bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame retardant polyurethane foam prepared from compatible blends of ammonium ligninsulfonate-based and zinc alginate
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ding Shuai , Wang Zhaoqian , Yuan Dehe , Wang Zhi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was prepared and subsequently employed to modify ammonium ligninsulfonate-based polyurethane foams (PUFs). A range of analytical techniques, including thermogravimetry, integral programmed decomposition temperature, activation energy, smoke density, cone calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy, were employed to characterise the modified PUFs. The results demonstrated that PUFA15Z5 (15 % ammonium lignin sulfonate and 5 g ZnAlg) with the lowest mass loss exhibited the second-highest sample decomposition temperature (T50 %), second-highest peak temperature (TMAX2), IPDT and activation energy. Furthermore, the PUFA15Z5 sample exhibited the smallest smoke density (23.11) and the highest light transmittance (67.11 %). The peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, total smoke release and four fire risk assessment indicators of PUFA15Z5 were the lowest, while its carbon residue was the densest. The results demonstrated that PUFA15Z5 exhibited the most favourable thermal stability, flame retardant properties and the lowest smoke toxicity. These findings provide a valuable reference for subsequent biomass-based flame retardant modified polyurethane foams (PUFs).
Online language teaching in times of change: a CALL to action for language teachers and educators
Authors: Stickler Ursula 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Change, whether slowly developing over decades or rapid change caused by worldwide crises, affects education and educators profoundly. This article argues for a change in language teacher education embracing the changing world of online communication, and emphasising the epistemological awareness language teachers need to bring to the online classroom. Based on Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) research and best practice examples from across the world, the paper outlines past changes, contextualises online language teaching in the wider area of online communication and describes progress in practice, theory and epistemological understanding of online teaching. It culminates in a series of evidence-based suggestions for future training and education of language teachers that will integrate adequate pedagogy and an enhanced epistemological understanding.
Diplomatic webs: the influential figures shaping U.S. policy in Israel, Qatar, and Iraq
Authors: Kafiliveyjuyeh Soheil , Porter Lance 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study examines the Twitter/X networks of U.S. ambassadors in Israel, Iraq, and Qatar from 2017 to 2024, aiming to assess how digital diplomacy is conducted through these platforms. Utilizing Sprinklr, we gathered 586,736 mentions involving the ambassadors’ Twitter handles, with a focus on evaluating the influence and communication strategies within these networks.

Design/methodology/approach
We analyzed a random sample of 30,000 tweets from the collected data using network analysis techniques. This approach enabled the examination of centrality metrics within the ambassadors’ digital networks, providing insights into the influence patterns and communicative interactions via Gephi.

Findings
The analysis revealed a significant influence of state actors and established political elites who predominantly engage in unidirectional communication, despite the platforms’ capabilities for interactive and reciprocal dialogues. We identified elected officials and specific non-governmental organizations as key actors shaping the diplomatic narratives, highlighting the diverse yet controlled actor interplay in digital diplomacy.

Practical implications
This research underscores the need for strategic adjustments in digital diplomacy practices to enhance interaction and inclusivity. Our work provides policymakers with insights into leveraging digital platforms for more effective and dynamic diplomatic exchanges.

Social implications
The study illuminates the role of digital platforms as critical venues for shaping diplomatic narratives by both state and non-state actors. Notably, our findings highlight the use of hashtags in advancing human rights movements and in discussions surrounding the Israel–Palestine conflict, demonstrating hashtags’ impact on global and regional advocacy efforts.

Originality/value
This research offers a unique perspective on the integration of traditional diplomatic roles with contemporary digital strategies, particularly highlighting the constraints and potentials within Middle Eastern contexts. We suggest ways to enhance the inclusivity and effectiveness of diplomatic engagements through improved social media utilization, thereby contributing to the evolving field of international relations and public diplomacy.
An in vitro assessment of ionizing radiation impact on the efficacy of radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Girgin Merve , Akat Ayberk , Akgül Büşra , Nalbant Nilgül , Karaçetin Didem , Abamor Emrah Şefik , Uğurel Osman Mutluhan , Turgut-Balik Dilek 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Ionizing radiation is still one of the most effective treatment options for various cancers. It is possible to reduce the side effects of this effective treatment method and increase the chance of success by elucidating the responses it creates at the molecular level in the cell. This study aims to investigate of the molecular effects of therapeutic ionizing radiation on breast cancer, which is the most prevalent cancer type.

Methods
MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines were irradiated with 4 and 8 Gy ionizing radiation and monitored for up to 7 days. RNA was collected at 48 and 96 h, when cellular molecular mechanisms became most evident, and quantitative expression levels of microRNAs (miR-208a, miR-124, miR-145), for which cancer-radiation associations have been determined from existing literature and databases, were evaluated.

Results
Exposure to ionizing radiation resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability in both MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, microRNA expression analysis revealed notable changes at all levels. The research demonstrates that miR-208a, miR-145, and miR-124 are crucial in the biological response to ionizing radiation.

Conclusions
Therapeutic ionizing radiation profoundly affects cell viability and microRNA expression in breast cancer cell lines, showing dose and time-dependent effects. The observed microRNA expression patterns suggest potential biomarkers for radiation response and therapeutic targets to improve radiotherapy efficacy. Further in vivo validation and exploration of these microRNAs’ roles in modulating cellular response to ionizing radiation are needed.
Brass corrosion – dezincification in hydrochloric acid
Authors: Fickenscher Thomas , Schröer Jasmin , Reckeweg Olaf , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Brass is among the utility metals for daily life. We present an easy corrosion experiment for demonstration in high school or first-year undergraduate studies. Almost any kind of brass can be dezincified in 1 m hydrochloric acid. Copper as the noble component remains as salmon pink coating on the workpiece while zinc and lead, the latter being a frequent minor alloying component of brass, are dissolved. Lead can be detected as PbS (in-situ generation of H2S from a splinter of FeS or as PbI2 using KI). Zinc can be analyzed as Rinmann’s green or via a microchemical drop reaction with dithizone.
INHILLDAUGAR: minimally invasive fieldwork and linguistic analysis on hillforts along the Daugava river
Authors: Schneeweiß Jens , Haferberga Vanda , Ibsen Timo , Kittel Piotr , Sikora Jerzy , Musiaka Łukasz , Whitefield Hans , Ginter Artur , Kalińska Edyta , Szmańda Jacek , Vyazov Leonid , Seržant Ilja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCombining non- and minimally invasive archaeological survey, geomorphological methods and linguistic studies enables a better understanding of the dynamic use of the Daugava waterway from the Bronze to the Viking ages. Results indicate a common origin period of many fortified settlements and also identify research questions about cultural fluctuations in the Baltic-Slavic–Scandinavian contact area.
The war of the Russian Empire against Ukraine: The most dangerous phase of the post-communist transition
Authors: Mihályi Péter , Szelényi Iván 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe believe that the causes of the Russian-Ukrainian war can be understood as part of the post-communist transition. From the perspective of Putin's Russia, compared to the United States and China, the last three decades have been a failure on the economic growth front. Hence Putin's desire to restore as much as possible the Soviet Union, a multi-ethnic confederation of people built on communist ideology. But there is a contradiction here that neither public opinion nor Russian leaders can see. The Russian leadership cannot legitimise its current power and its ambitions to change the status quo by anything other than appealing to Russian national interests. This cannot be done without a communist ideology, because the Slavophile, ethno-nationalist, Pravoslav ideology and Putin's cult of personality are unacceptable to all other ethnic groups in the region.
Bone-inspired dynamically adaptive materials: Current efforts and future opportunities
Authors: Kitchen Grant , Sun Bohan , Kang Sung Hoon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe natural world contains a diverse range of solutions that allows for living organisms to dynamically adapt their structure and mechanical properties to meet environmental demands. For example, coral reef is able to accumulate reinforcing calcium carbonate from wave agitation and water current that stabilizes gaps in the structure and increases the reef density and strength through diagenetic reef cementation. Bone responds to repeated stress by translating deformations and fluid movement in the bone matrix into cellular signals that trigger bone formation through mechanotransduction. Utilizing these mechanisms as inspiration, synthetic materials have been developed that utilize stress-generated piezoelectric charges to attract mineral ions to form reinforcing mineral layers that can repair defects and damage over time and extend material lifetime. In this article, we examine natural adaptive processes that give inspiration for new synthetic materials with similar dynamic adaptive properties. We also introduce the capabilities of existing bioinspired synthetic materials, current challenges these systems face, potential application areas of this technology, and future research opportunities of these adaptive materials.
Graphical abstract
Association of transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization (Tpeak-Tend interval) with components of metabolic syndrome: data from the ESSE-RF3
Authors: Garbuzova E. V. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Nesterets A. M. , Khudyakova A. D. , Shramko V. S. , Imaeva A. E. , Muromtseva G. A. , Balanova Yu. A. , Simonova G. I. 
Published: September 2024

Aim. To study the associations of the Tpeak-Tend interval (TpTe) with components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of Novosibirsk residents.Material and methods. The study included 1042 residents of Novosibirsk (510 (48,9%) men) aged 35-74 years. The examination included the collection of demographic and social data, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP) measurement, and electrocardiography (ECG). MS was determined according to the 2013 criteria. The TpTe interval from the peak, as the maximum positive or negative T wave deviation, to the end of the T wave, was measured manually in lead V5. The corrected TpTe (cTpTe) interval was used in the study.Results. The cTpTe is inversely associated with female sex (B 3,390, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-5,516-2,504), p=0,001). The cTpTe interval is associated with a blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg (B 3,154, 95% CI: (1,614-4,688), p=0,001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >3,0 mmol/l (B 1,818, 95% CI: (0,409-3,544), p=0,030), regardless of other MS components, sex and age. The cTpTe interval was higher in individuals with BP ≥140/90 mm Hg compared with individuals with BP <140/90 mm Hg (69,08 95% CI: 67,59-70,66 vs 65,93 95% CI: 64,60-67,24; p=0,001), and in persons with LDL-C >3,0 mmol/l (68,41 95% CI: 67,11-69,63 vs 66,60 95% CI: 65,02-68,23; p=0,023), compared with individuals with LDL-C <3,0 mmol/l.Conclusion. The cTpTe interval, considered as an indicator of transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization, is shorter in women than in men and is associated with hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia, regardless of other MS components.
Hematologic mask of infective endocarditis as a cause of fever of unknown origin: a case report
Authors: Lutokhina Yu. A. , Andrushchishina T. B. , Erdniev T. N. , Mekhtieva G. A. , Petushkov I. L. , Yasneva A. S. , Blagova O. V. 
Published: September 2024

Fever of unknown origin (FUO), despite the wide diagnostic potential of modern medicine, remains a difficult problem for clinicians. Often, making a correct diagnosis requires a comprehensive examination of the patient, as well as the joint work of doctors from different specialties.A 57-year-old male patient was hospitalized due to an episode of loss of consciousness, unmotivated weight loss and daily evening temperature rises to 38-39о C, accompanied by chills and increased sweating. Previously, he was examined by a general practitioner, a cardiologist, and repeatedly by a hematologist. There was no evidence of an infectious disease, arrhythmias, multiple myeloma, lymphoproliferative disorders. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) was diagnosed. Blood tests revealed neutrophilia (9800 cells/ μl) and moderate anemia. The patient was hospitalized to determine the FUO cause. Heart auscultation revealed a systolic murmur in the mitral valve, which was previously absent. Echocardiography revealed a mobile masses on the mitral valve, severe mitral regurgitation, and therefore infective endocarditis was diagnosed. Empirical antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone and levofloxacin was administered. Further blood culture revealed growth of a HACEK representative Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, sensitive to both drugs. Examination established the odontogenic nature of endocarditis. During treatment, stable normothermia and significant blood count improvement were achieved. However, fluoroquinolone therapy led to tendinopathy. Due to persistent grade 3 mitral regurgitation, the patient underwent routine mitral valve replacement. Further follow-up revealed satisfactory condition of the patient.A feature of this case is the atypical course of infective endocarditis, occurring under a hematological mask, which made its diagnosis difficult. When examining a FUO patient, infective endocarditis should be included in the range of possible causes, taking into account not only the typical clinical picture, but also the numerous masks of this disease.
Health literacy, including related vaccination, of the working Russian population: data from a survey on the Atria platform
Authors: Antsiferova A. A. , Lopatina M. V. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Ipatov P. V. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: September 2024

Health literacy (HL), including related vaccination, is an important health determinant. For the working population, it helps to maintain and improve their ability to work. Despite the clear benefits of vaccination, vaccine confidence has recently declined worldwide, which may lead to decreased vaccination coverage and a renewal of infectious diseases. Based on this, increasing the level of public health, including vaccination issues, is one of the preventive medicine tasks. Staff groups seem to be an effective place for implementing measures to improve the health and vaccination prevention of the working population.Aim. To assess the level of public health, including vaccination issues, among the working Russian population using digital technologies.Material and methods. The study was conducted online and included employees filling out a questionnaire on their own. The results were posted on the Atria digital platform, which is a tool for assessing and implementing corporate programs to improve employee health. HL was assessed using the updated 2019 Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS19-Q) adapted into Russian and validated. The study lasted 18 months (from December 2022 to May 2024).Results. A total of 58357 employees took part in the study on the Atria digital platform to assess the public health level, of which 47044 (80,6%) were women. In general, workers had a predominantly excellent HL (n=39637, 67,9%), while in women it was 69,4% (n=32644). The insufficient HL varied slightly among workers of different age groups. The fewest workers with an excellent HL were recorded in the age group of 40-49 years (65,4%, n=11857), and the most among workers >60 years old (74,2%, n=3573). The study found that 43,3% of men and 56,2% of women are vaccinated against influenza annually. Among those workers who are vaccinated against influenza annually, the highest HL rate was recorded among workers >60 years of age (63,4%, n=4188), and the lowest among workers <30 years of age (48,2%, n=4992). Workers with an excellent HL are predominantly vaccinated against influenza annually (77,8%, n=21306).Conclusion. For the first time in the Russian Federation, a study was conducted to assess the HL level, including vaccination issues, among workers using digital technologies. The results obtained indicate that further measures are needed to increase the HL level of workers, including in terms of vaccination. Based on research data, methodological documents and corporate programs aimed at improving the current situation should be developed and implemented.
O princípio da insignificância e a audiência de custódia
Authors: Vianna Carla Lima , Figueiredo Daniel Diamantaras de 
Published: September 2024

No julgamento da APDF 347, o STF declarou o estado de coisas inconstitucional do sistema penitenciário brasileiro e como uma medida para reduzir a calamidade reconhecida estabeleceu a necessidade de implementação da norma contida no artigo 7 item 5 da CADH, para que todas as pessoas presas passassem por audiência de custódia de forma a aferir a legalidade e a necessidade da prisão cautelar, dentre outras finalidades. De outro giro, a aferição da tipicidade da conduta a partir da expressividade da ofensa ao bem jurídico e sua repercussão na criminalidade contemporânea pela percepção do aumento do volume de casos dos crimes de bagatela provocou a reflexão acerca da possibilidade de que se definisse a questão jurídica apresentada já em sede de audiência de custódia. O objetivo do presente estudo é a reflexão sobre se há limite para que, no exame da legalidade da prisão, o juiz da custódia reconheça a atipicidade material da conduta em virtude da insignificância da lesão produzida e determine o arquivamento do feito, com a solução da lide penal. Pesquisas recentes da Defensoria Pública Geral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de dados coletados pelo Núcleo de Audiências de Custódia, ilustram o reflexo da pobreza como fator criminógeno e apontam o resultado das lides inauguradas para a responsabilização penal dos que cometem os crime de furto em que se poderia considerar como tese defensiva a insignificância. Apesar de haver previsão para que se promova o arquivamento do feito em audiência de custódia (art. 8º, Resolução CNJ 213/2015), instado a se manifestar em um caso específico, considerada a atipicidade material da conduta em audiência de custódia, assentou o STF que a competência do juiz da custódia não é exauriente com relação aos fatos que levaram à prisão do indivíduo, porém a conclusão pode ser diversa quando órgão julgador acumular competências para a audiência de custódia e julgamento do mérito da causa.
Early Detection of Infectious Diseases among the Refugees of UNHCR in South Tangerang, Banten; the Problems and Strategies to Prevent the Disease's Transmission
Authors: Nasution Silvia Fitrina , Nisa Hoirun 
Published: September 2024

The previous study at Puskesmas Pisangan, Ciputat had reported that among 23.8 % patient of the UNHCR was infected by malaria Plasmodium vivax, and one patient with bacterial urinary infection. However, the result can not represent the actual case of the disease, because of the lack number of participant to visit the Puskesmas since the Covid-19 pandemic which had been contributing to decrease number of the patients. The study purposed to improve data and information about parasitic infection, and to design strategy in early detection and prevention to the disease. Design of the study was approached in cross-sectional with a total sampling method of the UNHCR out patients visiting the Puskesmas Pisangan and Cirendeu.We collected specimen of feces, urine, and blood, and performed blood diff-count, rapid diagnostic, microscopic, dipstick, and bacterial culture. The study revealed some parasitic and bacterial infections as defined: five cases (17.24%) of malaria, which is suspected as imported cases; Enterobacteriacea family as non-specific bacteria of negative gram in urine; also Entamoeba coli in stool. This finding was confirmed 17.24% of leucocytosis in blood diffcount and 24.14 % in urinalysis. By nationality, Sudanese was detected the most prevalent 10.34% of parasitic infections, followed by Somalia (6.9%), Yaman (3.45%), and Afghanistan (3.45%) respectively. While mosquitoes and poor living conditions were also contributed as the major potential risk of transmission to the diseases. In conclusion, early detection, health screening, vaccination, access to primary, and upgraded levels of healthcare are important for diseases control and management to prevent transmission.
ПЕРЕКЛАД БІНОМІАЛІВ У ПОЕЗІЇ Т. ШЕВЧЕНКА НІМЕЦЬКОЮ МОВОЮПЕРЕКЛАД БІНОМІАЛІВ У ПОЕЗІЇ Т. ШЕВЧЕНКА НІМЕЦЬКОЮ МОВОЮ
Authors: Баклан Ірина , Гудманян Артур 
Published: September 2024

У статті охарактеризовано поняття «біноміал» та узагальнено формальні можливості перекладу біноміалів німецькою мовою. Матеріалом дослідження послугували поетичні твори Т. Шевченка та їхні переклади німецькою мовою, виконані на початку та у другій половині XX століття. Авторами проаналізовано 61 лексичну одиницю та представлено класифікацію основних засобів і прийомів перекладу біноміалів німецькою мовою. У ході дослідження застосовано методи аналізу та синтезу, а також описовий, зіставний, статистичний і трансформаційний методи. Формальними можливостями перекладу біноміалів німецькою мовою можна назвати використання композитів, прийом опущення гіпероніма, використання атрибутивного та прийменникового означень, а також прикладки, застосування синтаксичних трансформацій, зокрема підрядного відносного речення, сполучника und та збереження біноміалів у перекладі. За результатами дослідження особливостей перекладу біноміалів у поезії Т. Шевченка німецькою мовою можна виокремити прийом опущення та використання прикладки у поєднанні з прийомами перестановки, мутації та конкретизації. Опущення застосовується у разі наявності семантично надлишкової інформації в біноміалі або вірогідності викривлення смислу під час перекладу обох компонентів біноміала. Прийом опущення може поєднуватися із прийомом мутації та бути націленим на зміну плану вираження. Частотність використання композитів і сполучника und під час перекладу біноміалів значно менша порівняно з використанням опущення та прикладки. Збереження біноміалів у перекладі характерне для передачі складних іменників, компонентами яких постають власні назви та реалії. Атрибутивне означення в перекладі біноміалів можна вважати маловживаним, так само нечасто застосовується заміна одного з компонентів та описовий переклад. Переклад біноміалів у поезії має орієнтуватися не лише максимально точне відтворення змісту вихідної одиниці в тексті перекладу, а й належним чином відтворювати форму представлення художнього твору.