bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Causes and Prevention of Suicide Attempts in Southern Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Shabir Ghulam , Manzoor Shafaq , Safdar Ghulam 
Published: September 2017

Objective: This study is an effort to know the causes of suicide attempts and to know as how media can play a role in preventing such attempts. The literature review shows that media coverage of suicide attempt cases effects teenagers more negatively as compared to the elders. Studies also show that teenagers also copycat the suicide attempts made by the celebrities. It is not the only factor. Because the contagious suicide is not confined just to exposure of media, but attempters who personally know such people who have attempted suicide are more inclined to copy this tragic phenomenon.
Methodology: The theoretical framework of this study is based on the work of Emile Durkheim. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from survival of suicide attempts. (Sample Size: 50).
Results: The result show that there are several reasons for committing suicide in southern Punjab such as parental conflict, failure in love, price hike, corruption and worse law & order situation prevailing in the country.
Implications: In light of findings of the study, it is suggested that professional help and counseling techniques can be helpful for attempters. Media can play a vital role in this regard by careful coverage of suicide attempts cases.
Objective: This study is an effort to know the causes of suicide attempts and to know as how media can play a role in preventing such attempts. The literature review shows that media coverage of suicide attempt cases effects teenagers more negatively as compared to the elders. Studies also show that teenagers also copycat the suicide attempts made by the celebrities. It is not the only factor. Because the contagious suicide is not confined just to exposure of media, but attempters who personally know such people who have attempted suicide are more inclined to copy this tragic phenomenon.
Methodology: The theoretical framework of this study is based on the work of Emile Durkheim. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from survival of suicide attempts. (Sample Size: 50).
Results: The result show that there are several reasons for committing suicide in southern Punjab such as parental conflict, failure in love, price hike, corruption and worse law & order situation prevailing in the country.
Implications: In light of findings of the study, it is suggested that professional help and counseling techniques can be helpful for attempters. Media can play a vital role in this regard by careful coverage of suicide attempts cases.
Kinetic Cascade in Solar-wind Turbulence: 3D3V Hybrid-kinetic Simulations with Electron Inertia
Authors: Cerri Silvio Sergio , Servidio Sergio , Califano Francesco 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Understanding the nature of the turbulent fluctuations below the ion gyroradius in solar-wind (SW) turbulence is a great challenge. Recent studies have been mostly in favor of kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW)-type fluctuations, but other kinds of fluctuations with characteristics typical of magnetosonic, whistler, and ion-Bernstein modes could also play a role depending on the plasma parameters. Here, we investigate the properties of the subproton-scale cascade with high-resolution hybrid-kinetic simulations of freely decaying turbulence in 3D3V phase space, including electron inertia effects. Two proton plasma beta are explored: the “intermediate” β

p
= 1 and “low” β

p
= 0.2 regimes, both typically observed in the SW and corona. The magnetic energy spectum exhibits

and

power laws at β

p
= 1, while they are slightly steeper at β

p
= 0.2. Nevertheless, both regimes develop a spectral anisotropy consistent with

at

and pronounced small-scale intermittency. In this context, we find that the kinetic-scale cascade is dominated by KAW-like fluctuations at β

p
= 1, whereas the low-β case presents a more complex scenario suggesting the simultaneous presence of different types of fluctuations. In both regimes, however, a possible role of the ion-Bernstein-type fluctuations at the smallest scales cannot be excluded.
Hemodialysis Access Choice: Impact of Health Literacy
Authors: Mazarova Andrea , Hiremath Swapnil , Sood Manish M. , Clark Edward G. , Brown Pierre Antoine , Bugeja Ann L. , England Grant L. , Zimmerman Deborah 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Hemodialysis patients need to make decisions about vascular access and diet that they may not fully understand. In this study, we hypothesized that patients with low health literacy are likely to choose a central venous catheter (CVC) and have higher serum potassium (K), serum phosphate (P), and inter-dialysis weight gains (IDWG).

Objective:
Primarily, the study sought to describe the health literacy of patients treated with hemodialysis in a Canadian tertiary care center. The secondary objective was to describe the association between health literacy and permanent vascular access choice, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and IDWG.

Methods:

Adult patients receiving hemodialysis for more than 6 months were included. Health literacy was assessed with the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) test. Vascular access type and reasons for CVC use were determined. Serum K, P, and IDWG were collected retrospectively for 6 months. Student's
t
test and logistic regression were used to determine the association between health literacy (NVS score < 4 versus ≥ 4) and CVC choice, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and high IDWG.

Key Results:

Fifty-six patients were involved. The average NVS score was 2.9. Overall, 66% of the patients had a CVC; one-third had chosen this access themselves. Poor control of K, P, and IDWG was experienced by 27%, 55%, and 36% of patients, respectively. The average NVS score was lower for patients choosing a CVC (
p
= .001), but not different for those with higher K, P, or IDWG. None of the patients who chose a CVC had adequate health literacy (NVS ≥ 4).

Conclusions:

Patients with low health literacy, who are eligible for both surgically created vascular access (fistula or graft) and CVC, are more likely to refuse fistula/graft creation compared to patients with adequate health literacy. Different educational strategies for such patients may help in appropriate decision-making.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2017;1(3):e136–e144.]

Plain Language Summary:
This study suggests that more than one-half of patients who receive hemodialysis may not understand all the information provided by their health care team. Despite a higher risk of complications with a central venous catheter, patients with lower health literacy prefer the catheter over fistula as their blood access for hemodialysis. We need to explore patient education to ensure that information is easy to understand.
New forms of -compactness with respect to hereditary classes
Authors: Qahis Abdo Mohammed 
Published: September 2017

A hereditary class on a set X is a nonempty collection of subsets closed under heredity. The aim of this paper is to introduce and study strong forms of u-compactness in generalized topological spaces with respect to a hereditary class, called SuH-compactness and S- SuH-compactness. Also several of their properties are presented. Finally some eects of various kinds of functions on them are studied.
La compleja configuración de un derecho-libertad poliédrico, el Derecho a la información. Referencias históricas
Authors: Sánchez Ferriz Remedio , Corredoira y Alfonso Loreto 
Published: September 2017

ResumenEste estudio sobre la configuración del derecho a la información trata de poner de relieve las peculiaridades del mismo que explican que, por más que existan precedentes doctrinales bien lejanos, no haya podido constitucionalizarse en Europa hasta avanzado el siglo xx. Debiendo insistir en la necesidad de que no sea confundido con la libertad de expresión, muchas referencias que se hacen en perspectiva histórica tratan justamente de subrayar esa diferencia entre ambosderechos-libertades y por consiguiente se trata de negar que se pueda considerar información lo que solo es expresión. Si bien la mayor soleray maduración de la libertad de expresión tiende a absorver en si misma el derecho a la información como una facultad más de aquella, en el texto se justifica la diversa funcionalidad política de ambos y la diversa fundamentación filosófica de los regímenes que dan cobertura a una y otro.Abstract:This work focuses on the origins of the right to communicate and aims to highlight some of the peculiarities that help explain that, even if there is a legal precedent that dates back centuries, its Constitutional adoption in Europe only happened well into the 20th century. We must insist that this right must not be confused with freedom of expression, as many references that deal with this topic from a historical perspective aim to highlight the differences between bothrights/freedoms. Even if the stronger tradition and development of freedom of expression as a right tends to absorb the right to communicate as one of its parts, this text explains the different political function of both rights and points out the differences in the philosophical foundations of the legal framework that establishes one or the other.
Un vestigio de otros tiempos: el rezo en el Congreso de Estados Unidos
Authors: Cuenca Miranda Alfonso 
Published: September 2017

Resumen:El origen de la institución parlamentaria está íntimamente ligado a la escenografía religiosa. Frente a lo sucedido en el parlamentarismo continental contemporáneo, en donde su eliminación se derivó de la corriente laicizadora propia del período revolucionario, la antigua costumbre de abrir las sesiones parlamentarias con el rezo de una oración ha pervivido en el contexto del parlamentarismo anglosajón, bajo la égida de la praxis seguida en Westminster. En Estados Unidos su origen se halla en las propias sesiones del Congreso Continental y en la conformación del texto constitucional de Filadelfia, celebrándose desde entonces las correspondientes oraciones a cargo de capellanes contratados por las Cámaras. Planteada la constitucionalidad del rezoen las mismas desde la óptica de la Cláusula de Establecimiento (I Enmienda), la Corte Suprema la ha afirmado en dos sentencias (Marsh v. Chambers y Town of Greece v. Galloway) bajo argumentos históricos a condición de no ser proselitistas. La pervivencia de las oraciones parlamentarias se explica en determinados contextos como símbolos o elementos de autoafirmación e integración de la propia institución parlamentaria, conectándose con la denominada religión civil cuya presencia se ha afirmado en el caso norteamericano. Abstract:The origin of Parliaments is closely linked with the religious scenography. In contrast with what happened in the contemporary continental parliamentarism, where its elimination derived from the laicist stream of the revolutionary parliament, the ancient costume consisting of opening the parliamentary sessions with a prayer has survived in the context of the anglo-saxon parliamentarism, under the influence of the praxis followed in Westminster. In the United States its origins coincide with the sessions of the Continental Congress and the approval of the Philadelphia Constitution, since then the prayers have been recited by the chaplains hired by the Chambers. Although it has been disputed the prayer´s constitutionality due to the text of the Establishment Clause (I Amendment), the Supreme Court has confirmed it in two decisions (Marsh v. Chambers y Town of Greece v. Galloway) invoking historic arguments and under the condition that the prayers should not have a proselytizing purpose. Prayer´s survival is explained in certain contexts as elements of self-recognition and integration of the parliamentary institution, connected with the so called civil religion whose presence has been maintained in the U. S.
Obergefell contra Hodges: la sentencia de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos sobre el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo
Authors: Delgado Ramos David 
Published: September 2017

Resumen:El 26 de junio de 2015, la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos, mediante su sentencia Obergefell v. Hodges, consagró la constitucionalidad del matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo, poniendo fin a un intenso y extenso debate que había dividido profundamente a la sociedad estadounidense desde el último tercio del siglo xx. A lo largo de este trabajo se analiza el derecho al matrimonio en los Estados Unidos desde la perspectiva de su marco jurídico-constitucional ysu evolución jurisprudencial, tanto a nivel estatal como federal, para concluir con un análisis de la sentencia Obergefell v. Hodges y sus votos particulares.Abstract:On 26 June 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States through its judgement Obergefell v. Hodges consecrated the constitutionality of same-sex marriage, ending an intensive and extensive debate which had deeply divided American society since the last third of the 20th century. Throughout this work the right to marry in the United States is analyzed from the perspective of its legal frame and its jurisprudential evolution, both at State and federal levels, to conclude with an analysis of Obergefell v. Hodges and their dissenting opinions.
Percepção ambiental dos projetos de conservação dos quelônios do Tocantins, Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos de , Lopes Thays Kelly Marinho , Malvasio Adriana 
Published: September 2017

O presente estudo tem por objetivo contribuir no estudo das comunidades tradicionais com a efetividade dos projetos de conservação dos quelônios e seus derivados, em especial a comunidade do distrito Café da Roça no município de Pium-TO. Utilizou-se questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas privilegiando a opinião dos entrevistados. Identificou-se que os moradores conhecem os projetos de proteção aos quelônios, seus objetivos e quem os executa. Os moradores concordam que os quelônios precisam ser protegidos, porém não abrem mão do consumo, portanto, deve-se associar as comunidades tradicionais como participantes integrais no processo de transformação da sociedade sem perder as características culturais fundamentais que as compõe.
Clinical outcomes in children and adolescents initiating antiretroviral therapy in decentralized healthcare settings in Zimbabwe
Authors: McHugh Grace , Simms Victoria , Dauya Ethel , Bandason Tsitsi , Chonzi Prosper , Metaxa Dafni , Munyati Shungu , Nathoo Kusum , Mujuru Hilda , Kranzer Katharina , Ferrand Rashida A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Decentralized HIV care for adults does not appear to compromise clinical outcomes. HIV care for children poses additional clinical and social complexities. We conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate clinical outcomes in children aged 6–15 years who registered for HIV care at seven primary healthcare clinics (PHCs) in Harare, Zimbabwe.Methods: Participants were recruited between January 2013 and December 2014 and followed for 18 months. Rates of and reasons for mortality, hospitalization and unscheduled PHC attendances were ascertained. Cox proportional modelling was used to determine the hazard of death, unscheduled attendances and hospitalization.Results: We recruited 385 participants, median age 11 years (IQR: 9–13) and 52% were female. The median CD4 count was 375 cells/mm3 (IQR: 215–599) and 77% commenced ART over the study period, with 64% of those who had viral load measured achieving an HIV viral load <400 copies/ml. At 18 months, 4% of those who started ART vs. 24% of those who remained ART‐naïve were lost‐to‐follow‐up (p < 0.001). Hospitalization and mortality rates were low (8.14/100 person‐years (pyrs) and 2.86/100 pyrs, respectively). There was a high rate of unscheduled PHC attendances (34.94/100 pyrs), but only 7% resulted in hospitalization. Respiratory disease was the major cause of hospitalization, unscheduled attendances and death. CD4 count <350cells/mm3 was a risk factor for hospitalization (aHR 3.6 (95%CI 1.6–8.2)).Conclusions: Despite only 64% of participants achieving virological suppression, clinical outcomes were good and high rates of retention in care were observed. This demonstrates that in an era moving towards differentiated care in addition to implementation of universal treatment, decentralized HIV care for children is achievable. Interventions to improve adherence in this age‐group are urgently needed.
Transitioning young adults from paediatric to adult care and the HIV care continuum in Atlanta, Georgia, USA: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hussen Sophia A. , Chakraborty Rana , Knezevic Andrea , Camacho‐Gonzalez Andres , Huang Eugene , Stephenson Rob , del Rio Carlos 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction: The transition from paediatric to adult HIV care is a particularly high‐risk time for disengagement among young adults; however, empirical data are lacking.Methods: We reviewed medical records of 72 youth seen in both the paediatric and the adult clinics of the Grady Infectious Disease Program in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, from 2004 to 2014. We abstracted clinical data on linkage, retention and virologic suppression from the last two years in the paediatric clinic through the first two years in the adult clinic.Results: Of patients with at least one visit scheduled in adult clinic, 97% were eventually seen by an adult provider (median time between last paediatric and first adult clinic visit = 10 months, interquartile range 2–18 months). Half of the patients were enrolled in paediatric care immediately prior to transition, while the other half experienced a gap in paediatric care and re‐enrolled in the clinic as adults. A total of 89% of patients were retained (at least two visits at least three months apart) in the first year and 56% in the second year after transition. Patients who were seen in adult clinic within three months of their last paediatric visit were more likely to be virologically suppressed after transition than those who took longer (Relative risk (RR): 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–2.9; p = 0.03). Patients with virologic suppression (HIV‐1 RNA below the level of detection of the assay) at the last paediatric visit were also more likely to be suppressed at the most recent adult visit (RR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.34–3.9; p = 0.002).Conclusions: Retention rates once in adult care, though high initially, declined significantly by the second year after transition. Pre‐transition viral suppression and shorter linkage time between paediatric and adult clinic were associated with better outcomes post‐transition. Optimizing transition will require intensive transition support for patients who are not virologically controlled, as well as support for youth beyond the first year in the adult setting.
False‐negative HIV tests using oral fluid tests in children taking antiretroviral therapy from Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Olaru Ioana D. , McHugh Grace , Dakshina Suba , Majonga Edith , Dauya Ethel , Bandason Tsitsi , Kranzer Katharina , Mujuru Hilda , Ferrand Rashida A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for HIV infection have high sensitivity and specificity, but in the setting of longstanding antiretroviral therapy (ART), can give false results that can lead to misinterpretation, confusion and inadequate management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of falsely negative results of a RDT performed on oral fluid in HIV‐infected children on longstanding ART.Methods: One hundred and twenty‐nine children with known HIV infection and receiving ART were recruited from the HIV Clinic at the Harare Central Hospital, Zimbabwe. HIV testing was performed on oral fluid and on finger‐stick blood.Results and Discussion: Children included in the study had a median age of 12 years (IQR 10–14) and 67 (51.9%) were female. Median age at HIV diagnosis was 5 years (IQR 3–6) and the median time on ART was 6.3 years (IQR 4.3–8.1). The oral fluid test was negative in 11 (8.5%) patients and indeterminate in 2 (1.6%). Finger‐stick blood test was negative in 1 patient. Patients with a negative oral fluid test had a higher CD4 cell count (967 vs. 723 cells/mm3, p = 0.016) and a longer time on ART (8.5 vs. 6 years, p = 0.016).Conclusions: This study found that a substantial proportion of false‐negative HIV test results in children on longstanding ART when using an oral fluid test. This could lead to misinterpretation of HIV test results and in the false perception of cure or delayed diagnosis.
Effects of tire leachate on the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus and the native congener Aedes triseriatus
Authors: Villena Oswaldo C. , Terry Ivana , Iwata Kayoko , Landa Edward R. , LaDeau Shannon L. , Leisnham Paul T. 
Published: September 2017

Discarded vehicle tire casings are an important artificial habitat for the developmental stages of numerous vector mosquitoes. Discarded vehicle tires degrade under ultraviolet light and leach numerous soluble metals (e.g., barium, cadmium, zinc) and organic substances (e.g., benzothiazole and its derivatives [BZTs], polyaromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) that could affect mosquito larvae that inhabit the tire casing. This study examined the relationship between soluble zinc, a common marker of tire leachate, on mosquito densities in tire habitats in the field, and tested the effects of tire leachate on the survival and development of newly hatched Aedes albopictus and Aedes triseriatus larvae in a controlled laboratory dose-response experiment. In the field, zinc concentrations were as high as 7.26 mg/L in a single tire and averaged as high as 2.39 (SE ± 1.17) mg/L among tires at a single site. Aedes albopictus (37/42 tires, 81.1%) and A. triseriatus (23/42, 54.8%) were the most widespread mosquito species, co-occurred in over half (22/42, 52.4%) of all tires, and A. triseriatus was only collected without A. albopictus in one tire. Aedes triseriatus was more strongly negatively associated with zinc concentration than A. albopictus, and another common mosquito, C. pipiens, which was found in 17 tires. In the laboratory experiment, A. albopictus per capita rate of population change (λ′) was over 1.0, indicating positive population growth, from 0–8.9 mg/L zinc concentration (0–10,000 mg/L tire leachate), but steeply declined to zero from 44.50–89.00 mg/L zinc (50,000–100,000 mg/L tire leachate). In contrast, A. triseriatus λ′ declined at the lower concentration of 0.05 mg/L zinc (100 mg/L tire leachate), and was zero at 0.45, 8.90, 44.50, and 89.00 mg/L zinc (500, 10,000, 50,000 and 100,000 mg/L tire leachate). These results indicate that tire leachate can have severe negative effects on populations of container-utilizing mosquitoes at concentrations commonly found in the field. Superior tolerance to tire leachate of A. albopictus compared to A. triseriatus, and possibly other native mosquito species, may have facilitated the replacement of these native species as A. albopictus has invaded North America and other regions around the world.