bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of macrophages in the susceptibility of Fc gamma receptor IIb deficient mice to Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Surawut Saowapha , Ondee Thunnicha , Taratummarat Sujittra , Palaga Tanapat , Pisitkun Prapaporn , Chindamporn Ariya , Leelahavanichkul Asada 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDysfunctional polymorphisms of FcγRIIb, an inhibitory receptor, are associated with Systemic Lupus Erythaematosus (SLE). Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection in SLE, perhaps due to the de novo immune defect. We investigated cryptococcosis in the FcγRIIb−/− mouse-lupus-model. Mortality, after intravenous C. neoformans-induced cryptococcosis, in young (8-week-old) and older (24-week-old) FcγRIIb−/− mice, was higher than in age-matched wild-types. Severe cryptococcosis in the FcγRIIb−/− mice was demonstrated by high fungal burdens in the internal organs with histological cryptococcoma-like lesions and high levels of TNF-α and IL-6, but not IL-10. Interestingly, FcγRIIb−/− macrophages demonstrated more prominent phagocytosis but did not differ in killing activity in vitro and the striking TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 levels, compared to wild-type cells. Indeed, in vivo macrophage depletion with liposomal clodronate attenuated the fungal burdens in FcγRIIb−/− mice, but not wild-type mice. When administered to wild-type mice, FcγRIIb−/− macrophages with phagocytosed Cryptococcus resulted in higher fungal burdens than FcγRIIb+/+ macrophages with phagocytosed Cryptococcus. These results support, at least in part, a model whereby, in FcγRIIb−/− mice, enhanced C. neoformans transmigration occurs through infected macrophages. In summary, prominent phagocytosis, with limited effective killing activity, and high pro-inflammatory cytokine production by FcγRIIb−/− macrophages were correlated with more severe cryptococcosis in FcγRIIb−/− mice.
Initiation and growth kinetics of solidification cracking during welding of steel
Authors: Aucott L. , Huang D. , Dong H. B. , Wen S. W. , Marsden J. A. , Rack A. , Cocks A. C. F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSolidification cracking is a key phenomenon associated with defect formation during welding. To elucidate the failure mechanisms, solidification cracking during arc welding of steel are investigated in situ with high-speed, high-energy synchrotron X-ray radiography. Damage initiates at relatively low true strain of about 3.1% in the form of micro-cavities at the weld subsurface where peak volumetric strain and triaxiality are localised. The initial micro-cavities, with sizes from 10 × 10−6 m to 27 × 10−6m, are mostly formed in isolation as revealed by synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography. The growth of micro-cavities is driven by increasing strain induced to the solidifying steel. Cavities grow through coalescence of micro-cavities to form micro-cracks first and then through the propagation of micro-cracks. Cracks propagate from the core of the weld towards the free surface along the solidifying grain boundaries at a speed of 2–3 × 10−3 m s−1.
Facile Synthesis of Highly Crystalline and Large Areal Hexagonal Boron Nitride from Borazine Oligomers
Authors: Park Sungchan , Seo Tae Hoon , Cho Hyunjin , Min Kyung Hyun , Lee Dong Su , Won Dong-Il , Kang Sang Ook , Kim Myung Jong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA novel and facile synthetic method for h-BN films from borazine oligomer (B3N3H4)x precursors has been developed. This method only includes spin-coating of borazine oligomer onto nickel catalysts and a subsequent annealing step. Large areal and highly crystalline h-BN films were obtained. The stoichiometric B/N ratio of borazine oligomer precursor was preserved in the final h-BN product such that it was close to 1 as revealed by XPS. Catalytic effect of nickel for h-BN formation was clearly demonstrated by lowering crystallization temperature compared to the growth condition in the absence of catalyst. The graphene field effect transistor (GFET) characterization has proved the high quality synthesis of h-BN films, showing the shift of neutrality point and the increase of the mobility. This method can also provide functional h-BN coating on various surfaces by annealing Ni-coated borazine oligomer films and subsequent removal of Ni catalyst.
Long-term MODIS observations of cyanobacterial dynamics in Lake Taihu: Responses to nutrient enrichment and meteorological factors
Authors: Shi Kun , Zhang Yunlin , Zhou Yongqiang , Liu Xiaohan , Zhu Guangwei , Qin Boqiang , Gao Guang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe developed and validated an empirical model for estimating chlorophyll a concentrations (Chla) in Lake Taihu to generate a long-term Chla and algal bloom area time series from MODIS-Aqua observations for 2003 to 2013. Then, based on the long-term time series data, we quantified the responses of cyanobacterial dynamics to nutrient enrichment and climatic conditions. Chla showed substantial spatial and temporal variability. In addition, the annual mean cyanobacterial surface bloom area exhibited an increasing trend across the entire lake from 2003 to 2013, with the exception of 2006 and 2007. High air temperature and phosphorus levels in the spring can prompt cyanobacterial growth, and low wind speeds and low atmospheric pressure levels favor cyanobacterial surface bloom formation. The sensitivity of cyanobacterial dynamics to climatic conditions was found to vary by region. Our results indicate that temperature is the most important factor controlling Chla inter-annual variability followed by phosphorus and that air pressure is the most important factor controlling cyanobacterial surface bloom formation followed by wind speeds in Lake Taihu.
Etalon Array Reconstructive Spectrometry
Authors: Huang Eric , Ma Qian , Liu Zhaowei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCompact spectrometers are crucial in areas where size and weight may need to be minimized. These types of spectrometers often contain no moving parts, which makes for an instrument that can be highly durable. With the recent proliferation in low-cost and high-resolution cameras, camera-based spectrometry methods have the potential to make portable spectrometers small, ubiquitous, and cheap. Here, we demonstrate a novel method for compact spectrometry that uses an array of etalons to perform spectral encoding, and uses a reconstruction algorithm to recover the incident spectrum. This spectrometer has the unique capability for both high resolution and a large working bandwidth without sacrificing sensitivity, and we anticipate that its simplicity makes it an excellent candidate whenever a compact, robust, and flexible spectrometry solution is needed.
The Politics of Homelessness in the United States
Authors: Williams Jean Calterone 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
As the United States grapples with increasing economic inequality and significant poverty, homelessness represents a thorny political and policy issue. This article explores the debates that contrast two primary responses to homelessness, Housing First and the linear, or treatment first, model. Both are employed to address homelessness, though Housing First has been directed almost exclusively to chronic homeless people who are on the streets for long periods of time and contend with mental illness and substance abuse problems. By reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of each type of policy, this article analyzes the philosophy underlying each approach and its impact on homeless people.
Association of Intended Route of Delivery and Maternal Morbidity in Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Easter Sarah Rae , Robinson Julian N. , Lieberman Ellice , Carusi Daniela 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate maternal morbidity in twin pregnancies according to intended mode of delivery.

METHODS:
We assembled a 7-year retrospective cohort (2007–2014) of women delivering viable, vertex-presenting twins at or beyond 32 weeks of gestation without contraindication to labor or uterine scar. We classified women as undergoing a trial of labor to attempt vaginal birth or choosing an elective cesarean delivery. Our primary outcome was a measure of composite maternal morbidity including death, postpartum hemorrhage, infection, major procedure, readmission for infection or reoperation, need for dilation and evacuation for hemorrhage or infection, venous thromboembolism, small bowel obstruction or ileus, or intensive care unit admission. Postpartum hemorrhage was defined as estimated blood loss greater than or equal to 1,500 mL or need for transfusion. The rate of lacerations in each group was also determined. Using logistic regression to control for confounders, we examined the odds of maternal morbidity according to intended mode of delivery.

RESULTS:
Of 2,272 twin pregnancies at or beyond 32 weeks of gestation, 1,140 (50%) met inclusion criteria with 571 (50%) electing cesarean delivery and 569 (50%) undergoing a trial of labor to attempt vaginal birth. Vaginal delivery of both twins was achieved in 74% (n=418) of women choosing a trial of labor. The rate of maternal morbidity was 12.3% in the trial of labor group compared with 9.1% in the elective cesarean delivery group (P=.08, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.4). Postpartum hemorrhage was more common among women who attempted vaginal delivery (n=52) compared with those electing cesarean delivery (n=28) with rates of 9.1% compared with 4.9%, respectively (P<.01, adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.6) and was responsible for the difference in the composite morbidity rate between groups.

CONCLUSION:
When adjustment is made for potential confounders, women undergoing a trial of labor with twins experience a higher odds of maternal morbidity than those electing cesarean delivery, primarily as a result of hemorrhage. In pragmatic terms, the tradeoff for a 74% chance of vaginal delivery is a 4% absolute increase in the rate of serious postpartum hemorrhage.
Delirium in Critically Ill Children: An International Point Prevalence Study*
Authors: Traube Chani , Silver Gabrielle , Reeder Ron W. , Doyle Hannah , Hegel Emily , Wolfe Heather A. , Schneller Christopher , Chung Melissa G. , Dervan Leslie A. , DiGennaro Jane L. , Buttram Sandra D. W. , Kudchadkar Sapna R. , Madden Kate , Hartman Mary E. , deAlmeida Mary L. , Walson Karen , Ista Erwin , Baarslag Manuel A , Salonia Rosanne , Beca John , Long Debbie , Kawai Yu , Cheifetz Ira M. , Gelvez Javier , Truemper Edward J. , Smith Rebecca L. , Peters Megan E. , O’Meara AM Iqbal , Murphy Sarah , Bokhary Abdulmohsen , Greenwald Bruce M. , Bell Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:
To determine prevalence of delirium in critically ill children and explore associated risk factors.

Design:
Multi-institutional point prevalence study.

Setting:
Twenty-five pediatric critical care units in the United States, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia, and Saudi Arabia.

Patients:
All children admitted to the pediatric critical care units on designated study days (n = 994).

Intervention:
Children were screened for delirium using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium by the bedside nurse. Demographic and treatment-related variables were collected.

Measurements and Main Results:
Primary study outcome measure was prevalence of delirium. In 159 children, a final determination of mental status could not be ascertained. Of the 835 remaining subjects, 25% screened positive for delirium, 13% were classified as comatose, and 62% were delirium-free and coma-free. Delirium prevalence rates varied significantly with reason for ICU admission, with highest delirium rates found in children admitted with an infectious or inflammatory disorder. For children who were in the PICU for 6 or more days, delirium prevalence rate was 38%. In a multivariate model, risk factors independently associated with development of delirium included age less than 2 years, mechanical ventilation, benzodiazepines, narcotics, use of physical restraints, and exposure to vasopressors and antiepileptics.

Conclusions:
Delirium is a prevalent complication of critical illness in children, with identifiable risk factors. Further multi-institutional, longitudinal studies are required to investigate effect of delirium on long-term outcomes and possible preventive and treatment measures. Universal delirium screening is practical and can be implemented in pediatric critical care units.
Cell fixation and preservation for droplet-based single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Alles Jonathan , Karaiskos Nikos , Praktiknjo Samantha D. , Grosswendt Stefanie , Wahle Philipp , Ruffault Pierre-Louis , Ayoub Salah , Schreyer Luisa , Boltengagen Anastasiya , Birchmeier Carmen , Zinzen Robert , Kocks Christine , Rajewsky Nikolaus 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent developments in droplet-based microfluidics allow the transcriptional profiling of thousands of individual cells, in a quantitative, highly parallel and cost-effective way. A critical, often limiting step is the preparation of cells in an unperturbed state, not compromised by stress or ageing. Another challenge are rare cells that need to be collected over several days, or samples prepared at different times or locations.ResultsHere, we used chemical fixation to overcome these problems. Methanol fixation allowed us to stabilize and preserve dissociated cells for weeks. By using mixtures of fixed human and mouse cells, we showed that individual transcriptomes could be confidently assigned to one of the two species. Single-cell gene expression from live and fixed samples correlated well with bulk mRNA-seq data. We then applied methanol fixation to transcriptionally profile primary single cells from dissociated complex tissues. Low RNA content cells fromDrosophilaembryos, as well as mouse hindbrain and cerebellum cells sorted by FACS, were successfully analysed after fixation, storage and single-cell droplet RNA-seq. We were able to identify diverse cell populations, including neuronal subtypes. As an additional resource, we provide ‘dropbead’, an R package for exploratory data analysis, visualization and filtering of Drop-seq data.ConclusionsWe expect that the availability of a simple cell fixation method will open up many new opportunities in diverse biological contexts to analyse transcriptional dynamics at single cell resolution.
An analysis of product-place co-branding: the case of Ceylon Tea
Authors: Ranasinghe Wasanee Tharanga , Thaichon Park , Ranasinghe Malanee 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the applicability of the strategic place brand-management model (SPBM) for a product-place co-branding context, focussing on Sri Lanka’s tea industry.Design/methodology/approachConducted as an exploratory case study, pattern matching and explanation building methods are employed to analyse data from secondary sources such as archival data and documentation.FindingsStrategic components of place branding in SPBM are applicable for product-place co-branding, as evidenced in Sri Lanka’s tea industry, although key strategies appear to be reactive rather than proactive in this context.Practical implicationsThe findings provide reassuring guidance to practitioners on applying strategic place branding models in product-place co-branding settings, given the unique risks associated with product-place co-branding.Originality/valueGiven the novelty of and the need to advance knowledge on product-place co-branding as a component of place branding, this study extends extant literature on the use of SPBM in a successful product-place co-branding setting. Additionally, it extends the value of place branding concepts for industries other than popularly studied tourism.
E-grocery supply chain management enabled by mobile tools
Authors: Cagliano Anna Corinna , De Marco Alberto , Rafele Carlo 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study mobile services for supply chain management (SCM) in the electronic grocery (e-grocery) sector. The authors investigate their diffusion and formulate policies in order to stimulate the adoption.

Design/methodology/approach
A System Dynamics model is proposed for a short fresh food supply chain (SC). The model predicts how product traceability, mobile payment, and time-based delivery management functionalities contribute to the adoption of a SCM mobile application.

Findings
The three services drive the diffusion of the application. A high level of real time information brings decreased inventory levels and more frequent order placing, leading to an increased number of logistics transactions managed by the mobile application and growth in the associated revenue for the service provider company.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed study fosters research on overcoming the barriers that prevent integration, collaboration, and better visibility in e-grocery SCs.

Practical implications
This work constitutes a roadmap to identify the key enabling factors of e-grocery expansion.

Originality/value
This is one of the few contributions focussing on increasing the efficiency of e-grocery SCs by applying management strategies supported by mobile devices.
The complexity of co-opetitive networks
Authors: Lacam Jean Sébastien , Salvetat David 
Published: January 2017

PurposeMany firms engage in co-opetitive projects during which they have simultaneously competitive and collaborative relationships with many rivals in a complex network. A co-opetitive network offers them access to a large volume of resources and knowledge, for example, to support new markets and/or territories. So, does the network grow with the scope of the co-opetition project? The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study of 106 French boating intermediate-sized enterprises (ETIs) and small and medium enterprises provides a descriptive and explanatory analysis of co-opetitive networks.FindingsThe results support this definition of a complex co-opetitive network only when the objectives of a firm are part of the geographical expansion of its activities. In contrast, these relations remain simple (dyadic) when a firm favours a strategy of diversifying its activities while maintaining its unique local geographical market.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the work is based on a quantitative methodology, so is static. It would be interesting to analyze the process of the building of co-opetitive relationships and opportunism between rival firms, for example, through a qualitative study. Second, this work focusses on boating companies in France. It may be appropriate to consider the sanctions placed on the opportunism of foreign firms in co-opetition. Third, future work could increase understanding, not only of the nature of reprisals inflicted on individualistic co-opetitors, but also on the structure, objectives and results of these reprisals.Originality/valueThe study deepens our knowledge of the definition, composition and determinants of co-opetitive networks.
Logistic regression analysis for factors influencing cost performance of design-bid-build and design-build projects
Authors: Lu Wenxue , Hua YuanYuan , Zhang SuJuan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the influencing factors of cost performance of design-bid-build (DBB) and design-build (DB) projects and comparing the differences of influencing factors between these two delivery methods.

Design/methodology/approach
This research identified and refined 14 influencing factors through literature review and academic expert discussions. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data about the influencing factors and project cost performance. Then those factors were reduced to four components by factor analysis. Logistic regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between four principal components and project cost performance.

Findings
The results indicate that the significant influencing factors of project cost performance of DBB projects and DB projects are different. For DBB projects, owner abilities, such as owner team ability, owner experience, and owner finance, are important influencing factors causing cost overruns, while for DB projects cost performance is more sensitive to the contractor abilities, namely, contractor team ability, contractor finance, contractor experience, etc.

Research limitations/implications
The results of the paper are mainly derived by quantitative research method based on the survey of 144 samples, so the results may need validation by qualitative studies. Further research could apply case study or interview to validate the findings in this research. In addition, project type and location are not considered as control variables due to the limited number of samples, future research could be conducted to investigate their relationship with project performance.

Practical implications
The findings of this research not only help practitioners have a better understanding of the factors influencing project cost performance, but also provide some guidelines for practitioners to pay attention to different factors to better control the cost performance within different delivery systems.

Originality/value
Owner ability and contractor ability are found to be of different importance in influencing cost performance of DBB and DB projects. This research extends previous research on cost management by considering different significant factors in influencing project cost performance within DBB and DB projects.
Creating identification with brand communities on Twitter
Authors: López Manuela , Sicilia María , Moyeda-Carabaza Alberto Alejandro 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Companies are now using social network sites (SNSs) within their marketing and brand-building activities. Twitter is the preferred SNS for creating brand communities, which offer companies many advantages. The purpose of this paper is to examine how individuals manage their competing needs for being affiliated (operationalized as personal and communal-brand connections) and for being seen as distinctive (operationalized as need for uniqueness (NFU)) when they are members of brand communities on Twitter. The authors have also analysed which type of brand community is able to achieve the balance between both needs, enhancing identification with the brand community.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 318 valid responses were collected from three camera brand communities on Twitter. Messages (“tweets”) which included a link to an online questionnaire were sent to community members via Twitter. The authors examine the proposed model using structural equation modelling.

Findings
The authors demonstrate that consumers can satisfy their need for affiliation in brand communities created in Twitter. However, consumers can only reach a balance between the need for affiliation and the need for distinctiveness in brand communities built around niche brands. In contrast, the two needs work in opposition to shape identification in brand communities of big brands.

Originality/value
Optimal distinctiveness theory is used as a theoretical background for proposing how the antecedents of identification with the brand community enhance brand loyalty, with reference to the conflict between the individual’s needs for both distinctiveness and affiliation. Consumers’ identification with the brand community is proposed as a mediator to achieve brand loyalty in brand communities. Consumers reach this balance in brand communities built around a niche brand, where individuals with high NFU feel a high identification with the brand community. For big brands, as consumers’ NFU increases, their identification with the brand community and brand loyalty decreases.