bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration of a Sparse Bayesian Model With Horseshoe Prior in Estimating High‐Dimensional Precision Matrix
Authors: Mai The Tien 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPrecision matrices are crucial in many fields such as social networks, neuroscience and economics, representing the edge structure of Gaussian graphical models (GGMs), where a zero in an off‐diagonal position of the precision matrix indicates conditional independence between nodes. In high‐dimensional settings where the dimension of the precision matrix exceeds the sample size and the matrix is sparse, methods like graphical Lasso, graphical SCAD and CLIME are popular for estimating GGMs. While frequentist methods are well‐studied, Bayesian approaches for (unstructured) sparse precision matrices are less explored. The graphical horseshoe estimate, applying the global‐local horseshoe prior, shows superior empirical performance, but theoretical work for sparse precision matrix estimations using shrinkage priors is limited. This paper addresses these gaps by providing concentration results for the tempered posterior with the fully specified horseshoe prior in high‐dimensional settings. Moreover, we also provide novel theoretical results for model misspecification, offering a general oracle inequality for the posterior. A concise set of simulations is performed to validate our theoretical findings.
Improved Variance Estimation From Trimmed Samples
Authors: Andrade Daniel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSeveral methods for the robust estimation of the variance of a normal random variable are based on trimming. For example, the popular estimator is based on trimming the pairs of samples with the largest absolute distance. Another example is least trimmed squares regression, where all unusually large residuals are removed before the estimation of the variance. Here, in this work, we propose two new classes of estimators that use an optimal linear combination of the trimmed samples to achieve a lower mean squared error (MSE). The first class guarantees the smallest variance among all unbiased estimators that are based on linear combinations, while the second class of estimators guarantees the smallest MSE at the cost of some small bias. Through simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed estimators can have considerably smaller MSE than other robust estimators both in the presence and absence of outliers.
Das Seiltragwerk der Fassadenbegrünung des Zentrallagers der Elektrizitätswerke Zürich
Authors: Piskas Dimitrios 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDie Fassadenbegrünung des neuen Zentrallagers der Elektrizitätswerke Zürich (ewz) ist eine außenliegende Konstruktion aus Tragseilen und Hohlprofilen, die insgesamt 300 m2 Wuchsfläche für Kletterpflanzen bietet. Das Tragwerk wurde mit einer Anerkennung beim Prix Acier 2023 durch das Stahlbau Zentrum Schweiz (SZS) ausgezeichnet. Der vorliegende Beitrag, der in ähnlicher Form bei der Stahlbautagung der Fachhochschule Fribourg im April 2024 präsentiert wurde, dokumentiert den Entwurfsprozess, die Materialisierung und konstruktive Gestaltung sowie ausgewählte Aspekte aus der Analyse und Bemessung des Tragwerks.
Predictive modeling of compressive strength in silica fume‐modified self‐compacted concrete: A soft computing approach
Authors: Abdulrahman Payam Ismael , Jaf Dilshad Kakasor Ismael , Malla Sirwan Khuthur , Mohammed Ahmed Salih , Kurda Rawaz , Asteris Panagiotis G. , Sihag Parveen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSelf‐compacting concrete (SCC) is a specialized type of concrete that features excellent fresh properties, enabling it to flow uniformly and compact under its weight without vibration. SCC has been one of the most significant advancements in concrete technology over the past two decades. In efforts to reduce the environmental impact of cement production, a major source of CO2 emissions, silica fume (SF) is often used as a partial replacement for cement. SF‐modified SCC has become a common choice in construction. This study explores the effectiveness of soft computing models in predicting the compressive strength (CS) of SCC modified with varying amounts of silica fume. To achieve this, a comprehensive database was compiled from previous experimental studies, containing 240 data points related to CS. The compressive strength values in the database range from 21.1 to 106.6 MPa. The database includes seven independent variables: cement content (359.0–600.0 kg/m3), water‐to‐binder ratio (0.22–0.51), silica fume content (0.0–150.0 kg/m3), fine aggregate content (680.0–1166.0 kg/m3), coarse aggregate content (595.0–1000.0 kg/m3), superplasticizer content (1.5–15.0 kg/m3), and curing time (1–180 days). Four predictive models were developed based on this database: linear regression (LR), multi‐linear regression (MLR), full‐quadratic (FQ), and M5P‐tree models. The data were split, with two‐thirds used for training (160 data points) and one‐third for testing (80 data points). The performance of each model was evaluated using various statistical metrics, including the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), objective value (OBJ), scatter index (SI), and a‐20 index. The results revealed that the M5P‐tree model was the most accurate and reliable in predicting the compressive strength of SF‐based SCC across a wide range of strength values. Additionally, sensitivity analysis indicated that curing time had the most significant impact on the mixture's properties.
I'm not giving up on you: Exploring the roles of politicized trust and critical agency in the Scratch coding trajectory of two Black boys
Authors: Worsley Ti'Era , Tan Edna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article looks at how a Black informal STEM educator supported two Black boys' learning opportunities in coding, specifically investigating how the establishment of politicized trust between the informal STEM educator and youth supported their development of critical agency. Using the dual lenses of socio‐spatial relationality and politicized trust, we explore how the socio‐spatial relationality of place, materials, and educator–youth interactions allowed for the shifting of power dynamics that were foundational to supporting youth in navigating a coding process that centered who they were and their interests, in the moment. We employ participatory design research aimed at reducing power dynamics by remediating who has power within a setting, grounded in dismantling and disrupting traditional power hierarchies through actively involving the community in the design process. We present two case studies that map the learning trajectories of Donovan and Jabria, two middle‐school aged Black boys. Their learning trajectories include the following phases: tensions related to coding with Scratch, pivotal interaction with the educator, and development of critical agency. We unpack how the socially produced space supported Donovan, Jabria, and Worsley to critically read the world of coding, rewrite coding through political action, and establish politicized trust. Throughout this process, we see through Donovan and Jabria's interactions they were constantly editing and producing their interactions with coding which led to newly created learning opportunities by developing their critical agency in coding. Four main points were identified: continuous access to materials, sustained engagement to reimagine possibilities, understanding that all disengagement is not equal, and being explicit in communicating expectations followed by concrete action. Across these points, the salience of relational politicized trust between educator and youth was a cross cutting thread.
Method development for the simultaneous determination of 2378‐substituted PCDD/Fs and non‐2378‐substituted TCDD in ash sample
Authors: Hang Mai Thi Hong , Xuyen Nguyen Thi , Hung Nguyen Xuan , Thuy Le Minh , Anh Nguyen Phuc , Minh Tu Binh , Nam Vu Duc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA method was developed and validated in this study for the simultaneous determination of toxic 2378‐substituted PCDD/Fs and non‐2378‐substituted TCDD in ash samples, utilizing high‐resolution gas chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode at a resolution of higher than 10 000—full width at haft maximum (FWHM) (10% valley) was used for qualification and quantification of target analytes. The ash sample was pre‐treated with 1 M HCl solution and extracted with toluene using an accelerated solvent extraction technique (ASE). The extract was cleaned up on a multilayer silica gel column and an activated carbon column. The validated analytical procedure was confirmed by analysis of the ash sample in the interlaboratory proficiency test program (PT program). This method established the detection limit of PCDD/PCDF ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 ng/kg, recovery from 67% to 81%, and the relative standard deviation of replicate experiments was less than 10%. The analytical method that met the requirements for detection limit, accuracy and repeatability was applied to determine PCDD/PCDF content in some ash samples collected from copper recycling craft villages in northern Vietnam.
Steroid‐responsive granulomatous mural folliculitis associated with ovine herpesvirus‐2 in a Pygmy goat
Authors: Striuli Giulia , Vandenabeele Sophie , van Mol Wouter , Vercauteren Griet , De Lignie Bern 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis case reports a Pygmy goat diagnosed with granulomatous mural folliculitis associated with ovine herpesvirus‐2 infection. Three biopsy samples were collected at different time points throughout the evolution of the disease, which were submitted to histopathology and polymerase chain reaction analyses. Despite the suspected viral aetiology, the goat showed significant clinical improvement with a tapering regimen of immunosuppressive corticosteroids, achieving clinical remission. A progressive reduction in the follicular granulomatous infiltrate and in apoptosis of follicular keratinocytes was observed, while the viral presence persisted. The disease remained controlled with a follow‐up period of 2 years, although a flare occurred after discontinuation of the treatment. The findings suggest that the granulomatous reaction affecting the follicles may be immune‐mediated rather than directly induced by the cytopathic effects of the virus.
Small Scale, Big Impact: Experiences from a Miniature ViL Testbed and Digital Twin Development
Authors: Modrakowski Elias , Rahenbrock Niklas , Möhlmann Eike , Schlender Henning 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe concept of Digital Twin (DT) has gained enormous momentum over the past years in many fields with a variety of purposes. We investigated the usage of DTs for the development and testing of automated driving functions. In this context, we wanted to train an agent to challenge the automated driving function of a vehicle via reinforcement learning (RL). For this, we build both, a miniature Vehicle in a loop (ViL) testbed and its digital shadow. The idea is to use the digital shadow as the training environment for the agent resulting in reduced cost and time for training. We decided specifically to build a miniature version of a testbed to accelerate development, reduce resource consumption and increase adaptability.This paper contributed to the engineering of DTs by reporting our approach regarding the development of a digital shadow of a miniature ViL testbed and the lessons learned. First, we motivate the decision for a miniature testbed. Secondly, we describe the high-level architecture and the technical implementation including both the digital shadow and its physical counterpart. Third, we describe the application of the DT for RL and the experiments enabled by our setup. We conclude with the lessons learned. The main takeaway is that DTs are an excellent means to develop, disseminate and present new methods for the validation of automated vehicles. Here the benefits outweigh the effort of DT construction.
Physical Modeling and Basic Methods
Authors: Huang Minchao , Wu Jianjun , Li Jian , Cheng Yuqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA solar thermal propulsion (STP) system is composed of a concentrator, a thruster and a propellant supply system. To improve the heat exchange efficiency of the system, an integrated structure of regeneratively cooled concentrator and thrust chamber is proposed in this chapter, and the numerical methods required for the simulations are also provided.
Integrated Design of Solar Thermal Propulsion and Task Optimization
Authors: Huang Minchao , Wu Jianjun , Li Jian , Cheng Yuqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn previous chapters, the secondary concentrator, absorption cavity, heat exchanger core, and nozzle of the solar thermal propulsion (STP) system are integratedly designed, and regenerative cooling and laminated heat exchange technologies are used to effectively combine these components. This chapter analyzes the overall efficiency of the STP system and uses quantum genetic algorithms to perform a multiobjective optimization for space missions.
Coorbit Theory of Warped Time-Frequency Systems in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$
Authors: Holighaus Nicki , Voigtlaender Felix 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Warped time-frequency systems have recently been introduced as a class of structured continuous frames for functions on the real line. Herein, we generalize this framework to the setting of functions of arbitrary dimensionality. After showing that the basic properties of warped time-frequency representations carry over to higher dimensions, we determine conditions on the warping function which guarantee that the associated Gramian is well-localized, so that associated families of coorbit spaces can be constructed. We then show that discrete Banach frame decompositions for these coorbit spaces can be obtained by sampling the continuous warped time-frequency systems. In particular, this implies that sparsity of a given function f in the discrete warped time-frequency dictionary is equivalent to membership of f in the coorbit space. We put special emphasis on the case of radial warping functions, for which the relevant assumptions simplify considerably.
Influence of a suboptimal environment and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of fused filament fabricated copper
Authors: Downard Scott , Clark Ethan , O’Brien Cheosung , Mohammadlou Bita Soltan , Kontsos Antonios , Celli Dino , Smith Lucas , Al Amiri Essa , Weems Andrew , Wisner Brian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract Metal injection molding (MIM) processes are generally more cost-effective for the generation of metallic AM components. However, the thermal processing required to remove the polymer and sinter the metal powder is not well understood in terms of resulting mechanical response and damage evolution, especially in ambient atmospheres where contamination is present. This study aims to provide a range of achievable mechanical properties of copper produced using a MIM-based method called fused filament fabrication (FFF) that is post-processed in a nonideal environment. These results showed direct correlations between sintering temperature to multiple aspects of material behavior. In addition, Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) methods are leveraged to understand the variation in damage evolution that results from the processing, and it is shown that the higher sintering temperatures provided more desirable tensile properties for strength-based applications. Moreover, these results demonstrate a potential to tailor mechanical properties of FFF manufactured copper for a specific application.
Protective effects of Silibinin and cinnamic acid against paraquat-induced lung toxicity in rats: impact on oxidative stress, PI3K/AKT pathway, and miR-193a signaling
Authors: Fouad Basma M. , Abdel-Ghany A. A. , Kandeil Mohamed A. , Ibrahim Ibrahim T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLevels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the primary determinants of pulmonary fibrosis. It was discovered that antioxidants can ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis caused by prolonged paraquat (PQ) exposure. However, research on the precise mechanisms by which antioxidants influence the signaling pathways implicated in pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat is still insufficient. This research utilized a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ to examine the impacts of Silibinin (Sil) and cinnamic acid (CA) on pulmonary fibrosis, with a specific focus on pro-fibrotic signaling pathways and ROS-related autophagy. Lung injury induced by paraquat was demonstrated to be associated with oxidative stress and inflammation of the lungs, downregulated (miR-193a), and upregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling lung tissues. Expression levels of miR-193a were determined with quantitative real-time PCR, protein level of protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) which were determined by western blot analysis. Hydroxyproline levels (HYP) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by ELISA, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and catalase and were measured in lung tissue homogenates colorimetrically using spectrophotometer. Long-term exposure to paraquat resulted in decreased PI3K/AKT signaling, decreased cell autophagy, increased oxidative stress, and increased pulmonary fibrosis formation. Silibinin and cinnamic acid also decreased oxidative stress by increasing autophagy and miR-193a expression, which in turn decreased pulmonary fibrosis. These effects were associated by low TGF-β1. Silibinin and cinnamic acid inhibited PQ-induced PI3K/AKT by stimulating miR-193-a expression, thus attenuating PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Dual-energy CT angiography in detecting underlying causes of intracerebral hemorrhage: an observational cohort study
Authors: Peeters Michaël T. J. , Postma Alida A. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Henneman Wouter J.P. , Staals Julie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
CT angiography (CTA) is often used to detect underlying causes of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Dual-energy CT (DECT) is able to distinguish materials with similar attenuation but different compositions, such as hemorrhage and contrast. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of DECT angiography (DECTA), compared to conventional CTA in detecting underlying ICH causes.

Methods
All non-traumatic ICH patients who underwent DECTA (both arterial as well as delayed venous phase) at our center between January 2014 and February 2020 were analyzed. Conventional CTA acquisitions were reconstructed (‘merged’) from DECTA data. Structural ICH causes were assessed on both reconstructed conventional CTA and DECTA. The final diagnosis was based on all available diagnostic and clinical findings during one-year follow up.

Results
Of 206 included ICH patients, 30 (14.6%) had an underlying cause as final diagnosis. Conventional CTA showed a cause in 24 patients (11.7%), DECTA in 32 (15.5%). Both false positive and false negative findings occurred more frequently on conventional CTA. DECTA detected neoplastic ICH in all seven patients with a definite neoplastic ICH diagnosis, whereas conventional CTA only detected four of these cases. Both developmental venous anomalies (DVA) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) were more frequently seen on DECTA. Arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms were detected equally on both imaging modalities.

Conclusions
Performing DECTA at clinical presentation of ICH may be of additional diagnostic value in the early detection of underlying causes, especially neoplasms, CVST and DVAs.
Relationships between abiotic factors, foliage chemistry and herbivory in a tropical montane ecosystem
Authors: de la Fuente Alejandro , Youngentob Kara N. , Marsh Karen J. , Krockenberger Andrew K. , Williams Stephen E. , Cernusak Lucas A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerbivore–plant interactions are fundamental processes shaping ecosystems, yet their study is challenged by their complex connections within broader ecosystem processes, requiring a nuanced understanding of ecosystem dynamics. This study investigated the relationship between nutrient availability and insect herbivory in the Australian Wet Tropics. Our objectives were threefold. Firstly, to understand what factors influence nutrient availability for plants and herbivores across the landscape; secondly, to investigate how trees of different species respond to nutrient availability; and thirdly, to unravel how the relationships between resources and plant chemistry affect herbivory. We established a network of 25 study sites covering important abiotic gradients, including temperature, precipitation, and geology. Employing a hierarchical modelling approach, we assessed the influence of climate and geology on resource availability for plants, primarily in the form of soil nutrients. Then, we explored the influence of the above factors on the interaction between herbivory and foliage chemistry across three widespread rainforest tree species, comparing how these relationships emerged across genera. Our findings suggest an overarching influence of climate and geology over soil chemistry, foliar nitrogen, and insect herbivory, both directly and indirectly. However, individual constituents of soil fertility showed equivocal influences on spatial patterns of foliage chemistry once site geological origin was accounted for, suggesting a questionable relationship between individual soil nutrients and foliar composition. We have demonstrated that herbivore–plant interactions are complex dynamics regulated by an intricate web of relationships spanning different biogeochemical processes. While our results provide some support to the notion that herbivory is affected by resource availability, different species growing under the same conditions can show differing responses to the same resources, highlighting the importance of identifying specific limiting factors rather than simpler proxies of resource availability.
Incidence of and risk factors for lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Hincapié Cesar A. , Kroismayr Daniela , Hofstetter Léonie , Kurmann Astrid , Cancelliere Carol , Raja Rampersaud Y. , Boyle Eleanor , Tomlinson George A. , Jadad Alejandro R. , Hartvigsen Jan , Côté Pierre , Cassidy J. David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with radiculopathy is associated with greater pain, disability, healthcare use, and costs compared with nonspecific low back pain. Reliable information about its incidence and risk factors were lacking.

Questions
(1) What is the incidence of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with radiculopathy in adults? (2) What are the risk factors for LDH with radiculopathy in adults?

Methods
Systematic review. We searched five electronic databases from 1970 to September 2023. Eligible cohort and case–control studies were identified and independently assessed for risk of bias. A qualitative best evidence synthesis of low and moderate risk of bias studies was conducted.

Results
We critically reviewed 87 studies and synthesised data from 59 (68%) studies; 12 were of low and 47 of moderate risk of bias. The lower and upper bound limits of the 95% CIs of annual incidence estimates ranged from 0.3 to 2.7 per 1000 persons for surgical case definitions, from 0.04 to 1.5 per 1,000 persons for hospital-based case definitions, and from 0.1 to 298.3 per 1,000 persons for clinical case definitions. Factors associated with the development of LDH with radiculopathy included middle-age (30–50 years), smoking, higher BMI, presence of cardiovascular risk factors (in women), and greater cumulative occupational lumbar load by forward bending postures and manual materials handling, with effect sizes ranging from ranging from 1.1 (1.0–1.3) to 3.7 (2.3–6.0).

Conclusions
Incidence of LDH varies in different populations and according to case definition. Risk factors include individual, behavioural, and work-related variables. Our findings support the need to develop standardised case definitions that validly classify the clinical spectrum of LDH and for future low risk of bias studies examining causal relationships for LDH with radiculopathy in adults.