bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhythmic Rhymes for Boosting Phonological Awareness in Socially Disadvantaged Children
Authors: Kuppen Sarah E. A. , Bourke Emilie 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the ability for two rhythmic rhyming programs to raise phonological awareness in the early literacy classroom. Year 1 (5–6‐year‐olds) from low socioeconomic status schools in Bedfordshire, learned a program of sung or spoken rhythmic rhymes, or acted as controls. The project ran with two independent cohorts (Cohort 1 N = 98, Cohort 2 N = 136). Program‐related gains from pre‐ to post‐tests of phonological awareness (Rhyme Detection, Rhyme Production, and Phoneme Deletion), were statistically significant with the exception of Rhyme Detection in the Spoken group (Cohort 1) and Rhyme Production in the Sung group (Cohort 2). The Spoken program achieved medium and large effect sizes for Cohort 1 on measures of rhyming awareness (although the effect size was small for Cohort 2). Comparatively, the Sung program was associated with smaller effects (small, negligible, or with a small positive effect for Controls) across tasks and cohorts.
Freezing does not alter multiscale tendon mechanics and damage mechanisms in tension
Authors: Lee Andrea H. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is common in biomechanics to use previously frozen tissues, where it is assumed that the freeze–thaw process does not cause consequential mechanical or structural changes. We have recently quantified multiscale tendon mechanics and damage mechanisms using previously frozen tissue, where damage was defined as an irreversible change in the microstructure that alters the macroscopic mechanical parameters. Because freezing has been shown to alter tendon microstructures, the objective of this study was to determine if freezing alters tendon multiscale mechanics and damage mechanisms. Multiscale testing using a protocol that was designed to evaluate tendon damage (tensile stress–relaxation followed by unloaded recovery) was performed on fresh and previously frozen rat tail tendon fascicles. At both the fascicle and fibril levels, there was no difference between the fresh and frozen groups for any of the parameters, suggesting that there is no effect of freezing on tendon mechanics. After unloading, the microscale fibril strain fully recovered, and interfibrillar sliding only partially recovered, suggesting that the tendon damage is localized to the interfibrillar structures and that mechanisms of damage are the same in both fresh and previously frozen tendons.
Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation for mandibular condyle osteoarthritis lesions in rats
Authors: Kanaguchi Arita A , Yonemitsu I , Ikeda Y , Miyazaki M , Ono T 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThis study evaluated low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound effects for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in adult rats.Material and methodsOsteoarthritis‐like lesions were induced in 24 adult rats’ temporomandibular joints with low‐dose mono‐iodoacetate injections. The rats were divided into four groups: control and mono‐iodoacetate groups, injected with contrast media and mono‐iodoacetate, respectively, at 12 weeks and observed until 20 weeks; and low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound and mono‐iodoacetate + low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound groups, injected with contrast media and mono‐iodoacetate, respectively, at 12 weeks with low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound performed from 16 to 20 weeks. Condylar bone mineral density, bone mineral content and bone volume were evaluated weekly with microcomputed tomography. Histological and immunohistochemical staining for matrix metalloproteinases‐13 was performed at 20 weeks.ResultsAt 20 weeks, the mono‐iodoacetate + low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound group showed significantly higher bone mineral density, bone mineral content and bone volume than the mono‐iodoacetate group; however, these values remained lower than those in the other two groups. On histological and immunohistochemical analysis, the chondrocytes were increased, and fewer matrix metalloproteinases‐13 immunopositive cells were identified in the mono‐iodoacetate + low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound group than mono‐iodoacetate group.ConclusionsLow‐intensity pulsed ultrasound for 2 weeks may have therapeutic potential for treating temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis lesions.
Changes in paced signals may predict in‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Attin Mina , Rosero Spencer Z. , Ding Jimmy , Nolan Scot , Tucker Rebecca 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of patients with chronic illnesses have implanted cardiac rhythm devices such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs). This study was conducted to identify potentially useful predictors of in‐hospital cardiac arrest (I‐HCA) within paced electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from cardiovascular patients with implanted medical devices.MethodsIn this retrospective study of 17 subjects, full‐disclosure ECG traces prior to the time of documented I‐HCA were analyzed to determine R‐R intervals and QRS durations (QRSd).ResultsVentricular paced QRSd prolongation was observed prior to I‐HCA in 10/16 (63%) subjects. QRSd was significantly greater immediately preceding cardiac arrest than during each of the 8 hours prior to cardiac arrest (P < 0.05). Heart rate changes (measured using standard deviation) within 15 minutes of cardiac arrest were significantly greater in subjects with pulseless electrical activity (PEA)/asystolic arrest compared to those with cardiac arrests due to ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) (10.13 vs 3.31; P = 0.024). Significant differences over the 8 hours preceding cardiac arrest in heart rate (74 vs 86 beats/min; P = 0.002) and QRS duration (172 ms vs 137 ms; P < 0.001) were observed between subjects with initial rhythms of VT/VF and those with initial rhythms of PEA/asystole.ConclusionsPatterns of diagnostic ECG features can be extracted from the telemetry data of patients with implanted medical devices prior to adverse events including I‐HCA. The detection of these significant changes might have an immediate prognostic impact on the timely treatment of some patients at risk of adverse events.
Sputum TWEAK expression correlates with severity and degree of control in non‐eosinophilic childhood asthma
Authors: Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Jong Deok , Sol In Suk , Kim Min Jung , Kim Mi Na , Hong Jung Yeon , Kim Hye Ran , Kim Yoon Hee , Lee Yong Ju , Kim Kyung Won , Sohn Myung Hyun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundTumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. However, no study has been performed on childhood asthma.MethodsNinety‐five children with asthma and 78 controls aged 5‐18 years were included. Sputum induction, pulmonary function test (PFT), and methacholine challenge test were performed. The subjects were divided into the eosinophilic airway (EA) and non‐EA (NEA) groups based on sputum analysis and into the high and low TWEAK groups according to the TWEAK cutoff level (263.0 pg/mL). TWEAK in induced sputum supernatant was measured through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsChildren with asthma had higher TWEAK levels than healthy controls (493.0 [157.1‐904.3] vs 118.2 (67.5‐345.5) pg/mL, P < .001). Sputum TWEAK levels were significantly correlated with PFT parameters reflecting airway obstruction. This association was particularly prominent in subjects with NEA inflammation. Significant differences in FEF25‐75 (maximum mid‐expiratory flow, % predicted; P = .017), AX (reactance area; P < .001), R5‐R20 (difference between resistance at 5 and 20 Hz; P = .025), and X5 (reactance at 5 Hz, % predicted; P < .001) were noted between the high and low TWEAK groups within the NEA group. Sputum TWEAK level also showed significant positive correlations with asthma severity (r = .358, P = .001) and control status (r = .470, P < .001), distinctively in subjects with NEA inflammation.ConclusionsAirway TWEAK may play a role in small airway inflammation especially in children with non‐eosinophilic asthma.
Sustained tachyarrhythmia in children younger than 1 year of age: Six year single‐center experience
Authors: Tunca Sahin Gulhan , Ozturk Erkut , Kasar Taner , Guzeltas Alper , Ergul Yakup 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the results of non‐operational sustained tachyarrhythmia in patients <1 year of age at the present center.MethodsBetween November 2010 and November 2016, the demographic characteristics, type and localization of the tachyarrhythmia, echocardiographic findings, and medical and/or ablation therapy for patients <1 year of age with sustained tachyarrhythmia were evaluated.ResultsOf 99 patients, 91 had sustained supraventricular tachycardia, and eight had sustained ventricular tachycardia. The median age was 30 days (range, 1–350 days), and the median weight was 4.2 kg (range, 2–13 kg). The common symptoms were palpitation and restlessness (n = 49, 49.5%), or the tachycardia was detected during routine inspection (n = 25, 25.3%) or fetal echocardiography (n = 11, 11.1%). Nineteen individuals (19%) had left ventricular (LV) dysfunction on first echocardiography. Twenty individuals had congenital heart disease. Common diagnoses were Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome (n = 27), focal atrial tachycardia (n = 10), permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia(n = 6), and atrial flutter (n = 6). Seventeen patients underwent medical therapy combined with cardioversion. The most commonly used abortive and acute therapy agents were adenosine, esmolol, and amiodarone. The most common combination therapy was propranolol and amiodarone, followed by a propranolol and propafenone combination. Nine individuals were treated with catheter ablation due to either resistance to medical therapy or LV dysfunction.ConclusionsTachyarrhythmias in children <1 year of age are mostly caused by accessory pathways and require multidrug therapy. Catheter ablation is an effective alternative therapy in the case of resistance to medical therapy and/or LV dysfunction.
Visually enhanced education and immunization perceptions in low‐income parents
Authors: Papapchrisanthou Michelle M. , Loman Deborah G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveDespite immunizations being an effective health promotion intervention, about 28% of children are not up‐to‐date on the combined seven‐vaccine series by 35 months of age in the United States. Identifying innovative techniques to increase immunization literacy is crucial to the health and well‐being of children.Design and SampleBased on the theory of multimedia learning, this study examined whether the use of visually enhanced education (VEE) positively impacted parental perception of immunization effectiveness, perceived knowledge of disease, comfort with immunization decision making, and satisfaction with the provider. Forty parents of infants 4–14 days old that could read English.InterventionParents completed a questionnaire with 12 items in four categories during the initial visit (4–14 days old) before VEE and at the second visit (17–37 days later) after the second VEE session had been completed.ResultsA paired sample t test revealed a significant increase in two of the four categories (i.e., perceived knowledge of the disease [t(37) = 8.73, p = .000] and satisfaction with the provider [t(37) = 2.68, p = .011]. Cohen's effect size value suggested high practical significance in one of the four categories (i.e., perceived knowledge of disease d = 1.31, d = 1.42, d = 1.18, d = 1.05, d = 1.12). Cronbach's alpha for the 12 items was 0.852.ConclusionsVEE may be an innovative technique for improving parental immunization health literacy and increasing parent‐professional communication about immunizations.
Small but attractive: female‐biased nectar production and floral visitors in a dimorphic shrub
Authors: Cervantes C. , Alvarez A. , Cuevas E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

In sexually dimorphic species, hermaphrodite flowers in gynodioecious species or male flowers in dioecious species are often larger and produce more nectar than their conspecific female flowers. As a consequence, hermaphrodite or male flowers frequently receive more pollinator visits.

Sex ratio, flower size, floral display, nectar production and floral visits were evaluated in two natural populations of Fuchsia thymifolia, a morphologically gynodioecious but functionally subdioecious insect‐pollinated shrub.

Sex ratio did not differ from the expected 1:1 in the two studied populations. As expected, hermaphrodite flowers were larger than female flowers, but in contrast to the general pattern, hermaphrodite flowers did not produce nectar or produced much less than female flowers. Flower visitors were flies (68%) and bumblebees (24%), both of which showed a preference for female flowers. No sex difference was detected in either flower longevity or floral display across the flowering season.

Higher nectar production by females may attract more pollinators, and may be a strategy to enhance female reproductive success in this species. Finally, floral dimorphism and insect preferences did not seem to hamper the maintenance of sub‐dioecy or prevent the evolution of dioecy in F. thymifolia.
Haptic augmented skin surface generation toward telepalpation from a mobile skin image
Authors: Kim K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground/purposeVery little is known about the methods of integrating palpation techniques to existing mobile teleskin imaging that delivers low quality tactile information (roughness) for telepalpation. However, no study has been reported yet regarding telehaptic palpation using mobile phone images for teledermatology or teleconsultations of skincare.MethodsThis study is therefore aimed at introducing a new algorithm accurately reconstructing a haptic augmented skin surface for telehaptic palpation using a low‐cost clip‐on microscope simply attached to a mobile phone. Multiple algorithms such as gradient‐based image enhancement, roughness‐adaptive tactile mask generation, roughness‐enhanced 3D tactile map building, and visual and haptic rendering with a three‐degrees‐of‐freedom (DOF) haptic device were developed and integrated as one system.ResultsEvaluation experiments have been conducted to test the performance of 3D roughness reconstruction with/without the tactile mask. The results confirm that reconstructed haptic roughness with the tactile mask is superior to the reconstructed haptic roughness without the tactile mask. Additional experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is robust against varying lighting conditions and blurring. In last, a user study has been designed to see the effect of the haptic modality to the existing visual only interface and the results attest that the haptic skin palpation can significantly improve the skin exam performance.ConclusionMobile image‐based telehaptic palpation technology was proposed, and an initial version was developed. The developed technology was tested with several skin images and the experimental results showed the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of the performance of haptic augmentation of real skin images.
Sensitive skin in Korean population: An epidemiological approach
Authors: Kim Y. R. , Cheon H. I. , Misery L. , Taieb C. , Lee Y. W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground/PurposeSensitive skin is characterized by uncomfortable sensations in response to multiple factors that do not normally have irritant properties. We used an epidemiological approach to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of sensitive skin in a Korean population, and compared the results with those of populations from other countries.MethodsA representative nationwide sample of 1000 Koreans aged ≥15 years was selected. The methodology used in this study (questionnaires) was the same as that used in similar studies conducted in other countries.ResultsSensitive skin was present in 56.8% of the Koreans. The prevalence of sensitive skin was highest among countries such as the USA (44.6%), Europe (38.4%), Russia (39.7%), Brazil (34.2%), and Japan (54.5%). Participants with sensitive skin were more likely to accompany skin disorders than those with non‐sensitive skin (72.3% vs 38.0%; P < .001). Sensitive skin group were 2‐3 times more reactive to climatic and environmental factors, cosmetics, and food items than non‐sensitive skin group.ConclusionThe prevalence of sensitive skin in Korea is the highest among countries in which such investigation has been conducted. The sensitive skin group appears more likely to experience dermatological reactions to unexpected factors than the non‐sensitive skin group.
Interpretation of low reactivity in the Abbott Architect rHTLV I/II assay
Authors: Tosswill J. H. C. , Taylor G. P. 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYObjectiveThe objective of this study is to reduce donor tissue wastage.AimThe aim of this study is to determine, in the case of the Abbott Architect rHTLV I/II assay, whether a signal/cut‐off (S/CO) ratio higher than the manufacturer's recommendation of 1·0 could be applied to diagnose significant HTLV‐1 seroreactivity.BackgroundThe detection of human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) infection is primarily based on serology often utilising random access platforms. Although current assays have high sensitivity and specificity, in low‐prevalence regions, significant numbers of false‐positive reactions occur. A comprehensive follow‐up is difficult within the time frame of organ donation. This can lead to donor tissue wastage.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 12 250 samples previously tested on the Abbott Architect rHTLV I/II platform and further tested by confirmatory serology/molecular detection to determine the sensitivity and positive predictive value in the S/CO ratio range was conducted.ResultsWhere the sample S/CO ratio was >20 (n = 498), HTLV infection was confirmed in all but eight subjects. All of these eight had indeterminate confirmatory results, and none were found to be uninfected. Conversely, in the samples within the S/CO ratio range 1–4 (n = 271), no subject was subsequently found to be HTLV‐infected although HTLV infection could not be excluded in all cases, primarily due to lack of follow‐up samples (n = 60/271).ConclusionsSamples with an S/CO ratio of <4·0 on the Abbott Architect rHTLV I/II platform represent a low risk of HTLV infection in the UK, and organs from such donors might reasonably be considered for transplantation, within the context of appropriate risk–benefit assessment.
Pre‐hospital transfusion of red blood cells in civilian trauma patients
Authors: Rehn M. , Weaver A. E. , Eshelby S. , Røislien J. , Lockey D. J. 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYIntroductionThe current management of severely injured patients includes damage control resuscitation strategies that minimise the use of crystalloids and emphasise earlier transfusion of red blood cells (RBC) to prevent coagulopathy. In 2012, London's air ambulance (LAA) became the first UK civilian pre‐hospital service to routinely carry RBC to the trauma scene.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of pre‐hospital RBC transfusion (phRTx) on overall blood product consumption.MethodsA retrospective trauma database study compares before implementation with after implementation of phRTx in exsanguinating trauma patients transported directly to one major trauma centre. Pre‐hospital deaths were excluded. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses on data subject to multiple imputation were conducted.ResultsWe included 137 and 128 patients in the before and after the implementation of phRTx groups, respectively. LAA transfused 304 RBC units (median 2, inter quartile range 1–3). We found a significant reduction in total RBC usage and reduced early use of platelets and fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) after the implementation of phRTx in both univariate (P < 0·001) and multivariate analyses (P < 0·001). No immediate adverse transfusion reactions were identified.ConclusionPre‐hospital trauma transfusion practice is feasible and associated with overall reduced RBC, platelets and FFP consumption.
The effect of fasting on gastrointestinal motility in healthy dogs as assessed by sonography
Authors: Sanderson Jillian J. , Boysen Søren R. , McMurray Jantina M. , Lee Albert , Stillion Jenefer R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of fasting on gastrointestinal (GI) motility in healthy dogs, as detected by 2D ultrasound.DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity Distributed Veterinary Learning Community.AnimalsTen healthy client‐owned dogs.InterventionsDogs were fasted 24 hours following regular feeding. After this first feeding and during the 24 hour fasting period, 2D ultrasound was performed to detect sonographically visible GI contractions of the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum/ileum at T = 30 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours. Dogs were then fed a second meal after the 24‐hour fast and ultrasound was repeated 30 minutes later (T = 24.5 h). Each site was scanned twice at each time point. Each scan lasted 3 minutes. The results were averaged and then divided by 3 to determine contractions per minute. One‐way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's comparison test was used to detect statistical differences over time for each site examined.Measurements and Main ResultsThe mean GI contraction rates in the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum/ileum at T12 and T24 were significantly lower than the GI contraction rates at T30, T3, T6, and T24.5 (P < 0.05). The mean GI contraction rates in the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum/ileum at T30, T3, T6, and T24.5 were not statistically different from each other.ConclusionsResults of this study show that 2D sonography can be used to evaluate GI motility in dogs and that GI contraction rate decreases significantly in the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum/ileum after 12–24 hours of fasting.