bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Binding to Nanoparticles and Colloids in Forest Stream Waters
Authors: Gottselig Nina , Nischwitz Volker , Meyn Thomas , Amelung Wulf , Bol Roland , Halle Cynthia , Vereecken Harry , Siemens Jan , Klumpp Erwin 
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas
There are three distinct fractions of natural nanoparticles and colloids.
These unique fractions have different preferential P binding.
The fractions include Fe–P, organic C–P, and clay–P.
Field flow fractionation coupled online to OC detector for size resolved OC detection.
Elemental contents in catchment headwaters are indicative of the load of nutrients and minerals cycled or released from ecosystems, yet little is known about natural colloids (1–1000 nm) and especially natural nanoparticles (NNP, 1–100 nm) as nutrient carriers in forested headwater streams. We hypothesize that the majority of P is bound to NNP in forest streams but that their size and composition varies for different forested headwater systems. Four forested sites in Germany and one in Norway, which differ in total P content, were sampled for stream water and analyzed for colloids. The samples were fractionated using field flow fractionation coupled to inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and an organic C detector. The results showed that NNP and colloids from all sites could be separated into three distinct fractions (approximately 1–20 nm, >20–60 nm, and >60 nm). The elemental concentrations of P, organic C, Al, Si, Fe, and Mn in the fractions differed among the five sites. However, cluster analysis showed that each fraction had unique elemental signatures with different preferential P binding partners. Phosphorus was preferentially associated with Fe in the smallest size fraction, with an increasing contribution of organic‐C‐associated P as the fraction size increased. The largest fraction was dominated by clay minerals. Also, the data indicated that the relative contribution of the NNP and colloidal fractions for ecosystem nutrient supply rises as total P concentrations decline. The study highlighted the still underestimated importance of NNP for matter transport in forest streams and thus P cycling.
Особливості вмісту вітаміну D при хронічному вірусному гепатиті С
Authors: Shostakovych-Koretska L.R. , Nikolaichuk M.A. , Budaieva I.V. , Shevchenko-Makarenk O.P. , Tkachenko V.D. 
Published: February 2017

Останніми роками увагу багатьох вчених світової медицини привертає тема імуномодулюючої ролі вітаміну D в організмі людини, а саме: його участь у проліферації та диференціації імунокомпетентних клітин, активації неспецифічного імунітету та його антифіброзні властивості. В роботі надані результати дослідження біохімічного статусу активної форми 5-гідроксихолекальциферолу (25(ОН)D3) у хворих із хронічним гепатитом С. Доведено наявність абсолютного дефіциту 25(ОН)D3 у хворих на хронічний гепатит С.
Access to Kidney Transplantation among HIV-Infected Waitlist Candidates
Authors: Locke Jayme E. , Mehta Shikha , Sawinski Deirdre , Gustafson Sally , Shelton Brittany A. , Reed Rhiannon D. , MacLennan Paul , Bolch Charlotte , Durand Christine , Massie Allan , Mannon Roslyn B. , Gaston Robert , Saag Michael , Overton Turner , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: February 2017

Background and objectives
Kidney transplantation among HIV-infected patients with ESRD confers a significant survival benefit over remaining on dialysis. Given the high mortality burden associated with dialysis, understanding access to kidney transplantation after waitlisting among HIV+ candidates is warranted.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients were linked to Intercontinental Marketing Statistics pharmacy fills (January 1, 2001 to October 1, 2012) so that we could identify and study 1636 HIV+ (defined as having filled one or more antiretroviral medications unique to HIV treatment) and 72,297 HIV− kidney transplantation candidates.

Results
HIV+ waiting list candidates were more often young (<50 years old: 62.7% versus 37.6%; P<0.001), were more often men (75.2% versus 59.3%; P<0.001), were more often black (73.6% versus 27.9%; P<0.001), had longer time on dialysis (years: 2.5 versus 0.8; P<0.001), were more often coinfected with hepatitis C virus (9.0% versus 3.9%; P<0.001), and were less likely to remain active on the waiting list (37.7% versus 49.4%; P<0.001). Waitlist mortality among HIV+ candidates was similar compared with HIV− candidates (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 1.20; P=0.67). In contrast, likelihood of living donor kidney transplantation was 47% lower (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.64; P<0.001), and there was a trend toward lower likelihood of deceased donor kidney transplantation (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.01; P=0.07) compared with in HIV− candidates.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the need for additional study to better understand disparities in access to kidney transplantation, particularly living donor kidney transplantation, among HIV+ kidney waitlist candidates.
Teste de micronúcleos como ferramenta para avaliação da exposição ocupacional a pesticidas: revisão
Authors: BALLESTRERI ERICA 
Published: February 2017

Apesar dos efeitos benéficos relacionados ao uso de pesticidas como no controle de pragas e vetores importantes na saúde pública, muitos desses produtos podem apresentar perigos potenciais para o meio ambiente e a saúde humana. Os pesticidas são considerados compostos genotóxicos ca­pazes de induzir dano direto e indireto no DNA. Para avaliar o dano genético, estudos de biomonitoramento têm sido cada vez mais aplicados, pois além de identificar o risco potencial de surgimento de doenças em populações expostas, também auxilia na identificação de fatores de risco e medidas adequadas para serem implementadas no controle dessas agressões a saúde humana. O teste do micronúcleo oferece vantagens em relação aos demais testes de biomonitoramento incluindo baixo custo, procedimento técnico mais fácil, rapidez de análise para triagem de grande número de substâncias, além de diversos tipos celulares como linfócitos de sangue periférico, células epiteliais da mucosa oral, mucosa vaginal, entre outros poderem ser utilizados para a realização do teste. É considerado padrão ouro para avaliação citogenética de lesões que ocorrem no DNA, pois serve como indicador de mutagenicidade e como instrumento de monitoração, considerando que a frequência de MN retorna aos níveis basais quando o organismo permanece durante certo período sem contato com esses agentes indutores. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa revisão é demonstrar a importância do teste de micronúcleos como ferramenta para avaliação da exposição ocupacional aos pesticidas.
Anatomical nuances of the internal carotid artery in relation to the quadrangular space
Authors: Dolci Ricardo L. L. , Ditzel Filho Leo F. S. , Goulart Carlos R. , Upadhyay Smita , Buohliqah Lamia , Lazarini Paulo R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical variations of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in relation to the quadrangular space (QS) and to propose a classification system based on the results.METHODSA total of 44 human cadaveric specimens were dissected endonasally under direct endoscopic visualization. During the dissection, the anatomical variations of the ICA and their relationship with the QS were noted.RESULTSThe space between the paraclival ICAs (i.e., intercarotid space) can be classified as 1 of 3 different shapes (i.e., trapezoid, square, or hourglass) based on the trajectory of the ICAs. The ICA trajectories also directly influence the volumetric area of the QS. Based on its geometry, the QS was classified as one of the following: 1) Type A has the smallest QS area and is associated with a trapezoid intercarotid space, 2) Type B corresponds to the expected QS area (not minimized or enlarged) and is associated with a square intercarotid space, and 3) Type C has the largest QS area and is associated with an hourglass intercarotid space.CONCLUSIONSThe different trajectories of the ICAs can modify the area of the QS and may be an essential parameter to consider for preoperative planning and defining the most appropriate corridor to reach Meckel's cave. In addition, ICA trajectories should be considered prior to surgery to avoid injuring the vessels.
Giant melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (melanotic progonoma) of the head and neck: report of a malignant case
Authors: Nicosia Giancarlo , Spennato Pietro , Aliberti Ferdinando , Cascone Daniele , Quaglietta Lucia , Errico Maria Elena , Muto Mario , Ionna Franco , Cinalli Giuseppe 
Published: February 2017

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a rare congenital pigmented neoplasm of neural crest origin, locally aggressive, growing rapidly and developing during the 1st year of life. It most commonly arises from the maxilla, cranial vault, and mandible. Occasionally, it exhibits malignant behavior with local lymph nodes involvement. Cases misdiagnosed and left untreated for a long time can present challenges due to the tumor mass and infiltration. In these cases, adjuvant chemotherapy can be extremely helpful before radical excision.Authors of this report describe a 4-year-old boy from a developing country who was referred to their hospital with an ulcerated bulging lesion in the midline/right parietooccipital region, extending to the right laterocervical and parotid regions, resulting in significant craniofacial deformation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a highly enhancing tumor with intracranial and extracranial development extending mainly at the level of the right parietooccipital region, with lytic and hypertrophic alterations of the skull. The patient was managed with neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy and radically resective surgery on metastatic lymph nodes and the primary tumor of the skull. Scheduled radiotherapy was not performed, according to the parents' wishes. The patient returned to his native country where the lesion recurred, and he ultimately died approximately 10 months after the end of the treatment.The literature indicates that tumor removal alone has been the treatment of choice in most isolated cases, but in cases of highly advanced tumor with involvement of the skull and cervical lymph nodes, it is preferable to proceed with preoperative chemotherapy with the aim of reducing the tumor volume, allowing better technical conditions for complete surgical removal, and decreasing the risk of local recurrence or metastasis.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Features of Chorioretinal Folds: A Case Series
Authors: Del Turco Claudia , Rabiolo Alessandro , Carnevali Adriano , La Spina Carlo , Bettin Paolo , Querques Giuseppe , Bandello Francesco 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To report 3 cases of ocular chorioretinal folds from different etiologies and their aspect with the new imaging technology of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCT-A). Methods Baseline data, investigational process on etiology, and follow-up data of patients referred for chorioretinal folds to the Medical Retina & Imaging Unit of San Raffaele Hospital in the period January-March 2016 were collected. Multimodal imaging evaluation, comprehensive of infrared, fundus autofluorescence, multicolor, spectral-domain OCT, and OCT-A, was performed on all patients. Results Four eyes of 3 men, 65, 46, and 50 years of age, showed chorioretinal folds secondary to central serous chorioretinopathy, postoperative hypotony (after deep sclerectomy), and anisometropia with unilateral hyperopia, respectively. In all cases, OCT-A imaging showed a signal reduction in the choriocapillaris layer in correspondence of the folds. Due to this signal reduction, the en face reconstruction of choriocapillaris layer showed, in all cases, a peculiar tigroid aspect. The aspect of the folds at OCT-A remained unchanged during the 3-month follow-up in all patients. Conclusions Optical coherence tomography angiography shows a typical linear signal reduction in the choriocapillaris layer in correspondence of the fold with a tigroid pattern. We hypothesize this aspect could be explained by blood flow alteration at the choriocapillaris level in correspondence of the fold.
Sudden Visual Loss after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Device Implantation
Authors: De Vitis Luigi A. , Marchese Alessandro , Giuffrè Chiara , Carnevali Adriano , Querques Lea , Tomasso Livia , Baldin Giovanni , Maestranzi Gisella , Lattanzio Rosangela , Querques Giuseppe , Bandello Francesco 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To report a case of sudden decrease in visual acuity possibly due to a cardiogenic embolism in a patient who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device implantation. Methods A 62-year-old man with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and a left bundle branch block was referred to our department because of a sudden decrease in visual acuity. Nine days earlier, he had undergone cardiac transapical implantation of a CRT device, which was followed, 2 days later, by an inflammatory reaction. The patient underwent several general and ophthalmologic examinations, including multimodal imaging. Results At presentation, right eye (RE) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was counting fingers and RE pupil was hyporeactive. Fundus examination revealed white-centered hemorrhagic dots suggestive of Roth spots. Fluorescein angiography showed delay in vascular perfusion during early stage, late hyperfluorescence of the macula and optic disk, and peripheral perivascular leakage. The first visual field test showed complete loss of vision RE and a normal left eye. Due to suspected giant cell arteritis, temporal artery biopsy was performed. Thirty minutes after the procedure, an ischemic stroke with right hemisyndrome and aphasia occurred. The RE BCVA worsened to hands motion. Four months later, RE BCVA did not improve, despite improvement in fluorescein angiography inflammatory sign. Conclusions We report a possible cardiogenic embolism secondary to undiagnosed infective endocarditis causing monocular visual loss after CRT device implantation. It remains unclear how the embolus caused severe functional damage without altering the retinal anatomical structure.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy
Authors: Battaglia Parodi Maurizio , Iacono Pierluigi , Romano Francesco , Bolognesi Gianluigi , Fasce Francesco , Bandello Francesco 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To analyze spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-specific findings in the different stages of vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD). Methods Thirty-seven patients were prospectively recruited. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopy, and SD-OCT. The examined findings were vitelliform material, neurosensory detachment, intraretinal hyperreflective foci, and the status of external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone, and retinal pigment epithelium. The primary outcome was the stratification of SD-OCT findings in each VMD stage. Secondary outcomes included the description of different characteristics related to intraretinal hyperreflective foci. Results Outer retinal layers were preserved almost exclusively in stage 1 (range 70%-100%), whereas their disruption and absence were typical of stages 2 to 4 (83%-100%) and stage 5 (67%-83%), respectively. Vitelliform material was found always in stages 2 and 3, 89% of stage 4, and rarely in stage 5 (33%). Neurosensory detachment was to some extent representative of stages 3 and 4 (80% and 72%, respectively) when compared with the other stages (p<0.001). Hyperreflective foci (16% of all eyes) demonstrated a progressive increase across stages 2 to 4, with slightly reduced figure in stage 5. These foci were located in the outer nuclear and plexiform layers, showed different sizes, and were not associated with a visual acuity reduction (p = 0.64). Conclusions A progressive deterioration of the outer retinal layers was noticeable in more advanced stages of VMD. The reduction of vitelliform material from stage 3 to 4 was paralleled by an increased evidence of neurosensory detachment. Although showing different size and location, hyperreflective foci did not correlate with worse BCVA.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Features of Intrachoroidal Peripapillary Cavitation
Authors: Mazzaferro Andrea , Carnevali Adriano , Zucchiatti Ilaria , Querques Lea , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To evaluate the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) features of a peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation (ICC) in a patient with high myopia. Methods A 67-year-old woman with ICC underwent visual acuity testing, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundus examination, and OCT-A. The main findings are described in this case report. Results Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed in the right eye a macular scar, a tilted disc along with a peripapillary staphyloma, and an orange-yellowish lesion on the inferior border of the disc. Structural OCT B-scan showed ICC as an intrachoroidal hyporeflective space located below the normal plane of the retinal pigment epithelium adjacent to the optic nerve head. Optical coherence tomography angiography showed the cavitation as a hyporeflective area, devoid of detectable flow from the choriocapillaris and large choroidal vessels layers, suggesting the choroid, including the residual hyperreflective tissue in the outer aspect of the retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch membrane, to be avascular in ICC. Conclusions Optical coherence tomography angiography demonstrated the absence of choroidal and choriocapillary network.
Macular Hole Surgery: The Healing Process of Outer Retinal Layers to Visual Acuity Recovery
Authors: Caprani Simona M. , Donati Simone , Bartalena Luigi , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Mariotti Cesare , Testa Francesco , Porta Giovanni , Azzolini Claudio 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT) modifications of outer retinal layers as determinants for functional recovery after surgery for idiopathic macular hole (IMH). Methods This prospective study included 23 eyes of 23 consecutive patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for IMH. We excluded patients with other retinal diseases. Baseline and follow-up evaluations at months 3 and 6 included complete ophthalmologic and instrumental evaluations. Functional evaluation was performed by Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and Amsler test. Morphologic evaluation was performed by spectral-domain 3D-OCT (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) for a deep analysis of retinal layers as well as central retinal thickness evaluation. A standard 23-G or 25-G vitreoretinal surgery was performed, completed by posterior hyaloid and inner limiting membrane peeling by means of vital dyes and gas tamponade. Statistical analysis was performed on collected data. Results The mean BCVA increased significantly from 0.57 ± 0.25 logMAR at baseline to 0.34 ± 0.22 logMAR at month 6. Intraretinal layers modification showed a progressive recomposition of inner segment/outer segment layer in 91% of patients at month 6. Retinal layers recomposition showed a progressive increase in all patients during follow-up from the immediate postoperative control to the last 6-month visit. Conclusions Optical coherence tomography examination appears useful to investigate visual recovery after macular hole surgery. To ensure postsurgical functional increase, recomposition of all retinal layers, in particular in the outer retina, is mandatory. This process could be slow and not immediately observable during follow-up examinations.
The Learning Curve for the Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Single Surgeon's First 500 Cases
Authors: Hartford James M. , Bellino Michael J. 
Published: February 2017

Background Concerns arise over the early complications encountered during the learning curve for the direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to examine the learning experience of a single surgeon in adapting this approach. Methods The 1st 500 primary total hip arthroplasties are reviewed. The patients were evaluated out to 3 months. Rates of major complications, reoperations, periprosthetic fractures, heterotopic ossification, leg length discrepancies and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve deficits were identified for each of 100 patients. Results The major complication rate decreased from 5% to 2% throughout the series. Reoperation rates fluctuated from 2% in the 1st 100 cases to 3% in the 4th 100 cases to 1% in the 5th 100 cases. The periprosthetic fracture rate decreased from 9% to 2%. Conclusions The incidence of heterotopic ossification declines throughout the series and is attributed to changes in irrigation technique and quantity. The incidence of major complications decreases with increasing experience. The most dramatic improvements occur after the 1st group of 100 cases.
Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Composites Sintered at Low Temperature for Tissue Engineering: In vitro Cell Support and Biocompatibility
Authors: Comín Romina , Cid Mariana P. , Grinschpun Luciano , Oldani Carlos , Salvatierra Nancy A. 
Published: February 2017

Background In clinical orthopedics, a critical problem is the bone tissue loss produced by a disease or injury. The use of composites from titanium and hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications has increased due to the resulting advantageous combination of hydroxyapatite bioactivity and favorable mechanical properties of titanium. Powder metallurgy is a simple and lower-cost method that uses powder from titanium and hydroxyapatite to obtain composites having hydroxyapatite phases in a metallic matrix. However, this method has certain limitations arising from thermal decomposition of hydroxyapatite in the titanium-hydroxyapatite system above 800°C. We obtained a composite from titanium and bovine hydroxyapatite powders sintered at 800°C and evaluated its bioactivity and cytocompatibility according to the ISO 10993 standard. Methods Surface analysis and bioactivity of the composite was evaluated by X-ray diffraction and SEM. MTT assay was carried out to assess cytotoxicity on Vero and NIH3T3 cells. Cell morphology and cell adhesion on the composite surface were analyzed using fluorescence and SEM. Results We obtained a porous composite with hydroxyapatite particles well integrated in titanium matrix which presented excellent bioactivity. Our data did not reveal any toxicity of titanium-hydroxyapatite composite on Vero or NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, extracts from composite did not affect cell morphology or density. Finally, NIH3T3 cells were capable of adhering to and proliferating on the composite surface. Conclusions The composite obtained displayed promising biomedical applications through the simple method of powder metallurgy. Additionally, these findings provide an in vitro proof for adequate biocompatibility of titanium-hydroxyapatite composite sintered at 800°C.