bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optochemical Control of Biological Processes in Cells and Animals
Authors: Ankenbruck Nicholas , Courtney Taylor , Naro Yuta , Deiters Alexander 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBiological processes are naturally regulated with high spatial and temporal control, as is perhaps most evident in metazoan embryogenesis. Chemical tools have been extensively utilized in cell and developmental biology to investigate cellular processes, and conditional control methods have expanded applications of these technologies toward resolving complex biological questions. Light represents an excellent external trigger since it can be controlled with very high spatial and temporal precision. To this end, several optically regulated tools have been developed and applied to living systems. In this review we discuss recent developments of optochemical tools, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids that can be irreversibly or reversibly controlled through light irradiation, with a focus on applications in cells and animals.
A ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of cysteine in aqueous solution at neutral pH
Authors: Li Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor 2‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐formyl‐5′‐methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole (1) was developed for the detection of cysteine (Cys). In aqueous solution at neutral pH, 1 exhibited a ratiometric fluorescent response to Cys with a remarkable red‐to‐green shift in the emission wavelength. This fluorescence change was attributed to the cyclization reaction between the formyl group in 1 and the amino and sulfhydryl group in Cys in a stoichiometry of 1: 1 according to the proposed mechanism. At neutral pH, 1 displayed a significant fluorescence ratio signal enhancement with the addition of Cys. Furthermore, 1 showed good selectivity toward Cys. The detection limit and linear range were 5.6 and 0–100 μmol/L, respectively, which demonstrated that 1 could recognize relatively low concentrations of Cys and is a good candidate for applications in detecting Cys.
Safety, productivity and predicted contribution of a surgical task-sharing programme in Sierra Leone
Authors: Bolkan H A , van Duinen A , Waalewijn B , Elhassein M , Kamara T B , Deen G F , Bundu I , Ystgaard B , von Schreeb J , Wibe A 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Surgical task-sharing may be central to expanding the provision of surgical care in low-resource settings. The aims of this paper were to describe the set-up of a new surgical task-sharing training programme for associate clinicians and junior doctors in Sierra Leone, assess its productivity and safety, and estimate its future role in contributing to surgical volume.

Methods
This prospective observational study from a consortium of 16 hospitals evaluated crude in-hospital mortality over 5 years and productivity of operations performed during and after completion of a 3-year surgical training programme.

Results
Some 48 trainees and nine graduated surgical assistant community health officers (SACHOs) participated in 27 216 supervised operations between January 2011 and July 2016. During training, trainees attended a median of 822 operations. SACHOs performed a median of 173 operations annually. Caesarean section, hernia repair and laparotomy were the most common procedures during and after training. Crude in-hospital mortality rates after caesarean sections and laparotomies were 0·7 per cent (13 of 1915) and 4·3 per cent (7 of 164) respectively for operations performed by trainees, and 0·4 per cent (5 of 1169) and 8·0 per cent (11 of 137) for those carried out by SACHOs. Adjusted for patient sex, surgical procedure, urgency and hospital, mortality was lower for operations performed by trainees (OR 0·47, 95 per cent c.i. 0·32 to 0·71; P &lt; 0·001) and SACHOs (OR 0·16, 0·07 to 0·41; P &lt; 0·001) compared with those conducted by trainers and supervisors.

Conclusion
SACHOs rapidly and safely achieved substantial increases in surgical volume in Sierra Leone.
Hierarchical Porous Graphene/Ni Foam Composite with High Performances in Energy Storage Prepared by Flame Reduction of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Xiaofeng , Han Shuang , Huang Ruling , Wang Qian‐Qian , Qu Jin , Yu Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA highly conducting porous architecture with plenty of stable oxygen‐containing groups is designed to endow graphene electrodes with both high rate performance and high capacitance in energy storage. By exposing the graphene oxide/Ni foam composite to an epitaxial flame of a lighter for a few seconds, the resultant reduced graphene oxide/Ni foam (RGO/Ni foam) composite shows a three‐dimensional hierarchical porous structure with plenty of stable oxygen‐containing groups, owing to the expansion and moderate reduction of graphene oxide sheets inside the Ni foam. As a supercapacitor electrode, the porous RGO/Ni foam composite exhibits an exceptional specific capacitance of 407.2 F g−1 at 500 mA g−1. An enlarged operation voltage of 1.8 V is also realized when packaging the RGO/Ni foam composite into a symmetric two‐electrode cell configuration, exhibiting high energy density and power density. As an anode electrode in a lithium‐ion battery, the first discharge/charge capacities of the RGO/Ni foam composite are 2194/1372 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1. This work gives great inspiration for the large‐scale production of high‐performance graphene‐based electrodes for energy storage.
Bioinspired Synthesis of Cu2+‐Modified Covalent Triazine Framework: A New Highly Efficient and Promising Peroxidase Mimic
Authors: Xiong Yuhao , Qin Yuemei , Su Linjing , Ye Fanggui 
Published: May 2017

AbstractArtificial enzymes is an emerging field of research owing to the remarkable advantages of enzyme mimics over their natural counterpart, including tunable catalytic efficiencies, lower cost, ease of preparation, and excellent tolerance to variations of the reaction system. Herein, we report an efficient peroxidase mimic based on a copper‐modified covalent triazine framework (CCTF). Owing to its unique specific surface area, atomically dispersed active Cu sites, efficient electron transfer, and enhanced photo‐assisted enzyme‐like activity, the CCTF showed enhanced peroxidase‐like enzyme activity. Therefore, copper modification represents an effective route to tailor the peroxidase‐like activity of the covalent triazine frameworks. Furthermore, the mechanism of the enhanced peroxidase‐like activity and stability of the CCTF were investigated. As a proof of concept, the CCTF was used for the colorimetric detection of H2O2 and decomposition of organic pollutants. This work provides a new strategy for the design of enzyme mimics with a broad range of potential applications.
Prognostic potential of midregional pro‐adrenomedullin following decompensation for systolic heart failure: comparison with cardiac natriuretic peptides
Authors: Morbach Caroline , Marx Almuth , Kaspar Mathias , Güder Gülmisal , Brenner Susanne , Feldmann Carolin , Störk Stefan , Vollert Jörn O. , Ertl Georg , Angermann Christiane E. ,   on behalf of the INH Study Group and the Competence Network Heart Failure
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsWhereas guidelines recommend the routine use of natriuretic peptides (NPs) in heart failure (HF) care, the clinical relevance and prognostic potential of midregional pro‐adrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) is less well established. We aimed to compare the prognostic potential of MR‐proADM after acute decompensation for systolic HF with that of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and midregional pro‐atrial NP (MR‐proANP), to investigate the significance of high/rising MR‐proADM, and to evaluate the incremental prognostic yield of repeat measurements.Methods and resultsThe Interdisciplinary Network Heart Failure (INH) programme enrolled patients hospitalized for acute systolic HF and followed them for 18 months (100% complete). Of 1022 INH participants, 917 (68 ± 12 years, 28% female) who had biomaterials available were enrolled. High MR‐proADM was associated with more impaired left ventricular function, higher comorbidity burden, lower doses of HF medications, and lower likelihood of left ventricular reverse remodelling. Compared with NPs, MR‐proADM had superior prognostic significance (concordance index 0.72 for all‐cause mortality), improved Cox regression models including NPs (P < 0.001), and was the only biomarker also predicting non‐cardiac death (hazard ratio 1.8 vs. 1.0). In the setting of low NPs, patients with high MR‐proADM experienced non‐cardiac death more often. Six month MR‐proADM enhanced models including baseline MR‐proADM (P < 0.001) for prediction of all‐cause death (net reclassification index: 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.78).ConclusionMR‐proADM was found to correlate with the global disease burden in HF and proved a potent prognostic indicator, capturing the risk for both cardiac and non‐cardiac death. Serial MR‐proADM measurements further enhanced risk assessment, thus facilitating substantial reclassification.
New insights on the relative contributions of coastal processes and tectonics to shore platform development following the Kaikōura earthquake
Authors: Stephenson Wayne J. , Dickson Mark E. , Denys Paul H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe describe the immediate impact of the 14 November 2016 Kaikōura magnitude 7.8 (Mw) earthquake on shore platforms and cliffs around Kaikōura Peninsula. The earthquake caused an instantaneous uplift of ~1.01 m of the peninsula. We resurveyed seven profiles previously used for erosion monitoring and observed changes in the configuration of the shoreline. The coseismic uplift has fundamentally changed the process regime operating on the platforms and altered the future trajectory of shore platform and cliff development. Our observations highlight the interplay of waves, weathering, biology and tectonics. At this location tectonism strongly modulates the process regime, driving instantaneous changes in morphology and altering rates and patterns of erosion. Finally, the uplift of the Kaikōura coast has implications for changing resilience to climate change and sea level rise. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genie in a blotter: A comparative study of LSD and LSD analogues' effects and user profile
Authors: Coney Leigh D. , Maier Larissa J. , Ferris Jason A. , Winstock Adam R. , Barratt Monica J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe self‐reported patterns of use and effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogues (AL‐LAD, 1P‐LSD, and ETH‐LAD) and the characteristics of those who use them.MethodsAn anonymous self‐selected online survey of people who use drugs (Global Drug Survey 2016; N = 96,894), which measured perceived drug effects of LSD and its analogues.ResultsMost LSD analogue users (91%) had also tried LSD. The proportion of U.K. and U.S. respondents reporting LSD analogue use in the last 12 months was higher than for LSD only. LSD analogue users described the effects as psychedelic (93%), over half (55%) obtained it online, and almost all (99%) reported an oral route of administration. The modal duration (8 hr) and time to peak (2 hr) of LSD analogues were not significantly different from LSD. Ratings for pleasurable high, strength of effect, comedown, urge to use more drugs, value for money, and risk of harm following use were significantly lower for LSD analogues compared with LSD.ConclusionsLSD analogues were reported as similar in time to peak and duration as LSD but weaker in strength, pleasurable high, and comedown. Future studies should seek to replicate these findings with chemical confirmation and dose measurement.
Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Suppresses Cell Growth and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Osteosarcoma by Regulating the miR‐221/ARHI Pathway
Authors: Ye Kaishan , Wang Shuanke , Zhang Haihong , Han Hua , Ma Bing , Nan Wei 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTDysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the development of human cancers. The lncRNA growth arrest‐specific 5 (GAS5) is reported to be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. However, the roles of GAS5 and its related miRNAs in osteosarcoma are poorly understood. This study explored the potential functions and mechanisms of GAS5 in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma. Here, the expression of GAS5, miR‐221 and aplasia Ras homologue member I (ARHI) was determined in osteosarcoma tissues and cells by Real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR). The underlying mechanism of GAS5 in osteosarcoma growth was analyzed via MTT, Transwell, RT‐qPCR, Western blot, dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and xenograft models after GAS5 overexpression. GAS5 and ARHI levels were significantly reduced, while miR‐221 increased, both in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. Overexpression of GAS5 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells. GAS5 could directly bind to miR‐221 to decrease miR‐221 expression and enhance ARHI expression. The effect of GAS5 overexpression on the proliferation, migration and EMT was reversed by miR‐221 mimics or ARHI siRNA in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, GAS5 suppressed tumor volume, Ki‐67 and PCNA staining, and EMT process in the development of osteosarcoma in vivo. Taken together, lncRNA GAS5 functions as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐221 to suppress cell growth and EMT in osteosarcoma by regulating the miR‐221/ARHI pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4772–4781, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intercentrum versus pleurocentrum growth in early tetrapods: A paleohistological approach
Authors: Danto Marylène , Witzmann Florian , Pierce Stephanie E. , Fröbisch Nadia B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA variety of vertebral centrum morphologies have evolved within early tetrapods which range from multipartite centra consisting of intercentra and pleurocentra in stem‐tetrapods, temnospondyls, seymouriamorphs, and anthracosaurs up to monospondylous centra in lepospondyls. With the present study, we aim to determine the formation of both intercentrum and pleurocentrum and asked whether these can be homologized based on their bone histology. Both intercentra and pleurocentra ossified endochondrally and periosteal bone was subsequently deposited on the outer surface of the centra. Our observations indicate low histological variation between intercentrum and pleurocentrum in microstructural organization and growth which inhibits the determination of homologies. However, intercentrum and pleurocentrum development differs during ontogeny. As previously assumed, the intercentrum arises from ventrally located and initially paired ossification centers that fuse ventromedially to form the typical, crescentic, rhachitomous intercentrum. In contrast, presacral pleurocentra may be ancestrally represented by four ossification centers: a ventral and a dorsal pair. Subsequently, two divergent developmental patterns are observed: In stem‐tetrapods and temnospondyls, the pleurocentrum evolves from the two dorsally located ossification centers which may occasionally fuse to form a dorsal crescent. In some dvinosaurian temnospondyls, the pleurocentrum may even ossify to full rings. In comparison, the pleurocentrum of stem‐amniotes (anthracosaurs, chroniosuchids, seymouriamorphs, and lepospondyls) arises from the two ventrally located ossification centers whereby the ossification pattern is almost identical to that of temnospondyls but mirror‐inverted. Thus, the ring‐shaped pleurocentrum of Discosauriscus ossifies from ventral to dorsal. We also propose that the ossified portions of the intercentrum and pleurocentrum continued as cartilaginous rings or discs that surrounded the notochord in the living animals.
Proteomic analysis of Lupinus angustifolius (var. Zeus and Bojar) and Lupinus luteus (var. Lord and Parys) seed proteins and their hydrolysates
Authors: Czubinski Jaroslaw , Montowska Magdalena , Pospiech Edward , Lampart‐Szczapa Eleonora 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDProteins enzymatic digestion is a very complex process, during which some components are degraded, whereas others remain in an unchanged form. Moreover, enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the most popular methods used to reduce the allergenicity of food proteins. In the present study, the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of lupin seed proteins was assessed by proteomic analysis as performed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) coupled with mass spectrometry identification. Two digestion systems were used: oriented digestion carried out by trypsin and model in vitro digestion mimicking the conditions present in the gastrointestinal tract.RESULTSThe comparisons of 2‐DE maps of proteins isolated form different lupin seed species revealed that the differences in proteins expression were observed mainly in the central parts of gels (i.e. in the molecular weight range from 20 to 70 kDa, and the pH range 5–7). In total, 27 differentially expressed proteins spots were successfully identified by mass spectrometry analysis. An important reduction in the number of proteins spots on 2‐DE maps was observed when trypsin and the in vitro digestion model were applied. The protein spot insensitive to digestion in both hydrolysis systems was identified as β‐conglutin.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the present study provide insight into the nature of the digestion process that may take place after lupin seed protein intake and highlight the important fact that some of the proteins are insensitive to digestive enzyme activity. Moreover, evaluation of digestion activity of trypsin towards lupin seed proteins may be used for the development of specific processes with respect to hypoallergenic food production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Predation on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) eggs by the resident predator community in coastal transitional waters
Authors: Kotterba Paul , Moll Dorothee , Hammer Cornelius , Peck Myron A. , Oesterwind Daniel , Polte Patrick 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAtlantic herring (Clupea harengus) migrates from offshore to coastal areas to spawn and their eggs and larvae may substantially increase prey resources for resident predators. We combined an in situ predator exclusion experiment using eggs naturally spawned on submerged aquatic vegetation and field observations of predator abundance to estimate the magnitude of predation mortality of herring eggs. During our predator exclusion experiment, performed in an important spawning ground in the southwest Baltic Sea, 20% of the herring eggs were consumed resulting in an extrapolated predation of 42% of all eggs between spawning and hatch. Abundance and stomach content analyses indicated that one predator (threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus) was responsible for the majority of the predation impact. Predation mortality estimates from this in situ study were more than 10‐fold higher than those of an empirical egg predation model for the same predator in the same region. Our findings highlight the potential of resident predators to regulate the survival of early life stages of ocean‐going fishes that rely on the nursery functions of inshore transitional waters.
Development of an alginate hydrogel to deliver aqueous bait for pest ant management
Authors: Tay Jia‐Wei , Hoddle Mark S , Mulchandani Ashok , Choe Dong‐Hwan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide sprays used for ant control cause environmental contamination. Liquid bait is a safe and effective alternative, but it requires bait stations to dispense the toxicant. We developed a biodegradable hydrogel to deliver liquid bait obviating the need for bait stations.RESULTSAlginate hydrogel beads with preferred rigidity and maximum hydration in 25% sucrose solution were engineered by optimizing a crosslinking process. The moisture content of the substrate on which the beads were placed and the relative atmospheric humidity significantly influenced water loss dynamics of the hydrated hydrogel beads. Laboratory choice studies indicated that hydrated hydrogel beads had reduced palatability to foraging ants when they lost ≥50% water. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that the insecticide thiamethoxam added to sucrose solution was absorbed into the hydrogel beads. Hydrogel beads conditioned in sucrose solution with 1 mg L–1 thiamethoxam provided complete control of all castes of Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr) colony by 14 days post treatment in the laboratory trial and provided a 79% reduction in ant activity after 8 weeks in the field trial.CONCLUSIONAlginate hydrogel beads provided an effective delivery system for liquid baits laced with low concentrations of insecticide to control Argentine ants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Size selection from fishways and potential evolutionary responses in a threatened Atlantic salmon population
Authors: Maynard G. A. , Kinnison M. T. , Zydlewski J. D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe evolutionary effects of harvest on wild fish populations have been documented around the world; however, sublethal selective pressures can also cause evolutionary changes in phenotypes. For migratory fishes, passage facilities may represent instances of nonlethal selective pressure. Our analysis of 6 years of passage data suggests that certain fish passage facilities on the Penobscot River have been exerting selective pressure against large‐bodied, anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). At the second and third dams in the river, a 91‐cm salmon was 21%–27% and 12%–16% less likely to pass than a 45‐cm salmon, respectively. Fish size positively influences egg survival and number and is a heritable trait. Therefore, in a wild‐reproducing population, exclusion of large fish from spawning areas may have population‐level impacts. In the Penobscot River, most returning adults derive from a hatchery program that collects its broodstock after passing the first dam in the river. Analysis of fork lengths of salmon returning to the Penobscot River from 1978 to 2012 provided mixed support for evolution of size at maturity in different age classes in a pattern that may be expected from interactions with conservation hatchery operations. Additionally, slow‐maturing and iteroparous individuals that represent the largest salmon size classes were essentially lost from the population during that time, and Penobscot River fish have shorter fork lengths at maturity than Atlantic salmon in undammed systems.