bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Sensing Properties of a Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Oligomer
Authors: Bähring Steffen , Martín‐Gomis Luis , Olsen Gunnar , Nielsen Kent A. , Kim Dong Sub , Duedal Troels , Sastre‐Santos Ángela , Jeppesen Jan O. , Sessler Jonathan L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSupramolecular polymers are a class of macromolecules stabilized by weak non‐covalent interactions. These self‐assembled aggregates typically undergo stimuli‐induced reversible assembly and disassembly. They thus hold great promise as so‐called functional materials. In this work, we present the design, synthesis, and responsive behavior of a short supramolecular oligomeric system based on two hetero‐complementary subunits. These “monomers” consist of a tetrathiafulvalene‐functionalized calix[4]pyrrole (TTF‐C[4]P) and a glycol diester‐linked bis‐2,5,7‐trinitrodicyanomethylenefluorene‐4‐carboxylate (TNDCF), respectively. We show that when mixed in organic solvents, such as CHCl3, CH2ClCH2Cl, and methylcyclohexane, supramolecular aggregation takes place to produce short oligomers stabilized by hydrogen bonding and donor–acceptor charge‐transfer (CT) interactions. The self‐associated materials were characterized by 1H NMR and UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy, as well as by concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses of both the monomeric and oligomerized species. The self‐associated system produced from TTF‐C[4]P and TNDCF exhibits a concentration‐dependent aggregation behavior typical of supramolecular polymers. Further support for the proposed self‐assembly came from theoretical calculations. The fluorescence emitting properties of TNDCF are quenched under conditions that promote the formation of supramolecular aggregates containing TTF‐C[4]P and TNDCF. This quenching effect has been utilized as a probe for the detection of substrates in the form of anions (i.e., chloride) and nitroaromatic explosives (i.e., 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene). Specifically, the addition of these substrates to mixtures of TTF‐C[4]P and TNDCF produced a fluorescence “turn‐on” response.
Mild Synthesis of Pt/SnO2/Graphene Nanocomposites with Remarkably Enhanced Ethanol Electro‐oxidation Activity and Durability
Authors: Qu Yunteng , Gao Yunzhi , Wang Long , Rao Jiancun , Yin Geping 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe have designed a new Pt/SnO2/graphene nanomaterial by using L‐arginine as a linker; this material shows the unique Pt‐around‐SnO2 structure. The Sn2+ cations reduce graphene oxide (GO), leading to the in situ formation of SnO2/graphene hybrids. L‐Arginine is used as a linker and protector to induce the in situ growth of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) connected with SnO2 NPs and impede the agglomeration of Pt NPs. The obtained Pt/SnO2/graphene composites exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity and stability for the ethanol oxidation reaction as compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst owing to the close‐connected structure between the Pt NPs and SnO2 NPs. This work should have a great impact on the rational design of future metal–metal oxide nanostructures with high catalytic activity and stability for fuel cell systems.
Noncovalent Interactions with Proteins Modify the Physicochemical Properties of a Molecular Switch
Authors: Amdursky Nadav , Kundu Pintu K. , Ahrens Johannes , Huppert Dan , Klajn Rafal 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is reported that spiropyran—a widely investigated molecular photoswitch—can be stabilized in aqueous environments in the presence of a variety of proteins, including human serum albumin, insulin fibrils, lysozyme, and glucose oxidase. The optical properties of the complexed photoswitch are protein dependent, with human serum albumin providing the spiropyran with emission features previously observed for a photoswitch confined in media of high viscosity. Despite being bound to the protein molecules, spiropyran can undergo a ring‐opening reaction upon exposure to UV light. This photoisomerization process can affect the properties of the proteins: here, it is shown that the electrical conduction through human serum albumin to which the spiropyran is bound increases following the ring‐opening reaction.
The Effect of Potassium Impurities Deliberately Introduced into Activated Carbon Cathodes on the Performance of Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhai Dengyun , Lau Kah Chun , Wang Hsien‐Hau , Wen Jianguo , Miller Dean J. , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua , Zavadil Kevin , Curtiss Larry A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRechargeable lithium–air (Li–O2) batteries have drawn much interest owing to their high energy density. We report on the effect of deliberately introducing potassium impurities into the cathode material on the electrochemical performance of a Li–O2 battery. Small amounts of potassium introduced into the activated carbon (AC) cathode material in the synthesis process are found to have a dramatic effect on the performance of the Li–O2 cell. An increased amount of potassium significantly increases capacity, cycle life, and round‐trip efficiency. This improved performance is probably due to a larger amount of LiO2 in the discharge product, which is a mixture of LiO2 and Li2O2, resulting from the increase in the amount of potassium present. No substantial correlation with porosity or surface area in an AC cathode is found. Experimental and computational studies indicate that potassium can act as an oxygen reduction catalyst, which can account for the dependence of performance on the amount of potassium.
Selective Capture of Ni2+ Ions by Naphthalene‐ and Coumarin‐Substituted Dithiolenes
Authors: Ghosh Ashta C. , Weisz Klaus , Schulzke Carola 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNaphthalene‐ and coumarin‐substituted dithiolene ligands were synthesized, and their coordination behavior towards different metal ions, including biologically relevant ions like Cu+, Cu2+, and Fe3+, was tested. Both ligands bind nickel selectively and show no evidence of binding any other metal investigated. Particularly, the compound bearing the fluorophore coumarin can serve as a colorimetric (“naked eye”) and on‐off fluorometric marker for the detection of Ni2+ ions with a characteristic near‐infrared (NIR) signature even in the presence of various transition‐metal ions, which are normally difficult to differentiate from nickel. Competitive fluorescence experiments showed that the concomitant presence of Ag+, Al3+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Sn2+, Zn2+, and MoO42– could not inhibit or diminish the Ni2+‐specific fluorescence quenching, emphasizing the inherent Ni2+ ion selectivity of the system. The coordination behavior of the marker and Ni2+ were studied in detail by fluorescence titration experiments in THF/MeOH solution. X‐ray structures were determined to complement characterization of the precursors and the naphthalene–dithiolene–nickel complex.
Copper–Fluorenephosphonate Cu­(PO3‐C13H9)·H2O: A Layered Antiferromagnetic Hybrid
Authors: Hugot Nathalie , Roger Mélissa , Rueff Jean‐Michel , Cardin Julien , Perez Olivier , Caignaert Vincent , Raveau Bernard , Rogez Guillaume , Jaffrès Paul‐Alain 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA Cu(PO3‐C13H9)·H2O hybrid compound has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method from Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and 9H‐fluorene‐2‐phosphonic acid [C13H9PO(OH)2]. Its structure was determined by X‐ray diffraction performed on a single crystal. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic centrosymmetric space group P21/a [a = 7.4977(5), b = 7.5476(5), c = 22.3702(16) Å, β = 97.794(3)°, V = 1254.23(15) Å3, Z = 4]. Its lamellar structure consists of alternating organic and inorganic layers. Its organic sub‐network is made up of a double layer of fluorene molecules, and its inorganic layer is composed of copper(II) dimers connected to phosphonate groups. In the structure, the neighbouring fluorenyl planes are almost orthogonal to each other, which indicates the absence of π stacking. A study of its magnetic properties, performed on a polycrystalline powder sample, showed antiferromagnetic interactions between the spin carriers without any ordering down to 1.8 K. The interactions between the two copper(II) species within the dimers were evaluated at J = –6.13(5) cm–1 with respect to the spin Hamiltonian H = –JSCu1SCu2. A fluorescence study under excitation at 266 nm showed the disappearance of fluorescence emission in the solid state. This has been attributed to fluorescence quenching by the metallic counterpart.
AuIII‐Halide/Phenylacetylene‐Cata­lysed Glycosylations Using 1‐O‐Acetyl­furanoses and Pyranose 1,2‐Ortho­esters as Glycosyl Donors
Authors: Mallick Asadulla , Mallikharjunarao Yakkala , Rajasekaran Parasuraman , Roy Rashmi , Vankar Yashwant D. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract1‐O‐Acetylfuranoses and pyranose 1,2‐orthoesters were activated with an AuIII halide/phenylacetylene relay catalyst system, and they acted as excellent glycosyl donors. Thus, 1‐O‐acetyl‐D‐ribofuranose, 1‐O‐acetyl‐D‐lyxofuranose, and 1,2‐orthoesters selectively gave the corresponding 1,2‐trans glycosides, whereas 1‐O‐acetyl‐D‐arabinofuranose and 1‐O‐acetyl‐D‐xylofuranose both gave mixtures of 1,2‐trans and 1,2‐cis glycosides, with the 1,2‐trans glycosides predominating.
Porous Carbon Modified Electrode as a Highly‐sensitive Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Salvianolic Acid B
Authors: Cheng Qin , Zhang Miao , Huang Wensheng , Wei Piaopiao , Wu Kangbing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPorous carbon (PC) was prepared via nanocasting strategy, and used to modify the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The modification of PC obviously increases the surface accumulation ability of GCE, and consequently enhances the oxidation signals of salvianolic acid B greatly. As a result, a novel electrochemical determination platform was developed for salvianolic acid B. The linear range was from 5 to 1000 μg L−1, and the detection limit was 1.16 μg L−1. It was used in the sample analysis of traditional Chinese medicines, and the accuracy was satisfactory.
Release of primary microplastics from consumer products to wastewater in the Netherlands
Authors: van Wezel Annemarie , Caris Inez , Kools Stefan A. E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

The authors estimate the release of primary microplastics from consumer products—cosmetics and personal care products, cleaning agents, and paint and coatings—via sewage effluent as an expected relevant route to the marine environment. Total estimated concentrations in the 3 scenarios are 0.2 μg/L, 2.7 μg/L, and 66 μg/L in sewage-treatment plant (STP) effluent, respectively. All product categories relevantly contribute. Predicted concentrations are compared with reported actual concentrations in STP effluents. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1627–1631. © 2015 SETAC
Quality changes and freezing time prediction during freezing and thawing of ginger
Authors: Singha Poonam , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEffects of different freezing rates and four different thawing methods on chemical composition, microstructure, and color of ginger were investigated. Computer simulation for predicting the freezing time of cylindrical ginger for two different freezing methods (slow and fast) was done using ANSYS® Multiphysics. Different freezing rates (slow and fast) and thawing methods significantly (P < 0.05) affected the color and composition of essential oil in ginger. Fresh ginger was found to contain 3.60% gingerol and 18.30% zingerone. A maximum yield of 7.43% gingerol was obtained when slow frozen gingers when thawed by infrared method. Maximum zingerone content of 38.30% was achieved by thawing slow frozen gingers using infrared‐microwave method. Microscopic examination revealed that structural damage was more pronounced in slow frozen gingers than fast frozen gingers. Simulated freezing curves were in good agreement with experimental measurements (r = 0.97 for slow freezing and r = 0.92 for fast freezing). Slow freezing damaged ginger's cellular structure. Data obtained will be helpful in selecting appropriate thawing method to increase desirable essential oil components in ginger. Computer simulation for predicting freezing time may help in developing proper storage system of ginger.
Koralmbahn quo vadis – Current State of the new Koralmbahn Line and essential Milestones / Koralmbahn quo vadis – Aktueller Status und wesentliche Meilensteine
Authors: Schneider Klaus , Egger Jürgen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe 130 km long Koralmbahn line between Graz and Klagenfurt is one of the most significant transport infrastructure projects in Europe. It is part of the new southern route and thus an important link in the Baltic‐Adriatic corridor. The key structure on the Koralmbahn line is the 32.9 km long Koralm Tunnel – but construction of the new high speed line will also require 12 new stations and stops, more than 100 bridges and underbridges as well as numerous further tunnels. In Austrias point of view, the Koralmbahn line will represent a considerable structural improvement, especially for Southeast Austria as an industrial location. The quickest journey time between Graz and Klagenfurt will be considerably reduced from currently almost three hours to 45 minutes, with a simultaneous improvement of accessibility.Die 130 km lange Koralmbahn zwischen Graz und Klagenfurt zählt zu den bedeutendsten Verkehrsinfrastrukturprojekten in Europa. Sie ist Teil der neuen Südstrecke und damit auch wichtiger Bestandteil des Baltisch‐Adriatischen Korridors. Herzstück der Koralmbahn ist der 32,9 km lange Koralmtunnel – darüber hinaus besteht die neue Hochleistungsstrecke aber auch aus 12 neuen Bahnhöfen und Haltestellen, über 100 Brücken und Unterführungen sowie aus zahlreichen weiteren Tunnelbauten. Aus österreichischer Sicht bedeutet die Koralmbahn speziell für den Wirtschaftsstandort Südösterreich eine entscheidende Strukturverbesserung. So wird die schnellste Fahrzeit zwischen Graz und Klagenfurt von derzeit knapp drei Stunden auf 45 Minuten verkürzt und gleichzeitig die Erreichbarkeit deutlich verbessert.
The challenges of contract SBT1.1 “Tunnel Gloggnitz" / Die Herausforderungen des Bauloses SBT1.1 Tunnel Gloggnitz
Authors: Wagner Oliver Kai , Haas Dieter , Druckfeuchter Hubert , Schachinger Tobias 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe second of the three tunnelling contract sections of the Semmering Base Tunnel is of comparable complexity to the first contract section SBT2.1. The geotechnical and hydrological conditions for sequential tunnelling are demanding and require extensive grouting and investigation measures in advance of the drives. The enormous extent of the construction works and the need to access parts of the running tunnels through an intermediate construction access are a logistical challenge. The construction time is also very ambitious. These circumstances had to be considered in the production of the tender documents.Die zweite Ausschreibung für eines der drei Tunnelbaulose des Semmering‐Basistunnels schließt hinsichtlich Komplexität nahtlos an das erste Baulos an. Die Vortriebe haben unter geotechnisch und hydrogeologisch anspruchsvollen Bedingungen zu erfolgen und beinhalten intensive Erkundungs‐ und Injektionskampagnen. Der enorme Bauumfang sowie die Erschließung der Vortriebe über einen komplexen temporären Zwischenangriff stellen eine große logistische Herausforderung dar. Durch einen engen Bauzeitrahmen wird diese noch verstärkt. Diesem Umstand musste auch in der Vertragsgestaltung Rechnung getragen werden.
Current state of design and construction for the St. Kanzian tunnel chain / Aktueller Planungs‐ und Ausführungsstand der Tunnelkette St. Kanzian
Authors: Benedikt Johannes , Berger Klaus , Koinig Josef 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe St. Kanzian tunnel chain lies near the Völkermarkt reservoir and is part of the Mittlern‐Althofen approval section of the Koralmbahn line in Carinthia. Of the six tunnels in the St. Kanzian tunnel chain, the 495 m long Kühnsdorf green tunnel (cut‐and‐cover) has already been completed. The construction of the 230 m long Peratschitzen green tunnel (a cut‐and‐cover noise protection tunnel) and the 620 m long Srejach Tunnel (top‐down construction) started in summer 2015. Work should start on the Untersammelsdorf, Stein and Lind Tunnels (all mined tunnels), in spring/summer 2016. The tunnels lie partially in challenging geological conditions (lacustrine sediments), all with shallow overburden, and require special measures for support and ground improvement (bored piles, jet grouting). Particular attention has been paid to later maintenance costs, which have to be considered in the course of the design work.Die Tunnelkette St. Kanzian liegt im Bereich des Völkermarkter Stausees und ist Bestandteil des Einreichabschnitts Mittlern‐Althofen im Westteil der Koralmbahn in Kärnten. Von den sechs Tunneln der Tunnelkette St. Kanzian ist der 495 m lange Grüntunnel Kühnsdorf (offene Bauweise) bereits fertiggestellt. Die Herstellung des 230 m langen Grüntunnels Peratschitzen (offene Bauweise) und des 620 m langen Tunnels Srejach (Deckelbauweise) hat im Sommer 2015 begonnen. Mit den Tunneln Untersammelsdorf, Stein und Lind (alle geschlossene Bauweise) soll im Frühjahr/Sommer 2016 begonnen werden. Die Tunnelbauwerke liegen teilweise in herausfordernden geologischen Verhältnissen (Stillwassersedimente) mit durchwegs geringer Überlagerung und erfordern besondere Maßnahmen zur Stützung und Baugrundverbesserung (Bohrpfähle, Düsenstrahlverfahren). Besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf die späteren Erhaltungskosten gelegt, die in den Planungsentscheidungen berücksichtigt wurden.
Experience of conventional excavation in crystalline rock mass on Koralm Tunnel contract KAT3 / Erfahrungen beim zyklischen Vortrieb im Kristallinabschnitt des Bauloses KAT3
Authors: Moritz Bernd , Pilgerstorfer Thomas , Pointner Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe present paper discusses experience gained during tunnelling in a crystalline rock mass on Koralm Tunnel contract KAT3. It reports on the benefits and information gained from preventer‐supported exploratory drillings up to 250 m long, which were performed in consideration of predicted high water pressures in marble layers. Another case study points out the geological/geotechnical situation in a fault, featuring the remarkable finding that despite the high overburden, only small displacement magnitudes were measured, which is in stark contrast to experience gained on tunnel projects in comparable conditions. The paper concludes with the analysis of system behaviour observed in sections with highest overburden of 1,200 m. Although only small displacement magnitudes were measured, overstressing of the shotcrete lining was observed. A successful support concept was found by a targeted utilization of deformation gaps in the shotcrete lining in combination with adaptation of rock bolting according to the encountered structural situation.Der vorliegende Beitrag erörtert die Vortriebserfahrungen im Kristallinabschnitt des Bauloses KAT3 des Koralmtunnels. Dabei wird vom Nutzen und Informationsgewinn aus bis zu 250 m langen, preventergestützten Vorauserkundungsbohrungen, die insbesondere aufgrund der prognostizierten hohen Wasserdrücke in Marmorlagen abgeteuft wurden, berichtet. Ein weiteres Fallbeispiel erörtert die geologische‐geotechnische Situation in einer Störung mit der bemerkenswerten Erkenntnis, dass trotz der tiefen Lage des Tunnels – konträr zu den Erfahrungen bei anderen Vortrieben unter ähnlichen Randbedingungen – kaum Deformationen registriert wurden. Abschließend werden die Erfahrungen in dem Abschnitt des Koralmtunnels mit der höchsten Überlagerung von rund 1.200 m aufgezeigt. Trotz geringer Deformationen wurde dort eine Überbeanspruchung der Spritzbetonschale festgestellt. Durch das gezielte Vorsehen von schmalen Verformungsschlitzen in der Schale in Kombination mit einer an die Gefügesituation angepassten Systemankerung konnte hierfür ein erfolgreiches Ausbaukonzept gefunden werden.
3D images for data collection in tunnelling – applications and latest developments / 3D‐Bilder für die Datenerfassung im Tunnelbau – Anwendung und aktuelle Entwicklungen
Authors: Gaich Andreas , Pötsch Markus 
Published: December 2015

Abstract3D images combine geometric and visual data in a model that allows quick and easy inspection and interpretation on a computer. On‐going improvements of digital cameras and algorithms in photogrammetry, in particular for simultaneous processing of large sets of overlapping photos to a single consistent 3D model, have led to several applications of 3D images in tunnelling. 3D images are now used on conventional tunnel construction sites for digital face documentation and tunnel face mapping. 3D images are also suitable in mechanised tunnelling for capturing usually occluded areas of the tunnel face and visualising them in three dimensions. Furthermore, 3D images are generated from aerial imagery for documentation and volumetric assessment of deposited tunnel excavation material.3D‐Bilder vereinigen geometrische und visuelle Informationen zu einem Modell, das einfach auf Computern betrachtet und bewertet werden kann. Die Weiterentwicklung digitaler Kameras und der Algorithmen der Photogrammetrie, insbesondere die simultane Verarbeitung größerer Mengen digitaler Fotos zu einem konsistenten 3D‐Modell, ergeben verschiedene Anwendungsmöglichkeiten rund um den Tunnelbau. Aktuell werden 3D‐Bilder für die digitale Erfassung der Ortsbrust und deren Kartierung bei konventionellen Vortrieben verwendet. 3D‐Bilder sind darüber hinaus geeignet für den maschinellen Tunnelvortrieb, um nicht sichtbare Ortsbrustbereiche aufzunehmen und dreidimensional zu visualisieren. 3D‐Bilder bieten sich auch – luftgestützt erzeugt – für die Dokumentation und volumetrische Bewertung von deponiertem Tunnelausbruchsmaterial an.
Parametric study of the seismic ground response of a linear visco‐elastic soil layer improved by stone columns or pile‐like elements
Authors: Floroiu Laurentiu , Schweiger Helmut F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a qualitative investigation on how soil improvement influences ground response during earthquake events. The paper focuses on how modifications to stiffness, damping ratio and unit weight of soil reflect on the amplification functions. The study is carried out by means of finite element analyses using a linear visco‐elastic material model and rigid bedrock conditions. The accelerogram recorded during the 1989 Loma Prieta (USA) earthquake is used as bedrock input motion. The results of this study suggest that under certain conditions the seismic load on the structures could be increased or decreased by changes of the eigenfrequencies and amplification functions of the natural ground conditions due to soil improvement.Parameterstudie zur seismischen Antwort einer linear visko‐elastischen Bodenschicht mit säulenartiger Bodenverbesserung. Der Beitrag beschreibt erste Ergebnisse einer qualitativen numerischen Untersuchung zum Einfluss von Bodenverbesserung auf die seismische Antwort einer Bodenschicht infolge Erdbebenbeanspruchung. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf der Beurteilung des Einflusses von Steifigkeit, Dämpfung und Wichte der Bodenschicht auf die Verstärkung der seismischen Anregung. Die Analysen werden mit der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode unter Annahme linear visko‐elastischen Materialverhaltens und einer Anregung am unteren Modellrand durchgeführt, wobei als Eingangsbeschleunigung das Erdbeben von Loma Prieta (1989) verwendet wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich unter gewissen Bedingungen die seismische Beanspruchung von auf verbessertem Baugrund errichteten Gebäuden durch die Änderung der Eigenfrequenzen und der Bodenantwort des verbesserten Baugrundes verringern oder erhöhen kann.