bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Multimodal, Direct-to-Patient Educational Intervention Targeting Barriers to Osteoporosis Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Danila Maria I , Outman Ryan C , Rahn Elizabeth J , Mudano Amy S , Redden David T , Li Peng , Allison Jeroan J , Anderson Fred A , Wyman Allison , Greenspan Susan L , LaCroix Andrea Z , Nieves Jeri W , Silverman Stuart L , Siris Ethel S , Watts Nelson B , Miller Michael J , Curtis Jeffrey R , Warriner Amy H , Wright Nicole C , Saag Kenneth G 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis treatment rates are declining, even among those with past fractures. Novel, low-cost approaches are needed to improve osteoporosis care. We conducted a parallel group, controlled, randomized clinical trial evaluating a behavioral intervention for improving osteoporosis medication use. A total of 2684 women with self-reported fracture history after age 45 years not using osteoporosis therapy from US Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW) sites were randomized 1:1 to receive a multimodal, tailored, direct-to-patient, video intervention versus usual care. The primary study outcome was self-report of osteoporosis medication use at 6 months. Other outcomes included calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bone mineral density (BMD) testing, readiness for behavioral change, and barriers to treatment. In intent-to-treat analyses, there were no significant differences between groups (intervention versus control) in osteoporosis medication use (11.7% versus 11.4%, p = 0.8), calcium supplementation (31.8% versus 32.6%, p = 0.7), vitamin D intake (41.3% versus 41.9%, p = 0.8), or BMD testing (61.8% versus 57.1%, p = 0.2). In the intervention group, fewer women were in the precontemplative stage of behavior change, more women reported seeing their primary care provider, had concerns regarding osteonecrosis of the jaw, and difficulty in taking/remembering to take osteoporosis medications. We found differences in BMD testing among the subgroup of women with no prior osteoporosis treatment, those who provided contact information, and those with no past BMD testing. In per protocol analyses, women with appreciable exposure to the online intervention (n = 257) were more likely to start nonbisphosphonates (odds ratio [OR] = 2.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–5.79) compared with the usual care group. Although our intervention did not increase the use of osteoporosis therapy at 6 months, it increased nonbisphosphonate medication use and BMD testing in select subgroups, shifted participants’ readiness for behavior change, and altered perceptions of barriers to osteoporosis treatment. Achieving changes in osteoporosis care using patient activation approaches alone is challenging. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
SPHK1-S1PR1-RANKL Axis Regulates the Interactions Between Macrophages and BMSCs in Inflammatory Bone Loss
Authors: Xiao Lan , Zhou Yinghong , Zhu Lingxin , Yang Shasha , Huang Rong , Shi Wei , Peng Bin , Xiao Yin 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Accumulating evidence indicates that the immune and skeletal systems interact with each other through various regulators during the osteoclastogenic process. Among these regulators, the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which is synthesized by sphingosine kinase 1/2 (SPHK1/2), has recently been recognized to play a role in immunity and bone remodeling through its receptor sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). However, little is known regarding the potential role of S1PR1 signaling in inflammatory bone loss. We observed that SPHK1 and S1PR1 were upregulated in human apical periodontitis, accompanied by macrophage infiltration and enhanced expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL, an indispensable factor in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption) and increased numbers of S1PR1-RANKL double-positive cells in lesion tissues. Using an in vitro co-culture model of macrophages and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), it was revealed that in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, macrophages could significantly induce SPHK1 activity, which resulted in activated S1PR1 in BMSCs. The activated S1P-S1PR1 signaling was responsible for the increased RANKL production in BMSCs, as S1PR1-blockage abolished this effect. Applying a potent S1P-S1PR1 signaling modulator, Fingolimod (FTY720), in a Wistar rat apical periodontitis model effectively prevented bone lesions in vivo via downregulation of RANKL production, osteoclastogenesis, and bone resorption. Our data unveiled the regulatory role of SPHK1-S1PR1-RANKL axis in inflammatory bone lesions and proposed a potential therapeutic intervention by targeting this cell-signaling pathway to prevent bone loss. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
SOST/Sclerostin Improves Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis and Inhibits MMP2/3 Expression After Injury
Authors: Chang Jiun C , Christiansen Blaine A , Murugesh Deepa K , Sebastian Aimy , Hum Nicholas R , Collette Nicole M , Hatsell Sarah , Economides Aris N , Blanchette Craig D , Loots Gabriela G 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture are two times as likely to develop posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Annually, there are ∼900,000 knee injuries in the United States, which account for ∼12% of all osteoarthritis (OA) cases. PTOA leads to reduced physical activity, deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system, and in severe cases requires joint replacement to restore function. Therefore, treatments that would prevent cartilage degradation post-injury would provide attractive alternatives to surgery. Sclerostin (Sost), a Wnt antagonist and a potent negative regulator of bone formation, has recently been implicated in regulating chondrocyte function in OA. To determine whether elevated levels of Sost play a protective role in PTOA, we examined the progression of OA using a noninvasive tibial compression overload model in SOST transgenic (SOSTTG) and knockout (Sost-/-) mice. Here we report that SOSTTG mice develop moderate OA and display significantly less advanced PTOA phenotype at 16 weeks post-injury compared with wild-type (WT) controls and Sost-/-. In addition, SOSTTG built ∼50% and ∼65% less osteophyte volume than WT and Sost-/-, respectively. Quantification of metalloproteinase (MMP) activity showed that SOSTTG had ∼2-fold less MMP activation than WT or Sost-/-, and this was supported by a significant reduction in MMP2/3 protein levels, suggesting that elevated levels of SOST inhibit the activity of proteolytic enzymes known to degrade articular cartilage matrix. Furthermore, intra-articular administration of recombinant Sost protein, immediately post-injury, also significantly decreased MMP activity levels relative to PBS-treated controls, and Sost activation in response to injury was TNFα and NF-κB dependent. These results provide in vivo evidence that sclerostin functions as a protective molecule immediately after joint injury to prevent cartilage degradation. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Thrombotic microangiopathy in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus infection: High incidence of severe thrombocytopenia
Authors: Bade Najeebah A. , Giffi Victoria S. , Baer Maria R. , Zimrin Ann B. , Law Jennie Y. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), but TMA in the setting of HIV infection is not well characterized. The experience with TMA in the setting of HIV infection at the University of Maryland Medical Center was reviewed.Study design and methodsPatients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for TMA from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2012 were reviewed. Those with known HIV‐positive and ‐negative status were compared.ResultsAmong 102 patients with known HIV status, 28 (27%) were HIV‐positive, including 3 with previously undiagnosed HIV. HIV‐positive patients had a median viral load of 89 500 copies/mL (range, 0‐>750 000 copies/mL) and a median CD4 count of 58 cells/µL (range, 2‐410 cells/µL). Compared to HIV‐negative patients, HIV‐positive patients more frequently presented with concurrent infections (60.7% vs. 23.7%; P = .0007), had a trend toward lower median platelet counts (3000/µL vs. 15 000/µL; P = .07) and more frequently had platelet counts less than 10 000/mcL (P = .02). Nevertheless, number of TPE procedures required for remission, remission rate, mortality, and relapse incidence were similar in HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients.ConclusionsThe incidence described herein of HIV infection among TMA patients is the highest reported outside of South Africa. More severe thrombocytopenia in HIV‐positive patients may reflect TMA in the setting of preexisting HIV‐associated thrombocytopenia. HIV should be considered in patients with TMA, and TMA should be considered in HIV‐positive patients with severe thrombocytopenia.
The diagnostic accuracy of the mediastinal width on supine anteroposterior chest radiographs with nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection
Authors: Funakoshi Hiraku , Mizobe Michiko , Homma Yosuke , Nakashima Yoshiyuki , Takahashi Jin , Shiga Takashi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundNontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection is a life‐threatening condition; thus, the ability to make a precise diagnosis of nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection is essential for the emergency physician. Several reports have shown that the mediastinal widening on a chest radiograph is useful for the diagnosis of nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection; however, the exact cutoff value of the mediastinal width on plain radiographs is rarely defined.MethodsA single‐center retrospective case‐control study was conducted between October 1, 2013, and March 31, 2015. We evaluated the maximal mediastinal width of the anteroposterior chest X‐ray at the level of the aortic knob in the supine position between patient groups with and without nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection.ResultsWe enrolled 72 patients (36 patients with nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection and 36 patients without nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection). The median mediastinal width of patients with nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection was significantly larger than that of patients without nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (100.7 mm vs 77.7 mm, P < .01). The optimal cutoff level was 87 mm (sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 89%). Using multivariable logistic regression, the odds ratio of a mediastinal width of >87 mm for a diagnosis nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection was 57.1 (95% confidence interval, 11.2‐290.2).ConclusionA mediastinal width of >87 mm showed high sensitivity in the diagnosis of probable nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection.
Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on the expression of tryptophan-metabolism genes by human macrophages
Authors:   MRC Immunopsychiatry Consortium, Regan Tim , Gill Andrew C , Clohisey Sara M , Barnett Mark W , Pariante Carmine M , Harrison Neil A , Hume David A , Bullmore Edward T , Freeman Tom C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Several lines of evidence link macrophage activation and inflammation with (monoaminergic) nervous systems in the etiology of depression. IFN treatment is associated with depressive symptoms, whereas anti-TNFα therapies elicit positive mood. This study describes the actions of 2 monoaminergic antidepressants (escitalopram, nortriptyline) and 3 anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, prednisolone, and anti-TNFα antibody) on the response of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from 6 individuals to LPS or IFN-α. Expression profiling revealed robust changes in the MDM transcriptome (3294 genes at P &lt; 0.001) following LPS challenge, whereas a more limited subset of genes (499) responded to IFNα. Contrary to published reports, administered at nontoxic doses, neither monoaminergic antidepressant significantly modulated the transcriptional response to either inflammatory challenge. Each anti-inflammatory drug had a distinct impact on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and on the profile of inducible gene expression—notably on the regulation of enzymes involved in metabolism of tryptophan. Inter alia, the effect of anti-TNFα antibody confirmed a predicted autocrine stimulatory loop in human macrophages. The transcriptional changes were predictive of tryptophan availability and kynurenine synthesis, as analyzed by targeted metabolomic studies on cellular supernatants. We suggest that inflammatory processes in the brain or periphery could impact on depression by altering the availability of tryptophan for serotonin synthesis and/or by increasing production of neurotoxic kynurenine.
Reaction of 11C‐benzoyl chlorides with metalloid reagents: 11C‐labeling of benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, and phenyl ketones from [11C]CO
Authors: Roslin Sara , Dahl Kenneth , Nordeman Patrik 
Published: January 2018

In this article, we describe the carbon‐11 (11C, t1/2 = 20.4 minutes) labeling of benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, and ketones using an efficient 2‐step synthesis in which 11C‐carbon monoxide is used in an initial palladium‐mediated reaction to produce 11C‐benzoyl chloride as a key intermediate. In the second step, the obtained 11C‐benzoyl chloride is further treated with a metalloid reagent to furnish the final 11C‐labeled product. Benzyl alcohols were obtained in moderated to high non‐isolated radiochemical yields (RCY, 35%–90%) with lithium aluminum hydride or lithium aluminum deuteride as metalloid reagent. Changing the metalloid reagent to either tributyltin hydride or sodium borohydride, allowed for the reliable syntheses of 11C‐benzaldehydes in RCYs ranging from 58% to 95%. Finally, sodium tetraphenylborate were utilized to obtain 11C‐phenyl ketones in high RCYs (77%–95%). The developed method provides a new and efficient route to 3 different classes of compounds starting from aryl iodides or aryl bromides.
Feeding wild fish for tourism—A systematic quantitative literature review of impacts and management
Authors: Patroni Jessica , Simpson Gregory , Newsome David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFeeding wildlife for the purpose of tourism is a contentious issue with for and against arguments being raised by tour operators, non‐governmental organisations, researchers, and managers. Despite this situation, there is a growing trend in the feeding of marine wildlife to guarantee visitors an exciting up‐close experience. This review investigates the scope and key findings of research conducted on the impacts and social aspects of tourism related wild fish feeding. This systematic quantitative literature review identified 58 peer‐reviewed articles on feeding wild fish for tourism. Of those articles, 35 (60%) reported on ecological impacts on the fish. Only 14 articles explored fish feeding tourism from a social perspective, and of those only 9 (15%) investigated the perspectives of visitors. This review highlights that the impacts and management of complex human‐wildlife interactions, such as feeding wild fish, are case and species specific. The impacts of feeding wild fish for tourism include changes in species distribution and behaviour, negative health effects, increased predation of some fish species, and risk of injury to tourists. There is less research on social aspects such as visitor attitudes and satisfaction with fish feeding operations. Further studies are required on visitor demand and interests, and the ecological implications of provisioning to ensure the scenarios in which fish feeding occur are sustainable, maximizing the tourism experience while minimizing negative impacts on fish populations. It is important that progress is made towards developing appropriate codes of conduct and nationally and internationally accredited standards of practice.
Snapshot‐CEST: Optimizing spiral‐centric‐reordered gradient echo acquisition for fast and robust 3D CEST MRI at 9.4 T
Authors: Zaiss Moritz , Ehses Philipp , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: January 2018

Gradient echo (GRE)‐based acquisition provides a robust readout method for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) at ultrahigh field (UHF). To develop a snapshot‐CEST approach, the transient GRE signal and point spread function were investigated in detail, leading to optimized measurement parameters and reordering schemes for fast and robust volumetric CEST imaging. Simulation of the transient GRE signal was used to determine the optimal sequence parameters and the maximum feasible number of k‐space lines. Point spread function analysis provided an insight into the induced k‐space filtering and the performance of different rectangular reordering schemes in terms of blurring, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and relaxation dependence. Simulation results were confirmed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of healthy subjects. Minimal repetition time (TR) is beneficial for snapshot‐GRE readout. At 9.4 T, for TR = 4 ms and optimal flip angle close to the Ernst angle, a maximum of 562 k‐space lines can be acquired after a single presaturation, providing decent SNR with high image quality. For spiral‐centric reordered k‐space acquisition, the image quality can be further improved using a rectangular spiral reordering scheme adjusted to the field of view. Application of the derived snapshot‐CEST sequence for fast imaging acquisition in the human brain at 9.4 T shows excellent image quality in amide and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), and enables guanidyl CEST detection. The proposed snapshot‐CEST establishes a fast and robust volumetric CEST approach ready for the imaging of known and novel exchange‐weighted contrasts at UHF.
A scaled boundary finite element formulation for poroelasticity
Authors: Ooi Ean Tat , Song Chongmin , Natarajan Sundararajan 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper develops the scaled boundary finite element formulation for applications in coupled field problems, in particular, to poroelasticity. The salient feature of this formulation is that it can be applied over arbitrary polygons and/or quadtree decomposition, which is widely employed to traverse between small and large scales. Moreover, the formulation can treat singularities of any order. Within this framework, 2 sets of semianalytical, scaled boundary shape functions are used to interpolate the displacement and the pore fluid pressure. These shape functions are obtained from the solution of vector and scalar Laplacian, respectively, which are then used to discretise the unknown field variables similar to that of the finite element method. The resulting system of equations are similar in form as that obtained using standard procedures such as the finite element method and, hence, solved using the standard procedures. The formulation is validated using several numerical benchmarks to demonstrate its accuracy and convergence properties.
Commutativity of the strain energy density expression for the benefit of the FEM implementation of Koiter's initial postbuckling theory
Authors: Li Shuguang , Yan Jiayi , Zhang Guofan , Duan Shihui 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe concept of full commutativity of displacements in the expression for strain energy density for the geometrically nonlinear problem has been introduced for the first time and fully established in this paper. Its consequences for the FEM formulation have been demonstrated. As a result, the strain energy, equilibrium equation, and incremental equilibrium equation for the geometrically nonlinear problem can all be presented in a unified manner involving various stiffness matrices that are all symmetric, unique, and explicitly expressed. As an important application, the framework has been employed in the FEM implementation of Koiter's initial postbuckling theory, which has been handicapped by its mesh sensitivity in evaluating one of the initial postbuckling coefficients. This has largely prevented it from being incorporated in mainstream commercial FEM codes. Based on the outcomes of this paper, the mesh sensitivity problem has been completely resolved without the need to use any specially formulated element. As a result, Koiter's theory can be practically and straightforwardly implemented in any FEM code. The results have been verified against those found in the literature.
Component cell–based restriction of spectral conditions and the impact on CPV module power rating
Authors: Steiner Marc , Muller Matt , Siefer Gerald , Bett Andreas W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOne approach to consider the prevailing spectral conditions when performing CPV module power ratings according to the standard IEC 62670‐3 is based on spectral matching ratios (SMRs) determined by the means of component cell sensors. In this work, an uncertainty analysis of the SMR approach is performed based on a dataset of spectral irradiances created with SMARTS2. Using these illumination spectra, the respective efficiencies of multijunction solar cells with different cell architectures are calculated. These efficiencies were used to analyze the influence of different component cell sensors and SMR filtering methods. The 3 main findings of this work are as follows. First, component cells based on the lattice‐matched triple‐junction (LM3J) cell are suitable for restricting spectral conditions and are qualified for the standardized power rating of CPV modules—even if the CPV module is using multijunction cells other than LM3J. Second, a filtering of all 3 SMRs with ±3.0% of unity results in the worst case scenario in an underestimation of −1.7% and overestimation of +2.4% compared to AM1.5d efficiency. Third, there is no benefit in matching the component cells to the module cell in respect to the measurement uncertainty.
Being mindful of mindfulness interventions in cancer: A systematic review of intervention reporting and study methodology
Authors: Shaw Joanne M. , Sekelja Natasha , Frasca Diana , Dhillon Haryana M. , Price Melanie A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesWhile mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) have demonstrated efficacy in clinical populations, the potential therapeutic benefit of mindfulness in the context of cancer is less clear. The aim of this review was to critically appraise mindfulness intervention reporting and study methodology.MethodsStudies using randomized control trial design and/or a control arm were included. PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase databases between January 1999 and April 2017 were searched. Studies were assessed on (1) reported theoretical framework, (2) intervention description, and (3) justification of modifications to standardized MBSR/MBCT. The overall quality of study design and research methodology were also assessed.ResultsOf 30 studies identified, none adhered to MBSR. Modified versions of MBSR were reported in 19 studies. Five studies reported variants of MBCT, 1 used a combination of MBSR/MBCT, and 5 inadequately documented the intervention/ theoretical framework. Overall, component and timeline modifications were poorly documented and justified. Mean intervention contact time was less than standardized MBSR/MBCT protocols. Target outcomes were poorly justified, and 12 studies failed to identify a primary aim, reporting multiple outcomes. Only 9 of 15 studies recruiting clinical populations included clinical cutoffs, and an active therapeutic control was included in 4 studies.ConclusionsMindfulness is increasingly considered a standard therapy in psycho‐oncology. While many studies proclaim benefits, considerable variability, modification to standardized protocols, and claims of benefit often reflect decreases in sub‐clinical supportive care symptomology rather than therapeutic relief of clinically significant psychological disorders.