bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐intensity endurance exercise plus nandrolone decanoate modulates cardiac adiponectin and its receptors
Authors: Karimi A. , Joukar S. , Najafipour H. , Masoumi‐Ardakani Y. , Shahouzehi B. 
Published: May 2017

Summary

Vast adverse effects of anabolic‐androgenic steroids (AASs) on athletes’ cardiovascular systems have been reported. However, there is still a lack of adequate information regarding the pathways and mechanisms involved.

We tested the hypothesis that adiponectin and its receptors in the heart may be affected by long‐term use of AASs alongside exercising.

Male Wistar rats were randomized into the control (CTL), exercise (EX), nandrolone (Nan), arachis (Arach) group which treated with arachis as vehicle, trained vehicle (EX+Arach) and trained nandrolone (EX+Nan) groups that were treated for 8 weeks. One day after the end of the protocol, animals were sacrificed and their hearts were frozen. TNF‐α and adiponectin proteins of hearts were evaluated quantitatively by ELISA kits, and Western blot analysis was used for measuring adiponectin receptor protein expression.

TNF‐α protein increased significantly in the EX+Nan group (P<.05 vs CTL group). The AdipoR1 protein was significantly higher in the presence of nandrolone alongside exercise (P<.05 vs Nan and EX+Arach groups, P<.01 vs CTL and Arach groups). In addition, AdipoR2 protein enhanced in the EX+Nan group when compared with the other groups (P<.05 vs EX and EX+Arach groups, P<.01 vs CTL, Arach and Nan groups).

Chronic nandrolone plus mild endurance exercise may be associated with imbalance in pro‐/anti‐inflammatory cytokines and may induce a positive modulatory effect on cardiac adiporeceptors in rat. Further studies are required before these findings can be generalized to humans.
Evidence of Altered Mitochondrial Protein Expression After Chronic Ethanol Consumption in the Aged Estrogen‐Deficient Female Rat Heart
Authors: Garvin Alexandra M. , Miller‐Lee Jennifer L. , Sharda Daniel R. , Kanski Gregory M. , Hunter J. Craig , Korzick Donna H. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundEstrogen loss has been implicated to increase the risk of alcoholic cardiomyopathy in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to identify novel mitochondrial protein targets for the treatment of alcoholic cardiomyopathy in aged women using a state‐of‐the‐art proteomic approach. We hypothesized that chronic ethanol (EtOH) ingestion exacerbates maladaptive mitochondrial protein expression in the aged female heart.MethodsAdult (3 months) and aged (18 months) F344 ovary‐intact or ovariectomized (OVX) rats were randomly assigned an EtOH or control Lieber–DeCarli “all‐liquid” diet for 20 weeks. Proteomic analyses were conducted in mitochondria isolated from left ventricles using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) 8plex labeling and mass spectrometry (n = 3 to 5/group).ResultsAfter EtOH, significant differences (false discovery rate <5%) were observed in electron transport chain components (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2) as well as proteins involved in lipid metabolism (2,4 dienoyl‐CoA reductase) and cellular defense (catalase), suggesting a possible link to congestive heart failure. Directional changes in protein levels were confirmed by Western blotting. Additionally, EtOH significantly reduced state 3 mitochondrial respiration in all groups, yet only reduced respiratory control index in the aged OVX rat heart (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCollectively, the data reveal that EtOH‐induced changes in the mitochondrial proteome exacerbate cardiac dysfunction in aged and estrogen‐deficient hearts, but not in adult. In conclusion, iTRAQ is a powerful tool for investigating new mitochondrial targets of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
A cluster‐randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of delaying onset of adolescent substance abuse on cognitive development and addiction following a selective, personality‐targeted intervention programme: the Co‐Venture trial
Authors: O'Leary‐Barrett Maeve , Mâsse Benoit , Pihl Robert O. , Stewart Sherry H. , Séguin Jean R. , Conrod Patricia J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsSubstance use and binge drinking during early adolescence are associated with neurocognitive abnormalities, mental health problems and an increased risk for future addiction. The trial aims to evaluate the protective effects of an evidence‐based substance use prevention programme on the onset of alcohol and drug use in adolescence, as well as on cognitive, mental health and addiction outcomes over 5 years.DesignThirty‐eight high schools will be recruited, with a final sample of 31 schools assigned to intervention or control conditions (3826 youth). Brief personality‐targeted interventions will be delivered to high‐risk youth attending intervention schools during the first year of the trial. Control school participants will receive no intervention above what is offered to them in the regular curriculum by their respective schools.SettingPublic/private French and English high schools in Montreal (Canada).ParticipantsAll grade 7 students (12–13 years old) will be invited to participate. High‐risk youth will be identified as those scoring one standard deviation or more above the school mean on one of the four personality subscales of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (40–45% youth).MeasurementsSelf‐reported substance use and mental health symptoms and cognitive functioning measured annually throughout 5 years. Primary outcomes are the onset of substance use disorders at 4 years post‐intervention (year 5). Secondary intermediate outcomes are the onset of alcohol and substance use 2 years post‐intervention and neuropsychological functions; namely, the protective effects of substance use prevention on cognitive functions generally, and executive functions and reward sensitivity specifically.ConclusionThis longitudinal, cluster‐randomized controlled trial will investigate the impact of a brief personality‐targeted intervention program on reducing the onset of addiction 4 years‐post intervention. Results will tease apart the developmental sequences of uptake and growth in substance use and cognitive development in adolescence using developmentally sensitive neuropsychological measures.
Utilisation possibility of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from neonate's faeces for production of fermented sausages as starter cultures
Authors: Ba Hoa Van , Seo Hyun‐Woo , Cho Soo‐Hyun , Kim Yoon‐Seok , Kim Jin‐Hyoung , Park Beom‐Young , Kim Hyun‐Wook , Ham Jun‐Sang , Seong Pil‐Nam 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis study aimed at assessing the utilisation possibility of Enterococcus faecalis as starter cultures for production of fermented sausages. The E. faecalis isolates isolated from faeces samples of 5‐day‐old healthy newborn babies, identified by 16SrDNA sequencing and free from virulence determinants as proven by genomic sequencing, were used for fermented sausages production as starter culture. Six treatments (four inoculated with four different E. faecalis isolates, one with commercial starter culture and one control) were prepared. The inoculation with E. faecalis showed a stronger acidification compared with the control. The treatments with E. faecalis showed significantly higher flavour and acceptability scores in comparison with the control or commercial starter culture. Both of commercial starter culture and E. faecalis were positive with tyramine. Apart from the amine production, the inoculation with E. faecalis generally improved the acidifying activity and flavour of the products, suggesting their application potentials in fermented sausages production as starter cultures.
Optimisation of culture conditions and development of a novel fed‐batch strategy for high production of β‐galactosidase by Kluyveromyces lactis
Authors: You Sheng‐ping , Wang Xiao‐nan , Qi Wei , Su Rong‐xin , He Zhi‐min 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to enhance β‐galactosidase production by Kluyveromyces lactis CICC1773. Firstly, the optimum culture conditions were obtained by response surface methodology, and the maximum β‐galactosidase activity reached 20.6 U mL−1, about two‐fold increase than that of the initial conditions (initial fermentation medium and conditions). To further improve β‐galactosidase production, a new fed‐batch strategy based on pH feedback control was developed successfully in a 7‐L fermenter, using 400 g L−1 lactose as feeding medium. As a result, the β‐galactosidase activity and productivity reached up to 111.61 U mL−1 and 5.31 U/(mL·h), enhanced by 15.3‐fold and 17.6‐fold superior than the results of initial conditions, respectively. To our knowledge, β‐galactosidase activity obtained was the highest value among the results reported by nonrecombinant strains. These results demonstrated that the new fed‐batch strategy based on optimum culture conditions could be automatic control easily and be conductive to further scale up for industrial fermentation.
New predictive model for acute gastrointestinal bleeding in patients taking oral anticoagulants: A cohort study
Authors: Shimomura Akira , Nagata Naoyoshi , Shimbo Takuro , Sakurai Toshiyuki , Moriyasu Shiori , Okubo Hidetaka , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Yokoi Chizu , Akiyama Junichi , Uemura Naomi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe study developed a predictive model of long‐term gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding risk in patients receiving oral anticoagulants and compared it with the HAS‐BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalized ratios, Elderly, Drugs/alcohol concomitantly) score.MethodsThe study periodically followed a cohort of 508 patients taking oral anticoagulants (66 direct oral anticoagulants users and 442 warfarin users). Absence of GI bleeding at an initial examination and any subsequent GI bleeding were confirmed endoscopically. The bleeding model was developed by multivariate survival analysis and evaluated by Harrell's c‐index.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 31.4 months, 42 GI bleeds (8.3%) occurred: 42.8% in the upper GI tract, 50.0% in the lower GI tract, and 7.1% in the middle GI tract. The cumulative 5 and 10‐year probability of GI bleeding was 12.6% and 18.5%, respectively. Patients who bled had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.9, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that absence of proton pump inhibitor therapy, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of peptic ulcer disease, and liver cirrhosis predicted GI bleeding. The c‐statistic for the new predictive model using these five factors was 0.65 (P < 0.001), higher than the HAS‐BLED score of 0.57 (P = 0.145).ConclusionsGastrointestinal bleeding increased the risk of subsequent mortality during follow‐up of anticoagulated patients, highlighting the importance of prevention. The study developed a new scoring model for acute GI bleeding risk based on five factors (no‐proton pump inhibitor use, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of peptic ulcer disease, and liver cirrhosis), which was superior to the HAS‐BLED score.
Trilobite ‘pelotons’: possible hydrodynamic drag effects between leading and following trilobites in trilobite queues
Authors: Trenchard Hugh , Brett Carlton E. , Perc Matjaž 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEnergy saving mechanisms in nature allow following organisms to expend less energy than leaders. Queues, or ordered rows of individuals, may form when organisms exploit the available energy saving mechanism while travelling at near‐maximal sustainable metabolic capacities; compact clusters form when group members travel well below maximal sustainable metabolic capacities. The group size range, given here as the ratio of the difference between the size of the largest and smallest group members, and the size of the largest member (as a percentage), has been hypothesized to correspond proportionately to the energy saving quantity because weaker, smaller, individuals sustain the speeds of stronger, larger, individuals by exploiting the energy saving mechanism (as a percentage). During migration, small individuals outside this range may perish, or form sub‐groups, or simply not participate in migratory behaviour. We approximate drag forces for leading and following individuals in queues of the late Devonian (c. 370 Ma) trilobite Trimerocephalus chopini. Applying data from literature on Rectisura herculea, a living crustacean, we approximate the hypothetical walking speed and maximal sustainable speeds for T. chopini. Our findings reasonably support the hypothesis that among the population of fossilized queues of T. chopini reported in the literature, trilobite size range was 75%, while the size range within queues was 63%; this corresponds reasonably with drag reductions in following positions that permit c. 61.5% energy saving for trilobites following others in optimal low‐drag positions. We model collective trilobite behaviour associated with hydrodynamic drafting.
The effect of repeated periods of speed endurance training on performance, running economy, and muscle adaptations
Authors: Skovgaard C. , Almquist N. W. , Bangsbo J. 
Published: May 2017

The effect of repeated intense training interventions was investigated in eight trained male runners (maximum oxygen uptake [VO2‐max]: 59.3±3.2 mL/kg/min, mean±SD) who performed 10 speed endurance training (SET; repeated 30‐seconds “all‐out” bouts) and 10 aerobic moderate‐intensity training sessions during two 40‐day periods (P1 and P2) separated by ~80 days of habitual training. Before and after both P1 and P2, subjects completed an incremental test to exhaustion to determine VO2‐max and a repeated running test at 90% vVO2‐max to exhaustion (RRT) to determine short‐term endurance capacity. In addition, running economy (RE) was measured at 60% vVO2‐max (11.9±0.5 km/h) and v10‐km (14.3±0.9 km/h), a 10‐km track‐running test was performed, and a biopsy from m. vastus lateralis was collected. 10‐km performance and VO2‐max (mL/min) were the same prior to P1 and P2, whereas RE was better (P<.05) before P2 than before P1. During P1 and P2, 10‐km performance (2.9% and 2.3%), VO2‐max (2.1% and 2.6%), and RE (1.9% and 1.8% at 60% vVO2‐max; 1.6% and 2.0% at v10‐km) improved (P<.05) to the same extent, respectively. Performance in RRT was 20% better (P<.05) after compared to before P2, with no change in P1. No changes in muscle expression of Na+,K+‐ATPase α1, α2 and β1, NHE1, SERCA1 and SERCA2, actin, and CaMKII were found during neither P1 nor P2. Thus, the present study demonstrates that a second period of intense training leads to improved short‐term performance and further improved RE, whereas 10‐km performance and VO2‐max improve to the same extent as during the first period.
Are heart rate monitors valuable tools for diagnosing arrhythmias in endurance athletes?
Authors: Gajda R. , Biernacka E. K. , Drygas W. 
Published: May 2017

Millions of physically active individuals worldwide use heart rate monitors (HRMs) to control their exercise intensity. In many cases, the HRM indicates an unusually high heart rate (HR) or even arrhythmias during training. Unfortunately, studies assessing the reliability of these devices to help control HR disturbances during exercise do not exist. We examined 142 regularly training endurance runners and cyclists, aged 18‐51 years, with unexplained HR abnormalities indicated by various HRMs to assess the utility of HRMs in diagnosing exertion‐induced arrhythmias. Each athlete simultaneously wore a Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder and an HRM during typical endurance training in which they had previously detected “arrhythmias” to verify the diagnosis. Average HRs during exercise were precisely recorded by all types of HRMs. No signs of arrhythmia were detected during exercise in approximately 39% of athletes, and concordant HRs were recorded by the HRMs and Holter ECG. HRMs indicated surprisingly high short‐term HRs in 45% of athletes that were not detected by the Holter ECG and were artifacts. In 15% of athletes, single ventricular/supraventricular beats were detected by the Holter ECG but not by the HRM. We detected a serious tachyarrhythmia in the HRM and Holter ECG data with concomitant clinical symptoms in only one athlete, who was forced to cease exercising. We conclude that the HRM is not a suitable tool for monitoring heart arrhythmias in athletes and propose an algorithm to exclude the suspicion of exercise‐induced arrhythmia detected by HRMs in asymptomatic, physically active individuals.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Chinese children with thalassaemia major
Authors: Liang Yuzhen , Bajoria Rekha , Jiang Yan , Su Hongwei , Pan Hongfei , Xia Ning , Chatterjee Ratna , Lai Yongrong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveDiabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in patients with β‐thalassaemia major (β‐TM), which is high prevalent in southern China. This study aimed to determine the cause and prevalence of glycaemic disorders in Chinese children with β‐TM.MethodsIn this prospective study, fasting glucose and insulin (FINS) levels were assessed in 267 β‐TM and 80 non‐TM control children. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were evaluated. Iron overload was assessed by serum ferritin (SF), total units of blood transfused and cardiac T2*.Resultsβ‐TM had higher FPG (P < 0.001), FINS (P < 0.001) and HOMA‐IR (P < 0.05), but lower QUICKI (P < 0.01) than those of controls. The impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was present in 30% of children, whereas 2% had diabetes. The prevalence of IFG in β‐TM group was higher in children aged >10 years (OR 6.5; 95% CI 3.7–11.4; P < 0.001), SF of >2500 μg/l (OR 4.8; 95% CI 2.1–11.1; P < 0.01), serum ALT levels of >50 IU/l (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2–3.7; P < 0.05) and cardiac T2* of <20 ms (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.7–6.6; P < 0. 01). The children on deferiprone (DFP) had a reduced incidence of glycaemic aberrations than those on other chelating agents (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.23–0.8; P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur data suggest that IFG occurred in 30% of β TM children, perhaps due to insulin resistance secondary to iron overload. Deferiprone‐containing chelating agent may have a protective effect.
First Detection of a Fosfomycin Resistance Gene,
fosA7
, in Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Isolated from Broiler Chickens
Authors: Rehman Muhammad A. , Yin Xianhua , Persaud-Lachhman Marissa G. , Diarra Moussa S. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

We previously described
Salmonella enterica
serovar Heidelberg isolates harboring a chromosomal gene cluster similar to the glutathione
S
-transferase gene, a putative
fosA
gene conferring resistance to fosfomycin. Here, we show that this new gene, named
fosA7
, confers resistance to fosfomycin. The introduction of
fosA7
into the fosfomycin-susceptible
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis resulted in a substantial increase in the fosfomycin MIC. This finding increases the awareness of antibiotic resistance in
Salmonella
Heidelberg from broilers as related to the food safety and public health.
Complete Genome Sequence of Photobacterium damselae subsp.
piscicida
Strain OT-51443 Isolated from Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) in Japan
Authors: Aoki Takashi , Teru Yuki , Morimoto Natsuki , Kono Tomoya , Sakai Masahiro , Takano Tomokazu , Hawke John P. , Fukuda Yutaka , Takeyama Haruko , Hikima Jun-ichi 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Pseudotuberculosis caused by infection of
Photobacterium damselae
subsp.
piscicida
has caused serious economic damages to aquaculture farms worldwide. Here, the whole-genome sequence of
P. damselae
subsp.
piscicida
strain OT-51443, isolated in Japan, was determined and suggests that this genome consists of two chromosomes and five plasmids.
Fast Convolutions of Packed Strings and Pattern Matching with Wildcards
Authors: Zhang Meng 
Published: May 2017

We give faster methods to compute discrete convolutions. We assume that all the inputs are packed, that is, strings are packed into words such that each word is packed with [Formula: see text] characters, where w is the length of a machine word and ∑ is the alphabet. The output of our methods is also packed, that is, each word of the output contains more than one element of the result. The approach is based on the word-level parallelism and the FFT. Given two strings with m and n ( n ≥ m ) characters that are packed into [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] words respectively, the convolution of them can be computed in [Formula: see text] time, where [Formula: see text] by the FFT. Experiments show that our method is three times faster than the convolution using the standard trick. We consider the problem of pattern matching with wildcards on packed strings. It finds all the occurrences of a pattern in a text, both of which may contain wildcards. By the convolution of packed strings, we present algorithms that are faster than the previous [Formula: see text]-time algorithm, where m is the length of the pattern and n the length of the text. The algorithm runs in [Formula: see text] time, where occ is the number of occurrences of the pattern in the input. Experiments show that the method is faster than the bit-parallel wildcard matching algorithm for long patterns.
Tropicana translated: a foreland thrust system imbricate fan setting for
c.
2520 Ma orogenic gold mineralization at the northern margin of the Albany–Fraser Orogen, Western Australia
Authors: Occhipinti S. A. , Tyler I. M. , Spaggiari C. V. , Korsch R. J. , Kirkland C. L. , Smithies R. H. , Martin K. , Wingate M. T. D. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Neoarchean rocks of the Tropicana Zone, including granites with subduction-zone affinities, formed in a terrane adjacent to, or on the margin of, the Yilgarn Craton at the commencement of a long-lived, amphibolite to granulite facies event – the 2722–2554 Ma Atlantis Event. Early stages of this event overlap with extensive komatiite emplacement within the Eastern Goldfields Superterrane (Yilgarn Craton), suggestive of a plume-related rift environment, which was followed by 2660–2630 Ma greenschist facies, orogenic gold mineralization. This indicates differences in the tectonic evolution of the Tropicana Zone compared with within the craton, although isotopic data show similarities in crustal sources. At
c.
2520 Ma, the Tropicana Zone was retrogressed to greenschist facies as it was thrust onto the Yamarna Terrane (Yilgarn Craton), forming a northwesterly directed fold-and-thrust belt above the flat-lying Plumridge Detachment. This fold-and-thrust belt is host to the
c.
2520 Ma, Tropicana gold deposit. The Plumridge Detachment may extend north to the Yamarna greenstone belt, linking to the Yamarna Shear Zone – the boundary between the Burtville and Yamarna Terranes. The fertility of the Tropicana Zone is related to its Neoarchean geodynamic setting within a continental arc environment, implying that deformed margins of Archean cratons may be prospective for Neoarchean Au deposits.