bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and survival of marine sponges, Stylissa massa (Carter, 1887) and Liosina paradoxa (Thiele, 1899) in sea and land based culture systems
Authors: Kiruba Sankar R. , Chadha N. K. , Dam Roy S. , Banerjee Paramita , Saharan Neelam , Krishnan P. 
Published: January 2017

Two species of marine sponges Stylissa massa and Liosina paradoxa were cultured in cages (in situ) and in land based aquaria (ex situ) over a period of 120 days. Growth and survival were evaluated using four substrates viz., tile, block, coral rock and rope) under both in situ and ex situ conditions. L. paradoxa in cages recorded significant increase (p<0.05) on day 90 i.e., by 70% compared to initial volume whereas at 120 days there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease (54.22%). S. massa showed significant increase (p<0.05) in growth by 95.6% at 120 days compared to initial volume. Negative growth was recorded in S. massa under aquarium conditions while L. paradoxa recorded good growth as well as survival and performed exceptionally well in aquarium during the entire experimental period of 120 days. In cages, 90.62% survival was recorded for S. massa in 120 days. Among the different substrates used, coral rocks gave 100% survival whereas other substrates such as tiles, blocks and ropes showed 87.5% survival. Under aquarium conditions, S. massa showed overall survival of 81.25% and among the different substrates, 100% survival was obtained with coral rocks, 87.5% with blocks, 75% with ropes and the lowest survival of 62.5% was recorded with tiles.
Effect of restricted feeding on the growth and body composition of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Baki Birol , Kaya Ozturk Dilara , Sariipek Merve , Kerim Murat , Eyuboglu Bora 
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of restricted feeding on the growth and body composition in juvenile European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, (Linnaeus, 1758). Four different feeding regimes were tested in fishes having average weight of 6.57±0.09 g. The three treatment groups were fed three times a day adopting three different regimes: 6 days feeding/1 day starvation (6F/1S), 5 days feeding/2 days starvation (5F/2S) and 4 days feeding/3 days starvation (4F/3S) for a period of 60 days. Control group (C) was fed daily three times a day. At the end of the study the average weights were 31.21±1.39 g (C), 36.47±1.33 g (6F/1S), 29.01±1.01 g (5F/2S) and 24.21±0.82 g (4F/3S) respectively (p<0.05). SGR were 2.54±0.17 (C), 2.64±0.20 (6F/1S), 2.37±0.06 (5F/2S) and 2.10±0.09 (4F/3S) (p<0.05) and FCR values recorded were 1.29±0.05 (C), 1.12±0.01 (6F/1S), 1.21±0.01 (5F/2S) and 1.24±0.01 (4F/3S). Crude protein and lipid values in restricted feeding groups were higher than those of the control group (p<0.05) while SFA and MUFA values increased with starvation period while DHA, EPA, PUFA and Omega-3 values decreased with starvation period (p<0.05). Results of the study clearly showed that restricted feeding had effect on the growth parameters, biochemical composition and fatty acid compositions in European seabass.
Diet and feeding habits of Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) from northern Kerala, South-west coast of India
Authors: Manojkumar P. P. , Pavithran P. P. 
Published: January 2017

Composition of the diet of greater lizardfish Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795), caught from northern Kerala, south-west coast of India was studied and described. The stomachs of 1981 specimens were collected between January, 2012 and June, 2014. Analysis of stomach contents based on index of relative importance (IRI) revealed that this species is exclusively piscivorous. Contrary to other benthic predators of the study area, it mainly feeds on pelagic and demersal fishes(IRI = 63.2), molluscs (IRI = 17.86), crustaceans (IRI = 18.33) and other miscellaneous items (IRI = 2.54). The diet of S. tumbil were found to be related to the seasonal availability of resources, occurrence of juveniles of certain species and on the migration of fishes from nearby places to the study area. Significant changes in prey items were observed between predator length groups, but a positive, significant relationship was recorded between prey size and predator size (p<0.05). Statistical analysis indicated a uniform representation of different diets in the stomach. Maximum similarity in diet between different food items was found in April and November.
Bentuk-Bentuk Perubahan Pertukaran dalam Perkawinan Bajapuik
Authors: M Maihasni , Sumarti Titik , Sri Wahyuni Ekawati 
Published: January 2017

<div>The objective of this paper to identified and analysis of types that use in bajapuik marriage as a basic of exchange and factors that its influence. The reseach is a qualitative aproach with using multi method approaches in order to explain the phenomena proposed.The result of the study showed that types exchange in bajapuik marriage involved; 1) uang jemputan; 2) uang hilang; 3) uang selo; 4) uang tungkatan. All of types that are exchenged in bajapuik marriage in this moment. In general, the types emerge are caused effect economy and spesific education and inhabitant mobility.</div><div> </div>
Multiculturalism: Ideology, Policy and Reality
Authors: KALLEN EVELYN 
Published: January 2017

In the current Canadian context, the concept, "multiculturalism" is widely used in at least three senses: 1) to refer to the multi-ethnic composition of the population of Canada (The Canadian Mosaic), 2) to refer to the federal government policy, and 3) to refer to the ideology of cultural pluralism underlying the federal policy. This paper analyzes the assumptions behind these different conceptions of multiculturalism, and seeks to address some of the social implications of the disparities between them. First, the paper draws out the main ideas implicit in the model of multiculturalism as a societal ideal. Secondly, the paper examines current federal policy, and scholarly criticisms thereof, in the light of the egalitarian mosaic ideal. Finally, the paper looks at multiculturalism as a movement for social reform, designed to bring federal policy more closely in line with the egalitarian ideal of cultural pluralism.
Bushman and Dragonfly
Authors: Potts Gary 
Published: January 2017

For 25 years, Gary Potts was Chief of the Teme-Augama Anishnabai, the People of the Deep Water. In that capacity he led their on-going struggle to win back and protect their traditional homeland (N’Daki Menan) covering 10,000 square kilometres of the Temagami region. It was a campaign of roadblocks, negotiations and law cases that ultimately took the Teme-Augama Anishnabai’s historic claim to the Supreme Court of Canada in 1991. In 1988-89 the Teme-Augama Anishnabai blockaded construction of the Red Squirrel logging road asserting that the Teme-Augama Anishnabai still held legal title to their homeland. At one point, Camp Wanapitei was “occupied” with the enthusiastic co-operation of Bruce Hodgins as a site from which to organize volunteers participating in roadblocks to halt lumbering particularly in the old growth stands of the Waldmika triangle in the heart of N’Dald Menan. In 1996, Gaiy Potts returned to Wanapitei from his home on Bear Island on Lake Temagami, to participate in the Refiguring Wilderness Conference. His paper in this volume is, essentially, the talk he gave one evening with some small changes he made subsequently. It is a personal story of experience, of straggle and of the wisdom gained along the way. That wisdom he shares here with a wider audience. At the request of the author and the guest editors, the text remains untouched by JCS/REC editorial intervention.
Towards Permanent Insecurity: The Social Impact of Unemployment
Authors: McBride Stephen 
Published: January 2017

Numerous studies have revealed a relationship between unemployment and various other social ills. These include poverty, negative shifts in self-esteem for affected individuals and their families, increased anxiety, stress, and associated increases in physical and mental illness, alcoholism, drug abuse, child abuse and family breakdown. Others have linked unemployment to increased racism and discrimination, suicide rates and crime rates. For much of the post-war period the stresses associated with unemployment were mitigated by a social policy net and a programme of unemployment insurance that, by 1971, covered the great majority of the workforce and provided a significant cushion against the immediate effect of job loss. Since the mid-1970s the social supports available to the unemployed have been eroded by government and, in the mid-1990s, major alterations were made to the programmes. The Employment Insurance reforms of 1996, the replacement of the Canadian Assistance Plan by a Canada Health and Social Transfer that permits workfare as a condition of social assistance, and the devolution of training and active employment measures to the provincial level receive detailed analysis. In a context where a world of work is undergoing rapid change and partial attachments to the labour force - part-time, temporary and individual self-employment - are more common, the effect of Unemployment Insurance and social reforms, combined with an overall economic strategy that privileges inflation and deficit control over employment creation, means that permanent insecurity is replacing the relative social security of an earlier era. The social impact of this situation will be traced.
Neo-liberalism, State Restructuring and Immigration: Changes in Canadian Policies in the 1990s
Authors: Arat-Koc Sedef 
Published: January 2017

The essay focusses on recent changes in immigration and settlement policies in Canada and their impact on immigrant women and immigrant families in the 1990s, at a time when Canada has been experiencing a restructuring of the state as well as a restructuring of the economy. In the 1990s several significant changes have been introduced in immigration and settlement policies. On the one hand, the emphasis on global competitiveness has led to increased requirements on the type of independent class immigrants Canada recruits, who not only have to be highly skilled and educated and/or wealthy, but also "up and running" on arrival. On the other hand, fiscal restraint on the part of the state has led to an emphasis on self-sufficiency and individual responsibility on the part of immigrants. In line with this latter emphasis, Canada has introduced several new policies in the 1990s with significant implications for immigrants: more stringent requirements and enforcement procedures for family sponsorship; changes to language training programmes and cuts in other settlement services; and the introduction of the landing fee (the "head tax"). The essay argues that the changes in immigration are parallel with and part of the general undermining of social citizenship in Canada. These policy changes in the 1990s also represent a radical retreat from the possibility of an expansion of rights during the 1980s hi Canada, when the state seemed to be moving towards more social and redistributive justice through the introduction of the equality clauses of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In addition to framing theoretically the changes in immigration and settlement in restructuring of the state, the essay also focusses on the impacts of the changes on women and families. There are reasons to expect that the pressures for self-efficiency on the part of families will increase relations of dependency within families.
Ontario Works and Single Mothers: Redefining “Deservedness and the Social Contract”
Authors: Mayson Melodie 
Published: January 2017

For the first time in Ontario, since the introduction of the Ontario Mother's Allowance (OMA) programme in 1920, single mothers in financial need will lose an important form of protection that has been associated with their entitlement to assistance as full-time childcare providers. On 1 May 1998, the Ontario Works Act came into effect along with its mandatory employment requirements for single parents. With nearly 200,000 sole-support mothers as well as their children affected by changes to "mothers allowance," the significance of these developments cannot be underestimated. Through an examination of key ideological and structural transformations internal and external to the social assistance system, this article argues that a redefinition of women's relationship to the employment market and to domestic labour is fundamental to the neo-conservative view holding sway in Ontario. By redefining single mothers' "deservedness" for financial assistance, traditionally viewed since 1920 as compensation for their contribution to society through child rearing, the Ontario government is legitimizing its broader withdrawal from social provision to those in need, and is compelling individuals to rely on their own private solutions to the systemic problems of unemployment, underemployment and the gender division of labour. Paradoxically, by making Ontario's social assistance programme harsher in its economic and moral regulation of sole-support parents, the government has assumed even greater regulatory powers over the lives of poor families and has effectively contradicted the "family values" it claims to uphold.
Frequency of symptomatic vertebral body compression fractures requiring intervention following single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal metastases
Authors: Virk Michael S. , Han James E. , Reiner Anne S. , McLaughlin Lily A. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Lis Eric , Yamada Yoshiya , Bilsky Mark , Laufer Ilya 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of symptomatic vertebral body compression fractures (VCFs) requiring kyphoplasty or surgery in patients treated with 24-Gy single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

METHODS
This retrospective analysis included all patients who had been treated with 24-Gy, single-fraction, image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy for histologically confirmed solid tumor metastases over an 8-year period (2005–2013) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Charts and imaging studies were reviewed for post-SRS kyphoplasty or surgery for mechanical instability. A Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) was calculated for each patient both at the time of SRS and at the time of intervention for VCF.

RESULTS
Three hundred twenty-three patients who had undergone single-fraction SRS between C-1 and L-5 were included in this analysis. The cumulative incidence of VCF 5 years after SRS was 7.2% (95% CI 4.1–10.2), whereas that of death following SRS at the same time point was 82.5% (95% CI 77.5–87.4). Twenty-six patients with 36 SRS-treated levels progressed to symptomatic VCF requiring treatment with kyphoplasty (6 patients), surgery (10 patients), or both (10 patients). The median time to symptomatic VCF was 13 months. Seven patients developed VCF at 11 levels adjacent to the SRS-treated level. Fractured levels had no evidence of tumor progression. The median SINS changed from 6.5 at SRS (interquartile range [IQR] 4.3–8.8) to 11.5 at stabilization (IQR 9–13). In patients without prior stabilization at the level of SRS, there was an association between the SINS and the time to fracture.

CONCLUSIONS
Five years after ablative single-fraction SRS to spinal lesions, the cumulative incidence of symptomatic VCF at the treated level without tumor recurrence was 7.2%. Higher SINSs at the time of SRS correlated with earlier fractures.
Spine radiosurgery: lessons learned from the first 100 treatment sessions
Authors: Harel Ran , Pfeffer Raphael , Levin Daphne , Shekel Efrat , Epstein Dan , Tsvang Lev , Ben Ayun Maoz , Alezra Dror , Zach Leor 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
Local therapy to spine tumors has been shown to be effective in selected cases. Spinal radiosurgery (SRS) is an evolving radiotherapy regimen allowing for noninvasive, highly efficacious local treatment. The learning curve can compromise the results of any newly employed technology and should be studied to minimize its effects. In this paper the first 100 SRSs performed at several medical centers are presented and analyzed for the effects of the learning curve on outcome.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis was undertaken to evaluate data from patients treated with SRS at Sheba Medical Center and Assuta Medical Centers in the period from September 2011 to February 2016. Medical history, clinical and neurological findings, pathological diagnoses, SRS variables, complications, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Local control rates were calculated, and local treatment failure cases were qualitatively studied.

RESULTS
One hundred treatment sessions were performed for 118 lesions at 179 spinal levels in 80 patients. The complication rate was low and did not correlate with a learning curve. Mean follow-up time was 302 days, and the overall local control rate was 95%. The local control rate was dose dependent and increased from 87% (among 35 patients receiving a dose of 16 Gy) to 97% (among 65 patients receiving a dose of 18 Gy). The 6 treatment failure cases are discussed in detail.

CONCLUSIONS
Spinal radiosurgery is a safe and effective treatment. Comprehensive education of the treating team and continuous communication are essential to limit the effects of the learning curve on outcome.
Surgery for early stage endometrial carcinoma in the obese patient
Authors: Leblanc E. , Narducci F. , Bresson L. , Hudry N. , Sekhon R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObese patients have increased risk of developing endometrial cancer proportional to the excess in body mass index. In this review, we explored the latest information on surgical management and its adaptation to the obese condition. Mini-invasive treatments (laparoscopic, robotic, vaginal, or combinations) should be systematically considered. Prevention and active treatment of obesity seem an interesting approach to reduce incidence and severity of the disease.
Rationale, indications, techniques and applications of interstitial brachytherapy for carcinoma cervix
Authors: Bansal Indu , Panda Debashis , Rathi Arun , Anand Anil , Bansal Anil 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWith evolution of different newer radiotherapy techniques, still the role of brachytherapy in different gynecological malignancies has not sublimed. Most commonly used form of brachytherapy in carcinoma cervix patients is intracavitary brachytherapy. However, all the patients do not qualify for the treatment with intracavitary brachytherapy due to certain clinicopathological conditions. This warrants use of interstitial brachytherapy technique for treatment. For getting good results from interstitial brachytherapy, a good expertise and a proper infrastructure are needed. For perineal interstitial brachytherapy, different templates have been designed, used, and published by authors in different literature over the period. Among all these different templates, Martinez Universal Perineal Interstitial Template (MUPIT) has been used in gynecological, urological, and anorectal malignancies. In this literature review, we have discussed mainly MUPIT.
Keratinising Squamous cell carcinoma-A rarity
Authors: Mohammad Akheel , Wadhwania Ashmi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractKeratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is still a dilemma in the field of medical science because of its biological behavior and transformation of this benign odontogenic tumor to a carcinomatous type, which is called as odontogenic carcinoma. We are presenting here a case of squamous cell carcinoma occurring in recurrent KCOT of temporal region. The rarity of this article is the location of the lesion which is rarest at temporal region. Malignant transformation of these KCOT’s has been reported only in 15 cases in literature, the majority occurring in jaws but no case reported for lesion of temporal region. The pathogenesis of the tumor, the biologic progression, overall clinical, and histopathological features of this rare malignancy, and its management is reported and discussed.
Reduction to Dimension Two of the Local Spectrum for anAHAlgebra with the Ideal Property
Authors: Jiang Chunlan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAC*-algebra Ahas the ideal property if any ideal I of Ais generated as a closed two-sided ideal by the projections inside the ideal. Suppose that the limitC*-algebraAof inductive limit of direct sums of matrix algebras over spaces with uniformly bounded dimension has the ideal property. In this paper we will prove thatAcan be written as an inductive limit of certain very special subhomogeneous algebras, namely, direct sum of dimension-drop interval algebras and matrix algebras over 2-dimensional spaces with torsionH2groups.
Why do general circulation models overestimate the aerosol cloud lifetime effect? A case study comparing CAM5 and a CRM
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Penner Joyce E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Observation-based studies have shown that the aerosol cloud lifetime effect or the increase of cloud liquid water path (LWP) with increased aerosol loading may have been overestimated in climate models. Here, we simulate shallow warm clouds on 27 May 2011 at the southern Great Plains (SGP) measurement site established by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program using a single-column version of a global climate model (Community Atmosphere Model or CAM) and a cloud resolving model (CRM). The LWP simulated by CAM increases substantially with aerosol loading while that in the CRM does not. The increase of LWP in CAM is caused by a large decrease of the autoconversion rate when cloud droplet number increases. In the CRM, the autoconversion rate is also reduced, but this is offset or even outweighed by the increased evaporation of cloud droplets near the cloud top, resulting in an overall decrease in LWP. Our results suggest that climate models need to include the dependence of cloud top growth and the evaporation/condensation process on cloud droplet number concentrations.