bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of released exosomes from satellite glial cells under normal and inflammatory conditions
Authors: Duroux M. , Vinterhøj H.S.H. , Stensballe A. , Gazerani P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are non-neuronal cells that entirely surround neurons within sensory ganglia. This unique structure allows SGC-neuron interactions. Altered cross-talk following nerve injury or inflammation is thought to contribute to pathogenesis of chronic pain. Release of extracellular vesicles in form of exosomes has been found to play a key role in cell-cell communication. However, release of exosomes from SGCs and their potential role in modulating pain remain unknown. Hence, this study aimed at identifying and characterizing shed exosomes from SGCs under normal and inflammatory conditions.

Methods
Fresh primary cultures of rat trigeminal ganglia (TG) were prepared from adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Danish Animal Inspectorate approved the study protocol. Primary SGCs were kept in culture up to 21 days and were characterized by morphology and immunohistochemistry. Cultured SGCs were monitored under normal and LPS (50 ng/mL) treatment. Collection of conditioned media was performed over time and exosomes were isolated. Particle size distribution and total protein were determined by NTA and LC–MS/MS, respectively.

Results
SGCs formed small clusters, spread outwards to areas devoid of cells but remained spindle-like in appearance with larger cell bodies. The primary cultures of SGCs were clearly GS positive with a low expression of GFAP. LPS treatment led to higher GFAP expression. Particle size distribution showed that two third of the particles were in the exosomal size range. Upon LPS-stimulation, four proteins (histone H2B, ubiquitin-60S ribosomal, myosin-9, elongation factor 1-alpha) were found exclusively expressed compared to normal treated SGCs.

Conclusions
For the first time it was demonstrated that SGCs shed extracellular vesicles in exosomal size range. Mysoin-9 was identified as a possible novel marker of SGCs activation under inflammatory conditions. This protein plays a role in cell-cell adhesion and possibly contributes to SGC-SGC cross-talk upon inflammation which may consequently influence the excitability of nearby neurons.
Fixed or adapted conditioning intensity for repeated conditioned pain modulation
Authors: Hoegh M. , Petersen K.K. , Graven-Nielsen T. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is used to assess descending pain modulation through a test stimulation (TS) and a conditioning stimulation (CS). Due to potential carry-over effects, sequential CPM paradigms might alter the intensity of the CS, which potentially can alter the CPM-effect. This study aimed to investigate the difference between a fixed and adaptive CS intensity on CPM-effect.

Methods
On the dominant leg of 20 healthy subjects the cuff pressure detection threshold (PDT) was recorded as TS and the pain tolerance threshold (PTT) was assessed on the non-dominant leg for estimating the CS. The difference in PDT before and during CS defined the CPM-effect. The CPM-effect was assessed four times using a CS with intensities of 70% of baseline PTT (fixed) or 70% of PTT measured throughout the session (adaptive). Pain intensity of the conditioning stimulus was assessed on a numeric rating scale (NRS). Data were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results
No difference was found comparing the four PDTs assessed before CSs for the fixed and the adaptive paradigms. The CS pressure intensity for the adaptive paradigm was increasing during the four repeated assessments (P < 0.01). The pain intensity was similar during the fixed (NRS: 5.8±0.5) and the adjusted paradigm (NRS: 6.0±0.4). The CPM-effect was higher using the fixed condition compared with the adaptive condition (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The current study found that sequential CPM paradigms using a fixed conditioning stimulus produced an increased CPM-effect compared with adaptive and increasing conditioning intensities.
Combined treatment (Norspan, Gabapentin and Oxynorm) was found superior in pain management after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Jensen M.B. , Andersen M.M. , Boesen B. , Jørgensen M.B. , Simonsen O. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Gabapentin (GAB) has recently been introduced for postoperative pain treatment in orthopedic surgery. As persistent postoperative pain is still a major problem in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), studies on the effect and side effects of Gabapentin in addition to the commonly used morphine (MOR), Oxynorm (OXY) and Norspan (NOR) are highly warranted. In the present study, four relevant treatment algorithms, gabapentin and morphine (GAB/MOR), gabapentin and Oxynorm (GAB/OXY), Oxynorm (OXY) and Gabapentin, Oxynorm and Norspan (GAB/OXY/NOR) were examined.

Patients and methods
A total of 241 patients were followed systematically during one month following TKA in four consecutive series: 60 patients were treated with GAB/MOR, 62 patients with GAB/OXY, 59 patients with OXY, and 60 patients with GAB/OXY/MOR. On the day before surgery and on postoperative day 1, 14, and 30, pain during rest, pain during walking and side effects (constipation, dizziness, and nausea) were reported (VAS).

Results
After 30 days, pain greatly decreased in all groups, with a superior effect of GAB/OXY/NOR for pain during rest and only slightly more side effects at day 1.

Conclusions
In management of postoperative pain following TKA, data indicated that GAB/OXY/NOR was superior, compared to GAB/MOR, GAB/OXY, and OXY.
Application of miR-223 onto the dorsal nerve roots in rats induces hypoexcitability in the pain pathways
Authors: Legfeldt A. , Jacobsen D.P. , Gjerstad J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
Lumbar radicular pain is often associated with increased local and systemic synthesis of inflammatory mediators. This process can be modulated by specific microRNAs (miRs). Here, in the animal model, we investigated the effect of miR-223 on the spinal nociceptive signaling and local gene expression.

Methods
In anaesthetized Lewis rats, extracellular single unit recordings of spinal nociceptive activity and qPCR were used to explore the effect of miR-223 application onto the dorsal nerve roots (L3–L5).

Results
A significant decrease in the C-fiber response was observed following application of miR-223 onto the dorsal nerve roots. In addition, the gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was increased in the spinal cord.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that miR-223 may influence nociceptive signaling in the pain pathways, possibly by modulating the expression of inflammatory mediators.
The effect of UVB-induced skin inflammation on histaminergic and non-histaminergic evoked itch and pain
Authors: Lo Vecchio S. , Andersen H.H. , Elberling J. , Arendt-Nielsen L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
Itch often occurs in cutaneous conditions characterized by some degree of inflammation, e.g. atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or urticaria. It is unclear to which extent cutaneous inflammation causes sensitization of pruriceptive primary afferent C-fibers. The aim of this study was to explore if inflammation induced by UVB (B-ultraviolet rays) modify neurogenic inflammation and itch associated with experimental itch provocations.

Methods
Twenty healthy volunteers (10F/10M, 26.2 ± 1.6 years) were included. Eight circles (diameter=2cm), four on each volar forearm were studied. Two spots were irradiated with 0.5 × Minimal Erythema Dose (MED), two with 1× MED and two with 2× MED, and two acted as controls. Itch provocations were conducted using histamine (1%) percutaneously introduced and 35–45 cowhage spicules (non-histaminergic itch). The duration and intensity of itch and pain, sensitivity to touch-evoked itch (STI), mechanical pain thresholds (MPT) and sensitivity (MPS), and superficial blood perfusion where measured in UVB-irradiated- and control areas 24-h after UVB-irradiation and following each itch provocation.

Results
UVB induced dose-dependent hyperalgesia validated by decreased MPT, increased MPS and neurogenic inflammation (all P < 0.01). UVB-induced inflammation did not increase the magnitude of itch reported following any itch provocation. However, cowhage was associated with more pain in UVB-irradiated areas and the proportional ratings of the mixed itch and pain sensation was shifted towards increased pain dominance (P < 0.01). Itch provocations did not increase the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by UVB, whereas it provoked an increase in superficial blood perfusion compared to UVB alone (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
(1) The UVB model induces sensitization to pain but not itch stimuli and independently increases the nociceptive sensations associated with non-histaminergic itch provocation. (2) The inflammatory UVB-perturbation does not mimic the sensitization associated with inflammatory dermatoses where lesioned skin is more receptive to pruritogens, suggesting that more specific or prolonged inflammatory processes are involved in clinical itch conditions.
Pain assessment and post-operative pain management in orthopedic patients
Authors: Schmelling W. , Poulsen J.N. , Christrup L. , Gazerani P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
A fast-track based surgical treatment reduces morbidity and hospital stay by providing early mobilization. Sufficient postoperative pain management is mandatory for early mobilization and optimal utilization of rehabilitation measures. Insufficient postoperative pain management is however a widespread problem. Lack of knowledge about pain and pain treatment among health care professionals and general community has been considered as a major potential contributor in insufficient pain management. It has been suggested that severe postoperative pain might imply a potential risk of developing chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to examine this problem in acute and elective surgical patients in department of orthopedic surgery at Bispebjerg Hospital in order to identify obstacles and possibilities for future improvement.

Methods
Questionnaires were developed and distributed to patients consisted of 10 acute admitted and 10 elective orthopedic patients. The patients’ pain scores were recorded with a 0–10 NRS scale. The scores were obtained for current pain in rest, current pain in activity, and the highest and lowest pain intensity for the last 24 hours. Data were handled using descriptive statistics.

Results
The goal for sufficient pain treatment was patients with pain score at ≤ 3 NRS at rest and ≤ 5 in activity. For pain at rest 45% of the patients were within the goal range and 55% for the current pain in activity. For the mildest pain experienced in the last 24 h, 75% and for the worst pain experienced 30% of the patients reached the goal.

Conclusions
Corresponding to similar studies, half of the patients received a sufficient pain treatment at the time of examination. The consequences for insufficient pain management would be reduced effect of the physiotherapy, reduced ability to handle every day activity, sleep disturbances, and potential risk of developing chronic pain.
Experimental neck muscle pain increase pressure pain threshold over cervical facet joints
Authors: Qu Ning , Lindstrøm René , Pessoto Hirata Rogerio , Graven-Nielsen Thomas 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
Evaluate pressure pain threshold (PPT) over cervical facet joints before and after injection of experimental pain in the trapezius and multifidus muscles.

Methods
Fourteen healthy subjects (6 women) received randomized ultrasound-guided injections of hypertonic saline (5.8%), in the right multifidus muscle medial to C4/C5 facet joint and in the right trapezius muscle at the midpoint between C7 spinous process and acromion. The saline-induced pain intensity was assessed on a VAS scale. Before and during saline-induced pain PPTs were assessed by pressure algometry bilaterally over C2/C3 and C5/C6 facet joints. Three-way repeated-measures ANOVA with factors PPT location, injection site, and time was used for analysis. Post-hoc analysis was done by Bonferroni.

Results
Saline-induced trapezius muscle pain increased PPTs over all facet joints (P < 0.05) compared with before pain. Saline-induced multifidus muscle pain increased PPTs bilaterally over C2/C3 facet joints and over the left C5/C6 facet joint (P < 0.05) compared with before pain.

Conclusions
Trapezius muscle pain increased PPT over assessed facet joints. Similar results were found for multifidus muscle pain except for the right C5/C6 facet joint, which was close to the injection site. Such findings may reflect descending inhibitory control acting on structures furthest away from the painful structure.
Evaluation of the benefits from the introduction meeting for patients with chronic non-malignant pain and their relatives in interdisciplinary pain center
Authors: Kristensen H.L.A. , Madsen M. , Jensen P.B.F. , Pawlak W.Z. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Treatment of patients with chronic nonmalignant pain (CNMP) is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary effort. In a multidisciplinary pain center, patients are treated by a team of doctor, nurse, physiotherapist, psychologist and social worker. Especially in the beginning of treatment patients receive much information. Many patients and their relatives have problems with comprehending it.

Objective
This is an action research study aimed to find the optimal mode for to introduce patients with CNMP and their relatives to the multidisciplinary pain treatment.

Method
In the fall of 2016, we began to invite patients and their relatives to the introduction meeting (IM), which takes place in groups of up to 20 people, has duration of 1 hour and is led by the physiotherapist and nurse, but the physician is also present. Invited patients are able to understand written and oral Danish and are not suffering from social phobias. During IM facts about the center, treatment course and pain physiology are presenter. Immediately after IM, participants are anonymously asked about their experiences.

Results
Up to date (February 2017) 254 patients were invited. Invitation was rejected by 63 patients (24,8%). Question about understanding of chronic pain was answered by 108 participants (both patients and their relatives), and 103 participants declared better understanding of chronic pain after IM end before. 69 participants answered question about understanding of treatment course in the center. All but 2 participants declared after IM at their understanding was better end before. In fact, 31 (44,9%) participants estimated changes in understanding of treatment course as much significant.

Conclusion
The IM at the beginning of multidisciplinary therapy seems to be a promising activity for patients with CNMP referred to the multidisciplinary pain center, as well as for their relatives. Study is ongoing and updated results will be presented at the conference.
The shape of change: an EOF approach to identifying sources of transient thickness change in an ice shelf
Authors: Campbell Adam J. , Hulbe Christina L. , Lee Choon-Ki 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) is known to experience transient thickness change due to changes in the flow of its tributary ice streams and glaciers and this may complicate identification of external, climate-forced signals in contemporary observations of ice shelf thinning and thickening. Flux changes at the lateral boundaries produce both instantaneous and longer timescale adjustments in the coupled velocity and thickness fields. Here, we adapt a statistical approach to output from a numerical model of ice shelf flow to identify characteristic patterns (spatial response surfaces) associated with stepped and cyclic perturbations to boundary fluxes. Once known, characteristic patterns identified in observational data may be attributed to specific sources. An example involving discharge of Byrd Glacier into RIS is described. We find that spatial response surfaces for thickness and velocity generated in individual flow model experiments appear to be independent of flux perturbation shape and magnitude. Additionally, recent acceleration of Byrd Glacier is apparent in ICESat-detected change in RIS thickness.
Risk and Protective Factors for Mental Health and Community Cohesion After the 2013 Calgary Flood
Authors: Hetherington Erin , McDonald Sheila , Wu Muci , Tough Suzanne 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine mental health and community cohesion in women living in Calgary after a natural disaster considering previously collected mental health data.MethodsData from an ongoing longitudinal cohort, the All Our Families study, were used to examine mental health and community cohesion 5 months after a major flood in Calgary, Canada. Participants who had completed a baseline questionnaire before the flood were eligible for inclusion in this study (N=923). Four multivariable logistic regression models were built to examine predictors of post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and community cohesion.ResultsElevated anxiety before the flood was associated with 2.49 (95% CI: 1.17, 5.26) increased odds of experiencing high levels of post-traumatic stress, regardless of whether respondents lived in a flood-risk community or not. Women who experienced damage to property, or who provided help to others, were more likely to perceive an increased sense of community cohesion (adjusted ods ratio (AOR): 1.67; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.54 and AOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.52, respectively).ConclusionsWomen with underlying mental health conditions may be more vulnerable to the psychological impacts of a natural disaster regardless of their level of exposure. Natural disasters may bring communities together, especially those who were more tangibly impacted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:470–477)
Spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in relation to geo-ecological features in South Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Shriram A.N. , Sivan A. , Sugunan A.P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe study was undertaken in South Andaman district, comprising three tehsils, viz. Port Blair, Ferrargunj and Little Andaman Tehsils, respectively. Intensive pupal infestation surveys were carried out along the National Highway (NH 223), the main passenger and trade route, referred to as Great Andaman Trunk Road. Sampling locations at every 3 km were geo-referenced with global positioning system unit. A total of 17314 water collections were examined from 29 locations across the South Andaman district, among which 1021 (5.9%) were colonized by immature stages of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and other mosquito species. Ae. aegypti were found in 12 locations, showing higher infestation in the densely built Aberdeen Bazaar. Breeding populations of Ae. albopictus were observed in 27 sampling locations. Both the species were not recorded in two Northern localities. In the areas where both the species are present, they were often found in the same developmental sites, suggesting convergent habitat selection. The most frequently encountered man-made, artificial and natural developmental sites were fixed cement tanks, plastic drums, plastic cans, metal drums, metal pots, discarded tires, coconut shells, leaf axils and tree holes. Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were observed in varying proportions in Port Blair and Ferrargunj Tehsils, while the former species appeared to be absent in Little Andaman. This study elucidates the spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus with preponderance of the latter species, pointing towards arboviral transmission and assumes public health importance in South Andaman district, endemic for dengue.
The AusBeef model for beef production: I. Description and evaluation
Authors: DOUGHERTY H. C. , KEBREAB E. , EVERED M. , LITTLE B. A. , INGHAM A. B. , HEGARTY R. S. , PACHECO D. , MCPHEE M. J. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYAs demand for animal products, such as meat and milk, increases, and concern over environmental impact grows, mechanistic models can be useful tools to better represent and understand ruminant systems and evaluate mitigation options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions without compromising productivity. The objectives of the present study were to describe the representation of processes for growth and enteric methane (CH4) production in AusBeef, a whole-animal, dynamic, mechanistic model for beef production; evaluate AusBeef for its ability to predict daily methane production (DMP, g/day), gross energy intake (GEI, MJ/day) and methane yield (MJ CH4/MJ GEI) using an independent data set; and to compare AusBeef estimates to those from the empirical equations featured in the current National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM, 2016) beef cattle requirements for growth and the Ruminant Nutrition System (RNS), a dynamic, mechanistic model of Tedeschi & Fox, 2016. AusBeef incorporates a unique fermentation stoichiometry that represents four microbial groups: protozoa, amylolytic bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria and lactate-utilizing bacteria. AusBeef also accounts for the effects of ruminal pH on microbial degradation of feed particles. Methane emissions are calculated from net ruminal hydrogen balance, which is defined as the difference between inputs from fermentation and outputs due to microbial use and biohydrogenation. AusBeef performed similarly to the NASEM empirical model in terms of prediction accuracy and error decomposition, and with less root mean square predicted error (RMSPE) than the RNS mechanistic model when expressed as a percentage of the observed mean (RMSPE, %), and the majority of error was non-systematic. For DMP, RMSPE for AusBeef, NASEM and RNS were 24·0, 19·8 and 50·0 g/day for the full data set (n = 35); 25·6, 18·2 and 56·2 g/day for forage diets (n = 19); and 21·8, 21·5 and 41·5 g/day for mixed diets (n = 16), respectively. Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were highest for GEI, with all models having CCC > 0·66, and higher CCC for forage diets than mixed, while CCC were lowest for MY, particularly forage diets. Systematic error increased for all models on forage diets, largely due to an increase in error due to mean bias, and while all models performed well for mixed diets, further refinements are required to improve the prediction of CH4 on forage diets.