bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helium release during shale deformation: Experimental validation
Authors: Bauer Stephen J. , Gardner W. Payton , Heath Jason E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis work describes initial experimental results of helium tracer release monitoring during deformation of shale. Naturally occurring radiogenic 4He is present in high concentration in most shales. During rock deformation, accumulated helium could be released as fractures are created and new transport pathways are created. We present the results of an experimental study in which confined reservoir shale samples, cored parallel and perpendicular to bedding, which were initially saturated with helium to simulate reservoir conditions, are subjected to triaxial compressive deformation. During the deformation experiment, differential stress, axial, and radial strains are systematically tracked. Release of helium is dynamically measured using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector. Helium released during deformation is observable at the laboratory scale and the release is tightly coupled to the shale deformation. These first measurements of dynamic helium release from rocks undergoing deformation show that helium provides information on the evolution of microstructure as a function of changes in stress and strain.
Irrigation impacts on California's climate with the variable‐resolution CESM
Authors: Huang Xingying , Ullrich Paul A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe variable‐resolution capability within the Community Earth System Model (VR‐CESM) is applied to understand the impact of irrigation on the regional climate of California. Irrigation is an important contributor to the regional climate of heavily irrigated regions, and within the U.S. there are few regions that are as heavily irrigated as California's Central Valley, responsible for 25% of domestic agricultural products. A flexible irrigation scheme with relatively realistic estimates of agricultural water use is employed. The impact of irrigation on mean climatology and heat extremes is investigated over the 26 year period 1980–2005 using a relatively fine grid resolution of
(∼28 km). Three simulations are performed, including an unirrigated control run and two irrigation‐enabled runs, with results compared to gridded observations and weather station data sets. During the summer months (when irrigation peaks), irrigation leads to cooling of the daily maximum near‐surface temperature field (Tmax) by approximately 1.1 K. Under irrigation, latent heat flux increased by ∼61% during the daytime as a result of increased surface evaporation; specific humidity increased by about 12%; heat stress was reduced by 22% and the average soil moisture exhibited a small (∼4.4%) but statistically significant increase. Compared with observations, irrigation improved the frequency distribution of Tmax, and both length and frequency of hot spells were better represented with irrigation enabled. Consequently, we argue that high‐resolution simulations of regional climate in CESM, particularly over heavily irrigated regions, should likely enable the irrigation parameterization to better represent local temperature statistics.
Tumor prevention facilitates delayed transplant of stem cell‐derived motoneurons
Authors: Magown Philippe , Brownstone Robert M. , Rafuse Victor F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveNerve injuries resulting in prolonged periods of denervation result in poor recovery of motor function. We have previously shown that embryonic stem cell‐derived motoneurons transplanted at the time of transection into a peripheral nerve can functionally reinnervate muscle. For clinical relevance, we now focused on delaying transplantation to assess reinnervation after prolonged denervation.MethodsEmbryonic stem cell‐derived motoneurons were transplanted into the distal segments of transected tibial nerves in adult mice after prolonged denervation of 1–8 weeks. Twitch and tetanic forces were measured ex vivo 3 months posttransplantation. Tissue was harvested from the transplants for culture and immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsIn this delayed reinnervation model, teratocarcinomas developed in about one half of transplants. A residual multipotent cell population (~ 6% of cells) was found despite neural differentiation. Exposure to the alkylating drug mitomycin C eliminated this multipotent population in vitro while preserving motoneurons. Treating neural differentiated stem cells prior to delayed transplantation prevented tumor formation and resulted in twitch and tetanic forces similar to those in animals transplanted acutely after denervation.InterpretationDespite a neural differentiation protocol, embryonic stem cell‐derived motoneurons still carry a risk of tumorigenicity. Pretreating with an antimitotic agent leads to survival and functional muscle reinnervation if performed within 4 weeks of denervation in the mouse.
Does a Judicial Warning Improve Defendant‐Culprit Matching?
Authors: Thompson W. Burt , Dunkelberger Nicole , Vescio Salvatore , Elling Claire 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDuring a trial, jurors may be asked to compare the defendant with video of the culprit. Yet matching unfamiliar people in this manner can be difficult and error‐prone. Judges may warn jurors about the dangers of identification from video images, but the effect of warnings is unknown. Here we report two studies that assessed the effect of warning instructions on defendant‐culprit matching. In Experiment 1, college students read either control, warning, or illustrated warning instructions before deciding if a defendant seen in one video matched the culprit in another video. Experiment 2 compared control and warning instructions in a sample of Amazon Mechanical Turk workers. Matching accuracy in both experiments was poor, and warnings did not consistently improve performance or make participants more cautious. These results do not support the supposition that warning instructions help jurors compare the defendant to images of the culprit.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Aqueous Growth of Hematite Nanoplate Arrays Directly on Transparent Conductive Substrates and Their Photoelectrochemical Properties
Authors: Wang Jian , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) hematite nanoplate arrays were synthesized directly on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)‐coated glass by using a facile and novel hydrothermal method. High‐temperature annealing retained the morphology of the nanoplate arrays while simultaneously introducing porosity. The thickness and length of the nanoplates could be tailored by adjusting the precursor composition. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements showed that the photocurrent generated with bare hematite nanoplate photoelectrode under backside illumination was about four times of that under frontside illumination in the entire bias range used, which suggested that slow electron transport was a limiting factor for its PEC performance. Upon Sn doping and Co‐Pi co‐catalyst addition, the photocurrent increased significantly owing to the enhancement of electron conductivity and oxidation kinetics. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted to understand the surface properties of the nanoplate arrays. Since this strategy is simple, cost‐effective, and highly reproducible, it provides exciting opportunities for the large‐scale growth of porous 2D metal oxide photoelectrodes for a variety of photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications.
Enabling xylose utilization in Yarrowia lipolytica for lipid production
Authors: Li Haibo , Alper Hal S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe conversion of lignocellulosic sugars, in particular xylose, is important for sustainable fuels and chemicals production. While the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a strong candidate for lipid production, it is currently unable to effectively utilize xylose. By introducing a heterologous oxidoreductase pathway and enabling starvation adaptation, we obtained a Y. lipolytica strain, E26 XUS, that can use xylose as a sole carbon source and produce over 15 g/L of lipid in bioreactor fermentations (29.3% of theoretical yield) with a maximal lipid productivity of 0.19 g/L/h. Genomic sequencing and genetic analysis pointed toward increases in genomic copy number of the pathway and resulting elevated expression levels as the causative mutations underlying this improved phenotype. More broadly, many regions of the genome were duplicated during starvation of Yarrowia. This strain can form the basis for further engineering to enhance xylose catabolic rates and conversion. Finally, this study also reveals the flexibility and dynamic nature of the Y. lipolytica genome, and the means at which starvation can be used to induce genomic duplications.
Risk factors for level V lymph node metastases in solitary papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinically lateral lymph node metastases
Authors: Yang Jing , Gong Yanping , Yan Shuping , Zhu Jingqiang , Li Zhihui , Gong Rixiang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe extent of lateral neck dissection (LND) in surgical resection of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with clinically lateral LNM (LLNM) remains controversial. We aimed to explore the frequency of and risk factors for level V LNM in patients with solitary PTC and clinically LLNM. To analyze the frequency and risk factors for level V LNM, we retrospectively reviewed 220 solitary PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, bilateral central neck dissection, and therapeutic LND. LLNM were present in 82.3% patients, and levels II–V LNM were present in 45.9%, 62.7%, 55.5%, and 12.3% patients, respectively. Ipsilateral level V LNM was significantly associated with tumor size >10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, ipsilateral central LNM ratio ≥50%, and contralateral central LNM (CLNM), bilateral CLNM, and simultaneous levels II–IV LNM. Contralateral CLNM was an independent risk factor for level V LNM. In patients with solitary PTC and clinically LLNM, level V LNM was relatively uncommon. Therefore, routine level V lymphadenectomy may be unnecessary in these patients unless level V LNM is suspected on preoperative examination or associated risk factors, especially contralateral CLNM, are present.
Antitumor activity of combined endostatin and thymidine kinase gene therapy in C6 glioma models
Authors: Chen Yan , Huang Honglan , Yao Chunshan , Su Fengbo , Guan Wenming , Yan Shijun , Ni Zhaohui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe combination of Endostatin (ES) and Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (HSV‐TK) gene therapy is known to have antitumor activity in bladder cancer. The potential effect of ES and TK therapy in glioma has not yet been investigated. In this study, pTK‐internal ribosome entry site (IRES), pIRES‐ES, and pTK‐IRES‐ES plasmids were constructed; pIRES empty vector served as the negative control. The recombinant constructs were transfected into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ECV304 and C6 rat glioma cell line. Ganciclovir (GCV) was used to induce cell death in transfected C6 cells. We found that ECV304 cells expressing either ES or TK‐ES showed reduced proliferation, decreased migration capacity, and increased apoptosis, as compared to untransfected cells or controls. pTK‐IRES‐ES/GCV or pTK‐IRES/GCV significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in C6 cells, as compared to the control. In addition, the administration of pIRES‐ES, pTK‐IRES/GCV, or pTK‐IRES‐ES/GCV therapy improved animal activity and behavior; was associated with prolonged animal survival, and a lower microvessel density (MVD) value in tumor tissues of C6 glioma rats. In comparison to others, dual gene therapy in form of pTK‐IRES‐ES/GCV had a significant antitumor activity against C6 glioma. These findings indicate combined TK and ES gene therapy was associated with a superior antitumor efficacy as compared to single gene therapy in C6 glioma.
Deep molecular responses for treatment‐free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Dulucq Stéphanie , Mahon Francois‐Xavier 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSeveral clinical trials have demonstrated that some patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML‐CP) who achieve sustained deep molecular responses on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy can safely suspend therapy and attempt treatment‐free remission (TFR). Many TFR studies to date have enrolled imatinib‐treated patients; however, the feasibility of TFR following nilotinib or dasatinib has also been demonstrated. In this review, we discuss available data from TFR trials and what these data reveal about the molecular biology of TFR. With an increasing number of ongoing TFR clinical trials, TFR may become an achievable goal for patients with CML‐CP.
A nonlinear principal component analysis to study archeometric data
Authors: Bitetto Alessandro , Mangone Annarosa , Mininni Rosa Maria , Giannossa Lorena C. 
Published: July 2016

Statistical techniques, when applied to data obtained by chemical investigations on ancient artworks, are usually expected to recognize groups of objects to classify the archeological finds, to attribute the provenance of items compared with earlier investigated ones, or to determine whether an archaelogical attribution is possible or not. The statistical technique most frequently used in archeometry is the principal component analysis (PCA), because of its simplicity in theory and implementation. However, the application of PCA to archeometric data showed severe limitations because of its linear feature. Indeed, PCA is inadequate to classify data whose behavior describe a curve or a curved subspace of the original data space. As a consequence of it, an amount of information is lost because the multi‐dimensional data space is compressed into a lower‐dimensional subspace including principal components. The aim of this work is then to test a novel statistical technique for archeometry. We propose a nonlinear PCA method to extract maximum chemical information by plotting data on the smallest number of principal components and to answer archeological questions. The higher accuracy and effectiveness of nonlinear PCA approach with respect to standard PCA for the analysis of archeometric data are shown through the study of Apulian red figured pottery (fifth–fourth century BC) coming from some of the most relevant archeological sites of ancient Apulia (Monte Sannace (Gioia del Colle), Egnatia (Fasano), Canosa, Altamura, Conversano, and Arpi(Foggia)). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Synthesis of Aviram–Ratner‐Type Dyads and Rectification Studies in Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) Films
Authors: Jayamurugan Govindasamy , Gowri Vijayendran , Hernández David , Martin Santiago , González‐Orive Alejandro , Dengiz Cagatay , Dumele Oliver , Pérez‐Murano Francesc , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Boudon Corinne , Schweizer W. Bernd , Breiten Benjamin , Finke Aaron D. , Jeschke Gunnar , Bernet Bruno , Ruhlmann Laurent , Cea Pilar , Diederich François 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe design and synthesis of Aviram–Ratner‐type molecular rectifiers, featuring an anilino‐substituted extended tetracyanoquinodimethane (exTCNQ) acceptor, covalently linked by the σ‐spacer bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BCO) to a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) donor moiety, are described. The rigid BCO spacer keeps the TTF donor and exTCNQ acceptor moieties apart, as demonstrated by X‐ray analysis. The photophysical properties of the TTF‐BCO‐exTCNQ dyads were investigated by UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy, electrochemical studies, and theoretical calculations. Langmuir–Blodgett films were prepared and used in the fabrication and electrical studies of junction devices. One dyad showed the asymmetric current–voltage (I–V) curve characteristic for rectification, unlike control compounds containing the TTF unit but not the exTCNQ moiety or comprising the exTCNQ acceptor moiety but lacking the donor TTF part, which both gave symmetric I–V curves. The direction of the observed rectification indicated that the preferred electron current flows from the exTCNQ acceptor to the TTF donor.
Chemically Non‐Innocent Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes: Ligand Rearrangement, C−H and C−F Bond Activation
Authors: Turner Zoë R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) was found to undergo unprecedented rearrangements and transformations of its core structure in the presence of Group 1 and 2 metals. Although the carbene was also found to be prone to intramolecular C−H activation, it was competent for intermolecular activation of a variety of sp‐, sp2‐, and sp3‐hybridized C−H bonds. Double C−F activation of hexafluorobenzene was also observed in this work. These processes all hold relevance to the role of these carbenes in catalysis, as well as to their use in the synthesis of new and unusual main group or transition metal complexes.
Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Veledimex, a Small‐Molecule Activator Ligand for a Proprietary Gene Therapy Promoter System, in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Cai Hongliang , Sun Lei , Miao John , Krishman Suma , Lebel Francois , Barrett John A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMajor obstacles to developing effective immunotherapy are the ability of tumors to escape the immune system and the toxicity associated with systemic administration. To overcome these challenges, a gene delivery platform technology, RheoSwitch Therapeutic System (RTS), has been developed to enable the regulated expression of a target gene, Ad‐RTS‐IL‐12, administered intratumorally, where IL‐12 expression is controlled via the administration of an oral activator ligand, veledimex. Pharmacokinetics in healthy human subjects indicated that veledimex plasma exposure increased with increasing dose after single‐ and multiple‐dose administration in Labrasol slurry and F‐22 capsule formulations. No apparent formulation or sex‐related difference in veledimex pharmacokinetics (PK) was observed. Minimal or no plasma accumulation of veledimex was observed after once‐daily oral administration for 14 days. Veledimex steady state in plasma was reached after 5 daily doses. Food consumption prior to veledimex administration prolonged and enhanced absorption with no impact on the elimination rate and extent of metabolism of veledimex, resulting in significantly increased systemic exposure to veledimex and its 2 major circulating metabolites. Overall, veledimex was well tolerated and exhibited a PK profile supportive of once‐daily dosing. For enhanced efficacy, veledimex should be taken under fed conditions to ensure optimal absorption and sufficient systemic exposure.
Single‐ and Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics of Immediate‐Release/Extended‐Release Ibuprofen Tablets
Authors: Legg Thomas , Paluch Edward , Jayawardena Shyamalie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA single‐dose, randomized, open‐label, crossover study (study 1; n = 35) and a multiple‐dose, randomized, open‐label, crossover study (study 2; n = 28) compared the pharmacokinetics of a new immediate‐release/extended‐release (IR/ER) bilayer tablet formulation of ibuprofen 600 mg every 12 hours with standard ibuprofen 200 mg IR every 4 hours. In both studies, the 2 formulations were bioequivalent to each other for the area under the plasma concentration‐versus‐time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUCL), to infinity (AUC∞), and to 12 hours (AUC0–12) and maximum concentration (Cmax). In study 1, food slowed the absorption of ibuprofen from ibuprofen 600 mg IR/ER (lower Cmax) compared with the fasted state but did not affect the overall extent (AUC) of ibuprofen absorption. In study 2, there was no evidence of drug accumulation with multiple doses of ibuprofen IR/ER. In conclusion, ibuprofen 600 mg IR/ER provides a twice‐daily over‐the‐counter analgesic option that is bioequivalent to standard ibuprofen 200 mg IR (every 4 hours) with regard to both the rate (Cmax) and the extent (AUC) of absorption.
Comparison of Capillary and Venous Drug Concentrations After Administration of a Single Dose of Risperidone, Paliperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, or Aripiprazole
Authors: Remmerie Bart , De Meulder Marc , Weiner Sveta , Savitz Adam 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRisperidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, and aripiprazole are antipsychotic drugs approved for treating various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The objective of this randomized, parallel‐group, open‐label study was to compare finger‐stick‐based capillary with corresponding venous whole‐blood and plasma concentrations for these drugs after administration of a single dose to healthy volunteers. All whole‐blood and plasma drug concentrations were measured with validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods. Capillary and venous concentrations (both in plasma and whole blood) were in close agreement, although a time‐dependent difference was observed, most obviously for olanzapine and paliperidone, with slightly higher capillary versus venous drug concentrations during the first hours after administering a single dose. The observed difference between capillary and venous plasma drug concentrations is expected not to be relevant in clinical practice, considering the wide window of therapeutic concentrations and the wide range of drug concentrations in the patient population for a given dose. Based on these results, finger‐stick‐based capillary drug concentrations have been shown to approximate venous drug concentrations.
Quality Control for the Illumina HumanExome BeadChip
Authors: Igo Robert P. , Cooke Bailey Jessica N. , Romm Jane , Haines Jonathan L. , Wiggs Janey L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Illumina HumanExome BeadChip and other exome‐based genotyping arrays offer inexpensive genotyping of some 240,000 mostly nonsynonymous coding variants across the human genome. The HumanExome chip, with its highly non‐uniform distribution of markers and emphasis on rare coding variants, presents some unique challenges for quality control (QC) and data cleaning. Here, we describe QC procedures for HumanExome data, with examples of challenges specific to exome arrays from our experience cleaning a data set of ∼7,500 samples from the NEIGHBORHOOD Consortium. We focus on standard procedures for QC of genome‐wide array data including genotype calling, sex verification, sample identity verification, relationship checking, and population structure that are complicated by the HumanExome panel's enrichment in rare, exonic variation. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Integrative Analysis of Histone ChIP‐seq and RNA‐seq Data
Authors: Klein Hans‐Ulrich , Schäfer Martin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe R package epigenomix has been designed to detect differentially transcribed gene isoforms that, in addition, exhibit altered histone modifications at their respective genomic loci. The package provides methods to map histone ChIP‐seq profiles to isoforms and estimate their transcript abundances from RNA‐seq data. Based on the differences observed between case and control samples in the RNA‐seq and ChIP‐seq data, a correlation measure is calculated for each isoform. The distribution of this correlation measure is further investigated by a Bayesian mixture model to (i) reveal the relationship between the studied histone modification and transcriptional activity, and (ii) detect specific isoforms with differences in both transcription values and histone modifications. The method is designed for experiments with a few or no replicates, and is superior to separate analyses of both data types in that setting. This unit illustrates the integrative analysis of ChIP‐seq and RNA‐seq data with epigenomix. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.