bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Status of Young Children in Periphery of Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Sudarshan , Pradhan Pranil Man Singh , Limbu Netrika Prasad Maden , Shrestha Sushan Man , Pandeya Pooja , Regmi Bipana 
Published: October 2017

Background & Objectives:Under nutrition in young children is a major public health concern in countries like Nepal. Despite high rate of chronic malnutrition in young children, very less focus has been given to reduce it, thus affecting the lives of these children during adolescence. Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of young children aged between 6 to 12 years in Dukuchhap village in Lalitpur district of Nepal.Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in all the households of Dukuchhap village in Lalitpur district during Community Diagnosis Program. Out of 338 young children, 319 were assessed by anthropometric measurements and the data was compared to the standards developed by World Health Organization.Results:A total of 319 children were assessed. Mean height, weight and BMI were high in children from Chhetri ethnicity and low in Dalit children. BMI for age was less than 5th percentile in 23.2% of children. The proportions of underweight and stunted children were 10% and 8.3% respectively. The percentage of underweight (16.9%) and stunted (12.2%) girls was more than that of boys.Conclusion:Nutritional status of young children in Dukuchhap village was found to be low especially considering the high proportion of underweight girls.
Community Diagnosis on Health Seeking Behavior and Social Problems in Bhaktapur and Kavrepalanchok Districts of central Nepal
Authors: Manandhar Pratibha , Manandhar Naresh , Chandyo Ram Krishna , Joshi Sunil Kumar 
Published: October 2017

Background & Objectives:The main objectives of this study were to assess the health status, health seeking behaviors and social problems of Bhaktapur and Kavrepalanchok districts and also to learn the research skills and establish relation with community for students.Materials & Methods:This was a cross sectional study conducted by students of second year MBBS for educational purposes of community diagnosis program (CDP) in one week period in nine VDC (village development committee) of Bhaktapur district along with one VDC and one municipality of Kavrepalanchok district. Household were selected based on convenient sampling method for the feasibility of students. Ethical clearance for the study was taken from Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of Kathmandu Medical College.Results:A total of 211and 105 households from Bhaktapur and Kavrepalanchok districts respectively were included in this study . In Bhaktapur district, a slight female predominance 549 (50.42 %) was observed, whereas in Kavrepalanchok district male predominated marginally 270 (51.1%). In Bhaktapur district, 35 (47.9%) were addicted to alcohol and smoking behaviors, whereas in Kavrepalanchok district it was 12 (29.3%). In Bhaktapur and Kavrepalanchok districts, 102 (48. 3%) and 50 (47.61%) households respectively consulted in hospital when became sick. The most prevalent health problem was cardiovascular diseases in both the districts i,e 39 (39%) in Bhaktapur and 14 (37.8%) in Kavrepalanchok district respectively.Conclusion:Community diagnosis program assisted students to identify problems in the community, to raise the health awareness, practicing research skills and establishing relations with the community. The community also benefitted by getting knowledge on improving the health status and social aspects from the students during their door to door visit.
Status of liver stiffness following directly acting antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A Nepalese study
Authors: Sharma Dilip , KC Sudhamshu , Shrestha Ananta , Jaishi Bikash 
Published: October 2017

Background & Objectives:Chronic hepatitis C is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease in our country. With the introduction of directly acting antivirals, many patients are benefitted these days. Transient elastography is one of the newer technologies for measuring liver stiffness and quantifying liver fibrosis and has excellent accuracy for the diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Our study analyzes changes of liver stiffness and its associated factors in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with directly acting antivirals (DAAs).Materials & Methods: One hundred and seven patients with chronic hepatitis C, who were treated with DAAs (Sofosbuvir 400 mg and velpatasvir 100mg) and have significant fibrosis (>7.0 kPa) at baseline were included. Liver stiffness was measured at the time of enrollment, and after completion of DAAs with fibroscan and changes of stiffness and its associated factors were analyzed.  Results:The study showed significant decrease in liver stiffness at the end of treatment, which continued after treatment only in patients who achieved a sustained virological response.Conclusion: Liver stiffness decreased following 12 weeks of successful DAAs therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C at the end of treatment who achieved sustained virological response.
Spectrum of upper gastrointestinal bleed in patients with cirrhosis of liver
Authors: Bhattarai Subash , Dewan Khus Raj , Shrestha Gaurav , Patowary Bhanumati Saikia 
Published: October 2017

Background & Objectives:Acute upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding is a serious medical problem in patients with cirrhosis of liver associated with high mortality. Gastro-oesophageal variceal bleed is the most common complication of portal hypertension in patient with liver cirrhosis. This study was undertaken to establish the causes of UGI bleed in cirrhosis, their relative incidences, clinical presentation , endoscopic findings, outcomes during hospitalization including rebleeding and mortality were studied.Materials & Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with clinical features, sonological and endoscopic evidence of portal hypertension and cirrhosis of liver who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleed were included in the study. After haemodynamic stability, each patient underwent UGI endoscopy usually within 12 hours and the aetiology with diagnostic findings were documented. Results:Ruptured oesophageal varices was the most common cause of UGI bleed in cirrhotic patients. Non variceal causes of UGI bleed accounted for 33.3 % of cases. The majority of non variceal bleed was peptic ulcer disease and accounted for 19.2 % of total UGI bleed in liver cirrhosis. This was followed by portal hypertension gastropathy, erosive gastropathy, mallory-weiss tear and others.Conclusion:The most frequent causes of acute gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis was oesophageal varices. Peptic ulcer disesase is also a common aetiology of UGI bleed in cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients with variceal etiology have more chances of rebleeding and have higher mortality than those with non variceal aetiologies.
Effectiveness of Tagetes patula against chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in rat model
Authors: Liu Xueying , Ran Xiaoku , Dou Deqiang , Cai Decheng 
Published: October 2017

<p class="Abstract">The effectiveness of water decoction of <em>Tagetes patula</em> was studied against the chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in a rat model induced by estradiol subcuta-neously in a castrated male rat. The low-dose decoction of <em>T. patula</em> significantly ameliorated the prostatitis. The low-dose of polysaccharide and supernatant constituent of <em>T. patula</em> decreased the levels of IL-1?, TNF-?, PSA, and EGF, and improved the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in vivo. Further, the chemical study indicated that flavonoids were predominant in the supernatant constituent of <em>T. patula</em>. The flavonoids and polysaccha-rides were the effective constituents against prostatitis and this effect may be mediated by keeping hormone balance and a down-regulation of the in?ammatory mediator level of the prostate.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>9 min 43 Sec <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/udLMijALCZg">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udLMijALCZg">Alternate</a></p>
Is human classification by experienced untrained observers a gold standard in fixation detection?
Authors: Hooge Ignace T. C. , Niehorster Diederick C. , Nyström Marcus , Andersson Richard , Hessels Roy S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractManual classification is still a common method to evaluate event detection algorithms. The procedure is often as follows: Two or three human coders and the algorithm classify a significant quantity of data. In the gold standard approach, deviations from the human classifications are considered to be due to mistakes of the algorithm. However, little is known about human classification in eye tracking. To what extent do the classifications from a larger group of human coders agree? Twelve experienced but untrained human coders classified fixations in 6 min of adult and infant eye-tracking data. When using the sample-based Cohen’s kappa, the classifications of the humans agreed near perfectly. However, we found substantial differences between the classifications when we examined fixation duration and number of fixations. We hypothesized that the human coders applied different (implicit) thresholds and selection rules. Indeed, when spatially close fixations were merged, most of the classification differences disappeared. On the basis of the nature of these intercoder differences, we concluded that fixation classification by experienced untrained human coders is not a gold standard. To bridge the gap between agreement measures (e.g., Cohen’s kappa) and eye movement parameters (fixation duration, number of fixations), we suggest the use of the event-based F1 score and two new measures: the relative timing offset (RTO) and the relative timing deviation (RTD).
"My naturesound" - nature observations with sound recordings
Authors: Runnel Veljo , Peterson Marko , Zirk Allan 
Published: October 2017

Online systems for observation reporting by citizen scientists have been operating for many years. iNaturalist (California Academy of Sciences 2016), eBird (Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2016) and Observado (Observation International 2016) are well-known international systems, Artportalen (Swedish Species Information Centre 2016) and Artsobservasjoner (Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre 2016) are Scandinavian. In addition, databases and online solutions exist that are more directly research-oriented but still offer participation by citizen scientists, such as the PlutoF (University of Tartu Natural History Museum 2016) platform. The University of Tartu Natural History Museum maintains the PlutoF platform (Abarenkov et al. 2010) for storing and managing biodiversity data, including taxon observations. In 2014, development was started to integrate an observation app "Minu loodusheli"/"My naturesound" (University of Tartu Natural History Museum 2017b) (My naturesound, Fig. 1) within PlutoF system. In 2017, an English language version of the app (University of Tartu Natural History Museum 2017c) was launched that includes nearly all major sound-producing taxon groups in its taxonomy. The application also acts as a practical tool for collecting and publishing occurrence data for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2017) in standardized Darwin Core format together with download links to the multimedia files. Although the sound recording ability of mobile phones opens new opportunities to validate taxon occurrences, current technological solutions limit the use of recordings in biodiversity research.
The "My naturesound" allows the user to record taxon occurrences and to provide audio recordings as evidence. After installing the application, the user is promted to login with PlutoF system credentials or to register with PlutoF. The application is targeted primarely to citizen scientists, but researchers themselves can also use it as a tool for easy annotation of taxon occurrences.
The dataset consists observation data of birds, amphibians and insects by citizen scientists with on site audio recordings. The dataset gives the possibility to analyze the suitablility of mobile devices for recording animal vocalizations and their use in reporting.
Graves’ disease thyrotoxicosis and propylthiouracil related agranulocytosis successfully treated with therapeutic plasma exchange and g-csf followed by total thyroidectomy.
Authors: Candoni Anna 
Published: October 2017

Antithyroid drugs can be a rare cause of agranulocytosis (0.5% of treated patients). Suspension of these drugs is mandatory in these patients and may result in worsening hyperthyroidism. We report the case of a 27-year-old woman who is 3 months post-partum, breastfeeding, and suffering from Graves’ disease hyperthyroidism treated first with methimazole and then with propylthiouracil due to a methimazole allergy. She was admitted for urosepsis and agranulocytosis. The patient was diagnosed with propylthiouracil related agranulocytosis, diffuse toxic goiter, and thyro-gastric syndrome. Antithyroid drug therapy was stopped resulting in a worsening of thyrotoxicosis. Agranulocytosis was treated with 8 doses of G-CSF with full recovery. To rapidly restore euthyroidism and to perform a thyroidectomy, the patient received 6 plasmapheresis procedures, to clear thyroid hormones and anti-TSH receptor antibodies from the blood, resulting in a pre-surgical euthyroid state without antithyroid drugs. One year after thyroidectomy, the patient is well on thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Key Words: Plasmapheresis; Hyperthyroidism, Agranulocytosis; Propylthiouracil.
Impact of pitch angle fluctuations on airborne lidar forward sensing along the flight direction
Authors: Gurvich Alexander Sergeevich , Kulikov Victor Alexeevich 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Airborne lidar forward sensing along the flight direction can serve for notification of clear air turbulence (CAT) and help to prevent injuries or fatal air accidents. The validation of this concept was presented in the framework of the DELICAT (DEmonstration of LIdar-based CAT detection) project. However, the strong variations in signal level, which were observed during the DELICAT measurements but not explained, sometimes indicated the need of a better understanding the observational errors due to geometrical factors. In this paper, we discuss possible error sources pertinent to this technique, related to fluctuations of the flight parameters, which may lead to strong signal variations caused by the random deviations of the sensing beam from the forward flight trajectory. We analyze the variations in backscattered lidar signal caused by fluctuations of the most important forward-sensing flight parameter, the pitch angle. The fluctuation values considered in the paper correspond to the error limits of the compensational gyro platform used in civil aviation. The part of the pitch angle fluctuations not compensated for by the beam-steering device in the presence of aerosol concentration variations can lead to noticeable signal variations that can be mistakenly attributed to wind shear, turbulence, or fast evolution of the aerosol layer. We formulate the criteria that allow the recognition of signal variations caused by pitch angle fluctuations. Influence of these fluctuations is shown to be stronger for aerosol variations on smaller vertical scales. An example of DELICAT observations indicating a noticeable pitch angle fluctuation impact is presented.
Revisiting the synoptic-scale predictability of severe European winter storms using ECMWF ensemble reforecasts
Authors: Pantillon Florian , Knippertz Peter , Corsmeier Ulrich 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. New insights into the synoptic-scale predictability of 25 severe European winter storms of the 1995–2015 period are obtained using the homogeneous ensemble reforecast dataset from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The predictability of the storms is assessed with different metrics including (a) the track and intensity to investigate the storms' dynamics and (b) the Storm Severity Index to estimate the impact of the associated wind gusts. The storms are well predicted by the whole ensemble up to 2–4 days ahead. At longer lead times, the number of members predicting the observed storms decreases and the ensemble average is not clearly defined for the track and intensity. The Extreme Forecast Index and Shift of Tails are therefore computed from the deviation of the ensemble from the model climate. Based on these indices, the model has some skill in forecasting the area covered by extreme wind gusts up to 10 days, which indicates a clear potential for early warnings. However, large variability is found between the individual storms. The poor predictability of outliers appears related to their physical characteristics such as explosive intensification or small size. Longer datasets with more cases would be needed to further substantiate these points.
Gentle endodiathermy of retinal vessels to mark paravascular posterior retinal breaks in highly myopic eyes
Authors: Ricci Giuseppe D’Amico , Pinna Antonio , Boscia Francesco , Sborgia Giancarlo , Giancipoli Ermete 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To show a new method to highlight posterior paravascular retinal breaks, responsible for posterior retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes, by gentle endodiathermy on the nearby retinal vessel, in areas of patchy chorioretinal atrophy. Methods: A standard 25-gauge (25-G) 3-port pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling was performed. A gentle endodiathermy was applied on the vessel close to the retinal break until a clear withe spot became visible. This spot was used as a landmark to identify the retinal break after fluid-air exchange. Results: The retina was attached after a single operation and no retinal redetachment was reported. A complete blood flow restoration in the treated vessel was documented with fluorescein angiography after 5 days. Conclusions: This simple technique may help the vitreoretinal surgeon to identify paravascular retinal breaks after fluid-air exchange. No damage to the retinal vessels undergoing endodiathermy was observed.
Comparative study of unilateral versus bilateral inferior oblique recession/anteriorization in unilateral inferior oblique overaction
Authors: Mostafa Attiat M. , Kassem Rehab R. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To compare the effect of, and the rate of subsequent development of iatrogenic antielevation syndrome after, unilateral versus bilateral inferior oblique graded recession-anteriorization to treat unilateral inferior oblique overaction. Methods: Thirty-four patients with unilateral inferior oblique overaction were included in a randomized prospective study. Patients were equally divided into 2 groups. Group UNI underwent unilateral, group BI bilateral, inferior oblique graded recession-anteriorization. A successful outcome was defined as orthotropia, or within 2 ∆ of a residual hypertropia, in the absence of signs of antielevation syndrome, residual inferior oblique overaction, V-pattern, dissociated vertical deviation, or ocular torticollis. Results: A successful outcome was achieved in 11 (64.7%) and 13 (76.5%) patients in groups UNI and BI, respectively (p = 0.452). Antielevation syndrome was diagnosed as the cause of surgical failure in 6 (35.3%) and 2 (11.8%) patients, in groups UNI and BI, respectively (p = 0.106). The cause of surgical failure in the other 2 patients in group BI was due to persistence of ocular torticollis and hypertropia in a patient with superior oblique palsy and a residual V-pattern and hypertropia in the other patient. Conclusions: The differences between unilateral and bilateral inferior oblique graded recession-anteriorization are insignificant. Unilateral surgery has a higher tendency for the subsequent development of antielevation syndrome. Bilateral surgery may still become complicated by antielevation syndrome, although at a lower rate. In addition, bilateral surgery had a higher rate of undercorrection. Further studies on a larger sample are encouraged.
Criminaliteitsconcentraties en microplaatsen
Authors: Hardyns Wim , Snaphaan Thom , Pauwels Lieven J.R. 
Published: October 2017

Crime concentrations and micro places. A test of the ‘law of crime concentration at places’.
The spatial concentrations of crime are increasingly being studied in smaller units of analysis. This study examines the extent to which crime levels occur at micro places. Weisburd argues there is a law of crime concentration at micro places. His so-called ‘law of crime concentration at places’ states that within an urban context a limited bandwidth of micro places is associated with a specific cumulative proportion of crime (e.g. 25 or 50 percent of crime in a city). In this study the authors investigate Weisburd’s statement in regard to crime concentrations in two large Belgian cities. Official police crime statistics (PCS) for the period 2004-2012 were used. There are several ways to define and operationalize a micro place. Therefore, this study also examines whether the unit of analysis has implications for the concentration of crime at places. Analyses were conducted at two small levels, namely: grid level (using 200 meters by 200 meters grid cells) and the level of the statistical sector (more or less similar to four digit postcode areas or CBS-neighborhoods). This study shows that the concentrations of crime at grid cells are in line with the findings of Weisburd. This trend is consistent in time, for the types of crime as well as for the two cities involved. The concentrations of crime at the level of the statistical sector appear to be less strong and therefore are not in line with the law of crime concentration at places.
Review of the book: „Kształcenie słuchu. Historia – teoria – praktyka. Działalność Międzyuczelnianej Katedry Kształcenia Słuchu w latach 1995–2012”.
[Ear-Training.History – theory – practice. The activity of the Interacademic Chair
of Ear‑Training from 1995 to 2012]
Authors: Wilczyńska Ewa 
Published: October 2017

Review of the book: „Kształcenie słuchu. Historia – teoria – praktyka. Działalność Międzyuczelnianej Katedry Kształcenia Słuchu w latach 1995–2012”.
[Ear-Training.History – theory – practice. The activity of the Interacademic Chair
of Ear‑Training from 1995 to 2012]