bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-decadal climate variability in the Antarctic region and global
change
Authors: Simmonds Ian , Jones David A. , Walland David J. 
Published: November 2017

The characteristics of, and the mechanisms causing, multi-decadal variability
are currently receiving much attention. This undertaking is particularly
challenging in the sub-Antarctic region because of the paucity of data, and the
complexity of the governing physical processes.
In this paper we report on aspects of high-southern-latitude variability
which appear in the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts twice-daily
analyses for the period 1 January 1980 to 31 August 1996 and in the results of
global climate model experiments. We show that the number of cyclone positions in
the 50-70°S latitude band exhibits considerable interannual variability, as well
as changes on longer time-scales. The seasonal distribution of cyclones is linked
with the “semi-annual oscillation". We show that the variability of this
phenomenon in a 1000 year run of the GFDL coupled model shows “red”
characteristics fand on decadal time-scales is similar to that displayed in the
available observationsi. The interaction with the ocean and sea ice is siressed as
an important factor in determining the nature of climate variability in
sub-Antarctic latitudes.
The Arctic ocean-ice system studied by contamination
modelling
Authors: Nazarenko Larissa , Sou Tessa , Eby Michael , Holloway Greg 
Published: November 2017

The Arctic represents a relatively pristine frontier that is vulnerable to
pollution. Substances originating at mid latitudes are transported to the
Arctic by atmospheric processes, ocean currents and rivers. These pollutants
can accumulate in the Arctic environment. Testing of nuclear weapons,
dumping of waste and operation of ships, and nuclear power plants also pose
threats.To investigate possible pollutant pathways we used a multi-level
primitive-equation ocean model, coupled to a dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice
model. Coupling included conservative transfer of momentum, heat and fresh
water. Atmospheric forcing (wind stress, temperature, humidity, radiation
and heat fresh-water fluxes) was supplied by datasets or bulk formulae. Open
lateral-boundary conditions for the ocean model were supplied either by
datasets (temperature and salinity) or from a larger-scale ocean model
(momentum). Two integrations were compared — one used a centred-difference
advection scheme and viscous damping, while the other used a better
representation of an advection scheme and a sub-gridscale eddy
parameterization.Tracer simulations showed (1) the importance of good representation of
numerical advection, and (2) the role of eddy interacting with sea-floor
topography (the neptune effect).
Sensitivity tests of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS)
for Arctic tundra
Authors: Tilley Jeffrey S. , Chapman William L. , Wu Wanli 
Published: November 2017

We have conducted tests of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS V2.5) for
Arctic tundra applications. Our tests emphasize sensitivities to initial
conditions, external forcings and internal parameters, and focus on the
Alaskan North Slope during the summer of 1992. Observational data from the
National Science foundation (NSF), Arctic Systems Science (ARCSS),
Land/Atmosphere/Ice Interactions (LAII) Flux Study is available to serve as
forcing and validation for our simulations.Comparisons of the runs show strong sensitivities to the composition and
depth of the soil layers, and we find that a minimum total soil depth of 5.0
m is needed to maintain permafrost. The response of the soil to diurnal
variations in forcing is strong, while sensitivities to other internal
parameters, as well as to precipitation, were relatively small. Some
sensitivity to air temperatures and radiative fluxes, particularly the
incoming shortwave flux, was also present. Significant sensitivity to the
specification of the initial water and ice contents of the soil was found,
while the sensitivity to initial soil temperature was somewhat less.
A three-dimensional climate—ice-sheet model applied to the Last
Glacial Maximum
Authors: Huybrechts Philippe , T’siobbel Stephen 
Published: November 2017

A quasi-three-dimensional (3-D) climate model (Sellers, 1983) was used to simulate the climate of the
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in order to provide climatic input for the
modelling of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. The climate model is
basically a coarse-gridded general circulation (GCM) with simplified
dynamics, and was subject to appropriate boundary conditions for ice-sheet
elevation, atmospheric CO2 concentration and orbital parameters.
When compared with the present-daysimulation, the simulated climate at the
Last Glacial Maximum is characterized by a global annual cooling of 3.5°C
and a reduction in global annualprecipitation of 7.5%, which agrees well
with results from other, more complex GCMs. Also the patterns of temperature
change compare fairly with mostother GCM results, except for a smaller
cooling over the North Atlantic and the larger cooling predicted for the
summer rather than for the winter over Eurasia.The climate model is able to simulate changes in Northern Hemisphere
tropospheric circulation, yielding enhanced westerlies in the vicinity of
the Laurentide and Eurasian ice sheets. However, the simulated precipitation
patterns are less convincing, and show a distinct mean precipitation
increase over the Laurentide ice sheet. Nevertheless, when using the
mean-monthly fields of LGM minus present-day anomalies of temperature and
precipitation rate to drive a three-dimensional thermomechanical ice-sheet
model, it was demonstrated that within realistic bounds of the ice-flow and
mass-balance parameters, veryreasonable reconstructions of the Last Glacial
Maximum ice sheets could be obtained.
Surface turbulent fluxes over pack ice inferred from TOVS
observations
Authors: Lindsay R.W. , Francis J. A. , Persson P. O. G. , Roterock D. A. , Schweiger A.J. 
Published: November 2017

A one-dimensional, atmospheric boundary-layer model is coupled to a
thermodynamic ice model to estimate the surface turbulent fluxes over thick
sea ice. The principal forcing parameters in this time-dependent model are
the air temperature, humidity, and wind speed at a specified level (either
at 2 m or at 850 mb) and the down-welling surface radiative fluxes, The free
parameters are the air temperature, humidity, and wind-speed profiles below
the specified level, the surface skin temperature and ice-temperature
profile, and the surface turbulent fluxes. The goal is to determine how well
we can estimate the turbulent surface heat and momentum fluxes using forcing
parameters from atmospheric temperatures and radiative fluxes retrieved Irom
the TlROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder TOVS) data.Meteorological observations from the Lead Experiment (LeadEx, April 1992)
ice camp are used to validate turbulent fluxes computed with the surface
observations, and the results are used to compare with estimates based on
radiosonde observations or with estimates based on TOVS data. We and that
the TOVS-based estimates of the stress are significantly more accurate than
those found with a constant geostrophic drag coefficient, with a rool mean
square error about half as large. This improvement is due to stratification
effects included in the boundary-layer model. The errors in the sensible
heat flux estimates, however, are large compared Io the small mean values
observed during the field experiment.
Preliminary evidence of a biomass-burning event from a 60 year-old firn core
from Antarctica by ion chromatographic determination of carboxylic acids
Authors: Udisti R. , Becagli S. , Traversi R. , Vermigli S. , Piccardi G. 
Published: November 2017

An ion chromatographic method for the determination of fluoride and some
organic anions (lactate, acetate, glycolate, propionate, formate, methane
sulphonate and pyruvate) at sub-μgl−1 concentration levels is
applied to a 22 m (63 years) firn core drilled at Hercules Névé, northern Victoria
Land, Antarctica. The first effective distribution data of acetate, propionate and
formate for this region are reponed here. Mean values of 9.9,7.7 and 2.4
μgl−1 were calculated for acetate, Formate and propionate,
respectively, in the absence of particular events (background values).
The temporal (1928-82) concentration/depth profiles of these components
showed a probable long-term biomass-burning event in the 1930s that can be related
back to processes in the Southern Hemisphere. Such burning events may be
demonstrated from the simultaneous concentration increase of carboxylic acid,
potassium, ammonium and fluoride and from a very high dust content. Similar
increasing trends in the same time period are not shown by other snow components
usually considered as source indicators (methane sulphonic acid: biogenic marker;
nssSO4
2- : biogenic and volcanic indicator;
Na+ and Cl−: sea-spray contribution;
Ca2+ : crustal input), so it was possible to exclude such
alternative explanations.
Non-linear thermal transport and brine convection in first-year sea
ice
Authors: Mcguinness M.J. , Trodahl H.J. , Collins K. , Haskell T. G. 
Published: November 2017

We report the first results from a programme recently set up to directly
measure the thermal conductivity of young sea ice.
An array of thermistors frozen into first-year Antarctic sea ice provides
temperature vs depth data, which is fitted directly with a partial differential
equation for heat conduction. Temperatures are recorded every hour at 20 vertical
intervals of 100 mm over a period of 5 months, allowing accurate and direct
estimation of the thermal conductivity. Preliminary results indicate that the
thermal conductivity is in the expected range, with some evidence of non-linear
effects deeper in the ice. A larger variance in data is evident at higher
temperature gradients and at greater depths in the ice.
Preliminary modelling of the impact of brine migration on heat transport
through first-year sea ice is presented. Diffusion-driven brine pocket migration
is too slow to contribute significantly to heat flow, but the convective
instability of inclined brine slots or tubes is a promising mechanism.
Characterizing the Cloud Decks of Luhman 16AB with Medium-resolution Spectroscopic Monitoring∗
Authors: Kellogg Kendra , Metchev Stanimir , Heinze Aren , Gagné Jonathan , Kurtev Radostin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present results from a two-night R ∼ 4000 0.9–2.5 μm spectroscopic monitoring campaign of Luhman 16AB (L7.5 + T0.5). We assess the variability amplitude as a function of pressure level in the atmosphere of Luhman 16B: the more variable of the two components. The amplitude decreases monotonically with decreasing pressure, indicating that the source of variability—most likely patchy clouds—lies in the lower atmosphere. An unexpected result is that the strength of the K i absorption is higher in the faint state of Luhman 16B and lower in the bright state. We conclude that either the abundance of K i increases when the clouds roll in, potentially because of additional K i in the cloud itself, or that the temperature–pressure profile changes. We reproduce the change in K i absorption strengths with combinations of spectral templates to represent the bright and the faint variability states. These are dominated by a warmer L8 or L9 component, with a smaller contribution from a cooler T1 or T2 component. The success of this approach argues that the mechanism responsible for brown dwarf variability is also behind the diverse spectral morphology across the L-to-T transition. We further suggest that the L9–T1 part of the sequence represents a narrow but random ordering of effective temperatures and cloud fractions, obscured by the monotonic progression in methane absorption strength.
Theoretical Models of Optical Transients. I. A Broad Exploration of the Duration–Luminosity Phase Space
Authors: Villar V. Ashley , Berger Edo , Metzger Brian D. , Guillochon James 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The duration–luminosity phase space (DLPS) of optical transients is used, mostly heuristically, to compare various classes of transient events, to explore the origin of new transients, and to influence optical survey observing strategies. For example, several observational searches have been guided by intriguing voids and gaps in this phase space. However, we should ask, do we expect to find transients in these voids given our understanding of the various heating sources operating in astrophysical transients? In this work, we explore a broad range of theoretical models and empirical relations to generate optical light curves and to populate the DLPS. We explore transients powered by adiabatic expansion, radioactive decay, magnetar spin-down, and circumstellar interaction. For each heating source, we provide a concise summary of the basic physical processes, a physically motivated choice of model parameter ranges, an overall summary of the resulting light curves and their occupied range in the DLPS, and how the various model input parameters affect the light curves. We specifically explore the key voids discussed in the literature: the intermediate-luminosity gap between classical novae and supernovae, and short-duration transients (

days). We find that few physical models lead to transients that occupy these voids. Moreover, we find that only relativistic expansion can produce fast and luminous transients, while for all other heating sources events with durations

days are dim (

mag). Finally, we explore the detection potential of optical surveys (e.g., Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) in the DLPS and quantify the notion that short-duration and dim transients are exponentially more difficult to discover in untargeted surveys.
CNTO6785, a Fully Human Antiinterleukin 17 Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with Inadequate Response to Methotrexate: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Phase II, Dose-ranging Study
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Jeka Slawomir , Jaller Juan Jose , Kitumnuaypong Tasanee , Louthrenoo Worawit , Mann Herman , Matsievskaia Galina , Soriano Enrique R. , Jia Bin , Wang Caihong , Nie Jing , Hsia Elizabeth 
Published: November 2017

Objective.To evaluate the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of CNTO6785, a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to human interleukin 17A, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) therapy.Methods.This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study enrolled patients aged 18 to 80 years (inclusive) with active RA (≥ 6/66 swollen and ≥ 6/68 tender joints) who were refractory to MTX treatment (7.5–25 mg weekly, inclusive). The study duration was 38 weeks, containing a 10-week safety followup. Patients were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to receive CNTO6785 15, 50, 100, or 200 mg every 4 weeks + MTX or placebo + MTX. The primary endpoint was American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) response at Week 16.Results.There were no significant differences from placebo in the proportion of patients treated with CNTO6785 in the primary endpoint of ACR20 response at Week 16. There were no significant findings in any additional efficacy variables through Week 32. No dose-response relationships or specific patterns were observed in adverse event profiles among CNTO6785 treatment groups. Infections occurred with similar frequency across all groups, and injection site reactions were mild or moderate and did not demonstrate a dose-response relationship. Median serum CNTO6785 concentration increases through Week 38 were about dose-proportional; the incidence of neutralizing antidrug antibodies was 19.4% and was not associated with study drug dose level.Conclusion.CNTO6785 was well tolerated, but did not demonstrate clinical efficacy in patients with active RA with inadequate response to MTX.
Sacroiliac Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Asymptomatic Patients with Recurrent Acute Anterior Uveitis: A Proof-of-concept Study
Authors: Oliveira Thauana L. , Maksymowych Walter P. , Lambert Robert G.W. , Muccioli Cristina , Fernandes Artur R.C. , Pinheiro Marcelo M. 
Published: November 2017

Objective.Our aim was to quantify bone marrow edema (BME) and/or structural lesions in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) of patients with recurrent acute anterior uveitis (rAAU) with or without back pain, to evaluate the frequency of axial (axSpA) and peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) and to establish which criterion for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positivity best reflected the global assessment of SIJ MRI.Methods.A total of 50 patients with rAAU without prior rheumatologic diagnosis were included in our cross-sectional study, and these patients were compared to 21 healthy volunteers. SIJ MRI scans were read by 2 rheumatologists according to the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC/MORPHO) protocol. Discrepant cases were adjudicated by a radiologist.Results.Patients with rAAU were diagnosed with axSpA (Group 1, n = 20, 40%) and nonspecific back pain (Group 2, n = 6, 12%), or as being asymptomatic (Group 3, n = 24, 48%). Group 3 results showed 9 patients (37.5%) had SIJ MRI and/or were radiography-positive for axSpA (5 MRI and radiograph, 1 MRI, 3 radiograph). SIJ MRI scans that were compatible with SpA in groups 1 (n = 12) and 3 (n = 6) were similar in acute and structural lesions that were analyzed according to SPARCC/MORPHO. The best sensitivity/specificity criterion for defining a positive global MRI assessment was a BME score ≥ 3 (88%/94%).Conclusion.This is the first study evaluating SIJ MRI in patients with rAAU without back symptoms, showing positive findings for sacroiliitis. Moreover, a BME score ≥ 3 had better performance to define an SIJ MRI as positive for axSpA.
Contours et positionnement d’une forme hybride de policing résidentiel
Authors: Malochet Virginie 
Published: November 2017

Le Groupement parisien inter-bailleurs de surveillance (GPIS) patrouille la nuit dans les parties communes de 500 résidences d’habitat social dans l’objectif d’y maintenir la tranquillité. Financièrement soutenue par la ville de Paris, c’est une structure hybride qui associe douze organismes HLM et relève du cadre réglementaire des activités privées de sécurité. Vue d’ensemble sur un dispositif unique en son genre dans le contexte français, révélateur d’un mouvement de pluralisation du policing auquel Paris n’échappe pas.
Nivolumab-induced new-onset seronegative rheumatoid arthritis in a patient with advanced metastatic melanoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Haikal Ammar , Borba E , Khaja Taqui , Doolittle Gary , Schmidt Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractImmune-related adverse events have been reported in patients treated with anti-programmed death-1 receptor drugs such as nivolumab. We present a case of a new-onset seronegative rheumatoid arthritis in a patient with metastatic melanoma treated with nivolumab.
Metabolic Implications of Psychotropic Medications in a Publicly-Funded State Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Bota Robert G , Dellenbaugh Timothy , Giorgadze Andro , Eaglin Chadd K , Davila Cristina 
Published: November 2017

Objective To assess the metabolic implications for patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital in several patient populations. Method Data was collected from the medical records of 108 randomly chosen patients initially diagnosed with schizophrenia and depression in our hospital from 2002 to 2003. Results Weight gain over a one-year period was demonstrated in each group of patients (treated with antipsychotics or antidepressants) (p < 0.001). After the implementation of routine lipid panel test, several patients were initially diagnosed with dyslipidemia. Discussion It is important to order routine laboratory work rationally, as this adds to the cost of hospitalization, while considering standard of care recommendations.
Interhospital Transfer of Acute Trauma Patients: How Long Does it Take and how is the Time Spent?
Authors: Utter Garth H. , Victorino Gregory P. , Wisner David H. 
Published: November 2017

Background Trauma patients in rural areas are frequently transferred to regional trauma centers for expeditious evaluation and management of potentially life-threatening injuries. We sought to characterize how long the process takes, once it has begun, for acutely injured patients to be transferred from emergency departments (EDs) of referring hospitals to trauma centers and how the time is spent. Methods We conducted a retrospective multi-institutional case series study. We reviewed records of acutely injured trauma patients transferred from the EDs of 114 outlying hospitals to the EDs of three Level I or II regional trauma centers over a 12–24 month period. We calculated the duration of the transfer process and its component time intervals (reported as the mean ± standard deviation). Results Among 1099 patients transferred from 114 referring hospitals, the mean Injury Severity Score was 11.6. Mortality was 5.9%. Half of all transfers were by ground ambulance, 36% by helicopter, and 13% by airplane. The mean time from patient presentation at the ED of the referring hospital until transfer request was 126 ± 94 min, and the mean time from transfer acceptance until arrival at the trauma center was an additional 119 ± 60 min. The mean time from transfer acceptance to departure of the patient from the ED of the referring hospital was 68 ± 48 min. Transportation time accounted for 48 ± 29 min, or 40% of the total time between transfer acceptance and arrival at the accepting hospital. Conclusions Interhospital transfer of acutely injured trauma patients takes a substantial amount of time even after acceptance of the patient, and actual time spent in transportation accounts for only 40% of the time from transfer acceptance to arrival of the patient at the receiving hospital, on average. Efforts to speed transfers should focus on shortening the time from transfer acceptance to departure from the referring hospital.
Are Smoking Habits Changing among Spanish Health Professionals? Results from the SUN Cohort 1999–2008
Authors: Ruiz-Canela M. , Martínez-González M.A. , Burgo C. López-del , De Irala J. , Beunza J.J. , Bes-Rastrollo M. 
Published: November 2017

Introduction Smoking by health professionals is a very negative habit not only for their own health, but also because it diminishes their capacity to influence their smoker patients to quit their habits. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the trend of the smoking prevalence, as well as the impact of the 2005 Spanish Smoking Act, among healthcare professionals. Methods Participants were asked about their smoking consumption in the baseline and the follow-up questionnaires in a Spanish dynamic prospective cohort of university graduates (the SUN Project) from 1999 to 2008. Non-conditional logistic regression models were fit to assess the relationship between type of profession and prevalence of smoking. Results The proportion of current smokers at the entrance into the cohort was 16.4% for physicians, 20.8% for pharmacists, 23.4% for nurses and 24% for other university graduates. The risk of being current smoker (adjusted OR [95% CI]) was lower in physicians (0.68 [0.61–0.76]) but not in pharmacists (0.94 [0.84–1.06]) or nurses (0.94 [0.84–1.05]) compared to other university graduates. All professional groups presented a statistically significant decline of smoking prevalence from 1999 to 2008. This decline might be at least partly due to the impact of the Spanish legislation on their smoking habits. Conclusion This study shows a decline in smoking prevalence among Spanish physicians. This decline has reached lower levels than what is current among other professionals and the general population. However, there is still a high number of smokers among health professionals, thus more efforts are needed to achieve lower levels of tobacco consumption.