bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combinación de bandas óptima para la discriminación de sabanas tropicales, usando imágenes Landsat ETM
Authors: Santana Rodriguez Luis Marino , Salas Rey Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2017

Algunos autores han encontrado problemas de discriminación entre las clases de ocupación del suelo presentes en sabanas tropicales, al utilizar imágenes Landsat. Este trabajo de investigación indaga acerca de la combinación de bandas más apropiadas, entre seis distintas, para diferenciar dichas clases en un sector de sabanas colombianas, utilizando una imagen Landsat ETM+. Las combinaciones incluyen las bandas espectrales no térmicas (combinación de referencia), a la que secuencial e individualmente se le adicionaba una imagen de entropía obtenida de la banda 4, el primer componente principal de todas las bandas, los componentes verdor y brillo de la transformación Tasseled Cap y el índice de vegetación NDVI. Inicialmente se utilizó análisis discriminante por pasos para clasificar los niveles digitales de 352 puntos distribuidos de forma aleatoria en la imagen, considerando las clases de cobertura y uso de la tierra presentes. Posteriormente se realizaron clasificaciones supervisadas, mediante el algoritmo de máxima probabilidad, utilizando las mismas combinaciones del análisis discriminante como en las clasificaciones supervisadas, dan cuenta que la mayor fiabilidad respecto a la combinación de referencias se logra adicionando la imagen de entropía a las bandas espectrales. Por tanto, el análisis discriminante permite seleccionar, entre muchas bandas, la combinación más adecuada para obtener la mejor discriminación.
Organic food purchasing behavior of young consumers: the role of enviromental concern
Authors: Hằng Nga Nguyễn Thị 
Published: July 2017

<em>This research study focuses on factors which can affect purchasing behaviour of young customers with regard to organic food. Results from this study show that attitudes, perceived behavioral control, perceived consumer effectiveness and c</em><em>oncern for self-image positively impact purchasing behaviour of highly environmental concern consumers. With respect to slightly environmental concern consumers their puchasing behaviour is not exposed to attitudes, perceived behavioral control, perceived consumer effectiveness and concern for self-image. Subjective norms positively affect consumer behaviour, regardless of whether the consumer is highly environmental concern or not. However, the effect of subjective norms on purchasing behaviour of low environmental concern consumers is greater than that of consumers with high environmental concern.</em>
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF SOME DERIVATIVES SYNTHESIZED FROM CURCUMIN AND CURCUMIN ANALOG
Authors: Hoàn Dương Quốc 
Published: July 2017

The acetohydrazides <strong>A5 </strong>containing an isoxazole ring and<strong> B5</strong> containing an indazole ring were synthesized from the corresponding acetohydrazide derivatives with acetic anhydride in about 80% high yield. Also, two acetohydrazones <strong>B6</strong> and <strong>B7</strong> were driven from acetohydrazide <strong>B4</strong> by condensation reaction. Bioactivity testes showed that none of them were active against on bacteria except acetohydrazones <strong>B7</strong> showing moderate reactivity against KB cancer cell line at <em>IC<sub>50</sub></em> = 57 mg/L.
Immediate rehabilitation with feeding appliance of a three day old neonate with cleft lip and palate- a case report
Authors: Kapoor Deepika , Garg Deepanshu 
Published: July 2017

Orofacial clefts (OFC) are one of the most common congenital problems seen with a very high incidence. It imparts a negative effect on the overall health of the child by hindering in his feeding practices, normal facial growth, development of dentition and hence speech. Infants born with orofacial clefts have oronasal communication which creates a problem with the creation of negative pressure inside the oral cavity required for suckling.The treatment for such patients is with the multidisciplinary approach but the preliminary concern for the neonate is to help with the feeding for which a feeding appliance is given. This case report presents a case of a 3-day old infant to whom a feeding appliance was given to aid in suckling.
Sclerotherapy for Oral Pyogenic Granuloma – A case report
Authors: Regmee Pragya , Rimal Jyotsna , Maharjan Iccha Kumar , Pandey Sushma , Niroula Deepa , Luitel Abhinaya 
Published: July 2017

First described by Hullihen in 1844, Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign, exophytic vascular tumor. It is not infective, purulent or granulomatous but a reactive inflammatory mass of blood vessels with few fibroblasts within the mucosa or skin. Without any general agreement, there exist a variety of treatment options (complete surgical resection, cryosurgery, curettage, lasers etc). However, recurrence has been frequently reported. Sclerotherapy in PG (a vascular tumor) is not as commonly reported as in cases of hemangioma.Herein, we present a case of twenty-eight years old female with a clinical diagnosis of PG, treated with intralesional sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS). Intralesional injection of 0.2 ml of undiluted STS was given for three visits between 10th of January and 21st of February 2016. The lesion healed completely at the patient’s fourth visit and recurrence was not reported till the patient was followed up for one year, i.e February 2017.
Comparison of External and Internal Injury in Cases of Fatal Blunt Trauma Head Injury Autopsied at Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sah Bikash , Yadav Bishwanath , Jha Shivendra 
Published: July 2017

Background & Objectives: Blunt trauma is more likely to be missed because clinical signs are less obvious in many regions of the body. This study was done with an objective to compare external and internal injuries of autopsy cases with fatal blunt trauma head injuries.Materials & Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional and analytical study done on the autopsy cases at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (tertiary hospital in eastern Nepal) from 13th April 2012 to 13th April 2013 with Head injuries by blunt trauma with or without concomitant non-head injuries. The decomposed bodies and the bodies where cause of trauma could not be differentiated were excluded. Postmortem examination was conducted on all the cases and the injuries present on all the body parts were noted. Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score was given for each injury. Appropriate statistical tool was used to compare the AIS scores of external and internal injuries. The test of significance was fixed at p < 0.01. Results: The correlation of scalp injuries with that of skull fracture, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral injury and overall internal head injury were 0.591, 0.772, 0.439 and 0.600 respectively and all these correlations were statistically significant whereas the correlation between concomitant external and internal non-head injuries is -0.092 which is statistically not significant.Conclusion: This study has shown a statistically significant positive correlation between external and internal blunt trauma head injuries but there is no statistically significant correlation between concomitant external and internal non-head injuries.
Patterns of palatal rugae as an indicator of identification in young adults of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Ashish , Shrestha Sushmita , Marla Vinay , Agrawal Navin 
Published: July 2017

Background & Objectives: The current study was conducted to identify and determine the association between gender and characteristics of palatal rugae in Nepalese population. Materials & Methods: Characteristics of palatal rugae including number, length, shape, direction and unification were analyzed in 100 maxillary dental plaster casts. Association between palatal rugae and gender were tested using chi square analysis and statistical descriptors were identified using SPSS 10.0 keeping the level of statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: A total of 997 rugae were traced. Females were found to have more rugae than males though statistically not significant. In the present study significant difference in secondary (p=0.012), fragmentary (p=0.005), straight (p=0.001) and perpendicular directed (p<0.0001) palatal rugae were observed, which were higher among females. Forward directed followed by backward were predominantly observed and more among females. Wavy followed by curved, straight and circular rugae was the most prevalent shape.Conclusion: No two individual had similar rugae pattern. They can be used to identify people and differentiate between males and females in addition to other tools of identification and has great application in forensic science.
Evolution of a Pulsar Wind Nebula within a Composite Supernova Remnant
Authors: Kolb Christopher , Blondin John , Slane Patrick , Temim Tea 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The interaction between a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) and its host supernova remnant (SNR) can produce a vast array of observable structures. Asymmetry present within these structures derives from the complexity of the composite system, where many factors take turns playing a dominating hand throughout the stages of composite SNR evolution. Of particular interest are systems characterized by blastwave expansion within a nonuniform interstellar medium (ISM), which contain an active pulsar having a substantial “kick” velocity (upward of 300

km

s

−
1

), because these systems tend to produce complex morphologies. We present a numerical model that employs these and several other factors in an effort to generate asymmetry similar to that seen in various X-ray and radio observations. We find that the main parameters driving structure are ISM uniformity and total pulsar spin-down energy, with secondary contributions from factors such as pulsar trajectory and initial spin-down luminosity. We also investigate the dynamics behind PWN “tails,” which may form to link active pulsars to a crushed, relic nebula as the reverse shock passes. We find that the directions of such tails are not good indicators of pulsar motion, but direction does reveal the flow of ejecta created by the passage of a reverse shock.
A New Target Object for Constraining Annihilating Dark Matter
Authors: Chan Man Ho 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the past decade, gamma-ray observations and radio observations of our Milky Way and the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies put very strong constraints on annihilation cross sections of dark matter. In this paper, we suggest a new target object (NGC 2976) that can be used for constraining annihilating dark matter. The radio and X-ray data of NGC 2976 can put very tight constraints on the leptophilic channels of dark matter annihilation. The lower limits of dark matter mass annihilating via

,

, and

channels are 200 GeV, 130 GeV, and 110 GeV, respectively, with the canonical thermal relic cross section. We suggest that this kind of large nearby dwarf galaxy with a relatively high magnetic field can be a good candidate for constraining annihilating dark matter in future analyses.
Detection of Polarized Infrared Emission by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the MWC 1080 Nebula
Authors: Zhang Han , Telesco Charles M. , Hoang Thiem , Li Aigen , Pantin Eric , Wright Christopher M. , Li Dan , Barnes Peter 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in astrophysical environments, as revealed by their pronounced emission features at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3, and 12.7 μm commonly ascribed to the C–H and C–C vibrational modes. Although these features have long been predicted to be polarized, previous searches for PAH polarization led to null or, at best, tentative detections. Here we report the definite detection of polarized PAH emission at 11.3 μm in the nebula associated with the Herbig Be star MWC 1080. We measure a polarization degree of 1.9% ± 0.2%, which is unexpectedly high compared to models. This poses a challenge in the current understanding of the alignment of PAHs, which is required to polarize the PAH emission but thought to be substantially suppressed. PAH alignment with a magnetic field via a resonance paramagnetic relaxation process may account for such a high level of polarization.
Heating of an Erupting Prominence Associated with a Solar Coronal Mass Ejection on 2012 January 27
Authors: Lee Jin-Yi , Raymond John C. , Reeves Katharine K. , Moon Yong-Jae , Kim Kap-Sung 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We investigate the heating of an erupting prominence and loops associated with a coronal mass ejection and X-class flare. The prominence is seen as absorption in EUV at the beginning of its eruption. Later, the prominence changes to emission, which indicates heating of the erupting plasma. We find the densities of the erupting prominence using the absorption properties of hydrogen and helium in different passbands. We estimate the temperatures and densities of the erupting prominence and loops seen as emission features using the differential emission measure method, which uses both EUV and X-ray observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the X-ray Telescope on board Hinode. We consider synthetic spectra using both photospheric and coronal abundances in these calculations. We verify the methods for the estimation of temperatures and densities for the erupting plasmas. Then, we estimate the thermal, kinetic, radiative loss, thermal conduction, and heating energies of the erupting prominence and loops. We find that the heating of the erupting prominence and loop occurs strongly at early times in the eruption. This event shows a writhing motion of the erupting prominence, which may indicate a hot flux rope heated by thermal energy release during magnetic reconnection.
Development of a Novel Logging Tool for 450°C Geothermal Wells
Authors: Vedum Jon , Røed Morten H. , Kolberg Sigbjørn , Hjelstuen Magnus , Liverud Anders E. , Stamnes Øyvind N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Exploitation of super-critical water from deep geothermal resources can potentially give a 5–10 fold increase in the power output per well. Such an improvement represents a significant reduction in investment costs for deep geothermal energy projects, thus improving their competitiveness. The ongoing European Horizon2020 DESCRAMBLE (Drilling in dEep, Super-CRitical AMBients of continental Europe) project will demonstrate the drilling of a deep geothermal well with super-critical conditions (&gt;374°C, &gt;220 bar) by extending an existing well to a depth of around 3.5km. The drilling operation is depending on verification of the bottom hole pressure and temperature where state-of-the-art electronic logging tools cannot operate reliably. SINTEF has developed a novel pressure and temperature logging tool for this extreme environment. The target specification for the tool is 8 hours logging of temperature and pressure at 450°C and 450 bar.
In this work, we describe the tool requirements and discuss the design choices made with emphasis on the electronics platform and limitations imposed by the available battery technology, as well as the casing and heat shielding. Test results of the tool are presented, including test data from a field-test in a 250°C geothermal well in Larderello, Italy.
A High Temperature 4H-SiC Voltage Reference for Depletion Mode GaN-Based Circuits
Authors: Zhang ZiHao , Salem Jebreel M. , Ha Dong Sam 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
High temperature electronics are highly demanded for many applications such as automotive, space, and oil and gas exploration. Electronic circuits for those applications are required to operate reliably without using bulky cooling systems. Circuits based on silicon (Si) suffer from high leakage currents at high temperatures. Silicon Carbide (SiC) circuits, on the other hand, are suitable for high temperature applications due to the wide bandgap and offer high breakdown voltage and low leakage current.
This paper presents a negative voltage reference for high temperature applications using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) 4H-SiC transistors. The proposed voltage reference adopts Widlar bandgap reference topology, and it aims to provide a negative reference voltage for Gallium Nitride (GaN) circuits operating at high temperatures. Measurement results indicate that the proposed circuit provides a negative reference voltage with a low temperature coefficient of 42 ppm/°C for temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 250 °C. The proposed circuit also operates reliably for a wide supply voltage range of −7.5 V to −15 V for the temperature range.
Evaluation of High Temperature Joining Technologies for Semiconductor Die Attach
Authors: Qi Siyuan , Powley Chris , Mirgkizoudi Maria , Pliscott Adele , Collier Peter 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The development of novel high temperature die attach methods for semiconductor packaging enables use in harsh environments and unique opportunities for demanding industrial applications such as controls and monitoring for next generation engine and airframe platforms. Traditional die attach materials including lead solders and conductive adhesives cannot meet requirements of operation temperatures up to and exceeding 300°C due to their limited melting and glass transition temperatures [1]. The Manufacturing Technology Centre Ltd (MTC) has evaluated a range of high temperature die attach materials and processes for silicon and silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors. Assembly processes were explored for bonding components with and without a back metallisation and with capability to support electrical back contact if required. Die attach methods evaluated include:Sinterable silver materials for back metallised semiconductor componentsSilver glass for non-back metallised semiconductor componentsGold-silicon near eutectic preforms for non-back metallised semiconductor components
Two types of substrates were selected including high temperature co-fired ceramic (HTCC) packages and gold or silver plated Kovar substrates. Test assemblies were subjected to accelerated life tests consisting of thermal ageing at 400°C and thermal cycling of −40°C to 200°C. These tests enabled the evaluation of the die attach materials after accelerated conditions of use.
Reliability performance of the die attach materials was assessed using visual and X-ray inspection, mechanical shear testing and microstructure analysis. For sinterable silver materials, the test assemblies constructed using HTCC packages showed no significant reduction in shear strength after 1,008 hours ageing at 400°C. However shear strengths of the test assemblies constructed using Kovar substrates reduced by 95% of the initial values after ageing at 400°C for 336 hours. All test assemblies showed no significant reduction in adhesion after thermal cycling of −40°C to 200°C for 1,000 cycles. In addition, no apparent differences in shear strengths could be detected for sintered silver interconnections for gold and silver metallised semiconductor components.
Gold-silicon bonding as performed using a near eutectic preform had limited performance as aged at 400°C. Silver glass test assemblies constructed using HTCC packages showed a 50% reduction in shear strength compared to the initial values after thermal ageing at 400°C for 1,000 hours. A similar reduction in adhesion was presented after thermal cycling of −40°C to 200°C for 1,000 cycles.
Effect of isothermal aging at 250 °C on shear strength of joints using Sn-Coated Cu particle paste for high-temperature application
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroshi , Liu Xiangdong , He Siliang 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
High-temperature joining is a key technology for electronic component assembly and other high-temperature applications. As a die attach process for power devices, we focus on a transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding, which can be operated at a low temperatures while resulting in higher re-melting temperatures of bonded joints. However, some drawbacks of this technology still remain. For example, the duration of this process is too long, up to a few hours, and multiple hours of annealing are required to achieve a thermodynamically stable joint. So we are studying on a TLP bonding using Sn-coated Cu particles to reduce the bonding process time. In this study, we evaluated the effect of isothermal aging at 250 °C on the shear strength of Cu/Cu joints using a Sn-coated Cu particle paste. As a result, a thermally stable joint fully comprising Cu3Sn phase with a dispersion of Cu particles could be obtained after sintering for 30 s at 300 °C under a formic acid atmosphere. The shear strength of the joint before isothermal aging was about 25 MPa and the shear strength after isothermal aging at 250 °C for 1000 h was more than 25 MPa.
Evaluation of Thermal Resistance Degradation of SiC Power Module Corresponding to Thermal Cycle Test
Authors: Kato Fumiki , Takahashi Hiroki , Tanisawa Hidekazu , Koui Kenichi , Sato Shinji , Murakami Yoshinori , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Sato Hiroshi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that thermal degradation of silicon carbide (SiC) power modules corresponding to thermal cycles can be detected and tracked non-destructively by transient thermal analysis. The purpose of this evaluation is to analyze the distribution of the thermal resistance in the power module and to identify the structure deterioration part. As a target for evaluation power modules using a SiC-MOSFET for high-temperature operation were assembled with Zn-5Al eutectic solder. The junction to case thermal resistance was successfully evaluated as 0.85 K/W by using transient thermal analysis, and the thermal resistance of the Zn-5Al die-attachment was also evaluated as 0.13 K/W. A series of thermal cycle test between −40 and 250°C was conducted, and the power modules were evaluated their thermal resistance taken out from thermal cycle test machine at 100, 200, 500 and 1000 cycles. We identified the increase of thermal resistance each thermal cycle in specific modules. It was successfully shown that thermal resistance deterioration of SiC power module corresponding to thermal cycles can be traced non-destructively by this transient thermal analysis method.
Comparison of a Current Mode Reference Generator vs.a ΔVBE Bandgap Circuit in a 1.0μm Partially-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator CMOS Process for High Temperature (220 °C) Environments
Authors: Pike Alex , Corne Adrien , Bohac Frank , Ananth Ravi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Two different reference generator circuits were designed, fabricated and tested, on the same silicon die using a 1.0μ CMOS SOI process that is suitable for operation at high temperatures. One of the reference generators was a traditional bandgap circuit. The other was a more novel current-mode reference that can notionally generate any output voltage. Testing was performed over a wide temperature range from −50°C to 220°C with a supply variation of 4V to 6V.