bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Correspondence Analysis in Assessing the Antecedents of Innovativeness in Public Hospitals
Authors: Jończyk Joanna Anna , Olszewska Anna Małgorzata 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study presented in this article is to show correspondence analysis as a method useful in the diagnosis of coexistence of category variables in antecedents of innovativeness, with the positions of the respondents representing various medical professions in hospitals. Primary data obtained in the course of empirical research, carried out using a questionnaire study on a sample of 459 respondents representing 8 public hospitals in Poland, is used to this aim. To follow up on the achievements of the analysis, literature on the issue of innovativeness and its antecedents was also used. The results of the correspondence analysis allows one to confirm the thesis of the different opinions of doctors, nurses/midwives and managers regarding the level of significance of antecedents of innovativeness, where for doctors and managers in this context the most important is financial optimization, and for nurses the improvement of the quality of medical services. The results may provide an important clue to the chief executives of hospitals in the context of further changes and innovativeness necessary to achieve the desired efficiency of these organizations.
Network analysis and systemic FX settlement risk
Authors: León-Janampa José Henry 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A proposal for applying network analysis to a foreign exchange (FX) settlement system is considered. In particular, network centrality metrics are used to analyse payments of financial institutions which settle through CLS Bank (CLS).
Network centrality metrics provide a way to study settlement members’ connectivity, obtain a sense of their payments evolution with time, and measure their network topology variability. The analysis shows that although the continuous link settlement (CLS) network structure can be approximated with a power law degree distribution for many trade days, this is not always the case.
A network community detection algorithm is applied to the FX settlement network to explore relationships between communities and to
detect classification patterns in the FX trading net payments. A metric called SinkRank is used to build a ranking of the most systemic settlement risk important financial institutions trading on the FX system, and to understand how the metric depends on network’s connectivity. Since network metrics do not fully explain the dynamics of the settlement process, the CLS’ settlement system is simulated to measure the contagion of unsettled trades and its spread among network members. The effect of settlement failure and contagion on the settlement members is also explored.
Analysis of AM2 Airfield Matting Performance Under Six-Wheel Boeing C-17 Gear Loading
Authors: Rushing T. W. , Howard I. L. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Methods previously developed to predict the performance of AM2 aluminum airfield matting subjected to single-wheel aircraft loads were evaluated in this paper to determine their validity for the complex six-wheel Boeing C-17 main landing gear. These methods, derived from full-scale accelerated Boeing F-15E trafficking, were used to predict deformation of the subgrade as a function of the California bearing ratio (CBR) and the number of aircraft passes. The same data set was also used to predict fatigue failure of the mat system’s joints over any CBR. A laboratory test fixture and procedure were designed to mimic the boundary conditions experienced by the mat during full-scale experiments (single-wheel F-15E in the original experiments) so that variations of the joints and any subgrade CBR can theoretically be tested in fatigue without the expense of full-scale experiments. Results presented in this paper showed that, even with a more complex loading configuration (i.e., C-17), the trends published previously for the F-15E were supported, and the procedures offered reasonable predictions for AM2.
Cholinergic Interneurons Underlie Spontaneous Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Yorgason Jordan T. , Zeppenfeld Douglas M. , Williams John T. 
Published: January 2017

The release of dopamine from terminals in the NAc is regulated by a number of factors, including voltage-gated ion channels, D2-autoreceptors, and nAChRs. Cholinergic interneurons (CINs) drive dopamine release through activation of nAChRs on dopamine terminals. Using cyclic voltammetry in mouse brain slices, nAChR-dependent spontaneous dopamine transients and the mechanisms underlying the origin were examined in the NAc. Spontaneous events were infrequent (0.3 per minute), but the rate and amplitude were increased after blocking Kv channels with 4-aminopyridine. Although the firing frequency of CINs was increased by blocking glutamate reuptake with TBOA and the Sk blocker apamin, only 4-aminopyridine increased the frequency of dopamine transients. In contrast, inhibition of CIN firing with the μ/δ selective opioid [Met5]enkephalin (1 μm) decreased spontaneous dopamine transients. Cocaine increased the rate and amplitude of dopamine transients, suggesting that the activity of the dopamine transporter limits the detection of these events. In the presence of cocaine, the rate of spontaneous dopamine transients was further increased after blocking D2-autoreceptors. Blockade of muscarinic receptors had no effect on evoked dopamine release, suggesting that feedback inhibition of acetylcholine release was not involved. Thus, although spontaneous dopamine transients are reliant on nAChRs, the frequency was not strictly governed by the activity of CINs. The increase in frequency of spontaneous dopamine transients induced by cocaine was not due to an increase in cholinergic tone and is likely a product of an increase in detection resulting from decreased dopamine reuptake.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe actions of dopamine in the NAc are thought to be responsible for endogenous reward and the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, such as psychostimulants. The present work examines the mechanisms underlying nAChR-induced spontaneous dopamine release. This study demonstrates that spontaneous dopamine release is (1) dependent of the activation of nicotinic receptors, (2) independent on the spontaneous activity of cholinergic interneurons, and (3) that cocaine increased the detection of dopamine transients by prolonging the presence and increasing the diffusion of dopamine in the extracellular space. The release of acetylcholine is therefore responsible for spontaneous dopamine transients, and cocaine augments dopamine tone without altering activity of cholinergic interneurons.
The Bright Fluorescent Protein mNeonGreen Facilitates Protein Expression AnalysisIn Vivo
Authors: Hostettler Lola , Grundy Laura , Käser-Pébernard Stéphanie , Wicky Chantal , Schafer William R , Glauser Dominique A 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) has been tremendously useful in investigating cell architecture, protein localization, and protein function. Recent developments in transgenesis and genome editing methods now enable working with fewer transgene copies and, consequently, with physiological expression levels. However, lower signal intensity might become a limiting factor. The recently developed mNeonGreen protein is a brighter alternative to GFP in vitro. The goal of the present study was to determine how mNeonGreen performs in vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans—a model used extensively for fluorescence imaging in intact animals. We started with a side-by-side comparison between cytoplasmic forms of mNeonGreen and GFP expressed in the intestine, and in different neurons, of adult animals. While both proteins had similar photostability, mNeonGreen was systematically 3–5 times brighter than GFP. mNeonGreen was also used successfully to trace endogenous proteins, and label specific subcellular compartments such as the nucleus or the plasma membrane. To further demonstrate the utility of mNeonGreen, we tested transcriptional reporters for nine genes with unknown expression patterns. While mNeonGreen and GFP reporters gave overall similar expression patterns, low expression tissues were detected only with mNeonGreen. As a whole, our work establishes mNeonGreen as a brighter alternative to GFP for in vivo imaging in a multicellular organism. Furthermore, the present research illustrates the utility of mNeonGreen to tag proteins, mark subcellular regions, and describe new expression patterns, particularly in tissues with low expression.
Inferring Recent Demography from Isolation by Distance of Long Shared Sequence Blocks
Authors: Ringbauer Harald , Coop Graham , Barton Nicholas H 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Recently it has become feasible to detect long blocks of nearly identical sequence shared between pairs of genomes. These identity-by-descent (IBD) blocks are direct traces of recent coalescence events and, as such, contain ample signal to infer recent demography. Here, we examine sharing of such blocks in two-dimensional populations with local migration. Using a diffusion approximation to trace genetic ancestry, we derive analytical formulas for patterns of isolation by distance of IBD blocks, which can also incorporate recent population density changes. We introduce an inference scheme that uses a composite-likelihood approach to fit these formulas. We then extensively evaluate our theory and inference method on a range of scenarios using simulated data. We first validate the diffusion approximation by showing that the theoretical results closely match the simulated block-sharing patterns. We then demonstrate that our inference scheme can accurately and robustly infer dispersal rate and effective density, as well as bounds on recent dynamics of population density. To demonstrate an application, we use our estimation scheme to explore the fit of a diffusion model to Eastern European samples in the Population Reference Sample data set. We show that ancestry diffusing with a rate of σ≈50−−100 km/gen during the last centuries, combined with accelerating population growth, can explain the observed exponential decay of block sharing with increasing pairwise sample distance.
The Growth and Changing Role of Passive Investments: A Critical Perspective on Index Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds
Authors: Bessler Wolfgang , Hockmann Heinz J. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Index Mutual Funds (IMF) and Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) have developed into widely-accepted and fast growing passive investment instruments, offering investors a low-cost investment alternative in well diversified portfolios. Allocating more into IMFs and ETFs is the investors’ natural response to the experience with and the disillusion about actively managed investment performance. Despite these positive effects, this shift in fund allocation raises substantial concerns about possible negative effects on securities market trading and market quality, on corporate governance and product market competition as well as on systemic risk. Most research so far does not provide significant evidence of negative effects on market quality, on securities market trading, and on systemic risk. Whether the shareholdings of IMF and ETF providers reduces product market competition and whether the concentration of voting rights negatively effects corporate governance requires further analysis. Some problems may occur if ETF and IMF providers team-up with active investors. Overall, the introduction of IMFs and ETFs on broad market indices should be viewed as a financial innovation that broadens the investment spectrum providing many benefits to investors especially when viewed relative to the meager performance and performance persistence of actively managed mutual funds.
Hány éves kortól képesek a gyermekek újraéleszteni? – A hatékonyság felmérése általános iskolás gyermekek körében
Authors: Bánfai Bálint , Pandur Attila , Pék Emese , Csonka Henrietta , Betlehem József 
Published: January 2017

Abstract: Introduction: In cardiac arrest life can be saved by bystanders. Aim: Our aim was to determine at what age can schoolchildren perform correct cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Method: 164 schoolchildren (age 7–14) were involved in the study. A basic life support training consisted of 45 minutes education in small groups (8–10 children). They were tested during a 2-minute-long continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation scenario using the “AMBU CPR Software”. Results: Average depth of chest compression was 44.07 ± 12.6 mm. 43.9% of participants were able to do effective chest compressions. Average ventilation volume was 0.17 ± 0.31 liter. 12.8% of participants were able to ventilate effectively the patient. It was significant correlation between the chest compression depth (p<0.001) and ventilation (p<0.001) and the children’s age, weight, height and BMI. Conclusions: Primary school children are able to learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The ability to do effective chest compressions and ventilation depended on the children’s physical capability. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(4), 147–152.
CATCH COMPOSITION AND SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SHARKS IN WESTERN SUMATERA WATERS OF INDONESIA
Authors: Dharmadi Dharmadi , Mahiswara Mahiswara , Kasim Kamaluddin 
Published: January 2017

This study was conducted in western Sumatera and since October 2013 to June 2014. The sampling locations in Banda Aceh and Sibolga-North Sumatera which were the largest base of fisheries in western Sumatera region. Shark landing recorded by enumerators was used as sampling data daily . This research aim to describ sex ratio, size composition, catch composition of sharks, and length at first maturity. In Banda Aceh, the sharks as target fish collected by sorting the bycatch from tuna longlines and tuna handlines. In Sibolga, sharks is bycatch from fish net, bottom gillnet and purse seine. Overall, there were 20 species of shark caught in west Indian Ocean and landed at those fish landing sites, dominated by Spot tail shark (23%) and Silky shark (13%), whereas Hammerhead shark contributed about 10% and Oceanic whitetip shark was only less than 1%. Almost of Spot tail shark, Silky shark, and Scalloped hammerhead that caught in that area were immature, while for the almost part of Tiger shark and Pelagic thresher were matured. The sex ratios for Spot tail shark, Silky shark, Tiger shark, Pelagic thresher, and Scalloped hammerhead caught and landed at Lampulo and Sibolga fish landing sites were not balance. The length at first maturity for Spot tail shark was Lm=87,1 cm and Lm = 213,2 cm total length for Tiger shark.
Water Security and Climate Change: The Need for Adaptive Governance
Authors: Honkonen Tuula 
Published: January 2017

Climate change will bring about unprecedented economic, social and environmental effects, which require both the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to its adverse effects. Water is the main element through which the impacts of climate change will be felt. Climate change results in increased uncertainties, complexities, stress and potential for conflicts within water management, both among and within states. New forms of governance are needed if the world is to respond to the need to adapt to changes in freshwater supply and to manage water security risks.
This paper suggests that adaptive governance should to be main-streamed into all water regulation to ensure the availability of and access to safe water resources and to prevent water-related conflicts. The paper discusses the concept of water security in the context of climate change, the threats that climate change poses to water security, and the concept and implications of adaptive governance as a possible solution.
The application of adaptive governance requires a certain degree of institutional and normative flexibility, instruments and institutions that can respond and adapt to changes and manage the level of uncertainty associated with the impacts of climate change. The governance institutions, methods and instruments should be responsive to new information and different kinds of uncertainties, while reflecting the vulnerabilities, capacities, needs and priorities of both societies and ecosystems in the face of climate change. Water security risks could be reduced by increased hydrosolidarity among states, which would present the challenges posed by climate change on water governance and security as primarily an opportunity for new forms of cooperation.
ACIDENTES COM TRATORES AGRÍCOLAS NAS RODOVIAS FEDERAIS NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS
Authors: Macedo Deivielison Ximenes Siqueira , Monteiro Leonardo De Almeida , Santos Viviane Castro dos , Costa Enio , Dutra Jefferson Auteliano Carvalho 
Published: January 2017

O estado de Goiás possui a maior frota de tratores da região centro-oeste, proporcionando maior predisposição a ocorrência de acidentes, principalmente quando o deslocamento dessas máquinas a outras áreas de cultivo são realizadas de maneira insegura, ou seja, trafegando em vias públicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os acidentes envolvendo tratores agrícolas nas rodovias federais que cortam o estado de Goiás. Os acidentes avaliados ocorreram no período de janeiro de 2008 a setembro de 2011, com os dados retirados do Boletim de Acidentes de Trânsito - BAT preenchido pelo policial rodoviário federal durante a ocorrência do acidente. Foram avaliados os tipos e as causas dos acidentes, o período do dia e a rodovia federal em que o acidente ocorreu e a faixa etária dos operadores que sofreram o acidente. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva por meio de análise de frequência, frequência relativa e frequência relativa acumulada. O tipo de acidente com maior frequência relativa foi a colisão traseira, representado por 39,13% do total de acidentes. A falta de atenção correspondeu a causa principal dos acidentes, com 38,89%, sendo a BR-153 a rodovia federal com maior frequência de ocorrência dos acidentes. A faixa etária dos operadores de máquinas que representaram a maior frequência relativa dos acidentes envolvendo tratores agrícolas foi entre 50 e 54 anos, com acidentes ocorrendo principalmente no período da tarde (36,96%).Palavras-chave: Colisão, Estradas, Segurança. ACCIDENTS WITH TRACTORS ON FEDERAL HIGHWAYS IN THE STATE OF GOIASABSTRACT: The state of Goias has the largest fleet of tractors on Midwest region providing greater predisposition to accidents, especially when the displacement of these machines to other growing areas are performed in an unsafe manner, traveling on public roads. The aim of this study was to analyze accidents involving tractors on federal highways that cross the state of Goias. The accidents evaluated occurred from January 2008 to September 2011 and the data was obtained from the Traffic Accident News - BAT of the federal highway police. We evaluated the types and causes of accidents, the daily period ,the federal highway where the accident occurred and the age of the operators who had the accident. The data were analyzed through descriptive analysis of frequency, relative frequency and cumulative relative frequency. The type of accident that happened the most often was a rear collision, represented by 39.13% of accidents. The lack of attention corresponded the main cause of accidents, with 38.89%. The BR -153 federal highway holds the highest frequency of accidents. The age of the machine operators that accounted for the highest relative frequency of accidents involving tractors was between 50 and 54 years, with accidents occurring mainly in the afternoon (36.96%).KEYWORDS: Tractor, Road, Security.
DIAGNOSE VISUAL DE DEFICIÊNCIAS MINERAIS EM MUDAS DE PINHÃO MANSO (Jatropha curcas L.) EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES DOSES DE MACRO E MICRONUTRIENTES
Authors: Nunes Adriano Oliveira , Exler Rodolfo Belo , Nunes Fábio Macêdo , Paulillo Luis Cesar 
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar os sintomas de deficiências de macro e micro nutrientes em mudas de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas). O experimento foi conduzido em um viveiro instalado na Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciência (FTC), Salvador – Ba. As mudas foram submetidas à solução nutritiva completa (tratamento testemunha) e soluções com omissão dos nutrientes N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo que corresponderam aos demais tratamentos, que caracterizam a técnica do elemento faltante. As sementes foram plantadas em vasos de plástico com capacidade de 2 Kg, numa profundidade de 5 cm, cobertas com camada fina de areia lavada, as condições de luminosidade foram de 50% em viveiro com cobertura de tela sombrite preta. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com treze tratamentos e nove repetições. Foram avaliados os sintomas visuais de deficiência de nutrientes aos 45 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. As plantas apresentaram sintomas de deficiências minerais comuns da espécie. Os sintomas apresentados foram principalmente observados no tratamento com omissão dos elementos N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B e Mo. Todos os tratamentos com ausência de macronutrientes apresentaram alterações visuais de deficiência nutricional, no entanto somente os tratamentos com omissão de B e Mn apresentaram sintomas decorrentes da omissão de micronutrientes.Palavras-chave: Jatropha curcas, macronutrientes, micronutrientes, diagnose visual. VISUAL EVALUATION OF MACRO AND MICRO NUTRIENTS DEFICIENCIES SYMPTOMS IN JATROPHA SEEDLINGS IN FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT NUTRITION DOSES ABSTRACT: This study aimed to make a visual evaluation of the growth and characterization of the symptoms of macro and micro nutrient deficiencies in jatropha seedlings (Jatropha curcas). The experiment was conducted in a vivarium at the Faculty of Technology and Science (FTC), Salvador - Ba. The seedlings were treated to the complete nutrient solution (standard treatment) and also solutions with omissions of nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, Mo, that corresponded to other treatments featuring to using the missing element technique. Seeds were planted at a depth of 5 cm and covered with a thin layer of washed sand. It adopted a completely randomized design with thirteen treatments and nine repetitions. The symptoms of mineral deficiencies were evaluated over a period of 45 days. The plants had symptoms of common mineral deficiencies of the species. The symptoms were observed in the absence of treatment with elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B and Mo. The results showed that all treatments with omission of macronutrients presented visual alterations of nutritional deficiency, however only the treatments with omission of B and Mn showed symptoms of the subtraction of micronutrients.Keywords: Jatropha curcas, macronutrient, micronutrient, visual symptoms.