bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Computer Vision / Artificial Intelligence Locate Key Reference Points and Make Clinically Relevant Measurements on Axillary Radiographs?
Authors: Sheth Mihir M. , III Frederick A. Matsen , Hsu Jason E. , Xie Kunzhu , Peng Yuexiang , Wu Weincheng , Zheng Bolong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) offer the opportunity to rapidly and accurately interpret standardized x-rays. We trained and validated a machine learning tool that identified key reference points and determined glenoid retroversion and glenohumeral relationships on axillary radiographs.
Methods: Standardized pre and post arthroplasty axillary radiographs were manually annotated locating six reference points and used to train a computer vision model that could identify these reference points without human guidance. The model then used these reference points to determine humeroglenoid alignment in the anterior to posterior direction and glenoid version. The model’s accuracy was tested on a separate test set of axillary images not used in training, comparing its reference point locations, alignment and version to the corresponding values assessed by two surgeons.
Results: On the test set of pre- and post-operative images not used in the training process, the model was able to rapidly identify all six reference point locations to within a mean of 2 mm of the surgeon-assessed points. The mean variation in alignment and version measurements between the surgeon assessors and the model was similar to the variation between the two surgeon assessors.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first reported development and validation of a computer vision/artificial intelligence model that could independently identify key landmarks and determine the glenohumeral relationship and glenoid version on axillary radiographs. This observer-independent approach has the potential to enable efficient human observer independent assessment of shoulder radiographs, lessening the burden of manual x-ray interpretation and enabling scaling of these measurements across large numbers of patients from multiple centers so that pre and postoperative anatomy can be correlated with patient reported clinical outcomes.
Level of Evidence: Level III Study of Diagnostic Test
Large-scale segmentation model facilitates intraoperative histopathology by third harmonic generation microscopy
Authors: Zhang Zhiqing , Wu Yuchen , Spies Sylvia , Wesseling Pieter , Groot Marie Louise 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Histopathological assessment is the corner stone for tumor diagnosis in the clinic, but it is in its optimal form (using paraffin-embedded sections) not readily available during surgery. The intraoperative alternative, frozen section analysis, also takes about 30 minutes. Label-free third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy shows great potential to fill this gap, by providing tissue information of histopathological quality instantly. Compact THG imaging devices have been developed and are tested at clinical sites, however, one major issue remaining is the lack of robust image quantification methods. Developing such methods is challenged by limited data resource and the need for high model generalization capability. Here, we present 1) an image generation model based on diffusion bridge to convert histological images to THG images, overcoming the issue of limited THG data, and 2) the first large-scale foundation model Cell-SAM for quantification of key tumor elements present in THG images, with few-shot generalization capability. Cell-SAM provides two complementary modes. The boxes-prompted SAM mode, boosted by a developed object detection model whose backbone is pre-trained by a designed unsupervised strategy, can not only segment, classify and separate cells, but also produce large scale data for fine-tuning SAM. The fine-tuned SAM mode can directly segment blood vessels and all cells regardless of cell types, with improved accuracy. These two modes of Cell-SAM enable segmentation of normal cells, tumor cells, immune cells and blood vessels. We validate the models on data obtained from various CNS tumor types and lymphomas, collected with a portable THG imaging device in the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, achieving a segmentation accuracy of higher than 98%. Statistical analysis of cell density and vascular density further suggests the potential of THG imaging for tumor typing. Combined with the short imaging time of THG, we conclude that the combination of Cell-SAM and compact THG imaging provides a unique approach for ‘instant pathology’ intraoperatively.
The Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) like transcript-1 (TLT-1) in left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ding Bing , Ma ChangSheng , He Linyan , Zou Cao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells(TREM) like transcript-1 (TLT-1) is present in megakaryocytes and platelets. We assessed levels of membrane and soluble TLT-1 in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) to confirm the role of TLT-1 left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC) in atrial fibrillation.
Methods
A total of 113 NVAF patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were enrolled and divided into non LASEC group (n = 78) and LASEC group (n = 35). Patients with supraventricular tachycardia and health examinees were served as control (n = 50).TLT-1 and soluble TLT-1 levels of all subjects were determined using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. The risk factors for LASEC were assessed by logistic regression analyses.
Results
Expressions of TLT-1 and plasma sTLT-1 in platelet and plasma were increased in LASEC group, compared to non LASEC group. At receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, TLT-1 and sTLT-1 significantly predicted the risk of LASEC (AUC, 0.708, 0.662).Multivariate logistic regression model showed that N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and TLT-1 were independently associated with LASEC (1.00 (1.00–1.00), p = 0.004; 2.74 (1.05–7.11), p = 0.039).
Conclusion
Aberrant high expression of TLT-1 and NT-proBNP indicated the presence of LASEC in AF patients. TLT-1 could be a new useful predictor of LASEC in NVAF.
A 7 years old boy with central vein thrombosis in favor of multisystem inflammatory syndrome: case report
Authors: habibi parinaz , amirikar farinaz , mobayen golnaz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: The term "multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" has been known from the beginning of corona virus pandemic that it refers to systemic inflammation with multisystem involvement. Neurological damage in patients with MISC in various clinical forms has been mentioned in several reports. One of these features is thrombus formation in the central venous sinus; which can be accompanied by complications. It is one of less common complication of MISC that was mentioned before in reports.
Case presentation: Here is a 7-year-old male patient with multisystem inflammatory syndrome diagnosis that leads to CNS hemorrhage secondary to CVST. He had loss of consciousness with seizure and suffered from paralysis of the left cranial six nerve and necrotizing pneumonia. He got anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic treatment and surgery for lung. He completely recovered after 3 month.
Conclusion: This patient has a unique form of MISC complication with CNS sequel followed central sinus vein thrombosis and prolonged time of recovery with complete resolution of symptoms that reminds the importance of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children again.
Electrochemical Selenylation of Tyrosine Oligopeptides: A Novel Route to Benzo[b]furan-Functionalized Peptides
Authors: Ruan Zhixiong , Hu Xinwei , Zeng Yong , Diao Han , Ma Jiongdong , Jin Chengzhi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Benzo[b]furans are significant scaffolds in drug molecules and are prevalent structural components in natural products. Chemically encoded non-natural peptidomimetics have a substantial impact on pharmaceuticals by offering enhanced stability, improved cell permeability, and resistance to enzymatic degradation. Consequently, a strategy for the sustainable assembly of benzo[b]furan peptides through the electrochemical late-stage modification of tyrosine-derived peptides is proposed. This approach facilitates the multifunctional integration of various natural amino acids with tyrosine, as well as their subsequent functionalization. Notably, the resulting peptides exhibit favorable properties regarding biocompatibility and cellular uptake.
Assessing Dermal Exposure to Organochlorine Pesticides in Different Populations of a Prototypical Agricultural City in South China
Authors: Guo Jian , Luo Xiaojun , Zeng Yanhong , Mai Bixian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants have been widely detected in the environment and pose a substantial threat to human health. However, few studies have directly investigated exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) through skin contact. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate dermal exposure to OCPs in different populations in a typical agricultural city in South China. Skin wipe samples were collected from the faces, hands, forearms, and shanks of 120 volunteers (50% male and 50% female) across various age groups. All ten target OCPs were detected in the samples, with concentrations ranging from non-detectable (ND) to 7200 ng/m2. The concentration of OCPs displayed a consistent pattern of face > hand > forearm > shank regardless of age or sex. Daily average doses of dermal ingestion (DADderm) and hand-to-mouth contact ingestion (DADoral) ranged from ND to 68 ng/kg/d and from ND to 7.8 ng/kg/d, respectively. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was the primary contributor, accounting for 68% of the DADderm and 91% of the DADoral. No significant age- or sex-based differences were observed in DADderm, but DADoral showed significant variation, being markedly higher in preschoolers than in other age groups and higher in females than in males. Carcinogenic risks associated with OCP dermal exposure ranged from ND to 2.4 × 10− 5, with older adults facing the highest risk and females having significantly higher risk than males.
A feature-extraction localization algorithm research for teaching-free automated robotic welding based on 3D point cloud​​
Authors: Li Yiheng , Xu Yanling , Wang Xinghua , Ma Xiaoyang , Wang Qiang , Zhang Huajun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The issue of deviations between the virtual environment and actual working conditions in offline programming for robotic welding hinders effective practical application. Aiming at this problem, this paper researches a technology of feature-extraction localization for teaching-free automated robotic welding based on 3D vision sensing system. To begin, 3D vision sensors capture the actual workpiece’s point cloud for registering it with the standard 3D digital model or extracting the mathematical model of welds. Following this, result of the registration or extraction can correct the offline programming trajectory to obtain the actual one on the workpiece. The key technologies primarily include the 3D reconstruction of the workpiece, initial localization of point cloud registration based on FPFH-RANSAC-ICP algorithm, and welding seam localization based on point cloud segmentation and feature extraction. Finally, the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm are verified on the T-pipe, triplanar fillet and V-groove butt weld.
Stroke survivors’ health priorities and targeted interventions in home-based post-discharge rehabilitation
Authors: Tao Xingjuan , Bayuo Jonathan , Li Haiyan , Wang Shao Ling , Chun Chun Ki , Zhu Xuejiao , Wu Lijie , Zhang Yan , Wong Frances Kam Yuet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to describe health problems of the stroke survivors and the corresponding nursing interventions implemented during 12-week home-based post-discharge rehabilitation.
Methods
This was a descriptive secondary analysis within the context of a randomized controlled trial. Randomly selected raw audio recordings of follow-up calls between nurses and stroke survivors in a home-based post-discharge rehabilitation program were used to assess the intervention characteristics. The research protocol and the Omaha System was adopted to guide the analysis of health needs and nursing practice.
Results
A total of 459 minutes of audio-recordings from eighty-nine telephone contacts with fifteen participants were analyzed, revealing 22 of the 42 Omaha System health problems across all four domains. The most prevalent issues were “Neuro-musculo-skeletal function” (21.2%), “Circulation” (14.6%), and “Nutrition” (10.6%). The four interventions categories were fully implemented with “Surveillance” being the primary approach (54.6%), followed by “Teaching, Guidance, and Counseling” (35.6%). “Case Management” was crucial for "Health care supervision," and “Treatments and Procedures” were frequently applied to "Neuro-musculo-skeletal function" and "Speech and language" problems. Intervention targets varied significantly across different problem-category matches.
Conclusions
The Omaha System facilitates the precise identification of critical health issues among stroke survivors during post-discharge home rehabilitation, and enables targeted nursing interventions in addressing the problems. Surveillance and educational strategies are particular vital for rehabilitation support. There is a potential to build a structured care model using information technology that can facilitate the delivery of comprehensive and standardized quality nursing care to ensure the optimal rehabilitation of stroke patients.
Trial registration
The study was registered as a randomized controlled trial in ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration Date: 2019-3-21, Registration Number: NCT03884621.
Sequential quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and K-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) and overall survival after allogeneic HSCT
Authors: Duarte Rafael , de Miguel Carlos , Alonso Rosalía , Bautista Guiomar , Espinosa-Hevia Luis , Martínez-Muñoz María E. , Núñez Lucía , Salcedo Isabel , Briansò Ferran , Manchado-Perdiguero Carlos , Sánchez-Peral Ali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The use of TRECs/KRECs in allogeneic HSCT (alloHSCT) has been limited by a lack of standard technical platforms to allow comparison and validation of results between centres. We quantified absolute TRECs/KRECs on sequential samples collected prospectively (pretransplant, 1, 3, 6 and 12-months posttransplant) in 374 alloHSCT for haematological malignancies using LightCycler 480/TREC-KREC-ACTB (Roche Diagnostics). Following prompt decrease after transplant, KRECs recover as soon as 3 months posttransplant, while TRECs recovery takes up to 1 year (p < 0.001). KRECs do not associate with outcomes. However, higher pretransplant TRECs strongly associate with reduced NRM and increased OS, and remain independent in multivariate analysis (HR 0.37, p = 0.001, and HR 0.51, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, faster TRECs recovery measured sequentially at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after alloHSCT associates with better OS. Furthermore, landmark analyses showed that early survivors with higher TRECs levels at 6 and 12 months after alloHSCT had significantly better subsequent long-term survival, independent from GVHD and other clinical factors in multivariate analysis (HR 0.33, p = 0.016 and HR 0.13, p < 0.001, respectively). TRECs levels pretransplant and at 6 and 12 months posttransplant provide novel biomarker measurable data that associate with alloHSCT long-term outcomes. Multicentre, prospective validation of these results is warranted.
Early prognosis of patients with sepsis-related acute kidney injury receiving continuous renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit
Authors: Tian Jing , Zhang Jiayue , Xu Hongyang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and their risk factors for mortality.
Methods This was a single-centre, retrospective, observational study that included 108 patients who underwent CRRT between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022 in the intensive care unit (ICU) of The Affiliated Wuxi People' s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The patients were divided into the SI-AKI group and the Non-SI-AKI group, and the 30-day prognosis of the two groups was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and the associated risk factors for death were investigated using multifactorial COX regression analysis.
Results Compared with the non-SI-AKI group, SI-AKI patients were older [72 (60, 78) vs. 60 (51, 70) years, P = 0.003], with higher SOFA score [9.0 (7.0, 10.0) vs. 6.0 (5.0, 7.0), P < 0.001] and APACHE II score [12.0 (10.0, 16.0) vs. 8.0 (7.0, 10.0), P < 0.001] were higher. During CRRT, patients with SI-AKI required mechanical ventilation for a longer period of time [11 (4, 23) days vs. 4 (1, 9) days, P < 0.001] and had a higher rate of extubation failure [21 (35.59%) vs. 7 (14.29%), P = 0.012]. In addition, patients with SI-AKI had worse 30-day outcomes and had lactate levels [HR 1.133, 95%CI 0.908, 1.415, P = 0.009] and extubation failures [HR 1.014, 95%CI 1.002, 1.090, P < 0.001] as risk factors for developing 30-day mortality.
Conclusions The early prognosis of SI-AKI patients treated with CRRT does not appear to be favorable, which may be related to the severity of the patient's disease. Lactate levels and the occurrence of failed extubation can increase the risk of 30-day mortality.
Does the Type of Infertility Affect Varicocelectomy Efficacy?
Authors: Shomarufov Azizbek , Abbosov Shukhrat , Khudaybergenov Ulugbek , Kasimov Safojon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
The aim of the study was to compare varicocelectomy efficacy in men with primary (PI) and secondary infertility (SI).
Materials and methods:
Men suffering from PI (n=22) and SI (n=28) and having varicocelectomy in the period of from January 2021 to December 2022 at Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Urology were included in the study. Semen parameters before and after varicocelectomy were analyzed according to WHO 2010 Manual.
Results:
Analysis revealed that the mean age of patients of the group I was significantly lower (p <0.001) and duration of infertility was accurately shorter (p <0.01) than those of group II. Main semen parameters increased significantly in group I (e.g., sperm concentration increased by 50%, from 62,2±8,7 to 93,5±10,0 M/ml and total motile sperm count increased by 113%, from 76,7±17,1 to 163,4±27,8 M p<0.05), while in group II only % of progressive motile sperm increased significantly (by 107%, from 13,5±2,6 to 28,0±5,2% p<0.05). We identified significant difference in varicocelectomy efficacy between group I and group II in change of total motile sperm count (by 113% vs. 74% respectively, p<0.01). We also revealed discrepancy between groups in correlation ratio (r) between initial and post-surgical % of progressive motile sperm.
Conclusions:
The mean age and duration of infertility of patients with SI was greater and longer respectively than those of in patients with PI. Varicocelectomy resulted in significant improvement of main semen parameters in patients with PI. In patients with SI varicocelectomy resulted in significant improvement of only % of progressive motile sperm. Advanced paternal age and long infertility duration may affect negatively varicocelectomy efficacy.
Construction and Bioinformatics Analysis of the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Liver regeneration in rats
Authors: Hu Hanqing , Zheng Xin , Tian Guodong , Tang Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive malignant tumors. Partial hepatectomy (PHx) is currently the primary treatment for HCC, but many patients suffer from poor liver reserve function and insufficient remaining liver volume, limiting the liver's regenerative capacity. Therefore, this study aims to explore the mechanisms of miRNA and mRNA in liver regeneration through high-throughput sequencing.
Methods:
A rat model of 70% hepatectomy was used, and physiological indicators related to liver regeneration were assessed on days 3, 7, and 14 post-surgery. Small RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis were conducted to evaluate the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles at different stages of regeneration. Bioinformatics tools were used to identify differentially expressed genes, construct miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, to identify key regulatory molecules.
Results:
The rat liver regeneration model was successfully established, and the body weight and liver regeneration rate data on days 3, 7, and 14 indicated a smooth regeneration process. Small RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis identified 395 known miRNAs and 299 precursor miRNAs. Differential expression analysis revealed dynamic expression patterns of multiple miRNAs and mRNAs during liver regeneration. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network showed interactions between 17 differentially expressed miRNAs and 31 differentially expressed mRNAs involved in liver regeneration.
Conclusion:
This study, through small RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis, revealed key regulatory roles of miRNAs in various signaling pathways during liver regeneration. The constructed miRNA-mRNA regulatory network further elucidates the molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration. The results demonstrate the complex regulatory roles of miRNAs in promoting hepatocyte proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and regulating multiple key signaling pathways, providing new insights into the understanding of liver regeneration mechanisms.