bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type and Distribution of Gross Motor Activity During Physical Therapy in Young Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Prosser Laura A , Paremski Athylia C , Skorup Julie , Alcott Morgan , Pierce Samuel R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Physical therapists routinely deliver and prescribe motor practice to improve function. The ability to select optimal practice regimens is limited by a current lack of detail in the measurement of motor practice. The objective of this study was to quantify the type, amount, and timing of gross motor practice during physical therapist sessions.

Methods
A secondary video coding analysis of physical therapist sessions from the iMOVE clinical trial (NCT02340026) in young children with cerebral palsy (CP) was conducted. The 37 children who completed the treatment phase were included (mean age = 22.1 months). Children could initiate pulling to stand but were unable to walk. Videos of randomly selected therapy sessions were coded for gross motor activity (422 videos total). The 10 gross motor activity codes included lying, sitting, four point, crawling, kneeling, knee walking, standing, walking, transitions between floor postures, and transitions to/from an upright posture. Twenty percent of each video was double coded for reliability. Time per session, number of bouts, and median time per bout were calculated for each gross motor activity and for 2 aggregate measures: movement time and upright time.

Results
Participants spent more than half of therapy time in sitting and standing combined (60.3%). Transitions occurred more frequently than any other motor activity (49.3 total transitions per session). Movement time accounted for 16.3% of therapy time. Upright time accounted for 53.3% of therapy time.

Conclusions
Critical practice time to gain motor skill is not equivalent to chronological time or time spent in therapy. Toddlers with CP spent a small amount of therapy time moving. Future work should explore the relations between motor practice and rehabilitation outcomes.

Impact
Physical therapists are ideally suited to detail the content of motor practice and ultimately to prescribe optimal patterns of motor practice. We report the characteristics of gross motor practice during therapy in children with CP.
Impact of high rheumatoid factor levels on treatment outcomes with certolizumab pegol and adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Smolen Josef S , Taylor Peter C , Tanaka Yoshiya , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Hashimoto Motomu , Cara Carlos , Lauwerys Bernard , Tilt Nicola , Ufuktepe Baran , Xavier Ricardo M , Balsa Alejandro , Curtis Jeffrey R , Mikuls Ted R , Weinblatt Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the impact of baseline RF level on drug concentrations and efficacy of certolizumab pegol [CZP; TNF inhibitor (TNFi) without a crystallizable fragment (Fc)] and adalimumab (ADA; Fc-containing TNFi) in patients with RA.

Methods
The phase 4 EXXELERATE study (NCT01500278) was a 104-week, randomized, single-blind (double-blind until week 12; investigator-blind thereafter), head-to-head study of CZP vs ADA in patients with RA. In this post hoc analysis, we report drug concentration and efficacy outcomes stratified by baseline RF quartile (≤Q3 or &gt;Q3).

Results
Baseline data by RF quartiles were available for 453 CZP-randomized and 454 ADA-randomized patients (≤Q3: ≤204 IU/ml; &gt;Q3: &gt;204 IU/ml). From week 12, the area under the curve (AUC) of ADA concentration was lower in patients with RF &gt;204 IU/ml vs patients with RF ≤204 IU/ml; the AUC of CZP concentration was similar in patients with RF ≤204 IU/ml and &gt;204 IU/ml. For patients with RF ≤204 IU/ml, disease activity score (DAS28)-CRP was similar between CZP- and ADA-treated patients through week 104. For patients with RF &gt;204 IU/ml, mean DAS28-CRP was lower in CZP- vs ADA-treated patients at week 104. The proportion of patients with RF &gt;204 IU/ml achieving DAS28-CRP low disease activity at week 104 was greater in CZP- vs ADA-treated patients.

Conclusion
CZP was associated with maintained drug concentration and efficacy in patients with RA and high RF and may therefore be a more suitable therapeutic option than TNFis with an Fc fragment in these patients.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01500278
Evaluating CA-125 and PET/CT for cancer detection in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Wang XingYao , Albayda Jemima , Paik Julie J , Tiniakou Eleni , Adler Brittany , Mammen Andrew L , Christopher-Stine Lisa , Mecoli Christopher A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CA-125 and PET/CT in detecting cancer among adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of a single-centre cohort of adult IIM patients enrolled from 2003 to 2020. Data on CA-125 and PET/CT tests conducted within five years of IIM symptom onset were extracted from electronic medical records. The outcomes assessed included true-positive, false-positive, true-negative and false-negative results.

Results
Among 1432 patients with IIM, 250 CA-125 tests were conducted on 205 patients within the first five years of symptom onset, yielding a false-positive rate of 3.1% and a false-negative rate of 14.3%. Most false-positives were associated with endometriosis or uterine fibroids, but additional medical procedures were often carried out to investigate the false-positive results. For PET/CT, 149 tests were performed on 139 patients, resulting in a false-positive rate of 5.5% and a false-negative rate of 28.6%. Lymphadenopathy and lung nodules were the predominant causes of false-positives, while melanoma, low-stage breast cancer and prostate cancer were the most frequent cancers missed (false-negatives).

Conclusion
False-positive and false-negative results are prevalent in cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and PET/CT testing for adult patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Understanding the causes of these inaccuracies can aid clinicians in making informed decisions during patient care.
Association between interleukin-12 p40 subunit and risk of primary Sjögren’s disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zuckerman Benjamin P , Yang Zijing , Warwick Alasdair , Wincup Chris , Russell Mark D , Galloway James B , Zhao Sizheng Steven 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
IL-12 signalling was proposed in the immunopathogenesis of primary Sjögren’s disease. The efficacy of therapies targeting this pathway is currently unclear. Herein, we investigated the associations between circulating proteins involved in the IL-12 and IL-23 signalling pathways on primary Sjögren’s disease using Mendelian randomization.

Methods
We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms from protein quantitative trait loci of IL12A, IL12B, IL12Rβ1, IL12Rβ2 and IL23R to examine the association between alterations in their levels and risk of primary Sjögren’s disease. Genetic association data for proteins were taken from studies ranging from 3301 to 54 306 in sample size, and from 3232 cases of primary Sjögren’s disease and 17 481 controls. The Wald ratio or inverse variance weighted methods estimated causal effects. We applied colocalization and pleiotropy-robust methods as sensitivity analyses for confounding.

Results
There was a negative association between genetically predicted IL-12p40 (encoded by IL12B) and primary Sjögren’s disease. In the two independent exposure datasets odds ratio (OR), 0.79 (95% CI 0.68–0.93; P-value = 0.004) and OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.78–0.95; P-value = 0.003) per S.D. decrease in genetically predicted IL-12p40. Neither IL-12Rβ2 nor IL-23R met the threshold P-value after Mendelian randomization analyses (P-value &lt; 0.01) for colocalization assessment. No variants for the IL12A gene met prerequisite thresholds for weak instrument bias.

Conclusion
This study provides genetic evidence that IL-12p40 has a causal role in primary Sjögren’s disease pathogenesis. Our data suggest that decreasing levels of IL-12p40 may be deleterious. We would not suggest selecting this drug target as a therapeutic option.
An fMRI study on alexithymia and affective state recognition in the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test
Authors: Gosch Sophie , Puhlmann Lara M C , Lauckner Mark E , Förster Katharina , Kanske Philipp , Wiesmann Charlotte Grosse , Preckel Katrin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recognizing others’ affective states is essential for successful social interactions. Alexithymia, characterized by difficulties in identifying and describing one’s own emotions, has been linked to deficits in recognizing emotions and mental states in others. To investigate how neural correlates of affective state recognition are affected by different facets of alexithymia, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study with 53 healthy participants (aged 19–36 years, 51% female) using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and three different measures of alexithymia [Toronto Structured Interview for Alexithymia (TSIA), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and Bermond–Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire]. In addition, we examined brain activity during the RMET and replicated previous findings with task-related brain activation in the inferior frontal and temporal gyri, as well as the insula. No association was found between alexithymia and behavioral performance in the RMET, possibly due to the low number of participants with high alexithymia levels. Region of interest based analyses revealed no associations between alexithymia and amygdala or insula activity during the RMET. At the whole-brain level, both a composite alexithymia score and the unique variance of the alexithymia interview (TSIA) were associated with greater activity in visual processing areas during the RMET. This may indicate that affective state recognition performance in alexithymia relies on a higher compensatory activation in visual areas.
Mechanistic insights into Retama raetam’s anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in A549 lung cancer cells: targeting PI3K/Akt pathway and ROS production
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Seyed Mohamed Ali , Panneerselvam Chellasamy , Sayed Samy M , Shukry Mustafa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-cancer effects of the tropical desert plant Retama raetam (R. raetam) on the A549 NSCLC cell line. The research examined R. raetam's anti-proliferative effects, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell morphology in NSCLC A549 and L-132 cells. In addition, the influence of R. raetam on DNA fragmentation, apoptotic signaling, and PI3K/Akt pathways for its anti-cancer mechanism was examined. Our results indicated that R. raetam's effects were dose- and time-dependent to exhibit anti-proliferative effects on A549 cells. R. raetam treatment promoted apoptotic cell death cycle arrest, increased apoptotic cells, depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, and induced morphological alterations in cells and nuclei. It also inhibited A549 cell migration (P &lt; 0.05), colonization, and invasiveness. Moreover, the study demonstrated that R. raetam treatment resulted in the upregulation of Bax expression, downregulation of Bcl-2 expression, and apoptotic fragmented DNA in A549 cells. The top five bioactive compounds derived from R. raetam exhibited molecular interactions that inhibit PIK3CA and AKT1. This inhibition leads to an increased frequency of apoptosis and subsequent death of cancer cells. Additionally, R. raetam extract induced an increase in ROS formation and cytochrome c levels, indicating that its toxic effects on A549 cells involve both ROS-dependent cytotoxicity through the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential ΔΨm and ROS-independent cell cycle arrest through downregulation BCL-2, PARP, E-Cadherin, PI3K, and Akt expressions pathways.
Clinical-radiomics combination model for predicting the short-term efficacy of bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Zhang Tianyou , Mo Zijun , Huang Jiayu , Wang Jun , Tao Yiran , Ye Lei , Zhong Wenwen , Yao Bing , Qu Hu , Ma Bo , Wang Dejuan , Mo Jiahui , Ye Chunwei , Zhu Junying , Qiu Jianguang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate (B-TUEP) is a well-established surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); however, its efficacy may vary depending on patient characteristics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with radiomics analysis can offer comprehensive and quantitative information about prostate characteristics that may relate to surgical outcomes. This study aimed to explore the value of MRI and radiomics analysis in predicting the short-term efficacy of B-TUEP for BPH.

Materials and methods
A total of 137 patients with BPH who underwent B-TUEP at 2 institutions were included. Radiological features were measured in the MRIs, and the radiomics score was developed from 1702 radiomics features extracted from the prostate and transitional zone regions of interest. Three prediction models were developed and validated based on clinical-radiological features, radiomic features, and their combinations. The models were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.

Results
The combination model exhibited the highest area under curve in both the training set (0.838) and the external validation set (0.802), indicating superior predictive performance and robustness. Furthermore, the combination model demonstrated good calibration (p > 0.05) and optimal clinical utility. The combination model indicated that a higher maximum urine flow rate, lower transitional zone index, and higher radiomics score were associated with an increased risk of poor efficacy.

Conclusions
Magnetic resonance imaging with radiomic analysis can offer valuable insights for predicting the short-term efficacy of B-TUEP in patients with BPH. A combination model based on clinical and radiomics features can assist urologists in making more precise clinical decisions.
White-coat effect and masked hypertension in patients with high-normal office blood pressure: results of the Hungarian ABPM Registry
Authors: Nemcsik János , Takács Johanna , Kekk Zsófia , Farsang Csaba , Simon Attila , Páll Dénes , Torzsa Péter , Dolgos Szilveszter , Habony Norbert , Koller Ákos , Pásztor Dorottya , Járai Zoltán 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Blood pressure (BP) lowering therapy in hypertension can markedly reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In case of high-normal office blood pressure (oBP), the initiation of antihypertensive medication is recommended by guidelines in patients with very high cardiovascular risk. The aims of this study were to evaluate the presence of white-coat high-normal BP (WhHNBP) and masked hypertension in high-normal oBP and to explore the prevalence of untreated very high cardiovascular risk patients.

Methods:
Data of the Hungarian Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) Registry between September 2020 and November 2023 were used in our analysis.

Results:
From 38 720 uploaded ABPM curves with clinical data, 4300 individuals were categorized as having high-normal oBP. Among those, 3285 (76.4%) were on antihypertensive treatment. Based on the ABPM recordings, high-normal BP was confirmed in 20.5% (n = 881), while WhHNBP was present in 27.6% (n = 1188) and masked hypertension in 51.9% (n = 2231). Similar results were found in treated and untreated subjects or patients as well. Independent predictors of WhHNBP were age [odds ratio (OR) 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02), P < 0.001], female sex [OR: 1.59 (1.32–1.92), P < 0.001] and snoring [OR: 0.70 (0.57–0.86), P < 0.001]. Independent predictors of masked hypertension were male sex [OR: 1.31 (1.12–1.54), P < 0.001] and obesity [OR: 1.71 (1.39–2.09), P < 0.001]. Five hundred and two individuals had very high cardiovascular risk with high-normal oBP and only 25 of them were untreated.

Conclusion:
In high-normal oBP, WhHNBP or masked hypertension is present in three out of four individuals. Most of the patients with high-normal oBP and very high cardiovascular risk are already treated with antihypertensive drugs.
Assessing Radiation Fallout in Public Zones near the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS): A Recent Study
Authors: Nangeelil Krishnakumar Divakar , Searcy Haven , Parker Beverly , Sun Zaijing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive radiological study was conducted in the surrounding public zones of the Nevada National Security Site to identify traces of resuspended radioactivity and heavy elemental contamination that might have resulted from various activities. The study used passive and active nuclear methods, specifically gamma spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis, respectively. Passive gamma spectra analysis of air filter papers from various Community Environmental Monitoring Program stations conclusively verified the presence of radionuclides exclusively originating from the natural decay series of 238U and 232Th. Furthermore, gamma spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis of plant samples from surrounding areas of the Nevada National Security Site revealed the absence of any unusual elemental contamination in the environment. These results demonstrated that there was no measurable radiological impact on the public zones surrounding the site resulting from the spread of radioactive materials or toxic heavy metals associated with previous or ongoing activities at Nevada National Security Site. Therefore, the safety of public zones concerning retained radioactivity and harmful elemental contamination arising from Nevada National Security Site operations is negligible. The significance of this study is further pronounced in the current geopolitical context, as it establishes the baseline elemental composition for various desert plants for future reference.
Do not forget about transplant patients during disasters
Authors: Hommos Musab S. , Brown Ashlyn , Trollinger Brandon , Sekkarie Mohamed , Alasfar Sami 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
The frequency of natural disasters and man-made conflicts has risen significantly in the past two decades, coinciding with an increase in kidney transplant recipients globally. This review addresses the critical need for disaster preparedness to mitigate the severe impacts on this vulnerable patient cohort.

Recent findings
Kidney transplant recipients are highly dependent on robust healthcare infrastructures for ongoing care, including specialized medical staff, advanced diagnostics, and a consistent supply of immunosuppressive medications. Disasters disrupt these essential services, leading to increased risks of organ rejection, infections, and other medical complications. Strategies at various levels, from government to individual patients, can help maintain care continuity during such crises.

Summary
Effective disaster preparedness plans involving strategic medication stockpiling, emergency communication systems, and patient education are crucial to support kidney transplant recipients. By implementing these measures, healthcare systems can better protect the health and well being of transplant patients during and after disasters.
Current developments in prehabilitation in urologic oncology
Authors: Petersen Erin , Cavanaugh Dana , Psutka Sarah P. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Prehabilitation describes interventions that are undertaken prior to a major surgical or medical intervention with the objective of improving functional capability with the goal of improving candidacy for therapy, bolstering one's ability to withstand treatment-associated toxicity, functional decline, and facilitating accelerated recovery. The objective of this review is to detail the key tenets of prehabilitation, synthesize contemporary advances in prehabilitation science within Urologic Oncology, and discuss key methodologic trial design considerations salient to future prehabilitation investigations.

Recent findings
Contemporary prehabilitation clinical trials have primarily evaluated unimodal interventions aiming to improve functional capacity across the domains of physical exercise, nutrition, and cognition with heightened interest in evaluating multimodal interventions addressing two or more domains. Recent investigations have have demonstrated variable improvements in strength, balance, physical function, and quality of life with preoperative exercise. Although presurgical immunonutrition showed promise in other fields, initial results in uro-oncology have not demonstrated reductions in complications nor improvements in early survival. Emerging data supports the potential of multimodal prehabilitation programs to offer more comprehensive benefits, improving functional outcomes, reducing length of stay, and supporting improved recovery.

Summary
To date, early prehabilitation studies in patients undergoing surgery for genitourinary malignancies have demonstrated variable ability to facilitate gains in functional capacity and perioperative outcomes. Key issues have arisen including the need to ensure that interventions are pragmatic, scalable, feasible, and acceptable in these populations that often also have a high prevalence of coincident multimorbidity, frailty, and mental health concerns that can increase risk of adverse outcomes after surgery. The integration of personalized prehabilitation strategies as extensions of perioperative enhanced recovery after surgery protocols, supportive care and survivorship paradigms offers of promise to further engage patients in their care, enhance patient resilience and outcomes, while reducing treatment burden in urologic oncology.
Multilevel Drivers of Congenital Syphilis, Oregon, 2013 to 2021
Authors: Menza Tim W. , Zlot Amy , Gonzalez-Pena Yuritzy , Cicognani Cedric , Pearson Shelley , Li Jennifer , Garai Jillian 
Published: September 2024

Background
Despite the availability of curative penicillin treatment for syphilis during pregnancy, congenital syphilis (CS) cases have surged in the United States, including in Oregon.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of individual- and county-level predictors of CS among pregnant people with syphilis in Oregon from 2013 to 2021. Data were collated from surveillance reports, County Health Rankings, and other sources with upstream county-level data. We used multilevel Poisson regression models to assess associations between CS and individual- and county-level factors.

Results
Among 343 people with syphilis during pregnancy, 95 (27.6%) were associated with a case of CS. At the individual level, a history of injection drug use and a history of corrections involvement were associated with an increased risk of CS, whereas a recent gonorrhea diagnosis was associated with a decreased risk of CS. County-level violent crime rate, unemployment, income inequality, and adverse childhood experiences increased the risk of CS. Higher county-level socioenvironmental challenges exacerbated CS risk, particularly among people with corrections involvement.

Conclusions
Injection drug use, corrections involvement, and county-level socioenvironmental challenges increased CS risk among pregnant people with syphilis in Oregon. Urgent interventions are needed, including innovative care models, policy reforms targeting systemic issues, and enhanced collaboration with community services to address the escalating CS crisis.