bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social marketing through a music festival
Authors: Jutbring Henrik 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine a social marketing initiative pursued by the privately owned Swedish music festival Way Out West during 2012-2014. This paper’s aim is to explore how events can support individual behaviour changes, and it seeks to assess the effects of Way Out West, as well as to understand what motivated visitors to change.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical lens of perceived consumer value (Holbrook, 1999) as the individual outcome of a social marketing exchange is used for the analysis. The paper uses a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods; a Web survey (n= 1757) monitors self-reported behaviour over time, and in-depth interviews are conducted with a handful visitors who reduced regular meat consumption.FindingsThe results of this paper suggest that the initiative was a strong inspiration for 15 per cent of the sample (corresponding to ca. 9,300 festival visitors who decreased their meat consumption 2012-2014). It was evident that these “Decreasers” perceived functional, emotional, social and altruistic value as outcomes of changed behaviour. The paper identifies and discusses links between the adoption of a new behaviour in the temporal non-ordinary setting of a music festival and the endurance of the behaviour in a mundane environment.Originality/valueThis paper examines self-perceived effects on behaviour that a private social marketing initiative had on consumers. The paper contributes by applying Holbrook’s (1999) theoretical framework of perceived consumer value to empirical context, by investigating hedonic aspects of social marketing consumption in the non-ordinary setting of a music festival. The paper discusses how a temporarily adopted behaviour continues to create value for consumers, when maintained in ordinary life.
Leaf hydraulic parameters are more plastic in species that experience a wider range of leaf water potentials
Authors: Johnson Daniel M. , Berry Z. Carter , Baker Kathryn V. , Smith Duncan D. , McCulloh Katherine A. , Domec Jean‐Christophe 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Many plant species experience large differences in soil moisture availability within a season, potentially leading to a wide range of leaf water potentials (ΨLEAF). In order to decrease the risk of leaf dehydration, among species, there is a continuum ranging from strict control (isohydry) to little control (anisohydry) of minimum ΨLEAF.

In central Texas USA, species are exposed to a range of soil moisture from wet springs to hot, dry summers. There are diverging water management strategies among the four dominant woody species in this system; two of these species are more isohydric (Prosopis glandulosa, Quercus fusiformis) while two others are more anisohydric (Diospyros texana, Juniperus asheii).

To maintain leaf turgor and photosynthesis during periods of limited soil moisture, anisohydric species may adjust leaf hydraulic parameters more than isohydric species. To test this hypothesis, we quantified iso/anisohydry from 3 years of ΨLEAF predawn and midday measurements, and we measured the changes in turgor loss points (ΨTLP), osmotic potential at full hydration (Ψπ100), and resistance to leaf hydraulic dysfunction (leaf P50) throughout the spring and summer of 2016.

Diospyros and Juniperus experienced more negative ΨLEAF and adjusted ΨTLP and Ψπ100 in response to both drying soils during the summer also in response to rainfall events during September. In contrast, the more isohydric species (Quercus and Prosopis) did not appear to adjust ΨTLP or Ψπ100 in response to soil moisture. The more anisohydric species also adjusted leaf P50 during periods of reduced soil moisture.

Our results suggest that species that experience wider ranges of ΨLEAF have a greater ability to alter leaf hydraulic properties. This provides insight on how species with different strategies for water potential regulation may modify properties to mitigate drought effects in the future.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Biological traits explain bryophyte species distributions and responses to forest fragmentation and climatic variation
Authors: Löbel Swantje , Mair Louise , Lönnell Niklas , Schröder Boris , Snäll Tord 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Forest ecosystems have been subjected to intensive exploitation, and on top of these land use‐driven habitat alterations, there is an ongoing and rapid climate change. Understanding why environmental responses differ across species and how differences are mediated by species’ traits is crucial for predicting the complex effects of global change on forest biodiversity.

We used (1) single‐species distribution models and (2) multispecies predictive fourth‐corner models of varying complexity to identify critical response traits of dead wood inhabiting bryophytes and to quantify species’ relationships with climatic and forest landscape variation. We hypothesized that reproductive and life‐history traits would be mainly linked with forest connectivity, whereas morphological traits would mostly relate to (micro‐)climatic variation.

The inferred trait–environment relationships based on the different fourth‐corner models were consistent. Unexpectedly, reproduction modes were more closely linked to climatic and habitat factors than to forest connectivity. Sexual reproduction was positively related to high temperatures and broadleaf trees, but negatively to high amounts of precipitation. The opposite was true for species which predominantly, or additionally, reproduce asexually. Bryophyte life‐forms were related to both habitat and climatic conditions. The positive relationship of shoot length with both high temperatures and high amounts of precipitation suggested that competitive exclusion is important in determining trailing edges of dead wood inhabiting bryophytes.

Synthesis. Differences in physiological tolerances obviously play a much greater role in shaping the distributional pattern of bryophyte species with different reproductive systems than previously thought. Evidence suggests that current geographic ranges were primarily determined by physiological tolerances and competitive abilities. Species’ relationships with forest connectivity were complex and determined by the combination of reproductive traits with other critical species’ properties. Given the different species’ relationships with climatic gradients, and the varying species’ dispersal and competitive capacities, we expect clear changes in metacommunity composition following climate change and an overall decrease in the diversity of dead wood inhabiting bryophytes in Sweden.
Shock and stabilisation following long‐term drought in tropical forest from 15 years of litterfall dynamics
Authors: Rowland Lucy , da Costa Antonio C. L. , Oliveira Alex A. R. , Almeida Samuel S. , Ferreira Leandro V. , Malhi Yadvinder , Metcalfe Dan B. , Mencuccini Maurizio , Grace John , Meir Patrick 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Litterfall dynamics in tropical forests are a good indicator of overall tropical forest function, indicative of carbon invested in both photosynthesising tissues and reproductive organs such as flowers and fruits. These dynamics are sensitive to changes in climate, such as drought, but little is known about the long‐term responses of tropical forest litterfall dynamics to extended drought stress.

We present a 15‐year dataset of litterfall (leaf, flower and fruit, and twigs) from the world's only long‐running drought experiment in tropical forest. This dataset comprises one of the longest published litterfall time series in natural forest, which allows the long‐term effects of drought on forest reproduction and canopy investment to be explored.

Over the first 4 years of the experiment, the experimental soil moisture deficit created only a small decline in total litterfall and leaf fall (12% and 13%, respectively), but a very strong initial decline in reproductive litterfall (flowers and fruits) of 54%. This loss of flowering and fruiting was accompanied by a de‐coupling of all litterfall patterns from seasonal climate variables. However, following >10 years of the experimental drought, flower and fruiting re‐stabilised at levels greater than in the control plot, despite high tree mortality in the drought plot. Litterfall relationships with atmospheric drivers were re‐established alongside a strong new apparent trade‐off between litterfall and tree growth.

Synthesis. We demonstrate that this tropical forest went through an initial shock response during the first 4 years of intense drought, where reproductive effort was arrested and seasonal litterfall patterns were lost. However, following >10 years of experimental drought, this system appears to be re‐stabilising at a new functional state where reproduction is substantially elevated on a per tree basis; and there is a new strong trade‐off between investment in canopy production and wood production.
Community‐level flammability declines over 25 years of plant invasion in grasslands
Authors: Padullés Cubino Josep , Buckley Hannah L. , Day Nicola J. , Pieper Robin , Curran Timothy J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Exotic plant invasions can alter fire regimes in plant communities. Invaders often possess traits that differ from native plants in the community, resulting in increases or declines in community‐level flammability, changing fire regimes and potentially causing long‐term modifications to plant community composition. Although considering traits of multiple invaders and native species together is useful to better understand how invasions change community‐level flammability, few studies have done this.

We measured morphological and flammability traits of 51 native and exotic plant species common in tussock grasslands in New Zealand's south‐eastern South Island to examine relationships between morphology and whole‐plant and shoot‐level flammability. Plant community data from 103 permanent transects in this region measured over a 25‐year period (c. 1982–2007) were used to determine how flammability changed with increasing levels of plant invasion.

Invasion by exotic plants has led to reduced community‐level flammability due to shifts from native tussock grasses with high flammability and high fuel loads to mat‐forming exotic forbs with low flammability and little fuel. These changes will likely lead to considerable alterations to the fire regime, resulting in lower intensity fires that burn more patchily and for shorter amounts of time, potentially causing further changes in floristic composition. We found considerable differences in flammability across the wide range of species and growth forms that we studied, emphasising the importance of quantifying species‐level flammability and the need to avoid treating grasslands as homogenous in terms of their flammability. Total biomass, leaf length and leaf area were the traits most positively correlated with flammability in these tussock grasslands.

Synthesis. We show how plant invasions over decadal time‐scales have reduced the community‐level flammability of tussock grasslands and, for the first time, demonstrate how this can be driven by exotic forbs. The total biomass of constituent species is a useful surrogate for community flammability across a wide range of species and growth forms in both temperate grasslands and savanna ecosystems and should be used in dynamic global vegetation models to assess how flammability varies under various global change scenarios.
Effect of commercial tannin and a pornunça (Manihot spp.) silage‐based diet on the fatty acid profile of Saanen goats’ milk
Authors: de Lucena Alita R F , Menezes Daniel R , de Carvalho Dalinne T Q , Matos Jair C , Antonelli Alexandre C , de Moraes Salete A , Dias Francesca Silva , Queiroz Mario A Á , Rodrigues Rafael T S 
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, milk composition, blood and urinary biochemical parameters and milk fatty acid profile of Saanen goats fed pornunça silage‐based diets containing different levels of tannin (11, 28, 36 and 44 g/kg dry matter). Intake of feed, milk production, milk composition and biochemical parameters were affected (P < 0.05). The content of 10:0, 12:0 and 14:0 fatty acids decreased, while those of 18:0, cis‐9 18:1, trans‐11 18:1, cis‐9, trans‐11 18:2 and cis‐9, cis‐12, cis‐15 18:3 increased as more tannin was added (P < 0.05). The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids increased, while the thrombogenicity and atherogenicity indices decreased as tannin was increased (P < 0.05). The inclusion of up to 28 g/kg of tannin was the most appropriate level to improve the fatty acid profiles of goats’ milk and prevent further falls in dry matter intake and milk production.
Best practice perioperative strategies and surgical techniques for preventing caesarean section surgical site infections: a systematic review of reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Martin EK , Beckmann MM , Barnsbee LN , Halton KA , Merollini KMD , Graves N 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) following caesarean section is a problem for women and health services. Caesarean section is a high volume procedure and the estimated incidence of SSI may be as high as 9%.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to identify a suite of perioperative strategies and surgical techniques that reduce the risk of SSI following caesarean section.Search strategySix electronic databases were searched to systematically review literature reviews, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published from 2006 to 2016. Search terms included: endometritis, SSI, caesarean section, meta‐analysis, review, systematic.Selection criteriaStudies were sought in which competing perioperative strategies and surgical techniques relevant for caesarean section were identified and quantifiable infection outcomes were reported. General infection control strategies were excluded.Data collection and analysisData on study characteristics and clinical effectiveness were extracted. Quality, including bias within individual studies, was examined using a modified A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist. Recommendations for SSI risk‐reducing strategies were developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Main resultsOf 466 records retrieved, 44 studies were selected for the evidence synthesis. Recommended strategies were: administer pre‐incision antibiotic prophylaxis, prepare the vagina with iodine‐povidone solution and spontaneous placenta removal.ConclusionsWe recommend clinicians implement pre‐incision antibiotic prophylaxis, vaginal preparation and spontaneous placenta removal as an infection control bundle for caesarean section.FundingQueensland University of Technology.Tweetable abstractInfection control for caesarean: pre‐incision AB prophylaxis, vaginal prep, spontaneous placenta removal.
Estimation of Chronological Age from Postmortem Tissues Based on Amino Acid Racemization
Authors: Tiplamaz Sıtkı , Gören Mehmet Zafer , Yurtsever Nurşen Turan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSkin and cartilage tissue specimens from 32 male and 13 female corpses aged between 17 and 50 years were collected within 24 h after the death. Each specimen was analyzed for the composition of dextro (D) and levo (L) forms of aspartate, glutamate, and alanine. Linear regression models were constructed using ln [(1 + D/L)/(1 − D/L] equation to define the relationship between the extent of racemization and the chronological age. Aspartate D/L rates from cartilage showed high correlation (r = 0.779, p < 0.001, n = 45). Aspartate D/L rates from skin showed very low correlation (r = 0.356, p < 0.002, n = 44). The multilinear regression model of both aspartate D/L rates of cartilage and skin tissues in 44 cases yielded a coefficient of r = 0.828 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, only racemization rate of Aspartate both in the skin and the cartilage tissues correlated with the chronological age. Our results may imply that the age can be estimated more precisely if two different tissue specimens are obtained from one corpse.
Review article: Sepsis in the emergency department – Part 2: Investigations and monitoring
Authors: Shetty Amith , Macdonald Stephen PJ , Keijzers Gerben , Williams Julian M , Tang Benjamin , de Groot Bas , Thompson Kelly , Fraser John F , Finfer Simon , Bellomo Rinaldo , Iredell Jonathan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSepsis is characterised by organ dysfunction resulting from infection, with no reliable single objective test and current diagnosis based on clinical features and results of investigations. In the ED, investigations may be conducted to diagnose infection as the cause of the presenting illness, identify the source, distinguish sepsis from uncomplicated infection (i.e. without organ dysfunction) and/ or risk stratification. Appropriate sample collection for microbiological testing remains key for subsequent confirmation of diagnosis and rationalisation of antimicrobials. Routine laboratory investigations such as creatinine, bilirubin, platelet count and lactate are now critical elements in the diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock. With no biomarker sufficiently validated to rule out bacterial infection in the ED, there remains substantial interest in biomarkers representing various pathogenic pathways. New technologies for screening multiple genes and proteins are identifying unique network ‘signatures’ of clinical interest. Other future directions include rapid detection of bacterial DNA in blood, genes for antibiotic resistance and EMR‐based computational biomarkers that collate multiple information sources. Reliable, cost‐effective tests, validated in the ED to promptly and accurately identify sepsis, and to guide initial antibiotic choices, are important goals of current research efforts.
Microbiological Quality and Safety of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables at Retail Levels in Korea
Authors: Tango Charles Nkufi , Wei Shuai , Khan Imran , Hussain Mohammad Shakhawat , Kounkeu Paul‐François Ngnitcho , Park Joong‐hyun , Kim Se‐hun , Oh Deog Hwan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and safety of fresh produce at retail level in Korea in order to periodically update information and establish available risks associated with consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. The samples from different markets located in 3 provinces of South Korea were collected. The protocol in the Korean Food Standards Codex was applied and generic Escherichia coli, coliforms, aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), and yeast and mold (YM) in 360 packaged and unpackaged fresh fruits and vegetables were analyzed. Presence of pathogens was examined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (q‐PCR) after enrichment of samples. For all, the microbial counts ranged from 1.7 to 10.6 log cfu/g for AMB, 2.2 to 7.9 log cfu/g for coliforms, and 5.5 to 7.9 log cfu/g for YM. Three lettuce samples were contaminated by E. coli with a bacterial load ranging from 2 to 4 log cfu/g. Salmonella spp. were not detected in any fresh produce. Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus were found in 1 (0.6%), 3 (0.8%), and 5 (1.4%) fresh produce samples, respectively. Bacillus cereus (50.3%) and Clostridium perfringens (13.3%) had the highest prevalence. These results indicate the need for employing strict control measures and developing preventive strategies to improve the quality and safety of fresh produce in Korea.
Hepatoprotective Effects of the Honey of Apis cerana Fabricius on Bromobenzene‐Induced Liver Damage in Mice
Authors: Zhao Haoan , Cheng Ni , He Liangliang , Peng Guoxia , Liu Qingqing , Ma Tianchen , Cao Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractApis cerana honey (honey of Apis cerana Fabricius), widely distributed in the mountain areas of East Asia, has not been studied fully. The hepatoprotective activity of A. cerana honey was evaluated against bromobenzene‐induced liver damage in mice. In high dose, A. cerana honey can significantly alleviate liver injury, as is indicated by the depressed levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (59.13%) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (79.71%), the inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) content (63.30%), the elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (73.12%) and glutathione‐Px (57.24%), and the decreased expression of Transforming growth factor β1 (51.83%) induced by bromobenzene (P < 0.05). The quantitative analysis of twelve major constituents (1 to 12) of A. cerana honey was executed by high performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector. The results indicate that treatment with A. cerana honey can prevent bromobenzene‐induced hepatic damage in mice. Polyphenols might be the bioactive substances attributed to its antioxidant properties and intervention of oxidative stress.
Moisture Adsorption Isotherm and Storability of Hazelnut Inshells and Kernels Produced in Oregon, USA
Authors: Jung Jooyeoun , Wang Wenjie , McGorrin Robert J. , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMoisture adsorption isotherms and storability of dried hazelnut inshells and kernels produced in Oregon were evaluated and compared among cultivars, including Barcelona, Yamhill, and Jefferson. Experimental moisture adsorption data fitted to Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) model, showing less hygroscopic properties in Yamhill than other cultivars of inshells and kernels due to lower content of carbohydrate and protein, but higher content of fat. The safe levels of moisture content (MC, dry basis) of dried inshells and kernels for reaching kernel water activity (aw) ≤0.65 were estimated using the GAB model as 11.3% and 5.0% for Barcelona, 9.4% and 4.2% for Yamhill, and 10.7% and 4.9% for Jefferson, respectively. Storage conditions (2 °C at 85% to 95% relative humidity [RH], 10 °C at 65% to 75% RH, and 27 °C at 35% to 45% RH), times (0, 4, 8, or 12 mo), and packaging methods (atmosphere vs. vacuum) affected MC, aw, bioactive compounds, lipid oxidation, and enzyme activity of dried hazelnut inshells or kernels. For inshells packaged at woven polypropylene bag, MC and aw of inshells and kernels (inside shells) increased at 2 and 10 °C, but decreased at 27 °C during storage. For kernels, lipid oxidation and polyphenol oxidase activity also increased with extended storage time (P < 0.05), and MC and aw of vacuum packaged samples were more stable during storage than those atmospherically packaged ones. Principal component analysis showed correlation of kernel qualities with storage condition, time, and packaging method. This study demonstrated that the ideal storage condition or packaging method varied among cultivars due to their different moisture adsorption and physicochemical and enzymatic stability during storage.Practical ApplicationMoisture adsorption isotherm of hazelnut inshells and kernels is useful for predicting the storability of nuts. This study found that water adsorption and storability varied among the different cultivars of nuts, in which Yamhill was less hygroscopic than Barcelona and Jefferson, thus more stable during storage. For ensuring food safety and quality of nuts during storage, each cultivar of kernels should be dried to a certain level of MC. Lipid oxidation and enzyme activity of kernel could be increased with extended storage time. Vacuum packaging was recommended to kernels for reducing moisture adsorption during storage.