bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Gas Diluents on the Temperature of a Laminar Coflowing Jet Diffusion Flame in a Honeycomb Gaseous Burner
Authors: Attia Amr , Emara Ahmed 
Published: March 2016

A series of experiments were performed on a flat honeycomb burner with air coflow to ensure laminar flow in order to study the effect of Acetylene/Argon mixture to the natural gas (NG) on the temperature distribution and flame structure. The burner assembly could be traversed in the horizontal and vertical direction controlled by using a field point system to scan the flame radially and axially. The flow rate of fuel, diluents and air was measured using differential pressure flow meters. The whole supply lines were calibrated. Methane gas, air and Acetylene/Argon mixture were injected through mixing pipes controlled with solenoid valves handled with a LabVIEW program. The combustion flame was in room atmospheric conditions with room disturbances controlled to treat such flames as free jet diffusion flames. The laminar flame axial and radial temperature profile was measured using a shielded-aspirated platinum/ Platinum-13% Rhodium thermocouple (type R). Flame images were taken using Canon EOS camera with CMOS sensor, up to 3.7 fps. The fuel used was NG with flow rate from 180 up to 520 ml/min. Ar flow rate up to 350 ml/min and C2H2 up to 100 ml/min with a constant coflow air of 3 l/min. The choice of the different Investigated cases was based on flame stability. The results obtained indicate the following:
– In case of using air, NG and Ar, the fuel rich zone tends to vanish and in case of injecting Ar and acetylene mixture in addition of NG and air the front zone tends to vanish and the flame became mainly diffusion.
– Maximum temperature was at the flame tip in all cases. Increasing Ar percentage up to 50% decreases tip temperature to nearly 870°C compared to the typical case (about 1000 °C); increasing acetylene content over 15% resulted in dense soot formation.
Simulation of Wind Turbine Flow Using the Actuator Line Method in NEK5000
Authors: O’Dea Murphy Leo , Guessous Laila 
Published: March 2016

Wind turbine wake models are used to estimate the velocity profile and magnitude downstream of wind towers in large wind farms. Current models are based on simple geometric and empirical factors, which typically overestimate individual turbine output. Recent research has focused on using improved models of turbine rotors, combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) programs to simulate turbine wake flow.
In this paper, we report on our efforts to simulate flow past wind turbines using a new adaptation of the actuator line method for turbine blade modeling. This method creates a geometric representation of each rotating turbine blade. Grid points in the CFD flow field are selected within the outline of the blades and near downstream planes, and the aerodynamic forces are calculated using traditional blade element equations. Blade forces are then input as body forces into the Navier Stokes equations in the host CFD program. This model is combined with the advanced parallel CFD code, NEK5000, which has been proven to provide high-resolution results with significantly reduced compute resources. Program subroutines are developed to generate the actuator line and blade geometry, and to calculate the blade lift and drag forces. Details of the actuator line setup and calculations, CFD flow simulation setup, and results from current development runs simulating a single turbine will be presented. Current results are consistent with published research. Lessons learned, and a roadmap to ongoing development are also discussed.
Experimental Study of the Spanwise Wake Compression of a Trapezoidal Pitching Panel
Authors: King Justin T. , Green Melissa A. 
Published: March 2016

Aquatic animals can maneuver and propel themselves through a variety of means. Among these means, are the oscillation and undulation of the flukes and fins of different cetaceans and fishes. The motions of these species can be employed to develop thrust-producing, highly three-dimensional wakes. Recently, a great deal of interest in incorporating certain biological propulsion schemes into engineering designs has been generated. Experiments have shown that bio-inspired propulsors can develop large efficiencies, with some efficiencies being greater than those of a screw-propeller propulsion system.
In the current work, stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to characterize the wake produced by a rigid, trapezoidal pitching panel. Prior work has shown that one of the dominant parameters governing wake structure is the Strouhal number. Detailed analysis in terms of Strouhal number is the focus of the current work, and the Strouhal number range tested was from 0.17 to 0.56.
Ultrasound viscoelasticity assessment using an adaptive torsional shear wave propagation method
Authors: Ouared Abderrahmane , Kazemirad Siavash , Montagnon Emmanuel , Cloutier Guy 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:Different approaches have been used in dynamic elastography to assess mechanical properties of biological tissues. Most techniques are based on a simple inversion based on the measurement of the shear wave speed to assess elasticity, whereas some recent strategies use more elaborated analytical or finite element method (FEM) models. In this study, a new method is proposed for the quantification of both shear storage and loss moduli of confined lesions, in the context of breast imaging, using adaptive torsional shear waves (ATSWs) generated remotely with radiation pressure.Methods:A FEM model was developed to solve the inverse wave propagation problem and obtain viscoelastic properties of interrogated media. The inverse problem was formulated and solved in the frequency domain and its robustness to noise and geometric constraints was evaluated. The proposed model was validated in vitro with two independent rheology methods on several homogeneous and heterogeneous breast tissue‐mimicking phantoms over a broad range of frequencies (up to 400 Hz).Results:Viscoelastic properties matched benchmark rheology methods with discrepancies of 8%–38% for the shear modulus G′ and 9%–67% for the loss modulus G″. The robustness study indicated good estimations of storage and loss moduli (maximum mean errors of 19% on G′ and 32% on G″) for signal‐to‐noise ratios between 19.5 and 8.5 dB. Larger errors were noticed in the case of biases in lesion dimension and position.Conclusions:The ATSW method revealed that it is possible to estimate the viscoelasticity of biological tissues with torsional shear waves when small biases in lesion geometry exist.
B Cells Promote Pancreatic Tumorigenesis
Authors: Roghanian Ali , Fraser Christopher , Kleyman Marianna , Chen Jianzhu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Summary: Three recent studies, approaching the question from different angles and using different and/or overlapping models, provide compelling evidence for the involvement of tumor-infiltrating B cells in the initiation and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. These studies highlight the need for a better understanding of pancreatic tumor–immune system interactions and the immunologic mechanisms that promote or inhibit tumorigenesis, paving the way for better treatment strategies. Cancer Discov; 6(3); 230–2. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Pylayeva-Gupta et al., p. 247.
See related article by Lee et al., p. 256.
See related article by Gunderson et al., p. 270.
OS CONFLITOS DO CONSENTIMENTO ACERCA DA DOAÇÃO DE ÓRGÃOS POST MORTEM NO BRASIL
Authors: Maynard Lorena Oliveira Dantas , Lima Isabel Maria Sampaio Oliveira , Lima Yara Oyram Ramos , Costa Ediná Alves 
Published: March 2016

Com o refinamento das técnicas de cirurgias e imunogenética pela medicina nas últimas décadas e com os avanços na farmacoterapia, o transplante de órgãos e tecidos tornou-se uma possibilidade real e uma alternativa essencial ao prolongamento e à qualidade da vida humana. Este estudo objetivou analisar o consentimento para remoção de órgãos e tecidos post mortem na legislação brasileira, na perspectiva da autorização da família. Adotou-se, para tanto, estratégia metodológica qualitativa através de revisão de literatura e revisão legislativa, que permitem um aprofundamento no universo dos significados, dos motivos, das aspirações, das crenças, dos valores e das atitudes em relação ao tema. Os resultados apontam que, na atual Lei de Transplantes, os direitos da personalidade e o princípio da autonomia da vontade são institutos pouco homenageados em função da predominância do monopólio da decisão familiar na hipótese de um confronto entre a vontade do doador e a vontade da família. Frente ao problema da escassez de órgãos no país, a solução mais consentânea com a justiça seria uma adequação entre os dispositivos de lei do Código Civil e a Lei de Transplantes. Oportuno partir do texto já existente do artigo 4º da Lei n. 9.434/1997, para incluir a manifestação da vontade do doador em vida, devidamente documentada. É igualmente importante a informação e a conscientização popular sobre a natureza humanitária da doação de órgãos como medidas direcionadas à discussão do princípio da solidariedade para uma política de doação de órgãos.
RESPONSABILIDADE SOLIDÁRIA DOS ENTES DA FEDERAÇÃO E "EFEITOS COLATERAIS" NO DIREITO À SAÚDE
Authors: Asensi Felipe 
Published: March 2016

A efetivação judicial do direito à saúde no Brasil suscita avanços e desafios para as políticas públicas. Este artigo analisa dois julgados emanados de acórdãos proferidos no âmbito do Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região em 2014, que versam sobre a competência comum e solidária dos entes da Federação para o fornecimento de medicamentos. Em ambos os julgados, foi reconhecida a pertinência do pedido autoral e reforçada a tese de que os entes da Federação possuem competência comum e solidária em matéria de saúde. Observa-se, nos julgados em questão, um exemplo comum de aproximação entre o direito e a saúde, de um lado, e de produção de tensões e contradições, de outro. À primeira vista, o reconhecimento da responsabilidade solidária dos entes da Federação pode parecer fortemente positivo sob o prisma do usuário, que terá mais atores possíveis no polo passivo da ação. Porém, sob o prisma da gestão, pode trazer desafios de sobreoneração de um dos entes da Federação em detrimento dos demais. Nesse sentido, a partir dos julgados serão apresentadas as principais regras de competência presentes no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde. Em seguida, serão apresentados os principais avanços, limites e desafios no reconhecimento da responsabilidade solidária dos entes da Federação, além de serem expostos alguns “efeitos colaterais” que certas decisões judiciais podem provocar.
Comparison of Anatomic Double- and Single-Bundle Techniques for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Tendon Autografts
Authors: Karikis Ioannis , Desai Neel , Sernert Ninni , Rostgard-Christensen Lars , Kartus Jüri 
Published: March 2016

Background: The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the outcomes of the anatomic double-bundle (DB) and anatomic single-bundle (SB) techniques 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Since more effective restoration of rotational laxity is considered the main advantage of the DB technique, the pivot-shift test was the primary outcome variable of the study. Hypothesis: Double-bundle ACL reconstruction will result in a better outcome in terms of the pivot-shift test. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 105 patients (33 women, 72 men; median age, 27 years; range, 18-52 years) were randomized and underwent ACL reconstruction (DB group, n = 53; SB group, n = 52). All reconstructions were performed anatomically by identifying the ACL footprints, using the anteromedial portal for the femoral tunnel drilling, and utilizing interference screw for tibial and femoral fixation. A single blinded observer examined the patients preoperatively and at follow-up (median, 64 months; range, 55-75 months). Multiple subjective and objective clinical evaluation tests and radiographic assessments of osteoarthritis (OA) were performed using the Ahlbäck, Kellgren-Lawrence, and Fairbank grading systems at 6 weeks postoperatively and at the final follow-up evaluation. Results: Preoperatively, no differences were found between the study groups, apart from the preinjury Tegner activity level, which was lower in the DB group (SB: mean, 7.8 [range, 3-9]; DB: mean, 7.3 [range, 0-9]; P = .02). Eighty-seven patients (83%) were available for examination at the 5-year follow-up. Statistical differences could not be found between the groups in terms of the pivot-shift test, KT-1000 arthrometer laxity measurements, manual Lachman test, single-legged-hop test, square-hop test, range of motion, Lysholm knee scoring scale, Tegner activity scale, or Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Correspondingly, no differences were found between the groups regarding the presence of OA at follow-up. However, a significant increase of OA was found within the DB group at the 5-year follow-up. Both groups improved at follow-up compared with the preoperative assessment in terms of the laxity tests, hop tests, and scoring scales. Conclusion: At the 5-year follow-up of an unselected group of patients, anatomic DB reconstruction was not superior to anatomic SB reconstruction in terms of the pivot-shift test.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals the conserved building blocks involved in parallel evolution of diverse phenotypic traits in ants
Authors: Morandin Claire , Tin Mandy M. Y. , Abril Sílvia , Gómez Crisanto , Pontieri Luigi , Schiøtt Morten , Sundström Liselotte , Tsuji Kazuki , Pedersen Jes Søe , Helanterä Heikki , Mikheyev Alexander S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background
Reproductive division of labor in eusocial insects is a striking example of a shared genetic background giving rise to alternative phenotypes, namely queen and worker castes. Queen and worker phenotypes play major roles in the evolution of eusocial insects. Their behavior, morphology and physiology underpin many ecologically relevant colony-level traits, which evolved in parallel in multiple species.

Results
Using queen and worker transcriptomic data from 16 ant species we tested the hypothesis that conserved sets of genes are involved in ant reproductive division of labor. We further hypothesized that such sets of genes should also be involved in the parallel evolution of other key traits. We applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis, which clusters co-expressed genes into modules, whose expression levels can be summarized by their ‘eigengenes’. Eigengenes of most modules were correlated with phenotypic differentiation between queens and workers. Furthermore, eigengenes of some modules were correlated with repeated evolution of key phenotypes such as complete worker sterility, the number of queens per colony, and even invasiveness. Finally, connectivity and expression levels of genes within the co-expressed network were strongly associated with the strength of selection. Although caste-associated sets of genes evolve faster than non-caste-associated, we found no evidence for queen- or worker-associated co-expressed genes evolving faster than one another.

Conclusions
These results identify conserved functionally important genomic units that likely serve as building blocks of phenotypic innovation, and allow the remarkable breadth of parallel evolution seen in ants, and possibly other eusocial insects as well.
Shortened leukocyte telomere length in type 2 diabetes mellitus: genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and telomeric pathways
Authors: Zhou Yuling , Ning Zhixin , Lee Yvonne , Hambly Brett D. , McLachlan Craig S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCurrent debate in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has focused on shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as the result of a number of possible causes, including polymorphisms in mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) leading to oxidative stress, telomere regulatory pathway gene polymorphisms, or as a direct result of associated cardiovascular complications inducing tissue organ inflammation and oxidative stress. There is evidence that a heritable shorter telomere trait is a risk factor for development of T2DM. This review discusses the contribution and balance of genetic regulation of UCPs and telomere pathways in the context of T2DM. We discuss genotypes that are well known to influence the shortening of LTL, in particular OBFC1 and telomerase genotypes such as TERC. Interestingly, the interaction between short telomeres and T2DM risk appears to involve mitochondrial dysfunction as an intermediate process. A hypothesis is presented that genetic heterogeneity within UCPs may directly affect oxidative stress that feeds back to influence the fine balance of telomere regulation, cell cycle regulation and diabetes risk and/or metabolic disease progression.
Light therapy for non-seasonal depression: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Perera Stefan , Eisen Rebecca , Bhatt Meha , Bhatnagar Neera , de Souza Russell , Thabane Lehana , Samaan Zainab 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundLight therapy is a known treatment for patients with seasonal affective disorder. However, the efficacy of light therapy in treating patients with non-seasonal depression remains inconclusive.AimsTo provide the current state of evidence for efficacy of light therapy in non-seasonal depressive disorders.MethodSystematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and CENTRAL from their inception to September 2015. Study selection, data abstraction and risk of bias assessment were independently conducted in duplicate. Meta-analyses were performed to provide a summary statistic for the included RCTs. The reporting of this systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA meta-analysis including 881 participants from 20 RCTs demonstrated a beneficial effect of light therapy in non-seasonal depression (standardised mean difference in depression score −0.41 (95% CI −0.64 to −0.18)). This estimate was associated with significant heterogeneity (I2=60%,P=0.0003) that was not sufficiently explained by subgroup analyses. There was also high risk of bias in the included trials limiting the study interpretation.ConclusionsThe overall quality of evidence is poor due to high risk of bias and inconsistency. However, considering that light therapy has minimal side-effects and our meta-analysis demonstrated that a significant proportion of patients achieved a clinically significant response, light therapy may be effective for patients with non-seasonal depression and can be a helpful additional therapeutic intervention for depression.
A palliative care approach in heart failure: knowledge and attitudes of cardiac nurses
Authors: Barrett Michelle , Connaire Kevin 
Published: March 2016

Applying the principles and practice of a palliative care approach can enhance the quality of life of patients suffering with heart failure, yet many nurses misunderstand the role of palliative care. Aim: This study examined the knowledge and attitudes of cardiac nurses regarding a palliative care approach when caring for heart failure patients. Method: Two validated questionnaires were used to examine the knowledge and attitudes of 102 nurses in three Irish university hospitals. Results: Seventy-six nurses' responses (75%) reflected that there was limited overall knowledge, but positive attitudes towards palliative care. A positive correlation was identified between higher knowledge scores and positive attitudes, indicating that those with greater knowledge of palliative care demonstrated more favourable attitudes to caring for dying patients. Conclusion: Addressing the palliative care needs of heart failure patients requires education and training and this study identified specific educational needs in pain and symptom control and communication skills.
Well-being in wounds inventory (WOWI): development of a valid and reliable measure of well-being in patients with wounds
Authors: Upton D. , Upton P. , Alexander R. 
Published: March 2016

Objective: Physical and psychosocial deficits have been reported in people living with chronic wounds. While the negative impact of these factors on an individual's quality of life (QoL) is well documented, there has been little research into the well-being of those living with chronic wounds, despite recent calls for increased attention to this related, yet distinct construct. This paper introduces the Well-being in Wounds Inventory (WOWI) and provides support for the WOWI as a valid and reliable measure of well-being in patients living with chronic wounds. Method: A draft questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of individuals with chronic wounds (n=85) and the resulting data subject to factor analysis in order to refine the structure of the questionnaire. The reliability, validity and responsiveness of the resulting questionnaire were then tested by administration to a second sample of individuals with wounds (n=49). Socio-demographic data, issues affecting patient well-being and well-being factors, such as, emotions; perceived coping skills; social support; personal control; hope for the future, were measured. Results: Results confirmed the WOWI as a reliable and valid measure of well-being. Items loaded onto two subscales, ‘personal resources’ and ‘wound worries’. Analysis revealed the WOWI to be highly feasible measure of well-being, with good test-retest reliability and responsiveness to changes in health status. Conclusion: The current study highlights the importance of assessing well-being factors in individuals living with chronic wounds. It introduces the WOWI as a valid and reliable measure of well-being in chronic wound patients. The authors recommend health-care practitioners take account of well-being as part of a holistic treatment plan in order to maximise patient outcomes. Declaration of interest: This project was funded by Urgo Medical. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Energy Conservation Programmes in Russia
Authors: Gerasimenko Yuliia 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article is devoted to the problem of state management in the sphere of energy-conservation in the building sector. This problem is vital to ensure the energy and environmental security of each country. That is why the concept of the article seems to be very scientifically important. The article presents the results of scientific analysis of the creation incentives for the development of energy-efficient building. The existent management approaches and a role of program-target method of management in Russia have been analysed. Some new measures of energy-saving innovation implementation are presented. The disadvantages of current energy-saving programme have been revealed, and the concept of its improvement has been suggested.
Residential Building Management System Features and Underlying Factors
Authors: Puķīte Iveta , Geipele Ineta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
For the implementation of real estate management, in accordance with the legislative framework of good practice and quality management, a system is required that helps the processes to be arranged according to their fundamental values, criteria and functions. The study sets residential property management elements and factors influencing them. The significance of the topic is set by the developing industry and the requirement for quality and sustainable management model that includes all interested parties - owners, lessees, tenants, users on the one side, housing managers on the other and the state, local government and non-governmental organisations on the third side. The development of this sector as a whole depends on the quality of residential housing management process.