bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Peatland Emission Factors: Unravelling the Need for Standardized Measurement and Reporting
Authors: Kazmere Dita , Feofilovs Maksims , Romagnoli Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Peatlands have a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, acting as significant carbon sinks, but become a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when peatlands are drained, and during peat extraction. This article presents a comprehensive overview of peatland ecosystems, emphasizing their classification across various climatic zones and the complex set of different characteristics that determine contribution to GHG emissions. Currently, inconsistencies exist in the definition of emission factors used between countries leading to varied approaches in estimating peatland emissions and posing significant challenges in the comparison and aggregation of global data on peat extraction related GHG. The aim of the study is to analyse the disparities in emission factors and calculation methodologies employed by different countries. Data from national GHG emission reports are submitted under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. Emissions report data calculations and emission factors can be based on either nationally determined data or data specified in the IPCC guidelines. Consequently, emission factor data for four countries - Latvia, Finland, Sweden and Germany - are collected and processed, which was compared with IPCC guidelines data. The data was compared by equating units of measurement. The results show there is a pronounced difference between the emission factors of each country, however, all of these factors are lower than the maximum values specified in the IPCC guidelines. The study concludes that emission factors are predetermined differently for each country, and it is not possible to determine the differences among assumptions for parameters included in the specification of the emission factors. The results suggest there is a need for development of a more transparent accounting for emissions with regard to the diverse environmental and anthropogenic factors influencing peatland ecosystems. Factors like composition, depth of peat, water table levels, and local land-use practices further compound this variability in emission accounting. Addressing these challenges is crucial for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of GHG emission reporting under international frameworks like the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol.
Design of Flat Loop Reactor with Bubble Column Circulation, Algae Growing Equipment
Authors: Tolner Imre Tibor , Tolner László , Jančo Roland 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Based on the flow modeling and operational experience of the previous cylindrical loop reactor, we designed a sheet reactor combined with a loop reactor. The design with a cylindrical cross-section was applied to an equivalent cross-section (sheet) of several squares arranged next to each other. In accordance with the sedimentation processes experienced in the outlet branch, we created an algae trap, thereby reducing the flow to the level necessary for sedimentation. With this, I would like to achieve the already experienced, nearly 10-fold increase in algae concentration compared to the one in the mainstream.
Stress Analysis of Pressing Joint of Two Conical Pipes – Part 2
Authors: Jančo Roland 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The paper presents a strength analysis of a pressed joint of two conical pipes with the aim of finding out whether this method of connection is suitable for telecommunication masts. In this paper, a solution using an engineering approach and a finite element method (FEM) numerical analysis for transversal direction will be compared.
Development Hybrid High-Speed Electro Pneumatic Spindles Drive Unit
Authors: Ondruška Juraj , Šooš Lubomír , Babics Jozef , Bošanský Miroslav , Protasov Roman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The essence of the research is the search for geometric, material and technological limits of the new concept of spinning spindles. Considering the trend of introducing new generation electric drives into the segment of high-speed spinning spindles (over 120,000 rpm), it is necessary to map and describe the basic physical connections, to find the necessary dependencies and correlations of individual design parameters and their limits for the design of a new generation of spindles. Due to the design limitations of the original and years-used spindle drive concept with a belt and the requirement for the production and development of a new generation of spun fibers, it is necessary to expand the basic knowledge for the design of spindles of the new concept, the design of which will be based on the knowledge and dependencies obtained by measuring and examining the basic principles and determining parameters for the design of spindle structures of a new progressive concept.
Prediction of Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Assembly Processes Using Machine Learning
Authors: Dobra Péter , Jósvai János 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, a lot of data is generated in production and also in the domain of assembly, from which different patterns can be extracted using machine learning methods with the support of data mining. With the support of various modern technical and Information Technology (IT) tools, the recording, storage and processing of large amounts of data is now a routine activity. Based on machine learning, efficiency metrics including Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), can be partially predicted, but industrial companies need more accurate and reliable methods. The analyzed algorithms can be used in general for all production units or machines where production data is recorded by Manufacturing Execution System (MES) or other Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are available. This paper presents and determinates which most used machine learning methods should be combined with each other in order to achieve a better prediction result.
Agrotechnical Research Of Subsoil Chisel Tools
Authors: Rácz Péter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the course of the comparative investigation, energetic and working-quality tests were carried out with three frequently used soil-loosening implement types in field-land conditions – such as wide blade, duck-foot and chisel undercutting (‘Paraplow’) type loosening elements. When evaluating the results of the test, we qualified the implement-tools with the help an arbitrarily defined constructional factor; in this way, an order of the tool constructions was determined.
Macrogeometric Measurement of Camshafts of Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Solecki Levente , Nagy Szilvia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, cam profiles of a camshaft are measured by a roundness measurement machine. First, the measured cam profiles are transformed into their actual sizes, based on the measurement of the bearing locations. The 8 cams of the camshaft are of two types. From the 4–4 cam profiles of each type an approximate profile is created by fitting them to one another using their base circles as reference, and calculating the center of gravity of the cumulative points of these fitted profiles corresponding to an arc segment.
Decomposing the Gender Wage Gap in the Urban Labor Market in Kenya
Authors: Alwago Wycliffe Obwori 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Legislation and regulation have been effective in reducing the gender wage gap in developed countries; however, the gap still exists globally, and progress towards narrowing the gap has been unacceptably slow even in regions where it is improving. This study presents the analysis of gender wage gap in Kenya’s urban labor market by using the World Bank Skills Towards Employability and Productivity Survey (WBSTEPS). This study employed Mincer earnings regressions with Heckman selection correction and the Blinder-Oaxaca and Neumark decomposition procedures to answer the research questions. The results of the wage determination and participation in the labor market show that there is no selectivity-bias problem. Personal characteristics such as education and age, as well as work-related characteristics, are important factors in determining earnings. The magnitude of the gender wage gap varies across the wage distribution, and the results of the wage decomposition reveal that women in urban Kenya earn 84.5-to-86% of men’s earnings. The earnings gap is overwhelmingly due to differences in returns to endowments, which account for between 70% and 94.7% of the total earnings gap. Admittedly, the study found evidence of discrimination against women in the returns to endowments, but also observed pronounced favoritism towards men. However, discrimination against women is more pronounced than favoritism towards men. Addressing the gender wage gap in Kenya requires a multifaceted approach that tackles both systemic biases against women and structural barriers that hinder women from accessing equal opportunities in education, training, and career advancement and government policies that minimize favoritism towards men.
How Organizational Inefficiency Adversely Affects Number-of-Employee Based Production Outputs
Authors: Forrest Jeffrey Yi-Lin , Kara Orhan , Augustin Lua A. , Uzuner Gizem , Liu Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study uses an analytical approach to investigate the emerging disconnect between firm size and financial performance, as observed recently from a set of long-term data collected from U.S. public firms. By holding all organizational aspects of a firm constant, it confirms the validity of the old saying that the larger a firm is, the better chance it can secure advantages against rivals and the higher returns it can fetch. However, if the assumption about organizational aspects is removed, the present study shows that if a firm employs its assets to increase production output through hiring additional employees, then the consequently increased organizational inefficiency, as caused by interactions of the employees, will soon erase the expected increase in the output. Additionally, it is also shown, among other results, that when a firm hires additional human labor to meet the increasing market demand, the expected profit will decline after first reaching its maximum level. These results crystalize what has been speculated and what have been empirically observed. In the conclusion section, it is recommended that increasing a firm’s size, in terms of the number of employees, is not a realistic, efficient solution to meeting the challenge of increasing market demand. Instead, any genuine solution must satisfy the condition that it does not increase the organization’s inefficiency of the firm, such as increasing the magnitude of automation and/or digitization.
The Relationship Between the Shadow Economy, Corruption, and Taxes: Empirical Evidence from Countries with High and Low Financial Development
Authors: Oanh Tran Thi Kim , Quoc Huynh Van , Nha Lam Tuan , Chau Nguyen Thi Bao , Phat Nguyen Huu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The paper explores the relationship between the shadow economy, corruption, and taxes in 25 high-financial developed countries (HFDCs) and 30 low-financial developed countries (LFDCs) using the PVAR method. The results of the impulse-response function show that the corruption perception index (CPI) has a positive correlation with tax revenue and the shadow economy in HFDCs, while tax revenue and the shadow economy are negatively correlated. In contrast, in LFDCs, the shadow economy has a positive correlation with tax revenue and a negative correlation with the CPI. In addition, the study also suggests that there is no relationship between tax revenue and the CPI. From the above findings, we propose several related policies for each group of countries.
Administrative Liability for Offenses Committed in the Information and Telecommunications Network Internet: problems and Solutions
Authors: Юркова О.А. , Соболева А.А. 
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема административной ответственности за правонарушения в сети Интернет. Акцентируется внимание на растущей сложности расследования таких инцидентов из-за анонимности пользователей и глобальности информационной сети. Исследуются объективные и субъективные признаки таких административных правонарушений, как оскорбление, пропаганда наркотических средств, сбор и незаконное распространение персональных данных; вносятся предложения по усилению системы регулирования и контроля, включая изменения в законодательстве и ужесточение административных санкций. Особое внимание уделяется необходимости сотрудничества с интернет-провайдерами и общественными организациями, повышению грамотности пользователей и усилению мониторинга интернет-пространства для эффективного реагирования и превентивных действий против правонарушений в сети.
The article examines the problem of administrative liability for offenses on the Internet. The focus is on the growing complexity of investigating such incidents due to the anonymity of users and the global nature of the information network. The objective and subjective signs of such administrative offenses as insult, propaganda of narcotic drugs, collection and illegal distribution of personal data are studied; proposals are made to strengthen the system of regulation and control, including changes in legislation and tougher administrative sanctions. Particular attention is paid to the need for cooperation with Internet providers and public organizations, increasing user literacy and strengthening monitoring of the Internet space for effective response and preventive actions against offenses on the network.
Spiritual and Moral Values in Legal Documents of Russia: Reflection in the Information Space
Authors: Митин А.Н. , Лебедев Д.В. 
Published: October 2024

В настоящей публикации предлагается к обсуждению вопрос о традиционных российских духовно-нравственных ценностях, их отражении в отечественном законодательстве и присутствии в информационном пространстве при условии обеспечения информационной безопасности. Анализируется понятие «традиционные духовно-нравственные ценности», рассматривается история его использования в правовом дискурсе и правовых документах. Обсуждаются правовые последствия юридического оформления понятия «традиционные ценности». Авторы приходят к выводу, что включение в российский правовой дискурс понятия «традиционные ценности» исторически оправдано и позволяет способствовать противодействию угрозам, с которыми сталкивается России в условиях политической и социальной реальности. Авторы анализируют особенности репрезентации традиционных ценностей в информационном пространстве в эпоху «постправды» и приходят к выводу, что выбранная государством политика противодействия антиобщественным, деструктивным проявлениям через обращение к традиционным ценностям может быть эффективной. Это обусловлено целевым предназначением традиционных ценностей в консолидации общества, обеспечении суверенитета государства.
This publication proposes to discuss the issue of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, their reflection in domestic legislation, and their presence in the information space, provided that information security is ensured. The article analyzes the concept of "traditional spiritual and moral values", examines the history of its use in legal discourse and legal documents in particular. The legal consequences of the legal formalization of the concept of "traditional values" are discussed. The authors conclude that the inclusion of the concept of "traditional values" in the Russian legal discourse is historically justified and makes it possible to contribute to countering the threats faced by Russia in the context of political and social reality. The authors analyze the peculiarities of the representation of traditional values in the information space in the era of "post-truth" and come to the conclusion that the policy chosen by the state to counter antisocial, destructive manifestations through an appeal to traditional values can be effective. This is due to the purpose of traditional values in consolidating society and ensuring the sovereignty of the state.
Transformations of Copyright Legislation in the Context of the Development of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Михайлова И.А. 
Published: October 2024

В настоящее время все более широко распространяется практика создания произведений с использованием искусственного интеллекта, что неизбежно затрагивает действующее законодательство об авторском праве. Внедрение в творческую деятельность технологий искусственного интеллекта принципиально меняет процесс создания произведений литературы, науки и искусства, поскольку многие решения, связанные с интеллектуальной деятельностью, компьютерная программа принимает без вмешательства человека. Анализируя российское и зарубежное законодательство и судебную практику, автор выявляет различные подходы к решению вопроса о возможности правовой защиты произведений, созданных с использованием искусственного интеллекта, исследует представленные в доктрине суждения относительно проблемы признания авторских прав на такие произведения и примеры регламентации отношений, возникающих в рассматриваемой сфере. На основании проведенного исследования формулируется вывод о необходимости законодательного закрепления по меньшей мере базовых требований к использованию искусственного интеллекта в творческой деятельности, включая установление критериев охраноспособности произведений, созданных при его участии, а также маркировки продукта как сгенерированного искусственным интеллектом.
Currently, the practice of creating works using artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly widespread, which inevitably affects current copyright legislation. The introduction of artificial intelligence technologies into creative activity fundamentally changes the process of creating works of literature, science and art, since many decisions related to intellectual activity are made by a computer program without human intervention. Analyzing Russian and foreign legislation and judicial practice, the author identifies different approaches to resolving the issue of the possibility of legal protection of works created using artificial intelligence, analyzes the judgments presented in the doctrine regarding the problem of recognizing copyright in such works and considers examples of the regulation of relations arising in the considered sphere. Based on the study, a conclusion is formulated about the need to legislate at least basic requirements for the use of artificial intelligence in creative activities, including establishing criteria for the protection of works created with its participation, as well as labeling a product as generated by artificial intelligence.
Legal and Organizational Issues of Interdepartmental Cooperation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Field of Migration
Authors: Прудникова Т.А. , Брунер Р.А. 
Published: October 2024

В статье анализируется актуальные проблемы взаимодействия органов внутренних дел на районном и региональном уровне в сфере миграции. Авторы отмечают необходимость создания единой базы учета иностранных граждан и своевременного внесения данных о мигрантах во все имеющиеся базы учета.
The article analyzes current problems of interaction between internal affairs agencies at the district and regional levels in the field of migration. The authors note the need to create a single database for recording foreign citizens and timely entry of data on migrants into all existing databases.
Features of Determining the Object of Crimes in the Field of Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
Authors: Зарина А.М. 
Published: October 2024

В настоящее время при квалификации преступлений в сфере незаконного оборота наркотических средств и психотропных веществ актуальной остается проблема определения объекта преступления. При определении объекта преступного деяния важно руководствоваться как международными правовыми актами, так и внутренними государственными законами. Исследуемые составы преступлений относятся к категории многообъектных. В статье дается понятие «незаконный оборот наркотических средств и психотропных веществ».
Today, when qualifying crimes in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the problem of determining the object of the crime remains relevant. When determining the object of a criminal act, it is important to be guided by both international legal acts and internal state laws. The crimes under study belong to the category of multi-objective crimes. The article gives the concept of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
On the Concept of Legal Counteraction to Extremist Activity in the Information Sphere
Authors: Быков Е.П. 
Published: October 2024

В условиях специальной военной операции противоборство в информационном пространстве Российской Федерации приобретает четко выраженный характер информационной войны. В качестве одного из ключевых инструментов этой разновидности войны выступает экстремистская деятельность, осуществляемая в информационной сфере. Автор рассматривает актуальную научно-практическую проблему, связанную с анализом понятия «правовое противодействие экстремистской деятельности в инфосфере», а также административно-правовые аспекты деятельности компетентных органов публичной власти, нацеленной на предупреждение, выявление и пресечение запрещенных административным законодательством противоправных деяний экстремистской направленности в инфосфере, совершаемых при помощи информационно-телекоммуникационных и цифровых технологий.
In the context of a special military operation, confrontation in the information space of the Russian Federation acquires a clearly expressed character of an information war. Extremist activity carried out in the information sphere acts as one of the key instruments of this type of war. The author examines a current scientific and practical problem associated with the analysis of the concept of "legal counteraction to extremist activity in the infosphere", as well as administrative and legal aspects of the activities of competent public authorities aimed at preventing, identifying and suppressing illegal acts of an extremist nature in the infosphere prohibited by administrative legislation, committed with the help of information and telecommunication and digital technologies.