bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Dysphagia Treatment: Adoption, Perceived Barriers, and Clinical Practices
Authors: Ebdah Soud , Searl Jeff 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
This study aims to learn about the global adoption of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in managing dysphagia, identify the barriers to its adoption, and describe the existing clinical practices.

Method:
A total of 171 professionals from various international backgrounds initiated a specially developed online survey, and 122 responses were included in the final analysis. The survey consisted of 44 items related to NMES usage, perceived adoption barriers of NMES in dysphagia management, and clinical practices. The data were subjected to descriptive and correlational statistical analysis.

Results:
NMES is adopted by 50% of the participants' workplaces when considering responses globally and 42.7% in the United States. Most respondents reported both high self-assessed knowledge level and high interest in learning about NMES. Among the 21 posed barriers to NMES adoption, 19 were agreed upon by over 50% of participants, with the most reported being insufficient academic coverage, lack of expert endorsement, and heterogeneity in stimulation parameters. There was considerable diversity in the clinical application of NMES, particularly regarding the duration, frequency, and total number of sessions typically completed when using NMES.

Conclusions:
NMES is adopted by half of the facilities and utilized by one third of dysphagia practitioners among the international respondents to this survey. The high interest expressed in NMES parallels the increasing volume of related research. Nonetheless, the widespread recognition of barriers and the substantial variability in clinical application underscore the need for international efforts to establish standardized protocols or guidelines, ensuring its effective and consistent use in clinical settings.
Higher Frequency of Stuttered Disfluencies Negatively Affects Communicative Participation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Gooch Eloïse , Melzer Tracy R. , Horne Kyla-Louise , Grenfell Sophie , Livingston Leslie , Pitcher Toni , Dalrymple-Alford John C. , Anderson Tim J. , McAuliffe Megan J. , Theys Catherine 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Up to 90% of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop communication difficulties over the course of the disease. While the negative effect of dysarthria on communicative participation has been well-documented, the impact of the occurrence of acquired stuttered disfluencies on communication in different speech situations is unknown. This study aimed to determine if the frequency of occurrence of stuttered disfluencies affects communicative participation in individuals with PD, and whether such a relationship is mediated by examiner- and self-rated measures of disease severity.

Method:
Conversational speech samples were collected from 100 people with PD aged 53–91 years to calculate the frequency of occurrence of stuttered disfluencies. Participants completed the Communicative Participation Item Bank to assess participation in communicative situations. Information on overall speech, cognitive, and motor performance was collected using both self-rated and examiner-rated methods.

Results:

Participants with PD presented with 0.2%–9.9% stuttered disfluencies during conversation. Overall, participants with PD reported their communicative participation to be impacted “a little” (19.5 ± 7.0), but there was considerable interindividual variation. A higher frequency of stuttered disfluencies was associated with significantly lower communicative participation (ρ = −0.32,
p
< .01). In addition, examiner-rated frequency of stuttered disfluencies (
p
< .01), speech (
p
< .01), and motor severity (
p
= .04) were all significant predictors of communicative participation. Using self-ratings, speech (
p
< .01) and cognitive (
p
< .01) measures significantly predicted communicative participation.

Conclusions:
In people with PD, communicative participation was significantly worse for those with a higher frequency of stuttered disfluencies. Examiner- and self-rated measures of disease severity contributed different information related to communicative constraints. Together, these results highlight the importance of individualized and holistic speech therapy that considers a wide variety of symptoms, including stuttered disfluencies, to ensure positive functional outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26850169
Emergence of high-mass stars in complex fiber networks (EMERGE)
Authors: Socci A. , Hacar A. , Bonanomi F. , Tafalla M. , Suri S. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Over the past decade,Herschelfar-infrared (FIR) observations have demonstrated the complex organisation characterising the interstellar medium as networks of parsec-scale filaments. At the same time, fiber networks have been found to aptly describe the gas structures in star-forming regions at sub-parsec scales.Aims. We aim to investigate the dense gas organisation prior to the formation of stars in a selected sample of regions within Orion.Methods. We surveyed seven prototypical star-forming regions in Orion as part of the EMERGE Early ALMA Survey. Our sample includes low- (OMC-4 South, NGC 2023), intermediate- (OMC-2, OMC-3, LDN 1641N), and high-mass (OMC-1, Flame Nebula) star-forming regions all surveyed at a high spatial resolution of 4.5″(or ∼2000 au) in N2H+(1-0). We used a dedicated series of ALMA+IRAM-30 m observations of this homogeneous sample to systematically investigate the spatial distribution, density, and thermal structure of the star-forming gas, along with its column density variations and its internal motions in a wide range of environments.Results. From the analysis of the gas kinematics, we identified and characterised a total of 152 velocity-coherent fibers. The statistical significance of our sample, the largest of its kind so far, highlights these small-scale filamentary sub-structures as the preferred organisational unit for the dense gas in low-, intermediate-, and high-mass star-forming regions alike. Despite the varied complexity of these sub-parsec networks (in terms of the surface density of their constituent fibers), the masses and lengths of these objects show similar distributions and consistent median values, as well as (trans-)sonic motions, for all of our targets. The comparison between the fiber line masses and virial line masses suggests that the majority of these objects are sub-virial. Those fibers closer to the virial condition, however, are also associated with a greater number of protostars. Finally, the surface density of fibers is linearly correlated with the total dense gas mass throughout by roughly one order of magnitude in terms of both of these parameters.Conclusions. While most fibers show comparable mass, length, and internal motions in our survey, massive fibers that are close to the virial condition are shown to be intimately connected to star formation. The majority of the protostars in our target regions are, in fact, associated with these objects. The additional correlation between the surface density of fibers and the dense gas mass in our survey demonstrates how the physical properties of fibers can explain the current degree of star formation in their host region. Our findings suggest a common mechanism for star formation from low- to high-mass star-forming regions, mediated through the formation and evolution of fiber networks.
Impact of assembly bias on clustering plus weak lensing cosmological analysis
Authors: Paviot R. , Rocher A. , Codis S. , de Mattia A. , Jullo E. , de la Torre S. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Empirical models of galaxy-halo connection such as the halo occupation distribution (HOD) model have been widely used over the past decades to intensively test perturbative models on quasi-linear scales. However, these models fail to reproduce the galaxygalaxy lensing signal on non-linear scales, over-predicting the observed signal by up to 40%.
Aims. With ongoing Stage-IV galaxy surveys such as DESI and Euclid that will measure cosmological parameters at sub-percent precision, it is now crucial to precisely model the galaxy-halo connection in order to accurately estimate the theoretical uncertainties of perturbative models.
Methods. This paper compares a standard HOD (based on halo mass only) to an extended HOD that incorporates as additional features galaxy assembly bias and local environmental dependencies on halo occupation. These models were calibrated against the observed clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing signal of eBOSS luminous red galaxies and emission line galaxies in the range 0.6 < z < 1.1. We performed a combined clustering-lensing cosmological analysis on the simulated galaxy samples of both HODs to quantify the systematic budget of perturbative models.
Results. By considering not only the mass of the dark matter halos but also these secondary properties, the extended HOD offers a more comprehensive understanding of the connection between galaxies and their surroundings. In particular, we found that the luminous red galaxies preferentially occupy denser and more anisotropic environments. Our results highlight the importance of considering environmental factors in empirical models with an extended HOD that reproduces the observed signal within 20% on scales below 10 h−1 Mpc. Our cosmological analysis reveals that our perturbative model yields similar constraints regardless of the galaxy population, with a better goodness of fit for the extended HOD. These results suggest that the extended HOD should be used to quantify modelling systematics. This extended framework should also prove useful for forward modelling techniques.
Disk mass after a binary neutron star merger as a constraining parameter for short gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Mpisketzis Vasilis , Nathanail Antonios 
Published: September 2024

Context. The coincident detection of GW170817 and gamma-ray burst GRB170817A marked a milestone for the connection between binary neutron star (BNS) mergers and short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs). These mergers can lead to the formation of a black hole that is surrounded by a disk and to the generation of a powerful jet. It spends energy to break free from the merger ejecta, and then a portion of it is dissipated to produce observable emissions.
Aims. Our primary goal is to enhance our comprehension of BNS mergers by constraining the disk mass for a selection of sGRBs. To do this, we used the isotropic gamma-ray luminosity and corresponding emission times as key indicators.
Methods. We leveraged data from GW170817 to estimate the disk mass surrounding the BNS merger remnant, and we subsequently inferred the efficiency of the accretion onto the jet. We then statistically examined other sGRB observations to estimate whether they might have been induced by BNS mergers
Results. Our findings suggest that when similar physical parameters are employed as in the only observed BNS-powered GRB event, GRB170817A, a substantial fraction of sGRBs would need an unrealistically massive disk remnant.
Conclusions. This observation raises the possibility that either a different mechanism powered those events or that the post-collapse disk efficiency varies significantly in different BNS merger scenarios.
Dynamical evolution of Milky Way globular clusters on the cosmological timescale
Authors: Ishchenko Maryna , Berczik Peter , Panamarev Taras , Kuvatova Dana , Kalambay Mukhagali , Gluchshenko Anton , Veles Oleksandr , Sobolenko Margaryta , Sobodar Olexander , Omarov Chingis 
Published: September 2024

Context. Based on the Gaia DR3, we reconstructed the orbital evolution of the known Milky Way globular clusters and found that six objects, NGC 6681, NGC 6981, Palomar 6, NGC 6642, HP 1, and NGC 1904, very likely interact closely with the nuclear star cluster.
Aims. We study the dynamical evolution of selected Milky Way globular clusters and their interactions with the Galactic centre over cosmological timescales. We examine the global dynamical mass loss of these globular cluster systems, their close interactions with the Galactic centre, and the potential capture of stars by the Milky Way nuclear star cluster.
Methods. For the dynamical modelling of the clusters, we used the parallel N-body code φ-GPU, which allows star-by-star simulations of the systems. Our current code also enabled us to follow the stellar evolution of individual particles, including the formation of high-mass remnants. The modelling was carried out in a Milky Way-like, time-variable potential (with a dynamically changing mass and scale length), obtained from the IllustrisTNG-100 database, with a full integration time of eight billion years.
Results. Based on extensive numerical modelling and analysis, we estimated the mass loss and the global and inner structures of the selected six clusters. Over an evolution of eight billion years, the clusters lost ≈80% of their initial mass. We analysed the phase-space evolution of the individual unbound stars NGC 6681, NGC 6642, HP 1, and NGC 1904. We found that only NGC 6642 could potentially have been a source for populating the Milky Way nuclear star cluster in the past.
Magnetic fields in the outskirts of PSZ2 G096.88+24.18 from a depolarization analysis of radio relics
Authors: De Rubeis E. , Stuardi C. , Bonafede A. , Vazza F. , van Weeren R. J. , de Gasperin F. , Brüggen M. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Radio relics are diffuse, non-thermal radio sources present in a number of merging galaxy clusters. They are characterized by elongated arc-like shapes and highly polarized emission (up to ∼60%) at gigahertz frequencies, and are expected to trace shock waves in the cluster outskirts induced by galaxy cluster mergers. Their polarized emission can be used to study the magnetic field properties of the host cluster.
Aims. In this paper, we investigate the polarization properties of the double radio relics in PSZ2 G096.88+24.18 using the rotation measure (RM) synthesis, and try to constrain the characteristics of the magnetic field that reproduce the observed depolarization as a function of resolution (beam depolarization). Our aim is to understand the nature of the low polarization fraction that characterizes the southern relic with respect to the northern relic.
Methods. We present new 1–2 GHz Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations in multiple configurations. We derived the RM and polarization of the two relics by applying the RM synthesis technique, and thus solved for bandwidth depolarization in the wide observing bandwidth. To study the effect of beam depolarization, we degraded the image resolution and studied the decreasing trend of polarization fraction with increasing beam size. Finally, we performed 3D magnetic field simulations using multiple models for the magnetic field power spectrum over a wide range of scales, in order to constrain the characteristics of the cluster magnetic field that can reproduce the observed beam depolarization trend.
Results. Using RM synthesis, we obtained a polarization fraction of (18.6 ± 0.3)% for the northern relic and (14.6 ± 0.1)% for the southern one. Having corrected for bandwidth depolarization, and after noticing the absence of relevant complex Faraday spectrum, we inferred that the nature of the depolarization for the southern relic is external, and possibly related to the turbulent gas distribution within the cluster, or to the complex spatial structure of the relic. The best-fit magnetic field power spectrum, which reproduces the observed depolarization trend for the southern relic, was obtained for a turbulent magnetic field model, described by a power spectrum derived from cosmological simulations, and defined within the scales of Λmin = 35 kpc and Λmax = 400 kpc. This yields an average magnetic field of the cluster within 1 Mpc3 volume of ∼2 μG.
Microvascular Decompression: An Effective Approach for Trigeminal Neuralgia Caused by a Dolichoectatic Basilar Artery after Multiple Treatment Failures
Authors: Chelmis Filippos , Pakataridis Paraskevas , Sorotou Iliana , Tzineris Anastasios , Ranguelov Christo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN), characterized by recurrent episodes of intense facial pain, poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. TN can be triggered by many factors, with rare cases (< 0.05% of the general population) associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD). Our study analyzes a 74-year-old male patient with 10 years of constant unbearable left-sided facial pain, unresponsive to medications and multiple glycerol rhizotomies, performed in other centers which prompted the patient to seek care at our clinic. The confirmation of left-sided VBD by magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography angiography, and the patient's overall satisfactory health status favored open surgery with microvascular decompression (MVD). We performed a retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy to reach the cerebellopontine angle, ensuring that it is the dolichoectatic basilar artery applying compression to the trigeminal nerve. We inserted a shredded Teflon implant into the trigeminal cistern following its opening. Care was exercised to ensure that there were no remaining factors causing compression. Postoperatively, pain relief was achieved, sustained at an 8-month follow-up. Treating TN arising from VBD can be difficult. The patient's overall health status and assessment play a key role in determining the appropriate course of treatment. Opting for MVD is the optimal and most effective choice, regardless of age, according to the recent literature. In cases where surgery is not feasible, the treatment options will involve medications and less invasive therapeutic approaches such as peripheral rhizotomies or stereotactic radiosurgery. Our case highlights the efficacy of MVD in addressing TN associated with VBD, underscoring the need for advanced treatment modalities and expertise in managing complex cases.
Retrospective analysis of 60 Autism Spectrum Disorder
cases
Authors: Vaidyeswar Madhuri , Rao Disha 
Published: September 2024

SummaryAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with challenges
in social communication and repetitive/restricted sensory-motor behaviours and
early intervention during the critical brain development phase can significantly
manage this condition. This retrospective analysis was conducted to understand
the impact of homoeopathy on specific developmental domains in the treatment of
ASD and to determine what areas it may benefit when used alongside other
supportive therapies, to improve the long-term outcomes of the affected
children.
Methods The records of 60 cases diagnosed with ASD and treated with
homoeopathic medicines, along with supportive therapies, that showed clinically
significant improvement, were taken for analysis. Documented follow-ups for a
period of 3–4 years of these cases were observed and analysed. The Indian Scale
for Assessment of Autism has been used to score and analyse the progress of the
children.
Results The cases were divided according to age into 3 categories – 2 to 5
years, 6 to 9 years and 10 to 12 years for analysis. Significant improvement in
the 2–5 years age group was seen in all developmental domains but the highest in
speech-language & communication, the 6–9 years group in cognitive component,
10–12 years group in behaviour, which was also supported statistically by a
significant p value (<0.05).
Conclusion The analysis evaluated the impact of homeopathy on ASD, showing
benefits in speech, language, and cognitive development, particularly in younger
children, holding promise for homoeopathy in early intervention for long-term
developmental outcomes.
Behandlung einer Sinusvenenthrombose bei einem Säugling mit einem
kompletten atrioventrikulären Septumdefekt (CAVSD)
Authors: Höf Alexandra 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungEin 3 Wochen alter Säugling entwickelte nach operativer Korrektur eines
kompletten atrioventrikulären Septumdefekts eine schwere beidseitige
Sinusvenenthrombose, die homöopathisch begleitet wurde. Im Verlauf stabilisierte
sich der Säugling ungewöhnlich schnell. Dies zeigt, dass auch schwerste
Komplikationen begleitend zur konventionellen Behandlung homöopathisch
therapiert werden können.
The Bank of England and conservative sound money politics: economic ideas in a contested political sphere
Authors: Blanden Adam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOver the course of the 2010s, Conservative politicians criticised the Bank of England for meddling in markets and punishing ‘prudent’ savers. Partly in response to this, Bank officials risked their own reputations by adopting new forms of communicative engagement with the public and attempting to defend the prevailing consensus on monetary policy. This paper draws on both qualitative coding of transcripts of Treasury Committee hearings and 11 interviews with Bank staff and officials to support its central claim that the politics of monetary policy takes place in a conflictual political sphere in which different interests, values and identities are mobilised in opposed ideologies of monetary governance. This qualitative approach helps to identify the ideological substance of public debates about monetary policy. The conflict between Conservative sound money and Bank monetary policy orthodoxy is conceptualised as a divide within the neoliberal consensus, with more progressive views marginalised or absent. Central bankers do not merely seek to publicly defend their reputations, while relegating the politics of economic ideas to abstruse debates among technocrats. Rather, central bankers are political actors in a relatively open, public and conflictual political sphere.
Exploring the impact of digital distrust on user resistance to e-health services among older adults: the moderating effect of anticipated regret
Authors: Ezeudoka Brendan Chukwuemeka , Fan Mingyue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the factors influencing user resistance to e-health services among older adults, focusing on the role of information inequality, digital distrust, low self-efficacy, perceived risk, and social influence. Structured questionnaires were used to gather data from 301 older adult participants, and the structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the results. The results show that digital distrust, perceived risk, and user resistance have a significant positive relationship, underscoring the significance of resolving trust and risk concerns in e-health interventions. The study also finds that the association between digital distrust and user resistance is moderated by anticipated regret, indicating that people who anticipate regretting not adopting electronic health services are less likely to oppose digital technologies despite their distrust. Surprisingly, the study did not find support for the hypothesized relationship between information inequality and user resistance, indicating the need for further exploration of this complex relationship. The study contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing user resistance to e-health services among older adults, offering valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to promote the adoption of digital health technologies in aging populations.