bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of extinction properties as a function of relative humidity using a κ-EC-Mie model in Nanjing
Authors: Zhang Zefeng , Shen Yan , Li Yanwei , Zhu Bin , Yu Xingna 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The relationship between relative humidity (RH) and extinction properties is of widespread concern. In this study, a hygroscopic parameter (κ) and the volume fraction of elemental carbon (EC) were used to characterize the chemical characteristics of particles, and a core-shell model was built based on these characteristics. The size distribution, chemical composition, and RH were measured in Nanjing from 15 October to 13 November 2013. The model-derived extinction coefficients of particles were fit with the program of coated spheres according to Bohren and Huffman (2008) (BHCOAT), and the modeled values correlated well with the measurement-derived extinction coefficients (r2 = 0. 81), which suggested that the core-shell model produced reasonable results. The results show that more than 81 % of the extinction coefficient in Nanjing was due to particles in the 0.2–1.0 µm size range. Under dry conditions, the higher mass fraction of particles in the 0.2–1.0 µm size range caused the higher extinction coefficient. An increase in RH led to a significant increase in the extinction coefficient, although the increases differed among the different size segments. For λ = 550 nm, the extinction coefficient from the 0.01–0.2, 0.2–0.5, and 1.0–2.0 µm size ranges increased significantly with the increase in RH, whereas the extinction contributions from the 0.5–1.0 and 2.0–10.0 µm size ranges to the extinction coefficient decreased slightly.
Cybersecurity: waar is de bestuurskunde?
Authors: van Leeuwen Michel , Ghaoui Nelly 
Published: March 2017

Cybersecurity: where is the public administration?
In this article the case is made that, unjustly, there is a lack of interest in the topic of cybersecurity of on the part of public administration scholars and professionals in the topic of cybersecurity. ICT has become persistent in society and so has cybercrime, cyber sabotage and cyberespionage. The threats are real and growing. There is market failure and consequently there is a need for government intervention. This poses new challenges to governments as jurisdiction problems and sovereignty-issues arise, together with the dominance of private actors. The authors argue that a multistakeholder approach in such a networked environment is crucial but not sufficient. The concepts of Lessig and Thaler/Sunstein are used to sketch new and broader potential policy strategies.
Informatieveiligheid: de digitale veerkracht van Nederlandse overheden
Authors: de Hingh Anne , Lodder Arno R. 
Published: March 2017

Cybersecurity: The digital resilience of Dutch governments
Cybersecurity is becoming increasingly vulnerable. DDos attacks, phishing e-mails, ransomware, Russian hacker attacks on the head office of a political party are all part of our daily online businesses, for governments too. Governments play various roles here. They are internet users and rely on information on the internet. They are also suppliers of online information and in these roles they are connected to citizens, companies and other governmental organisations. Because of the role they play in society, the government possesses huge quantities of – often sensitive – information. They have the legal and moral obligation to be careful with this information and to secure it properly. Providing adequate security for information, however, is not an easy task for governments, especially because they usually do not operate in isolation. What factors threaten the security of government information and the systems involved? And who is accountable for the security of the information chains that are becoming complex as a consequence of cooperation between organisations?
Het stelsel van informatieveiligheid: een essay over hoe we moeten leren er klaar voor te zijn
Authors: Wesseling Henk , Boot Jeroen , Kisteman Wouter , van der Voort Haiko 
Published: March 2017

The system of cybersecurity: an essay about how we must learn to be prepared
Government cybersecurity requires action from many public and private actors. Both collective knowledge and collective priority are needed to ensure cybersecurity at a government level. This makes collective learning essential. There is a system of arrangements that includes all kinds of governmental organisations and private parties. How can learning be stimulated in this system? And what is the need for steering here? This article provides answers to these questions, based on the contributions in this special issue. We conclude that both central control and self-regulation are essential to cybersecurity, even if they are in conflict. We coin the term ‘complimentary self-regulation’. We also conclude that many arrangements have been developed or are under development, however, it is difficult to institutionalise the coherence between these initiatives. There is a long road ahead in terms of gaining a collective understanding. Cybersecurity and its organisation will probably not vanish from the administrative agenda any time soon.
Medical Students as Systems Ethnographers: Exploring Patient Experiences and Systems Vulnerabilities in the Emergency Department
Authors: Gonzalo Jed D. , Graaf Deanna , Kass Lawrence E. , Promes Susan B. , Wolpaw Daniel R. , George Daniel R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives were 1) to design systems ethnography roles for first‐year medical students that could enhance student learning with regard to healthcare systems, ethnography, and systems thinking and 2) to describe strategies for other education programs seeking to implement systems ethnography roles in clinical settings.MethodsFourteen medical students were educated about ethnography and systems thinking and linked with patients in the emergency department (ED) for 12 to 15 hours to observe patient experiences and clinical processes. Students submitted written assignments, participated in a debriefing exercise with ED and medical education leadership, and completed an electronic survey regarding educational benefits and perceived clinical value conferred to the ED using 5‐point Likert‐scale questions. Qualitative methods were used to analyze both students’ assignments and notes taken during the debriefing session, including small‐group report‐outs and discussions, and to identify vulnerabilities in the patient experience.ResultsStudents identified one overarching theme of the patient experience—prolonged waiting in close proximity to the fast‐paced, hectic “world” of the ED. Four key categories of systems vulnerabilities were identified through student observations: 1) patient experience; 2) communication and collaboration; 3) processes, physical space, and resources; and 4) professionalism. Students reported improved appreciation for challenges experienced by patients (3.92/5), importance of communication between providers and patients (3.92/5), and improved understanding of the patient experience while receiving care (3.77/5).ConclusionsThese results demonstrate how innovative systems ethnography experiences for medical students can provide unique educational opportunities while at the same time adding value by highlighting shortcomings in the care environment that can be used for system improvement.
Population‐Specific Resequencing Associates the ATP‐Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 4 Gene With Gout in New Zealand Māori and Pacific Men
Authors: Tanner Callum , Boocock James , Stahl Eli A. , Dobbyn Amanda , Mandal Asim K. , Cadzow Murray , Phipps‐Green Amanda J. , Topless Ruth K. , Hindmarsh Jennie Harré , Stamp Lisa K. , Dalbeth Nicola , Choi Hyon K. , Mount David B. , Merriman Tony R. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThere is no evidence for a genetic association between organic anion transporters 1–3 (SLC22A6, SLC22A7, and SLC22A8) and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4; encoded by ABCC4) with the levels of serum urate or gout. The Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) population of New Zealand has the highest prevalence of gout worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine whether any Polynesian population–specific genetic variants in SLC22A6–8 and ABCC4 are associated with gout.MethodsAll participants had ≥3 self‐reported Māori and/or Pacific grandparents. Among the total sample set of 1,808 participants, 191 hyperuricemic and 202 normouricemic individuals were resequenced over the 4 genes, and the remaining 1,415 individuals were used for replication. Regression analyses were performed, adjusting for age, sex, and Polynesian ancestry. To study the functional effect of nonsynonymous variants of ABCC4, transport assays were performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.ResultsA total of 39 common variants were detected, with an ABCC4 variant (rs4148500) significantly associated with hyperuricemia and gout. This variant was monomorphic for the urate‐lowering allele in Europeans. There was evidence for an association of rs4148500 with gout in the resequenced samples (odds ratio [OR] 1.62 [P = 0.012]) that was replicated (OR 1.25 [P = 0.033]) and restricted to men (OR 1.43 [P = 0.001] versus OR 0.98 [P = 0.89] in women). The gout risk allele was associated with fractional excretion of uric acid in male individuals (β = −0.570 [P = 0.01]). A rare population‐specific allele (P1036L) with predicted strong functional consequence reduced the uric acid transport activity of ABCC4 by 30%.ConclusionAn association between ABCC4 and gout and fractional excretion of uric acid is consistent with the established role of MRP4 as a unidirectional renal uric acid efflux pump.
Field implementation feasibility study of cumulative travel‐time responsive (CTR) traffic signal control algorithm
Authors: Choi Saerona , Park Byungkyu Brian , Lee Joyoung , Lee Haengju , Son Sang Hyuk 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe cumulative travel‐time responsive (CTR) algorithm determines optimal green split for the next time interval by identifying the maximum cumulative travel time (CTT) estimated under the connected vehicle environment. This paper enhanced the CTR algorithm and evaluated its performance to verify a feasibility of field implementation in a near future. Standard Kalman filter (SKF) and adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) were applied to estimate CTT for each phase in the CTR algorithm. In addition, traffic demand, market penetration rate (MPR), and data availability were considered to evaluate the CTR algorithm's performance. An intersection in the Northern Virginia connected vehicle test bed is selected for a case study and evaluated within vissim and hardware in the loop simulations. As expected, the CTR algorithm's performance depends on MPR because the information collected from connected vehicle is a key enabling factor of the CTR algorithm. However, this paper found that the MPR requirement of the CTR algorithm could be addressed (i) when the data are collected from both connected vehicle and the infrastructure sensors and (ii) when the AKF is adopted. The minimum required MPRs to outperform the actuated traffic signal control were empirically found for each prediction technique (i.e., 30% for the SKF and 20% for the AKF) and data availability. Even without the infrastructure sensors, the CTR algorithm could be implemented at an intersection with high traffic demand and 50–60% MPR. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the field implementation of the CTR algorithm to improve the traffic network performance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rational Method for Improving the Performance of Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries: Coating the Separator with Lithium Fluoride
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Peng , Dai Jianhui , Shen Xiu , Peng Yueying , Zhang Yiyong , Zhao Jinbao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSulfur, as a cathode material in lithium−sulfur batteries, has a very high theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh g−1, but there is still a large challenge, because of polysulfides’ (PSs) that cause a severe shuttle effect. To suppress this effect, a simple way of modifying separator by introducing lithium fluoride (LiF) as a coating layer was developed. Owing to the interaction between LiF and dimethoxymethane (DME, an electrolyte solvent), a dense and viscous sol layer was formed that suppresses PSs passing from the cathode to the anode. The presence of this layer was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric, and scanning electron microscopy. The linear sweep voltammetry test had shown that the LiF‐coated separator had a wide electrochemical window above 5 V vs. Li/Li+, and the cell assembled with the LiF‐coated separator exhibited an excellent cycling performance with a capacity retention rate of 69.3%. Even without LiNO3 as an electrolyte additive, a high coulombic efficiency of 93% after 200 cycles at 0.2 C was achieved.
A framework for predicting impacts on ecosystem services from (sub)organismal responses to chemicals
Authors: Forbes Valery E. , Salice Chris J. , Birnir Bjorn , Bruins Randy J.F. , Calow Peter , Ducrot Virginie , Galic Nika , Garber Kristina , Harvey Bret C. , Jager Henriette , Kanarek Andrew , Pastorok Robert , Railsback Steve F. , Rebarber Richard , Thorbek Pernille 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Protection of ecosystem services is increasingly emphasized as a risk-assessment goal, but there are wide gaps between current ecological risk-assessment endpoints and potential effects on services provided by ecosystems. The authors present a framework that links common ecotoxicological endpoints to chemical impacts on populations and communities and the ecosystem services that they provide. This framework builds on considerable advances in mechanistic effects models designed to span multiple levels of biological organization and account for various types of biological interactions and feedbacks. For illustration, the authors introduce 2 case studies that employ well-developed and validated mechanistic effects models: the inSTREAM individual-based model for fish populations and the AQUATOX ecosystem model. They also show how dynamic energy budget theory can provide a common currency for interpreting organism-level toxicity. They suggest that a framework based on mechanistic models that predict impacts on ecosystem services resulting from chemical exposure, combined with economic valuation, can provide a useful approach for informing environmental management. The authors highlight the potential benefits of using this framework as well as the challenges that will need to be addressed in future work. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:845–859. © 2017 SETAC
Defining surgical criteria for empty nose syndrome: Validation of the office‐based cotton test and clinical interpretability of the validated Empty Nose Syndrome 6‐Item Questionnaire
Authors: Thamboo Andrew , Velasquez Nathalia , Habib Al‐Rahim R. , Zarabanda David , Paknezhad Hassan , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe validated Empty Nose Syndrome 6‐Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) identifies empty nose syndrome (ENS) patients. The unvalidated cotton test assesses improvement in ENS‐related symptoms. By first validating the cotton test using the ENS6Q, we define the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) score for the ENS6Q.Study DesignIndividual case–control study.MethodsFifteen patients diagnosed with ENS and 18 controls with non‐ENS sinonasal conditions underwent office cotton placement. Both groups completed ENS6Q testing in three conditions—precotton, cotton in situ, and postcotton—to measure the reproducibility of ENS6Q scoring. Participants also completed a five‐item transition scale ranging from “much better” to “much worse” to rate subjective changes in nasal breathing with and without cotton placement. Mean changes for each transition point, and the ENS6Q MCID, were then calculated.ResultsIn the precotton condition, significant differences (P < .001) in all ENS6Q questions between ENS and controls were noted. With cotton in situ, nearly all prior ENS6Q differences normalized between ENS and control patients. For ENS patients, the changes in the mean differences between the precotton and cotton in situ conditions compared to postcotton versus cotton in situ conditions were insignificant among individuals. Including all 33 participants, the mean change in the ENS6Q between the parameters “a little better” and “about the same” was 4.25 (standard deviation [SD] = 5.79) and −2.00 (SD = 3.70), giving an MCID of 6.25.ConclusionsCotton testing is a validated office test to assess for ENS patients. Cotton testing also helped to determine the MCID of the ENS6Q, which is a 7‐point change from the baseline ENS6Q score.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 127:1746–1752, 2017
Revision and reannotation of the Halomonas elongata DSM 2581T genome
Authors: Pfeiffer Friedhelm , Bagyan Irina , Alfaro‐Espinoza Gabriela , Zamora‐Lagos Maria‐A. , Habermann Bianca , Marin‐Sanguino Alberto , Oesterhelt Dieter , Kunte Hans J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe genome of the Halomonas elongata type strain DSM 2581, an industrial producer, was reevaluated using the Illumina HiSeq2500 technology. To resolve duplication‐associated ambiguities, PCR products were generated and sequenced. Outside of duplications, 72 sequence corrections were required, of which 24 were point mutations and 48 were indels of one or few bases. Most of these were associated with polynucleotide stretches (poly‐T stretch overestimated in 19 cases, poly‐C underestimated in 15 cases). These problems may be attributed to using 454 technology for original genome sequencing. On average, the original genome sequence had only one error in 56 kb. There were 23 frameshift error corrections in the 29 protein‐coding genes affected by sequence revision. The genome has been subjected to major reannotation in order to substantially increase the annotation quality.
A compact multiband antenna using λ/4 rectangular stub loaded with metamaterial for IEEE 802.11N and IEEE 802.16E
Authors: Ali Tanweer , Biradar Rajashekhar. C. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis research article describes a compact multiband antenna using λ/4 rectangular stub, loaded with metamaterial for the frequency bands 2.4, 3.5, and 5.8 GHz allocated to IEEE 802.11n (WLAN) and IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX) standards in wireless communication. Compactness, multiband, and impedance matching operations in the proposed design are accomplished by utilizing a rectangular microstrip patch, a novel metamaterial based split ring resonator (SRR), a λ/4 rectangular stub and a ground plane. The proposed SRR negative permeability retrieval mechanism is explained in detail. The electrical dimensions of the designed antenna are 0.206 λ0 × 0.174 λ0 (25 × 22 mm2) at lower resonating band (2.4 GHz) and fabricated on a widely available FR4 substrate having 4.4 as dielectric constant and 1.6 mm as thickness. The average gain of 2.58 dBi, good impedance matching, stable radiation characteristics with high co‐polarization value and return loss bandwidth of 13.7% (2.26–2.57 GHz), 10.09% (3.27–3.60 GHz) and 5.09% (5.69–5.98 GHz) are observed at the bands of operation when the antenna is fabricated and tested. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1000–1006, 2017
Atomic Transport at Charged Graphene: Why Hydrogen and Oxygen Are So Different
Authors: Nguyen Manh‐Thuong , Phong Pham Nam 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAtoms on charged graphitic carbon surface are relevant to various electrochemical problems, understanding the adsorption and diffusion of adatoms under charging conditions is essential towards using graphene‐like materials in electrochemistry. Using density functional calculations, we show that electron or hole doped graphene can strongly change the mobility of H and O adsorbed atoms. Interestingly, charge doping affects the diffusion of H and O in opposite ways, namely, electron doping increases/reduces, while hole doping reduces/increases the diffusion barrier of H/O respectively. Specifically, on neutral graphene the diffusion barriers of H and O are 1.01 and 0.74 eV, which are, upon a hole doping level of +5.9 × 1013cm−2, 0.77 and 0.90 eV, and upon an electron doping level of −5.9 × 1013cm−2, 1.36 and 0.38 eV. Thus, within the harmonic transition state theory, at room temperature, the diffusion rate of O can be decreased or increased by 470 or 1 × 106times, while that of H can be increased or decreased by 1 × 104or 7 × 105times, respectively for the above hole or electron doping density. The difference between H and O atomic transport at charged graphene is interpreted in terms of the difference in geometric and bonding changes upon charge doping.
Lava Flow Transition in Pāhoehoe-Dominated Lower Pile of Deccan Traps from Manmad-Chandwad Area, Western Maharashtra
Authors: Sen Bibhas 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Morphological evolution of classical pāhoehoe to transitional flow-type in a compound basalt flow occurring in the lower pile of Deccan traps is described here from the southern slope of Mesan Dongar in Manmad-Chandwad area, western part of Maharashtra plateau, India. The transitional flow lobes, largely identified as rubbly pāhoehoe-type, are characterized by a crust of breccias, with thickness ranging from 10 to 20 m. The breccia is generally a welded one and consists of mm to m-size, angular to sub-angular basaltic clasts that vary in vesiculation (vesicle size, shape and population). The crust, at times, is supported by an inner vesicular zone coherently developed above a persistent core that varies in thickness from 10 to 15 m. Base of these lobes is smooth, sparsely vesicular, without any basal breccia.
Many of the transitional lobes of Mesan Dongar, however, shared a few common morphological traits with slabby pāhoehoe and this inherent uncertainty in classifying them as rubbly pāhoehoe has been greatly reduced using the semi-quantitative tool of Keszthelyi (2002). Moreover, it is also proposed that this morphological evolution of flow lobes in Mesan Dongar represents a NW-SE trending, southerly propagating and at least four kilometre long flow-front of pāhoehoe lava. Identification of flow fronts is important, even in this ∼65 Ma old, dissected Deccan flood basalt province, as these can reveal vital information on flow dynamics, slope and cooling histories of individual flows/lobes.
High Heat Producing Radioactive Granites of Malani Igneous Suite at Northeast of Jodhpur, Northwestern India
Authors: Shrivastava K. L. , Ram Deva , Gaur Virendra 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
The Malani igneous suite, a terrain showing crustal formation as late as in Neoproterozoic, shows some pink and grey granites in the northeast of the desert city of Jodhpur, in northwestern, India. The average heat generation value of 15.925 HGU for these granites that is much higher than the average known value (3.8 HGU) for the continental crust has been reported here. The concentration of uranium determined is four times higher than the average continental crust. Thorium is still higher than U and K. The radioelement concentration (Ur) varies from 15.58 to 73.48 in the granites with an average of 45.671, clearly indicates a ‘hot crust’. Hence it is favourable for the formation of mineralization of HFS elements like, Nb, Ce, REE and U and Th, which need to be explored in the terrain as an economic deposit.