bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ethnomedicinal survey of medicinal plants from a sacred forest of Western Odisha, India.
Authors: Pradhan Antaryami , Mishra Satyendra Prasad , Behera Niranjan 
Published: March 2017

<p>Sacred forests are being protected by means of cultural and religious beliefs by the local communities and act as people participatory conservation sites for several important medicinal plants. Sacred forests are one of the oldest forms of biodiversity conservation sites still effectively managed by local people and act as in-situ conservation sites. In this context, the present study was carried out in Andhari sacred forest of Jharsuguda district as to collect the information regarding the traditional ethno medicinal knowledge acquired by the local medical practitioners. Only few indigenous people have adequate knowledge regarding the medicinal plants and their uses. These traditional knowledge were rapidly degrading and if not documented will be lost forever. The present study reveals the presence of 91 plants species belonging to 46 families being used by the practitioners to treat various diseases like dysentery, diarrhea, indigestion, worm infection, wound healing, headache, stomach disorders, Rheumatic disorders, snake bite, poisonous bite, menstrual problem etc. This ethnomedicinal information further needs to be validated by clinical trials for their safe uses. The study also reported the existence of 8 RET (Rare, Endangered and Threatened) medicinally important species which makes this site a biological hotspot and needs further effective conservation efforts.</p>
Phytochemical analysis and DPPH scavenging activity of <em>Combretum punctatum</em> var. squamosum (Combretaceae), an ethnomedicinal plant of Mizoram.
Authors: Thanzami Kawl , Kakoti Bibhuti Bhusan , Famkima Christopher VL , Lalhlenmawia H 
Published: March 2017

<p>The main objective of the study is to determine the phytochemical constituents and the DPPH scavenging activity of the aqueous extract of <em>Combretum punctatum</em> var. <em>squamosum</em>. The phytochemical screening revealed that the crude aqueous extract contained phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols and diterpenes while alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids were found to be absent. The total phenol and flavonoid content in the crude aqueous extract was found to be comparatively high, i.e. 111 mg/g GAE and 120.99 mg/g QE respectively. It was also found that the % DPPH scavenging activity was very high and comparable to the standard used. The IC50 value of the aqueous extract was found to be 1.76 mg/ml which is lower but comparable to the IC50 value of the standard.</p>
Phytochemical analysis, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity of <em>Acalypha indica</em> leaf extracts in different organic solvents
Authors: Sudhakar Chekuri , Vankudothu Narendar , Panjala Shivaprasad , Babu Rao Nirmala , Anupalli Roja Rani 
Published: March 2017

The herb <em>Acalypha indica </em>which belongs to Euphorbiaceae family has multiple medicinal properties which include anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-helmintic, anti-cancerous, anti-venom, and neuro-protective activity. The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical, antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activity of <em>Acalypha indica </em>leaves extracts in different solvent extractions like methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. Fresh leaves of the plant were collected and shade dried. Dried leaves were milled to obtain powder. Powder was subjected to soxhlet extraction using solvents and extracts were successively obtained. Phytochemical analysis was conducted following standard methods. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Alkaloids, Phenols, Saponins, Flavanoids and Amino acids. Leaf extract of methonal have shown the highest anti-oxidation capacity than hexane, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. Anti-microbial activity has been performed on microbes like <em>Bacillus sps</em>, <em>E.coli,</em> <em>Psuedomonas sps</em> and <em>Streptococcus sps.</em> A highest value of zone of inhibition was found in methanol extract against <em>E.coli.</em> These results provide evidence that <em>Acalypha indica </em>leaf extract possesses vital phytochemicals, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Hence this plant can be studied further for drug analysis for finding potent medicines for diseases.
Evaluation of total phenolics, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of rhizome extracts from select Zingiberaceae species in South India
Authors: Tumbath Soumya , Theyyankandi Lakshmipriya , Pullampara Rajamma Jayasree , Panickassery Ramakrishnan Manish Kumar 
Published: March 2017

<p class="Default">Zingiberaceae family members are well known for their ethnobotanical diversity and medicinal importance. This study aimed to evaluate total phenolic content, antioxidant and antiproliferative capacity of five different organic solvent extracts prepared from the rhizomes of <em>Curcuma mutabilis</em> (CM)<em>, Curcuma haritha </em>(CH)<em>, Curcuma neilgherrensis</em> (CN) and<em> Zingiber anamalayanum</em> (ZA), four hitherto unexplored Zingiberaceae species. Folin-<span class="tgc">Ciocalteu method and </span>DPPH radical scavenging assay were used to determine respectively the total phenolic content and<span class="tgc"> antioxidant </span>capacity.<span class="tgc"> </span>The antiproliferative activity of the extracts were tested against four human cancer cell lines – K562, REH, Nalm6 and MCF7 to ascertain the IC<sub>50</sub> values. Based on total phenolic content, extracts were classified into high-H (&gt; 150 mg GAE/g), medium-M (50-150 mg GAE/g) and low-L (&lt; 50 mg GAE/g) categories. Likewise, percentages of DPPH scavenging activity of extracts were also grouped into high-H (&gt; 50%), medium-M (25 – 50%) and low-L (&lt; 25%) categories. Ten of the twenty extracts exhibited strong cytotoxicity with an IC<sub>50 </sub>value less than 30 μg/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first report on quantitative assessment of total phenolics, antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of organic solvent extracts of rhizomes from the above mentioned plants.</p>
Anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of the antioxidant extract from <em>Baccharis trimera</em> Less. (DC)
Authors: Nunes Otalíbio Castiglioni , Jamal Claudia Masrouah , Kitagawa Rodrigo Rezende , Gonçalves Rita de Cássia Ribeiro 
Published: March 2017

<p>One of the main risk factors for the development of stomach ulcers and cancer is infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which is accompanied by considerable oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of B. trimera hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and aqueous (AqF), hexanic (HxF), and acetonitrile/chloroform (ACF) fractions, as well as their oxidant potentials.</p><p>A preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was assessed using a microdilution assay. After exposure to the investigated samples, the bacterial morphology was analysed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The antioxidant activity was evaluated in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 •- ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hydroxyl radical (HO • ) and nitric oxide (NO • ) assays.</p><p>The highest concentration of polyphenols was found in HE, the highest concentration of flavonoids was found in ACF, and of tannins was found in AqF. In the anti-H. pylori assay, the MIC 90 was 512 µg/mL for HE and 1024 µg/mL for ACF, which was bactericidal. The SEM showed morphological alterations such as cell lysis in the tested samples. In the O 2 •- inhibition assay, the EC 50 of AqF was 5.85 ± 0.86. In the HOCl, HO • radical, NO • and H 2 O 2 scavenging assays, the best results were in ACF, with an EC 50 of 15.50 ± 0.80, 2.90 ± 0.48, 132.13 ± 7.38 and 66.70 ± 2.30 µg/mL, respectively. The analyses indicate that compounds present in B. trimera, especially in HE and ACF, are promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by H. pylori.</p>
How to Understand the Complexity of Endometriosis-Related Pain
Authors: Chiantera Vito , Abesadze Elene , Mechsner Sylvia 
Published: March 2017

Pain is the most important symptom in patients with endometriosis, and its management is truly challenging. Due to the different localization of the endometriotic lesions in the pelvis, patients suffer from visceral and somatic pain or both at the same time. There are specific and unspecific symptoms characterized by endometriosis. Specific symptoms include dysmenorrhea, cyclic and acyclic pelvic pain, dyschezia, dysuria and dyspareunia. There is also a wide range of unspecific symptoms, such as unspecific bowel and bladder complaints, the emission of pain in the legs, vegetative concomitants like vomiting, emesis, gastric disorders, headaches, dizziness, painful ovulation, irregular pelvic pain, lower back pain, chronic fatigue. These symptoms can be both cyclic and acyclic, and in most cases, they are permanent. Visceral and somatic pain are completely different pain subtypes and can therefore be an explanation for the wide variety of symptoms. The close interaction between visceral sensory nerve fibers and the autonomic ganglia explain the high rate of concomitant vegetative reactions, such as vomiting and orthostatic dysregulation. In general, pain generation is a complex interplay of peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms. Accordingly, the pain produced in endometriotic lesions is the result of mediating substances, nerve fibers, cytokine-releasing immune cells and macrophages synthesis. These interactions seem to stimulate the neurogenic inflammatory process and sensitization of the peripheral nerves. Furthermore, the disruption of the input on the level of the spinal cord and the recognition of the pain in the brain may lead to exaggerated responses known as central hyperalgesia. Hormones and psychological factors influence the pain sensation and make the status of each patient very individual. Consequently, the involvement of professional pain management along with an implementation of pain-coping strategies in the patient's everyday life are obligatory in chronic pain situations. An additional osteopathic treatment with a manual resolve of muscle blockades to avoid secondary “pain intensifying” changes of the pelvic floor (tension) or malposition through relieving posture, is also recommended. Pain management in patients with endometriosis is very complex and requires an individual treatment strategy for each patient to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. This information proves that it is hard to break the cycle of pain when chronic pain syndrome is already apparent.
Leiomyoma of the renal capsule: case report and literature review
Authors: Filianoti Alessio , Paganelli Aurelio , Bassi PierFrancesco , Simone Giuseppe , Ranieri Antonio 
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Mesenchymal tumors are an exceptional finding in the urinary tract and renal leiomyoma is even more rare. They are usually discovered incidentally during ultrasonography examinations or autopsy. Sometimes they are clinically symptomatic with hematuria, flank pain, or palpable mass. Till today, it is still difficult to make a diagnosis of leiomyoma using the radiological examinations. Although conventional imaging has a high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of both retroperitoneal and renal masses, the diagnosis is based on histological examination, due to the poor discrimination accuracy between different retroperitoneal tumors. Case description: We report a case of renal leiomyoma in a 47-year-old woman, who incidentally discovered a retroperitoneal mass with an abdominal ultrasound scheduled for a conventional follow-up schedule of a mammary neoplasm. Partial nephrectomy was carried out with an open flank surgical approach and the diagnosis was “leiomyoma of the renal capsule”. Four years after surgery, the patient is disease-free. Conclusions: Renal leiomyomas are rare, benign, nonmetastasizing tumors with a good prognosis after surgical treatment. At present, the differential diagnosis is still possible by histopathological examination.
Procesos urbanos de posguerra: concepciones para una ciudad retal: Varsovia
Authors: López Jiménez Jose Maria 
Published: March 2017

El trabajo urbanístico sobre espacios obsoletos, arraigados en las ciudades, siempre ha venido formulado mediante procesos urbanos cambiantes. En determinados momentos el urbanismo ha sido golpeado por acontecimientos concurrentes en tiempo, modo y velocidad con una destrucción sistémica de la ciudad. El presente documento se centra en dar a conocer, partiendo de la percepción del ambiente histórico, las diferentes soluciones planteadas a la hora de re-capacitar el urbanismo. Partiendo del conocimiento teórico de determinadas líneas de pensamiento, convergentes en una misma época, el siglo XX, se pretende ver tanto su confluencia como su proyección urbana en el desarrollo de la recomposición de los fragmentos de ciudad. La elección de Varsovia se fundamenta en usar como base un modelo cuya extensa y masiva devastación, permitió planear con una incesante lluvia de novedosas y diversas ideas caracterizadas por las concepciones internacionales coetáneas originando un nuevo modelo urbano, tránsito entre una ciudad compacta a una ciudad diluida.
El treball urbanístic sobre espais obsolets, lligats a les ciutats, sempre ha vingut formulat mitjançant processos urbans canviants.En determinats moments l'urbanisme ha estat colpejat per successos concurrents en el temps, mode i velocitat amb una destrucció sistèmica de la ciutat. El present document es centra en donar a conèixer, partint de la percepció de l'ambient històric, les diferents solucions plantejades a l'hora de re-capacitar l'urbanisme.Partint del coneixement teòric de determinades línies de pensament, convergents en una mateixa època, el segle XX, es pretén veure tant la seva confluència com la seva projecció urbana en el desenvolupament de la recomposició dels fragments de ciutat.L'elecció de Varsòvia es fonamenta en usar com a base un model caracteritzat per una extensa i massiva devastació, la cual va permetre planejar com una incessant pluja de novedoses i diverses idees caracteritzades per les concepcions internacionals coetànies originant un nou model urbà, trànsit entre una ciutat compacta a una ciutat diluïda.
The Urban Planning around obsolete spaces rooted in the cities it has always been made by changing urban processes. At certain times urbanism has been hit by concurrent events in time, manner and speed with a systemic destruction of the city. This paper focuses on publicizing, based on the perception of historical environment, the different solutions proposed at the time of re-training planning. Based on the theoretical knowledge of certain lines of thought, converged in the same time, the twentieth century, is intended to see as much as their urban confluence projection in the development of the recomposition the fragments of the city. The choice of Warsaw is based on using as a basis a model whose extensive and massive devastation allowed planning an incessant rain of new and different ideas characterized by contemporaneous international conceptions causing a new urban model, transit between a compact city to a dilute city
« Voir par eux-mêmes à l’administration de leurs propres affaires »
Authors: Beaulieu Alain , Béreau Stéphanie 
Published: March 2017

Jusqu’au début duxixesiècle, les Britanniques recherchent surtout l’appui militaire des Premières Nations. Après la guerre de 1812, ils s’engagent progressivement dans une nouvelle politique, celle de « civilisation » : à partir des années 1830, ce programme se traduit dans plusieurs lois destinées à contrôler la vie des autochtones et à favoriser leur intégration à la société dominante. Les structures politiques traditionnelles sont rapidement visées par cet effort. En 1869, le Parlement canadien adopte des mesures destinées à abolir les chefferies traditionnelles pour les remplacer par des conseils de bande élus, mais ce n’est qu’à la fin des années 1890 qu’Ottawa parvient à les imposer au Québec. Ce système perdure encore aujourd’hui, les pouvoirs des conseils de bande ayant toutefois été élargis après 1951, entre autres avec l’adoption d’une nouvelle loi sur les Indiens. L’objet de cet article est d’éclairer l’étude de l’implantation et du fonctionnement des conseils de bande en étudiant un exemple particulier, celui de la réserve innue de Pointe-Bleue (Mashteuiatsh).
Behaviors of Concern to Croatian Primary School Teachers
Authors: Beaudoin Kathleen , Mihić Sanja Skočić , Lončarić Darko 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the occurrence of problem behaviors in primary classrooms in the Republic of Croatia and to investigate teachers' level of concern and the support needed to address these behaviors. Approximately 8% of primary school teachers across Croatia completed a 20-item survey to indicate the occurrence of types of problem behaviors (i.e., distractibility, disobedience, aggression, delinquency) in their classrooms, separately for boys and girls. Level of concern for the problem behavior (1 = not at all to 4 = extremely) and need for support to address the misbehavior (1 = not at all to 4 = a lot of support) were also rated separately by student gender. Results indicated that teachers rated the occurrence of problem behaviors more frequently for boys than girls across all dimensions of problem behavior, with distractibility reported as the most frequently occurring problem both for boys and for girls. Teachers also reported significantly higher levels of concern and greater need of support for the behavior of boys in comparison to girls across the dimensions of distractibility, disobedience and aggression. Teachers reported significantly higher levels of concern than their need for support to address behaviors of distractibility and disobedience. Larger class size was associated with heightened levels of concern and support for a number of the problem behavior dimensions. Implications for future practice are recommended.
Social Network to Support Parents and Teachers of Students with Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Nunes Clarisse , Lobato Miranda Guilhermina , Amaral Isabel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze how the Social Software tools could respond to the needs of parents and teachers of students with multiple disabilities in improving their practices, as well as provide information and resources related to the topic of multiple disabilities. The study was implemented in Portugal and involved 45 participants: 25 special education teachers, 5 regular education teachers, and 15 parents of children with multiple disabilities. Using the NING platform, we built a social network, which we set in motion by creating online spaces to share experiences and thoughts. These spaces sought to respond to the needs and difficulties reported by the participants. We adopted a Design-Based Research methodology and used several data collection methods and analysis techniques. The results showed that several dimensions were crucial to create this Social Network, such as the tools, the moderation and the management of the social network and the participation of the teachers and parents involved. It also confirmed that the flexibility of the tools used led to the development of a stimulating environment that allowed sharing experiences and knowledge about multiple disabilities. The teachers' participation revealed progress over time. The most active participants assumed attitudes of creator and critic, whereas the roles of collector, spectator and inactive were taken on by those with a more passive attitude. The teachers exhibited more active attitudes than parents. The teachers' assessment of the social network was positive for all the aspects under study and they felt that their participation had a significant impact on teaching practices. Results indicate that parents did not actively get involved in the social network, which shows that virtual contacts may not properly serve their needs. We infer that parents need a different approach, more focused on supporting and less on learning. Overall, the study indicated that the Social Software allowed co-created knowledge among teachers, sharing of experiences, thoughts and resources, along with supporting better connections and cooperative learning. Nevertheless, such co-creation can only be achieved if participants take an active role in the use of the Social Network.
Tropospheric delays in ground‐based GNSS multipath reflectometry—Experimental evidence from coastal sites
Authors: Williams S. D. P. , Nievinski F. G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated the utility of ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite Systems‐Multipath Reflectometry (GNSS‐MR) for sea level studies. Typical root‐mean‐square (RMS) differences of GNSS‐MR‐derived sea level time series with respect to nearby tide gauges are on the order of 6–40 cm, sufficiently accurate to estimate tidal and secular sea level variations but are possibly biased due to delay of the signal through the troposphere. In this study we investigate the tropospheric effect from more than 20 GNSS coastal sites located from several meters up to 280 m above sea level. We find a bias in the estimated heights that is elevation and height dependent and can reach orders of 1 m for a 90 m site. Without correcting for tropospheric delay we find that GNSS‐MR‐estimated tidal coefficients will be smaller than their true amplitudes by around 2% while phases seem unaffected. Correcting for the tropospheric delay also improves leveling results as a function of reflector height. Correcting for the tropospheric delay in GNSS‐MR for sea level studies is therefore highly recommended for all sites no matter the height of the antenna above the sea surface as it manifests as a scale error.
Airports
Authors: Bowen John T. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Over the past century, the commercial airport has become a critically important land use, a source of significant environmental externalities, an engine for local and regional economic development, and the focal point for a new era of airborne mobility. The space needs of contemporary airports and the NIMBY response they engender have pushed airports to the far periphery of many cities. At the same time, however, airports have become magnets for a variety of economic activities from logistics to corporate headquarters. As a consequence, the accessibility advantages of major airports have transformed the geography of metropolitan development, a trend manifest near some large and rapidly developing hubs. At a different scale of analysis, the shift of aviation toward emerging economies is evident in the increased importance of Asian airports, among the world's busiest.
Complexity in Biogeography
Authors: Kim Daehyun 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The science of complexity recognizes the potential role of nonlinear interactions among basic system components in leading the system to self‐organized criticality, dynamic instability, chaos, and so on. Many biogeographical systems, like ecotones, may be considered complex adaptive systems in which organisms act as ecosystem engineers to modify their surrounding physical conditions within a positive (or negative) feedback loop. This entry discusses the implications of two key concepts in the complexity theory for biogeography: nonlinearity and emergence.
Containerization
Authors: Slack Brian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Containerization is an integral feature of globalization. It has facilitated global trade by providing an efficient means of transporting goods intermodally. This has necessitated the transformation of ports and their operations, which has had both negative and positive consequences for port cities. Some of the most important developments have taken place at sea, where an expansion of the scope of services and the size of ships has given rise to new network configurations. Containerization is also spreading inland as an essential part of logistics services.