bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ПРАКТИКА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ НОРМ ОБ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА НАРУШЕНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА
Authors: Ожиганова М.В. 
Published: October 2024

Предметом представленной работы избраны вопросы административной ответственности в связи с нарушением права на образование. Несмотря на то, что статья 5.57 была введена в КоАП РФ в 2009 году, более реальным инструментом защиты права на образование она стала только с принятием нового федерального закона об образовании, которым вводились понятия образовательных отношений, субъектов образовательных отношений и их взаимные права и обязанности. При этом государство гарантировало условия реализации права на образование. В статье даётся обзор судебной практики и формулируются актуальные вопросы административной ответственности за нарушения образовательного законодательства как инструмента обеспечения конституционного права на образование. Автор отмечает педагогический потенциал административно-правового воздействия на участников образовательных отношений, допускающих нарушение права на образование. При этом отмечается задача государства через правоприменение демонстрировать приоритетность образования, своевременно реагировать на выявляемые нарушения, охраняя не только публичные, но и частные интересы, обеспечивать профилактику и устранение причин и условий, способствующих нарушениям, единообразное правоприменение и формирование правовой культуры всех участников отношений.
The subject of the presented work is the issues of administrative liability in connection with violation of the right to education. Despite the fact that Article 5.57 was introduced into the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation in 2009, it became a more realistic instrument for protecting the right to education only with the adoption of the new federal law on education, which introduced the concepts of educational relations, subjects of educational relations and their mutual rights and obligations. At the same time, the state guaranteed the conditions for the realization of the right to education. The article provides an overview of judicial practice and formulates current issues of administrative liability for violations of educational legislation as a tool for ensuring the constitutional right to education. The author notes the pedagogical potential of administrative and legal influence on participants in educational relations that allow violation of the right to education. At the same time, the task of the state through law enforcement is to demonstrate the priority of education, to respond in a timely manner to detected violations, protecting not only public but also private interests, to ensure prevention and elimination of the causes and conditions that contribute to violations, uniform law enforcement and the formation of a legal culture of all participants in relations.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ И ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В ПРАВООХРАНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Хомяков Э.Г. 
Published: October 2024

В статье говорится о современных информационных и цифровых технологиях, которые в настоящее время активно внедряются в отечественную правоохранительную деятельность, либо имеют перспективы такого внедрения. Проводится анализ конкретных государственных программ, нормативно-правовых актов и стандартов, связанных с использованием указанных технологий, рассматривается терминологическое содержание отдельных понятий в области цифровизации. При этом особое внимание уделяется Ведомственным программам цифровой трансформации МВД России на текущий период и перспективу. Делается вывод о возможности и перспективности использования в правоохранительной деятельности отдельных технологий, прежде всего, технологий искусственного интеллекта. Среди технологий искусственного интеллекта анализируются перспективы использования в процессе выявления, раскрытия и расследования преступлений нейросетей, прежде всего, специализированных. Кроме того, рассматриваются некоторые проблемы по внедрению современных информационных и цифровых технологий в правоохранительную деятельность. Отмечается, что к числу основных проблем в указанном направлении следует отнести надлежащую подготовку субъектов применения информационных и цифровых технологий, а также наличие достаточного и постоянного государственного финансирования. Делается вывод о том, что цифровизация (цифровая трансформация) правоохранительной деятельности является долгим, непростым, но перспективным и неизбежным процессом.The article discusses modern digital and information technologies that are currently being actively implemented in domestic law enforcement activities or have potential for such implementation. An analysis of specific state programs, regulatory legal acts and standards related to the use of these technologies is carried out, the terminological content of individual concepts in the field of digitalization is considered. At the same time, special attention is paid to the Departmental programs of digital transformation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the current period and the future. The conclusion is drawn regarding the feasibility and prospects of using certain technologies in law enforcement, particularly artificial intelligence technologies. Among artificial intelligence technologies, the prospects for using neural networks, especially specialized ones, in the process of detecting, solving, and investigating crimes are analyzed. Additionally, some challenges related to the implementation of modern digital and information technologies in law enforcement activities are examined. It is noted that the main challenges in this area include the proper training of those who will apply these technologies, as well as the availability of sufficient and ongoing state funding. The article concludes that the digitalization (digital transformation) of law enforcement is a long, complex, but promising and inevitable process.
Evaluation of stress in (111) homoepitaxial CVD diamond films by Raman spectrum and nitrogen-vacancy centers
Authors: Tsuji T. , Shinei C. , Iwasaki T. , Hatano M. , Teraji T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The reduction of inhomogeneous stress in diamonds is crucially important for extracting excellent performance of semiconducting diamonds. In this study, to investigate elastic deformation in nitrogen doped (111) diamond films caused by stress, we evaluated the stress in these films using confocal Raman microscopy. The stress was detectable when the misorientation angle (

θ

mis

) was below 3.7° and it decreased as

θ

mis

increased. The Raman spectroscopic measurements, considered together with reported stress measurements by nitrogen-vacancy centers, suggest that the diamond film at low

θ

mis

was subjected to compressive stresses that were stronger in the [111] direction than [

1

1

̅

0

] or [

1

̅

1

̅

2

] directions.
Efficiently Searching for Close-in Companions Around Young M Dwarfs Using a Multiyear PSF Library
Authors: Sanghi Aniket , Xuan Jerry W. , Wang Jason J. , Mawet Dimitri , Bowler Brendan P. , Ngo Henry , Bryan Marta L. , Ruane Garreth , Absil Olivier , Huby Elsa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present Super-RDI, a unique framework for the application of reference star differential imaging (RDI) to Keck/NIRC2 high-contrast imaging observations with the vortex coronagraph. Super-RDI combines frame selection and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) optimization techniques with a large multiyear reference point-spread function (PSF) library to achieve optimal PSF subtraction at small angular separations. We compile an ∼7000 frame reference PSF library based on a set of 288 new Keck/NIRC2

L
′

sequences of 237 unique targets acquired between 2015 and 2019 as part of two planet-search programs designed for RDI, one focusing on nearby young M dwarfs and the other targeting members of the Taurus star-forming region. For our data set, synthetic companion injection-recovery tests reveal that frame selection with the mean-squared error metric combined with Karhunen–Loève Image-Processing-based PSF subtraction using 1000–3000 frames and ≲500 principal components yields the highest average S/N for injected synthetic companions. We uniformly reduce targets in the young M-star survey with both Super-RDI and angular differential imaging (ADI). For the typical parallactic angle rotation of our data set (∼10°), Super-RDI performs better than a widely used implementation of ADI-based PSF subtraction at separations ≲0.″4 (≈5 λ/D), gaining an average of 0.25 mag in contrast at 0.″25 and 0.4 mag in contrast at 0.″15. This represents a performance improvement in separation space over RDI with single-night reference star observations (∼100 frame PSF libraries) applied to a similar Keck/NIRC2 data set in previous work. We recover two known brown dwarf companions and provide detection limits for 155 targets in the young M-star survey. Our results demonstrate that increasing the PSF library size with careful selection of reference frames can improve the performance of RDI with the Keck/NIRC2 vortex coronagraph in

L
′

.
GRRIS: A Real-time Intrasite Observation Scheduling Scheme for Distributed Survey Telescope Arrays
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Yu Ce , Sun Chao , Hu Yi , Shang Zhaohui , Wei Jizeng , Yang Xu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The distributed telescope array offers promise for conducting large-sky-area, high-frequency time-domain surveys. Multiple telescopes can be deployed at each observation site, so intrasite observation task scheduling is crucial for enhancing observation efficiency and quality. Efficient use of observable time and rapid response to special situations are critical to maximize scientific discovery in time-domain surveys. Besides, the competing scientific priorities, time-varying observation conditions, and capabilities of observation equipment, lead to a vast search space of the scheduling. So with the increasing number of telescopes and observation fields, balancing computational time with solution quality in observation scheduling poses a significant challenge. Informed by the seminal contributions of earlier studies on a multilevel scheduling model and global scheduler for a time-domain telescope array, this study is devoted to further exploring the site scheduler. Formulating the observation scheduling of multiple telescopes at the site as a cooperative decision-making problem, this paper proposes GRRIS, a real-time intrasite observation scheduling scheme for the telescope array using graph and reinforcement learning (RL). It employs a graph neural network to learn node features that can embed the spatial structure of the observation scheduling. An algorithm based on multi-agent RL is designed to efficiently learn the optimum allocation policy of telescope agents to field nodes. Through numerical simulations with real-world scenarios, GRRIS can achieve up to a 22% solution improvement over the most competitive scheme. It offers better scalability and subsecond decision speed, meeting the needs of observation scheduling control for future distributed telescope arrays.
A More Precise Measurement of the Radius of PSR J0740+6620 Using Updated NICER Data
Authors: Dittmann Alexander J. , Miller M. Coleman , Lamb Frederick K. , Holt Isiah M. , Chirenti Cecilia , Wolff Michael T. , Bogdanov Slavko , Guillot Sebastien , Ho Wynn C. G. , Morsink Sharon M. , Arzoumanian Zaven , Gendreau Keith C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
PSR J0740+6620 is the neutron star with the highest precisely determined mass, inferred from radio observations to be 2.08 ± 0.07 M
⊙. Measurements of its radius therefore hold promise to constrain the properties of the cold, catalyzed, high-density matter in neutron star cores. Previously, Miller et al. and Riley et al. reported measurements of the radius of PSR J0740+6620 based on Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) observations accumulated through 2020 April 17, and an exploratory analysis utilizing NICER background estimates and a data set accumulated through 2021 December 28 was presented in Salmi et al. Here we report an updated radius measurement, derived by fitting models of X-ray emission from the neutron star surface to NICER data accumulated through 2022 April 21, totaling ∼1.1 Ms additional exposure compared to the data set analyzed in Miller et al. and Riley et al., and to data from XMM-Newton observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740+6620 is

12.92

−
1.13

+
2.09

km (68% credibility), a fractional uncertainty ∼83% the width of that reported in Miller et al., in line with statistical expectations given the additional data. If we were to require the radius to be less than 16 km, as was done in Salmi et al., then our 68% credible region would become

R
=

12.76

−
1.02

+
1.49

km, which is close to the headline result of Salmi et al. Our updated measurements, along with other laboratory and astrophysical constraints, imply a slightly softer equation of state than that inferred from our previous measurements.
Understanding Post-main-sequence Stellar Magnetism: On the Origin of Pollux’s Weak Surface Magnetic Field
Authors: Amard Louis , Brun Allan Sacha , Palacios Ana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The magnetic field of red giants is still poorly understood today. Close to the core, asteroseismology has revealed magnetic fields of several hundred thousand gauss, but close to the surface, spectropolarimetric observations of the red giant Pollux only showed an average field of the order of 1 G. Using the ASH code, we conduct a series of 3D nonlinear magnetohydrodynamical simulations aiming at modeling the dynamo process operating within the extended convective envelope of a star similar to the red giant Pollux. We find that the dynamo is efficient even for the slow rotation considered and that large-scale fields are generated and maintained. We further test the correlation between the scale of the convective motions and the surface magnetic field geometry by varying the Prandtl number in our simulations. We show in particular that the value and the geometry of the modeled surface field depend directly on the coupling scales between the magnetic and the velocity fields, with larger convective cells leading to a stronger large-scale magnetic field. We also verify that the dynamo and the geometry of the resulting field are robust against a change of the initial conditions. We then compare our simulations to the observed field and find average ∣B

ℓ
∣ of about 7 G for the simulation with large convective cells, and down to 2 G for the smaller-scale simulation, very close to the observed value. Finally, we suggest the possibility of the reversal of the red giant’s magnetic field.
Afterglow Linear Polarization Signatures from Shallow GRB Jets: Implications for Energetic GRBs
Authors: Birenbaum Gal , Gill Ramandeep , Bromberg Omer , Beniamini Paz , Granot Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powered by ultrarelativistic jets. The launching sites of these jets are surrounded by dense media, which the jets must cross before they can accelerate and release high-energy emission. Interaction with the medium leads to the formation of a mildly relativistic sheath around the jet, resulting in an angular structure to the jet’s asymptotic Lorentz factor and energy per solid angle, which modifies the afterglow emission. We build a semi-analytical tool to analyze the afterglow light curve and polarization signatures of jets observed from a wide range of viewing angles, and focus on ones with slowly declining energy profiles known as shallow jets. We find overall lower polarization compared to the classical top hat jet model. We provide an analytical expression for the peak polarization degree as a function of the energy profile power-law index, magnetic field configuration, and viewing angle, and show that it occurs near the light-curve break time for all viewers. When applying our tool to GRB 221009A, suspected to originate from a shallow jet, we find that the suggested jet structures for this event agree with the upper limits placed on the afterglow polarization in the optical and X-ray bands. We also find that at early times the polarization levels may be significantly higher, allowing for a potential distinction between different jet structure models and possibly constraining the magnetization in both forward and reverse shocks at that stage.
Variations in the Inferred Cosmic-Ray Spectral Index as Measured by Neutron Monitors in Antarctica
Authors: Muangha Pradiphat , Ruffolo David , Sáiz Alejandro , Banglieng Chanoknan , Evenson Paul , Seunarine Surujhdeo , Oh Suyeon , Jung Jongil , Duldig Marc L. , Humble John E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A technique has recently been developed for tracking short-term spectral variations in Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) using data from a single neutron monitor (NM), by collecting histograms of the time delay between successive neutron counts and extracting the leader fraction L as a proxy of the spectral index. Here we analyze L from four Antarctic NMs from 2015 March to 2023 September. We have calibrated L from the South Pole NM with respect to a daily spectral index determined from published data of GCR proton fluxes during 2015–2019 from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) on board the International Space Station. Our results demonstrate a robust correlation between the leader fraction and the spectral index fit over the rigidity range 2.97–16.6 GV for AMS-02 data, with uncertainty of 0.018 in the daily spectral index as inferred from L. In addition to the 11 yr solar activity cycle, a wavelet analysis confirms a 27 day periodicity in the GCR flux and spectral index corresponding to solar rotation, especially near sunspot minimum, while the flux occasionally exhibits a strong harmonic at 13.5 days. The magnetic field component along a nominal Parker spiral (i.e., the magnetic sector structure) is a strong determinant of such spectral and flux variations, with the solar wind speed exerting an additional, nearly rigidity-independent influence on flux variations. Our investigation affirms the capability of ground-based NM stations to accurately and continuously monitor cosmic-ray spectral variations over the long-term future.
Active Galactic Nuclei in the Green Valley at z ∼ 0.7
Authors: Woodrum Charity , Williams Christina C. , Rieke Marcia , Hainline Kevin N. , Hviding Raphael E. , Ji Zhiyuan , Kennicutt Robert , Willmer Christopher N. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy using the MMT and Magellan infrared spectrograph for a sample of 29 massive galaxies (

log

M
*

/

M
⊙

≳
10

) at z ∼ 0.7 with optical spectroscopy from the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C) survey. Having both optical and NIR spectroscopy at this redshift allows us to measure the full suite of rest-optical strong emission lines, enabling the study of ionization sources and the rest-optical selection of active galactic nuclei (AGN), as well as the measurement of dust-corrected Hα-based star formation rates (SFRs). We find that 11 out of 29 galaxies host AGN. We infer the nonparametric star formation histories with the spectral energy distribution fitting code Prospector and classify galaxies as star-forming, green valley, or quiescent based on their most recent specific SFRs. We explore the connection between AGN activity and suppressed star formation, and find that 89% ± 15% of galaxies in the green valley or below host AGN, while only 15% ± 8% of galaxies above the green valley host AGN. We construct the star-forming main sequence (SFMS) and find that the AGN host galaxies are 0.37 dex below the SFMS, while galaxies without detectable AGN are consistent with being on the SFMS. However, when compared to a bootstrapped mass-matched sample, the SFRs of our sample of AGN host galaxies are consistent with the full LEGA-C sample. Based on this mass-matched analysis, we cannot rule out that this suppression of star formation is driven by other processes associated with the higher mass of the AGN sample. We therefore cannot link the presence of AGN activity to the quenching of star formation.
Analytical Models for Secular Descents in Hierarchical Triple Systems
Authors: Weldon Grant C. , Naoz Smadar , Hansen Bradley M. S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Three-body systems are prevalent in nature, from planetary to stellar to supermassive black hole scales. In a hierarchical triple system, oscillations of the inner orbit’s eccentricity and inclination can be induced on secular timescales. Over many cycles, the octupole-level terms in the secular equations of motion can drive the system to extremely high eccentricities via the eccentric Kozai–Lidov (EKL) mechanism. The overall decrease in the inner orbit’s pericenter distance has potentially dramatic effects for realistic systems, such as tidal disruption events. We present an analytical approximation in the test-particle limit to describe individual stepwise increases in eccentricity of the inner orbit. A second approximation, also in the test-particle limit, is obtained by integrating the equations of motion and calibrating to numerical simulations to estimate the overall octupole-level time evolution of the eccentricity. The latter approach is then extended beyond the test particle to the general case. The three novel analytical approximations are compared to numerical solutions to show that the models accurately describe the form and timescale of the secular descent from large distances to a close-encounter distance (e.g., the Roche limit). By circumventing the need for numerical simulations to obtain the long-term behavior, these approximations can be used to readily estimate properties of close encounters and descent timescales for populations of systems. We demonstrate this by calculating rates of EKL-driven migration for Hot Jupiters in stellar binaries.
Les retornados
Authors: Delaunay Morgane 
Published: October 2024

Au lendemain de la Révolution des Œillets du 25 avril 1974, qui mit fin au régime de l’Estado Novo en place au Portugal, commencèrent, de manière simultanée, le processus de démocratisation du pays et le processus de décolonisation des territoires africains qui se trouvaient alors sous domination portugaise. Une des conséquences fut l’arrivée au Portugal de près d’un demi-million de colons, originaires, dans la majorité des cas, d’Angola et du Mozambique. Connus sous le nom de retornados, ces rapatriés arrivèrent pour la plupart au cours de l’été et du printemps 1975 et occasionnèrent une augmentation de près de 5 % de la population que comptait alors le pays.Dans un contexte marqué par une forte instabilité politique et sociale, et par une crise économique mondiale, ce phénomène migratoire représenta un défi supplémentaire pour les autorités portugaises qui durent définir et mettre en place un ensemble de mesures pour accueillir, loger et intégrer ces migrants nationaux au sein de l’économie et de la société portugaise dans son ensemble.