bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Вплив екскрецій Capreolus capreolus і Sus scrofa на активність аланінамінотрансферази в листках Glechoma hederacea в умовах забруднення кадмієм
Authors: Vasilyuk O. M. , Pakhomov O. Y. 
Published: May 2016

Досліджено активність (нМ піровиноградної кислоти/мл∙с) ферменту азотного метаболізму аланінамінотрансфераза (АLТ, EC 2.6.1.2) та вміст альбумінів (мг/мл) у листках Glechoma hederacea L., яка домінувала на дослідній території (липово-ясенева діброва зі Stellaria holostea L.) на фоні солей Cd, екскретів ссавців Capreolus capreolus L. та Sus scrofa L. та їх спільної дії. Cd вносили у вигляді солі Cd(NO3)2 у концентраціях 0,25, 1,25, та 2,50 г/м2, що еквівалентно 1, 5 та 10 ГДК Cd. При внесенні враховували кількість ГДК для Cd (5 мг/кг ґрунту). Виявлено достовірне інгібіювання активності АЛТ у 3–4 рази (на фоні 1 та 5 ГДК Cd). Подібний відгук на стрес відбувався й у білковому метаболізмі. Визначено достовірне зниження вмісту альбумінів до 72% та 80% (на фоні 1 та 5 ГДК Cd) відносно контролю (ділянка без забруднення Cd та екскретів ссавців), що доводить неспецифічність реакції на стрес. Використання екскрементів C. capreolus та S. scrofa показало нівелювання впливу Cd за рахунок підвищення активності метаболізму АЛТ на 41% та 105% відповідно (на фоні 1 ГДК Cd) відносно контролю (контроль 1 ГДК Cd). Дія Cd у дозі 5 ГДК достовірно відносно контролю (контроль 5 ГДК Cd) нівельована тільки на фоні екскрементів C. capreolus. Виявлено нормалізацію вмісту альбумінів при залученні екскрементів С. capreolus при 1 та 5 ГДК Cd відносно контролів. За умов 10 ГДК Cd інгібіювався нітратний обмін на 50% на фоні екскретів як C. capreolus, так і S. scrofa відносно контролю (контроль 10 ГДК Cd). Eкскреції S. scrofa порівняно із C. capreolus сприяли відновленню на 10% вмісту альбумінів відносно контролю. З’ясовано доцільність використання різних представників зооценозу для комплексного регулювання змін навколишнього середовища в умовах Степу України.
New approaches to quality control for cultures of insects for rearing
Authors: Markina T. Y. 
Published: May 2016

An analytical review of existing methods of quality control for cultures of insects for rearing is presented. It is shown that there is a need to search for new approaches to solving this problem. The suggested methods for quality control for insect cultures are based on the rule of taxis intensity dependence on insect viability level. Testing of new methods of control and prediction of biological material viability was carried out on several breeds of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) and a laboratory culture of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). It was established that the caterpillars of silkworm breeds with high viability show higher chemotaxis intensity. It was found that intensity of taxis manifestation can be considered as a criterion of population condition. Selection of the most promising breeds of silkworm can be carried out at the moment of hatching without expensive rearing. It was shown that testing of neonate caterpillars by chemotaxis intensity provides the control of viability in all stages of insect development. Evaluation of chemotaxis intensity of adult males on female sex pheromone gives the possibility to select the specimens with the highest physiological properties for hybridization as well as to predict viability for progeny. The method of biological material selection by chemotaxis intensity was improved due to decrease the time of selection from 30 to 15 minutes and preliminary starvation of these insects. Positive correlation was evaluated between general viability of silkworm culture and intensity of chemotaxis of neonate larvae to the smell of mulberry leaf during 15 minutes after 12 hours of starvation. A significant increase of viability for silkworm breeds and hybrids was registered using such selection method during the spring and summer rearing. This selection method can be used also for assessment of culture viability. A new express-method of biological material selection for insect cultures establishment has been approbated. It is based on the positive correlation between insect viability parameters and their trophotaxis intensity. It is shown that for establishment of a laboratory culture of gypsy moth it is necessary to obtain the material from populations with the highest chemotaxis intensity. It was experimentally proved that parameters of chemotaxis intensity and insect viability reflect a certain level of population heterozygosity. The higher is the intensity of chemotaxis, the higher is the relative level of population heterozygosity. This fact gives the possibility to determine the level of heterozygosity for artificial insect populations by testing larvae for chemotaxis intensity. This method may be suitable for monitoring of natural populations condition in zones with intensive anthropogenic loading.
Heavy metals in the small rivers of Ternopil region under different types of anthropogenic pressure
Authors: Prokopchuk O. , Hrubinko V. 
Published: May 2016

The dynamic of content and peculiarities of migration of heavy metals in small rivers of Ternopil region were analyzed (Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pb). It was determined that cobalt does not exceed maximum permissible levels, whereas the content of other metals exceed these levels at rates from 2 to 42 times the emission limit set by the fishing industry. The waters of Ternopil region are the richest in the compounds of iron and manganese by virtue of the lithological content of the researched water basins. The excess in Mn and Fe concentration in river water is caused by occurrence of these elements in abiotic components of river valleys, particularly in areas with iron and manganese, alluvial deposits, clay soils with ferrous metal compounds and leaching of elements from rock, soil and forest litter. As our research showed, increased metal content in water basins is caused by natural factors (river running through areas with ore and where leaching of ore occurs it, reaction of interstitial water, metals appearing in ground water run-off), anthropogenic (waste waters of industrial plants, agricultural outwash, fuel combustion) and hydrochemical factors of the hydroecosystem itself (consumption and releasing of metals by hydrobionts, aquatic habitat pH, metals coming in from ground sediments, metals released from complexes with organic compounds, methylation of non-organic metal compounds). A comparative analysis of the pollution levels of Ternopil region water basins by heavy metals was completed. It was determined that the river most heavily contaminated by the content of nutrients and non-biogenic HM is the Zolota Lypa and the cleanest is the River Strypa, which allows us to recommend the use of water composition as a reference indicator in assessing the ecological state of the region’s surface waters.
An updated checklist of the Thysanoptera of Panama with comments on host associations
Authors: Goldarazena Arturo , Gattesco Francesco , Atencio Randy , Korytowski Cheslavo 
Published: May 2016

An updated biological catalogue of the Thysanoptera of Panama is presented. As a result the new checklist presented here records 246 species, 87 of which were collected during a recent survey.
Marka i jej twórcy – ujęcie globalne
Authors: Giszterowicz Agnieszka 
Published: May 2016

When trying to convey the meaning of the term brand as a global phenomenon, a broad scope of references can be taken into account. Brand management is an attractive area because it is related to emotions and the influences it has on consumers. A brand can have connotations with art because it is necessary that their creators have a sense of beauty and aesthetics just the same as artists have. A brand manager is an artist who creates pictures and stories. Each brand, like each artefact, carries a certain message. It just happens that this message crosses boundaries and states – even continental boundaries. A brand that communicates intercontinentally and inter-culturally requires from its creator (the communicate sender) a global and multicultural approach, which may be reflected in the very presence on the international market, in the vastness of cultural knowledge or in the power to abolish cultural barriers, respecting their differences at the same time. The aim of this paper is to present brands and their creators in an international context. Thus, a broad historical note has been sketched in order to demonstrate the world history of brands and their creators in terms of winning global markets. The paper takes into account the specificity of the global product as such and exhibits selected, globally recognisable brands in the light of their informative functions and communicative properties. For support, the author has turned to M. Mazur’s cybernetic theory. The aim of the discourse is to set out such aspects of brands that are in some way interrelated with the notion of globalisation, as well as to prove that brand is a multidimensional phenomenon, i.e. historic, economic, social and cultural, having world-wide effects.
O Consumo consciente e solidário: Direitos Humanos, Movimentos ecológico-sociais e a promoção do Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
Authors: Braga Fábio Rezende , Piovesan Flavia Cristina 
Published: May 2016

O consumo é um dos aspectos ligados a atividade econômica e é a forma pela qual o ser humano adquire ou utiliza de bens ou serviços. A escolha do que, e como, consumimos leva a inúmeras implicações, desde a valorização da identidade cultural até mesmo ao modo pelo qual uma sociedade se desenvolve. Nós somos produtos e parte do processo de escolha do que consumimos. Levando em consideração que o direito ao desenvolvimento é um direito intrinsicamente conectado com a ideia de permitir as pessoas o amplo florescimento de suas capacidades é possível entender o quanto um consumo ético e solidário é importante para que seja cabível o discurso acerca de um verdadeiro direito ao desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, os movimentos ecológico-sociais se mostram como importantes espaços de luta e conscientização acerca da conservação ambiental e do consumo consciente visando um desenvolvimento humano e sustentável. Um horizonte de possibilidades a promoção do principal projeto político e social da modernidade – o desenvolvimento sustentável. O presente trabalho tem caráter qualitativo e a construção dos dados será realizada sobre a base da pesquisa bibliográfica. A pesquisa bibliográfica nos oferecerá o aporte necessário para compreender os conceitos, princípios e instituições jurídicas que estruturam o objeto.
An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach to Analyze the Interaction between Factors of the Fair Value Measurement Audit Process
Authors: Doliya Prince , Singh Jatinder P. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Fair value measurements (FVM) have now emerged as an integral part of accounting and auditing standards. Many countries across the globe have initiated FVM-based standards and others are in the process of their adoption. The FVM audit process is, nevertheless, a tedious job for auditors, mainly because of the influence of numerous direct or indirect factors in the audit process and its outcome. A major issue for auditors is to identify and understand the complexity of these factors for a FVM audit. To the best of the authors' knowledge, extant literature discusses these factors independently but fails to identify and analyze their interrelationships and holistic impact on the FVM audit process. The authors strongly feel that a comprehensive study of these factors may help in a better understanding of the FVM audit process. With this backdrop, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) has been employed for studying and establishing the relationships among the factors in this article. While discussing the interdependence of factors, an attempt is also made to classify them as drivers (that affect others) and dependent (affected by driving) factors in the FVM audit process. Contextual areas of further research have also been identified. This study can be of use to practitioners, academicians, and standard-setting regulators to better understand the FVM audit process.
Exploring the Determinants of Fuel wood Use in Western Hill Nepal: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Bhattarai Lekh Nath 
Published: May 2016

<p>Forest resources use at the household level may be determined by socio-economic as well as physical factors adjacent to the users. This paper is based on the study conducted by the author to explore the determinants of fuelwood use at household level with field survey data from the samples of households along the stretch of middle hills in Arghakhanchi District, west Nepal. The findings of multiple regression analysis clearly suggest that the physical quantity of fuelwood used per capita is significantly influenced by the households’ socio-economic indicators such as income, household size, landholding, and domestic animal holding and to some extent caste and ethnicity. Similarly, the distance to nearest forest is also an important predictor, exhibiting negative and significant effect. But the net effects of per capita landholding on per capita fuel wood collected from public forest appeared to be negative. It is not only an indication of higher dependency of poor on public forests but also an evidence of manifestation of their deprivation. It leads to imply a fact that the use of forest resource such as fuelwood can be reduced increasing the socio-economic status of the users.</p><p><strong>Economic Literature,</strong> Vol. XI (26-34), June 2013 </p>
In Vitro Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Artifacts of Anesthetic Devices
Authors: Bajracharya Uday , Rawal Prabhat 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Deep sedation or general anesthesia is usually required for Magnetic Resonance Imaging when patients cannot remain motionless in the suite. Various anesthetic devices have been used to maintain the airway and ventilate the lungs during this period but some of them produce artifacts that pose difficulties in the interpretation of images. The aim of this study was to identify the devices that produced artifacts during Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Methods: Twelve anesthetic devices were considered: oro-pharyngeal airway, naso-pharygeal airway, face mask with reservoir bag, nasal cannula, endotracheal tube, disposable Ambu Laryngeal Mask Airway, Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique, Disposable Laryngeal Tube Sonda, i-gel, Ambubag, Bain Circuit, Jackson Rees Circuit.Magnetic Resonance Imaging was performed with each device placed on the top of a phantom simulator respectively to resemble the position in vivo.Results: The artifacts with Disposable Laryngeal Tube Sonda, Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique and endotracheal tube were related to ferromagnetic material in the pilot valve were similar. No artifacts were found with oro-pharyngeal airway, naso-pharygeal airway, nasal cannula, endo-tracheal tube with pilot valve detached, face masks with reservoir bag (metal removed), Ambu bag (without Adjustable Pressure Limiting valve), i-gel , disposable Ambu Laryngeal Mask Airway, Bain Circuit and Jackson Rees Circuit.Conclusions: Anesthetic devices not containing any ferromagnetic material are recommended for use during MRI scanning to reduce artifacts.
Ewing’s Sarcoma of Kidney- a Rare Case
Authors: Thapa Bikash Bukram , Thapa Narayan , Bhandari Bharat Bahadur , Hamal Bhairab Kumar 
Published: May 2016

Ewing’s sarcoma of kidney is rare and aggressive tumor of young adult with diagnostic challenges. Clinical presentations and imaging are non specific. The diagnosis depends on histopathology and immunohistochemistry and treatment encompass multimodality approach. We present here a case of Ewing’s sarcoma kidney of a young adult managed in our institution.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Cationic Esterquat Surfactants and the Evaluation of its Physico-Chemical Properties
Authors: Umapathy Manickam Janarthana , Narayanan Venu Lakshimi , Magesan P. , Chiranjeevi P. , Jemima Susan W. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Three biodegradable cationic esterquat surfactants such as 2-(dodecanoyloxy)-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)ethane-1-ammonium chloride (II-a), 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2-(tetradecanoyloxy) ethyl) ethane-1-ammonium chloride (II-b) and 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-N-palmitoyloxy) ethyl) ethane-1-ammonium chloride (II-c) have been synthesized. The synthesis involves the esterification of three different fatty acids (lauric, myristic and palmitic) with triethanolamine followed by the quaternization with epichlorohydrin. The synthesized surfactants have been characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elementary analysis. Physico-chemical properties such as surface tension and interfacial tension, Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC), wetting time, foam stability, and emulsion stability have been evaluated. Based on the results of the physico-chemical properties, the efficacy of the surfactants is in the following order II-c > II-b > II-a.
Characteristics of Block Copolymers of Methyl Oxirane and Oxirane Derivatives of 2-Ethylhexanol as Obtained with KOH and Dimetalcyanide Type Catalyst
Authors: Hreczuch Wiesław , Chruściel Arkadiusz , Dąbrowska Karolina , Di Serio Martino , Yongqiang Sun 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Two series of block copolymers of methyloxirane and oxirane, derivatives of 2-ethylhexanol, were obtained with the use of KOH as a conventional homogeneous alkaline catalyst and a coordinative dimetalcyanide catalyst (DMC), respectively. The DMC type catalyst showed much higher kinetic activities and its reaction exhibited a narrower distribution of homologues, as compared with those obtained in the presence of KOH. The thermogravimetric technique was proposed for the characterization of the fractional content of products. The pluming phenomenon and VOCs content were discussed as a practical aspect of the differences in fractional compositions of the products examined.
Green Synthesis and Surface Properties of Acyl Glycine Surfactants Derived from Vegetable Oils
Authors: Zhang Gui-ju , Chai Chen-xing , Tan Ting-ting , Xu Bao-cai , Zhou Ya-wen , Liu Hong-qin , Zhao Li , Wang Nan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Oils from coconut, peanut, and soybean were reacted as acyl donors with sodium glycinate to synthesize acyl glycine surfactants. From these three oils a series of acyl glycines with different acyl chain lengths was obtained. The proportion of each component was consistent with the composition of fatty acids derived from the three vegetable oils. The surface properties of the corresponding sodium salts were determined. Sodium cocoyl glycinate, the sodium salt of acyl glycine from peanut oil, and the sodium salt of acyl glycine from soybean oil reduced the surface tension of water to 33.1, 31.6, and 33.4 mN · m−1, respectively, at corresponding critical micelle concentrations of 0.21, 0.057, and 0.05 mmol · L−1. The three acyl glycine surfactants exhibited favorable foam properties, good detergency, and good emulsifying properties.
Phase equilibria in the Au–Bi–Sn ternary system at temperatures of 80, 125, and 150 °C
Authors: Hsiao Hsien-Ming , Chang Yen-Wei , Chen Chih-Ming , Chen Pei-Yu , Wu Yi-Pin , Yen Yee-Wen 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Sn–Bi alloys form some of the common types of Pb-free solders. Au is used as one of the under bump metallization layers due to advantages such as corrosion resistance and anti-oxidation properties. Phase equilibria information plays a vital role in the development of materials technology and serves as an important tool to understand interfacial reactions at heterointerfaces. In this study, the phase equilibria in the Au–Bi–Sn ternary system were experimentally investigated at temperatures of 80, 125, and 150 °C. The results indicated that a ternary phase with a composition of Au45 – 48-Bi36 – 38-Sn14–19 (at.%) was found in the Au–Bi–Sn ternary system at these three temperatures.
OGLE-2014-BLG-0257L: A MICROLENSING BROWN DWARF ORBITING A LOW-MASS M DWARF
Authors: Han C. , Jung Y. K. , Udalski A. , Gould A. , Bozza V. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Poleski R. , Kozłowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Skowron J. , Ulaczyk K. , Wyrzykowski Ł. ,   (The OGLE Collaboration)
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we report the discovery of a binary composed of a brown dwarf (BD) and a low-mass M dwarf from observation of the microlensing event OGLE-2014-BLG-0257. The resolution of the very brief caustic crossing combined with the detection of subtle continuous deviation in the lensing light curve induced by the Earth’s orbital motion enable us to precisely measure both the Einstein radius

and the lens parallax

, which are the two quantities needed to unambiguously determine the mass and distance to the lens. It is found that the companion is a substellar BD with a mass of

(

) and it is orbiting an M dwarf with a mass of

. The binary is located at a distance of 1.25 ± 0.13 kpc toward the Galactic bulge and the projected separation between the binary components is 0.61 ± 0.07 au. The separation scaled by the mass of the host is

. Based on the assumption that separations scale with masses, the discovered BD is located in the BD desert. With the growing sample of BDs in various environments, microlensing will provide a powerful probe of BDs in the Galaxy.
THE STORY OF SUPERNOVA “REFSDAL” TOLD BY MUSE*
Authors: Grillo C. , Karman W. , Suyu S. H. , Rosati P. , Balestra I. , Mercurio A. , Lombardi M. , Treu T. , Caminha G. B. , Halkola A. , Rodney S. A. , Gavazzi R. , Caputi K. I. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations in the core of the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223, where the first magnified and spatially resolved multiple images of supernova (SN) “Refsdal” at redshift 1.489 were detected. Thanks to a Director's Discretionary Time program with the Very Large Telescope and the extraordinary efficiency of MUSE, we measure 117 secure redshifts with just 4.8 hr of total integration time on a single 1 arcmin2 target pointing. We spectroscopically confirm 68 galaxy cluster members, with redshift values ranging from 0.5272 to 0.5660, and 18 multiple images belonging to seven background, lensed sources distributed in redshifts between 1.240 and 3.703. Starting from the combination of our catalog with those obtained from extensive spectroscopic and photometric campaigns using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we select a sample of 300 (164 spectroscopic and 136 photometric) cluster members, within approximately 500 kpc from the brightest cluster galaxy, and a set of 88 reliable multiple images associated with 10 different background source galaxies and 18 distinct knots in the spiral galaxy hosting SN “Refsdal.” We exploit this valuable information to build six detailed strong-lensing models, the best of which reproduces the observed positions of the multiple images with an rms offset of only 0.″26. We use these models to quantify the statistical and systematic errors on the predicted values of magnification and time delay of the next emerging image of SN “Refsdal.” We find that its peak luminosity should occur between 2016 March and June and should be approximately 20% fainter than the dimmest (S4) of the previously detected images but above the detection limit of the planned HST/WFC3 follow-up. We present our two-dimensional reconstruction of the cluster mass density distribution and of the SN “Refsdal” host galaxy surface brightness distribution. We outline the road map toward even better strong-lensing models with a synergetic MUSE and HST effort.