bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression in Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells after Treatment with Stanozolol
Authors: Reiter M. , Pfaffl M.W. , Schönfelder M. , Meyer H.H.D. 
Published: November 2017

Doping with anabolic agents is a topic in sports where strength is crucial, e.g. sprinting, weight lifting and many more. Testosterone and its functional analogs are the drugs of choice taken as pills, creams, tape or injections to increase muscle mass and body performance, and to reduce body fat. Stanozolol (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-eno[3,2c]pyrazol) is a testosterone analogue with the same anabolic effect like testosterone but its ring structure makes it possible to take it orally. Therefore, stanozolol is one of the most frequently used anabolic steroids. Common verification methods for anabolic drugs exist, identifying the chemicals in tissues, like hair or blood samples. The idea of this feasibility study was to search for specific gene expression regulations induced by stanozolol to identify the possible influence of the synthetically hormone on different metabolic pathways. Finding biomarkers for anabolic drugs could be supportive of the existing methods and an additional proof for illegal drug abuse. In two separate cell cultures, human HFDPC (hair follicle dermal papilla cells) from a female and a male donor were treated with stanozolol. In the female cell culture treatment concentrations of 0 nM (control), 1 nM, 10 nM and 100 nM were chosen. Cells were taken 0 h, 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after stimulation and totalRNA was extracted. Learning from the results of the pilot experiment, the male cell culture was treated in 10 nM and 100 nM concentrations and taken after 0 h, 6 h, 24 h and 72 h. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression of characteristics of different target genes were analysed. Totally 13 genes were selected according to their functionality by screening the actual literature and composed to functional groups: factors of apoptosis regulation were Fas Ligand (FasL), its receptor (FasR), Caspase 8 and Bcl-2. Androgen receptor (AR) and both estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) were summarized in the steroid receptor group. The growth factor group included the insulin like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and growth hormone receptor (GHR). Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and keratinocyte growth factor (FGF7) were summarized in the hair cycle factor group. 5α-Steroidreductases (SRD5A1, SRD5A2) represented the enzyme group. Three reference genes were taken for relative quantification: ubiquitin (UBQ), glycerinaldehyde-3-phsophate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β-actin (ACTB). In cell culture 1 AR, FasR, FGF2 showed significant regulations within one treatment time, significant gene expressions over time were analysed for Caspase 8. In cell culture 2 AR, FasR and SRD5A2 were significantly regulated within one treatment time. In this feasibility study first biomarker for a screening pattern of anabolic agents could be identified providing the rationality to investigate modified, metabolic pathways in the whole hair follicle.
Changes in Plasma IL-6, Plasma VEGF and Serum YKL-40 During Treatment with Etanercept and Methotrexate or Etanercept alone in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis despite Methotrexate Therapy
Authors: Knudsen Lene Surland , Hetland Merete Lund , Johansen Julia Sidenius , Skjødt Henrik , Peters Niels Daugaard , Colic Ada , Grau Karin , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: November 2017

Changes in plasma IL-6, plasma VEGF and serum YKL-40 were determined in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients during treatment with etanercept alone or in combination with methotrexate. Twenty-five patients with active RA (DAS28 ≥ 3.2) were randomized to receive etanercept (25 mg sc. biweekly) plus methotrexate (n = 12) or etanercept alone (n = 13). Plasma IL-6, plasma VEGF and serum YKL-40 were determined by ELISA. The 3 biomarkers and DAS28 scores were evaluated at baseline and after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of treatment. At inclusion all patients had significantly (p < 0.001) elevated plasma IL-6, plasma VEGF and serum YKL-40 compared to healthy subjects. Eighteen patients responded to treatment (pooled data from both treatment groups), and they had significant (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) decreases in plasma IL-6, plasma VEGF, serum YKL-40, ESR and DAS28 after 4 weeks of treatment and throughout the study (except serum YKL-40 at week 16). Plasma IL-6 showed the largest reductions. Non-responders had unchanged biomarkers. At week 16 the patients with DAS28 < 3.2 had lower levels compared to baseline values in plasma IL-6 (p = 0.005), plasma VEGF (p = 0.014), and ESR (p = 0.024).Plasma IL-6, plasma VEGF and serum YKL-40, which reflect different aspects of the inflammatory process, may provide useful information regarding early differentiation of responders from non-responders.
Decreased Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in Autistic Children with severe Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Russo A.J. , Krigsman A. , Jepson B. , Wakefield Andrew 
Published: November 2017

Aim To assess serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) levels in autistic children with severe gastrointestinal (GI) disease and to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between GI pathology and HGF concentration. Subjects and Methods Serum from 29 autistic children with chronic digestive disease (symptoms for a minimum of 6–12 months), most with ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (LNH—markedly enlarged lymphoid nodules) and inflammation of the colorectum, small bowel and/or stomach), and 31 controls (11 age matched autistic children with no GI disease, 11 age matched non autistic children without GI disease and 9 age matched non autistic children with GI disease) were tested for HGF using ELISAs. HGF concentration of autistic children with GI disease was compared to GI disease severity. Results Autistic children with GI disease had significantly lower serum levels of HGF compared to controls (autistic without GI disease; p = 0.0005, non autistic with no GI disease; p = 0.0001, and non autistic with GI disease; p = 0.001). Collectively, all autistic children had significantly lower HGF levels when compared to non autistic children (p < 0.0001). We did not find any relationship between severity of GI disease and HGF concentration in autistic children with GI disease. Discussion These results suggest an association between HGF serum levels and the presence of GI disease in autistic children and explain a potential functional connection between the Met gene and autism. The concentration of serum HGF may be a useful biomarker for autistic children, especially those with severe GI disease.
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations
Authors: Jungclaus Johann H. , Bard Edouard , Baroni Mélanie , Braconnot Pascale , Cao Jian , Chini Louise P. , Egorova Tania , Evans Michael , González-Rouco J. Fidel , Goosse Hugues , Hurtt George C. , Joos Fortunat , Kaplan Jed O. , Khodri Myriam , Klein Goldewijk Kees , Krivova Natalie , LeGrande Allegra N. , Lorenz Stephan J. , Luterbacher Jürg , Man Wenmin , Maycock Amanda C. , Meinshausen Malte , Moberg Anders , Muscheler Raimund , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Otto-Bliesner Bette I. , Phipps Steven J. , Pongratz Julia , Rozanov Eugene , Schmidt Gavin A. , Schmidt Hauke , Schmutz Werner , Schurer Andrew , Shapiro Alexander I. , Sigl Michael , Smerdon Jason E. , Solanki Sami K. , Timmreck Claudia , Toohey Matthew , Usoskin Ilya G. , Wagner Sebastian , Wu Chi-Ju , Yeo Kok Leng , Zanchettin Davide , Zhang Qiong , Zorita Eduardo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of the PMIP (PMIP4). The past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forcing under background conditions not too different from today, and to discriminate between forced and internally generated variability on interannual to centennial timescales. This paper describes the motivation and the experimental set-ups for the PMIP4-CMIP6 past1000 simulations, and discusses the forcing agents orbital, solar, volcanic, and land use/land cover changes, and variations in greenhouse gas concentrations. The past1000 simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium from 850 Common Era (CE) to 1849 CE have to be complemented by historical simulations (1850 to 2014 CE) following the CMIP6 protocol. The external forcings for the past1000 experiments have been adapted to provide a seamless transition across these time periods. Protocols for the past1000 simulations have been divided into three tiers. A default forcing data set has been defined for the Tier 1 (the CMIP6 past1000) experiment. However, the PMIP community has maintained the flexibility to conduct coordinated sensitivity experiments to explore uncertainty in forcing reconstructions as well as parameter uncertainty in dedicated Tier 2 simulations. Additional experiments (Tier 3) are defined to foster collaborative model experiments focusing on the early instrumental period and to extend the temporal range and the scope of the simulations. This paper outlines current and future research foci and common analyses for collaborative work between the PMIP and the observational communities (reconstructions, instrumental data).
O Desenvolvimento Humano em ambientes metropolitanos: subsídios teóricos e metodológicos para a mensuração estatística
Authors: Pinheiro Alencar Diego , Lacerda Ribeiro Viana Juheina 
Published: November 2017

ResumoO levantamento de varáveis vinculado ao desenvolvimento humano se apresenta sempre enquanto exercício complexo, fato que é otimizado quando se trata de ambientes metropolitanos. Esserecorte espacial é caracterizado dentre outros fatores, por intensas contradições socioeconomicas, materializadas em diferentes contextos, como habitação, acesso à bens e consumo e oportunidades de mobilidade. Os deslocamentos intrametropolitanos são apresentados enquantopossibilidade de integração das demandas metropolitanas, fato que o torna a mobilidade, elemento central na discussão da qualidade de vida nos ambientes metropolitanos. Nesse sentido, a produção/organização dos indicadores relacionados ao desenvolvimento humano em Regiões Metropolitanas, se caracteriza como proposta negligente quando desconsidera os elementos relacionados aos deslocamentos populacionais cotidianos.Palavras-Chave: Desenvolvimento Humano; Regiões Metropolitanas; Indicadores Estatísticos. AbstractThe gathering of variables linked to human development is always presented as a complex exercise, fact optimized when the subject is metropolitan environments. This spatial scope is characterized, among other factors, for intense social and economic contradictions, materialized in different contexts as housing, access to goods and oportunities of mobility. The intrametropolitan displacements are presented as possibility of integration of metropolitan demands, fact that turns mobility a central element in the discussion of life quality in metropolitan environments. Thus, the production/organization of indexes related to human development in Metropolitan Regions characterize itself as a negligent proposal when elements related to daily population displacements are not considered.Keywords: Human Development. Metropolitan Regions. Statistical Indexes. ResumenLa encuesta de variables relacionadas con el desarrollo humano se presenta siempre como un ejercicio complejo, un hecho que se optimiza cuando se trata de entornos metropolitanos. Esta área espacial se caracteriza, entre otros factores, por las contradicciones socioeconómicas intensas incorporadas en diferentes contextos, como la vivienda, el acceso a los bienes y las oportunidades de consumo y movilidad. Los desplazamientos intra-metropolitanos san presentados mientras posibilidad para integración de las demandas metropolitanas, un hecho que hace la movilidad un elemento central en la discusión a respecto de la calidad de vida en entornos metropolitanos. En este sentido, la producción / organización de los indicadores relacionados con el desarrollo humano en las áreas metropolitanas se caracteriza por ser una propuesta negligente cuando no tiene en cuenta los elementos relacionados con el desplazamiento diario de la población.Palabras clave: Desarrollo Humano; Las áreas metropolitanas; Los indicadores estadísticos.
Território Usado: o elo perdido no federalismo brasileiro
Authors: Carloto Denis Ricardo 
Published: November 2017

ResumoO texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre a categoria território usado na constituição da federação brasileira com o intuito de diminuir as desigualdades socioespaciais existentes no país. Entende-se que o território usado é um dos elos para o fortalecimento do federalismo brasileiro na construção de uma nação forte, democrática e consolidada. Reforça-se a ideia de que o federalismo é pacto entre diferentes que se uniram em prol da igualdade e combate as desigualdades, mantendo as diversidades e diferenças. Igualdade esta tanto social quanto política, econômica e cultural não para homogeneizar a sociedade, mas para garantir os usos mais igualitários. Não é também entendido como a igualdade das unidades federadas no que se refere ao tamanho da superfície e da população, como muitas vezes planejada.Palavras-chave: Território Usado; Federalismo; Desigualdades Socioespaciais; Fragmentação; Solidariedade. AbstractThe objective of the text is to consider carefully the category used territory in the constitution of the Brazilian federation with the aim of reducing the socialspatial inequalities that there are in the world. We understand that the used territory is one of the links for the strengthening of the Brazilian federalism in the building of a consolidated democratic strong nation. We give additional force to the idea that federalism is an agreement among the different units. And these have joined together on the behalf of equality to strive against inequalities, maintaining the diversities and differences. equality is not to make homogeneous but to guarantee more equalitarian uses. Also we do not understand as the equality of the federal units concerning the size of the area and the population as it is planned many times.Keywords : Used territory; Federalism; Socialspatial inequalities; Fragmentation;Solidarity. RésuméLe texte a comme objectif réfléchir sur la catégorie territoire usé dans la constitution de la fédération brésilienne qui a comme but réduire les inégalités sociospatiaux existentes au pays. On comprend que le territoire usé est un lien pour le renforcement du fédéralisme brésilien dans la construction d`une nation forte, démocratique et consolidée. On renforce l´idée de que le fédéralisme est un pacte entre différents, qu´ on se réunit en faveur d´égalité et d´affronter les inégalités, en conservant les diversités et les différences. Égalité celle-ci autant sociale que politique, économique et culturelle, pas pour homogénéiser la societé, mais pour assurer les usages plus égalitaires. Cela n´est pas aussi compris comme l´égalité des unités fédérés dans ce qui concerne la taille de la surface et de la population, comme beaucoup de fois planifiées.Mots-clé: Territoire Usé; Fédéralisme; Inégalités; Sociospatiaux; Fragmentation; Solidarité.
E-learning en el campo de la docencia en arquitectura sostenible: aplicación al anàlisis de ventilación natural en la edificación
Authors: López Jiménez P. Amparo 
Published: November 2017

La docencia a través de herramientas a distancia (e-learning) utilizando recursos en plataformas que utilizan Internet es cada día más importante. Las razones
para ello son varias: de un lado, los alumnos se encuentran con que el proceso enseñanza- aprendizaje puede adaptarse a sus requerimientos de tiempo y de
comprensión de los conceptos; y de otro lado, los conceptos que se presentan pueden incluir elementos interactivos. En este sentido, las experiencias
desarrolladas por la autora del presente trabajo se centran en el desarrollo de los llamados Objetos de Aprendizaje para la docencia interactiva en el campo de la ventilación natural en la edificación. La experiencia está siendo muy interactiva. A modo de ejemplo, el objeto "Diseño de ventilación sostenible en la edificación"
se encuentra presentado en castellano, pero transcrito a inglés y ha recibido un seguimiento muy importante desde su creación.
Teaching through remote tools (e-learning) using resources on platforms based on Internet is increasingly important. The reasons for this are several: first, students find that the teaching-learning process can be adapted to their time requirements and understanding of concepts. Secondly, the concepts presented may include interactive elements such as videos, spreadsheets, links to other pages updated, etc ... Making that information always available for students is very interesting for them, presenting the most important concepts at every
moment of their curricula. In this sense, the experiences developed by the author of this work focus on the development of so-called "Learning Objects" for
interactive teaching in the field of natural ventilation in buildings. The experience has been very interactive. I.e., the object "Designing sustainable ventilation in buildings" is presented in Spanish, but transcribed into English. Many students have followed this information since it was presented online.
Factores que afectan la salud en los edificios: un tema a ser considerado en la enseñanza de arquitectura
Authors: Medina Soraya , Franco González Fidel 
Published: November 2017

Este artículo recoge las conclusiones de un trabajo previo de fin de máster relativas a la sensibilidad química múltiple causada por la gran cantidad de contaminantes químicos
en el interior de las edificaciones. Los campos electromagnéticos de baja frecuencia y microondas son otros de los contaminantes que han provocado el fenómeno de la electrosensibilidad. La masificación del uso de materiales sintéticos en los edificios, productos químicos contaminantes y herramientas tecnológicas automatizadas (domótica), están causando un gran impacto negativo en la salud por lo que debería comenzar a inquietar y ser preocupación de los profesionales el contribuir a proteger la salud de sus ocupantes y debería considerarse ampliar la docencia de arquitectura ofreciendo una enseñanza exhaustiva de estos temas a los estudiantes de arquitectura con el fin de evitar la mala praxis futura.
In this paper the results of a previous study master on multiple chemical sensitivity caused by the large number of chemical contaminants inside buildings and electromagnetic fields of low frequency and microwave are collected are other pollutants that have caused electrosensitivity phenomenon. The mass use of synthetic materials, chemical pollutants, automated technological tools (automation), is causing a negative impact on health. So you should start to worry and be concerned for construction professionals that beyond providing a space for housing help protect the health of its occupants. Just as it should be considered seriously expand the lecture in the teaching of architecture offering a complete teaching of these subjects to students of architecture in order to avoid future unknowns and bad practice, as is currently evident.
Sostenibilidad y otras demandas contraintuitivas de la pedagogía de la creatividad
Authors: Mestre Nieves , Roig Eduardo 
Published: November 2017

Numerosos organismos internacionales han resaltado la urgencia e importancia de una educación para la sostenibilidad en todos los ámbitos educativos y especialmente en el universitario (Aznar et al. 2010). Sus
profundos efectos sobre las áreas de conocimiento relacionadas con la creatividad aplicada precisan de una fuerte renovación pedagógica, que las actuales estructuras académicas politécnicas pueden encajar con dificultad. Frente a la mirada focal de la didáctica clásica, esta pedagogía requiere la ejercitación de la mirada periférica propia de un nuevo contexto centrífugo.
Debemos rediseñar una herramienta que permita superar la “falacia mecanicista” sostenida por la disciplina durante todo el siglo pasado y que ha consolidado la separación de las ciencias ambientales respecto del diseño
arquitectónico (Roaf y Bairstow 2008: 4).
Numerous international organizations have highlighted the urgency and importance of education for sustainability in all areas of education, especially at university (Aznar et al. 2010). Its effects on knowledge areas related to applied creativity require a strong educational reform, which current Polytechnic academic structures can match up with difficulty. Against the focal view of classical didactic, this pedagogy requires a training on peripheral view
towards a new centrifugal context. We should envisage a tool to overcome the "mechanistic fallacy" sustained by the discipline over the last century, which has consolidated the separation of environmental science from architectural
design (Roaf and Bairstow 2008: 4).
Preparación interdisciplinaria para la didáctica de proyectos arquitectónicos: un grupo experimental en el primer curso de carrera
Authors: Saura Carulla Magdalena 
Published: November 2017

Enseñar proyectos se contempla como una actividad que ocurre con participación activa. La actividad docente en talleres (architectural design studio) y, a veces, en algunos ambientes de campus universitarios, al aire libre. Según John Dewey, la preparación innovadora de un clase, en contraste de una enseñanza tradicional, exige no sólo un aprendizaje de materias sino también un participación activa durante la transmisión de conocimientos. En esta comunicación se presenta como ha sido la participación evaluada, en talleres tanto a nivel de grado como de postgrado. El rendimiento tanto los que trabajan digital como analógicamente se ha avaluado a
través de motivación, habilidad, aptitud y actitud de inicios a final de curso. Una experiencia educadora integral e interdisciplinar propicia una construcción de pensamiento crítico en el proceso de diseño arquitectónico.
Architectural design studio teaching is viewed as an activity that occurs with active participation of the student in the design process. In some campus environment design studios may happen outdoors. According to Dewey traditional views of learning posit that learning occurs in the
active learning classroom, into active role participants achieve during the transmission of information in class. In this paper active learning has been evaluated among students of architecture working in both paperless design studio and collaborative virtual design studio. An interdisciplinary, holistic, learning experience prompted to build collaborative and critical thinking along the design process.