bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Complexes of Thallium(I) and ‐(III) Containing 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane (L) Ligands. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reduction of [L2Tl(III)]3+ . Crystal Structure of(N′,N′,N"‐Trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane)thallium(l) Hexafluorophosphate.
Authors: WIEGHARDT K. , KLEINE‐BOYMANN M. , NUBER B. , WEISS J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 1:1 molar reactions of the macrocyclic triamines with TICI, ‐4H2O in refluxing Chloroform or with TI(NO3)3 and added NaBr or Nal in aqueous solution Iead to the 1:1 complexes (I) with proposed fac‐structure.
ChemInform Abstract: The Metallaoxirane‐Type Structure of Cp2ZrCl(CPh2OCH3) and the Question of Modeling the Chemistry of Alkylidene Units on a Metal Oxide Surface.
Authors: ERKER G. , DORF U. , ATWOOD J. L. , HUNTER W. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMolecu‐ Iar and crystal structure of the title complex (I) (space group P2,2,2" Z=4), prepared as described previously, are determined by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Preparation of Triplatinum Complex with a Linear Structure and Its Transformation to an A‐Frame Structure.
Authors: YAMAMOTO Y. , TAKAHASHI K. , YAMAZAKI H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe potentiostatic electrolysis of (I) gave the dimer (II) and a compound (III), the IR spectrum of which showed only terminal isocyanide ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions Relevant to the Mechanism of the Ninhydrin Reaction.
Authors: GRIGG R. , MALONE J. F. , MONGKOLAUSSAVARATANA T. , THIANPATANAGUL S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRuhemanns Purpur (I) reagiert in seiner protonierten Form (II) mit Maleinsäurederivaten (III) zu Adduklen (IV) und mit Methylpropiolat (V) zur Verbindung (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Photochemistry. Part 34. Synthetic Strategy of 5‐8‐5‐Membered Tricyclic Higher Terpenoids Based on the Condensation of Two Optically Active Iridoids, C10‐Synthons Obtained from Photo‐Cycloadduct of Methyl 2,4‐Dioxopentanoate ‐ Isoprene, and Its Application to a Synthesis of the Basic Carbon Skeleton of Fusicoccane.
Authors: KATO N. , NAKANISHI K. , TAKESHITA H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOptical resolution of the (d,l)‐diol (I) is achieved by treatment with trimethoxymethane (II) and the potassium salt of 1‐menthol (III) to form, via an orthoester, the 1‐menthyliridenoates (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active (+)‐4‐Demethoxydaunomycinone.
Authors: KIMURA Y. , SUZUKI M. , MATSUMOTO T. , ABE R. , TERASHIMA S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuinizalin (I) is oxidized to give the tetrone (II), which undergoes DieIs‐Alder reaction with chloroprene (III) to afford the tetracyclic tetrone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylation of α‐Cyanoalkylidene Esters and Acids. Synthesis of Cyclohexyl Constituents of the Pheromone of the Boll Weevil.
Authors: GHOSH A. , BANERJEE U. K. , VENKATESWARAN R. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDe‐ethoxycarbonylation of the ester (II) or decarboxylation of the acid (IV) Ieads to the nitrile (III), which exists as four isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Retrosynthetic and Synthetic Chemistry on Amphotericin B. Synthesis of C(1) ‐ C(20) and C(21)‐ C(38) Fragments and Construction of the 38‐Membered Macrocycle
Authors: NICOLAOU K. C. , CHAKRABORTY T. K. , DAINES R. A. , SIMPKINS N. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAmphotericin (I) wird gemäß Formelschema in die Fragmente (1V) und (V) um".
Vismodegib or cixutumumab in combination with standard chemotherapy for patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer: A trial of the ECOG‐ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E1508)
Authors: Belani Chandra P. , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Rudin Charles M. , Fleisher Martin , Chen Helen X. , Takebe Naoko , Velasco Mario R. , Tester William J. , Sturtz Keren , Hann Christine L. , Shanks James C. , Monga Manish , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Schiller Joan H. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDPreclinical targeting of the hedgehog pathway by vismodegib and of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor by cixutumumab enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy and also demonstrates activity against the tumor cell fraction responsible for disease recurrence in small cell lung cancer.METHODSPatients with newly diagnosed extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC‐ED) were randomized to receive four 21‐day cycles of cisplatin and etoposide alone (cisplatin at 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and etoposide at 100 mg/m2 on days 1‐3; arm A) or in combination with either vismodegib (150 mg/d by mouth; arm B) or cixutumumab (6 mg/kg/wk intravenously on day 1; arm C). The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were isolated/enumerated with the Veridex CellSearch platform at the baseline.RESULTSOne hundred fifty‐two eligible patients were treated. Patient demographics and disease characteristics were well balanced between the 3 arms except for the higher rate with a performance status of 0 in arm B (P = .03). The median PFS times in arms A, B, and C were 4.4, 4.4, and 4.6 months, respectively; the median overall survival (OS) times were 8.8, 9.8, and 10.1 months, respectively; and the response rates were 48%, 56%, and 50%, respectively. None of the comparisons of these outcomes were statistically significant. The median OS was 10.5 months for those with low CTC counts (≤100/7.5 mL) at baseline and 7.2 months for those with high CTC counts (hazard ratio, 1.74; P = .006).CONCLUSIONSThere was no significant improvement in PFS or OS with the addition of either vismodegib or cixutumumab to chemotherapy in patients with SCLC‐ED. A low baseline CTC count was associated with a favorable prognosis. Cancer 2016;122:2371–2378. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Inversion response to optimize lumped‐element circuits for metamaterial
Authors: Uddin M. Jasim , Ullah M. Habib , Latef T. A. , Mahadi W. N. L. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYEnhancing electromagnetic research on prior light bend mechanisms is a significant issue for composite material phenomena, and one that is not available in nature. The unit cell of metamaterial can be revised, such that it is significantly smaller than the free space of the wavelength. It is essential to extend the appropriate retrieval process to measure electrical and magnetic responses to the backward wave propagation and dispersion diagram characteristics. In this paper, we propose a retrieval process inversion response between known and unknown parameters of the lumped unit‐cell circuits that optimizes the best fit parameters. By utilizing the optimization of particle swarm techniques, we provide appropriate values of periodic unit cells of CRLH transmission line circuits that matched with the microstrip implementation model. The group velocity of the wave is indicated in the parallel direction, whereas the phase velocity is in the anti‐parallel direction. The dispersion diagram displayed a specifically left‐handed and right‐handed medium, and a tiny band gap appeared in the attenuation medium. The constitutive parameters of dielectric permittivity, permeability, and refractive index were obtained from the periodic composite transmission line circuits.
dHb9 expressing larval motor neurons persist through metamorphosis to innervate adult‐specific muscle targets and function in Drosophila eclosion
Authors: Banerjee Soumya , Toral Marcus , Siefert Matthew , Conway David , Dorr Meredith , Fernandes Joyce 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe Drosophila larval nervous system is radically restructured during metamorphosis to produce adult specific neural circuits and behaviors. Genesis of new neurons, death of larval neurons and remodeling of those neurons that persistent collectively act to shape the adult nervous system. Here, we examine the fate of a subset of larval motor neurons during this restructuring process. We used a dHb9 reporter, in combination with the FLP/FRT system to individually identify abdominal motor neurons in the larval to adult transition using a combination of relative cell body location, axonal position, and muscle targets. We found that segment specific cell death of some dHb9 expressing motor neurons occurs throughout the metamorphosis period and continues into the post‐eclosion period. Many dHb9 > GFP expressing neurons however persist in the two anterior hemisegments, A1 and A2, which have segment specific muscles required for eclosion while a smaller proportion also persist in A2–A5. Consistent with a functional requirement for these neurons, ablating them during the pupal period produces defects in adult eclosion. In adults, subsequent to the execution of eclosion behaviors, the NMJs of some of these neurons were found to be dismantled and their muscle targets degenerate. Our studies demonstrate a critical continuity of some larval motor neurons into adults and reveal that multiple aspects of motor neuron remodeling and plasticity that are essential for adult motor behaviors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1387–1416, 2016
A phylogenetic analysis of macroevolutionary patterns in fermentative yeasts
Authors: Paleo‐López Rocío , Quintero‐Galvis Julian F. , Solano‐Iguaran Jaiber J. , Sanchez‐Salazar Angela M. , Gaitan‐Espitia Juan D. , Nespolo Roberto F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhen novel sources of ecological opportunity are available, physiological innovations can trigger adaptive radiations. This could be the case of yeasts (Saccharomycotina), in which an evolutionary novelty is represented by the capacity to exploit simple sugars from fruits (fermentation). During adaptive radiations, diversification and morphological evolution are predicted to slow‐down after early bursts of diversification. Here, we performed the first comparative phylogenetic analysis in yeasts, testing the “early burst” prediction on species diversification and also on traits of putative ecological relevance (cell‐size and fermentation versatility). We found that speciation rates are constant during the time‐range we considered (ca., 150 millions of years). Phylogenetic signal of both traits was significant (but lower for cell‐size), suggesting that lineages resemble each other in trait‐values. Disparity analysis suggested accelerated evolution (diversification in trait values above Brownian Motion expectations) in cell‐size. We also found a significant phylogenetic regression between cell‐size and fermentation versatility (R2 = 0.10), which suggests correlated evolution between both traits. Overall, our results do not support the early burst prediction both in species and traits, but suggest a number of interesting evolutionary patterns, that warrant further exploration. For instance, we show that the Whole Genomic Duplication that affected a whole clade of yeasts, does not seems to have a statistically detectable phenotypic effect at our level of analysis. In this regard, further studies of fermentation under common‐garden conditions combined with comparative analyses are warranted.
Genetic structure and diversity of natural and domesticated populations of Citrus medica L. in the Eastern Himalayan region of Northeast India
Authors: Barbhuiya Atiqur R. , Khan Mohammed L. , Dayanandan Selvadurai 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCitron (Citrus medica L.) is a medicinally important species of citrus native to India and occurs in natural forests and home gardens in the foothills of the eastern Himalayan region of northeast India. The wild populations of citron in the region have undergone rapid decline due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances and most of the remaining individuals of citron are found in fragmented natural forests and home gardens in the region. In order to assess the genetic structure and diversity of citron in wild and domesticated populations, we analyzed 219 individuals of C. medica collected from four wild and eight domesticated populations using microsatellite markers. The genetic analysis based on five polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed an average of 13.40 allele per locus. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged between 0.220–0.540 and 0.438–0.733 respectively among the wild and domesticated populations. Domesticated populations showed close genetic relationships as compared to wild populations and pairwise Nei's genetic distance ranged from 0.062 to 2.091 among wild and domesticated populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed higher genetic diversity among‐ than within populations. The analysis of population structure revealed five groups. Mixed ancestry of few individuals of different populations revealed exchange of genetic materials among farmers in the region. Citron populations in the region show high genetic variation. The knowledge gained through this study is invaluable for devising genetically sound strategies for conservation of citron genetic resources in the region.
A meta‐analytic review of brief guided self‐help education for chronic pain
Authors: Liegl G. , Boeckle M. , Leitner A. , Pieh C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUp to 30% of the population in Western countries suffer from chronic pain. The treatment of chronic pain causes medical and socioeconomic problems. Guided self‐help (GSH) might be an effective supplementary treatment, however, the size of this effect is unclear. This meta‐analysis quantifies the effect of GSH on chronic pain. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, Psyndex, Psycinfo and Scopus. Studies that investigated GSH in chronic pain conditions (children and adults) were included. Disability, quality of life and pain severity were defined as main outcomes. We conducted random effects models to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs). By applying mixed models and subgroup analyses, we examined the moderating effects of sample characteristics (age; pain region), GSH format (online; face‐to‐face contact) and study characteristics (study quality; control condition). We identified 16 eligible studies, including 739 subjects. Between‐group analyses resulted in a medium, but heterogeneous effect size for pain severity (SMD = 0.51; CI95: 0.21, 0.81). After excluding two samples suggesting small study bias, the effect on pain severity was small but homogeneous (SMD = 0.34; CI95: 0.13, 0.54). We found a small effect size for disability (SMD = 0.30; CI95: 0.10, 0.50). The pooled effect size for quality of life did not reach significance (SMD = 0.24; CI95: −0.07, 0.54). We conclude that GSH has a small but robust effect on pain severity and disability in chronic pain patients. This applies to various GSH formats and patient populations. It seems reasonable to integrate GSH into clinical practice as a supplemental treatment option.What does this review add?The present meta‐analytic review found small but robust effects of guided self‐help interventions for the treatment of chronic pain.
The acute toxicity of major ion salts to Ceriodaphnia dubia: I. influence of background water chemistry
Authors: Mount David R. , Erickson Russell J. , Highland Terry L. , Hockett J. Russell , Hoff Dale J. , Jenson Correne T. , Norberg-King Teresa J. , Peterson Kira N. , Polaske Zachary M. , Wisniewski Stephanie 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

The ions Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3−/CO32− (referred to in the present study as “major ions”) are present in all freshwaters and physiologically required by aquatic organisms but can increase to harmful levels from a variety of anthropogenic activities. It is also known that the toxicities of major ion salts can vary depending on the concentrations of other ions, and understanding these relationships is key to establishing appropriate environmental limits. The authors present a series of experiments with Ceriodaphnia dubia to evaluate the acute toxicity of 12 major ion salts and to determine how toxicity of these salts varies as a function of background water chemistry. All salts except CaSO4 and CaCO3 were acutely toxic below saturation, with the lowest median lethal concentrations found for K salts. All 10 salts that showed toxicity also showed some degree of reduced toxicity as the ionic content of the background water increased. Experiments that independently varied Ca:Mg ratio, Na:K ratio, Cl:SO4 ratio, and alkalinity/pH demonstrated that Ca concentration was the primary factor influencing the toxicities of Na and Mg salts, whereas the toxicities of K salts were primarily influenced by the concentration of Na. These experiments also indicated multiple mechanisms of toxicity and suggested important aspects of dosimetry; the toxicities of K, Mg, and Ca salts were best related to the chemical activity of the cation, whereas the toxicities of Na salts also reflected an influence of the anions and were well correlated with osmolarity. Understanding these relationships between major ion toxicity and background water chemistry should aid in the development of sensible risk-assessments and regulatory standards. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3039–3057. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Prevention of microbial hazard on fresh‐cut lettuce through adoption of food safety and hygienic practices by lettuce farmers
Authors: Oyinlola Lateefah A. , Obadina Adewale O. , Omemu Adebukunola M. , Oyewole Olusola B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLettuce is consumed raw in salads and is susceptible to microbial contamination through environment, agricultural practices, and its morphology, thus, a potential vehicle for food‐borne illness. This study investigated the effect of adoption of food safety and hygienic practices by lettuce farmers on the microbial safety of field sourced lettuce in Lagos State, Nigeria. Ten structured questionnaires were administered randomly to 10 lettuce farmers to assess food safety and hygienic practices (FSH). Two farmers who practice FSH and two farmers who do not practice NFSH were finally used for this study. Samples of ready‐to‐harvest lettuce, manure applied, and irrigation water were obtained for a period of five months (August – December 2013) and analyzed for total plate count (TPC), total coliform count (TCC), Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. counts. Result of microbial analyses of lettuce samples was compared with international microbiological specification for ready‐to‐eat foods. Results showed that the range of TPC on lettuce was 6.00 to 8.11 LogCFU/g from FSH farms and TPC of lettuce samples from NFSH farms ranged from 6.66 to 13.64 LogCFU/g. 1.49 to 4.85LogCFU/g were TCC ranges from lettuce samples obtained from FSH farms while NFSH farms had TCC ranging between 3.95 and 10.86 LogCFU/g, respectively. The range of isolated pathogen count on lettuce from FSH and NFSH farms exceeded the international safety standard; there was a significant difference in the microbial count of lettuce from FSH farms and NFSH farms. This study concludes that the lettuce samples obtained did not pass the international microbial safety standards. FSH compliance is a major determinant of the microbial safety of lettuce. Hence, the institution of FSH on farm to improve microbial safety of lettuce produced for public consumption is emphasized.
Numerical modelling of the relationship between the present tectonic stress field and the earthquakes in the Western Pacific Subduction Zone
Authors: Dai L. M. , Li S. Z. , Guo L. L. , Suo Y. H. , Zhang J. , Hu M. Y. , Li Q. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tectonic stress field of the Western Pacific Subduction Zone (WPSZ) has been affected by the interaction among the Euro‐Asian, Philippine and Pacific Plates, and the effect is manifested by the occurrence of huge earthquakes in this region. Here, using numerical simulation of the finite element method, attempts were made to evaluate the NW‐directed subduction of the Western Pacific Plate on the three secondary subduction zones, namely the Japan Subduction Zone, the Izu‐Bonin Subduction Zone and the Mariana Subduction Zone. In these zones, the structural geometry and viscoelastic property of the model were determined, as well as two main megathrust fault planes identified, by means of a comprehensive structural analysis of tomography and Crustal 2.0 data. This study shows that the tectonic stress field and earthquakes in the three secondary subduction zones have different distribution features under continuous NW‐directed subduction of the Western Pacific Plate; i.e. (1) the strong coupling area in the Japan Subduction Zone reflected subducted seamounts, ocean ridges or other topographic highs that control the frequent occurrence of historical large earthquakes and stress concentration; (2) in Izu‐Bonin Subduction Zone, there were fewer earthquakes compared with the Japan Subduction Zone, the reason for this kind of distribution is that the contact area and properties have been changed between the subducting Pacific Oceanic Plate and the overlying Philippine Oceanic Plate; and (3) earthquakes that happened in the Mariana Subduction Zone have complicated types, including thrust‐type, normal‐type and strike‐slip‐type earthquakes, which are triggered by the subducting and retreating of the Pacific Oceanic Plate, and an angular difference between the subducting direction of the Pacific Oceanic Plate and the strike of the Mariana Trench. In summary, formation of differences among the tectonic stress field and earthquake distribution of the three subduction zones are correlated not only to the geometrical structures of the major faults but also to the subducted seamounts and the strike directions of the trenches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loneliness, depression and cognitive function in older U.S. adults
Authors: Donovan Nancy J. , Wu Qiong , Rentz Dorene M. , Sperling Reisa A. , Marshall Gad A. , Glymour M. Maria 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo examine reciprocal relations of loneliness and cognitive function in older adults.MethodsData were analyzed from 8382 men and women, age 65 and older, participating in the US Health and Retirement Study from 1998 to 2010. Participants underwent biennial assessments of loneliness and depression (classified as no, low or high depression) determined by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (8‐item version), cognition (a derived memory score based on a word list memory task and proxy‐rated memory and global cognitive function), health status and social and demographic characteristics from 1998 to 2010. We used repeated measures analysis to examine the reciprocal relations of loneliness and cognitive function in separate models controlling sequentially and cumulatively for socio‐demographic factors, social network, health conditions and depression.ResultsLoneliness at baseline predicted accelerated cognitive decline over 12 years independent of baseline socio‐demographic factors, social network, health conditions and depression (β = −0.2, p = 0.002). After adjustment for depression interacting with time, both low and high depression categories were related to faster cognitive decline and the estimated effect of loneliness became marginally significant. Reciprocally, poorer cognition at baseline was associated with greater odds of loneliness over time in adjusted analyses (OR 1.3, 95% CI (1.1–1.5) p = 0.005), but not when controlling for baseline depression. Furthermore, cognition did not predict change in loneliness over time.ConclusionExamining longitudinal data across a broad range of cognitive abilities, loneliness and depressive symptoms appear to be related risk factors for worsening cognition but low cognitive function does not lead to worsening loneliness over time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.