bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borinic Acid Polymer: Simplified Synthesis and Enzymatic Biofuel Cell Application
Authors: Lv Xin‐Hu , Li Shun‐Shun , Tian Cong‐Yu , Yang Mao‐Mao , Li Cheng , Zhou Yan , Sun Xiao‐Li , Zhang Jun , Wan Wen‐Ming 
Published: February 2017

A simplified one‐pot and less harmful method has been introduced for the synthesis of borinic acid monomer. The corresponding borinic acid polymer (PBA) has been prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Property investigations confirm the characteristics of PBA as a new type of “smart material” in the field of thermo‐responsive polymer. The potential application of PBA in the field of enzymatic biofuel cell has been illustrated with a wide open circuit potential of 0.92 V.
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Double‐paddle peroneal flap for extensive lip defect reconstruction
Authors: Lin Ying‐Sheng , Liu Wen‐Chung , Lin Yaoh‐Shiang , Chen Lee‐Wei , Hsueh Jung‐Hua , Yang Kuo‐Chung 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionToday, reconstructive surgeons offer an array of options to reconstruct the lip defects. Herein we present our experience of using free double‐paddle peroneal flaps for extensive lip defect reconstruction.Patients and MethodsFrom 1996 to 2014, 16 patients with extensive lip defects after tumor ablation were included. Free double‐paddle peroneal flaps were used for reconstructions. In terms of flap design, one skin paddle superiorly placed on the lateral lower leg was used to reconstruct intraoral defects, whereas the other was inferiorly located and was used to reconstruct extraoral defects. A part of the inner skin paddle was everted, and the suture line with the outer skin paddle became the new vermilion border. A portion of the outer skin paddle could be de‐epithelized and tucked into the fold of the inner skin paddle, leading to greater fullness of the new lip.ResultsSkin paddle sizes were 10–15 cm × 3–13 cm and 4–10.5 cm × 2.5–10.5 cm. Venous thrombosis occurred in one patient but was salvaged, and one flap had superficial necrosis over the outer paddle that was conservatively treated. In the 0.5–33 month follow‐up period, all patients were able to close their mouths without obvious drooling.ConclusionFree double‐paddle peroneal flap transfer could augment lip definition, deepen the labial vestibule, and provide an acute‐angle oral commissure, leading to satisfactory oral competency and improved cosmetic results. Therefore, this technique may be considered a viable option for extensive lip defect reconstruction.
An Approach Toward Replacing Vanadium: A Single Organic Molecule for the Anode and Cathode of an Aqueous Redox‐Flow Battery
Authors: Janoschka Tobias , Friebe Christian , Hager Martin D. , Martin Norbert , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBy combining a viologen unit and a 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) radical in one single combi‐molecule, an artificial bipolar redox‐active material, 1‐(4‐(((1‐oxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl)oxy)carbonyl)benzyl)‐1′‐methyl‐[4,4′‐bipyridine]‐1,1′‐diium‐chloride (VIOTEMP), was created that can serve as both the anode (−0.49 V) and cathode (0.67 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in a water‐based redox‐flow battery. While it mimics the redox states of flow battery metals like vanadium, the novel aqueous electrolyte does not require strongly acidic media and is best operated at pH 4. The electrochemical properties of VIOTEMP were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, rotating disc electrode experiments, and spectroelectrochemical methods. A redox‐flow battery was built and the suitability of the material for both electrodes was demonstrated through a polarity‐inversion experiment. Thus, an organic aqueous electrolyte system being safe in case of cross contamination is presented.
Multi‐use unidirectional lattice‐based proxy re‐signatures in standard model
Authors: Xie Jia , Hu Yu‐pu , Gao Jun‐tao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe first multi‐use unidirectional proxy re‐signature scheme was proposed by Benoît and Damien in 2008, which allowed translating in one direction and can be re‐translated several times. However, constructing multi‐use unidirectional proxy re‐signature scheme where the size of signature and the verification cost did not increase linearly with the number of translations was left as the open problem. This paper presents an efficient multi‐use unidirectional proxy re‐signature scheme and a multi‐use identity‐based unidirectional proxy re‐signature. They are proven secure in the standard model under the small integer solution assumption. And they solve the open problem left in 2008. Moreover, as proxy re‐signature scheme based on the number theory assumptions is no longer secure in quantum era, they are still secure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Android‐based storage encryption using multi‐core CPUs
Authors: Alomari Mohammad Ahmed , Samsudin Khairulmizam , Ramli Abdul Rahman , Hashim Shaiful J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe huge proliferation of mobile and handheld devices, such as tablets and Smartphone devices, has come with different threats to the sensitive data and personally identifiable information stored inside these devices. The most efficient way to ensure data protection is through encryption; however, it comes with great impact on these small gadgets, which suffer from limited resources. Majority of recent mobile devices are equipped with increasingly powerful multi‐core processors that researchers can leverage in order to enhance data protection while maintaining proper device performance. In this paper, we introduce a parallel implementation for data encryption inside the storage of Android‐based mobile devices. This work implements a multi‐core design of different encryption ciphers, making use of the commodity multi‐core CPUs available currently in new smart gadget devices, in order to enhance the performance inside these resource‐limited devices. Ciphers XTS‐AES, XTS‐Twofish, and XTS‐RC6 are used during the experiments; however, the main focus is given to XTS‐AES because it is developed specifically for storage encryption. Parallel encryption experiments are conducted on a mobile device, and performance comparisons are presented. The parallel XTS‐AES has shown a maximum performance speedup of 1.71, with 86% efficiency, faster than the serial counterpart, with higher encryption throughput in the device up to 8290 and 11 380 KB/s when using XTS‐AES and XTS‐RC6 ciphers, respectively. In addition, we performed comparison between mobile device and desktop machine using similar experimental setup. It shows that the performance of storage encryption in mobile devices still lags by more than 10 folds when compared with desktop environment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Software‐defined networking (SDN): a survey
Authors: Benzekki Kamal , El Fergougui Abdeslam , Elbelrhiti Elalaoui Abdelbaki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWith the advent of cloud computing, many new networking concepts have been introduced to simplify network management and bring innovation through network programmability. The emergence of the software‐defined networking (SDN) paradigm is one of these adopted concepts in the cloud model so as to eliminate the network infrastructure maintenance processes and guarantee easy management. In this fashion, SDN offers real‐time performance and responds to high availability requirements. However, this new emerging paradigm has been facing many technological hurdles; some of them are inherent, while others are inherited from existing adopted technologies. In this paper, our purpose is to shed light on SDN related issues and give insight into the challenges facing the future of this revolutionary network model, from both protocol and architecture perspectives. Additionally, we aim to present different existing solutions and mitigation techniques that address SDN scalability, elasticity, dependability, reliability, high availability, resiliency, security, and performance concerns. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trust aware cooperative routing method for WANETs
Authors: Vamsi P. Raghu , Kant Krishna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWireless Ad‐hoc NETworks are prone to various internal security attacks such as black hole, gray hole, packet modification, etc., because of decentralized and open network operations. Developing soft security systems using trust as the metric has gained significant attention in the security research. These models work in conjunction with routing protocols for mitigating internal security attacks. To this end, this paper presents a behavior‐based trust model for cooperative routing in Wireless Ad‐hoc NETworks. The proposed trust model has been used with ad‐hoc on‐demand distance vector (AODV) protocol (hereinafter Behavior based Trust‐aware Adhoc On‐Demand Distance Vector Routing (BT‐AODV)) to identify and isolate malicious nodes from the routing process. The performance of BT‐AODV is evaluated against recently proposed trust and energy based‐AODV protocol through ns‐2 simulations. The simulation results show that BT‐AODV is robust in detecting malicious nodes, and the network performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio, routing load, end‐to‐end delay, and energy consumption have been significantly improved as compared with trust and energy based‐AODV protocol. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship Between Physicochemical Properties and Moisture Barrier Property of Confectionery Coating Fats
Authors: Cheong Ling‐Zhi , Shen Qi , Chen Fangfang , Wu Juan , Zhang Linshang , Zhang Hong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMoisture migration in food causes deleterious effects on food quality such as loss of crispiness in ice cream cones, drying of chocolate with liquid centers, sugar bloom and cracking of compound/chocolate coating. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between physicochemical properties of confectionery coating fats such as fatty acids and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, solid fat contents, rheological and crystalline properties with their moisture barrier property. Coating fats with high content of trisaturated and desaturated TAG; and high SFC at 25 °C were found to have significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation with its moisture barrier property. These fats were able to crystallize into highly crystalline materials (high SFC) with small crystal size and dense networks. Thus, these fats were able to significantly delay moisture migration. Nevertheless, some of the highly crystalline fats also had high G′ value indicating poor mechanical properties and higher tendency of such fats to crack. In order to have good moisture barrier property, coating fats need to have sufficient solids with small crystal size and dense networks; and also low G′ value. Wafer coated with good moisture barrier fat showed less cracking during storage.
Intracoronary acetylcholine application as a possible probe inducing J waves in patients with early repolarization syndrome
Authors: Maruyama Toru , Fujita Kazumasa , Irie Kei , Moriyama Shouhei , Fukata Mitsuhiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAcetylcholine is widely used for a diagnostic provocation test of coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina. Acetylcholine usually induces coronary vasodilatation mediated by muscarinic receptor activation, but sometimes it evokes vasoconstriction of coronary arteries where the endothelium is damaged. Early repolarization syndrome is characterized by a J wave observed at the end of the QRS complex in a surface electrocardiogram. The J wave is attributed to the transmural voltage gradient at the early repolarization phase across the ventricular wall, which stems mainly from prominent transient outward current in the epicardium, but not in the endocardium. Transient high‐dose application of acetylcholine into the epicardial coronary arteries provides a unique opportunity to augment net outward current, selectively, in the ventricular epicardium and unmask the J wave, irrespective of the cardiac ischemia based on coronary spasm. Acetylcholine augments cardiac membrane potassium conductance by enhancing acetylcholine‐activated potassium current directly and by activating adenosine triphosphate‐sensitive potassium current, in addition to the reduced sodium and calcium currents in the setting of severe ischemia due to vasospasm. However, the role of acetylcholine as an arrhythmogenic probe of the J wave induction in patients with suspected early repolarization syndrome warrants future prospective study.
On solutions of the exterior Dirichlet problem for the minimal surface equation
Authors: Kuwert Ernst 
Published: February 2017

Uniqueness and existence results for boundary value problems for the minimal surface equation on exterior domains obtained by Langévin–Rosenberg and Krust in dimension two are generalized to arbitrary dimensions. A suitable

n

-dimensional version of the maximum principle at infinity is given.

Résumé

On présente des résultats d’unicité et d’existence pour l’équation des surfaces minimales sur un domaine extérieur de

ℝ^n

. On donne une généralisation du principe de maximum à l’infini, valable quel que soit

n

.
Non-collision solutions for a second order singular Hamiltonian system with weak force
Authors: Tanaka Kazunaga 
Published: February 2017

Under a weak force type condition, we consider the existence of time periodic solutions of singular Hamiltonian systems:

\tag{HS}
\left.\begin{array}{l}
\ddot{q} + \mathrm{V}_{q}(q,t) = 0 \\ q(t + \mathrm{T}) = q(t).
\end{array}\right\}

We assume

V (q, t) < 0

for all

q, t

and

V (q, t)

,

V_q(q, t) → 0

as

|q| → ∞

. Moreover we assume

V (q, t)

is of a form:

\mathrm{V}\:(q\:,\:t) = −\frac{1}{\left|q\right|^{\alpha }} + \mathrm{U}\:(q,\:t)

where

0 < α <2

and

U(q, t) \in C^2 ((\mathbf R^N\setminus \{0\}) × \mathbf R, \mathbf R)

is a T-periodic funetion in

t

such that

|q|^α U (q, t)

,

|q|^{α + 1} U_q(q, t)

,

|q|^{α+2} U_{qq}, (q, t)

,

|q|^α U_t, (q, t) → 0

as

|q| → 0

.

For

α ∈ (1, 2]

, we prove the existence of a non-collision solution of (HS). For

α ∈ (0, 1]

, we prove that the generalized solution of (HS), which is introduced in [BR], enters the singularity 0 at most one time in its period. Our argument depends on a minimax argument due to [BR] and an estimate of Morse index of corresponding functional, which will be obtained via re-scaling argument.

Résumé
Sous une hypothèse de type force faible, nous étudions l’existence de solutions périodiques de systèmes hamiltoniens singuliers:

\left.\begin{array}{l}
\ddot{q} + \mathrm{V}_{q}(q,t) = 0 \\ q(t + \mathrm{T}) = q(t).
\end{array}\right\}

Nous supposons que

V (q, t) < 0

pour tout

q, t

et que

V (q, t)

,

V_q(q, t) → 0

si

|q| → ∞

.

De plus nous supposons que

V

est de la forme:

\mathrm{V}\:(q,\:t) = −\frac{1}{\left|q\right|^{\alpha }} + \mathrm{U}\:(q,\:t)

où

0 < α < 2

et

U(q, t) \in C^2((\mathbf R^N\setminus \{0\}) × \mathbf R, \mathbf R)

est une fonction T-périodique telle que

|q|^α U (q, t)

,

|q|^{α+1} U_q(q, t)

,

|q|^{α+2} U_{qq}(q, t)

,

|q|^α U_t(q, t) → 0

as

|q| → 0

.

Pour

α ∈ ]1, 2]

, nous démontrons l’existence d’une solution non collision-nelle de (HS).

Pour

α ∈ ]0, 1]

, nous démontrons que la solution généralisée de (HS), introduite dans [BR], passe par la singularité

0

au plus une fois dans la période. Notre démonstration utilise un argument de minimax dû à [BR] et une estimation de l’indice de Morse de la fonctionnelle correspondante, obtenu par un argument de changement d’échelles.
Variability in ice motion and dynamic discharge from Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: VAN WYCHEN WESLEY , DAVIS JAMIE , COPLAND LUKE , BURGESS DAVID O. , GRAY LAURENCE , SHARP MARTIN , DOWDESWELL JULIAN A. , BENHAM TOBY J. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTFeature tracking of approximately annually separated Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery acquired from 1999 to 2010 and speckle tracking of 24-day separated RADARSAT-2 imagery acquired from 2009 to 2015 reveal that motion of the major tidewater glaciers of Devon Ice Cap is more variable than previously described. The flow of almost half (six of 14) of the outlet glaciers slowed over the observation period, while that of the terminus regions of three of 14 of the glaciers sped up in the most recent years of observation. The North Croker Bay Glacier of southern Devon Ice Cap showed the greatest variability in motion, oscillating between multi-year (three or more) periods of slower and faster flow and exhibited a pattern of velocity variability that is different from that of the rest of the ice cap's outlet glaciers. Comparisons between areas of dynamic variability and glacier bed topography indicate that velocity variability is largely restricted to regions where the glacier bed is grounded below sea level. Derived velocities are combined with measurements of ice thickness at the fronts of tidewater glacier to determine a mean annual (2009; 2011–15) dynamic ice discharge of 0.41 ± 0.11 Gt a−1for Devon Ice Cap. The Belcher Glacier is becoming a larger source of mass loss via ice discharge.
L. L. Loud
Authors: Kroeber A. L. 
Published: February 2017

Llewellyn Lemont Loud, archaeologist and senior preparator in the University of California Museum of Anthropology, died in Oakland, September 6, 1946.Born August 18, 1879, in Woodland, Aroostook County, Maine, of farming-stock parents of Scotch ancestry settled in Penobscot County (the name was originally McLoud), Loud graduated in the classical course of the Caribou High School at the age of twenty-two, being able to leave the parental farm for study only during the winter months.
Professionalism in Archaeology
Authors: Davis Hester A. 
Published: February 2017

The recognition of archaeology as a profession requires a certain amount and kind of commitment on the part of those who would call themselves professional archaeologists. The Society of Professional Archeologists was formed to provide the mechanism for that recognition by both archaeologists and others and to provide the support for professionalism in the practice of archaeology.The lone-wolf scholar, free to set personal and professional responsibilities . . . may be out of date.—Raab et al. (1980:548)
The Vijayan colonization and the archaeology of identity in Sri Lanka
Authors: Coningham Robin , Lewer Nick 
Published: February 2017

In my tours throughout the interior, I found ancient monuments, apparently defying decay, of which no one could tell the date or the founder; and temples and cities in ruins, whose destroyers were equally unknown. SIR JAMES EMERSON TENNANT(1859: xxv).There are competing, yet interlinked, identities in Sri Lanka through which people ‘establish, maintain, and protect a sense of self-meaning, predictability, and purpose’ (Northrup 1989: 55). These have become established over hundreds of years, and communities are attributed labels including Sinhala, Tamil, Vadda, Buddhist and Hindu (Coningham & Lewer 1999: 857). Sri Lanka is now experiencing what Azar (1990) has called a ‘protracted social conflict’, wherein a section of the Tamil communities led by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) are engaged in a struggle to establish a Tamil honieland or Eelam. International links, especially with south India, have had important implications on the formation of identities in Sri Lanka. Here we will focus on a key influence which has deep archaeological and political implications, whose interpretation has informed and distorted the present understanding of the concept and evolution of identities. This theme, the Vijayan colonization of the island, illustrates the formulation of identities, especially as derived from a historical chronicle, the Mahavamsa, which was ‘rediscovered’ by colonial officials in AD 1826 and has played a major role in determining the dynamics of this conflict.
Clarke in Mediterranean archaeology
Authors: Guidi Alessandro 
Published: February 2017

When ANTIQUITY published the historical article by Clarke, I was a 20-year-old student, deeply engaged in field activities and substantially torn away from the ‘theoretical’ debate.My archaeological loss of innocence happened only in the early 1980s, when I discovered (thanks to people like Maurizio Tosi and Anna Maria Bietti Sestieri) the enormous explanatory potential of processual theories.It would be absurd to label the whole of Italian archaeology as ‘atheoretical’; as a matter of fact, a powerful theoretical machine, the Marxist theory, had operated from the late 1960s, thanks to the group of Dialoghi di Archeologia. The problem was in the idealistic roots of our (academic) culture, characterized by a programmatic divorce between humanistic and scientific studies and from a substantial lack of interest for the anthropological theories.
The Middle Yangtze region in China is one place where rice was domesticated: phytolith evidence from the Diaotonghuan Cave, Northern Jiangxi
Authors: Zhijun Zhao 
Published: February 2017

Rice, Oryza sativa L., is one of the most important cereal crops in the world, and its emergence as a domesticated subsistence plant drives much of the interest and research in archaeology in South and East Asia. The homeland of domesticated rice has been proposed as:1 a specific area, such as India (Vavilov 1926; Ramiah & Ghose 1951), South China (Ding 1957), Southeast Asia (Spencer 1963) and the Yangtze valley in China (Yan 1982; 1989)2 a biogeographic region, such as the so-called ‘belt region’ with a great diversity of Oryza species (Chang 1976), or3 an ecological zone, such as coastal swamp habitats (Higham 1995).
‘Indo-European’ designates languages: not pots and not institutions
Authors: Renfrew Colin 
Published: February 2017

Kristian Kristiansen, cogent critic though he may be, commits a category error of a depressingly familiar kind. It is a confusion which has led distinguished scholars such as Dumézil into error, and which, by allowing the conflation of such categories as language, ethnicity, race and institution, worked to the detriment of many groups and nations during the twentieth century, and now, no doubt, also in the twenty-first.Nowhere does he define precisely what he imagines the term ‘Indo-European’ to mean. Following the perspective agreed by most historical linguists I take it to be a linguistic term, pertaining therefore to languages, members of the language family first recognised by Sir William Jones in 1786, and then further analysed and defined by subsequent generations of linguists. Through examination of the phonology, the morphology and the lexicon, all of which are well-defined and well-understood, it can readily be decided and demonstrated whether a specific language belongs to this family or not. So that when Hittite emerged in the early twentieth century from the archives of Hattusa, and later when documents in Tocharian were discovered and deciphered, the place of both those languages within that family could readily be agreed. Such a methodology is clearly not applicable to social institutions: it only works with words.