bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the identification of well-behaved turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Sanmiguel Vila C. , Vinuesa R. , Discetti S. , Ianiro A. , Schlatter P. , Örlü R. 
Published: May 2017

This paper introduces a new method based on the diagnostic plot (Alfredsson et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 23, 2011, 041702) to assess the convergence towards a well-behaved zero-pressure-gradient (ZPG) turbulent boundary layer (TBL). The most popular and well-understood methods to assess the convergence towards a well-behaved state rely on empirical skin-friction curves (requiring accurate skin-friction measurements), shape-factor curves (requiring full velocity profile measurements with an accurate wall position determination) or wake-parameter curves (requiring both of the previous quantities). On the other hand, the proposed diagnostic-plot method only needs measurements of mean and fluctuating velocities in the outer region of the boundary layer at arbitrary wall-normal positions. To test the method, six tripping configurations, including optimal set-ups as well as both under- and overtripped cases, are used to quantify the convergence of ZPG TBLs towards well-behaved conditions in the Reynolds-number range covered by recent high-fidelity direct numerical simulation data up to a Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness and free-stream velocity $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$ of approximately 4000 (corresponding to 2.5 m from the leading edge) in a wind-tunnel experiment. Additionally, recent high-Reynolds-number data sets have been employed to validate the method. The results show that weak tripping configurations lead to deviations in the mean flow and the velocity fluctuations within the logarithmic region with respect to optimally tripped boundary layers. On the other hand, a strong trip leads to a more energized outer region, manifested in the emergence of an outer peak in the velocity-fluctuation profile and in a more prominent wake region. While established criteria based on skin-friction and shape-factor correlations yield generally equivalent results with the diagnostic-plot method in terms of convergence towards a well-behaved state, the proposed method has the advantage of being a practical surrogate that is a more efficient tool when designing the set-up for TBL experiments, since it diagnoses the state of the boundary layer without the need to perform extensive velocity profile measurements.
What Explains the Low Success Rate of Investor-State Disputes?
Authors: Pelc Krzysztof J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe treatment of foreign investment has become the most controversial issue in global governance. At the center of the controversy lies the mechanism of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), which allows private firms legal recourse against governments if government interference has degraded their investment. Using newly released data covering 742 investment disputes, I assess some of the central claims about ISDS. I argue that the regime has indeed undergone an important shift: a majority of claims today deal not with direct takings by low-rule-of-law countries, but with regulation in democratic states. Such “indirect expropriation” claims have seen a precipitous decrease in their odds of legal success over the past twenty years. They are also far less likely to result in early settlement. These parallel trends may be a result of a rise in strategic litigation by investors whose aim is not only to obtain compensation but also to deter governments' regulatory ambitions.
Hedonism and asceticism
Authors: FRAMARIN CHRISTOPHER G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSome philosophers take the ascetic sage as a test case for the plausibility of theories of welfare. They maintain that attitudinal hedonism entails that the sage lives the good life, since he enjoys meditation, solitude, peace and quiet, and so on. Some of the longest-enduring traditions of asceticism, however, deny that the sage takes attitudinal pleasure in these kinds of things. A group of Upaniṣads aptly named the Saṃnyāsa, or Ascetic Upaniṣads, for example, explicitly states that the sage neither enjoys nor despairs in earthly states of affairs. The attitudinal hedonist might argue that the sage of the Saṃnyāsa Upaniṣads lives the good life nonetheless, since he takes immense and constant pleasure in the ātman– the eternal, immaterial self. The sage's immense and constant pleasure in the ātman, however, also commits the attitudinal hedonist to the stronger claim that the ascetic lives the best life possible. The sage's life seems less than optimal, however, because he enjoys only one thing to the exclusion of all other things.
Building a single proposition from imagistic and categorical components
Authors: Davidson Kathryn 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBimodal bilingual language provides further evidence for the viewpoint advocated by Goldin-Meadow & Brentari (G-M&B) that sign, speech, and gesture work together to create a single proposition, illustrating the potential in each set of articulators for both imagistic and categorical components. Recent advances in formal semantics provide a framework for incorporating both imagistic and categorical components into a single compositional system.
Same or different: Common pathways of behavioral biomarkers in infants and children with neurodevelopmental disorders?
Authors: Marschik Peter B. , Zhang Dajie , Esposito Gianluca , Bölte Sven , Einspieler Christa , Sigafoos Jeff 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe extent to which early motor patterns represent antecedents to later communicative functions, and the emergence of gesture and/or sign as potential communicative acts in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), are research questions that have received recent attention. It is important to keep in mind that different NDDs have different neurological underpinnings, with correspondingly different implications for their conceptualization, detection, and treatment.
An evolutionary approach to sign language emergence: From state to process
Authors: Motamedi Yasamin , Schouwstra Marieke , Kirby Simon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between gesture, sign, and speech offers a valuable tool for investigating how language emerges from a nonlinguistic state. We propose that the focus on linguistic status is problematic, and a shift to focus on the processes that shape these systems serves to explain the relationship between them and contributes to the central question of how language evolves.
Until the demise of the functional field of view
Authors: Itti Laurent 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHulleman & Olivers (H&O) make a much-needed stride forward for a better understanding of visual search behavior by rejecting theories based on discrete stimulus items. I propose that the framework could be further enhanced by clearly delineating distinct mechanisms for attention guidance, selection, and enhancement during visual search, instead of conflating them into a single functional field of view.
Chances and challenges for an active visual search perspective
Authors: Ohl Sven , Rolfs Martin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUsing fixations as the fundamental unit of visual search is an appealing gear change in a paradigm that has long dominated attention research. To truly inform theories of search, however, additional challenges must be faced, including (1) an empirically motivated definition of fixation in the presence of fixational saccades and (2) the biases and limitations of transsaccadic perception and memory.
Mathematical fixation: Search viewed through a cognitive lens
Authors: Phillips Steven , Takeda Yuji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe provide a mathematical category theory account of the size and location of the authors' Functional View Field (FVF). Category theory explains systematic cognitive ability via universal construction, that is, a necessary and sufficient condition for composition of cognitive processes. Similarly, FVF size and location is derived from a (universal) construction called a fibre (pullback) bundle.
Item-based selection is in good shape in visual compound search: A view from electrophysiology
Authors: Töllner Thomas , Rangelov Dragan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe argue that although the framework put forward by Hulleman & Olivers (H&O) can successfully explain much of visual search behaviour, it appears limited to tasks without precise target identification demands. In particular, we contend that the unit of selection may be larger than a single item in standard detection tasks, whereas the unit may mandatorily be item-based in compound tasks.
The FVF might be influenced by object-based attention
Authors: Urale Poutasi W. B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHulleman & Olivers (H&O) argue that the primary unit in search should be fixations, and in doing so posit a Functional View Field (FVF). There is evidence from the object-based visual attention literature that the FVF may not process visual information uniformly. Here I sketch how object-based attention may influence processing within the FVF as well as the shape of the FVF.
Gesture and language: Distinct subsystem of an integrated whole
Authors: Goldin-Meadow Susan , Brentari Diane 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe commentaries have led us to entertain expansions of our paradigm to include new theoretical questions, new criteria for what counts as a gesture, and new data and populations to study. The expansions further reinforce the approach we took in the target article: namely, that linguistic and gestural components are two distinct yet integral sides of communication, which need to be studied together.
How’s Your Health at Home: Frail Homebound Patients Reported Health Experience and Outcomes
Authors: McGregor Margaret J. , Slater Jay , Sloan John , McGrail Kimberlyn M. , Martin-Matthews Anne , Berg Shannon , Plecash Alyson , Sloss Leila , Trimble Johanna , Murphy Janice M. 
Published: May 2017

RÉSUMÉPour notre sondage, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie mixte basée sur le Web (How’s Your Health – Frail) pour examiner la santé des adultes fragiles (78% âgés de 80 ans et plus) inscrits à un programme de soins primaires à domicile à Vancouver, au Canada. Soixante pour cent des répondants admissibles ont participé, représentant plus d’un quart (92/350, 26,2%) de tous les individus qui reçoivent le service. Malgré des niveaux élevés de co-morbidité et de dépendance fonctionnelle, 50% ont jugé leur santé aussi bonne, très bonne ou excellente. Les ratios de cotes ajustés pour l’auto-évaluation de sa santé positive étaient de 7,50, 95 pour cent d’intervalle de confiance (IC) [1,09, 51,81] et 4,85, 95% CI [1,02, 22,95] pour l’absence de symptômes gênants et le pouvoir de parler à la famille ou amis, respectivement. Des réponses narratives aux questions sur la fin de vie et la vie avec une maladie sont également décrites. Les résultats suggèrent que l’accent mis sur la gestion des symptômes, et le soutien des contacts sociaux, peut améliorer la santé des personnes âgées fragiles.
AFTER 40 YEARS: REVISITING CEIBAL TO INVESTIGATE THE ORIGINS OF LOWLAND MAYA CIVILIZATION
Authors: Inomata Takeshi , Triadan Daniela , Aoyama Kazuo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Ceibal-Petexbatun Archaeological Project has been conducting field investigations at the lowland Maya site of Ceibal since 2005. Previous research at this site by Harvard University allowed us to develop detailed research designs geared toward specific research questions. A particularly important focus was the question of how lowland Maya civilization emerged and developed. Comparison with contemporaneous sites in central Chiapas led us to hypothesize that the residents of Ceibal established a formal spatial pattern similar to those of the Chiapas centers during the Middle Preclassic period (1000–350b.c.). Through excavations of important elements of this spatial pattern, including a probable E-Group assemblage and large platforms, we examined how the Ceibal residents participated in interregional interactions with Chiapas, the Gulf Coast, and other areas, and how construction activities and architecture shaped the course of social change.
Food security among individuals experiencing homelessness and mental illness in the At Home/Chez Soi Trial
Authors: O’Campo Patricia , Hwang Stephen W , Gozdzik Agnes , Schuler Andrée , Kaufman-Shriqui Vered , Poremski Daniel , Lazgare Luis Ivan Palma , Distasio Jino , Belbraouet Slimane , Addorisio Sindi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals experiencing homelessness are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity. The At Home/Chez Soi study provides a unique opportunity to first examine baseline levels of food security among homeless individuals with mental illness and second to evaluate the effect of a Housing First (HF) intervention on food security in this population.DesignAt Home/Chez Soi was a 2-year randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of HF compared with usual care among homeless adults with mental illness, stratified by level of need for mental health services (high or moderate). Logistic regressions tested baseline associations between food security (US Food Security Survey Module), study site, sociodemographic variables, duration of homelessness, alcohol/substance use, physical health and service utilization. Negative binomial regression determined the impact of the HF intervention on achieving levels of high or marginal food security over an 18-month follow-up period (6 to 24 months).SettingCommunity settings at five Canadian sites (Moncton, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg and Vancouver).SubjectsHomeless adults with mental illness (n2148).ResultsApproximately 41 % of our sample reported high or marginal food security at baseline, but this figure varied with gender, age, mental health issues and substance use problems. High need participants who received HF were more likely to achieve marginal or high food security than those receiving usual care, but only at the Toronto and Moncton sites.ConclusionsOur large multi-site study demonstrated low levels of food security among homeless experiencing mental illness. HF showed promise for improving food security among participants with high levels of need for mental health services, with notable site differences.
A conceptual model: Redesigning how we provide palliative care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Philip Jennifer , Crawford Gregory , Brand Caroline , Gold Michelle , Miller Belinda , Hudson Peter , Smallwood Natasha , Lau Rosalind , Sundararajan Vijaya 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Despite significant needs, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) make limited use of palliative care, in part because the current models of palliative care do not address their key concerns.Objective:Our aim was to develop a tailored model of palliative care for patients with COPD and their family caregivers.Method:Based on information gathered within a program of studies (qualitative research exploring experiences, a cohort study examining service use), an expert advisory committee evaluated and integrated data, developed responses, formulated principles to inform care, and made recommendations for practice. The informing studies were conducted in two Australian states: Victoria and South Australia.Results:A series of principles underpinning the model were developed, including that it must be: (1) focused on patient and caregiver; (2) equitable, enabling access to components of palliative care for a group with significant needs; (3) accessible; and (4) less resource-intensive than expansion of usual palliative care service delivery. The recommended conceptual model was to have the following features: (a) entry to palliative care occurs routinely triggered by clinical transitions in care; (b) care is embedded in routine ambulatory respiratory care, ensuring that it is regarded as “usual” care by patients and clinicians alike; (c) the tasks include screening for physical and psychological symptoms, social and community support, provision of information, and discussions around goals and preferences for care; and (d) transition to usual palliative care services is facilitated as the patient nears death.Significance of results:Our proposed innovative and conceptual model for provision of palliative care requires future formal testing using rigorous mixed-methods approaches to determine if theoretical propositions translate into effectiveness, feasibility, and benefits (including economic benefits). There is reason to consider adaptation of the model for the palliative care of patients with other nonmalignant conditions.
Selective analysis of cancer-cell intrinsic transcriptional traits defines novel clinically relevant subtypes of colorectal cancer
Authors: Isella Claudio , Brundu Francesco , Bellomo Sara E. , Galimi Francesco , Zanella Eugenia , Porporato Roberta , Petti Consalvo , Fiori Alessandro , Orzan Francesca , Senetta Rebecca , Boccaccio Carla , Ficarra Elisa , Marchionni Luigi , Trusolino Livio , Medico Enzo , Bertotti Andrea 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStromal content heavily impacts the transcriptional classification of colorectal cancer (CRC), with clinical and biological implications. Lineage-dependent stromal transcriptional components could therefore dominate over more subtle expression traits inherent to cancer cells. Since in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) stromal cells of the human tumour are substituted by murine counterparts, here we deploy human-specific expression profiling of CRC PDXs to assess cancer-cell intrinsic transcriptional features. Through this approach, we identify five CRC intrinsic subtypes (CRIS) endowed with distinctive molecular, functional and phenotypic peculiarities: (i) CRIS-A: mucinous, glycolytic, enriched for microsatellite instability or KRAS mutations; (ii) CRIS-B: TGF-β pathway activity, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, poor prognosis; (iii) CRIS-C: elevated EGFR signalling, sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors; (iv) CRIS-D: WNT activation, IGF2 gene overexpression and amplification; and (v) CRIS-E: Paneth cell-like phenotype, TP53 mutations. CRIS subtypes successfully categorize independent sets of primary and metastatic CRCs, with limited overlap on existing transcriptional classes and unprecedented predictive and prognostic performances.
Regulated membrane remodeling by Mic60 controls formation of mitochondrial crista junctions
Authors: Hessenberger Manuel , Zerbes Ralf M. , Rampelt Heike , Kunz Séverine , Xavier Audrey H. , Purfürst Bettina , Lilie Hauke , Pfanner Nikolaus , van der Laan Martin , Daumke Oliver 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) is crucial for the formation of crista junctions and mitochondrial inner membrane architecture. MICOS contains two core components. Mic10 shows membrane-bending activity, whereas Mic60 (mitofilin) forms contact sites between inner and outer membranes. Here we report that Mic60 deforms liposomes into thin membrane tubules and thus displays membrane-shaping activity. We identify a membrane-binding site in the soluble intermembrane space-exposed part of Mic60. This membrane-binding site is formed by a predicted amphipathic helix between the conserved coiled-coil and mitofilin domains. The mitofilin domain negatively regulates the membrane-shaping activity of Mic60. Binding of Mic19 to the mitofilin domain modulates this activity. Membrane binding and shaping by the conserved Mic60–Mic19 complex is crucial for crista junction formation, mitochondrial membrane architecture and efficient respiratory activity. Mic60 thus plays a dual role by shaping inner membrane crista junctions and forming contact sites with the outer membrane.
Metabolic network analysis reveals microbial community interactions in anammox granules
Authors: Lawson Christopher E. , Wu Sha , Bhattacharjee Ananda S. , Hamilton Joshua J. , McMahon Katherine D. , Goel Ramesh , Noguera Daniel R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMicrobial communities mediating anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represent one of the most energy-efficient environmental biotechnologies for nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, little is known about the functional role heterotrophic bacteria play in anammox granules. Here, we use genome-centric metagenomics to recover 17 draft genomes of anammox and heterotrophic bacteria from a laboratory-scale anammox bioreactor. We combine metabolic network reconstruction with metatranscriptomics to examine the gene expression of anammox and heterotrophic bacteria and to identify their potential interactions. We find that Chlorobi-affiliated bacteria may be highly active protein degraders, catabolizing extracellular peptides while recycling nitrate to nitrite. Other heterotrophs may also contribute to scavenging of detritus and peptides produced by anammox bacteria, and potentially use alternative electron donors, such as H2, acetate and formate. Our findings improve the understanding of metabolic activities and interactions between anammox and heterotrophic bacteria and offer the first transcriptional insights on ecosystem function in anammox granules.
Light-driven liquid metal nanotransformers for biomedical theranostics
Authors: Chechetka Svetlana A. , Yu Yue , Zhen Xu , Pramanik Manojit , Pu Kanyi , Miyako Eijiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRoom temperature liquid metals (LMs) represent a class of emerging multifunctional materials with attractive novel properties. Here, we show that photopolymerized LMs present a unique nanoscale capsule structure characterized by high water dispersibility and low toxicity. We also demonstrate that the LM nanocapsule generates heat and reactive oxygen species under biologically neutral near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Concomitantly, NIR laser exposure induces a transformation in LM shape, destruction of the nanocapsules, contactless controlled release of the loaded drugs, optical manipulations of a microfluidic blood vessel model and spatiotemporal targeted marking for X-ray-enhanced imaging in biological organs and a living mouse. By exploiting the physicochemical properties of LMs, we achieve effective cancer cell elimination and control of intercellular calcium ion flux. In addition, LMs display a photoacoustic effect in living animals during NIR laser treatment, making this system a powerful tool for bioimaging.
Acquired IFNγ resistance impairs anti-tumor immunity and gives rise to T-cell-resistant melanoma lesions
Authors: Sucker Antje , Zhao Fang , Pieper Natalia , Heeke Christina , Maltaner Raffaela , Stadtler Nadine , Real Birgit , Bielefeld Nicola , Howe Sebastian , Weide Benjamin , Gutzmer Ralf , Utikal Jochen , Loquai Carmen , Gogas Helen , Klein-Hitpass Ludger , Zeschnigk Michael , Westendorf Astrid M. , Trilling Mirko , Horn Susanne , Schilling Bastian , Schadendorf Dirk , Griewank Klaus G. , Paschen Annette 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMelanoma treatment has been revolutionized by antibody-based immunotherapies. IFNγ secretion by CD8+ T cells is critical for therapy efficacy having anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on tumour cells. Our study demonstrates a genetic evolution of IFNγ resistance in different melanoma patient models. Chromosomal alterations and subsequent inactivating mutations in genes of the IFNγ signalling cascade, most often JAK1 or JAK2, protect melanoma cells from anti-tumour IFNγ activity. JAK1/2 mutants further evolve into T-cell-resistant HLA class I-negative lesions with genes involved in antigen presentation silenced and no longer inducible by IFNγ. Allelic JAK1/2 losses predisposing to IFNγ resistance development are frequent in melanoma. Subclones harbouring inactivating mutations emerge under various immunotherapies but are also detectable in pre-treatment biopsies. Our data demonstrate that JAK1/2 deficiency protects melanoma from anti-tumour IFNγ activity and results in T-cell-resistant HLA class I-negative lesions. Screening for mechanisms of IFNγ resistance should be considered in therapeutic decision-making.