bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT AND COMPARISON OF RECYCLING AND STAGNANT FRESHWATER ON PERFORMANCES (GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATES; FISH QUALITY) AND PROFITABILITY OF THE ORNAMENTAL FISH Barbus schwanefeldi (KAPIAT) REARED AT 4 DIFFERENT DENSITIES
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto , Priyadi Agus , Slembrouck Jack , Pouyaud Laurent , Subamia I Wayan 
Published: October 2016

<p>Comparing two different rearing systems in fish production through stagnant and recirculation water systems showed that recirculation system has several benefits such as reducing manpower, and minimize or eliminate in using antibiotics and also eliminate the grow out of diseases, increasing the profits due to increase in density of fish cultured in the system, and water quality remain stable in optimal condition.</p>
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF SEVERAL INDONESIAN POPULATIONS OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Imron Imron , Iskandariah Iskandariah , Iswanto Bambang , Dewi Raden Roro Sri Puji Sinarni 
Published: October 2016

Patterns in morphological variability have been the main basis for conventional genetic improvement program, particularly in selective breeding. Proper understanding on these patterns hence, is of crucial prerequisite before any scheme of breeding program is undertaken. This study was aimed to explore those morphological variations with emphasis on the assessment of among-population and among-trait variations and assessment of predictive traits that may serve for inter-population differentiation. A total 281 individuals representing four natural populations (Asahan, Ogan, Barito, and Ciasem) and one domesticated stock (GIMacro) were sampled and analyzed for variability in thirteen morphological traits. While descriptive analyses were applied to analyze both among-stock and among-trait variations, discriminant function analysis was used to search for the best traits for interpopulation differentiation. The relative variability, expressed in the coefficient of variation (CV), was used to compare the amount and patterns of morphometric variability both among traits and between stocks. Results showed that total body weight was the most variable trait while the length and meristic traits were of lower level. Discriminant analysis found that rostrum length and abdoment length to be the best morphological discriminators among intraspecific populations. However, the continuous natures of these traits make them have limited applicability for intraspecific population differentiation.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FEED ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND DIGESTIVE ENZYME ACTIVITY OF EARLY JUVENILE-STAGE MARBLE GOBY, Oxyeleotris marmoratus
Authors: Darwis Muhammad , Muhd. Shaleh Sitti Raehana , Tanaka Masaru , Senoo Shigeharu 
Published: October 2016

The stable mass seed production technique of marble goby, Oxyeleotris marmoratus has not yet been established due to high mortality occurring on the early juvenile stage and/or after 40 days after hatching (d AH). In order to establish the mass seed production technique, O. marmoratus juveniles of 40 d AH were reared for 60 days to determine growth, survival and digestive enzyme activity at different types of feed (trash fish, artificial feed and Artemia sp. nauplii). Specific growth rate (5.32) and survival rate (91.3%) in juveniles fed Artemia sp. nauplii showed significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of juveniles fed trash fish and artificial feed. At the end of the experiment, the mean specific trypsin, amylase and lipase activities of juveniles fed Artemia sp. nauplii were recorded as 0.04 mU mg protein-1m-1, 0.114 mg maltose mg protein-1h-1 and 9.58 m Units, respectively, and they were significantly higher than those of juveniles fed trash fish and artificial feed. In the present study it was shown that O. marmoratus early juveniles had more efficient digestibility and absorption the nutrient when fed with Artemia.
CLONING OF ProAV PROMOTER ISOLATED FROM TIGER PRAWN Penaeus monodon
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Sukenda Sukenda , Sumantadinata Komar , Yamin Muhammad , Tenriulo Andi 
Published: October 2016

Promoter is a specific DNA sequence involved in the transcription of a particular gene. It is usually located in the upstream of the gene they regulate. Isolation and characterization of promoter is essentially needed in order to establish the sequence analysis and transcription factor that are used in the regulation of gene expression. The research was conducted to analyze the characteristics of Penaeus monodon anti viral gene promoter (ProAV) towards generation of auto-transgenic tiger prawn, P. monodon. ProAV promoter was isolated by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method and the purified DNA fragment was cloned into pGEM-T Easy cloning vector. The promoter sequence was characterized by using BLAST-N and Genetyx version 7 softwares. The results showed the success in isolating a promoter from tiger prawn of 368 bp in length. BLAST-N analysis showed that the sequence of isolated promoter has high similarity (95%-98%) compared to the other promoters in the GeneBank. The study revealed the existence of important transcription factors (TATA box, MRE, TCF-1, and other potential regulatory elements) are identified in the promoter sequence.
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIATION OF PEARL OYSTER, Pinctada maxima, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE SUBUNIT I GENE
Authors: Sudradjat Achmad , Susilowati Rini , Imron Imron 
Published: October 2016

Pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima is one of economical ly important species in aquaculture, particularly in pearl industry. Information on genetic variation of pearl oyster is required in order to be able to make a sound management of it’s natural populations and to utilize it to improve the quality of pearl culture. Five populations from different geographic locations of pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima, (Sumbawa, Bali, Selat Sunda, Belitung, and South Sulawesi) were analyzed for genetic variation within a 750-base pair region of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (MtCOI) gene using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique. The analysis of 25 pearl oyster samples, their haplotype diversity ranged from 0.0970 to 0.1939 and the number of haplotype in each population ranged from three to five haplotypes. Clustering of populations based on Nei’s genetic distances and constructed using unweighted pair-group method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) showed that the populations were clustered into two groups: Belitung, Selat Sunda, Bali and Sumbawa in one group, while South Sulawesi in the second group.
THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON THE EARLY PERFORMANCE OF FRESHWATER PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Imron Imron 
Published: October 2016

Inbreeding depression has often been considered to be responsible for the deterioration of performance in aquaculture species. Despite a crucial impact that may result from inbreeding depression, comprehensive information reviewing this subject is limited. This study was aimed to gain information on the effect of inbreeding on the early performance of freshwater prawn. The study was performed by comparing performance of inbred and outbred populations. Inbred population was established by brother-sister mating (inbreeding rate of 25%) while the outbred population was formed by mating unrelated individuals. Several fitness and productivity related traits including survival, the rate of larval development, stage dispersion and growth of larvae were evaluated. Results suggest that inbred families performed poorer than that of the outbred in survival. However, inbreeding depression did not seem to occur in other traits including the rate of larval development, larval stage dispersion and growth. This study implies that to maintain genetic quality of farmed prawn stocks, inbreeding rate in farmed population must be controlled not to exceed that level. Implications that these findings may have on aquaculture practices and possible alternatives for the solutions are discussed.
THE POTENTIAL OF EXTRACT OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF Lantana camara Linn. AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL FOR CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) INFECTED BY Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Nur Indriyani , Fitriani Afiyfah , Asnani Asnani 
Published: October 2016

Freshwater catfish culture has been hampered by bacterial diseases. One of the agents of the bacterial disease is Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS). The application of synthetic antibiotics has had some disadvantages such as bacterial resistance and undegradable in water. One of the potential antibacterial herbs is Lantana camara. Information of Lantana as an antibacterial on catfish is still limited. Therefore, the experiment of utilization of Lantana as an antibacterial for catfish should be conducted. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential of Lantana extract as an antibacterial of A. hydrophila for catfish. The completely randomized design was applied consisting of four treatments using two parts of the plant, leaves and flowers. The treatments were: A = 1,000 ppm of leaves; B = 2,000 ppm of leaves; C = 1,000 ppm of flowers; D = 2,000 ppm of flowers), and control. Lantana extracts were diluted into each culture media which had been infected with A. hydrophila. Several factors were observed in this experiment such as prevalence with of MAS disease, survival rate, percentage of haematocrites and total of leukocytes of fish blood. The results showed that the fish treated with 2,000 ppm of flowers extract had a lower in prevalence of MAS disease and higher in survival rate than those treated with 1,000 ppm; 2,000 ppm of leaves; and 1,000 ppm of flowers, respectively. However, percentage of haematocrytes and total of leucocytes was not influenced by the extracts from different parts of Lantana plant. In conclusion, 2,000 ppm of Lantana flowers extract might be useful as an antibacterial of A. hydrophila for catfish culture.
SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF Streptococcus agalactiae, A PATHOGEN CAUSING STREPTOCOCCOSIS IN TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Taukhid Taukhid , Kusrini Eni , Hadie Wartono 
Published: October 2016

Pathogen identification based on biochemical properties can barely differentiate Streptococcus iniae and S. agalactiae. Beside that, this technique is also limited by the length of time required to complete the assays. Therefore, rapid diagnosis is necessary to initiate prompt therapeutic and prophylactic measures in order to limit any potential economic losses caused by such pathogens. The aim of the present study was to identify Streptococcosis species using amplification of S. agalactiae DNA sequence with species-specific primer Sdi 61 AGGAAACCTGCCATTTGCG and Sdi 252 CAATCTATTTCTAGATCGTGG and perform phylogenetic analysis based on DNA nucleotide sequence data. The sequencing of PCR products was performed at BPPT Puspiptek Serpong by using the respective PCR primers, Big Dye Terminator Chemistry and AmpliTaq-FS DNA polymerase. The sequencing reactions were run on the ABI Prism version 3103 – Avant Genetic Analyzer (USA) and the result was read by Sequence Navigator program (Applied Biosystem). Alignment multiple analysis was done based on the data from Genebank with BLASTN (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast.cgi) on the nucleotide level. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were generated with Genetyx programme version 7 with UPGMA and MEGA software version 4.0. The result revealed that the isolates from brain, eye, and kidney of diseased Tilapia were infected by S. agalactiae and it has 99% similarity with Genebank. It has close relationship with S. agalactiae at genebank with UPGMA method. These isolates showed high variation in the first sequence which is similar to S. iniae. The information of S. agalactiae genomes suggests that gene acquisition, duplication, and reassortment have played an important role in genetic diversity and evolution of S. agalactiae. Screening of breeder fish stocks with the developed PCR methodology, followed by elimination of infected stocks, would provide an efficient strategy to control fish infected by streptococcosis.
IMPROVEMENT OF NON SPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM ON COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio) AGAINST KOI HERPESVIRUS DISEASE (KHVD) BY ADDITION OF ASCORBIC ACID ON FISH DIET: A FIELD SCALE STUDY
Authors: Taukhid Taukhid , Sugiani Desy , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana 
Published: October 2016

The research with the aim to know the optimal feeding frequency of supplemented ascorbic acid (microencapsulated vitamin C CFC-90) on the dose of 750 mg/kg feed to control Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) disease infecting common carp has been done in field condition. Fish were reared in floating cages with the size of 3.5 m x 3.5 m x 2.0 m and stocking density of 1,250 fish/cage with the size range of ± 10 g/fish. The treatments applied in the research were: (A) daily application, (B) every 3 days application, and (C) without vitamin C addition as the control. Fish test were challenged to KHV infection on the mid cultivation by cohabitation method in the laboratory scale for 2 weeks. Examination on behavior, clinical sign, and mortality of fish test conducted daily. The results showed that the highest survival rate was found on the application of vitamin C every 3 days (60.16%); and followed by every day (52.00%), and the lowest was found on the control group (47.36%).
THE APPLICATION OF RAPD FINGERPRINTING TO ASSESS INBREEDING LEVELS IN THE CULTURED POPULATIONS OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Imron Imron , Sunandar Dadan , Suprapto Rommy , Listyowati Nunuk 
Published: October 2016

Inbreeding has been one of central issues with regard to genetic quality of aquaculture species, including giant fresh water prawn (GFP). Conventional methods for the estimation of inbreeding level are available, such as pedigree analyses which requires a good pedigree record which, unfortunately, is rarely available. Likewise, microsatellite molecular markers commonly applied to obtain the coefficient inbreeding estimates are both laborious and expensive. Hence, an alternative method of inbreeding assessment which is relatively easy but reliable is in need. This study was aimed to explore the applicability of RAPD fingerprinting, which is known to be simple and affordable, to estimate inbreeding level of GFP population. Three GFP populations namely inbred, outbred, and farm populations with inbreeding level of 25%, 0%, and unknown, respectively, were genotyped using five polymorphic RAPD primers. The inbreeding levels mentioned within the first two populations were determined using pedigree analysis. RAPD banding patterns were then used to calculate band sharing index (BSI) and inbreeding coefficient (F). Assessment of the applicability of inbreeding level estimates obtained by RAPD markers was performed by comparing them to those estimated by pedigree analysis. Results show that RAPD fingerprinting was capable of delineating populations differing in their inbreeding coefficients. The pattern resulted from molecular inbreeding coefficient within the inbred and outbred groups, was congruent with that shown by pedigree analysis, while the farm population showed closeness to the inbred group. While the accuracy of the estimate needs to be verified further, this study suggests that RAPD fingerprinting is applicable to estimate population inbreeding level, particularly due to its technical simplicity and cost affordability.
TUMOUR CASE IN KOI CARP (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Sholichah Lili , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Caruso Domenico , Subamia I Wayan , Purwaningsih Uni 
Published: October 2016

A case study of tumour in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) was observed in rearing periode. This tumour occurs solitary, large, pale red, fleshy masses under the lips and dental plates on the outside, and by reason of its size, may prevent closure the mouth. Moreover, this tumour goes through into the inside of the mouth. At necropsy, there were two soft, firm, small mass at inside of the mouth and the bigger mass at outside the mouth. Samples of this tumour were fixed in 10% formalin were used for histology analysis. The clinical course of the tumour is one of relatively slow but progressive growth. The proliferative stage of the neoplastic process is preceded and accompanied by a striking vascular reaction. Intensed hyperemia invariably occurs in that region of the mucosal surface which later becomes the site of neoplastic proliferation. Neoplastic cells lied around lamina propria and submucosal. These cells were joined together to make vacuolization and the other cells become pleiomorphism with hyperchromatic nucleus and N/C ratio cells are 1:1. In some area, there were many empty holes, around the holes there were debris cells, inflammation cells, and erythrocytes.
DOMINANT FACTORS AFFECTING SEAWEED (Gracilaria verrucosa) PRODUCTION IN ACID SULFATE SOILS-AFFECTED PONDS OF LUWU REGENCY, INDONESIA
Authors: Mustafa Akhmad , Sammut Jesmond 
Published: October 2016

Most of brackish water ponds used for seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) culture in Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia are constructed on acid sulfate soil. Despite this inevitable condition, opportunities remain open to increase the seaweed production. The research was conducted to study the dominant factors that affect the seaweed production in ASS-affected ponds of Luwu Regency. As a dependent variable in this research is seaweed production. Independent variables were grouped into: (a) farmer status factor, consisting of 9 variables; (b) pond condition factor, consisting of 8 variables; (c) pond management factor, consisting of 29 variables; (d) soil quality factor, consisting of 17 variables and (e) water quality factor, consisting of 11 variables. Multiple regression with dummy variable was used to analyze the data in prediction dependent variable. Results show that the average of seaweed production in ASS-affected pond of Luwu Regency is 11,000 kg dry/ha/year. Seaweed production can be increased through: (a) decreasing dosage of urea and KCl and increasing dosage and frequency of fertilizer containing phosphate; (b) increasing water depth in the pond and decreasing percentage of water exchange,(c) conducting remediation to increase the soil pH and decreasing the concentration of Fe in the water, (d) increasing stocking density of milkfish to decrease the epiphyte population and (e) increasing the frequency of the farmer to attend trainings.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SPERMATOGONIA AND TESTES DISSOCIATION : A Preliminary Study for the Germ Cell Transplantation in Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy)
Authors: Andriani Irma , Djuwita Ita , Sumantadinata Komar , Junior Muhammad Zairin , Arfah Harton , Alimuddin Alimuddin 
Published: October 2016

The recent study were attempting to develop spermatogonial germ cell transplantation as a tool to preserve and propagate male germ-plasm from endangered fish species, as well as to produce surrogate broodstock of commercially valuable fish. Spermatogonia identification and testes dissociation were the first necessary steps to obtain highly amount and viable population of spermatogonia as donor cells for transplantation. Using giant gouramy testes as a model, spermatogonia was histological characterized and two methods of testes dissociations were compared (i.e. medium A contained 0.5% trypsin in PBS and medium B contained 0.5% trypsin and DNase 10 IU/μL in PBS complemented with CaCl2, Hepes and FCS). Optimal incubation times (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours) in dissociation medium were also determined. Freshly isolated testes of immature giant gouramy were minced in dissociation medium and then incubated to get monodisperce cell suspension. Parameters observed were number and viability of spermatogonia (ø > 10 μm). The viability was analyzed using trypan blue exclusion dye. The results showed that the average number of spermatogonia observed in medium B was higher than in medium A (P<0.05), meanwhile the viability of spermatogonia between medium A and B were not significantly different (P>0.05). The viability of spermatogonia decreased by the increasing duration time of dissociation. The viability of spermatogonia started to decrease significantly in 2 hours incubation time in medium A and 4 hours incubation time in medium B (P<0.05). In conclusion, application of dissociation medium B yielded higher number of viable spermatogonia than dissociation medium A.
MAPPING OF EXISTING MARICULTURE ACTIVITIES IN SOUTH-EAST SULAWESI “POTENTIAL, CURRENT AND FUTURE STATUS”
Authors: Albasri Hatim , Iba Wa , Aslan La Ode Muhammad , Gooley Geoff , De Silva Sena 
Published: October 2016

The present study identifies existing mariculture activities and its constraints in SE Sulawesi, along with its geo-physical attributes in the Province.This allows for a better understanding the potential, current and future status of mariculture development in the area and making sure its sustainability. The study was conducted to map the existing mariculture activities in SE Sulawesi. Data collection was performed in June 2009. Spatial and attribute data of the existing mariculture were acquired by interviewing fish farmer using open-ended questionnaire and analyzed using ArcGIS 9.x. Key water quality parameters consisted of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, depth, clarity, and turbidity and analyzed using STORET Indeks. Three big clusters of existing mariculture activities are located in Kendari, Muna and Buton areas, collectively serving as both a source of mariculture products and a market destination or transit location. All surveyed locations of existing mariculture activities in SE Sulawesi show relatively optimal water quality conditions. Site capacity and suitability analysis of existing or potential areas of mariculture activities and development have largely not been considered by stakeholders involved in managing coastal areas, resulting in crowded and unmanaged development with multiple overlapping economic activities in some areas. Piloting of integrated ‘value-adding’ mariculture industries (e.g. raw material, processed products and ‘ready to eat’ industries) might help ease some if not all of the existing economic problems of the mariculture sector.
SEX DETERMINATION IN INDONESIAN PUFFERFISH Tetraodon palembangensis Bleeker, 1852: IMPLICATION FOR AQUACULTURE AND CONSERVATION
Authors: Nugraha Media Fitri Isma , Subamia I Wayan , Sudarto Sudarto , Purbowasito Wahyu 
Published: October 2016

The study was based on eight specimens from a single population of Palembang pufferfish. We used a comprehensive approach comprise behavioral record, the Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA technique, exteriorly genital observation and the description of morphological coloration distinctive to recognize gender. Annotation from captivity has yielded that two genders in couple were possessed the prominent social respond in shoaling-fidelity. When the gonadal process has been released by maternal part, eggs and offspring were kept by male and there is no tolerable contact of female were given, here the female has become more cannibalism. Male adult has more brown-blackish and occasionally more flukes-dark on the half upper horizontal body it has less towering bulk and only has one genitalial hole. Female furthermore is recognizable with the present hight-bulk and has more yellow overall flukes in coloration and widely bright yellowish-dark from abdomental part to the edge of middle half of the body. Contrary, female has two genitalian holes. RAPD also has confirmed a concordance linkage what we are previously expected. We found an important mutation 176 bp for both gender. Among the scaffold obtained, scaffold 33 is a common scaffold identified within T. palembangensis and Takifugu, it has a sufficient score bit of 36.2 with a length of nucleotide 1,758,880 bp. Moreover, this scaffold is the result from primer OPP-19 in the female of T. palembangensis, we thus can finally distinguish their sex status. The scaffold 33 might relate to the gene SOX. Our attempt may hatch a new horizon for institutional developers, aquarist and conservationist in case of surety for sustainable natural population and to ensure their stock for consumption and trading ornament requirement.