bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Bone neoformation of a novel porous resorbable Si‐Ca‐P‐based ceramic with osteoconductive properties: physical and mechanical characterization, histological and histomorphometric study
Authors: De Aza Piedad N. , Mate‐Sanchez de Val Jose E. , Baudin Carmen , Perez Albacete‐Martínez Carlos , Armijo Salto Antonio , Calvo‐Guirado Jose L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of the present work were to study a new porous Nurse's A ceramic (Si‐Ca‐P‐based material) bone substitute and examine its mechanical properties in vitro and the biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and resorption process in vivo.Materials and methodPorous ceramic scaffolds were prepared by solid‐state reaction and implanted in critical‐sized defect created in 15 NZ rabbits. Strength values were determined by the diametrical compression of disk test. Weibull analyses were performed following the European Standard for technical ceramics EN‐843‐5: 1996, considering 90% of confidence intervals. Results were correlated with scanning microscope observations of fracture surfaces. Implanted scaffolds were characterized by histological and histomorphometric point of view.ResultsThe parameters of the Weibull distribution of strength, determined by diametrical compression of disks, were modulus m = 13, and characteristic strength σ0 = 0.60 MPa (90% confidence limit: m = 7.2–17.6, σ0 = 0.570–0.578). Porous calcium silicophosphate scaffolds showed significantly more bone formation in the pores and in the periphery of the implant than the control group. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the ceramic scaffold (62.23 ± 0.34*) produced higher values of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) percentages (higher quality, closer contact); moreover, defect closure was significative in relation with control group.ConclusionsThe porous calcium silicophosphate ceramic is biocompatible, partially resorbable and osteoinductive material. This rabbit study provides radiological and histological evidences confirming the suitablity of this new material for bone tissue regeneration on critical defects.
Role of Donepezil in the Management of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey , Lai Te‐Jen , Hemrungrojn Solaphat , Mohandas E. , Yun Kim Sang , Nair Girish , Dash Amitabh 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive condition that affects cognition, function, and behavior. Approximately 60–90% of patients with AD develop neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as hallucinations, delusions, agitation/aggression, dysphoria/depression, anxiety, irritability, disinhibition, euphoria, apathy, aberrant motor behavior, sleep disturbances, appetite and eating changes, or altered sexual behavior. These noncognitive behavior changes are thought to result from anatomical and biochemical changes within the brain, and have been linked, in part, to cholinergic deficiency. Cholinesterase inhibitors may reduce the emergence of NPS and have a role in their treatment. These agents may delay initiation of, or reduce the need for, other drugs such as antipsychotics. This article summarizes the effects of donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on the NPS of dementia with emphasis on AD and dementia with Lewy bodies.
Global White Matter Hypoperfusion on CT Predicts Larger Infarcts and Hemorrhagic Transformation after Acute Ischemia
Authors: Bivard Andrew , Cheng Xin , Lin Long‐Ting , Levi Christopher , Spratt Neil , Kleinig Tim , O'Brien Billy , Butcher Kenneth , Lou Min , Zhang Jing‐Fen , Sylaja PN , Cao Wen‐Jie , Jannes Jim , Dong Qiang , Parsons Mark 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIntroductionPresence of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) on MRI is a marker of cerebral small vessel disease and is associated with increased small vessel stroke and increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after thrombolysis.AimWe sought to determine whether white matter hypoperfusion (WMHP) on perfusion CT (CTP) was related to WMH, and if WMHP predisposed to acute lacunar stroke subtype and HT after thrombolysis.MethodsAcute ischemic stroke patients within 12 h of symptom onset at 2 centers were prospectively recruited between 2011 and 2013 for the International Stroke Perfusion Imaging Registry. Participants routinely underwent baseline CT imaging, including CTP, and follow‐up imaging with MRI at 24 h.ResultsOf 229 ischemic stroke patients, 108 were Caucasians and 121 Chinese. In the contralateral white matter, patients with acute lacunar stroke had lower cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV), compared to those with other stroke subtypes (P = 0.041). There were 46 patients with HT, and WMHP was associated with increased risk of HT (R2 = 0.417, P = 0.002). Compared to previously reported predictors of HT, WMHP performed better than infarct core volume (R2 = 0.341, P = 0.034), very low CBV volume (R2 = 0.249, P = 0.026), and severely delayed perfusion (Tmax>14 second R2 = 0.372, P = 0.011). Patients with WMHP also had larger acute infarcts and increased infarct growth compared to those without WMHP (mean 28 mL vs. 13 mL P < 0.001).ConclusionWhite matter hypoperfusion remote to the acutely ischemic region on CTP is a marker of small vessel disease and was associated with increased HT, larger acute infarct cores, and greater infarct growth.
Position Emission Tomography/Single‐Photon Emission Tomography Neuroimaging for Detection of Premotor Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Zou Jing , Weng Rui‐Hui , Chen Zhao‐Yu , Wei Xiao‐Bo , Wang Rui , Chen Dan , Xia Ying , Wang Qing 
Published: January 2016

SummaryPremotor Parkinson's disease (PD) refers to a prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) during which nonmotor clinical features may be present. Currently, it is difficult to make an early diagnosis for premotor PD. Molecular imaging with position emission tomography (PET) or single‐photon emission tomography (SPECT) offers a wide variety of tools for overcoming this difficulty. Indeed, molecular imaging techniques may play a crucial role in diagnosing, monitoring and evaluating the individuals with the risk for PD. For example, dopaminergic dysfunctions can be identified by detecting the expression of vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) to evaluate the conditions of dopaminergic terminals functions in high‐risk individuals of PD. This detection provides a sensitive and specific measurement of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) such as olfactory dysfunction, sleep disorders, and psychiatric symptoms in the high‐risk patients, especially at the premotor phase. Molecular imaging technique is capable of detecting the dysfunction of serotonergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic systems that are typically associated with premotor manifestations. This review discusses the importance of SPECT/PET applications in the detection of premotor markers preceding motor abnormalities with highlighting their great potential for early and accurate diagnosis of premotor symptoms of PD and its scientific significance.
Real‐time detection of p‐phenylenediamine penetration into human skin by in vivoRaman spectroscopy
Authors: Pot Laura Marjolijn , Coenraads Pieter‐Jan , Blömeke Brunhilde , Puppels Gerwin J. , Caspers Peter J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundPenetration, autoxidation and N‐acetylation of p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) have been studied in vitro and ex vivo. However, a clear understanding of in vivo PPD penetration and the formation of PPD derivatives is lacking.ObjectivesTo obtain insights into the in vivo penetration, clearance and formation of PPD derivatives in human skin.MethodsPatch test chambers containing PPD 1% pet. were applied to the forearms of two human volunteers, with increasing application times. Non‐invasive Raman microspectroscopy was used for detection of PPD (derivatives) in skin at several follow‐up times.ResultsApplication of a PPD 1% pet. patch for 30 min resulted in substantial amounts of PPD in the stratum corneum of 90 mg PPD/g keratin. PPD contents were highest after three applications for 1 h each (330 mg PPD/g keratin), followed by single applications for 2 h 40 min, 2 h, and 23 h. The PPD half‐time in the skin was 3 h. No spectral contributions of Bandrowski's base, monoacetyl‐PPD and diacetyl‐PPD were detected.ConclusionsWe have gained insights into the in vivo penetration of PPD in human skin by using non‐invasive Raman spectroscopy. Penetration into the skin was fast, and the PPD concentrations detected in the stratum corneum were high. PPD was detected in both the stratum corneum and the viable epidermis. Oxidized or acetylated PPD derivatives could not be detected.
Long‐term outcome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute respiratory failure following intensive care unit discharge in Turkey
Authors: Ocal Serpil , Ortac Ersoy Ebru , Ozturk Ozge , Hayran Mutlu , Topeli Arzu , Coplu Lutfi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a globally significant cause of mortality, although COPD mortality varies from country to country, and across different regions within each country. The primary objective of this study was to determine the mortality rates of COPD patients who present with acute respiratory failure (ARF) to a tertiary care referral center in different stages of their follow‐up (ICU, in‐hospital and after discharge). The secondary objective was to determine factors associated with mortality in this group of patients.ResultsMedical records of consecutive COPD patients over a 10‐year period were reviewed.The study included 147 patients. Of these, 72 were treated initially with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and 12 of these required intubation after NIPPV failed. Therefore, 86 patients were intubated for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), while NIPPV was succesful in 60 patients. Survival time was independently associated with advanced age, high APACHE II score, co‐morbidity and the need for IMV. The cumulative mortality was 27% in the medical ICU and 31% in hospital following ICU discharge. The mortality rate at 1, 2 and 5 years was 54%, 66% and 84%, respectively.ConclusionCOPD patients admitted to the ICU for ARF have an approximately 70% chance of leaving hospital alive, but half of these may die in the first 6 months after discharge. The risk factors related to mortality were advanced age, high APACHE II score, co‐morbidity and IMV requirement.
Pneumococcal urinary antigen test: diagnostic yield and impact on antibiotic treatment
Authors: Laijen Wendy , Snijders Dominic , Boersma Wim G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe pneumococcal urinary antigen test (PUAT) is commonly used for the etiological diagnosis of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) and can be useful for targeting pathogen‐directed therapy.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of the PUAT and the impact of a positive PUAT result on antibiotic treatment in patients with CAP in a clinical non‐research setting.MethodsAdults hospitalized with CAP between January 2005 and November 2007 were studied retrospectively. All patients were tested by PUAT. The sensitivity of the PUAT was determined and changes in antibiotic therapy were assessed.ResultsA total of 681 patients with CAP were included. The microorganism most frequently identified was Streptococcus pneumoniae. It was found in 95 (14.0%) patients, and the PUAT increased the diagnostic yield to a total of 184 (27.0%) patients. The S. pneumoniae antigen was detected in 37 of 55 patients with definitive pneumococcal pneumonia (67.3%). Pneumococcal urinary antigen was positive in 56 of 95 pneumococcal cases (definite and probable), resulting in an overall test sensitivity of 59.0%. Positive results of the PUAT led physicians to narrow the spectrum of antibiotic treatment in 69 (45.1%) patients.ConclusionsThe PUAT is a useful method for early detection of S. pneumoniae in patients with CAP, but the test was less sensitive in this clinical setting than prospective studies indicated. The PUAT results led physicians to narrow the spectrum of antibiotic treatment in approximately half of the relevant cases, which limited the impact of a positive PUAT.
The clinical and molecular epidemiology of pre‐transplant vancomycin‐resistant enterococci colonization among liver transplant recipients
Authors: Banach David B. , Peaper David R. , Fortune Brett E. , Emre Sukru , Dembry Louise M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) infections cause significant morbidity in liver transplant recipients. The epidemiology and impact of pre‐transplant colonization with VRE among patients who undergo liver transplantation are poorly understood. We conducted an observational cohort study to identify risk factors and outcomes associated with pre‐transplant VRE colonization and described the molecular diversity among VRE strains colonizing patients who undergo liver transplantation. Perirectal VRE surveillance cultures were performed prior to transplantation. Repetitive sequence‐based polymerase chain reaction (rep‐PCR) testing was used to identify clonality among VRE isolates. Of 61 patients who underwent pre‐transplant VRE surveillance and subsequent liver transplantation, 27 (44%) were colonized with VRE. In multivariate analysis, pre‐transplant VRE colonization was associated with central venous catheterization (OR 9.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.3–70.2, p = 0.03) and rifaximin use (OR 15.4, 95% CI 1.5–159.7, p = 0.02). Pre‐transplant VRE colonization was associated with more hospital days post‐transplant (26.6 vs. 16.1 d, p = 0.04). Of VRE‐colonized patients analyzed with rep‐PCR, 68% were colonized with the same strain as another patient in the cohort. Active surveillance identifies VRE‐colonized patients who may benefit from targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis and enhanced infection prevention measures to prevent VRE spread. The relationship between rifaximin receipt and VRE colonization warrants further study. The identification of similar VRE isolates may suggest linked transmission during pre‐transplant hospitalizations, which should be further investigated in prospective studies.
Influence of RMB Cross‐border Settlement on the Chinese Economy
Authors: Xu Qiyuan , He Fan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn 2014, the amount of RMB cross‐border settlement had reached RMB7.6tn. It is important to evaluate the potential influence of RMB internationalization on China's macroeconomy. In the present study, a framework that includes monetary supply and demand was created to analyze the influences of RMB cross‐border settlement on China's domestic interest rate, asset price and foreign exchange reserves. It is found that RMB settlement in different BOP items leads to very different effects on China's real economy and the financial market. Based on the analysis, we provide a framework of the policy priorities for RMB internationalization, with the RMB cross‐border settlement items divided into three groups with different priorities. Meanwhile, to support RMB internationalization, exchange rate reforms should be adopted as a priority and a prudent attitude maintained regarding capital account liberalization.
Complements or Substitutes? Culture–Technology Interactions in Healthcare
Authors: Queenan Carrie C. , Kull Thomas J. , Devaraj Sarv 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe U.S. government recommends that hospitals adopt Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems to improve the quality problems that plague U.S. hospitals. However, CPOE studies show mixed results. We hypothesize that CPOE effectiveness depends on the prevalence of patient safety culture within a hospital. Using organizational information processing theory, we describe how patient safety culture and CPOE enable healthcare organizations to better process information. Specifically, we posit that CPOE complements some aspects of patient safety culture and substitutes for others. Using ridge regression, we empirically test this proposition using data from 268 hospitals and multiple data sources. Results show that while CPOE complements the patient safety dimensions of handoffs and transitions, feedback and communication about error, and organizational learning, CPOE substitutes for the dimension of management support for safety, in the context of our dependent variable. As organizations work to implement new systems, this research can help decision‐makers understand how culture impacts such initiatives and account for culture when anticipating effects.
Mechanisms for Increasing Sourcing from Capacity‐Constrained Local Suppliers
Authors: Tongarlak Mustafa Hayri , Lee Deishin , Ata Baris 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe fresh produce supply chain is characterized by large (mainstream) farms that are located far from consumers, and capacity‐constrained (local) farms that are located close to the consumer. In this setting, we study: (i) how leadtime and capacity asymmetry between mainstream and local farms affect a retail grocer's order policy for fresh produce, and (ii) how various operational mechanisms can increase the amount sourced from local farms. We show that this supply chain structure is disadvantageous for local suppliers (farms) because it induces the retailer to treat the local supply as a de facto responsive supply without paying a premium for the responsiveness. This disadvantage is exacerbated when the retailer's objective is to achieve a high service level. We study three mechanisms that can improve conditions for local farms: working with an intermediary, backhauling, and a retail order policy, purchase guarantee, that explicitly supports local farms. The intermediary and backhauling mechanisms help the local farm by making local supply more attractive to the retailer, inducing her to order more locally sourced produce. The intermediary reduces the retailer's overstock and stockout costs whereas backhauling increases the average margin. The purchase guarantee order policy helps local farms at the expense of retail profit. However, we show that purchase guarantee and backhauling are complementary mechanisms that together can benefit the retailer and local farms.
Olfactory cues used in host‐habitat location and host location by the parasitoid Cotesia urabae
Authors: Avila G.A. , Withers T.M. , Holwell G.I. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThere is a growing body of evidence that many hymenopteran parasitoids make use of olfaction as the primary mechanism to detect and locate hosts. In this study, a series of bioassays was conducted to investigate the orientation behaviour of the gum leaf skeletonizer larval parasitoid Cotesia urabae Austin & Allen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in both Y‐tube and four‐arm olfactometers. In a Y‐tube olfactometer, male C. urabae were attracted only to virgin conspecific females. Host‐plant leaves, damaged leaves, host larvae, and host larvae feeding on leaves were highly attractive to female C. urabae, whereas host frass and conspecific males were not. The multiple‐comparison bioassay conducted in a four‐arm olfactometer clearly indicates that C. urabae females were significantly more attracted to the host Uraba lugens Walker (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) larvae feeding on Eucalyptus fastigata H Deane & Maiden (Myrtaceae) leaves than to any other of the odour sources tested. The results of this study show that C. urabae individuals responded to chemical cues specific to the host plant and target host insect, and support hypotheses that unreliable cues are not utilized for host location by specific natural enemies.
How predation by Podisus nigrispinus is influenced by developmental stage and density of its prey Alabama argillacea
Authors: dos Santos Bárbara Davis B. , Ramalho Francisco S. , Malaquias José B. , Lira Aline C. S. , Pachú Jéssica K. S. , Fernandes Francisco S. , Zanuncio José C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe functional response of a predator to the density of its prey is affected by several factors, including the prey's developmental stage. This study evaluated the functional response of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) females to fourth instars and pupae of Alabama argillacea (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Malvaceae) in Brazil. The prey were exposed to the predator for 12 and 24 h, and in densities of 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 items per predator female. The predation data were subjected to polynomial regression logistic analysis to determine the type of functional response. Holling and Rogers' equations were used to estimate parameters such as attack rate and handling time. Podisus nigrispinus females showed functional response types II and III by preying on larvae and pupae, respectively. The attack rate and handling time did not differ between the 12 and 24 h exposure times. Predation rate was higher at higher larval and pupal densities; predation was highest at a density of 30 prey items per female, and it was similar at 18 and 24 prey per predator. Understanding the interaction of predators and their food resources helps to optimize biological control strategies. It also helps the decision‐making and the improvement of release techniques of P. nigrispinus in the field.
PCDH19‐related epilepsy in two mosaic male patients
Authors: Terracciano Alessandra , Trivisano Marina , Cusmai Raffaella , De Palma Luca , Fusco Lucia , Compagnucci Claudia , Bertini Enrico , Vigevano Federico , Specchio Nicola 
Published: January 2016

SummaryPCDH19 gene mutations have been recently associated with an epileptic syndrome characterized by focal and generalized seizures. The PCDH19 gene (Xq22.1) has an unusual X‐linked inheritance with a selective involvement for female subjects. A cellular interference mechanism has been hypothesized and male patients can manifest epilepsy only in the case of a mosaicism. So far about 100 female patients, and only one symptomatic male have been described. Using targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) approach we found a PCDH19 point mutation in two male patients with a clinical picture suggestive of PCDH19‐related epilepsy. The system allowed us to verify that the two c.1352 C>T; p.(Pro451Leu) and c.918C>G; p.(Tyr306*) variants occurred in mosaic status. Mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Up to now, the traditional molecular screening for PCDH19‐related epilepsy has been targeted to all females with early onset epilepsy with or without cognitive impairment. Male patients were generally excluded. We describe for the first time two mosaic PCDH19 point mutations in two male patients with a clinical picture suggestive of PCDH19‐related epilepsy. This finding opens new opportunities for the molecular diagnoses in patients with a peculiar type of epilepsy that remains undiagnosed in male patients.