bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustered brachiopod Hox genes are not expressed collinearly and are associated with lophotrochozoan novelties
Authors: Schiemann Sabrina M. , Martín-Durán José M. , Børve Aina , Vellutini Bruno C. , Passamaneck Yale J. , Hejnol Andreas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTemporal collinearity is often regarded as the force preserving Hox clusters in vertebrate genomes. Studies that combine genomic and gene expression data in invertebrates would allow generalizing this observation across all animals, but are scarce, particularly within Lophotrochozoa (e.g., snails and segmented worms). Here, we use two brachiopod species –Terebratalia transversa,Novocrania anomala– to characterize the complement, cluster and expression of their Hox genes.T. transversahas an ordered, split cluster with ten genes (lab,pb,Hox3,dfd,scr,lox5,antp,lox4,post2,post1), whileN. anomalahas nine (missingpost1). Ourin situhybridization, qPCR and stage specific transcriptomic analyses show that brachiopod Hox genes are neither strictly temporally nor spatially collinear; onlypb(inT. transversa),Hox3anddfd(in both brachiopods) show staggered mesodermal expression. The spatial expression of the Hox genes in both brachiopod species correlates with their morphology and demonstrates cooption of Hox genes in the chaetae and shell fields, two major lophotrochozoan morphological novelties. The shared and specific expression of a subset of Hox genes,ArxandZicorthologs in chaetae and shell-fields between brachiopods, mollusks, and annelids supports the deep conservation of the molecular basis forming these lophotrochozoan hallmarks. Our findings challenge that collinearity alone preserves lophotrochozoan Hox clusters, indicating that additional genomic traits need to be considered in understanding Hox evolution.
The CD4+ T cell regulatory network mediates inflammatory responses during acute hyperinsulinemia: a simulation study
Authors: Martinez-Sanchez M.E. , Hiriart M. , Alvarez-Buylla E. R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObesity is linked to insulin resistance, high insulin levels, chronic inflammation, and alterations in the behavior of CD4+ T cells. Despite the biomedical importance of this condition, the system-level mechanisms that alter CD4+ T cell differentiation and plasticity are not well understood. We model how hyperinsulinemia alters the dynamics of the CD4+ T regulatory network, and this, in turn, modulates cell differentiation and plasticity. Different polarizing micro-environments are simulated under basal and high levels of insulin to assess impacts on cell-fate attainment and robustness in response to transient perturbations. In the presence of high levels of insulin Th1 and Th17 become more stable to transient perturbations and their basin sizes are augmented, IL10 producing regulatory T cells become less stable or disappear, while TGFB producing cells remain unaltered. Hence, the model provides a dynamic system-level explanation for the documented apparently paradoxical role of TGFB in both inflammation and regulation of immune responses and the emergence of the adipose Treg phenotype. Furthermore, our simulations provide novel predictions on the impact of the micro-environment in the coexistence of the different cell types, proposing that in pro-Th1, pro-Th2 and pro-Th17 environments effector and regulatory cells can coexist, but that high levels of insulin severely affect regulatory cells, specially in a pro-Th17 environment. This work provides a system-level formal and dynamic framework to integrate further experimental data in the study of complex inflammatory diseases.
Linking comparative genomics and environmental distribution patterns of microbial populations through metagenomics
Authors: Delmont Tom O. , Eren A. Murat 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCombining well-established practices from comparative genomics and the emerging opportunities from assembly-based metagenomics can enhance the utility of increasing number of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Here we used protein clustering to characterize 48 MAGs and 10 cultivars based on their entire gene content, and linked this information to their environmental distribution patterns to better understand the microbial response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico coastline. Our results suggest that while most oil-associated bacterial populations originated from the ocean, a few actually emerged from the sand rare biosphere. These new findings suggest that there are considerable benefits to employ approaches from comparative genomics to study the whole content of newly identified genomes, and the investigation of emerging patterns in the environmental context can augment the efficacy of assembly-based metagenomic surveys.
Intrinsic functional architecture of the macaque dorsal and ventral lateral frontal cortex
Authors: Goulas Alexandros , Stiers Peter , Hutchison R. Matthew , Everling Stefan , Petrides Michael , Margulies Daniel S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvestigations of the cellular and connectional organization of the lateral frontal cortex (LFC) of the macaque monkey provide indispensable knowledge for generating hypotheses about the human LFC. However, despite numerous investigations, there are still debates on the organization of this brain region. In vivo neuroimaging techniques such as resting-state fMRI can be used to define the functional circuitry of brain areas producing results largely consistent with gold-standard invasive tract-tracing techniques and offering the opportunity for cross-species comparison within the same modality. Our results using resting-state fMRI from macaque monkeys to uncover the intrinsic functional architecture of the LFC corroborate previous findings and inform current debates. Specifically, we show that i) the region in the midline and anterior to the superior arcuate sulcus is divided in two areas separated by the posterior supraprincipal dimple; ii) the cytoarchitectonically defined area 6DC/F2 contains two connectional divisions; and, iii) a distinct area occupies the cortex around the spur of the arcuate, updating what was previously proposed to be the border between dorsal and ventral motor/premotor areas. Within the ventral LFC specifically, the derived parcellation clearly suggests the presence of distinct areas i) with a somatomotor/orofacial connectional signature (putative area 44), ii) with an occulomotor connectional signature (putative frontal eye fields), and iii) premotor areas possibly hosting laryngeal and arm representations. Our results illustrate in detail the intrinsic functional architecture of the macaque LFC, thus providing valuable evidence for debates on its organization.
Genetic and transcriptional analysis of human host response to healthy gut microbiome
Authors: Richards Allison L. , Burns Michael B. , Alazizi Adnan , Barreiro Luis B. , Pique-Regi Roger , Blekhman Ran , Luca Francesca 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMany studies have demonstrated the importance of the gut microbiome in healthy and disease states. However, establishing the causality of host-microbiome interactions in humans is still challenging. Here, we describe a novel experimental system to define the transcriptional response induced by the microbiome in human cells and to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying host-gut microbiome interactions. In primary human colonic epithelial cells, we identified over 6,000 genes that change expression at various time points following co-culturing with the gut microbiome of a healthy individual. The differentially expressed genes are enriched for genes associated with several microbiome-related diseases, such as obesity and colorectal cancer. In addition, our experimental system allowed us to identify 87 host SNPs that show allele-specific expression in 69 genes. Furthermore, for 12 SNPs in 12 different genes, allele-specific expression is conditional on the exposure to the microbiome. Of these 12 genes, eight have been associated with diseases linked to the gut microbiome, specifically colorectal cancer, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Our study demonstrates a scalable approach to study host-gut microbiome interactions and can be used to identify putative mechanisms for the interplay between host genetics and microbiome in health and disease.
Management education: reflective learning on human interaction
Authors: Clydesdale Greg 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to describe an attempt to develop a more effective technique to teach self-awareness and relationship skills.

Design/methodology/approach
A journal is used in combination with a model of human nature. The model lists human characteristics that the management trainee must identify in themselves and others they interact with. Students kept a journal and analysed their interactions in reference to a list of human characteristics.

Findings
Initial plans were disrupted by an earthquake. Analysis in the first journal instalments was limited and students regularly found negative characteristics in colleagues. Feedback was given and the second instalment showed greater quality of analysis. Students regularly found and showed understanding of the characteristics in themselves and others. They also put more thought in to how to manage those traits. The model provided a solution to the problems of marking reflective journals.

Practical implications
A key limitation of this approach is the difference in opinion that may exist between academics as to what characteristics managers should look for in themselves and others. There may be substantial divergence on this.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to management education by suggesting a method for enhancing both relationship skills and self-awareness. Problems in assessing reflection essays and journals can be overcome by grading their knowledge and understanding of the human characteristics.
Authentic leadership for teacher’s academic optimism
Authors: Srivastava Anugamini Priya , Dhar Rajib Lochan 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis study aims to analyse the impact of authentic leadership (AL) on academic optimism (AO) through the mediating role of affective commitment (AC). As this study also examines the moderating role of training comprehensiveness (TC) in strengthening the relation between AC and AO.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from school teachers and their immediate principal and were further analysed through confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis.FindingsData analysis provided significant support to the hypotheses presented in the study. AC partially mediated the link between AL and AO, and TC moderated the linkage between AC and AO significantly.Originality/valueThis study provides novel basis to improve the overall functioning of schools and teachers’ performance. It provides ways to improve the overall AO in Indian schools.
Relationship between good governance and integrity system
Authors: Said Jamaliah , Alam Md. Mahmudul , Khalid Maizatul Akmar 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis study aims to measure the relationship between the current practice status of good governance and that of integrity in the public sector of Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis study collected primary data based on a set of questionnaire surveys among heads of 109 departments and agencies under 24 federal ministries, including the Prime Minister Department in Malaysia. The data were analyzed under descriptive statistics, ordinal regression and structural equation model. Furthermore, standard diagnostic tests were also conducted to check the reliability of the data and models.FindingsAmong the factors of good governance, practices of strategic planning, audit and fraud control have statistically significant positive relationship with the practices of integrity in the public sector of Malaysia. Moreover, the practices of strategic alliance and fraud control significantly contribute to determine the integrity practices in the public sector of Malaysia. Therefore, the practices of strategic alliance, strategic planning, audit and fraud control must be given significant attention to improve the integrity system.Originality/valueThis study is an attempt to measure the relationship between the current practice status of good governance and that of integrity in the public sector of Malaysia. The findings of the study will help policymakers improve the reliability and efficiency of the public sector in Malaysia and in other countries.
Re-counting the determinant factors of human development: a review of the literature
Authors: Oladapo Ibrahim Abiodun , Ab Rahman Asmak 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the basic determinant factors of human development using the theory ofMaqasid al Shari’ah(TMS). It also identifies relevant demographic variables that may likely moderate the relationship among the identified factors.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth review of the TMS and human capital theory literature was conducted, with a specific attention on their impact to human development.FindingsThe extensive review of the relevant literature shows that human development is not only determined by education, health, income, human rights and social justice but also influenced by some demographic variables like educational attainment and gender composition.Originality/valueThis paper is a novel attempt whereby an extensive review on the factors of human development is conducted using TMS and identifying the narrowness in the existing framework. The paper will help researchers to better their understanding in this context. It will also provide the policymakers with adequate information on the important factors of human development with the aim to chart a comprehensive policy direction.
Heterogeneity in entrepreneurial intent: the role of gender across countries
Authors: Micozzi Alessandra , Lucarelli Caterina 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to improve knowledge of individual heterogeneity in affecting the entrepreneurial attitude, taking socioeconomic drivers under control thanks to a cross-country analysis. The authors operate a “selection” of proxy for individual heterogeneity, mainly based on gender, demographical features, personal attitude and intrinsic motivation.Design/methodology/approachThis exploration is supported by an empirical analysis based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), for the period 2001-2012, and for a selection of 37 countries. It is expected that gender and further individual variables have an impact on the probability to become a nascent entrepreneur (e.g. age, level of education, self-confidence, social perception of self-employment as career choice). This paper evaluates the degree of consistency of these variables across very dissimilar countries.FindingsGender and confidence on own skill play a significant and consistent effect on the entrepreneurial attitude, so these personal features are,per se, the driving-strength of entrepreneurial intent. Conversely, fear of failure and belief on the status are not always statistically significant, or not homogenous in their relationship: socioeconomic or country-specific characteristics are strong and sort out in an unpredictable relationship between these variables and the willingness to run new ventures.Research limitations/implicationsA limited selection of individual features constrained by availability of information from the GEM data set.Practical implicationsThe motivation of this paper is to focus-back attention on intra-individual features that may affect entrepreneurship and to support evidence of whether individual heterogeneity is able to affect the entrepreneurial attitude, taking socioeconomic drivers under control.Social implicationsAn institutional and political commitment should be intensified to reduce the waste of opportunities that is associated with any forms of self-exclusion from entrepreneurship, such as those based on gender (being women) or (low) self-esteem.Originality/valueDue to the “individual” perspective, this paper adds to previous studies that exploited the GEM data set because they mostly follow an institutional conceptual framework.
Health planning through Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees
Authors: Kumar Virendra , Mishra Anindya Jayanta , Verma Sonia 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide systematic empirical evidence on the health planning through Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNCs) in India.Design/methodology/approach– A micro-level study was carried out using qualitative study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 105 respondents selected from 42 VHSNC sites. A thematic analytical framework approach was used to analyse the data.Findings– The research results indicate that VHSNCs are playing a significant role in health planning. However, the committee meetings are not organised by the committee members on the regular basis. Most of the VHSNC members do not make village health plans. There are some challenges associated with the functioning of VHSNCs like insufficient resources, lack of people’s interest, insignificant attention and the unfair behaviour of thePanchayati Rajleaders.Practical implications– The implications of the findings suggest that VHSNCs play a significant role in health planning. However, the leadership is ineffective due to their partial capabilities and approach that generate non-conducive environment. Studies of such nature will be helpful for policy makers in understanding the current situation and micro-level picture of VHSNC and also in analysing it in the existing health system.Originality/value– VHSNC functions with a broader concern and cover range of social determinants at the village level. This study provides empirical evidence on the VHSNCs as lowest part of the health system.
Improving health care costing with resource consumption accounting
Authors: Ozyapici Hasan , Tanis Veyis Naci 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences between a traditional costing system (TCS) and resource consumption accounting (RCA) based on a case study carried out in a hospital.

Design/methodology/approach
– A descriptive case study was first carried out to identify the current costing system of the case hospital. An exploratory case study was then conducted to reveal how implementing RCA within the case hospital assigns costs differently to gallbladder surgeries than the current costing system (i.e. a TCS).

Findings
– The study showed that, in contrast to a TCS, RCA considers the unused capacity, which is the difference between the work that can be performed based on current resources and the work that is actually being performed. Therefore, it assigns lower total costs to open and laparoscopic gallbladder surgeries. The study also showed that by separating costs into fixed and variable RCA allows managers to benefit from a pricing strategy based on the difference between the service’s selling price and variable costs incurred in providing that service.

Research limitations/implications
– The limitation of this study is that, because of time constraints, the implementation was performed in the general surgery department only. However, since RCA is an advanced system that has the same application procedures for any department inside in a hospital, managers need only time gaps to implement this system to all parts of the hospital.

Practical implications
– This study concluded that RCA is better than a TCS for use in health care settings that have high overhead costs because it accurately assigns overhead costs to services by considering unused capacities incurred by a hospital. Consequently, this study provides insight into both measuring and managing unused capacities within the health care sector. This study also concluded that RCA helps health care administrators increase their competitive advantage by allowing them to determine the lowest service price.

Originality/value
– Since the literature review found no study comparing RCA with TCS in a real-life health care setting, little is known about differences arising from applying these systems in this context. Thus, the current study fills this gap in the literature by comparing RCA with TCS for both open and laparoscopic gallbladder surgeries.
Empirically testing some factors affecting HMS usage
Authors: Caccia-Bava Maria do Carmo , Guimaraes Valerie C.K. , Guimaraes Tor 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– Without use the expected benefits from healthcare management systems (HMS) cannot be derived. Thus, while use alone may not guarantee success, one can safely assume that the more use the better. HMS has been instrumental in facilitating care providers’ work. However, many hospitals have encountered usage problems and some user-related factors have been recognized in the literature as potentially important to make HMS more successful. The purpose of this paper is to test the importance of the factors proposed in the literature as important determinants of HMS usage measured by the number of hours used and the frequency of use.Design/methodology/approach– Several user-related variables such as user participation, user expertise, and user training previously studied separately by different authors are brought together into an integrated model to be tested empirically. Data from 213 nurses using their hospital HMS have been used to test proposed relationships between the independent variables and HMS usage results.Findings– The results confirm the importance of these factors and provide the basis for managerial recommendations. Hospital managers can use the resources validated by this study to improve their own operations and improve the likelihood of success implementing HMS. Future research projects may identify other possible factors important for HMS implementation success to improve the model proposed here.Originality/value– HMS is a very widely used and an important system for hospitals, but has been neglected in research. This is one of the first rigorous studies of HMS, and the results provide new practical insights for hospital administrators.
Assessing the relationship between patient safety culture and EHR strategy
Authors: Ford Eric W. , Silvera Geoffrey A. , Kazley Abby S , Diana Mark L. , Huerta Timothy R 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between hospitals’ electronic health record (EHR) adoption characteristics and their patient safety cultures. The “Meaningful Use” (MU) program is designed to increase hospitals’ adoption of EHR, which will lead to better care quality, reduce medical errors, avoid unnecessary cost, and promote a patient safety culture. To reduce medical errors, hospital leaders have been encouraged to promote safety cultures common to high-reliability organizations. Expecting a positive relationship between EHR adoption and improved patient safety cultures appears sound in theory, but it has yet to be empirically demonstrated.

Design/methodology/approach
– Providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture and counts of patient safety incidents are explored in relationship to hospital EHR adoption patterns. Multi-level modeling is employed to data drawn from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s surveys on patient safety culture (level 1) and the American Hospital Association’s survey and healthcare information technology supplement (level 2).

Findings
– The findings suggest that the early adoption of EHR capabilities hold a negative association to the number of patient safety events reported. However, this relationship was not present in providers’ perceptions of overall patient safety cultures. These mixed results suggest that the understanding of the EHR-patient safety culture relationship needs further research.

Originality/value
– Relating EHR MU and providers’ care quality attitudes is an important leading indicator for improved patient safety cultures. For healthcare facility managers and providers, the ability to effectively quantify the impact of new technologies on efforts to change organizational cultures is important for pinpointing clinical areas for process improvements.