bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adequacy of palliative care in a single tertiary neonatal unit
Authors: Gilmour Deborah , Davies Mark W , Herbert Anthony R 
Published: October 2016

AimEnd‐of‐life care remains part of the scope of practice in all neonatal units. This study aimed to characterise the end‐of‐life care provided in an Australian tertiary neonatal centre, where paediatric palliative care was accessible via a consultative service.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined indicators of quality palliative care provided to 46 infants born within a 30‐month period. The cohort included four infants who received palliative care consultations additional to usual neonatal care. The care provided was characterised using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe most common causes of death were congenital abnormality (37%) and complications of extreme prematurity (22%). Very high proportions of infants and families had family meetings (100%), social worker involvement (100%), memory‐making opportunities (100%) and discussion of autopsy (91%). Opiates were prescribed to 76% in the last day of life; most (89%) were administered intravenously. For those prescribed opiates, the median parenteral morphine daily equivalent was 290 mcg/kg/day (interquartile range = 317) in the last 24 h of life. Antenatal resuscitation planning for families of a fetus with a prenatal diagnosis (9%), discussion of preferred location of death (9%), verbal communication with general practitioners (15%) and access to specialised bereavement care (3%) were infrequently provided.ConclusionsAt the time of this study, the neonatal unit was not meeting all of the end‐of‐life care needs of infants and their families. Care was generally more comprehensive when the palliative care service was consulted.
Use of accelerometry to investigate physical activity in dogs receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Helm J. , McBrearty A. , Fontaine S. , Morrison R. , Yam P. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo perform a preliminary study to assess whether single‐agent palliative or adjuvant chemotherapy has an impact on objectively measured physical activity in dogs.MethodsFifteen dogs with neoplasia (treatment group) woreActiGraph™accelerometers for 5‐day periods before, during and after receiving single‐agent adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy. Mean 5‐day total physical activity and time spent in three different intensities of activity (sedentary, light‐moderate and vigorous) before, during and after receiving chemotherapy were compared to a group of 15 healthy dogs (control group). Results were also compared within the treatment group across time.ResultsPrior to chemotherapy, treated dogs tended to be less active than control dogs. Treatment group dogs were slightly more active at restaging than they were prior to treatment but had similar activity levels to control dogs. Marked effects of chemotherapy on physical activity were not detected. Physical activity was slightly lower in treated dogs during chemotherapy when compared to control dogs but there was a slight increase in physical activity of treated dogs during chemotherapy when compared with pretreatment recordings. There was little change in the mean 5‐day total physical activity between treated dogs during chemotherapy and at restaging but a mild decrease in time spent sedentary and increase in time spent in light‐moderate activity at this comparison of time points.Clinical SignificanceSingle‐agent adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy had minimal impact on physical activity levels in dogs with neoplasia.
Methods for Studying the Structure of Social Representations: A Critical Review and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Lo Monaco Grégory , Piermattéo Anthony , Rateau Patrick , Tavani Jean Louis 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article deals with the methodologies commonly used in the framework of the structural approach to social representations. It concerns free and hierarchical evocations, the characterization questionnaire, the similarity analysis, the basic cognitive schemes model, the attribute‐challenge technique and the test of context independence. More than a simple review of these methodologies, it offers a critical approach concerning the problems encountered and related to: thresholds or “cutoff points” used to diagnose the structure (core vs. periphery) and the accuracy of the structural diagnosis, grouping methods employed to reduce the corpus of verbal associations, the dilemma between reliability and feasibility, especially in field research, the adequacy and number of modalities of response in the framework of the structural diagnosis. Following this evaluation, this article suggests potential solutions to overcome these methodological limitations. Moreover, as methodological issues are closely related to theoretical questions, the link between social representation theory and identity approaches is discussed.
Influence of Stocking Density on Growth and Physiological Responses of Beluga, Huso huso (Brandt, 1869), and Ship Sturgeon, Acipenser nudiventris (Lovetsky, 1828), Juveniles in a Flow‐through System
Authors: Feshalami Mohammad Yooneszadeh , Amiri Farokh , Nikpey Mansour , Mortazavizadeh Seyed Abdolsaheb , Gisbert Enric , Mozanzadeh Mansour Torfi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe influence of three different initial stocking densities (low stocking density [LSD] = 1.5 kg/m2; medium stocking density [MSD] = 3 kg/m2; and high stocking density [HSD] = 6 kg/m2) in flow‐through systems was evaluated on growth and welfare in beluga, Huso huso, and ship sturgeon, Acipenser nudiventris, juveniles for 2 mo. Fish were kept in 18 concrete square tanks (2.0 × 1.0 × 1.2 m3) at 22.3 ± 0.4 C and under a natural photoperiod. In both species, the growth performance in terms of final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed intake significantly decreased with increasing stocking density (P < 0.05). In both species, the percent of neutrophils increased after 60 d of trial (P < 0.05). Moreover, hematocrit and white blood cell counts increased after 60 d of trial in ship sturgeon (P < 0.05). Plasma immunoglobulin significantly decreased with increasing stocking density in both species. Plasma insulin‐like growth factor I decreased with increasing stocking density in beluga; however, it was not affected in ship sturgeon. Overall, these results showed that the LSD group in both species demonstrated more homogeneous and higher growth rate than the MSD and HSD groups.
Inequitable variations: a review of research in technology, literacy studies and special education
Authors: Pandya Jessica Zacher , Ávila JuliAnna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis essay presents the results of a review of research published in the last 10 years on the uses of what we term ‘productive’ digital technologies in special education contexts. There is little overlap between research on productive technologies such as digital storytelling in mainstream contexts and research on technology use to support literacy learning in special education classrooms. Analysis centred on theoretical frameworks, research methods, educational contexts and technologies used with children and youth labelled with special needs. The initial sample of refereed journal articles (n = 1,132) was reduced to 14 studies for review. Results suggest large variations in the knowledge base about why, how, when and to what effects productive technologies might be used with children labelled with special needs. The essay presents further areas for theorising and research in the juncture of these separate fields to address the inequitable variations and social justice issues engendered by current research and practice.
Combination of tauroursodeoxycholic acid and N‐acetylcysteine exceeds standard treatment for acetaminophen intoxication
Authors: Paridaens Annelies , Raevens Sarah , Colle Isabelle , Bogaerts Eliene , Vandewynckel Yves‐Paul , Verhelst Xavier , Hoorens Anne , van Grunsven Leo A. , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Geerts Anja , Devisscher Lindsey 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsAcetaminophen overdose in mice is characterized by hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress, which activates the unfolded protein response, and centrilobular hepatocyte death. We aimed at investigating the therapeutic potential of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a hydrophilic bile acid known to have anti‐apoptotic and endoplasmic reticulum stress‐reducing capacities, in experimental acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen overdose.MethodsMice were injected with 300 mg/kg acetaminophen, 2 hours prior to receiving tauroursodeoxycholic acid, N‐acetylcysteine or a combination therapy, and were euthanized 24 hours later. Liver damage was assessed by serum transaminases, liver histology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling staining, expression profiling of inflammatory, oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, apoptotic and pyroptotic markers.ResultsAcetaminophen overdose resulted in a significant increase in serum transaminases, hepatocyte cell death, unfolded protein response activation, oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase 1 and pro‐inflammatory cytokine expressions. Standard of care, N‐acetylcysteine and, to a lesser extent, tauroursodeoxycholic treatment were associated with significantly lower transaminase levels, hepatocyte death, unfolded protein response activation, oxidative stress markers, caspase 1 expression and NLRP3 levels. Importantly, the combination of N‐acetylcysteine and tauroursodeoxycholic acid improved serum transaminase levels, reduced histopathological liver damage, UPR‐activated CHOP, oxidative stress, caspase 1 expression, NLRP3 levels, IL‐1β levels and the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and this to a greater extend than N‐acetylcysteine alone.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that a combination strategy of N‐acetylcysteine and tauroursodeoxycholic acid surpasses the standard of care in acetaminophen‐induced liver injury in mice and might represent an attractive therapeutic opportunity for acetaminophen‐intoxicated patients.
The soluble mannose receptor is released from the liver in cirrhotic patients, but is not associated with bacterial translocation
Authors: Laursen Tea L. , Rødgaard‐Hansen Sidsel , Møller Holger J. , Mortensen Christian , Karlsen Stine , Nielsen Dennis T. , Frevert Susanne , Clemmesen Jens O. , Møller Søren , Jensen Jørgen S. , Bendtsen Flemming , Grønbæk Henning 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsIntestinal bacterial translocation is involved in activation of liver macrophages in cirrhotic patients. Macrophages play a key role in liver inflammation and are involved in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and complications. Bacterial translocation may be determined by presence of bacterial DNA and macrophage activation, by the soluble mannose receptor. We hypothesize that the soluble mannose receptor is released from hepatic macrophages in cirrhosis and associated with bacterial DNA, portal pressure and complications.MethodsWe investigated 28 cirrhotic patients set for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion as a result of refractory ascites (n=17), acute (n=3), or recurrent variceal bleeding (n=8). We analysed plasma from the portal and hepatic veins for bacterial DNA and soluble mannose receptor with qPCR and ELISA.ResultsThe median soluble mannose receptor level was elevated in the hepatic vein compared with the portal vein (0.57(interquartile range 0.31) vs 0.55(0.40) mg/L, P=.005). The soluble mannose receptor levels were similar in bacterial DNA‐positive and ‐negative patients. The soluble mannose receptor level in the portal and hepatic veins correlated with the portal pressure prior to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion (r=.52, P<.008, both) and the levels correlated with Child‐Pugh score (r=.63 and r=.56, P<.004, both). We observed higher soluble mannose receptor levels in patients with acute variceal bleeding compared to other indications (P<.05).ConclusionThis study showed hepatic soluble mannose receptor excretion with a higher level in the hepatic than the portal vein, though with no associations to bacterial DNA. We observed associations between soluble mannose receptor levels and portal pressure and higher levels in patients with acute variceal bleeding indicating the soluble mannose receptor as a marker of complications of cirrhosis, but not bacterial translocation.
Acute kidney injury post‐major orthopaedic surgery: A single‐Centre case–control study
Authors: Ying Tracey , Chan Samantha , Lane Stephen , Somerville Christine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo identify risk factors for acute kidney injury following major orthopaedic surgery.MethodsWe included all patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery at University Hospital Geelong between 2008 and 2014 in the study. Out of 2188 surgeries audited, we identified cases of acute kidney injury using the RIFLE criteria and matched those to controls 2:1 for age, sex, procedure and chronic kidney disease stage. We reviewed their records for risk factors of postoperative acute kidney injury, including medications such as gentamicin, diuretics, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. We reviewed the patients' history of cardiovascular disease, chronic liver disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus along with presence of sepsis and obesity. Associations of hypothetical risk factors were estimated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsWe identified 164 cases of AKI in an elderly cohort (median age = 73 years). Controlling for baseline comorbidities, both diuretic and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use were found to be associated with a twofold risk of acute kidney injury (diuretic – OR 2.06 95% CI:1.30–3.26, P < 0.005, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use OR 2.09 95% CI:1.31–3.32, P < 0.005). A dose‐effect model accounting for perioperative nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration demonstrated a linear relationship between the number of times these drugs were given and postoperative acute kidney injury risk (OR 1.35 95% CI:1.05–1.73, P = 0.02).ConclusionsWe identified perioperative diuretics, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker to be significantly associated with postoperative AKI. Further prospective studies are required to confirm this.
Temperature‐dependent autoimmunity mediated by chs1 requires its neighboring TNL gene SOC3
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wang Yuancong , Liu Jingyan , Ding Yanglin , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Yule , Yang Shuhua 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Toll/interleukin receptor (TIR)‐nucleotide binding site (NB)‐type (TN) proteins are encoded by a family of 21 genes in the Arabidopsis genome. Previous studies have shown that a mutation in the TN gene CHS1 activates the activation of defense responses at low temperatures. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown.

To genetically dissect chs1‐mediated signaling, we isolated genetic suppressors of chs1‐2 (soc). Several independent soc mutants carried mutations in the same TIR‐NB‐leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) (TNL)‐encoding gene SOC3, which is adjacent to CHS1 on chromosome 1.

Expression of SOC3 was upregulated in the chs1‐2 mutant. Mutations in six soc3 alleles and downregulation of SOC3 by an artificial microRNA construct fully rescued the chilling sensitivity and defense defects of chs1‐2. Biochemical studies showed that CHS1 interacted with the NB and LRR domains of SOC3; however, mutated chs1 interacted with the TIR, NB and LRR domains of SOC3 in vitro and in vivo.

This study reveals that the TN protein CHS1 interacts with the TNL protein SOC3 to modulate temperature‐dependent autoimmunity.
Exploring power and influence in nutrition policy in Australia
Authors: Cullerton K. , Donnet T. , Lee A. , Gallegos D. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe food industry is often described as having more power and influence in nutrition policymaking than nutrition professionals, scientists and other practitioners working for the public interest; yet authors often allude to this point as an assumed truth, rather than an evidence‐based fact. This paper applies social network analysis techniques to provide a concise evidence‐based demonstration of the food industry's capacity to influence nutrition policymaking networks in Australia. Network analysis using four rounds of data collection was undertaken, and the capacity of individual actors and occupational categories to influence policy decision makers were analysed. Network graphs were developed using cluster analysis to identify the structure of clusters and the path distance of actors from decision makers. The assumed advantage for the ‘food industry’ was present both strategically in overall network position and with respect to the number of direct access points to ‘decision makers’, whereas ‘nutrition professionals’ were densely clustered together with limited links to key ‘decision makers’. The results demonstrate that the food industry holds the strategic high ground in advocating their interests to policymakers in the contexts studied. Nutrition professionals may be hampered by their reliance on strong ties with other nutrition professionals as well as limited direct links to ‘decision makers’.
Proteroctopus ribeti in coleoid evolution
Authors: Kruta Isabelle , Rouget Isabelle , Charbonnier Sylvain , Bardin Jérémie , Fernandez Vincent , Germain Damien , Brayard Arnaud , Landman Neil 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPalaeontological data are key elements for inferring ancestral character states and the assembly of character complexes, but cephalopod fossils preserving soft tissues are very rare. The exceptionally well‐preserved, unique specimen of Jurassic Proteroctopus ribeti Fischer & Riou from the Lagerstätte of La‐Voulte‐sur‐Rhône (c. 165 Ma, France) is one of the few fossil octopod related taxa, but is rarely considered in evolutionary studies. In this paper, we used synchrotron microtomography to reappraise its external characters and for the first time, to reveal its internal structures. A unique character association is found with two fins, head fused to the body, eight well‐developed arms with cirri and two rows of oblique suckers, a gladius and absence of an ink sac. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that Proteroctopus is a basal member of the Vampyropoda. However, this result should be interpreted with caution due to the number of unknown character states in the matrix. Contrary to previous assumptions, the phylogenetic position of Proteroctopus, as well as its stratigraphic occurrence, suggest that the arrangement of biserial suckers may be the ancestral condition in Vampyropoda.
Epidemiologic Analysis of Onychomycosis in the San Diego Pediatric Population
Authors: Totri Christine R. , Feldstein Stephanie , Admani Shehla , Friedlander Sheila F. , Eichenfield Lawrence F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis (OM) is thought to be a rare disease in children, although there are few epidemiologic studies.MethodsThis 3‐year retrospective case series of nearly 400 children seen at Rady Children's Hospital–San Diego (RCHSD) describes the characteristics of OM found in this pediatric population.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2013, the Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology Clinic at RCHSD saw a total of 36,634 unique patients, of whom 433 were unique patients with OM. Thirty‐four patients met exclusion criteria, leaving 399 (1.1%) with a diagnosis of OM by a pediatric dermatologist. Nail cultures were obtained in 242 cases (60.7%), 116 (48.0%) of which were positive. Trichophyton rubrum was the most commonly isolated pathogen, responsible for 106 cases (91.3%) of positive cultures in the cohort.ConclusionsOur study provides important regional information regarding epidemiologic data in pediatric onychomycosis, highlighting the diagnostic methods most commonly used and the pathogens most frequently encountered in our practice.
Pediatric Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Retrospective Review of Clinical Features, Etiologic Associations, and Treatment
Authors: Schoch Jennifer J. , Tolkachjov Stanislav N. , Cappel Jonathan A. , Gibson Lawrence E. , Davis Dawn Marie R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a neutrophilic dermatosis rarely seen in children. Its features have not been well characterized in children. We sought to characterize the clinical features, etiologic associations, and treatment of PG in children younger than 18 years.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of children younger than 18 years with PG at the Mayo Clinic from January 1976 to August 2013.ResultsThirteen children with PG were identified (n = 8; 62% female). All had ulcerations, with 62% having pustular lesions. Sites of involvement included the trunk (77%), lower extremities (77%), upper extremities (38%), and head and neck (38%). Nine (69%) had an underlying comorbidity, including seven with Crohn's disease (54%), one with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (8%), and one with pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne syndrome (8%). Treatments included topical or local care (92%) and systemic therapies (85%) such as oral corticosteroids (62%) and sulfasalazine or related 5‐aminosalicylate drugs (46%). The clinical course did not correlate with that of the underlying systemic disease and response to treatment varied.ConclusionPediatric PG has a more varied anatomic distribution and a greater predominance of pustular lesions than PG in adults and a strong association with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topical Cidofovir for Recalcitrant Verrucae in Individuals with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Henrickson Sarah E. , Treat James R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVerrucae vulgaris in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCST) can be challenging to manage. We describe two brothers with X‐linked SCID who had severe, persistent verrucae that did not respond to traditional topical therapies, including liquid nitrogen, imiquimod, salicylic acid, sinecatechins, 40% urea, and 5‐fluorourcil. Both brothers had full response to topical 3% cidofovir, which should be considered in recalcitrant warts in individuals with SCID after HSCT.