bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Cervical Disk Herniation Resulting in Sudden and Severe Neurologic Deterioration: A Case Series
Authors: Harel Ran , Knoller Nachshon 
Published: September 2016

Objective Nontraumatic acute cervical disk herniation resulting in acute severe neurologic deficit is a rare entity described in a limited number of case reports. We describe the management and outcome in patients presenting with severe neurologic deterioration caused by acutely herniated cervical disks.
Methods Four patients (mean age 39.5 years) presented to our tertiary care academic medical center from September 2012 to September 2013 with severe progressive neurologic deficits due to cervical disk herniation and were included in the series. Patients' surgical, medical, and imaging records were retrospectively reviewed under an Institutional Review Board waiver of informed consent.
Results Patients in the series presented with acute neurologic deterioration, including paraparesis, Brown-Séquard syndrome, or quadriparesis deteriorating to quadriplegia. Emergent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and emergent decompression and fusion for acute soft disk herniation were performed in all cases. All patients recovered to excellent functional status with Frankel score improvement from B (one patient)/C (three patients) to E (three patients)/D (one patient).
Conclusions Acute cervical disk herniation with acute neurologic deterioration is a medical emergency necessitating emergent MRI and surgical decompression. Clinical presentation varies. In patients with rapid-onset neurologic deterioration, a high level of suspicion for this rare entity is indicated.
Absence of visual experience modifies the neural basis of numerical thinking
Authors: Kanjlia Shipra , Lane Connor , Feigenson Lisa , Bedny Marina 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Human numerical reasoning relies on a cortical network that includes frontal and parietal regions. We asked how the neural basis of numerical reasoning is shaped by experience by comparing congenitally blind and sighted individuals. Participants performed auditory math and language tasks while undergoing fMRI. Both groups activated frontoparietal number regions during the math task, suggesting that some aspects of the neural basis of numerical cognition develop independently of visual experience. However, blind participants additionally recruited early visual cortices that, in sighted populations, perform visual processing. In blindness, these “visual” areas showed sensitivity to mathematical difficulty. These results suggest that experience can radically change the neural basis of numerical thinking. Hence, human cortex has a broad computational capacity early in development.
Visualization of the spontaneous emergence of a complex, dynamic, and autocatalytic system
Authors: Ortega-Arroyo Jaime , Bissette Andrew J. , Kukura Philipp , Fletcher Stephen P. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Chemical reproduction is central to biology, and understanding how chemical systems may give rise to complex systems that form self-reproducing cell-like structures is a leading goal for scientists. Here we use an ultrasensitive optical microscopy technique to directly monitor the formation and dynamics of self-replicating supramolecular structures at the single-particle level. As a result, we are able to quantify the kinetics of these systems and changes in nanoparticle distribution over time. Our ability to observe a variety of complex phenomena may contribute to understanding how cell-like systems can emerge from much simpler chemical components and provides a general route to studying assembly and disassembly on the nanoscale.
Convergent evolution of caffeine in plants by co-option of exapted ancestral enzymes
Authors: Huang Ruiqi , O’Donnell Andrew J. , Barboline Jessica J. , Barkman Todd J. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Convergent evolution is responsible for generating similar traits in unrelated organisms, such as wings that allow flight in birds and bats. In plants, one of the most prominent examples of convergence is that of caffeine production, which has independently evolved in numerous species. In this study, we reveal that even though the caffeine molecule is identical in the cacao, citrus, guaraná, coffee, and tea lineages, it is produced by different, previously unknown, biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, by resurrecting extinct enzymes that ancient plants once possessed, we show that the novel pathways would have evolved rapidly because the ancestral enzymes were co-opted from previous biochemical roles to those of caffeine biosynthesis for which they were already primed.
Low-cost functional plasticity of TRPV1 supports heat tolerance in squirrels and camels
Authors: Laursen Willem J. , Schneider Eve R. , Merriman Dana K. , Bagriantsev Sviatoslav N. , Gracheva Elena O. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Thirteen-lined ground squirrels and Bactrian camels are capable of withstanding elevated environmental temperatures. In mammals, the polymodal transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel responds to temperatures >40 °C and marks peripheral neurons responsible for detecting noxious heat. However, we find that both squirrels and camels express TRPV1 channels with dramatic decreases in thermosensitivity in the physiologically relevant range. To regain heat sensitivity, squirrel and camel TRPV1 require substitution of a single conserved amino acid. These data point to a common molecular mechanism used by camels and squirrels to adapt to high temperatures and reveal a remarkable functional plasticity of temperature activation of the TRPV1 channel.
Land-use and climate change risks in the Amazon and the need of a novel sustainable development paradigm
Authors: Nobre Carlos A. , Sampaio Gilvan , Borma Laura S. , Castilla-Rubio Juan Carlos , Silva José S. , Cardoso Manoel 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceThe Amazonian tropical forests have been disappearing at a fast rate in the last 50 y due to deforestation to open areas for agriculture, posing high risks of irreversible changes to biodiversity and ecosystems. Climate change poses additional risks to the stability of the forests. Studies suggest “tipping points” not to be transgressed: 4° C of global warming or 40% of total deforested area. The regional development debate has focused on attempting to reconcile maximizing conservation with intensification of traditional agriculture. Large reductions of deforestation in the last decade open up opportunities for an alternative model based on seeing the Amazon as a global public good of biological assets for the creation of high-value products and ecosystem services.
Autophagy induction stabilizes microtubules and promotes axon regeneration after spinal cord injury
Authors: He Miao , Ding Yuetong , Chu Chen , Tang Jing , Xiao Qi , Luo Zhen-Ge 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Autophagy maintains cellular homoeostasis by bulk or selective degradation of cytoplasmic components including organelles or protein aggregates. Its role in axon regeneration remains speculative. Here, we found that boosting autophagy stabilized microtubules by degrading a microtubule destabilizing protein, SCG10 (superior cervical ganglia protein 10), in cultured CNS neurons and promoted axon growth. Furthermore, treatment with a specific autophagy-inducing peptide, Tat-beclin1, attenuated axon retraction, promoted axon regeneration, and improved locomotor functional recovery in mice with spinal cord injury. This study reveals a critical role of autophagy in stabilizing neuronal microtubules and a promising therapeutic effect of an autophagy-inducing reagent on CNS axons following injury.
Learning relay start strategies in swimming: What feedback is best?
Authors: Fischer Sebastian , Braun Claudia , Kibele Armin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the past, studies and book recommendations on relay starts in swimming have been predominantly focused on the change‐over time (COT) as a performance criterion. Aside from the circular backswing start with parallel foot placement, few studies have analysed differences in the take‐off movement including step approaches as well. Although trends could be identified, the results remained still somewhat inconclusive. In contrast, no study has examined as has examined whether a reduction of COT in between wall contact of the income swimmer and the take‐off of the outgoing swimmer is an optimal relay start strategy, as advocated by various swimming experts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare two different relay start strategies: offensive strategy minimizing COT and conservative strategy to maximize horizontal peak force (HPF). In this regard, a learning intervention with 24 elite‐level swimmers (12 females, 12 male) was conducted to compare both strategies regarding relay start time, HPF and COT. Subjects were randomly assigned to two feedback groups: COT versus HPF at take‐off. The results of this study showed a clear advantage for HPF feedback for relay start performance measured by wall contact of the incoming swimmer and head passage at 7.5 m of the outgoing swimmer. In addition, similar reductions in COTs were found in both training groups. In conclusion, swimmers should focus on force production rather than minimizing COT. For the latter, deteriorating consequences for force production must be considered.
MSAProbs-MPI: parallel multiple sequence aligner for distributed-memory systems
Authors: González-Domínguez Jorge , Liu Yongchao , Touriño Juan , Schmidt Bertil 
Published: September 2016

Summary: MSAProbs is a state-of-the-art protein multiple sequence alignment tool based on hidden Markov models. It can achieve high alignment accuracy at the expense of relatively long runtimes for large-scale input datasets. In this work we present MSAProbs-MPI, a distributed-memory parallel version of the multithreaded MSAProbs tool that is able to reduce runtimes by exploiting the compute capabilities of common multicore CPU clusters. Our performance evaluation on a cluster with 32 nodes (each containing two Intel Haswell processors) shows reductions in execution time of over one order of magnitude for typical input datasets. Furthermore, MSAProbs-MPI using eight nodes is faster than the GPU-accelerated QuickProbs running on a Tesla K20. Another strong point is that MSAProbs-MPI can deal with large datasets for which MSAProbs and QuickProbs might fail due to time and memory constraints, respectively.
Availability and Implementation: Source code in C ++ and MPI running on Linux systems as well as a reference manual are available at http://msaprobs.sourceforge.net
Contact: jgonzalezd@udc.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Predicting neutropenia risk in patients with cancer using electronic data
Authors: Pawloski Pamala A , Thomas Avis J , Kane Sheryl , Vazquez-Benitez Gabriela , Shapiro Gary R , Lyman Gary H 
Published: September 2016

Objectives: Clinical guidelines recommending the use of myeloid growth factors are largely based on the prescribed chemotherapy regimen. The guidelines suggest that oncologists consider patient-specific characteristics when prescribing granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis; however, a mechanism to quantify individual patient risk is lacking. Readily available electronic health record (EHR) data can provide patient-specific information needed for individualized neutropenia risk estimation. An evidence-based, individualized neutropenia risk estimation algorithm has been developed. This study evaluated the automated extraction of EHR chemotherapy treatment data and externally validated the neutropenia risk prediction model.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort of adult patients with newly diagnosed breast, colorectal, lung, lymphoid, or ovarian cancer who received the first cycle of a cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen from 2008 to 2013 were recruited from a single cancer clinic. Electronically extracted EHR chemotherapy treatment data were validated by chart review. Neutropenia risk stratification was conducted and risk model performance was assessed using calibration and discrimination.
Results: Chemotherapy treatment data electronically extracted from the EHR were verified by chart review. The neutropenia risk prediction tool classified 126 patients (57%) as being low risk for febrile neutropenia, 44 (20%) as intermediate risk, and 51 (23%) as high risk. The model was well calibrated (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test = 0.24). Discrimination was adequate and slightly less than in the original internal validation (c-statistic 0.75 vs 0.81).
Conclusion: Chemotherapy treatment data were electronically extracted from the EHR successfully. The individualized neutropenia risk prediction model performed well in our retrospective external cohort.
National trends in safety performance of electronic health record systems in children’s hospitals
Authors: Chaparro Juan D , Classen David C , Danforth Melissa , Stockwell David C , Longhurst Christopher A 
Published: September 2016

Objective: To evaluate the safety of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and associated clinical decision support (CDS) systems in electronic health record (EHR) systems at pediatric inpatient facilities in the US using the Leapfrog Group’s pediatric CPOE evaluation tool.Methods: The Leapfrog pediatric CPOE evaluation tool, a previously validated tool to assess the ability of a CPOE system to identify orders that could potentially lead to patient harm, was used to evaluate 41 pediatric hospitals over a 2-year period. Evaluation of the last available test for each institution was performed, assessing performance overall as well as by decision support category (eg, drug-drug, dosing limits). Longitudinal analysis of test performance was also carried out to assess the impact of testing and the overall trend of CPOE performance in pediatric hospitals.Results: Pediatric CPOE systems were able to identify 62% of potential medication errors in the test scenarios, but ranged widely from 23–91% in the institutions tested. The highest scoring categories included drug-allergy interactions, dosing limits (both daily and cumulative), and inappropriate routes of administration. We found that hospitals with longer periods since their CPOE implementation did not have better scores upon initial testing, but after initial testing there was a consistent improvement in testing scores of 4 percentage points per year.Conclusions: Pediatric computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems on average are able to intercept a majority of potential medication errors, but vary widely among implementations. Prospective and repeated testing using the Leapfrog Group’s evaluation tool is associated with improved ability to intercept potential medication errors.
The stellar halo in the inner Milky Way: predicted shape and kinematics
Authors: Pérez-Villegas Angeles , Portail Matthieu , Gerhard Ortwin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We have used N-body simulations for the Milky Way to investigate the kinematic and structural properties of the old metal-poor stellar halo in the barred inner region of the Galaxy. We find that the extrapolation of the density distribution for bulge RR Lyrae stars, ρ ∼ r−3, approximately matches the number density of RR Lyrae in the nearby stellar halo. We follow the evolution of such a tracer population through the formation and evolution of the bar and box/peanut bulge in the N-body model. We find that its density distribution changes from oblate to triaxial, and that it acquires slow rotation in agreement with recent measurements. The maximum radial velocity is ∼15–25 km s−1 at |l| = 10°–30°, and the velocity dispersion is ∼120 km s−1. Even though the simulated metal-poor halo in the bulge has a barred shape, just 12 per cent of the orbits follow the bar, and it does not trace the peanut/X structure. With these properties, the RR Lyrae population in the Galactic bulge is consistent with being the inward extension of the Galactic metal-poor stellar halo.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Migraine and Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Friedman Lauren E. , Gelaye Bizu , Bain Paul A. , Williams Michelle A. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Previous studies have demonstrated an association between migraine and major depressive disorder. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between suicidal ideation, with or without concurrent depression, and migraine.

Objective:
We conducted a systematic literature review to synthesize the available research focused on investigating the association of migraine with suicidal ideation.

Methods:
Relevant research papers were identified through searches of major electronic databases including PubMed, Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), PsycINFO (EBSCO), and Google Scholar. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between migraine and suicidal ideation extracted from each study.

Results:
A total of 148,977 participants in 6 studies were included in this analysis. Overall, findings from available studies documented elevated odds of suicidal ideation among individuals with migraines. In unadjusted models, the odds of suicidal ideation was 2.49-fold higher among individuals with migraine (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 2.34-2.65) compared with those without migraine. In multivariate-adjusted models, the pooled adjusted OR of suicidal ideation was 1.31 (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.10-1.55).

Conclusions:
A meta-analysis of available studies suggests a modest positive association between migraine and suicidal ideation. Further studies allowing for a more comprehensive investigation of the association between migraine and the full range of suicidal behaviors are warranted. A larger and more robust evidence-base may be useful to inform the clinical screening and diagnoses of comorbid conditions in migraineurs.
Pain Sensitivity and its Relation to Spreading on the Body, Intensity, Frequency, and Duration of Pain
Authors: Larsson Britt , Gerdle Björn , Björk Jonas , Grimby-Ekman Anna 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
Individuals with chronic pain often report increased pain sensitivity compared with pain-free individuals; hence, it is crucial to determine whether and how different pain characteristics influence or interact with pain sensitivity. An alternative to experimental pain sensitivity testing is the self-reported pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ), which captures pain sensitivity in various body areas.
This study compares PSQ in individuals with and without pain and clarifies how pain sensitivity relates to spreading of pain on the body, and to intensity, frequency, duration of pain and to age and sex.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 5905 individuals with pain and 572 individuals without pain from the general population in southeastern Sweden completed and returned a postal questionnaire.

Results:
The mean PSQ score was 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.88-3.98) in individuals with pain and 3.5 (95% CI, 3.38-3.64) in pain-free individuals. Hence, PSQ was the highest among individuals with pain, with a difference of 0.4 (95% CI, 0.30-0.56). There was a considerable variation in the PSQ values (mean=3.5; SD=1.54) among pain-free individuals. Pain sensitivity was positively related to spreading, intensity, and frequency of pain, with a correlation coefficient of 0.3. PSQ was higher in widespread pain, 4.5 (95% CI, 4.27-4.69) in women and 4.3 (95% CI, 3.94-4.71) in men, than in local pain, 3.7 (95% CI, 3.61-3.91) in women and 3.8 (95% CI, 3.66-3.95) in men. The score for women with regional pain was between local and widespread pain at 4.0 (95% CI, 3.95-4.11) and that for men with regional pain was 3.8 (95% CI, 3.69-3.87), which is equal to that of local pain.

Discussion:
The positive association between pain sensitivity and spreading of pain on the body provides some evidence that the extent of spreading may be related to the degree of pain sensitivity. Before clinical use of PSQ, psychometric development and further research are needed.
Psychological Predictors of Acute Postoperative Pain After Hysterectomy for Benign Causes
Authors: Scheel Jennifer , Sittl Reinhard , Griessinger Norbert , Strupf Marion , Parthum Andreas , Dimova Violeta , Horn-Hofmann Claudia , Thiel Falk , Beckmann Matthias W. , Lautenbacher Stefan 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
Psychological parameters have been shown to contribute significantly to the development of acute postoperative pain (APOP). For the prediction of APOP in chest malformation patients and cancer patients, we found pain-specific psychological predictors to be of higher relevance than general psychological predictors. The current study aims to further substantiate these findings.

Materials and Methods:
In a sample of 73 middle-aged hysterectomy patients, 3 predictor sets were assessed 1 day before surgery: attentional biases (toward pain-related, social threat, and positive words in a dot-probe task), pain-related emotions and cognitions (pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and pain hypervigilance), and affective state variables (depression and somatization). APOP intensity rated 2 to 3 days after surgery and analgesic consumption during the first 48 postoperative hours were used as outcome measures.

Results:
APOP intensity ratings were significantly explained by their best single predictors in a multiple regression analysis: social threat words of the dot-probe task, pain anxiety, and somatization (14.7% of explained variance). When comparing standardized β coefficients, pain-specific psychological predictors appeared to be of higher explanatory relevance than general psychological predictors. In contrast, analgesic consumption could not be significantly predicted by the psychological variables.

Discussion:
Hysterectomy patients at risk for high APOP intensity could be characterized by the psychological variables used, whereas their predictive value for analgesic consumption was limited. The high predictive potency of pain-specific psychological variables should be considered for further improvement of pain management and prevention, because pain-specific variables such as pain anxiety can be the target of focal psychological interventions when preparing for surgery.