bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illocutionary force
Authors: Giurgea Ion , Remberger Eva-Maria 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The main goal of this chapter is critically to address from a comparative perspective some of the most important issues related to clause typing and the encoding of illocutionary force in Romance, covering such areas as the principal phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical correlates of declarative force, interrogative force, exclamative force, imperatival force, and optative/concessive force. Specific topics dealt with include: sentence typing and illocutionary force; declarative sentential force; declarative particles: Gascon; marked declarative particles; interrogative sentential force; polar interrogatives; intonation; inversion; from inversion to interrogative inflection or interrogative particle; marked VS orders; special inversion patterns; indirect polar interrogatives; partial interrogatives; new syntax of wh-interrogatives in null-subject languages; new syntax of wh-interrogatives in non-null-subject languages; multiple wh-questions; indirect wh-interrogatives; echo questions; question particles; imperative sentential force; affirmative imperatives; negative Imperatives; jussive/hortative subjunctive; exclamative sentential force; total exclamatives; partial exclamatives; wh-exclamatives; exclamative focus fronting; optative sentential force.
Address systems
Authors: Ashdowne Richard 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This chapter surveys some of the most important issues in Romance address systems. It covers the principal pronominal and verbal systems of address across Romance; sources of innovative Romance pronouns and form of address; encoding of number, gender, reciprocal/non-reciprocal intimacy, politeness, deference, and distance; sociolinguistic variables conditioning distribution of forms of address; grammatical mismatches between person, number, and gender; variation in matching verb forms; intralingual variation; phonological), morphological; syntactic, and lexical strategies for marking the vocative; inverse address. Specific topics dealt with include: alternations among bound forms of address; social distribution; choice of form; choice of system; terminology; typology; formal and functional clash; free forms of address; syntax and pragmatics; morphological marking; morphophonological patterns; inverse address.
Gender
Authors: Michele Loporcaro 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This chapter surveys some of the most striking and interesting problems and questions related to gender in Romance. It covers restructuring of Latin nominal declensions in Romance; relation between gender and inflectional class, and between target and controller genders; residual and systemic survival of Latin neuter in bipartite and tripartite gender systems, respectively; interrelation between gender and number (count vs mass distinctions; ambigenerics); emergence of four-way gender systems correlation between natural and grammatical gender; semantic import of grammatical gender. Specific topics dealt with include: gender assignment; semantic rules; formal rules; two-gender systems; Romanian and other three-gender systems; four-gender systems; mass/countness and gender; some exceptional cases.
Rock-Paper-Scissors Everywhere
Authors: Friedman Daniel , Sinervo Barry , Friedman Daniel , Sinervo Barry 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This chapter documents general RPS interactions in mating systems for isopods, damselflies, fish, and birds. It applies Hadamard products to show how mate preferences can change one RPS game into another. Regular RPS cycles in one sex favor invasion of a rule of thumb in the other sex in which common mating types are avoided and rare types are preferred. From such interactions, the one-population true RPS game is converted into an apostatic RPS game. The RPS can also be broken if mates evolve preference for self-mating types, with implications for cooperation and speciation. A new co-evolutionary model describes predator/prey interactions with learning. The model is referred to as ABC-NR after the conspicuous and toxic aposematic model, harmless Batesian mimics, and cryptic types in prey, while predators are either naÏve or responsive to aposematic signals. Fisher’s conjecture of an advantage from prey clustering is required for an interior ESS.
Contingent Life-Cycle Strategies
Authors: Friedman Daniel , Sinervo Barry , Friedman Daniel , Sinervo Barry 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChapter 9 considers “plastic” strategies that respond to contingencies, as well as life-cycle strategies. Various usages of the term plasticity are classified and equilibrium analyses are developed. Role contingent plasticity is exemplified by Maynard Smith’s well-known bourgeois strategy in Hawk-Dove interactions. State-contingent plasticity depends on external environmental cues, exemplified by tadpoles that transform between omnivorous and carnivorous types depending on the availability of shrimp. Frequency-contingent plasticity uses local cues on strategy distribution to transform own strategy, exemplified by sneaker males that transform to territorial types when territorial types are rare. Payoff-contingent plasticity responds to cues on relative payoffs; examples include context-dependent mate choice for subordinate or dominant males depending on son payoffs in the next generation. This chapter also develops a life-cycle framework and applies it to data collected on elephant seal mating behavior and life history at Año Nuevo beaches from 1970 to 2012.
The Blessing and the Curse of the Multiplicative Updates
Authors: Friedman Daniel , Sinervo Barry 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis chapter shows how replicator dynamics (in a setting with no frequency dependence) correspond to multiplicative updates studied by computer scientists in the context of online learning. The updates learn very quickly (a “blessing”) but they also wipe out potentially valuable variety that may be important when the environment changes (the “curse”). The chapter presents several different techniques developed in machine learning to lift the curse, and also different techniques seen in Nature. The chapter asks what machine learning can learn from Nature and vice versa when the recent past may be a treacherous guide to future events, as exemplified in the disk spin-down problem. Highlights include a demonstration of logical connections between Bayesian updating and replicator dynamics, and a discussion of how in-vitro selection techniques relate to computer algorithms that preserve diversity.
Why is there no Coastal Cordillera at the Arica Bend (Western Central Andes)?
Authors: Madella Andrea , Delunel Romain , Audin Laurence , Schlunegger Fritz 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe architecture of the Western Andes is remarkably constant between southern Peru and northern Chile. An exception, however, is present near Arica at 18°S, where the Andes change their strike direction by ca. 50° and the Coastal Cordillera is absent over an along‐strike width of 50 km. Although this feature has been mentioned in several previous studies, no effort has been made yet to describe and explain this peculiar morphology of the Western Central Andean forearc. Here, we propose a large‐scale model to explain the Myr‐long low uplift rate of the Arica Bend concerning seismic coupling and continental wedge‐top basin evolution. New geomorphic and sedimentologic data are integrated with seismicity and structural data from the literature to interpret the post‐Oligocene pattern of uplift, erosion and sediment transport to the trench. Results show that the Arica Bend has been marked by exceptionally low coastal uplift rates over post‐Oligocene timescales. In addition, this uplift anomaly at the Arica Bend correlates with relatively high sediment discharge to the corresponding trench segment since late Oligocene time. We interpret that before 25 Ma, the forming seaward concavity of the subduction zone induced trench‐parallel extension at the curvature apex of the overriding forearc. The subsequent low uplift rate would have then triggered a feedback mechanism, where the interplay between relatively low interplate friction, low coastal uplift and relatively high sediment discharge favoured Myr‐long relative subsidence at the Arica Bend, in contrast to Myr‐long uplift of the Coastal Cordillera north and south of it.
Neuroprotective effect of propofol against excitotoxic injury to locomotor networks of the rat spinal cord in vitro
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Flores Gutiérrez Javier , Nistri Andrea 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlthough neuroprotection to contain the initial damage of spinal cord injury (SCI) is difficult, multicentre studies show that early neurosurgery under general anaesthesia confers positive benefits. An interesting hypothesis is that the general anaesthetic itself might largely contribute to neuroprotection, although in vivo clinical settings hamper studying this possibility directly. To further test neuroprotective effects of a widely used general anaesthetic, we studied if propofol could change the outcome of a rat isolated spinal cord SCI model involving excitotoxicity evoked by 1 h application of kainate with delayed consequences on neurons and locomotor network activity. Propofol (5 μm; 4–8 h) enhanced responses to GABA and depressed those to NMDA together with decrease in polysynaptic reflexes that partly recovered after 1 day washout. Fictive locomotion induced by dorsal root stimuli or NMDA and serotonin was weaker the day after propofol application. Kainate elicited a significant loss of spinal neurons, especially motoneurons, whose number was halved. When propofol was applied for 4–8 h after kainate washout, strong neuroprotection was observed in all spinal areas, including attenuation of motoneuron loss. Although propofol had minimal impact on recovery of electrophysiological characteristics 24 h later, it did not further depress network activity. A significant improvement in disinhibited burst periodicity suggested potential to ameliorate neuronal excitability in analogy to histological data. Functional recovery of locomotor networks perhaps required longer time due to the combined action of excitotoxicity and anaesthetic depression at 24 h. These results suggest propofol could confer good neuroprotection to spinal circuits during experimental SCI.
Risks to Effective Knowledge Sharing in Agile Software Teams: A Model for Assessing and Mitigating Risks
Authors: Ghobadi Shahla , Mathiassen Lars 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present an empirically grounded and theoretically informed model for the assessment and mitigation of risks to effective knowledge sharing in agile development. The model is anchored in empirical insights from four agile projects across two software companies and in extant research on risk‐strategy analysis and knowledge sharing in software development. We develop the model as part of the long‐standing tradition of presenting risk management models dedicated to specific issues in software development and confirm its practical usefulness in one of the software companies studied. The model offers concepts and processes to assess a project's knowledge sharing risk profile and articulate an overall resolution strategy plan to mitigate the risks. The results highlight how different knowledge sharing risk management profiles can lead to different project performance outcomes. We conclude with a discussion of research opportunities that the results offer software development scholarship. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Treatment of vitiligo with 308‐nm excimer laser: our experience from a 2‐year follow‐up of 979 Chinese patients
Authors: Fa Y. , Lin Y. , Chi X.J. , Shi W.H. , Wang J.L. , Guo X. , Geng J.H. , Liu H.X. , Zhang F.R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe 308‐nm excimer laser had been proved to be a time‐efficient and potent therapeutic alternative for the management of vitiligo. Different results had been reported in different ethnic populations.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and related contributing factors of 308‐nm excimer laser in Chinese vitiligo patients.MethodsA total of 979 Chinese patients (3478 lesions) with progressive‐stage vitiligo who had received 308‐nm excimer laser treatment were recruited from the vitiligo clinic of Shandong Provincial Hospital of Dermatology &Venereology from 2012 to 2014. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated at the end of session by two independent dermatologists based on the before and after images taken. Repigmentation was graded on a 4‐point scale: grade 1, poor repigmentation (0–25%); grade 2, moderate repigmentation (26–50%); grade 3, good repigmentation (51–75%); grade 4, excellent repigmentation (76–100%).ResultsThe mean grade of repigmentation was 2.29, 44.22% showed less than 25% repigmentation, 16.27% showed 26–50% repigmentation, 5.95% showed 51–75% repigmentation and 33.55% showed more than 76% repigmentation. The repigmentation of facial lesions was better than lesions located elsewhere (P < 0.0001), the best response was noted in the periorbital region, while lesions on hands and feet showed poor repigmentation (P < 0.0001). The degree of repigmentation was negatively correlated with disease duration (r = −0.268, P < 0.001), age (r = −0.095, P < 0.001) and shape of lesions (r = −0.114, P < 0.001), whereas it was positively correlated with treatment frequency (r = 0.270, P < 0.001). Lesions with concurrent poliosis were more likely resistant to treatments.Conclusion308‐nm excimer laser appears to be an effective and safe treatment in Chinese vitiligo patients. The clinical response and treatment efficacy was affected by many factors such as age, affected anatomical area, shape of the lesion, disease duration and treatment frequencies.
Place of Death of Individuals with Terminal Cancer: New Insights from Medicare Hospice Place‐of‐Service Codes
Authors: Jarosek Stephanie L. , Shippee Tetyana P. , Virnig Beth A. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo use place‐of‐service (POS) codes in the Medicare hospice claims files to document where elderly hospice users with cancer die.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry areas.ParticipantsElderly Medicare beneficiaries who died of lung, breast, colorectal, or pancreatic cancer in 2007 and 2008 (N = 46,037).MeasurementUse of hospice, place of service at death (home, nursing home, hospital, inpatient hospice, other), length of stay in hospice.ResultsTwo‐thirds of the beneficiaries used hospice. Younger, male, black, Asian, and unmarried beneficiaries and those enrolled in fee‐for‐service Medicare or from areas with lower income were less likely to use hospice. Hospice enrollment also varied significantly according to SEER registry. Thirty percent of the hospice users were not receiving home‐based care at the time of death, and 17% were enrolled for less than 3 days. Factors associated with hospice death in the home mirrored those associated with hospice use. Individuals dying in hospitals (odds ratio (OR) = 5.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.63–5.69), inpatient hospice (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.70–2.02), and nursing homes (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.10–1.28) had greater odds of a short hospice stay (≤7 days) than those dying at home, after controlling for all other measured factors, whereas those dying in nursing homes had greater odds of long stays (>180 days) (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.28–1.67).ConclusionNew hospice POS codes are useful for understanding place of death for hospice users. Hospice deaths cannot be assumed to happen at home.
Reflections on 60 years of publication of the Journal of Neurochemistry
Authors: Turner Anthony J. , Nalivaeva Natalia N. , Fonnum Frode , Tipton Keith F. , Hausmann Laura , Schulz Jörg B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis review reflects on the origins, development, publishing trends, and scientific directions of the Journal of Neurochemistry over its 60 year lifespan as seen by key contributors to the Journal's production. The Journal first appeared in May 1956 with just two issues published in that inaugural year. By 1963, it appeared monthly and, by 2002, 24 hard copy issues were published yearly. In 2014, the Journal became online only. For much of its time, the Journal was managed through two separate editorial offices each with their respective Chief Editor (the ‘Western’ and ‘Eastern’ hemispheres). The Journal was restructured to operate through a single editorial office and Editor‐in‐Chief from 2013. Scientifically, the Journal progressed through distinct scientific eras with the first two decades generally centered around developments in methodology followed by a period when publications delved deeper into underlying mechanisms. By the late 1980s, the Journal had entered the age of genetics and beyond, with an increasing focus on neurodegenerative diseases. Reviews have played a regular part in the success of J Neurochem with focused special and virtual issues being a highlight of recent years. Today, 60 years and onwards, J Neurochem continues to be a leading source of top‐quality, original and review articles in neuroscience. We look forward to its continued success at the forefront of neurochemistry in the decades to come.imageThis article celebrates 60 years of publication of Journal of Neurochemistry including personal reminiscences from some of the Chief Editors, past and present, as well as input from some of the key contributors to the Journal over this period. We highlight the scientific, technological, and publishing developments along the way, with reference to key papers published in the Journal. The support of the Journal toward the aims and objectives of the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) is also emphasized.This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
How can group‐based multidisciplinary rehabilitation for patients with fibromyalgia influence patients' self‐efficacy and ability to cope with their illness: a grounded theory approach
Authors: Rasmussen Marianne Uggen , Amris Kirstine , Rydahl‐Hansen Susan 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe how group‐based multidisciplinary rehabilitation for patients with fibromyalgia can influence patients' self‐efficacy and ability to cope with their illness.BackgroundMultidisciplinary rehabilitation is recommended in the management of fibromyalgia. Self‐efficacy is said to influence and predict adaptive coping behaviours and functioning. However, knowledge is lacking on how rehabilitation programmes may influence self‐efficacy and ability to cope, from the patients' perspective.DesignGrounded theory study of semi‐structured focus group interviews.MethodsParticipants (n = 17) were included in four focus groups that had completed a two‐week multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme together. Interviews were conducted four weeks after each group had completed the programme. The analysis was conducted constant comparatively applying open, axial and selective coding.ResultsCategories (in italics) were derived from data in which the explanatory core category was identified: Learning to accept and live with pain as a life condition, and linked to three categories mutually influencing each other: Increased self‐acceptance of living with the illness, experiencing acceptance from others and developing new coping strategies. Thus, patients benefitted from multidisciplinary rehabilitation with stronger self‐efficacy and expectations to their future coping. However, limitations in the programme were identified, as the programme was short and intensive with no subsequent follow‐up, and social welfare was not sufficiently addressed. Participants also found it difficult to maintain knowledge and were lacking individual sessions with the psychologist and had waited long to receive rehabilitation.ConclusionMultidisciplinary rehabilitation may advantageously be offered to patients with fibromyalgia. However, earlier action with longer programmes, in which patients' social situation is addressed, comprising individual sessions with the psychologist, with multiple repetitions of the content and follow‐up sessions, may further enhance the patients' self‐efficacy and coping with their illness.
Blood flow responses over sacrum in nursing home residents during one hour bed rest
Authors: Källman Ulrika , Bergstrand Sara , Ek Anna‐Christina , Engström Maria , Lindgren Margareta 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo describe individual BF responses in a nursing home resident population for one‐hour periods of bed rest.MethodsBF was measured for one hour over the sacrum in 0° supine position and 30° supine tilt position in 25 individuals aged 65 y or older while lying on a pressure‐redistributing mattress. Measurements were made at three tissue depths (1, 2, and 10 mm) using the noninvasive optical techniques, LDF and PPG.ResultsEleven participants had a PIV response at 1 mm depth in both positions and seven participants had a lack of this response at this depth and positions. The BF response at 1 mm depth appeared immediately and remained over, or below, baseline for the entire 60 min of loading in both positions. These BF patterns were also seen in deeper tissue layers.ConclusionsThe cutaneous BF response among the nursing home residents was distinct, appeared early, and remained during the one hour of loading.
How can we reduce costs of solid‐phase multiplex‐bead assays used to determine anti‐HLA antibodies?
Authors: Kamburova E. G. , Wisse B. W. , Joosten I. , Allebes W. A. , van der Meer A. , Hilbrands L. B. , Baas M. C. , Spierings E. , Hack C. E. , van Reekum F. E. , van Zuilen A. D. , Verhaar M. , Bots M. L. , Drop A. C. A. D. , Plaisier L. , Seelen M. A. J. , Sanders J. S. F. , Hepkema B. G. , Lambeck A. J. , Bungener L. B. , Roozendaal C. , Tilanus M. G. J. , Vanderlocht J. , Voorter C. E. , Wieten L. , van Duijnhoven E. M. , Gelens M. , Christiaans M. H. L. , van Ittersum F. J. , Nurmohamed A. , Lardy N. M. , Swelsen W. , van der Pant K. A. , van der Weerd N. C. , ten Berge I. J. M. , Bemelman F. J. , Hoitsma A. , van der Boog P. J. M. , de Fijter J. W. , Betjes M. G. H. , Heidt S. , Roelen D. L. , Claas F. H. , Otten H. G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSolid‐phase multiplex‐bead assays are widely used in transplantation to detect anti‐human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. These assays enable high resolution detection of low levels of HLA antibodies. However, multiplex‐bead assays are costly and yield variable measurements that limit the comparison of results between laboratories. In the context of a Dutch national Consortium study we aimed to determine the inter‐assay and inter‐machine variability of multiplex‐bead assays, and we assessed how to reduce the assay reagents costs. Fifteen sera containing a variety of HLA antibodies were used yielding in total 7092 median fluorescence intensities (MFI) values. The inter‐assay and inter‐machine mean absolute relative differences (MARD) of the screening assay were 12% and 13%, respectively. The single antigen bead (SAB) inter‐assay MARD was comparable, but showed a higher lot‐to‐lot variability. Reduction of screening assay reagents to 50% or 40% of manufacturers' recommendations resulted in MFI values comparable to 100% of the reagents, with an MARD of 12% or 14%, respectively. The MARD of the 50% and 40% SAB assay reagent reductions were 11% and 22%, respectively. From this study, we conclude that the reagents can be reliably reduced at least to 50% of manufacturers' recommendations with virtually no differences in HLA antibody assignments.