bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esthetic Evaluation of Anterior Single‐Tooth Implants with Different Abutment Designs—Patients’ Satisfaction Compared to Dentists’ Observations
Authors: Patil Ratnadeep , Gresnigt Marco M.M. , Mahesh Kavita , Dilbaghi Anjali , Cune Marco S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeTo correlate patients’ satisfaction and dentists’ observations regarding two abutment designs used for single crowns in the esthetic zone: a divergent one (control) and a curved one (experimental), with special emphasis on muco‐gingival esthetics.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐six patients with nonadjacent missing teeth in the esthetic zone were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial (within‐subject comparison). Two implants placed in each were restored using abutments of different geometry. Patients’ appreciation was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) by recording answers to three questions, and dentists’ appreciation was determined by means of the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) at T0 (crown cementation, baseline) and at T12 (1 year post‐cementation). ANOVA with post hoc analysis was used to identify differences between groups and at different moments in time. Pearson correlations were calculated between all variables, both at T0 and at T12.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found at any time between the control and experimental abutment design, either for the PES or for the VAS score. PES slightly improved after 1 year, as did the VAS rating related to functioning with the implant‐crown compared to the natural teeth. All PES and VAS scores demonstrated highly significant correlation. Both patient satisfaction and professional appreciation of muco‐gingival conditions after single implant treatment in the esthetic zone were high; however, the curved, experimental abutment design performed no better than the conventional, divergent type.ConclusionCurved abutment design does not significantly impact crown or gingival esthetics as assessed by PES and VAS scored by dentists and patients, respectively.
Detachable Palatal Ramp of Teeth to Improve Comfort in a Completely Edentulous Patient with a Segmentally Resected Mandible
Authors: Hindocha Amit D. , Dudani Mohit T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient with segmental resection of the mandible (without osseous reconstruction) poses a considerable challenge to the restoring prosthodontist. Due to the absence of natural teeth in both arches, it is difficult to correct the mandibular deviation with the aid of guidance prostheses. Prosthetic management of such patients usually consists of a maxillary complete denture and mandibular segmental denture occluding in the deviated position itself. An additional ramp or row of denture teeth is placed on the palatal surface of the maxillary denture to facilitate this; however, patient comfort levels (during functions such as phonation) are found to be adversely impacted due to the encroachment of the tongue space by the position of the ramp. This report describes an innovative technique to overcome this problem by fabrication of a detachable ramp of additional denture teeth in the maxillary denture. The patient could wear the denture comfortably without the palatal ramp throughout the day and could attach the palatal ramp while eating.
Dispositional Anxiety and Frontal‐Midline Theta: On the Modulatory Influence of Sex and Situational Threat
Authors: Osinsky Roman , Karl Christian , Hewig Johannes 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn their adaptive control hypothesis, Cavanagh and Shackman (2015) recently claimed that dispositional anxiety is correlated with frontal‐midline theta (FMθ) as a generic “need for control” signal of the anterior midcingulate cortex. Here, we tested this assumption, also considering potential modulatory influences of anticipatory threat and individuals’ sex. In a nonclinical sample of 168 participants (84 women), electroencephalogram was recorded while individuals performed a simple two‐choice task. Half of the participants were assigned to a threat anticipation condition (anticipation of public speaking), whereas the other half was assigned to a control condition. State anxiety was monitored across the experiment. Dispositional anxiety was assessed by self‐report scales, which were completed before individuals came to the laboratory. Target stimuli in the two‐choice task induced a transient increase in FMθ power that was subject to an interaction of dispositional anxiety, sex, and experimental group. Only in women who anticipated public speaking did we observe a substantial positive relation between dispositional anxiety and general FMθ power. Our results indicate that the link between dispositional anxiety and FMθ is not universal but rather depends on complex interactions of individuals’ sex and situational threat.
Antioxidant properties in a non-polar environment of difluoromethyl bioisosteres of methyl hydroxycinnamates
Authors: Martínez Mario D , Luna Lorena , Tesio Alvaro Y , Feresin Gabriela E , Durán Fernando J , Burton Gerardo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Many natural antioxidants have poor pharmacokinetic properties that impair their therapeutic use. For hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) and other phenolic antioxidants, their major drawback is their low lipophilicity and a rapid metabolism. The difluoromethyl group may be considered as a ‘lipophilic hydroxyl' due to its hydrogen bond donor and acceptor properties; this prompted us to assess it as a bioisosteric replacement of a phenolic hydroxyl for increasing the lipophilicity of HCAs.

Methods
Six difluoromethyl-substituted methyl cinnamates (4a-c, 5a-c) related to caffeic acid were synthesized and their antioxidant activity evaluated by chemical (FRAP, DPPH scavenging, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching, at 1–200 μm), electrochemical (differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry) and cell-based (inhibition of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, at 1 and 50 μm) assays.

Key fndings
Analogues 4a-c and 5a-c were inactive in FRAP and DPPH assays and only those containing a free phenolic hydroxyl (4a and 5a) exhibited electrochemical activity although with high redox potentials. Compounds 4a,b and 5a,b were active in the inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assay and all analogues inhibited lipid peroxidation in the human erythrocytes assay.

Conclusions
Lipophilic difluoromethyl-substituted cinnamic esters retain radical scavenging capabilities that prove useful to confer antioxidant properties in a non-polar environment.
Ruthenium-based nitric oxide-donating and carbon monoxide-donating molecules
Authors: Pauwels Bart , Boydens Charlotte , Vanden Daele Laura , Van de Voorde Johan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Over the past few years, the use of metallocomplexes for medical purposes has considerably grown. Because of its favourable characteristics, ruthenium has taken a significant place in this expanding field of research. Several ruthenium-containing metal compounds have been developed as delivery agents of physiological important molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO).

Key findings
This review focuses on the (vaso)relaxant capacity of ruthenium-based NO-donating and CO-donating molecules in view of their potential usefulness in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and erectile dysfunction.

Summary
Ruthenium seems to be a valuable candidate for the design of NO-donating and CO-donating molecules. To date, ruthenium remains of interest in drug research as the search for new alternatives is still necessary.
Colloidal carriers for extended absorption window of furosemide
Authors: Sultan Amal A , El-Gizawy Sanaa A , Osman Mohamed A , El Maghraby Gamal M 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Objectives
The aim was to investigate the potential of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) and niosomes as carriers for widening the gastrointestinal absorption window of furosemide (model acidic drug).

Methods
The drug was incorporated in SMEDDS and was encapsulated into niosomes. The intestinal absorption was monitored at two anatomical sites (duodenum and jejuno-ileum). This employed in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique.

Key findings
Perfusion of drug solution (control) revealed poor intestinal permeability with per cent fraction absorbed (%Fa) from the duodenum and jejuno-ileum being 1.3 and 0.6 % per cm, respectively. Formulation of furosemide as SMEDDS increased the %Fa from the duodenum and jejuno-ileum to reach 1.7 and 1 % per cm, respectively. Niosomal encapsulation increased the %Fa from duodenum and jejuno-ileum to record 1.9 and 1.2 % per cm, respectively. The increase in the %Fa was also revealed as a reduction in the length required for 95 % absorption of the drug which was reduced from 557.2 to 245.8 cm and to 279.8 cm after delivery as niosomes or SMEDDS, respectively, in case of jejuno-ileum. The same trend was recorded with the duodenum.

Conclusion
The recorded results highlighted the potential for SMEDDS and niosomes for widening the absorption window of acidic drugs after oral administration.
Vegetation patterns along micro‐relief and vegetation type transects in polygonal landscapes of the Siberian Arctic
Authors: Zibulski Romy , Herzschuh Ulrike , Pestryakova Luidmila A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractQuestionHow important is the effect of micro‐relief and vegetation type on the characteristics of vascular plants and bryophytes in low‐centred polygons?LocationSiberian Arctic, Russia.MethodsEight low‐centred polygons in northern Siberia were surveyed for vegetation along transects running from the rim to the pond via the rim–pond transition of each polygon and across a vegetation type gradient from open forest to tundra.ResultsThe cover of vascular plants and bryophytes displays no significant differences between the rim and rim–pond transition but is significantly lower in the pond section of the polygons. Alpha‐diversity of vascular plants decreases strongly from rim to pond, whereas bryophyte diversity in pond plots is significantly distinct from the rim and the rim–pond transition. There is no clear trend in cover for either plant group along the vegetation type transect and only a weak trend in α‐diversity. However, both gradients are reflected in the compositional turnover. The applied indicator species analysis identified taxa characteristic of certain environmental conditions. Among others, we found vascular plants primarily characteristic of the rim and bryophyte taxa characteristic of each micro‐relief level and vegetation type.ConclusionsThe observed gradual pattern in α‐diversity and composition of polygonal vegetation suggests that micro‐relief is the main driver of changes in the vegetation composition, while vegetation type and the related forest cover change are of subordinate importance for polygonal vegetation patterns along the Siberian tree line.
Why Listen to Philosophers? A Constructive Critique of Disciplinary Philosophy
Authors: Loncar Samuel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article articulates a fundamental crisis of disciplinary philosophy—its lack of disciplinary self‐consciousness and the skeptical problems this generates—and, through that articulation, exemplifies a means of mitigating its force. Disciplinary philosophy organizes itself as a producer of specialized knowledge, with the apparatus of journals, publication requirements, and other professional standards, but it cannot agree on what constitutes knowledge, progress, or value, and evinces ignorance of its history and alternatives. This situation engenders a skepticism that threatens the legitimacy of disciplinary philosophy. The article proposes a response to this skepticism, rooted in the conditions that philosophers evince a specific kind of awareness of their own activity and its professional and cultural location, demonstrate this awareness by articulating it in the practice of philosophy itself, and recognize that precisely such articulation lies at the core of the Socratic idea of philosophy as a form of self‐knowledge.
The Institution of Philosophy: Escaping Disciplinary Capture
Authors: Briggle Adam , Frodeman Robert 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPhilosophers view themselves as critical thinkers par excellence. But they have overlooked the institutional arrangements that govern their lives. The early twentieth‐century research university disciplined philosophers, placing them in departments, where they wrote for and were judged by their disciplinary (and now increasingly subdisciplinary) peers. Oddly, this change has been unremarked upon, or has been treated as simply part of the necessary professionalization of an academic field of research. The department has been tacitly assumed to be a neutral space from which thought germinates; it is not itself an object of reflection. We find no explorations of the effects that departmentalization might have on philosophical theorizing, or speculations about where else philosophers could be housed, or how, by being located elsewhere, they might develop alternative accounts of the world or have come up with new ways of philosophizing.
The Problem of Relevance and the Future of Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Carroll Thomas D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDespite the growth in research in philosophy of religion over the past several decades, recent years have seen a number of critical studies of this subfield in an effort to redirect the methods and topics of inquiry. This article argues that in addition to problems of religious parochialism described by critics such as Wesley Wildman, the subfield is facing a problem of relevance. In responding to this problem, it suggests that philosophers of religion should do three things: first, be critically self‐aware about their aims of inquiry; second, investigate concepts used by other philosophers, scientists, and religious studies scholars to identify and dispel confusion about religions; and third, following the model of applied ethics, work to clarify concepts and advance arguments of contemporary practical urgency.
Philosophy's Tragedy
Authors: Cooper Andrew 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIs tragedy, as Nietzsche declared, dead? In recent years many philosophers have reconsidered tragedy's relation to philosophy. While tragedy is deemed to contain important lessons for philosophy, there is a consensus that it remains a thing of the past. This article calls this consensus into question, arguing that it reifies tragedy, keeping tragedy at arm's length. With the interest of identifying the necessity of tragedy to philosophy, it draws from Quentin Skinner to put forward an alternative approach to genre as living form. This approach alters our understanding of the philosopher at the heart of philosophy's dialogue with tragedy, Immanuel Kant. Moreover, it shows that tragedy is closer to contemporary philosophy than we might think.
Business Ethics without Philosophers? Evidence for and Implications of the Shift From Applied Philosophers to Business Scholars on the Editorial Boards of Business Ethics Journals
Authors: Seele Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article considers the relationship between business ethics and philosophy, specifically in relation to the field and persons working in it. The starting point is a grammatical one: business ethics by the rules of grammar belongs to ethics. In terms of academic disciplines, it belongs to applied ethics, which belongs to ethics, which belongs to practical philosophy, which belongs to philosophy. However, in the field of business ethics today one will seldom meet colleagues from philosophy; instead, they will come from business, applying business studies perspectives, approaches, and increasingly quantitative methods. This article provides empirical evidence that today the three top journals with “business ethics” in their titles (and “awarded” a high impact factor) are mostly run (in terms of their editorial boards) by business scholars with PhDs in business. The article compares the three journals today with their inaugural issues and finds that at their inception all three were run by a majority of philosophers. The article discusses six possible explanations for this shift and provides suggestions for how to bring business ethics back to philosophers (and vice versa).
Utopias and Comparative Assessments of Justice
Authors: García Gibson Francisco 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWhen we make public policy choices, is it helpful to know how utopia (that is, the perfectly just institutional design) would look? Amartya Sen argues that it is neither necessary, nor sufficient, nor even contributory. He claims that before making a policy choice one should compare several feasible institutional designs to see which promotes justice most (a “comparative assessment” of justice), and that it is misleading to use the perfect design as a standard in those comparisons. Principles of justice are the proper standard. The present article contends that the perfect design has nevertheless an important role to play in the prior task of identifying and refining our principles of justice. It also shows that the perfect design—in at least one sense of this term—may be a legitimate long‐term goal for present policy choices.
Trapping the Metasemantic Metaphilosophical Deflationist?
Authors: Warren Jared 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSome philosophers are metaphilosophical deflationists for metasemantic reasons. These theorists take standard philosophical assertions to be defective in some manner. There are various versions ofmetasemantic metaphilosophical deflationism, but a trap awaits any global version of it: metasemantics itself is a part of philosophy, so in deflating philosophy these theorists have thereby deflated the foundation of their deflationism. The present article discusses this issue and the prospects for an adequate response to the trap. Contrary to most historical responses (some of which it discusses), the article argues that the best response to the trap is to adopt a local but still pervasive metasemantic deflationism. Such a response might seem ad hoc, but the article argues that the human activity of philosophy isn't a natural kind, and that a heterogeneous metaphilosophy of the appropriate kind is well motivated.
Being Met as marked – patients’ experiences of being infected with community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Skyman Eva , Lindahl Berit , Bergbom Ingegerd , Sjöström Harrieth Thunberg , Åhrén Christina 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundIt is known that patients who acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals suffer and feel as plague. Moreover, the patient interaction with nurses and physicians is described as frightening. Little is known about patient experiences after having acquired CA‐MRSA concerning care and everyday life.AimTo reveal and interpret otherwise healthy patients’ lived experiences of receiving care and their everyday life after having acquired community MRSA (CA‐MRSA).MethodsA phenomenological hermeneutic approach guided by Ricouer was conducted. Interviews with twelve patients were transcribed verbatim into a text. The text was analysed in three phases: naive understanding, structural analysis and comprehensive understanding to reveal a possible being in the world. In this study, this referred to what it means to be infected with CA‐MRSA.ResultsThe findings indicate that patients who acquired MRSA experience a changed body image. They suffer from ignorant and frightened behavior from healthcare workers, social contacts, and also of being bullied by colleagues. Despite this, patients assume great responsibility for protecting others. However, knowledgeable staff alleviate suffering and bring peace of mind to the patients.ConclusionsPreventing patient's feelings of being a pest, an outsider living with fear, requires urgent education and understanding about resistant bacteria and how to meet an infected patient. The results describing patients, affected with MRSA, may contribute and touch the readers to better understanding of patient's changed body image and suffering and how to mitigate these feelings.
European Monetary Unification: A Few Lessons for East Asia
Authors: De Grauwe Paul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, I analyze the experience of European monetary and financial integration to shed some light on the question of the desirability and feasibility of monetary unification in East Asia. The experience of Europe shows that trying to fix the exchange rates when capital is freely moving is unsustainable and leads to frequent speculative crises. This leads to only two options: Either a monetary union or floating exchange rates. Monetary union requires very intrusive political unification. Given the complete absence of political unification in Asia, the only possible conclusion is that Asia will have to live with increasing exchange rate volatility.
It takes two to tango: A regime‐switching analysis of the correlation dynamics between the mainland Chinese and Hong Kong stock markets
Authors: Ho Kin‐Yip , Shi Yanlin , Zhang Zhaoyong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper proposes a regime‐switching model to examine the correlation dynamics of the mainland Chinese and Hong Kong stock markets with high‐frequency A‐, B‐, H‐shares and Red Chip indexes. We find significant evidence of volatility persistence and asymmetries in these markets. Our model further suggests all correlations are significantly time‐varying with various patterns and co‐persistence in both low‐ and high‐correlation states. Our findings have important implications for both policymakers and investors, such as understanding the extent and nature of integration between the mainland Chinese and Hong Kong stock markets over time and developing dynamic strategies for optimal hedging and portfolio management.
The Effect of China's Rise on FDI Competition in East Asia: Crowding‐out or Crowding‐in?
Authors: Sohn Chan‐Hyun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the China Effect on FDI competition in East Asia: Does China's FDI crowd out or crowd in FDIs in ASEAN countries? Previous research utilized a gravity equation that has no theoretical foundation for FDI flows. This study applies a theory‐based Knowledge‐Capital Model modified to incorporate preferential market‐openings by FTAs and BITs that directly affect investment and trade costs. Using country‐pair data for China and ASEAN with 34 OECD home countries during 1985–2010, panel analyses are performed. The results suggest that China's rise does not threaten ASEAN countries but induces a strong synergetic effect on FDIs into them. In attracting FDI inflows, China and ASEAN countries are friends, not foes.