bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striving for balance between caring and restraint: young adults' experiences with parental multiple sclerosis
Authors: Moberg Julie Y , Larsen Dorte , Brødsgaard Anne 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore and describe how young adults between 18–25 years of age experienced growing up with a parent with multiple sclerosis and how these experiences continue to influence their daily lives.BackgroundChronic parental illness is occurring in about 10% of families worldwide, but little is known about how the children experience growing up with a parent with multiple sclerosis during their childhood and into young adulthood.DesignWe chose a qualitative design using a phenomenological approach based on Giorgi.MethodsExploratory and open‐ended interviews with 14 young adults were conducted.ResultsThe essence of the phenomenon of having a parent with multiple sclerosis was synthesized into ‘Striving for balance between caring and restraint’ from two themes ‘caring’ and ‘restraint’ and eight subthemes. Participants’ experiences of caring for parents with multiple sclerosis continued influencing their other close relationships, in which they tended to assume responsibility while concealing some of their feelings and desires. Most participants showed restraint among parents with and without multiple sclerosis, friends and partners.ConclusionIt seems that one of the greatest challenges of having a parent with multiple sclerosis is achieving a balance between caring for others and asserting one's own desires.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals can support the family by encouraging family members to participate in consultations and to assist the parents in providing information about multiple sclerosis and its symptoms to the children. Parents might need assistance in applying for help with domestic chores or referrals to support groups for their children or other family members.
Prior uterine bleeding is associated with low visibility due to discolored amniotic fluid on fetoscopic laser photocoagulation
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Ishii Keisuke , Mabuchi Aki , Oota Shiyo , Haino Kazufumi , Hayashi Shusaku , Kanagawa Takeshi , Mitsusda Nobuaki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between uterine bleeding preceding fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) and the presence of discolored amniotic fluid that impedes FLP.MethodsA retrospective review of all multiple gestations requiring FLP at the present institution was conducted. The rate of low visibility because of discolored amniotic fluid at the beginning of FLP was compared between patients with and without a history of uterine bleeding, defined as either genital bleeding or ultrasonographically detected subchorionic hematoma.ResultsThe prevalence of low visibility because of discolored amniotic fluid was 4.5% (seven in 156 patients). Two of the seven cases of low visibility resulted in double fetal death. The incidence of low visibility was significantly higher in the group with uterine bleeding before surgery compared with that without bleeding (28.6% vs 0.74%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with a history of uterine bleeding prior to FLP may encounter more technical difficulties owing to discolored amniotic fluid during FLP.
Health‐Related Parenting Among U.S. Families and Young Children's Physical Health
Authors: Augustine Jennifer March , Prickett Kate C. , Kimbro Rachel Tolbert 
Published: September 2016

AbstractParenting is a constellation of behaviors, yet investigations of the link between parenting and children's health typically focus on singular behaviors. Thus, patterns of health‐related parenting among U.S. families, associations between patterns and children's physical health, and the prevalence of such patterns among different sociodemographic groups remain unknown. Applying latent class analysis to the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (2001; N = 8,550) revealed 6 parenting patterns. The pattern characterized by high levels of television watching was associated with the worst overall health; the pattern characterized by the highest consumption of food and amount of outdoor play was linked to the highest odds of obesity. Children of less‐educated mothers and Black mothers were more likely to experience both of these patterns than the patterns associated with the best child health, but these patterns did not differ for Hispanics (vs. Whites). Income differences only appeared for patterns associated with children's general health.
Influence of red blood cell aggregation on perfusion of an artificial microvascular network
Authors: Reinhart Walter H. , Piety Nathaniel Z. , Shevkoplyas Sergey S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveRBCs suspended in plasma form multicellular aggregates under low‐flow conditions, increasing apparent blood viscosity at low shear rates. It has previously been unclear, however, if RBC aggregation affects microvascular perfusion. Here, we analyzed the impact of RBC aggregation on perfusion and ‘capillary’ hematocrit in an AMVN at driving pressures ranging from 5 to 60 cm H2O to determine if aggregation could improve tissue oxygenation.MethodsRBCs were suspended at 30% hematocrit in either 46.5 g/L dextran 40 (D40, non‐aggregating medium) or 35 g/L dextran 70 (D70, aggregating medium) solutions with equal viscosity.ResultsAggregation was readily observed in the AMVN for RBCs suspended in D70 at driving pressures ≤40 cm H2O. The AMVN perfusion rate was the same for RBCs suspended in aggregating and non‐aggregating medium, at both ‘venular’ and ‘capillary’ level. Estimated ‘capillary’ hematocrit was higher for D70 suspensions than for D40 suspensions at intermediate driving pressures (5–40 cm H2O).ConclusionsWe conclude that although RBC aggregation did not affect the AMVN perfusion rate independently of the driving pressure, a higher hematocrit in the ‘capillaries’ of the network for D70 suspensions suggested a better oxygen transport capacity in the presence of RBC aggregation.
Resistance to citrus canker induced by a variant of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri is associated with a hypersensitive cell death response involving autophagy‐associated vacuolar processes
Authors: Roeschlin Roxana A. , Favaro María A. , Chiesa María A. , Alemano Sergio , Vojnov Adrián A. , Castagnaro Atilio P. , Filippone María P. , Gmitter Frederick G. , Gadea José , Marano María R. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryXanthomonas citri ssp. citri (X. citri) is the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker, a disease that seriously affects most commercially important Citrus species worldwide. We have identified previously a natural variant, X. citri AT, that triggers a host‐specific defence response in Citrus limon. However, the mechanisms involved in this canker disease resistance are unknown. In this work, the defence response induced by X. citri AT was assessed by transcriptomic, physiological and ultrastructural analyses, and the effects on bacterial biofilm formation were monitored in parallel. We show that X. citri AT triggers a hypersensitive response associated with the interference of biofilm development and arrest of bacterial growth in C. limon. This plant response involves an extensive transcriptional reprogramming, setting in motion cell wall reinforcement, the oxidative burst and the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and phenolic compounds. Ultrastructural analyses revealed subcellular changes involving the activation of autophagy‐associated vacuolar processes. Our findings show the activation of SA‐dependent defence in response to X. citri AT and suggest a coordinated regulation between the SA and flavonoid pathways, which is associated with autophagy mechanisms that control pathogen invasion in C. limon. Furthermore, this defence response protects C. limon plants from disease on subsequent challenges by pathogenic X. citri. This knowledge will allow the rational exploitation of the plant immune system as a biotechnological approach for the management of the disease.
Assemblages of native bryophytes in secondary forests with introducedQuercus rubra
Authors: Woziwoda Beata , Staniaszek‐Kik Monika , Stefańska‐Krzaczek Ewa 
Published: September 2016

We have studied the diversity of bryophytes in planted Polish post‐agricultural forests dominated by the native Scots pinePinus sylvestrisand the alien (North American) red oakQuercus rubra. The planted sites would be suitable for a mesic coniferous forest (abbreviation: CFS) or mesic broadleaved forest (abbreviation: BFS). We analysed the structure and composition of the bryophyte assemblages in relation to forest site and substrate availability. Special attention was paid to the introducedQ. rubraas a host species for native bryophytes.A total of 54 bryophyte species (9 liverworts and 45 mosses) were found in the 90 plots ( = phytosociological relevés, 10 × 10 m in area; 45 at each forest site) studied. DCA analysis showed that the bryophyte assemblages of theP. sylvestris–Q. rubrasecondary forest community differed significantly between CFS and BFS sites; the similarity of the composition of bryophyte species was 36.8%. The substrate preferences (epigeic, epixylic, epiphytic), as well as the growth form and life form of the recorded bryophytes, also differed between CFS and BFS, while the proportion of bryophytes that had a particular life strategy was very similar.The introducedQ. rubrawas inhabited by 28 bryophyte species, including two liverworts. This tree hosted 64% of the CFS and 47% of BFS bryophyte flora and as a host for epiphytes the species successfully fulfilled the functional role of the native oaks (Q. roburandQ. petraea). Thus, the introduction ofQ. rubramay contribute to the restoration of post‐agricultural forests and to the conservation of epiphytic bryophyte species. On the other hand, the negative impact ofQ. rubraobserved on the ground flora (including bryophytes) puts the benefits ofQ. rubrafor the conservation of native biodiversity in general in question.
Effects of different orthodontic retention protocols on the periodontal health of mandibular incisors
Authors: Rody W. J. , Elmaraghy S. , McNeight A. M. , Chamberlain C. A. , Antal D. , Dolce C. , Wheeler T. T. , McGorray S. P. , Shaddox L. M. 
Published: September 2016

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo test the following two hypotheses: 1) different types of retainers result in distinct levels of biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and 2) the retainer bonded to all mandibular anterior teeth induces more detrimental outcomes to the periodontium.Setting and Sample PopulationThe Department of Orthodontics at the University of Florida. The population consisted of individuals in the retention phase of orthodontic treatment.Material and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study that enrolled 36 individuals. Subjects in group 1 had retainers bonded to the mandibular canines only. Group 2 consisted of individuals having retainers bonded to all mandibular anterior teeth. Group 3 included patients using mandibular removable retainers. After clinical examination, GCF was collected from the mandibular incisor and biomarker levels were compared between the groups.ResultsPlaque accumulation and gingivitis differed significantly among groups, with the highest median values in group 2 subjects. Pairwise comparison of the groups with respect to gingivitis showed significant differences between groups 1 and 2. Significant differences among groups were detected for RANKL, OPG, OPN, M‐CSF, MMP‐3, and MMP‐9. The ratio RANKL/OPG was significantly higher in group 2 subjects, with pairwise comparisons indicating that groups 1 and 2 differed from group 3.ConclusionAn association was found between orthodontic retention groups and GCF biomarker levels, which should be further explored in longitudinal studies. The presence of retainers bonded to all anterior teeth seems to increase plaque accumulation and gingivitis.
The effects of canthaxanthin on porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro after parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Taweechaipaisankul A , Jin JX , Lee S , Kim GA , Lee BC 
Published: September 2016

ContentsThe objective of this study was to examine the effects of canthaxanthin (Cx) treatment during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes on embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), on intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in mature oocytes, and on gene expression in both PA‐ and SCNT‐derived blastocysts. To determine the optimal effective concentration of Cx, porcine oocytes were cultured in IVM medium supplemented with various concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 80 μM) of Cx for 22 hr. Compared to other groups, supplementation with 40 μM Cx significantly improved blastocyst formation rates after PA (p < .05), but no significant differences were observed among groups in total blastocyst cell numbers. Subsequently, oocytes were cultured in IVM medium supplemented with or without 40 μM Cx. Oocytes treated with 40 μM Cx showed significantly increased cleavage and blastocyst formation rates after SCNT compared to the control group (p < .05). Moreover, significantly increased intracellular GSH and reduced ROS levels were observed in the Cx‐treated group (p < .05). In addition, both PA‐ and SCNT‐derived blastocysts from the 40 μM Cx‐treated group showed significantly increased mRNA expression of Bcl2 and Oct4 and decreased Caspase3 expression level (p < .05), when compared with the control group. PA‐derived blastocysts from the 40 μM Cx‐treated group also exhibited significantly decreased expression of Bax (p < .05). Our results demonstrated that treatment with 40 μM Cx during IVM improves the developmental competence of PA and SCNT embryos. Improvement of embryo development by Cx is most likely due to increased intracellular GSH synthesis, which reduces ROS levels in oocytes, and it may also positively regulate apoptosis‐ and development‐related genes.
Low transplantability of 0 blood group and highly sensitized candidates in the Portuguese kidney allocation algorithm: quantifying an old problem in search of new solutions
Authors: Tafulo S. , Malheiro J. , Dias L. , Mendes C. , Osório E. , Martins L. S. , Santos J. , Pedroso S. , Almeida M. , Castro‐Henriques A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe impact of patient's biological differences in waiting time for kidney transplantation is well known and has been a subject of extensive debate and struggle in transplantation community. Our purpose was to evaluate patient's access to kidney transplantation in Portugal, regarding their degree of allosensitization and blood type. A retrospective cohort study including 1020 candidates for kidney transplantation between 01 January 2010 and 31 December 2011 in transplant unit Centro Hospitalar do Porto was performed. The deceased donor organ offer by blood type decreased with the calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) increase for A and B blood groups candidates, while in 0 blood group candidates, a significant reduction in organ offer was only observable in hypersensitized (HS) ones. As a consequence, the median waiting time was also significantly higher in 0 blood group patients, when compared to the remaining groups. However, waiting time increased extensively with cPRA regardless blood type, especially HS patients with increases of 368%, 632%, 486%, and 140% for blood groups A, B, AB, and 0, respectively, when compared to each blood group global median waiting time. Our study shows that important measures need to be undertaken in order to mitigate the huge disadvantage that HS and 0 blood type patients naturally have.
Long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 6 regulates lipid synthesis and mitochondrial oxidative capacity in human and rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Teodoro Bruno G. , Sampaio Igor H. , Bomfim Lucas H. M. , Queiroz André L. , Silveira Leonardo R. , Souza Anderson O. , Fernandes Anna M. A. P. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Huang Tai‐Yu , Zheng Donghai , Neufer P. Darrell , Cortright Ronald N. , Alberici Luciane C. 
Published: September 2016

Key points
Long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 6 (ACSL6) mRNA is present in human and rat skeletal muscle, and is modulated by nutritional status: exercise and fasting decrease ACSL6 mRNA, whereas acute lipid ingestion increase its expression.
ACSL6 genic inhibition in rat primary myotubes decreased lipid accumulation, as well as activated the higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity programme and fatty acid oxidation through the AMPK/PGC1‐α pathway.
ACSL6 overexpression in human primary myotubes increased phospholipid species and decreased oxidative metabolism.
AbstractLong‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetases (ACSL 1 to 6) are key enzymes regulating the partitioning of acyl‐CoA species toward different metabolic fates such as lipid synthesis or β‐oxidation. Despite our understanding of ecotopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle being associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes, the role of specific ACSL isoforms in lipid synthesis remains unclear. In the present study, we describe for the first time the presence of ACSL6 mRNA in human skeletal muscle and the role that ACSL6 plays in lipid synthesis in both rodent and human skeletal muscle. ACSL6 mRNA was observed to be up‐regulated by acute high‐fat meal ingestion in both rodents and humans. In rats, we also demonstrated that fasting and chronic aerobic training negatively modulated the ACSL6 mRNA and other genes of lipid synthesis. Similar results were obtained following ACSL6 knockdown in rat myotubes, which was associated with a decreased accumulation of TAGs and lipid droplets. Under the same knockdown condition, we further demonstrate an increase in fatty acid content, p‐AMPK, mitochondrial content, mitochondrial respiratory rates and palmitate oxidation. These results were associated with increased PGC‐1α, UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA and decreased reactive oxygen species production. In human myotubes, ACSL6 overexpression reduced palmitate oxidation and PGC‐1α mRNA. In conclusion, ACSL6 drives acyl‐CoA toward lipid synthesis and its downregulation improves mitochondrial biogenesis, respiratory capacity and lipid oxidation. These outcomes are associated with the activation of the AMPK/PGC1‐α pathway.
Hydrodynamic Measurements Throughout a Flat Plate Multi-Row Film Cooling Array With Inclined Holes
Authors: Natsui Greg , Voet Michael T. , Little Zachary , Fernandez Erik , Kapat Jay , Dees Jason E. 
Published: September 2016

Particle image velocimetry and particle scattering measurements are taken over a flat multi-row film cooled surface. The effect of coolant mass flow (characterized by blowing ratio, momentum flux ratio or velocity ratio) is investigated. The array investigated has 8 rows containing 52 holes of 3.8 mm diameter with inclination angles of 20° and hole length-to-diameter ratios of 11.2. The lateral and streamwise pitches are 7.5 times the diameter. The holes are in a staggered arrangement.
PIV measurements are taken with CO2 as coolant injecting into an air primary stream. Two streamwise aligned planes are measured; a centerline plane and a plane spaced laterally half a diameter from centerline. The PIV results provide a quantitative view of the flow over eight rows of injection as well as the recovery region. Images are acquired at 8 Hz and have a spatial resolution of 10.3 interrogation windows per hole diameter. The tunnel has low freestream turbulence (1%) and is low speed, so the primary turbulence production mechanism is shearing. As a result, the M = 0.45 blowing ratio case shows higher levels of turbulent kinetic energy compared with the M = 1.05 blowing ratio case. Uncertainty in the PIV measurements is estimated via the correlation statistics method.
Experimental Study of a Low-NOx Lean Direct Injection Combustor Design
Authors: Ahmed Abdelallah , Haseman Jacob , Tambe Samir , Jeng San-Mou 
Published: September 2016

An experimental investigation was undertaken to develop a lean direct injection (LDI) combustor concept. The LDI concept consisted of a 9-point fuel injection system setup in a 3×3 array, where each point is made of a fuel nozzle fitted into a counter-rotating radial-radial swirler. Each swirler consisted of an inner, primary swirler, and an outer, secondary swirler, with opposite flow rotation. The experimental investigation consisted of atmospheric combustion and lean blow-out (LBO) tests, and high pressure combustion. All tests utilized a pressure drop of 4% across the swirlers. Parameters tested included variable swirler strengths and fuel nozzle injection depth. Fuel staging was employed on all configurations.
Two swirlers, with swirl numbers (SN) of 0.64 and 1.07, were used in the swirler array, with the baseline configuration consisting entirely of the low-SN swirlers, and configurations 2 and 3 utilizing 1 and 3, respectively, of the high-SN swirlers. Configuration 2 has the high-SN swirler at the center, whereas Configuration 3 uses three high-SN swirlers in the center row. From the atmospheric tests, flame stability and lean blowout occurred at lower equivalence ratios for configuration 2 and 3, indicating that the presence of the high-swirl swirler improved flame anchoring. Two different nozzle insertion depths were tested, with a deep insertion depth providing partial prefilming on the venturi, and a shallow insertion depth with no pre-filming. Partial pre-filming greatly aided in fuel/air mixing and produced a shorter, blue flame, which was stable, and had lower LBO limit as compared to full direct injection (shallow insertion), which resulted in more unstable, longer, yellow flames.
Emission measurements were conducted at high pressures using water cooled sampling probe, and a gas analyzer system to measure the emission indices of NOx and CO. The results showed that this LDI design produced emissions values comparable to those produced by current lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) combustor designs, well below current ICAO standards.