bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of winter food quality and its variability for red deer in forest environment: overwintering enclosures vs. free-ranging areas
Authors: Holá Michaela , Ježek Miloš , Kušta Tomáš , Červený Jaroslav 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPopulations of European ungulates have grown substantially over recent decades, resulting in considerable environmental and socio-economic impacts. Availability and quality of natural and supplemental food sources are among the main factors driving their population dynamics. Detailed knowledge of food quality of management-targeted species is therefore of primary importance for their successful management. The main aim of this study was to evaluate winter food quality and its variability for an important ungulate species in the Czech Republic - i.e. red deer, using faecal indices (faecal nitrogen, faecal acid detergent fibre, faecal neutral detergent fibre) and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. We compared food quality for red deer and its possible differences between overwintering enclosures (i.e. fenced areas where red deer spend harsh winter conditions) and neighbouring unfenced free-ranging areas within two study areas. The results obtained showed that winter food quality and its variability for red deer are of different quality and variability in the overwintering enclosure and neighbouring free-ranging area. The observed differences in concentrations and amounts of variation of faecal indices are most probably related to animal densities at individual study areas. Wildlife managers should therefore keep animals in overwintering enclosures at moderate densities and to provide high quality forage to all individuals in order to balance nutrition of both the individuals inside and outside the enclosures. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in order to provide deeper knowledge on red deer food quality and its variability in space and time.
Chebyshev Distance
Authors: Coghetto Roland 
Published: December 2016

Summary
In [21], Marco Riccardi formalized that ℝN-basis n is a basis (in the algebraic sense defined in [26]) of

ℰ
T
n

${\cal E}_T^n $

and in [20] he has formalized that

ℰ
T
n

${\cal E}_T^n $

is second-countable, we build (in the topological sense defined in [23]) a denumerable base of

ℰ
T
n

${\cal E}_T^n $

.
Then we introduce the n-dimensional intervals (interval in n-dimensional Euclidean space, pavé (borné) de ℝ
n
[16], semi-intervalle (borné) de ℝ
n
[22]).
We conclude with the definition of Chebyshev distance [11].
Conservation assessment of the endemic plants from Kosovo
Authors: Millaku Fadil , Krasniqi Elez , Berisha Naim , Rexhepi Ferat 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Sixteen endemic plant taxa were selected from Kosovo, according to the IUCN standards and for each taxon the risk assessment and threat category has been assigned. The taxa were compared with their previous status from fifteen years ago. From sixteen plant taxa, which were included in this work, four are Balkan endemics, whereas, eight of them are local endemics and four of the taxa are stenoendemics. Six of the taxa are grown exclusively on serpentine soils, five of them on limestone substrate, four of them in carbonate substrate, yet only one in silicate substrate. The work has been done based on the standard working methodologies of the IUCN (Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria – Version 8.1). The most threatened plant taxa is Solenanthus krasniqii – which after its observance has only 20 mature individuals. As a result of the wild collection of the medicinal and aromatic plants, from the local population, Sideritis scardica is about to be completely go extinct. The aim of this study was to assess the state of endemics in the threats possessed to them during the previous times, present and predicting the trends for the upcoming years.
Correlations between sportsmen’s morpho-functional measurements and voice acoustic variables
Authors: Rexhepi Agron M. , Brestovci Behlul 
Published: December 2016

PurposeSince human voice characteristics are specific to each individual, numerous anthropological studies have been oriented to find significant relationships between voice and morpho-functional features. The goal of this study was to identify the correlation between seven morpho-functional variables and six voice acoustic parameters in sportsmen.MethodsFollowing the protocols of the International Biological Program, seven morpho-functional variables and six voice acoustic parameters have been measured in 88 male professional athletes from Kosovo, aged 17–35 years, during the period of April–October 2013. The statistical analysis was accomplished through the SPSS program, version 20. The obtained data were analysed through descriptive parameters and with Spearman’s method of correlation analysis.ResultsSpearman’s method of correlation showed significant negative correlations (<i>R</i> = –0.215 to –0.613; <i>p</i> = 0.05) between three voice acoustic variables of the fundamental frequency of the voice sample (Mean, Minimum, and Maximum Pitch) and six morpho-functional measures (Body Height, Body Weight, Margaria-Kalamen Power Test, Sargent Jump Test, Pull-up Test, and VO<sub>2max</sub>.abs).ConclusionsThe significant correlations imply that the people with higher stature have longer vocal cords and a lower voice. These results encourage investigations on predicting sportsmen’s functional abilities on the basis of their voice acoustic parameters.
Improving the Creative Thinking of Talented Knowledge Workers and Managers in Polish and French Enterprises
Authors: Bartkowiak Grażyna , Krugiełka Agnieszka 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The study considers the issue of creative and participatory activities of employees in the organization in the context of the changing socio-economic expectations, forcing employees, teams and executives to innovative activities. The planned research seeks an answer to the question: What factors attributable to the organization can help to improve the working conditions of knowledge workers classified as “talent”, teams of such employees and managers in charge of the work of outstanding employee teams in Poland and France? In order to answer such a question a questionnaire was developed (and subsequently validated) adjusted for purposes of the research and questionnaire research was conducted on a sample of 142 Polish workers in 23 medium-small enterprises, 84 employees from 10 companies in France. Workers considered to be particularly talented in both in Poland and France stressed in the first place the need of approval of deviating from accepted standards of work style by the entrepreneurs and board members. Members of the outstanding teams in somewhat greater number in France than in Poland (the variance obtained a criterion for statistical significance) pointed to the “favorable personnel policy” and the ability to obtain additional compensation for an above-average job. In the group of Polish managers “more autonomy” was clearly accentuated in the workplace (the French differed significantly from the Poles in terms of statistics) and already cited “favorable personnel policy”. The latter category was also nominated by the bulk of the French managers.
Further Nomenclatural Changes Regarding Peruvian Endemics
Authors: Molinari-Novoa Eduardo Antonio 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The nomenclature of eight species of Peruvian endemic plants from six genera (Arenaria L., Calceolaria L., Erigeron L., Pycnophyllum J. Rémy, Pycnophyllopsis Skottsb., Schizotrichia Benth.) is reviewed, and the corresponding changes are proposed. Additionally, lectotypes for Pycnophyllum peruvianum Muschl. and P. macrophyllum Muschl. are selected, and conservation assessments are provided for all species.
Contribution to the Bryoflora of Australia. VI. The Genus Cololejeunea (Spruce) Steph. (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta)
Authors: Pócs Tamás 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThirty-eight species of the genus Cololejeunea (Spruce) Steph. (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) are reported for the whole of Australia, more than doubling the number of taxa known since the first account of the Australian members of the genus. Cololejeunea cairnsiana Pócs, Cololejeunea heinari Pócs and Cololejeunea floccosa var. fraseriana Pócs are described as new to science. The records of Cololejeunea diaphana A. Evans, Cololejeunea gottschei (Steph.) Mizut., Cololejeunea longifolia (Mitt.) Benedix ex Mizut. Cololejeunea verrucosa Steph. and Cololejeunea floccosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Steph. var. amoenoides Tixier are new for the continent. Cololejeunea amoena Benedix is treated as a variety of Cololejeunea floccosa. Cololejeunea tortifolia Steph. is synonymized with Cololejeunea microscopica (Taylor) Schiffn. and is excluded from the Australian flora. The name Cololejeunea cambodiana Tixier is validated. A key for the Australian taxa and an analysis of their distribution follow the enumeration of species.
Exegesis ou "Ele está no meio de nós"
Authors: - Universidade Nova de Lisboa Jorge Martins Rosa 
Published: December 2016

Apesar do seu estatuto de género (literário e cinematográfico) algo desprezado, a ficção científica – em particular em anos mais recentes como é visível pelo percurso que vai de Neuromancer à trilogia cinematográfica The Matrix – tem servido de mediador entre os campos aparentemente inconciliáveis da tecnociência e da religião, constituindo-se assim como componente fundamental da cibercultura. Deve contudo averiguar-se o quanto essas ligações recuam a um período bastante anterior. É esse o objectivo deste artigo; embora restringindo a sua análise a apenas um autor, Philip K. Dick, a sua relevância provém do duplo facto de ser um nome incontornável do género e de se servir – particularmente nas suas últimas obras – de noções próximas da teoria da informação.
DNA sequence variation in the fruit tree Inga inicuil (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) from contrasting altitude distinguishes two different species
Authors: Pulido-Salas Ma. Teresa P. , González Dolores , Pérez-Vázquez Arturo , Lorea-Hernández Francisco 
Published: December 2016

Background: Inga inicuil is a leguminous tree in Veracruz, Mexico whose fruits are locally commercialized. One taxonomic hypothesis suggests that I. inicuil is a species with a wide altitudinal range, while another segregates I. paterno from I. inicuil by altitude and morphology. The aim of this study was to explore variation in non-coding regions from the chloroplast and nuclear genomes within individuals of I. inicuil from contrasting altitude.
Hypothesis: Phylogenetic analyses with sequence data would separate exemplars of I. inicuil in two different species and as the case with other metabolites, the sugar content in the sarcotesta would vary with altitude.
Studied species: Inga inicuil
Study site: The mountainous region of Coatepec and the coastal region of Tolome and San Pancho in Veracruz, Mexico.
Methods: Representative individuals of I. inicuil were selected from localities with contrasting altitude. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference approaches were used for phylogenetic analyses with sequence data from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and trn L-F. Sugar content in ripe fruit was measured using a refractometer.
Results: Sugar content was not related to altitude or with sequence variation. However, sequences from the trn L-F revealed an insertion/deletion of approximately 309 nucleotides present only in trees growing at the coastal plain. Phylogenetic analyses with sequence data support the hypothesis that I. inicuil and I. paterno are two different species.
Conclusions: The remarkable differences of sequence data from the trn L-F within the species make necessary further research increasing taxon sampling along with its distribution range for clarifying its taxonomy.
Authors: Gandha Gutama Indra , Nurcipto Dedi 
Published: December 2016

The rising of water pollutant level leads to the rising of nitrogen level in water ecosystem. It triggers eutrophication phenomenon that harmful for water ecosystem. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is the solution to resolve the water pollution problem. Controlling the nitrogen level is not an easy task, due unpredictable microorganism behavior in biological reactors. This research utilizes BSM1 simulator model to simulates the control strategy of nitrate level. The manipulation of internal recirculation is the method to control nitrogen level. The Fuzzy PID-based nitrate controller produces less nitrogen and ammonia than PID-based nitrate controller. The proposed control strategy succeeded in reducing nitrogen and ammonia level by 0.17 mg N/l (0.99%) and 0.1 mg N/l (3.4%). The level of energy consumption also decreased by 193 kWh in 14 days
Upscaled Pseudoporosity Estimated From Seismic-Acoustic-Impedance Volume Can Effectively Predict Gas Fingering in a Dynamic Model: A Gas-Injection Case Study
Authors: Namdarian Fatemeh , Taghanaki Morteza Aghababaee , Hashemi Abolfazl 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Gas injection in an unsaturated carbonate reservoir that is in southwest Iran started in 2009, and, by use of the original dynamic model, the gas breakthrough would not have happened earlier than 2017. However, the gas/oil ratio (GOR) in some wells increased rapidly before the anticipated time, and the real-field data show different behaviors of gas breakthrough in different wells.
The 3D geocellular grid obtained from the acoustic-impedance volume was applied to the dynamic model, and by making the size of the cells smaller, heterogeneity was identified as the most-important factor in modeling and monitoring the gas movement from the injected wells toward the production wells. On the basis of the new upscaling, two dynamic models were constructed. The original model had 267,000 grid cells, and the new ones have 1,120,000 and 2,400,000 grid cells, respectively. Running the new models illustrated the gas breakout from some wells mostly through one layer of the reservoir. Because effective porosity was estimated by collocated co-Kriging of well data with seismic porosity (upscaled pseudoporosity), vuggy-porosity distribution in this layer is correctly predicted, given that a karstic volume has been detected in some parts of the reservoir, the boundary of which has been defined by seismic data, and the crossplots of neutron porosity with acoustic impedence validate the reliability of this karstic zone. The results show various types of vuggy porosity that mostly govern the productivity of the wells in this reservoir. However, two main dissolution events in the reservoir can be recognized: early diagenetic dissolution that created secondary pores as intercrystaline/microporosity that are not significant in our reservoir; and a paleokarst event that generated secondary pores as molds and large vugs (up to 2 cm in size).
As a result of this study, both dynamic and static models were modified by use of pseudoporosity derived from seismic data as the best-known distributed heterogeneity in this field to predict the gas movement in the reservoir. On the basis of this modeling, new maximum efficient rates were defined for wells and the field-development strategy was reconsidered.
Determining Diffusion Coefficients for Carbon Dioxide Injection in Oil-Saturated Chalk by Use of a Constant-Volume-Diffusion Method
Authors: Ghasemi M.. , Astutik W.. , Alavian S. A. , Whitson C. H. , Sigalas L.. , Olsen D.. , Suicmez V. S. 
Published: December 2016

Summary
This paper presents a novel technique to determine multicomponent diffusion coefficients for carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in a North Sea chalk field (NSCF) in Norway at reservoir conditions. The constant-volume-diffusion (CVD) method is used, consisting of an oil-saturated-chalk core in contact with an overlying free space, which is filled with the CO2. The experimental data are matched with an equation-of-state (EOS) -based compositional model.
Transport by diffusion controls the dynamics of the constant-volume system and, together with phase equilibria, allows a consistent estimation of diffusion coefficients needed to describe the observed changes in system pressure.
We conduct two experiments at reservoir conditions: One uses a core plug saturated with live oil and the other with stock-tank oil (STO). Once the experiments are completed, EOS-based compositional simulation is performed to match the experimental data by use of the oil- and gas-diffusion coefficients as history-matching parameters. The modeling work is conducted with a commercial reservoir simulator by use of a 2D radial-grid model to describe the experimental setup.
The experiment uses an outcrop chalk core mounted in a vertically oriented core holder. The chalk is shorter than the core holder, thus resulting in an overlying void space. The system is initially saturated with oil at reservoir conditions. CO2 is then injected from the top, forming an overlying CO2 chamber and displacing oil toward the bottom of the core holder. Once CO2 fills the overlying bulk space, the system is isolated with no further injection or production.
The CO2 and oil reach and remain in equilibrium locally at the gas/oil interface throughout the test, beginning and maintaining the diffusion mechanism. Diffusion of CO2 into the oil results in a decreasing pressure, which is the main history-matching parameter.
The multicomponent diffusion coefficients are found to match the model pressure/time prediction to the experimental data. This suggests the modeling work flow incorporates a representative EOS model and the main transport dynamics controlled by diffusion are being treated properly.
Proper simulation of CO2 injection in fractured-chalk reservoirs requires the ability to model multicomponent diffusion accurately. The proposed CVD method provides such modeling capabilities. Our modeling and experimental work indicate the novelty of the CVD method to determine the diffusion coefficients of a system where diffusion is the dominant displacement mechanism. The fact that the oil is contained within a low-permeability-chalk sample reduces density-driven convection that could result because of nonmonotonic oil-density changes as CO2 dissolves into the oil.
Hydrocarbons Recovery From Model-Kerogen Nanopores
Authors: Bui Khoa , Yucel Akkutlu I.. 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Existing strategies for oil and gas recovery are designed on the basis of macroscopic properties of the produced hydrocarbon fluids. However, recent studies on source rocks revealed that properties of fluids stored in nanopores of the organic constituent material kerogen deviate from the bulk behavior. Hence, the traditional equation-of-state (EOS) and fluid-properties correlations are no longer applicable. This, in turn, leads to added uncertainties in hydrocarbon-in-place and recovery calculations for the source rocks that are rich in kerogen. In this paper, we seek to address the question at a fundamental level from the thermodynamics standpoint by simulating isothermal expansion of a quinary hydrocarbon mixture in a model nanopore under typical subsurface conditions, and measuring the fluid composition and amount. Molecular Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the equilibrium relationship between the bulk fluid at the outside of the pore and the remaining mixture inside during the stages of pressure depletion. The fluid stored in nanopores shows a composition that varies significantly with the pore size. The smaller the pore is, the heavier becomes the mixture that is in equilibrium with the bulk fluid. During the depletion, the small hydrocarbon molecules escape readily from the pores. The composition of the remaining fluid inside the pore thus becomes progressively heavier and viscous. We show that nanopore confinement significantly limits the release of hydrocarbon molecules from the pores with sizes smaller than 10 nm. For each hydrocarbon component, a strong correlation exists between molar fractions of the component in the produced fluid with that which remained inside the pore. This correlation can serve in future studies as the basis for establishing alternative methods for reservoir-engineering calculations, such as the ultimate recovery.
Phaeochromocytoma resection complicated by refractory pulmonary infiltrates and severe cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sivalingam Palvannan , Reyaldeen Reza , McKenzie Barton , Sampson Timothy 
Published: December 2016

SummaryWe present the case of a patient who underwent phaeochromocytoma resection that resulted in a protracted period of hospitalisation secondary to other complications. His tumour was complicated by catecholamine‐induced cardiomyopathy, haemodynamic instability, persistent pulmonary infiltrates and venous thrombosis. These issues necessitated prolonged hospitalisation and required the input of multiple medical and surgical specialities to ensure a successful outcome. His haemodynamic instability resulted in the use of multiple vasoactive agents and an intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP). This case illustrates the many complexities and complications associated with phaeochromocytomas, and the importance of pre‐operative planning and multi‐disciplinary collaboration.
Thermal Behavior of Cd During Sludge Incineration: Experiments and Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model
Authors: Liu Jingyong , Zhuo Zhongxu , Sun Shuiyu , Xie Wuming , Lu Shaoyou , Sun Jian , Kuo Jiahong , Yujie Wang 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT: Experiments and thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed to investigate the behavior of Cd during sewage sludge incineration. The chemical equilibrium calculations indicated that chlorine significantly increased the volatilization of Cd in the form of CdCl2. In addition, SiO2‐containing materials can function as sorbents for stabilizing Cd. The effect of PVC added to the sludge on the migration of Cd in the sludge was greater than that of NaCl. As the temperature increased, both organic and inorganic chlorides reduced the Cd distribution in the bottom ash. The chloride concentration, and the incineration time exhibited insignificant changes in Cd emission. With the addition of either NaCl or PVC into the sludge, the phases of Cd present in the bottom slag were primarily present in the form of silica‐alumina oxides or multi‐metal oxide, which could inhabit the Cd volatilization.
Development of a Simplified Model for Completely Mixed Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Sarkar Sushovan , Mazumder Debabrata 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT: A simplified model for the completely mixed biofilm process formulated correlations between entering and exiting substrate concentrations, average substrate flux in the biofilm and effective biofilm thickness. The model essentially considered the substrate mass transport into the biofilm as per Fick's second law and steady state substrate as well as biomass balance for biofilm. The numerical solution of the biofilm model involved evaluation of the average flux along with exiting substrate concentration and application of the Runge‐Kutta method for determining the effective biofilm thickness. Accordingly, two computer programs were developed for the sake of quick solution. The solution model was successfully applied in several cases with varying range of representative input variables. The model performance was compared with available existing methods and validated with the experimental results. It was found as an easy, accurate and fast method that can be used for process design.