bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of EST‐SSR markers for Catalpa bungei (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Wang Peng , Ma Yuzhu , Ma Lingling , Li Ya , Wang Shu'an , Li Linfang , Yang Rutong , Wang Qing 
Published: April 2016

Premise of the study:Catalpa bungei (Bignoniaceae) is a deciduous tree native to China. We developed microsatellite markers for C. bungei to investigate its population genetics.Methods and Results:One hundred seventy‐seven expressed sequence tag (EST)–simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs were isolated and characterized using next‐generation sequencing. Thirty of these primer pairs were polymorphic loci in 52 individuals of C. bungei. The number of alleles ranged from two to 18 with observed and expected heterozygosity values of 0.05−1.00 and 0.18−0.95, respectively. The fixation index ranged from −1.00 to 1.00 with an average of 0.32. No linkage disequilibrium was detected in any pair of loci. All markers showed good amplification results in four species (C. bungei, C. fargesii, C. duclouxii, and C. ovata) except three loci.Conclusions:These polymorphic markers are expected to be helpful in further studies on the systematics and phylogeography of C. bungei and related species.
NEW DISCOVERIES FROM THE ARECIBO 327 MHz DRIFT PULSAR SURVEY RADIO TRANSIENT SEARCH
Authors: Deneva J. S. , Stovall K. , McLaughlin M. A. , Bagchi M. , Bates S. D. , Freire P. C. C. , Martinez J. G. , Jenet F. , Garver-Daniels N. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present Clusterrank, a new algorithm for identifying dispersed astrophysical pulses. Such pulses are commonly detected from Galactic pulsars and rotating radio transients (RRATs), which are neutron stars with sporadic radio emission. More recently, isolated, highly dispersed pulses dubbed fast radio bursts (FRBs) have been identified as the potential signature of an extragalactic cataclysmic radio source distinct from pulsars and RRATs. Clusterrank helped us discover 14 pulsars and 8 RRATs in data from the Arecibo 327 MHz Drift Pulsar Survey (AO327). The new RRATs have DMs in the range 23.5–86.6 pc cm−3 and periods in the range 0.172–3.901 s. The new pulsars have DMs in the range 23.6–133.3 pc cm−3 and periods in the range 1.249–5.012 s, and include two nullers and a mode-switching object. We estimate an upper limit on the all-sky FRB rate of 105 day−1 for bursts with a width of 10 ms and flux density ≳83 mJy. The DMs of all new discoveries are consistent with a Galactic origin. In comparing statistics of the new RRATs with sources from the RRATalog, we find that both sets are drawn from the same period distribution. In contrast, we find that the period distribution of the new pulsars is different from the period distributions of canonical pulsars in the ATNF catalog or pulsars found in AO327 data by a periodicity search. This indicates that Clusterrank is a powerful complement to periodicity searches and uncovers a subset of the pulsar population that has so far been underrepresented in survey results and therefore in Galactic pulsar population models.
SINGLE AND DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION AND PHOTODISSOCIATION OF TOLUENE BY SOFT X-RAYS IN A CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Monfredini T. , Fantuzzi F. , Nascimento M. A. C. , Wolff W. , Boechat-Roberty H. M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their methyl derivatives mainly occurs in the dust shells of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. The bands at 3.3 and 3.4 μm, observed in infrared emission spectra of several objects, are attributed C–H vibrational modes in aromatic and aliphatic structures, respectively. In general, the feature at 3.3 μm is more intense than that at 3.4 μm. Photoionization and photodissociation processes of toluene, the precursor of methylated PAHs, were studied using synchrotron radiation at soft X-ray energies around the carbon K edge using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Partial ion yields of a large number of ionic fragments were extracted from single and 2D-spectra, where electron-ion coincidences have revealed the doubly charged parent molecule and several doubly charged fragments containing seven carbon atoms with considerable abundance. Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory were performed in order to elucidate the chemical structure of these stable dicationic species. The survival of the dications subjected to hard inner shell ionization suggests that they could be observed in the interstellar medium, especially in regions where PAHs are detected. The ionization and destruction of toluene induced by X-rays were examined in the T Dra conditions, a carbon-rich AGB star. In this context, a minimum photodissociation radius and the half-life of toluene subjected to the incidence of the soft X-ray flux emitted from a companion white dwarf star were determined.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Erosion-free and Erosion-present Status in Psoriatic Arthritis in a Cohort Study
Authors: Touma Zahi , Thavaneswaran Arane , Chandran Vinod , Pellett Fawnda , Cook Richard J. , Gladman Dafna D. 
Published: April 2016

Objective.Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has been recognized as a severe erosive disease. However, some patients do not develop erosions. We aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of erosion-free patients (EFP) as compared with erosion-present patients (EPP) among patients with PsA followed prospectively.Methods.This is a retrospective analysis conducted on patients from the Toronto PsA cohort. Patients with at least 10 years of followup and radiographs were analyzed. Radiographs were scored with the modified Steinbrocker method. Baseline (first visit to clinic) characteristics were used to predict the development of erosions with logistic regression models. To examine the effect of time-varying covariates, Cox regression models were fit for the time to development of erosions from baseline.Results.Among 290 patients, 12.4% were EFP and 87.6% were EPP over the study period. The mean time to development of erosion in the EPP over the course of followup was 6.8 ± 6.1 years. EFP were diagnosed with psoriasis at a younger age compared with EPP. In both models, actively inflamed joints and clinically damaged joints were predictive of the development of erosion, whereas a longer duration of psoriasis at baseline decreased the odds of developing erosion. EPP had a higher percentage of unemployment as compared with EFP at baseline and followup visits.Conclusion.Among patients with PsA followed for at least 10 years, 12.4% never develop erosions. The clinical and radiographic findings can ultimately assist in the stratification of a patient’s prognosis regarding the development of erosions.
The cardiac patient in Ramadan
Authors: Pasha Majed Chamsi , Pasha Hassan Chamsi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRamadan is one of the five fundamental pillars of Islam. During this month, the majority of the 1.6 billion Muslims worldwide observe an absolute fast from dawn to sunset without any drink or food. Our review shows that the impact of fasting during Ramadan on patients with stable cardiac disease is minimal and does not lead to any increase in acute events. Most patients with the stable cardiac disease can fast safely. Most of the drug doses and their regimen are easily manageable during this month and may need not to be changed. Ramadan fasting is a healthy nonpharmacological means for improving cardiovascular risk factors. Most of the Muslims, who suffer from chronic diseases, insist on fasting Ramadan despite being exempted by religion. The Holy Quran specifically exempts the sick from fasting. This is particularly relevant if fasting worsens one's illness or delays recovery. Patients with unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction, uncontrolled hypertension, decompensated heart failure, recent cardiac intervention or cardiac surgery or any debilitating diseases should avoid fasting.
Troubleshooting during pacemaker implant in persistent left superior vena cava with absence of right superior vena cava (isolated persistent left superior vena cava)
Authors: Razi Mahmadulla , Madaan Amit , Goel Amit , Sinha Santosh Kumar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPersistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with absence of right SVC (isolated PLSVC) is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs as a result of a degenerative condition in the left anterior cardinal vein. It is generally an incidental finding while performing invasive procedures such as antiarrhythmic device implantation. We report on a rare case of permanent pacemaker implantation in a patient with this anomaly from right subclavian route, albeit most of the earlier reported cases are from left subclavian approach. A wide spectrum of clinicians should be aware of this anomaly, its variations, and possible complications.
Prevalence of gingivitis and associated factors in 13–16-year-old adolescents in Greece
Authors: Chrysanthakopoulos Nikolaos Andreas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of gingivitis and investigate possible associations among gingivitis and socioeconomic, demographic variables and oral hygiene habits in a sample of adolescents in Greece. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 812 adolescents, 384 boys and 428 girls aged 13-16 years. All participants were clinically examined and answered questions regarding socioeconomic, demographic variables and oral hygiene habits. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire items was carried out by using a multiple logistic regression analysis models. Results: Five hundred and ninety-one adolescents were diagnosed as having gingivitis giving a prevalence rate 72.8%. Male gender (P < 0.05), lower parental educational (P < 0.01) and income level (P = 0.001), no regular dental follow-up (P < 0.001), no daily tooth-brushing (P < 0.001), no dental floss use (P < 0.001), presence of dental plaque (P < 0.001), and smoking (P < 0.001) were the most important associated factors of gingivitis. Conclusion: The study showed that gingivitis was associated with male gender, lower educational and income parental level, inadequate oral hygiene, the presence of dental plaque and smoking while the prevalence of this condition in the study sample was 72.8%.
Single application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste-based paste prevents in vitro erosive wear
Authors: de Oliveira Daniela Silva Barroso , Santin Gabriela Cristina , Honório Heitor Marques , Rios Daniela , Gatón Patrícia Hernandes , da Silva Léa Assed Bezerra , Romano Fábio Lourenço , da Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of a single application of a casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste (CPP-ACP) in comparison with a fluoride varnish, in enamel of bovine teeth, after erosive challenge using cola soft drink. Materials and Methods: Forty-five enamel specimens were obtained from bovine teeth, selected according to the surface hardness and randomly divided into three groups: G1 – Fluoride varnish, G2 – CPP-ACP-based paste, and G3 – Control, without any treatment. The enamel specimens were treated using each group material and subjected to three daily erosive challenges by immersion of the specimens in cola soft drink for 5 min, during 5 days. Between the erosive cycles, the enamel specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. The initial profilometry (prechallenge) and the final profilometry (postchallenge) were used to evaluate the enamel loss. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey′s Test (P < 0.05). Results: The single application of CPP-ACP (G2: 4.17 ± 0.77 μm) resulted in less enamel loss compared to control (G3: 4.74 ± 0.52 μm) and higher enamel loss compared to fluoride varnish application (G1: 3.01 ± 0.45 μm) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The CPP-ACP paste was effective in reducing enamel wear after erosive cycles, however, the best potential for erosion prevention was observed when using the fluoride varnish.
A Dance or a Marriage? The Relationship between Education and the Law in South Africa Some Personal Observations from Two Vantage Points
Authors: Beckmann Johan 
Published: April 2016

This article deals with the debate in education and law circles about the convergence of the two fields of knowledge in an area conveniently called education law. It recognises that there is no universal acknowledgement of the existence of such a discipline.
Although the article does not present a full scale analysis of the relationship between education and law, it does present some views emerging from the existence and functioning of two organisations in South Africa namely the South African Education Law Association (SAELA) and the Interuniversity Centre for Education Law and Policy (CELP). Both of the organisations aim to promote education law research and training. In light of the existing literature the relationship is likened to a marriage of convenience or a dance in which the quality of the relationship between the two fields varies.
The author examines and concurs with opinions that there are grounds to support the notion that a discrete field of inquiry named education law does exist in South Africa. However, the relationship still needs to be developed for the field to mature as an academic discipline. Among the problems that have to be addressed are the lack of interest in universities (especially law faculties at former English universities) in this field, the subsequent imbalance between educators and jurists active in the field and the failure of educational administrators to abide by the law even if they are aware of what the law requires. Added to this failure is a lack of knowledge among administrators of education law and the presence of a phenomenon termed the use of imagined power among them.
The article concludes that there are indications that the relationship between education and the law can lead to the development and promotion of a discrete field of law named education law.
The Nexus between the Rights to Life and to a Basic Education in South Africa
Authors: Serfontein Erika (EM) 
Published: April 2016

This article aims at exploring the nexus between the fundamental rights to life and to a basic education within the ambit of the legal framework created by both the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 and the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996. Attention is drawn to the role of the law to order the living world humans live in an thus creating an emancipated framework allowing individuals a moral and self-sufficient life.The overarching goal of the supreme Constitution is to improve the quality of life of all citizens and ultimately to free everyone’s potential. In order to reach this goal and allow everyone to live a dignified life that it is worth living, the importance of education is highlighted.
As important source of education law, the objectives of the Schools Act, namely to (a) provide education of a progressively high quality, (b) lay a strong foundation for the development of humans’ talents and capabilities, (c) advance democratic transformation, (d) combat discrimination and intolerance, (e) assist the eradication of poverty and the well-being of society, (f) uphold learner rights and (g) promote the acceptance of responsibility are discussed and their practical realisation scrutinised. This lead to the author to establish the nexus between the two fundamental rights and to delineate the prominence of the delivering of a progressively high quality of education is provided to all South Africans to enhance their quality of life.
By taking regard of the role of the law in the sphere of education, the duties placed on all educational role-players to take responsibility for the delivery of educational services and be accountable therefore, are highlighted. The value of education was in this regard stressed in order to enable humans to take responsibility for their own lives, the conditions under which they live, the choices they make and the changes they bring about to better their lives.
The Role of Law in Prompting Parents to Participate Accountably with Education Partners
Authors: De Waal Elda , Serfontein Erika 
Published: April 2016

Bearing in mind the previous Gauteng Education MEC’s recent indication that “discipline starts at home”, our article focuses on what South African law has contributed during the past 20 years to prompt parents participate accountably with partners in public school education, and how case law has defined parent accountability in this regard. Examples of relevant legislation would be those which assign the ultimate responsibility for learner conduct to parents, and call for a harmonious relationship between parents and educators. In line with the South African Schools Act’s requiring that parents partner with the State, educators and learners in accepting responsibility for their children’s schooling, this article highlights the need for a shared vision of the way forward. The importance of having such a shared vision to bring these disparate stakeholders’ aspirations together around the common goal, namely to develop all learners’ talents and capabilities, is underscored. The authors argue that factors such as reciprocal blame and a lack of cooperation are among the problems that hamper the full realisation in practice of the legislative provisions pertaining to parental accountability. Our article identifies solutions to this challenge, such as parents’ setting upright examples by behaving in an accountable manner, and recommendations, such as empowering parents for their roles as partners in education.
Why is it so Hard to Engage with Practices of the Informal Sector? Experimental Insights from the Indian E-Waste-Collective
Authors: Laser Stefan 
Published: April 2016

Electronic waste is one of the biggest and dirtiest waste streams worldwide, endangering humans and non-humans especially in the 'global south'. The government of India issued a new law to deal with this issue in 2011: the ‘e-waste (Management and Handling) Rules’. This article reconstructs the process by which this law was developed over eight years with ethnographically collected data. It points particularly to the ways the law threatens parts of the informal sector. 'Refurbishers’, who repair used electronic items, are ignored—even though they initially played a crucial part in the newly composed value chain, including during early draft of the electronic waste law. Such informal practices were neglected because of the particular focus of the legislature on modern recycling. This occurred because of the eerie imagination attached to the object electronic waste. Based upon voices from the informal sector, an alternative to this imagination is introduced and critically discussed: 'juggad', a new ideal of the broken down. Taken together, the diplomatic endeavour in this article wants to do more than show that the values of informal sector practices such as refurbishment are not appreciated. The goal is to also describe why it is so hard to engage with these practices in the first place. Bruno Latour's new approach, developed in 'An Inquiry into Modes of Existence' (2013), helps unfolding the argument. This recent shift in the actor-network-theory (ANT) renders a postcolonial reconstruction of democracy feasible.
2016/2 Transfer of undertaking requires overall assessment (DK)
Authors: Norrbom Mariann 
Published: April 2016

2016/2 Transfer of undertaking requires overall assessment (DK)
The Danish Supreme Court recently affirmed that the transfer of a canteen contract to another operator following a tender process did not fall within the scope of the Danish Transfer of Undertakings Act.The Danish Transfer of Undertakings Act applies to the transfer of an undertaking or part of an undertaking, meaning an economic entity which retains its identity. In the test of whether a transfer is a transfer within the meaning of the Act, an overall assessment of all facts surrounding the transfer must be made. This was the issue in this case before the Supreme Court.
2016/9 Employee lawfully dismissed for poor behaviour during investigation of her harassment claim (CY)
Authors: Papakyriacou Panayiota 
Published: April 2016

2016/9 Employee lawfully dismissed for poor behaviour during investigation of her harassment claim (CY)
An employee’s behaviour during the investigation of a sexual harassment complaint that she had made against her manager was a crucial factor in the Court’s decision to dismiss her application for damages for unlawful termination and discrimination.
2016/11 Less favourable treatment over a series of fixed term contracts is sufficiently linked to amount to a ‘series of similar acts’ despite no continuity of employment (UK)
Authors: Coombes Helen 
Published: April 2016

2016/11 Less favourable treatment over a series of fixed term contracts is sufficiently linked to amount to a ‘series of similar acts’ despite no continuity of employment (UK)
The Employment Appeal Tribunal (‘EAT’) held that a university lecturer’s complaints of less favourable treatment over a series of fixed term contracts were sufficiently linked to amount to ‘a series of similar acts’ and therefore could fall within the time limit of three months for bringing a claim in the Employment Tribunal.
Em busca de uma Teologia Pública da Saúde
Authors: Mariano Alex Villas Boas Oliveira 
Published: April 2016

<p>A proposta de uma teologia pública da saúde visa o diálogo entre antropologia teológica e antropologias médicas e da saúde de modo a ampliar a percepção da saúde, não somente como fato, mas como valor. Mesmo um Estado Laico, suas tradições religiosas possuem hermenêuticas de saúde, ao interpretar a doença e a morte com razões religiosas distintas, ora conflitantes, ora cooperativas com as ciências da saúde. Ampliar essas hermenêuticas religiosas compondo a sabedoria de vida presente nas expressões religiosas e o conhecimento científico da área de saúde visa uma cooperação para interesses de bem comum da sociedade civil, como é a questão da saúde. Para essa reflexão, a escola de Cós combina a sabedoria mítica asclepíade e a ciência jônia. Os mitos de saúde nomeados no juramento hipocrático pertencem à tradição da teologia poética grega e indica uma espécie de credo no qual a medicina hipocrática professa, no qual o médico além de profissional também possui fé na vida e exerce o ofício de sacerdote da esperança. Interessa ainda o modo como o a teologia da saúde grega foi recebida pela teologia cristã, e como ambas desconstruíram suas teodiceias. Nessa recepção há um caminho para pensar uma teologia pública da saúde.</p><p> </p>
Intrinsic asymmetry in chiral domain walls due to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Kim Dae-Yun , Kim Duck-Ho , Choe Sug-Bong 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We present an analytical description of the energy density of chiral magnetic domain walls (DWs) that considers variations in DW width. Surprisingly, under the application of a longitudinal in-plane magnetic field, the DW width varies abnormally, resulting in an asymmetric variation of the DW energy density. Such asymmetry is attributable to the nonlinear contribution to the effective magnetic field from the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. The formation of such asymmetric DWs is confirmed by a micromagnetic simulation. The present prediction proposes a possible origin of the experimental asymmetry related to chiral damping.