bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What impact does nursing care left undone have on patient outcomes? Review of the literature
Authors: Recio‐Saucedo Alejandra , Dall'Ora Chiara , Maruotti Antonello , Ball Jane , Briggs Jim , Meredith Paul , Redfern Oliver C , Kovacs Caroline , Prytherch David , Smith Gary B , Griffiths Peter 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesSystematic review of the impact of missed nursing care on outcomes in adults, on acute hospital wards and in nursing homes.BackgroundA considerable body of evidence supports the hypothesis that lower levels of registered nurses on duty increase the likelihood of patients dying on hospital wards, and the risk of many aspects of care being either delayed or left undone (missed). However, the direct consequence of missed care remains unclear.DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe searched Medline (via Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost) and Scopus for studies examining the association of missed nursing care and at least one patient outcome. Studies regarding registered nurses, healthcare assistants/support workers/nurses’ aides were retained. Only adult settings were included. Because of the nature of the review, qualitative studies, editorials, letters and commentaries were excluded. PRISMA guidelines were followed in reporting the review.ResultsFourteen studies reported associations between missed care and patient outcomes. Some studies were secondary analyses of a large parent study. Most of the studies used nurse or patient reports to capture outcomes, with some using administrative data. Four studies found significantly decreased patient satisfaction associated with missed care. Seven studies reported associations with one or more patient outcomes including medication errors, urinary tract infections, patient falls, pressure ulcers, critical incidents, quality of care and patient readmissions. Three studies investigated whether there was a link between missed care and mortality and from these results no clear associations emerged.ConclusionsThe review shows the modest evidence base of studies exploring missed care and patient outcomes generated mostly from nurse and patient self‐reported data. To support the assertion that nurse staffing levels and skill mix are associated with adverse outcomes as a result of missed care, more research that uses objective staffing and outcome measures is required.Relevance to clinical practiceAlthough nurses may exercise judgements in rationing care in the face of pressure, there are nonetheless adverse consequences for patients (ranging from poor experience of care to increased risk of infection, readmissions and complications due to critical incidents from undetected physiological deterioration). Hospitals should pay attention to nurses’ reports of missed care and consider routine monitoring as a quality and safety indicator.
Oral appliances for managing sleep bruxism in adults: a systematic review from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Jokubauskas L. , Baltrušaitytė A. , Pileičikienė G. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe review focuses on the last decade of research regarding the use of various oral appliances (OAs) in the management of sleep bruxism (SB) in adults. Sixteen (n = 16) papers of 641 identified citations involving 398 participants were included in the review. Of them, seven were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), seven were uncontrolled before–after studies and two were crossover trials. Analysis of the included articles revealed a high variability of study designs and findings. Generally, the risk of bias was low‐to‐unclear for RCTs and high for crossover studies, whilst the before–after studies exhibited several structural limitations. Nine studies used polysomnography/polygraphy/electromyography for SB diagnosis, whilst others were based on history taking and clinical examination. Most of them featured small samples and were short term. Of the studies using objective SB evaluations, eight showed positive results for almost every type of OA in reducing SB activity, with a higher decrease for devices that are designed to provide a certain extent of mandibular advancement. Among the studies using a subjective SB evaluation, one demonstrated a significant reduction in SB activity, and additional two showed a myorelaxant effect of OA in SB patients. Although many positive studies support the efficiency of OA treatment for SB, accepted evidence is insufficient to support its role in the long‐term reduction of SB activity. Further studies with larger samples and sufficient treatment periods are needed to obtain more acknowledgements for clinical application.
Histology with immunohistochemistry of the fistula region in female anorectal malformation: Can it be used for neo‐anus reconstruction?
Authors: Pandey Anand , Pandey Pinky , Singh Shailendra P , Agarwal Savita , Gupta Vipin , Verma Rajesh 
Published: August 2017

AimFemale anorectal malformation is characterised by communication to the exterior by a fistula. There are conflicting reports of the presence of normal anus in the fistula region. This study was undertaken to assess the histopathology and immunohistochemical correlation of the terminal portion of the fistula in female patients and suitability of fistula incorporation in the reconstruction of the neo‐anus.MethodsThis prospective study included 13 patients of female anorectal malformation. Of these, seven had a vestibular fistula (VF), and the rest had an anterior ectopic anus (AEA). Histopathology of the fistula region was undertaken, along with immunohistochemistry. Various findings were evaluated.ResultsOf seven VF patients, four showed atrophic or disrupted internal sphincter smooth muscle, whereas the remaining three showed hypertropic internal sphincteric smooth muscle. Six patients showed hypertrophic nerve bundle. Five VF patients showed subepithelial fibrosis, and none of them showed ganglion cells. Of six patients of AEA, internal sphincteric smooth muscle was normal in five. It was hypertrophic in one patient. Transitional epithelium was present in four patients. All patients showed hypertrophic nerve bundle and aganglionosis. Subepithelial fibrosis was observed in six patients.ConclusionThe fistula region in VF and AEA patients appears to be an abnormal structure. Rather than preservation of the terminal fistulous region, resection followed by anoplasty may be a viable option.
Linear and Linguistic Syntax in Brahms's O Kühler Wald, Op. 72 No. 3
Authors: SNARRENBERG ROBERT 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis essay explores the interplay between states of syntactic completion and incompletion in the text and music of Brahms's O kühler Wald and how the composer thereby conveys an interpretation of the poetic text to create an experience for the listener that bears a striking resemblance to the experience of the poem's lovelorn persona.
Revealing potential bridge vectors forBTVandSBV: a study onCulicoidesblood feeding preferences in natural ecosystems inSpain
Authors: TALAVERA S. , MUÑOZ‐MUÑOZ F. , VERDÚN M. , PUJOL N. , PAGÈS N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSeveral species ofCulicoides(Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of pathogens, such as the bluetongue (BTV) andSchmallenberg (SBV) viruses, which cause important diseases in domestic and wild ruminants. As wild ruminants can contribute to overwintering and epizootics of both diseases, knowledge of the host‐feeding behaviour ofCulicoidesin natural ecosystems is important to better understand their epidemiology. Blood‐engorgedCulicoidesfemales trapped in natural areas inhabited by different wild ruminant species were genetically analysed to identify host species. The origin of bloodmeals was identified in 114 females of 14 species ofCulicoides. A total of 104 (91.1%)Culicoidesfed on mammals and 10 (8.9%) on birds. The most abundant host identified was red deer (66.7%), followed by humans (13%) and fallow deer (6.1%). Eleven of the 14 species ofCulicoidesfed exclusively on mammalian hosts. Among them, five are mammalophilic species considered to be importantBTVand/orSBVvectors. The results of the present study confirm thatCulicoides imicola,Culicoides obsoletus,Culicoides scoticus,Culicoides pulicarisandCulicoides punctatusfed on wild ruminants, and therefore support the hypothesis that these species can act as bridge vectors by facilitating the circulation of pathogens between wild and domestic ruminant communities.
MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans
Authors: Khalaf A. , Hoad C. L. , Menys A. , Nowak A. , Taylor S. A. , Paparo S. , Lingaya M. , Falcone Y. , Singh G. , Spiller R. C. , Gowland P. A. , Marciani L. , Moran G. W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundFeeding triggers inter‐related gastrointestinal (GI) motor, peptide and appetite responses. These are rarely studied together due to methodological limitations. Recent MRI advances allow pan‐intestinal, non‐invasive assessment of motility in the undisturbed gut.This study aimed to develop a methodology to assess pan‐intestinal motility and transit in a single session using MRI and compare imaging findings to GI peptide responses to a test meal and symptoms in a healthy volunteer cohort.MethodsFifteen healthy volunteers (29.3±2.7 years and BMI 20.1±1.2 kg m−2) underwent baseline and postprandial MRI scans, symptom questionnaires, and blood sampling (for subsequent GI peptide analysis, Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 [GLP‐1], Polypeptide YY [PYY], Cholecystokinin [CCK]) at intervals for 270 minutes following a 400 g soup meal (204 kcal, Heinz, UK). Gastric volume, gall bladder volume, small bowel water content, small bowel motility, and whole gut transit were measured from the MRI scans.Key Results(mean±SEM) Small bowel motility index increased from fasting 39±3 arbitrary units (a.u.) to a maximum of 87±7 a.u. immediately after feeding. PYY increased from fasting 98±10 pg mL−1 to 149±14 pg mL−1 at 30 minutes and GLP‐1 from fasting 15±3 μg mL−1 to 22±4 μg mL−1. CCK increased from fasting 0.40±0.06 pmol mL−1 to 0.94±0.1 pmol mL−1. Gastric volumes declined with a T1/2 of 46±5 minute and the gallbladder contracted from a fasting volume of 19±2 mL−1 to 12±2 mL−1. Small bowel water content increased from 39±2 mL−1 to 51±2 mL−1 postprandial. Fullness VAS score increased from 9±5 mm to 41±6 mm at 30 minutes postprandial.Conclusions and InferencesThe test meal challenge was effective in inducing a change in MRI motility end‐points which will improve understanding of the pathophysiological postprandial GI response.
Regulation of claudin‐4 via p63 in human epithelial cells
Authors: Kojima Takashi , Kohno Takayuki , Kubo Terufumi , Kaneko Yakuto , Kakuki Takuya , Kakiuchi Akito , Kurose Makoto , Takano Ken‐ichi , Ogasawara Noriko , Obata Kazufumi , Nomura Kazuaki , Miyata Ryo , Konno Takumi , Ichimiya Shingo , Himi Tetsuo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractP63 is a regulator of cell–cell junction complexes in the epidermis. Claudin‐4 is regulated via various factors in normal epithelial cells and diseases. We found that claudin‐4 was directly regulated via p63 (TAp63 and ΔNp63) in human keratinocytes and nasal epithelial cells. In the epidermis of atopic dermatitis (AD), which contains ΔNp63‐deficient keratinocytes, high expression of claudin‐4 was observed. In primary keratinocytes, downregulation of ΔNp63 by treatment with short interfering RNA (siRNA)‐p63 induced claudin‐4 expression. In nasal epithelial cells in the context of rhinitis or nasal polyps, upregulation of TAp63 and downregulation of claudin‐4 were observed. In primary nasal epithelial cells transfected with the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene, knockdown of p63 by siRNAs induced claudin‐4 expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that p63 is a negative regulator of claudin‐4 expression. Understanding the regulation of claudin‐4 via p63 in human epithelial cells may be important for developing therapies for allergies and drug delivery systems.
Normal 123I‐MIBG uptake areas may be associated with hyperinnervation and arrhythmia risk in phenol model rabbit hearts
Authors: Amino Mari , Yoshioka Koichiro , Tanaka Sachie , Kawabe Noboru , Kurosawa Hiroyuki , Uchida Keisuke , Oshikiri Shinobu , Hashida Tadashi , Kanda Shigetaka , Inokuchi Sadaki , Ikari Yuji 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundIodine‐123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I‐MIBG) is useful for detecting sympathetic innervation in the heart, and has been closely associated with fatal arrhythmias. However, such imaging is typically calibrated to the area of highest uptake and thus is unable to identify areas of hyperinnervation. We hypothesized that normal 123I‐MIBG uptake regions in the denervated heart would demonstrate nerve sprouting and correlate with the potential for arrhythmogenesis.MethodsTwenty New Zealand white rabbits treated with phenol or sham were prepared under anesthesia. Sympathetic innervation was quantified using autoradiography and immunostaining 4 weeks after phenol application, and electrophysiological study was performed.Results123I‐MIBG revealed maximal local differences in isotope uptake in the border zone between areas with attenuated and abundant MIBG compared with that seen between adjacent regions within the lowest uptake areas. On immunostaining, heterogeneous and decreased expressions of growth‐associated protein 43 signal were observed in the MIBG‐attenuated areas; however, abundant signals were recognized in the MIBG‐abundant areas. Upregulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase signal was observed at the part of the MIBG‐abundant area. In electrophysiological study, the dispersion of activation recovery interval (ARI) was increased in the phenol‐applied areas by norepinephrine infusion. Stellate stimulation exacerbated the ARI dispersion in both the phenol‐applied and nonapplied areas, and was associated with increased inducibility of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.ConclusionsThe presence of hyperinnervation in the nondenervated regions of denervated rabbit hearts suggests that heterogeneous neural remodeling occurs in regions with seemingly normal 123I‐MIBG uptake and contributes to electrical instability.
New crinoids from the Baltic region (Estonia): fossil tip‐dating phylogenetics constrains the origin and Ordovician–Silurian diversification of the Flexibilia (Echinodermata)
Authors: Wright David F. , Toom Ursula 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study documents previously unknown taxonomic and morphological diversity among early Palaeozoic crinoids. Based on highly complete, well preserved crown material, we describe two new genera from the Ordovician and Silurian of the Baltic region (Estonia) that provide insight into two major features of the geological history of crinoids: the early evolution of the flexible clade during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), and their diversification history surrounding the end‐Ordovician mass extinction. The unexpected occurrence of a highly derived sagenocrinid, Tintinnabulicrinus estoniensis gen. et. sp. nov., from Upper Ordovician (lower Katian) rocks of the Baltic palaeocontinent provides high‐resolution temporal, taxonomic and palaeobiogeographical constraints on the origin and early evolution of the Flexibilia. The Silurian (lower Rhuddanian, Llandovery) Paerticrinus arvosus gen. et sp. nov. is the oldest known Silurian crinoid from Baltica and thus provides the earliest Baltic record of crinoids following the aftermath of the end‐Ordovician mass extinction. A Bayesian ‘fossil tip‐dating’ analysis implementing the fossilized birth–death process and a relaxed morphological clock model suggests that flexibles evolved c. 3 million years prior to their oldest fossil record, potentially involving an ancestor–descendant relationship (via ‘budding’ cladogenesis or anagenesis) with the paraphyletic cladid Cupulocrinus. The sagenocrinid subclade rapidly diverged from ‘taxocrinid’ grade crinoids during the final stages of the GOBE, culminating in maximal diversity among Ordovician crinoid faunas on a global scale. Remarkably, diversification patterns indicate little taxonomic turnover among flexibles across the Late Ordovician mass extinction. However, the elimination of closely related clades may have helped pave the way for their subsequent Silurian diversification and increased ecological role in post‐Ordovician Palaeozoic marine communities. This study highlights the significance of studies reporting faunas from undersampled palaeogeographical regions for clade‐based phylogenetic studies and improving estimates of global biodiversity through geological time.
A novel family of transcription factors conserved in angiosperms is required for ABA signalling
Authors: Tian Hainan , Chen Siyu , Yang Wenting , Wang Tianya , Zheng Kaijie , Wang Yating , Cheng Yuxin , Zhang Na , Liu Shanda , Li Dongqiu , Liu Bao , Wang Shucai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in regulating plant responses to environmental stresses. Interplay of several different proteins including the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, A‐group PP2C protein phosphatases, SnRK2 protein kinases, and downstream transcription factors regulates ABA signalling. We report here the identification of a family of ABA‐induced transcription repressors (AITRs) that act as feedback regulators in ABA signalling. We found that the expression of all the 6 Arabidopsis AITR genes was induced by exogenously ABA, and their expression levels were decreased in ABA biosynthesis mutant aba1‐5. BLAST searches showed that AITRs are exclusively present in angiosperms. When recruited to the promoter region of a reporter gene by a fused DNA binding domain, all AITRs inhibited reporter gene expression in transfected protoplasts. In Arabidopsis, aitr mutants showed reduced sensitivity to ABA and to stresses such as salt and drought. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis demonstrated that the ABA‐induced response of PP2C and some PYR/PYL/RCAR genes was reduced in AITR5 transgenic plants but increased in an aitr2 aitr5 aitr6 triple mutant. These results provide important new insights into the regulation of ABA signalling in plants, and such information may lead to the production of plants with enhanced resistance to environmental stresses.
Topical application of Nexrutine inhibits ultraviolet B‐induced cutaneous inflammatory responses in SKH‐1 hairless mouse
Authors: Alam Shamshad , Pal Anu , Singh Dhirendra , Ansari Kausar Mahmood 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundUltraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the major contributor to skin inflammation which leads to the development of skin cancer. Hence, in this study, we studied the effect of Nexrutine (NX) on UVB‐induced cutaneous inflammation and its mediators.MethodsUltraviolet absorption spectra of NX were measured by spectrophotometer. To conduct the photoprotective studies, SKH‐1 hairless mice were topically treated with NX, 30 minutes before to the UVB (180 mJ/cm2) exposure. Twenty hours of post‐UVB irradiation, mouse skin was used for edema measurements, H & E staining, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and estimation of plasma cytokines. In addition, expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also determined by Western blot analysis.ResultsNexrutine displayed absorbance over the UVB spectrum. NX significantly decreased the UVB‐induced epidermal edema, skin thickness, leukocyte infiltration, number of the sunburn, and TUNEL‐positive cells. NX treatment also decreased the number of mast cells, MPO activity, expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation mediator protein in mouse skin.ConclusionThese results provide evidences that NX inhibits the UVB‐induced cutaneous inflammatory responses in SKH‐1 mouse skin.
Exporting South Korea's e‐Government Experience
Authors: Choi Inchan , Hoffman Mark C. 
Published: August 2017

Related Content: Balfour (PAR September/October 2017)Related Content: Agranoff (PAR September/October 2017)Related Content: Larson (PAR September/October 2017)Related Content: Mullendore (PAR September/October 2017)Related Content: Khan (PAR September/October 2017)Related Content: Demircioglu (PAR September/October 2017)
Doing More with More: How “Early” Evidence Can Inform Public Policies
Authors: Barbero Colleen , Gilchrist Siobhan , Shantharam Sharada , Fulmer Erika , Schooley Michael W. 
Published: August 2017

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Editor's Introduction
Authors: Balfour Danny L. 
Published: August 2017

Related Content: Agranoff (PAR September/October 2017)Related Content: Larson (PAR September/October 2017)Related Content: Mullendore (PAR September/October 2017)Related Content: Choi and Hoffman (PAR September/October 2017)Related Content: Khan (PAR September/October 2017)Related Content: Demircioglu (PAR September/October 2017)
Coordinating intermediaries: The prospects and limitations of professional associations in decentralized regulation
Authors: Carter David P. , Mahallati Nadia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA key question in understanding regulation through independent intermediaries is the extent to which intermediary actions are either coordinated, thereby supporting consistency in regulatory application, or uncoordinated, leading to monitoring and enforcement disparities. This paper examines professional associations as one mechanism by which policy action may be coordinated in decentralized arrangements. Professional associations provide means and venues for members to interact, offer training and education that develops shared understanding of policy directives, are collective representation bodies for professional members, and may play an important role in establishing and enforcing collective standards for appropriate behavior. We examine these functions in the decentralized administration of United States organic food certification, focusing on two relevant professional associations – the Accredited Certifiers Association and the International Organic Inspectors Association. Drawing on multiple methods, including interviews and survey data, our findings indicate that professional organic certification associations provide valuable education and training, disseminate information, and facilitate knowledge sharing among administrative entities and with regulatory authorities. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects and limitations of professional associations for third‐party regulation, and how accounting for professional association functions can improve our understanding of regulatory intermediary coordination and conduct.
How does knowledge circulate in a regulatory network? Observing a European Platform of Regulatory Authorities meeting
Authors: Papadopoulos Yannis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMulti‐level networks of regulatory authorities are considered as vectors of knowledge circulation, norm diffusion, and regulatory coordination. However, this is often assumed without empirical scrutiny of the concrete “micro‐dynamics” between individual participants in networks, which remain a “black box” for analysts. This paper is mainly based on direct observation and informal interviews conducted during a meeting of the European Platform of Regulatory Authorities in charge of regulation of the broadcasting sector. It seeks to elucidate what deliberation, socialization, and learning, considered as devices typical of “soft” governance modes, mean as concrete social practices within a network.