bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in pediatric kidney transplantation: 30 years’ experience
Authors: Cleper Roxana , Krause Irit , Bar Nathan Nathan , Mor Maya , Dagan Amit , Weissman Irith , Frishberg Yaakov , Rachamimov Ruty , Mor Eitan , Davidovits Miriam 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFrom 1982 to 2011, 53 kidney transplantations (KT) for pediatric focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) were recorded in the National Israeli Kidney Transplant Registry (NIKTR): 22—primary (1◦) FSGS, 25—proved/suspected genetic‐secondary (2◦) FSGS, six lost/incomplete files/other. Half (56%) of 23 patients with 2◦ FSGS were Israeli‐Arabs vs 29% of 1◦ FSGS KT recipients. 1◦ FSGS recurrence occurred in 64% (14/22) of 22 KT in 17 patients aged (median) 14 years vs 1/25 of 2◦ FSGS (P<.001). Early graft days/nonfunction occurred in 9/14 (64%), 2/8 (25%) and 2/25 (4%) of recurrent 1◦ FSGS (rFSGS), nonr1◦ FSGS and 2◦ FSGS, respectively. Twelve biopsies performed in nine of these grafts at (median) 8 days (range 5–60 days) post‐KT showed: ATN‐5, suspected rejection‐4, rFSGS‐2, normal kidney‐1; rFSGS was diagnosed eventually in 8/9. Dialysis need during the first month post‐KT was significantly associated with FSGS recurrence: 6/14 (43%) for rFSGS vs 2/8 (25%) for non‐rFSGS. Plasmapheresis (PP) achieved complete and partial rFSGS remission in 5/9 and 2/9 grafts, respectively. Three grafts were excised during the first 60 days post‐KT for: nonfunction (1) and bleeding (2). Remaining grafts’ GFR was: 78, 42, and 91 mL/min (median) at 5.3, 4.75, and 8 years follow‐up for non‐rFSGS, rFSGS, and 2◦ FSGS grafts, respectively. Conclusions: Early PP implementation should be considered after KT for 1◦ FSGS patients with early graft dysfunction despite delayed proteinuria and nonspecific biopsy.
Recreational marijuana use is not associated with worse outcomes after renal transplantation
Authors: Greenan Garrett , Ahmad Sarwat B. , Anders Megan G. , Leeser Alexia , Bromberg Jonathan S. , Niederhaus Silke V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAs marijuana (MJ) legalization is increasing, kidney transplant programs must develop listing criteria for marijuana users. However, no data exist on the effect of MJ on kidney allograft outcomes, and there is no consensus on whether MJ use should be a contraindication to transplantation. We retrospectively reviewed 1225 kidney recipients from 2008 to 2013. Marijuana use was defined by positive urine toxicology screen and/or self‐reported recent use. The primary outcome was death at 1 year or graft failure (defined as GFR<20 mL/min/1.73 m2). The secondary outcome was graft function at 1 year. Using logistic regression analyses, we compared these outcomes between MJ users and non‐users. Marijuana use was not associated with worse primary outcomes by unadjusted (odds ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.45–2.57, P=.87) or adjusted (odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.28–2.28, P=.67) analysis. Ninety‐two percent of grafts functioned at 1 year. Among these, the mean creatinine (1.52, 95% CI 1.39–1.69 vs 1.46, 95% CI 1.42–1.49; P=.38) and MDRD GFR (50.7, 95% CI 45.6–56.5 vs 49.5, 95% CI 48.3–50.7; P=.65) were similar between groups. Isolated recreational MJ use is not associated with poorer patient or kidney allograft outcomes at 1 year. Therefore, recreational MJ use should not necessarily be considered a contraindication to kidney transplantation.
Relationship between coastal water properties and adult return of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) along the Sanriku coast, Japan
Authors: Wagawa Taku , Tamate Tsuyoshi , Kuroda Hiroshi , Ito Shin‐Ichi , Kakehi Shigeho , Yamanome Takeshi , Kodama Takuya 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between adult (age‐4) return rates for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) originating from the Iwate Prefecture, Japan, and coastal environmental conditions during their early ocean life in coastal residency. We analyzed distributions of water properties via intensive hydrographic observations using a conductivity–temperature–depth profiler. Both the return rates and water properties vary strongly over interannual time scales. We found that the time when the return rate decreased drastically corresponded well to the time when the frequency of warm waters in the coastal residency increased.
Is there an obesity paradox in the Japanese elderly population? A community‐based cohort study of 13 280 men and women
Authors: Yamazaki Kenji , Suzuki Etsuji , Yorifuji Takashi , Tsuda Toshihide , Ohta Toshiki , Ishikawa‐Takata Kazuko , Doi Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2016

AimDespite increased interest in an obesity paradox (i.e. a survival advantage of being obese), evidence remains sparse in Japanese populations. We aimed to verify this phenomenon among community‐dwelling older adults in Japan.MethodsOlder adults aged 65–84 years randomly chosen from all 74 municipalities in Shizuoka Prefecture completed questionnaires including body mass index information. Participants were followed from 1999 to 2009. Following World Health Organization guidelines, participants were classified using an appropriate body mass index for Asian populations as follows: <18.5 kg/m2 (underweight), 18.5–23.0 kg/m2 (normal weight), 23.0–27.5 kg/m2 (overweight) and ≥27.5 kg/m2 (obesity). We estimated hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for all‐cause mortality, controlling for sex, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus.ResultsCompared with normal‐weight participants, overweight/obese participants tended to have lower hazard ratios; the multivariate hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 0.86 (0.62–1.19) for obesity, 0.83 (0.73–0.94) for overweight and 1.60 (1.40–1.82) for underweight. In subgroup analyses by sex and age, the hazard ratios tended to be lower among obese men, albeit not significantly; hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 0.56 (0.25–1.27) in men aged 65–74 years, and 0.78 (0.41–1.45) in men aged 75–84 years.ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence of a conservative obesity paradox among older Japanese people, using the appropriate body mass index cut‐off points for Asian populations. In particular, obese older men tend to have a lower risk of all‐cause mortality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1257–1264.
The MEEK technique: 10‐year experience at a tertiary burn centre
Authors: Almodumeegh Abdulaziz , Heidekrueger Paul I , Ninkovic Milomir , Rubenbauer Johannes , Hadjipanayi Ektoras , Broer P Niclas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExtensive full‐thickness burns pose a great challenge to the burn surgeon. Lack of autograft donor sites is an important limiting factor to achieving wound closure. To overcome this problem, various methods of treatment have been suggested in the past, including the MEEK technique. This study was carried out at the Bogenhausen Hospital Burn Unit, Munich, Germany from 2006 to 2015. There were a total of 148 skin grafting operations. The modified MEEK technique was performed on 67 patients. Patients included 34 males and 33 females, with an average age of 39·6 years. The mean percentage body surface burned was 65%, and full‐thickness injury occurred in 52%. The mean area graft per procedure was 20%. The viability of the graft as assessed between the 7th and 10th day was generally in the range of 60–90%. The average number of operations required was 2·21. The mean length of stay was 27 days. Infection was documented in five patients, and seven deaths occurred. The mean follow‐up was 3·2 years. When faced with large surface area burns and limited donor sites, the MEEK technique is a satisfactory method for coverage.
Heel ulcers do heal in patients with diabetes
Authors: Örneholm Hedvig , Apelqvist Jan , Larsson Jan , Eneroth Magnus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA heel ulcer is considered to be a serious complication in patients with diabetes, and there is limited information regarding outcome. In most of the literature, a poor prognosis is described. The aim of this study was to investigate a large cohort of ulcers located in the heel in patients with diabetes.Seven hundred and sixty‐eight patients [median age 73 (17–98)], presenting with a heel ulcer at a multidisciplinary diabetes foot clinic, fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were followed‐up until final outcome.Fifty‐eight per cent of the patients healed primarily; 7% healed after major debridement; 9% healed after amputation and 25% died unhealed. Median healing time was 17 weeks. Ulcer progression was seen in 19% of patients. Thirty‐one percent of patients had severe peripheral vascular disease. A creatinine level below 91 µmol/l was related to a higher probability for healing without major debridement or amputation, whereas vascular surgery, nephropathy and oedema were related to a lower probability for healing without major debridement or amputation.Two thirds of heel ulcers do heal in patients with diabetes despite patients being elderly and with extensive comorbidity. The extent of peripheral vascular disease, nephropathy, oedema and decreased renal function are important factors influencing outcome.
Protistan predation interferes with bacterial long‐term adaptation to substrate restriction by selecting for defence morphotypes
Authors: Baumgartner M. , Neu T. R. , Blom J. F. , Pernthaler J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBacteria that are introduced into aquatic habitats face a low substrate environment interspersed with rare productive ‘hotspots’, as well as high protistan grazing. Whereas the former condition should select for growth performance, the latter should favour traits that reduce predation mortality, such as the formation of large cell aggregates. However, protected morphotypes often convey a growth disadvantage, and bacteria thus face a trade‐off between investing in growth or defence traits. We set up an evolutionary experiment with the freshwater isolate Sphingobium sp. strain Z007 that conditionally increases aggregate formation in supernatants from a predator–prey coculture. We hypothesized that low substrate levels would favour growth performance and reduce the aggregated subpopulation, but that the concomitant presence of a flagellate predator might conserve the defence trait. After 26 (1‐week) growth cycles either with (P+) or without (P−) predators, bacteria had evolved into strikingly different phenotypes. Strains from P− had low numbers of aggregates and increased growth yield, both at the original rich growth conditions and on various single carbon sources. By contrast, isolates from the P+ treatment formed elevated proportions of defence morphotypes, but exhibited lower growth yield and metabolic versatility. Moreover, the evolved strains from both treatments had lost phenotypic plasticity of aggregate formation. In summary, the (transient) residence of bacteria at oligotrophic conditions may promote a facultative oligotrophic life style, which is advantageous for survival in aquatic habitats. However, the investment in defence against predation mortality may constrain microbial adaptation to the abiotic environment.
Do Creditor Rights Increase Employment Risk? Evidence from Loan Covenants
Authors: FALATO ANTONIO , LIANG NELLIE 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTUsing a regression discontinuity design, we provide evidence that there are sharp and substantial employment cuts following loan covenant violations, when creditors gain rights to accelerate, restructure, or terminate a loan. The cuts are larger at firms with higher financing frictions and with weaker employee bargaining power, and during industry and macroeconomic downturns, when employees have fewer job opportunities. Union elections that create new labor bargaining units lead to higher loan spreads, consistent with creditors requiring compensation when employees gain bargaining power. Overall, binding financial contracts have a large impact on employees and are an amplification mechanism of economic downturns.
Financial Contracting and Organizational Form: Evidence from the Regulation of Trade Credit
Authors: BREZA EMILY , LIBERMAN ANDRES 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWe present evidence that restrictions to the set of feasible financial contracts affect buyer‐supplier relationships and the organizational form of the firm. We exploit a regulation that restricted the maturity of the trade credit contracts that a large retailer could sign with some of its small suppliers. Using a within‐product difference‐in‐differences identification strategy, we find that the restriction reduces the likelihood of trade by 11%. The retailer also responds by internalizing procurement to its own subsidiaries and reducing overall purchases. Finally, we find that relational contracts can mitigate the inability to extend long trade credit terms.
Owning Up to Negative Ingroup Traits: How Personal Autonomy Promotes the Integration of Group Identity
Authors: Legault Lisa , Weinstein Netta , Mitchell Jahlil , Inzlicht Michael , Pyke Kristen , Upal Afzal 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveOur experiences, attributes, and behaviors are diverse, inconsistent, and often negative. Consequently, our capacity to assimilate divergent experiences—particularly negative aspects—is important to the development of a unified self. Whereas this process of integration has received attention at the level of personal identity, it has not been assessed at the level of group identity.ObjectiveWe examined the mechanisms involved in integrating positive and negative ingroup identities, as well as related outcomes.MethodIn three experiments, participants (N = 332) high and low in autonomy identified either positive or negative aspects of their ingroup and then indicated the extent to which they integrated the attribute.ResultsThose high in personal autonomy integrated both positive and negative identities, whereas those low in autonomy acknowledged only positive identities. Study 2 showed that, regardless of identity valence, those high in autonomy felt satisfied and close with their group. Conversely, those low in autonomy felt less close and more dissatisfied with their group after reflecting on negative identities. Finally, reflecting on a negative identity reduced prejudice, but only for those high in autonomy.ConclusionsOwning up to negative group traits is facilitated by autonomy and demonstrates benefits for ingroup and intergroup processes.
Intestinal development of bovine foetuses during gestation is affected by foetal sex and maternal nutrition
Authors: Gionbelli T. R. S. , Rotta P. P. , Veloso C. M. , Valadares Filho S. C. , Carvalho B. C. , Marcondes M. I. , Ferreira M. F. L. , Souza J. V. F. , Santos J. S. A. A. , Lacerda L. C. , Duarte M. S. , Gionbelli M. P. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryWe aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal nutrition (MN) and foetal sex on the intestinal development of bovine foetuses throughout different days of gestation (DG). Forty‐four multiparous, dry Holstein × Gyr cows with average initial body weight of 480 ± 10 kg were fed the same diet of either restricted feeding at 1.15% of body weight (CO, n = 24) or fed ad libitum (overnourished, ON, n = 20). Six cows from CO group and five cows from ON group were slaughtered at 139, 199, 241 and 268 DG, and foetuses were necropsied to evaluate the intestinal development. The mass, length and density of foetal intestines were not affected by MN (p ≥ 0.260). An interaction between MN and DG was observed for the villi length of jejunum (p = 0.006) and ileum (p < 0.001). Villi length of jejunum and ileum was higher (p < 0.10) in foetuses from ON‐fed cows than in foetuses from CO‐fed cows at 139 DG. However, at 199 DG, the villi length of jejunum and ileum of foetuses from CO‐fed cows was higher than in foetuses from ON‐fed cows. Despite these differences, MN did not affect the villi length of jejunum and ileum at 268 DG (p > 0.10). Female foetuses had greater small intestine mass (p = 0.093), large intestine mass (p = 0.022), small intestine mass in proportion to body mass (p = 0.017) and large intestine mass in proportion to body mass (p < 0.001) than male foetuses. Female foetuses had also longer small intestine (p = 0.077) and greater small intestine density (p = 0.021) and villi length of jejunum (p = 0.001) and ileum (p = 0.010) than males. We conclude that MN affects the pathway for the development of foetal villi length throughout the gestation in bovine foetuses without changing the final villi length. Female foetuses had higher intestinal mass, density and villi length than males during the foetal phase in bovines.
Comparative study of the effects of bupropion and escitalopram on Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Song Jinuk , Park Jeong Ha , Han Doug Hyun , Roh Sungwon , Son Ji Hyun , Choi Tae Young , Lee Hyuk , Kim Tae Ho , Lee Young Sik 
Published: August 2016

AimWe compared the efficacy of bupropion and escitalopram treatments in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) patients.MethodsWe recruited 119 adolescents and adults with IGD. We treated these participants for 6 weeks in three groups as follows: 44 participants were treated with bupropion SR (bupropion group), 42 participants were treated with escitalopram (escitalopram group), and 33 patients without any medication were observed in the community (observation group). At baseline and at the 6‐week follow‐up visit, all subjects were evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression‐Severity Scale, the Young Internet Addiction Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the ADHD Rating Scale, and the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Scales.ResultsBoth the escitalopram group and the bupropion group showed improvement on all clinical symptom scales after 6 weeks of treatment compared to the observation group. Additionally, the bupropion group showed greater improvement on scores for the Clinical Global Impression‐Severity Scale, the Young Internet Addiction Scale, the ADHD Rating Scale, and the Behavioral Inhibition Scale than the escitalopram group.ConclusionBoth bupropion and escitalopram were effective in treating and managing IGD symptoms. Moreover, bupropion appeared to be more effective than escitalopram in improving attention and impulsivity in IGD patients. In addition, attention and impulsivity seem to be important for the management of IGD.
Effects of ankyrin 3 gene risk variants on brain structures in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy subjects
Authors: Ota Miho , Hori Hiroaki , Sato Noriko , Yoshida Fuyuko , Hattori Kotaro , Teraishi Toshiya , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2016

AimThe intronic single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs10994336 of the ankyrin 3 gene (ANK3
) is one of the genome‐wide supported risk variants for bipolar disorder (BD), and the T‐allele of rs10761482 is also reported to have relevance to BD. We investigated the effect of ANK3 rs10761482 genetic variation on brain structure.MethodsSubjects were 43 BD patients and 229 healthy volunteers. We evaluated the effects of ANK3 rs10761482 genetic variation on diagnosis, and of the genotype‐by‐diagnosis interaction on the brain structure and the degree of age‐related brain atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging data evaluated by voxel‐based morphometry.Results
BD patients showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy value in the bilateral parietal regions, left fronto‐occipital fasciculus, and corpus callosum, compared to healthy subjects. Further, we found considerable decreases of fractional anisotropy in the forceps minor in non‐T‐allele BD patients compared with the T‐carrier patient group. We also found significant lessening of age‐related brain atrophy in the T‐allele carrier groups compared with the non‐T‐allele carrier groups in the area around the cerebrospinal space, cingulate cortices, and cerebellum.ConclusionOur results suggest the influence of the ANK3 on age‐related brain atrophy. The ankyrin 3 genotype may be associated with pathogenesis of age‐related neurodegeneration, and, in part, of BD.
Intellectual Humility as Attitude
Authors: Tanesini Alessandra 
Published: August 2016

Intellectual humility, I argue in this paper, is a cluster of strong attitudes (as these are understood in social psychology) directed toward one's cognitive make‐up and its components, together with the cognitive and affective states that constitute their contents or bases, which serve knowledge and value‐expressive functions. In order to defend this new account of humility I first examine two simpler traits: intellectual self‐acceptance of epistemic limitations and intellectual modesty about epistemic successes. The position defended here addresses the shortcomings of both ignorance and accuracy based accounts of humility.
Early silicification of leaves and roots of seedlings of a panicoid grass grown under different conditions: anatomical relations and structural role
Authors: Fernández Honaine M. , Benvenuto M. L. , Borrelli N. L. , Osterrieth M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Grasses accumulate high amounts of silica deposits in tissues of all their organs, especially at mature stage. However, when and under which conditions do grass seedlings begin to produce these silica deposits and their relation with anatomy and development is little known. Here we investigated the silicification process in the first leaves and roots of seedlings of Bothriochloa laguroides grown in different substrate and Si treatments.

The distribution and content of silica deposits in the organs of the seedlings grown under different conditions were analyzed through staining techniques and SEM‐EDAX analyses.

Leaf silica deposits were accumulated 3–4 days after the first leaf emergence, also under low silica solution (0.17–0.2 mM). Their location was mainly restricted to short costal cells from basal sectors, and scarcely in trichomes and xylem at tips. Silica content in leaves increased with the age of the seedlings. Roots presented dome‐shaped silica aggregates, between 4–12 μm of diameter, located in the inner tangential wall of endodermal cells and similar to those produced at maturity.

Silicification begins early in the first photosynthetic leaf, and silica distribution is opposite to that found in mature plants, mainly restricted to basal sectors, probably acting as a reinforcing element. The fast incorporation of solid amorphous silica in leaves and roots, may be useful for farm applications in species that are Si‐fertilized.
Knowing when (not) to attempt ecological restoration
Authors: Johnson Craig R. , Chabot Rebecca H. , Marzloff Martin P. , Wotherspoon Simon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHere we argue that there are two important steps in the decision process to restore ecological system that are often ignored. First, consideration of restoration is in response to observed change in a system, but ecological systems can fluctuate widely in their normal dynamic. Thus, there is an imperative to interpret ecological change; shifts in community structure that represent “typical” fluctuations in a properly functioning ecosystem do not warrant restoration, while change associated with phase shift in the system may well demand restoration action. Second, where restoration effort is warranted, it needs to be determined whether management responses are likely to be successful within resource constraints. Where ecological change involves pronounced hysteresis, even massive effort may have little chance in effecting recovery to a preferred ecosystem state. Theory and models indicate that consideration of the characteristic length scales (CLSs) of ecological systems provides an unambiguous interpretation of ecological change, enabling differentiation of “typical” fluctuations from phase shift, and here we show that CLSs can be calculated for real communities from their species' dynamics, and that their behavior is as predicted from theory. We also show that for ecological systems where local interactions and forcings are well understood, validated simulation models can provide a ready means to identify hysteresis and estimate its magnitude. We conclude that there are useful tools available for ecologists to address the key questions of (1) whether restoration attempts are warranted in the first place and, if they are, (2) whether it is practical to pursue them.