bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality and behavioural changes do not precede memory problems as possible signs of dementia in ageing people with Down syndrome
Authors: Blok J. B. , Scheirs J. G. M. , Thijm N. S. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveThe objective was to find out whether changes in personality and adaptive functioning or memory processes decline first in ageing people with Down syndrome.MethodsWe measured these variables cross‐sectionally in a Dutch sample (22 to 62 years of age) of 68 institutionalised people with Down syndrome.ResultsThe scores on all the variables except one of the temperament scales were found to decline gradually with increasing age, but deterioration of episodic memory started earlier.ConclusionsWe argued that a subset of our sample suffered from dementia. Furthermore, the data suggested that immediate memory impairment is one of the earliest signs of the disease in people with Down syndrome, just as it is in the general population. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Core‐needle biopsy versus repeat fine‐needle aspiration for thyroid nodules initially read as atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance
Authors: Choi Young Jun , Baek Jung Hwan , Suh Chong Hyun , Shim Woo Hyun , Jeong Boseul , Kim Jae Kyun , Song Dong Eun , Kim Tae Yong , Chung Ki‐Wook , Lee Jeong Hyun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of core‐needle biopsy (CNB) by comparing the results of CNB and repeat fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) for thyroid nodules that are initially read as atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) on FNA.MethodsAmong 2631 initial AUS/FLUS FNA results, 505 consecutive nodules (295 repeat FNAs and 210 CNBs) were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was inconclusive (ie, nondiagnostic or AUS/FLUS). The secondary outcomes included inconclusive results of the subcategory, risk factors for inconclusive results, and diagnostic performance.ResultsCNB demonstrated significantly fewer inconclusive results than repeat FNA for the overall nodules (40.9% vs 63%; p < .001). Repeat FNA and group FLUS were significant risk factors for inconclusive results (odds ratio = 1.92; p =.001 and odds ratio = 2.08; p <.001, respectively). All diagnostic performances using CNB were higher than repeat FNAs.ConclusionCNB is more useful than repeat FNAs for reducing inconclusive results and improving the diagnostic performance of thyroid nodules with initial AUS/FLUS FNA results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 361–369, 2017
High‐dose intravenous steroid regimen for radiation‐induced hypoglossal nerve palsy
Authors: McDowell Lachlan J. , Jacobson Marlene C. , Levin Wilfred 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundHypoglossal nerve palsies are infrequent complications of head and neck radiotherapy. Treatments focus on maintaining function and prevention of abnormal airway‐related swallowing events.MethodsA patient with longstanding cranial neuropathies, including bilateral hypoglossal involvement, secondary to chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, experienced repeated episodes of life‐threatening complications. Initially, 2 courses of 2 weekly 24‐hour intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) infusions were administered 2 years apart. We report the results of a third course comprising 5 weekly cycles.ResultsPatient‐reported outcomes revealed significant improvement in swallowing function, speech, and psychosocial status. Airway invasion during swallowing and pharyngeal retention were assessed videofluoroscopically and evaluated using the Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) and a residue rating scale, respectively. PAS ratings after infusions 2 and 5, improved dramatically from baseline and were maintained at 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionHigh doses of IVMP may improve radiation‐induced neuropathies. Further testing in similar patients is needed to prove reproducibility. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: E23–E28, 2017
Versatility of the facial artery myomucosal island flap in neopharyngeal reconstruction
Authors: Frisch Thomas 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe facial artery myomucosal (FAMM) island flap is a cheek flap, pedicled on the facial artery and suitable for small to medium‐sized reconstructions of the oral cavity and neighboring areas. A novel transposition of the flap to the hypopharynx after laryngectomy is presented in this report.MethodsA 58‐year‐old man, previously irradiated, was laryngopharyngectomized because of a new supraglottic carcinoma. An unexpected need for a flap was solved by tunneling a FAMM island flap lateral to the mandible. The reach and size of the flap were sufficient to close the defect.ResultsVitality of the flap was ascertained by fiber endoscopy. No donor‐site morbidity was seen. Postoperatively, the patient had a minor stomal fistula with spontaneous healing.ConclusionThe pedicled FAMM island flap may be considered for smaller reconstructions of the upper hypopharynx. Accessibility, low donor‐site morbidity, and recipient tissue similarity count among the advantages. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: E29–E33, 2017
Subordinate‐Superior Upward Communication: Power, Politics, and Political Skill
Authors: Kamal Kumar Kunal , Kumar Mishra Sushanta 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA multiphase study involving 1,285 respondents was conducted to answer an important yet overlooked question: for a job requiring frequent informal communication with superiors, should an organization focus more on selecting employees with higher trait‐like willingness to communicate or on providing an environment where the flow of communication is easy and aided? We found support for the latter. Further, we observed that subordinates alter their communication behaviors based on the perception of superior's power, politics in the organization, and their own political skills. The study contributes to a better understanding of how situational variables affect subordinate‐superior upward communication. Implications of the study are also discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Higher‐order structure of the 30‐nm chromatin fiber revealed by cryo‐EM
Authors: Zhu Ping , Li Guohong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGenomic DNA is hierarchically packaged into chromatin in eukaryotes. As a central‐level chromatin structure between nucleosomal arrays and higher order organizations, 30 nm chromatin fiber, and its dynamics play a crucial role in regulating DNA accessibility for gene transcription. However, despite extensive efforts over three decades, the higher‐order structure of the 30 nm chromatin fiber remains unresolved and controversial. We have recently reconstituted the 30 nm chromatin fibers from 12 nucleosomal arrays in vitro in the presence of linker histone H1, and determined their cryo‐EM structures at resolution of 11 Å (Song et al., Science 344, 376–380). Here, we briefly reviewed the higher‐order structure studies of chromatin fibers, mainly focusing on the insights from the cryo‐EM structures we recently solved. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(11):873–878, 2016
Staphylococcus aureusandEscherichia colidual‐species biofilms on nanohydroxyapatite loaded with CHX or ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Barros Joana , Grenho Liliana , Fontenente Sílvia , Manuel Cândida M. , Nunes Olga C. , Melo Luís F. , Monteiro Fernando J. , Ferraz Maria P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractImplant‐associated infections are caused by surface‐adhering microorganisms persisting as biofilms, resistant to host defense and antimicrobial agents. Given the limited efficacy of traditional antibiotics, novel strategies may rely on the prevention of such infections through the design of new biomaterials. In this work, two antimicrobial agents applied to nanohydroxyapatite materials—namely, chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles—were compared concerning their ability to avoid single‐ or dual‐species biofilms ofStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli. The resulting biofilms were quantified by the enumeration of colony‐forming units and examined by confocal microscopy using both Live/Dead staining and bacterial‐specific fluorescentin situhybridization. The sessile population arrangement was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Both biomaterials showed to be effective in impairing bacterial adhesion and proliferation for either single‐ or dual‐species biofilms. Furthermore, a competitive interaction was observed for dual‐species biofilms whereinE. coliexhibited higher proliferative capacity thanS. aureus, an inverse behavior from the one observed in single‐species biofilms. Therefore, either nanoHA‐CHX or nanoHA‐ZnO surfaces appear as promising alternatives to antibiotics for the prevention of devices‐related infections avoiding the critical risk of antibiotic‐resistant strains emergence. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 491–497, 2017.
Enhancing the osteoblastic differentiation through nanoscale surface modifications
Authors: Silva‐Bermudez Phaedra , Almaguer‐Flores Argelia , Garcia Victor I. , Olivares‐Navarrete Rene , Rodil Sandra E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed larger differentiation into osteoblasts on nanoscale amorphous titanium oxide (TiO2) coatings in comparison to polycrystalline TiO2 coatings or native oxide layers. In this article, we showed that the subtle alterations in the surface properties due to a different atomic ordering of titanium oxide layers could substantially modify the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. Amorphous (a) and polycrystalline (c) TiO2 coatings were deposited on smooth (PT) and microstructured sandblasted/acid‐etched (SLA) Ti substrates using a magnetron sputtering system. The surface roughness, water contact angle, structure, and composition were measured using confocal microscopy, drop sessile drop, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The ∼70‐nm‐thick coatings presented a well‐passivated and uniform TiO2 (Ti4+) surface composition, while the substrates (native oxide layer) showed the presence of Ti atoms in lower valence states. The polycrystalline TiO2‐coated surfaces (cPT and cSLA) showed the same cell attachment as the uncoated metallic surfaces (PT and SLA), and in both cases, it was lower on the rough than on the smooth surfaces. However, attachment and differentiation were significantly increased on the amorphous TiO2‐coated surfaces (aPT and aSLA). The amorphous coated Ti surfaces presented the highest expression of integrins and production of osteogenic proteins in comparison to the uncoated and crystalline‐coated Ti surfaces. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 498–509, 2017.
A silicone fiber coating as approach for the reduction of fibroblast growth on implant electrodes
Authors: Dencker Folke , Dreyer Lutz , Müller Dietrich , Zernetsch Holger , Paasche Gerrit , Sindelar Ralf , Glasmacher Birgit 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn cochlear implant (CI) patients, an increase in electrode impedance due to fibrotic encapsulation is frequently observed. Several attempts have been proposed to reduce fibroblast growth at the electrode contacts, but none proved to be satisfactory so far. Here, a silicone fiber coating of the electrode contacts is presented that provides a complex micro‐scale surface topography and increases hydrophobicity to inhibit fibroblast growth and adhesion. A silicone fiber electrospinning process was developed to create a thin and porous fiber mesh. Fiber coatings were applied on graphite specimen holders, glass cover slips and CI electrode contacts. For characterization of the coating's pore distribution, water contact angle and electrical impedance were analyzed. Cytotoxicity and in vitro fibroblast growth were evaluated to assess biological efficacy of the coatings. It could be shown that the silicone fiber mesh itself had only minor influence on electrode impedance. A uniform, hydrophobic fiber coating could be achieved that decreased fibroblast growth without showing toxic effects. Finally, CI electrode contacts were successfully coated in order to present this promising approach for a long‐term improvement of CI electrodes. We are one of the first groups that could successfully adapt the electrospinning technique on the utilization of silicone. Silicone was chosen because of its high hydrophobicity, chemical stability and excellent biocompatibility and as it is one of the biomaterials already used in CIs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2574–2580, 2017.
Investigation of the anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of chlorogenic acid
Authors: Choi Jun‐Hui , Kim Seung 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Thrombolytic agents are important for both the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. Fibrin clot and turbidity assays revealed that it was able to inhibit the formation of fibrin clot. Chlorogenic acid degraded blood clot and inhibited the enzymatic activity of procoagulant proteases, thrombin, activated factor X (FXa), and activated factor XIII (FXIIIa). Chlorogenic acid was found to delay activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time. PFA‐100 assays showed that it prolonged the closure time of citrated whole human blood. It demonstrated the antithrombotic effect in collagen and epinephrine‐induced acute thromboembolism mice model. These antithrombotic profiles together with its anticoagulant and platelet disaggregation properties, and lack of toxicity to NIH‐3T3 and 3T3‐L1 cells, make it a potential agent for thrombotic treatment and prevention.
Human immunodeficiency virus associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a clinical conundrum
Authors: Warner Nathaniel C. , Vaughan Leroy B. , Wenzel Richard P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHIV complicates the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), prompting debate in the literature regarding the benefit of plasma exchange versus simple plasma infusion. Herein we present a case of HIV‐TTP, initially treated conservatively with plasma infusion but because of progressive neurologic decline, required urgent plasma exchange for resolution of hematologic derangements and neurologic sequelae. Based on the available literature, there appears to be a spectrum of HIV‐associated TTP disorders. Patients with advanced HIV disease and opportunistic infections who present with thrombotic microangiopathy tend to respond to simple plasma infusion, while patients with less progressive HIV disease tend to behave like those with idiopathic TTP, requiring plasma exchange rather than simple plasma infusion. This article illustrates that in patients with HIV‐TTP who do not respond to plasma infusion, early escalation to plasma exchange may help avoid life‐threatening complications such as seizures and even death.
Prediction of Clearance in Neonates and Infants (≤ 3 Months of Age) for Drugs That Are Glucuronidated: A Comparative Study Between Allometric Scaling and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Authors: Mahmood Iftekhar , Ahmad Tasneem , Mansoor Najia , Sharib S. M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive performances of allometric models and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) to predict clearance of glucuronidated drugs in neonates (≤ 3 months of age). From the literature, clearance values for 9 drugs (glucuronidated) for neonates and adults were obtained. Three allometric models were used to predict clearances of these glucuronidated drugs. A PBPK model was developed using the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and metabolic properties together with known pediatric physiology and enzymatic ontogeny. The model was first developed for adult subjects and then verified using external data and then applied to simulations in neonates. The predictive performances of allometric and PBPK models were evaluated by comparing the predicted values of clearance with the observed clearance values in the neonates. For 9 drugs, there were 13 age groups (preterm and term neonates) for which prediction error in mean clearance values within 0.5‐ to 1.5‐fold was observed in 10 and 11 age groups by 2 allometric models and a PBPK model, respectively. The proposed allometric methods can predict mean clearances of glucuronidated drugs in preterm and term neonates (≤ 3 months of age) with reasonable accuracy (within 0.5‐ to 1.5‐fold or 50% error) and are of practical value during neonatal drug development. The predicted mean clearance values of glucuronidated drugs in neonates ≤ 3 months of age by 2 allometric methods were comparable with the PBPK model.
Cancer anorexia: hypothalamic activity and its association with inflammation and appetite‐regulating peptides in lung cancer
Authors: Molfino Alessio , Iannace Alessandro , Colaiacomo Maria Chiara , Farcomeni Alessio , Emiliani Alessandra , Gualdi Gianfranco , Laviano Alessandro , Rossi Fanelli Filippo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundEnergy homeostasis is mediated by the hypothalamus, whose inflammation‐induced functional derangements contribute to the onset of anorexia in cancer. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we determined the patterns of hypothalamic activation after oral intake in anorexic (A), non‐anorexic (NA) cancer patients, and in controls (C).MethodsLung cancer patients were considered. Hypothalamic activation was recorded in A and NA patients and in C by fMRI, before (T0), immediately after (T1) the administration of an oral nutritional supplement, and after 15 min (T2). The grey of the hypothalamus and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) intensity were calculated and normalized for basal conditions. Interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, ghrelin, and leptin plasma levels were measured. A statistical parametric mapping was used.ResultsThirteen lung cancer patients (7 M, 6 F; 9A, 4NA) and 2 C (1 M, 1 F) were enrolled. Controls had the lowest BOLD intensity. At all‐time points, anorexic patients showed lower hypothalamic activity compared with NA (P < 0.001) (T0: 585.57 ± 55.69 vs. 667.92 ± 33.18, respectively; T1: 536.50 ± 61.70 vs. 624.49 ± 55.51, respectively; T2: 556.44 ± 58.51 vs. 615.43 ± 71.50, respectively). Anorexic patients showed greater BOLD signal reduction during T0–T1 than NA (−8.5% vs. −6.80%, P < 0.001). Independently from the presence of anorexia, BOLD signals modification before and after oral challenge correlated with basal values of IL‐1 and ghrelin (P < 0.001).ConclusionsHypothalamic activity in A cancer patients is reduced respect to NA and responds differently to oral challenges. This suggests a central control of appetite dysregulation during cancer anorexia, before, and after oral intake.
Tannin‐immobilized cellulose microspheres as effective adsorbents for removing cationic dye (Methylene Blue) from aqueous solution
Authors: Pei Ying , Wu Xingjun , Xu Gaoqiang , Sun Zhenjie , Zheng Xuejing , Liu Jie , Tang Keyong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDTannin‐immobilized cellulose (T/C) microspheres were fabricated by a facile homogeneous reaction in a water/oil (W/O) emulsion for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution. The microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Zeta potentials test. Setting methylene blue (MB) as a cationic dye model, the adsorption isotherms, kinetics and effect factors of MB adsorption were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness for dye removal.RESULTSThe microspheres exhibited porous structure. Cellulose contributed to provide a support for the porous structure, and immobilized tannins acted as adsorbent sites which combined with MB by electrostatic attraction, resulting in the attractive adsorption ability of T/C microspheres. Microspheres exhibited rapid adsorption rate even when the initial MB concentration was 1500 mg L−1. The pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to fit adsorption data in the kinetic studies. Results indicated that the adsorption kinetic was more accurately described by the pseudo‐second‐order model. It has been demonstrated that the better agreement was with the Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficient >0.9996. Regeneration experiments showed that T/C microspheres can be reused at least three times without obvious loss of their original adsorption capacity.CONCLUSIONThe results revealed that the T/C microspheres can be considered as a stable and effective adsorbent for cationic dye removal from industrial effluents. Tannin immobilization and material forming were simultaneously implemented by a facile homogeneous reaction in W/O emulsion, providing a new pathway to fabricate tannin‐immobilized materials for water treatment. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Macroalgal biomass hydrolysis using dicationic acidic ionic liquids
Authors: Malihan Lenny B , Mittal Neha , Nisola Grace M , Weldemhret Teklebrahan G , Kim Hern , Chung Wook‐Jin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMacroalgae has high potential as a bio‐fuel feedstock due to its high carbohydrate content. Conventional aqueous systems require a huge amount of energy to catalyze depolymerization and hydrolysis of macroalgae. Recently various task‐specific ionic liquids (ILs) successfully depolymerized different biomasses, but were thermally unstable. A variety of dicationic acidic ILs (DAILs) connected by oligo‐ethylene glycol (EG) chains bearing hydrogen sulfate (HSO4−) anions were synthesized with better thermal stability and utilized in hydrolysis of macroalgal biomass, Gelidium amansii.RESULTSThe structures of DAILs were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR as well as FT‐IR. EG‐linker chain lengths and dicationic structure increased the thermal stability of DAILs and influenced their catalytic performance for G. amansii hydrolysis. DAILs linked with short oligo‐EG chains afforded higher sugar yields and exhibited faster hydrolysis rates compared with those linked by long oligo‐EG chains (i.e. PEG400 and PEG600). A maximum sugar yield of 67.45 wt% was recovered from G. amansii using [Tri‐EG‐(MIm)2] 2HSO4 DAIL, after 3 min at 120 °C.CONCLUSIONThe synthesized DAILs showed dual properties as catalyst and reaction medium for hydrolysis of macroalgae in solvent‐less conditions. Shorter oligo‐EG chain linked DAILs exhibited faster reaction rates with higher sugar yields. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry