bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Renal Transplantation in Patients with Pre‐existing Hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Lund K. P. , Bruunsgaard H. , Marquart H. V. , Sørensen S. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) is well‐characterized as a common phenomenon after kidney transplantation. However, no reports of pre‐existing HGG from kidney transplantation seem to be available. We have reviewed three patients who developed HGG prior to kidney transplantation, and all three were treated successfully with immunoglobulin replacement therapy before and after kidney transplantation. The kidney grafts were functioning at follow‐up 1.5–8 years (mean: 3.6 years) after transplantation, and there were no diagnosed episodes of clinical rejections and no severe infection complications post‐transplantation.
Suicide Ideation and Acceptability Toward Online Help‐Seeking
Authors: Wilks Chelsey R. , Coyle Trevor N. , Krek Maya , Lungu Anita , Andriani Kohjiro 
Published: May 2017

Suicidal individuals are unlikely to engage in face‐to‐face treatment. The Internet is emerging as an innovative approach for intervention delivery, particularly for those unable or unwilling to attend traditional treatment. Participants (N = 459) were recruited to fill out online questionnaires on suicide ideation and help‐seeking modality preference. The majority of participants endorsed preferring face‐to‐face help over web‐based help. Results from multinominal logistic regression indicated that suicide ideation was significantly related to preferring online methods versus face‐to‐face methods. This study highlights that the Internet can provide a novel platform to treat individuals at risk of suicide.
A risk‐adapted approach to treating respiratory syncytial virus and human parainfluenza virus in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients with oral ribavirin therapy: A pilot study
Authors: Piñana José Luis , Hernández‐Boluda Juan Carlos , Calabuig Marisa , Ballester Isabel , Marín Manuela , Madrid Silvia , Teruel Anabel , Terol María‐José , Navarro David , Solano Carlos 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHere we report the applicability of a protocol based on clinical conditions and risk factors (RFs) for managing 35 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) recipients who developed a total of 52 episodes of respiratory viral infections (RVIs) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; n=19), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV; n=29), or both (n=4) over a 2‐year study period. Risk categories were classified as high risk (cat‐1) when the immunodeficiency scoring index was ≥3 and/or ≥3 RFs and/or ≥1 co‐infective virus(es) were present; the remaining cases were classified as low risk (cat‐0). The presence of two or more signs or symptoms including fever (T>38 °C), sinusitis, otitis, sore throat, tonsillitis, or baseline C‐reactive protein increased by >2‐fold at the time of the RVI, was considered a clinically‐intense episode (CIE). Overall, 34 out of 52 episodes (65%) were limited to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Overall, 26 (50%) received oral ribavirin. Twenty‐four of 40 (60%) cat‐1 episodes were treated, compared to 2 of 12 (17%) cat‐0 RVIs (P=.01), while 17 of the 25 (68%) CIEs were treated compared to 9 of the remaining 27 (33%) episodes (P=.02). Regardless of antiviral therapy, the overall resolution rate was 100% for URTI and 95% for lower respiratory tract infection; the virus‐related mortality was low (4%). In conclusion, the use of a risk‐adapted protocol to guide therapeutic decisions for allo‐HSCT recipients with RSV or HPIV RVIs is feasible and may limit unnecessary antiviral therapy.
Analysis of transcriptional and epigenetic changes in hybrid vigor of allopolyploid Brassica napus uncovers key roles for small RNAs
Authors: Shen Yifei , Sun Shuo , Hua Shuijin , Shen Enhui , Ye Chu‐Yu , Cai Daguang , Timko Michael P. , Zhu Qian‐Hao , Fan Longjiang 
Published: May 2017

SummaryHeterosis is a fundamental biological phenomenon characterized by the superior performance of a hybrid compared with its parents. The underlying molecular basis for heterosis, particularly for allopolyploids, remains elusive. In this study we analyzed the transcriptomes of Brassica napus parental lines and their F1 hybrids at three stages of early flower development. Phenotypically, the F1 hybrids show remarkable heterosis in silique number and grain yield. Transcriptome analysis revealed that various phytohormone (auxin and salicylic acid) response genes are significantly altered in the F1 hybrids relative to the parental lines. We also found evidence for decreased expression divergence of the homoeologous gene pairs in the allopolyploid F1 hybrids and suggest that high‐parental expression‐level dominance plays an important role in heterosis. Small RNA and methylation studies aimed at examining the epigenetic effect of the changes in gene expression level in the F1 hybrids showed that the majority of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) clusters had a higher expression level in the F1 hybrids than in the parents, and that there was an increase in genome‐wide DNA methylation in the F1 hybrid. Transposable elements associated with siRNA clusters had a higher level of methylation and a lower expression level in the F1 hybrid, implying that the non‐additively expressed siRNA clusters resulted in lower activity of the transposable elements through DNA methylation in the hybrid. Our data provide insights into the role that changes in gene expression pattern and epigenetic mechanisms contribute to heterosis during early flower development in allopolyploid B. napus.
Hematologic and biochemical RIs for an aged population of captive African Green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)
Authors: Scallan Elizabeth M. , Sample Saundra H. , Beierschmitt Amy M. , Palmour Roberta M. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundEstablished RIs for geriatric African Green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are critical for clinical differentiation of normal aging from disease‐related changes in this population.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to establish hematologic and serum biochemical RIs for a Caribbean captive population of geriatric (≥ 15 years of age) African Green monkeys, or Vervets.MethodsInclusion and exclusion criteria were defined for a cohort of 109 healthy, aged (15‐ to 30‐year‐old, median 19‐year‐old) Vervets. Both male (34) and female (75) monkeys were included in RI generation. Complete manual and analyzer‐generated blood counts and serum biochemistry profiles were performed at Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, St. Kitts, West Indies. All results were evaluated using Reference Value Advisor. Isolated outliers were identified using Dixon's outlier range statistic and not included in determination of RIs for individual analytes. Reference intervals were determined using parametric and nonparametric methods depending on the distribution. Data, including mean, median, maximum, and minimum values, were tabulated.ResultsOf the 109 animals, 12 monkeys were excluded due to abnormal physical examination results (2 monkeys), and ≥ 2 confirmed outliers (9 monkeys), or evidence of disease based on laboratory data (one monkey).ConclusionsThis study provides useful RIs for assessment of hematology and serum biochemical variables in a geriatric population of African Green monkeys in the Caribbean.
Assembling a state‐wide patient blood management program as a standard of care: the Western Australian experience
Authors: Gallagher T. , Leahy M. F. , Darby S. , Campbell L. , Howman R. , Watts S. , Vodanovich M. , Tovey J. , Esson A. , Koay A. 
Published: May 2017

Background and ObjectivesPatient blood management (PBM) programs seek to improve clinical outcomes by avoiding unnecessary exposure to blood products. Recognising the risks of anaemia and immunomodulatory impacts of transfusions, PBM uses multidisciplinary and multimodal preventive measures to reduce the need for transfusions. To our knowledge, the Western Australian patient blood management program is the first specifically state‐government funded state‐wide program. We describe the implementation process and outcomes of this unique program from 2008 to 2015.Materials and MethodsImplementation was undertaken within four metropolitan tertiary hospitals using a multimodal, multidisciplinary team approach. This included appointment of hospital‐based PBM medical and nursing staff, education of clinical staff, provision of individualised data to support change in clinical practice, development of care pathways to ensure screening and correction of preoperative anaemia and involvement of primary care.ResultsThese interventions achieved a decline in transfusion rates and red cell utilisation despite an increasing population and hospital activity.ConclusionKey elements of program success included appointment of hospital‐based PBM staff, establishment of multidisciplinary committees with support from enthusiastic clinical staff, data provision to hospital departments and the national and international context in which this work occurred. Lessons learned included overestimating the value of staff education and culture change alone.
Colonic or ileocecocolic volvulus in 13 dogs (2005‐2016)
Authors: Plavec Tanja , Rupp Stefan , Kessler Martin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical and clinicopathological features of colonic or ileocecocolic volvulus (CV/ICV) in dogs.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsThirteen dogs with surgically confirmed CV/ICV.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for signalment, medical history, clinical signs, laboratory data, radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome.ResultsAll cases consisted of large‐breed dogs (median weight 37.1 kg, range, 22.7‐58.5 kg), 8 of these male (6 intact). The most common clinical signs included vomiting, depression, inappetence, and diarrhea with or without tenesmus. All cases presented in shock with abdominal distension, abdominal pain, or both. Dogs were treated for shock and operated immediately after a presumptive diagnosis was based on clinical and radiographic examinations. Three dogs were euthanatized during surgery, 10 dogs were discharged live from the hospital, 9 of these were alive at follow‐up 6 to 70 months (median 24 months) after surgery.ConclusionCV and ICV are rare disorders that seem to carry a better prognosis than mesenteric volvulus. Immediate laparotomy is recommended in suspected cases and the prognosis is fair.
First results on biostimulation of denitrifying activated sludge using low frequency ultrasound
Authors: Ben youcef Nabil , Pauss André , Sarde Claude‐Olivier , Mameri Nabil , Lounici Hakim , Abdi Nadia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractReduction of nitrate to nitrogen is critical for wastewater treatment process. The present work proposed a promising approach to improve the activity of denitrifying activated sludge by using low frequency ultrasonic treatment. Batch activity assays showed that when ultrasound was applied, denitrification performance was 2.64 higher than the control. Kinetic analysis of nitrate removal rate versus ultrasonic power and duty cycle was performed to investigate the effect of operational parameters on activated sludge activities. The best stimulating effect was observed at 40 W ultrasonic power and 40% duty cycle. The above results demonstrated that ultrasonic stimulation can be used as a technique for enhancing bacterial activities for water treatment. Studies of other parameters that also affect the denitrification under ultrasound are under way.
Differential Activity of the Oral Glucan Synthase Inhibitor SCY-078 against Wild-Type and Echinocandin-Resistant Strains of Candida Species
Authors: Pfaller Michael A. , Messer Shawn A. , Rhomberg Paul R. , Borroto-Esoda Katyna , Castanheira Mariana 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

SCY-078 (formerly MK-3118) is a novel orally active inhibitor of fungal β-(1,3)-glucan synthase (GS). SCY-078 is a derivative of enfumafungin and is structurally distinct from the echinocandin class of antifungal agents. We evaluated the
in vitro
activity of this compound against wild-type (WT) and echinocandin-resistant isolates containing mutations in the
FKS
genes of
Candida
spp. Against 36
Candida
spp.
FKS
mutants tested, 30 (83.3%) were non-WT to 1 or more echinocandins, and only 9 (25.0%) were non-WT (MIC, >WT-upper limit) to SCY-078. Among
C. glabrata
isolates carrying
FKS
alterations, 84.0% were non-WT to the echinocandins versus only 24.0% for SCY-078. In contrast to the echinocandin comparators, the activity of SCY-078 was minimally affected by the presence of
FKS
mutations, suggesting that this agent is useful in the treatment of
Candida
infections due to echinocandin-resistant strains.
Impact of HIV-1 Integrase L74F and V75I Mutations in a Clinical Isolate on Resistance to Second-Generation Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors
Authors: Hachiya Atsuko , Kirby Karen A. , Ido Yoko , Shigemi Urara , Matsuda Masakazu , Okazaki Reiko , Imamura Junji , Sarafianos Stefan G. , Yokomaku Yoshiyuki , Iwatani Yasumasa 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
A novel HIV-1 integrase mutation pattern, L74F V75I, which conferred resistance to first-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), was identified in a clinical case with virological failure under a raltegravir-based regimen. Addition of L74F V75I to N155H or G140S Q148H increased resistance levels to the second-generation INSTIs dolutegravir (>385- and 100-fold, respectively) and cabotegravir (153- and 197-fold, respectively). These findings are important for the development of an accurate system for interpretation of INSTI resistance and the rational design of next-generation INSTIs.
Coadministration of Liposomal Amphotericin B and Contrast Medium Does Not Increase Risk of Kidney Injury
Authors: O'Horo John C. , Osmon Douglas R. , Abu Saleh Omar M. , Marcelin Jasmine R. , Gharaibeh Kamel A. , Hamadah Abdurrahman M. , Barwise Amelia K. , Kayhart Bryce M. , McDonald Jennifer S. , McDonald Robert J. , Leung Nelson 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Intravenous radiographic contrast medium and amphotericin B are commonly required in the care of patients with fungal infections. Both interventions have proposed nephrotoxicity through similar mechanisms. We systematically examined patients who received coadministration of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome; GE Healthcare) and intravenous contrast medium within a 24-h period and compared the results for those patients with the results for patients who underwent non-contrast medium studies. We found 114 cases and 85 controls during our study period. Overall, no increased risk of renal injury was seen with coadministration of these 2 agents. Adjustment for age, baseline kidney function, and other clinical factors through propensity score adjustment did not change this result. Our observations suggest that, when clinically indicated, coadministration of contrast medium and liposomal amphotericin B does not present excess risk compared with that from the administration of liposomal amphotericin B alone.
Clonal Dissemination of OXA-232 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Neonates
Authors: Yin Dandan , Dong Dong , Li Ke , Zhang Lei , Liang Jianliang , Yang Yang , Wu Nana , Bao Yiyan , Wang Chuanqing , Hu Fupin 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Five OXA-232 carbapenemase-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates, belonging to the pandemic clone sequence type 15 (ST15), were isolated from neonates and coproduced
bla
CTX-M-15
and
bla
SHV-1
genes. All isolates were resistant to ertapenem (MICs of >32 μg/ml) and meropenem (MICs of 4 to 8 μg/ml) and susceptible or intermediate to imipenem (MICs of 1 to 2 μg/ml). The
bla
OXA-232
gene was located on a ColE-type transformable plasmid of 6,141 bp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of OXA-232 carbapenemase among clinical isolates in China.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159
Authors: Min Kyung R. , Galvis Adriana , Williams Brandon , Rayala Ramanjaneyulu , Cudic Predrag , Ajdic Dragana 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTDespite continuous efforts to control cariogenic dental biofilms, very few effective antimicrobial treatments exist. In this study, we characterized the activity of the novel synthetic cyclic lipopeptide 4 (CLP-4), derived from fusaricidin, against the cariogenic pathogenStreptococcus mutansUA159. We determined CLP-4's MIC, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and spontaneous resistance frequency, and we performed time-kill assays. Additionally, we assessed CLP-4's potential to inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate preformed biofilms. Our results demonstrate that CLP-4 has strong antibacterial activityin vitroand is a potent bactericidal agent with low spontaneous resistance frequency. At a low concentration of 5 μg/ml, CLP-4 completely inhibitedS. mutansUA159 biofilm formation, and at 50 μg/ml, it reduced the viability of established biofilms by >99.99%. We also assessed CLP-4's cytotoxicity and stability against proteolytic digestion. CLP-4 withstood trypsin or chymotrypsin digestion even after treatment for 24 h, and our toxicity studies showed that CLP-4 effective concentrations had negligible effects on hemolysis and the viability of human oral fibroblasts. In summary, our findings showed that CLP-4 is a potent antibacterial and antibiofilm agent with remarkable stability and low nonspecific cytotoxicity. Hence, CLP-4 is a promising novel antimicrobial peptide with potential for clinical application in the prevention and treatment of dental caries.
Phenotype and Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection
Authors: Su Lingkai , Xu Qingan , Zhang Ping , Michalek Suzanne M. , Katz Jannet 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Porphyromonas gingivalis
, a major etiologic agent of periodontitis, has been reported to induce the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC); however, little is known regarding the subpopulations of MDSC expanded by
P. gingivalis
infection. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate bone marrow and spleen cells from mice infected with
P. gingivalis
and controls for surface expression of CD11b, Ly6G, and Ly6C. To characterize the phenotype of MDSC subpopulations induced by infection, cells were sorted based on the differential expression of Ly6G and Ly6C. Moreover, since MDSC are suppressors of T cell immune activity, we determined the effect of the induced subpopulations of MDSC on the proliferative response of OVA-specific CD4
+
T cells. Lastly, the plasticity of MDSC to differentiate into osteoclasts was assessed by staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity.
P. gingivalis
infection induced the expansion of three subpopulations of MDSC (Ly6G
++
Ly6C
+
, Ly6G
+
Ly6C
++
, and Ly6G
+
Ly6C
+
); however, only CD11b
+
Ly6G
+
Ly6C
++
-expressing cells exerted a significant suppressive effect on T cell proliferation. Inhibition of proliferative responses required T cell-MDSC contact and was mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase and cationic amino acid transporter 2 via gamma interferon. Furthermore, only the CD11b
+
Ly6G
+
Ly6C
++
subpopulation of MDSC induced by
P. gingivalis
infection was able to differentiate into osteoclasts. Thus, the inflammatory response induced by
P. gingivalis
infection promotes the expansion of immune-suppressive cells and consequently the development of regulatory inhibitors that curtail the host response. Moreover, monocytic MDSC have the plasticity to differentiate into OC, thus perhaps contributing to the OC pool in states of periodontal disease.
Vacuolation Activity and Intracellular Trafficking of ArtB, the Binding Subunit of an AB5 Toxin Produced by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi
Authors: Herdman Brock P. , Paton James C. , Wang Hui , Beddoe Travis , Paton Adrienne W. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Various
Salmonella enterica
serovars, including
S. enterica
serovar Typhi, encode an AB5 toxin (ArtAB), the A subunit of which is an ADP-ribosyltransferase related to the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin. However, although the A subunit is able to catalyze ADP-ribosylation of host G proteins, a cytotoxic phenotype has yet to be identified for the holotoxin. Here we show that its B subunit pentamer (ArtB) binds to receptors on the surface of Vero (African green monkey kidney) cell, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell, U937 (human monocyte) cell, and HBMEC (human brain microvascular endothelial cell) lines. Moreover, ArtB induced marked vacuolation in all cell lines after 4 h of incubation. Further studies in Vero cells showed that vacuolation was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and was dependent on the clathrin-mediated uptake of ArtB. Vacuolation was also inhibited by treatment of cells with neuraminidase, indicating that sialylated glycans are functional receptors for ArtB. Confocal colocalization studies indicated that after cell binding and internalization, ArtB undergoes retrograde transport via early endosomes, the
trans
-Golgi network, and the Golgi apparatus, reaching the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after approximately 2 h. The onset of vacuolation also coincided with gross cytoskeletal reorganization. At later time points, ArtB colocalized with ER-Tracker Red in the vacuolar membrane, implying that vacuolation is a consequence of ER disorganization. Thus, the isolated B subunit of this cryptic AB5 toxin has significant effects on target cells with the potential to contribute directly to pathogenesis independently of the catalytic A subunit.
Involvement of Two-Component Signaling on Bacterial Motility and Biofilm Development
Authors: Prüß Birgit M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Two-component signaling is a specialized mechanism that bacteria use to respond to changes in their environment. Nonpathogenic strains of
Escherichia coli
K-12 harbor 30 histidine kinases and 32 response regulators, which form a network of regulation that integrates many other global regulators that do not follow the two-component signaling mechanism, as well as signals from central metabolism. The output of this network is a multitude of phenotypic changes in response to changes in the environment. Among these phenotypic changes, many two-component systems control motility and/or the formation of biofilm, sessile communities of bacteria that form on surfaces. Motility is the first reversible attachment phase of biofilm development, followed by a so-called swim or stick switch toward surface organelles that aid in the subsequent phases. In the mature biofilm, motility heterogeneity is generated by a combination of evolutionary and gene regulatory events.