bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¿Descubrir, ampliar y profundizar?: una revisión de las contribuciones de la antropología a las investigaciones del tercer sector
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: November 2016

El perfil de los antropólogos y de los enfoques antropológicos en la investigación actual del tercer sector es relativamente escaso. La primera parte del artículo hace una revisión del estado del trabajo antropológico acerca de las organizaciones en general, antes de enfocarse de manera específica a los trabajos acerca del tercer sector. La segunda parte hace notar que recientemente los antropólogos han trabajado menos en esta área, pero muestra de qué manera los trabajos antropológicos recientes acerca de la burocracia, el desarrollo y las políticas públicas son altamente relevantes para los estudios del tercer sector. La conclusión del artículo es que la investigación antropológica puede descubrir más acerca del tercer sector oculto al proporcionar microrrelatos detallados, así como ampliar el espectro de los estudios del tercer sector (arrojando luz acerca de la diversidad de la vida organizacional y al cuestionar los prejuicios y el etnocentrismo occidentales), y, por último, puede profundizar en el análisis de los estudios del tercer sector a través del empleo distintivo de un análisis de temas sumamente complejos (como la cultura organizacional y los valores) centrado en el actor y en los procesos. Se concluye con la observación de que un mayor acercamiento a los estudios del tercer sector podría también ser benéfico para la antropología, la cual ha sido criticada en ciertos medios por su pérdida de relevancia en el mundo contemporáneo.
Orientación de los servicios microfinancieros hacia los más pobres
Authors: CONDE BONFIL CAROLA 
Published: November 2016

Una de las discusiones más relevantes en las microfinanzas actuales se refiere a si es necesario o contraproducente el enfoque de los servicios microfinancieros a los más pobres. En el documento se describen las metodologías más conocidas. Se concluye que el enfoque hacia grupos específicos restringe el acceso a los grupos considerados no vulnerables, con lo que corrige el denominado error de inclusión, pero aumenta las probabilidades de cometer el error de exclusión pues las metodologías diseñadas para orientar los programas calculan su eficacia para detectar a los más pobres entre 70 y 80%. Adicionalmente, se corre el riesgo de destruir el capital social existente en las comunidades donde operan los proyectos microfinancieros.
Espacio y política en el desarrollo territorial
Authors: Ramírez-Velázquez Blanca Rebeca 
Published: November 2016

El paso que existe en la literatura contemporánea del desarrollo regional al territorial lleva consigo un cambio importante en el significado de las categorías de espacio, región y territorio que es preciso evidenciar y clarificar para dar sentido a las nuevas orientaciones y posibilidades que tiene la política del desarrollo en la época contemporánea. Con el objetivo de contribuir a esta reflexión, se propone analizar los cambios más importantes ocurridos en el análisis sobre el desarrollo territorial a partir de la redefinición que se ha dado de la categoría de territorio en América Latina, abriendo su dimensión a los múltiples agentes que intervienen en el proceso, para integrar una estrategia que pueda redimensionar el desarrollo territorial a partir de la consideración de la multidimensionalidad que éste tiene en sus diferentes niveles y escalas.
Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and their Management
Authors: Thapa Neeraj , Shris Sachin , Pokharel Nabin , Tambay Yeshwant Gajanan , Kher Jayant R , Acharya Sumnima 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Increasing global prevalence of nephrolithiasis has resulted in the development of new minimally invasive techniques and has also led to the resurgence of established methods such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This procedure is now recommended as the first option for the treatment of single large or multiple renal stones and those in the inferior calyx. This study was done to assess the complications of PCNL and their management, in our centre.

Methods: Medical records of 144 patients who underwent PCNL at Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital, during the last one year were reviewed. The demographic data, size, tract number and location of the calculi, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated. The various parameters of the calculi were evaluated. Descriptive analysis with frequencies was done.

Results: Complications occurred in 13 (9.02%) patients. Post operative bleeding occurred in seven (4.8%) patients, out of which one patient developed pseudoaneurysms and the other developed arteriovenous fistula. One patient developed hypovolemic shock immediately after surgery. Frequent blockage of urine, excessive drainage of urine from the drain site, hemothorax and colonic perforation was seen in one patient each. One patient had mortality due to post operative bleeding. Complications increased with the number and size of stones and number and site of the tracts.

Conclusion: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy has low complication rate in experienced hands and complications depend upon stone size, history of open stone surgery, tract number, and tract location.
Intraperitoneal Hydrocortisone plus Bupivacaine versus Bupivacaine alone for Pain Relief after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Sharma Mahesh , Kharbuja Kalpana , Sharma Nil Raj 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been the gold standard in the treatment of gallstones since last decades. Beside several benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with open surgery, postoperative pain is still a frequent melancholy. Hence, pain management is utmost regarding patients' comfort. The main objective of the study was to compare the effect of intraperitoneal hydrocortisone plus bupivacaine with bupivacaine alone on pain relief following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: A randomized study was conducted from December 2015 to August 2015 that included 100 patients aged 20 to 60 years of both genders who were found to have symptomatic gallstones and were scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Lumbini Medical College. Patients randomly received 100 mg hydrocortisone plus 100 mg bupivacaine in 200 ml normal saline (group A) or 100 mg bupivacaine in 200 ml normal saline (group B) into the peritoneum. Post-operative abdominal and shoulder pain were evaluated using Visual Analog Score (VAS). The patients were also followed up for postoperative analgesic requirements, and recovery variables. Data were collected, tabulated and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 19.

Results: Total number of patients in this study were 100. Age and gender among both groups were comparable. VAS scores for pain was significantly lower for group A as compared to group B at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Time of oral intake in hrs for liquids and solids was statistically significant in Group A compared to Group B. Rescue analgesic requirement was also significantly low in Group A compared to Group B. Hospital stay in both group were comparable.

Conclusion: Combination of hydrocortisone plus bupivacaine can relieve pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy better compared to bupivacaine alone when administered intraperitoneally.
The Effect of Canagliflozin, a Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, on Glycemic End Points Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Patient-Reported Outcomes Among People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rodbard Helena W. , Peters Anne L. , Slee April , Cao Anjun , Traina Shana B. , Alba Maria 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, on glycemic parameters and measures of glucose variability assessed by a 9-point self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles, and patient-reported outcomes as an add-on to insulin among participants with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this randomized, double-blind study, 351 participants received canagliflozin 100 or 300 mg or placebo for 18 weeks. Change from baseline in daily mean glucose and SD was measured using a 9-point SMBG profile. In a subset of 89 participants who underwent CGM, the change from baseline in mean glucose, measures of glycemic variability (SD, coefficient of variation, and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions), and time spent in glycemic ranges were assessed. Change in treatment satisfaction was evaluated using the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (n = 328).

RESULTS
At week 18, reductions in daily mean glucose and SD measured using the 9-point SMBG profile were seen with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg versus placebo. Reductions in mean glucose (−1.2, −0.7, and 0.6 mmol/L) and measures of glycemic variability assessed by CGM, such as changes in glucose SD (−0.3, −0.7, and 0.1 mmol/L), were also seen with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg versus placebo, respectively. Canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg were associated with increases in time spent within target (glucose &gt;3.9 to ≤10.0 mmol/L) compared with placebo (11.6%, 10.1%, and −3.5%, respectively) and commensurate reductions in time spent above the target level (glucose &gt;10.0 mmol/L; −12.7%,−7.6%, and 5.7%, respectively). Participants showed greater improvement in treatment satisfaction with canagliflozin versus placebo; reductions in insulin dose, SD of glucose, and body weight contributed to the relationship between canagliflozin and satisfaction change.

CONCLUSIONS
Canagliflozin improved indices of glycemic variability and was associated with improvement in treatment satisfaction versus placebo over 18 weeks among participants with type 1 diabetes. Although these data from this study demonstrate the potential benefits of canagliflozin in people with type 1 diabetes, canagliflozin is not approved for the treatment of type 1 diabetes and should not currently be used in people with type 1 diabetes.
Differential Patterns of Impaired Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Recently Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Röhling Martin , Strom Alexander , Bönhof Gidon , Püttgen Sonja , Bódis Kálmán , Müssig Karsten , Szendrödi Julia , Markgraf Daniel , Lehr Stefan , Roden Michael , Ziegler Dan ,   for the German Diabetes Study Group
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVEBoth impaired cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and heart rate variability (HRV) are predictors of mortality, but their relative roles in recent-onset diabetes are unknown. We determined to which extent CRF and HRV are reduced and interrelated in recent-onset diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSParticipants from the German Diabetes Study with type 1 (n = 163) or type 2 (n = 188) diabetes with known diabetes duration &lt;1 year and two age-matched glucose-tolerant control groups (n = 40 each) underwent spiroergometry and HRV assessment during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.RESULTSCompared with control subjects, patients with type 2 diabetes showed reduced VO2max (median [1st–3rd quartiles] 19.3 [16.5–22.9] vs. 25.6 [20.7–29.9] mL/kg body weight/min; P &lt; 0.05), diminished VCO2max (23.0 [19.1–26.8] vs. 30.9 [24.5–34.4] mL/kg body weight/min; P &lt; 0.05), blunted heart rate recovery after 2 min (−29.0 [−35.0 to −23.0] vs. −36.0 [−42.8 to −28.0] beats/min; P &lt; 0.05), and reduced HRV in four of nine indices, whereas patients with type 1 diabetes had unaltered CRF but reduced HRV in three of nine indices (P &lt; 0.05), indicating diminished vagal and sympathetic HRV modulation. HRV measures correlated with VO2max in patients with type 1 diabetes (r &gt;0.34; P &lt; 0.05) but not in those with type 2 diabetes.CONCLUSIONSCRF is reduced in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes but preserved in type 1 diabetes, whereas cardiac autonomic function is reduced in both diabetes types but is strongly associated with CRF only in type 1 diabetes. These results support the therapeutic concept of promoting physical fitness in the early course of diabetes.
Comparison of antibacterial effects among three foams used with negative pressure wound therapy in an ex vivo equine perfused wound model
Authors: Van Hecke Lore L. , Haspeslagh Maarten , Hermans Katleen , Martens Ann M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare antibacterial effects among 3 types of foam used with negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in an ex vivo equine perfused wound model.
SAMPLES Abdominal musculocutaneous flaps from 6 equine cadavers.
PROCEDURES Each musculocutaneous flap was continuously perfused with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Four 5-cm circular wounds were created in each flap and contaminated with 106 CFUs of both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). After a 1-hour incubation period, 1 of 4 treatments (NPWT with silver-impregnated polyurethane foam [NPWT-AgPU], polyurethane foam [NPWT-PU], or polyvinyl alcohol foam [NPWT-PVA] or a nonadherent dressing containing polyhexamethylene biguanide without NPWT [control]) was randomly applied to each wound. An 8-mm punch biopsy specimen was obtained from each wound immediately before and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after treatment application to determine the bacterial load for both P aeruginosa and MRSA.
RESULTS The bacterial load of P aeruginosa for the NPWT-PVA treatment was significantly lower than that for the other 3 treatments at each sampling time after application, whereas the bacterial load for the NPWT-AgPU treatment was significantly lower than that for the NPWT-PU and control treatments at 12 hours after application. The bacterial load of MRSA for the NPWT-PVA treatment was significantly lower than that for the other 3 treatments at each sampling time after application.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that wounds treated with NPWT-PVA had the greatest decrease in bacterial load; however, the effect of that treatment on wound healing needs to be assessed in vivo.
Pharmacokinetics of zonisamide following rectal administration to healthy dogs
Authors: Michaels Jennifer R. , Hodshon Amy J. , Thomas William B. , Boothe Dawn M. , Williams Lindsay 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of zonisamide following rectal administration of 20 or 30 mg/kg suspended in sterile water or polyethylene glycol (PEG) to healthy dogs and determine whether either dose resulted in plasma zonisamide concentrations within the recommended therapeutic target range (10 to 40 μg/mL).
ANIMALS 8 healthy mixed-breed dogs.
PROCEDURES Each dog received each of 2 doses (20 or 30 mg/kg) of zonisamide suspended in each of 2 delivery substrates (sterile water or PEG) in a randomized crossover study with a 7-day washout period between phases. A blood sample was collected from each dog immediately before and at predetermined times for 48 hours after zonisamide administration. Plasma zonisamide concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and data were analyzed with a noncompartmental model.
RESULTS Mean maximum plasma concentration, time to maximum plasma concentration, mean residence time, and elimination half-life did not differ significantly among the 4 treatments. The mean maximum plasma concentration for all 4 treatments was less than the therapeutic target range. The mean ± SD area under the concentration-time curve for the 30 mg/kg-in-water treatment (391.94 ± 237.00 h•μg/mL) was significantly greater than that for the 20 mg/kg-in-water (146.19 ± 66.27 h•μg/mL) and 20 mg/kg-in-PEG (87.09 ± 96.87 h•μg/mL) treatments.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that rectal administration of zonisamide at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg failed to achieve plasma zonisamide concentrations within the recommended therapeutic target range. Therefore, rectal administration of zonisamide cannot be recommended as a suitable alternative to oral administration.
LONG FADING MID-INFRARED EMISSION IN TRANSIENT CORONAL LINE EMITTERS: DUST ECHO OF A TIDAL DISRUPTION FLARE
Authors: Dou Liming , Wang Ting-gui , Jiang Ning , Yang Chenwei , Lyu Jianwei , Zhou Hongyan 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The sporadic accretion following the tidal disruption of a star by a super-massive black hole (TDE) leads to a bright UV and soft X-ray flare in the galactic nucleus. The gas and dust surrounding the black hole responses to such a flare with an echo in emission lines and infrared emission. In this paper, we report the detection of long fading mid-IR emission lasting up to 14 years after the flare in four TDE candidates with transient coronal lines using the WISE public data release. We estimate that the reprocessed mid-IR luminosities are in the range between

and

erg s−1 and dust temperature in the range of 570–800 K when WISE first detected these sources three to five years after the flare. Both luminosity and dust temperature decrease with time. We interpret the mid-IR emission as the infrared echo of the tidal disruption flare. We estimate the UV luminosity at the peak flare to be 1 to 30 times 1044 erg s−1 and that for warm dust masses to be in the range of 0.05–1.3

within a few parsecs. Our results suggest that the mid-infrared echo is a general signature of TDE in the gas-rich environment.
Application of Satellite Remote Sensing Data during OATRC 2015 Research Expedition
Authors: Matskevitch Dmitri , Løset Sveinung , Shafrova Svetlana , Mitchel Douglas , Holub Curtis 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), in collaboration with the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat (SPRS), conducted the "Oden Arctic Technology Research Cruise" (OATRC2015) in the autumn of 2015. The ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company (EMURC) supported and participated in OATRC2015, as further described in a 2016 ATC companion paper by Lubbad et al. (2016).
The main objectives of OATRC2015 expedition, conducted in the Arctic Ocean North of Svalbard, included collection of full-scale data for modelling floaters in ice and collection of full-scale data for modelling ice management operations. Amongst other research, satellite remote sensing technology was used extensively to support the ice management objectives: (1) preparation for the expedition and site selection; (2) monitoring of ice conditions and results of the trials during the expedition; (3) and ice monitoring in the trials area after the expedition. Both publically and commercially available satellite data were acquired and analyzed.
The paper discusses the role and the importance of satellite remote sensing data in organizing and executing the ice management research as well as challenges associated with satellite data acquisition, interpretation and timely delivery to the vessels operating at 82°N.
The satellite data used at different stages of OATRC2015 expedition covers a wide spectrum ranging from ultra-high resolution images (e.g. WorldView 3 optical satellite imagery with 30 cm resolution and CosmoSkyMed X-band radar satellite imagery with 1 m resolution) to publically available low-resolution AQUA/TERRA MODIS optical satellite imagery with 250 m resolution and 50m resolution Sentinel-1 C-band radar imagery. Approximately 230 satellite images were acquired and analyzed in support of OATRC2015.
A Study of the Ethnotechnology of Indigenous Craft in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Waters of North America
Authors: Noble Peter G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The design and construction of water-borne craft using "scientific" methods is a relatively recent development in the context of the whole history of humankind, and is by no means universally applied even today. Many traditional craft in current service still rely on the process akin to Darwin's natural selection concept.
And the evolutionary process continues from Madagascar outrigger fishing canoes to Bangkok water taxis with "long-tail" propulsion systems, and from Haitian fishing boats with high performance new sails built from poly-tarp material to whaling umiaks in NW Alaska covered with tensioned membrane skins made from walrus hide and equipped with outboard motors.
There can be value in studying the design, construction and operational approaches of these craft, which can lead to insights for the modern naval architect. Lessons such as optimizing weight/strength ratios, minimizing resistance, utilizing materials in clever ways, developing repairable structures etc., can all be learned from the study of indigenous craft.
The indigenous peoples living above of the tree line on the North American continent exist in an environment where much of what is required to survive and thrive comes from the sea. This paper will specifically describe the development of skin- covered craft for use to support of the life-styles of the peoples of Arctic and Sub-Arctic North America in Alaska, Canada and Greenland.
Special Oversight Measures for Deepwater and Critical Wells in Harsh Environments
Authors: Conway M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
As a result of the Deepwater Horizon disaster and Macondo well blowout, the Canada-Newfoundland & Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board (C-NLOPB) identified the need to establish Special Oversight Measures for deepwater wells. The Special Oversight Measures were implemented in response to the heightened concerns regarding offshore drilling risks, and to have extra visibility of Operator efforts in applying the lessons learned from the incident to prevent similar occurrences in the C-NLOPB jurisdiction. The application of the C-NLOPB's Special Oversight Measures has since evolved to include higher risk drilling programs such as high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) wells, ultra-deepwater wells, and harsh environment drilling where there is increased potential for a well control incident to occur.
The C-NLOPB's Special Oversight Measures are an initiative that has significantly increased the rigour with which drilling in extreme offshore conditions is regulated in Eastern Canada. The Canada Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board (CNSOPB) has also adopted these special measures to aid in their oversight of deepwater drilling programs. These initiatives have also been presented to North Sea regulatory working groups to communicate success and advancement in this area. There are a tremendous number of parallels between drilling in the harsh environment of offshore Newfoundland and Labrador and arctic regions worldwide. The C-NLOPB's Special Oversight Measures are being shared with the aim of collaboratively establishing a heightened regulatory expectation on the stringent application of best practices for high risk drilling campaigns in Canada and worldwide.