bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Vinyl‐Thiophosphate Formation Via Three‐Component Denitrative Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Ying , Zhu Yu , Ding Zong‐Cang , Tang Hai‐Tao , Pan Ying‐Ming , Duan Wen‐Gui , Cui Fei‐Hu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA three‐component denitrative cross‐coupling reaction mediated by visible light has been developed. Various 2‐arylvinyl thiophosphate compounds were synthesized with moderate‐to‐good yields using cheap, nontoxic, nonvolatile, and non‐hygroscopic elemental sulfur (S8) as the raw material. These transformations allow the direct formation of C−S and S−P bonds without metal catalyst via a one‐pot procedure.
Recyclable All‐in‐One Organo‐Photo‐Auxiliaries Enabling (sp3)C−(sp3)C Coupling Reactions with Diverse Functionalities
Authors: Maharjan Samjhana , Dakoju Ravi Kishore , Albano Bella , Ondiek Pamela A. , O'Shea Joseph M. , Cosme‐Hernandez Angel G. , Wink Donald , Pemberton Barry C. , Lopez Steven A. , Ayitou A. Jean‐Luc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotochemical C−C coupling reactions can be tailored to industrial chemical processes and preparations of pharmaceuticals. Recent approaches in this area are limited to using precious transition metal coordination complexes that facilitate light absorption and redox processes with benchtop chemicals. Herein, we propose a paradigm that involves all‐in‐one organo‐photo‐auxiliaries, thio‐heteroarenes, which exhibit unique photophysical properties. These thio‐heteroarenes were employed to prepare several all‐in‐one ionic photo‐salts from commercially available alkyl/benzyl and heterocyclic halides via aromaticity‐mediated nucleophilic substitution reactions. From the library of >30 salts, we performed on‐demand photochemical C−C coupling reactions to isolate numerous symmetrical and unsymmetrical diary/alkyl‐ethanes with yields up to 84% and mass balance as high as 96%. We also investigated the influence of structural features/properties on the outcomes of the photochemical C−C coupling reactions. The current photochemical C−C method was successful in the isolation of >30 photoproducts, including the natural product Brittonin A, a precursor of Imipramine, and derivatives of the bioactive Honokiol Analogues. Furthermore, transient absorption spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations were used to decipher the nature of light‐promoted electronic transitions.
Educator's blueprint: Key considerations for using social media in survey‐based medical education research
Authors: Ogle Kathleen Y. , Hill Jeffery , Santen Sally A. , Gottlieb Michael , Artino Anthony R. , Thoma Brent 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a set of recommendations for using social media as a tool for participant recruitment in survey‐based medical education research. Drawing from a limited but growing body of literature, we discuss the opportunities and challenges inherent to social media recruitment. This article builds on the authors’ previous educator's blueprints about survey design and administration. We highlight the advantages of social media, including its wide reach, cost‐effectiveness, and capability to access diverse and geographically dispersed populations, which can significantly enhance the representativeness of research samples. However, we also caution against potential pitfalls, such as ethical concerns, sampling bias, and the fluid nature of social media platforms. Our recommendations are informed by both empirical evidence and best practices, aiming to provide researchers with practical advice for effectively leveraging social media in survey‐based medical education research. We emphasize the importance of selecting suitable platforms and engaging with targeted demographics thoughtfully. By sharing our insights, we hope to assist fellow medical education researchers in navigating the complexities of social media recruitment, thereby enriching the quality and impact of survey‐based research in this field.
Clinician perceptions on barriers and facilitators to 1‐year surveillance colonoscopy completion in survivors of colorectal cancer
Authors: Kwendakwema C. Natasha , Hopkins Talor , Bell‐Brown Ari , Simianu Vlad V. , Shankaran Veena , Issaka Rachel B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Surveillance colonoscopy is recommended 1‐year after surgical resection for patients with stage I‐III CRC; however, only 18%–61% of CRC survivors complete this test. This study describes clinician‐identified barriers and facilitators to surveillance colonoscopy among CRC survivors.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with clinicians until thematic saturation was achieved. Interviews were analyzed using the social cognitive theory.ResultsThirteen clinicians were interviewed, and all identified health system‐level barriers to surveillance colonoscopy completion; the most common being fragmented care due to patients receiving care across many health systems. Clinicians also identified social determinants of health barriers (e.g., geographical distance between patients and health systems) to 1‐year surveillance colonoscopy completion.ConclusionsClinicians identified several potentially modifiable barriers to 1‐year surveillance colonoscopy completion which, if addressed, could improve post‐treatment care and outcomes among stage I‐III CRC survivors.
Comparison of outcomes from a university counselling service before and during COVID‐19: Exploring the use of remote therapy
Authors: Newcombe Connie , Broglia Emma , Wright Charlotte 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundResearch pooling data from UK university counselling services (UCSs) has allowed UCSs to compare their outcomes and demonstrate their effectiveness in improving student mental health. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, UCSs moved to remote delivery. Consequently, it was necessary to understand how this impacted students' outcomes.AimsThis evaluation aimed to (1) understand how the therapeutic outcomes of a UCS compared with established norms in UK UCS literature, and (2) understand whether delivering therapy online affected student outcomes compared with UK norms from in‐person therapy.MethodSessional outcome data from 627 students who attended the UCS in the 2020/2021 academic year were gathered. Descriptive analyses of students' initial clinical data (determined by the CCAPS‐34) were conducted. Paired sample t‐tests determined differences between the pre‐ and post‐therapy scores. The effect size of this difference was derived.ResultsStudents presented with high levels of academic distress, social anxiety, generalised anxiety and depression. The initial severity of mental health concerns was lower than that reported in previous literature. The largest improvements were evidenced for depression and general anxiety and 25% (n = 112) of students achieved reliable reductions in distress. Compared with existing literature, the UCS showed similar levels of improvement over therapy. It is suggested that remote therapy increased service accessibility.ConclusionThe delivery of remote therapy produced results consistent with norms in the UK data, highlighting the effectiveness of online therapy for university students. Further large‐scale evaluations of student outcomes from remotely delivered therapy are recommended.
Cavity‐Based Discovery of New Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylases
Authors: Simić Stefan , Cespugli Marco , Hetmann Michael C. , Kahler Ursula , Jurkaš Valentina , Di Giacomo Marikagiusy , Russo Maria E. , Marzocchella Antonio , Gruber Christian C. , Nestl Bettina M. , Winkler Christoph K. , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLight‐dependent fatty acid photodecarboxylases (FAPs) hold significant potential for biotechnology, due to their capability to produce alka(e)nes directly from the corresponding (un)saturated natural fatty acids requiring light as the only reagent. This study expands the family of FAPs through cavity‐based enzyme discovery methods. Thirty enzyme candidates with potential photodecarboxylation activity were identified by matching the cavities of four related template structures against the Protein Data Bank's flavoproteins, a library of proteins identified via the Foldseek Search Server, and homology models of sequences resulting from BLAST. Subsequent docking experiments narrowed this library to ten promising enzymes, which were expressed and assessed in vitro, identifying four photodecarboxylases. Out of these enzymes, the GMC oxidoreductase from Coccomyxa sp. Obi (CoFAP) was characterized in detail, which revealed high activity in the decarboxylation reactions of palmitic acid and octanoic acid and a broad pH tolerance (pH 6.5–9.5).
Amalgamating multiple selves in the storied experience of cross‐cultural mentorship
Authors: Qu Xiaoxuan , Luke Melissa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis narrative inquiry explores cross‐cultural experiences of a faculty mentor and an international doctoral student mentee in counselor education. Analysis unearthed themes on the approach to and experience of cross‐cultural mentorship, attunement and affirmation, growth opportunities, and professional and personal connections. Findings considered mentorship literature and addressed future application implications.
Conversion of Sugars to Lactic Acid using Homogeneous Niobium‐Substituted Polyoxometalate Catalysts
Authors: Wesner Anne , Raabe Jan‐Christian , Poller Maximilian J. , Meier Sebastian , Riisager Anders , Albert Jakob 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe catalytic conversion of biomass into high‐value chemicals is an increasing field of research. This study uniquely investigates the use of various Keggin‐type heteropoly salts (HPS) for the chemical conversion of sugars into lactic acid under mild conditions of 160 °C and 20 bar N2. In the first phase, Nb– and V–substituted HPSs were employed to synthesize lactic acid from dihydroxyacetone, an intermediate in the conversion of sugars to lactic acid. Results indicated that increasing the Nb content within the Keggin structure enhances the yield of lactic acid while reducing the formation of the byproduct acetaldehyde. A correlation was established between the redox activity of the HPS and the catalytic performance. The most active catalyst, Na5[PNb2Mo10O40], (NaNb2) achieved a lactic acid yield of 20.9 % after 1 h of reaction. In the second phase of the study, NaNb2 was applied for the conversion of different sugars including glucose, fructose, mannose, sucrose, xylose, and cellobiose. It was demonstrated that the catalyst remains active for complex hexoses, achieving lactic acid yields of up to 12 %. Post‐mortem analysis using infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) confirmed the stability of NaNb2.
Differential use of nest materials and niche space among avian species within a single ecological community
Authors: Akresh Michael E. , Mandell David , Grima Peter P. , King David I. , Lauer Kathryn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDifferential use of resources among bird species has been examined extensively in diet and nesting sites, but few studies have assessed this regarding avian nest materials. We assessed the structure and composition of nests in a group of co‐existing passerine shrubland birds at a site in Massachusetts, USA. We found, measured, collected, and dissected nests, and then weighed nest materials in morphological groups (e.g., bark, twigs, feathers) to determine if our seven focal species were using different nest materials. Among species, we compared proportional material masses in complete nests, and also separately in the exterior, structural part of the nest and the interior, cup lining. We found that the proportional masses of all 17 material types that we examined in nests differed among species. The compositions of nests among all seven bird species were distinct in multivariate ordination space and only a few pairs of species had substantial niche overlap. Proportional masses of materials within discrete sections (exterior and interior) also varied among species. Although some differences in nest composition could be partially explained by bird species size, nest materials differed even within the three larger bodied species and within four smaller bodied species. Our study builds upon previous studies that have shown species‐specificity in avian nest composition and supports the notion that birds using the same environment have distinct niches in relation to the materials placed in their nests. Niche partitioning due to interspecific competition could partially explain our findings, as certain materials are limited as resources, and searching for suitable nest materials is energetically costly. Additionally, other factors, such as partitioned nest sites, may have led to differential nest material use. We recommend further research to help elucidate underlying mechanisms of nest composition partitioning in birds and potentially other nest‐building taxa.
Diversity analysis: Richness versus evenness
Authors: Kvålseth Tarald O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRichness and evenness, two important components of diversity, have been the subject of numerous studies exploring their potential dependence or lack thereof. The results have been contradictory and inconclusive, but tending to indicate only a low (positive or negative) correlation. While such reported studies have been based on particular data sets and species abundance distributions, the present article provides the results of a study using randomly generated abundance distributions and hence more generalizable findings and valid statistical results. The results reveal no statistically significant correlation between richness and evenness based on such random sample of abundance distributions and on four well‐known measures of diversity, including Simpson's indices and the entropy index. Of the two diversity components, evenness is found to have the strongest influence on diversity, but for numbers‐equivalent or effective‐number formulations, richness tends to be the most influential diversity component. For analyzing the tradeoff between richness and evenness for any given diversity measure and abundance distribution, the richness‐evenness curve is introduced as a new tool for diversity analysis.
The role of heterotrophic plasticity in coral response to natural low‐light environments
Authors: Luo Yong , Yu Xiaolei , Huang Lintao , Gan Jianfeng , Lei Xinming , Jiang Lei , Liu Chengyue , Sun Youfang , Cheng Meng , Zhang Yuyang , Zhou Guowei , Liu Sheng , Lian Jiansheng , Huang Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoastal darkening is emerging as a global threat to fringing reefs. While some reef‐building corals exhibit resistance to low‐light environments, the mechanisms behind this resistance, particularly the role of coral hosts, remain inadequately understood. Here, we investigated variations in underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and employed the Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to estimate the contributions of autotrophic (i.e., dissolved inorganic matter, DIM) and heterotrophic sources (i.e., particulate organic matter, POM, and dissolved organic matter, DOM) to the nutrition of the reef coral Galaxea fascicularis on the Luhuitou turbid reef in the northern South China Sea. Our findings revealed that the heterotrophic contribution to coral nutrition increased to 58.5% with decreasing PAR and that the heterotrophic contribution was significantly negatively correlated with δ13C difference between host and symbiont (δ13Ch–s). Moreover, we observed significant seasonal variations in the respective contributions of POM and DOM to coral nutrition, linked to the sources of these nutrients, demonstrating that G. fascicularis can selectively ingest POM and DOM based on their bioavailability to enhance its heterotrophic contribution. This heterotrophic plasticity improved the low‐light resistance of G. fascicularis and contributed to its prominence within coral communities. However, with a low‐light threshold of approximately 3.73% of the surface PAR for G. fascicularis, our results underscore the need for effective strategies to mitigate low‐light conditions on nearshore turbid reefs. In summary, our study highlights the critical role of heterotrophic plasticity in coral responses to natural low‐light environments, suggesting that some reef‐building corals with such plasticity could become dominant or resilient species in the context of coastal darkening.
Water Niche Characteristics of Subalpine Shrub in Eastern Qilian Mountains, China
Authors: Chou Lifang , Jia Wenxiong , Zhang Yue , Lan Xin , Luo Huifang , Yu Zhijie , Wang Zhi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe investigation and research of plant niche provide new ideas for understanding the extent of resource utilization by plants and the coexistence relationship among species. Taking the subalpine shrub plants in the eastern Qilian Mountains as the research object, the contribution rate of each potential water source to the shrub plants was estimated using the Bayesian mixed modelling (MixSIAR), and the spatial and temporal characteristics of their water niche were analysed quantitatively using Levins' niche breadth index and Pianka's niche overlap index. The results showed that shrub plants on the semi‐shady slope exhibited larger water niche breadth and overlap compared to those on the semi‐sunny slope, which indicated that shrub plants on the semi‐shady slope had strong adaptability to the water environment, but the competition for water among them was more intense. Furthermore, the water niche breadth and overlap of shrub plants decreased with the promotion of the growth stage, which was related to changes in precipitation and plant physiological characteristics during their growth cycle. Among the studied species, Potentilla fruticosa Linn., Salix oritrepha Schneid., Salix cupularis Rehd. and Rhododendron thymifolium Maxim. had broader water niche breadth in different habitats, indicating superior adaptability to the subalpine environment. Despite that the water niche overlap among shrub plants was high and their competition for water resources was intense, there was no absolute positive correlation between niche breadth and overlap. The research can provide a theoretical reference for the rational allocation of species during vegetation restoration in Qilian Mountain National Park.
Preparation of fat‐free mulberry ice cream by using inulin and whey protein isolate as a fat substitute
Authors: Sangsuriyawong Anantita , Suwanmongkol Pathompol , Peasura Napassorn , Kornsakkaya Nichapha , Disnil Sasapin , Sinchaipanit Pornrat , Nirmal Nilesh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe standard ice cream consists of high calories and fat which could cause metabolic syndrome upon regular consumption. Therefore, this study developed a fat‐free ice cream using fat replacer including inulin (carbohydrate‐based) and whey protein isolate (WPI, protein‐based) at various concentrations (6%, 8%, and 10%) or their combination (1:1). Additionally, freeze‐dried mulberry fruit powder was used as a functional ingredient. The results indicated that both, inulin and WPI, function differently thereby affecting the physicochemical properties of the ice cream. The combination of inulin:WPI at a 4:4 ratio produced high‐quality standard ice cream with a higher sensory score. Further incorporation of freeze‐dried mulberry powder (2%) in a selected fat‐free ice‐cream base showed enhanced sensory, nutraceutical, and textural properties of the ice cream. All fat‐free and fat‐free mulberry ice cream had a trace amount of fat (0.06%), while the calorie was reduced to 88.9 kcal/serving compared with a full‐fat ice cream (195.7 kcal/serving). Hence, fat‐free mulberry ice cream with 74.5% of nonfat milk, 5.0% of skim milk powder, 8% of inulin:WPI (4:4), 9.5% of sugar, 0.5% of emulsifier, and 2% freeze‐dried mulberry powder could serve as the best alternative to the full‐fat ice cream.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization/Thiocarbonylation for the Synthesis of Thioester‐Substituted Benzofurans with S‐Aryl Thioformates as the Thioester Sources
Authors: Ge Xing , Lin De‐Jiang , Qi Xinxin , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed cyclization and thiocarbonylation reaction is disclosed for the synthesis of thioester‐containing benzofurans. By using S‐aryl thioformates as efficient and convenient thioester surrogates, a variety of thioester‐functionalized benzofurans were formed in moderate to excellent yields with very good functional group tolerance. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and no manipulation of toxic CO gas and odorous thiols.
Evaluation of Singrauli Coals for Sustainable Energy Utilisation: Insight From Geochemical and Petrographic Perspectives
Authors: Gopinathan P. , Mahato Abhishek , Kumar Om Prakash , Kumar Alok , Subramani T. , Karmakar Amit , Hazra Bodhisatwa , Banerjee Pradip K. , Saini Manoj K. , Sethi Manoj K. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe study investigated 50 Permian coals from the Singrauli Coalfields in the Son Valley Basin, India, using advanced petro‐geochemical techniques to assess their source rock properties, energy and utilisation potential and to reconstruct the paleodepositional environment. Petrological analysis indicated vitrinite reflectance values between 0.39% and 0.49%, classifying the Singrauli coals as sub‐bituminous to high volatile bituminous rank and indicating a thermally immature state. The results of geochemical analysis (volatile matter: 36.8%–46.5% and Tmax: 420°C–425°C) further support the above contention. High carbon content (average 77.89%), low sulphur content (average 0.46%) and varying nitrogen and oxygen levels in studied coal enhance its environmental suitability. The hydrogen index (HI: 163–279 mg HC/g TOC) values suggest a predominance of type‐III kerogen with mixed type‐II–III kerogen, further supported by petrographic data. Moreover, geochemical and petrographic data suggested the suitability of Singrauli coals for gasification. The high total organic carbon (TOC ≥ 38 wt%) indicated admirable potential as a source rock for hydrocarbon generation, particularly within the gas‐source rock zone, highlighting their suitability for energy production. Petrographic indices indicated a wet forest swamp origin with a telmatic source and bog region under ombrotrophic to mesotrophic hydrological circumstances. The association of macerals and total sulphur content further supported the conclusion of a freshwater environment during peat deposition.