bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ring‐Opening Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective 1,3‐Chlorochalcogenation of Cyclopropyl Carbaldehydes
Authors: Wallbaum Jan , Garve Lennart K. B. , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: November 2016

Abstractmeso‐Cyclopropyl carbaldehydes are treated in the presence of an organocatalyst with sulfenyl and selenyl chlorides to afford 1,3‐chlorochalcogenated products. The transformation is achieved by a merged iminium–enamine activation. The enantioselective desymmetrization reaction, leading to three adjacent stereocenters, furnished the target products in complete regioselectivity and moderate to high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (d.r. up to 15:1 and e.r. up to 93:7).
100 Jahre Einkristallzucht aus der Schmelze
Authors: Evers Jürgen , Herzog Christiane , Möckl Leonhard , von Plotho Christoph , Stallhofer Peter , Staudigl Rudolf 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIm August 1916 reichte der Deutsch‐Pole Jan Czochralski eine Publikation über die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit von Metallkristallen bei der Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie ein. Daher wird 1916 als das Jahr der Entdeckung des Czochralski‐Kristallzuchtverfahrens angesehen. Im Metall‐Laboratorium der AEG, wo Czochralski zunächst arbeitete, wurden seine Forschungsarbeiten nicht gebührend anerkannt, sodass er zur Metallbank und Metallurgischen Gesellschaft (später: Metallgesellschaft) nach Frankfurt wechselte, wo er bald zum Laborleiter und Oberingenieur aufstieg. In Frankfurt machte er sich mit Forschungen zu Metallen und technischen Legierungen rasch einen Namen. Die Entdeckung des Czochralski‐Kristallzuchtverfahrens gehört zu den wichtigsten technologischen Erfindungen des 20. Jahrhunderts, die aber erst in dessen zweiten Hälfte mit dem Aufstieg der Halbleiterindustrie ökonomische Bedeutung erlangte. Heute werden 95 % der Weltproduktion an Siliciumeinkristallen nach dem Czochralski‐Verfahren hergestellt. Der Umsatz der Halbleiter‐Industrie betrug 2015 etwa 335 Milliarden US‐Dollar, wobei die Kristallzucht nach dem Czochralski‐Verfahren jeweils der erste Schritt bei der Herstellung ist. Der größte Teil der heute gefertigten Siliciumeinkristalle hat einen Durchmesser von 300 mm. Die industrielle Produktion von Einkristallen mit 450 mm Durchmesser scheitert bisher nicht an technologischen, sondern an ökonomischen Problemen.
Infections with multiple high‐risk HPV types are associated with high‐grade and persistent low‐grade intraepithelial lesions of the cervix
Authors: De Brot Louise , Pellegrini Bruno , Moretti Sabrina Teixeira , Carraro Dirce Maria , Soares Fernando Augusto , Rocha Rafael Malagoli , Baiocchi Glauco , da Cunha Isabela Werneck , de Andrade Victor Piana 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDInfections with multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) types (mHPV) in Papanicolaou tests have been reported but the histologic correlation and clinical meaning remains debatable.METHODSThe authors prospectively tested 37 HPV types using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test and correlated the results to cytology and histology findings in 260 women evaluated from June 2009 to October 2011 and followed for up to 60 months.RESULTSHPV was detected in 148 of 235 samples (63%) and high‐risk HPV was detected in 132 samples (56%). mHPV infection was found to be twice as common as single HPV (sHPV) infection and was detected more frequently in low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (48 of 83 samples [58%]) and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or invasive carcinoma (HSIL + (26 of 47 samples [55%]) compared with other categories (P<.001). Of 34 LSIL/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1) index cases, 13 of 21 patients with mHPV (61.9%) persisted on CIN1, whereas no histologic abnormality was detected during follow‐up in all 12 patients with sHPV infection (high risk or low risk) (P<.001). Eighteen of 20 patients with HSIL/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) (90%) and high‐risk mHPV persisted on HSIL+/CIN2 + whereas 6 of 11 patients with sHPV infection did not demonstrate HSIL+/CIN2 + on follow‐up (54.5%) (P = .066). Approximately 40% of women with HSIL were infected by high‐risk HPV types other than types 16 or 18.CONCLUSIONSHigh‐risk mHPV infection identified patients with persistent LSIL/CIN1 and may to help identify patients at higher risk of disease progression to HSIL+/CIN2+. Longer follow‐up will clarify the role of mHPV testing in patient care. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:138–143. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
A survey on energy estimation and power modeling schemes for smartphone applications
Authors: Ahmad Raja Wasim , Gani Abdullah , Hamid Siti Hafizah Ab , Shojafar Mohammad , Ahmed Abdelmuttlib Ibrahim Abdalla , Madani Sajjad A. , Saleem Kashif , Rodrigues Joel J.P.C. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn the last decade, the rising trend in the popularity of smartphones motivated software developers to increase application functionality. However, increasing application functionality demands extra power budget that as a result, decreases smartphone battery lifetime. Optimizing energy critical sections of an application creates an opportunity to increase battery lifetime. Smartphone application energy estimation helps investigate energy consumption behavior of an application at diversified granularity (eg, coarse and fine granular) for optimal battery resource use. This study explores energy estimation and modeling schemes to highlight their advantages and shortcomings. It classifies existing smartphone application energy estimation and modeling schemes into 2 categories, ie, code analysis and mobile components power model–based estimation owing to their architectural designs. Moreover, it further classifies code analysis–based modeling and estimation schemes in simulation‐based and profiling‐based categories. It compares existing energy estimation and modeling schemes based on a set of parameters common in most literature to highlight the commonalities and differences among reported literature. Existing application energy estimation schemes are low‐accurate, resource expensive, or non‐scalable, as they consider marginally accurate smart battery's voltage/current sensors, low‐rate power capturing tools, and labor‐driven lab‐setting environment to propose power models for smartphone application energy estimation. Besides, the energy estimation overhead of the components power model–based estimation schemes is very high as they physically run the application on a smartphone for energy profiling. To optimize smartphone application energy estimation, we have highlighted several research issues to help researchers of this domain to understand the problem clearly.
Influence of plant traits, soil microbial properties, and abiotic parameters on nitrogen turnover of grassland ecosystems
Authors: Legay Nicolas , Lavorel Sandra , Baxendale Catherine , Krainer Ute , Bahn Michael , Binet Marie‐Noëlle , Cantarel Amélie A. M. , Colace Marie‐Pascale , Foulquier Arnaud , Kastl Eva‐Maria , Grigulis Karl , Mouhamadou Bello , Poly Franck , Pommier Thomas , Schloter Michael , Clément Jean‐Christophe , Bardgett Richard D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough it is known that multiple interactions among plant functional traits, microbial properties, and abiotic soil parameters influence the nutrient turnover, the relative contribution of each of these groups of variables is poorly understood. We manipulated grassland plant functional composition and soil nitrogen (N) availability in a multisite mesocosm experiment to quantify their relative effects on soil N turnover. Overall, root traits, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, denitrification potential, as well as N availability and water availability, best explained the variation in measured ecosystem properties, especially the trade‐off between nutrient sequestration and plant biomass production. Their relative contributions varied with soil N availability. In relatively N‐poor soils (10–20 μg·N·g−1soil), N turnover was mainly controlled by microbial properties and abiotic soil parameters, whereas in the relatively N‐rich soils (110–120 μg·N·g−1soil), N turnover was mainly controlled by plant traits and microbial properties. This experiment is a strong demonstration of the importance of functional characteristics of both plants and soil microbes, and their interplay with soil N availability, for N turnover in grassland soils.
Context‐dependent landscape of fear: algal density elicits risky herbivory in a coral reef
Authors: Gil Michael A. , Zill Julie , Ponciano José M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractForaging theory posits that isolation from refuge habitat within a landscape increases perceived predation risk and, thus, suppresses the foraging behavior of prey species. However, these effects may depend fundamentally on resource availability, which could affect prey boldness and can change considerably through bottom‐up processes. We conducted a field survey and experiment in a coral reef to test the effects of isolation from refuge habitat (i.e., reef structure) on herbivory by reef fishes and whether these effects depend on resource density. By fitting continuous‐time, pure death Markov processes to our data, we found that at both the local and landscape scale distance from refuge habitat reduced herbivory in attractive resource patches of palatable benthic algae. However, our field experiment revealed that higher initial resource densities weakened negative effects of distance from refuge habitat on herbivory. Furthermore, we observed higher bite rates and greater total lengths of herbivorous fishes with greater distance from refuge habitat—responses consistent with higher perceived predation risk. Our results suggest that while the loss or fragmentation of refuge habitat reduces consumer control of resources, greater resource densities can partially counteract this effect by altering landscapes of fear of consumer species. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the spatial context of species interactions that structure communities.
Feasibility of filter‐based NIR spectroscopy for the routine measurement of olive oil fruit ripening indices
Authors: Trapani Serena , Migliorini Marzia , Cecchi Lorenzo , Giovenzana Valentina , Beghi Roberto , Canuti Valentina , Fia Giovanna , Zanoni Bruno 
Published: November 2016

The aim of this work was to apply and validate a NIR spectrometer based on a discrete filter system for the rapid measurement of the moisture, oil, sugar, and phenolic compounds contents of olive oil fruits. The batches of olive oil fruits were collected during seven crop seasons from several farms located in Tuscany and then they were crushed into olive paste. The water content was measured gravimetrically, oil content was measured using the Soxhlet method, sugar content was measured enzymatically and phenolic compound content was measured by HPLC. NIR spectra were recorded from 1400 to 2400 nm at 19 selected wavelengths. Calibration and validation models were processed using PLS regression. In PLS models built for moisture, oil, and sugar contents, the r2 in calibration ranged between 0.90 and 0.93 with low standard error of calibration (SEC) values (i.e. 2.5, 3.6 and 4.0, respectively). For these parameters the standard error of prediction (SEP) and the standard error of laboratory (SEL) values proved to be comparable (i.e. 2.4 vs. 3.2, 6.0 vs. 4.4, and 6.7 vs. 4.7, respectively). Instead, the calibration and validation results concerning the phenolic compounds were not satisfactory, probably because the necessary wavelengths in the section of absorbance from 1100 to 1400 nm were not covered.Practical applications: NIR spectrometers based on discrete filter systems may be interesting since they are cost‐saving compared to the more sophisticated FT‐NIR and NIR‐AOTF instruments (i.e. the cost is approximately half). Our study also showed that with this instrument it was possible to build some effective models for predicting moisture, oil, and sugar contents in olive paste. The results obtained for moisture and oil contents are comparable with those obtained with other spectrometers, and a predictive model was obtained for sugar content for the first time. Instead the tool did not prove suitable for obtaining predictive models for total phenolic compounds or oleuropein contents. The additional use of a filter‐based NIR spectrometer is therefore to be suggested to rapidly monitor olive fruit ripening on the basis of moisture, oil, and sugar contents.The used filter‐based NIR spectrometer, relevant spectra, and calibration‐validation results.
Determination of lithium and transition metals in Li1Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Vortmann‐Westhoven Britta , Lürenbaum Constantin , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha 
Published: November 2016

In this work, we present a novel electrophoretic method that was developed for the determination of lithium and transition metals in LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material after microwave digestion. The cations in the digested LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 material were separated by CE and the element content was determined by UV/Vis detection. To characterize the precision of the measurements, the RSDs and concentrations were calculated and compared to those obtained with ICP‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). Furthermore, a certified reference material (BCR 176R—fly ash) was investigated for all techniques. For active material components, the LOD and LOQ were determined. The LODs and LOQs for the metals determined by CE were as follows: lithium (LOD/LOQ): 17.41/62.70 μg/L, cobalt (LOD/LOQ): 348.4/1283 μg/L, manganese (LOD/LOQ): 540.2/2095 μg/L, and nickel (LOD/LOQ): 838.0/2982 μg/L. Recovery rates for lithium were in the range of 95–103%. It could be proven that with the new technique, the results for the determination of the lithium content of active material were comparable with those obtained by ICP‐OES and ion chromatography. Furthermore, the recovery rates of the transition metals were determined to be between 96 and 110% by CE and ICP‐OES.
Co-exposure to sunlight enhances the toxicity of naturally weathered Deepwater Horizon oil to early lifestage red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and speckled seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus)
Authors: Alloy Matthew , Garner Thomas Ross , Nielsen Kristin M. , Mansfield Charles , Carney Michael , Forth Heather , Krasnec Michelle , Lay Claire , Takeshita Ryan , Morris Jeffrey , Bonnot Shane , Oris James , Roberts Aaron 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in the accidental release of millions of barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Photo-induced toxicity following co-exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is 1 mechanism by which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil spills may exert toxicity. Red drum and speckled seatrout are both important fishery resources in the Gulf of Mexico. They spawn near-shore and produce positively buoyant embryos that hatch into larvae in approximately 24 h. The goal of the present study was to determine whether exposure to UV as natural sunlight enhances the toxicity of crude oil to early lifestage red drum and speckled seatrout. Larval fish were exposed to several dilutions of high-energy water-accommodated fractions (HEWAFs) from 2 different oils collected in the field under chain of custody during the 2010 spill and 3 gradations of natural sunlight in a factorial design. Co-exposure to natural sunlight and oil significantly reduced larval survival compared with exposure to oil alone. Although both species were sensitive at PAH concentrations reported during the Deepwater Horizon spill, speckled seatrout demonstrated a greater sensitivity to photo-induced toxicity than red drum. These data demonstrate that even advanced weathering of slicks does not ameliorate the potential for photo-induced toxicity of oil to these species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:780–785. © 2016 SETAC
A Proposal to Address NFL Club Doctors’ Conflicts of Interest and to Promote Player Trust
Authors: Cohen I. Glenn , Lynch Holly Fernandez , Deubert Christopher R. 
Published: November 2016

How can we ensure that players in the National Football League receive excellent health care they can trust from providers who are as free from conflicts of interest as realistically possible? NFL players typically receive care from the club's own medical staff. Club doctors are clearly important stakeholders in player health. They diagnose and treat players for a variety of ailments, physical and mental, while making recommendations to the player concerning those ailments. At the same time, club doctors have obligations to the club, namely to inform and advise clubs about the health status of players. While players and clubs share an interest in player health—both of them want players to be healthy so they can play at peak performance—there are several areas where their interests can diverge, and the divergence presents legal and ethical challenges. The current structure forces club doctors to have obligations to two parties—the club and the player—and to make difficult judgments about when one party's interests must yield to another's. None of the three parties involved should prefer this conflicted approach.We propose to resolve the problem of dual loyalty by largely severing the club doctor's ties with the club and refashioning that role into one of singular loyalty to the player‐patient. The main idea is to separate the roles of serving the player and serving the club and replace them with two distinct sets of medical professionals: the Players' Medical Staff (with exclusive loyalty to the player) and the Club Evaluation Doctor (with exclusive loyalty to the club). We begin by explaining the broad ethical principles that guide us and that help shape our recommendation. We then provide a description of the role of the club doctor in the current system. After explaining the concern about the current NFL player health care structure, we provide a recommendation for improving this structure. We then discuss how the club medical staff fits into the broader microenvironment affecting player health.
Transient Treg depletion enhances therapeutic anti‐cancer vaccination
Authors: Fisher Scott A. , Aston Wayne J. , Chee Jonathan , Khong Andrea , Cleaver Amanda L. , Solin Jessica N. , Ma Shaokang , Lesterhuis W. Joost , Dick Ian , Holt Robert A. , Creaney Jenette , Boon Louis , Robinson Bruce , Lake Richard A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionRegulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role in suppressing anti‐ immunity and their depletion has been linked to improved outcomes. To better understand the role of Treg in limiting the efficacy of anti‐cancer immunity, we used a Diphtheria toxin (DTX) transgenic mouse model to specifically target and deplete Treg.MethodsTumor bearing BALB/c FoxP3.dtr transgenic mice were subjected to different treatment protocols, with or without Treg depletion and tumor growth and survival monitored.ResultsDTX specifically depleted Treg in a transient, dose‐dependent manner. Treg depletion correlated with delayed tumor growth, increased effector T cell (Teff) activation, and enhanced survival in a range of solid tumors. Tumor regression was dependent on Teffs as depletion of both CD4 and CD8 T cells completely abrogated any survival benefit. Severe morbidity following Treg depletion was only observed, when consecutive doses of DTX were given during peak CD8 T cell activation, demonstrating that Treg can be depleted on multiple occasions, but only when CD8 T cell activation has returned to base line levels. Finally, we show that even minimal Treg depletion is sufficient to significantly improve the efficacy of tumor‐peptide vaccination.ConclusionsBALB/c.FoxP3.dtr mice are an ideal model to investigate the full therapeutic potential of Treg depletion to boost anti‐tumor immunity. DTX‐mediated Treg depletion is transient, dose‐dependent, and leads to strong anti‐tumor immunity and complete tumor regression at high doses, while enhancing the efficacy of tumor‐specific vaccination at low doses. Together this data highlight the importance of Treg manipulation as a useful strategy for enhancing current and future cancer immunotherapies.
SYSTEMS OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING STANDARDS
Authors: Dahmann Judith , Roedler Garry 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAs systems of systems engineering (SoSE) matures, there is a growing interest in SoSE standardization. This has led the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 to establish a study group to investigate future opportunities for SoSE standardization. This paper reviews the approach taken by the study group, the issues that were investigated and the recommendations from the study. The study addresses the current perspectives on SoSE, the state of the practice, the existing level of standardization for SoSE, and the analysis and findings of the potential need for additional SoSE standardization. In looking at the current and potential future state of SoSE standardization, the study examined the adequacy, existing support to, and gaps in current standards that support the needs of SoSE and the SoSE standardization solutions. This article discusses the move toward SoSE standards and the ISO study recommendations for SoSE standards initiatives.
BRUNEI COMMUNICATION NAVIGATION SURVEILLANCE/AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (CNS/ATM) SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS: CASE STUDY OF AN ATM PROJECT
Authors: Menard Cedric , Philippe Mathieu 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTNational air traffic management (ATM) systems generally evolve over time and can often be considered as an evolving integration of multiple pre‐existing systems that have been supplied by different vendors through various upgrades. This article describes a major upgrade to the Brunei Communication Navigation Surveillance /Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) system that was commissioned in 2016. This was a very successful project and insights on this success are provided from organizational, technical, and human perspectives
RAIL SYSTEMS VIEWED FROM A SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Hoehne Oliver 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTTransportation systems in general, and rail systems in particular, are large and geographically distributed systems. While individual carriers may be independently operated and managed, they often use the infrastructure and resources (roads, track, and stations) of other entities such as Amtrak or freight railroads.This INSIGHT article describes why rail systems are in fact systems of systems (SoS), and what types of SoS they represent. It will use the California High‐Speed Rail System (CHSRS), a rail system currently in design and build, as an example to illustrate insights into the application of systems of systems engineering (SoSE), and how it benefits from the growing awareness of SoS Engineering.
TOOL AND TECHNIQUES – DANSE
Authors: Tim Lochow 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe DANSE (Design for Adaptability and evolutioN in Systems of systems Engineering) project (2011‐2015) presents one of the first key research innovation actions launched and funded by the FP7 program (INFSO‐ICT‐287716) in the frame of systems of systems engineering research. It addressed the development of new methods and tools supporting the Design for Adaptability and evolutioN in Systems of systems Engineering (SoSE). The DANSE consortium consists of 12 European organizations including large system integrators in the aerospace/ defence and electronics domain, engineering software tool vendors, and research organisations in the domain of embedded systems.The article provides an overview and short introduction to the large set of tangible results of the project. One of the key assets the project developed was a cohesive methodology that defines the role of SoSE as integral part of an evolutionary, adaptive, and iterative SoS lifecycle. The methods and tools elaborated along this methodology are based on the concept of contracts as semantically‐sound models for SoS interoperations allowing a step change in architecting approaches for SoS – supporting continuous and non‐disruptive constituent system integration.More public and detailed information about the project can be also obtained on the official DANSE website (www.danse‐ip.eu).