bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability and profitability of MENA banking system: Islamic versus commercial banks
Authors: Khasawneh Ahmad Y. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to compare Islamic and commercial banks in the region of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in terms of profitability and stability.

Design/methodology/approach
The study combines both the descriptive and analytical approaches. It considers panel data sets and adopts panel data econometric techniques.

Findings
The determinants of banks profitability and stability are different according to bank’s type. The results show that Islamic banks are more profitable than commercial banks, while on the other hand, commercial banks are more stable than Islamic banks. It is also concluded that banks profitability and stability are determined through some bank’s characteristics variables and macroeconomic variables in addition to the financial crises. MENA commercial and Islamic banking was affected by the financial crises in terms of profitability and stability. Additionally, larger banks are more stable than smaller banks, and off-balance sheet activities increase banks’ vulnerability for both commercial and Islamic MENA banks.

Research limitations/implications
The most prominent limitation is the lack of data, as we had to exclude some variables because of missing observations. As a result, the authors could not use data envelopment approach and stochastic frontier approach to evaluate banks efficiency in MENA countries rather than the financial ratios.

Practical implications
Commercial banks need to enhance their capitalization to improve their profitability. Additionally, Islamic banks need to improve the risk assessment and adopt some of the available risk management tools. Moreover, the banking system should take advantage of relatively higher Islamic banks profitability and use the unexploited profit opportunities through spreading into those countries with limited availability, such as the North African countries.

Originality/value
This study address both banks profitability and stability in an emerging region that includes banks of different types (Islamic and commercial) which are located in different counties that allows accounting for operational and institutional differences.
Have you experienced fun in the workplace?
Authors: Chan Simon C.H. , Mak Wai-ming 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between workplace fun, trust-in-management, employee satisfaction and whether the level of fun experienced at work moderates the effects.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a sample of 240 frontline staff in a large-scale retail store in Hong Kong.FindingsThe results show that trust-in-management mediates the relationship between workplace fun and employee job satisfaction. Additionally, employees who experience a high level of fun in the workplace have a greater effect on workplace fun, trust-in-management and job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study is that it collects data from a self-reported single source in a cross-sectional survey design.Practical implicationsBecause workplace fun helps organizations promote employee trust and job satisfaction, organizations should provide more enjoyable activities for employees to participate in.Originality/valueThis study provides a new insight into the effects of workplace fun on employees’ trust-in-management and job satisfaction.
The causes, impact and prevention of employee fraud
Authors: Omar Mastura , Nawawi Anuar , Puteh Salin Ahmad Saiful Azlin 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causes and impact of employee fraud, focusing on one particular industry, namely, the automotive industry.

Design/methodology/approach
One company was selected as a case for the study. Qualitative data analysis was used for the study, with two techniques for data collection. First was the content or document analysis on various reports, such as employee fraud reports and records of disciplinary action, and second was a series of interviews with employees from different levels and various departments of the company.

Findings
This study found that the most popular type of fraud is misappropriation of assets, including theft of cash and inventories. No significant differences were seen in terms of fraudster position, as they can come from both the lower and the executive level. However, majority of the fraudsters come from the operational and sales department. This study also found that majority of the fraudsters in the case study were male, new employees and young adults. Their motivations to commit fraud include lack of understanding about fraud behavior, opportunity to commit fraud and lifestyle and financial pressure.

Research limitations/implications
The results provide further confirmation of the Fraud Triangle Theory and Fraud Diamond Theory on the causes of the fraud. They are also consistent with much prior research and surveys conducted by global professional firms on fraud and its related causes and implications. This study, however, was conducted on only one company with several series of interviews and three years of document analysis. Future research should collect and analyze data from a higher number of companies with more respondents for interviews and longer period for document analysis to get more accurate results.

Practical implications
This study provides some recommendations for fraud prevention in the future based on real fraud cases and those that involved managing cases up to and including disciplinary decision. These include closed supervision, fraud awareness training, clearer job descriptions, cultivation of a pleasant working environment and improved security control.

Social implications
This study found that some of the causes of fraud include social factors like lifestyle and financial pressure due to low income. Policy adjustments, such as an effort to push people beyond the poverty line with higher minimum wages, need to be made to prevent low-income workers from seeing their company as another source of illegal income.

Originality/value
This study is original, as it focuses on a company that operates in the automotive industry, which is rare in fraud literature, particularly in developing markets. In addition, the company is new, so analysis can be conducted on how the company evolved and learned from the fraud analysis for prevention in the future. Furthermore, this study used two techniques of data collection, so that verification of the findings may be made for better reliability.
Libor benchmark: practice, crime and reforms
Authors: Yeoh Peter 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to trace how and why the market-designed Libor benchmark turned bad, thereby necessitating a regulatory response.

Design/methodology/approach
The study relies on primary and secondary data in the public domain and complemented by a single-case study.

Findings
The study demonstrates how and why Libor benchmark rigging led to reforms in the UK and elsewhere.

Research limitations/implications
The study relying mainly on the secondary data analysis needs to be enhanced by further empirical-based studies.

Practical implications
Insights generated by the study suggest why it might not be worthwhile for market participants to game the system.

Social implications
Libor benchmark affects the financial system widely with varying significance to the wider public. With better regulatory oversight, its negative impact is expected to be mitigated considerably.

Originality/value
The seriousness with which the enforcement agency and judiciary now treat financial crime weakens the earlier public perception that white-collar crime is enforced differently.
Assessing the omission of records from a data set using Benford’s law
Authors: Carreira Pedro , Gomes da Silva Carlos 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology to estimate the number of records that were omitted from a data set, and to assess its effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
The procedure to estimate the number of records that were omitted from a data set is based on Benford’s law. Empirical experiments are performed to illustrate the application of the procedure. In detail, two simulated Benford-conforming data sets are distorted and the procedure is then used to recover the original patterns of the data sets.

Findings
The effectiveness of the procedure seems to increase with the degree of conformity of the original data set with Benford’s law.

Practical implications
This work can be useful in auditing and economic crime detection, namely in identifying tax evasion.

Originality/value
This work is the first to propose Benford’s law as a tool to detect data evasion.
Using Beneish model to detect corporate financial statement fraud in Greece
Authors: Repousis Spyridon 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate empirically the eight-variables Beneish M-model to identify occurrence of financial statement fraud or tendency to engage in earning manipulation.Design/methodology/approachA data set of 25,468 companies (Société Anonyme and Limited Liability Companies) in Greece was analyzed during two-year period of 2011-2012. Financial statements of banks are excluded.FindingsThe results showed that 8,486 companies or 33 per cent of the whole sample has a greater than −2.2 score, which is a signal that companies are likely to be manipulators. Also, for manipulators, results usingF-distribution showed that days sales in receivable index (DSRI), asset quality index (AQI), depreciation index, selling, general and administrative expenses index (SGAI), total accruals to total assets index and leverage index (LVGI) are significant at 99 per cent confidence level in its effect on Beneish M-score. Also, there is a significant relationship between earning management, as expressed by Beneish M-score and each one of variables, DSRI, AQI, gross margin index, sales growth index, SGAI and LVGI. Most of all, DSRI explains 95.92 per cent of the variation in Beneish M-score in statistical terms.Practical implicationsResults are important for banking system, because financial statements information influence credit decisions of banks. Debt agreements include terms based upon accounting numbers. Also, using Beneish Model, it is a cheap and easy way for examiners of possible fraudulent activity.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, there is a great lack of research in Greece, using Beneish model. There is only one more study using the Beneish model, examining only a few companies listed in Athens Stock Exchange during 1999-2000. Findings have also important implications not only for banks but also for users of Greek financial statement accounts, especially to investors, auditors, regulators, to taxation and other state authorities.
Causes, effects and deterrence of insurance fraud: evidence from Ghana
Authors: Akomea-Frimpong Isaac , Andoh Charles , Ofosu-Hene Eric Dei 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to measure the extent of effects of insurance fraud on the financial performance of insurance companies in Ghana. It also examines the causes and stringent measures that can be used to fight against insurance fraud.Design/methodology/approachPrimary and secondary data obtained from 39 insurers in Ghana are used in this paper. A multiple regression model is used to determine the relationship between financial performance and insurance fraud variables.FindingsThe results from the model indicate that statistically insurance fraud has a significant negative effect on the annual return on assets (financial performance) of insurers in Ghana. Also, weak internal controls, poor remuneration of employees, falsified documents, deliberate acts of policyholders to profit from the insurance contract and inadequate training for independent brokers are found to be the major causes of insurance fraud in Ghana. To deter insurance fraud, effective internal fraud policy, rigorous assessment of insurance policies and claims, adequate training for independent brokers on insurance fraud and modern information technology tools are paramount in fighting this menace in Ghana.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings are to have substantial impact on the techniques insurance companies will develop to fight insurance fraud and the policies that will be developed by governments and national insurance regulatory bodies to fight this menace.Originality/valueThe main value of this paper is the determination of the key variables that constitute insurance fraud and their impacts on the annual financial performance of insurance companies in Ghana.
The problem of “white noise”: examining current prevention approaches to online fraud
Authors: Cross Cassandra , Kelly Michael 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the current prevention messages that exist surrounding the prevention of online fraud. In particular, it focuses on the amount and level of detail that is promoted for each type of potential fraudulent approach.Design/methodology/approachMultiple data sources are used to establish the main premise of this paper. This includes the publication entitledThe Little Black Book of Scams, qualitative data from victims who have experienced online fraud, and materials collected through a police investigation into online fraud.FindingsResults of this analysis indicate that current prevention messages are characterised by a large degree of detail about the various ways that (online) fraud can be perpetrated. This is argued to be ineffective, based on the experiences of victims who were unable to apply their previous knowledge about fraud to their experiences. Additionally, the categorisation of fraudulent approaches is highlighted as unimportant to offenders, who are focused on obtaining money by whatever means (or approach) possible.Practical implicationsThis paper provides the impetus to evaluate the effectiveness of current prevention messages. It points to a simplification of existing prevention messages to focus more importantly on the transfer of money and the protection of personal information.Originality/valueThis paper argues that current prevention messages are characterised by too much “white noise”, in that they focus on an overwhelming amount of detail. This is argued to obscure what should be a straightforward message which could have a greater impact than current messages.
Interaction among funding liquidity, liquidity creation and stock liquidity of banks
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Sun Gang 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis study aims to explore the relationship between three different kinds of bank liquidity: funding liquidity; liquidity creation; and stock liquidity.Design/methodology/approachIt used the data from listed banks of BRICS countries spanning the period 2007-2014. Simultaneous equations model and three-stage least square estimation were used for analysis.FindingsFirst of all, increase in liquidity creation is linked to decline in funding liquidity, but variation in funding liquidity does not describe changes in liquidity creation. Second, higher stock illiquidity is associated with greater liquidity creation, but liquidity creation does not determine variation in stock liquidity. Lastly, there is no direct relationship between funding liquidity and stock liquidity; however, stock liquidity indirectly affects funding liquidity through liquidity creation.Practical implicationsThe findings highlight the fact that capital is not the only determinant of liquidity creation, rather stock liquidity is an equally important determinant in the case of listed banks of BRICS countries. This fact has been highlighted by the recent financial crisis. Furthermore, funding liquidity depends on liquidity creation which depends on stock liquidity. However, the stock liquidity of banks neither depends on liquidity creation nor funding liquidity.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first one to provide the empirical evidence for the relationship between three different kinds of bank liquidity.
Basel disclosure by private and public sector banks in India: assessment and implications
Authors: Samanta Prodyot , Dugal Mohinder 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to assess the nature and characteristics of regulatory risk management reporting by private and public sector banks in India.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 38 banks, a content analysis of their Basel II disclosure reports for the year 2012-2013 is examined.FindingsThe assessment shows that while the majority of the disclosure across banks focuses on credit risk and capital adequacy ratios, the total quantity of disclosure varies significantly across banks. Of the three broad risk categories (market, credit and operational), operational risk disclosure is the least, with minimal to no disclosure on several key aspects of operational risk, suggesting that operational risk issues are likely to emerge as an area of concern among Indian banks. Further, for the sector as a whole, the authors observe that asset size and net income are positively correlated with the quantity of regulatory disclosure and negatively correlated with the variation of this disclosure, suggesting a possible precautionary behavior on the part of larger and more profitable banks toward excessive scrutiny by the regulators and a regulatory regime in which no institution is too big to fail.Originality/valueAs an exploratory research article to address the characteristics of regulatory disclosure of private and public sector banks in India, it is informative, particularly for those working in the area of banking regulation and compliance. Areas for further research are suggested.
Determinants of being acquired in Indian manufacturing sector: a panel data analysis
Authors: Irfan Mohd , Saha Sarani , Singh Sanjay Kumar 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the firms’ determinants of being acquired in Indian manufacturing sector. There is evidence of relationship between likelihood of being acquired and several firm specific characteristics such as age, size, research and development (R&D), advertising intensity, productivity, leverage, profitability, intangible assets and financial constraints. However, little is known about the association between these characteristics and likelihood of acquisition in Indian manufacturing sector.Design/methodology/approachThe sample is a panel of 2,189 Indian manufacturing firms spanning almost 10 years (1998-2007). Random effects logistic (REL) regression model is adopted to control the firm specific unobserved heterogeneity in the sample. This is an essential requirement for providing accurate and effective determinants of being acquired.FindingsEmpirical results reveal that the determinants of being acquired in Indian manufacturing sector are age, size, R&D intensity, advertising intensity, productivity and leverage. The findings indicate that increase in firms’ age, size, R&D intensity and advertising intensity increases the likelihood of being acquired. However, increase in productivity and leverage decreases the likelihood of being acquired.Research limitations/implicationsFindings of this study may be useful for potential targets to arrive at more thoughtful assessment of their attractiveness and, accordingly, promote their acquisition as a more efficient mode of exit.Originality/valueThe paper contributes some empirical evidence on the determinants of being acquired in Indian manufacturing sector by using panel data and REL regression model.
An exploration of online brand community (OBC) engagement and customer’s intention to purchase
Authors: Tiruwa Anurag , Yadav Rajan , Suri P.K. 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of online brand communities on customers’ attitude, who engage with such communities, and their further influence on purchase intention (PI).Design/methodology/approachA conceptual framework was developed by reviewing literature and then validating it in the context of customers, engaged with Facebook brand pages. The framework empirically examined the influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence and attachment with brand (AWB) on attitude towards brand and PI; alongside the influence of AWB on PI, from 206 responses gathered from an online survey administered to Facebook users. The framework was validated by using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the proposed framework was found to have a good fit, and seven of eight relationships hypothesized were found to be significant. The study establishes that the online brand communities have an impact on the customers’ attitude, which in turn has an influence on customers’ intention to purchase.Originality/valueThis study is first of its kind to analyse the engagement on Facebook online brand communities and the influence they have on the customers’ attitude towards a brand which further develops the PI of the customer. The paper suggests and supports the adoption and usage of online brand communities as a part marketing and communication strategy.