bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep spatial-temporal information fusion dynamic graph convolutional network for traffic flow prediction
Authors: Li Guoyan , Wang Wei , Wang Li , Liu Yi , Zhang Minghui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Predicting traffic flow is vital for advancing intelligent transportation systems, but achieving precise forecasts remains challenging. To deeply explore the complex and diverse dynamic spatio-temporal correlation of traffic data, this study proposes a information fusion spatio-temporal dynamic graph convolution model for traffic flow prediction. In the model construction, firstly, a dynamic graph generation module is designed to fully capture the complex spatial correlation of the traffic network and model the changing spatio-temporal interaction; secondly, the spatial self-attention mechanism is used to dynamically focus on the spatial relationship between different nodes, and combined with the dynamic graph convolution network to extract the spatial dynamic correlation features of the road network to study deep spatio-temporal information; Finally, existing models rarely consider other traffic information related to traffic flow, and a spatio-temporal information fusion module is designed to enhance the ability of the model to perceive information, thereby improving the performance of traffic flow prediction models. Experiments are conducted on four real traffic datasets using three performance evaluation metrics and 18 baseline models. The results show that the model has higher prediction accuracy.
CBS-YOLOv5: fault detection algorithm of electrolyzer plate with low-resolution infrared images based on improved YOLOv5
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Zhu Jianyu , Zhu Zhanyu , Zhu Hongqiu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the process of copper electrorefining, accurate detection of electrode plate faults is extremely challenging due to the low resolution of captured infrared images, significant noise interference, and dense electrode plate arrangements. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv5-based electrode plate fault detection algorithm called CBS-YOLOv5. This algorithm introduces several innovations over the original YOLOv5, including: the incorporation of coordinate attention to enhance the ability of the feature extraction network to separate target information from noise; the construction of a small object detection module to improve the detection of dense small objects by increasing the resolution of the feature map; the replacement of the traditional path aggregation network with a Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) for more flexible multi-scale feature fusion; and the integration of the swin transformer to optimize the cross-stage partial bottleneck structure, significantly enhancing the model’s ability to detect densely packed small objects. Experimental results show that the proposed CBS-YOLOv5 model achieves an accuracy of 88.1%, which is an improvement of 5.7% over the base model. Furthermore, this algorithm demonstrates exceptional detection capabilities for dense small objects in low-resolution infrared images while maintaining real-time detection speed, making it suitable for various complex industrial scenarios, including fault detection in non-ferrous metal electrolysis processes. CBS-YOLOv5 not only improves detection accuracy and robustness but also has broad application prospects, offering a new solution for intelligent manufacturing and industrial inspection.
A short-circuit protection scheme for active distribution networks based on improved adaptive current reliability coefficient
Authors: Sun Haoyue , Zhang Xinhui , Xu Honglu , Guo Aiyu , Xie Shuyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Addressing the issue of misoperation in traditional three-zone current protection caused by the assisted, drawdown, or reverse current due to the large-scale integration of distributed generation (DG) into distribution networks (DNs), an adaptive current short-circuit protection scheme based on local information is proposed for active DNs (ADNs). Firstly, the adaptive current protection reliability coefficients are improved for the setting of protection zones I and II of the lines in the ANDs. On the DG side, an improved reliability coefficient is constructed using an e-exponential function. Subsequently, the distance between the fault point and the busbar is calculated by analyzing the relation between the positive-sequence voltage and positive-sequence current at the measuring point when faults occur at various locations. Based on this distance parameter, the reliability coefficient is adjusted in real time. Finally, the modified adjustable reliability coefficient, along with the online-calculated equivalent impedance and equivalent electromotive force, is used to coordinate the setting of short-circuit protection zones I and II of the lines in the ADNs. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with traditional adaptive current protection schemes, this proposed scheme is independent of the location of short-circuit fault points, the grid-connected capacity, or the number of DGs, exhibiting better selectivity and reliability.
Device simulation study of multilayer MoS2 Schottky barrier field-effect transistors
Authors: He Zhuoyang , Yang HeeBong , Young Kim Na 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a representative two-dimensional layered transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductor. Layer-number-dependent electronic properties are attractive in the development of nanomaterial-based electronics for a wide range of applications including sensors, switches, and amplifiers. MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) have been studied as promising future nanoelectronic devices with desirable features of atomic-level thickness and high electrical properties. When a naturally n-doped MoS2 is contacted with metals, a strong Fermi-level pinning effect adjusts a Schottky barrier and influences its electronic characteristics significantly. In this study, we investigate multilayer MoS2 Schottky barrier FETs (SBFETs), emphasizing the metal-contact impact on device performance via computational device modeling. We find that p-type MoS2 SBFETs may be built with appropriate metals and gate voltage control. Furthermore, we propose ambipolar multilayer MoS2 SBFETs with asymmetric metal electrodes, which exhibit gate-voltage dependent ambipolar transport behavior through optimizing metal contacts in MoS2 device. Introducing a dual-split gate geometry, the MoS2 SBFETs can further operate in four distinct configurations: p − p, n − n, p − n, and n − p. Electrical characteristics are calculated, and improved performance of a high rectification ratio can be feasible as an attractive feature for efficient electrical and photonic devices.
Post-irradiation darkening model for EBT-3 films characterized using a single lot calibration approach
Authors: Caprioli Marco , Delombaerde Laurence , De Roover Robin , Crijns Wouter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. In this study, we present a model to correct the progressive post-irradiation darkening of EBT3 films. The model allows for a clinical use of EBT3 using application and calibration films scanned with different post-irradiation times. Approach. The model is a post-irradiation time- and dose-dependent power-law function, projecting the scanned transmittance of application films to the transmittance matching the same post-irradiation time of calibration films. The model was characterized for two EBT3 production lots within the dose range 0.1–12.8 Gy. A first characterization was performed utilizing calibration films scanned repeatedly for 54 d post-irradiation (lot 1), while a fast re-characterization of a second lot used three post-irradiation times (lot 2). For a long-term validation of the model, 16 film strips were irradiated at 2 Gy on different time points starting from the day of film calibration up to 43 d afterwards (lot 1). For the multiple-dose validation of the model, 8 strips were irradiated with dose levels ranging 0–12 Gy deposited 25 d after the calibration (lot 2). As a proof of principle, the model was applied to four clinical patient-specific quality assurance film measurements with prescribed dose/fraction ranging 2.66 Gy–8 Gy. Main results. The post-irradiation transmittance decreased for higher doses up to −2.5% at 12.8 Gy, and 54 d post-irradiation. With a lot-specific model correction, the mean dose accuracy of validation strips that ranged from initial −3.4% (triple-channel) and −9.90% (blue-channel) reduced to within 3.0% (all colour channels) for doses above 1 Gy. The median dose difference with the planned dose improved from −3.5% to −1.1%, and the 3%/2 mm local gamma ranged from (48.5–92.5)% to (81.2–99.2)%. Significance. A film darkening model corrects the transmittance of EBT3 films and increases the flexibility of existing dosimetry protocols. The correction ensures dose accuracies within 3%.
Magneto-acousto-electrical tomography based on frequency response compensated linearly frequency-modulated signal stimulation
Authors: Li Meijia , Wang Jianfei , Jia Kebin , Sun Zhishen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. In magneto-acousto-electrical tomography (MAET), linearly frequency-modulated (LFM) signal stimulation uses much lower peak voltage than the spike pulse stimulation, lengthening the operation life of the transducer. However, due to the uneven frequency responses of the transducer, the low-noise amplifier (LNA), and the bandpass filter (BPF), MAET using LFM signal stimulation suffers from longitudinal resolution loss. In this paper, frequency response compensated linearly frequency-modulated (FRC-LFM) signal stimulation is investigated to resolve the problem. Approach. The physical model of measurement of the frequency responses of the transducer and the cascading module of the detection electrodes, the LNA, and the BPF is constructed. The frequency responses are approximated by fitting a curve to the measurement data. The frequency response compensation function is set to the reciprocal of the product of the frequency responses. The digital FRC-LFM signal is generated in MATLAB and converted to analog signal through an arbitrary waveform generator. Two groups of MAET experiments are designed to confirm the performance of the FRC-LFM signal stimulation. Pure agar phantom with rectangular through-holes and agar phantom with pork tissue inclusion serve as the samples. Main results. The pulse-compressed magneto-acousto-electrical signal obtained using FRC-LFM stimulation has narrower main-lobe than that obtained using LFM excitation, although the signal to noise pulse interference ratio of the former is little lower than that of the latter, which is due to the limitation of the power amplifier. FRC-LFM also proves to be an effective method to utilize the frequency outside the working band of the transducer in MAET. Significance. The method in this study compensates for the longitudinal resolution loss due to the uneven frequency responses. Combining with high-capability power amplifier and high-performance LNA, the MAET using FRC-LFM signal stimulation can potentially achieve high longitudinal resolution and high sensitivity, advancing MAET toward the clinical application.
A surface-shunting method for the prevention of a fault-mode-induced quench in high-field no-insulation REBCO magnets
Authors: Dong Fangliang , Park Dongkeun , Kim Junseong , Bascuñán Juan , Iwasa Yukikazu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we apply a surface-shunting method to prevent quenches in no-insulation (NI) REBCO magnets triggered by external failures of magnet current leads or power suppliers (i.e. fault mode). In a high-field magnet system, an NI coil may still be at risk during the mentioned quench events even if the whole magnet is well-designed, non-defective, and properly operated. The mechanism of this fault-mode quench initiation and propagation still remains unclear, complicating the development of reliable quench protection. Here, we present this mechanism to demonstrate a corresponding practical quench-preventive approach named surface shunting, which utilizes a low-temperature solder attached to the top and bottom of pancake coils. We validate the effectiveness of this approach by comparing the electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical behaviors in the fault mode with and without the shunt. We conclude that the surface shunt suppresses the fault-mode quench initiation and propagation by redirecting the original turn-to-turn current and induced overcurrent out of the NI winding. We anticipate this work can provide a solution to improve the operational safety of high-field high-temperature superconducting NI magnets against quench and potential damage during fault modes.
Exotic spin-Hall effect in non-Hermitian optical systems
Authors: Tan Yawei , Zhang Zan , Wang Rong , Zhou Qiang , Chen Jie , Ling Xiaohui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We systematically explore the origin and evolution of the exceptional points (EP) when a light beam is scattered by a parity-time (PT)-symmetric system using a scattering matrix approach and a full-wave theory. It is demonstrated that the PT-symmetric system switches between symmetry and symmetry-breaking phases at the EPs, giving rise to singular features in the Fresnel coefficients and causing the spin-Hall effect (SHE) near the EPs to exhibit anomalous features such as significantly enhanced transverse spin-Hall shifts and additional in-plane spin-Hall shifts. This exotic SHE can be explained by the significant beam intensity distortion caused by the destructive interference between the spin-maintained normal modes and the spin-reversed abnormal modes in the scattered light. This phenomenon can further be understood in terms of vortex mode decomposition, wherein it can be interpreted as the competition and superposition of three vortex modes with topological charges of −1, 0, and 1, respectively. These findings elucidate the mechanism of the unusual SHE around the EPs and offer potential avenues for EP-based sensing and structured light manipulation.
Emerging cost-time Pareto front for diffusion with stochastic return
Authors: Singh Prashant 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Resetting, in which a system is regularly returned to a given state after a fixed or random duration, has become a useful strategy to optimize the search performance of a system. While earlier theoretical frameworks focused on instantaneous resetting, wherein the system is directly teleported to a given state, there is a growing interest in physical resetting mechanisms that involve a finite return time. However employing such a mechanism involves cost and the effect of this cost on the search time remains largely unexplored. Yet answering this is important in order to design cost-efficient resetting strategies. Motivated from this, we present a thermodynamic analysis of a diffusing particle whose position is intermittently reset to a specific site by employing a stochastic return protocol with external confining trap. We show for a family of potentials

U
R

(
x
)
∼

|

x

|

m

with m > 0, it is possible to find optimal potential shape that minimises the expected first-passage time for a given value of the thermodynamic cost, i.e. mean work. By varying this value, we then obtain the Pareto optimal front, and demonstrate a trade-off relation between the first-passage time and the work done.
Selective Rashba spin–orbit coupling manipulation in triple quantum wells
Authors: Meng Fanhua , Min Wenjing , Liu Wen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We explore the Rashba (α) spin–orbit coupling (SOC) manipulation in AlInSb/InSb triple quantum wells (QWs) with three subbands occupied in the presence of the external gate voltage V

b
. Diverse behaviors of α can be demonstrated by adjusting the structural parameters of the wells, which is greatly desirable for the design of multifunctional QW-based spintronic devices. Specifically, the first (lowest) subband always has larger Rashba coupling against the variations in the structural parameters and V

b
than the other subbands, conducive to spin detection. α

ν
s (ν = 1, 2, 3 is the subband index) of the second and third subbands take on dual (magnitude and sign) change owing to the regulation of the inner barrier height δ, may facilitating the realization of stretchable persistent spin helix in multiple QWs. Strikingly, α
3 can keep essentially zero in a wide gate range corresponding to asymmetrical QW structural configurations, by adjusting δ. However, when widening the well to a certain extent the δ-dependence of α become fixed, i.e. ∣α
1∣ > ∣α
2∣ > ∣α
3∣ maintains in wide triple-well systems. All these findings may shed light on selective and precise SOC control in QW systems for experiments.
Tribological and corrosion performance of duplex electrodeposited Ni-P/Ni-W-P coatings
Authors: Biswas Palash , Das Suman Kalyan , Sahoo Prasanta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present research investigates the properties of duplex electrodeposited Ni-P/Ni-W-P coatings consisting of Ni-P and Ni-W-P as inner layers alternately. This study aims to examine how various heat treatment conditions affect the mechanical, tribological, and electrochemical properties of the coatings.The results show that the heat treatment temperature and duration have a profound influence on the coating’s microstructure, which significantly affects its overall performance. Optimal microhardness and lower wear rates are observed at 400 °C temperature for 1 h duration. However, at 800 °C for 4 h, duplex electrodeposited coatings display cracks and increased oxide layers, negatively impacting mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties. The Ni-W-P outer layer coating exhibited higher hardness and a lower wear rate compared to the Ni-P outer layer coatings. However, the assessment of corrosion behavior shows that Ni-P offers increased corrosion resistance, largely due to its ability to form a passive layer, which is further enhanced after heat treatment. When compared to their individual single-layer coatings, the present duplex coatings demonstrate superior overall performance.
Synergy of photoluminescence emission and antibacterial activity of Ag-Cu2O nanocomposite
Authors: Santra Saikat , Tudu Parimal , Kuiri Bibhatsu , Pramanik Subhamay , Patra Ardhendu Sekhar , Kuiri Probodh K , Gorai Sourav , Raha Subrata 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Conglomerate nanocomposites comprising metal and metal oxide hold significant potential for exhibiting properties that surpass the combined characteristics of their individual components, owing to the interactions occurring at the interfaces between the metal and metal oxide elements. In this study, we present the synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) (with diameters ranging from 40 to 53 nm) and Ag-Cu2O nanocomposites using an aqueous solution method at room temperature, employing varying concentrations of Ag NPs. Through optical absorption studies, we determined the optical band gap of Cu2O NPs in 0.5Ag-Cu2O, 1Ag-Cu2O, and 1.5Ag-Cu2O nanocomposites samples to be 2.13 eV, 2.25 eV, 2.34 eV, and 2.41 eV, respectively. The x-ray diffraction data are analysed using the Williamson–Hall technique and revealed noteworthy variations in microstructural characteristics such as strain and stress within the Cu2O nanocrystallites fabricated under different Ag concentrations. The nanocomposites amplified the intensities of violet-blue, blue, and green photoluminescence (PL) emissions, attributable to the interfaces between Ag and Cu2O, lattice mismatches, and the induced microstructural parameters lattice strain, and stress of Cu2O nanocrystallites. The enhanced PL intensities can be attributed to the influence of the local electric field on the Ag core composites. The Ag-Cu2O nanostructure exhibits potential applications in water purification technologies, while the PL emission properties and low band gap (∼2.13 eV) hold promising applications in optoelectronic devices. The antibacterial activities of Cu2O and Ag-Cu2O nanomaterials against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia fergusonii are examined using MH agar well plate diffusion methods. Here, Ag NPs enhance bactericidal effectiveness through enhanced interaction with bacteria and the release of Ag+ ions, while the Cu2O shell discontinuity on Ag NPs contributes to their unique antibacterial properties.
A study of optical properties and electron energy loss spectra of ZnS by linear response theory
Authors: Joshi Nikhil , Jangir Shruti , Sharma Saloni , Maurya Vijay , Joshi K B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The linear response theory has been applied to study the optical properties and electron energy loss spectra of ZnS. The ground state is built using the Full-Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave method. Thereafter, the electronic properties such as band structure and density of states are calculated. Calculations of electron energy loss spectra and optical properties are performed on the top of these ground state electronic properties. The calculations are performed using three exchange–correlation kernels namely, adiabatic local density approximation, long range contribution, and the bootstrap. The random phase approximation is also considered. An approach proposed by us to find the material dependent parameter

α

is used in long range contribution kernel to capture more accurate optical properties. Three values of

α

viz 0.78, 1.09, and 1.22 are considered. It is observed that the

α

= 0.78 gives very good results. This proposed scheme is found to work very well for ZnS also. The effect of local field and electron–hole interaction on the spectra is examined. For example after incorporating local field effect the high frequency dielectric constant

ε

∞

[i.e.

ε

1

E
→
0
e
V

], reduces by 9.19, 12.26, 13.51 and 11.02% for random phase approximation, adiabatic local density approximation, long range contribution and bootstrap kernel respectively. In EELS plasmon peak positions are found using the three kernels and random phase approximation. A good accord with experimental results is noted after incorporating local field effects. It is observed that local field effect causes redshift of prominent peak (i.e. plasmon peak) in electron energy loss spectra by 0.61 eV.
Complexity and response of bio-inspired energy harvesters based on wing-beat pattern
Authors: Huang Dongmei , Wang Kangning , Li Ruihong , Li Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the dynamical mechanism of bio-inspired energy harvesters based on wing-beat pattern under harmonic excitation. Due to the existence of the gravity force in the established model, the harmonic balance method is utilized to calculate the theoretical results, which has the advantage to keep the influence of gravity force. Multiple solutions are found in the high frequency region, and they are very close in the amplitude of displacement and voltage due to the special structure of the bio-inspired energy harvester. Direct time-domain analysis verifies the effectiveness of theoretical results. The influence mechanism of the equivalent stiffness is also explored, which leads to the appearance of different states. Then, the root mean square (RMS) voltage and average power are analyzed. It is observed that a smaller damping coefficient and equivalent capacitance enhance the average electrical output and achieve greater output power. Subsequently, the bifurcation and complexity properties of the harvester are discussed. Complex phenomena are observed under different external excitations and equivalent damping, including double periodic bifurcation, multiple periodic bifurcation, and chaos phenomena. The complexity analyses confirm the effectiveness of the bifurcation results. The distribution of complexity also exhibits significant fluctuations, closely correlated with the trend of the bifurcation diagram.