bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Praying against the Enemy
Authors: Grosse Christian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractContrary to the rule of charity but having some biblical basis, imprecatory prayer and the practice of asking God to act against enemies have always been controversial. In sixteenth-century confessional conflicts, however, any reluctance to use such prayers faded. During the Wars of Religion the first theological justifications appeared and cursing prayers were provided to worshippers. Alongside other practices these prayers shaped the collective identity of the French-speaking Reformed people. They clearly discriminated the faithful from God's enemies, expressed the hope that divine providence would act against these enemies, and led people to identify their fate with that of Old Testament Hebrews. Yet from the end of the seventeenth century such prayer was gradually rejected, above all by learned Reformed people who saw tolerance as a new characteristic feature of Reformed identity.Contraires à la charité, mais trouvant des fondements bibliques, l'imprécation et la pratique consistant à demander l'intervention divine contre un ennemi ont toujours fait l'objet de controverses. Cependant, dans le contexte des conflits confessionnels du seizième siècle, les réticences s'estompent. Avec les guerres de Religion, apparaissent les premières justifications théologiques de cette forme de prière et des textes d'oraisons contre l'ennemi sont mis à disposition des fidèles. En parallèle avec d'autres pratiques, ces prières contribuent alors à structurer l'identité collective des réformés francophones : elles distinguent fortement les fidèles des ennemis de Dieu, expriment l'espoir d'une intervention de la providence divine contre ces derniers et conduisent les réformés à identifier leur destin avec celui des Hébreux de l'Ancien Testament. A partir de la fin du dix-septième siècle, cette forme de prière est progressivement rejetée, en particulier par les élites savantes réformées qui font de la tolérance un nouveau trait distinctif de l'identité réformée.
Survival rate and pressure ulcer prevalence in patients with and without dementia: a retrospective study
Authors: Jaul E. , Rosenzweig J.P. , Meiron O. 
Published: July 2017

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PUs) in older patients with advanced dementia versus older patients without dementia but with other comorbidities, such as diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and chronic renal failure. PUs were thought to be more prevalent and to present a higher risk of mortality in patients with dementia. Method: PUs were assessed on admission using the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) staging system. Patients were classified as either with or without dementia according to Reisberg's functional assessment staging test (FAST). The prevalence of PUs and the survival rates were analysed and compared in both groups. The combined effect of PUs and dementia on survival was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The median survival rate of patients with PUs and dementia was 63 days, significantly lower than in patients with PUs without dementia 117 days. Both groups had similar other comorbidities. Conclusion: These findings underscore the requirement for geriatricians and health professionals to be more vigilant in examining PUs as dementia progresses.
The use of a micropore particle technology in the treatment of acute wounds
Authors: Ryan E. 
Published: July 2017

Objective: A clinical audit was performed to evaluate whether Acapsil micropore particle technology (MPPT) powder could improve the management of acute wounds to heal by secondary intention. Method: Wounds, which could be characterised as sloughy, wet and probably infected, normally managed by debridement followed by negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), were included in the evaluation. The MPPT powder was applied topically to the wound surface either once daily or on alternate days, with each wound receiving a total of two to five applications. Most patients had NPWT after the MPPT powder treatment had finished to assist healing. Results: The study included nine patients with dehisced surgical wounds and one with a category IV pressure ulcer (PU). The wounds were generally covered in slough, exudate and showing signs of local infection. The topical MPPT powder rapidly desloughed the wounds, controlled exudate levels, promoted granulation and was well tolerated. All wounds proceeded towards closure. Conclusion: Comparison of the present data with MPPT powder to standard treatment suggests that the speed of healing using MPPT was improved.
Hydroconductive and silver-impregnated foam dressings: a comparison
Authors: A. Alkhalil , A. Day , K.W. Monger , J. Zhang , B.C. Carney , H.N. Hoffman , L.T. Moffatt , J.W. Shupp 
Published: July 2017

Objective: As the number of commercially available wound dressings is increasing rapidly, it is important for clinicians to understand the strengths and limitations of each and to recognise relationships between wound type and dressing properties to obtain optimal healing results. Our aim is to test the antimicrobial activity of two dressings. Method: A hydroconductive (HC) dressing and a silver-impregnated foam (SIF) dressing were compared for their potential to reduce the levels meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We also assessed MRSA-derived biologically active components in liquid or agar matrices, simplified models for heavily exuding or dry wounds respectively, and in an in vivo animal model with MRSA infected wounds. Results: In the agar model (dry wounds) both dressings showed a strong reduction in MRSA activities within 24 hours post-application. The antibacterial effects of the SIF dressing were more pronounced in the liquid model, however, at an increasing cytotoxic cost. In agreement with these in vitro results, assessment of dressings using an MRSA-infected wound in an rat model showed a decrease in MRSA which was significant 7 days post-burn and inoculation, with more compromised viability of MRSA. Dressings showed a similar capability to reduced and eliminate toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) at day 7 post-burn in the animal model but not at day 4, where the SIF dressing was more potent Conclusion: These results confirm the advantages of using silver in reducing bacterial load in wound treatment, except for conditions of highly exuding wounds where the cytotoxic properties of silver may offset these advantages and HC dressing use is more suitable
Lipoedema complicated by secondary lymphoedema
Authors: Williams Dr Anne , MacEwan Isobel 
Published: July 2017

Anne Williams and Isobel MacEwan of Talk Lipoedema supply an overview of an often misunderstood disorder and the effects of additional complications – and provide guidance for supporting self-management in patients This article explores the pathophysiology of lipoedema, and the changes to the lymphatic system in someone with lipoedema. It aims to identify some of the challenges for individuals who live with lipoedema complicated by secondary lymphoedema, and provides information for health professionals in managing associated problems such as cellulitis.
Crop and Location Specific Agricultural Drought Quantification: Part I. Method Development
Authors: McDaniel Rachel L. , Munster Clyde , Cothren J. Tom 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The prevailing definition of drought is low moisture conditions over a period of time; however, no single definition exists for drought. The numerous drought definitions and classifications have led to many indices that attempt to quantify drought. Most of these indices rely on a single variable, such as precipitation or soil moisture, and do not consider crop-specific information such as threshold values, which cause crop stress when exceeded. An example of a crop threshold is the soil moisture value below which the crop experiences stress. The goal of this study was to provide a new methodology to quantify drought for a specific crop at a specific location, allowing water management decisions on a crop-specific basis. This was achieved by scaling and combining five factors: precipitation, temperature, biomass production, soil moisture, and transpiration. The scaled temperature and soil moisture are calculated using crop-specific stress thresholds, whereas the scaled precipitation is calculated by using location-specific normal values. Transpiration stress is a crop and location specific value that is calculated by comparing the actual transpiration to the daily maximum transpiration. The biomass production is also a crop and location specific value that uses the normal values for linear scaling. The variables are combined with multiple linear regression models that estimate crop yields. A single model is created for each week of the growing season using the variable or variables that are significant for that week. The predicted yield deciles indicate the yield trend based on crop water stress and are therefore used as the crop-specific drought index. Keywords: Crop modeling, Drought, Drought index, Hydrologic modeling, SWAT, Water conservation, Water management, Water stress.
A Process-Based Model for Cattle Manure Compost Windrows: Part 1. Model Description
Authors: Bonifacio Henry F. , Rotz C. Alan , Richard Tom L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Composting is an alternative management practice for handling and storing manure in intensive cattle production systems. With composting, cattle manure is converted into a soil amendment with improved nutrient and physical properties and is easier to handle. Despite its benefits, composting can produce large amounts of gaseous carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) emissions that include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3). A process-based model for cattle manure compost windrows was developed and incorporated into the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM, v. 4.3), a whole-farm simulation model of crop, dairy, and beef production systems. Designed to simulate the different processes that influence C and N balances in windrows, the compost windrow model predicts changes in C (organic C, microbial C) and N (organic N, microbial N, ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3--N)) contents in the windrow; CO2, CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions throughout composting; and corresponding C and N losses. To increase its accuracy in simulating the different processes occurring during composting, the compost windrow model was also designed to predict environmental conditions within windrows, which include moisture content, temperature, and oxygen availability, and changes in windrow material physical properties, such as bulk and particle densities. Modeling routines and relationships of the compost windrow model are described. Evaluation of its performance in predicting windrow environmental conditions, physical and chemical properties, and gaseous emissions is documented in an accompanying article. Keywords: Cattle manure, Composting, Emissions, IFSM, Process-based modeling..
The Influence of Hydrogen Concentration in Sparging Gas on Hydrogen Production and Consumption via Anaerobic Fermentation
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Li Leigang , Wu Chao , Zhao Zeyin , Meng Liang 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The main problem of hydrogen production via anaerobic fermentation is the very low production rate due to severe hydrogen-consuming reactions. Hydrogen partial pressure is a major factor influencing reactions of hydrogen production and consumption. To study the influence of H2 concentration on hydrogen production and consumption, H2 was mixed with N2 at initial concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% to sparge the fermentation broth. The results showed that H2 concentration had significant influence on these reactions, changing the pathway of glucose hydrolysis and acidification. With increasing H2 concentration in the sparging gas, the pathway of glucose acidogenesis hydrolysis transferred from mixed acid production (propionic acid and butyric acid) to propionic acid production. When the H2 concentration was 20% and the N2 concentration was 80%, the production rates of propionic acid and butyric acid were highest (0.76 and 0.41 mmol mmol-1 glucose consumed d-1, respectively) and accounted for 100% of total soluble metabolic products. When the H2 concentration in the sparging gas was more than 40%, the production rates of propionic acid and butyric acid decreased, and glucose degradation was inhibited. In addition, due to propionic acid type fermentation and high hydrogen partial pressure, acetogenesis was not feasible thermodynamically, resulting in a low production rate of H2 during the whole fermentation process. When the initial H2 concentration in the sparging gas was 40%, the production rate of H2 was highest, (0.42 mol mol-1 glucose consumed d-1). In addition, the theoretical production rate of H2 calculated from the production of soluble metabolic products was less than the actual value. This resulted from the co-existence of homoacetogenesis and acetic acid oxidation due to the bidirectionality of homoacetogens, establishing a new symbiotic relationship. Keywords: Anaerobic fermentation, Hydrogen consumption, Hydrogen partial pressure, Hydrogen production, Sparging.
A farewell to youth: The slippery modernity of Rapsodia satanica and Addio giovinezza!
Authors: Cannamela Danila 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Rapsodia satanica (‘Satanic rhapsody)’ by Oxilia (1917) and Addio giovinezza! (‘Goodbye youth!’) by Genina (1918) constitute a cinematographic diptych on the theme of lost youth. While the former is a reinvention of Faust’s deal with the devil with a feminine protagonist, the latter is a homage to the carefree college years. Filmed in an era in which the dream of the Belle Époque clashed with the trauma of World War I, the two films epitomize the challenges of depicting the precariousness of modernity, while experiencing the crisis of Italian silent cinema. Analysing these interrelated questions, the first section of the article compares the marketing strategies through which Rapsodia satanica and Addio giovinezza! affirmed cinema as the catalyst of modernity. The second section examines how the two films adopted different techniques to represent parallel issues, such as the dichotomy of youth– adulthood and the ageing of the diva-model.
Politicize and popularize: The theoretical discourse on feminicide in Italian feminist blogs
Authors: Mandolini Nicoletta 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The concept of feminicide (‘femminicidio’) has been recently introduced to the Italian socio-political context and since 2012 a prolific theoretical debate on the topic has begun, both on traditional media and on the Internet. This article aims at analysing the current online discussion on feminicide and, in particular, the synergy of dialogue and activism which has appeared within the domain of feminist blogs. Drawing from the theoretical and methodological framework of Foucauldian Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA), my objective is to investigate the bloggers’ ability to promote existing theories on sexist murders for a larger readership (popularization) and to redefine the notion of feminicide with new socially relevant meanings capable of extending the discursive perimeter of existing feminist theories on the phenomenon (politicization).
Quantitative Identification of Construction Risk
Authors: Kasprowicz T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRisks pertaining to construction work relate to situations in which various events may randomly change the duration and cost of the project or worsen its quality. Because of possible significant changes of random events, favorable, moderate, and difficult conditions of construction work are considered. It is the first stage of the construction risk analysis. The probabilistic parameters of construction are identified and described by using the design characteristics model of the structure and the construction technology model. The first describes the probabilistic properties of the structure execution’s technology. The second describes the probabilistic properties of the works execution. Both models contain basic probabilistic data for scheduling, cost estimating, and risk assessment of the construction.
Application of Simulation Methods of Stochastic Processes to Vortex Excitation
Authors: Lipecki T. , Flaga A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA description of direct simulation of crosswind loads caused by critical vortex excitation and the response of the structure to these loads are presented in this paper. Tower-like structures of circular cross-sections are considered. A proposed mathematical model of vortex excitation has been numerically implemented and a selfserving computer program was created for the purpose. This software, cooperating with the FEM system, allows for a simulation of a crosswind load and lateral response in real time, meaning that at each time step of the calculations the load is generated using information regarding displacements seen beforehand. A detailed description of the mathematical model is neglected in this paper, which is focused on numerical simulations. WAWS and AR methods are used in simulations.
Effect of Technological Parameters on the AlSi12 Alloy Microstructure During Crystallization Under Pressure
Authors: Pastirčák R. , Ščury J. , Brůna M. , Bolibruchová D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper deals with the impact of technological parameters on the heat transfer coefficient and microstructure in AlSi12 alloy using squeeze casting technology. The casting with crystallization under pressure was used, specifically direct squeeze casting method. The goal was to affect crystallization by pressure with a value 100 and 150 MPa. The pressure applied to the melt causes a significant increase of the coefficient of heat transfer between the melt and the mold. There is an increase in heat flow by approximately 50% and the heat transfer coefficient of up to 100-fold, depending on the casting conditions. The change in cooling rate influences the morphology of the silicon particles and intermetallic phases. A change of excluded needles to a rod-shaped geometry with significantly shorter length occurs when used gravity casting method. By using the pressure of 150 MPa during the crystallization process, in the structure can be observed an irregular silica particles, but the size does not exceed 25 microns.
Effect of Different Inoculants on Impact Toughness in High Chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Siekaniec D. , Kopyciński D. , Guzik E. , Tyrała E. , Nowak A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present work, presented the study of effect of different inoculants on impact toughness in High Chromium Cast Iron. The molds were pouring in industrial conditions and samples were tested in laboratory in Faculty of Foundry Engineering at AGH. Seven samples were tested - one reference sample, three with different addition of Fe-Ti, and three with different addition of Al. The samples were subjected to impact toughness on Charpy hammer and the hardness test. The presented investigations indicate that for the each inoculant there is an optimal addition at which the sample obtained the highest value of impact toughness. For the Fe-Ti it is 0.66% and for Al is 0.17%. Of all the examined inoculants best results were obtained at a dose of 0.66% Fe-Ti. Titanium is a well-known as a good modifier but very interesting results gives the aluminum. Comparing the results obtained for the Fe-Ti and Al can be seen that in the case of aluminum hardness is more stable. The hardness of all samples is around 40-45 HRC, which is not high for this type of cast iron. Therefore, in future studies it is planned to carry out the heat treatment procedure that may improves hardness.
Effect of Temperature on Chromite-Based Moulding Sands Bonded with Sodium Silicate
Authors: Stachowicz M. , Kamiński M. , Granat K. , Pałyga Ł. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the paper, a research on effects of baking temperature on chromite sand base of moulding sands bonded with sodium silicate is presented. Pure chromite sand and its chromite-based moulding sand prepared with use of sodium silicate were subjected to heating within 100 to 1200 °C. After cooling-down, changes of base grains under thermal action were determined. Chromite moulding sand was prepared with use of 0.5 wt% of domestic made, unmodified sodium silicate (water-glass) grade 145. After baking at elevated temperatures, creation of rough layer was observed on grain surfaces, of both pure chromite sand and that used as base of a moulding sand. Changes of sand grains were evaluated by scanning microscopy and EDS analyses. It was found that changes on grain surfaces are of laminar nature. The observed layer is composed of iron oxide (II) that is one of main structural components of chromite sand. In order to identify changes in internal structure of chromite sand grains, polished sections were prepared of moulding sand hardened with microwaves and baked at elevated temperatures. Microscopic observations revealed changes in grains structure in form of characteristically crystallised acicular particles with limited magnesium content, intersecting at various angles. EDS analysis showed that these particles are composed mostly of chromium oxide (III) and iron oxide (II). The temperature above that the a.m. changes are observed in both chromite-based moulding sand and in pure chromite sand. The observed phenomena were linked with hardness values and mass of this sand.
Optimization of Micro-Alloying Elements for Mechanical Properties in Normalized Cast Steel Using Taguchi Technique
Authors: Chokkalingam B. , Raja V. , Anburaj J. , Immanual R. , Dhineshkumar M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this study, Taguchi method is used to find out the effect of micro alloying elements like vanadium, niobium and titanium on the hardness and tensile strength of the normalized cast steel. Based on this method, plan of experiments were made by using orthogonal arrays to acquire the data on hardness and tensile strength. The signal to noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to investigate the effect of these micro alloying elements on these two mechanical properties of the micro alloyed normalized cast steel. The results indicated that in the micro alloyed normalized cast steel both these properties increases when compared to non-micro-alloyed normalized cast steel. The effect of niobium addition was found to be significantly higher to obtain higher hardness and tensile strength when compared to other micro alloying elements. The maximum hardness of 200HV and the maximum tensile strength of 780 N/mm2 were obtained in 0.05%Nb addition micro alloyed normalized cast steel. Micro-alloyed with niobium normalized cast steel have the finest and uniform microstructure and fine pearlite colonies distributed uniformly in the ferrite. The optimum condition to obtain higher hardness and tensile strength were determined. The results were verified with experiments.
Aluminium Alloys Smelting in Shaft- Reverberatory Furnaces in a Liquid Bath Mode
Authors: Grachev V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of research was creation of a furnace for aluminum alloys smelting “in a liquid bath” in order to reduce metal loss. In the paper, the author demonstrates the results of research on smelting of aluminum alloys in a shaft-reverberatory furnace designed by the author. It has been shown that smelting aluminum alloy in a liquid bath was able to significantly reduce aluminum loss and that shaft-reverberatory design provided high efficiency and productivity along with lower energy costs. Ensuring continuous operation of the liquid bath and superheating chamber, which tapped alloy with the required texture, was achieved by means of the optimal design of partition between them. The optimum section of the connecting channels between the liquid bath of smelting and the superheating chamber has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. The author proposed a workable shaft-reverberatory furnace for aluminum alloys smelting, providing solid charge melting in a liquid bath.