bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental Issues in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Spollett Geralyn , Crape Charles A. 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Individuals with diabetes are two to three times more likely than those without the disease to develop dental problems, such as caries, periodontal and oral mucosal diseases, and tooth loss. Dental problems can affect glycemic control and may lead to the vascular complications associated with diabetes. Those with periodontal disease and diabetes may have worse diabetes control and be at greater risk for developing cardiorenal complications. Epidemiological studies have found a high degree of association between periodontal disease and diabetes, with this relationship being bidirectional. Poorly controlled diabetes can complicate routine dental visits, as well as oral surgery and dental implant procedures. Maintaining recommended blood glucose levels and following guidelines for good oral hygiene, including regular checkups, are key factors in reducing the incidence of dental problems.
Dermatological Changes Associated with Diabetes
Authors: Spollett Geralyn 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Just as diabetes interferes with the physiology of the microvasculature of the eye and kidney, it similarly affects the small vessels of the skin, which may lead to skin changes. Although there are theories concerning the pathophysiology of certain cutaneous disorders associated with diabetes, many causes are unknown. In a clinical analysis of 750 patients with diabetes, a skin disorder was present in 594 patients, with the most common being cutaneous infection (47.5%), xerosis (26.4%), and inflammatory skin diseases (20.7%).
Dyslipidemia and other metabolic changes associated with diabetes also can create dermatological changes. Autoimmune skin diseases such as vitiligo can occur in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). In rare cases, medications that are used to treat diabetes can cause adverse skin reactions. In general, how the disruption of normal insulin and glucose metabolism affects the skin is not completely understood.
Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Spollett Geralyn , Childs Belinda P. 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Diabetic neuropathy is a chronic complication that is among the most costly and disabling of all the complications of diabetes. It affects both the peripheral nervous system (sensory and motor) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It affects at least 50% of all people with diabetes, yet it is poorly understood. It can have a range of presentations; for example, it may present with obvious symptoms ≥5 years after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), as the initial symptom of previously undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), or it may be unrecognized and discovered only by careful diagnostic testing. Emerging evidence indicates that neuropathy can be present years before any alteration in glucose levels, at the early stages of diabetes pathogenesis. Symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) often start with numbness and paresthesia in the toes and feet and can progress to the fingers and hands. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy affects innervation to all of the organs of the body and can cause dysfunction in any body part.
Evaluation and Management of the Diabetic Foot
Authors: Liu George T. , Garwood Caitlin S. , Steinberg John S. 
Published: October 2024

Preview
The crude prevalence of diabetes worldwide is on the rise. There are 26 million people living with diabetes in the U.S. and 382 million throughout the world. It is estimated that by 2035, 417 million people will be living with diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death in the world, along with ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and HIV/AIDS. In 2012, the economic impact of diabetes was estimated at US$471 billion.
Heart disease, blindness, retinopathy, renal disease, neuropathy, and lower-limb amputation are several complications that can significantly challenge the course and outcomes of a patient with diabetes. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy leads to diabetic foot ulceration (DFU), which has been shown to increase morbidity and mortality. Reports have estimated that 15–25% of patients with diabetes will develop a diabetic foot ulcer in their lifetime. Foot complications or ulceration is the leading cause of hospitalization in this population. The initial presence of a foot ulcer not only has been recognized as a local comorbid manifestation of diabetes but also as a marker of the diabetic disease state and the overall health of a patient. Patients who develop a DFU are at a higher lifetime risk of death, lower-extremity amputation, and contralateral lower-extremity amputation and also have a 50–70% reulceration rate. Diabetes is the leading cause of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation. A 2014 study found the cumulative incidence among 644 people with diabetes to be 26.6% for DFU, 5.8% for lower-extremity amputation, and 14.0% for death. They also found that DFU has an independent impact of lower-extremity amputation and mortality.
Diabetes Education and Ongoing Support in the Management of Diabetes
Authors: Funnell Martha M. , Mensing Carolé R. 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Diabetes self-management education (DSME) and diabetes self-management support (DSMS), have long been considered cornerstones of diabetes care. Because ∼98% of the glycemic outcomes in diabetes are patient-related, and the vast majority of the care is provided by the person with diabetes and his or her family members, effective care requires a partnership between an actively engaged patient and the health-care team. Education and ongoing support are critical for the patient to fully participate in shared decision-making and to make informed self-management decisions on a daily basis.
Most nurses think of diabetes education and ongoing support as a comprehensive program offered in an outpatient setting or by an inpatient diabetes nurse educator. In fact, each encounter with a person who has diabetes is an opportunity for education, and every nurse shares the responsibility for that education. Even when time is limited, nurses can both create and use “teachable moments” to provide and reinforce needed information. For example, giving insulin to a hospitalized patient is an excellent time to assess and review insulin injection technique, treatment of hypoglycemia, and the need to wear or carry diabetes identification and glucose tablets. Bathing a hospitalized, residential, or home care patient or performing a foot examination during an outpatient visit provides the opportunity to assess foot care self-management practices by asking, “What do you do to care for your feet at home?” and offering personalized foot care instruction based on the physical findings and the patient’s response. In a care management or nurse practitioner encounter, patients can be asked about financial concerns and offered information about programs to reduce costs or help pay for medications and other supplies. In every setting, nurses not only provide information, and demonstrate skills, but also help patients to develop strategies and overcome obstacles to effectively use that information to cope with and manage diabetes on a daily basis.
Behavioral Strategies for Improving Self-Management
Authors: Weinger Katie , MacNeil Tara , McMurrich Greenlaw Sheila 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Health education involves more than just providing information. Diabetes education is a perfect example. The goal of diabetes education is to help individuals with diabetes live well, thus maximizing health and quality of life while minimizing costs. This goal is met by assisting those with diabetes as they integrate diabetes care into their lifestyles and, when necessary, adapt their lifestyles to healthy living guidelines and treatment requirements.
Accordingly, diabetes care and education are built on behavior and lifestyle adjustments—that is, helping to reinforce some behaviors and to change others. Because learning new healthy habits can be slow and frustrating, nurses caring for individuals with diabetes face the important challenge of effectively supporting patients in their efforts to manage their diabetes. This chapter discusses several aspects of behavioral approaches in the treatment of diabetes, including general principles that apply to most interventions and strategies, useful tools and strategies for diabetes and education, four phases of psychological responses to living with diabetes, and examples of validated behavioral programs.
Cultural Context of Diabetes Prevention and Self-Management Education
Authors: Lew Kelley Newlin , Melkus Gail D’Eramo 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Diabetes has emerged as a national epidemic with ethnic minority populations disproportionately burdened by the disease and many of its complications. Currently, 15.9% of Native Americans/Alaskan Natives, 14.7% of Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders, 13.2% of non-Hispanic blacks, 12.8% of Hispanics, and 9.0% of Asian Americans have diabetes relative to only 7.6% of non-Hispanic whites. Additionally, ethnic minority populations remain unequally affected by numerous diabetes-related complications:
Complementary and Alternative Approaches*
Authors: Guthrie Diana W. , Shane-McWhorter Laura 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has existed throughout time. Practitioners and patients have used CAM to treat diabetes for thousands of years. An early Greek treatise, which described diabetes as a “melting down” into the urine, stated that diabetes was treated with fasting, specific food choices, water restriction, or herbs.
People have tried numerous remedies or treatments for various ailments, some with success and some without benefit. CAM therapy, as it is commonly known, and in combination with mainstream medicine, has increased in popularity for a variety of reasons, but a major reason is that consumers believe in the benefits derived from these therapies and in the emerging evidence that the perceived well-being is meaningful. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) is officially devoted to the study of CAM treatments. NCCAM is an agency in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services dedicated to helping define the usefulness and safety of complementary therapies through rigorous scientific research.
Living with Diabetes
Authors: Rhiley Diafa , Hood Korey K. 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Living with diabetes is a daily challenge. The nature of the regimen— frequent blood glucose monitoring, meal planning, exercising, and scheduling medication—creates the need for constant vigilance on the part of the person with diabetes. Clinicians and scientists emphasize the importance of these efforts so that people with diabetes can experience optimal health and quality of life. These efforts are not without cost, as patients often express a sense of loss of freedom or spontaneity and the feeling that diabetes management is taking over their lives. Diabetes may affect relationships, limit social interactions, and produce psychological distress. It is important to be aware of the complex and demanding nature of chronic treatment and care that people with diabetes face.
Diabetes Technologies
Authors: Tomky Donna 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Technology offers many solutions to improve diabetes care in delivering more precise dosing of insulin and measuring glucose. Nurses are challenged to keep up with the latest technological advances available to individuals with diabetes. This chapter addresses what nurses need to know for safe and effective care of patients with diabetes wearing currently available continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. Few health-care providers (HCP) will have practical knowledge of the operation of all the devices available in the rapidly changing field of diabetes technologies. HCPs will need to rely on the individual with diabetes, their caregivers, and diabetes technology experts and the manufactures for up-to-date operational information for each device.
Insulin pumps have been in use for &gt;35 years for insulin replacement therapy. Estimated use in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is near 20–30% and &lt;1% in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D). According to Tucker, “When used correctly, insulin pumps can provide more convenient insulin delivery for patients and may improve blood glucose control.” CGM systems have been in use just over 10 years. CGM devices are designed to augment self–blood glucose monitoring for individuals with diabetes. CGM devices measure interstitial glucose. Nurses need to understand basic information about these devices to safely and effectively care for patients in all health-care settings.
Women and Diabetes
Authors: Homko Carol J. 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Diabetes is a serious chronic illness that affects ∼29 million people in the U.S. Although men and women are equally affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D), the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is higher in women than in men. More women die each year from diabetes and its complications than from breast cancer, making diabetes a significant “women’s health issue.” Women with diabetes face special health challenges throughout their lives. This chapter examines the available data concerning the impact of diabetes on women, beginning with the implications for childbearing and ending with its effects in later life on the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis.
Children with Diabetes
Authors: Schreiner Barbara , Ponder Stephen W. 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Having diabetes during childhood and adolescence poses distinct challenges and requires unique solutions. Although the child with diabetes will typically have type 1 diabetes (T1D), increasing numbers of children and teens are developing type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Children with T1D typically present with the classic symptoms of diabetes: polyuria, polydipsia, ketonuria, and weight loss. In the very young child, early symptoms of diabetes, such as lethargy, irritability, and dehydration, are often mistaken for flu or gastroenteritis. The child with T2D classically will have a BMI in the ≥85th percentile and have a strong family history of diabetes, display features of insulin resistance, or belong to a high-risk population (e.g., Latino, African American, Native American, or Pacific Islander). Overweight children should be screened for prediabetes and T2D using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting plasma test (FPT), or A1C every 3 years if they meet these criteria.
Diabetes Care in Assisted Living and Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Childs Belinda P. , Burke Sandra Drozdz 
Published: October 2024

Preview
The aging of the baby boomer generation has led to what is being called a “silver tsunami.” As of 2014, there were nearly 46 million older adults in the U.S., and 10,000 members of the baby boom generation will turn 65 every day until 2030. By 2040, the number of older adults will surpass 80 million and constitute about 22% of the U.S. population.1 The vast majority of older adults live independently, but about 1.5 million reside in long-term care settings such as nursing homes. As much as 10% of those ≥85 years old live in institutional settings. Twenty-six percent of the population &gt;65 years old has diabetes. Considering the aging of the population, the increased life expectancy, and the increase in diabetes prevalence, nurses will be asked to provide diabetes care and education in the home as well as in assisted and long-term care facilities. The nurse’s role as advocate, care provider, and educator of staff, patient, and family will be pivotal.
Diabetes and Cancer
Authors: Cypress Marjorie 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Besides the well-known complications of diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, certain cancers have been associated with diabetes. Over recent years, numerous epidemiological studies have noted the increased risk of cancer among those with diabetes, and even prediabetes. Although much of the literature is recent, Elliot Joslin recognized the need to study this association citing earlier work (1910) that had linked the two diseases. Evidence of an association between diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), and certain cancers, specifically liver, pancreatic, kidney, endometrial, colorectal, bladder, breast, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, seems to be unequivocal, with relative risk ranging for developing cancer from 1.12 to 2.50. The association is not totally understood, but it may result from shared risk factors between T2D and cancer and also may be due to diabetes-related factors, such as underlying disease physiology or diabetes treatments, although evidence for these links is scarce. The modifiable risk factors for diabetes in many instances mimic some of the risk factors for certain cancers, such as obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy nutrition, smoking, and alcohol. Some patients can develop diabetes as a result of the type of cancer treatment. The challenges faced by patients with both diseases are compounded, and nurses have an opportunity to provide medical and lifestyle counseling and emotional support. The preventive strategies that nurses and other health-care professionals recommend for diabetes, also can be used in cancer prevention. This chapter will discuss some of the recent information on diabetes and cancer risk along with nursing implications.
Penerapan Media Poster Digital Berbasis Project Based Learning Terintegrasi Tri-N Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila
Authors: Firdausia Luftia , Wibawa Sutrisna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research aims to determine the application of digital poster media based on the Tri-N integrated Project Based Learning model on students' active learning in Pancasila Education subjects in 4th of Karangnongko 1 State Elementary School. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this research were 4th students. Data collection techniques in this research were carried out using interviews, observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used in this research are data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The importance of implementing the Tri-N integrated Project Based Learning model with digital poster media means that students have no difficulty in asking, answering and thinking activities. The research results based on interviews with teachers say that students are more active with the application of digital poster media based on the Tri-N integrated Project Based Learning model. Based on the research results, it can be seen that the application of digital poster media based on the Tri-N integrated Project Based Learning model can increase student learning activity in Pancasila Education subjects. The teacher made the digital poster media entitled "Aku Peduli Diriku" using the Canva application to create an attractive digital poster for students.---------------------Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan media poster digital berbasis model pembelajaran Project Based Learning terintegrasi Tri-N terhadap keaktifan belajar siswa pada pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila di kelas IV SD Negeri Karangnongko 1. Penelitian ini ialah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini ialah siswa kelas IV. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode: wawancara, observasi, kuesioner serta dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang dipergunakan pada penelitian ini ialah display data, reduksi data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Pentingnya penerapan media poster digital berbasis Project Based Learning terintegrasi Tri-N menjadikan siswa tidak kesulitan dalam aktivitas bertanya, menjawab, dan berdiskusi. Hasil penelitian berlandaskan wawancara dengan guru mengungkapkan yakni siswa lebih aktif dengan implementasi media poster digital berbasis model pembelajaran PjBL terintegrasi Tri-N. Berlandaskan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa penerapan media poster digital berbasis Project Based Learning terintegrasi Tri-N mampu menaikkan keaktifan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila. Media poster digital yang berjudul “Aku Peduli Diriku” dibuat guru melalui aplikasi canva sehingga terwujud poster digital yang menarik untuk siswa.
Professional and Financial Satisfaction Among Dentists
Authors: Shtereva-Tzouni D. , Mitreva V. , Naseva E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Apart from being a mean of making a living and achieving a certain social status, professions may also be considered a calling. The dentist's career is not only a vocation of high social prestige but also one which requires a high level of responsibility, physical and psychological load. Professional satisfaction reflects how meaningful a person finds their vocation, but this is based on the resources that the individual has invested (time for education and skill development, financial resources, effort, etc.). Hence, professional and financial satisfactions constitute complex and multifaceted phenomena. The aim of the study is to analyze the degree of professional and financial satisfaction in dentists as well as to give suggestions suitable for its improvement.

Materials and Methods
An online survey was conducted among 530 participants recruited from the platform Google forms in the first half of 2023.

Results
The general finding of our research is that greater financial satisfaction is reported by women, doctors of higher age, the participants with a longer work experience, the ones who work in their own dental practices and specialists.
Ridge Augmentation Using Autograft and Xenograft Versus Xenograft Alone With Simultaneous Implant Placement: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Nagaraj A. , Shetty M. , Thomas B. , Hegde R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim
To compare the alveolar ridge augmentation using either a 1:1 combination of autograft and bovine graft or bovine graft alone and a slow resorbing collagen membrane with simultaneous placement of implants.

Materials and Methods
24 subjects aged 20-60 years with an atrophic, both vertically and horizontally deficient, edentulous space in the esthetic region of the maxilla were randomly assigned into two groups who underwent guided bone regeneration procedures in conjunction with simultaneous implant placement. Group A received a 1:1 combination of autograft and bovine graft and Group Β received bovine graft alone. Primary closure and a tension-free flap were achieved. The study subjects were recalled after six months to assess the alveolar bone augmentation by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. The data that was collected was statistically analyzed.

Results
The mean alveolar ridge augmentation as seen at 6 months was observed to be 2.09 mm in the vertical dimension and 0.99 mm in the horizontal dimension, respectively, in the Group A subjects. In Group B, a mean vertical augmentation of 1.73 mm and a mean horizontal augmentation of 2.09 mm, respectively, were observed. The difference in mean vertical bone augmentation between the two groups at 6 months as compared to the baseline was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that alveolar ridge augmentation using a 1:1 combination of autograft and xenograft with immediate implant placement is a viable treatment option for the atrophic esthetic region of the maxilla.