bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propionibacterium Acnes Endophthalmitis in Ahmed Glaucoma Valve
Authors: Gutiérrez-Díaz E. , Montero-Rodríguez M. , Mencía-Gutiérrez E. , Fernández-González Ma.C. , Pérez-Blázquez E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis in a patient with an Ahmed glaucoma valve. Case Report A nine-year-old boy with bilateral congenital glaucoma, with an Ahmed glaucoma valve implanted in the left eye, had recurrent conjunctival dehiscence and endophthalmitis. Results Vitreous cultures demonstrated the presence of Propionibacterium acnes. Conclusions This is the first reported case of Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis in an Ahmed glaucoma valve and the second one in a glaucoma drainage device. We strongly recommend using a patch graft to prevent and treat tube exposure. Conjunctival grafts may be useful to close the conjunctiva when there is marked scarring to prevent patch exposure and melting or extrusion.
Causes of Blindness among Adult Jordanians: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Al-Bdour M.D. , Al-Till M.I. , Abu-Khader I.B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess the causes of blindness among adults aged 20 years and over who attended two big general ophthalmic clinics in Jordan. Patients and Methods This hospital-based study was undertaken at Jordan University Hospital in Amman (the capital of Jordan) and Princess Basma Teaching Hospital which is affiliated with Jordan University of Science and Technology in Irbid, the third largest city in the country. A total of 2732 patients seen consecutively over 26 months were examined and the ophthalmic findings were recorded. Using standard Snellen charts, subjects were placed in one of three categories according to their best corrected visual acuity: (1) unilateral blindness: less than 6/60 in the worst eye, 6/60 or more in the better eye; (2) moderate bilateral blindness: less than 6/60 in the worst eye, less than 6/60 to 3/60 or more the better eye; and (3) severe bilateral blindness: less than 3/60 in both eyes. Results Of the total patients seen, 373 were blind according to the selection criteria. Among 248 patients with unilateral blindness, diabetic retinopathy, cataract and trauma were the leading causes. Among the 81 patients with moderate bilateral blindness, diabetic retinopathy and cataract were the leading causes. Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma were the leading causes in patients with severe bilateral blindness. Conclusions These data could be used in planning blindness prevention and treatment programs while awaiting a national survey on the prevalence and causes of blindness in Jordan.
Comparison of Tear Function Tests and Impression Cytology with the Ocular Findings in Acne Rosacea
Authors: Yaylali V. , Ozyurt C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between tear function tests and impression cytology results and the clinical findings in ocular rosacea. Methods Patients with a histopathologic and clinical diagnosis of acne rosacea were studied. Ocular examination consisted of best-corrected visual acuity measurement, slitlamp examination, tear break-up time (BUT), basal Schirmer test, and rose Bengal staining. Impression cytology was done two days later. Ocular findings and symptoms were checked and scored. Age-matched controls were assessed using the same parameters. Results The most frequent symptoms were itching (80%), redness (68%), burning (64%), and photophobia (60%). The most frequent clinical findings were meibomitis (92%), telangiectasis (88%), blepharitis (84%), superficial punctate keratopathy (72%), and hyperemia (60%). Mean tear BUT was 9.6 ± 3.1 (SD) seconds (range 5–17 seconds). Mean Schirmer test measured 11.4 ± 1.6 mm (SD) (range 8–15 mm). Mean rose Bengal staining scored 1.8 ± 0.1. Mean tear BUT, Schirmer test and rose Bengal staining scores were lower in the rosacea group than the control group (p<0.003, p=0.04, p≤0.038, respectively). Staining was pathologic in 18 patients (36%) and the highest staining score was 4. No significant difference was found between the stages of the nasal and temporal conjunctival impression cytologies in each eye, and there was no relationship between impression cytology stages and rose Bengal scores (p>0.05). A significant relation was observed between the stages of impression cytology and the severity of meibomitis (Fisher's test, χ2=9.625, p=0.001). The Schirmer test gave lower results in patients with severe blepharitis (Mann-Whitney U Test, U=180.5, p=0.034). Conclusions Early diagnosis prevents serious ocular complications and chronic dry eye in rosacea. We suggest that in addition to tear function tests, rose Bengal staining and impression cytology can be successfully used in the early diagnosis of dry eye and in monitoring medical treatment in ocular rosacea. Meibomian glands play an important role in the pathogenesis of the ocular disease.
Diabetic Retinopathy and HLA Antigens in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Birinci A. , Birinci H. , Abidinoglu R. , Durupinar B. , Öge Í. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. No single predisposing factor has been identified, and genetic factors may play a role in the development of severe retinopathy. In this study, we investigated the association between diabetic retinopathy and HLA antigens in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods This study was conducted at the retina unit of the Department of Ophthalmology of Ondokuz Mayis University between October 1999 and March 2000, and included 46 diabetics with non-proliferative retinopathy and 30 with proliferative retinopathy, with 30 non-diabetic controls. HLA class I (A, B, C) antigens were studied by Terasaki's microlympho-cytotoxicity test and HLA class II (DR, DQ) typing was carried out using a polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer. Results HLA-DR4 and DQ8 frequencies were higher in patients with non-proliferative retinopathy than those with proliferative retinopathy, and HLA-DR7 frequency was higher in patients with proliferative retinopathy than non-proliferative cases (p<0.05). No significant differences in HLA antigens were found between patient groups and controls. Conclusions The differences in HLA antigen frequencies between patients with and without proliferative retinopathy suggest a genetic contribution to diabetic retinopathy.
A New Case of Acute Idiopathic Frosted Branch Angiitis in Europe
Authors: Huerva V. , Puig T. , Sánchez M.C. , Jurjo C. , Asenjo J. 
Published: January 2018

Case Report A 20-year-old male with no history of any systemic or eye disease developed loss of visual acuity in both eyes. White exudates surrounding the retinal veins from the posterior pole to the periphery, retinal edema and hemorrhages in both eyes were evident on ophthalmoscopy. Fluorescein angiography showed leakage of the dye from the veins and extensive staining of the vein walls. A diagnosis of acute frosted branch angiitis was made. Systemic examination revealed axillary, submandibular and inguinal lymphadenopathies. VCA IgM antibody for Epstein-Barr virus was negative and IgG positive. Biopsy was taken of an axillary lymph node; a non-specific inflammatory reaction was found on anatomopathologic study. The patient was started on 90 mg prednisolone daily. After two weeks retinal vasculitis had improved and the lymphadenopathies soon resolved. Small, hard exudates were present in the posterior pole during absorption of the retinal edema and resolution of the vascular inflammation. Systemic prednisolone were reduced progressively and definitively withdrawn two months later. The patient's visual acuity was 20/25 in both eyes. No fibrotic scar tissue or atrophic lesions were noted in either fundus. Conclusions We report a new case of acute frosted branch angiitis with an onset and favorable clinical course similar to previous reports. We found the additional presence of lymphadenopathies but have been unable to establish a possible causal agent. To our knowledge, apart from a recent case of frosted branch angiitis-like response in Greece, the present case is the first reported in western Europe.
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment with Choroidal Coloboma
Authors: Ünlü N. , Kocaoğ Lan H. , Acar M.A. , Aslan B.S. , Duman S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To verify the functional and anatomical results of retinal detachments related to choroidal coloboma. Methods Seven eyes with retinal detachment secondary to retinal breaks at the margin of or within a choroidal coloboma were analysed retrospectively. Results Scleral buckling was performed in five of the seven eyes; two needed additional pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal tamponade using silicone oil to reattach the retina. In two eyes PPV with internal tamponade using silicone oil or gas was used as a primary procedure. All seven eyes were reattached. Five eyes (71.4%) showed improvement or had visual acuity of 20/400 or better after surgery, but two remained unchanged. Conclusions Retinal detachment secondary to choroidal coloboma can be treated successfully by scleral buckling or PPV with internal tamponade.
Traumatic Rupture of the Globe Caused by Cow Horns
Authors: Helbig H. , Iseli H.P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose We investigated the epidemiology, clinical findings and functional outcome of open-globe injuries caused by cow horns over a 50-year period in eastern Switzerland. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the files of cases with ruptures of the globe caused by cow horns between 1950 and 1999. Results We found 59 cases with ruptures of the globe by cow horns, accounting for 5% of all open-globe injuries. The incidence of these accidents did not change during the observation period. Twenty-two eyes (37%) were enucleated. Only 7 eyes (12%) retained a vision of ≥0.1. Between 1950 and 1989 only 2/43 eyes (5%) reached a vision of ≥0.1. In the 1990's, with the introduction of vitreous surgery 5/16 eyes (31%) had a vision of ≥0.1. Four patients (7%) had blinding eye disease in the partner eye, and three (5%) had a second open-globe trauma. Conclusions In rural regions, with cattle breeding, open-globe injuries by cow horns are relatively common and the frequency is still the same as 50 years ago. The visual prognosis of these eyes is still guarded, but functional results have improved with the introduction of vitreous surgery. Patients who have had a rupture of the globe appear to have an increased risk for partner eye trauma. Therefore, all efforts are justified to preserve even limited vision in severely injured eyes.
Pleomorphic Adenocarcinoma of the Ciliary Epithelium: A Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, Dna-Ploidy and Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis of an Unusual Case
Authors: Nicolò M. , Nicolò G. , Zingirian M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe detailed phenotypic and genotypic analysis of a pleomorphic adenocarcinoma of the ciliary epithelium (CE). Case Report An 86-year-old white woman developed an enlarging mass protruding from her previously eviscerated left eye 2 months postoperatively. Based on light and ultrastructural microscopy, the final diagnosis was a pleomorphic adenocarcinoma of the ciliary epithelium (CE). Discussion Cell proliferation indices confirmed the unusually rapid growth rate of this tumor; the peridiploid DNA content might explain the relatively low incidence of distant metastases. An imbalance o the chromosome 6 was also found by Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH).
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (RAP)
Authors: Brancato R. , Introini U. , Pierro L. , Setaccioli M. , Forti M. , Bolognesi G. , Tremolada G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To verify the utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for diagnosing retinal angiomatous proliferations (RAP) in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Multiple cross-sections were taken with OCT from 41 eyes of 39 consecutive patients with AMD and RAP. The presence and the location of the angiomatous complexes had already been documented by fluorescein angiography (FA) and high-speed confocal indocyanine green videoangiography (ICGA). Results RAP was detectable by OCT scans in all 41 eyes, appearing as a focal hyper-reflecting area in the neuroretinal layers; it was frequently located close to the inner surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (29 eyes [70.7%]). All eyes had either no or only a low-reflecting OCT signal surrounding the RAP, caused by serous intraretinal edema. Only 13 eyes (31.7%), however, had large serous retinal detachment (SRD). OCT detected pigment epithelium detachment in 31 eyes (75.6%), but none had underlying choroidal neovascularization. Conclusions OCT findings confirm the intraretinal localization of the RAP which are always associated with impressive exudative phenomena. OCT is therefore a useful diagnostic tool, adding information to FA and high-speed ICGA.
Retinochoroidal Mass: A Presenting Feature of Metastatic Oat Cell Carcinoma of Lung
Authors: Gupta M. , Puri P. , Jacques R. , Rennie I.G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report retinochoroidal metastasis in small cell carcinoma of the lung. Methods Interventional case study. A 46 year old Caucasian male complaining of decreased vision in the left eye wads found to have a retinochoroidal metastasis. He also had developed some subcutaneous nodules and was feeling systemically unwell. Results Excisional biopsy of one of the subcutaneous nodules was consistent with small cell carcinoma of the lung. The patient received palliative treatment and died a month later. Conclusions Retinochoroidal metastasis can be the presenting sign of small cell carcinoma of the lung
Apoptosis and Lens Vesicle Development
Authors: Mohamed Y. H. , Amemiya T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the development of the rat lens vesicle in relation to apoptosis. Materials and Methods Fetuses of Wistar Kyoto rats were removed by laparotomy on day 10–15 of gestation. Some fetuses were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin for a TUNEL technique examination of DNA fragmentation. Macrophages were stained immunohistochemically with antibody. Some fetuses were fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmic acid and embedded in Luveak 812, then examined with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results On day 11 of gestation (E11) before the start of lens invagination, apoptotic changes were noted in the cells between the surface ectoderm and optic vesicle, with the appearance of phagocytic cells. Apoptotic cells were present at the junction of the surface ectoderm and the lens placode, in the ventral and dorsal thirds of the lens placode and in the outer layer of the optic vesicle in the same axes on E12. Apoptotic changes appeared in the lens stalk, surface ectoderm and the anterior lens epithelium on E12.5. The lens vesicle was detached completely from the surface ectoderm by E13 and some cells had the typical characteristics of macrophages in the extracellular space between the surface ectoderm and the anterior lens epithelium. Apoptotic changes were confirmed by the TUNEL method, and macrophages were stained immunohistochemically. Conclusions Apoptosis may have a major role during the whole process of lens vesicle development. Apoptosis may eliminate the cells between the surface ectoderm and the optic vesicle, help trigger invagination and facilitate separation from the ectoderm. Apoptosis might aid in the bowing of the optic vesicle during lens invagination.
Indirect Trauma Causing Dislocation of the Crystalline Lens - A Case Report
Authors: Jones LD. , Sampat V. , Hero M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of indirect trauma causing dislocation of the crystalline lens in a patient with no underlying risk factors. Methods Case report. Results A 76-year-old woman fell injuring her right temple area. She complained of blurring of vision in her right eye. Her vision was reduced to 6/60. Ocular examination revealed right aphakia associated with complete posterior dislocation of the crystalline lens into the vitreous cavity. No predisposing factors as pigment dispersion or pseudoexfoliation material was found on gonioscopy. Conclusions Dislocation of the crystalline lens has been reported following direct trauma. It is known to occur spontaneously in mature and hypermature cataracts and in cases of weak zonules. Our case shows that indirect trauma can cause complete dislocation of the crystalline lens in the absence of any predisposing factors.
Uveitis Associated with Granuloma Annulare
Authors: Oz O. , Tursen U. , Yildirim O. , Kaya T.I. , Ikizoglu G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of uveitis associated with granuloma annulare (GA). GA is a benign, usually self-limited dermatosis of unknown origin, causing necrobiotic dermal and subcutaneous papules. So far, ocular involvement has not been reported in GA. Methods We describe a case of uveitis with GA. Ocular examination findings were consistent with uveitis. Histopathologic studies on lower extremity lesions revealed features consistent with GA. Results The patient was successfully treated with systemic and topical corticosteroids. After two months, however, the skin and eye lesions relapsed. When the same treatment was restarted, her lesions regressed within four weeks. Conclusions This case provides an example of concomitant uveitis and GA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this combination.
Impression Cytology on Conjunctiva and Cornea in Dry Eye Patients Establishes a Correlation between Squamous Metaplasia and Dry Eye Clinical Severity
Authors: Murube J. , Rivas L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To obtain deeper knowledge of the cellular transition in squamous metaplasia, and to look for a correlation between the clinical grade of severity of dry eye and the grade of squamous metaplasia of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium, studied by impression cytology. Methods A total of 143 patients with dry eye disorders of different grades of clinical severity and 33 control subjects of matched age and sex were studied. Symptoms, clinical tests (including Schirmer test, slit-lamp examination, break-up time, rose Bengal staining, vanishing lacunar sulci, and neovascularization), and tear osmolarity were used to establish the diagnosis of dry eye. The subjects were classified into six clinical grades, grade 0 indicating normal and grades 1 to 5 progressively more severe dry eye. Impression cytology specimens were taken from the central cornea and different areas of the conjunctiva of one eye from all patients. A morphologic and morphometric study of the photographs obtained by light microscopy showed cell size, nuclear size, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (N:C) in nonsecretory epithelial cells, and density of goblet cells. Results Morphometric and morphologic studies of the ocular surface cells indicated significant differences, mainly in cell sizes, nuclear alterations, and the N:C ratio, in nonsecretory epithelial cells of the conjunctiva and cornea, and in goblet cell densities from the conjunctiva, between the clinically normal eyes and those with the five grades of clinical severity of dry eye, with different degrees of squamous metaplasia. Conclusions A morphologic and morphometric analysis of the ocular surface from patients with dry eye obtained by impression cytology led us to draft a new grading system containing one normal level and five levels of squamous metaplasia. This new grading system is based on a significant decrease in the number of goblet cells with less periodic acid-Schiff-hematoxylin-positive staining, an increase in nonsecretory cell size, more marked cell separation, a lower N:C ratio, and an increase in nuclear alterations. The clinical severity of the dry eye correlates with these alterations.
Autogenous versus Allograft Fascia Lata in Frontal Sling Surgery - Long-Term Results
Authors: Gürdal C. , Erdener U. , Orhan M. , Irkeç M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Either autogenous or allograft fascia lata frontal sling procedures can be used for the treatment of severe ptosis. We retrospectively evaluated the late outcomes of both approaches. Methods Medical records of patients who underwent frontal sling ptosis surgery between 1978 and 2000, with a follow-up of one year or more were included in the study. Success rates and the complications of the surgery for autogenous and allograft fascia lata were recorded. The results were compared statistically. Results Surgeries were performed with 82 autogenous or 43 allograft fascia lata. At last follow-up there were 71 eyes (86.6%) with good, 8 eyes (9.7%) with moderate, 3 eyes (3.7%) with poor results after autogenous fascia lata and 35 (81.4%), 3 (7%) and 5 (11.6%) after the allograft fascia lata frontal sling procedure. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Repeat surgery was carried out on three patients after autogenous and five after allograft fascia lata surgery. Two cases of preseptal cellulitis were observed, one abscess after autogenous and one lagophthalmus after allograft fascia lata sling surgery. All patients had slight edema early after surgery which resolved in a few days. Only one patient developed a hematoma at the site of the leg incision. Conclusions Although the long-term success rate with the autogenous fascia lata is slightly higher and this remains the first choice, allograft fascia lata is a good alternative in patients in whom fascia could not be harvested.
Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane: Report of an Unusual Case
Authors: Micelli Ferrari T. , Dammacco R. , Quaranta G.M. , Cardascia N. , Boscia F. , Sborgia C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Epiretinal membranes (ERM) are a common finding in old patients. Pars plana vitrectomy is effective for removing ERM from the macula, but some postoperative complications are relatively frequent. In the present report, we describe a 73-year-old man in whom extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization developed four months after surgery. Methods Choroidal neovascularization was treated by argon laser photocoagulation. Results: Six months after treatment, the choroidal neovascularization was obliterated, with no recurrence of ERM. Conclusions Choroidal neovascularization can be an unusual complication of ERM surgery, and should be suspected in case of poor visual outcome or recurrence of symptoms.
Optical Biometry before and after Excimer Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK) for Myopia
Authors: Winkler Von Mohrenfels C. , Gabler B. , Lohmann C.P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose In order to select the correct intraocular lens (IOL) for implantation, it is important to measure the eye length (biometry). The IOL Master from Zeiss-Humphry is frequently used for such measurements. Because this instrument employs an optical method, any irregularities on the corneal surface or any disturbances in corneal transparency could lead to mistakes in the measurements. The aim of this study was to determine whether eye length measurements obtained at the University Eye Clinic Regensburg, Germany with the IOL Master before and after excimer laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) show any changes. Methods Axial length was measured on 20 myopic eyes (–2.75 to –8.00 diopters) before and one month after LASEK using the IOL Master. Results The mean pre-operative eye length was 25.46 mm (SD±1.03) and the postoperative mean length was 25.38 mm (SD±0.99). There was a strong correlation between the pre- and post-operative eye lengths (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.998). Conclusions Although LASEK can lead to increased light scattering due to irregularities of the corneal surface and changes in corneal transparency, there is no difference in biometry pre- and post-operatively.