bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time non-invasive control of ultrasound hyperthermia using high-frequency ultrasonic backscattered energy in ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal studies
Authors: Nguyen Michael , Agarwal Ayushi , Kumaradas J Carl , Kolios Michael C , Peyman Gholam , Tavakkoli Jahangir (Jahan) 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. A reliable, calibrated, non-invasive thermometry method is essential for thermal therapies to monitor and control the treatment. Ultrasound (US) is an effective thermometry modality due to its relatively high sensitivity to temperature changes, and fast data acquisition and processing capabilities. Approach. In this work, the change in backscattered energy (CBE) was used to control the tissue temperature non-invasively using a real-time proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. A clinical high-frequency US scanner was used to acquire radio-frequency echo data from ex vivo porcine tissue samples and in vivo mice hind leg tissue while the tissue was treated with mild hyperthermia by a focused US applicator. The PID controller maintained the focal temperature at approximately 40 °C for about 4 min. Main results. The results show that the US thermometry based on CBE estimated by a high-frequency US scanner can produce 2D temperature maps of a localized heating region and to estimate the focal temperature during mild hyperthermia treatments. The CBE estimated temperature varied by an average of ±0.85 °C and ±0.97 °C, compared to a calibrated thermocouple, in ex vivo and in vivo studies, respectively. The mean absolute deviations of CBE thermometry during the controlled hyperthermia treatment were ±0.45 °C and ±0.54 °C in ex vivo and in vivo, respectively. Significance. It is concluded that non-invasive US thermometry via backscattered energies at high frequencies can be used for real-time monitoring and control of hyperthermia treatments with acceptable accuracy. This provides a foundation for an US mediated drug delivery system.
Quantum algorithms for scientific computing
Authors: Au-Yeung R , Camino B , Rathore O , Kendon V 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Quantum computing promises to provide the next step up in computational power for diverse application areas. In this review, we examine the science behind the quantum hype, and the breakthroughs required to achieve true quantum advantage in real world applications. Areas that are likely to have the greatest impact on high performance computing (HPC) include simulation of quantum systems, optimization, and machine learning. We draw our examples from electronic structure calculations and computational fluid dynamics which account for a large fraction of current scientific and engineering use of HPC. Potential challenges include encoding and decoding classical data for quantum devices, and mismatched clock speeds between classical and quantum processors. Even a modest quantum enhancement to current classical techniques would have far-reaching impacts in areas such as weather forecasting, aerospace engineering, and the design of ‘green’ materials for sustainable development. This requires significant effort from the computational science, engineering and quantum computing communities working together.
Bandgap estimation and broadening of piezoelectric metamaterial beams undergoing longitudinal vibration
Authors: Wang Y , Wang K F , Wang B L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the realm of acoustic metamaterials, two crucial challenges have attracted significant interests: (1) How to predict the bandgap range fast and accurately? (2) How to achieve a broader bandgap at a relatively low cost? This paper addresses these challenges by analyzing a type of piezoelectric (PZT) metamaterial beams comprising unit cells with sub-cells undergoing longitudinal vibration. The longitudinal bandgap estimation relationship based on the effective medium theory is proposed for the first time to estimate the bandgap range of PZT metamaterial beams with unit cells containing sub-cells, and verified with the transfer matrix method. Moreover, novel methods are introduced to construct graded PZT metamaterial beams by combining different sub-cells within a single cell. The proposed graded PZT metamaterial beams occupy significantly less space than conventional graded counterparts and exhibit wider longitudinal bandgaps compared to uniform PZT metamaterial beams.
Optical aspects of Born-Infeld BTZ black holes in massive gravity
Authors: Sultan Muhammad Danish , Chaudhary Shahid , Malik Adnan , Alam M M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We explore the dynamics of thin accretion disks, the radius of black hole shadows, observed intensities, and the visual characteristics of Born-Infeld BTZ black holes in massive gravity. We find out the relations for angular velocity, specific energy, and angular momentum of particles around the black hole. We observe that intense Born-Infeld electromagnetic effects lead to a reduction in the rotational motion of particles within the accretion disk, and the massive gravity slows down the orbital motion of these particles. We reveal that the influence of massive gravity parameter correlates with a reduction in the black hole’s shadow size, which suggests that massive gravity effects intensify the gravitational fields, thereby reducing the angular diameter of the shadows. On the other hand, a higher Born-Infeld parameter enlarges the black hole’s shadow, which manifests a visual relationship between the black hole’s physical dimensions and its gravitational influence. Moreover, we also uncover the optical characteristics of Born-Infeld BTZ black holes, which show that the Born-Infeld parameter greatly influences the electromagnetic field around the black hole, which affects energy distribution in the space. Finally, we observe that massive gravity significantly influences the spacetime structure near black holes, which is crucial for grasping gravitational lensing and the dynamics of accretion disks under such extreme conditions.
Unveiling Doppler effects and charge phenomena in the elastic scattering of keV electrons on polystyrene
Authors: Dapor Maurizio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recoil energy is a phenomenon that is observed in various spectroscopy experiments. Elastic Peak Electron Spectroscopy (also known as Electron Compton Scattering) studies the shape of the elastic peak resulting from electron scattering from solid targets. As the atoms move around their equilibrium position, they scatter the distribution of recoil energies, resulting in a broadening of the elastic peak known as Doppler broadening. Since the hydrogen peak has the largest recoil energy shifts due to the low mass of hydrogen, Elastic Peak Electron Spectroscopy is ideal for the detection of hydrogen. The most important aspects of this method for the detection of hydrogen include electron-induced hydrogen desorption and, in dielectric materials, charge phenomena. This work focuses on the elastic peak spectra of keV electrons impinging on polystyrene, with particular interest in the changes in line shape due to the Doppler effect and surface charge during electron irradiation.
Scalar Quasi-Normal Modes of a loop quantum black hole
Authors: Livine Etera R. , Montagnon Clara , Oshita Naritaka , Roussille Hugo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe compute the Quasi-Normal Mode (QNM) frequencies for scalar perturbations for modified Schwarzschild black holes in Loop Quantum Gravity. We study the singularity-free polymerized metric characterized by two parameters encoding loop quantum effects: the minimal area gapa0and the polymeric deformation parameterP. We perform numerical computations using Leaver's continued fraction method and compare our results to other semi-analytical methods and existing literature. We study the effects on the QNM spectrum of variation of both deformation parameters and systematically compare to the standard Schwarzschild case. In particular we find that the scalar fundamental mode is modified from the third decimal for values ofPin accordance with the most recent astrophysical constraints. We also show that qualitative differences arise for highly damped modes: on the one hand, a new crossing of the imaginary axis occurs for high values ofa0and, on the other hand, increasingPproduces a positive shift of the real part and an increase of the spacing in imaginary part between modes.
Evaluation of SPARC divertor conditions in H-mode operation using SOLPS-ITER
Authors: Lore Jeremy D. , Park Jae-Sun , Eich Thomas , Kuang Adam Q. , Reinke Matthew L. , De Pascuale Sebastian , Lomanowski Bart , Creely Alex , Canik John M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The predicted divertor conditions for the SPARC tokamak are calculated using SOLPS-ITER for a range of scrape-off-layer (SOL) heat flux widths λ

q
, input powers, and particle fueling locations. Under H-mode scenario conditions with an upstream separatrix density of 1

×

10

20

m−3, the most conservative range of λ

q
extrapolations (

≈

0.15 mm) results in extremely high unmitigated particle and energy fluxes to the divertor, both under full field (12.2 T) and power (

P

SOL

= 29 MW) conditions, and 2/3 field with

P

SOL

= 10 MW. Increasing the cross-field SOL diffusivities by 2–10× reduces the magnitude of the mitigation challenge, however strategies such as impurity seeding or strike-point-sweeping will likely still be required.
A combination of steady-state and time-dependent SOLPS-ITER simulations are used to map out phase space diagrams of upstream and divertor conditions. The simulations include parallel currents but neglect cross-field drifts. At low upstream density the inner and outer divertor conditions are highly asymmetric, with a large temperature difference and significant heat fluxes driven by parallel currents. The solution has sharp bifurcations with a region of hysteresis, depending on whether the initial state is at a low or high density. This behavior is observed even when the fueling location, cross-field diffusivity, and impurity level is changed, although the density window with asymmetry is reduced with increasing diffusivity. The addition of neon impurity seeding reduces the divertor heat fluxes, but also causes a drop in the upstream electron density with fixed particle throughput. This drop can be counteracted by increased main ion throughput, however too much neon results in a back transition into the asymmetric divertor regimes suggesting a need for control of both main ion and impurity seeding levels to achieve a desired divertor state.
High precision phase difference calculation based on adaptive mixed-radix All-phase FFT for Tokamak plasma electron density measurement
Authors: Shu Shuangbao , Lai Jin , Wang Yong , Liu Shanlin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In many Tokamak devices, laser interferometers, such as HCN,
DCN, CO2, etc, are employed to measure the plasma electron density
by calculating the phase difference between the reference signal and
the detector signal. This paper proposes an adaptive All-phase fast
Fourier transform (Ap-FFT) method in the electronic density of the
plasma. And analyze the reasons why the multi-frequency measurement
phase is inaccurate. The proposed method can reduce the accuracy of
phase calculation by adjusting the conversion length and mixed-radix
to reduce the spectrum leakage and grid effect. At the same time,
the experimental data verifies the correctness of the calculation
results of this method, and it shows that the measurement
uncertainty of the method is 10% higher than the 1024-point Ap-FFT,
and 15% higher than the 1024-point FFT. This method can be
effectively applied to the measurement of the electronic density of
an ionic plasma for plasma and provides a valuable reference for
other phase detection systems and equipment.
Salinity stress and atmospheric dryness co-limit evapotranspiration in a subtropical monsoonal estuarine mangrove wetland
Authors: Wang Xiangxue , Zhu Xudong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Physiological drought stresses induced by high salinity and atmospheric dryness exert negative effects on mangrove growth by constraining surface conductance (Gs) and evapotranspiration (ET). However, accurate assessments of mangrove vulnerability under changing climate are hindered by limited understanding of the relative importance of these drought stresses. To close this knowledge gap, we utilized the eddy covariance approach to acquire a 7 year (2017–2023) time series of ET and auxiliary measurements over a subtropical monsoonal estuarine mangrove in southeast China, aiming to examine the temporal patterns of mangrove ET across time scales and its environmental controls, in particular for drought stresses. The results indicated that (a) over the study period, mangrove ET showed strong temporal variations at diurnal and seasonal scales, which were strongly correlated with photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD); (b) the seasonality of mangrove ET followed the changes in monthly air temperature and rainfall, reflecting the temporal pattern of typical monsoonal climate; (c) both increasing salinity and VPD were found to significantly constrain mangrove Gs when salinity and VPD were decoupled; (d) the variability of rainfall exerted a similar constraining effect on mangrove Gs, with annual maximum sustained rainfall accounting for 65% of the inter-annual variability of ET. These findings suggest that salinity stress (or less rainfall) and atmospheric dryness co-limit the temporal variability of ET in subtropical monsoonal mangroves. Future climate change with warmer air temperatures (negative effect) and more extreme rainfall (positive effect) could counteract each other in affecting mangrove ET.
Mato Grosso’s rainy season: past, present, and future trends justify immediate action
Authors: Commar Luiz Felipe Sant’Anna , Louzada Lucas , Costa Marcos Heil , Brumatti Livia Maria , Abrahão Gabriel Medeiros 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mato Grosso (MT) state, the agricultural giant of Brazil, owes its success to the long rainy season that has allowed for the extensive adoption of double cropping, elevating the region to one of the world’s leading grain producers. However, recent studies warn of the adverse impacts of deforestation and climate variability, which are causing a decrease in rainfall and a delay in the rainy season onset. These changes pose significant threats to both ecosystems and intensive agriculture. To assess these threats, we compared past and present rainfall and rainy season duration in MT and conducted robust climate projections using climate simulations forced by realistic deforestation scenarios. Our analysis of observed rainfall data from the past four decades and Community Earth System Model simulations affirmed a worrying trend of decreasing rainfall volumes, delayed rainy season onset, and shorter rainy season length. Climate projections indicate that this pattern will intensify, with onsets expected in late October and rainy season durations shorter than 200 d by mid-century. These findings underscore the potential impact on MT’s double-cropping system, a cornerstone of the region’s agricultural success, and emphasize the urgent need for sustainable large-scale agricultural practices and strategic interventions by regional decision-makers to mitigate agricultural losses and ecosystem degradation.
On set of p-adic Gibbs measures for the countable state 1D SOS model
Authors: Khakimov Otabek , Mukhamedov Farrukh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Previous studies mainly focused on the p-adic Potts model with countable spin values, demonstrating that this model has only one p-adic Gibbs measure. Furthermore, it was shown that the model exhibits a phase transition in the set of generalized Gibbs measures. A challenge remained to find a countable spin p-adic model where the set of all p-adic Gibbs measures would include at least two elements. In this paper, we have examined the one-dimensional p-adic SOS model and demonstrated that the set of all p-adic Gibbs measures has continuum cardinality. This phenomenon has not been observed in countable state p-adic Potts models. Our result addresses the aforementioned problem affirmatively. To establish this finding, we employed a p-adic dynamical system related to the p-adic Gibbs measure through the renormalization group technique. Our analysis confirms the occurrence of a phase transition for the model in question.
Fluorescence scattering under the Stokes–Mueller formalism determines the orientational distribution of fluorophores and the nature of optically active biological proteins
Authors: Zaffar Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the current paper, we represent intrinsic fluorescence anisotropies as four-dimensional normalized Stokes vectors defined by the maximum excitation and emission in the fluorescence process with respect to linear, linear-45 and circular polarizations of light. Depending upon the transition moments for absorption/excitation and emission of fluorophores, eight types of these Stokes vectors can be realized from the Mueller fluorescence matrix of the system. These Stokes vectors probe the orientational distribution of fluorophores and predict the nature of optically active biological proteins, whether laevorotatory or dextrorotatory. The orthogonality relation between the Stokes vectors corresponding to the excitation and emission processes of fluorescence connects the molecular ground and excited states of biological and non-biological systems.
A contemporary systematic review of cyberinfrastructure systems and applications for flood and drought data analytics and communication
Authors: Yeşilköy Serhan , Baydaroğlu Özlem , Singh Nikhil , Sermet Yusuf , Demir Ibrahim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hydrometeorological disasters, including floods and droughts, have intensified in both frequency and severity in recent years. This trend underscores the critical role of timely monitoring, accurate forecasting, and effective warning systems in facilitating proactive responses. Today’s information systems offer a vast and intricate mesh of data, encompassing satellite imagery, meteorological metrics, and predictive modeling. Easily accessible to the general public, these cyberinfrastructures simulate potential disaster scenarios, serving as invaluable aids to decision-making processes. This review collates key literature on water-related disaster information systems, underscoring the transformative impact of emerging information and Internet technologies. These advancements promise enhanced flood and drought warning timeliness and greater preparedness through improved management, analysis, visualization, and data sharing. Moreover, these systems aid in hydrometeorological predictions, foster the development of web-based educational platforms, and support decision-making frameworks, digital twins, and metaverse applications in disaster contexts. They further bolster scientific research and development, enrich climate change vulnerability frameworks, and strengthen associated cyberinfrastructures. This article delves into prospective developments in the realm of natural disasters, pinpointing primary challenges and gaps in current water-related disaster information systems, and highlighting the potential intersections with future artificial intelligence solutions.
Soil erosion assessment using SWAT, in relation withLand use, agricultural practices, and future climate change in a semi-arid catchment in Tunisia
Authors: Benrhouma Aida , Hermassi Taoufik , Jarray Fathia , Bouajila Khedija , Mechri Mouna , Aouissi Jalel , Kotti Mohamed Lasaad , Attia Rafla , Hashem Abeer , Avila-Quezada Graciela Dolores , Abd _Allah Elsayed Fathi , Harrouchi Fawzi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soil erosion is a severe environmental concern arising from intensive agricultural uses, land degradation, and anthropogenic activities. This problem threatens agricultural productivity and sustainable development, particularly in emerging countries. Therefore, evaluating soil erosion is essential in conservation, planning, and management on a watershed or basin scale. This study aims to assess the erosion of soil loss in the El Gouazine Watershed, central Tunisia, using the Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). We define the impact of soil and water conservation management implementation combined with climate change scenario. We identified the spatial distribution of erosion rates based on soil properties, topography, and land use. The observed specific erosion rate of the watershed is estimated at 1.6 t.ha−1.yr−1, whereas according to the SWAT model, the average soil loss rate is 1.4 t.ha−1.yr−1. Furthermore, the obtained results highlight importance of the slope factor in affecting the severity of the soil loss rates in the El Gouazine watershed. It was also demonstrated that it’s urgent to prioritize other measures such as contour cropping or conservation agriculture, to enhance and strengthen the soils’ resistance against the detachment due to discharge water. In this context, this research found that these techniques decrease considerably the soil loss by 22% for the strip cropping, 33% for the No-tillage, and 72% for the bench terracing. Moreover, these farming techniques, contribute at the same time to the amelioration of the water balance by reducing the evapotranspiration and enhancing the soil water storage. To go further in this study a soil erosion forecast using the worst-case scenario for climate change RCP 8.5 was conducted. an overview of the future soil erosion patterns is obtained. We noticed then a decrease of the average annual soil loss rate until 2050 and then a prominent increase from 2051 to 2100.
Assessing coastal community resilience to climate change in Central Vietnam through the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI)
Authors: Giang Nguyen Thi Huong , Minh Tran Xuan , Ha Hoang Dung , Chung Nguyen Thi Kim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the climate resilience of coastal communities in Vietnam’s Nghe An province, a region highly exposed due to its extensive coastline and dense population. Employing the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI), the research assesses the resilience of three districts — Quynh Luu, Dien Chau, and Nghi Loc — to climate-induced disasters. The analysis reveals good to high overall resilience across five dimensions (physical, social, economic, institutional, and natural). Dien Chau boasts the highest score (4.06), followed by Quynh Luu (4.04), and Nghi Loc (4.01). While strong infrastructure and essential services contribute to high physical resilience, social capital development requires further attention. Economic resilience is bolstered by employment rates, but income and asset accumulation need improvement. Effective policies and disaster risk management strategies highlight strong institutional resilience. Natural resource management demonstrates adaptability, but land-use planning warrants enhancement. This study underscores the districts’ good preparedness for climate challenges while pinpointing areas for improvement across all CDRI dimensions. By addressing these vulnerabilities, Nghe An’s coastal communities can further strengthen their resilience.