bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing deep learning models in an intelligent spiral drawing classification system for Parkinson’s disease classification
Authors: Farhah Nesren 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness that impairs normal human movement. The primary cause of PD is the deficiency of dopamine in the human brain. PD also leads to several other challenges, including insomnia, eating disturbances, excessive sleepiness, fluctuations in blood pressure, sexual dysfunction, and other issues.MethodsThe suggested system is an extremely promising technological strategy that may help medical professionals provide accurate and unbiased disease diagnoses. This is accomplished by utilizing significant and unique traits taken from spiral drawings connected to Parkinson’s disease. While PD cannot be cured, early administration of drugs may significantly improve the condition of a patient with PD. An expeditious and accurate clinical classification of PD ensures that efficacious therapeutic interventions can commence promptly, potentially impeding the advancement of the disease and enhancing the quality of life for both patients and their caregivers. Transfer learning models have been applied to diagnose PD by analyzing important and distinctive characteristics extracted from hand-drawn spirals. The studies were carried out in conjunction with a comparison analysis employing 102 spiral drawings. This work enhances current research by analyzing the effectiveness of transfer learning models, including VGG19, InceptionV3, ResNet50v2, and DenseNet169, for identifying PD using hand-drawn spirals.ResultsTransfer machine learning models demonstrate highly encouraging outcomes in providing a precise and reliable classification of PD. Actual results demonstrate that the InceptionV3 model achieved a high accuracy of 89% when learning from spiral drawing images and had a superior receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve value of 95%.DiscussionThe comparison results suggest that PD identification using these models is currently at the forefront of PD research. The dataset will be enlarged, transfer learning strategies will be investigated, and the system’s integration into a comprehensive Parkinson’s monitoring and evaluation platform will be looked into as future research areas. The results of this study could lead to a better quality of life for Parkinson’s sufferers, individualized treatment, and an early classification.
Response surface methodology-based optimization of Inonotus hispidus’ liquid fermentation medium and evaluation of its exopolysaccharide activities
Authors: Gao Yuhan , Li Xiaomin , Xu Hui , Sun Huijuan , Zhang Junli , Wu Xiaoping , Fu Junsheng 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionInonotus hispidus, commonly referred to as the Sanghuang mushroom, is a species that is consumed as a tea. To date, this is the only species of the same fungus that has been successfully cultivated.MethodsA single-factor test was conducted using Inonotus hispidus MS-5 and MS-9 as test materials. The response surface methodology was adopted to design and optimise the liquid fermentation medium for them.ResultsAs indicated in the results, the optimum fermentation conditions for MS-5 include 24.09 g/L glucose, 7.88 g/L yeast extract, 0.99 g/L dandelion powder, 1.5 g MgSO4, 2 g KH2PO4, 0.01 g vitamin B1, and 1 L deionized water; the optimum fermentation conditions for MS-9 include 24.64 g/L glucose, 7.77 g/L yeast extract, 0.98 g/L dandelion powder, 1.5 g MgSO4, 2 g KH2PO4, 0.01 g vitamin B1, and 1 L deionized water. Under such conditions, the mycelial biomass (dry weight) values were able to reach 16.02 g/L and 14.91 g/L for MS-5 and MS-9, respectively, which were 1.6 and 1.54 times those measured before optimization.DiscussionAs revealed in the antioxidant and anticancer experiment, Inonotus hispidus exopolysaccharides has corresponding functional effects at the cellular level. This research optimised the liquid culture formulation of Inonotus hispidus and demonstrated that the function of it as a traditional Sanghuang herbal tea is well-documented.
Diagnostic value and correlation analysis of serum cytokine levels in patients with multiple system atrophy
Authors: Chen Xueping , Chen Sihui , Lai Xiaohui , Fu Jiajia , Yang Jing , Ou Ruwei , Zhang Lingyu , Wei Qianqian , Guo Xiaoyan , Shang Huifang 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe association between cytokines in peripheral blood and clinical symptoms of multiple system atrophy (MSA) has been explored in only a few studies with small sample size, and the results were obviously controversial. Otherwise, no studies have explored the diagnostic value of serum cytokines in MSA.MethodsSerum cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), were measured in 125 MSA patients and 98 healthy controls (HCs). Correlations of these serum cytokines with clinical variables were analyzed in MSA patients. Diagnostic value of cytokines for MSA was plotted by receiver operating curves.ResultsNo significant differences were found in sex and age between the MSA group and the HCs. TNF-α in MSA patients were significantly higher than those in HCs (area under the curve (AUC) 0.768), while IL-6 and IL-8 were not. Only Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) has a positive correlation between with TNF-α in MSA patients with age and age at onset as covariates. Serum IL-6 was associated with HAMA, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Unified MSA Rating Scale I (UMSARS I) scores, the UMSARS IV and the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living scores. However, IL-8 was not associated with all clinical variables in MSA patients. Regression analysis showed that HAMA and age at onset were significantly associated with TNF-α, and only HAMA was mild related with IL-6 levels in MSA patients.ConclusionSerum TNF-α and IL-6 levels in MSA patients may be associated with anxiety symptom; however, only TNF-α was shown to be a useful tool in distinguishing between MSA and HCs.
From personality types to social labels: the impact of using MBTI on social anxiety among Chinese youth
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Hao Wenzhu , Zeng Gao , Du Weiyi 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionAs the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) gains popularity among Chinese young people, it has undergone a gradual transition from being perceived as a personality assessment tool to being regarded as a social label. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether the use of the MBTI as a social label has an impact on social anxiety among Chinese youth groups.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted on social media platforms to recruit Chinese youth aged 18 to 35. A total of 247 males and 222 females participated in the study, and the data was analyzed quantitatively using SPSS software and the Process macro plugin.ResultsThe study found no strong correlation between MBTI as a social label and social anxiety. Moreover, this study introduced ego identity, belonging, and impression management as mediating variables and found that, under the influence of ego identity and impression management, the use of MBTI has a significant impact on social anxiety.DiscussionThe research reveals the complex role of MBTI among Chinese youth and provides a new perspective for understanding the impact of online social labels on the mental health of youth groups. Of course, this study also has limitations in terms of sample size and variable control. Future research should expand the sample size, introduce more potential influencing factors, and further validate and expand the existing conclusions.
A survey of nutritional education within the Holiday Activities and Food programme across England
Authors: Round Emily K. , Stretesky Paul B. , Defeyter Margaret Anne 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundNutritional education is a mandatory component of the Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) programme in England, yet there is a paucity of literature exploring how this component is delivered. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the delivery, content, dose and perceived impacts of nutritional education, at the HAF club level, across England.MethodsA self-completion, cross-sectional online survey design was adopted. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to collect data from HAF club leads (n = 147) from across England. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and frequencies.FindingsFace-to-face nutritional education was the most common mode of delivery, with sessions mostly comprising of discussing food and nutrition. However, whilst the majority of clubs delivered the required number of nutritional education sessions per week, according to the Department for Education’s guidelines, the time spent delivering individual nutritional education activities may not be sufficient to drive change in related skills and behaviours. Moreover, many clubs did not adopt a whole-family approach, and some did not deliver any nutritional education activities at all, which club leads attributed to a lack of material resources and ambiguity in the national HAF guidance.ConclusionNutritional education is delivered in a variety of ways across HAF clubs, based upon available local assets, resources and venues. Policy and practice recommendations include increased HAF funding to support clubs that lack material resources, national training in nutritional education, and evidence-informed guidance and practice.
Mental health awareness, stigma, and help-seeking attitudes among Albanian university students in the Western Balkans: a qualitative study
Authors: Hyseni Duraku Zamira , Davis Holly , Blakaj Artë , Ahmedi Seferi Arjeta , Mullaj Klea , Greiçevci Viola 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe significance of mental health and its impact on overall well-being is increasingly acknowledged across various sectors, including higher education. However, despite this growing recognition, the stigma associated with mental health issues and related help-seeking, particularly within certain cultural groups and socio-economic contexts, continues to pose a formidable barrier to effective care, especially among university students. Addressing these challenges, this study explores the intricate interplay of factors affecting mental health awareness and stigma, including help-seeking behaviors among Albanian university students in three Western Balkan countries: Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Albania. By dissecting these multi-layered influences, this study aims to develop targeted interventions to enhance mental well-being and dismantle barriers to care in these regions.MethodsThis qualitative study involved 60 Albanian university students from Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Albania, using focus groups to gather data. The discussions were structured around the socio-ecological model, facilitating a comprehensive exploration of the individual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal factors influencing mental health awareness, stigma, and help-seeking behaviors.ResultsFindings from the study indicate a moderate awareness of mental health issues among students. Familial and cultural stigma among Albanians in the Balkans hinder open discussions and access to professional help. There is a notable lack of support from higher education institutions, with only 20% of students reporting that their mental health needs are met. These needs include affordable and confidential counseling, empathetic faculty interactions, and a supportive campus environment. Additionally, there is a lack of continuous and professional help within the community. Societal attitudes deeply rooted in Albanian cultural norms and traditional beliefs perpetuate stigma, limiting effective health care and help-seeking behavior.DiscussionThe results emphasize the need for a culturally sensitive and holistic approach to mental health interventions that integrates strategies across multiple levels of the socio-ecological model. Enhancing mental health literacy, reducing stigma, and advocating for supportive legislation and policies in the Western Balkan region are critical. Moreover, the study highlights the urgent necessity for universities in particular to improve their mental health services, which will significantly enhance both the academic success and personal development of students.
Ecological compensation of agricultural heritage conservation: case of the mountainous Juglans hopeiensis planting system in Beijing
Authors: Du Haixia , Xu Guangcai , Lin Yusen 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionAgricultural heritage, consisting of farmers’ livelihood activities, experiential knowledge systems, and rural landscapes, is an integrated regional system with significant historical, cultural, and biodiversity value based on the natural environment and land use. Agricultural heritage is rich in traditional wisdom on the use of natural resources and is of great value in achieving the goals of sustainable agriculture and food security. The protection of agricultural heritage provides a favorable environment for farmers to engage in agricultural production, and provides a wide variety of potential agricultural production processes, thus adopting possibilities for the transformation of sustainable food systems. Ecological compensation can be an effective method for narrowing the development gap caused by heritage conservation. It can improve farmers’ livelihoods in heritage sites and stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers to protect the agricultural heritage.MethodsTaking the mountainous Juglans hopeiensis planting system in Beijing as a case study, we evaluate the amount of ecological compensation using the contingent valuation method based on statistical data and interviews with farmers by combining with their willingness to accept compensation and income gap with other farmers. In addition, we analyze the factors affecting farmers’ willingness to accept compensation.ResultsThe results show that ecological compensation at a standard of RMB 9823.13 yuan/(hm2·a) can meet the livelihood needs of farmers in heritage sites, thus bridging the income gap between farmers in and around the heritage sites. Whether farmers accept compensation is mainly influenced by five variables: gender, education level, per capita income, household members, and the proportion of therapy walnut income in household income.DiscussionWe suggest that a concrete ecological compensation mechanism should be further constructed to ensure the effective implementation of ecological compensation and the longtime existence and development of agricultural heritage. This study can not only provide a reference for calculation of the ecological compensation amount and the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism for agricultural heritage in Beijing, but it is also crucial for the development of policies to ensure long-lasting conservation of agricultural heritage and continuous enhancement of farmers’ livelihoods, and to improve the adaptation of global agricultural systems.
Identifying The Knowledge Spillover Hotspot and its Role in Neighbouring Country Innovation
Authors: Darfo-Oduro Raymond Kwame Adane , Stejskal Jan 
Published: September 2024

The question on how to finance innovation activities of countries has taken a center stage in economic policy discussions in countries and among regional bodies. Such discussions require a policy direction to present alternative ways of financing innovation activities at lower cost in the face of dwindling resource available to countries and regional bodies for innovation activities. One important way of dealing with this challenge is to invest the limited resources in countries and sectors with the potential of higher knowledge spillover to benefit other countries and sectors. In this study therefore, we investigate to determine the knowledge spillover hotspot countries in Europe and how they affect neighbouring country’s innovation performance. For the purposes of policy to improve innovation performance in Europe, the knowledge spillover hotspot countries will guide European regional bodies to concentrate innovation investments in countries with the potential of high knowledge spillovers for the benefit of other countries. The study specifically investigated R&D spillover and explicit knowledge spillover hotspots in the manufacturing sectors of Europe and their effects. Data for the study is unstructured and sourced from the World bank with the longest spans being 2005 to 2020 and shortest being 2013 to 2017. In all, nine countries were sampled based on data availability for the study. These countries include Poland, Germany, Slovakia, Slovenia, Lithuania, Belgium, France, Spain and Czech Republic. The study employed panel data analysis. Based on the Hausman test, fixed effect model was chosen as against random effect model. The results of the study show that after controlling for institutional and economic factors and ensuring robustness against heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation R&D spillover hotspots in Europe include Germany and Slovakia whereas explicit knowledge spillover hotspots are Poland, Slovenia, Lithuania and France. The results of the study have shown that the relationship between knowledge spillover from the hotspot countries and surrounding country’s innovation varies. For some of the hotspots, the relationship is linear whilst in others the relationship is nonlinear. The study also confirm that explicit knowledge is more susceptible to Knowledge spillover.
Collaborative Policy Development for Effective, Flexible Working
Authors: Ryan Linda 
Published: September 2024

In the post-COVID environment, work flexibility is an increasingly important factor in employee attraction and retention. This new way of working is particularly challenging in the public sector as it is bound by high levels of rules, regulations and bureaucracy. Academic literature on the post-Covid ways of working is limited as the research takes time to catch up to current practices and does not fully capture or address the novel issues currently faced by public sector managers. With the increasing demand for flexible working, it is vital to explore how public sector organisations exploit opportunities and avoid potential risks in this new way of working. Through our empirical study with a public sector organisation, it is argued that the rapid shift to flexible working was possible as it leveraged off the pre-COVID organisational culture. High levels of organic tacit knowledge exchange were possible through staff’s physical proximity in the workplace. Under new flexible work practices, this is often no longer the case. For sustainable, effective knowledge exchange, operational policies must capture, consider and support operant knowledge exchange in this new geographically dispersed work environment. Drawing on service design theory and public sector management literature, this study generates managerial and policy learnings, practices, and methodologies for collaborative work policy development. Firstly, we demonstrate that, as traditional operational policies focus on quantifiable, explicit knowledge and communication, a new user-centred approach to policy development is required. It demonstrates the managerial need for collaborative policy development, which engages staff in capturing both explicit and tacit knowledge for effective operations. Secondly, it identifies the implications of the loss of tacit knowledge exchange, particularly for staff new to the organisation. It highlights the implications of moving to online forms of engagement and collaboration and the impact on knowledge development and exchange. Thirdly, we show the importance of critical reflection within co-creative policy development. Critical reflection provides staff with opportunities and resources to question old practices, reflect on new practices and construct knowledge collaboratively.
Community-Led Innovation: Lessons from VEB2023, European Capital of Culture Programme
Authors: Lorincz Katalin , Hargitai Judit 
Published: September 2024

The "Microgrant" funding scheme launched under the Veszprém-Balaton2023 aimed to ignite creativity and innovation within local communities, businesses, and organizations in Veszprém and the Balaton region, as part of the European Capital of Culture initiative. Facilitated by the Veszprém-Balaton Region Public Foundation for Culture 2022-2023, this initiative utilized a unique four-round framework wherein community-driven projects ranging from community gardens to cultural exhibitions were presented and evaluated through a community decision-making process. Utilizing a cooperative board game format, the community decision-making process ensured diverse perspectives were considered, fostering consensus among jury members. The Microgrant project, with a funding pool of HUF 350,000 (approx. EUR 915), sought to empower local communities by supporting small-scaled projects all year round. These projects not only enriched the local cultural landscape but also fostered community cohesion and engagement. The research methodology approached the issue of social innovation from several angles. Structured interviews were conducted with VEB2023 staff (7 people) to map the application process and the community decision-making process, a questionnaire survey measured the opinions of jury members involved in community decision-making (64 people), and spatial and thematic characteristics were used to examine the 241 winning mini-proposals. The paper delves into the practical implementation of community decision-making process, focusing on innovation, sustainability and adaptability. Beyond economic considerations, these initiatives have indirectly contributed to enhancing the subjective quality of life, diversifying the cultural offerings of the Lake Balaton region, and shaping the attitudes of residents towards community involvement and cultural preservation. Based on the outcomes, new inquiries arise: How can we leverage community decision-making, a methodology closely intertwined with the social dimension of sustainability, in forthcoming initiatives? How might this approach be flexibly adapted to various settlement and spatial development blueprints? And what are the key attributes that describe the potential of small-scaled communities?
Knowledge Transfer Across Borders in Multinational Companies
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhao Yixiao , Saleem Sumbal Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

Hong Kong S.A.R., China is one of the most economically prosperous areas in the world, with numerous multinational companies (MNCs) operating here. It is of vital importance for MNCs to leverage their knowledge across the entire organization, including both the head office and overseas branches. However, many MNCs struggle with knowledge transfer across borders due to the differences in national cultural and institutional factors. Therefore, this research seeks to explore these factors affecting knowledge transfer in MNCs in the Hong Kong S.A.R., China. Six semi-structured interviews with professional practitioners were carried out. Knowledge is transferred in MNCs mainly by three processes, namely, on-the-job training, knowledge-sharing sessions, and knowledge retention of leaving employees. Cultural differences including language differences, geography differences and power distance, technical factors, and institutional differences, including organizational structure differences, senior management support, and employee motivation do affect knowledge transfer of MNCs. This study adds new insights into knowledge transfer issues across the boundaries of MNCs in Hong Kong. It provides significant managerial implications that are helpful to these multinational organizations to achieve effective knowledge management in the global context to overcome cultural and institutional obstacles.