bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Theoretic Evaluation of Raccoon's Side-Channel Leakage
Authors: Kamel Dinal , Standaert François-Xavier , Bronchain Olivier 
Published: October 2024

Raccoon is a lattice-based scheme submitted to the NIST 2022 call for additional post-quantum signatures. One of its main selling points is that its design is intrinsically easy to mask against side-channel attacks. So far, Raccoon's physical security guarantees were only stated in the abstract probing model. In this paper, we discuss how these probing security results translate into guarantees in more realistic leakage models. We also highlight that this translation differs from what is usually observed (e.g., in symmetric cryptography), due to the algebraic structure of Raccoon's operations. For this purpose, we perform an in-depth information theoretic evaluation of Raccoon's most innovative part, namely the AddRepNoise function which allows generating its arithmetic shares on-the-fly. Our results are twofold. First, we show that the resulting shares do not enforce a statistical security order (i.e., the need for the side-channel adversary to estimate higher-order moments of the leakage distribution), as usually expected when masking. Second, we observe that the first-order leakage on the (large) random coefficients manipulated by Raccoon cannot be efficiently turned into leakage on the (smaller) coefficients of its long-term secret. Concretely, our information theoretic evaluations for relevant leakage functions also suggest that Raccoon's masked implementations can ensure high security with less shares than suggested by a conservative analysis in the probing model.
Tweakable ForkCipher from Ideal Block Cipher
Authors: Mandal Sougata 
Published: October 2024

In ASIACRYPT 2019, Andreeva et al. introduced a new symmetric key primitive called the forkcipher, designed for lightweight applications handling short messages. A forkcipher is a keyed function with a public tweak, featuring fixed-length input and fixed-length (expanding) output. They also proposed a specific forkcipher, ForkSkinny, based on the tweakable block cipher SKINNY, and its security was evaluated through cryptanalysis. Since then, several efficient AEAD and MAC schemes based on forkciphers have been proposed, catering not only to short messages but also to various purposes such as leakage resilience and cloud security. While forkciphers have proven to be efficient solutions for designing AEAD schemes, the area of forkcipher design remains unexplored, particularly the lack of provably secure forkcipher constructions.
In this work, we propose forkcipher design for various tweak lengths, based on a block cipher as the underlying primitive. We provide proofs of security for these constructions, assuming the underlying block cipher behaves as an ideal block cipher. First, we present a forkcipher,

F

~

1

, for an

n

-bit tweak and prove its optimal (

n

-bit) security. Next, we propose another construction,

F

~

2

, for a

2
n

-bit tweak, also proving its optimal (

n

-bit) security. Finally, we introduce a construction,

F

~

r

, for a general

r
n

-bit tweak, achieving

n

-bit security.
Exponent-Inversion P-Signatures and Accountable Identity-Based Encryption from SXDH
Authors: Yuen Tsz , Chow Sherman , Wu Huangting , Zhang Cong , Yiu Siu-Ming 
Published: October 2024

Salient in many cryptosystems, the exponent-inversion technique began without randomization in the random oracle model (SCIS '03, PKC '04), evolved into the Boneh-Boyen short signature scheme (JoC '08) and exerted a wide influence. Seen as a notable case, Gentry's (EuroCrypt '06) identity-based encryption (IBE) applies exponent inversion on a randomized base in its identity-based trapdoors. Making use of the non-static q-strong Diffie-Hellman assumption, Boneh-Boyen signatures are shown to be unforgeable against q-chosen-message attacks, while a variant q-type decisional assumption is used to establish the security of Gentry-IBE. Challenges remain in proving their security under weaker static assumptions.
Supported by the dual form/system framework (Crypto '09, AsiaCrypt '12), we propose dual form exponent-inversion Boneh-Boyen signatures and Gentry-IBE, with security proven under the symmetric external Diffie-Hellman (SXDH) assumption. Starting from our signature scheme, we extend it into P-signatures (TCC '08), resulting in the first anonymous credential scheme from the SXDH assumption, serving as a competitive alternative to the static-assumption construction of Abe et al. (JoC '16). Moreover, from our Gentry-IBE variant, we propose an accountable-authority IBE scheme also from SXDH, surpassing the fully secure Sahai-Seyalioglu scheme (PKC '11) in efficiency and the generic Kiayias-Tang transform (ESORICS '15) in security. Collectively, we present a suite of results under static assumptions.
Efficient Algorithm for Generating Optimal Inequality Candidates for MILP Modeling of Boolean Functions
Authors: Bille Alexander , Tischhauser Elmar 
Published: October 2024

Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) modeling has become an important tool for both the analysis and the design of symmetric cryptographic primitives. The bit-wise modeling of their nonlinear components, especially the S-boxes, is of particular interest since it allows more informative analysis compared to word-oriented models focusing on counting active S-boxes. At the same time, the size of these models, especially in terms of the number of required inequalities, tends to significantly influence and ultimately limit the applicability of this method to real-world ciphers, especially for larger number of rounds.
It is therefore of great cryptographic significance to study optimal linear inequality descriptions for Boolean functions. The pioneering works of Abdelkhalek et al. (FSE 2017), Boura and Coggia (FSE 2020) and Li and Sun (FSE 2023) provided various heuristic techniques for this computationally hard problem, decomposing it into two algorithmic steps, coined Problem 1 and Problem 2, with the latter being identical to the well-known NP-hard set cover problem, for which there are many heuristic and exact algorithms in the literature.
In this paper, we introduce a novel and efficient branch-and-bound algorithm for generating all minimal, non-redundant candidate inequalities that satisfy a given Boolean function, therefore solving Problem 1 in an optimal manner without relying on heuristics. We furthermore prove that our algorithm correctly computes optimal solutions. Using a number of dedicated optimizations, it provides significantly improved runtimes compared to previous approaches and allows the optimal modeling of the difference distribution tables (DDT) and linear approximation tables (LAT) of many practically used S-boxes. The source code for our algorithm is publicly available as a tool for researchers and practitioners in symmetric cryptography.
Memory adds no cost to lattice sieving for computers in 3 or more spatial dimensions
Authors: Jaques Samuel 
Published: October 2024

The security of lattice-based crytography (LWE, NTRU, and FHE) depends on the hardness of the shortest-vector problem (SVP). Sieving algorithms give the lowest asymptotic runtime to solve SVP, but depend on exponential memory. Memory access costs much more in reality than in the RAM model, so we consider a computational model where processors, memory, and meters of wire are in constant proportions to each other. While this adds substantial costs to route data during lattice sieving, we modify existing algorithms to amortize these costs and find that, asymptotically, a classical computer can achieve the previous RAM model cost of

2

0.2925
d
+
o
(
d
)

to sieve a

d

-dimensional lattice for a computer existing in 3 or more spatial dimensions, and can reach

2

0.3113
d
+
o
(
d
)

in 2 spatial dimensions, where “spatial dimensions” are the dimensions of the physical geometry in which the computer exists.
Since this result implies an increased cost in 2 spatial dimensions, we make several assumptions about the constant terms of memory access and lattice attacks so that we can give bit security estimates for Kyber and Dilithium. These estimates support but do not increase the security categories claimed in the Kyber and Dilithium specifications, at least with respect to known attacks.
Color and Attention for U : Modified Multi Attention U-Net for a Better Image Colorization
Authors: Nathanael Oliverio Theophilus , Prasetyo Simeon Yuda 
Published: October 2024

Image colorization is a tedious task that requires creativity and understanding of the image context and semantic information. Many models have been made by harnessing various deep learning architectures to learn the plausible colorization. With the rapid discovery of new architecture and image generation techniques, more powerful options can be explored and improved for image colorization tasks. This research explores a new architecture to colorize an image by using pre-trained embeddings on U-Net combined with several attention modules across the model. Using embeddings from a pre-trained classifier provides a high-level feature extraction from the image. Conversely, multi-attention gives a little taste of image segmentation so that the model can distinguish objects in the image and further enhance the additional information given by the pre-trained embeddings. Adversarial training is also utilized as a normalization to make the generated image more realistic. This research preferred Parch GAN over base GAN as the discriminator model to ensure that the colorization has a consistent quality across all patches. The study shows that this U-Net modification can improve the generated image quality compared to a normal U-Net. The proposed architecture reaches an FID of 48.6253, SSIM of 0.8568, and PSNR of 19.7831 by only training it for 25 epochs; hence, this research offers another view of image colorization by using modules that are often used for image segmentation tasks.
Climate Change Effects on Bird’s population in Afghanistan
Authors: Ariez Mujeeburrahman , Larawai Mohammad Ismail , Salari Hedayatullah 
Published: October 2024

Climate change is one of the most serious environmental problem of the centuries which has affected all ecological processes and life on the earth. Birds play important role in ecologial stability and socio econimic development of socities. Climate change and overexpliotation are two major chalanges against conservation of birds diversity in the world specially in Afghanistan. Given the issues, this online survey based research was undertaken during 2021 to assess the level of knowledge about climate change among people, its possible impacts on bird’s population and conservation strategies to cope with climate change in Afghanistan. Results of the study revealed that 95.1% of the respondents were aware about climate change. Source of information about climate change was also different among respondents as 50.6% had their own experience while 34.6% get information from internet and radio and telvosion was source of information for 6.2% of respondents. 71.6% of respondets know about different impacts of climate change. Climate change negitavely affected bird’s population as 91.4/% of people said that bird’s population had drastically decreased, on the other hand 86.4% of people claim that they miss many birds species during last two decades. Based on these findings it is suggested that habitat restoration is the most accepted conservation policy in Afghanistan context.
Kajian Terhadap Kedaulatan Rakyat Pada Pergantian Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakat Indonesia Yang Bersifat Sementara
Authors: Sikumbang Yudhia Perdana 
Published: October 2024

Jurnal ini mengeksplorasi peran dan penerapan konsep kedaulatan rakyat dalam konteks pergantian anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Indonesia (DPR-RI). Sebagai prinsip dasar dalam sistem demokrasi, kedaulatan rakyat menjadi pijakan utama dalam mewujudkan kehendak rakyat melalui keterwakilan politik. Fokus jurnal ini adalah menganalisis bagaimana kedaulatan rakyat tercermin dalam mekanisme pergantian anggota DPR-RI dari waktu ke waktu. Dengan pendekatan analisis hukum dan politik serta metode penelitian yuridis normatif, jurnal ini menjelaskan kerangka hukum yang mengatur proses pergantian anggota DPR-RI dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi implementasi kedaulatan rakyat. Penelitian ini mencakup kajian mengenai peran lembaga-lembaga terkait seperti partai politik dan Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) dalam membangun integritas dan keterwakilan yang selaras dengan aspirasi masyarakat. Selain itu, jurnal ini juga mengulas bagaimana partai politik berperan dalam proses seleksi dan pergantian anggota DPR-RI serta bagaimana KPU menjalankan fungsi pengawasan dan penyelenggaraan pemilu untuk memastikan pergantian anggota DPR-RI berlangsung secara transparan dan adil. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang sejauh mana kedaulatan rakyat dijaga dan diperbarui dalam proses pergantian anggota DPR-RI. Jurnal ini juga menyoroti berbagai tantangan yang dihadapi dalam menjaga kedaulatan rakyat, termasuk kendala hukum, politik, dan institusional yang dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas pergantian anggota DPR-RI. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan berharga untuk perumusan kebijakan, pengembangan sistem demokrasi, dan penguatan partisipasi politik masyarakat di Indonesia. Dengan memahami lebih dalam tentang dinamika dan tantangan dalam proses pergantian anggota DPR-RI, para pembuat kebijakan dan pemangku kepentingan dapat merancang strategi yang lebih efektif untuk memperkuat kedaulatan rakyat dan meningkatkan kualitas demokrasi di Indonesia.
Le cannibalisme en haute mer au prisme de la fiction : In the Heart of the Sea de Nathaniel Philbrick et autres récits de naufrages
Authors: Rouby Bertrand 
Published: October 2024

Le récit que fait Nathaniel Philbrick des naufragés de l’Essex témoigne de la nécessité de recourir à des stratégies d’atténuation au sujet du cannibalisme de survie. Ces stratégies sont de deux ordres : donner à l’horreur des cadres qui l’inscrivent dans des codes, et mitiger le réel par de la fiction. Ces techniques d’écriture correspondent à l’expérience des baleiniers, qui sont issus d’une société où toute expression de violence est proscrite et s’embarquent dans une aventure où ils devront se confronter à l’abjection. Le moment de la dévoration s’entoure d’une série d’interdits qui replacent l’anthropophagie dans une (forme de) civilisation. La narration faite par les survivants comme par les écrivains use de deux techniques : l’ellipse, qui consiste à passer sous silence l’acte cannibale, et l’éclipse, qui relègue le réel au second plan derrière la fiction par le recours au fantastique et à l’intertextualité.
L’homme sacrifié. Anthropophagie et polyandrie chez Renée Dunan
Authors: Bergeron Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Cet article commence par situer la curiosité des écrivains de l’entre-deux-guerres à l’endroit du cannibalisme, puis propose une analyse de deux récits d’aventures de Renée Dunan : la nouvelle « Uzcoque » et le roman Kaschmir. Jardin du bonheur. Le cannibalisme y est abordé de deux manières – littéralement puis métaphoriquement – à l’intérieur d’intrigues ayant pour principal enjeu de montrer de quoi les femmes sont capables.
Autocensure, délégitimation et dissonance émotionnelle chez des enseignant·e·s de
français 2ELGBTQI+ au Canada
Authors: Hakeem Hasheem 
Published: October 2024

Les enjeux de la diversité sexuelle et de genre sont absents de la recherche sur
l’enseignement du français en milieu scolaire. De plus, aucune étude n’a exploré
l’expérience des enseignant·e·s de français 2ELGBTQI+ qui s’engagent à intégrer l’équité, la
diversité et l’inclusion (ÉDI) dans leur classe. Cet article vise donc à répondre à deux
questions, à savoir (1) quels sont les obstacles ou défis rencontrés par les enseignant·e·s
de français 2ELGBTQI+ qui adoptent une approche antioppressive dans leur classe ? (2)
Quelles sont les conditions propices à l’élaboration d’un curriculum de français équitable
et inclusif porté par les enseignant·e·s 2ELGBTQI+ ? Neuf enseignant·e·s 2ELGBTQI+ oeuvrant
au sein du programme d’immersion, du programme français de base et du programme francophone
au primaire, à l’intermédiaire et au secondaire au Canada ont participé à une entrevue
semi-dirigée de vingt minutes. Les résultats de l’analyse thématique ont montré que les
enseignant·e·s de français 2ELGBTQI+ sont confronté·e·s à de multiples obstacles, notamment
la résistance à l’enseignement des enjeux 2ELGBTQI+, la charge émotionnelle de gérer des
postures conflictuelles (personnelle, « professionnelle » et antioppressive) et le manque de
ressources et de formation en français liées au contenu de l’ÉDI. Des suggestions en vue
d’appuyer les enseignant·e·s de français 2ELGBTQI+ sont enfin proposées.
Flexural Behaviour and Environmental Impact of African Fan Palm Reinforced Concrete Beams under Symmetrical Loading Conditions
Authors: Mansal Edward C. , Kankam Charles K. , Biney Evans , Akortia Vincent , Babamu Alidu 
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of investigation on reinforced beams adopting eco-friendly materials for sustainable concrete. The use of African fan palm is explored to mitigate the environmental impact aimed at reducing carbon emissions associated with the production and use of steel reinforcement. The beams were tested under a four -point loading system with the ends simply supported. The test comprised twenty-three beams that were reinforced with African fan palm bars whilst two beams were reinforced with mild steel bars to serve as control beams. The study investigated the flexural strength and deformation characteristics of the beams under monotonic loading. Two concrete strengths of 15.34N/mm2 or 22.37N/mm2 were adopted and proposed optimal tensile ratios for an under reinforced fan palm section. The parameters considered included the tension bars ratio (ρ), concrete compressive strength, span-to-effective-depth ratio and loading conditions. A linear elastic behaviour of both fan palm and steel reinforced concrete beams was observed to the point of first crack load beyond which the beam stiffness continued to reduce until failure. A comparison of the experimental results with results of theoretical analysis of the beams revealed that a 1.22% increase in the tensile ratio of steel in the control beams increased the cracking moment (Mcr) to 36%, while the fan palm beam of the same size and same concrete strength with a higher tensile ratio of 9.69% exhibited a lower Mcr of 11.86%. This shows a significant effect of reinforcing steel bars on concrete cracking compared to the fan palm. The averages of experimental to theoretical failure loads of fan palm to steel were compared with failure loads of 36.52kN to 20.19kN and 32kN to 19.78kN respectively. These results of the study based on the failure mode, and failure loads, highlights the suitability of using African fan palm as substitute reinforcing material for low rise buildings. Furthermore, the study also proposed minimum and maximum tensile ratio of 0.76% and 5.60% respectively for fan palm reinforced concrete beams based on the Indian Standard and modulus of elasticity of steel.
The relationship between bulk‐mass momentum and short‐period seismic radiation in catastrophic landslides
Authors: Hibert Clément , Ekström Göran , Stark Colin P. 
Published: April 2017

The relationship between bulk‐mass dynamic properties of catastrophic landslides and the generation of short‐period seismic waves is investigated, with a particular focus on the momentum of the landslide mass and the envelope of high‐frequency seismograms. Twelve very large landslides that occurred in different geological settings worldwide between 1999 and 2014 are selected for study, based on the existence of detailed descriptions of their force histories, determined from long‐period seismic waves (frequency lower than 0.1 Hz), as well as the availability of nearby high‐quality short‐period seismic recordings. A high average correlation (0.94) is found between the modulus of the landslide momentum and the envelope of the high‐frequency seismograms, band‐passed filtered between 3 and 10 Hz, recorded on nearby stations. The best correlation is seen during the acceleration phase of each landslide. Comparatively poor average correlation (0.57) is found between the modulus of the landslide force and the seismogram envelopes. A possible scaling between the momentum and the amplitude of short‐period radiation is investigated. The maximum amplitudes of short‐period seismograms for the nine best recorded landslides are corrected for local attenuation and correlated with the maximum momentum of the landslides. The nine data points scatter around a best fitting line that defines a nearly linear relationship between momentum and peak short‐period radiation. It is hypothesized that bulk‐mass momentum linearly modulates landslide processes that generate short‐period seismic waves but that the efficiency of short‐period radiation is highly variable between landslides.
Numerics and subgrid‐scale modeling in large eddy simulations of stratocumulus clouds
Authors: Pressel Kyle G. , Mishra Siddhartha , Schneider Tapio , Kaul Colleen M. , Tan Zhihong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStratocumulus clouds are the most common type of boundary layer cloud; their radiative effects strongly modulate climate. Large eddy simulations (LES) of stratocumulus clouds often struggle to maintain fidelity to observations because of the sharp gradients occurring at the entrainment interfacial layer at the cloud top. The challenge posed to LES by stratocumulus clouds is evident in the wide range of solutions found in the LES intercomparison based on the DYCOMS‐II field campaign, where simulated liquid water paths for identical initial and boundary conditions varied by a factor of nearly 12. Here we revisit the DYCOMS‐II RF01 case and show that the wide range of previous LES results can be realized in a single LES code by varying only the numerical treatment of the equations of motion and the nature of subgrid‐scale (SGS) closures. The simulations that maintain the greatest fidelity to DYCOMS‐II observations are identified. The results show that using weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) numerics for all resolved advective terms and no explicit SGS closure consistently produces the highest‐fidelity simulations. This suggests that the numerical dissipation inherent in WENO schemes functions as a high‐quality, implicit SGS closure for this stratocumulus case. Conversely, using oscillatory centered difference numerical schemes for momentum advection, WENO numerics for scalars, and explicitly modeled SGS fluxes consistently produces the lowest‐fidelity simulations. We attribute this to the production of anomalously large SGS fluxes near the cloud tops through the interaction of numerical error in the momentum field with the scalar SGS model.