bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potent Thrombolytic Effect of
N
-Acetylcysteine on Arterial Thrombi
Authors: Martinez de Lizarrondo Sara , Gakuba Clément , Herbig Bradley A. , Repessé Yohann , Ali Carine , Denis Cécile V. , Lenting Peter J. , Touzé Emmanuel , Diamond Scott L. , Vivien Denis , Gauberti Maxime 
Published: May 2017

Background:

Platelet cross-linking during arterial thrombosis involves von Willebrand Factor (VWF) multimers. Therefore, proteolysis of VWF appears promising to disaggregate platelet-rich thrombi and restore vessel patency in acute thrombotic disorders such as ischemic stroke, acute coronary syndrome, or acute limb ischemia.
N
-Acetylcysteine (NAC, a clinically approved mucolytic drug) can reduce intrachain disulfide bonds in large polymeric proteins. In the present study, we postulated that NAC might cleave the VWF multimers inside occlusive thrombi, thereby leading to their dissolution and arterial recanalization.

Methods:
Experimental models of thrombotic stroke induced by either intra-arterial thrombin injection or ferric chloride application followed by measurement of cerebral blood flow using a combination of laser Doppler flowmetry and MRI were performed to uncover the effects of NAC on arterial thrombi. To investigate the effect of NAC on larger vessels, we also performed ferric chloride–induced carotid artery thrombosis. In vitro experiments were performed to study the molecular bases of NAC thrombolytic effect, including platelet aggregometry, platelet-rich thrombi lysis assays, thromboelastography (ROTEM), and high-shear VWF string formation using microfluidic devices. We also investigated the putative prohemorrhagic effect of NAC in a mouse model of intracranial hemorrhage induced by in situ collagenase type VII injection.

Results:
We demonstrated that intravenous NAC administration promotes lysis of arterial thrombi that are resistant to conventional approaches such as recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, direct thrombin inhibitors, and antiplatelet treatments. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we provide evidence that the molecular target underlying the thrombolytic effects of NAC is principally the VWF that cross-link platelets in arterial thrombi. Coadministration of NAC and a nonpeptidic GpIIb/IIIa inhibitor further improved its thrombolytic efficacy, essentially by accelerating thrombus dissolution and preventing rethrombosis. Thus, in a new large-vessel thromboembolic stroke model in mice, this cotreatment significantly improved ischemic lesion size and neurological outcome. It is important to note that NAC did not worsen hemorrhagic stroke outcome, suggesting that it exerts thrombolytic effects without significantly impairing normal hemostasis.

Conclusions:
We provide evidence that NAC is an effective and safe alternative to currently available antithrombotic agents to restore vessel patency after arterial occlusion.
Multiscale Atmosphere–Ocean Interactions and the Low-Frequency Variability in the Equatorial Region
Authors: Ramirez Enver , da Silva Dias Pedro L. , Raupp Carlos F. M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In the present study a simplified multiscale atmosphere–ocean coupled model for the tropical interactions among synoptic, intraseasonal, and interannual scales is developed. Two nonlinear equatorial β-plane shallow-water equations are considered: one for the ocean and the other for the atmosphere. The nonlinear terms are the intrinsic advective nonlinearity and the air–sea coupling fluxes. To mimic the main differences between the fast atmosphere and the slow ocean, suitable anisotropic multispace/multitime scalings are applied, yielding a balanced synoptic–intraseasonal–interannual–El Niño (SInEN) regime. In this distinguished balanced regime, the synoptic scale is the fastest atmospheric time scale, the intraseasonal scale is the intermediate air–sea coupling time scale (common to both fluid flows), and El Niño refers to the slowest interannual ocean time scale. The asymptotic SInEN equations reveal that the slow wave amplitude evolution depends on both types of nonlinearities. Analytic solutions of the reduced SInEN equations for a single atmosphere–ocean resonant triad illustrate the potential of the model to understand slow-frequency variability in the tropics. The resonant nonlinear wind stress allows a mechanism for the synoptic-scale atmospheric waves to force intraseasonal variability in the ocean. The intraseasonal ocean temperature anomaly coupled with the atmosphere through evaporation forces synoptic and intraseasonal atmospheric variability. The wave–convection coupling provides another source for higher-order atmospheric variability. Nonlinear interactions of intraseasonal ocean perturbations may also force interannual oceanic variability. The constrains that determine the establishment of the atmosphere–ocean resonant coupling can be viewed as selection rules for the excitation of intraseasonal variability (MJO) or even slower interannual variability (El Niño).
Predicting prognosis in patients with advanced cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Tavares Teresa , Oliveira Margarida , Gonçalves João , Trocado Vera , Perpétuo Jéssica , Azevedo Alexandra , Machado Firmino , Barreto Vasco , Rocha Céu 
Published: May 2017

Background: Prognosis is one of the most challenging questions with which physicians are confronted. Accuracy in the prediction of survival is necessary for clinical, ethical, and organizational reasons. Aim: Evaluate young doctors’ clinical prediction of survival and the aids they could get: expert opinion, Palliative Prognostic score, and Palliative Prognostic Index. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting/participants: Advanced cancer patients under observation of an inhospital palliative care team, from April to July 2014. A total of 38 patients were included, mostly male (65.8%), average age 68.5 years. Average survival time was 24 days. Follow-up concluded with death or after 90 days. Results: Young doctors’ clinical prediction of survival was adequate at 10.5%, with 55.3% severe errors in an optimistic direction. Palliative care experts were more adequate (23.7%) and made less severe errors (42.1%). Palliative Prognostic score and Palliative Prognostic Index were even more adequate (47% and 55%, respectively) and made even less severe errors (0% and 11%, respectively). The best correlation with observed survival was achieved when palliative care experts used palliative prognostic score ( rs = −0.629; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Young doctors’ clinical prediction of survival is often inadequate. Palliative Prognostic score, which includes clinical prediction of survival, calculated by palliative care experts had the best performance. Our results support the recommendation of using clinical prediction of survival together with prognostic scores.
Automotive surrender: The demise of industrial policy in the Australian vehicle industry
Authors: Stanford Jim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAustralia developed a strong and successful automotive manufacturing industry after the Second World War, based on active industrial policy. But in 2017, mass vehicle assembly in the country will cease altogether, as the last global automakers operating in the country close their final plants, with negative spillover effects along the automotive manufacturing supply chain. After 2017, Australia will be the only major industrial country with no vehicle assembly whatsoever. This article analyses the shifts in industrial policy that explain both the initial postwar expansion, and the subsequent decline and closures. Policy-makers incorrectly assumed that the critical goal of stimulating automotive exports could be achieved through trade liberalisation, but dismantling tariffs only stimulated vehicle imports without increasing overseas demand for Australian cars. Production declined in tandem with tariffs, and there was no clear industry policy strategy for facilitating the redirection of released resources to more productive manufacturing activity, when that outcome, predicted in neoliberal comparative advantage theory, failed to materialise. Financial market deregulation, resulting in financialisation of the economy, coupled with high commodity prices, resulted in an overvalued and volatile currency, attracting foreign investors to resources and asset speculation while appearing to increase manufacturing production costs. A clear contrast is drawn between Australia’s policy passivity in recent decades, and the continued policy activism visible in other jurisdictions of all political orientations – including countries which, particularly after the global financial crisis, faced economic and industrial challenges at least as daunting as Australia’s. In the 1970s, Australia had been among the world’s top 10 auto manufacturers; after 2017, it will be one of only two G20 countries completely lacking mass automotive manufacturing capacity. The industry’s disappearance from Australia is shown to have resulted from some unique policy choices: understanding them may help avert future similar policy errors.
Procreative Beneficence, Obligation, and Eugenics
Authors: Sparrow Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe argument of Julian Savulescu's 2001 paper, "Procreative Beneficence: Why We Should Select the Best Children" is flawed in a number of respects. Savulescu confuses reasons with obligations and equivocates between the claim that parents have some reason to want the best for their children and the more radical claim that they are morally obligated to attempt to produce the best child possible. Savulescu offers aprima facieimplausible account of parental obligation, as even the best parents typically fail to do everything they think would be best for their children let alone everything that is in fact best for their children. The profound philosophical difficulties which beset the attempt to formulate a plausible account of thebesthuman life constitute a further independent reason to resile from Savulescu's conclusion. Savulescu's argument also requires parents to become complicit with racist and homophobic (and other forms of) oppression, which is yet another reason to reject it. Removing the equivocation from Savulescu's argument allows us to see that the assertion of an obligation to choose the "best child" has much more in common with the "old" eugenics than Savulescu acknowledges.
Genetics, genetic testing and sports: Aspects from sports cardiology
Authors: Löllgen Herbert , Löllgen Ruth 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
There is a major trade-off between improvements in longevity, general health, fitness and quality of life due to regular intense physical activity on the one hand and possible cardiac risks on the other hand, whether for participants in leisure time sports activities or for highly trained athletes. Cardiac complications and sudden death in sports, even though rare, but dramatic, events, are mainly observed in those suffering from inherited, often latent diseases with a strong genetic background, unknown to the subjects. Sedentary lifestyle together with more than one risk factor may also contribute to cardiac events in persons beginning to exercise for the first time or recommencing intense physical activities after a long pause.
Manifestations of inherited cardiac diseases with a typical genetic component may occur in children or adolescents, but also in adults. For many inherited cardiac diseases there is a large body of knowledge on the genetic origin, therefore, genetic testing may be a valuable tool for diagnosis and prevention of underlying diseases, especially as genetic testing has become much cheaper over the last few years.
The present paper describes cardiac diseases with genetic disposition and related genetic testing and presents recommendations for genetic examinations. Testing should be of benefit for sportsmen and women but also for family members to prevent fatal cardiac events. These recommendations will consider benefits for the sports person, and ethical reflections as well.
Complete genome sequence of bacteriochlorophyll-synthesizing bacterium Porphyrobacter neustonensis DSM 9434
Authors: Liu Qian , Wu Yue-Hong , Cheng Hong , Xu Lin , Wang Chun-Sheng , Xu Xue-Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe genus Porphyrobacter belongs to aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria cluster. Porphyrobacter neustonensis DSM 9434 was isolated from a eutrophic freshwater pond in Australia, and is able to synthesize Bacteriochlorophyll a as well as grow under aerobic conditions. It is the type species of the genus Porphyrobacter. Here we describe the characteristics of the strain DSM 9434, including the genome sequence and annotation, synthesis of BChl a, and metabolic pathways of the organism. The genome of strain DSM 9434 comprises 3,090,363 bp and contains 2,902 protein-coding genes, 47 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA genes. Strain DSM 9434 encodes 46 genes which participate in BChl a synthesis and this investigation shed light on the evolution and functional implications regarding bacteriochlorophyll synthesis.
Safety and Antitumor Activity of Pembrolizumab in Advanced Programmed Death Ligand 1–Positive Endometrial Cancer: Results From the KEYNOTE-028 Study
Authors: Ott Patrick A. , Bang Yung-Jue , Berton-Rigaud Dominique , Elez Elena , Pishvaian Michael J. , Rugo Hope S. , Puzanov Igor , Mehnert Janice M. , Aung Kyaw L. , Lopez Juanita , Carrigan Marion , Saraf Sanatan , Chen Mei , Soria Jean-Charles 
Published: May 2017

Purpose The multicohort phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 (NCT02054806) study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab, an anti–programmed death 1 monoclonal antibody, in patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) –positive advanced solid tumors. The results from the advanced endometrial cancer cohort are reported. Patients and Methods Female patients with locally advanced or metastatic PD-L1–positive endometrial cancer who had experienced progression after standard therapy were eligible. Patients received pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for up to 24 months or until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary efficacy end point was objective response rate by RECIST (version 1.1). Secondary end points included safety, duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival, and overall survival. The data cutoff was February 17, 2016. Results Of 75 patients screened, 36 (48.0%) had PD-L1–positive tumors, and 24 (32.0%) were enrolled. Fifteen (62.5%) of these 24 patients had received at least two previous lines of therapy for advanced disease. Three patients (13.0%) achieved confirmed partial response (95% CI, 2.8% to 33.6%); the median DOR was not reached. Two patients were still receiving treatment and exhibiting continued response at time of data cutoff. Three additional patients (13.0%) achieved stable disease, with a median duration of 24.6 weeks. One patient who achieved partial response had a polymerase E mutation. Thirteen patients (54.2%) experienced treatment-related adverse events (AEs), with fatigue (20.8%), pruritus (16.7%), pyrexia (12.5%), and decreased appetite (12.5%) occurring in ≥ 10% of patients. Grade 3 treatment-related AEs were reported in four patients. No patient experienced a grade 4 AE, and no patient discontinued treatment because of an AE. Conclusion Pembrolizumab demonstrated a favorable safety profile and durable antitumor activity in a subgroup of patients with heavily pretreated advanced PD-L1–positive endometrial cancer.
Board Structure Mandates: Consequences for Director Location and Financial Reporting
Authors: Alam Zinat S. , Chen Mark A. , Ciccotello Conrad S. , Ryan Harley E. 
Published: May 2017

We examine how the director independence mandates of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) and related reforms affected board geography and the quality of financial reporting. Using 1998–2006 data on the residential addresses of individual directors, we document that the geographic proximity to headquarters of audit committees and other monitoring committees declined upon implementation of the mandates. The decrease in proximity was especially large for those firms that were both SOX noncompliant and supply constrained in local director labor markets at the time the reforms were enacted. Moreover, firms with larger SOX-related losses of director proximity experienced significantly greater post-SOX declines in earnings quality. Our findings therefore suggest that, for some firms, the director independence mandates had unintended consequences for financial reporting quality. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2736 . This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Proton Therapy: A New Tool for Treating Cancer
Authors: Pang Lawrence 
Published: May 2017

One of the most effective ways of combating cancer is radiation therapy. Traditionally, radiation therapy uses photons in the form of high-energy x-ray radiation, which ionizes (i.e. removes or adds an electron) atoms in the DNA chains of cancerous cells. This changes the chemical properties of the atom, damaging the DNA and preventing the cancerous cell from multiplying. Une des façons les plus efficaces de combattre le cancer est la radiothérapie. Traditionnellement, la radiothérapie utilise des photons en forme de rayonnement ionisant à haute énergie, ce qui ionise (c.-à-d., retire ou ajoute un électron) les atomes dans la chaîne ADN des cellules cancéreuses. Ceci change les propriétés chimiques de l’atome, endommageant l’ADN et empêchant la multiplication des cellules cancéreuses.
The problems of older workforce in working life: The case of Kirklareli<p>Yaşlı işgücünün çalışma hayatındaki sorunları: Kırklareli ili örneği
Authors: Aydın Aykut 
Published: May 2017

Significant decrease in the rate of population growth across the world and the rise in the average life expectancy in recent years has caused and increase in the rate of elderly in general population and has drawn attention to demographic ageing process in the world.Employment of the workforce at an advanced age will provide some development in the economic apportinuties of them and will increase their participation in social and cultural fields. Therefore discussing elderly indivudial’s problems in working life is important especially to produce sensible and lasting solutions for active ageing and to be able to deal with many negative consequences caused by demographic transition in the final stage.The study intented to the descriptive aim as prospective was carried out to determine the problems of older workers in Kirklareli. In the study random sampling method is used to code data statistical analysis is made by using SPSS 13 Programme.According to the concequences of the study, it was determined that 67% of employers don’t know using tecnology, 47% of them prefer young employees for the hard work and prefer older employees for the light work. Also it was determined that 67% of the employees experience physical problems, 87% of the employees complain with negative impacts of stress to their working quality, 73% of them think that they are exposed to the aged discrimination and 34% of them experience chronic fatigue. ÖzetSon dönemlerde dünyada görülen nüfus artış hızındaki önemli azalış ve ortalama yaşam beklentisindeki yükseliş, genel nüfus içindeki yaşlı nüfus oranının artmasına neden olmakta ve dünyadaki demografik yaşlanma sürecine dikkati çekmektedir. İleri yaş işgücünün istihdamı, söz konusu kesimin ekonomik imkânlarını geliştirmenin yanında, onların sosyal ve kültürel alanlara da katılımlarını arttıracaktır.Tanımlayıcı amaca yönelik prospektif olarak gerçekleşen çalışma; Kırklareli İli yaşlı işgücünün sorunlarını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemlerinden gelişigüzel örnekleme yöntemiyle toplanan veriler kodlanarak, very analizi SPSS 13 paket programında gerçekleştirildi.Çalışma sonucunda, işverene özgü; teknoloji kullanımının bilinmediği (% 67) ve işverenlerin % 47’sinin ağır iş yükü olan işlerde genç yaş grubunu; hafif derece işlerde ise ileri yaş grubunu istihdam etmek istedikleri belirlendi.İşçi açısından bakıldığında ise; % 67’sinin fiziksel rahatsızlık yaşadığı; iş yerinde yaşanan psikolojik gerilimin-stresin işçilerin % 87’sine negative yönde etkilediği, çalışma kalitesini ve iş doyumunu düşürdüğü; katılımcıların % 73’ünün yaşa bağlı ayrımcılığa maruz kaldığını düşündüğü ve %34’ünün kronik yorgunluk yaşadığı görüldü.
Characterization and mitigation of 3D mask effects in extreme ultraviolet lithography
Authors: Erdmann Andreas , Xu Dongbo , Evanschitzky Peter , Philipsen Vicky , Luong Vu , Hendrickx Eric 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe reflection and diffraction of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light from lithographic masks and the projection imaging of these masks by all-reflective systems introduce several significant imaging artifacts. The off-axis illumination of the mask causes asymmetric shadowing, a size bias between features with different orientations and telecentricity errors. The image contrast varies with the feature orientation and can easily drop far below intuitively expected values. The deformation of the wavefront or phase of the incident light by thick absorbers generates aberration-like effects, especially variations of the best-focus (BF) position vs. the pitch and size of the imaged patterns. Partial reflection of light from the top of the absorber generates a weak secondary image, which superposes with the main image. Based on a discussion of the root causes of these phenomena, we employ mask diffraction and imaging analysis for a quantitative analysis of these effects for standard EUV masks. Simulations for various non-standard types of mask stacks (e.g. etched multilayers, buried shifters, etc.) and for various non-standard absorber materials are used to explore the imaging capabilities of alternative masks for EUV lithography. Finally, an outlook at anamorphic systems for larger numerical apertures is given.
edoweb als Webarchiv des Landesbibliothekszentrums Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Jendral Lars 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Das Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz betreibt mit dem hbz als technischem Dienstleister seit 2003 den Archivserver edoweb. In Fortschreibung des landeskundlichen Sammelauftrags wurden seitdem auch thematische Websites über Rheinland-Pfalz oder repräsentierende Websites von Landesinstitutionen gesammelt. Dargestellt werden die rechtlichen Grundlagen, Sammlungsschwerpunkte und die Entwicklung der zum Einsatz gekommenen technischen Systeme.
Numerical Simulation of Inclusion Capture in the Slab Continuous Casting Considering the Influence of the Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing
Authors: Yin Yanbin , Zhang Jiongming , Lei Shaowu , Wang Zhitong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the present work, a coupled three-dimensional numerical model of fluid flow, heat transfer, and inclusion motion during the solidification of molten steel in slab continuous casting mold has been developed. Based on the model, this paper has studied the inclusion capture during the process. The influence of the primary dendrite arm spacing on inclusion capture has been considered. The inclusion distributions, total masses, and average diameters at different depth from the slab surface have been given out in the present paper. The simulation results revealed the inclusion concentration existed in the solidification process, and the inclusion capturing area varies with the depth from the slab surface.