bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometrische Ersatzimperfektionen für Biegeknicken um die starke Querschnittsachse unter Berücksichtigung des Teilschnittgrößenverfahrens
Authors: Winkler Rebekka , Niebuhr Martin , Knobloch Markus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Rolf Kindmann zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahrs gewidmetEinen wesentlichen Bestandteil der Veröffentlichung stellt die Entwicklung erforderlicher Ersatzimperfektionen unter Verwendung des Teilschnittgrößenverfahrens für gewalzte doppeltsymmetrische I‐/H‐Querschnitte für den Stabilitätsfall Biegeknicken starke Achse dar. Als Grundlage dienen Ergebnisse numerischer Simulationen, aus denen erforderliche Ersatzimperfektionen zurück gerechnet und mit bestehenden Ansätzen verglichen werden. Hierbei werden sowohl Ansätze zu Ersatzimperfektionen als auch Ergänzungen zu höherfesten Stählen (bis S700) mit einbezogen, welche im Zuge der Überarbeitung der aktuell gültigen Stahlbaunorm (prEN 1993‐1‐1:2017) diskutiert werden. Ergänzend wird ein Vorschlag für das Ersatzimperfektionsverfahren unter Verwendung des Teilschnittgrößenverfahrens für den Fall Biegeknicken starke Achse unterbreitet.
Schauspielhaus Dresden – Revitalisierung und Ausbau der Tragkonstruktionen des Bühnendaches
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Fuchs Alexander , Oertel Roland 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Rolf Kindmann zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres gewidmetDas als Königliches Schauspielhaus im Zeitraum von Dezember 1911 bis zum September 1913 errichtete Theatergebäude hat eine wechselvolle Geschichte erfahren. Hierzu gehörten die Zerstörungen am 13. und 14. Februar 1945 durch die alliierten Luftangriffe auf Dresden und der unmittelbare Wiederaufbau mit den bescheidenen Mitteln der Nachkriegsjahre. Zu DDR‐Zeiten wurde das Gebäude als multifunktionale Veranstaltungsstätte für Oper, Ballett, Schauspiel und Staatskapelle genutzt, da die naheliegende Semperoper noch durch Kriegsschäden zerstört war und erst im Februar 1985 erneut in Betrieb gehen konnte. Nach der „Wende” wurde ein Architekturwettbewerb ausgelobt, der als einen der wesentlichen Eingriffe die Abtragung und den Neuaufbau des Zuschauerraumes vorsah. Gegen zeitgemäße Entwürfe konnte sich der Vorschlag des Dresdener Architekturbüros Hänsch zu einer Rekonstruktion in enger Anlehnung an den Zustand von 1913 durchsetzen, der bis zum September 1995 umgesetzt wurde. Beim Hochwasser im August 2002 wurden durch das eindringende Wasser von Elbe und Weißeritz die Unterbühne überflutet und zahlreiche technische Anlagen zerstört. Nach der Beseitigung der Flutschäden erfolgte im Jahr 2007 eine Außensanierung mit der Wiederherstellung des ehemals weißen Anstrichs des Gebäudekomplexes. Zur „Erhaltung der Spielfähigkeit” wurde das Dresdener Schauspielhaus innerhalb einer verlängerten Spielpause im Jahr 2016 umfangreich saniert und modernisiert. Zu den Maßnahmen gehörten die Modernisierung des technischen Ausbaus, insbesondere die Erneuerung der Bühnentechnik, Nachbesserungen zum Brandschutz, die Ertüchtigung des Dachtragwerks vom Bühnenturm, die Sanierung des Parketts, des Gestühls und der Dekorationsmalereien im Zuschauersaal. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden nach einem geschichtlichen Rückblick die Untersuchungen zur Standsicherheit des Dachtragwerkes vom Bühnenturm, die Modernisierung der Bühnentechnik, die Planungen zur Ertüchtigung und Ergänzungen des Stahltragwerks sowie die bauliche Umsetzung beschrieben.
Doxorubicin induces ZAKα overexpression with a subsequent enhancement of apoptosis and attenuation of survivability in human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Fu Chien‐Yao , Tseng Yan‐Shen , Chen Ming‐Cheng , Hsu Hsi‐Hsien , Yang Jaw‐Ji , Tu Chuan‐Chou , Lin Yueh‐Min , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHuman osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant cancer of the bone. It exhibits a characteristic malignant osteoblastic transformation and produces a diseased osteoid. A previous study demonstrated that doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy decreases human OS cell proliferation and might enhance the relative RNA expression of ZAK. However, the impact of ZAKα overexpression on the OS cell proliferation that is inhibited by DOX and the molecular mechanism underlying this effect are not yet known. ZAK is a protein kinase of the MAPKKK family and functions to promote apoptosis. In our study, we found that ZAKα overexpression induced an apoptotic effect in human OS cells. Treatment of human OS cells with DOX enhanced ZAKα expression and decreased cancer cell viability while increasing apoptosis of human OS cells. In the meantime, suppression of ZAKα expression using shRNA and inhibitor D1771 both suppressed the DOX therapeutic effect. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying the DOX effect on human OS cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ZAKα enhances the apoptotic effect and decreases cell viability in DOX‐treated human OS cells.
Measurement of spectra over the Bolund hill in wind tunnel
Authors: Cuerva‐Tejero Alvaro , Avila‐Sánchez Sergio , Gallego‐Castillo Cristóbal , López‐García Óscar , Pérez‐Alvarez Javier , Yeow Tee Seong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe have determined the normal Reynolds stresses and spectra of the wind velocity over a 1:115 scale mock‐up of the Bolund hill. The experiment was run in a neutral boundary layer wind tunnel using 3‐component hot‐wire velocimetry, 2‐component particle image velocimetry, and a high‐precision traversing system. Spectra have been determined at different points along transects at 2 and 5 m height above ground level. The experiment was run for 270° wind direction and for two Reynolds numbers,
and
, based on the maximum height of the hill and the free wind speed at this height. Our results show how the normalized power spectral density
changes over the hill. The analysis of the normalized streamwise spectrum at 2 m height, just after the escarpment, reveals that part of the energy is concentrated in the interval of normalized frequencies nh≈0.01−0.02, which could be a signature of a weakened “flapping” phenomenon described in the literature for flows over forward facing steps. The departure of the spectra slope in the inertial subrange, from the value −5/3, was found to be correlated with the hill geometry.
Role of protein carbonylation in diabetes
Authors: Hecker Markus , Wagner Andreas H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by, among others, elevated blood glucose levels. Hyperglycaemia as well as enhanced levels of glucose‐derived reactive metabolites contribute to the development of diabetic complications partly via increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are not only part of signaling pathways themselves but also lead to carbonylation of particular amino acid side chains by direct metal‐catalyzed oxidation. In addition, carbonyl groups can be introduced into proteins indirectly by non‐oxidative covalent adduction of reactive carbonyl species generated by the oxidation of lipids or carbohydrates. Both direct and indirect carbonylation mechanisms may affect protein conformation, activity, and function. Herein we introduce the different mechanisms of the carbonylation reaction, discuss degradation mechanisms, and the fate of proteins modified this way and how the overall degree of carbonylation affects protein homeostasis and function differently. The role of protein carbonylation in metabolic control systems and cell signaling are also summarized. Finally, current diagnostic and antioxidant therapeutic options in diabetes are discussed.
Priapism in a Fabry disease mouse model is associated with upregulated penile nNOS and eNOS expression
Authors: Meng Xing‐Li , Arning Erland , Wight‐Carter Mary , Day Taniqua S. , Jabbarzadeh‐Tabrizi Siamak , Chen Shuyuan , Ziegler Robin J. , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Schneider Jay W. , Cheng Seng H. , Schiffmann Raphael , Shen Jin‐Song 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFabry disease is a glycosphingolipidosis caused by deficient activity of α‐galactosidase A; it is one of a few diseases that are associated with priapism, an abnormal prolonged erection of the penis. The goal of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of Fabry disease‐associated priapism in a mouse model of the disease. We found that Fabry mice develop late‐onset priapism. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which was predominantly present as the 120‐kDa N‐terminus‐truncated form, was significantly upregulated in the penis of 18‐month‐old Fabry mice compared to wild type controls (~fivefold). Endothelial NOS (eNOS) was also upregulated (~twofold). NO level in penile tissues of Fabry mice was significantly higher than wild type controls at 18 months. Gene transfer‐mediated enzyme replacement therapy reversed abnormal nNOS expression in the Fabry mouse penis. The penile nNOS level was restored by antiandrogen treatment, suggesting that hyperactive androgen receptor signaling in Fabry mice may contribute to nNOS upregulation. However, the phosphodiesterase‐5A expression level and the adenosine content in the penis, which are known to play roles in the development of priapism in other etiologies, were unchanged in Fabry mice. In conclusion, these data suggested that increased nNOS (and probably eNOS) content and the consequential elevated NO production and high arterial blood flow in the penis may be the underlying mechanism of priapism in Fabry mice. Furthermore, in combination with previous findings, this study suggested that regulation of NOS expression is susceptible to α‐galactosidase A deficiency, and this may represent a general pathogenic mechanism of Fabry vasculopathy.
A new design principle of robust onion-like networks self-organized in growth
Authors: HAYASHI YUKIO 
Published: November 2017

AbstractToday's economy, production activity, and our life are sustained by social and technological network infrastructures, while new threats of network attacks by destructing loops have been found recently in network science. We inversely take into account the weakness, and propose a new design principle for incrementally growing robust networks. The networks are self-organized by enhancing interwoven long loops. In particular, we consider the range-limited approximation of linking by intermediations in a few hops, and show the strong robustness in the growth without degrading efficiency of paths. Moreover, we demonstrate that the tolerance of connectivity is reformable even from extremely vulnerable real networks according to our proposed growing process with some investment. These results may indicate a prospective direction to the future growth of our network infrastructures.
Relations Between FUV Excess and Coronal Soft X-Ray Emission Among Dwarf Stars
Authors: Smith Graeme H. , Hargrave Mason , Eckholm Elliot 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe far-ultraviolet magnitudes of late-F, G and early-K dwarfs with (B − V) ⩾ 0.50 as measured by the GALEX satellite are shown to correlate with soft X-ray luminosity. This result indicates that line and continuum emission from stellar active regions make significant contributions to the flux in the GALEX FUV band for late-F, G and K dwarfs. By contrast, detection of a correlation between FUV brightness and soft X-ray luminosity among early-F dwarfs requires subtraction of the photospheric component from the FUV flux. The range in (B − V) among F and G dwarfs over which a correlation between uncorrected FUV magnitude and X-ray luminosity is detected coincides with the range in colour over which coronal and chromospheric emission correlates with stellar rotation.
SELF-DEFENCE AGAINST NON-STATE ACTORS: ARE POWERFUL STATES WILLING BUT UNABLE TO CHANGE INTERNATIONAL LAW?
Authors: Brunnée Jutta , Toope Stephen J 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCan a few primarily Western States expand the right to self-defence against non-State actors, incorporating the unwilling or unable standard? Even on a traditional reading of customary law formation, the answer is no because proponents have failed to attract consistent and widespread support. What is more, using our interactional international law approach, we show that efforts to date have not been successful because they have failed to address fundamental rule of law concerns. The current state of world politics has perhaps caught proponents of the unwilling or unable standard in a difficult bind. We suggest how proponents might carefully develop the law on self-defence against non-State actors.
Combining ability and performance of extra-early maturing yellow maize inbreds in hybrid combinations under drought and rain-fed conditions
Authors: AKAOGU I. C. , BADU-APRAKU B. , ADETIMIRIN V. O. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYMaize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food and cash crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, its production and productivity are severely constrained by drought. A total of 120 single-cross hybrids and an open-pollinated control variety were evaluated for 2 years at two locations under managed drought and rain-fed conditions in Nigeria. The objective of the present study was to assess their performance, classify them into distinct heterotic groups and identify promising hybrids for commercialization in the West and Central Africa sub-region. General combining ability and specific combining ability mean squares were highly significant for grain yield and other traits under the research environments. However, there was a preponderance of additive gene action over non-additive. Only six out of 39 inbreds were classified into distinct heterotic groups by the testers. The highest-yielding drought-tolerant hybrid, TZEEI 102 × TZEEI 95, out-yielded the open-pollinated control variety by 43·70%. The average yield reduction under drought was 54·90% of the yield under rain-fed conditions. The hybrids TZEEI 81 × TZEE1 79, TZEEI 100 × TZEEI 63 and TZEEI 64 × TZEEI 79 were the highest-yielding and most stable across environments. These outstanding drought-tolerant hybrids, which are also resistant to Striga, have the potential to contribute to food security and increased incomes in SSA and should be tested extensively on-farm and commercialized.
Electrode design and insertional depth-dependent intra-cochlear pressure changes: a model experiment
Authors: Mittmann P , Ernst A , Todt I 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground:Preservation of residual hearing is one of the major goals in modern cochlear implant surgery. Intra-cochlear fluid pressure changes influence residual hearing, and should be kept low before, during and after cochlear implant insertion.Methods:Experiments were performed in an artificial cochlear model. A pressure sensor was inserted in the apical part. Five insertions were performed on two electrode arrays. Each insertion was divided into three parts, and statistically evaluated in terms of pressure peak frequency and pressure peak amplitude.Results:The peak frequency over each third part of the electrode increased in both electrode arrays. A slight increase was seen in peak amplitude in the lateral wall electrode array, but not in the midscalar electrode array. Significant differences were found in the first third of both electrode arrays.Conclusion:The midscalar and lateral wall electrode arrays have different intra-cochlear fluid pressure changes associated with intra-cochlear placement, electrode characteristics and insertion.
Photosynthetic water splitting by the Mn4Ca2+OX catalyst of photosystem II: its structure, robustness and mechanism
Authors: Barber James 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe biological energy cycle of our planet is driven by photosynthesis whereby sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and other accessory pigments. The excitation energy is then efficiently transferred to a reaction centre where charge separation occurs in a few picoseconds. In the case of photosystem II (PSII), the energy of the charge transfer state is used to split water into oxygen and reducing equivalents. This is accomplished by the relatively low energy content of four photons of visible light. PSII is a large multi-subunit membrane protein complex embedded in the lipid environment of the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Four high energy electrons, together with four protons (4H+), are used to reduce plastoquinone (PQ), the terminal electron acceptor of PSII, to plastoquinol (PQH2). PQH2 passes its reducing equivalents to an electron transfer chain which feeds into photosystem I (PSI) where they gain additional reducing potential from a second light reaction which is necessary to drive CO2 reduction. The catalytic centre of PSII consists of a cluster of four Mn ions and a Ca2+ linked by oxo bonds. In addition, there are seven amino acid ligands. In this Article, I discuss the structure of this metal cluster, its stability and the probability that an acid-base (nucleophilic-electrophilic) mechanism catalyses the water splitting reaction on the surface of the metal-cluster. Evidence for this mechanism is presented from studies on water splitting catalysts consisting of organo-complexes of ruthenium and manganese and also by comparison with the enzymology of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH). Finally the relevance of our understanding of PSII is discussed in terms of artificial photosynthesis with emphasis on inorganic water splitting catalysts as oxygen generating photoelectrodes.
Article choice, theory of mind, and memory in children with high-functioning autism and children with specific language impairment
Authors: SCHAEFFER JEANNETTE , VAN WITTELOOSTUIJN MEREL , CREEMERS AVA 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPrevious studies show that young, typically developing (TD) children (<age 5) and children with specific language impairment (SLI; >age 5) make errors in the choice between a definite and an indefinite article. Suggested explanations for overgeneration of the definite article include failure to distinguish speaker from hearer assumptions, and for overgeneration of the indefinite article failure to draw scalar implicatures, and weak working memory. However, no direct empirical evidence for these accounts is available. In this study, 27 Dutch-speaking children with high-functioning autism, 27 children with SLI, and 27 TD children aged 5–14 were administered a pragmatic article choice test, a nonverbal theory of mind test, and three types of memory tests (phonological memory, verbal, and nonverbal working memory). The results show that the children with high-functioning autism and SLI (a) make similar errors, that is, they overgenerate the indefinite article; (b) are TD-like at theory of mind, but (c) perform significantly more poorly than the TD children on phonological memory and verbal working memory. We propose that weak memory skills prevent the integration of the definiteness scale with the preceding discourse, resulting in the failure to consistently draw the relevant scalar implicature. This in turn yields the occasional erroneous choice of the indefinite articleain definite contexts.
Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonelladiarrhoeal infection among children in Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq
Authors: HARB A. , O'DEA M. , HANAN Z. K. , ABRAHAM S. , HABIB I. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYWe conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study among children aged <5 years in Thi-Qar Governorate, south-eastern Iraq, in order to examine the prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance associated with gastroenteritis caused bySalmonellainfection. From 320 diarrhoea cases enrolled between March and August 2016, 33 (10·3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8·4–12·4) cases were stool culture-positive for non-typhoidalSalmonella enterica. The most commonly identified serovar was Typhimurium (54%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ofSalmonellainfection in children from households supplied by pipe water was 4·7 (95% CI 1·6–13·9) times higher compared with those supplied with reverse osmosis treated water. Similarly, children from households with domestic animals were found to have a higher odds (OR 10·5; 95% CI 3·8–28·4) of beingSalmonellastool culture-positive. The likelihood ofSalmonellainfection was higher (OR 3·9; 95% CI 1·0–6·4) among children belonging to caregiver with primaryvs. tertiary education levels. Lower odds (OR 0·4; 95% CI 0·1–0·9) ofSalmonellainfection were associated with children exclusively breast fed as compared with those exclusively bottle fed.Salmonellainfection was three times lower (95% CI 0·1–0·7) in children belonging to caregiver who reported always washing hands after cleaning children following defecation,vs.those belonging to caregivers who did not wash hands. The antimicrobial resistance profile by disc diffusion revealed that non-susceptibility to tetracycline (78·8%), azithromycin (66·7%) and ciprofloxacin (57·6%) were the most commonly seen, and 84·9% ofSalmonellaisolates were classified as multi-drug resistant. This is the first study on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonellainfection among children in this setting. This work provides specific epidemiological data which are crucial to understand and combat paediatric diarrhoea in Iraq.
Anaplasmataceae agents among wild mammals and ectoparasites in Brazil
Authors: DE SOUSA K. C. M. , CALCHI A. C. , HERRERA H. M. , DUMLER J. S. , BARROS-BATTESTI D. M. , MACHADO R. Z. , ANDRÉ M. R. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYAnaplasmataceae agents comprise obligate intracellular bacteria that can cause disease in humans and animals. Between August 2013 and March 2015, 31Nasua nasua(coati), 78Cerdocyon thous(crab-eating fox), sevenLeopardus pardalis(ocelot), 110 wild rodents, 30 marsupials, and 42 dogs were sampled in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. In addition, ectoparasites found parasitizing the animals were collected and identified. The present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of Anaplasmataceae agents in wild mammals, domestic dogs and ectoparasites, by molecular and serological techniques. Overall, 14 (17·9%)C. thous, seven (16·6%) dogs and one (3·2%)N. nasuawere seroreactive toEhrlichia canis. Nine dogs, twoC. thous,oneN. nasua, eight wild rodents, five marsupials, eightAmblyomma sculptum,fourAmblyomma parvum,13A. sculptumnymphal pools, twoAmblyommalarvae pools and onePolygenis (Polygenis) bohlsi bohlsiflea pool were positive forEhrlichiaspp. closely related toE. canis. SevenN. nasua, two dogs, oneC. thous,oneL. pardalis, four wild rodents, three marsupials, 15A. sculptum, twoAmblyomma ovale,twoA. parvumand oneAmblyommaspp. larval pools were positive forAnaplasmaspp. closely related toA. phagocytophilumorA. bovis. The present study provided evidence that wild animals from Brazilian Pantanal are exposed to Anaplasmataceae agents.