bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation and profile of pharmaceutical availability from a model oral solid form of a drug of phytochemicals contained in dry Taraxacum officinale extract
Authors: Marczyński Zbigniew , Fornal Maria Elżbieta , Jambor Jerzy , Zgoda Marian Mikołaj 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Introduction: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale coll.), also called the common dandelion grows wild throughout Europe, Asia and the Americas. It is a perennial plant of the family of Asteraceae, having powerful healing properties. The entire plant – flowers, roots and leaves – is the medicinal raw material.

Objective: The aim of this study was to manufacture model tablets of pharmacopoeial disintegration time by direct compression of dry titrated extract of dandelion with selected excipients.

Methods: Tablets were obtained by direct compression using reciprocating tableting machine (Erweka). Morphological parameters – hardness, friability, disintegration time in pharmacopoeial acceptor fluids were investigated using Erweka equipment. Their actual surface area was also calculated. There was also tested the rate of dissolution of phytochemicals from model tablets in the presence of excipients in pharmacopoeial acceptor fluids (V=1.0 dm3) by the method of a basket in Erweka apparatus. Spectrophotometric determinations were performed.

Results: It results from the morphological studies of model tablets containing Ext. Taraxaci e radix cum herba aqu. siccum that they are characterized by comparable surface and friability at varying hardness, the latter depending on the applied excipients. This is reflected in the effective disintegration time in model acceptor fluids consistent with pharmacopoeial requirements.

Conclusions: The used excipients enabled to produce model tablets containing dry extract of dandelion by direct compression. The obtained results demonstrated that microcrystalline Prosolv-type cellulose, Vivapur 200 and Emdex were compatible with the structure of the extract of dandelion. They allow to manufacture a model solid oral dosage forms of the desired morphological parameters and effective disintegration time complying with the pharmacopoeial requirements.
Fumigant toxicities of essential oils and two monoterpenes against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculellaZeller)
Authors: Tayoub Ghaleb , Alorfi Malik , Ismail Hala 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIntroduction:The potato tuber moth (PTM) is the major economic pest of potato. Different approaches were tried to prevent and control this pest including natural pesticides and synthetic fumigants.Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal activity of the essential oils of thyme and myrtle. In addition to evaluating the insecticidal activity of carvacrol and eucalyptol against the different life stages of potato tuber moth using a fumigation bioassays.Methods:Thyme and myrtle oils were extracted from wildThymus syriacusBoiss. and wildMyrtus communisL. by hydrodistillation. Fumigation experiments were conducted on potato tuber moth of different stages of development (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults), using standard methods. The potato tuber moth was treated for different periods using different concentrations of the essential oils. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied on the mortality percentages data to estimate the significance of differences between treatments atp<0.05. Probit analysis was used to estimate the LC50, LC90and LT50.Results:Adult stage was the most sensitive to essential oils vapours with LC50value of 0.5μl/l air. Whereas, pupal stages were the most tolerant. The essential oil of thyme possessed the strongest fumigant toxicity against eggs with a LC50value of 6.1μl/l air. The two monoterpens showed varied fumigant toxicity against adult stage. Carvacrol achieved 100% mortality at 0.125μl/l air after 6 h, and 0.025μl/l air after 48h exposure with LT50period of 0.5 h.Conclusion:The present work demonstrated thatT. syriacusessential oil is a promising natural fumigant against the different developmental stages of PTM.
Catalytic Synthesis of n-Butyl Oleate by Cerium Complex Doped Y/SBA-15 Composite Molecular Sieve
Authors: Shi Chunwei , Bian Xue , Wu Yongfu , Cong Yufeng , Pei Mingyuan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Cerium ion was successfully incorporated into Y/SBA-15 micro-mesoporous molecular sieves via the hydrothermal synthesis method to give a series of composite materials. The prepared materials were thoroughly characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and differential thermo gravimetric analysis (TG-DTG). The results showed that the prepared composite materials retained the highly ordered mesoporous two-dimensional hexagonal structure of SBA-15 and the octagonal structure of Y. The catalyst Ce-Y/SBA-15 was prepared and characterized, then the esterification of n-butanol and oleic acid was studied with bismuth phosphotungstate as a catalyst. Using this model reaction, the effects of Ce-HY/SBA-15, molar ratio of alcohol to oleic acid, amount of catalysts, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The experimental results show that the optimal reaction conditions were: 1.8:1 molar ratio of alcohol to acid, 5 % catalyst amount (based on weight of oleic acid), 4 h reaction time and reflux conditions. Under these conditions, the yield of esterification was 90.6 %. The results suggest that the addition of Ce can effectively improve the catalytic properties of composite molecular sieves.
Effect of Composition, High Magnetic Field and Solidification Parameters on Eutectic Morphology in Cu-Ag Alloys
Authors: Zhao Congcong , Wang Engang , Zuo Xiaowei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHigh magnetic field (HMF) and solidification processes were changed during the solidification of both Cu-28 mass %Ag and Cu-72 mass %Ag alloys. The results indicated that the eutectic morphology in Cu-Ag alloys was affected by HMF, composition and solidification parameters. The lamellar spacing of Cu-28 mass %Ag alloy solidified by furnace-cooling was refined by the application of HMF owing to the decreased diffusion coefficient in mushy zone. The lamellar spacing in both Cu-28 mass %Ag sample held at the eutectic temperature and Cu-72 mass %Ag sample by slow controlling cooling was increased by HMF, which might be attributed to the dominated thermolectromagnetic convection. The lamellar spacing in Cu-72 mass %Ag alloys was increased compared with that of Cu-28 mass %Ag alloys because of the decreased growth rates. In Cu-28 mass %Ag alloy, however, fluid transverse velocity gradient was dominate rather than the growth rate and the imposition of HMF had reverse influences on the lamellar spacing. The lamellar-rod transition of Cu phase was promoted by HMF because of the increased Cu volume fraction in eutectic component. These results shed light on the dependence of eutectic morphology in Cu-Ag alloys on composition, external high magnetic field and solidification parameters.
Subjective outcome evaluation of the community-based P.A.T.H.S Project: views of program implementers
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Leung Janet T.Y. , Ma Cecilia M.S. , Wu Jing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe present study adopted subjective outcome evaluation to examine program effectiveness from the views of implementers (N=375) who implemented the community-based Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong. The results revealed that most of the program implementers were satisfied with the program content, their own performance, and program benefits. In agreement with previous studies, the satisfaction ratings of both program content and implementer performance positively predicted perceived program benefits. Regarding the influences of different program delivery approaches, programs with the “interest-enhancement” (INT) element received a more positive evaluation from implementers than did the programs without that element. For programs with the “work-related” (WORK) element, parental involvement significantly raised implementers’ satisfaction ratings on their own performance. The current findings provided evidence for the effectiveness of the P.A.T.H.S. Tier 2 Program from the perspective of the implementers.
Postpartum midwifery care and familial psychosocial risk factors in Switzerland: A secondary data analysis / Hebammenbetreuung im Wochenbett und familiäre psychosoziale Risikofaktoren in der Schweiz: eine Sekundäranalyse
Authors: Erdin Rebekka , Iljuschin Irina , Pehlke-Milde Jessica 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Psychosocial resources of parents are vital for the health and development of their children. Families in stressful circumstances should receive early seamless care to strengthen their parental resources. Independent midwives provide ambulant postpartum care in most families in Switzerland, and hence could play an important role in the early assessment and care of families at risk.

Methods
Comprehensive routine data of Swiss independent midwives were used for secondary analysis. Frequencies of known psychosocial risk factors were derived and compared to other data sources. Group comparisons were made with respect to family characteristics and midwifery care.

Results
Only some of the considered risk factors are representable in the midwives‘ data. 18.6% of all families have one and 6.25% have multiple such representable risk factors. Immigrant mothers from developing and emerging countries, very young or older mothers and large families are thereby particularly often affected. Burdened families receive more home visits, but have a later onset of ambulant postpartum care. They suffer more often from breast-feeding problems and are more frequently referred to other disciplines.

Discussion
Independent midwives in Switzerland document some of the known psychosocial risk factors and adapt their care in routine practice. The collection of data with a better coverage of the known psychosocial risk factors, ideally using validated assessment instruments, is recommended, and further research is required for a more in-depth understanding of the current interdisciplinary collaboration and the needs of families and care providers.
Investigation and Properties of the Discharge in Dielectric Barrier Reactors Decomposition of Toluene, o-Xylene, Trichloroethylene, and Their Mixture Using a BaTiO3 Packed-Bed Plasma Reactor
Authors: Pietsch Gerhard J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe dielectric barrier discharge consists of numerous non-thermal microdischarges which are temporally and spatially distributed within the reactor volume. From a refined modeling of microdischarges, chemical reactions, and the interaction of discharges and process gas, the properties of the reactor can be evaluated. Quantitative results for the ozone generation process are presented.
Ozone and the Other Gaseous By-products Generated from Dry Air by the Trench Type Barrier Discharge Plasma Reactor
Authors: Chang J. S. , Looy P. C. , Arquilla M. , Kamiya I. , Sinjo R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOzone and the other gaseous by-products generated from dry air by the trench type barrier discharge plasma reactor is experimentally investigated. The results show that N
Purification of Diesel Exhaust Gas Using Reducing Catalysers
Authors: Kinoshita Katsuharu , Watanabe, Shigeo , Hayash Niichi , Uchida Yoshiyuki , Dykes David , Touchard Gerard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDiesel engine exhaust gas is known to be one cause of photochemical smog, which is so damaging to city environments. However, because of its high thermal efficiency and economic advantages, the diesel engine is not easily dispensable. The authors have previously conducted a series of experiments to assess the purifying effects of a diesel gas purification device employing an electric trap. It has been confirmed that an extraction rate of 60∼75 % for black smoke can be achieved using this apparatus. But the extraction effect for nitrogen oxides (NOx) is insufficient if the electro-trap device is used on its own. To improve its performance, experiments have now been undertaken using the same device in combination with various types of attached catalysers to oxidise and remove the nitrogen in the exhaust gas. Utilising a commercial 3-way catalyser, it proved difficult to maintain the gas at a suitable temperature, so that no outstanding result could be obtained. Nor was any significant result observ­ed from the use of an ozoniser. However, with a zeolyte catalyser, it was possible to achieve a NOx reduction of 20∼30 %. This latter experiment is reported in the present paper.
The Effect of Ammonia Injection Rate and Discharge Power on the Reduction of NOx from a Combustion Flue Gas by Superimposing Barrier Discharge Reactors
Authors: Urashima K. , Chang J. S. , Ito T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe effects of ammonia concentration on the removal of NOx in a combustion flue gas by superimposing barrier discharge plasma reactors are experimentally investigated. The experiments are conducted for the applied voltages from 0 to 24 kV, the flue rates from 0.5 to 2 L/min and ammonia mixture concentration from 0.7 to 1.2 stoichiometry. The results show that NOx removal increases with increasing discharge power, gas flow rates, and ammonia mixture concentration. NOx removal energy efficiency increases with increasing ammonia mixture concentration and gas flow rates, and decreases with increasing discharge power.
Non-Thermal Plasma Techniques for the Reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air Streams: A Critical Review
Authors: Vercammen Karen L. L. , Berezin Alexander A. , Lox Frans , Chang Jen-Shih 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper critically reviews the non-thermal plasma techniques for reduction of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in air streams. The currently used technologies fall into two categories: those based on nonthermal plasma generated from various forms of corona discharge and those exploiting high energy electron beams. Relative advantages and disadvantages of non-thermal plasma and conventional techniques are discussed.
Removal of Xylene, Trichloroethylene and Their Mixtures from Air Stream by a Pulsed Corona Discharge Induced Plasma Reactor
Authors: Chang J. S. , Yamamoto T. , Kohno H. , Tamura M. , Honda S. , Shibuya A. , Berezin A. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOC) containing gases from semiconductor industries are toxic to human health, and, therefore, need to be controlled. A bench scale wire-pipe type pulsed corona discharge induced plasma reactor was used to decompose these compounds from dry air. The concentration of VOCs and by-products are measured by both gas/chromatography and Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy systems. The removal efficiencies for both xylene and trichloroethylene depends on the residence time and applied voltage and a 100% removal efficiency was achieved for both 200 ppm o-xylene and TCE with the residence time below 2.5 s and applied voltage of 25 kV. When xylene and TCE mixture was used, xylene removal is enhanced while TCE removal is reduced. The mechanism of destruction process and discharge by-products are also discussed in detail.
Integration of Chemical and Biological Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment: II. Recent Illustrations and Experiences
Authors: Scott Jon P. , Ollis David F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn a recent review, we surveyed a literature of about 70 papers between 1970 and 1994 in which some chemical oxidative pretreatment combined with a biological oxidation had been tried, usually at lab scale, in attempts to more efficiently degrade recalcitrant water contaminants. Since 1994, new reports have confirmed and expanded this integrated process concept. These recent, promising results collectively provide strong suggestions for further rapid developments of combining (A)OPs with biological oxidations. This paper updates our previous review by introducing new examples illustrative of important, and sometimes unexpected, phenomena. New areas of exploration include use of recycle streams within the combined process, scale-up to larger and to continuous systems, determination of optimal chemical reaction times, and the use of gross water quality measures (BOD, COD, DOC) within process engineering models.
Influence of Natural Organic Matter on Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds by the H2O2/VisUV Process
Authors: Symons James M. , Baker Charlene M. , Prengle H. William 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper presents experimental research to determine the affect of background natural organic material (NOM) on the conversion of five (5) VOC's: 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), benzene (BNZ), trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB), and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Experiments were conducted using DI water and Houston tap water ([TOC] = 3.6 mg/L) as solvents. In addition, the affects of buffer form and excess hydrogen peroxide were determined. Experimental runs were conducted in a photochemical-flow-stirred-tank reactor (pcfSTR), using a 450 W visible/ultraviolet radiation source. The data were analyzed using the Prengle- Shimoda reaction rate model, yielding the reaction rate constant ka (μmols A conv/min, Lr, photon flux) for comparison purposes. Analysis of the experimental data indicated the following conclusions: 1) At the concentrations used for bicarbonate or phosphate buffer, little or no affect was observed; 2) The presence of NOM surpressed the reaction rate for three of the compounds, TCA, BNZ, and PCE at the 95 % confidence level; and 3) Excess hydrogen peroxide, beyond the stoichiometric value, increased the reaction rate constant for all five compounds. The greatest increase was seen for DCB.
Combination of UV Oxidation with Other Treatment Technologies for the Remediation of Contaminated Water
Authors: Bircher K. G. , Lem W. , Simms K. M. , Dussert B. W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe use of stand-alone water treatment technologies such as UV/Oxidation, granular activated carbon (GAC), air stripping and sedimentation, has proven to be cost-effective in many cases. However, there are a substantial number of instances where a combination of treatment technologies integrated into a treatment train provides a more economical approach than would be obtained by using only one technology. This paper presents case studies of integrated systems where UV/Oxidation is combined with either GAC, air stripping, or precipitation. The benefits, including improved treatment costs, are described using data from actual installations.
Environmental Radiolysis for Soil and Sediment Treatment: A Review of Chemistry, Design, and Economic Issues
Authors: Gray Kimberly A. , Cleland Marshall R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRadiation processing is a mature industrial technology widely utilized in the manufacture of an extensive assortment of products. In addition, there have been many successful demonstrations of the use of radiolysis for environmental application. The purpose of this article is to illustrate that the use of ionizing radiation to remediate contaminated media should be seriously considered as an innovative alternative to conventional techniques, especially in the case of chlorinated pollutants such as dioxins and PCBs. A thorough review of the principles of radiolysis and the practice of radiation processing is presented. A comparison of gamma and high-energy electron radiation sources is made in order to delineate the type and scale of application best suited for a particular system. Since the quantities of contaminated soils, sediments, and sludges are enormous and the required radiation doses are large, the economies of scale favor the use of high power and high energy electron beams. A cost estimate is presented to illustrate that a contaminated soil can be treated at a dose of 1 MGy with a 150 kW, 10 MeV IMPELA electron beam at a rate of approximately 3000 metric tons/year and at a total amortized cost of $720/ton, a sum substantially less than incineration costs. A novel soil treatment facility design is presented and various strategies in which it can be employed to reduce overall treatment costs are discussed.
Field Evaluation of High Voltage Electron Beam Technology for Treating VOC-Contaminated Groundwater. Part I: VOC Removals and Treatment Costs
Authors: Alvarez Franklin , Topudurti Kirankumar , Keefe Michael , Petropoulou Chriso , Schlichting Tim 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAs part of the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency evaluated the High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc. (HVEA), electron beam (E-beam) technology at the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, South Carolina. This technology irradiates water with a beam of high-energy electrons, causing the formation of three primary transient reactive species: aqueous electrons, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen radicals. Target organic compounds are either mineralized or broken down into low molecular weight organic compounds, primarily by these species. The E-beam system used for the evaluation is housed in an 8- by 48-foot trailer and is rated for a maximum flow rate of 50 gpm. During two different periods totaling 3 weeks in September and November 1994, about 70,000 gallons of SRS M-area groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was treated with the E-beam system. The highest removal efficiencies (REs) observed for unsaturated chlorinated VOCs in groundwater - trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE) - were >99, 99, and > 91%, respectively. REs ranged from 68 to > 98% for 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl
Decolorization of Simulated Dye Wastewater by High Energy Electron Beam Irradiation with Fe(II) Addition
Authors: Kurucz Charles N. , An Huren , Greene Jason , Waite Thomas D. , Cooper William J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDye wastewaters generally contain highly colored refractory organic chemicals. Traditional biological processes have proven inefficient in the removal of commercial dyes; however, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as Fenton’s Reagent TiO
Endurance Test of TiO2-Based Photocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Assink J. W. , Slaager J. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe long term behaviour of suspended photocatalysts (Degussa P25) is studied in two endurance tests. Model waste water with an acid dye (Special Brilliant Blue FFR) or 4-chlorophenol as main contaminant have been used. Titanium dioxide is recovered from the effluent by pressure filtration and reused in the feed. A change in suspension behaviour of the titanium dioxide was observed over the period of the endurance tests (approx. 400 h). The photocatalytic activity decreased in the same period by approx. 55 % in the case of chlorophenol and approx. 25 % in the case of the dye. Intermediates from the chlorophenol degradation have been identified. The result of the tests are fitted to a physical model of the process. They are also useful for improved reactor design
Photocatalytic Reduction and Removal of Uranium From a Uranium- EDTA Solution
Authors: Cerrillos Consuelo , Ollis David F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe removal, from aqueous solution, of uranyl ions by adsorption in the absence and presence of the chelant EDTA, and the photocatalytic removal by reduction of uranium from U:EDTA solutions is reported. Uranyl (UO