bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-Dependent, Osteoblast Stage-Specific Effects of Progesterone Receptor on Bone Acquisition
Authors: Zhong Zhendong A , Kot Alexander , Lay Yu-An E , Zhang Hongliang , Jia Junjing , Lane Nancy E , Yao Wei 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The role of the progesterone receptor (PR) in the regulation of sexual dimorphism in bone has yet to be determined. Here we utilized genetic fate mapping and Western blotting to demonstrate age-dependent PR expression in the mouse femoral metaphysis and diaphysis. To define sex-dependent and osteoblast stage–specific effects of PR on bone acquisition, we selectively deleted PR at different stages of osteoblast differentiation. We found that when Prx1-Cre mice were crossed with PR floxed mice to generate a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) conditional KO model (Prx1; PRcKO), the mutant mice developed greater trabecular bone volume with higher mineral apposition rate and bone formation. This may be explained by increased number of MSCs and greater osteogenic potential, particularly in males. Age-related trabecular bone loss was similar between the Prx1; PRcKO mice and their WT littermates in both sexes. Hormone deficiency during the period of rapid bone growth induced rapid trabecular bone loss in both the WT and the Prx1; PRcKO mice in both sexes. No differences in trabecular bone mass was observed when PR was deleted in mature osteoblasts using osteocalcin-Cre (Bglap-Cre). Also, there were no differences in cortical bone mass in all three PRcKO mice. In conclusion, PR inactivation in early osteoprogenitor cells but not in mature osteoblasts influenced trabecular bone accrual in a sex-dependent manner. PR deletion in osteoblast lineage cells did not affect cortical bone mass. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Agreement Between an Automated Volume Breast Scanner and Handheld Ultrasound for Diagnostic Breast Examinations
Authors: Barr Richard G. , DeVita Robert , Destounis Stamatia , Manzoni Federica , De Silvestri Annalisa , Tinelli Carmine 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the agreement and interobserver variability of diagnostic handheld ultrasound (US) and a single volume on an automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) and to determine whether there was a significant difference if the ABVS was used by a sonographer or mammographic technologist.MethodsNinety patients scheduled for diagnostic US examinations were randomized to either handheld US or the ABVS first. The AVBS was randomized between a sonographer and a mammographic technologist performing the study. The studies were blinded, randomized, and read by 2 radiologists. The lesion with the highest Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) score was used in the analysis. Final diagnoses were made by core biopsy or follow‐up for 2 years. Lesions included 9 malignant and 81 benign.ResultsThe 90 patients had a mean age ± SD of 53.1 ± 16.3 years. The κ value for agreement between the ABVS and handheld US was 0.831 (95% confidence interval, 0.744–0.925), whereas the global agreement for a 7‐point BI‐RADS score was 0.488 (0.372–0.560). The agreement between the ABVS and handheld US was nearly the same when the ABVS was used by a mammographic technologist (κ = 0.858 [0.723–0.963]) or sonographer (κ = 0.803 [0.596–1.000]; P = .47). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for characterization by the ABVS were 0.91 (0.84–0.96) for reader 1 and 0.91 (0.83–0.96) for reader 2; those for handheld US were 0.91 (0.84–0.96) for reader 1 and 0.83 (0.74–0.90) for reader 2, with no statistical difference. The agreement based on pathologic images was κ = 0.831 (0.718–0.944); for handheld US, κ = 0.795 (0.623–0.967); and for the AVBS, κ = 0.869 (0.725–1.000).ConclusionsPerforming a single‐view diagnostic ABVS examination has good agreement with a handheld diagnostic US workup. There is no difference if the ABVS is used by a sonographer or mammographic technologist.
Influence of diabetes on plasma pharmacokinetics and brain bioavailability of grape polyphenols and their phase II metabolites in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat
Authors: Chen Tzu‐Ying , Ferruzzi Mario G. , Wu Qing‐Li , Simon James E. , Talcott Stephen T. , Wang Jun , Ho Lap , Todd George , Cooper Bruce , Pasinetti Giulio M. , Janle Elsa M. 
Published: June 2017

ScopeThe effect of diabetes on the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and brain distribution of grape polyphenols and select metabolites was studied in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model.Methods and results(ZDF) rats and their lean controls (LN) were dosed with a Standardized Grape Polyphenol (SGP) Mixture consisting of grape seed extract, Concord grape juice and resveratrol (RES) by oral gavage for 10 days. An 8‐h pharmacokinetic study was performed. After 24 h, a second dose of SGP was administered and 1 h later animals were sacrificed and brain tissue was harvested. Plasma, urine, and brain tissue were analyzed for grape polyphenols. ZDF rats exhibited significantly diminished Cmax for all catechin, epicatechin, quercetin and resveratrol conjugated metabolites. Bioavailability was significantly lower in ZDF rats for methylated flavan‐3‐ol, RES, and quercetin metabolites. Significantly lower levels of metabolites of RES, quercetin, and flavan‐3‐ols were found in brains of ZDF rats. There was no significant difference between ZDF and LN in anthocyanins in plasma and no anthocyanins were detectable in brain extracts. ZDF rats showed significantly higher urinary excretion for all polyphenols.ConclusionDiabetes may alter the overall bioavailability of some polyphenols in plasma and brain in part due to higher urinary clearance.
Second generation stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system with faster scan time and wider angular span
Authors: Calliste Jabari , Wu Gongting , Laganis Philip E. , Spronk Derrek , Jafari Houman , Olson Kyle , Gao Bo , Lee Yueh Z. , Zhou Otto , Lu Jianping 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe aim of this study was to characterize a new generation stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system with higher tube flux and increased angular span over a first generation system.MethodsThe linear CNT x‐ray source was designed, built, and evaluated to determine its performance parameters. The second generation system was then constructed using the CNT x‐ray source and a Hologic gantry. Upon construction, test objects and phantoms were used to characterize system resolution as measured by the modulation transfer function (MTF), and artifact spread function (ASF).ResultsThe results indicated that the linear CNT x‐ray source was capable of stable operation at a tube potential of 49 kVp, and measured focal spot sizes showed source‐to‐source consistency with a nominal focal spot size of 1.1 mm. After construction, the second generation (Gen 2) system exhibited entrance surface air kerma rates two times greater the previous s‐DBT system. System in‐plane resolution as measured by the MTF is 7.7 cycles/mm, compared to 6.7 cycles/mm for the Gen 1 system. As expected, an increase in the z‐axis depth resolution was observed, with a decrease in the ASF from 4.30 mm to 2.35 mm moving from the Gen 1 system to the Gen 2 system as result of an increased angular span.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the Gen 2 stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system, which has a larger angular span, increased entrance surface air kerma, and faster image acquisition time over the Gen 1 s‐DBT system, results in higher resolution images. With the detector operating at full resolution, the Gen 2 s‐DBT system can achieve an in‐plane resolution of 7.7 cycles per mm, which is better than the current commercial DBT systems today, and may potentially result in better patient diagnosis.
Preparation and orthogonal postmodification of dual‐clickable polymer precursors bearing both aldehyde and alkyne groups
Authors: Lin Lvhuan , Huang Jianbing , Ma Zhi'an , Liang Hui , Lu Jiang 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTA new styrenic monomer 2‐propargyloxy‐5‐vinylbenzaldehyde (PVB) containing both aldehyde and alkyne reactive groups was designed for the synthesis and subsequent orthogonal postfunctionalization of dual‐clickable polymer precursor. Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of PVB afforded a structurally well‐defined polymer poly(2‐propargyloxy‐5‐vinylbenzaldehyde) (PPVB) bearing alkyne and aldehyde functionalities that are reactive towards azide‐ and aminooxy‐containing molecules, respectively. Therefore, the resulting PPVB can be served as a dual‐clickable polymer scaffold for construction of multiple functional polymers via orthogonal alkyne–azide and aldehyde–aminooxy click reactions. Postpolymerization modification of PPVB sequentially with aminooxy‐terminated poly(ethylene oxide)s (H2NO‐PEO) and azide‐functionalized imidazolium‐type ionic liquid (N3‐IL·TFSI, having bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, TFSI, counter‐anion) yielded an interesting multicomponent graft polymer PPVB‐g‐(PEO‐and‐IL·TFSI). After anion exchange of hydrophobic TFSI counter‐anion by bromide (Br) anion, the resulting graft copolymer PPVB‐g‐(PEO‐and‐IL·Br) becomes soluble in water, and its imidazolium units can capture negatively charged tetraphenylethylene disulfonate derivative (TPE‐2
) guest molecule via electrostatic complexation to form in situ self‐assembled fluorescent nanoaggregates with colloidal stability imparted by hydrophilic PEO chains. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2650–2656
Morphology of macroporous silicon subjected to sintering in argon
Authors: Astrova Ekaterina V. , Preobrazhenskiy Nikita E. , Pavlov Sergey I. , Voronkov Vladimir B. 
Published: June 2017

Sintering of macro‐porous silicon can serve as an additional tool to control its structure and morphology. An inert gas, even of high‐purity, contains a small amount of oxidizing agent, which has a significant impact on the processes of reorganization of the porous structure. It was found that the sintering of macroporous silicon in argon flow containing 2.10−4% O2 is strongly affected by the thermal etching due to the formation of volatile silicon monoxide. This leads to an increase in the porosity, or even to the complete disappearance of the porous layer, and is accompanied by deposition of silicon dioxide in different forms. The thermal etching competes with the characteristic sintering processes of pore closure and prevents the formation of a defect‐free crust on the sample surface. From the isochronous annealing performed at T = 1000–1280 °C for 30 minutes was found the activation energy of Si diffusivity Ea = 2,57 eV. This value together with the results of isothermal experiments are indicative of a mixed mechanism of mass transport by surface and bulk diffusion of silicon atoms. The sintering of macro‐porous structures results in faceting with the crystallographic planes (111), (100), and (110), among which the lowest surface energy corresponds to the (111) planes.The result of competition between sintering and thermal etching: typical worm‐like openings in the surface crust of a macro‐porous silicon annealed in high purity Ar at 1125 °C. Scale bar 1 µm.
New Efficient 1,1′‐Bi‐2‐naphthylamine‐Based Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zong Xueping , Qiao Wenhua , Chen Yu , Wang Hui , Liu Xu , Sun Zhe , Xue Song 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTwo new efficient hole transporting materials (HTMs) Q216 and Q219 based on C2‐symmetric 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthylamine central core have been synthesized. The bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)amine‐substituted 9H‐carbazole were chose as end groups to link with the central core. The two HTMs have suitable molecular orbital energy levels, being well matched with that of CH3NH3PbI3 and carbon counter electrode. By introducing bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)amine unit (BMPA) to “3” position in carbazole donor, Q219 exhibits smaller dihedral angle between carbazole and naphthyl unit than Q216 with “2”‐BMPA, which may improve the electron donor ability of carbazole and favors to charge transport. The highest power conversion efficiency of PSC based‐Q219 is 9.31 %. EIS and IMVS measurements confirm that Q219 reduces charge recombination in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Accordingly, the PSC with Q219 favors a 99 mV higher open circuit voltage than that of the Q216. The results provide some useful ideas to further design more promising structure of HTMs.
The Effect of the Morphologies of Ni3S2 Anodes on the Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yan , Niu Yubin , Li Chang Ming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanostructured nickel sulfides with different morphologies were one‐pot synthesized on Ni foam using a template‐free hydrothermal method, and were further used as an anode in lithium‐ion batteries. The effect of morphologies on the electrochemical behaviors of the anode in the batteries were investigated, of which the nanosheet array one delivers the best lithium storage properties including reversible specific capacity and rate capability in comparison to the reported Ni3S2 anode‐based lithium‐ion batteries. Results indicate that the electrode kinetics for all three electrode materials is controlled by electron interfacial transfer rather than the mass transport process, and thus the excellent capacity performance is mainly resulted from the morphology‐enabled fast interfacial electron transfer rate.
Partial nephrectomy vs. radical nephrectomy for stage I renal cell carcinoma in the presence of predisposing systemic diseases for chronic kidney disease
Authors: Demir Ömer , Bozkurt Ozan , Çelik Serdar , Çömez Kaan , Aslan Güven , Mungan Uğur , Çelebi İlhan , Esen Adil 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAim of this study is to compare the effects of partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) for stage I renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on renal functions in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or hypertension (HT). Charts of patients who underwent surgery for stage I RCC in our department were retrospectively reviewed and patients with DM and/or HT were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were calculated according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulation for both RN and PN groups. Groups were compared for patient demographics, preoperative eGFR, postoperative eGFR and ΔeGFR [(preoperative eGFR) – (postoperative eGFR)] which reflects the renal functional loss. There were 85 patients in the RN and 33 patients in the PN groups. Demographic data were similar but the patients in the PN group had smaller tumor size compared to RN group (32.2 ± 11.8 mm vs 47.1 ± 15.2 mm, p < 0.001). Preoperative eGFR did not differ between groups (75 ± 28.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs 75.5 ± 23.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 in RN and PN groups, p = 0.929). However, there were significant differences between groups in terms of postoperative eGFR (57.5 ± 21.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs 74 ± 27.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 in RN and PN groups, p < 0.001) and ΔeGFR (17.5 ± 4.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs 1.5 ± 0.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 in RN and PN groups, p < 0.001). Our findings favor the use of PN over RN for stage I RCC whenever feasible in patients with predisposing systemic diseases for chronic kidney disease for better preservation of renal functions.
Constitutional Mindset: The Interrelations between Constitutional Law and International Law in the Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights
Authors: Ben-Natan Smadar 
Published: June 2017

Applying human rights beyond state borders is thorny. Which law governs the property rights of a Palestinian whose orchard lies across the Israeli border, or the cross-border shooting of a Mexican citizen by a United States border control agent? This article explores the relationship between constitutional law and international law in the extraterritorial enforcement of human rights by offering a typology of models: the American, European and Israeli models. These models are analysed comparatively, highlighting their chosen legal source of rights: the American model applies constitutional law, the European model uses international law, and Israel combines the two.The article argues that the choice between constitutional and international law is important as it affects the nature and scope of rights, and reflects the relationship between the state and the territory it controls or within which it acts. The dynamic formation process of the Israeli model demonstrates the multiple possible ways to combine these two sources of law and formulate the relationship between them.All three models share a ‘constitutional mindset’: the use of basic legal concepts and reasoning in legally grey zones. However, these transnational processes are not deterministic and could result in original concepts, contradictions and discrepancies, as well as serve different political visions.
Assessment of cerebral blood flow in adult patients with aortic coarctation
Authors: Wong Rachel , Ahmad Waheed , Davies Allan , Spratt Neil , Boyle Andrew , Levi Christopher , Howe Peter , Collins Nicholas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundSurvival into adult life in patients with aortic coarctation is typical following surgical and catheter-based techniques to relieve obstruction. Late sequelae are recognised, including stroke, hypertension, and intracerebral aneurysm formation, with the underlying mechanisms being unclear. We hypothesised that patients with a history of aortic coarctation may have abnormalities of cerebral blood flow compared with controls.MethodsPatients with a history of aortic coarctation underwent assessment of cerebral vascular function. Vascular responsiveness of intracranial vessels to hypercapnia and degree of cerebral artery stiffness using Doppler-derived pulsatility indices were used. Response to photic stimuli was used to assess neurovascular coupling, which reflects endothelial function in response to neuronal activation. Patient results were compared with age- and sex-matched controls.ResultsA total of 13 adult patients (males=10; 77%) along with 13 controls underwent evaluation. The mean age was 36.1±3.7 years in the patient group. Patients with a background of aortic coarctation were noted to have increased pulse pressure on blood pressure assessment at baseline with increased intracranial artery stiffness compared with controls. Patients with a history of aortic coarctation had less reactive cerebral vasculature to hypercapnic stimuli and impaired neurovascular coupling compared with controls.ResultsAdult patients with aortic coarctation had increased intracranial artery stiffness compared with controls, in addition to cerebral vasculature showing less responsiveness to hypercapnic and photic stimuli. Further studies are required to assess the aetiology and consequences of these documented abnormalities in cerebral blood flow in terms of stroke risk, cerebral aneurysm formation, and cognitive dysfunction.
Histone deacetylase 3 overexpression in human cholangiocarcinoma and promotion of cell growth via apoptosis inhibition
Authors: Yin Yuyao , Zhang Mingming , Dorfman Robert Gregory , Li Yang , Zhao Zhenguo , Pan Yida , Zhou Qian , Huang Shan , Zhao Shimin , Yao Yuling , Zou Xiaoping 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHistone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has an oncogenic role in apoptosis and contributes to the proliferation of cancer cells. MI192 is a novel HDAC3-specific inhibitor that displays antitumor activity in many cancer cell lines. However, the role of HDAC3 and the antitumor activity of its inhibitor MI192 are not known in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The present study aims to identify the target of MI192 in CCA as well as evaluate its therapeutic efficacy. CCK8 and colony formation assays showed that HDAC3 overexpression promotes proliferation in CCA cell lines. HDAC3 knockdown or treatment with MI192 decreased CCA cell growth and increased caspase-dependent apoptosis, while apoptosis was partially rescued by HDAC3 overexpression. We demonstrated that MI192 can inhibit the deacetylation activity of HDAC3 and its downstream targetsin vitro, and MI192 inhibited xenograft tumor growthin vivo.Immunochemistry showed that HDAC3 was upregulated in CCA tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and this was correlated with reduced patient survival. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that MI192 targets HDAC3 and induces apoptosis in human CCA cells. MI192 therefore shows the potential as a new drug candidate for CCA therapy.
MiR-125b regulates proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting A20/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Zheng Zhen , Qu Jia-Quan , Yi Hong-Mei , Ye Xu , Huang Wei , Xiao Ta , Li Jiao-Yang , Wang Yuan-Yuan , Feng Juan , Zhu Jin-Feng , Lu Shan-Shan , Yi Hong , Xiao Zhi-Qiang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMiR-125b is aberrantly expressed and has a role in the various types of tumors. However, the role and mechanism of miR-125b in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are unclear. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-125b in NPC. We observed that miR-125b was significantly upregulated in the NPC tissues relative to normal nasopharyngeal mucosa (NNM), and its increment was correlated with poor patient survival, and was an independent predictor for reduced patient survival; miR-125b promoted NPC cell proliferation and inhibited NPC cell apoptosis; in a mouse model, administration of miR-125b antagomir significantly reduced the growth of NPC xenograft tumors. Mechanistically, we confirmed that A20 was a direct target of miR-125b, and found that activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by A20 mediated miR-125b-promoting NPC cell proliferation and -inhibiting NPC cell apoptosis. With a combination of loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, we further showed that A20 inhibited NPC cell proliferation, induced NPC cell apoptosis, and reduced the growth of NPC xenograft tumors. Moreover, A20 was significantly downregulated, whereas p-p65(RelA) was significantly upregulated in the NPC tissues relative to normal nasopharyngeal mucosa, and miR-125b level was negatively associated with A20 level, whereas positively associated with p-p65 level. Our data demonstrate that miR-125b regulates NPC cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting A20/NF-κB signaling pathway, and miR-125b acts as oncogene, whereas A20 functions as tumor suppressor in NPC, highlighting the therapeutic potential of miR-125b/A20/NF-κB signaling axis in the NPC.
Myosin Va molecular motors manoeuvre liposome cargo through suspended actin filament intersections in vitro
Authors: Lombardo Andrew T. , Nelson Shane R. , Ali M. Yusuf , Kennedy Guy G. , Trybus Kathleen M. , Walcott Sam , Warshaw David M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntracellular cargo transport relies on myosin Va molecular motor ensembles to travel along the cell’s three-dimensional (3D) highway of actin filaments. At actin filament intersections, the intersecting filament is a structural barrier to and an alternate track for directed cargo transport. Here we use 3D super-resolution fluorescence imaging to determine the directional outcome (that is, continues straight, turns or terminates) for an ∼10 motor ensemble transporting a 350 nm lipid-bound cargo that encounters a suspended 3D actin filament intersection in vitro. Motor–cargo complexes that interact with the intersecting filament go straight through the intersection 62% of the time, nearly twice that for turning. To explain this, we develop an in silico model, supported by optical trapping data, suggesting that the motors’ diffusive movements on the vesicle surface and the extent of their engagement with the two intersecting actin tracks biases the motor–cargo complex on average to go straight through the intersection.