bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Circulating Infectious Bursal Disease viruses in chickens from Different Egyptian Governorates during 2023
Authors: El-Fatah Amr H. Abd , Ayman Dalia , Samir Mahmoud , Eid Soad , Elgamal Mahmoud , El-sanousi A. A. , Ibrahim Mahmoud , AlKhazindar M , Ali M. M. , Afify Amira 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) induces severe immunosuppression in chickens, leading to significant economic losses in the global poultry industry. This study investigated 52 chicken flocks, including commercial broilers, layers, and baladi, from various Egyptian governorates for 2023. These flocks exhibited symptoms of depression, along with kidney and bursa lesions, indicative of IBDV infection. Pooled Bursal homogenates were tested using RT-PCR with VP2-specific primers, revealing that 20 flocks tested positive for IBDV. Six representative samples were selected from 20 positive flocks for isolation of embryonated chicken eggs. The embryonic lesions observed included hemorrhage, skull swelling, and liver necrosis with a pale-yellow appearance. Additionally, the harvested chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) showed signs of congestion and thickening. Partial amplification of the VP2 gene from the harvested embryo suspensions of the six IBDV isolates was performed for sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed that five IBDV isolates (VV4, VV5, VV6, VV10, and VV16) belonged to the very virulent strain group A3 cluster, whereas one isolate (VV2) clustered with Chinese Variant strains in the A2d group. Sequence analysis of the hypervariable region (HVR) of VP2 compared to that of Egypt-USC-IBD-1-2019 and vvIBDV/Beh21/Egypt/18 highly virulent IBDV strains revealed several amino acid mutations. The VP2 HVR of all isolates maintained the serine-rich heptapeptide sequence SWSASGS, which is adjacent to the major hydrophilic peak B and serves as a virulence marker. Histopathological examination revealed that bursae from chickens infected with very virulent IBDV exhibited marked interlobular edema and lymphoid depletion. In contrast, bursae from chickens infected with Variant IBDV showed massive lymphoid depletion, with hyperplasia of the bursal capsule. These findings highlight the circulation of both virulent and Variant IBDV strains in Egyptian chicken flocks, complicating disease control. Consequently, there is a need to update vaccination programs and vaccine strains for IBDV in Egypt.
Knowledge and Awareness of Blood Borne Infections Among Healthcare Workers in Etsako West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Momodu Amina , Shuaib Bukhari Isah , Ohenhen Johnsolomon Eghosa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Blood-borne infections (BBIs) is a dangerous occupational hazard of healthcare workers in Nigeria. BBIs considered in this study includes: Syphilis, Hepatitis B, and HIV infections. Ignorance of BBIs among healthcare worker can jeopardize the life of healthcare workers in South-South Nigeria. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of BBIs among healthcare workers in Etsako West Local Government Area of Edo State of Southern Nigeria.
Materials and Methods
330 health workers such as Clinicians, Laboratory Scientist and nurses selected from 47 health facilities within Etsako west Local Government Area participated in the study. Quantitative method of data collection was carried out using a pretested structured questionnaire that includes open ended and close ended response format. Questionnaires were sorted, and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0 software. Univariate and Bivariate analysis was done to determine variables and association between variables using 11 questions to assess knowledge under four domains viz; Definition, mode of transmission, prevention and types of BBI. For each domain, a score of ‘1’ was awarded for correct answer and ‘0’ for a wrong answer.
Results: 212 (75.4%) of health workers had a good knowledge of BBIs while 69 (24.6%) had poor knowledge of BBIs in Etsako west LGA in Edo state of Southern Nigeria.
Conclusion
Level of awareness among categories of health workers was in this order: Clinicians, Laboratory Scientist, Nurses. Level of awareness of BBIs was directly proportional to educational qualifications in Etsako West Local Government Area.
Effect of kayak ergometer training on trunk control, independence and the cardiovascular condition in individuals with a spinal cord injury
Authors: Quinzaños-Fresnedo Jimena , Rodríguez-Barragán Marlene , Palomino-Ramos Fabiola , Torres-Serrano Wendy , Barrera-Ortiz Aída , Bueyes-Roiz Virginia , Quiñones-Urióstegui Ivett , Pablo Alberto Perez-San , Velasco-Acosta Paris , García-Robledo Gabriela , Calderon-Campos Cynthia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Study Design. One of the main objectives in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation programs is the improvement of trunk control to achieve independence, to prevent complications and, in specific cases, to walk.
Objective. To determine the effect of kayak ergometer training in trunk control, cardiovascular condition and independence in individuals with a spinal cord injury.
Setting. National Institute of Rehabilitation in Mexico City.
Methods. Randomized clinical trial double blinded study. Individuals with SCI of any etiology, with a neurologic level of C8 and below, with three months to one year since injury were included. The subjects were randomized to a control group with neuro proprioceptive facilitation exercises focused in trunk control and to an experimental group with kayak ergometer training. Both groups received 5 weekly sessions for 6 weeks.
Results. 18 individuals for each training group concluded the 6-week sessions, with an age of 29.33 ± 7.78 SD. 72.2% were men with complete injuries (77.8%), and the majority had lower thoracic injuries (58.4%). At the final measurements, the kayak ergometer group showed significant improvement in trunk control (p=0.032), maximum oxygen uptake ((p<0.001) and in metabolic equivalents (p=0.002) compared to the conventional therapy group.
Conclusions. Kayak ergometer training is superior to conventional exercise (to improve trunk control and cardiovascular function in individuals with SCI.
A method for analysing data from 1- and 2-dimensional NMR experiments by determination of their expectation values and standard deviations
Authors: Sørland Geir Humborstad , Anthonsen Henrik Walbye , Simon Sebastien 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

A method for analysing ill posed multi exponentially decaying data from 1- and 2-dimensional experiments by determination of the expectation values and their standard deviation has been developed. It combines a repeated use of the discrete Anahess approach for analysing the dynamic data where a regrouping of the noise in the data is performed for each repetition.. These resulting expectation values are used as initial and restricting values to produce a distribution using the Inverse Laplace Transform, where the position and volume of the distribution can then be reported with expectation value and standard deviation. The method is verified on synthetic data and tested on real data in both one and two dimensions.
Untargeted UHPLC-HRMS Based Metabolomics for Authentication of Chicken Meat Supplied by Different Slaughter Methods of Halal, Non-Halal and Shubha
Authors: Maritha Vevi , Kartini Puri Ratna , Ihda Nur , Rivera Alice , Rezaldi Firman , Heryanto Rudi , Kurniawan Avip , Yuwono Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

To protect consumers from non-halal and shubha-halal foods, it is essential to authenticate chicken meat based on its slaughtering process. The objective of the present study is to authenticate the halalness of chicken meat based on the slaughter process. Untargeted metabolomics, utilizing UHPLC-HRMS combined with chemometrics, offers a selective and accurate method for verifying the halal status of chicken meat based on the slaughter process. This approach identified 29 metabolite profiles, with creatine, carnosine, and 3-methylhistidine being the most prominent metabolites. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) clearly distinguished the metabolic profiles of chicken meat slaughtered using different methods. Additionally, cluster analysis effectively grouped chicken meat based on similarities in metabolite profiles. The correlation network revealed that 21 types of metabolites are interrelated in the halal authentication process. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) accurately identified 13 potential biomarkers for halal authentication, including creatine, betaine, 2-amino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol, L-isoleucine, L-phenylalanine, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutathione, DL-glutamine, taurine, carnosine, and acetyl-L-carnitine. Overall, untargeted metabolomics combined with UHPLC-HRMS and chemometrics represents a promising method for authenticating the halal status of chicken meat, distinguishing between halal, non-halal, shubha-halal, and mixtures of halal with non-halal or shubha-halal meat.
Towards Malaria Elimination: A Case-Control Study to Assess Associated Factors to Malaria Relapses in the Extra-Amazon Region of Brazil From 2008 to 2019
Authors: Garcia Klauss Kleydmann Sabino , Henriques Karina Medeiros Deus , Balieiro Antonio Alcirley Silva , Pina-Costa Anielle , Siqueira André M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium species and is a global burden. When not treated correctly, it can reemerge as a relapse or recrudescence. Malaria relapse cases can contribute to maintaining active transmission chains and can influence the patient to develop severe malaria, potentially leading to hospitalization or death. The objective of this study is to estimate the number of malaria relapse cases in the extra-Amazon region of Brazil and to investigate the associated factors.
Methods
This is a case-control study that analyzes malaria infections caused by Plasmodium vivax, as reported in Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) for the Brazilian extra-Amazon region (an area not endemic for the disease) from 2008 to 2019. For the identification of relapse cases, deduplication record linkage processes in R software were used. Malaria relapses were defined as the case group, and new malaria infections were defined as the control group. Logistic regression models were used to assess associated factors.
Results
Of the 711 relapse episodes, 589 (82.8%) were first relapses. Most relapses (71.6%) in the time series occurred between 30 and 120 days after the previous infection. Malaria relapse cases are spread throughout the extra-Amazon region, with a higher concentration near big cities. Driver occupation was found to be a common risk factor compared to other occupations, along with individuals without symptoms, individuals infected in the Brazilian Amazon region, individuals tested for malaria relapses, and individuals with previous infections with parasitemia higher than 10,000 parasites per mm³.
Conclusions
This work provides evidence that allows malaria health surveillance services to direct their efforts to monitor cases of malaria in the highest risk segments identified in this study, particularly in the period between 30 and 120 days after infection. This is an essential step to prevent new transmission chains, possible reintroductions of cases, and the progression of the disease into severe forms, thereby reducing hospitalizations and deaths. Consequently, this contributes to achieving the goals of eliminating malaria in the country.
Comprehensive Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Soleus Muscle of Rats Exposed to Hindlimb Unloading Reveals Changes Related to Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Xi , Li Na , Du Jiawei , Qin Xiaodong , Sun Xiqing , Wang Yongchun , Li Chengfei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Skeletal muscle atrophy, which is induced by factors such as disuse, spaceflight, certain medications, neurological disorders and malnutrition, is a global health issue with clinical manifestations mainly being a reduction in muscle mass and muscle weakness. Currently there is a lack of effective treatment for muscle atrophy. Hindlimb unloading is currently a commonly used model for muscle atrophy. However, the underlying mechanism of muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb unloading remains unclear, particular from the perspective of myocyte proteome and metabolism.
Methods
We first conducted proteomic sequencing based on mass spectrometry to explore the protein abundance changes of soleus muscles from rats exposed to hindlimb unloading. Then untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed, followed by the combined analysis of proteomic and metabolomic profiles.
Results
In our study, 1052 differentially expressed proteins and 377 differentially abundant metabolites were revealed in HU group compared to CON group. These differentially expressed proteins included some proteins which are mainly expressed in the fast-twitch muscle such as ACTN3, MYH4, MYBPC2 and MYOZ1. Some metabolism-related proteins such as GLUL, GSTM4 and NDUFS4 were screened out. Some differentially abundant metabolites including arachidylcarnitine and 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, along with pathways such as histidine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism might be related to muscle atrophy. Protein and metabolism joint analysis revealed that some pathways such as glutathione metabolism, ferroptosis and lysosome pathways were likely to be involved in soleus atrophy.
Conclusion
In this study, we have applied integrated deep proteomic and metabolomic analysis. The upregulation of proteins which are expressed in fast-twitch fibers indicated the conversion of slow-twitch fibers to fast-twitch fibers under HU. Some metabolism-related proteins have been screened out. Besides, some differentially abundant metabolites and pathways revealed the important role of metabolism in the muscle atrophy of soleus. Our study provides insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of muscle atrophy that results from unloading by integrating the proteomics and metabolomics of soleus muscles.
Quantum AI in Speech Emotion Recognition
Authors: Norval Michael , Wang Zenghui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study explores Quantum AI’s potential in enhancing Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) systems. Our primary objective is to evaluate the performance of quantum-inspired algorithms compared to classical machine-learning approaches in accurately identifying and classifying emotions from speech signals. We hypothesise that quantum computing techniques can improve the efficiency and accuracy of emotion recognition, particularly in handling complex, highdimensional acoustic data. We developed a hybrid quantum-classical model that combines quantum-inspired neural networks with traditional feature extraction techniques. Our approach utilises quantum circuits for data encoding and quantum variational algorithms for classification. We implemented quantum versions of support vector machines (QSVM) and quantum approximate optimisation algorithms (QAOA) for emotion classification tasks. These quantum methods were compared against a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short Term (LSTM). The hybrid network is called a Convolutional Long Short Term network(CLSTM). The study employed a custom dataset for speech emotion recognition. We prepossessed the audio data to extract relevant acoustic features, including mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), pitch, and energy. In contrast, our implemented quantum-inspired model for this corpus showed lower performance, with the highest training accuracy of 30%, struggling with most emotions but performing best with ’Trust’. These varied results across different implementations suggest that while Quantum AI techniques show promise in advancing speech emotion recognition, their effectiveness may depend on the specific dataset, language, and model architecture used. Finally, the speed of a simulated quantum network is shown to outperform current methods in terms of matrix multiplication by leaps and bounds.
Comprehensive analysis of mRNA Transcriptome Profiles in HepG2 Cells Expressing Genotype IV Swine Hepatitis E Virus ORF3
Authors: Jiao Hanwei , Meng Chi , Jiao Fengyuan , Zhou Gengxu , Zhao Yu , Wang Lingjie , Wu Shengping , Fan Cailiang , Li Jixiang , Cao Liting , Luo Yichen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background Porcine hepatitis E is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by swine hepatitis E virus (HEV), open reading frames 3 is an important virulence protein of porcine HEV, which plays an important role in the release of viral particles and host innate immune response, regulation of autophagy and apoptosis, etc., but its main function and pathogenic mechanism are not perfect in current research. Results In our study, adenoviruses ADV4-ORF3 and ADV4-GFP were successfully constructed and mediated the overexpression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-ORF3 and EGFP in HepG2 cells. A total of 217 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were screened by high-throughput sequencing, and 27 statistically significant differentially expressed genes were screened for further quantitative real-time reverse transcription (qRT-PCR) verification by functional enrichment (Gene Ontology [GO] and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes [KEGG]). They are mainly involved in 6 pathways: cellular response to unfolded protein, Inflammatory response, cytokine activity, TNF signaling pathway, Influenza A, and Pathways in cancer. Conclusions The differential genes were successfully verified, which laid a genetic foundation for the physiological function and mechanism of HEV ORF3
Computer Simulations of Four-Array Element Antenna Using Polyethelene (PE) Substrate and Parameter Analysis for Compact, Flexible Wireless Applications
Authors: Ramyea R. , Kandasamy Senthil Kumar , Kasthuri N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Wireless communications such as radar systems and television transmission systems can be implemented through directional antennas. Advantages of C band antennas include less hampering by persistent rain diminishing between ground stations and satellites. In this paper, polymer substrate-based array antenna is designed. Conventional FR-4 substrate has certain operational constraints when it comes to high power, temperature, voltage and moisture. In order to reduce this, polyethylene substrate-based antenna is designed with four-array element. The designed antenna is simulated, the results are analysed and compared for both the substrates. The gain and directivity increased to 6.14 and 6.36 dB, respectively. Return loss has decreased to 19.71 dB and VSWR is about 5.92. The radiation efficiency for the designed four-array element antenna with polyethylene substrate is 96%. Thus, the resultant gain and efficiency of the proposed polymer substrate antenna has improved compared to the conventional substrate based antenna.
ViT-FLSFO: A method for Cervical Image Classification
Authors: Fang Qingbin , Zou Renling , Xu Jing , Guan Rui , Gu Xuelian , Hu Xiufang , Yin Xuezhi , Liu Kunyang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Early diagnosis facilitates timely intervention and treatment. Traditional colposcopy is a widely employed technique for evaluating cervical lesions. Recently, deep learning has been increasingly applied to the diagnosis of cervical diseases. However, conventional Vision Transformer (ViT) models face limitations in effectively extracting localized information, posing challenges in image recognition. This study introduces a novel model for classifying cervical images into normal, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cancerous categories. The model incorporates a Feature-token Labeling Selection Module, Feature Fusion Module，and Overlapping Sampling Module to improve the ViT model (ViT-FLSFO). This module can realize the extraction of local feature areas and short-range interaction in the image, and enhance the edge capturing ability of the model and the proficiency of solving complex problems, thereby elevating prediction accuracy. Empirical results demonstrate that the ViT-FLSFO model achieves a detection accuracy of 91.88% in the cervical image dataset, a precision of 92.91%, a recall of 91.92% and an F1-Score of 91.99%, surpassing other advanced models. Consequently, this model holds significant potential for rapid auxiliary diagnosis in cervical imaging, contributing to the early detection and treatment of cervical cancer.
Cardiac extracellular vesicles aggravate cardiomyocyte ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via miR-155-5p-Nfe2l2 signaling
Authors: Ge Xinyu , Liu Jing , Meng Qingshu , Wang Enhao , Liu Xuan , Shi Shanshan , Gong Xin , Liu Zhongmin , Han Wei , Zhou Xiaohui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury represents a major cause of cell death post myocardial infarction. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cell death (RCD) dependent on iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We recently confirmed that cardiac IR triggers the increased release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) which aggravates cardiac dysfunction. Whether and how these EVs contribute to cardiac ferroptosis during myocardial IR injury remain elusive. Murine myocardial IR models were established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 minutes and then reperfusion. Then EVs from the heart subjected to IR (IR-EVs) were isolated. Adoptive transfer of IR-EVs and EVs inhibition experiments confirmed that IR-EVs act as a vital factor that contributes to the cardiomyocyte ferroptosis during cardiac IR, with increased Ptgs2 expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, as well as decreased NADPH level. Moreover, miR-155-5p enriched in IR-EVs can be delivered into cardiomyocytes and promoted the ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes in the peroxidation injury. Nfe2l2 was further confirmed as the target gene of miR-155-5p by luciferase reporter assay. Consistently, molecules targeting Nfe2l2 modulated the H2O2 or oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced ferroptosis, involving the downstream antioxidant response elements (AREs) of the Nfe2l2 pathway including Nqo1, HO1, Fth1, and Slc7a11. In conclusion, the present results provide a novel EV-based ferroptosis regulation mechanism in cardiac IR injury. Strategies targeting the IR-EVs-miR-155-5p-Nfe2l2 axis may be of therapeutic potential to prevent cardiac ferroptosis and dysfunction after myocardial IR.
The Relationship between Social Media Marketing and Customer Engagement in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Mediating Role of Content Quality and Relevance
Authors: Karawya Hassan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The main aim of the current study was to identify the relationship between social media marketing and customer engagement in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also sought to identify the role that content quality and relevance can play in mediating this relationship. The researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical approach as the research methodology. The questionnaire was developed to identify the viewpoints of the study sample regarding this relationship. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings of the study showed that social media marketing had a significant effect on customer engagement. In addition, content quality and relevance had a significant impact on customer engagement. Furthermore, content quality and relevance mediate the relationship between social media marketing and customer engagement. The researcher recommended that brands must consider using social media "influencers" in Saudi Arabia to help generate and promote content that resonates with their followers and creates more customer engagement.