bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, Big Lake, Mn, 1995
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Miller Jennifer 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A trial was established in an irrigated commercial potato field adjacent to a commercial planting of a NatureMark NewLeafⓇ field. Plots were 4-36 inch rows by 25’ in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied on 8 & 26 June and 8 July using a CO2 hand held sprayer. Total material per acre was approximately 20 gal applied using 40 psi. CPB populations were very high at this site and late readings are confused by non-random feeding. Yields were not taken.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control With Foliar Sprays 11, 1995
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted on 25 Apr and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Seven treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a RCB design. Individual treatment plots were 4 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5 ft alleyways separating the plots. Treatment sprays were broadcast applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (30 psi) and delivering 20 gal finished spray per acre (four, 10X hollow cone nozzles). On a weekly basis, beginning 5 Jul, egg masses, small larvae (1-2 instar), large larvae (3-4 instar) and adult beetles were counted, and percent defoliation estimates were made from whole plant inspections of the center 5 hills of the middle 2 plot rows. On 5 Jul a pre-count of all Colorado potato beetle (CPB) life stages was taken and all treatment applications were made. A second application of Kryocide and M-Trak were made on 12 Jul. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple means comparison.
Adios and Conventional Insecticides for Striped Cucumber Beetle Control in Cucurbits, 1995
Authors: Burkness E. C. , Hutchison W. D. , O’Rourke P. K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in a commercially grown field of pumpkin managed by Owatonna Canning Co., Steele County, Minnesota. The cultivar ‘Buckskin’ was planted 17 May. Plots consisted of three 25 ft (7.62 m) rows on 5 ft (1.52 m) centers. Plant spacing was 18 inches (0.46 m). Treatments were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. All three rows were treated and counts were taken from the middle row. Treatments were applied once (12 Jun) with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer fitted with a XR- or DG-Teejet 8002 flat fan nozzle. For each nozzle, the sprayer was calibrated to deliver 25 gpa (233.8 1/ha) at 35 psi (242 kPa). Adios, a cucurbitacin bait treatment, contained 13% carbaryl. Two formulations of Adios, micro-encapsulated (B) and ribbon extruded (P), were applied with both nozzle types, XR and DG. Percent infestation and insect counts were taken 13 Jun (1 DAT), 16 Jun (4 DAT), and 19 Jun (7 DAT). SCB was the dominant insect pest present in the plots on all sample dates. Count and percentage data were transformed by x+0.5 and arcsin (x), respectively.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1994
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 8 Aug, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 19, 27 Sept, 3, 10, 18, 26 Oct, 2, and 7 Nov. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 60 gpa for the first application, 90 gpa the next two applications, and 120 gpa for the remaining applications using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #45 core. Tributyrin was applied at 150 gm/gal on the first application, was not applied on the next two applications, and was applied at 15 gm/gal on the last five applications. On 31 Oct, the numbers of ‘Liriomyza’ spp. leafmines and the number of southern armyworm larvae were counted by two persons in whole plant searchs of 1 min and 30 sec, respectively, and counts of both persons were totalled. Fruit were harvested on 18, 31 Oct and 14 Nov. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae were determined.
Alfalfa Weevil Control In Alfalfa, 1995
Authors: Shields E. J. , Taylor P. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 25 ft X 25 ft were established in a 2-yrold field of alfalfa ‘Pioneer 5333’ alfalfa in the vegetative state located in Ithaca, N.Y. Soils were silt loam. Five treatments and one untreated check were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied on 1 Jun with a CO2 pressurized ATV-mounted, eight nozzle spray boom which spanned 12 ft. The sprayer delivered 32 gal/acre at 60 psi and an ATV speed of 3.5 mi/hr. AW density was evaluated 1 d pretreatment and 7 and 14 DAT by collecting 10 stems per plot and counting the total number of larvae collected per plot. Damage incidence for each 10 stem sample was recorded. On 4 DAT, AW density was evaluated only in the check plots. Data for all plot samplings were expressed as mean AW/stem.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola, Roseau, Mn, 1995
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Oelke Ervin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Hybrid Canola seed was obtained from Zeneca Seeds, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Gustafson, Inc. Piano, TX, treated two portions of the seed each with a different rate of Gaucho 480F. Granular Furadan 10CR and Counter 5G were mixed with the seed prior to planting. Plots were 5 ft X 20 ft, were arranged in a RCB design replicated 4 times. Plots were planted on 24 May.
Corn Wireworm Control in No-Tillage Corn, 1995
Authors: All J. N. , Buntin G. D. , Gardner W. A. , Harrison R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Soil insecticides were tested in no-tillage corn planted with a Cole® no-till planter on 16 May at the University of Georgia, Mountain Branch Station near Blairsville GA. A RCBD with 5 replicates was used with plots 25 ft X 4 rows wide at 36 inch row width. Granular insecticides were either applied in a 7-inch wide band over the row or in the seed furrow on the day of planting. Soil type was Hayesville sandy clay loam, at pH 6.0 and 18% O.D. moisture content at planting time. All plants in the middle two rows of each plot were examined for injury at 23, 44, and 64 DAT. On 23 DAT 33 plants were excavated and 14 wireworm larvae were collected for identification in the laboratory.
Eetle Emergence From Plots Treated with Insecticides to Control Corn Rootworm Larvae in South Dakota, 1995
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sites near Aurora and Lake Andes, SD were chosen to evaluate Furadan 4F applied post-emergence to corn in comparison of at-plant applications and standard granular insecticide compounds. Insecticide treatments included at-planting applications (Counter 15G, Furadan 15G, and Lorsban 15G) using a 7 to 9 inch band, and Furadan 4F broadcast applied post-emergence at cultivation. All treatments were made at 1.0 lb(AI)/acre. Experimental design was a RCB replicated 4 times. Individual treatment plots consisted of single 50 ft long rows spaced 38 inches apart. Insecticide granules were applied with modified, ground-driven Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. At-plant granular treatments were banded in front of the furrow-closing wheels, and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. Collection of these beetles were made weekly throughout the July and August peak emergence period. Data were analyzed using SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure with total emergence (per cage) means compared with DMRT.
Seedcorn Maggot Control, 1995
Authors: Oleson J. D. , McNutt J. J. , Pruisner R. D. , Rose R. I. , Tollefson J. J. , Wang X. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seed treatments and planting-time insecticides were tested in a loam soil at Ames, IA. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to 20-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. To attract ovipositing flies, a meat-and-bone meal bait was applied to shallow, hand-made furrows. A twenty-foot section of 1.5-inch angle iron was filled with meat-and-bone meal and then leveled, leaving a small amount of bait (ca. 0.33 oz per row-ft) evenly distributed in the bottom of the angle iron. The angle iron was positioned directly above the open seed furrow and inverted. Bait was placed in furrows 24 Apr and corn seeds were hand planted (8-inch seed spacing) directly into the bait on 28 Apr. Granular insecticide treatments were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a small-plot bicycle applicator. Seeds were covered with soil and the soil firmed by hand. On 24 May, stand counts were taken from 14.6 ft of row and the seeds/seedlings from two, 1-m sections of row were inspected for seedcorn maggot feeding and rated on the following 1-4 damage scale: (1) seed/seedling undamaged, (2) seed/ seedling damaged, but plant established, (3) seed/seedling damaged, plant showing some signs of stress, (4) seed/seedling damaged, no plant or questionable establishment. On 26 May, 1 adult emergence trap was placed over each row that had received a granular insecticide treatment. Seed-treatment rows were excluded from the adult emergence analysis. The galvanized steel trap, a rectangular bottomless box, had the following dimensions: length 1.0 m, width 0.2 m, and height 0.1 m. Fastened to the top of each trap were two 0.25-liter Mason jars with Tack Trap® applied to the inside bottom. On 6 Jun, the number of seedcorn maggot adults were counted in the collections jars.
Evaluation of Biological Alternatives for Early Season Tobacco Budworm Control in Southern North Carolina, 1995
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 4 May in a Norfolk loamy sand on 38-inch rows near Laurel Hill in southeastern NC. Recommended practices for fertility and weed management were followed, and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G used at planting for thrips control. Plots were 40 ft X 6 rows, with 10-ft alleys and 4 replications arranged in a RCBD. The entire test was oversprayed with 1.0 lb (AI)/acre Orthene 75S on 7 Jun to encourage TBW establishment via destruction of beneficial arthropods. All applications were applied with a CO2-pressurized back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gpa at 50 psi with a single Spraying Systems TX-8 hollow cone nozzle per row. The Ovasyn plots were sprayed on 7, 14 and 21 Jun and the Design plus Ovasyn and the Larvin treatment was sprayed on 14 and 21 Jun. On 26 Jun, all squares and terminals from one of the treatments were removed by hand. A second removal treatment consisted of the 3 earliest squares being removed from each plant on 7 Jul. On 26 Jun, 25 terminals from each plot were examined for TBW eggs, terminal damage from TBW and live larvae. No squares were present at this relatively late date and thus were not sampled. On 31 Jul, the number of white blooms and bolls was counted for 15 ft for each plot per replicate (60 ft total per treatment). As an index of maturity, on 25 Oct the number of green and opened boll from 15 row ft were counted for each plot. The test was harvested with a 2-row John Deere mechanical harvester on 18 Oct.
Control of Foliage Feeding Pests in Cotton, 1995
Authors: Burris Gene , Cook Don , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. , Pankey J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were 4 rows wide (40-in spacing) X 65ft. ‘Stoneville LA 887’ cotton seed was planted 19 May on a Commerce silt loam soil which was sidedressed with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere model 7300 series planter equipped with standard seed hoppers. All plots received 0.5 lb (AI) Temik 15G and 1.0 lb (AI) Terraclor 2E + 0.05 lb (AI)/acre Ridomil 2E at planting. Foliar treatments were applied with a JD600 Hi-cycle equipped with a CO2 charged spray system through two TX-12 hollow cone tips per row and calibrated to deliver 10 gpa finished spray. Foliar treatments were applied on 2, 8, 12, and 25 Aug. Twenty-five squares and 25 plant terminals from the 2 center rows were examined for eggs, BW/TBW larvae and damage, BAW, and boll weevil damage on 3, 11, 16, and 29 Aug. Plots were harvested on 12 Oct. The center 2 rows of the plots were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields are converted to lb seed cotton/acre.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Tarnished Plant Bugs on Seedling Cotton, 1995
Authors: Pankey J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted 11 May into plots consisting of 2 rows (40 inch centers) X 25 ft at the Macon Ridge Location of the Northeast Research Station. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 3 replications. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through TeeJet TVS 8001 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 38 psi. The cotton plants were in the pre-square development stage and averaged 5-6 nodes at the time of treatment. Cotton seedlings were infested with tarnished plant bug adults at 2 h after treatment and again at 3 DAT by placing the insects in nylon mesh cages, and then securing the cage over the plant terminal. Two cages (1 per plant) were placed in each plot with each cage containing 5 tarnished plant bugs. Mortality of tarnished plant bugs was recorded 2 d after the plants were infested. No rainfall was recorded during this test. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Control of Tarnished Plant Bugs in Cotton with Selected Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Pankey J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments were evaluated against tarnished plant bugs in cotton at the Macon Ridge Location of the Northeast Research Station. Cottonseed was planted 1 May in 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 7 Jul with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through TeeJet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 46 psi. Treatments were evaluated 3, 5, and 7 DAT by sampling the plots with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net. Also, to estimate actual mortality values for the treatments, field-collected tarnished plant bug adults were caged on 5 plants within each plot at 4 DAT. Five adults were introduced into a small nylon mesh cage which was placed over the plant terminal. Mortality of caged tarnished plant bugs was recorded 2 d after infestation (6 DAT). No rainfall was recorded during the test. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Thrips Control in Peanuts, North Carolina, 1995
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
At-plant, in-furrow applied insecticides were evaluated for tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) control at the Peanut Belt Research Station in Lewiston-Woodville, NC. NC-7 variety peanuts were planted on 36 inch rows on 8 May at approximately 100 lb of seed/acre. Soil temperature was 74°F and the soil was moist. The humic matter was 1.1% and soil pH was 5.4. Soil series consisted of Rains + Goldsboro sandy loam. Prowl and Vernam were used for early season weed control. Plots were 2 rows wide by 50 ft long and each plot was separated by 2 buffer rows. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replicates. Plot ends were separated by 5 ft barren strip. Peanuts were planted using Cole® planter and in-furrow treatments were placed in the furrow with seed using electric Gandy® boxes. The in-furrow application of Orthene 75S was applied by mounting spray nozzles directly behind the seed tube and connecting these to a CO2 sprayer on the planter. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi delivering approx. 30 gpa. Foliar treatments of Orthene were applied on 30 May by using a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi delivering approx. 30 gpa and using 8003 flat fan nozzles. Peanuts were managed under standard agronomic practices. Thrips control was evaluated by determining the abundance of damaged leaflets per plot on 30 May and 20 Jun. Twenty-five, newly opened leaflets per plot were randomly selected and examined for thrips damage. In addition, thrips control was evaluated by collecting ten unopened leaflets per plot on 9 Jun. Samples were placed in vials of alcohol and returned to the laboratory where the number of adults and larvae were counted. Larvae counts were used as the basis for control since they provide a better indicator of efficacy than do the more mobile adults. All data were transformed (square root of X + 0.50) prior to ANOVA and DNMRT. Actual means are presented in tables.
Effect of Leafspot Fungicides on Twospotted Spider Mite in Virginia Peanut, 1995
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected fungicides were evaluated for effect on TSSM in cv. ‘NC-V 11’ Virginia-type peanut in Isle of Wight, VA. Comite 6, known to be efficacious against mites, was included for comparison. Peanuts were planted on 6 May using a 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were applied on 28 Jul and again on 11 Aug using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three D2-13 disc-core hollow cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top and 1 on each side. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 20 ft. Treatments were evaluated on 28, 31 Jul and on 3, 7, 11, 16 and 22 Aug by comparing the number of live mites in a 1.5 cm diam area on 2 randomly selected leaflets per plot. Mite counts were made in the field using lOx magnification lenses. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures. Cumulative mite-days (CMD) were calculated for each treatment over the entire test period using Σ(Xi+1 - Xi)[(Yi + Yi+1)/2], where Xi and Xi+1 are adjacent sample dates and Yi and Yi+1 are corresponding points of mean mite number per leaflet.
Evaluation of the Fungus Beauveria Bassiana with Selected Insecticide Stressors for Control of Unconfined Rangeland Grasshoppers, 1995
Authors: Foster R. N. , Reuter K. C. , Black L. , Britton J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Mycotrol GH oil formulation of Beauveria bassiana and 4 insecticide stressors (Dimilin, Sevin 4-Oil, Orthene and Fyfanon) were each aerially applied to 10 acre plots of rangeland approximately 5 miles SSW of Bayard, NE, on 8-9 Jul. Stressors (sub-lethal doses of grasshopper-active insecticides used to weaken the target insect) were formulated at 0.1 to 0.01 of the usual recommended dose with spores of B. bassiana. All treatments were applied at a volume of one gpa (oil diluent) with a Cessna Ag-Truck aircraft equipped with 8006 flat fan nozzle tips operating at 40 psi and 120 mph and an assigned swath width of 100 ft. Plot boundaries were separated from one another by 100 yd. An untreated plot was included in the study for comparison. Grasshopper densities were estimated by counting grasshoppers in 0.1 m2 rings (4 rows of 10) located in the center of each quadrant of each plot. At each evaluation site, rings were separated from each other by 5 yd. Grasshopper counts were taken at 0, 5, 8, 11 and 14 DAT. Species and age composition of the grasshopper populations was determined at each plot by taking a sweep net sample comprised of 200 sweeps from the southwest quadrant. The above species were predominantly in the 3rd through 5th instar stages of development and comprised 44.1%, 21.4%, 9.3% and 6.9% of the grasshopper population, respectively, listed above. Data were recorded as surviving grasshoppers/site, 4 sites/treatment and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with tied ranks.
Evaluation of Insecticide Application Timing on Sorghum Midge Injury to Grain Sorghum, 1995
Authors: Castro B. A. , Riley T. J. , Rodriguez O. I. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The test was conducted at the Macon Ridge Location of the Northeast Research Station in Franklin Parish, LA. Plots (28 ft X 8 rows) were planted on a Gigger-Gilbert silt loam on 15 Jun in a RCB design with 5 replications. Karate 1EC at 0.02 lb (AI)/acre was applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 9.3 gpa at 46 psi and 3.3 mph through TX-8 hollow-cone nozzles (2/row). Application timing for each treatment was determined by selecting and tagging 20 plants from the 2 center rows before spraying. For the 50% and 90% panicle emergence treatments, 10 and 18 plants, respectively, had panicles completely emerged with no open flowers. For the 20, 50 and 90% flowering treatments, 4, 10 and 18 of 20 tagged plants per plot, respectively, had flowering panicles. A panicle was considered to be flowering when the upper 25% portion had open spikelets. Treatments were applied on 28 Jul for the 50 and 90% panicle emergence and on 31 Jul for the 20, 50 and 90% panicle flowering. Sorghum midge damage to seed heads was evaluated on 24 Aug by estimating percent blasted kernels on each tagged plant. Sorghum seed yields were obtained on 8 Sep by manually harvesting panicles from the 20 tagged plants and by mechanically harvesting the entire 2 center rows in each plot.
Evaluation of Selected Hopper Box and Insecticide Treatments for Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant in Grain Sorghum, 1995
Authors: Castro B. A. , Riley T. J. , Rodriguez O. I. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected hopper box and insecticide treatments were evaluated for management of the RIFA in no-till sorghum at the Macon Ridge Location of the Northeast Research Station in Franklin Parish, LA. Grain sorghum was planted no-till with a John Deere 7300 planter into a bermuda grass sod containing a high density of RIFA mounds. The test was planted on 19 May in a RCB design with 4-row plots (13.33 ft X 15 ft) and 4 replications. Lorsban, Admire and Furadan were applied as in-furrow sprays at planting (IFSAP) with a CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 5 gpa at 35 psi through 8002E flat fan nozzles (1/row). Lorsban was also applied as pre-emergence surface spray (PRE) immediately post-plant with a CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 35 psi through 8001 flat fan nozzles (1/row) in a band 20 inches wide over the row center. Other treatments were applied either as in-furrow granules at planting (IFGAP), T-banded granules at planting (T-BAND) or seed treatments (SEEDT). RIFA densities were estimated on 29 May by placing an unruled index card (3X5 inches) baited with peanut butter in each plot and recording the number of ants attracted after 2 h. Plant population densities were recorded on 15 Jun by sampling the 2 center rows. Plant heights were estimated on 15 Jun by measuring 20 plants in each plot. Intra-row skips between plants were recorded on 15 Jun by counting the number of skips &gt; 12 inches in the 2 center rows. Sorghum seed yields were obtained on 9 Aug from the 2 center rows of each plot.
Evaluation of Selected Experimental and Standard Insecticides Against Soybean Looper and Beet Armyworm in Northeast La, 1995
Authors: Mascarenhas R. N. , Fitzpatrick B. J. , Boethel D. J. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A field trial was conducted at the Macon Ridge Location, Northeast Research Station, located near Winnsboro (Franklin Parish). Plots were 50 ft long by 5 rows (40 inch row spacing) and arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates. Insecticides were applied using a tractor mounted compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 35 psi through TX12 hollow cone nozzles (2 per row). Insecticide treatments were applied in R5 stage soybeans on 23 Aug. Posttreatment samples (25 sweeps per plot) were taken with a standard 15 inch diam net at 2, 5 and 7 DAT. No rainfall occurred during the experimental period. Plots were irrigated as needed, and moisture was not considered a limiting factor for insecticide efficacy.