bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic consequences of RNA polymerase dysregulation inEscherichia coli
Authors: Sarkar Paramita , Switzer Amy , Peters Christine , Pogliano Joe , Wigneshweraraj Sivaramesh 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMany bacterial adaptive responses to changes in growth conditions due to biotic and abiotic factors involve reprogramming of gene expression at the transcription level. The bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP), which catalyzes transcription, can thus be considered as the major mediator of cellular adaptive strategies. But how do bacteria respond if a stress factor directly compromises the activity of the RNAP? We used a phage-derived small protein to specifically perturb bacterial RNAP activity in exponentially growingEscherichia coli. Using cytological profiling, tracking RNAP behavior at single-molecule level and transcriptome analysis, we reveal that adaptation to conditions that directly perturb bacterial RNAP performance can result in a biphasic growth behavior and thereby confer the ‘adapted’ bacterial cells an enhanced ability to tolerate diverse antibacterial stresses. The results imply that while synthetic transcriptional rewiring may confer bacteria with the intended desirable properties, such approaches may also collaterally allow them to acquire undesirable traits.
The genetic overlap between mood disorders and cardio-metabolic diseases: A systematic review of genome wide and candidate gene studies
Authors: Amare Azmeraw T. , Schubert Klaus Oliver , Cohen-Woods Sarah , Baune Bernhard T. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMeta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (meta-GWAS) and candidate gene studies have identified genetic variants associated with cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and mood disorders. Although previous efforts were successful for individual disease conditions (single disease), limited information exists on shared genetic risk between these disorders. This article presents a detailed review and analysis of cardio-metabolic diseases risk (CMD-R) genes that are also associated with mood disorders. Firstly, we reviewed meta-GWA studies published until January 2016, for the diseases “type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension” and/or for the risk factors “blood pressure, obesity, plasma lipid levels, insulin and glucose related traits”. We then searched the literature for published associations of these CMD-R genes with mood disorders. We considered studies that reported a significant association of at least one of the CMD-R genes and “depressive disorder” OR “depressive symptoms” OR “bipolar disorder” OR “lithium treatment”, OR “serotonin reuptake inhibitors treatment”. Our review revealed 24 potential pleiotropic genes that are likely to be shared between mood disorders and CMD-Rs. These genes includeMTHFR,CACNA1D,CACNB2,GNAS,ADRB1,NCAN,REST,FTO,POMC,BDNF,CREB,ITIH4,LEP,GSK3B,SLC18A1,TLR4,PPP1R1B,APOE,CRY2,HTR1A,ADRA2A,TCF7L2,MTNR1B, andIGF1. A pathway analysis of these genes revealed significant pathways: corticotrophin-releasing hormone signaling, AMPK signaling, cAMP-mediated or G-protein coupled receptor signaling, axonal guidance signaling, serotonin and dopamine receptors signaling, dopamine-DARPP32 feedback in cAMP signaling, circadian rhythm signaling and leptin signaling. Our findings provide insights in to the shared biological mechanisms of mood disorders and cardio-metabolic diseases.
Amyloid accumulation drives proteome-wide alterations in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease like pathology
Authors: Savas Jeffrey N. , Wang Yi-Zhi , DeNardo Laura A. , Martinez-Bartolome Salvador , McClatchy Daniel B. , Hark Timothy J. , Shanks Natalie F. , Cozzolino Kira A. , Lavallée-Adam Mathieu , Smukowski Samuel N. , Park Sung Kyu , Kelly Jeffery W. , Koo Edward H. , Nakagawa Terunaga , Masliah Eliezer , Ghosh Anirvan , Yates John R. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAmyloid beta (Aβ) peptides impair multiple cellular pathways in the brain and play a causative role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, but how the brain proteome is remodeled during this process is unknown. To identify new protein networks associated with AD-like pathology, we performed global quantitative proteomic analysis in three mouse models at pre- and post-symptomatic ages. Our analysis revealed a robust and consistent increase in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) levels in nearly all transgenic brain regions with increased Aβ levels. Taken together with prior findings on ApoE driving Aβ accumulation, this analysis points to a pathological dysregulation of the ApoE-Aβ axis. We also found dysregulation of protein networks involved in excitatory synaptic transmission consistent with AD pathophysiology. Targeted analysis of the AMPA receptor complex revealed a specific loss of TARPγ-2, a key AMPA receptor trafficking protein. Expression of TARPγ-2in vivoin hAPP transgenic mice led to a restoration of AMPA currents. This database of proteome alterations represents a unique resource for the identification of protein alterations responsible for AD.HighlightsProteomic analysis of mouse brains with AD-like pathology reveals stark remodelingProteomic evidence points to a dysregulation of ApoE levels associated with Aβ clearance rather than productionCo-expression analysis found distinctly impaired synapse and mitochondria modulesIn-depth analyses of AMPAR complex points to loss of TARPγ-2, which may compromise synapses in ADeTOC BlurbProteome-wide profiling of brain tissue from three mouse models of AD-like pathology reveals Aβ, brain region, and age dependent alterations of protein levels. This resource provides a new global protein expression atlas for the Alzheimer’s disease research community.
Triazavirine supramolecular complexes as modifiers of the peptide oligomeric structure
Authors: Shvetsov Alexey V. , Zabrodskaya Yana A. , Nekrasov Peter A. , Egorov Vladimir V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study we present molecular dynamics simulations of the antiviral drug triazavirine, that affects formation of amyloid-like fibrils of the model peptide (SI). According to our simulations, triazavirine is able to form linear supramolecular structures which can act as shields and prevent interactions between SI monomers. This model, as validated by simulations, provides an adequate explanation of triazavirine’s mechanism of action as it pertains to SI peptide fibril formation.
An evolutionarily young defense metabolite influences the root growth of plants via the ancient TOR signaling pathway
Authors: Malinovsky F.G. , Thomsen M-L.F. , Nintemann S.J. , Jagd L.M. , Bourgine B. , Burow M. , Kliebenstein D. J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo optimize fitness a plant should monitor its metabolism to appropriately control growth and defense. Primary metabolism can be measured by the universally conserved TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway to balance growth and development with the available energy and nutrients. Recent work suggests that plants may measure defense metabolites to potentially provide a strategy ensuring fast reallocation of resources to coordinate plant growth and defense. There is little understanding of mechanisms enabling defense metabolite signaling. To identify mechanisms of defense metabolite signaling, we used glucosinolates, an important class of plant defense metabolites. We report novel signaling properties specific to one distinct glucosinolate, 3- hydroxypropyl glucosinolate across plants and fungi. This defense metabolite, or derived compounds, reversibly inhibits root growth and development. 3-hydroxypropyl glucosinolate signaling functions via genes in the ancient TOR pathway. Thus, plants might link evolutionarily new defense metabolites to ancient signaling pathways to optimize energy allocation.
Karyotype stability and unbiased fractionation in the paleo-allotetraploidCucurbitagenomes
Authors: Sun Honghe , Wu Shan , Zhang Guoyu , Jiao Chen , Guo Shaogui , Ren Yi , Zhang Jie , Zhang Haiying , Gong Guoyi , Jia Zhangcai , Zhang Fan , Tian Jiaxing , Lucas William J. , Doyle Jeff J. , Li Haizhen , Fei Zhangjun , Xu Yong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTheCucurbitagenus contains several economically important species in the Cucurbitaceae family. Interspecific hybrids betweenC. maximaandC. moschataare widely used as rootstocks for other cucurbit crops. We report high-quality genome sequences ofC. maximaandC. moschataand provide evidence supporting an allotetraploidization event inCucurbita. We are able to partition the genome into two homoeologous subgenomes based on different genetic distances to melon, cucumber and watermelon in the Benincaseae tribe. We estimate that the two diploid progenitors successively diverged from Benincaseae around 31 and 26 million years ago (Mya), and the allotetraploidization happened earlier than 3 Mya, whenC. maximaandC. moschatadiverged. The subgenomes have largely maintained the chromosome structures of their diploid progenitors. Such long-term karyotype stability after polyploidization is uncommon in plant polyploids. The two subgenomes have retained similar numbers of genes, and neither subgenome is globally dominant in gene expression. Allele-specific expression analysis in theC. maxima×C. moschatainterspecific F1hybrid and the two parents indicates the predominance oftrans-regulatory effects underlying expression divergence of the parents, and detects transgressive gene expression changes in the hybrid correlated with heterosis in important agronomic traits. Our study provides insights into plant genome evolution and valuable resources for genetic improvement of cucurbit crops.
Recombinant ACHT1 fromArabidopsis thaliana: crystallization and X-ray crystallographic analysis
Authors: Pan Weimin , Wang Junchao , Yang Ye , Liu Lin , Zhang Min 
Published: June 2017

Thioredoxins (Trxs) play important roles in chloroplasts by linking photosynthetic light reactions to a series of plastid functions. They execute their function by regulating the oxidation and reduction of disulfide bonds. ACHT1 (atypical cysteine/histidine-rich Trx1) is a thylakoid-associated thioredoxin-type protein found in theArabidopsis thalianachloroplast. Recombinant ACHT1 protein was overexpressed inEscherichia coli, purified and crystallized by the vapour-diffusion method. The crystal diffracted to 1.7 Å resolution and a complete X-ray data set was collected. Preliminary crystallographic analysis suggested that the crystals belonged to space groupC2221, with unit-cell parametersa = 102.7,b= 100.6,c= 92.8 Å.
Risks in homeownership: a perspective on The Netherlands
Authors: Teye Alfred Larm , Haan Jan de , Elsinga Marja Geessiena , Bondinuba Francis Kwesi , Gbadegesin Job Taiwo 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the risk factors in homeowners from the individual household’s perspectives within the owner-occupied housing sector of The Netherlands. Risk in home ownership from mortgage providers’ perspectives has received tremendous attention than individual home owner’s perspectives in existing literature following the financial crisis in 2007/2008 within the euro zone.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopted a broader review of extent literature on the different concepts and views on risk in homeownership. These concepts are unified into a framework that enhances our understanding of the perceived sophisticated risk in owner-occupier with focus on The Netherlands.FindingsFrom the perspective of the homeowner, two main types of risks were identified: default payment and property price risk. The paper has unearthed a quantum number of factors which underline the above risks. These factors relate to the initial amount of mortgage loan taken out, the future housing expenses and the income development of the owner-occupier. Family disintegration is identified, as one of the main causes of mortgage default and that of property price risk are mainly influenced by income levels, interest rates and conditions in the social and private rental sectors.Research limitations/implicationsFindings of the paper are based on review of the extant literature in the context of the Dutch housing market. Possible rigorous situational analysis using other tools are recommended for further research.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the much needed body of knowledge in the owner-occupied sector and provides a better understanding of risk in home ownership from the individual perspectives.
Understanding the contribution of effective communication strategies to program performance in humanitarian organizations
Authors: Villa Sebastián , Gonçalves Paulo , Villy Odong Tonny 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to employ concepts drawn from communication theory to develop a structural model that it is hoped will improve the understanding of the impact of effective communication mechanisms on the performance of humanitarian organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a case study of a single humanitarian organization. The authors designed a cross-sectional study, collecting data using structured questionnaires and interviews. Structural equation modeling was used to test and estimate the model.FindingsEstimations show that the proper design of internal manuals and procedure guidelines, coupled with formal strategies to foster stakeholder dialogue in organizations and increase the perceived performance of humanitarian programs.Practical implicationsThe paper discusses the importance of designing effective communication strategies that permit humanitarian organizations to use their communication channels properly and improve operations based on lessons learned and the concerns of stakeholders.Originality/valueThis paper builds on the foundations provided by communication theory to develop a model that explains how communication affects performance in humanitarian organizations. The study further builds on a case study to test the theoretical model.
Ketamine does not enhance the quality of recovery following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moro E. T. , Feitosa I. M. P. S. S. , de Oliveira R. G. , Saraiva G. F. P. , Rosalino R. , Marossi V. P. , Bloomstone J. A. , Navarro L. H. C. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundKetamine has been used as part of the multimodal analgesia technique in the acute perioperative period. The effect of perioperative intravenous small‐dose ketamine on the quality of recovery from the patient point‐of‐view has not been assessed. We hypothesized that low‐dose ketamine would enhance recovery following laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia.MethodsOne hundred thirty five patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: saline, ketamine 0.2 mg/kg, or ketamine 0.4 mg/kg immediately following the induction of anesthesia and before skin incision. The primary endpoint was assessed using the Quality of Recovery Questionnaire (QoR‐40), a 40‐item quality of recovery scoring system. In addition, early clinical recovery variables, such as time to eye opening, occurrence of nausea and vomiting, pain score, analgesic use, and length of PACU stay were assessed.ResultsNo differences were detected in the total or individual dimension scores of the QoR‐40 questionnaire. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and other complications did not differ among the three groups.ConclusionsSmall doses of ketamine do not improve the quality of recovery after remifentanil‐based anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
2016 ASE undergraduate essay competition candidate information
Authors: Chen Alice 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of this review is to discuss the role of medicaments and materials used in teeth undergoing root canal treatment and how they affect the overall prognosis of root canal treated teeth. Irrigants, medicaments and materials play a vital role in RCT. They reduce the overall microbial load within the root canal system, help reduce inter‐appointment pain, and induce apexification during RCT of permanent teeth with immature apices. In addition, they also help create a hermetic coronal and periradicular seal to entomb any residual microorganisms within the canals and prevent future ingress of contaminants into the root canal system and subsequent reinfection. Whilst the role of various materials in RCT has been thoroughly investigated, the available literature and longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the affect of such materials on the prognosis of RCT is scarce, and requires further investigation.
Redescription of the Brazilian stick insect Pseudophasma cambridgei Kirby (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae), with first description of the female and egg
Authors: Chiquetto‐Machado Pedro Ivo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe stick insect Pseudophasma cambridgei Kirby, 1904 was described from a single male collected in the region of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil. Based on specimens recently collected near the type locality, the species is redescribed here, including the first description of the female and egg. In addition, Pseudophasma septemtrionalis Toledo Piza, 1977 is synonymised with P. cambridgei, and morphological features of the genus Pseudophasma are discussed.
Construction of Anterior Hemi‐Corneal Equivalents Using Nontransfected Human Corneal Cells and Transplantation in Dog Models
Authors: Xu Bin , Song Zhan , Fan Tingjun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTissue‐engineered human anterior hemi‐cornea (TE‐aHC) is a promising equivalent for treating anterior lamellar keratopathy to surmount the severe shortage of donated corneas. This study was intended to construct a functional TE‐aHC with nontransfected human corneal stromal (ntHCS) and epithelial (ntHCEP) cells using acellular porcine corneal stromata (aPCS) as a carrier scaffold, and evaluate its biological functions in a dog model. To construct a TE‐aHC, ntHCS cells were injected into an aPCS scaffold and cultured for 3 days; then, ntHCEP cells were inoculated onto the Bowman's membrane of the scaffold and cultured for 5 days under air‐liquid interface condition. After its morphology and histological structure were characterized, the constructed TE‐aHC was transplanted into dog eyes via lamellar keratoplasty. The corneal transparency, thickness, intraocular pressure, epithelial integrity, and corneal regeneration were monitored in vivo, and the histological structure and histochemical property were examined ex vivo 360 days after surgery, respectively. The results showed that the constructed TE‐aHC was highly transparent and composed of a corneal epithelium of 7–8 layer ntHCEP cells and a corneal stroma of regularly aligned collagen fibers and well‐preserved glycosaminoglycans with sparsely distributed ntHCS cells, mimicking a normal anterior hemi‐cornea (aHC). Moreover, both ntHCEP and ntHCS cells maintained positive expression of their marker and functional proteins. After transplantation into dog eyes, the constructed TE‐aHC acted naturally in terms of morphology, structure and inherent property, and functioned well in maintaining corneal clarity, thickness, normal histological structure, and composition in dog models by reconstructing a normal aHC, which could be used as a promising aHC equivalent in corneal regenerative medicine and aHC disorder therapy.
The Effect of Compliant Inflow Cannulae on the Hemocompatibility of Rotary Blood Pump Circuits in an In Vitro Model
Authors: Pauls Jo P. , Nandakumar Deepika , Horobin Jarod , Prendeville Justin D. , Simmonds Michael J. , Fraser John F. , Tansley Geoff , Gregory Shaun D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRotary blood pumps (RBPs) are used for mechanical circulatory support in heart failure patients but exhibit a reduced response to preload changes, which can lead to ventricular suction events. A passive control system, in the form of a compliant inflow cannula (IC), has been developed to mitigate suction, although this device may cause significant hemolysis. This study compared the incidence of mechanically induced hemolysis of two compliant IC designs (strutted and nonstrutted) with a rigid IC (control) in a blood circulation loop over 90 min. The nonstrutted compliant IC introduced high frequency and high amplitude oscillations in RBP inlet pressure and RBP IC resistance. These oscillations were correlated with a significant increase in plasma‐free hemoglobin (pfHb) and hemolysis: pfHb increased to 2.005 ± 0.665 g/L, while normalized index of hemolysis (NIH) and modified index of hemolysis (MIH) increased to 0.04945 ± 0.01276 g/100 L and 4.0505 ± 0.6589 after 90 min (P < 0.05). In contrast, the strutted compliant IC performed similar to the clinically utilized rigid IC and did not increase pfHb (0.300 ± 0.090 and 0.320 ± 0.171 g/L, respectively) and rate of hemolysis (NIH 0.00435 ± 0.00155 and 0.00543 ± 0.00371 g/100 L; MIH 0.3896 ± 0.1749 and 0.4261 ± 0.2792, respectively) within the RBP circuit. These data indicated that strutted, compliant ICs meet the hemocompatibility of clinically used rigid ICs while also offering a potential solution to prevent ventricular suction events.
Control of a Pediatric Pulsatile Ventricular Assist Device: A Hybrid Cardiovascular Model Study
Authors: Ferrari Gianfranco , Di Molfetta Arianna , Zieliński Krzysztof , Fresiello Libera , Górczyńska Krystyna , Pałko Krzysztof Jakub , Darowski Marek , Amodeo Antonio , Kozarski Maciej 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of this work is to study pediatric pneumatic ventricle (PVAD) performance, versus VAD rate (VADR) and native heart rate (HR) ratio Rr (VADR/HR). The study uses a hybrid model of the cardiovascular system (HCS). HCS consists of a computational part (a lumped parameter model including left and right ventricles, systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous circulation) interfaced to a physical part. This permits the connection of a VAD (15 mL PVAD). Echocardiographic and hemodynamic data of a pediatric patient (average weight 14.3 kg, HR 100 bpm, systemic pressure 75/44 mm Hg, CO 1.5 L/min) assisted apically with asynchronous PVAD were used to set up a basal condition in the model. After model tuning, the assistance was started, setting VAD parameters (ejection and filling pressures, systole duration) to completely fill and empty the PVAD. The study was conducted with constant HR and variable VADR (50‐120, step 10, bpm). Experiments were repeated for two additional patients' HRs, 90 and 110 bpm and for two values of systemic arterial resistance (Ras) and Emax. Experimental data were collected and stored on disk. Analyzed data include average left and right ventricular volumes (LVV, RVV), left ventricular flow (LVF), VAD flow (VADF), and total cardiac output (COt). Data were analyzed versus Rr. LVV and RVV are sensitive to Rr and a left ventricular unloading corresponds in general to a right ventricular loading. In the case of asynchronous assistance, frequency beats are always present and the beat rate is equal to the difference between HR and VADR. In the case of pulsatile asynchronous LVAD assistance, VADR should be chosen to minimize frequency beat effects and right ventricular loading and to maximize left ventricular unloading.