bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A school-based cluster-randomized pragmatic trial to control dental caries using minimally invasive interventions
Authors: Ruff Ryan Richard , Gawande Aditi Ashish , Xu Qianhui , Barry Godín Tamarinda J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence-based non-surgical interventions to halt the progression of dental caries, the most prevalent noncommunicable disease in the world, include atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF). Data are needed on their effectiveness when used in school caries prevention programs.MethodsIn this school-based, cluster-randomized pragmatic trial conducted from February 1, 2018 to June 1, 2023, 48 primary schools in New York City were randomly assigned to receive either silver diamine fluoride or atraumatic restorations for untreated caries on any mesial, occlusal, distal, buccal, and lingual surface of permanent molars, premolars, and primary molars. All children then received fluoride varnish. Children were treated by either dental hygienists, pediatric dentists, or medical nurses (SDF group only). Dental caries was diagnosed as any lesion scoring either 5 or 6 on the ICDAS scale. The primary outcome was the caries control rate.ResultsA total of 7418 children were enrolled in the trial, of which 1668 (861 in the SDF group, 807 in the ART group) presented with treatable dental caries and completed at least one follow-up observation. The total surface-level failure in the SDF group was 38.3%, compared to 45.5% in the ART group. There were 2167 failures observed in SDF participants over 1372 person-years, compared to 2116 ART failures over 1291 person-years, yielding an incidence rate ratio of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.86, 1.03). At the subject level, 45.5% of SDF recipients experienced at least one surface failure, compared to 53.3% of ART recipients. There were no significant differences in the risk of recurrent surface failure between treatments (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.82, 1.04).ConclusionsIn this four-year pragmatic trial of school-based utilization of minimally invasive interventions for dental caries, similar control rates were observed in children receiving either SDF or ART. These results support the use of secondary preventive therapies for school dental programs.Author rolesRRR conceptualization, formal analysis, methodology, funding acquisition, supervision, writing-original draft; AG: formal analysis; QX: formal analysis; TJBG: data curation, investigation.
Impact of Remote Monitoring on Clinical Outcomes in Defibrillator Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Chand Sandeep , Torres Barbara , Vickers David , Whitten Tara A , Mardell Andrew , Sumner Glen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundRemote monitoring (RM) has become the standard of care in many Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) clinics across North America and Europe. Some clinics are even adopting an alert-based, RM-only strategy for select patients. However, it remains unclear whether RM, compared to usual non-remote care, impacts the total number of CIED clinic visits, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. Because such outcomes and their relationship to RM may be magnified in the presence of a global COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to perform an interrupted time series analysis to observe trends in these outcomes in response to the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we utilized existing electronic provincial databases maintained by Alberta Health Services (AHS) and Alberta Health (AH) to determine CIED visits, emergency room visits, cardiovascular (CV) hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. We performed Interrupted Time Series (ITS) analysis to compare outcome trends in ICD-patients with and without RM in Alberta, both during the COVID-19 pandemic and the pre-pandemic period. We defined the time-period of the pandemic as March 17, 2020, to July 17, 2021. Pre-pandemic was defined as March 17, 2018, to March 16, 2020. We compared best model fits using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), selecting the model with the lowest AIC for each outcome. The best-fitting models were plotted. Outcomes between RM and non-RM groups were compared using regression models, with differences reported using 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe CIED population consisted of 6,183 ICD patients from March 17, 2018, to July 17, 2021. Of these, 2,989 (48.3%) had access to RM. Our study found that access to virtual consultations sharply increased at the onset of the pandemic in both cohorts, though this trend was significantly higher in the RM group. Conversely, a sharp decline in in-person visits was observed for RM patients. Compared to those without RM, patients with RM showed no significant differences in all-cause mortality, hospitalizations, or emergency room visits, and these trends were not impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionIn ICD patients with and without RM, the number of virtual consultations increased while in-person visits decreased during the pandemic. However, no significant changes in the trends of cardiovascular hospitalizations, emergency room visits, or all-cause mortality were observed in either group during this period. This suggests that RM did not significantly impact key health outcomes for ICD-patients during the pandemic in Alberta.
A distinctive PI(4,5)P2compartment forms during entosis and related engulfment processes
Authors: Durgan Joanne , Sloan Katherine , Domart Marie-Charlotte , Collinson Lucy M , Florey Oliver 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEntosis is a form of cell cannibalism prevalent in human tumours. During entosis, one live and viable epithelial cell is completely internalised by another, then housed inside a large, single-membrane, endolysosomal vacuole in the host cytosol. The composition and maturation of this specialised, macroendocytic compartment has not been fully defined, but ultimately, the inner cell is killed and digested by host lysosomes. Here, we investigate the molecular characteristics and maturation profile of the entotic vacuole. Like phagosomes and macropinosomes, this vacuole undergoes a series of phospholipid modifications, but its maturation profile bears distinctive dynamics. While PI(4,5)P2is lost rapidly during phagosome maturation, entosis yields an unusual, intracellular PI(4,5)P2-positive compartment, that can persist for hours, suggesting vacuole maturation is uncoupled from membrane scission. Loss of PI(4,5)P2is eventually triggered, a requisite step for lysosomal killing of the internalised cell. More broadly, PI(4,5)P2-positive vacuoles also form during T-cell engulfment by thymic nurse cells, dependent on ROCK activity, suggesting this distinctive compartment represents a shared feature of entosis-like cell engulfments.
Executive control can query hidden human memories
Authors: Zhao Chong , Fukuda Keisuke , Woodman Geoffrey F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhen we try to retrieve a representation from visual long-term memory there is a chance that we will fail to recall seeing it even though the memory is stored in our brain. Here we show that although mechanisms of explicit memory retrieval are sometimes unable to retrieve stored memories, that mechanisms of executive control can quickly query memory and determine if a representation is stored therein. Our findings suggest that the representations stored in human memory that cannot be accessed explicitly at that moment are nonetheless directly accessible by the brain’s higher level control mechanisms.
Hierarchical emergence of opponent coding in auditory belt cortex
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey S. , Niwa Mamiko , O’Connor Kevin N. , Malone Brian J. , Sutter Mitchell L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe recorded from neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) and middle-lateral belt area (ML) while rhesus macaques either discriminated amplitude-modulated noise (AM) from unmodulated noise or passively heard the same stimuli. We used several post-hoc pooling models to investigate the ability of auditory cortex to leverage population coding for AM detection. We find that pooled-response AM detection is better in the active condition than the passive condition, and better using rate-based coding than synchrony-based coding. Neurons can be segregated into two classes based on whether they increase (INC) or decrease (DEC) their firing rate in response to increasing modulation depth. In these samples, A1 had relatively fewer DEC neurons (26%) than ML (45%). When responses were pooled without segregating these classes, AM detection using rate-based coding was much better in A1 than in ML, but when pooling only INC neurons, AM detection in ML approached that found in A1. Pooling only DEC neurons resulted in impaired AM detection in both areas. To investigate the role of DEC neurons, we devised two pooling methods that opposed DEC and INC neurons – a direct subtractive method and a two-pool push-pull opponent method. Only the push-pull opponent method resulted in superior AM detection relative to indiscriminate pooling. In the active condition, the opponent method was superior to pooling only INC neurons during the late portion of the response in ML. These results suggest that the increasing prevalence of the DEC response type in ML can be leveraged by appropriate methods to improve AM detection.
Searching for heavy neutral leptons through exotic Higgs decays at the ILC
Authors: Thor Simon , Ishino Masaya , Tian Junping 
Published: October 2024

In this study we investigate the feasibility of detecting heavy neutral leptons (Nd) through exotic Higgs decays at the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC), specifically in the channel of e+e−→qqH with H→νNd→νlW→νlqq. Analyses based on full detector simulations of the ILD are performed at the center-of-mass energy of 250 GeV for two different beam polarization schemes with a total integrated luminosity of 2  ab−1. A range of heavy neutral lepton masses between the Z boson and Higgs boson masses are studied. The 2σ significance reach for the joint branching ratio of BR(H→νNd)·BR(Nd→lW) is about 0.1%, nearly independent of the heavy neutral lepton masses, while the 5σ discovery is possible at a branching ratio of 0.3%. Interpreting these results in terms of constraints on the mixing parameters |ϵid|2 between SM neutrinos and the heavy neutral lepton, it is expected to have a factor of 10 improvement from current constraints.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A structural model of customer experience in rural tourism
Authors: Hangui Shin-Ichi 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the diversification of agricultural management for development in rural tourism. Excellent service has been standardized in response to society becoming more service-oriented. However, the structure of customer evaluations of services in rural tourism and their association with customer satisfaction and customer delight remain under-investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used survey data from the general consumer population in Japan and used SERVPERF to measure service quality post-service, focusing on rural tourism experiences. The author analyzed the mechanisms of service quality leading to customer satisfaction and value co-creation, and value co-creation leading to customer delight and the effects of customer delight compared with those of customer satisfaction, using structural equation modeling.

Findings
Enhancing services strongly influenced excellent services, which were considered to generate customer delight. Compared with customer satisfaction, customer delight was inferred to lead to higher customer loyalty. The results indicated that core services generated customer satisfaction, whereas enhancing services generated customer delight.

Practical implications
These findings provide important insights into the provision of services in rural tourism, which is becoming prevalent in society, and contribute to the diversification of agricultural management.

Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in the adoption of rural tourism to diversify farm management, revealing its structure as an experience that leads to customer delight through value co-creation. The author showed that customer experience as a form of value co-creation in rural tourism can lead to the creation of excellent services.
How promotion mix helps sustain brand sales during market transitions: insights from the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Chaudhuri Malika , Hirunyawipada Tanawat , Pan Yue 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Pharmaceutical marketers use detailing, sampling and direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) to promote a branded prescription drug (brand drug) to health-care professionals and consumers. These promotion mix elements help raise brand awareness, increase prescription likelihood and guard a product market against competing brand drugs. However, the extent to which these elements remain effective when a brand drug goes off patent and its marketing exclusivity expires, allowing low-price generics to enter the market, remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of promotion mix elements before and after the market entry of a generic drug.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected and analyzed a panel data set of 41 brand drugs from 7 therapeutic classes between 2007 and 2014 (3,201 observations) using the two-stage control function approach to address potential endogeneity.

Findings
The effectiveness of promotion mix elements changes significantly, but not in a universally uniform way, during a market transition. Detailing and DTCA are increasingly effective after a brand drug’s generics enter the market. In contrast, sampling is more effective before the market transition. The positive effects of sampling on brand sales are stronger when the price of a brand drug is higher than the average price of its competing brands. Sampling also helps amplify the positive influences of detailing and DTCA on brand sales.

Research limitations/implications
This study shows that pharmaceutical promotion is not equally effective in the brand drug market with/without generic competitors. Detailing and DTCA are increasingly effective when generic competition intensifies. In contrast, the distribution of free drug samples is less effective after more generic drugs enter the market.

Practical implications
Incumbent brands’ promotion expenditures often drop dramatically when the expiration of their patents is near, a practice that likely continues after generics enter the market. Taking into consideration these industry norms and their findings, the authors suggest that promotional decisions during a market transition should not overly focus on cutting promotional expenditures across the board. Since a firm’s promotional expenditure tends to be expensive, factoring in information on the effectiveness of each promotion mix element helps marketers make well-informed strategic decisions on resource allocation during the transition from a market without generics to a market with generics.

Originality/value
Previous studies do not explicitly account for structural changes in the brand drug market over time. However, the expiration of patent and marketing exclusivity marks a transitional period in which a brand drug eventually competes with its generic counterparts. Given the criticality of such structural change, the authors examine brand drugs’ promotion effectiveness in the presence of their generic counterparts.
Transformative landscape of ChatGPT in higher education: unveiling the academic discourse
Authors: Shrivastava Archana 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Transformative generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, have revolutionized various sectors, including higher education. Since its release in November 2022, it has gathered attention from academia, scholars, students, regulators and education policymakers. Opinions diverge on whether ChatGPT’s use in academia should be circumscribed or regulated. To offer insights into some of these, this study synthesizes 139 contributions (articles and blogs) authored by instructors, publishers, professors, editors and education journalists in the education domain.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses sentiment analysis and topic modelling to examine the 139 articles and blogs. Drawing on their insights, it firstly explores emotional dimensions of the content. Subsequently, using critical discourse analysis, it integrates them with emerging concerns (what and why), and explicates key processes (how) to inform academia, research, practice and policy.

Findings
Drawing on the results obtained from sentiment analysis, the study identifies that the overall sentiments surrounding generative AI tools such as ChatGPT in higher education are more positive (33%) than negative (11%). Using topic modelling, the study further highlights four thematic areas to explore benefits and challenges: perceptions and biases, pedagogical impact, ethical considerations and implementation and adoption.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations include the absence of student perspectives, which may offer deeper insights into perception, pedagogical impacts, and integrity-related issues. Additionally, while findings are applicable across various domains, specialized areas may present differing insights that could refine the conclusions.

Originality/value
Overall, contributors acknowledge the capabilities of generative AI tools like ChatGPT in enhancing students’ productivity. The findings suggest that it is likely to offer significant gains in the education domain, providing several benefits to both teachers and students. Nevertheless, they also consider its limitations, discrimination and bias, copyright infringement, plagiarism, fabricated unauthentic textual content and assessment bias.
Assessing electronic resource searching competency among postgraduate students
Authors: Muneja Paul Samwel 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study evaluated electronic resource searching competency among postgraduate students (PGS). Specifically, the study intended to identify online search strategies used by PGS in searching electronic resources, examine the mechanisms used by PGS to access electronic resources and identify the challenges faced by PGS when searching electronic resources.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was administered to 70 PGS who attended a training workshop on scholarly literature searching. A pre- and post-training assessment was carried out to establish their competence prior to and after the training.

Findings
The results show that during the preassessment, the majority of respondents indicated Google search and Google Scholar search engines were their primary sources of scholarly literature, and the majority used simple search strategies to locate scholarly literature. The results further show that, before the training, it was revealed that 50.5% of the PGS had never used subscribed databases such as EBSCOhost, Emeralds, Taylor and Francis, Wiley online library and Springer. After the post-training assessment, results indicated an increased level of using new techniques such as Boolean operation, phrase searches, truncations, search limit and subject directories. Access through local IP addresses was highly used compared to other mechanisms such as remote access authentication methods or discovery services. Students’ exposure to new strategies and search tools had significant improvement in searching scholarly literature.

Originality/value
This paper is the researcher’s original study and it has not been conducted before. The paper represents a true analysis of the search capability of postgraduates in areas of research.
Opportunity lost: addressing DEI in academic conference design practices
Authors: Walters Trudie , Higgins-Desbiolles Freya 
Published: October 2024

PurposeAttending academic conferences is important for career progression. However, conferences can be experienced as exclusionary by historically marginalised groups. Non-attendance through exclusionary event design thus has far-reaching consequences, which is a social and structural justice issue. This research therefore aims to shine a light on event design in academic conferences, and its relationship to diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI).Design/methodology/approachThrough empirical study, we address the question “Are academic conferences communicating a commitment to DEI for delegates from historically marginalised groups, and if so, how?”. Using a content protocol (Loh et al., 2022) and signalling theory (Bradley et al., 2023), we analyse the publicly available conference materials of 70 tourism, leisure, events and hospitality academic conferences planned or convened between 2023 and 2025 to assess DEI discourses and practices for evidence of conference design that fosters inclusivity, belongingness and therefore addresses justice.FindingsReferences to one or more elements of DEI were found in the discourses of around one quarter of the conferences. However, for BIPOC [1], precarious academics, those from the LGBTQIA+ or disability communities, those with caring responsibilities, those on low or no incomes or with visa requirements, and to a large degree still for women, there were few signs within conference design practices that could be construed as conveying a welcoming culture. We therefore argue that academic conferences within the fields of tourism, leisure, events and hospitality are perpetuating inequity, exclusion and injustice through failing to give full consideration to whom their event design practices are inviting to participate. This is an opportunity lost, and we provide a checklist for conference organisers to help them communicate that historically marginalised academics are welcome and belong at their event.Originality/valueWe believe this is the first study to take a DEI lens to an examination of academic conferences, and apply a content protocol and signalling theory as analytic tools in the process.
Lubrication mechanism analysis of textures in journal bearings using CFD simulations
Authors: Wang Yujun , Jacobs Georg , Zhang Shuo , Klinghart Benjamin , König Florian 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to study the lubrication mechanism of textured journal bearings.

Design/methodology/approach
CFD models for textured journal bearings are established. The effect of texture coverage on the pressure distribution is studied to find the proper texture distribution. To enhance the local load-carrying capacity at textures, the micro-hydrodynamic pressure and microflow at different texture depth ratios are captured. The interaction between the texture-induced microflow and the bearing lubrication film is analyzed from the microflow perspective.

Findings
The bearing performance is on the one hand enhanced by the micro-hydrodynamic pressure generated by textures. On the other hand, the main bearing land and maximum pressure can be interfered by textures, leading to the reduction of load-carrying capacity. To minimize the interference effect, textures are suggested to distribute downstream of the minimum film thickness location. As the lubrication film thickness increases, the corresponding optimum texture depth ratio rises. The vortices influence the local flow rate through the lubrication film at textures and further affect the micro-hydrodynamic pressure and local load-carrying capacity. The texture depth ratio, at which vortices begin to occur, generates the maximum micro-hydrodynamic pressure.

Originality/value
The proper texture distribution is introduced, which is capable to generate the micro-hydrodynamic pressure without interfering with the primary load-carrying capacity of the bearing. The microflow effect is found to considerably influence the local load-carrying capacity at textures. The necessity of sub-regional optimization in textured journal bearings is pointed out. This study provides the fundamental reference for the design and optimization of textured journal bearings.