bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constituents From Brazilian Propolis Against Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium covae, Two Bacteria Affecting Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
Authors: Ribeiro Victor P. , Bastos Jairo K. , Harries Marcuslene D. , Page Phaedra N. , Techen Natascha , Meepagala Kumudini M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEdwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium covae are two bacteria species that cause diseases in farm‐raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) that cause heavy economic damage to the aquaculture industry, particularly to the channel catfish farming. In search for environmentally benign antibacterial compounds active against E. ictaluri and F. covae, we investigated the constituents isolated from Brazilian red, brown and green propolis. We have also synthetically modified active constituents to see if lipophilicity plays a role in enhancing antibacterial activities. Vestitol, neovestitol and methylvestitol were found to be the active constituents with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) relative to drug control florfenicol (RDCF) values (MIC−RDCF) of 7.6, 7.6 and 7.9 mg/L, respectively, against F. covae. The activity against E. ictaluri was not significant.
Effects of In Ovo Administration of Freeze‐Dried Royal Jelly on Hatchability, Blood Parameters, and Organ Weights of Day‐Old Chicks
Authors: Hassan Mohamed I. , Hassan Saber S. , Soliman Farid N. K. , Khalil Mohamed H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRoyal jelly renowned for its robust nutritional, functional, and biological properties, is a pivotal product derived from honeybees. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the theory that in ovo injection of freeze‐dried royal jelly (FDRJ) solutions at varying concentrations can influence the hatchability, blood properties and hatching characteristics of day‐old chicks. A total of 480 eggs (54.81 ± 0.187 g) were allocated into four experimental groups: negative control (NC), without injection, positive control (PC), administered with regular saline, a low FDRJ dose group (9 mg/egg), and a high FDRJ dose group (18 mg/egg). The in ovo injections were administered on Day 18 of incubation, and the experiment was subsequently continued until the incubation period concluded at 21 days. Results revealed that the lower FDRJ dose (9 mg/egg) significantly improved hatchability percentages compared to other treatments. Conversely, the higher FDRJ dose (18 mg/egg) and control groups (NC and PC) resulted in significantly higher chick yield percentages than the lower FDRJ and PC groups. The NC group showed the supreme yolk sac (YS) percentage, whereas the yolk‐free body mass (YFBM) percentages displayed an inverse trend. Furthermore, the in ovo FDRJ injection did not affect haematological values or the relative organ weight of day‐old chicks. In conclusion, in ovo FDRJ injection demonstrated beneficial effects on hatchability and chick weight, as evidenced by the studied parameters.
Sigmodontinae rodents as potential reservoirs for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the Delta and Paraná Islands ecoregion, Argentina
Authors: Barolin Johann , Antoniazzi Leandro Raul , Colombo Valeria Carolina , Beldomenico Pablo Martin , Monje Lucas Daniel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex includes a group of spirochete bacteria that are involved in transmission cycles with vertebrates and the ticks associated with them. Rodents play an essential role in the ecoepidemiology of Borrelia, acting as reservoirs for the bacteria and hosts for ticks. To identify potential reservoir vertebrate hosts of Borrelia spirochetes in Argentina, we conducted molecular analyses on tissues obtained from a population of Sigmodontinae rodents inhabiting the Delta and Parana Islands ecoregion. We report the presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. complex genotypes infecting Akodon azarae and Oxymycterus rufus in this ecoregion. Phylogenetic analysis revealed at least three flaB haplotypes related to ‘Candidatus Borrelia paulista’ and Borrelia sp. strain Pampa from Brazil and to several Borrelia haplotypes from Uruguay. Additionally, we identified different alleles of the plasmid‐borne gene ospC in B. burgdorferi s.l. infecting A. azarae and Ox. rufus. The ospC allele present in Borrelia from Ox. rufus was also detected in Borrelia from Oligoryzomys mattogrossae, indicating the ability of Borrelia harbouring this ospC allele to infect multiple Sigmodontinae species, whereas the ospC allele from Borrelia infecting A. azarae represents a novel variant. Further research is needed to determine host specificity of ospC alleles present in South America.
Plasmodium falciparum
protein phosphatase PP7 is required for early ring-stage development
Authors: Patel Avnish , Fréville Aline , Rey Joshua A. , Flynn Helen R. , Koussis Konstantinos , Skehel Mark J. , Blackman Michael J. , Baker David A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

We previously reported that the
Plasmodium falciparum
putative serine/threonine protein phosphatase 7 (PP7) is a high-confidence substrate of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Here we explore the function of PP7 in asexual
P. falciparum
blood stage parasites. We show that conditional disruption of PP7 leads to a severe growth arrest. We show that PP7 is a calcium-dependent phosphatase that interacts with calmodulin and calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1), consistent with a role in calcium signaling. Notably, PP7 was found to be dispensable for erythrocyte invasion, but was crucial for ring-stage development, with PP7-null parasites arresting shortly following invasion and showing no transition to ameboid forms. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that PP7 may regulate certain PKAc substrates. Its interaction with calmodulin and CDPK1 further emphasizes a role in calcium signaling, while its impact on early ring development and PKAc substrate phosphorylation underscores its importance in parasite development.

IMPORTANCE

Plasmodium falciparum
causes malaria and is responsible for more than 600,000 deaths each year. Although effective drugs are available to treat disease, the spread of drug-resistant parasites endangers their future efficacy. It is hoped that a better understanding of the biology of malaria parasites will help us to discover new drugs to tackle the resistance problem. Our work is focused on the cell signaling mechanisms that control the development of the parasite throughout its complex life cycle. All signal transduction pathways are ultimately regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation by protein kinase and protein phosphatase enzymes. In this study, we investigate the function of calcium-dependent protein phosphatase PP7 and show that it is essential for the development of ring-stage parasites following the invasion of human erythrocytes. Our results contribute to the understanding of the erythrocytic stages of the parasite life cycle that cause malaria pathology.
Integrated analysis of microbiome and metabolome reveals signatures in PDAC tumorigenesis and prognosis
Authors: Fang Yuan , Liu Xiaohong , Ren Jie , Wang Xing , Zhou Feihan , Huang Shi , You Lei , Zhao Yupei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Pancreatic cancer, predominantly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is one of the most malignant tumors of the digestive system. Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of the microbiome and metabolic substances in the development of PDAC, yet the results remain contradictory. This study aims to identify the alterations and relationships in intratumoral microbiome and metabolites in PDAC. We collected matched tumor and normal adjacent tissue (NAT) samples from 105 PDAC patients and performed a 6-year follow-up. 2bRAD-M sequencing, untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed. Compared with NATs, microbial α-diversity decreased in PDAC tumors. The relative abundance of
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Cutibacterium acnes,
and
Cutibacterium granulosum
was higher in PDAC tumor after adjusting for confounding factors body mass index and M stage, and the presence of
Ralstonia pickettii_B
was found associated with a worse overall survival. Metabolomic analysis revealed distinctive differences in composition between PDAC and NAT, with 553 discriminative metabolites identified. Differential metabolites were revealed to originate from the microbiota and showed significant interactions with shifted bacterial species through KO (KEGG Orthology) genes. These findings suggest that the PDAC microenvironment harbors unique microbial-derived enzymatic reactions, potentially influencing the occurrence and development of PDAC by modulating the levels of glycerol-3-phosphate, succinate, carbonate, and beta-alanine.

IMPORTANCE

We conducted a large sample-size pancreatic adenocarcinoma microbiome study using a novel microbiome sequencing method and two metabolomic assays. Two significant outcomes of our analysis are: (i) commensal opportunistic pathogens
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Cutibacterium acnes
, and
Cutibacterium granulosum
were enriched in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors compared with normal adjacent tissues, and (ii) worse overall survival was found related to the presence of
Ralstonia pickettii_B
. Microbial species affect the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and prognosis of PDAC via unique microbe-enzyme-metabolite interaction. Thus, our study highlights the need for further investigation of the potential associations between pancreatic microbiota-derived omics signatures, which may drive the clinical transformation of microbiome-derived strategies toward therapy-targeted bacteria.
Interplay between a polerovirus and a closterovirus decreases aphid transmission of the polerovirus
Authors: Khechmar Souheyla , Chesnais Quentin , Villeroy Claire , Brault Véronique , Drucker Martin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Multi-infection of plants by viruses is very common and can change drastically infection parameters such as virus accumulation, distribution, and vector transmission. Sugar beet is an important crop that is frequently co-infected by the polerovirus beet chlorosis virus (BChV) and the closterovirus beet yellows virus (BYV), both vectored by the green peach aphid (
Myzus persicae
). These phloem-limited viruses are acquired while aphids ingest phloem sap from infected plants. Here we found that co-infection decreased transmission of BChV by ~50% but had no impact on BYV transmission. The drastic reduction of BChV transmission was due to neither lower accumulation of BChV in co-infected plants nor reduced phloem sap ingestion by aphids from these plants. Using the signal amplification by exchange reaction fluorescent
in situ
hybridization technique on plants, we observed that 40% of the infected phloem cells were co-infected and that co-infection caused redistribution of BYV in these cells. The BYV accumulation pattern changed from distinct intracellular spherical inclusions in mono-infected cells to a diffuse form in co-infected cells. There, BYV co-localized with BChV throughout the cytoplasm, indicative of virus-virus interactions. We propose that BYV-BChV interactions could restrict BChV access to the sieve tubes and reduce its accessibility for aphids and present a model of how co-infection could alter BChV intracellular movement and/or phloem loading and reduce BChV transmission.

IMPORTANCE
Mixed viral infections in plants are understudied yet can have significant influences on disease dynamics and virus transmission. We investigated how co-infection with two unrelated viruses, BChV and BYV, affects aphid transmission of the viruses in sugar beet plants. We show that co-infection reduced BChV transmission by about 50% without affecting BYV transmission, despite similar virus accumulation rates in co-infected and mono-infected plants. Follow-up experiments examined the localization and intracellular distribution of the viruses, leading to the discovery that co-infection caused a redistribution of BYV in the phloem vessels and altered its repartition pattern within plant cells, suggesting virus-virus interactions. In conclusion, the interplay between BChV and BYV affects the transmission of BChV but not BYV, possibly through direct or indirect virus-virus interactions at the cellular level. Understanding these interactions could be crucial for managing virus propagation in crops and preventing yield losses.
Equilibrium Figures of Two Liquid Masses with Synchronous Rotation. Dynamics of Double Asteroid (190166) 2005 UP156
Authors: Kondratyev B. P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The problem of equilibrium figures of two liquid masses in a state of tidal mutual capture is posed and solved. The condition of complete synchronous (orbital plus spin) rotation is satisfied in the system, and both bodies have the same masses and congruent ellipsoidal surfaces. For each figure, besides its own gravity and centrifugal forces, the attraction from the second body is taken into account in the tidal approximation. The spatial form of equilibrium figures as triaxial ellipsoids is found by an analytical and numerical method. The spin rotation of ellipsoidal equilibrium figures is established to occur not around small axes, as is usually assumed, but around the middle axes of the ellipsoids. This method is used to study the binary asteroid (190166) 2005 UP156, which approximately satisfies the initial conditions of the problem. The study showed that with the parameters known today, the system of two asteroids (190166) 2005 UP156 is nonequilibrium.
Production and measurement of a stellar neutron spectrum at 30 keV
Authors: Praena Javier , Verdera Antònia , López Javier García , Martín-Hernández Guido 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA few years ago, we theoretically studied the production of a stellar neutron spectrum at kT = 30 keV using a shaped proton beam impinging on a thick lithium target. Here, we first measure the proton distribution to better control the produced neutron spectrum. Then, we measure the forward-emitted angle-integrated neutron spectrum of the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction via time-of-flight neutron spectrometry with such proton distribution. The result resembles a stellar neutron spectrum at kT = 30 keV. This method avoids in activation experiments the need for spectrum correction. In the case of spherical samples, no knowledge of the cross-section of the isotope being measured by activation would be necessary. Therefore, the present method is of interest for isotopes with unknown or poorly known cross-sections, such as branching points in astrophysics. The key point of our method is the experimental control of the proton distribution that impinges on the lithium target.
Stimulating Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase with the Clinical Agonist Riociguat Restrains the Development and Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhang Ling , Troccoli Clara I. , Mateo-Victoriano Beatriz , Misiara Lincheta Laura , Jackson Erin , Shu Ping , Plastini Trisha , Tao Wensi , Kwon Deukwoo , Chen Xi Steven , Sharma Janaki , Jorda Merce , Kumar Surinder , Lombard David B. , Gulley James L. , Bilusic Marijo , Lockhart Albert C. , Beuve Annie , Rai Priyamvada 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is incurable and fatal, making prostate cancer the second leading cancer-related cause of death for American men. CRPC results from therapeutic resistance to standard-of-care androgen deprivation (AD) treatments, through incompletely understood molecular mechanisms, and lacks durable therapeutic options. In this study, we identified enhanced soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) signaling as a mechanism that restrains CRPC initiation and growth. Patients with aggressive, fatal CRPC exhibited significantly lower serum levels of the sGC catalytic product cyclic GMP (cGMP) compared with the castration-sensitive stage. In emergent castration-resistant cells isolated from castration-sensitive prostate cancer populations, the obligate sGC heterodimer was repressed via methylation of its β subunit. Genetically abrogating sGC complex formation in castration-sensitive prostate cancer cells promoted evasion of AD-induced senescence and concomitant castration-resistant tumor growth. In established castration-resistant cells, the sGC complex was present but in a reversibly oxidized and inactive state. Subjecting CRPC cells to AD regenerated the functional complex, and cotreatment with riociguat, an FDA-approved sGC agonist, evoked redox stress-induced apoptosis. Riociguat decreased castration-resistant tumor growth and increased apoptotic markers, with elevated cGMP levels correlating significantly with lower tumor burden. Riociguat treatment reorganized the tumor vasculature and eliminated hypoxic tumor niches, decreasing CD44+ tumor progenitor cells and increasing the radiosensitivity of castration-resistant tumors. Thus, this study showed that enhancing sGC activity can inhibit CRPC emergence and progression through tumor cell–intrinsic and extrinsic effects. Riociguat can be repurposed to overcome CRPC, with noninvasive monitoring of cGMP levels as a marker for on-target efficacy.
Significance: Soluble guanylyl cyclase signaling inhibits castration-resistant prostate cancer emergence and can be stimulated with FDA-approved riociguat to resensitize resistant tumors to androgen deprivation, providing a strategy to prevent and treat castration resistance.
Biomarkers of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure by E-Liquid Nicotine Concentration Level among US Adult Exclusive E-Cigarette Users
Authors: Dai Hongying Daisy , Reyes Sara , Buckley James , Maloney Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
The current e-cigarette market has been rapidly evolving with an increase in the share of high nicotine concentration vaping products. This study examined urinary biomarkers of exposure (BOE) by nicotine concentration level among exclusive e-cigarette users.

Methods:
Data were drawn from wave 5 (December 2018–November 2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Between-subject differences in BOEs of nicotine, metal, tobacco-specific nitrosamine, and volatile organic compounds were examined across e-cigarettes containing nicotine or not [yes (n = 300) vs. no (n = 31) vs. non-tobacco use (n = 3,021)] and different nicotine concentration levels (0.1%–1.7%, 1.8%–4.9%, and 5.0%+).

Results:
Among 3,353 participants, exclusive e-cigarette users exhibited higher mean concentrations of nicotine metabolites than non-tobacco users. Nicotine e-cigarette users had higher concentrations of total nicotine equivalents-2 [TNE2; mean (95% confidence interval), 21.8 (15.2–31.2) vs. 0.2 (0.1–0.6) nmol/mg creatinine, P &lt; 0.0001] and cotinine [1,418.2 (998.0–2,015.4) vs. 12.2 (0.1–0.6), P &lt; 0.0001) ng/mg creatinine, P &lt; 0.0001] than non-nicotine e-cigarette users. Users of e-cigarette products with nicotine levels of 1.8% to 4.9% had higher TNE2 and cotinine levels than those using 0.1% to 1.7%, though differences were insignificant after adjusting for covariates. As compared to non-tobacco users, nicotine vapers had higher concentrations of lead (adjusted P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Nicotine containing e-cigarette users exhibited elevated levels of nicotine metabolites than non-nicotine containing vapers and non-tobacco users. Future research needs to investigate health effects of e-cigarette use across different nicotine levels.

Impact:
Regulating the nicotine content in e-cigarettes could be crucial in managing nicotine exposure and potentially mitigating associated health risks.
Territoriality and Intellectual Property Infringement Proceedings
Authors: Tang Zheng (Sophia) 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines the principle of territoriality in intellectual property rights (IPR s) and its implications for cross-border infringement proceedings. It highlights the complexities arising from globalization and digital technologies, which challenge the traditional territorial nature of IPR s. The article compares jurisdictional approaches in the United States, the European Union, Korea, noting the strict adherence to territoriality in validity disputes and the varied stances on infringement claims. It also explores the innovative measures adopted by national courts, particularly in the context of Standard Essential Patents (SEP s), to extend their jurisdiction while respecting territorial limits. The article underscores China’s pragmatic approach, balancing respect for territoriality with judicial efficiency, and its proactive role in setting global FRAND terms for SEP s. The analysis suggests that while territoriality remains a fundamental principle, evolving judicial practices are adapting to the demands of a globalized economy.
Atypical Presentation and Postoperative Management of Vagal Nerve Tumors
Authors: Shing Samuel R. , Armache Maria , Llerena Pablo , O’Connor Mackenzie , Murphy Kira , Curry Joseph M. , Luginbuhl Adam J. 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Tumors involving the vagus nerve are often clinically silent. We offer a case series with different clinical presentations and distinctive post-surgical sequelae that highlight some of the challenges associated with managing cervical vagal nerve tumors. Methods: Single-institution, retrospective review of patients with tumors involving the vagus nerve. We describe clinical presentations and postoperative sequelae of five patients who underwent surgical management of vagal nerve pathology with atypical presentation or subsequent clinical course. Results: Here, we present five patients treated at our institution for vagal tumors. In four of the five patients, the presenting symptoms resolved after surgery. Two patients presented with intractable neurogenic cough, and another two presented with autonomic symptoms, one with syncope/palpitations and the other with intractable sweating. The final patient presented with a rapidly enlarging vagal paraganglioma and developed intractable cough after resection. We present two patients with novel approach to vagal paragangliomas that underwent ligation of feeding blood supply without removing the tumor, resulting in resolution of an intractable cough in one patient and resolution of severe nighttime sweating in the other. Conclusion: Management of tumors associated with the cervical vagus nerve that present with symptoms or rapid growth poses a clinical dilemma. Consideration of the tumor origin with either enucleation of schwannomas or ligation of feeding vessels may preserve function while addressing the presenting symptoms.