bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematics, anxiety, and the brain
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed A. , Tindle Richard , Ansari Zaheda , Doyle Margery J. , Hewedi Doaa H. , Eissa Abeer 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Given that achievement in learning mathematics at school correlates with work and social achievements, it is important to understand the cognitive processes underlying abilities to learn mathematics efficiently as well as reasons underlying the occurrence of mathematics anxiety (i.e. feelings of tension and fear upon facing mathematical problems or numbers) among certain individuals. Over the last two decades, many studies have shown that learning mathematical and numerical concepts relies on many cognitive processes, including working memory, spatial skills, and linguistic abilities. In this review, we discuss the relationship between mathematical learning and cognitive processes as well as the neural substrates underlying successful mathematical learning and problem solving. More importantly, we also discuss the relationship between these cognitive processes, mathematics anxiety, and mathematics learning disabilities (dyscalculia). Our review shows that mathematical cognition relies on a complex brain network, and dysfunction to different segments of this network leads to varying manifestations of mathematical learning disabilities.
Phase formation and stability in TiO
x
and ZrO
x
thin films: Extremely sub-stoichiometric functional oxides for electrical and TCO applications
Authors: Henning Ralph A. , Leichtweiss Thomas , Dorow-Gerspach Daniel , Schmidt Rüdiger , Wolff Niklas , Schürmann Ulrich , Decker Yannic , Kienle Lorenz , Wuttig Matthias , Janek Jürgen 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Most functional materials are thermodynamic equilibrium phases representing minima in the thermodynamic phase space. However, it is expected that many metastable phases with highly interesting properties also exist. Here, we report on a systematic approach to prepare thin-films of such non-equilibrium phases based on the gas phase deposition methods sputtering and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Our synthetic strategy is to deposit a “precursor phase” which is amorphous or already a crystalline non-equilibrium phase. Subsequent heat treatment leads to the nucleation of crystalline phases which again may be metastable or stable compounds. In the present paper we focus on the binary systems Ti–O and Zr–O, both systems being widely applied and technologically relevant. Highly oxygen-deficient titanium oxide (TiO1.6) and zirconium oxide (ZrO) films prepared by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature are optically absorbing and possess electronic conductivities in the range of 10 S/cm. Both materials are metastable in respect to both composition and structure. For TiO1.6 we find an amorphous matrix with embedded grains of cubic titanium monoxide (γ-TiO) directly after deposition. Upon annealing nanocrystalline grains of metallic Ti are formed in the amorphous matrix due to an internal solid-state disproportionation whereas the electrical conductivity of the films increases and comes close to metal-like conductivity (1000 S/cm) at about 450 °C. Congruently, room temperature deposited ZrO films with an average composition of Zr:O= 1:1 contain small ZrO nanocrystals within an amorphous matrix. Heat treatment again leads to an internal disproportionation reaction whereas small crystals of Zr2O and ZrO2 precipitate at temperatures as low as 75 °C. Increasing the temperature then results in the crystallization of metastable tetragonal ZrO2 at about 400 °C. Sputter deposition allows a subtler control of the oxygen partial pressure. Slightly non-stoichiometric TiO2−x
films form a degenerate semiconductor with room temperature conductivities as high as 170 S/cm. Moreover, controlling both, the doping level and the vacancy concentration of these films allows to control the phase formation and the transition temperature between the rutile and anatase TiO2 polymorphs. Niobium doping of sputter deposited TiO2 can lead to films with very high electrical conductivities while maintaining a high optical transmittance demonstrating the potential of the material as an alternative transparent conducting oxide (TCO) with extraordinary properties.
Preparation and characterization of acrylic polymer titania hybrid. A study of organicinorganic interactions in hybrid materials by micro-hardness Vickers
Authors: Nguyen Van Nhan , Perrin François Xavier , Vernet Jean-Louis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMetal-oxide ceramer films have been developed using an acrylic polymer bearing a low amount of methacrylic acid units (ca. 4%mol) as the organic phase with titanium tetrabutoxide as the inorganic sol-gel precursor. The characterisation of free films was realized by various experimental methods. The formation of COOTi bonds prevents large scale phase separation between the organic component and the mineral network. Mechanical properties of the hybrid films have been investigated through dynamic mechanical analysis. The influence of the titania content on the damping peak amplitude suggests that titania is molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix and that it significantly hinders the segmental motion of the polymer chains. However, the low content in potential carboxylic crosslinking sites explains why the glass transition temperature remains relatively unchanged when titania content increases. Vickers microhardness measurements used in this study allowed us to understand the contribution of the inorganic part (phase TiO2) to the mechanical properties of the polymer. The creep of hybrids has been studied carrying out hardness measurements under various indentation times. The mineral constituent leads to an important increase of the hardness and limits, in a significant way, the creep of polymer.
Optimization of radical photopolymerization in hybrid sol-gel glasses: advantages of bicomponent photoactive systems
Authors: Soppera Olivier , Croutxé-Barghorn Céline , Carré Christiane 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUse of organosilanes as hybrid systems is of increasing importance for their promising applications in the optical field. Considerable attention has been paid to the study of the inorganic network. However, poor information concerning the organic part involved in the solgel process is available. This is yet a fundamental requirement for optical applications where homogeneity at molecular scale is essential. Taking into account the specificity of the sol-gel medium, characteristics of the organic part have to be adapted with the view of optimizing the properties of the final material. Hybrid material used in this study consisted of organosilane precursor with methacrylate functions, titanium isoproxide, methacrylic acid and photoinitiator. The polycondensation of the inorganic component was achieved sequentially and simultaneously with the photopolymerization of the organic one to provide a mutually interpenetrating network. Polymerization in the UV range presents the advantages of fast-curing at temperature compatible with fragile substrates and spatio-temporal selectivity of the reaction. Characteristics of the photopolymerization process taking place in hybrid sol-gel materials were investigated by UV and Real Time FTIR spectroscopy. Besides the study of the organic network, NMR investigations led information relative to the inorganic network formation during the sol maturation. The whole results provide insights into the optimization of the photochemical step. Indeed, it was demonstrated that titanium components added as passive components to increase the refractive index of the layer, can induce polymerization under a medium pressure mercury arc lamp irradiation. In addition, mix photoactive systems involving an organic photoinitiator and titanium components were investigated and led to a better efficiency for the photoinitiation. Final materials with higher conversion ratio of the methacrylate function and requiring shorter irradiation times were achieved.
Migration of Aluminum Atoms in the Transformation of γ–to θ–Alumina
Authors: Cai Shu-Hui , Sohlberg Karl 
Published: February 2017

Abstractγ– and θ–alumina are two metastable phases of aluminum oxide observed along the thermal dehydration sequence of boehmite before conversion to the final product α–alumina. The transformation from γ– to θ–alumina was studied by using Al16O24cells. Motion of some Al atoms from their γalumina positions to new positions and no O motions result in an approximate structure that, upon relaxation by first-principles calculations, becomes the known θ–alumina structure. Total-energy calculations along the paths of the atomic motions have been used to map out transformation pathways. The model accurately predicts experimentally observed domain boundaries in θ–alumina and the γ– to θ–alumina conversion rate.
Dynamics and Thermodynamics of a system with multiple length scales
Authors: Curtarolo Stefano , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDescriptions, in which matter can be coarse grained to arbitrary levels, are necessary to study materials phenomenal simultaneously at various length scales. Attempts to do this in the static regime have already been developed. In this work, we present an approach that leads to dynamics for such coarse-grained models. Renormalization group theory is used to create new local potentials between nodes. Assuming that these potentials give an averaged description of node dynamics, we calculate thermal, mechanical and transport properties. If this method can be sufficiently generalized it may form the basis of a Molecular Dynamics method with time and spatial coarse-graining.
Simulation of Polycrystalline Ceramics with Micro-Cracks
Authors: Cao Jianwu , Sakaida Yoshihisa , Nagano Yasuo , Kawamoto Hiroshi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe micro FEM model, which was considered in the middle bottom of a four-point bending macro FEM model, was constructed from a SEM micrograph of an Al2O3-10vol%ZrO2 ceramic, in which the crystallographic information was given to each grain randomly. One micro-crack was introduced in the micro FEM model as a basic case to simulate the four-point bending strength. The strength was determined by the average stress in a one-grain size distance from the crack tip. Two types of micro-cracks were introduced in the model as a second micro-crack, and the strength was compared with the basic case. For the case in which the second crack is parallel to the first crack and apart from the first crack in horizontal direction, the strength was increasing with the second crack closer to the first crack. For the case in which the second crack is parallel to the first crack but apart from the first crack in vertical direction, the strength was decreasing with the second crack closer to the first crack.
Effects of Triple Line Tension on the Surface Topography of Polycrystals
Authors: Hilden Jon L. , King Alexander H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA balance of surface energies exists where grain boundaries meet the surface of a flat solid specimen. The energy balance leads to grain boundary grooving on the surface, and the establishment of the equilibrium dihedral angle. Triple junctions are defined at the intersections of three grain boundaries. Surface grooves are typically observed to be the deepest at the triple junctions. In this work, a simple model is constructed of a polycrystalline thin film using Surface Evolver numerical software. The equilibrium sur face groove depths at triple junctions are investigated as a function of triple junction line tension. Results show that line tension can affect grain boundary groove depths for grain sizes less than ∼1μm.
Study the relationship between nasal polyps, platelet count, mean platelet volume, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients attending otolaryngology OPD in a tertiary care teaching hospital, West Bengal
Authors: Sharma Manuprita , Raman Santosh , Ray Bidhan , Bagga Rupali Verma , Sahu Ramesh Kumar , De Suajoy Kumar 
Published: February 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal obstruction is a common cause of marked nasal septal deviation. It is related strongly with hypoxia. Hypoxic conditions increase mean platelet volume levels. Many studies in literature point out that inflammation related to nasal polyp is mostly dependent on eosinophils and their inflammatory products. Beside eosinophils, platelets may have a role in nasal polyp development. Platelets are involved in hemostasis, tissue repairing and inflammation. Recently, mean platelet volume (MPV) was recognized as a simple inflammatory marker in the inflammatory disease<span lang="EN-IN">. </span>This study investigated the relationship of nasal polyps with MPV (mean platelet volume), platelet count and NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The cross-sectional observational study we investigated CBC (complete blood count) parameters of the patients that consulted ENT clinic in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Haldia because of nasal polyp. <span>About 76 patients and 42 controls were included in this study. In all groups, WBC (white blood cell count), RBC (red blood cell count), RDW (red cell distribution width), platelet count, MPV, PDW (platelet distribution width) and NLR parameters from CBC (complete blood count) were compared between patients and controls</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean WBC values were 6.89±1.33×103/μL in patients with NPs, vs. 7.11±2.32×103/μL in the control group. Mean haemoglobin (Hb) values were 13.19±1.34 g/dL in patients with NPs, vs. 14.1±1.67 g/dl in the control group. Mean MPV values were 9.11 ± 1.08 fL in patients with NPs, vs. 8.32±0.53 fL in the control group. Mean PLT values were 232.38 ± 39.97×103/μL in patients with NPs, vs. 271.44±45.14×103 in the control group. MPV was higher in nasal polyp patients, whereas platelet count was higher in controls. The difference was significant for the mean absolute neutrophil, platelet count, and lymphocyte counts, NLR, PDW and MPV values between the study group and the control group<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Platelet count and NLR were significantly lower in patients than the controls, whereas MPV was significantly higher in nasal polyp patients<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Citation-Based Benchmarks and Individual Accounting Faculty Research Rankings by Topical Area and Methodology
Authors: Nuttall Garrison , Snow Neal M. , Summers Scott L. , Wood David A. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
This paper provides citation rankings and benchmarking data for individual accounting researchers disaggregated by topic and methodological area and studies what factors increase citation totals. Based on Google Scholar data from 7,113 articles published in respected accounting journals, we find that citation totals differ significantly based on accounting topic area (accounting information systems, audit, financial, managerial, tax, other) and methodology (analytical, archival, experimental, other), suggesting the need to separately benchmark authors who publish in these groups. We also find that authors who have a broad collaboration network, graduated from a school that started a journal, are topic specialists, or publish with topic specialists have higher numbers of citations.
Data Availability: Most of the data are available on the website discussed in Appendix A. For easier-to-use extracts of the data, contact the authors.
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOMETRICAL STUDY ON DIFFERENT BREEDS OF PIGEON IN NORTHERN BANGLADESH
Authors: Parvez M. N. H. , Akter M. T. D. , Sarder M. J. U. 
Published: February 2017

The experiment was conducted to characterize different breeds of pigeon phenotypically and to study their body biometry, which are available in the northernBangladesh. During this study 30 farms were selected which have >20 pair of pigeons in the three study area namely Rajshahi, Natore and Pabna districts ofBangladesh. There about 15 breeds have been selected for the observation of phenotypic characteristics such as color of bill, eye, eyelid, skin, shank, toe, egg, head feather, neck feather, body feather, down feather, wing feather, tail feather and shape of bill, body and egg. The biometrical data were collected from the measurement of length of bill, head, body, shank, middle toe, wingspan and mature body weight. In this study the highest mean bill length was found 2.83±0.05cm in Strasser and lowest mean head length 5.00±0.00cm in Kormona, Nun and Jacobin. The highest mean body length was found 41.60±0.38cm in Strasser and lowest mean body length 30.00±0.43cm in Owl. The highest mean wingspan was found 81.00±0.51cm in Jacobin and lowest mean wingspan 60.45±0.76cm in kormona. The heighest mean shank length was found 3.40±0.13cm in Homer and lowest mean shank length 2.50±0.00cm in Giribug, Kormona, Nun, Satinette and Suachandan. The heighest mean middle toe length was found 4.40±0.05cm in pouter and lowest mean middle toe length 3.00±0.00cm in kormona. The heighest mean mature body weight was found 748.20±8.96gm in Strasser and lowest mean mature body weight 265.10±7.03gm in Giribug. Phenotypic correlation among bill length, head length, body length, wing span, shank length, middle toe length and mature body weight of these breeds of pigeon ranged from 0.233 to 0.789. The experiments result may contribute to breed up gradation, helps to formulate the conservation and improvement strategies for the breed as genetic resource.
Confirmation de la présence en France de Viola arvensis J. A. Murray subsp. megalantha Nauenb
Authors: Espeut Marc 
Published: February 2017

La découverte dans l'Auxois (Bourgogne, département de la Côte-d'Or) d'une population de Viola arvensis J. A. Murray à grandes fleurs, nous a fait suspecter l'existence d'une sous-espèce assez récemment décrite de ce taxon : Viola arvensis subsp. megalantha Nauenb., Unters, Variab. ûkol. Syst. Viola tricolor-Gruppe : 81 (1986).
L'analyse de sa diagnose et une étude morphologique fine de spécimens frais nous ont permis de confirmer la présence de ce taxon sur le territoire français.
Ce Viola est très proche du Viola arvensis subsp. arvensis par la couleur de ses fleurs de teinte générale blanc-jaunâtre et par son écologie : espèce annuelle rudérale. Elle s'en distingue principalement par la grandeur de ses corolles qui l'oriente, à l'inverse du type, vers une reproduction de type allogame.
Les botanistes français du XIXe siècle (Jordan et Boreau principalement) avaient déjà décrit des taxons qui pourraient s'apparenter à Viola arvensis subsp. megalantha. Une étude plus précise des spécimens d'herbier et des populations de ces anciens taxons permettrait de précier leurs affinités taxonomiques.
Notes de terrain sur quelques métiers et leur argot
Authors: Nahon Peter 
Published: February 2017

À partir d’enquêtes linguistiques récentes ayant mené à la découverte fortuite d’un argot de diamantaires parlé à Paris au XX e siècle et dont le lexique consiste essentiellement en emprunts au yidich, au néerlandais et au judéo-espagnol, cet article propose, après une description et une mise en perspective de cette variété, quelques réflexions sur les argots de métier : quels métiers donnent lieu à des argots de métiers ? Pourquoi n’en est-il pas dans tous les milieux socioprofessionnels ? À ces questions, nous répondrons par quelques cas d’espèce et, enfin, par un formulaire d’enquête proposé au (socio-)linguiste désireux d’entreprendre une collecte dans ce champ négligé.
Modeling 3-D permeability distribution in alluvial fans using facies architecture and geophysical acquisitions
Authors: Zhu Lin , Gong Huili , Dai Zhenxue , Guo Gaoxuan , Teatini Pietro 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Alluvial fans are highly heterogeneous in hydraulic properties due to complex depositional processes, which make it difficult to characterize the spatial distribution of the hydraulic conductivity (K). An original methodology is developed to identify the spatial statistical parameters (mean, variance, correlation range) of the hydraulic conductivity in a three-dimensional (3-D) setting by using geological and geophysical data. More specifically, a large number of inexpensive vertical electric soundings are integrated with a facies model developed from borehole lithologic data to simulate the log10(K) continuous distributions in multiple-zone heterogeneous alluvial megafans. The Chaobai River alluvial fan in the Beijing Plain, China, is used as an example to test the proposed approach. Due to the non-stationary property of the K distribution in the alluvial fan, a multiple-zone parameterization approach is applied to analyze the conductivity statistical properties of different hydrofacies in the various zones. The composite variance in each zone is computed to describe the evolution of the conductivity along the flow direction. Consistently with the scales of the sedimentary transport energy, the results show that conductivity variances of fine sand, medium-coarse sand, and gravel decrease from the upper (zone 1) to the lower (zone 3) portion along the flow direction. In zone 1, sediments were moved by higher-energy flooding, which induces poor sorting and larger conductivity variances. The composite variance confirms this feature with statistically different facies from zone 1 to zone 3. The results of this study provide insights to improve our understanding on conductivity heterogeneity and a method for characterizing the spatial distribution of K in alluvial fans.
A two‐step model for dynamical dike propagation in two dimensions: Application to the July 2001 Etna eruption
Authors: Pinel V. , Carrara A. , Maccaferri F. , Rivalta E. , Corbi F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe developed a hybrid numerical model of dike propagation in two dimensions solving both for the magma trajectory and velocity as a function of the source overpressure, the magma physical properties (density and viscosity), and the crustal density and stress field. This model is used to characterize the influence of surface load changes on magma migration toward the surface. We confirm that surface loading induced by volcanic edifice construction tends both to attract the magma and to reduce its velocity. In contrast, surface unloading, for instance, due to caldera formation, tends to divert the magma to the periphery‐retarding eruption. In both cases the deflected magma may remain trapped at depth. Amplitudes of dike deflection and magma velocity variation depend on the ratio between the magma driving pressure (source overpressure as well as buoyancy) and the stress field perturbation. Our model is then applied to the July 2001 eruption of Etna, where the final dike deflection had been previously interpreted as due to the topographic load. We show that the velocity decrease observed during the last stage of the propagation can also be attributed to the local stress field. We use the dike propagation duration to estimate the magma overpressure at the dike bottom to be less than 4 MPa. This approach can be potentially used to forecast if, where, and when propagating magma might reach the surface when having knowledge on the local stress field, magma physical properties, and reservoir overpressure.