bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of a Dispersant Spraying Platform from Turboprop to Jet Engine Aircraft
Authors: Caetano Claudia , White Daniel 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Abstract 2017-370.As a result of a successful modification to an Oil Spill Response Limited Boeing 727 aircraft (registration G-OSRA) to enable aerial dispersant spraying, a paper has been written, aiming to provide an insight into the introduction of a turbine aircraft dispersant-application platform and the implications of the evolution from turboprop to jet engine aircraft. Furthermore, Oil Spill Response Limited has recently commissioned and introduced a second aircraft of the same modification specification (registration G-OSRB).As a response technique, dispersant application can have a significant impact on tackling large quantities of oil at sea; however, much of its effectiveness relies on targeting the oil during the window of opportunity in which dispersant will work successfully, in the early stages of the weathering processes.Time is, therefore, a critical factor and it is this key aspect, as well as others explored in detail throughout the paper, that led to the development of a pioneering system, specifically designed to respond to oil spills, that will undoubtedly prove to have a positive impact in terms of response times to incident sites.The paper also presents the reasons supporting the choice of a Boeing 727-2S2F (RE) aircraft as the chosen platform for dispersant spraying operations, such as the power to weight ratio, cargo capacity, and rearward mounted engine positions, to name but a few.It is also important to analyse the benefits of the Boeing 727-2S2F (RE) and the dispersant spraying system it contains during the different stages of the incident life cycle, be it during the preparation phase or the response phase. In the preparation phase, one of the advantages to highlight is the resilience of having two aircraft operated under a back to back schedule of maintenance as envisioned by a maintenance program specially designed to ensure continuous operational availability. During the response phase, aircraft such as G-OSRA and G-OSRB benefit from reduced transit times to incident sites due to the higher speed through the air that is possible with jet aircraft. Also, the paper also compares some key performance indicators such as range and speed between the turboprop aircraft of choice, Hercules L-382 and the Boeing 727-2S2F (RE).
Fingerprinting of Weathered Oil Residues from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: The Importance of Multiple Lines of Investigation
Authors: Murray Karen J. , Brown John S. , Cook Linda L. , Boehm Paul D. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT 2017-189
The crude oil released from the Macondo Well, also known for its location in Mississippi Canyon area as the MC252 well during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, entered an environment already containing a complex mixture of hydrocarbons from both natural and anthropogenic sources, many of which have closely related chemical profiles. To understand the impact of the released oil in offshore areas, a method was needed to distinguish MC252-related hydrocarbons from other sources. A multiple lines of evidence approach was developed to identify weathered MC252 oil in offshore sediments in the Gulf of Mexico. Chemical data for alkanes, PAH, petroleum biomarkers and metals were combined with spatial, temporal, and observational information to examine the fingerprints for more than 4,000 sediment samples collected over the span of five years. The unique conditions of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), with many natural petroleum seeps and tepid seas, provided an ideal environment to support microbial degradation of petroleum. As a result of these conditions, the initial fingerprint of the MC252 was rapidly and extensively altered in the environment including depletion of petroleum biomarkers, usually assumed to be recalcitrant and often used in ratios to identify petroleum residues. Revised biomarker match criteria were defined to account for biodegradation within this fraction. Applying this methodology to the offshore sediment data from the GOM provided a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of the MC252 oil in offshore sediment and an understanding of the various transport pathways which conveyed the oil to the sediments.
Cooperation between Response Crews and Land Managers Protects Snowy Plovers during the Refugio Oil Spill
Authors: Nielsen Jessica , Hampton Steve , Sandoval Cris 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
During the Refugio oil spill of May 2015 along the southern California coast, thousands of cleanup crews scoured beaches for oil, tar patties, and oiled wrack (washed-up kelp and seaweed). At the same time, federally threatened Western Snowy Plovers were feeding with their recently hatched chicks. Because they primarily forage on invertebrates in the wrack and wave-washed swash zone, they were directly threatened by both the oil and the actions of the cleanup crews. At several sites, land managers worked cooperatively to educate cleanup crews, monitor the birds, and develop cleanup strategies that balanced the benefits and impacts of the response actions. This included limiting the presence of cleanup crews to allow time for the birds to forage at regular intervals, and adopting techniques that left some unoiled wrack in place. This careful management served to minimize impacts to the birds. At Coal Oil Point Reserve, the effects of the oil and response actions on the nesting plovers and their chicks were closely studied. The results suggest that the oil and the presence of cleanup crews both affected the birds. The birds were directly oiled and suffered reduced fertility a year later. During the spill, nest attendance and feeding behavior were impacted by the presence of response crews. Careful management and coordination between biologists and response crews helps to minimize the negative effects of disturbance while achieving the benefits of removing oil from the beaches.
Global Dispersant Approvals in Asia Pacific – Current Status and On Going Challenges
Authors: Coolbaugh Thomas , Varghese Geeva , Li Lau Siau 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Following the Macondo Incident, the international oil and gas industry spent significant time and effort analyzing lessons learned and implementing key projects to ensure that critical response and preparedness issues that were identified are addressed to improve response capabilities. The Global Dispersant Stockpile (GDS) was established as part of a post-Macondo Joint Industry Project through Oil Spill Response Limited (OSRL), recognizing that delivery of sufficient quantities of dispersant is a key element for a successful dispersant operation, especially during the initial phases of a large scale response to an event such as a subsea well blowout. Taking into account the global approval status and proven effectiveness on a range of crude oils, three key oil dispersants, Finasol® OSR 52 (Total), Corexit® EC9500A (Nalco) and Slickgone® NS (Dasic) were selected for the Global Dispersant Stockpile. A total of 5,000 m3 of these dispersants are now stored and ready to be deployed from five strategically positioned global locations. For example, sizable volumes of two of these products (total volume = 700 m3) are located at OSRL’s response base in Singapore, which can be quickly mobilized to support a response in the Asia Pacific region.
An ongoing effort associated with the management of the GDS is to enable the pre-approval of at least one of the three products for countries in the region where spill response may be required. At present, this is not the case in the region for a variety of reasons, e.g., toxicity concerns and biodegradation processes of dispersed oil. A particularly cautious approach by regulatory authorities following the Macondo incident, coupled with a number of other specific regional concerns, has exacerbated the issue of obtaining and maintaining dispersant approvals in the region.
The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss the existing regulatory framework governing the dispersant product approval process and dispersant use authorization for countries in Asia Pacific. The paper will detail the present status of regulations related to dispersant use for a number of countries in the region, the potential challenges associated with achieving permissions in countries with no regulations and a discussion of strategies to address identified obstacles. Additionally the activities that are being undertaken to expand regulatory approvals will also be addressed. It is anticipated that a greater understanding of the reasoning behind the GDS will facilitate a positive regulatory perspective and the potential for dispersant pre-approval in the region.
A True Roadmap for Response Preparedness Capacity Building in Developing States
Authors: Donohue Keith M. , Moyano Miguel , Miranda-Rodríguez Dario , Taylor Elliott , Moscoso Ian , Jensen Roxanne 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Throughout much of the developing world, capacity building efforts are often delivered without implementing guidelines, whereby receiving states accept offers and/or expend their own funds for training, technical assistance and resource procurements without sound long-term plans of how to effectively capitalize on the efforts and truly build sustainable response preparedness capacity. The scope of various international, governmental and nongovernmental programs available to countries in need is potentially vast, but all too often contractors, offering organizations, or multiple agencies within the same offering organization or nation, provide capacity building that is not always linked to each other or designed to optimally build upon each other in a successive manner that moves the sovereign recipient towards a more robust response preparedness posture. This paper illustrates how a simple application of program evaluation and strategic planning, used along with very basic drills and exercises and the ARPEL RETOS™ tool assessments, can help developing states set true paths towards building better oil spill response preparedness structures in drastically resource constrained, multi-agency environments. This paper discusses how RETOS™ was used to assess oil spill response preparedness throughout the Wider Caribbean Region and presents the audience with a new outlook for conducting capacity building efforts in developing states.
Electronic Wildlife Recovery Tool
Authors: Imai Randy 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Oil spills can have significant impact on wildlife. Documenting the spatial and temporal data associated with oil spills is an important component that aids in all phases of the response. After struggling long hours to incorporate hardcopy records into a Geographic Information System (GIS), the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR) recognized the importance of developing a wildlife recovery application specifically designed for the Wildlife Branch within the Incident Command System (ICS).
The Wildlife Recovery Application (WRA) is an iOS based program designed to work optimally on an iPhone. The objective of the application was to keep it simple intuitive, reliable, and effective. The WRA can be used with minimal training and has the ability to operate in environments without cellular service. The interface permits the user to visually review the data and photographs, allowing the user to electronically transmit the information to the GIS Unit remotely once cell service or wireless internet has been established.
Once the data is transmitted to the Incident Command Post (ICP), the information can be quickly integrated into a GIS. This eliminates the difficult task of manually inputting data from handwritten field notes that may have been compromised by the environmental elements or illegible due to variations in handwriting styles or penmanship.
Lastly, the Care and Processing Group within the Wildlife Branch can integrate the data into an on-line medical database designed specifically for wildlife rehabilitators to collect, manage and analyze data for their individual wildlife patients.
Large‐Vessel Dilatation in Giant Cell Arteritis: A Different Subset of Disease?
Authors: Muratore Francesco , Kermani Tanaz A. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Koster Matthew J. , Matteson Eric L. , Salvarani Carlo , Warrington Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo compare patients with large‐vessel giant cell arteritis (LV‐GCA) characterized by wall thickening, stenosis, and/or occlusion of subclavian arteries to those with subclavian dilatation.MethodsFor the purposes of the present retrospective study, 2 different subsets of LV‐GCA were identified and compared from an established cohort of patients with radiographic evidence of subclavian artery vasculitis secondary to GCA: LV‐GCA with wall thickening, stenosis, and/or occlusion of subclavian arteries (Group 1), and LV‐GCA with dilatation of subclavian arteries without wall thickening or stenotic changes (Group 2).ResultsThe study included 109 patients in Group 1 and 11 in Group 2. Large‐vessel involvement secondary to GCA was diagnosed significantly later in patients from Group 2 compared to those from Group 1 (median 15.3 versus 0.0 months; P = 0.010). Compared to patients from Group 1, those from Group 2 were more frequently male (17% versus 45%; P = 0.027), ever smokers (42% versus 73%; P = 0.048), and more frequently had a history of coronary artery disease (11% versus 36%; P = 0.018). At LV‐GCA diagnosis, 10 of the 11 patients (91%) from Group 2 had aortic dilatation compared to 13 of 109 patients (12%) from Group 1 (P < 0.001). During the followup period, the prevalence of aortic aneurysm was significantly higher in patients from Group 2 compared with those from Group 1 (64% versus 7% at 5 years; P < 0.001).ConclusionTwo different subsets of LV‐GCA were identified. Given the strong association between subclavian artery dilatation and aortic aneurysm, such patients should be evaluated and monitored carefully for aortic dilatation.
Orthopedic Surgery Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population‐Based Study to Identify Risk Factors, Sex Differences, and Time Trends
Authors: Richter Michael D. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L. , Makol Ashima 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for large‐joint surgery (LJS) versus small‐joint surgery (SJS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and evaluate trends in surgery rates over time.MethodsA retrospective medical record review of all orthopedic surgeries following first fulfillment of the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for adult‐onset RA among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota between 1980 and 2013 was performed. Risk factors were examined using Cox models adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year of RA incidence. Trends in incidence of joint surgeries were examined using Poisson regression models.ResultsA total of 1,077 patients with RA (mean age 56 years, 69% female, 66% seropositive for rheumatoid factor [RF] and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti‐CCP] antibodies) were followed for a median of 10.7 years, during which 112 patients (90 women) underwent at least 1 SJS and 204 (141 women) underwent at least 1 LJS. Risk factors included advanced age, and RF and anti‐CCP antibody positivity for both SJS and LJS, and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 for LJS. Risk factors for SJS and LJS at any time during followup included the presence of radiographic erosions, large‐joint swelling, and methotrexate use. SJS rates decreased by calendar year of incidence (hazard ratio 0.53, P = 0.001), with significant decline in the rates of SJS after 1995. The cumulative incidence of SJS was higher in women than men (P = 0.008).ConclusionIn recent years, there has been a significant decline in the rates of SJS but not LJS in patients with RA. The incidence of SJS is higher among women. Traditional RA risk factors are strong predictors for SJS and LJS. Increasing age and obesity are predictive of LJS.
Frontiers in the Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films: Past, Present, and Future of Hybrid MBE
Authors: Brahlek Matthew , Gupta Arnab Sen , Lapano Jason , Roth Joseph , Zhang Hai‐Tian , Zhang Lei , Haislmaier Ryan , Engel‐Herbert Roman 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDriven by an ever‐expanding interest in new material systems with new functionality, the growth of atomic‐scale electronic materials by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has evolved continuously since the 1950s. Here, a new MBE technique called hybrid‐MBE (hMBE) is reviewed that has been proven a powerful approach for tackling the challenge of growing high‐quality, multicomponent complex oxides, specifically the ABO3 perovskites. The goal of this work is to (1) discuss the development of hMBE in a historical context, (2) review the advantageous surface kinetics and chemistry that enable the self‐regulated growth of ABO3 perovskites, (3) layout the key components and technical challenges associated with hMBE, (4) review the status of the field and the materials that have been successfully grown by hMBE which demonstrate its general applicability, and (5) discuss the future of hMBE in regards to technical innovations and expansion into new material classes, which are aimed at expanding into industrial realm and at tackling new scientific endeavors.
Activatable Hybrid Nanotheranostics for Tetramodal Imaging and Synergistic Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Goel Shreya , Ferreira Carolina A. , Chen Feng , Ellison Paul A. , Siamof Cerise M. , Barnhart Todd E. , Cai Weibo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA multifunctional core–satellite nanoconstruct is designed by assembling copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles on the surface of [89Zr]‐labeled hollow mesoporous silica nanoshells filled with porphyrin molecules, for effective cancer imaging and therapy. The hybrid nanotheranostic demonstrates three significant features: (1) simple and robust construction from biocompatible building blocks, demonstrating prolonged blood retention, enhanced tumor accumulation, and minimal long‐term systemic toxicity, (2) rationally selected functional moieties that interact together to enable simultaneous tetramodal (positron emission tomography/fluorescence/Cerenkov luminescence/Cerenkov radiation energy transfer) imaging for rapid and accurate delineation of tumors and multimodal image‐guided therapy in vivo, and (3) synergistic interaction between CuS‐mediated photothermal therapy and porphyrin‐mediated photodynamic therapy which results in complete tumor elimination within a day of treatment with no visible recurrence or side effects. Overall, this proof‐of‐concept study illustrates an efficient, generalized approach to design high‐performance core–satellite nanohybrids that can be easily tailored to combine a wide variety of imaging and therapeutic modalities for improved and personalized cancer theranostics in the future.
Pressure‐Induced Wide‐Range Reversible Emission Shift of Triphenylamine‐Substituted Anthracene via Hybridized Local and Charge Transfer (HLCT) Excited State
Authors: Li Aisen , Ma Zhiyong , Wu Jinxia , Li Ping , Wang Hailong , Geng Yijia , Xu Shuping , Yang Bing , Zhang Houyu , Cui Haining , Xu Weiqing 
Published: December 2017

Abstract4‐(Anthracen‐9‐yl)‐N,N‐diphenylaniline (TPA‐AN) is a typical molecule belonging to a donor–acceptor system. Here, the ordered crystal and the powder of TPA‐AN are used for high‐pressure Raman and fluorescence experiments, and their spectroscopic features under the shearing force of grinding and the hydrostatic pressure applied by a diamond anvil cell (DAC) are compared. The mechanochromism of TPA‐AN is discussed in detail based on the analysis of its single‐crystal structure and pressure‐driven spectral changes. During the DAC compression process, the TPA‐AN crystal shows an obvious emission band shift (from 476 to 600 nm) along with a new intramolecular charge transfer state that is separated from the hybridized local and charge transfer excited state and extremely sensitive to external force. Once the pressure is relieved, the Raman and fluorescence spectra both entirely self‐recover without a secondary force. To the authors' knowledge, TPA‐AN crystal is one of the largest emission shift organic mechanochromic fluorescent materials among reported publications. The reversible mechanochromic property of TPA‐AN for a wide‐range emission shift implies a great application potential as smart stimuli‐responsive layer in the fields of sensing, organic light‐emitting diode displays, and data storage.
A Large‐Area Smart Window with Tunable Shading and Solar‐Thermal Harvesting Ability Based on Remote Switching of a Magneto‐Active Liquid
Authors: Heiz Benjamin P. V. , Pan Zhiwen , Su Lingqi , Le Si Thien , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSwitchable windows provide intriguing opportunities for addressing the challenges of modern building skins. In particular, indoor comfort and the control of radiative heat transfer into and out of the building require adaptive and tunable solutions for shading and emissivity. Here, a switchable, ultrathin suspended particle device (SPD) for large‐area integration with smart facades is presented. The system is based on a fluidic window, manufactured at low cost from a laminate of structured, rolled glass and a thin cover with high surface strength. Loading the circulating fluid with magnetic nanoparticles enables active shading and solar‐thermal energy harvesting, whereby the loading state and, hence, the optical properties of the liquid can be controlled through remote switching in a particle collector‐suspender device. In the fully shaded state, a typical harvesting efficiency of 45% of the incoming solar power is obtained. For an average solar irradiance of 1000 W m−2 during 800 h a−1, this corresponds to a solar thermal harvesting capacity in the range of 360 kWh a−1 m−2. In comparison to alternative SPD concepts, this enables high flexibility and compatibility with established production lines. In addition, there is no need for further electrical contact, transparent conductive layers, or electrolytes.
All‐in‐One Cellulose Nanocrystals for 3D Printing of Nanocomposite Hydrogels
Authors: Wang Jieping , Chiappone Annalisa , Roppolo Ignazio , Shao Feng , Fantino Erika , Lorusso Massimo , Rentsch Daniel , Dietliker Kurt , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with >2000 photoactive groups on each can act as highly efficient initiators for radical polymerizations, cross‐linkers, as well as covalently embedded nanofillers for nanocomposite hydrogels. This is achieved by a simple and reliable method for surface modification of CNCs with a photoactive bis(acyl)phosphane oxide derivative. Shape‐persistent and free‐standing 3D structured objects were printed with a mono‐functional methacrylate, showing a superior swelling capacity and improved mechanical properties.