bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adults’ Descriptions of a Situation Can Influence Children's Appraisal, Feelings, and Subsequent Psychological Functions
Authors: Qu Li , Lim Zhao M. T. 
Published: April 2016

This study examined how an adult's descriptions of a situation could influence children's appraisal, feelings, and subsequent psychological functions. After baseline measures, 81 middle‐class Singaporean kindergarten children (Mage = 5.6 years, SD = 0.6) were exposed to an ambiguous accident and provided with positive, negative, or no descriptions of the accident. Children's appraisal of the experience, feelings of pleasantness, motivation to play a new game, confidence in playing the new game well, and performance on the new game were measured. The results revealed that the descriptions of the accident influenced children's appraisal, feelings of pleasantness, motivation to play a new game, confidence in playing the new game well, and performance on the new game.
Effects of low oxygen tension on gene profile of soluble growth factors in co‐cultured adipose‐derived stromal cells and chondrocytes
Authors: Shi Sirong , Xie Jing , Zhong Juan , Lin Shiyu , Zhang Tao , Sun Ke , Fu Na , Shao Xiaoru , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesMoving towards development of optimized cartilage regeneration with adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs), the focus of this study was on investigating the influence of hypoxia on soluble factors secreted by ASCs and chondrocytes after crosstalk.MethodsWe established direct contact co‐culture and non‐contact co‐culture systems by using red or green fluorescent protein (R/GFP)‐labelled mice and SD rats respectively. Gene variation of growth factors of the two cell types, in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions, were screened using semi‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsCo‐culture with ASCs and chondrocytes under hypoxia was shown to successfully induce or enhance ASC to chondrogenic differentiation. To be specific, chondrogenic maker genes: AGC, COL II and SOX9 were remarkably enhanced in both ASCs and chondrocytes after crosstalk under low oxygen tension. Subsequently, screening growth factors in ASCs and chondrocytes under hypoxia showed that HIF‐1α, VEGF‐A/B, BMP‐2/‐4/‐6, FGF‐2 and IGF‐1 were significantly increased, but not TGF‐β1.ConclusionsThese results revealed that both hypoxia and co‐culture systems can notably enhance chondrogenesis of ASCs as well as increase proliferation of ASCs and chondrocytes.
Platelet CD40 contributes to enhanced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels in patients with resistant hypertension
Authors: Stumpf Christian , Raaz Dorette , Klinghammer Lutz , Schneider Markus , Schmieder Roland E. , Garlichs Christoph D. , Achenbach Stephan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence shows that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension (EH). Although it is acknowledged that target organ damage involves an inflammatory response, most work has focused on the role of macrophages. However, recently, platelets were identified as inducing inflammation partly by releasing cytokines. The goal of our study was to evaluate the role of platelets as inflammatory cells in the pathogenesis of EH.MethodsThirty‐nine patients with EH and 30 healthy normotensive controls have been examined. Expression of platelet CD40 was measured by flow cytometry. Serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) and sCD40L were measured via a multiplexing assay. In in vitro experiments, activated platelets were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the presence and absence of anti‐CD154 antibodies. MCP‐1 in the supernatants was measured by EIA.ResultsEssential hypertension patients showed significantly enhanced MCP‐1 levels with highest levels in EH patients with microalbuminuria. EH patients showed increased expression of platelet CD40. In the cell coculture model, activated platelets were able to significantly induce MCP‐1 release from HUVEC in a CD40L‐dependent manner. EH patients showed elevated sCD40L levels with a positive correlation with MCP‐1 levels.ConclusionsPlatelets can contribute to enhanced MCP‐1 levels in EH. MCP‐1 is markedly elevated in serum of EH patients with highest levels in patients with microalbuminuria, one early sign of renal target organ damage. Further studies are required to test whether MCP‐1 blocking or antiplatelet strategies may represent new therapeutic options in preventing hypertensive target organ damage.
A review of the relationships between drought and forest fire in the United States
Authors: Littell Jeremy S. , Peterson David L. , Riley Karin L. , Liu Yongquiang , Luce Charles H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe historical and presettlement relationships between drought and wildfire are well documented in North America, with forest fire occurrence and area clearly increasing in response to drought. There is also evidence that drought interacts with other controls (forest productivity, topography, fire weather, management activities) to affect fire intensity, severity, extent, and frequency. Fire regime characteristics arise across many individual fires at a variety of spatial and temporal scales, so both weather and climate – including short‐ and long‐term droughts – are important and influence several, but not all, aspects of fire regimes. We review relationships between drought and fire regimes in United States forests, fire‐related drought metrics and expected changes in fire risk, and implications for fire management under climate change. Collectively, this points to a conceptual model of fire on real landscapes: fire regimes, and how they change through time, are products of fuels and how other factors affect their availability (abundance, arrangement, continuity) and flammability (moisture, chemical composition). Climate, management, and land use all affect availability, flammability, and probability of ignition differently in different parts of North America. From a fire ecology perspective, the concept of drought varies with scale, application, scientific or management objective, and ecosystem.
The Role of the Trigemino Cervical Complex in Chronic Whiplash Associated Headache: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Watson Dean H. , Drummond Peter D. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate signs of central sensitization in a cohort of patients with chronic whiplash associated headache (CWAH).BackgroundCentral sensitization is one of the mechanisms leading to chronicity of primary headache, and thus might contribute to CWAH. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of CWAH is poorly understood and whether it is simply an expression of the primary headache or has a distinct pathogenesis remains unclear. Thus, the factors involved in the genesis of CWAH require further investigation.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with CWAH (20 females, 2 males; age 25–50 years, mean age 36.3 years) and 25 asymptomatic participants (13 females, 12 males; age 18–50 years, mean age 35.6 years) rated glare and light‐induced discomfort in response to light from an ophthalmoscope. Hyperalgesia evoked by a pressure algometer was assessed bilaterally on the forehead, temples, occipital base, and the middle phalanx of the third finger. The number, latency, area under the curve, and recovery cycle of nociceptive blink reflexes elicited by a supraorbital electrical stimulus were also recorded.ResultsEight and 6 CWAH patients had migrainous and tension‐type headache (TTH) profiles, respectively; the remainder had features attributable to both migraine and TTH. Patients in the whiplash group reported significantly greater light‐induced pain than controls (8.48 ± .35 vs 6.66 ± .43 on a 0–10 scale; P = .001). The CWAH patients reported significantly lower pressure pain thresholds at all sites. For stimuli delivered at 20 second intervals, whiplash patients were more responsive than controls (4.8 ± .6 blinks vs 3.0 ± .6 blinks in a block of 10 stimuli; P = .036). While R2 latencies and the area under the curve for the 20 second interval trials were comparable in both groups, there was a significant reduction of the area under the curve from the first to the second of the 2‐second interval trials only in controls (99 ± 8% of baseline in whiplash patients vs 68 ± 7% in controls; P = .009). The recovery cycle was comparable for both groups.ConclusionsOur results corroborate previous findings of mechanical hypersensitivity and photophobia in CWAH patients. The neurophysiological data provide further evidence for hyperexcitability in central nociceptive pathways, and endorse the hypothesis that CWAH may be driven by central sensitization.
Demographic drivers of age‐dependent sexual selection
Authors: Martin A. M. , Festa‐Bianchet M. , Coltman D. W. , Pelletier F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSexual selection has a critical role in evolution, and it is fundamental to identify what ecological factors drive its variation. Disentangling the ecological correlates of sexual selection over the long term, however, is challenging and has rarely been done in nature. We sought to assess how demographic changes influenced the intensity, direction and form of sexual selection and whether selective pressures varied with age. We tested whether breeder sex ratio, number of competitors and age structure influenced selection differentials on horn length of wild bighorn rams (Ovis canadensis) of different age classes on Ram Mountain, Alberta. We used 21 years of data including a detailed pedigree, demographic parameters and repeated morphological measurements. Sexual selection on horn length of males of all ages was directional and positive. Selection intensity increased with the number of competitors, reflecting male–male encounter rate during the rut, but was independent of breeder sex ratio or age structure. This result can also be linked to changes in population size because the number of competitors was highly correlated to total number of sheep. This demographic effect likely arises from age‐dependent mating tactics. Males aged 2–4 years are weakly competitive and experienced stronger sexual selection as they accounted for a greater proportion of all males. Selection experienced by mature males appeared independent of demography. Our study provides a rare description of the demographic determinants of sexual selection in nature.
Comparative evaluation of subgingivally delivered 1% alendronate versus 1.2% atorvastatin gel in treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Pradeep Avani R. , Kanoriya Dharmendra , Singhal Sandeep , Garg Vibhuti , Manohar Balaji , Chatterjee Anirban 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimAlendronate (ALN) and atorvastatin (ATV) are known to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption and were proposed to have osteostimulative properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 1% ALN and 1.2% ATV gel as a local drug‐delivery system in adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) for the treatment of intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis patients.MethodsA total of 90 intrabony defects were treated with either 1% ALN, 1.2% ATV, or placebo gel. Clinical parameters (plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL)) were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. Intrabony defect depth (IBD) and defect depth reduction (DDR%) was calculated on standardized radiographs at 6 and 9 months.ResultsThe mean PD reduction, CAL gain, and DDR% were greater in the ALN and ATV group than in the placebo group at 3, 6, and 9 months. Furthermore, a significantly greater DDR% was found in the ALN group at 6 and 9 months than in the ATV and placebo groups.ConclusionLocal delivery of 1% ALN results in significantly greater improvement in PD, CAL, IBD depth, and DDR% as compared to 1.2% ATV gel.
Low patch test reactivity to nickel in unselected adolescents tested repeatedly with nickel in infancy
Authors: Christiansen Elisabeth Soegaard , Andersen Klaus Ejner , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Halken Susanne , Kjaer Henrik Formsgaard , Eller Esben , Høst Arne , Mortz Charlotte Gotthard 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundIt is questionable how repeated patch tests with nickel sulfate in infancy affect nickel patch test reactivity at a later age.MethodsThe Danish Allergy Research Center (DARC) cohort encompasses 562 infants invited to a clinical examination including patch tests with nickel sulfate six times during the first 36 months of life. At the follow‐up investigation at 14 years of age (2013–2014), participants were offered re‐patch tests with nickel sulfate. The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study TOACS cohort encompasses 1501 schoolchildren evaluated for the first time at 14 years of age (1995–1996) including clinical examination and nickel sulfate patch tests. The prevalence of nickel sensitization in the DARC cohort was compared to the prevalence in the TOACS cohort at 14 years of age.ResultsNickel sulfate sensitization was found in 1.2% of the participants from the DARC cohort tested repeatedly with nickel sulfate in early childhood and retested at 14 years of age compared to 8.6% of the participants from the TOACS cohort patch‐tested for the first time at 14 years of age using the same patch test system and test concentration.ConclusionThe significant difference in nickel patch test reactivity comparing the two cohorts may reflect an immunologic effect or the effect of nickel regulation.
Daptomycin–β-Lactam Combinations in a Rabbit Model of Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis
Authors: Chambers Henry F. , Basuino Li , Hamilton Stephanie M. , Choo Eun Ju , Moise Pamela 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Beta-lactams enhance the
in vitro
activity of daptomycin against methicillin-resistant strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
. Experiments were performed in a rabbit model of aortic valve endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant daptomycin-nonsusceptible
S. aureus
strain CB5054 to determine if a cephalosporin, ceftriaxone, administered as a once-daily dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight, or a carbapenem, ertapenem, administered as a once-daily dose of 40 mg/kg, improved the efficacy of daptomycin, administered as a once-daily dose of 12 mg/kg. Daptomycin was ineffective alone in reducing organism densities compared to untreated controls in vegetations and spleen, but densities were 1.4 log
10
CFU/g lower in kidney. The combination of daptomycin plus ceftriaxone or daptomycin plus ertapenem reduced bacterial densities in all tissues compared to single agents, with 0.6 to 1.0 log
10
CFU/g fewer organisms in vegetations, 1.5 to 2.5 log
10
CFU/g fewer organisms in spleen, and 1.8 to 2.5 log
10
CFU/g fewer organisms in kidney, although differences were statistically significant only in spleen for daptomycin plus ceftriaxone and in kidney for daptomycin plus ertapenem. Drug exposures in rabbits were less than those achievable in humans, which may have limited the
in vivo
activity, particularly in vegetations.
Training general practitioners contributes to the identification of palliative patients and to multidimensional care provision: secondary outcomes of an RCT
Authors: Thoonsen Bregje , Gerritzen Stefanie H M , Vissers Kris C P , Verhagen Stans , van Weel Chris , Groot Marieke , Engels Yvonne 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionTo support general practitioners (GPs) in providing early palliative care to patients with cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure, the RADboud university medical centre indicators for PAlliative Care needs tool (RADPAC) and a training programme were developed to identify such patients and to facilitate anticipatory palliative care planning. We studied whether GPs, after 1 year of training, identified more palliative patients, and provided multidimensional and multidisciplinary care more often than untrained GPs.MethodsWe performed a survey 1 year after GPs in the intervention group of an RCT were trained. With the help of a questionnaire, all 134 GPs were asked how many palliative patients they had identified, and whether anticipatory care was provided. We studied number of identified palliative patients, expected lifetime, contact frequency, whether multidimensional care was provided and which other disciplines were involved.ResultsTrained GPs identified more palliative patients than did untrained GPs (median 3 vs 2; p 0.046) and more often provided multidimensional palliative care (p 0.024). In both groups, most identified patients had cancer.ConclusionsRADPAC sensitises GPs in the identification of palliative patients. Trained GPs more often provided multidimensional palliative care. Further adaptation and evaluation of the tools and training are necessary to improve early palliative care for patients with organ failure.Trial registration numberNTR2815; post results.
Effect of continuous access to feeding stalls during mixing on behavior, welfare, and performance of group-housed gestating sows in different social ranks
Authors: Wang Lihua H. , Li Yuzhi Z. 
Published: April 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate a strategy of using feeding stalls to protect low-ranking sows in group-housing systems. Sows (n = 150, parity 1–9) were mixed at weaning in pens of 15 sows. Control pens allowed sows to access feeding stalls for 1 h of feeding daily during the initial 2 d after mixing. Treatment pens allowed sows to access feeding stalls continuously. Social rank was determined based on outcomes of aggressive interactions among sows after mixing. Low-ranking sows used the feeding stalls more frequently (P < 0.01) than high-ranking sows during the initial 6 h after mixing. Continuous stall access reduced frequency of aggressive interactions (P = 0.05) and, consequently, reduced skin lesions (P = 0.05) of sows in the pen. Neither continuous access to stalls nor social rank affected performance of sows. These results suggest that low-ranking sows used feeding stalls as hiding spaces to escape from aggressive interactions during mixing, which reduced skin lesions caused by aggression and improved the welfare of sows in the group-housing system studied.
Ruminal in vitro gas production, dry matter digestibility, methane abatement potential, and fatty acid biohydrogenation of six species of microalgae
Authors: Anele U.Y. , Yang W.Z. , McGinn P.J. , Tibbetts S.M. , McAllister T.A. 
Published: April 2016

This study evaluated the composition, digestibility [dry matter digestibility (DMD)], CH4 abatement potential, and fatty acid biohydrogenation of six species of microalgae. Lipid content ranged from 115 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) (Scenedesmus sp. AMDD) to 361 g kg−1 DM (Tetracystis sp.), while Scenedesmus sp. AMDD had the highest carbohydrate (364 g kg−1 DM) and fibre content (277 g kg−1 DM). Gas production was highest (P < 0.001) for Micractinium reisseri and Chlorella vulgaris. In vitro DMD ranged from 654 g kg−1 for Scenedesmus sp. AMDD to 797 g kg−1 for Nannochloris bacillaris. Total CH4 differed (P < 0.001) among microalgae, ranging from 1.76 mL g−1 DM for Tetracystis sp. to 4.07 mL g−1 DM for M. reisseri. Nannochloropsis granulata (marine) had higher myristic, palmitoleic, and eicosapentaenoic acid levels than freshwater microalgae. Levels of α-linolenic acid were higher in Scenedesmus sp. AMDD than all other microalgae. CH4 production negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with levels of total carbohydrate, oleic, and α-linolenic acid. Despite having a lower lipid content, CH4 reductions with Scenedesmus sp. AMDD were comparable to Tetracystis sp. and N. bacillaris. Reductions in CH4 with Tetracystis sp. and N. bacillaris occurred without a decline in DMD, suggesting that overall microbial activity was not inhibited.
Surface plasmon resonance sensor using functionalized alkanethiols monolayer for illegal compound detection
Authors: Suherman  , Morita Kinichi , Kawaguchi Toshikazu 
Published: April 2016

The development of highly sensitive detection of [Formula: see text]-agonists compound by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunoassay functionalized alkanethiols monolayer on gold surface was reported here. For the construction of robust SPR sensor surface, the illegal compound (as antigen) was immobilized onto gold succinimide-terminated monolayer to perform amide-coupling reaction. Structural characteristic of monolayer is an important issue for further application of selt-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based molecular electronics. This study focuses on the relation between structure of alkanethiols SAM of different chain length and its sensitivity of the detection. The surface structure is characterized by electrochemical methods and STM. The target compound in this research is clenbuterol as farmers used illegally to increase their profit gain. For the detection of clenbuterol, indirect competitive inhibition method was used. In this work, the SPR senses the dielectric constant change at the interface from the binding of the unreacted antibody to antigen-immobilized on the sensor surface. By this method, clenbuterol can be detected within ppt level and only requires 5[Formula: see text]min per sample. Furthermore, shorter chain alkanethiol sensor surface produces higher sensitivity in the detection process.
Subtypes of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancers Are Associated with HPV Characteristics, Copy Number Alterations, PIK3CA Mutation, and Pathway Signatures
Authors: Zhang Yanxiao , Koneva Lada A. , Virani Shama , Arthur Anna E. , Virani Alisha , Hall Pelle B. , Warden Charles D. , Carey Thomas E. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Prince Mark E. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Wolf Gregory T. , Rozek Laura S. , Sartor Maureen A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Purpose: There is substantial heterogeneity within human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancer (HNC) tumors that predispose them to different outcomes; however, the molecular heterogeneity in this subgroup is poorly characterized due to various historical reasons.
Experimental Design: We performed unsupervised gene expression clustering on deeply annotated (transcriptome and genome) HPV+ HNC samples from two cohorts (84 total primary tumors), including 18 HPV− HNC samples, to discover subtypes and characterize the differences between subgroups in terms of their HPV characteristics, pathway activity, whole-genome somatic copy number alterations, and mutation frequencies.
Results: We identified two distinct HPV+ subtypes (namely HPV-KRT and HPV-IMU). HPV-KRT is characterized by elevated expression of genes in keratinocyte differentiation and oxidation–reduction process, whereas HPV-IMU has strong immune response and mesenchymal differentiation. The differences in expression are likely connected to the differences in HPV characteristics and genomic changes. HPV-KRT has more genic viral integration, lower E2/E4/E5 expression levels, and higher ratio of spliced to full-length HPV oncogene E6 than HPV-IMU; the subgroups also show differences in copy number alterations and mutations, in particular the loss of chr16q in HPV-IMU and gain of chr3q and PIK3CA mutation in HPV-KRT.
Conclusions: Our characterization of two subtypes of HPV+ HNC tumors provides valuable molecular level information that point to two main carcinogenic paths. Together, these results shed light on stratifications of the HPV+ HNCs and will help to guide personalized care for HPV+ HNC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4735–45. ©2016 AACR.
STUDIES IN MESPILUS, CRATAEGUS, AND ×CRATAEMESPILUS (ROSACEAE), I. DIFFERENTIATION OF MESPILUS AND CRATAEGUS, EXPANSION OF ×CRATAEMESPILUS, WITH SUPPLEMENTARY OBSERVATIONS ON DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CRATAEGUS AND AMELANCHIER CLADES
Authors: Phipps James B. 
Published: April 2016

The paper argues the position for retaining a monotypic Mespilus, i.e., in the sense of M. germanica, the medlar. Recent cladistic papers lend support for Mespilus being sister to Crataegus, and there is a clear morphological distinction from Crataegus, emphasized by adaptation to carnivore frugivory. Mespilus secured, the paper then treats each of the known hybrids between Mespilus and Crataegus, making the new combination Crataemespilus ×canescens (J.B. Phipps) J.B. Phipps.