bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climbing route development affects cliff vascular plants more than subsequent climbing: A guide to evidence‐based conservation management to regulate climbing
Authors: Morales‐Armijo Felipe , Sobrevilla‐Covarrubias Andrea , Estrada‐Castillón Eduardo , Escudero Adrián , Scheepens J. F. , Lorite Juan , March‐Salas Martí 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cliff ecosystems provide refuge to 35%–66% of the world's endemic plants. However, they face growing threats from sport climbing. Evidence suggests that unclimbed cliffs harbour approximately twice the plant richness compared with climbed cliffs, with increasing impact as climbing intensity increases. Unfortunately, it remains unknown whether the climbing impact on cliff vegetation originates from the development (opening) of climbing routes or from temporal changes resulting from subsequent climbing.

We recorded cliff vascular plants and lichens at the protected natural area of El Potrero Chico (Mexico) before and after the development of new climbing routes. Subsequently, we re‐recorded the routes at sequential timepoints after 10, 20, and 30 ascents. Additionally, we examined whether the abundance of cliff vegetation influences the extent of climbing impact and whether the surroundings of the routes were also affected.

We found that the opening of climbing routes exerted the strongest negative effects on cliff plants, reducing species richness by 38%, while subsequent ascents generated a minimal impact. Worryingly, route opening affected not only species richness in the route itself but also the surroundings of the routes. After 30 ascents, cliff plant abundance decreased by 60.6% within the bolted routes, whereas it decreased by 42.3% in the surroundings. However, this impact depended on the original cliff vegetation abundance. Lichen cover showed a gradual decrease, indicating that cliff‐dwelling lichens are affected not only by the opening of the route but also by subsequent ascents.

Synthesis and applications: Given the almost non‐existent regulation of outdoor climbing activities in most countries, we urge the implementation of a conservation management protocol that defines clear strategies to regulate climbing activities and preserve pristine cliffs. On yet unclimbed cliffs with narrow endemic, rare, or threatened species, we propose banning the establishment of new climbing areas. On climbed cliffs lacking protected species, dynamic management actions should be implemented, such as setting a maximum number of routes that can be established and defining limits of acceptable change as climbing intensity increases. The proposed conservation management should help to halt the loss of unique cliff biodiversity and safeguard pristine cliff ecosystems.
Retrodiction of forest demography: Backward simulation with reverse matrix models
Authors: Picard Nicolas , Hansen Jack Andrew , Harris Nancy , Liang Jingjing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Reconstructing past ecological population dynamics and demographic events is crucial for understanding the dynamics of ecological processes, evaluating the impact of environmental changes and making informed conservation decisions. In forest ecosystems, retrodiction (i.e. the backward projection of ecological populations) plays a pivotal role in understanding historical forest carbon levels and the factors that have influenced their variation over time, because forest demography is a major determinant of the amount of carbon stored in forest ecosystems. The persistent lack of quantitative methods has been a significant obstacle in retrodicting forest demography, especially in applications of a broad geographical scale. While there is a wealth of models for predicting future forest conditions, models that can project these conditions backward in time are scarce.

This study presents reverse matrix model (RMM), an innovative retrodiction modelling approach grounded in the principles of transition matrix models. RMM is designed to deduce past demographic characteristics of ecological populations using current data, making it one of the first models capable of projecting the fine‐scale dynamics of forest demography into the past.

We assessed the retrodictive performance of RMM by fitting it to a dataset of a disturbed tropical rainforest in French Guiana in 2001–2023, then comparing the retrodictions to observations back to 1983 when the disturbance occurred. We further empirically evaluated the viability of retrodiction over a defined duration by inverting the density‐dependent matrix model by Lin et al. (1996), which predicts the dynamics of northern hardwoods in the United States.

The case studies demonstrate significant potential for RMM application in various domains of forestry and conservation, including ecosystem management and conservation planning, global change impact assessment and biodiversity monitoring.
Individualized HCC surveillance using risk stratification scores in advanced fibrosis and cirrhotic HCV patients who achieved SVR: Prospective study
Authors: Shiha Gamal , Hassan Ayman , Mousa Nasser , El‐domiaty Nada , Mikhail Nabiel , Gameaa Reham , Kobtan Abdelrahman , El Bassat Hanan , Sharaf‐Eldin Mohamed , Waked Imam , Eslam Mohamed , Soliman Riham 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackgroundSeveral HCC risk stratification scores were developed; however, none has been prospectively validated. The primary aim is to validate the clinical utility of six HCC risk scores in large prospective study of F3‐4 patients achieving SVR following DAAs according to EASL guidelines. The secondary aim is to explore whether individualized risk stratification improves detection of HCC at early stages amenable to curative treatment.MethodsThis prospective study included two cohorts: Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH) cohort of 463 chronic HCV patients with advanced liver disease (F3 and F4) achieved SVR with a follow‐up every 6 months according to EASL guidelines using 6 simple HCC risk scores and Tanta cohort of 492 comparable patients where individualized surveillance intervals were tailored based on HCC risk assessments using GES score as follows: low‐risk patients were followed yearly, intermediate‐risk every 6 months and high‐risk every 2–3 months.ResultsAll scores, except Watanabe post, successfully stratified patients into low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups, with log‐rank p‐value of 0.001 and Harrell's C ranging from 0.669 to 0.728. Clinical utility of these scores revealed that the highest percentage of patients classified as low risk was 42.5% using the GES, while the lowest was 8.9% using the aMAP. ELRIAH cohort, 25 patients developed HCC with 52% diagnosed at BCLC 0 and A. Tanta cohort, 35 patients developed HCC, with 80% diagnosed at BCLC 0 and A.ConclusionIndividualized risk stratification using HCC risk scores was associated with improved early‐stage detection and receipt of curative treatment.
Methods and measures of source monitoring in children: A scoping review
Authors: Li Qiuhong , Li Mengyuan , Wu Chao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSource monitoring (SM) refers to attributing sources of information. There are various methods for measuring SM in children. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to February 24, 2023, to summarize the methods and measures of SM in children, identifying 141 studies. The procedure for the SM tasks encompassed encoding, interval and testing. The encoding tasks were classified into ground‐based activities (n = 67), computer‐based experiments (n = 42) and mixed methods (n = 34). The testing approaches were categorized into old/new recognition and source discrimination, n‐alternative forced‐choice, yes/no questions and recall/direct questions. Among 10 commonly used indicators, source‐correct, source‐incorrect, discrimination score and source accuracy were recommended to present the SM function. We also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different SM methods in children, providing a reference for researchers to design and select SM measurements that meet their research objectives.
Real‐world genome profiling in Japanese patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma focusing on HRD implications
Authors: Doi Toshifumi , Ishikawa Takeshi , Sakakida Tomoki , Itani Junichiro , Sone Daiki , Morita Ryuichi , Kataoka Seita , Miyake Hayato , Seko Yuya , Yamaguchi Kanji , Moriguchi Michihisa , Sogame Yoshio , Konishi Hideyuki , Murashima Kyoko , Iwasaku Masahiro , Takayama Koichi , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) poses significant challenges due to its high mortality, making it a critical area of research. This retrospective observational study aimed to analyze real‐world data from comprehensive genome profiling (CGP) of Japanese patients with PDAC, mainly focusing on differences in gene detection rates among panels and the implications for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status. This study enrolled 2568 patients with PDAC who had undergone CGP between June 2019 and December 2021 using data from the nationwide Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics database. Two types of CGP assays (tissue and liquid biopsies) were compared and a higher detection rate of genetic abnormalities in tissue specimens was revealed. HRD‐related gene alterations were detected in 23% of patients, with BRCA1/2 mutations accounting for 0.9% and 2.9% of patients, respectively. Treatment outcome analysis indicated that patients with BRCA1/2 mutations had a longer time to treatment discontinuation with FOLFIRINOX than gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel as first‐line therapy (9.3 vs. 5.6 months, p = 0.028). However, no significant differences were observed in the treatment response among the other HRD‐related genes. Logistic regression analysis identified younger age and family history of breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers as predictive factors for HRD‐related gene alterations. Despite the lack of progression‐free survival data and the inability to discriminate between germline and somatic mutations, this study provides valuable insights into the clinical implications of CGP in Japanese patients with PDAC. Further research is warranted to optimize panel selection and elucidate the efficacy of platinum‐based therapies depending on the HRD status.
Interpretable machine learning model predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced hypothyroidism: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Su‐Yan , Yang Tong‐Tong , Zhao Yi‐Zhuo , Sun Yu , Zheng Xiao‐Meng , Xu Hong‐Bin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHypothyroidism is a known adverse event associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment. This study aimed to develop an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for individualized prediction of hypothyroidism in patients treated with ICIs. The retrospective cohort of patients treated with ICIs was from the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University. ML methods applied include logistic regression (LR), random forest classifier (RFC), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) was the main evaluation metric used. Furthermore, the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) was utilized to interpret the outcomes of the prediction model. A total of 458 patients were included in the study, with 59 patients (12.88%) observed to have developed hypothyroidism. Among the models utilized, XGBoost exhibited the highest predictive capability (AUC = 0.833). The Delong test and calibration curve indicated that XGBoost significantly outperformed the other models in prediction. The SHAP method revealed that thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) was the most influential predictor variable. The developed interpretable ML model holds potential for predicting the likelihood of hypothyroidism following ICI treatment in patients. ML technology offers new possibilities for predicting ICI‐induced hypothyroidism, potentially providing more precise support for personalized treatment and risk management.
Evaluation of Virtual Care in Kidney Transplant Recipients in the Early Posttransplant Period
Authors: Almarzouk Saad , Alazwari Monther , Matias Evangelyn Grace , Clase Catherine M. , Yohanna Seychelle 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThough virtual care was widely adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, evidence to support its use in kidney transplant recipients early after transplantation is limited.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing post kidney transplant outcomes in patients who received in‐person transplant care before the COVID‐19 pandemic with those who received mainly virtual transplant care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The usual‐care group included 69 patients who received a kidney transplant from March 1, 2019 to September 1, 2019, and the virtual‐care group included 64 patients who received a kidney transplant from September 1, 2020 to March 1, 2021.ResultsAt 6 months, five patients in the usual‐care group and three patients in the virtual‐care group died. There was one graft loss and one episode of acute rejection in the usual‐care group, and two episodes of acute rejection in the virtual‐care group (p = 0.60). Estimated glomerular filtration rate was higher for patients in the virtual‐care group (59 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 52 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.046) and serum creatinine was not different (138 µmol/L vs. 127 µmol/L, p = 0.27). There was no difference in mean blood pressure or hospitalizations.ConclusionOutcomes were similar among recipients of a kidney transplant prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic when care was mainly in person and during the pandemic when care was mainly virtual, without a signal of harm. Patient and donor selection may have led to unmeasured differences between groups.
S3 guideline: Diagnosis and treatment of epidermal necrolysis (Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis) – Part 1: Diagnosis, initial management, and immunomodulating systemic therapy
Authors: Heuer Ruben , Paulmann Maren , Annecke Thorsten , Behr Björn , Boch Katharina , Boos Anja M. , Brockow Knut , French Lars E. , Gille Jochen , Gundlach Verena , Hartmann Bernd , Höger Peter , Hofmann Silke C. , Klein Tobias , Lehnhardt Marcus , Liß Yvonne , Maier Philip , Mandel Philipp , Marathovouniotis Nicos , Marlok Finnja , Mittelviefhaus Hans , Pleyer Uwe , Pradeau Marie , Rall Katharina , Rieg Siegbert , Rittner Heike , Sander Frank , Schnitzler Stefan , Schut Christina , Stolle Annette , Vorobyev Artem , Wedi Bettina , Weiss Johannes , Zepp Maximilian , Ziemer Mirjana , Mockenhaupt Maja , Nast Alexander 
Published: September 2024

SummaryStevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are rare, predominantly drug‐induced, acute, life‐threatening diseases of skin and mucosae. SJS and TEN are nowadays considered variants of one disease entity with varying degrees of severity called epidermal necrolysis (EN). EN is associated with high morbidity and mortality and constitutes a major disease burden for affected patients. The guideline “Diagnosis and treatment of epidermal necrolysis (Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis)” was developed under systematic consideration of existing scientific literature and in a formal consensus process according to regulations issued by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) to establish an evidence‐based framework to support clinical decision‐making. The interdisciplinary guideline commission consisted of representatives from various specialist societies and patient representatives. The guideline is aimed at specialists in the fields of dermatology, ophthalmology, plastic surgery, intensive care, and pediatrics in hospitals and offices, as well as other medical speciallved in the diagnosis and treatment of EN. The guideline is also aimed at patients, their relatives, insurance funds, and policymakers. This first part focuses on the diagnostic aspects, the initial management as well as the immunomodulating systemic therapy.
Tree drought–mortality risk depends more on intrinsic species resistance than on stand species diversity
Authors: Decarsin Renaud , Guillemot Joannès , le Maire Guerric , Blondeel Haben , Meredieu Céline , Achard Emma , Bonal Damien , Cochard Hervé , Corso Déborah , Delzon Sylvain , Doucet Zoé , Druel Arsène , Grossiord Charlotte , Torres‐Ruiz José Manuel , Bauhus Jürgen , Godbold Douglas L. , Hajek Peter , Jactel Hervé , Jensen Joel , Mereu Simone , Ponette Quentin , Rewald Boris , Ruffault Julien , Sandén Hans , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Serrano‐León Hernán , Simioni Guillaume , Verheyen Kris , Werner Ramona , Martin‐StPaul Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIncreasing tree diversity is considered a key management option to adapt forests to climate change. However, the effect of species diversity on a forest's ability to cope with extreme drought remains elusive. In this study, we assessed drought tolerance (xylem vulnerability to cavitation) and water stress (water potential), and combined them into a metric of drought–mortality risk (hydraulic safety margin) during extreme 2021 or 2022 summer droughts in five European tree diversity experiments encompassing different biomes. Overall, we found that drought–mortality risk was primarily driven by species identity (56.7% of the total variability), while tree diversity had a much lower effect (8% of the total variability). This result remained valid at the local scale (i.e within experiment) and across the studied European biomes. Tree diversity effect on drought–mortality risk was mediated by changes in water stress intensity, not by changes in xylem vulnerability to cavitation. Significant diversity effects were observed in all experiments, but those effects often varied from positive to negative across mixtures for a given species. Indeed, we found that the composition of the mixtures (i.e., the identities of the species mixed), but not the species richness of the mixture per se, is a driver of tree drought–mortality risk. This calls for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms before tree diversity can be considered an operational adaption tool to extreme drought. Forest diversification should be considered jointly with management strategies focussed on favouring drought‐tolerant species.
Calcium channel blockers and beta blockers in pediatric supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Sullivan John , Pompa Anthony G. , Schieber Jonah , Arora Gaurav , Dionne Audrey , Beach Cheyenne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionSupraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a common pediatric arrhythmia. Beta blockers (BBs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are used for treatment despite little data examining their use. We describe the prescriptive tendencies, efficacy, and tolerability of BBs and CCBs used in the treatment of pediatric SVT.Methods and ResultsThis is a multicenter retrospective cohort study from three academic children's hospitals. Individuals aged 1–21 years at time of SVT diagnosis initiated on a BB or a CCB between 01/01/2010 and 12/31/2020 were included. Exclusion criteria were pre‐excitation, ectopic atrial tachycardia, and hemodynamically significant heart disease. Demographic, comorbidity, symptomatology, and medication data were collected. Treatment success was defined using a composite data abstraction tool. Of 164 patients, 151 received a BB and 13 received a CCB. The success rate on the initial dosage was 46% for both BB and CCB; the success rate following dosage adjustments was also comparable for BBs (98/151, 65%) and CCBs (9/13, 69%). While 27 (18%) BB patients experienced intolerable side effects, no CCB patient did.ConclusionTreatment with a BB or CCB was successful in half of patients. BBs were prescribed more frequently than CCBs but were associated with more side effects.
Validation of the Generic Version of China Health Related Outcomes Measures (CHROME‐G) among individuals with type 2 diabetes in China
Authors: Li Meixuan , Xie Shitong , Yang Minyan , Wu Yanan , Li Zijun , Li Rui , Li Xiuxia , Li Xue , Liu Yijun , Wu Jing , Zhao Kun , Xie Feng , Yang Kehu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe Generic Version of China Health Related Outcomes Measures (CHROME‐G) was a new preference‐based health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument designed specifically for the Chinese population. This study aimed to validate and compare measurement properties of CHROME‐G with EuroQol‐5 Dimensions‐5 Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L), Short Form‐6 Dimensions version 2 (SF‐6Dv2), and Diabetes‐Specific Quality of Life (DSQL) scales among the elderly Chinese population with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA representative sample population was recruited across the country. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Hypotheses testing including convergent validity and known‐groups validity were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation and effect sizes, respectively. Sensitivity was examined using relative efficiency and receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsA total of 131 individuals with type 2 diabetes (54.20% male; mean age 69.03 years) were enrolled. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94 for DSQL, 0.93 for CHROME‐G, 0.87 for EQ‐5D‐5L, and 0.88 for SF‐6Dv2. For the convergent validity of CHROME‐G, 24/29 (82.76%) correlations met the predefined hypotheses, with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients ranging from 0.51 to 0.96. Among the different health subgroups, the effect sizes for CHROME‐G, DSQL, EQ‐5D‐5L, and SF‐6Dv2 were 0.19–1.26, 0.36–1.62, 0.22–1.06, and 0.49–0.87, respectively. CHROME‐G, DSQL, and SF‐6Dv2 had higher efficiency compared with EQ‐5D‐5L in detecting differences in self‐reported health status, with relative efficiency of 3.18 and 1.76, 4.38 and 6.52, and 1.56 and 2.09, respectively.ConclusionsCHROME‐G demonstrates relatively good measurement properties compared with EQ‐5D‐5L and SF‐6Dv2 for measuring the HRQoL among the elderly Chinese population with type 2 diabetes. The sensitivity of DSQL appears to be better than that of the three generic instruments.
The urban–rural gap in older Americans’ healthy life expectancy
Authors: Chapel Jack M. , Currid‐Halkett Elizabeth , Tysinger Bryan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeEstimate health‐quality‐adjusted life expectancy (QALE) for Americans nearing retirement age and assess rural–urban disparities in QALE.MethodsWe used a dynamic microsimulation model based on Health and Retirement Study data to estimate the quantity and health quality of expected future life years for rural and urban Americans ages 59–60 in 2014–2020.FindingsCohort life expectancy at age 60 (LE) for urban and rural men was 22.9 and 20.9, respectively; for urban and rural women, LE was 25.6 and 25.0, respectively. Adjusting future life years to quality‐adjusted life years, QALE was 17.5 versus 15.7 for urban versus rural men, and 19.3 versus 18.7 for women. Compared to a cohort in 1994–2000, the urban–rural QALE gap in 2014–2020 grew substantially for men; changes for women were smaller. Average QALE masked heterogeneity by race/ethnicity, education, and Census region. Counterfactual scenarios suggested eliminating smoking and managing obesity and prevalent heart conditions would be particularly beneficial for increasing rural QALE and reducing the urban–rural gap.ConclusionsExpected health quality, in addition to longevity, is an important factor when assessing rural disparities in older Americans’ future life outcomes. Current chronic disease disparities are expected to translate to a widening urban–rural gap in QALE, particularly for men. Interventions earlier in life may be needed to fully address disparities in QALE at older ages.