bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Predicted Probabilities of Proportional Hazards Regression and Linear Discriminant Analysis Methods Using a Colorectal Cancer Molecular Biomarker Database
Authors: Meleth Sreelatha , Chatla Chakrapani , Katkoori Venkat R. , Anderson Billie , Hardin James M. , Jhala Nirag C. , Bartolucci Al , Grizzle William E. , Manne Upender 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundAlthough a majority of studies in cancer biomarker discovery claim to use proportional hazards regression (PHREG) to the study the ability of a biomarker to predict survival, few studies use the predicted probabilities obtained from the model to test the quality of the model. In this paper, we compared the quality of predictions by a PHREG model to that of a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in both training and test set settings.MethodsThe PHREG and LDA models were built on a 491 colorectal cancer (CRC) patient dataset comprised of demographic and clinicopathologic variables, and phenotypic expression of p53 and Bcl-2. Two variable selection methods, stepwise discriminant analysis and the backward selection, were used to identify the final models. The endpoint of prediction in these models was five-year post-surgery survival. We also used linear regression model to examine the effect of bin size in the training set on the accuracy of prediction in the test set.ResultsThe two variable selection techniques resulted in different models when stage was included in the list of variables available for selection. However, the proportion of survivors and non-survivors correctly identified was identical in both of these models. When stage was excluded from the variable list, the error rate for the LDA model was 42% as compared to an error rate of 34% for the PHREG model.ConclusionsThis study suggests that a PHREG model can perform as well or better than a traditional classifier such as LDA to classify patients into prognostic classes. Also, this study suggests that in the absence of the tumor stage as a variable, Bcl-2 expression is a strong prognostic molecular marker of CRC.
Comparison of Computational Algorithms for the Classification of Liver Cancer using SELDI Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study
Authors: Shen Changyu , Breen Timothy E , Dobrolecki Lacey E , Schmidt C. Max , Sledge George W. , Miller Kathy D. , Hickey Robert J 
Published: October 2017

IntroductionAs an alternative to DNA microarrays, mass spectrometry based analysis of proteomic patterns has shown great potential in cancer diagnosis. The ultimate application of this technique in clinical settings relies on the advancement of the technology itself and the maturity of the computational tools used to analyze the data. A number of computational algorithms constructed on different principles are available for the classification of disease status based on proteomic patterns. Nevertheless, few studies have addressed the difference in the performance of these approaches. In this report, we describe a comparative case study on the classification accuracy of hepatocellular carcinoma based on the serum proteomic pattern generated from a Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometer.MethodsNine supervised classification algorithms are implemented in R software and compared for the classification accuracy.ResultsWe found that the support vector machine with radial function is preferable as a tool for classification of hepatocellular carcinoma using features in SELDI mass spectra. Among the rest of the methods, random forest and prediction analysis of microarrays have better performance. A permutation-based technique reveals that the support vector machine with a radial function seems intrinsically superior in learning from the training data since it has a lower prediction error than others when there is essentially no differential signal. On the other hand, the performance of the random forest and prediction analysis of microarrays rely on their capability of capturing the signals with substantial differentiation between groups.ConclusionsOur finding is similar to a previous study, where classification methods based on the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry are compared for the prediction accuracy of ovarian cancer. The support vector machine, random forest and prediction analysis of microarrays provide better prediction accuracy for hepatocellular carcinoma using SELDI proteomic data than six other approaches.
The Evaluation of Foot Rockers on the Kinematic Parameters of Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Taghi 
Published: October 2017

Background: A variety of shoe modifications have been used to reduce the forces applied on the plantar surface of the foot in those with diabetes. Toe and heel rockers are 2 of the most common types used. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of these shoe modifications on the kinematics of both normal and diabetic individuals. Method: Two groups of healthy and diabetic individuals were recruited for this study. The Qualysis motion analysis system was used to record the motions of participants while walking with shoes with toe and a combination of toe and heel rockers (combined). The effects of the type of rockers used and the effect of groups were determined using MANOVA. Results: Results of the study demonstrated no discernible difference between the spatiotemporal and range of motion of the ankle, knee, and hip joints while walking with a toe and combined rockers. There was also no difference between healthy and diabetic individuals in relation to these parameters (P value >.05). Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated no difference between the spatiotemporal and range of motion of lower-limb joints in healthy and diabetic individuals when walking with toe and combined rockers. Because the use of these rockers did not influence the kinematics of the joints while walking, it is recommended that they be used for this group of individuals if they influence the forces applied on the foot. Levels of Evidence: Level IV
Dissemination and Implementation Strategies of Lower Extremity Preventive Training Programs in Youth: A Clinical Review
Authors: DiStefano Lindsay J. , Frank Barnett S. , Root Hayley J. , Padua Darin A. 
Published: October 2017

Context: Neuromuscular preventive training programs effectively reduce injury and improve performance in youth athletes. However, program effectiveness is directly linked to program compliance, fidelity, and dosage. Preventive training programs are not widely adopted by youth sport coaches. One way to promote widespread dissemination and compliance is to identify implementation strategies that influence program adoption and maintenance. It is unknown how previously published programs have followed the elements of an implementation framework. The objective of this review was to evaluate how elements of the 7 steps of implementation, developed by Padua et al, have been performed in the evidence of lower extremity preventive training programs. Evidence Acquisition: A systematic review of the literature from 1996 through September 2016 was conducted using electronic databases. Investigations that documented implementation of a sport team-based neuromuscular preventive training program in youth athletes and measured lower extremity injury rates were included. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Information regarding the completion of any of the 7 steps within the implementation framework developed by Padua et al was extracted. None of the 12 articles documented completion of all 7 steps. While each study addressed some of the 7 steps, no study addressed maintenance or an exit strategy for youth athletes. Program implementation appears limited in obtaining administrative support, utilizing an interdisciplinary implementation team, and monitoring or promoting fidelity of the intervention. Conclusion: Despite strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of preventive training programs in youth athletes, there is a gap between short-term improvements and long-term implementation strategies. Future interventions should include all 7 steps of the implementation framework to promote transparent dissemination of preventive training programs.
Propofol sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy arouses euphoria in a large subset of patients
Authors: Brechmann Thorsten , Maier Christoph , Kaisler Miriam , Vollert Jan , Schmiegel Wolff , Pak Svetlana , Scherbaum Norbert , Rist Fred , Riphaus Andrea 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundPropofol is recommended for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy (GE), but preliminary data suggest addictive potentials.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to evaluate the frequency of predominantly euphoric reaction after GE and patients’ subsequent reminiscences.MethodsEighty‐two patients undergoing elective GE under propofol sedation were enrolled in a prospective observational study. The grade of anxiety, expectation or relief about the examination's result and affective state in terms of cheerfulness, relaxation, activation, sedation and anxiety were surveyed using a numeric rating scale (1 to 10) immediately before (t1), after GE (t2) and seven days (t3) later. Statistics: hierarchical cluster analysis, heat map, χ2 test and paired t test.ResultsMean propofol dosage was 264 ± 120 mg. Two clusters of mood changes emerged (t1 vs. t2). One (n = 46, 56.1%) was characterized by an unease reaction pattern with equal values regarding cheerfulness, relaxation and anxiety, while relaxation decreased; the other cluster showed a euphoric reaction pattern (n = 36, 43.9%) with markedly increased cheerfulness, relaxation and decreased anxiety. These effects intensified at recall (t3). Despite similar endoscopy results, euphoric cluster patients rated these more positively.ConclusionPropofol induces euphoria in nearly half of the patients undergoing elective GE with persisting, even enhanced reminiscence (germanctr.de, trial number DRKS00011202).
Trends in Surgical Practices for Lateral Epicondylitis Among Newly Trained Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Wang Dean , Degen Ryan M. , Camp Christopher L. , McGraw Michael H. , Altchek David W. , Dines Joshua S. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Much controversy exists regarding the optimal surgical intervention for lateral epicondylitis because of a multitude of options available and the lack of comparative studies. Knowledge of the current practice trends would help guide the design of comparative studies needed to determine which surgical technique results in the best outcome. Purpose: To review the latest practice trends for the surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis among newly trained surgeons in the United States utilizing the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) database. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The ABOS database was utilized to identify surgical cases for lateral epicondylitis submitted by Part II board certification examination candidates from 2004 through 2013. Inclusion criteria were predetermined using a combination of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Cases were organized by open and arthroscopic treatment groups and by fellowship training and were analyzed to determine differences in surgical techniques, complication rates, and concomitant procedures. Results: In total, 1150 surgeons submitted 2106 surgical cases for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. The number of surgical cases for lateral epicondylitis performed per 10,000 submitted cases significantly decreased from 26.7 in 2004 to 21.1 in 2013 ( P = .002). Among all cases, 92.2% were open and 7.8% were arthroscopic, with no change in the incidence of arthroscopic surgeries over the study period. Shoulder and elbow (18.1%) and sports medicine (11.4%) surgeons were more likely to perform surgery arthroscopically compared with hand surgeons (6.1%) ( P < .001). There was no difference in overall self-reported complication rates between open (4.4%) and arthroscopic (5.5%) procedures ( P = .666). Percutaneous tenotomy, debridement only, and debridement with tendon repair comprised 6.4%, 46.3%, and 47.3% of open treatment, respectively. Sports medicine, hand, and shoulder and elbow surgeons were more likely to repair the tendon after debridement compared with other surgeons, who were more likely to perform debridement alone ( P < .001). Hand surgeons were most likely to perform concomitant procedures, of which the majority were neuroplasties. Conclusion: Although comparative studies are ultimately necessary for determining the optimal surgical technique, researchers should be mindful of the differences in practices according to training and the extent to which concomitant procedures are being performed, as both these factors may confound any future results.
Estimating the number of UK stroke patients eligible for endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: McMeekin Peter , White Philip , James Martin A , Price Christopher I , Flynn Darren , Ford Gary A 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Endovascular thrombectomy is a highly effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke due to large arterial occlusion. Routine provision will require major changes in service configuration and workforce. An important first step is to quantify the population of stroke patients that could benefit. We estimated the annual UK population suitable for endovascular thrombectomy using standard or advanced imaging for patient selection. Patients and methods Evidence from randomised control trials and national registries was combined to estimate UK stroke incidence and define a decision-tree describing the endovascular thrombectomy eligible population. Results Between 9620 and 10,920 UK stroke patients (approximately 10% of stroke admissions) would be eligible for endovascular thrombectomy annually. The majority (9140–9620) would present within 4 h of onset and be suitable for intravenous thrombolysis. Advanced imaging would exclude 500 patients presenting within 4 h, but identify an additional 1310 patients as eligible who present later. Discussion Information from randomised control trials and large registry data provided the evidence criterion for 9 of the 12 decision points. The best available evidence was used for two decision points with sensitivity analyses to determine how key branches of the tree affected estimates. Using the mid-point estimate for eligibility (9.6% of admissions) and assuming national endovascular thrombectomy coverage, 4280 patients would have reduced disability. Conclusion A model combining published trials and register data suggests approximately 10% of all stroke admissions in the UK are eligible for endovascular thrombectomy. The use of advanced imaging based on current published evidence did not have a major impact on overall numbers but could alter eligibility status for 16% of cases.
Essure® present controversies and 5 years’ learned lessons: a retrospective study with short- and long-term follow-up
Authors: Câmara Sara , de Castro Coelho Filipa , Freitas Cláudia , Remesso Lilia 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background
The risk-benefit of contraception with Essure® is being readdressed due to an increase of reports of adverse effects with this device. Our aim was to proceed to an internal quality evaluation and to identify opportunities for protocol improvement.
We proceeded to a one-center, retrospective consecutive case series of women admitted for Essure® placement, from 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2016 (5 years).

Results
In a total of 274 women, technical difficulties were mainly unilateral, with no acute or short-term severe complications. The procedure was brief (median 3.2 min, IQR 2.5–5.2) and moderately painful (median of 4 in a 0–10 scale; IQR 3–5). At 3 months, the failure rate was 2%, with no pregnancies. Second surgery indication (< 1%) resumed to a case of nickel hypersensitivity. At 1 year, pregnancy rate was 1%. Ninety-eight percent of the patients would recommend the method.

Conclusions
We identified high patient satisfaction and low failure rates, both at short and long term. Investigation about whether some women still have patent tubes at the 3-month follow-up could lead to protocol improvement. It is important that clinicians look for second causes for adverse effects related to Essure® and avoid the erroneous indication for implant removal. Long follow-up allowed for both internal quality evaluation and clarification of misconception; it could possibly also have contributed to patient satisfaction.
Spleen-derived IFN-γ induces generation of PD-L1+-suppressive neutrophils during endotoxemia
Authors: Langereis Jeroen D , Pickkers Peter , de Kleijn Stan , Gerretsen Jelle , de Jonge Marien I , Kox Matthijs 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The immune inhibitory checkpoint molecule programmed death ligand (PD-L)-1 is increasingly recognized as an important player in the immune suppression observed in patients with sepsis, but its role has mainly been studied in monocytes. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that experimental human endotoxemia results in mobilization of a subset of PD-L1-expressing neutrophils displaying an IFN-γ-induced transcriptome profile. Herein, we identify the source of IFN-γ production during murine endotoxemia and its role in the generation of PD-L1+-suppressive neutrophils. We demonstrate that, similar to what we found in humans, murine endotoxemia results in the influx of a subset of PD-L1+ neutrophils in the circulation, and incubation of mouse neutrophils with recombinant IFN-γ profoundly increases PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, administration of anti-IFN-γ abrogated the generation of PD-L1+ neutrophils in endotoxemic mice. The critical involvement of the spleen is illustrated by the fact that splenectomy nullified circulating IFN-γ levels and substantially reduced the abundance of PD-L1+ neutrophils, whereas cotreatment with recombinant IFN-γ resulted in complete restoration of generation of PD-L1+ neutrophils in splenectomized mice. Finally, the functional importance of spleen-derived PD-L1+ neutrophils is exemplified by the finding that the profound decrease in T-lymphocyte proliferation observed in cells from endotoxemic mice was attenuated in cells from splenectomized animals. We demonstrated that spleen-derived IFN-γ induces generation of PD-L1+-suppressive neutrophils, implying that the spleen is critically involved in immune suppression during inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. Furthermore, our data suggest that IFN-γ plays a dual role by enhancing innate immunity and at the same time suppressing adaptive immune responses.
The role of MDA5 in the development of autoimmune disease
Authors: Sadler Anthony J 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
IFNs protect us against infection from viral pathogens, but can also induce damaging inflammation and are associated with the development of autoimmune conditions. By dissecting the response that is mediated by different IFN-regulated genes, we hoped to identify targets that will enable us to preserve the defense against pathogens while minimizing immune disease. Toward this, several reports have identified that variability in the gene that encodes the melanoma differentiation-associated protein (MDA)-5 and other molecules in this pathway correlated with the risk of autoimmune diseases. The evidence for MDA5 activity as a cause of autoimmune disease is discussed.
Prevalence and Predictors of Sperm Banking in Adolescents Newly Diagnosed With Cancer: Examination of Adolescent, Parent, and Provider Factors Influencing Fertility Preservation Outcomes
Authors: Klosky James L. , Wang Fang , Russell Kathryn M. , Zhang Hui , Flynn Jessica S. , Huang Lu , Wasilewski-Masker Karen , Landier Wendy , Leonard Marcia , Albritton Karen H. , Gupta Abha A. , Casillas Jacqueline , Colte Paul , Kutteh William H. , Schover Leslie R. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo estimate the prevalence of sperm banking among adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer and to identify factors associated with banking outcomes.Patients and MethodsA prospective, single-group, observational study design was used to test the contribution of sociodemographic, medical, psychological/health belief, communication, and developmental factors to fertility preservation outcomes. At-risk adolescent males (N = 146; age 13.00 to 21.99 years; Tanner stage ≥ 3), their parents, and medical providers from eight leading pediatric oncology centers across the United States and Canada completed self-report questionnaires within 1 week of treatment initiation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for specified banking outcomes (collection attempt v no attempt and successful completion of banking v no banking).ResultsAmong adolescents (mean age, 16.49 years; standard deviation, 2.02 years), 53.4% (78 of 146) made a collection attempt, with 43.8% (64 of 146) successfully banking sperm (82.1% of attempters). The overall attempt model revealed adolescent consultation with a fertility specialist (OR, 29.96; 95% CI, 2.48 to 361.41; P = .007), parent recommendation to bank (OR, 12.30; 95% CI, 2.01 to 75.94; P = .007), and higher Tanner stage (OR, 5.42; 95% CI, 1.75 to 16.78; P = .003) were associated with an increased likelihood of a collection attempt. Adolescent history of masturbation (OR, 5.99; 95% CI, 1.25 to 28.50; P = .025), banking self-efficacy (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.45; P = .012), and parent (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 1.46 to 14.73; P = .010) or medical team (OR, 4.26; 95% CI, 1.45 to 12.43; P = .008) recommendation to bank were associated with increased likelihood of sperm banking completion.ConclusionAlthough findings suggest that banking is underutilized, modifiable adolescent, parent, and provider factors associated with banking outcomes were identified and should be targeted in future intervention efforts.