bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testate amoeba as palaeohydrological indicators in the permafrost peatlands of north‐east European Russia and Finnish Lapland
Authors: Zhang Hui , Amesbury Matthew J. , Ronkainen Tiina , Charman Dan J. , Gallego‐Sala Angela V. , VÄliranta Minna 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTTo explore the use of testate amoeba for investigating the impacts of climate change on permafrost peatland hydrology, we established a new modern training set from Arctic permafrost peatlands in north‐east European Russia and Finnish Lapland. Ordination analyses showed that water‐table depth (WTD) was the most important control on testate amoeba distribution. We developed a new testate amoeba‐based WTD transfer function and thoroughly tested it. We found that our transfer function had strong predictive power. The best‐performing model was based on tolerance‐downweighted weighted averaging with inverse deshrinking (R2 = 0.77, RMSEP = 5.62 cm with leave‐one‐out cross validation). The new transfer function was applied to a short peat core from Arctic Russia and revealed two major hydrological shifts, which could be validated against plant macrofossil data. We also compared our model to another two models from more temperate peatlands. Comparison of the different testate amoeba datasets suggests that testate amoeba ecohydrological relationships are similar for permafrost peatlands to those in more temperate regions, but there are some differences that suggest a need for training datasets that are fully representative of permafrost peatlands.
Cover Image, Volume 97, Issue 13
Authors: Carvalho Márcia , Lino‐Neto Teresa , Rosa Eduardo , Carnide Valdemar 
Published: September 2017

The cover image, by Márcia Carvalho et al., is based on the Review Cowpea: a legume crop for a challenging environment, DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8250. Photo Credit: Eduardo Rosa.
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Dynamic gastric digestion of a commercial whey protein concentrate†
Authors: Miralles Beatriz , del Barrio Roberto , Cueva Carolina , Recio Isidra , Amigo Lourdes 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDA dynamic gastrointestinal simulator, simgi®, has been applied to assess the gastric digestion of a whey protein concentrate. Samples collected from the outlet of the stomach have been compared to those resulting from the static digestion protocol INFOGEST developed on the basis of physiologically inferred conditions.RESULTSProgress of digestion was followed by SDS‐PAGE and LC–MS/MS. By SDS‐PAGE, serum albumin and α‐lactalbumin were no longer detectable at 30 and 60 min, respectively. On the contrary, β‐lactoglobulin was visible up to 120 min, although in decreasing concentrations in the dynamic model due to the gastric emptying and the addition of gastric fluids. Moreover, β‐lactoglobulin was partly hydrolysed by pepsin probably due to the presence of heat‐denatured forms and the peptides released using both digestion models were similar. Under dynamic conditions, a stepwise increase in number of peptides over time was observed, while the static protocol generated a high number of peptides from the beginning of digestion.CONCLUSIONWhey protein digestion products using a dynamic stomach are consistent with those generated with the static protocol but the kinetic behaviour of the peptide profile emphasises the effect of the sequential pepsin addition, peristaltic shaking, and gastric emptying on protein digestibility. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Business and government interdependence in emerging economies: Insights from hotels in Ghana
Authors: Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Debrah Yaw A. , Honyenuga Ben Q. , Adzoyi Paulina N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough social science research is replete with scholarly works on capacity building, relatively few studies have focused on how government can induce capacity building among privately owned enterprises in emerging economies. We seek to fill the lacuna in our understanding by examining how a government can induce capacity building among privately owned enterprises. The study adopted a qualitative approach using semi‐structured interviews with hotel owners, employees, and managers, as well as government officials in Ghana to examine the issue. We identified three unique stages through which such capacity‐building initiatives unfold encompassing diagnosing, renewal, and customer centricity. The study revealed that capacity building through collaborative partnership was partly motivated by desire to overcome societal resistance to services seen as “tainted.” The concluding section outlines a number of theoretical and practical implications.
Effects of short‐term variations in sea level on dissolved oxygen in a coastal karst aquifer, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Young Caitlin , Martin Jonathan B. , Branyon Jackie , Pain Andrea , Valle‐Levinson Arnoldo , Mariño‐Tapia Ismael , Vieyra Mario Rebolledo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSea‐level rise should cause salt‐water intrusion into coastal aquifers and limit fresh submarine groundwater discharge. Pargos Spring offshore of Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico, intermittently discharges brackish water and allows intrusion of lagoon water with seawater salinity to the aquifer. Lagoon water intrusion occurred when sea level was > 0.08 m above mean observed values during the study period. Salt water intrusion will be permanent within a few decades at the current eustatic sea‐level rise rate of ∼ 3 mm/yr. A mixing model demonstrates that oxygen dissolved in the lagoon water is reduced as it intrudes the spring. Dissolved oxygen (DO) reduction is greater at the spring vent than at sensors ∼ 10 m inside the conduit, reflecting rapid reaction kinetics. DO reduction results from organic carbon remineralization, which also releases N and P to the water. Increased frequency of intrusion events or continuous intrusion may alter microbially mediated biogeochemical reactions, thereby increasing aquifer vulnerability to sea‐level rise.
Chirality Driven by Magnetic Dipole Response for Demultiplexing of Surface Waves
Authors: Sinev Ivan S. , Bogdanov Andrey A. , Komissarenko Filipp E. , Frizyuk Kristina S. , Petrov Mihail I. , Mukhin Ivan S. , Makarov Sergey V. , Samusev Anton K. , Lavrinenko Andrei V. , Iorsh Ivan V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSurface electromagnetic waves are characterized by the intrinsic spin‐orbit interaction which results in the fascinating spin‐momentum locking. Therefore, directional coupling of light to surface waves can be achieved through chiral nanoantennas. Here, we show that dielectric nanoantenna provides chiral response with strong spectral dependence due to the interference of electric and magnetic dipole momenta when placed in the vicinity of the metal‐air interface. Remarkably, chiral behaviour in the proposed scheme does not require elliptical polarization of the pump beam or the geometric chirality of the nanoantenna. We show that the proposed ultracompact and simple dielectric nanoantenna allows for both directional launching of surface plasmon polaritons on a thin gold film and their demultiplexing with a high spectral resolution.
The impact of death on consumer responses to celebrity endorser misbehavior
Authors: Boeuf Benjamin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA well‐established stream of research on celebrity misbehavior suggests that negative information may have an adverse effect on an endorsed brand because of its association with a celebrity considered as blameworthy. However, the present research calls into question the generalizability of these results to fatal misbehaviors (i.e., misbehaviors that lead to the celebrity's death). Indeed, after death, a celebrity may gain spiritual meanings, and consumers may find it more difficult to blame a sacred individual. As such, the current article investigates the impact of a celebrity's death on blame attribution and consumer attitudes in the context of celebrity endorser misbehavior. The results of three experiments uncover that death favors a partial blame attribution transfer from the celebrity endorser to the brand, but only when the misbehavior implies a product related to the brand. In addition, the findings reveal a positive effect of death through celebrity sacredness on brand attitude.
Long‐Lived Supramolecular Helices Promoted by Fluorinated Photoswitches
Authors: Huang He , Orlova Tetiana , Matt Benjamin , Katsonis Nathalie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChiral azobenzenes can be used as photoswitchable dopants to control supramolecular helices in liquid crystals. However, the lack of thermal stability of the cis‐isomer precludes envisioning the generation of long‐lived supramolecular helices with light. Here, this study demonstrates thermally stable and axially chiral azobenzene switches that can be used as chiral dopants to create supramolecular helices from (achiral) nematic liquid crystals. Their trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization leads to a variation of helical twisting power that reaches up to 60%, and the helical superstructure that is engineered with light displays a relaxation time that reaches tens of hours. These results demonstrate that combining ortho‐fluorination with axial chirality in molecular photoswitches constitutes an efficient strategy to promote long‐lived helical states. Further, this approach shows potential to design supramolecular machines that are controlled by light entirely.
Nano‐Star‐Shaped Polymers for Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Yang Da‐Peng , Oo Ma Nwe Nwe Linn , Deen Gulam Roshan , Li Zibiao , Loh Xian Jun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith the advancement of polymer engineering, complex star‐shaped polymer architectures can be synthesized with ease, bringing about a host of unique properties and applications. The polymer arms can be functionalized with different chemical groups to fine‐tune the response behavior or be endowed with targeting ligands or stimuli responsive moieties to control its physicochemical behavior and self‐organization in solution. Rheological properties of these solutions can be modulated, which also facilitates the control of the diffusion of the drug from these star‐based nanocarriers. However, these star‐shaped polymers designed for drug delivery are still in a very early stage of development. Due to the sheer diversity of macromolecules that can take on the star architectures and the various combinations of functional groups that can be cross‐linked together, there remain many structure–property relationships which have yet to be fully established. This review aims to provide an introductory perspective on the basic synthetic methods of star‐shaped polymers, the properties which can be controlled by the unique architecture, and also recent advances in drug delivery applications related to these star candidates.
Taming Macromolecules with Light: Lessons Learned from Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Vapaavuori Jaana , Bazuin C. Geraldine , Pellerin Christian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExciting new applications, from large‐area nanopatterning and templating to soft light‐powered robotics, are emerging from the fundamental research on light‐triggered changes in macromolecular systems upon photoisomerization of azobenzene‐based molecular photoswitches. The understanding of how the initial molecular‐scale photoisomerization of azobenzene, a complex photochemical event in itself, is translated into the response of macromolecules and even into macroscopic‐scale motion of illuminated azomaterials is an enormous task. The focus here is on how this knowledge has advanced by applying different vibrational spectroscopy techniques that provide rich molecular insight into the photoresponse of chemically specific molecular moieties. In particular, infrared and Raman spectroscopy studies are highlighted, in the context of phototriggered perturbation of self‐assembled structures and photoinduced linear and circular anisotropy, as well as photoinduced surface patterning, with the objective of offering a perspective on how vibrational spectroscopy can help in answering an array of essential yet unsettled questions.
CO2‐Induced Morphological Transition of Co‐Assemblies from Block‐Random Segmented Polymers
Authors: Yin Hongyao , Wang Wei , Mu Meng , Feng Yujun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe co‐assembly process is an effective approach to construct hierarchically nanostructured soft materials, but morphological transition of co‐assemblies upon external stimuli, particularly the “green” trigger CO2, is not unraveled yet. Here, a segmented copolymer, poly(styrene)‐block‐poly[(4‐vinyl pyridine)–random‐((2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)] (P1), is used to co‐assemble in the mixed solvent of dimethyl formamide and water with poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly[(4‐vinyl pyridine)–random‐((2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)] (P2) and poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) (P3), respectively. It is found that Janus micelles are generated from the P1–P2 pair in the presence of ferric ion, while wormlike micelles are formed from the P1–P3 duad. Upon stimulation with CO2, Janus and wormlike aggregates are transferred into core–shell and spherical micelles, respectively.
Estimation of DIEP flap weight for breast reconstruction by the pinch test
Authors: Woo Kyong‐Je , Mun Goo‐Hyun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundVarious methods have been introduced for estimating deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap volume based on computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiographic images. However, when radiologic images cannot be obtained, estimations are subjective. The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction model for estimating DIEP flap weight using the pinch test.MethodsThe pinch test was performed at three paraumbilical sites using a skin‐fold caliper in 107 consecutive patients who underwent DIEP flap breast reconstruction. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop a formula to estimate flap weight. Predictor variables included body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), flap height (H, cm), flap width (W, cm), and flap thickness (mm) measured by the pinch test at the following three paraumbilical sites: 5 cm right (R), left (L), and inferior (I) of the umbilicus. The model accuracy was tested using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation.ResultsA prediction model was developed from the multiple regression analysis (R2 = 89.03%, P < .001); flap weight, g = −1308 + 24.57 × BMI + 6.80 × (R + L)/2 + 7.89 × I + 20.51 × H + 32.55 × W. The formula was implemented in a smartphone application, DIEP‐W version 2.0, for real‐time use. The mean absolute percentage error in the cross‐validation was 12.15%.ConclusionsDIEP flap weight can be estimated by the pinch test with the developed prediction model in an easy, cost‐effective, and relatively accurate manner. This method will improve surgical planning and allow surgeons to provide better counselling for patients when radiologic images are not available.
Simultaneous double free radial forearm flaps combined with coronoidectomy and myotomy to release bilateral severe trismus: A case report
Authors: Chou Chieh , Chen Chien‐Chang , Lai Chung‐Sheng , Lin Sin‐Daw , Kuo Yur‐Ren 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOral cancers associated with submucosal fibrosis‐induced trismus are common. They may affect the patients' quality of life, cause nutritional deficits, and interfere with postoperative cancer surveillance. In such cases, locating desirable recipient vessels in the head and neck can be difficult. This report presents a 47‐year‐old man with severe trismus caused by recurrent head and neck cancer, who had received multiple free‐flap reconstructions after cancer ablation. Reconstruction was successfully achieved for the bilateral defects and releasing the trismus by using simultaneous double free radial forearm flaps as a chained flow‐through pattern with one residual recipient vessel combined with the bilateral myotomy of the medial pterygoid and masseter muscles, and coronoidectomy. Both flaps survived without any postoperative complication. The maximal mouth opening measured by interincisal distance was 38 mm intraoperative and 32 mm during the 3‐year follow‐up period. This approach may be an effective option for releasing trismus when recipient vessels are lacking.
The Varying Role of Vertebrae in Pacific Fishbone Analysis: Comparing Tropical Versus Temperate Midden Assemblages
Authors: Harris T. E. , Lilley K. A. , Walter R. K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractArchaeologists working in the tropical Pacific have demonstrated the feasibility and value of including fish vertebrae in midden analyses, and recent New Zealand studies draw similar conclusions. This work provides an illustrated guide to the identification of vertebrae from key New Zealand fish taxa and shows the effects of including vertebrae on a large fishbone assemblage from southern New Zealand. We note major differences between New Zealand and tropical Pacific assemblages resulting from the inclusion of vertebrae. Unlike the Indo‐Pacific taxa of the tropical Pacific, no New Zealand species have been shown to be sensitive to the inclusion of vertebrae. In both places, including vertebrae results in changes in relative abundance and rank order; but in New Zealand, this is a function of processing practices, not fishing behaviours. This work serves to highlight changes in the Polynesian fishing adaption following the colonisation of New Zealand. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Tanshinones in Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection after pre‐Column Derivatisation
Authors: Kishikawa Naoya , Yamanouchi Akiko , El‐Maghrabey Mahmoud Hamed , Ohyama Kaname , Kuroda Naotaka 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionTanshinones are a major class of bioactive ingredients in the traditional herbal medicines, Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). A sensitive and reliable determination method for tanshinones is useful to ensure the quality of Danshen.ObjectiveTo develop a sensitive and selective analytical method for tanshinones by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection after pre‐column derivatisation.MethodologyThe proposed method depends on derivatisation reaction of tanshinones with 4‐carbomethoxybenzaldehyde and ammonium acetate forming intensely fluorescent imidazole derivative.ResultsThe proposed method provided excellent sensitivity with the detection limits of 3.3 nM (66 fmol/injection), 3.2 nM (64 fmol/injection) and 2.0 nM (40 fmol/injection) for cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA, respectively, without the necessity of complicated instrumentations. The developed method is successfully applied to quantify the contents of tanshinones in Danshen.ConclusionThe developed method is the first analytical method for tanshinones by fluorescence detection. Since the derivatisation reaction is selective for the o‐quinone structure of tanshinone, the developed method will become a suitable mean for the discovering of tanshinone type diterpenoids from herbal samples. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrared‐Assisted Extraction and HPLC‐Analysis of Prunus armeniaca L. Pomace and Detoxified‐Kernel and their Antidiabetic Effects
Authors: Raafat Karim , El‐Darra Nada , Saleh Fatima A. , Rajha Hiba N. , Maroun Richard G. , Louka Nicolas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionPrunus armeniaca L. (P. armeniaca) is one of the medicinal plants with a high safety‐profile.ObjectivesThe aim of this work was to make an infrared‐assisted extraction (IR‐AE) of P. armeniaca fruit (pomace) and kernel, and analyse them using reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) aided method.MethodsIR‐AE is a novel‐technique aimed at increasing the extraction‐efficiency. The antidiabetic‐potentials of the P. armeniaca pomace (AP) and the detoxified P. armeniaca kernel extract (DKAP) were monitored exploring their possible hypoglycemic‐mechanisms. Acute (6 h), subchronic (8 days) and long‐term (8 weeks) assessment of Diabetes mellitus (DM) using glucometers and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) methods were applied.ResultsSerum‐insulin levels, the inhibitory effects on alpha‐glucosidase, serum‐catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were also monitored. AP was shown to be rich in polyphenolics like trans‐lutein (14.1%), trans‐zeaxanthin (10.5%), trans‐ß‐cryptoxanthin (11.6%), 13, cis‐ß‐carotene (6.5%), trans 9, cis‐ß‐carotene (18.4%), and ß‐carotene (21.5%). Prunus armeniaca kernel extract before detoxification (KAP) was found to be rich in amygdaline (16.1%), which caused a high mortality rate (50.1%), while after detoxification (amygdaline, 1.4%) a lower mortality rate (9.1%) was found. AP showed significant (p ≤ 0.05, n = 7/group) antidiabetic‐activity more prominent than DKAP acutely, subchronically and on longer‐terms. IR‐AEs displayed more efficient acute and subchronic blood glucose level (BGL) reduction than a conventional extraction method, which might be attributed to IR‐AE superiority in extraction of active ingredients. AP showed more‐significant and dose‐dependent increase in serum‐insulin, CAT‐levels and body‐weights more prominent than those of DKAP. Alpha‐glucosidase and LPO levels were inhibited with AP‐groups more‐significantly.ConclusionIn comparison to conventional‐methods, IR‐AE appeared to be an efficient and time‐conserving novel extraction method. The antidiabetic‐potentials of pomace and detoxified‐kernels of P. armeniaca were probably mediated via the attenuation of glucose‐provoked oxidative‐stress, the inhibition of alpha‐glucosidase and the marked insulin‐secretagogue effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimising bulk lifetime degradation during the processing of interdigitated back contact silicon solar cells
Authors: Rahman Tasmiat , To Alexander , Pollard Michael E. , Grant Nicholas E. , Colwell Jack , Payne David N.R. , Murphy John D. , Bagnall Darren M. , Hoex Bram , Boden Stuart A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, we develop a fabrication process for an interdigitated back contact solar cell using BBr3 diffusion to form the p+ region and POCl3 diffusion to form the n+ regions. We use the industry standard technology computer‐aided design modelling package, Synopsys Sentaurus, to optimize the geometry of the device using doping profiles derived from electrochemical capacitance voltage measurements. Cells are fabricated using n‐type float‐zone silicon substrates with an emitter fraction of 60%, with localized back surface field and contact holes. Key factors affecting cell performance are identified including the impact of e‐beam evaporation, dry etch damage, and bulk defects in the float zone silicon substrate. It is shown that a preoxidation treatment of the wafer can lead to a 2 ms improvement in bulk minority carrier lifetime at the cell level, resulting in a 4% absolute efficiency boost.