bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Placentome Morphology in the Last Two Periods of Pregnancy in Hair Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)
Authors: İşbilir Fatma , Kandil Banu , İşbilir İhsan , Koca Davut , Güzel Barış Can 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study was carried out on pregnant uteruses obtained from healthy Hair goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). A total of thirteen pregnant uteruses, six second and seven third trimesters, were used. Morphometrically, placentome numbers, lengths, widths and depths were measured. Randomly selected placentomes from the second and third trimesters were stained with the triple staining method. Caruncular and cotyledonary areas, capillary numbers and areas were measured using Qupath v0.5.0 software. The Minitab (version 21.4.1) was used for statistical analysis. While no statistical difference was observed in the number of placentomes between trimesters (p > 0.05), placentome length, width and depth were higher in the third trimester compared to the second trimester (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in the number of caruncular and cotyledonary capillaries in the second trimester. In the second trimester, the caruncular capillary area was higher than the cotyledonary capillary area (p < 0.05). Both caruncular and cotyledonary capillary area parameters were higher in the third trimester than in the second trimester (p < 0.001). In the third trimester, the caruncular capillary area was higher than the cotyledonary capillary area (p < 0.001). The number of caruncular capillaries and cotyledonary capillaries was statistically significantly higher in the third trimester compared to the second trimester. In addition, the number of cotyledonary capillaries was higher than that of caruncular capillaries in the third trimester (p < 0.001). A positive and significant correlation was found between the day of pregnancy and the number of placentomes in the second trimester (p < 0.05). No correlation was observed between the day of pregnancy and the number of placentomes in the third trimester. Vascular area density showed a faster development in foetal tissue than in maternal tissue. Placentome size and angiogenesis increased with the progression of pregnancy.
The impact of caregiver training on the oral health of people with disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Santos Matheus Urias Cruz , Freitas Miranda Filho Aluísio Eustáquio de , Molena Kelly Fernanda , Silva Léa Assed Bezerra da , Stuani Maria Bernadete Sasso , Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino de 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsThis systematic review aimed to assess the impact of oral health training for caregivers of individuals with disabilities.Materials and methodsA systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases: Medline (PubMed), SciELO, Web of Science, LILACS, and CAFe, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The PICO strategy was defined as follows: Participants: caregivers of individuals with disabilities; Intervention: training or education in oral health for caregivers; Control: no caregiver training; and Outcomes: evaluating whether oral health training for caregivers improves the oral health of people with disabilities. The study aimed to address the research question: “What is the impact of oral health training for caregivers of individuals with disabilities?” The study was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42023416760).ResultsA total of 14 studies were included, with trained caregivers being either staff members or parents, and various disabilities reported, with cerebral palsy being the most prevalent. Caregiver training methods varied, such as instructions on the importance of oral health care, supervised oral hygiene, and demonstration of toothbrushing techniques. Overall, the intervention groups showed an improvement in measures such as to the Gingival Index, Plaque Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and Gingival Bleeding Index on upon probing. Additionally, improvements were observed in the quality, frequency, and duration of toothbrushing among intervention groups.ConclusionThe findings suggest that oral health training for caregivers has a positive impact on the oral health of individuals with disabilities, potentially leading to better oral health outcomes.
Social Rationality and Human Reasoning: Logical Expressivism and the Flat Mind
Authors: Oaksford Mike 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper attempts to reconcile the claims that the mind is both flat (Chater, 2018) and highly rational (Oaksford & Chater, 2020). According to the flat mind hypothesis, the mind is a mass of inconsistent and contradictory fragments of experience. However, standard accounts of rationality from formal epistemology argue that to be rational, our beliefs must be consistent, and we must believe all the logical consequences of our beliefs. A social account of rationality is developed based on Brandom's (1994) logical expressivism, in which respecting the norms of logic and probability theory is still central but where these standards apply to our public commitments in social dialogical contexts rather than to our individual belief systems (Skovgaard‐Olsen, 2017). According to this account, even if someone's individual beliefs are inconsistent, they cannot be condemned as irrational if they acknowledge the inconsistency and seek to resolve it. It is shown how this approach interacts with people's fragmented and shallow world knowledge, and its social distribution yields some counterintuitive consequences, such as it sometimes being rational individually not seeking to resolve contradictions. Other consequences of this social expressivist approach are considered, including for dual process theories of reasoning, our view of beliefs, the status of logic, and Fodor's (1983) view of central systems. It is concluded that people can have flat minds and yet be highly rational.
Design and Integration of a Flapping Wing Apparatus
Authors: Rayman Bradley , Jawad Badih , Vejdani Hamid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we presented the design, integration, and experimental verification of a flapping wing apparatus. The purpose for this apparatus is to provide a framework to study the applicability of various types of sensors on flapping wings in the presence of forward speed. This work is inspired by the discoveries of mechanosensory hairs on insect wings that perform like strain-gauge sensors. To design the apparatus, we started by kinematic analysis of a crank-slider mechanism to actuate the wings. After that, we constructed the equations of motion of the entire system to find the proper gear ratio, motor properties, and other geometric dimensions. For the aerodynamic modeling, we used a quasi-steady formulation and presented a closed-form solution for the aerodynamic torque. Then, we explained the integration process and manufacturing of the main parts and presented two prototypes for the apparatus. At the end, we showed the final constructed versions of the apparatus and presented the experimental response and compared them with the simulation.
Numerical Investigation of Convective Heat Transfer of Supercritical Hydrocarbon Fuel in a Tube Filled With Porous Media
Authors: Yao Li-Shuai , Yu Xiao , Zhang Bing , Zhao Yu-Xin , Qiu Qing-Gang , Hao Yi-fan , Yan Hao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Active regenerative cooling method using hydrocarbon fuel as heat-absorbing working medium is one of the commonly used thermal protection methods of scramjet engine. In the transcritical region, the drastic change of physical properties of hydrocarbon fuel may lead to deterioration of heat transfer, which will have an adverse effect on the engine structure. Because of its large specific surface area and loose pores, porous media show excellent heat transfer enhancement performance, which is conducive to alleviating heat transfer deterioration. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effect of porous media on heat transfer in the active regenerative cooling channel. In this paper, the effect of porous media on the convective heat transfer of n-decane in a tube was investigated numerically, and the enhanced heat transfer effect of porous media with different pore size, thermal conductivity and spatial layout was analyzed. The results show that the turbulent kinetic energy and velocity are affected by partially filled porous media. In the transcritical region, filling the tube with porous media can alleviate the sharp rise of wall temperature to a certain extent. In addition, changing the structural parameters and physical characteristics of porous media will also affect its enhanced heat transfer.
Undetected Ocular Mass as a Critical Alert for Identifying Uveal Metastasis
Authors: Štrbac Tea , Kuzmanović Elabjer Biljana , Koprivanac Antun , Bušić Mladen 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: We report our experience of diagnosing and managing metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lungs with primary manifestation to the iris and the ciliary body with the purpose to raise clinical suspicion for systemic malignancy in the presence of undetected ocular mass along with other ocular manifestations.Observations: An 82‐year‐old male presented with a deterioration of vision and intense pain in the right eye since the day before. With his right eye, he suddenly discerned hand movements only. Intraocular pressure in the right eye was increased. Slit–lamp biomicroscopy revealed a ciliary injection and hemorrhagic mass overlying the temporal half of the iris. The L‐9 ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) scan documented the tumor completely infiltrating the iris and the ciliary body. We suspected a metastatic eye lesion. CT chest imaging showed a solid expansive formation of the right lung. At the Oncology Department, a fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed under the control of MSCT, which confirmed lung adenocarcinoma.Conclusions and Importance: Although very rarely, pathological changes in the uvea may indicate a metastatic occurrence that needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis. It is important to undergo a wide ophthalmological examination, which in this case included a standardized A‐scan echography and UBM, which confirmed the suspicion of a tumor lesion, followed by cooperation with other medical professionals in order to discover a primary diagnosis.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Impact of Psychological Resilience on Psychosocial Stress Responses
Authors: Zhang Danying , Wang Xin , Sun Xiaoqiang , Fang Shulin , Xiong Ge , Cheng Chang , Gu Meiling , Yao Shuqiao , Dong Daifeng , Wang Xiang 
Published: October 2024

Background: High psychological resilience (HR) could protect individuals from psychosocial stress and thereby make individuals less vulnerable to depression and anxiety; however, the underlying neural mechanism remains to be investigated.Methods: The Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) was administered to participants of 59 healthy individuals with HR and 56 individuals with low psychological resilience (LR) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Cortisol concentrations and subjective stress levels were collected across the MIST. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to measure the group differences in subjective and cortisol stress responses. Two‐sample t‐tests were conducted to detect the group differences in stress‐related brain activation and functional connectivity (FC).Results: The LR group exhibited an increase in cortisol concentration after the MIST, whereas the HR group exhibited a decrease in cortisol concentration after the MIST. The LR group exhibited higher activation in the left anterior insula and lower FC between the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the right temporal pole (TP) (all pFWE < 0.05). Mediation analyses revealed that the left anterior insula mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and depression and the left OFC–right TP FC mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and anxiety.Conclusions: Findings highlight that the anterior insula and OFC–TP FC could be the critical neural mechanism underlying the interaction between psychological resilience and psychosocial stress. Moreover, higher anterior insula activation and lower OFC–TP FC could be the crucial neural mechanism of individuals with low psychological resilience developing into depression/anxiety when experiencing daily psychosocial stressors.
The Sublingual Gland Flap for Oral Reconstruction: Insights From a Single Institutional Experience
Authors: Wieczorkiewicz Agata , Kuczera Joanna , Hramyka Andrei , Śliwiński Krzysztof , Bargiel Jakub , Wyszyńska-Pawelec Grażyna , Gontarz Michał 
Published: October 2024

Background: Following ablative surgery, the reconstruction of oral cavity defects is essential to ensure optimal function and aesthetically acceptable outcomes. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the effectiveness and complication rates of the sublingual gland flap (SGF) in oral soft tissue reconstruction. The procedure for harvesting SGF and the strengths and limitations of the flap are discussed.Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 13 patients suffering from oncological diseases who underwent soft tissue reconstruction with SGF. The patient’s medical charts were evaluated based on histopathological aspects, postoperative complications, and outcomes. Reconstruction of the floor of the mouth was performed in 8 patients (61.5%) and lower gingiva in 5 patients (38.5%), respectively.Results: Complete epithelialization with closure of the defect was achieved within an average of 2 weeks. The observation period ranged from 1 to 33 months, with an average duration of 11.5 months. Partial flap necrosis and ranula occurred in one patient (7.7%). Furthermore, postoperative bleeding was observed in one patient (7.7%), and wound dehiscence and abscess formation were noted in another (7.7%). Locoregional recurrence of the cancer was observed in one case (7.7%).Conclusions: The SGF is effective for achieving successful reconstruction of small‐ and medium‐sized defects in the lower gingiva and floor of the mouth. The complication rate is relatively low.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ДІЇ S-ГЕТЕРИЛСУКЦИНАТІВ НА МІКРОКЛОНАЛЬНЕ РОЗМНОЖЕННЯ ДЕКОРАТИВНИХ РОСЛИН
Authors: Zavhorodnii M. P. , Derevianko N. P. , Shkopynska Т. E. , Brazhko O. A. , Kornet M. M. , Gencheva V. I. , Luchkevych E. R. , Shupenyuk V. I. 
Published: October 2024

Мета роботи. Дослідження впливу нових похідних S-гетерилсукцинатів на мікроклональне розмноження декоративних рослин: клону 112 павловнії повстистої (Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.) і троянди рожевої (Rosa damascena Mill.) сорту Лада; визначення ліпофільності, як одного з важливих факторів, що впливає на прояв біологічної активності.
Матеріали і методи. Для синтезованих сполук було проведено in silico скринінг токсичності за допомогою онлайн-сервісів TEST і GUSAR та експериментально досліджено за функціональним станом сперматозоїдів чоловіків in vitro. Для виконання окремих етапів розрахунків фізико-хімічних характеристик сполук застосовано АСD-I-Labs. Для оцінки біологічної дії сполук на ризогенез використовували технологію мікроклонального розмноження на живильному середовищі Мураcіге – Скуга. Досліджувані сполуки додавали перед стерилізацією живильного середовища. Контролем слугувало живильне середовище без регуляторів росту.
Результати й обговорення. S-гетерилсукцинати, які були попередньо синтезовані за реакцією нуклеофільного заміщення на основі 4-хлорохінолінів та 4-хлоропіридину і залишку меркаптосукцинатної кислоти (структура синтезованих сполук була підтверджена спектрами 1H, 13C NMR), показали низький токсичний профіль і високу ростостимулювальну активність при мікроклональному розмноженні клону 112 павловнії повстистої (Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.) і троянди рожевої (Rosa damascena Mill.) сорту Лада. Досліджені сполуки не потребують складного хімічного синтезу, є малотоксичними і стимулюють ризогенез при низьких концентраціях – 10-5–10-7 моль/л, що робить їх екологічно та економічно добрими кандидатами у групу регуляторів росту. Висока росторегулювальна активність дозволяє рекомендувати їх до подальшого поглибленого вивчення в інших технологіях розмноження і вирощування рослин.
Висновки. Додавання сполуки 2-((7-хлорохінолін-4-іл)тіо)сукцинатної кислоти (QS-3) у живильне середовище достовірно збільшувало кількість та довжину коренів у рослин із максимальним відсотком частоти ризогенезу 92 % у павловнії повстистої та 84 % в троянди рожевої, що на 16 та 12 % більше ніж у препарату порівняння. Отримані результати дають змогу рекомендувати цю сполуку до практичного використання і можуть стати платформою для подальшої структурної оптимізації при розробці сучасних регуляторів росту для вегетативного розмноження рослин.
Primary care provider beliefs and knowledge of prescribing gender-affirming hormone therapy to transgender and gender diverse patients
Authors: Yip Allison T. , Charat Stacy , Silva Jordan , Blumenthal Jill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Transgender patients often cannot access a provider who is knowledgeable about providing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). This study evaluated primary care provider (PCP) comfort and experience with, opinions about, and knowledge of prescribing GAHT to adults.

Methods
An anonymous Qualtrics survey was distributed to PCPs in San Diego County. Fisher’s exact test assessed any association between age, years in practice, or practice setting and 1) comfort in prescribing GAHT and 2) favorable statements about learning about, providing, and benefitting from training in GAHT. T-tests determined relationship between age, years in practice, or practice type setting with number of correctly answered multiple choice knowledge-based questions out of 4.

Results
Out of 220 responses, median age was 41, 60% had practiced for ≤ 10 years, and 19% had practiced in an academic setting. Forty-two percent did not receive any education about transgender healthcare during medical training. The most commonly reported barrier to providing GAHT was lack of training (74%). PCPs age ≤ 41 (67% vs 49%, p = 0.009), PCPs practicing for ≤ 10 years (65% vs 51%, p = 0.037), and PCPs in non-academic settings (64% vs. 41%, p = 0.013) were more likely to report being comfortable with prescribing GAHT. PCPs age ≤ 41 (89% vs 62%, p < 0.001) and PCPs practicing for ≤ 10 years (86% vs 66%, p < 0.001) were more likely to show interest in learning about GAHT. PCPs age ≤ 41 (74% vs 46%, p < 0.001) and PCPs practicing for ≤ 10 years (70% vs 50%, p = 0.003) were more likely to show interest in prescribing GAHT. Knowledge scores were higher for PCPs age  ≥42 (mean 1.7 vs 1.4, p = 0.033) and PCPs working in academic centers (mean 2.0 vs 1.4, p = 0.002).

Conclusion
Younger (age ≤ 41) and early career (practicing for ≤ 10 years) PCPs reported being more comfortable with prescribing GAHT and had more favorable opinions in learning about, providing, and benefitting from training in GAHT. They are interested in providing GAHT; however, few prescribe GAHT with most reporting lack of training as a major barrier. This was evident with overall low knowledge scores regardless of age, experience, or clinical setting and underscores the need for increased educational efforts in transgender care throughout medical training.
Artificial intelligence and predictive models for early detection of acute kidney injury: transforming clinical practice
Authors: Tran Tu T. , Yun Giae , Kim Sejoong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) presents a significant clinical challenge due to its rapid progression to kidney failure, resulting in serious complications such as electrolyte imbalances, fluid overload, and the potential need for renal replacement therapy. Early detection and prediction of AKI can improve patient outcomes through timely interventions. This review was conducted as a narrative literature review, aiming to explore state-of-the-art models for early detection and prediction of AKI. We conducted a comprehensive review of findings from various studies, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and practical considerations for implementation in healthcare settings. We highlight the potential benefits and challenges of their integration into routine clinical care and emphasize the importance of establishing robust early-detection systems before the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted prediction models. Advances in AI for AKI detection and prediction are examined, addressing their clinical applicability, challenges, and opportunities for routine implementation.
The activity of hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics against biofilms of bacteria isolated from industrial-scale cooling towers
Authors: Dias-Souza Marcus Vinícius , Alves Andrea Lima , Pagnin Sérgio , Veiga Andrea Azevedo , Haq Ihtisham Ul , Alonazi Wadi B. , dos Santos Vera Lúcia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Cooling towers (CTs) are crucial to myriad industrial processes, supporting thermal exchange between fluids in heat exchangers using water from lakes and rivers as coolant. However, CT water can sometimes introduce microbial contaminants that adhere to and colonize various surfaces within the CT system. These microorganisms can form biofilms, significantly hindering the system’s thermal exchange efficiency. Current treatment strategies employ oxidizing biocides to prevent microbial growth. However, despite their affordability, they do not eliminate biofilms effectively and can lead to corrosive damage within the system. Herein, we aim to devise an anti-biofilm strategy utilizing hydrolytic enzymes (such as α-amylase, glucoamylase, pectin-lyase, cellulase, protease, and DNase) alongside antibiotics (including meropenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and ceftriaxone) to combat microbial growth and biofilm formation in cooling systems.

Results
All enzymes reduced the development of the biofilms significantly compared to controls (p < 0.05). The polysaccharidases exhibited biomass reduction of 90%, except for pectin-lyase (80%), followed by DNAse and protease at 43% and 49%, respectively. The antibiotics reduced the biofilms of 70% of isolates in concentration of > 2 mg/mL. The minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) lower than 1 mg/mL was detected for some 7-day-old sessile isolates. The enzymes and antibiotics were also used in combination against biofilms using the modified Chequerboard method. We found six synergistic combinations, with Fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) < 0.5, out of the ten tested. In the presence of the enzymatic mixture, MBECs presented a significant decrease (p < 0.05), at least 4-fold for antibiotics and 32-fold for enzymes. Moreover, we characterized high molecular weight (> 12 kDa) exopolysaccharides (EPS) from biofilms of ten isolates, and glycosyl composition analysis indicated a high frequency of glucose, mannose, erythrose, arabinose, and idose across isolates EPS contrasting with rhamnose, allose, and those carbohydrates, which were detected in only one isolate.

Conclusion
The synergistic approach of combining enzymes with antibiotics emerges as a highly effective and innovative strategy for anti-biofilm intervention, highlighting its potential to enhance biofilm management practices.