bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing attainment of CEO position for women
Authors: Hurley Dene , Choudhary Amod 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to determine possible differences in causes or characteristics between men and women in attaining the CEO position in large publicly listed companies in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
T-test statistic, correlation analyses and logit model were used to determine the role individual factors (tenure in management roles, age of CEOs, number of children, years of education) and the firm-level factor (number of employees, net income) play in determining the likelihood of having a female CEO.

Findings
The research results show that years of education, the number of children and the number of employees in the business play significant roles in determining the likelihood of having a female CEO. An increase in the number of children and years spent in education lower the probability of the CEO being a woman, while having greater number of employees raises the likelihood of having a woman CEO.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are applicable to only the largest publicly traded firms in the USA and are not applicable to mid to small publicly listed, private or non-for-profit companies or institutions. This research is a starting point for future research of women and men CEOs of small and mid-size publicly traded and non-publicly traded firms in the USA.

Originality/value
Prior research has shown that having children is detrimental for women in management positions; this research specifically identifies this problem for the CEO position. It also reveals that having more of education does not translate to getting to the CEO position for women.
An exploration into the career experiences of lesbians in the UK
Authors: Fielden Sandra L. , Jepson Hannah 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of lesbians in terms of career progression and development, focusing on several areas including, discrimination in the workplace, career resources, barriers to career development and the importance of disclosing one’s sexual identity in the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
Interviews were conducted with 15 participants, 14 of whom had disclosed their sexuality at work. A grounded theory approach was used to conduct the analysis, and the findings suggested six core categories relating to the career experiences of the sample. These categories are: social climate; career choice; work environment; personality; being a lesbian and being a woman; and useful strategies.

Findings
The analysis highlighted several key findings, such as the importance of the relationship between gender and sexuality; the importance of working within a policy-driven environment such as the public sector; the importance of personality and the modification of behaviour as a personal resource for lesbians in the workplace. The research also highlighted the fact that discrimination still occurs at work but manifests itself in different and often more subtle ways and it was reported that, despite protective legislation, one of the greatest challenges for lesbians is working within a heterosexist and heteronormative environment.

Originality/value
There is a great deal of research dedicated to women’s career development but less on certain subgroups of women and even less on the career development of lesbians in organisations, and it is the aim of this paper to address the lack of research pertaining to the careers of lesbians in the UK.
NaviGaTor: group decision-making methodology for the design of training programs
Authors: Marentakis Charis A. , Panagos Panagiotis , Riga Afroditi 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic methodology (NaviGaTor) combining a structured method for the evolutionary design of training programs with Nominal Group Technique (NGT) setting supporting the involvement of a diverse set of participants and experts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper describes the necessity and efficiency of group decision making in the design of training programs, focussing on how participants can convey experience and knowledge and how NGT can enhance idea generation and support convergence of opinions. The methodology evolved from a paper-based format to a web-based format, thus supporting remote participation.

Findings
– The application of the methodology in a large-scale multi-national training design program confirms practical implications on the usability, efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed structured group decision-making methodology.

Research limitations/implications
– The systematic training design methodology presented herein not only enhances previous findings from the literature but also sets the foundations for future research on the importance of diversity of ideas and experiences from many experts in the design of training programs.

Practical implications
– After a series of successful applications for the design of training programs in several mid-scale intra-company projects, the methodology was applied successfully in a multi-national large-scale project focussing on the design of corporate training programs on stress management with very promising results.

Originality/value
– The proposed methodology was the first one to be applied through a systematic and structured process and constitutes a practical tool for the efficient design of training programs through an evolutionary and structured process based on idea generation from experts.
Leading innovation, creativity and enterprise
Authors: Cook Peter James 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– Less than 50 per cent of global Chief Ecology Officers believe their enterprises are adequately prepared to handle a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine how leaders encourage ideas that turn into profitable and sustainable innovations in a VUCA world, especially in what the author calls “Brain Based Enterprises” (BBEs).

Design/methodology/approach
– Through case studies, focused interviews.

Findings
– BBEs need more leadership than management and they use more collaborative approaches to business, working with colleagues, customers, even competitors in some areas to produce ingenious ideas for a sustainable world.

Originality/value
– The research from which this paper is written has matured for nearly 20 years, having written my first book on the topic in 1996. This represents tens of thousands of hours of diverse experience, working as a business practitioner across a wide range of sectors. The author has accelerated my thinking via the work as an MBA academic and mental adventurer, working on the flagship creativity, innovation and change programme. During that time, the business environment we live and work in has become more VUCA. This demands that individuals and enterprises become more ingenious to ride the turbulence that this produces, in order to be resilient and antifragile when challenged.
The effects of old-age stereotypes on organizational productivity (part three)
Authors: Appelbaum Steven H. , Wenger Richard , Buitrago Carolina Pachon , Kaur Ravneet 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine common stereotypes regarding old-age workers and the effect of these stereotypes on organizational productivity, as well as to suggest practical solutions for accommodating old-age workers and increasing productivity in all employees.

Design/methodology/approach
– This three part paper will present a thorough review of relevant literature (1991-2014, with the exception of two studies from 1976) that were conducted on the topics of old-age stereotyping, the effect of old-age stereotyping on organizational productivity, and methods for adequately motivating and managing old-age workers. Studies concerning psychology theories are also examined in order to provide a framework for practical solutions, as well as demographic statistics on population age and employment trends.

Findings
– This paper identifies a number of old-age stereotypes that have decreased organizational productivity in empirical studies, including reluctance to change, decreased learning ability, intelligence and memory, poor health and accidents, higher organizational costs, decreased motivation, and low innovation and productivity. Findings also suggest that old-age workers can positively affect productivity, and that low productivity is often a result of stereotyping.

Research limitations/implications
– The prevalence of old-age stereotyping and its impact on organizational productivity may differ by culture, industry, type of employment, education level, and other factors, and thus further research may be necessary. The literature reviewed may not adequately represent worldwide organizational trends, as the literature is largely comprised of studies performed in North America and Europe.

Practical implications
– Solutions based on these findings are taken directly from the literature or derived from literature on psychology theories, which include self-determination theory, socio-emotional selectivity theory, and selective optimization and compensation theory. The practical solutions proposed address work environment, motivation, rewards, flexibility, and the loss and gain of resources in old-age workers.

Social implications
– The proportion of old-age workers is increasing and it is therefore necessary to determine ways to adequately integrate old-age workers in the workforce. Furthermore, this can raise productivity in all employees.

Originality/value
– This paper demonstrates that old-age stereotyping is both prevalent and detrimental within an organizational context. These findings and solutions can potentially be used by organizations in order to increase individual and overall productivity.
The decline of managerial capitalism and visionary leadership literature
Authors: Styhre Alexander 
Published: June 2016

PurposeIn the recent literature on financialization and the rise of investor capitalism, the successor of managerial capitalism, which dominated until the 1970s, suggests that the firm is today enacted as a bundle of financial assets managed to create value for the shareholders. This paper aims to demonstrate how such views are established relatively recently by examining leadership literature published in the 1970s, representing an entirely different view of leadership work, the role of the firm and capital–labour relations.Design/methodology/approachTwo books and one Harvard Business Review article published by the Volvo CEO Pehr G. Gyllenhammar, one of the most prominent Swedish industry leaders of the past century and one of the architects behind Volvo’s internationally renowned Kalmar and Uddevalla plants in Sweden, are examined. Based on a critical discourse analysis framework, these two volumes are treated as representatives of what Alfred Chandler speaks of as the regime managerial capitalism, today largely displaced by the regime of investor capitalism.FindingsGyllenhammar’s discourses stresses the role of the corporations as serving a wider social community than merely the shareholders, and regard the manufacturing industry as the legitimate site for the development of new production systems better suited to a more educated workforce demanding more qualified work assignments and greater autonomy. This argument, in favour of a view of the corporation as being socially embedded and responsive to wider social needs, can be contrasted against the contemporary view of leadership and corporate governance practice.Originality/valueThe paper addresses the shift from managerial capitalist regime of the post-Second World War period to the investor capitalism of the financialized economy and the financialized firm by contrasting leadership writing of the 1970s against today’s strong focus on shareholder enrichment and the enactment of CEOs and directors as the servants of the capital owners. A long-term perspective on the changes occurring over the past four decades may enable a better understanding how leadership, governance and industry are subject to ongoing re-interpretations and understanding in the face of novel economic, social and political conditions.
Demographic influences on employee trust towards managers
Authors: Chang Joshua , O’Neill Grant , Travaglione Antonio 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explain demographic influences on employee trust towards managers.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon a data set of over 5,000 responses from the Australian workforce, this paper examines demographic influences on employee trust in their managers.FindingsThe findings show that demographic influences have an effect on employee trust towards managers. Employees who are male, older, public sector, permanent, longer tenured and unionised were found to be less likely to trust managers.Practical implicationsRelevant to human resource practice, the findings offer potential for the development of trust by identifying employees who are less likely to trust managers. The expected outcome is that such employees can be selected for programmes and practices aimed at improving trust, such as increased managerial contact, consultation and support.Originality/valueThere has been a general decline of employee trust in managers over the past two decades. Research on the antecedents of trust has been reported to lag behind theory, with a paucity of research relating to demographic influences on employee trust towards managers. This study fills this research gap and offers potential for the targeted development of trust towards managers among employees.
Investigation of factors influencing employee performance
Authors: Šindelář Jiří 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of selected organizational factors on the performance of employees charged with sales forecasting, and to compare this across the different organizational environments of Central-Eastern European (CEE) retail chains.Design/methodology/approachThe research involves seven major pan-European retail chain companies, with a total number of 201 respondents. Data were collected via a questionnaire [computer-aided personal interview (CAPI) and human-aided personal interview (HAPI) method] with a five-point scale evaluation of both dependent (organizational factors) and independent (performance indicator) variables. Cluster analysis was then used to derive the characteristics of average organizational environments, and correlation analysis was used to investigate the direction and size of the performance effect.FindingsThe results confirmed that different organizational environments have differing effects on the performance of forecasters. It also showed that the “hard core” factors (performance evaluation and information systems) do not have a dominant effect on employee performance in any of the environments regardless of their quality, and are aggregately outclassed by “soft” factors (communication lines and management support). Finally, the research indicated that among the personal attributes related to individual forecasters, domain and forecasting work experience have significant, beneficial effects on forecasting performance, whereas formal education level was detected to have a negative effect and can be, at best, considered as non-contributor.Practical implicationsThe research results along with available literature enable us to define four management theses (focus on system, less on people; soft factors are equal to hard ones; higher formal education does not contribute to forecasting performance; and do not overestimate the social and morale situation on the working place) as well as four stages of organizational development, creating a practitioner’s guide to necessary steps to improve an environment’s key factors, i.e. performance evaluation, information systems and forecasting work experience.Originality/valueAlthough there are regular studies examining the effect of organizational factors on employee performance, very few have explored this relationship in a forecasting context, i.e. in the case of employees charged with sales forecasting. Furthermore, the paper brings evidence on this topic from the CEE area, which is not covered in most prominent forecasting management studies.
“Through the looking glass: envisioning new library technologies” understanding artificial intelligence
Authors: Fernandez Peter 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
As technology becomes more sophisticated, there is an increasing demand for flexible operating systems that can automatically respond to emerging challenges. The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) is, therefore, increasingly integral to many of the most exciting technological developments occurring today.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a literature review.

Findings
Broadly defined, AI is the aspect of computing that enables the machine to take in information about its environment and make choices that help it succeed. This paper will explore some of the key concepts behind AI and demonstrate how they apply to emerging technology.

Research limitations/implications
To get a sense of the importance of AI, we need look no further than Google. Although many companies are working on AI, Google is of particular interest to libraries because its mission to “organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful” shares many similarities with libraries.

Originality/value
AI has been contemplated for as long as humans have considered the nature of their own intelligence and pondered how artificial beings might be able to accomplish similar tasks. The idea of AI can be seen as far back as the ancient Greek myth of Galatea. Philosophers and scientists from René Descarte to Alan Turing have posed questions that are still relevant to modern AI.
Types of hijacking in the academic world – our experiment in the scholarly publishing
Authors: Dadkhah Mehdi 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce types of hijackings in the academic world. Some of these hijacking are already known as hijacked journals, but some other type of hijacking are potential and unknown to most researchers. The author detected these hijacks by experimental study on journals, conferences and invitation emails and classifying them into groups which will be introduced in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
The author can see other types of hijacks in the academic world that will introduce in this short paper with possible examples and general detection guideline for them. These were detected by experimental study on journals, conferences and invitation emails followed by classifying them into groups which will be introduced in the next section.

Findings
There are types of hijackings in the academic world that are introduced in this paper.

Originality/value
The author’s observation shows that hijacked journals and predatory publishers are only part of the problem.
Dynamic microplasticity manifestation in consolidated sandstone in the acoustical frequency range
Authors: Mashinskii E.I. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMicroplasticity manifestations caused by acoustical wave in the frequency range of about 4.5 kHz–7.0 kHz are detected in consolidated artificial sandstone. Equipment was tested by means of comparison of data obtained for a standard material (aluminium) and sandstone. Microplasticity manifestations in acoustic records are present in the form of the ladder‐like changes in the amplitude course. The stress plateaus in the acoustic trace interrupt the amplitude course, transform the wavefront, and shift the arrival time along the time axis. Microplasticity contribution to the acoustic record changes with the increase in the strain amplitude value. The combined elastic–microplastic process conditions the wavefront steepness and its duration. Stress plateaus exert influence on the waveform and, accordingly, on pulse frequency response. These results confirm the earlier data obtained for weakly consolidated rock. This contribution to wave propagation physics can be useful in solving applied problems, as, for instance, the reservoir properties prediction by means of wave attenuation in acoustic logging and seismic prospecting.
Trends in the use of emergency contraception in Britain: evidence from the second and third National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles
Authors: Black KI , Geary R , French R , Leefe N , Mercer CH , Glasier A , Macdowall W , Gibson L , Datta J , Palmer M , Wellings K 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the changes in the prevalence of, and the factors associated with, the use of emergency contraception (EC) in Britain between 2000 and 2010, spanning the period of deregulation and increase in pharmacy supply.DesignCross‐sectional probability sample surveys.Setting and populationBritish general population.MethodsData were analysed from the second and third British National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal), undertaken in 1999–2001 and 2010–12. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to measure change in EC use amongst sexually active women aged 16–44 years not intending pregnancy.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of EC use and factors associated with use.ResultsOf the 5430 women surveyed in 1999–2001 and the 4825 women surveyed in 2010–12, 2.3 and 3.6%, respectively, reported using EC in the year prior to interview (P = 0.0019 for change over time). The prevalence of EC use increased amongst single women and those with higher educational attainment (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.04–2.20; P = 0.0308). Increases in EC use were generally greater among women without behavioural risk factors, such as those with no history of abortion within 5 years (aOR 1.57; 95% CI 1.17–2.12; P = 0.0029), or those whose first heterosexual intercourse occurred after the age of 16 years (aOR 1.68; 95% CI 1.21–2.35; P = 0.0021). The increase in EC use was also more marked among women usually accessing contraception from retail sources than among those doing so from healthcare sources, which may reflect a use of condoms amongst EC users.ConclusionThe increase in EC use among women in Britain in the first decade of the 21st century was associated with some, but not all, risk factors for unplanned pregnancy. Advice and provision may need to be targeted at those at highest risk of unplanned pregnancy.Tweetable abstractDespite pharmacy access, only a small rise in emergency contraception use has been seen in Britain over 10 years.
Insect distribution in response to climate change based on a model: Review of function and use of CLIMEX
Authors: Jung Jae‐Min , Lee Wang‐Hee , Jung Sunghoon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe significant dependence of agricultural productivity on pest control requires pest distribution predictions at an early stage of pest invasion. Because pest cycles are critically affected by climate, climate is one of the most important factors for predicting an invasive pest. CLIMEX is a highly effective tool that can predict potential geographical species distributions, and test the regional suitability for a target species' habitat based on data including climate change scenarios. CLIMEX has been recently used in Europe, North America, China and Australia, among others. However, for modeling species distributions in Korea, the use of the model has been limited to date. This study aimed to first introduce the function and application of CLIMEX by reviewing important studies using this model. Second, we investigated previous studies using the model simulation to demonstrate the practical applicability of CLIMEX for the agricultural sector, and its use in forecasting.