bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential applications of keratinocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Movahednia Mohammad M. , Kidwai Fahad K. , Jokhun Doorgesh S. , Squier Christopher A. , Toh Wei Seong , Cao Tong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAlthough skin grafting is one of the most advanced cell therapy technique, wide application of skin substitutes is hampered by the difficulty in securing sufficient amount of epidermal substitute. Additionally, in understanding the progression of skin aging and disease, and in screening the cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, there is lack of a satisfactory human skin‐specific in vitro model. Recently, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been proposed as an unlimited and reliable cell source to obtain almost all cell types present in the human body. This review focuses on the potential off‐the‐shelf use of hESC‐derived keratinocytes for future clinical applications as well as a powerful in vitro skin model to study skin function and integrity, host‐pathogen interactions and disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the industrial applications of hESC‐derived keratinized multi‐layer epithelium which provides a human‐like test platform for understanding disease pathogenesis, evaluation of new therapeutic modalities and assessment of the safety and efficacy of skin cosmetics and therapeutics. Overall, we conclude that the hESC‐derived keratinocytes have great potential for clinical, research and industrial applications.
Enhanced bioenergy recovery from oil‐extracted microalgae residues via two‐step H2/CH4 or H2/butanol anaerobic fermentation
Authors: Cheng Hai‐Hsuan , Whang Liang‐Ming , Wu Shu‐Hsien 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAlgae‐based biodiesel is considered a promising alternative energy; therefore, the treatment of microalgae residues would be necessary. Anaerobic processes can be used for treating oil‐extracted microalgae residues (OMR) and at the same time for recovering bioenergy. In this study, anaerobic batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of recovering bioenergy, in the forms of butanol, H2, or CH4, from pretreated OMR. Using pretreated OMR as the only substrate, a butanol yield of 0.086 g/g‐carbohydrate was obtained at carbohydrate of 40 g/L. With supplemented butyrate, a highest butanol yield of 0.192 g/g‐carbohydrate was achieved at pretreated OMR containing 25 g/L of carbohydrate with 15 g/L of butyrate addition, attaining the highest energy yield of 3.92 kJ/g‐OMR and energy generation rate of 0.65 kJ/g‐OMR/d. CH4 production from pretreated OMR attained an energy yield of 8.83 kJ/g‐OMR, but energy generation rate required further improvement. H2 production alone from pretreated OMR might not be attractive regarding energy yield, but it attained a superb energy generation rate of 0.68 kJ/g‐OMR/d by combining H2 production from pretreated OMR and butanol production from pretreated OMR with supplementary butyrate from H2 fermentation supernatant. This study demonstrated an integrated system as an option for treating OMR and recovering bioenergy.
Setting pass scores for assessment of technical performance by surgical trainees
Authors: de Montbrun S , Satterthwaite L , Grantcharov T P 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background
One of the major challenges of competency-based training is defining a score representing a competent performance. The objective of this study was to set pass scores for the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill.

Methods
Pass scores for the examination were set using three standard setting methods applied to data collected prospectively from first-year surgical residents (trainees). General surgery residents were then assigned an overall pass–fail status for each method. Using a compensatory model, residents passed the eight station examinations if they met the overall pass score; using a conjunctive model, residents passed if they met the overall pass score and passed at least 50 per cent of the stations. The consistency of the pass–fail decision across the three methods, and between a compensatory and conjunctive model, were compared.

Results
Pass scores were stable across all three methods using data from 513 residents, 133 of whom were general surgeons. Consistency of the pass–fail decision across the three methods was 95·5 and 93·2 per cent using compensatory and conjunctive models respectively. Consistency of the pass–fail status between compensatory and conjunctive models for all three methods was also very high (91·7, 95·5 and 96·2 per cent).

Conclusion
Consistency in pass–fail status between the various methods builds evidence of validity for the set scores. These methods can be applied and studied across a variety of assessment platforms, helping to increase the use of standard setting for competency-based training.
Chemical Diversity of Podocarpaceae in New Caledonia: Essential Oils from Leaves of Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, and Acmopyle Species
Authors: Lebouvier Nicolas , Lesaffre Leïla , Hnawia Edouard , Goué Christine , Menut Chantal , Nour Mohammed 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPlant secondary metabolites can be useful chemosystematic markers to distinguish species at different taxonomy levels. For example, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes show specific distribution patterns within conifers and so provide especially precious information about the diversity and evolutionary relationships of this group. The aim of the present study was to provide a first insight into the terpene diversity of endemic Podocarpaceae from New Caledonia. The leaf essential oils of Dacrydium araucarioides Brongn. & Gris, Dacrydium balansae Brongn. & Gris, Dacrydium guillauminii J.Buchholz, Dacrydium lycopodioides Brongn. & Gris, Falcatifolium taxoides (Brongn. & Gris) de Laub., and Acmopyle pancheri (Brongn. & Gris) Pilg. from New Caledonia were characterized by GC/FID and GC/MS analyses, and the chemotaxonomic relationships of these species were determined by comparison of their terpene compositions. Cluster analysis based on the biosynthetic origin of their volatile terpenes led to the description of three distinct groups of essential oils and showed close relationships between those of D. araucarioides and D. balansae as well as between those of A. pancheri and F. taxoides.
Structure Elucidation, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of a Halimane Isolated from Vellozia kolbekiiAlves (Velloziaceae)
Authors: Silva Carmelita G. , Santos Júnior Helvécio M. , Barbosa Jussara P. , Costa Gisela L. , Rodrigues Felipe A. R. , Oliveira Denilson F. , Costa‐Lotufo Letícia V. , Alves Ruy J. V. , Eleutherio Elis C. A. , Rezende Claudia M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA new halimane diterpene was isolated from Vellozia kolbekii Alves (Velloziaceae) and identified as (5R,8R,9S,13R)‐halim‐1,10‐ene‐15,16‐diol (1). It showed cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines, SF‐295 (glioblastoma), MDA‐MB‐435 (melanoma), and HCT‐8 (colon adenocarcinoma). In the mechanism of cytotoxic action, halimane 1 interferes in two major phases of the cell cycle: in S phase, in which DNA synthesis occurs and where it is very sensitive to damage, and G2M phase which is the phase of preparation for mitosis and mitosis itself, showing apoptosis‐inducing properties. Antimicrobial activity towards Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria was studied and, against Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a MIC value of 0.025 μM was observed for halimane 1, which is more active than the positive control chloramphenicol.
Ameliorated or Acquired Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Properties of Nucleosides by Lipophilization
Authors: Knies Christine , Bonaterra Gabriel , Hammerbacher Katharina , Cordes Andrea , Kinscherf Ralf , Rosemeyer Helmut 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA series of nucleolipids, containing one of the β‐D‐ribonucleosides 5‐fluorouridine, 6‐azauridine, uridine, or 5‐methyluridine were lipophilized, either at the O‐2′,3′‐position and/or at N(3) of the nucleobase with a large variety of hydrophobic residues. The resulting nucleolipids as well as the parent nucleosides and the lipid precursors were investigated in vitro with respect to their antitumor activity towards i) ten human tumor cell lines from the NCI 60 panel and ii) partly against three further tumor cell lines, namely a) human astrocytoma/oligodendro glioma GOs‐3, b) rat malignantneuroectodermal BT4Ca, and c) differentiated human THP‐1 macrophages.Inspection of the doseresponse curves allows two main conclusions concerning lipid determinants lending the corresponding nucleoside an ameliorated or an acquired antitumor activity: i) introduction of either a symmetrical O‐2′,3′‐nonadecylidene ketal group or introduction of an O‐2′,3′‐ethyl levulinate moiety plus an N(3)‐farnesyl group leads often to nucleolipids with significant cytostatic/cytotoxic properties; ii) for the two canonical and non‐toxic nucleosides uridine and 5‐methyluridine, the condensation with also non‐toxic lipids gives nucleolipids with a pronounced antitumor activity.
Uptake of Organohalide Pollutants, and Release of Partially Dehalogenated Products, by NpRdhA, a ‘Base‐Off’ Cob(II)alamin‐Dependent Reductive Dehalogenase from a Deep Sea Bacterium. A Molecular Dynamics Investigation
Authors: Pietra Francesco 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis work shows that, during MD aided by external tiny random forces, 3‐bromo‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (LHB), the product of reductive dehalogenation of 3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (LBB) by the corrin‐based marine enzyme NpRdhA, is expelled along mainly the wide channel that connects the corrin to the external medium. In accordance, unbiased MD showed that LBB migrates relatively rapidly from the external medium to the inside of the channel, finally getting to the corrin active center of NpRdhA. The LBB pose, with bromide head and carboxylate tail nearly equidistant from the corrin Co ion, does not fit the results of previous automatic docking. Either the experimental structure of the NpRdhA‐LBB complex, or a quantum‐mechanical study of LBB at the corrin active site, are therefore urged.
Directed Evolution of Enzymes for Industrial Biocatalysis
Authors: Porter Joanne L. , Rusli Rukhairul A. , Ollis David L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEnzymes have the potential to catalyse a wide variety of chemical reactions. They are increasingly being sought as environmentally friendly and cost‐effective alternatives to conventional catalysts used in industries ranging from bioremediation to applications in medicine and pharmaceutics. Despite the benefits, they are not without their limitations. Many naturally occurring enzymes are not suitable for use outside of their native cellular environments. However, protein engineering can be used to generate enzymes tailored for specific industrial applications. Directed evolution is particularly useful and can be employed even when lack of structural information impedes the use of rational design. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current industrial applications of enzyme technology and to show how directed evolution can be used to modify and to enhance enzyme properties. This includes a brief discussion on library generation and a more detailed focus on library screening methods, which are critical to any directed evolution experiment.
Incorporation of Cobalt‐Cyclen Complexes into Templated Nanogels Results in Enhanced Activity
Authors: Jorge Ana Rita , Chernobryva Mariya , Rigby Stephen E. J. , Watkinson Michael , Resmini Marina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRecent advances in nanomaterials have identified nanogels as an excellent matrix for novel biomimetic catalysts using the molecular imprinting approach. Polymerisable Co‐cyclen complexes with phosphonate and carbonate templates have been prepared, fully characterised and used to obtain nanogels that show high activity and turnover with low catalytic load, compared to the free complex, in the hydrolysis of 4‐nitrophenyl phosphate, a nerve agent simulant. This work demonstrates that the chemical structure of the template has an impact on the coordination geometry and oxidation state of the metal centre in the polymerisable complex resulting in very significant changes in the catalytic properties of the polymeric matrix. Both pseudo‐octahedral cobalt(III) and trigonal‐bipyramidal cobalt(II) structures have been used for the synthesis of imprinted nanogels, and the catalytic data demonstrate that: i) the imprinted nanogels can be used in 15 % load and show turnover; ii) the structural differences in the polymeric matrices resulting from the imprinting approach with different templates are responsible for the molecular recognition capabilities and the catalytic activity. Nanogel P1, imprinted with the carbonate template, shows >50 % higher catalytic activity than P2 imprinted with the phosphonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Salt Crystal Structure of Hexasodium Hemiundecahydrogen α‐Hexamolybdoplatinate(IV) Heminonahydrogen α‐Hexamolybdoplatinate(IV) Nonacosahydrate: Dihydrogendisordered‐Mixture Double Salt.
Authors: Joo Hea‐Chung , Park Ki‐Min , Lee Uk 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNa6[H5.5PtMo6O24] [H4.5PtMo6O24]·29H2O is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Na2MoO4 and Na2Pt(OH)6 at ≈pH 1.80 according to the literature.
ChemInform Abstract: ACdCO3F (A: K and Rb): New Noncentrosymmetric Materials with Remarkably Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation (SHG) Responses Enhanced via π‐Interaction.
Authors: Zou Guohong , Nam Gnu , Kim Hyung Gu , Jo Hongil , You Tae‐Soo , Ok Kang Min 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric amounts of KF or RbF and CdCO3 (320 °C, 80 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Valence Band Modification and High Thermoelectric Performance in SnTe Heavily Alloyed with MnTe.
Authors: Tan Gangjian , Shi Fengyuan , Hao Shiqiang , Chi Hang , Bailey Trevor P. , Zhao Li‐Dong , Uher Ctirad , Wolverton Chris , Dravid Vinayak P. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA high solubility limit of < 9 mol% for MnTe alloying in SnTe is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Ordered Mesoporous Cobalt‐Containing Oxides: Structure, Catalytic Properties, and Active Sites in Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Gu Dong , Jia Chun‐Jiang , Weidenthaler Claudia , Bongard Hans‐Josef , Spliethoff Bernd , Schmidt Wolfgang , Schueth Ferdi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMesoporous CoO is prepared by H2 reduction of nanocast Co3O4 at 250 °C for 1.5 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Assisted Regioselective Oxidative Dehydrogenative Homocoupling/ortho‐Hydroxylation in N‐Phenylpyrazoles.
Authors: Batchu Harikrishna , Bhattacharyya Soumya , Kant Ruchir , Batra Sanjay 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn some cases the concentration of the reaction mixture significantly influences the reaction outcome in terms of product ratio and/or yield.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted Cyclohexanone Derivatives with an All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter by Using an Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Double Michael Addition.
Authors: Chen Chi‐Han , Ko Chi‐Ting , Reddy Ganapuram Madhusudhan , Lee Chia‐Jui , Lin Wenwei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe cinchona alkaloid‐catalyzed protocol provides access to densely functionalized cyclohexanone derivatives with excellent diastereoselectivities and modest to good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Heteroaryl and Aryl Trifluoroborates: A Synthetic Strategy for Discoipyrrole D.
Authors: Shih Jiun‐Le , Nguyen Thien S. , May Jeremy A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBis‐heteroaryl and bis‐aryl stereocenters are enantioselectively generated by conjugate addition of the title trifluoroborate salts to a wide range of β‐aryl enones and enals.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Methylcyclopropanation of Norbornenes with Vinyl Bromides and Mechanism Study.
Authors: Mao Jiangang , Xie Hujun , Bao Weiliang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSeveral norbornene derivatives are cyclopropanated with (Z)‐2‐bromovinylarenes or (Z)‐1‐bromooct‐1‐ene furnishing the corresponding products in high yields as a single diastereomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Pistacia atlantica kurdica gum and Their Catalytic Performance in Mizoroki—Heck and Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Solutions.
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Faraji Ali Reza , Hemmati Saba , Gil Antonio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe reaction is conducted under environmentally benign conditions and the applied catalytic system can be recycled several times.
ChemInform Abstract: Vilsmeier Reagent Initialed Sequential One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of N,O‐Disubstituted Glycolamides as Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors.
Authors: Lu Shi‐Han , Yen Wan‐Ping , Tsai Henry J. , Chen Chien‐Shu , Wong Fung Fuh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAll compounds have been screened on their DPP‐4 inhibitory activity (disc diffusion method, 1.0 μM).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild N‐Deacylation of Secondary Amides by Alkylation with Organocerium Reagents.
Authors: Wang Ai‐E , Chang Zong , Liu Yong‐Peng , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA new protocol for the deacylation of secondary amides and isolation of amines is reported based on the activation of amides with Tf2O, followed by addition of organocerium reagents, and acidic work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Cyclopropylation of Heterocycles.
Authors: Wu Xiaojin , Lei Chuanhu , Yue Guizhou , Zhou Jianrong Steve 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA series of oxazole substrates and some analogues are successfully transformed to the synthetically and biologically important derivatives bearing a cyclopropane ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Squaramide‐Catalyzed Michael/Alkylation Cascade Reaction for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Nitro‐Spirocyclopropanes.
Authors: Zhao Bo‐Liang , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe new one‐pot cyclopropanation reaction is highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective and leads to the title spiro‐compounds bearing three adjacent stereogenic centers, including one quaternary center.
ChemInform Abstract: Rauhut—Currier‐Initiated Organocascade Reaction: Synthesis of Substituted Dispirocyclohexanes Through a [2 + 2 + 2] Strategy Between 2‐Arylideneindan‐1,3‐diones and Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Ya , Gurubrahamam Ramani , Chen Kwunmin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFor the synthesis of multisubstituted dispirocyclohexanes, a Rauhut—Currier‐initiated organocascade reaction between 2‐arylideneindandiones and activated alkenes in the presence of DABCO is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile, One‐Pot, and Gram‐Scale Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Triiodoanisole Through a C—H Iodination/ipso‐Iododecarboxylation Strategy: Potential Application Towards 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Anisoles.
Authors: Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Al‐Mughaid Hussein , Al‐Zoubi Mariam A. , Jaradat Khaled T. , McDonald Robert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe reaction can be performed on a multigram scale in good yield and is catalytic, scalable, and efficient with simple work‐up and purification processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Radical—Radical Cross‐Couplings: Design of a Formal β‐Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Jeffrey Jenna L. , Petronijevic Filip R. , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: December 2015

Abstractγ‐Aminoketones are obtained by direct coupling of cyclic ketones with imines using DABCO as both a base and an electron transfer agent.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Unsymmetrical Ketone Synthesis Employing a Pyrrole‐Bearing Formal Carbonyl Dication Linchpin Reagent.
Authors: Heller Stephen T. , Newton James N. , Fu Tingting , Sarpong Richmond 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA wide range of ketones and Weinreb amides are synthesized from various organolithium and Grignard reagents in one‐pot without the need of a transition‐metal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: P(NMe2)3‐Mediated Umpolung Alkylation and Nonylidic Olefination of α‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Wang Sunewang Rixin , Radosevich Alexander T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe phosphorus reagent promotes the umpolung alkylation of methyl aroylformates with benzylic and allylic bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligandless C—C Bond Formation via Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction in Micelles or Water—Ethanol Solution Using PdPtZn and PdZn Nanoparticle Thin Films.
Authors: Hoseini S. Jafar , Zarei Atiyeh , Rafatbakhsh Iran Hajar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSlightly better yields are obtained using PdPtZn nanoparticles in a mixture of water and cetrimide.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cyclizations of Epoxidized Baylis—Hillman Products: A Straightforward Synthesis of Octahydrobenzo[e]azulenes.
Authors: Konopacki Donald B. , Shortsleeves Kelley C. , Turnbull Mark M. , Wikaira Jan L. , Hobson Adrian D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe title azulene derivatives are obtained by a linear three‐step route involving the coupling of 2‐cyclopentenone with various aldehydes, stereoselective epoxidation, and Lewis acid catalyzed cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Pyrrolidine‐Fused Spirooxindoles via Organocatalytic [3 + 2] 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Maleimides.
Authors: Zhao Hong‐Wu , Yang Zhao , Meng Wei , Tian Ting , Li Bo , Song Xiu‐Qing , Chen Xiao‐Qin , Pang Hai‐Liang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the presence of the Cinchona alkaloid‐based squaramide organocatalyst QSQ, the [3+2] cycloaddition of isatin‐derived azomethine ylides with maleimides proceeds readily to deliver pyrrolidine‐fused spirooxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Approach to the Construction of Chiral Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Feng Huan‐Xi , Tan Rui , Liu Yan‐Kai 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe two‐step procedure shown in the presence of chiral catalyst PBP renders possible the access to a broad spectrum of functionalized pyrroles and some analogues such as quinoline (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of Versatile Indolyl‐3‐carbonylnitriles.
Authors: Veale Clinton G. L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA mild, simple, and high‐yielding access to indolyl‐3‐carbonylnitriles is developed proceeding via dehydration of α‐oxoacetamides which are easily accessible from the corresponding indoles and oxalyl chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free One‐Pot Sequential Direct Diarylation of Pyrazolin‐5‐ones with Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Huang Tao , Ji Xinfei , Wu Wei , Liang Fang , Cao Song 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA wide range of symmetrical or unsymmetrical C4‐diarylated pyrazolin‐5‐one derivatives are efficiently obtained under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential SNAr Reaction/Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling/C—H Direct Arylations Approach for the Rapid Synthesis of Tetraaryl‐Substituted Pyrazoles.
Authors: Morita Taiki , Kobayashi Daisuke , Matsumura Keisuke , Johmoto Kohei , Uekusa Hidehiro , Fuse Shinichiro , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe title pyrazoles bearing four different aryl groups are regioselectively obtained by a protection/deprotection‐free, divergent synthesis employing readily available substrates and reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Clean Synthesis of Benzimidazole Motifs: Exploration on Bismuth Nitrate Accelerated Subtle Catalysis.
Authors: Mahire Vilas N. , Mahulikar Pramod P. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract2‐Substituted benzimidazole derivatives (III) are efficiently synthesized by reaction of o‐phenylenediamine (I) with aromatic aldehydes (II), whereas the reaction with aldehydes (IV) affords only 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives (V).