bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excess dietary salt is associated with an altered bone strain index, degraded bone microarchitecture, vertebral fractures, and increased prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women—A study from a teaching hospital in southern India
Authors: John Rebecca , Cherian Kripa Elizabeth , Kapoor Nitin , Paul Thomas Vizhalil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesExcess dietary salt causes increased urinary calcium and this may lead to bone loss. We proposed to study the association between dietary salt intake and bone health in postmenopausal women from southern India.MethodsAn observational study in which community‐dwelling postmenopausal women were recruited. Daily salt intake and urine calcium/creatinine ratio were assessed. Bone biochemistry and densitometric parameters such as bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS) vertebral fractures, and bone strain index (BSI) were assessed using Dual Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry (DXA).ResultsA total of 383 postmenopausal women with a mean ± SD age of 59.8 ± 7.2 years and BMI of 25.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2 were recruited. Among the participants, 165/383(43.1%) had osteoporosis at any site and 21% had moderate–severe vertebral fractures. The BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck, TBS and BSI were significantly (p < 0.001) lower and the CTx was significantly (p = 0.008) higher among women with high salt intake (7.2 g/day) as compared to those with salt intake of <7.2 g/day. The prevalence of osteoporosis, low TBS, high BSI, and moderate–severe vertebral fractures significantly increased across low to high salt‐intake categories. An ROC analysis showed that excess dietary salt was significantly associated with osteoporosis at any site with an AUC of 0.870 (95% CI: 0.832–0.907). On a multivariate analysis, excess salt intake conferred the highest odds of osteoporosis (OR: 2.296; 95% CI: 1.909–2.761).ConclusionsExcess dietary salt is associated with high urinary calcium and compromised bone health among postmenopausal women from southern India. This may be a modifiable risk factor in osteoporosis and warrants further research.
Priorities and Recommendations to Make ALS a Livable Disease Emanating from the 2024 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report Living with ALS
Authors: Howard Ileana M. , Babu Suma , Carter Chelsey , Sakowski Stacey A. , Kurent Jerome E. , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: October 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentless, fatal neurodegenerative disease. The progressive loss of voluntary muscle function, diagnostic delays, lack of effective treatments, and challenges accessing multidisciplinary care and resources have tremendous impact on quality of life. The congressionally directed ALS committee of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, in their 2024 report “Living with ALS,” recommends critical actions for specific United States stakeholders to make ALS a livable disease over the next decade. This review summarizes the context and recommendations of the report. Advocacy efforts are critical to make these recommendations a reality for the ALS community. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1035–1039
Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via Intramolecular Formal (3+2)‐Cycloaddition
Authors: Harmata Alexander S. , Tatunashvili Elene , Chang Abigail , Wang Tao , Stephenson Corey R. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe report a synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via an intramolecular formal (3+2) cycloaddition of allylated cyclopropanes bearing a 4‐nitrobenzimine substituent. Both activated and unactivated alkenes are tolerated in the transformation. The bicyclic imine products are prone to photo‐induced ring opening, allowing for the epimerization of C5‐stereogenic compounds.
Controlling the Polarity of Metal–Organic Frameworks to Promote Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chen Junnan , Wang Guangming , Dong Yingjun , Ji Jiapeng , Li Linbo , Xue Ming , Zhang Xiaolong , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe addition of polar functional groups to porous structures is an effective strategy for increasing the ability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to capture CO2 by enhancing interactions between the dipoles of the polar functional groups and the quadrupoles of CO2. However, the potential of MOFs with polar functional groups to activate CO2 has not been investigated in the context of CO2 electrolysis. In this study, we report a mixed‐ligand strategy to incorporate various functional groups in the MOFs. We found that substituents with strong polarity led to increased catalytic performance of electrochemical CO2 reduction for these polarized MOFs. Both experimental and theoretical evidence indicates that the presence of polar functional groups induces a charge redistribution in the micropores of MOFs. We have shown that higher electron densities of sp2‐carbon atoms in benzimidazolate ligands reduces the energy barrier to generate *COOH, which is simultaneously controlled by the mass transfer of CO2. Our research offers an effective method of disrupting local electron neutrality in the pores of electrocatalysts/supports to activate CO2 under electrochemical conditions.
Friedel–Crafts Reactivity with Sulfondiimidoyl Fluorides for the Synthesis of Heteroaryl Sulfondiimines
Authors: Wei Ming‐Kai , Zhang Ze‐Xin , Ding Mingyan , Willis Michael C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSulfur functional groups are ubiquitous in molecules used in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, and within these collections sulfones hold a prominent position. The double aza‐analogues of sulfones, sulfondiimines, offer significant potential in discovery chemistry but to date their applications have been limited by the lack of convenient synthetic routes. The existing methods mainly rely on imination of low‐valent‐sulfur intermediates, or the combination of pre‐formed organometallic reagents and electrophilic S(VI)‐functionalities. Herein, we describe a Friedel–Crafts‐type reaction of sulfondiimidoyl fluorides with (hetero)aryls. This new SuFEx reactivity benefits from broad functional group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, and does not require the use of pre‐formed organometallic reagents. The efficient use of unprotected indoles and pyrroles, as well as furan, thiophene and carbocyclic aromatics, further demonstrates the advantages of these reactions. We show that the reactivity of the sulfondiimidoyl fluorides can be tuned by switching the N‐substituents, allowing an expansion of the range of coupling partners. The utility of the transformation is exemplified by the synthesis of the sulfondiimine analogue of the HIV‐I reverse transcriptase‐inhibitor L‐737,126.
Engineering Trifluoromethyl Groups in Porous Coordination Polymers to Enhance Stability and Regulate Pore Window for Hexane Isomers Separation
Authors: Huang Hengcong , Prasetyo Niko , Kajiwara Takashi , Gu Yifan , Jia Tao , Otake Ken‐ichi , Kitagawa Susumu , Li Fengting 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEffective separation of hexane (C6) isomers is critical for a variety of industrial applications but conventional distillation methods are energy‐intensive. Adsorptive separations based on porous coordination polymers (PCPs) offer a promising alternative due to their exceptional porosity and tunable properties. However, there is still an urgent need to develop PCPs with high stability and separation performance. This study investigates how substituting a methyl (−CH3) group with a trifluoromethyl (−CF3) group can regulate pores and hydrophobicity in PCPs. This precise adjustment aims to enhance stability and improve the kinetic separation performance of hydrophobic C6 isomers by considering the size and hydrophobicity of the trifluoromethyl group. Two isostructural PCPs with pcu topology, PCP‐CH3 and PCP‐CF3, were synthesized to vary pore diameters and hydrophobicity based on the presence of −CH3 or −CF3 groups. PCP‐CF3 showed greater stability in water compared to PCP‐CH3. While PCP‐CH3 had high adsorption capacities, it lacked selectivity, whereas PCP‐CF3 demonstrated improved selectivity, particularly in excluding dibranched isomers. Dynamic column separation experiments revealed that PCP‐CF3 could selectively adsorb linear and monobranched isomers over dibranched isomers at room temperature. These findings highlight the potential of fluorine‐modified PCPs for efficient isomer separation and underscore the importance of stability improvement strategies.
Model Bias Identification for Bayesian Calibration of Stochastic Digital Twins of Bridges
Authors: Andrés Arcones Daniel , Weiser Martin , Koutsourelakis Phaedon‐Stelios , Unger Jörg F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSimulation‐based digital twins must provide accurate, robust, and reliable digital representations of their physical counterparts. Therefore, quantifying the uncertainty in their predictions plays a key role in making better‐informed decisions that impact the actual system. The update of the simulation model based on data must then be carefully implemented. When applied to complex structures such as bridges, discrepancies between the computational model and the real system appear as model bias, which hinders the trustworthiness of the digital twin and increases its uncertainty. Classical Bayesian updating approaches aimed at inferring the model parameters often fail to compensate for such model bias, leading to overconfident and unreliable predictions. In this paper, two alternative model bias identification approaches are evaluated in the context of their applicability to digital twins of bridges. A modularized version of Kennedy and O'Hagan's approach and another one based on Orthogonal Gaussian Processes are compared with the classical Bayesian inference framework in a set of representative benchmarks. Additionally, two novel extensions are proposed for these models: the inclusion of noise‐aware kernels and the introduction of additional variables not present in the computational model through the bias term. The integration of these approaches into the digital twin corrects the predictions, quantifies their uncertainty, estimates noise from unknown physical sources of error, and provides further insight into the system by including additional pre‐existing information without modifying the computational model.
Kombinierter Einsatz einer PV‐ und KWE‐Anlage bei einem Wohngebäude mit Elektroauto
Authors: Katzenbach Jula , Schäfer Stefan , Burgaß Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDas Interesse an unabhängiger und nachhaltiger Energieversorgung nimmt in Zeiten konstant steigender Strompreise und zunehmenden Umweltbewusstseins stetig zu. Während Photovoltaikanlagen daher mittlerweile schon fast zur Normalität auf Dachflächen und an Balkongeländern geworden sind, sind Kleinwindenergieanlagen (KWE‐Anlagen) noch verhältnismäßig selten anzutreffen. Und das, obwohl Windkraft über 50 % des in Deutschland generierten „grünen“ Stroms produziert und im Jahresverlauf wesentlich niedrigeren Schwankungen unterliegt als solare Strahlung. Ziel der in diesem Aufsatz vorgestellten Berechnungen war es daher, exemplarisch zu prüfen, ob der kombinierte Einsatz von Photovoltaik‐ und Kleinwindenergieanlagen auf Wohngebäuden eine sowohl energetisch als auch ökonomisch sinnvolle Handlungsoption darstellt. Zudem galt es zu analysieren, welche Bedeutung der Nutzung und Ladung eines Elektrofahrzeugs im Kontext der Anlagenkombination zukommt. Dazu wurden softwarebasierte Ertragsprognosen mit dem Lastprofil eines durchschnittlichen 3‐Personen‐Haushalts verglichen und die daraus resultierende Wirtschaftlichkeit der Anlagenkombination ermittelt.
Constructing High‐Performance Zn‐Iodine Batteries with CuI‐PVP Composite Layer Coated Zn Anodes
Authors: Zhang Rui , Liu Xiangyu , Wu Xiaojing , Guo Tan , Yun Shan , Du Lingyu , Kang Litao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) batteries featuring abundant raw materials, inherent safety, excellent cost competitiveness and environmental benignity have been identified as one kind of important electrochemical energy storage devices. However, these batteries always suffer from inferior electrochemical performance, because of dendrite growth and corrosion/passivation of the anodes. Herein, a copper iodide‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (CuI‐PVP) composite layer is proposed to suppress the parasitic reactions and protect the Zn anodes. In this layer, the CuI can spontaneously react with metallic Zn and convert into Cu and Cu5Zn8 (2CuI+Zn→2Cu+ZnI2; 5Cu+8Zn→Cu5Zn8). The highly zincophilic Cu and Cu5Zn8, as heterogeneous seeds, can guide the uniform Zn nucleation and deposition, while alleviating corrosion of the Zn anodes. At the same time, the iodide species releasing from the composite layer can be oxidized and deposited on the cathodes, contributing additional capacity. As a result, the symmetric cell prepared with the CuI‐PVP@Zn anodes demonstrates a long cycling lifetime of 1400 hours at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. Under an even higher current density of 5 mA cm−2, the CuI‐PVP@Zn cell can still stably work for more than 660 hours. The practical application of this CuI‐PVP@Zn electrode has been further demonstrated in Zn‐I2 full batteries, which achieve 60 % higher specific capacity than the untreated ones (251.4 vs. 157.1 mAh g−1 after 2800 cycles).
Photobiomodulation improves functional recovery after mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Stevens Andrew R. , Hadis Mohammed , Thareja Abhinav , Anderson Freya G. , Milward Michael R. , Di Pietro Valentina , Belli Antonio , Palin William , Davies David J. , Ahmed Zubair 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common consequence of head injury but there are no recognized interventions to promote recovery of the brain. We previously showed that photobiomodulation (PBM) significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells in adult rat hippocampal organotypic slice cultures. In this study, we first optimized PBM delivery parameters for use in mTBI, conducting cadaveric studies to calibrate 660 and 810 nm lasers for transcutaneous delivery of PBM to the cortical surface. We then used an in vivo weight drop mTBI model in adult rats and delivered daily optimized doses of 660, 810 nm, or combined 660/810 nm PBM. Functional recovery was assessed using novel object recognition (NOR) and beam balance tests, whilst histology and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the mTBI neuropathology. We found that PBM at 810, 660 nm, or 810/660 nm all significantly improved both NOR and beam balance performance, with 810 nm PBM having the greatest effects. Histology demonstrated no overt structural damage in the brain after mTBI, however, immunohistochemistry using brain sections showed significantly reduced activation of both CD11b+ microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ astrocytes at 3 days post‐injury. Significantly reduced cortical localization of the apoptosis marker, cleaved caspase‐3, and modest reductions in extracellular matrix deposition after PBM treatment, limited to choroid plexus and periventricular areas were also observed. Our results demonstrate that 810 nm PBM optimally improved functional outcomes after mTBI, reduced markers associated with apoptosis and astrocyte/microglial activation, and thus may be useful as a potential regenerative therapy.
Glucose‐based Ionic Liquid Organocatalysts for Asymmetric aza‐Diels‐Alder Reactions
Authors: Komabayashi Mirai , Jopp Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbohydrate‐based ionic liquids and salts (CHILS) have recently emerged as an uprising sub‐class of ionic liquids. Their starting materials are available in abundant natural resources from plants and fauna. Carbohydrates are not only sustainable; they also exhibit natural chirality. To use this, novel glucosyl imidazolium NTf2 ionic liquids were synthesized and applied as organocatalysts in aza‐Diels‐Alder reactions in this work, where we used aldimines and Danishefsky's diene as substrates. We investigated the structure‐activity relationships of these glucosyl imidazolium NTf2 organocatalysts through several functionalizations on the carbohydrate and the imidazole and compared them with common metal catalysts and ionic liquids. Our organocatalysts improved the yield of the model aza‐Diels‐Alder reaction highly and also had a positive effect on the overall diastereomeric excess.
Extreme learning with projection relational algebraic secured data transmission for big cloud data
Authors: Sakthivel G. , Madhubala P. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryCloud Computing (CC) and big data are growing technology in the business. Big data is demonstrated in terms of volume, variety, and velocity. CC is employed for storing, processing, and accessing data. Many cryptographic techniques have been developed to enhance big data security in cloud computing. However, security and privacy are the primary concerns in protecting data, as it is highly sensitive. Yet, it faces the major problems of inefficient performance, increased time consumption, and lack of data confidentiality and integrity. To address this issue, proposed Extreme Learning with Projection Relational Algebraic Secured Data Transmission (ELPRA‐SDT) is introduced to secure data transactions from cloud users to cloud servers with enhanced data confidentiality and reduced time consumption for big cloud data. The proposed ELPRA‐SDT consists of two major processes namely registration and key generation. At first, the user's IP address is registered employing a transitive advanced set relation theory graph model in a cloud server (CS) for retrieving the numerous services. The CS generates private and public keys for each registered user's IP address using the Transitive Operational and Time Synchronized Random Winternitz Key generation model. After, the user sends a request to the CS for acquiring data. The CS validates the requested user based on security policy attributes. Second, the Projection Relational Algebraic Signcryption and Unsigncryption algorithm performs signature verification to ensure secure data access for protecting the data. Results of experiments carried out by using Coburg Intrusion Detection Data Sets‐001 dataset in Java. ELPRA‐SDT method is more efficient and more suitable for providing security and privacy to network traces in the Cloud. The result shows maximum performance with data confidentiality by 10% and data integrity by 13%. In addition, delay is reduced by 32%, and data delivery time and communication complexity is decreased by 28% and 24% to other existing methods.
ESG investing & firm performance: Retrospections of past & reflections of future
Authors: Narula Radhika , Rao Purnima , Kumar Satish , Paltrinieri Andrea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the current state of the literature on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing, and study the impact of ESG ratings on firm performance. Corporate sustainability has evolved as a concept and is increasingly being integrated with investment analysis. The present study performs a systematic literature review (SLR) using the theory, context, characteristics, and methodology (TCCM) framework to provide valuable insights and research directions in the context of ESG investing. The review is based on 198 articles published from 2010 to 2022 and follows the scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR‐4‐SLR) protocol using the Scopus database. Further, the research also re‐examines the empirical studies based on ESG as a determinant of firm performance using a meta‐analytical approach. The research findings suggest a positive impact of ESG ratings on firm performance. However, an intriguing discovery surfaced when empirical studies were segmented according to the ESG rating methodologies provided by Bloomberg and Thomson Reuters. The purpose of this research is to offer a comprehensive and collective scholarship of the subject by adopting a mixed‐method approach. Further, it provides a conceptual framework, thereby linking the various elements of ESG investing and explaining the channels of transmission of ESG translates into value creation for the shareholders. It encompasses extensive research agendas discussing barriers to ESG implementation, the materiality of ESG practices, informativeness of sustainability reporting, sustainability performance, and sustainable underpinnings.
A 10.7‐μ$$ \upmu $$A 103‐dB DR Hybrid Delta‐Sigma Modulator for Sensing Applications
Authors: Zhang Huizhu , Wu Xinjie , Tang Zhong , Tan Nianxiong , Yu Xiaopeng , Lu Zhenghao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper reports a low‐power, high dynamic range second‐order delta‐sigma modulator (DSM) for sensing applications. The DSM employs a hybrid CIFF‐B topology, consisting of a continuous‐time first stage and a discrete‐time second stage. The first stage is an OTA‐based RC integrator with inherent anti‐aliasing properties, while the second stage is a switched‐capacitor integrator. Offset and noise in the first stage are mitigated by the chopper‐stabilization technique, while those in the second stage are suppressed through the gain provided by the first stage. Furthermore, the OTA‐sharing technology is utilized in the second stage to realize signal addition before quantization, reducing design complexity. The hybrid DSM prototype is fabricated with a 180‐nm CMOS process and occupies an area of 0.123 mm2. Measurement results show peak SNDR/SNR/SFDR values of 95.8, 97.1, and 102.8 dB, respectively, with a current consumption of 10.7 A from a 1.8‐V single supply. The reported DSM achieves a 103‐dB dynamic range in a 100‐Hz signal bandwidth, corresponding to a Schreier figure‐of‐merit (FoMs) value of 170.2 dB.
Impact of neutron radiation induced defects on the surge current robustness of silicon carbide P‐intrinsic‐N diodes
Authors: Tan Haoshu , Zhang Lin , Li Zhiqiang , Li Jun Tao , Dong Peng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSurge current (SC) capability is one of the main aspects of reliability for silicon carbide (SiC) power devices. In this work, the influences of neutron radiation‐induced defects on the SC capability and reliability of SiC P‐intrinsic‐N (PiN) diodes were comprehensively investigated. It was found that the surge capability of the diodes can be deteriorated even under the slightly enhanced formation of carbon‐vacancy‐related Z1/2 and EH6/7 defects introduced by neutron irradiation. Surprisingly, it was found that the forward voltage (VF) decreases with the increased SC and the stress cycles in the irradiated diodes, which is usually found to increase under the SC tests and attributed to the bipolar degradation (BPD). By using technology computer‐aided design simulation and deep‐level transient spectroscopy characterization, it was found that the significant self‐heating during surge stress leads to the annealing effect on the Z1/2 defects through the promoted recombination with the nearest and second neighbor carbon interstitials injected by irradiation, which thus plays a dominant role in the decrease of VF over the BPD.