bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within‐plant distribution of Phorodon humuli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and natural enemies on hops with implications for sampling and management
Authors: Lorenzana Alicia , Hermoso De Mendoza Alfonso , Seco M. Victoria , Campelo M. Piedad , Casquero Pedro A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA field trial was performed on a hop yard throughout 2006, 2007 and 2008 in order to analyze the within‐plant distribution of Phorodon humuli (Schrank) and its natural enemies. The aphid population was higher on the leaves of the middle section of the main stem. Specifically, the population was significantly higher at 2 and 3.25 m than at 6 m during the three years. Natural enemies consisted of aphidophagous predators of which Coccinella septempunctata was recorded in the highest number. Its number was greater where the aphid population was higher, with a significantly higher number of eggs, larvae and adults at 2 and 3.25 m than at 6 m. Lacewing eggs were also frequently observed, with a significantly higher population where the number of aphids was higher. The number of winged aphids was higher at 3.25 m than at 2 m within a plant. Understanding hop aphid distribution within the hop canopy is important in developing sampling programs, in evaluating injury and helps the development of sustainable management practices.
Bank‐Owned Life Insurance and Bank Risk
Authors: Davidson Travis R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe use of bank‐owned life insurance (BOLI) has more than tripled since 2001 and has caught the attention of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. I find increases in BOLI lead to higher levels of liquidity risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk. Robustness tests confirm these results and suggest over‐ and underinvestment in BOLI and use of BOLI as a tax shelter contribute to risk increases. Results indicate that the concerns expressed by regulators are warranted, and suggest insurance may not always have the intended effect of reducing firm risk because of unintended consequences or misuse.
A Reexamination of Real Stock Returns, Real Interest Rates, Real Activity, and Inflation: Evidence from a Large Data Set
Authors: Jones Paul M. , Olson Eric , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUsing the informational sufficiency procedure from Forni and Gambetti (2014) along with data from McCracken and Ng (2014), we update the results of Lee (1992) and find that his vector autoregression (VAR) is informationally deficient. To correct this problem, we estimate a factor augmented VAR (FAVAR) and analyze the differences once informational deficiency is corrected with an emphasis on the relationship between real stock returns and inflation. In particular, we examine Modigliani and Cohn's (1979) inflation illusion hypothesis, Fama's (1983) proxy hypothesis, and the “anticipated policy hypothesis.”
Trade‐offs across productivity, GHG intensity, and pollutant loads from second‐generation sorghum bioenergy
Authors: Fertitta‐Roberts Cara , Spatari Sabrina , Grantz David A. , Jenerette G. Darrel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHG) intensity is frequently used to assess the mitigation potential of biofuels; however, failure to quantify other environmental impacts may result in unintended consequences, effectively shifting the environmental burden of fuel production rather than reducing it. We modeled production of E85, a gasoline/ethanol blend, from forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. photoperiod LS) grown, processed, and consumed in California's Imperial Valley in order to evaluate the influence of nitrogen (N) management on well‐to‐wheel (WTW) environmental impacts from cellulosic ethanol. We simulated 25 N management scenarios varying application rate, application method, and N source. Life cycle environmental impacts were characterized using the EPA's criteria for emissions affecting the environment and human health. Our results suggest efficient use of N is an important pathway for minimizing WTW emissions on an energy yield basis. Simulations in which N was injected had the highest nitrogen use efficiency. Even at rates as high as 450 kg N ha−1, injected N simulations generated a yield response sufficient to outweigh accompanying increases in most N‐induced emissions on an energy yield basis. Thus, within the biofuel life cycle, trade‐offs across productivity, GHG intensity, and pollutant loads may be possible to avoid at regional to global scales. However, trade‐offs were seemingly unavoidable when impacts from E85 were compared to those of conventional gasoline. The GHG intensity of sorghum‐derived E85 ranged from 29 to 44 g CO2 eq MJ−1, roughly 1/3 to 1/2 that of gasoline. Conversely, emissions contributing to local air and water pollution tended to be substantially higher in the E85 life cycle. These adverse impacts were strongly influenced by N management and could be partially mitigated by efficient application of N fertilizers. Together, our results emphasize the importance of minimizing on‐farm emissions in maximizing both the environmental benefits and profitability of biofuels.
Woody biochar's greenhouse gas mitigation potential across fertilized and unfertilized agricultural soils and soil moisture regimes
Authors: Ramlow Matt , Cotrufo M. Francesca 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBiochar has been widely researched as an important technology for climate smart agriculture, yet work is still necessary to identify the magnitude of potential greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation and mechanisms involved. This study measured slow‐pyrolysis wood‐derived biochar's impact onGHGefflux, mineral N dynamics, and soil organic C in a series of two incubations across fertilized and unfertilized agricultural soils and soil moisture regimes. This research explored the magnitude of biochar's fullGHGmitigation potential and drivers of such impacts. Results of this incubation indicate slow‐pyrolysis wood‐derived biochar has potential to provide annual emission reductions of 0.58–1.72 Mg CO2‐eq ha−1at a 25 Mg ha−1biochar application rate. The greatestGHGmitigation potential was from C sequestration and nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction in mineral N fertilized soils, with minimal impacts on N2O emissions in unfertilized soils, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and methane (CH4) uptake. Analysis of mineral N dynamics in the bulk soil and on biochar isolates indicated that neither biochar impacts on net mineralization and nitrification nor retention of ammonium () on biochar isolates could explain biochar's N2O reduction. Instead, biochar amendments exhibited consistent N2O emission reductions relative to the N2O emission in the control soil regardless of soil type and fertilization. Results across a soil moisture gradient suggest that woody biochar may aerate soils shifting redox conditions and subsequent N2O production. Understanding the magnitude of biochar'sGHGreduction potential and the mechanisms driving these effects can help inform biochar modeling efforts, explain field results and identify agricultural applications that maximize biochar's fullGHGmitigation potential.
Phylogenetic age differences in tree assemblages across the Northern Hemisphere increase with long‐term climate stability in unstable regions
Authors: Feng Gang , Ma Ziyu , Benito Blas M. , Normand Signe , Ordonez Alejandro , Jin Yi , Mao Lingfeng , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimsLong‐term climate stability is hypothesized to drive the emergence of species assemblages with large species age differences due to the accumulation of relict species and relatively newly arisen species via reduced extinction and increased speciation. Few studies have addressed these predictions and so far no study has done so for plants across the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we linked Quaternary‐scale climate variability to phylogenetic age differences between the oldest and youngest group of species in tree assemblages in 100 km × 100 km grid cells across the Northern Hemisphere to test these predictions.LocationNorthern Hemisphere.MethodsLast Glacial Maximum (LGM)‐to‐present shifts in temperature and precipitation were used as proxies for Quaternary‐scale glacial–interglacial climate variability. Simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models were used to assess the relationships between phylogenetic age differences and Quaternary‐scale climate variability.ResultsWe found that phylogenetic age differences overall were largest in China and smallest in Europe, and they declined with increasing temperature instability as predicted, but only in Europe and North America. In China, the relatively mild Quaternary climate changes did not appear to have strongly affected phylogenetic age differences in tree assemblages.Main conclusionsOur results show that phylogenetically diverse assemblages with large phylogenetic age differences among species are associated with relatively high long‐term climate stability, with intra‐regional links between long‐term climate variability and phylogenetic composition especially strong in the more unstable regions. These findings point to future climate change as a key risk to the preservation of the phylogenetically diverse assemblages in regions characterized by relatively high paleoclimate stability, with China as a key example.
A Bayesian multinomial logistic exposure model for estimating probabilities of competing sources of nest failure
Authors: Darrah Abigail J. , Cohen Jonathan B. , Castelli Paul M. 
Published: July 2017

Understanding causes of nest loss is critical for the management of endangered bird populations. Available methods for estimating nest loss probabilities to competing sources do not allow for random effects and covariation among sources, and there are few data simulation methods or goodness‐of‐fit (GOF) tests for such models. We developed a Bayesian multinomial extension of the widely used logistic exposure (LE) nest survival model which can incorporate multiple random effects and fixed‐effect covariates for each nest loss category. We investigated the performance of this model and the accompanyingGOFtest by analysing simulated nest fate datasets with and without age‐biased discovery probability, and by comparing the estimates with those of traditional fixed‐effects estimators. We then exemplify the use of the multinomialLEmodel andGOFtest by analysing Piping PloverCharadrius melodusnest fate data (n = 443) to explore the effects of wire cages (exclosures) constructed around nests, which are used to protect nests from predation but can lead to increased nest abandonment rates. Mean parameter estimates of the random‐effects multinomialLEmodel were all within 1 sd of the true values used to simulate the datasets. Age‐biased discovery probability did not result in biased parameter estimates. Traditional fixed‐effects models provided estimates with a high bias of up to 43% with a mean of 71% smaller standard deviations. TheGOFtest identified models that were a poor fit to the simulated data. For the Piping Plover dataset, the fixed‐effects model was less well‐supported than the random‐effects model and underestimated the risk of exclosure use by 16%. The random‐effects model estimated a range of 1–6% probability of abandonment for nests not protected by exclosures across sites and 5–41% probability of abandonment for nests with exclosures, suggesting that the magnitude of exclosure‐related abandonment is site‐specific. Our results demonstrate that unmodelled heterogeneity can result in biased estimates potentially leading to incorrect management recommendations. The Bayesian multinomialLEmodel offers a flexible method of incorporating random effects into an analysis of nest failure and is robust to age‐biased nest discovery probability. This model can be generalized to other staggered‐entry, time‐to‐hazard situations.
Determination of 4‐ethylcatechol in a Merlot wine using sensory evaluation and the electronic tongue
Authors: Diako Charles , Vixie Beata , Weller Karen M. , Dycus Daniel A. , Ross Carolyn F. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the influence of 4‐ethylcatechol (4‐EC) on the sensory profile ofBrettanomyces‐contaminated Merlot wine and evaluate electronic tongue discrimination. Using sensory evaluation panels, the consumer detection threshold (DT) and the consumer rejection threshold (CRT) of 4‐ECwere determined in Merlot containing 493, 714, 1035 and 1500 μg L−14‐EC. TheDTof 4‐ECin Merlot was 823 μg L−1, while theCRTwas 1323 μg L−1. The electronic tongue discriminated index (DI = 82%) among the samples, with hierarchical clustering showing a clear distinction between the control sample and the spiked samples. The lowest concentration distinguished by the electronic tongue was 493 μg L−1, a lower value than the sensory threshold determined. These findings suggest that for the detection of 4‐ECin Merlot, the e‐tongue may be more sensitive than some consumers and the e‐tongue may be a suitable methodology for detection of subthreshold concentrations of chemical compounds in wine.
Enactors of horizontal violence: The pathological bully, the self‐justified bully and the unprofessional co‐worker
Authors: Taylor Rosemary A. , Taylor Steven S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo suggest an alternative approach to improving recognition of horizontal violence using enactor types identified in a study exploring nurses’ perceptions of horizontal violence.BackgroundHorizontal violence is an umbrella term used to describe a range of aggressive behaviours between nurse colleagues. It is suggested that nurses do not recognize the phenomenon when they witness or experience it, contributing to its perpetuation.DesignThis was a qualitative, descriptive study undertaken to inform theory development and the design of future interventions to address horizontal violence.MethodObservation, document review and semi‐structured interviews took place in two inpatient hospital units in the Northeastern United States between June ‐ November 2012. Ongoing analysis identified three distinct types of enactors of horizontal violence.FindingsNurse participants rarely used terms from hospital policies or nursing literature to describe behaviours associated with horizontal violence but identified behaviours by describing the attributes of the enactor and the situation. Three enactor types were disaggregated from the data: the pathological bully, the self‐justified bully and the unprofessional co‐worker.ConclusionFindings support previous research suggesting nurses do not recognize aggressive behaviours when they witness or experience them and do not have a name for those who enact these behaviours. This disaggregation of enactors of horizontal violence into recognizable types introduces an alternative approach to addressing the phenomenon. Development of instruments to identify these enactors, as well as testing of these instruments, is required to establish the utility of this disaggregation in nursing practice and in designing future interventions.
Development and psychometric testing of a new instrument to measure the caring behaviour of nurses in Italian acute care settings
Authors: Piredda Michela , Ghezzi Valerio , Fenizia Elisa , Marchetti Anna , Petitti Tommasangelo , De Marinis Maria Grazia , Sili Alessandro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the Italian‐language Nurse Caring Behaviours Scale, a short measure of nurse caring behaviour as perceived by inpatients.BackgroundPatient perceptions of nurses’ caring behaviours are a predictor of care quality. Caring behaviours are culture‐specific, but no measure of patient perceptions has previously been developed in Italy. Moreover, existing tools show unclear psychometric properties, are burdensome for respondents, or are not widely applicable.DesignInstrument development and psychometric testing.MethodItem generation included identifying and adapting items from existing measures of caring behaviours as perceived by patients. A pool of 28 items was evaluated for face validity. Content validity indexes were calculated for the resulting 15‐item scale; acceptability and clarity were pilot tested with 50 patients. To assess construct validity, a sample of 2,001 consecutive adult patients admitted to a hospital in 2014 completed the scale and was split into two groups. Reliability was evaluated using nonlinear structural equation modelling coefficients. Measurement invariance was tested across subsamples.ResultsItem 15 loaded poorly in the exploratory factor analysis (n = 983) and was excluded from the final solution, positing a single latent variable with 14 indicators. This model fitted the data moderately. The confirmatory factor analysis (n = 1018) returned similar results. Internal consistency was excellent in both subsamples. Full scalar invariance was reached, and no significant latent mean differences were detected across subsamples.ConclusionThe new instrument shows reasonable psychometric properties and is a promising short and widely applicable measure of inpatient perceptions of nurse caring behaviours.
Research Review: The role of obstetric and neonatal complications in childhood attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review
Authors: Serati Marta , Barkin Jennifer L. , Orsenigo Giulia , Altamura Alfredo Carlo , Buoli Massimiliano 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAttention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder characterized by an inability to sustain attention, activity levels and impulse control, and, according to the latest studies, the prevalence is about 8% and in some countries less than 1%. Currently, it is well‐known that complications during the perinatal period have significant implications on child's physical and mental health. Purpose of the present paper is to review the literature about the association between perinatal complications and future risk of an ADHD diagnosis.MethodsA research in the main database sources has been conducted to obtain a systematic review on the perinatal risk factors of ADHD.ResultsAmong perinatal complications, available data indicate low birth weight (LBW) (Cohen's d effect size range: 0.31–1.64‐small effect size) and preterm birth (PB) (range d: 0.41–0.68) as the most important factors associated with a future diagnosis of ADHD.ConclusionsPB and LBW children should be carefully monitored for an early diagnosis of ADHD limiting the impact of the disease in life span. A systematic review focusing on these risk factors have not been published until now, in the next future preventive strategies should be developed in order to minimize ADHD onset.
Service quality and maturity of health care organizations through the lens of Complexity Leadership Theory
Authors: Horvat Ana , Filipovic Jovan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThis research focuses on Complexity Leadership Theory and the relationship between leadership—examined through the lens of Complexity Leadership Theory—and organizational maturity as an indicator of the performance of health organizations.MethodsThe research adopts a perspective that conceptualizes organizations as complex adaptive systems and draws upon a survey of opinion of 189 managers working in Serbian health organizations.Results and ConclusionsAs the results indicate a dependency between functions of leadership and levels of the maturity of health organizations, we propose a model that connects the two. The study broadens our understanding of the implications of complexity thinking and its reflection on leadership functions and overall organizational performance. The correlations between leadership functions and maturity could have practical applications in policy processing, thus improving the quality of outcomes and the overall level of service quality.
Environmental Impact Assessment of the Heterogeneity in Consumers’ Usage Behavior: An Agent‐Based Modeling Approach
Authors: Raihanian Mashhadi Ardeshir , Behdad Sara 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study is to develop a framework for understanding the heterogeneity and uncertainties present in the usage phase of the product life cycle through utilizing the capabilities of an agent‐based modeling (ABM) technique. An ABM framework is presented to model consumers’ daily product usage decisions and to assess the corresponding electricity consumption patterns. The theory of planned behavior (TPB), with the addition of the habit construct, is used to model agents’ decision‐making criteria. A case study is presented on the power management behavior of personal computer users and the possible benefits of using smart metering and feedback systems. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the utilization of smart metering and feedback systems can promote the energy conservation behaviors and reduce the total PC electricity consumption of households by 20%.
Optimization of Dietary Manganese for Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Fed a Plant‐based Diet
Authors: Welker Thomas L. , Overturf Ken , Abernathy Jason , Barrows Frederic T. , Gaylord Gibson 
Published: July 2017

AbstractJuvenile rainbow trout were fed a plant‐based diet supplemented with inorganic Mn added at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 mg/kg diet for 12 wk. Whole‐body Mn concentrations increased with increasing dietary levels. Rainbow trout fed 2–8 mg Mn/kg diet exhibited weight gain that was significantly higher than fish fed 0, 0.5, 1, 16, and 32 mg Mn/kg diet. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a similar trend, where FCR values decreased with increasing dietary Mn until concentrations reached 8 mg Mn/kg, after which they increased. A rational nonlinear model (R2 = 0.84) fit to weight‐gain data showed that the optimal predicted supplementation level for Mn was 4.8 mg/kg diet. The optimal predicted supplementation level for Mn was similar for FCR (5 mg Mn/kg diet). The predicted 5 mg/kg diet of supplemental Mn required for the plant‐based diet formulation examined in this study is lower than the National Research Council–recommended supplementation level of 12 mg/kg. However, due to potential differences in bioavailability or retention of Mn among plant‐protein sources, the level of dietary supplementation for optimal growth could be slightly higher or lower depending on the dietary formulation.
Familiar Kinship? Palaeogenetic and Isotopic Evidence from a Triple Burial of the Cogotas I Archaeological Culture (Bronze Age, Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Esparza Ángel , Palomo‐Díez Sara , Velasco‐Vázquez Javier , Delibes Germán , Arroyo-Pardo Eduardo , Salazar‐García Domingo C. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper examines the identification of kinship relations in archaeological multiple burials and advocates the application of different methods and lines of research to clarify such issues in relation to funerary practices. Recognizing family relationships – an important task in research on prehistoric societies – is especially complicated and interpretations have often been made without an adequate empirical basis. Bioarchaeological, isotopic and DNA analyses applied to the triple burial of Los Tolmos (Cogotas I archaeological culture, Iberian Bronze Age) have provided direct information on this issue. In this respect, the new results also imply the need to consider gender constructs in greater depth and to be more open‐minded towards other forms of relationship in the past beyond the traditional heteronormative nuclear family.