bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapport fra Temamøte om Miljøterapeutisk kompetanse i skolen
Authors: Rustad Marit Ruth 
Published: June 2017

UiT Norges arktiske universitet, Campus Harstad, avd. for vernepleie, tidligere Høgskolen i Harstad, har siden 1983 utdannet vernepleiere, en helse- og sosialfaglig profesjonsutdanning som har sitt faglige ståsted innenfor feltet funksjonshemming. Dette betyr at vernepleiere utøver sin yrkesfunksjon i samhandling med personer som har en funksjonsnedsettelse, og i nært samarbeid med andre yrkesutøvere. De nasjonale føringer innenfor funksjonshemma-politikken er «et samfunn for alle» og «alle skal være med». Når det gjelder den norske skole, har vi en opplæringslov som sier noe om retten og kravet som stilles til opplæring, for alle våre barn.Utfordringen den norske skole står overfor med tanke på opplæringsloven og tilpasset opplæring, er mange, men for å nå opplæringsmålene for alle våre barn er det viktig med en supplerende kompetanse til læreren i skolestua. Her kommer miljøterapeuten og vernepleieren inn og kan bidra til å tilrettelegge for motivasjon og mestring hos elever med spesielle behov i skolehverdagen. Visjonen om at «alle hører tell», tilsier fagkunnskap om hvordan vi skal inkludere.På vegne av arrangørene, UiT Campus Harstad, avd. for vernepleie og FO, Fellesorganisasjonen for barnevernspedagoger, sosionomer, velferdsvitere og vernepleiere, takker vi for all gode innspill i panelet og fra tilhørere.Rapporten inneholder alle stemmene fra temamøtet om miljøterapeutisk kompetanse i skolen – arbeidsoppgave og utfordringer, og er et kunnskapsbidrag inn i skolestua, både på ledernivå, og til planlegging av opplæring og dens gjennomføring.
Temperature dependence of plankton community metabolism in the subtropical and tropical oceans
Authors: Garcia‐Corral Lara S. , Holding Johnna M. , Carrillo‐de‐Albornoz Paloma , Steckbauer Alexandra , Pérez‐Lorenzo María , Navarro Nuria , Serret Pablo , Gasol Josep M. , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Estrada Marta , Fraile‐Nuez Eugenio , Benítez‐Barrios Verónica , Agusti Susana , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHere we assess the temperature dependence of the metabolic rates (gross primary production (GPP), community respiration (CR), and the ratio GPP/CR) of oceanic plankton communities. We compile data from 133 stations of the Malaspina 2010 Expedition, distributed among the subtropical and tropical Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. We used the in vitro technique to measured metabolic rates during 24 h incubations at three different sampled depths: surface, 20%, and 1% of the photosynthetically active radiation measured at surface. We also measured the % of ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) penetrating at surface waters. GPP and CR rates increased with warming, albeit different responses were observed for each sampled depth. The overall GPP/CR ratio declined with warming. Higher activation energies (Ea) were derived for both processes (GPPChla = 0.97; CRChla = 1.26; CRHPA = 0.95 eV) compared to those previously reported. The Indian Ocean showed the highest Ea (GPPChla = 1.70; CRChla = 1.48; CRHPA = 0.57 eV), while the Atlantic Ocean showed the lowest (GPPChla = 0.86; CRChla = 0.77; CRHPA = −0.13 eV). We believe that the difference between previous assessments and the ones presented here can be explained by the overrepresentation of Atlantic communities in the previous data sets. We found that UVB radiation also affects the temperature dependence of surface GPP, which decreased rather than increased under high levels of UVB. Ocean warming, which causes stratification and oligotrophication of the subtropical and tropical oceans, may lead to reduced surface GPP as a result of increased penetration of UVB radiation.
Breaking of internal solitary waves generated by an estuarine gravity current
Authors: Xie Xiaohui , Li Ming , Boicourt William C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMooring and ship‐based data collected in a stratified estuary showed the generation of internal solitary waves by a bottom gravity current. Down‐estuary winds drove a counterclockwise lateral circulation over channel‐shoal bathymetry. When the lateral flows became supercritical, the pycnocline was sharply raised at the edge of the deep channel, leading to flow convergences and formation of a bottom gravity current. As the lateral circulation weakened during wind relaxation, the gravity current propagated onto the shoal and excited internal disturbances around its head. These disturbances evolved into a train of large‐amplitude internal solitary waves that subsequently propagated ahead of the gravity current. The waves moving out of the gravity current broke, generating overturning and turbulence with energy dissipation rate reaching ~1 × 10−4 m2 s−3, 3 orders of magnitude larger than the background value. Our observations suggest that breaking internal waves may be an important source of turbulent mixing in stratified estuaries.
The recrystallized grain size piezometer for quartz: An EBSD‐based calibration
Authors: Cross A. J. , Prior D. J. , Stipp M. , Kidder S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe have reanalyzed samples previously used for a quartz recrystallized grain size paleopiezometer, using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Recrystallized and relict grains are separated using their grain orientation spread, which acts as a measure of intragranular lattice distortion and a proxy for dislocation density. For EBSD maps made with a 1 μm step size, the piezometer relationship is D = 103.91 ± 0.41 ∙ σ−1.41 ± 0.21 (for root‐mean‐square mean diameter values). We also present a “sliding resolution” piezometer relationship, D = 104.22 ± 0.51 ∙ σ−1.59 ± 0.26, that combines 1 μm step size data at coarser grain sizes with 200 nm step size data at finer grain sizes. The sliding resolution piezometer more accurately estimates stress in fine‐grained (<10 μm) samples. The two calibrations give results within 10% of each other for recrystallized grain sizes between 10 μm and 100 μm. Both piezometers match the original light optical microscopy quartz piezometer within error.
Explaining the rolling‐pin distribution of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts
Authors: Liu C. M. , Fu H. S. , Xu Y. , Cao J. B. , Liu W. L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe rolling‐pin distribution of suprathermal electrons (40–200 keV), showing electron pitch angles primarily at 0°, 90°, and 180°, has recently been reported behind dipolarization fronts (DFs) both in observations and simulations. The formation of such type of distribution, however, has been unclear so far. In this study, we present an observation of such type of distribution by Cluster in the magnetotail behind a DF. We interpret the formation of such distribution using the global‐scale Fermi acceleration together with local‐scale betatron acceleration. We quantitatively reproduce these two processes and therefore the rolling‐pin distribution of suprathermal electrons using an analytical model. We further reveal that only at energies higher than 26 keV can such distribution be formed. This study, quantitatively explaining the formation of rolling‐pin distribution, can improve the understanding of electron dynamics behind DFs.
Niche construction by non‐diazotrophs for N2 fixers in the eastern tropical North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Singh Arvind , Bach Lennart T. , Fischer Tim , Hauss Helena , Kiko Rainer , Paul Allanah J. , Stange Paul , Vandromme Pieter , Riebesell Ulf 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDiazotrophic dinitrogen (N2) fixation contributes ~76% to “new” nitrogen inputs to the sunlit open ocean, but environmental factors determining N2 fixation rates are not well constrained. Excess phosphate (phosphate–nitrate/16 > 0) and iron availability control N2 fixation rates in the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA), but it remains an open question how excess phosphate is generated within or supplied to the phosphate‐depleted sunlit layer. Our observations in the ETNA region (8°N–15°N, 19°W–23°W) suggest that Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, the two ubiquitous non‐diazotrophic cyanobacteria with cellular N:P ratios higher than the Redfield ratio, create an environment of excess phosphate, which cannot be explained by diapycnal mixing, atmospheric, and riverine inputs. Thus, our results unveil a new biogeochemical niche construction mechanism by non‐diazotrophic cyanobacteria for their diazotrophic phylum group members (N2 fixers). Our observations may help to understand the prevalence of diazotrophy in low‐phosphate, oligotrophic regions.
Upward negative leaders in positive triggered lightning: Stepping and branching in the initial stage
Authors: Pu Yunjiao , Jiang Rubin , Qie Xiushu , Liu Mingyuan , Zhang Hongbo , Fan Yanfeng , Wu Xueke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBy conducting comprehensive observation on the rarely triggered positive lightning flashes, two cases of upward negative leaders were quantitatively investigated with simultaneous data of current, optical, and electromagnetic field changes at fine time resolution. The impulsive channel current associated with the initial leader stepping involved pulse interval, peak, charge of 19.1 μs, 122.3 Å, 465.9 μC, and 20.3 μs, 58.4 Å, 267.2 μC, for the two cases, respectively. The negative charge of an individual step was nearly an order of magnitude larger than that of the positive leader step in triggered lightning. The upward negative stepped leader branches shortly after initiation, and consequently, the stepping‐caused current pulses became multipeaked, wider, and more frequent in waveforms. The main leader tip propagated at an average speed of 2.10 × 105 m/s, while its partial speed fluctuated a lot as was significantly influenced by the behaviors of subbranches development.
Stress in recrystallized quartz by electron backscatter diffraction mapping
Authors: Llana‐Fúnez S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe long‐term state of stress at middle and lower crustal depths can be estimated through the study of the microstructure of exhumed rocks from active and/or ancient shear zones. Constitutive equations for deformation mechanisms in experimentally deformed rocks relate differential stress to the size of recrystallized grains. Cross et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073836) take advantage of electron backscatter diffraction mapping to systematically separate new recrystallized grains from host grains on the basis of the measurable lattice distorsion within the grains. They produce the first calibrated piezometer for quartz with this technique, reproducing within error a previous calibration based on optical microscopy.
How the structural architecture of the Eurasian continental margin affects the structure, seismicity, and topography of the south central Taiwan fold‐and‐thrust belt
Authors: Brown Dennis , Alvarez‐Marron Joaquina , Biete Cristina , Kuo‐Chen Hao , Camanni Giovanni , Ho Chun‐Wei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStudies of mountain belts worldwide show that along‐strike changes are common in their foreland fold‐and‐thrust belts. These are typically caused by processes related to fault reactivation and/or fault focusing along changes in sedimentary sequences. The study of active orogens, like Taiwan, can also provide insights into how these processes influence transient features such as seismicity and topography. In this paper, we trace regional‐scale features from the Eurasian continental margin in the Taiwan Strait into the south central Taiwan fold‐and‐thrust belt. We then present newly mapped surface geology, P wave velocity maps and sections, seismicity, and topography data to test the hypothesis of whether or not these regional‐scale features of the margin are contributing to along‐strike changes in structural style, and the distribution of seismicity and topography in this part of the Taiwan fold‐and‐thrust belt. These data show that the most important along‐strike change takes place at the eastward prolongation of the upper part of the margin necking zone, where there is a causal link between fault reactivation, involvement of basement in the thrusting, concentration of seismicity, and the formation of high topography. On the area correlated with the necking zone, the strike‐slip reactivation of east northeast striking extensional faults is causing sigmoidal offset of structures and topography along two main zones. Here basement is not involved in the thrusting; there is weak focusing of seismicity and localized development of topography. We also show that there are important differences in structure, seismicity, and topography between the margin shelf and its necking zone.
Seismic anisotropy and mantle dynamics beneath the Malawi Rift Zone, East Africa
Authors: Reed Cory A. , Liu Kelly H. , Yu Youqiang , Gao Stephen S. 
Published: June 2017

SKS, SKKS, and PKS splitting parameters measured at 34 seismic stations that we deployed in the vicinity of the Cenozoic Malawi Rift Zone (MRZ) of the East African Rift System demonstrate systematic spatial variations with an average splitting time of 1.0 ± 0.3 s. The overall NE‐SW fast orientations are consistent with absolute plate motion (APM) models of the African Plate constructed under the assumption of no‐net rotation of the global lithosphere and are inconsistent with predicted APM directions from models employing a fixed hot spot reference frame. They also depart considerably from the trend of most of the major tectonic features. These observations, together with the results of anisotropy depth estimation using the spatial coherency of the splitting parameters, suggest a mostly asthenospheric origin of the observed azimuthal anisotropy. The single‐layered anisotropy observed at 30 and two‐layered anisotropy observed at 4 of the 34 stations can be explained by APM‐related simple shear within the rheologically transitional layer between the lithosphere and asthenosphere, as well as by the horizontal deflection of asthenospheric flow along the southern and western edges of a continental block with relatively thick lithosphere revealed by previous seismic tomography and receiver function investigations. This first regional‐scale shear wave splitting investigation of the MRZ suggests the absence of rifting‐related active mantle upwelling or small‐scale mantle convection and supports a passive‐rifting process for the MRZ.
Evolutionary‐Optimized Photonic Network Structure in White Beetle Wing Scales
Authors: Wilts Bodo D. , Sheng Xiaoyuan , Holler Mirko , Diaz Ana , Guizar‐Sicairos Manuel , Raabe Jörg , Hoppe Robert , Liu Shu‐Hao , Langford Richard , Onelli Olimpia D. , Chen Duyu , Torquato Salvatore , Steiner Ullrich , Schroer Christian G. , Vignolini Silvia , Sepe Alessandro 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMost studies of structural color in nature concern periodic arrays, which through the interference of light create color. The “color” white however relies on the multiple scattering of light within a randomly structured medium, which randomizes the direction and phase of incident light. Opaque white materials therefore must be much thicker than periodic structures. It is known that flying insects create “white” in extremely thin layers. This raises the question, whether evolution has optimized the wing scale morphology for white reflection at a minimum material use. This hypothesis is difficult to prove, since this requires the detailed knowledge of the scattering morphology combined with a suitable theoretical model. Here, a cryoptychographic X‐ray tomography method is employed to obtain a full 3D structural dataset of the network morphology within a white beetle wing scale. By digitally manipulating this 3D representation, this study demonstrates that this morphology indeed provides the highest white retroreflection at the minimum use of material, and hence weight for the organism. Changing any of the network parameters (within the parameter space accessible by biological materials) either increases the weight, increases the thickness, or reduces reflectivity, providing clear evidence for the evolutionary optimization of this morphology.
Rhodium(II)/Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐Cocatalyzed Enantioselective O–H Bond Insertion of α‐Diazo Esters
Authors: Zhang Yiliang , Yao Yuan , He Li , Liu Yang , Shi Lei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA rhodium(II)/chiral phosphoric acid system has been developed for the asymmetric catalytic insertion of α‐diazo esters into the O–H bond of carboxylic acids to generate an array of synthetically useful α‐hydroxy ester derivatives in good ee (up to 95% ee). Furthermore, the substrate scope could be successfully extended to a range of phenols and alcohols with high yield (up to 92%) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97%) under mild reaction conditions. Additionally, a density functional theory (DFT) study was performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.magnified image
Bone marrow hematons: An access point to the human hematopoietic niche
Authors: Janel Alexandre , Berger Juliette , Bourgne Céline , Lemal Richard , Boiret‐Dupré Nathalie , Dubois‐Galopin Frédérique , Déchelotte Pierre , Bothorel Charlotte , Hermet Eric , Chabi Sara , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Lambert Céline , Pereira Bruno , Pflumio Françoise , Haddad Rima , Berger Marc G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo understand the complex interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow niche, a human experimental model is needed. Our hypothesis is that hematons are an appropriate ex vivo model of human bone marrow. We analyzed the hierarchical hematopoietic cell content and the tissue organization of single hematons from healthy donors. Most (>90%) hematons contained precursors of all cell lineages, myeloid progenitors, and LTC‐ICs without preferential commitment. Approximately, half of the hematons could generate significant levels of lympho‐myeloid hematopoiesis after transplantation in an NSG mouse model, despite the low absolute numbers of transplanted CD34+ cells. Mesenchymal STRO‐1+ and/or CD271+ cells formed a critical network that preserved hematon cohesion, and STRO‐1+ cells colocalized with most hematopoietic CD34+ cells (68%). We observed an influence of age and gender. These structures represent a particularly attractive model for studying the homeostasis of the bone marrow niche and pathological changes that occur during diseases.
Bifunctional NiGa Layered Double Hydroxide for the Aerobic Oxidation/ Condensation Tandem Reaction between Aromatic Alcohols and Active Methylene Compounds
Authors: Zhou Weiyou , Zhai Shaoyan , Pan Jiugao , Cui Aijun , Qian Junfeng , He Mingyang , Xu Zhixiang , Chen Qun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst based on the easily produced and economic NiGa layered double hydroxide has been developed for the aerobic oxidation/condensation tandem reactions between aromatic alcohols and active methylene compounds. Good tolerance for varied alcohols and nucleophiles has been observed. Control experiments verified the bifunctional role in the tandem reaction. The protocol could open up new perspectives in the rational design of efficient bifunctional catalytic systems.
Resolving relationships between several Neolithic and Mesolithic populations in Northern Eurasia using geometric morphometrics
Authors: Stansfield (Bulygina) Ekaterina , Rasskasova Anna , Berezina Natalia , Soficaru Andrei D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesRemains from several Eastern European and Siberian Mesolithic and Neolithic sites are analysed to clarify their biological relationships. We assume that groups' geographical distances correlate with genetic and, therefore, morphological distances between them.Materials and MethodsMaterial includes complete male crania from several Mesolithic and Neolithic burial sites across Northern Eurasia and from several modern populations. Geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical techniques are applied to explore morphological trends, group distances, and correlations with their geographical position, climate, and the time of origin.ResultsDespite an overlap in the morphology among the modern and archeological groups, some of them show significant morphological distances. Geographical parameters account for only a small proportion of cranial variation in the sample, with larger variance explained by geography and age together. Expectations of isolation by distance are met in some but not in all cases. Climate accounts for a large proportion of autocorrelation with geography. Nearest‐neighbor joining trees demonstrate group relationships predicted by the regression on geography and on climate.DiscussionThe obtained results are discussed in application to relationships between particular groups. Unlike the Ukrainian Mesolithic, the Yuzhny Oleni Ostrov Mesolithic displays a high morphological affinity with several groups from Northern Eurasia of both European and Asian origin. A possibility of a common substrate for the Yuzhny Oleni Ostrov Mesolithic and Siberian Neolithic groups is reviewed. The Siberian Neolithic is shown to have morphological connection with both modern Siberian groups and the Native North Americans.
Antimonene Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Application as Near‐Infrared Photothermal Agents for Effective Cancer Therapy
Authors: Tao Wei , Ji Xiaoyuan , Xu Xiaoding , Islam Mohammad Ariful , Li Zhongjun , Chen Si , Saw Phei Er , Zhang Han , Bharwani Zameer , Guo Zilei , Shi Jinjun , Farokhzad Omid C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) has shown significant potential for cancer therapy. However, developing nanomaterials (NMs)‐based photothermal agents (PTAs) with satisfactory photothermal conversion efficacy (PTCE) and biocompatibility remains a key challenge. Herein, a new generation of PTAs based on two‐dimensional (2D) antimonene quantum dots (AMQDs) was developed by a novel liquid exfoliation method. Surface modification of AMQDs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) significantly enhanced both biocompatibility and stability in physiological medium. The PEG‐coated AMQDs showed a PTCE of 45.5 %, which is higher than many other NMs‐based PTAs such as graphene, Au, MoS2, and black phosphorus (BP). The AMQDs‐based PTAs also exhibited a unique feature of NIR‐induced rapid degradability. Through both in vitro and in vivo studies, the PEG‐coated AMQDs demonstrated notable NIR‐induced tumor ablation ability. This work is expected to expand the utility of 2D antimonene (AM) to biomedical applications through the development of an entirely novel PTA platform.
An Activatable Photosensitizer Targeted to γ‐Glutamyltranspeptidase
Authors: Chiba Mayumi , Ichikawa Yuki , Kamiya Mako , Komatsu Toru , Ueno Tasuku , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Nagano Tetsuo , Lange Norbert , Urano Yasuteru 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe adopted a spirocyclization‐based strategy to design γ‐glutamyl hydroxymethyl selenorhodamine green (gGlu‐HMSeR) as a photo‐inactive compound that would be specifically cleaved by the tumor‐associated enzyme γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) to generate the potent photosensitizer HMSeR. gGlu‐HMSeR has a spirocyclic structure and is colorless and does not show marked phototoxicity toward low‐GGT‐expressing cells or normal tissues upon irradiation with visible light. In contrast, HMSeR predominantly takes an open structure, is colored, and generates reactive oxygen species upon irradiation. The γ‐glutamyl group thus serves as a tumor‐targeting moiety for photodynamic therapy (PDT), switching on tumor‐cell‐specific phototoxicity. To validate this system, we employed chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a widely used model for preliminary evaluation of drug toxicity. Photoirradiation after gGlu‐HMSeR treatment resulted in selective ablation of implanted tumor spheroids without damage to healthy tissue.