bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetric Achromatic Variability in Active Galaxies: A Powerful New Gravitational Lensing Probe?
Authors: Vedantham H. K. , Readhead A. C. S. , Hovatta T. , Pearson T. J. , Blandford R. D. , Gurwell M. A. , Lähteenmäki A. , Max-Moerbeck W. , Pavlidou V. , Ravi V. , Reeves R. A. , Richards J. L. , Tornikoski M. , Zensus J. A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of a rare new form of long-term radio variability in the light curves of active galaxies (AG)—symmetric achromatic variability (SAV)—a pair of opposed and strongly skewed peaks in the radio flux density observed over a broad frequency range. We propose that SAV arises through gravitational milli-lensing when relativistically moving features in AG jets move through gravitational lensing caustics created by

subhalo condensates or black holes located within intervening galaxies. The lower end of this mass range has been inaccessible with previous gravitational lensing techniques. This new interpretation of some AG variability can easily be tested and if it passes these tests, will enable a new and powerful probe of cosmological matter distribution on these intermediate-mass scales, as well as provide, for the first time, micro-arcsecond resolution of the nuclei of AG—a factor of 30–100 greater resolution than is possible with ground-based millimeter very-long-baseline interferometry.
Comparison of parallel or convergent proximal schanz screw placement of pertrochanteric fixator in intertrochanteric fracture model
Authors: Gok Arif , Inal Sermet , Taspinar Ferruh , Gulbandilar Eyyup , Gok Kadir 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Intertrochanteric femoral fractures are serious traumas among elderly patients. In these patients, external fixator is a preferable method for the fixation of fractures. Therefore, this study was planned to compare the parallel and convergent proximal schanz screw placement of pertrochanteric fixator in the intertrochanteric femoral fractures with respect to biomechanical forces that stabilize the fracture line and to present their clinical importance. A commercial finite element based program, AnsysWorkbench was used to investigate the biomechanical parameters of the femoral intertrochanteric fractures and different placement of implants. The von Mises stress, von Mises strain and shear stress on the proximal and distal surface of the fracture line were lower in the convergent pertrochanteric fixator. Proximal schanz screws in convergent configuration pertrochanteric fixator had greater stress and strain values than proximal schanz screws in parallel configuration pertrochanteric fixator. The distance between the proximal schanz screws on the fracture line was measured as 12 mm in convergent configuration pertrochanteric fixator, and as 3.5 mm in parallel configuration pertrochanteric fixator. The angle between the proximal schanz screws in the convergent configuration was measured as 12.88°. The effect of convergent and parallel configuration pertrochanteric fixators on axial loading demonstrated that convergent configuration pertrochanteric fixator was safer in this respect.
ANOMALOUS SEISMO-ACOUSTIC WAVE PROPAGATION AND DETERMINATION SOURCE OF INFRASOUND
Authors: Ch Bayarsaikhan , L Tungalag , Ch Lkhagvajav , Pichon Alexis Le 
Published: August 2017

The network of infrasound stations (I34MN) in Mongolia daily registers set of infrasound from various sources besides explosions. The data from explosions in mines in region and from other sources detected since 2000 to 2009 in seismic and infrasound stations is analyzed. The analysis these signals dependence of speed distribution of sound from seasonal, wind forces and direction moreover on short distances. From detected in infrasound stations (I34MN) in year 80-90 % of signals make microbaroms, the wide range of their sources is visible from the frequency analysis. From the general analysis registered seismo and acoustic signals of explosions on the seismic and infrasound networks stations miscalculate not only speeds of distribution of sounds on close distances (50-500 km), and also the speed model of atmosphere is made.
“МОНГОЛЫН НУУЦ ТОВЧООН” ДАХЬ “ШАРГА АГТ ТАН” ХЭМЭЭХ ХЭЛЛЭГИЙН УТГА УЧИР
Authors: Б Сүмбэр 
Published: August 2017

Horses are loved by Mongolians in their culture and nomadic lifestyle. Mongolian horses made a great contribution to Mongolian history.The art work of ‘The Eight Steed of Genghis’ is well known by us. While Chinese artist Xu Beihong (1895-1953) great work ‘Eight Chun map’ has its root in West Zhou Dynasty’s (B.C. 1046-B.C. 661) art work which was drawn by fifth king Zhou Muwang (B.C. 1054-B.C. 949). Similarly there maybe a connection between the ‘Lucky Eight Horses’ in art works even sculptures with the Mongolian art called ‘The Eight Steed of Genghis’.This article aims to explain the meaning of the word ‘Sharga agt tan’ as used in “The Secret History of Mongolia” which was written in the 13th century, is considered to have no outside influences and believed to be an accurate account of Mongolian history. It especially aims to explain the meaning of the suffix tan that is used in the phrase ‘Sharga agt tan’ in “The Secret History of Mongolia”. The suffix tan was used in the middle aged Mongolian language and in our study you can see the comparison of the suffix tan and its similar meaning in contemporary Mongolian language. This article also aims to determine the actual number of horses in the phrase such as ‘Sharga agt tan 9 morid’ (meaning of nine yellowish/ light bay horses), ‘Sharga agt tan 8 morid’ (meaning of eight yellowish/ light bay horses), as well it attempts to explain that in the mongolian language the word sharga means yellowish/light bay colour in cognitive linguistic understanding. This study also explores the meaning of the expression ‘The Eight Sharga Steed of Genghis’.
Supramolecular-Based Ultrasonic-Assisted Dispersion Solidification Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Copper and Cobalt Prior to Their Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination
Authors: Shokrollahi Ardeshir , Ebrahimi Foroogh 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In the present work, a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly method was proposed for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of minute quantities of copper and cobalt in water samples and serum by a supramolecular-based ultrasonic-assisted dispersion solidification liquid–liquid microextraction (DSLLME) procedure coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The procedure is based on the DSLLME of copper and cobalt with decanoic acid–tetrahydrofuran supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) in the presence of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, as the complexing agent. SUPRAS is a nanostructured liquid generated from amphiphiles through a sequential self-assembly process occurring on two scales, molecular and nano. Several variables that affect the extraction efficiency—including pH, concentration of complexing agent, volume of the extraction and dispersive solvents (volume of SUPRAS), sonication time, and ionic strength—were investigated and optimized. The method provided enrichment factors of 23.31 and 22.38 for copper and cobalt, respectively. The preconcentration factor for the two analytes was 20.00. Calibration plots were linear in the range of 5.00–700.00 ng/mL for copper and 5.00–500.00 ng/mL for cobalt, with correlations of determination of 0.9973 and 0.9981. The precision of the method were expressed as RSDs for six replicate measurements and LODs and found to be ±4.10 and ±2.30% for copper and 2.90 and 3.50 ng/mL for cobalt. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of trace copper and cobalt in real water samples and serum with satisfactory results.
Beyond the carapace: skull shape variation and morphological systematics of long-nosed armadillos (genusDasypus)
Authors: Hautier Lionel , Billet Guillaume , de Thoisy Benoit , Delsuc Frédéric 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe systematics of long-nosed armadillos (genusDasypus) has been mainly based on a handful of external morphological characters and classical measurements. Here, we studied the pattern of morphological variation in the skull of long-nosed armadillos species, with a focus on the systematics of the widely distributed nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus).MethodsWe present the first exhaustive 3D comparison of the skull morphology within the genusDasypus, based on micro-computed tomography. We used geometric morphometric approaches to explore the patterns of the intra- and interspecific morphological variation of the skull with regard to several factors such as taxonomy, geography, allometry, and sexual dimorphism.ResultsWe show that the shape and size of the skull vary greatly amongDasypusspecies, withDasypus pilosusrepresenting a clear outlier compared to other long-nosed armadillos. The study of the cranial intraspecific variation inDasypus novemcinctusevidences clear links to the geographic distribution and argues in favor of a revision of past taxonomic delimitations. Our detailed morphometric comparisons detected previously overlooked morphotypes of nine-banded armadillos, especially a very distinctive unit restricted to the Guiana Shield.DiscussionAs our results are congruent with recent molecular data and analyses of the structure of paranasal sinuses, we propose thatDasypus novemcinctusshould be regarded either as a polytypic species (with three to four subspecies) or as a complex of several distinct species.
Germination of dimorphic seeds of Suaeda aralocaspica in response to light and salinity conditions during and after cold stratification
Authors: Wang Hong-Ling , Tian Chang-Yan , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2017

Cold stratification is a requirement for seed dormancy breaking in many species, and thus it is one of the important factors for the regulation of timing of germination. However, few studies have examined the influence of various environmental conditions during cold stratification on subsequent germination, and no study has compared such effects on the performance of dormant versus non-dormant seeds. Seeds of halophytes in the cold desert might experience different light and salinity conditions during and after cold stratification. As such, dimorphic seeds (non-dormant brown seeds and black seeds with non-deep physiological dormancy) of Suaeda aralocaspica were cold stratified under different light (12 h light–12 h darkness photoperiod or continuous darkness) or salinity (0, 200 or 1,000 mmol L-1 NaCl) conditions for 20 or 40 days. Then stratified seeds were incubated under different light or salinity conditions at daily (12/12 h) temperature regime of 10:25 °C for 20 days. For brown seeds, cold stratification was also part of the germination period. In contrast, almost no black seeds germinated during cold stratification. The longer the cold stratification, the better the subsequent germination of black seeds, regardless of light or salinity conditions. Light did not influence germination of brown seeds. Germination of cold-stratified black seeds was inhibited by darkness, especially when they were stratified in darkness. With an increase in salinity at the stage of cold stratification or germination, germination percentages of both seed morphs decreased. Combinational pre-treatments of cold stratification and salinity did not increase salt tolerance of dimorphic seeds in germination phase. Thus, light and salinity conditions during cold stratification partly interact with these conditions during germination stage and differentially affect germination of dimorphic seeds of S. aralocaspica.
Characteristics of the surface water DMS and pCO2 distributions and their relationships in the Southern Ocean, southeast Indian Ocean, and northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zhang Miming , Marandino C. A. , Chen Liqi , Sun Heng , Gao Zhongyong , Park Keyhong , Kim Intae , Yang Bo , Zhu Tingting , Yan Jinpei , Wang Jianjun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOceanic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is of interest due to its critical influence on atmospheric sulfur compounds in the marine atmosphere and its hypothesized significant role in global climate. High‐resolution shipboard underway measurements of surface seawater DMS and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) were conducted in the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean (SO), the southeast Indian Ocean, and the northwest Pacific Ocean from February to April 2014 during the 30th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition. The SO, particularly in the region south of 58°S, had the highest mean surface seawater DMS concentration of 4.1 ± 8.3 nM (ranged from 0.1 to 73.2 nM) and lowest mean seawater pCO2 level of 337 ± 50 μatm (ranged from 221 to 411 μatm) over the entire cruise. Significant variations of surface seawater DMS and pCO2 in the seasonal ice zone (SIZ) of SO were observed, which are mainly controlled by biological process and sea ice activity. We found a significant negative relationship between DMS and pCO2 in the SO SIZ using 0.1° resolution, [DMS] seawater = −0.160 [pCO2] seawater + 61.3 (r2 = 0.594, n = 924, p < 0.001). We anticipate that the relationship may possibly be utilized to reconstruct the surface seawater DMS climatology in the SO SIZ. Further studies are necessary to improve the universality of this approach.
Thermal segmentation of mid‐ocean ridge‐transform faults
Authors: Wolfson‐Schwehr Monica , Boettcher Margaret S. , Behn Mark D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract3‐D finite element simulations are used to calculate thermal structures and mantle flow fields underlying mid‐ocean ridge‐transform faults (RTFs) composed of two fault segments separated by an orthogonal step over. Using fault lengths and slip rates, we derive an empirical scaling relation for the critical step over length (
), which marks the transition from predominantly horizontal to predominantly vertical mantle flow at the base of the lithosphere under a step over. Using the ratio of step over length (LS) to
, we define three degrees of segmentation: first‐degree, corresponding to type I step overs (
≥ 3); second‐degree, corresponding to type II step overs (1 ≤
< 3); and third‐degree, corresponding to type III step overs (
<1). In first‐degree segmentation, thermal structures and mantle upwelling patterns under a step over are similar to those of mature ridges, where normal mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) form. The seismogenic area under first‐degree segmentation is characteristic of two, isolated faults. Second‐degree segmentation creates pull‐apart basins with subdued melt generation, and intratransform spreading centers with enriched MORBs. The seismogenic area of RTFs under second‐degree segmentation is greater than that of two isolated faults, but less than that of an unsegmented RTF. Under third‐degree segmentation, mantle flow is predominantly horizontal, resulting in little lithospheric thinning and little to no melt generation. The total seismogenic area under third‐degree segmentation approaches that of an unsegmented RTF. Our scaling relations characterize the degree of segmentation due to step overs along transform faults and provide insight into RTF frictional processes, seismogenic behavior, and melt transport.
Metal‐Free O‐Arylation of Carboxylic Acid by Active Diaryliodonium(III) Intermediates Generated in situ from Iodosoarenes
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi , Koseki Daichi , Sumida Kohei , Okada Kana , Mizuno Serina , Kato Asami , Morimoto Koji , Kita Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe metal‐free arylative coupling of carboxylic acids using iodosoarenes without the use of a catalyst and base, which is applicable to even a highly‐polar molecule bearing multiple alcohol groups, is reported. The in situ preparation of the reactive diaryliodonium(III) carboxylates is the important key to this approach, and the introduction of the trimethoxybenzene auxiliary enables both the smooth salt formations and the selective aryl transfer events during the couplings.magnified image
Nanoporous PbSe–SiO2 Thermoelectric Composites
Authors: Wu Chao‐Feng , Wei Tian‐Ran , Sun Fu‐Hua , Li Jing‐Feng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNanoporous architecture has long been predicted theoretically for its proficiency in suppressing thermal conduction, but less concerned as a practical approach for better thermoelectric materials hitherto probably due to its technical challenges. This article demonstrates a study on nanoporous PbSe–SiO2 composites fabricated by a facile method of mechanical alloying assisted by subsequent wet‐milling and then spark plasma sintering. Owing to the formation of random nanopores and additional interface scattering, the lattice thermal conductivity is limited to a value as low as 0.56 W m−1 K−1 at above 600 K, almost the same low level achieved by introducing nanoscale precipitates. Besides, the room‐temperature electrical transport is found to be dominated by the grain‐boundary potential barrier scattering, whose effect fades away with increasing temperatures. Consequently, a maximum ZT of 1.15 at 823 K is achieved in the PbSe + 0.7 vol% SiO2 composition with >20% increase in average ZT, indicating the great potential of nanoporous structuring toward high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
Conformationally Flexible Bis(9‐fluorenylidene)porphyrin Diradicaloids
Authors: Zhang Hejian , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Zeng Wangdong , Ding Jun , Wu Jishan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA stable 5,10‐bis(9‐fluorenylidene)porphyrin (Por‐Fl) diradicaloid was synthesized. It shows a quinoidal, saddle‐shaped geometry in the single crystal but can be thermally populated to a triplet diradical both in solution and in the solid state. Coordination with the Ni2+ ion (Por‐Fl‐Ni) does not significantly change the contorted conformation but reduces the singlet–triplet gap. Heat‐induced geometric change can explain the observed paramagnetic properties as well as unusual hysteresis in SQUID measurements. On the other hand, protonation (Por‐Fl‐2H+) dramatically changes the conformation while maintains the closed‐shell electronic structure. Our studies demonstrate how heat, coordination, and protonation affect the geometry, diradical character, and physical properties of conformationally flexible open‐shell singlet diradicaloids.
The Charge Transfer Approach to Heavier Main‐Group Element Radicals in Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Tan Gengwen , Li Jing , Zhang Li , Chen Chao , Zhao Yue , Wang Xinping , Song You , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Driess Matthias 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe CoII and FeII complexes 1Co and 1Fe with a coordinated phosphorus radical were easily obtained through a charge‐transfer approach from the MI precursors LMI(tol) (M=Co, Fe; L=CH(MeC=NDipp)2, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) to the diazafluorenylidene‐substituted phosphaalkene 1. Structural, magnetic, and computational studies on 1Co and 1Fe indicate a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the high‐spin MII ion and the phosphorus radical, resulting in a triplet and quartet ground state, respectively. Complexes 1Co and 1Fe are the first examples of phosphorus‐radical‐coordinated transition‐metal complexes synthesized by charge transfer, providing a new approach to access radicals of heavier main‐group elements.
Comparison of pristine and polyaniline‐grafted MWCNTs as conductive sensor elements for phase change materials: Thermal conductivity trend analysis
Authors: Halvaee Maryam , Didehban Khadijeh , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Ghaffari Mehdi , Ehsani Morteza , Saeb Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTPhase change materials (PCMs) function based on latent heat stored on or released from a substance over a slim temperature range. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polyaniline are important elements in sensor devices. In this work, pristine and polyaniline‐grafted MWCNTs (PANI‐g‐MWCNTs) were applied as conductive carbon‐based fillers to make PCMs based on paraffin. The attachment of PANI to the surface of MWCNTs was proved by Fourier transform Infrared analysis. Dispersion of MWCNTs in paraffin was studied by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. Heating and solidification of PCM nanocomposites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, while variation in nanostructure of PCMs during heating/solidification process was evaluated by rheological measurements. It was found that after 30 min of sonication, the samples filled with 1 wt % MWCNTs have melting and solidification temperatures of 29 and 42 °C, respectively. It was also found that PANI attachment to MWCNTs significantly changes thermal conductivity behavior of PCM nanocomposites. The developed MWCNTs‐based sensor elements responded sharply at low MWCNTs content, and experienced an almost steady trend in conductivity at higher contents, while PANI‐g‐MWCNTs sensor followed an inverse trend. This contradictory behavior brought insight for understanding the response of PCMs against thermal fluctuations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45389.
Composite nanofibrous microfiltration water filter
Authors: Zhang Cong , Wang Jia , Olah Andrew , Baer Eric 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTA novel environmentally friendly co‐extrusion and multiplication technology in combination with a water jet procedure was utilized to produce dual‐component fibrous filters. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) systems were selected as the filter materials. The orientation procedure was shown to greatly enhance the mechanical properties of the fibers as well as the filters. These filters were found to have micron‐size pores, high porosity, and high surface areas. Various physical treatments were applied on these filters which decrease the filter pore size. It was found that filter pore size decreased to 0.2 μm and the mechanical properties were enhanced. Water flux tests and microparticle separation tests were performed on these filters to evaluate their microfiltration behavior. PVDF/HDPE filters exhibit high water flux with low pressure requirement, making them good candidates for microfiltration water filters. In addition, the PVDF/HDPE filters exhibit high separation efficiencies 90% on 1 μm particles, 96% on 2 μm particles, and 99% on 5 and 10 μm particles. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45557.
Hydrolyzed collagen‐grafted‐poly[(acrylic acid)‐co‐(methacrylic acid)] hydrogel for drug delivery
Authors: Noppakundilograt Supaporn , Choopromkaw Sopinya , Kiatkamjornwong Suda 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTHydrolyzed collagen‐grafted‐poly[(acrylic acid)‐co‐(methacrylic acid)] hydrogels were synthesized by solution polymerization and confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. From sequential univariate analysis, the optimal molar ratio of acrylic acid: methacrylic acid was 92:8 in the presence of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide, ammonium persulfate, and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine at 0.12, 0.015, and 0.2% mol of the monomers, respectively. The water absorbency of this hydrogel was both pH‐ and temperature‐dependent, but was higher in nonbuffered water than in boric acid/citric acid/phosphate buffer under the same conditions. The optimal hydrogel could swiftly swell and deswell in neutral and acid solutions, respectively. Its potential application in drug delivery was examined using insulin and methylene blue as model payload drugs. Loading in a 50% (v v−1) ethanol solution gave a higher insulin loading level than in the buffer water. Insulin and methylene blue were both released at pH 6.8 but not at pH 1.2, but followed first order kinetics and the Higuchi equation, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45654.