bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Substance Abuse among Elective Surgical Inpatients in Teaching Hospitals in Kerman, Iran
Authors: Sepehri Gholamreza , Khaksari Mohammad , Vafadar Sara , Satari Hossein 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Opioid abuse prior to hospitalization in patients undergoing surgical procedures is associated with challenges in pain management, determining anesthetic dose, and providing nursing care. This study aimed to evaluate opioid abuse/dependence in hospitalized patients undergoing major elective surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 1000 patients who were candidates for major elective surgery were assessed for demographic characteristics, perioperative and postoperative pain management, type and route of opioid abuse, and the current use of other abused substances.

Results:
Substance abuse was observed in 34% of surgical inpatients. The mean duration of substance abuse was 4.3 ± 1.9 years. Opioids were the most frequently abused substances (67.9%), followed by naswar (16.4%) and marijuana (8.5%). The inhalation route (60%) was the most common route for opioid use, followed by injection (29.4%) and oral route (10.6%). The prevalence of opioid abuse in females (54.6%) was significantly higher than males (45.4%), (P = 0.032, odd ratio =1.18, 95% CI = 1.03 -1.42). Low education level was associated with a higher rate of substance abuse (P = 0.042, Odd ratio=1.39, 95% CI = 1.14 -1.64), but there was no significant correlation between sex, education level, and substance abuse type. Overall, opioid abuse and dependence were associated with at least a 30% increase in the need for opioid analgesics to relieve postoperative pain. No opioid withdrawal signs were recorded in opioid-abusing patients.

Conclusion:
The results showed substance/drug abuse in more than one-third of surgical inpatients (34%) and a higher rate of drug abuse in women, which was an unexpected finding. Opioid abuse was significantly associated with education level. Opioid-dependent patients received higher doses of opioids during postoperative periods. Since opioid abuse can affect both preoperative and postoperative surgical and nursing health professionals, especially nurses, need continued medical education and professional support in caring for these individuals.
The Therapeutic Effect of Methanolic Extract Bryonia dioica Jacq. in a Female Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Tahvilian Reza , Gravandi Mohammad Mehdi , Noori Tayebeh , Papzan Abdulhamid , Jamshidi Nasim , Iranpanah Amin , Moradi Afsaneh , Shirooie Samira 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases that affects 5%–10% of women of childbearing age. Several factors contribute to the development of PCOS such as dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis and ovarian function, as well as increased insulin levels. The manifestations of the disorder include a wide range of symptoms, including menstrual disorders, acne, infertility, and increased body fat. Currently, the most well-known treatments for PCOS are clomiphene, metformin, letrozole, and tamoxifen. Due to their side effects, the identification of substitute drugs is essential. One of the traditional medicines, which is usually used in different parts of the world, particularly in Western Europe, is Bryonia dioica Jacq. (B. dioica). This plant is used in the treatment of disease due to its active ingredients like polyphenols.

Materials and Methods:
Induction PCOS in a female rat (3 weeks old) was performed through subcutaneous injection of testosterone enanthate (1 mg/100g) daily for 35 days. The effects of B. dioica (30 and 60 mg/kg) root methanolic extract on PCOS-induced was evaluated after 28-day treatment. On the last day, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), glucose, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone and histological studies (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] staining) were measured.

Results:
Results showed that FSH and LH levels (P < 0.05) as well as glucose (P < 0.001) in the B. dioica groups normalized significantly compared to the PCOS group. LDL levels decreased in rats and the LDL/HDL ratio decreased in all treatment groups. In histologic assay, metformin and B. dioica restricted the effects of testosterone in the ovaries of rats.

Conclusion:
The data indicate that methanolic extract of B. dioica recovers hormonal factors in PCOS.
Active Fractions of Dichloromethane Extract of Artemisia turanica Inhibit Proliferation of HeLa and KB Cell Lines Via Apoptosis Induction
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Leila , Mojarrab Mahdi , Hajmomeni Pouria , Hajialiani Marzieh 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Artemisia is an important genus of Iranian flora. The current study on the aerial parts of A. turanica was conducted to determine the most potent extract and its fractions in the cytotoxic assays.

Materials and Methods:
The cytotoxic effects of 13 fractions (1–13) from dichloromethane extract on three cancer cell lines (KB, HeLa, and U87MG) were assessed. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of more potent cytotoxic fractions was carried out using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and different spray reagents.

Results:
Dichloromethane extract showed the best bioactivity against cancerous cell lines. Fractions 4, 6, 7, and 9 of this extract had potential effective components in the inhibition of the proliferation of KB cancer cells. In addition, fractions 4 and 6 were able to inhibit the growth of HeLa cell line. The active fractions decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential level, and played a critical role in caspase-3 and 9 activation and generation of reactive oxygen species. The cytotoxic activity of these fractions was found to be not significant toward U87MG cells. TLC analysis suggested the probable presence of terpenoids as the main component of most of the selected fractions.

Conclusion:
The species is suggested as the potential source of cytotoxic phytochemicals.
Wound-related Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Wounds in a Metropolitan City in Nigeria: An Analytic Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Olawoye Olayinka Adebanji , Isamah Chinsunum Peace , Ademola Samuel Adesina , Iyun Ayodele Olukayode , Michael Afieharo Igbibia , Aderibigbe Rotimi Opeyemi , Oluwatosin Odunayo Moronfoluwa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
The prevalence of chronic wounds is expected to rise with the increasing elderly population in the society. This rise in prevalence of chronic wounds comes with its consequences such as wound pain and interference with activities of daily living. There’s a paucity of data on the impact of chronic wounds in our clime.

Objective:
This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of wound-related pain and the impact of wound-related pain on the quality of life of patients with chronic wounds.

Materials and Methods:
This was an analytic cross-sectional study of consecutive patients presenting with chronic wounds in plastic surgery clinic in a metropolitan city in Nigeria using the brief pain inventory-short form.

Result:
About 371 patients were seen, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. The mean age was 37.1 ± 15.5 years. Most chronic wounds (72.2%) occurred in the lower limbs. Nearly all patients (92.9%) experienced wound pain, with a correlation between wound location and pain severity, P = 0.000. Over 50% of the patients had low wound-related quality of life. Enjoyment of life, general activity, and walking were the domains with high interference. Wound pain (P = 0.000) and wound location (P = 0.001) are significant determinants of poor wound-related quality of life.

Conclusion:
Patients with chronic wounds have a high prevalence of wound-related pain and low wound-related quality of life.
Face to Face versus Virtual Assessment - A Survey On Indian Medical Students' Perception During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ghosh Anasuya , Sarkar Satabdi , Ray Biswabina , Sarkar Arpita , Dasgupta Anirban 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Assessment has a very important role in curricular development by motivating students and target setting, providing appropriate feedback and quality assurance. During COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown, most of the medical schools throughout the world including India had to undergo a paradigm shift from face to face to online mode in medical education and assessment. This study was planned to assess and analyze the perception and opinion of 1st-year medical students from all over the country regarding the online assessment (OA) process that emerged during the COVID 19 pandemic. We also tried to find out the preferred resources that the students wanted to access via online mode and any major hindrance they faced.

Methodology:
It was a cross-sectional, Internet based, online survey conducted on 1st year medical students from all over India.

Result:
Students preferred the traditional (face to face) examinations over the OA in terms of usefulness, motivation, answering long answer questions, adequacy of allotted time, and ease of performance. However, they favored OA in terms of examination anxiety, examiner bias, and answering the objective type of questions. The lack of good Internet connectivity was considered a major hindrance.

Conclusion:
This information might be helpful for respective authorities to establish an effective online platform which could deliver an authentic and valid OA in future during any crisis.
Measurement of Metric and Nonmetric Parameters for Determining the Gender of the Human Mandible
Authors: Kumar Anil , Klinkhachorn Penprapa S. , Mohammed Ciraj Ali 
Published: September 2024

Background:
In humans, the mandible is the longest, densest, and most robust facial bone. It displays a high degree of phenotypic variation between sexes and is resistant to postmortem trauma. Measures of male and female mandibles were quantified in this study along with nonmetric and metric parameters to determine the gender.

Methodology:
In this retrospective observational study, 96 mandibles (55 males and 41 females) were evaluated for gender through the measurement of 15 metric and 5 nonmetric parameters.

Results:
A significant correlation between nonmetric variables of the squared chin (85.54%), prominent muscle markings (74.54%), everted gonial flares (94.54%), and triangular coronoid processes (81.81%) was found. Females, by contrast, tended to have a rounded chin (68.49%), a less prominent muscle marking (53.6%), an inverted gonial flare (95.54%), and a hooked shape coronoid process (80.48%). All metric mandible parameters were determined, evaluated, and statistically analyzed in SPSS to determine whether gender had a relationship with the mandibles.

Conclusion:
Various metric and nonmetric criteria, in addition to existing methods, can be used to determine the gender of a person's mandible.
Role of 4-Methylimidazole in Liver Toxicity
Authors: Yadav Suman , Kalra Sunita , Wadhwa Surbhi , Rani Pooja 
Published: September 2024

Background:
These days, food products industry involves the commercial production and addition of food colors, which comprises many food dyes, including caramel colors. 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) is a component of various caramel-colored food products such as bakery, beer, soft drinks, coffee and sauces, which are consumed daily. The most common route of exposure is ingestion and liver is the organ of detoxification. The histomorphometric observations in liver after 4-MEI consumption have not been reported to the best of our knowledge and so the present study have been designed to evaluate the same.

Methodology:
Adult male Wistar albino rats weighing 150–200 g were procured for the study and divided into the control and experimental groups. The experimental animals were given 4-MEI orally by gavage tube at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight daily for 1 month, while the control animals received distilled water. At the end of experiment, all the animals were euthanized under ether anesthesia by perfusion with Formal saline. Dissection and histopathological processing of liver was done for the examination.

Results:
The histomorphometric observations of the liver in experimental rats revealed a significant increase in sinusoidal width indicative of sinusoidal dilatation and congestion. There was a significant increase in the size of hepatocytes while a decrease in the size of their nuclei was noted, suggestive of ballooning degeneration.

Conclusion:
The findings in the present study strongly suggest hepatocellular damage caused by ingestion of 4-MEI found in caramel color dyes used routinely in the food industry.
Attainment of Indian Medical Graduate (IMG) Roles Through the Curriculum
Authors: Gugapriya T. S. , Banarjee Sithikantha , Girish Meenakshi , Damke Sachin , Bhattad Shital 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Graduate Medical Education Regulations 1997 and “Vision 2015” documents were the steps toward training a skilled and competent Indian Medical Graduate (IMG). To implement the changes in the curriculum and to achieve the IMG goal, a nation-wide faculty development program was started by the Medical Council of India in 2009. Even before the introduction of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) in 2019, the Indian medical curriculum imbibed and trained the Graduates in competencies relevant for an IMG. This research was to attempt to understand the stakeholder perspective of the contribution of the curriculum in attaining the IMG roles prior to 2019.

Methodology:
The present multicentric study was carried out among 450 interns belonging to batch 2018 in the state of Maharashtra. A self-administrated, online, structured questionnaire containing 27 items based on IMG roles was used as the study instrument. Descriptive analysis was performed to arrive at the perception of stakeholders.

Results:
Analysis of self-rating of the competency for IMG roles showed a 30.7% for the “leader and as a team member role”. A detailed analysis noted that the majority of the participants lacked confidence in the role of the “medical expert.” Competency in the psychomotor domain gained maximum self-rating in comparison to the affective domain. The overall rating about their undergraduate training toward five IMG roles had an unsatisfactory score of 56.3% for the “lifelong learner” role.

Conclusion:
The study highlighted the stakeholder perspective about curriculum equipping them in developing “leader and a team member” while failing with “lifelong learner” IMG role. The study also emphasized that the attitudinal domain needs addressing by the CBME curriculum.
ChatGPT (AI) Integration in Teaching and Learning: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Oranga Josephine , Matere Audrey , Ndaita Justina 
Published: September 2024

As studies about artificial intelligence (AI) in the education sector increase, some scholars believe that teachers’ roles in instruction-delivery may change drastically. This conceptual paper, thus, sets out to establish the role, benefits and challenges that are associated with the utilisation of ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) in learning. Ultimately, this analysis reveals that while generally ChatGPT has benefits, it has a number of drawbacks too. Consequently, the advantages and benefits of ChatGPT in learning as discussed in this chapter include: provision of instant feedback, audio-language tutoring, offers interactive learning, helps brainstorm ideas on new topics, enables automatic test-grading, offers personalised tutoring and provides lesson-preparation assistance to educators. On the other hand, the drawbacks of ChatGPT include: integrity and ethical issues, interferes with students’ development of core-competencies/skills, leads to over-reliance on AI, generation of inaccurate information and unfair assessment of learning/ learners. It is thus, recommended that instructors and teachers supervise the integration of ChatGPT in learning environments and guide learners on how and when to utilize the programme. Accordingly, proper acknowledgement should be an integral part of ChatGPT utilisation in learning and research.
Immunohistochemistry in Cancer Diagnosis: A Review
Authors: Gamde Solomon Matthias , Francis Love , Adisa James O 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Immunohistochemistry in cancer diagnosis holds great potential to improve patient’s outcomes through enhanced diagnostic accuracy and more effective treatment strategies. Antigen-antibody interactions is one of its main objectives that utilizes the specific binding of antibodies to cellular antigens allowing for the precise identification and localization of specific proteins within tissue samples. However, there exist practical hitches in the form of tissue fixation, epitope retrieval, and antibody quality. It is crucial to continue streamlining the techniques and scoring systems to guarantee their reliability in various contexts. Understanding the interactions is pivotal for the accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and future perspectives. As technology continues to advance and our understanding of cancer biology deepens, immunohistochemistry will remain an invaluable tool for precision in cancer diagnosis.
Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Among Orphan and Non-Orphan Adolescents in a Rural Residential School of Maharashtra
Authors: Pathan Zameer Habeeb , Shaikh Mubashara Mahetabsab , Qureshi Sadeq Mazhar , Syed Abdul Wahab Abdul Aziz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Adolescence marks a critical stage of development characterized by profound physical, emotional, and social changes. This study explores the prevalence of anxiety and depression among orphan and non-orphan adolescents in a rural residential school setting, aiming to identify associated factors. Method: A community-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 adolescents (50 orphans and 50 non-orphans) aged 10-19 years in Warudi, Jalna from August 10 to October 10, 2022. Institutional ethical approval and written informed consent were obtained. Data collection included DSM-5 criteria for anxiety and depression assessment, using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Additional parameters assessed were sleep disturbances, academic performance, social interactions, duration of stay in the residential school, and type of orphanhood. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21, with qualitative parameters presented as percentages and the chi-square test used for comparisons (p<0.05 considered significant). Result: The study revealed notable disparities in mental health outcomes between orphan and non-orphan adolescents. Orphans, predominantly categorized as double orphans (54%), exhibited higher prevalence rates of anxiety (46%) and depression (30%) compared to non-orphans (anxiety 14%, depression 12%). Factors such as prolonged stays in residential schools and the duration of orphanhood were significantly associated with heightened levels of anxiety and depression among orphans. Conclusion: Orphan adolescents residing in rural residential school face significantly elevated risks of anxiety and depression compared to their non-orphan peers. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted psychological support and interventions tailored to the unique challenges of orphanhood, including the prolonged institutional care and the emotional impact of parental loss. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess the effectiveness of interventions and track mental health trajectories over time.
Helicobacter Pylori and Metaplastic Changes in Chronic Cholecystitis: A Correlation Study
Authors: Alam Rabiul , Sarkar Swapan Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Subhasish , Chakrabarti Sudipta , Ghosh Suman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Various types of metaplastic changes, such as gastric metaplasia (foveolar type or antral type) and intestinal metaplasia, are observed in chronic cholecystitis but not in normal mucosa. Helicobacter species can be detected in the bile and gallbladder tissue of patients with benign gallbladder disease. Objective: The present study aimed to observe the correlation between chronic cholecystitis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori as well as the different types of metaplastic changes in gallbladder mucosa. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, observational study was conducted at the Departments of Pathology and Surgery at a tertiary care medical college and hospital from April 2021 to March 2022, using a cross-sectional design. All confirmed cases of chronic cholecystitis, with or without cholelithiasis, were included in the study. Results: Intestinal metaplasia was the most common type of metaplastic change in the gallbladder epithelium in chronic cholecystitis in this region. PAS and Alcian Blue positivity were significantly higher in cases with metaplasia compared to those without metaplasia. H. pylori was detected in 3 cases (1.55%) of chronic cholecystitis in this study population. Conclusion: Mucin histochemistry may help identify early metaplastic changes in gallbladder epithelium. The use of a combination of methods for the detection of H. pylori in gallbladder tissue may increase the detection of positive cases.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ NGUYÊN NHÂN SUY GAN CẤP Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐƯỢC ĐIỀU TRỊ THAY HUYẾT TƯƠNG TẠI KHOA HỒI SỨC TÍCH CỰC - BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ
Authors: Nguyễn Thế Anh , Nguyễn Tiến Dũng , Lê Ngọc Hà , Tô Hoàng Dương 
Published: September 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và nguyên nhân suy gan cấp ở bệnh nhân được điểu trị thay huyết tương tại khoa Hồi sức tích cực. Đối tượng: Các bệnh nhân suy gan cấp điều trị tại khoa Hồi sức tích cực – Bệnh viện Hữu Nghị; từ 1/2019 đến tháng 10/2023. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: tiến cứu, mô tả. Kết quả: tuổi trung bình 76.0; tỷ lệ nam giới 81.5%; bệnh nhân có 55.6% suy đa tạng; 33.3% giảm tiểu cầu; 14.9% rối loạn động máu nặng; men gan tăng, bilirubin toàn phần trung bình 273.4 ± 57.2mmol/l, 51.9% hội chứng gan thận. Nguyên nhân gây suy gan cấp: 51% do ngộ độc, 26% do viêm gan vi rút. Kết luận: Nhóm bệnh nhân cao tuổi, chủ yếu giới nam, hôn mê gan từ độ 2 trở lên, đa phần có tình trạng suy đa tạng, men gan và bilirubin tăng cao, rối loạn đông máu. Nguyên nhân chủ yếu là ngộ độc cấp.
ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ THAY HUYẾT TƯƠNG TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ SUY GAN CẤP TẠI KHOA HỒI SỨC BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ
Authors: Tô Hoàng Dương , Phạm Tiến Dũng , Lê Ngọc Hà , Nguyễn Thế Anh 
Published: September 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả và một số biến chứng thường gặp của phương pháp thay huyết tương trong điều trị suy gan cấp tại khoa Hồi sức tích cực. Đối tượng: Các bệnh nhân suy gan cấp điều trị tại khoa Hồi sức tích cực – Bệnh viện Hữu Nghị; từ 1/2019 đến tháng 10/2023. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: tiến cứu, can thiệp. Kết quả: số lần thay huyết tương trung bình 3.2 ± 1.7 lần; sau điều trị thay huyết tương, bệnh nhân cải thiện tình trạng hôn mê gan, suy đa tạng, các chỉ số đông máu, Bilirubin, NH3 và men gan. thời gian điều trị trung bình là 13.7 ngày; tỷ lệ tử vong chung là 33.3%, trong đó: 100% là bệnh nhân hôn mê gan độ 4; 40% là hôn mê gan độ 3 và 7.7% là bệnh nhân hôn mê gan độ 2. Các biến chứng thường gặp là: phản vệ độ 1,2; rối loạn điện giải, giảm tiểu cầu, chảy máu hay biến chứng tại catheter chiếm từ 1 – 3.1%. Kết luận: Phương pháp thay huyết tương cải thiện tình trạng hôn mê gan, suy đa tạng; cải thiện được chức năng gan và ít các biến chứng nặng.