bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Pediatric Sternal Wound Infections: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Delgado-Corcoran Claudia , Van Dorn Charlotte S. , Pribble Charles , Thorell Emily A. , Pavia Andrew T. , Ward Camille , Smout Randall , Bratton Susan L. , Burch Phillip T. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
To evaluate whether a quality improvement intervention reduces sternal wound infection rates in children after cardiac surgery.

Design:
This is a pre- and postintervention quality improvement study.

Setting:
A 16-bed cardiac ICU in a university-affiliated pediatric tertiary care children’s hospital.

Patients:
All patients undergoing cardiac surgery via median sternotomy from January 2010 to December 2014 are included. The sternal wound infection rates for primary closure and delayed sternal closure are reported per 100 sternotomies. The hospital-acquired infection records were used to identify preintervention cases, while postintervention cases were collected prospectively.

Intervention:
Implementation of a sternal wound prevention bundle during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods for cardiac surgical cases.

Measurements and Main Results:
During the preintervention period, 32 patients (3.8%) developed sternal wound infection, whereas only 19 (2.1%) developed sternal wound infection during the postintervention period (p = 0.04). The rates of sternal wound infection following primary closure were not significantly different pre- and postintervention (2.4% vs 1.6%; p = 0.35). However, patients with delayed sternal closure had significantly lower postintervention infection rates (10.6% vs 3.9%; p = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Implementation of a sternal wound prevention bundle during the perioperative period was associated with lower sternal wound infection rates in surgeries with delayed sternal closure.
Postsurgical Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis
Authors: Oledzka Magdalena , Suhr Maureen 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
To present 2 cases with severe congenital muscular torticollis and describe postsurgical physical therapy management.

Description:
Two children diagnosed with severe congenital muscular torticollis underwent surgical release of the involved sternocleidomastoid muscle with subsequent physical therapy. Presurgical examination findings, surgical technique, and postsurgical rehabilitation guidelines are described.

Results:
Both cases achieved full range of motion and symmetrical muscle strength. Functionally, they were able to maintain consistent midline posture, perform transitions with symmetrical head righting, and demonstrate age-appropriate motor skills.

Clinical Implications:
Children with surgical management of congenital muscular torticollis tend to have more severe involvement of the sternocleidomastoid. Prolonged experience in atypical postures may result in potential asymmetrical development of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. Perception of midline was reestablished through integration of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive stimuli.

Video Abstract:
For more insights from the authors, access Supplemental Digital Content 1, at http://links.lww.com/PPT/A141.
Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware
Authors: Mao Yanlan , Green Jeremy B. A. 
Published: March 2017

Systems morphodynamics describes a multi-level analysis of mechanical morphogenesis that draws on new microscopy and computational technologies and embraces a systems biology-informed scope. We present a selection of articles that illustrate and explain this rapidly progressing field.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware’.
Towards an Integrated Map of Genetic Interactions in Cancer Cells
Authors: Rauscher Benedikt , Heigwer Florian , Henkel Luisa , Hielscher Thomas , Voloshanenko Oksana , Boutros Michael 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCancer genomes often harbor hundreds of molecular aberrations. Such genetic variants can be drivers or passengers of tumorigenesis and, as a side effect, create new vulnerabilities for potential therapeutic exploitation. To systematically identify genotype-dependent vulnerabilities and synthetic lethal interactions, forward genetic screens in different genetic backgrounds have been conducted. We devised MINGLE, a computational framework that integrates CRISPR/Cas9 screens originating from many different libraries and laboratories to build genetic interaction maps. It builds on analytical approaches that were established for genetic network discovery in model organisms. We applied this method to integrate and analyze data from 85 CRISPR/Cas9 screens in human cancer cell lines combining functional data with information on genetic variants to explore the relationships of more than 2.1 million gene-background relationships. In addition to known dependencies, our analysis identified new genotype-specific vulnerabilities of cancer cells. Experimental validation of predicted vulnerabilities associated with aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling identifiedGANABandPRKCSHas new positive regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. By clustering genes with similar genetic interaction profiles, we drew the largest genetic network in cancer cells to date. Our scalable approach highlights how diverse genetic screens can be integrated to systematically build informative maps of genetic interactions in cancer, which can grow dynamically as more data is included.
Natural selection can favor ratchet robustness over mutational robustness
Authors: Lan Yinghong , Trout Aaron , Weinreich Daniel Michael , Wylie Christopher Scott 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe vast majority of fitness-affecting mutations are deleterious. How natural populations evolve to cope is a question of fundamental interest. Previous studies have reported the evolution of mutational robustness, that is, natural selection favoring populations with less deleterious mutations. By definition, mutational robustness provides a short-term fitness advantage. However, this overlooks the fact that mutational robustness decreases finite asexual populations’ ability to purge recurrent deleterious mutations. Thus, mutational robustness also results in higher risk of long-term extinction by Muller’s ratchet. Here, we explore the tension between short- and long- term response to deleterious mutations. We first show that populations can resist the ratchet if either the selection coefficient or the ratio of beneficial to deleterious mutations increases as fitness declines. We designate these properties as ratchet robustness, which fundamentally reflects a negative feedback between mutation rate and the tendency to accumulate more mutations. We also find in simulations that populations can evolve ratchet robustness when challenged by deleterious mutations. We conclude that mutational robustness cannot be selected for in the long term, but it can be favored in the short-term, purely because of temporary fitness advantage. We also discuss other potential causes of mutational robustness in nature.
Corrosion behavior of two candidate PEMFC’s bipolar plate materials
Authors: Allahkaram Saeed Reza , Mohammadi Namdar 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate corrosion behavior of bare and PbO2-coated stainless steel 316L, as prospective candidates for bipolar plates, in simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell’s (PEMFC’s) environment under operating potentials.

Design/methodology/approach
A set of potentiodynamic, as well as potentiostatic, electrochemical experiments was carried out under both anodic and cathodic potentials. Gathered data were analyzed via fast Fourier transform algorithm for further investigation. X-ray diffraction analysis was also used for determining coating characteristics upon completion of electrochemical experiments.

Findings
Results revealed that bare SS316L is a better candidate for bipolar plate material under anodic potential, as it is cathodically protected. However, PbO2-coated SS316L is favorable under cathodic potential, as bare specimen will suffer localized corrosion in the form of pitting.

Research limitations/implications
It would be of interest if all the experiments are carried out in a PEMFC stack.

Practical implications
This research strives to promote the use of electrochemical noise measurement for practical corrosion monitoring of coated bipolar plates in fuel cells.

Social implications
Improving the corrosion resistance of bipolar plates will expedite commercialization of PEMFCs, which in turn will translate into a substantial reduction in carbon footprint.

Originality/value
This research strives to promote the use of electrochemical noise measurement for practical corrosion monitoring of coated bipolar plates in fuel cells.
Multiple fault-based FDI and reconfiguration for aircraft engine sensors
Authors: Yazar Isil , Caliskan Fikret , Kiyak Emre 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Condition monitoring and health management of an aircraft engine is of importance due to engine’s critical position in aircraft. Missions require uninterrupted and safer conditions during the flight or taxi operations. Hence, the deviations, abnormal situations or failures have to be under control. This paper aims to propose a cascade connected approach for an aircraft engine fault tolerant control.

Design/methodology/approach
The cascade connected structure includes a full-order unknown input observer for fault detection and eliminating the unknown disturbance effect on system, a generalized observer scheme for fault isolation and a Boolean logic mechanism for decision-making in reconfiguration process, respectively. This combination is simulated on a linear turbojet engine model in case of unknown input disturbance and under various sensor failure scenarios.

Findings
The simulation results show that the suggested fault detection isolation reconfiguration (FDIR) approach works effectively for multiple sensor failures with various amplitudes.

Originality/value
Different from other studies, the proposed model is sensitive to unknown input disturbance and failures that have unknown amplitudes. One another notable feature of suggested FDIR approach is adaptability of structure against multiple sensor failures. Here, it is assumed that only a single fault is to be detected and isolated at a time. The simulation results show that the proposed structure can be suggested for linear models especially for physical redundancy-based real-time applications easily, quickly and effectively.
Mathematical model of one flexible transport category aircraft
Authors: Sousa Marcelo Santiago , Paglione Pedro , Silva Roberto Gil Annes , Cardoso-Ribeiro Flavio Luiz , Cunha Sebastião Simões 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a mathematical model of one very flexible transport category airplane whose structural dynamics was modeled with the strain-based formulation. This model can be used for the analysis of couplings between the flight dynamics and structural dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach
The model was developed with the use of Hamiltonian mechanics and strain-based formulation. Nonlinear flight dynamics, nonlinear structural dynamics and inertial couplings are considered.

Findings
The mathematical model allows the analysis of effects of high structural deformations on airplane flight dynamics.

Research limitations/implications
The mathematical model has more than 60 degrees of freedom. The computational burden is too high, if compared to the traditional rigid body flight dynamics simulations.

Practical implications
The mathematical model presented in this work allows a detailed analysis of the couplings between flight dynamics and structural dynamics in very flexible airplanes. The better comprehension of these couplings will contribute to the development of flexible airplanes.

Originality/value
This work presents the application of nonlinear flight dynamics-nonlinear structural dynamics-strain-based formulation (NFNS_s) methodology to model the flight dynamics of one very flexible transport category airplane. This paper addresses also the way as the analysis of results obtained in nonlinear simulations can be made. Comparisons of the NFNS_s and nonlinear flight dynamics-linear structural dynamics methodologies are presented in this work.
Optimization of turboprop ESFC and NOx emissions for UAV sizing
Authors: Dinc Ali 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a genuine code developed for multi-objective optimization of selected parameters of a turboprop unmanned air vehicle (UAV) for minimum landing-takeoff (LTO) nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and minimum equivalent power specific fuel consumption (ESFC) at loiter (aerial reconnaissance phase of flight) by using a genetic algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach
The genuine code developed in this study first makes computations on preliminary sizing of a UAV and its turboprop engine by analytical method for a given mission profile. Then, to minimize NOx emissions or ESFC or both of them, single and multi-objective optimization was done for the selected engine design parameters.

Findings
In single objective optimization, NOx emissions were reduced by 49 per cent from baseline in given boundaries or constraints of compressor pressure ratio and compressor polytropic efficiency in the first case. In second case, ESFC was improved by 25 per cent from baseline. In multi-objective optimization case, where previous two objectives were considered together, NOx emissions and ESFC decreased by 26.6 and 9.5 per cent from baseline, respectively.

Practical implications
Variation and trend in the NOx emission index and ESFC were investigated with respect to two engine design parameters, namely, compressor pressure ratio and compressor polytropic efficiency. Engine designers may take into account the findings of this study to reach a viable solution for the bargain between NOx emission and ESFC.

Originality/value
UAVs have different flight mission profiles or characteristics compared to manned aircraft. Therefore, they are designed in a different philosophy. As a number of UAV flights increase in time, fuel burn and LTO NOx emissions worth investigating due to operating costs and environmental reasons. The study includes both sizing and multi-objective optimization of an UAV and its turboprop engine in coupled form; compared to manned aircraft.
Business process point analysis: survey experiments
Authors: Baklizky Maruscia , Fantinato Marcelo , Thom Lucineia Heloisa , Sun Violeta , Hung Patrick C.K. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present business process point analysis (BPPA), a technique to measure business functional process size, based on function point analysis (FPA), and using business process model and notation (BPMN). This paper also discusses the assessment results of BPPA compared with FPA.

Design/methodology/approach
Two experimental studies with participants from academia and industry were conducted. The following aspects in the experimental studies were focused: similarity, application easiness, feasibility, and application benefits. The purpose of the experiment was to assess BPPA comparing with FPA as the BPPA design followed the FPA pattern.

Findings
Experimental results showed that both academia and industry groups highly rated similarity and application benefits for BPPA compared with FPA. However, only participants from industry highly rated BPPA for application easiness and feasibility. The results also showed that participants’ previous experiences did not influence their ratings on BPPA.

Originality/value
BPPA helps project managers to measure functional process size of business process management projects. As BPPA is derived from FPA, its mechanism is easily recognizable by project managers who are used to FPA. These results also show that both techniques are in most cases considered rather similar.
Exploring the intersection of business process improvement and BPM capability development
Authors: Lehnert Martin , Linhart Alexander , Roeglinger Maximilian 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Despite an obvious connection, business process improvement and business process management (BPM) capability development have been studied intensely, but in isolation. The authors thus aim to make the case for the research located at the intersection of both streams. The authors thereby focus on the integrated planning of business process improvement and BPM capability development as this is where, in the authors’ opinion, both streams have the closest interaction. The authors refer to the research field located at the intersection of business process improvement and BPM capability development as process project portfolio management. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors structure the field of process project portfolio management drawing from extant knowledge related to BPM, project portfolio management, and performance management. The authors also propose a research agenda in terms of exemplary research questions and research methods.

Findings
The proposed structure shows which business objects and interactions should be considered when engaging in process project portfolio management. The research agenda contains exemplary questions structured along the intersections of BPM, project portfolio management, and performance management.

Research limitations/implications
This paper’s main limitation is that it reflects the authors’ individual viewpoints based on experiences of several industry projects and prior research.

Originality/value
This paper addresses a neglected research field, opens up new avenues for interdisciplinary BPM research, and contributes a novel perspective to the ongoing discussion about the future of BPM.
Key risks in construction projects in Italy: contractors’ perspective
Authors: Rostami Ali , Oduoza Chike F. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Risks play an important role in the success of construction projects. Failure in identification and assessment of risks can lead to inadequacy in the process of managing risks, which in turn can critically affect the projects’ resources. A formal risk management is rarely practised in construction projects due to the lack of contractors’ awareness of key risks. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the investigation of risk factors in construction projects in Italy from contractors’ perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, based on which a total of ten key risks were ascertained. The identified risks were compared with the findings of the surveys conducted in the Australian and Chinese construction industry to address the unique risks associated with construction projects in Italy.

Findings
The key risks included delays in payments, client variations, design variations, inaccurate cost estimates, and tight project schedules. The comparison between those three countries specified the delays in payments and project funding problems as the most critical factors that are related to cultural influences and behaviour of clients. The findings assist contractors in the risk identification process, and can be applied to the development of a risk management framework for construction projects.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of this study cannot be generalised statistically for the whole of Italy as it was constrained geographically, with respondents drawn only from a self-selection sample of construction projects in the Veneto region of Northern Italy. The findings represent a snapshot of the key potential internal and external risks from the perspective of contractors.

Originality/value
The results of the study specified the key risks of construction projects from the perspective of contractors which can contribute to risk management for construction projects.
Using structural equation modelling (SEM) to understand the relationships among critical success factors (CSFs) for stakeholder management in construction
Authors: Molwus Jurbe Joseph , Erdogan Bilge , Ogunlana Stephen 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Stakeholder management plays a significant role in successfully delivering construction projects. However, being able to carry out effective stakeholder management in construction is contingent upon understanding the interrelationships among critical success factors (CSFs) for stakeholder management in construction and how they are related to project success (PS). This would enable the persons responsible for stakeholder management to know the logical process for addressing the CSFs in order to get stakeholder management right. The understanding of this relationship has not been addressed. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships between the CSFs for stakeholder management and PS in construction.

Design/methodology/approach
From an extensive literature review, 23 CSFs for stakeholder management in construction were identified. A conceptual structural equation model (SEM) of the relationships between CSFs was developed (including measurement and structural models) using the groupings of the CSFs for stakeholder management in construction. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from construction industry practitioners. The data so collected were analysed using SEM in analysis of moment structures (AMOS).

Findings
The SEM analysis of data collected resulted in the best fitting measurement model comprising 16 CSFs as indicators of four latent variables, namely, stakeholder characteristics and project characteristics (SCPC); stakeholder analysis (SA); stakeholder dynamics (SD); and stakeholder engagement/empowerment (SE). Furthermore, it was found that only SE has a direct positive impact on PS. The other three constructs SCPC, SA and understanding SD collectively impact on PS through the construct, SE.

Research limitations/implications
The research reported in this paper was carried out in the UK; hence, the findings may have portrayed the UK construction professionals’ opinion. However, the theoretical principles on which the research was based are general and similar research could be replicated in different countries whose construction procurement processes and industries are structured like those of the UK or otherwise.

Practical implications
The main contribution of this study to existing knowledge is an empirical evidence of the interrelationships among the CSFs for stakeholder management in construction through their latent variables which is portrayed in the best fitting structural model showing the relationships between the constructs of CSFs for stakeholder management and PS. This should serve as a guide to construction project management team or responsible professionals for undertaking stakeholder management in construction projects.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to theory by empirically identifying the interrelationships among the CSFs for stakeholder management linking to PS which will serve as a guide to construction professionals.