bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of acrylate copolymer modified byTiO2nanoparticles with excellent photo‐oxidative stability for application in ancient ivory conservation
Authors: Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Yulong , Fang Shuying , Luo Xiyun , Jin Haiyang , Xu Zhizhen , Xia Wei 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, acrylate copolymer has been fabricated by graft copolymerization of acrylate monomer (EMA:EA is 70:30) with functional TiO2nanoparticles, which was surface‐modified by the silane coupling agent methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (KH570) to attach active ends. The structure and properties of the copolymer were characterized by FT‐IR, FE‐SEM, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet‐visible spectra, and discoloration. Characterization revealed that functional TiO2particles were grafted onto the chain of the acrylate copolymer and the acrylate copolymer showed excellent photo‐oxidative stability and transparency. The acrylate copolymer was applied to protect and consolidate ancient ivory by surface coating without destruction of chemical structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43291.
Toughening effect of CPE on ASA/SAN binary blends at different temperatures
Authors: Mao Zepeng , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe effect of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) on the impact toughness of acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylic (ASA) terpolymer/styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) binary blends (25/75, w/w) was systematically investigated at three different temperatures (−30  °C, 0  °C, and 23  °C). With the addition of 60 phr CPE, the impact strength increased by 11 times at 23  °C and 10 times at 0  °C. However, the toughening effect was not obvious when the testing temperature was −30  °C. Since the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of CPE was about −18.3  °C as measured with dynamic mechanical analysis tests, the polymeric chains of CPE have been “frozen out” at −30  °C. As a result, CPE evidently cannot improve the toughness of the blend system. The morphology of impact‐fractured surfaces observed by scanning electron microscopy also confirmed the effect of CPE on the impact toughness of ASA/SAN binary blends. The heat distortion temperature remained almost unchanged, indicating that the improvement in toughness did not sacrifice heat resistance. Furthermore, other mechanical properties were evaluated, and the possible interactions among components of the blends were also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43353.
Poly(lactic acid) biocomposites reinforced with ultrafine bamboo‐char: Morphology, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties
Authors: Qian Shaoping , Sheng Kuichuan , Yao Wenchao , Yu Hui 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, ultrafine bamboo‐char (BC) was introduced into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix to improve mechanical and thermal properties of PLA based biodegradable composites. PLA/BC biocomposites were fabricated with different BC contents by weight. Uniform dispersion of BC in the PLA matrix and good interactionviaphysical and chemical interfacial interlocks were achieved. The maximum tensile strength and tensile modulus values of 14.03 MPa and 557.74 MPa were obtained when 30% BC was used. Impact strength of the biocomposite with 30% BC was increased by 160%, compared to that of pure PLA. DSC analysis illustrated that PLA/BC biocomposites had a better thermal property. Crystallization temperature decreased and maximal crystallinity of 30.30% was observed with 30% BC load. We did not notice significant thermal degradation differences between biocomposites with different BC loadings from TGA. Better water resistance was obtained with the addition of BC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43425.
Antimicrobial carbon materials incorporating copper nano‐crystallites and their PLA composites
Authors: Ilnicka Anna , Walczyk Mariusz , Lukaszewicz Jerzy P. , Janczak Katarzyna , Malinowski Rafal 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn the first stage, carbon materials were manufactured from chitin and chitosan as the main precursor. Chitin and chitosan were impregnated with Cu2+ ions. Using heat treatment, the organic matter (biopolymers) was transformed into a porous carbon matrix, while copper ions were transformed into copper‐based nano‐crystallites containing copper atoms in a +1 and 0 oxidation state. Such synthesized carbons exhibited high contact antifungal activity, e.g., for sample, CH‐ACu0.1_Ox against R. nigricans the inhibition zone is 10.27 mm. In the second stage, composite polymer films were manufactured by mixing polylactide (PLA) and the obtained microbial carbon material (up to 3 wt % Cu‐carbon content). Despite the very low content of carbon material (3 wt %), the composite PLA films exhibited excellent microbial properties for selected bacteria and fungi, e.g., sample CuCM3%/PLA demonstrated high log10 reduction values of 2.17 and 2.66 for the strains of E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The composite films, and their components, were examined by means of diversified physicochemical methods like low temperature adsorption of nitrogen, SEM, elemental analysis, XRD, cyclic voltammetry, antifungal, and antibacterial analysis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43429.
Brandverhalten von Brettsperrholz
Authors: Klippel Michael , Frangi Andrea 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBrettsperrholz (BSP) wird zunehmend im modernen Holzbau für Wände, Decken oder Dachelemente als hochwertiges, innovatives und wirtschaftliches Tragelement eingesetzt. Bei sorgfältiger Planung und Ausführung ist es möglich, einen sicheren Einsatz von BSP auch in Gebäuden mit erhöhten Brandschutzanforderungen und gemäß den Anforderungen von Tragwerksnormen (z. B. EN 1995‐1‐1 und EN 1995‐1‐2) [1, 2] zu gewährleisten. Weltweit wurden bereits zahlreiche Brandversuche mit BSP durchgeführt, um den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Querschnittsaufbauten sowie verschiedener Klebstoffe auf den Feuerwiderstand von Decken‐ und Wandelementen aus BSP zu untersuchen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die umfangreichen experimentellen Untersuchungen, wichtige Erkenntnisse werden zusammengefasst und Empfehlungen für die Brandbemessung von BSP erläutert. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass eine ausreichende Datengrundlage existiert, um das Brandverhalten von BSP zuverlässig zu beschreiben.
Cooperation of Aspergillus nidulans enzymes increases plant polysaccharide saccharification
Authors: Tramontina Robson , Robl Diogo , Maitan‐Alfenas Gabriela Piccolo , de Vries Ronald P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEfficient polysaccharide degradation depends on interaction between enzymes acting on the main chain and the side chains. Previous studies demonstrated cooperation between several enzymes, but not all enzyme combinations have been explored. A better understanding of enzyme cooperation would enable the design of better enzyme mixtures, optimally profiting from synergistic effects. In this study, we analyzed the cooperation of several enzymes involved in the degradation of xylan, glucan, xyloglucan and crude plant biomass from Aspergillus nidulans by single and combined incubations with their polymeric substrate. Positive effects were observed between most enzymes, although not always to the same extent. Moreover, the tailor made cocktails formulated in this study resulted in efficient release of glucose from plant biomass. This study also serves as an example for the complex cooperation that occurs between enzymes in plant biomass saccharification and how expression in easily‐accessible hosts, such as Pichia pastoris, can help in revealing these effects.
Expression of type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferse gene DGTT1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii enhances lipid production in Scenedesmus obliquus
Authors: Chen Chun‐Yen , Kao Ai‐Ling , Tsai Zheng‐Chia , Chow Te‐Jin , Chang Hsin‐Yueh , Zhao Xin‐Qing , Chen Po‐Ting , Su Hsiang‐Yen , Chang Jo‐Shu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMicroalgal strains of Scenedesmus obliquus have the great potential for the production of biofuels, CO2 fixation, and bioremediation. However, metabolic engineering of S. obliquus to improve their useful phenotypes are still not fully developed. In this study, S. obliquus strain CPC2 was genetically engineered to promote the autotrophic growth and lipid productivity. The overexpression plasmid containing the type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferse (DGAT) gene DGTT1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was constructed and transformed into S. obliquus CPC2, and the positive transformants were obtained. The expression of DGTT1 gene was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR analysis. Enhanced lipid content of the transformant S. obliquus CPC2‐G1 by nearly two‐fold was observed. The biomass concentration of the recombinant strains was also 29% higher than that of the wild‐type strain. Furthermore, the recombinant strain CPC2‐G1 was successfully grown in 40 L tubular type photobioreactor and open pond system in an outdoor environment. The lipid content, biomass concentration, and biomass productivity obtained from 40 L tubular PBR were 127.8% 20.0%, and 232.6% higher than those obtained from the wild‐type strain. The major aim of this work is to develop a tool to genetically engineer an isolated S. obliquus strain for the desired purpose. This is the first report that genetic engineering of S. obliquus has been successful employed to improve both the microalgal cell growth and the lipid production.
Comparison of LC‐UV and LC–MS methods for simultaneous determination of teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate and fampridine in human plasma: application to rat pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Suneetha A. , Raja Rajeswari K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study describes a comparison between LC‐UV and LC–MS method for the simultaneous analyses of a few disease‐modifying agents of multiple sclerosis. Quantitative determination of fampridine (FAM), teriflunomide (TFM) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) was performed in human plasma with the recovery values in the range of 85–115%. A reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV as well as MS detection is used. The method utilizes an XBridge C18 silica column and a gradient elution with mobile phase consisting of ammonium formate and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1. The method adequately resolves FAM, TFM and DMF within a run time of 15 min. Owing to low molecular weights, the estimation of DMF and FAM is more versatile in UV than MS detection. With LC‐UV, the detection limits of FAM, TFM and DMF were 0.1, 0.05, 0.05 μg and the quantification limit for all the analytes was 1 μg. With LC–MS, the detection and quantification limits for all of the analytes were 1 and 5 ng, respectively. The two techniques were completely validated and shown to be reproducible and sensitive. They were applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats by a single oral dose. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for cerebral edema, cerebral perfusion, and intracranial pressure elevations in acute mountain sickness
Authors: DiPasquale Dana M. , Muza Stephen R. , Gunn Andrea M. , Li Zhi , Zhang Quan , Harris N. Stuart , Strangman Gary E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionWe hypothesized that cerebral alterations in edema, perfusion, and/or intracranial pressure (ICP) are related to the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS).MethodsTo vary AMS, we manipulated ambient oxygen, barometric pressure, and exercise duration. Thirty‐six subjects were tested before, during and after 8 h exposures in (1) normobaric normoxia (NN; 300 m elevation equivalent); (2) normobaric hypoxia (NH; 4400 m equivalent); and (3) hypobaric hypoxia (HH; 4400 m equivalent). After a passive 15 min ascent, each subject participated in either 10 or 60 min of cycling exercise at 50% of heart rate reserve. We measured tissue absorption and scattering via radio‐frequency near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) via ultrasound, and AMS symptoms before, during, and after environmental exposures.ResultsWe observed significant increases in NIRS tissue scattering of 0.35 ± 0.11 cm−1 (P = 0.001) in subjects with AMS (i.e., AMS+), consistent with mildly increased cerebral edema. We also noted a small, but significant increase in total hemoglobin concentrations with AMS+, 3.2 ± 0.8 μmolL−1 (P < 0.0005), consistent with increased cerebral perfusion. No effect of exercise duration was found, nor did we detect differences between NH and HH. ONSD assays documented a small but significant increase in ONSD (0.11 ± 0.02 mm; P < 0.0005) with AMS+, suggesting mildly elevated ICP, as well as further increased ONSD with longer exercise duration (P = 0.005).ConclusionIn AMS+, we found evidence of cerebral edema, elevated cerebral perfusion, and elevated ICP. The observed changes were small but consistent with the reversible nature of AMS.
Palladium Supported on Nanodiamonds as an Efficient Catalyst for the Hydrogenating Deamination of Benzonitrile and Related Compounds
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Ding Yuxiao , Feng Zhenbao , Su Dangsheng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPalladium nanoparticles were successfully prepared on a nanodiamond (ND) support and used for the hydrogenating deamination of benzonitrile, aromatic imines, and amines for the first time. The developed methodology was further used for the in situ conversion of aldehydes into hydrocarbons, including a biomass‐derived model compound. The activity of the catalyst was compared with palladium supported on activated carbon (AC) under identical conditions and the performance of Pd/ND was found to be superior to Pd/AC. The origin of the difference in the catalytic performance was considered. Finally, an attempt has been made to understand the mechanism through the identification of the side products by GCMS analysis.
Magnesium Sulfate/Polymer Composites for Seasonal, Thermochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Kallenberger Paul A. , Brieler Felix J. , Posern Konrad , Fröba Michael 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA magnesium sulfate/polymer composite has been synthesized as active material for seasonal, thermochemical heat storage. It was found that the salt can store heat in the process of hydration/dehydration and the porous polymer matrix contributes due to adsorption and desorption of water. The composite shows high water uptake and a high gravimetric as well as volumetric heat storage capacity. The presented concept can be adapted to different salts and particle sizes of the respective salt within the matrix to investigate possible effects of particle size on heat of hydration and kinetic effects.
Optimal design of hydraulic capsule pipelines transporting spherical capsules
Authors: Asim Taimoor , Mishra Rakesh 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe scarcity of fossil fuels affects the efficiency of established modes of cargo transport within the transportation industry. Extensive research is being carried out on improving the efficiency of existing modes of cargo transport, as well as developing alternative means of transporting goods. One such alternative method is using energy contained within fluid flowing in pipelines to transfer goods from one place to another. The present study focuses on the use of advanced numerical modelling tools to simulate the flow within hydraulic capsule pipelines (HCPs) transporting spherical capsules with an aim of developing design equations. “Hydraulic capsule pipeline” refers to the transport of goods in hollow containers (“capsules”), typically spherical or cylindrical in shape, which are carried along the pipeline by water. HCPs are used in mineral industries and have potential for use in oil and gas sectors. A novel modelling technique was employed to investigate various geometric and flow conditions within HCPs. Both qualitative and quantitative flow analyses were carried out on the flow of spherical capsules in an HCP for both onshore and offshore applications. Furthermore, based on the least‐cost principle, an optimization methodology was developed for the design of single‐stage HCPs. The input to the optimization model is the solid throughput required from the system, and the outputs are the optimal diameter of the HCPs and the pumping requirements for the capsule transporting system.
Where There's Smoke, There's Fire? Significance of Atrial Fibrillation in Young Patients
Authors: Wutzler Alexander , von Ulmenstein Sophie , Attanasio Philipp , Huemer Martin , Parwani Abdul Shokor , Völk Katharina , Blaschke Florian , Boldt Leif‐Hendrik , Haverkamp Wilhelm 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF), a disease of the elderly, occasionally occurs at younger age. Pathophysiology of AF in younger patients is diverse, including channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. Data on the significance and complications of AF in young patients are scarce.HypothesisAtrial fibrillation is the first manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young patients.MethodsFrom 11 888 patients in a university hospital database, patients age ≤35 years were identified. A composite of stroke/transient ischemic attack, thromboembolic events, major bleeding, and death was the primary endpoint. Stroke/transient ischemic attack, thromboembolic events, major bleeding, death, AF during follow‐up, diagnosis of arrhythmia other than AF, and new diagnosis of any CVD were secondary endpoints.Endpoints were compared between patients with and without comorbidities.ResultsWe identified 124 patients (29.1± 5 years). Of those, 84 were followed over 48.4 ± 39.8 months. Comorbidities were present in 40.5%. Incidence of the primary endpoint was not different between the groups. Arrhythmias other than AF were more common in patients without comorbidities (36% vs 14.7%; P = 0.032). A supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) was found in 57.1% of patients who underwent electrophysiological testing and was treated with catheter ablation. None of those patients had AF during follow‐up.ConclusionsAtrial fibrillation occurs in young patients with and without structural heart disease. Young AF patients without comorbidities rarely develop CVD during the first years after diagnosis. Yet, an SVT is found in a high proportion of young AF patients; AF may be first manifestation of SVT. Therefore, young patients should undergo further evaluation for SVT
Incidence and incidence trends of the most frequent cancers in adolescent and young adult Americans, including “nonmalignant/noninvasive” tumors
Authors: Barr Ronald D. , Ries Lynn A. G. , Lewis Denise R. , Harlan Linda C. , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Pollock Bradley H. , Bleyer W. Archie ,   for the US National Cancer Institute Science of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Epidemiology Working Group
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDIncidence rates and trends of cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) ages 15 to 39 years were reexamined a decade after the US National Cancer Institute AYA Oncology Progress Review Group was established.METHODSData from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program through 2011 were used to ascertain incidence trends since the year 2000 of the 40 most frequent cancers in AYAs, including tumors with nonmalignant/noninvasive behavior.RESULTSSeven cancers in AYAs exhibited an overall increase in incidence; in 4, the annual percent change (APC) exceeded 3 (kidney, thyroid, uterus [corpus], and prostate cancer); whereas, in 3, the APC was between 0.7 and 1.4 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia and cancers of the colorectum and testis). Eight cancers exhibited statistically significant decreases in incidence among AYAs: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), fibromatous neoplasms, melanoma, and cancers of the anorectum, bladder, uterine cervix, esophagus, and lung, each with an APC less than −1. AYAs had a higher proportion of noninvasive tumors than either older or younger patients.CONCLUSIONSAn examination of cancer incidence patterns in AYAs observed over the recent decade reveal a complex pattern. Thyroid cancer by itself accounts for most of the overall increase and is likely caused by overdiagnosis. Reductions in cervix and lung cancer, melanoma, and KS can be attributed to successful national prevention programs. A higher proportion of noninvasive tumors in AYAs than in children and older adults indicates a need to revise the current system of classifying tumors in this population. Cancer 2016;122:1000–1008. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Satisfaction with cancer care among underserved racial‐ethnic minorities and lower‐income patients receiving patient navigation
Authors: Jean‐Pierre Pascal , Cheng Ying , Wells Kristen J. , Freund Karen M. , Snyder Frederick R. , Fiscella Kevin , Holden Alan E. , Paskett Electra D. , Dudley Donald J. , Simon Melissa A. , Valverde Patricia A. ,   for the Patient Navigation Research Program
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDPatient navigation is a barrier‐focused program of care coordination designed to achieve timely and high‐quality cancer‐related care for medically underserved racial‐ethnic minorities and the poor. However, to the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have examined the relationship between satisfaction with navigators and cancer‐related care.METHODSThe authors included data from 1345 patients with abnormal cancer screening tests or a definitive cancer diagnosis who participated in the Patient Navigation Research Program to test the efficacy of patient navigation. Participants completed demographic questionnaires and measures of patient satisfaction with cancer‐related care (PSCC) and patient satisfaction with interpersonal relationship with navigator (PSN‐I). The authors obtained descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and conducted regression analyses to assess the degree of association between PSN‐I and PSCC, controlling for demographic and clinical factors. Analyses of variance were conducted to examine group differences controlling for statistically significant covariates.RESULTSStatistically significant relationships were found between the PSCC and PSN‐I for patients with abnormal cancer screening tests (1040 patients; correlation coefficient (r), 0.4 [P<.001]) and those with a definitive cancer diagnosis (305 patients; correlation coefficient, 0.4 [P<.001]). The regression analysis indicated that having an abnormal colorectal cancer screening test in the abnormal screening test group and increased age and minority race‐ethnicity status in the cancer diagnosis group were associated with a higher satisfaction with cancer care (P<.01).CONCLUSIONSSatisfaction with navigators appears to be significantly associated with satisfaction with cancer‐related care. Information regarding the patient‐navigator relationship should be integrated into patient navigation programs to maximize the likelihood of reducing caner disparities and mortality for medically underserved racial‐ethnic minorities and the poor. Cancer 2016;122:1060–1067. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Gender and Environmental Sustainability: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Kassinis George , Panayiotou Alexia , Dimou Andreas , Katsifaraki Georgia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the relationship between gender and environmental sustainability. Based on a sample of 296 firms, drawn from the population of US publicly traded firms over a five‐year period, we empirically test whether firms that have (1) more gender diverse boards of directors and (2) more policies and practices that enable or reinforce gender diversity throughout the organization, adopted more environmentally responsible policies and practices. We find that both ‘demographic’ and ‘structural’ gender diversity are significant predictors of a firm's environmental sustainability initiatives. Our findings show gender diversity is a sustainability issue as well. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.