Clinical Librarian Programs May Lead to Information Behaviour Change
Authors: Brown Marcy L. 
Published: February 2016

Objective – Assess whether the North Wales Clinical Librarian service changed the information behaviour of team clinicians. Specific objectives were to:

Assess which services were used.
Estimate the effects of training on clinician search patterns and search times.
Examine the benefits of services regarding clinical governance.
Examine the effects of training on clinician confidence.
Explore factors affecting librarian-clinician collaboration.

Design – Observational, longitudinal evaluation through:

1.	Librarian reflective diaries
2.	Baseline and final questionnaire surveys
3.	In-person and telephone interviews between surveys

Setting – Three National Health Service (NHS) Hospital Trusts in North Wales, UK. These included North West Wales, Conwy & Denbighshire, and North East Wales.

Subjects – Physicians, nurses, and allied clinical staff working with clinical librarians in one of the above three NHS Trusts.

Methods – The evaluation period ran from November 2003 through January 2005. Data collected varied between Trusts, since program activities varied across locations. Questionnaire data was analyzed with Excel; interview data was analyzed with QSR N6.

North East Wales/Conwy & Denbighshire: In these two Trusts, baseline questionnaires were distributed in April 2004; interviews were conducted between July and October 2004, and final questionnaires were distributed in December 2004. Sixty-nine baseline questionnaires were returned from the April distribution, and 57 final questionnaires were returned in December. Additionally, 33 face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted between July and October.

North West Wales: Immediate post-training feedback was collected from 90 participants; questionnaires sent one month after training had only a 32% response rate (24 of 75 questionnaires). Twelve interviews were conducted.

Results – Interviews at all sites demonstrated a conflict between wanting the librarian to perform searches for the clinical teams, and the clinicians needing or wanting more independence through greater search skills. The librarian reflective diaries showed a change in practice over the evaluation period. Administrative duties lessened and more time was spent on searching or teaching.

North East Wales/Conwy & Denbighshire: Although a greater percentage of medical staff reported using NHS and library Web sites by the end of the evaluation period (70.7% versus 59.4%), a larger percentage felt overwhelmed by the amount of information retrieved (68.3% versus 60.9%). At baseline, more than 50% wished to spend less than 10 minutes on a search of “general importance but not of personal interest” (18), but follow up indicated that the number of physicians expecting to spend that small amount of time had dropped to 36%. Among nurses and allied professionals, changes in information behaviour were fewer. The interviews confirmed that information provided by a clinical librarian affected patient management and/or therapy; patient diagnosis was not affected. One interview indicated that cost savings had resulted from information provided by a clinical librarian. Forty-five percent of interviewees felt that their search skills had improved.

North West Wales: Ninety-nine percent of session attendees rated training programs highly. Although feedback indicated a desire for more training, 88.9% did feel more confident about their search abilities immediately following a program. The one-month-post-training questionnaire had a very low response rate (32%), but over 54% of those responding did believe that their skills had improved. But one month later, 12 interviews reported that “initial enthusiasm had usually tapered off” (20), and those interviewed weren’t sure if they really had better skills.

Conclusions – While findings weren’t conclusive, they suggest that having a librarian participate on a clinical team does lead to changes in information behaviour. Staff members were more confident searchers, more willing to search for information, and more willing to delegate that task to a librarian. The study also suggests that library services may be effectively targeted to specific groups of clinicians, and may have an impact on patient care.