bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La ecología en colombia: relación, impactos y atenuación con los sectores minero, energético y portuario
Authors: Pineda Patiño Jorge Enrique 
Published: June 2016

En primer lugar, etimológicamente ecología significa, el estudio del lugar donde se habita; de acuerdo con Haeckel (1870), ecología, indica el cuerpo de conocimiento relativo a la economía de la naturaleza, con otros términos, la investigación de las relaciones totales del animal con su ambiente tanto orgánico como inorgánico, las cuales incluyen sobre todo su relación amistosa y hostil con aquellos animales y plantas con los cuales entra directa o indirectamente en contacto. Más brevemente, la Ecología es el estudio de todas las interrelaciones complejas, a las que se refería Darwin, así como las condiciones de lucha por la existencia; siendo así, la ciencia de la ecología, a menudo considerada equivocadamente como â€œbiologíaâ€ en un sentido restringido, constituye desde hace tiempo la esencia de lo que generalmente se denomina â€œhistoria naturalâ€.Â El concepto deÂ ecología en Colombia se aplica a laÂ relación, losÂ impactos y la atenuación conÂ sectores representativos de la economía nacional como lo son: el sector minero, el sector energético y el sector portuario, encontrando ecosistemas intervenidos por el hombre y afectados por el deterior ambiental; pero a su vez la conciencia ambiental de las naciones ha enfilado sus esfuerzos a presentar propuestas gubernamentales que apuntan a laÂ Sostenibilidad y a armonizar los aspectos ambientales, económicos y sociales, para el caso particular de Colombia se hace referencia a la Ley Ambiental99 de 1993.El objetivo del artículo es mostrar las diferentes relaciones de la ecología en Colombia en relación con los impactos y su atenuación en los sectores minero, energético y portuario; como tal se analizan los impactos positivos y negativos que se muestran alrededor de los tres sectores y las medidas atenuantes y evaluadoras de dichos impactos para presentar un resultado de las condiciones que tienen ellos.
Prospectiva de la agroindustria de producción de flor de corte del departamento del Quindío bajo la metodología de Godet
Authors: Cifuentes Wchima Ximena , Mejía Giraldo Luis Miguel 
Published: June 2016

Se llevó a cabo una investigación prospectiva de la Agroindustria de producción de flores de corte del Departamento del Quindío, la cual comprende la zona marginal alta cafetera y se observó que el entorno de mayor influencia es el tecnológico e influyendo principalmente al entorno económico. Además al realizar el análisis de impacto con el uso del criterio prospec- tivo se detectó que las variables críticas son la posibilidad de exportación, los altos márgenes de rentabilidad que podrían ser alcanzados yÂ la ubicación de zonas agroecológicas para la producción de flores y follajes, y como variables externas influyentes el estimulo al desarrollo de empresas y el apoyo con políticas de explotación por el Gobierno.
Does Charismatic Client Leadership Constrain Auditor Objectivity?
Authors: Svanberg Jan , Öhman Peter 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
This study examines whether charismatic client leadership constrains the objectivity of auditor judgment. Previous accounting research has found that auditors who identify with their clients suffer from objectivity impairment because they agree with their clients more than do other auditors. Related to this, leadership research claims that followers' identification with a collective makes them susceptible to charismatic leader influence. Based on leadership theory, we anticipate that auditor objectivity may be constrained when leadership is perceived as charismatic, even disregarding the fact that the auditor is not a member of the client's organization. A cross-sectional design was used and responses from Swedish auditors were analyzed statistically. The findings indicate that perceived charismatic leadership is associated with constrained auditor objectivity.
Collaborative Performance Management in Interfirm Relationships
Authors: Dekker Henri C. , Ding Rong , Groot Tom 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
In this study, we examine how firms' collaborative objectives influence their use of performance management practices in interfirm relationships. We conceptualize collaborative performance management to include three interrelated practices: measurement of interfirm performance, information sharing, and interaction between boundary spanners of partner firms. Prior research has related firms' interfirm control choices to transaction risk as proxied by “given” transaction characteristics. We hypothesize that transaction characteristics are determined by the strategic importance of the collaboration (manifested by the importance of firms' collaborative objectives) and, in turn, influence the use of firms' performance management practices. Analysis of survey data supports our hypotheses that strategic importance of the collaboration is associated with transaction characteristics (i.e., with asset specificity, transaction scope, task interdependencies, and environmental variability), which, in turn, mediate the influence of collaborative objectives on the use of performance management practices. We also find that performance measurement, information sharing, and boundary spanner interaction are used as complementary practices in the management of interfirm relationships.
Efficacy and Safety of LixiLan, a Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combination of Lixisenatide and Insulin Glargine, Versus Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin Monotherapy: The LixiLan Proof-of-Concept Randomized Trial
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Diamant Michaela , Aroda Vanita R. , Silvestre Louise , Souhami Elisabeth , Zhou Tianyue , Perfetti Riccardo , Fonseca Vivian ,   for the LixiLan PoC Study Group
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the efficacy and safety of LixiLan, a fixed-ratio, titratable, combination of 2 units insulin glargine (Gla-100) and 1 μg lixisenatide administered once daily via a single pen, versus Gla-100 in insulin-naïve type 2 diabetes on metformin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants were randomized to once-daily LixiLan (n = 161) or Gla-100 (n = 162) for 24 weeks, while continuing metformin. LixiLan and Gla-100 were started at 10 units/5 μg and 10 units, respectively, and titrated based on the Gla-100 requirement according to fasting plasma glucose levels. The primary objective was to test noninferiority (upper bound of the 95% CI ≤0.4%) of LixiLan in reducing HbA1c; if met, statistical superiority was tested. Secondary objectives included body weight changes, hypoglycemia, and safety.

RESULTS
Baseline characteristics (mean age 57 years, diabetes duration 6–7 years, BMI 32 kg/m2) were similar between groups. At week 24, mean HbA1c was reduced from 8.0% (64 mmol/mol) at baseline to 6.3% (45 mmol/mol) and 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) with LixiLan and Gla-100, respectively, establishing statistical noninferiority and superiority of LixiLan (least-squared mean [95% CI] difference: −0.17% [−0.31, −0.04] {−1.9 mmol/mol [−3.4, −0.4]}; P = 0.01). HbA1c &lt;7.0% (&lt;53 mmol/mol) was achieved in 84% and 78% of participants (nonsignificant), respectively. LixiLan improved 2-h postmeal plasma glucose versus Gla-100 (least-squared mean difference: –3.17 mmol/L [–57 mg/dL]; P &lt; 0.0001). Body weight was reduced with LixiLan (–1 kg) and increased with Gla-100 (+0.5 kg; P &lt; 0.0001), with no increase in hypoglycemic events (∼25% in each group). The incidence of nausea (7.5%) and vomiting (2.5%) was low with LixiLan.

CONCLUSIONS
LixiLan achieved statistically significant reductions to near-normal HbA1c levels with weight loss and no increased hypoglycemic risk, compared with insulin glargine alone, and a low incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin.
Safe long-term repeated disruption of the blood-brain barrier using an implantable ultrasound device: a multiparametric study in a primate model
Authors: Horodyckid Catherine , Canney Michael , Vignot Alexandre , Boisgard Raphael , Drier Aurélie , Huberfeld Gilles , François Chantal , Prigent Annick , Santin Mathieu D. , Adam Clovis , Willer Jean-Claude , Lafon Cyril , Chapelon Jean-Yves , Carpentier Alexandre 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
The main limitation to the efficacy of chemotherapy for brain tumors is the restricted access to the brain because of the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previous animal studies have shown that the application of pulsed ultrasound (US), in combination with the intravenous injection of microbubbles, can temporarily disrupt the BBB to deliver drugs that normally cannot reach brain tissue. Although many previous studies have been performed with external focused US transducers, the device described in the current work emits US energy using an unfocused transducer implanted in the skull thickness. This method avoids distortion of the US energy by the skull bone and allows for simple, repetitive, and broad disruption of the BBB without the need for MRI monitoring. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the BBB can be safely and repeatedly disrupted using such an implantable unfocused US device in a primate model.

METHODS
An 11.5-mm-diameter, 1-MHz, planar US device was implanted via a bur hole into the skull of 3 primates (2 Papio anubis [olive] baboons and 1 Macaca fascicularis [macaque]) for 4 months. Pulsed US sonications were applied together with the simultaneous intravenous injection of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles (SonoVue) every 2 weeks to temporarily disrupt the BBB. In each primate, a total of 7 sonications were performed with a 23.2-msec burst length (25,000 cycles) and a 1-Hz pulse repetition frequency at acoustic pressure levels of 0.6–0.8 MPa. Potential toxicity induced by repeated BBB opening was analyzed using MRI, PET, electroencephalography (EEG), somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring, behavioral scales, and histopathological analysis.

RESULTS
The T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MR images acquired after each sonication exhibited a zone of hypersignal underneath the transducer that persisted for more than 4 hours, indicating a broad region of BBB opening in the acoustic field of the implant. Positron emission tomography images with fluorine-18–labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) did not indicate any changes in the cerebral metabolism of glucose. Neither epileptic signs nor pathological central nerve conduction was observed on EEG and SSEP recordings, respectively. Behavior in all animals remained normal. Histological analysis showed no hemorrhagic processes, no petechia, and extravasation of only a few erythrocytes.

CONCLUSIONS
The studies performed confirm that an implantable, 1-MHz US device can be used to repeatedly open the BBB broadly in a large-animal model without inducing any acute, subacute, or chronic lesions.
Common mycelial networks impact competition in an invasive grass
Authors: Workman Rachael E. , Cruzan Mitchell B. 
Published: June 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Mycorrhizal hyphal complexes can connect multiple host plants to form common mycelial networks (CMNs) that may affect plant competitive outcomes and community composition through differential resource allocation. The impacts of CMN interactions on invasive plants are not well understood and could be crucial to the understanding of invasive plant establishment and success.METHODS:We grew the invasive grass Brachypodium sylvaticum in intra‐ and interspecific pairings with native grass Bromus vulgaris in a greenhouse and controlled for the effects of CMN and root interactions by manipulating the belowground separation between competitors. Comparison of plant growth in pots that allowed CMN interactions and excluded root competition and vice versa, or both, allowed us to delineate the effects of network formation and root competition on invasive plant establishment and performance.KEY RESULTS:Brachypodium sylvaticum grown in pots allowing for only hyphal interactions, but no root competition, displayed superior growth compared with conspecifics in other treatments. Invasive performance was poorest when pairs were not separated by a barrier. Shoot nitrogen content in B. sylvaticum was higher in mycorrhizal plants only when connections were allowed between competitors.CONCLUSIONS:Our results indicate that the presence of CMN networks can have positive effects on B. sylvaticum establishment and nutrient status, which may affect plant competition and invasion success.
La septième saison de 24 heures chrono : illusion d’un tournant moral et éthique ?
Authors: Pichard Alexis 
Published: June 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser l’évolution en termes moraux et éthiques de la série 24 heures chrono (Fox, 2001-2010 ; 2014) à l’aune de sa septième saison. Jusque-là accusée d’épouser la politique antiterroriste utilitariste menée par l’administration du président Républicain en exercice George W. Bush, la série amorce un tournant idéologique à l’occasion de sa septième saison, dont la diffusion débute quelques jours avant l’investiture du Démocrate Barack Obama en janvier 2009. Les grandes polémiques qui entourent 24 heures chrono – en premier lieu, la surreprésentation de la torture – font désormais l’objet de profonds questionnements au sein même de la diégèse et alimentent un débat philosophique plus global quant à l’éthique à adopter dans la guerre contre le terrorisme. Sont alors opposés le déontologisme kantien et de l’utilitarisme théorisé par Jeremy Bentham. Cet article s’attache ainsi à mettre au jour les tensions idéologiques qui animent la septième saison de 24 heures chrono et à évaluer la mesure des inflexions que celle-ci opère dans le sillage de l’élection d’Obama.
Analysis of readymade readers and near–inter-pupillary distance for presbyopic patients in optometric practice in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Butler Monet A. , Jowell Michael E. , Clarke-Farr Peter C. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose and background: This study has particular significance in ophthalmic dispensing as well as for optometry when considering the use of readymade readers (RMRs) both in private practice and in the public health sector. This study investigated firstly whether the optical centre (OC) distance for a sample of RMRs correlates with the near–inter-pupillary distance (near-IPD) for presbyopic patients, whether induced prism occurs with convergence when reading and whether RMR lenses are free of optical strain. Methods: Near-IPDs (measured by a single individual) were obtained from record cards of 1080 patients (540 male patients and 540 female patients). The OC distances were determined for 60 RMRs using a Nikon PL-2 screen vertometer, and induced prismatic effects were calculated for vertical and horizontal meridians. The presence of optical strain was analysed and graded using crossed polarised filters (within a polariscope). Results: The measured average near-IPD was 59.04 mm (s.d. ±2.87) for the 540 female patients and 61.59 mm (s.d. ±3.08) for the 540 male patients. The measured average RMR OC distance was 64.49 mm (s.d. ±3.74) for female patients and 62.77 mm (s.d. ±1.57) for male patients. Based on the mean near-IPD and the corresponding RMR OC distance, the average horizontal prismatic effect found in RMRs designed for female patients with induced prism was 0.11 pd base-out (5.06 mm outwards) and 0.04 pd base-in (1.26 mm inwards). For male RMRs, this was 0.03 pd base-out (1.32 mm outwards) and 0.02 pd base-in (1.28 mm inwards). When comparing RMR distances with near-IPDs, t = -7.87, p < 0.001 for female patients and t = -3.69, p < 0.001 for male patients. The average vertical differential prismatic effect for female patients was 0.67 pd and it was 0.68 pd for male patients. Optical strain was observed in 66.67% and 56.67% of RMR lenses for female and male patients, respectively. The strain pattern was found to be most severe in the inferior temporal periphery for 34 RMRs for female patients and for 20 RMRs for male patients, followed by the inferior nasal periphery for 27 and 18 lenses (RMRs) for male and female patients, respectively. Conclusion: Most RMRs were found to be within international standard tolerances for horizontally induced prismatic effects, but 10% of female and 36.67% of male RMRs had vertical prismatic effects, which exceeded international standards. Significant optical strain was found in the inferior nasal reading portion of the RMRs. Keywords: Readymade readers (RMR’s); prismatic effect; strain; interpupillary distance; presbyopia; reading
The material variance of the Dead Sea Scrolls: On texts and artefacts
Authors: Tigchelaar Eibert 
Published: June 2016

What does a sacred text look like? Are religious books materially different from other books? Does materiality matter? This article deals with three different aspects of material variance attested amongst the Dead Sea Scrolls, Ancient Jewish religious text fragments, of which were found in the Judean Desert. I suggest that the substitution of the ancient Hebrew script by the everyday Aramaic script, also for Torah and other religious texts, was intentional and programmatic: it enabled the broader diffusion of scriptures in Hellenistic and Roman Judea. The preponderant use of parchment for religious texts rather than papyrus may be a marker of identity. The many small scrolls which contained only small parts of specific religious books (Genesis, Psalms) may have been produced as religious artefacts which express identity in the period when Judaism developed into a religion of the book. Keywords: Dead Sea Scrolls; Judaism; Manuscripts
Does psychiatry need religion and spirituality in its treatment approach? Narcissism as an example
Authors: Bohmer Manfred 
Published: June 2016

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Although religion and spirituality are increasingly recognised as important in the understanding and treatment of patients, there are also concerns about their role in psychiatry. The recommendation for the integration of spirituality in the approach to psychiatric practice highlights the importance to further think about this practice.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To contribute to the debate on the role of spirituality in psychiatry by considering the opinions of two prominent thinkers in this field, the theologian Tillich, and the psychoanalyst Symington.</p><p><strong> Method:</strong> The approach of Tillich and Symington to mental health problems are compared. Narcissism is focussed on, since Symington describes narcissism as the core of all pathology and states that the prime aim of psychoanalysis is the transformation of narcissism. The contributions of Kohut and Kernberg are also briefly discussed.</p><p><strong> Results:</strong> In Symington’s opinion more than psychoanalysis is needed to help those in the grip of narcissism. Tillich emphasises the difference between existential anxiety and anxiety due to psychopathology. Psychotherapy can only heal the latter. Yet he also states that we are incapable of change without self-acceptance. For this a larger experience of acceptance or grace is needed, since we are incapable of offering ourselves this type of acceptance.</p><p><strong> Conclusion:</strong> In the struggle to get a grip on narcissism, good nurturing experiences, transformative selfobjects, a confrontation with the darker sides of the self and the message of ultimate acceptance are needed. Religion and spirituality have an important contribution to make to psychiatric or psychotherapeutic treatment.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Narcissism; religion; spirituality; psychoanalysis</p>
Researching Recognition of Prior Learning; the significance of assessor’s values and beliefs within the Totally Pedagogised Society
Authors: O'Leary Phil , Ledwith Ann 
Published: June 2016

This research is exploring the values and beliefs of academic assessors around Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) in order to better understand their mindset and provide a foundation for best practice informed by all actors. An interpretative research design and random stratified sampling allowed for 31 interviews with assessors in an institute of technology setting in Ireland. Bernstein’s theories of classification and framing of knowledge and the related ideas of power and control provided the conceptual framework for analysis of the data. The notion of assessors as actors within the totally pedagogised society also supported analysis. Results are presented in two themes. The first theme reports that the primary values and beliefs of assessors around RPL are related to defending the standards of the formal learning system. The second theme ‘balancing,’ diverges from this and provides further understanding as to positions taken with the assessment of RPL. This theme is discussed within the context of the totally pedagogised society. The research concludes that practitioner networks are necessary to cultivate pedagogic agency for RPL through both the official and pedagogic recontextualisation fields.
The melodic dictation in the traditions of Russian music education
Authors: Dzhumanova Lola 
Published: June 2016

In Russia solfeggio became an academic subject at the time of foundation of Saint-Petersburg and Moscow conservatories. Coming from Western Europe, in Russia solfeggio gained its own traditions of teaching. There were established three main activities – vocal and intonation exercises, hearing analysis and dictation. They were defined by the scientist of the ХХth century – professor of Moscow Conservatory I.V. Sposobin.It is a melodic dictation that became a comprehensive model for the development of prospect musicians’ skills. The reason is in the combination of various tasks, such as the ability to hear, realize, memorize and record a relatively complete musical part based on a certain number of replays. Over the years of evolution in the Russian teaching school the dictation obtained logical representation, enabling to teach and perceive music, tonal and atonal. The same dictation significantly differs in the Russian tradition from its French analogue.The report describes the evolution in the three-level system of music education, comparing it to the traditions of other countries.Key words: solfeggio, a melodic dictation, a comprehensive task, multilevel musical thinking.
Inclusive University Classrooms the importance of faculty training
Authors: Morgado Beatriz , Melero Noelia , Molina Víctor , Cortés-Vega María Dolores 
Published: June 2016

The presence of students with disabilities in the universities is increasing. Faculty need to be trained in order to attend these students and with the objective to offer and inclusice education. The aim of this communication is to identify, describe and explain the barriers and aids that students with disabilities experience in university classroom. Forty four students with disabilitis participated in the research. A biographical narrative methodology was used. The university-life histories of the students were complied by making use of in-depth interviews, lifelines and photographs. Results indicate the important of faculty training in matters concerning disabilities and new technologies, informing to the faculty of the presence of students with disabilities in their classroom, the existence of a specific service to support the faculty and the important of iimproving a positive attitude toward the disability. These results are dicussed in line with other studies. Recommendations are maded according to inclusive education and offering keys to universities to provide training plans leading to inclusive education and learning.