bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudio bioeconómico para el negocio de producción y semi-industrialización de conejo en Costa Rica
Authors: Mora Valverde David , Solano Mesén Marian 
Published: April 2016

Se desarrolló un proyecto piloto cunícola en la provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica, el cual tuvo como objetivo evaluar la viabilidad técnica, financiera y el análisis de riesgo para el establecimiento de un sistema de producción intensiva de engorde de conejos, en dos escenarios: A) Producción + venta de animal vivo a planta de procesamiento y B) Producción + procesamiento + Venta directa de carne empacada. Para la implementación de una unidad cunícola con base en 40 conejas reproductoras los resultados indicaron que el escenario A requiere una inversión estimada en ₡3.580.000. El costo de producción promedio por kilogramo de animal en pie resultaría de ₡1.450 (rango de precio de venta entre ₡1300 y ₡1600 por kg). Se obtuvo un valor actual neto (VAN) de ₡1.136.000, con un periodo de vida útil del mismo estimado en diez años, un valor de Tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 48,8% y una rentabilidad media del 11,2%. Para el escenario B se requiere una inversión estimada en ₡5.080.000. El costo de producción promedio por kilogramo de animal en canal (con costos de procesamiento adicionados) fue estimado en ₡3.760 (rango de precio de venta promedio ₡3100 a ₡4000 por kg). Se obtuvo un valor actual neto (VAN) de ₡10.237.000 y un TIR promedio de 56,4% con un periodo de vida útil del mismo estimado en diez años y una rentabilidad media obtenida de proyecto de 45%. Es necesario que el emprendedor en producción cunícola realice un esfuerzo previo y permanente de ventas que le permita maximizar la adición de valor agregado a sus productos por procesamiento con el fin de ver resultados en esta actividad, ya que de otra manera los ingresos no resultan significativos.
Der katholische Glaubensbegriff und Toleranz. Inspirationen von Paweł Włodkowic
Authors: Zyzak Wojciech 
Published: April 2016

Paweł Włodkowic – Latin Paulus Vladimiri (1370-1435): Catholic priest, scholar, jurist, religious and political writer, rector of the Jagiellonian University, defender of Polish interests in disputes with Knights of the Teutonic Order. Paweł Włodkowic was an early teacher of the idea of tolerance, who during the Council of Constance stated that pagan nations have the right to maintain their religious beliefs. Based on the major theological authority of that time, i.e. Saint Thomas Aquinas, Włodkowic could, in the very concept of faith in the Catholic Church, see the most important elements requiring tolerance. The point is, above all, that faith must be an act of human freedom, that it is God’s grace and that it is closely related to reason. These elements have been commented on by authorities such as Edith Stein and Joseph Ratzinger.
Der Tod des Papstes Johannes Paul II. – ein wissenschaftlicher Vergleich von journalistischen Reaktionen auf den Tod des Papstes in Deutschland und in Polen
Authors: Nadskakuła‑Kaczmarczyk Olga 
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to present the reactions of the Polish and German press to the death of Pope John Paul II, compare and analyze them. This approach allows to understand the differences between Polish and German perception of religion, particularly Christianity and the Catholic Church. Poland and Germany have different religious traditions, a different relationship to the church and to church dogma, rituals and piety. This may be observed as the different ways of looking at the death of Pope John Paul II in Polish and German newspapers.Probably these perceptual differences ensued from the paternal figure of the John Paul II and special emotional Polish attitude to the deceased Polish Pope.
Vi sono ragioni della libertà note al cuore e all’intelletto: il triplo sguardo sulla libertà espresso nei "Ritiri spirituali di Parigi" di Józef Tischner
Authors: Mizdrak Inga 
Published: April 2016

In its analysis of human freedom, Józef Tischner’s philosophy poses fundamental questions about the essence of freedom, but also about the sense of preservation of freedom in one’s life. Freedom appears as a primary phenomenon, something that is part and parcel of human nature. Freedom as a structural element of human existence manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the sphere of human relations, which, immersed as they are in the eternal drama of good and evil, are played out in the space between salvation and damnation. The binary character of values, best seen in our use of freedom, keeps us for ever mindful of that unavoidable drama a man has to face, owing to his freedom, need not be helpless.Using such categories as election, space and health of the soul in his Rekolekcje Paryskie, Tischner approaches the definition of freedom through a succession of essential modifications which articulate some fundamental points concerning relations between people and man’s relations with God from an anthropological, axiological, ethical, social and theological perspective. Tischner proposes no definitive interpretation of freedom but, viewing the controversy over freedom as one of the most difficult problems in the philosophy of man, he tries to show what man’s inner freedom consists in and what achievements it makes man capable of.
The Christian Understanding of Happiness
Authors: Zwoliński Andrzej 
Published: April 2016

The relationship with God allows man to find the sense of life. Christianity is a humanism – it positions man in the very centre of the world according him the highest place – of the being created after God’s image. The revelation of God’s Love endows man with a new way of enriching himself and others. Thus the desire for happiness gains a new perspective of the divine longing for good.Happiness which Christ promises exceeds the limits of our imagination. It is incon­ceivable and incomprehensible to those living on earth. Heaven is beyond every word, beyond our conception for it bears the meaning which man cannot fully understand. It is the most supreme happiness, absolutely perfect and complete which no one has ever known.A Christian has to achieve in his life something more than the worldly aims. Whoever limits their life to the earth, focuses only on enjoying and using this life to the full; squeezing from it the last drop heedless of the needs of others.
Das christliche Leben als ein Weg – Elemente der Wallfahrtstheologie
Authors: Ostrowski Maciej 
Published: April 2016

The Author presents some Biblical texts on symbolic meaning of a way. In theological meaning a way is a symbol of moving forward, developing, growing in the Christian faith, hope, love and wisdom. Progress in the development of sainthood of a person is of a great significance. In this context, the author refers to pilgrimage which is a symbol of the entire Christian life being approaching God. It covers many religious practices, which help to renew the Christian life, develop faith and love.
GOOD COPS? BAD COPS? Assessing the South African Police Service
Authors: Bruce David 
Published: April 2016

The South African Police Service is often a target of criticism, more often than not stemming from heightened public emotions regarding the high levels of crime in South Africa. Using the concept of democratic policing as its basis, a recent assessment attempts to evaluate the SAPS against a set of 39 measures. Providing an organisation-wide view of the SAPS, the assessment highlights both positive and negative aspects of the SAPS, and provides a detailed set of recommendations. The assessment is intended to support democratic oversight of the police by directing attention towards the main issues that should be addressed by oversight bodies.
Spare the rod and save the child: Assessing the impact of parenting on child behaviour and mental health
Authors: Ward Catherine L , Gould Chandré , Kelly Jane , Mauff Katya 
Published: April 2016

Parenting has a considerable impact on children’s behaviour and mental health. Improving child health and behaviour requires an understanding of the relationship between parenting practices; contexual factors such asparental mental health, intimate partner violence, substance abuse and poverty; and children’s behaviour. In this article the authors report the findings of a survey of parenting and child behaviour in a small rural South Africancommunity. The findings show that corporal punishment, the stress of parenting and parental mental health are significantly associated with both children’s internalising (depression and anxiety) and externalising (rulebreakingand aggression) symptoms. Intimate partner violence in the home was also associated with children’s externalising symptoms. These findings imply that parent support and training, and an increase in services to address intimate partner violence and mental health problems, should be prioritised as part of a nationalviolence reduction strategy.
As noções de gestos e de agir didático para a formação de professores de línguas: interfaces do trabalho docente
Authors: Messias Carla , Dolz Joaquim 
Published: April 2016

<p>Neste artigo, discutiremos as noções de gestos fundamentais e de agir didático de professores de língua portuguesa do ensino fundamental. A identificação dos gestos e do agir didático nas atuações dos professores podem servir para uma melhor compreensão do trabalho docente. A focalização que fazemos neste artigo se dá em relação às intervenções do professor em sala de aula, especificamente no que tange ao desenvolvimento de um objeto de ensino relativamente às aprendizagens dos alunos. Para discutir esses dois conceitos, pautamo-nos nos campos teóricos relacionados às ciências do trabalho, à Linguística Aplicada e à Didática das Línguas. Metodologicamente, discutimos os procedimentos realizados em duas pesquisas sobre três objetos de ensino diferentes: subordinada relativa, texto argumentativo e a leitura de textos narrativos.A identificação dos gestos e do agir didático na atuação dos professores sobre esses objetos visaa aprendizagens específicas gramaticais, discursivas e leitoras dos alunos. Nossos resultados mostram que as noções de agir e de gesto didático podem contribuir para uma maior compreensão do trabalho do docente. Elas podem também ser usadas pelos professores a fim de melhorar suas formas de atuação em sala de aula. </p>
There Is No Cure for Existence: On the Medicalization of Psychological Distress
Authors: Albarracin Dolores , Ducousso-Lacaze Alain , Cohen David , Gonon François , Keller Pascal-Henri , Minard Michel 
Published: April 2016

The current model of biological psychiatry assumes that mental suffering results from cerebral/neuronal disturbances yet to be identified. Under this model, the lowering of diagnostic thresholds or the invention of new disorders are surprising given that there have been no major etiological findings for decades. No clinical or epidemiological research demonstrates biological causes for problems defined as mental disorders, no more than research validates the numerous categories that supposedly describe them.The diagnostic spiral leads to the increasing prescription of drugs, sometimes for life, even if they have not been shown to have any substantial positive effect on any measure of “morbidity” for mental disorders. Today, the lives of children and adults are punctuated by the consumption of psychotropic drugs prescribed by physicians who are pushed to diagnose, treat, and control their symptoms.We aimed at showing that, despite these inarguable failures, the scientific and media discourse gives the public a warped view of reality where progress in biological psychiatric research is unceasing. Therefore we call for a paradigm shift in mental health: critical thinking, openness of mind, and analysis of the scientific and institutional discourse must be encouraged among all practitioners because their ethical commitment to their patients demands it.
Portuguese Consensus on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Anaemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Magro Fernando , Ramos Jaime , Correia Luís , Lago Paula , Peixe Paula , Gonçalves Ana Rita , Rodrigues Ângela , Vieira Catarina , Ferreira Daniela , Silva João Pereira , Túlio Maria Ana , Salgueiro Paulo , Fernandes Samuel 
Published: April 2016

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Anaemia can be considered the most common extra-intestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease. Nevertheless, anaemia is often under-diagnosed and under-treated both in adults and children with inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, we report the consensus statements on the management of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease developed by the Portuguese Working Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (known as Grupo de Estudo da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal - GEDII) to aid clinicians in daily management of inflammatory bowel disease patients.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A comprehensive literature review was conducted in order to prepare consensus statements on the following topics: (1) prevalence and diagnosis of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease, (2) iron supplementation for the prevention of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease and (3) treatment of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease. The final statements for each topic were discussed at a consensus meeting and rated according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence. <br /><strong>Consensus:</strong> It was concluded that anaemia has a high incidence and prevalence in inflammatory bowel disease, particularly in those with active disease and hospitalised. Patients with anaemia had decreased quality of life and frequently complained of fatigue. Absolute indications for intravenous therapy should be considered: (1) moderate to severe anaemia (haemoglobin &lt; 10.5 g/dL) or clearly symptomatic anaemia; (2) previous intolerance to oral iron supplements; (3) inappropriate response to oral iron; (4) active severe intestinal disease; (5) need for a quick therapeutic response (e.g. surgery in the short term); (6) concomitant therapy with erythropoiesis-stimulating agent; and (7) patient’s preference.</p><p> </p>
HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex With Men, Women Who Have Sex With Women, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Populations in South Africa: A Mini-Review
Authors: Evans Meredith G. B. , Cloete Allanise , Zungu Nompumelelo , Simbayi Leickness C. 
Published: April 2016

Background:The HIV epidemic in South Africa is characterized mainly by heterosexual transmission. Recently, the importance of targeting key populations and marginalized groups, including men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people, has been added to the national agenda.Objectives:This mini-review explores the current state of empirical research on HIV risk and MSM, women who have sex with women (WSW), lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) populations in South Africa in order to assess the current state of research and identify gaps in the literature.Method:Peer-reviewed empirical social and behavioral articles on HIV prevalence and risk focusing on MSM, WSW, and LGBT populations published since 2006 were included in this mini-review.Results:In total 35 articles were included: 30 on MSM, gay, and/or bisexual male-identified populations, three on WSW, lesbian, and/or bisexual female-identified populations, two on LGB youth, and none on transgender populations.Conclusion:Despite South Africa being the country with the largest number of people living with HIV in the world, there is a limited amount of research in South Africa on HIV and non-normative gender identities and sexualities, especially WSW, lesbian, and/or bisexual female-identified populations, transgender populations, and LGB youth. Research with MSM, WSW, and LGBT populations should be prioritized in South Africa in order to appropriately inform HIV prevention strategies that meet the specific needs of these marginalized groups.
Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of ESRD in Adults with CKD
Authors: Bansal Nisha , Xie Dawei , Tao Kelvin , Chen Jing , Deo Rajat , Horwitz Edward , Hsu Chi-yuan , Kallem Radha Krishna , Keane Martin G. , Lora Claudia M. , Raj Dominic , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Strauss Louise , Wolf Myles , Go Alan S. ,   for the CRIC Study
Published: April 2016

Background and objectives
Atrial fibrillation frequently complicates CKD and is associated with adverse outcomes. Progression to ESRD is a major complication of CKD, but the link with atrial fibrillation has not been fully delineated. In this study, we examined the association of incident atrial fibrillation with the risk of ESRD in patients with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We studied participants in the prospective Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study without atrial fibrillation at entry. Incident atrial fibrillation was identified by study visit ECGs, self-report, and hospital discharge diagnostic codes, with confirmation by physician adjudication. ESRD through 2012 was ascertained by participant self-report, medical records, and linkage to the US Renal Data System. Data on potential confounders were obtained from self-report, study visits, and laboratory tests. Marginal structural models were used to study the potential association of incident atrial fibrillation with risk of ESRD after adjustment for time-dependent confounding.

Results
Among 3091 participants, 172 (5.6%) developed incident atrial fibrillation during follow-up. During mean follow-up of 5.9 years, 43 patients had ESRD that occurred after development of incident atrial fibrillation (11.8/100 person-years) compared with 581 patients without incident atrial fibrillation (3.4/100 person-years). In marginal structural models with inverse probability weighting, incident atrial fibrillation was associated with a substantially higher rate of ESRD (hazard ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 5.2). This association was consistent across important subgroups by age, sex, race, diabetes status, and baseline eGFR.

Conclusions
Incident atrial fibrillation was associated with higher risk of developing ESRD in CKD. Additional study is needed to identify potentially modifiable pathways through which atrial fibrillation was associated with a higher risk of progression to ESRD. More aggressive monitoring and treatment of patients with CKD and atrial fibrillation may improve outcomes in this high-risk population.
Hardening Distortions Related to Segregations in Crown Wheels
Authors: Olofsson A. , Jonsson S. , Brash B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe back-face tilt of press-hardened crown wheels is investigated for continuous and ingot cast material. Two different geometries are studied, one with a flat back-face and one with a step. For two ingots, the original material position is tracked and coupled to back-face tilt, cross section hardness and chemical segregation. The chemical gradients are shifted from top to bottom of the ingot and are strongly coupled to the back-face tilt.
Are evoked potentials clinically useful in the study of patients with Chiari malformation Type 1?
Authors: Moncho Dulce , Poca Maria A. , Minoves Teresa , Ferré Alejandro , Cañas Victoria , Sahuquillo Juan 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
In this study, the authors describe the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) alterations found in a large cohort of patients with Chiari malformation Type 1 (CM-1), the relationship between the BAEPs/SSEPs and the clinical findings, the abnormalities in patients with associated syringomyelia, and the clinical and neuroradiological risk factors that are associated with abnormal evoked potentials (EPs).

METHODS
A prospectively collected database containing 545 patients with CM-1 was queried to search for patients satisfying the following criteria: 1) an age of at least 14 years, 2) neuroradiological criteria of CM-1, 3) no prior Chiari-related surgeries, and 4) preoperative EP studies conducted at the authors' institution. The 200 patients included in this cohort were classified into CM-0, CM-1, and CM-1.5 subtypes. Linear, planimetric, and angular measurements of the posterior fossa were conducted, as well as syringomyelia measurements. Two separate multiple logistic regression models were used, one to predict the covariates associated with abnormal BAEPs, and a second model to explore the variables associated with an abnormal SSEP. In these models, the BAEPs and SSEPs were dichotomized as being normal or abnormal.

RESULTS
Headaches were the main symptom in 70.5% of the patients, and Valsalva-induced headaches were most frequent in patients with CM-1 and CM-1.5 compared with patients with CM-0 (p = 0.031). BAEPs were abnormal in 38.5% of patients, and abnormal SSEPs were found in 43.5% of the entire cohort. Syringomyelia was most frequent in patients with CM-0 (64.3%) and CM-1 (51.1%) compared with those with CM-1.5 (34.7%; p = 0.03). Age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06), the degree of tonsillar herniation (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16), and lower cranial nerve dysfunction (OR 3.99, 95% CI 1.29–14.01) had a statistically significant correlation with abnormal BAEPs. Only age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10) and the degree of tonsillar herniation (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.19) had a statistically significant correlation with abnormal SSEPs.

CONCLUSIONS
A high percentage of patients with CM-1 exhibited EP alterations regardless of their clinical or radiological findings. These findings suggest that EPs do not add any clinically relevant information nor are they helpful in establishing which symptomatic patients with CM should undergo surgical treatment. However, BAEP and SSEP studies clearly play an important role in incidentally detected patients with CM and may help to establish objective evidence of subclinical dysfunctions. In addition, neurophysiological studies may help to define subgroups of patients who require further testing and follow-up to personalize strategies for the management of incidental and oligosymptomatic patients.
Factors predicting contralateral hematoma growth after unilateral drainage of bilateral chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Fujitani Shigeta , Ishikawa Osamu , Miura Keisuke , Takeda Yasuhiro , Goto Haruo , Maeda Keiichiro 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common form of intracranial hemorrhage with a recurrence rate of 9.2%–26.5% after bur hole surgery. Occasionally patients with bilateral CSDH undergo unilateral surgery because the contralateral hematoma is deemed to be asymptomatic, and in some of these patients the contralateral hematoma may subsequently enlarge, requiring additional surgery. The authors investigated the factors related to the growth of these hematomas.

METHODS
Ninety-three patients with bilateral CSDH who underwent unilateral bur hole surgery at Aizu Chuo Hospital were included in a retrospective analysis. Findings on preoperative MRI, preoperative thickness of the drained hematoma, and the influence of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs were considered and evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS
The overall growth rate was 19% (18 of 93 hematomas), and a significantly greater percentage of the hematomas that were iso- or hypointense on preoperative T1-weighted imaging showed growth compared with other hematomas (35.4% vs 2.3%, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that findings on preoperative T1-weighted MRI were the sole significant predictor of hematoma growth, and other factors such as antiplatelet or anticoagulant drug use, patient age, patient sex, thickness of the treated hematoma, and T2-weighted MRI findings were not significantly related to hematoma growth. The adjusted odds ratio for hematoma growth in the T1 isointense/hypointense group relative to the T1 hyperintense group was 25.12 (95% CI 3.89–51.58, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
The findings of preoperative MRI, namely T1-weighted sequences, may be useful in predicting the growth of hematomas that did not undergo bur hole surgery in patients with bilateral CSDH.