bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening emergency pest prevention, preparedness and response: The potential role of the private sector
Authors: Bateman Melanie , Day Roger , Migiro Lorna , Agboyi Lakpo Koku , Gurmessa Negussie E , Romney Dannie , Boafo Hettie Arwo , Doughty Kevin , Ward Andrew , Stewart Melissa 
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the potential role of the private sector, particularly the crop protection industry, in enhancing emergency pest prevention, preparedness and response (EPPPR) in relation to invasive pests. By leveraging their position and knowledge, private companies can contribute significantly to mitigating pest-related risks, enabling sustainable responses. We outline a comprehensive framework for EPPPR, covering prevention, preparedness, early detection, emergency response and integrated pest management, and we discuss how the private sector can contribute to this framework. We highlight the value that greater private sector involvement could bring to emergency pest prevention, preparedness and early pest detection through its on-the-ground networks and data-sharing capabilities with national plant protection organisations. Additionally, we stress the importance of robust and agile regulatory frameworks and policies for creating an enabling environment for the effective management of emergency pest outbreaks. We also emphasise the potential opportunities provided by private sector investment in research and development in driving innovation in pest management technologies. By fostering partnerships with governments, international organisations, local communities and other stakeholders, the private sector can play a vital role in building a resilient agricultural system capable of withstanding pest challenges.
Protective effects of atractylenolide III on oxygen‐glucose‐deprivation/reperfusion‐induced injury in HT22 cells
Authors: Guo Roujia , Quan Siqi , Liu Yuan , Wang Jiahui , Huang Ziyang , Guo Xiuhui , Bai Ming , Xu Erping , Yan Xiangli , Li Yucheng 
Published: September 2024

Background Atractylenolide III (ATL III) is a natural bioactive compound, that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. However, whether ATL III can protect against neuronal injury induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) have not yet been studied. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ATL III on neuronal injury using an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in HT22 cells. Methods Establishment of OGD/R model to induce HT22 cell injury in vitro. Cell viability, live-dead cell staining, oxidative stress levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were detected using kits. Cell apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry, and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 proteins was detected by western blot. Results ATL III significantly alleviates OGD/R-induced cell injury, as evidenced by the increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis rate. ATL III increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The protein expression of Bax and Caspase-3 was downregulated, while Bcl-2 expression was upregulated by ATL III. Conclusion ATL III as a potential therapeutic agent for reducing neuronal injury by mitigating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
The Use of Fatty Acid Amides as Combined Slip and Anti-block Additives
Authors: Maltby Adam , Ruxton Philip 
Published: September 2024

Many current polyolefin film formulations contain fatty acid amides and finely divided inorganic materials such as silica or talc. The amides are normally considered to improve friction and the inorganic materials lower film-to-film adhesion (blocking). However this is a simplistic view, as amides are known to lower blocking themselves and may have synergistic effects with the inorganic materials. By considering the chemical and physical nature of the amide it is possible to produce materials that give good anti-blocking performance, however this usually results in poorer slip characteristics. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to tailor the composition of the amide to give improved anti-blocking performance whilst maintaining the slip properties. The benefit of this approach is reduced inorganic anti-block levels, resulting in improved haze, gloss and clarity.
Nurses navigating moral distress, resilience, and team dynamics: A literature review
Authors: Ansari Natasha , Warner Echo , Taylor-Swanson Lisa , Wilson Rebecca , Van Epps Jake , Iacob Eli , Supiano Katherine 
Published: September 2024

Background This manuscript explores the pervasive issue of moral distress among nurses and its impact on their well-being and professional satisfaction. Focusing on diverse factors contributing to moral distress, the review spans various experience levels and patient care settings. Method Utilizing integrative reviews and sourcing from PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and ProQuest, the study synthesizes findings from studies worldwide. The conceptual framework by Whittemore & Knafl is employed to comprehensively analyze nurses’ experiences. Results Key factors were identified as contributing to moral distress, including concerns about care quality, team dynamics, and insufficient support. Interventions range from light-touch approaches like mentorship programs to resource-intensive strategies such as staff wellness initiatives. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses’ moral distress is also explored. Conclusion Moral distress in nurses leads to burnout and, in some cases, prompts professionals to leave the field. The study emphasizes the need for organizational-level initiatives, support networks, and interventions to address moral distress. Identified gaps in the literature underscore opportunities for future research to better prepare clinicians and advance understanding across experience levels and settings.
Causes of moral distress among midwives: A scoping review
Authors: Rost Michael , Montagnoli Caterina , Eichinger Johanna 
Published: September 2024

Numerous studies have evidenced moral distress among midwives; however, to date no research synthesis on causes of moral distress among midwives has been conducted. A scoping review was carried out to identify, comprehensively map, and categorize possible causes of moral distress among midwives, and to identify knowledge gaps. Six data bases were searched using Boolean logic. To be included, studies had to (a) present empirical findings on (b) causes of moral distress (c) among midwives (d) in English, German, French, or Italian. We included a final set of 43 studies. The vast majority of studies came from high-income countries (83.7%) and used a qualitative approach (69.8%); 48.8% of the studies were published in the past 5 years. Identified single reasons of moral distress were grouped into eight broader clusters, forming a coherent framework of reasons of moral distress: societal disregard, contemporary birth culture, resources, institutional characteristics, interprofessional relationships, interpersonal mistreatment of service users, defensive practice, and challenging care situations. These clusters mostly capture moral distress resulting from a conflict between external constraints and personal moral standards, with a smaller proportion also from an intraindividual conflict between multiple personal moral standards. Despite projected increases in demand for midwives, the midwifery workforce globally faces a crisis and is experiencing substantial strain. Moral distress further exacerbates the shortage of midwives, which negatively affects birth experiences and birth outcomes, ultimately rendering it a public health issue. Our findings offer points of leverage to better monitor and alleviate moral distress among midwives, contributing to reducing attrition rates and improving birth experiences and birth outcomes. Further research is essential to explore the issue of ecological moral distress, develop evidence-based interventions aimed at alleviating moral distress among midwives, and evaluate the effects of both individual and system-level interventions on midwives, intrapartum care, and service users’ outcomes.
Stapled enterectomy reduces surgical time when compared with sutured enterectomy: a retrospective review of 54 cats
Authors: Costello Sorcha , McRae Benjamin , Olive Melanie , Marks Thomas A , Mielke Benjamin , Billet Jean-Philippe , Levien Andrew , Basa Rachel M 
Published: September 2024

Objectives Feline enterectomy is commonly performed in referral and general veterinary practice; however, existing studies in the veterinary literature lack significant case numbers to guide clinical decision-making. In addition, no studies have evaluated the use of surgical staplers in cats for this procedure. This study aimed to compare the use of surgical staplers for functional end-to-end anastomosis (SFEEA) with hand-sewn end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) in cats. Additional aims included investigating the feasibility of surgical staplers in cats as well as assessing short- and long-term complications and outcomes. Methods The medical records of four referral hospitals were retrospectively searched for cats that had undergone enterectomy between 2003 and 2022. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were compared between the SFEEA and EEA groups, with a median long-term follow-up time of 488 days (interquartile range 255–1030). Results In total, 54 cats met the inclusion criteria for this study, with 24 undergoing an SFEEA while 30 underwent EEA. There was a significant difference in surgical time between the two groups. The SFEEA group had a mean surgical time 34.3 ± 9.274 mins faster than the EEA group ( P <0.001). Unique complications reported for the SFEEA group included haemo abdomen and anastomotic stricture. Conclusions and relevance SFEEA should be considered in cats where anaesthetic time should be kept as short as possible, such as patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores of 3–4. Stricture at the anastomotic site may be seen in the long term for cats undergoing SFEEA.
Retrospective analysis of 1028 ultrasound-guided central vascular access in neonates and children
Authors: D’Alessandro Pablo , Siffredi Juan Ignacio , Redondo Pertuz Emiro , Flores Paula , Germán Trinidad Ruiz , Boglione Mariano , Barrenechea Marcelo 
Published: September 2024

Background: The use of real-time ultrasound has become the standard of care for percutaneous central venous access and shown to decrease overall number of attempts and complication rates. Material and method: A retrospective analysis of a prospective database was done focusing on three types of central access: non-tunneled, tunneled, and implantable, placed via ultrasound-guided Brachiocephalic Vein (BCV) between January 2019 and January 2023. Data were recorded: gender, age, weight, side (left or right), number of puncture attempts, arterial puncture, change of operator or puncture side, and mechanical complications (pneumothorax and hemothorax). Results: A total of 1028 non-tunneled, tunneled, and implantable central lines were placed. Five hundred and eighty seven were Male. The children were aged from 0 to 18 years and their weights ranged from 1 to 113 kg. Nine hundred and thirty-five were left BCV. Right BCV was cannulated in 93 patients. Failure to cannulate left BCV was recorded in seven cases. Three arterial punctures were recorded. Cannulation success rate was 97.2% (999/1028) and was higher in left BCV than right BCV ( p < 0.001). Discussion: Based on the above, we believe that ultrasound-guided BCV is an easy and secure method to cannulate children, in our series left BCV showed a higher cannulation success rate rather than right BCV.
Postural supporting cervical traction workstation to improve resting state brain activity in digital device users: EEG study
Authors: Jung Ju-Yeon , Kang Chang-Ki , Kim Young-Bo 
Published: September 2024

Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of postural support workstation on inducing effective brain activity during rest. Methods Thirty-five healthy digital overusers were recruited as participants. We conducted two interventions of head weight support traction (ST) and conventional traction (CT) strength on all participants in random order. Participants’ arousal levels and psychological comfort were assessed. In addition, changes in brain activity caused by traction were confirmed by measuring changes in resting state brain activity using an electroencephalogram (EEG). Results Under the ST condition, psychological comfort improved while alert levels were maintained. In addition the resting brain activity of EEG was characterized by strong focused attention and relaxed activity, as evidenced by increased alpha waves throughout the brain. By contrast, in the CT condition, no significant improvement in comfort was observed. Furthermore, high-frequency brain activity, such as beta 3 and gamma waves, was observed across the entire brain regions. Conclusion In this study, the ST workstation was shown to effectively improve resting attention and psychological comfort in individuals who excessively use digital devices by inducing resting state alpha activity without stimulating high-frequency brain waves, while maintaining an upright posture with appropriate traction.
Digital markers of asthma exacerbations: a systematic review
Authors: Cokorudy Brenda , Harrison Jeff , Chan Amy Hai Yan 
Published: September 2024

Background and objectiveWith the increase in use of digital technologies, there is growing interest in digital markers, where technology is used to detect early markers of disease deterioration. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the evidence relating to digital markers of asthma exacerbations.MethodsA systematic search of the following databases was conducted, using key search terms relating to asthma, digital and exacerbations: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psycinfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies that aimed to explore the relationship between any digitally measured marker and asthma exacerbations using any form of portable digital sensor technology were included.Results23 papers were included. The digital markers related to five key categories: environmental, physiological, medication, lung function and breath-related parameters. The most commonly studied marker was lung function, which was reported in over half (13 out of 23) of the papers. However, studies were conflicting in terms of the use of lung function parameters as a predictor of asthma exacerbations. Medication parameters were measured in over a third of the studies (10 out of 23) with a focus on short-acting β-agonist (SABA) use as a marker of exacerbations. Only four and two studies measured heart rate and cough, respectively; however, both parameters were positively associated with exacerbations in all reported studies.ConclusionSeveral digital markers are associated with asthma exacerbations. This suggests a potential role for using parameters such as heart rate, SABA use and, potentially, cough as digital markers of asthma exacerbations.
The lung proteome in HIV-associated obstructive lung disease (OLD)
Authors: Samorodnitsky Sarah , Weise Danielle , Lock Eric F. , Kunisaki Ken M. , Morris Alison , Leung Janice M. , Kruk Monica , Parker Laurie , Jagtap Pratik , Griffin Timothy J. , Wendt Chris H. 
Published: September 2024

RationaleObstructive lung disease is increasingly common among persons living with HIV (PLWH). There are currently no validated biomarkers that identify individuals at risk of developing obstructive lung disease (OLD) and specific mechanisms contributing to HIV-associated OLD remain elusive, independent of smoking.ObjectivesWe sought to identify biomarkers and biological pathways associated with OLD using a broad proteomic approach.MethodsWe performed tandem mass tagging and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from persons living with HIV with OLD (n=26) and without OLD (n=26). We combined untargeted MS with a targeted SomaScan aptamer-based approach. We used Pearson correlation tests to identify associations between each protein and lung function (FEV1pp). We adjusted for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment. Significant proteins were entered into a pathway overrepresentation analysis. Protein-driven endotypes were constructed using K-means clustering.Measurements and main resultsWe identified over 3800 proteins by MS and identified 254 proteins that correlated with FEV1pp when we combined the MS and SomaScan proteomes when adjusting for smoking status. Pathway analysis revealed cell adhesion molecules as significant.ConclusionsProtein expression differs in the lung of PWH and decreased lung function (FEV1pp). Pathway analysis reveals cell adhesion molecules having potentially important roles in this process.
BOS-318 treatment enhances elexacaftor–tezacaftor–ivacaftor-mediated improvements in airway hydration and mucociliary transport
Authors: Douglas Lisa E.J. , Reihill James A. , Martin S. Lorraine 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) triple modulator therapy, elexacaftor–tezacaftor–ivacaftor (ETI) has transformed care for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have eligible mutations. It is, however, not curative. Response to treatment also varies and lung disease, although slowed, remains progressive. We have previously demonstrated inhibition of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by selective furin inhibition to be an alternative, mutation-agnostic approach that can enhance airways hydration and restore mucociliary transport (MCT) in CF. Inhibition of furin therefore, offers a potential therapeutic strategy for those ineligible, intolerant or nonresponsive to ETI and may provide a further opportunity for clinical benefit for those currently treated with ETI. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of furin inhibition on ETI responses to assess its utility as an adjunct therapy.MethodsDifferentiated primary CF human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were treated with the highly selective furin inhibitor BOS-318 and with ETI. Ion channel function was measured using a 24-channel Transepithelial Current Clamp (TECC-24) system and airways surface hydration was investigated by measuring airway surface liquid (ASL) height and MCT rate.ResultsThe presence of BOS-318 had no effect on the ability of ETI to stimulate CFTR-mediated Cl−secretion but contributed a reduced Na+transportviarobust inhibition of ENaC. This altered ion transport profile effected an improved ASL height and MCT rate, which were significantly greater than improvements observed with ETI alone, demonstrating the benefits of the dual approach.ConclusionsSelective furin inhibition has the potential to further improve clinical outcomes for all people with CF and offers opportunity as an adjunct to improve responses to currently available CFTR modulator therapies.
Enzymatic TherapyversusVATS for pleural infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Jonge Weija R. , Smits Bo , Ket Johannes C.F. , Altenburg Josje , Annema Jouke , Daniels Johannes M.A. , Dickhoff Chris , van Dorp Martijn , Braun Jerry , Korevaar Daniel A. , Heineman David J. 
Published: September 2024

QuestionParapneumonic pleural infections are frequently encountered, but the optimal treatment regimen remains controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether immediate video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has advantages over intrapleural enzymatic therapy (IET).MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection till November 2023 and included studies comparing IET and VATS in adult patients with parapneumonic pleural infections. Primary outcome was length of hospital stay (LOS), secondary outcomes included mortality and morbidity. Study quality was assessed using ROBINS-I and RoB 2. Inverse variance random-effects meta-analysis was performed.ResultsWe screened 2263 articles, eight were included in the final analysis, covering 1023 patients (n=465 IET (mostly single agent IET); n=558 VATS). Six were non-randomized studies (n=5 with serious risk of bias) comprising 964 patients, and two were small, randomized feasibility studies (n=1 with high risk of bias), comprising 59 patients. In the meta-analysis, LOS in non-randomized studies was shorter for patients treated by VATS (mean difference 4.2 days; 95%CI 1.5 to 7.0). However, no significant difference was reported in the randomized feasibility studies. Mortality and morbidity rates showed no significant difference.InterpretationIn this meta-analysis of non-randomized studies with a high risk of selection bias, VATS appears superior to IET regarding LOS in the treatment of parapneumonic pleural infections, without increased mortality and morbidity rate. Two recently published randomized feasibility studies failed to confirm this finding, but were not designed to detect a difference in LOS. This meta-analysis highlights the need for high quality studies.
Lung volumes by computed tomography and plethysmography: are we measuring the same? CanCOLD study data
Authors: Mraz Tobias L. , Kirby Miranda , Breyer-Kohansal Robab , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Tan Wan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMeasurement of lung volumes forms an integral part of pulmonary function testing. Lung volumes determined by computed tomography (CT) scans are well established, but the comparability to other methods like plethysmography in large cohorts remains in question.MethodsCanCOLD is a prospective longitudinal cohort study from Canada, including three matched groups of individuals with COPD I–II, smokers at risk and healthy controls. All participants underwent lung volume measurement by plethysmography and CT, using inspiratory and expiratory imaging. We compared total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) in the different cohorts between plethysmography and CT.ResultsData from 1235 (518 females) individuals were analysed. Baseline characteristics were comparable in all three groups. Significant differences between CT and plethysmography could be observed in all groups, with consistently higher TLC and lower RV by plethysmography, respectively. Correlation was strong for TLC between the methods of measurement with a very stable bias of about 1.68 L for all groups, but the correlation was only low/moderate for RV. Variability of differences seemed to be higher for RV. No correction for supine position or dead airspace was used for CT-based measurements.ConclusionMeasurement of TLC and RV by plethysmography yields higher and lower values than by CT, respectively, so results of the different methods should not be used interchangeably.