bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGOLAHAN GONDORUKEM MENJADI BAHAN PENDARIHAN SEBAGAI ADITIF PADA PEMBUATAN KERTAS
Authors: Khadafi Mahammad , Rostika Ike , Hidayat Taufan 
Published: August 2017

Gondorukem (Resina colophium) is produced by steam distillation of pine resin (oleoresin). It is yellow-brown solid containing mainly tricyclic alkyl organic acids (abietat acid and pimarate acid). The two acids have ampliphilic characteristics due to their hydrophobic carboxyl tail and hydrophilic tricyclic molecules. The purpose of this research was to prepare emulsion rosin as a sizing agent. Two types of gondorukem (WW and X grades) were saponified by adding a sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature below 100oC. For improving the quality of saponified rosins, the rosins were fortified by adding some maleic anhydride. Some tests were conducted to measure saponified and acidic numbers of a known rosin grade. The tests show that the acidic and saponified numbers of an X grade rosin were 179.92 and 199.74, respectively. Those of a WW grade were 176.58 and 195.84 for acidic and saponified numbers, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the X grade gondorukem has a better quality as a rosin sizing agent than the WW grade.Keywords: gondorukem, saponification, sizing agent, fortified rosin ABSTRAK Gondorukem (Resina colophium) adalah hasil olahan destilasi uap dari getah sadapan pada batang pinus (oleoresin). Gondorukem berbentuk padatan berwarna kuning kecoklatan dengan komponen kimia utamanya terdiri dari asam organik alkyl tricyclic tak jenuh yaitu asam abietat dan asam pimarat. Kedua molekul asam ini memiliki sifat amfipatik yaitu mempunyai gugus karboksil yang bersifat hidrofilik dan molekul tricyclic yang hidrofobik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pembuatan darih rosin emulsi dari gondorukem serbuk sebagai aditif pada pembuatan kertas. Gondorukem dengan kualitas WW dan X dilakukan reaksi saponifikasi menggunakan soda pada suhu di bawah 100oC. Peningkatan kualitas dari rosin tersabunkan yang terbentuk dilakukan dengan reaksi fortifikasi menjadi rosin terfortifikasi dengan penambahan senyawa anhidrida maleat. Parameter uji berupa bilangan penyabunan dan bilangan asam dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas darih rosin yang terbentuk. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bilangan asam dan penyabunan kualitas X adalah 179,92 dan 199,74 sedangkan untuk kualitas WW 176,58 dan 195,84. Dengan hasil pengujian kualitas bahan baku gondorukem X mempunyai kualitas yang lebih baik untuk dijadikan darih rosin pada kertas dibandingkan dengan WW.Kata kunci: gondorukem, saponifikasi, bahan pendarihan, rosin terfortifikasi
KARAKTERISTIK PULP KIMIA MEKANIS DARI KENAF (<i>Hibiscus cannabinus L.</i>) UNTUK KERTAS LAINER
Authors: Kardiansyah Teddy , Sugesty Susi 
Published: August 2017

Liner paper is commonly used for packaging because of its high bursting and ring crush strength. To meet these properties, liner paper strength relies on about 10-40% content of NUKP (Needle Unbleached Kraft Pulp). Currently, Indonesia does not produce NUKP, so it must be imported and the price is expensive. Liners paper in Indonesia is usually made from waste paper (old corrugated containers) that has unacceptable strength properties. To improve the strength properties, virgin pulp should be used. This study aimed to make virgin pulp from kenaf by chemimechanical process. Its physical strength was tested as a NUKP substitute. The results show that Kenaf mechanical pulp from Kenaf bast treated by using 6% sodium hydroxide solution fulfills the NUKP specifications according to SNI- 6106-1999, i.e. a fiber length of 4.24 mm, a freeness of 760 mL CSF, a tensile index of 66.54 Nm/g, a burst index of 5.72 kPam2/g, and a tear index of 18.09 mNm2/g.Keywords: nonwood, chemimechanical pulp, kenaf, bast, core ABSTRAK Kertas lainer merupakan kertas industri yang digunakan untuk kemasan, dengan sifat ketahanan retak dan ketahanan tekan lingkar (ring crush) yang tinggi. Untuk mendapatkan kedua sifat tersebut maka biasanya kekuatan kertas lainer bertumpu pada penggunaan NUKP (pulp kraft serat panjang belum putih) dengan proporsi sekitar 10 – 40%. Saat ini Indonesia tidak memproduksi NUKP sehingga kebutuhan NUKP harus diimpor dan harganya mahal. Kertas lainer di Indonesia pada saat ini hampir semuanya dibuat dari karton bekas, disamping itu pengolahan karton bekas memiliki masalah pada kekuatan lembaran. Jika pembuatan karton menggunakan serat asli (virgin pulp), maka masalah kekuatan lembaran dapat diatasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pulp dari Kenaf dengan proses kimia mekanis. Bahan baku nonkayu yaitu kenaf dibuat pulp mekanis dengan menggunakan proses Chemimechanical Pulp (CMP). Selanjutnya pulp mekanis yang diperoleh diuji kekuatan fisiknya untuk melihat potensinya sebagai pulp NUKP. Pulp mekanis kenaf yang berasal dari kulit kenaf dengan penggunaan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) 6% telah memenuhi spesifikasi pulp NUKP sesuai dengan SNI 6106-1999, yaitu panjang serat 4,24 mm, freeness 760 mL CSF, indeks tarik 66,54 Nm/g, indeks retak 5,72 kPam2/g dan indeks sobek 18,09 mNm2/g.Kata kunci: non kayu, pulp kimia mekanis, kenaf, kulit, batang tanpa kulit
OPTIMASI BIOPROSES MODIFIKASI PERMUKAAN SERAT UNTUK PENINGKATAN KEKUATAN KERTAS
Authors: Hidayat Taufan , Elyani Nina , Purwita Chandra Apriana 
Published: August 2017

Fiber surface modification is a main process to improve paper quality. It is usually done mechanically through refining process. In this research the modification was done microbiologically by using Acetobacter xylinum. In principle, this process is carried out by growing bacterial cellulose on the fiber surface, which is similar to fibrillation by mechanical action. The modification was done at the short fibers at 5 duration reaction times and 4 level agitation speeds. The experiments were conducted in a 75 liter active volume bioreactor filled with a liquid inorganic media, 0.75% pulp consistency, at 30°C temperature, and pH 5.5. The washed pulp was then turned into sheets for testing purposes. The experiments show that at 37.5 Hz agitation speed and 1-3 hours reaction time, the paper strength and structure improve effectively. In addition, this optimized process also shows a potential energy saving up to 17.24% at agitation speed of 25,0 Hz.Keywords: fiber surface modification, Acetobacter xylinum, paper strength, short fibers ABSTRAK Modifikasi permukaan serat adalah proses inti pembuatan kertas untuk meningkatkan kualitas kertas. Pada umumnya modifikasi permukaan serat dilakukan secara mekanis melalui proses penggilingan. Pada penelitian ini modifikasi permukaan serat dilakukan secara mikrobiologis menggunakan Acetobacter xylinum. Proses ini berlangsung dengan cara menumbuhkan bakteri pembentuk selulosa pada permukaan serat sehingga serat terfibrilasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada serat pendek dengan variasi 5 durasi waktu reaksi dan 4 tingkat kecepatan agitasi. Proses modifikasi dilakukan dalam bioreaktor dengan volume aktif 75 liter menggunakan media anorganik cair, pada konsistensi pulp 0,75%, suhu 30°C, dan pH 5,5. Pulp hasil reaksi dicuci kemudian dibuat lembaran untuk diuji karakteristik fisiknya. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi kecepatan agitasi 37,5 Hz dan waktu inkubasi 1-3 jam, bioproses modifikasi serat efektif untuk meningkatkan kekuatan kertas, memperbaiki struktur lembaran kertas, dan berpeluang menghemat energi sebesar 17,24% pada kecepatan agitasi 25,0 Hz.Kata kunci: modifikasi permukaan serat, Acetobacter xylinum, kekuatan kertas, serat pendek
De la bande dessinée comme de la littérature
Authors: Rhéault Sylvain 
Published: August 2017

﻿On range sous la bannière de la littérature des genres comme la
poésie, le roman et le théâtre. La bande dessinée, quant à elle,
se voit reléguée aux oubliettes de la paralittérature (même si on
n'entend plus beaucoup ce mot aujourd'hui) avec le roman
policier, le polar et la science fiction. Pourtant, la distance
entre la représentation d'une pièce de Racine et un poème
d'Éluard n'est-elle pas plus grande que celle entre un roman à
caractère autobiographique d'Amélie Nothomb et une bande dessinée
de Marjane Satrapi? Nous proposons d'examiner l'oeuvre Persepolis
de Marjane Satrapi qui se démarque nettement de la production
traditionnelle par des choix originaux de sujets et de styles.
Nous analyserons les caractéristiques de Persepolis en tant
qu'oeuvre représentative d’une nouvelle école de bande dessinée.
Seront examinés entre autres les choix de format (couverture,
nombre de pages, en noir et blanc), de forme (dessin
essentialiste) et de fond (autobiographie, expérimentation) qui
se comparent avantageusement avec ceux de la littérature
contemporaine.
Pertinence ou non-pertinence des injures racistes dans les dictionnaires
Authors: Farid Georges 
Published: August 2017

Le présent article vise à relever, dans les dictionnaires, les injures racistes et les mots
péjoratifs liés aux appellations offensantes de peuples. Nous voulons rendre problématique la
présence de ces injures, réveiller les lexicographes de leur sommeil dogmatique, et soumettre
à un examen critique, dénué de complaisance, la dénomination sclérosée d’année en année,
des injures racistes accompagnées parfois des mêmes citations offensantes.
Numerical Simulations of Particle Acceleration at Interplanetary Quasi-perpendicular Shocks
Authors: Kong F.-J. , Qin G. , Zhang L.-H. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Using test particle simulations we study particle acceleration at highly perpendicular (

) shocks under conditions of modeling magnetic turbulence. We adopt a backward-in-time method to solve the Newton–Lorentz equation using the observed shock parameters for quasi-perpendicular interplanetary shocks, and compare the simulation results with ACE/EPAM observations to obtain the injection energy and timescale of particle acceleration. With our modeling and observations, we find that a large upstream speed is responsible for efficient particle acceleration. Our results also show that the quasi-perpendicular shocks are capable of accelerating thermal particles to high energies of the order of MeV for both kappa and Maxwellian upstream distributions, which may originate from the fact that in our model, the local background magnetic field has a component parallel to the shock normal.
A millimeter Continuum Size–Luminosity Relationship for Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Tripathi Anjali , Andrews Sean M. , Birnstiel Tilman , Wilner David J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present a survey at subarcsecond resolution of the 340 GHz dust continuum emission from 50 nearby protoplanetary disks, based on new and archival observations with the Submillimeter Array. The observed visibility data were modeled with a simple prescription for the radial surface brightness profile. The results were used to extract intuitive, empirical estimates of the emission “size” for each disk,

, defined as the radius that encircles a fixed fraction of the total continuum luminosity,

. We find a significant correlation between the sizes and luminosities, such that

, providing a confirmation and quantitative characterization of a putative trend that was noted previously. This correlation suggests that these disks have roughly the same average surface brightness interior to their given effective radius, ∼0.2 Jy arcsec−2 (or 8 K in brightness temperature). The same trend remains, but the 0.2 dex of dispersion perpendicular to this relation essentially disappears, when we account for the irradiation environment of each disk with a crude approximation of the dust temperatures based on the stellar host luminosities. We consider two (not mutually exclusive) explanations for the origin of this size–luminosity relationship. Simple models of the growth and migration of disk solids can account for the observed trend for a reasonable range of initial conditions, but only on timescales that are much shorter than the nominal ages present in the sample. An alternative scenario invokes optically thick emission concentrated on unresolved scales, with filling factors of a few tens of percent, which is perhaps a manifestation of localized particle traps.
A New 95 GHz Methanol Maser Catalog. I. Data
Authors: Yang Wenjin , Xu Ye , Chen Xi , Ellingsen Simon P. , Lu Dengrong , Ju Binggang , Li Yingjie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Purple Mountain Observatory 13.7 m radio telescope has been used to search for 95 GHz (80–71A+) class I methanol masers toward 1020 Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) sources, leading to 213 detections. We have compared the line width of the methanol and HCO+ thermal emission in all of the methanol detections, and on that basis, we find that 205 of the 213 detections are very likely to be masers. This corresponds to an overall detection rate of 95 GHz methanol masers toward our BGPS sample of 20%. Of the 205 detected masers, 144 (70%) are new discoveries. Combining our results with those of previous 95 GHz methanol maser searches, a total of 481 95 GHz methanol masers are now known. We have compiled a catalog listing the locations and properties of all known 95 GHz methanol masers.
USO DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS PARA O PREENCHIMENTO DE FALHAS EM ESTAÇÕES PLUVIOMÉTRICAS
Authors: Mello Yara Rúbia de , Kohls Werner , Oliveira Therezinha Maria Novais de 
Published: August 2017

Estudos que utilizam dados meteorológicos históricos, comumente, encontram a problemática de haver falhas na série histórica. A precipitação pluviométrica é uma variável climática largamente utilizada em diversos trabalhos relacionados à dinâmica socioambiental. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar um estudo do uso de diferentes métodos de preenchimento de falhas pluviométricas, para um melhor aproveitamento dos dados existentes nas séries históricas. Os métodos utilizados foram: ponderação regional, regressão linear simples e múltipla e ponderação regional com base em regressões lineares. Para tanto, utilizou-se dados de quatro estações pluviométricas localizadas na planície e serra, e quatro estações pluviométricas localizadas no planalto, ambas na região de Joinville (SC). Foi realizado o preenchimento de falhas do mês de junho de 1987 a junho de 2006 e do mês de agosto de 1976 a agosto de 1993. Os resultados mostraram que o método de regressão linear múltipla apresentou os valores mais próximos do real, se mostrando o método mais adequado para o preenchimento de falhas na região de estudo; seguido pelo método de ponderação regional, ponderação regional com base em regressões lineares e regressão linear simples. Cabe ressaltar a importância de se conhecer dados pretéritos da distribuição pluviométrica regional e mais de um método para verificação da validade dos resultados.
Resolvin D1 Improves the Resolution of Inflammation via Activating NF-κB p50/p50–Mediated Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Gao Ye , Zhang Huawei , Luo Lingchun , Lin Jing , Li Dan , Zheng Sisi , Huang Hua , Yan Songfan , Yang Jingxiang , Hao Yu , Li Hui , Gao Smith Fang , Jin Shengwei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe illness characterized by uncontrolled inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is a tightly regulated event controlled by endogenous mediators, such as resolvin D1 (RvD1). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been reported to promote inflammation, along with PGE2, in the initiation of inflammation, as well as in prompting resolution, with PGD2 acting in the later phase of inflammation. Our previous work demonstrated that RvD1 enhanced COX-2 and PGD2 expression to resolve inflammation. In this study, we investigated mechanisms underlying the effect of RvD1 in modulating proresolving COX-2 expression. In a self-limited ARDS model, an LPS challenge induced the biphasic activation of COX-2, and RvD1 promoted COX-2 expression during the resolution phase. However, it was significantly blocked by treatment of a NF-κB inhibitor. In pulmonary fibroblasts, NF-κB p50/p50 was shown to be responsible for the proresolving activity of COX-2. Additionally, RvD1 potently promoted p50 homodimer nuclear translocation and robustly triggered DNA-binding activity, upregulating COX-2 expression via lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2. Finally, the absence of p50 in knockout mice prevented RvD1 from promoting COX-2 and PGD2 expression and resulted in excessive pulmonary inflammation. In conclusion, RvD1 expedites the resolution of inflammation through activation of lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2 receptor and NF-κB p50/p50–COX-2 signaling pathways, indicating that RvD1 might have therapeutic potential in the management of ARDS.
Analysis of Factor D Isoforms in Malpuech–Michels–Mingarelli–Carnevale Patients Highlights the Role of MASP-3 as a Maturase in the Alternative Pathway of Complement
Authors: Pihl Rasmus , Jensen Lisbeth , Hansen Annette G. , Thøgersen Ida B. , Andres Stephanie , Dagnæs-Hansen Frederik , Oexle Konrad , Enghild Jan J. , Thiel Steffen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Factor D (FD), which is also known as adipsin, is regarded as the first-acting protease of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement. It has been suggested that FD is secreted as a mature enzyme that does not require subsequent activation. This view was challenged when it was shown that mice lacking mannose-binding lectin (MBL)–associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1) and MASP-3 contain zymogenic FD (pro-FD), and it is becoming evident that MASP-3 is implicated in pro-FD maturation. However, the necessity of MASP-3 for pro-FD cleavage has been questioned, because AP activity is still observed in sera from MASP-1/3–deficient Malpuech–Michels–Mingarelli–Carnevale (3MC) patients. The identification of a novel 3MC patient carrying a previously unidentified MASP-3 G665S mutation prompted us to develop an analytical isoelectric focusing technique that resolves endogenous FD variants in complex samples. This enabled us to show that although 3MC patients predominantly contain pro-FD, they also contain detectable levels of mature FD. Moreover, using isoelectric focusing analysis, we show that both pro-FD and FD are present in the circulation of healthy donors. We characterized the naturally occurring 3MC-associated MASP-3 mutants and found that they all yielded enzymatically inactive proteins. Using MASP-3–depleted human serum, serum from 3MC patients, and Masp1/3−/− mice, we found that lack of enzymatically active MASP-3, or complete MASP-3 deficiency, compromises the conversion of pro-FD to FD. In summary, our observations emphasize that MASP-3 acts as an important maturase in the AP of complement, while also highlighting that there exists MASP-3–independent pro-FD maturation in 3MC patients.
Variability in methane emissions from West Siberia's shallow boreal lakes on a regional scale and its environmental controls
Authors: Sabrekov Aleksandr F. , Runkle Benjamin R. K. , Glagolev Mikhail V. , Terentieva Irina E. , Stepanenko Victor M. , Kotsyurbenko Oleg R. , Maksyutov Shamil S. , Pokrovsky Oleg S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Small lakes represent an important source of atmospheric CH4 from northern wetlands. However, spatiotemporal variations in flux magnitudes and the lack of knowledge about their main environmental controls contribute large uncertainty into the global CH4 budget. In this study, we measured methane fluxes from small lakes using chambers and bubble traps. Field investigations were carried out in July–August 2014 within the West Siberian middle and southern taiga zones. The average and median of measured methane chamber fluxes were 0.32 and 0.30 mgCH4 m−2 h−1 for middle taiga lakes and 8.6 and 4.1 mgCH4 m−2 h−1 for southern taiga lakes, respectively. Pronounced flux variability was found during measurements on individual lakes, between individual lakes and between zones. To analyze these differences and the influences of environmental controls, we developed a new dynamic process-based model. It shows good performance with emission rates from the southern taiga lakes and poor performance for individual lakes in the middle taiga region. The model shows that, in addition to well-known controls such as temperature, pH and lake depth, there are significant variations in the maximal methane production potential between these climatic zones. In addition, the model shows that variations in gas-filled pore space in lake sediments are capable of controlling the total methane emissions from individual lakes. The CH4 emissions exhibited distinct zonal differences not only in absolute values but also in their probability density functions: the middle taiga lake fluxes were best described by a lognormal distribution while the southern taiga lakes followed a power-law distribution. The latter suggests applicability of self-organized criticality theory for methane emissions from the southern taiga zone, which could help to explain the strong variability within individual lakes.
Soluções criativas: o uso de Recursos Educacionais Abertos no acesso e na democratização do Ensino Superior
Authors: Jurado Ramón Garrote , Zwierewicz Marlene , Cruz Roberto Moraes , Pettersson Tomas 
Published: August 2017

A ampliação da Educação a Distância - EaD no contexto brasileiro e internacional vem sendo acompanhada por uma série de desafios, implicando, minimamente, na necessidade de compatibilidade entre a oferta, as possibilidades pedagógicas para o uso de Recursos Educacionais Abertos
- REA e as especificidades de aprendizagem de cada contexto. Considerando a relevância da EaD para o acesso e a democratização do Ensino Superior, este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre desafios enfrentados na criação ou adaptação de propostas de ensino para a modalidade ou
projetos semipresenciais, destacando soluções que permearam esse processo em diferentes iniciativas
impulsionadas pela Universidade de Borås - HB (Suécia). Trata-se, portanto, de um relato de experiências que apresenta soluções criativas planejadas a partir dos desafios observados na implantação de propostas em diferentes países, cuja intenção é colaborar para que outras instituições
e outros profissionais interessados facilitem o processo de inserção da EaD.
As escolas quilombolas em Goiás – retrato da escola na relação com o poder público dos anos 2000
Authors: Ribeiro Cristiane Maria , Pereira Mariana Cunha 
Published: August 2017

Este manuscrito tem por objetivo discutir sobre o quadro político em que se encontram as escolas quilombolas do estado de Goiás. Situamos essas escolas no contexto da política de reconhecimento das terras quilombolas e desse modo expressa que os sujeitos sociais interagem na relação com o poder público, o que significa dizer que a escola está inserida numa realidade sócio-política de tensão e conflitos. Acreditamos que a relação escolas quilombola e poder público, no atual governo do estado de Goiás têm refletido uma situação de descontinuidade da política pública. Para elaborar essa reflexão nos embasamos em pesquisas de campo realizadas sobre as escolas quilombolas dos quilombos Cavalcante e Mesquita. Portanto, o relatório da pesquisa intitulada: POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO PARA COMUNIDADES RURAIS NEGRAS - Quilombos (Brasil)–Levantamento Socioeducacional Sobre os Professores das Escolas Quilombolas em Goiás e levantamentos realizados junto ao setor de educação do campo da Secretaria de Educação de Goiás foram fundamentais para a constituição deste. Por fim dizer que encontramos nas escolas tais problemas: qualificação dos educadores, infra-estrutura, sem
acesso a internet e sem recursos didáticos mais simples, porém, identificamos sujeitos sociais participativos e de muito engajamento político no seu quer fazer docente.