bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midterm Results of Four-Corner Fusion Using Dorsal Circular Plate Fixation
Authors: Deglmann Claus , Celigoj Vanja , Lukas Bernhard , Elgammal Ahmed 
Published: October 2017

Purpose The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the results of four-corner fusion using dorsal circular plate.
Methods We operated on 20 patients between 2009 and 2011.
Results At a mean follow-up period of 30 months (range: 14–62, SD: 16), the mean VAS improved from 8 (range: 4–10, SD: 2) preoperatively to 4 (range: 0–8, SD: 2). Function measured with the DASH score improved from 37 (range: 10–75, SD: 18) to 26 (range: 2.5–64, SD: 19). Eighteen patients in our series showed full consolidation and two patients showed persistent nonunion. Three cases required plate removal due to dorsal impingement.
Conclusion  Four-corner fusion using dorsal circular plate showed satisfactory results in this study, but it did not show superior results compared with simpler fixation methods mentioned in the literature, such as K-wires or screw fixation. Currently, we are principally using K-wires as a fixation method of choice in our four-corner fusion procedures.
Level of Evidence  Level II.
Estradiol modulates the efficacy of synaptic inhibition by decreasing the dwell time of GABAAreceptors at inhibitory synapses
Authors: Mukherjee Jayanta , Cardarelli Ross A. , Cantaut-Belarif Yasmine , Deeb Tarek Z. , Srivastava Deepak P. , Tyagarajan Shiva K. , Pangalos Menelas N. , Triller Antoine , Maguire Jamie , Brandon Nicholas J. , Moss Stephen J. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceOur knowledge of how estrogen signaling can influence inhibitory synaptic transmission is rudimentary and is addressed here. Collectively, our data suggest that estrogen modulates the dynamics of surface GABAAreceptors and hence efficacy of synaptic inhibition, via a postsynaptic mechanism that relies on disrupting the postsynaptic scaffold. This regulatory mechanism may have profound effects on the efficacy of neuronal inhibition and therefore synaptic plasticity and thus play a role in the pathophysiology of estrogen-related seizure and cognitive disorders.
Entropy and optimality in river deltas
Authors: Tejedor Alejandro , Longjas Anthony , Edmonds Douglas A. , Zaliapin Ilya , Georgiou Tryphon T. , Rinaldo Andrea , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceRiver deltas are critically important Earthscapes at the land–water interface, supporting dense populations and diverse ecosystems while also providing disproportionately large food and energy resources. Deltas exhibit complex channel networks that dictate how water, sediment, and nutrients are spread over the delta surface. By adapting concepts from information theory, we show that a range of field and numerically generated deltas obey an optimality principle that suggests that deltas self-organize to increase the diversity of sediment transport pathways across the delta channels to the shoreline. We suggest that optimal delta configurations are also more resilient because the same mechanism that diversifies the delivery of fluxes to the shoreline also enhances the dampening of possible perturbations.
Synchrony and pattern formation of coupled genetic oscillators on a chip of artificial cells
Authors: Tayar Alexandra M. , Karzbrun Eyal , Noireaux Vincent , Bar-Ziv Roy H. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Synchrony, entrainment, and pattern formation are nonlinear modes of communication and collective behavior in living systems across scales. We aim to understand these complex processes by building them bottom-up in a minimal environment to unravel basic rules governing their behavior. However, it has so far been challenging to emulate spatially distributed coupled gene expression cellular reactions. We show a microfluidic device of a confined coupled system of DNA compartments programmed with nonlinear genetic oscillator and diffusion-based communication. This approach provides unique control of experimental parameters, which reveals a rich phenomenology of cell-free gene expression patterns in space and time.
Epigenetic mechanisms modulate differences in
Drosophila
foraging behavior
Authors: Anreiter Ina , Kramer Jamie M. , Sokolowski Marla B. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Individuals of the same species display remarkable variation in behavior even in identical contexts, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie this variation are still poorly understood. Here we present important findings on the regulation of behavioral variation. We show that epigenetic regulation interacts with genetic variation, and provide causal evidence that this mechanism underlies distinct foraging behavioral strategies. More globally, our findings show that individuals within a species may behave differently due to the epigenetic control of gene expression.
What does ‘emergency’ mean?
Authors: Levonian Raluca-Mihaela 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article analyzes political interviews, focusing on the corrections made by the interviewees in their answers, from a comparative perspective. The data included both Romanian and Italian language interviews, published in print and online media. Two criteria for the classification of corrections have been identified, one regarding the target of the correction and one regarding the form in which the correction is made. The results show that content-oriented corrections are the most frequent type in both corpora, while mitigated corrections appeared more often in the Italian corpus than in the Romanian one. The politicians interviewed use corrections in order to reject the interviewer’s stance and to demonstrate a better understanding or knowledge of the topic discussed.
The Bakhtin case
Authors: Létourneau Alain 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Studies about dialogue are conducted in a descriptive perspective, but also in a so-called normative approach or tradition. Taking Bakhtin’s case, I consider this tension and show how it can be treated as a question of disciplines and interdisciplinarity, which permits us to understand how they are both necessary and complement each other. This disciplinary angle can be relevant to understand Bakhtin’s own work but also other research paths. Showing then how this way of structuring research is lacking certain elements notably the evaluative aspect of any discourse and discourse study, I develop the hypothesis according to which a triad of terms might be more useful to reflect and study dialogue than just the descriptive/normative dyad, suggesting the introduction of Peircian categories.
Determinants of the Efficacy of Natural Selection on Coding and Noncoding Variability in Two Passerine Species
Authors: Corcoran Pádraic , Gossmann Toni I , Barton Henry J ,   The Great Tit HapMap Consortium, Slate Jon , Zeng Kai 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPopulation genetic theory predicts that selection should be more effective when the effective population size (Ne) is larger, and that the efficacy of selection should correlate positively with recombination rate. Here, we analyzed the genomes of ten great tits and ten zebra finches. Nucleotide diversity at 4-fold degenerate sites indicates that zebra finches have a 2.83-fold larger Ne. We obtained clear evidence that purifying selection is more effective in zebra finches. The proportion of substitutions at 0-fold degenerate sites fixed by positive selection (α) is high in both species (great tit 48%; zebra finch 64%) and is significantly higher in zebra finches. When α was estimated on GC-conservative changes (i.e., between A and T and between G and C), the estimates reduced in both species (great tit 22%; zebra finch 53%). A theoretical model presented herein suggests that failing to control for the effects of GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) is potentially a contributor to the overestimation of α, and that this effect cannot be alleviated by first fitting a demographic model to neutral variants. We present the first estimates in birds for α in the untranslated regions, and found evidence for substantial adaptive changes. Finally, although purifying selection is stronger in high-recombination regions, we obtained mixed evidence for α increasing with recombination rate, especially after accounting for gBGC. These results highlight that it is important to consider the potential confounding effects of gBGC when quantifying selection and that our understanding of what determines the efficacy of selection is incomplete.
Resting-state connectivity predicts patient-specific effects of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Zhang Chencheng , Li Yuxin , Huang Pei , Lv Qian , Yu Wenwen , Chen Shengdi , Sun Bomin , Wang Zheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNeural circuit-based guidance for optimizing patient screening, target selection and parameter tuning for deep brain stimulation (DBS) remains limited. To this end, we propose a functional brain connectome-based modeling approach that simulates network-spreading effects of stimulating different brain regions and quantifies rectification of abnormal network topology in silico. We validate these analyses by predicting nuclei in basal-ganglia circuits as top-ranked targets for 43 local patients with Parkinson’s disease and 90 patients from public database. However, individual connectome-based predictions demonstrate that globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus (STN) constituted as the best choice for 21.1% and 19.5% of patients, respectively. Notably, the priority rank of STN significantly correlated with motor symptom severity in the local cohort. By introducing whole-brain network diffusion dynamics, these findings unfold a new dimension of brain connectomics and underscore the importance of neural network modeling for personalized DBS therapy, which warrants experimental investigation to validate its clinical utility.
Discrete attractor dynamics underlying selective persistent activity in frontal cortex
Authors: Inagaki Hidehiko K. , Fontolan Lorenzo , Romani Sandro , Svoboda Karel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractShort-term memories link events separated in time, such as past sensation and future actions. Short-term memories are correlated with selective persistent activity, which can be maintained over seconds. In a delayed response task that requires short-term memory, neurons in mouse anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) show persistent activity that instructs future actions. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this persistent activity we combined intracellular and extracellular electrophysiology with optogenetic perturbations and network modeling. During the delay epoch, both membrane potential and population activity of ALM neurons funneled towards discrete endpoints related to specific movement directions. These endpoints were robust to transient shifts in ALM activity caused by optogenetic perturbations. Perturbations occasionally switched the population dynamics to the other endpoint, followed by incorrect actions. Our results are consistent with discrete attractor dynamics underlying short-term memory related to motor planning.
Modulation ofPrdm9-controlled meiotic chromosome asynapsis overrides hybrid sterility in mice
Authors: Gregorova Sona , Gergelits Vaclav , Chvatalova Irena , Bhattacharyya Tanmoy , Valiskova Barbora , Fotopulosova Vladana , Jansa Petr , Wiatrowska Diana , Forejt Jiri 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe infertility of hybrids between closely related species is one of the reproductive isolation mechanisms leading to speciation.Prdm9, the only known vertebrate hybrid sterility gene causes failure of meiotic chromosome synapsis and infertility in male hybrids between mouse strains derived from two mouse subspecies. Within speciesPrdm9determines the sites of programmed DNA double-strand breaks and meiotic recombination hotspots. To investigate the relation betweenPrdm9-controlled meiotic arrest and asynapsis, we inserted random stretches of consubspecific homology on several autosomal pairs in sterile hybrids and analyzed their ability to form synaptonemal complexes and rescue male fertility. Twenty-seven or more Mb of consubspecific homology fully restored synapsis in a given autosomal pair and we predicted that two symmetric DSBs or more per chromosome are necessary for successful meiosis. We hypothesize that impaired recombination between evolutionary diverged homologous chromosomes could function as one of the mechanisms of hybrid sterility occurring in various sexually reproducing species.
SPANOL (SPectral ANalysis Of Lobes): A spectral clustering framework for individual and group parcellation of cortical surfaces in lobes
Authors: Lefèvre Julien , Pepe Antonietta , Muscato Jennifer , De Guio Francois , Girard Nadine , Auzias Guillaume , Germanaud David 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the link between structure, function and development in the brain is a key topic in neuroimaging that benefits from the tremendous progress of multi-modal MRI and its computational analysis. It implies,inter alia, to be able to parcellate the brain volume or cortical surface into biologically relevant regions. These parcellations may be inferred from existing atlases (e.g. Desikan) or sets of rules, as would do a neuroanatomist for lobes, but also directly driven from the data (e.g. functional or structural connectivity) with minimum a priori. In the present work, we aimed at using the intrinsic geometric information contained in the eigenfunctions of Laplace-Beltrami Operator to obtain parcellations of the cortical surface based only on its description by triangular meshes. We proposed a framework adapted from spectral clustering, general in scope and suitable for the co-parcellation of a group of subjects. We applied it to a dataset of 62 adults, optimized it and revealed a striking agreement between parcels produced by this unsupervised clustering and Freesurfer lobes (Desikan atlas), which cannot be explained by chance. Already suitable by itself, this spectral analysis of lobes (Spanol) could conveniently be fitted into a multimodal pipeline for optimized and fast lobar segmentation. Eventually, we showed promising results of Spanol on smoother brains and notably on a dataset of 15 fetuses, with an interest for both the understanding of cortical ontogeny and the applicative field of perinatal computational neuroanatomy.
Sequence fingerprints distinguish erroneous from correct predictions of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Regions
Authors: Saravanan Konda Mani , Dunker A Keith , Krishnaswamy Sankaran 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTMore than sixty prediction methods for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have been developed over the years, many of which are accessible on the world-wide web. Nearly, all of these predictors give balanced accuracies in the ~65% to ~80% range. Since predictors are not perfect, further studies are required to uncover the role of amino acid residues in native IDP as compared to predicted IDP regions. In the present work, we make use of sequences of 100% predicted IDP regions, false positive disorder predictions, and experimentally determined IDP regions to distinguish the characteristics of native versus predicted IDP regions. A higher occurrence of asparagine is observed in sequences of native IDP regions but not in sequences of false positive predictions of IDP regions. The occurrences of certain combinations of amino acids at the pentapeptide level provide a distinguishing feature in the IDPs with respect to globular proteins. The distinguishing features presented in this paper provide insights into the sequence fingerprints of amino acid residues in experimentally-determined as compared to predicted IDP regions. These observations and additional work along these lines should enable the development of improvements in the accuracy of disorder prediction algorithm.
Stretching the skin of the fingertip creates a perceptual and motor illusion of touching a harder spring
Authors: Farajian Mor , Leib Raz , Zaidenberg Tomer , Mussa-Ivaldi Ferdinando , Nisky Ilana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe investigated how artificial tactile feedback in the form of a skin-stretch affects perception of stiffness and grip force adjustment. During interactions with objects, information from kinesthetic and tactile sensors is used to estimate the forces acting on the limbs. These enable the perception of the mechanical properties of objects to form, and the creation of internal models to predict the consequences of interactions with these objects, such as feedforward grip-force adjustments to prevent slippage. Previous studies showed that an artificial stretch of the skin of the fingertips can produce a linear additive effect on stiffness perception, but it remains unclear how such stretch affects the control of grip force. Here, we used a robotic device and a custom-built skin-stretch device to manipulate kinesthetic and tactile information. Using a stiffness discrimination task, we found that adding artificial tactile feedback to a kinesthetic force can create the illusion of touching a harder spring which affects both perception and action. The magnitude of the illusion is linearly related to the amplitude of the applied stretch. We also isolated the contribution of tactile stimulation to the predictive and reactive components of grip force adjustment, and found that unlike in other cases of perceptual illusions, the predictive grip force is modulated consistently with the perceptual tactile-induced illusion. These results have major implications for the design of tactile interfaces across a variety of touch applications such as wearable haptic devices, teleoperations, robot-assisted surgery, and prosthetics.Significance StatementSensing forces, using kinesthetic and tactile modalities, is important for assessing the mechanical properties of objects, and for acting the objects while stabilizing grasp against slippage. A major challenge in understanding the internal representations that allow for a predictive grip force control during contact with objects is to dissociate the contribution of tactile and kinesthetic stimuli. To date, this contribution was investigated only in impaired cases either through local anesthesia or in patients with sensory impairment. Our study demonstrates using a programmable mechatronic device that artificially applied skin-stretch creates an illusion of a greater load force that affects grip force control and stiffness perception. These results are applicable in tactile technologies for wearable haptic devices, teleoperation, robot-assisted surgery, and prosthetics.
Reputation of multinational companies
Authors: Aguilera-Caracuel Javier , Guerrero-Villegas Jaime , García-Sánchez Encarnación 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use stakeholder theory as the theoretical reference framework to study the influence of internationalization (geographic international diversification) and social performance on multinational companies’ (MNCs) reputation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors confirm the research hypotheses using a sample of 113 US MNCs in the chemical, energy and industrial machinery sectors during the period 2005-2010.FindingsThis study contributes to the literature in three ways. First, it incorporates literature on internationalization to study the possible connection between geographic international diversification and social performance in MNCs. Second, it sheds light on the debate between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the reputation of MNCs in a very diverse transnational context in which MNCs must meet the needs of stakeholders at both local and global levels. Third, it incorporates the mediating role of social performance in the relationship between geographic international diversification and the firm’s reputation.Originality/valuePrior studies have hardly analyzed this relationship, which becomes especially relevant for MNCs, since their implementation of advanced CSR practices in the different markets in which they operate will gain them a good reputation, not only in specific local contexts but also globally, benefitting the organization as a whole and enabling it to gain internal consistency (improvement in internal efficiency), transparency and legitimacy.
Beneficial ownership in sukuk ijarah: a shari’ah appraisal
Authors: Nik Abdul Ghani Nik Abdul Rahim 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically study the application of beneficial ownership in sukuk ijarah by analysing the fiqh interpretation on the concept of beneficial ownership.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a theoretical paper using content analysis approach that delves into the works of Islamic scholars on the concept of ownership and evaluates the concept of beneficial ownership in sukuk ijarah from the Islamic perspective.

Findings
The paper concludes that the beneficial ownership should be considered as true ownership because Shari’ah has allowed the transfer of ownership by a sole basis of contract (offer and acceptance). Although the sukuk holders are not registered as the legal owners in the Land Office, the documentations and agreements have clearly specified the owners and their liabilities.

Research limitations/implications
Empirical investigations into how sukuk holders are responsible for the underlying assets in sukuk ijarah.

Practical implications
It is therefore important to develop parameters for beneficial ownership to govern the use of the concept in Islamic finance.

Originality/value
The paper shows the fiqh interpretation on the beneficial ownership in sukuk ijarah while considering all the constraints and challenges in the implementation of sukuk.
MNCs and religious influences in global markets
Authors: Butt Muhammad Mohsin , Rose Susan , Wilkins Stephen , Ul Haq Junaid 
Published: October 2017

PurposeMultinational corporations (MNCs) that want to compete in markets worldwide should not underestimate the influences of religion on consumer demand. Almost one quarter of the world’s population is Muslim so it is important for MNCs to get into the Muslim mind set when operating in countries where Islam has a large influence. The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which consumer-based brand equity in a religious market results from the psychological and behavioural characteristics of consumers rather than from product characteristics.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative survey method was adopted, using a total sample of 551 Muslim consumers in Malaysia and Pakistan. A holistic model conceptualising three potential psychological and behavioural predictors of consumer-based halal brand equity (CBHBE) was created and then tested using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe strength of an individual’s religious identity was found to be a strong predictor of consumer halal choice behaviour and perceived self-expressive religious benefits. Consumers’ halal choice behaviour and perceived self-expressive benefits directly predict CBHBE. Moreover, consumer halal choice behaviour partially mediates the relationship between self-expressive benefits and CBHBE.Practical implicationsThe authors conclude that firms targeting Muslim consumers can maximise CBHBE by focussing their marketing strategies on the three psychological and behavioural constructs identified in the model. For example, by using halal certification logos and providing convincing information about the halalness of their brand, businesses can facilitate Muslim consumers’ search processes in relation to their choice behaviour.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing international branding literature in two main ways. First, it introduces and defines the concept of CBHBE. Second, it identifies and empirically validates the important psychological and behavioural predictors of CBHBE.