bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes prevention and management among minority ethnic groups in Nicaragua: Findings from Phase 2 of a community-based participatory research study
Authors: Newlin Lew Kelley , Mitchell Emma McKim , Mclean Yolanda 
Published: April 2016

Objectives: To (1) describe barriers to diabetes prevention and self-management, (2) explore how religious beliefs inform diabetes prevention and self-management and (3) describe community action strategies to address the problem of diabetes locally. Design: Qualitative, descriptive design. Setting: Three Moravian Churches located, respectively, in Bluefields, Pearl Lagoon and Tasbapounie on Nicaragua’s Southern Atlantic Coast. Methods: Using convenience sampling procedures, local church pastors or leaders, health professionals and local lay adults with or at-risk for type 2 diabetes were recruited. Structured by an interview guide, focus groups were conducted. Data were analysed using Krippendorff’s content analysis method. Results: Barriers to diabetes prevention and self-management behaviours included financial constraints, inconsistent availability of diabetes medications and testing supplies, and limited diabetes knowledge. Religious faith was identified as central in coping with the daily demands of preventing or self-managing diabetes. Community action strategies to address diabetes included (1) the formation of interdisciplinary diabetes teams, (2) church-based diabetes care and (3) public health announcements. Conclusion: Findings informed culturally sensitive diabetes prevention and self-management education through the identified community action strategies.
Early or late surgery for endocarditis with neurological complications
Authors: Oh Timothy Hou Teng , Wang Tom Kai Ming , Pemberton James A , Raudkivi Peter J 
Published: April 2016

Background The European Society of Cardiology 2015 guidelines advise urgent surgery for endocarditis complicated by cerebral embolism or transient ischemic events (1B evidence). Nevertheless, the timing of surgery remains contentious. This study aimed to review our experience of early versus delayed surgery in a selected cohort. Methods Our surgical database was examined for patients with a discharge diagnosis of endocarditis from 2005 to 2011. Selection was limited to patients who fulfilled the Duke criteria and underwent brain imaging for a clinically diagnosed preoperative neurological event. Patients were categorized as early surgery (≤7 days of clinical or cerebral imaging diagnosis of stroke) or delayed surgery (>7 days after diagnosis). Results Thirty-nine patients were identified: 20 in the early group (mean age 52 ± 15 years, diagnosis-to-surgery time 4 ± 2 days) and 19 in the delayed group (mean age 45 ± 15 years, diagnosis-to-surgery time 17 ± 11 days). There were no statistical differences in preoperative risks, operative data (cardiopulmonary bypass and crossclamp times) or postoperative neurological and mortality outcomes between the 2 groups. The size of the cerebral lesion was not a significant predictor of postoperative hemorrhagic or neurological outcome. Multivariate analysis did not show any independent predictor of mortality during follow-up (mean 51 ± 27 months). There was no difference in long-term survival, freedom from reoperation, or recurrent endocarditis between the 2 groups. Conclusions This study showed no statistical excess of mortality or neurological outcomes after early surgical intervention, regardless of the preoperative cerebral lesion size.
Psychometric properties of the Behavioural Outcomes of Anxiety questionnaire in stroke patients with aphasia
Authors: Eccles Alicia , Morris Reg , Kneebone Ian 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of an observational, carer-completed anxiety screen for aphasic stroke patients. Design: Phase 1: A cross-sectional questionnaire design to establish psychometric properties. Phase 2: A randomized longitudinal design with treatment and control to evaluate sensitivity to change and repeatability/reliability. Subjects: Phase 1: 111 patient-carer dyads were recruited through stroke charities: patient mean age 69.7(10. 7), 6.2(5. 2) years since stroke, 76 male; carer mean age 64.7(12. 2), 27 male. Phase 2. A subsample of 50 dyads (29 completed). Measures: All patients completed the Tension Rating Circles and the Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test. Carers completed the Behavioural Outcomes of Anxiety questionnaire, observational versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, and a feedback questionnaire. Intervention: Phase 2: 25 dyads were offered relaxation training and 25 acted as controls. Results: The Behavioural Outcomes of Anxiety questionnaire correlated .77 with the HADS-A and Cronbach’s Alpha was .82 demonstrating validity and internal consistency. Using HADS-A cut-off > 7 as criterion the area under the curve was 0.90 and at cut-off of > 16 sensitivity (0.85) and specificity (0.85) were both good. Scores declined significantly more in a group given anxiety training ( n = 12) than in a control group ( n = 17), demonstrating sensitivity to change and construct validity. Two-week repeatability/reliability was .92. Feedback suggested the scale was acceptable. Conclusions: The Behavioural Outcomes of Anxiety questionnaire shows promise as an anxiety screen for stroke patients with aphasia and is sensitive to change. Further analysis of dimensionality and discriminant validity is needed.
Occupational therapy roles and responsibilities: Development of a standardised measure of time use for staff working with adults in community settings
Authors: Hughes Jane , Wilberforce Mark , Symonds Eileen , Bowns Ian , Challis David 
Published: April 2016

Introduction This paper documents the development of a diary schedule to describe the work of occupational therapists of all grades, across a range of adult care groups and community health and social care settings, to permit comparison between them and over time. Method Two sources of information were used to develop the schedule: findings from five focus groups with occupational therapists (46 participants) and analysis of previous research on staff time use undertaken by the Personal Social Services Research Unit at the University of Manchester. It was piloted and evaluated by scrutiny of the schedules, a group interview with participants and meetings with managers. Results Practitioners identified almost 200 activities in their day-to-day work. These were categorised into three principal activity themes: direct care, indirect care and team or service development. The pilot study revealed ease of completion and discernible differences between settings and activities together with suggestions for improvement to the schedule regarding the description of activities and the accompanying guidance. Conclusion A diary schedule and common activity list, covering the full breadth of occupational therapy practice in adult community care, was developed. Whilst its utility in an organisation employing practitioners in multiple settings was demonstrated its wider applicability is unproven.
Text messages reduce memory failures in adults with brain injury: A single-case experimental design
Authors: Cruz Gabriela , Petrie Susan , Goudie Nicola , Kersel Denyse , Evans Jonathan 
Published: April 2016

Introduction This study evaluated the efficacy of a low-cost reminder system to support prospective memory after traumatic brain injury and identified factors that contributed to the outcome. Method Two single-case experimental designs with multiple baselines across activities are described. Participants presented moderate-to-severe cognitive impairments in one case and post-concussion syndrome in the other. Both reported memory problems in everyday activities. Target activities were selected using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Participants were taught how to send reminders through Google Calendar to their mobile phones. Results The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure showed improved self-perception of performance and satisfaction levels. Using non-overlap of all pairs statistical analysis, most, but not all, target activities showed statistically significant improvement, with non-overlap ranging from 47% to 98%. Adjustments in the use of the reminders based on each participant’s activities and cognitive abilities were required in order to maximise the benefits. Conclusion The reminder system was effective in increasing the frequency of completion of routine activities of daily living. To increase the effectiveness of ubiquitous technology in supporting cognition after brain injury, several factors co-existing with cognitive problems should be taken into account.
Cholesterol Point-of-Care Testing for Community Pharmacies: A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Haggerty Lauren , Tran Deanna 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To summarize the literature on cholesterol point-of-care tests (POCTs). This article would serve as a resource to assist community pharmacists in developing cholesterol point-of-care (POC) pharmacy services. Data Sources: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE Ovid, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane database using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: point-of-care test, cholesterol, blood chemical analysis, rapid testing, collaborative practice, community pharmacy, and ambulatory care. Additional resources including device manufacturer web sites were summarized to supplement the current literature. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All human research articles, review articles, meta-analyses, and abstracts published in English through September 1, 2014, were considered. Data Synthesis: A total of 36 articles were applicable for review. Information was divided into the following categories to be summarized: devices, pharmacists’ impact, and operational cost for the pharmacy. Conclusions: The current literature suggests that POCTs in community pharmacies assist with patient outcomes by providing screenings and referring patients with dyslipidemia for further evaluation. The majority of studies on cholesterol POC devices focused on accuracy, revealing the need for further studies to develop best practices and practice models with successful reimbursement. Accuracy, device specifications, required supplies, and patient preference should be considered when selecting a POC device for purchase.
Candidate driver genes involved in genome maintenance and DNA repair in Sézary syndrome
Authors: Woollard Wesley J. , Pullabhatla Venu , Lorenc Anna , Patel Varsha M. , Butler Rosie M. , Bayega Anthony , Begum Nelema , Bakr Farrah , Dedhia Kiran , Fisher Joshua , Aguilar-Duran Silvia , Flanagan Charlotte , Ghasemi Aria A. , Hoffmann Ricarda M. , Castillo-Mosquera Nubia , Nuttall Elisabeth A. , Paul Arisa , Roberts Ceri A. , Solomonidis Emmanouil G. , Tarrant Rebecca , Yoxall Antoinette , Beyers Carl Z. , Ferreira Silvia , Tosi Isabella , Simpson Michael A. , de Rinaldis Emanuele , Mitchell Tracey J. , Whittaker Sean J. 
Published: April 2016

Key Points
Aberrations in genome maintenance and DNA repair genes including POT1 occur at a high frequency in Sézary syndrome. Candidate driver genes and affected pathways in Sézary syndrome show extensive heterogeneity but overlap with other mature T-cell lymphomas.
The first intracellular loop of GLUT4 contains a retention motif
Authors: Talantikite Maya , Berenguer Marion , Gonzalez Teresa , Alessi Marie Christine , Poggi Marjorie , Peiretti Franck , Govers Roland 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Glucose transporter GLUT4 (also known as SLC2A4) plays a major role in glucose homeostasis and is efficiently retained intracellularly in adipocytes and myocytes. To simplify the analysis of its retention, here, various intracellular GLUT4 domains were fused individually to reporter molecules. Of the four short cytoplasmic loops of GLUT4, only the first nine-residue-long loop conferred intracellular retention of truncated forms of the transferrin receptor and CD4 in adipocytes. In contrast, the same loop of GLUT1 was without effect. The reporter molecules to which the first loop of GLUT4 was fused localized, unlike GLUT4, to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), possibly explaining why these molecules did not respond to insulin. The retention induced by the GLUT4 loop was specific to adipocytes as it did not induce retention in preadipocytes. Of the SQWLGRKRA sequence that constitutes this loop, mutation of either the tryptophan or lysine residue abrogated reporter retention. Mutation of these residues individually into alanine residues in the full-length GLUT4 molecule resulted in a decreased retention for GLUT4-W105A. We conclude that the first intracellular loop of GLUT4 contains the retention motif WLGRK, in which W105 plays a prominent role.
PAX5 interacts with RIP2 to promote NF-κB activation and drug-resistance in B-lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Wang Dong , Chen Jingyu , Li Rui , Wu Guolin , Sun Zimin , Wang Zhitao , Zhai Zhimin , Fang Fang , Guo Yugang , Zhong Yongjun , Jiang Ming , Xu Huan , Chen Minhua , Shen Guodong , Sun Jie , Yan Bailing , Yu Chundong , Tian Zhigang , Xiao Weihua 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Paired box protein 5 (PAX5) plays a lineage determination role in B-cell development. However, high expression of PAX5 has been also found in various malignant diseases, including B-lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPDs), but its functions and mechanisms in these diseases are still unclear. Here, we show that PAX5 induces drug resistance through association and activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIP2; also known as RIPK2), and subsequent activation of NF-κB signaling and anti-apoptosis gene expression in B-lymphoproliferative cells. Furthermore, PAX5 is able to interact with RIP1 and RIP3, modulating both RIP1-mediated TNFR and RIP2-mediated NOD1 and NOD2 pathways. Our findings describe a new function of PAX5 in regulating RIP1 and RIP2 activation, which is at least involved in chemotherapeutic drug resistance in B-LPDs.
Lovastatin lactone may improve irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) by inhibiting enzymes in the archaeal methanogenesis pathway
Authors: Muskal Steven M. , Sliman Joe , Kokai-Kun John , Pimentel Mark , Wacher Vince , Gottlieb Klaus 
Published: April 2016

Methane produced by the methanoarchaeonMethanobrevibacter smithii(M. smithii) has been linked to constipation, irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), and obesity. Lovastatin, which demonstrates a cholesterol-lowering effect by the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, may also have an anti-methanogenesis effect through direct inhibition of enzymes in the archaeal methanogenesis pathway. We conducted protein-ligand docking experiments to evaluate this possibility. Results are consistent with recent clinical findings.METHODS: F420-dependent methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase (mtd), a key methanogenesis enzyme was modeled for two different methanogenic archaea:M. smithiiandMethanopyrus kandleri. Once protein models were developed, ligand-binding sites were identified. Multiple ligands and their respective protonation, isomeric and tautomeric representations were docked into each site, including F420-coenzyme (natural ligand), lactone and β-hydroxyacid forms of lovastatin and simvastatin, and other co-complexed ligands found in related crystal structures.RESULTS: 1) Generally, for each modeled site the lactone form of the statins had more favorable site interactions compared to F420; 2) The statin lactone forms generally had the most favorable docking scores, even relative to the native template PDB ligands; and 3) The statin β-hydroxyacid forms had less favorable docking scores, typically scoring in the middle with some of the F420 tautomeric forms. Consistent with these computational results were those from a recent phase II clinical trial (NCT02495623) with a proprietary, modified-release lovastatin-lactone (SYN-010) in patients with IBS-C, which showed a reduction in symptoms and breath methane levels, compared to placebo.CONCLUSION: The lactone form of lovastatin exhibits preferential binding over the native-F420 coenzyme ligandin silicoand thus could inhibit the activity of the keyM. smithiimethanogenesis enzymemtdin vivo. Statin lactones may thus exert a methane-reducing effect that is distinct from cholesterol lowering activity, which requires HMGR inhibition by statin β-hydroxyacid forms.
Crumbs of the Cookie: User Profiling in Customer-Base Analysis and Behavioral Targeting
Authors: Trusov Michael , Ma Liye , Jamal Zainab 
Published: April 2016

User profile is a summary of a consumer’s interests and preferences revealed through the consumer’s online activity. It is a fundamental component of numerous applications in digital marketing. McKinsey & Company view online user profiling as one of the promising opportunities companies should take advantage of to unlock “big data’s” potential. This paper proposes a modeling approach that uncovers individual user profiles from online surfing data and allows online businesses to make profile predictions when limited information is available. The approach is easily parallelized and scales well for processing massive records of user online activity. We demonstrate application of our approach to customer-base analysis and display advertising. Our empirical analysis uncovers easy-to-interpret behavior profiles and describes the distribution of such profiles. Furthermore, it reveals that even for information-rich online firms profile inference that is based solely on their internal data may produce biased results. We find that although search engines cover smaller portions of consumer Web visits than major advertising networks, their data is of higher quality. Thus, even with the smaller information set, search engines can effectively recover consumer behavioral profiles. We also show that temporal limitations imposed on individual-level tracking abilities are likely to have a differential impact across major online businesses, and that our approach is particularly effective for temporally limited data. Using economic simulation we demonstrate potential gains the proposed model may offer a firm if used in individual-level targeting of display ads. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0956 .
A Structured Analysis of Unstructured Big Data by Leveraging Cloud Computing
Authors: Liu Xiao , Singh Param Vir , Srinivasan Kannan 
Published: April 2016

Accurate forecasting of sales/consumption is particularly important for marketing because this information can be used to adjust marketing budget allocations and overall marketing strategies. Recently, online social platforms have produced an unparalleled amount of data on consumer behavior. However, two challenges have limited the use of these data in obtaining meaningful business marketing insights. First, the data are typically in an unstructured format, such as texts, images, audio, and video. Second, the sheer volume of the data makes standard analysis procedures computationally unworkable. In this study, we combine methods from cloud computing, machine learning, and text mining to illustrate how online platform content, such as Twitter, can be effectively used for forecasting. We conduct our analysis on a significant volume of nearly two billion Tweets and 400 billion Wikipedia pages. Our main findings emphasize that, by contrast to basic surface-level measures such as the volume of or sentiments in Tweets, the information content of Tweets and their timeliness significantly improve forecasting accuracy. Our method endogenously summarizes the information in Tweets. The advantage of our method is that the classification of the Tweets is based on what is in the Tweets rather than preconceived topics that may not be relevant. We also find that, by contrast to Twitter, other online data (e.g., Google Trends, Wikipedia views, IMDB reviews, and Huffington Post news) are very weak predictors of TV show demand because users tweet about TV shows before, during, and after a TV show, whereas Google searches, Wikipedia views, IMDB reviews, and news posts typically lag behind the show.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0972 .
Trying to put a name tag on Subjective Wellbeing
Authors: Dumbraveanu Andrada 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Over the last three decades there has been a growing interest in the field of subjective wellbeing (SWB).With the emergence of happiness economics researchers have exploring the possibility of using subjective wellbeing indicators for potential policy implications. However, despite the expanding literature on the subject there is no clear definition of subjective wellbeing, or indicators such as life satisfaction or happiness.
Aspects of Understanding Government’s Public Institutions Behavior Necessary to Design Reforms
Authors: Imre Stefan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper presents some aspects found by the author in his research in field of government public institutions behavior. The author started some years ago to research the modality how should prepare a conceptual transfer of management from the companies practice to government public institutions and to implement them for enhance quality of their results. The main concept of the theoretical research is based on some well-known theoretical remarks. One of this shows that the public institutions are similar entities as companies. Eventually they have higher complexity. Following this logic, the public institutions should be led by management instead public administration. Considering public management and the new public management only some attempts without solving the main problems, the author consider that implementing procedural efficiency oriented management to the government public institution is equivalent with an important changes induced by outside.
Preparing the conceptual transfer, for the first period of research was necessary to understand government’s public institution behavior. For this purpose the relational frame was the business organization. In this respect the research compares organizational behavior of companies and public institutions and their reaction to important changes. For understand similarities and differences it was necessary to discover theoretical standpoints regarding companies reaction to important changes induced by outside and main determinants from the organizational sciences literature. In the similar way was studied the public institution reaction and determinants of this to important changes, theoretically through documentary analyses of the literature of public administration.
The benchmarking between the reactions of the mentioned two entities discovered different behaviors and the main determinants of the reactions of them to a new form of leading system by management, including modern instruments as knowledge management.
The paper conclusions sustain that implementation of modern management systems to government’s public institutions should deal with a different behavior used to know at companies. In this respect, the paper highlights different aspects between companies and public institutions behavior admitting similarities on organizational structure and internal procedures.