bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and assessment of a fire risk index system for typical grasslands in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Renping , Dai Junfeng , Zhang Jianli , Guo Jing , Zhou Jiahui , Miao Yuhao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Fire hazards have a substantial impact on grassland ecosystems, and they are becoming more frequent and widespread because of global changes and human activities. However, there is still a lack of a widely accepted or practical method to evaluate grassland fire risk. In our study of typical grasslands in northern Xinjiang, we selected 18 evaluation indicators for grassland fires from three aspects of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Employing the analytic hierarchy process, weighted comprehensive evaluation method, and standard deviation classification, we determined the fire risk level thresholds, aiming to develop efficient and precise methods for assessing grassland fire risks, and ultimately created a grid-based map of grassland fire risk levels.

Results
The risk level of grassland fires is determined by the combined spatial heterogeneity of fire-causing factors’ hazard and fire hazard-bearing bodies’ vulnerability and exposure. The hazard of grassland fire and fire hazard-bearing bodies’ vulnerability and exposure are dominated by medium level and medium–low level. Most areas of grassland fire risk levels are medium–low, medium, or medium–high risk, with few areas being high risk or low risk. The grassland fire risk exhibits a spatial distribution characterized by higher risks in the western and lower in the eastern; high and medium–high risk areas are primarily distributed in the western and some northeastern regions of the study area. The simulate result effectively represents the spatial distribution of grassland fire in the research area.

Conclusion
We established a grassland fire risk index system and model, creating a spatial distribution map of grassland fire risk levels based on grid. Few grassland areas have fire risks and show a patchy distribution. The results generally reflect the spatial distribution pattern of grassland fire risks in the study area. This research provides technical support for scientifically formulating local grassland fire disaster prevention and relief strategies.
Antiobesity effect and metabolite analysis of catechin functional kimchi
Authors: Hong Geun-Hye , Lee So-Young , Park Kun-Young 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe antiobesity effects of catechin functional kimchi (CFK) were studied in C57BL/6 mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We prepared four types of kimchi: commercial kimchi (CK), standard kimchi (SK), green tea functional kimchi (GFK), and CFK. CFK decreased the adipo-/lipogenesis-related genes of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) in the liver and epididymal tissues (p < 0.05). On the other hand, CFK showed the highest lipolysis-related gene expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and β-oxidation related gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1). CFK produced the lowest inflammation-related mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) among all groups in the epididymal tissues (p < 0.05). In addition, UPLC–Q-TOF-MS showed that CFK is composed mainly of 39 active compounds, e.g., epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), catechins, apigenin, myricetin, kaempferitin, rutin, quercetin, and other substances with anti-inflammatory, blood cholesterol reduction, blood sugar reduction, body fat reduction, antioxidant, and anticancer functions. Thus, CFK exhibited an antiobesity effect through its modulation of lipid metabolism and active compounds.
A comparative study of auditory and non-auditory characteristics of congenital, early, and late-onset auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
Authors: Nisha Kavassery Venkateswaran , Barman Animesh , Prabhu Prashanth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The study explored the differences in audiological and non-audiological characteristics between congenital, early-onset, and late-onset auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Ninety-five individuals diagnosed with ANSD were included in the study. They were divided into three groups congenital ANSD—children (30 individuals, 60 ears), adults with early-onset ANSD (30 individuals, 56 ears), and adults with late-onset ANSD (35 individuals, 62 ears). The non-audiological characteristics (gender, laterality, and risk factors) and audiological characteristics (behavioral and electrophysiological measures) were compared between the three groups.

Results
Discriminant analyses showed that the pure tone average, audiogram configuration, and speech thresholds were the best auditory predictors of onset-based group differences in ANSD (congenital and early-onset versus late-onset ANSD). While the congenital and early-onset group showed poorer pure-tone and speech thresholds, along with flat configuration, the late-onset group demonstrated relatively better thresholds and other configurations (rising, tent-shaped, cookie-bite). In addition, long latency responses were delayed or absent in children with congenital ANSD, indicative of onset coding deficits at the cortical level.

Conclusions
The study highlights the audiological differences between congenital, early-, and late-onset ANSD groups. These differences could be because of variations in etiology, pathophysiology, site of lesion, or genetic variability between the groups, which needs to be explored further.
Sonic P-wave attenuation based on fluid pressure differential between joint and matrix
Authors: Li Guangquan , Wang Yuchao 
Published: September 2024

When a P wave compresses in situ rocks saturated with fluid, there is a fluid pressure differential between compliant joints and stiff matrix. The pressure differential automatically drives a mesoscale squirt between joint wall and matrix interior. This mechanism is likely to dominate sonic P-wave attenuation in the field. A new model of P-wave attenuation is established based on mesoscale squirt, in which the first porosity is represented by matrix pores, and the second porosity is represented by joints. The sonic log of a sandstone reservoir in Saudi Arabia is used to illustrate the model. Estimated phase velocity and measured quality factor of sonic P waves are accurately simulated. The results indicate that for the sandstone reservoir, the relative second porosity is 5%, the interjoint distance is 0.1 m, the squirt permeability at very low frequencies is approximately half of the Darcy permeability of the matrix, and the joint gap is 800 μm (quadruple grain diameter of 200 μm). Surprisingly, the model of joint-matrix squirt also is capable of reproducing seismic P-wave attenuation measured in the shallow crust of southern California. Therefore, mesoscale squirt across the joint wall may be the underlying mechanism of attenuation for sonic and seismic P waves shallower than 10 km.
The clinical assessment of violence in the context of psychosis: taking a phenomenological stance
Authors: Anderson Coral , Nathan Rajan 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYAlthough most people experiencing psychosis are not violent, a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder is associated with an increased likelihood of violence. Some progress has been made in delineating the nature of this association, but it remains unclear whether specific types of psychotic experience make a specific contribution to the propensity for violence. Just as the phenomenological approach has produced a fuller understanding of psychotic experiences (that can inform improved aetiological and interventional frameworks), the authors assert that such an approach (with its closer attention to the full extent of the patient's subjectivity) has the potential to advance our understanding of the relationship between psychosis and violent behaviour in a way that has clinical applicability. This article examines this potential by overlaying approaches to the phenomenology of psychosis with a framework for the subjectivity of violence to demonstrate how a fuller explanatory formulation for violent behaviour can be derived.
Androgen and Cortisol Cosecreting Adrenal Adenoma and Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
Authors: Garza-García Gabriela , Sánchez-Villa José Diego , Díaz-Trueba Flavio Enrique , Lara-Salazar Miguel Angel , Gómez-Pérez Francisco Javier , Reza-Albarrán Alfredo Adolfo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The differential diagnosis between malignant and benign adrenal cortical tumors is challenging, and concurrent androgen and cortisol production should raise  suspicion of a malignant tumor. We present the case of a 36-year-old woman who exhibited pronounced hirsutism, clitoromegaly, and secondary amenorrhea. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 35 × 27 mm right adrenal mass with unenhanced CT attenuation of 40 Hounsfield units (HUs). The mass exhibited absolute and relative washout rates of 50% and 28%, respectively, and was accompanied by a 25 × 20 mm adenopathy located in the hepatogastric space. Total testosterone was elevated by 247 ng/dL (8.56 nmol/L) (normal reference range, 10-75 ng/dL; 0.34-2.6 nmol/L). A 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test revealed an elevated serum morning cortisol concentration of 10.57 μg/dL (291.58 nmol/L) (reference range, &lt;1.8 μg/dL; &lt; 49.66 nmol/L). A fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scan revealed increased uptake in both the adrenal mass and the adenopathy. Subsequently, the patient underwent an open right adrenalectomy and lymphadenectomy. Histological examination revealed the presence of an adrenal adenoma with myelolipomatous metaplasia, as well as a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the adenopathy.
Fundamental Body Composition Principles Provide Context for Fat-Free and Skeletal Muscle Loss With GLP-1 RA Treatments
Authors: Tinsley Grant M , Heymsfield Steven B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During weight loss, reductions in body mass are commonly described using molecular body components (eg, fat mass and fat-free mass [FFM]) or tissues and organs (eg, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle). While often conflated, distinctions between body components established by different levels of the 5-level model of body composition—which partitions body mass according to the atomic, molecular, cellular, tissue/organ, or whole-body level—are essential to recall when interpreting the composition of weight loss. A contemporary area of clinical and research interest that demonstrates the importance of these concepts is the discussion surrounding body composition changes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), particularly in regard to changes in FFM and skeletal muscle mass. The present article emphasizes the importance of fundamental principles when interpreting body composition changes experienced during weight loss, with a particular focus on GLP-1RA drug trials. The potential for obligatory loss of FFM due to reductions in adipose tissue mass and distribution of FFM loss from distinct body tissues are also discussed. Finally, selected countermeasures to combat loss of FFM and skeletal muscle, namely resistance exercise training and increased protein intake, are presented. Collectively, these considerations may allow for enhanced clarity when conceptualizing, discussing, and seeking to influence body composition changes experienced during weight loss.
Un “entrañable amor paternal”: Divorcio y paternidad en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, 1985–2000
Authors: Pérez Inés 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Este artículo muestra cómo en la Argentina de los años ochenta y noventa, al calor de las reformas legales que buscaron “democratizar” la familia, se abrieron nuevas instancias de desigualdad, en las cuales las referencias al amor paternal tuvieron un lugar clave. En las disputas sobre el lugar de los padres en las nuevas configuraciones familiares, aparecían dos definiciones del amor paternal que muchas veces eran contrapuestas: el amor como responsabilidad sobre la vida material de los hijos, y el amor como el tiempo que se pasa junto a ellos. El artículo sostiene que, aun cuando en este período ganó fuerza la idea de que los niños tenían “derecho a un padre” –en el marco de discursos que señalaban su centralidad en el desarrollo infantil en términos psíquicos y afectivos–, los hombres seguían siendo los sujetos que el sistema legal privilegiaba.
Indigenous Raiding, Captive Taking, and the Politics of Maritime Violence in the Long Sixteenth-Century Lesser Antilles
Authors: Mercado-Montero Ernesto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
At the core of this piece lies an examination of how Indigenous people forged a system of raiding, captive taking, sea marauding, and trade that became instrumental in the exertion of political power and commercial autonomy in the formative stage of the multi-imperial Caribbean. Indigenous maritime technologies and martial skills allowed them to forge transimperial networks of raiding and trafficking of European merchandise, captives, foodstuffs, and staple commodities. These practices were tools used to repel European incursions, exploit the Spanish Empire, and maintain control over their territories. Likewise, the strategic position of the Lesser Antilles facilitated Indigenous people's integration in the northern European system that blended exploration, sea marauding, and contraband in the Caribbean. By focusing on Indigenous people, we are able to access a more exact portrayal of this archipelago, one that transcends established narratives of European privateering, settlement, and imperial competition.
T. Robert Malthus's Comparative Political Economy of Prudential Restraint
Authors: Emmett Ross B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Examination of the second and subsequent editions of T. Robert Malthus's Essay on the Principle of Population shows that the author created a more expansive examination of his political economy of population than that of the simple model in the Essay's first edition. In subsequent editions, the simple, ecological model gives way to a sophisticated general model of a commercial society with property rights, the rule of law, marriage laws similar to those of the British Christian tradition, and expanded markets. The result was not the “dismal” prognostication that Malthus is often identified with. Rather, he was reasonably optimistic that steady growth in per capita income could be accomplished along with a rising population. Biology could never be conquered, but within the right institutional context, reason might interrupt its career.
Solidarity and Development: The OECD Technical Cooperation Committee in the Cold War
Authors: Granata Mattia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Since the first “development decade,” the OECD has played a key role in coordinating aid from Western countries to the Global South. Before that first decade, however, wide gaps in development separated its own member countries. Within it, therefore, a Technical Cooperation Committee (TECO) operated to provide knowledge and expertise to “intermediate development” Mediterranean countries. TECO, through a network of experts, concentrated and disseminated data, ideas, and economic policy practices to promote the “modernization” of countries not fully integrated into the international economic system and ruled by dictatorial or otherwise undemocratic regimes. On the one hand, the program concretized intra-European solidarity to spread economic development and prosperity; on the other hand, it allowed a close look at the reality of those countries. Then, beginning in the 1970s, reflecting the change in the prevailing economic culture, TECO incubated the guiding lines for the global public administration reform. This study reconstructs the history of TECO through documentation preserved in the OECD archives in Paris.
Disordered hinge regions of the AP-3 adaptor complex promote vesicle budding from the late Golgi in yeast
Authors: Leih Mitchell , Plemel Rachael L. , West Matt , Angers Cortney G. , Merz Alexey J. , Odorizzi Greg 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Vesicles bud from maturing Golgi cisternae in a programmed sequence. Budding is mediated by adaptors that recruit cargoes and facilitate vesicle biogenesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the AP-3 adaptor complex directs cargoes from the Golgi to the lysosomal vacuole. The AP-3 core consists of small and medium subunits complexed with two non-identical large subunits, β3 (Apl6) and δ (Apl5). The C-termini of β3 and δ were thought to be flexible hinges linking the core to ear domains that bind accessory proteins involved in vesicular transport. We found by computational modeling that the yeast β3 and δ hinges are intrinsically disordered and lack folded ear domains. When either hinge is truncated, AP-3 is recruited to the Golgi, but vesicle budding is impaired and cargoes normally sorted into the AP-3 pathway are mistargeted. This budding deficiency causes AP-3 to accumulate on ring-like Golgi structures adjacent to GGA adaptors that, in wild-type cells, bud vesicles downstream of AP-3 during Golgi maturation. Thus, each of the disordered hinges of yeast AP-3 has a crucial role in mediating transport vesicle formation at the Golgi.
The response of grey mouse lemurs to acute caloric restriction before reproduction supports the ‘thrifty female hypothesis’
Authors: Noiret Aude , Aujard Fabienne , Terrien Jeremy 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The ‘thrifty female hypothesis’ states that females preserve more of their energy reserves during winter than males because of the sex-specific time frame of energy allocation for reproduction. As males reactivate their reproductive axis before the mating period, while females mainly allocate energy during gestation and lactation, we hypothesized that males would have to use shorter torpor bouts and longer periods of normothermic activity to promote spermatogenesis during winter, a period of low food availability. Here, we applied an acute 2 week 80% caloric restriction in male and female grey mouse lemurs shortly before the mating period. We found evidence of thriftier phenotypes in wintering females, which performed deeper and longer torpor bouts than males and ultimately lost less body mass. Our results thus support the ‘thrifty female hypothesis’ in a seasonally breeding primate and reinforce the concept of a sex-biased trade-off in using torpor, which might ultimately benefit reproduction and survival.
Reconsidering assumptions in the analysis of muscle fibre cross-sectional area
Authors: Mebrahtu Abel , Smith Ian C. , Liu Shuyue , Abusara Ziad , Leonard Timothy R. , Joumaa Venus , Herzog Walter 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Cross-sectional area (CSA) is a fundamental variable in characterizing muscle mechanical properties. Typically, the CSA of a single muscle fibre is assessed by measuring either one or two diameters, and assuming the cross-section is either circular or elliptical in shape. However, fibre cross-sections have irregular shapes. The accuracy and precision of CSAs determined using circular and elliptical shape assumptions are unclear for mammalian skinned muscle fibres. Second harmonic generation imaging of skinned rabbit soleus fibres revealed that the circular assumption overstated real CSA by 5.3±25.9% whereas the elliptical assumption overstated real CSA by 2.8±6.9%. A preferred rotational alignment can bias the circular assumption, as real CSA was overstated by 22.1±24.8% when using the larger fibre diameter and understated by 11.4±13% when using the smaller fibre diameter. With 73% lower variable error and reduced bias, the elliptical assumption is superior to the circular assumption when assessing the CSA of skinned mammalian fibres.
Micro-integrated crossed-beam optical dipole trap system with long-term alignment stability for mobile atomic quantum technologies
Authors: Christ Marc , Anton Oliver , Zimmermann Conrad , Henderson Victoria A , Da Ros Elisa , Krutzik Markus 
Published: September 2024

Quantum technologies extensively use laser light for state preparation, manipulation, and readout. For field applications, these systems must be robust and compact, driving the need for miniaturized and highly stable optical setups and system integration. In this work, we present a micro-integrated crossed-beam optical dipole trap setup, the µXODT, designed for trapping and cooling 87Rb. This fiber-coupled setup operates at 1064 nm wavelength with up to 2.5 W optical power and realizes a free-space crossed beam geometry. The µXODT precisely overlaps two focused beams (w0 ≈ 33 µm) at their waists in a 45° crossing angle, achieving a position difference of ≤3.4 µm and a 0.998 power ratio between both beams with long-term stability. We describe the design and assembly process in detail, along with optical and thermal tests with temperatures of up to 65 °C. The system’s volume of 25 ml represents a reduction of more than two orders of magnitude compared to typically used macroscopic setups while demonstrating exceptional mechanical robustness and thermal stability. The µXODT is integrated with an 87Rb 3D MOT setup, trapping 3 × 105 atoms from a laser-cooled atomic cloud, and has shown no signs of degradation after two years of operation.
Electro-optic frequency comb generation via cascaded modulators driven at lower frequency harmonics
Authors: Eliason Todd , Parker Payton A. , Reber Melanie A. R. 
Published: September 2024

Electro-optical modulation of a continuous wave laser is a highly stable way to generate frequency combs, gaining popularity in telecommunication and spectroscopic applications. These combs are generated by modulating non-linear electro-optic crystals with radio frequencies, creating equally spaced side-bands centered around the single-frequency seed laser. Electro-optic frequency comb architectures often choose between optical bandwidth (cascaded GHz combs) or higher mode density (chirped RF generation). This work demonstrates an electro-optic frequency comb with > 120 GHz of bandwidth and an 80 MHz repetition rate. The comb has three cascaded electro-optic modulators driven at sequentially lower harmonics, the last megahertz modulation dictating the repetition rate. This architecture can modulate at any individual harmonic and repetition rate without changes to the components. This comb can be used in any applications where a stable and tunable repetition rate is needed.