bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Kanak Parents on Customary Trial: An Ethnography of the Customary Family Court of Nouméa, New Caledonia
Authors: TRÉPIED BENOÎT 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor the last two decades, in the context of the progressive decolonization of New Caledonia (South‐West Pacific), the French justice system has integrated Kanak within New Caledonia's family courts. These customary assessors are officially responsible for identifying and explaining the relevant “customary law” to the presiding professional judges (all of whom come from metropolitan France), required to adjudicate Kanak family matters (divorce, child custody, child support, and so on) according to “Custom.” Drawing on an ethnographic study of the Customary Family Court of New Caledonia's capital city, Nouméa, this paper concentrates on the practical interactions between these legal guardians of the customary order and the urban, mostly young, Kanak parents appearing before the Court. As day‐to‐day experiences of Kanak parenthood in this urban context often challenge the traditional, functionalist, and ruralist paradigm promoted by the Customary Family Court, ethnographic observation of these hearings reveals a wide range of discursive strategies and cultural negotiations and confrontations between Kanak parents, customary assessors, and French judges. At the core of these debates on family, culture, and custom in the justice system lies the issue of Kanak authenticity and its articulation with history, social change, and urban trajectories. [custom, justice, decolonization, parenthood, New Caledonia]
Histone modifications interact with DNA methylation at the GATA4 promoter during differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte‐like cells
Authors: Xu Hao , Yi Qin , Yang Chunmei , Wang Yue , Tian Jie , Zhu Jing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesA previous study of ours confirmed that Islet‐1 specifically induces differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyocytes, and that one of the mechanisms underlying that process is regulation of histone acetylation. Here, we further explore the mechanism of MSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes from the perspective of interactions between epigenetic modifications.Materials and methodsWe used lentiviral vectors to overexpress Islet‐1 in MSCs, and ChIP‐qPCR, MSP and BSP were performed to detect levels of histone acetylation/methylation and DNA methylation in the GATA4 and Nkx2.5 promoters. To further explore relationships between these epigenetic modifications, we used 5‐aza or TSA to interfere with DNA methylation and histone acetylation, respectively, and detected effects on the other two modifications.ResultsHistone acetylation level increased and its methylation level decreased at GATA4 and Nkx2.5 promoters; DNA methylation level was reduced at the GATA4 promoter but did not change at the Nkx2.5 promoter. Furthermore, 5‐aza increased histone acetylation level and reduced its methylation level at the GATA4 promoter but had no effect on the Nkx2.5 promoter; TSA reduced histone methylation and DNA methylation levels at the GATA4 promoter, but it only reduced histone methylation level at the Nkx2.5 promoter.ConclusionsHistone acetylation/methylation and DNA methylation were both involved in regulating GATA4 expression, but Nkx2.5 expression was not regulated by DNA methylation. These three modifications had high correlation with each other during regulation of GATA4 and produced a regulation loop at the GATA4 promoter.
Multiple sclerosis and risk of attempted and completed suicide – a cohort study
Authors: Brenner P. , Burkill S. , Jokinen J. , Hillert J. , Bahmanyar S. , Montgomery S. 
Published: April 2016

Background and purposePatients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are known to have an elevated suicide risk, but attempted suicide is incompletely investigated. The relation between education level and suicidality has not been investigated in MS patients. Our objective was to estimate attempted suicide and completed suicide risks amongst MS patients.MethodsA total of 29 617 Swedish MS patients were identified through the Swedish Patient Register and matched with 296 164 people without MS from the general population. Cox regression analysis estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of MS with attempted and completed suicide, with adjustment for age, sex, education and calendar period.ResultsThe adjusted HR for attempted suicide amongst MS patients is 2.18 (95% CI 1.97–2.43) compared with the general population cohort. For completed suicide the HR is 1.87 (95% CI 1.53–2.30). In both groups women are at higher risk of attempting suicide, whilst men are at higher risk of completing suicide. Education level is inversely associated with completed suicide amongst the non‐MS cohort (0.68, 0.51–0.91), but not amongst MS patients (1.10, 0.60–2.04).ConclusionMultiple sclerosis patients are at higher risk of both attempted and completed suicide. No evidence was found of an inverse association between educational level and risk of completed suicide amongst MS patients.
Attractiveness of baits to dung beetles in Brazilian savanna and exotic pasturelands
Authors: Correa César M. A. , Puker Anderson , Korasaki Vanesca , Ferreira Kleyton R. , Abot Alfredo R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Brazilian savanna is the second largest ecosystem in Brazil. It is also one of the most endangered, with only 20% of its habitat remaining unchanged. Agriculture and livestock have been indicated as the main agents of destruction of the Brazilian savanna. Brazilian livestock, for example, is the main reason for cultivation of exotic grasses such asUrochloaspp. (from Africa). Dung beetles are widely used in ecological assessment, mainly because they are recognized as bioindicators of environmental changes. Therefore, efficient sampling is required for any research involving the biodiversity of this group. In order to mitigate the lack of information on efficiency of the attractiveness of baits in the endangered Brazilian savanna and in exotic pasturelands, we sampled dung beetles in four native patches of the Brazilian savanna and in four areas of pastures withUrochloaspp. Dung beetles were captured with pitfall traps baited with carcass, cattle dung, human feces and pig dung, with a total sampling effort of 384 traps. We sampled 7544 individuals belonging to 43 species and 18 genera of dung beetles. Thirty‐eight species were collected in the Brazilian savanna and 24 species in exotic pastureland. In both ecosystems traps baited with human feces sampled greater abundance and species richness of dung beetles when compared with the other three baits used. Our results showed that human feces is a reliable, easy and inexpensive bait to sample greater abundance and species richness of generalist dung beetles in both native and exotic habitats, with clear structural differences.
Intrahepatic angiogenesis increases portal hypertension in hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Le , Zhao Xinya , Feng Yuemin , Ma Xiaowen , Wu Hao , Zhu Qiang 
Published: April 2016

AimIt remains unclear whether intrahepatic angiogenesis increases portal hypertension (PH) in hepatitis B with cirrhosis. We aim to investigate the relationship between intrahepatic angiogenesis and PH in hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis.MethodsSixty hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis and 40 healthy subjects were included in this study. Angiogenesis markers vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR2), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and fibrosis marker α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) were observed by immunohistochemistry. Sirius Red staining was also used to determine liver fibrosis. Correlations between levels of intrahepatic angiogenesis and Child–Pugh classes, liver fibrosis degree, and portal vein pressure were examined. We also analyzed the relationship between levels of intrahepatic angiogenesis and complications of PH, including esophageal varices (EV), ascites, and hypersplenism.ResultsCorrelation was observed between the levels of VEGFR2 (r = 0.590, P < 0.01), vWF (r = 0.524, P < 0.01) in tissue, and Child–Pugh classes. Significant correlations were observed between levels of VEGFR2 and α‐SMA (r = 0.710, P < 0.01), VEGFR2 and Sirius Red (r = 0.841, P < 0.01), vWF and α‐SMA (r = 0.768, P < 0.01), and vWF and Sirius Red (r = 0.825, P < 0.01). Patients with hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) ≥12 mmHg showed higher levels of VEGFR2 and vWF expression compared to those with (HVPG) <12 mmHg (2.60 ± 1.28% vs. 1.09 ± 0.73%; 5.85 ± 2.45% vs. 2.31 ± 1.34%, P < 0.01), respectively. Moreover, complications of PH, including size of esophageal varices (P < 0.01), presence of ascites (P < 0.01), and spleen volume (P < 0.01) were significantly affected by the levels of intrahepatic angiogenesis.ConclusionIntrahepatic angiogenesis increases PH in hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis. The study provides the potential ways to intervene in the progresses for therapeutic benefits in cirrhosis and PH.
Framework for enhancing clinical practice guidelines through continuous patient engagement
Authors: Armstrong Melissa J. , Rueda Juan‐David , Gronseth Gary S. , Mullins C. Daniel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatient engagement in clinical practice guideline (CPG) development is recommended by multiple institutions and instruments measuring guideline quality. Approaches to engaging patients, however, vary between oversight organizations, quality tools and guideline developers.ObjectiveWe propose a ten‐step framework outlining steps and options for patient engagement in guideline development with the goal of highlighting steps for patient engagement and methods by which this can be achieved.DiscussionThis framework provides a model for continuous patient engagement in CPGs by outlining ten steps of guideline development occurring at the levels of the developer/committee and the individual guideline project. At the developer level, patients can assist in topic nomination (step 1), topic prioritization (step 2) and guideline development group selection (step 3). Within specific guideline projects, patients’ opinions may be incorporated when framing the question (step 4), creating an analytic framework and research plan (step 5), conducting the systematic review and conclusion formation (step 6), development of recommendations (step 7) and dissemination and implementation (step 8). At the end of process, patients can again be engaged at the developer level by helping determine when guidelines need updating (step 9) and evaluating the developer's approach to patient engagement (step 10).ConclusionsPatient engagement at each CPG development step has different purposes, mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages, and implications for resource utilization. This framework can serve as a resource for guideline developers desiring to increase patient engagement and reference for researchers investigating engagement methodology at different steps of the CPG lifecycle.
Wind conditions facilitate the seasonal water‐crossing behaviour of Oriental Honey‐buzzards Pernis ptilorhynchus over the East China Sea
Authors: Nourani Elham , Yamaguchi Noriyuki M. , Manda Atsuyoshi , Higuchi Hiroyoshi 
Published: April 2016

Migratory raptors rarely fly over stretches of water larger than 25 km, although different species undertake water crossings of varying lengths, depending mainly on their wing morphology. Oriental Honey‐buzzards fly c. 680 km over the East China Sea in autumn from breeding areas in Japan to wintering areas in Southeast Asia, but avoid this long water crossing in spring. We investigated the effects of weather on this exceptional migratory behaviour and its seasonality through a maximum entropy niche modelling approach. We used data collected through satellite tracking of 31 adult birds as presence points and a set of variables related to wind, precipitation and convective condition as environmental predictors. Results of modelling showed very different, almost non‐overlapping, areas suitable for migration over the East China Sea region in autumn and spring. Suitable migration routes in autumn mostly occurred over the sea, whereas suitable areas for spring migration mostly occurred over land, suggesting that circumnavigating the East China Sea is preferable in spring. At the regional scale, wind conditions facilitate water‐crossing behaviour of Oriental Honey‐buzzards in autumn, but not in spring. Specifically, suitable tailwinds over the sea enable water‐crossing in autumn, whereas in spring, wind support and convective conditions are best over land. Our modelling did not suggest any importance of convective conditions for autumn migration. However, we expect that at smaller temporal scales, convective conditions would be a considerable facilitator of the water‐crossing behaviour in this species.
Why FX Risk Management Is Broken–and What Boards Need to Know to Fix It
Authors: Jankensgård Håkan , Alviniussen Alf , Oxelheim Lars 
Published: April 2016

This article provides a comprehensive critique of current corporate foreign exchange risk management (FXRM) practices. The authors characterize much of FXRM as a “legacy” activity, a set of outdated, often decentralized and “earnings‐driven” methods and procedures that have not been subjected to rigorous cost‐benefit analysis at the enterprise level. And according to the authors, the costs of poorly designed and executed FXRM have increased sharply in recent decades because of the growing demand by analysts and investors for cost‐efficiency, transparency, and predictability.After discussing six ways in which the FX policy of most large multinationals fails to serve the interests of their investors and other important stakeholders, the authors offer the following: (1) a restatement of the goals of FXRM; (2) an illustration of various ways of implementing a largely (if not completely) centralized approach to FXRM; (3) a proposal for aligning performance evaluation and executive pay with the goals of FXRM; (4) suggestions for improving decision‐support tools in relation to FXRM; (5) proposals for integrating FXRM into an enterprise‐wide risk management system, which include shifting responsibility for FXRM from the Finance/Treasury group to a centralized risk committee (typically under a Chief Risk Officer who reports to the board of directors); and (6) suggestions for improving communication of a company's risk management policies and practices to investors and other stakeholders.
Is It Necessary to Achieve a Complete Box Isolation in the Case of Frequent Esophageal Temperature Rises? Feasibility of Shifting to a Partial Box Isolation Strategy for Patients With Non‐Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: HIGUCHI SATOSHI , SOHARA HIROSHI , NAKAMURA YOSHINORI , IHARA MINORU , YAMAGUCHI YOSHIO , SHODA MORIO , HAGIWARA NOBUHISA , SATAKE SHUTARO 
Published: April 2016

Partial Box Isolation Strategy for Non‐Paroxysmal Atrial FibrillationIntroductionThere are some cases with frequent luminal esophageal temperature (LET) rises despite titrating the radiofrequency energy while creating a linear lesion for the Box isolation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about the feasibility of redesigning the ablation lines for a modified Box isolation strategy to prevent fatal esophageal injury in those cases.Methods and ResultsTwo hundred and seventeen patients who underwent a Box isolation of non‐paroxysmal AF were evaluated. We divided them into 2 groups, patients in whom a box lesion set of the entire posterior left atrium had been achieved (complete Box isolation [CBI]; n = 157) and those in whom 2 additional peri‐esophageal vertical lines were created at both the right and left ends of the esophagus, and those areas were left with an incomplete isolation when frequent rapid LET rises above 39.0 °C were observed while creating the floor line (partial Box isolation [PBI]; n = 60). During 20.1 ± 13.9 months of follow‐up, the arrhythmia‐free rates were 54.1% in the CBI group versus 48.3% in the PBI group (P = 0.62). In the second session, a complete Box isolation was highly achieved even in the PBI group (94.3% vs. 83.3%, respectively; P = 0.17) and after 2 procedures, the arrhythmia‐free rates increased to 75.2% vs. 68.3%, respectively (P = 0.34). There was no symptomatic esophageal injury in the PBI group.ConclusionIn the case of frequent LET rises while creating the linear lesions for the Box isolation strategy for non‐paroxysmal AF, shifting to the PBI strategy was feasible.
Partial Least Squares Regression Modeling of Physical and Chemical Properties of Corn‐Based Snacks Containing Kañiwa and Lupine
Authors: Ramos Diaz Jose Martin , Sundarrajan Lakshminarasimhan , Kariluoto Susanna , Lampi Anna‐Maija , Tenitz Seppo , Jouppila Kirsi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule) and lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) are good gluten‐free sources of protein and fiber. The effect of various contents of kañiwa or lupine flour on physical and chemical properties of extruded snacks was investigated. Grain type (kañiwa or lupine), content of kañiwa or lupine flour (20–50% of solids), temperature of die (140–160°C), screw speed (200–500 rpm) and WCM (14–18%) as well as content of protein, ash, fiber and main fatty acids of blend were the predictors in the PLSR model 1. SEI decreased with increasing WCM and content protein and fiber of blend, and increased with increasing screw speed. The stiffness of extrudates containing kañiwa or lupine increased with decreasing screw speed, and increased with increasing WCM, and content of protein and fiber of blend. Extrudates with higher content of kañiwa or lupine presented higher retention of fatty acids and tocopherols while the content of total phenolic compounds and folate was comparable to that of unprocessed flour blends according to PLSR model 2. This study showed that extrudates containing up to 50% kañiwa and at most 20% lupine of solids can maintain high SEI as well as added nutritional value. This study applied successfully PLSR to study the incorporation of kañiwa and lupine to corn‐based extrudates.Practical ApplicationsUp to 50% kañiwa and 20% lupine can be successfully added to expanded corn‐based extrudates, thereby increasing the overall content of protein and fiber compared to pure corn extrudates. Extrusion had a minor effect on total phenolic compounds and folate, meaning that some of the nutritional value conferred by kañiwa or lupine was not lost under the conditions tested. Kañiwa, in particular, could have an outstanding potential for the development of gluten‐free extruded snacks. Partial Least Squares modeling was a formidable tool to predict the effect of material and process variables on the physical and chemical characteristics of extruded snacks, thus giving valuable information for product development
Evaluation of cognitivity, proinflammatory cytokines, and brain magnetic resonance imaging in minimal hepatic encephalopathy induced by cirrhosis and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction
Authors: Yadav Santosh K , Goel Amit , Saraswat Vivek A , Thomas Michael A , Wang Ena , Marincola Francesco M , Haris Mohammad , Gupta Rakesh K 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is the mildest form of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and is characterized by deficits in neurocognitive performance without any clinical symptoms of HE. In the current study, we aim to evaluate and compare the neurocognitive, biochemical, and brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging changes between patients with cirrhotic MHE and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) MHE.MethodsThirty‐three cirrhotic and 14 EHPVO patients were diagnosed with MHE and were included in the analysis along with 24 normal healthy volunteers. All subjects underwent MR imaging including diffusion tensor imaging and proton MR spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) followed by cognitive assessments, critical flicker frequency (CFF) measurements, quantification of blood ammonia, and serum proinflammatory cytokine levels.ResultsWe observed abnormal neurocognitive functions and CFF measurements in both cirrhotic MHE and EHPVO MHE patients as compared with controls. Significantly increased blood ammonia, serum proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, TNF‐α) level, mean diffusivity in multiple brain sites, 1H‐MRS derived glutamate/glutamine (Glx)/creatine (Cr), and significantly decreased 1H‐MRS derived myo‐inositol/Cr were observed in both cirrhotic MHE and EHPVO MHE compared with those of controls. Choline/Cr level was significantly decreased in cirrhotic MHE as compared with controls and EHPVO MHE.ConclusionsCirrhotic MHE showed more severe changes on mean diffusivity in multiple brain sites and inflammation as compared with EHPVO MHE. This study confirms that there are significant difference in neurocognitive, biochemical, and MR profile between cirrhotic MHE and EHPVO MHE, which may help to understand the pathophysiologies of these two types of MHE and may contribute to improve their clinical managements.
Identification of fluocinolone acetonide to prevent paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Cetinkaya‐Fisgin Aysel , Joo Min Geol , Ping Xiang , Thakor Nitish V. , Ozturk Cengizhan , Hoke Ahmet , Yang In Hong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPaclitaxel (PTX) is among the most commonly used cancer drugs that cause chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a debilitating and serious dose‐limiting side effect. Currently, no drugs exist to prevent CIPN, and symptomatic therapy is often ineffective. In order to identify therapeutic candidates to prevent axonal degeneration induced by PTX, we carried out a phenotypic drug screening using primary rodent dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons. We identified fluocinolone acetonide as a neuroprotective compound and verified it through secondary screens. Furthermore, we showed its efficacy in a mouse model of PTX‐induced peripheral neuropathy and confirmed with four different cancer cell lines that fluocinolone acetonide does not interfere with PTX's antitumor activity. Our study identifies fluocinolone acetonide as a potential therapy to prevent CIPN caused by PTX.