bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isocyanurate Formation During Oxazolidinone Synthesis from Epoxides and Isocyanates Catalysed by a Chromium(Salphen) Complex
Authors: Wu Xiao , Mason Jess , North Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChromium(salphen) complex 10 is found to be a catalyst for the preparation of oxazolidinones from epoxides and isocyanates. Using the optimal reaction conditions (1.5 mol % of chromium(salphen) complex 10 at 80 °C in toluene for 4 hours), six epoxides were reacted with five isocyanates, providing 15 oxazolidinones in up to 90 % yield. With electron‐deficient isocyanates, cyclotrimerisation of the isocyanate to the corresponding isocyanurates is a competing reaction, showing the importance of matching catalyst activity to that of the substrates.
Prognostic implications of Q waves at presentation in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: An analysis of the HORIZONS‐AMI study
Authors: Kosmidou Ioanna , Redfors Björn , Crowley Aaron , Gersh Bernard , Chen Shmuel , Dizon José M. , Embacher Monica , Mehran Roxana , Ben‐Yehuda Ori , Mintz Gary S. , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundPresence of Q waves on the presenting electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been associated with worse prognosis; however, whether the prognostic value of Q waves is influenced by baseline characteristics and/or rapidity of revascularization based on the guideline‐based metric of door‐to‐balloon time remains unknown.HypothesisWe hypothesized that Q waves in the presenting ECG will be predictive of long term mortality regardless of time to reperfusion.MethodsThe Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS‐AMI) trial enrolled 3602 patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. We stratified patients without prior history of myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization according to presence or absence of pathological Q waves on their presenting ECG. Associations between Q waves, death, and cardiovascular outcomes within 3 years were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsAmong 2723 patients with evaluable ECGs, 1084 (39.8%) had Q waves on their presenting ECG. Male sex and time from symptom onset to balloon inflation were independent predictors of presence of Q waves. Patients with Q waves had higher adjusted risks of all‐cause death (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.02‐2.05, P = 0.04) and cardiac death (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.08‐2.72, P = 0.02). The association between Q waves and cardiac death was consistent regardless of sex, diabetes status, target vessel, or door‐to‐balloon time (Pinteraction > 0.4 for all).ConclusionsPresence of Q waves on the presenting ECG in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention due to STEMI is an independent predictor of mortality and adds prognostic value, regardless of sex or rapidity of revascularization.
Does education modify the effect of ethnicity in the expression of ideal cardiovascular health? The Baptist Health South Florida Employee Study
Authors: Ogunmoroti Oluseye , Utuama Ovie A. , Michos Erin D. , Valero‐Elizondo Javier , Okunrintemi Victor , Taleb Ziyad Ben , Bahelah Raed , Das Sankalp , Rouseff Maribeth , Parris Don , Agatston Arthur , Feldman Theodore , Veledar Emir , Maziak Wasim , Nasir Khurram 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundDespite the progress made to decrease risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, disparities still exist. We examined how education and ethnicity interact to determine disparities in cardiovascular health (CVH) as defined by the American Heart Association.HypothesisEducation modifies the effect of ethnicity on CVH.MethodsIndividual CVH metrics (smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose) were defined as ideal, intermediate, or poor. Combined scores were categorized as inadequate, average, or optimal CVH. Education was categorized as postgraduate, college, some college, and high school or less; ethnicity was categorized as white, Hispanic, black, and other. Main and interactive associations between education, ethnicity, and the measures of CVH were calculated with multinomial logistic regression.ResultsOf 9056 study participants, 74% were women, and mean age was 43 (±12) years. Over half were Hispanic, and two‐thirds had at least a college education. With postgraduate education category as the reference, participants with less than a college education were less likely to achieve ideal status for most of the individual CVH metrics, and also less likely to achieve 6 to 7 ideal metrics, and optimal CVH scores. In most of the educational categories, Hispanic participants had the highest proportion with optimal CVH scores and 6 to 7 ideal metrics, whereas black participants had the lowest proportion. However, there were no statistically significant interactions of education and ethnicity for ideal CVH measures.ConclusionsHigher educational attainment had variable associations with achieved levels of ideal CVH across race/ethnic groups. Interventions to improve CVH should be tailored to meet the needs of target communities.
1D Genome Sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore MinION
Authors: Goodwin Sara , Wappel Robert , McCombie W. Richard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractToday's short‐read sequencing instruments can generate read lengths between 50 bp and 700 bp depending on the specific instrument. These high‐throughput sequencing approaches have revolutionized genomic science, allowing hundreds of thousands of full genomes to be sequenced, and have become indispensable tools for many researchers. With greater insight has come the revelation that many genomes are much more complicated than originally thought and include many rearrangements and copy‐number variations. Unfortunately, short‐read sequencing technologies are not well suited for identifying many of these types of events. Long‐read sequencing technologies can read contiguous fragments of DNA in excess of 10 kb and are much better suited for detecting large structural events. The newest long‐read sequencing instrument is the MinION device from Oxford Nanopore. The rapid sequencing speed and low upfront instrument cost are features drawing interest in this device from the genomics community. This unit provides a representative protocol for carrying out human genome sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore MinION. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tuning the Optical Properties of Phenanthriplatin: Towards New Photoactivatable Analogues
Authors: Cerón‐Carrasco José Pedro , Jacquemin Denis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe activity of traditional bifunctional platinum‐based drugs is based on a double binding attack of DNA strands that eventually damages the genetic code. Unfortunately, such therapy comes with severe side effects, which drastically limit its efficiency and more importantly, its large‐scale applicability. One emerging alternative is the use of monofunctional platinum complexes based on phenanthriplatin, a new molecule that develops a potent toxicity in tumorous cells by reacting with one DNA base only. Herein, we use theoretical tools to assess the optical properties of phenanthriplatin as well as a series of analogues in an effort to pave the way to their use in photoactivated chemotherapy. In a first step, the absorption signatures of both isolated and DNA‐embedded drugs are predicted through ab initio calculations. Two nitro derivatives are shown to activate a charge transfer from the DNA to the drug and might consequently initiate a cascade of photodamage events. In a second step, we performed molecular dynamics simulations that reveal that such structural change is enough to perturb the DNA‐binding mode. The biological implications of these results in the framework of the design of novel photoactivatable drugs are discussed.
Quinoidal 2,2′,6,6′‐Tetraphenyl‐Dipyranylidene as a Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transport Material for Stable and Cost‐Effective Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Chao , Courté Marc , Krishna Anurag , Tang Shasha , Fichou Denis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe report on the use of 2,2′,6,6′‐tetraphenyldipyranylidene (DIPO‐Ph4), a large quinoidal planar π‐conjugated heterocycle, as a simple, easy‐to‐synthetize, and efficient dopant‐free hole‐transport material in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PSCs using pristine DIPO‐Ph4 show photon conversion efficiencies up to 10.1 %, which is higher than a PSC utilizing dopant‐free spiro‐OMeTAD (5.1 %). DIPO‐Ph4‐based PSCs exhibit a short‐circuit current density of 19.52 mA cm−2 and an open‐circuit voltage of 0.933 V, values that are superior to dopant‐free spiro‐OMeTAD and comparable to doped spiro‐OMeTAD. These better performances find their origin in a higher HOMO level (−4.74 eV) and a much higher hole mobility (2×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1). Finally, PSCs based on DIPO‐Ph4 possess a superior stability compared to doped‐spiro‐OMeTAD‐based devices when tested over 600 h.
A Readiness Ruler for Assessing Motivation to Change in People with Eating Disorders
Authors: St‐Hilaire Annie , Axelrod Kaitlyn , Geller Josie , Mazanek Antunes Juliana , Steiger Howard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Readiness Ruler a simple self‐report instrument designed to enable rapid assessment of readiness to change problematic eating behaviours in people with clinical eating disorders.MethodWe administered the ED‐RR, the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire and a measure of autonomous and controlled motivation for change to 206 individuals receiving outpatient treatment for an eating disorder.ResultsA principal axis factoring analysis of the ED‐RR yielded a significant two‐factor solution (explaining 59% of variance)—one factor pertaining to restriction and body image preoccupation (four items), the other to binge‐eating and vomiting symptoms (two items). The ED‐RR showed good internal consistency (alpha coefficients for the two factors being .77 and .84 respectively). Furthermore, individuals reporting higher readiness showed higher scores on independent measures of autonomous motivation and greater symptom reductions over time.DiscussionResults suggest that the ED‐RR is a psychometrically sound tool with potential clinical utility. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Rainfall interception by tree crown and leaf litter: An interactive process
Authors: Li Xiang , Xiao Qingfu , Niu Jianzhi , Dymond Salli , McPherson E. Gregory , van Doorn Natalie , Yu Xinxiao , Xie Baoyuan , Zhang Kebin , Li Jiao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRainfall interception research in forest ecosystems usually focuses on interception by either tree crown or leaf litter, although the 2 components interact when rainfall occurs. A process‐based study was conducted to jointly measure rainfall interception by crown and litter and the interaction between the 2 interception processes for 4 tree species (Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis represented needle‐leaf species, and Quercus variabilis and Acer truncatum represented broadleaf species) at 3 simulated rainfall intensities (10, 50, and 100 mm hr−1). Results indicated that (a) crown and litter interception processes incorporated 3 phases: the dampening phase, the steady saturation phase, and the postrainfall drainage phase, but the dampening phase for litter interception usually lasted 30 min longer than for crown interception; (b) the maximum and minimum interception storage (Cmax and Cmin) for the crown were 0.63 and 0.36 mm on average, and litter Cmax and Cmin were 5.38 and 2.36 mm, respectively; (c) generally, crown and litter Cmax and Cmin increased when gross precipitation increased significantly (p < .05) from 10 to 100 mm; and (4) crown Cmax and Cmin for needle‐species were 1.8 and 1.2 times larger than broadleaf species, whereas broadleaf litter showed the opposite, its Cmax and Cmin were 2.0 and 1.6 times larger than needle‐leaf litter on average; however, no significant differences were observed in crown and litter Cmax and Cmin between species on per leaf area and litter thickness basis. Results were normalized by total leaf area and litter thickness to provide a way to scale up from young trees to mature forests. Overall, rainfall interception was affected by biotic and abiotic factors together and could be quantified via multiple linear regression functions.
Iron Complexes with Chiral N/P Macrocycles as Catalysts for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Mezzetti Antonio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present account describes the development of chiral, C2‐symmetric N/P macrocyclic ligands that attune to the size and electronic properties of the iron(II) ion to give robust complexes under catalysis conditions. This is not trivial, as the complexes of base metals are substantially less stable than those of precious metals. Also, as these N2P2 macrocycles feature stereogenic P atoms, the control of the stereochemistry at phosphorus is a key synthetic issue. Still, as the macrocyclic effect was insufficient to give robust catalysts under hydrogen transfer conditions, we had to dig deeper into the toolbox of coordination chemistry and use strong‐field ancillary ligands other than CO, specifically isonitriles, which additionally offer a further handle to tune the catalyst. The reward was the discovery of the first iron(II) catalyst for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of polar double bonds that is highly enantioselective for a broad scope of substrates.
Diagnostic Assessment Approach for Formulating a Modernization Strategy for Small‐Scale National Irrigation Systems in the Philippines
Authors: Delos Reyes Mona Liza , Schultz Bart , Prasad Krishna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe utility of a logic design framework and the diagnostic tools of the mapping system and services for canal operation techniques (MASSCOTE) were tested in two small‐scale national irrigation systems (NIS) with an end view of developing a diagnostic assessment methodology that would be relevant to planning for small‐scale irrigation systems modernization. The applicability of the water‐related rapid appraisal procedure (RAP) external indicators and structures sensitivity assessment as diagnostic tools was limited by the lack of flow data and the infeasibility of field experiments due to tight rotational irrigation schedules and laissez‐faire direct offtakes. The discharge–head relations, the hydraulic flexibility concept and the findings from walkthroughs and interviews were pragmatic alternatives. The results of the study show that inconsistency in the system designs and lack of, or poorly performing, flow control structures are the main factors contributing to mediocre irrigation service. The combination of diagnostic techniques and analytical tools used in this study present a useful framework for system diagnosis in small and ungauged irrigation systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrastriatal administration of botulinum neurotoxin A normalizes striatal D2R binding and reduces striatal D1R binding in male hemiparkinsonian rats
Authors: Wedekind Franziska , Oskamp Angela , Lang Markus , Hawlitschka Alexander , Zilles Karl , Wree Andreas , Bauer Andreas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCerebral administration of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) has been shown to improve disease‐specific motor behavior in a rat model of Parkinson disease (PD). Since the dopaminergic system of the basal ganglia fundamentally contributes to motor function, we investigated the impact of BoNT‐A on striatal dopamine receptor expression using in vitro and in vivo imaging techniques (positron emission tomography and quantitative autoradiography, respectively). Seventeen male Wistar rats were unilaterally lesioned with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) and assigned to two treatment groups 7 weeks later: 10 rats were treated ipsilaterally with an intrastriatal injection of 1 ng BoNT‐A, while the others received vehicle (n = 7). All animals were tested for asymmetric motor behavior (apomorphine‐induced rotations and forelimb usage) and for striatal expression of dopamine receptors and transporters (D1R, D2R, and DAT). The striatal D2R availability was also quantified longitudinally (1.5, 3, and 5 months after intervention) in 5 animals per treatment group. The 6‐OHDA lesion alone induced a unilateral PD‐like phenotype and a 13% increase of striatal D2R. BoNT‐A treatment reduced the asymmetry in both apomorphine‐induced rotational behavior and D2R expression, with the latter returning to normal values 5 months after intervention. D1R expression was significantly reduced, while DAT concentrations showed no alteration. Independent of the treatment, higher interhemispheric symmetry in raclopride binding to D2R was generally associated with reduced forelimb akinesia. Our findings indicate that striatal BoNT‐A treatment diminishes motor impairment and induces changes in D1 and D2 binding site density in the 6‐OHDA rat model of PD.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an acute response of articular chondrocytes to mechanical injury
Authors: Delco Michelle L. , Bonnevie Edward D. , Bonassar Lawrence J. , Fortier Lisa A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMitochondrial (MT) dysfunction is known to occur in chondrocytes isolated from end‐stage osteoarthritis (OA) patients, but the role of MT dysfunction in the initiation and early pathogenesis of post‐traumatic OA (PTOA) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate chondrocyte MT function immediately following mechanical injury in cartilage, and to determine if the response to injury differed between a weight bearing region (medial femoral condyle; MFC) and a non‐weight bearing region (distal patellofemoral groove; PFG) of the same joint. Cartilage was harvested from the MFC and PFG of 10 neonatal bovids, and subjected to injurious compression at varying magnitudes (5‐17 MPa, 5‐34 GPa/s) using a rapid single‐impact model. Chondrocyte MT respiratory function, MT membrane polarity, chondrocyte viability, and cell membrane damage were assessed in situ. Cartilage impact resulted in MT depolarization and impaired MT respiratory function within 2 h of injury. Cartilage from a non‐weight bearing region of the joint (PFG) was more sensitive to impact‐induced MT dysfunction and chondrocyte death than cartilage from a weight‐bearing surface (MFC). Our findings suggest that MT dysfunction is an acute response of chondrocytes to cartilage injury, and that MT may play a key mechanobiological role in the initiation and early pathogenesis of PTOA. Clinical significance: Direct therapeutic targeting of MT function in the early post‐injury time frame may provide a strategy to block perpetuation of tissue damage and prevent the development of PTOA. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:739–750, 2018.
Rheology and microstructure of gels based on wheat arabinoxylans enzymatically modified in arabinose to xylose ratio
Authors: Marquez‐Escalante Jorge A , Carvajal‐Millan Elizabeth , Yadav Madhav P , Kale Madhuvanti , Rascon‐Chu Agustín , Gardea Alfonso A , Valenzuela‐Soto Elisa M , Lopez‐Franco Yolanda L , Lizardi‐Mendoza Jaime , Faulds Craig B 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDArabinoxylans (AX) are polysaccharides consisting of a backbone of xyloses with arabinose substituents ester‐linked to ferulic acid (FA). The arabinose to xylose ratio (A/X) in AX may vary from 0.3 to 1.1. AX form covalent gels by cross‐linking of FA but physical interactions between AX chains also contribute to the network formation. The present study aimed to investigate the rheological and microstructural characteristics of gels based on AX enzymatically modified in A/X.RESULTSTailored AX presented A/X ranging from 0.68 to 0.51 and formed covalent gels. Dimers of FA content and elasticity (G′) increased from 0.31 to 0.39 g kg–1 AX and from 106 to 164 Pa when the A/X in the polysaccharide decreased from 0.68 to 0.51. Atomic force microscopy images of AX gels showed a sponge‐like microstructure at A/X = 0.68, whereas, at lower values, gels presented a more compact microstructure. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of AX gels show an arrangement of different morphology, passing from an imperfect honeycomb (A/X = 0.68) to a flake‐like microstructure (A/X = 0.51).CONCLUSIONLower A/X values favor the aggregation of AX chains resulting in an increase in di‐FA content, which improves the rheological and microstructural characteristics of the gel formed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Tc‐99m tilmanocept versus Tc‐99m sulfur colloid in breast cancer sentinel lymph node identification: Results from a randomized, blinded clinical trial
Authors: Unkart Jonathan T. , Hosseini Ava , Wallace Anne M. 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionNo prior trials have compared sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification outcomes between Tc‐99m tilmanocept (TcTM) and Tc‐99m sulfur colloid (TcSC) in breast cancer (BC).MethodsWe report on the secondary outcomes from a randomized, double‐blinded, single surgeon clinical trial comparing post‐injection site pain between TcTM and TcSC. Patients were randomized to receive a preoperative single, peritumoral intradermal injection of TcTM or TcSC. The number of total, “hot”, and blue nodes detected and removed were compared between groups.ResultsFifty‐two (27‐TcSC and 25‐TcTM) patients were enrolled and underwent definitive surgical treatment. At least one “hot” SLN was detected in all patients. Three (5.8%) patients had a disease positive‐SLN. The total number of SLNs removed was 61 (mean 2.26 (standard deviation (SD) 0.90)) in the TcSC group and 54 (mean 2.16 (SD 0.90)) in the TcTM group, P = 0.69. The total number of “hot” nodes in the TcSC group was 1.96 (SD 0.76) compared to 2.04 (SD 0.73) in the TcTM group, P = 0.71.ConclusionsThe number of identified SLNs did not differ significantly between TcTM and TcSC. Given that no significant technical advantages exist between the two agents, surgeons should choose a radiopharmaceutical based on cost and side effect profile.
Experimental Warming Aggravates Degradation‐Induced Topsoil Drought in Alpine Meadows of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xue Xian , You Quangang , Peng Fei , Dong Siyang , Duan Hanchen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClimatic warming is presumed to cause topsoil drought by increasing evapotranspiration and water infiltration, and by progressively inducing land degradation in alpine meadows of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. However, how soil moisture and temperature patterns of degraded alpine meadows respond to climate warming remains unclear. A 6‐year continuous warming experiment was carried out in both degraded and undegraded alpine meadows in the source region of the Yangtze River. The goal was to identify the effects of climatic warming and land degradation on soil moisture (θ), soil surface temperature (Tsfc), and soil temperature (Ts). In the present study, land degradation significantly reduced θ by 4·5–6·1% at a depth of 0–100 cm (p < 0·001) and increased the annual mean Tsfc by 0·8 °C. Warming with an infrared heater (radiation output of 150 W m−2) significantly increased the annual mean Tsfc by 2·5 °C (p < 0·001) and significantly increased θ by 4·7% at a depth of 40–60 cm. Experimental warming in degraded land reversed the positive effects of the infrared heater and caused the yearly average θ to decrease significantly by 3·7–8·1% at a depth of 0–100 cm. Our research reveals that land degradation caused a significant water deficit near the soil surface. Experimental warming aggravated topsoil drought caused by land degradation, intensified the magnitude of degradation, and caused a positive feedback in the degraded alpine meadow ecosystem. Therefore, an immediate need exists to restore degraded alpine meadow grasslands in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in anticipation of a warmer future. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.