bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem cell transplantation dose in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Jia‐Ying , Cai Wen‐Yuan , Tian Ming , Liu Dai , Huang Rong‐Chong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether stem cell transplantation improves global left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to determine the appropriate stem cell therapy dose as well as the effective period after stem cell transplantation for therapy.MethodsA systematic literature search included Pubmed, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and Cochrane Evidence‐Based Medicine databases. The retrieval time limit ranged from January 1990 to June 2016. We also obtained full texts through manual retrieval, interlibrary loan and document delivery service, or by contacting the authors directly. According to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were extracted independently by two evaluators. In case of disagreement, a joint discussion occurred and a third researcher was utilized. Data were analyzed quantitatively using Revman 5.2. Summary results are presented as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We collected individual trial data and conducted a meta‐analysis to compare changes in global left ventricular ejection fraction (ΔLVEF) after stem cell therapy. In this study, four subgroups were based on stem cell dose (≤1 × 107 cells, ≤1 × 108 cells, ≤1 × 109 cells, and ≤1 × 1010 cells) and three subgroups were based on follow‐up time (<6 months, 6–12 months, and ≥12 months).ResultsThirty‐four studies, which included 40 randomized controlled trials, were included in this meta‐analysis, and 1927 patients were evaluated. Changes in global LVEF were significantly higher in the stem cell transplantation group than in the control group (95% CI: 2.35–4.26%, P < 0.01). We found no significant differences in ΔLVEF between the bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) group and control group when the dose of BMCs was ≤1 × 107 [ΔLVEF 95% CI: 0.12–3.96%, P = 0.04]. The ΔLVEF in the BMCs groups was significantly higher than in the control groups when the dose of BMCs was ≤1 × 108 [ΔLVEF 95% CI: 0.95–4.25%, P = 0.002] and ≤1 × 109 [ΔLVEF 95% CI: 2.31–4.20%, P < 0.01]. In addition, when the dose of BMCs was between 109 and 1010 cells, we did not observe any significant differences [ΔLVEF 95% CI: −0.99–11.82%, P = 0.10]. Our data suggest stem cell therapy improves cardiac function in AMI patients when treated with an appropriate dose of BMCs.ConclusionStem cell transplantation after AMI could improve global LVEF. Stem cells may be effectively administered to patients with AMI doses between 108 and 109 cells.
Differential Activation of the Dorsal Neck Muscles During a Light Arm‐Elevation Task in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain and Asymptomatic Controls: An Ultrasonographic Study
Authors: Baghi Raziyeh , Rahnama Leila , Karimi Noureddin , Goodarzi Fereshte , Rezasoltani Asghar , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundDisturbance in neck muscle function is a well‐known complication of chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNNP). It is, however, unclear which muscles are more susceptible to functional impairment in patients with CNNP during upper limb tasks.ObjectivesTo compare ultrasonographic changes in dorsal neck muscles thickness in patients with CNNP and asymptomatic controls while they performed a light load upper‐limb movement.DesignCase control.SettingUniversity research laboratory.ParticipantsTwenty individuals with CNNP with a mean age of 23.35 ± 2.94 and 20 asymptomatic controls with a mean age of 22.30 ± 2.86, without any history of cervical diskopathy, fracture, trauma, inflammation, and spinal deformity were recruited for this study.MethodsUltrasonographic measurement of dorsal neck muscles thickness was performed during a light load 3‐second arm‐elevation task (shoulder scaption to 120°) in the 2 groups. Associations between pain intensity and patients' perceived disability and between pain intensity and muscle thickness also were evaluated at the state of rest.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe thickness changes of the dorsal neck muscles throughout the arm elevation were calculated. The pain intensity and the patient's perceived disability also were measured.ResultsA significant main effect of muscle activity status was revealed for the multifidus and semispinalis cervicis and the splenius capitis, indicating an increase in their thickness throughout the arm elevation (P < .001). The only muscle that showed a difference between groups was the multifidus (P = .007). Direct associations between pain and disability (r = .48, P = .03) and between pain and multifidus thickness (r = −.49, P = .03) also were observed.ConclusionThe deteriorating effect of CNNP on the neck muscles targets the deep layer of the dorsal neck muscles (ie, the multifidus) more than the superficial muscles during light upper‐limb tasks.Level of EvidenceIII
Vivencias y experiencias de médicos residentes mexicanos durante su primer año de formación académica
Authors: Acosta-Fernández Martín , Aguilera-Velasco María De los Ángeles , Pozos-Radillo Blanca Elizabeth , Torres-López Teresa Margarita , Parra Osorio Liliana 
Published: November 2016

Introducción: La investigación sobre la formación académica de médicos residentes en México ha crecido de manera progresiva. Sin embargo, existen muy pocos estudios de corte cualitativo sobre las vivencias y experiencias de los futuros médicos especialistas. Y es durante el primer año de formación académica donde se pueden presentar una variedad de situaciones que retan la capacidad de adaptación de los estudiantes.
Objetivo: Conocer, describir e interpretar las vivencias y experiencias de médicos residentes durante su primer año de formación y la influencia en su bienestar y su salud.
Método: Estudio fenomenológico en el que se realizaron 18 entrevistas en profundidad a 13 médicos residentes de primer año. La recolección de datos se finalizó al obtener la saturación. Se utilizó el programa Atlas.ti® para el análisis cualitativo de datos.
Resultados: La formación de los médicos residentes se caracterizó por sobrecarga de trabajo, ausencia de control y ambigüedad en los roles a desempeñar, falta de apoyo y escasez de recursos. Relaciones impositivas, amenazantes, humillantes y de poder con sus superiores jerárquicos. Desacreditación por parte de médicos de base, afectaciones a la vida personal, estrés y agotamiento físico y mental.
Conclusiones: El impacto que puede tener la formación académica en la salud de los médicos residentes se manifestó de manera distinta si se tiene que emigrar a otra ciudad. Es deseable que se les ofrezca apoyo o acompañamiento psicológico durante su formación y que se priorice su condición como personas merecedoras de apoyo y respeto.
Three-dimensional vorticity, momentum and heat transport in a turbulent cylinder wake
Authors: Chen J. G. , Zhou Y. , Zhou T. M. , Antonia R. A. 
Published: November 2016

The transport of momentum and heat in the turbulent intermediate wake of a circular cylinder is inherently three-dimensional (3-D). This work aims to gain new insight into the 3-D vorticity structure, momentum and heat transport in this flow. All three components of the velocity and vorticity vectors, along with the fluctuating temperature, are measured simultaneously, at nominally the same point in the flow, with a probe consisting of four X-wires and four cold wires. Measurements are made in the ($x$,$y$) or mean shear plane at$x/d=10$, 20 and 40 at a Reynolds number of$2.5\times 10^{3}$based on the cylinder diameter$d$and the free-stream velocity. A phase-averaging technique is developed to separate the large-scale coherent structures from the remainder of the flow. It is found that the effects of vorticity on heat transport at$x/d=10$and$x/d=20{-}40$are distinctly different. At$x/d=10$, both spanwise and streamwise vorticity components account significantly for the heat flux. At$x/d=20$and 40, the spanwise vortex rollers play a major role in inducing the coherent components of the heat flux vector, while the ribs are responsible for the small-scale heat diffusion out of the spanwise vortex rollers. The present data indicate that, if the spanwise-velocity-related terms are ignored, the estimated values of the production can have errors of approximately 22 % and 13 % respectively for the turbulent energy and temperature variance at$x/d=40$, and the errors are expected to further increase downstream. A conceptual model summarizing the 3-D features of the heat and momentum transports at$x/d=10$is proposed. Compared with the previous two-dimensional model of Matsumura & Antonia (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 250, 1993, pp. 651–668) or MA, the new model provides a more detailed description of the role the rib-like structures undertake in transporting heat and momentum, and also underlines the importance of the upstream half of the spanwise vortex rollers, instead of only one quadrant of these rollers, as in the MA model, in diffusing heat out of the vortex.
Ethical communication to guide climate policy decisions in the Arctic
Authors: Behl Mona 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRecent records of increasing temperature, melting of sea-ice, retreating glaciers, thawing permafrost, increasing sea levels, and increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events provide clear evidence of global climate change, particularly in the Arctic. The impacts of climate change are not only environmental, but also influence social, economic, psychological, and political conditions in the region. The confluence of these conditions emphasises the need for improved communication of climate information and formulation of ethical responses to address changes in the Arctic. This review explores the meaning of ethical communication followed by an overview of the barriers to ethical communication including uncertainties related to climate change, and constructions of varying interpretations of climate change due to discipline-specific perspectives of science, journalism, and law, in the Arctic. The final section of this paper summarises key elements of ethical communication, and integration of ethical principles in formulating decision-making strategies to address climate change in the Arctic.
Shared atypical brain anatomy and intrinsic functional architecture in male youth with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected brothers
Authors: Lin H.-Y. , Tseng W.-Y. I. , Lai M.-C. , Chang Y.-T. , Gau S. S.-F. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, yet the search for definite genetic etiologies remains elusive. Delineating ASD endophenotypes can boost the statistical power to identify the genetic etiologies and pathophysiology of ASD. We aimed to test for endophenotypes of neuroanatomy and associated intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) via contrasting male youth with ASD, their unaffected brothers and typically developing (TD) males.MethodThe 94 participants (aged 9–19 years) – 20 male youth with ASD, 20 unaffected brothers and 54 TD males – received clinical assessments, and undertook structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to obtain regional gray and white matter volumes. A seed-based approach, with seeds defined by the regions demonstrating atypical neuroanatomy shared by youth with ASD and unaffected brothers, was implemented to derive iFC. General linear models were used to compare brain structures and iFC among the three groups. Assessment of familiality was investigated by permutation tests for variance of the within-family pair difference.ResultsWe found that atypical gray matter volume in the mid-cingulate cortex was shared between male youth with ASD and their unaffected brothers as compared with TD males. Moreover, reduced iFC between the mid-cingulate cortex and the right inferior frontal gyrus, and increased iFC between the mid-cingulate cortex and bilateral middle occipital gyrus were the shared features of male ASD youth and unaffected brothers.ConclusionsAtypical neuroanatomy and iFC surrounding the mid-cingulate cortex may be a potential endophenotypic marker for ASD in males.
From pains-taking to pains-giving comparisons
Authors: Nelken David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper distinguishes three ideal-type contexts in which comparisons are used: comparison as a contribution to disciplinary enquiry, as part of deliberately trying to learn lessons and as an essential element of a new form of governmentality concerned with ranking places in terms of social indicators. After offering examples of the way comparisons are employed (and criticised) in each of these exercises, the paper ends by discussing the overlap and feedback between them.
What do we expect from an ombudsman? Narratives of everyday engagement with the informal justice system in Germany and the UK
Authors: Creutzfeldt Naomi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper looks at expectations people have of informal justice mechanisms through a rich empirical dataset of 2,775 recent ombudsman users in Germany and the UK. In a cross-cultural comparison, the ombudsman as a model of justice is explored. Not much is known about people's expectations of the ombudsman model; this paper starts to fill the gap. Four roles became apparent in cross-cultural narratives in the dataset: people who interact with ombudsmen expect them to be interpreters, advocates, allies and instruments. The identified roles are largely common to both countries, but in some aspects they show national specificities. These national specificities are seen mainly in the use of language; in Germany, it is more legalistic in comparison to the UK. I argue that this might be related to what has been described as the general legal culture of each country and the institutional set-up.
Vasculogenic mimicry in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Williamson Stuart C. , Metcalf Robert L. , Trapani Francesca , Mohan Sumitra , Antonello Jenny , Abbott Benjamin , Leong Hui Sun , Chester Christopher P. E. , Simms Nicole , Polanski Radoslaw , Nonaka Daisuke , Priest Lynsey , Fusi Alberto , Carlsson Fredrika , Carlsson Anders , Hendrix Mary J. C. , Seftor Richard E. B. , Seftor Elisabeth A. , Rothwell Dominic G. , Hughes Andrew , Hicks James , Miller Crispin , Kuhn Peter , Brady Ged , Simpson Kathryn L. , Blackhall Fiona H. , Dive Caroline 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by prevalent circulating tumour cells (CTCs), early metastasis and poor prognosis. We show that SCLC patients (37/38) have rare CTC subpopulations co-expressing vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) and cytokeratins consistent with vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a process whereby tumour cells form ‘endothelial-like’ vessels. Single-cell genomic analysis reveals characteristic SCLC genomic changes in both VE-cadherin-positive and -negative CTCs. Higher levels of VM are associated with worse overall survival in 41 limited-stage patients’ biopsies (P<0.025). VM vessels are also observed in 9/10 CTC patient-derived explants (CDX), where molecular analysis of fractionated VE-cadherin-positive cells uncovered copy-number alterations and mutated TP53, confirming human tumour origin. VE-cadherin is required for VM in NCI-H446 SCLC xenografts, where VM decreases tumour latency and, despite increased cisplatin intra-tumour delivery, decreases cisplatin efficacy. The functional significance of VM in SCLC suggests VM regulation may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Role of the interface between distributed fibre optic strain sensor and soil in ground deformation measurement
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Cheng , Zhu Hong-Hu , Shi Bin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecently the distributed fibre optic strain sensing (DFOSS) technique has been applied to monitor deformations of various earth structures. However, the reliability of soil deformation measurements remains unclear. Here we present an integrated DFOSS- and photogrammetry-based test study on the deformation behaviour of a soil foundation model to highlight the role of strain sensing fibre–soil interface in DFOSS-based geotechnical monitoring. Then we investigate how the fibre–soil interfacial behaviour is influenced by environmental changes, and how the strain distribution along the fibre evolves during progressive interface failure. We observe that the fibre–soil interfacial bond is tightened and the measurement range of the fibre is extended under high densities or low water contents of soil. The plastic zone gradually occupies the whole fibre length when the soil deformation accumulates. Consequently, we derive a theoretical model to simulate the fibre–soil interfacial behaviour throughout the progressive failure process, which accords well with the experimental results. On this basis, we further propose that the reliability of measured strain can be determined by estimating the stress state of the fibre–soil interface. These findings may have important implications for interpreting and evaluating fibre optic strain measurements, and implementing reliable DFOSS-based geotechnical instrumentation.
Death receptor 5 (DR5) and a 5-gene apoptotic biomarker panel with significant differential diagnostic potential in colorectal cancer
Authors: Devetzi Marina , Kosmidou Vivian , Vlassi Margarita , Perysinakis Iraklis , Aggeli Chrysanthi , Choreftaki Theodosia , Zografos Georgios N. , Pintzas Alexander 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHigh expression of Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) has been related to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, resistance to treatment and poor prognosis. TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) through its receptors DR4 (TRAIL-R1) and DR5 (TRAIL-R2) can selectively induce cancer cell apoptosis. The mRNA expression of DR4, DR5, c-IAP1, c-IAP2, XIAP and BIRC5/Survivin genes was examined in 100 paired (cancerous-normal) colorectal tissue specimens by real-time PCR, 50 of which were KRAS wild-type and 50 KRAS-mutant. DR5, XIAP and BIRC5/Survivin genes are significantly up-regulated (p < 0.0001, p = 0.012 and p = 0.0003, respectively), whereas c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 genes are significantly down-regulated at mRNA and protein levels in CRC (p < 0.0001 for both). ROC analyses showed that DR5, cIAP1 and cIAP2 expression has discriminatory value between CRC and normal tissue (AUC = 0.700, p < 0.0001 for DR5; AUC = 0.628, p = 0.011 for cIAP1; AUC = 0.673, p < 0.0001 for cIAP2). Combinatorial ROC analysis revealed the marginally fair discriminatory value of 5 genes as a panel (AUC = 0.685, p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed significant association of cIAP2 down-regulation in CRC with lower overall survival probability of CRC patients (p = 0.0098). DR5, BIRC5/Survivin, XIAP, c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 mRNA expression are significantly deregulated in CRC and could provide a panel of markers with significant discriminatory value between CRC and normal colorectal tissue.
Non-invasive cardiac pacing with image-guided focused ultrasound
Authors: Marquet Fabrice , Bour Pierre , Vaillant Fanny , Amraoui Sana , Dubois Rémi , Ritter Philippe , Haïssaguerre Michel , Hocini Mélèze , Bernus Olivier , Quesson Bruno 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCurrently, no non-invasive cardiac pacing device acceptable for prolonged use in conscious patients exists. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) can be used to perform remote pacing using reversibility of electromechanical coupling of cardiomyocytes. Here we described an extracorporeal cardiac stimulation device and study its efficacy and safety. We conducted experiments ex vivo and in vivo in a large animal model (pig) to evaluate clinical potential of such a technique. The stimulation threshold was determined in 10 different ex vivo hearts and different clinically relevant electrical effects such as consecutive stimulations of different heart chambers with a single ultrasonic probe, continuous pacing or the inducibility of ventricular tachycardia were shown. Using ultrasonic contrast agent, consistent cardiac stimulation was achievable in vivo for up to 1 hour sessions in 4 different animals. No damage was observed in inversion-recovery MR sequences performed in vivo in the 4 animals. Histological analysis revealed no differences between stimulated and control regions, for all ex vivo and in vivo cases.
Invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides suffers more severe herbivory pressure than native competitors in recipient communities
Authors: Fan Shufeng , Yu Haihao , Dong Xianru , Wang Ligong , Chen Xiuwen , Yu Dan , Liu Chunhua 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHost-enemy interactions are vital mechanisms that explain the success or failure of invasive plants in new ranges. We surveyed the defoliation of invasiveAlternanthera philoxeroidesand co-occurring native plants on two islands during different seasons over three consecutive years and measured the leaf nitrogen content and the C/N ratio of each plant species. To evaluate the effects of herbivory onA. philoxeroides, an herbivore exclosure experiment was conducted. We found that the mean defoliation ofA. philoxeroideswas higher than that of native plants, regardless of whether the dominant species wasA. philoxeroidesor native plants.A. philoxeroidesdefoliation increased significantly as the months progressed, whereas the defoliation of the total population of native plants was constant. The leaf nitrogen content was positively correlated with defoliation, and it was highest inA. philoxeroides. Additionally,A. philoxeroidesin the herbivore exclusion treatment showed an increase in shoot biomass and total shoot length. Our study revealed that native generalist herbivores prefer the invasive plant to the natives because of the higher leaf nitrogen content. These results support the biotic resistance hypothesis, suggesting that native herbivore species can limit the population spread of invasive plants.
Meta-analysis of brain iron levels of Parkinson’s disease patients determined by postmortem and MRI measurements
Authors: Wang Jian-Yong , Zhuang Qing-Qing , Zhu Lan-Bing , Zhu Hui , Li Ting , Li Rui , Chen Song-Fang , Huang Chen-Ping , Zhang Xiong , Zhu Jian-Hong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBrain iron levels in patients of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are usually measured in postmortem samples or by MRI imaging including R2* and SWI. In this study we performed a meta-analysis to understand PD-associated iron changes in various brain regions, and to evaluate the accuracy of MRI detections comparing with postmortem results. Databases including Medline, Web of Science, CENTRAL and Embase were searched up to 19th November 2015. Ten brain regions were identified for analysis based on data extracted from thirty-three-articles. An increase in iron levels in substantia nigra of PD patients by postmortem, R2* or SWI measurements was observed. The postmortem and SWI measurements also suggested significant iron accumulation in putamen. Increased iron deposition was found in red nucleus as determined by both R2* and SWI, whereas no data were available in postmortem samples. Based on SWI, iron levels were increased significantly in the nucleus caudatus and globus pallidus. Of note, the analysis might be biased towards advanced disease and that the precise stage at which regions become involved could not be ascertained. Our analysis provides an overview of iron deposition in multiple brain regions of PD patients, and a comparison of outcomes from different methods detecting levels of iron.