bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual and contextual factors associated with tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among Chilean adolescents: A multilevel study
Authors: Gaete Jorge , Araya Ricardo 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe studied the association between individual and contextual variables and the use of tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis in the last 30 days preceding the study, considering the hierarchical nature of students nested in schools. We used the 7th Chilean National School Survey of Substance Use (2007) covering 45,273 students (aged 12–21 years old) along with information from 1465 schools provided by the Chilean Ministry of Education. Multilevel univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed. We found a significant intra‐class correlation within schools for all substances in the study. Common (e.g., availability of pocket money, more time spent with friends, poor parental monitoring, poor school bonding, bullying others, and lower risk perception of substance use) and unique predictors (e.g., school achievement on national tests) were identified. These findings may help in planning and conducting preventive interventions to reduce substance use.
Radiology Implanted Forearm Ports: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Burbridge Brent , Chan Ian Y. M. , Bryce Rhonda , Lee Chel-Hee , Lim Hyun J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background: Insertion of totally implanted venous access devices; that is, port systems, in the forearm is an option for long-term venous access. To better understand the radiology literature reported for this anatomic location, we performed a search for, and an analysis of, previous publications related to forearm implantation of these devices by interventional radiology department personnel.
Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was performed for articles describing radiology implantation of forearm ports. Articles published between 1990 and 2015 were reviewed.
Results: Eleven articles were found that met the review criteria. None were randomized studies and only 1 was a prospective study. All of the other studies were retrospective reviews of a variety of different port devices. An analysis of these articles was performed.
Conclusions: Forearm port implantation had high technical success rates (range, 98%–100%; mean, 99.7%). A wide variety of complications were encountered, none of which exceeded the Society of Interventional Radiology threshold levels for complications associated with port insertion. A subset of the studies were upper arm venipunctures with the port catheter and housing subsequently implanted in the forearm distal to the antecubital fossa.
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Induced Right Atrium Thrombosis and Superior Vena Cava Dissection
Authors: Shah Priyank , Vasudev Rahul , Pullatt Raja , Shamoon Fayez 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A 42-year-old woman with past medical history of intravenous drug abuse was admitted to hospital with fever and heart murmur. A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was inserted because the patient had poor venous access. Transesophageal echocardiography was done to rule out infective endocarditis. The test showed thrombus attached to the PICC line. Thrombus arising from a catheter is known complication of PICCs. Classifications of right heart thromboembolism (RHTE) are based on morphology. Type A thrombi are highly mobile and may prolapse through the tricuspid valve. Conversely, type B thrombi are attached to the right atrial or ventricular wall and may originate in association with foreign bodies or in structurally abnormal chambers. RHTEs are associated with pulmonary embolism in approximately 4%–6% of cases and increase the 3-month mortality rate from 16% to 29%. On echocardiography, partial dissection of the superior vena cava (SVC) was also noted. This is a very rare complication of PICC. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of PICC-induced thrombosis with partial dissection of SVC. The PICC line was removed and echocardiography postremoval did not show any thrombus. The patient remained asymptomatic without any signs of hemodynamically significant pulmonary embolism. SVC dissection was also managed conservatively. Use of central venous catheters in clinical practice is increasing but it is not a benign procedure. It may be associated with serious complications.
Paradoxical Electrocardiographic Rhythm During Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Insertion from Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava
Authors: Mifflin Nicholas , Sou Vanno , Alexandrou Evan , Stewart Antony , Catt Jules 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Introduction: A persistent left superior vena cava is one of the most common thoracic vascular anomalies, present in approximately 0.5% of the general population. The most common presentation is both a right and left superior vena cava, communicating through an innominate vein. In rare cases, complete absence of a right sided superior vena cava may have dispersion of pacemaker and conduction tissue leading to abnormal electrocardiography readings.
Case Description: This case report describes the insertion of a peripherally inserted central catheter via the right basilic vein utilising ultrasound and electrocardiographic guidance during which atypical P-waves were noted. Post procedure chest x-ray found the catheter to be positioned to the left side of the chest.
Discussion and Evaluation: Initial management was to assess whether the catheter was placed in the arterial system. Catheter transduction and blood gas analysis demonstrated the peripherally inserted central catheter was situated in the venous system. Computer tomography was then used to assess the patient's vasculature, demonstrating a persistent left vena cava with absence of a right vena cava.
Conclusion: This case describes the successful placement of a right basilic peripherally inserted central catheter in a patient with a persistent left vena cava with an absent right superior vena cave using ultrasound and electrocardiographic guidance.
In Situ Activation of Penile Progenitor Cells with Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy
Authors: Lin Guiting , Reed-Maldonado Amanda B. , Wang Bohan , Lee Yung-chin , Zhou Jun , Lu Zhihua , Wang Guifang , Banie Lia , Lue Tom F. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
We previously reported that progenitor cells, or stem cells, exist within penile tissue. We hypothesized that acoustic wave stimulation by low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) would activate local stem or progenitor cells within the penis, producing regenerative effects.

Aims
To study the feasibility of in situ penile progenitor cell activation by Li-ESWT.

Methods
We performed a cohort analysis of young and middle-age male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) pulse followed by Li-ESWT. In addition, Li-ESWT was applied to cultured Schwann cells and endothelial cells to study the molecular mechanism involved in cell proliferation. Thirty minutes before Li-ESWT, each rat received an intraperitoneal injection of EdU. Li-ESWT was applied to the penis at very low (0.02 mJ/mm2 at 3 Hz for 300 pulses) or low (0.057 mJ/mm2 at 3 Hz for 500 pulses) energy levels. The endothelial and Schwann cells were treated with very low energy (0.02 mJ/mm2 at 3 Hz for 300 pulses) in vitro.

Outcomes
At 48 hours or 1 week after Li-ESWT, penile tissues were harvested for histologic study to assess EdU+ and Ki-67+ cells, and cell proliferation, Ki-67 expression, Erk1/2 phosphorylation, translocation, and angiogenesis were examined in cultured Schwann and endothelial cells after Li-ESWT.

Results
Li-ESWT significantly increased EdU+ cells within penile erectile tissues (P &lt; .01) at 48 hours and 1 week. There were more cells activated in young animals than in middle-age animals, and the effect depended on dosage. Most activated cells were localized within subtunical spaces. In vitro studies indicated that Li-ESWT stimulated cell proliferation through increased phosphorylation of Erk1/2.

Clinical Translation
The present results provide a possible explanation for the clinical benefits seen with Li-ESWT.

Strengths and Limitations
The main limitation of the present project was the short period of study and the animal model used. Li-ESWT could be less effective in improving erectile function in old animals because of the decreased number and quality of penile stem or progenitor cells associated with aging.

Conclusion
Li-ESWT activation of local penile progenitor cells might be one of the mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of shockwave treatment for erectile dysfunction, which represents a non-invasive alternative to exogenous stem cell therapy.
Surgical management of urinary stones with abnormal kidney anatomy
Authors: Ergin Giray , Kirac Mustafa , Unsal Ali , Kopru Burak , Yordam Mustafa , Biri Hasan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn spite of the fact that urologic surgical techniques used by urologists are becoming more and more minimally invasive and easier because of developing technologies, surgical approaches for the urinary stones in kidneys with abnormal anatomy are still confusing. The objective of this article is to determine the treatment options in these kidneys. For this purpose, between 2005 and 2015, we retrospectively evaluated patients operated for urolithiasis with various congenital renal anomalies in five referral urology clinics in our country. Of the 178 patients (110 male, 60 female), 96 had horseshoe kidneys, 42 had pelvic ectopic kidneys (PEKs), and 40 had isolated rotation anomalies (IRAs) of the kidney. We evaluated the patients for stone‐free rate (SFR), mean operation time, mean hospitalization time, and complication rate. In horseshoe kidney, SFRs for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) groups were 72.2% and 90%, respectively. In PEKs, these rates were 83.6% and 100% for RIRS and laparoscopic pyelolithotomy, respectively. SFRs in kidneys with IRA were 75% for RIRS and 83.3% for PNL. The mean operation time for RIRS and PNL groups in horseshoe kidney was 40.5 ± 11.2 minutes and 74.5 ± 19.3 minutes, respectively. In PEKs, these times were 52.1 ± 19.3 minutes and 53.1 ± 24.3 minutes for RIRS and laparoscopic pyelolithotomy, respectively. Mean operation time in kidneys with IRA was 48.7 ± 14.4 minutes for RIRS and 53.2 ± 11.3 minutes for PNL. Mean hospitalization times for RIRS and PNL groups in horseshoe kidneys were 1.4 ± 0.7 days and 2.2 ± 1.4 days, respectively. In PEKs, these times were 2.7 ± 1.8 days and 1.9 ± 0.4 days for RIRS and laparoscopic pyelolithotomy, respectively. Mean operation time in kidneys with IRA was 1.5 ± 0.9 days for RIRS and 1.8 ± 0.6 days for PNL. The results of our study showed that RIRS could be used in all of types of abnormal kidneys with small‐ and medium‐sized renal calculi safely and satisfactorily.
Comparison results for elliptic and parabolic equations via Schwarz symmetrization
Authors: Lions P.-L. , Alvino A. , Trombetti G. 
Published: March 2017

We study various extensions to general linear or nonlinear, elliptic or parabolic operators of a celebrated result due to G. Talenti. We give several comparison results for solutions of such problems involving the solutions of conveniently symmetrized problems, using Schwarz spherical symmetrization.

Résumé
Nous étudions diverses extensions à des opérateurs elliptiques ou paraboliques généraux, linéaires ou non linéaires, d’un résultat célèbre dû à G. Talenti. Nous donnons aussi divers résultats de majoration des solutions de tels problèmes par les solutions de problèmes convenablement symétrisés, à l’aide de la symétrisation de Schwarz.
On minimal laminations of the torus
Authors: Bangert V. 
Published: March 2017

We investigate functions

u: \mathbf R^n → \mathbf R

which minimize a variational integral

\int \mathrm{F}(x,\:u(x),u_{x}(x))dx

where

\mathrm F: \mathbf R^n × \mathbf R × \mathbf R^n → \mathbf R

is periodic in

(x, u) \in \mathbf R^{n + 1}

and uniformly convex in

u_x \in \mathbf R^n

. We restrict attention to non-selfintersecting minimizers

u

, i.e. we require that the hypersurface graph

(u) ⫅ \mathbf R^{n + 1}

does not have selfintersections when projected into

\mathbf{R}^{n\: + \:1}/ \mathbf{Z}^{n\: + \:1}

. For such

u

there exists a “rotation vector”

α = α(u) \in \mathbf{R}^{n}

such that

u(x) - α·x

is bounded. Our main result determines the structure of the set of non-selfintersecting minimizers with fixed commensurable rotation vector

α

. The are classified by secondary invariants. The projected graphs of the with certain types of secondary invariants form foliations or laminations (i.e. foliations with gaps) of

\mathbf{R}^{n\: + \:1}/ \mathbf{Z}^{n\: + \:1}

.

Résumé

On étudie des fonctions

u: \mathbf R^n → \mathbf R

qui minimisent une intégrale variationelle

\int \mathrm{F}(x,\:u(x),\:u_{x}(x))dx

où

\mathrm{F}:\mathbf{R}^{n} \times \mathbf{R} \times \mathbf{R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbf{R}

est périodique en

(x,\:u) \in \mathbf{R}^{n + 1}

et uniformément convexe en

u_{x} \in \mathbf{R}^{n}

. On s’intéresse aux

u

pour lesquelles la projection du graphe de

u

dans

\mathrm{T}^{n + 1} = \mathbf{R}^{n + 1}/ \mathbf{Z}^{n + 1}

est l’image d’une immersion injective. Cette condition implique que

u(x)−α \cdot x

soit bornée pour un

α = α(u) \in \mathbf{R}^{n}

. Cet

α

est appelé vecteur de rotation de

u

. Le résultat principal détermine la structure de l’ensemble formé des minimales à vecteur de rotation α commensurable. Les sont classifiées par des invariants secondaires. Après projection dans

T^{n + 1}

les graphes des à invariants secondaires d’un certain type forment soit un feuilletage de

T^{n + 1}

soit une «lamination» ( = feuilletage à creux) de

T^{n + 1}

.
On a regularizing effect of Schrödinger type groups
Authors: Balabane Mikhaël 
Published: March 2017

We give estimates for the regularity in the space variables of solutions of Schrödinger type evolution equation with Cauchy Data in

\mathrm L^1(\mathbf R^n)

. We study the behaviour of these estimates with respect to the time variable, near the origin and at infinity. This is done under the assumption of non degeneracy of the curvature of the wave surfaces. A local decay result is also given. These results are first steps in the study of nonlinear Schrödinger type evolution equations.

Résumé

Nous estimons la régularité dans les variables spatiales des solutions d’équations de type de Schrödinger non stationnaire pour des données initiales dans

\mathrm L^1(\mathbf R^n)

. Nous analysons le comportement de ces solutions pour les valeurs de la variable temporelle au voisinage de l’origine et de l’infini. L’hypothèse de base concerne le non-dégénérescence de la courbure des surfaces d’ondes. Puis nous déduisons un résultat de décroissance locale des solutions. Ceci fournit la première étape d’une analyse des opérateurs non linéaires du type de Schrödinger.
Olive oil bioactive compounds increase body weight, and improve gut health and integrity in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Gisbert Enric , Andree Karl B. , Quintela José C. , Calduch-Giner Josep A. , Ipharraguerre Ignacio R. , Pérez-Sánchez Jaume 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn olive oil bioactive extract (OBE) rich in bioactive compounds like polyphenols, triterpenic acids, long-chain fatty alcohols, unsaturated hydrocarbons, tocopherols and sterols was tested (0, 0·08, 0·17, 0·42 and 0·73 % OBE) in diets fed to sea bream (Sparus aurata) (initial weight: 5·4 (sd1·2) g) during a 90-d trial (four replicates). Fish fed diets containing 0·17 and 0·42 % OBE were 5 % heavier (61·1 (sd1·6) and 60·3 (sd1·1) g, respectively) than those of the control group (57·0 (sd0·7) g), although feed conversion ratio and specific feed intake did not vary. There were no differences in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathioneS-transferase activities in the intestine and liver, although there was a tendency of lower intestinal and hepatic LPO levels in fish fed OBE diets. No differences in villus size were found among treatments, whereas goblet cell density in the control group was on average14·3 % lower than in fish fed OBE diets. The transcriptomic profiling of intestinal markers, covering different biological functions like (i) cell differentiation and proliferation, (ii) intestinal permeability, (iii) enterocyte mass and epithelial damage, (iv) IL and cytokines, (v) pathogen recognition receptors and (vi) mitochondria function, indicated that among the eighty-eight evaluated genes, twenty-nine were differentially expressed (0·17 % OBE diet), suggesting that the additive has the potential of improving the condition and defensive role of the intestine by enhancing the maturation of enterocytes, reducing oxidative stress, improving the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and enhancing the intestinal innate immune function, as gene expression data indicated.
CALCULATING QALYS: LIBERALISM AND THE VALUE OF HEALTH STATES
Authors: MacKay Douglas 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:The value of health states is often understood to depend on their impact on the goodness of people's lives. As such, prominent health states metrics are grounded in particular conceptions of wellbeing – e.g. hedonism or preference satisfaction. In this paper, I consider how liberals committed to the public justification requirement – the requirement that public officials choose laws and policies that are justifiable to their citizens – should evaluate health states. Since the public justification requirement prohibits public officials from appealing to controversial conceptions of the good life, liberals committed to this principle face a significant puzzle.
Divisor function inequalities, entropy, and the chance of being below average
Authors: BRADY ZARATHUSTRA 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe extend a lower bound of Munshi on sums over divisors of a number n which are less than a fixed power of n from the squarefree case to the general case. In the process we prove a lower bound on the entropy of a geometric distribution with finite support, as well as a lower bound on the probability that a random variable is less than its mean given that it satisfies a natural condition related to its third cumulant.
Comparison of different extenders on the recovery and longevity of epididymal sperm from Spix's yellow-toothed cavies (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831)
Authors: da Silva Andréia Maria , Sousa Patrícia Cunha , Campos Lívia Batista , Bezerra José Artur Brilhante , de Araújo Lago Arthur Emannuel , de Oliveira Moacir Franco , Silva Alexandre Rodrigues 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of cavy (Galea spixii) epididymal sperm following addition to TES or TRIS extenders and using a thermal resistance test (TRT), as well as fluorescence analysis as a complementary method to predict the viability of these gametes. Nine testicle–epididymis complexes were used for sperm collection using a flotation method. Epididymis tails were sliced and one was immersed in 3 ml of TRIS buffer, and the other in 3 ml of TES, for 5 min. After sperm recovery, the samples were subjected to a TRT which involved incubation in a water bath at 37°C for 3 h. During incubation, sample parameters were assessed at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 or 180 min intervals. Results indicated that the TRIS diluent was more efficient than TES (P < 0.05) for the maintenance of sperm parameters in Spix's yellow-toothed cavies over the whole TRT, maintaining sperm longevity for an extended time. In conclusion, we indicate the use of TRIS diluent for recovery and maintenance of longevity of epididymal sperm from cavies (G. spixii).
A comparison of the Pāli and Chinese versions of the Kassapa Saṃyutta, a collection of early Buddhist discourses on the Venerable Kāśyapa
Authors: MUN-KEAT CHOONG 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article first briefly examines the textual structure of the Kassapa Saṃyutta of the Pāli Saṃyutta-nikāya in conjunction with two other versions preserved in Chinese translation in a collection entitled 大迦葉相應 Dajiashe Xiangying (Skt. Mahākāśyapa Saṃyukta) in Taishō vol. 2, nos 99 and 100. Then it compares the main teachings contained in the three versions. It reveals similarities and differences in structure and doctrinal content, thus advancing the historical/critical study of early Buddhist doctrine in this area.
Sansanmycin natural product analogues as potent and selective anti-mycobacterials that inhibit lipid I biosynthesis
Authors: Tran Anh T. , Watson Emma E. , Pujari Venugopal , Conroy Trent , Dowman Luke J. , Giltrap Andrew M. , Pang Angel , Wong Weng Ruh , Linington Roger G. , Mahapatra Sebabrata , Saunders Jessica , Charman Susan A. , West Nicholas P. , Bugg Timothy D. H. , Tod Julie , Dowson Christopher G. , Roper David I. , Crick Dean C. , Britton Warwick J. , Payne Richard J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is responsible for enormous global morbidity and mortality, and current treatment regimens rely on the use of drugs that have been in use for more than 40 years. Owing to widespread resistance to these therapies, new drugs are desperately needed to control the TB disease burden. Herein, we describe the rapid synthesis of analogues of the sansanmycin uridylpeptide natural products that represent promising new TB drug leads. The compounds exhibit potent and selective inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of TB, both in vitro and intracellularly. The natural product analogues are nanomolar inhibitors of Mtb phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of lipid I in mycobacteria. This work lays the foundation for the development of uridylpeptide natural product analogues as new TB drug candidates that operate through the inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
PNPLA1 has a crucial role in skin barrier function by directing acylceramide biosynthesis
Authors: Hirabayashi Tetsuya , Anjo Tatsuki , Kaneko Arisa , Senoo Yuuya , Shibata Akitaka , Takama Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Kohei , Nishito Yasumasa , Ono Tomio , Taya Choji , Muramatsu Kazuaki , Fukami Kiyoko , Muñoz-Garcia Agustí , Brash Alan R. , Ikeda Kazutaka , Arita Makoto , Akiyama Masashi , Murakami Makoto 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMutations in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 1 (PNPLA1) cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, but the mechanism involved remains unclear. Here we show that PNPLA1, an enzyme expressed in differentiated keratinocytes, plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of ω-O-acylceramide, a lipid component essential for skin barrier. Global or keratinocyte-specific Pnpla1-deficient neonates die due to epidermal permeability barrier defects with severe transepidermal water loss, decreased intercellular lipid lamellae in the stratum corneum, and aberrant keratinocyte differentiation. In Pnpla1−/− epidermis, unique linoleate-containing lipids including acylceramides, acylglucosylceramides and (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids are almost absent with reciprocal increases in their putative precursors, indicating that PNPLA1 catalyses the ω-O-esterification with linoleic acid to form acylceramides. Moreover, acylceramide supplementation partially rescues the altered differentiation of Pnpla1−/− keratinocytes. Our findings provide valuable insight into the skin barrier formation and ichthyosis development, and may contribute to novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of epidermal barrier defects.