bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of chill‐stored and frozen pork necks using electronic nose with ultra‐fast gas chromatography
Authors: Górska‐Horczyczak Elżbieta , Wojtasik‐Kalinowska Iwona , Guzek Dominika , Sun Da‐Wen , Wierzbicka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of differentiating chill‐stored and frozen pork necks with a technique of electronic nose (E‐nose) based on ultra‐fast gas chromatography (UFGC). Tests were carried out on pork necks from six pigs obtained from a breeding farm with Pork Quality System (PQS) implemented. The volatile organic compounds (VOC) of the meat samples with 1, 4, and 7 days of chill storage and samples with 5 months of frozen storage were investigated. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed differences in the volatile organic compounds profiles. Discriminant factor analysis (DFA) model was developed to identify the freshness of the meat samples. Results showed that using E‐nose Heracles II allowed effective recognition of chilled and frozen pork meats. Significant differences were found between VOC profiles. In practice, this technique could be applied to the meat industry for a rapid, cheap, and reliable assessment of meat freshness.Practical applicationsInvestigation of methods for differentiation of chill‐stored and frozen pork necks is of significance for quality and safety maintenance. The current study developed a technique of electronic nose (E‐nose) based on ultra‐fast gas chromatography (UFGC) for recognizing the freshness difference of these meat products. Results showed that the technique allowed for effective recognition of chilled and frozen pork meats. In practice, this technique could be applied to the meat industry for a rapid, cheap, and reliable assessment of meat freshness.
Acid resistance and acid adaptation responses of foodborne Escherichia coli isolates
Authors: Park Jong‐Su , Kim Ji‐Eun , Kim Keun‐Sung 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEscherichia coli possesses four phenotypically distinct systems of acid resistance (AR). AR is an important characteristic of E. coli, enabling the organism to survive acidic environments. In this study, a wild‐type E. coli strain, K12, and two foodborne E. coli isolates were tested for AR. AR systems 2, 3, and 4 required the presence of glutamate, arginine, or lysine, respectively, during acid challenge tests at pH 2.0 after adaptation to HCl or organic acids (pH 5.0). AR characteristics of the two foodborne E. coli isolates were found to be similar to those of the wild‐type strain. Nonetheless, survival rates of E. coli strains adapted to lactic acid were higher than those of E. coli strains adapted to HCl or citric acid. Therefore, our results indicate that E. coli strains that survive in foods containing lactic acid as a preservative may have stronger AR for survival under acidic conditions.Practical applicationsEscherichia coli has acid resistance (AR) systems and can mount acid adaptation responses for survival in acidic environments when exposed to even a moderately acidic environment. Organic acids—lactic and citric acids—are commonly used in the food industry. In previous studies, however, the prevalence of AR genes in foodborne E. coli isolates has never been determined, and AR of foodborne E. coli isolates and their AR responses after adaptation to organic acids have not yet been investigated. Therefore, in this study, the prevalence of AR genes in foodborne E. coli isolates was evaluated, and their AR after adaptation to lactic and citric acids was determined.
Isolation Precautions Use for Multidrug‐Resistant Organism Infection in Nursing Homes
Authors: Cohen Catherine C. , Dick Andrew , Stone Patricia W. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo examine factors associated with isolation precaution use in nursing home (NH) residents with multidrug‐resistant organism (MDRO) infection.DesignRetrospective, cross‐sectional analysis.SettingNursing homes with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ certification from October 2010 to December 2013.ParticipantsElderly, long‐stay NH residents with positive MDRO infection assessments.MeasurementsData were obtained from the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0, Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting, and Area Health Resource File. Multivariable regression with facility fixed effects was conducted.ResultsThe sample included 191,816 assessments of residents with MDRO infection, of which isolation use was recorded in 12.8%. Of the NHs reporting MDRO infection in the past year, 31% used isolation at least once among residents with MDRO infection. Resident characteristics positively associated with isolation use included locomotion (23.6%, P < .001) and eating (17.9%, P < .001) support. Isolation use was 14.3% lower in those with MDRO history (P < .001). Residents in NHs that had received an infection control–related citation in the past year had a greater probability of isolation use (3.4%, P = .02); those in NHs that had received a quality‐of‐care citation had lower probability of isolation use (−3.3%, P = .03).ConclusionThis is the first study to examine the new MDS 3.0 isolation and MDRO items. Isolation was infrequently used, and the proportion of isolated MDRO infections varied between facilities. Inspection citations were related to isolation use in the following year. Further research is needed to determine whether and when isolation should be used to best decrease risk of MDRO transmission and improve quality of care.
Same Supply Chain, Different Models: Integrating Perspectives from Life Cycle Assessment and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Blass Vered , Corbett Charles J. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWithin industrial ecology, there is a substantial community focusing on life cycle assessment (LCA) and corresponding tools and methods. Within the field of supply chain management, an increasing community is converging around sustainable supply chains. These two communities study the same underlying systems, but bring different perspectives to bear. We review seven issues that arise at this intersection of LCA and supply chain management, with the aim of illustrating how both communities can enrich each other by closer interaction. We conclude with some suggestions for how the two communities can further collaborate.
Cytotoxic analysis and chemical characterization of fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Euterpe oleracea Mart. seed in the MCF-7 cell line
Authors: Freitas Dayanne da S , Morgado-Díaz José A , Gehren Adriana S , Vidal Flávia C B , Fernandes Raquel Maria T , Romão Wanderson , Tose Lilian V , Frazão Fabiola N S , Costa Maria Célia P , Silva Dulcelena F , Nascimento Maria do Desterro S B 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objectives
To analyse the antineoplastic activity of fractions derived from the hydroalcoholic extract of Euterpe oleracea Mart. seed in the MCF-7 cell line and to identify the compounds responsible for the antineoplastic action.

Methods
Cells were treated with 10, 20, 40 and 60 μg/ml with the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of the hydroalcoholic extract of açaí seed, for 24 and 48 h. After treatment, cell viability was measured using MTT assay and cell death was assessed using the Annexin-Pi assay. The most cytotoxic fraction under study was analysed by mass spectrometry using an electrospray ionization source and a cyclotron analyser coupled to a Fourier transform. Data were analysed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) or by Student's t-test, where appropriate.

Key findings
All fractions caused significant reduction in the cell viability, but the EAF was the most cytotoxic (P &lt; 0.001). It was observed the absence of significant annexin staining but increase Pi staining (P &lt; 0.001). The EAF is composed of epicatechin, proanthocyanidin A2 and trimeric and tetrameric procyanidins.

Conclusions
In this study, we demonstrated that EAF was the most effective fraction in reducing cell viability and causing necroptosis in the MCF-7 cell.
Complexation of oxethazaine with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: increased drug solubility, decreased cytotoxicity and analgesia at inflamed tissues
Authors: Prado Andressa R , Yokaichiya Fabiano , Franco Margareth Kazuyo Kobayashi Dias , Morais Gonçalves da Silva Camila , Oliveira-Nascimento Laura , Franz-Montan Michelle , Volpato Maria C , Cabeça Luís F , de Paula Eneida 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Oxethazaine (OXZ) is one of the few local anaesthetics that provides analgesia at low pH, but presents poor solubility, cytotoxicity and no parenteral formulations. To address these issues, we aimed to prepare OXZ host-guest inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD).

Methods
The inclusion complex was formed by co-solubilization, followed by a job plot analysis to determine stoichiometry of complexation and dialysis equilibrium analysis (based on UV/VIS absorption and fluorescence profiles of OXZ). Complex formation was confirmed by phase-solubility data, X-ray, Scanning Electron Microscopy and DOSY-1H-NMR experiments. In vitro cytotoxicity was analysed by MTT test in 3T3 fibroblasts. In vivo analgesia was tested by Von Frey test (inflammatory wounds – rats).

Key findings
Oxethazaine complexed (1 : 1 molar ratio) with HP-β-CD, as indicated by loss of OZX crystalline structure (X-ray) and strong host: guest interaction (NMR, K = 198/m), besides increased solubility. In vitro cell survival improved with the complex (IC50 OXZ = 28.9 μm, OXZ : HP-β-CD = 57.8 μm). In addition, the complex (0.1% OXZ) promoted in vivo analgesia for the same time that 2% lidocaine/epinephrine did.

Conclusion
Our results show that complexation improved physicochemical and biological properties of OXZ, allowing its application to inflamed tissues by parenteral routes.
Nocturnal autonomic nervous system activity and morning proinflammatory cytokines in young adult African Americans
Authors: Bell Kimberly A. , Kobayashi Ihori , Chen Yuanxiu , Mellman Thomas A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryCompromised sleep and increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity are implicated in the pathogenesis of, and disparities in, cardiovascular disease. Parasympathetic dominance during sleep may be important for cardiovascular health. Sleep and autonomic balance influence immune activity, which impacts atherogenesis. We evaluated relationships between autonomic balance during sleep and morning levels of the immune activating cytokines, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)‐6. Ninety‐four (59 female) young adult African Americans without medical conditions and substance use disorders spent 2 consecutive nights in a clinical research unit for sleep recordings and blood drawing on awakening. Cardiac tracings from the second sleep recording were analysed for heart rate variability (HRV). Body mass index was the only non‐HRV measure correlated with cytokine levels. Indicators of SNS activity for the presleep, and first non‐rapid eye movement (REM) and REM sleep periods were correlated independently with morning IL‐6 levels. Altered autonomic balance during sleep may be a modifiable factor that influences immune activation.
The role of peginterferon in nucleos(t)ide‐analogue‐treated chronic hepatitis B patients: A review of published literature
Authors: Zhang W. , Xie Q. , Ning Q. , Dou X. , Chen X. , Jia J. , Xie Y. , Ren H. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryChronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) causes up to 1.0 million deaths annually. Currently, more than 90% of CHB patients worldwide are receiving indefinite nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy. New strategies for optimizing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss are required for NA‐treated patients as the majority are unable to achieve HBsAg loss and may require lifelong therapy. In hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive patients, switching from NAs to finite peginterferon (PegIFN) therapy can double HBeAg seroconversion rates. One in five patients who switch to PegIFN can achieve HBsAg loss, whereas patients who continue NA therapy typically do not. In HBeAg‐negative NA‐treated patients, add‐on PegIFN therapy achieves higher, albeit modest, HBsAg loss rates compared with continued NA monotherapy and offers the opportunity for NA‐treated patients to achieve the inactive carrier state. In the absence of curative therapies, PegIFN represents a valuable, finite option for NA‐treated patients who would otherwise require potentially lifelong therapy.
KIR2DL3 and the KIR ligand groups HLA‐A‐Bw4 and HLA‐C2 predict the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Di Bona D. , Aiello A. , Colomba C. , Bilancia M. , Accardi G. , Rubino R. , Giannitrapani L. , Tuttolomondo A. , Cascio A. , Caiaffa M. F. , Rizzo S. , Di Lorenzo G. , Candore G. , Duro G. , Macchia L. , Montalto G. , Caruso C. ,   KIRIIND (KIR Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases) Collaborative Group
Published: February 2017

SummaryKiller immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) regulate the activation of natural killer cells through their interaction with human leucocyte antigens (HLA). KIR and HLA loci are highly polymorphic, and certain HLA‐KIR combinations have been found to protect against viral infections. In this study, we analysed whether the KIR/HLA repertoire may influence the course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Fifty‐seven subjects with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 44 subjects with resolved HBV infection and 60 healthy uninfected controls (HC) were genotyped for KIR and their HLA ligands. The frequency of the HLA‐A‐Bw4 ligand group was higher in CHB (58%) than subjects with resolved infection (23%) (crude OR, 4.67; P<.001) and HC (10%) (crude OR, 12.38; P<.001). Similar results were obtained for the HLA‐C2 ligand group, more frequent in CHB (84%), than subjects with resolved infection (70%) (crude OR, 2.24; P<.10) and HC (60%) (crude OR, 3.56; P<.01). Conversely, the frequency of KIR2DL3 was lower in CHB (81%) than in subjects with resolved infection (98%) (crude OR, 0.10; P<.05). These results suggest a detrimental role of HLA‐A‐Bw4 and HLA‐C2 groups, which are associated with the development of CHB, and a protective role of KIR2DL3. A stepwise variable selection procedure, based on multiple logistic regression analysis, identified these three predictive variables as the most relevant, featuring high specificity (90.9%) and positive predictive value (87.5%) for the development of CHB. Our results suggest that a combination of KIR/HLA gene/alleles is able to predict the outcome of HBV infection.
A disease‐specific quality of life instrument for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: CLDQ‐NAFLD
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Stepanova Maria , Henry Linda , Racila Andrei , Lam Brian , Pham Huong T. , Hunt Sharon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis are the most common causes of chronic liver disease with known negative impact on patients’ health‐related quality of life. Our aim was to validate a disease‐specific health‐related quality of life instrument useful for efficacy trials involving patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis.MethodsFrom a long item selection questionnaire, we selected relevant items which, by factor analysis, were grouped into domains constituting Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire—Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease version. The developed instrument was subjected to internal validity, test‐retest reliability and construct validity assessment using standard methods.ResultsFor development of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire—Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease version instrument, a 75‐item‐long item selection questionnaire was administered to 25 patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. After item reduction, factor analysis found that 98.7% of variance in the remaining items would be explained by six factors. Thus, the resulting Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire—Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease version instrument had 36 items grouped into six domains: Abdominal Symptoms, Activity, Emotional, Fatigue, Systemic Symptoms, and Worry. The independent validation group included another 104 patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. The Cronbach's alphas of 0.74‐0.90 suggested good to excellent internal consistency of the domains. Furthermore, the presence of obesity and history of depression were discriminated best by Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire—Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease version scores (P<.05). The domains’ correlations with the most relevant domains of Short Form‐36 exceeded 0.70. Test‐retest reliability in a subgroup of patients (N=27) demonstrated no significant within‐patient variability with multiple administrations (all median differences were zero, all P>.15, intraclass correlations .76‐.88).ConclusionThe Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire—Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease version is a disease‐specific health‐related quality of life instrument developed and validated using an established methodology and useful for clinical trials of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.
In situ temperature response of photosynthesis of 42 tree and liana species in the canopy of two Panamanian lowland tropical forests with contrasting rainfall regimes
Authors: Slot Martijn , Winter Klaus 
Published: February 2017

Summary

Tropical forests contribute significantly to the global carbon cycle, but little is known about the temperature response of photosynthetic carbon uptake in tropical species, and how this varies within and across forests.

We determined in situ photosynthetic temperature–response curves for upper canopy leaves of 42 tree and liana species from two tropical forests in Panama with contrasting rainfall regimes. On the basis of seedling studies, we hypothesized that species with high photosynthetic capacity – light‐demanding, fast‐growing species – would have a higher temperature optimum of photosynthesis (TOpt) than species with low photosynthetic capacity – shade‐tolerant, slow‐growing species – and that, therefore, TOpt would scale with the position of a species on the slow–fast continuum of plant functional traits.

TOpt was remarkably similar across species, regardless of their photosynthetic capacity and other plant functional traits. Community‐average TOpt was almost identical to mean maximum daytime temperature, which was higher in the dry forest. Photosynthesis above TOpt appeared to be more strongly limited by stomatal conductance in the dry forest than in the wet forest.

The observation that all species in a community shared similar TOpt values suggests that photosynthetic performance is optimized under current temperature regimes. These results should facilitate the scaling up of photosynthesis in relation to temperature from leaf to stand level in species‐rich tropical forests.
Representation, archaeology and genealogy: Three “spatial metaphors” for inquiring into nursing phenomena with Foucauldian discourse analysis
Authors: Clinton Michael E. , Springer Rusla Anne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFoucault used the “Quadrilateral of Language” metaphor to describe how language functioned in what the French called the Classic Age, roughly 1650 to 1800, the period from Descartes to Kant. His purpose was to show how the functions of language changed radically with the arrival of the Modern Age (~1800). Foucault developed his archaeological methods to investigate the impact of this change, but later revised his methods to introduce genealogical strategies to conduct “histories of the present”. Our purpose in this paper is to clarify Foucault's thinking about ruptures in the functions of language and to show their implications for analyzing nursing discourse. Our account provides an overview of radical changes in both the functions of language and in Foucault's analytical methods. Drawing on Foucault's “Quadrilateral of Language”, his anthropological quadrilateral, and our spatialized conception of his genealogical methods, we critique advanced nursing practice (APN) discourse and invite others to inquire into nursing phenomena with spatialized thinking.
Constructing definitions of safety risks while nurses care for hospitalised older people: Secondary analysis of qualitative data
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Hall Wendy A. , Baumbusch Jennifer 
Published: February 2017

AimThe aim of this secondary qualitative descriptive analysis was to examine how nurses construct a definition of older peoples' safety risks and provide care while working within organisational contexts that are focused on diminishing patient risks.BackgroundNumbers of older patients are increasing in acute hospital contexts—contexts that place their focus on patient safety. Nurses need to manage tensions between older peoples' risks, evidence‐informed practice decisions, limited resources and organisational emphases on patient falls. To date, their practice dilemmas have not been well examined.DesignA secondary qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted using data that were collected between June 2010 and May 2011 to examine nursing practice with hospitalised older people.MethodsAll field notes and transcribed data were reviewed to generate themes representing 18 Registered Nurses' perceptions about safe care for hospitalised older people. The first author generated categories that described how nurses construct definitions of safety risks for older people. All authors engaged in an iterative analytic process that resulted in themes capturing nurses' efforts to provide care in limited resource environments while considering older peoples' safety risks.ResultsNurses constructed definitions of patient safety risks in the context of institutional directives. Nurses provided care using available resources as efficiently as possible and accessing co‐worker support. They also minimised the importance of older people's functional abilities by setting priorities for medically delegated tasks and immobilising their patients to reduce their risks.ConclusionsNurses' definitions of patient risk, which were shaped by impoverished institutional resources and nurses' lack of valuing of functional abilities, contributed to suboptimal care for older adults. Nurses' definitions of risk as physical injury reduced their attention to patients' functional abilities, which nurses reported suffered declines as a result.Implications for practiceLeaders need to examine how organisational emphases on particular areas of patient safety and resource constraints contribute to suboptimal care of older people. Nurses understanding of patient risk must incorporate older patients' functional abilities.