bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From a culture of caution to a culture of confidence: facilitating the good governance of administrative data in the UK
Authors: Stevens Leslie , Laurie Graeme 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThis talk unpacks the culture of caution surrounding the use and sharing of administrative data in the UK and suggests the adoption of the authors’ novel decision-making tool and organisational strategy based on the public interest, to achieve good governance. Administrative data, which implicate all public sector data, are in constant demand –to be shared for ‘joined-up’ services, used as evidence in Government inquiries and for research purposes. These demands are often made on the basis that they serve ‘the public interest’ but public authorities are without the decision-making tools to make proportionate decisions outwith narrow and risk-averse interpretations of legal requirements. Public authorities are operating within a ‘culture of caution’, fuelled by misperceptions of what the law does or does not require for data to be used/shared ‘in the public interest’; uncertainties regarding incentives for data sharing; perceived controversies if something ‘goes wrong’; and imbalanced assessment of risks without robust assessment of potential public interests to be served or the potential ‘harm’ from not sharing data.
ApproachThis discussion is substantiated by reference to major contributions to this field (e.g. Law Commission Report on data sharing in 2014; Thomas and Walport’s data sharing review in 2008 etc.) and to the authors’ engagement with the administrative data community as part of the legal work package to the Administrative Data Research Centre Scotland.
ResultsThe research reveals that public authorities exhibit extreme hesitance to undertake data sharing initiatives for reasons including:

misperceptions of the law (due to legal complexity, lack of legal precedent and authoritative guidance on data sharing)
lack of resources and expertise to manage increasing demands to use/share data
individuals fear reprisal if something ‘goes wrong’ with data handling
senior-management fear public backlash for new uses of data and organisational reputational damage
no understanding of the incentives to share data if there is no ‘direct’ benefit to the public authority in question.

ConclusionWe conclude by focussing on how to overcome the culture of caution, to one of confidence. We suggest the adoption of our decision-making matrix to help data custodians distinguish between real versus perceived barriers to data sharing (i.e. dispelling legal myths and identifying areas where changes can be made). We also introduce strategic solutions in our public interest mandate which entails overt commitment to use public sector data when it is in the public interest to do so.
Using record linkage to assess the impact of late presentation for care and treatment on short-term mortality among HIV-infected adults in rural South Africa.
Authors: Kabudula Chodziwadziwa Whiteson , Reniers Georges , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Kahn Kathleen , Tollman Stephen 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesTo assess the impact of late presentation (CD4 cell count <200 cells/μl at presentation) for care and treatment on short-term mortality (death within a year of presentation) among HIV-infected adults in rural South Africa.
ApproachWe applied deterministic and probabilistic record linkage approaches to link adult patients seeking care and treatment for HIV from a health facility between 2007 and 2013 to population under continuous surveillance by the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in rural northeast South Africa. The resulting record-linked dataset was thereafter analysed to estimate short-term mortality (death within a year of presentation) differences in late presenters (initial presentation at health facility with CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/μl) and early presenters (presentation with CD4 cell count of 200 or more cells/μl). In the linked dataset, CD4 cell count was extracted from the health facility database where as date of death came from the HDSS database.
ResultsA total of 3,553 patients who sought care and treatment for HIV at Bhubhezi clinic between 2007 and 2013 were linked to the Agincourt HDSS surveillance population. Proportion of patients classified as late presenters was 60.9%. Short-term mortality was 8.9% (317/3,553): 11.1% among those who presented late and 5.5 % among those who presented early (P<0.001).
ConclusionRecord linkage facilitated the assessment of the impact of late presentation for care and treatment on short-term mortality among HIV-infected adults in rural South Africa. In the population studied, late presentation is high and is contributing to high mortality among people living with HIV. Strategies that would facilitate early presentation are needed in order to reduce mortality among people living with HIV.
A Sexta Edição da Jovem Arte Contemporânea
Authors: Lopes Almerinda da Silva 
Published: April 2017

O texto discorre sobre o incentivo dado pela administração de Walter Zanini às práticas experimentais e conceitualistas na sexta edição da Jovem Arte Contemporânea (1972), promovida pelo Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo. A isenção de júri de seleção e de pré-requisitos, e a liberdade de criação concedida aos participantes, se por um lado confirmavam a atualidade do pensamento e a coragem daquele dirigente, por outro, a heterogeneidade, efemeridade e caráter inusitado das propostas encontrariam dificuldade de recepção por parte da retrógrada e agonizante crítica jornalística, que protestaria contra a instituição e os organizadores do evento.
How smart greenery can transform our cities
Authors: Hosny Sherif 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Urbanization is taking place at unprecedented rates with 50% of the world's population living in cities. The global population is expected to grow further to reach 10 billion before it starts to stabilize or decline. Hence, the importance of improving our cities to meet our urge in living in them has become more important than ever before. The term ‘efficiency’ will be one of the major keywords that will shape our thoughts, our future research and innovations.Efficiency pockets will be analyzed and searched for in every field and in all our needs. The human need for greenery is one of the most basic and primary needs. The health benefits of greenery are not a mere luxury, but the human's proximity to nature has instant effects on his health and moral. So the question is how can we have greenery in cities in the most efficient way possible? Green skins: The concept of green skins has stormed the world in the last decade and is without a doubt a growing trend. But what is a green skin?As the name suggests, it is greenery applied to the outer surface of an object. This object could be existing or new, functional or abandoned, stationary or in motion. To clarify further, let us imagine the following:– An abandoned railway turned into a park. New York's sky garden is a living example of such a case;– The rooftops of city busses could be perfect examples of oxygen-creating green skins;– Building facades could be entirely covered in greenery. Milan's vertical forest is a prime example of the proximity of this idea coming to reality. Integrated cities: An integrated city would be a further step in creating our own needs not only for landscaping but also for food production.Growing food in the city instead of on an agricultural land is at its infancy stages. Numerous movements around the world are exploring these possibilities. The benefits of urban agriculture are enormous, ranging from savings in transportation, eating fresher produce, using greenery as a thermal insulator and bringing greenery to our everyday life.Water- and energy-efficient technologies are being explored and used in this type of agriculture as production per square meter will be a decisive factor. Community roles: The progressive approach in designing green spaces for cities is no longer a task assigned to a single centralized authority or government. The connectedness of communities with city planners should grant a collaborative atmosphere for architects, designers, landscape companies and entrepreneurs to share their ideas and develop them together.Real estate developers and master planners will either be leading the way with sustainable landscape solutions or fall behind and eventually follow consumers’ expectations. Conclusion: Greenery plays a major role in our urban life and will have to evolve to match the current rate of urbanization.
Growing together in a changing climate
Authors: Shafi Neeshad 
Published: April 2017

Throughout the climate change negotiations, young people have shown that they will not wait to inherit a world damaged by climate change, but that they want to be part of creating solutions. They have brought their energy and creativity to the intergovernmental process, demanding concrete action from their governments.However, young people know that change must not only take place in terms of government, but also at home. They have changed their lifestyles, altering their consumption patterns to make ecologically conscious decisions. We expect young people to continue to lead us by launching environmentally responsible businesses and engaging in scientific research for clean and efficient energy sources.We hope to foster greater awareness of how young people can get involved as well as promote further ideas and awareness on climate change and lifestyle.
The economics of sustainable retrofitting
Authors: Al-Qahtani Muneera Saad 
Published: April 2017

United Nations' parties reaffirmed in the 21st Session of Climate Change Conference held in Paris the need to limit the global temperature increase to well below 2 degree Celsius (2015). Recent work by the UNEP shows that significant potential energy efficiency aimed at reducing CO2e emissions is in the built environment.Therefore, retrofitting the existing stock is very important because there is a significant part of Qatar's national energy consumption found in its residential buildings. A detailed analysis of energy consumptions in Qatari villas is yet to be carried out. However, initial studies carried out by Darwish indicate that up to 70% of residential energy consumption goes in air conditioning. The Colliers Company has made a study in the residential market and found that villas in Qatar account for 24% of the existing house stock.This study is important for the State of Qatar, as it would likely highlight the potential opportunity to increase the efficiency of current villas. This will assist Qatar's villas in becoming more sustainable and environmentally friendly. This paper looks at retrofitting of villas and how we can encourage energy conservation and possible strategies that can be applied.When refurbishing a Qatari villa, there are a number of initiatives that need assessment to determine which can give the biggest reduction of CO2/m2 level per cost of capital investment (CO2/m2/$). ● Energy conservation:  ○ Controls;  ○ Update HVAC;  ○ Import heat gain (building envelope and ventilation). ● De-carbonizing the energy:  ○ Applying renewable energy source (PV, thermal, and ground source heat pump);  ○ On/off site storage or feeding back the power of renewable energy to the grid.We will use IES software to develop an energy model for a Qatari villa and run the simulations to assess the coast of each CO2e/m2 cap investment. Anticipated comparisons of the findings with the present UK initiatives, and providing the necessary steps to retrofit would be useful.
Prevalence of microplastics in the marine waters of Qatar
Authors: Castillo Azenith B. , Al-Maslamani Ibrahim , Obbard Jeffrey Philip 
Published: April 2017

The issue of plastic pollution in the marine environment is of increasing global concern. As plastics typically have an intrinsic durability, water insolubility and slow degradation rates, debris has now become both ubiquitous and persistent in the marine environment. Overtime, plastic ultimately result in the generation of microplastics via photolytic, thermal and biological degradation processes. Although the potential threat of microplastics on marine ecosystems is well recognized, there is no baseline data available for the Arabian Gulf. The Environmental Science Center of Qatar University has now documented the first evidence for the prevalence of microplastics within the Arabian Gulf, specifically in the marine waters of Qatar Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Qatar has an arid climate and is situated midway along the western coast of the semi-enclosed Arabian Gulf. Qatar's coastline is particularly susceptible to marine debris due to the county's rapid urbanization and economic development. Surface seawater samples were collected from 12 stations during May 2015 research cruise of the RV Janan. An optimized and validated protocol was developed for the extraction of microplastics from plankton-rich samples without loss of microplastics present. Plankton present in seawater samples may readily mask the identification of microplastics and lead to an underestimation of the quantity of microplastics present. The protocol involved sample digestion using solutions of 1M NaOH, 10M NaOH, and 16M HNO3 in conjunction at different temperatures. Twenty mL of each solution was spiked with known quantities of reference polymer pellets, of varying diameters (63 μm to 4.70 mm) and used to digest the plankton biomass. The use of 1M NaOH proved to be a more efficient digestion treatment than 10M NaOH and 16M HNO3 solutions. Although 10M NaOH, and 16M HNO3 have been proven effective to mineralize plankton biomass, these solutions also resulted in some structural damage and discoloration of reference polymers with a low pH tolerance: polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, and nylon. After extraction, the microplastics were characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. In total 30 microplastics were isolated from the mineralized samples, with an average concentration of 0.71 particles m− 3 (range 0–3 particles m− 3). Nine out of 30 were identified as polypropylene, with the majority either granular, sizes ranging from 125 μm to 1.82 mm, or fibrous, sizes from 150 μm to 15.98 mm. Microplastics were more prevalent in areas where nearby anthropogenic activities, including oil-rig installations and shipping operations, are present.
Evaluation of cumulative dose distributions from external beam radiation therapy using CT‐to‐CBCT deformable image registration (DIR) for cervical cancer patients
Authors: Eckrich Carolyn , Lee Brandon , Wang Chunhao , Light Kim , Chino Junzo , Rodrigues Anna , Craciunescu Oana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate dose differences between the planning CT (pCT) and dose calculated on pre‐treatment verification CBCTs using DIR and dose summation for cervical cancer patients.MethodsCervical cancer patients treated at our institution with 45 Gy EBRT undergo a pCT and 5 CBCTs, once every five fractions of treatment. A free‐form intensity‐based DIR in MIM was performed between the pCT and each CBCT using the “Merged CBCT” feature to generate an extended FOV‐CBCT (mCBCT). DIR‐generated bladder and rectum contours were adjusted by a physician, and dice similarity coefficients (DSC) were calculated. After deformation, the investigated doses were (1) recalculated in Eclipse using original plan parameters (ecD), and (2) deformed from planning dose (pD) using the deformation matrix in MIM (mdD). Dose summation was performed to the first week's mCBCT. Dose distributions were compared for the bladder, rectum, and PTV in terms of percent dose difference, dose volume histograms (DVHs), and gamma analysis between the calculated doses.ResultsFor the 20 patients, the mean DSC was 0.68 ± 0.17 for bladder and 0.79 ± 0.09 for rectum. Most patients were within 5% of pD for D2cc (19/20), Dmax (17/20), and Dmean (16/20). All patients demonstrated a percent difference > 5% for bladder V45 due to variations in bladder volume from the pCT. D90 showed fewer differences with 19/20 patients within 2% of pD. Gamma rates between pD and ecD averaged 94% for bladder and 94% for rectum, while pD and mdD exhibited slightly better performance for bladder (93%) and lower for rectum (85%).ConclusionUsing DIR with weekly CBCT images, the MIM deformed dose (mdD) was found to be in close agreement with the Eclipse calculated dose (ecD). The proposed workflow should be used on a case‐by‐case basis when the weekly CBCT shows marked difference in organs‐at‐risk from the planning CT.
Academic outcomes before and after clinical onset of acquired demyelinating syndromes in children: a matched cohort data linkage study
Authors: Eyre Michael , Absoud Michael , Abdel‐Mannan Omar , Crichton Sarah , Hacohen Yael , Rossor Thomas , Rudebeck Sarah , Giovannoni Gavin , Lim Ming , Hemingway Cheryl 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is unknown if cognition is impaired before clinical onset of paediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes. We conducted a matched cohort study using prospectively collected educational data in multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) patients (n = 60) and controls (pooled n = 449,553). Academic performance at ages 10–11 was impaired in MOGAD (−1.27 adjusted z‐score [95% CI: −1.81 to −0.73], P < 0.001) and preclinical MS (−0.40 [−0.80 to −0.0003], P = 0.0498). Moderate/high‐efficacy MS treatment was associated with better final academic performance (0.92 [0.28–1.57], P = 0.005). After clinical onset MS patients missed 8.7% of school (controls 2.9%, P < 0.001) and MOGAD patients 11.9% (controls 2.0%, P < 0.001).
Persistent Patient‐Level Effect of Guselkumab at Consecutive 8‐Week Dosing Visits and Over Time in Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis: Post Hoc Analysis of a 2‐Year, Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Baraliakos Xenofon , Chandran Vinod , Soriano Enrique R. , Nash Peter , Deodhar Atul , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Shiff Natalie J. , Chakravarty Soumya D. , Shawi May , Merola Joseph F. , McInnes Iain B. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveGroup‐level analyses from the phase 3 DISCOVER‐2 trial of guselkumab demonstrated robust and durable improvements across psoriatic arthritis (PsA) domains. To specifically evaluate continuous disease control in individual patients, persistence of clinically relevant improvements was assessed, both at consecutive guselkumab dosing visits and over time.MethodsPost hoc analyses included biologic‐naïve patients randomized to 100 mg of guselkumab at week 0, week 4, and then every 8 weeks (Q8W). Improvements in joint (minimal clinically important improvement [MCII] in Disease Activity Index for PsA [DAPSA; ≥7.25], clinical DAPSA [cDAPSA; ≥5.7]), skin (Investigator's Global Assessment [IGA] 0/1), and overall disease activity (patient global assessment of arthritis and psoriasis [PtGA Arthritis+Psoriasis; MCII ≥ 15 mm], PsA Disease Activity Score [PASDAS; MCII ≥ 0.8]) were assessed. Proportions of patients with maintenance of DAPSA and cDAPSA MCII at consecutive Q8W guselkumab dosing visits (ie, at weeks 4 and 12, weeks 12 and 20, etc through week 52) and patient‐level durability of response through week 100 (Kaplan‐Meier) were determined.ResultsAmong 248 patients randomized to guselkumab Q8W, 93% to 99% maintained clinical improvement in joint disease at consecutive Q8W dosing visits through week 52 across time periods. Among guselkumab patients achieving MCII by week 24, estimated probabilities of maintenance of clinical improvement 100 weeks post achievement ranged from 68% (IGA 0/1) to 89% (PASDAS MCII). Median times to loss of improvement were not reached; estimated mean weeks of maintenance of improvement were 58.6, 52.4, 75.7, 83.6, and 76.7, respectively, for DAPSA, cDAPSA, IGA, PtGA Arthritis+Psoriasis, and PASDAS.ConclusionGuselkumab provided highly durable patient‐level improvements, both at consecutive Q8W dosing visits for joint disease activity and over time across PsA domains according to physician‐ and patient‐driven assessments.
A Novel Preclinical Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–Like Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: McCrorey Marice K. , Hawkins Kennedy P. , Semenikhina Marharyta , Bernstein Matthew , Lacey Ryan , Colvert C. Alex , Oates Jim C. , Tsao Betty P. , DeLeon‐Pennell Kristine Y. , Palygin Oleg , Cunningham Melissa A. , Van Beusecum Justin P. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects nine women to every man worldwide, and these patients are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Clinical studies have demonstrated that patients with SLE are more likely to develop CVD, including cardiac and vascular dysfunction. Although many preclinical models of SLE are available, including treatment with Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonists, a consistent preclinical model of SLE‐like CVD with systemic, cardiac, renal, and cerebral endothelial activation and cardiac dysfunction has yet to be described. Here, we hypothesize that acceleration of SLE with the TLR7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848) will promote cardiac and endothelial activation with subsequent end‐stage organ damage in the SLE‐prone B6.Nba2 mouse model.MethodsFemale and male SLE‐prone B6.Nba2 mice were treated with R848 or acetone, administered topically twice weekly over a four‐week period, to accelerate the development of SLE‐like pathophysiology. Echocardiography was performed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 16 weeks. At 16 weeks, tissues were harvested, weighed, and analyzed by histology, immunofluorescence, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsWe found that female R848‐treated mice had increased serum anti‐Smith and immunoglobulin G complex deposition in the kidney, heart, and brain consistent with SLE‐like etiology. Tissue analysis revealed significant enlargement of the spleen in both female and male R848‐treated mice, with only cardiac and renal enlargement in females compared to their respective controls. Echocardiographic imaging revealed left ventricular wall thickening by 4 weeks that was followed by a progressive increase in left ventricular internal diameters and subsequent decrease in ejection fraction over the 16‐week time course in female mice. We found that circulating levels of soluble vascular adhesion molecule‐1 and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 were increased in both female and male R848‐treated mice, whereas cardiac and renal fibrosis were significantly increased in only female R848‐treated mice.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that R848 treatment of SLE‐prone B6.Nba2 mice is a novel preclinical model to study the sex‐dependent pathophysiologic mechanisms of SLE‐like CVD.