bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral effects of hospital patient‐safety procedures on nurses’ job satisfaction
Authors: Inoue T. , Karima R. , Harada K. 
Published: January 2017

AimThe aim of this study was to examine how hospital patient‐safety procedures affect the job satisfaction of hospital nurses. Additionally, we investigated the association between perceived autonomy and hospital patient‐safety procedures and job satisfaction.BackgroundRecently, measures for patient safety have been recognized as an essential requirement in hospitals. Hospital patient‐safety procedures may enhance the job satisfaction of nurses by improving the quality of their work. However, such procedures may also decrease their job satisfaction by imposing excessive stress on nurses because they cannot make mistakes.MethodsThe participants included 537 nurses at 10 private hospitals in Japan (The surveys were collected from March to July 2012). Factors related to hospital patient‐safety procedures were demonstrated using factor analysis, and the associations between these factors and nurses’ self‐perceived autonomy and job satisfaction were examined using structural equation modelling.FindingsFive factors regarding hospital patient‐safety procedures were extracted. Additionally, structural equation modelling revealed statistically significant associations between these factors and the nurses’ self‐perceived autonomy and job satisfaction. The findings showed that nurses’ perceived autonomy of the workplace enhanced their job satisfaction and that their perceptions of hospital patient‐safety procedures promoted their job satisfaction. However, some styles of chief nurses’ leadership regarding patient safety restrict nurses’ independent and autonomous decision‐making and actions, resulting in a lowering of job satisfaction.Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policyThis study demonstrated that hospital patient‐safety procedures have ambiguous effects on nurses’ job satisfaction. In particular, chief nurses’ leadership relating to patient safety can have a positive or negative effect on nurses’ job satisfaction. The findings indicated that hospital managers should demonstrate positive attitudes to improve patient safety for nurses’ job satisfaction. In addition, policymakers in the hospitals should consider that chief nurses’ leadership styles may reduce autonomy and suppress nurses’ job satisfaction.
Stability of chemically available fluoride in Chilean toothpastes
Authors: Fernández Constanza E. , Carrera Carola A. , Muñoz‐Sandoval Cecilia , Cury Jaime A. , Giacaman Rodrigo A. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundStorage time may reduce the amount of soluble fluoride (F) in toothpastes. Although we previously studied the type and concentration of F in fresh samples of commercial Chilean toothpastes, their stability was not determined.AimTo evaluate the stability of soluble F in Chilean toothpastes after 1 year of storage.DesignAll the toothpastes (n = 30) previously used were re‐analyzed after 1 year of storage time at room temperature (±22°C). Total F (TF = soluble F + insoluble F) and total soluble F (TSF = F ion + MFP ion) were assessed using an ion‐specific electrode, through a validated methodology. Data were expressed in ppm of F (mg F/kg).ResultsMean (±SD; n = 30) TF and TSF concentrations after storage were 1049 ± 427 and 987 ± 411 ppm F, respectively. Five toothpastes showed between 30% and 50% of insoluble F, four of them formulated with MFP/calcium‐based abrasive. In two products, there was a reduction in TSF below the evidence‐based anticaries effectiveness threshold of 1000 ppm F.ConclusionsAlthough most of the toothpastes tested kept their original TSF content after 1 year of storage, some products evidenced an important reduction, which may compromise their anticaries efficacy. Reductions in TSF may be explained by an incorrect F salt–abrasive formulation.
Induced defences alter the strength and direction of natural selection on reproductive traits in common milkweed
Authors: Thompson K. A. , Cory K. A. , Johnson M. T. J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEvolutionary biologists have long sought to understand the ecological processes that generate plant reproductive diversity. Recent evidence indicates that constitutive antiherbivore defences can alter natural selection on reproductive traits, but it is unclear whether induced defences will have the same effect and whether reduced foliar damage in defended plants is the cause of this pattern. In a factorial field experiment using common milkweed,Asclepias syriacaL., we induced plant defences using jasmonic acid (JA) and imposed foliar damage using scissors. We found thatJA‐induced plants experienced selection for more inflorescences that were smaller in size (fewer flowers), whereas control plants only experienced a trend towards selection for larger inflorescences (more flowers); all effects were independent of foliar damage. Our results demonstrate that induced defences can alter both the strength and direction of selection on reproductive traits, and suggest that antiherbivore defences may promote the evolution of plant reproductive diversity.
Acne RA‐1,2, a novel UV‐selective face cream for patients with acne: Efficacy and tolerability results of a randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical study
Authors: Cestone Enza , Michelotti Angela , Zanoletti Valentina , Zanardi Andrea , Mantegazza Raffaella , Dossena Maurizia 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundGeneral skincare measures such as the use of moisturisers and products containing adequate photoprotection are important components of acne patients’ management to complement the pharmacological regimen. Acne RA‐1,2 is a novel dermato‐cosmetic product which contains selective photofilters and active ingredients against the multifactorial pathophysiology of acne.ObjectivesTo evaluate the tolerability of Acne RA‐1,2 and its effect on the clinical signs of acne.MethodsThis double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study randomized 40 adult patients with 10‐25 comedones per half face to once‐daily application of Acne RA‐1,2 or placebo for 8 weeks. Evaluations after 4 and 8 weeks included the number of comedones, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum production, and tolerability.ResultsIn the Acne RA‐1,2 group, there was a significant 35% decrease in the mean number of comedones from 26 at baseline to 17 at Week 8 (P<.001), a 7% significant reduction in TEWL (9.32 to 8.66 g/h/m2; P<.001), and a 24% significant reduction in sebum production (154.8 to 117.6 μg/cm2; P<.001). The reductions in TEWL and sebum production were significantly greater than those in the placebo group at Weeks 4 and 8 (P<0.05). There were no adverse events.ConclusionsAcne RA‐1,2 was well tolerated and effective at reducing comedones and sebum production and improving epidermal barrier function. These results suggest that Acne RA‐1,2 is useful against acne‐prone facial skin, particularly as it targets sebum production, which topical pharmacological acne therapies do not address.
Efficacy comparison of transcatheter arterial embolization with gelatin sponge and polyvinyl alcohol particles for the management of cesarean scar pregnancy and follow‐up study
Authors: Ma Yan , Yang Chao , Shao Xiaonan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with gelatin sponge (GS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).MethodsA total of 35 patients with CSP, who were classified into either the GS group (n = 22) or the PVA group (n = 13), underwent TAE and postoperative ultrasound‐guided curettage. Their hospital stay, first‐scheme success rate, intra‐curettage blood loss, serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level, and other indicators were simultaneously recorded. During the follow‐up period, time for the serum β‐hCG level to return to normal, time for the return of menstrual cycle, and menstrual blood volume were recorded.ResultsCompared with the GS group, patients in the PVA group: (i) were older; (ii) had greater number of abortions or curettages, and had longer times since last cesarean (P < 0.05); (iii) had similar hospital stay and first‐scheme success rate (P > 0.05); (iv) had lower, but not significantly different, hemorrhage rate (7.7% vs 36.4%, P = 0.066); (v) had a significantly higher serum β‐hCG level at discharge and a smaller drop in serum β‐hCG level from admission to discharge (P < 0.05); (vi) had a similar time for the serum β‐hCG level to return to normal (P > 0.05); (vii) had a shorter time for the return of menstrual cycle (P = 0.012); and (viii) had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal menstrual blood volume reduction (50.0% vs 8.3%, P = 0.034).ConclusionTAE with either GS or PVA particles for CSP treatment had relatively good efficacy. During the selection of the ideal embolic agent, the patient's age, hemorrhage risk, and requirement for protecting ovarian function and reserving fertility should be comprehensively considered.
Risk of cerebral palsy in Chinese children: A N:M matched case control study
Authors: Gao Jing , Zhao Bin , He Luna , Sun Meiling , Yu Xuefeng , Wang Lina 
Published: January 2017

AimTo estimate epidemiological risk factors for cerebral palsy (CP) in children.MethodsA N:M matched case control study was conducted in 114 persons with CP and 1286 controls. Relevant data were collected using a maternal self‐design questionnaire. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS.ResultsUnivariate analysis has yielded 20 significant risk factors for CP. Advanced maternal age (30 years or older) at childbirth (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–2.72), alcohol consumption during pregnancy (adjusted OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.23–14.08), living in the countryside (adjusted OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.18–2.48), father's occupational exposure to harmful substances (adjusted OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.61–6.93) and multiple births (adjusted OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.65–5.84) were found to be risk factors for CP by multivariate analysis. On the other side, high mother's education level (adjusted OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46–0.76), folic acid supplements (adjusted OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.82), and high birth hospital level (adjusted OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52–0.90) were found to be protective factors.ConclusionAlthough the important risk factors of CP focus on gestation at birth and perinatal events, the incidence could probably be further lowered, if potential risk factors identified in this study are considered.
Novel chemical degradation pathways of proteins mediated by tryptophan oxidation: tryptophan side chain fragmentation
Authors: Schöneich Christian 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This minireview focuses on novel degradation pathways of proteins in solution via intermediary tryptophan (Trp) radical cations, which are generated via photo-induced electron transfer to suitable acceptors such as disulfide bonds.

Methods
Gas-phase mass spectrometry studies had indicated the potential for Trp radical cations to fragment via release of 3-methylene-3H-indol-1-ium from the side chain. HPLC-MS/MS analysis demonstrates that analogous fragmentation reactions occur during the exposure of peptides and proteins to light or accelerated stability testing.

Key findings
The light exposure of selected peptides and monoclonal antibodies leads to the conversion of Trp to glycine (Gly) or glycine hydroperoxide (GlyOOH), where GlyOOH could be reduced to hydroxyglycine, which undergoes subsequent cleavage. Product formation is consistent with Cα–Cβ fragmentation of intermediary Trp radical cations. For the peptide octreotide and specific glycoforms of IgG1 Fc domains, Trp side chain cleavage in aqueous solution is indicated by the formation of 3-methyleneindolenine (3-MEI), which adds to nucleophilic side chains, for example to Lys residues adjacent to the original Trp residues.

Conclusions
Trp side chain cleavage leads to novel reaction products on specific peptide and protein sequences, which may have consequences for potency and immunogenicity.
Orcinol derivative compound with antioxidant properties protects Langerhans islets against streptozotocin damage
Authors: Sánchez-Lira Nancy M V , Morales-Miranda Angélica , García de la Mora Gustavo , León Contreras Juan Carlos , González-Sánchez Ignacio , Valencia Norma , Cerbón Marco , Morimoto Sumiko 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Objective
To design and synthesize an orcinol derivative compound, 3-formyl-2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethyl sodium benzoate (A4), as an antioxidant molecule and to test its effects on oxidative stress in an in-vitro model of apoptosis of pancreatic rat beta cells induced by streptozotocin (STZ).

Methods
Scavenger properties of A4 were assessed using its capacity to capture the DPPH radical in vitro. Antiapoptotic properties of A4 were analysed by electron microscopy and TUNEL assay in rat pancreatic islets in a streptozotocin model.

Key findings
The results show that A4 displays antioxidant activity in in-vitro assays and induced a significant reduction in STZ-induced beta cell apoptosis and low ultrastructural damage to cellular organelles in the rat pancreatic islets as evidenced by electronic microscopy, this effect could be attributed to its antioxidant activity in a similar manner than resveratrol.

Conclusion
The overall results indicate that the new orcinol derivative molecule displays both antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects and protect pancreatic beta cells against STZ damage.
Molecular response of Sargassum vulgare to acidification at volcanic CO2 vents: insights from de novo transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Kumar Amit , Castellano Immacolata , Patti Francesco Paolo , Delledonne Massimo , Abdelgawad Hamada , Beemster Gerrit T. S. , Asard Han , Palumbo Anna , Buia Maria Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOcean acidification is an emerging problem that is expected to impact ocean species to varying degrees. Currently, little is known about its effect on molecular mechanisms induced in fleshy macroalgae. To elucidate genome wide responses to acidification, a transcriptome analysis was carried out on Sargassum vulgare populations growing under acidified conditions at volcanic CO2 vents and compared with populations in a control site. Several transcripts involved in a wide range of cellular and metabolic processes were differentially expressed. No drastic changes were observed in the carbon acquisition processes and RuBisCO level. Moreover, relatively few stress genes, including those for antioxidant enzymes and heat‐shock proteins, were affected. Instead, increased expression of transcripts involved in energy metabolism, photosynthetic processes and ion homeostasis suggested that algae increased energy production to maintain ion homeostasis and other cellular processes. Also, an increased allocation of carbon to cell wall and carbon storage was observed. A number of genes encoding proteins involved in cellular signalling, information storage and processing and transposition were differentially expressed between the two conditions. The transcriptional changes of key enzymes were largely confirmed by enzymatic activity measurements. Altogether, the changes induced by acidification indicate an adaptation of growth and development of S. vulgare at the volcanic CO2 vents, suggesting that this fleshy alga exhibits a high plasticity to low pH and can adopt molecular strategies to grow also in future more acidified waters.
A conceptual framework for predicting and addressing the consequences of disease‐related microvascular dysfunction
Authors: McClatchey Penn M. , Frisbee Jefferson C. , Reusch Jane E. B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveA growing body of evidence indicates that impaired microvascular perfusion plays a pathological role in a number of diseases. This manuscript aims to better define which aspects of microvascular perfusion are important, what mass transport processes (eg, insulin action, tissue oxygenation) may be impacted, and what therapies might reverse these pathologies.MethodsWe derive a theory of microvascular perfusion and solute flux drawing from established relationships in mass transport and anatomy. We then apply this theory to predict relationships between microvascular perfusion parameters and microvascular solute flux.ResultsFor convection‐limited exchange processes (eg, pulmonary oxygen uptake), our model predicts that bulk blood flow is of primary importance. For diffusion‐limited exchange processes (eg, insulin action), our model predicts that perfused capillary density is of primary importance. For convection/diffusion co‐limited exchange processes (eg, tissue oxygenation), our model predicts that various microvascular perfusion parameters interact in a complex, context‐specific manner. We further show that our model can predict established mass transport defects in disease (eg, insulin resistance in diabetes).ConclusionsThe contributions of microvascular perfusion parameters to tissue‐level solute flux can be described using a minimal mathematical model. Our results hold promise for informing therapeutic interventions targeting microvascular perfusion.
Nurses' prioritization of enteral nutrition in intensive care units: a national survey
Authors: Bloomer Melissa J , Clarke Angelique B , Morphet Julia 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundEnteral nutrition is important in critically ill patients to improve patient outcomes, with nurses playing a pivotal role in the delivery and ongoing care of enteral nutrition. A significant deficit in nurses' knowledge and education relating to enteral nutrition has been identified, leading to iatrogenic malnutrition and potentially compromising patient care. Enteral nutrition appears to be prioritized lower than many other aspects of care. However, there is scant research to show how nurses prioritize enteral nutrition.AimThis study aimed to explore how nurses prioritize enteral nutrition when caring for a critically ill patient.MethodA descriptive online questionnaire, administered in May 2014, was utilized to explore the study aim. Descriptive statistics were performed to evaluate quantitative data. Content analysis was used to evaluate qualitative data.ResultsA total of 359 responses were included in data analysis (response rate 20.8%). All respondents were registered nurses working within an Australian intensive care unit or high dependency unit. Nurses agreed that enteral nutrition was very important and should be commenced as soon as possible. However, life‐saving procedures always took priority and there were often multiple barriers that hindered optimal delivery of enteral nutrition.ConclusionRespondents relied on their clinical judgement to inform decisions in relation to enteral nutrition in critically ill patients. Most respondents agreed that enteral nutrition was an important aspect of patient care, but acknowledged that other aspects of care were prioritized more highly. Despite this, some delays to enteral nutrition were perceived to be avoidable, and nurses recognized a need to advocate on the patient's behalf to increase the visibility of enteral nutrition.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study demonstrate that enteral nutrition is often prioritized lower than other competing care needs in the critically ill patient. Given the importance of enteral nutrition to patient recovery, changes to clinical practice to improve enteral nutrition management are necessary.
Normal values of esophageal pressure responses to a rapid drink challenge test in healthy subjects: results of a multicenter study
Authors: Marin I. , Cisternas D. , Abrao L. , Lemme E. , Bilder C. , Ditaranto A. , Coello R. , Hani A. , Leguizamo A. M. , Meixueiro A. , Remes‐Troche J. , Zavala M. A. , Ruiz de León A. , Perez de la Serna J. , Valdovinos M. A. , Serra J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundMultiple water swallow is increasingly used as a complementary challenge test in patients undergoing high‐resolution manometry (HRM). Our aim was to establish the range of normal pressure responses during the rapid drink challenge test in a large population of healthy subjects.MethodsPressure responses to a rapid drink challenge test (100 or 200 mL of water) were prospectively analyzed in 105 healthy subjects studied in nine different hospitals from different countries. Esophageal motility was assessed in all subjects by solid‐state HRM. In 18 subjects, bolus transit was analyzed using concomitant intraluminal impedance monitoring.Key ResultsA virtually complete inhibition of pressure activity was observed during multiple swallow: Esophageal body pressure was above 20 mm Hg during 1 (0‐8) % and above 30 mm Hg during 1 (0‐5) % of the swallow period, and the pressure gradient across the esophagogastric junction was low (−1 (−7 to 4) mm Hg). At the end of multiple swallow, a postswallow contraction was evidenced in only 50% of subjects, whereas the remaining 50% had non‐transmitted contractions. Bolus clearance was completed after 7 (1‐30) s after the last swallow, as evidenced by multichannel intraluminal impedance.Conclusions & InferencesThe range of normal pressure responses to a rapid drink challenge test in health has been established in a large multicenter study. Main responses are a virtually complete inhibition of esophageal pressures with a low‐pressure gradient across esophagogastric junction. This data would allow the correct differentiation between normal and disease when using this test.
Soybean domestication: the origin, genetic architecture and molecular bases
Authors: Sedivy Eric J. , Wu Faqiang , Hanzawa Yoshie 
Published: January 2017

SummaryDomestication provides an important model for the study of evolution, and information learned from domestication research aids in the continued improvement of crop species. Recent progress in de novo assembly and whole‐genome resequencing of wild and cultivated soybean genomes, in addition to new archeological discoveries, sheds light on the origin of this important crop and provides a clearer view on the modes of artificial selection that drove soybean domestication and diversification. This novel genomic information enables the search for polymorphisms that underlie variation in agronomic traits and highlights genes that exhibit a signature of selection, leading to the identification of a number of candidate genes that may have played important roles in soybean domestication, diversification and improvement. These discoveries provide a novel point of comparison on the evolutionary bases of important agronomic traits among different crop species.