bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal cycle of ozone throughout the troposphere over Frankfurt as measured by MOZAIC-IAGOS commercial aircraft
Authors: Petetin H. , Thouret V. , Athier G. , Blot R. , Boulanger D. , Cousin J.-M. , Gaudel A. , Nédélec P. , Cooper O. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Ozone is generally assumed to have weak diurnal variations in the free troposphere due to lower production rates than in the boundary layer, in addition to a much lower NO titration and the absence of dry deposition at the surface. However, this hypothesis has not been proven due to a lack of high frequency observations at multiple times per day. For the first time, we take benefit from the frequent O3 vertical profiles measured above Frankfurt in the framework of the MOZAIC-IAGOS program to investigate the diurnal variations of O3 mixing ratios at multiple pressure levels throughout the troposphere. With about 21,000 aircraft profiles between 1994 and 2012 (98 per month on average), distributed throughout the day, this is the only dataset that can allow such a study. As expected, strong diurnal variations are observed close to the surface, in particular during spring and summer (enhanced photochemistry and surface deposition). Higher in altitude, our observations show a decrease of the diurnal cycle, with no diurnal cycle discernible above 750 hPa, whatever the season. Similar results are observed for the different percentiles of the O3 distribution (5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th). An insight of the changes of the diurnal cycles between 1994–2003 and 2004–2012 is also given. We found higher O3 mixing ratios during the latter period, particularly on the lowest pressure levels, despite lower mixing ratios during summer.
Mental health in carers with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Shiue Ivy 
Published: December 2016

Background: Little is known about the mental health of carers who have physical health conditions. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of adult carers with and without cardiovascular disease and their mental health status in Scotland's population using an independent dataset. Methods: Data from the Scottish Health Surveys for 2012 and 2013 were analysed. Information on demographics, lifestyle, regular care provided and mental health was obtained. Chi-square tests, t-tests and survey-weighted logistic and multinomial regression modelling were performed to test the associations among the study variables, between the exposure and the outcome accordingly. Results: The percentage of people providing care in the entire study sample (n=1721; 17.7%) is similar to those with cardiovascular disease (n=662; 18.0%) and those without (n=1059; 17.5%). The Scottish regions with the highest proportion of adult carers are Borders, Orkney and Lanarkshire. Carers with cardiovascular disease were more likely to lose sleep over anxiety and feel constantly under strain than patients who do not provide care. Mental health appeared to be worse in Scottish carers without cardiovascular disease than in those with such conditions. Conclusion: A longitudinal study could monitor the changes in both mental health and cardiovascular disease status and how they are associated. Continuous support in the community for all Scottish carers with and without any long-term conditions should be considered.
STORAGE MANAGEMENT OF CLINICAL RESEARCH SUPPLIES OF A PHASE IIB/III, NATIONAL, MULTI-CENTRE, DOUBLE-BLIND AND RANDOMIZED STUDY
Authors: Kawamoto Junior Luiz Teruo , Da Silva Adriano Maniçoba , Ferreira William De Paula , Rodrigues Enio Fernandes , Harada Lila M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract: New drugs suffer a long and slow proceeding to reach the market. On the one hand there are difficulties from the regulatory agency that delays the onset of clinical trial studies, on the other hand there is a slow patient recruitment during the course of the trial that prevents its completion. An efficient management of clinical trial supplies throughout the supply chain is essential. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the clinical supplies storage management in a national, multi-centre, double-blind and randomized study to evaluate the efficiency and safety of a combination of drugs to treat acute pain. The study was primarily focused on storage conditions of clinical supplies, detailing their distribution to the research sites. According to the data observed in this study, the clinical supplies storage management was not determinant for the slow patient recruitment process that reflected the delay to the end of the study. And although the centers were located in different states, there were no delays, loss or damage during storage and distribution that could compromise the proper stock and storage management of clinical trial supplies.
The effect of computer-assisted foreign language teaching on the student’s attitude and success
Authors: Kocaman Orhan , İskender Murat 
Published: December 2016

This research was carried out to determine the impact of computer-assisted teaching on teaching English. The first phase of the research was designed as an experiment and computer-assisted teaching and traditional teaching methods were conducted synchronically in two different groups. In the second phase, effects of variables such as gender, age, receiving private lesson and types of high schools of the students who attended the implementation were analysed.The sample of the research consisted of 40 first year undergraduate students from the first bachelor’s level program and another 40 from the second bachelor’s level program in the Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology in the Faculty of Education at Sakarya University in 2003-2004 academic year fall semester. The students of the first bachelor’s level program were assigned to be the control group and the students of the second bachelor’s level program were assigned to be the experimental group. The experimental group was given the computer-assisted lessons for twelve weeks but traditional teaching methods were meanwhile used in the classes of the control group. The experimental group used a compact disc in the laboratory as an educational material, which was prepared by the researcher.Data for attitude evaluation were gathered by questionnaires and success was evaluated through students’ examination grades. In determining the success rate, pre-test and post-test grades were used as the data.At the end of the research, the results revealed that traditional teaching methods caused the students grouped according to the variables such as gender, age, private lessons and types of high schools to develop a negative attitude towards English lessons whereas computer-assisted teaching method led the students to develop a positive attitude. Although it was observed that traditional teaching methods made a positive impact on the success of the students in English classes, this impact was weaker than computer-assisted teaching did in the other group. The students who studied English in computer-assisted teaching classes showed a more positive attitude towards English classes than the ones who studied English using traditional teaching methods.
Value-Focused Thinking Model to Evaluate SHM System Alternatives From Military end User Requirements Point of View
Authors: Klimaszewski Sławomir 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article describes Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) model developed in order to evaluate various alternatives for implementation of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system on a military aircraft. Four SHM system alternatives are considered based on: visual inspection (current approach), piezoelectric (PZT) sensors, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors and Comparative Vacuum Monitoring (CVM) sensors. A numerical example is shown to illustrate the model capability. Sensitivity analyses are performed on values such as Cost, Performance, Aircraft Availability and Technology Readiness Level in order to examine influence of these values on overall value of structural state of awareness provided by particular SHM system alternative.
Exemplification of Tomographic Method to Evaluate the Quality of Welded Joints Made from EN 5754-H22 Alloy
Authors: Błachnio Józef , Kułaszka Artur , Chalimoniuk Marek , Woźny Piotr 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The quality of welded joints depends on many factors. The relevant standards stipulate technical conditions of welds quality assessment, which provides the basis for stating whether the given joint is compatible with the requirements or whether it is defective. In practice, making welded joints that are totally devoid of defects is extremely difficult. To conduct the control of inner structure of the given joint a non-destructive method with the application of industrial CT scanner might be applied. This modern diagnosing method combines the x-ray examination with advanced computer technology. The basic advantage of computer-assisted tomography consists in examining objects in three dimensions and the possibility to carry out three-dimensional reconstructions. The aim of this article is to discuss the use of this method to evaluate the quality of welded joints made of aluminium alloys. Capabilities of computer-assisted tomography were depicted by the case of weld probes constructed with TIG (ang. Tungsten Inert Gas) welding by different process variables. One has made the analysis of the quality of probes showing the smallest and the biggest internal and external welding defects.
The Selected Problems of Studies of Aircraft Landing Gear
Authors: Rośkowicz Marek , Leszczyński Piotr 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article portrays the results of experimental studies conducted in the field of static strength test of main landing gear of lightweight aircraft as well as in the area of establishing the pneumatic tyre characteristics of main landing gear. The studies were carried out in compliance with methodologies of performing studies for the purposes of solutions implemented in aviation structures. It was stated that static strength tests of landing gear should not be done with the use of shock absorbers, due to the fact that this element, distinguished by high viscoelastic properties, by being statically loaded, is subject to displacements that do not occur during normal operation of the aircraft. Excessive displacements of shock absorber result in the load distribution in other landing gear elements being incompatible with project assumptions, which in turn leads to this strength test being interrupted, bearing in mind significantly lower loads than anticipated. It was also concluded that in order to determine pneumatic tyre characteristics it is not necessary to carry out tests on the whole landing gear strut, because the results obtained in the compression test of the wheel itself with pneumatic tyre are identical as the results acquired during tests conducted in accordance with methodology. Test preparation process with the use of the wheel itself and its realization is less time-consuming, less expensive and does not entail the necessity to build complex test stands.
Monitorowanie Rezystancji Kadłuba Wojskowego Statku Powietrznego
Authors: Gębura Andrzej , Mach-Cygankiewicz Aurelia 
Published: December 2016

Streszczenie
W artykule opisano pomiary rezystancji kadłuba statku powietrznego, prowadzone w celu poszukiwania skorodowanych miejsc w strukturze połączeń mechanicznych kadłuba. Przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące błędów pomiarowych pojedynczych połączeń par elementów mechanicznych płatowca oraz całej struktury takich połączeń rzeczywistego statku powietrznego. Zaproponowano metodę superpozycji do lokalizowania par połączeń mechanicznych o zwiększonej rezystancji elektrycznej. Jednocześnie w celu prognozowania czasu eksploatacji wybranych (najbardziej zagrożonych) par połączeń mechanicznych kadłuba zaproponowano przeprowadzenie (w warunkach laboratoryjnych) procesu przyśpieszonego starzenia i przeliczenie wyników metodą Arrheniusa na czas rzeczywisty.
Effects of NAO on the climatic water budget at the Polish southern Baltic coast
Authors: Świątek Małgorzata 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the Standardized Precipitation-Evaporation Index (SPEI), a metric of the climate-dependent water budget, in the Polish part of the southern Baltic coastal areas were analysed. The analyses were based on monthly NAO index values calculated by P.D. Jones, T. Jonsson, and D. Wheeler for 1951-2010 and on monthly temperatures and sums of precipitation in Szczecin, Ustka, and Elbląg used to calculate SPEI. No strong effects of NAO on the water budget could be demonstrated. Intensified air mass advection from the west was found to slightly reduce SPEI in the Polish coastal zone. In winter (particularly in February), the reduction was caused by the temperature increase during air mass advection from the west, which increases evaporation. In summer (mainly in August), the effect was due to the decreased sum of precipitation, the reduction, however, not being significant. Therefore, NAO effects on the water budget are considered weak and irregular.
Short-term changes in thermal conditions and active layer thickness in the tundra of the Kaffiøyra region, NW Spitsbergen
Authors: Sobota Ireneusz , Dziembowski Michał , Grajewski Tomasz , Weckwerth Piotr , Nowak Marcin , Greń Katarzyna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article describes and discusses the results of observations concerning short-term changes in the thermal conditions and the thickness of the active layer in a test field located in the tundra of the Kaffiøyra (NW Spitsbergen) during the summer season of 2015. One of the objectives was to find a correlation between the dynamic of the changes and the local topography. In recent years, thawing of the active layer in the Kaffiøyra region has been considerably varied in individual summer seasons. The test field area was 100 square meters, comprised 36 measurement points and was situated at approximately 3 m a.s.l. in the tundra. The measurements of the thickness and temperature of the active layer were carried out in July, August and early September of 2015. The greatest thickness of the active layer in the tundra was found near the moraine, in the area with the sharpest slope (156 cm to 212 cm). Ground temperatures were observed to follow the prevailing weather conditions with a delay, which amounted to about 24 h at a depth of 25 cm, and as much as 48 h at a depth of 75 cm. A greater thickness of the active layer was found in the western part of the test field, in the vicinity of a tidal channel, and in the eastern part of the field, bordering on the foot of the Aavatsmarkbreen’s moraine. A considerable sloping of the land, combined with increased surface runoff and infiltration at the time of precipitation, makes the water penetrating into the active layer increase its temperature. This demonstrates that the local land forms (tidal channels and terminal moraines) have a substantial influence on the extent and rate of changes which occur in the active layer.
Evidence of a homestead from the Late Bronze Age at the Ruda site (Northern Poland) based on archaeopedological studies
Authors: Markiewicz Maciej , Rembisz-Lubiejewska Anna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Based on archaeological data and pedological analysis, an attempt was made to reconstruct the functional pattern of a farmstead from the Late Bronze Age at the Ruda site (Northern Poland). Late Bronze Age human activity in the area and immediate vicinity of the homestead led to changes in the chemical properties of the soils. Different values of phosphorus and organic carbon content in the features and cultural layers may help interpretation of the past spatial development and use of the studied households. The areas with the highest concentration are linked with places of intense economic activity, and the small increase in the phosphorus content in the soil from the homestead may suggest a relatively short exploitation of this place, which would correspond with the small number of artefacts from that area. Features similar to the presented Late Bronze Age homestead have not been recorded before in the Polish territory. Analogous spatial assumptions are known from the Carpathian Highlands as well as from the north (German and Scandinavian territories).
Autonomous Path Planning Scheme Research for Mobile Robot
Authors: Cai Jianxian , Ruan Xiaogang , Li Pengxuan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn autonomous path-planning strategy based on Skinner operant conditioning principle and reinforcement learning principle is developed in this paper. The core strategies are the use of tendency cell and cognitive learning cell, which simulate bionic orientation and asymptotic learning ability. Cognitive learning cell is designed on the base of Boltzmann machine and improved Q-Learning algorithm, which executes operant action learning function to approximate the operative part of robot system. The tendency cell adjusts network weights by the use of information entropy to evaluate the function of operate action. The results of the simulation experiment in mobile robot showed that the designed autonomous path-planning strategy lets the robot realize autonomous navigation path planning. The robot learns to select autonomously according to the bionic orientate action and have fast convergence rate and higher adaptability.
The potential of global solar radiation in the Silesia region as a renewable source of energy
Authors: Waniek Katarzyna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Historically, Silesia has been at the centre of the Polish coal industry for many years and thus has experienced poorer air quality compared to other voivodeships. However, in recent years strong economic transformation in the area has led to a considerable reduction in coal production. This study aimed to assess the variability of global solar radiation at selected stations within the Silesian voivodeship, in order to re-evaluate the resources of renewable solar energy during the period 1994–2013. The theoretical potential of solar radiation was calculated based on a three-dimensional terrain model. The data on global solar radiation from 13 stations within the Silesia region, covering the period 1994–2013, were obtained from the Regional Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Katowice. The most favourable conditions for the use of solar energy were found at the cities Sosnowiec and Cieszyn. The largest increase in global radiation over the research period was observed in Zabrze. The average annual global radiation ranged between 600–1300 kWh·m−2. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) for selected districts of the Silesia region were used to calculate the theoretical potential of global solar radiation. The highest theoretical potential of global radiation was found in the district of Cieszyn, located at the highest altitude.
Landscape effects of conflicts in space management. A historical approach based on the Silesian and Żywiec Beskids (West Carpathians, Poland)
Authors: Sobala Michał 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A land use regime undergoes much change over time depending on the growth in the importance of various interest groups. Spatial conflicts repeatedly accompany this growth. The aim of the article is to determine the relationship between spatial conflicts and landscape changes. On the basis of the Silesian and Żywiec Beskid mountain ranges, it has been proven that conflicts arising between mountain grazing, agriculture, forest management, contemporary building and tourism development have significant impacts on the landscape. To this end, archive and contemporary cartographic materials, historical scientific works and archive photographs were used. The conflicts between mountain grazing and other types of human activity in the study area were analysed. Subsequently, their influence on the landscape was determined. As a result of the study, the primary sources of conflicts were indicated and correlated with historical periods and the predominant landscape use regime. The imprints of historical space conflicts and the rivalry for land use between different entities for their own purposes are still visible in the landscape. The historical conflicts have arisen between entities seeking ways to use different environmental resources occurring in the same area. Contemporary conflicts arise between entities seeking ways to use environmental resources (tourism) and between entities conscious of the hazards of the landscape sustainability resulting from the utilization of environmental resources (nature conservation services). Both historical and contemporary conflicts usually have a violent course resulting from the lack, or deficiency of, legislation concerning land management.
A One Year Investigation of Self-Compacting Concrete With Recycled Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Ibrahim A. , Mahmoud E. , El-Chabib H. , Chowdary Patibandla V. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper investigated the behavior of self-compacting concrete mixtures produced from high volume of supplementary cementitious materials incorporated with moderate and high percentages of recycled asphalt pavement as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate (CA). The mechanical properties and unrestrained shrinkage of 12 self-compacting concrete mixes through one-year timeframe are investigated. All mixes were proportioned to accomplish self-compacting concrete characteristics with constant water to cementitious materials ratio of 0.37. Three groups of mixtures were investigated while all groups consist of a control mixture without any cement replacement and three other mixtures made with various percentages of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Mixtures in group I were made with 100 % natural coarse aggregate, whereas those in groups II and III, the coarse aggregates were partially replaced by 25 and 50 % recycled asphalt pavement, respectively. The fresh properties, the compressive and tensile strengths, and the unrestrained (free) shrinkage of all mixtures were investigated up to 365 days. The compressive strength was measured at 3, 14, 28, and 365 days, whereas the free shrinkage was periodically measured up to one year. Results show that self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be developed with up to 70 % of cement replaced by supplementary cementitious materials and up to 25 % of coarse aggregate replaced by recycled asphalt pavement, whereas up to the 25 % replacement, the proposed mixtures showed very comparable results to the conventional SCC mixtures. A linear regression analysis was also conducted to correlate the studied compressive strength to the mixture's ingredients and showed strong agreement with the experimental results.