bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BENEFÍCIOS DO IMPLANTE COCLEAR COMO PROPOSTA TERAPÊUTICA NA REABILITAÇÃO DA SURDEZ UNILATERAL
Authors: Silva Victor Batista da , Rocha Thayná Nobre da , Barcelos Renata Oliveira de , Bruno Ana Iasmin Rodrigues , Carvalho Heitor Romero Lopes , Kappaun Lilian Lima , Brand Rebeca de Araújo Nascimento , Fernandes Thaís Helena Ferreira 
Published: September 2024

A surdez unilateral (SSD) refere-se a uma condição na qual o indivíduo possui audição dentro dos padrões de normalidade em um ouvido e uma anacusia ou audição residual no outro. Apesar de ter audição dentro dos limiares de normalidade em um ouvido, pessoas com SSD apresentam dificuldade nas habilidades de localizar a fonte sonora e percepção de fala, bem como dificuldade em compreender a fala em ambientes com níveis de pressão sonora elevados, especialmente quando o som é estimulado no ouvido afetado. O implante coclear (IC) é um dispositivo que auxilia na audição binaural, percepção e reconhecimento de fala e localização sonora. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever evidências sobre perda auditiva unilateral no campo da audiologia, no intuito de avultar registros nas habilidades de localização sonora e percepção de fala na população adulta pós-período de ativação do implante coclear. Realizou-se revisão de literatura com pesquisas no periódico do portal da PubMed, por meio dos seguintes descritores: implante coclear, perda auditiva unilateral e percepção de fala, entre os anos de 2016 a 2021, com revisão crítica em 2024. Foram encontrados, nos anos pré-estabelecidos, 738 artigos, sendo, ao final, 10 artigos considerados relevantes e de qualidade suficiente para análise desta pesquisa. Concluiu-se que o IC proporciona evolução nos quesitos localização sonora; percepção de fala; reconhecimento de fala; atenuação de zumbido; e efeito sombra. Porém, a fim de se obter resultados indubitavelmente assertivos, são necessários mais estudos visando a aprofundar o tempo de ativação do IC a longo prazo na abordagem da reabilitação da surdez unilateral.
A Data-driven Race Strategy Tool for Olympic Sailing Competitions
Authors: Forsberg Björn , Pashami Sepideh , Corona Elena , Pezzoli Federico , Sütfeld Leon René , Marimon Giovannetti Laura 
Published: September 2024

_
Venue-specific training has, over the years, proven to be a key asset for sailing teams performing at major championships and at the Olympics. A comprehensive understanding of the environmental features and possible weather scenarios in an outdoor sport like sailing can provide athletes with a significant strategic advantage. At the same time, GPS tracking is becoming a readily available technology that athletes use both in training and during races to analyse their own and their competitor's performance. This work couples environmental and meteorological data with GPS tracks for Olympic sailing classes, linking weather features with strategic decisions on the race track. We propose a greedy algorithm to search for an optimal route based on weather forecasts to present the best strategy prior to the race. Our results show the potential of this approach to provide valuable decision support for athletes in Olympic sailing competitions, demonstrated for the 470 Olympic class.

Keywords
Olympic sailing; path planning; data-driven methods; meteorology; A* algorithm
Процес хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної розвідки потенційно небезпечних об’єктів як система масового обслуговування з пріоритетами
Authors: Kosenko Vitalii , Voloshchenko Oleksandr 
Published: September 2024

Актуальність дослідження обумовлена тим, що за досвідом російсько-української війни, під час бойових дій на урбанізованих територіях хімічна, біологічна, радіаційна розвідка набуває особливого значення внаслідок того, що зруйнування (аварії) на потенційно небезпечних об’єктах можуть призвести до складної хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної обстановки, яка буде негативно впливати на війська. Зазначене потребує представлення процесу хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної розвідки через такі характеристики, які дозволять оцінити ефективність її ведення в умовах ускладненої хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної обстановки. У зв'язку з цим в статті наведено один із підходів до представлення процесу хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної розвідки потенційно небезпечних об’єктів як системи масового обслуговування з пріоритетами. Провідним підходом у представленому процесі є застосування таких характеристик, як інтенсивність надходження та обслуговування запитів на ведення хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної розвідки, їх середня кількість, середній час очікування довільно вибраного запиту та середня довжина черги запитів. У процесі хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної розвідки як системі масового обслуговування з пріоритетами розподіли тривалості обслуговування запитів на здійснення заходів хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної розвідки однакові для вимог усіх пріоритетних категорій, а розподіли тривалості обслуговування зазначених запитів в усіх каналах є експоненціальними із середніми швидкостями обслуговування. У статті приведені характеристики процесу хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної розвідки, які залежать від кількості об’єктів розвідки та їх пріоритетності під час бойових дій на урбанізованих територіях і кількості та можливостей технічних засобів хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної розвідки, що залучаються для виконання завдань. Матеріали статті становитимуть інтерес для посадових осіб органів військового управління, які здійснюють планування хімічної, біологічної, радіаційної розвідки під час бойових дій, особливо на урбанізованих територіях.
Occupation-Based Intervention for People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Afshar Sara , Akbarfahimi Nazila , Ahmadi Kahjoogh Mina , Rassafiani Mehdi , Azimian Mojtaba , Crowe Terry K. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of an occupation-based intervention (OBI) on dexterity and occupational performance for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to gather preliminary efficacy data.

METHODS:
In this feasibility study, 2 women with MS participated in 12 OBI sessions that focused on increasing upper extremity function. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, 9-Hole Peg Test, Expanded Disability Status Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were used as outcome measures. The scores of these assessments are reported descriptively.

RESULTS:
According to preliminary data, both participants demonstrated improvements in dexterity, occupational performance, and occupational performance satisfaction. These data suggest that OBI may be implemented effectively in Iran.

CONCLUSIONS:
OBI improved the functional use of the participants’ upper extremities as well as their occupational performance and satisfaction with their occupational performance in each of the 2 women with MS. This preliminary intervention program should be further tested using randomized controlled trials.
Depression, anxiety, and sleep attributes: A cross-sectional study of chiropractic college students
Authors: Ward John , Coats Jesse 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
To measure degree of depression, anxiety, and hours of sleep of chiropractic college students through an anonymous paper survey.

Methods
A convenience sample of 164 chiropractic college students completed a Major Depression Inventory (MDI) survey, a 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) survey, and were asked the number of hours of sleep they had per night and demographic questions. The survey was distributed to trimester 1–6 students 4 weeks into their 15-week semester.

Results
Chiropractic students had an average MDI score of 18.1 ± 10.6 (mean ± SD), indicating the average chiropractic college student did not display depression. However, subset analysis revealed 18.9% of students had MDI scores over 30, which is associated with possible severe depression. Of students who demonstrated possible severe depression, 80.6% were female. Body mass index demonstrated no correlation with the number of respondents at risk for severe depression. Average GAD-2 score was 3.0 ± 1.9; male students scored 2.4 ± 1.8 and female 3.6 ± 1.8, indicating female students expressed anxiety more. Last, survey respondents reported they averaged 6.3 ± 1.1 hours of sleep per night with females reporting approximately 30 minutes less sleep per night than males.

Conclusion
Chiropractic students, on average, did not display depression. However, a subset of female students near the age of 26 were at an increased risk of severe depression. Chiropractic students displayed a rate of anxiety greater than that of undergraduate college students based on existing data sets and reported approximately 6 hours of sleep per night.
Unusual behavior of the low‐latitude ionosphere in the Indian sector during the deep solar minimum in 2009
Authors: Chaitanya P. Pavan , Patra A. K. , Balan N. , Rao S. V. B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper we carry out a comparative study of the daytime (7–18 LT) behavior of the near‐equatorial ionospheric F region at the end of the long deep solar minimum (2009) with respect to that of the previous normal solar minimum (1995) in the Indian longitude sector using ionosonde observations of F layer parameters, radar observations of E × B drift, and the IRI‐2012 (International Reference Ionosphere‐2012) model. We investigate the F2 and F3 layer behaviors separately. The results reveal that the peak frequencies of the F layer (fpeak), F2 layer (foF2), and F3 layer (foF3) in 2009 are consistently lower than those in 1995. Maximum difference in fpeak/foF2/foF3 between 2009 and 1995 observations is found in the equinoxes followed by winter and summer. The annual mean, seasonal mean, and 10 day mean peak electron density (corresponding to fpeak) in 2009 were lower than those in 1995 by as much as 34%, 46%, and 65%, respectively. Solar rotation effect is less conspicuous in 2009 than in 1995, consistent with the solar rotation signature in F10.7. Observations also show considerable amount of equinoctial asymmetry in electron density, which is found to be closely linked with the corresponding asymmetry in the vertical E × B drift. Seasonal mean peak electron densities of the F layer (corresponding to fpeak) and the F2 layer (corresponding to foF2) observed during the deep solar minimum of 2009 were smaller than those corresponding to IRI‐2012 model foF2 by as much as 45% and 50%, respectively, underlining the need to incorporate the data collected during the long deep minimum in the IRI model. The unusually weak ionosphere observed in 2009 is discussed in terms of the direct effect of the low solar EUV flux in 2009 as compared to 1995 and its indirect effects on ionospheric electric field, thermospheric composition (or O/N2 ratio), and thermospheric neutral winds.
Semiannually alternating exchange of intermediate waters east of the Philippines
Authors: Wang Fan , Song Lina , Li Yuanlong , Liu Chuanyu , Wang Jianing , Lin Pengfei , Yang Guang , Zhao Jun , Diao Xinyuan , Zhang Dongxiao , Hu Dunxin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntermediate water exchange in the northwest tropical Pacific is explored with the temperature, salinity, and current measurements of a mooring system deployed at 8°N, 127.05°E during 2010–2014. For the first time, prominent semiannual variability (SAV; with the maximum power at ~ 187 days) of subthermocline meridional flow along the Mindanao coast is revealed. A significant correlation between meridional flow and salinity is found at intermediate depths. This provides direct evidence for the alternating transports of South Pacific and North Pacific Intermediate Waters by northward and southward undercurrents, respectively. Further analysis with an eddy‐resolving ocean general circulation model demonstrates that the SAV is generated locally near the western boundary, manifesting as large‐scale subthermocline recirculation and leading to alternating northward and southward flows near the Mindanao coast, which plays an efficient role in the intermediate water exchange of the northwest tropical Pacific. Mechanisms underlying the observed SAV are discussed.
The impact of the Southern Annular Mode on future changes in Southern Hemisphere rainfall
Authors: Lim Eun‐Pa , Hendon Harry H. , Arblaster Julie M. , Delage Francois , Nguyen Hanh , Min Seung‐Ki , Wheeler Matthew C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA robust positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is projected for the end of the 21st century under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario, which results in rainfall decreases in the midlatitudes and increases in the high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). We find that this SAM trend also increases rainfall over the SH subtropics in austral summer but not in winter, leading to a pronounced wintertime poleward expansion of the subtropical dry zone. These dynamically driven rainfall changes by the SAM appear to oppose the thermodynamically driven projected rainfall changes in the SH subtropics and midlatitudes, whereas the two components reinforce each other in the high latitudes. However, we show that most climate models fall short in capturing the observed SAM component driven by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and associated rainfall in the austral warm seasons, which limits our confidence in quantifying the contribution of the SAM to projected rainfall changes.
Pattern of dynamic displacements in a strike‐slip earthquake
Authors: Saltogianni V. , Gianniou M. , Moschas F. , Stiros S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHigh‐rate (1 Hz) records from GPS stations uniformly distributed along the fault ruptures of the 2014 Samothraki‐Gökçeada Mw6.9 earthquake in the North Aegean Trough, at the extension of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, were analyzed using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. Computed dynamic displacements shed light to the pattern of dynamic displacements during shallow strike‐slip earthquakes. The area of near‐field static seismic displacements bounds ramp‐type, long‐period dynamic displacements (fling steps) in the sense of static displacements. Along‐fault and normal to fault components of dynamic displacement follow typical attenuation laws, but attenuation is higher in the fault‐parallel component hence confined to the area of static dislocations. Forward directivity and local, especially topography‐controlled amplification effects, consistent with accelerometer evidence, were also observed. The overall pattern seems to characterize shallow strike‐slip earthquakes and is expected to prove useful to explain or even predict the near‐field damaging potential of strike‐slip earthquakes.
Air‐sea exchange of carbon dioxide in the Southern Ocean and Antarctic marginal ice zone
Authors: Butterworth Brian J. , Miller Scott D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDirect carbon dioxide flux measurements using eddy covariance from an icebreaker in the high‐latitude Southern Ocean and Antarctic marginal ice zone are reported. Fluxes were combined with the measured water‐air carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (ΔpCO2) to compute the air‐sea gas transfer velocity (k, normalized to Schmidt number 660). The open water data showed a quadratic relationship between k (cm h−1) and the neutral 10 m wind speed (U10n, m s−1), kopen = 0.245 U10n2 + 1.3, in close agreement with decades old tracer‐based results and much lower than cubic relationships inferred from previous open ocean eddy covariance studies. In the marginal ice zone, the effective gas transfer velocity decreased in proportion to sea ice cover, in contrast with predictions of enhanced gas exchange in the presence of sea ice. The combined open water and marginal ice zone results affect the calculated magnitude and spatial distribution of Southern Ocean carbon flux.
Strong winter cooling over the Irminger Sea in winter 2014–2015, exceptional deep convection, and the emergence of anomalously low SST
Authors: de Jong Marieke Femke , de Steur Laura 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDeep convection is presumed to be vital for the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, even though observational evidence for the link remains inconclusive. Modeling studies have suggested that convection will weaken as a result of enhanced freshwater input. The emergence of anomalously low sea surface temperature in the subpolar North Atlantic has led to speculation that this process is already at work. Here we show that strong atmospheric forcing in the winter of 2014–2015, associated with a high North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, produced record mixed layer depths in the Irminger Sea. Local mixing removed the stratification of the upper 1400 m and ventilated the basin to middepths resembling a state similar to the mid‐1990s when a positive NAO also prevailed. We show that the strong local atmospheric forcing is predominantly responsible for the negative sea surface temperature anomalies observed in the subpolar North Atlantic in 2015 and that there is no evidence of permanently weakened deep convection.
Rates, flux densities, and spectral indices of meteor radio afterglows
Authors: Obenberger K. S. , Dowell J. D. , Hancock P. J. , Holmes J. M. , Pedersen T. R. , Schinzel F. K. , Taylor G. B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUsing the narrowband all‐sky imager mode of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1), we have now detected 30 transients at 25.6 MHz, 1 at 34 MHz, and 93 at 38.0 MHz. While we have only optically confirmed that 37 of these events are radio afterglows from meteors, evidence suggests that most, if not all, are. Using the beam‐forming mode of the LWA1, we have also captured the broadband spectra between 22.0 and 55.0 MHz of four events. We compare the smooth, spectral components of these four events and fit the frequency‐dependent flux density to a power law, and find that the spectral index is time variable, with the spectrum steepening over time for each meteor afterglow. Using these spectral indices along with the narrowband flux density measurements of the 123 events at 25.6 and 38 MHz, we predict the expected flux densities and rates for meteor afterglows potentially observable by other low‐frequency radio telescopes.
Toward an integrated view of ionospheric plasma instabilities: 2. Three inertial modes of a cubic dispersion relation
Authors: Makarevich Roman A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe cubic dispersion relation describing inertial modes of fundamental ionospheric instabilities at arbitrary altitude is demonstrated to yield three distinct solutions, and their stability is analyzed using a combination of numerical and analytic techniques. A robust numerical method is developed for obtaining all three solutions for arbitrary altitude, and analytic expressions are developed for two solutions. In the E region, one unstable and two stable modes are found for strong electric fields, with the unstable mode being the Farley‐Buneman instability. In the F region, zero, one, or two unstable modes are found depending on the plasma density gradient. The first unstable mode represents a finite‐temperature generalization of the inertial mode of the gradient drift instability (GDI) in the F region that has been previously considered for cold‐plasma case. The instability cone width and the gradient strength cutoff values are analyzed analytically and inertial effects are shown to drastically alter their behavior for decameter‐scale waves. In particular, progressively stronger gradients are required to excite the instability with an increasing electric field. Another strongly unstable mode is found at high altitudes and for sufficiently sharp gradients, although the applicability of this solution is limited due to its high‐frequency nature. The results strengthen the case for analyzing different ionospheric instabilities within the same formalism and provide an additional framework for interpreting the experimentally observed irregularity formation times that are inconsistent with those predicted by the standard GDI theory.
Analysis of WRF extreme daily precipitation over Alaska using self‐organizing maps
Authors: Glisan Justin M. , Gutowski William J. , Cassano John J. , Cassano Elizabeth N. , Seefeldt Mark W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe analyze daily precipitation extremes from simulations of a polar‐optimized version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Simulations cover 19 years and use the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) domain. We focus on Alaska because of its proximity to the Pacific and Arctic oceans; both provide large moisture fetch inland. Alaska's topography also has important impacts on orographically forced precipitation. We use self‐organizing maps (SOMs) to understand circulation characteristics conducive for extreme precipitation events. The SOM algorithm employs an artificial neural network that uses an unsupervised training process, which results in finding general patterns of circulation behavior. The SOM is trained with mean sea level pressure (MSLP) anomalies. Widespread extreme events, defined as at least 25 grid points experiencing 99th percentile precipitation, are examined using SOMs. Widespread extreme days are mapped onto the SOM of MSLP anomalies, indicating circulation patterns. SOMs aid in determining high‐frequency nodes, and hence, circulations are conducive to extremes. Multiple circulation patterns are responsible for extreme days, which are differentiated by where extreme events occur in Alaska. Additionally, several meteorological fields are composited for nodes accessed by extreme and nonextreme events to determine specific conditions necessary for a widespread extreme event. Individual and adjacent node composites produce more physically reasonable circulations as opposed to composites of all extremes, which include multiple synoptic regimes. Temporal evolution of extreme events is also traced through SOM space. Thus, this analysis lays the groundwork for diagnosing differences in atmospheric circulations and their associated widespread, extreme precipitation events.
Rate‐weakening drag during glacier sliding
Authors: Zoet Lucas K. , Iverson Neal R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAccurately specifying the relationship between basal drag on a hard, rough glacier bed and sliding speed is a long‐standing and central challenge in glaciology. Drag on a rigid bed consisting of steps with linear treads inclined upglacier—a good idealization for the bedrock morphology of some hard‐bedded glaciers—has been considered in sliding theories but never studied empirically. Balancing forces parallel to step treads indicates that drag should be independent of sliding speed and cavity size and set by the limit‐equilibrium condition sometimes called Iken's bound. In this study we used a large ring‐shear device to slide ice at its pressure melting temperature across a stepped bed, over a range of steady sliding speeds (29–348 m yr−1), and under a steady effective pressure (500 kPa). Contrary to expectation, drag decreased 42% with increasing sliding speed and cavity size. Experimental deviations from theory cannot explain this decrease in drag with increasing sliding speed (i.e., rate weakening). We suggest that stress bridging in ice between ice‐bed contact zones and cavities causes stress gradients that require viscous deformation of ice to sustain stress equilibrium, so that contact zones can be at shear stresses below limit‐equilibrium values. A parameter—linearly dependent on sliding speed—that scales the extent of ice deformation to areas of ice‐bed contact allows the experimental drag relationship to be fitted with a simple sliding model. Rate‐weakening drag has now been observed for two contrasting bed morphologies, stepped and sinusoidal, highlighting the need to consider such behavior in glacier flow models.