bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement between clinical judgments and subjective perceptions of clinical change
Authors: Müller M. , Stefan V. , Godehard W. , Prinz S. , Egger S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionResearch into the relationship between the subjective perception of clinical change and the objective evidence of the same is very limited. Less is known about the relationship between clinical judgments by mental health experts and the patient's perception of symptom change, in particular across different diagnostic groups.Aims and objectivesThis study aims to determine the level of concordance between the HONOS as a tool for clinical outcome monitoring and the self-reported change in psychopathology in a total sample of psychiatric patients as well as stratified by their primary diagnosis at admission.MethodsA consecutive sample of patients admitted to a Swiss psychiatric hospital for either alcohol use disorders, schizophrenic psychoses, mood disorders, anxiety and somatoform disorders, or personality disorders, was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) at admission and at discharge. The HoNOS were rated by the responsible clinicians. Complete data of admission and discharge were available from approximately 600 cases. Reliable change index (RCI) will be calculated to determine a clinically meaningful change based on the HoNOS scores. Concordance of RCI and change in BSI scores will be explored and compared between different diagnostic groups.Results and conclusionsAccording to our preliminary results from this ongoing evaluation program, we hope to provide a step towards a deeper understanding of the interrelationship between clinical judgments and the course of subjectively experienced mental health problems.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Validation of the self-compassion scale in a community sample of Portuguese pregnant women
Authors: Bento E. , Xavier S. , Azevedo J. , Marques M. , Freitas V. , Soares M.J. , Martins M.J. , Xavier A. , Castilho P. , Morais S. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIn recent years, researchers and clinicians have shown an increasing interest in self-compassion. Indeed, several studies have suggested that self-compassion is a positive factor for mental and physical health. The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003) has been widely used to assess six dimensions of self-compassion (self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness and over-identification) among diverse populations. Recently, it has also been used in perinatal samples but its psychometric properties in pregnant women is still unexplored.ObjectiveThis study aims was to investigate the reliability and the validity of the SCS using Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a sample of Portuguese pregnant women.MethodsParticipants were 417 pregnant women with a mean age of 33 years old (SD = 4.74) in their second trimester of pregnancy (M = 17.26, SD = 4.78, weeks of gestation). Participants completed the Portuguese version of the SCS while waiting for the routine prenatal consultation in Maternity Hospital, Portugal.ResultsA was tested and results showed that the six-factor model had a good fit to the data (TLI = 0.93, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.06). The total SCS presented a good internal reliability (α = 0.91) and their subscales showed Cronbach's alphas ranging between adequate (α = 0.77) and good (α = 0.87).ConclusionsOverall, these findings suggest that the Portuguese version of the SCS is a valid and reliable measure to assess self-compassion among pregnant women. Thus, SCS could be useful in diverse settings in the perinatal period.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Regret Anticipation Failures Scale (RAFS): Validation of the Portuguese version
Authors: Borges J. , Pereira A.T. , Borges D. , Cabral A.S. , Martins M.J. , Bento E. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionFailures in regret anticipation undermine regret avoidance, increasing regret frequency and ultimately the risk of regret-related problems. The Regret Anticipation Failures Scale (RAFS; Schmidt and Linden, 2011) was developed to evaluate interindividual differences in regret anticipation.ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of the RAFS Portuguese version.MethodsA community sample composed of 108 university students and 79 employees (78.1% females; mean age = 33.16 ± 13.175; range: 17–62) answered the Portuguese preliminary version of the RAFS. To study the temporal stability, 31 participants (83.9% females; mean age = 26.54 ± 18.761) answered the RAFS again after approximately 6 weeks.ResultsThe RAFS Cronbach alpha was “very good” (a = 0.81). All the items presented significant correlations with the total (excluding the item; > 0.20); only item 2 (Even when I’m stressed, I can foresee the regrets that certain behaviors could evoke in me) had the effect of lowering the internal consistency if deleted. The test-retest correlation coefficient was high, positive and significant (0.61; P < 0.001); there was not significant difference between test and re-test scores [14.26 ± 5.170 vs. 13.06 ± 4.761, t (30) = 1.532, P = 0.136]. Following Kaiser and Cattel Scree Plot criteria, only one factor was extracted, meaning that the scale is unidimensional.ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of RAFS has good reliability and construct validity. It could be very useful both in clinical and research contexts, namely in an ongoing project on the relationship between regret, personality and psychological distress.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Frequency of subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome in positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenia
Authors: Ahmed S. , Rasool G. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the frequency of subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome in positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenia.MethodsSixty-two drug naïve hospitalized patients between 18 and 65 years (mean age: 33.6) with first episode of schizophrenia based on DSM IV-TR and 69 control subjects matched for age and sex completed this study. A semi-structured clinical interview was used to assess both groups. Clinical data were obtained and basic lab investigations and ultrasonography of abdomen were done in all subjects to exclude any related abdominal pathology. Axis-I disorders of DSM IV-TR were excluded in control subjects. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Rome III Urdu language version scale (cross-validation obtained) for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were administered to assess the severity of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome, IBS constipation (IBS-C), IBS Diarrhoea (IBS-D) and IBS Mix (IBS-M) in case and control groups respectively.ResultsForty-seven patients (75.8%) and 15 patients (24.2%) had positive and negative schizophrenia respectively. Patients with positive and negative schizophrenia had higher rate of IBS-C 6.5% (n = 4), IBS-D 8.1% (n = 5), IBS-M 12.9% (n = 8), non-IBS 72.6% (n = 45) versus healthy subjects IBS-C 1.4% (n = 1), IBS-D 2.9% (n = 2), IBS-M 2.9% (n = 2), and non-IBS 92.8% (n = 64), OR = 4.8; 95% CI.ConclusionIrritable bowel syndrome is more frequent in patients with schizophrenia than in general population. This functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with psychotic symptoms requires attention and management while managing patients with subtypes of schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cognitive dysfunctions in first episode pychosis
Authors: Alptekin K. , Aydınlı E. , Ayer A. , Yalınçetin B. , Ulaş H. , Binbay T. , Akdede B. 
Published: May 2016

Cognitive dysfunctions are one of the main domains of symptom clusters in schizophrenia that are strongly related to poor prognosis and psychosocial impairment. We conducted a study to investigate the level of cognitive functions in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) and effect of psychosocial factors related to psychosis and cognitive dysfunctions in this population. We included 60 FEP patients and 60 healthy control subjects. Cognitive functions of the study population were evaluated by using neuropsychological test battery including Stroop, Rey Verbal Learning and Memory, Digit Span, Trail Making, Digit Symbols, Controlled Word Association etc. Psychosocial risk factors were assessed using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Social Environment Measurement Tool, Life Events Scale, Tobacco Alcohol Use Scale and Substance/Marijuana Use Scale. Cognitive functions were significantly impaired in FEP patients compared to normal controls. Patients had poor performance in verbal memory, attention, processing speed, working memory and executive functions that is similar to the previous literature findings. Stressful life events in the last year and familial liability of schizophrenia and psychosis in 1st degree relatives were strong predictors to develop psychosis in patients with FEP. Both factors also seemed to be related to cognitive dysfunctions. In this study, patients with stressful life events in the last year were likely to have memory and executive dysfunctions. It has been shown that psychosocial risk factors had played an important role in developing psychosis. However, these factors also may negatively affect cognitive functions that may make the patient predispose to develop psychosis in FEP patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Avolition in schizophrenia: associations with trait and state anhedonia
Authors: De Simone S. , Mucci A. , Bucci P. , Merlotti E. , Chieffi M. , Piegari G. , Campana T. , Patriarca S. , Rocco M. , Palumbo D. , Galderisi S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCurrent research suggested that avolition in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) is not due to a deficit of hedonic experience, but to a poor ability to translate pleasurable experiences into motivational states. In line with this hypothesis, several evidences showed a preserved hedonic experience, even in the presence of severe trait anhedonia and avolition in SCZ.ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that memory dysfunction, generally found in SCZ, could lead to inaccurate representations of emotional experiences and interfere with translation of pleasurable experience in motivation.AimsThe present study was aimed to investigate the relationships between state and trait anhedonia, avolition and cognitive functioning in 35 SCZ.MethodsIn SCZ and matched healthy controls (HC) the Temporal experience of Pleasure (TEPS) and Chapman's scales were used to assess trait anhedonia. The MID task was used to assess in-the-moment hedonic experience. Avolition was measured by the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery was used to assess cognition.ResultsSCZ did not differ from HC on TEPS or on MID task performance but reported higher scores for trait social anhedonia. Trait social anhedonia was associated with memory dysfunction and showed a correlation with avolition.ConclusionsOur results confirm the disjunction between state and trait anhedonia and demonstrate a relationship of the latter with memory impairment and avolition, suggesting that inaccurate representations of emotional experiences might impede their translation in motivation to act.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depressive symptoms in a sample of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia
Authors: Fernandez-Quintana A. , García-Mahía M.D.C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPrevious studies highlight the difficulty of correctly diagnosing depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients, as well as the impact on clinical progression among patients who present with both syndromes, worsening treatment adherence and overall prognosis.AimsTo determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. To analyze the relationship of depressive symptoms with other demographic and clinical variables.Material and methodsEighty-four patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria and treated in an Outpatient Mental Health Clinic were recruited for this study. Symptom severity was assessed using The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; Kay et al., 1987); classifying patients as positive, negative or mixed schizophrenia subtypes. Data from clinical and sociodemographic variables was obtained from clinical records.ResultsThe mean age was 43.2 years (SD: 10.2). Depression is objectively detected in 10.3% of the sample, and presented as subjective depression in 29.5%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms is higher among women, unmarried patients, lower social classes and patients who met criteria for predominantly positive Schizophrenia subtype. Higher prevalence of depressive symptoms was found in patients with a shorter course of disease.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms present with a high prevalence among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, especially during the early years of the disease. Given the severe impact of depression on both the evolution and prognosis of patients with severe mental illness, screening and early treatment must be carried out.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Real-world paliperidone palmitate data from acute units: The SHADOW study
Authors: Parellada E. , Bioque M. , Herrera B. , García-Dorado M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere is an increasing interest in understanding how antipsychotic treatments work in a real-world-setting. This is especially important with long-acting-antipsychotics, where explanatory trials may not always represent the real-world-population. Observational studies and pragmatic-clinical trials could provide additional information about new therapies, which could inform decision-making processes.ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of Paliperidone-Palmitate(PP) in an acute setting within real-world-conditions. Functionality, satisfaction with treatment and pattern of use were also evaluated.MethodsAn observational, prospective 6-week follow-up study was performed in acute units including adult patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia that started treatment with PP. Data were collected from initiation of PP until week-6 (or patient's discharge if earlier). Clinical-Global Inventory-Severity (CGI-S) was used to assess effectiveness as well as changes in illness severity. Other outcomes included total score on the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP), patient-satisfaction with medication (MSQ) and tolerability. Student's-t tests were used to assess changes from baseline in CGI-S and PSP.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty patients were included in the analysis (mean age: 40.5 ± 12.2 [SD] years). A significant decrease in mean (SD) CGI-S score between baseline (4.7 [0.9]) and endpoint (3.3 [0.9]) (P < 0.0001) was observed. (Note that 21% of patients were discharged on PP-monotherapy). Patient-functioning also significantly improved from baseline to endpoint (P < 0.0001). Seventy-four percent of patients were satisfied (measured by MSQ) at the end of follow-up. Anticholinergic-treatment was less frequent for PP discharged on monotherapy vs. not monotherapy (12.5% vs 21.2% respectively). Overall, PP was well-tolerated. Twenty-five AEs were reported in 20 patients (incidence 7.1%). No serious AEs occurred.ConclusionsThese results support the effectiveness and tolerability of PP in an acute setting under daily-clinical-practice with good acceptance by patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Quality of care for medical comorbidities among patients with and without schizophrenia
Authors: Jørgensen M. , Mainz J. , Paaske Johnsen S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe association between schizophrenia and quality of care for medical comorbidities in universal health care systems remains unclear.ObjectivesTo elucidate whether equal access also implies equivalent and sufficient care.AimsTo compare the quality of care for heart failure, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among patients with and without schizophrenia in Denmark.MethodsIn a nationwide population-based cohort study, we used Danish national registries to estimate the risk of receiving guideline recommended disease-specific processes of care between 2004 and 2013.ResultsCompared to patients without schizophrenia, patients with schizophrenia had lower chance of receiving high overall quality of care (≥ 80% of recommended processes of care) for heart failure (Relative risk [RR] 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48-0.92), diabetes (RR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79-0.89) and COPD (RR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.93) as well as lower chance of receiving individual disease-specific processes of care including treatment with beta-blockers (RR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79-0.96) in heart failure care and measurement for albuminuria (RR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99), eye examination at least every second year (RR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99) and feet examination (RR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99) in diabetes care. Diabetic patients with schizophrenia also had lower chance of receiving antihypertensive (RR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.96) and ACE/ATII inhibitors (RR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55-0.94). In COPD care, patients with schizophrenia had lower chance of receiving LAMA/LABA medication (RR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.98), however, higher chance of treatment with non-invasive inhalation (RR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.61-2.12).ConclusionsQuality of care for three medical comorbidities was suboptimal for patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Perceived and anticipated stigma in patients with schizophrenia according with the length of illness
Authors: Reneses B. , Gallego L. , López-Micó C. , Fernández del Moral A. , Rodríguez R. , Argudo I. , Carrascosa C. , Ochoa S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPerceived and anticipated stigma are relevant issues in patients with schizophrenia. Stigma has negative consequences both in quality of life and in the course of illness.ObjectivesTo analyze differences in perceived and anticipated discrimination in two groups of patients with schizophrenia: one with a recent diagnosis of illness and another with a long course of disease.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 100 patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia, 18 or more years old, clinically stabilized, without axis I DSM-IV comorbidity. Patients received treatment in the outpatient services of a catchment area in Madrid. Perceived and anticipated discrimination was evaluated trough the DISC-12 (Discrimination and Stigma scale). Other study variables were: socio-demographic status, length of disease, symptoms of depression (Calgary Scale) and functionality degree measured by Global Assessment of Function (GAF). Two sub-groups of patients were compared: one with a length of illness below 5 years and a second one with a length of illness over 5 years.ResultsPatients with a length of illness longer than 5 years showed elevated degree of perceived and anticipated discrimination compared with patients with less than 5 years of illness course. In the same way, patients with a recent diagnosis of illness showed increased scores in the measure of face the stigma.ConclusionsPreventive strategies to avoid the stigma in schizophrenia should consider some differences in patients in relationship with the length of evolution of illness in order to be more accurate. Early intervention programs about stigma are necessary.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effects of nicotine abstinence on clinical symptoms. Study at 3 and 6-months follow-up of outpatients with schizophrenia
Authors: Sáiz Martinez P.A. , Al-Halabí S. , Fernández-Artamendi S. , García-Álvarez L. , Díaz-Mesa E. , Martínez-Santamaría E. , Florez G. , Arrojo M. , García-Portilla M.P. , Bobes J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionTobacco use has been associated with more excitement and agitation symptoms, greater severity of global psychopathology as measured by the Clinical General Impression (CGI) Scale, and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.AimTo assess the effects of nicotine abstinence versus nicotine maintenance on the clinical symptoms of a sample of outpatients smokers diagnosed with schizophrenia.MethodsSample: 81 outpatients with schizophrenia [72.8% males; mean age (SD) = 43.35 (8.82)] currently smoking tobacco [no. of cigarettes (SD) = 27.96 (12.29)]. Desing: non-randomized, open-label, 6-month follow-up and multi-center study conducted at 3 sites in Spain (Oviedo, Santiago de Compostela and Orense). Instruments: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression for Schizophrenia (CGI-SCH), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Antropometric measures: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Vital sings: heart rate. Procedure: Patients were assigned to 2 conditions:– control group = patients continuing their tobacco use;– experimental group = patients participated in vareniclina or nicotine patches treatment for smoking cessation.Patients were evaluated at baseline (all patients smoking) and after 3 and 6 months.ResultsNo significant differences (P>.05) were found between groups at baseline evaluation. Likewise, there were no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers after treatment (3 and 6 months follow-up) in their clinical symptomatology (according to PANSS, HDRS and CGI-SCH), anthropometric measures and heart rate.ConclusionsNo significant differences were found in the clinical symptoms after a period of nicotine abstinence. Therefore, clinicians should motivate and help their patients to quit smoking (CIBERSAM - FIS PI11/01891).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Functional outcome in psychosis is better determined by negative symptoms than cognitive impairment
Authors: Sánchez-Torres A.M. , Elosúa M.R. , Lorente-Omeñaca R. , Moreno-Izco L. , Peralta V. , Cuesta M.J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCognitive impairment is considered the best predictor of functional outcome in psychosis. However, the nature of this relationship still remains to be determined.ObjectiveTo ascertain the relationship of negative symptoms and cognitive impairment with functional outcome in psychosis.MethodsNinety patients with a DSM-IV psychotic disorder diagnosis and 65 healthy controls were included in the study. We assessed the predominant negative symptoms over the course of illness with the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH). Functional outcome was assessed with the Specific Levels of Functioning (SLOF). Cognition was assessed with a set of neuropsychological tests, which were normalised to z-scores (regarding controls’ performance). Then, a Global Cognition Index (GCI) was obtained as a mean of the cognitive domains assessed: processing speed, attention, verbal and visual memory, executive functions, working memory and social cognition. We divided the sample in four groups, considering the presence/absence of negative symptoms (cut-off point of 2 in the CASH), and the presence/absence of cognitive impairment (considering a GCI z-score of–1 as cut-off point). We performed a MANOVA to compare the 4 groups’ functional outcome scores.ResultsFig. 1 shows the significant differences between groups regarding functional outcome.ConclusionsThe combination of negative symptoms and cognitive impairment has deleterious effects over functionality, but negative symptoms alone are related to functional outcome, independently of cognitive impairment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.