bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational environmental effects: functional signals in offspring transcriptomes and metabolomes after parental jasmonic acid treatment in apomictic dandelion
Authors: Verhoeven Koen J. F. , Verbon Eline H. , van Gurp Thomas P. , Oplaat Carla , Ferreira de Carvalho Julie , Morse Alison M. , Stahl Mark , Macel Mirka , McIntyre Lauren M. 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Parental environments can influence offspring traits. However, the magnitude of the impact of parental environments on offspring molecular phenotypes is poorly understood. Here, we test the direct effects and intergenerational effects of jasmonic acid (JA) treatment, which is involved in herbivory‐induced defense signaling, on transcriptomes and metabolomes in apomictic common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale).

In a full factorial crossed design with parental and offspring JA and control treatments, we performed leaf RNA‐seq gene expression analysis, LC‐MS metabolomics and total phenolics assays in offspring plants.

Expression analysis, leveraged by a de novo assembled transcriptome, revealed an induced response to JA exposure that is consistent with known JA effects. The intergenerational effect of treatment was considerable: 307 of 858 detected JA‐responsive transcripts were affected by parental JA treatment. In terms of the numbers of metabolites affected, the magnitude of the chemical response to parental JA exposure was c. 10% of the direct JA treatment response. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses both identified the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway as a target of intergenerational JA effects.

Our results highlight that parental environments can have substantial effects in offspring generations. Transcriptome and metabolome assays provide a basis for zooming in on the potential mechanisms of inherited JA effects.
Genetics and evolution of MIXTA genes regulating cotton lint fiber development
Authors: Wu Huaitong , Tian Yue , Wan Qun , Fang Lei , Guan Xueying , Chen Jiedan , Hu Yan , Ye Wenxue , Zhang Hua , Guo Wangzhen , Chen Xiaoya , Zhang Tianzhen 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Cotton, with cellulose‐enriched mature fibers, is the largest source of natural textiles. Through a map‐based cloning strategy, we isolated an industrially important lint fiber development gene (Li3) that encodes an MYB‐MIXTA‐like transcription factor (MML) on chromosome D12 (GhMML4_D12).

Virus‐induced gene silencing or decreasing the expression of the GhMML4_D12 gene in n2NSM plants resulted in a significant reduction in epidermal cell prominence and lint fiber production. GhMML4_D12 is arranged in tandem with GhMML3, another MIXTA gene responsible for fuzz fiber development. These two very closely related MIXTA genes direct fiber initiation production in two specialized cell forms: lint and fuzz fibers. They may control the same metabolic pathways in different cell types.

The MIXTAs expanded in Malvaceae during their evolution and produced a Malvaceae‐specific family that regulates epidermal cell differentiation, different from the gene family that regulates leaf hair trichome development. Cotton has developed a unique transcriptional regulatory network for fiber development.

Characterization of target genes regulating fiber production has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cotton fiber development and has allowed the use of genetic engineering to increase lint yield by inducing more epidermal cells to develop into lint rather than fuzz fibers.
Process and impact of dialectical behaviour therapy: A systematic review of perceptions of clients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Little Hannah , Tickle Anna , das Nair Roshan 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo identify, appraise, and synthesize findings from qualitative studies of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder who have experienced dialectical behaviour therapy, to gain further understanding of their perceptions of the process and impact of therapy.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive systematic search of the literature from several online databases, and appraised them using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. A meta‐ethnographic approach was used to synthesize the data.ResultsSeven studies met the criteria to be included and their quality subsequently appraised. Four main themes were identified through the synthesis process: life before DBT; the relationships that support change; developing self‐efficacy; and a shift in perspectives.ConclusionsThe findings of the synthesis highlight the importance of a number of key factors in the process of DBT, and the impact that the therapy has both on day‐to‐day life and on individuals' identity.Practitioner points

Existing outcome measures may not capture the complexity and magnitude of impact of DBT on individuals with BPD.

Exploring first‐hand accounts of individuals undertaking DBT can offer unique insight into the processes of therapy.
Screening for Sturge‐Weber syndrome: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Zallmann Michaela , Leventer Richard J. , Mackay Mark T. , Ditchfield Michael , Bekhor Philip S. , Su John C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInfants with a high‐risk distribution of port‐wine stains are commonly screened for Sturge‐Weber syndrome using brain magnetic resonance imaging. There is no consensus about which port‐wine stain phenotypes to screen, optimal timing, screening sensitivity, or whether presymptomatic diagnosis improves neurodevelopmental outcomes. This state‐of‐the‐art review examines the evidence in favor of screening for Sturge‐Weber syndrome, based on its effect on neurodevelopmental outcomes, against the risks and limitations of screening magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted between January 2005 and May 2017 using key search terms. Relevant articles published in English were reviewed; 34 articles meeting the search criteria were analyzed according to the following outcome measures: neurodevelopmental outcome benefit of screening, diagnostic yield, financial costs, procedural risks, and limitations of screening magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. There is no evidence that a presymptomatic Sturge‐Weber syndrome diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging results in better neurodevelopmental outcomes. The utility of electroencephalographic screening is also unestablished. In Sturge‐Weber syndrome, neurodevelopmental outcomes depend on prompt recognition of neurologic red flags and early seizure control. Small numbers and a lack of prospective randomized controlled trials limit these findings. For infants with port‐wine stain involving skin derived from the frontonasal placode (forehead and hemifacial phenotypes), we recommend early referral to a pediatric neurologist for parental education, counselling, and monitoring for neurologic red flags and seizures and consideration of electroencephalography regardless of whether magnetic resonance imaging is performed or its findings.
Massive ascites and the heterozygous alpha 1 antitrypsin (α1AT) living related donor liver in the homozygous child
Authors: Khorsandi Shirin E. , Thompson Richard , Vilca‐Melendez Hector , Dhawan Anil , Heaton Nigel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe following is a short report on the use of a heterozygous (PiMZ) alpha 1 antitrypsin (α1AT) living related donor liver in a homozygous (PiZ) child that was complicated by massive ascites early after transplant. This clinical report is then followed by a brief summary of present knowledge on the α1AT protein and management of massive ascites in the pediatric liver transplant recipient.
Unique profile of antimicrobial peptide expression in polymorphic light eruption lesions compared to healthy skin, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis
Authors: Patra VijayKumar , Mayer Gerlinde , Gruber‐Wackernagel Alexandra , Horn Michael , Lembo Serena , Wolf Peter 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundPolymorphic light eruption (PLE) has been attributed to type IV, most likely delayed‐type hypersensitivity response (adaptive immunity) but little is known on innate immunity, especially antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the disease. Abnormalities in AMP expression have been linked to pathological skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis.MethodsAntimicrobial peptide profiling was carried out in PLE skin samples (n,12) compared with that of healthy (n,13), atopic (n,6), and psoriatic skin (n,6).ResultsCompared to healthy skin, we observed increased expression of psoriasin and RNAse7 (both mostly in stratum granulosum of the epidermis), HBD‐2 (in the cellular infiltrate of the dermis), and LL37 (mostly in and around blood vessels and glands) in PLE lesional skin, a similar expression profile as present in psoriatic skin and different to that of AD (with little or no expression of psoriasin, RNAse7, HBD‐2, and LL37). HBD‐3 was downregulated in PLE compared to its high expression in the epidermis and dermis of healthy skin, AD, and psoriasis.ConclusionThe unique profile of differentially expressed AMPs in PLE implies a role in the pathophysiology of the disease, possibly directly or indirectly linked to the microbiome of the skin.
Approximation Approaches for Inventory Systems with General Production/Ordering Cost Structures
Authors: Lu Ye , Song Miao , Yang Yi 
Published: October 2017

The production/ordering cost structure is fundamental to determining an optimal inventory control policy. For example, it is well known that a base‐stock policy is optimal for inventory systems with linear production costs, whereas an ( s, S) policy is optimal if both linear and fixed costs exist. However, many of the cost structures that have arisen from the practice are quite complex and make the optimal policies too complicated for managers to implement. In this study, we propose several easy‐to‐implement and efficient heuristic policies for inventory systems with general production costs, which include multiple linear pieces and fixed costs, suggesting a wide application to many practical problems that were previously difficult to solve. We establish the worst‐case performance bounds on the proposed heuristic policies by using the concept of K‐approximate convexity. Our extensive numerical studies, which are designed to reflect practical inventory control applications, evaluate the performance of the heuristic policies and show that the best heuristic policy we propose performs extremely well. We also try to provide explanations for the performance of different heuristic policies.
Child‐ and Family‐Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Applications for Suicide Prevention
Authors: Weinstein Sally M. , Cruz Rick A. , Isaia Ashley R. , Peters Amy T. , West Amy E. 
Published: October 2017

Despite high rates of suicide ideation (SI) and behavior in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), little work has examined how psychosocial interventions impact suicidality among this high‐risk group. The current study examined SI outcomes in a randomized clinical trial comparing Child‐ and Family‐Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CFF‐CBT) for PBD versus psychotherapy treatment‐as‐usual (TAU). Although not designed for suicide prevention, CFF‐CBT addresses child and family factors related to suicide risk and thus was hypothesized to generalize to the treatment of suicidality. Participants included 71 youth aged 7–13 years (M = 9.17, SD = 1.60) with DSM‐IV‐TR bipolar I, II, or not otherwise specified randomly assigned, with parent(s), to receive CFF‐CBT or TAU. Both treatments consisted of 12 weekly and 6 monthly booster sessions. Suicide ideation was assessed via clinician interview at baseline, posttreatment, and 6‐month follow‐up. Results indicated that SI was prevalent pretreatment: 39% of youth reported current suicidal thoughts. All youth significantly improved in the likelihood and intensity of ideation across treatment, but group differences were not significant. Thus, findings suggest that early intervention for these high‐risk youth may reduce SI, and at this stage of suicidality, youth may be responsive to even nonspecialized treatment.
Progressive Dehydration in Junior Laser Class Sailors During World Championship
Authors: Arnaoutis Giannis , Verginadis Panagiotis , Seal Adam D. , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Sidossis Labros S. , Kavouras Stavros A. 
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this article is to assess the hydration status of elite young sailing athletes during World Championship competition. Twelve young, elite, male, Laser Class sailors (age: 15.8 ± 1.1 y, height: 1.74 ± 0.1 m, weight: 65.1 ± 1.5 kg, body fat: 12.5 ± 3.1%, training experience: 7.0 ± 1.2 y) participated in this descriptive study. After three-day baseline bodyweight measurements, hydration status was assessed via pre- and post-race body weights, urine-specific gravity, and thirst ratings via a visual analog scale during four consecutive days of racing. Measurements and data collection took place at the same time each racing day, with mean environmental temperature, humidity, and wind speed at 23.0 ± 0.8°C, 64–70%, and 9 ± 1 knots, respectively. Average racing time was 130 ± 9 min. Body weight was significantly decreased following each race-day as compared to prerace values (Day 1: −1.1 ± 0.2, Day 2: −2.5 ± 0.1, Day 3: −2.8 ± 0.1, and Day 4: −3.0 ± 0.1% of body weight; p < 0.05). The participants exhibited dehydration of −2.9 ± 0.2 and −5.8 ± 0.2% of body weight before and after the fourth racing day as compared to the three-day baseline body weight. Urine-specific gravity (pre–post → Day 1: 1.014–1.017; Day 2: 1.019–1.024; Day 3: 1.021–1.026; Day 4: 1.022–1.027) and thirst (pre–post → Day 1: 2.0–5.2; Day 2: 3.2–5.5; Day 3: 3.7–5.7; Day 4: 3.8–6.8) were also progressively and significantly elevated throughout the four days of competition. The data revealed progressive dehydration throughout four consecutive days of racing as indicated by decreased body weight, elevated urine concentration, and high thirst.
Effects of Varying the Step Duration on the Determination of Lactate Thresholds in Elite Rowers
Authors: Bourdon Pitre C. , Woolford Sarah M. , Buckley Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to identify the minimum increment duration required to accurately assess 2 distinct lactate thresholds. A total of 21 elite rowers (12 women and 9 men) participated in this study, and each performed 8 or 9 rowing tests comprising 5 progressive incremental tests (3-, 4-, 5-, 7-, or 10-min steps) and at least three 30-min constant-intensity maximal lactate steady-state assessments. Power output (PO) at lactate threshold 1 was higher in the 3- and 4-min incremental tests. No other measures were different for lactate threshold 1. The PO at the second lactate threshold was different between most tests and was higher than the PO at maximal lactate steady state, except for the 10-min incremental test. Lactate threshold 2 oxygen consumption was higher in the 3-, 4-, and 5-min tests, but heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion were not different between tests. Peak PO in the incremental tests was inversely related to the step durations (r2 = .86, P ≤ .02). Peak oxygen consumption was higher in the shorter (≤5 min) than the longer (≥7 min) incremental tests, whereas peak HR was not different between tests. These data suggest that for the methods used in this study, incremental exercise tests with step durations ≤7 min overestimate maximal lactate steady-state exercise intensity, peak physiological values are best determined using incremental tests with step durations ≤4 min, and HR measures are not affected by step duration, and therefore, prescription of training HRs can be made using any of these tests.
Investigation Into the Relationship Between Adolescents’ Perceived and Actual Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Activity
Authors: McGrane Bronagh , Powell Danielle , Belton Sarahjane , Issartel Johann 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: To explore the relationship between fundamental movement skill (FMS) competence, perceived FMS competence, and physical activity (PA) in adolescents. Methods: The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), the TGMD 2nd Edition (TGMD-2), and the Victorian Skills manual were used to assess FMS competence (locomotor, object control, and stability). The Physical Self Confidence scale was used to assess perceived FMS competence (locomotor, object control, and stability). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was measured via accelerometry. Multi-level modelling analyses was used to examine (i) actual FMS as the predictor and perceived FMS as the outcome, (ii) perceived FMS as the predictor and MVPA as the outcome, and (iii) actual FMS as the predictor and MVPA as the outcome. All analyses were completed for each subtest of FMS (locomotor, object control, and stability). Results: A total of 584 adolescents (boys n = 278) aged 12.82–15.25 years (M = 13.78, SD = .42) participated in this study. Actual stability was associated with perceived stability (p < .01) and MVPA (p < .05) in boys. This was not found true for girls; however, actual locomotor skills were associated with MVPA (p ≤ .05). Boys scored significantly higher than girls for FMS proficiency, perceived FMS, and MVPA (p < .05). Discussion: Gender differences may exist due to cultural gender differences in sport participation norms. Considering the magnitude of physical and psychological changes occurring during adolescence, it is recommended to track young people over time to better understand the relationship between perceived and actual FMS, as well as PA participation.
Effectiveness of Salted Ice Bag Versus Cryocompression on Decreasing Intramuscular and Skin Temperature
Authors: Ostrowski Jennifer , Purchio Angelina , Beck Maria , Leisinger JoLynn 
Published: October 2017

Context: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation are commonly recommended immediately after injury. Traditionally, ice bag (IB) with elastic wrap compression has been utilized; however, recently intermittent cryocompression units are being used. Limited research has evaluated tissue temperature decreases with intermittent cryocompression units. Objective: Evaluate magnitude of muscle and skin cooling. Design: Repeated-measures counterbalanced study. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twelve healthy college-aged participants (4 males and 8 females; age = 23.08 [1.93] y; height = 171.66 [9.47] cm; mass = 73.67 [13.46] kg; subcutaneous thickness = 0.90 [0.35] cm) without compromised circulation or injury. Intervention(s): Salted IB, GameReady (GR), and PowerPlay-ice bag (PP-ice) were applied to the posterior aspect of the nondominant calf for 30 minutes; participants underwent each treatment in counterbalanced order. Main Outcome Measure(s): Muscle temperature measured via 21-gauge catheter thermocouple; skin temperature measured via a surface thermocouple. Temperatures were recorded at baseline and during a 30-minute treatment. Correlations were evaluated between muscle and skin temperatures. Results: Nonsignificant treatment × time interaction and nonsignificant main effect of treatment for intramuscular cooling. Mean Decrease From Baseline: IB, 6.4°C (±2.8); GR, 5.4°C (±1.1); PP-ice, 4.8°C (±2.8). Nonsignificant treatment × time interaction for skin cooling (F20,200 = 1.440, P = .65, , and observed β = 0.773), but significant main effect for treatment (F10,100 = 5.279, P = .03, , and observed β = 1.00). Mean Decrease From Baseline: IB, 17.0°C; GR, 16.4°C; PP-ice, 14.6°C. No significant correlation between intramuscular and skin temperatures in any condition at any time point. No significant correlation between adipose tissue thickness and maximum temperature decrease with any modality. Conclusions: Salted IB with elastic wrap compression, GR, and PP-ice produced equivalent intramuscular temperature decreases during the treatment period.
SwiftandNuSTARobservations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova
Authors: Evans P. A. , Cenko S. B. , Kennea J. A. , Emery S. W. K. , Kuin N. P. M. , Korobkin O. , Wollaeger R. T. , Fryer C. L. , Madsen K. K. , Harrison F. A. , Xu Y. , Nakar E. , Hotokezaka K. , Lien A. , Campana S. , Oates S. R. , Troja E. , Breeveld A. A. , Marshall F. E. , Barthelmy S. D. , Beardmore A. P. , Burrows D. N. , Cusumano G. , D’Aì A. , D’Avanzo P. , D’Elia V. , de Pasquale M. , Even W. P. , Fontes C. J. , Forster K. , Garcia J. , Giommi P. , Grefenstette B. , Gronwall C. , Hartmann D. H. , Heida M. , Hungerford A. L. , Kasliwal M. M. , Krimm H. A. , Levan A. J. , Malesani D. , Melandri A. , Miyasaka H. , Nousek J. A. , O’Brien P. T. , Osborne J. P. , Pagani C. , Page K. L. , Palmer D. M. , Perri M. , Pike S. , Racusin J. L. , Rosswog S. , Siegel M. H. , Sakamoto T. , Sbarufatti B. , Tagliaferri G. , Tanvir N. R. , Tohuvavohu A. 
Published: October 2017

GROWTH observations of GW170817The gravitational wave event GW170817 was caused by the merger of two neutron stars (see the Introduction by Smith). In three papers, teams associated with the GROWTH (Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen) project present their observations of the event at wavelengths from x-rays to radio waves. Evanset al.used space telescopes to detect GW170817 in the ultraviolet and place limits on its x-ray flux, showing that the merger generated a hot explosion known as a blue kilonova. Hallinanet al.describe radio emissions generated as the explosion slammed into the surrounding gas within the host galaxy. Kasliwalet al.present additional observations in the optical and infrared and formulate a model for the event involving a cocoon of material expanding at close to the speed of light, matching the data at all observed wavelengths.Science, this issue p.1565, p.1579, p.1559; see also p.1554
Search for High Energy Gamma Rays From the Sun
Authors: Kim C. Y. 
Published: October 2017

An attempt to measure the flux of high energy solar gamma rays was made by comparing the angular distribution of the intensity from the direction of the sun and that of the intensity from the symmetrical direction about the zenith using two stacks of oriented nuclear emulsions flown by balloon on May 16, 1970, from Sioux Falls, South Dakota. An upper limit to the flux of solar gamma rays was estimated to be 4.3 × 10−4 photons cm−2s−1 in the energy region above 10 MeV. On the day of the flight the sun was moderately active and the relative sun spot number was 161. Three importance-2 flares (2N, 2N, and 2B) and five importance-1 flares were reported during the period of the balloon flight.
The ν5 Fundamental Bands of N2H2 and N2D2
Authors: Carlotti M. , Johns J. W. C. , Trombetti A. 
Published: October 2017

The infrared absorption spectrum of diimide (N2H2) in the 3.2 μm region has been reexamined at higher resolution than previously, and that of dideuterodiimide (N2D2) at 4.3 μm has been recorded for the first time. The ν5 fundamental (A- and B-type hybrid band) for both isotopic molecules has been analyzed, and a complete set of rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the ground and ν5 = 1 states have been determined. The rotational constants of the ground states are (cm−1) [Formula: see text] and the following geometrical parameters were obtained for the planar trans-conformation of diimide : [Formula: see text] From the intensity alternation observed in the J structure of N2H2 spectrum, it is concluded that diimide has a totally symmetric ground state.