bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metacommunity detectives: Confronting models based on niche and stochastic assembly scenarios with empirical data from a tropical stream network
Authors: Valente‐Neto Francisco , Durães Lucas , Siqueira Tadeu , Roque Fabio O. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Metacommunity models predict that species richness and composition patterns in communities are determined predominantly by environmental selection and dispersal, with speciation and drift playing a lesser role. In the tropics, our understanding about these processes comes almost purely from empirical data; there is lack of formal confrontation between models and data.

Here, we evaluated if a metacommunity simulation model designed for riverine networks could predict insect diversity patterns observed in a tropical stream network within the Atlantic Forest biome. Our individual‐oriented model simulated biological processes, including dispersal of adults, oviposition, dispersal of larvae, colonisation and mortality. We used this model to simulate communities considering three assembly scenarios (niche, niche–stochastic and stochastic) and three flight dispersal ability groups (low, medium and high). To parameterise the model, we used data from 97 riffle communities, distributed along a stream network, and biological data from the literature.

For the high dispersal ability group, none of the assembly scenarios significantly predicted the observed richness and community dissimilarity. The niche–stochastic assembly scenario, however, provided a better approximation of observed richness and community dissimilarity for the medium and low dispersal ability groups.

Our results show that deterministic and stochastic processes combine to better explain observed aquatic insect diversity patterns. Although simulations were limited to similar explanatory power to studies using pattern‐oriented approaches, our findings highlight the promise of a more predictive use of metacommunity simulation models.
Identifying biomechanical gait parameters in adolescent boys with haemophilia using principal component analysis
Authors: Suckling L. B. , Stephensen D. , Cramp M. C. , Mahaffey R. , Drechsler W. I. 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionImprovements in the medical management for those with haemophilia have resulted in improved clinical outcomes. However, current treatment regimens do not alleviate all joint haemarthroses with the potential for long‐term joint deterioration remaining. The evaluation of functional activities such as gait, using standardized tools to monitor children with haemophilia is emerging.AimThis study explored differences in sagittal plane biomechanics of walking in adolescent boys aged 11‐18 years with haemophilia and an age‐matched group of typically developing boys.MethodsA motion capture system and 2 force platforms were used to collect sagittal plane kinematic, kinetic and temporal spatial data during level walking. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to kinematic and kinetic waveform variables. Group differences in temporal spatial and principal component scores for each kinematic and kinetic variable were evaluated using independent t tests.ResultsSignificant alterations (P < .05) in temporal spatial and kinetic parameters were found in adolescent boys with haemophilia. Compared with typically developing adolescent boys, boys with haemophilia walked with reduced stance phase duration and altered pattern of external ankle joint moments during push off and the beginning of swing.ConclusionThe use of PCA rather than predetermined discriminatory variables provided additional insight into biomechanical alterations in adolescent boys with haemophilia, with adaptations occurring during terminal double support and early swing, affecting the ankle joint. This finding might be a key biomechanical marker that could be used to evaluate the joint function and the progression of early haemophilic arthropathy.
Clinical parameters before and after the transition to dialysis
Authors: Maddux Dugan W. , Usvyat Len A. , Ketchersid Terry , Jiao Yue , Blanchard Tommy C. , Kotanko Peter , van der Sande Frank M. , Kooman Jeroen P. , Maddux Franklin W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroduction: The transition from pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) to post‐dialysis start is a critical period associated with high patient mortality and increased hospital admissions. Little is known about the trends of key clinical and laboratory parameters through this time of transition to start dialysis.Methods: De‐identified data including demographics, vital signs, lab results, and eGFR from the Fresenius Medical Care‐CKD Registry were analyzed to determine trends in clinical and laboratory parameters through the time of transition from 12 months pre‐dialysis start to 12 months post‐dialysis start. Trends in key clinical and laboratory parameters associated with cardiovascular, nutritional, mineral metabolism and inflammatory domains were examined in association with the transition to dialysis start and first year dialysis survival.Findings: All parameters show divergence for patients who survive vs. do not survive the first year of dialysis. Of note, during pre‐dialysis CKD the absolute systolic blood pressure (SBP) level is lower and the slope for SBP decline is significantly steeper for patients who do not survive the first year on dialysis.Discussion: This study uniquely demonstrates the trajectories of key parameters though the transition from pre‐dialysis to post‐dialysis start. Significant differences are noted in the pre‐dialysis period for patients who survive vs. those who do not survive the first year of dialysis. Early recognition of adverse trends in the pre‐dialysis period may create opportunity to intervene to improve early dialysis outcomes.
Tag location and risk assessment for passive integrated transponder‐tagging passerines
Authors: Oswald Krista N. , Evlambiou Anthony A. , Ribeiro Ângela M. , Smit Ben 
Published: November 2017

Understanding changes in body temperature is central to several fields in biology, but determining these changes accurately without harming or restraining individuals can be challenging, particularly for small species. We tested first whether body temperature readings differed between passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags injected subcutaneously inter‐scapulae (i.e. solely through the skin) and intra‐peritoneally (through the skin and abdominal muscle wall) and, secondly, whether intra‐peritoneal tag injuries differed among three weight classes of passerines. We found no significant difference in body temperature readings between subcutaneous inter‐scapulae and intra‐peritonealPIT‐tags, and observed that the intra‐peritoneal injection ofPIT‐tags may cause adverse effects among smaller (<25 g) birds. Our findings suggest a reduced gradient between core and peripheral body temperature in small species, which to the best of our knowledge has not yet been quantified. We further show that the risk of detrimental injury was greatest in small species, and thus recommend implantingPIT‐tags subcutaneously between the scapulae for smaller birds.
Factors contributing to managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers: A systematic review
Authors: Gunawan Joko , Aungsuroch Yupin , Fisher Mary L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsTo determine the factors contributing to managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers.BackgroundUnderstanding factors affecting managerial competence of nurse managers remains important to increase the performance of organizations; however, there is sparse research examining factors that influence managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesThe search strategy was conducted from April to July 2017 that included 6 electronic databases: Science Direct, PROQUEST Dissertations and Theses, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for the years 2000 to 2017 with full text in English. Quantitative and qualitative research papers that examined relationships among managerial competence and antecedent factors were included.Review methodsQuality assessment, data extractions, and analysis were completed on all included studies. Content analysis was used to categorize factors into themes.ResultsEighteen influencing factors were examined and categorized into 3 themes—organizational factors, characteristics and personality traits of individual managers, and role factors.ConclusionFindings suggest that managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers is multifactorial. Further research is needed to develop strategies to develop managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers.
A model delineating the dielectric spectra of a relaxor PLZT obtained by impedance analyzer
Authors: Hong Chang‐Hyo , Jo Wook 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe origin of the dielectric responses of relaxor ferroelectrics, featured by a signal dispersion according to the measurement frequency, were investigated systematically using a canonical relaxor Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.98O3 (PLZT 8/65/35) ceramic. By scanning complex dielectric permittivity over a frequency range from 10 mHz to 10 MHz as a function of temperature from 0°C to 100°C, we revealed that the complex dielectric permittivity spectra obtained from an impedance analyzer are a consequence of a convolution of at least three distinct relaxation processes, featured by the unique relaxation time and distribution. The complex dielectric permittivity spectra at each measurement temperature were deconvoluted by the application of a series of Havriliak‐Negami relaxation models, resulting in three distinguished processes; namely, slow, intermediate, and fast process. We identified that the fast process is responsible for the overall magnitude of capacitance with little influence on the dielectric loss, the intermediate mainly for the thermal evolution of the capacitance, and the slow mainly for the thermal evolution of the loss. With this model, we successfully rationalized the characteristics of the relaxor behavior such as the frequency dispersion of the dielectric maxima, the disparity in peak positions of real and imaginary parts, and the unique feature during aging, so‐called a “dip.”
Job satisfaction, work environment and successful ageing: Determinants of delaying retirement among acute care nurses
Authors: Wargo‐Sugleris Michele , Robbins Wendie , Lane Christianne Joy , Phillips Linda. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo determine the relationships between job satisfaction, work environment and successful ageing and how these factors relate to Registered Nurses’ intent to retire.BackgroundAlthough little studied, retention of older nurses by delaying early retirement, before age 65, is an important topic for research. Qualitative and quantitative studies have indicated that job satisfaction work environment and successful ageing are key motivators in acute care Registered Nurses retention and/or delaying retirement. This study was designed to provide information to administrators and policy makers about retaining older, experienced RNs longer and more productively.DesignThis was a correlational, descriptive, cross‐sectional study.MethodsAn online survey of acute care Registered Nurses (N = 2,789) aged 40 years or older working in Florida was conducted from September ‐ October 2013. Participants completed items related to job satisfaction, work environment, successful ageing and individual characteristics. Hypotheses derived from the modified Ellenbecker's Job Retention Model were tested using regression analysis.ResultsJob satisfaction scores were high. Highest satisfaction was with scheduling issues and co‐workers; lowest with advancement opportunities. Successful ageing scores were also high with 81% reporting excellent or good health. Work environment explained 55% of the variance in job satisfaction. Years to retirement were significantly associated with successful ageing (p < .001), age (p < .001) and income (p < .010).ConclusionsThis study provides quantitative evidence that environment and successful ageing are important areas that have an impact on job satisfaction and delay of retirement in older nurses and further studies in these areas are warranted to expand on this knowledge.
Can the positive effects of inspiration be extended to different domains?
Authors: Klein Jack W. , Case Trevor I. , Fitness Julie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is presently unknown whether inspiration extends across different domains: can a salesperson, for example, be inspired by a successful athlete? The present study investigated whether inspirational content must be relevant to a subsequent task to improve performance. Participants (N = 70) wrote about a time they felt inspired in a sporting context (domain‐relevant), creative context (domain‐irrelevant); or amused (positive control). Participants then held a handgrip, with the option of giving up or continuing to exhaustion. Regardless of the relevance of the inspirational content to the performance task, inspired participants were less likely to give up than controls. This is the first research to show that the benefits of inspiration reach beyond the domain defined by the inspiring event.
Social dominance and interpersonal power: Asymmetrical relationships within hierarchy‐enhancing and hierarchy‐attenuating work environments
Authors: Aiello Antonio , Tesi Alessio , Pratto Felicia , Pierro Antonio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe studied whether high‐social dominant employees sustain hierarchies in different hierarchy‐enhancing and hierarchy‐attenuating organizations endorsing harsh and soft power tactics. We found that social dominance orientation was positively associated with harsh power tactics, and negatively associated with soft power tactics. Employees higher in social dominance orientation endorsed harsh and opposed to soft power tactics as respectively hierarchy‐enhancing and hierarchy‐attenuating legitimizing myths that promote a dominant‐submissive form of intergroup relationships. We also found that supervisors higher in social dominance, due to their dominant position, strongly opposed soft power tactics more than subordinates did. Amongst high‐social dominant employees in the hierarchy‐attenuating (vs. hierarchy‐enhancing) organization, we observed the strongest opposition to soft power tactics, which are the tactics most shared in an organization which tends to attenuate hierarchies.
Disulfiram combined with copper inhibits metastasis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma through the NF‐κB and TGF‐β pathways
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Li‐Hui , Zhang Hao‐Tian , Wang Ya‐Ting , Liu Shuai , Zhou Wen‐Long , Yuan Xiang‐Zhong , Li Tian‐Yang , Wu Chun‐Fu , Yang Jing‐Yu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually has a low survival rate because of the high risk of metastases and the lack of an effective cure. Disulfiram (DSF) has copper (Cu)‐dependent anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. The present work aims to explore the anti‐metastasis effects and molecular mechanisms of DSF/Cu on HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that DSF inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Cu improved the anti‐metastatic activity of DSF, while Cu alone had no effect. Furthermore, DSF/Cu inhibited both NF‐κB and TGF‐β signalling, including the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB subunits and the expression of Smad4, leading to down‐regulation of Snail and Slug, which contributed to phenotype epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, DSF/Cu inhibited the lung metastasis of Hep3B cells not only in a subcutaneous tumour model but also in an orthotopic liver metastasis assay. These results indicated that DSF/Cu suppressed the metastasis and EMT of hepatic carcinoma through NF‐κB and TGF‐β signalling. Our study indicates the potential of DSF/Cu for therapeutic use.
Salidroside attenuates neuroinflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury through microglia polarization regulation
Authors: Wang Chenggui , Wang Qingqing , Lou Yiting , Xu Jianxiang , Feng Zhenhua , Chen Yu , Tang Qian , Zheng Gang , Zhang Zengjie , Wu Yaosen , Tian Naifeng , Zhou Yifei , Xu Huazi , Zhang Xiaolei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disease; however, few drugs have been proved to treat SCI effectively. Neuroinflammation is the major pathogenesis of SCI secondary injury and considered to be the therapeutic target of SCI. Salidroside (Sal) has been reported to exert anti‐inflammatory effects in airway, adipose and myocardial tissue; however, the role of Sal in SCI therapeutics has not been clarified. In this study, we showed that Sal could improve the functional recovery of spinal cord in rats as revealed by increased BBB locomotor rating scale, angle of incline, and decreased cavity of spinal cord injury and apoptosis of neurons in vivo. Immunofluorescence double staining of microglia marker and M1/M2 marker demonstrated that Sal could suppress M1 microglia polarization and activate M2 microglia polarization in vivo. To verify how Sal exerts its effects on microglia polarization and neuron protection, we performed the mechanism study in vitro in microglia cell line BV‐2 and neuron cell line PC12. The results showed that Sal prevents apoptosis of PC12 cells in coculture with LPS‐induced M1 BV‐2 microglia, also the inflammatory secretion phenotype of M1 BV‐2 microglia was suppressed by Sal, and further studies demonstrated that autophagic flux regulation through AMPK/mTOR pathway was involved in Sal regulated microglia polarization after SCI. Overall, our study illustrated that Sal could promote spinal cord injury functional recovery in rats, and the mechanism may relate to its microglia polarization modulation through AMPK‐/mTOR‐mediated autophagic flux stimulation.
Public Attention, Governmental Bargaining, and Supranational Activism: Explaining European Integration in Response to Crises
Authors: Degner Hanno 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhy and how do crises cause European integration? Going beyond case‐ and policy area‐specific analyses, the present paper develops a general, liberal intergovernmentalist model of the crisis‐integration link. The empirical process‐tracing test of this model is performed on two diverse cases of crises: the BSE Crisis 1996–2002 and the Euro Crisis 2010–13. The original analysis of primary documents and newspaper articles reveals that, as theoretically expected, crises stir high public attention and thus turn policy change in the affected policy areas into a salient issue for governments. This opens a ‘window of opportunity’ for domestic actors to approach their governments with change proposals. Governmental cost–benefit calculations, the distribution of bargaining power at the EU level, as well as supranational activism then explain deeper European integration in response to a crisis. With these findings, the present paper contributes to a broader understanding of the mechanisms of European integration in exceptional times.
Editorial: What is depression?
Authors: Stringaris Argyris 
Published: November 2017

‘Depression is a common, debilitating, and potentially lethal disorder.’ This is a standard opening to many a scientific paper on depression. And it is often followed by some very grim statistics. Over 300 million people in the world are estimated to live with depression, and the disorder is ranked by WHO as the single largest contributor to global disability. Most worryingly, adolescents with major depressive disorder are up to 30 times more likely to commit suicide.Yet, what exactly is depression? Do all 300 million depressed people in the world suffer from the same thing, with the same aetiology? Is depression one disorder that comes in different shades of severity or is it best thought of as heterogeneous mix of problems that we have given one common name to? And, more practically, should we be treating all depression in similar ways?
Natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic genus Pandora on spittlebug pests of crops and pastures in Argentina
Authors: Foieri A. , Pedrini N. , Toledo A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe natural occurrence of entomophathogenic fungi infecting spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) considered serious pests to pasture grasses and crops in Argentina was investigated during summer˗autumn (December to May) from 2013 to 2016. Adults and nymphs of spittlebugs were collected from Sorghum halepense and Setaria parviflora var. parviflora in San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán province. The entomopathogenic fungal species were characterized on the basis of morphological keys and molecular techniques. Microscopic characters were described from material mounted in lactophenol/aceto‐orcein (1% w/v), and the amplification of the fungal SSU rDNA was carried out using the universal primers nu‐SSU‐0021‐5′ and nu‐SSU‐1780‐3′. Summarized information about occurrence of fungal infections on spittlebugs populations is provided. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of the genus Pandora infecting adults of the economically important spittlebugs Deois (Deois) mourei, D. (D.) knoblauchii, Isozulia christenseni christenseni and Notozulia entreriana from Argentina expanding the host range and geographical distribution of entomophthoralean fungi.
Statistical modelling of sea lice count data from salmon farms in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Gislason H 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFiskaaling regularly counts the number of sea lice in the attached development stages (chalimus, mobiles and adult) for the salmon farms in the Faroe Islands. A statistical model of the data is developed. In the model, the sea‐lice infection is represented by the chalimus (or mobile) lice developing into adult lice and is used to simulate past and current levels of adult lice—including treatments—as well as to predict the adult sea lice level 1–2 months into the future. Time series of the chalimus and adult lice show cross‐correlations that shift in time and grow in size with temperature. This implies in situ the temperature‐dependent development times of about 56 down to 42 days and the inverted development times (growth rates) of 0.018 up to 0.024 lice/day at 8–10°C. The temperature dependence is approximated by days at the mean temperature 8.5°C—similar to days from EWOS data. The observed development times at four sites for a year (2010–11) were 49, 50, 51 and 52 days, respectively. Finally, we estimate the sea lice production from fish farms to discuss approaches to control the sea lice epidemics—preferably by natural means. This study is useful for understanding sea lice levels and treatments, and for in situ analysis of the sea‐lice development times and growth rates.