bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nodulation and root growth increase in lower soil layers of water‐limited faba bean intercropped with wheat
Authors: Bargaz Adnane , Isaac Marney E. , Jensen Erik S. , Carlsson Georg 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBelow‐ground niche complementarity in legume–cereal intercrops may improve resource use efficiency and root adaptability to environmental constraints. However, the effect of water limitation on legume rooting and nodulation patterns in intercropping is poorly understood. To advance our knowledge of mechanisms involved in water‐limitation response, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown as mono‐ and intercrops in soil‐filled plexiglass rhizoboxes under water sufficiency (80% of water‐holding capacity) and water limitation (30% of water‐holding capacity). We examined whether intercropping facilitates below‐ground niche complementarity under water limitation via interspecific root stratification coupled with modified nodulation patterns. While no significant treatment effects were measured in intercropped wheat growth parameters, water limitation induced a decrease in shoot and root biomass of monocropped wheat. Likewise, shoot biomass and height, and root length of monocropped faba bean significantly decreased under water limitation. Conversely, water limitation stimulated root biomass of intercropped faba bean in the lower soil layer (15–30 cm soil depth). Similarly, total nodule number of faba bean roots as well as nodule number in the lower soil layer increased under intercropping regardless of water availability. Under water limitation, intercropping also led to a significant increased nodule biomass (48%) in the lower soil layer as compared to monocropping. The enhanced nodulation in the lower soil layer and the associated increase in root and shoot growth provides evidence for a shift in niche occupancy when intercropped with wheat, which improves water‐limited faba bean performance.
The Impact of Allolobophora molleri on Soil Biology Under Different Organic Amendments
Authors: Tejada Manuel , Gómez Isidoro , Franco‐Andreu Luis‐ , Hernandez Teresa , García Carlos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe investigated the effects of the endogenous Allolobophora molleri earthworm on the enzyme activities, the humus–enzyme complexes and the microbial community of a Plagic Antrosol soil which had been amended with different sources of organic matter. During a period of 300 days, the soil was amended with the organic fraction of a municipal solid waste at a rate of 10% or poultry manure at a rate of 7·6%, respectively, in order to apply the same amount of organic matter to the soil. At the end of the experiment, soil enzymatic activities were highest in organic amended soils with earthworms, followed by the organic‐amended soils without earthworms. The reason being, the earthworms stimulate microbial action by increasing the surface area for microbial colonization of the substrate and enzymatic through comminuting the organic wastes. The evolution of soil humus–enzyme complexes indicated the highest values of enzymes adsorbed to humus with the highest humic acid contents. The presence of A. molleri in organic‐amended soils significantly (p < 0·05) increased the soil microbial diversity. Possibly, the progressive breakdown of organic matter applied to the soil by earthworms does appear to produce new organic substrates which therefore promote the appearance of new microorganisms in the soil capable of degrading these substrates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High energy Yb:YAG active mirror laser system for transform limited pulses bridging the picosecond gap
Authors: Siebold Mathias , Loeser Markus , Röser Fabian , Albach Daniel , Bussmann Michael , Eckhardt Sebastian , Lasagni Andrés Fabián , Sauerbrey Roland , Schramm Ulrich 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA diode‐pumped Yb:YAG MOPA‐System for the unprecedented generation of transform limited pulses with variable pulse duration in the range between 10 ps and 100 ps is presented. First applications relying on unique pulse parameters as modulation free spectrum, tunability and coherence length, namely the direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) and laser cooling of stored relativistic ion beams are highlighted. Pulses are generated by a mode‐locked fs‐oscillator while the spectral bandwidth is narrowed in the subsequent regenerative amplifier by an intra‐cavity grating monochromator. Two alternative booster amplifiers were added to increase the pulse energy to 100 μJ and 10 mJ, respectively.
image
Ageing of Silicone‐Based Dielectric Elastomers Prepared with Varying Stoichiometric Imbalance: Changes in Network Structure, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties
Authors: Zhang Mengjia , Denes Istvan , Xue Yao , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: June 2016

Silicone‐based dielectric elastomers are promising dielectric electroactive polymers (DEAPs) applicable to various actuator applications. However, the lack of information concerning their long‐term performance still limits their industrial use. Here, the time‐dependent behavior of silicon‐based DEAPs under electromechanical cycling is investigated. A series of thin silicone films prepared with different stoichiometric imbalances are coated with compliant silver nanowire electrodes and then electromechanically cycled under alternating voltage (Vpp = 2 kV, VDC = 1 kV) over 105 cycles. Afterward, changes in cross‐linking density, elastic modulus, permittivity, and breakdown behavior are examined. With increasing load cycles, electrically induced cross‐linking of the hydrosilane groups occurs, which leads to increased cross‐linking density of the material. Concomitantly, increase in elastic modulus and decrease in permittivity are observed, resulting in a significant deterioration of actuation performance. The measured breakdown strength, which is related to an extrinsic breakdown strength based on electromechanical instability, increases too.image
Characterizing network traffic behaviour using granule‐based association rule mining
Authors: Bian Yongna , Liu Bin , Li Yuefeng , Gao Jianmin 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAssociation rule mining is one important technique to characterize the behaviour of network traffic. However, mining association rules from network traffic data still have three obstacles such as efficiency, huge number of results and insufficiency to represent the behaviour of network traffic. Aiming to tackle these issues, this paper presents a granule‐based association rule mining approach, called association hierarchy mining. The proposed approach adopts top‐down rule mining strategy to directly generate interesting rules according to subjectively specified rule template hierarchies, which improves the efficiency of rule generation and subjectively filters user uninterested rules. The approach also proposes to prune a new type of redundant rules defined by this research to reduce the number of rules. Finally, the approach introduces the concept of diversity, aiming to select the interesting rules for better interpreting the behaviour of network traffic. The experiments performed on the MAWI network traffic traces show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ExoMol project: Software for computing large molecular line lists
Authors: Tennyson Jonathan , Yurchenko Sergei N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe use of variational nuclear motion programs to compute line lists of transition frequencies and intensities is now a standard procedure. The ExoMol project has used this technique to generate line lists for studies of hot bodies such as the atmospheres of exoplanets and cool stars. The resulting line list can be huge: many contain 10 billion or more transitions. This software update considers changes made to our programs during the course of the project to allow for such calculations. This update considers three programs: Duo which computed vibronic spectra for diatomics, DVR3D which computes rotation‐vibration spectra for triatomics, and TROVE which computes rotation‐vibration spectra for general polyatomic systems. Important updates in functionality include the calculation of quasibound (resonance) states and Landé g‐factors by Duo and the calculation of resonance states by DVR3D. Significant algorithmic improvements are reported for both DVR3D and TROVE. All three programs are publically available from ccpforge.cse.rl.ac.uk. Future developments are also considered.
Turbo‐SMT: Parallel coupled sparse matrix‐Tensor factorizations and applications
Authors: Papalexakis Evangelos E. , Mitchell Tom M. , Sidiropoulos Nicholas D. , Faloutsos Christos , Talukdar Partha Pratim , Murphy Brian 
Published: June 2016

How can we correlate the neural activity in the human brain as it responds to typed words, with properties of these terms (like ‘edible’, ‘fits in hand’)? In short, we want to find latent variables, that jointly explain both the brain activity, as well as the behavioral responses. This is one of many settings of the Coupled Matrix‐Tensor Factorization (CMTF) problem.Can we enhance any CMTF solver, so that it can operate on potentially very large datasets that may not fit in main memory? We introduce Turbo‐SMT, a meta‐method capable of doing exactly that: it boosts the performance of any CMTF algorithm, produces sparse and interpretable solutions, and parallelizes any CMTF algorithm, producing sparse and interpretable solutions (up to 65 fold). Additionally, we improve upon ALS, the work‐horse algorithm for CMTF, with respect to efficiency and robustness to missing values.We apply Turbo‐SMT to BrainQ, a dataset consisting of a (nouns, brain voxels, human subjects) tensor and a (nouns, properties) matrix, with coupling along the nouns dimension. Turbo‐SMT is able to find meaningful latent variables, as well as to predict brain activity with competitive accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate the generality of Turbo‐SMT, by applying it on a FACEBOOK dataset (users, ‘friends', wall‐postings); there, Turbo‐SMT spots spammer‐like anomalies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal, 2016
Recent Developments in the Chiral Brønsted Acid‐catalyzed Allylboration Reaction with Polyfunctionalized Substrates
Authors: Barrio Pablo , Rodríguez Elsa , Fustero Santos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAsymmetric allylboration has played a central role in organic synthesis ever since the pioneering work by Hoffman and Brown, having found applications in the total synthesis of many natural products. A new dawn for this 40 year‐old reaction occurred with the beginning of the new century when the first catalytic asymmetric methods came into play. In less than one decade, several methodologies, able to achieve the desired homoallylic alcohols with ee ranges in the high 90s, were developed. Among them, in the present account, we will disclose our contribution to the development of the chiral binolphosphoric‐derived Brønsted acid‐catalyzed allylboration of aldehydes originally reported by Antilla in 2010. Our contribution to this field lies in its application to polyfunctionalized systems, both on the aldehyde and the allylboronate in question, which enables the rapid construction of molecular diversity and complexity. Parts of the work described herein have been carried out in collaboration with the groups of Profs. Akiyama and Houk.
image
Environmental flows—basics for novices
Authors: Acreman Mike 
Published: June 2016

The term environmental flows has become widely used to define the hydrological regime required to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems and the human livelihoods and well‐being that depend on them. A large range of frameworks and methods has been developed to assess environmental flow needs and many authors have identified subtleties in the approaches needed for different situations and required outcomes. This article summaries some basic concepts that can assist those new to environmental flows to navigate the rapidly expanding plethora of information. It briefly covers key areas of setting objectives for river ecosystems, examining pressures that constrain reaching these objectives, the level of detail needed, implementation, and how future changes affect environmental flow assessments. WIREs Water 2016, 3:622–628. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1160This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Contributions to wind farm power estimation considering wind direction‐dependent wake effects
Authors: Feijóo Andrés , Villanueva Daniel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a contribution to wind farm ouput power estimation. The calculation for a single wind turbine involves the use of the power coefficient or, more directly, the power curve data sheet. Thus, if the wind speed value is given, a simple calculation or search in the data sheet will provide the generated power as a result. However, a wind farm generally comprises more than one wind turbine, which means the estimation of power generated by the wind farm as a function of the wind speed is a more complex process that depends on several factors, including the important issue of wind direction. While the concept of a wind turbine power curve for a single wind turbine is clear, it is more subject to discussion when applied to a whole wind farm. This paper provides a simplified method for the estimation of wind farm power, based on the use of an equivalent wake effect coefficient. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The top‐K tau‐path screen for monotone association in subpopulations
Authors: Sampath Srinath , Caloiaro Adriano , Johnson Wayne , Verducci Joseph S. 
Published: June 2016

A pair of variables that tend to rise and fall either together or in opposition are said to be monotonically associated. For certain phenomena, this tendency is causally restricted to a subpopulation, as, e.g., the severity of an allergic reaction trending with the concentration of an air pollutant. Previously, Yu et al. (Stat Methodol 2011, 8:97–111) devised a method of rearranging observations to test paired data to see if such an association might be present in a subpopulation. However, the computational intensity of the method limited its application to relatively small samples of data, and the test itself only judges if association is present in some subpopulation; it does not clearly identify the subsample that came from this subpopulation, especially when the whole sample tests positive. The present study adds a ‘top‐K’ feature (Sampath S, Verducci JS. Stat Anal Data Min 2013, 6:458–471) based on a multistage ranking model, that identifies a concise subsample that is likely to contain a high proportion of observations from the subpopulation in which the association is supported. Computational improvements incorporated into this top‐K tau‐path algorithm now allow the method to be extended to thousands of pairs of variables measured on sample sizes in the thousands. A description of the new algorithm along with measures of computational complexity and practical efficiency help to gauge its potential use in different settings. Simulation studies catalog its accuracy in various settings, and an example from finance illustrates its step‐by‐step use. WIREs Comput Stat 2016, 8:206–218. doi: 10.1002/wics.1382This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data Analysis
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Case Study: Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) By a Pregnant Woman
Authors: Sisler Laurel , Meernik Clare , Ripley-Moffitt Carol , Greyber Jennifer , Goldstein Adam O. 
Published: June 2016

Introduction: The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) such as electronic cigarettes, vapour cigarettes, and vapour/hookah pens is rapidly increasing. The effectiveness of ENDS for smoking cessation and their safety, particularly amongst pregnant women, is largely unknown. Some women who use tobacco products in pregnancy, such as the one described in this case study, switch to ENDS assuming they are a safer alternative to smoking traditional cigarettes. Many obstetric providers do not screen for ENDS use and may miss an opportunity to counsel their patients about ENDS usage, side effects, or alternatives.Case Description: Motivated by concern for her baby's health, a 28-year-old patient reduced consumption of traditional cigarettes and began using ENDS shortly after learning she was pregnant. Her obstetric team did not screen for ENDS use and was unaware that she had started using ENDS. During the postpartum period, her providers ordered a tobacco cessation consult and the tobacco treatment specialist (TTS) discovered the patient's ENDS use as well as her desire to quit.Conclusions: In the absence of consistent screening by providers and a lack of safety data regarding ENDS use during pregnancy, women are often given little guidance in deciphering the potential risks and benefits of ENDS use. In this case, the patient turned to ENDS because she thought it was safer than smoking tobacco cigarettes and was unaware that there is limited research on ENDS safety. This case highlights the importance of updating clinical screening tools to include ENDS and the need for further research investigating the safety of ENDS use during pregnancy.
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH TO CLOSE THE SOYBEAN YIELD GAP ON SMALLHOLDER FARMS IN MALAWI
Authors: VAN VUGT D. , FRANKE A. C. , GILLER K. E. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYSoybean yields on smallholder farmers’ fields in Malawi are constrained by poor soil fertility, limited application of external inputs and poor crop husbandry. We tested crop management practices through on-farm experimentation and participatory technology evaluation. Two agronomic soybean trials were established in 2009 and 2010 in three contrasting agro-ecologies resulting in 72 replications per trial. Treatments in the first trial included several combinations of inoculation withBradyrhizobium japonicum, inorganic fertiliser application and compost manure. In the second trial, farmers tested an improved variety, optimal weeding regime, increased plant population and chemical pest and disease control. A combination of inoculation, inorganic fertiliser (10 N, 8 P, 20 K in kg ha−1), and 6 t ha−1compost manure increased yields from 0.86 t ha−1under farmers’ practice to 1.56 t ha−1and resulted in average profits of US$222 ha−1. Increased plant populations and biocide spraying also resulted in substantial yield increases. Inoculation and increased plant population resulted in an average value to cost ratio (VCR) > 2. Low investment costs make inoculants, compost manure and increased plant populations interesting options, whereas adoption of inorganic fertiliser application in soybean may be limited due to high costs and low VCR. The farmers ranked eight technologies in descending order of preference as: (i) early planting, (ii) plant population, (iii) variety choice, (iv) compost manure, (v) weeding, (vi) inoculant, (vii) fertiliser and (viii) spraying. Our participatory research approach demonstrated that there is a wide range of technologies with different levels of human and financial investment costs that smallholder farmers can adopt to enhance their soybean yields and profits.
Teaching the Shakespeare of Mathematics
Authors: du Sautoy Marcus 
Published: June 2016

During my year as President of The Mathematical Association the government began a review of the curriculum across all subjects taught in school. Given the constant tinkering with the education system by every government, this is probably a sentence that any MA president could write during their tenure. But 2013 saw government really trying to layout their vision for what education should deliver in the coming decade.In English, an aim of the curriculum review is to develop a student's love of literature through widespread reading for enjoyment. Students will get to read Shakespeare, romantic poetry, the great novels of the nineteenth century together with seminal works of world literature. It is hoped that this will expose students to the great works of literature and allow them to acquire an appreciation of ‘our rich and varied literary heritage’ [1, p. 13].In science, by building on fundamental ideas and concepts, the curriculum review aims to foster in students ‘a sense of excitement and curiosity about natural phenomena’ [1, p. 99]. Students will study the fundamental mechanics of the cell, learn about stem cells, photosynthesis and genomics; they will be exposed to radiation (in a theoretical sense) and the evidence for the Big Bang. Such fundamental ideas will give students the scientific knowledge to be able to understand the uses and implications for the impact of science on society.
Which is bigger? An intriguing ‘double alternation’
Authors: Hokuto Takeshi , Kumano Mitsuhiro 
Published: June 2016

The following three inequalities hold:The first inequality is trivial. The second one was proved without calculating aids in note [1], and the third along similar lines in note [2]. The author of note [2] also suggested an extension to the relation betweenHow best to continue the sequence of inequalities is not obvious and we return to that point shortly. Before doing so, we note that an interesting geralisation is to replace π by a variable x, and to determine the precise interval of x in which the regularity of the ‘alternation of inequality signs’ is maintained. We need no longer consider particular properties of π.
Relations on Sets
Authors: MacHale Des , MacHale Peter 
Published: June 2016

This paper is dedicated to the memory of George Boole FRS (1815-1864), first Professor of Mathematics at University College Cork.A relation on a non-empty set K is any subset W of the cartesian product K × K. If (x, x) ∈ W for every x ∈ K, W is said to be reflexive on K. If for x, y, z ∈ K, (x, y) ∈ W implies that (y, x) ∈ W, W is said to be symmetric on K. If for x, y, z ∈ K (x, y) ∈ W and (y, z) ∈ W together imply that (x, z) ∈ W, W is said to be transitive on K. Finally, if the relation W is reflexive, symmetric and transitive on K, W is said to be an equivalence relation on K. We contend that equivalence relations are of central importance in many areas of mathematics. Many texts on algebra (for example Topics in Algebra [1]) contain as an exercise the following fallacious argument which the reader is challenged to refute.