bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity, functional properties and bioaccessibility of whey protein hydrolysates
Authors: Embiriekah Salem , Bulatović Maja , Borić Milka , Zarić Danica , Rakin Marica 
Published: June 2017

The main objective of this study was to produce the functionally improved whey protein hydrolysate with high bioaccessible antioxidant activity. The hydrolysate with highest antioxidant activity, mainly composed of hydrophilic antioxidant peptides and suitable for preventing oxidation in polar food matrices, was produced by tryptic hydrolysis conducted at 37 °C and an enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio of 0.5%. The hydrolysate exerted significantly improved antioxidant activity (80.0%), digestibility (95.9%) and bioaccessibility (124.6%) compared to the native whey proteins (32.1%, 87.1% and 106.3%, respectively) as widely used food supplement. The high bioaccessibility indicates the preservation of hydrolysate bioactivity during the process of gastrointestinal digestion, as a particular challenge in its application.
Moving beyond input legitimacy: When do democratic innovations affect policy making?
Authors: POGREBINSCHI THAMY , RYAN MATT 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article makes three key contributions to debates surrounding the effectiveness of democratic innovation, deliberation and participation in representative political systems. In the first instance, it argues that more attention should be paid to the role that participation actually plays in governance. The literature on democratic institutional design often neglects concern about the effects of innovative institutional designs on more traditional representative fora, at the expense of concerns about their internal procedures. Second, the article argues that despite limitations, replicable systematic comparison of the effects of institutional design is both necessary and possible even at the level of national governance. A comparative analysis of 31 cases of National Public Policy Conferences (NPPCs) in Brazil is presented. Finally, the article shows that popular deliberative assemblies that vary in their familiarity and their policy area of interest, and that organise their structure and sequence deliberation in different ways can be associated with differential effects on both option analysis and option selection stages of the policy process, respectively.
Evaluation of Commercial‐off‐the‐Shelf Materials for the Preservation of Bacillus anthracis Vegetative Cells for Forensic Analysis,
Authors: Angelini Daniel J. , Harris Jacquelyn V. , Burton Laura L. , Rastogi Pooja R. , Smith Lisa S. , Rastogi Vipin K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnvironmental surface sampling is crucial in determining the zones of contamination and overall threat assessment. Viability retention of sampled material is central to such assessments. A systematic study was completed to determine viability of vegetative cells under nonpermissive storage conditions. Despite major gains in nucleic acid sequencing technologies, initial positive identification of threats must be made through direct culture of the sampled material using classical microbiological methods. Solutions have been developed to preserve the viability of pathogens contained within clinical samples, but many have not been examined for their ability to preserve biological agents. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine existing preservation materials that can retain the viability of Bacillus anthracis vegetative cells stored under nonpermissive temperatures. The results show effectiveness of five of seventeen solutions, which are capable of retaining viability of a sporulation deficient strain of B. anthracis Sterne when stored under nonrefrigerated conditions.
Experimental hybridization and reproductive isolation between two sympatric species of tephritid fruit flies in the Anastrepha fraterculus species group
Authors: Rull Juan , Tadeo Eduardo , Lasa Rodrigo , Rodríguez Christian L. , Altuzar‐Molina Alma , Aluja Martín 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAmong tephritid fruit flies, hybridization has been found to produce local adaptation and speciation, and in the case of pest species, induce behavioral and ecological alterations that can adversely impact efficient pest management. The fraterculus species group within Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a rapidly radiating aggregate, which includes cryptic species complexes, numerous sister species, and several pest species. Molecular studies have highlighted the possibility of introgression between A. fraterculus and A. obliqua. Reproductive isolation has been studied among morphotypes of the A. fraterculus species complex as a tool for species delimitation. Here we examined the existence and strength of prezygotic and postzygotic isolation between sympatric populations of two closely related species within the highly derived fraterculus group (A. fraterculus and A. obliqua), coexisting in nature. Although adults of both species showed a strong tendency for assortative mating, a small proportion of hybrid pairings in both directions were observed. We also observed asymmetric postzygotic isolation, with one hybrid cross displaying a strong reduction in fecundity and F1 egg fertility. Survival was greater for the progeny of homotypic and hybrid crosses in the maternal host. There was a marked female biased sex ratio distortion for both F1 hybrid adults. Hybridization between A. fraterculus and A. obliqua in nature may be difficult but possible; these two species display stronger reproductive isolation than all pairs of species previously examined in the A. fraterculus species complex. Asymmetric postzygotic isolation is suggestive of Wolbachia mediated cytoplasmic incompatibilities that may be exploited in area‐wide pest management.
Gallic Acid Grafted Chitosan Has Enhanced Oxidative Stability in Bulk Oils
Authors: Gim Seo Yeong , Hong Seungmi , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGallic acid (GA) was grafted in chitosan and the effects of GA grafted chitosan (GA‐g‐CS) on the oxidative stability in bulk oil was tested at 60 and 140 °C. To text oxidative stability in oils, headspace oxygen content, conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) value, p‐anisidine value (p‐AV), and acid value were determined. Chitosan itself did not show antioxidative or prooxidative effects in oils at 60 °C. However, GA‐g‐CS and GA acted as antioxidants at 60 °C. At 140 °C heating with moisture supplied condition, different results were observed. GA‐g‐CS acted as antioxidants based on the results of CDA and p‐AV. However, chitosan showed the highest oxidative stability based on results of acid value and brown color formation at 140 °C. This could be due to reduction of moisture content by chitosan. GA was continuously released from GA‐g‐CS in bulk oil. This might have provided extra antioxidant activities to oils.
Satisfying America's Fruit Gap: Summary of an Expert Roundtable on the Role of 100% Fruit Juice
Authors: Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol , Ferruzzi Mario G. , Fulgoni Victor L. , Murray Robert , Pivonka Elizabeth , Wallace Taylor C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recognize the role of 100% fruit juice in health and in helping people meet daily fruit recommendations and state that 100% fruit juice is a nutrient‐dense beverage that should be a primary choice, along with water and low‐fat/fat‐free milk. The DGAs note that children are consuming 100% fruit juice within recommendations (that is, 120 to 180 mL/d for children aged 1 to 6 y and 236 to 355 mL/d for children aged 7 to 18 y). Evidence shows that compared to nonconsumers, those who consume 100% fruit juice come closer to meeting daily fruit needs and have better diet quality. In children, 100% fruit juice is associated with increased intakes of nutrients such as vitamin C, folate, and potassium. When consumed within the DGA recommendations, 100% fruit juice is not associated with overweight/obesity or childhood dental caries and does not compromise fiber intake. Preliminary data suggest that polyphenols in some 100% fruit juices may inhibit absorption of naturally occurring sugars. Given its role in promoting health and in helping people meet fruit needs, experts participating in a roundtable discussion agreed that there is no science‐based reason to restrict access to 100% fruit juice in public health nutrition policy and programs such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Reducing or eliminating 100% fruit juice could lead to unintended consequences such as reduced daily fruit intake and increased consumption of less nutritious beverages (for example, sugar‐sweetened beverages).
Husk Tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) Waste as a Promising Source of Pectin: Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization
Authors: Morales‐Contreras Blanca Elizabeth , Contreras‐Esquivel Juan Carlos , Wicker Louise , Ochoa‐Martínez Luz Araceli , Morales‐Castro Juliana 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHusk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. var. Rendidora) waste was evaluated as a source of specialized pectin, and pectin extracted from this waste was characterized physicochemically. Fruit was blanched for 10 or 15 min and extracted in 0.1 N HCl for 15 to 25 min. Extracted pectin was subjected to physicochemical analysis. For all extraction conditions, the percentage of anhydrogalacturonic acid exceeded 60%, indicating that husk tomato was a good source of pectin. The degree of esterification of pectin molecules was 63% to 91%. The amount of extracted pectin decreased with increasing extraction time. The apparent viscosity of husk tomato pectin showed the characteristic behavior of pseudoplastic fluids. Neutral sugars were identified, and the amounts of 6 sugars (fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and xylose) were quantified. Sugars identified in husk tomato pectin and present in the Rhamnogalacturonan I region, arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose suggest a highly branched structure, which will influence its future applications. Molecular weight values were 542 to 699 kDa, exceeding molecular weight values reported for commercial citrus pectins from 134 to 480 kDa. The extraction process significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the physicochemical properties of pectin. Up to 19.8% from the total amount of pectin in the husk tomato was extracted by 10 min of blanching and 20 min of a more heat treatment. Our findings indicate that husk tomato can be a good alternative source of pectin having highly distinctive physicochemical characteristics.
Tailor‐made PAT platform for safe syngas fermentations in batch, fed‐batch and chemostat mode with Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Karmann Stephanie , Follonier Stéphanie , Egger Daniel , Hebel Dirk , Panke Sven , Zinn Manfred 
Published: June 2017

SummaryRecently, syngas has gained significant interest as renewable and sustainable feedstock, in particular for the biotechnological production of poly([R]‐3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). PHB is a biodegradable, biocompatible polyester produced by some bacteria growing on the principal component of syngas, CO. However, working with syngas is challenging because of the CO toxicity and the explosion danger of H2, another main component of syngas. In addition, the bioprocess control needs specific monitoring tools and analytical methods that differ from standard fermentations. Here, we present a syngas fermentation platform with a focus on safety installations and process analytical technology (PAT) that serves as a basis to assess the physiology of the PHB‐producing bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. The platform includes (i) off‐gas analysis with an online quadrupole mass spectrometer to measure CO consumption and production rates of H2 and CO2, (ii) an at‐line flow cytometer to determine the total cell count and the intracellular PHB content and (iii) different online sensors, notably a redox sensor that is important to confirm that the culture conditions are suitable for the CO metabolization of R. rubrum. Furthermore, we present as first applications of the platform a fed‐batch and a chemostat process with R. rubrum for PHB production from syngas.
Genetic status determines 18F‐FDG uptake in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma
Authors: Tiwari Ankita , Shah Nalini , Sarathi Vijaya , Malhotra Gaurav , Bakshi Ganesh , Prakash Gagan , Khadilkar Kranti , Pandit Reshma , Lila Anurag , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionAlthough few studies have demonstrated utility of 18F‐ fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography/computerised tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) in benign pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas (PCC/PGLs), there limited data on factors predicting the FDG uptake in PCC/PGL.MethodsThe study was conducted at a tertiary health care centre. In addition to the routine investigations, all patients (n = 96) with PCC/PGL were evaluated with 18F‐FDGPET/CT and majority (n = 78) underwent 131I‐metaiodobenzyl guanidine (131I‐MIBG) scintigraphy. Forty‐three patients also underwent testing for germline mutations in five PCC/PGL susceptibility genes (VHL, RET, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD) and all patients were evaluated clinically for neurofibromatosis‐1.ResultsThe study included 96 patients with PCC/PGL(82 benign and 14 malignant). FDGSUVmax was significantly higher for malignant than benign PCC/PGL(P = 0.009) and for extra‐adrenal PGL than adrenal PCC (P = 0.017). In subgroup analysis, metanephrine‐secreting PCC and non‐secretory PCC had significantly lower FDG SUVmax than normetanephrine‐secreting PCC (P = 0.017, P = 0.038 respectively), normetanephrine‐secreting‐sympathetic PGL (P = 0.008, P = 0.019 respectively) and non‐secretory sympathetic PGL (P = 0.003, P = 0.009 respectively). Patients with mutations in cluster 1 genes (n = 14) had significantly higher FDG SUVmax than those with mutations in cluster 2 genes (n = 4) (P = 0.04). Sensitivities of 131I‐MIBG and 18F‐FDG PET/CTwere 77.78% and 100% for cluster 1 genes‐related PCC/PGL whereas they were 100% and 50% for cluster 2 genes‐related PCC/PGL, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis of mutation positive patients identified genetic status as the only independent predictor of FDG SUVmax.ConclusionThe study suggests that the underlying genetic status determines FDG uptake in PCC/PGL and not location, secretory status or malignancy.
Intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreements for the measurement of dual‐input whole tumor computed tomography perfusion in patients with lung cancer: Influences of the size and inner‐air density of tumors
Authors: Wang Qingle , Zhang Zhiyong , Shan Fei , Shi Yuxin , Xing Wei , Shi Liangrong , Zhang Xingwei 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThis study was conducted to assess intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreements for the measurement of dual‐input whole tumor computed tomography perfusion (DCTP) in patients with lung cancer.MethodsA total of 88 patients who had undergone DCTP, which had proved a diagnosis of primary lung cancer, were divided into two groups: (i) nodules (diameter ≤3 cm) and masses (diameter >3 cm) by size, and (ii) tumors with and without air density. Pulmonary flow, bronchial flow, and pulmonary index were measured in each group. Intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreements for measurement were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient, within‐subject coefficient of variation, and Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsIn all lung cancers, the reproducibility coefficient for intra‐observer agreement (range 26.1–38.3%) was superior to inter‐observer agreement (range 38.1–81.2%). Further analysis revealed lower agreements for nodules compared to masses. Additionally, inner‐air density reduced both agreements for lung cancer.ConclusionThe intra‐observer agreement for measuring lung cancer DCTP was satisfied, while the inter‐observer agreement was limited. The effects of tumoral size and inner‐air density to agreements, especially between two observers, should be emphasized. In future, an automatic computer‐aided segment of perfusion value of the tumor should be developed.
Heparin‐binding protein as a biomarker of acute kidney injury in critical illness
Authors: Tydén J. , Herwald H. , Hultin M. , Walldén J. , Johansson J. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThere is no biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a mixed intensive care unit (ICU) population. Heparin‐binding protein (HBP) is released from granulocytes and causes increased vascular permeability which plays a role in the development of AKI in sepsis and ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma levels of HBP on admission can predict the development of AKI in a mixed ICU population and in the subgroup with sepsis.MethodsLongitudinal observational study with plasma HBP levels from 245 patients taken on admission to ICU. Presence and severity of AKI was scored daily for 1 week.ResultsMean (95% CI) plasma concentrations of log HBP (ng/ml) in the groups developing different stages of AKI were: stage 0 (n = 175), 3.5 (3.4–3.7); stage 1 (n = 33), 3.7 (3.5–4.0), stage 2 (n = 20), 4.4 (3.5–4.8); and stage 3 (n = 17), 4.6 (3.8–5.2). HBP levels were significantly higher in patients developing AKI stage 3 (P < 0.01) compared to AKI stage 0 and 1. The area under the curve (AUC) for HBP to discriminate the group developing AKI stage 2–3 was 0.70 (CI: 0.58–0.82) and in the subgroup with severe sepsis 0.88 (CI: 0.77–0.99).ConclusionHeparin‐binding protein levels on admission to ICU are associated with the development of severe kidney injury. The relationship between HBP and AKI needs to be further validated in larger studies.
The cytokine network in women with an asymptomatic short cervix and the risk of preterm delivery
Authors: Tarca Adi L. , Fitzgerald Wendy , Chaemsaithong Piya , Xu Zhonghui , Hassan Sonia S. , Grivel Jean‐Charles , Gomez‐Lopez Nardhy , Panaitescu Bogdan , Pacora Percy , Maymon Eli , Erez Offer , Margolis Leonid , Romero Roberto 
Published: June 2017

ProblemTo characterize the amniotic fluid (AF) inflammatory‐related protein (IRP) network in patients with a sonographic short cervix (SCx) and to determine its relation to early preterm delivery (ePTD).Method of studyA retrospective cohort study included women with a SCx (≤25 mm; n=223) who had amniocentesis and were classified according to gestational age (GA) at diagnosis and delivery (ePTD <32 weeks of gestation).Results(i) In women with a SCx ≤ 22 1/7 weeks, the concentration of most IRPs increased as the cervix shortened; those with ePTD had a higher rate of increase in MIP‐1α, MCP‐1, and IL‐6 concentrations than those delivering later; and (ii) the concentration of most IRPs and the correlation between several IRP pairs were higher in the ePTD group than for those delivering later.ConclusionWomen with a SCx at 16‐22 1/7 weeks have a unique AF cytokine network that correlates with cervical length at diagnosis and GA at delivery. This network may aid in predicting ePTD.
A Bottom‐Up Theory of Public Opinion about Foreign Policy
Authors: Kertzer Joshua D. , Zeitzoff Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIf public opinion about foreign policy is such an elite‐driven process, why does the public often disagree with what elites have to say? We argue here that elite cue‐taking models in International Relations are both overly pessimistic and unnecessarily restrictive. Members of the public may lack information about the world around them, but they do not lack principles, and information need not only cascade from the top down. We present the results from five survey experiments where we show that cues from social peers are at least as strong as those from political elites. Our theory and results build on a growing number of findings that individuals are embedded in a social context that combines with their general orientations toward foreign policy in shaping responses toward the world around them. Thus, we suggest the public is perhaps better equipped for espousing judgments in foreign affairs than many of our top‐down models claim.
Understanding mortality rates after hip fracture repair using ASA physical status in the National Hip Fracture Database
Authors: Johansen A. , Tsang C. , Boulton C. , Wakeman R. , Moppett I. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryHip fracture is the most common reason for older patients to need emergency anaesthesia and surgery. Up to one‐third of patients die in the year after hip fracture, but this view of outcome may encourage therapeutic nihilism in peri‐operative decisions and discussions. We used a multicentre national dataset to examine relative and absolute mortality rates for patients presenting with hip fracture, stratified by ASA physical status. We analysed ASA physical status, dates of surgery, death and hospital discharge for 59,369 out of 64,864 patients in the 2015 National Hip Fracture Database; 3914 (6.6%) of whom died in hospital. Rates of death in hospital were 1.8% in ASA 1–2 patients compared with 16.5% in ASA 4 patients. Survival rates for ASA 4 patients on each of the first three postoperative days were: 98.8%, 99.1% and 99.1% (compared with figures of > 99.9% in ASA 1–2 patients over these days). Survival on postoperative day 6 was 99.4% for ASA 4 patients. Nearly half (48.6%) of the 1427 patients who did not have surgery died in hospital. Although technically sound, a focus on cumulative and relative risk of mortality may frame discussions in an unduly negative fashion, discouraging surgeons and anaesthetists from offering an operation, and deterring patients and their loved ones from agreeing to it. A more optimistic and pragmatic explanation that over 98% of ASA 4 patients survive both the day of surgery and the day after it, may be more appropriate.
Young Children's Moral Judgments, Justifications, and Emotion Attributions in Peer Relationship Contexts
Authors: Smetana Judith G. , Ball Courtney L. 
Published: June 2017

Children (n = 160, 4‐ to 9‐year‐olds; Mage = 6.23 years, SD = 1.46) judged, justified, attributed emotions, and rated intent for hypothetical physical harm, psychological harm, and resource distribution transgressions against close friends, acquaintances, disliked peers, or bullies. Transgressions against bullies were judged more acceptable than against friends and disliked peers and less deserving of punishment than against acquaintances and disliked peers. Transgressions against friends were judged least intended and resulting in more negative emotions for transgressors; actors transgressing against disliked peers, as compared to bullies or acquaintances, were happy victimizers. Across relationships, children viewed moral transgressions as wrong independent of rules and authority, based primarily on welfare and fairness justifications. Peer context colors but does not fundamentally change moral evaluations.