bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of single- and hybrid-fiber composite laminates for use in prosthetic sockets
Authors: Naseem Ayesha , Nazakat Syeda Husna , Saleem Mohsin , Vattathurvalappil Suhail Hyder , Baluch Abrar H 
Published: September 2024

Traditional prosthetic sockets often consist of thermoplastic and wood-based materials. However, these sockets are known to be uncomfortable, heavy, and economically challenging. Natural fibers are quickly adapting and becoming more popular because of their biodegradable, long-lasting, and biocompatible nature. They are replacing synthetic fibers in the design and development of structural parts. This research looked into a new hybrid composite made of natural and synthetic fibers (basalt, jute, and carbon) that are reinforced in a polyester thermoset based matrix. The performance of this hybrid composite was then compared to that of pristine or single fiber-reinforced composites manufactured using woven jute, basalt, and carbon. The samples were manufactured using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding technique and cured at room temperature. The samples were then subjected to flexure and impact tests. The hybrid composite had an impact strength of 46.71 kJ/m2, higher than all other single fiber combinations. The flexural strength of the hybrid composite was determined to be 66.25 MPa, matching that of basalt fiber and surpassing that of other conventional single fiber composite laminates. Fractographic analysis has revealed that the main cause of failure in flexure is mostly attributed to delamination and fiber micro-buckling. Although hybrid reinforced composites had superior performance in terms of both impact and flexure strength, basalt fibers demonstrated comparable strength, specifically in flexure. Overall, the hybrid composite possesses exceptional promise for use in prosthetic construction.
Predicting Mortality in Sepsis-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Machine Learning Approach Using the MIMIC-III Database
Authors: Mu Shengtian , Yan Dongli , Tang Jie , Zheng Zhen 
Published: September 2024

Background To develop and validate a mortality prediction model for patients with sepsis-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Methods This retrospective cohort study included 2466 patients diagnosed with sepsis and ARDS within 24 h of ICU admission. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Feature selection was performed using the Boruta algorithm, followed by the construction of seven ML models: logistic regression, Naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, decision tree, Random Forest, and extreme gradient boosting. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Results The study identified 24 variables significantly associated with mortality. The optimal ML model, a Random Forest model, demonstrated an AUC of 0.8015 in the test set, with high accuracy and specificity. The model highlighted the importance of blood urea nitrogen, age, urine output, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, and albumin levels in predicting mortality. Conclusions The model's superior predictive performance underscores the potential for integrating advanced analytics into clinical decision-making processes, potentially improving patient outcomes and resource allocation in critical care settings.
Impact of frailty on mortality and transfer to hemodialysis after peritoneal dialysis initiation
Authors: Gaube Sophie , Clark David , Cooper Dylan , Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Vinson Amanda , Tennankore Karthik 
Published: September 2024

Background Frailty is associated with poor outcomes for patients on dialysis; however, dedicated studies among incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are lacking. This study aims to determine the association between frailty and mortality/transfer to hemodialysis (HD) among incident PD patients and identify whether dialysis modality (PD vs. HD) modifies the association of frailty and mortality following dialysis initiation. Methods A single center retrospective cohort of incident PD and HD patients was analyzed from 2009 to 2020 (last follow-up December 2021). The first version of the clinical frailty scale (CFS) ranging from 1, very fit, to 7, severely frail, was used to characterize patient frailty at dialysis initiation. Time to death/transfer to HD was analyzed using multivariable Cox Survival analyses. Patients were censored at transplant/last follow-up. Dialysis modality was evaluated as a potential effect modifier on the impact of frailty on mortality. Results Of 253 patients who initiated PD, 182 had completed CFS scores. Mean age at dialysis initiation was 63 ± 13 years and mean CFS score was 3 ± 1. There were 42 deaths and 69 instances of transfer to HD over 379 patient-years at risk. Vulnerable/frail patients (CFS ≥ 4) had a two-fold increase in the adjusted relative hazard for death/transfer to HD (HR 2.04, 95% CI [1.10–3.77]). Incident dialysis modality did not modify the association between frailty and mortality. Conclusions A higher severity of frailty at PD initiation is associated with both mortality/transfer to HD and mortality alone, and the association between frailty and mortality is not modified by dialysis modality.
Mechanism and improvement for tail vehicle swaying of power-centralized EMUs
Authors: Song Yadong , Yao Yuan , Lu Ming , Wang Xing 
Published: September 2024

The swing phenomenon of the tail vehicle will reduce the stability of the train operation, and even seriously deteriorate the ride comfort of passengers. In response to the relevant railway department, this paper reported the different dynamics performances in tail vehicle swaying when power-concentrated EMUs passed through a tunnel under push/pull operation. To analyze the characteristics and mechanism of the EMU tail swaying, field tests and numerical simulations were conducted. Firstly, through the on-track test, it was found that under push operation, the EMU tail continued to sway at a frequency of 1.3 Hz inside the tunnel, while under pull operation, only a swing of 1.7 Hz appeared at the tunnel entrance. Subsequently, through a simulation analysis, it was found that under push operation, the vortex-induced vibration of the tail carbody occurred inside the tunnel, leading to the sustained swing with a carbody hunting frequency of 1.3 Hz; under pull operation, due to the aerodynamic effect of the tunnel entrance, the secondary lateral stop had an abnormal elastic collision with the bogie frame, and the lateral impact on the bottom of the tail carbody caused a swing of 1.7 Hz, which was verified by the field test. Finally, for the motor vehicle of the EMU tail, two improvement measures of yaw damper optimization were proposed to alleviate the EMU tail swaying inside the tunnel. Furthermore, the research results can provide a reference for the aerodynamic swing problem of other trains, which has certain engineering significance.
Research on ultrasonic guided wave-based high-speed turnout switch rail base flaw detection
Authors: Su Xiaokun , Feng Xicheng , Wang Ping , Xu Jingmang , Liu Le , Hu Chenyang , Qian Yao 
Published: September 2024

Turnout switch rail fracture detection is currently a serious issue in the field of railway transportation. Guided wave detection, a non-destructive testing method, is a good way of studying this issue and looking for a suitable solution. For this paper, a guided wave mode and an excitation position were selected based on the phase velocity dispersion curve and the wave structure. After this, a model was devised for the turnout switch area using the finite element (FE) method. This model considered the straight switch rail, curved stock rail, bolt hole, spacer block, and sub-rail foundation, and verifies the validity of the simulation model through the experiment. The propagation characteristics of guided waves in the switch rail were then simulated in different fracturing states by means of a 30-kHz excitation applied vertically to the rail base. The results showed that a single mode of the guided wave could be generated by this excitation method, showing that it could be used as an effective means for fracture detection. The growth rate of the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the time-domain acceleration signal could then be analysed to identify the state of fracture in the straight switch rail. This discrimination method is suitable for finding fractures parallel to the rail cross-section with a width of 5 mm or more at the bottom of the straight switch rail.
Study on damage of CRTS II slab tracks in coated-uncoated transition zones subjected to temperature and train loads
Authors: Cao Kailin , Huang Shougang , Chen Jinjie , Li Yang , Li Haiyan 
Published: September 2024

The CRTS II ballastless track is sensitive to temperature due to its longitudinal continuity. The application of reflective insulation coating can efficiently lower the temperature of the track slab, thereby decelerating track deterioration. Given the considerable length of high-speed railway lines, the application of reflective insulation coatings leads to numerous transitions between coated and uncoated sections. This study investigates the influence of reflective insulation coatings on the structural damage of coated-uncoated transition zones in railways. To this end, a CRTS II slab track model involving the bilinear cohesive zone model and the concrete plastic damage model is established. The model examines the combined impact of high temperature and train loading, aiming to investigate the damage patterns within the coated-uncoated transition zone of the track. The results indicate: (1) During high temperature loading, the center of the track slab layer is predisposed to warping compared to the sides. (2) If the cohesion parameter falls below 0.04 MPa, augmenting the cohesion model parameter effectively alleviates track slab arching. (3) In instances where the track slab lacks complete coverage of reflective insulation coatings, train loading may shift the location of the maximum vertical displacement and interface failure mode.
Impact of Athlete Brand Image Dimensions on the Young Consumers’ Psychological Attachment
Authors: Shibin K.  , Abdul Azees P.  
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The study is designed to check the impact of human brand image dimensions (other than performance related) on young customers’ psychological attachment toward athlete brands. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted among young athlete fans randomly selected from Kerala, India. The data were collected from 200 sample respondents using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the structural equation model. Findings: The findings reveal that variables such as relationship effort and life story of the athletes contribute to the creation of psychological attachment among the fans. Practical Implications: The result of the present study is a value addition for the marketing of human brands, especially for athlete brands. The results will be helpful in determining what factors should be concentrated on and how much weightage should be given to each factor for making a human brand successful in the market. Originality/Value: The study examines the influence of human brand image dimensions (other than performance-related dimensions) on young customers’ psychological attachment toward athlete brands. As the majority of the sports aspirants are from the young age group, the study variables are tested among young customers of athlete brands. Individual players, managers, and coaches can use the tested variables for analyzing, testing, and managing human brands (athlete brands).
Scientific Mapping of Audit Committee: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Sahu Ragubir , Deb Rajat 
Published: September 2024

The audit committee (AC) literature has witnessed significant growth and evolution leading to ongoing debates and controversies surrounding the functions of ACs. The study uses bibliometric analysis (scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews protocol) to create a scientific map of ACs using 922 papers from the Web of Science database from 1998 to 2022. The analysis uses specialized tools like Biblioshiny and VOSviewer for performance analysis and academic mapping. The results show that particularly AC is a dynamic area of study, with the United States having the highest number of publications and the United Kingdom being the most influential contributor. The cluster analysis of bibliographic connections reveals prominent themes in the document, and the authors reveal that corporate governance, AC, directorship, board composition, firm performance, and earning management themes are in trend and individual ACs’ functions have been less explored. JEL Classification: M41, M42
Anti-arthritic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Different Types of Milk in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced Arthritis in Male Adult Rats
Authors: Al-Nouri Doha M. , Shamlan Ghalia , Al-Faifi Latifah Y. , Al-Qahtani Wahidah H. , Alshammari Ghedeir M. , Redh Islam A. El , Arzoo Shaista 
Published: September 2024

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, immune-inflammatory disease that could be managed by an attenuation in dietary habits. With the increase in research that links the effect of nutrition linked to RA. Objectives Our study aimed to determine the possible therapeutic effect of different types of milk in rat models experimentally induced with RA using 40 ml milk (camel (CM), goat (GM), sheep (SHM), cow (CWM), almond (AM), and soy milk (SM)). Materials and Methods Forty adult male Wistar Albino rats were divided into eight groups (five rats each) as follows: (Control group): nonarthritic, (RA): rheumatoid arthritis, (RA+CM): RA having CM, (RA+GM): RA having GM, (RA+SHM): RA having SHM, (RA+CWM): RA having CWM, (RA+AM): RA is having AM, and (RA+SM): RA has SM. Results It has been observed that in the RA group and milk-treated groups, but not in the RA+CM group, the arthritis score changed significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) in comparison with the control group. CM and GM showed promising effects in downregulating various arthritis effector players including anticitrullinated peptide antibodies, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2, and other inflammatory mediators, which may be attributed to their lowest ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. Conclusion A possible benefit of this research is the potential development of new functional foods that promote health, prevent disease, and potentially enable the milk to be used as a therapeutic agent for RA.
Edible Vitalmelon Fruit Extract Promotes Lipolysis of MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through the Stimulation of Glycerol Release and β-oxidation
Authors: Jin You Jeong , Lee Su Jin , Kim Ji Eun , Roh Yu Jeong , Song Hee Jin , Seol Ayun , Kim Tae Ryeol , Min Kyeong Seon , Park Eun Seo , Park Gi Ho , Kang Hye Mi , Kang Nam Jun , Lee Ki Won , Choi Young-Whan , Hwang Dae Youn 
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose The anti-obesity effects of vitalmelon extracts have been well verified in only adipogenesis and lipogenesis of adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obesity mice except lipolysis. Therefore, we were investigated the novel function of edible vitalmelon fruit water extract (VW) on lipolysis. Materials and Methods The changes in the free glycerol release, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathway, and expression of β-oxidation-related regulators were analyzed in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI)-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes (MiSt-3T3 adipocytes) after a VW treatment. Results The successful differentiation of pre-adipocytes was confirmed with increased oil-red O (ORO)-stained lipid accumulation and PPARγ gene transcription. After maturation of adipocytes, the levels of free glycerol, intracellular cAMP, and hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation increased in a dose-dependent manner in the MDI+VW-treated group. In addition, the protein and mRNA levels of three β-oxidation-related genes (ACADs, ACO1, and CTP) were remarkably increased in the MiSt-3T3 adipocytes after VW treatment, while ATPCL phosphorylation was decreased. The changes in the expression levels of these proteins were accompanied by alteration on the expression levels of the PPARα transcription factors. The levels of PPARα protein phosphorylation and mRNA transcription in MiSt-3T3 adipocytes increased dose-dependently after the VW treatment. Conclusion These results show that VW can promote lipolysis by controlling the cAMP-mediated glycerol release pathway and β-oxidation in MiSt-3T3 adipocytes.
Expert Panel Consensus Statements on Vaccination for Adults with AIRD in India
Authors: Jain Vikramraj , Mohanasundaram Kavitha , Kumar Sharath , Kavadichanda Chengappa , Varaprasad Rajendra , Mishra Neha , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Swaminathan Subramanian , Lakshminarayanan Devaki , Baghel Sadhana , Shivashankar Roopa , Ravindran Vinod , Dharmanand BG 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Due to notable distinctions in infection patterns, vaccine accessibility, and approaches to treatment among patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD) in India compared to other regions globally, the Indian Rheumatology Association Vaccine (IRAVAC) group was formed to develop expert panel consensus statements on vaccination for adults with AIRDs in India. Methods: The IRAVAC group comprised seven rheumatologists, one epidemiologist, two infectious disease specialists, one clinical virologist, one specialist nurse, and a patient representative. The group determined the scope of the consensus statements, framed the research questions, and assigned a team of few members to review the evidence who designed the search strategy and conducted the systematic literature search and data extraction. Another group of members subsequently reviewed the articles for each vaccine, prepared a summary, generated draft statements, and assigned them an appropriate level of evidence. Eighty-eight such draft statements were circulated to the members of IRAVAC for review and deliberation. The draft statements were revised accordingly, and the final set of 48 statements on vaccinations for eight diseases was voted upon by the IRAVAC group, with a predefined 75% agreement set as a threshold for acceptance. It is envisaged that these consensus statements related to vaccination in AIRD would be helpful not only to rheumatologists in India but also to those in other countries.
Deprescribing antidepressants for depression – what is the evidence for and against?
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Kisely Steve , Maguire Paul A , Woon Luke S-C , Anderson Katrina , Malhi Gin S 
Published: September 2024

Objective Recent guidelines suggest that the overall quantity and duration of antidepressant prescriptions should be reduced. In this paper, we comment on the evidence both for and against this view. Methods We critically review the arguments proposed by proponents of antidepressant deprescribing in the context of the evidence-base for the treatment of depression. Results Proponents of deprescribing do not address the substantive issues of whether inappropriate prescribing has been demonstrated, and when prescribing is needed. Their arguments for deprescribing are rebutted in this context. Conclusions Whether or not to deprescribe antidepressant medication needs to take into consideration the risk-benefit profile of the decision, the responsibility for which needs to be shared and based on the context of the patient’s depression, their preferences, experiences and perspectives.
Defibrillator Training in the Virtual Setting is Feasible and Improves Medical Student Self-Efficacy; A Pilot Study
Authors: Maniker Robert , Treat Christian , Feiner Steven , Alleyne Shenelle , Gordon Rachel J. , Cloyd Trudi , Kessler David ,   Columbia Co-laboratory for Extended Reality in Health Professions
Published: September 2024

Background Management of in-hospital cardiac arrest includes many component skills that require considerable training in order to gain mastery. Practicing defibrillation skills in a simulated setting improves performance and time to shock delivery but is cumbersome and costly. Virtual reality (VR) simulation training may provide an alternative platform to help medical students learn and build confidence in the critical steps required to operate a manual defibrillator. Intervention We performed a pilot study to implement a VR simulation that trains learners on the stepwise operation of a manual defibrillator. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey that measured the feasibility, usability, and likeability of a VR simulation among fourth-year medical students at a large urban academic medical center. Secondary outcomes included self-efficacy with operating a defibrillator before and after the VR simulation, and time to defibrillation within the simulation. Results Twenty-six participants completed the VR simulation. The majority of participants found the VR simulation easy to use (71% agreed), liked the experience (96% agreed), found it realistic (87.5% agreed), and would recommend it to their peers (96% agreed). Most students (96%) agreed that the training improved their knowledge of how to use a defibrillator, and all (100%) students agreed that they were more confident than beforehand in using the defibrillator to defibrillate a patient with cardiac arrest. Self-reported knowledge and comfort with using the defibrillator significantly improved from before to after the VR training, as did average time to defibrillation. Discussion VR simulation for defibrillator training is feasible and well-liked by senior medical students and is associated with improved self-perceived knowledge and comfort with using a manual defibrillator.
Prognostic Impact of Malignant Wounds in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Takamizawa Shigemasa , Ishiki Hiroto , Takeda Yuma , Arakawa Sayaka , Kawasaki Naruaki , Maeda Isseki , Yokomichi Naosuke , Yamaguchi Takashi , Otani Hiroyuki , Morita Tatsuya , Satomi Eriko , Mori Masanori 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Malignant wounds are lesions caused by metastasis from distant primary cancers or by direct invasion of the cutaneous structures of a primary cancer, and are most common in patients with breast or head and neck cancers. Malignant wounds not only cause physical symptoms, but also affect survival. Recognizing prognosis in terminal-stage cancer patients is necessary for both patients and health care providers. The prognostic impact of malignant wounds in patients with head and neck cancer has been poorly investigated. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the results of a prospective cohort study that investigated the dying process in patients with advanced cancer in 23 palliative care units in Japan. The primary outcome of this study was the prognostic impact of malignant wounds in patients with head and neck cancer. The difference in survival between patients with head and neck cancer who had malignant wounds and those who did not was compared using the log-rank test. Results Of 1896 patients admitted to palliative care units, 68 had head and neck cancer, and 29 of these had malignant wounds. Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with malignant wounds than that in those without (median: 19.0 days vs 32.0 days, P = 0.046). Conclusion Patients with head and neck cancer who had malignant wounds had worse overall survival than those who did not.