bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Imidacloprid and Rh0345 Formulations to Control Green June Beetle Grubs on A Golf Course Fairway In Wayne, Pennsylvania, 1994
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time one (1 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 78°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 78°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 78°F; RH, 95%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 37.0% sand, 51.1% silt, 11.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dried soil), 38.1%; organic matter, 14.3%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 5.3; and cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment one the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. At treatment time two (29 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 64°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 68°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 68°F; RH, 84%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, silt-clay-loam loam; soil particle size analysis: 17.0% sand, 52.8% silt, 30.2% clay; soil moisture (oven dried soil), 33.7%; organic matter, 12.8%; water pH, 6–7; soil pH, 6.2; and cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment two the experimental area was irrigated with 0.3 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made on 20 Sep. The total number of new freshly constructed green June beetle burrows were recorded from each replicate (54 ft2).
Evaluation of Merit And Rh0345 Formulations to Control Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway In Gulph Mills, Pennsylvania, 1994
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (30%) and creeping bentgrass (70%). Treatment plots were 9 x 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a COCO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time one (20 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 83°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 82°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 80°F; RH, 83%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil textural class, clay-loam; soil particle size analysis: 21.0% sand, 47.1% silt, 31.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dried soil), 23.7%; organic matter, 4.5%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 5.1; and cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment one the experimental area was irrigated with 0.375 inches of water. At treatment time two (30 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 66°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 63°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 63°F; RH, 72%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil type, silt-clay-loam; soil particle size analysis: 16.7% sand, 46.7% silt, 36.6% clay; soil moisture (oven dried soil), 26.9%; organic matter, 5.4%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 5.4; and clear skies. Immediately after treatment two the experimental area was irrigated with 0.3 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made on 20 Sep. The total number of new freshly constructed green June beetle burrows were recorded from each replicate (54 ft2).
Evaluation of Merit to Control Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Wayne, Penn-Sylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. Granular treatments were applied with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (6 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 77°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 80°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 78°F; RH, 74%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil textural class, silt-loam; soil particle size analysis: 32.1% sand, 53.8% silt, 14.2% clay; soil moisture (oven dried), 31.1%; organic matter, 8.3%; water pH, 6.5; soil pH, 5.2; application time, late-morning; and cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.3 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were made on 6 Sep. The total number of new freshly constructed green June beetle burrows was recorded from each replicate (54 ft2) as well as the total number of green June beetle larvae flushed to the surface following an application of Sevin 80WSP over a 24 hr observation interval.
Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs With Rh0345 and Conventional Formulations on a Golf Fairway in Centre County, Pennsylvania, 1994
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (20%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (40%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1,000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (25 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 81°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 74°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 72°F; RH, 76%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25 inches; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 43.6% sand, 36.4% silt, 20.0% clay; organic matter, 7.6%; soil moisture (oven baked), 31.3; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 6.6; and clear skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.2 inches of water. Three hours prior to treatment the area received 0.3 inches of natural rainfall. Posttreatment counts were completed on 28 Sep. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Efficacy of Several Formulations of Chlorpyrifos Against Annual Bluegrass Weevils, Golf Course Fairway, 1995
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three formulations of chlorpyrifos (Dursban Pro, Dursban Turf, and Empire 20) were tested for efficacy against annual bluegrass weevil larvae on a golf course fairway in Scarhorough, New York. The fairway consisted of 60% creeping bentgrass, 30% annual bluegrass, 10% perennial ryegrass, and was mowed at ca. 0.8 inches. Treatment plots were 7 ft by 7 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in a RCB. All applications were made between 7:15 and 9:00 AM on 17 Apr 95. Liquid formulations were applied by hand with a watering can, 3 liters per plot. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temp. 48°F, light overcast following a light rain overnight, calm; forsythia just past peak blossom; soil temp. (2 inch), 49°F; soil type, silty loam; soil pH 6.5; water pH, 7.2; thatch 0.6 inch thick with moderate density. The trial was irrigated with 0.1 inch water 30 min after application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 5 June (42 DAT) by inspecting 12 cores (2.1 inch diam) from near the center of each plot, and recording the number of small (lst, 2nd, or 3rd instar), medium (4th instar), and large (5th instar) larvae, pupae, and adults. At the time of sampling, the population was: 28% small larvae, 24% medium larvae, 48% large larvae. Each observation consisted of 3 cores, and there were 4 observations per plot.
Control of Bluegrass Billbug Adults on a Kentucky Bluegrass Lawn in Saunders Co., Nebraska, 1995
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Weinhold A. P. , Heng-Moss T. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of bluegrass billbug adults on a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, Nebraska. The turf (95% Kentucky bluegrass, 5% tall fescue) was maintained at a mowing height of 3 inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.50 to 0.75 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.7; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of application were as follows: soil moisture 17%; air temperature 69°F; soil temperature 57°F; relative humidity 59%; wind direction and velocity 45° at 9 mph. Plots were 6 X 17 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 24 May 1995. Granular insecticides were applied with a pre-calibrated 24H12 Gandy spreader. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with an LF-4 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 2 gal finished spray/1000 ft2. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. A total of 3.13 inches of rain fell during the post treatment period. Surviving larva were collected (31 May, 7 DAT and 7 Jun, 14 DAT) by removing three 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches, trimming the soil to 0.5 inches of the thatch, and placing the soil core into Berlese funnels for 48 h. Turf-soil cores on the final evaluation (12 Jul, 48 DAT) were processed by removing the cores as described in the first two evaluations and examining the soil and thatch for larva. Approximately 25% of billbug oviposition had been completed at the time of application.
Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Dursban, Talstar, and Experimental Formulations on Established Fescue Turfgrass in Somerset, Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 X 6 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a hand held sprinkling can with 2 gal of water. At treatment time (25 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 81° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 82.0° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 75.0° F; RH, 61%; amount of thatch, 0.5-1.0 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 28.8% sand, 50.4% silt, 20.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 23.5%; organic matter, 7.9%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, early evening; and overcast skies. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 15 min period on 2 Aug or a 10 min period on 8 Aug. Three flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Control of Silverleaf Whitefly on Poinsettia, 1995
Authors: Lindquist R. K. , Casey M. L. , Moore T. , Taylor R. A. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
One hundred and forty-four Poinsettia cuttings were planted in 6 inch pots and grown in a silverleaf whitefly-infested greenhouse compartment at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio. Plants were fertigated using 250 ppm 15-16-17 on a 3 fertilizer:l leach schedule. On 7 September 1995, when the plants were 11 wk old, treatments of two systemic insecticides were applied at a range of rates, separately and in combination. Applications were weighed out on a Sartorius balance and poured onto the soil surface from plastic spoons. The plants were watered following the application. Twelve treatments were applied to four plants in each of three replicates of a completely randomized design. Each replicate occupied a separate bench in the compartment. Pre-treatment counts were made immediately prior to the treatments; post-treatment counts were made 14 and 45 DAT. Adult whitefly were sampled by counting on 2 upper, 2 middle and 2 lower leaves of each plant. In addition late instars were sampled at 45 DAT by binocular microscope examination of 2.5 cm leaf disks removed from 2 upper, 2 middle and 2 lower leaves from each plant. Temperature and humidity were 25±5 °C and 60±25 %RH during the trial.
Control of Western Flower Thrips on Dwarf Roses, 1995
Authors: Lindquist R. K. , Casey M. L. , Moore T. , Taylor R.A.J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
One hundred and twenty mini-rose cuttings of each cultivar were planted in 6 inch pots and grown in a western flower thrips-infested greenhouse compartment at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio. Plants were fertigated using 150 ppm 15-16-17 on a 3 fertilizeni leach schedule. On 13 February 1995, when the plants were 13 wk old, treatments of two systemic insecticides were applied at a range of rates. Applications were weighed out on a Sartorius balance and poured onto the soil surface from plastic spoons. The plants were watered following the application. Ten treatments were applied to three pairs of plants (a pair comprising both cultivars) in each of four replicates of a completely randomized design. Each replicate occupied a separate bench in the compartment. Post-treatment counts were made 21, 35, and 49 DAT. WFT were sampled by alcohol-washing flowers picked from each of the plants in a treatment group. Number of immature thrips were recorded on a per plant basis. Larval WFT density was expressed as number of thrips per flower to compensate for the variable number of flowers per plant. Temperature and humidity were 25±5 °C and 60±25 %RH during the trial.
Apple, Treatment Combinations for Season-Long Broad-Spectrum Insect Control, 1995
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature trees in Fennville, MI (Blue Block) at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Applications of materials were made on 12 May (Pink), 30 May (Petal Fall), 11 Jun (1C), 22 Jun (2C), 7 Jul (3C), 19 Jul (4C), 31 Jul (5C), 11 Aug (6C), 22 Aug (7C), 1 Sep (8C) and 12 Sep (9C) as indicated in the table. Captan, Dithane, Nova, Manzate, Funginex and Streptomycin were applied separately to all treatments. Mid-season fruit evaluations were made on 3 Jul by randomly picking 25 apples per replicate, or 100 apples per treatment, and evaluating the fruit for damage from various insect pests. Harvest fruit evaluations were made on 25 Sep by randomly picking 100 apples per replicate, or 400 apples per treatment, and evaluating the fruit for damage from various insect pests. Leafhopper evaluations were made on 7 Jun, 20 Jun and 25 Aug by randomly selecting 100 terminals (PLH) or 100 leaves (WALH) per replicate (400 per treatment), and examining them for presence of WALH or PLH nymphs. Leafroller evaluations were made on 7 Jun, 14 Jul, 28 Jul and 25 Aug by randomly selecting 50 or 100 terminals per replicate (200 or 400 terminals per treatment), and examining them for leafroller damage.
Ataenius Efficacy On A Golf Course Fairway In Muskegon County Mi, 1995
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A section of irrigated bent grass fairway at Spring Lake Country Club in Spring Lake, MI, that had a history of Ataenius and Aphodius problems was divided into 36 10ft X 10ft plots. Each treatment was replicated six times. The treatments were applied on 5 Jun for Aphodius control. Six cup-cutter samples were taken from the center of each plot on 19 Jun and no Aphodius grubs were found. The same plots were retreated on 26 Jun to evaluate Ataenius grub control. Treatments 2, 3, and 4 were applied with a modified salt shaker, while treatments 1 and 5 were sprayed with a hand held CO2 pressurized boom sprayer at 50 psi with four 8008 nozzles. 175 gal/acre of finished spray was applied. On 10 Jul, six cup-cutter samples were taken from the center of each plot.
Persistence of Foliar-Applied Insecticides for Elm Leaf Beetle Control, Trial One, 1995
Authors: Sclar D. Casey , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The mortality of elm leaf beetle larvae to foliar-applied insecticides sprayed on different dates was assessed. Four different insecticides were examined for differences in performance. Siberian elm foliage was treated with foliar-applied insecticides on each of 4 different dates. Treatments were applied with a pump-mister sprayer to the point of run-off. All foliage was collected and bagged on 17 July. In the laboratory, 10 larvae were placed in a petri dish and treated foliage was introduced for consumption. Mortality was assessed at 24 and 72 h after exposure by counting the number of dead, live, moribund and pupated larvae present in a petri dish at a given time interval. Only dead larvae were used to calculate percent mortality estimates. The experiment was analyzed as a CRD with 10 replications per treatment.
Control of Hawthorn (Two Circuli) Mealybug and A Woolly Aphid, Fort Collins, Colorado, 1995
Authors: Sclar D. Casey , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established at the W.D. Holley Plant Environmental Research Center located on the campus of Colorado State University. Two trees, approximately 8-20 ft (4 inch dbh) and established at the site for approximately 10 years were utilized in the experiment. Individual branches were sprayed with different compounds to run-off. Each branch was treated as a single experimental unit, with a complete replication being a group of branches with similar orientation on the tree. Plot design was a RCB with 5 replications. Treatments were applied on 5 May by spraying 2 ft terminal branch segments with a pump-mister sprayer to the point of run-off. Although weather was clear at the time of application, soil moisture was high at the site due to prior rainfall and V5 inch of rain fell at the site in the 24 h following application. Treatments were sampled on 7 Jun by counting the number of mealybugs present on 19 inches of terminal branch segment. Aphid ratings were taken on the same date by assessing the damage and curling caused by an infestation of a woolly aphid. An eleven point rating system was used to rate leaf curling damage by the aphids per 19 inches of terminal branch segment. The rating scale was as follows: 0 = No leaves curled, 1 = 1-5 leaves with light curling, 2 = 6-10 leaves with light curling, 3 = 10+ leaves with light curling, 4 = 1-5 leaves with moderate curling, 5 = 1-5 leaves with moderate curling, 6 = 6-10 leaves with moderate curling, 7 = 10+ leaves with moderate curling, 8 = 1-5 leaves with severe curling, 9 = 6-10 leaves with severe curling, 10 = 10+ leaves with severe curling.
Pine Tortoise Scale, Soil Treatment Trial, 1995
Authors: Cooper Dayna , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted on heavily infested lodge-pole pine, ca 3 to 4-inch dbh, located at the Houston Gardens in Greeley, CO. Soil type was a sandy loam. Soil injections were made using a Kioritz soil injector at a rate of 2 injections/inch dbh, introducing 85 ml per injection hole. Soil drench treatments were applied in 3 gal/tree. Plots consisted of single trees, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The site was irrigated weekly throughout the growing season. Evaluations were made 12 May by counting all the scales on 8 terminals (2/cardinal point) on each tree.
Control of Pinon Spindle Gall Midge With Foliar-Applied Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Sclar D. Casey , Cranshaw Whitney S. , Cooper Dayna D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted on established pinon pine, approximately 12 ft in height, located on the campus of Colorado State University in Ft. Collins. Plots consisted of individual branches, each averaging approximately 2 ft in length. Plot design was a RCB with 5 replications. Treatments were applied using a hand-operated pump mister on 3 Jul, covering foliage to the point of run-off. At the time of treatment, adult midge emergence was increasing and near peak. Plots were sampled on 8 Aug by removing 3 terminals per branch and counting the number of swollen and normal new needle pairs. A percent swollen needle bundle estimate was then calculated for each experimental unit.
Fletcher Scale on Taxus, Ottawa Co., Mi, 1995
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The plots were located in a commercial Taxus Field at Zelenka’s Evergreen Nursery in Robinson Twp., Ottawa Co., MI. Each treatment was replicated 6 times with each replicate consisting of six 20 inch-high Taxus shrubs. The field was not irrigated and has sandy soil with a high organic content. Marathon treatments were applied on 8 May by sprinkling with a salt shaker over a 2 ft X 12 ft area. All other treatments were applied on 11 Jul using a single nozzle, hand held R&D CO2 sprayer through an 8003 flat fan nozzle at 50 psi. Sprays were applied at a rate of 100 gal of finished spray per acre. Precounts were made on 28 Jun and postcounts were made on 27 Jul by clipping three 5-inch-long twigs from each bush (one from the top, one from the middle and one from the bottom) to make a total of 18 twigs per replicate. The twigs were taken back to the lab and examined under a dissecting scope for live scale.
Use of A Systemic Insecticide Granule Against Root Mealybugs, Hawaii, 1995
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Hara A. H. , Hu B.K.S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy trials were conducted from 12 Dec 94 through 30 Mar 95 at nurseries in Hilo (study 1) and Mt. View, Hawaii (study 2). Study 1 consisted of 2.5 ft rhapis palms growing in 6 inch pots; study 2 consisted of 3–4 ft rhapis palms growing in 10 inch pots. In both studies, treatments were arranged in a RCB with 4 replicates, 1 plant per replicate. Marathon 1G was applied on 12 Dec 94 (study 1) and 6 Feb 95 (study 2) to the media surface and watered after treatment. Plants were transported to the laboratory on 27 Jan 95 (study 1) and 30 Mar 95 (study 2) to dissect the root ball and recover all mealybugs. The number of live mealybugs recovered from the root ball was analyzed by t test.
Apple, Acaricide Airblast Evaluation, 1995
Authors: Polk D. F. , Hamilton G. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied to plots consisting of 10 trees each in a single row, planted on M.26 rootstock. Plots were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Each replicate was composed of a grafted tree with 4 cultivars: ‘Delicious,’ ‘Empire,’ Stayman, and ‘Golden Delicious’ (4 variety trees), followed by 2 Red Delicious trees (RD), in this pattern ending with a 4 variety tree. Mite data were taken from the 2 center Delicious trees on a weekly interval starting 23 May. Treatments were applied on 24 May with an FMC 50 gal airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 138 gpa. All trees received regular maintenance sprays of fungicides (Captan 50WP, Topsin 85DF and Nova 40WP). Insecticides (Guthion 50WP, and Imidan 70WP) were applied about every 2 wks starting at petal fall. Data were collected from 20 leaf samples taken at weekly intervals starting 23 May (pretreatment). Leaves were brushed and examined for the number of motile ERM, ERM eggs, and predatory mites. The mite predator S. punctum was recorded in a 3-min count around the 2 sampled trees in each replicate. Approximately 100 fruit from each replicate and from each variety (except Empire where there were not enough fruit) were examined at harvest for spotting (spray injury) and russeting.