bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription of renin–angiotensin system blockers and risk of acute kidney injury: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Mansfield Kathryn E , Nitsch Dorothea , Smeeth Liam , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Tomlinson Laurie A 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate whether there is an association between use of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).Study designWe conducted a new-user cohort study of the rate of AKI among users of common antihypertensives.SettingUK primary care practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) eligible for linkage to hospital records data from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database between April 1997 and March 2014.ParticipantsNew users of antihypertensives: ACEI/ARB, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics.OutcomesThe outcome was first episode of AKI. We estimated incidence rate ratio (RR) for AKI during time exposed to ACEI/ARB compared to time unexposed, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, use of other antihypertensive drugs and calendar period using Poisson regression. Covariates were time updated.ResultsAmong 570 445 participants, 303 761 were prescribed ACEI/ARB with a mean follow-up of 4.1 years. The adjusted RR of AKI during time exposed to ACEI/ARB compared to time unexposed was 1.12 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.17). This relative risk varied depending on absolute risk of AKI, with lower or no increased relative risk from the drugs among those at greatest absolute risk. For example, among people with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (who had 6.69 (95% CI 5.57 to 8.03) times higher rate of AKI compared to those without chronic kidney disease), the adjusted RR of AKI during time exposed to ACEI/ARB compared to time unexposed was 0.66 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.97) in contrast to 1.17 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.25) among people without chronic kidney disease.ConclusionsTreatment with ACEI/ARB is associated with only a small increase in AKI risk while individual patient characteristics are much more strongly associated with the rate of AKI. The degree of increased risk varies between patient groups.
Maternal Malaria and Malnutrition (M3) initiative, a pooled birth cohort of 13 pregnancy studies in Africa and the Western Pacific
Authors: Unger Holger W , Cates Jordan E , Gutman Julie , Briand Valerie , Fievet Nadine , Valea Innocent , Tinto Halidou , d'Alessandro Umberto , Landis Sarah H , Adu-Afarwuah Seth , Dewey Kathryn G , Ter Kuile Feiko , Dellicour Stephanie , Ouma Peter , Slutsker Laurence , Terlouw Dianne J , Kariuki Simon , Ayisi John , Nahlen Bernard , Desai Meghna , Madanitsa Mwayi , Kalilani-Phiri Linda , Ashorn Per , Maleta Kenneth , Mueller Ivo , Stanisic Danielle , Schmiegelow Christentze , Lusingu John , Westreich Daniel , van Eijk Anna Maria , Meshnick Steven , Rogerson Stephen 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe Maternal Malaria and Malnutrition (M3) initiative has pooled together 13 studies with the hope of improving understanding of malaria–nutrition interactions during pregnancy and to foster collaboration between nutritionists and malariologists.ParticipantsData were pooled on 14 635 singleton, live birth pregnancies from women who had participated in 1 of 13 pregnancy studies. The 13 studies cover 8 countries in Africa and Papua New Guinea in the Western Pacific conducted from 1996 to 2015.Findings to dateData are available at the time of antenatal enrolment of women into their respective parent study and at delivery. The data set comprises essential data such as malaria infection status, anthropometric assessments of maternal nutritional status, presence of anaemia and birth weight, as well as additional variables such gestational age at delivery for a subset of women. Participating studies are described in detail with regard to setting and primary outcome measures, and summarised data are available from each contributing cohort.Future plansThis pooled birth cohort is the largest pregnancy data set to date to permit a more definite evaluation of the impact of plausible interactions between poor nutritional status and malaria infection in pregnant women on fetal growth and gestational length. Given the current comparative lack of large pregnancy cohorts in malaria-endemic settings, compilation of suitable pregnancy cohorts is likely to provide adequate statistical power to assess malaria–nutrition interactions, and could point towards settings where such interactions are most relevant. The M3 cohort may thus help to identify pregnant women at high risk of adverse outcomes who may benefit from tailored intensive antenatal care including nutritional supplements and alternative or intensified malaria prevention regimens, and the settings in which these interventions would be most effective.
Protocol for a multicentre study to assess feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness and direct costs of TRIumPH (Treatment and Recovery In PsycHosis): integrated care pathway for psychosis
Authors: Rathod Shanaya , Garner Christie , Griffiths Alison , Dimitrov Borislav D , Newman-Taylor Katherine , Woodfine Chris , Hansen Lars , Tabraham Paul , Ward Karen , Asher Carolyn , Phiri Peter , Naeem Farooq , North Pippa , Munshi Tariq , Kingdon David 
Published: December 2016

IntroductionDuration of untreated psychosis (time between the onset of symptoms and start of treatment) is considered the strongest predictor of symptom severity and outcome. Integrated care pathways that prescribe timeframes around access and interventions can potentially improve quality of care.Methods and analysisA multicentre mixed methods study to assess feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness and analysis of direct costs of an integrated care pathway for psychosis. A pragmatic, non-randomised, controlled trial design is used to compare the impact of Treatment and Recovery In PsycHosis (TRIumPH; Intervention) by comparison between NHS organisations that adopt TRIumPH and those that continue with care as usual (Control). Quantitative and qualitative methods will be used. We will use routinely collected quantitative data and study-specific questionnaires and focus groups to compare service user outcomes, satisfaction and adherence to intervention between sites that adopt TRIumPH versus sites that continue with usual care pathways.Setting4 UK Mental health organisations. Two will implement TRIumPH whereas two will continue care as usual.ParticipantsStaff, carers, individuals accepted to early intervention in psychosis teams in participating organisations for the study period.InterventionTRIumPH—Integrated Care Pathway for psychosis that has a holistic approach and prescribes time frames against interventions; developed using intelligence from data; co-produced with patients, carers, clinicians and other stakeholders.OutcomesFeasibility will be assessed through adherence to the process measures. Satisfaction and acceptability will be assessed using questionnaires and focus groups. Effectiveness will be assessed through data collection and evaluation of patient outcomes, including clinical, functional and recovery outcomes, physical health, acute care use. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 months to measure whether there is an effect and if so, whether this is sustained over time. Outcomes measures at the adopter sites will be compared to their own baseline and against comparator sites.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from East of Scotland Research Ethics Service (REC Ref no: LR/15/ES/0091). The results will be disseminated through publications, conference presentations, reports to the organisation.Study registrationUK Clinical Research Network Portfolio: 19187.
PubMed search filters for the study of putative outdoor air pollution determinants of disease
Authors: Curti Stefania , Gori Davide , Di Gregori Valentina , Farioli Andrea , Baldasseroni Alberto , Fantini Maria Pia , Christiani David C , Violante Francesco S , Mattioli Stefano 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesSeveral PubMed search filters have been developed in contexts other than environmental. We aimed at identifying efficient PubMed search filters for the study of environmental determinants of diseases related to outdoor air pollution.MethodsWe compiled a list of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH terms seeming pertinent to outdoor air pollutants exposure as determinants of diseases in the general population. We estimated proportions of potentially pertinent articles to formulate two filters (one ‘more specific’, one ‘more sensitive’). Their overall performance was evaluated as compared with our gold standard derived from systematic reviews on diseases potentially related to outdoor air pollution. We tested these filters in the study of three diseases potentially associated with outdoor air pollution and calculated the number of needed to read (NNR) abstracts to identify one potentially pertinent article in the context of these diseases. Last searches were run in January 2016.ResultsThe ‘more specific’ filter was based on the combination of terms that yielded a threshold of potentially pertinent articles ≥40%. The ‘more sensitive’ filter was based on the combination of all search terms under study. When compared with the gold standard, the ‘more specific’ filter reported the highest specificity (67.4%; with a sensitivity of 82.5%), while the ‘more sensitive’ one reported the highest sensitivity (98.5%; with a specificity of 47.9%). The NNR to find one potentially pertinent article was 1.9 for the ‘more specific’ filter and 3.3 for the ‘more sensitive’ one.ConclusionsThe proposed search filters could help healthcare professionals investigate environmental determinants of medical conditions that could be potentially related to outdoor air pollution.
Commissioning care for people with dementia at the end of life: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Gotts Zoe M , Baur Nicole , McLellan Emma , Goodman Claire , Robinson Louise , Lee Richard P 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo understand how end-of-life (EoL) care for people with dementia is currently commissioned (ie, contracted) and organised, with a view to informing the development of commissioning guidance for good-quality community-based EoL care in dementia.DesignMixed-methods study; narrative review and qualitative interviews.Setting8 National Health Service (NHS) clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) and five adult services across England.MethodsNarrative review of evidence; 20 semistructured interviews (telephone and face-to-face) with professionals involved in commissioning EoL care for people with dementia.Main outcome measuresSummary of the existing evidence base for commissioning, commissioners' approaches to the commissioning process for EoL care for people with dementia in England.Results:In the context of commissioning EoL for people with dementia, the literature review generated three key themes: (1) importance of joint commissioning; (2) lack of clarity for the process and (3) factors influencing commissioning. In exploring health professionals' perceptions of the commissioning process, ‘uncertainty’ was elicited as an overarching theme across the CCGs interviewed. Organisation of the process, lack of expertise, issues surrounding integration and the art of specification were considered important factors that contribute to the uncertainty surrounding the commissioning process.ConclusionsThe current evidence base for commissioning EoL care is limited with considerable uncertainty as how clinical commissioners in England undertake the process to ensure future services are evidence-based.
Clinical impact of lifestyle interventions for the prevention of diabetes: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Howells Lara , Musaddaq Besma , McKay Ailsa J , Majeed Azeem 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo review the clinical outcomes of combined diet and physical activity interventions for populations at high risk of type 2 diabetes.DesignOverview of systematic reviews (search dates April–December 2015).SettingAny level of care; no geographical restriction.ParticipantsAdults at high risk of diabetes (as per measures of glycaemia, risk assessment or presence of risk factors).InterventionsCombined diet and physical activity interventions including ≥2 interactions with a healthcare professional, and ≥12 months follow-up.Outcome measuresPrimary: glycaemia, diabetes incidence. Secondary: behaviour change, measures of adiposity, vascular disease and mortality.Results19 recent reviews were identified for inclusion; 5 with AMSTAR scores <8. Most considered only randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and RCTs were the major data source in the remainder. Five trials were included in most reviews. Almost all analyses reported that interventions were associated with net reductions in diabetes incidence, measures of glycaemia and adiposity, at follow-up durations of up to 23 years (typically <6). Small effect sizes and potentially transient effect were reported in some studies, and some reviewers noted that durability of intervention impact was potentially sensitive to duration of intervention and adherence to behaviour change. Behaviour change, vascular disease and mortality outcome data were infrequently reported, and evidence of the impact of intervention on these outcomes was minimal. Evidence for age effect was mixed, and sex and ethnicity effect were little considered.ConclusionsRelatively long-duration lifestyle interventions can limit or delay progression to diabetes under trial conditions. However, outcomes from more time-limited interventions, and those applied in routine clinical settings, appear more variable, in keeping with the findings of recent pragmatic trials. There is little evidence of intervention impact on vascular outcomes or mortality end points in any context. ‘Real-world’ implementation of lifestyle interventions for diabetes prevention may be expected to lead to modest outcomes.
Cost-effectiveness of Early Surgery versus Conservative Treatment with Optional Delayed Meniscectomy for Patients over 45 years with non-obstructive meniscal tears (ESCAPE study): protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: van de Graaf Victor A , Scholtes Vanessa A B , Wolterbeek Nienke , Noorduyn Julia C A , Neeter Camille , van Tulder Maurits W , Saris Daniël B F , de Gast Arthur , Poolman Rudolf W 
Published: December 2016

IntroductionRecent studies show similar outcome between surgery and conservative treatment in patients with non-obstructive meniscal tears. However, surgery is still often preferred over conservative treatment. When conservative treatment is non-inferior to surgery, shifting the current standard treatment choice to conservative treatment alone could save over €30 millions of direct medical costs on an annual basis. Economic evaluation studies comparing surgery to conservative treatment are lacking.Methods and analysisA multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) with an economic evaluation alongside was performed to assess the (cost)-effectiveness of surgery and conservative treatment for meniscal tears. We will include 402 participants between 45 and 70 years with an MRI-confirmed symptomatic, non-obstructive meniscal tears to prove non-inferiority of conservative treatment. Block randomisation will be web-based. The primary outcome measure is a physical function, measured by the International Knee Documentation Committee ‘Subjective Knee Form’. Furthermore, we will perform a cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis from societal perspective and a budget impact analysis from a societal, government and insurer perspective. Secondary outcomes include general health, quality of life, activity level, knee pain, physical examination, progression of osteoarthritis and the occurrence of adverse events.Ethics and disseminationThis RCT will be performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the Ethics Committee (number NL44188.100.13). The results of this study will be reported in peer-reviewed journals and at international conferences. We further aim to disseminate our results to guideline committees.Trial registration numberNCT01850719.
Identifying a core set of outcome domains to measure in clinical trials for shoulder disorders: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Page Matthew J , Huang Hsiaomin , Verhagen Arianne P , Buchbinder Rachelle , Gagnier Joel J 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo achieve consensus on the most important outcome domains to measure across all clinical trials for shoulder disorders.MethodsWe performed an online modified Delphi study with an international, multidisciplinary and multistakeholder panel. A literature review and the OMERACT Filter 2.0 framework was used to generate a list of potential core domains, which were presented to patients, clinicians and researchers in two Delphi rounds. Participants were asked to judge the importance of each potential core domain and provide a rationale for their response. A core domain was defined a priori as a domain that at least 67% of participants considered core.ResultsIn both rounds, 335 individuals were invited to participate (268 clinicians/researchers and 67 patients); response rates were 27% (n=91) and 29% (n=96), respectively. From a list of 41 potential core domains, four domains met our criteria for inclusion: ‘pain’, ‘physical functioning’, ‘global assessment of treatment success’ and ‘health-related quality of life’. Two additional domains, ‘sleep functioning’ and ‘psychological functioning’, met the criteria for inclusion by some, but not all stakeholder groups. There was consensus that ‘number of deaths’ was not a core domain, but insufficient agreement on whether or not several other domains, including ‘range of motion’ and ‘muscle strength’, were core domains.ConclusionsBased on international consensus from patients, clinicians and researchers, ‘pain’, ‘physical functioning’, ‘global assessment of treatment success’ and ‘health-related quality of life’ were considered core outcome domains for shoulder disorder trials. The value of several other domains needs further consideration.
Thermodynamic properties of black holes in de Sitter space
Authors: Li Huai-Fan , Ma Meng-Sen , Ma Ya-Qin 
Published: December 2016

We study the thermodynamic properties of Schwarzschild–de Sitter (SdS) black hole and Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter (RNdS) black hole in view of global and effective thermodynamic quantities. Making use of the effective first law of thermodynamics, we can derive the effective thermodynamic quantities of de Sitter black holes. It is found that these effective thermodynamic quantities also satisfy Smarr-like formula. Especially, the effective temperatures are nonzero in the Nariai limit. By calculating heat capacity and Gibbs free energy, we find SdS black hole is always thermodynamically stable and RNdS black hole may undergoes phase transition at some points.
Diagenetic controls on the location of reservoir sweet spots relative to palaeotopographical and structural highs
Authors: Poteet Jessica E. , Goldstein Robert H. , Franseen Evan K. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Many carbonate reservoirs are located on top, or down the flanks, of extant structural highs or syndepositional palaeo-highs. This study examines diagenesis in Pennsylvanian oolitic reservoirs close to the crest and down the flank of a long-lived anticline. It illustrates that the position of the best reservoir quality shifted back and forth during successive diagenetic events. Cement stratigraphy shows that early diagenesis did not enhance reservoir character significantly. Most oomoldic porosity formed penecontemporaneously with compaction. Fluid-inclusion and stable isotope data indicate that late cements precipitated during burial conditions by refluxing brines and later hydrothermal fluids. After initial burial, greater permeability existed downdip, where smaller amounts of early meteoric cement allowed for compaction. Subsequent reflux cementation initially degraded downdip reservoirs preferentially and then progressed updip, resulting in relatively uniform reservoir porosity. Later hydrothermal events are most important in affecting the distribution of the highest quality present-day reservoir. Highest porosity is preserved in wells down the flanks of the structure, where hydrothermal cements are not as prevalent. Understanding the effect of diagenesis on location of the best reservoir in relation to palaeotopographical and structural highs allows for the prediction of reservoir quality using seismic and mapping data typically available in the subsurface.
Origin and evolution of microporosity in packstones and grainstones in a Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Morad Daniel , Paganoni Matteo , Al Harthi Amena , Morad Sadoon , Ceriani Andrea , Mansurbeg Howri , Al Suwaidi Aisha , Al-Aasm Ihsan S. , Ehrenberg Stephen N. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Microporosity in carbonate reservoirs is generated by the complex interplay between depositional and diagenetic processes. This petrographical, SEM, fluid-inclusion and isotopic study of a Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir, Abu Dhabi, UAE, revealed that: (1) micritization of ooids and skeletal fragments, which resulted in spheroidal (rounded) micrite, accounts for most microporosity in peloidal packstones and grainstones; and (2) transformation of spheroidal micrite into subhedral/euhedral micrite and microspar, known as aggrading neomorphism, could happen via precipitation of syntaxial calcite overgrowths around micrite (micro-overgrowths) and not only, as suggested previously in the literature, by recrystallization involving the dissolution (of micrite) and reprecipitation (of microspar). Precipitation of calcite cement around micrite (i.e. destruction of microporosity) is more extensive in the water zone than in the oil zone, which is possibly contributing to the lower porosity and permeability of the carbonate reservoir in the water zone. Similarity in bulk oxygen isotopic values of micritized packstones and grainstones in the water and oil zones (average δ
18
O
V-PDB
= −7.2‰ and −7.8‰, respectively) is attributed to: (1) a small difference in temperatures between the crest (oil zone) and the flanks (water zone); and (2) calcite precipitation around micrite occurred prior and subsequent to oil emplacement. Bulk carbon and strontium isotopic compositions of micritized packstones and grainstones in the water and oil zones (average δ
13
C
V-PDB
= +3.7‰ and average
87
Sr/
86
Sr ratios = 0.707469) indicate that calcite cement was derived from marine porewaters and/or dissolution of the host limestones. The minimum formation temperatures of bulk micrite/microspar, which are inferred based on paragenetic relationships, fluid-inclusion microthermometry and oxygen isotope data, are around 58–78°C.
Demo hour
Authors: Suzuki Ippei , Yoshimitsu Shuntarou , Kawahara Keisuke , Ito Nobutaka , Shinoda Atushi , Ishii Akira , Yoshida Takatoshi , Ochiai Yoichi , Yamada Wataru , Hiroyuki Manabe , Choi Inrak , Hawkes Elliot W. , Christensen David L. , Ploch Christopher J. , Follmer Sean , Glauser Oliver , Vartok Benedek , Ma Wan-Chun , Panozzo Daniele , Jacobson Alec , Hilliges Otmar , Sorkine-Hornung Olga 
Published: December 2016

The ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) is the premier forum for innovations in human-computer interfaces. The Symposium brings together people from diverse areas including tangible and ubiquitous computing, virtual and augmented reality, graphical and Web user interfaces, new input and output devices, and many other aspects of interactive systems. The intimate size and intensive program make UIST an ideal opportunity to exchange research results and ideas. We've selected four demos that we feel best exemplify the spirit of creativity and technology at UIST.
Chris Harrison and Yuta Sugiura, UIST 2016 Demo Committee Chairs