bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Stoichiometry in the KMo2P3O12‐Tunnel Structure: The Oxide K0.75MoNbP3O12.
Authors: LECLAIRE A. , BOREL M. M. , GRANDIN A. , RAVEAU B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe substituted title oxide is synthesized in two steps by heating a stoichiometric mixture H(NH4)2PO4, MoO3, Nb2O5, and K2CO3 in air followed by addition of an appropriate amount of Mo and repeated heating in an evacuated silica ampoule at 1373 K for 5 d. The compound is isostructural with KMo2P3O12‐type oxides (Pbcm, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Acidity Constants of Benzimidazolium Ketone and Pyridinium Aldehyde Hydrates.
Authors: OWEN T. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWithin an examination of the mechanism of deacylation of ketone (I) which is hydrated some 35% (NMR) in H2O, the acidity constants of the resulting hydrate (II) have to be ascertained.
ChemInform Abstract: New Efficient Electrochemical Allylation of Aldehydes and Ketones with a Cadmium‐Modified Electrode.
Authors: TOKUDA M. , UCHIDA M. , KATOH Y. , SUGINOME H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectrochemical methods for alkylation of carbonyl compounds using a Pt‐cathode and a Cd‐anode or a Cd‐modified Pt‐anode are compared.
ChemInform Abstract: Relative Nucleophilicities of Aryldisulfide and Thiolate Ions in Dimethylacetamide Estimated from Their Reaction Rates with Alkyl Halides.
Authors: BENAICHOUCHE M. , BOSSER G. , PARIS J. , PLICHON V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aryldisulfide ions are generated by electroreduction of (I) in the presence of sulfur.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Synthesis of 2‐Methyl‐4H‐furo(3,2‐c)(1)benzopyran‐4‐ones and 2H,5H‐Pyrano(3,2‐c)(1)benzopyran‐5‐ones.
Authors: KUMAR R. J. , KRUPADANAM G. L. D. , SRIMANNARAYANA G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractO‐Alkylation of the hydroxybenzopyranones (I) with allyl bromide (II) yields the derivatives (III) which are subjected to Claisen rearrangement to form the C‐allyl derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Syntheses via Transition Metal Complexes. Part 46. Alkenylcarbene Chromium and Tungsten Complexes; Proton Addition and Activation by Electron‐Withdrawing Substituents.
Authors: AUMANN R. , HINTERDING P. , KRUEGER C. + , BETZ P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractProtonation of carbene complexes (I) and (III) occurs at C‐2 of the =C‐C=C ligand and leads to the novel cationic carbene complexes (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Complex‐Chemical Synthesis of Cyclic 1,2‐Dithiolato Ligands with the nido Cluster ((CO)3FeS)2. ‐ Molecular Structure and Partial S‐Oxidation of Hexacarbonyl(μ2‐cis‐1,2‐cyclohexanedithiolato‐S,S)diiron.
Authors: KRAMER A. , LINGNAU R. , LORENZ I.‐P. , MAYER H. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCyclic alkenes, dienes and trienes are inserted into the S‐S bond of the title cluster (I) by photochemically induced (2 + 2)cycloaddition reactions to give the complexes (III) (space group P21/c, Z=4) and (IV).
Warmer temperature modifies effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on hormone profiles in leopard frog tadpoles (Lithobates pipiens)
Authors: Freitas Mariella B. , Brown Cherry T. , Karasov William H. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Amphibian populations have been declining, and climate change and exposure to environmental contaminants are thought to be involved. Higher water temperature accelerates larval development; however, its combined effects with contaminants and their influence on hormones during metamorphosis are poorly understood. The authors investigated changes in whole-body triiodothyronine (T3) and corticosterone concentrations in developing leopard frogs reared at 23 °C and 28 °C on diets with 0 ng g−1, 6 ng g−1, and 37 ng g−1 of a technical mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE; DE-71) from 10 d to 44 d (premetamorphosis to late climax; Gosner Stages 28 to 46). Unlike controls, PBDE-exposed tadpoles (6 ng g−1) reared at 23 °C failed to show any increase in T3 concentrations throughout metamorphosis, and exposed tadpoles reared at 28 °C showed a lower peak at climax compared to controls. Corticosterone levels progressively increased throughout metamorphosis, but the levels were higher in PBDE-exposed tadpoles compared to controls at both temperatures. At the warmer temperature, corticosterone increase occurred earlier (at early climax) in controls and exposed tadpoles compared to tadpoles reared at the cooler temperature (late climax), coinciding with the faster development observed at 28 °C. Tadpoles reared at 28 °C were longer and developed faster than tadpoles reared at 23 °C. At both temperatures, PBDE exposure decreased T3 and increased corticosterone concentrations, which can potentially impair developing tadpoles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:120–127. © 2016 SETAC
Effect of age on acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in individual-metal exposures to Daphnia magna neonates
Authors: Traudt Elizabeth M. , Ranville James F. , Meyer Joseph S. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

In previous studies, variability was high among replicate acute cadmium (Cd) Daphnia magna lethality tests (e.g., &gt;10-fold range of median effect concentrations [EC50s]), less among zinc (Zn) tests, and relatively low for copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) tests. Although the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) protocol includes starting toxicity tests with neonates less than 24 h old, the authors hypothesized that age-related differences in sensitivity to metals might occur even within that relatively narrow age range. Daphnia magna neonates were collected during 3 age windows (0–4 h, 10–14 h, and 20–24 h old) and immediately exposed to each of the 4 metals for 48 h using the standard USEPA protocol. In repeated sets of tests during different weeks, the Cd EC50 of the youngest neonates was approximately 10-fold greater than the EC50 of the oldest neonates (i.e., Cd was less toxic to the youngest neonates) and the EC50 of neonates aged 10 h to 14 h was intermediate. Age-related differences were negligible in Cu, Ni, and Zn tests. Therefore, variability in toxicity of Cd may partly be caused by temporal variability in neonate age at the start of toxicity tests. Decreasing the age range of D. magna used in toxicity tests could help to improve the accuracy and precision of toxicity models, particularly for metal mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:113–119. © 2016 SETAC
Time-varying effects of aromatic oil constituents on the survival of aquatic species: Deviations between model estimates and observations
Authors: De Hoop Lisette , Viaene Karel P.J. , Schipper Aafke M. , Huijbregts Mark A.J. , De Laender Frederik , Hendriks A. Jan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

There is a need to study the time course of toxic chemical effects on organisms because there might be a time lag between the onset of chemical exposure and the corresponding adverse effects. For aquatic organisms, crude oil and oil constituents originating from either natural seeps or human activities can be relevant case studies. In the present study the authors tested a generic toxicokinetic model to quantify the time-varying effects of various oil constituents on the survival of aquatic organisms. The model is based on key parameters applicable to an array of species and compounds with baseline toxicity reflected by a generic, internal toxicity threshold or critical body burden (CBB). They compared model estimates with experimental data on the effects of 8 aromatic oil constituents on the survival of aquatic species including crustaceans and fish. The average model uncertainty, expressed as the root mean square error, was 0.25 (minimum–maximum, 0.04–0.67) on a scale between 0 and 1. The estimated survival was generally lower than the measured survival right after the onset of oil constituent exposure. In contrast, the model underestimated the maximum mortality for crustaceans and fish observed in the laboratory. Thus, the model based on the CBB concept failed to adequately predict the lethal effects of the oil constituents on crustaceans and fish. Possible explanations for the deviations between model estimates and observations may include incorrect assumptions regarding a constant lethal body burden, the absence of biotransformation products, and the steady state of aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in organisms. Clearly, a more complex model approach than the generic model used in the present study is needed to predict toxicity dynamics of narcotic chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:128–136. © 2016 SETAC
Deriving in vivo biotransformation rate constants and metabolite parent concentration factor/stable metabolite factor from bioaccumulation and bioconcentration experiments: An illustration with worm accumulation data
Authors: Kuo Dave Ta Fu , Chen Ciara Chun 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Growing concern for the biological fate of organic contaminants and their metabolites and the urge to connect in vitro and in vivo toxicokinetics have prompted researchers to characterize the biotransformation behavior of organic contaminants in biota. The whole body biotransformation rate constant (kM) is currently determined by the difference approach, which has significant methodological limitations. A new approach for determining kM from the kinetic observations of the parent contaminant and its intermediate metabolites is proposed. In this method, kM can be determined by fitting kinetic data of the parent contaminant and the metabolites to analytical equations that depict the bioaccumulation kinetics. The application of the proposed method is illustrated using worm bioaccumulation–biotransformation data collected from the literature. Furthermore, a metabolite parent concentration factor (MPCF) is also proposed to characterize the persistence of the metabolite in biota. Because both the proposed kM method and MPCF build on the existing theoretical framework for bioaccumulation, they can be readily incorporated into standard experimental bioaccumulation protocols or risk assessment procedures or frameworks. Possible limitations, implications, and future directions are elaborated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2903–2909. © 2016 SETAC
Genistein suppresses the proliferation of telomerase‐negative cells
Authors: Lin Chuan‐Chuan , Hsieh Meng‐Hsun , Teng Shu‐Chun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn both tumor and yeast cells that lack telomerase, telomeres are maintained via an alternative recombination mechanism. In this study, we tested genistein, a potential TOP2 inhibitor required for telomere–telomere recombination, on the repression of telomere–telomere recombination. Genistein on the repression of type II recombination on a tlc1 yeast strain was examined by the telomeric DNA structures using Southern blot analysis. Telomere patterns of freshly dissected tlc1 spores containing an empty plasmid (pYES2) or a yeast TOP2 (yTOP2) plasmid were analyzed. The results indicated that the reintroduction of TOP2 recovered the type II pattern, implying genistein in the blockage of type II survivors in the tlc1 strain. The effects of genistein on both tlc1 and tlc1 rad 51 strains in liquid and solid mediums were also examined. Finally, treatment of 10 μmol/L of genistein showed inhibitory effect on the growth of telomerase‐negative U2OS alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) cells, but not in telomerase‐positive HCT116 cells. These results provide evidences that the inhibitory effects of genistein on telomerase‐negative cells depend on type II recombination pathway in yeast and the ALT pathway in human tumors.
Occupational Injuries and Deaths in Domestic Waste Collecting Process
Authors: Jeong Byung Yong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the domestic waste collecting processes and the characteristics of occupational injuries in each collecting process. Accident data for 517 injured persons were categorized by the collecting processes in progress during the accident and were analyzed in terms of age of injured person, length of employment, accident type, and source of accident. Results show that “waste collecting” (42.2%) was the most common type of collecting process in injuries, followed by “loading of waste” (36.3%), “truck driving during collection” (9.3%), “going/returning to work” (8.1%), and “unloading at a disposal site” (4.1%). Also, the most probable form of accident was slips on slippery ground in the “waste collecting” process (18.4%), followed by falls on slippery surface at a height in the process of “loading of waste” (8.5%) and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) by improper posture and heavy waste bags in “loading of waste” (7.9%), and vehicle accidents in “going/returning to work” (7.4%). Meanwhile, the most deaths were due to falls by clinging on to the footrest of garbage trucks in “truck driving during collection” (28.6%) and vehicle accidents in “going/returning to work” (28.6%). This study is a descriptive retrospective examination of injury records. The findings of this study can be used as basic information in order to prevent hazardous incidents reoccurring in the domestic waste collection industry.
Connecting and Collaborating Within and Beyond a Massive Open Online Course
Authors: Pytash Kristine E. , Hicks Troy , Ferdig Richard E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article, we draw on the experiences of two young adults, Beth and Jamie (pseudonyms), who participated in a connectivist Massive Open Online Course (cMOOC) to explore how adolescents can become active members in a community of learners and the digital literacy practices that support this entry. We argue that Beth and Jamie engaged in digital literacy practices that allowed them to be socially connected, and that they participated and established themselves as equal members in a community of practice. Their experiences has implications for how we engage students in literacy experiences that encourage them to be connected learners in larger communities of practice.
Integrated approach to testing and assessment for predicting rodent genotoxic carcinogenicity
Authors: Petkov Petko I. , Schultz Terry W. , Donner E. Maria , Honma Masamitsu , Morita Takeshi , Hamada Shuichi , Wakata Akihiro , Mishima Masayuki , Maniwa Jiro , Todorov Milen , Kaloyanova Elena , Kotov Stefan , Mekenyan Ovanes G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe investigated the performance of an integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA), designed to cover different genotoxic mechanisms causing cancer and to replicate measured carcinogenicity data included in a new consolidated database. Genotoxic carcinogenicity was predicted based on positive results from at least two genotoxicity tests: one in vitro and one in vivo (which were associated with mutagenicity categories according to the Globally Harmonized System classification). Substances belonging to double positives mutagenicity categories were assigned to be genotoxic carcinogens. In turn, substances that were positive only in a single mutagenicity test were assigned to be mutagens. Chemicals not classified by the selected genotoxicity endpoints were assigned to be negative genotoxic carcinogens and subsequently evaluated for their capability to elicit non‐genotoxic carcinogenicity. However, non‐genotoxic carcinogenicity mechanisms were not currently included in the developed IATA. The IATA is docked to the OECD Toolbox and uses measured data for different genotoxicity endpoints when available. Alternatively, the system automatically provides predictions by SAR genotoxicity models using the OASIS Tissue Metabolism Simulator platform. When the developed IATA was tested against the consolidated database, its performance was found to be high, with sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 83%, when measured carcinogenicity data were used along with predictions falling within the models' applicability domains. Performance of the IATA would be slightly changed to a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 72% when the evaluation by non‐genotoxic carcinogenicity mechanisms was taken into account. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxic effects of chemical dispersant Corexit 9500 on water flea Daphnia magna
Authors: Toyota Kenji , McNabb Nicole A. , Spyropoulos Demetri D. , Iguchi Taisen , Kohno Satomi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn 2010, approximately 2.1 million gallons of chemical dispersants, mainly Corexit 9500, were applied in the Gulf of Mexico to prevent the oil slick from reaching shorelines and to accelerate biodegradation of oil during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Recent studies have revealed toxic effects of Corexit 9500 on marine microzooplankton that play important roles in food chains in marine ecosystems. However, there is still little known about the toxic effects of Corexit 9500 on freshwater zooplankton, even though oil spills do occur in freshwater and chemical dispersants may be used in response to these spills. The cladoceran crustacean, water flea Daphnia magna, is a well‐established model species for various toxicological tests, including detection of juvenile hormone‐like activity in test compounds. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity of Corexit 9500 using D. magna. The acute toxicity test was conducted according to OECD TG202 and the 48 h EC50 was 1.31 ppm (CIs 0.99–1.64 ppm). The reproductive chronic toxicity test was performed following OECD TG211 ANNEX 7 and 21 days LOEC and NOEC values were 4.0 and 2.0 ppm, respectively. These results indicate that Corexit 9500 has toxic effects on daphnids, particularly during the neonatal developmental stage, which is consistent with marine zooplankton results, whereas juvenile hormone‐like activity was not identified. Therefore, our findings of the adverse effects of Corexit 9500 on daphnids suggest that application of this type of chemical dispersant may have catastrophic impacts on freshwater ecosystems by disrupting the key food chain network. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The functional response of bioactive titania‐modified three‐dimensional Ti‐6Al‐4V mesh structure toward providing a favorable pathway for intercellular communication and osteoincorporation
Authors: Nune K. C. , Misra R. D. K. , Li S. J. , Hao Y. L. , Zhang W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe objective of the study is to fundamentally elucidate the biological response of 3D printed mesh structures subjected to plasma electrolytic oxidation process through the study of osteoblast functions. The cellular activity of plasma electrolytic‐oxidized mesh structure was explored in terms of cell‐to‐cell communication involving proliferation, synthesis of extracellular and intracellular proteins, and mineralization. Upon plasma electrolytic oxidation of the mesh structure, a thin layer of bioactive titania with pore size 1–3 µm was nucleated on the surface. The combination of microporous bioactive titania and interconnected porous architecture provided the desired pathway for supply of nutrients and oxygen to cells and tissue and a favorable osteogenic microenvironment for tissue on‐growth and in‐growth, in relation to the unmodified mesh structure. The formation of a confluent layer as envisaged via electron microscopy and quantitative assessment of the expression level of proteins (actin, vinculin, and fibronectin) point toward the determining role of surface‐modified mesh structure in modulating osteoblasts functions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2488–2501, 2016.
Canine Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells: Purinergic Characterization and Neurogenic Potential for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Roszek Katarzyna , Makowska Noemi , Czarnecka Joanna , Porowińska Dorota , Dąbrowski Marcin , Danielewska Justyna , Nowak Wiesław 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe presented results evidence that canine adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent the premature population of stem cells with great biological potential and properties. ADCS are easy to obtain and culture, able to differentiate into the neurogenic lineage as well as it is easy to control their proliferation rate with nucleotides and nucleosides or analogues. We report that in vitro cultured canine ADSCs response to adenosine‐ and ATP‐mediated stimulation. Differences in canine ADSCs and human mesenchymal stem cells in ecto‐nucleotidase activity have been observed. The ecto‐nucleotidase activity changes during ADSCs in vitro transdifferentiation into neurogenic lineage are fast and simple to analyze. Therefore, the simple analysis of ecto‐enzymes activity allows for verification of the stem cells quality: their stemness or initiation of the differentiation process. The biological potential of the cells isolated from canine fat, as well as the good quality control of this cell culture, make them a promising tool for both experimental and therapeutic usage. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 58–65, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Simple, Rapid, and Highly Sensitive Electrochemical DNA Sensor for the Detection of α‐ and β‐Thalassemia in China
Authors: Chen Pei‐Qi , Liang Qian‐Ni , Huang Tao‐Sheng , Liu Tian‐Cai , Li Ming 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundBecause of the life‐consuming treatment and severe consequences associated with thalassemia, it is more effective to prevent than cure thalassemia. Rapid and sensitive detection is critical for controlling thalassemia. In this study, we developed a rapid and accurate test to genotype nondeletional α‐ and β‐thalassemia mutations by an electrochemical DNA sensor.MethodsScreen‐printed electrodes were used as electrochemical transducers for the sensor, in which the capture probe DNA was attached to the golden surface of the working electrode via an S–Au covalent bond, which is highly suitable for immobilizing the biological element. In addition, two types of ferrocene with varying redox potentials for modified signal probe DNA were adopted. The hybridization signal is detected by alternating current voltammetry when the capture probe and signal probe hybridize with the target DNA.ResultsWith this technique, 12 types of nondeletional α‐ and β‐thalassemia mutations were detected, which constitute more than 90% of all the nondeletional types of thalassemia mutation determinants found in China, including the CD142 (TAA>CAA) Constand spring, CD125 (CTG>CCG) Quonsze, CD122 (CAC>CAG) Weastmead, −28 (A>G), Cap+1 (A>C), initiation codon (ATG>AGG), CD17 (AAG>TAG), CD26 (GAG>AAG), CD31(‐C), CD41‐42 (‐CTTT), CD71‐72 (+A), and IVS‐II‐654 (C>T) mutations. Concordance levels were 100% within the 20 blood samples of homozygous wild‐type individuals and 238 blood samples of heterozygous mutant individuals.ConclusionsThe electrochemical DNA sensor developed here can be applied for rapid genotyping of thalassemia or other clinical genotyping applications and is useful for early screening of thalassemia in high‐risk groups by minimizing the time and investment cost.