bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile of Suspected H1N1 Influenza Patients and Predictor of Mortality in H1N1-Positive Patients
Authors: Saroch Atul , Ramadoss Ramu , Kumar Shailesh , Mathews Sujata , Taneja Rajesh Satyapal , Ali Mohammad , Rana Randeep 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
There were spurts of swine flu cases every year, even though the pandemic was over in August 2010. Most of the studies on swine flu pivoted around pandemic years 2009 to 2010. Here, through this retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India, we compared clinical characteristics between H1N1-positive and H1N1-negative patients admitted in years 2015 to 2016. Among H1N1-positive patients, variables were compared among survival and death groups. Among 122 suspected H1N1 patients, 30 were positive for H1N1 reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Symptom of rhinitis and low serum albumin were significantly more in H1N1-positive patients. Applying univariate analysis among H1N1-positive patients, respiratory rate, albumin level, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and Pao
2/fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio
2) ratio were statistically different between the survival and death groups. Further using simple logistic regression among H1N1-positive patients, Pao
2/Fio
2 less than or equal to 200 had an odds ratio of 9.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–51.4), alanine transaminase level more than or equal to 40 U/L had an odds ratio of 7.3 (95% CI, 1.4–38.9), and albumin level less than or equal to 3.0 (gm/dl) had an odds ratio of 44.8 (95% CI, 4.0–497.4), and these were independently associated with death. After considering for causality/plausibility aspects, Pao
2/Fio
2 less than or equal to 200 had significant higher odds ratio of 12.3 (95% CI, 1.7–90.1) for death even if adjusted for age and sex. Hence, the value of Pao
2/Fio
2 at admission is a good predictor of mortality among H1N1-positive patients.
Behavior Characteristics and Risk Factors for Suicide Among the Elderly in Rural China
Authors: Liu Bao-Peng , Qin Ping , Jia Cun-Xian 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We examine the characteristics of suicide behavior and associated risk factors in the elderly in rural China, compared with the nonelderly. Paired case-control design and psychological autopsy were used for subject recruitment and data collection. The included cases were 104 suicides of the elderly aged 60 years or older, 86 suicides of the nonelderly, and sex- and age-paired controls from the same villages. Although the characteristics of suicide behavior were similar between the two age groups of victims, the elderly who died by suicide had a greater tendency to experience negative life events and not live with a spouse. Suicide of the nonelderly was associated with family history of suicide, poor social support, and impulsivity. The influence of negative life events on the risk of suicide was greater in the elderly. Thus, efforts for suicide prevention must be tailored to the needs of specific age groups.
Postmortem Organ Weights at a South African Mortuary
Authors: Peddle Laura , Kirk Gavin Martin 
Published: August 2017

Background
Weighing organs at autopsy provides objective evidence of pathology. Reference ranges must be locally applicable, accurate, and regularly defined.

Aims
The aims of this study were the generation of postmortem organ weight reference ranges for use in South African mortuaries, analysis of factors influencing organ weights, and comparison to international populations.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of autopsy reports from the Salt River medicolegal mortuary in Cape Town, South Africa, between 2013 and 2016. Disproportionate randomized stratified sampling was used to obtain sufficient cases from men and women; white, colored, and African racial groups; and decedents older and younger than 50 years. Observations from 1262 decedents older than 18 years dying traumatic on-scene deaths were recorded, excluding organs with macroscopic evidence of disease or destructive injury. Variables collected were sex, race, age, height, and body weight.

Results
Organ weights were modeled using multiple linear regression analysis. In general, sex, race, and weight are significant predictors. In general, organs from African and colored decedents weigh less than those from white decedents, and similarly pooled South African organs are smaller than those from international populations. Ideal organ weight reference ranges are proposed, and a smartphone application is offered, which calculates individualized prediction intervals.

Conclusions
This study provides postmortem organ weight data for a South African population.
11C-Methionine-Avid Plasmablastic Lymphoma
Authors: Annunziata Salvatore , Cuccaro Annarosa , Caldarella Carmelo , Leccisotti Lucia , Hohaus Stefan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A 73-year-old woman had a diagnosis of a plasmablastic lymphoma by the excision of the right parotid gland. Two years after the diagnosis, the patient underwent a whole-body 11C-methionine PET/CT in order to evaluate the amino acid avidity of a scalp metastasis and for plasmablastic lymphoma restaging. 11C-methionine uptake was detected in the scalp, in several bone sites, and in the cricoid cartilage. Plasmablastic lymphoma is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma with an aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. 11C-methionine appears to be a promising tracer for paraprotein-producing neoplasms.
False-Positive Ventilation-Perfusion Studies Due to Nonembolic Pulmonary Artery Compromise
Authors: Alis Jonathan , Hulkower Miriam , Shmukler Anna , Chun Kwang J. , Freeman Leonard M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scans are highly sensitive in detecting clinically significant pulmonary embolisms; however, V/Q mismatches are not specific to pulmonary embolism alone, and other etiologies can cause false-positive results. We present 3 cases where the pulmonary vasculature was compromised, from either intraluminal narrowing or external compression, with resultant mismatches. This raises the importance of interpreting V/Q scan results in conjunction with a thorough medical/surgical history and careful analysis of the chest radiograph.
A minimal RNA ligand for potent RIG-I activation in living mice
Authors: Linehan Melissa M. , Dickey Thayne H. , Molinari Emanuela S. , Fitzgerald Megan E. , Potapova Olga , Iwasaki Akiko , Pyle Anna M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe have developed highly potent synthetic activators of the vertebrate immune system that specifically target the RIG-I receptor. When introduced into mice, a family of short, triphosphorylated Stem Loop RNAs (SLRs) induces a potent interferon response and the activation of specific genes essential for antiviral defense. Using RNAseq, we provide the firstin-vivogenome-wide view of the expression networks that are initiated upon RIG-I activation. We observe that SLRs specifically induce type I interferons, subsets of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and cellular remodeling factors. By contrast, poly(I:C), which binds and activates multiple RNA sensors, induces type III interferons and several unique ISGs. The short length (10-14 base pairs) and robust function of SLRs in mice demonstrate that RIG-I forms active signaling complexes without oligomerizing on RNA. These findings demonstrate that SLRs are potent therapeutic and investigative tools for targeted modulation of the innate immune system.
The effect of sonic hedgehog on motor neuron positioning in the spinal cord during chicken embryo development
Authors: Yang Ciqing , Li Xiaoying , Li Qiuling , Li Qiong , Li Han , Zhang Bichao , Lin Juntang 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTSonic hedgehog (Shh) is a vertebrate homologue of the secretedDrosophilaprotein hedgehog, and is expressed by the notochord and the floor plate in the developing spinal cord. Shh provides signals relevant for positional information, cell proliferation, and possibly cell survival depending on the time and location of the expression. Although the role of Shh in providing positional information in the neural tube has been experimentally proven, the exact underlying mechanism still remains unclear. In this study, we report that overexpression of Shh affects motor neuron positioning in the spinal cord during chicken embryo development by inducing abnormalities in the structure of the motor column and motor neuron integration. In addition, Shh overexpression inhibits the expression of dorsal transcription factors and commissural axon projections. Our results indicate that correct location of Shh expression is the key to the formation of the motor column. In conclusion, the overexpression of Shh in the spinal cord not only affects the positioning of motor neurons, but also induces abnormalities in the structure of the motor column.
Bimodal Spindle Orientation Drives Tissue Regularity in a Proliferating Epithelium
Authors: Finegan Tara M. , Na Daxiang , Skeeters Austin V. , Dawney Nicole S. , Oakes Patrick W. , Fletcher Alexander G. , Bergstralh Dan T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between proliferation and tissue topology in an epithelial tissue undergoing elongation. We found that cell division is not required for elongation of the earlyDrosophilafollicular epithelium, but does drive the tissue towards optimal geometric packing. To increase tissue regularity, cell divisions are oriented in the planar axis, along the direction of tissue expansion. Planar division orientation is governed by apico-cortical tension, which aligns with tissue expansion but not with interphase cell shape elongation. Hertwig’s Rule, which holds that cell elongation determines division orientation, is therefore broken in this tissue. We tested whether this observation could be explained by anisotropic activity of the conserved Pins/Mud spindle-orienting machinery, which controls division orientation in the apical-basal axis. We found that Pins/Mud does not participate in planar division orientation. Rather, tension translates into planar division orientation in a manner dependent on Canoe/Afadin, which links actomyosin to adherens junctions. These findings demonstrate that division orientation in different axes - apical-basal and planar - is controlled by distinct, independent mechanisms in a proliferating epithelium.Summary StatementRegularity in a proliferating epithelium requires cells to divorce division orientation from interphase shape, which they accomplish by using distinct mechanisms to orient divisions in the apical-basal and planar axes.
Research on light aircraft spinning properties
Authors: Cichocka Ewa 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The paper focuses on the evaluation of a light aircraft spin. The main purpose of this paper is to achieve reliable mathematical models of aircraft motion beyond stall conditions to subsequently predict spin properties based on calculation only. Another vitally significant objective is to verify whether the aerodynamic characteristics determined numerically are coherent with the wind tunnel measurements performed on the dynamically scaled aircraft models.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis was carried out for two certified conventional light aircraft. The first part of the investigation is devoted to the verification of the simplified methods used to identify the aircraft recoverability from spinning steady-state turns and estimate the primary post-stall flight parameters. Then, the spin simulations were executed. The computational results were thereafter compared with the in-flight data recordings.

Findings
The study confirms the coincidence between the calculated spinning behaviour and the observed aircraft response during the flight tests. The mathematical models of aircraft spatial motion have been found to be credible for predicting spin properties. The simplified methods are reliable to determine the basic spin performance of light aircraft at the preliminary design stage, whereas the spin simulations enable recognition and comprehensive examination of all spin modes.

Practical implications
The outcomes of conducted calculation and comparisons of computational spin properties with flight test recordings have indicated that the qualitative assessment of spinning motion is enabled at each stage of the designing process.

Originality/value
The paper involves the comparison of the computational results with the recordings of spin in-flight tests and the correlation between calculated and experimentally obtained aerodynamics of light aircraft.
Turbulence modelling techniques for aeroelastic problems: results and comments from the Second AIAA Aeroelastic Prediction Workshop
Authors: Righi Marcello 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The quality of aeroelastic predictions strongly depends on the quality of aerodynamic predictions. At the boundary of a typical flight envelope, special flow conditions may arise, which challenge the conventional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach beyond reasonable limits.

Design/methodology/approach
Test Case 3 of the Second AIAA Aeroelastic Prediction Workshop is a representative test case, where the flow over a supercritical wing separates downstream of the shock waves and generates large turbulent lengthscales.

Findings
In this study, RANS predictions are compared to those obtained in this particular test case with the more sophisticated hybrid RANS–large eddy simulation (LES) approach, in particular with the Spalart–Allmaras–delayed detached eddy simulation model. Results are indeed closer to experimental data.

Originality/value
However, the costs associated with this approach are much higher. It is argued that adopting hybrid RANS–LES modelling is not a simple model switch.
Foraging traits modulate stingless bee community disassembly under forest loss
Authors: Lichtenberg Elinor M. , Mendenhall Chase D. , Brosi Berry 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAnthropogenic land use change is an important driver of impacts to biological communities and the ecosystem services they provide. Pollination is one ecosystem service that may be threatened by community disassembly. Relatively little is known about changes in bee community composition in the tropics, where pollination limitation is most severe and land use change is rapid. Understanding how anthropogenic changes alter community composition and functioning has been hampered by high variability in responses of individual species. Trait‐based approaches, however, are emerging as a potential method for understanding responses of ecologically similar species to global change.We studied how communities of tropical, eusocial stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) disassemble when forest is lost. These bees are vital tropical pollinators that exhibit high trait diversity, but are under considerable threat from human activities.We compared functional traits of stingless bee species found in pastures surrounded by differing amounts of forest in an extensively deforested landscape in southern Costa Rica.Our results suggest that foraging traits modulate competitive interactions that underlie community disassembly patterns. In contrast to both theoretical predictions and temperate bee communities, we found that stingless bee species with the widest diet breadths were less likely to persist in sites with less forest. These wide‐diet‐breadth species also tend to be solitary foragers, and are competitively subordinate to group‐foraging stingless bee species. Thus, displacement by dominant, group‐foraging species may make subordinate species more dependent on the larger or more diversified resource pool that natural habitats offer. We also found that traits that may reduce reliance on trees—nesting in the ground or inside nests of other species—correlated with persistence in highly deforested landscapes.The functional trait perspective we employed enabled capturing community processes in analyses and suggests that land use change may disassemble bee communities via different mechanisms in temperate and tropical areas. Our results further suggest that community processes, such as competition, can be important regulators of community disassembly under land use change. A better understanding of community disassembly processes is critical for conserving and restoring pollinator communities and the ecosystem services and functions they provide.
The role of alcohol in identity construction among LGBT people: a qualitative study
Authors: Emslie Carol , Lennox Jemma , Ireland Lana 
Published: August 2017

AbstractResearch suggests that alcohol use and misuse are higher among lesbian, gay and bisexual than heterosexual populations, yet the social context of drinking in sexual minority communities has rarely been examined. To explore lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people's relationship with alcohol, we conducted seven focus groups (N = 33) with pre‐existing groups of friends and work colleagues (18 to 52 years) in Scotland, UK. We identified and analysed patterns in our data using thematic analysis. Respondents perceived heavy drinking as central to the commercial gay scene. Choice of drink and drinking vessel was an important part of identity construction. Respondents discussed the perception that gay men would drink alcopops and cocktails while lesbians would drink pints of beer. Even when stereotypes were dismissed as inaccurate, they were still thought to pressure people to drink ‘appropriately’. Respondents who did not identify as male or female, and those who used drag, were particularly aware of their choice of drink as a means to express identity or to challenge people's preconceptions about gender. Researchers developing interventions to reduce alcohol‐related harm in sexual minority populations need to take account of the central role of identity construction in LGBT drinking practices.
Modelling of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate surface binding protein PhaP for rational mutagenesis
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Yao Zhenyu , Chen Xiangbin , Wang Xinquan , Chen Guo‐Qiang 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPhasins are unusual amphiphilic proteins that bind to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules in nature and show great potential for various applications in biotechnology and medicine. Despite their remarkable diversity, only the crystal structure of PhaPAh from Aeromonas hydrophila has been solved to date. Based on the structure of PhaPAh, homology models of PhaPAz from Azotobacter sp. FA‐8 and PhaPTD from Halomonas bluephagenesis TD were successfully established, allowing rational mutagenesis to be conducted to enhance the stability and surfactant properties of these proteins. PhaPAz mutants, including PhaPAzQ38L and PhaPAzQ78L, as well as PhaPTD mutants, including PhaPTDQ38M and PhaPTDQ72M, showed better emulsification properties and improved thermostability (6‐10°C higher melting temperatures) compared with their wild‐type homologues under the same conditions. Importantly, the established PhaP homology‐modelling approach, based on the high‐resolution structure of PhaPAh, can be generalized to facilitate the study of other PhaP members.
The vasorelaxant effect of antidiabetic drug nateglinide via activation of voltage‐dependent K+ channels in aortic smooth muscle
Authors: Li Hongliang , Kim Hye Won , Shin Sung Eun , Seo Mi Seon , An Jin Ryeol , Jung Won‐Kyo , Ha Kwon‐Soo , Han Eun‐Taek , Hong Seok‐Ho , Bang Hyoweon , Choi Il‐Whan , Na Sung Hun , Park Won Sun 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAimsWe investigated the vasorelaxant effect of nateglinide and its related mechanisms using phenylephrine (Phe)‐induced precontracted aortic rings.MethodsArterial tone measurement was performed in aortic smooth muscle.ResultsThe application of nateglinide induced vasorelaxation in a concentration‐dependent manner. Pretreatment with the large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (BKCa) channel inhibitor paxilline, the inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channel inhibitor Ba2+, and ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channel inhibitor glibenclamide did not affect the vasorelaxant effect of nateglinide. However, pretreatment with the voltage‐dependent K+ (Kv) channel inhibitor 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) effectively reduced the vasorelaxant effect of nateglinide. Pretreatment with the Ca2+ inhibitor nifedipine and the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin did not change the vasorelaxant effect of nateglinide. Additionally, the vasorelaxant effect of nateglinide was not altered in the presence of an adenylyl cyclase, a protein kinase A, a guanylyl cyclase, or a protein kinase G inhibitor. The vasorelaxant effect of nateglinide was not affected by the elimination of the endothelium. In addition, pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L‐NAME, and a small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (SKCa) channel inhibitor, apamin, did not change the vasorelaxant effect of nateglinide.ConclusionNateglinide induced vasorelaxation via the activation of the Kv channel independent of other K+ channels, Ca2+ channels, intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), and the endothelium.
In aged primary T cells, mitochondrial stress contributes to telomere attrition measured by a novel imaging flow cytometry assay
Authors: Sanderson Sharon Lesley , Simon Anna Katharina 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe decline of the immune system with age known as immune senescence contributes to inefficient pathogen clearance and is a key risk factor for many aged‐related diseases. However, reversing or halting immune aging requires more knowledge about the cell biology of senescence in immune cells. Telomere shortening, low autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction have been shown to underpin cell senescence. While autophagy has been found to control mitochondrial damage, no link has been made to telomere attrition. In contrast, mitochondrial stress can contribute to telomere attrition and vice versa. Whereas this link has been investigated in fibroblasts or cell lines, it is unclear whether this link exists in primary cells such as human lymphocytes and whether autophagy contributes to it. As traditional methods for measuring telomere length are low throughput or unsuitable for the analysis of cell subtypes within a mixed population of primary cells, we have developed a novel sensitive flow‐FISH assay using the imaging flow cytometer. Using this assay, we show a correlation between age and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in CD8+ T‐cell subsets, but not with autophagy. Telomere shortening within the CD8+ subset could be prevented in vitro by treatment with a ROS scavenger. Our novel assay is a sensitive assay to measure relative telomere length in primary cells and has revealed ROS as a contributing factor to the decline in telomere length.