bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA barcoding of East Asian Amentotaxus (Taxaceae): Potential new species and implications for conservation
Authors: Gao Lian‐Ming , Li Yan , Phan Loc Ke , Yan Li‐Jun , Thomas Philip , Phan Long Ke , Möller Michael , Li De‐Zhu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDNA barcoding is a useful tool for species identification using standardized genomic DNA fragments. The genus Amentotaxus, consisting of five or six species, is confined to South China, Northeast India, Laos, and Vietnam. All species have been assessed as globally or nationally threatened. However, there is uncertainty about the number of species involved, especially in the border areas of southern China, northern Vietnam, and Laos. We selected five DNA barcodes (rbcL, matK, trnH‐psbA, trnL‐F, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)) to evaluate their discrimination ability in this genus, and to investigate the current taxonomy of Amentotaxus. Our results indicate that all the selected barcoding regions showed a high level of universality for PCR and sequencing. When six species are recognized, the nuclear ribosomal DNA region ITS and the chloroplast DNA region trnL‐F used on their own provided the highest identification success (60%). Two barcode combinations that included either ITS or trnL‐F had the same species discrimination ability. Combinations using additional barcodes did not improve the species identification success. When only five species are recognized, with A. hatuyenensis T. H. Nguyen treated as a synonym of A. yunnanensis H. L. Li, the discrimination rate rises to 100%. Our results also indicate that recent collections from Yunnan province, China, Lao Cai province, Vietnam, and Laos may represent a potential new species. The findings from this study will be very useful for the formulation of appropriate conservation strategies for threatened Amentotaxus species in national and trans‐boundary regions.
Prospective Randomized Comparison of Monopolar TURP, Bipolar TURP and Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate in Patients with Benign Prostatic Obstruction: 36 Months Outcome
Authors: KUMAR Niraj , VASUDEVA Pawan , KUMAR Anup , SINGH Harbinder 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo assess durability of efficacy of monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), bipolar TURP, and photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) using 120W Green light laser at 36 months follow up.MethodThe 186 patients who presented with benign prostatic obstruction and planned for surgery were randomized into three groups: Group A ‐ monopolar TURP; group B ‐ bipolar TURP; and group C ‐ PVP. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function‐5 (IIEF‐5) score, quality of life (QoL) score, maximum flow rate (Qmax), prostate volume and postvoid residual urine (PVRU) were analyzed up to 36 months follow up.ResultsThe improvement observed in the mean IPSS, QoL score, Qmax, prostate volume and PVRU at 12‐month was sustained till 36 months follow up. However, the mean IIEF‐5 score did not show improvement in any group. Few complications noted in second and third year of follow up compared to first year follow up. The results of subgroups analysis did not reveal any significant finding, different from group analysis, for efficacy parameters.ConclusionMonopolar TURP, Bipolar TURP and PVP provides durable and comparable efficacy at 36 months follow up in patients with prostate size <80 mL.
Igneous cooling history of olivine‐phyric shergottite Yamato 980459 constrained by dynamic crystallization experiments
Authors: First Emily , Hammer Julia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDynamic crystallization experiments were performed on a liquid having the bulk composition of olivine‐phyric shergottite Yamato 980459, to constrain the igneous thermal history of this meteorite. Key characteristics of the meteorite's mineralogy and texture, including several morphologically distinct olivine and pyroxene crystal populations and a glassy mesostasis devoid of plagioclase, were replicated upon cooling from 1435 to 909 °C at 1 atmosphere under reducing conditions. Three sequential cooling ramps are required to produce synthetic samples with textures and compositions matching Yamato 980459. Olivine phenocrysts formed at <1 °C h−1, presumably at depth in the Martian crust. Pyroxene phenocrysts formed mainly at ~10 °C h−1, consistent with crystallization within a lava flow at depths of 25–45 cm. Increased cooling rate (~100 °C h−1) in a third stage suppressed the formation of plagioclase and produced groundmass crystals, consistent with crystallization at lava flow depths of 5–7 cm. Although Y 980459 is unique among Martian meteorites (i.e., preserving a primary glassy mesostasis), its emplacement did not require unique physical conditions. Rather, the second and third cooling stages may reflect cooling within the core of a pāhoehoe‐like flow and subsequent breakout on the surface of Mars.
Serum sclerostin values are associated with abdominal aortic calcification and predict cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5D
Authors: Wang Xue‐Rong , Yuan Liang , Zhang Jing‐Jing , Hao Li , Wang De‐Guang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association of circulating concentrations of sclerostin with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3–5.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐one patients with CKD3–5D were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of AAC: an AAC group (n = 99) and a non‐AAC group (n = 62). The concentration of serum sclerostin was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AAC was evaluated using abdominal lateral X‐ray examination. The follow‐up intervals ranged from 7 to 29 months (median 16 months), and cardiovascular events (CVEs) were recorded.ResultsThe prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) was 61.5% (99/161). Serum sclerostin was significantly higher in an AAC group than in a non‐AAC group (P < 0.001), but the concentration in the moderate‐to‐severe AAC group was lower than in the mild AAC group (P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that high serum sclerostin, high serum calcium, diabetes, and old age were independently correlated with AAC. Patients with higher sclerostin values had a reduced risk of major cardiovascular events (log‐rank test, P = 0.001).ConclusionSerum sclerostin values are associated with the presence of AAC, but are lower when AAC is moderate to severe. Higher values are predictive of reduced short‐term cardiovascular events. Taken together, these results suggest that sclerostin may have a role in the development of or the response to vascular calcification.
Diagnosis and prevalence of protein‐energy wasting and its association with mortality in Japanese haemodialysis patients
Authors: Kanazawa Yoshie , Nakao Toshiyuki , Murai Seizo , Okada Tomonari , Matsumoto Hiroshi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) has proposed the diagnostic criteria for protein‐energy wasting (PEW). We studied Japanese haemodialysis (HD) patients to verify the diagnostic method, especially with respect to the body mass index (BMI) criterion, as well as the prevalence of PEW and its association with mortality.MethodsJapanese patients receiving maintenance HD at three outpatient clinics in Tokyo (n = 210) were enrolled, and prospectively followed‐up for 3 years. PEW was diagnosed at baseline, according to the four categories (serum chemistry, body mass, muscle mass and dietary intake) recommended by the ISRNM. For the category of body mass, we select a body mass index (BMI) and set up three thresholds, <18.5, <20.0 and <23.0 kg/m2, as the diagnostic criterion. The patients who satisfied at least three out of the four categories were diagnosed as PEW.ResultsProtein‐energy wasting, when the threshold of a BMI among the diagnostic criteria was defined as <18.5 kg/m2, was recognized as an independent risk factor for mortality. However, PEW was not recognized as a risk factor when the BMI diagnostic criterion was set at <20.0 or <23.0 kg/m2. Overall, 14.8% of the patients had PEW. The survival rate of PEW patients was significantly lower than that of non‐PEW patients (log rank, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe diagnosis algorithm of PEW proposed by an expert panel of the ISRNM strongly associates with mortality. However, given differences in body size in Japan, we suggest to revise the BMI criterion from <23.0 kg/m2 to <18.5 kg/m2.
Very hot, very shallow hydrothermal dolomitization: An example from the Maritime Alps (north‐west Italy–south‐east France)
Authors: Barale Luca , Bertok Carlo , Salih Talabani Namam , d'Atri Anna , Martire Luca , Piana Fabrizio , Préat Alain 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the Maritime Alps (north‐west Italy – south‐east France), the Middle Triassic–lowermost Cretaceous platform carbonates of the Provençal Domain locally show an intense dolomitization. Dolomitized bodies, irregularly shaped and variable in size from some metres to hundreds of metres, are associated with tabular bodies of dolomite‐cemented breccias, cutting the bedding at a high angle, and networks of dolomite veins. Field and petrographic observations indicate that dolomitization was a polyphase process, in which episodes of hydrofracturing and host‐rock dissolution, related to episodic expulsion of overpressured fluids through faults and fracture systems, were associated with phases of host‐rock dolomitization and void cementation. Fluid inclusion analysis indicates that dolomitizing fluids were relatively hot (170 to 260°C). The case study represents an outstanding example of a fossil hydrothermal system, which significantly contributes to the knowledge of such dolomitization systems in continental margin settings. The unusually favourable stratigraphic framework allows precise constraint of the timing of dolomitization (earliest Cretaceous) and, consequently, direct evaluation of the burial setting of dolomitization which, for the upper part of the dolomitized succession, was very shallow or even close to the surface. The described large‐scale hydrothermal system was probably related to deep‐rooted faults, and provides indirect evidence of a significant earliest Cretaceous fault activity in this part of the Alpine Tethys European palaeomargin.
Influence of exercise in normal and hot ambient conditions on the pharmacokinetics of inhaled terbutaline in trained men
Authors: Kreiberg M. , Becker V. , Jessen S. , Rzeppa S. , Hemmersbach P. , Backer V. , Hostrup M. 
Published: May 2016

This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of inhaled terbutaline at rest and after exercise in normal and hot ambient conditions with respect to doping analysis. Thirteen trained young men participated in the study. Urine and blood samples were collected after inhalation of 4 mg terbutaline during three trials: exercise in hot ambient conditions (30–35 °C) (EXH), exercise in normal ambient conditions (20–25 °C) (EX), and rest (20–25 °C) (R). Exercise consisted of 130 min at various intensities. Adjustment of urine concentrations of terbutaline to a specific gravity (USG) of 1.02 g/mL was compared with no adjustment. Area under the serum concentration–time curve within the first 6 h was higher for EX (27 ± 3 ng/mL/h) (P ≤ 0.01) and EXH (25 ± 4 ng/mL/h) (P ≤ 0.05) than for R (20 ± 3 ng/mL/h). When unadjusted for USG, urine concentrations of terbutaline after 4 h were different in the order EXH > EX > R (P ≤ 0.01). When unadjusted for USG, urine concentrations of terbutaline were 299 ± 151 ng/mL higher (P ≤ 0.001) after 4 h compared with adjusted concentrations in EXH. Excretion rate of terbutaline was higher (P ≤ 0.001) for EX than for EXH and R within the first 0–1½ h. In conclusion, EXHs results in higher urine concentrations of terbutaline. This should be considered when evaluating doping cases of terbutaline.
Return to sport matters—longer‐term quality of life after ACL reconstruction in people with knee difficulties
Authors: Filbay S. R. , Ackerman I. N. , Russell T. G. , Crossley K. M. 
Published: May 2016

Many individuals experience long‐term quality of life (QOL) impairment following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Factors contributing to poor QOL and psychological health >5 years after ACLR remain unclear. This study aimed to describe QOL and psychological health outcomes in people with knee difficulties (pain, symptoms, or functional limitations) 5–20 years following ACLR and identify factors explaining variability in these outcomes. Participants with knee difficulties 5–20 years following ACLR completed a battery of validated patient‐reported outcomes [including the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), ACL‐QOL, and the Assessment of QOL (AQoL‐8D) instrument]. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify factors explaining variability in outcomes. One hundred sixty‐two participants aged 38 ± 9 (mean ± SD) years completed questionnaires 9 ± 4 (range 5–20) years following ACLR. Thirty‐nine percent of participants returned to competitive sport, 28% returned to a lower level, and 32% did not return to sport after ACLR. Not returning to sport after ACLR was associated with worse KOOS‐QOL (β = 0.29, P = 0.001 [mean ± SD (55 ± 20)], ACL‐QOL [β = 0.48, P < 0.001; (57 ± 21)], and AQoL‐8D [β = 0.22, P = 0.02 (0.80 ± 0.14)]) scores. Increased body mass index (56% were overweight/obese) was related to worse QOL and more depressive symptoms. Subsequent knee surgery and contralateral ACLR were also associated with poorer QOL outcomes in these individuals.
Will pathogen reduction of blood components harm more people than it helps in developed countries?
Authors: Hess John R. , Pagano Monica B. , Barbeau James D. , Johannson Pär I. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDBlood‐borne infectious diseases are a major impediment to the provision of safe blood. Pathogen reduction (PR) technologies have been approved for the treatment of plasma and platelet (PLT) concentrates to reduce infectious complications and graft‐versus‐host disease but product potency is adversely affectedSTUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe reviewed published data describing PR technology for estimates of treated blood component physical and functional loss. These physical and functional losses were summed and projected onto measured effects of plasma and PLT dose in trauma resuscitation. The net benefits estimated as reduced infectious disease deaths were compared to net losses estimated as increased deaths from uncontrolled hemorrhage.RESULTSTransfusion‐transmitted infectious diseases caused five or fewer acute deaths each year from 2009 through 2014 in the United States according to the Food and Drug Administration. In‐hospital deaths from uncontrolled hemorrhage after trauma number more than 10,000 yearly and are reduced by 4% to 15% with concentrated blood product resuscitation. The loss of 20% of plasma potency and 30% of PLT potency to PR is likely to be associated with 400 extra trauma deaths each year. Trauma represents a small fraction, perhaps 15%, of all massively transfused individuals.CONCLUSIONSResuscitation of massive hemorrhage may be limited by blood component potency as shown in our literature review and analysis. The safety‐versus‐potency trade involved with current blood plasma and PLT PR technology is likely to result in a net loss of life. Hemorrhagic risk from reduced blood product potency for patients with trauma and other indications for massive transfusion is an important consideration in risk‐based decision making for implementing PR.
A comparison of the cardiopulmonary effects of pressure controlled ventilation and volume controlled ventilation in healthy anesthetized dogs
Authors: Fantoni Denise T. , Ida Keila K. , Lopes Thomas F. T. , Otsuki Denise A. , Auler José Otávio C. , Ambrósio Aline M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) with volume‐controlled ventilation (VCV) on lung compliance, gas exchange, and hemodynamics in isoflurane‐anesthetized dogs.DesignProspective randomized study.SettingVeterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsForty client‐owned bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.InterventionsDogs were randomly assigned to be ventilated with 100% oxygen using PCV (n = 20) or VCV (n = 20). The respiratory rate was 20/min and positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 5 cm H2O, with a tidal volume of 10 mL/kg. Cardiac output (CO) was measured using thermodilution. Cardiopulmonary and blood gas data were obtained during spontaneous ventilation and after 30 (T30) and 60 minutes (T60) of controlled ventilation.Measurements and Main ResultsIn dogs ventilated with PCV, at T30 and T60, PIP was lower (11.4 ± 1.9 and 11.1 ± 1.5 cm H2O, respectively) and static compliance (CST) was higher (51 ± 7 and 56 ± 6 mL/cm H2O, respectively) than in VCV group (PIP of 14.3 ± 1.3 and 15.5 ± 1.4 cm H2O; CST of 34 ± 8 and 33 ± 9 mL/cm H2O, P < 0.0001). Compared with spontaneous ventilation, both groups had decreased alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference at T30 and T60 (PCV: 128 ± 32 mm Hg vs 108 ± 20 and 104 ± 16 mm Hg, respectively; VCV: 131 ± 38 mm Hg vs 109 ± 19 and 107 ± 14 mm Hg, respectively; P < 0.01), while CO was maintained at all time points.ConclusionsCompared to spontaneous ventilation, both ventilatory modes effectively improved gas exchange without hemodynamic impairment. PCV resulted in higher lung CST and lower PIP compared to VCV.
Spatial and rotational quality assurance of 6DOF patient tracking systems
Authors: Belcher Andrew H. , Liu Xinmin , Grelewicz Zachary , Wiersma Rodney D. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:External tracking systems used for patient positioning and motion monitoring during radiotherapy are now capable of detecting both translations and rotations. In this work, the authors develop a novel technique to evaluate the 6 degree of freedom 6(DOF) (translations and rotations) performance of external motion tracking systems. The authors apply this methodology to an infrared marker tracking system and two 3D optical surface mapping systems in a common tumor 6DOF workspace.Methods:An in‐house designed and built 6DOF parallel kinematics robotic motion phantom was used to perform motions with sub‐millimeter and subdegree accuracy in a 6DOF workspace. An infrared marker tracking system was first used to validate a calibration algorithm which associates the motion phantom coordinate frame to the camera frame. The 6DOF positions of the mobile robotic system in this space were then tracked and recorded independently by an optical surface tracking system after a cranial phantom was rigidly fixed to the moveable platform of the robotic stage. The calibration methodology was first employed, followed by a comprehensive 6DOF trajectory evaluation, which spanned a full range of positions and orientations in a 20 × 20 × 16 mm and 5° × 5° × 5° workspace. The intended input motions were compared to the calibrated 6DOF measured points.Results:The technique found the accuracy of the infrared (IR) marker tracking system to have maximal root‐mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.18, 0.25, 0.07 mm, 0.05°, 0.05°, and 0.09° in left–right (LR), superior–inferior (SI), anterior–posterior (AP), pitch, roll, and yaw, respectively, comparing the intended 6DOF position and the measured position by the IR camera. Similarly, the 6DOF RSME discrepancy for the HD optical surface tracker yielded maximal values of 0.46, 0.60, 0.54 mm, 0.06°, 0.11°, and 0.08° in LR, SI, AP, pitch, roll, and yaw, respectively, over the same 6DOF evaluative workspace. An earlier generation 3D optical surface tracking unit was observed to have worse tracking capabilities than both the IR camera unit and the newer 3D surface tracking system with maximal RMSE of 0.69, 0.74, 0.47 mm, 0.28°, 0.19°, and 0.18°, in LR, SI, AP, pitch, roll, and yaw, respectively, in the same 6DOF evaluation space.Conclusions:The proposed technique was found to be effective at evaluating the performance of 6DOF patient tracking systems. All observed optical tracking systems were found to exhibit tracking capabilities at the sub‐millimeter and subdegree level within a 6DOF workspace.
Social and Psychological Factors Associated With Adolescent Physical Activity
Authors: Garcia Jeanette M. , Sirard John R. , Larsen Ross , Bruening Meg , Wall Melanie , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne 
Published: May 2016

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine, using structural equation modeling, the associations between nominated friend physical activity (PA), friend social support with individual PA-related psychological factors, and adolescent PA.Methods:Data were obtained from EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity Among Teens), a large cross-sectional study conducted in 20 middle and high schools. The sample consisted of 1951 adolescents (mean age: 14.25 ± 1.96, 54% female, 68% ethnic minorities). PA, parent and friend social support (perceived social support for PA from parents and friends), and psychological measures (PA enjoyment, PA self-efficacy, and PA barriers) were assessed by self-report questionnaires. The SEM analysis consisted of 1 observed variable: friend PA, and 2 latent constructs: psychological factors, perceived social support.Results:The model was a good fit, indicating that there were significant direct effects of both friend PA (P < .01) and psychological factors (P < .0001) on adolescent PA. In addition, psychological factors mediated the association between friend PA and adolescent PA.Conclusion:The results of this model suggest that psychological factors and friend PA are associated with adolescent PA, and that psychological factors may play an important role. Future studies should further examine the association of both friend PA and psychological variables with adolescent PA.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Clustering: Segmentation to Optimize Active Lifestyles
Authors: Zwolinsky Stephen , McKenna James , Pringle Andy , Widdop Paul , Griffiths Claire , Mellis Michelle , Rutherford Zoe , Collins Peter 
Published: May 2016

Background:Increasingly the health impacts of physical inactivity are being distinguished from those of sedentary behavior. Nevertheless, deleterious health prognoses occur when these behaviors combine, making it a Public Health priority to establish the numbers and salient identifying factors of people who live with this injurious combination.Methods:Using an observational between-subjects design, a nonprobability sample of 22,836 participants provided data on total daily activity. A 2-step hierarchical cluster analysis identified the optimal number of clusters and the subset of distinguishing variables. Univariate analyses assessed significant cluster differences.Results:High levels of sitting clustered with low physical activity. The Ambulatory & Active cluster (n = 6254) sat for 2.5 to 5 h·d−1 and were highly active. They were significantly younger, included a greater proportion of males and reported low Indices of Multiple Deprivation compared with other clusters. Conversely, the Sedentary & Low Active cluster (n = 6286) achieved ≤60 MET·min·wk−1 of physical activity and sat for ≥8 h·d−1. They were the oldest cluster, housed the largest proportion of females and reported moderate Indices of Multiple Deprivation.Conclusions:Public Health systems may benefit from developing policy and interventions that do more to limit sedentary behavior and encourage light intensity activity in its place.