bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of a novel phage P785, its combination with thermal processing for the biocontrol of Escherichia coli in milk
Authors: Yin Hongmei , Wang Jinli , Zou Likou , Liang Anjian , Zhu Chenglin , Fu Yu , Chen Juan , Tang Junni 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEscherichia coli is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. In food industry, heat treatment is the most commonly used means of sterilization. Bacteriophage is a new type of antibacterial agent. The combination of heat stable bacteriophage and heat treatment technology to control E. coli pollution in food is a new antibacterial method. A bacteriophage P785 capable of cleaving E. coli was isolated in this study. P785 belongs to the myxoviridae family. It could cleave 21 strains of bacteria, with a cleavage capacity of 83 PFU/cell, and the optimal multiple of infection (MOI) was 0.01. It has good tolerance to high temperature, pH, ultraviolet radiation (UV), and four organic reagents. No genes encoding virulence were found in the whole genome. When P785 (MOI = 10,000) was added to milk combined with heat treatment (55°C, 30 min), the number of host bacteria was less than 1 lg (CFU/mL) in 0–15 days under the storage condition of 4°C, and no host bacteria survived in 30 days. The results showed that P785 had a good killing effect on E. coli, and its combination with thermal processing could reduce the thermal processing temperature and prolong the shelf life of food.
Performance Study of Microbial Electrolysis Cell Treatment of Sulfate‐Containing Wastewater Under Flow Conditions
Authors: Pan Yubing , Xiang Junping , Li Yanan , Jiang Qing , Shi Ke , Cheng Dongle , Qiao Yanlu , Wang Bo , Xue Jianliang , Lu Jianjiang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMicrobial electrolysis cells (MECs) can effectively treat sulfate‐containing wastewater, but biocathode microorganisms, such as sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), are susceptible to environmental influences. In practical wastewater treatment, the flow of water in the reactor generates shear forces that directly impact the growth and structure of the biofilm, which leads to changes in MEC efficacy. However, the sulfate reduction efficacy and biofilm community structure changes in MEC reactors under flow conditions have yet to be adequately evaluated. In this study, two‐chamber SRB biocathode MECs were constructed under flow conditions (experimental group [EG]) and stationary conditions (control group [CG]). The sulfate reduction rates of CG and EG were stable and reached 88.9% and 84.45%, respectively. The output voltage and current density of EG were similar to those of CG, indicating that the MEC could operate stably under flow conditions. The community structure of the biocathode indicated a high relative abundance of Desulfomicrobium from EG, which promoted the dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathway. This information reveals the potential of flow in improving the performance of MECs in treating sulfate‐containing wastewater.
A practical approach to building a calcareous nannofossil knowledge graph
Authors: Zhao Hongyi , Hu Bin , Ma Chao , Jiang Shijun , Zhang Yi , Li Xin , Chen Lirong , Cai Can , Ye Longgang , Zhou Shengjian , Wang Chengshan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFollowing sustained development, numerous palaeontology databases and datasets of various types have been created. However, the lack of a unified standard language to describe knowledge and unclear sharing mechanisms between different databases and datasets has limited the large‐scale integration and application of paleontological data. The knowledge graph, as a key technology for semantic translation and data fusion, offers a possible solution to these challenges. Given the potential of knowledge graphs to overcome these obstacles, this paper presents a practical approach to express paleontological knowledge in a knowledge graph via the resource description framework language. By delving into the structured data associated with calcareous nannofossil biozones (the UC zone, CC zone and NC zone), we propose an ontology to describe the semantic units and logical relationships of paleontological biozones and species and then integrate relevant species records from unstructured research reports to construct a knowledge graph for calcareous nannofossils, that integrates multisource paleobiological data and knowledge reconstruction. Our focus lies in detailing the technical aspects of constructing a paleontological knowledge graph. The results demonstrate that knowledge graphs can integrate semistructured and unstructured paleontological data from various sources. This work aims to assist palaeontologists in building and utilizing knowledge graphs, serving as an initial effort for future paleontological knowledge reasoning.
Forage yield and nutritive value of plantain and chicory for livestock feed at high altitudes in Peru
Authors: Vallejos‐Fernández Luis A. , Guillén Ricardo , Pinares‐Patiño César , García‐Ticllacuri Rubén , Muñoz‐Vilchez Yudith Y. , Quilcate Carlos , Alvarez‐García Wuesley Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of forage resources is vital for the sustainability of livestock farming in the South American Andes, especially under conditions of low water availability for irrigation and acid soils.MethodsWe evaluated the productivity and nutritive value of two cultivars of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and one of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) in three high‐altitude sites (AL) of the northern highlands of Peru: AL‐I: 2300–2800 m.a.s.l, AL‐II: 2801–3300 m.a.s.l. and AL‐III: 3301–3800 m.a.s.l., for 1 year. The parameters evaluated were dry matter yield (DMY), plant height (PH), growth rate (GR) and nutritional value.ResultsPlantain achieved the greatest annual DMY (ADMY), PH and GR compared to the two chicory cultivars (9.34, 9.56 and 13.39 Mg ha−1 for Puna II and Sese 100 chicory and Tonic plantain, respectively; p = 0.0019). The greatest ADMY and GR occurred at AL‐I. Regarding nutritional value, differences were observed only for in vitro digestibility of dry matter and metabolisable energy with chicory cultivars higher than plantain.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the three cultivars evaluated may be used as a nutritional supplement in cattle feed, associated with grasses because they have high nutritive value suitable for milk production in the mountain regions of Peru.
Impact of premenstrual tension syndrome on academic performance among female university students from the United Arab Emirates: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Omara Eman Ibrahim Mohamed , Salama Rasha Aziz Attia , Tadross Talaat Matter , Ahmed Sirwan Khalid , Mohamed Mona Gamal , Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPremenstrual tension syndrome can vary in type and severity among females, potentially affecting their academic performance. This study aims to examine the prevalence and severity of premenstrual tension syndrome symptoms in female university students and their impact on academics.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted among female university students from Ras Al Khaimah, UAE over 6 months, from January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. The updated premenstrual tension syndrome self‐rating scale questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence and severity of symptoms. A total of 251 respondents were included in the study. The chi‐square test was used to determine the association between PMT and academic performance.ResultsThe results showed that 78.9% of the participants experienced premenstrual tension syndrome, with 16.3% of them reporting premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The majority of participants reported mild to moderate symptoms, with anxiety and depressed mood being the most common psychological symptoms. In terms of behavioral symptoms, physical symptoms and feeling overwhelmed were the most prevalent. Furthermore, 90% of participants reported a negative impact on their academic performance, with paying attention in class being the most affected. The study also found that PMT disorder had a significant impact on physical activities and extracurricular activities.ConclusionsOur study showed a high prevalence of premenstrual disorders among female students and their influence on physical activity and extracurricular participation. The study highlights the importance of implementing therapies for PMT syndrome and providing support to improve academic performance and overall quality of life.
Weakly nonlinear analysis of Darcy–Brinkman gravity modulated biothermal convection in rotating porous media
Authors: Akhila P. A. , Patil Mallikarjun B. , Kiran Palle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study investigates the gyrotactic microorganism flow in a rotating porous medium containing Newtonian fluid. Using gravity modulation, Darcy–Brinkman biothermal convection is examined. Linear theory describes the stationary convective mode which derives the expression for critical Rayleigh number. This indicates the onset of bioconvection. The system's marginal stability is demonstrated by graphical and tabular representation which has a good agreement with each other. The Ginzburg–Landau equation governs the Nusselt number, which is used to further explore heat transfer. The study provides an explanation and graphical representation of the effects of the following factors on heat transfer: cell eccentricity, modified Vadasz number and bioconvective Rayleigh–Darcy number, modulation frequency, and amplitude along with Taylor number. The mean Nusselt number has been plotted in the current study. The effect of rotating porous media and gravity modulation is explained in this work. Additionally, a comparison graph is plotted to examine the effects of gravity, both modulated and unmodulated, on the Nusselt number. This demonstrates how well gravity modulation on rotating porous media controls the system's heat transfer. A comparison between numerical and analytical results for unmodulated cases is also explained graphically.
Energy‐efficient power allocation and antenna selection in full‐duplex multi‐cell distributed antenna systems
Authors: Liu Zhan , Hu Ting 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnergy efficiency problem is investigated in distributed antenna systems (DAS), in which both users and base station (BS) antennas are full‐duplex (FD) capable. Multi‐cell and multi‐user scenario is considered. Users transmit power, BS antennas transmit power, and BS antenna selection are jointly optimized under single‐antenna power constraints, per‐user power constraints, and antenna selection constraints. Using the fractional programming, we convert the objective function equivalently from the fractional form to subtractive form. Then, the reformulated problem is decomposed into two subproblems for iterative optimization, the local optimal solution is obtained. Simulation results show the energy efficiency is significantly better than other reference algorithms and close to the optimal algorithm.
Osteochondral Regeneration With Anatomical Scaffold 3D‐Printing—Design Considerations for Interface Integration
Authors: Nedrelow David S. , Townsend Jakob M. , Detamore Michael S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThere is a clinical need for osteochondral scaffolds with complex geometries for restoring articulating joint surfaces. To address that need, 3D‐printing has enabled scaffolds to be created with anatomically shaped geometries and interconnected internal architectures, going beyond simple plug‐shaped scaffolds that are limited to small, cylindrical, focal defects. A key challenge for restoring articulating joint surfaces with 3D‐printed constructs is the mechanical loading environment, particularly to withstand delamination or mechanical failure. Although the mechanical performance of interfacial scaffolds is essential, interface strength testing has rarely been emphasized in prior studies with stratified scaffolds. In the pioneering studies where interface strength was assessed, varying methods were employed, which has made direct comparisons difficult. Therefore, the current review focused on 3D‐printed scaffolds for osteochondral applications with an emphasis on interface integration and biomechanical evaluation. This 3D‐printing focus included both multiphasic cylindrical scaffolds and anatomically shaped scaffolds. Combinations of different 3D‐printing methods (e.g., fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, bioprinting with pneumatic extrusion of cell‐laden hydrogels) have been employed in a handful of studies to integrate osteoinductive and chondroinductive regions into a single scaffold. Most 3D‐printed multiphasic structures utilized either an interdigitating or a mechanical interlocking design to strengthen the construct interface and to prevent delamination during function. The most effective approach to combine phases may be to infill a robust 3D‐printed osteal polymer with an interlocking chondral phase hydrogel. Mechanical interlocking is therefore recommended for scaling up multiphasic scaffold applications to larger anatomically shaped joint surface regeneration. For the evaluation of layer integration, the interface shear test is recommended to avoid artifacts or variability that may be associated with alternative approaches that require adhesives or mechanical grips. The 3D‐printing literature with interfacial scaffolds provides a compelling foundation for continued work toward successful regeneration of injured or diseased osteochondral tissues in load‐bearing joints such as the knee, hip, or temporomandibular joint.
Biochar captures ammonium and nitrate in easily extractable and strongly retained form without stimulating greenhouse gas emissions during composting
Authors: Busch Franziska , Leal Otávio dos Anjos , Siebers Nina , Brüggemann Nicolas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring composting of organic waste, nitrogen is lost through gaseous forms and ion leaching. Biochar has been shown to capture mineral nitrogen (Nmin: NH4+ and NO3−) from compost, which we hypothesize reduces N2O formation. However, associating Nmin captured by biochar with the dynamics of N2O and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during composting remains unstudied and was the aim of this work. We composted (outdoor for 148 days) together kitchen scraps (43.3% dw, where dw is dry weight), horse manure (40.9% dw), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) straw (15.8% dw) without (Control) or with biochar (Bc, 15% compost dw). The biochar consisted of hardwood and softwood pieces pyrolyzed at 680°C and exhibited 60% of particles with 4–8 mm. We monitored compost GHG (CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions, Nmin content in compost and biochar particles (sequential extractions), and biochar surface transformations (SEM‐EDX and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy) along composting. Biochar did not significantly reduce or increase GHG emissions and Nmin content (mg kg−1) in compost. However, the final NO3− amount (g compost pile−1) in the Bc treatment was significantly higher (54%) compared to the Control, indicating lower NO3− losses. Despite the high aromaticity and minimal contribution of carboxyl C to the biochar structure, biochar retained NH4+, mainly in easily extractable form (55%), in the first 2 weeks of composting and mainly in strongly retained form (75%) in the final compost. The NO3− content in biochar increased continuously during composting. In the final compost, the NO3− content extracted from biochar was 164 (37%, easily extractable), 80 (19%, moderately extractable), and 194 mg NO3−–N kg−1 (44%, strongly retained). Although Nmin retention in biochar was not accompanied by lower N2O emissions, contradicting our hypothesis, we demonstrated the efficacy of biochar to recover Nmin from organic waste without stimulating GHG emissions.
HTLV‐1 infected T cells cause bone loss via small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Pokhrel Nitin Kumar , Panfil Amanda R. , Habib Haniya , Seeniraj Shamreethaa , Joseph Ancy , Rauch Daniel , Cox Linda , Sprung Robert , Gilmore Petra Erdmann , Zhang Qiang , Townsend Robert Reid , Yu Lianbo , Yilmaz Ayse Selen , Aurora Rajeev , Park William , Ratner Lee , Weilbaecher Katherine N. , Veis Deborah J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdult T cell leukaemia (ATL), caused by infection with human T‐ lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1), is often complicated by hypercalcemia and osteolytic lesions. Therefore, we studied the communication between patient‐derived ATL cells (ATL‐PDX) and HTLV‐1 immortalized CD4+ T cell lines (HTLV/T) with osteoclasts and their effects on bone mass in mice. Intratibial inoculation of some HTLV/T leads to a profound local decrease in bone mass similar to marrow‐replacing ATL‐PDX, despite the fact that few HTLV/T cells persisted in the bone. To study the direct effect of HTLV/T and ATL‐PDX on osteoclasts, supernatants were added to murine and human osteoclast precursors. ATL‐PDX supernatants from hypercalcemic patients promoted the formation of mature osteoclasts, while those from HTLV/T were variably stimulatory, but had largely consistent effects between human and murine cultures. Interestingly, this osteoclastic activity did not correlate with expression of osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL), suggesting an alternative mechanism. HTLV/T and ATL‐PDX produce small extracellular vesicles (sEV), known to facilitate HTLV‐1 infection. We hypothesized that these sEV also mediate bone loss by targeting osteoclasts. We isolated sEV from both HTLV/T and ATL‐PDX, and found they carried most of the activity found in supernatants. In contrast, sEV from uninfected activated T cells had little effect. Analysis of sEV (both active and inactive) by mass spectrometry and electron microscopy confirmed absence of RANKL and intact virus. Viral proteins Tax and Env were only present in sEV from the active, osteoclast‐stimulatory group, along with increased representation of proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. sEV from osteoclast‐active HTLV/T injected over mouse calvaria in the presence of low‐dose RANKL caused more osteolysis than osteoclast‐inactive sEV or RANKL alone. Thus, HTLV‐1 infection of T cells can cause release of sEV with strong osteolytic potential, providing a mechanism beyond RANKL production that modifies the bone microenvironment, even in the absence of overt leukaemia.
Shining a light on fluorescent EV dyes: Evaluating efficacy, specificity and suitability by nano‐flow cytometry
Authors: Brealey Joseph , Lees Rebecca , Tempest Robert , Law Alice , Guarnerio Sonia , Maani Rawan , Puvanenthiran Soozana , Peake Nick , Pink Ryan , Peacock Ben 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication, recently recognised for their clinical applications. Accurate characterisation and quantification of EVs are critical for understanding of their function and clinical relevance. Many platforms utilise fluorescence for EV characterisation, frequently labelling surface proteins to identify EVs. The heterogeneity of EVs and the lack of a universal protein marker encourages the use of generic EV labelling methods, including membrane labelling. Using nano‐flow cytometry, we evaluated six membrane dyes, including MemGlow and CellMask. Evaluation criteria included EV labelling efficacy, non‐specific labelling of very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDLs), brightness and dye aggregation. Significant variation was observed in dye performance, with certain dyes showing poor EV labelling efficacy or high affinity to VLDLs. Importantly, several promising candidates were identified for further investigation. Overall, this study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate membrane dyes for EV staining tailored to the aims of the study and the EV origin. MemGlow and CellMask proved favourable, allowing bright, sensitive staining of EV membranes with minimal aggregation. However, MemGlow showed an affinity to VLDLs, and CellMask requires additional sample handling for optimal labelling. These results contribute to deepening our understanding of EV membrane dyes, allowing for better dye selection and EV identification in future studies.
A phase 2 study of frontline pembrolizumab in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Ho Carrie , Zhu Songli , Gooley Ted , Gujral Taranjit S. , Lynch Ryan C. , Poh Christina , Shadman Mazyar , Smith Stephen D. , Tseng Yolanda , Gopal Ajay K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe tumor microenvironment (TME), including infiltrating T‐cells, is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of follicular lymphoma (FL) and may contribute to its widely varied disease course. We hypothesized that programmed death‐1 inhibition may be most effective in untreated, immunocompetent FL patients. Thus, we developed a phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy of pembrolizumab as the initial treatment for indolent B‐cell lymphoma.MethodsAdults with FL or marginal zone lymphoma and an indication for treatment were eligible. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg IV in 21‐day cycles for up to 18 cycles, until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Early response assessment was obtained after cycle 3 with computed tomography (CT), and a fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) was obtained after cycle 6 to determine candidacy for continuation in the study. Immunosecretome profiling was performed at baseline and on cycle 2 day 1.ResultsNine patients with FL were enrolled between February 2019 and April 2021, including eight (89%) with advanced stage, seven (78%) with intermediate/high Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index, and six (67%) with high‐tumor burden by Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes Folliculaires. The best overall response rate by FDG PET‐CT was 33% (three partial metabolic responses). Three patients (33%) had stable disease, and three (33%) had progressive disease (including one patient who only had a follow‐up CT). By CT four (44%) experienced a reduction in target lesions, but all were less than partial responses. Grade 3 or higher immune‐related adverse events (IRAEs) were seen in two (22%) patients, both with transaminitis and one of whom had concurrent hypophysitis. Another patient had grade 1 pneumonitis, requiring treatment with steroids. No associations between the immunosecretome profile and clinical outcomes could be detected.ConclusionFrontline pembrolizumab for FL is associated with limited responses and a clinically significant rate of IRAEs. Alternative strategies for targeting the TME in FL should be explored.