bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoprotein B: Better Indicators of Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients?
Authors: Nusrath Aliya , Namitha Dyavegowda , Rajeswari Arasegowda , Shilpashree Yeliyur D , Asha Rani N 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of mortality and disability in adults with diabetes. Recently apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) have been found to be associated with biophysiological changes of DR than traditional lipids. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the lipid profile including Apo A-I, Apo B, and Apo B/Apo A-I levels in diabetes patients with or without retinopathy. The present study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, India. The total numbers of subjects were 90, divided into three groups. Group I included 30 healthy controls, group II included 30 cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) without retinopathy, and group III had 30 cases of DR. Blood samples were drawn under aseptic precautions from study subjects. The investigations carried out were fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), and lipid profile including Apo A-I and Apo B in all subjects. The FPG, PPPG, lipid profile, and apolipoproteins (Apo A-I and Apo B) were estimated using autoanalyzer EM 200.There was significant increase in FPG, PPPG, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and no significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in group II and III subjects. There was significant decrease in Apo A-I and increase in Apo B levels and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in group II and III subjects. There is a suggestive association of TGs, LDL, and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in diabetic subjects with and without retinopathy. The Apo A-I, Apo B, and ratio of Apo B/Apo A-I are strong indicators of dyslipidemia in diabetic and DR patients. The ratio of Apo B/Apo A-I is better associated with DR and may contribute to development and progression of DR.

How to cite this article
Namitha D, Nusrath A, Rajeswari A, Rani NA, Shilpashree YD. Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoprotein B: Better Indicators of Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients? Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):142-146.
“The Black Cat” Revisited: A Prolegomenon to Poe's Greek Imitators
Authors: Tsokanos Dimitrios 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article seeks to show how Poe has influenced writing in Greece since his somewhat late introduction into Hellenic literary spheres, despite several claims that no major Greek author or translator has yet come to understand or appreciate Poe's storytelling fully. Toward this goal I will explain some of the reasons for the late arrival of Poe's tales and poems in Greece, and will then consider a story by Emmanuel Rhoides, published in 1893, which bears numerous similarities to Poe's “The Black Cat.” Rhoides was the first Greek translator of Poe, and his admiration for the American writer will be underlined here through an overview of the points of convergence, as well as the dissimilarities, between the two works. Such a comparison will cast doubt on the position of a number of critics who have played down the significance of Poe's oeuvre in Greek literature. Finally, the present article aims to shed some additional light on Poe's impact on the Greek literary world, an insufficiently explored topic in the study of Poe, and one that serves as the prolegomenon for a forthcoming, systematic study.
Nietzsche on Truth and the Value of Falsehood
Authors: Nehamas Alexander 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Nietzsche often gives the impression that all human beliefs are false. Some scholars, like Maudemarie Clark, believe that such a “falsification thesis” is unacceptable and try to limit Nietzsche's commitment to it, claiming that he abandons it in his very last works. Others, like Lanier Anderson and Nadeem Hussain, take it in ways that make it true and locate it in all. I argue that the view that is common to both approaches—that Nietzsche held that thesis in the first place—is unjustified. To that end, I interpret the texts where these scholars claim to find the thesis in a way that shows that they do not commit Nietzsche to it, and I offer some reasons for thinking that this is a more fruitful way of interpreting his views on the importance of truth—and falsehood—and their function in the economy of human life.
“Organize the People”: The 1975 City Council Races in Multiracial Chicago
Authors: Mantler Gordon K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
By the mid-1970s, many civil rights and Black and Brown Power activists had turned to traditional electoral politics as the primary vehicle for Black and Latino empowerment. But while clearly drawing on earlier civil rights efforts, this transition from “protest to politics,” to quote Bayard Rustin, proved a far more difficult and ultimately greater break from the movement than scholars normally acknowledge. This article analyzes several City Council races in Chicago in 1975, in which three prominent activists from the freedom struggle ran for elected office for the first time. All three lost their races, but each candidacy demonstrated the ways in which civil rights work in the streets translated—and, at times, did not translate—effectively into more inside-the-system electoral work. The lessons learned in each race, including the expansive use of voter registration, the limits of prominent endorsements, and the power of incumbency and charisma, foreshadowed more successful efforts in races for City Council and mayor a decade later. And yet the question remained: how much should one compromise to attain formal power, even in the spirit of civil rights and social justice?
Deus ex Machina. Formar en arquitectura para un mundo que (aún) no existe
Authors: Tapia Martin Carlos , Rodrigues Alves Manoel 
Published: November 2017

Con la expresión latina Deus ex Machina se reconocía, en el antiguo teatro, una figura que causaba una cierta insatisfacción. En lo hodierno, las Escuelas de Arquitectura mantienen un inmovilismo en su rol de formadores. La exploración de los límites de la arquitectura implica no sólo la capacidad de generar metáforas a partir de otros campos de conocimiento, sino de articular la disolución de los saberes para poder reinsertar una demanda cultural y diferenciada en la acción arquitectónica que no se muestran claramente en los planes docentes. En virtud de convenios académicos entre la ETSA-US (España) y el IAU-USP (Brasil), relatamos algunas experiencias de grado y postgrado, acciones de carácter transdisciplinar que han producido una estrategia formativa cuyos resultados estamos empezando a evaluar. Las experiencias con códigos de mutabilidad en procesos arquitectónicos a partir de las técnicas evolutivas en aeronáutica, el empleo de mapeados multiescalares, las aperturas a modos de entender la ciudad desde la fascinación con el inconsciente y el sueño, serían algunos de los ejemplos que hemos puesto en marcha.
With the Latin expression Deus ex Machina, a figure in the old theater was recognized as causing some kind of dissatisfaction. In the present day, Schools of Architecture maintain an immobility in their role of formators. Exploring the limits of architecture implies not only the ability to generate metaphors from other fields of knowledge, but also to articulate the dissolution of knowledge in order to reinsert a cultural and differentiated demand for architectural action that is not clearly shown in the teaching plans. Under academic agreements between the ETSA-US (Spain) and the IAU-USP (Brazil), we report some undergraduate and postgraduate experiences, actions of a transdisciplinary nature that have produced a formative strategy whose results we are beginning to evaluate. The experiences with codes of mutability in architectural processes based on evolutionary techniques in aeronautics, the use of multiscalar mappings, openings to understand the city from the fascination with the unconscious and the dream, would be some of the examples we have put on going.
Integrando SIG con fines sociales en el currículum educativo: el caso de Zaragoza Accesible
Authors: Cámara-Menoyo Carlos , Ruiz-Varona Ana , León-Casero Jorge 
Published: November 2017

La utilización de Sistemas de Información Geográfica ofrece grandes posibilidades a todos aquellos profesionales cuya actividad esté relacionada con la ciudad y el territorio, como son los arquitectos dedicados a la práctica urbanística. Conscientes de esta nueva realidad, en la Escuela de Arquitectura y Tecnología de la Universidad San Jorge (de ahora en adelante EARTE y USJ, respectivamente) hemos iniciado una serie de acciones para la introducción paulatina de dichas herramientas tecnológicas. Una de dichas acciones es la realización de la Práctica denominada "Mapear para construir una Zaragoza Accesible" y que es objeto de la presente comunicación. En las siguientes páginas desarrollamos sus objetivos, metodología y particularidades. Los resultados dan claves de cómo se ha vehiculado tanto la integración de herramientas TIC como la problemática de la accesibilidad de las personas con diversidad funcional dentro de la asignatura de Urbanismo VI, de cuarto curso del Grado de Arquitectura.
Geographic Information Systems provide a series of great opportunities to those professionals whose activity is related to the city and the territory, like urbanists and the like. Fully aware of this new reality, the Escuela de Arquitectura y Tecnología de la Universidad San Jorge (from now on, EARTE and USJ, respectively) has started a series of actions aimed to the gradual introduction of such tools. One of those actions is the activity called “Mapping for an accessible Zaragoza”, which will be developed throughout this paper. The following pages will present its objectives, methodology and development in order to integrate ICT, GIS and accessibility for impaired people within the context of the 4th course subject Urbanismo VI.
El taller del arquitecto: lugar, creación y reflexión
Authors: Millán Millán Pablo Manuel 
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo parte de la reflexión teórica que supone mirar a la arquitectura como el ejercicio manual de un artesano en el taller. La relación directa entre la mano y la maqueta, así como el proceso de fabricación de esta serán caracteres identitarios de una arquitectura propia. La relación de estos elementos evidenciará la necesidad de una reflexión teórica profunda sobre las herramientas contemporáneas del arquitecto. Huyendo de grandes excentricidades y de discursos complejos alejados de la sociedad el artículo analizará algunos ejercicios y arquitecturas teniendo siempre presente cómo estos muestran que una buena idea desarrollada en un contexto creativo (el taller), genera óptimos resultados y profundo conocimiento.
The present article starts from the theoretical reflection that supposes to look at the architecture like the manual exercise of a craftsman in the workshop. The direct relationship between the hand and the model, as well as the manufacturing process of this will be the identifying characteristics of an architecture of its own. The relationship of these elements will show the need for a deep theoretical reflection on the contemporary tools of the architect. Fleeing from great eccentricities and complex discourses away from society, the article will analyze some exercises and architectures, always bearing in mind how they show that a good idea developed in a creative context (the workshop) generates optimal results and deep knowledge.
Docencia e investigación: exploraciones teórico-proyectuales en torno a la regeneración urbana
Authors: Díez-Medina Carmen , Monclús-Fraga Javier 
Published: November 2017

El punto de partida de nuestros cursos de urbanismo dentro del Máster es el de una mirada amplia e integradora hacia las realidades urbanas de nuestro entorno –local y global–, con perspectiva comparada e histórica. Es decir, con una perspectiva sobre el urbanismo contemporáneo que tiene en cuenta diversas aproximaciones propias de la cultura urbanística internacional. De este modo, se trata de repensar determinadas estrategias urbanísticas profundizando en situaciones locales, pero considerando a la vez los procesos urbanos que están redefiniendo otras ciudades –especialmente las europeas–, en un contexto cada vez más condicionado por la globalización y las nuevas formas de intervención urbanística. La intención es explorar diversas aproximaciones teórico-prácticas mediante las cuales los arquitectos y urbanistas han considerado las posibilidades de mejorar la urbanidad de nuestras ciudades y barrios, es decir, su calidad y habitabilidad, mediante estrategias urbanas que se concretan en planes y proyectos de regeneración urbana.
The starting point on our courses in Urbanism at the Master program is to take a wide, comprehensive look at the urban reality of our environment - locally and globally -, with a comparative, historical perspective. In other words, with a perspective on contemporary urbanism that takes the different approaches inherent to international urbanistic culture into account. This way, it entails rethinking certain urbanistic strategies, delving deeper into local situations, but at the same time considering the urban processes that are redefining other cities - particularly European cities -, in a context that is being increasingly conditioned by globalisation and the new methods or urban intervention. The intention is to explore different theoretical and projectual approaches through which architects and town planners have considered the possibilities of improving the urbanity of our cities and districts, i.e. their quality and habitability,through urban strategies that materialise through urban regeneration plans and projects.
MODELING OF PLASMA SPRAY COATING PROCESS USING ROBUST SOLUTIONS BASED ON NEW INTELLIGENCE METHODS
Authors: Abedi-Varaki Mehdi , Berneti Shahram Mollaiy- 
Published: November 2017

This study adopts two computational intelligence techniques namely least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) and group method of data handling (GMDH) type polynomial neural network to model the plasma spray coating process. The coating qualities were evaluated by determining its thickness, porosity and micro-hardness. Four parameters including primary gas flow rate, stand-off distance, powder flow rate and arc current that affecting the coating properties were chosen as input variables in model development. The performances of the developed models were evaluated by calculating the deviations between the predicted and the actual values based on the performance indices of mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and coefﬁcient of determination (R2). The results demonstrate thehigh capability of the LS-SVM and GMDH-type polynomial neural network for prediction of thickness and micro-hardness values with lowest MAE, RMSE and highest R2. Due to the high non-linearity behavior of porosity in coating process, the results obtained by these models for porosity are not very well.
GNSS Observations of Ionospheric Variations During the 21 August 2017 Solar Eclipse
Authors: Coster Anthea J. , Goncharenko Larisa , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Erickson Philip J. , Rideout William , Vierinen Juha 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOn 21 August 2017, during daytime hours, a total solar eclipse with a narrow ∼160 km wide umbral shadow occurred across the continental United States. Totality was observed from the Oregon coast at ∼9:15 local standard time (LST) (17:20 UT) to the South Carolina coast at ∼13:27 LST (18:47 UT). A dense network of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers was utilized to produce total electron content (TEC) and differential TEC. These data were analyzed for the latitudinal and longitudinal response of the TEC and for the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) during eclipse passage. A significant TEC depletion, in some cases greater than 60%, was observed associated with the eclipse shadow, exceeding initial model predictions of 35%. Evidence of enhanced large‐scale TID activity was detected over the United States prior to and following the large TEC depletion observed near the time of totality. Signatures of enhanced TEC structures were observed over the Rocky Mountain chain during the main period of TEC depletion.
Chorus Wave Modulation of Langmuir Waves in the Radiation Belts
Authors: Li Jinxing , Bortnik Jacob , An Xin , Li Wen , Thorne Richard M. , Zhou Meng , Kurth William S. , Hospodarsky George B. , Funsten Herbert O. , Spence Harlan E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUsing high‐resolution waveforms measured by the Van Allen Probes, we report a novel observation in the radiation belts. Namely, we show that multiband, discrete, rising‐tone whistler mode chorus emissions exhibit a one‐to‐one correlation with Langmuir wave bursts. Moreover, the periodic Langmuir wave bursts are generally observed at the phase location where the chorus wave E|| component is oriented opposite to its propagation direction. The electron measurements show a beam in phase space density at the particle velocity that matches the parallel phase velocity of the chorus waves. Based on this evidence, we conclude that the chorus waves accelerate the suprathermal electrons via Landau resonance and generate a localized electron beam in phase space density. Consequently, the Langmuir waves are excited locally and are modulated by the chorus wave phase. This microscale interaction between chorus waves and high‐frequency electrostatic waves provides a new insight into the nonlinear wave‐particle interaction process.
The Relationship Between Extratropical Cyclone Steering and Blocking Along the North American East Coast
Authors: Booth James F. , Dunn‐Sigouin Etienne , Pfahl Stephan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe path and speed of extratropical cyclones along the east coast of North America influence their societal impact. This work characterizes the climatological relationship between cyclone track path and speed, and blocking and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). An analysis of Lagrangian cyclone track propagation speed and angle shows that the percentage of cyclones with blocks is larger for cyclones that propagate northward or southeastward, as is the size of the blocked region near the cyclone. Cyclone‐centered composites show that propagation of cyclones relative to blocks is consistent with steering by the block: northward tracks more often have a block east/northeast of the cyclone; slow tracks tend to have blocks due north of the cyclone. Comparison with the NAO shows that to first‐order blocking and the NAO steer cyclones in a similar manner. However, blocked cyclones are more likely to propagate northward, increasing the likelihood of cyclone related impacts.
Acceleration in the Global Mean Sea Level Rise: 2005–2015
Authors: Yi Shuang , Heki Kosuke , Qian An 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlobal mean sea level rise has been accelerating for more than 100 years, and the acceleration in the last two decades seems to further increase. The latest development in geodetic and marine observations enables us to scrutinize and understand the sources of the sea level acceleration in the last decade. For this end, observations from satellite altimetry, gravimetry, and in situ measurements of the ocean between 2005 and 2015 are combined, and their closure is examined. Our results show that the acceleration during the last decade (0.27 ± 0.17 mm/yr2) is about 3 times faster than its value during 1993–2014. The acceleration comes from three factors, that is, 0.04 ± 0.01 mm/yr2 (~15%) by land ice melting, 0.12 ± 0.06 mm/yr2 (~44%) by thermal expansion of the seawater, and 0.11 ± 0.02 mm/yr2 (~41%) by declining land water storage. Although these values in 11 years may suffer from natural variabilities, they shed light on the underlying mechanisms of sea level acceleration and reflect its susceptibility to the global warming.
Conjugate Ground‐Spacecraft Observations of VLF Chorus Elements
Authors: Demekhov A. G. , Manninen J. , Santolík O. , Titova E. E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe present results of simultaneous observations of VLF chorus elements at the ground‐based station Kannuslehto in Northern Finland and on board Van Allen Probe A. Visual inspection and correlation analysis of the data reveal one‐to‐one correspondence of several (at least 12) chorus elements following each other in a sequence. Poynting flux calculated from electromagnetic fields measured by the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science instrument on board Van Allen Probe A shows that the waves propagate at small angles to the geomagnetic field and oppositely to its direction, that is, from northern to southern geographic hemisphere. The spacecraft was located at L≃4.1 at a geomagnetic latitude of −12.4∘ close to the plasmapause and inside a localized density inhomogeneity with about 30% density increase and a transverse size of about 600 km. The time delay between the waves detected on the ground and on the spacecraft is about 1.3 s, with ground‐based detection leading spacecraft detection. The measured time delay is consistent with the wave travel time of quasi‐parallel whistler‐mode waves for a realistic profile of the plasma density distribution along the field line. The results suggest that chorus discrete elements can preserve their spectral shape during a hop from the generation region to the ground followed by reflection from the ionosphere and return to the near‐equatorial region.
How Much Flux Does a Flux Transfer Event Transfer?
Authors: Fear R. C. , Trenchi L. , Coxon J. C. , Milan S. E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFlux transfer events are bursts of reconnection at the dayside magnetopause, which give rise to characteristic signatures observed by a range of magnetospheric/ionospheric instrumentation. One outstanding problem is that there is a fundamental mismatch between space‐based and ionospheric estimates of the flux that is opened by each flux transfer event—in other words, their overall significance in the Dungey cycle. Spacecraft‐based estimates of the flux content of individual flux transfer events (FTEs) correspond to each event transferring flux equivalent to approximately 1% of the open flux in the magnetosphere, whereas studies based on global‐scale radar and auroral observations suggest this figure could be of the order of 10%. In the former case, flux transfer events would be a minor detail in the Dungey cycle, but in the latter they could be its main driver. We present observations of two conjunctions between flux transfer events observed by the Cluster spacecraft and pulsed ionospheric flows observed by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) network. In both cases, a similar number of FTE signatures were observed by Cluster and one of the SuperDARN radars, but the conjunctions differ in the azimuthal separation of the spacecraft and ionospheric observations (i.e., the distance of the spacecraft from the cusp throat). We argue that the reason for the existing mismatch in flux estimates is due to implicit assumptions made about FTE structure, which tacitly ignore the majority of flux opened in mechanisms based on longer reconnection lines. If the effects of such mechanisms are considered, a much better match is found.