bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Genetically Modified Stacked Maize NK603 × MON810 on the Genetic Diversity of Rhizobacterial Communities
Authors: Ondreičková Katarína , Kraic Ján 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Field trials with the genetic modified (GM) maize stacked hybrid NK603 × MON810 performed in two different locations in the Czech Republic were used for evaluation of genetic diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistically significant differences in the number of terminal restriction fragments (i.e. bacterial richness) between GM and non-GM maize were not detected. Diversity indices (Gini-Simpson and Shannon’s) revealed higher bacterial diversity in non-GM sample from location Ivanovice na Hané and in the GM maize from location Probluz, but statistical significant differences between GM and non-GM samples were not detected. Additionally, using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, no substantial variation in the composition of bacterial communities between GM and conventional maize were observed but the differences among individual collection sites were recorded.
The Selected Aspects of Application of Monetary Policy in the Economic and Monetary Union Pre-And-Post 2008
Authors: Vojtaššák Marek 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Purpose of the article is to present in two parts the selected aspects of application of monetary policy in the euro area pre and post 2008 as well as insitutional adaptations brought by the EU legislator.
Methodology/methods In order to better explain these points, the article relies partially on a comparison with the framework and application of the monetary policy by the Federal Reserve as well as on a historic method when outlining the influence of definition of financial stability from the ECB/Eurosystem towards other prominent central banks.
Scientific aim The article presents selected aspects of the monetary policy in the part of the EU where single currency was introduced in order to outline state of the art governance structure as well as a certain institutional creativity in application of powers conferred upon the central banks by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and Protocol on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank. The goal is to prove (i) the hypothesis of robustness of the framework and (ii) present the limits that can only be pushed further by the legislative power.
The conclusions confirm on the one hand that the framework of monetary policy based on strong institutional safeguards such as legislative power and independence is very resilient and can prove efficient and creative enough to stabilise an innovative monetary system, however, on the other hand, validate the hypothesis that certain adaptations can only be performed on the basis of a legislative adaptations.
Novel synthesis and reactions of pyrazolyl-substituted tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinoline derivatives
Authors: Zaki Remon M. , El Dean Adel M. Kamal , El Monem Maisa I. Abd , Seddik Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Treatment of isoquinolinecarboxamide 4a with triethyl orthoformate, chloroacetyl chloride or carbon disulfide afforded the pyrimidinone 7, oxopyrimidinethione 12 and chloromethylpyrimidinone 18, respectively. These products were used as versatile starting materials for synthesis of other heterocyclic compounds. The heterocyclic hydrazide 6 was also obtained.
A study on the relationship of sociocultural characteristics, menstrual hygiene practices and gynaecological problems among adolescent girls in Eastern India
Authors: Mishra Shailendra Kumar , Dasgupta Doyel , Ray Subha 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The present study aims to understand the relationship of socioeconomic characteristics, menstrual hygiene practices and gynaecological problems among adolescent girls residing in rural and urban areas in the state of West Bengal, India.

Methods:
The study was based on a sample of 715 adolescent girls from rural (325) and urban (390) areas of West Bengal, a state in Eastern India. These girls belong to the Bengali-speaking Hindu community. Data on socioeconomic characteristics, menstrual hygiene practices (such as type of absorbents used and mode of cleaning of genitals during days of menstrual discharge) and gynaecological problems were collected using pretested questionnaires.

Results:
Rural and urban girls differ (p<0.01) for age at menarche, menstrual hygiene practices and prevalence of gynaecological problems. Urban girls have better menstrual hygiene practices (β=0.343, p<0.01) than rural girls. A similar trend is noted for gynaecological problems (β=0.080, p<0.01) among the study participants. Apart from socioeconomic characteristics, menstrual hygiene (β=–0.121, p<0.01) remains a significant predictor of gynaecological problems. The results of path analysis also indicate that girls of higher socioeconomic status have better menstrual hygiene practices which subsequently reduce the prevalence of gynaecological problems among them.

Conclusion:
A concerted effort from parents, educational institutions and existing healthcare institutions along with media may ensure safe and secure reproductive health prospects for adolescents in the region.
Optimization of Process Parameters in Micro-EDM of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Krishnaraj V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTitanium alloys are categorized as light weight materials posse greater strength and toughness and are usually known to create major challenges during conventional and non-conventional machining. In general, these alloys are referred as difficult to machine materials. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) suffers poor machinability for most cutting processes, especially the generation of micro-holes using traditional machining methods. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is suitable for machining titanium alloys, although selection of machining parameters for higher machining rate and accuracy is a challenging task in machining micro-holes. Discharge current, pulse ON time and Flushing pressure were considered as the major influencing machining parameters and Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Hole Taper were considered as the performance criteria. It is observed that machining performances are affected mostly by the peak current and pulse-on time during micro-electro discharge machining of titanium alloy. Mathematical models have been developed using multiple regression analysis, to establish the relationship between various significant process parameters and micro-EDM performance criteria. Also, studies have been made to examine the influence of various process parameters on the quality of the machined micro-hole.
A study of interaction of materialism and money attitude and its impact on car purchase
Authors: Rimple Manchanda , Srikant Manchiraju , Naseem Abidi , Jitendra Kumar Mishra 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The present study investigates how the interaction of materialism and money attitude affects individuals choice of car price range in recent purchases (i.e., within the past six months). Car purchase behavior in terms of car price range has also been tested for different income groups, age groups and gender in National Capital Region (India). The data was collected through judgment sampling from 164 respondents, who recently purchased a new car for their personal use. The findings revealed that there is a significant association between materialism and different attitudes regarding the amount of money used by the respondents to purchase a car during the last six months. Level of materialism varies across different income levels and money attitude differs between males and females. Income was found to be the only variable that had significant association with choice of car price range. Age and gender did not seem to affect the car purchase behavior. This research has implications for the automobile industry and organizations in allied business activities, policy makers and marketers.
Crystal structure of poly [μ2-acetato-κ3-O,O′:O′)diaqua(μ3-isophthalato-κ4
O,O′:O′′:O′′′)cerium(III)] monohydrate (C10H13O9Ce)
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Shi-Hui 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C10H13O9Ce, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 10.5139(13) Å, b = 12.5642(15) Å, c = 10.4197(13) Å, β = 93.813(1)°, V = 1373.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0197, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0505, T = 296(2) K.
Tailoring the in vitro characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol)-nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Kaur Tejinder , Thirugnanam Arunachalam , Pramanik Krishna 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) reinforced with nanohydroxyapatite (PVA-nHA) composite scaffolds were developed by varying the nHA (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, w/v) composition in the PVA matrix by solvent casting technique. The developed composite scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement. The stability of the composite scaffolds in physiological environment was evaluated by swelling and degradation studies. Further, these composite scaffolds were tested for in vitro bioactivity, hemolysis, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength. SEM micrographs showed a homogenous distribution of nHA (3%, w/v) in the PVA matrix. XRD and ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed no phase contamination and the existence of the chemical bond between PVA-nHA at approximately 2474 cm-1. PVA-nHA composite scaffolds with 3% (w/v) concentration of nHA showed nominal swelling and degradation behavior with good mechanical strength. The mechanical strength and degradation properties of the scaffold above 3% (w/v) of nHA was found to deteriorate, which is due to the agglomeration of nHA. The in vitro bioactivity and hemolysis studies showed improved apatite formation and hemocompatibility of the developed scaffolds. In vitro cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and Alizarin red S staining confirmed the biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds.
Synthesis of spherical porous cross-linked glutaraldehyde/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels
Authors: Araki Sadao , Shirakura Yuko , Suzuki Harufumi , Yamamoto Hideki 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Spherical glutaraldehyde cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels (G-PVA) were prepared in three steps: gelatification, cross-linking, and removal of alginate. Gelatification was carried out by dropping a solution of alginate, PVA, and glutaraldehyde into a calcium chloride solution to form calcium alginate. Calcium alginate gels were prepared at 20°C, 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C to study the effect of gelatification temperature on the formation of pores on the surface of G-PVA. The effect of the alginate content was studied. PVA and glutaraldehyde were cross-linked by immersion of the gels in a solution of H2SO4 and Na2SO4. The effect of sodium alginate and inorganic salts, such as MgSO4 and K2SO4, on the formation of pores on the surface of G-PVA was confirmed.
Structural chemistry of anionic fluoride and mixed-ligand fluoride complexes of indium(III)
Authors: Davidovich Ruven L. , Fedorov Pavel P. , Popov Artur I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA total of 88 crystal lattice structures of indium(III) anionic fluoride and mixed-ligand fluoride complexes have been discussed and systematized. Most of these structures have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, but some were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction methods. The presented crystallography data were compared with known isotypical compounds. This paper offers a discussion of the geometry of indium and outer sphere cation coordination polyhedra; the association of indium atoms in dimer, oligomer, and polymer formations (chains, layers, frameworks); types of cation-anion interactions; and their contributions in actual three-dimensional crystal structures including types of the crystal lattices formed. We also used structural examples of potassium fluoroindates(III) to describe the basics of the structural depolymerization model for fluoride compounds, which is used to depict the formation and transformation of complex metal fluorides and predict structural types of novel or uncharacterized fluorides in the corresponding compound series. For the readers’ convenience, we have compiled structural information in a single table containing phase compositions and corresponding standard crystallographic data (such as crystal system, space group, unit cell parameters, number of formula units per cell [
Negative Energies in the Dirac Equation
Authors: Dvoeglazov Valeriy V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
It is easy to check that both algebraic equation

D
e
t
(

p
^

−

m
)

=

0

$Det(\hat p\, - \,m)\, = \,0$

and

D
e
t
(

p
^

+

m
)

=

0

$Det(\hat p\, + \,m)\, = \,0$

for u– and v– 4-spinors have solutions with

p
0

=

±

E
p

=

±

p

2

+

m
2

.

${p_0}\, = \, \pm {E_p}\, = \, \pm \,\sqrt {{{\bf{p}}^2}\, + \,{m^2}} .$

The same is true for higher-spin equations. Meanwhile, every book considers the equality p
0=E

p
for both u– and v– spinors of the (1/2, 0)⊕(0, 1/2) representation only, thus applying the Dirac–Feynman–Stueckelberg procedure for elimination of the negative-energy solutions. The recent Ziino works (and, independently, the articles of several others) show that the Fock space can be doubled. We reconsider this possibility on the quantum field level for both s=1/2 and higher-spin particles.
Screening of Ethanolic Extract of <i>Borassus flabellifer Flowers for its Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Kavatagimath Satish A. , Jalalpure Sunil S. , Hiremath Ravindra D. 
Published: February 2016

<p>Diabetes mellitus is an age old metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose levels. This may be due to deficiency of insulin (Type I Diabetes) or insulin resistance (Type II Diabetes). Traditional system of medicine provides with many plant sources for the effective management of diabetes mellitus preferable than any other system of medicine. The rationale behind use of such herbal medicines is to be supported by establishing the scientific basis for their traditional claims. In the present study ethanolic extract of <em>Borassus flabellifer </em>flowers was screened for its anti-diabetic potential against alloxan induced diabetic rats. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), blood glucose level, serum lipid profile and histological study of pancreas were performed. The free radical scavenging effect was studied by using DPPH method. After administration of the ethanolic extract, there was a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels from 60 min (OGTT) acute study reveals blood glucose lowering potential of 20 % at 6 hr whereas sub-acute study after 15 days of treatment it was observed to be 35 %. The extract exerts a significant DPPH radical scavenging effect. From the data it can be inferred that ethanolic extract of <em>Borassus flabellifer </em>flowers are in confirmation with the claims made in traditional system of medicine. This marked antihyperglycemic effect and <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant potential may be attributed to the presence of active constituent’s like flavonoids and triterpenoids.</p><p> </p>
A Pharmacognostical study on <i>Fumaria parviflora </i>Lamk.
Authors: Modi Karuna , Amin Aeshna , Shah Mamta 
Published: February 2016

<p><em>Fumaria parviflora</em> Lamk., is a valued herb in Ayurvedic medicine and is used as Parpata by majority of Ayurvedic practitioners amongst the other plant sources mentioned under the same common name. It is found in many parts of India from Indo-Gangetic plain and Nepal down to the Nilgiri Mountains. The whole plant is diuretic, diaphoretic, aperient, laxative and anthelmintic. It is used as antipyretic, blood purifier and in skin disorders. In the present study, physico-chemical parameters were established for identification of the drug. Protopine and <em>β</em>-sitosterol were quantified by validated HPTLC method, developed using precoated silica gel plates as a stationary phase and toluene: ethyl acetate: diethyl amine (7: 2: 1) and toluene: methanol (9.4: 0.6) as a mobile phase respectively. It is a diffuse, annual herb with thin winged stem; alternate leaf<strong><em> </em></strong>finely divided into small, linear lanceolate segments, small white or pink flowers with purplish tips. Microscopically root can be characterized by the presence of centrally located diarch primary xylem encircled by wide secondary xylem occupying major area and a narrow cork; stem by collenchymatous hypodermis, vascular bundle capped with lignified pericyclic fibres and hollow pith; leaf by vascular bundles with groups of sclerenchyma underneath the phloem and narrow spongy parenchymatous lamina. Powder<strong><em> </em></strong>can be typified by xylem vessels with varied thickening, lignified and thick walled testa and spherical pollen grains. The plant was found to be rich in alkaloids. The amount of protopine and <em>β</em>-sitosterol were found to be 0.47 – 0.50% w/w and 0.23 – 0.26% w/w. The quality parameters and HPTLC method developed would serve as useful gauge in standardization of <em>Fumaria parviflora</em>.</p>
Serum Omentin-1 Concentrations are Significantly and Independently related to Carotid Intima:Media Thickness in Postmenopausal Saudi Women
Authors: Alissa Eman Mokbel 
Published: February 2016

Purpose: Cytokines and hormones derived from adipose tissue are implicated in bone metabolism and atherogenesis. There is little data on the relationship between serum omentin-1 and vascular disease.Ã‚Â We aimed to investigate the relationship between levels of serum omentin-1 in Saudi postmenopausal females with and without subclinical atherosclerosis.Methods: 126 postmenopausal women were recruited from the King Abdulaziz University Hospital in a case-control study design. Measurements were made of clinical biomarkers, including carotid intima: media thickness (CIMT) for all subjects.Results: Serum omentin-1 levels were higher amongst postmenopausal women with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis than their age-matched controls (p<0.05). Only body weight and mean CIMT were shown to be independent predictors of serum omentin-1 levels by explaining 10.6% of the total variance according to the multiple regression model. Conclusion: Serum omentin-1 levels are higher in postmenopausal women with evidence of early carotid atherosclerosis as assessed by CIMT and negatively associated with body weight.
Community Participation In Tourism Management In Busai Village Homestay, Wangnamkheo District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand
Authors: Naipinit Aree , Maneenetr Thirachaya 
Published: February 2016

The objective of this research was 1) to study community participation in tourism management at Busai Village Home Stay, Wangnamkheo District, Nakhon Ratchasim Province, and 2) to study the effect of the attitudes upon local tourism, particularly in Busai Village Homestay, Wangnamkheo District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. This research used both qualitative and quantitative methods, and the population studied was 155 family leaders of households in Busai Village Homestay. In addition, we used content analysis in the qualitative method, and in the quantitative method, we analyzed 155 questionnaires utilizing percentage, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation with the SPSS/PC program. The findings were as follows: Community participation was high with regard to developing ideas for tourism management, in planning locations for tourist attractions and use of natural resources, in budgeting for supporting and developing tourist attractions, and in viewing tourist attractions as financially beneficial for the community. Villagers’ participation in keeping attractions clean and safe, in beautifying the attractions, and in receiving information on tourism were also high. The community’s overall attitude toward tourism was at a medium level. A widely held opinion was that Tambon Administrative Organization (TAO) should accept the people’s ideas in order to develop a tourism management system because TAO has not cooperated with the local people in tourism management as it should have. Apart from this, the local people believe that all people are the owners of natural resources serving as tourist attractions and that all should be responsible for taking care of them.. The local people should not protest tourism management, and neither should they consider it as the responsibility of TAO only.
The Role Of Business Education At The K-12 Level: Faculty Perceptions On Establishing A Business Education Department In The College Of Basic Education At The Public Authority For Applied Education And Training
Authors: AlSagheer Abdullah , Al-Sagheer Areej 
Published: February 2016

In recent years, business education has grown rapidly at the university level, though there have been some critics who believe that this approach does not instill the outcomes that business schools claim. One possible approach suggested is the expansion of business education to general education at the K-12 level in order to better instill business skills among the general student population. The validity of this theory and the proposal to add a business education component to the College of Basic Education at The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training in The State of Kuwait was tested using the perspectives gathered through interviews of six faculty members from the College of Basic Education and the College of Business Studies. The interviews revealed varying opinions between the two faculties on the usefulness of business education generally, the applicability of business skills, and the importance of teaching business ethics. Though the hypothesis is ultimately not fully supported, the perspectives given provide a good start for considering expanding business education to the K-12 level.
Currency Crisis: The Case Of Iceland
Authors: Lakehal-Ayat Merouane 
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the Krona (the Icelandic currency) from an investment perspective while determining what has influenced its recent value deterioration. The paper looks at many different variables that have influenced the currency since the 1980s. These factors include: Iceland’s market-based economy, the layout of their financial system, the exchange rate system, balance of payments, international investment position, and the fiscal/monetary policies that influence their society. When investing in this currency, it is vital to understand the importance of each of these factors and their role in the valuation of the currency as an investment. With the recent decline of the Krona’s value, recommendations are put forward regarding Iceland’s currency’s management. Due to the fact that their financial system has been the backbone of their economy over the last decade, they need to stabilize this system first and foremost. As soon as the economy will display signs of recovery, the government must take measures to curb the deficit and external debt, while encouraging the diversification of the Icelandic economy. Moreover, Iceland must do its best to join the Euro zone. In that context and from an investment approach; namely, trading the Krona, individuals should sell it if they have a short-term investment horizon. However, in the long-term ranging from three to five years, the currency promises modest return.