bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Parkinson's Disease‐Cognitive Rating Scale Applying the Movement Disorder Society Task Force Criteria for Dementia Associated with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Serrano‐Dueñas Marcos , Serrano Maite , Villena Diana , Granda David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe authors studied the measurement properties of the Parkinson's Disease‐Cognitive Rating Scale (PD‐CRS) compared with Movement Disorders Society Task Force (MDS‐TF) criteria for the diagnosis of dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease.MethodsThe sample consisted of 223 patients who were diagnosed in accordance with the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank who were assessed with both theMDS‐TFand thePD‐CRScriteria (in addition to other instruments) without the assessors' knowledge of previous results. Internal consistency was studied (homogeneity of the items and Guttmann's λ values were obtained) in addition to convergent, divergent, and discriminative validity. The receiver operating characteristic curve was obtained, and the cutoff point at which thePD‐CRShad the greatest efficiency was analyzed.ResultsThe internal consistency was shown to be adequate, with a λ value of 0.821. A floor effect was observed in 4 of the items (Sustained Attention, Working Memory, Immediate Verbal Memory, and Alternating Verbal Fluency), and 1 item showed a ceiling effect (Clock Copying). The scale adequately discriminated patients with and without dementia (Kruskal‐Wallis;P ≤ 0.000). The area under the curve was 0.899. With a cutoff score of 62 (from a possible score of 134), the scale achieved 94% sensitivity and 99% specificity.ConclusionsThePD‐CRShas adequate measurement properties and is a valid tool for studying the presence of dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Adolescent BMI trajectories with clusters of physical activity and sedentary behaviour: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Nesbit K. C. , Low J. A. , Sisson S. B. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to identify distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories associated with weight classification, and to examine demographic characteristics and clusters of obesogenic behaviours in adolescents with these trajectories.MethodsData were extracted from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 1,006, Grades 5–8). The independent variables were physical activity (accelerometer and child report), sports participation, television/video watching time and recreational computer use. The dependent variable was raw BMI. Growth mixture modelling, mixture modelling and independent t‐test analyses were used.ResultsTwo distinct BMI trajectories were identified – one with the mean BMI within the Overweight–Obese classification (≥85th percentile) and the other within the healthy weight classification (5th– 84th percentile). Two clusters of physical and sedentary behaviours were identified in adolescents with the Overweight–Obese BMI trajectory. These clusters differed in the type of sedentary behaviour (computer vs. television/video). Three clusters were identified in adolescents with the Healthy Weight BMI trajectory. These clusters differed in levels of physical activity and types of sedentary behaviour.ConclusionThis study contributes to the understanding of multi‐dimensional obesogenic behavioural patterns and highlights the importance of understanding types of sedentary behaviour in adolescents.
Zählen, Sortieren und Charakterisieren
Authors: Alebrand Sabine , Drese Klaus , Baßler Michael , Schönfeld Friedhelm 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDer Segré‐Silberberg‐Effekt beschreibt die laterale Anordnung von Partikeln in laminaren Kanalströmungen. Besonders interessant ist seine Nutzung in mikrofluidischen Kanälen, die entscheidend für die Funktionen eines Lab‐on‐a‐Chip sind. In solchen Kanälen bestimmt dieser Effekt die Positionen von Partikeln sowie ihre Geschwindigkeiten, die man mit einer am Fraunhofer ICT‐IMM entwickelten Methode sehr genau untersuchen kann. Da die Transportgeschwindigkeit von der Größe der Partikel abhängt, kann die Messmethode umgekehrt auch unbekannte Partikelgrößen bestimmen. Mit Hilfe numerischer Simulationen lassen sich die Messergebnisse reproduzieren. Damit kann man zudem die gemessenen Geschwindigkeiten mit den wirkenden Kräften sowie der Position im Strömungsprofil korrelieren.
A functional NMR for membrane proteins: dynamics, ligand binding, and allosteric modulation
Authors: Oxenoid Kirill , Chou James J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBy nature of conducting ions, transporting substrates and transducing signals, membrane channels, transporters and receptors are expected to exhibit intrinsic conformational dynamics. It is therefore of great interest and importance to understand the various properties of conformational dynamics acquired by these proteins, for example, the relative population of states, exchange rate, conformations of multiple states, and how small molecule ligands modulate the conformational exchange. Because small molecule binding to membrane proteins can be weak and/or dynamic, structural characterization of these effects is very challenging. This review describes several NMR studies of membrane protein dynamics, ligand‐induced conformational rearrangements, and the effect of ligand binding on the equilibrium of conformational exchange. The functional significance of the observed phenomena is discussed.
Is lipid correction necessary in the stable isotope analysis of fish tissues?
Authors: Skinner Megan M. , Martin Amy A. , Moore Barry C. 
Published: March 2016

RationaleStable isotope analysis (SIA) is a powerful tool for examining diet and food‐web dynamics. SIA assumes “you are what you eat” relative to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). However, fractionation of carbon during lipid synthesis violates this assumption; high‐lipid tissues do not reflect δ13C values of diet and therefore have the potential to skew mixing model results and diet interpretations, making corrections necessary.MethodsBrook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) white muscle and liver samples from several fish species representing the temperate North American cold‐ and warm‐water fish community were corrected for lipids via chemical lipid extraction and mathematical lipid normalization. To assess the accuracy of model‐predicted lipid‐free δ13C values calculated from four normalization models, we compared model‐predicted values with those measured after lipid extraction.ResultsWe found that chemical lipid extraction is unnecessary for Brook Trout white muscle tissue with low initial lipid content. However, in tissues with C:N ratios greater than 3.5, lipid extraction increased δ13C values in fish liver by more than 1.0 ‰, indicating that liver lipid content is sufficient to bias δ13C values. We also found that lipids were accurately accounted for with mathematical normalization and recommend that tissues with C:N ratios greater than 3.5 be corrected mathematically.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that mathematical normalization is sufficient to account for bias in δ13C values associated with lipid content in fish tissues when C:N ratios are above 3.5. C:N ratios below 3.5 indicate that tissues have insufficient levels of lipid to bias the δ13C values. Generally, these findings support the use of more timely and cost‐effective processing and analysis methods in future aquatic food‐web studies utilizing SIA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved analysis of micro‐ and nanomole‐scale sulfur multi‐isotope compositions by gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Au Yang David , Landais Guillaume , Assayag Nelly , Widory David , Cartigny Pierre 
Published: March 2016

RationaleMultiple sulfur isotope compositions are usually measured on relatively large samples (in the range of micromoles); however, sometimes only small amounts are available and thus it is necessary to analyze small (sub‐micromole) samples. We report an improved method to measure multiple sulfur isotope compositions: δ33S, δ34S and δ36S values on the SF6 molecule (m/z 127, 128, 129, 131) for quantities down to 0.1 micromole, and δ33S and δ34S values for quantities down to 20 nanomoles.MethodsMultiple sulfur isotope analyses including fluorination and purification of two international Ag2S standards, IAEA‐S1 and IAEA‐S3, were carried out at various low concentrations on a dual‐inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometer using a microvolume and modified resistor capacities.ResultsThe analyses yielded a narrow range of δ34S values vs CDT (the international standard), with an overall standard deviation of ±0.2 ‰, which was within the range of certified values. This demonstrates the feasibility of determining both Δ33S and Δ36S values on the sub‐micromole scale, and Δ33S values on the nanomole scale with similar accuracy to conventional dual‐inlet analyses.ConclusionsThe analysis of the three S‐isotope ratios on the SF6 molecule using the so‐called conventional fluorination method and dual‐inlet ion ratio mass spectrometry is reliable for sample sizes down to ~20 nanomoles. Despite being close to the theoretical limits for maintaining the viscous flow regime of gas in the capillary, errors were not limited by counting statistics, but probably relate to sample gas purification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased susceptibility to metabolic dysregulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease is associated with impaired hypothalamic insulin signaling and elevated BCAA levels
Authors: Ruiz Henry H. , Chi Tiffany , Shin Andrew C. , Lindtner Claudia , Hsieh Wilson , Ehrlich Michelle , Gandy Sam , Buettner Christoph 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionEpidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between diabetes and dementia. Insulin signaling within the brain, in particular within the hypothalamus regulates carbohydrate, lipid, and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in peripheral organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. We hypothesized that cerebral amyloidosis impairs central nervous system control of metabolism through disruption of insulin signaling in the hypothalamus, which dysregulates glucose and BCAA homeostasis resulting in increased susceptibility to diabetes.MethodsWe examined whether APP/PS1 mice exhibit increased susceptibility to aging or high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced metabolic impairment using metabolic phenotyping and insulin‐signaling studies.ResultsAPP/PS1 mice were more susceptible to high‐fat feeding and aging‐induced metabolic dysregulation including disrupted BCAA homeostasis and exhibited impaired hypothalamic insulin signaling.DiscussionOur data suggest that AD pathology increases susceptibility to diabetes due to impaired hypothalamic insulin signaling, and that plasma BCAA levels could serve as a biomarker of hypothalamic insulin action in patients with AD.
Viewing usage of counterfeit luxury goods: Social identity and social hierarchy effects on dilution and enhancement of genuine luxury brands
Authors: Amaral Nelson B. , Loken Barbara 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe use of counterfeit versions of luxury brands is a growing phenomenon. Viewing their use by others may lead consumers to change their perceptions of the genuine brand. In several experiments, female participants viewed (or imagined) a female of varying social classes using a counterfeit or genuine product and were subsequently asked about the genuine luxury brand. While people were drawn toward the genuine brand more when in‐groups than out‐groups used counterfeits, asymmetries occurred. Higher classes denigrated the brand when lower (versus higher) classes used counterfeit brands, but lower classes did not denigrate when higher classes used them. A conceptual account, based on asymmetries of social hierarchies and greater uncertainty of counterfeit (than genuine) product benefits, was supported, with feelings of connection to the luxury brand as mediator. Asymmetric effects were reduced among consumers highly familiar with the genuine brand. Implications for marketing and protection from brand dilution are discussed.
Altered Appetitive Conditioning and Neural Connectivity in Subjects with Compulsive Sexual Behavior
Authors: Klucken Tim , Wehrum-Osinsky Sina , Schweckendiek Jan , Kruse Onno , Stark Rudolf 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There has been growing interest in a better understanding of the etiology of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB). It is assumed that facilitated appetitive conditioning might be an important mechanism for the development and maintenance of CSB, but no study thus far has investigated these processes.

Aim
To explore group differences in neural activity associated with appetitive conditioning and connectivity in subjects with CSB and a healthy control group.

Methods
Two groups (20 subjects with CSB and 20 controls) were exposed to an appetitive conditioning paradigm during a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, in which a neutral stimulus (CS+) predicted visual sexual stimuli and a second stimulus (CS-) did not.

Main Outcome Measures
Blood oxygen level-dependent responses and psychophysiologic interaction.

Results
As a main result, we found increased amygdala activity during appetitive conditioning for the CS+ vs the CS- and decreased coupling between the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex in the CSB vs control group.

Conclusion
The findings show that neural correlates of appetitive conditioning and neural connectivity are altered in patients with CSB. The increased amygdala activation might reflect facilitated conditioning processes in patients with CSB. In addition, the observed decreased coupling could be interpreted as a marker for impaired emotion regulation success in this group.
Sexual Behaviors of U.S. Men by Self-Identified Sexual Orientation: Results From the 2012 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior
Authors: Dodge Brian , Herbenick Debby , Fu Tsung-Chieh (Jane) , Schick Vanessa , Reece Michael , Sanders Stephanie , Fortenberry J. Dennis 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although a large body of previous research has examined sexual behavior and its relation to risk in men of diverse sexual identities, most studies have relied on convenience sampling. As such, the vast majority of research on the sexual behaviors of gay and bisexual men, in particular, might not be generalizable to the general population of these men in the United States. This is of particular concern because many studies are based on samples of men recruited from relatively “high-risk” venues and environments.

Aims
To provide nationally representative baseline rates for sexual behavior in heterosexual, gay, and bisexual men in the United States and compare findings on sexual behaviors, relationships, and other variables across subgroups.

Methods
Data were obtained from the 2012 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, which involved the administration of an online questionnaire to a nationally representative probability sample of women and men at least 18 years old in the United States, with oversampling of self-identified gay and bisexual men and women. Results from the male participants are included in this article.

Main Outcome Measures
Measurements include demographic characteristics, particularly sexual identity, and their relations to diverse sexual behaviors, including masturbation, mutual masturbation, oral sex, vaginal sex, and anal sex. Behaviors with male and female partners were examined.

Results
Men of all self-identified sexual identities reported engaging in a range of sexual behaviors (solo and partnered). As in previous studies, sexual identity was not always congruent for gender of lifetime and recent sexual partners.

Conclusion
Patterns of sexual behaviors and relationships vary among heterosexual, gay, and bisexual men. Several demographic characteristics, including age, were related to men's sexual behaviors. The results from this probability study highlight the diversity in men's sexual behaviors across sexual identities, and these data allow generalizability to the broader population of gay and bisexual men, in particular, in the United States, which is a major advancement in research focused on individuals in a sexual minority.
Simplified Interpretation of the Erectile Function Domain of the International Index of Erectile Function
Authors: Cappelleri Joseph C. , Tseng Li-Jung , Luo Xuemei , Stecher Vera , Lue Tom F. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This report describes a post hoc analysis of data from a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose, sildenafil trial in men with erectile dysfunction.

Aims
To simplify interpretation of erectile function (EF) domain scores of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF).

Methods
Men at least 18 years old with erectile dysfunction were randomized to receive sildenafil or placebo for 12 weeks. Men taking nitrates or nitric oxide donors were excluded. Responses for each IIEF EF domain question (questions 1–5 and 15) were combined into two broad categories (“success” for responses of the two most favorable categories of a question and “no success” for other responses). Each question was expressed in a logistic regression model (sildenafil and placebo groups combined) as a function of overall EF domain score.

Main Outcome Measures
IIEF EF domain score and items.

Results
A four-point increase in the IIEF EF domain score was associated with an odds ratio of success of 6.1 for getting an erection, 29.2 for having a firm erection, 10.0 for able to penetrate,12.8 for maintaining erection, 4.0 for maintaining erection to completion, and 3.7 for erection confidence. An EF domain score of 22 was associated with a probability of success of 81% for getting an erection, 86% for having a firm erection, 89% for able to penetrate, 67% for maintaining an erection, 70% for maintaining an erection to completion, and 32% for erection confidence. For an EF domain score of 16, the corresponding probabilities of success were 22%, 4%, 20%, 4%, 22%, and 6%, respectively.

Conclusion
These results provide stakeholders with a simplified and meaningful interpretation of IIEF EF domain scores based on six key aspects of EF.
Amplification of WHSC1L1 regulates expression and estrogen‐independent activation of ERα in SUM‐44 breast cancer cells and is associated with ERα over‐expression in breast cancer
Authors: Irish Jonathan C. , Mills Jamie N. , Turner-Ivey Brittany , Wilson Robert C. , Guest Stephen T. , Rutkovsky Alexandria , Dombkowski Alan , Kappler Christiana S. , Hardiman Gary , Ethier Stephen P. 
Published: February 2016

The 8p11‐p12 amplicon occurs in approximately 15% of breast cancers in aggressive luminal B‐type tumors. Previously, we identified WHSC1L1 as a driving oncogene from this region. Here, we demonstrate that over‐expression of WHSC1L1 is linked to over‐expression of ERα in SUM‐44 breast cancer cells and in primary human breast cancers. Knock‐down of WHSC1L1, particularly WHSC1L1‐short, had a dramatic effect on ESR1 mRNA and ERα protein levels. SUM‐44 cells do not require exogenous estrogen for growth in vitro; however, they are dependent on ERα expression, as ESR1 knock‐down or exposure to the selective estrogen receptor degrader fulvestrant resulted in growth inhibition. ChIP‐Seq experiments utilizing ERα antibodies demonstrated extensive ERα binding to chromatin in SUM‐44 cells under estrogen‐free conditions. ERα bound to ERE and FOXA1 motifs under estrogen‐free conditions and regulated expression of estrogen‐responsive genes. Short‐term treatment with estradiol enhanced binding of ERα to chromatin and influenced expression of many of the same genes to which ERα was bound under estrogen‐free conditions. Finally, knock‐down of WHSC1L1 in SUM‐44 cells resulted in loss of ERα binding to chromatin under estrogen‐free conditions, which was restored upon exposure to estradiol. These results indicate the SUM‐44 cells are a good model of a subset of luminal B breast cancers that have the 8p11‐p12 amplicon, over‐express WHSC1L1, and over‐express ERα, but are independent of estrogen for binding to chromatin and regulation of gene expression. Breast cancers such as these, that are dependent on ERα activity but independent of estradiol, are a major cause of breast cancer mortality.
Modelo de gestión del aprendizaje en ciencias básicas médicas: un corte transversal
Authors: Cano Molano Luz Marina , Teherán Valderrama Aníbal Alfonso 
Published: February 2016

Introducción: Los modelos educativos en medicina persisten con entornos pasivos del aprendizaje y es necesario integrar estrategias que permitan la construcción del aprendizaje para la vida.

Objetivo: Se evaluó la efectividad de la aplicación de un modelo de gestión del aprendizaje (MGA) entre estudiantes de medicina que cursan asignaturas de ciencias básicas; se determinó su impacto entre 2 periodos académicos y se identificaron los factores relacionados con el desempeño académico de cada asignatura.

Método: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal a partir de la exposición, se utilizaron los registros de calificaciones de estudiantes de tercer y cuarto semestre de morfofisiología, farmacología y razonamiento básico estructural (RBE) del periodo 2014-2015; se evaluó el desempeño académico posterior a una exposición 12 meses del MGA; se determinó la diferencia de medias del promedio académico, en cada una de las asignaturas, según núcleo temático (nt) y periodo académico, y se implementó un modelo lineal univariante y se identificaron los factores relacionados con el desempeño académico en cada asignatura.

Resultados: Se identificaron 1.496 estudiantes con media (DE) de edad 20 (3) años, la mayoría mujeres (71%); el 40% cursaron el ntl , 30% nt2 y 30% nt3; se evidenciaron diferencias positivas en las medias de desempeño académico entre los periodos 2014-2 y 2014-1 en los 3 núcleos temáticos de farmacología y razonamiento básico estructural; no se identificaron cambios en morfofisiología. Se identificó relación entre los antecedentes de formación del docente y del estudiante con el desempeño académico y el tiempo de exposición al MGA.

Conclusión: La aplicación del MGA demostró un aumento en las habilidades de RBE, farmacología y una curva estática en morfofisiología. La formación del docente y los antecedentes de formación del estudiante están relacionados con el desempeño académico; es necesario evaluar el impacto del modelo en el área clínica.