bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and Birth in Cancer Patients
Authors: Doner Serife Irem , Ugurlu Meltem 
Published: October 2024

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in women of reproductive age. Pregnancy and birth in women with cancer is a psychologically, physiologically and medically sensitive issue. This book chapter deals with the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that should be followed in women diagnosed with cancer and experiencing pregnancy, birth and postpartum period.
Diagnosis and treatment of cancers during pregnancy should be carefully planned according to trimesters in terms of both maternal and foetal health. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the first trimester are usually delayed because they may have teratogenic effects on the foetus. In the second and third trimesters, some chemotherapy drugs can be used more safely and uterine evacuation and hysterectomy can be performed.
Birth planning is also of special importance in women with cancer who are still pregnant. Premature delivery is avoided because of the high morbidity probability. However, preterm delivery can be planned in order to minimise the time without treatment and to prevent deterioration of the mother’s health status. Vaginal delivery is contraindicated for most cervical and vulvar cancers due to the potential for implantation of cancer cells into the vaginal laceration/episiotomy site. In addition, complications such as hysterectomy, blood transfusion, thromboembolism, sepsis may be seen in the mother during labour, while Apgar scores may decrease in the newborn and resuscitation may be needed.
In the postnatal period, breastfeeding is desirable for emotional attachment and as a healthy compensation for prenatal exposure to cancer treatment. However, the safety and feasibility of breastfeeding needs to be carefully assessed.
Psychosocial support during pregnancy, birth and postnatal periods in women with cancer strengthens the mother-infant relationship and contributes to the support of family formation.
In conclusion, pregnancy, birth and postpartum period in women with cancer is a complex process that requires a multidisciplinary approach and individualised treatment plans.
This chapter provides a detailed overview of the pathways to be followed and the points to be considered in the management of the association of cancer and pregnancy. Strategies for appropriate treatment and follow-up are emphasised to protect the health of both mother and baby.
Selenium
Authors: Celik Ahmet 
Published: October 2024

Selenium (Se), a metalloid element in group VIA with an atomic number of 34, occurs naturally and as a result of human activities. Its environmental presence is critical for organisms but poses health risks at elevated levels. Se contamination stems from activities such as mining, coal-fired power plants, and agricultural drainage, significantly affecting water, air, and soil. In aquatic environments, selenium exists predominantly as Se(IV) and Se(VI), which are highly toxic and bioavailable, causing ecological harm.
Advanced technologies like membrane filtration and electrokinetics are effective for Se remediation. Membrane technologies offer high efficiency in large-scale selenium separation, employing materials like Na-modified quantum carbon dots and core-shell biofunctionalized polyamide matrices to enhance water permeability and Se ion rejection. Additionally, weak magnetic fields (WMF) and zero-valent iron (ZVI) systems improve selenium removal efficiency by facilitating chemical reactions that sequester Se ions.
This chapter provides an overview of selenium’s physicochemical properties, sources, production, uses, environmental contamination, and treatment technologies, emphasizing innovative methods and technological advancements in Se remediation.
Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Trauma Patients
Authors: Cimen Erdem Yakup 
Published: October 2024

Resuscitation in trauma patients is a critical component of emergency medical care that can mean the difference between life and death. Trauma patients often suffer from severe injuries that can result in significant blood loss, shock, and organ damage. Prompt and effective resuscitation is essential to stabilize the patient and prevent further complications.
One of the key principles of resuscitation in trauma patients is the concept of the ""Golden Hour."" This refers to the critical window of time following a traumatic injury during which prompt medical intervention can greatly improve the chances of survival. During this time, healthcare providers must focus on the ABCs of trauma resuscitation: airway, breathing, and circulation.
The first step in resuscitating a trauma patient is to ensure a patent airway. This may involve clearing debris from the mouth and throat, inserting an endotracheal tube, or performing a cricothyroidotomy in cases of severe airway obstruction. Adequate oxygenation is crucial to ensure that vital organs receive the oxygen they need to function properly.
Next, healthcare providers must assess and address any breathing problems the patient may have. This may involve providing oxygen therapy, assisted ventilation, or even performing chest decompression in cases of tension pneumothorax. Maintaining adequate breathing is essential to ensure that the patient’s blood is properly oxygenated.
Finally, healthcare providers must address any issues with circulation. Trauma patients often suffer from significant blood loss, which can lead to hypovolemic shock and organ failure. Intravenous fluid resuscitation is essential to restore circulating volume and improve perfusion to vital organs. In cases of severe bleeding, blood products may be necessary to replace lost blood and clotting factors.
In addition to addressing the ABCs of trauma resuscitation, healthcare providers must also be prepared to perform advanced interventions such as surgical procedures, interventional radiology, and pharmacological therapies as necessary. Rapid transport to a trauma center capable of providing definitive care is critical to ensuring the best possible outcome for trauma patients.
Overall, resuscitation in trauma patients is a complex and challenging process that requires a multidisciplinary approach involving emergency medical technicians, emergency department staff, trauma surgeons, and other healthcare providers. By following established protocols and guidelines for trauma resuscitation, healthcare providers can improve outcomes for trauma patients and give them the best chance of survival.
Chest X-Ray Technique, Anatomy and Common Radiologic Patterns
Authors: Tetikkurt Cuneyt 
Published: October 2024

Chest X-ray is among the most frequently performed diagnostic imaging studies worldwide. They are indispensable tools in the medical field, providing critical insights into a variety of conditions affecting the thoracic cavity, including the lungs, heart, and surrounding structures. Despite their ubiquity and importance, interpreting chest X-rays remains a nuanced and complex skill, requiring a blend of normal anatomy, clinical ingenuity, radiologic patterns and experience.
This book aims to demystify the process of chest X-ray interpretation, offering a comprehensive guide for both novice and experienced practitioners. We begin with the fundamental principles of radiologic disease patterns. This indispensable knowledge is essential for understanding how to recognize common image templates to reach a clinical diagnosis. The book is dedicated to specific image patterns correlated with disease pathology, enriched with high-quality images and detailed descriptions to highlight key features and common variations.
Recognizing normal anatomical structures is as crucial as identifying pathological changes. Therefore, we place significant emphasis on normal radiographic anatomy, providing baseline references against which abnormalities can be compared. This approach is particularly beneficial for those early in their training, as it builds confidence and accuracy in interpretation.
Pathological conditions are explored extensively, covering a broad spectrum from common infections and chronic diseases to rare and life-threatening emergencies. Real-world case studies and clinical correlations are incorporated to bridge the gap between theory and practice, illustrating how radiographic findings translate to patient management.
In addition to traditional interpretation techniques, 112 case files comprising various radiologic image patterns were included with background data in order to understand the theoretical information given before completely and clearly. Whether you are a medical student, a radiology resident, or a seasoned clinician, this guide aims to enhance your proficiency and confidence in interpreting chest X-rays, ultimately improving patient care.
Triggering Role of Viruses and Bacteria in Type I Diabetes
Authors: Gumus Hatice Hale 
Published: October 2024

The triggering role of viruses and bacteria in type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and the immune system. Viruses, particularly enteroviruses such as Coxsackievirus B, have been implicated in triggering autoimmune responses that lead to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. These viruses can infect pancreatic beta cells directly or trigger an inflammatory response that activates autoreactive T cells, which mistakenly attack and destroy beta cells. Additionally, viral infections may disrupt immune tolerance mechanisms, leading to the production of autoantibodies against pancreatic antigens, a hallmark of T1D.
Bacterial infections, although less extensively studied compared to viruses, may also play a role in T1D pathogenesis. Some studies suggest that infections with certain gut microbiota, such as specific strains of Bacteroides and Firmicutes, could influence immune responses and contribute to autoimmune reactions against beta cells. The mechanisms by which bacteria may trigger or exacerbate T1D are still under investigation but likely involve interactions with the gut mucosa and modulation of immune responses.
Understanding the role of viruses and bacteria in T1D is crucial for developing preventive strategies and potential treatments that target these infectious triggers or modulate immune responses to preserve beta cell function. Ongoing research aims to elucidate these complex interactions and their implications for the development and progression of type 1 diabetes.
Role of Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Arici Hasan , Ecesoy Volkan 
Published: October 2024

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) serves as a pivotal diagnostic tool and a measure of glucose metabolism dynamics in diabetes mellitus (DM). In clinical settings, the OGTT involves administering a standardized glucose solution to the patient after an overnight fast, followed by periodic measurements of blood glucose levels over several hours. This test is instrumental in diagnosing impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus by evaluating how effectively the body processes glucose. Diagnostic thresholds are established based on plasma glucose levels measured at specific time points during the test, with criteria including a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL or a 2-hour plasma glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL following the glucose load indicating diabetes mellitus.
Beyond diagnosis, the OGTT provides insights into glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, identifying early abnormalities in glucose regulation that may precede the onset of type 2 diabetes. It also aids in monitoring responses to therapeutic interventions aimed at improving glycemic control and managing diabetes-related complications. Despite its diagnostic value, the OGTT requires meticulous preparation, including fasting and multiple blood samples, which can be challenging for patients and healthcare providers alike. Alternative diagnostic methods such as the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test offer convenience but may not capture dynamic changes in glucose metabolism observed with OGTT. Therefore, the OGTT remains a cornerstone in clinical practice for assessing glucose tolerance, guiding treatment decisions, and enhancing the management of diabetes mellitus.
Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Tetikkurt Cuneyt 
Published: October 2024

Among the myriad presentations of sarcoidosis, cardiac involvement stands as a formidable challenge due to its potential for devastating consequences. Cardiac sarcoidosis manifests variably, from asymptomatic conduction abnormalities to life-threatening arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death.
This chapter explores the nuanced aspects of cardiac sarcoidosis, encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic strategies. Highlighting the importance of early detection and comprehensive management, we navigate through the complexities of this condition to enhance clinical outcomes and improve patient quality of life.
Key Points of Success for Kickboxing Athletes: From Physiology to Performance
Authors: Gencoglu Cebrail 
Published: October 2024

From Physiology to Performance"" provides a deep dive into the sport’s multifaceted nature, covering everything from physiological requirements to energy system dynamics essential for peak athletic performance. This comprehensive guide offers a detailed examination of how energy systems fuel the high-intensity demands of Kickboxing, including both aerobic and anaerobic capacities. It integrates performance analysis with theoretical explanations of techniques, enhancing understanding through visual illustrations that demonstrate practical applications.The book discusses the theoretical underpinnings that govern the training and execution of Kickboxing techniques, ensuring that both novice enthusiasts and seasoned athletes find valuable insights to enhance their skills. It also delves into the strategic aspects of performance optimization, making it an indispensable resource for coaches and athletes focused on elevating their competitive edge.Designed to bridge the gap between science and application, ""Kickboxing: From Physiology to Performance"" not only educates its readers on the essential components of fitness and fight strategy but also inspires them to apply this knowledge practically in training and competitions. Whether you’re looking to understand the complex bioenergetics of the sport or seeking to refine your techniques, this book provides the essential content to foster your development in the dynamic world of Kickboxing.
Phytotherapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mungan Kilic Fatma 
Published: October 2024

Dementia brought on by Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition marked by memory loss and cognitive impairment, is the result of AD. Individual differences exist in the degree of dementia and, consequently, the time at which it manifests. populations, influenced by both environmental and genetic variables. The effectiveness of treatment for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases is restricted to managing symptoms, even with the implementation of diverse therapeutic approaches. Treatment strategies that can postpone AD’s onset or progression will have a major impact on lowering the disease’s prevalence. Since ancient times, people have utilized medicinal plants to improve memory and treat other dementia-related issues. Studies show that therapeutic plants and the phytochemicals derived from them may be significant in the management of AD. Different plant parts, which contain numerous valuable phytochemical compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects, are powerful resources for drug development studies, even though the mechanisms of action are still unclear. This chapter provides an overview of several plants and phytochemicals that have demonstrated encouraging results in the pharmacological domain for slowing the disease’s progression and fostering the creation of successful AD treatment plans, along with an explanation
Emotional Abuse
Authors: Gurgezoglu Esra , Saddiki Hatice 
Published: October 2024

Child abuse encompasses all behaviors that negatively affect the child’s health and development. The fact that anyone or an adult responsible for caring for the child neglects enough children to endanger the child’s health or development, physical violence against the child, using the child as a sexual object, it is considered child abuse to exploit the child economically and harms the child emotionally.
Among all these abuse behaviours, the most common one in daily life is emotional abuse of the child. However, the most difficult type of abuse to be noticed and detected is emotional abuse. Because emotional abuse does not cause a concrete physical injury to the child. Therefore, since there is no physical trace, it is difficult to detect and often goes unnoticed. However, the child’s emotional abuse causes psychological trauma in the child, although it does not cause a physical injury. Detection of this psychological trauma is often difficult, but it requires special expertise. Therefore, emotional abuse appears as an important phenomenon that threatens the child’s health.In this context; under this section, the definition of emotional abuse and the behaviours it covers, studies of emotional abuse in Türkiye and the world, the importance of detection of psychological trauma and the actors of the subject are discussed.
Existence of Bee Breeds and Ecotypes in Turkey and the Importance of Bee Breeding Studies
Authors: Sengul Guluzar , Sengul Ahmet Yusuf 
Published: October 2024

The immune system is the sum of the processes that protect a living thing against diseases, recognize viruses and destroy them. The system scans the foreign proteins that viruses come into contact with in the living body and distinguishes them from the living body’s healthy body cells and tissues. The immune system can distinguish even substances with very similar properties from each other, for example; It has the ability to distinguish even proteins that differ in one amino acid from each other. This distinction is complex enough to cause viruses to find new ways and make some adaptations to infect despite the host’s defense system. In order to survive in this struggle, some mechanisms have developed that recognize viruses and neutralize them. All living things in nature have defense systems against tissues, cells and molecules that are not their own.
Many strategies are used by viruses to evade in vivo response and host immunity. It is particularly associated with the host being exposed to attacks by the inflammatory system and immune response.
F-18 FDG PET/CT- 2: Common Oncological Applications
Authors: Guzel Fatih 
Published: October 2024

The aims for which PET/CT is frequently used in oncology can be listed as follows.
 Benign/malignant distinction of lesions
 Primary focus investigation in patients with metastasis or paraneoplastic syndrome
 Staging and evaluation of treatment response in c
 During post-treatment follow-ups, discrimination of lesions observed in other imaging modalities in terms of residual tumor or fibrosis
 Investigation of recurrence in patients with elevated tumor markers
 Determining the area to be biopsied in tumors
 Guidance on radiotherapy (RT) planning
It is known that PET provides significant benefits in oncological patient management, especially with treatment response evaluation. Indications for the use of F-18 FDG PET / CT (Positron emission tomography / Computed Tomography) in oncology are increasing day by day. In this section, the most common oncological F-18 FDG PET applications in nuclear medicine clinics will be discussed.
Interventional Radiology in Hepatobiliary Cancers
Authors: Turko Ensar 
Published: October 2024

Hepatobiliary cancers, including liver and bile duct malignancies, present significant global health challenges. Imaging modalities such as MRI and CT are pivotal for diagnosis, while percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) aids in both diagnosis and treatment guidance under fluoroscopic control. Interventional radiology (IR) plays a crucial role in hepatobiliary cancers across diagnostic, palliative, and therapeutic domains.
Diagnostic Interventional Radiology: In IR diagnostics, imaging modalities like CT, MRI, and ultrasound are employed to characterize liver lesions and guide biopsies. Fine needle biopsy, utilizing a 21-25 gauge needle, offers rapid, cost-effective sampling with low complication rates. Core biopsy, using a 16-18 gauge tru-cut system, provides more detailed pathological information despite slightly higher risks. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) assists in visualizing bile duct involvement and obtaining biopsies when endoscopic access is inadequate.
Palliative Interventional Radiology: For palliation in obstructive jaundice from biliary obstructions (often due to malignancies), procedures aim to restore bile flow using endoscopic or percutaneous drainage. Biliary stenting may follow drainage, with self-expanding metallic stents preferred for durability and efficacy. These interventions improve quality of life by alleviating symptoms and preparing patients for further treatment.
Therapeutic Interventional Radiology: Thermal ablation techniques like radiofrequency (RFA), microwave (MWA), and cryoablation (CrA) offer curative options for liver tumors ≤5 cm, sparing healthy tissue and minimizing complications. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) target tumors via hepatic artery access, delivering chemotherapy or radiation internally to enhance efficacy and reduce systemic side effects.
Conclusion: Interventional radiology serves as an essential adjunct to traditional oncological approaches in hepatobiliary cancers, offering diagnostic clarity, palliative relief, and curative treatment options. Advancements in IR techniques continue to expand therapeutic possibilities, improving outcomes and quality of life for patients worldwide.
Micro Nutrients and Vitamins Affecting Cognitive Functions in Brain Locations
Authors: Kavak Vatan 
Published: October 2024

Brain anatomy and the brain’s capacity for cognitive function are determined by what happens in the gut. Digestive events occurring in the intestines affect the daily function and cognitive function of the brain. The cognitive capacity of the brain is vital at all stages of life. During childhood and adolescence, nutrition with safe and healthy foods is the gold standard for brain development and cognitive performance. Neurotransmitter cells in the intestines produce most of the dopamine and serotonin hormones that the body needs. Serotonin and dopamine produced in the intestines then pass to the brain and enable communication between nerve cells in the brain. Micronutrients are an important component that enables communication between nerve cells, thanks to the metabolic activities of cells as well as dopamine synthesis, serotonin and myelin sheath formation. Safe and healthy nutrition; is a foreign concept to many school children.
For this reason, the way to increase the anatomy of the brain and the cognitive capacity of the brain is through intestines, digestion, safe food and movement.