bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population‐based birth defects data in the United States, 2010–2014: A focus on gastrointestinal defects
Authors: Lupo Philip J. , Isenburg Jennifer L. , Salemi Jason L. , Mai Cara T. , Liberman Rebecca F. , Canfield Mark A. , Copeland Glenn , Haight Sarah , Harpavat Sanjiv , Hoyt Adrienne T. , Moore Cynthia A. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Nguyen Hoang N. , Rutkowski Rachel E. , Steele Amy , Alverson C.J. , Stallings Erin B. , Kirby Russell S. ,   and The National Birth Defects Prevention Network
Published: November 2017

BackgroundGastrointestinal defects are a phenotypically and etiologically diverse group of malformations. Despite their combined prevalence and clinical impact, little is known about the epidemiology of these birth defects. Therefore, the objective of the 2017 National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) data brief was to better describe the occurrence of gastrointestinal defects.MethodsAs part of the 2017 NBDPN annual report, 28 state programs provided additional data on gastrointestinal defects for the period 2010‐2014. Counts and prevalence estimates (per 10,000 live births) were calculated overall and by demographic characteristics for (1) biliary atresia; (2) esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula; (3) rectal and large intestinal atresia/stenosis; and (4) small intestinal atresia/stenosis. Additionally, we explored the frequency of these malformations co‐occurring with other structural birth defects.ResultsPooling data from all participating registries, the prevalence estimates were: 0.7 per 10,000 live births for biliary atresia (713 cases); 2.3 per 10,000 live births for esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (2,472 cases); 4.2 per 10,000 live births for rectal and large intestinal atresia/stenosis (4,334 cases); and 3.4 per 10,000 live births for small intestinal atresia/stenosis (3,388 cases). Findings related to co‐occurring birth defects were especially notable for esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula, rectal and large intestinal atresia/stenosis, and small intestinal atresia/stenosis, where the median percentage of non‐isolated cases was 53.9%, 45.5%, and 50.6%, respectively.ConclusionsThese population‐based prevalence estimates confirm some previous studies, and provide a foundation for future epidemiologic studies of gastrointestinal defects. Exploring the genetic and environmental determinants of these malformations may yield new clues into their etiologies.
Codeine is associated with poor prognosis in acute stroke
Authors: Ryste Stian T. , Engelsen Bernt A. , Naess Halvor 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate how the use of analgesics, sleeping drugs, and sedatives relates to prognosis and complications in stroke patients in the acute care phase (≤48 hr) after a stroke.Materials and MethodsPatients with ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and transient ischemic attack were included. The study is based on gathering of data on medication from 921 patient records belonging to patients included in the Bergen NORSTROKE registry, 12.2009‐02.2012. In this database risk factors, stroke severity, etiology, and blood analyses were prospectively registered. We have retrospectively registered if patients received one drug or more from a list of analgesics, sleeping drugs, and sedatives within the first 48 hr after admission.ResultsIn total, 921 patients were included in the study, 408 females and 513 males. Mean age was 71.0 years. In total, 101 patients were given sleeping drugs, 97 patients sedatives and 140 patients analgesics. Of the group given analgesics, 90 patients were given codeine‐containing analgesics. Logistic regression analyses showed that codeine‐containing analgesics were associated with an increased occurrence of pneumonia (OR = 3.8, p < .001), stroke worsening (OR = 2.7, p = .001), and a higher mRS‐score (OR = 2, p = .024) day 7. The study did not show any relation between poorer prognosis or increased occurrence of complications and the use of other analgesics, sedatives and/or sleeping drugs.ConclusionUse of codeine‐containing analgesics is associated with a poorer short‐term prognosis and an increased occurrence of complications in the acute phase after a stroke. The highly significant findings suggest that codeine has a negative effect on acute stroke patients. The study reflects exploratory analyses and prospective studies are necessary to determine the background of the association observed in our study.
Cortical morphology in patients with transient global amnesia
Authors: Kim Hyung Chan , Lee Byung In , Kim Sung Eun , Park Kang Min 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated alterations in cortical morphology in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA).Materials and MethodsDiagnoses of TGA occurred at our hospital. Evaluation involved a structured interview to obtain clinical information and a brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. We analyzed whole‐brain T1‐weighted MRI data using FreeSurfer 5.1. Measures of cortical morphology, such as thickness, surface area, volume, and curvature were compared between patients with TGA and healthy controls. We also quantified the correlations between clinical variables and each measure of abnormal cortical morphology.ResultsSeventy patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared to healthy controls, patients with TGA had significant alterations in cortical thickness in several regions of bilateral hemisphere. Moreover, several regions of cortical volumes in left hemisphere were significantly different between patients with TGA and healthy controls. In addition, there were significant correlations between the durations of episodes and cortical thickness, especially in the parietal cortex. However, there were no differences between groups in other measures of cortical morphology, including surface area and curvatures.ConclusionsWe observed significant alterations in cortical morphology in patients with TGA; these alterations are implicated in the pathogenesis of TGA.
Effects of belief in luck on the attractiveness of loyalty programmes
Authors: Ladeira Wagner Junior , Santini Fernando De Oliveira , Sampaio Claudio Hoffmann , Boeira Juan Pablo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is to demonstrate that the perception of belief in luck affects loyalty programmes, causing people making cognitive (affective) choices to feel more (less) attracted. To validate our hypotheses, we conducted 3 related experiments (2 laboratory tests and 1 in the field). We found that the perception of belief in luck (bad or good) affects the relationship between loyalty programmes and attractiveness (Study 1). We study this effect considering the mechanisms of points‐pressure and rewarded behaviour. Thereafter, we established that cognitive (affective) decisions promoted an increase (decrease) in attractiveness when consumers were exposed to continuous loyalty programmes because their belief in luck was lower (Studies 2 and 3). We believe that these changes occur because the consumer's belief in luck masks the uncertainty in the decision‐making process.
Procedural trends, outcomes, and readmission rates pre‐and post‐FDA approval for MitraClip from the National Readmission Database (2013–14)
Authors: Panaich Sidakpal S. , Arora Shilpkumar , Badheka Apurva , Kumar Varun , Maor Elad , Raphael Claire , Deshmukh Abhishek , Reeder Guy , Eleid Mackram , Rihal Charanjit S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere are sparse clinical data on the procedural trends, outcomes and readmission rates following FDA approval and expansion of Transcatheter mitral valve repair/MitraClip®. Whether a complex new technology can be disseminated safely and quickly is controversial.MethodsThe study cohort was derived from the National Readmission Data (NRD) 2013–14. MitraClip® was identified using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes. The primary outcome was a composite of in‐hospital mortality + procedural complications. Secondary outcome included 30‐day readmissions. Hierarchical two level logistic models were used to evaluate study outcomes.ResultsOur analysis included 2003 MitraClip® procedures. Overall in‐hospital mortality was 3.9%. As expected, there was a significant increase in procedural volume post‐FDA approval. Importantly, a corresponding downward trend in mortality and procedural complications was observed. Significant predictors of in‐hospital mortality and procedural complications included the use of vasopressors (P <0.001) and hemodynamic support (P < 0.001). Higher hospital volume (≥10 MitraClips/year) was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality and complications (P = 0.02). There were 304 (15.1%) 30‐day readmissions, with heart failure being the most common cause of readmission. Elective procedures had lower in‐hospital mortality (P < 0.001) and lower readmission rates (P = 0.011) compared with nonelective procedures.ConclusionA significant increase in MitraClip® procedural volumes occurred post‐FDA approval. Overall morbidity and mortality were low and trended downwards. Hospital procedure volume ≥10 cases were associated with lower mortality and overall complication rates. These data suggest a successful roll out of a very complex novel structural heart procedure.
Significant Enhancement of the Photoelectrochemical Activity of CuWO4 by using a Cobalt Phosphate Nanoscale Thin Film
Authors: Chen Shuai , Hossain M. Nur , Chen Aicheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNanostructured CuWO4 photoanodes were fabricated through a facile electrodeposition method, which was followed by annealing the sample at 500 °C for 2 h. The morphologies, crystalline structure, electronic states, optical behaviors, and photoelectrochemical characteristics of the CuWO4 nanomaterial were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy, showing that the formed triclinic CuWO4 nanoparticles had an indirect band gap of 2.2 eV and strong response to visible light. The cobalt phosphate (CoPi) nanoscale thin film, which was used as a co‐catalyst, was electrodeposited on the CuWO4 surface. The photocurrent of the cobalt phosphate complex‐catalyzed CuWO4 electrodes exhibited an 86 % higher photocurrent response than that of the unmodified CuWO4 nanoparticles under the irradiation of one simulated sun (100 mW cm−2). The kinetics of this photoelectrochemical water splitting process was further investigated, and it was found that a more negative flat band potential and reduced charge transfer resistance were likely the primary reasons behind the enhancement.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Reactions of Truly Cationic NiI–Phosphine Complexes
Authors: Schwab Miriam Mareen , Himmel Daniel , Kacprzak Sylwia , Radtke Valentin , Kratzert Daniel , Weis Philippe , Wernet Melanie , Peter Andreas , Yassine Zeinab , Schmitz Dominik , Scheidt Ernst‐Wilhelm , Scherer Wolfgang , Weber Stefan , Feuerstein Wolfram , Breher Frank , Higelin Alexander , Krossing Ingo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe recently published purely metallo‐organic NiI salt [Ni(cod)2][Al(ORF)4] (1, cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene, RF=C(CF3)3) provides a starting point for a new synthesis strategy leading to NiI phosphine complexes, replacing cod ligands by phosphines. Clearly visible colour changes indicate reactions within minutes, while quantum chemical calculations (PBE0‐D3(BJ)/def2‐TZVPP) approve exergonic reaction enthalpies in all performed ligand exchange reactions. Hence, [Ni(dppp)2][Al(ORF)4] (2, dppp=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane), [Ni(dppe)2][Al(ORF)4] (3, dppe=1,3‐bis(diphenyl‐phosphino)ethane), three‐coordinate [Ni(PPh3)3][Al(ORF)4] (4) and a remarkable two‐coordinate NiI phosphine complex [Ni(PtBu3)2][Al(ORF)4] (5) were characterised by single crystal X‐ray structure analysis. EPR studies were performed, confirming a nickel d9‐configuration in complexes 2, 4 and 5. This result is supported by additional magnetization measurements of 4 and 5. Further investigations by cyclic voltammetry indicate relatively high oxidation potentials for these NiI compounds between 0.7 and 1.7 V versus Fc/Fc+. Screening reactions with O2 and CO gave first insights on the reaction behaviour of the NiI phosphine complexes towards small molecules with formation of mixed phosphine‐CO‐NiI complexes and oxidation processes yielding new NiI and/or NiII derivatives. Moreover, 4 reacted with CH2Cl2 at RT to give a dimeric NiII ylide complex (4 c). As CH2Cl2 is a rather stable alkyl halide with relatively high C−Cl bond energies, 4 appears to be a suitable reagent for more general C−Cl bond activation reactions.
Mutagenesis of Sequence Determinants of Truncated Porcine ALOX15 Induces Changes in the Reaction Specificity by Altering the Catalytic Mechanism of Initial Hydrogen Abstraction
Authors: Saura Patricia , Kaganer Ilya , Heydeck Dagmar , Lluch José M. , Kühn Hartmut , González‐Lafont Àngels 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe reaction specificity of lipoxygenases is of physiological relevance since the various oxygenation products exhibit different biological activities. Among mammalian ALOX15 orthologs there are arachidonic acid 12‐ and 15‐lipoxygenating enzymes and recent studies suggested an evolutionary switch in that reaction specificity during late primate development. Previous reports showed that 12‐lipoxygenating ALOX15 orthologs can be converted to 15‐lipoxygenating enzymes by site‐directed mutagenesis of some sequence determinants. Unfortunately, the molecular basis for those alterations are not well understood. Here, the arachidonic acid 12‐lipoxygenating N‐terminal truncation variant of pig ALOX15, for which a crystal structure is available, was used to explore the catalytic mechanism of the specificity switch induced by mutagenesis of Val418 and Val419 sequence determinants. We found that Val418Ile+Val419Met double mutant is dominantly 15‐lipoxygenating. Docking and MD simulations, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations indicated that the wildtype energy barrier for arachidonic acid 15‐lipoxygenation is 3.4 kcal mol−1 higher than for 12‐lipoxygenation. In contrast, for the Val418Ile+Val419Met double mutant the energy barrier for 12‐lipoxygenation is 6.0 kcal mol−1 higher than for 15‐lipoxygenation. Our data suggest that enzyme–substrate complex geometries determine the value of these energy barriers and, as a consequence, the reaction specificity of ALOX15 orthologs.
Braking of a Light‐Driven Molecular Rotary Motor by Chemical Stimuli
Authors: van Leeuwen Thomas , Danowski Wojciech , Pizzolato Stefano F. , Štacko Peter , Wezenberg Sander J. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractArtificial molecular motors hold great promise for application in responsive functional materials as well as to control the properties of biohybrid systems. Herein a strategy is reported to modulate the rotation of light‐driven molecular motors. That is, the rotary speed of a molecular motor, functionalized with a biphenol moiety, could be decreased in situ by non‐covalent substrate binding, as was established by 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. These findings constitute an important step in the development of multi‐responsive molecular machinery.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Polypropionate Fragments based on a Building Block Assembly Strategy using Lithiation‐Borylation Methodologies
Authors: Millán Alba , Grigol Martinez Pablo D. , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPolypropionates are important structural motifs in nature and are commonly made by iterative aldol or crotylation methodologies. Herein, an alternative strategy is presented in which stereochemically predefined building blocks, bearing appropriate functionality, are coupled together using a lithiation‐borylation methodology with complete stereocontrol. The building blocks comprise lithiated carbamates acting as donors, and boronic esters acting as acceptors. The acceptor building blocks contain β‐hydroxyl groups masked as silyl groups to avoid elimination of the boronate intermediates. Subsequent oxidation of both the boron and silyl moieties can then deliver an array of polypropionate fragments with full stereochemical control, including the synthetically challenging anti‐anti isomers.
Voltage‐Controlled Switching of Strong Light–Matter Interactions using Liquid Crystals
Authors: Hertzog Manuel , Rudquist Per , Hutchison James A. , George Jino , Ebbesen Thomas W. , Börjesson Karl 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe experimentally demonstrate a fine control over the coupling strength of vibrational light–matter hybrid states by controlling the orientation of a nematic liquid crystal. Through an external voltage, the liquid crystal is seamlessly switched between two orthogonal directions. Using these features, for the first time, we demonstrate electrical switching and increased Rabi splitting through transition dipole moment alignment. The C−Nstr vibration on the liquid crystal molecule is coupled to a cavity mode, and FT‐IR is used to probe the formed vibropolaritonic states. A switching ratio of the Rabi splitting of 1.78 is demonstrated between the parallel and the perpendicular orientation. Furthermore, the orientational order increases the Rabi splitting by 41 % as compared to an isotropic liquid. Finally, by examining the influence of molecular alignment on the Rabi splitting, the scalar product used in theoretical modeling between light and matter in the strong coupling regime is verified.
A chiral enantioseparation generic strategy for anti‐Alzheimer and antifungal drugs by short end injection capillary electrophoresis using an experimental design approach
Authors: Abdel‐Megied Ahmed M. , Hanafi Rasha S. , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present study describes a generic strategy using capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for chiral enantioseparation of anti‐Alzheimer drugs, namely, donepezil (DON), rivastigmine (RIV), and antifungal drugs, namely, ketoconazole (KET), Itraconazole (ITR), fluconazole (FLU), and sertaconazole (SRT) in which these drugs have different basic and acidic properties. Several modified cyclodextrins (CDs) were applied for enantioseparation of racemates such as highly sulfated α, γ CDs, hydroxyl propyl‐β‐CD, and Sulfobutyl ether‐β‐CD. The starting screening conditions consist of 50‐mM phosphate‐triethanolamine buffer at pH 2.5, an applied voltage of 15 kV, and a temperature of 25°C. The CE strategy implemented in the separation starts by screening prior to the optimization stage in which an experimental design is applied. The design of experiment (DOE) was based on a full factorial design of the crucial two factors (pH and %CD) at three levels, to make a total of nine (32) experiments with high, intermediate, and low values for both factors. Evaluation of the proposed strategy pointed out that best resolution was obtained at pH 2.5 for five racemates using low percentages of HS‐γ‐CD, while SBE‐β‐CD was the most successful chiral selector offering acceptable resolution for all the six racemates, with the best separation at low pH values and at higher %CD within 10‐min runtime. Regression study showed that the linear model shows a significant lack of fit for all chiral selectors, anticipating that higher orders of the factors are most likely to be present in the equation with possible interactions.
Energy Storage for the Energy Transition: Salt Hydrate Based Low‐Temperature Latent Heat Storage
Authors: Rathgeber Christoph , Helm Martin , Hiebler Stefan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLatentwärmespeicher stellen nutzbare thermische Energie mit hoher Speicherdichte zur Verfügung. Für Anwendungen bis ca. 100 °C bieten sich als Speichermaterialien Salzhydrate an. Es wurde ein Latentwärmespeicher mit eingetauchtem Kapillarrohrwärmeübertrager entwickelt, um Salzhydrate langzeitstabil verwenden zu können. Dieses Konzept wurde zur Unterstützung der trockenen Rückkühlung von Sorptionskälteanlagen in solaren Klimatisierungssystemen sowie zur Gebäudekühlung über Flächenkühlsysteme eingesetzt. Derzeit werden neue Salzhydratmischungen für weitere energierelevante Anwendungen untersucht.
Estimation of losses in strip and circular wire conductors of radiofrequency planar surface coil by using the finite element method
Authors: Giovannetti Giulio , Fontana Nunzia , Monorchio Agostino , Tosetti Michela , Tiberi Gianluigi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn accurate coil design is a fundamental task to maximize signal‐to‐noise ratio in magnetic resonance applications. Coil design techniques take advantage of computer simulations especially when coil size is comparable to the radiofrequency (RF) wavelength. In particular, the estimation of the losses within the conductors as well as the radiative losses, both as a function of frequency, is instrumental to a complete coil performance characterization. However, the cross‐sectional shape of the conductors strongly affects the radiofrequency coil's performance, especially at those frequencies where conductor losses represent the dominant power dissipation mechanism. Indeed, at radiofrequencies, the current flowing in the conductor is distributed in the proximity of its surface instead of being uniformly distributed over the cross section; it follows that an accurate conductor losses estimation can be performed only in the case of wire conductors by using analytical formulations. For strip conductors, although different theoretical approaches have been proposed in literature by taking into account the losses, no closed‐form expression for conductors resistance is available which takes into account both classical and lateral skin effects. In this work, finite element method (FEM) simulations have been performed for estimating conductor and radiative losses in planar surface loops made of strips and circular wires; the results have been compared against analytical formulations and literature data. Workbench tests performed on two circular coil prototypes, the first one constituted by a strip and the second one by circular wire conductors, tuned at 63.9 MHz and 127.8 MHz, showed a good agreement with FEM simulations.