bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity within populations of an arctic–alpine species declines with decreasing latitude across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Hirao Akira S. , Watanabe Mikio , Tsuyuzaki Shiro , Shimono Ayako , Li Xuefeng , Masuzawa Takehiro , Wada Naoya 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimWe identified and evaluated general latitudinal trends in genetic diversity within populations of a widespread arctic–alpine plant, Dryas octopetala, to examine the applicability to this species of the dominant hypothesis that intraspecific genetic diversity is highest in the tropics and declines towards the poles.LocationThe circumpolar Arctic and northern temperate alpine ranges, with a focus on high altitude mountains at the species lowest latitudinal margin in the Japanese archipelago.MethodsWithin‐population genetic diversity was assessed using genotypes determined at nine microsatellite loci (n = 489), chloroplast DNA sequences (atpB‐rbcL and trnV‐ndhC spacers, n = 181) and a nuclear gene sequence (LEAFY, n = 173) of 18 populations, as well as a previously published amplified fragment length polymorphism dataset for 26 populations, across the distributional range of the species. The latitudinal pattern of intra‐population genetic diversity was modelled at hemispheric scale to discriminate linear latitudinal and quadratic central–marginal trends in genetic diversity. Population genetic structure was assessed by Bayesian clustering analyses.ResultsAt hemispheric scale, we identified two interacting effects: a general latitudinal decline in genetic diversity towards the equator and a central–marginal effect, whereby genetic diversity decreases towards the margins of a species’ range. This decrease was more marked in low‐latitude marginal populations than in high‐latitude marginal populations. Populations at the lowest latitudes in the Japanese archipelago showed the lowest level of genetic diversity but exhibited distinctive genetic variation.Main conclusionThe latitudinal decline in genetic diversity within populations of this arctic–alpine plant across its range was opposite to the commonly observed trend. A significant part of the equator‐ward latitudinal decline in genetic diversity in this arctic–alpine species may be attributable to a “sky island” effect, which played a greater role at low latitudes.
Injectable technique for direct provisional restoration
Authors: Blasi Alvaro , Alnassar Talal , Chiche Gerard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveNew technique describes an alternative treatment modality of making direct provisional restoration.Clinical considerationsA preoperative wax‐up should be fabricated, followed by fabrication of a transparent polyvinyl siloxane (VPS) matrix in a clear plastic prefabricated tray with retentive holes. After the tray is separated from the model, two additional holes will be made through the tray and the VPS for injecting and venting of the temporary resin. After the teeth are prepared and the separating medium applied to them, the resin should be injected into the entrance hole using the provided auto‐mix cartilage tip. The flow of the resin around the preparation can be observed through the clear mold and once the resin starts to extrude from the exit hole. It is necessary to block the exit hole with a finger while continuing to inject. This will increase the pressure inside the mold and improve marginal adaptation. Before complete polymerization, the matrix is removed. The provisional restorations are removed from the matrix and contoured, adjusted, and polished.ConclusionThis technique will help the clinicians to enhance the quality of the provisional restorations, to prevent entrapment of bubbles, improve marginal precision and prevent seating error.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis study described a novel technique for constructing a direct provisional restoration by injecting bis‐acryl temporary resin into a matrix that is already seated over the prepared tooth.
Production of edible coatings with twin‐nozzle electrospraying equipment and the effects on shelf‐life stability of fresh‐cut apple slices
Authors: Cakmak Hulya , Kumcuoglu Seher , Tavman Sebnem 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, apple slices were coated with electrospraying and dipping method for comparison of the coating efficiency, material uptake, color changes, and microstructure of coated surfaces. In electrospraying of 70% oil emulsion, a lower voltage was required for stable cone‐jet geometry compared to the 80% oil emulsion which had the highest electrical conductivity and lowest viscosity. The material uptake of dip–coated samples was similar; however, the material uptake of electrospray coated samples was found between 0.051 and 0.122 mg emulsion/g apple. Electrospray coated apple slices had lower weight loss compared to the control and dip‐coated samples, although the applied coating material was significantly lower. The total color change of electrospray coated samples was similar to the control; however the change in dip‐coated samples was significant. The coating was uniform on the surface of electrospray coated sample, but a couple of pinholes and irregularities were visible in the microstructural image of dip‐coated sample.Practical applicationsFruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, and their regular consumption is recommended for a healthy life. The fresh‐cut fruits are easy to access and practical to meeting the daily need for the nutrients. However, the shelf‐life of these foods is limited due to perishable characters of the fruits and short shelf‐life. Edible coatings and films can be applied for extending the shelf‐life and maintaining the sensory characteristics of the fruits. The electrospraying method is an emerging technology in the edible coating production with its less coating material use compared to the conventional alternatives and electrospraying helps to improve the shelf‐life stability of fresh‐cut fruits.
The impact of postponed bread baking technology on the quality properties of Kaiser rolls and in vitro starch digestibility
Authors: Mikulec Anna , Kowalski Stanislaw , Lukasiewicz Marcin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe article presents the results of sensory and textural properties, volume, moisture, and porosity of the crumb, as well as in vitro digestibility of the starch, of the Kaiser rolls baked using traditional and deferred baking methods, particularly using the method of stopping or slowing down the fermentation process. The frozen Kaiser rolls were characterized by the highest total baking loss, and thus the smallest overbake, whereas the standard ones were characterized by the lowest total baking loss. Kaiser rolls baked from frozen dough were characterized by the highest content of resistant starch (16.4 ± 0.3 g/100 g). In contrast, products obtained via initial prebaking were characterized by the highest contribution of rapid digestible starch (38.2 ± 1.8 g/100 g). Prebaking also influenced on the highest 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural formation (44.04 ± 0.71 mg/kg) in opposite to Kaiser rolls obtained from frozen dough (5.10 ± 0.37 mg/kg).Practical applicationsThis work consists of a study of the Kaiser rolls baked using traditional and postponed baking methods such as freezing raw chunks of dough (frozen), freezing prebaked chunks (prebaked), and stopping the fermentation process in temperatures above 0 °C (postponed method). Comparison of sensory and textural properties, volume, moisture, and porosity of the crumb and in vitro starch digestibility of the Kaiser rolls baked using traditional and deferred baking method gives possibility to compare quality features of bakery products obtained with different baking technology. The results will be used to assess production methods of Kaiser rolls, both in terms of consumer acceptance and their beneficial impact on the human body.
Association Between Type of Health Professional at Birth and Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Haile Zelalem T. , Elmasry Mohamed , Chavan Bhakti , Azulay Chertok Ilana R. 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionAlthough benefits of breastfeeding for infants, women, and society are well established, breastfeeding rates in the United States remain below the Healthy People 2020 goals. Various factors are known to influence breastfeeding practices. Limited research has been conducted to examine the influence of type of birth attendant on exclusive breastfeeding.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted using data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II collected between May 2005 and June 2007.ResultsThe study sample included 2026 women, aged 18 years or older. At discharge, 74.6% of women exclusively breastfed, and 27.6% exclusively breastfed at 3 months postpartum. Bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between type of health professional at birth and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge (P = .001) and 3 months postpartum (P < .001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the association between type of health professional at birth and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge was no longer significant. However, the odds of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum were higher among women whose birth was attended by a midwife or nurse‐midwife compared to those whose birth was attended by an obstetrician (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34‐2.61; P < .001).DiscussionExclusive breastfeeding continuation may be influenced by the type of health professional attending the birth. In addition to having a skilled workforce, health care professionals involved in perinatal care need to be educated and trained to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding as recommended. The complex and multifactorial nature of the maternal decision to exclusively breastfeed requires broader understanding of contextual factors.
Plantar keratoderma climatericum: Successful improvement with a topical estriol cream
Authors: Mendes‐Bastos Pedro 
Published: September 2017

SummaryKeratoderma climatericum affects menopausal women, and the diagnosis relies on typical clinical findings and exclusion of other potential causes of acquired keratoderma. Although its pathophysiology is still unknown, there has been speculation about its relation to hormonal dysregulation (possibly a local estrogen deficiency) since the 1930s. A female patient with long‐lasting keratoderma climatericum was initially prescribed a topical 50% urea ointment and clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment, with just a slight improvement after 2 months of daily use. The patient was started on topical estriol 0.125 mg/g vaginal cream applied on the plantar surface after her daily shower and application of the same topical 50% urea ointment and clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment on alternate nights. There was a marked improvement under this regimen with total and fast control of the pruritus. At 6‐month follow‐up the patient retained total symptomatic control and was just applying the estriol cream and the 50% urea containing ointment. We report a case of a difficult to treat plantar keratoderma that markedly improved after adding a daily topical application of a vaginal cream containing estriol 0.125 mg/g. Trials that determine the efficacy and safety of topical estrogens for keratoderma climatericum are warranted.
Epicardial collateral channel for retrograded recanalization of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Predictors of failure and procedural outcome
Authors: Huang Zehan , Ma Dunliang , Zhang Bin , Folson Aba A. , Lin Jingye , Wu Kaize , Liao Hongtao , Zhong Zhian 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThis study set out to identify significant lesion features of chronic total occlusion (CTO) that predict successful retrograde recanalization via epicardial collateral channels (CCs).BackgroundEpicardial CCs remain essential in retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of CTO. However, the unpredictability of success and occurrence of complications limit the application of epicardial CCs for retrograde PCI technique for CTO.Methods103 retro‐recanalization cases were analyzed using epicardial CCs with successful recanalization as an end point. Clinical and angiography data were collected.ResultsThe total success rate was 76.3%. Independent predictors associated with technical success included CCs tortuosity, side branch at CCs tortuosity, inadequate CCs Size and inadequate CCs exit location. Assigning a score of one for each variable, four levels of difficulty were obtained and formed the EPI‐CTO score (Epicardial CTO). This score had significant predictive value for the likelihood of successful recanalization (AUC: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.89‐0.98). Coronary and CCs perforation occurred in 6 and 10 cases respectively. Four cases including two coronary and two CCs perforations had tamponade that needed pericardiocentesis.ConclusionsUsing epicardial CCs for retrograde approach of CTO PCI is effective. Complication rate was acceptable. We found four independent predictors relative to procedure success.
Clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters and release of collagen degradation biomarkers in naswar dippers
Authors: Daood U. , Abduljabbar T. , Al‐Hamoudi N. , Akram Z. 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to compare clinical periodontal parameters and to assess the release of C‐telopeptides pyridinoline cross‐links (ICTP) and C‐terminal crosslinked telopeptide (CTX) from gingival collagen of naswar (NW) and non‐naswar (control) dippers.Material and MethodsEighty‐seven individuals (42 individuals consuming NW and 45 controls) were included. Clinical (plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment loss) and radiographic (marginal bone loss) periodontal parameters were compared among NW and control groups. Gingival specimens were taken from subjects in NW and control groups, assessed for ICTP and CTX levels (using ELISA) and analyzed using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The significance of differences in periodontal parameters between the groups was determined using Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney U tests. The percent loss of dry mass over exposure time and the rate of release of ICTP and CTX from all groups were compared using the paired t‐test to examine the effects of exposure time.ResultsClinical and radiographic periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the NW group than the control group (P < .01). In the Raman spectrum, the strongest and sharpest band occurred at 1260 cm−1 amongst NW users. A Raman band at Amide I was observed with slight shifts in wave numbers. The rate of ICTP and CTX release was significantly higher in subjects from the NW group compared with those from the control group (P < .05). Both factors, the type of groups and time, had a significant effect on release of ICTP and CTX (P < .05).ConclusionWithin the limits of the present study, it may be concluded that clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters were worse among subjects in the NW group than in those of the control group. There is a higher degree of collagen breakdown in the connective tissue of subjects in the NW group as a result of naswar usage.
Quality of life as a prognostic factor for survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sternby Eilard Malin , Hagström Hannes , Mortensen Kim Erlend , Wilsgaard Tom , Vagnildhaug Ola Magne , Dajani Olav , Stål Per , Rizell Magnus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsPrognostication in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is demanding. Not only tumour extent and performance status are to be considered, but also liver function, which is often limiting for both survival itself and for treatment possibilities. This study was conducted to assess whether patient‐reported questionnaires containing general and liver‐specific questions could improve prognostication of survival.Methods185 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Norway and Sweden were prospectively included. Patients completed the quality‐of‐life questionnaires EORTC QLQ C30 and HCC18, and clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters were registered. Multivariate Cox regression and Harrell's C‐statistics were used to identify the model that best predicted mortality.ResultsQuality‐of‐life data were prognostic for overall survival. Fatigue and nutrition scales were prognostic in the multivariable analyses alone and in combination with clinical parameters. The prognostic value of established scoring systems was increased by the addition of QoL data. The best prognostic power was achieved by combining HCC18 nutrition scale with selected background parameters.ConclusionQuality‐of‐life questionnaires can prognosticate mortality in HCC patients. When combined with established scoring systems, both the general cancer questionnaire EORTC QLQ C30, and the additional liver cancer‐specific HCC18 increased the prognostic accuracy slightly.
Endoglin in human liver disease and murine models of liver fibrosis—A protective factor against liver fibrosis
Authors: Alsamman Muhammad , Sterzer Viktor , Meurer Steffen K. , Sahin Hacer , Schaeper Ute , Kuscuoglu Deniz , Strnad Pavel , Weiskirchen Ralf , Trautwein Christian , Scholten David 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsLiver fibrosis is the outcome of chronic liver injury. Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a major profibrogenic cytokine modulating hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and extracellular matrix homeostasis. This study analyses the effect of Endoglin (Eng), a TGF‐β type III auxiliary receptor, on fibrogenesis in two models of liver injury by HSC‐specific endoglin deletion.MethodsEng expression was measured in human and murine samples of liver injury. After generating GFAPCre(+)EngΔHSC mice, the impact of Endoglin deletion on chronic liver fibrosis was analysed. For in vitro analysis, Engflox/flox HSCs were infected with Cre‐expressing virus to deplete Endoglin and fibrogenic responses were analysed.ResultsEndoglin is upregulated in human liver injury. The receptor is expressed in liver tissues and mesenchymal liver cells with much higher abundance of the L‐Eng splice variant. Comparing GFAPCre(−)Engf/f to GFAPCre(+)EngΔHSC mice in toxic liver injury, livers of GFAPCre(+)EngΔHSC mice showed 39.9% (P < .01) higher Hydroxyproline content compared to GFAPCre(−)Engf/f littermates. Sirius Red staining underlined these findings, showing 58.8% (P < .05) more Collagen deposition in livers of GFAPCre(+)EngΔHSC mice. Similar results were obtained in mice subjected to cholestatic injury.ConclusionEndoglin isoforms are differentially upregulated in liver samples of patients with chronic and acute liver injury. Endoglin deficiency in HSC significantly aggravates fibrosis in response to injury in two different murine models of liver fibrosis and increases α‐SMA and fibronectin expression in vitro. This suggests that Endoglin protects against fibrotic injury, likely through modulation of TGF‐β signalling.
Survivors' perceptions of public health messages during an Ebola crisis in Liberia and Sierra Leone: An exploratory study
Authors: Schwerdtle Patricia , De Clerck Veronique , Plummer Virginia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone was the largest epidemic of Ebola ever recorded. The healthcare workforce was diminished and exhausted as the region emerged from civil war. Few qualitative, descriptive studies have been conducted to date that concentrate on the voices of Ebola survivors and their perceptions of health messages. In this study, we employed an interpretive, qualitative design to explore participant experiences. Twenty five survivors who had recovered from Ebola were recruited from three villages in Liberia and Sierra Leone in August 2015. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. Data analysis revealed four themes: (i) degrees of mistrust; (ii) messages conflicting with life and culture; (iii) seeing is believing; and (iv) recovery inspires hope. The findings were explored in the context of the relevant literature. The themes highlight the need to develop culturally‐appropriate messages, underpinned by a sound understanding of the community and a willingness to work with the culture and trusted leaders.
Can noninvasive hemoglobin measurement reduce the need for preoperative venipuncture in pediatric outpatient surgery?
Authors: Zeng Ruifeng , Svensen Christer H. , Li Husong , Xu Ximou , Skoog Svanberg Agneta , Liu Huacheng , Li Yanrong , Shangguan Wangning , Lian Qingquan 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundNoninvasive measurements of hemoglobin in the pediatric perioperative setting could be helpful to avoid venipunctures in children. The present study aims to evaluate this by using a noninvasive device for hemoglobin determination. We compared noninvasively obtained hemoglobin with laboratory hemoglobin concentrations in children during their preoperative assessment.MethodsIn an observational study, 122 nonanemic children (age 4.2 ± 1.6 years) who were scheduled to undergo different surgical procedures under general anesthesia were included. In their preoperative preparations, single invasive blood samples for laboratory hemoglobin concentrations were routinely taken following hospital policy and compared to simultaneous noninvasive determinations of hemoglobin. A preoperative invasive value ≤9 g/dL would have caused cancelation of surgery and implied further investigations.ResultsA Bland‐Altman plot showed that the average difference between noninvasively obtained hemoglobin and laboratory hemoglobin concentration was −0.44 g/dL (bias) with a standard deviation of the mean bias of 1.04 g/dL. A hemoglobin error grid showed that the noninvasive device could identify almost all invasive hemoglobin values >9 g/dL. In total, there were 4 false‐positive values where noninvasively obtained hemoglobin observations were below while the paired invasive values were above 9 g/dL.ConclusionThe data in this pediatric setting suggest that the device may eliminate the need for venipuncture in nonanemic children.
Interactions of WRKY15 and WRKY33 transcription factors and their roles in the resistance of oilseed rape to Sclerotinia infection
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Meirong , Wen Jing , Yi Bin , Shen Jinxiong , Ma Chaozhi , Fu Tingdong , Tu Jinxing 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWRKY transcription factors are known to participate in the defence responses of higher plants. However, little is known about the roles of such proteins, especially regarding their functions in the resistance of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes stem rot. In this study, we identified BnWRKY33 as a S. sclerotiorum‐responsive gene that positively regulates resistance to this pathogen by enhancing the expression of genes involved in camalexin synthesis and genes regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). We also identified a S. sclerotiorum‐responsive region in the promoter of BnWRKY33, which we revealed to be a relatively conserved W‐box region in the promoters of homologous genes in different species. Using this S. sclerotiorum‐responsive region as bait in a yeast one‐hybrid assay, we identified another WRKY transcription factor, BnWRKY15, and observed that both BnWRKY15 and BnWRKY33 could bind to this region. In addition, BnWRKY15 overexpression simultaneously increased the susceptibility of B. napus to S. sclerotiorum and down‐regulated BnWRKY33 after different durations of infection. Furthermore, BnWRKY15, which contains a transcriptional repression domain, exhibited reduced transactivation ability and could reduce the transactivation ability of BnWRKY33 in Arabidopsis protoplast assays. Therefore, we suggest that the increased susceptibility of BnWRKY15‐overexpressing plants results from reduced BnWRKY33 expression, which is due to the inhibition of BnWRKY33 transcriptional activation by BnWRKY15.