bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the mint tribe Elsholtzieae (Nepetoideae, Lamiaceae), with an emphasis on its diversification in East Asia
Authors: Li Pan , Qi Zhe-Chen , Liu Lu-Xian , Ohi-Toma Tetsuo , Lee Joongku , Hsieh Tsung-Hsin , Fu Cheng-Xin , Cameron Kenneth M. , Qiu Ying-Xiong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElsholtziaand its allied genera such asCollinsoniaandPerilla(tribe Elsholtzieae, Lamiaceae) are an ecologically and economically important plant group consisting of ~71 species, with most species distributed in East and Southeast Asia, and several species in North America. Their phylogeny and historical biogeography resulting in a distant intercontinental disjunction are poorly understood. Here we use two nuclear (ETS, ITS) and five chloroplast (rbcL,matK,trnL-F,ycf1,ycf1-rps15) fragments to reconstruct the phylogeny, biogeographic history, and patterns of diversification of Elsholtzieae. The tribe Elsholtzieae is monophyletic and divided into five clades. The woodyElsholtziaspecies are nested within herbaceous ones and are inferred to have evolved from herbaceous ancestors. Molecular dating shows that the five major clades were established during the Eocene period, but most of the modern diversity did not originate until the Miocene. The divergence between the New WorldCollinsoniaand the Old WorldMosla-Keiskea-Perillaclade was dated to the mid-Miocene. Ancestral area reconstructions suggest that the tribe originated in East Asia, and then dispersed to Southeast Asia and North America. Overall, our findings highlight the important roles of the uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and climate changes from Middle Miocene onwards in promoting species diversification of Elsholtzieae.
Early Onset of Nucleate Boiling on Gas-covered Biphilic Surfaces
Authors: Shen Biao , Yamada Masayuki , Hidaka Sumitomo , Liu Jiewei , Shiomi Junichiro , Amberg Gustav , Do-Quang Minh , Kohno Masamichi , Takahashi Koji , Takata Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFor phase-change cooling schemes for electronics, quick activation of nucleate boiling helps safeguard the electronics components from thermal shocks associated with undesired surface superheating at boiling incipience, which is of great importance to the long-term system stability and reliability. Previous experimental studies show that bubble nucleation can occur surprisingly early on mixed-wettability surfaces. In this paper, we report unambiguous evidence that such unusual bubble generation at extremely low temperatures—even below the boiling point—is induced by a significant presence of incondensable gas retained by the hydrophobic surface, which exhibits exceptional stability even surviving extensive boiling deaeration. By means of high-speed imaging, it is revealed that the consequently gassy boiling leads to unique bubble behaviour that stands in sharp contrast with that of pure vapour bubbles. Such findings agree qualitatively well with numerical simulations based on a diffuse-interface method. Moreover, the simulations further demonstrate strong thermocapillary flows accompanying growing bubbles with considerable gas contents, which is associated with heat transfer enhancement on the biphilic surface in the low-superheat region.
Enzyme characteristics of pathogen-specific trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases
Authors: Cross Megan , Rajan Siji , Chekaiban Janine , Saunders Jake , Hamilton Chloe , Kim Jeong-Sun , Coster Mark J. , Gasser Robin B. , Hofmann Andreas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOwing to the key role of trehalose in pathogenic organisms, there has recently been growing interest in trehalose metabolism for therapeutic purposes. Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) is a pivotal enzyme in the most prominent biosynthesis pathway (OtsAB). Here, we compare the enzyme characteristics of recombinant TPPs from five important nematode and bacterial pathogens, including three novel members of this protein family. Analysis of the kinetics of trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolysis reveals that all five enzymes display a burst-like kinetic behaviour which is characterised by a decrease of the enzymatic rate after the pre-steady state. The observed super-stoichiometric burst amplitudes can be explained by multiple global conformational changes in members of this enzyme family during substrate processing. In the search for specific TPP inhibitors, the trapping of the complex conformational transitions in TPPs during the catalytic cycle may present a worthwhile strategy to explore.
Prognostic significance of TCF21 mRNA expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiao Jian , Liu Aibin , Lu Xiaoxiao , Chen Xi , Li Wei , He Shuya , He Bixiu , Chen Qiong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSeveral prognostic indicators have shown inconsistencies in patients of different genders with lung adenocarcinoma, indicating that these variations may be due to the different genetic background of males and females with lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we first used the Gene-Cloud of Biotechnology Information (GCBI) bioinformatics platform to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that eliminated gender differences between lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissues. Then, we screened out that transcription factor 21 (TCF21) is a hub gene among these DEGs by creating a gene co-expression network on the GCBI platform. Furthermore, we used the comprehensive survival analysis platforms Kaplan-Meier plotter and PrognoScan to assess the prognostic value of TCF21 expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Finally, we concluded that decreased mRNA expression of TCF21 is a predictor for poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
High-Performance PVC Gel for Adaptive Micro-Lenses with Variable Focal Length
Authors: Bae Jin Woo , Shin Eun-Jae , Jeong Jaeu , Choi Dong-Soo , Lee Jong Eun , Nam Byeong Uk , Lin Liwei , Kim Sang-Youn 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a bio-inspired adaptive micro-lens with electrically tunable focus made of non-ionic high-molecular-weight polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel. The optical device mimics the design of the crystalline lens and ciliary muscle of the human eye. It consists of a plano-convex PVC gel micro-lens on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass, confined with an annular electrode operating as an artificial ciliary muscle. Upon electrical activation, the electroactive adhesive force of the PVC gel is exerted on the annular anode electrode, which reduces the sagittal height of the plano-convex PVC gel lens, resulting in focal length variation of the micro-lens. The focal length increases from 3.8 mm to 22.3 mm as the applied field is varied from 200 V/mm to 800 V/mm, comparable to that of the human lens. The device combines excellent optical characteristics with structural simplicity, fast response speed, silent operation, and low power consumption. The results show the PVC gel micro-lens is expected to open up new perspectives on practical tunable optics.
Biaxial strain tuning of the optical properties of single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Frisenda Riccardo , Drüppel Matthias , Schmidt Robert , Michaelis de Vasconcellos Steffen , Perez de Lara David , Bratschitsch Rudolf , Rohlfing Michael , Castellanos-Gomez Andres 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSince their discovery, single-layer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted much attention, thanks to their outstanding optical and mechanical properties. Strain engineering in these two-dimensional materials aims to tune their bandgap energy and to modify their optoelectronic properties by the application of external strain. In this paper, we demonstrate that biaxial strain, both tensile and compressive, can be applied and released in a timescale of a few seconds in a reproducible way on transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers deposited on polymeric substrates. We can control the amount of biaxial strain applied by letting the substrate expand or compress. To do this, we change the substrate temperature and choose materials with a large thermal expansion coefficient. After the investigation of the substrate-dependent strain transfer, we performed micro-differential spectroscopy of four transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2) under the application of biaxial strain and measured their optical properties. For tensile strain, we observe a redshift of the bandgap that reaches a value as large as 95 meV/% in the case of single-layer WS2deposited on polypropylene. The observed bandgap shifts as a function of substrate extension/compression follow the order MoSe2 < MoS2 < WSe2 < WS2. Theoretical calculations of these four materials under biaxial strain predict the same trend for the material-dependent rates of the shift and reproduce well the features observed in the measured reflectance spectra.
Male Dispersal Pattern in Golden Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Qinling Mountains and its Conservation Implication
Authors: Huang Zhi-Pang , Bian Kun , Liu Yi , Pan Ru-Liang , Qi Xiao-Guang , Li Bao-Guo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGolden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is one of the most endangered primate species found in China, exhibiting multilevel society consisting of several one-male-females together with their offspring units (OMU), and all-male units (AMU). Female dispersal patterns of the species within herd have been well documented, whereas those of the males within or between herds are still poorly understood. Our results based a long-term observation indicate that more than half of sub-adult males, and half of the deposed males that stayed a short period in OMU disperse between herds, three of them established their own OMU in new herd after the dispersal. Smaller number of the sub-adult and adult males, compared with adult females, stayed in natal herd, implying sub-adult males started dispersing and male-biased dispersal occurred between herds. High frequencies of resident males were wounded as their OUMs were taken over, and resident males co-operation defend bachelor males were found. Mating competition among males within the herd may have contributed to the scenarios of male-biased dispersal. The results also suggest that maintaining connection between isolated herds and establishing the corridors among the fragmented habitats for the species will greatly benefit increasing its gene flow and promoting conservation status.
How Much Information Do People With Aphasia Convey via Gesture?
Authors: de Beer Carola , Carragher Marcella , van Nispen Karin , Hogrefe Katharina , de Ruiter Jan P. , Rose Miranda L. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
People with aphasia (PWA) face significant challenges in verbally expressing their communicative intentions. Different types of gestures are produced spontaneously by PWA, and a potentially compensatory function of these gestures has been discussed. The current study aimed to investigate how much information PWA communicate through 3 types of gesture and the communicative effectiveness of such gestures.

Method
Listeners without language impairment rated the information content of short video clips taken from PWA in conversation. Listeners were asked to rate communication within a speech-only condition and a gesture + speech condition.

Results
The results revealed that the participants' interpretations of the communicative intentions expressed in the clips of PWA were significantly more accurate in the gesture + speech condition for all tested gesture types.

Conclusion
It was concluded that all 3 gesture types under investigation contributed to the expression of semantic meaning communicated by PWA. Gestures are an important communicative means for PWA and should be regarded as such by their interlocutors. Gestures have been shown to enhance listeners' interpretation of PWA's overall communication.
Apoptosis and Vocal Fold Disease: Clinically Relevant Implications of Epithelial Cell Death
Authors: Novaleski Carolyn K. , Carter Bruce D. , Sivasankar M. Preeti , Ridner Sheila H. , Dietrich Mary S. , Rousseau Bernard 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Vocal fold diseases affecting the epithelium have a detrimental impact on vocal function. This review article provides an overview of apoptosis, the most commonly studied type of programmed cell death. Because apoptosis can damage epithelial cells, this article examines the implications of apoptosis on diseases affecting the vocal fold cover.

Method
A review of the extant literature was performed. We summarized the topics of epithelial tissue properties and apoptotic cell death, described what is currently understood about apoptosis in the vocal fold, and proposed several possible explanations for how the role of abnormal apoptosis during wound healing may be involved in vocal pathology.

Results and Conclusions
Apoptosis plays an important role in maintaining normal epithelial tissue function. The biological mechanisms responsible for vocal fold diseases of epithelial origin are only beginning to emerge. This article discusses speculations to explain the potential role of deficient versus excessive rates of apoptosis and how disorganized apoptosis may contribute to the development of common diseases of the vocal folds.
The Relationship Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population
Authors: Schieffer Kathleen M. , Connor James R. , Pawelczyk James A. , Sekhar Deepa L. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
A correlation between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was described in adults. In this study, we examined if there is a relationship between IDA and hearing loss in the pediatric population.

Method
This was a retrospective cohort study of data collected from the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside database from 2011 to 2016. Children and adolescents 4–21 years old seen at Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, were examined for hearing loss and IDA status. Hearing loss was determined by International Classification of Disease-9 and -10 codes, and IDA was determined by both low hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels for age and sex.

Results
We identified 20,113 patients. Prevalence of hearing loss and IDA was 1.7% and 2.3%, respectively. The prevalence of all hearing loss was 3.0% in the IDA cohort and 1.7% in those without IDA. Children and adolescents with IDA are at increased odds of developing SNHL (adjusted odds ratio: 3.67, 95% CI [1.60–7.30]).

Conclusions
Children with IDA demonstrate increased likelihood of SNHL. Although correction of IDA in those with hearing loss has yet to be linked to improvements in hearing outcomes, screening for and correcting IDA among pediatric patients will positively affect overall health status.

Supplemental Material:
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5087071
Single‐stage soft‐switched PWM flyback power factor correction with reduced dead angle
Authors: Tavassol Mohammad Mehdi , Farzanehfard Hosein , Adib Ehsan 
Published: May 2017

This study proposes a single‐stage zero‐voltage transition pulse width modulation (PWM) flybackpower factor correction converter. The bulk capacitor voltage is controlled byusing negative magnetic feedback (NMF) without any input current dead angle. Inthe proposed circuit, the main and auxiliary switches turn on and off underzero‐voltage switching and zero‐current switching conditions, respectively. Theproposed auxiliary circuit provides soft switching condition while eliminatingthe dead angle caused by NMF winding. Thus, high‐efficiency and high‐powerfactor is achieved. Experimental results obtained from a 160 V/300 W circuit areprovided to verify that the proposed structure can suppress the dead angle atzero crossing and soft switching of all switches can be achieved properly.
Fabrication of piezoelectric vibration energy harvester using coatable PolyVinylidene DiFluoride and its characterisation
Authors: Takise Hiroki , Takahashi Tomokazu , Suzuki Masato , Aoyagi Seiji 
Published: May 2017

A cantilever‐type vibration energy harvester (VEH) made of PolyVinylidene DiFluoride (PVDF) was fabricated and characterised. PVDF is one of polymer piezoelectric material, which is more flexible than ceramic‐based piezoelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate. Since PVDF dissolves in organic solvent, it is coatable on substrate or parts, making it compatible with micro electro mechanical systems process. The fabrication process of VEH is as follows: a PVDF film (thickness: 30 µm) was coated on a phosphor bronze rectangular plate (length: 35 mm, width: 15 mm, thickness: 0.1 mm) by bar‐coating method, followed by polarisation by corona discharge method. Aluminium top electrode (length: 30 mm, width: 10 mm, thickness: 0.3 μm) was deposited on the PVDF film by DC sputtering. One end of the plate was clamped by a fixture to form a cantilever, the length of which is 25 mm. Finally, a proof mass (m = 0.2 g) was attached to the free end of cantilever. Output power P at resonant frequency (= 55 Hz) was measured as a function of load resistance R, in which acceleration was set to 17 m/s2. Maximum output of 4.3 µW was achieved at R = 2.1 MΩ, which is not inferior to those of reported VEHs using ceramic piezoelectric materials.
Donor-Site Outcomes for the Osteocutaneous Radial Forearm Free Flap
Authors: Satteson Adam , Waltonen Joshua , Li Zhongyu , Wiesler Ethan , Apel Peter , Graves Benjamin , Satteson Ellen 
Published: May 2017

Background This study sought to characterize the donor-site complications associated with the osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (ORFFF) used for mandibular reconstruction, as well as to compare donor-site complications between the ORFFF and fasciocutaneous radial forearm free flap (FRFFF).
Methods An Institution Review Board approved, retrospective review identified all ORFFF and FRFFF performed for head and neck reconstruction with a single otolaryngology surgeon at an academic medical center over a 3-year period. Patients requiring an ORFFF underwent harvest of half of the diaphyseal diameter of the radius with prophylactic plating performed by hand surgeons. Donor-site outcomes including infection, skin graft loss, tendon exposure, neuropathy, radius fracture, hardware complications, and need for additional donor-site surgery were compared.
Results In this study, 25 patients underwent ORFFF harvest, and 52 underwent FRFFF harvest. There was one radius fracture occurring in association with a hardware infection requiring reoperation. No fractures or other major donor-site complications were seen in the FRFFF group. Similar rates of minor complications were noted with skin graft take less than 50% in 4% (n = 1) and 8% (n = 4) with ORFFF and FRFFF, respectively, and tendon exposure in 8% (n = 2) and 15% (n = 8) with ORFFF and FRFFF, respectively. No soft tissue infections or sensory neuropathies were seen. Mean follow-up was 14.2 months for the ORFFF group and 11.7 months for the FRFFF group.
Conclusion The risk of fracture following ORFFF harvest with prophylactic plating is small. Other donor-site complication rates were similar with both flap techniques.
New Genes for Epilepsy–Autism Comorbidity
Authors: Ishii Atsushi , Hirose Shinichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSimilar genetic abnormalities have been demonstrated for epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Genetic syndromes, such as fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis, also have high rates of comorbidity with epilepsy and ASD. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing has identified common genetic abnormalities in epilepsy and ASD, and recurrent de novo gene alterations can be recognized as mutations if there is sufficient evidence for pathogenicity. Such mutations occur in SCN2A and GRIN2B. SCN2A encodes the α2 subunit of the Nav1.2 neuronal voltage-gated Na+ channel, which is mutated in several genetically mediated epilepsies. GRIN2B encodes a subtype of the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor and is mutated in epileptic encephalopathies, which often present with features of ASD. In addition, KCNT1 encodes the Na+-dependent K+ channel known as Slack. Mutations in KCNT1 produce several epilepsy phenotypes, including autosomal dominant frontal lobe epilepsy, which often includes features of ASD. Slack also has an intracellular fragile X mental retardation protein-binding domain, which is significant in its relationship with intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, DEPDC5 mutations produce autosomal dominant familial focal epilepsy with variable foci and may contribute to ASD. DEPDC5 encodes a regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is also affected by tuberous sclerosis mutations, suggesting that “mTORopathy” may underlie both epilepsy and ASD. Mutations in PCDH19 also produce an epilepsy syndrome that exclusively affects heterozygous females and is associated with ASD. The genetic similarities between ASD and epilepsy provide insight into the pathological molecular mechanisms of both conditions and therefore may be useful for understanding clinical outcomes.
European Pediatric Surgical Training
Authors: Schmedding Andrea , Czauderna Piotr , Rolle Udo 
Published: May 2017

Introduction Pediatric surgery is essential for the surgical treatment of children in Europe and is generally a well-accepted specialty in Europe. There are still limited data on the training conditions within the European national associations of pediatric surgery.
Materials and Methods A questionnaire designed by the executive committee of UEMS Section of Pediatric Surgery was distributed among all ordinary and associated UEMS members, which have national pediatric surgical associations, and to Russia. These questionnaires were completed by colleagues of the national associations and returned to the authors.
Results In this study, 29 out of 37 (78%) national associations of pediatric surgery answered the questionnaire. In 90% of these countries, pediatric surgery is a distinct specialty. Training usually starts with a common surgical trunk (75%) of 1 to 2 years; the whole training lasts ∼6 years. Nonsurgical parts of the training, such as pediatrics, are part of the training program in 54% of countries. The content of the training comprises general pediatric surgery and newborn surgery in all countries, pediatric surgical oncology and pediatric urology in most countries, and pediatric traumatology and pediatric neurosurgery only in some countries. More than 90% of countries use a training logbook, and 79% require a final examination. The European Board of Pediatric Surgery exam is recognized only in 54% of the countries.
Conclusion This study reveals that a uniform training schedule in pediatric surgery throughout Europe has not been achieved. This situation mandates urgent attempt to harmonize both training curricula and final exams at European level.