bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of children's gender and age on children's use of digital media at home
Authors: Kucirkova Natalia , Littleton Karen , Kyparissiadis Antonios 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study is the first to systematically investigate the influence of child gender and age, on parents’ perceptions of UK children's digital media use at home. It provides an in‐depth exploration of how children's age and gender influence the balance between children's use of digital and non‐digital media at home. The data draw on 709 parents’ responses to an open‐ended question asked in the context of a national survey investigating the digital reading habits of children, conducted in 2015. Parents’ responses were analysed using content and thematic analysis, which yielded eight main categories, collapsed into three major themes: control, child's healthy development and diversity of experiences. Quantitative analyses evidenced that more parents of boys were concerned about the health implications of their children's digital media use and this was a concern especially for parents of the youngest (0–2‐year‐old) children. More parents of 6–8‐year olds cited the appeal of technology as the main reason for the perceived imbalance in their children's engagement with digital media. The study provides a more secure understanding of the factors that influence parental perceptions of their children's digital media use at home, which has implications for policy‐makers, digital designers and early years professionals.
Selenium (IV,VI) reduction and tolerance by fungi in an oxic environment
Authors: Rosenfeld C. E. , Kenyon J. A. , James B. R. , Santelli C. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMicrobial processes are known to mediate selenium (Se) oxidation–reduction reactions, strongly influencing Se speciation, bioavailability, and transport throughout the environment. While these processes have commonly been studied in anaerobic bacteria, the role that aerobic fungi play in Se redox reactions could be important for Se‐rich soil systems, dominated by microbial activity. We quantified fungal growth, aerobic Se(IV, VI) reduction, and Se immobilization and volatilization in the presence of six, metal‐tolerant Ascomycete fungi. We found that the removal of dissolved Se was dependent on the fungal species, Se form (i.e., selenite or selenate), and Se concentration. All six species grew and removed dissolved Se(IV) or Se(VI) from solution, with five species reducing both oxyanions to Se(0) biominerals, and all six species removing at least 15%–20% of the supplied Se via volatilization. Growth rates of all fungi, however, decreased with increasing Se(IV,VI) concentrations. All fungi removed 85%–93% of the dissolved Se(IV) within 10 d in the presence of 0.01 mm Se(IV), although only about 20%–30% Se(VI) was removed when grown with 0.01 mm Se(VI). Fungi‐produced biominerals were typically 50‐ to 300‐nm‐diameter amorphous or paracrystalline spherical Se(0) nanoparticles. Our results demonstrate that activity of common soil fungi can influence Se form and distribution, and these organisms may therefore play a role in detoxifying Se‐polluted environments.
Revisiting the Roles of the University in Regional Economic Development: A Triangulation of Data
Authors: Motoyama Yasuyuki , Mayer Heike 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere is a general understanding that university plays a crucial role in regional development under the current age of knowledge economy. At the same time, we have observed a fair number of counter‐evidentiary studies, demonstrating several regions that do not thrive despite strong research universities or other patterns of development in the absence of research universities. However, they are based on case studies of individual universities or regions, and the findings currently cannot be generalized. Another set of studies that have challenged the effect of universities at the nationwide scale and demonstrated its disproportionately small impact of universities, but their scope is limited to spin‐offs, patents, and license activities. In this article, we propose to investigate this subject more systematically by triangulating three methods: 1) national‐scale regression models with Business Dynamics Statistics and National Establishment Time Series data, 2) a regional survey of IT and life science firms in four so‐called “second tier regions,” and 3) a microeconomic firm‐level analysis based on interviews with founders of technology intensive firms. Furthermore, we test the roles of university beyond those explicit, direct measures of spin‐offs and patents by analyzing the firm formation rate and firm growth rate at the regional level, as well as the sources of growth at the company level. All results point in the same direction: The research function of the university has been overstated, and the teaching function of the university has been underappreciated. These findings provide profound implications for the policy of regional development.
Diverse protolith ages for the Mindoro and Romblon Metamorphics (Philippines): Evidence from single zircon U–Pb dating
Authors: Knittel Ulrich , Walia Monika , Suzuki Shigeyuki , Dimalanta Carla B. , Tamayo Rodolfo , Yang Tsanyao F. , Yumul Graciano P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWithin the north‐eastern part of the Palawan Continental Terrane, which forms the south‐western part of the Philippine archipelago, several metamorphic complexes are exposed that are considered to be rifted parts of the Asian margin in South‐East China. The protolith age(s) and correlations of these complexes are contentious. The largest metamorphic complex of the Palawan Continental Terrane comprises the Mindoro Metamorphics. The north‐eastern part of this metamorphic complex has recently been found to be composed of protoliths of Late Carboniferous to Late Permian protolith age. However, meta‐sediments exposed at the westernmost tip and close to the southern boundary of the exposure of the Mindoro Metamorphics contain detrital zircons and with U–Pb ages, determined by LA–ICP–MS, in the range 22–56 Ma. In addition, zircons as young as 112 Ma were found in a sample of the Romblon Metamorphics in Tablas. As the youngest detrital zircons provide an upper age limit for the time of deposition in meta‐sediments, these results suggest that the Mindoro and Romblon Metamorphics comprise protoliths of variable age: Late Carboniferous to Late Permian in NE Mindoro; Eocene or later in NW Mindoro; Miocene at the southern margin of the Mindoro metamorphics; and Cretaceous or later on Tablas. The presence of non‐metamorphic sediments of Late Eocene to Early Oligocene age in Mindoro (Lasala Formation), which are older than the youngest metasediments, suggests that metamorphism of the young meta‐sediments of Mindoro is the result of the collision of the Palawan Continental terrane with the Philippine Mobile Belt in Late Miocene. Similarities of the age spectra of zircons from the Eocene to Miocene metamorphics with the Eocene to Early Miocene Lasala Formation suggest that the protoliths of the young metamorphics may be equivalents of the Lasala Formation or were recycled from the Lasala Formation.
Increased non‐melanoma skin cancer risk in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease on immunomodulatory therapy: a retrospective single‐centre cohort study
Authors: Clowry J. , Sheridan J. , Healy R. , Deady S. , Keegan D. , Byrne K. , Cullen G. , Mulcahy H. , Comber H. , Parnell A.C. , Doherty G. , Lally A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies report an increased risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Concurrently, paediatric IBD incidence is rising, with more patients now exposed to immunomodulators from a younger age.ObjectivesTo investigate NMSC incidence and to examine the risk associated with immunomodulators in the development of NMSC in patients with IBD.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐centre cohort study. Patients with IBD attending a tertiary adult hospital from 1994 to 2013 were included. Skin cancer incidence was compared with population data from the National Cancer Registry of Ireland (NCRI) to calculate standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Logistic regression was utilized for risk factor analysis.ResultsTwo thousand and fifty‐three patients with IBD were studied. The SIR for NMSC in patients with IBD taking immunomodulators overall was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.0–2.7) with age‐specific rates significantly elevated across certain age categories. Exposure to thiopurines (OR: 5.26, 95% CI: 2.15–12.93, P < 0.001) and in particular thiopurines and/or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors (OR: 6.45, 95% CI: 2.69–15.95, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with NMSC. The majority (82%) of those exposed to a TNF‐α inhibitor also had thiopurine exposure.ConclusionsCompliance with skin cancer preventative measures should be highlighted to all patients with IBD. There should be a low threshold for dermatology referral for immunosuppressed patients, particularly those with a history of exposure to dual immunomodulators from a young age.
Quality of life, patient satisfaction, and disease burden in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease with or without laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms
Authors: Gong Eun Jeong , Choi Kee Don , Jung Hye‐Kyung , Youn Young Hoon , Min Byung‐Hoon , Song Kyung Ho , Huh Kyu Chan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have decreased health‐related quality of life (HRQL). The quality of life in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms is also significantly impaired. However, the impact of LPR symptoms on HRQL in GERD patients has not been studied.MethodsA nationwide, random‐sample, and face‐to‐face survey of 300 Korean patients with GERD was conducted from January to March 2013. Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were assessed using the Rome III questionnaire, LPR symptoms using the reflux symptom index, and HRQL using the EuroQol five dimensions (EQ‐5D) questionnaire. A structured questionnaire on patient satisfaction, sickness‐related absences, and health‐related work productivity was also used.ResultsAmong the 300 patients with GERD, 150 had LPR symptoms. The mean EQ‐5D index was lower in patients with GERD and LPR symptoms than in those without LPR (0.88 vs 0.91, P = 0.002). A linear regression model showed that the severity of LPR symptoms was related to decreased HRQL and was independent of age, marital status, body mass index, or household income. The overall satisfaction rate regarding treatment was lower in patients with GERD and LPR (40.0% vs 69.1%, P = 0.040). GERD patients with LPR symptoms reported greater sickness‐related absent hours per week (0.36 vs 0.02 h, P = 0.016) and greater percentages of overall work impairment than those without LPR (31.1% vs 20.8%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsGastroesophageal reflux disease patients with LPR symptoms have a poorer HRQL, a lower satisfaction rate, and a greater disease burden than those without LPR.
Liver damage and senescence increases in patients developing hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rey Silvia , Quintavalle Cristina , Burmeister Katharina , Calabrese Diego , Schlageter Manuel , Quagliata Luca , Cathomas Gieri , Diebold Joachim , Molinolo Alfredo , Heim Markus H , Terracciano Luigi M , Matter Matthias S 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and AimMost patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have an underlying chronic liver inflammation, which causes a continuous damage leading to liver cirrhosis and eventually HCC. However, only a minority of cirrhotic patients develop HCC. To assess a possible differential impact of liver inflammation in patients developing HCC versus patients remaining tumor‐free, we designed a longitudinal study and analysed liver tissue of the same patients (n = 33) at two points in time: once when no HCC was present and once several years later when an HCC was present. As a control group, we followed cirrhotic patients (n = 37) remaining tumor‐free over a similar time frame.MethodsWe analysed cell damage and senescence of hepatocytes by measuring γ‐H2AX positivity, p16INK4 and p21WAF/Cip1 expression, nuclear size, and telomere length.Resultsγ‐H2AX positivity, p16INK4 and p21WAF/Cip1 expression, in the first liver biopsy was similar in patients developing HCC later on and cirrhotic patients remaining tumor free. In contrast, γ‐H2AX positivity, p16INK4 and p21WAF/Cip1 expression, was significantly higher in the second non‐tumoral liver biopsy of HCC patients than in the control patients. Consequently, the individual increase in γ‐H2AX positivity, p16INK4 and p21WAF/Cip1 expression, from the first biopsy to the second biopsy was significantly higher in patients developing HCC than in patients remaining tumor free. In addition, changes in nuclear size and telomere length revealed a more pronounced cell aging in patients developing HCC than in patients remaining tumor free.ConclusionsHepatocytes from patients developing HCC go through more pronounced cell damage and senescence in contrast to cirrhotic patients remaining tumor free.
Raw mechanically separated chicken meat and salmon protein hydrolysate as protein sources in extruded dog food: effect on protein and amino acid digestibility
Authors: Tjernsbekk M. T. , Tauson A.‐H. , Kraugerud O. F. , Ahlstrøm Ø. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryProtein quality was evaluated for mechanically separated chicken meat (MSC) and salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH), and for extruded dog foods where MSC or SPH partially replaced poultry meal (PM). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in the protein ingredients and extruded foods was determined with mink (Neovison vison). The extruded dog foods included a control diet with protein from PM and grain, and two diets where MSC or SPH provided 25% of the dietary CP. Nutrient composition of the protein ingredients varied, dry matter (DM) was 944.0, 358.0 and 597.4 g/kg, CP was 670.7, 421.2 and 868.9 g/kg DM, crude fat was 141.4, 547.8 and 18.5 g/kg DM and ash was 126.4, 32.1 and 107.0 g/kg DM for PM, MSC and SPH respectively. The content of essential AA (g/100 g CP) was more than 10.0 percentage units lower in SPH than in PM and MSC. The ATTD of CP differed (p < 0.001) between protein ingredients and was 80.9%, 88.2% and 91.3% for PM, MSC and SPH respectively. The ATTD of total AA was lowest (p < 0.001) for PM, and similar (p > 0.05) for MSC and SPH. In the extruded diets, the expected higher ATTD of CP and AA from replacement of PM with MSC or SPH was not observed. The ATTD of CP was determined to be 80.3%, 81.3% and 79.0% for the PM, MSC and SPH extruded foods respectively. Furthermore, the ATTD of several AA was numerically highest for the PM diet. Possibly, extrusion affected ATTD of the diets differently due to different properties and previous processing of the three protein ingredients.
Clinical Implications and Hospital Outcome of Immune‐Mediated Myositis in Horses
Authors: Hunyadi L. , Sundman E.A. , Kass P.H. , Williams D.C. , Aleman M. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundImmune‐mediated myositis (IMM) is a cause of rhabdomyolysis, stiffness, and muscle atrophy predominantly affecting Quarter horses. Limited information is available with regard to outcome, prognostic indicators, and associations with concurrent diseases.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo report outcomes and associations between outcome and clinical and laboratory parameters, and presence of concurrent illness.AnimalsSixty‐eight horses; 52 Quarter horses and related breeds and 16 other breeds.MethodsRetrospective cohort study (1991–2014). Medical records of horses with histological diagnosis ofIMMwere reviewed. Data recovery included signalment, laboratory variables, therapy, and outcome. Logistic regression was used to quantify the association between potential prognostic factors and survival to discharge.ResultsQuarter horses were younger (mean < 4 years, range 3 months–21 years) than other breeds (mean < 10 years, range 1–23 years). Pathogens causing concurrent or recent infection includedS. equi equi,S. equi zooepidemicus,C. pseudotuberculosis,Anaplasma phagocytophilum, herpes virus‐1, and influenza. The most common clinical signs consisted of rapidly progressive diffuse symmetrical muscle atrophy (80%), stiff gait (74%), and fever (44%). All horses that received medical therapy immediately upon admission survived to discharge (survival proportion = 87%). Leucocytosis was a common finding (60%). Horses with concurrent fever and other illness had a poor prognosis for hospital discharge.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHorses withIMMcan have a favorable outcome. Horses with concurrent fever and another illness had decreased probability of survival to discharge.
UNBRANCHED3 regulates branching by modulating cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling in maize and rice
Authors: Du Yanfang , Liu Lei , Li Manfei , Fang Shuang , Shen Xiaomeng , Chu Jinfang , Zhang Zuxin 
Published: January 2017

Summary

UNBRANCHED3 (UB3), a member of the SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein‐like (SPL) gene family, regulates kernel row number by negatively modulating the size of the inflorescence meristem in maize. However, the regulatory pathway by which UB3 mediates branching remains unknown.

We introduced the UB3 into rice and maize to reveal its effects in the two crop plants, respectively. Furthermore, we performed transcriptome sequencing and protein‐DNA binding assay to elucidate the regulatory pathway of UB3.

We found that UB3 could bind and regulate the promoters of LONELY GUY1 (LOG1) and Type‐A response regulators (ARRs), which participate in cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling. Overexpression of exogenous UB3 in rice (Oryza sativa) dramatically suppressed tillering and panicle branching as a result of a greater decrease in the amount of active cytokinin. By contrast, moderate expression of UB3 suppressed tillering slightly, but promoted panicle branching by cooperating with SPL genes, resulting in a higher grain number per panicle in rice. In maize (Zea mays) ub3 mutant with an increased kernel row number, UB3 showed a low expression but cytokinin biosynthesis‐related genes were up‐regulated and degradation‐related genes were down‐regulated.

These results suggest that UB3 regulates vegetative and reproductive branching by modulating cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling in maize and rice.
Can functional traits account for phylogenetic signal in community composition?
Authors: Li Daijiang , Ives Anthony R. , Waller Donald M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryPhylogenetic and functional trait‐based analyses inform our understanding of community composition, yet methods for quantifying the overlap in information derived from functional traits and phylogenies remain underdeveloped. Does adding traits to analyses of community composition reduce the phylogenetic signal in the residual variation? If not, then measured functional traits alone may be insufficient to explain community assembly.We propose a general statistical framework to quantify the proportion of phylogenetic pattern in community composition that remains after including measured functional traits. We then illustrate the framework with applications to two empirical data sets.Both data sets showed strong phylogenetic attraction, with related species likely to co‐occur in the same communities. In one data set, including traits eliminated all phylogenetic signals in the residual variation of both abundance and presence/absence patterns. In the second data set, including traits reduced phylogenetic signal in residuals by 25% and 98% for abundance and presence/absence data, respectively.Our framework provides an explicit way to estimate how much phylogenetic community pattern remains in the residual variation after including measured functional traits. Knowing that functional traits account for most of the phylogenetic pattern should provide confidence that important traits for phylogenetic community structure have been identified. Conversely, knowing that there is unexplained residual phylogenetic information should spur the search for additional functional traits or other processes underlying community assembly.
Multifaceted role of cycling DOF factor 3 (CDF3) in the regulation of flowering time and abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Corrales Alba‐Rocio , Carrillo Laura , Lasierra Pilar , Nebauer Sergio G. , Dominguez‐Figueroa Jose , Renau‐Morata Begoña , Pollmann Stephan , Granell Antonio , Molina Rosa‐Victoria , Vicente‐Carbajosa Jesús , Medina Joaquín 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDNA‐binding with one finger (DOF)‐type transcription factors are involved in many fundamental processes in higher plants, from responses to light and phytohormones to flowering time and seed maturation, but their relation with abiotic stress tolerance is largely unknown. Here, we identify the roles of CDF3, an Arabidopsis DOF gene in abiotic stress responses and developmental processes like flowering time. CDF3 is highly induced by drought, extreme temperatures and abscisic acid treatment. The CDF3 T‐DNA insertion mutant cdf3‐1 is much more sensitive to drought and low temperature stress, whereas CDF3 overexpression enhances the tolerance of transgenic plants to drought, cold and osmotic stress and promotes late flowering. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CDF3 regulates a set of genes involved in cellular osmoprotection and oxidative stress, including the stress tolerance transcription factors CBFs, DREB2A and ZAT12, which involve both gigantea‐dependent and independent pathways. Consistently, metabolite profiling disclosed that the total amount of some protective metabolites including γ‐aminobutyric acid, proline, glutamine and sucrose were higher in CDF3‐overexpressing plants. Taken together, these results indicate that CDF3 plays a multifaceted role acting on both flowering time and abiotic stress tolerance, in part by controlling the CBF/DREB2A‐CRT/DRE and ZAT10/12 modules.
Bilateral Half‐Head Comparison of 1% Anthralin Ointment in Children with Alopecia Areata
Authors: Özdemir Mustafa , Balevi Ali 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAlopecia areata (AA) is one of the most difficult skin diseases to manage well. In children, anthralin is commonly used for the treatment of AA. Available research consists of a limited number of uncontrolled trials that assessed the effectiveness of anthralin in promoting hair growth in patients with AA. The objective of this study was to validate the clinical effectiveness of short‐contact anthralin 1% ointment in children with AA.MethodsThirty children with chronic, severe, treatment‐refractory, extensive AA were treated with 1% anthralin ointment. One side of the scalp was treated with anthralin for 12 months and the other side was left untreated. Outcomes were evaluated according to the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score.ResultsThe mean time to first response in terms of new hair growth was 3 months and the mean time to maximal response was 9 months. In the first 12‐month period, 10 patients (33.4%) achieved complete response to treatment and 11 patients (36.6%) had a partial response. Of the 11 patients with partial response at the end of the first year, 6 achieved a complete response before the end of the study. Total SALT scores for the entire scalp decreased from the end of the first year to the end of the 2‐year period. No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionAnthralin 1% is an effective therapy for AA and should be continued at least 9 months. At 9 months of topical anthralin therapy, the patients with at least a 50% reduction in their pretreatment SALT scores should continue the same treatment for at least 1 year. Anthralin is safe in children with chronic, severe, treatment‐refractory, extensive AA.