bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a checklist for evaluation of shared decision-making in consultation for extremely preterm delivery
Authors: Guindon Michael , Feltman Dalia M. , Litke-Wager Carrie , Okonek Elizabeth , Mullin Kaitlyn T. , Anani Uchenna E. , Murray II Peter D. , Mattson Christopher , Krick Jeanne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective
Shared decision-making (SDM) between parents facing extremely preterm delivery and the medical team is recommended to develop the best course of action for neonatal care. We aimed to describe the creation and testing of a literature-based checklist to assess SDM practices for consultation with parents facing extremely preterm delivery.

Study design
The checklist of SDM counseling behaviors was created after literature review and with expert consensus. Mock consultations with a standardized patient facing extremely preterm delivery were performed, video-recorded, and scored using the checklist. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated.

Result
The checklist was moderately reliable for all scorers in aggregate. Differences existed between subcategories within classes of scorer, and between scorer classes. Agreement was moderate between expert scorers, but poor between novice scorers. Internal consistency of the checklist was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93).

Conclusion
This novel checklist for evaluating SDM shows promise for use in future research, training, and clinical settings.
Kynurenine-AhR reduces T-cell infiltration and induces a delayed T-cell immune response by suppressing the STAT1-CXCL9/CXCL10 axis in tuberculosis
Authors: Liu Xin , Yang Mengjie , Xu Ping , Du Mingwei , Li Shanshan , Shi Jin , Li Qiang , Yuan Jinfeng , Pang Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a critical global health issue that is complicated by the ability of the pathogen to delay the host’s T-cell immune response. This delay in T-cell recruitment to the site of infection is a pivotal survival strategy for Mtb, allowing it to establish a persistent chronic infection. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, this study focused on Mtb’s exploitation of host tryptophan metabolism. Mtb upregulates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in inflammatory macrophages, thereby increasing kynurenine (Kyn) production. Kyn then activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), leading to the upregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and subsequent inhibition of the JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway. This results in reduced secretion of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, which are crucial for T-cell recruitment to the lungs. Supported by in vivo mouse models, our findings reveal that disrupting this pathway through AhR knockout significantly enhances T-cell infiltration and activity, thereby undermining Mtb-induced immunosuppression. In contrast, additional Kyn injection obviously inhibited T-cell infiltration and activity. These results highlight potential therapeutic targets of AhR and IDO1, offering new avenues for enhancing the host immune response against tuberculosis and guiding future vaccine development efforts.
Two founder variants account for over 90% of pathogenic BRCA alleles in the Orkney and Shetland Isles in Scotland
Authors: Kerr Shona M. , Klaric Lucija , Muckian Marisa D. , Cowan Emma , Snadden Lesley , Tzoneva Gannie , Shuldiner Alan R. , Miedzybrodzka Zosia , Wilson James F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor breast and ovarian cancer risk assessment in the isolated populations of the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland (in Scotland, UK) and their diasporas, quantifying genetically drifted BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants is important. Two actionable variants in these genes have reached much higher frequencies than in cosmopolitan UK populations. Here, we report a BRCA2 splice acceptor variant, c.517-2A>G, found in breast and ovarian cancer families from Shetland. We investigated the frequency and origin of this variant in a population-based research cohort of people of Shetland ancestry, VIKING I. The variant segregates with female breast and ovarian cancer in diagnosed cases and is classified as pathogenic. Exome sequence data from 2108 VIKING I participants with three or more Shetlandic grandparents was used to estimate the population prevalence of c.517-2A>G in Shetlanders. Nine VIKING I research volunteers carry this variant, on a shared haplotype (carrier frequency 0.4%). This frequency is ~130-fold higher than in UK Biobank, where the small group of carriers has a different haplotype. Records of birth, marriage and death indicate genealogical linkage of VIKING I carriers to a founder from the Isle of Whalsay, Shetland, similar to our observations for the BRCA1 founder variant c.5207T>C from Westray, Orkney. In total, 93.5% of pathogenic BRCA variant carriers in Northern Isles exomes are accounted for by these two drifted variants. We thus provide the scientific evidence of an opportunity for screening people of Orcadian and Shetlandic origins for each drifted pathogenic variant, particularly women with Westray or Whalsay ancestry.
Darwinian Evolution of Self-Replicating DNA in a Synthetic Protocell
Authors: Abil Zhanar , Restrepo Sierra Ana María , Stan Andreea R. , Châne Amélie , del Prado Alicia , de Vega Miguel , Rondelez Yannick , Danelon Christophe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReplication, heredity, and evolution are characteristic of Life. We and others have postulated that the reconstruction of a synthetic living system in the laboratory will be contingent on the development of a genetic self-replicator capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution. Although DNA-based life dominates, the in vitro reconstitution of an evolving DNA self-replicator has remained challenging. We hereby emulate in liposome compartments the principles according to which life propagates information and evolves. Using two different experimental configurations supporting intermittent or semi-continuous evolution (i.e., with or without DNA extraction, PCR, and re-encapsulation), we demonstrate sustainable replication of a linear DNA template – encoding the DNA polymerase and terminal protein from the Phi29 bacteriophage – expressed in the ‘protein synthesis using recombinant elements’ (PURE) system. The self-replicator can survive across multiple rounds of replication-coupled transcription-translation reactions in liposomes and, within only ten evolution rounds, accumulates mutations conferring a selection advantage. Combined data from next-generation sequencing with reverse engineering of some of the enriched mutations reveal nontrivial and context-dependent effects of the introduced mutations. The present results are foundational to build up genetic complexity in an evolving synthetic cell, as well as to study evolutionary processes in a minimal cell-free system.
The brain hierarchically represents the past and future during multistep anticipation
Authors: Tarder-Stoll Hannah , Baldassano Christopher , Aly Mariam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMemory for temporal structure enables both planning of future events and retrospection of past events. We investigated how the brain flexibly represents extended temporal sequences into the past and future during anticipation. Participants learned sequences of environments in immersive virtual reality. Pairs of sequences had the same environments in a different order, enabling context-specific learning. During fMRI, participants anticipated upcoming environments multiple steps into the future in a given sequence. Temporal structure was represented in the hippocampus and across higher-order visual regions (1) bidirectionally, with graded representations into the past and future and (2) hierarchically, with further events into the past and future represented in successively more anterior brain regions. In hippocampus, these bidirectional representations were context-specific, and suppression of far-away environments predicted response time costs in anticipation. Together, this work sheds light on how we flexibly represent sequential structure to enable planning over multiple timescales.
Seabird nutrients increase coral calcification rates and boost reef carbonate production
Authors: Lange Ines D. , Benkwitt Cassandra E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile excessive anthropogenic nutrient loads are harmful to coral reefs, natural nutrient flows can boost coral growth and reef functions. Here we investigate if seabird-derived nutrient subsidies benefit the growth of two dominant corals on lagoonal reefs, submassive Isopora palifera and corymbose Acropora vermiculata, and if enhanced colony-level calcification rates can increase reef-scale carbonate production. I. palifera and A. vermiculata colonies close to an island with high seabird densities displayed 1.4 and 3.2-times higher linear extension rates, 1.8 and 3.9-times faster planar area increase, and 1.6 and 2.7-times higher calcification rates compared to colonies close to a nearby island with low seabird densities, respectively. While benthic ReefBudget surveys in combination with average coral growth rates did not indicate differences in reef-scale carbonate production across sites, coral carbonate production was 2.2-times higher at the seabird-rich island when using site-specific linear growth rates and skeletal densities. This study shows that seabird-derived nutrients benefit fast-growing branching as well as previously unstudied submassive coral taxa. It also demonstrates that nutrient subsidies benefit colony-scale and reef-scale calcification rates, which underpin important geo-ecological reef functions. Restoring natural nutrient pathways should thus be a priority for island and reef management.
Artificial intelligence for detection of retinal toxicity in chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine therapy using multifocal electroretinogram waveforms
Authors: Kulyabin Mikhail , Kremers Jan , Holbach Vera , Maier Andreas , Huchzermeyer Cord 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, while effective in rheumatology, pose risks of retinal toxicity, necessitating regular screening to prevent visual disability. The gold standard for screening includes retinal imaging and automated perimetry, with multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) being a recognized but less accessible method. This study explores the efficacy of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for detecting retinal damage in patients undergoing (hydroxy-)chloroquine therapy. We analyze the mfERG data, comparing the performance of AI models that utilize raw mfERG time-series signals against models using conventional waveform parameters. Our classification models aimed to identify maculopathy, and regression models were developed to predict perimetric sensitivity. The findings reveal that while regression models were more adept at predicting non-disease-related variation, AI-based models, particularly those utilizing full mfERG traces, demonstrated superior predictive power for disease-related changes compared to linear models. This indicates a significant potential to improve diagnostic capabilities, although the unbalanced nature of the dataset may limit some applications.
Photoredox-catalysed amidyl radical insertion to bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes
Authors: Chintawar Chetan C. , Laskar Ranjini , Rana Debanjan , Schäfer Felix , Van Wyngaerden Nele , Dutta Subhabrata , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Glorius Frank 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReplacing planar aromatic rings in drug molecules with C(sp3)-rich isosteric mimetics, such as bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes, can significantly alter their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, often leading to higher clinical success rates. However, unlike a benzene ring, the structurally rigid C(sp3)-rich isosteric mimetics of heteroaromatic rings are rare. Heterobicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes are promising in this regard, but the lack of modular synthetic methods has currently hindered their exploration. We envisioned that the strategic and selective insertion of different heteroatomic units to bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes could offer a highly modular platform to access diverse heterobicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes. Herein we report a photoredox-catalysed highly regioselective and chemoselective insertion of amidyl radicals to bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, providing direct access to 2-oxa-4-azabicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-enes. The exit vector analysis shows a geometric resemblance of these C(sp3)-rich heterobicyclic motifs with pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives, suggesting their potential as isosteric mimetics of such medicinally important heterocycles. Additionally, various downstream transformations demonstrate their utility as versatile building blocks in synthetic chemistry.
Attentional shifts bias microsaccade direction but do not cause new microsaccades
Authors: Liu Baiwei , Alexopoulou Zampeta-Sofia , van Ede Freek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBrain circuitry that controls where we look also contributes to attentional selection of visual contents outside current fixation, or content within the spatial layout of working memory. A behavioural manifestation of this contribution comes from modulations in microsaccade direction that accompany spatial attention shifts. Here, we address whether such modulations come about because attention shifts trigger new microsaccades or whether, instead, spatial attention only biases the direction of ongoing microsaccades that would have been made whether or not attention was also shifted. We utilised an internal-selective-attention task that has recently been shown to yield robust spatial microsaccade modulations and compared microsaccade rates following colour retrocues that were carefully matched for sensory input, but differed in whether they invited an attention shift or not. If attention shifts trigger new microsaccades then we would expect more microsaccades following attention-directing cues than following neutral cues. In contrast, we found no evidence for an increase in overall microsaccade rate, despite robust modulations in microsaccade direction. This implies that shifting spatial attention biases the direction of ongoing microsaccades without changing the probability of microsaccade occurrence. These findings help to explain why microsaccades and visual-spatial shifts of attention are often correlated but not obligatorily linked.
Channelization of cathode/electrolyte interphase to enhance the rate-capability of LiCoO2
Authors: Li Liewu , Huang Zhencheng , Yuan Qi , Wang Hongbin , Yang Xuming , Chen Chufang , Gong Xiaoyu , Jiang Qianqian , Chen Jing , Ouyang Xiaoping , Wang Jionghui , He Liqing , Ren Xiangzhong , Hu Jiangtao , Zhang Qianling , Liu Jianhong 
Published: October 2024

The LiCoO2@ZrP2O7 cathode was fabricated employing an in situ surface coating technique, which significantly enhanced both the rate capability and structural stability of the LiCoO2 cathode.
Incidence of Self-Reported Bothersome Tinnitus Versus Tinnitus Diagnosis Among U.S. Army Soldiers
Authors: Sherlock LaGuinn P. , Gibson Kelly J. , Talian Daniel S. , Lake Deborah C. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
U.S. Army Soldiers undergo annual audiometric surveillance to facilitate prevention of auditory injury. Soldiers are screened for bothersome tinnitus and subsequently referred for a clinical audiological evaluation as warranted. Presumably, most Soldiers seen in the clinic for bothersome tinnitus receive a tinnitus diagnosis. The incidence of self-reported bothersome tinnitus at the time of annual audiometric surveillance and subsequent diagnosis of tinnitus in the medical record has not been examined to date. This study estimated the incidence of tinnitus diagnosis in a population of Soldiers who reported new onset bothersome tinnitus and explored trends associated with tinnitus diagnosis to refine hearing health education.

Method:
A subset of hearing conservation records retrieved for a previous study were selected based on change in self-reporting of bothersome tinnitus. Corresponding medical records were retrieved for this sample of Active Duty (AD) Soldiers. The data were retrospectively examined, and analyses were conducted to identify statistically significant differences between Soldiers with and Soldiers without a tinnitus diagnosis. In addition, trend patterns of bothersome tinnitus and significant threshold shift (STS) were examined.

Results:
Of the sample of 730,350 AD Soldiers, 16.7% self-reported new onset bothersome tinnitus and 7.1% of those recorded as having bothersome tinnitus had a diagnosis of tinnitus in their medical record. Soldiers with a tinnitus diagnosis were older and had higher pure-tone averages than Soldiers without a tinnitus diagnosis. Counterintuitively, overall trend percentages of bothersome tinnitus increased per calendar year, while the percentages of STS decreased throughout the study period.

Conclusions:
The rate of tinnitus diagnosis in the medical record is vastly lower than the prevalence of bothersome tinnitus recorded in the annual surveillance system. Steps should be taken to screen, refer, and diagnose tinnitus more consistently. Based on the outcome of the study analysis, we recommend that screening for bothersome tinnitus more closely follows procedure recommendations from the Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense (VA/DOD) Tinnitus Working Group, which may reduce the rate at which Soldiers report bothersome tinnitus.
Understanding Tinnitus Clinical Care in the Veterans Health Administration and Department of Defense: Overview of Survey Results
Authors: Boudin-George Amy , Cesario Erin , Edmonds Catherine , Thielman Emily J. , Henry James A. , Clark Khaya 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
In 2021, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Department of Defense (DOD) Tinnitus Working Group conducted a survey of DOD and VHA clinicians to evaluate clinical services provided for tinnitus.

Method:
The online survey included a mix of multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Respondents included VHA and DOD health care providers in audiology, otolaryngology, mental health, and primary care, as well as DOD hearing conservation technicians. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the data.

Results:
A total of 669 providers responded to this combined survey. Results indicated that compared to DOD and VHA providers in other fields, audiologists tended to be more confident and more aware of their role in tinnitus management. In terms of confidence and scope of practice, DOD mental health care providers were the group least familiar with tinnitus care. Other results explored herein include barriers to tinnitus care, facilitators for progressive tinnitus management programs, interventions and patient materials offered, new patient materials wanted, and respondents' preferred information sources and training methods.

Conclusion:
Survey results indicated that more directed education and support are needed to increase DOD and VHA clinicians' awareness of the need for tinnitus services and their roles in providing that care.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27229215
Models and applications of stochastic programming with decision‐dependent uncertainty in power systems: A review
Authors: Yin Wenqian , Hou Yunhe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStochastic programming is a competitive tool in power system uncertainty management. Traditionally, stochastic programming assumes uncertainties to be exogenous and independent of decisions. However, there are situations where statistical features of uncertain parameters are not constant but dependent on decisions, classifying such uncertainties as decision‐dependent uncertainty (DDU). This is particularly the case with future power systems highly penetrated by multi‐source uncertainties, where planning or operation decisions might exert unneglectable impacts on uncertainty features. This paper reviews the stochastic programming with DDU, especially those applied in the field of power systems. Mathematical properties of diversified types of DDU in stochastic programming are introduced, and a comprehensive review on sources and applications of DDU in power systems is presented. Then, focusing on a specific type of DDU, that is, decision‐dependent probability distributions, a taxonomy of available modelling techniques and solution approaches for stochastic programming with this type of DDU and different structural features are presented and discussed. Eventually, the outlook of two‐stage stochastic programming with DDU for future power system uncertainty management is explored, including both exploring the applications and developing efficient modelling and solution tools.
The chemical evolution of the Milky Way thin disk using solar twins
Authors: Plotnikova A. , Spina L. , Ratcliffe B. , Casali G. , Carraro G. 
Published: October 2024

Aims. In this study we address whether the age-metallicity relation (AMR) deviates from the expected trend of metallicity increasing smoothly with age. We also show the presence (or absence) of two populations, as recently claimed using a relatively small dataset. Moreover, we studied the Milky Way thin disk’s chemical evolution using solar twins, including the effect of radial migration and accretion events.
Methods. In particular, we exploited high-resolution spectroscopy of a large sample of solar twins in tandem with an accurate age determination to investigate the Milky Way thin disk age-metallicity relationship. Additionally, we derived the stars’ birth radius and studied the chemical evolution of the thin disk.
Results. We discovered that statistical and selection biases can lead to a misinterpretation of the observational data. An accurate accounting of all the uncertainties led us to detect no separation in the AMR into different populations for solar twins around the Sun (−0.3 < [Fe/H] < 0.3 dex). This lead us to the conclusion that the thin disk was formed relatively smoothly. For the main scenario of the Milky Way thin disk formation, we suggest that the main mechanism for reaching today’s chemical composition around the Sun is radial migration with the possible contribution of well-known accretion events such as Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage (GES) and Sagittarius (Sgr).
Patientenschulung Osteoporose – zentraler Bestandteil des
DMP
Authors: Niedhart Christopher , Maus Uwe 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungPatientenschulungen spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Prävention und
Behandlung von chronischen Erkrankungen. Die Schulung von PatientInnen mit
Osteoporose im Rahmen des DMP Osteoporose ist ein wichtiger Baustein zur
Prophylaxe und Therapie der Osteoporose bzw. osteoporotischer Frakturen im Sinne
der Verbesserung der persönlichen Gesundheitskompetenz. Sie dienen insbesondere
der Befähigung der Patienten zur besseren Bewältigung des Krankheitsverlaufs und
zur selbstverantwortlichen Umsetzung wesentlicher Therapiemaßnahmen. Die
Patientenschulung Osteoporose besteht aus fünf Modulen zu den Themen Grundlage
der Osteoporose und des Knochenstoffwechsels, Diagnostik, Therapieentscheidung,
Knochen-gesunde Ernährung und Bewegung und körperliche Aktivität. Als Trainer im
Rahmen der Patientenschulung Osteoporose können Ärzte und medizinische
Fachangestellte tätig werden, die im Rahmen eines Trainerseminars der OSTAK
ausreichend geschult wurden und die Prüfung erfolgreich abgeschlossen haben. Mit
dem Schulungsprogramm Osteoporose steht eine vom Bundesamt für soziale Sicherung
(BAS) akkreditierte Patientenschulung für das DMP Osteoporose zur Verfügung.
Über den Dachverband Osteologie und die OSTAK sind bisher über 300 Schulende
erfolgreich ausgebildet worden. Ohne die Entwicklung dieser Schulung wäre die
Umsetzung des DMP Osteoporose nicht möglich gewesen.