bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LSWS linked with the low‐latitude Es and its implications for the growth of the R‐T instability
Authors: Joshi L. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA comprehensive investigation of spread F irregularities over the Indian sector has been carried out using VHF radar and ionosonde observations. Two different categories of spread F observations, one where the onset of the range spread F (RSF) was concurrent with the peak h′F (category 1) and another where the RSF onset happened ~90 min after the peak h′F time (category 2), are presented. RSF in category 2 was preceded by the presence of oblique echoes in ionograms, indicating the irregularity genesis westward of Sriharikota. The average peak h′F in category 1 was ~30 km higher than that in category 2 indicating the presence of standing large‐scale wave structure (LSWS). Occurrence of the blanketing Es during 19:30 to 20:30 Indian Standard Time in category 1 (category 2) was 0% (>50%). Model computation is also carried out to further substantiate the observational results. Model computation indicates that zonal variation of low‐latitude Es can generate zonal modulation in the F layer height rise. It is found that the modulation of the F layer height, linked with the low‐latitude Es, assists the equatorial spread F onset by modifying both the growth rate of the collisional Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instability and also its efficiency. A predominant presence of low‐latitude Es has been observed, but the increase in the F layer height and the R‐T instability growth in the evening hours will maximize with complete absence of low‐latitude Es. A new mechanism for the generation of LSWS and its implications on R‐T instability is discussed.
Rapid increase in relativistic electron flux controlled by nonlinear phase trapping of whistler chorus elements
Authors: Saito Shinji , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Seki Kanako 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWave‐particle interactions with whistler chorus waves are believed to provide a primary acceleration for electrons in the outer radiation belt. Previous models for flux enhancement of the radiation belt have assumed the stochastic process as a diffusion manner of successive random‐phase interactions, but physical mechanisms for the acceleration are not fully incorporated in these models because of the lack of a nonlinear scattering process. Here we report rapid increase in relativistic electron flux by using an innovative computer simulation model that incorporates not only diffusive process but also nonlinear scattering processes. The simulations show that three types of scattering simultaneously occur, which are diffusive, phase trapping, and phase bunching. It is found that the phase trapping is the most efficient mechanism to produce the MeV electrons rapidly in the scattering processes. The electrons are accelerated from 400 keV to over 1 MeV in time scale less than 60 s. On the other hand, as the phase trapping is suppressed by the breaking of relative phase angle between waves and gyrating electrons during the interaction, the increase of electron flux at MeV energy is clearly reduced. Our simulations conclude that the phase‐trapping process causes a significant effect for the increase in relativistic electron flux and suggest that a quasi‐linear diffusion model is not always valid to fully describe the relativistic electron acceleration.
Poly(2‐ethyloxazoline) as matrix for highly active electrospun enzymes in organic solvents
Authors: Plothe Ramona , Sittko Ina , Lanfer Franziska , Fortmann Maximilian , Roth Meike , Kolbach Vivien , Tiller Joerg C. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTNanofibers are advantageous carriers for biocatalysts, because they show lower diffusion limitations due to their high surface/volume ratio. Only a few samples are known where enzymes are directly spun into nanofibers, mostly because there are not many suited polymer carriers. In this study, poly(2‐ethyloxazoline) (PEtOx) was explored regarding its usefulness to activate various enzymes in organic solvents by directly electrospinning them from aqueous solutions containing the polymer. It was found that the concentration of PEtOx in the spinning solution and also the swellability of the fibers play a great role in the activity of the enzymes in organic solvents. Using electrospun lipase B from Candida antarctica (CaLB) under optimized conditions revealed a higher carrier activity than the commercial Novozyme 435 with 10 times less immobilized protein. The electrospinning of PEtOx/CaLB fibers onto a stirrer is used to realize a biocatalytic stirrer for organic solvents. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 39–45. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Land use intensification in the humid tropics increased both alpha and beta diversity of soil bacteria
Authors: de Carvalho Teotonio Soares , Jesus Ederson da Conceição , Barlow Jos , Gardner Toby A. , Soares Isaac Carvalho , Tiedje James M. , Moreira Fatima Maria de Souza 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAnthropogenic pressures on tropical forests are rapidly intensifying, but our understanding of their implications for biological diversity is still very limited, especially with regard to soil biota, and in particular soil bacterial communities. Here we evaluated bacterial community composition and diversity across a gradient of land use intensity in the eastern Amazon from undisturbed primary forest, through primary forests varyingly disturbed by fire, regenerating secondary forest, pasture, and mechanized agriculture. Soil bacteria were assessed by paired‐end Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments (V4 region). The resulting sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTU) at a 97% similarity threshold. Land use intensification increased the observed bacterial diversity (both OTU richness and community heterogeneity across space) and this effect was strongly associated with changes in soil pH. Moreover, land use intensification and subsequent changes in soil fertility, especially pH, altered the bacterial community composition, with pastures and areas of mechanized agriculture displaying the most contrasting communities in relation to undisturbed primary forest. Together, these results indicate that tropical forest conversion impacts soil bacteria not through loss of diversity, as previously thought, but mainly by imposing marked shifts on bacterial community composition, with unknown yet potentially important implications for ecological functions and services performed by these communities.
Interaction of single-walled carbon nanotubes and saxitoxin: Ab initio simulations and biological responses in hippocampal cell line HT-22
Authors: Ramos Patrícia , Schmitz Marcos , Filgueira Daza , Votto Ana Paula , Durruthy Michael , Gelesky Marcos , Ruas Caroline , Yunes João , Tonel Mariana , Fagan Solange , Monserrat José 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Saxitoxins (STXs) are potent neurotoxins that also induce cytotoxicity through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials that can promote a Trojan horse effect, facilitating the entry of toxic molecules to cells when adsorbed to nanomaterials. The interaction of pristine single-walled (SW)CNTs and carboxylated (SWCNT-COOH) nanotubes with STX was evaluated by ab initio simulation and bioassays using the cell line HT-22. Cells (5 × 104 cells/mL) were exposed to SWCNT and SWCNT-COOH (5 μg mL−1), STX (200 μg L−1), SWCNT+STX, and SWCNT-COOH+STX for 30 min or 24 h. Results of ab initio simulation showed that the interaction between SWCNT and SWCNT-COOH with STX occurs in a physisorption. The interaction of SWCNT+STX induced a decrease in cell viability. Cell proliferation was not affected in any treatment after 30 min or 24 h of exposure (p &gt; 0.05). Treatment with SWCNT-COOH induced high reactive oxygen species levels, an effect attenuated in SWCNT-COOH+STX treatment. In terms of cellular oxygen consumption, both CNTs when coexposed with STX antagonize the toxin effect. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the results obtained in vitro corroborate the semiempirical evidence found using density functional theory ab initio simulation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1728–1737. © 2016 SETAC
A Comparison Study of Fixed and Mixed Effect Models for Gene Level Association Studies of Complex Traits
Authors: Fan Ruzong , Chiu Chi‐yang , Jung Jeesun , Weeks Daniel E. , Wilson Alexander F. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Amos Christopher I. , Chen Zhen , Mills James L. , Xiong Momiao 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn association studies of complex traits, fixed‐effect regression models are usually used to test for association between traits and major gene loci. In recent years, variance‐component tests based on mixed models were developed for region‐based genetic variant association tests. In the mixed models, the association is tested by a null hypothesis of zero variance via a sequence kernel association test (SKAT), its optimal unified test (SKAT‐O), and a combined sum test of rare and common variant effect (SKAT‐C). Although there are some comparison studies to evaluate the performance of mixed and fixed models, there is no systematic analysis to determine when the mixed models perform better and when the fixed models perform better. Here we evaluated, based on extensive simulations, the performance of the fixed and mixed model statistics, using genetic variants located in 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 kb simulated regions. We compared the performance of three models: (i) mixed models that lead to SKAT, SKAT‐O, and SKAT‐C, (ii) traditional fixed‐effect additive models, and (iii) fixed‐effect functional regression models. To evaluate the type I error rates of the tests of fixed models, we generated genotype data by two methods: (i) using all variants, (ii) using only rare variants. We found that the fixed‐effect tests accurately control or have low false positive rates. We performed simulation analyses to compare power for two scenarios: (i) all causal variants are rare, (ii) some causal variants are rare and some are common. Either one or both of the fixed‐effect models performed better than or similar to the mixed models except when (1) the region sizes are 12 and 15 kb and (2) effect sizes are small. Therefore, the assumption of mixed models could be satisfied and SKAT/SKAT‐O/SKAT‐C could perform better if the number of causal variants is large and each causal variant contributes a small amount to the traits (i.e., polygenes). In major gene association studies, we argue that the fixed‐effect models perform better or similarly to mixed models in most cases because some variants should affect the traits relatively large. In practice, it makes sense to perform analysis by both the fixed and mixed effect models and to make a comparison, and this can be readily done using our R codes and the SKAT packages.
Inflammatory Markers and the Risk of Hip and Vertebral Fractures in Men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS)
Authors: Cauley Jane A , Barbour Kamil E , Harrison Stephanie L , Cloonan Yona K , Danielson Michelle E , Ensrud Kristine E , Fink Howard A , Orwoll Eric S , Boudreau Robert 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Cytokines play major roles in regulating bone remodeling, but their relationship to incident fractures in older men is uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that men with higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory markers have a higher risk of fracture. We used a case-cohort design and measured inflammatory markers in a random sample of 961 men and in men with incident fractures including 120 clinical vertebral, 117 hip, and 577 non-spine fractures; average follow-up 6.13 years (7.88 years for vertebral fractures). We measured interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), soluble receptors (SR) of IL-6 (IL-6SR) and TNF (TNFαSR1 and TNFαSR2), and IL-10. The risk of non-spine, hip, and clinical vertebral fracture was compared across quartiles (Q) of inflammatory markers using Cox proportional hazard models with tests for linear trend. In multivariable-adjusted models, men with the highest (Q4) TNFa cytokine concentrations and their receptors had a 2.0–4.2-fold higher risk of hip and clinical vertebral fracture than men with the lowest (Q1). Results were similar for all non-spine fractures, but associations were smaller. There was no association between CRP and IL-6SR and fracture. Men in the highest Q of IL-10 had a 49% lower risk of vertebral fracture compared with men in Q1. Among men with ≥3 inflammatory markers in the highest Q, the hazard ratio (HR) for hip fractures was 2.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–3.71) and for vertebral fracture 3.06 (1.66–5.63). The HRs for hip fracture were attenuated by 27%, 27%, and 15%, respectively, after adjusting for appendicular lean mass (ALM), disability, and bone density, suggesting mediating roles. ALM also attenuated the HR for vertebral fractures by 10%. There was no association between inflammation and rate of hip BMD loss. We conclude that inflammation may play an important role in the etiology of fractures in older men. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Comparison of three whole genome amplification methods for detection of genomic aberrations in single cells
Authors: Normand Elizabeth , Qdaisat Sadeem , Bi Weimin , Shaw Chad , Van den Veyver Ignatia , Beaudet Arthur , Breman Amy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveDetection of genomic copy number abnormalities in a single cell using array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) offers a promising non‐invasive alternative for prenatal diagnosis. Our objective was to compare three commercially available whole‐genome amplification (WGA) kits for their capacity to produce high quality DNA from single cells that is suitable for both molecular genotyping and array CGH.MethodsWe examined kit performance on unfixed, fixed and fixed/permeabilized lymphoblastoid cells. Molecular genotyping methods were used to evaluate the fidelity of amplified DNA for genomic profiling, while array CGH was used to assess copy number from single cells harboring trisomy 21, a DiGeorge syndrome deletion, a CMT1A duplication or a MECP2 duplication.ResultsMolecular genotyping was achieved from single cells but performance varied between WGA kits. Furthermore, we consistently detected a dosage difference in sex chromosomes for gender mismatched hybridizations and for chromosome 21 in trisomy 21 cells. The 2.5 Mb DiGeorge syndrome deletion was also detected using all three WGA platforms, whereas the 1.3 Mb CMT1A and the 0.6 Mb MECP2 duplications were not consistently detected.ConclusionThese data suggest that single cell molecular genotyping and copy number analysis can be accomplished when WGA conditions are optimized. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of ligand backbone substituents of nickel α‐diimine complexes on livingness/controllability of olefin polymerization: Competition between monomer isomerization and propagation
Authors: Sokolohorskyj Anatolij , Mundil Robert , Lederer Albena , Merna Jan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTFour α‐diimine nickel complexes [(ArNC(R) C(R)NAr)NiBr2; RH, CH3, cyclohexane‐1,2‐diyl, naphthalene‐1,8‐diyl, Ar2,6‐i‐Pr2‐C6H3‐) were investigated in propene and hex‐1‐ene polymerization to identify the limits of backbone substituent R size needed to provide living/controlled α‐olefins polymerization by the sufficient suppression of β–H elimination transfer. Propagation kinetics measurements, molar mass on monomer conversion dependencies and reinitiation tests were used to evaluate the livingness of hex‐1‐ene polymerization. Interestingly, living/controlled hex‐1‐ene polymerization was observed in the case of all diimine derivatives including the one bearing only hydrogen atom in backbone positions. Unexpectedly, in the case of catalysts bearing H and CH3 backbone substituents, we observed the unusual isomerization of hex‐1‐ene into internal hexenes in parallel with its polymerization. Nevertheless, by subtracting the amount of monomer consumed in isomerization side reaction, polymerization still keeps the features of living/controlled process. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3193–3202
Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Emotion Coaching in Families of Children and Adolescents with an Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Hurrell Katherine E. , Houwing Frances L. , Hudson Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUsing a multi-method approach, this study examined differences in parental meta-emotional philosophy (including, parental emotional awareness and emotion coaching) for families with anxiety disordered (AD; n = 74) and non-AD (n = 35) children (aged 7 to 15). Further, it was investigated whether children’s emotion regulation (ER) varied across the AD and non-AD groups. Parent(s) were interviewed about their awareness of emotions and emotion coaching; completed a battery of questionnaires that included a measure assessing children’s emotion regulation; and engaged in a parent-child discussion task. Results indicated that compared to parents of non-AD youth, parents of AD youth were less aware of their own emotions and their children’s emotions, and these results varied by emotion type. Parents of AD youth engaged in significantly less emotion coaching than parents of non-AD youth. AD youth were identified as having significantly greater difficulty regulating their emotions when compared to non-AD youth. Implications for the role of parental meta-emotional philosophy and AD youth’s emotion regulation are discussed.
Twenty-first century macro-trends in the institutional fabric of science: bibliometric monitoring and analysis
Authors: Tijssen Robert J. W. , Winnink Jos 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSome say that world science has become more ‘applied’, or at least more ‘application-oriented’, in recent years. Replacing the ill-defined distinction between ‘basic research’ and ‘applied research’, we introduce ‘research application orientation’ domains as an alternative conceptual and analytical framework for examining research output growth patterns. To distinguish possible developmental trajectories we define three institutional domains: ‘university’, ‘industry’, ‘hospitals’. Our macro-level bibliometric analysis takes a closer look at general trends within and across some 750 of the world’s largest research-intensive universities. To correct for database changes, our time-series analysis was applied to both a fixed journal set (same research journals and conference proceedings over time) and a dynamic journal set (changing set of publication outlets). We find that output growth in the ‘hospital research orientation’ has significantly outpaced the other two application domains, especially since 2006/2007. This happened mainly because of the introduction of new publication outlets in the WoS, but also partially because some universities—especially in China—seem to have become more visible in this domain. Our analytical approach needs further broadening and deepening to provide a more definitive answer whether hospitals and the medical sector are becoming increasingly dominant as a domain of scientific knowledge production and an environment for research applications.
Long time behavior for a dissipative shallow water model
Authors: Sciacca V. , Schonbek M.E. , Sammartino M. 
Published: July 2016

We consider the two-dimensional shallow water model derived in [29], describing the motion of an incompressible fluid, confined in a shallow basin, with varying bottom topography. We construct the approximate inertial manifolds for the associated dynamical system and estimate its order. Finally, working in the whole space

\mathbb{R}^{2}

, under suitable conditions on the time dependent forcing term, we prove the

L^{2}

asymptotic decay of the weak solutions.

Résumé

Nous considérons le modèle d'eau peu profonde à deux dimensions dérivé dans [29], décrivant le mouvement d'un fluide incompressible, confinèe dans un bassin peu profond, avec topographie du fond variable. Nous construisons des variétés inertielles approximatives pour le système dynamique associé et nous estimons son ordre. Finalement, pour le espace

\mathbb{R}^{2}

avec des conditions appropriées pour la force, nous prouvons la

L^{2}

décroissance asymptotique des solutions faibles.
A critical literature review of the effectiveness of various instruments in the diagnosis of dementia in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Elliott‐King Jordan , Shaw Sarah , Bandelow Stephan , Devshi Rajal , Kassam Shelina , Hogervorst Eef 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, there is no consensus on dementia diagnostics in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). There are three types of assessments available: direct cognitive tests, test batteries, and informant reports.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in four databases yielding 9840 records. Relevant studies were identified and selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and then coded and classified according to assessment type. This was completed by two independent researchers, with a third consulted when discrepancies arose. The review collates diagnostic instruments and presents strengths and weaknesses.ResultsOverall 47 studies met the search criteria, and 43 instruments were extracted from the selected studies. Of which, 10 instruments were classified as test batteries, 23 were classified as direct cognitive tests, and the remaining 10 were informant reports.DiscussionThis review can recommend that cognitive test batteries can offer the most practical and efficient method for dementia diagnosis in individuals with ID.
Relation Between Erectile Dysfunction and Silent Myocardial Ischemia in Diabetic Patients: A Multidetector Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiographic Study
Authors: Abdelhamed Amr , Hisasue Shin-ichi , Nada Essam A. , Kassem Ali M. , Abdel-Kareem Mohammed , Horie Shigeo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) can precede coronary artery disease. In addition, silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is more common in diabetic patients and is a strong predictor of cardiac events and death.

Aim
To evaluate the presence of SMI in patients with diabetes and ED using multidetector computed tomographic coronary angiography (MDCT-CA).

Methods
This study evaluated patients with diabetes and ED without any history of cardiac symptoms or signs. Erectile function was evaluated with the Sexual Health Inventory for Men score, erection hardness score (EHS), and maximal penile circumferential change by an erectometer. MDCT-CA was used for the detection of coronary artery stenosis.

Main Outcome Measures
Sexual Health Inventory for Men score, EHS, maximal penile circumferential change, and coronary artery stenosis by MDCT-CA.

Results
Of 20 patients (mean age = 61.45 ± 10.7 years), MDCT-CA showed coronary artery stenosis in 13 (65%) in the form of one-vessel disease (n = 6, 30%), two-vessel disease (n = 2, 10%), and three-vessel disease (n = 5, 25%). Fifty percent of patients showed at least 50% vessel lumen obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery, which was the most commonly affected vessel (55%). Fifteen percent (3 of 20) of patients had greater than 90% stenosis, and two of them underwent an immediate coronary angioplasty with stenting to prevent myocardial infarction. Maximum coronary artery stenosis was positively correlated with age (P = 0.016, r = 0.529) and negatively correlated with EHS (P = .046, r = −0.449). Multivariate regression analysis using age and EHS showed that age was the only independent predictor of SMI (P = .04).

Conclusion
MDCT-CA can be a useful tool to identify SMI in diabetic patients with ED, especially in those of advanced age and/or with severe ED.