bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe Communication Difficulties After a Hemorrhagic Stroke in the Basal Ganglia: Case Report
Authors: Keegan Louise C. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
This clinical case report examines the case of a 52-year-old man who experienced a hemorrhagic stroke in the basal ganglia, resulting in severe aphasia as well as motor speech and cognitive-communication difficulties. The speech-language pathology services provided in this complex case are reviewed, including the assessment and management of this case that incorporate a life participation approach to speech and language intervention. A quality assessment of services is provided, along with recommendations for alternative interventions.

Conclusion:
This clinical case highlights the important role subcortical areas of the brain play in communication and provides information and evidence-based direction for future clinical management of similar cases.
Stratospheric aerosols and C6H6 in Jupiter’s south polar region from JWST/MIRI observations
Authors: Rodríguez-Ovalle Pablo , Guerlet Sandrine , Fouchet Thierry , Harkett Jake , Cavalié Thibault , Hue Vincent , Vinatier Sandrine , López-Puertas Manuel , Fletcher Leigh N. , Lellouch Emmanuel , Hueso Ricardo , de Pater Imke , Orton Glenn S. , Roman Michael T. , Hammel Heidi B. , Milam Stefanie N. , King Oliver R. T. 
Published: September 2024

Context. The polar atmosphere of Jupiter is significantly affected by auroral activity, which can induce both thermal and chemical differences compared to the rest of the atmosphere. In particular, auroral activity enhances the production of various hydrocarbons, including benzene. Benzene could be a potential precursor to the formation of the stratospheric hazes.
Aims. We investigated the spatial distribution of the benzene abundance across latitudes ranging from 50°S to 81°S and 17°S to 25°S. Additionally, we examined the chemical origin of polar aerosols and their latitudinal distribution.
Methods. We employed James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) observations to measure the benzene abundance based on its emission at 674 cm−1. Additionally, we examined the spectral dependence of the aerosol opacity within the 680–760 and 1380–1500 cm−1 spectral ranges, and mapped their distribution from 80°S–50°S.
Results. At latitudes lower than 60°S, benzene is found to be up to ten times more abundant compared to lower latitudes. This enhancement of C6H6 is well mixed longitudinally and not particularly concentrated inside the auroral oval. Photochemical models predict a decrease in the abundance as we approach the mid latitudes, but fail at polar latitudes as they do not include ion-neutral chemistry. Moreover, we find that the southern polar atmosphere is enriched with aerosols at ~10 mbar. The optical depth of the aerosols increases at latitudes poleward of ~60°S, similar to the enhancement of C6H6. These aerosols have spectral features similar to the aerosols of Titan and Saturn, and the mass loading is of ~1.2 ± 0.2 × 10−4 g cm−2. Finally, we quantified the impact of these aerosols on the retrieved temperature structure, causing a decrease in the temperature at pressure levels deeper than 10 mbar.
Conclusions. We find that the auroral precipitation produces abundant stratospheric aerosols, which must play an important role in the chemistry and dynamics of the planet.
Management of RSV Bronchiolitis in Outpatient Setting
Authors: Borgmann Johannes , Sandmann Lea , Ritter Simon , Heep Axel , Köster Holger , Wetzke Martin , Lange Matthias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory infections (RSV-LRI)
and bronchiolitis in children remain a high burden to medical facilities.
Studies evaluating the practical approach in outpatient settings are scarce. We
conducted a survey to provide an insight into management in pediatric offices in
Germany. Invitations for participation in an online survey were sent to 623
providers of pediatric primary care via email. Recipients were randomly chosen
from national databanks based on zip codes. The response rate was 16,2%, n=92
(14,7%) questionnaires were fully answered and analyzed. 93,5% (n=86) are board
certified pediatricians. In outpatient setting, every second patient with
suspected or confirmed RSV-LRI is presented three times or more. 40,7% of our
participants refer less than 10% of all patients to hospital, 83,7% refer less
than one third (<30%). 33,7% of all participants never perform virological
testing in suspected cases of RSV-LRI. More than 50% of all participants
prescribe bronchodilators, hypertonic saline inhalation is prescribed by 17,4%.
Antibiotics are prescribed in less than 10% of all cases of RSV-LRI. About 3/4
ask for a clearer, more conclusive guideline regarding prophylaxis. The
diagnostic approach varies significantly. Although not recommended in
international guidelines, bronchodilators are still frequently used. Considering
emerging options for passive immunization, broader inclusion criteria into
immunization regimes are requested by the participants. More conclusive
guidelines and recommendations could further improve the management of
outpatient RSV-LRI in children.
Integrated Community-Based Syndromic Surveillance for Rural Settled and Mobile Populations in Two Health Districts in Chad: A Case Study Toolkit
Authors: Fayiz Abakar Mahamat , Didi Lamireou , Oezelick Ranya , Issa Ramadane , Abdelrazakh Zakaria Fatima , Djaouga Prudence , Issaka Yaya , Kessely Bourkou Hamit , Adoum Abdoulaye Youssouf , Ali Acyl Mahamat , Nadji Justin Langtar , Naïbei Nathan , Greter Helena , Griss Silja , Dürr Salome 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A proof of principle study on integrated and community-based syndromic surveillance using mobile phones (SySMob), was carried out between 2018 and 2020 in two rural health districts in Chad, Yao and Danamadji. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a new health surveillance system targeting rural mobile and settled communities and their animals in Chad.
More than 30 participants from 6 health centres (3 in each district) composed of Community health workers (CHWs) and Animal community health workers (ACHWs) in addition to health centres and veterinary posts staff were trained on the use of the tools of the new health surveillance system. Biological samples collection and transport chain were established.
Among the 135 suspected cases notified from both sectors, the most reported symptom in humans was fever followed by diarrhoea. In animals, diarrhoea and cough were the most reported symptoms. No human biological sample was collected, however, 26 animal blood samples suspected of anthrax and pasteurellosis were sent to the central laboratory for analysis. The results confirmed 8-positive cases of anthrax and 3 of pasteurellosis.
The preliminary outcomes showed the feasibility and the adherence of local stakeholders to the new system regardless of the negative impact of COVID-19 measures during the last phase of the study. The major achievement was the integrated approach across human and animal health sectors. More research is needed to demonstrate the epidemiological, clinical and economic added value of SySMob in both sectors, which is currently in progress by the use of a cohort study.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Nonlinear dielectric response and conductivity characteristics of epoxy resin in high voltage AC electric field
Authors: Wang Weiwang , Li Ruizhe , Hu Leiyu , Jiang Qihang , Li Shengtao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
High-voltage dielectric and AC conduction behaviors of epoxy resin (EP) insulation are beneficial for the design and application of solid-state power electronic devices. This study investigates the nonlinear dielectric response and AC conduction characteristics of EP. The dielectric relaxation characteristics, including permittivity and AC conductivity of the EP samples, were investigated using high-voltage dielectric spectroscopy and the ionic polarization model. The results demonstrate a nonlinear increase in the relative permittivity and AC conductivity concerning the AC electric field. The increase in AC conduction under a high-frequency electric field is attributed to the reduction in the threshold field for charge injection caused by elevated temperatures. Considering the dielectric response and carrier hopping, it is evident that the nonlinear dielectric response of EP primarily originates from the ionic process under high electric fields. Ionic polarization, in conjunction with ion-hopping conduction, enhances the dielectric loss at high frequencies and electric fields, thereby facilitating the nonlinear conversion of AC conduction. The equivalent free volume is likely to increase in high-frequency fields. This phenomenon leads to an increase in AC conduction and even dielectric breakdown. This study offers a pivotal theoretical framework for the design and application of high-frequency insulation.
Intergrain scattering in polycrystals
Authors: Cragg George Edwin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Transport through grain boundaries in polycrystals is described from first principles using quantum scattering theory, explicitly including Feshbach resonances to account for intermittently trapped electronic surface states. An effective T-matrix is derived then used to calculate the electrical conductivity which exhibits breakdown, a sharp increase at a critical intergrain bias. Under typical conditions where the electron thermal energy,

k

B

T

, is much less than the intergrain barrier height,

φ

b

, the electrical conductivity has the form

σ
∼

T

−
1

/

2

e

−

φ

b

/

k

B

T

. Temperature dependence of the conductivity is also considered for thermal energies much larger than the applied bias, as may be realized in tightly-compressed grains.
Solar ultraviolet radiation: didactic prototype and investigations in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Bezerra Itamar , Schivani Milton , Fontoura Gustavo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) is a part of our daily exposure, particularly when we are in the sun. Depending on the conditions of UV ray exposure, it can lead to health issues such as premature aging, burns, changes in skin pigmentation, and, notably, skin cancer. These risks are heightened by the increasingly high UV Index levels that can be observed in many parts of the world, along with the increasing global average temperature and heatwaves affecting several countries. Thus, this article presents a proposal of an experimental and investigative nature concerning the use of a didactic prototype for measuring UV levels. The prototype was developed based on the ESP32 Development Board and ML8511 sensor. The teaching proposal was implemented by a collaborating teacher who integrated it into their regular high school physics classes at a public school in the Northeast of Brazil. In summary, this proposal enabled students to analyze which objects and situations offer varying levels of protection against UV radiation within their school and community environments. The students observed that even shaded or indirectly illuminated areas (via reflection from surfaces) showed detectable UV levels, emphasizing the need for continuous vigilance to improve protection against solar irradiation.
External oxide layers formed by the oxidation procedure in FeMnSi and FeMnSiCr shape memory alloys and their effects
Authors: Tatar Cengiz , Kök Mediha , Kanca M Sait , Tatar Beyhan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Shape memory alloys are exposed to high temperatures to improve their properties and functionality. Through this process, oxidation inevitably occurs due to the presence of oxygen in the environment, which interacts with the alloying elements. Oxidation adversely affects the hardness of alloys, leading to a decline in their overall quality. In this study, the oxidation behavior parameters of FeMnSi and FeMnSi-Cr alloys and the oxide layers formed during this process were investigated in Fe-based alloys with high usage potential. Both non-isothermal and isothermal oxidation processes were applied to alloys and the oxidation parameters were determined. Subsequently, the changes in the crystal structure, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the alloys subjected to isothermal oxidation at 400-500-600-700-800 °C were investigated. It was found that the oxidation behavior of both alloys intensified with rising oxidation temperatures, as evidenced by crystal structure and microstructural analyses, which indicated deeper penetration into the alloys at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, an increase in magnetization values was noted alongside the oxidation process. A comparison of the oxidation characteristics between FeMnSi and FeMnSi-Cr alloys revealed that the oxidation parameters for the chromium doped FeMnSi alloy were comparatively lower.
Peakons and compactons of the (2+1)-dimensional modified dispersive water-wave system
Authors: Wu Hui-Ling , Ma Zheng-Yi , Cheng Li , Fei Jin-Xi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For a higher-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system, there exist abundant coherent excitations. The variable-separated method is a powerful approach to deriving these structures, as its solutions allow for arbitrary functions. Previous works have produced numerous results, including solitons, chaos and fractals. As the molecule structure appears, constructing the multi-soliton molecule through this technology is a meaningful work, especially considering the local peakons and compactons that were seldom discussed before. In this paper, after taking the Bäcklund transformation, the variable-separated solution for the (2+1)-dimensional modified dispersive water-wave system is first derived, which is an important physical model in describing the nonlinear and dispersive long gravity waves. As a result, the multi-peakons and multi-compactons are constructed through the derived universal formula with the aid of the variable functions p and q. These solitons include two general clusters of M × N peakons and compactons, from which the multi-soliton molecules and their interactions are presented.
Modeling electrical impedance in brain tissue with diffusion tensor imaging for functional neurosurgery applications
Authors: Kumar Niranjan , Ahamparam Aidan , Lu Charles W , Malaga Karlo A , Patil Parag G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Decades ago, neurosurgeons used electrical impedance measurements in the brain for coarse intraoperative tissue differentiation. Over time, these techniques were largely replaced by more refined imaging and electrophysiological localization. Today, advanced methods of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and finite element method (FEM) modeling may permit non-invasive, high-resolution intracerebral impedance prediction. However, expectations for tissue-impedance relationships and experimentally verified parameters for impedance modeling in human brains are lacking. This study seeks to address this need. Approach. We used FEM to simulate high-resolution single- and dual-electrode impedance measurements along linear electrode trajectories through (1) canonical gray and white matter tissue models, and (2) selected anatomic structures within whole-brain patient DTI-based models. We then compared intraoperative impedance measurements taken at known locations along deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgical trajectories with model predictions to evaluate model accuracy and refine model parameters. Main results. In DTI-FEM models, single- and dual-electrode configurations performed similarly. While only dual-electrode configurations were sensitive to white matter fiber orientation, other influences on impedance, such as white matter density, enabled single-electrode impedance measurements to display significant spatial variation even within purely white matter structures. We compared 308 intraoperative single-electrode impedance measurements in five DBS patients to DTI-FEM predictions at one-to-one corresponding locations. After calibration of model coefficients to these data, predicted impedances reliably estimated intraoperative measurements in all patients (

R
=
0.784
±
0.116

,

n
=
5

). Through this study, we derived an updated value for the slope coefficient of the DTI conductance model published by Tuch et al,

k
=
0.0649

S

⋅

s

m

m

−
3

(original

k
=
0.844
)

, for use specifically in humans at physiological frequencies. Significance. This is the first study to compare impedance estimates from imaging-based models of human brain tissue to experimental measurements at the same locations in vivo. Accurate, non-invasive, imaging-based impedance prediction has numerous applications in functional neurosurgery, including tissue mapping, intraoperative electrode localization, and DBS.
Strategies to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders to the human arm hand system using similarity metrics
Authors: Cavacece Massimo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study of the behavior of the hand-arm system can present quantitative knowledge through the overall A(8) daily vibration exposure with the possibility of establishing significant properties of the state and output of the hand-arm system. The present research proposes the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the arm system by Popov’s theorem. The hand-arm system consists of subsystems, such as the operator’s fingers, wrist, elbow, and shoulder. The back offers a support structure to the arm-hand system. Using Popov’s theorem, the study of stability allows the evaluation of the stability of the individual subsystems in the presence of vibrations.
Implementation of a new classification and stratification system for solitary bone tumour: osseous tumour radiological and interpretation and management system
Authors: Wu Haijun , Liu Lin , Zhuang Jiachun , Zhong Guimian , Wei Shasha , Zeng Liujin , Zi Yunyan , Xu Fangping , Yao Mengyu , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To propose a histological-grades-based Osseous Tumor Radiological and Interpretation and Management System (OT-RIMS) that would simplify the radiological evaluation of bone tumours, categorize key radiological features into severity levels, and inform corresponding patient management actions.

Methods
This retrospective study between January 2015 and August 2022 evaluated patients with solitary bone tumours confirmed by pathology and imaging follow-up received 2 or 3 imaging modalities of radiographs, CT, or MRI. Three radiologists independently assessed radiological features, categorized bone lesions based on OT-RIMS criteria, and reached a consensus. Kappa statistics and observed agreement were calculated.

Results
A total of 341 patients (mean age, 26.0 years; 159 women) were included, with 102 malignant, 177 benign, and 62 intermediate or low-grade malignant bone lesions. Sensitivity and specificity of readers 1, 2, and 3, respectively, in the identification of malignant tumours into OT-RIMS 4 were 93.1% (95 of 102) and 93.3% (223 of 239), 96.1% (98 of 102) and 91.6% (219 of 239), 92.2% (94 of 102) and 89.5% (214 of 239). Inter-reader agreement of OT-RIMS category for 3 readers was considered excellent (Kendall’s W = 0.924, P &lt; .001) with a kappa value of reproducibility in categories 1&2, 3, and 4 of 0.764, 0.528, and 0.930, respectively.

Conclusions
The OT-RIMS category demonstrated excellent reproducibility despite the reader’s expertise level in categorizing the risk stratification of bone tumours and informing patient management, with histological grades used as the reference standard.

Advances in knowledge
The OT-RIMS category reliably stratifies bone tumours into 4 categories corresponding to histological grades and standardized patient management.
A role for leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 in regulating pain sensitivity
Authors: Farah Adham , Patel Ryan , Poplawski Piotr , Wastie Benjamin J , Tseng Mandy , Barry Allison M , Daifallah Omar , Dubb Akash , Paul Ivan , Cheng Hoi lao , Feroz Faisal , Su Yuhe , Chan Marva , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Price Theodore J , Bennett David L , Bannister Kirsty , Dawes John M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Neuronal hyperexcitability is a key driver of persistent pain states, including neuropathic pain. Leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) is a secreted protein known to regulate excitability within the nervous system and is the target of autoantibodies from neuropathic pain patients. Therapies that block or reduce antibody levels are effective at relieving pain in these patients, suggesting that LGI1 has an important role in clinical pain.
Here we have investigated the role of LGI1 in regulating neuronal excitability and pain-related sensitivity by studying the consequences of genetic ablation in specific neuron populations using transgenic mouse models.
LGI1 has been well studied at the level of the brain, but its actions in the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system are poorly understood. We show that LGI1 is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord dorsal horn neurons in both mouse and human. Using transgenic mouse models, we genetically ablated LGI1, either specifically in nociceptors (LGI1fl/Nav1.8+) or in both DRG and spinal neurons (LGI1fl/Hoxb8+). On acute pain assays, we found that loss of LGI1 resulted in mild thermal and mechanical pain-related hypersensitivity when compared with littermate controls. In LGI1fl/Hoxb8+ mice, we found loss of Kv1 currents and hyperexcitability of DRG neurons. LGI1fl/Hoxb8+ mice displayed a significant increase in nocifensive behaviours in the second phase of the formalin test (not observed in LGI1fl/Nav1.8+ mice), and extracellular recordings in LGI1fl/Hoxb8+ mice revealed hyperexcitability in spinal dorsal horn neurons, including enhanced wind-up. Using the spared nerve injury model, we found that LGI1 expression was dysregulated in the spinal cord. LGI1fl/Nav1.8+ mice showed no differences in nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, brush-evoked allodynia or spontaneous pain behaviour compared with controls. However, LGI1fl/Hoxb8+ mice showed a significant exacerbation of mechanical hypersensitivity and allodynia.
Our findings point to effects of LGI1 at the level of both the DRG and the spinal cord, including an important impact of spinal LGI1 on pathological pain. Overall, we find a novel role for LGI1 with relevance to clinical pain.