bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary approach for patients with functional and non‐functional adrenal masses and review of the literature
Authors: Akkuş Gamze , Evran Mehtap , Sert Murat , Ok Fesih , Tetiker Tamer 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdrenal incidentalomas are adrenal masses that are discovered by imaging tests performed for other reasons.AimsIn this retrospective study, we analysed 229 Turkish patients with adrenal masses and who presented with or without complaints.Study designDescriptive retrospective study and review of the literatureMethodsThis study conducted a retrospective review of 229 patients with adrenal incidentalomas that were referred to Cukurova University Hospital's endocrinological department between 2009 and 2014. We reviewed detailed patient histories, physical examination findings, and symptoms and signs related to hormonal hypersecretion or malignant neoplasm and recorded clinical indications for performing diagnostic radiological imaging. The statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS‐19 software.ResultsOf the 229 patients reviewed, 195 (85.2%) had non‐functional, benign adrenal adenomas, and 34 (14.8%) had functional lesions. Among those with functional lesions, 8 (3.5%) had lesions that secreted excess cortisol, 11 (4.8%) had lesions that secreted aldosterone, and 15 (6.6%) had lesions that secreted catecholamines. Eighty‐four patients included in the study (36.8%) underwent adrenalectomy; in 14 of these cases, the adrenalectomy was performed before surgical treatment criteria occurred. The most frequent pathologic diagnosis was adrenal cortical neoplasia (n = 38); 32 of these patients had adenomas (Weiss <4 criteria), and 6 had carcinomas (Weiss >4 criteria). Other patient diagnoses included benign pheochromocytoma (n = 13), pseudocyst (n = 12), metastasis (n = 10), haemorrhage (n = 3), necrosis (n = 1), hyperplasia (n = 2), and other (n = 5).ConclusionsDetailed endocrinological and radiological assessments of the mass nature and hormone status are necessary in cases of adrenal incidentaloma. Appropriate surgical treatment or periodic follow‐up must be determined based on the assessment results.
SAFE START: AN EARLY CHILDHOOD MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM IN A TERTIARY HEALTHCARE SETTING—A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Dirani Julien , Raad Hala , Akoury‐Dirani Leyla 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTEarly childhood mental health programs are vital for the current and future mental health and brain development of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Founded in 2014, Safe Start is the only early childhood mental health program in Beirut, Lebanon. It aims at being the prototype of such services at the national level. A retrospective analysis of the outcomes of the first year of operations has resulted in important findings about the age of the participants, their diagnoses, previous therapies that the participants have undergone, types of referrals recommended, and the number of participants who were lost to follow‐up. This first analysis pointed at the need for more in‐depth research to encompass the gaps and benefits of such services. It shows the pivotal importance of designing awareness strategies about the importance of early childhood mental health services and care; to move from a diagnostic seeking behavior to commitment to psychotherapy and follow‐up interventions.
PARENTAL CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, AND PARENTING QUALITY: EFFECTS ON TODDLER SELF‐REGULATION IN CHILD WELFARE SERVICES INVOLVED FAMILIES
Authors: Spieker Susan J. , Oxford Monica L. , Fleming Charles B. , Lohr Mary Jane 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTParents who are involved with child welfare services (CWSI) often have a history of childhood adversity and depressive symptoms. Both affect parenting quality, which in turn influences child adaptive functioning. We tested a model of the relations between parental depression and child regulatory outcomes first proposed by K. Lyons‐Ruth, R. Wolfe, A. Lyubchik, and R. Steingard (2002). We hypothesized that both parental depression and parenting quality mediate the effects of parental early adversity on offspring regulatory outcomes. Participants were 123 CWSI parents and their toddlers assessed three times over a period of 6 months. At Time 1, parents reported on their childhood adversity and current depressive symptoms. At Time 2, parents’ sensitivity to their child's distress and nondistress cues was rated from a videotaped teaching task. At Time 3, observers rated children's emotional regulation, orientation/engagement, and secure base behavior. The results of a path model partly supported the hypotheses. Parent childhood adversity was associated with current depressive symptoms, which in turn related to parent sensitivity to child distress, but not nondistress. Sensitivity to distress also predicted secure base behavior. Depression directly predicted orientation/engagement, also predicted by sensitivity to nondistress. Sensitivity to distress predicted emotion regulation and orientation/engagement. Results are discussed in terms of intervention approaches for CWSI families.
Reducing fretting‐initiated crevice corrosion in hip simulator tests using a zirconia‐toughened alumina femoral head
Authors: Kyomoto Masayuki , Shoyama Yuichi , Saiga Kenichi , Moro Toru , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTaper fretting corrosion is considered a potentially limiting factor for total hip arthroplasty longevity. Recently, attention has been focused on new materials for ceramic femoral heads, for example, zirconia‐toughened alumina (ZTA), since they have an alternative bearing surface that can improve the wear resistance. Moreover, ceramics have high chemical stability and corrosion resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ZTA and Co–Cr–Mo alloy femoral heads on their taper fretting and/or corrosion characteristics under a controlled hip simulator test. After the test, less fretting and corrosion were observed in the taper surface of the trunnion against the ZTA femoral head than for that against the Co–Cr–Mo alloy femoral head. In addition, corrosion damages were only observed in the lateral‐distal taper surface (noncontact area) of the trunnion in the Co–Cr–Mo alloy femoral head group. The ZTA femoral head group also eliminated the potential for Co ion release into the lubricants from taper corrosion, reducing the possibility of adverse local tissue inflammatory responses. In conclusion, ZTA femoral heads showed markedly less fretting corrosion compared to Co–Cr–Mo alloy femoral heads and have a lower potential for metal ion release. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2815–2826, 2018.
Interactions between the microbiota and innate and innate-like lymphocytes
Authors: Constantinides Michael G 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The microbiota, which consists of commensal bacteria, fungi, and viruses, limits the colonization of pathogens at barrier tissues and promotes immune homeostasis. The latter is accomplished through the induction and regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate lymphocytes, which include the type-1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1), NK cell, type-2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2), type-3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3), and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cell populations, and innate-like lymphocytes, such as NKT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γδ T cells, are uniquely capable of responding to the microbiota due to their tissue localization and rapid primary responses. In turn, through their effector functions, these lymphocyte populations modulate the composition of the microbiota and maintain the segregation of commensals. This review will focus on how innate and innate-like lymphocytes mediate the crosstalk with the microbiome.
Can radical margins improve prognosis in primary and localized epithelioid sarcoma of the extremities?
Authors: Sambri Andrea , Bianchi Giuseppe , Cevolani Luca , Donati Davide , Abudu Adesegun 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionEpithelioid sarcoma (ES) has a tendency to locally recur, spread proximally, and metastasize, in particular to lymphnodes and lungs. The aim of this report is to study the role of surgery and the extent of margins required for optimal management of patients with localized epithelioid sarcoma of the extremities.Material and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 77 patients affected by ES of the extremities treated at two different Institutions.ResultsTwenty‐two patients had metastasis at diagnosis. Estimated survival was 65.5% at 5 years and 50.9% at 10 years, with a better prognosis in patients with localized disease at diagnosis (P < 0.001). Among patients with localized disease, a significantly better survival was found in patients with primary tumors in which radical surgical margins were achieved (P = 0.043). Among 47 patients presenting with primary tumors, local recurrence‐free rate was 72.9% at 5 years, and 61.9% at 10 years, with a better local control achieved in patients with radical margins were achieved (P = 0.026).DiscussionWe believe that the best approach to improve both local control and survival is to aim for radical margins in patients with primary tumors. Therefore, the best chance for cure is if the first treatment is the right treatment, which we believe to be radical margins.
Morphologic and Functional Changes in Right‐Sided Cardiac Chambers in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease and Normal Pulmonary Artery Pressure
Authors: Günay Nuran , Erdem Şükran , Güvenç Tolga Sinan , Bulur Atilla , Özdil Kamil , Hasdemir Hakan , Uyan Cihangir 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of chronic liver disease (CLD) on the structural and functional characteristics of right‐sided heart chambers in patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure.MethodsFifty‐one patients with known CLD but without pulmonary hypertension or other cardiovascular conditions were consecutively enrolled, along with 25 age‐ and sex‐matched participants. Patients with CLD were classified according to the Model of End‐Stage Liver Disease score and Child‐Pugh classification. Right ventricular (RV) and right atrial (RA) dimensions, indices of RV systolic/diastolic function, and myocardial strain were measured by standard echocardiographic methods.ResultsPatients in the study group had similar RV end‐diastolic, end‐systolic, and RA dimensions compared to controls. Similarly, neither the conventional indices of RV systolic/diastolic function nor the strain imaging findings were different between groups (P > .05). Only RV free wall thickness was significantly higher in the study group (mean ± SD, 4.15 ± 0.64 versus 3.75 ± 0.37 mm; P < .001). Right ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (P = .018; r = 0.334) and RA area (P = .017; r = 0.335) had a significant correlation with RV free wall thickness in patients with CLD. Patients treated with beta blockers were found to have a significant reduction in mean RV free wall strain compared to patients who did not receive beta blocker treatment (–20.37 ± 6.6 versus –24.07 ± 6.52; P = .04).ConclusionsPatients with CLD had increased RV free wall thickness despite normal systolic pulmonary pressure, presumably secondary to cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. In the absence of pulmonary hypertension, however, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy did not cause impaired RV systolic or diastolic function.
Dietary niche relationships among predators on farmland and a protected area
Authors: Drouilly Marine , Nattrass Nicoli , O'Riain M. Justin 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe use of land for pastoralism is often associated with a reduction in the diversity and abundance of wildlife and influences conflict between farmers and predators worldwide. We explored differences in the diversity and relative abundance of medium and large animals on farmlands and a nearby protected area and compared these differences to prey consumed by 3 sympatric predators (black‐backed jackal [Canis mesomelas], caracal [Caracal caracal], and leopard [Panthera pardus]) in the Karoo region of South Africa. All 3 predators, but especially jackals and caracals, are a source of conflict with small‐stock farmers, many of whom believe that predators use the protected area as a base for raiding farmland. We determined predator diets using 657 scats collected on both land uses in subsequent years. Domestic ungulates dominated the farming landscape and comprised the bulk of prey in the scats of jackals and caracals as determined by the frequency of occurrence (42% and 25%, respectively), percent volume (47% and 32%, respectively), and ingested biomass. By contrast jackals and caracals in the reserve fed primarily on fruits and micromammals, respectively, with a lower ingested biomass of mammalian prey. No domestic sheep were in any of the scats in the reserve. We found leopard scats only in the reserve and they mostly contained wild ungulates. Dietary niche breadth and overlap were higher on farms than in the reserve and were attributed to the high consumption of domestic livestock by jackal and caracal. Dietary overlap between medium‐sized predators and leopards was small. Caracals on farms and caracals and jackals in the reserve showed strong prey preference for wild mammals, whereas jackals on farms showed prey preference for goats and sheep over similar‐sized wild mammals. Leopards showed preference for bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus) and mountain‐dwelling antelopes but consumed baboons (Papio ursinus) according to availability. Together these results fill a gap in our knowledge about jackal and caracal diets on farmland and dietary niche relationships between 3 sympatric predators in conflict with small‐stock farmers in the semi‐arid regions of South Africa. In terms of management, our results show that it is crucial that farmers protect their livestock from predators, even on farms where wild prey are abundant because of jackals' preference for sheep and goats over similar‐sized wild mammals. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Factors affecting survival and locoregional control in head and neck cSCCA with nodal metastasis
Authors: Creighton Francis , Lin Alice , Leavitt Erica , Lin Derrick , Deschler Dan , Emerick Kevin 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo determine factors affecting locoregional control (LRC) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients presenting with regionally metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCCA) of the head and neck.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsUpon review of institutional pathology database to identify patients with metastatic cSCCA, 62 subjects met the inclusion criteria between 2009 to 2012. Cox proportional hazard ratios for DSS and LRC were calculated for tumor, patient, lymph node, and treatment variables. These factors included primary site, primary tumor grade, primary tumor perineural invasion, extent of primary tumor invasion, age, immune status, parotid nodal status, invasion of facial nerve by parotid tumor, cervical nodal status, extracapsular spread, number of nodes involved, adjuvant radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. All variables were analyzed to determine impact on LRC and DSS. A disease‐specific Kaplan‐Meier curve was determined for the entire cohort.ResultsFive‐year survival was 56% for all patients. The presence of extracapsular spread (ECS) and bone involvement of the primary tumor site resulted in statistically significant decreases in DSS (hazard ratio (HR) 41.3 and 270, respectively; P = 0.02 and P = 0.008, respectively) and LRC (HR 8.41 and 11.1, respectively; P = 0.005 and P = 0.04, respectively). The remaining factors had no statistically significant effect on DSS or LRC.ConclusionThe presence of ECS in the metastatic lymph node and of bone invasion by the primary tumor appear to be important to the outcome of patients with metastatic cSCCA. These factors should be considered when developing multidisciplinary care plans and future investigations.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 1881–1886, 2018
Danish validation of sniffin' sticks olfactory test for threshold, discrimination, and identification
Authors: Niklassen Andreas Steenholt , Ovesen Therese , Fernandes Henrique , Fjaeldstad Alexander Wieck 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThe applicability of olfactory testing is dependent on cultural adaptation. The aim of this study was to validate the Sniffin' Sticks (Burghart Messtechnik, Wedel, Germany) threshold (T), discrimination (D), and identification (I) olfaction test. This data was subsequently used to investigate external validity of international normative values to separate hyposmia from normosmia.MethodsThe study included 388 participants. The first step was a questionnaire study in which 238 adults rated their familiarity with 125 odor descriptors. In the second step, we evaluated the original Sniffin' Sticks (Burghart Messtechnik) in 75 participants. In the third step, we modified our odor descriptors and tested 75 participants with the new version.ResultsIn the I test, we found that 21 original odor descriptors were unfamiliar and that five odors had I rates < 75%. After modification, all odors had a successful I rate > 75%. By comparing the T, D, and I scores of previous validation studies, we found a significant variation in the scores between countries.ConclusionThe original Sniffin' Sticks (Burghart Messtechnik) was not applicable in Denmark. The modification resulted in improvement of familiarity and rate of I, making the test valid for use in Denmark. Furthermore, the study found a large variation in T and D scores between different countries, which should be considered when using these scores to separate hyposmia and anosmia from normosmia.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 1759–1766, 2018
Scavenging processes on jellyfish carcasses across a fjord depth gradient
Authors: Dunlop Kathy M. , Jones Daniel O. B. , Sweetman Andrew K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGelatinous zooplankton populations have increased in some regions, specifically Norwegian fjords, which has likely increased the occurrence of dead jellyfish aggregations on the seafloor (jelly‐falls). The importance of scavengers in the redistribution of organic material from jelly‐falls and their biogeochemical influence on the benthic environment has been demonstrated. However, scavenger responses to jelly‐falls across environmental gradients have not been studied, but would significantly advance our understanding of the impact of jelly‐falls on benthic ecosystems in different regions. This study examined scavenging ecology on jelly‐falls across an upper‐bathyal depth gradient in a boreal oxygenated fjord using baited time‐lapse camera lander deployments. The mean maximum abundance of scavengers increased with depth (eight individuals at 250 m, 10 at 600 m, and 18 at 1250 m) and at shallower depths more scavenger species fed on the bait (six species at 250 m, five at 600 m, and four at 1250 m). Mean scavenging rates (841.5 g d−1 at 250 m; 667.7 g at 600 m; and 883.7 g at 1250 m), however, did not vary significantly with depth. The lack of detection of a significant depth effect in this study may result from steep fjord topography enhancing food supply to deep waters reducing food limitation at the seafloor. Significant temporal changes in scavenging dynamics were primarily caused by changes in the dynamics of lyssianassoid amphipods. This study demonstrates that scavengers can rapidly remove jellyfish carcasses at the seafloor across a range of upper bathyal depths, potentially reducing the effects of jellyfish decomposition in fjord benthic environments.
Combination of platelet rich plasma in fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment increased clinical efficacy of for acne scar by enhancement of collagen production and modulation of laser‐induced inflammation
Authors: Min Seonguk , Yoon Ji Young , Park Seon Yong , Moon Jungyoon , Kwon Hyuck Hoon , Suh Dae Hun 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) which contains large amounts of growth factors has been tried to enhance therapeutic efficacy of laser treatment for acne scar with unknown underlying mechanism.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of increased clinical efficacy of PRP when combined with fractional laser treatment for treating acne scars.MethodsSubjects with mild to moderate acne scars were treated with two sessions of fractional CO2 laser therapy given with and without co‐administration of PRP. Skin biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline, 1, 3, 7, and 28 days for investigation of molecular profiles associated with skin changes produced by laser plus PRP treatment.ResultsThe PRP treatment increased clinical efficacy with decreased severity of adverse effects such as erythema, swelling and oozing. Productions of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 proteins were more highly elevated on the PRP‐treated side of the face compared to the control side at day 28. Furthermore, PRP‐treated side showed significant increase of c‐myc, TIMP, and HGF expression. Experimental fibroblast culture model was also used. PRP administration after laser irradiation increased expressions of p‐Akt, TGFβ1, TGFβ3, β‐catenin, collagen 1, and collagen 3 in both dose‐dependent and time dependent manners in fibroblast. Moreover, we acquired clinical and histological data through randomized control clinical trial.ConclusionTaken together with human study results combined with the data from cell experiments we suggest that PRP treatment increased fibrogenetic molecules induced by fractional CO2 laser, which have association with clinical effect. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:302–310, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quadrupolar jump‐and‐return pulse sequence for fluid‐suppressed sodium MRI of the knee joint at 7T
Authors: Xia Ding , Lee Jae‐Seung , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: December 2017

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of the so‐called quadrupolar jump‐and‐return (QJR) pulse sequence by assessing its performance on the contrast modification to knee cartilage and quality of fluid suppression in the knee joint in vivo at 7T.MethodsThe right knee joints of five healthy volunteers (3 males: mean age = 32.4 ± 1.3 years; 2 females: mean age = 27.9 ± 1.0 years; mean age = 30.6 ± 2.7 years) were scanned on a 7T scanner with variation of the delay in the QJR sequence from 1 ms to 5 ms. For one healthy volunteer, the QJR scan with the delay of 3 ms and the inversion‐recovery (IR) scan were performed. Numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the effects of B0‐ and B1‐field inhomogeneities and residual quadrupolar couplings on fluid suppression and tissue contrast, respectively.ResultsThe QJR sequence suppressed the fluid signal from the artery and produced the contrast of knee cartilage in vivo. Its performance was comparable to that of the conventional IR sequence. Numerical simulations suggested that the fluid suppression may not be affected much by field inhomogeneities but that a distribution of residual quadrupolar couplings and weak RF pulses may interfere with the clear interpretation of cartilage contrast.ConclusionThis preliminary work demonstrated that the QJR pulse sequence produces contrast for knee cartilage while suppressing the fluid signal from the artery. The knee cartilage contrast and quality of fluid suppression obtained from the QJR sequence were comparable to those of the IR sequence. Magn Reson Med 80:641–647, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.