bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound and Light Levels Are Similarly Disruptive in ICU and non‐ICU Wards
Authors: Jaiswal Stuti J. , Garcia Solana , Owens Robert L. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDHospitalized patients frequently report poor sleep, partly due to the inpatient environment. In‐hospital sound and light levels are not well described on non‐intensive care unit (non‐ICU) wards. Although non‐ICU wards may have lower average and peak noise levels, sound level changes (SLCs), which are important in disrupting sleep, may still be a substantial problem.OBJECTIVETo compare ambient sound and light levels, including SLCs, in ICU and non‐ICU environments.DESIGNObservational study.SETTINGTertiary‐care hospital.MEASUREMENTSSound measurements of 0.5 Hz were analyzed to provide average hourly sound levels, sound peaks, and SLCs ≥17.5 decibels (dB). For light data, measurements taken at 2‐minute intervals provided average and maximum light levels.RESULTSThe ICU rooms were louder than non‐ICU wards; hourly averages ranged from 56.1 ± 1.3 dB to 60.3 ± 1.7 dB in the ICU, 47.3 ± 3.7 dB to 55.1 ± 3.7 dB on the telemetry floor, and 44.6 ± 2.1 dB to 53.7 ± 3.6 dB on the general ward. However, SLCs ≥ 17.5 dB were not statistically different (ICU, 203.9 ± 28.8 times; non‐ICU, 270.9 ± 39.5; P = 0.11). In both ICU and non‐ICU wards, average daytime light levels were <250 lux, and peak light levels occurred in the afternoon and early evening.CONCLUSIONSQuieter, non‐ICU wards have as many SLCs as ICUs do, which has implications for quality improvement measurements. Efforts to further reduce average noise levels might be counterproductive. Light levels in the hospital (ICU and non‐ICU) may not be optimal for maintenance of a normal circadian rhythm for most people.
Associations of Physician Empathy with Patient Anxiety and Ratings of Communication in Hospital Admission Encounters
Authors: Weiss Rachel , Vittinghoff Eric , Fang Margaret C. , Cimino Jenica E. W. , Chasteen Kristen Adams , Arnold Robert M. , Auerbach Andrew D. , Anderson Wendy G. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDResponding empathically when patients express negative emotion is a recommended component of patient‐centered communication.OBJECTIVETo assess the association between the frequency of empathic physician responses with patient anxiety, ratings of communication, and encounter length during hospital admission encounters.DESIGNAnalysis of coded audio‐recorded hospital admission encounters and pre‐ and postencounter patient survey data.SETTINGTwo academic hospitals.PARTICIPANTSSeventy‐six patients admitted by 27 attending hospitalist physicians.MEASUREMENTSRecordings were transcribed and analyzed by trained coders, who counted the number of empathic, neutral, and nonempathic verbal responses by hospitalists to their patients' expressions of negative emotion. We developed multivariable linear regression models to test the association between the number of these responses and the change in patients' State Anxiety Scale (STAI‐S) score pre‐ and postencounter and encounter length. We used Poisson regression models to examine the association between empathic response frequency and patient ratings of the encounter.RESULTSEach additional empathic response from a physician was associated with a 1.65‐point decline in the STAI‐S anxiety scale (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48‐2.82). Frequency of empathic responses was associated with improved patient ratings for covering points of interest, feeling listened to and cared about, and trusting the doctor. The number of empathic responses was not associated with encounter length (percent change in encounter length per response 1%; 95% CI, ‐8%‐10%).CONCLUSIONSResponding empathically when patients express negative emotion was associated with less patient anxiety and higher ratings of communication but not longer encounter length.
Tools, Clinical Prediction Rules, and Algorithms for the Insertion of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in Adult Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Scoping Review of Literature
Authors: Carr Peter J. , Higgins Niall S. , Cooke Marie L. , Rippey James , Rickard Claire M. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDFirst‐time peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion success is dependent on patient, clinician, and product factors. Failed PIVC insertion are an under‐recognized clinical phenomenon.OBJECTIVETo provide a scoping review of decision aids for PIVC insertion including tools, clinical prediction rules, and algorithms (TRAs) and their findings on factors associated with insertion success.METHODSIn June 2016, a systematic literature search was performed using the medical subject heading of peripheral catheterization and tool* or rule* or algorithm*. Data extraction included clinician, patient, and/or product variables associated with PIVC insertion success. Information about TRA reliability, validity, responsiveness, and utility was also extracted.RESULTSWe screened 36 studies, and included 13 for review. Seven papers reported insertion success ranging from 61%‐90% (4030 insertion attempts), 6 on validity, and 5 on reliability, with none reporting on responsiveness and utility. Failed insertions were associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR], 0.71‐1.7; 2 studies) and smaller gauge PIVCs (OR, 6.4; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 3.4‐11.9). Successful inser tions were associated with visible veins (OR, 0.87‐3.63; 3 studies) or palpable veins (OR, 0.79‐5.05; 3 studies) and inserters with greater procedural volume (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.6‐12.1) or who predicted that insertion would be successful (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.07). Definitions of insertion difficulty are heterogeneous such as time to insert to a number of failed attempts.CONCLUSIONFew well‐validated reliable TRAs exist for PIVC insertion. Patients would benefit from a validated, clinically pragmatic TRA that matches insertion difficulty with clinician competency.
Supporting Tax Policy Change Through Accounting Discretion: Evidence from the 2012 Elections
Authors: Baloria Vishal P. , Klassen Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2017

Some corporations attempt to lessen their tax burden through involvement in the legislative process. We identify firms that contributed to congressional candidates who favor reductions in the U.S. corporate statutory tax rate. This support created a temporary incentive to manage effective tax rates (ETRs) up. We document that these firms increased their reported effective tax rate in the two calendar quarters preceding the 2012 election relative to adjacent periods and other firms supporting candidates in the same election. We find that the variation in upward ETR management is correlated with firm-level proxies for potential reputational costs, capital markets costs, and long-run tax burdens. The variation in upward ETR management is also correlated with firm-candidate-level proxies for strength of relationships and competitiveness of election races. Our findings provide new evidence on accounting choices in support of corporate political activity and on the political cost hypothesis in the tax setting. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2842 . This paper was accepted by Shivaram Rajgopal, accounting.
Death, Bereavement, and Creativity
Authors: Graddy Kathryn , Lieberman Carl 
Published: October 2017

Does creativity, on average, increase or decrease during bereavement? Dates of death of relatives and close friends of 33 French artists and 15 American artists were gathered from electronic sources and biographies, and information on over 15,000 paintings was collected from the Blouin Art Sales Index and the online collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, the National Gallery of Art, the J. Paul Getty Museum, and the Musée d’Orsay, including more than 12,000 observations on price. An event study indicates that there is no evidence that the death of a friend or relative makes an artist more creative, and there is some evidence that prices of paintings are significantly lower during the first year following the year of death of a friend or relative. Furthermore, paintings that were created during this bereavement period are less likely to be included in a major museum’s collection. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2850 . This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Patient Triage and Prioritization Under Austere Conditions
Authors: Sun Zhankun , Argon Nilay Tanık , Ziya Serhan 
Published: October 2017

In war zones and economically deprived regions, because of extreme resource restrictions, a single provider may be the sole person in charge of providing emergency care to a group of patients. An important question the provider faces under such circumstances is whether or not to perform triage and how to prioritize the patients. By choosing to triage a particular patient, the provider can determine the health condition and thus the urgency of the patient, but that will come at the expense of delaying the actual service (stabilization or initial treatment) for that patient as well as all the other patients. Motivated by this problem, which also arises in other service contexts, we consider a service system where finitely many patients, all available at time zero, belong to one of the two possible triage classes, where each class is characterized by its waiting cost and expected service time. Patients’ class identities are initially unknown, but the service provider has the option to spend time on triage to determine the class of a patient. Our objective is to identify policies that balance the time spent on triage with the time spent on service by minimizing the total expected cost. We provide a complete characterization of the optimal dynamic policy and show that the optimal dynamic policy that specifies when to perform triage is determined by a switching curve, and we provide a mathematical expression for this curve. One insight that comes out of this characterization is that the server should start with performing triage when there are sufficiently many patients and never perform triage when there are few patients. Finally, we carry out a numerical study in which we demonstrate how one can use our mathematical results to develop policies that can be used in mass-casualty triage and prioritization, and we find that there are substantial benefits to using one of these policies instead of the simpler benchmarks. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2855 . This paper was accepted by Assaf Zeevi, stochastic models and simulation.
Human Toxicity Caused by Indole and Indazole Carboxylate Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists: From Horizon Scanning to Notification
Authors: Hill Simon L , Dunn Michael , Cano Céline , Harnor Suzannah J , Hardcastle Ian R , Grundlingh Johann , Dargan Paul I , Wood David M , Tucker Simon , Bartram Thomas , Thomas Simon H L 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The emergence of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), particularly synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA), has involved hundreds of potentially harmful chemicals in a highly dynamic international market challenging users', clinicians', and regulators' understanding of what circulating substances are causing harm. We describe a toxicovigilance system for NPS that predicted the UK emergence and identified the clinical toxicity caused by novel indole and indazole carboxylate SCRA.

METHODS
To assist early accurate identification, we synthesized 5 examples of commercially unavailable indole and indazole carboxylate SCRA (FUB-NPB-22, 5F-NPB-22, 5F-SDB-005, FUB-PB-22, NM-2201). We analyzed plasma and urine samples from 160 patients presenting to emergency departments with severe toxicity after suspected NPS use during 2015 to 2016 for these and other NPS using data-independent LC-MS/MS.

RESULTS
We successfully synthesized 5 carboxylate SCRAs using established synthetic and analytical chemistry methodologies. We identified at least 1 SCRA in samples from 49 patients, including an indole or indazole carboxylate SCRA in 17 (35%), specifically 5F-PB-22 (14%), FUB PB-22 (6%), BB-22 (2%), 5F NPB-22 (20%), FUB NPB-22 (2%), and 5F-SDB-005 (4%). In these 17 patients, there was analytical evidence of other substances in 16. Clinical features included agitation and aggression (82%), reduced consciousness (76%), acidosis (47%), hallucinations and paranoid features (41%), tachycardia (35%), hypertension (29%), raised creatine kinase (24%), and seizures (12%).

CONCLUSIONS
This toxicovigilance system predicted the emergence of misuse of indole and indazole carboxylate SCRA, documented associated clinical harms, and notified relevant agencies. Toxicity appears consistent with other SCRA, including mental state disturbances and reduced consciousness.
Prospective Validation of a Biomarker-Based Rule Out Strategy for Functionally Relevant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Walter Joan E , Honegger Ursina , Puelacher Christian , Mueller Deborah , Wagener Max , Schaerli Nicolas , Strebel Ivo , Twerenbold Raphael , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Nestelberger Thomas , Sazgary Lorraine , Marbot Stella , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Kaiser Christoph , Osswald Stefan , Wild Damian , Rentsch Katharina , Zellweger Michael , Reichlin Tobias , Mueller Christian 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
This study aimed to prospectively advance a rule-out strategy for functionally significant coronary artery disease (CAD) by use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) from bench to bedside, by application of a 3-step approach: validation in serum, correlation in plasma, and application on a clinical platform.

METHODS
Patients without known CAD referred for rest/stress myocardial perfusion single-photon emission tomography/computer tomography (MPI-SPECT/CT) were assigned to 3 consecutive cohorts: validation, correlation, and application. Functionally relevant CAD was adjudicated with the use of expert interpretation of MPI-SPECT/CT and, if available, coronary angiography. In the validation cohort resting hs-cTnI was measured in serum before stress testing with the research Erenna system, in serum and plasma in the correlation cohort with the research Erenna system, and in plasma in the application cohort with the clinical Clarity system.

RESULTS
Overall, functionally relevant CAD was adjudicated in 21% (304/1478) of patients. In the validation cohort (n = 613), hs-cTnI concentrations were significantly higher in patients with functionally relevant CAD (median 2.8 ng/L vs 1.9 ng/L, P &lt; 0.001) as compared to patients without functionally relevant CAD and allowed a rule out with 95% sensitivity in 14% of patients. In the correlation cohort (n = 606), hs-cTnI concentrations in serum and plasma strongly correlated (Spearman r = 0.921) and had similar diagnostic accuracy as quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.686 vs 0.678, P = 0.425). In the application cohort (n = 555), very low hs-cTnI plasma concentrations (&lt; 0.5 ng/L) ruled out functionally relevant CAD with 95% sensitivity in 10% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS
A single resting plasma hs-cTnI measurement can safely rule out functionally relevant CAD in around 10% of patients without known CAD.
Imputation of Baseline LDL Cholesterol Concentration in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia on Statins or Ezetimibe
Authors: Ruel Isabelle , Aljenedil Sumayah , Sadri Iman , de Varennes Émilie , Hegele Robert A , Couture Patrick , Bergeron Jean , Wanneh Eric , Baass Alexis , Dufour Robert , Gaudet Daniel , Brisson Diane , Brunham Liam R , Francis Gordon A , Cermakova Lubomira , Brophy James M , Ryomoto Arnold , Mancini G B John , Genest Jacques 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most frequent genetic disorder seen clinically and is characterized by increased LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (&gt;95th percentile), family history of increased LDL-C, premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the patient or in first-degree relatives, presence of tendinous xanthomas or premature corneal arcus, or presence of a pathogenic mutation in the LDLR, PCSK9, or APOB genes. A diagnosis of FH has important clinical implications with respect to lifelong risk of ASCVD and requirement for intensive pharmacological therapy. The concentration of baseline LDL-C (untreated) is essential for the diagnosis of FH but is often not available because the individual is already on statin therapy.

METHODS
To validate a new algorithm to impute baseline LDL-C, we examined 1297 patients. The baseline LDL-C was compared with the imputed baseline obtained within 18 months of the initiation of therapy. We compared the percent reduction in LDL-C on treatment from baseline with the published percent reductions.

RESULTS
After eliminating individuals with missing data, nonstandard doses of statins, or medications other than statins or ezetimibe, we provide data on 951 patients. The mean ± SE baseline LDL-C was 243.0 (2.2) mg/dL [6.28 (0.06) mmol/L], and the mean ± SE imputed baseline LDL-C was 244.2 (2.6) mg/dL [6.31 (0.07) mmol/L] (P = 0.48). There was no difference in response according to the patient's sex or in percent reduction between observed and expected for individual doses or types of statin or ezetimibe.

CONCLUSIONS
We provide a validated estimation of baseline LDL-C for patients with FH that may help clinicians in making a diagnosis.
Oxidative stress and cytotoxicity elicited lipid peroxidation in hemocytes of Bombyx mori larva infested with dipteran parasitoid, Exorista bombycis
Authors: Pooja Makwana , Pradeep Appukuttan Nair R. , Hungund Shambhavi P. , Sagar Chandrashekhar , Ponnuvel Kangayam M. , Awasthi Arvind K. , Trivedy Kanika 
Published: October 2017

AbstractParasitization of silkworm,
Prevalence and molecular characterization of bovine Cryptosporidium from dairy cows in Northern Thailand
Authors: Inpankaew Tawin , Jiyipong Tawisa , Sunanta Chainirun , Kengradomkij Chanya , Pinyopanuwat Nongnuch , Jittapalapong Sathaporn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCryptosporidiosis is a common protozoan infection in humans and domestic animals. It is the culprit for significant neonatal morbidity in cattle as well as weight loss and delayed growth, which leads to large economic losses in the farming industry. Furthermore, bovine
Animal level risk factors associated with Babesia and Theileria infections in cattle in Egypt
Authors: Rizk Mohamed Abdo , Salama Akram , El-Sayed Shimaa Abd-El-Salam , Elsify Ahmed , El-ashkar Maged , Ibrahim Hussam , Youssef Mohamed , El-Khodery Sabry 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn present study, blood samples were collected randomly from 439 cows at three main regions of Egypt (northern, central and southern). Molecular diagnosis of
Redescription of the nematode parasites of lizards: Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Heterakidae) from Brazil and Pharyngodon mamillatus (Linstow, 1897) (Pharyngodonidae) from Egypt
Authors: Pereira Felipe B. , Luque José L. , Tavares Luiz E. R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Transovarial persistence of Babesia ovata DNA in a hard tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, in a semi-artificial mouse skin membrane feeding system
Authors: Umemiya-Shirafuji Rika , Hatta Takeshi , Okubo Kazuhiro , Sato Moeko , Maeda Hiroki , Kume Aiko , Yokoyama Naoaki , Igarashi Ikuo , Tsuji Naotoshi , Fujisaki Kozo , Inoue Noboru , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBovine piroplasmosis, a tick-borne protozoan disease, is a major concern for the cattle industry worldwide due to its negative effects on livestock productivity. Toward the development of novel therapeutic and vaccine approaches, tick-parasite experimental models have been established to clarify the development of parasites in the ticks and the transmission of the parasites by ticks. A novel tick-
Myrmicinosporidium durum in Poland: a new location for this fungal ant endoparasite and updated world distribution
Authors: Peral Gema Trigos , Rutkowski Tomasz , Wojtaszyn Grzegorz , Espadaler Xavier 
Published: October 2017

Abstractis an enigmatic fungal parasite of ants with an unclear phylogeny and life cycle. Despite the fact that new records of this fungus have been revealed in the last few years; several countries from Eastern Europe still lack such information. With this study, we reveal the most northerly location of this fungus to date and its first record in Poland a contribution to filling the gaps in data about its European distribution. Additionally, we present an updated compilation of the world distribution of
Relative Comparison of Complex Dynamic Modulus Predictive Models for Non-Conventional Asphalt Concrete Mixtures
Authors: Mensching D. J. , Jeong M. M. , Myers McCarthy L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Because of the widespread use of additives, a revised dynamic modulus (|E*|) predictive approach is needed for the mechanistic–empirical analysis of asphalt pavement designs. The importance of predicting |E*| relates to its use as a sensitive input in the AASHTO Pavement ME Design software. The objective of this study is to evaluate two |E*| predictive models currently used for asphalt mixtures that include non-conventional additives, and to provide recommendations for enhancing prediction capability of the models when these types of materials are used. The focus of the paper is on finding ways to efficiently and accurately generate |E*| inputs for the software when actual pavement response is not measured. Impacts of mixture type, temperature, and binder grade on |E*| predictions are explored. The current software uses three levels of inputs, two of which require key material characteristics to predict |E*| values rather than employing laboratory-measured |E*|. This study shows that for non-conventional mixtures, 53 % of |E*| values predicted by the 2006 Witczak predictive equation (WPE) are greater than values predicted by the 1999 WPE. This trend of over-prediction is observed at both low and high test temperatures. However, the opposite effect exists between the two WPEs at intermediate test temperatures. This research shows that adjusting the original binder type of non-conventional mixtures provides a significant improvement in predictive accuracy for |E*|. The findings of this study provide suggestions for alterations to binders, to adjust the WPE model’s terms for better predictive accuracy, and supplies recommendations to practitioners who use the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software; however, it is still evident that the laboratory measurement of |E*| values is still the preferred approach for generating inputs for the software.
Metallurgical Analysis of Inconel 625 Metallic Gaskets Produced by Centrifugal Casting
Authors: Rivolta B. , Gerosa R. , Tavasci F. , Ori Belometti L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The global demand of materials with high mechanical and corrosion performances is increasing in many engineering fields. Among these materials, nickel alloys and duplex stainless steels have great importance, especially in the oil and gas industry, in which the use of pipes, flanges, and gaskets is very common. In the international standards, much attention is paid to the first two components, but less information is available about the gaskets and their behavior during the tightening operation. The standards generally require a maximum hardness for the gasket, even if this parameter cannot be considered enough to describe the whole plastic behavior of the material. In this experimental work, centrifugal cast Inconel 625 rings, solubilized at 1,180°C, were investigated by hardness, tensile, and compression tests to study the stress–strain behavior in the elastic and plastic fields. Moreover, a wide microstructural survey was performed, and finally, the corrosion resistance of the alloy was studied according to ASTM G48, Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution.