bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interest of Using Ropivacaine for Outpatient Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Abet Emeric , Orion François , Denimal Fabrice , Brau‐Weber Anne‐Géraldine , de Kerviler Benoît , Jean Marc‐Henri , Boulanger Guillaume , Dimet Jérôme , Comy Michel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the interest of using ropivacaine for outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The use of local anesthesia by instillation and infiltration could reduce pain and increase the number of outpatient cholecystectomies.MethodsA one‐center randomized prospective clinical trial compared the use of ropivacaine during outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy to the control group of outpatients for laparoscopic cholecystectomy between April 2014 and May 2015. One hundred twenty‐four were eligible, and 100 patients were randomized. Patients with outpatient cholecystectomy were randomized into 2 groups: ropivacaine group (Rop group) and control group (control group). We performed a ropivacaine intraperitoneal instillation and wound infiltration for the ropivacaine group at the end of the procedure. The primary observation was authorization for home discharge. The patient was evaluated by the surgeon using the Chung score. Secondary observations included postoperative pain at 2 h post‐surgery, at 6 h post‐surgery and the day following surgery.ResultsNinety‐eight were able to leave on the evening of surgery. At 6 h post‐surgery, the Chung score was identical for both groups (p = 0.73). At 2 and 6 h post‐surgery and the day following surgery, there was no significant difference in pain levels (p = 0.63; p = 0.61; p = 0.98). Analgesic consumption was no significant difference in the groups.ConclusionsThe use of ropivacaine does not increase the rate of home discharge and does not change the postoperative pain of outpatient cholecystectomy.
Hypertension Cure Following Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Hyperaldosteronism is not Universal: Trends Over Two Decades
Authors: Namekawa Takeshi , Utsumi Takanobu , Tanaka Tomoaki , Kaga Mayuko , Nagano Hidekazu , Kono Takashi , Kawamura Koji , Kamiya Naoto , Imamoto Takashi , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic adrenalectomy has been established as a standard surgical method for unilateral primary aldosteronism. Meanwhile, the background characteristics of the patients undergoing adrenalectomy have changed over the last 20 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in hypertension cure rates after laparoscopic adrenalectomy during the last two decades.MethodsThis retrospective clinical study included 176 patients who underwent unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism from 1995 to 2015. The patients were divided into two groups by decade. The patients’ baseline characteristics and the hypertension cure rates were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the values were re‐examined based on predictive model predicting postoperative hypertension cure.ResultsThe hypertension cure rate decreased significantly from 51.8 to 31.1%. The following variables were significantly different between the two groups: age, sex, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressures, potassium level, and plasma renin activity.ConclusionsThis study showed that the number of patients with unfavorable conditions for hypertension cure after adrenalectomy has recently increased. The treatment goal for primary aldosteronism is not only to cure the hypertension but also to prevent organ disorders due to inappropriate aldosterone levels. Therefore, we recommend laparoscopic adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism, even if hypertension is not always cured postoperatively. However, clinicians need to fully explain the postoperative hypertension outcomes to primary aldosteronism patients.
Shrinking–swelling of clay under the effect of hydric cycles
Authors: Medjnoun Amal , Bahar Ramdane 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Views the scarcity of building sites, the urban development on soils with problems such as swelling soils, causes the damage to lightweight structures, as a sewerage networks, shod, etc. These damages are often classified in the low risk category. However, the neglect of these disorders can create geotechnical problems, much more complicated, with high risk, as a land motion. This case of disorders has been recording in several regions in Algeria, as example: Ain Defla, Boumerdes, and Medea, which is the studied case in this paper. The geotechnical study and the swelling tests on undisturbed and remolded samples, indicate the presence of a high swelling clay layer, of about 3–4 m deep. This research focuses on the evolution of the phenomenon of shrinking and swelling under the effect of a set of parameters existing in situ, such as climate cycles (alternating between winter and summer) and the effect of soil saturation mode. In this work, two modes are studied: saturation by infiltration and saturation by capillary. The results analysis shows the remolding of samples structure and the loss of their initial mechanical and physical properties. The test results justify the observed disorder on the site such as the erosion of foundation soils under the effect of the flow of surface water, and landslide triggering, affecting the whole of the site, and endanger the university campus located on this site.
Developing probabilistic approach for asphaltic overlay design by considering variability of input parameters
Authors: Maji Avijit , Singh Dharamveer , Chawla Hitesh 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The asphaltic overlay design process considers various input parameters. These parameters are probabilistic in nature, but the current design process adopts deterministic values. This study proposes a comprehensive probabilistic approach for asphaltic overlay design to accommodate the variations in pavement layer thicknesses, pavement layer moduli, vehicle damage factor (VDF), lane distribution factor (LDF) and vehicle growth rate (r). An analytical method, first order second moment (FOSM), is used in developing the proposed design approach. A design example based on real world falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data of a 30 km long highway stretch is worked out to illustrate the proposed design approach. The results indicate that the current deterministic approach estimates an overlay thickness with approximately 95% reliability. Detail analysis of results from the proposed probabilistic approach denotes that choosing marginally lower design reliability could significantly reduce the overlay thickness. A sensitivity analysis of pavement layer moduli indicated that the asphaltic overlay thickness is sensitive to resilient modulus of base layer for fatigue and subgrade layer for rutting. The probability based design approach can accommodate variability of field material properties and construction practices in the asphaltic overlay design process.
log–log blow up solutions blow up at exactly m points
Authors: Fan Chenjie 
Published: November 2016

We study the focusing mass-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and construct certain solutions which blow up at exactly

m

points according to the log–log law.

Résumé
Nous étudions l'équation de Schrödinger non linéaire focalisante de masse critique, et construisons certaines solutions avec exactement m points d'explosion d'après la loi de log–log.
VALUING OPEN SPACE IN A MARSHLAND ENVIRONMENT: DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR COASTAL GEORGIA
Authors: ATREYA AJITA , KRIESEL WARREN , MULLEN JEFFREY D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn a coastal environment, open space can exist as land set aside by a real estate developer or as tidal marshland. In this article, we determine the relative values of both types of open spaces in a coastal county in Georgia using a spatial hedonic price framework. Results indicate that (1) there is a price premium associated with the marshlands and (2) developers have market incentives to incorporate more open space into their designs of residential subdivisions. Regarding marshlands, we also find that accessibility is an important variable that adds much more value to a property than just the proximity.
THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION FOR AGRICULTURE: AN ECONOMICALLY ORIENTED REVIEW
Authors: MCCARL BRUCE A. , THAYER ANASTASIA W. , JONES JASON P. H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractClimate change is occurring. Deviations from historic temperatures and precipitation plus increased frequency of extreme events are modifying agriculture systems globally. Adapting agricultural management practices offers a way to lessen the effects or exploit opportunities. Herein many aspects of the adaptation issue are discussed, including needs, strategies, observed actions, benefits, economic analysis approaches, role of public/private actors, limits, and project evaluation. We comment on the benefits and shortcomings of analytical methods and suggested economic efforts. Economists need to play a role in such diverse matters as projecting adaptation needs, designing adaptation incentives, and evaluating projects to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.
Induced drag of wings in ground effect
Authors: Mantle P.J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a set of closed form solutions for the lift and drag of wings flying in ground effect both with and without end plates. The developed theories are based on observations of several independent sources of controlled model tests over ground planes and over water and on previous theories prepared by researchers from the original work by Prandtl and Wieselsberger to the present day. The theories developed cover wings of varying aspect ratio, thickness to chord ratios and angle of attack. The results for wings with end plates include the effect of ground (or surface) clearance height, end plate depth and air gap depths beneath the wings or end plates. Good agreement is found between the developed theory and test.
Disposable Bronchoscope Model for Simulating Endoscopic Reprocessing and Surveillance Cultures
Authors: Yassin Mohamed H. , Hariri Rahman , Hamad Yasir , Ferrelli Juliet , McKibben Leeanna , Doi Yohei 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDEndoscope-associated infections are reported despite following proper reprocessing methods. Microbiological testing can confirm the adequacy of endoscope reprocessing. Multiple controversies related to the method and interpretation of microbiological testing cultures have arisen that make their routine performance a complex target.OBJECTIVEWe conducted a pilot study using disposable bronchoscopes (DBs) to simulate different reprocessing times and soaking times and to compare high-level disinfection versus ethylene oxide sterilization. We also reviewed the time to reprocessing and duration of the procedures.METHODSBronchoscopes were chosen because an alternative disposable scope is commercially available and because bronchoscopes are more prone to delays in processing. Disposable bronchoscopes were contaminated using a liquid bacterial suspension and were then incubated for 1–4 hours. Standard processing and high-level disinfection were performed on 36 endoscopes. Ethylene oxide sterilization was performed on 21 endoscopes. Endoscope cultures were performed using the standard “brush, flush, brush” technique.RESULTSAfter brushing was performed, a final water-flush culture procedure was the most effective method of detecting bacterial persistence on the disposable scopes. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most commonly recovered organism after reprocessing. Ethylene oxide sterilization did not result in total elimination of viable bacteria.CONCLUSIONRoutine endoscopy cultures may be required to assess the adequacy of endoscopic processing.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:136–142
Recursive dynamic mode decomposition of transient and post-transient wake flows
Authors: Noack Bernd R. , Stankiewicz Witold , Morzyński Marek , Schmid Peter J. 
Published: November 2016

A novel data-driven modal decomposition of fluid flow is proposed, comprising key features of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The first mode is the normalized real or imaginary part of the DMD mode that minimizes the time-averaged residual. The $N$th mode is defined recursively in an analogous manner based on the residual of an expansion using the first $N-1$ modes. The resulting recursive DMD (RDMD) modes are orthogonal by construction, retain pure frequency content and aim at low residual. Recursive DMD is applied to transient cylinder wake data and is benchmarked against POD and optimized DMD (Chen et al., J. Nonlinear Sci., vol. 22, 2012, pp. 887–915) for the same snapshot sequence. Unlike POD modes, RDMD structures are shown to have purer frequency content while retaining a residual of comparable order to POD. In contrast to DMD, with exponentially growing or decaying oscillatory amplitudes, RDMD clearly identifies initial, maximum and final fluctuation levels. Intriguingly, RDMD outperforms both POD and DMD in the limit-cycle resolution from the same snapshots. Robustness of these observations is demonstrated for other parameters of the cylinder wake and for a more complex wake behind three rotating cylinders. Recursive DMD is proposed as an attractive alternative to POD and DMD for empirical Galerkin models, in particular for nonlinear transient dynamics.
Stability of slender inverted flags and rods in uniform steady flow
Authors: Sader John E. , Huertas-Cerdeira Cecilia , Gharib Morteza 
Published: November 2016

Cantilevered elastic sheets and rods immersed in a steady uniform flow are known to undergo instabilities that give rise to complex dynamics, including limit cycle behaviour and chaotic motion. Recent work has examined their stability in an inverted configuration where the flow impinges on the free end of the cantilever with its clamped edge downstream: this is commonly referred to as an ‘inverted flag’. Theory has thus far accurately captured the stability of wide inverted flags only, i.e. where the dimension of the clamped edge exceeds the cantilever length; the latter is aligned in the flow direction. Here, we theoretically examine the stability of slender inverted flags and rods under steady uniform flow. In contrast to wide inverted flags, we show that slender inverted flags are never globally unstable. Instead, they exhibit bifurcation from a state that is globally stable to multiple equilibria of varying stability, as flow speed increases. This theory is compared with new and existing measurements on slender inverted flags and rods, where excellent agreement is observed. The findings of this study have significant implications to investigations of biological phenomena such as the motion of leaves and hairs, which can naturally exhibit a slender geometry with an inverted configuration.
The effects of cannabis use on salience attribution: a systematic review
Authors: Wijayendran Surapi Bhairavi , O’Neill Aisling , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveThe relationship between cannabis use and the onset of psychosis is well established. Aberrant salience processing is widely thought to underpin many of these symptoms. Literature explicitly investigating the relationship between aberrant salience processing and cannabis use is scarce; with those few studies finding that acute tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration (the main psychoactive component of cannabis) can result in abnormal salience processing in healthy cohorts, mirroring that observed in psychosis. Nevertheless, the extent of and mechanisms through which cannabis has a modulatory effect on aberrant salience, following both acute and chronic use, remain unclear.MethodsHere, we systematically review recent findings on the effects of cannabis use – either through acute THC administration or in chronic users – on brain regions associated with salience processing (through functional MRI data); and performance in cognitive tasks that could be used as either direct or indirect measures of salience processing. We identified 13 studies either directly or indirectly exploring salience processing. Three types of salience were identified and discussed – incentive/motivational, emotional/affective, and attentional salience.ResultsThe results demonstrated an impairment of immediate salience processing, following acute THC administration. Amongst the long-term cannabis users, normal salience performance appeared to be underpinned by abnormal neural processes.ConclusionsOverall, the lack of research specifically exploring the effects of cannabis use on salience processing, weaken any conclusions drawn. Additional research explicitly focussed on salience processing and cannabis use is required to advance our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the association between cannabis use and development of psychosis.
Gravel size matters: Early Middle Palaeolithic artefacts made from local Rhine and Meuse deposits in the central Netherlands
Authors: van den Biggelaar D.F.A.M. , van Balen R.T. , Kluiving S.J. , Verpoorte A. , Alink G.M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe artefact size of the Early Middle Palaeolithic (EMP) assemblages in ice-pushed Rhine–Meuse deposits in the central Netherlands decreases northwestward. This trend correlates to the downstream fining direction of the Rhine–Meuse fluvial system, the source of the rock material, showing that locally available material was used. Furthermore, also in line with the fluvial trend, the gravel and cobble trends indicate that EMP artefacts could be present in the buried part of the ice-pushed ridges in the northern part of the central Netherlands (southwest Flevoland). Based on the gravel and cobble data, combined with the literature study, we argue that the artefacts date to marine isotope stages (MIS) 7–6. The review of published data shows that during the time of deposition of the artefact-bearing layer (early MIS 6), the Rhine–Meuse study area was part of a braidplain located in a slightly incised valley. To the north a polar desert was present.
Spectral ranking
Authors: VIGNA SEBASTIANO 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe sketch the history of spectral ranking—a general umbrella name for techniques that apply the theory of linear maps (in particular, eigenvalues and eigenvectors) to matrices that do not represent geometric transformations, but rather some kind of relationship between entities. Albeit recently made famous by the ample press coverage of Google's PageRank algorithm, spectral ranking was devised more than 60 years ago, almost exactly in the same terms, and has been studied in psychology, social sciences, bibliometrics, economy, and choice theory. We describe the contribution given by previous scholars in precise and modern mathematical terms: Along the way, we show how to express in a general way damped rankings, such as Katz's index, as dominant eigenvectors of perturbed matrices, and then use results on the Drazin inverse to go back to the dominant eigenvectors by a limit process. The result suggests a regularized definition of spectral ranking that yields for a general matrix a unique vector depending on a boundary condition.
Winning the Peace Locally: UN Peacekeeping and Local Conflict
Authors: Ruggeri Andrea , Dorussen Han , Gizelis Theodora-Ismene 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIt remains contested whether peacekeeping works. The impact of peacekeepers’ actions at the local subnational level for overall mission success has lately received critical attention. Local peacekeeping is expected to matter because it reassures local actors, deters resumption of armed hostilities, coerces parties to halt fighting, and makes commitment to agreements credible. Thus peacekeepers affect the relations between central and local elites and avoid the emergence of local power vacuums and areas of lawlessness. This study uses new subnational data on the deployment of United Nations peacekeepers. It uses matching and recursive bivariate probit models with exogenous variables for temporal and spatial variation to deal with possible nonrandom assignment of the treatment. We demonstrate that conflict episodes last for shorter periods when peacekeepers are deployed to conflict-prone locations inside a country, even with comparatively modest deployment. The effect of peacekeeping on the onset of local conflict is, however, less clear cut.
Internal Movement Transformation and the Diffusion of Student Protest in Chile
Authors: PALACIOS-VALLADARES INDIRA 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article seeks to understand the impressive scale of recent student protests in Chile. It underscores how relative institutional closure to student demands created, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, a growing cleavage between the movement and the political establishment, leading to major innovations in movement identity and organisation. These innovations rendered the movement more attractive to non-activists, helping in later years to diffuse contention from traditional hotbeds of student activism to schools and universities with little history of it.
The impact of education, country, race and ethnicity on the self-report of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Authors: Di Florio A. , Putnam K. , Altemus M. , Apter G. , Bergink V. , Bilszta J. , Brock R. , Buist A. , Deligiannidis K. M. , Devouche E. , Epperson C. N. , Guille C. , Kim D. , Lichtenstein P. , Magnusson P. K. E. , Martinez P. , Munk-Olsen T. , Newport J. , Payne J. , Penninx B. W. , O'Hara M. , Robertson-Blackmore E. , Roza S. J. , Sharkey K. M. , Stuart S. , Tiemeier H. , Viktorin A. , Schmidt P. J. , Sullivan P. F. , Stowe Z. N. , Wisner K. L. , Jones I. , Rubinow D. R. , Meltzer-Brody S. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundUniversal screening for postpartum depression is recommended in many countries. Knowledge of whether the disclosure of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period differs across cultures could improve detection and provide new insights into the pathogenesis. Moreover, it is a necessary step to evaluate the universal use of screening instruments in research and clinical practice. In the current study we sought to assess whether the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the most widely used screening tool for postpartum depression, measures the same underlying construct across cultural groups in a large international dataset.MethodOrdinal regression and measurement invariance were used to explore the association between culture, operationalized as education, ethnicity/race and continent, and endorsement of depressive symptoms using the EPDS on 8209 new mothers from Europe and the USA.ResultsEducation, but not ethnicity/race, influenced the reporting of postpartum depression [difference between robust comparative fit indexes (∆*CFI) < 0.01]. The structure of EPDS responses significantly differed between Europe and the USA (∆*CFI > 0.01), but not between European countries (∆*CFI < 0.01).ConclusionsInvestigators and clinicians should be aware of the potential differences in expression of phenotype of postpartum depression that women of different educational backgrounds may manifest. The increasing cultural heterogeneity of societies together with the tendency towards globalization requires a culturally sensitive approach to patients, research and policies, that takes into account, beyond rhetoric, the context of a person's experiences and the context in which the research is conducted.