bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique relationship between tropical rainfall and SST to the north of the Mozambique Channel in boreal winter
Authors: Koseki Shunya , Bhatt Bhuwan Chandra 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigate a possible mechanism for the dichotomy in climatology of marine rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) over a part of the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) during boreal winter (January and February) with state‐of‐the‐art satellite and reanalysis data sets. Rainfall to the north of the Mozambique Channel, bounded 10°–5°S and 40°–50°E, is found to be quite feeble despite being in the warm SST regime of up to 29–29.5 °C. The rainfall intensity is rather found to be highly associated with the atmospheric surface divergence. The vigorous rainfall is associated with the more convergence over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), while the weak rainfall is linked with the divergence to the north of the Mozambique Channel. The surface divergent flow to the north of the Mozambique Channel is associated with a deep southward penetration of the northerly Indian Winter Monsoon (IWM). Corresponding to the surface divergent field, a relatively high sea level pressure (SLP) compared to the SLP in the ITCZ, weak subsidence, and low‐level stratiform clouds are formed to the north of the Mozambique Channel, despite the warm, tropical SST. These atmospheric conditions are most likely conductive to the inhibition of cumulus convection over the region and the unique relationship between rainfall and SST seems peculiar. Our analysis also shows that the rare occurrence of tropical cyclones over the area is attributed to a high‐pressure surge and the associated positive surface vorticity (anti‐cyclonic). This study suggests that the area to the north of the Mozambique Channel is dynamically interesting for climatological studies.
Storm wave clustering around New Zealand and its connection to climatic patterns
Authors: Godoi Victor A. , Bryan Karin R. , Gorman Richard M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTClusters of storm waves contribute disproportionately to coastal erosion hazards because the coastline has insufficient time to recover between events. Here, the change in occurrence of clustered storms and its association with atmospheric oscillation modes were investigated in New Zealand waters using 44 years (1958–2001) of wave hindcast data. First, long‐term averages of cluster parameters (number of storms within the cluster, potential for coastal erosion, and cluster duration) were assessed. Then, the relationships between clustering and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Zonal Wavenumber‐3 Pattern (ZW3), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) were explored through correlation analysis over several timescales. Clusters were more frequently observed to the northeast of New Zealand and on the central eastern coast of the South Island. The most vulnerable regions to cluster‐induced coastal erosion were southern New Zealand and the northwestern coast, which resulted from steady southwesterly swells, although clusters with the longest duration occurred on the east coast of the South Island. Trends suggest that clusters have incorporated more storms, have become more hazardous, and have increased in duration, particularly along the South Island coastline. Although these trends may be sensitive to the reanalysed wind fields used to force the wave hindcast, they reflect trends in the ENSO, PDO, and SAM. Stronger southwesterly winds during El Niño (negative ENSO) and El Niño‐like conditions (positive IOD/PDO) generated more clustered storms mainly on the southwestern coast of New Zealand, whereas increases in clustering were observed on the north coast during La Niña and La Niña‐like conditions (stronger northeasterly winds). Higher occurrence of clustering was also evident on the west coast during the strong atmospheric zonal flow associated with negative ZW3. Lastly, strengthened westerlies related to positive SAM led to increased clustering primarily to the south of New Zealand.
Creative self‐efficacy as mediator between creative mindsets and creative problem‐solving
Authors: Royston Ryan , Reiter‐Palmon Roni 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAn emerging area of research is how one's mindset regarding the fixedness and malleability of creative ability relates to creative performance. Malleable creative mindsets tend to be positively related to creativity while fixed mindsets often show a negative association. Similarly, creative self‐efficacy, or one's beliefs that they have the capacity to be creative, is also related to creative performance and creative mindsets. While previous studies tested the direct relationship between mindsets and creativity, this study tested creative self‐efficacy in this relationship. A total of 152 students from a Midwestern university participated in the study. They were provided with measures of creative self‐efficacy, creative mindsets, and creative problem‐solving. Solutions were assessed in terms of quality and originality. Results indicated that both malleable creative mindsets and creative self‐efficacy were positively related to solution quality and originality while fixed creative mindsets were negatively related. Mediation analysis using Preacher and Hayes' (2004) bootstrapping macro showed that creative self‐efficacy mediated the relationship between malleable mindsets and quality and originality as well as the relationship between fixed mindsets and quality and originality. This research advances the study of creativity by demonstrating that creative self‐efficacy is an important mechanism through which creative mindsets relate to creative performance.
Concomitant organ resection does not improve outcomes in primary retroperitoneal well‐differentiated liposarcoma: A retrospective cohort study at a major sarcoma center
Authors: Ikoma Naruhiko , Roland Christina L. , Torres Keila E. , Chiang Yi‐Ju , Wang Wei‐Lien , Somaiah Neeta , Mann Gary N. , Hunt Kelly K. , Cormier Janice N. , Feig Barry W. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundWe investigated whether concomitant organ removal as part of the primary resection of RP WDLPS confers an outcome advantage in patients treated at a major sarcoma center.MethodsThe departmental sarcoma database was reviewed to identify patients with RP WDLPS who underwent initial surgical resection for primary disease at MD Anderson Cancer Center during the study period 1995‐2011. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and examined associations between clinicopathologic variables and overall survival (OS) as well as disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsAmong 83 patients included in this study, 76 patients (92%) underwent complete resection (R0/R1). Concomitant organ resections were performed in 38 patients (46%). Invasion of the resected organ/s was seen in six patients (7%). Estimated OS was 11.3 years (5‐year OS, 86%), and DFS was 5.4 years (5‐year DFS, 51%). By multivariate analysis, concomitant organ resection was not associated with improved OS (P = 0.428) or DFS (P = 0.946), and lack of organ resection was associated with a lower risk of postoperative complications (P = 0.01).ConclusionsConcomitant organ resection was not associated with a survival benefit in RP WDLPS in this study. In patients with primary RP WDLPS, we recommend selective resection of contiguous organs only if there is clinical suspicion of invasion.
Cryogenic modulation fast GC × GC–MS using a 10 m microbore column combination: Concept, method optimization, and application
Authors: Giocastro Barbara , Piparo Marco , Tranchida Peter Q. , Mondello Luigi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe present research is based on the concept of using a 10 m × 0.1 mm id column for cryogenic‐modulation fast comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography with quadrupole mass spectrometry. Specifically, an 8.9 m × 0.1 mm id low‐polarity column was used as the first dimension, and a 1.1 m × 0.1 mm id medium‐polarity column was used as the second dimension. The main scope of the investigation was to develop a high peak‐capacity method, with an analysis time of approximately 10 min. Various aspects related to method optimization are discussed, as well as separation parameters such as peak capacity (in each dimension, and as a total value), first‐dimension sample capacity, peak widths, modulation ratio, sensitivity enhancement, and number of spectra per peak. The fast approach was evaluated in applications involving a mixture of cosmetic allergens and a sample of perfume. The approach proposed enables high‐resolution separations in a short time (across the C8–C23 alkane range), as well as a considerable reduction of the consumption of gases for modulation cooling and heating.
Determination of herbicides in environmental water samples by simultaneous in‐syringe magnetic stirring‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and silylation followed by GC–MS
Authors: Suárez Ruth , Clavijo Sabrina , González Alba , Cerdà Víctor 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn on‐line, fast, simple, selective, and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of three herbicides belonging to the following families: triazines (atrazine), chloroacetamide (alachlor), and phenoxy (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in water samples. The method involves an in‐syringe magnetic stirring‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction along with simultaneous silylation prior to their determination by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Extraction, derivatization, and preconcentration have been simultaneously performed using acetone as dispersive solvent, N‐methyl‐N‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide as derivatization agent and trichloroethylene as extraction solvent. After stirring for 180 s, the sedimented phase was transferred to a rotary micro‐volume injection valve (3 μL) and introduced by an air stream into gas chromatograph with mass spectrometry detector. Recovery and enrichment factors were 87.2–111.2% and 7.4–10.4, respectively. Relative standard deviations were in the ranges of 6.6–7.4 for intraday and 9.2–9.6 for interday precision. The detection limits were in the range of 0.045–0.03 μg/L, and good linearity was observed up to 200 μg/L, with R2 ranging between 0.9905 and 0.9964. The developed method was satisfactorily applied to assess the occurrence of the studied herbicides in groundwater samples. The recovery test was also performed with values between 77 and 117%.
Vibrational Spectra of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Chains in the Mesomorphic Form
Authors: Rizzo Paola , Trotta Diletta , Musto Pellegrino , Guerra Gaetano 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVibrational (infrared and Raman) spectra of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) chains included in the mesomorphic phase, as established by X‐ray diffraction patterns, are compared with spectra of corresponding amorphous and crystalline (triclinic) phases. The study indicates the presence of similar amounts of amorphous phase in semicrystalline and mesomorphic films. For the mesomorphic phase, occurrence of extended linear chains with disordered conformation, which was suggested by combination of X‐ray diffraction data and conformational analysis, is confirmed. In particular, a detailed analysis of conformationally sensitive spectral regions confirms the presence of sequences with trans OCCO dihedral angles and trans or gauche COCC dihedral angles. The reported analysis also allows discriminating between crystalline peaks corresponding to vibrational modes of long or short trans‐planar PET stretches.
Conjugated Polymer‐Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Cell‐Targeted and Image‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Peng Fei , Qiu Liang , Chai Ran , Meng Fanfan , Yan Chunmei , Chen Yulan , Qi Junjie , Zhan Yong , Xing Chengfen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMultifunctional materials with cell imaging and therapeutic functions are anticipated to provide promising agents in cancer treatment. Herein, folic acid modified conjugated polymer nanoparticles (FA‐CPNs) are exploited to target cancer cells and destroy the neighboring cancer cells. Folic acid in FA‐CPNs enables the strong binding with high affinity to folate receptor, a cancer‐cell‐associated protein, to target cancer cells. FA‐CPNs are able to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species upon irradiation 600 nm light, and therefore cause the cell death of folate receptor‐overexpressed cancer cells effectively. Therefore, the conjugated polymer‐based nanoparticles provide a multifunctional system for targeting cancer cells and photodynamic therapy.
Viscoelasticity and Dynamics of Confined Polyelectrolyte/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: The Influence of Intercalation and Exfoliation
Authors: Romo‐Uribe Angel , Cardoso Judith 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe influence of different confinement regimes on the linear viscoelastic properties of a polyelectrolyte, the protonated poly‐[(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMAH), is investigated. PDMAEMAH is reinforced with the layered silicate montmorillonite (MMT). Neat MMT and MMT treated with sulfobetaine and ammonia‐based surfactants (MMT/SB and MMT/NH, respectively) are utilized. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray scattering show that MMT and MMT/NH produce intercalated morphology, whereas MMT/SB produces an exfoliated morphology. Thus, the polyelectrolyte is under different confinement regimes. The confinement produces the increase of glass transition temperatureTg; however, the increase is larger for the (highly confined) intercalated morphology. Master curves are constructed applying time–temperature superposition. Strikingly, the viscoelastic spectra evidence that the intercalated morphology produces twofoldincreaseof rubber‐like modulus, whereas the exfoliated morphology produces over fourfoldreductionof rubber‐like modulus, both at 3 wt% clay concentration. The reduction of rubber‐like modulus suggests that an exfoliated morphology produces disruption of the entanglement density. Analysis in the segmental relaxation regime shows that the intercalated morphology induces longer relaxation times, that is, more dynamics retardation, in correlation with the increase of glass transition temperature. This research paves the road for better understanding of viscoelastic behavior and dynamics of molten polyelectrolytes under confinement.
On the Size‐Determining Role of the Comonomer in the Nucleation and Growth of Cationic Polystyrene Latex via Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Meincke Thomas , Jordan Maximilian , Vogel Nicolas , Klupp Taylor Robin N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe formation of positively charged polystyrene latex particles via the surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene with cationic initiator is investigated. Using the comonomer (vinylbenzyl)trimethyl‐ammonium chloride (VBTMAC) it is shown that the particle size can be tuned rather precisely between above 350 nm and below 70 nm. The simple functional dependence of the particle size on the inverse cube root of the comonomer concentration leads to propose, with reasonable assumptions, that VBTMAC comonomer addition allows the separation of nucleation and growth for this reaction. Thereby the comonomer concentration determines the nucleation rate and number of particles produced, while the styrene amount determines by how much the nucleated particles grow. Support for this model is obtained through zeta potential measurements at different pH values. The latter confirmed that the surface density of cationic groups resulting from the comonomer relative to that of groups resulting from the initiator decreases with decreasing comonomer concentration.
Hierarchical Polymer Blend Fibers of High Structural Regularity Prepared by Facile Solvent Vapor Annealing Treatment
Authors: Bauer Adam Joseph‐Podufaly , Grim Zachary Buchanan , Li Bingbing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, a facile solvent vapor annealing (SVA) method is utilized to inscribe hierarchical secondary nanostructures onto electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)(PCL)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blend fibers. By carefully understanding the phase separation and crystallization behavior of PCL/PEO blends during the electrospinning process, one can tune the spatial distribution of the PCL phase, the growth of the PCL crystalline regions, and therefore the amount and even the sensitivity of free amorphous PCL chains in response to acetone vapor. Here, the PEO domains serve as mini‐dividers to restrict the growth of the semicrystalline PCL phase. During acetone vapor annealing, the PEO phase remains largely unchanged while swollen‐free amorphous PCL chains are deposited on pre‐existing PCL or even PEO crystalline lamellae, giving rise to hierarchical structures of high regularity. The morphologies of PCL/PEO hierarchical structures reported in this study are of striking uniformity, further demonstrating the reliability of the facile SVA method, not only for a few layers of thin fiber mats but also for thicker fiber mats.
Drop‐On‐Drop Multimaterial 3D Bioprinting Realized by Peroxidase‐Mediated Cross‐Linking
Authors: Sakai Shinji , Ueda Kohei , Gantumur Enkhtuul , Taya Masahito , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA cytocompatible inkjet bioprinting approach that enables the use of a variety of bioinks to produce hydrogels with a wide range of characteristics is developed. Stabilization of bioinks is caused by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐catalyzed cross‐linking consuming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 3D cell‐laden hydrogels are fabricated by the sequential dropping of a bioink containing polymer(s) cross‐linkable through the enzymatic reaction and H2O2 onto droplets of another bioink containing the polymer, HRP, and cells. The ≈95% viability of enclosed mouse fibroblasts and subsequent elongation of the cells in a bioprinted hydrogel consisting of gelatin and hyaluronic acid derivatives suggest the high cytocompatibility of the developed printing approach. The existence of numerous polymers, including derivatives of polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymers, cross‐linkable through the HRP‐catalyzed reaction, means the current approach shows great promise for biofabrication of functional and structurally complex tissues.
Influence of moisture source and sink regions on northeast monsoon rainfall
Authors: Suneetha P. , Latha P. , Ramalingeswara Rao S. , Bhanu Kumar O. S. R. U. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe northeast monsoon (NEM) over south India plays a vital role in producing light and moderate rainfall events during October through December. Excess NEM rainfall is mainly due to the intensified tropical cyclones and easterly waves from the Pacific east–west troughs over the Bay of Bengal. The main heat source and sink regions of this monsoon season are the western Pacific high and the Siberian high, respectively. Relative variations in the areal extent and intensity of these source and sink regions influence the NEM season by excess or deficient rainfall. Hence, the aim of the present study was to observe the impact of the Siberian high and the western Pacific high on the NEM rainfall in excess and deficient years. For this purpose, dynamic and thermodynamic parameters, the zonal and meridional winds, the velocity potential, the sea surface temperature and the relative humidity of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data were used for the period 1951–2014. Analysis of these variables revealed the importance of the source and sink regions for the enhancement/reduction of NEM rainfall during excess/deficient years.
Downscaling the contribution to uncertainty in climate‐change assessments: representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios for the South Alborz Range, Iran
Authors: Mirdashtvan M. , Najafinejad A. , Malekian A. , Sa'doddin A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTOne of the most important stages in climate‐change‐impact studies is uncertainty analysis, due to its great effect on both predictions and decision‐making. This study presents a procedure that characterizes the changes of climatic variables for the period 2011–2040 under representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios and then quantifies the uncertainty linked with the downscaling process using a bootstrapping method at 95% confidence intervals in one of the most vulnerable basins, the “Karaj‐Jajrud” located in the South Alborz Range, Iran. The results show that there is a consistent warming in mean air temperature time‐series with different magnitudes for all the RCP scenarios in the region for 2011–2040, whereas the results indicate decreasing precipitation compared with the baseline period for all RCP scenarios in the study area. Analysing the impacts of the downscaling process uncertainty on the prediction results shows that the contribution of this uncertainty source to the prediction uncertainty is relatively high, as about 30% of the downscaled temperature and precipitation data fall inside the 95% simulation confidence intervals. Furthermore, precipitation‐series uncertainty is more than the air temperature series. Climate change assessments and their uncertainty analysis can help managers to enhance preparedness and adaptation strategies in order to mitigate the consequences of natural hazards. More investigations can be done by adopting more general circulation models and other downscaling methods to compare the uncertainty that arises from each uncertainty source.
A fast algorithm for the spectral radii of weakly reducible nonnegative tensors
Authors: Zhou Guanglu , Wang Gang , Qi Liqun , Alqahtani Mohammed 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a fast algorithm for computing the spectral radii of symmetric nonnegative tensors. In particular, by this proposed algorithm, we are able to obtain the spectral radii of weakly reducible symmetric nonnegative tensors without requiring the partition of the tensors. As we know, it is very costly to determine the partition for large‐sized weakly reducible tensors. Numerical results are reported to show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and also able to compute the spectral radii of large‐sized tensors. As an application, we present an algorithm for testing the positive definiteness of Z‐tensors. By this algorithm, it is guaranteed to determine the positive definiteness for any Z‐tensor.
Hydrogenolysis of C−O Chemical Bonds of Broad Scope Mediated by a New Spherical Sol–Gel Catalyst
Authors: Pandarus Valerica , Ciriminna Rosaria , Gingras Geneviève , Béland François , Pagliaro Mario , Kaliaguine Serge 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe new spherical sol–gel hybrid material SiliaCat Pd0 selectively mediates the hydrogenolysis of aromatic alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones by using an ultralow catalytic amount (0.1 mol % Pd) under mild reaction conditions. The broad reaction scope as well as the catalyst's superior activity and pronounced stability open the route to green and convenient reductive deoxygenation processes of primary synthetic relevance in chemical research as well as in the fine chemical and petrochemical industries.
Choosing the Right Lens – When Round Must Become Square
Authors: Simon Stephanie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWith image processing algorithms and in particular with deep learning being so powerful, it is tempting to concentrate on this processing side and less on the actual hardware taking the images. Lens selection is very often left to last in both R&D and product manufacturing cycles. Putting effort into selecting the right lens, will not only allow an engineer to leverage the full potential of a camera's image sensor but it is also one of the first tools of data reduction and system simplification, key points to building any solution. Familiarity with the following five key criteria will help select the best lens for any application.