bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early adversity and learning: implications for typical and atypical behavioral development
Authors: Hanson Jamie L. , van den Bos Wouter , Roeber Barbara J. , Rudolph Karen D. , Davidson Richard J. , Pollak Seth D. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundChildren who experience early adversity often develop emotion regulatory problems, but little is known about the mechanisms that mediate this relation. We tested whether general associative learning processes contribute to associations between adversity, in the form of child maltreatment, and negative behavioral outcomes.MethodsEighty‐one participants between 12 and 17 years of age were recruited for this study and completed a probabilistic learning Task. Forty‐one of these participants had been exposed to physical abuse, a form of early adversity. Forty additional participants without any known history of maltreatment served as a comparison group. All participants (and their parents) also completed portions of the Youth Life Stress Interview to understand adolescent's behavior. We calculated measures of associative learning, and also constructed mathematical models of learning.ResultsWe found that adolescents exposed to high levels of adversity early in their lives had lower levels of associative learning than comparison adolescents. In addition, we found that impaired associative learning partially explained the higher levels of behavioral problems among youth who suffered early adversity. Using mathematical models, we also found that two components of learning were specifically affected in children exposed to adversity: choice variability and biases in their beliefs about the likelihood of rewards in the environment.ConclusionsParticipants who had been exposed to early adversity were less able than their peers to correctly learn which stimuli were likely to result in reward, even after repeated feedback. These individuals also used information about known rewards in their environments less often. In addition, individuals exposed to adversity made decisions early in the learning process as if rewards were less consistent and occurred more at random. These data suggest one mechanism through which early life experience shapes behavioral development.
Evaluation of effects of urinary incontinence subtypes on women's sexual function using the Golombok–Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction
Authors: Doğan Keziban , Vural Meltem , Akyüz Fatma 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of urinary incontinence (UI) and subtypes, including urinary stress incontinence (USI), urinary urge incontinence (UUI), and urinary mixed incontinence (UMI), on sexual function and quality of life (QoL) of women.MethodsSexually active premenopausal consecutive women (n = 153) with UI were enrolled in this study. Sexual function was assessed with the Golombok–Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), and QoL was assessed with the Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form.ResultsThe patient population (n = 153) was composed of women with USI (n = 20), UUI (n = 21), UMI (n = 40), and a control group (n = 72) assessed for only routine gynecological evaluation. Infrequency, dissatisfaction, avoidance, and anorgasmia were significantly higher in the UI group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). When we compared the USI, UUI, and UMI groups in terms of the subscales of the GRISS, dissatisfaction was significantly higher in the UMI group (P = 0.001). Scores for the Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form were significantly higher in the UMI group compared with the UUI group (P < 0.05).ConclusionUI has an adverse affect on sexual function and QoL of women. UMI has the greatest impact on sexual function in terms of dissatisfaction compared with USI and UUI. We suggest routine assessment of sexually active women with UI using specific questionnaires to diagnose and treat sexual dysfunction.
Retrospective review of consecutive cases of paediatric complex pain in a New South Wales tertiary children's hospital
Authors: Kepreotes Elizabeth A , Lord Susan M 
Published: February 2017

AimPrior to July 2013, a solo medical specialist provided a pain management service 1.5–2 days/week to children and young people aged 0–19 years, and their families at John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, NSW. A new multidisciplinary children's complex pain team now continues that service. This study aimed to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of children, young people and their families referred to a paediatric pain specialist in the 5.5 years prior to the establishment of a multidisciplinary service and to quantify anecdotal observations, determine service priorities and identify clinical improvement opportunities.MethodsA retrospective review of the medical records of all new patients seen between January 2008 and June 2013 was conducted. Data sets for patient demographics, clinical characteristics, service outputs and disposition at discharge were determined prior to data extraction.ResultsA total of 114 children and young people aged between 7 days and 18 years (mean ± SD = 12.54 ± 3.6 years) were consecutively referred to the service. Many demographics are consistent with those previously reported; however, the number of children who identified as being of Aboriginal origin (11%), with rare diseases (28%), new diagnoses made (47%), child protection reports submitted (14%) and psychological morbidity in children (58%) and caregivers (38%) are new findings in the context of pain management and serve as indicators of the complex service needs of these patients and their families.ConclusionThe complexities encountered in this small cohort provide an indication of the time investment needed to understand and manage complex paediatric pain, especially in the contexts of complex families, time‐poor general practitioners and under‐resourced communities.
Anti-apoptotic effects of Curcuma longa L. extract and its curcuminoids against blue light-induced cytotoxicity in A2E-laden human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Park Sang-il , Lee Eun Hye , Kim So Ra , Jang Young Pyo 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of the study was to investigate the protective effect of the Curcuma longa L. extract (CLE) and its curcuminoids against blue light-induced cytotoxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells laded with A2E. A2E has been concerned in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods
To perform this study, A2E-accumulated ARPE-19 cells were exposed to blue light to induce cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity and apoptotic gene expression levels were evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and real-time PCR analysis, respectively.

Key findings
Curcuma longa L. extract was found to exert a protective effect in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 15 μm, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin exerted significant protective effects against blue light-induced cytotoxicity. Treatment with CLE and curcuminoids meaningfully reduced the mRNA levels of c-Abl and p53, which was known to be augmented in apoptotic RPE cells. Demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin were found to inhibit p38 expression, which is increased in blue light-irradiated A2E-accumulated RPE cells.

Conclusions
Curcuma longa L. extract and its curcuminoids provided significant protection against photooxidative damage and apoptosis in the RPE cells. Our results suggest that curcuminoids may show potential in the treatment of AMD.
Efficacy of Low‐dose (2 millicurie) versus Standard‐dose (4 millicurie) Radioiodine Treatment for Cats with Mild‐to‐Moderate Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Lucy J.M. , Peterson M.E. , Randolph J.F. , Scrivani P.V. , Rishniw M. , Davignon D.L. , Thompson M.S. , Scarlett J.M. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundRadioiodine (131I) is effective treatment for hyperthyroidism in cats, but optimal dose to restore euthyroidism without inducing hypothyroidism is unclear. Treatment‐induced hypothyroidism can lead to azotemia and reduced duration of survival.ObjectiveTo compare efficacy and short‐term outcomes of low‐dose131I versus higher, standard‐dose131I as treatment for hyperthyroidism.AnimalsA total of 189 client‐owned cats undergoing131I treatment for mild‐to‐moderate hyperthyroidism (serum T4≥ 4.0 μg/dLand <13.0 μg/dL).MethodsProspective, nonrandomized, cohort study comparing treatment with either low‐dose (2mCi, n = 150) or standard‐dose (4mCi, n = 39)131I. Serum T4, thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), and creatinine concentrations were measured after 1, 3, and 6 months to determine persistent hyperthyroidism, overt hypothyroidism (low T4, highTSH), subclinical hypothyroidism (normal T4, highTSH), and azotemia.ResultsThere was no significant difference in prevalence of cats with persistent hyperthyroidism between standard‐ and low‐dose treatment groups at 3 (0% versus 5.3%;P= .34) and 6 (0% versus 3.3%;P= .51) months. Overt (18% versus 1%;P= .0005) or subclinical (46% versus 21%;P= .004) hypothyroidism was more common in cats at 6 months after standard‐dose131I. No difference in incidence of azotemia existed between groups, but cats treated with standard‐dose131I had higher creatinine concentrations (P< .05) and higher percent rises in creatinine (P< .0001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLow‐dose131I is safe and effective for cats with mild‐to‐moderate hyperthyroidism, as evidenced by a cure rate of >95% with reduced frequency of iatrogenic hypothyroidism and azotemia.
Angiotensin II type II receptors and colonic dysmotility in 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzenesulfonic acid‐induced colitis in rats
Authors: Zizzo M. G. , Auteri M. , Amato A. , Caldara G. , Nuzzo D. , Di Carlo M. , Serio R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAngiotensin II (Ang II), the main peptide of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS), has been suggested to be involved in inflammatory bowel diseases. Since RAS has emerged as gut motility regulator, and dysmotility is associated with intestinal inflammation, our objective was to investigate in rat 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)‐induced colitis the functionality of RAS and its contribution to colonic motor alterations.MethodsThe effects of Ang II on the longitudinal colonic muscular contractility of control and DNBS‐treated rats were characterized in vitro. Transcripts encoding for Ang II receptors were investigated by RT‐PCR.Key ResultsInflamed preparations showed a longitudinal muscle marked hypocontractility. Angiotensin II caused contractile effects in both preparations, but the responses in DNBS preparations were reduced compared to controls. In both preparations, Losartan, AT1 receptor antagonist, reduced Ang II effects. PD123319, AT2 receptor antagonist, enhanced Ang II responses only in DNBS rats, as well as Nω‐Nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NNA), nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, or tetrodotoxin (TTX), neural toxin. The co‐administration of PD123319 and TTX or L‐NNA produced no additive effects. PD123319 per se improved colonic contractility in inflamed tissues. The effect was reduced in the presence of L‐NNA or TTX. All Ang II receptor subtypes were expressed in both preparations.Conclusions & InferencesAT1 receptors mediate Ang II contractile responses in rat colon. During inflammation a recruitment of Ang II AT2 receptors would counteract AT1‐contractile activity. A tonic activation of AT2 receptors would contribute to the general reduction in muscle contractility during experimental inflammation. A role for enteric neurons and NO is also suggested.
Sinus Node Dysfunction and Atrial Fibrillation: A Reversible Phenomenon?
Authors: JACKSON LARRY R. , RATHAKRISHNAN BHARATH , CAMPBELL KRISTEN , THOMAS KEVIN L. , PICCINI JONATHAN P. , BAHNSON TRISTRAM , STIBER JONATHAN A. , DAUBERT JAMES P. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundSymptomatic sinus node dysfunction (SND) consists of a variety of manifestations, including tachycardia‐bradycardia syndrome. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly associated with SND, which complicates the management of both conditions. This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical trial data investigating therapeutic approaches for treatment of patients with both SND and AF.MethodsThe authors reviewed articles published in English describing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches for patients with SND and AF. The search was conducted using PubMed. Keywords included: sick sinus syndrome, sinus node dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, pacing, and pulmonary vein isolation.ResultsSND affects up to one in five patients with AF. AF can lead to anatomical and electrophysiological remodeling in both atria, including the region of sinoatrial node. Changes including atrial fibrosis, altered calcium channel metabolism, and transformed gene expression have been demonstrated in patients with AF and SND. Nonrandomized clinical trial data have failed to demonstrate whether any pacing strategy can reduce the risk of AF. Pulmonary vein isolation appears to decrease episodes of tachybrady syndrome and sinus pauses.ConclusionsSND affects up to one in five patients with AF. The pathophysiological derangements in gene expression, ion channel metabolism, and alterations in myocardial architecture associated with AF may lead to anatomic and electrical changes in the region of the sinoatrial node. Ablation may improve symptoms associated with SND in patients with AF. Future randomized trials are needed to clarify the epidemiology and optimal management of patients with SND and AF.
Spearmint R2R3‐MYB transcription factor MsMYB negatively regulates monoterpene production and suppresses the expression of geranyl diphosphate synthase large subunit (MsGPPS.LSU)
Authors: Reddy Vaishnavi Amarr , Wang Qian , Dhar Niha , Kumar Nadimuthu , Venkatesh Prasanna Nori , Rajan Chakravarthy , Panicker Deepa , Sridhar Vishweshwaran , Mao Hui‐Zhu , Sarojam Rajani 
Published: February 2017

SummaryMany aromatic plants, such as spearmint, produce valuable essential oils in specialized structures called peltate glandular trichomes (PGTs). Understanding the regulatory mechanisms behind the production of these important secondary metabolites will help design new approaches to engineer them. Here, we identified a PGT‐specific R2R3‐MYB gene, MsMYB, from comparative RNA‐Seq data of spearmint and functionally characterized it. Analysis of MsMYB‐RNAi transgenic lines showed increased levels of monoterpenes, and MsMYB‐overexpressing lines exhibited decreased levels of monoterpenes. These results suggest that MsMYB is a novel negative regulator of monoterpene biosynthesis. Ectopic expression of MsMYB, in sweet basil and tobacco, perturbed sesquiterpene‐ and diterpene‐derived metabolite production. In addition, we found that MsMYB binds to cis‐elements of MsGPPS.LSU and suppresses its expression. Phylogenetic analysis placed MsMYB in subgroup 7 of R2R3‐MYBs whose members govern phenylpropanoid pathway and are regulated by miR858. Analysis of transgenic lines showed that MsMYB is more specific to terpene biosynthesis as it did not affect metabolites derived from phenylpropanoid pathway. Further, our results indicate that MsMYB is probably not regulated by miR858, like other members of subgroup 7.
HOP3, a member of the HOP family in Arabidopsis, interacts with BiP and plays a major role in the ER stress response
Authors: Fernández‐Bautista Nuria , Fernández‐Calvino Lourdes , Muñoz Alfonso , Castellano M. Mar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHSP70‐HSP90 organizing protein (HOP) is a well‐studied family of cytosolic cochaperones. However, the possible role of HOP during the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and the identity of its interactors within the ER were not previously addressed in any eukaryote. We have demonstrated that Arabidopsis HOP3, whose function was not studied before, interacts in vivo with cytosolic HSP90 and HSP70, and, unexpectedly, with binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), a HSP70 ER‐resident protein. Although BiP lacks the domain described in other eukaryotes for HOP‐HSP70 binding, it interacts with HOP3 through a non‐canonical association to its nucleotide binding domain. Consistent with this interaction with BiP, HOP3 is partially localized at the ER. Moreover, HOP3 is induced both at transcript and protein levels by unfolded protein response (UPR) inducer agents by a mechanism dependent on inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). Importantly, hop3 loss‐of‐function mutants show a reduction in pollen germination and a hypersensitive phenotype in the presence of ER stress inducer agents, a phenotype that is reverted by the addition of the chemical chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). All these data demonstrate, for the first time in any eukaryote, a main role of HOP as an important regulator of the ER stress response, a process intimately linked in plants to important specific developmental programs and to environmental stress sensing and response.
The quality of information received by parents of children with chronic ill health attending hospitals as indicated by measures of illness uncertainty
Authors: Al‐Yateem Nabeel , Docherty Charles , Altawil Hanan , Al‐Tamimi Muna , Ahmad Alaa 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe effectiveness of communication can be defined in terms of one of its outcomes: the uncertainty that it eliminates. Clear unambiguous communication is important for the parents of children to help them understand problems, explore alternative solutions and help make decisions. Persistent uncertainty is known to produce anxiety, unpredictable responses, emotional distress and poor quality of life. The uncertainty experienced by parents is one indicator of quality in the healthcare system which could have diagnostic and predictive value.AimTo assess the uncertainty experienced by parents of children with chronic conditions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).DesignAn exploratory descriptive, cross‐sectional design was chosen across different sites in the UAE.MethodsData were collected from parents accompanying children receiving treatment either as an inpatient or outpatient, using the previously validated, culturally adapted ‘Parent Perception of Uncertainty Scale’ (PPUS).ResultsMost study participants experienced moderate or high levels of uncertainty. Parents who did not speak the local language, whose child was less than 1 year old or who was acutely ill had significantly more uncertainty than others, as did those parents whose child was approaching adolescence and puberty.ConclusionsAs only 5% of all participants reported low levels of uncertainty this should be of major concern as both an indicator of the quality of communication between health professionals and parents, and of the adverse health effects and poor quality of life experienced by parents of patients with chronic illness.
Diathesis stress or differential susceptibility? testing longitudinal associations between parenting, temperament, and children's problem behavior
Authors: Stoltz Sabine , Beijers Roseriet , Smeekens Sanny , Deković Maja 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this study we investigated longitudinal associations among parenting, children's temperamental negative affectivity, and internalizing and externalizing behavior. Second, we tested whether findings confirmed the diathesis‐stress model or differential susceptibility theory when conducting stringent interaction tests. The sample included 129 children and their families. Parenting quality (age 5) was measured by parent–child interaction observations. Parents evaluated child negative affectivity (age 7) and teachers reported on problem behavior (age 12). Multiple regression analyses revealed an interaction effect of negative affectivity and parenting on externalizing behavior. Visual inspection suggested ‘for better and for worse’ effects of parenting for children with negative affectivity. However, more stringent tests failed to show convincing evidence for differential susceptibility theory. For internalizing behavior, negative affectivity may render children vulnerable regardless of parenting. Our results point at the importance of further testing interaction effects to distinguish between differential susceptibility theory and the diathesis‐stress model.
The Politics of ‘Minimum Wage’ Welfare States: The Changing Significance of the Minimum Wage in the Liberal Welfare Regime
Authors: Wilson Shaun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is an indisputable reality that the English‐speaking welfare states have retreated from their distinct postwar welfare state compromises in ways that prompt many to wonder what is still liberal about the liberal welfare states. Considering developments in minimum wage institutions and politics in five liberal welfare states, this article argues that the apparent renewed politicization of the minimum wage – driven by legislative action and activist campaigns from below – is an inevitable consequence of the twin policies of labour market deregulation and workfare‐centred social policies. A larger electorate of low‐paid workers, including those in full‐time work, combined with rising concerns from the public about the extent and injustice of poverty wages are important factors drawing renewed attention to the politics and policy of minimum wages. However, I also show that policymakers have additional incentives to embrace higher minimum wages: the economic orthodoxy in favour of low minimum wages has steadily lost credibility, and legislating for wage increases enables a predistributive strategy with the potential to shift the burden of addressing inequalities from fiscally‐strained governments to employers. Drawing on policy and political developments from across Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA, I make the claim that the politicization of minimum wages offers genuine insight into the future battles over what is ‘liberal’ about the liberal welfare states.
Lone Parent Activation in Ireland: Putting the Cart before the Horses?
Authors: Millar Michelle , Crosse Rosemary 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLone parents and their children are the biggest group at risk of living in poverty in Ireland, and activation is regarded as the solution to this problem by policymakers. While workfare requirements are now placed on lone parents whose youngest child is aged 14 or over, we question the capacity of the current activation policy to deliver an adequate income for these families. Drawing on evidence from other countries and the current Irish context, we argue that the absence of tailored support for lone parents, low levels of educational attainment, difficulties with childcare, the efficacy of financial supports to provide income adequacy and the failure to take into consideration their parenting responsibility mean that the implementation of the policy is fraught with difficulty.
RAD54 forms DNA repair foci in response to DNA damage in living plant cells
Authors: Hirakawa Takeshi , Hasegawa Junko , White Charles I. , Matsunaga Sachihiro 
Published: February 2017

SummaryPlants have various defense mechanisms against environmental stresses that induce DNA damage. Genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed the sensing and signaling of DNA damage, but little is known about subnuclear dynamics in response to DNA damage in living plant cells. Here, we observed that the chromatin remodeling factor RAD54, which is involved in DNA repair via the homologous recombination pathway, formed subnuclear foci (termed RAD54 foci) in Arabidopsis thaliana after induction of DNA double‐strand breaks. The appearance of RAD54 foci was dependent on the ATAXIA‐TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED–SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 pathway, and RAD54 foci were co‐localized with γH2AX signals. Laser irradiation of a subnuclear area demonstrated that in living cells RAD54 was specifically accumulated at the damaged site. In addition, the formation of RAD54 foci showed specificity for cell type and region. We conclude that RAD54 foci correspond to DNA repair foci in A. thaliana.