bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiometric traceability diagnosis and bias correction for the Suomi NPP VIIRS long‐wave infrared channels during blackbody unsteady states
Authors: Cao Changyong , Wang Wenhui , Blonski Slawomir , Zhang Bin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership Program (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Thermal Emissive Bands (TEBs) have been performing well since the data became available on 20 January 2012, and the Sensor Data Record data reached validated maturity on 18 March 2014. While overall the validation has shown that these channels have an estimated absolute uncertainty on the order of 0.1 K based on extensive comparisons, there is a remaining issue that persisted over the years. A calibration bias on the order of 0.1 K is introduced in channels such as M15 during the quarterly blackbody temperature warm‐up/cooldown, and the bias is further amplified by the sea surface temperature (SST) retrieval algorithm up to 0.3 K in the global daily‐averaged products which causes an apparent spike in the SST time series. Our investigation reveals that this bias is caused by a fundamental but flawed theoretical assumption in the VIIRS calibration equation, which states that the shape of the calibration curve is assumed unchanged from prelaunch to postlaunch without any constrains. While the assumption may work to account for long‐term degradation, it has a shortcoming during the blackbody unsteady state. In this study, we present a diagnostic and correction method with a compensatory term (Ltrace) to reconcile the assumption such that it removes the calibration bias during the blackbody temperature changes. The methodology has been tested using historical data, and the results are very positive. The implementation has minimal impacts on the operational data processing system and is readily available for use in operations.
Shallow ponds are heterogeneous habitats within a temperate salt marsh ecosystem
Authors: Spivak Amanda C. , Gosselin Kelsey , Howard Evan , Mariotti Giulio , Forbrich Inke , Stanley Rachel , Sylva Sean P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntegrating spatial heterogeneity into assessments of salt marsh biogeochemistry is becoming increasingly important because disturbances that reduce plant productivity and soil drainage may contribute to an expansion of shallow ponds. These permanently inundated and sometimes prominent landscape features can exist for decades, yet little is known about pond biogeochemistry or their role in marsh ecosystem functioning. We characterized three ponds in a temperate salt marsh (MA, USA) over alternating periods of tidal isolation and flushing, during summer and fall, by evaluating the composition of plant communities and organic matter pools and measuring surface water oxygen, temperature, and conductivity. The ponds were located in the high marsh and had similar depths, temperatures, and salinities. Despite this, they had different levels of suspended particulate, dissolved, and sediment organic matter and abundances of phytoplankton, macroalgae, and Ruppia maritima. Differences in plant communities were reflected in pond metabolism rates, which ranged from autotrophic to heterotrophic. Integrating ponds into landcover‐based estimates of marsh metabolism resulted in slower rates of net production (−8.1 ± 0.3 to −15.7 ± 0.9%) and respiration (−2.9 ± 0.5 to −10.0 ± 0.4%), compared to rates based on emergent grasses alone. Seasonality had a greater effect on pond water chemistry, organic matter pools, and algal abundances than tidal connectivity. Alternating stretches of tidal isolation and flushing did not affect pond salinities or algal communities, suggesting that exchange between ponds and nearby creeks was limited. Overall, we found that ponds are heterogeneous habitats and future expansion could reduce landscape connectivity and the ability of marshes to capture and store carbon.
Chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of dendronized polymers for cyanine dye encapsulation
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Achazi Katharina , Licha Kai , Manchanda Priyanka , Haag Rainer , Sharma Sunil Kumar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCyanine 3 is an amphiphilic fluorescent dye used in optical imaging, bioengineering, and for cellular internalization. However, the applications of the dye are limited due to its poor aqueous stability, aggregation tendency, and lack of selectivity. To address these issues, we have developed PEG and azidotriglycerol based dendronized polymers using Novozym 435 as a biocatalyst under solvent free conditions. The resulting polymer having azido and hydroxyl functionalities available in the backbone were further grafted with alkyl chains and polyglycerol dendrons using esterification and ‘Click’ chemistry approach. These polymers form stable micelles at micromolar concentration. All the polymers were characterized from their spectral data and their tendency to encapsulate cyanine 3 dye studied using UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity study of the polymers performed against A549 cell lines suggests them to be nontoxic up to a concentration of 500 μg/ml.
New methodology to reconstruct in 2‐D the cuspal enamel of modern human lower molars
Authors: Modesto‐Mata Mario , García‐Campos Cecilia , Martín‐Francés Laura , Martínez de Pinillos Marina , García‐González Rebeca , Quintino Yuliet , Canals Antoni , Lozano Marina , Dean M. Christopher , Martinón‐Torres María , Bermúdez de Castro José María 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn the last years different methodologies have been developed to reconstruct worn teeth. In this article, we propose a new 2‐D methodology to reconstruct the worn enamel of lower molars. Our main goals are to reconstruct molars with a high level of accuracy when measuring relevant histological variables and to validate the methodology calculating the errors associated with the measurements.MethodsThis methodology is based on polynomial regression equations, and has been validated using two different dental variables: cuspal enamel thickness and crown height of the protoconid. In order to perform the validation process, simulated worn modern human molars were employed. The associated errors of the measurements were also estimated applying methodologies previously proposed by other authors.ResultsThe mean percentage error estimated in reconstructed molars for these two variables in comparison with their own real values is −2.17% for the cuspal enamel thickness of the protoconid and −3.18% for the crown height of the protoconid. This error significantly improves the results of other methodologies, both in the interobserver error and in the accuracy of the measurements.ConclusionsThe new methodology based on polynomial regressions can be confidently applied to the reconstruction of cuspal enamel of lower molars, as it improves the accuracy of the measurements and reduces the interobserver error. The present study shows that it is important to validate all methodologies in order to know the associated errors. This new methodology can be easily exportable to other modern human populations, the human fossil record and forensic sciences.
Use of Supramolecular Assemblies as Lithographic Resists
Authors: Lewis Scott M. , Fernandez Antonio , DeRose Guy A. , Hunt Matthew S. , Whitehead George F. S. , Lagzda Agnese , Alty Hayden R. , Ferrando‐Soria Jesus , Varey Sarah , Kostopoulos Andreas K. , Schedin Fredrik , Muryn Christopher A. , Timco Grigore A. , Scherer Axel , Yeates Stephen G. , Winpenny Richard E. P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new resist material for electron beam lithography has been created that is based on a supramolecular assembly. Initial studies revealed that with this supramolecular approach, high‐resolution structures can be written that show unprecedented selectivity when exposed to etching conditions involving plasmas.
Directed C−H Activation and Tandem Cross‐Coupling Reactions Using Palladium Nanocatalysts with Controlled Oxidation
Authors: Kim Kiseong , Jung Younjae , Lee Suyeon , Kim Mijong , Shin Dongwoo , Byun Hyeeun , Cho Sung June , Song Hyunjoon , Kim Hyunwoo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractControlled oxidation of palladium nanoparticles provided high‐valent PdIV oxo‐clusters which efficiently promote directed C−H halogenation reactions. In addition, palladium nanoparticles can undergo changes in oxidation states to provide both high‐valent PdIV and low‐valent Pd0 species within one system, and thus a tandem reaction of C−H halogenation and cross‐coupling (C−N, C−C, and C−S bond formation) was successfully established.
Inducing Complexity in Intermetallics through Electron–Hole Matching: The Structure of Fe14Pd17Al69
Authors: Peterson Gordon G. C. , Yannello Vincent J. , Fredrickson Daniel C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe illustrate how the crystal structure of Fe14Pd17Al69 provides an example of an electron–hole matching approach to inducing frustration in intermetallic systems. Its structure contains a framework based on IrAl2.75, a binary compound that closely adheres to the 18−n rule. Upon substituting the Ir with a mixture of Fe and Pd, a competition arises between maintaining the overall ideal electron concentration and accommodating the different structural preferences of the two elements. A 2×2×2 supercell results, with Pd‐ and Fe‐rich regions emerging. Just as in the original IrAl2.75 phase, the electronic structure of Fe14Pd17Al69 exhibits a pseudogap at the Fermi energy arising from an 18−n bonding scheme. The electron–hole matching approach's ability to combine structural complexity with electronic pseudogaps offers an avenue to new phonon glass–electron crystal materials.
Highly Ordered Self‐Assembly of Native Proteins into 1D, 2D, and 3D Structures Modulated by the Tether Length of Assembly‐Inducing Ligands
Authors: Yang Guang , Ding Hong‐ming , Kochovski Zdravko , Hu Rongting , Lu Yan , Ma Yu‐qiang , Chen Guosong , Jiang Ming 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn nature, proteins self‐assemble into various structures with different dimensions. To construct these nanostructures in laboratories, normally proteins with different symmetries are selected. However, most of these approaches are engineering‐intensive and highly dependent on the accuracy of the protein design. Herein, we report that a simple native protein LecA assembles into one‐dimensional nanoribbons and nanowires, two‐dimensional nanosheets, and three‐dimensional layered structures controlled mainly by small‐molecule assembly‐inducing ligands RnG (n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) with varying numbers of ethylene oxide repeating units. To understand the formation mechanism of the different morphologies controlled by the small‐molecule structure, molecular simulations were performed from microscopic and mesoscopic view, which presented a clear relationship between the molecular structure of the ligands and the assembled patterns. These results introduce an easy strategy to control the assembly structure and dimension, which could shed light on controlled protein assembly.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Tertiary Phosphine Directed C−H Arylation: Rapid Construction of Ligand Libraries
Authors: Qiu Xiaodong , Wang Minyan , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractModification of commercially available monophosphine ligands with either aryl bromides or chlorides by rhodium(I)‐catalyzed, tertiary phosphine directed C−H activation is described. A series of ligand libraries containing mono‐ and diaryl‐substituted groups, having different steric and electronic properties, were obtained in high yields. Based on the outstanding properties of their parent scaffolds, the modified ligands have been found to be powerful in organic reactions.
Facile Phenylphosphinidene Transfer Reactions from Carbene–Phosphinidene Zinc Complexes
Authors: Krachko Tetiana , Bispinghoff Mark , Tondreau Aaron M. , Stein Daniel , Baker Matthew , Ehlers Andreas W. , Slootweg J. Chris , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPhosphinidenes [R‐P] are convenient P1 building blocks for the synthesis of a plethora of organophosphorus compounds. Thus far, transition‐metal‐complexed phosphinidenes have been used for their singlet ground‐state reactivity to promote selective addition and insertion reactions. One disadvantage of this approach is that after transfer of the P1 moiety to the substrate, a challenging demetallation step is required to provide the free phosphine. We report a simple method that enables the Lewis acid promoted transfer of phenylphosphinidene, [PhP], from NHC=PPh adducts (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) to various substrates to produce directly uncoordinated phosphorus heterocycles that are difficult to obtain otherwise.
A Simple Post‐Polymerization Modification Method for Controlling Side‐Chain Information in Digital Polymers
Authors: König Niklas Felix , Al Ouahabi Abdelaziz , Poyer Salomé , Charles Laurence , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA three‐step post‐polymerization modification method was developed for the design of digitally encoded poly(phosphodiester)s with controllable side groups. Sequence‐defined precursors were synthesized, either manually on polystyrene resins or automatically on controlled pore glass supports, using two phosphoramidite monomers containing either terminal alkynes or triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) protected alkyne side groups. Afterwards, these polymers were modified by stepwise copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The terminal alkynes were first reacted with a model azide compound, and after removal of the TIPS groups, the remaining alkynes were reacted with another organic azide. This simple method allows for quantitative side‐chain modification, thus opening up interesting avenues for the preparation of a wide variety of digital polymers.
Visualizing Biological Copper Storage: The Importance of Thiolate‐Coordinated Tetranuclear Clusters
Authors: Baslé Arnaud , Platsaki Semeli , Dennison Christopher 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBacteria possess cytosolic proteins (Csp3s) capable of binding large quantities of copper and preventing toxicity. Crystal structures of a Csp3 plus increasing amounts of CuI provide atomic‐level information about how a storage protein loads with metal ions. Many more sites are occupied than CuI equiv added, with binding by twelve central sites dominating. These can form [Cu4(S‐Cys)4] intermediates leading to [Cu4(S‐Cys)5]−, [Cu4(S‐Cys)6]2−, and [Cu4(S‐Cys)5(O‐Asn)]− clusters. Construction of the five CuI sites at the opening of the bundle lags behind the main core, and the two least accessible sites at the opposite end of the bundle are occupied last. Facile CuI cluster formation, reminiscent of that for inorganic complexes with organothiolate ligands, is largely avoided in biology but is used by proteins that store copper in the cytosol of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, where this reactivity is also key to toxicity.
Distributed Consensus Filter for a Class of Continuous‐Time Nonlinear Stochastic Systems in Sensor Networks
Authors: Jenabzadeh Ahmadreza , Safarinejadian Behrouz , Mohammadnia Foroogh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the state estimation problem for continuous‐time nonlinear stochastic systems in sensor networks. For this purpose, a distributed consensus filter (DCF) is proposed based on Lyapunov stability theory for every node in a sensor network. It will be proved that the mean square of the estimation error is exponentially ultimately bounded. This filter can estimate the states of nonlinear stochastic systems, the nonlinear functions of which satisfy a pseudo Lipschitz condition. Sufficient conditions for the existence of this filter are sensor network connectivity and LMI solvability of DCF. Furthermore, a criterion is presented to optimize the filter gain based on minimizing the upper consensus bound of estimation error. Simulation results show the promising performance of the proposed filter.
Effects of SA237, a humanized anti‐interleukin‐6 receptor monoclonal antibody, on pre‐ and postnatal development in cynomolgus monkey
Authors: Katagiri Ryuichi , Ishihara‐Hattori Kana , Frings Werner , Amano Jun , Fuchs Antje , Chiba Shuichi 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundSA237 is a humanized anti‐interleukin‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) monoclonal antibody in which the constant and variable regions have been engineered for a longer plasma half‐life. According to literature, blocking of IL‐6 related functions could have an influence on pregnancy sustainment, development of the immune system, and brain growth.MethodsSA237 effects on dams, embryo‐fetal development, parturition and postnatal development were investigated in an enhanced pre‐ and postnatal development study, in which SA237 was subcutaneously administered to pregnant cynomolgus monkeys at dose levels of 2 or 50 mg/kg once weekly from gestation day 20 until parturition. Infant development, including immune function and learning ability tests, was comprehensively assessed at multiple examinations until approximately 10 months after birth.ResultsSA237 plasma concentrations were almost equivalent between dams and their infants and dropped throughout the postnatal period, pharmacologically relevant exposure was maintained for 147 days after birth at 50 mg/kg. Because the binding of SA237 to IL‐6R inhibited IL‐6R‐mediated clearance of IL‐6, serum IL‐6 increased in dams and infants. However, there were no SA237‐related adverse effects on dams, embryos, fetuses, or infants. SA237 pharmacological effects contributed to the suppression of plasma cell differentiation and antibody production by inhibiting IL‐6 signaling, and T cell‐dependent antibody reaction was minimally suppressed in infants, but physiological immunoglobulin class switching and general antibody production against a T cell‐dependent antigen were maintained.ConclusionThe exposure to SA237 did not adversely affect dams, embryo‐fetal development, parturition, and postnatal development, including immune function and neuronal development. Birth Defects Research 109:843–856, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermoluminescence properties of Eu‐doped and Eu/Dy‐codoped Sr2Al2SiO7 phosphors
Authors: Jadhaw Akhilesh , Sonwane Vivek D. , Gour Anubha S. , Jha Piyush 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report the thermoluminescence properties of Sr1.96Al2SiO7:Eu0.04 and Sr1.92Al2SiO7:Eu0.04Dy0.04 phosphors. These phosphors were prepared by a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. The prepared phosphors were characterized by X‐ray diffraction. A 254 nm source was used for ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and a 60Co source was used for γ‐irradiation. The effect of heating rate and UV‐exposure were examined. The thermoluminescence temperature shifts to higher values with increasing heating rate and thermoluminescence intensity increases with increasing UV exposure time. The trapping parameters such as activation energy (E), order of kinetics and frequency factor (s) were calculated by peak shape method. The effect of γ‐ and UV‐irradiation on thermoluminescence studies was also examined.
Structural differences in impaired verbal fluency in essential tremor patients compared to healthy controls
Authors: Pelzer Esther A. , Nelles Christian , Pedrosa David J. , Eggers Carsten , Burghaus Lothar , Melzer Corina , Tittgemeyer Marc , Timmermann Lars 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe wanted to identify differences in grey and white matter in essential tremor patients compared to controls in the non‐motor domain, using the example of impaired verbal fluency.BackgroundA disturbance of verbal fluency in essential tremor patients compared to healthy controls is behaviorally well described.MethodsVoxel‐based morphometry and tract‐based spatial statistics were used to analyze structural differences in grey and white matter in 19 essential tremor patients compared to 23 age‐ and gender‐matched controls.ResultsSeveral significant observations were made. (I) There was less grey matter in the predominantly right precuneus in the essential tremor group compared to controls [p < .001]. (II) In ET patients mean, axial, and radial diffusivity values broadly correlated with the tremor rating scale, pronounced in fronto‐parietal regions [p < .05]. (III) In ET patients there was a significant decline in fractional anisotropy values in the corpus callosum in the correlation with verbal fluency results [p < .05]; by inclusion of the tremor rating scale as covariate of no interest this significance was however diminished to a tendency (p < .1). No significant results were found in these within‐group correlations in grey matter analyses for ET patients (p > .05).ConclusionThe present results indicate that non‐motor symptoms such as verbal fluency (VBF) in ET have a structural substrate; their reproduction requires the integration of potential environmental plasticity effects, differentiation into individual clinical subtypes and a careful handling with methodological peculiarities of structural MR imaging.
A minor role of asparaginase in predisposing to cerebral venous thromboses in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients
Authors: Roininen Saara , Laine Outi , Kauppila Marjut , Vesanen Marko , Rämet Maria , Sinisalo Marjatta , Jantunen Esa , Säily Marjaana , Räty Riikka , Elonen Erkki , Wartiovaara‐Kautto Ulla 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) covers up to a third of all venous thromboses (VTs) detected in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It usually hampers patients' lives and may also endanger efficient leukemia treatment. Although many factors have been suggested to account for an elevated risk of VTs in patients with ALL, there still is a lack of studies focusing on CVTs and especially in the setting of adult ALL patients. We studied in our retrospective population‐based cohort the occurrence, characteristics, as well as risk factors for VTs in 186 consecutively diagnosed Finnish adult ALL patients treated with a national pediatric‐inspired treatment protocol ALL2000. In the risk factor analyses for VTs we found a distinction of the characteristics of the patients acquiring CVT from those with other kinds of VTs or without thrombosis. In contrast to previous studies we were also able to compare the effects of asparaginase in relation to CVT occurrence. Notably, more than half of the CVTs were diagnosed prior the administration of asparaginase which accentuates the role of other risk factors on the pathophysiology of CVT compared to truncal or central venous line (CVL) VTs in adult ALL patients.
Controlling the Regioselectivity of Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenases by Mutation of Active‐Site Residues
Authors: Balke Kathleen , Bäumgen Marcus , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBaeyer–Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO)‐mediated regiodivergent conversions of asymmetric ketones can lead to the formation of “normal” or “abnormal” lactones. In a previous study, we were able to change the regioselectivity of a BVMO by mutation of the active‐site residues to smaller amino acids, which thus created more space. In this study, we demonstrate that this method can also be used for other BVMO/substrate combinations. We investigated the regioselectivity of 2‐oxo‐Δ3‐4,5,5‐trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl‐CoA monooxygenase from Pseudomonas putida (OTEMO) for cis‐bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐one (1) and trans‐dihydrocarvone (2), and we were able to switch the regioselectivity of this enzyme for one of the substrate enantiomers. The OTEMO wild‐type enzyme converted (−)‐1 into an equal (50:50) mixture of the normal and abnormal products. The F255A/F443V variant produced 90 % of the normal product, whereas the W501V variant formed up to 98 % of the abnormal product. OTEMO F255A exclusively produced the normal lactone from (+)‐2, whereas the wild‐type enzyme was selective for the production of the abnormal product. The positions of these amino acids were equivalent to those mutated in the cyclohexanone monooxygenases from Arthrobacter sp. and Acinetobacter sp. (CHMOArthro and CHMOAcineto) to switch their regioselectivity towards (+)‐2, which suggests that there are hot spots in the active site of BVMOs that can be targeted with the aim to change the regioselectivity.