bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in a Normal Iris
Authors: Allegrini Davide , Montesano Giovanni , Pece Alfredo 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new imaging technique for examining the macular region in many retinal diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of OCTA to detect iris vascularization.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The irises of 28 eyes of 14 patients were examined with AngioVue OCT (Optovue, Fremont, CA). The usual technique was modified using the AngioRetina mode, but with the anterior segment optical adaptor lens, and without autofocus, while making manual adjustments. OCTA scans were captured in both eyes, always by the same operator. The images were acquired in 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 volume cubes. Raw data were then exported and split using an external tool provided by Optovue to obtain three-dimensional (3-D) iris reconstruction.

RESULTS:
In all eyes, OCTA showed the arterial system more superficially and the venous system more deeply in 3-D reconstruction.

CONCLUSION:
This is the first report of a study of the vascularization and 3-D reconstruction of the normal iris with OCTA. The method detects iris vascular network and indirectly provides information on the retinal circulation in situations where this is not visible without injecting sodium fluorescein.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1138–1142.]
Le Péloponnèse du ive au viiie siècle
Authors: Avraméa Anna 
Published: December 2016

Étudier le Péloponnèse entre le ive et le viiie siècle : le renouvellement de la documentation et de la problématique historique a dicté cette entreprise. Examinant l’évolution interne qui caractérise cette période, l’auteur a mis l’accent autant sur les changements que sur les continuités, dans une région de la Grèce méridionale souvent laissée dans l’ombre, particulièrement durant la fin du vie, le viieet le viiiesiècle.

L’auteur souligne la complexité des modifications pour montrer qu’elles ne revêtent pas l’aspect d’une opposition païen-chrétien ou urbain-rural : l’on passe de l’un à l’autre, non par une brusque interruption mais par un processus graduel. Elle étudie sous cet aspect la forme et la fonction de l’habitat, la société, l’économie et la culture. A côté de persistances notables dans le domaine de l’administration civile et ecclésiastique, l’ouvrage aborde largement les changements provoqués par la nature et par l’homme, notamment l’impact de la présence slave, étudiée à l’aide d’une documentation nouvelle ou renouvelée.
Aux marges du royaume
Authors: Paresys Isabelle 
Published: December 2016

Comment la justice fonctionne-t-elle aux marges frontalières d'un royaume, et plus largement comment s'y construit l'obéissance au souverain ? En ces territoires, le lien avec le souverain n'est peut-être pas le même qu'ailleurs. Voici une piste de recherche que se propose de suivre cet ouvrage en prenant pour terrain d'étude la Picardie, marge septentrionale du royaume de France sous François Ier , particulièrement menacée par le conflit franco-anglo-impérial en cette première partie du xvie siècle. On conserve pour cette zone frontalière des archives du pardon royal aux criminels et, dans le domaine de la répression, celles d'Amiens, ville où l'échevinage exerce alors la justice. Il apparaît en ces temps troublés que la violence des Picards est tolérée par le souverain qui pardonne de très nombreux homicides en octroyant des lettres de rémission. De leur côté, les autorités amiénoises essaient de contrôler, par l'exercice d'une justice active, un ordre urbain de plus en plus ébranlé dans une conjoncture qui se dégrade.

Mais par-delà le rapport entre la justice et le territoire, l'ouvrage aborde des thèmes que les sources judiciaires mettent particulièrement en valeur et qui permettent de reconstituer les comportements des hommes de la Renaissance au quotidien. Il s'agit par exemple du rapport à l'espace : aires de déplacement, lieux de sociabilité, habitat mais aussi espace-temps. A travers les manifestations de la violence homicide, on voit apparaître le thème de l'image de soi. Il s'agit tout d'abord de l'honneur, qui y tient une place importante et touche autant les vilains que les gentilshommes. On voit aussi se dessiner l'image que donnent d'eux-mêmes les Picards justiciables, celle de frontaliers en état d'alerte permanent, attachés au « pays de Picardie » et au roi de France. L'image de soi renvoie en outre à celle des autres, celle de la parenté par exemple, à la fois solidaire et conflictuelle, celle des justiciers et celle de redoutables hommes de guerre qui sillonnent alors ces marges du royaume.
Le Tocititlan et les fouilles du métro Pino Suárez à Mexico
Authors: Mazzetto Elena 
Published: December 2016

Cet article est consacré aux fouilles archéologiques d’une aire cultuelle découverte près du centre historique de la ville de Mexico. Sa localisation a poussé les spécialistes à l’identifier comme étant le Tocititlan, le sanctuaire voué au culte de Toci-Teteo Innan, un des aspects de la déesse mère vénérée par les Mexicas. Les sources ethno-historiques du xvie siècle, où ce lieu de culte est décrit en détail, ont représenté les bases bibliographiques utilisées par les archéologues afin d’en entamer une identification. Néanmoins, cet article met en évidence les limites d’une approche exclusivement archéologique ou historique. L’objectif de cette étude est de souligner les doutes tout à fait pertinents nés d’un croisement significatif des données disponibles ainsi que d’une comparaison systématique des données de terrain avec les données issues des documents coloniaux. Le résultat de cette démarche permet de bouleverser l’interprétation originelle proposée par les spécialistes, ainsi que de suggérer de nouvelles pistes d’analyse.
Une façade à images pour un culte sans image
Authors: Seigneuret Delphine 
Published: December 2016

Edh-Dharih est un site nabatéen situé à environ 70 km au nord de Pétra, en Jordanie. Au sanctuaire est associée une petite agglomération rurale ainsi qu’une nécropole. Considéré lieu d’étape et de pèlerinage, edh-Dharih nous livre un temple d’une grande richesse iconographique et architecturale qui autorise une bonne compréhension de la religion nabatéenne. En partant de l’analyse iconographique de la façade du temple, restituée, nous pouvons effectuer un parallèle entre les informations que nous livrent les images de cette façade et la conception ainsi que l’architecture du temple. Le décor mêle en effet des éléments issus des traditions gréco-romaines. Mais, à les regarder de plus près, ces représentations sont traitées dans un style nabatéen à la fois quant à la technique artistique et quant au rendu de l’expression des visages. La façade d’un temple étant ce qui est perçu en premier lieu, le programme décoratif pourrait suggérer l’intégration du royaume nabatéen à l’empire romain, qui eut lieu en 106 de notre ère, et cela à la vue de tous et notamment des pèlerins. Cependant, si la façade dénote un style syncrétique mêlant thèmes gréco-romains dans un traitement sémitique, le cas est similaire pour le plan du temple qui présente, au-delà du plan typique avec vestibule et cella, une plate-forme cultuelle sur laquelle on plaçait des bétyles pour effectuer des offrandes aux divinités. Ces éléments, décoratifs et conceptuels, liant tradition provinciale nabatéenne et « images » gréco-romaines, sont-ils un moyen de légitimer l’adhésion des Nabatéens à l’Empire romain, tout en conservant volontairement une part d’autonomie ? Cette problématique permet de se questionner sur le syncrétisme culturel et religieux au sein de ce même temple.
Impacts de l’expansion territoriale mexica sur l’économie des cités soumises
Authors: Sergheraert Maëlle 
Published: December 2016

From 1430 to 1520 A.D, the Mexica (or Aztecs) extended their empire through conquest of numerous cities in central Mexico. In this article, we highlight two major consequences of Mexica expansion : the obligation for conquered people to pay tribute and the empire’s reorganisation in tributary provinces. First, we examine the impact on the economy of subjected cities, in terms of production, impoverishment or enrichment of the population. Changes in production observed in data from three archaeological sites in the state of Morelos show that there were various degrees of implication in the production of tribute. Second, the creation of the Tepequacuilco and Tepeaca provinces is examined in order to observe the effects of changing the pre-existing regional organization.
Liver regeneration and aging: a review
Authors: Nucci R. , Teodoro A. , Gama E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWith the advance of age, a clinically significant change is a marked decline in the rate of hepatic regeneration. Many studies described the mechanisms involved in the hepatic regenerative process with experimental procedures such as partial hepatectomy. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in liver regeneration due to partial hepatectomy and the effects of aging on these mechanisms. We used PubMed, MEDLINE and Scholar Google databases investigating the following keywords without restrictions: liver, regeneration, aging. We included research studies (animal and humans) and reviews published in English language that were related to the liver regeneration and the process of aging. The regeneration on liver involves multiple cellular processes and a complex interaction with cytokines and growth factors. The aging process affects liver causing a delay on its regeneration. In a clinical setting, the decline of hepatic regenerative capacity could be considered an important concern, because most of the elderly use different medications which could provide a liver injury, as well as, one of the methods used to remove neoplastic cells is the partial hepatectomy which depends of the individual regenerative capacity.
Comparison of key absorption and optical properties between pure and transported anthropogenic dust over East and Central Asia
Authors: Bi Jianrong , Huang Jianping , Holben Brent , Zhang Guolong 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Asian dust particulate is one of the primary aerosol constituents in the Earth–atmosphere system that exerts profound influences on environmental quality, human health, the marine biogeochemical cycle, and Earth's climate. To date, the absorptive capacity of dust aerosol generated from the Asian desert region is still an open question. In this article, we compile columnar key absorption and optical properties of mineral dust over East and Central Asian areas by utilizing the multiyear quality-assured datasets observed at 13 sites of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). We identify two types of Asian dust according to threshold criteria from previously published literature. (1) The particles with high aerosol optical depth at 440 nm (AOD440 ≥  0.4) and a low Ångström wavelength exponent at 440–870 nm (α < 0.2) are defined as Pure Dust (PDU), which decreases disturbance of other non-dust aerosols and keeps high accuracy of pure Asian dust. (2) The particles with AOD440 ≥  0.4 and 0.2 < α < 0.6 are designated as Transported Anthropogenic Dust (TDU), which is mainly dominated by dust aerosol and might mix with other anthropogenic aerosol types. Our results reveal that the primary components of high AOD days are predominantly dust over East and Central Asian regions, even if their variations rely on different sources, distance from the source, emission mechanisms, and meteorological characteristics. The overall mean and standard deviation of single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, real part and imaginary part of complex refractive index at 550 nm for Asian PDU are 0.935 ± 0.014, 0.742 ± 0.008, 1.526 ± 0.029, and 0.00226 ± 0.00056, respectively, while corresponding values are 0.921 ± 0.021, 0.723 ± 0.009, 1.521 ± 0.025, and 0.00364 ± 0.0014 for Asian TDU. Aerosol shortwave direct radiative effects at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), at the surface (SFC), and in the atmospheric layer (ATM) for Asian PDU (α < 0.2) and TDU (0.2 < α < 0.6) computed in this study, are a factor of 2 smaller than the results of Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC) mineral-accumulated (mineral-acc.) and mineral-transported (mineral-tran.) modes. Therefore, we are convinced that our results hold promise for updating and improving accuracies of Asian dust characteristics in present-day remote sensing applications and regional or global climate models.
Self-efficacy and Perceived Organizational Support by Workers in a Youth Development Setting
Authors: Rockow Sara , Kowalski Christopher L. , Chen Kong , Smothers Anthony 
Published: December 2016

The efficacy levels of workers in the youth development field can significantly impact the work done with youth. These levels may be impacted by workers’ perceptions of administrative occupational support at their organization. To date, limited research exists that examines youth work efficacy levels, and no research studies exist analyzing the relationship between youth workers’ efficacy levels and perceived organizational support. The current study examined the relationship between self-efficacy and the perceived organizational support felt by workers in a youth development setting. A total of 198 surveys were completed; results indicated that youth work efficacy was significantly related to perceived organizational support. This study is important to enhancing the body of knowledge regarding self-efficacy levels of workers in a youth development setting, as well as understanding motivation and self-confidence of youth development professionals.
Počátky jezuitské mise v Číně
Authors: Liščák Vladimír 
Published: December 2016

Mezi misionáři v Číně hráli nejvýznamnější roli členové Tovaryšstva Ježíšova, jezuité. Po téměř dvě stě let nejenže měli velkou početní převahu mezi misionáři, ale rovněž vyvinuli metodu akomodace pro evangelizaci Číny a hráli významnou roli na císařském dvoře v Pekingu. U čchingských císařů byli oblíbeni pro svou učenost, jelikož byli vzděláni v různých vědách, jako například v matematice, hudbě, kartografii a geografii. Na pobřeží Číny pronikali již od poloviny 16. století, avšak první misie na čínské pevnině vznikly až po roce 1582.
Nouvelle chronologie de deux sites paléoesquimaux d’Ivujivik (Nunavik)
Authors: Nagy Murielle 
Published: December 2016

Cet article présente les résultats de 36 nouvelles datations au radiocarbone obtenues pour déterminer si les sites Pita (KcFr-5) et Ohituk (KcFr-3A) d’Ivujivik font partie de la période dite de transition entre le Prédorsétien et le Dorsétien, tel que conclu lors de recherches antérieures, ou représentent des occupations lors des périodes correspondant à ces deux cultures. En considérant ces datations et celles obtenues auparavant, il apparaît que ces sites furent effectivement occupés entre 800 et 400 av. J.-C. Toutefois, le site Pita a surtout été visité pendant la période prédorsétienne et une de ses datations est la plus ancienne obtenue jusqu’ici pour le Nunavik. Quant au site Ohituk, il fut aussi occupé pendant toute la période dorsétienne. Les datations des deux sites couvrant plus de trois millénaires, force est de constater que les vestiges archéologiques proviennent d’un palimpseste d’occupations et ne représentent pas une période de transition.
Is the information about dengue available on Brazilian websites of quality and reliable?
Authors: Lima Thiago Henrique de , Menezes Ivandilson Pessoa Pinto de , Malafaia Guilherme 
Published: December 2016

The objective of the present study was to identify and evaluate the content of information about dengue available on Brazilian websites. Thirty-two websites were selected for the analysis. For the evaluation of the content of information about dengue, a form was prepared with 16 topics grouped in six information blocks: etiology/transmission, vector, control and prevention, disease/diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology. The websites were also evaluated according to the following criteria: authorship, update, language, interactivity, scientific basis and graphic elements. The results showed a predominantly lack of information in relation to the topics analyzed in each information block. Regarding the technical quality of the websites, only 28.1% showed some indication of scientific basis and 34.3% contained the date of publication or of the last update. Such results attested the low reliability of the selected websites. Knowing that the internet is an efficient mechanism for disseminating information on health topics, we concluded that the creation of such mechanisms to disseminate correct and comprehensive information about dengue is necessary in order to apply this useful tool in the prevention and control of the disease in Brazil.
Improvement of charge-pumping electrically detected magnetic resonance and its application to silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor
Authors: Hori Masahiro , Tsuchiya Toshiaki , Ono Yukinori 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Charge-pumping electrically detected magnetic resonance (CP EDMR), or EDMR in the CP mode, is improved and applied to a silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). Real-time monitoring of the CP process reveals that high-frequency transient currents are an obstacle to signal amplification for EDMR. Therefore, we introduce cutoff circuitry, leading to a detection limit for the number of spins as low as 103 for Si MOS interface defects. With this improved method, we demonstrate that CP EDMR inherits one of the most important features of the CP method: the gate control of the energy window of the detectable interface defects for spectroscopy.
Feasibility of nuclear ribosomal region ITS1 over ITS2 in barcoding taxonomically challenging genera of subtribe Cassiinae (Fabaceae)
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Kumar Amit , Rodrigues Vereena , Shukla Ashutosh K. , Sundaresan Velusamy 
Published: December 2016

Premise of the StudyThe internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is situated between 18S and 26S in a polycistronic rRNA precursor transcript. It had been proved to be the most commonly sequenced region across plant species to resolve phylogenetic relationships ranging from shallow to deep taxonomic levels. Despite several taxonomical revisions in Cassiinae, a stable phylogeny remains elusive at the molecular level, particularly concerning the delineation of species in the generaCassia, SennaandChamaecrista. This study addresses the comparative potential of ITS datasets (ITS1, ITS2 and concatenated) in resolving the underlying morphological disparity in the highly complex genera, to assess their discriminatory power as potential barcode candidates in Cassiinae.MethodologyA combination of experimental data and an in-silico approach based on threshold genetic distances, sequence similarity based and hierarchical tree-based methods was performed to decipher the discriminating power of ITS datasets on 18 different species of Cassiinae complex. Lab-generatedsequences were compared against those available in the GenBank using BLAST and were aligned through MUSCLE 3.8.31 and analysed in PAUP 4.0 and BEAST1.8 using parsimony ratchet, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference (BI) methods of gene and species tree reconciliation with bootstrapping. DNA barcoding gap was realized based on the Kimura two-parameter distance model (K2P) in TaxonDNA and MEGA.Principal FindingsBased on the K2P distance, significant divergences between the inter- and intra-specific genetic distances were observed, while the presence of a DNA barcoding gap was obvious. The ITS1 region efficiently identified 81.63% and 90% of species using TaxonDNA and BI methods, respectively. The PWG-distance method based on simple pairwise matching indicated the significance of ITS1 whereby highest number of variable (210) and informative sites (206) were obtained. The BI tree-based methods outperformed the similarity-based methods producing well-resolved phylogenetic trees with many nodes well supported by bootstrap analyses.ConclusionThe reticulated phylogenetic hypothesis using the ITS1 region mainly supported the relationship between the species of Cassiinae established by traditional morphological methods. The ITS1 region showed a higher discrimination power and desirable characteristics as compared to ITS2 and ITS1 + 2, thereby concluding to be the locus of choice. Considering the complexity of the group and the underlying biological ambiguities, the results presented here are encouraging for developing DNA barcoding as a useful tool for resolving taxonomical challenges in corroboration with morphological framework.
A retrospective study: cardiac MRI of fulminant myocarditis in children—can we evaluate the short-term outcomes?
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Zhao Bin , Jia Haipeng , Gao Fei , Zhao Junyu , Wang Cuiyan 
Published: December 2016

Background
Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that results in ventricular systolic dysfunction and causes acute-onset heart failure. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has become the primary noninvasive tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of myocarditis. The aim of our study was to assess the CMR findings at different course of FM and the short-term outcomes of fulminant myocarditis (FM) in children.

Methods
Eight FM children with CMR examinations were included in our study. Initial baseline CMR was performed 10 days (range, 7–20 days) after onset of FM and follow-up CMR after 55 days (range, 33–75 days). Cardiac morphology and function and myocardial tissue characterization at baseline and follow-up CMR were compared using paired T-test and Mann–Whitney U test. The clinical data and initial CMR findings were also compared to predict short-term outcomes.

Results
The median age of eight FM children was 8.5 years old (range, 3–14). The initial CMR findings were most common with early gadolinium enhancement (EGE, 100%), followed by signal increasing on T2WI and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE, 87.5%), increased septal thickness (75.0%) and increased left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF, 50.0%). Only three LGE (37.5%), one signal increasing on T2WI (12.5%) and one increased LVEF (12.5%) were found at follow-up. Statistically significant differences were found between initial and follow-up CMR abnormalities in the septal thickness, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), end-systolic volume (ESV), LVEF, left ventricular mass, T2 ratio and LGE area (P = 0.011, P = 0.042, P = 0.016, P = 0.001, P = 0.003, P = 0.011, P = 0.020). The children with full recovery performed higher incidence of III° atrioventricular block (AVB, five cases VS 0 case) and smaller LGE area (104.0 ± 14.5 mm2 VS 138.0 ± 25.2 mm2) at baseline CMR.

Discussion
The CMR findings of FM in children were characteristic and useful for early diagnosis. Full recovery of clinical manifestations, immunological features and CMR findings could be found in most FM children. The presence of III° AVB and smaller LGE area at baseline CMR might indicate better short-term outcomes.