bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Touchstone poetry: writing as a catalyst for moments of development
Authors: Manning Logan 
Published: December 2016

PurposeExtant research has painted a clear picture of the myriad ways that schools are failing to provide a meaningful education, and meaningful literacy pedagogies, to all youth. Given this crisis shouldered disproportionately by youth of color in urban schools, this paper aims to take a retrospective approach to understanding the lasting reverberations of a high school poetry class on a group of students who experienced urban traumas including but not limited to educational injustices. In contrast to the representations of failing schools, some current research offers various portraits of urban students engaging in empowering ways in classrooms that make critical use of media arts, poetry and hip hop. The questions driving this study are based on what happens once students step out of these alternative classroom spaces. For youth who have dropped out of the traditional system, what was the nature of the writing they produced in an alternative literacy learning space and what relationship did it have to their development as young adults?Design/methodology/approachUsing qualitative case study methodology, this paper explores the memorable writing produced in the context of a high school poetry class by six case study participants to understand its meaning in their lives over time. It is through a dialogic lens that this research makes sense of the relationship between the written words produced by these youth, their actions in and on the world in their early adulthood, and their moments of development as survivors of trauma and as civic actors.FindingsStudent discussion of what I describe as touchstone poems revealed how these poems functioned to reorganize experiences and memories for the case study participants that enabled them to feel increased agency in relation to their personal and socio-cultural struggles.Originality/valueFor these students who were perpetually labeled asat-risk, poetry class served as a space where they could collectively engage in positive risk-taking that held meaning in their lives after high school and catalyzed the development of agentive identities.
I am from a fantasy, where Freire quotes become reality
Authors: Castro Erika , Jackson Gabrielle , Cushing-Leubner Jenna , Lozenski Brian 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show the viewpoint of two youth artists, researchers and activists who use spoken word and graphic arts to represent their research.

Design/methodology/approach
As a bilingual Spanish-speaking Latina and a young Black woman, the authors use artistic expression as a way to voice themselves and to give voice to the work they do as members of two youth research collectives. As individuals, they are members of two different youth participatory action research groups with different goals and ways of making sense of the world. But these groups have also come together to collaborate on issues of shared importance.

Findings
As youth artist-activists, the authors’ work could stand on its own, but they believe that they are stronger together. They have created a conversation of images and voices that represent the strength they have when they can be themselves. They work together to make a world one deserves to live in.

Originality/value
The authors’ work originates from within and is influenced by their experiences in the world, by the communities surrounding them, by those who love them, by those who have come before them and by the challenges that are thrown at them. They believe that their words and images have value because they do.
Impact of Wisconsin Medicaid Policy Change on Dental Sealant Utilization
Authors: Okunseri Christopher , Okunseri Elaye , Garcia Raul I. , Gonzalez Cesar , Visotcky Alexis , Szabo Aniko 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundIn September 2006, Wisconsin Medicaid changed its policy to allow nondentists to become certified Medicaid providers and to bill for sealants in public health settings.ObjectiveThis study examined changes in patterns of dental sealant utilization in first molars of Wisconsin Medicaid enrollees associated with a policy change.Data SourceThe Electronic Data Systems of Medicaid Evaluation and Decision Support for Wisconsin from 2001 to 2009.Study DesignRetrospective claims data analysis of Wisconsin Dental Medicaid for children aged 6‐16 years.Principal FindingsA total of 479,847 children followed up for 1,441,300 person‐years with 64,546 visits were analyzed. The rate of visits for sealants by dentists increased significantly from 3 percent per year prepolicy to 11 percent per year postpolicy, and that of nondentists increased from 18 percent per year to 20 percent after the policy change, but this was not significant. Non‐Hispanic blacks had the lowest visit rates for sealant application by dentists and nondentists pre‐ and postpolicy periods.ConclusionsThe Wisconsin Medicaid policy change was associated with increased rates of visits for dental sealant placement by dentists. The rate of visits with sealant placements by nondentists increased at the same rate pre‐ and postpolicy change.
Development of Rapid and Economical Colorimetric Screening Method for p‐Phenylenediamine in Variety of Biological Matrices and its Application to Eleven Fatal Cases of p‐Phenylenediamine Poisoning
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Usman Hafiz Faisal , Shafi Humera , Sarwar Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad Ashraf 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA rapid colorimetric method for detection of p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) in various biological samples is developed. The o‐cresol test for acetaminophen detection has been modified to detect PPD in blood, urine, gastric contents, and liver. After precipitating protein with trichloroacetic acid solution (2 mL, 10% w/v), biological specimens were required to convert PPD metabolites to PPD by acid hydrolysis. Finally, o‐cresol solution (1 mL, 1% w/v), hydrogen peroxide (200 μL, 3%v/v), and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (0.5 mL) were added in the biological samples. The presence of PPD was indicated by formation of violet color which was turned to bluish green color within 10–15 min. The limit of detection was found to be 2 mg/L in blood, urine, and gastric contents and 2 mg/Kg in liver. This method is also free from any potential interference by p‐aminophenol, acetaminophen, and other amine drugs under test conditions. This method was successfully employed to thirteen fatal cases of PPD poisoning.
Fatal Injuries of Law Enforcement/Correctional Officers Attacked with Sharp‐Edged Weapons,
Authors: Chenpanas Patsy , Bir Cynthia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAccording to the National Law Enforcement Memorial Fund, there were 117 law enforcement fatalities in the United States in 2015. Assaults with sharp‐edged weapons have resulted in a total of over 400 fatalities in the United States. The goal of the current research was to examine sharp‐edged weapon assaults against law enforcement and correctional agents that resulted in a fatal outcome. A total of twelve autopsy reports were reviewed from across the United States. Four cases involved law enforcement officers, seven involved correctional officers, and one was an off‐duty border officer. The male‐to‐female ratio was 11:1. A total of 70.2% of the wounds analyzed were stab wounds (n = 85), and 29.8% of the wounds were slash wounds (n = 36). Based on this review, the neck, shoulder, and chest regions were the most vulnerable to single fatal stab/slash wounds. Multiple stab/slash wounds often resulted in exsanguination. The use of body armor was only noted in one case.
Quantitative Determination of Cannabinoids in Cannabis and Cannabis Products Using Ultra‐High‐Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Diode Array/Mass Spectrometric Detection
Authors: Wang Mei , Wang Yan‐Hong , Avula Bharathi , Radwan Mohamed M. , Wanas Amira S. , Mehmedic Zlatko , van Antwerp John , ElSohly Mahmoud A. , Khan Ikhlas A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUltra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) is an efficient analytical technique and has not been fully employed for the analysis of cannabis. Here, a novel method was developed for the analysis of 30 cannabis plant extracts and preparations using UHPSFC/PDA‐MS. Nine of the most abundant cannabinoids, viz. CBD, ∆8‐THC, THCV, ∆9‐THC, CBN, CBG, THCA‐A, CBDA, and CBGA, were quantitatively determined (RSDs < 6.9%). Unlike GC methods, no derivatization or decarboxylation was required prior to UHPSFC analysis. The UHPSFC chromatographic separation of cannabinoids displayed an inverse elution order compared to UHPLC. Combining with PDA‐MS, this orthogonality is valuable for discrimination of cannabinoids in complex matrices. The developed method was validated, and the quantification results were compared with a standard UHPLC method. The RSDs of these two methods were within ±13.0%. Finally, chemometric analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) were used to differentiate between cannabis samples.
A Modified Electrostatic Adsorption Apparatus for Latent Fingerprint Development on Unfired Cartridge Cases
Authors: Xu Jingyang , Zhang Ziyuan , Zheng Xiaochun , Bond John W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVisualization of latent fingerprints on metallic surfaces by the method of applying electrostatic charging and adsorption is considered as a promising chemical‐free method, which has the merit of nondestruction, and is considered to be effective for some difficult situations such as aged fingerprint deposits or those exposed to environmental extremes. In fact, a portable electrostatic generator can be easily accessible in a local forensic technology laboratory, which is already widely used in the visualization of footwear impressions. In this study, a modified version of this electrostatic apparatus is proposed for latent fingerprint development and has shown great potential in visualizing fingerprints on metallic surfaces such as cartridge cases. Results indicate that this experimental arrangement can successfully develop aged latent fingerprints on metal surfaces, and we demonstrate its effectiveness compared with existing conventional fingerprint recovery methods.
Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis in patients using a levonorgestrel‐containing intrauterine device
Authors: Nguyen Yvonne , Fischer Gayle 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChronic vulvovaginal candidiasis is usually responsive to therapy with oral antifungals. We present a case series of 13 patients with this condition who were also using a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS). All cases responded to ongoing oral fluconazole therapy while the LNG‐IUS was in situ. The LNG‐IUS was removed in six patients and of these, two experienced clinical improvement with lower fluconazole dosage requirements and three experienced complete resolution of symptoms. One remains on fluconazole 100 mg daily.
South–South Cooperation and the Geographies of Latin America–Caribbean Integration and Development: A Socio‐Spatial Approach
Authors: Muhr Thomas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStructured around the case of South–South cooperation in the construction of “complementary economic zones” among the member states of the ALBA‐TCP, Petrocaribe, CARICOM and MERCOSUR, this article argues for a socio‐spatial approach to the study of the Latin America–Caribbean integration and development. Two interrelated arguments are developed: first, in contrast to methodologically nationalist approaches, which typically view the regionalisms that are to form the complementary economic zones as ideologically separate, incompatible or conflicting projects, a socio‐spatial approach in conjunction with a South–South cooperation analytical lens explains their commonality and, subsequently, their interrelatedness and convergence. Second, while this South–South cooperation space is not per se non‐capitalist, a socio‐spatial analysis also facilitates “seeing” the production of a socialist “counter‐space” within this South–South cooperation structure.
Health and mineral nutrition status of yaks in southern Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Kumagai Hajime , Nakajima Mitsumi , Anzai Hiroki , Sakai Takashi , Oishi Kazato , Hirooka Hiroyuki , Shah Manoj Kumar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBiochemical values and mineral concentrations in blood plasma were investigated to evaluate the statuses of health and mineral nutrition among yaks in Mustang District, Nepal. In total, 118 plasma samples of female yaks collected in April and September/October of 2013–2015 were offered. Seventy‐four percent of yaks showed lower plasma total‐cholesterol concentrations than the lowest limit of reference range (100 mg/dL) and the values in spring (83.41 mg/dL) were lower (P < 0.05) than those in autumn (95.05 mg/dL). All the yaks had lower plasma albumin concentrations than the lowest limit of reference range (3.0 g/dL) and 66% of yaks showed lower plasma inorganic phosphorus concentrations than the critical level of phosphorus deficiency (4.5 mg/dL). Thirty‐five percent of yaks showed lower plasma calcium concentrations than the lowest limit of normal range (8 mg/dL) and the concentrations were lower in spring than in autumn (P < 0.01). Seventy‐five percent of yaks presented lower copper concentrations than the critical level (0.65 mg/L) and the concentrations were lower in spring than in autumn (P < 0.01). Since the low plasma total‐cholesterol might have indicated shortage of dry matter and energy intake, attention should be paid to the nutritional statuses of energy, phosphorus, calcium and copper in winter and early spring.
Increased corneal sub‐basal nerve density in patients with Sjögren syndrome treated with topical cyclosporine A
Authors: Levy Ora , Labbé Antoine , Borderie Vincent , Hamiche Taous , Dupas Bénédicte , Laroche Laurent , Baudouin Christophe , Bouheraoua Nacim 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate quantitative and qualitative changes in sub‐basal corneal nerves (SBN) via in vivo confocal microscopy in patients with Sjögren syndrome dry eye (SSDE) treated with topical cyclosporine A (CsA).DesignProspective, observational, non‐randomized study.ParticipantsThirty eyes of 30 patients with SSDE refractory to conventional treatment treated with CsA 0.05% twice daily for 6 months. Fifteen eyes of 15 healthy, age and gender matched, volunteers constituted the control group at baseline.MethodsA clinical evaluation of dry eye, corneal sensation using Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometry and in vivo confocal microscopy analysis of the central cornea were performed prospectively at baseline for all patients, and after 6 months of treatment with CsA.Main outcome measuresDensity, number, reflectivity and tortuosity of SBN, dendritic cell (DC) density, esthesiometry, and dry eye signs and symptoms.ResultsTopical CsA 0.05% improved clinical signs and symptoms, and increased corneal sensitivity. Following treatment, SBN density was significantly increased (P < 0.0001) associated with a decreased in DC density (P < 0.0001). The increase in SBN density after treatment was positively correlated with baseline SBN density (R2 = 0.33; P = 0.0008) and negatively correlated with baseline Ocular Surface Disease Index (R2 = 0.28; P = 0.002), Oxford score (R2 = 0.31; P = 0.002), and DC density (R2 = 0.37; P = 0.0003).ConclusionsTopical CsA led to an increase in corneal SBN density, improving clinical signs and symptoms of SSDE. Our results also suggest an improved response to treatment in patients with less initial nerve damage.
Toward accurate and precise estimates of lion density
Authors: Elliot Nicholas B. , Gopalaswamy Arjun M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractReliable estimates of animal density are fundamental to understanding ecological processes and population dynamics. Furthermore, their accuracy is vital to conservation because wildlife authorities rely on estimates to make decisions. However, it is notoriously difficult to accurately estimate density for wide‐ranging carnivores that occur at low densities. In recent years, significant progress has been made in density estimation of Asian carnivores, but the methods have not been widely adapted to African carnivores, such as lions (Panthera leo). Although abundance indices for lions may produce poor inferences, they continue to be used to estimate density and inform management and policy. We used sighting data from a 3‐month survey and adapted a Bayesian spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) model to estimate spatial lion density in the Maasai Mara National Reserve and surrounding conservancies in Kenya. Our unstructured spatial capture‐recapture sampling design incorporated search effort to explicitly estimate detection probability and density on a fine spatial scale, making our approach robust in the context of varying detection probabilities. Overall posterior mean lion density was estimated to be 17.08 (posterior SD 1.310) lions >1 year old/100 km2, and the sex ratio was estimated at 2.2 females to 1 male. Our modeling framework and narrow posterior SD demonstrate that SECR methods can produce statistically rigorous and precise estimates of population parameters, and we argue that they should be favored over less reliable abundance indices. Furthermore, our approach is flexible enough to incorporate different data types, which enables robust population estimates over relatively short survey periods in a variety of systems. Trend analyses are essential to guide conservation decisions but are frequently based on surveys of differing reliability. We therefore call for a unified framework to assess lion numbers in key populations to improve management and policy decisions.
Radiographic evidence of traumatic injuries to primary incisors without accompanying clinical signs
Authors: Holan Gideon , Yodko Elizabeth 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground/AimsIn epidemiological studies, traumatic dental injuries in children are usually determined from clinical signs or parents’ reports. Radiographs are used in dental trauma centers but not in field surveys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of patients who present with radiographic evidence of trauma without any clinical signs of a history of TDI.MethodsThe prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was assessed from the records of 674 preschool children at their first visit to a private dental practice. Evidence of the history of traumatic dental injuries was based on clinical and radiographic signs. Clinical signs consisted of enamel fracture, crown fracture with dentin exposure (with or without pulp exposure), internal coronal discoloration, and the presence of a draining sinus. Radiographic signs were as follows: root fracture, pulp canal obliteration, tube‐like mineralization, internal resorption, arrested dentin deposition, external inflammatory root resorption, and a periapical radiolucency.ResultsOf the 674 children, 408 (60.5%) presented with clinical evidence of traumatic dental injuries. This included 195 (28.9%) with enamel fracture as the sole sign. Seventeen (2.5%) had radiographic signs of traumatic dental injuries without any clinical evidence of trauma, increasing the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries by 2.5–63.0%. Fifteen of these were pulp canal obliteration, one root fracture, and one with arrested dentin deposition. Clinical signs of traumatic dental injuries without radiographic evidence of trauma were present in 275 (40.8%) patients.ConclusionTraumatic dental injuries based on both clinical and radiographic evidence are more prevalent than when based on clinical examination only.
Effect of bisphosphonates on root resorption after tooth replantation – a systematic review
Authors: Najeeb Shariq , Siddiqui Fahad , Khurshid Zohaib , Zohaib Sana , Zafar Muhammad Sohail , Ansari Shazia Akbar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground/AimReplantation of avulsed teeth may lead to root resorption. Bisphosphonates (BPs), a class of drugs of used to treat resorptive diseases of the bone such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, have been observed to exert an antiresorptive effect on periodontal bone as well. The antiresorptive properties of BPs could prove them useful in preventing root resorption of replanted avulsed teeth. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and summarize the currently available literature concerning the use of BPs in preventing root resorption of avulsed teeth.Materials and methodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase databases were searched using keywords ‘bisphosphonate’, ‘replantation’, and ‘tooth’. Quality assessment of each study was carried out. In addition, general characteristics and outcomes of each study were summarized.ResultsAfter exclusion of 116 irrelevant articles, 10 animal studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies suggest that surface application of zoledronate or alendronate reduces root resorption of replanted teeth in animal models. Surface treatment with etidronate had no significant effect on root resorption, and intracanal etidronate accelerated resorption.ConclusionSurface application of zoledronate and alendronate reduces root resorption of replanted teeth in animal models. However, the efficacy of intracanal usage of BPs is still debatable.
In and out of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau: divergence time estimation and historical biogeography of the large arctic‐alpine genus Saxifraga L.
Authors: Ebersbach J. , Muellner‐Riehl A. N. , Michalak I. , Tkach N. , Hoffmann M. H. , Röser M. , Sun H. , Favre A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimGeologically dynamic areas often harbour remarkable levels of biodiversity. Among other factors, mountain building is assumed to be a precondition for species radiation, and yet, the potential role of immigration as a source of biodiversity prior to radiation is often neglected. Here, we studied the biogeographical history of the large genus Saxifraga to unravel the role played by the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) for the diversification of this genus and to understand factors that have led to the establishment of high biodiversity in and around this region.LocationQTP and surrounding mountain ranges and worldwide distribution range of Saxifraga.MethodsUsing a total of 420 taxa (321 ingroup taxa) comprising more than 60% of extant Saxifraga species, we studied the evolutionary history of Saxifraga by performing phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference on nuclear ITS and plastid trnL–trnF, matK sequences), divergence time estimation (using uncorrelated log‐normal clock models and four fossil constraints in beast) and ancestral range estimation (using BioGeoBEARS).ResultsSaxifraga originated in North America around 74 (64–83) Ma, dispersed to South America and northern Asia during its early diversification and colonized Europe and the QTP region by the Late Eocene. The QTP region was colonized several times independently, followed in some lineages by rapid radiations, temporally coinciding with recent uplifts of the Hengduan Mountains at the southeastern fringe of the QTP. Subsequently, several lineages dispersed out of Tibet.Main conclusionsImmigration, recent rapid radiation and lineage persistence were all important processes for the establishment of a rich species stock of Saxifraga in the QTP region. Because floristic exchanges between the neighbouring areas and the QTP region were bi‐directional, the spatio‐temporal evolution of Saxifraga contrasts with the ‘out of QTP’ pattern, which has often been assumed for northern temperate plants.