bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Transposition of Territory: Decolonized Perspectives in Current Urban Research
Authors: Schwarz Anke , Streule Monika 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the concept of territory from a decolonized perspective. We engage with the ongoing debate on decentralizing urban studies to outline the potential drawbacks of essentializing, generalizing or objectifying the urban. Through the socio‐territorial approach utilized here we seek to address these issues by shifting attention, first, to the social production of territory, and secondly, from an analysis of state strategies to the urban scale. We understand territory as being produced when subjects struggle over the practices, meanings and tenures of urban space. An example from Mexico City is employed to illustrate how territory becomes both the site and stake of social struggle. By focusing on the subjects involved in the production of territory, and on the way different subjects produce and reproduce hegemonic spaces and counter‐spaces, we emphasize three aspects in particular: first, a territory's specific material conditions; secondly, the imaginarios (social imaginaries) various actors inscribe into it; and thirdly, the communal land use form of the ejido as a unique territorial regulation. Finally, we argue for the empirical groundedness of the concept of territory with the aim of further pluralizing the field of urban studies. The socio‐territorial approach we propose explicitly focuses on power relations in the production of both urban space and knowledge.
A Case of Insect Colonization Before the Death
Authors: Vanin Stefano , Bonizzoli Manuela , Migliaccio Maria Luisa , Buoninsegni Laura Tadini , Bugelli Valentina , Pinchi Vilma , Focardi Martina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractForensic entomology is a branch of forensic science in which insects are used as evidence in legal investigations relating to humans, domestic animals and wildlife. One of the theoretical pillars on which the discipline is based concerns the fact that flies colonize a body after death. However in cases of myiasis, maggots are present before death, with consequences in the correct estimation of the minimum postmortem interval (mPMI). We report here the case of a woman, largely colonized by fly larvae, who has lain alive in her garden for four days prior to being rescued. Larvae were found on the conjunctivae, the bronchi, the rectum and vagina. The woman's death, two months later, was caused by tetanus. The consequences of myiasis on mPMI estimation are here discussed. In fact, despite she was still alive larvae, indicated and estimated age of 1.5–2.5 days, based on environmental and body temperature.
Increased trapping efficiency for the peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii (Matsumura) with synthetic sex pheromone
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Li Xianwei , Xue Yanhua , Zhao Zhiguo , Li Jie , Ma Ruiyan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Carposina sasakii Matsumura is one of the most serious fruit‐damaging pests in Southern East Asia. The management of C. sasakii using sex pheromones has proven to be simple, effective and environmentally friendly with respect to monitoring and controlling this pest.
To apply sex pheromone‐based pest control techniques effectively, we characterized a range of application parameters, as well as the effects of synthetic sex pheromones, in jujube orchards. Trapping radius was determined by comparing the mean number of trapped individuals at different inter‐trap distances, and mating disruption parameters were inferred by comparing the rate of trapping efficiency reduction and the infestation ratio of fruits in the experimental fields by uniformly placing different number/types of lures/100 m2.
These studies revealed capture rates with significant differences across 10–50‐m inter‐trap distances: for example, a 30‐m or greater inter‐trap distance was suitable for monitoring and mass trapping, whereas distances <20 m significantly decreased the trapping efficiency in the testing area.
The studies lay the foundation for the implementation of these technologies within the context of a well‐conceived control strategy against this significant agricultural pest.
Evidence of potential hybridization in the Thaumetopoea pityocampa‐wilkinsoni complex
Authors: Petrucco‐Toffolo Edoardo , Basso Andrea , Kerdelhué Carole , İpekdal Kahraman , Mendel Zvi , Simonato Mauro , Battisti Andrea 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The winter pine processionary moth complex includes some major defoliating insects of Pinus and Cedrus forests in southern Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, where they also cause health problems to humans and animals.
The complex includes at least two species that were separated recently based on molecular and morphological evidence: Thaumetopoea pityocampa in the west and Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni in the east of the Mediterranean Basin.
Individuals from two populations, selected as representative of Th. pityocampa and Th. wilkinsoni, were used to test whether hybridization is possible under controlled conditions.
The hybrid offspring showed intermediate morphological and performance traits, whereas heterosis for pupal weight was detected in one of the hybrid lines. The genetic analysis confirmed the crosses.
Both species have large phenological plasticity and may come into contact at the edge of their range, where they could hybridize.
Based on the evidence accumulated so far, it is recommended that the current species designations are maintained, although a deeper study of the trait variability is required, especially in the contact zones.
Letter: changes in FIB‐4 cut‐off points for viral hepatitis
Authors: Kayadibi H. 
Published: March 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Takyar et al and Surana and Koh papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13974 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13834.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: use of 5‐aminosalicylates and risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bonovas S. , Fiorino G. , Lytras T. , Nikolopoulos G. , Peyrin‐Biroulet L. , Danese S. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe relationship of 5‐aminosalicylates’ use with the risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been the focus of a growing body of research.AimTo investigate this association through an updated meta‐analysis of observational studies.MethodsPubMed, Scopus and major conference proceedings were searched up to December 2016. The identified studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using random‐effect models. Detailed subgroup analyses were performed. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence.ResultsThirty‐one independent observational studies including 2137 cases of colorectal neoplasia (of which 76% were cancers) were incorporated. Between‐study heterogeneity was moderate, while strong suspicion of small‐study effects was raised. The overall analysis revealed a protective association between 5‐aminosalicylates’ use and colorectal neoplasia (RR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.45–0.71). When the analysis was stratified according to study design and setting, the association was significant in cohort (RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.99; n = 10) and case–control studies (RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.40–0.70; n = 21), population‐based (RR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52–0.94; n = 12) and hospital‐based studies (RR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.34–0.61; n = 19). Exposure to 5‐aminosalicylates was protective against cancer (RR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.45–0.74) and dysplasia (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.35–0.84). The reduction in colorectal neoplasia risk was strong in ulcerative colitis (RR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.38–0.64), but nonsignificant in Crohn's disease (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.43–1.33). Mesalazine (mesalamine) use was protective (RR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51–0.94) with evidence of a dose‐effect. The effect of sulfasalazine was marginally nonsignificant (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51–1.01).ConclusionsOur findings support a potential chemopreventive role of 5‐aminosalicylates in IBD. Further, high‐quality prospective research is warranted.
Adaptation of MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory in rural Pakistan – useful tool for early childhood studies
Authors: Rasheed M. A. , Tabussum G. , Habib Z. H. , Yousafzai A. K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundGiven the significance of early language for later academic achievement, language development can be an important outcome measure in evaluation of early childhood intervention programmes. Language development may be challenging to assess in settings where trained personnel are hard to find; therefore, maternal report can be a reliable alternative measure.AimThe aim of this study was to adapt a maternal report measure, the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory II‐Short Form, in theSindhilanguage and to examine its psychometric properties as a measure of language outcome in 2‐year‐old children in rural Pakistan.MethodsA three‐phase process was followed to produce aSindhiadaptation of the tool comprising 100 words. The first phase was a review of the original 258 words through a focus group discussion with a team familiar with the context; the second phase was testing 258 words to compile a 100‐word list of easy, moderate and difficult words. The third phase was a pilot of the 100‐word list followed by administration in a larger intervention study population.ResultsOn administration with 1381 children, concurrent validity with the Bayley Scale of Infant Development III using the Pearson's correlation test showed a moderate association for comprehension (r = 0.45,p = 0.01,n = 1381) and good association for expression (r = 0.51,p = 0.01,n = 1381). Internal consistency was high with alphas of 0.98 for comprehension items and 0.96 for expression items.ConclusionThe authors conclude that theSindhiadaptation of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory followed a feasible and rigorous methodology to create a reliable and sensitive tool to assess young children's language development for use in a child assessment battery for early childhood health, nutrition and development studies.
Urban Middle School Students’ Stereotypes at the Intersection of Sexual Orientation, Ethnicity, and Gender
Authors: Ghavami Negin , Peplau Letitia Anne 
Published: March 2017

Heterosexual urban middle school students’ (N = 1,757) stereotypes about gender typicality, intelligence, and aggression were assessed. Students (Mage = 12.36 years) rated Facebook‐like profiles of peers who varied by gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Several hypotheses about how the gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation of target peers intersect to shape stereotypes were tested. As predicted, a peer's sexual orientation determined stereotypes of gender typicality, with gay and lesbian students viewed as most atypical. As expected, ethnicity shaped stereotypes of intelligence, with Asian American students seen as most intelligent. Gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation independently and jointly affected stereotypes of aggression. These results demonstrate the value of an intersectional approach to the study of stereotypes. Implications for future research and practice are offered.
SIRT1‐dependentAMPKpathway in the protection of estrogen against ischemic brain injury
Authors: Guo Jin‐Min , Shu He , Wang Lei , Xu Jian‐Jiang , Niu Xue‐Cai , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAimsStroke is a major cause of mortality and disability, especially for postmenopausal women. In view of the protective action of estrogen, hormone therapy remains the only effective way to limit this risk. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency and underlying mechanisms of estrogen neuroprotection.MethodsSubcutaneous injection of 17β‐estradiol in rats after ovariectomy (OVX) was used to manipulate estrogen level and explore the effects of estrogen in cerebral ischemic damage both in vivo and in vitro. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) knockout mice and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐activated kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C were also used to investigate the underlying pathway of estrogen.ResultsEstrogen deficiency induced byOVXaggravated brain infarction in experimentally induced cerebral ischemia rats, whereas estrogen pretreatment reduced ischemia‐induced cerebral injuries. Neurons of estrogen deficiency models were susceptible to apoptosis under oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD). In contrast, neurons with estrogen‐supplemented serum exhibited restored resistance to cell apoptosis. InOGDneurons, estrogen promotedAMPKactivation through estrogen receptor α, and neuroprotection of estrogen was prevented byAMPKinhibition. Estrogen increasedSIRT1 expression and activation, and estrogen‐inducedAMPKactivation disappeared inSIRT1 knockout neurons. Moreover, estrogen‐induced neuroprotection was abolished inSIRT1 knockout mice andAMPK‐inhibited rats.ConclusionOur data support that estrogen protects against ischemic stroke through preventing neuron death via theSIRT1‐dependentAMPKpathway.
Updated 24‐year trend of Type 1 diabetes incidence in children in Poland reveals a sinusoidal pattern and sustained increase
Authors: Chobot A. , Polanska J. , Brandt A. , Deja G. , Glowinska‐Olszewska B. , Pilecki O. , Szadkowska A. , Mysliwiec M. , Jarosz‐Chobot P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsTo present the incidence trend for Type 1 diabetes in Polish children aged 0–14 years, updated using data collected during 2005–2012, and assess the reliability of the predictive model constructed previously using the 1989–2004 database.MethodsChildren aged < 15 years with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes are recorded prospectively (EURODIAB criteria) in several regional registers in Poland. Age‐ and gender‐standardized incidence rates for Type 1 diabetes were calculated per 100 000 persons/year. Incidence rates were analysed in terms of the dependency on age, gender, geographical region and population density. Incidence rate trends over time were modelled using generalized linear models.ResultsThe mean standardized incidence for 1989–2012 was 12.72 per 100 000 persons/year [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.35 to 14.21]. Over the 24‐year observation period, the incidence increased from 5.36 to 22.74 per 100 000 persons/year. The lowest incidence rate was in children aged 0–4 years (8.35, 95% CI 7.27 to 9.57 per 100 000 persons/year). There was no difference between genders, or urban and rural regions. Incidence rates were higher in northern compared with southern Poland [14.04 (95% CI 12.59 to 15.63) vs. 11.94 (95% CI 10.62 to 13.39) per 100 000 persons/year]. The new data corrected the earlier predictive model by changing the estimates of some factors related to patient age, gender and their interactions with the remaining factors. The incidence rate shows periodic 5.33‐year fluctuations. The periodicity component allows for a more accurate prediction of the incidence rate over time.ConclusionsThis cohort study reveals a sustained increase in Type 1 diabetes incidence in Polish children aged 0–14 years with regular, sinusoidal fluctuations and a slight levelling off in past few years. It is of concern that are the highest increases in incidence are found in children aged 0–4 years.
Neurofilament light chain in cerebrospinal fluid and prediction of disease activity in clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Håkansson I. , Tisell A. , Cassel P. , Blennow K. , Zetterberg H. , Lundberg P. , Dahle C. , Vrethem M. , Ernerudh J. 
Published: March 2017

Background and purposeImproved biomarkers are needed to facilitate clinical decision‐making and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS). We assessed whether neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at initial sampling could predict disease activity during 2 years of follow‐up in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing–remitting MS.MethodsUsing multiplex bead array and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL13, CCL20, CCL22, neurofilament light chain (NFL), neurofilament heavy chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, chitinase‐3‐like‐1, matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and osteopontin were analysed in CSF from 41 patients with CIS or relapsing–remitting MS and 22 healthy controls. Disease activity (relapses, magnetic resonance imaging activity or disability worsening) in patients was recorded during 2 years of follow‐up in this prospective longitudinal cohort study.ResultsIn a logistic regression analysis model, NFL in CSF at baseline emerged as the best predictive marker, correctly classifying 93% of patients who showed evidence of disease activity during 2 years of follow‐up and 67% of patients who did not, with an overall proportion of 85% (33 of 39 patients) correctly classified. Combining NFL with either neurofilament heavy chain or osteopontin resulted in 87% overall correctly classified patients, whereas combining NFL with a chemokine did not improve results.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the potential prognostic value of NFL in baseline CSF in CIS and relapsing–remitting MS and supports its use as a predictive biomarker of disease activity.
“The Goal Is Not to Cheer You Up”: Empathetic Care in Israeli Life Coaching
Authors: Kaneh‐Shalit Tamar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article presents the controversial role of emotions in projects of self‐realization through the particular practice of empathetic caring. Israeli life coaches claim to allow minimal space for trainees’ emotions: they teach them to master self‐steering through a calculative reflexivity that also aims to limit affect. At the same time, they engage with their trainees’ feelings by invoking emotional reactions only to argue against their trainees’ subjective experiences. The article traces this mixture of “emotion‐free” empathy and authoritative neoliberal technologies of the self to a culturally specific Israeli notion of care which is grounded in an egalitarian ethos. I therefore showed that Israeli coaching produces a unique vernacular version of neoliberal selfhood, one infused with tensions between seemingly incompatible attitudes: self‐reflection and authoritarian assertions and a type of empathetic concern that is centered on the caregiver's assessment rather than the feelings of those being cared for.
Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, ulcerative dermatitis and haemarthrosis in a neonatal foal
Authors: du Preez S. , Hughes K. J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA 3‐day‐old Standardbred filly, born from a multiparous mare, was presented for assessment of limb swellings and reduced appetite. Physical examination revealed tachycardia, multifocal petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages, stiff gait, polysynovial effusion, as well as erosions, multifocal crusting and erythema of the skin. Laboratory examinations revealed adequate transfer of passive immunity, marked thrombocytopenia, moderate neutropenia and anaemia. Aerobic bacterial blood culture was negative. Sanguineous fluid, consistent with haemarthrosis, was obtained by synoviocentesis. The foal was successfully managed with the administration of blood transfusions, an immunosuppressive regimen of corticosteroid medication, systemic antimicrobial medication and supportive care and recovered uneventfully. This report describes a neonatal foal with marked thrombocytopenia and signs of coagulopathy, neutropenia and ulcerative dermatitis consistent with a previously described syndrome. This case emphasises that alloimmune disease should be considered in neonatal foals with haemostatic disturbances or unexplained cytopenia.
Sarcopenia based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria and all‐cause mortality risk in older Japanese adults
Authors: Yuki Atsumu , Ando Fujiko , Otsuka Rei , Shimokata Hiroshi 
Published: March 2017

AimThe association between sarcopenia diagnosed according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and increased mortality risk is currently unknown. The present study assessed the longitudinal relationship between sarcopenia and mortality risk in an elderly Japanese population.MethodsParticipants were 720 community‐dwelling Japanese individuals aged 65–79 years at baseline (November 1997 to April 2000). The participants were followed from baseline to 31 December 2014 (mean duration 11.0 years). Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, using extremity muscle mass assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, grip strength and gait speed. A population dynamics survey was used to obtain information on deaths. The relationship between sarcopenia and mortality was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for potential confounders, including age at baseline, body mass index, total caloric intake, alcohol intake, current smoking habits, leisure‐time physical activity and the number of current diseases.ResultsThe fully adjusted hazard ratio for all‐cause mortality among men in the sarcopenia group was 1.95 (95% confidence interval 1.04–3.67) compared with that in the normal group. No significant association between sarcopenia and all‐cause mortality was observed among women.ConclusionThe complications of sarcopenia, including low muscle mass, low grip strength and low gait speed, appear to be significant risks for mortality in older Japanese men. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1642–1647.
Ezetimibe for the treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Nakade Yukiomi , Murotani Kenta , Inoue Tadahisa , Kobayashi Yuji , Yamamoto Takaya , Ishii Norimitsu , Ohashi Tomohiko , Ito Kiyoaki , Fukuzawa Yoshitaka , Yoneda Masashi 
Published: March 2017

AimSeveral studies on the efficacy of ezetimibe, a potent inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, in treating non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been published; however, the results are inconsistent. We undertook a meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy of ezetimibe in treating NAFLD and NASH.MethodsPubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library Full Text Database were searched until June 2016. The main inclusion criteria included original studies investigating the use of ezetimibe for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH. Identification of published work and data extraction were carried out by two reviewers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All analyses were carried out using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis version 3 software.ResultsAn initial search identified 103 peer‐reviewed articles and abstracts. Six studies (two randomized controlled and four single‐arm trials) involving 273 participants with NAFLD and NASH were identified. Ezetimibe significantly reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase levels, and hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning. However, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis did not improve by ezetimibe treatment in patients with NAFLD and NASH. In randomized controlled trials, only hepatocyte ballooning improved with ezetimibe treatment.ConclusionsAlthough ezetimibe attenuated serum liver enzymes and hepatic steatosis and ballooning in six studies, it improved only hepatocyte ballooning in randomized controlled trials. Larger studies and more randomized placebo‐controlled trials are necessary to determine the effects of ezetimibe on NAFLD and NASH.