bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trial of an Oral Live Shigella sonnei Vaccine Candidate, WRSS1, in Thai Adults
Authors: Pitisuttithum Punnee , Islam Dilara , Chamnanchanunt Supat , Ruamsap Nattaya , Khantapura Patchariya , Kaewkungwal Jaranit , Kittitrakul Chatporn , Luvira Viravarn , Dhitavat Jittima , Venkatesan Malabi M. , Mason Carl J. , Bodhidatta Ladaporn 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTLive attenuatedShigella sonneivaccine candidate WRSS1, previously tested in U.S. and Israeli volunteers, was evaluated in a population of adult Thai volunteers in which the organism is endemic. In a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind design, inpatient participants received a single oral dose of 1.6 × 104CFU of WRSS1. The vaccine was generally well tolerated, with equal numbers of vaccinees and placebo controls showing mild symptoms. Only 3 of 13 vaccinees (23%) had culture-positive stools, while a total of 9 vaccinees were positive by PCR. Lack of vaccine shedding in volunteers correlated with lack of clinical symptoms and immune responses, just as the duration of fecal shedding correlated directly with stronger immune responses. Two months following immunization, 10 vaccinees and 10 newly recruited naive controls received a challenge dose of 1,670 CFU of virulentS. sonneistrain 53G. This dose had previously demonstrated a 75% attack rate for dysentery in Thai volunteers. However, in this study the attack rate for dysentery in naive controls after challenge was 20%. Based on clinical record summaries, 3 vaccinees and 5 naive controls experienced clinically relevant illness (diarrhea/dysentery/fever/shigellosis), and a 40% vaccine efficacy was calculated. When these data are compared to those for the performance of this vaccine candidate in more naive populations, it is clear that a single oral dose of WRSS1 at 104CFU failed to achieve its full potential in a population in which the organism is endemic. Higher doses and/or repeated immunizations may contribute to improved vaccine shedding and consequent elevation of protective immune responses in a population in which the organism is endemic. (The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01080716.)
Resistance Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Approaches to Screening for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus in the Health Care Setting
Authors: Faron Matthew L. , Ledeboer Nathan A. , Buchan Blake W. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Infections attributable to vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus
(VRE) strains have become increasingly prevalent over the past decade. Prompt identification of colonized patients combined with effective multifaceted infection control practices can reduce the transmission of VRE and aid in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Increasingly, the clinical microbiology laboratory is being asked to support infection control efforts through the early identification of potential patient or environmental reservoirs. This review discusses the factors that contribute to the rise of VRE as an important health care-associated pathogen, the utility of laboratory screening and various infection control strategies, and the available laboratory methods to identify VRE in clinical specimens.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Fails To Identify Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Primary Cultures of Respiratory Samples
Authors: van Eck Kim , Faro Dirk , Wattenberg Melanie , de Jong Arjan , Kuipers Saskia , van Ingen Jakko 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We have assessed matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identification (Bruker) of nontuberculous mycobacteria from newly positive liquid cultures of respiratory samples. Twelve (22%) of 54 isolates were identified directly from liquid medium. After subculture and with manual laser operation, this rose to 49/54 isolates (91%). MALDI-TOF MS is less promising than previously suggested.
Assessing Immunity to Rubella Virus: a Plea for Standardization of IgG (Immuno)assays
Authors: Bouthry Elise , Furione Milena , Huzly Daniela , Ogee-Nwankwo Adaeze , Hao LiJuan , Adebayo Adebola , Icenogle Joseph , Sarasini Antonella , Revello Maria Grazia , Grangeot-Keros Liliane , Vauloup-Fellous Christelle 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Immunity to rubella virus (RV) is commonly determined by measuring specific immunoglobulin G (RV IgG). However, RV IgG results and their interpretation may vary, depending on the immunoassay, even though most commercial immunoassays (CIAs) have been calibrated against an international standard and results are reported in international units per milliliter. A panel of 322 sera collected from pregnant women that tested negative or equivocal for RV IgG in a prior test (routine screening) was selected. This panel was tested with two reference tests, immunoblotting (IB) and neutralization (Nt), and with 8 CIAs widely used in Europe. IB and Nt gave concordant results on 267/322 (82.9%) sera. Of these, 85 (26.4%) sera were negative and 182 (56.5%) sera were positive for both tests. All 85 IB/Nt-negative samples were classified as negative with all CIAs. Of the 182 IB/Nt-positive samples, 25.3 to 61.5% were classified as equivocal and 6 to 64.8% were classified as positive with the CIAs. Wide variations in titers in international units per milliliter were observed. In our series, more than half of the women considered susceptible to RV based on CIA results tested positive for RV antibodies by IB/Nt. Our data suggest that (i) sensitivity of CIAs could be increased by considering equivocal results as positive and (ii) the definition of immunity to RV as the 10-IU/ml usual cutoff as well as the use of quantitative results for clinical decisions may warrant reconsideration. A better standardization of CIAs for RV IgG determination is needed.
Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus in Blood Samples from Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Units by Use of the SeptiFast Assay
Authors: Steinmann Joerg , Buer Jan , Rath Peter-Michael 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

We retrospectively analyzed the performance and relevance of the SeptiFast assay in detecting
Aspergillus fumigatus
DNA in whole blood samples from 38 critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients with probable or proven invasive aspergillosis (IA) and 100 ICU patients without IA. The assay exhibited 66% sensitivity, 98% specificity, a 93% positive predictive value, and an 88% negative predictive value.
A. fumigatus
DNAemia was associated with poor outcome.
Functional Regulation of an Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus-Encoded MicroRNA, AcMNPV-miR-1, in Baculovirus Replication
Authors: Zhu Mengxiao , Wang Jinwen , Deng Riqiang , Wang Xunzhang 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

An Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus-encoded microRNA (miRNA), AcMNPV-miR-1, downregulates the
ac94
gene, reducing the production of infectious budded virions and accelerating the formation of occlusion-derived virions. In the current study, four viruses that constitutively overexpress AcMNPV-miR-1 were constructed to further explore the function of the miRNA. In addition to the
ac94
gene, two new viral gene targets (
ac18
and
ac95
) of AcMNPV-miR-1 were identified, and the possible interacting proteins were verified and tested. In the context of AcMNPV-miR-1 overexpression,
ac18
was slightly upregulated, and
ac95
was downregulated. Several interacting proteins were identified, and a functional pathway for AcMNPV-miR-1 was deduced. AcMNPV-miR-1 overexpression decreased budded virus infectivity, reduced viral DNA replication, accelerated polyhedron formation, and promoted viral infection efficiency in
Trichoplusia ni
larvae, suggesting that AcMNPV-miR-1 restrains virus infection of cells but facilitates virus infection of larvae.

IMPORTANCE
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely reported as moderators or regulators of mammalian cellular processes, especially disease-related pathways in humans. However, the roles played by miRNAs encoded by baculoviruses, which infect numerous beneficial insects and agricultural pests, have rarely been described. To explore the actions of virus-encoded miRNAs, we investigated an miRNA encoded by Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV-miR-1). We previously identified this miRNA through the exogenous addition of AcMNPV-miR-1 mimics. In the current study, we constitutively overexpressed AcMNPV-miR-1 and analyzed the resultant effects to more comprehensively assess what is indeed the function of this miRNA during viral infection. In addition, we widely explored the target genes for the miRNA in the viral and host genomes and proposed a possible functional network for AcMNPV-miR-1, which provides a better general understanding of virus-encoded miRNAs. In brief, our study implied that AcMNPV-miR-1 constrains viral replication and cellular infection but enhances larval infection.
A Norwegian prospective study of preterm mother–infant interactions at 6 and 18 months and the impact of maternal mental health problems, pregnancy and birth complications
Authors: Misund Aud R , Bråten Stein , Nerdrum Per , Pripp Are Hugo , Diseth Trond H 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivePregnancy, birth and health complications, maternal mental health problems following preterm birth and their possible impact on early mother–infant interaction at 6 and 18 months corrected age (CA) were explored. Predictors of mother–infant interaction at 18 months CA were identified.Design and methodsThis prospective longitudinal and observational study included 33 preterm mother–infant (<33 gestational age (GA)) interactions at 6 and 18 months CA from a socioeconomic low-risk, middle-class sample. The Parent–Child Early Relational Assessment (PCERA) scale was used to assess the mother–infant interaction.Results‘Bleeding in pregnancy’ predicted lower quality in preterm mother–infant interaction in 6 PCERA scales, while high ‘maternal trait anxiety’ predicted higher interactional quality in 2 PCERA scales and ‘family size’ predicted lower interactional quality in 1 PCERA scale at 18 months CA. Mothers with symptoms of post-traumatic stress reactions, general psychological distress and anxiety at 2 weeks postpartum (PP) showed significantly better outcome than mothers without symptoms in 6 PCERA subscales at 6 months CA and 2 PCERA subscales at 18 months CA.ConclusionsOur study detected a correspondence between early pregnancy complications and lower quality of preterm mother–infant interaction, and an association between high levels of maternal mental health problems and better quality in preterm mother–infant interaction.
Carvedilol for portal hypertension in cirrhosis: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Li Tong , Ke Wenbo , Sun Ping , Chen Xiang , Belgaumkar Ajay , Huang Yuanjian , Xian Wenjing , Li Jinjin , Zheng Qichang 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical and haemodynamic effects of carvedilol for patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, Cochrane library databases, EMBASE and the Science Citation Index Expanded through December 2015. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included.Outcome measureWe calculated clinical outcomes (all-cause mortality, bleeding-related mortality, upper gastrointestinal bleeding) as well as haemodynamic outcomes (hepatic venous pressure (HVPG) reduction, haemodynamic response rate, post-treatment arterial blood pressure (mean arterial pressure; MAP) and adverse events).Results12 RCTs were included. In 7 trials that looked at haemodynamic outcomes compared carvedilol versus propranolol, showing that carvedilol was associated with a greater reduction (%) of HVPG within 6 months (mean difference −8.49, 95% CI −12.36 to −4.63) without a greater reduction in MAP than propranolol. In 3 trials investigating differences in clinical outcomes between carvedilol versus endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL), no significant differences in mortality or variceal bleeding were demonstrated. 1 trial compared clinical outcomes between carvedilol versus nadolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN), and showed that no significant difference in mortality or bleeding had been found. 1 trial comparing carvedilol versus nebivolol showed a greater reduction in HVPG after 14 days follow-up in the carvedilol group.ConclusionsCarvedilol may be more effective in decreasing HVPG than propranolol or nebivolol and it may be as effective as EVL or nadolol plus ISMN in preventing variceal bleeding. However, the overall quality of evidence is low. Further large-scale randomised studies are required before we can make firm conclusions.Trial registration numberCRD42015020542.
LncRNA GClnc1 Promotes Gastric Carcinogenesis and May Act as a Modular Scaffold of WDR5 and KAT2A Complexes to Specify the Histone Modification Pattern
Authors: Sun Tian-Tian , He Jie , Liang Qian , Ren Lin-Lin , Yan Ting-Ting , Yu Ta-Chung , Tang Jia-Yin , Bao Yu-Jie , Hu Ye , Lin Yanwei , Sun Danfeng , Chen Ying-Xuan , Hong Jie , Chen Haoyan , Zou Weiping , Fang Jing-Yuan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play a role in carcinogenesis. However, the function of lncRNAs in human gastric cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel lncRNA, GClnc1, which was upregulated and associated with tumorigenesis, tumor size, metastasis, and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. GClnc1 affected gastric cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis in multiple gastric cancer models. Mechanistically, GClnc1 bound WDR5 (a key component of histone methyltransferase complex) and KAT2A histone acetyltransferase, acted as a modular scaffold of WDR5 and KAT2A complexes, coordinated their localization, specified the histone modification pattern on the target genes, including SOD2, and consequently altered gastric cancer cell biology. Thus, GClnc1 is mechanistically, functionally, and clinically oncogenic in gastric cancer. Targeting GClnc1 and its pathway may be meaningful for treating patients with gastric cancer.
Significance: This report documents a novel lncRNA, GClnc1, which may act as a scaffold to recruit the WDR5 and KAT2A complex and modify the transcription of target genes. This study reveals that GClnc1 is an oncogenic lncRNA in human gastric cancer. Cancer Discov; 6(7); 784–801. ©2016 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681
Systematic Functional Interrogation of Rare Cancer Variants Identifies Oncogenic Alleles
Authors: Kim Eejung , Ilic Nina , Shrestha Yashaswi , Zou Lihua , Kamburov Atanas , Zhu Cong , Yang Xiaoping , Lubonja Rakela , Tran Nancy , Nguyen Cindy , Lawrence Michael S. , Piccioni Federica , Bagul Mukta , Doench John G. , Chouinard Candace R. , Wu Xiaoyun , Hogstrom Larson , Natoli Ted , Tamayo Pablo , Horn Heiko , Corsello Steven M. , Lage Kasper , Root David E. , Subramanian Aravind , Golub Todd R. , Getz Gad , Boehm Jesse S. , Hahn William C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Cancer genome characterization efforts now provide an initial view of the somatic alterations in primary tumors. However, most point mutations occur at low frequency, and the function of these alleles remains undefined. We have developed a scalable systematic approach to interrogate the function of cancer-associated gene variants. We subjected 474 mutant alleles curated from 5,338 tumors to pooled in vivo tumor formation assays and gene expression profiling. We identified 12 transforming alleles, including two in genes (PIK3CB, POT1) that have not been shown to be tumorigenic. One rare KRAS allele, D33E, displayed tumorigenicity and constitutive activation of known RAS effector pathways. By comparing gene expression changes induced upon expression of wild-type and mutant alleles, we inferred the activity of specific alleles. Because alleles found to be mutated only once in 5,338 tumors rendered cells tumorigenic, these observations underscore the value of integrating genomic information with functional studies.
Significance: Experimentally inferring the functional status of cancer-associated mutations facilitates the interpretation of genomic information in cancer. Pooled in vivo screen and gene expression profiling identified functional variants and demonstrated that expression of rare variants induced tumorigenesis. Variant phenotyping through functional studies will facilitate defining key somatic events in cancer. Cancer Discov; 6(7); 714–26. ©2016 AACR.
See related commentary by Cho and Collisson, p. 694.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681
ОЦІНКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ СПЕЦИФІЧНИХ БІЛКІВ ВАГІТНОСТІ ТА ДИНАМІКА ЇХ РІВНЯ В СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ У ВАГІТНИХ ІЗ ЛОКАЛЬНИМ НЕПРОГРЕСУЮЧИМ ВІДШАРУВАННЯМ ХОРІОН А ТА ПЛАЦЕНТИ.
Authors: Makarchuk O. M. , Rymarchuk M. I. , Vakalyuk L. M. , Drohomyretskyi L. V. , Cheredarchuk A. R. 
Published: May 2016

<p> Існують повідомлення щодо певної діагностичної цінності специфічних білків плаценти як материнської, так і плодової її частини, що дозволяють всебічно оцінити взаємовідносини у фетоплацентарному комплексі. Було обстежено 120 жінок з епізодами відшарування плаценти в анамнезі або діагностованими ретрохоріальними та ретроплацентарними гематомами при даній вагітності, які входили в групу ризику щодо невиношування вагітності. Контрольну групу склали 30 жінок з неускладненим перебігом вагітності. Оцінювали рівень специфічних білків вагітності (вільного естріолу, хоріонічного гонадотропіну та РАРР-А) в сироватці крові пацієнток з<br />фізіологічною вагітністю та вагітністю, яка ускладнилася локальним непрогресуючим відшаруванням хоріона та плаценти, та їх коливання протягом першої половини гестаційного періоду. Що стосується концентрації білка вагітності РАРР-А в крові вагітних досліджуваних груп, варто відмітити у терміни 8–9 тижнів вагітності у 48,5 % пацієнток підвищення його вмісту<br />майже вдвічі порівняно з контролем. Отримані результати дозволяють трактувати, що фізіологічному перебігу вагітності властиві односпрямовані зміни даних маркерів: низьким концентраціям РАРР-А відповідають низькі рівні β-ХГЛ, у той час як високі рівні РАРР-А супроводжуються підвищеним вмістом β-ХГЛ і тільки різноспрямовані зміни, насамперед РАРР-А та<br />β-ХГЛ, дозволяють прогнозувати ускладнений перебіг вагітності.</p>
БІОФІЗИЧНІ ПАРАМЕТРИ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ СИСТЕМИ МАТКА–ПЛАЦЕНТА–ПЛІД ПРИ ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНОМУ ПЕРЕБІГУ ЛАТЕНТНОЇ ФАЗИ ПЕРШОГО ПЕРІОДУ ПЕРЕДЧАСНИХ ПОЛОГІВ.
Authors: Markin L. B. , Hychka N. M. 
Published: May 2016

<p> Вивчено основні біофізичні параметри, які відображають стан фетоплацентарної системи при фізіологічному перебігу латентної фази першого періоду передчасних пологів. Встановлено особливості скоротливої діяльності матки, внутрішньоматкової гемодинаміки, контрактильних змін нижнього маткового сегмента, стану матково-плацентарного кровообігу, життєдіяльності недоношеного плода при неускладнених передчасних пологах.<br /><br /></p>
КОНТРАВЕРСІЙНІ ПОЗИЦІЇ В ДІАГНОСТИЦІ БАКВАГІНОЗУ У ВАГІТНИХ.
Authors: Nahornа V. F. , Hrytsenko A. A. , Moskalenko T. Ya. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Авторами на підставі обстеження 60 вагітних<br />із баквагінозом наведені значні розбіжності результатів різних діагностичних методів. Найбільш достовірним визнано вимірювання рН піхвового вмісту та виявлення збудників Gardherella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginalis за допомогою методів ДНК-технологій.</p>
ЛІКУВАЛЬНО-ПРОФІЛАКТИЧНІ ЗАХОДИ ЩОДО ПОЛІПШЕННЯ КАЛЬЦІЙ-ФОСФОРНОГО ОБМІНУ ТА КІСТКОВОГО МЕТАБОЛІЗМУ У ЖІНОК З ДЕФІЦИТОМ МАСИ ТІЛА, ЯКІ ПЛАНУЮТЬ ВАГІТНІСТЬ.
Authors: Shelestovа L. P. , Allakhverdiyev R. S. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Включення карбонату кальцію та холекальциферолу і лікувального харчування до комплексу лікувально-профілактичних заходів щодо жінок з дефіцитом<br />маси тіла, які планують вагітність, має позитивний вплив на вміст загального кальцію і кальцієрегулювальних гормонів<br />(паратгормону, остеокальцину і вітаміну D), тобто спостерігається їх нівелювання з показниками жінок за нормальної маси тіла, чого не відбувається при традиційному веденні пацієнток.<br /><br /></p>
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ КАДРІВ У СФЕРІ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Hryhorovska S. V. , Pyatnytskyi Yu. S. , Volosovets O. P. , Hasiuk H. I. , Petrova K. I. 
Published: May 2016

У статті окреслено основні завдання, які стоять перед Міністерством охорони здоров’я та вищою медичною освітою щодо належного кадрового забезпечення системи охорони здоров’я та якості підготовки медичного персоналу. Вони можуть бути вирішені за умови впровадження сучасних стандартів підготовки медичних та фармацевтичних кадрів, розвитку віртуальної освіти та самоосвіти медиків, подальшого створення мережі університетських клінік та лікарень. Розподіл випускників здійснюється МОЗ України відповідно до потреб та пріоритетів галузі для першочергового забезпечення первинної та вторинної ланок сфери охорони здоров’я лікарськими кадрами. Ефективне використання наявних кадрових ресурсів в охороні здоров’я є спільним завданням регіонів та Міністерства охорони здоров’я України.
КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНИЙ ПІДХІД У СТВОРЕННІ СТАНДАРТУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ “ФАРМАЦІЯ”
Authors: Chernykh V. P. , Kotvitska A. A. , Ohar S. V. 
Published: May 2016

<p class="11text"> Створення галузевих стандартів вищої фармацевтичної освіти нового покоління на основі компетентнісного підходу є необхідним етапом на шляху підготовки сучасного фахівця, якого потребує практична фармація.</p><p class="1reziume">До роботи над стандартом, крім робочої групи, визначеної наказом МОЗ України від 06.11.2015 р. № 733, були залучені фахівці практичної фармації, чия думка є невід’ємним компонентом при створенні державного стандарту, що відповідав би усім європейським вимогам. Проведено соціологічне опитування фахівців практичної фармації щодо загальних та професійних компетентностей випускника, результати якого впроваджено до стандарту вищої освіти спеціальності “Фармація”.</p>
TRMM Latent Heating Retrieval: Applications and Comparisons with Field Campaigns and Large-Scale Analyses
Authors: Tao W.-K. , Takayabu Y. N. , Lang S. , Shige S. , Olson W. , Hou A. , Skofronick-Jackson G. , Jiang X. , Zhang C. , Lau W. , Krishnamurti T. , Waliser D. , Grecu M. , Ciesielski P. E. , Johnson R. H. , Houze R. , Kakar R. , Nakamura K. , Braun S. , Hagos S. , Oki R. , Bhardwaj A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Yanai and coauthors utilized the meteorological data collected from a sounding network to present a pioneering work in 1973 on thermodynamic budgets, which are referred to as the apparent heat source (Q1) and apparent moisture sink (Q2). Latent heating (LH) is one of the most dominant terms in Q1. Yanai’s paper motivated the development of satellite-based LH algorithms and provided a theoretical background for imposing large-scale advective forcing into cloud-resolving models (CRMs). These CRM-simulated LH and Q1 data have been used to generate the look-up tables in Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) LH algorithms. A set of algorithms developed for retrieving LH profiles from TRMM-based rainfall profiles is described and evaluated, including details concerning their intrinsic space–time resolutions. Included in the paper are results from a variety of validation analyses that define the uncertainty of the LH profile estimates. Also, examples of how TRMM-retrieved LH profiles have been used to understand the life cycle of the MJO and improve the predictions of global weather and climate models as well as comparisons with large-scale analyses are provided. Areas for further improvement of the TRMM products are discussed.