bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between sleeping hours and cardiometabolic risk factors for metabolic syndrome in a Saudi Arabian population
Authors: Brocato Jason , Wu Fen , Chen Yu , Shamy Magdy , Alghamdi Mansour A , Khoder Mamdouh I , Alkhatim Alser A , Abdou Mamdouh H , Costa Max 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesEpidemiological and molecular studies have shown that sleep duration is associated with metabolic syndrome (MtS), a disease that is on the rise in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We aim to investigate the association between sleep duration and selected cardiometabolic risk factors of MtS in a Saudi Arabian population.SettingSecondary care was given to the participants. There were 2 participating centres, shopping malls in North and South Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ParticipantsWe recruited 2686 participants over a 1-year study period. Participants were selected based on their willingness. The only criterion for exclusion was living in the area (North or South Jeddah) for less than 15 years.Planned and primary outcome measuresParticipants were measured for blood sugar levels, blood pressure and body mass index. All participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire.ResultsThere was a positive association between longer sleep duration and obesity, hypertension and hyperglycaemia. The adjusted ORs for obesity, hypertension and hyperglycaemia were 1.54 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.98), 1.89 (95% CI 1.45 to 2.48) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.13), respectively, in participants sleeping >8 h/night, as compared with those sleeping 7 h. The positive associations between longer sleep duration, defined as sleeping >7 h, and the disease status, did not differ from other risk factors such as physical activity and nutrition.ConclusionsThis is the first epidemiological study reporting on the association between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors of MtS in a Saudi Arabian population. Sleep durations of 8 h or greater were found to be associated with all 3 cardiometabolic risk factors: obesity, hypertension and hyperglycaemia, and this relationship was not confounded by quality of nutrition or physical activity levels.
System hazards in managing laboratory test requests and results in primary care: medical protection database analysis and conceptual model
Authors: Bowie Paul , Price Julie , Hepworth Neil , Dinwoodie Mark , McKay John 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo analyse a medical protection organisation's database to identify hazards related to general practice systems for ordering laboratory tests, managing test results and communicating test result outcomes to patients. To integrate these data with other published evidence sources to inform design of a systems-based conceptual model of related hazards.DesignA retrospective database analysis.SettingGeneral practices in the UK and Ireland.Participants778 UK and Ireland general practices participating in a medical protection organisation's clinical risk self-assessment (CRSA) programme from January 2008 to December 2014.Main outcome measuresProportion of practices with system risks; categorisation of identified hazards; most frequently occurring hazards; development of a conceptual model of hazards; and potential impacts on health, well-being and organisational performance.ResultsCRSA visits were undertaken to 778 UK and Ireland general practices of which a range of systems hazards were recorded across the laboratory test ordering and results management systems in 647 practices (83.2%). A total of 45 discrete hazard categories were identified with a mean of 3.6 per practice (SD=1.94). The most frequently occurring hazard was the inadequate process for matching test requests and results received (n=350, 54.1%). Of the 1604 instances where hazards were recorded, the most frequent was at the ‘postanalytical test stage’ (n=702, 43.8%), followed closely by ‘communication outcomes issues’ (n=628, 39.1%).ConclusionsBased on arguably the largest data set currently available on the subject matter, our study findings shed new light on the scale and nature of hazards related to test results handling systems, which can inform future efforts to research and improve the design and reliability of these systems.
Are reductions in emergency department length of stay associated with improvements in quality of care? A difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: Vermeulen Marian J , Guttmann Astrid , Stukel Therese A , Kachra Ashif , Sivilotti Marco L A , Rowe Brian H , Dreyer Jonathan , Bell Robert , Schull Michael 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundWe sought to determine whether patients seen in hospitals who had reduced overall emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS) in the 2 years following the introduction of the Ontario Emergency Room Wait Time Strategy were more likely to experience improvements in other measures of ED quality of care for three important conditions.MethodsRetrospective medical record review using difference-in-differences analysis to compare changes in performance on quality indicators over the 3-year period between 11 Ontario hospitals where the median ED LOS had improved from fiscal year 2008 to 2010 and 13 matched sites where ED LOS was unchanged or worsened. Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), asthma and paediatric and adult upper limb fractures in these hospitals in 2008 and 2010 were evaluated with respect to 18 quality indicators reflecting timeliness and safety/effectiveness of care in the ED. In a secondary analysis, we examined shift-level ED crowding at the time of the patient visit and performance on the quality indicators.ResultsMedian ED LOS improved by up to 26% (63 min) from 2008 to 2010 in the improved hospitals, and worsened by up to 47% (91 min) in the unimproved sites. We abstracted 4319 and 4498 charts from improved and unimproved hospitals, respectively. Improvement in a hospital's overall median ED LOS from 2008 to 2010 was not associated with a change in any of the other ED quality indicators over the same time period. In our secondary analysis, shift-level crowding was associated only with indicators that reflected timeliness of care. During less crowded shifts, patients with AMI were more likely to be reperfused within target intervals (rate ratio 1.59, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.45), patients with asthma more often received timely administration of steroids (rate ratio 1.88, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.24) and beta-agonists (rate ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.74), and adult (but not paediatric) patients with fracture were more likely to receive analgesia or splinting within an hour (rate ratio 1.66, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.26).ConclusionsThese results suggest that a policy approach that targets only reductions in ED LOS is not associated with broader improvements in selected quality measures. At the same time, there is no evidence that efforts to address crowding have a detrimental effect on quality of care.
Sympathetic enhancement in futsal players but not in football players after repeated sprint ability test
Authors: Chen Yung-Sheng , Liao Chih-Jung , Lu Wan-An , Kuo Cheng-Deng 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundHeart rate variability (HRV) can disclose the specific adaptation of sympathovagal modulation to exercise. This study investigated the change in HRV measures after anaerobic and aerobic intermittent exercises in university football and futsal players.Method36 male university students with physically active lifestyle (n=14), football (n=12), and futsal (n=10) participated in this study. The participants completed the repeated sprint ability (RSA) test and Yo-Yo (YY) intermittent recovery test level 1 in randomised order. ECG signals of the participants were recorded in supine position 15 min before and 30 min after exercises. Before exercise, and 5 and 30 min after exercise, the blood pressures were also taken.ResultsIn the RSA protocol, the percentage changes in normalised high-frequency power (nHFP) were significantly decreased, while the percentage changes in the very low/high frequency power ratio (VLHR) and low/high frequency power ratio (LHR) were significantly increased in futsal players after exercise, as compared with the controls. No significant changes in all HRV indices were found in the YY protocol, except the respiratory frequency.ConclusionsAfter exercise, the percent decrease in vagal modulation in futsal players was significantly reduced, while the percentage increase in sympathetic modulation in futsal players was significantly enhanced in the RSA test, but not in the YY test, as compared with the control group. The increase in sympathetic activity and the decrease in vagal activity in the futsal players were greater than the corresponding increase and decrease in the football players in the RSA test.
Unruptured cerebral aneurysm clipping: association of combined open and endovascular expertise with outcomes
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Gottlieb Dan , Bovis George , Su Yin , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Jabbour Pascal , MacKenzie Todd A 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundIt is often questioned if one physician can conduct both open and endovascular techniques successfully and safely.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of combined open and endovascular expertise with the outcomes of unruptured cerebral aneurysm clipping.MethodsWe performed a cohort study of 100% of Medicare fee-for-service claims data for elderly patients who underwent surgical clipping for unruptured cerebral aneurysms between 2007 and 2012. To control for confounding we used propensity score conditioning, and controlled for clustering at the physician level.ResultsDuring the study, 3247 patients underwent clipping for unruptured cerebral aneurysms, and met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 766 (23.6%) underwent treatment by hybrid neurosurgeons, and 2481 (76.4%) by proceduralists, who performed only clipping. Multivariable regression analysis with propensity score adjustment demonstrated a lack of association of combined practice with 1-year postoperative mortality (OR=0.81; 95% CI 0.51 to 1.28), discharge to rehabilitation (OR=0.95; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.25), length of stay (adjusted difference 0.85 days; 95% CI −0.31 to 2.00), or 30-day readmission rate (OR=1.05; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.39). Higher procedural volume was independently associated with improved outcomes.ConclusionsIn a cohort of Medicare patients with unruptured aneurysms, we did not demonstrate a difference in mortality, discharge to rehabilitation, or readmission rate between hybrid neurosurgeons and surgeons performing only clipping.
Neurocognition after paediatric heart surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sterken Caroline , Lemiere Jurgen , Vanhorebeek Ilse , Van den Berghe Greet , Mesotten Dieter 
Published: December 2015

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) often experience difficulties in academic and daily functioning, which have been associated with intelligence and neurocognitive skills, including executive functions (EFs), attention and memory. We report the neurocognitive data of children with CHD who were included in the Leuven glucose control trial (LGC trial). Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to find which neurocognitive functions are most consistently and prominently affected. 365 children with CHD and 216 healthy control children underwent extensive neurocognitive testing in the LGC trial. A comprehensive search of electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane was conducted for studies measuring intelligence, EFs, attention and memory in children who underwent heart surgery for CHD. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) between the CHD group and a healthy control group were calculated for these neurocognitive functions. LGC trial data were included in the meta-analysis. Twelve studies with a healthy control group were included in the meta-analysis, involving 647 patients with CHD and 633 controls. The CHD group (median age 7.35 years at testing) had worse scores than healthy control children, for all investigated neurocognitive functions. A medium SMD was found for intelligence (SMD=−0.53 (95% CI −0.68 to −0.38), p<0.00001). Alertness, an attentional function, was also consistently poorer in the CHD group. Memory was less affected, while EF had a medium SMD with large heterogeneity. Children with CHD risk displayed lower performance on intelligence and alertness assessment, which may contribute to difficulties in daily life and school. Heterogeneity in neurocognitive assessment and small sizes in most studies limit the interpretation.Trial registration numberclinicaltrials.gov IdentifierNCT00214916.
Experimental studies of Generalized Parton Distributions
Authors: Niccolai Silvia 
Published: December 2015

Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) are nowadays the object of an intense effort of research, in the perspective of understanding nucleon structure. They describe the correlations between the longitudinal momentum and the transverse spatial position of the partons inside the nucleon and they can give access to the contribution of the orbital momentum of the quarks to the nucleon spin. Deeply Virtual Compton scattering (DVCS), the electroproduction on the nucleon, at the quark level, of a real photon, is the process more directly interpretable in terms of GPDs of the nucleon. Depending on the target nucleon (proton or neutron) and on the DVCS observable extracted (cross-sections, target- or beam-spin asymmetries, etc.), different sensitivity to the various GPDs for each quark flavor can be exploited. This article is focused on recent promising results, obtained at Jefferson Lab, on cross-sections and asymmetries for DVCS, and their link to GPDs. These data open the way to a “tomographic” representation of the structure of the nucleon, allowing the extraction of transverse-space densities of the quarks at fixed longitudinal momentum. The extensive experimental program to measure GPDs at Jefferson Lab with the 12 GeV-upgraded electron accelerator and the complementary detectors that will be housed in three experimental Halls (A, B and C), will also be presented.
ASYMPTOTIC ARBITRAGE IN THE HESTON MODEL
Authors: HABA FATMA , JACQUIER ANTOINE 
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we introduce a new form of asymptotic arbitrage, which we call a partial asymptotic arbitrage, half-way between those of Föllmer & Schachermayer (2007) [Mathematics and Financial Economics 1 (34), 213–249] and Kabanov & Kramkov (1998) [Finance and Stochastics 2, 143–172]. In the context of the Heston model, we establish a precise link between the set of equivalent martingale measures, the ergodicity of the underlying variance process and this partial asymptotic arbitrage. In contrast to Föllmer & Schachermayer (2007) [Mathematics and Financial Economics 1 (34), 213–249], our result does not assume a suitable condition on the stock price process to allow for (partial) asymptotic arbitrage.
Contribuição para os estudos das relações entre os gêneros
Authors: Quinteiro Maria da Conceição 
Published: December 2015

Na análise sociológica aqui proposta são contempladas, não so as especificidades dos contextos dos fenômenos sociais, como as normas e os valores estáveis que os amalgamam, pano de fundo das relações sociais. A concepção ainda vigente de inferioridade social feminina e superioridade social masculina (apoiada no fato de que a mulher age com a "emoção" e o homem age com a "razão") é o ponto primordial da relação dominação-subordinaão entre os gêneros. Como a razão e a emoção são parte de uma mesma unidade e homens e mulheres são portadores de ambas, e comotoda relação social é suscetível de crítica e questionamento dialógicos, a relação vigente entre os gêneros pode ser mudada. Como o espaço doméstico é comunicativo de caráter intersubjetivo é o <em>locus</em> da expressão da afetividade da manifestação da crítica e das primeiras aprendizagens, portanto é o espaço onde pode ser iniciado o fim da relação dominação-subordinação entre os gêneros
Contribuições de Foucault à crítica da modernidade e à historiografia
Authors: Mariano Ricardo 
Published: December 2015

Este artigo pretende tratar de como Foucault, em seus últimos trabalhos, nos quais emergem as questões do sujeito, da ética e da liberdade, critica a modernidade a partir da atualização que faz da interrogação filosófica da <em>Aufklärung</em> sobre o estatuto e a singularidade de nossa atualidade e de quem somos. Interrogação kantiana a partir da qual Foucault irá analisar também a problematização que os gragos faziam de sua moral sexual para - através da sua reativação no presente como diferença histórica, alteridade que possibilita a formação de novos pontos de vista para que possamos questionar aquilo que nos parece evidente, eterno e, assim, perceber a particularidade e finitude de nossos modos de ser, agir e pensar - reinscrever a possibilidade de uma ética em nossos dias: a constituição do sujeito a partir de um domínio de si. Foucault, enquanto filósofo-historiador, faz essa crítica de nosso presente a partir de certas heranças teóricas que assume em relação, entre outros, à Kant, à Nietzsche e mesmo à Escola dos <em>Annales</em><em>. </em>É, portanto, de sua contribuição à crítica da modernidade e à historiografia a partir dessas heranças que, de modo suscinto, trataremos.
Explorando as fronteiras do desemprego: reflexões a partir da categoria "desemprego por desalento"
Authors: Jardim Fabiana A. A. 
Published: December 2015

<p>O artigo tem como objetivo discutir as perspectivas e os limites da categoria "de-semprego" para a compreensão do mundo do trabalho e de suas mudanças. Partindo de dados relativos a 1989 e 2002, produzidos pela Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (SEADE/DIEESE), procura-se explorar as fronteiras do que a categoria desemprego re-vela ou deixa de revelar. Na medida em que a PED trabalha também com a noção de desemprego oculto, a comparação entre os dados de um ou outro tipo de desemprego permite uma interessante reflexão sobre as dinâmicas de inserção/exclusão e também sobre a visibilidade de cada um dos tipos de desemprego — conforme os atributos pes-soais do desempregado e conforme as representações sociais sobre quem constitui o "núcleo duro" do emprego e, conseqüentemente, do desemprego. A questão do direito ao trabalho ganha novos contornos a partir da observação daqueles que "ficam fora da conta" a despeito de sua vontade ou necessidade de trabalhar. Finalmente, o artigo procura formular algumas questões em relação aos limites da categoria desemprego para a interpretação da atual dinâmica do mercado de trabalho; categoria, aliás, que sempre teve entre nós um poder explicativo limitado, dada a heterogeneidade das situações ocupacionais presentes no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. A reflexão possibilitada pela exploração das fronteiras do desemprego revela nossa dificuldade em pensar o mundo do trabalho para além das três situações ocupacionais típicas (emprego — desemprego — inatividade) e provoca a criação de novos instrumentos analíticos para a compreensão do mundo do trabalho. </p>
Rawls e Habermas: em Busca de uma Perspectiva Democrática Transcontextual
Authors: Souza P. H. G. F. 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este artigo busca analisar as contribuições de John Rawls e de Jürgen Habermas para a elaboração de uma teoria da justiça que recupere a dimensão moral da democracia liberal e possa ajudar a combater a crise de legitimidade enfrentada pelo Estado moderno. Apesar da chamada “virada linguística”, ocorrida no campo da filosofia política no último século e do suposto fim das Grandes Narrativas, os dois pensadores se notabilizam por permanecerem fiéis à tradição universalista kantiana, em suas teorias procedimentalistas que procuram desfazer a oposição entre as “liberdades dos antigos” e as “liberdades dos modernos”. Procuramos, aqui, analisar a lógica que guiou a construção de cada autor e também o debate amigável travado entre eles para mostrar como ambos são exemplares tanto das potencialidades quanto dos limites desse paradigma. Dessa maneira, terminamos por sugerir que tais limites podem ser superados pela adoção de uma perspectiva comunitarista que adota um ponto de vista autorreflexivo, o qual concebe a universalidade da justiça de forma imanente, abdicando da necessidade de um momento universal de consenso racional. </p>
Um Espectro Ronda a Teoria Social Contemporânea: Tocqueville, Rosanvallon e a Modernidade
Authors: Gahyva Helga 
Published: December 2015

<p>O artigo procura revelar as afinidades entre as ideias de Pierre Rosanvallon, tal como expressas em A Crise do Estado-Providência, e o diagnóstico tocquevilliano acerca da experiência moderna, elaborado ainda na primeira metade do século XIX. O objetivo consiste em mostrar, por meio de um autor contemporâneo, como a discussão atual sobre as relações entre Estado e sociedade civil reatualizam os temas da descentralização e do pluralismo societário presentes em A Democracia na América. </p>
“A Aids mudou de cara”: memória coletiva e novas oportunidades para o ativismo da Aids no Brasil
Authors: Landau Caroline 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este artigo trata da análise da construção da memória coletiva do ativismo contra o HIV/Aids no Brasil, desenvolvido a partir de entrevistas com quinze ativistas de São Paulo. Neste artigo, examina-se a percepção de um “enfraquecimento” da luta contra a Aids desde os anos 1980/90, os chamados “anos heroicos”, quando se estabeleceu um ativismo poderoso e público que conseguiu angariar conquistas importantíssimas no tratamento de pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids. Mostra-se que o chamado atual “enfraquecimento” do movimento não considera a emergência de novos caminhos menos visíveis para enfrentar a Aids, que já não requer o mesmo tipo de ativismo dos “anos heroicos”. Conclui-se que esses novos caminhos – o tratamento universal de pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids, a incorporação da prevenção do HIV/Aids em sistemas de atendimento básico de saúde e o surgimento de novas redes de ativistas – nem sempre são considerados “ativismo”, justamente em razão da memória coletiva do ativismo contra a Aids, que ainda enfatiza as glórias, os métodos e as conquistas dos “anos heroicos”.</p>
Karl Marx vis-à-vis Max Weber: perspectiva comparada das visões acerca do Estado
Authors: Ramos Felippe 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este trabalho aborda a distinção analítica entre Marx e Weber, em relação ao tema do Estado. A hipótese é de que ambos os autores, a despeito do que pode parecer à primeira vista, estavam imbuídos da impossibilidade de um Estado impessoal, o que remete, em última instância, à politização do Estado. O que parece claro na visão de Marx é, contudo, obscurecido pela construção metodológica (e epistemológica) de Weber, com base na busca constante da objetividade do conhecimento, a partir de uma ciência que se afasta do engajamento político e da importância das categorias analíticas da burocracia e racionalização. Essa dificuldade de construir uma análise crítica da proposta weberiana pode ser esclarecida, contudo, constituindo uma análise do Estado, em oposição à esfera de legitimação do Estado moderno que se encontra claramente na burocracia, cuja característica maior é a impessoalidade, a partir da descrição de suas instâncias de decisão – um elemento político sobre a burocracia. A análise marxiana do Estado classista, por sua vez, também precisa ter suas nuances analisadas de acordo com o próprio amadurecimento teórico do autor, que, em suas obras de análise de eventos históricos escritas tardiamente, torna complexa a classificação do Estado, demonstrando suas aporias e disputas internas, para além de sua visão inicialmente instrumental do Estado.</p>