of both candidates depends on the level of parasite exposure (as assessed by the mean number of oocysts in control mosquitoes) and antibody titers. A mathematical framework is devised to allow the efficacy of different candidates to be directly compared and determine the minimal antibody titers required to halt transmission in different settings. The increased efficacy with diminishing parasite exposure indicates that the efficacy of vaccines targeting either Pfs25 or Pfs230 may increase as malaria transmission declines. This has important implications for late-stage candidate selection and assessing how they can support the drive for malaria elimination.
Constraining shifts in North Atlantic plate motions during the Palaeocene by U-Pb dating of Svalbard tephra layers
Authors: Jones Morgan T. , Augland Lars E. , Shephard Grace E. , Burgess Seth D. , Eliassen Gauti T. , Jochmann Malte M. , Friis Bjarki , Jerram Dougal A. , Planke Sverre , Svensen Henrik H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRadioisotopic dating of volcanic minerals is a powerful method for establishing absolute time constraints in sedimentary basins, which improves our understanding of the chronostratigraphy and evolution of basin processes. The relative plate motions of Greenland, North America, and Eurasia changed several times during the Palaeogene. However, the timing of a key part of this sequence, namely the initiation of compression between Greenland and Svalbard, is currently poorly constrained. The formation of the Central Basin in Spitsbergen is inherently linked to changes in regional plate motions, so an improved chronostratigraphy of the sedimentary sequence is warranted. Here we present U-Pb zircon dates from tephra layers close to the basal unconformity, which yield a weighted-mean 206Pb/238U age of 61.596 ± 0.028 Ma (2σ). We calculate that sustained sedimentation began at ~61.8 Ma in the eastern Central Basin based on a sediment accumulation rate of 71.6 ± 7.6 m/Myr. The timing of basin formation is broadly coeval with depositional changes at the Danian-Selandian boundary around the other margins of Greenland, including the North Sea, implying a common tectonic driving force. Furthermore, these stratigraphic tie points place age constraints on regional plate reorganization events, such as the onset of seafloor spreading in the Labrador Sea.
Use of Microarray Datasets to generate Caco-2-dedicated Networks and to identify Reporter Genes of Specific Pathway Activity
Authors: Venkatasubramanian Prashanna Balaji , Toydemir Gamze , de Wit Nicole , Saccenti Edoardo , Martins dos Santos Vitor A. P. , van Baarlen Peter , Wells Jerry M. , Suarez-Diez Maria , Mes Jurriaan J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntestinal epithelial cells, like Caco-2, are commonly used to study the interaction between food, other luminal factors and the host, often supported by microarray analysis to study the changes in gene expression as a result of the exposure. However, no compiled dataset for Caco-2 has ever been initiated and Caco-2-dedicated gene expression networks are barely available. Here, 341 Caco-2-specific microarray samples were collected from public databases and from in-house experiments pertaining to Caco-2 cells exposed to pathogens, probiotics and several food compounds. Using these datasets, a gene functional association network specific for Caco-2 was generated containing 8937 nodes 129711 edges. Two in silico methods, a modified version of biclustering and the new Differential Expression Correlation Analysis, were developed to identify Caco-2-specific gene targets within a pathway of interest. These methods were subsequently applied to the AhR and Nrf2 signalling pathways and altered expression of the predicted target genes was validated by qPCR in Caco-2 cells exposed to coffee extracts, known to activate both AhR and Nrf2 pathways. The datasets and in silico method(s) to identify and predict responsive target genes can be used to more efficiently design experiments to study Caco-2/intestinal epithelial-relevant biological processes.
Genetic variation and population structure of Botswana populations as identified with AmpFLSTR Identifiler short tandem repeat (STR) loci
Authors: Tau Tiroyamodimo , Wally Anthony , Fanie Thokozile Patricia , Ngono Goitseone Lorato , Mpoloka Sununguko Wata , Davison Sean , D’Amato María Eugenia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPopulation structure was investigated in 990 Botswana individuals according to ethno-linguistics, Bantu and Khoisan, and geography (the nine administrative districts) using the Identifiler autosomal microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity and forensic parameters were calculated for the overall population, and according to ethno-linguistics and geography. The overall combined power of exclusion (CPE) was 0.9999965412 and the combined match probability 6,28 × 10−19. CPE was highest for the Khoisan Tuu ethnolinguistic group and the Northeast District at 0.9999582029 and 0.9999922652 respectively. CMP ranged from 6.28 × 10−19 (Khoisan Tuu) to 1,02 × 10−18 (Northwest district). Using pairwise genetic distances (FST), analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), factorial correspondence analysis (FCA), and the unsupervised Bayesian clustering method found in STRUCTURE and TESS, ethno-linguistics were found to have a greater influence on population structure than geography. FCA showed clustering between Bantu and Khoisan, and within the Bantu. This Bantu sub-structuring was not seen with STRUCTURE and TESS, which detected clustering only between Bantu and Khoisan. The patterns of population structure revealed highlight the need for regional reference databases that include ethno-linguistic and geographic location information. These markers have important potential for bio-anthropological studies as well as for forensic applications.
The polarization and the fundamental sensitivity of 39K (133Cs)-85Rb-4He hybrid optical pumping spin exchange relaxation free atomic magnetometers
Authors: Liu Jian-Hua , Jing Dong-Yang , Wang Liang-Liang , Li Yang , Quan Wei , Fang Jian-Cheng , Liu Wu-Ming 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe hybrid optical pumping spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) atomic magnetometers can realize ultrahigh sensitivity measurement of magnetic field and inertia. We have studied the 85Rb polarization of two types of hybrid optical pumping SERF magnetometers based on 39K-85Rb-4He and 133Cs-85Rb-4He respectively. Then we found that 85Rb polarization varies with the number density of buffer gas 4He and quench gas N2, pumping rate of pump beam and cell temperature respectively, which will provide an experimental guide for the design of the magnetometer. We obtain a general formula on the fundamental sensitivity of the hybrid optical pumping SERF magnetometer due to shot-noise. The formula describes that the fundamental sensitivity of the magnetometer varies with the number density of buffer gas and quench gas, the pumping rate of pump beam, external magnetic field, cell effective radius, measurement volume, cell temperature and measurement time. We obtain a highest fundamental sensitivity of 1.5073 aT/Hz1/2 (1 aT = 10−18T) with 39K-85Rb-4He magnetometer between above two types of magnetometers when 85Rb polarization is 0.1116. We estimate the fundamental sensitivity limit of the hybrid optical pumping SERF magnetometer to be superior to 1.8359 × 10−2aT/Hz1/2, which is higher than the shot-noise-limited sensitivity of 1 aT/Hz1/2 of K SERF atomic magnetometer.
Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites in early pregnancy associated with clinical pregnancy loss in Chinese women
Authors: Gao Hui , Zhang Yun-wei , Huang Kun , Yan Shuang-qin , Mao Lei-jing , Ge Xing , Xu Ye-qing , Xu Yuan-yuan , Sheng Jie , Jin Zhong-xiu , Zhu Peng , Tao Xu-guang , Hao Jia-hu , Tao Fang-biao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLimited evidence revealed conflicting results on relationship between phthalate exposure and clinical pregnancy loss (gestational weeks >6). A prospective cohort study in Chinese pregnant women (n = 3220) was conducted to investigate the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and clinical pregnancy loss (gestational weeks 6 to 27; n = 109). Morning urine samples during gestational weeks 5 to 14 (mean 10.42) were collected to measure monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP). The concentrations of low- and high-molecular weight phthalate metabolites (ΣLMWP <250 Da and ΣHMWP >250 Da) were calculated. Adjusted logistic regression models showed increased risks of clinical pregnancy loss in women with higher creatinine- normalized concentrations of MEP, MBP, MEOHP, MEHHP, ΣLMWP and ΣHMWP. Stratified analysis by gestational weeks (10 weeks) of miscarriage indicated positive associations of MEP, MEOHP, MEHHP and ΣHMWP with embryonic loss (during gestational weeks 6 to 10). The only association of foetal loss (during gestational weeks 11 to 27) was observed with MEHHP. Our findings suggested that Chinese women who were exposed to phthalates during early pregnancy had an increased risk of clinical pregnancy loss, especially embryonic loss.
Mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 is critical for long term survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis and simultaneously coordinates cellular functions
Authors: Enany Shymaa , Yoshida Yutaka , Tateishi Yoshitaka , Ozeki Yuriko , Nishiyama Akihito , Savitskaya Anna , Yamaguchi Takehiro , Ohara Yukiko , Yamamoto Tadashi , Ato Manabu , Matsumoto Sohkichi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBacteria can proliferate perpetually without ageing, but they also face conditions where they must persist. Mycobacteria can survive for a long period. This state appears during mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy, which are chronic and develop after long-term persistent infections. However, the fundamental mechanisms of the long-term living of mycobacteria are unknown. EveryMycobacteriumspecies expresses Mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 (MDP1), a histone-like nucleoid associated protein.Mycobacterium smegmatisis a saprophytic fast grower and used as a model of mycobacterial persistence, since it shares the characteristics of the long-term survival observed in pathogenic mycobacteria. Here we show that MDP1-deficientM. smegmatisdies more rapidly than the parental strain after entering stationary phase. Proteomic analyses revealed 21 upregulated proteins with more than 3-fold in MDP1-deficient strain, including DnaA, a replication initiator, NDH, a NADH dehydrogenase that catalyzes downhill electron transfer, Fas1, a critical fatty acid synthase, and antioxidants such as AhpC and KatG. Biochemical analyses showed elevated levels of DNA and ATP syntheses, a decreased NADH/NAD+ratio, and a loss of resistance to oxidative stress in the MDP1-knockout strain. This study suggests the importance of MDP1-dependent simultaneous control of the cellular functions in the long-term survival of mycobacteria.