bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headache as a presenting symptom of glioma: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Russo Marco , Villani Veronica , Taga Arens , Genovese Antonio , Terrenato Irene , Manzoni Gian Camillo , Servadei Franco , Torelli Paola , Pace Andrea 
Published: May 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence and the clinical features of headache as a presenting symptom of glioma. Methods We interviewed 527 consecutive adult patients with histologically confirmed glioma, admitted to the Regina Elena National Cancer Institute between 2010 and 2015. We defined four headache phenotypes: Tension-type-like headache (TTH), migraine-like headache, worsening of a pre-existing headache (WPH) and classic brain tumour headache (BTH). Logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate potential risk factors for headache at presentation of glioma. Results 12.5% (n = 66) of patients with glioma indicated headache as a presenting symptom of their disease. Of these, 31 patients (47%) had TTH, while BTH and WPH were reported by 28 (42%) and seven (11%) patients, respectively. We did not find any case of migraine-like headache. Infratentorial ( p = 0.038) and right-sided tumours ( p = 0.013) were more frequently associated with the presence of headache at onset. Patients with TTH were older than patients with BTH and WPH ( p = 0.035). BTH was less frequently associated with other neurological signs ( p < 0.0001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the localization of the brain tumour in the left hemisphere to be a protective factor for the development of headache. Conclusions Our study includes a very large series of patients with glioma, providing a description of headache phenotype at first presentation of disease and investigating possible factors that may influence the clinical features of headache.
Quelques Commentaires Sur La Chloropromazine En Pratique Psychiatrique
Authors: Larivière Paul 
Published: May 2017

It is not the purpose of this article to give out statistics about chlorpromazine and the cures and improved cases to be credited to its use. More simply,. we wish to outline what our own experience has been after a rather constant use of this drug over a period of two years. During that time about 200 of our patients have received Largactil in various amounts. — it is our impression that in private psychiatric practice chlorpromazine is most valuable as an emergency drug in all cases of agitation — Largactil has proved a valuable help in the treatment of acute and even chronic psychosis — with unstable, turbulent children, often pre-psychotic types, it may be used with advantage — in neurotic cases the use of this drug are more restricted, and its advantages less marked. At any rate, the criteria of efficacy are here less accurate. — chlorpromazine is not meant to replace psychotherapy but serves as a potentializer to its action and, in that way, can shorten the duration of treatment — chlorpromazine's action might be construed as one of “deconditioning“ where the patients had been conditioned to affective traumas. By interrupting the effect of their neurosis on their neuro-vegetative system it leaves them,. so to speak, “disconnected” from their neurosis and, for that reason, more accessible to psychotherapy than could have been hoped. The hypothesis, as Such, opens up new perspectives in dynamic psychiatry. It would be an exaggeration, we feel, to talk about the revolution brought about in the practice of psychiatry by the advent of chlorpromazine but certainly it introduces an important evolution and it cannot be denied that the chances have been heightened by it of obtaining cures in psychiatry.
Blood Pressure Effects of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors — the Highs and Lows*
Authors: Cockhill Leslie A. , Remick Ronald A. 
Published: May 2017

Clinical guidelines for the management of the most common side effects associated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (postural hypotension and hypertensive episodes) are offered. When non-pharmacological interventions fail to alleviate MAOI induced postural hypotension, the use of volume expanders (salt tablets or fludrocortisone) may be effective alternatives to drug discontinuation. Phentolamine and chlorpromazine are traditional drug treatments for MAOI hypertensive emergencies. The newer drug treatments evolved in the last decade for treating hypertensive emergencies is not reflected in the psychiatric or emergency medicine literature on treating MAOI induced hypertensive states. Nifedipine, diazoxide, or sodium nitroprusside appear to be more rational choices for this problem.
Drug-Induced Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kido Kazuhiko , Guglin Maya 
Published: May 2017

Background:The most plausible hypothesis for takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a catecholamine surge. Direct administration of catecholamines or medications causing catecholamine surge is frequently used in clinical practice.Methods:A Medline/PubMed database search was conducted for case reports or series of drug-induced TCM. All reported cases of drug-induced TCM were systemically identified and analyzed.Results:We identified 157 cases of drug-induced TCM. Fifty-seven (36.3%) cases were related to the administration of exogenous catecholamines. In 50 (31.9%) other cases, there was potential adrenergic effect. This included drugs with adrenergic vasoconstriction properties (3.2%), hyperadrenergic state due to alcohol or opioid withdrawal (7.7%), inhibitors of catecholamine reuptake (14.7%), anaphylactic reaction that is accompanied by catecholamine release (3.2%), and psychological or somatic stress coinciding with the administration of a drug that was thought to be the culprit (3.2%). Overall, 68.2% of these drug-induced TCM cases were catecholamine related. In 14 (8.9%) cases, the likely etiology of cardiomyopathy was chemotherapy-induced coronary vasospasm.Conclusion:Our systematic review showed that over two-thirds of drug-induced TCM cases were due to direct or indirect catecholamine stimulation. The lowest effective dose and shortest duration of catecholamines should be utilized, and alternative therapies should be considered if feasible.
Norwegians and cheap alcohol: Consumption in a low price area
Authors: Høyer Georg , Nilssen Odd , Brenn Tormod , Schirmer Helge 
Published: May 2017

Although the archipelago of Svalbard is a part of Norway (situated 78 degrees north), the area is subject to a different alcohol policy than on the Norwegian mainland. In Svalbard, the prices of alcohol are low (in comparison to those on the mainland): however, personal quotas are in force in order to control sales. This study compares the level of alcohol consumption on Svalbard and on the Norwegian mainland. The comparison is based on self-reports of alcohol consumption. In Svalbard all of the residents eighteen years or older were screened by a self-administered questionnaire: alcohol consumption was recorded as an intake of alcohol measured in units during the last week before filling in the questionnaire. On the mainland, the recording was carried out through personal interviews in which respondents were asked about the frequency of alcohol intake and the average amount of intake for each episode in representative periods. The results showed that men in Svalbard consumed 1.7 times more alcohol then the men consumed on the mainland: women, 1.4 times more. The increased level of alcohol consumption can primarily be explained by the lower prices of alcohol in Svalbard. Thus this study strongly confirms the results of other studies which stress the impact of prices on the levels of alcohol consumption.
Does Increased Availability of Licit Alcohol Influence the use of Unrecorded Alcoholic Beverages?
Authors: Hauge Ragnar , Amundsen Arvid 
Published: May 2017

In autumn 1991 the Norwegian Wine and Spirits Monopoly was permitted to open stores for off-license sales in three municipalities of the Sogn and Fjordane County — which until then had been the last county in Norway without monopoly stores. This gave the population the possibility to buy wine and spirits directly from the stores, instead of ordering it by post or spending a day travelling to stores outside the county. Two surveys were carried out comprising representative samples consisting of 6 000 adults in the three municipalities where stores were opened, and 6 000 from other municipalities in the county; one survey shortly before the stores were opened, and the second a year later. One of the aims of the study was to see if the opening of the stores had any influence on the use of home-made alcoholic beverages or smuggled spirits. The share of the respondents who said that they had drunk these kinds of unrecorded alcoholic beverages in the last 12 months decreased in both type of municipalities from 1991 to 1992 — but the decrease was more pronounced in municipalities where monopoly stores were opened than in the others. It was also found that unrecorded alcoholic beverages were used much more seldom in 1992 than in 1991 in municipalities with stores — while they were used more often in municipalities without stores. One of the arguments for the opening of the stores was the wish to decrease the use of unrecorded beverages. The results of the study seems to imply that at least to a certain extent this goal was achieved.
Våta Tripper: Bruket av Narkotika och Lugnande Medel i Finland
Authors: Partanen Juha 
Published: May 2017

The study is based on the results of a questionnaire on the use of narcotics and sleeping pills or tranquillizers by non-institutionalized, 15 to 69 years old Finns in 1992. Altogether 4.6 % of the respondents stated that they had used or tried drugs. The results show that drug use in Finland is a predominantly urban phenomenon, most commonly among those 20 to 30 years old living alone in the capital city area. These drug-users also are heavy drinkers. In other parts of the country, and especially among older persons, people rarely even know anyone who had tried drugs. The use of minor tranquillizers differs in many ways from the use of drugs. In regard to alcohol, tranquillizers are taken more often by abstainers and heavy drinkers than by moderate drinkers. Difference in use between men and women seems to be less than in other countries. The use of drugs, minor tranquillizers and alcohol in different combinations was analyzed using regression analysis, with socio-demographic characteristics, health, and three life-style variables as explanatory variables. The results show that it is not worthwhile to study the use of narcotics or minor tranquillizers as a unitary phenomenon. In combination with abstinence or moderate drinking the character of the use differs from that of the use combined with heavy drinking. The capital city differs surprisingly much from the rest of the country, not only in the use of drugs, but also in regards to heavy drinking and poly drug use.
Från Gorbatjovs Sovjet Till Gorbatschows Ryssland: Konsten Att Lösa Upp Ett Imperium1
Authors: Gerner Kristian 
Published: May 2017

The author describes how the anti-alcohol campaign of Mikhail Gorbachev not only was a failure, but also accelerated the breakdown of the Soviet empire, by undermining the legitimacy of the state apparatus. The reasons for this were many. The state lost most of its tax income leading to an ever-accelerating inflation; black market and illicit distillation expanded leading to criminalization and increased supply of low quality alcohol; and a well-organized hoarding economy developed, as the shortage of commodities increased, beginning with sugar and yeast. The anti-alcohol campaign therefore acted as an important element in the disintegration process, made possible by perestroika and glasnost. Another main factor was the growing strength of ethnicity, which became an explosive political force underlining the significant cultural differences between the wine consumers in the southern regions and the northern vodka-drinking Russians. National liberation movements in the Soviet Republics such as Moldavia and Georgia were fostered by the fact that the grapevine, their national pride, was defiled. Gorbachev's campaign was therefore doubly counterproductive: the system broke down – but King Alcohol remained the true ruler over the Russians.
Mellanölets Renässans i Finland
Authors: Rahkonen Ossi , Helakorpi Satu , Karisto Antti , Paakkanen Pirjo , Simpura Jussi 
Published: May 2017

The article describes the two waves of popularity for medium beer in Finland. Medium beer contains 3.7-4.7 percent alcohol per volume whereas strong beer (sold only in the state retail monopoly shops) contains 4.7-5.8 alcohol per volume. The first wave occurred after deregulation of the sale of the medium strength beer in 1969. The second was in the beginning of the 1990s. During the first wave, the total consumption of beer increased; the consumption of medium beer rose in parallel with the consumption of strong beer. During the second wave, medium beer became a substitute for the strong variety. Finnish drinkers of medium strength beer are described using data from two data sets: Monitoring of Health Behaviour among the Finnish Adult Population (1978–93) and Alcohol Interview Surveys (1984 and 1992). Consumption of medium beer has increased in all age, gender and socio-economic groups, but it has increased more among younger and middle-age people than among older people. The differences between educational groups diminished after adjustment for age. Since 1984 medium beer bars have become increasingly popular and women, in particular, have joined the clientele.
Structural Changes in the Danish Alcohol Market
Authors: Milhøj Anders 
Published: May 2017

This report researched yearly (1978–1994) and quarterly (1990–1994) data on the Danish consumption of beer, wine and spirits in order to identify changes in the market shares of each of these types of alcohol which were caused by major tax reductions for beer and wine in 1991 and 1992. Plots of the data immediately show that the sales of spirits decreased while the sales of wine increased. These changes are too large to be explained only by the reduction of the cross-border trade with Germany. Cross-border trade was the main reason for the tax reductions. The statistical analyses give a more precise picture of the reasons for the reduction in the market share of spirits in the total Danish alcohol sales, from 14 percent in 1990 to 11 percent in 1993. The main part of this reduction, at least 2 percent, is caused by the tax-induced changes in price relations, while, at most, 1 percent comes from a trend movement. The market share of beer has been almost constant for many years. However, the statistical analysis shows that a trend movement tends to reduce market share, while a reduction in beer price, relative to the price of spirits caused by tax reductions, has increased the market share, resulting in minimum change for the beer sector. The market share of wine has been steadily increasing since the 1970s and no dependencies on the prices of alcohol was found.
Molecular remodeling of the renin-angiotensin system after kidney transplantation
Authors: Antlanger Marlies , Domenig Oliver , Kovarik Johannes J , Kaltenecker Christopher C , Kopecky Chantal , Poglitsch Marko , Säemann Marcus D 
Published: May 2017

Objective: We aimed at assessing the molecular adaptation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) after successful kidney transplantation (KTX). Materials and methods: In this prospective, exploratory study we analyzed 12 hemodialysis (HD) patients, who received a KTX and had excellent graft function six to 12 months thereafter. The concentrations of plasma Angiotensin (Ang) peptides (Ang I, Ang II, Ang-(1–7), Ang-(1–5), Ang-(2–8), Ang-(3–8)) were simultaneously quantified with a novel mass spectrometry-based method. Further, renin and aldosterone concentrations were determined by standard immunoassays. Results: Ang values showed a strong inter-individual variability among HD patients. Yet, despite a continued broad dispersion of Ang values after KTX, a substantial improvement of the renin/Ang II correlation was observed in patients without RAS blockade or on angiotensin receptor blocker (HD: renin/Ang II R2 = 0.660, KTX: renin/Ang II R2 = 0.918). Ang-(1–7) representing the alternative RAS axis was only marginally detectable both on HD and after KTX. Conclusions: Following KTX, renin-dependent Ang II formation adapts in non-ACE inhibitor-treated patients. Thus, a largely normal RAS regulation is reconstituted after successful KTX. However, individual Ang concentration variations and a lack of potentially beneficial alternative peptides after KTX call for individualized treatment. The long-term post-transplant RAS regulation remains to be determined.
Intensity of hydration changes the role of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers in contrast-induced nephropathy risk after coronary catheterisation in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Guo Xiao-sheng , Wu Deng-xuan , Bei Wei-jie , Li Hua-long , Wang Kun , Zhou Ying-ling , Duan Chong-yang , Chen Shi-qun , Lian Dan , Li Li-wen , Liu Yong , Tan Ning , Chen Ji-yan 
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the potential effect of hydration intensity on the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal insufficiency. Methods: All eligible patients were included and stratified according to hydration intensity defined as saline hydration volume to body weight tertiles: <10.21 mL/kg, 10.21 to <17.86 mL/kg, and ⩾17.86 mL/kg. Results: In total, 84 (6.7%) of 1254 patients developed contrast-induced nephropathy: 6.2% in the ACEI/ARB group versus 10.8% in the non-ACEI/ARB group ( P=0.029), with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–1.73, P=0.735). The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy was lower in the ACEI/ARB group than in the non-ACEI/ARB group in the second tertile ( P=0.031), while not significantly different in the first ( P=0.701) and third ( P=0.254) tertiles. ACEIs/ARBs were independently associated with a lower contrast-induced nephropathy risk (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09–0.74, P=0.012) and long-term all-cause death (hazard ratio 0.461, 95% CI 0.282–0.755, P=0.002) only in the second hydration volume to body weight tertile. Conclusion: The effects of ACEIs/ARBs on contrast-induced nephropathy risk vary according to saline hydration intensity in chronic kidney disease patients, and may further reduce contrast-induced nephropathy risk in patients administered moderate saline hydration.
Whole blood gene expression in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome: an exploratory cross-sectional study suggesting altered B cell differentiation and survival
Authors: Nguyen Chinh Bkrong , Alsøe Lene , Lindvall Jessica M. , Sulheim Dag , Fagermoen Even , Winger Anette , Kaarbø Mari , Nilsen Hilde , Wyller Vegard Bruun 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a prevalent and disabling condition affecting adolescents. The pathophysiology is poorly understood, but immune alterations might be an important component. This study compared whole blood gene expression in adolescent CFS patients and healthy controls, and explored associations between gene expression and neuroendocrine markers, immune markers and clinical markers within the CFS group.

Methods
CFS patients (12–18 years old) were recruited nation-wide to a single referral center as part of the NorCAPITAL project. A broad case definition of CFS was applied, requiring 3 months of unexplained, disabling chronic/relapsing fatigue of new onset, whereas no accompanying symptoms were necessary. Healthy controls having comparable distribution of gender and age were recruited from local schools. Whole blood samples were subjected to RNA sequencing. Immune markers were blood leukocyte counts, plasma cytokines, serum C-reactive protein and immunoglobulins. Neuroendocrine markers encompassed plasma and urine levels of catecholamines and cortisol, as well as heart rate variability indices. Clinical markers consisted of questionnaire scores for symptoms of post-exertional malaise, inflammation, fatigue, depression and trait anxiety, as well as activity recordings.

Results
A total of 29 CFS patients and 18 healthy controls were included. We identified 176 genes as differentially expressed in patients compared to controls, adjusting for age and gender factors. Gene set enrichment analyses suggested impairment of B cell differentiation and survival, as well as enhancement of innate antiviral responses and inflammation in the CFS group. A pattern of co-expression could be identified, and this pattern, as well as single gene transcripts, was significantly associated with indices of autonomic nervous activity, plasma cortisol, and blood monocyte and eosinophil counts. Also, an association with symptoms of post-exertional malaise was demonstrated.

Conclusion
Adolescent CFS is characterized by differential gene expression pattern in whole blood suggestive of impaired B cell differentiation and survival, and enhanced innate antiviral responses and inflammation. This expression pattern is associated with neuroendocrine markers of altered HPA axis and autonomic nervous activity, and with symptoms of post-exertional malaise.
Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT01040429
Numerical evaluation of active source magnetics as a method for imaging high-resolution near-surface magnetic heterogeneity
Authors: Noh Kyubo , Lee Ki Ha , Oh Seokmin , Seol Soon Jee , Byun Joongmoo 
Published: May 2017

We have evaluated a geophysical method that uses a low-frequency magnetic source to image subsurface magnetic heterogeneity. This active source approach can be used to image magnetic features at higher resolutions than the conventional passive geomagnetic method. Importantly, this frequency-domain active source approach is independent of the effects of remanent magnetization, which complicates the interpretation of geomagnetic data. We carried out forward modeling of frequency-domain electromagnetic (EM) data and we found that, at frequencies of a few hertz, the magnetostatic response due to the induced magnetization dominates the EM induction response. The result suggests that it is possible to make magnetic interpretation of low-frequency EM data without having to consider the conductivity structure and the corresponding EM induction effect. We compare the anomalous magnetic responses with magnetic noise components and find that the proposed active source magnetic (ASM) method has a depth of investigation of approximately 300 m. Free-space field and inductive noise are considered as the most important issues affecting the depth of investigation. We also determine the potential for linear interpretation of magnetic heterogeneity under 0.1 SI by showing that the low-frequency magnetic response can be approximated by a linear magnetic response. In our synthetic experiments, inversion of the ASM data shows a marked enhancement in resolution, with no effect of the remanent magnetization, in contrast to geomagnetic inversion. These results show that the ASM method is a useful geophysical tool, especially when high-resolution imaging of magnetic susceptibility is required or where strong remanent magnetization complicates the magnetic interpretation.