bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging susceptibility artifacts in the cervical vertebrae and spinal cord related to monocortical screw–polymethylmethacrylate implants in canine cadavers
Authors: Jones Brian G. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Green Eric M. , Habing Amy M. , Hettlich Bianca F. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and compare MRI susceptibility artifacts related to titanium and stainless steel monocortical screws in the cervical vertebrae and spinal cord of canine cadavers.
SAMPLE 12 canine cadavers.
PROCEDURES Cervical vertebrae (C4 and C5) were surgically stabilized with titanium or stainless steel monocortical screws and polymethylmethacrylate. Routine T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and short tau inversion recovery sequences were performed at 3.0 T. Magnetic susceptibility artifacts in 20 regions of interest (ROIs) across 4 contiguous vertebrae (C3 through C6) were scored by use of an established scoring system.
RESULTS Artifact scores for stainless steel screws were significantly greater than scores for titanium screws at 18 of 20 ROIs. Artifact scores for titanium screws were significantly higher for spinal cord ROIs within the implanted vertebrae. Artifact scores for stainless steel screws at C3 were significantly less than at the other 3 cervical vertebrae.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Evaluation of routine MRI sequences obtained at 3.0 T revealed that susceptibility artifacts related to titanium monocortical screws were considered mild and should not hinder the overall clinical assessment of the cervical vertebrae and spinal cord. However, mild focal artifacts may obscure small portions of the spinal cord or intervertebral discs immediately adjacent to titanium screws. Severe artifacts related to stainless steel screws were more likely to result in routine MRI sequences being nondiagnostic; however, artifacts may be mitigated by implant positioning.
Evaluation of a hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprints assay for identification of and discrimination between wild-type and vaccine strains of Brucella melitensis
Authors: Tang Lijuan , Liu Jun , Wang Yuanzhi , Zhang Hui , Chen Chuangfu 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprints (HOOF-Prints) assay for identification of and discrimination between wild-type and vaccine strains of Brucella melitensis.
SAMPLE Brucella melitensis vaccine strain M5 and wild-type strain M43.
PROCEDURES 8 pairs of primers (alterable, octameric nucleotides) were designed on the basis of a biological analysis of 8 flanking sequences in the DNA of B melitensis. The HOOF-Prints technique was used to identify wild-type and vaccine strains of B melitensis. Phylogenetic analysis of short, polymorphic fragments of DNA from B melitensis strains M5 and M43 was performed.
RESULTS Variable-number tandem repeat DNA segments of B melitensis vaccine strain M5 and wild-type strain M43 were successfully amplified by means of PCR assay. All target gene fragments ranged in size from 100 to 300 bp. Separate phylogenetic analysis of each Brucella strain revealed considerable differences between the vaccine and wild-type strains.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this study suggested the HOOF-Prints assay may be useful for discriminating vaccine strains of B melitensis from wild-type strains. This ability could allow discrimination between animals that are seropositive because of vaccination against B melitensis and those that are seropositive because of B melitensis infection and could decrease the likelihood of importing Brucella-infected animals.
Effect of Replacement of Fish Meal by Soybean Meal on Growth of Oreochromis niloticus (Linné, 1758) Juvenile under High Temperature Treatment for Masculinization
Authors: Boussou Charles Koffi , Aliko Gustave Nguessan , Yoboué Nicole Ahou , Konan Félix Koffi , Ouattara Mamadou , Gourène Germain 
Published: March 2017

Two experiments were conducted consecutively in triplicates to evaluate and compare the impact of different feeds on survival rate and growth performances of Oreochromis niloticus larvae during both the heat treatment for thermal masculinization and the subsequent juvenile stage. A commercial feed containing fishmeal with 32.38% crude protein (CFA) and an experimental feed with 25.48% crude protein (EFB) where fish-meal was entirely replaced by soybean meal were tested. In the first experiment, larvae of about 4 days post-hatch were reared for 21 days at a temperature of 36°C and the second has consisted in testing at ambient temperature the performances of these feeds on the previous fry for 70-72 days. Fish were fed four times a day ad libitum.Results showed that there were no significant differences between growth performances (survival rate, final body weight, daily weight gain and specific growth rate) of larvae bred in hot water and nourished with feed containing fishmeal (CFA) or feed containing soybean (EFB) as protein source. However, better results were obtained with control batches bred at ambient temperature and fed with feed CFA or EFB. Post-larval rearing of previously heated fry showed that feed containing fishmeal has similar growth performances as feed containing soybean. Then, soybean meal can replace successfully fish-meal in diet of larvae during heating treatment for masculinization and also for the post-larval rearing of fry. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 30-36
Yield and Grain Protein Content of Aromatic Boro Rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) as Influenced by Integrated Fertilizer and Weed Management
Authors: Roy P. , Sarkar M.A.R. , Paul S.K. 
Published: March 2017

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during December 2014 to May 2015 to study the effect of integrated fertilizer and weed management on the yield and gain protein content of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50). The experiment comprised six sets of fertilizer managements. 1. Negative control having no fertilizers and no manures, 2. Recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers (i.e. Urea, TSP, MoP, Gypsum, ZnSO4 @ 250, 120, 120, 100, 10 kg ha-1, respectively), 3. 50% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cowdung @ 5 t ha-1, 4. 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cowdung @ 5 t ha-1, 5. 50% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1, 6. 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1. Four weed managements 1. Control (no weeding), pre-emergence herbicide, 2. Panida 33 EC + one hand weeding at 35 DAT, 3. Post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC + one hand weeding at 35 DAT and 4. Pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC + post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC. The highest grain yield (6.40 t ha-1), grain protein content (7.79%) and benefit cost ratio (2.20) were obtained from 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 with pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 93.70 ml ha-1 while their corresponding lowest values were found inweedy check without fertilization. Weed infestation reduced 58.28% grain yield in control plots due to crop-weed competition compared to plot receiving pre-emergence herbicide + post-emergence herbicide. It can be concluded that 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 combined with pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 93.70 ml ha-1 may be used to obtain the highest grain yield and grain protein content of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50).Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 51-58
Effects of soil type and light on height growth, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen dynamics on 22 species of tropical dry forest tree seedlings: Comparisons between legumes and nonlegumes
Authors: Smith‐Martin Christina M. , Gei Maria G. , Bergstrom Ellie , Becklund Kristen K. , Becknell Justin M. , Waring Bonnie G. , Werden Leland K. , Powers Jennifer S. 
Published: March 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The seedling stage is particularly vulnerable to resource limitation, with potential consequences for community composition. We investigated how light and soil variation affected early growth, biomass partitioning, morphology, and physiology of 22 tree species common in tropical dry forest, including eight legumes. Our hypothesis was that legume seedlings are better at taking advantage of increased resource availability, which contributes to their successful regeneration in tropical dry forests.METHODS:We grew seedlings in a full‐factorial design under two light levels in two soil types that differed in nutrient concentrations and soil moisture. We measured height biweekly and, at final harvest, biomass partitioning, internode segments, leaf carbon, nitrogen, δ13C, and δ15N.KEY RESULTS:Legumes initially grew taller and maintained that height advantage over time under all experimental conditions. Legumes also had the highest final total biomass and water‐use efficiency in the high‐light and high‐resource soil. For nitrogen‐fixing legumes, the amount of nitrogen derived from fixation was highest in the richer soil. Although seed mass tended to be larger in legumes, seed size alone did not account for all the differences between legumes and nonlegumes. Both belowground and aboveground resources were limiting to early seedling growth and function.CONCLUSIONS:Legumes may have a different regeneration niche, in that they germinate rapidly and grow taller than other species immediately after germination, maximizing their performance when light and belowground resources are readily available, and potentially permitting them to take advantage of high light, nutrient, and water availability at the beginning of the wet season.
Flexibility of resource allocation in a hermaphroditic‐gynomonoecious herb through deployment of female and male resources in perfect flowers
Authors: Mamut Jannathan , Xiong Ying‐Ze , Tan Dun‐Yan , Huang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: March 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:It has been hypothesized that two flower types permit flexible allocation of resources to female and male functions, yet empirical evidence for the sex‐allocation hypothesis remains scarce in gynomonoecious species. To characterize resource allocation to pistillate and perfect flowers and allocation of perfect flowers between gynomonoecious and hermaphroditic individuals, we examined the flexibility and whether female‐biased allocation increases with plant size in the hermaphroditic‐gynomonoecious herb Eremurus anisopterus.METHODS:Frequency of gynomonoecious individuals, flower production, and plant size were investigated in different populations. Floral allocation was compared among the three flower types of E. anisopterus.KEY RESULTS:Frequency of gynomonoecious plants varied from 2–17% in nine populations. Only larger plants produced female flowers at the bottom of racemes. Both female and perfect flower production tended to increase proportionately with plant size in gynomonoecious individuals. Female flowers did not produce less biomass than perfect flowers from hermaphroditic or gynomonoecious plants. However, both female and perfect flowers from gynomonoecious individuals had lighter stamen mass, but larger pistil mass, than perfect flowers from hermaphrodites.CONCLUSIONS:Although the prediction of an increase in female flower number with plant size was not observed in E. anisopterus, the flexibility of sex allocation in gynomonoecious species was confirmed in that gynomonoecious individuals had a female‐biased floral allocation compared to hermaphroditic individuals. Such comparisons of gynomonoecious to hermaphroditic individuals permit us to unveil a sexual adjustment strategy: flexibility of sexual investments within plants.
Phenotypic effects of allotetraploidization of wild Arachis and their implications for peanut domestication
Authors: Leal‐Bertioli Soraya C. M. , Moretzsohn Márcio C. , Santos Silvio P. , Brasileiro Ana C. M. , Guimarães Patrícia M. , Bertioli David J. , Araujo Ana Claudia G. 
Published: March 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Several species of Arachis have been cultivated for their edible seeds, historically and to the present day. The diploid species that have a history of cultivation show relatively small signatures of domestication. In contrast, the tetraploid species A. hypogaea evolved into highly domesticated forms and became a major world crop, the cultivated peanut. It seems likely that allotetraploidization (hybridity and/or tetraploidization) in some way enhanced attractiveness for cultivation. Here we investigate this using six different hybridization and tetraploidization events, from distinct Arachis diploid species, including one event derived from the same wild species that originated peanut.METHODS:Twenty‐six anatomical, morphological, and physiological traits were examined in the induced allotetraploid plants and compared with their wild diploid parents.KEY RESULTS:Nineteen traits were transgressive (showed strong response to hybridization and chromosome duplication): allotetraploids had larger leaves, stomata and epidermal cells than did their diploid parents. In addition, allotetraploids produced more photosynthetic pigments. These traits have the same trend across the different hybrid combinations, suggesting that the changes are more likely due to ploidy rather than hybridity. In contrast, seed dimensions and seed mass did not significantly change in response to hybridization or tetraploidization.CONCLUSIONS:We suggest that the original allotetraploid that gave rise to cultivated peanut may have been attractive because of an increase in plant size, different transpiration characteristics, higher photosynthetic capacity, or other characteristics, but contrary to accepted knowledge, increased seed size was unlikely to have been important in the initial domestication.
Du domicile à la ville : étapes et espaces de l’encadrement parental des pratiques urbaines des enfants
Authors: Rivière Clément 
Published: March 2017

S’appuyant sur une enquête par entretiens menée auprès de parents d’enfants âgés de 8 ans à 14 ans à Paris (France) et Milan (Italie), cet article interroge les modalités de passage des enfants de l’espace privé à l’espace local, puis aux espaces publics les plus fréquentés. L’approche compréhensive de l’encadrement parental des pratiques urbaines des enfants permet de distinguer une gradation fine d’espaces perçus comme protégés de deux risques structurants des peurs parentales, l’accident de la circulation et la rencontre d’un inconnu malveillant. La distinction d’une sphère locale intermédiaire entre public et privé met en lumière le rôle joué par l’interconnaissance locale dans les pratiques d’encadrement, l’espace de résidence tendant à être associé à des formes de régulation collective fondées sur des attentes réciproques. Elle invite à considérer le réseau local d’interconnaissance comme une définition sociologique du quartier vécu.
Le tomason : un concept pour penser autrement les discontinuités et discontiguités de nos vies citadines ?
Authors: Gervais-Lambony Philippe 
Published: March 2017

Cet article propose une conceptualisation de la notion de tomason que l’on doit à Genpei Akassegawa, artiste japonais d’hyperart, qui l’a développée dans les années 1980 pour désigner de petits objets urbains dont la fonction n’est plus connue. L’article vise à montrer que ce concept, issu de la littérature et de l’art et retravaillé, est utile aux études urbaines. En lui convergent en effet des propos sur la ville d’auteurs divers (écrivains, poètes, chercheurs) qui ont parlé des tomasons « sans le savoir » pour traiter de la question des mémoires citadines et de leur rapport à l’espace urbain. Cet exercice de définition du tomason suppose donc d’abord un détour par une réflexion à partir d’un corpus de littérature et de sciences sociales sur la mémoire, l’espace et le temps. Deux auteurs sont d’abord mobilisés, Jean-Jacques Rousseau et Marcel Proust, pour leurs apports sur la réflexion entre mémoire et espace. Dans un deuxième temps une définition conceptuelle du tomason est proposée puis élargie à la question de la mémoire dans les espaces urbains.
Le cosmopolitisme en fête à Montréal. Interculturalisme, ancrages locaux et transformations marchandes
Authors: Poulot Marie-Laure 
Published: March 2017

Cet article analyse les significations de deux fêtes de la diversité à Montréal : la fête nationale de la Saint-Jean-Baptiste sur la rue Saint-Viateur et les Week-ends du monde au parc Jean-Drapeau. Ces fêtes interrogent l’ancrage local des communautés culturelles, leurs liens au territoire ainsi que leurs rapports à la société montréalaise en général. Plus globalement, elles sont le reflet d’un glissement du cosmopolitisme comme projet politique et social à un cosmopolitisme marchand.
La gestion des talents : définitions, modèles, pratiques d’entreprises
Authors: d’Armagnac Sophie , Klarsfeld Alain , Martignon Claude 
Published: March 2017

La gestion des talents est devenue en peu d’années un enjeu important pour les entreprises. Dans la littérature en management des ressources humaines, le concept de talent a également pris une grande place, suscitant des travaux théoriques s’attachant principalement à en préciser la définition ainsi qu’à figurer les changements introduits par cette notion. Cependant nous n’avons encore qu’une compréhension limitée des pratiques en entreprise. Considérant le foisonnement des enjeux affichés par les professionnels en charge des ressources humaines et la variété des dispositifs mis en place, peut-on encore parler de l’émergence d’un modèle ? L’étude menée auprès de professionnels RH dans 16 entreprises françaises de haute technologie indique que la notion de talent n’inaugure pas une ère nouvelle. Présentée comme annonciatrice d’un nouveau modèle laissant davantage de place à des évolutions et à l’autonomie du salarié, la notion de talent est en fait réintégrée à une perspective gestionnaire ‘RH’ adéquationniste classique, sous une forme associant les caractéristiques de la compétence et du potentiel.
Contextualisation de la motivation de service public : le cas de l’Espagne
Authors: Ballart Xavier , Riba Clara 
Published: March 2017

Depuis le lancement de la notion de « motivation de service public (PSM) » et des mesures en la matière, plusieurs études se sont intéressées aux différences culturelles. À l’instar d’autres études antérieures qui ont essayé de compléter les quatre dimensions initiales de la construction originale par une cinquième dimension, nous suivons, dans la présente étude, la même stratégie en prenant en considération trois aspects de la tradition administrative napoléonienne. Notre analyse rend compte d’une nouvelle dimension, imprégnée de valeurs de loyauté politique, qui améliore légèrement la mesure de la PSM dans ce contexte bien précis. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les recherches antérieures indiquent que la « motivation de service public » a des conséquences en termes de comportement individuel et collectif et qu’elle contribue sans doute dès lors à améliorer les organisations. On relie la PSM à la performance, à l’engagement professionnel et à la satisfaction au travail, entre autres attitudes et comportements. Les administrations publiques l’utilisent aussi dans leurs processus de recrutement.
Activation of Myeloid TLR4 Mediates T Lymphocyte Polarization after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Braun Molly , Vaibhav Kumar , Saad Nancy , Fatima Sumbul , Brann Darrell W. , Vender John R. , Wang Lei P. , Hoda Md Nasrul , Baban Babak , Dhandapani Krishnan M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue, producing significant patient mortality and poor long-term outcomes. Increasing evidence suggests an important, yet poorly defined, role for the immune system in the development of secondary neurologic injury over the days and weeks following a TBI. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral macrophage infiltration initiates long-lasting adaptive immune responses after TBI. Using a murine controlled cortical impact model, we used adoptive transfer, transgenic, and bone marrow chimera approaches to show increased infiltration and proinflammatory (classically activated [M1]) polarization of macrophages for up to 3 wk post-TBI. Monocytes purified from the injured brain stimulated the proliferation of naive T lymphocytes, enhanced the polarization of T effector cells (TH1/TH17), and decreased the production of regulatory T cells in an MLR. Similarly, elevated T effector cell polarization within blood and brain tissue was attenuated by myeloid cell depletion after TBI. Functionally, C3H/HeJ (TLR4 mutant) mice reversed M1 macrophage and TH1/TH17 polarization after TBI compared with C3H/OuJ (wild-type) mice. Moreover, brain monocytes isolated from C3H/HeJ mice were less potent stimulators of T lymphocyte proliferation and TH1/TH17 polarization compared with C3H/OuJ monocytes. Taken together, our data implicate TLR4-dependent, M1 macrophage trafficking/polarization into the CNS as a key mechanistic link between acute TBI and long-term, adaptive immune responses.
Utility of supplemental screening with breast ultrasound in asymptomatic women with dense breast tissue who are not at high risk for breast cancer
Authors: Klevos Geetika A , Collado-Mesa Fernando , Net Jose M , Yepes Monica M 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Objective: To assess the results of an initial round of supplemental screening with hand-held bilateral breast ultrasound following a negative screening mammogram in asymptomatic women with dense breast tissue who are not at high risk for breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant, Institutional Research Board approved study was performed at a single academic tertiary breast center. Informed consent was waived. A systematic review of the breast imaging center database was conducted to identify and retrieve data for all asymptomatic women, who were found to have heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breast tissue on screening bilateral mammograms performed from July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2012 and who received a mammographic final assessment American College of Radiology's (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 1 or BI-RADS category 2. Hand-held screening ultrasound was performed initially by a technologist followed by a radiologist. Chi-square and t-test were used and statistical significance was considered at P< 0.05. Results: A total of 1210 women were identified. Of these, 394 underwent the offered supplemental screening ultrasound. BI-RADS category 1 or 2 was assigned to 323 women (81.9%). BI-RADS category 3 was assigned to 50 women (12.9%). A total of 26 biopsies/aspirations were recommended and performed in 26 women (6.6%). The most common finding for which biopsy was recommended was a solid mass (88.5%) with an average size of 0.9 cm (0.5–1.7 cm). Most frequent pathology result was fibroadenoma (60.8%). No carcinoma was found. Conclusion: Our data support the reported occurrence of a relatively high number of false positives at supplemental screening with breast ultrasound following a negative screening mammogram in asymptomatic women with dense breast tissue, who are not at a high risk of developing breast cancer, and suggests that caution is necessary in establishing wide implementation of this type of supplemental screening for all women with dense breast tissue without considering other risk factors for breast cancer.