bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADAPTING TO DEMOCRACY: IDENTITY AND THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS
Authors: Hur Aram 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDefection from North Korea to South Korea has increased dramatically, but little is known of its political consequences. Do North Korean defectors successfully adopt democratic norms, and if so, what factors aid this process? Through a novel survey of defectors, I find that national identification plays a significant role in motivating their fledgling sense of democratic obligation. Greater feelings of national unity with South Koreans lead to a stronger duty to vote and otherwise contribute to the democratic state. This effect is more powerful than that of conventional contractual factors, on which most state resettlement policies are based, and is surprising given that defectors’ nationalist socialization mostly took place under the authoritarian North. The findings suggest the need to reconsider integration approaches toward North Korean defectors and similarly placed refugees elsewhere.
Detecting diversification rates in relation to preservation and tectonic history from simulated fossil records
Authors: Smiley Tara M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor mammals today, mountains are diverse ecosystems globally, yet the strong relationship between species richness and topographic complexity is not a persistent feature of the fossil record. Based on fossil-occurrence data, diversity and diversification rates in the intermontane western North America varied through time, increasing significantly during an interval of global warming and regional intensification of tectonic activity from 18 to 14 Ma. However, our ability to infer origination and extinction rates reliably from the fossil record is affected by variation in preservation history. To investigate the influence of preservation on estimates of diversification rates, I simulated fossil records under four alternative diversification hypotheses and six preservation scenarios. Diversification hypotheses included tectonically controlled speciation pulses, while preservation scenarios were based on common trends (e.g., increasing rock record toward the present) or derived from fossil occurrences and the continental rock record. For each scenario, I estimated origination, extinction, and diversification rates using three standard methods—per capita, three-timer, and capture–mark–recapture (CMR) metrics—and evaluated the ability of the simulated fossil records to accurately recover the underlying diversification dynamics. Despite variable and low preservation probabilities, simulated fossil records retained the signal of true rates in several of the scenarios. The three metrics did not exhibit similar behavior under each preservation scenario: while three-timer and CMR metrics produced more accurate rate estimates, per capita rates tended to better reproduce true shifts in origination rates. All metrics suffered from spurious peaks in origination and extinction rates when highly volatile preservation impacted the simulated record. Results from these simulations indicate that elevated diversification rates in relation to tectonic activity during the middle Miocene are likely to be evident in the fossil record, even if preservation in the North American fossil record was variable. Input from the past is necessary to evaluate the ultimate mechanisms underlying speciation and extinction dynamics.
Assessing the Radiocarbon Freshwater Reservoir Effect for a Northwest-European River System (the Schelde Basin, Belgium)
Authors: Ervynck Anton , Boudin Mathieu , Van Neer Wim 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) for the Schelde basin (Belgium) is assessed for the Roman, Medieval and early Post-medieval periods by comparing historical and archaeological dates from individual archaeological deposits with radiocarbon dates on the remains of freshwater fish and terrestrial mammals from those same deposits. This is the first time such an assessment has been attempted for the Schelde basin. The FRE offsets prove to be substantial for the historical periods considered. They also differ markedly between fish species and between size classes of a single species. These observations have implications for the evaluation of radiocarbon dates obtained on archaeological remains of humans (and animals) with a substantial amount of freshwater fish into their diet. The data obtained in this study suggest that it will not be easy to correct for any FRE.
Impact of Welfare Benefit Sanctioning on Food Insecurity: a Dynamic Cross-Area Study of Food Bank Usage in the UK
Authors: LOOPSTRA RACHEL , FLEDDERJOHANN JASMINE , REEVES AARON , STUCKLER DAVID 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSince 2009, the UK has witnessed marked increases in the rate of sanctions applied to unemployment insurance claimants, as part of a wider agenda of austerity and welfare reform. In 2013, over one million sanctions were applied, stopping benefit payments for a minimum of four weeks and potentially leaving people facing economic hardship and driving them to use food banks. Here we explore whether sanctioning is associated with food bank use by linking data from The Trussell Trust Foodbank Network with records on sanctioning rates across 259 local authorities in the UK. After accounting for local authority differences and time trends, the rate of adults fed by food banks rose by an additional 3.36 adults per 100,000 (95% CI: 1.71 to 5.01) as the rate of sanctioning increased by 10 per 100,000 adults. The availability of food distribution sites affected how tightly sanctioning and food bank usage were associated (p< 0.001); in areas with few distribution sites, rising sanctions led to smaller increases in food bank usage. In conclusion, sanctioning is closely linked with rising food bank usage, but the impact of sanctioning on household food insecurity is not fully reflected in available data.
Potential Yield Loss in Dry Bean Crops Due to Weeds in the United States and Canada
Authors: Soltani Nader , Dille J. Anita , Gulden Robert H. , Sprague Christy L. , Zollinger Richard K. , Morishita Don W. , Lawrence Nevin C. , Sbatella Gustavo M. , Kniss Andrew R. , Jha Prashant , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEarlier reports have summarized crop yield losses throughout various North American regions if weeds were left uncontrolled. Offered here is a report from the current WSSA Weed Loss Committee on potential yield losses due to weeds based on data collected from various regions of the United States and Canada. Dry bean yield loss estimates were made by comparing dry bean yield in the weedy control with plots that had >95% weed control from research studies conducted in dry bean growing regions of the United States and Canada over a 10-year period (2007 to 2016). Results from these field studies showed that dry bean growers in Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Ontario, and Manitoba would potentially lose an average of 50%, 31%, 36%, 59%, 94%, 31%, 71%, 56%, and 71% of their dry bean yield, respectively. This equates to a monetary loss of US $36, 40, 6, 56, 421, 2, 18, 44, and 44 million, respectively, if the best agronomic practices are used without any weed management tactics. Based on 2016 census data, at an average yield loss of 71.4% for North America due to uncontrolled weeds, dry bean production in the United States and Canada would be reduced by 941,000,000 and 184,000,000 kg, valued at approximately US $622 and US $100 million, respectively. This study documents the dramatic yield and monetary losses in dry beans due to weed interference and the importance of continued funding for weed management research to minimize dry bean yield losses.
Dysfunctional autophagy following exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines contributes to pancreatic β-cell apoptosis
Authors: Lambelet Martine , Terra Leticia F. , Fukaya Makiko , Meyerovich Kira , Labriola Leticia , Cardozo Alessandra K. , Allagnat Florent 
Published: January 2018

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) results from β-cell destruction due to concerted action of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and interferon-γ, secreted by the immune cells invading islets of Langerhans, contribute to pancreatic β-cell death in T1D. Cytokine-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a central role in β-cell demise. ER stress can modulate autophagic response; however, no study addressed the regulation of autophagy during the pathophysiology of T1D. In this study, we document that cytokines activate the AMPK-ULK-1 pathway while inhibiting mTORC1, which stimulates autophagy activity in an ER stress-dependent manner. On the other hand, time-course analysis of LC3-II accumulation in autophagosomes revealed that cytokines block the autophagy flux in an ER stress independent manner, leading to the formation of large dysfunctional autophagosomes and worsening of ER stress. Cytokines rapidly impair lysosome function, leading to lysosome membrane permeabilization, Cathepsin B leakage and lysosomal cell death. Blocking cathepsin activity partially protects against cytokine-induced or torin1-induced apoptosis, whereas blocking autophagy aggravates cytokine-induced CHOP overexpression and β-cell apoptosis. In conclusion, cytokines stimulate the early steps of autophagy while blocking the autophagic flux, which aggravate ER stress and trigger lysosomal cell death. Restoration of autophagy/lysosomal function may represent a novel strategy to improve β-cell resistance in the context of T1D.
miR-375 is involved in Hippo pathway by targeting YAP1/TEAD4-CTGF axis in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Kang Wei , Huang Tingting , Zhou Yuhang , Zhang Jinglin , Lung Raymond W. M. , Tong Joanna H. M. , Chan Anthony W. H. , Zhang Bin , Wong Chi Chun , Wu Feng , Dong Yujuan , Wang Shiyan , Yang Weiqin , Pan Yi , Chak Wing Po , Cheung Alvin H. K. , Pang Jesse C. S. , Yu Jun , Cheng Alfred S. L. , To Ka Fai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractmiR-375 is a tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA) in gastric cancer (GC). However, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate how miR-375 is involved in Hippo pathway by targeting multiple oncogenes. miR-375 expression in gastric cancer cell lines and primary GC was investigated by qRT-PCR. The regulation of YAP1, TEAD4, and CTGF expression by miR-375 was evaluated by qRT-PCR, western blot, and luciferase reporter assays, respectively. The functional roles of the related genes were examined by siRNA-mediated knockdown or ectopic expression assays. The clinical significance and expression correlation analysis of miR-375, YAP1, and CTGF were performed in primary GCs. TCGA cohort was also used to analyze the expression correlation of YAP1, TEAD4, CTGF, and miR-375 in primary GCs. miR-375 was down-regulated in GC due to promoter methylation and histone deacetylation. miR-375 downregulation was associated with unfavorable outcome and lymph node metastasis. Ectopic expression of miR-375 inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Three components of Hippo pathway, YAP1, TEAD4 and CTGF, were revealed to be direct targets of miR-375. The expression of three genes showed a negative correlation with miR-375 expression and YAP1 re-expression partly abolished the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-375. Furthermore, CTGF was confirmed to be the key downstream of Hippo-YAP1 cascade and its knockdown phenocopied siYAP1 or miR-375 overexpression. YAP1 nuclear accumulation was positively correlated with CTGF cytoplasmic expression in primary GC tissues. Verteporfin exerted an anti-oncogenic effect in GC cell lines by quenching CTGF expression through YAP1 degradation. In short, miR-375 was involved in the Hippo pathway by targeting YAP1-TEAD4-CTGF axis and enriched our knowledge on the miRNA dysregulation in gastric tumorigenesis.
Honokiol is a FOXM1 antagonist
Authors: Halasi Marianna , Hitchinson Ben , Shah Binal N. , Váraljai Renáta , Khan Irum , Benevolenskaya Elizaveta V. , Gaponenko Vadim , Arbiser Jack L. , Gartel Andrei L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHonokiol is a natural product and an emerging drug for a wide variety of malignancies, including hematopoietic malignancies, sarcomas, and common epithelial tumors. The broad range of activity of honokiol against numerous malignancies with diverse genetic backgrounds suggests that honokiol is inhibiting an activity that is common to multiple malignancies. Oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1 is one of the most overexpressed oncoproteins in human cancer. Here we found that honokiol inhibits FOXM1-mediated transcription and FOXM1 protein expression. More importantly, we found that honokiol’s inhibitory effect on FOXM1 is a result of binding of honokiol to FOXM1. This binding is specific to honokiol, a dimerized allylphenol, and was not observed in compounds that either were monomeric allylphenols or un-substituted dihydroxy phenols. This indicates that both substitution and dimerization of allylphenols are required for physical interaction with FOXM1. We thus demonstrate a novel and specific mechanism for FOXM1 inhibition by honokiol, which partially may explain its anticancer activity in cancer cells.
HMG-box transcription factor 1: a positive regulator of the G1/S transition through the Cyclin-CDK-CDKI molecular network in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: He Shiwei , Yang Sheng , Niu Man , Zhong Yancheng , Dan Gao  , Zhang Yanru , Ma Haotian , Xiong Wei , Zhou Ming , Zhou Yanhong , Xiang Bo , Li Guiyuan , Shuai Cijun , Peng Shuping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHMG-box transcription factor 1 (HBP1) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in diverse malignant carcinomas. However, our findings provide a conclusion that HBP1 plays a novel role in facilitating nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) growth. The Kaplan–Meier analysis indicates that high expression HBP1 and low miR-29c expression both are negatively correlated with the overall survival rates of NPC patients. HBP1 knockdown inhibits cellular proliferation and growth, and arrested cells in G1 phase rather than affected cell apoptosis via flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Mechanistically, HBP1 induces the expression of CCND1 and CCND3 levels by binding to their promoters, and binds to CDK4, CDK6 and p16INK4A promoters while not affects their expression levels. CCND1 and CCND3 promote CCND1-CDK4, CCND3-CDK6, and CDK2-CCNE1 complex formation, thus, E2F-1 and DP-1 are activated to accelerate the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. MiR-29c is down-regulated and correlated with NPC tumorigenesis and progression. Luciferase assays confirms that miR-29c binds to the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of HBP1. Introduction of pre-miR-29c decreased HBP1 mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, the high endogenous HBP1 expression might be attributed to the low levels of endogenous miR-29c in NPC. In addition, HBP1 knockdown and miR-29c agomir administration both decrease xenograft growth in nude mice in vivo. It is firstly reported that HBP1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of NPC, which indicates that HBP1 functions as a non-tumor suppressor gene in NPC. This study provides a novel potential target for the prevention of and therapies for NPC.
Probability of phenotypically detectable protein damage by ENU-induced mutations in the Mutagenetix database
Authors: Wang Tao , Bu Chun Hui , Hildebrand Sara , Jia Gaoxiang , Siggs Owen M. , Lyon Stephen , Pratt David , Scott Lindsay , Russell Jamie , Ludwig Sara , Murray Anne R. , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Beutler Bruce 
Published: January 2018

AbstractComputational inference of mutation effects is necessary for genetic studies in which many mutations must be considered as etiologic candidates. Programs such as PolyPhen-2 predict the relative severity of damage caused by missense mutations, but not the actual probability that a mutation will reduce/eliminate protein function. Based on genotype and phenotype data for 116,330 ENU-induced mutations in the Mutagenetix database, we calculate that putative null mutations, and PolyPhen-2-classified “probably damaging”, “possibly damaging”, or “probably benign” mutations have, respectively, 61%, 17%, 9.8%, and 4.5% probabilities of causing phenotypically detectable damage in the homozygous state. We use these probabilities in the estimation of genome saturation and the probability that individual proteins have been adequately tested for function in specific genetic screens. We estimate the proportion of essential autosomal genes in Mus musculus (C57BL/6J) and show that viable mutations in essential genes are more likely to induce phenotype than mutations in non-essential genes.
Topology-dependent self-structure mediation and efficient energy conversion in heat-flux-driven rotors of cholesteric droplets
Authors: Yoshioka Jun , Araoka Fumito 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhen heat flux is applied to a chiral liquid crystal, unidirectional rotation is induced around the flux axis, as first discovered by Otto Lehmann in 1900. In recent years, this heat-flux-induced phenomenon has been studied mostly in droplets of cholesteric liquid crystals undergoing phase transition from the isotropic to cholesteric phase, i.e., in the coexistence region, which occurs over a very narrow temperature range. Here, we report that the heat-flux-induced rotation can be stabilised by the use of a dispersion system, in which the cholesteric droplets are dispersed in a viscous and poorly miscible isotropic solvent. Interestingly, the phenomenon is found to be topology dependent. Moreover, the rotation is not only stable but also more efficient than that in the known systems. We describe in detail how the dynamics of the heat-flux-induced rotation are altered in the present dispersion system.
Design of three‐dimensional filtering balun with inherent complete ground and enhanced stopband rejection
Authors: Yao Lidan , Wu Yongle , Li Mingxing , Jiao Lingxiao , Wang Weimin , Gao Jinchun , Liu Yuanan 
Published: January 2018

A novel design approach of three‐dimensional filtering balun with inherent complete ground and enhanced stopband rejection is proposed. The whole structure consists of a horizontal feeding plane, a vertically mounted plane, and three ports. By arranging the double‐sided parallel‐strip line filter symmetrically on the two sides of the vertical plane, the frequency selectivity and complete ground are effectively synthesised. By inserting a rectangular conductor plane with two crossed slots into the middle of the vertical plane, the balanced‐to‐unbalanced conversion and stopband rejection are significantly enhanced. For demonstration, an experimental filtering balun is fabricated. The measurement agrees well with the simulation, achieving a wide upper stopband under −15 dB from 3.77 to 9.74 GHz.
Screening for Hypogonadism in Primary Healthcare: How to do this Effectively
Authors: Livingston Mark , Jones Richard , Hackett Geoff , Donnahey Gemma , Moreno Gabriela , Duff Christopher , Heald Adrian 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background Testosterone, the most important androgen produced by the testes, plays an integral role in male health. Testosterone levels are increasingly being checked in primary healthcare as awareness of the risks of male hypogonadism grows.
Aim To investigate what tests are performed to screen for hypogonadism and to exclude secondary hypogonadism.
Design and Setting All participants attended general practices in the UK.
Methods Data search was performed using the EMIS® clinical database (provider of the majority of GP operating systems in Cheshire). The anonymised records of male patients aged 18–98 years who had undergone a check of serum testosterone during a 10-year period were analysed.
Results Overall screening rate was 4.3%. Of 8 788 men with a testosterone result, 1 924 men (21.9%) had a total testosterone level <10 nmol/L. Just 689 of 8 788 men (7.8%) had a sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) result, corresponding to 30.5% of those potentially hypogonadal. Estimated free testosterone was negatively associated with BMI (Spearman’s rho -0.2, p<0.001) as was total testosterone in the over 50 s. Of 1 924 potentially hypogonadal men with a serum testosterone <10 nmol/L, 588 of 1 924 (30.6%) had a check of serum prolactin. 46.3% and 41.7% had LH and FSH measured, respectively. Only 19.1% of 1 924 men with a hypogonadal total testosterone level were subsequently put on testosterone replacement. The percentage of men in the relatively socially disadvantaged category was similar for both eugonadal and hypogonadal men with a much higher rate of screening for hypogonadism in more socially advantaged men.
Conclusions Screening in primary healthcare identified a significant minority of men who had potential hypogonadism. Interpretation of a low serum testosterone requires measurement of serum prolactin, LH and FSH in order to rule out secondary hypogonadism. We suggest that this becomes part of routine screening with a balanced screening approach across the socioeconomic spectrum.
Chemotherapy induces enrichment of CD47
+
/CD73
+
/PDL1
+
immune evasive triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Samanta Debangshu , Park Youngrok , Ni Xuhao , Li Huili , Zahnow Cynthia A. , Gabrielson Edward , Pan Fan , Semenza Gregg L. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Cytotoxic chemotherapy is frequently used in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although patients initially respond to the treatment, the cancer often comes back and kills the patient. Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer cells express genes that protect them from killing by immune cells, but the stimulus that prompts this response is unknown. We show that when TNBC cells are treated with chemotherapy, the surviving cells turn on genes that enable them to escape killing by the immune system. We identify hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which are known to promote metastasis of TNBC, as responsible for this countertherapeutic effect. We show that coadministration of an HIF inhibitor with chemotherapy blocks the ability of surviving TNBC cells to evade the immune system.
Temporomandibular Joint Septic Arthritis
Authors: Frojo Gianfranco , Tadisina Kashyap Komarraju , Shetty Vilaas , Lin Alexander Y. 
Published: January 2018

Summary:
Infection of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare pediatric condition resulting from the introduction of pathogens into the joint by hematogenous seeding, local extension, or trauma. Early recognition of the typical signs and symptoms including fever, trismus, preauricular swelling, and TMJ region tenderness are critical in order to initiate further evaluation and prevent feared complications of fibrosis, ankylosis, abnormal facial structure, or persistence of symptoms. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography with ancillary laboratory analysis including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and white blood cell count are beneficial in confirming the suspected diagnosis and monitoring response to therapy. Initial intervention should include empiric parenteral antibiotics, early mandibular mobilization, and joint decompression to provide synovial fluid for analysis including cultures. This report describes a case of TMJ bacterial arthritis in a healthy 6-year-old male who was promptly treated nonsurgically with intravenous antibiotics and localized needle joint decompression with return to normal function after completion of oral antibiotics and physical therapy.