bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Truly trapped rainbow by utilizing nonreciprocal waveguides
Authors: Liu Kexin , He Sailing 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe concept of a “trapped rainbow” has generated considerable interest for optical data storage and processing. It aims to trap different frequency components of the wave packet at different positions permanently. However, all the previously proposed structures cannot truly achieve this effect, due to the difficulties in suppressing the reflection caused by strong intermodal coupling and distinguishing different frequency components simultaneously. In this article, we found a physical mechanism to achieve a truly “trapped rainbow” storage of electromagnetic wave. We utilize nonreciprocal waveguides under a tapered magnetic field to achieve this and such a trapping effect is stable even under fabrication disorders. We also observe hot spots and relatively long duration time of the trapped wave around critical positions through frequency domain and time domain simulations. The physical mechanism we found has a variety of potential applications ranging from wave harvesting and storage to nonlinearity enhancement.
Lysine Acetylation and Succinylation in HeLa Cells and their Essential Roles in Response to UV-induced Stress
Authors: Xu Hong , Chen Xuanyi , Xu Xiaoli , Shi Rongyi , Suo Shasha , Cheng Kaiying , Zheng Zhiguo , Wang Meixia , Wang Liangyan , Zhao Ye , Tian Bing , Hua Yuejin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLysine acetylation and succinylation are major types of protein acylation that are important in many cellular processes including gene transcription, cellular metabolism, DNA damage response. Malfunctions in these post-translational modifications are associated with genome instability and disease in higher organisms. In this study, we used high-resolution nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with affinity purification to quantify the dynamic changes of protein acetylation and succinylation in response to ultraviolet (UV)-induced cell stress. A total of 3345 acetylation sites in 1440 proteins and 567 succinylation sites in 246 proteins were identified, many of which have not been reported previously. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins are involved in many important biological processes, including cell signalling transduction, protein localization and cell metabolism. Crosstalk analysis between these two modifications indicated that modification switches might regulate protein function in response to UV-induced DNA damage. We further illustrated that FEN1 acetylation at different sites could lead to different cellular phenotypes, suggesting the multiple function involvement of FEN1 acetylation under DNA damage stress. These systematic analyses provided valuable resources and new insight into the potential role of lysine acetylation and succinylation under physiological and pathological conditions.
A simple Gateway-assisted construction system of TALEN genes for plant genome editing
Authors: Kusano Hiroaki , Onodera Hitomi , Kihira Miho , Aoki Hiromi , Matsuzaki Hikaru , Shimada Hiroaki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTALEN is an artificial nuclease being applied for sequence-specific genome editing. For the plant genome editing, a pair of TALEN genes is expressed in the cells and a binary plasmid for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation should be assembled. We developed a novel procedure using the Gateway-assisted plasmids, named Emerald–Gateway TALEN system. We constructed entry vectors, pPlat plasmids, for construction of a desired TALEN gene using Platinum Gate TALEN kit. We also created destination plasmid, pDual35SGw1301, which allowed two TALEN genes to both DNA strands to recruit using Gateway technology. Resultant TALEN genes were evaluated by the single-strand annealing (SSA) assay in E. coli cells. By this assay, the TALENs recognized the corresponding targets in the divided luciferase gene and induced a specific recombination to generate an active luciferase gene. Using the TALEN genes constructed, we created a transformant potato cells in which a site-specific mutation occurred at the target site of the GBSS gene. This suggested that our system worked effectively and was applicable as a convenient tool for the plant genome editing.
Systemic localization of seven major types of carbohydrates on cell membranes by dSTORM imaging
Authors: Chen Junling , Gao Jing , Zhang Min , Cai Mingjun , Xu Haijiao , Jiang Junguang , Tian Zhiyuan , Wang Hongda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCarbohydrates on the cell surface control intercellular interactions and play a vital role in various physiological processes. However, their systemic distribution patterns are poorly understood. Through the direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) strategy, we systematically revealed that several types of representative carbohydrates are found in clustered states. Interestingly, the results from dual-color dSTORM imaging indicate that these carbohydrate clusters are prone to connect with one another and eventually form conjoined platforms where different functional glycoproteins aggregate (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor, (EGFR) and band 3 protein). A thorough understanding of the ensemble distribution of carbohydrates on the cell surface paves the way for elucidating the structure-function relationship of cell membranes and the critical roles of carbohydrates in various physiological and pathological cell processes.
The 7 × 1 Fermi Surface Reconstruction in a Two-dimensional f -electron Charge Density Wave System: PrTe3
Authors: Lee Eunsook , Kim D. H. , Kim Hyun Woo , Denlinger J. D. , Kim Heejung , Kim Junwon , Kim Kyoo , Min B. I. , Min B. H. , Kwon Y. S. , Kang J.-S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe electronic structure of a charge density wave (CDW) system PrTe3 and its modulated structure in the CDW phase have been investigated by employing ARPES, XAS, Pr 4 f RPES, and first-principles band structure calculation. Pr ions are found to be nearly trivalent, supporting the CDW instability in the metallic Te sheets through partial filling. Finite Pr 4 f spectral weight is observed near the Fermi level, suggesting the non-negligible Pr 4 f contribution to the CDW formation through the Pr 4 f -Te 5p hybridization. The two-fold symmetric features in the measured Fermi surface (FS) of PrTe3 are explained by the calculated FS for the assumed 7 × 1 CDW supercell formation in Te sheets. The shadow bands and the corresponding very weak FSs are observed, which originate from both the band folding due to the 3D interaction of Te sheets with neighboring Pr-Te layers and that due to the CDW-induced FS reconstruction. The straight vertical FSs are observed along kz , demonstrating the nearly 2D character for the near-EF states. The observed linear dichroism reveals the in-plane orbital character of the near-EF Te 5p states.
Effect of Oxygen-deficiencies on Resistance Switching in Amorphous YFe0.5Cr0.5O3−d films
Authors: Wang Xianjie , Hu Chang , Song Yongli , Zhao Xiaofeng , Zhang Lingli , Lv Zhe , Wang Yang , Liu Zhiguo , Wang Yi , Zhang Yu , Sui Yu , Song Bo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate the contribution of the oxygen-deficiencies on the bipolar resistance switching (RS) properties of amorphous-YFe0.5Cr0.5O3−d (a-YFCO) films. The a-YFCO films were prepared under various oxygen pressures to tune the concentration of oxygen-deficiencies in the films. The XPS data verify that the oxygen-deficiencies increase with decreasing oxygen pressure. The RS property becomes more pronounced with more oxygen-deficiencies in a-YFCO films. Based on the Ohmic conduction measurements in the low resistance state, we confirm that the RS mechanism is related to the migration of oxygen-deficiencies. The enhanced RS and long retention in a-YFCO suggest a great potential for applications in nonvolatile memory devices.
Regulation of Tlx3 by Pax6 is required for the restricted expression of Chrnα3 in Cerebellar Granule Neuron progenitors during development
Authors: Divya Thulasi Sheela , Lalitha Soundararajan , Parvathy Surendran , Subashini Chandramohan , Sanalkumar Rajendran , Dhanesh Sivadasan Bindu , Rasheed Vazhanthodi Abdul , Divya Mundackal Sivaraman , Tole Shubha , James Jackson 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHomeobox gene Tlx3 is known to promote glutamatergic differentiation and is expressed in post-mitotic neurons of CNS. Contrary to this here, we discovered that Tlx3 is expressed in the proliferating progenitors of the external granule layer in the cerebellum, and examined factors that regulate this expression. Using Pax6−/−Sey mouse model and molecular interaction studies we demonstrate Pax6 is a key activator of Tlx3 specifically in cerebellum, and induces its expression starting at embryonic day (E)15. By Postnatal day (PN)7, Tlx3 is expressed in a highly restricted manner in the cerebellar granule neurons of the posterior cerebellar lobes, where it is required for the restricted expression of nicotinic cholinergic receptor-α3 subunit (Chrnα3) and other genes involved in formation of synaptic connections and neuronal migration. These results demonstrate a novel role for Tlx3 and indicate that Pax6-Tlx3 expression and interaction is part of a region specific regulatory network in cerebellum and its deregulation during development could possibly lead to Autistic spectral disorders (ASD).
Drying soil in North China drove the outbreak range expansion of meadow moth by facilitating long-distance migration
Authors: Chen Xiao , Jiang Yuying , Kang Aiguo , Zhai Baoping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStudies of the mechanism underlying the range expansion of organisms have mainly focused on environmental conditions at the edges of species’ distributions, potentially ignoring other possible factors. Here, we demonstrated the outbreak range expansion of meadow moth from North China to Northeast China in the past three outbreak periods. We found that the negligible infestation in Northeast China in the 1950s could not be explained by local climatic conditions. However, the soil moisture in North China decreased distinctly from 1951 to 2011 and was significantly and positively correlated with the timing of the first adult peak on plateaus, meaning that the deterioration of habitat conditions could result in earlier peaks of adults in areas of high-elevation by stimulating the short-distance dispersal of adults from the plains to the plateaus. Adults peaking earlier have a stronger tendency to emigrate due to mismatched phenology. Hence, drying soil in North China caused the frequent long-distance migration of meadow moth after the 1970s and drove the outbreak range expansion. This study suggests that, for a migratory species, the deterioration of habitat conditions in overwintering areas might also influence the distribution of this species in breeding areas at high latitudes by facilitating migration activities.
Fuzzy nanostructure growth on Ta/Fe by He plasma irradiation
Authors: Kajita Shin , Ishida Tomoya , Ohno Noriyasu , Hwangbo Dogyun , Yoshida Tomoko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this study, we show from helium (He) plasma irradiation to tantalum and iron surfaces that morphology changes in nanoscale occur on the both metals. In particular, from systematic irradiation experiments, it is identified that fuzzy nanostructures are grown on the both metals. The necessary conditions for the morphology changes are discussed based on the experimental results in terms of the helium migration, the physical sputtering and the shear modulus of materials. Because oxides or oxinitrides of iron and tantalum are thought of as visible light responsive photocatalytic materials, the present work shows wide potential of usage of plasmas as a tool to tailor photocatalytic materials.
In Vivo therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles with optical imaging reporter in tumor mice model
Authors: Kalimuthu Senthilkumar , Gangadaran Prakash , Li Xiu Juan , Oh Ji Min , Lee Ho Won , Jeong Shin Young , Lee Sang-Woo , Lee Jaetae , Ahn Byeong-Cheol 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as a therapeutic armor for cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs have been evaluated for anticancer effects. In vivo targeting of EVs to the tumor is an essential requirement for successful therapy. Therefore, non-invasive methods of monitoring EVs in animal models are crucial for developing EV-based cancer therapies. The present study to develop bioluminescent EVs using Renilla luciferase (Rluc)-expressing MSCs. The EVs from MSC/Rluc cells (EV-MSC/Rluc) were visualized in a murine lung cancer model. The anticancer effects of EVs on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and other cancer cells were assessed. EV-MSC/Rluc were visualized in vivo in the LLC-efffuc tumor model using optical imaging. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed with Annexin-V and propidium iodide staining. EV-MSC/Rluc and EV-MSCs showed a significant cytotoxic effect against LLC-effluc cells and 4T1; however, no significant effect on CT26, B16F10, TC1 cells. Moreover, EV-MSC/Rluc inhibited LLC tumor growth in vivo. EV-MSC/Rluc-mediated LLC tumor inhibitory mechanism revealed the decreased pERK and increased cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP. We successfully developed luminescent EV-MSC/Rluc that have a therapeutic effect on LLC cells in both in vitro and in vivo. This bioluminescent EV system can be used to optimize EV-based therapy.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 is associated with cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yu Rwei-Ling , Tan Chun-Hsiang , Lu Ying-Che , Wu Ruey-Meei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNeurotransmitter degradation has been proposed to cause the accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites. The metabolism of these metabolites involves aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). The Asian-specific single nucleotide polymorphism rs671 causes reduced enzyme activity. This study aims to explore whether Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with reduced ALDH2 activity owing to the rs671 polymorphism are at risk for neuropsychological impairments. A total of 139 PD patients were recruited. Each participant was assessed for medical characteristics and their ALDH2 genotype. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and the Frontal Behavioral Inventory were used to measure neuropsychological functions. We found that the MMSE scores were significantly lower in patients with inactive ALDH2 (U = 1873.5, p = 0.02). The presence of cognitive impairments was significantly more frequent in the inactive ALDH2 group (46.0%) than in the active ALDH2 group (26.3%) (χ2 = 5.886, p = 0.01). The inactive group showed significant deterioration in hobbies and exhibited more severe “disorganization” and “hyper-sexuality” behaviours. The additive effects of the allele on the development of cognitive impairments in PD patients may be an important finding that provides further insight into the pathogenic mechanism of cognitive dysfunction in PD.
One-Pot Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots via Exfoliating and Disintegrating Graphite Flakes
Authors: Kuo Na-Jung , Chen Yu-Syuan , Wu Chien-Wei , Huang Chun-Yuan , Chan Yang-Hsiang , Chen I-Wen Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs) have drawn tremendous attention on account of their numerous alluring properties and a wide range of application potentials. Here, we report that hydrophilic and hydrophobic N-doped GQDs can be prepared via exfoliating and disintegrating graphite flakes. Various spectroscopic characterizations including TEM, AFM, FTIR, PL, XPS and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the hydrophilic N-doped GQDs (IN-GQDs) and the hydrophobic N-doped GQDs (ON-GQDs) are mono-layered and multi-layered, respectively. In terms of practical aspects, the supercapacitor of an ON-GQDs/SWCNTs composite paper electrode was fabricated and exhibited an areal capacitance of 114 mF/cm2, which is more than 250% higher than the best reported value to date for a GQDs/carbon nanotube hybrid composite. For IN-GQDs applications, bio-memristor devices of IN-GQDs-albumen combination exhibited on/off current ratios in excess of 104 accompanied by stable switching endurance of over 250 cycles. The resistance stability of the high resistance state and the low resistance state could be maintained for over 104 s. Moreover, the IN-GQDs exhibited a superior quantum yield (34%), excellent stability of cellular imaging and no cytotoxicity. Hence, the solution-based method for synchronized production of IN-GQDs and ON-GQDs is a facile and processable route that will bring GQDs-based electronics and composites closer to actualization.
WNV: emerging threat to the Americas and opportunities for control.
Authors: Kauffman E. , Kramer L. D. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV; family Flaviviridae; genus
Flavivirus
) is currently the most widely distributed arbovirus in the world. It is maintained in nature in an enzootic cycle between ornithophilic mosquitoes and avian hosts. At least five lineages of WNV have been reported based on nucleotide sequence homology, but lineages 1 and 2 predominate. Lineage 1 WNV was introduced into the eastern USA in 1999, and within 5 years it was established in North America and Canada, the Caribbean, Mexico and Central America, and South America. The hallmark of WNV activity in North America has been the significant morbidity and mortality in a wide range of avian species. Other vertebrates, including humans, have been infected with WNV, but their role in the transmission cycle is less significant because of their generally low levels of viraemia. Symptoms of WNV disease range from non-specific flu-like symptoms to muscle weakness and neuroinvasive disease [West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND)]. Approximately 75% of humans infected with WNV develop no or very mild symptoms, 25% develop West Nile fever and one in 150-250 develops WNND. The elderly and immunocompromized individuals are at the greatest risk of developing WNND. Long-term neurologic sequelae have been noted. Effective arbovirus surveillance is essential to predicting human incidence of WNV infection and to planning prevention and control strategies, such as mosquito abatement and dissemination of public warnings. Human vaccines for prevention of WNV are in various stages of development, but currently none are available for human use, even though equine vaccines have been available since 2003.
Estimating Expected and Unexpected Losses for Agricultural Mortgage Portfolios
Authors: Dressler Jonathan B. , Tauer Loren W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe financial crisis that began in 2008 placed renewed emphasis and responsibility on financial institutions to assess financial risks and provide evidence of adequate capital to accommodate those risks. Financial regulators in the United States are now requiring financial institutions with mortgage portfolios to show they have set aside sufficient capital reserves to meet expected and unexpected losses caused by credit defaults. Various methods exist to estimate the loss risk of agricultural loan portfolios, and those methods were used to estimate the economic capital necessary to cover loan losses for a financial institution. Combining estimates of probability of delinquency, probability of loss, loss given default, and exposure at default from various models, one‐year‐ahead expected loss estimates were derived. Value‐at‐Risk and expected shortfall estimates were obtained from loss distributions to arrive at unexpected loss estimates. Previous empirical studies reported in the literature often only measured the probability of default, but the other components are essential to determine the necessary economic capital to meet expected and unexpected loan losses. Results show that measures of liquidity, solvency, profitability, and controls for unobserved heterogeneity are important when modeling delinquency, while measures of leverage, state‐level economic output, and controls for unobserved heterogeneity are important when modeling loss given default. Predicted portfolio expected losses were greatest for the regression model combination that included the loss given default linear regression static variable models, and least for the regression model combination using static and time‐varying variables. These results should prove useful in determining and assessing capital reserve requirements for financial institutions with mortgage portfolios.
The Gravity of Water: Water Trade Frictions in California
Authors: Regnacq Charles , Dinar Ariel , Hanak Ellen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is relatively well accepted that costs associated with transfers weigh upon water markets and deter some exchanges. But few studies explicitly address such costs and their impacts on trading behavior. In this article we fill this gap, using a tool from the international trade literature called the gravity equation. We first develop a theoretical model to assess the micro‐foundation of this approach in a water market context. The model distinguishes between variable and fixed costs of trade, which allows us to disentangle the decision to enter into the water market (extensive margin) and the decision on the quantity of water to be transferred (intensive margin). We then test the theoretical predictions using water transfer data among California water districts over a 17‐year period. We approximate transfer costs by distance and institutional factors. Results validate the theoretical predictions and show the importance of distance and institutional impediments in the decision to trade.
Pharmacology of W-18 and W-15
Authors: Huang Xi-Ping , Che Tao , Mangano Thomas J , Le Rouzic Valerie , Pan Ying-Xian , Majumdar Susruta , Cameron Michael , Bauman Michael , Pasternak Gavril W. , Roth Bryan L 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTW-18 (1-(4-Nitrophenylethyl)piperidylidene-2-(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonamide)and W-15 (4-chloro-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-2-piperidinylidene]-benzenesulfonamide) represent two emerging drugs of abuse chemically related to the potent opioid agonist fentanyl (N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylpropanamide). Here we describe the comprehensive pharmacological profiles of W-18 and W-15. Although W-18 and W-15 have been described as having potent anti-nociceptive activity and are presumed to interact with opioid receptors, we found them to be without detectible opioid activity at μ, δ, κ and nociception opioid receptors in a variety of assays. We also tested W-18 and W-15 for activity as allosteric modulators at opioid receptors and found them devoid of significant positive or negative allosteric modulatory activity. Comprehensive profiling at essentially all the druggable G-protein coupled receptors in the human genome using the PRESTO-Tango platform revealed no significant activity. In silico predictions using the Similarity Ensemble Approach suggested activity for W-18 only weakly at H3-histamine receptors, which was not confirmed in radioligand binding studies. Weak activity at the sigma receptors and the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor were found for W-18 (Ki=271 nM); W-15 displayed weak antagonist activity at 5-HT2-family serotonin receptors. W-18 is extensively metabolized, but its metabolites also lack opioid activity. W-18 and W-15 did inhibit hERG binding suggesting possible cardiovascular side-effects with high doses. Thus although W-18 and W-15 have been suggested to be potent opioid agonists, our results reveal no significant activity at these or other known targets for psychoactive drugs.