bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration into CTEPH medications: Combining natural language processing, embedding learning, in vitro models, and real-world evidence for drug repurposing
Authors: Steiert Daniel , Wittig Corey , Banerjee Priyanka , Preissner Robert , Szulcek Robert 
Published: September 2024

Background
In the modern era, the growth of scientific literature presents a daunting challenge for researchers to keep informed of advancements across multiple disciplines.

Objective
We apply natural language processing (NLP) and embedding learning concepts to design PubDigest, a tool that combs PubMed literature, aiming to pinpoint potential drugs that could be repurposed.

Methods
Using NLP, especially term associations through word embeddings, we explored unrecognized relationships between drugs and diseases. To illustrate the utility of PubDigest, we focused on chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), a rare disease with an overall limited number of scientific publications.

Results
Our literature analysis identified key clinical features linked to CTEPH by applying term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) scoring, a technique measuring a term’s significance in a text corpus. This allowed us to map related diseases. One standout was venous thrombosis (VT), which showed strong semantic links with CTEPH. Looking deeper, we discovered potential repurposing candidates for CTEPH through large-scale neural network-based contextualization of literature and predictive modeling on both the CTEPH and the VT literature corpora to find novel, yet unrecognized associations between the two diseases. Alongside the anti-thrombotic agent caplacizumab, benzofuran derivatives were an intriguing find. In particular, the benzofuran derivative amiodarone displayed potential anti-thrombotic properties in the literature. Our in vitro tests confirmed amiodarone’s ability to reduce platelet aggregation significantly by 68% (p = 0.02). However, real-world clinical data indicated that CTEPH patients receiving amiodarone treatment faced a significant 15.9% higher mortality risk (p<0.001).

Conclusions
While NLP offers an innovative approach to interpreting scientific literature, especially for drug repurposing, it is crucial to combine it with complementary methods like in vitro testing and real-world evidence. Our exploration with benzofuran derivatives and CTEPH underscores this point. Thus, blending NLP with hands-on experiments and real-world clinical data can pave the way for faster and safer drug repurposing approaches, especially for rare diseases like CTEPH.
Effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and seasonal weather conditions on Aedes aegypti infestation in the State of São Paulo (Brazil): A Bayesian spatio-temporal study
Authors: Pirani Monica , Lorenz Camila , de Azevedo Thiago Salomão , Barbosa Gerson Laurindo , Blangiardo Marta , Chiaravalloti-Neto Francisco 
Published: September 2024

Background
Seasonal fluctuations in weather are recognized as factors that affect both Aedes (Ae.) aegypti mosquitoes and the diseases they carry, such as dengue fever. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is widely regarded as one of the most impactful atmospheric phenomena on Earth, characterized by the interplay of shifting ocean temperatures, trade wind intensity, and atmospheric pressure, resulting in extensive alterations in climate conditions. In this study, we investigate the influence of ENSO and local weather conditions on the spatio-temporal variability of Ae. aegypti infestation index.

Methods
We collected seasonal entomological survey data of immature forms of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes (Breteau index), as well as data on temperature, rainfall and the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) for the period 2008–2018 over the 645 municipalities of the subtropical State of São Paulo (Brazil). We grounded our analytical approach on a Bayesian framework and we used a hierarchical spatio-temporal model to study the relationship between ENSO tracked by ONI, seasonal weather fluctuations and the larval index, while adjusting for population density and wealth inequalities.

Results
Our results showed a relevant positive effect for El Niño on the Ae. aegypti larval index. In particular, we found that the number of positive containers would be expected to increase by 1.30-unit (95% Credible Intervals (CI): 1.23 to 1.37) with El Niño events (i.e., ≥ 1°C, moderate to strong) respect to neutral (and weak) events. We also found that seasonal rainfall exceeding 153.12 mm appears to have a notable impact on vector index, leading potentially to the accumulation of ample water in outdoor discarded receptacles, supporting the aquatic phase of mosquito development. Additionally, seasonal temperature above 23.30°C was found positively associated to the larval index. Although the State of São Paulo as a whole has characteristics favourable to proliferation of the vector, there were specific areas with a greater tendency for mosquito infestation, since the most vulnerable areas are predominantly situated in the central and northern regions of the state, with hot spots of abundance in the south, especially during El Niño events. Our findings also indicate that social disparities present in the municipalities contributes to Ae. aegypti proliferation.

Conclusions
Considering the anticipated rise in both the frequency and intensity of El Niño events in the forthcoming decades as a consequence of climate change, the urgency to enhance our ability to track and diminish arbovirus outbreaks is crucial.
Superspreading of SARS-CoV-2 at a choir rehearsal in Finland—A computational fluid dynamics view on aerosol transmission and patient interviews
Authors: Tuhkuri Matvejeff Anna , Laitinen Alpo , Korhonen Marko , Oksanen Lotta-Maria , Geneid Ahmed , Sanmark Enni , Vuorinen Ville 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the role of aerosol transmission and the importance of superspreading events. We analyzed a choir rehearsal in November 2020, where all participants, except one who had recently earlier recovered from COVID-19, were infected. We explore the risk factors for severe disease in this event and model the aerosol dispersion in the rehearsal room.

Materials and methods
Characteristics of participants were collected by interviews and supplemented with patient records. A computational simulation of aerosol distribution in the rehearsal room and the efficacy of potential safety measures was conducted using the Large-Eddy Simulation approach. Infection risk was studied by analyzing quanta emission and exposure with the Wells-Riley equation.

Results
The simulation showed that airborne transmission likely explains this mass contagion event. Every singer was exposed to the virus in only 5 min from the beginning of the rehearsal, and maximum concentration levels were reached at 20 min the concentration levels started to approach a steady state after 20 min. Although concentration differences existed in the room, risk levels near (1 m) and far (5 m) from the aerosol source were similar for certain singers. Modeling indicated infection risk levels of 70–100% after one hour; the risk would have been considerably reduced by wearing high-filtration respirators. Age and pre-existing comorbidities predicted more severe disease. The high incidence of illness may be partly attributed to the relatively high median age of individuals. Additionally, those admitted to the hospital had multiple underlying health conditions that predispose them to more severe disease.

Conclusions
Airborne transmission and indoor space can explain this mass exposure event. High-filtration respirators could have prevented some infections. The importance of safety distances diminishes the longer the indoor event. The concept of safety distance is challenging, as our study suggests that long range airborne transmission may occur in indoor events with extended duration. We encourage informing the public, especially persons at risk, of safety measures during epidemics.
Salt stress memory in tall fescue: Interaction of different stress stages, pollination system and genetic diversity
Authors: Safari Maryam , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
The effects of salinity memory and its interaction with genetic diversity for drought tolerance and pollination system in terms of morphological, physiological, root characteristics and spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) in tall fescue is still unknown.

Methods
Four tall fescue genotypes (two drought-sensitive and two drought-tolerant) were manually controlled to produce four selfed (S1) and four open-pollinated (OP) progeny genotypes (finally eight progeny genotypes). Then all genotypes were assessed for two years in greenhouse under five salinity treatments including control treatment (C), twice salinity stress treatment (primary mild salinity stress in two different stages and secondary at the end stage) (S1t1S2 and S1t2S2), once severe salinity stress treatment (secondary only, S2), and foliar spray of salicylic acid (SA) simultaneously with secondary salinity stress (H2S2).

Results
Results indicated that obligate selfing (S1) caused to inbreeding depression in RWC, plant growth, catalase activity, root length and the ratio of root/shoot (R/S). Once salinity stress treatment (S2) led to depression in most measured traits, while pre-exposure to salinity (salinity memory) (S1t1S2 and S1t2S2) improved photosynthetic pigments, proline, antioxidant enzymes and R/S.

Conclusion
Salinity memory was more pronounced in drought-sensitive genotypes, while it was more evident in OP than S1 population. Foliar spray of salicylic acid (SA) was almost equally effective in reducing the effects of salinity stress in both populations. The efficacy of application was more pronounced in tolerant genotypes compared to sensitive ones. The possibility of modeling correlated spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) for prediction of different morphological, physiological and root characteristics will be discussed.
Umbilical artery thrombosis diagnosed by fetal ultrasound
Authors: Abe Yushi , Ueno Kazunori , Tamura Saki , Ariga Haruko , Miyauchi Jun , Nakagawa Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) is a rare and severe condition associated with grave perinatal outcomes, including intrauterine fetal death. This case report presents the case of a 38-year-old woman (gravida 3, para 1) of Japanese ethnicity, with a history of one spontaneous miscarriage, who conceived through micro-insemination and blastocyst transfer.

Case presentation
Initial patient screening at 30 weeks and 6 days of gestation revealed normal fetal development, with two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. However, at 34 weeks and 5 days of gestation, we observed reduced fetal movements and the absence of accelerations on cardiotocography. Subsequent color Doppler examination revealed cessation of blood flow across a broad area in one umbilical artery and a strongly curved umbilical vein surrounding the blood flow of the other artery. These formed the ‘orange grab sign,’ suggestive of UAT. Evaluations of blood flow in other areas revealed unremarkable findings. We performed an emergency cesarean section owing to fetal distress. The mother and newborn were healthy and discharged as healthy. The 1-month check-up revealed no abnormalities in the child. Pathological examination of the umbilical cord revealed fibrin-based thrombus formation along the length of one artery, confirmed to be an umbilical artery.

Conclusions
In the present case report, we presented the diagnostic challenges of UAT. Furthermore, we highlighted the need for timely intervention by comparing the number of umbilical vessels among previous ultrasound findings and verifying the presence of the ‘orange grab sign.’
Joke synonymy sensitivity among working comedians and the General Theory of Verbal Humor
Authors: Cain Kathleen , Gimbel Steven , Howard Lindsay , Maronna Brittany , Beirne Sean 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ruch et al. (1993. Toward an empirical verification of the general theory of verbal humor. Humor 6(2). 123–36.) found that ordinary college students perceived joke similarity in a pattern that largely but not completely matched the pattern predicted by the General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH, Attardo and Raskin. 1991. Script theory revis(it)ed: joke similarity and joke representation model. Humor 4(3–4). 293–47.). Stand-up comedians must not only perform jokes in front of audiences, but must write the jokes they deliver. Joke theft, the telling of a joke written and performed by another comedian without express permission, is a serious violation of community norms. A stolen joke need not have the same precise wording, hence it may be hypothesized that stand-up comedians would develop an increased sensitivity to joke synonymy. In the present study, working comedians rated joke similarity using a similar procedure to that of Ruch et al. (1993. Toward an empirical verification of the general theory of verbal humor. Humor 6(2). 123–36.). While the comedians’ responses did not differ dramatically from those of non-comedians in Ruch et al. (1993. Toward an empirical verification of the general theory of verbal humor. Humor 6(2). 123–36.), their perceived similarity followed the pattern predicted in the GTVH more closely. These findings suggest slightly but not markedly greater sensitivity to joke synonymy among working comedians and offer further empirical support for the GTVH.
Educating and training culturally competent peace officers: challenges and opportunities of the Minnesota model
Authors: Densley James , MacLean Charles E. , Hilal Susan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Minnesota has garnered national attention as the epicenter of significant policing problems, most notably following the tragic death of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020. In the wake of this incident, cultural competency, characterized by an understanding and appreciation of cultural differences and the ability to interact effectively across diverse cultural backgrounds, was positioned as essential for contemporary policing. Minnesota State, a system of 26 colleges and seven universities with 54 campuses, educating 86 % of the state’s law enforcement officers, in turn, initiated a Taskforce on Law Enforcement Education Reform to promote this idea. This article situates Minnesota State’s reformative measures within broader police reform efforts in Minnesota, highlighting the unique role that higher education institutions play as catalysts for change. The article critically examines the “Minnesota model” of peace officer education and training, questioning the necessity of a college degree for police work and exploring how degrees impact policing outcomes. The challenges of implementing systemic change within higher education institutions are then juxtaposed with the opportunities they present for creating a new generation of peace officers equipped to serve with cultural savvy. The article offers insights into the complexities of systemic change in police education, emphasizing the role of higher education in achieving a more equitable and just society through the development of culturally competent peace officers.
In vivo evaluation of Cerenkov luminescence and SPECT imaging for nanoscale 177Lu-labeled metal-organic framework
Authors: Ding Wenbing , Lyu Jie , Yu Yuying , Tan Fuyuan , Yang Ai , Lan Tu , Liao Jiali , Yang Yuanyou , Liu Ning , Li Feize 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Multimodal imaging for precision medicine has received significant attention in recent years. In this work, we proposed to combine Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) and SPECT-CT to systematically evaluate the real biodistribution of nanoscale metal-organic framework (MOF) in murine xenograft model. 177Lu was incorporated into nanoscale MOF-76(Eu)/FA in high radiochemical yield to construct a multimodal probe with physiological stability. Subsequently, the 177Lu-MOF-76(Eu)/FA shows adequate in vitro affinity and cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Furthermore, by comparing the SPECT imaging and CLI, we evaluated the feasibility of in vivo CLI application in preclinical studies of 177Lu-radiopharmaceuticals. The results demonstrate that CLI address some limitations of fluorescence imaging based on organic dye molecule and enable accurate tracking 177Lu radiolabeled compounds in major organs.
Конкурентне середовище розвитку підприємств на українському ринку хліба та хлібобулочних виробів в умовах збурень
Authors: Шандрівська Олена , Бурдик Христина 
Published: September 2024

Досліджено стан ринку хліба та хлібобулочних виробів у період збурень (пандемії COVID-19 та війни). Проаналізовано динаміку основних параметрів ринку хліба та хлібобулочних виробів в Україні за період 2015 – 2021 рр. Здійснено аналіз динаміки витрат на імпорт та доходу від експорту хлібобулочних виробів в Україні у 2016 -2022 рр. Оцінено рівень конкуренції на ринку хліба та хлібобулочних виробів за допомогою кількісних індикаторів концентрації, таких як: індекс Херфіндаля – Хіршмана, індекс Лінда, індекс Джинні. За результатами оцінки концентрації ринку хліба та хлібобулочних виробів у 2021 р. встановлено, що до ядра аналізованого ринку увійшли «Концерн Хлібпром», ТОВ КВФ «РОМА», ТОВ «Київ Хліб»; у 2022 році - Концерн Хлібпром», ТОВ КВФ «РОМА», ТОВ «Київ Хліб» та ТОВ “Київський обласний хлібопекарський комплекс”. Використано SWOT - аналіз для ідентифікації внутрішніх сильних та слабких сторін, а також зовнішніх чинників впливу на сектор хлібобулочного виробництва.
Ділове адміністрування процесів організації діяльності підприємств в умовах діджиталізації
Authors: Дроздова Валерія , Таранова Дарія , Кара Григорій 
Published: September 2024

Метою статті є аналіз сутності цифрових технологій, їхньої ролі у сфері підприємництва, а також, аналіз проблем та стратегії впровадження цифрових технологій в діяльність підприємства. Оскільки для сучасного бізнесу притаманно пришвидшення всіх бізнес-процесів завдяки можливостям діджиталізації, то актуальним стає впровадження технічних та технологічних змін у всі сфери життєдіяльності підприємства. Завданням статті є з’ясування поняття цифрової трансформації та цифрових технологій та користі, що отримує підприємство при їх застосуванні; встановлення складових що впливають на процес впровадження цифрових технологій у підприємницьку діяльність, з’ясування проблем з якими потенційно може стикатись підприємство при їх впровадженні, а також, переваг для організації бізнес-процесів, що дає перехід до цифрового середовища. Аналізуються думки спеціалістів, щодо використання інформаційних технологій та підвищення завдяки ним ефективності бізнес процесів. Необхідно підкреслити, що для успішного впровадження змін керівництво повинно розробити порядок дій - стратегію впровадження, що дозволить на всіх етапах підтримувати кроки щодо діджиталізації. Проблема якісного адміністрування є актуальною, бо потрібно приділяти увагу не тільки технічній/технологічній складовій, але й роботі із персоналом, який не завжди розуміє потребу у змінах та може спричиняти опір. Окремо зазначено, що зміни у бізнес-процесах підприємств потребують законодавчої підтримки від держави, бо частина процесів обов’язково повинна бути урегульована нормативними актами.
Combinación de un enfoque heurístico y de simulación para la eva-luación de rutas en la preparación de pedidos de un centro de distri-bución
Authors: Segura Dorado Jhon Alexander , Paz Orozco Helmer , Rubiano Ovalle Oscar 
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Optimizar recolección de pedidos en los centros de distribución (CD), una tarea que implica tiempo, mano de obra y costos significativos. Metodología: Se utilizó un modelo matemático basado en la programación lineal entera mixta (MILP) para minimizar la distancia total recorrida durante la recolección de pedidos. Este modelo se aplicó a un caso colombiano y se complementó con un modelo de simulación para evaluar escenarios de mejora. Resultados: El modelo matemático generó cuatro rutas óptimas para la recolección de pedidos. Dos de las rutas utilizaron un enrutamiento en forma de S, una utilizó el enrutamiento con retorno y otra combinó ambas políticas, reduciendo así la distancia total en un 5% para completar el proceso de recogida de pedidos. Posteriormente, el modelo de simulación se utilizó para evaluar tres escenarios de mejora: i) aumentar la capacidad de los carros de picking, ii) aumentar el número de carros de picking, y iii) aumentar ambos parámetros simultáneamente. Conclusiones: El mejor resultado se obtuvo al aumentar la capacidad de los carros de picking en un 33%, lo que redujo la distancia recorrida en un 49,5% y tuvo un impacto positivo en otros indicadores operativos definidos. Este innovador enfoque combinado del problema de las rutas puede utilizarse para explorar nuevas mejoras.
Seroprevalence of syphilis among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital in and around Koodapakkam, Puducherry, India
Authors: Paudel Purshotam , Arumugam Manoharan , Sinha Pammy 
Published: September 2024

: Transfusions Transmissible Infections (TTIs) are infections that can transfer from one individual to another through the use of contaminated blood or blood products. In India, it is mandatory to test TTIs before blood transfusion including HBV, HCV, HIV-I/II, malaria, and syphilis. This study was carried out to observe the trend of syphilis among blood donors around Koodapakkam, Puducherry India.: To find out the seroprevalence of syphilis in healthy blood donors.: Retrospective epidemiological study.: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all blood donation and TTI test records from January 2021 to December 2023 at the blood centre of a private medical college and hospital in Puducherry. All positive cases of syphilis were collected. The details of the donor were taken from the donor register. Different variables like blood group, occupation, education status, and type of donor were analyzed.: Out of 1652 blood donors, 27 samples were TTI reactive resulting in TTI % of 1.63. Whereas only 10 donors (0.60%) were found to be syphilis-positive using a rapid card test. None of the syphilis-positive samples were positive for other TTI viz HBV, HCV, HIV, and malaria.: The prevalence of syphilis was 0.60% among the blood donors from the Koodapakkam area. This study concludes that syphilis is in an increasing trend in this area among blood donors. Stringent donor screening is highly recommended to ensure maximum safe blood transfusion.
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour in mandibular region: A case report
Authors: Nivedha G  , Bhaskarashenoy Mini 
Published: September 2024

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour is a distinctive mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain differentiation which has a potential for local recurrence and metastasis.This case report represents the ossifying fibromyxoid tumour in mandible which is an uncommon site. OFMT needs to have early follow-up to detect local recurrence and metastasis. OMFT presents as a fairly circumscribed cellular neoplasm arranged in lobules with incomplete peripheral shell of woven/lamellar bone. Appropiate diagnosis of ossifying fibromyxoid tumour is important to recognize because, even though it has a low grade morphology, it can have aggressive behaviour with potential for recurrence and metastasis. Hence, the patient should be kept under strict follow-up.