bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood biomarkers of carbohydrate, lipid, and apolipoprotein metabolisms and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A more than 20‐year follow‐up of the Swedish AMORIS cohort
Authors: Mariosa Daniela , Hammar Niklas , Malmström Håkan , Ingre Caroline , Jungner Ingmar , Ye Weimin , Fang Fang , Walldius Göran 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the associations of blood biomarkers of carbohydrate, lipid, and apolipoprotein metabolisms with the future risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsIn the Apolipoprotein‐related MOrtality RISk study, we enrolled 636,132 men and women during 1985–1996 in Stockholm, Sweden, with measurements of serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I). Serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were either directly measured or calculated from total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apoA‐I. The cohort was followed until the end of 2011. We used Cox models and mixed‐effects models to, first, estimate the associations between these biomarkers and ALS incidence and, second, to assess the changes of these biomarkers during the 20 years before ALS diagnosis.ResultsOne‐unit increase of LDL‐C (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.27), apoB (HR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.17–2.42), and apoB/apoA‐I ratio (HR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.29–2.78) was associated with a higher incidence of ALS. High glucose level (≥6.11mmol/L) was associated with a lower incidence (HR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.42–0.93), whereas high LDL‐C/HDL‐C (≥3.50; HR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.15–1.96) and high apoB/apoA‐I (≥0.90 for men, ≥0.8 for women; HR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.04–1.90) ratios were associated with a higher incidence. During the 10 years before diagnosis, ALS patients had increasing levels of LDL‐C, HDL‐C, apoB, and apoA‐I, whereas gradually decreasing levels of LDL‐C/HDL‐C and apoB/apoA‐I ratios.InterpretationAlterations in the carbohydrate, lipid, and apolipoprotein metabolisms are associated with ALS risk and may serve as prodromal symptoms decades before ALS diagnosis. The imbalance between apoB and apoA‐I as well as between LDL‐C and HDL‐C may be an etiological mechanism for ALS and needs to be further studied. Ann Neurol 2017;81:718–728
Chiral Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐cis‐aziridine Carboxylate Esters
Authors: Bew Sean P. , Liddle John , Hughes David L. , Pesce Paolo , Thurston Sean M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report a multi‐component asymmetric Brønsted acid‐catalyzed aza‐Darzens reaction which is not limited to specific aromatic or heterocyclic aldehydes. Incorporating alkyl diazoacetates and, important for high ee's, ortho‐tert‐butoxyaniline our optimized reaction (i.e. solvent, temperature and catalyst study) affords excellent yields (61–98 %) and mostly >90 % optically active cis‐aziridines. (+)‐Chloramphenicol was generated in 4 steps from commercial starting materials. A tentative mechanism is outlined.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Acyloin Rearrangement of α‐Hydroxy Acetals to α‐Alkoxy Ketones
Authors: Wu Hua , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report an unprecedented organocatalytic enantioselective acyloin rearrangement of α,α‐disubstituted α‐hydroxy acetals. In the presence of a catalytic amount of chiral binol‐derived N‐triflyl phosphoramide, α‐hydroxy acetals rearranged to α‐alkoxy ketones in good to high yields with high enantioselectivities. Formation of an ion pair between the in situ generated oxocarbenium ion and the chiral phosphoramide anion was proposed to be responsible for the highly efficient transfer of chirality. Conditions for removal of cyclohexyl and cyclopentyl groups from the corresponding α‐alkoxy ketones were uncovered underpinning their potential general utility as hydroxy protecting groups. Conversion of the rearranged products to the enantioenriched α‐hydroxy ketone, 1,2‐diol, β‐amino alcohol and 1,4‐dioxane was also documented.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of Fully Occupied Tetragonal and Cubic Tungsten Bronze Oxides
Authors: Ikeuchi Yuya , Takatsu Hiroshi , Tassel Cédric , Goto Yoshihiro , Murakami Taito , Kageyama Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA high‐pressure reaction yielded the fully occupied tetragonal tungsten bronze K3W5O15 (K0.6WO3). The terminal phase shows an unusual transport property featuring slightly negative temperature‐dependence in resistivity (dρ/dT<0) and a large Wilson ratio of RW=3.2. Such anomalous metallic behavior possibly arises from the low‐dimensional electronic structure with a van Hove singularity at the Fermi level and/or from enhanced magnetic fluctuations by geometrical frustration of the tungsten sublattice. The asymmetric nature of the tetragonal tungsten bronze KxWO3‐K0.6−yBayWO3 phase diagram implies that superconductivity for x≤0.45 originates from the lattice instability because of potassium deficiency. A cubic perovskite KWO3 phase was also identified as a line phase—in marked contrast to NaxWO3 and LixWO3 with varying quantities of x (<1). This study presents a versatile method by which the solubility limit of tungsten bronze oxides can be extended.
Glycan Analysis by Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hofmann Johanna , Pagel Kevin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCarbohydrates form one of the major classes of biological macromolecules in living organisms. To investigate their properties and function, an in‐depth knowledge of their underlying structure is essential. However, the inherent structural complexity of glycans represents a major challenge. Carbohydrates are often branched and exhibit diverse regio‐ and stereochemistry. This in turn leads to a vast number of possible isomers, which are difficult to distinguish by using established analytical tools. In the last decade, ion mobility–mass spectrometry, a technique that separates ions based on their mass, charge, size, and shape, has emerged as a powerful alternative for isomer distinction. This Minireview highlights recent advances in ion mobility–mass spectrometry of complex carbohydrates and discusses its role in future analysis workflows.
Production of high concentration of l‐lactic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunch by thermophilic Bacillus coagulans JI12
Authors: Juturu Veeresh , Wu Jin Chuan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThermophilic Bacillus coagulans JI12 was used to ferment hemicellulose hydrolysate obtained by acid hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch at 50 °C and pH 6, producing 105.4 g/L of l‐lactic acid with a productivity of 9.3 g/L/H by fed‐batch fermentation under unsterilized conditions. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was performed at pH 5.5 and 50 °C to convert both hemicellulose hydrolysate and cellulose–lignin complex in the presence of Cellic Ctec2 cellulases using yeast extract (20 g/L) as the nitrogen source, giving 114.0 g/L of l‐lactic acid with a productivity of 5.7 g/L/H. The SSF was also conducted by replacing yeast extract with equal amount of dry Bakers’ yeast, achieving 120.0 g/L of l‐lactic acid with a productivity of 4.3 g/L/H. To the best of our knowledge, these lactic acid titers and productivities are the highest ever reported from lignocellulose hydrolysates.
Insekten als Nahrungsmittel der Zukunft
Authors: Fiebelkorn Florian 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland sind Insekten als Nahrungsmittel noch relativ unbekannt. In vielen Ländern der Welt hingegen werden Insekten schon seit langer Zeit als Nahrungsmittel geschätzt. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet das Nachhaltigkeitspotenzial von Entomophagie und versucht anhand rechtlicher und psychologischer Barrieren zu erklären, warum Insekten in Deutschland noch nicht auf dem Speiseplan stehen. Forschung in den Bereichen der Ernährungspsychologie und Biologiedidaktik ist essenziell für die erfolgreiche Einführung von Insekten als Nahrungsmittel in Deutschland.
Using augmented reality to teach and learn biochemistry
Authors: Vega Garzón Juan Carlos , Magrini Marcio Luiz , Galembeck Eduardo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnderstanding metabolism and metabolic pathways constitutes one of the central aims for students of biological sciences. Learning metabolic pathways should be focused on the understanding of general concepts and core principles. New technologies such Augmented Reality (AR) have shown potential to improve assimilation of biochemistry abstract concepts because students can manipulate 3D molecules in real time. Here we describe an application named Augmented Reality Metabolic Pathways (ARMET), which allowed students to visualize the 3D molecular structure of substrates and products, thus perceiving changes in each molecule. The structural modification of molecules shows students the flow and exchange of compounds and energy through metabolism. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(5):417–420, 2017.
Bruising in Children: Exploring the Attitudes, Knowledge and Training of Child Protection Social Workers and the Interface with Paediatricians regarding Childhood Bruising
Authors: Matthews Lauren , Kemp Alison , Maguire Sabine 
Published: April 2017

While child protection social workers (CPSWs) make decisions about which children with an injury need a medical examination, we do not know how they make these decisions. We aimed to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes and training of CPSWs in regards to assessing childhood bruising. Paediatricians' views on the bruising knowledge and training of CPSWs were also explored, as well as the relationship and communication between the two professions.‘Aimed to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes and training of CPSWs in regards to assessing childhood bruising’Semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 39 CPSWs and 16 paediatricians across South Wales and South West England. Interviews were recorded and transcribed until data saturation was reached. Using NVivo, two independent assessors conducted a thematic analysis, identifying themes emerging from the data with group comparisons where appropriate.CPSWs lack confidence in assessing bruising with knowledge gaps regarding bruise patterns and the lack of evidence for ageing bruises. This appears to be linked to an almost complete lack of training. An important theme was that CPSWs regard the clinician's view as paramount, yet paediatricians feel that there is an over‐expectation of what a child protection medical can conclude; this exemplified some of the communication issues between the professions. Evidence‐based training of CPSWs is needed jointly by health and social care professionals, including an understanding of the respective roles. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages

CPSWs lack confidence in assessing bruising characteristics associated with physical abuse, largely due to their lack of training.
CPSWs' decisions to refer for medical examinations are strongly influenced by an exploration of history and key social factors, including chastisement strategies and the home environment.
Paediatricians are unaware of CPSWs' training or knowledge, and thus have unrealistic expectations of their assessment of bruising characteristics.
Communication between professionals could be improved by joint professional training in this area, providing current scientific evidence relating to bruises and an explicit explanation of the role of each in this assessment.
‘Paediatricians are unaware of CPSWs' training or knowledge, and thus have unrealistic expectations of their assessment of bruising characteristics’
In Situ Monitoring of Ionic Metal Dissolution During Anodization of Titanium and Quantification of Parallel Electronic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Kollender Jan Philipp , Hassel Achim Walter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study reports an in situ investigation of the metal dissolution during anodization of titanium. A combination of an electrochemical flow cell that is directly coupled to an ICP‐MS was used for the investigation. The oxide film was grown through potentiodynamic anodization (CV with 10 mV s−1) between 0 and 8 V. A rather constant dissolution rate of approximately 1.5 ng s−1 cm−2 was observed during the entire oxide formation although the current, as measured by the potentiostat, increased from 58 μA cm−2 (1 V) up to 290 μA cm−2 (8 V). Controversially, the dissolution rate was not affected by the additional electronic currents, which become relevant for potentials higher than 3.5 V. The metal dissolution is triggered by the ionic species (Ti4+ and O2−) crossing the oxide layer (ionic currents) under the applied high‐field conditions. No reduction of the oxide during the reverse scan could be observed. The fraction of charge carriers used for metal dissolution stayed rather constant (ca. 21 %) up 3.5 V, and then continuously decreased to 4 % for the highest applied anodization potential (8.0 V), reflecting the increased oxygen evolution rate at a rather constant dissolution rate.
Deactivation of a Cobalt Catalyst for Water Reduction through Valence Tautomerism
Authors: Baydoun Habib , Mazumder Shivnath , Schlegel H. Bernhard , Verani Cláudio N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe activity of the water reduction catalyst [CoIII(L1)(pyr)2]PF6 (1), where (L1)2− is a bis‐amido pyridine ligand and pyr is pyrrolidine, is investigated. Catalyst 1 has an overpotential of 0.54 V and a high observed TOF of 23 min−1, albeit for a relatively short time. Considering the significant activity of 1 and aiming to improve catalyst design, a detailed structural and electronic study is performed to understand the mechanisms of deactivation. Experimental and theoretical evidence support that the metal‐reduced [CoI(L1)]− is in tautomeric equilibrium with the ligand‐reduced [CoII(L1.)]− species. While [CoI(L1)]− favors formation of a CoIII−H− relevant for catalysis, the [CoII(L1.)]− species leads to ligand protonation, structural distortions, and, ultimatley, catalyst deactivation.
Cover Picture: Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of 4,5‐Diazafluoren‐9‐yl or Fluoren‐9‐yl Terminated Homobimetallic Ruthenium and Osmium Allenylidene, Alkynyl‐Allenylidene Complexes (Chin. J. Chem. 4/2017)
Authors: Huang Jinbo , Zhou Xiaoxi , Zhao Qianyi , Li Shunhua , Xia Haiping 
Published: April 2017

The cover picture shows the structures of rigid dinuclear metallacumulenes with diazafluorene or fluorine fragments. These complexes were derived from 9‐ethynyl‐9‐fluorenol and 9‐hydroxy‐9‐ethynyl‐4,5‐diazafluorene in the presence of cis‐OsCl2(dppm)2 and cis‐RuCl2(dppe)2. Eletrochemical studies have revealed that these complexes display a quasireversible redox behavior and a moderate electronic communication between the two metal centers. Moreover, these new structurally rigid complexes show a remarkably broad absorption in the long‐wavelength region (λmax = 300−700 nm), which would be excellent candidates for optical materials. The bridge in center shows the implied meaning of the rigid structures of these complexes and the electronic communication between the two metal centers. More details are discussed in the article by Xia et al. on page 420–428.
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Enhancement of Oxidative Desulfurization Performance over UiO‐66(Zr) by Titanium Ion Exchange
Authors: Ye Gan , Qi Hui , Li Xiaolin , Leng Kunyue , Sun Yinyong , Xu Wei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOxidative desulfurization is considered to be one of the most promising methods for producing ultra‐low‐sulfur fuels because it can effectively remove refractory sulfur‐containing aromatic compounds under mild conditions. In this work, the oxidative desulfurization performance over UiO‐66(Zr) is greatly enhanced by Ti ion exchange. This strategy is not only efficient for UiO‐66(Zr) with crystal defects but also for UiO‐66(Zr) with high crystallinity. In particular, the performance of UiO‐66(Zr) with high crystallinity in the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene can be improved more than 11‐fold, which can be mainly attributed to the introduction of active Ti sites.
Is there sufficient evidence for a causal association between antiretroviral therapy and diabetes in HIV‐infected patients? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Nduka Chidozie U. , Stranges Saverio , Kimani Peter K. , Sarki Ahmed M. , Uthman Olalekan A. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe association of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with diabetes is inconsistent and varies widely across primary epidemiological studies. A comprehensive and more precise estimate of this association is fundamental to establishing a plausible causal link between ART and diabetes. We identified epidemiological studies that compared mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentrations and proportions of diabetes and metabolic syndrome between HIV‐infected patients naïve and exposed to ART. Mean difference in FPG concentrations and odds ratios of diabetes and metabolic syndrome were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analyses. Data on 20 178 participants from 41 observational studies were included in the meta‐analyses. Mean FPG concentrations (Pooled mean difference: 4.66 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.52 to 6.80; 24 studies) and the odds of diabetes (Pooled odds ratios: 3.85; 95% CI, 2.93 to 5.07; 10 studies) and metabolic syndrome (Pooled odds ratios: 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.03; 18 studies) were significantly higher among ART‐exposed patients, compared to their naïve counterparts. ART was also associated with significant increases in FPG levels in studies with mean ART duration ≥18 months (Pooled mean difference: 4.97 mg/dL; 95% CI, 3.10 to 6.84; 14 studies), but not in studies with mean ART duration <18 months (Pooled mean difference: 4.40 mg/dL, 95% CI, –0.59 to 9.38; 7 studies). ART may potentially be the single most consistent determinant of diabetes in people living with HIV worldwide. However, given the preponderance of cross‐sectional studies in the meta‐analysis, the association between ART and diabetes cannot be interpreted as cause and effect.
A framework for modeling habitat quality in disturbance‐prone areas demonstrated with woodland caribou and wildfire
Authors: Whitman Ellen , Parisien Marc‐André , Price David T. , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues , Johnson Chris J. , DeLancey Evan R. , Arseneault Dominique , Flannigan Mike D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNatural resource management professionals require adaptable spatial tools for conserving and managing wildlife across landscapes. These tools should integrate multiple components of habitat quality and incorporate local disturbance regimes. We provide a spatial modeling framework that integrates three components of habitat (nutritional resources, connectivity, and predation risk) into indices of habitat quality under a simulated wildfire disturbance regime. Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), a species of conservation concern, is used to illustrate our framework. We simulated disturbance from wildfire on two boreal forest landscapes to produce stand ages, from which we computed and integrated the three habitat indicator components using different schemes. Spatial variation in the influence of wildfire and the distribution of the three components of habitat resulted in heterogeneous patterns of habitat quality. The inclusion of disturbance led to a different habitat quality landscape than that of a static model in which the influence of wildfire on vegetation communities was not considered, incorporating the likelihood of persistence into the overall representation of habitat quality. The integration of nutrition, connectivity, and predation risk into a single index of habitat quality produced spatial patterns distinct from maps of the individual components. Regardless of whether the components were combined through additive, multiplicative, or minimum habitat quality threshold methods, areas of very high‐ and poor‐quality habitat were found at consistent locations across the landscape, suggesting that these two types of regions provide opportunities for long‐term management interventions. The framework presented here is adaptable and modular; it could be modified and applied to other species, regions, and disturbance regimes. It provides a nuanced representation of persistent habitat and has the potential to be a useful tool for conservation planning.
Wellbore flow field of coiled tubing drilling with supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Song Weiqiang , Ni Hongjian , Wang Ruihe , Zhao Mengyun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo achieve better well control for supercritical carbon dioxide drilling, a mathematical model was presented to investigate the pressure and temperature profile in both the tubing and the annulus. The closed model fully couples the hydraulics, heat transfer, and compressibility of carbon dioxide, and then the wellbore flow field is presented and analyzed based on field application. The results show that the pressure change of carbon dioxide is 36.7% smaller than that of water along the annulus in the study case. Carbon dioxide changes into supercritical state when the depth equals 700 m ∼830 m in the tubing, and it could maintain in supercritical state in the whole annulus. Both the pressure profile and the temperature profile are highly coupled with the physical properties of carbon dioxide. The density of carbon dioxide is large enough to drive downhole motors and its capacity is much larger than that of air in the wellbore. The pressure increases lightly with increasing mass flow rate in the annulus; however, it is significantly and positively impacted by the outlet pressure. The influence of outlet pressure on temperature profile is negligible in the tubing. The inlet temperature could not impact the pressure profile in the annulus, and its influence on temperature profile mainly lies in the shallow section of the tubing. It is newly validated that supercritical carbon dioxide drilling is more suitable for the exploitation of unconventional reservoirs with narrow pressure windows. The results could lay a theoretical foundation for practical application. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.