bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower‐dose intravenous immunoglobulins for the treatment of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a cohort study
Authors: Kamphuis Marije , Paridaans Noortje , Winkelhorst Dian , Wikman Agneta , Tiblad Eleonor , Lopriore Enrico , Westgren Magnus , Oepkes Dick 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDIntravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are the cornerstone in the treatment of pregnancies at risk for fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). The most commonly used dose is 1.0 g/kg/week, not based on any dose‐finding study. IVIG is an expensive multidonor human blood product with dose‐related side effects. Our aim was to describe the amount of severe thrombocytopenia according to two different doses of IVIG.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed a cohort study, where two dosage regimes of IVIG were evaluated in the treatment of pregnant women suffering from FNAIT with a previous affected child without intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Cases, treated with 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/week, were selected from the international multicenter No IntraCranial Hemorrhage (NOICH) registry. Outcome was neonatal platelet (PLT) count at birth and amount of severe thrombocytopenia. Furthermore the appearance of ICH was analyzed.RESULTSA total of 109 women were included in the study, 46 in the 0.5 IVIG group and 63 in the 1.0 IVIG group. There was no difference in PLT count at birth (mean, 112 vs. 119; crude difference, 7; confidence interval [CI], −37.4 to 23.7]) and incidence of severe thrombocytopenia (<30 × 109/L; n = 7/46 vs. n = 7/63; odds ratio, 1.43 [CI, 0.46–4.42]). No ICH occurred.CONCLUSIONIn pregnancies with FNAIT with a previous affected child without ICH, treatment with IVIG in a weekly dose of 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg results in comparable neonatal PLT count at birth and degree of thrombocytopenia.
Lynxacarus radovskyimites in feral cats: a study of diagnostic methods, preferential body locations, co‐infestations and prevalence
Authors: Ketzis Jennifer K. , Dundas James , Shell Linda G. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundLynxacarus radovskyi(fur mites) are ectoparasites found on the hair shafts of cats living in tropical environments. Diagnosis is via microscopic examination of hairs. Various anatomical areas have been reported to harbour these mites.ObjectivesTo assess adhesive tape impressions and trichograms for detectingL. radovskyiand co‐infestations;to determine host body predilection sites and affected gender; to determine prevalence ofL. radovskyiin a feral cat population.Animals121 feral cats in a trap, neuter and release programme.MethodsAfter cats were premedicated for surgical sterilization, hairs from seven to nine body sites were removed from each cat using adhesive tape impression and trichogram techniques. Samples were examined at 10–100× magnification using compound or stereo microscopes.ResultsThe prevalence ofL. radovskyiwas 71% (86 of 121) within the feral cat population. Tape impressions identified 75 cats; trichograms identified 56 cats. There were fewer false negative results with tape impressions. Caudal body sites were more likely to be positive, with the perianal area being the most commonly affected. Males and females were infested equally. Tape impressions identified moreCheyletiella blakeiinfestations and both methods identified someFelicola felisinfestations.Conclusions and clinical importanceTape impressions were easier to perform and identified moreL. radovskyipositive cats and more co‐infestations. Hairs from the perianal area and other caudal body sites are most likely to harbourL. radovskyi. Within this feral cat population,L. radovskyiwas a common infestation.
Acute‐phase proteins as diagnostic markers in horses with colic
Authors: Pihl Tina H. , Scheepers Elrien , Sanz Macarena , Goddard Amelia , Page Patrick , Toft Nils , Kjelgaard‐Hansen Mads , Andersen Pia H. , Jacobsen Stine 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic potential of the concentrations of acute‐phase proteins serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and fibrinogen in blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) for differentiating horses with inflammatory colic (entero‐colitis and peritonitis) from those with surgical colic.DesignProspective observational multicenter study.SettingTwo university referral hospitals.AnimalsHorses referred for severe acute abdominal pain to Hospital 1 (n = 148) or Hospital 2 (n = 78).InterventionBlood and PF samples collected at admission were used for acute‐phase protein concentration measurement.Measurements and Main ResultsA multivariable logistic model including clinical parameters (lethargy, rectal temperature >38°C [100.4°F], normal rectal examination findings, and gastric reflux of 5–10 L) recorded at admission was constructed from Hospital 1 data. The ability of the model to correctly differentiate inflammatory from surgical colic was 86% determined as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Adding blood parameters (WBC, PCV, total plasma protein, lactate, SAA, Hp, and fibrinogen concentrations) to the logistic model based on clinical parameters revealed that only WBC and SAA and fibrinogen concentrations improved the model. With SAA included in the model no additional blood parameters improved the model, and the final model had an area under the curve of 90%. Addition of PF parameters (hemolysis, total protein concentration, WBC, SAA, or Hp concentrations) did not improve the model. When validated in Hospital 2 data, the models had good integrity and diagnostic performance.ConclusionsEvaluation of SAA in serum improved the ability to differentiate horses with acute inflammatory colic requiring medical treatment from horses with colic requiring surgery, as it allowed an additional 4% of horses to be correctly classified into medical and surgical cases. Improved differentiation of these 2 groups of horses with colic may minimize the risk of unnecessary or delayed surgery.
Traumatic uterine rupture in three felids
Authors: Davies Rebecca , Rozanski Elizabeth , Tseng Florina , Jennings Samuel , Paul April 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe 3 near‐full‐term, young‐adult felids (2 domestic shorthair cats, and 1 bobcat [Lynx rufus]) that experienced uterine rupture following trauma.Series SummaryTwo of the animals had motor vehicular trauma and 1 had abdominal bite wounds. The 2 domestic cats that were treated with surgical exploration and ovariohysterectomy recovered uneventfully. The bobcat died during hospitalization prior to surgical intervention, and necropsy identified uterine rupture and associated peritonitis.Unique Information ProvidedTraumatic uterine rupture should be considered in known or suspected pregnant animals that experience blunt or penetrating trauma, particularly if they are in late‐term pregnancy.
Structural and Mutagenic Analysis of Metallo-β-Lactamase IMP-18
Authors: Furuyama Takamitsu , Nonomura Haruka , Ishii Yoshikazu , Hanson Nancy D. , Shimizu-Ibuka Akiko 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

IMP-type metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are exogenous zinc metalloenzymes that hydrolyze a broad range of β-lactams, including carbapenems. Here we report the crystal structure of IMP-18, an MBL cloned from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, at 2.0-Å resolution. The overall structure of IMP-18 resembles that of IMP-1, with an αβ/βα “folded sandwich” configuration, but the loop that covers the active site has a distinct conformation. The relationship between IMP-18's loop conformation and its kinetic properties was investigated by replacing the amino acid residues that can affect the loop conformation (Lys44, Thr50, and Ile69) in IMP-18 with those occupying the corresponding positions in the well-described enzyme IMP-1. The replacement of Thr50 with Pro considerably modified IMP-18's kinetic properties, specifically those pertaining to meropenem, with the
k
cat
/

K
m

value increased by an order of magnitude. The results indicate that this is a key residue that defines the kinetic properties of IMP-type β-lactamases.
Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP120 Activates Canonical Notch Signaling To Downregulate TLR2/4 Expression and Promote Intracellular Survival
Authors: Lina Taslima T. , Dunphy Paige S. , Luo Tian , McBride Jere W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Ehrlichia chaffeensis
preferentially targets mononuclear phagocytes and survives through a strategy of subverting innate immune defenses, but the mechanisms are unknown. We have shown
E. chaffeensis
type 1 secreted tandem repeat protein (TRP) effectors are involved in diverse molecular pathogen-host interactions, such as the TRP120 interaction with the Notch receptor-cleaving metalloprotease ADAM17. In the present study, we demonstrate
E. chaffeensis
, via the TRP120 effector, activates the canonical Notch signaling pathway to promote intracellular survival. We found that nuclear translocation of the transcriptionally active Notch intracellular domain (NICD) occurs in response to
E. chaffeensis
or recombinant TRP120, resulting in upregulation of Notch signaling pathway components and target genes
notch1
,
adam17
,
hes
, and
hey
. Significant differences in canonical Notch signaling gene expression levels (>40%) were observed during early and late stages of infection, indicating activation of the Notch pathway. We linked Notch pathway activation specifically to the TRP120 effector, which directly interacts with the Notch metalloprotease ADAM17. Using pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against γ-secretase enzyme, Notch transcription factor complex, Notch1, and ADAM17, we demonstrated that Notch signaling is required for ehrlichial survival. We studied the downstream effects and found that
E. chaffeensis
TRP120-mediated activation of the Notch pathway causes inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways required for PU.1 and subsequent Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) expression. This investigation reveals a novel mechanism whereby
E. chaffeensis
exploits the Notch pathway to evade the host innate immune response for intracellular survival.

IMPORTANCE
E. chaffeensis
is an obligately intracellular bacterium and the etiologic agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME), an emerging life-threatening tick-borne zoonosis. Mechanisms by which
E. chaffeensis
establishes intracellular infection and avoids innate host defenses are not understood, but functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions with type 1 secreted TRP effectors are essential for the ehrlichial cellular reprogramming strategy. This study provides further insight into the molecular strategies used by obligately intracellular pathogens such as
E. chaffeensis
, which have small genomes and a limited number of effector proteins and exploit evolutionarily conserved host cell programs such as Notch signaling to promote infection and intracellular survival.
Catastrophic health expenditure: a comparative analysis of empty-nest and non-empty-nest households with seniors in Shandong, China
Authors: Yang Tingting , Chu Jie , Zhou Chengchao , Medina Alexis , Li Cuicui , Jiang Shan , Zheng Wengui , Sun Liyuan , Liu Jing 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) prevalence and its determinants between empty-nest and non-empty-nest elderly households.SettingShandong province of China.ParticipantsA total of 2761 elderly households are included in the analysis.ResultsCHE incidence among elderly households was 44.9%. The CHE incidence of empty-nest singles (59.3%, p=0.000, OR=3.19) and empty-nest couples (52.9%, p=0.000, OR=2.45) are both statistically higher than that of non-empty-nest elderly households (31.4%). An inverse association was observed between CHE incidence and income level in all elderly household types. Factors including 1 or more household elderly members with non-communicable chronic diseases in the past 6 months, 1 or more elderly household members being hospitalised in the past year and lower household income, are significant risk factors for CHE in all 3 household types (p<0.05). Health insurance status was found to be a significant determinant of CHE among empty-nest singles and non-empty-nest households (p<0.05).ConclusionsCHE incidence among elderly households is high in China. Empty-nest households are at higher risk for CHE than non-empty-nest households. Based on these findings, we suggest that special insurance be developed to broaden the coverage of health services and heighten the reimbursement rate for empty-nest elderly in the existing health insurance schemes. Financial and social protection interventions are also essential for identified at-risk subgroups among different types of elderly households.
Incidence and outcomes of emergency self-harm among adolescents: a descriptive epidemiological study in Osaka City, Japan
Authors: Matsuyama Tasuku , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Kiyohara Kosuke , Hayashida Sumito , Nitta Masahiko , Kawamura Takashi , Iwami Taku , Ohta Bon 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence and outcomes of self-harm from ambulance records.DesignA retrospective, observational study.SettingOsaka City, Japan.ParticipantsA total of 365 adolescents aged 10–19 years with emergency self-harm such as poisoning by drugs or gas, cutting skin, jumping from heights, hanging and drowning and treated by emergency medical service personnel from January 2010 through December 2012.Primary outcome measurementsIncidence per 100 000 persons and outcome at the scene or hospital arrival by age and gender. Poisson regression models for incidence evaluation were used; reporting relative risks (RRs) and their 95% CIs.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 425 self-harm events were documented in 365 adolescents. The incidence of self-harm increased significantly between the ages of 11 and 19 years, from 6.3 to 81.0 among boys and the ages of 12 and 19 years from 6.3 to 228.3 among girls, respectively (both p<0.001). Although there was no incidence difference between girls and boys in the group aged 11–14 years (RR 1.20; 95% CI 0.59 to 2.47), the incidence was significantly higher among girls than boys in the group aged 15–19 years (RR 4.18; 95% CI 3.20 to 5.45). The overall proportion of death by self-harm was 4.9%. The proportion of hospital admission and death by self-harm was higher among boys than among girls (38.6% vs 25.2%, p=0.016 and 14.8% vs 2.4%, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe incidence of emergency treatment for self-harm by adolescents increased with age and our findings also demonstrated the gender paradox. It would be necessary to establish active, gender-specific and comprehensive prevention strategies for adolescent self-harm, based on our findings showing the age and gender differences of self-harm among adolescents.
Evaluation of the use of oseltamivir prophylaxis in the control of influenza outbreaks in long-term care facilities in Alberta, Canada: a retrospective provincial database analysis
Authors: Ye Ming , Jacobs Angela , Khan Muhammad Naeem , Jaipaul Joy , Oda Joanna , Johnson Marcia , Doroshenko Alexander 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of oseltamivir prophylaxis in the management and control of influenza outbreaks in long-term care facilities in Alberta, Canada.Setting and participantsLong-term care facilities where 127 influenza outbreaks were reported to public health authorities in Alberta, Canada, during two influenza seasons from 2013 to 2015.Design and outcome measuresUsing routinely collected surveillance and administrative data, we examined the association between decision-making time for oseltamivir recommendation as prophylaxis strategy for influenza outbreaks in long-term care facilities (explanatory variable) and the duration of an influenza outbreak, the postprophylaxis risk of influenza-like illness and hospitalisation among residents of long-term care facilities in Alberta (outcome variables) using multivariable linear and Poisson regression models.ResultsOseltamivir prophylaxis decision-making time was positively associated with the postintervention duration of an outbreak, with a 1-day delay in making decision on oseltamivir prophylaxis associated with 2.22 (95% CI 1.37 to 3.06) more days of the duration of an outbreak after controlling for potential confounding effect of the number of residents at risk at intervention, outbreak progression time, prevalence of influenza-like illness during outbreak progression, facility location, presence of mixed strain and based on optimal timing of oseltamivir prophylaxis. Although not statistically significant, a 1-day delay in making decision on oseltamivir prophylaxis was associated with a 5% (95% CI −1% to 11%) increase in the postintervention risk of influenza-like illness, and a 6% (95% CI −8% to 22%) increase in the postintervention risk of hospitalisation after controlling for the same potential confounders.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated benefits of using oseltamivir prophylaxis to shorten the duration of influenza outbreaks; however, there were no significant differences in the influenza-like illness and hospitalisation risk occurring after the intervention. Surveillance data may offer means of rapid evaluation of oseltamivir prophylaxis in long-term care facilities as a public health measure.
Efficacy and Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise on Cancer Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis: A Critical Systematic Review ofIn VivoPreclinical Data
Authors: Ashcraft Kathleen A. , Peace Ralph M. , Betof Allison S. , Dewhirst Mark W. , Jones Lee W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA major objective of the emerging field of exercise–oncology research is to determine the efficacy of, and biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects cancer incidence, progression, and/or metastasis. There is a strong inverse association between self-reported exercise and the primary incidence of several forms of cancer; similarly, emerging data suggest that exercise exposure after a cancer diagnosis may improve outcomes for early-stage breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. Arguably, critical next steps in the development of exercise as a candidate treatment in cancer control require preclinical studies to validate the biological efficacy of exercise, identify the optimal “dose”, and pinpoint mechanisms of action. To evaluate the current evidence base, we conducted a critical systematic review of in vivo studies investigating the effects of exercise in cancer prevention and progression. Studies were evaluated on the basis of tumor outcomes (e.g., incidence, growth, latency, metastasis), dose–response, and mechanisms of action, when available. A total of 53 studies were identified and evaluated on tumor incidence (n = 24), tumor growth (n = 33), or metastasis (n = 10). We report that the current evidence base is plagued by considerable methodologic heterogeneity in all aspects of study design, endpoints, and efficacy. Such heterogeneity precludes meaningful comparisons and conclusions at present. To this end, we provide a framework of methodologic and data reporting standards to strengthen the field to guide the conduct of high-quality studies required to inform translational, mechanism-driven clinical trials. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4032–50. ©2016 AACR.
Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke With Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus According to Hemoglobin A1c Criteria in Chinese Population
Authors: Jing Jing , Pan Yuesong , Zhao Xingquan , Zheng Huaguang , Jia Qian , Li Hao , Guan Ling , Liu Liping , Wang Chunxue , Meng Xia , He Yan , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was recommended to diagnose diabetes mellitus, but whether newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDDM) according to the new criteria was associated with stroke prognosis was unclear. We aimed to investigate the prognosis of ischemic stroke with NDDM according to the new criteria.

Methods—
Ischemic stroke without a diabetes mellitus history in the survey on Abnormal Glucose Regulation in Patients With Acute Stroke Across China were included in the analysis. NDDM was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test ≥11.1 mmol/L, or HbA1c ≥6.5%, and NDDM was divided into group 1, diagnosed by glucose criteria (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test ≥11.1 mmol/L with/without HbA1c ≥6.5%), or group 2, diagnosed by single high HbA1c (fasting plasma glucose <7.0 mmol/L, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test <11.1 mmol/L, and HbA1c ≥6.5%). The association between NDDM and 1-year prognosis (mortality, stroke recurrence, and poor functional outcome [modified Rankin scale score 3–6]) was estimated.

Results—

Among 1251 ischemic stroke patients, 539 were NDDM and 141 of NDDM with single high HbA1c. NDDM was an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.001–1.26), stroke recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.28), and poor functional outcome (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.95–3.43) compared with non–diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, NDDM with single high HbA1c was not significantly associated with 1-year prognosis for all end points (
P
>0.05 for all).

Conclusions—
NDDM by new criteria was associated with poor prognosis at 1 year after ischemic stroke; however, NDDM with single high HbA1c did not predict a poor prognosis.
Pathogenesis and Risk Factors for Cerebral Infarct After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Massaro Allie , Messé Steven R. , Acker Michael A. , Kasner Scott E. , Torres Jose , Fanning Molly , Giovannetti Tania , Ratcliffe Sarah J. , Bilello Michel , Szeto Wilson Y. , Bavaria Joseph E. , Mohler Emile R. , Floyd Thomas F. 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Stroke is a potentially devastating complication of cardiac surgery. Identifying predictors of radiographic infarct may lead to improved stroke prevention for surgical patients.

Methods—
We reviewed 129 postoperative brain magnetic resonance imagings from a prospective study of patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement. Acute infarcts were classified as watershed or embolic using prespecified criteria.

Results—

Acute infarct on magnetic resonance imaging was seen in 79 of 129 patients (61%), and interrater reliability for stroke pathogenesis was high (κ=0.93). Embolic infarcts only were identified in 60 patients (46%), watershed only in 2 (2%), and both in 17 (13%). In multivariable logistic regression, embolic infarct was associated with aortic arch atheroma (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–12.0;
P
=0.055), old subcortical infarcts (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.1–26.6;
P
=0.04), no history of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2–13.7;
P
=0.03), and higher aortic valve gradient (OR, 1.3 per 5 mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.09–1.6;
P
=0.004). Watershed infarct was associated with internal carotid artery stenosis ≥70% (OR, 11.7; 95% CI, 1.8–76.8;
P
=0.01) and increased left ventricular ejection fraction (OR, 1.6 per 5% increase; 95% CI, 1.08–2.4;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—
The principal mechanism of acute cerebral infarction after aortic valve replacement is embolism. There are distinct factors associated with watershed and embolic infarct, some of which may be modifiable.