bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors of late respiratory support or oxygen weaning in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Garcia‐Anton Alma , Dreyfus Lélia , Portefaix Aurélie , Baudin Florent , Plaisant Franck , Loppinet Thomas , Reix Philippe , Butin Marine , Coutier Laurianne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication in preterm infants. This study aimed at identifying factors associated with early or with late or weaning failure from respiratory support or oxygen (O2) in preterm infants with BPD requiring respiratory support or O2 therapy after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in the NICU of a tertiary hospital, in infants born before 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021, and discharged from the NICU with a respiratory support (tracheostomy [TT], invasive ventilation [IV], Non‐IV [NIV], continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP], high flow nasal canula [HFNC]) or O2 therapy for BPD. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with early weaning (before 6 months postmenstrual age [PMA]) or late (after 6 months PMA) and weaning failure.ResultsAmong the 53 infants included (2% TT, 2% IV, 11% NIV, 25% CPAP or HFNC, 60% O2 at NICU discharge), 23 (43%) were weaned from respiratory support or O2 before 6 months PMA and 39 (73%) before 12 months PMA. IV duration during NICU stay and postnatal steroid treatment were identified as factors associated with a late or weaning failure (OR 1.03, p = .04 and OR 4.11, p = .023, respectively).ConclusionIn this study, nearly half of preterm infants with severe BPD were weaned from respiratory support or O2 before 6 months PMA. IV duration and postnatal steroid treatment during NICU stay were associated with a late or weaning failure.
Life Expectancy in High‐Grade Incidental Prostate Cancer Patients Versus Population‐Based Controls According to Treatment Type
Authors: Di Bello Francesco , Jannello Letizia Maria Ippolita , Baudo Andrea , de Angelis Mario , Siech Carolin , Tian Zhe , Goyal Jordan A. , Creta Massimiliano , Califano Gianluigi , Celentano Giuseppe , Acquati Pietro , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Carmignani Luca , de Cobelli Ottavio , Briganti Alberto , Chun Felix K. H. , Longo Nicola , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo quantify the differences in 5‐year overall survival (OS) between high‐grade (Gleason sum 8–10) incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) patients and age‐matched male population‐based controls, according to treatment type: no active versus active treatment.Materials and MethodsWe relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004–2015) to identify not actively treated and actively treated high‐grade IPCa patients. For each case, we simulated an age‐matched male control (Monte Carlo simulation), relying on Social Security Administration Life Tables (2004–2020) with 5 years of follow‐up. Additionally, we relied on Kaplan–Meier plots to display OS for each treatment type. Multivariable Cox regression models were fitted to predict overall mortality (OM).ResultsOf 564 high‐grade IPCa patients, 345 (61%) were not actively treated versus 219 (39%) were actively treated, either with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. Median OS was 3 years for not actively treated high‐grade IPCa patients, with OS difference at 5 years follow‐up of 27% relative to their age‐matched male population‐based controls (37% vs. 64%). Median OS was 8 years for actively treated high‐grade IPCa patients, with OS difference at 5 years follow‐up of 6% relative to their age‐matched male population‐based controls (68% vs. 74%). In the multivariable Cox regression model, active treatment independently predicted lower OM (hazard ratio = 0.6; 95% confidence interval = 0.4–0.8; p < 0.001).ConclusionRelative to Life Tables' derived age‐matched male controls, not actively treated high‐grade IPCa patients exhibit drastically worse OS than their actively treated counterparts. These observations may encourage clinicians to consider active treatment in newly diagnosed high‐grade IPCa patients.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for children with pulmonary hypertension: A single‐institutional experience of outcomes
Authors: Nemeh Christopher , Schmoke Nicholas , Patten William , Clark Eunice , Wu Yeu S. , Wang Pengchen , Kurlansky Paul , Middlesworth William , Cheung Eva W. , Rosenzweig Erika B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can present with a wide spectrum of disease severity. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) crises can lead to acute decompensation requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, including extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR). We evaluated outcomes for pediatric PH patients requiring ECMO. A single‐institution retrospective review of pediatric PAH patients with World Symposium on PH (WSPH) groups 1 and 3 requiring ECMO cannulation from 2010 through 2022 (n = 20) was performed. Primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were survival to decannulation and 1‐year survival. Of 20 ECMO patients, 16 (80%) survived to decannulation and 8 (40%) survived to discharge and 1 year follow up. Of three patients who had two ECMO runs; none survived. There were five patients who had eCPR for the first run; one survived to discharge. The univariate logistic regression model showed that venovenous ECMO was associated with better survival to hospital discharge than venoarterial ECMO, (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.01–0.86, p = 0.046). PH medications (administered before, during, or after ECMO) were not associated with survival to discharge. For children with decompensated PAH requiring ECMO, mortality rate is high, and management is challenging. While VA ECMO is the main configuration for decompensated PH, VV ECMO could be considered if there is adequate ventricular function, presence of a systemic to pulmonary shunt, or an intercurrent treatable illness to improve survival to discharge. A multidisciplinary approach with requisite expertise should be utilized on a case‐by‐case basis until more reliable data is available to predict outcomes.
Cloud classification through machine learning and global horizontal irradiance data analysis
Authors: Lusi Anabela Rocío , Orte Pablo Facundo , Wolfram Elian , Orlando José Ignacio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCloud observations and characterization are crucial owing to their influence on energy balance, climate, and weather. Their particular effects on radiation vary depending on different cloud parameters, such as cloud base or top height, water content, and cloud optical thickness, all of them closely related to the specific cloud type. Cloud classification therefore becomes a crucial task in meteorology, although it remains challenging for weather services worldwide owing to the intensive associated labor and cost. In this study we introduce a new low‐cost method for automating cloud classification based on a combination of ground‐based global horizontal irradiance (GHI) measurements, a clear‐sky model, and machine learning. Based on the hypothesis that different cloud types have their own GHI signatures, we trained different supervised learning algorithms using GHI data manually labeled by meteorological observers from time‐synchronized all‐sky images. Multiple time windows were extracted from each GHI series, with eight features defined in each case to characterize the sequence. The best outcome was achieved using an XGBoost model on features extracted on time windows of 33 min, obtaining an accuracy of 0.88 and a Cohen's kappa of 0.84 in a held‐out test set. The development presented in this study has the ability to provide low‐cost cloud classification from ground‐based observations, which is a challenge for weather services worldwide owing to intensive labor and cost.
Structural elucidation of 14‐membered ring macrolide antibiotics using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Carnevale Neto Fausto , Vessecchi Ricardo 
Published: October 2024

RationaleMacrolides are critical antibiotics featuring a macrocyclic lactone core with deoxy sugars. Understanding their gas‐phase fragmentation is challenging but essential for improving structural elucidation in mass spectrometry, which has implications for drug discovery and development.MethodsWe used electrospray ionization collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐CID‐MS) combined with quantum chemical calculations to investigate the fragmentation pathways of erythromycin A and roxithromycin. This approach helps elucidate the preferred fragmentation routes influenced by protonation sites.ResultsMacrolides showed similar fragmentation patterns, including sequential losses of saccharide or amino sugar units and dehydration from the macrocycle core. Multiple competitive pathways were observed, influenced by protonation sites. Computational studies confirmed the most favorable protonation sites and their impact on fragmentation, providing insights into key diagnostic product ions. Subsequent fragments involved rearrangement pathways such as alkene formation and cleavages via remote hydrogen transfers and pericyclic reactions.ConclusionsOur integrated approach offers a comprehensive understanding of macrolide fragmentation, enhancing structural elucidation and potential applications in drug development. This study advances mass spectrometry analysis of macrolides, contributing to pharmaceutical research by integrating orthogonal annotation methods and fragmentation studies.
Multivariate Cluster Point Process to Quantify and Explore Multi‐Entity Configurations: Application to Biofilm Image Data
Authors: Majumder Suman , Coull Brent A. , Welch Jessica L. Mark , Riviere Patrick J. La , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Starr Jacqueline R. , Lee Kyu Ha 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTClusters of similar or dissimilar objects are encountered in many fields. Frequently used approaches treat each cluster's central object as latent. Yet, often objects of one or more types cluster around objects of another type. Such arrangements are common in biomedical images of cells, in which nearby cell types likely interact. Quantifying spatial relationships may elucidate biological mechanisms. Parent‐offspring statistical frameworks can be usefully applied even when central objects (“parents”) differ from peripheral ones (“offspring”). We propose the novel multivariate cluster point process (MCPP) to quantify multi‐object (e.g., multi‐cellular) arrangements. Unlike commonly used approaches, the MCPP exploits locations of the central parent object in clusters. It accounts for possibly multilayered, multivariate clustering. The model formulation requires specification of which object types function as cluster centers and which reside peripherally. If such information is unknown, the relative roles of object types may be explored by comparing fit of different models via the deviance information criterion (DIC). In simulated data, we compared a series of models' DIC; the MCPP correctly identified simulated relationships. It also produced more accurate and precise parameter estimates than the classical univariate Neyman–Scott process model. We also used the MCPP to quantify proposed configurations and explore new ones in human dental plaque biofilm image data. MCPP models quantified simultaneous clustering of Streptococcus and Porphyromonas around Corynebacterium and of Pasteurellaceae around Streptococcus and successfully captured hypothesized structures for all taxa. Further exploration suggested the presence of clustering between Fusobacterium and Leptotrichia, a previously unreported relationship.
Understanding the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Anion‐Redox O3‐Na[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tao Jiangwei , Qiu Yixiao , Tan Guangsu , Yang Shaoyu , Li Wenda , Wang Weiwei , Wang Yuzhu , Xu Chao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractActivating anionic redox is an effective strategy for enhancing the capacity of cathode materials in both lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries. However, the fundamental mechanisms of O3‐type sodium anionic redox cathodes remain poorly understood due to the limited availability of such materials, despite their inherent advantages such as high initial sodium content and high reversible capacity. Herein, we employ multiple characterization methods to elucidate the structural and electrochemical properties of O3‐Na[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2, a promising sodium anionic redox cathode developed recently, with a particular focus on the effect of cutoff voltages during electrochemical aging. Our synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction results indicate that charging the material to voltages above 4.1 V induces substantial structural changes, which compromise the structural and electrochemical reversibility of the material. This is corroborated by more rapid capacity decay and increased impedance, attributed to severe degradation on both the surface and in the bulk, as evidenced by the formation of lower valence manganese compounds. Furthermore, increasing the lower cutoff voltage for the discharge process effectively suppresses surface degradation, thereby improving cycling stability. This work offers a comprehensive understanding of a pivotal sodium anionic redox cathode material, providing valuable insights that can drive the development of advanced materials for sodium‐ion batteries.
Molecular Probing Coupled with Density Functional Theory Calculation to Reveal the Influence of Fe Doping on Fe‐NiOOH Electrode for High Current Density of Water Splitting
Authors: Li Feng , Xu Shiyuan , Zhao Xueru , Ma Guorui , Niu Zhulin , Zhong Xing , Li Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFe‐doped NiOOH electrocatalysts have attracted wide interest for the exceptional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, but the precise role of Fe doping on the improved intrinsic activity remains unclear. Herein, the molecular probe technique combined with density functional theory calculation is used to reveal the influence of the Fe atom on the rate‐determining step of the OER reaction, where the pre‐catalyst of hierarchical self‐supporting NiFe layered double hydroxide [LDH] nanosheets equipped on nickel foam (NiFe LDH/NF) is generated via a facile and industrially well‐matched one‐pot corrosion method. The physical characterization results reveal the reconstruction of NiFe LDH into Fe‐doped NiOOH for promoted OER, which has a lower OH* adsorption energy with fast subsequent steps that help in obtaining an improved charge injection efficiency compared to NiOOH. In addition, more exposed electroactive species and facile delivery of mass/electron inside the catalytic procedure actually have a high‐quality contribution to the outstanding catalytic activity. Therefore, the NiFe LDH36/NF electrocatalyst provides high catalytic activities of 241 and 320 mV at 10 mA cm−2 toward the OER and overall water‐splitting in 1 m KOH. This work provides a promising avenue for the rational design of durable self‐supporting electrodes toward large‐scale water splitting.
Bottom Electrode Modification Enables Efficient and Bright Silicon‐Based Top‐Emission Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhou Lingfeng , Yan Minxing , Luo Guangjie , Xu Li , Fang Yanjun , Yang Deren 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe integration of perovskites with mature silicon platform has emerged as a promising approach in the development of efficient on‐chip light sources and high‐brightness displays. However, the performance of Si‐based green perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) still falls significantly short compared to their red and near‐infrared counterparts. In this study, it is revealed that the high work function Au, widely employed in Si‐based top‐emission PeLEDs as the reflective bottom electrode, exhibits considerably lower reflectivity in the green spectrum than in the longer wavelengths. Consequently, Ag electrode is introduced to replace Au to enhance the green light reflectivity, and the ultrathin MoO3 and self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are sequentially deposited for surface modification. These results indicate that the MoO3 layer removes the energy barrier at Ag/polymer hole transport layer interface, enhancing the hole injection efficiency; while the SAMs firmly anchor onto the MoO3 layer, effectively preventing interfacial defect formation. Benefited from this organic/inorganic dual‐layer modification strategy, Si‐based green PeLEDs with an impressive peak external quantum efficiency of 18.2% and a maximum brightness of 81931 cd m−2 are successfully fabricated, on par with those of the red and near‐infrared counterparts. This achievement marks an advancement in developing high‐performance Si‐based PeLEDs with full‐spectrum output.
Combination Displacement/Intercalation Reaction of Ag0.11V2O5 Cathode Realizes Efficient Manganese Ion Storage Properties
Authors: Fan Zheng , Hou Zhichao , Lu Wenqiang , Zheng Hongbao , Chen Nan , Yao Mingguang , Wang Chunzhong , Jiang Heng , Zhang Dong , Du Fei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAqueous manganese‐ion batteries (AMIBs) are becoming more noticeable because of their excellent theoretical capacity, outstanding safety profile, and cost‐effectiveness. However, there aren't many studies on cathode materials appropriate for AMIBs, and the manganese‐ion storage mechanisms within these materials have not been thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of existing cathode materials remains suboptimal. Here, Ag0.11V2O5 is designed and synthesized as the cathode material and introduces the combination displacement/intercalation reaction mechanism to the manganese ion storage for the first time. Ag0.11V2O5 demonstrates a capacity retention of 90.3% after 1200 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹ and achieves a high rate performance of 100.01 mAh g⁻¹ at 20 A g⁻¹. This impressive electrochemical performance is attributed to the reaction, which provides more Mn2+ storage sites and generates highly conductive Ag within the electrode. This study presents a novel approach to achieving high‐capacity AMIBs.
Controllable Regulation of CO2 Adsorption Behavior via Precise Charge Donation Modulation for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Formic Acid
Authors: Li Rou‐Yu , Yuan Wenyu , Wang Shuo , Zhang Peng , Wu Heng , Su Yi‐Min , Wen En‐Lei , Zhu Xiaolin , Zhai Quan‐Guo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of value‐added products via CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) is of great significance, but the development of efficient and versatile strategies for the controllable selectivity tuning is extremely challenging. Herein, the tuning of CO2ER selectivity through the modulation of CO2 adsorption behavior is proposed. Using the constructed zeolitic MOF (SNNU‐339), CO2 adsorption behavior is controllably changed from *CO2 to CO2* via the precise ligand‐to‐metal charge donation (LTMCD) regulation. It is confirmed that the high electronegativity of the coordinate ligand directly restricts the LTMCD, reduces the charge density on the metal sites, lowers the Gibbs free energy for CO2* adsorption, and leads to the transformation of CO2 adsorption mode from *CO2 to CO2*. Owing to the modulated CO2 adsorption behavior and regulated kinetics, SNNU‐339 exhibits superior HCOOH selectivity (≈330% promotion, 85.6% Faradaic efficiency) and high CO2ER activity. The wide applicability of the proposed approach sheds light on the efficient CO2ER. This study provides a competitive strategy for rational catalyst design and underscores the significance of adsorption behavior tuning in electrocatalysis.
Scalable Copper Sulfide Formulations for Super‐Resolution Optoacoustic Brain Imaging in the Second Near‐Infrared Window
Authors: Tang Lin , Nozdriukhin Daniil , Kalva Sandeep Kumar , Zhou Quanyu , Özsoy Çağla , Lyu Shuxin , Reiss Michael , Vidal Anxo , Torres Ana , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís , Razansky Daniel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOptoacoustic imaging offers label‐free multi‐parametric characterization of cerebrovascular morphology and hemodynamics at depths and spatiotemporal resolution unattainable with optical microscopy. Effective imaging depth can greatly be enhanced by employing photons in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window. However, diminished absorption by hemoglobin along with a lack of suitable contrast agents hinder an efficient application of the technique in this spectral range. Herein, copper sulfide (CuS) micro‐ and nano‐formulations for multi‐scale optoacoustic imaging in the NIR‐II window are introduced. Dynamic contrast enhancement induced by intravenously administered CuS nanoparticles facilitated visualization of blood perfusion in murine cerebrovascular networks. The individual calcium carbonate microparticles carrying CuS are further shown to generate sufficient responses to enable super‐resolution microvascular imaging and blood flow velocity mapping with localization optoacoustic tomography.
The institutional dimension of the inequality–corruption nexus: A varieties of capitalism assessment
Authors: Hlasny Vladimir , Kalinowski Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAre unequal societies prone to the abuse of economic power to influence political decisions for private gains? We investigate how changes in inequality affect changes in corruption, controlling for comparative political economy factors. Our varieties of capitalism (VoC) approach explains corruption trends from an institutional viewpoint: liberal market economies (LMEs) exhibit lower corruption despite having high inequality. Coordinated market economies exhibit lower inequality but higher corruption, while state‐led non‐liberal economies have low inequality despite showing a range of degrees of corruption. Resource exporting economies show high corruption as well as inequality, akin to developing countries despite having higher national incomes. The relationship between changes in inequality and corruption diverges between the different VoC: strongly positive in coordinated and state‐led market economies, of an unclear sign in resource‐exporting economies, weak in resource‐poor developing countries, and downright negative in LMEs. Institutions are thus critical mediators of the socioeconomics of corruption.
A New Family of Distribution‐Free Geometric Shrinkage Variances Estimators With Applications
Authors: Ming Ruixing , Zhao Yihui , Xiao Liqun , Tu Dongsheng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a family of geometric shrinkage variances estimators is derived under a new framework of Riemann manifold. Two approaches are proposed to estimate the optimal shrinkage parameter that minimizes a loss function defined as the square of a Riemann metric. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimators with the estimated optimal shrinkage parameter perform well under the percentage related improvement in average loss (PRIAL) criterion, which measures the degree of improvement over the naive sample variance estimators. Finally, the proposed estimators are applied to analyse a real data set of gene expression levels of cancer patients.