bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin promotes circadian rhythm‐induced proliferation through Clock/histone deacetylase 3/c‐Myc interaction in mouse adipose tissue
Authors: Liu Zhenjiang , Gan Lu , Luo Dan , Sun Chao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMelatonin is synthesized in the pineal gland and controls circadian rhythm of peripheral adipose tissue, resulting in changes in body weight. Although core regulatory components of clock rhythmicity have been defined, insight into the mechanisms of circadian rhythm‐mediated proliferation in adipose tissue is still limited. Here, we showed that melatonin (20 mg/kg/d) promoted circadian and proliferation processes in white adipose tissue. The circadian amplitudes of brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator‐like 1 (Bmal1, P<.05) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock, P<.05), period 2 (Per2, P<.05), cyclin E (P<.05), and c‐Myc (P<.05) were directly increased by melatonin in adipose tissue. Melatonin also promoted cell cycle and increased cell numbers (P<.05), which was correlated with the Clock expression (P<.05). Further analysis demonstrated that Clock bound to the E‐box elements in the promoter region of c‐Myc and then directly stimulated c‐Myc transcription. Moreover, Clock physically interacted with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and formed a complex with c‐Myc to promote adipocyte proliferation. Melatonin also attenuated circadian disruption and promoted adipocyte proliferation in chronic jet‐lagged mice and obese mice. Thus, our study found that melatonin promoted adipocyte proliferation by forming a Clock/HDAC3/c‐Myc complex and subsequently driving the circadian amplitudes of proliferation genes. Our data reveal a novel mechanism that links circadian rhythm to cell proliferation in adipose tissue. These findings also identify a new potential means for melatonin to prevent and treat sleep deprivation‐caused obesity.
A molecular phylogeny of Staphyleaceae: Implications for generic delimitation and classical biogeographic disjunctions in the family
Authors: Harris AJ , Chen Ping‐Ting , Xu Xin‐Wei , Zhang Jian‐Qiang , Yang Xue , Wen Jun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStaphyleaceae traditionally comprises three genera of temperate and tropical trees and shrubs:EuscaphisSiebold & Zucc.,StaphyleaL., andTupriniaVent. These genera are clearly supported by morphology, but a recent classification based on four chloroplast genes and nuclear ITS treatsStaphylea,Euscaphis, and New WorldTurpiniainStaphyleas.l. and Old WorldTurpiniainDalrympeleaRoxb. In this study, our objectives were to (1) resolve the phylogenetic relationships within Staphyleaceae using two nuclear and six chloroplast markers, (2) explore morphological synapomorphies that support major clades, and (3) discuss the implications of our results on generic delimitation and biogeography. Our phylogenetic results show five major clades in Staphyleaceae: (1) Old WorldTurpinia, (2) New WorldTurpinia, (3) a clade of exclusively Old WorldStaphylea, (4) an Asian‐North American clade ofStaphyleacomprising all New World species and the rest of the Old World ones, and (5)Euscaphis. Within the two clades each ofStaphyleaandTurpinia, morphological features traditionally used for delimiting the genera may exhibit convergence. Among morphological features examined in this study, we found that pollen is not taxonomically informative, features of leaf teeth and epicuticular waxes show limited support for the traditional genera ofStaphyleaandTuprinia, respectively, and petal length (i.e., flower size) is significantly smaller in Old WorldTurpiniacompared to New WorldTurpinia. With respect to biogeography, our results support a rare disjunction between eastern North America and the Himalayas.
Impact of seawater temperature on growth and recruitment of invasive fouling species at the global scale
Authors: Lord Joshua P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEpibenthic fouling communities are dominated by invasive species that are globally distributed and can have substantial ecological and economic impacts in coastal habitats. Little is known about inter‐specific differences in life history strategies that cosmopolitan invasive species employ to acquire space and succeed in invaded habitats. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of seawater temperature on recruitment and growth of several cosmopolitan fouling species including the tunicates Botrylloides violaceus, Botryllus schlosseri and Diplosoma listerianum, as well as the bryozoans Bugula neritina and Watersipora subtorquata. To do this, the iBARGE (Invasive Bryozoan and Ascidian Recruitment and Growth Experiment) program was developed, utilizing a global network of collaborators to examine patterns over a broad geographic scale and a wide range of naturally varying seawater temperatures. This project produced a data set of thousands of photographs from 18 marinas in five countries in summer 2014 and 2015, allowing for recruitment and growth to be tabulated at a variety of temperatures. Thermal growth curves were established for five invasive species, and growth was compared among temperatures across sites, revealing a significant thermal effect. Recruitment was linked to temperature, with generally higher recruitment at warmer seawater temperatures and the highest peak recruitment values for the bryozoan Bugula neritina. Temperature also changed the relative importance of growth and recruitment for several species. These results paint a complex picture of the interactions among invasive fouling species as they relate to seawater temperature.
INVESTING WITH LIQUID AND ILLIQUID ASSETS
Authors: Bichuch Maxim , Guasoni Paolo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe find optimal trading policies for long‐term investors with constant relative risk aversion and constant investment opportunities, which include one safe asset, liquid risky assets, and an illiquid risky asset trading with proportional costs. Access to liquid assets creates a diversification motive, which reduces illiquid trading, and a hedging motive, which both reduces illiquid trading and increases liquid trading. A further tempering effect depresses the liquid asset's weight when the illiquid asset's weight is close to ideal, to keep it near that level by reducing its volatility. Multiple liquid assets lead to portfolio separation in four funds: the safe asset, the myopic portfolio, the illiquid asset, and its hedging portfolio.
Retinal vascular caliber associated with cardiac and renal target organ damage in never‐treated hypertensive patients
Authors: Daien Vincent , Granados Loic , Kawasaki Ryo , Villain Max , Ribstein Jean , Du Cailar Guilhem , Mimran Albert , Fesler Pierre 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between retinal vascular caliber and target organ damage in HT patients.MethodsData were collected on cardiac, renal, vascular, and retinal variables in 88 consecutive never‐treated HT subjects. Retinal vascular calibers were measured from fundus photographs by using a semi‐automated computer‐assisted program and summarized as CRAE and CRVE.ResultsMean CRAE and CRVE were significantly lower in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass ≥110 g/m² for women, 125 g/m² for men) than in those with normal left ventricular (CRAE: 129.4±3.7 vs 138.2±2.3 μm; P=.04; CRVE: 195.6±4.4 vs 209.8±2.7 μm; P=.008). CRAE and CRVE were negatively correlated with urinary albumin excretion (β±SE=−15.4±3.2, P<.0001 and β±SE=−11.9±4.4, P=.001, respectively) but were not correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=.21 and P=.75, respectively), carotid‐to‐femoral pulse wave velocity (P=.24 and P=.14), or carotid augmentation index (P=.43 and P=.16).ConclusionIn never‐treated HT patients, reduced CRAE and CRVE were associated with cardiac and renal preclinical damage, ie, left ventricular hypertrophy and albuminuria, but not estimated glomerular filtration rate or vascular stiffness.
Obesity, insulin resistance, and microvascular adaptation
Authors: Frisbee Jefferson C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTwo of the primary risk factors for the progressive evolution of cardiovascular disease are obesity and impaired glycemic control—including both insulin resistance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to increased research emphasis on these conditions, their mechanistic bases, and their health outcomes. This Special Topics Issue of the journal Microcirculation summarizes a symposium at the recent Joint Meeting of the American Physiological Society and the Physiological Society, held in Dublin, Ireland, on July 30, 2016. This symposium, “Adaptive outcomes of microvascular networks to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance,” presented four lectures, each of which addressed the larger issue from a different perspective.
Gastrointestinal symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the general population
Authors: Lee A. D. , Spiegel B. M. , Hays R. D. , Melmed G. Y. , Bolus R. , Khanna D. , Khanna P. P. , Chang L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients report similar gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, yet comparisons of symptom severity between groups and with the general population (GP) are lacking.MethodsWe compared Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®)GIsymptom scales measuring gastro‐esophageal reflux (GER), disrupted swallowing, diarrhea, bowel incontinence, nausea/vomiting, constipation, belly pain, and gas/bloating in: (i) USAGPsample, (ii)IBSpatients, and (iii)IBDpatients from tertiary care and community populations. Symptom severity scores were based on T‐score metric with mean 50±10 (standard deviation) relative to theGP.Key ResultsOf 1643 patients enrolled, there were 253IBSpatients (68% F, mean age 45±15 years), 213IBDpatients (46% F, mean age 41±14 years), and 1177GPsubjects (57% F, mean age 46±16 years).IBSpatients reported greater severity ofGER, disrupted swallowing, nausea/vomiting, belly pain, gas/bloating, and constipation symptoms than theirIBDcounterparts (allP<.05). Compared to theGP,IBDpatients had worse belly pain, gas/bloating, diarrhea, and bowel incontinence, but less severeGERand disrupted swallowing (allP<.05), andIBSpatients had more severe nausea/vomiting, belly pain, gas/bloating, and constipation (allP<.05). Women had more severe belly pain and gas/bloating than men, whereas men had more severe bowel incontinence (allP<.05).Conclusion & InferencesIBSandIBDare associated with more severeGIsymptoms compared to theGPexcluding esophageal symptoms. UnlikeIBD,IBSis not characterized by observableGIinflammation but patients report more severe upper and lowerGIsymptoms.
The emotion of compassion and the likelihood of its expression in nursing practice
Authors: Newham Roger Alan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPhilosophical and empirical work on the nature of the emotions is extensive, and there are many theories of emotions. However, all agree that emotions are not knee jerk reactions to stimuli and are open to rational assessment or warrant. This paper's focus is on the condition or conditions for compassion as an emotion and the likelihood that it or they can be met in nursing practice. Thus, it is attempting to keep, as far as possible, compassion as an emotion separate from both moral norms and professional norms. This is because empirical or causal conditions that can make experiencing and acting out of compassion difficult seem especially relevant in nursing practice. I consider how theories of emotion in general and of compassion in particular are somewhat contested, but all recent accounts agree that emotions are not totally immune to reason. Then, using accounts of constitutive conditions of the emotion of compassion, I will show how they are often likely to be quite fragile or unstable in practice and particularly so within much nursing practice. In addition, some of the conditions for compassion will be shown to be problematic for nursing practice. It is difficult to keep ideas of compassion separate from morality, and this connection is noticeable in the claims made of compassion for nursing and so I will briefly highlight one such connection that of the need for normative theory to give an account of the value that emotions such as compassion presume and that compassionate motivation is separate from moral motivation and may conflict with it. The fragility or instability of the emotion of compassion in practice has implications for both what can be expected and what should be expected of compassion; at least if what is wanted is a realist rather than idealist account of “should.”
The sodium transporter encoded by the HKT1;2 gene modulates sodium/potassium homeostasis in tomato shoots under salinity
Authors: Jaime‐Pérez Noelia , Pineda Benito , García‐Sogo Begoña , Atares Alejandro , Athman Asmini , Byrt Caitlin S. , Olías Raquel , Asins Maria José , Gilliham Matthew , Moreno Vicente , Belver Andrés 
Published: December 2016

AbstractExcessive soil salinity diminishes crop yield and quality. In a previous study in tomato, we identified two closely linked genes encoding HKT1‐like transporters, HKT1;1 and HKT1;2, as candidate genes for a major quantitative trait locus (kc7.1) related to shoot Na+/K+ homeostasis – a major salt tolerance trait – using two populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Here, we determine the effectiveness of these genes in conferring improved salt tolerance by using two near‐isogenic lines (NILs) that were homozygous for either the Solanum lycopersicum allele (NIL17) or for the Solanum cheesmaniae allele (NIL14) at both HKT1 loci; transgenic lines derived from these NILs in which each HKT1;1 and HKT1;2 had been silenced by stable transformation were also used. Silencing of ScHKT1;2 and SlHKT1;2 altered the leaf Na+/K+ ratio and caused hypersensitivity to salinity in plants cultivated under transpiring conditions, whereas silencing SlHKT1;1/ScHKT1;1 had a lesser effect. These results indicate that HKT1;2 has the more significant role in Na+ homeostasis and salinity tolerance in tomato.
The occurrence and control of nitric oxide generation by the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain
Authors: Alber Nicole A. , Sivanesan Hampavi , Vanlerberghe Greg C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe plant mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is bifurcated such that electrons from ubiquinol are passed to oxygen via the usual cytochrome path or through alternative oxidase (AOX). We previously showed that knockdown of AOX in transgenic tobacco increased leaf concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), implying that an activity capable of generating NO had been effected. Here, we identify the potential source of this NO. Treatment of leaves with antimycin A (AA, Qi‐site inhibitor of Complex III) increased NO amount more than treatment with myxothiazol (Myxo, Qo‐site inhibitor) despite both being equally effective at inhibiting respiration. Comparison of nitrate‐grown wild‐type with AOX knockdown and overexpression plants showed a negative correlation between AOX amount and NO amount following AA. Further, Myxo fully negated the ability of AA to increase NO amount. With ammonium‐grown plants, neither AA nor Myxo strongly increased NO amount in any plant line. When these leaves were supplied with nitrite alongside the AA or Myxo, then the inhibitor effects across lines mirrored that of nitrate‐grown plants. Hence the ETC, likely the Q‐cycle of Complex III generates NO from nitrite, and AOX reduces this activity by acting as a non‐energy‐conserving electron sink upstream of Complex III.
An ongoing role forWntsignaling in differentiating melanocytes in vivo
Authors: Vibert Laura , Aquino Gerardo , Gehring Ines , Subkankulova Tatiana , Schilling Thomas F. , Rocco Andrea , Kelsh Robert N. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryA role for Wnt signaling in melanocyte specification from neural crest is conserved across vertebrates, but possible ongoing roles in melanocyte differentiation have received little attention. Using a systems biology approach to investigate the gene regulatory network underlying stable melanocyte differentiation in zebrafish highlighted a requirement for a positive‐feedback loop involving the melanocyte master regulator Mitfa. Here, we test the hypothesis that Wnt signaling contributes to that positive feedback. We show firstly that Wnt signaling remains active in differentiating melanocytes and secondly that enhanced Wnt signaling drives elevated transcription ofmitfa. We show that chemical activation of the Wnt signaling pathway at early stages of melanocyte development enhances melanocyte specification as expected, but importantly that at later (differentiation) stages, it results in altered melanocyte morphology, although melanisation is not obviously affected. Downregulation of Wnt signaling also results in altered melanocyte morphology and organization. We conclude that Wnt signaling plays a role in regulating ongoing aspects of melanocyte differentiation in zebrafish.
Major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder show different autonomic dysregulations revealed by heart‐rate variability analysis in first‐onset drug‐naïve patients without comorbidity
Authors: Shinba Toshikazu 
Published: December 2016

AimThe aim of the present study was to examine whether depression and anxiety disorder manifest different autonomic dysregulations using heart‐rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) measurements.MethodsHRV and HR were recorded both at rest and during task execution (random‐number generation) in first‐onset drug‐naïve patients with major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 14) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, n = 11) as well as in healthy controls (n = 41). The patients showed no comorbidity of depression and anxiety disorder. GAD patients did not exhibit panic or phobic symptoms at the time of measurement. Following power spectrum analysis of HR trend, the high‐ (HF) and low‐frequency (LF) components, the sum (LF + HF), and the LF/HF ratio were compared among the groups.ResultsIn the MDD patients, as previously reported, HF was low and the LF/HF ratio was high during the initial‐rest condition, and HF was less reactive to the task. In contrast, GAD patients showed significantly high HF, although autonomic reactivity was not impaired.ConclusionThe results indicate that baseline autonomic activity and its reactivity to behavioral changes are different between MDD and GAD in the early stage of illness. High parasympathetic tone in GAD may reflect responses of the parasympathetic system to anxiety. MDD is accompanied by an autonomic shift toward sympathetic activation and a reduced reactivity to task.
Simultaneous resting‐state functional MRI and electroencephalography recordings of functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Kirino Eiji , Tanaka Shoji , Fukuta Mayuko , Inami Rie , Arai Heii , Inoue Reiichi , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: December 2016

AimIt remains unclear how functional connectivity (FC) may be related to specific cognitive domains in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we used simultaneous resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) recording in patients with schizophrenia, to evaluate FC within and outside the default mode network (DMN).MethodsOur study population included 14 patients with schizophrenia and 15 healthy control participants. From all participants, we acquired rsfMRI data, and simultaneously recorded EEG data using an MR‐compatible amplifier. We analyzed the rsfMRI‐EEG data, and used the CONN toolbox to calculate the FC between regions of interest. We also performed between‐group comparisons of standardized low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography‐based intracortical lagged coherence for each EEG frequency band.Results
FC within the DMN, as measured by rsfMRI and EEG, did not significantly differ between groups. Analysis of rsfMRI data showed that FC between the right posterior inferior temporal gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex was stronger among patients with schizophrenia compared to control participants.ConclusionAnalysis of FC within the DMN using rsfMRI and EEG data revealed no significant differences between patients with schizophrenia and control participants. However, rsfMRI data revealed over‐modulated FC between the medial prefrontal cortex and right posterior inferior temporal gyrus in patients with schizophrenia compared to control participants, suggesting that the patients had altered FC, with higher correlations across nodes within and outside of the DMN. Further studies using simultaneous rsfMRI and EEG are required to determine whether altered FC within the DMN is associated with schizophrenia.
Successful Treatment of Vitiligo Associated with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease
Authors: Bayer Michelle L. , Chiu Yvonne E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease (VKH) is a rare multisystem disorder with cutaneous, ophthalmic, neurologic, and auditory manifestations. There is a paucity of published literature regarding the management of cutaneous features in VKH. We report a case of VKH‐associated vitiligo responsive to topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors.
The Role of the Disquotational Schema in Wittgenstein's Reflections on Truth
Authors: Frascolla Pasquale 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn the first paragraph, the focus is on the early Wittgenstein's conception of truth: the Disquotational Schema is shown to be derivable from the semantic and ontological principles of the picture theory. Then, the article scrutinises the way the Disquotational Schema provides the basis for what the later Wittgenstein takes as a philosophically appropriate description of the practice of making assertions. The general abstract notion of truth makes room for a situated notion of warranted assertibility as the key‐notion. Last, the issue of how Wright's Argument from Informational Neutrality could be neutralised from the later Wittgenstein's viewpoint is dealt with.
Optimal Placement of a Terrestrial Laser Scanner with an Emphasis on Reducing Occlusions
Authors: Heidari Mozaffar Morteza , Varshosaz Masood 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a new automated algorithm is proposed that finds the optimum locations of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), ensuring completeness of data and minimising the number of scanning locations. The process starts with an initial scan and placing a 3D grid of candidate stations over the entire scan area. A global visibility analysis is then performed to identify the next best view (NBV) location. The TLS is placed on this selected point and a new scan is recorded. Having updated the initial scan with the resulting point cloud, the model is checked for completeness and density. The process is repeated until full coverage of the scan area is achieved by determining the best global arrangement with the minimum number of stations. Experiments show that the algorithm is able to automatically determine the station positions and provide a coverage of 99·5% for simulated data and 91% for real data.