bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching alternating current (AC) using a fully screen‐printed current‐driven transistor
Authors: Zambou Serges , Azeutsap Flore M. , Nuessl Rudolph , Magunje Batsirai , Walton Stanley D. , Jonah Emmanuel O. , Zekeng Serge S. , Ndjaka Jean M. , Harting Margit , Britton David T. 
Published: September 2017

The authors report on a large area, fully screen‐printed transistors, using nanostructured silicon as the active material. The transistors are produced by simple screen printing processes under ambient conditions without the need for post‐processing steps. The devices can be operated as two‐way switches both with a direct or alternating current (AC). The authors demonstrated the operation of the devices printed on flexible substrates (office paper 80 g/m2) using silver as the conductive electrodes and highly doped p‐type nanostructured silicon as the active layer. A method of switching sinusoidal AC using a single printed transistor is demonstrated at a frequency of 50 Hz at ambient condition. The silicon used as active materials, present domains, and blocks at a microscopic level, with an electric behaviour similar to one of the varistor‐like components used as surge suppressors. So, unlike conventional transistors which rely on electric field modulation or charge injection, these AC switches operate by activation transport of charge carriers in the active silicon layer. Switching AC is achieved by applying a signal to the base which results in a change of the current's direction from between the collector and base to between the base and emitter.
Design optimisation of self‐powered gate driver for ultra‐fast DC solid‐state circuit breakers using SiC JFETs
Authors: He Dong , Xiong Zhijie , Lei Zhiqi , Shuai Zhikang , Shen Zheng John , Wang Jun 
Published: September 2017

Solid‐state circuit breakers (SSCBs) inherently have excellent protection performance, thus they are popular for DC distribution protection. However, the safety and reliability of the SSCBs are limited by the rapid response ability of their own gate drivers. In this study, a self‐powered SSCB with a normally‐on silicon carbide (SiC) junction gate field‐effect transistor (JFET) is proposed as the solid‐state switch, whose gate drivers are optimised as well. First, both an optimised fault detection circuit and a designed forward–flyback DC/DC converter of the SSCB gate driver have been presented to achieve fast protection during the course of fault isolation. Then, the detailed analyses of the gate driver circuit parameters effect on protection speed are further investigated based on circuit theory and MATLAB calculation. In order to compare and analyse the dynamic responses of the SSCB with and without optimisation, the actual interruption tests of the fabricated SiC JFET circuit breaker prototype and the employed prototype 400 V DC distribution system have been carried out. The results show that the implementation approach is able to improve protection speed for the SSCBs within the order of a few microseconds.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Using the Trans-splenic Approach and a Snare Technique
Authors: Park Juil , Kim Hyo-Cheol 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an established procedure for the secondary prevention of variceal bleeding and management of refractory ascites. Portal vein thrombosis presents technical difficulty during TIPS due to nonvisualization of portal vein. In such patients, trans-splenic approach can be utilized to navigate thrombosed portal vein and use a snare as a fluoroscopic guidance for the intraparenchymal pass. We present the case of a 63-year old man who received the successful TIPS procedure via trans-splenic access without any complication.
Suture Anchors Fixation in MPFL Reconstruction using a Bioactive Synthetic Ligament
Authors: Berruto Massimo , Ferrua Paolo , Tradati Daniele , Uboldi Francesco , Usellini Eva , Marelli Bruno 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMedial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has a key role in patellofemoral instability surgery. Many surgical techniques have been described so far using different types of grafts (autologous, heterologous, or synthetic) and fixation techniques. The hereby described technique for MPFL reconstruction relies on the use of a biosynthetic graft (LARS Arc Sur Tille, France). Fixation is obtained by means of suture anchors on the patellar side and a resorbable interference screw on the femoral side locating the insertion point according to Schottle et al. An early passive range of motion (ROM) recovery is fundamental to reduce the risk of postoperative stiffness; a partial weight bearing with crutches is allowed until 6 weeks after the surgery. In our experience, the use of a biosynthetic graft and suture anchors provides stable fixation, minimizing donor site morbidity and reducing the risk of patellar fracture associated with transosseous tunnels. This technique represents a reliable and reproducible alternative for MPFL reconstruction, thereby minimizing the risk of possible complications.
Effectiveness and Safety of Needle Medial Collateral Ligament Pie-Crusting in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Ohmori Takaaki , Kabata Tamon , Kajino Yoshitomo , Takagi Tomoharu , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMedial collateral ligament (MCL) pie-crusting technique in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the methods of medial release. The effects and risks of blade pie-crusting have been reported in previous studies. However, only a few have reported the safety and efficacy of needle pie-crusting. In this cadaveric study, we quantitatively evaluated the amount of gap change by MCL needle pie-crusting. We investigated five knees of four fresh human cadavers and performed posterior-stabilized TKA. Only deep MCL release as the medial release was conducted. We punctured the MCL from the deep layer to the superficial layer using a 18 G needle in a 90-degree flexion position for 0, 10, 20, 50, 75, and 100 times. Medial and lateral gaps were measured accurately with a balancer at determined times in 0 and 90-degree flexion positions. Changes in medial and lateral gaps were not significant differences in flexion and extension position. However, in 90-degree flexion, medial gap changes were tended to be larger than lateral gap changes. A 0.6 mm additional medial release and a 0.2 mm additional lateral release were found per 10 times pie crust in flexion position (100 times, p: 0.08). However, large differences existed among the cases. Needle pie-crusting is safer than blade pie-crusting because of the small efficacy of one-time pie crust. MCL needle pie-crusting showed varied effects for each case. This result indicates the risk of relaxation of an unexpected gap. Caution should be taken when choosing between needle pie-crusting and blade pie-crusting.
Die Entdeckung der Schüßler-Salze
Authors: Emmrich Peter 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungSchüßler-Salze werden seit mehr als 140 Jahren täglich weltweit erfolgreich als Therapieoption eingesetzt, unabhängig davon, ob es sich um
ein akutes oder chronisches Leiden handelt. Schüßler gelangte zu der Überzeugung, dass Krankheit letztlich auf einen gestörten
Mineralsalzhaushalt innerhalb und außerhalb der Zelle beruhe, den es gilt auszugleichen. Namhafte Wissenschaftler der damaligen Zeit wie
Moleschott, Virchow und von Liebig beeinflussten seine Überlegungen nachhaltig und gaben ihm das Fundament, auf das er, trotz der kritischen
Stimmen von Zeitgenossen, seine „Abgekürzte homöopathische Therapie“ stellte. Die Kunst besteht darin, aus den zwölf Schüßler-Salzen das für
den Patienten angezeigte Mittel richtig auszuwählen. Kommt das passende Mittel zur Anwendung, normalisiert sich der gestörte
Mineralsalzhaushalt und die Heilung wird vom Organismus vollzogen – bei Menschen und Tieren.
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex GABA deficit in older adults with sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Pereira Ana C. , Mao Xiangling , Jiang Caroline S. , Kang Guoxin , Milrad Sara , McEwen Bruce S. , Krieger Ana C. , Shungu Dikoma C. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), characterized by intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation during sleep, is common in the elderly and can contribute to cognitive decline, with significant impairment of executive function, including mental flexibility, problem solving, and working memory, which are under dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) control. The results of the present study suggest a potential mechanism of SDB in which a hypoxia-driven deficit of DLPFC γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, disrupts the neural excitation/inhibition balance which could lead to hyperexcitability, and potentially neuronal damage and cognitive decline. If validated, these findings, along with the proposed model, would represent a significant advance toward achieving a better understanding of the neurobiology of SDB and novel targets for interventions for the disorder.
Tolerance of effective ingroup deviants as a function of moral disengagement / Tolerancia de la disidencia efectiva de los miembros del endogrupo como función de la desconexión moral
Authors: Aguiar Tiago , Campos Miguel , Pinto Isabel R. , Marques José M. 
Published: September 2017

The subjective group dynamics theory posits that individuals derogate ingroup members who deviate from prescriptive moral norms. Research on moral disengagement suggests that deviants may, sometimes, be tolerated. This study’s goal was to test whether leniency towards effective ingroup deviants is accounted for by mechanisms of moral disengagement. Portuguese participants ( N = 75) judged a Portuguese (ingroup) or Spanish (outgroup) manager whose deviant conduct was either effective (i.e., had positive consequences) or ineffective (i.e., had negative consequences) for a Portuguese company. As predicted, participants favoured deviant but effective ingroup members. This was mediated by an increase in moral disengagement and a decrease in negative emotional reactions. Results suggest that individuals downplay the importance of moral norms when facing ambiguous ingroup deviants, as a means to protect their social identity. We discuss these results in light of subjective group dynamics theory.
Recursion-transform method and potential formulae of the m × n cobweb and fan networks*
Authors: Tan Zhi-Zhong 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we made a new breakthrough, which proposes a new Recursion–Transform (RT) method with potential parameters to evaluate the nodal potential in arbitrary resistor networks. For the first time, we found the exact potential formulae of arbitrary

m
×
n

cobweb and fan networks by the RT method, and the potential formulae of infinite and semi-infinite networks are derived. As applications, a series of interesting corollaries of potential formulae are given by using the general formula, the equivalent resistance formula is deduced by using the potential formula, and we find a new trigonometric identity by comparing two equivalence results with different forms.
Is the Natural Label Misleading? Examining Consumer Preferences for Natural Beef
Authors: Syrengelas Konstantinos G , DeLong Karen Lewis , Grebitus Carola , Nayga Rodolfo M 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA petition to the USDA claims that natural labeling misleads consumers. We investigate this claim using an online choice experiment to determine consumer willingness to pay for steak labeled as natural. Half of the sample was provided with the definition of natural, while half was not. The absence of the definition resulted in consumers placing a premium on “natural” steak, while those provided with the definition were not willing to pay a premium. Similarly, participants who consider themselves familiar with the natural definition did not place a premium on “natural” steak. Results indicate that consumers may misinterpret the natural label.
Microbial genome analysis: the COG approach
Authors: Galperin Michael Y , Kristensen David M , Makarova Kira S , Wolf Yuri I , Koonin Eugene V 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
For the past 20 years, the Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG) database had been a popular tool for microbial genome annotation and comparative genomics. Initially created for the purpose of evolutionary classification of protein families, the COG have been used, apart from straightforward functional annotation of sequenced genomes, for such tasks as (i) unification of genome annotation in groups of related organisms; (ii) identification of missing and/or undetected genes in complete microbial genomes; (iii) analysis of genomic neighborhoods, in many cases allowing prediction of novel functional systems; (iv) analysis of metabolic pathways and prediction of alternative forms of enzymes; (v) comparison of organisms by COG functional categories; and (vi) prioritization of targets for structural and functional characterization. Here we review the principles of the COG approach and discuss its key advantages and drawbacks in microbial genome analysis.
An evolutionary scheduling approach for trading-off accuracy vs. verifiable energy in multicore processors
Authors: Liqat U , Banković Z , Lopez-Garcia P , Hermenegildo M V 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This work addresses the problem of energy-efficient scheduling and allocation of tasks in multicore environments, where the tasks can allow a certain loss in accuracy in the output, while still providing proper functionality and meeting an energy budget. This margin for accuracy loss is exploited by using computing techniques that reduce the work load, and thus can also result in significant energy savings. To this end, we use the technique of loop perforation, that transforms loops to execute only a subset of their original iterations, and integrate this technique into our existing optimization tool for energy-efficient scheduling. To verify that a schedule meets an energy budget, both safe upper and lower bounds on the energy consumption of the tasks involved are needed. For this reason, we use a parametric approach to estimate safe (and tight) energy bounds that are practical for energy verification (and optimization applications). This approach consists in dividing a program into basic (‘branchless’) blocks, establishing the maximal (resp. minimal) energy consumption for each block using an evolutionary algorithm, and combining the obtained values according to the program control flow, by using static analysis to produce energy bound functions on input data sizes. The scheduling tool uses evolutionary algorithms coupled with the energy bound functions for estimating the energy consumption of different schedules. The experiments with our prototype implementation were performed on multicore XMOS chips, but our approach can be adapted to any multicore environment with minor changes. The experimental results show that our new scheduler enhanced with loop perforation improves on the previous one, achieving significant energy savings (31% on average for the test programs) for acceptable levels of accuracy loss.
Great Optically Luminous Dropout Research Using Subaru HSC (GOLDRUSH). I. UV luminosity functions at z ∼ 4–7 derived with the half-million dropouts on the 100 deg2 sky
Authors: Ono Yoshiaki , Ouchi Masami , Harikane Yuichi , Toshikawa Jun , Rauch Michael , Yuma Suraphong , Sawicki Marcin , Shibuya Takatoshi , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Oguri Masamune , Willott Chris , Akhlaghi Mohammad , Akiyama Masayuki , Coupon Jean , Kashikawa Nobunari , Komiyama Yutaka , Konno Akira , Lin Lihwai , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Miyazaki Satoshi , Nagao Tohru , Nakajima Kimihiko , Silverman John , Tanaka Masayuki , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Wang Shiang-Yu 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We study the UV luminosity functions (LFs) at z ∼ 4, 5, 6, and 7 based on the deep large-area optical images taken by the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program (SSP). On the 100 deg2 sky of the HSC SSP data available to date, we take enormous samples consisting of a total of 579565 dropout candidates at z ∼ 4–7 by the standard color selection technique, 358 out of which are spectroscopically confirmed by our follow-up spectroscopy and other studies. We obtain UV LFs at z ∼ 4–7 that span a very wide UV luminosity range of ∼0.002–100$\, L_{\rm UV}^\ast$ (−26 &lt; MUV &lt; −14 mag) by combining LFs from our program and the ultra-deep Hubble Space Telescope legacy surveys. We derive three parameters of the best-fit Schechter function, ϕ*, $M_{\rm UV}^{\,\ast}$, and α, of the UV LFs in the magnitude range where the active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution is negligible, and find that α and ϕ* decrease from z ∼ 4 to 7 with no significant evolution of $M_{\rm UV}^{\,\ast}$. Because our HSC SSP data bridge the LFs of galaxies and AGNs with great statistical accuracy, we carefully investigate the bright end of the galaxy UV LFs that are estimated by the subtraction of the AGN contribution either aided by spectroscopy or the best-fit AGN UV LFs. We find that the bright end of the galaxy UV LFs cannot be explained by the Schechter function fits at &gt;2 σ significance, and require either double power-law functions or modified Schechter functions that consider a magnification bias due to gravitational lensing.
Identification of Indirect Effects in a Cognitive Patient Education (COPE) Intervention for Low Back Pain
Authors: Mansell Gemma , Storheim Kjersti , Løchting Ida , Werner Erik L. , Grotle Margreth 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundMany interventions for the treatment of low back pain exist, but the mechanisms through which such treatments work are not always clear. This situation is especially true for biopsychosocial interventions that incorporate several different components and methods of delivery.ObjectiveThe study objective was to examine the indirect effects of the Cognitive Patient Education (COPE) intervention via illness perceptions, back pain myths, and pain catastrophizing on disability outcome.DesignThis study was a secondary analysis of the COPE randomized controlled trial.MethodsMediation analysis techniques were employed to examine the indirect effects of the COPE intervention via residualized change (baseline – posttreatment) in the 3 variables hypothesized to be targeted by the COPE intervention on posttreatment disability outcome. Pain intensity at baseline, pain duration, clinician type, and a treatment-mediator interaction term were controlled for in the analysis.ResultsPreliminary analyses confirmed that changes in pain catastrophizing and illness perceptions (not back pain myths) were related to both allocation to the intervention arm and posttreatment disability score. The treatment exerted statistically significant indirect effects via changes in illness perceptions and pain catastrophizing on posttreatment disability score (illness perceptions standardized indirect effect = 0.09 [95% CI = 0.03 to 0.16]; pain catastrophizing standardized indirect effect = 0.05 [95% CI = 0.01 to 0.12]). However, the inclusion of an interaction term led to the indirect effects being significantly reduced, with the effects no longer being statistically significant.LimitationsThis study presents a secondary analysis of variables not identified a priori as being potentially important treatment targets; other, unmeasured factors could also be important in explaining treatment effects.ConclusionsThe finding that small indirect effects of the COPE intervention via changes in illness perceptions and pain catastrophizing on posttreatment disability could be estimated indicates that these variables may be viable treatment targets for biopsychosocial interventions; however, this finding must be viewed in light of the adjusted analyses, which showed that the indirect effects were significantly reduced through the inclusion of a treatment-mediator interaction term.
Program synthesis: challenges and opportunities
Authors: David Cristina , Kroening Daniel 
Published: September 2017

Program synthesis is the mechanized construction of software, dubbed ‘self-writing code’. Synthesis tools relieve the programmer from thinking about how the problem is to be solved; instead, the programmer only provides a description of what is to be achieved. Given a specification of what the program should do, the synthesizer generates an implementation that provably satisfies this specification. From a logical point of view, a program synthesizer is a solver for second-order existential logic. Owing to the expressiveness of second-order logic, program synthesis has an extremely broad range of applications. We survey some of these applications as well as recent trends in the algorithms that solve the program synthesis problem. In particular, we focus on an approach that has raised the profile of program synthesis and ushered in a generation of new synthesis tools, namely counter-example-guided inductive synthesis (CEGIS). We provide a description of the CEGIS architecture, followed by recent algorithmic improvements. We conjecture that the capacity of program synthesis engines will see further step change, in a manner that is transparent to the applications, which will open up an even broader range of use-cases.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Verified trustworthy software systems’.
Draft genome of the Eutardigrade Milnesium tardigradum sheds light on ecdysozoan evolution
Authors: Bemm Felix , Burleigh Laura , Förster Frank , Schmucki Roland , Ebeling Martin , Janzen Christian J. , Dandekar Thomas , Schill Ralph O. , Certa Ulrich , Schultz Jörg 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTardigrades are among the most stress tolerant animals and survived even unassisted exposure to space in low earth orbit. Still, the adaptations leading to these unusual physiological features remain unclear. Even the phylogenetic position of this phylum within the Ecdysozoa is unclear. Complete genome sequences might help to address these questions as genomic adaptations can be revealed and phylogenetic reconstructions can be based on new markers. Here, we present a first draft genome of a species from the family Milnesiidae, namelyMilnesium tardigradum. We consistently placeM. tardigradumand the two previously sequenced Hypsibiidae species,Hypsibius dujardiniandRamazzottius varieornatus, as sister group of the nematodes with the arthropods as outgroup. Based on this placement, we identify a massive gene loss thus far attributed to the nematodes which predates their split from the tardigrades. We provide a comprehensive catalog of protein domain expansions linked to stress response and show that previously identified tardigrade-unique proteins are erratically distributed across the genome ofM. tardigradum. We further suggest alternative pathways to cope with high stress levels that are yet unexplored in tardigrades and further promote the phylum Tardigrada as a rich source of stress protection genes and mechanisms.