bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Vertical-axis Tidal Turbine Mechanical Strength using FSI Analysis based on Blade Profile
Authors: Ari Muhamad , Hadiwidodo Yoyok Setyo , Mukhtasor  
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tidal energy, as a renewable energy source harnessed from the ocean, holds substantial promise owing to its heightened energy density, reliability, and longevity. An investigation encompassing the deployment of tidal stream electricity from 2003 through August 2020 revealed that blade malfunction was identified as the primary reason for system failures, with generator and monitoring system failures occurring subsequently. The majority of the research that has been done on the design of vertical-axis tidal turbine blades has focused on how well the blade performs in terms of power output without taking into account the generation of mechanical force. This force can potentially shorten the blade’s lifetime when implemented in a real-world scenario. By modelling a steady-state fluid-structure interaction (FSI) configuration, this study examines how the shape of the turbine blades affects the amount of mechanical force they generate, particularly in vertical-axis tidal turbines. The type of blade profile is the variable under consideration, and the stress levels experienced by a structure are influenced by the type of blade profile used. When comparing symmetrical and asymmetrical NACA straight blade types under similar climatic conditions, it has been found that the blade profile plays a significant role. Asymmetrical blade profiles, in particular, generate a higher lift force compared to symmetrical ones, thereby affecting stress levels more noticeably.
Optimization of Fuel Enrichment and Reactor Core Pitch Dimension in Hydride Microreactor using NSGA-II Method and OpenMC Calculation
Authors: Gusti A R P , Harto A W , Agung A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the design optimization of a hydride microreactor, aimed at supporting the equitable development of electricity in remote regions of Indonesia. Its compact design, inherent safety properties, and independence from the conventional electric grid make this microreactor concept suitable for electrifying even the most inaccessible areas. Current research investigates various aspects of the hydride microreactor design, employing a standard reactor core pitch dimension of 2.4 cm and fuel enrichment of 12%. It is crucial to operate the reactor using specific concentrations of Gadolinia burnable poison to enable a shutdown in the event of a stuck rod. By optimizing only the pitch dimension and fuel enrichment, the reactor can be simulated relatively quickly without the need for burnup calculations. Ideal configuration aims for lower enrichment, an extended fuel cycle, and a relatively low power peaking factor (PPF). The optimization process utilizes the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm – II, with the neutron multiplication factor (keff) and PPF as primary objectives. Fuel cycle and feedback reactivity are the sub-objectives that are used to identify the optimal solution from the Pareto front. The calculation process of keff, PPF, fuel cycle, and feedback reactivity coefficients for specific pitch dimensions and fuel enrichment are done by utilizing the OpenMC Monte Carlo code. The optimal configuration is obtained through four generations of NSGA-II, featuring a reactor core pitch of 2.1 cm and fuel enrichment of 10.4%. This configuration yields a keff value of 1.0712049 and a PPF value of 2,0728 at the Beginning of Life (BOL). Remarkably, this configuration enables safe operation without using burnable poison for a continuous period of 12 years, generating 1 MW of thermal power. Emphasizing the reduction of fissile material is also essential to enhance the inherent safety of the reactor.
Computational assessment dose distribution of the antero-posterior and postero-anterior in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for colorectal cancer
Authors: Putri S S , Harto A W , Sardjono Y 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Colorectal is part of the gastrointestinal system that anatomically and physiologically, is excretory and extends throughout the abdominal region. In BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) treatment for colorectal cancer, special projections are needed to ensure the dose is distributed effectively in cancer cells. Computational evaluation was carried out using PHITS 3.30 version, to determine the number of doses for organs at risk in the Antero-Posterior (AP) projection compared to the Postero-Anterior (PA) projection in this case, if the cancer cells are located in different parts, there are rectum and colon (transverse). BNCT treatment planning was designed using a female abdomen phantom voxel with the patient position Left Lateral Decubitus. Based on the simulation and evaluation results, it’s confirmed that isoeffective dose and irradiation time examined in the rectum is significantly reduced in the postero-anterior position so that postero-anterior and antero-posterior calculation results are 0.74 Gy and 20.61 Gy. However, if the cancer cells are in the transverse colon, antero-posterior projection is more effective for cases of colon cancer in the transverse colon of 0.71 Gy, and the postero-anterior projection with a dose of 29.15 Gy.
A Comparative Study on Picoammeter Designs as Alternatives for Nuclear Reactor Power Measurement Systems
Authors: Hanifasasti Alika , Bakhri Syaiful , Sukarman  , Helmi Fauzi R. , Septawijaya Gilang , Rankai Rasya P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study investigates the picoammeter, a highly sensitive current measurement device capable of measuring currents in the picoampere (pA) range. It discusses the typical amplification technique in picoammeters, utilizing an Op-Amp in a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) circuit to convert the current into a voltage signal. The paper explores the impact of different IC Op-Amps on the picoammeter’s performance, evaluating AD549, MAX4230, LMC662, TLV272, and MCP6001. The result reveals that AD549 Op-Amp ICs are more suitable for picoammeter design due to their low noise performance and low input bias current. Noise output and AC stability are assessed through numerical analysis and simulations using a circuit simulator. The resulting picoammeter exhibits low noise, high sensitivity, and precise measurement accuracy, making it an optimal choice for precise low-current measurements in CIC detectors.
Integration methods: H3PO4 immersion and gamma irradiation exposure in modified activated carbon from banana (Musa paradisiaca L. sp.) stems biomass
Authors: Ariyanti Dhita , Saragih Renaldy Bernardo , Darojati Harum Azizah , Swantomo Deni , Permana Sidik , Pramutadi Asril , Wijaya Rio Natanael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Indonesia has abundant natural resources or tropical fruit like bananas (Musa paradisiaca L.sp.). Waste from natural resources can be identified as biomass. In Musa paradisiaca L.sp., biomass is derived from banana peels, stems, and leaves. This biomass can be used as activated carbon. Banana stems can be processed into activated carbon because they contain galacturonic acid. This a combine method of chemical activation via phosphate acid (H3PO4) immersion and gamma irradiation exposure to synthesize activated carbon from banana stems. These combined methods can make the surface area increase and make its function improve. Gamma irradiation exposure used variant doses 10 kGy, 30 kGy, and 50 kGy. Synthesized activated carbon was characterized using Teller Brunauer Emmett (BET) to analyze surface area of Activated Carbon and to identify the functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The result shows the hidroxyl functional group decreases, and the transmission between irradiated carbons decreases with the increasing irradiation dose used. Effect of integration methods of acid immersion and gamma irradiation exposure on increasing surface area is enlarger of activated carbon banana stem. However, high-dose gamma irradiation exposure did not significantly impact surface area formation.
Feasibility Study of Rubber Seeds from North Sumatra, Indonesia as Biodiesel Feedstock; Production and Characterization
Authors: Tambunan Bisrul Hapis , Ambarita Himsar , Sitorus Tulus Burhanuddin , Sebayang Abdi Hanra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There are 5.5 million tons of rubber seeds produced annually on the 3.6 million hectares of rubber plantations that are located in Indonesia. Based on current estimates, 2.4 million tons of biodiesel may be produced if the rubber seeds are utilized as the primary raw material. Rubber seeds are a product of rubber plantations that have not been exploited; to obtain them, there is no need for new land or planting new trees. Rubber seeds are also non-edible, so their use does not conflict with foodstuffs. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of rubber seed as a raw material for biodiesel and to produce and characterise biodiesel from rubber seed. The rubber seeds that have been collected from smallholder plantations in the northern Sumatra region of Indonesia are peeled to separate them from the kernels. Rubber seed kernels are boiled for 4 hours to separate the sap. Kernels that have been boiled are drained and then dried in the sun for 2 days in sunny weather. Kernels that had been dried in the sun were pressed using a screw press, and crude rubber seed oil was obtained. This crude oil is produced into biodiesel through degumming, esterification, and trans-esterification stages. Biodiesel production was carried out with variations in the catalyst ratios of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1, variations in the ratio of oil/methanol (w/v) of 1:1.25, 1:1.5, 1:1.75 (g/ml), and 1:2, variations in temperature of 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C, and reaction times of 70 minutes, 80 minutes, 90 minutes, and 100 minutes. For each of these variables, the yield of biodiesel produced was calculated. Then the resulting biodiesel is characterised by testing its psychochemical properties against ASTM standards, which include calorific value, oxidation stability, viscosity, density, acid content, cetane number, and flash point. In the experiment on the effect of the amount of catalyst, the largest yield of 85% was obtained when the catalyst ratio (%v/v) was 0.75; in the investigation of the effect of the molar ratio of oil and methanol, the largest yield of 88% was obtained at a ratio of 1.75; the maximum yield of 85% was also obtained at a reaction temperature of 60 °C and 89% at a reaction time of 100 minutes. Almost all of the properties meet ASTM standards, except for the acid value of 0.53 mg KOH/g, which is 0.03 mg KOH/g higher, whereas according to the ASTM D6751-D 664 standard, the maximum acid value is 0.5 mg KOH/g.
Numerical Investigation of Vertical-Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine on Side-by-Side Configuration
Authors: Widyawan H B , Satrio D , Mukhtasor  
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Indonesia, a maritime country, has a renewable energy source that has not been utilized to date, which is ocean current energy, with a potential reaching 17.9 GW. Ocean current energy conversion can be harnessed by using a turbine. A turbine farm is one of the solutions that can be applied to harvest energy and utilize the full potential of the energy available. The arrangements of the turbine on a turbine farm become crucial because the wake generated may affect the performance of the turbines. In this study, numerical simulation will be carried out to find the best y/D distance for twin turbine in low-velocity ocean currents. The simulation is carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics software with different variations of lateral spacing (y/D 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0). The performance of each turbine, such as torque and Cp, is obtained and compared to a single turbine arrangement. At y/D 1.5 peak Cp achieved at 0.45, a 53% increase from single turbine arrangement. Using a twin turbine arrangement may be beneficial in developing ocean current turbine farms in the future.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Utilization Offshore Platform in the Java Sea to Produce Hydrogen with Offshore Wind Turbine-Based Energy Sources
Authors: Franika Resistentio Vembre , Ridwan Muhhamad Kholid , Perdana Abram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Indonesia’s geographical condition, which consists of 70 percent ocean territory, holds the potential for utilizing offshore wind turbines to provide cleaner energy. In this study, economic calculations were conducted for offshore wind turbines to generate green electricity and green hydrogen. The chosen ocean area for this endeavor is around the Papa offshore platform in the Java Sea. This area has experienced an economic decline, making it viable for repurposing as a sub-station for a powerhouse and an electrolyzer plant. Based on meteorological data analysis results, the area around the Papa offshore platform exhibits an average at height of 119 m; the wind speed is 5.5 m/s.The prevailing wind direction is East Southeast (ESE), with a frequency of 25.2%. Further analysis of wind farms aimed at generating a capacity of 100.8 MW revealed an optimal potential energy generation of approximately 141,656.9 MWh per year. For scenario 1 (electricity production), the cost is $0.192/kWh. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) for scenario 2 (offshore electrolyzer) and scenario 3 (onshore electrolyzer) is $9.44/kg and $10.1/kg, respectively. To assess investment feasibility, a Net Present Value (NPV) analysis was conducted. This analysis yielded a selling price of electricity at $0.0271/kWh for the first scenario. For the second scenario, the selling price of hydrogen was calculated at $17.11/kg, and for the third scenario, it was $16.99/kg. Considering its flexibility and potential response to restrictions, the third scenario was deemed the most suitable for offshore utilization to produce clean energy.
Analysis of the Effect of More Fuel and Air Variations Excess Air on Combustion Process Simulation at a 10 kW Biomass Power Plant Using ASPEN PLUS
Authors: Ridwan Mohammad Kholid , Saptoadi Harwin , Afifah Nuha Amiratul , Akbar Ridwan Ali , Asy-Syahrani Maulana Alif 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The utilization of biomass as an alternative energy can support the achievement of Net Zero Emissions. Each type of biomass fuel can provide different combustion effects from one another. This is due to the different heating values of each fuel. The calorific value is one of the things that affect the combustion performance of the biomass power plant. The main purpose of this study is to examine how different amounts of excess air used during the combustion process affect the outcomes. Combustion is a chemical reaction involving decomposition and gasification that simultaneously occurs in a space where a large amount of energy is released. The modeling and simulation of the decomposition and gasification processes were carried out using Aspen Plus. In this simulator, the decomposition process takes place in the Yields Reactor, while the gasification process occurs in the Gibbs Reactor. The biomass and ash components are characterized by their ultimate, proximate, and sulfur analysis. Then the excess air is varied to analyze its impact on the flame temperature from the reaction. The simulation findings emphasize crucial considerations for achieving complete combustion and reducing harmful gas emissions. Maintaining excess air close to the stoichiometric level ensures maximum combustion temperature at 1616.15 °C while minimizing excess air reduces NOx gas concentration. Approaching stoichiometric air level decreases CO gas and increases CO2, indicating more thorough combustion. However, excess air leads to lower adiabatic flame temperature due to nitrogen formation.
Unraveling the Sustainability Footprint: A Descriptive Analysis of Co-firing Technologies for Advancing Energy Transition in Indonesia
Authors: Budiarto Rachmawan , Novitasari Dwi , Izzati Ayesha Rida , Sari Wangi Pandan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Indonesia has ambitious renewable energy goals of achieving 23% utilization of renewable energy in primary energy mix by 2025 and 31% by 2050. To reduce emissions, the government plans to phase out Coal-Fired Power Plants (PLTU) by 2030 and adopt co-firing technology to decrease coal usage. Co-firing involves burning renewable materials alongside fossil fuels to reduce carbon emissions. However, concerns have arisen regarding this method’s sustainability, considering the environmental impact of various biomass sources. This research utilizes a descriptive analysis method to examine and assess the critical sustainability factors related to co-firing in Indonesia. While biomass can help mitigate GHG emissions, a comprehensive assessment of net emissions from the biomass process is crucial. Careful planning and policies for co-firing implementation are essential to mitigate negative effects and promote a greener future for Indonesia.
Experimental Study of Agglomeration Formation during Co-Combustion of Coal and Palm Kernel Shell in Fluidized Bed
Authors: Hidayat T , Budianto D , Kurniawati D , Pansawati I S , Saputra T F , Januardi R , Arnif I , Sulistyawati N E E , Sutardi T , Cahyadi  
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Co-combustion of biomass and coal in Indonesia power plants are a key element of the path towards achieving net-zero emissions. However, introducing biomass into a coal-boiler furnace may pose operational challenges. Therefore, this study aims to assess the potential of agglomeration when mixing biomass with a fluidized bed boiler. Complementation simulation tests were conducted by combining coal with various fractions of palm kernel shell (PKS) in a furnace capacity of 5kWth maintained at 850°C within an hour. The initial fuel was 100% coal, gradually increasing the biomass mixture by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The results indicated that de-fluidization occurred at 25% of the biomass mixture and to prevent agglomeration, the temperature of the bed was kept below 850°C. The agglomeration test of coal and PKS mixtures was successfully performed in a 5kW lab-scale facility, and the result will be useful for predicting agglomeration phenomena in power plants.
Optimization of anaerobic filter reactor with zeolite immobilization media for dairy sludge waste treatment for biogas production
Authors: Pampang Harun , Purnomo Chandra Wahyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sludge from the dairy industry’s wastewater treatment contains a high organic content and a strong odor. It is proposed to treat the sludge by an anaerobic digestion process using a continuous anaerobic filter reactor (AFR) equipped with media immobilization support and a combination of ORP and pH sensors. Three immobilized media were put into different AFRs. The process took place in a cylindrical reactor with a column height of 150 cm and diameter of 63 cm with a total volume of 30 L. The total period of the anaerobic digestion process took place 17 days after the batch process. When the experiment was carried out using a flow-rate of 5 L/day, the highest sCOD removal of 90.44 % was using bioring media. Meanwhile, using flow-rate of 8L/day the highest sCOD removal up to 88.05 % was achieved by using zeolite media. The highest average methane production was obtained 8 mL/day and 24 mL/day of zeolite media by using flow-rate 5 L/day and 8 L/day respectively and reduced HRT up to 90 hours. To ensure the cellular activity on degradation of organic compounds is measured by Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) value. In the first stage, the ORP value is -60.23 mV to -472.82 mV for a flow-rate of 5 L/day subsequently the second stage is -471.9 mV to -477.75 mV for a flow-rate of 8 L/day. Anaerobic filter reactors using zeolite media can retain the effect of influent perturbation with a high range of alteration of sCOD and high recovery.
The effects of voltage, particle size, and temperature on bio-oil yield produced via pyrolysis of Sargassum sp
Authors: Refki Muhammad Fuad , Wintoko Joko , Widawati Teta Fathya , Nisya Alinda Fitrotun , Budiman Arief 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The energy demand is increasing due to population growth and economic activities. Currently, global energy production, including in Indonesia, heavily relies on fossil fuels like petroleum, which are depleting day by day. One renewable energy form for the future is bio-oil, produced through pyrolysis using biomass as raw material. Macroalgae biomass, particularly Sargassum sp., is a sustainable and net-zero emission source for renewable energy. Pyrolysis is a promising technique to convert Sargassum sp. into high-value charcoal, gas, and bio-oil with less than 20% moisture content. Experimental research was conducted using a simple slow pyrolysis setup, using Sargassum sp. from Pantai Trenggole, Gunung Kidul. Proximate analysis showed Sargassum sp. contains ash, water, volatile matter (Vm), fixed carbon (FC), and calorific value of 15.428%, 6.032%, 40.222%, 38.318%, and 2161.758 cal/g respectively. Regarding the experiment results, the maximum bio-oil yield was obtained at 200 V with a yield of 27.289%. For the particle size variable, the maximum bio-oil yield was achieved with particles of 10-40 mesh, resulting in 27.289% yield. Regarding the temperature variable, the highest bio-oil yield was obtained at 600 °C with a yield of 29.362%.
Thermodynamic Performance Characterization of a Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle with 5 kW Net Power Output
Authors: Tanbar Fefria , Panuntun Rafael Pungkas , Nugraha Ariyana Dwiputra , Tambunan Handrea Bernando , Nurfanani Achmad , Digwijaya Wigas , Muflikhun Muhammad Akhsin , Khasani  , Ariyadi Hifni Mukhtar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Indonesia’s current energy landscape predominantly depends on fossil fuels and non-renewable energy sources, thereby exacerbating the issue of global warming. On the other side, geothermal utilization in the country still needs to be expanded to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels, particularly through organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems. As an example, Ulumbu Geothermal Power Plant in Flores Island currently uses a back pressure turbine, which releases expanded steam directly into the atmosphere at 98.7°C and 0.98 bar. This paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of a small-scale Organic Rankine Cycle with 5kW Net power output based on the waste heat data of the Ulumbu Geothermal Power Plant. The study includes selecting the working fluid based on Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP) values, thermal efficiency, refrigerant, and steam mass flow rate calculation. Among 20 refrigerants available in Indonesia, R245fa shows promise, offering a Rankine system efficiency of 10-11%, zero ODP, a GWP of 850, and the lowest refrigerant mass flow rate. These parameters inform useful initial parameters for designing a small-scale ORC system producing 5 kW of net power, promoting cleaner and sustainable energy solutions for communities.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of unbaked cilembu sweet potato
Authors: Aliwarga Bryan S , Muhammad Khalid , Asri Lia A T W , Wibowo Arie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) is one of attractive nanomaterials for biomedical applications, such as electroactive scaffold, antimicrobial treatment, anticancer therapy, and wound healing. Previously, AgNP was successfully synthesized using extract of Cilembu sweet potato (CSP) only if the extract was baked in oven at 120 °C for 60 minutes, which is an energy-intensive and time-consuming process. In this study, AgNPs was fabricated using unbaked extract of CSP with employing fast microwave heating instead of baking process. Microwave irradiation time were varied (0, 30, 60 and 90 seconds) to know the influence of microwave irradiation time on particles size and morphology of the obtained AgNPs. The obtained samples were evaluated using UV-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy to know the surface plasmon resonance characteristic, average particles size and morphologies of the obtained AgNPs respectively.