bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotyping and Clinicoepidemiological Characterization of Rotavirus Acute Gastroenteritis in Egyptian Children
Authors: SAUDY NIVEEN , ELSHABRAWY WALAA OTHMAN , MEGAHED AHMED , FOAD MONA F. , MOHAMED ALY F. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common cause of severe childhood diarrhea. The dominant circulating RVA genotypes in a given region may vary between and within the geographic regions and from year to year. Our cross-sectional study was designed to determine the burden of RVA genotypes among children with AGE admitted to referral Children Hospital at Egypt prior to implementation of the vaccine. Stool samples with clinico-epidemiological data were collected from 92 children ≤ 3 years-old with AGE. RVA G and P typing were performed with type-specific primers. RVA was detected in 48.9% of patients. Higher rates of RVA infections, 73.3% were detected in infants < 1 year-old. Breast-fed infants were significantly fewer in RVA positive group (P = 0.0006). Non-breastfeeding was a major risk factor for RVA AGE (OR 0.3, P = 0.02). RVA diarrhea occurred mostly in autumn and winter months (55.4% and 26.6%) with a significant difference in autumn (P = 0.0005) and was associated with vomiting and dehydration (OR; 1.66, P = 0.021 & 1.4, P = 0.03). RVA genotypes G1P[8] (26.7%), G9P[8] (20%) and G3P[8] (15.6%) were accounting for 62.3% of RVA AGE. G9 was significantly associated with mucus diarrhea, than G1 or G3 which were associated with watery diarrhea (P = 0.025). Also, G9 was significantly associated with loose stool for > 5 days (P = 0.006) and 54.4% of G9 patients had severe dehydration. The diversity of RVA strains detected in Nile Delta Egypt and emergence of G9 RVA highlight the need to apply vaccines against this genotype in Egypt.
Expiration Date Prediction of Biocontrol Agent Prepared with Bacillus subtilis B579 Using the Accelerated Aging Method
Authors: ZHENG YU , JIAO XIAOYANG , CHEN FANG , WANG XUELIAN , WANG MIN 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The expiration date of biopesticidal products is an essential feature of their use and storage. In the present work, the expiration date of biocontrol agent was predicted using the accelerated aging method. The available bacteria in Bacillus subtilis B579 biocontrol agent were 3.7 ± 0.2 × 1011 CFU/g. It is calculated that the expiration date of the agent was about 17 months at 25°C. During this period, the available bacteria retained more than 90% of the value in the initial product. Thus, this work suggests the expiration date of biocontrol agents composed with spores could be estimated using the accelerated aging method.
Evaluation of the Levels and Quality of Microbial Contamination in Medical Emergency Departments in Comparison to Other Workplaces
Authors: BIELAWSKA-DRÓZD AGATA , WLIZŁO-SKOWRONEK BOŻENA , CIEŚLIK PIOTR , WINNICKA IZABELA , SKOPIŃSKA-RÓŻEWSKA EWA , KUBIAK LESZEK , ŻAKOWSKA DOROTA , BREWCZYŃSKA ALEKSANDRA , KOCIK JANUSZ 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Work in Hospital Emergency Departments (HEDs) exposes both the emergency ward staff and patients to infectious and in other way harmful biological agents. The results of this study shows the presence of pathogenic bacteria isolated by three different methods. It revealed 9.8% of pathogens detected by imprint method, 10.5% of pathogens by swabbing method, 17.6% and 22% in HEDs corridors and rooms, respectively, by air sampling method. In control workplaces (offices) pathogenic bacteria reached the level of 6.5% and 14.7% by imprint method and swabbing, respectively. The relatively low level of contamination by bacteria in HEDs may depend on the effectiveness of Standard Protective Precautions in the studied hospitals.
Survival of Bacteria in Respiratory Protective Filters
Authors: MIAŚKIEWICZ-PĘSKA EWA B. , SŁOMCZYŃSKI TOMASZ 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the susceptibility of Staphylococcus hominis bacteria to the bacteriostatic agent in respiratory protective filters. Four types of filter media of different characteristics were tested. The number of bacteria was estimated by a culture-based method. It was proved that in treated filters the number of S. hominis was significantly reduced, even below the detection limit, while in untreated material bacteria were able to grow and multiply up to 100-fold within 8 hours. There was no correlation between filter structure and changes in the number of bacterial cells.
Detection of Polioviruses in Sewage Using Cell Culture and Molecular Methods
Authors: FIGAS AGNIESZKA , WIECZOREK MAGDALENA , LITWIŃSKA BOGUMIŁA , GUT WŁODZIMIERZ 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The work presented here demonstrates the utility of a two-step algorithm for environmental poliovirus surveillance based on: preselection of sewage samples tested for the presence of enteroviral genetic material-RT-PCR assay and detection of infectious viruses by cell culture technique (L20B for polioviruses and RD for polio and other non-polio enteroviruses). RD and L20B cell lines were tested to determine their sensitivity for isolation of viruses from environmental samples (sewage). Finally, we wanted to determine if sewage concentration affects the results obtained for RT-PCR and cell cultures.
Performance of working memory of musicians and non-musicians in tests with letters, digits, and geometrical shapes
Authors: Okhrei Artem , Kutsenko Tetiana , Makarchuk Mykola 
Published: January 2017

Background. Recent researches points out that musical training might have a positive influence on human cognitive domain and working memory improvements are thought to mediate this influence. However, there is some discrepancy among results of researches dealing with working memory testing of musicians and non-musicians.
Materials and Methods. The participants were the students who for 10–15 years had been engaged in regular musical practice (musicians) and their peers who had no previous musical experience (non-musicians). A computerized working memory test for letters, digits and shapes with successive presentation of stimuli was applied in the current study.
Results. Musicians and non-musicians did not differ in the overall number of mistakes and latency of responses made in all subtests for letters, digits and shapes. The left hand made significantly more mistakes than the right one in both groups, but this regularity was more typical of non-musicians. The right hand responded faster than the left one while doing all subtests in both groups, but such a motor asymmetry was more evident for nonmusicians. Musicians mostly did not demonstrate an increase in latency of responses with task complexity growing from set to set of stimuli, while non-musicians did.
Conclusions. The efficiency of working memory test performance did not differ among musicians and non-musicians. Musicians have tighter interhemispheric cooperation during the memory test and that was indicated by a lesser motor asymmetry. Musicians have almost equal latency of responses regardless of task complexity, while non-musicians require more time for responding to stimuli during growing task complexity, probably because of using different search patterns in working memory or tighter interhemispheric cooperation.
The impact of organic manure and nano-inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and oil content of sunflowers under well-watered conditions
Authors: Janmohammadi Mohsen , Seifi Akbar , Pasandi Mokhtar , Sabaghnia Naser 
Published: January 2017

The sunflower is the third most important source of edible oil and accounts for about 14% of world production of seed oils. Although the sunflower is well adapted to semi-arid regions, low soil fertility and nutrients deficiencies are important yield-limiting factors for sunflower production. The current experiment was carried out to study the effects of farmyard manure (zero (M1), 20 (M2) t ha−1) and nanostructured fertilizers (Mn, Fe, Zn ) on the agronomical traits, yield and yield components of the common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The experiment was conducted during 2015–2016 growing seasons at a research field in Maragheh in the north-western part of Iran. Application of farmyard manure significantly improved such agronomic traits as plant height, leaf area, the number of leaves, the internode length, the stem diameter, the diameter of the branch head, the number of branches, the length of branches, achene length and achene width, the main capitulum diameter, 100-achene weight, oil content in an achene compared with non-manure condition. Results revealed that plants grown under M2 showed earlier flowering and possessed a higher chlorophyll concentration in leaves. Moreover, application of nano-chelated Zn and Fe considerably decreased the proportion of empty achenes and increased oil concentration, the achene yield and the harvest index. However, the best performance was obtained by combined application of nano-chelated Zn under manure conditions. The findings pointed to the importance of micronutrient deficiencies and balanced nutrition in this area. The overall results show that the integrated application of organic manure and nano-chelated micronutrients are more effective in improving the yield of sunflowers in semiarid production systems.
Localizando la política: subjetividad, publicidad y revolución en tres novelas recientes / Localizing Politics: Subjectivity, Advertising, and Revolution in Three Recent Novels
Authors: Claesson Christian 
Published: January 2017

Resumen: En la estela de la crisis económica y social, la narrativa española ha buscado formas de reflejar y reflexionar sobre lo político. Una de las formas ha sido el tratar de entender cómo la crisis ha afectado la subjetividad y, más concretamente, cómo el sujeto navega por la sociedad en crisis. En este artículo se estudian tres novelas recientes —Ejército enemigo (2011) de Alberto Olmos, El público (2012) de Bruno Galindo y Acontecimiento (2015) de Javier Moreno— que intentan responder a la situación social y política actual. A pesar de sus diferencias, las tres novelas llevan a cabo una exploración sobre la subjetividad moderna, sobre todo en relación a la publicidad y los medios sociales, posicionándose respecto a la política y la revolución. Entre otras similitudes, el artículo observa que las tres novelas, junto con otras novelas recientes, llaman la atención sobre la falsa conciencia del momento actual y proponen la sublevación radical como una solución política posible. Palabras clave: Palabras clave: Ejército enemigo, Alberto Olmos, El público, Bruno Galindo, Acontecimiento, Javier Moreno, novela política, subjetividad, publicidad, revolución Abstract: In the wake of the economic and social crisis, Spanish fiction has looked for ways of reflecting (on) the political. One of the manners has been to attempt to understand how the crisis has affected subjectivity and, more concretely, how the subject navigates the society of the crisis. In this article, I study three recent novels—Alberto Olmos’ Ejército enemigo (2011), Bruno Galindo’s El público (2012) and Javier Moreno’s Acontecimiento (2015)—that try to respond to the present political and social situation. Despite their differences, the three novels carry out an exploration of modern subjectivity, above all in relation to advertising and social media, in relation to politics and the revolution. Among several similarities, I observe that the three novels, together with other recent Spanish fiction, call attention to a false consciousness of the present moment and propose a radical revolt as a possible political solution. Keywords: Ejército enemigo, Alberto Olmos, El público, Bruno Galindo, Acontecimiento, Javier Moreno, political novel, subjectivity, advertising, revolution
Por una epistemología de la deportación española. El legado KL Reich de Joaquim Amat-Piniella
Authors: Marin-Dòmine Marta 
Published: January 2017

El abordaje crítico de KL Reich (1963) del escritor catalán Joaquim Amat-Piniella no puede pasar por alto el hecho de que sea el libro en su calidad de símbolo más que el texto literario el que haya encontrado su lugar dentro de los iconos que representan la memoria de los españoles deportados a los campos nazis cuya memorialización está estructurada alrededor de unos lugares comunes que se han mantenido inamovibles hasta la fecha. El presente artículo ofrece una breve trayectoria de la recepción de KL Reich a la luz de estos lugares comunes que configuran la articulación entre recepción y representación memorial. Terminaré por señalar una de las aportaciones literarias de KL Reich que pueden servir para ir elaborando una epistemología de la deportación española en los campos nazis. Palabras clave: KL Reich; Joaquim Amat-Piniella; deportación; españoles en Mauthausen; literatura campos concentración.
Transcriptomic response of maize primary roots to low temperatures at seedling emergence
Authors: Di Fenza Mauro , Hogg Bridget , Grant Jim , Barth Susanne 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundMaize (Zea mays) is a C4tropical cereal and its adaptation to temperate climates can be problematic due to low soil temperatures at early stages of establishment.MethodsIn the current study we have firstly investigated the physiological response of twelve maize varieties, from a chilling condition adapted gene pool, to sub-optimal growth temperature during seedling emergence. To identify transcriptomic markers of cold tolerance in already adapted maize genotypes, temperature conditions were set below the optimal growth range in both control and low temperature groups. The conditions were as follows; control (18 °C for 16 h and 12 °C for 8 h) and low temperature (12 °C for 16 h and 6 °C for 8 h). Four genotypes were identified from the condition adapted gene pool with significant contrasting chilling tolerance.ResultsPicker and PR39B29 were the more cold-tolerant lines and Fergus and Codisco were the less cold-tolerant lines. These four varieties were subjected to microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed genes under chilling conditions. Exposure to low temperature during establishment in the maize varieties Picker, PR39B29, Fergus and Codisco, was reflected at the transcriptomic level in the varieties Picker and PR39B29. No significant changes in expression were observed in Fergus and Codisco following chilling stress. A total number of 64 genes were differentially expressed in the two chilling tolerant varieties. These two varieties exhibited contrasting transcriptomic profiles, in which only four genes overlapped.DiscussionWe observed that maize varieties possessing an enhanced root growth ratio under low temperature were more tolerant, which could be an early and inexpensive measure for germplasm screening under controlled conditions. We have identified novel cold inducible genes in an already adapted maize breeding gene pool. This illustrates that further varietal selection for enhanced chilling tolerance is possible in an already preselected gene pool.
Endophytic fungal diversity ofFragaria vesca, a crop wild relative of strawberry, along environmental gradients within a small geographical area
Authors: Yokoya Kazutomo , Postel Sarah , Fang Rui , Sarasan Viswambharan 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundFungal endophytes are highly diverse ubiquitous asymptomatic microorganisms, some of which appear to be symbiotic. Depending on abiotic conditions and genotype of the plant, the diversity of endophytes may confer fitness benefits to plant communities.MethodsWe studied a crop wild relative (CWR) of strawberry, along environmental gradients with a view to understand the cultivable root-derived endophytic fungi that can be evaluated for promoting growth and tolerating stress in selected plant groups. The main objectives were to understand whether: (a) suboptimal soil types are drivers for fungal distribution and diversity; (b) high pH and poor nutrient availability lead to fungal-plant associations that help deliver fitness benefits; and (c) novel fungi can be identified for their use in improving plant growth, and alleviate stress in diverse crops.ResultsThe study revealed that habitats with high pH and low nutrient availability have higher fungal diversity, with more rare fungi isolated from locations with chalky soil. Plants from location G were the healthiest even though soil from this location was the poorest in nutrients. Study of environmental gradients, especially extreme habitat types, may help understand the root zone fungal diversity of different functional classes. Two smallin vitropilot studies conducted with two isolates showed that endophytic fungi from suboptimal habitats can promote plant growth and fitness benefits in selected plant groups.DiscussionTargeting native plants and crop wild relatives for research offers opportunities to unearth diverse functional groups of root-derived endophytic fungi that are beneficial for crops.
Aplicação de glyphosate na dessecação do sorgo biomassa
Authors: May André , Viana Ronaldo Da Silva , Dos Santos Michelli De Souza , Da Silva Evandro Henrique Figueiredo Moura 
Published: January 2017

O sorgo biomassa é uma alternativa para a geração de energia renovável pela queima em caldeiras, destacando-se por sua alta produtividade e possibilidade de mecanização de todos os seus processos agrícolas. Uma alternativa comum para a redução da umidade de culturas é a aplicação de herbicidas dessecantes, contudo, não há pesquisas que elucidem a perda de umidade da massa colhida de sorgo com a aplicação de dessecantes na parte aérea, antes da colheita. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar aplicação de glyphosate na dessecação do sorgo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados, no esquema fatorial 2x5x4, constituídos por: duas cultivares de sorgo (BRS 716 e CR 1342); cinco doses de glyphosate (0, 720, 1.440, 2.160 e 2.880 g ingrediente ativo ha-1) e quatro épocas de coleta das plantas (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação), com 4 repetições. Durante as diferentes épocas de coleta das plantas foram realizadas as avaliações da biomassa fresca e seca dos colmos e folhas e porcentagem de biomassa seca dos colmos e das folhas. A aplicação do glyphosate não foi eficaz no processo de dessecação das plantas de sorgo biomassa BRS 716 e CR1342.
Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode
Authors: Lübbecke Joke F. , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific is asymmetric for warm and cold events with respect to amplitude, spatial patterns, and temporal evolution. Here the symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode, which many previous studies have argued is governed by atmosphere‐ocean dynamics similar to those of ENSO, is investigated using two different ocean reanalysis products. Calculation of Bjerknes feedback terms for the Pacific reveals a pronounced asymmetry between warm and cold events, though unlike most previous studies, the largest asymmetry is found in the relationship between eastern Pacific thermocline depth and sea surface temperature anomalies. For the Atlantic, cold events are effectively mirror images of warm events with Bjerknes feedbacks of similar strength. The analysis supports not only the conclusion that Atlantic Niños are more symmetric than ENSO but also the hypothesis itself that the Bjerknes feedback is operative in the Atlantic given the strength of the relationship between the key variables involved.
Nowcasting and forecasting of the magnetopause and bow shock—A status update
Authors: Petrinec S. M. , Redmon R. J. , Rastaetter L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere has long been interest in knowing the shape and location of the Earth's magnetopause and of the standing fast‐mode bow shock upstream of the Earth's magnetosphere. This quest for knowledge spans both the research and operations arenas. Pertinent to the latter, nowcasting and near‐term forecasting are important for determining the extent to which the magnetosphere is compressed or expanded due to the influence of the solar wind bulk plasma and fields and the coupling to other magnetosphere‐ionosphere processes with possible effects on assets. This article provides an update to a previous article on the same topic published 15 years earlier, with focus on studies that have been conducted, the current status of nowcasting and forecasting of geophysical boundaries, and future endeavors.
Parent‐offspring conflict over family size in current China
Authors: Liu Jianghua , Duan Chongli , Lummaa Virpi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn China, the recent replacement of the one‐child policy with a two‐child policy could potentially change family ecology—parents may switch investment from exclusively one child to two. The parent‐offspring conflict theory provides testable hypotheses concerning possible firstborn opposition toward further reproduction of their mother, and who wins the conflict. We tested the hypotheses that if there is any opposition, it will differ between sexes, weaken with offspring age and family resource availability, and affect maternal reproductive decision‐making.MethodsUsing survey data of 531 non‐pregnant mothers of only one child from Xi'an (China), logistic regression was used to examine effects of age, family income, and sex on the attitudes of firstborn children toward having a sibling; ordinal regression was used to investigate how such attitudes affect maternal intention to reproduce again.ResultsFirstborns' unsupportive attitude toward their mothers' further reproduction weakened with age and was overall more frequent in low‐income families. Sons' unsupportive tendency displayed a somewhat U‐shaped relationship, whereas daughters' weakened with family income; consequently, sons were more likely than daughters to be unsupportive in high‐income families, suggesting a tendency to be more demanding. Forty‐nine percent of mothers supported by their firstborns intended to reproduce again, whilst only 9% of mothers not supported by firstborns had such an intention.ConclusionOur study contributes to evolutionary literature on parent‐offspring conflict and its influence on female reproductive strategy in modern human societies, and has also important implications for understanding fertility patterns and conducting interventions in family conflict in China.
T‐helper 2 cytokine–induced heat shock protein 70 secretion and its potential association with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Min Hyun Jin , Kim Kyung Soo , Yoon Joo‐Heon , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Cho Hyung‐Ju 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundVarious inflammatory mediators have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of allergic disease (AR). The role of heat shock proteins in AR has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the nasal lavage fluids of AR patients and controls to elucidate the role of Hsp70 in the pathogenesis of AR.MethodsUsing an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of Hsp70, Hsp90, interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐8 in nasal lavage fluid from patients were measured and statistically analyzed. Primary human nasal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and T‐helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐13) were added to the culture medium. We evaluated the mRNA and protein expression levels of Hsp70 using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay.ResultsHsp70 was easily detected in nasal lavage fluid and the levels of Hsp70 were higher in AR patients than in healthy controls. Other clinical characteristics of subjects were not significantly associated with Hsp70 levels. Furthermore, we found that treatment with IL‐4 and IL‐13 induced the secretion of Hsp70 in human nasal epithelial cells.ConclusionWe found that Hsp70 was abundant and positively detected in nasal lavage fluid samples from all subjects, and that Hsp70 levels were significantly higher in AR patients. We demonstrated, both in vivo and in vitro, that Hsp70 could play an important role in the pathogenesis of AR, and we suggest that Hsp70 can be used as a disease marker for AR.