bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptic diversity of marine gastropod Monodonta labio (Trochidae): did the early Pleistocene glacial isolation and sea surface temperature gradient jointly drive diversification of sister species and/or subspecies in the Northwestern Pacific?
Authors: Zhao Dan , Li Qi , Kong Lingfeng , Yu Hong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFormation of glacial refugia during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations has been put forward to elucidate the diversification of marine organisms in the north‐western Pacific. The marine gastropod Monodonta labio is one of the most common species in the Northwestern Pacific and possibly possesses cryptic diversity. Here, we investigate the phylogeographic pattern of this species to test the potential mechanisms driving its diversification in the Northwestern Pacific. Genetic information for two mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S rDNA) and one nuclear gene (internal transcribed spacer 1) was acquired to detect genetic structuring and to reconstruct the gastropod's phylogenetic history. Our results revealed that M. labio is comprised of five main clades, and divergence time estimates place their cladogenesis as corresponding to the initiation (c. 2.5 mya) and intensification (c. 0.9 mya) of large‐scale Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. The early and middle Pleistocene divergence times are consistent with the emergence times of the Dongshan land bridge, which would seperate the ancient East China Sea and the ancient South China Sea forming two potential refugia. In addition, the deep trough in the Qiongzhou Strait would possibly act as another potential refugium with the uplift of the Qiongzhou Strait at mid‐Pleistocene. This study suggests that the current genetic architecture of M. labio is probably correlated with glacial isolation and sea surface temperature gradient. We also put forward the possibility that these factors were probably an important driver for the diversification of sister species or subspecies of other taxa in the Northwestern Pacific.
Functional diversity of fish and invertebrates in coral and rocky reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Ramírez‐Ortiz Georgina , Calderon‐Aguilera Luis E. , Reyes‐Bonilla Hector , Ayala‐Bocos Arturo , Hernández Luis , Fernández Rivera‐Melo Francisco , López‐Pérez Andres , Dominici‐Arosamena Arturo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo define the functional groups of fish and macroinvertebrates in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), visual censuses were performed in 18 areas of four biogeographic provinces: Cortés, Mexican, Panamic and Oceanic Islands. A total of 257 fish and macroinvertebrate species were recorded, and from them, 27 morpho‐functional groups (MFGs) were constructed on the basis of trophic level, maximum size, taxonomy and morphology. Biomass, richness, diversity and evenness of MFGs were calculated for each province and compared statistically; a regression analysis between taxonomic and functional diversity was conducted to observe the relationship between these two indicators. There were significant differences in all ecological indices (p < .002), highlighting the high biomass and richness of MFGs in the Cortés and Oceanic Islands provinces (>400 g/m2), associated with the influence of cold currents in the northernmost region and less fishing pressure in protected areas. A decreasing pattern of MFG richness towards the tropics was observed, which demonstrates that in the ETP, the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and species diversity has been translated into functional complexity. The Mexican province was the most functionally diverse (biomass well distributed in the MFG; H′ = 0.46 ± 0.009). Related to this, it is predicted that biomass is biased towards certain functional groups (i.e., large carnivores), which shows that the H′ index of the MFG is not a good indicator of the conservation status of ETP reefs. Finally, regression analysis suggests that functional diversity increases at low species diversity but eventually reaches an asymptote (almost all possible functions are represented).
Trophic structure of mesopelagic fishes in the Gulf of Mexico revealed by gut content and stable isotope analyses
Authors: McClain‐Counts Jennifer P. , Demopoulos Amanda W. J. , Ross Steve W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMesopelagic fishes represent an important component of the marine food web due to their global distributions, high abundances and ability to transport organic material throughout a large part of the water column. This study combined stable isotope (SIAs) and gut content analyses (GCAs) to characterize the trophic structure of mesopelagic fishes in the North‐Central Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, this study examined whether mesopelagic fishes utilized chemosynthetic energy from cold seeps. Specimens were collected (9–25 August 2007) over three deep (>1,000 m) cold seeps at discrete depths (surface to 1,503 m) over the diurnal cycle. GCA classified 31 species (five families) of mesopelagic fishes into five feeding guilds: piscivores, large crustacean consumers, copepod consumers, generalists and mixed zooplanktivores. However, these guilds were less clearly defined based on stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) results, suggesting diets may be more mixed over longer time periods (weeks–months) and across co‐occurring species. Copepods were likely important for the majority of mesopelagic fishes, consistent with GCA (this study) and previous literature. MixSIAR results also identified non‐crustacean prey items, including salps and pteropods, as potentially important prey items for mesopelagic fishes, including those fishes not analysed in GCA (Sternoptyx spp. and Melamphaidae). Salps and other soft‐bodied species are often missed in GCAs. Mesopelagic fishes had δ13C results consistent with particulate organic matter serving as the baseline organic carbon source, fueling up to three trophic levels. Fishes that undergo diel vertical migration were depleted in 15N relative to weak migrators, consistent with depth‐specific isotope trends in sources and consumers, and assimilation of 15N‐depleted organic matter in surface waters. Linear correlations between fish size and δ15N values suggested ontogenetic changes in fish diets for several species. While there was no direct measure of mesopelagic fishes assimilating chemosynthetic material, detection of infrequent consumption of this food resource may be hindered by the assimilation of isotopically enriched photosynthetic organic matter. By utilizing multiple dietary metrics (e.g. GCA, δ13C, δ15N, MixSIAR), this study better defined the trophic structure of mesopelagic fishes and allowed for insights on feeding, ultimately providing useful baseline information from which to track mesopelagic trophodynamics over time and space.
Tidal effects on phytoplankton assemblages in a near‐pristine estuary: a trait‐based approach for the case of a shallow tropical ecosystem in Brazil
Authors: Moser Gleyci A. O. , Piedras Fernanda Reinhardt , Oaquim Anna Beatriz J. , Souza Daiana S. , Leles Suzana G. , de Lima Domênica T. , Ramos Ana Beatriz A. , Farias Cássia de O. , Fernandes Alexandre M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe study of near‐pristine estuaries can be used as a tool for mitigation projects of harmful effects in anthropogenic eutrophic systems, since one can analyze the effect of temporal and spatial variations generated mainly by natural forces. Phytoplankton taxonomy has been used as a classical indicator to assess changes in transitional water communities, however alternative methods based on morphological, behavioral and physiological traits offer the opportunity to compare sites or moments with different taxonomic compositions. Our goal, in this context, is to evaluate phytoplankton community short‐term and seasonal variability in a near‐pristine estuary, Barra Grande estuary (Ilha Grande, RJ, Brazil), through species functional traits and thus community functional diversity. Samplings were carried out in a mooring in complete tidal cycles, seasonally during 2012. Our results showed a diverse phytoplankton community with 38 frequent and abundant taxa, marked by density variation (1.2 × 10.4–2 × 10.7 cell L−1) in depth, with abundance inversely related to tidal currents. The functional structure of the phytoplankton community measured by functional diversity (FD), varied seasonally in and across a gradient of tidal energy. A core community, mainly represented by flagellates and dinoflagellates, occurred in all observations and was highly functional (high FD), exploiting a variety of habitats. The chain‐forming diatoms were associated with high tidal energy, and occurred in higher densities during summer. Phytoplankton cell size, cell shape, and the ability to form colonies are extremely plastic traits that can be regulated by the environment, however, isolated tychopelagic diatoms were present in the study area across all seasons, with higher contributions in autumn and winter, reflecting the shallow characteristic of this system. During the winter, an exposed sandbar was formed, and the lack of connection with the ocean resulted in an abundance of riverine and brackish water taxa. In this near‐pristine estuary the densities and occurrences of HAB phytoplankton are low. Trait‐based analyses add information about community structure, which can be impacted by anthropogenic actions in urbanized coastal systems. Thus the information provided by this study regarding phytoplankton functional diversity and its relation to nutrients and hydrography in Barra Grande Estuary can be applied as a baseline model for the development of public policies.
Epidemiology and prognosis of candidaemia in elderly patients
Authors: Ramos‐Martínez Antonio , Vicente‐López Natalia , Sánchez‐Romero Isabel , Padilla Belén , Merino‐Amador Paloma , Garnacho‐Montero José , Ruiz‐Camps Isabel , Montejo Miguel , Salavert Miguel , Mensa José , Cuenca‐Estrella Manuel ,   the Members of the CANDIPOP Project from GEIH‐GEMICOMED (SEIMC) and REIPI
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe aim of the study was to analyse the epidemiology and prognosis of candidaemia in elderly patients. We performed a comparison of clinical presentation of candidaemia according to age and a study of hazard factors within a prospective programme performed in 29 hospitals. One hundred and seventy‐six episodes occurred in elderly patients (>75 years), 227 episodes in middle‐aged patients (61‐75 years) and 232 episodes in younger patients (16‐60 years). Central venous catheter, parenteral nutrition, neutropenia, immunosuppressive therapy and candidaemia caused by Candida parapsilosis were less frequent in elderly patients. These patients received inadequate antifungal therapy (57.3%) more frequently than middle‐aged and younger patients (40.5% P < .001). Mortality during the first week (20%) and 30 days (42%) was higher in elderly patients. The variables independently associated with mortality in elderly patients during the first 7 days were acute renal failure (OR: 2.64), Pitt score (OR: 1.57) and appropriate antifungal therapy (OR: 0.132). Primary candidaemia (OR: 2.93), acute renal failure (OR: 3.68), Pitt score (OR: 1.38), appropriate antifungal therapy (OR: 0.3) and early removal of the central catheter (OR: 0.47) were independently associated with 30‐day mortality.In conclussion, inadequate antifungal treatment is frequently prescribed to elderly patients with candidaemia and is related with early and late mortality.
Quantification and neurochemical coding of the myenteric plexus in humans: No regional variation between the distal colon and rectum
Authors: Ng K.‐S. , Montes‐Adrian N. A. , Mahns D. A. , Gladman M. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear whether regional variation exists in the human enteric nervous system (ENS) ie, whether intrinsic innervation varies along the gut. Recent classification of gastrointestinal neuropathies has highlighted inadequacies in the quantification of the human ENS. This study used paired wholemounts to accurately quantify and neurochemically code the hindgut myenteric plexus, comparing human distal colon and rectum.MethodsPaired human descending colonic/rectal specimens were procured from 15 patients undergoing anterior resection. Wholemounts of myenteric plexi were triple‐immunostained with anti‐Hu/NOS/ChAT antibodies. Images were acquired by motorized epifluorescence microscopy, allowing assessment of ganglionic density/size, ganglionic area density, and neuronal density. ‘Stretch‐corrected’ values were calculated using stretched/relaxed tissue dimensions.Key ResultsTile‐stitching created a collage with average area 99 300 000 μm2. Stretch‐corrected ganglionic densities were similar (colon: median 510 ganglia/100 mm2 [range 386‐1170], rectum: 585 [307‐923]; P = .99), as were average ganglionic sizes (colon: 57 593 μm2 [40 301‐126 579], rectum: 54 901 [38 701‐90 211], P = .36). Ganglionic area density (colon: 11.92 mm2 per 100 mm2 [7.53‐18.64], rectum: 9.84 [5.80‐17.19], P = .10) and stretch‐corrected neuronal densities (colon: 189 neurons/mm2 [117‐388], rectum: 182 [89‐361], P = .31) were also similar, as were the neurochemical profiles of myenteric ganglia, with comparable proportions of NOS+ and ChAT+ neurons (P > .10).Conclusions and InferencesThis study has revealed similar neuronal and ganglionic densities and neurochemical profiles in human distal colon and rectum. Further investigation of other components of the ENS, incorporating additional immunohistochemical markers are required to confirm that there is no regional variation in the human hindgut ENS.
Incidence and costs of achalasia in The Netherlands
Authors: van Hoeij F. B. , Ponds F. A. , Smout A. J. , Bredenoord A. J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundRecent reports show increasing incidence of achalasia in some populations. The aim of this study was to estimate incidence, prevalence, and healthcare costs of achalasia in a large cohort in The Netherlands.MethodsData were obtained from the largest Dutch healthcare insurance company (±4.4 million insured). Adult achalasia patients were identified between 2006 and 2014 when having an achalasia diagnosis code registered. A total of 907 achalasia patients were identified and included in our database, along with 9068 control patients (non‐achalasia patients), matched by age and gender.Key ResultsThe mean incidence over the 9‐year period was 2.2 per 100 000 persons and the mean prevalence was 15.3 per 100 000 persons. Mean age of achalasia patients was 54 (range 18‐98) years. Male to female ratio was 1:1. Socio‐economic status distribution was similar in achalasia patients and controls. Prior to the diagnosis, 74% of achalasia patients received proton pump inhibitors and 26% received anti‐emetic medication. The first year after diagnosis median total direct medical costs of achalasia patients were €2283 (IQR 969‐3044) per year. Patients above the 90th percentile of €4717 were significantly older than other patients below the 90th percentile (mean age 63 vs 57); P = .005.Conclusion & InferencesIn this large study that used a database comprising about 25% of all inhabitants of The Netherlands, it is confirmed that achalasia affects individuals of both genders and all ages. The costs associated with diagnosis and treatment of new cases of achalasia increase with increasing age.
Use of antidepressants in dentistry: A systematic review
Authors: Lino PA , Martins CC , Miranda GFPC , de Souza e Silva ME , de Abreu MHNG 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivePrevious research has suggested that antidepressants can be used in oral health care. The aim of this systematic review was to search for scientific evidence of the efficacy of the use of antidepressants in dentistry.Materials and MethodsThe clinical question was as follows (PICO question): dentistry patients (Patients); antidepressants (Intervention); no use or placebo or other drug (Comparison); and efficacy in oral health problems (Outcome). An electronic search was conducted in seven databases, as well as a manual search without restriction regarding language and date of publication. Two independent reviewers selected studies based on eligibility criteria, extracted data and assessed methodological quality based on the PEDro scale. The PROSPERO record is number CRD42016037442.ResultsA total of 15 randomized controlled trials were associated with the use of antidepressants to control chronic or acute pain in dentistry, among other conditions such as bruxism and burning mouth syndrome. The most commonly used drug in clinical trials was amitriptyline (more than 50% of studies).ConclusionsAntidepressants may be effective in dentistry for acute and chronic pain, but there is a large amount of methodological heterogeneity among the evaluated studies. In summary, there is rationality for the indication of this class of medicine in dentistry in specific clinical situations.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with Griscelli syndrome: A single‐center experience
Authors: Kuskonmaz Baris , Ayvaz Deniz , Gokce Muge , Ozgur Tuba Turul , Okur Fatma V. , Cetin Mualla , Tezcan Ilhan , Uckan Cetinkaya Duygu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGS2 is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypopigmentation, variable immunodeficiency with HLH. HSCT is the only curative treatment for GS2. We analyzed the outcome of 10 children with GS2 who underwent HSCT at our center between October 1997 and September 2013. The median age of the patients at transplant was 13.5 months (range, 6‐58 months). All of the patients developed HLH before HSCT and received HLH 94 or HLH 2004 protocols. Donors were HLA‐identical relatives in 8 patients, HLA‐mismatched relatives in 2 patients. Engraftment was achieved in all except one patient. None of the patients developed acute GVHD. Chronic GVHD occurred in one and veno‐occlusive disease occurred in four patients. Eight of the patients are under remission without any neurologic sequelae—median time of disease‐free survival is 92.4 months. The present study shows successful transplant outcome without long‐term neurologic sequelae in patients with GS2 who underwent HSCT from HLA‐related donors.
Clonal integration facilitates spread of Paspalum paspaloides from terrestrial to cadmium‐contaminated aquatic habitats
Authors: Luo F.‐L. , Xing Y.‐P. , Wei G.‐W. , Li C.‐Y. , Yu F.‐H. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous environmental pollutant with high toxicity to plants, which has been detected in many wetlands. Clonal integration (resource translocation) between connected ramets of clonal plants can increase their tolerance to stress. We hypothesised that clonal integration facilitates spread of amphibious clonal plants from terrestrial to Cd‐contaminated aquatic habitats.

The spread of an amphibious grass Paspalum paspaloides was simulated by growing basal older ramets in uncontaminated soil connected (allowing integration) or not connected (preventing integration) to apical younger ramets of the same fragments in Cd‐contaminated water.

Cd contamination of apical ramets of P. paspaloides markedly decreased growth and photosynthetic capacity of the apical ramets without connection to the basal ramets, but did not decrease these properties with connection. Cd contamination did not affect growth of the basal ramets without connection to the apical ramets, but Cd contamination of 4 and 12 mg·l−1 significantly increased growth with connection. Consequently, clonal integration increased growth of the apical ramets, basal ramets and whole clones when the apical ramets were grown in Cd‐contaminated water of 4 and 12 mg·l−1. Cd was detected in the basal ramets with connection to the apical ramets, suggesting Cd could be translocated due to clonal integration. Clonal integration, most likely through translocation of photosynthates, can support P. paspaloides to spread from terrestrial to Cd‐contaminated aquatic habitats.

Amphibious clonal plants with a high ability for clonal integration are particularly useful for re‐vegetation of degraded aquatic habitats caused by Cd contamination.
White matter fiber integrity of the saccadic eye movement network differs between schizophrenia and healthy groups
Authors: Schaeffer David J. , Rodrigue Amanda L. , Burton Courtney R. , Pierce Jordan E. , Murphy Megan N. , Clementz Brett A. , McDowell Jennifer E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies suggest that altered white matter fiber integrity is a pathophysiological feature of schizophrenia. Lower white matter integrity is associated with poor cognitive control, a characteristic of schizophrenia that can be measured using antisaccade tasks. Although the functional neural correlates of poor antisaccade performance have been well documented, fewer studies have investigated the extent to which white matter fibers connecting the functional nodes of this network contribute to antisaccade performance. The aim of the present study was to assess the white matter structural integrity of fibers connecting two functional nodes (putamen and medial frontal eye fields) of the saccadic eye movement network implicated in poor antisaccade performance in schizophrenia. To evaluate white matter integrity, DTI was acquired on subjects with schizophrenia and two comparison groups: (a) behaviorally matched healthy comparison subjects with low levels of cognitive control (LCC group), and (b) healthy subjects with high levels of cognitive control (HCC group). White matter fibers were tracked between functional regions of interest generated from antisaccade fMRI activation maps, and measures of diffusivity were quantified. The results demonstrated lower white matter integrity in the schizophrenia group than in the HCC group, but not the LCC group who showed similarly poor cognitive control performance. Overall, the results suggest that these alterations are not specific to the disease process of schizophrenia, but may rather be a function of uncontrolled cognitive factors that are concomitant with the disease but also observed in some healthy people.
Comparison of human umbilical cord blood processing with or without hydroxyethyl starch
Authors: Souri Milad , Nikougoftar Zarif Mahin , Rasouli Mahboobeh , Golzadeh Khadijeh , Nakhlestani Hagh Mozhdeh , Ezzati Nasim , Atarodi Kamran 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDUmbilical cord blood (UCB) processing with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is the most common protocol in the cord blood banks. The quality of UCB volume reduction was guaranteed by minimum manipulation of cord blood samples in the closed system. This study aimed to analyze and compare cell recovery and viability of UCB processed using the Sepax automated system in the presence and absence of HES.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThirty UCB bags with a total nucleated cell (TNC) count of more than 2.5 × 109 were divided in two bags with equal volume. HES solution was added to one bag and another was intact. Both bags were processed with the Sepax. To determine cell recovery, viability, and potential of colony‐forming cells (CFCs), preprocessing, postprocessing, and thawing samples were analyzed.RESULTSThe mean TNC recovery after processing and after thaw was significantly better with the HES method (p < 0.01 for the postprocessing step and p < 0.05 for the postthaw step). There were no significant differences to mononucleated cells (MNCs) and CD34+ cell recovery between the two methods after processing and after thaw. TNC and MNC viability was significantly higher without HES after processing and after thaw (p < 0.01). The results of the CFC assay were similar for both methods after processing and after thaw.CONCLUSIONThese results showed that processing of UCB using the Sepax system with the without‐HES protocol due to the lower manipulation of samples could be used as an eligible protocol to reduce the volume of UCB.