bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microencapsulation of astaxanthin in alginate using modified emulsion technology: Preparation, characterization, and cytostatic activity
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Yin Wenjuan , Qi Yankai , Li Xiangcun , Zhang Wenjun , He Gaohong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the present study, astaxanthin was microencapsulated in a biodegradable material, calcium alginate, using a modified emulsion technology developed at our laboratory. The modified emulsion method involves the reaction between a sodium alginate emulsion and a calcium chloride emulsion. After mixing these emulsions, Ca2+ penetrates two oil‐water layers to combine −COO‐, and microparticles are formed with narrow size distribution and good dispersion due to the mild reaction speed. The microencapsulated astaxanthin showed much higher storage stability and antioxidant activity than the non‐encapsulated astaxanthin. Cytostatic activity was preliminarily evaluated on adipose‐derived stem cells, the microencapsulated astaxanthin showed significant cytostatic activity due to the improved solubility of astaxanthin caused by the good biocompatibility of calcium alginate. Characterization confirmed the existence of microparticles with high encapsulation efficiency (more than 85 %), uniform size distribution (1.61 µm), and sustained astaxanthin release, suggesting the prepared microparticles by the modified emulsion method have great potential in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
Increasing Thyromimetic Potency through Halogen Substitution
Authors: Devereaux Jordan , Ferrara Skylar J. , Banerji Tania , Placzek Andrew T. , Scanlan Thomas S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSobetirome is one of the most studied thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ)‐selective thyromimetics in the field due to its excellent selectivity and potency. A small structural change—replacing the 3,5‐dimethyl groups of sobetirome with either chlorine or bromine—produces significantly more potent compounds, both in vitro and in vivo. These halogenated compounds induce transactivation of a TRβ‐mediated cell‐based reporter with an EC50 value comparable to that of T3, access the central nervous system (CNS) at levels similar to their parent, and activate an endogenous TR‐regulated gene in the brain with an EC50 value roughly five‐fold lower than that of sobetirome. Previous studies suggest that this apparent increase in affinity can be explained by halogen bonding between the ligand and a backbone carbonyl group in the receptor. This makes the new analogues potential candidates for treating CNS disorders that may respond favorably to thyroid‐hormone‐stimulated pathways.
Organofluorine Isoselenocyanate Analogues of Sulforaphane: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Cierpiał Tomasz , Łuczak Jerzy , Kwiatkowska Małgorzata , Kiełbasiński Piotr , Mielczarek Lidia , Wiktorska Katarzyna , Chilmonczyk Zdzisław , Milczarek Małgorzata , Karwowska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA series of previously unknown sulforaphane analogues with organofluorine substituents bonded to the sulfinyl sulfur atom, an isoselenocyanate moiety in place of the isothiocyanate group, the central sulfur atom in various oxidation states, and different numbers of methylene groups in the central alkyl chain were synthesized and fully characterized. All new compounds were tested for their biological properties in vitro and demonstrated much higher anticancer activity against two breast cancer cell lines than that shown by native sulforaphane; at the same time, the compounds were less toxic for normal cells. The influence of the particular structural changes in the molecules on the cytotoxicity is discussed.
Effects of age and ambient illuminance on visual comfort for reading on a mobile device
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Pou , Ou Li‐Chen , Yuan Yinqiu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA psychophysical experiment was carried out to investigate visual comfort for reading on an iPad under various illuminance levels, ranging from 50 lx to 1200 lx, in order to see whether and how the following variables can influence the visual comfort: observer's age, gender, the illuminance of ambient lighting, and the background colour in a document layout. A panel of 21 young and 22 older Taiwanese observers participated in the study. The paired comparison method was used for data collection and analysis. The experimental results show that for all lighting conditions, young observers tended to prefer reading documents that had a moderate CIELAB lightness difference between text and background, while older observers tended to prefer reading those with an extremely large lightness difference. The results also show that female observers tended to feel less comfortable than male observers when reading documents with an extremely large lightness difference. These findings were found not to be affected by the ambient illuminance. Regarding the influence of document background colour on visual comfort, the observers tended to feel more comfortable reading documents that had a gray background than reading those with a background colour of either white or black. It was also found that the visual comfort was slightly higher for positive polarity than for negative polarity, but the difference between the two settings was insignificant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 352–361, 2017
Variable message encryption through blockcipher compression function
Authors: Chen Jiageng , Mazumder Rashed , Miyaji Atsuko , Su Chunhua 
Published: October 2016

SummaryA constrained device is an emerging technology that has enormous applications in our daily life such as access control, inventory control, luggage tracking, bar‐code reader, and IoT. However, it has certain drawbacks of low memory and less computing power. Thus, one of the cracking challenges is to provide efficient and secure cryptographic solution for the constrained device in the aspect of security issue. An (n,n) blockcipher‐based cryptographic compression function is applicable to provide provable security to the constrained device. Though, there are many constructions of (n,n) blockcipher such as MDC‐2, MDC‐4, MJH, Bart‐12, and SKS‐15. However, most of the familiar schemes are not suitable for short and variable message encryption without padding because of their internal structures. Furthermore, the security margin is provided based on blocklength rather than the flexible size of message. In this paper, we present two different (n,n) blockcipher compression function schemes. The first scheme (FS) satisfies better efficiency such as less call of blockcipher, less key scheduling, and higher efficiency rate. On the contrary, the second scheme (SS) has upper security bound. Moreover, both of the schemes are suitable for small and variable message encryption (message size =  tn|t < 1,n:blocklength), which is handy for the constrained device. The collision and preimage security bound of the FS are O(2tn/2) and O(2tn). In addition, the SS's collision resistance and preimage resistance are bounded by O(2tn) and O(22tn). Moreover, the efficiency rate of the proposed two schemes are respectively t and t/3. The numbers of key scheduling are 2 for the constructions of FS and SS. We use two calls of blockcipher in the FS. On the contrary, three calls of blockcipher are used in the SS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Thermophysical Properties of Ether‐Functionalized Sulfonium Ionic Liquids as Potential Electrolytes for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Coadou Erwan , Goodrich Peter , Neale Alex R. , Timperman Laure , Hardacre Christopher , Jacquemin Johan , Anouti Mérièm 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDuring this work, a novel series of hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) based on five ether functionalized sulfonium cations bearing the bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide, [NTf2]− anion were synthesized and characterized. Their physicochemical properties, such as density, viscosity and ionic conductivity, electrochemical window, along with thermal properties including phase transition behavior and decomposition temperature, have been measured. All of these ILs showed large liquid range temperature, low viscosity, and good conductivity. Additionally, by combining DFT calculations along with electrochemical characterization it appears that these novel ILs show good electrochemical stability windows, suitable for the potential application as electrolyte materials in electrochemical energy storage devices.
SERS Enhancement on the Basis of Temperature‐Dependent Chemisorption: Microcalorimetric Evidence
Authors: Roy Chandra Nath , Ghosh Debasmita , Mondal Somrita , Kundu Somashree , Maiti Susmita , Saha Abhijit 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe mechanism of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is not very clear in view of the magnitude of the contribution of electromagnetic factor as well as the chemical mechanism. This report presents the extent of adsorption at different temperatures in terms of signal enhancements in SERS employing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of various shapes as substrate and dye molecules, crystal violet or Rhodamine 6G, as model Raman probes. Initially, the SERS signal increases with increasing temperature until a maximum intensity is reached, before it gradually decreases with increasing temperature. This trend is independent of the shape of the Raman substrates and probes. However, the temperature at which maximum intensity is obtained may depend upon the nature of the Raman probe. The energetics involved in the chemisorption process between dye molecules and AgNPs were determined through isothermal titration calorimetry and their implications for the observed SERS signals were assessed. The maximum heat change occurred at the temperature at which the maximum signal enhancement in SERS was obtained and the enhanced interaction at optimum temperature was confirmed by absorption spectroscopy.
Theoretical Investigation and Design of Highly Efficient Blue Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Fluorinated Aromatic Sulfonyl Groups
Authors: Zhang Wenting , Luo Yafei , Xu Yanyan , Li Wenqian , Shen Wei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAromatic sulfonyl groups have attracted increasing interest due to their unique electronic features. In this article, a series of IrIII complexes bearing fluorinated phenylsulfonyl groups were evaluated by density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory methods. To explore their phosphorescence efficiencies, factors that determine the radiative decay rate constant, kr, and the nonradiative decay rate constant, knr, were computed. As demonstrated by the results, complex 4, which has fluorinated phenylsulfonyl groups at the 5‐positions of the phenyl rings for all three C^N ligands, was found to have the highest phosphorescence efficiencies with the largest kr and smallest knr values among these complexes. Moreover, it was found to exhibit significantly blueshifted behavior relative to complex 1 and emits in the blue region, and thus, it can serve as a highly efficient blue emitter for application in organic light‐emitting diodes. These findings successfully illustrated the structure–properties relationship and provided valuable information for the development of future highly efficient blue‐emitting phosphors.
On the Versatility of BH2X (X=F, Cl, Br, and I) Compounds as Halogen‐, Hydrogen‐, and Triel‐Bond Donors: An Ab Initio Study
Authors: Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Antonio Frontera (Universitat de les Illes Balears). The image shows the versatility of boron halides in establishing σ‐ and π‐hole interactions. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201600683.
Covalent and Non‐Covalent DNA–Gold‐Nanoparticle Interactions: New Avenues of Research
Authors: Carnerero Jose M. , Jimenez‐Ruiz Aila , Castillo Paula M. , Prado‐Gotor Rafael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe interactions of DNA, whether long, hundred base pair chains or short‐chained oligonucleotides, with ligands play a key role in the field of structural biology. Its biological activity not only depends on the thermodynamic properties of DNA–ligand complexes, but can and often is conditioned by the formation kinetics of those complexes. On the other hand, gold nanoparticles have long been known to present excellent biocompatibility with biomolecules and are themselves remarkable for their structural, electronic, magnetic, optical and catalytic properties, radically different from those of their counterpart bulk materials, and which make them an important asset in multiple applications. Therefore, thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the interactions of DNA with nanoparticles acting as small ligands are key for a better understanding of those interactions to allow for their control and modulation and for the opening of new venues of research in nanomedicine, analytic and biologic fields. The interactions of gold nanoparticles with both DNA polymers and their smaller subunits; special focus is placed on those interactions taking place with nonfunctionalized gold nanoparticles are reviewed in the present work.
Molecular Diagnosis of Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: Chakraborty Sujata , Vatta Matteo , Bachinski Linda L. , Krahe Ralf , Dlouhy Stephen , Bai Shaochun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy types 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2) are autosomal dominant, microsatellite repeat expansion disorders that affect muscle function. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is caused by CTG repeat expansion in the 3′ UTR region of the DMPK gene. Patients with DM2 have expansion of CCTG repeats in intron 1 of the CNBP gene. In this unit, we review and discuss the clinical phenotypes, genetic mutations causing the diseases, and the molecular diagnostic approaches and tools that are used to determine repeat sizes in DM1/2. In summary, the goal of this chapter is to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the clinical, genetic and diagnostic aspects of these disorders. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Light‐Induced Cell‐Sheet Harvest on TiO2 Films Sensitized with Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Wang Xiaozhao , Cheng Kui , Weng Wenjian , Wang Huiming , Lin Jun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the interdisciplinary research group of Prof. Kui Cheng from Zhejiang University, China. The cover picture shows a schematic figure of carbon quantum dots incorporated as a sensitizer into TiO2 films to regulate the light‐induced cell‐detachment performance. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201600202.
Synthesis of Terephthalic Acid by p‐Cymene Oxidation using Oxygen: Toward a More Sustainable Production of Bio‐Polyethylene Terephthalate
Authors: Neaţu Florentina , Culică Geanina , Florea Mihaela , Parvulescu Vasile I. , Cavani Fabrizio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of terephthalic acid from biomass remains an unsolved challenge. In this study, we conducted the selective oxidation of p‐cymene (synthesized from biodegradable terpenes, limonene, or eucalyptol) into terephthalic acid over a Mn–Fe mixed‐oxide heterogeneous catalyst. The impact of various process parameters (oxidant, temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount, oxygen pressure) on the selectivity to terephthalic acid was evaluated, and some mechanistic aspects were elucidated. An unprecedented synthesis of biobased terephthalic acid (51 % yield) in the presence of O2 is reported.
Management of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix with human papilloma virus infection among young women aged less than 25 years
Authors: Ryu Ki‐Jin , Lee Sanghoon , Min Kyung‐Jin , Hong Jin Hwa , Song Jae Yun , Lee Jae Kwan , Lee Nak Woo 
Published: October 2016

Current ASCCP guidelines recommend repeat cytology 12 months after HPV‐positive results in women aged 21–24 years with either atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or a low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). The purpose of this study was to validate an algorithm in such women with ASCUS or LSIL.A multicenter cross‐sectional study was carried out at three academic hospitals involving 40,847 Korean women who underwent cervical cancer screening with cytology and HPV testing with or without subsequent colposcopic biopsies between January 2007 and December 2013.Among a total of 3,193 women with available histopathology data, 762 women with ASCUS and 758 with LSIL were HPV‐positive. Among HPV‐positive women with ASCUS, 38.5% of women aged 21–24 years had ≥CIN2, compared to 20.8% of women aged 30–65 years and 21.1% of the total women. Among HPV‐positive women with LSIL, 25.8% aged 21–24 years had ≥CIN2, compared to 21.2% of women aged 30–65 years and 21.9% of the total women. In HPV‐positive women with ASCUS/LSIL aged less than 25 years, the prevalence of ≥CIN2 lesions was 34.5%, which was significantly higher than that (21.0%) in women aged ≥25 years.The risk of ≥CIN2 lesions in HPV‐positive Korean women aged 21–24 years with ASCUS or LSIL was not lower than that in older women. Colposcopic examination should be considered for management of HPV‐positive young women with ASCUS or LSIL. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:959–963. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A hyperspectral image can predict tropical tree growth rates in single‐species stands
Authors: Caughlin T. Trevor , Graves Sarah J. , Asner Gregory P. , van Breugel Michiel , Hall Jefferson S. , Martin Roberta E. , Ashton Mark S. , Bohlman Stephanie A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRemote sensing is increasingly needed to meet the critical demand for estimates of forest structure and composition at landscape to continental scales. Hyperspectral images can detect tree canopy properties, including species identity, leaf chemistry and disease. Tree growth rates are related to these measurable canopy properties but whether growth can be directly predicted from hyperspectral data remains unknown. We used a single hyperspectral image and light detection and ranging‐derived elevation to predict growth rates for 20 tropical tree species planted in experimental plots. We asked whether a consistent relationship between spectral data and growth rates exists across all species and which spectral regions, associated with different canopy chemical and structural properties, are important for predicting growth rates. We found that a linear combination of narrowband indices and elevation is correlated with standardized growth rates across all 20 tree species (R2 = 53.70%). Although wavelengths from the entire visible‐to‐shortwave infrared spectrum were involved in our analysis, results point to relatively greater importance of visible and near‐infrared regions for relating canopy reflectance to tree growth data. Overall, we demonstrate the potential for hyperspectral data to quantify tree demography over a much larger area than possible with field‐based methods in forest inventory plots.
Cryptic diversity and multiple origins of the widespread mayfly species groupBaetis rhodani(Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) on northwestern Mediterranean islands
Authors: Bisconti Roberta , Canestrelli Daniele , Tenchini Roberta , Belfiore Carlo , Buffagni Andrea , Nascetti Giuseppe 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHow the often highly endemic biodiversity of islands originated has been debated for decades, and it remains a fervid research ground. Here, using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequence analyses, we investigate the diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary history of the mayflyBaetis gr. rhodanion the three largest northwestern Mediterranean islands (Sardinia, Corsica, Elba). We identify three distinct, largely co‐distributed, and deeply differentiated lineages, with divergences tentatively dated back to the Eocene–Oligocene transition. Bayesian population structure analyses reveal a lack of gene exchange between them, even at sites where they are syntopic, indicating that these lineages belong to three putative species. Their phylogenetic relationships with continental relatives, together with the dating estimates, support a role for three processes contributing to this diversity: (1) vicariance, primed by microplate disjunction and oceanic transgression; (2) dispersal from the continent; and (3) speciation within the island group. Thus, our results do not point toward a prevailing role for any of the previously invoked processes. Rather, they suggest that a variety of processes equally contributed to shape the diverse and endemic biota of this group of islands.
Flies evolved small bodies and cells at high or fluctuating temperatures
Authors: Adrian Gregory J. , Czarnoleski Marcin , Angilletta Michael J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecent theory predicts that the sizes of cells will evolve according to fluctuations in body temperature. Smaller cells speed metabolism during periods of warming but require more energy to maintain and repair. To evaluate this theory, we studied the evolution of cell size in populations of Drosophila melanogaster held at either a constant temperature (16°C or 25°C) or fluctuating temperatures (16 and 25°C). Populations that evolved at fluctuating temperatures or a constant 25°C developed smaller thoraxes, wings, and cells than did flies exposed to a constant 16°C. The cells of flies from fluctuating environments were intermediate in size to those of flies from constant environments. Most genetic variation in cell size was independent of variation in wing size, suggesting that cell size was a target of selection. These evolutionary patterns accord with patterns of developmental plasticity documented previously. Future studies should focus on the mechanisms that underlie the selective advantage of small cells at high or fluctuating temperatures.
Critical loads and exceedances for nitrogen and sulfur atmospheric deposition in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, United States
Authors: Fakhraei Habibollah , Driscoll Charles T. , Renfro James R. , Kulp Matt A. , Blett Tamara F. , Brewer Patricia F. , Schwartz John S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAcid deposition has impacted sensitive streams, reducing the amount of habitat available for fish survival in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) and portions of the surrounding Southern Appalachian Mountains by decreasing pH and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and mobilizing aluminum dissolved from soil. Land managers need to understand whether streams can recover from the elevated acid deposition and sustain the healthy aquatic biota, and if so, how long it would take to achieve this condition. We used a dynamic biogeochemical model, PnET‐BGC, to evaluate past, current, and potential future changes in soil and water chemistry of watersheds of the GRSM in response to the projected changes in acid deposition. The model was parameterized with soil, vegetation, and stream observations for 30 stream watersheds in the GRSM. Using model results, the level of atmospheric deposition (known as a “critical load”) above which harmful ecosystem effects (defined here as modeled stream ANC below a defined target) occur was determined for the 30 study watersheds. In spite of the recent marked decreases in atmospheric sulfur and nitrate deposition, our results suggest that stream recovery has been limited and delayed due to the high sulfate adsorption capacity of soils in the park resulting in a long lag time for recovery of soil chemistry to occur. Model simulations suggest that over the long term, increases in modeled stream ANC per unit decrease in NH4+ deposition are greater than unit decreases in SO42− or NO3− deposition, due to high SO42− adsorption capacity and the limited N retention of the watersheds. Watershed simulations were used to extrapolate the critical load results to 387 monitored stream sites throughout the park and depict the spatial pattern of atmospheric deposition exceedances. These types of model simulations inform park managers on the amount of air quality improvement needed to meet the stream restoration goals.