bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BLM Sagebrush Managers Give Feedback on Eight Climate Web Applications
Authors: Brown Melanie , Bachelet Dominique 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Sagebrush ecosystems have endured fragmentation and degradation from multiple disturbances. Climate change poses an additional threat that can exacerbate current stresses. Web-based climate applications can provide information to help land managers prepare for challenges. To develop useful and usable tools for land managers’ needs, the collaboration of scientist, web tool developer, and user is needed. Climate scientists and web tool developers at Conservation Biology Institute (CBI) worked with Oregon and Idaho Bureau of Land Management (BLM) sagebrush land managers assessing managers’ needs and defining criteria for useful and usable web-based climate applications. During phone interviews, land managers evaluated a series of climate-related web applications and provided insight on how future applications can best meet their needs. They identified climate variables associated with their management activities, such as the seasonality of precipitation and temperature. They provided feedback about website accessibility, terminology, climate model description, spatial and temporal scale appropriateness, graphics effectiveness, and general content credibility and consistency. Managers are interested in changes in climate, but also in climate change impacts, such as vegetation shifts. Managers need seasonal and multiannual weather forecasts for routine activities and 10–20-yr climate projections for planning exercises, but currently an information gap exists between available weather forecasts (≤12 months) and climate projections (30-yr averages). It was also found that scientific jargon contributes to misunderstandings and misinterpretation of climate information, and this study confirmed the need for better climate science education, through enhanced explanation and collaborative efforts that promote understanding and use of existing web applications.
Leadership and motivation: a qualitative study of transformational leadership and public service motivation
Authors: Andersen Lotte Bøgh , Bjørnholt Bente , Bro Louise Ladegaard , Holm-Petersen Christina 
Published: September 2016

Transformational leaders work to clarify a vision, share it with their employees and sustain it in the long run, and this is expected to result in increased employee public service motivation (PSM), that is, orientation towards doing good for others and society. Based on 48 in-depth interviews with 16 childcare leaders and 32 of their employees combined with 16 days of observation in these childcare centers, this article investigates the association between transformational leadership and PSM. When the leaders clarify, share and maintain an organizational vision, their employees are more motivated to do good for society and others, and this motivation tends to be less paternalistic and slightly more society-oriented. This implies that it is relevant to ask not only whether transformational leadership increases PSM, but also how it affects the type of PSM. Points for practitioners Transformational leadership happens when leaders strive to develop a vision for the organization, share the vision with the employees and sustain the employees’ attention to the vision. Transformational leadership seems to increase PSM and make employees less paternalistic and more focused on contributing to society.
Compounding under Varying Interest Rates
Authors: Mampilly Paul 
Published: September 2016

The arithmetic of investment analysis presently in use presumes that cash flows generated by an investment are capable of earning successively period after period at a uniform rate throughout the chosen time horizon. This presumption may work out only rarely, for the rates of reinvestment available in one period may vary from those in another and. due to size constraints on opportunities, the rates of reinvestments may be different even during the same period. There is, therefore, a need to establish methods by which cash flows can be priced when reinvestment opportunities offer varying rates. This paper suggests a method of pricing the cash flows where rate of potential earning varies over time while the size of opportunity at any one point of time can be taken as large enough to accommodate the flows available then. The model developed in the paper offers, incidentally, a simple computational process to the bankers who have to compound interest accruals on deposits at interest rates varying with maturity.
Studies on Indian Bureaucracy
Authors: Dayal Ishwar 
Published: September 2016

This article reviews 11 titles published on Indian bureaucracy between 1971 and 1975, covering the following five themes: 1) background, attitudes, values, and motives of senior civil servants, 2) their reaction to specific situations, 3) relation between the politicians and the administrators, 4) district organization, and 5) formulation of developmental policies. The books reviewed here are based on empirical or field studies or those which have used primary data for analysis. Only those books that have been sent for review by the publishers on the request of the editors have been included. The review excludes the experiences of civil servants and the reports of committees and commissions, which are so important and numerous and large that each would require a separate review.
Authority in Work Organizations
Authors: Kakar Sudhir 
Published: September 2016

Authority can 63 defined as a relationship between two individuals—superior and subordinate. The superiority and subordinacy lies not in individual characters but in the organizational hierarchy. Ideologies of authority can be divided into three categories: (1) parental ideologies; (2) professional ideologies; and (3) fraternal ideologies. The author finds that in Indian work organizations parental ideologies in general and the assertive superior in particular dominate authority relations. He concludes that no simple statement about the work behaviour of subordinates in different types of authority relationships can be made since it is a function of several variables.
Issues and Dilemmas in Education Systems
Authors: Khan Mir Zahiruddin Ali 
Published: September 2016

Several issues and dilemmas confront the education systems in India. Official and non-official views represent a wide spectrum of opinions with hardly any impact on the systems. The author reviews three books on the subject under five aspects: 1) objectives of education; 2) course content; 3) structure of the education systems; 4) decision-making process; and 5) motivation. Matthai, Ravi; Pareek, Udai; and Rao, T.V. (eds.), Institution-Building in Education and Research: From Stagnation to Self Renewal (New Delhi: All India Management Association, 1977). Mehta, Prayag, Managing Motivation in Education (Ahmedabad: Sahitya Mudranalaya, 1976). Sundaram, P.S.; and Shah, A. B, Education or Catastrophy (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1976).
Evaluation of Training
Authors: Pareek Udai 
Published: September 2016

Though a good amount of money is spent on training, very little attention is paid to evaluation of training. This paper reviews some of the recent publications on this vital issue. Books Reviewed Anderson, S.B.; Ball, S.; and Murphy, R.T., Encyclopedia of Educational Evaluation: Concepts and Techniques for Evaluating Education and Training Programs (San Francisco: Jossey Press, 1975). Hamblin, A.C., Evaluation and Control of Training (London: McGraw-Hill, 1974). Kirkpatrick, Donald L.(ed.), Evaluating Training Programs (Madison: American Society for Training and Development, 1975). Tracey, William R., Evaluating Training and Development Systems (New York: American Management Association, 1968). Training Evaluation System: Branch Manager Programme�A Study on the Impact of Training on Branch Managers (Hyderabad: State Bank Staff College, n.d.). Warr, Peter; Bird, Michad; and Rackham, Neil, Evaluation of Management Training (London: Grower Press, 1970). Whitelaw, Malt The Evaluation of Training: A Review (London: Institute of Personnel Management 1978).
Depreciation and Replacement Cost
Authors: Gupta Ramesh 
Published: September 2016

The sharp rise in prices in recent years has stirred up a brisk debate on the meaning and measurement of business income. In computing income, costs of labour and material are generally reflected in current prices, but the provision made for depreciation is generally not sufficient to replace fixed assets. This paper investigates various approaches to the oroblem of providing sufficient depreciation allowance in measuring income. The relationship between written down value and the straight line inflation adjusted method of providing depreciation has been examined. Simulation technique has been used to illustrate the problem and pertinent policy implications of the use of various depreciation methods have been highlighted.
Predicting New Product Success: Role of Product Category Related Perceptual Variables
Authors: Mehta Subhash C. , Pandya Anil M. 
Published: September 2016

Which new products a firm should introduce is a question of considerable importance. It is now well known that new products are difficult to introduce and often fail to to take off. It is also observed that, in certain categories, it is easier to enter the market with new products, while establishing them in other categories poses serious difficulties. This paper is concerned with the decision-making processes of consumers when faced with a new brand situation in a familiar product category. It relates intention to buy a new brand with a number of different perceptual variables regarding the product category and compares these relations across different product categories.
Frontiers of management research abroad
Authors: Tyagi Suman B. 
Published: September 2016

“The whole in a nutshell!” That is Frontiers of management research abroad. To expose Indian readers to management research abroad we present in this new feature jargon free summaries of recent research published in some of the world's leading management journals. These capsule summaries would, we hope, induce the enthusiastic readers to still wider reading. And also, to contribute to this feature themselves. Readers are requested to give detailed information regarding the article condensed such as its publication details etc., to Professor Samir Barua. •
MNCs from LDCs: The case of Indian joint ventures abroad*
Authors: Balakrishnan K. 
Published: September 2016

Though Indian joint ventures are of recent origin, and the initial failure rate is high, they are gradually being recognized by the Government of India and Indian businessmen as powerful instruments to secure a foothold in world markets. Many proposals, however, went abortive for lack of a long term strategic outlook on the part of either the entrepreneurs or the respective governments. In this set up, the author discusses how public policy in India and abroad seems to have provided a push to India's overseas investment efforts. But this is not enough. And Balakrishnan delineates how and what Indian investors abroad must do to succeed in their ventures. For this, viable strategies must be evolved to identify and exploit our long term opportunities. To facilitate this process, he gives a simple conceptual framework of the product market scope for Indian joint ventures abroad.
Diagnostic
Authors: Manikutty S. 
Published: September 2016

In this feature a caseiet with rich policy implications is presented to a panel of academics and practitioners. The panelists diagnose the problem or problems, analyse their causes and make policy-level recommendations that go beyond the immediate situation presented in the case. Readers are requested to send interesting caselets for possible use by Vikaipa. Kindly send three copies to the Editor, VikaJpa.
Diagnostic
Authors: Rangarajan T. 
Published: September 2016

In this feature a caselet with rich policy implications is presented to a panel of academics and practitioners. The panelists diagnose the problem or problems, analyse their causes and make policy-level recom mendations that go beyond the immediate situation presented in the case. Readers are requested to send interesting caselets for possible use by Vikalpa. Kindly send three copies to the Editor, Vikalpa.
Frontiers of management research abroad
Authors: Keith D'Souza , Subramanian S. 
Published: September 2016

“The whole in a nutshell!” That is Frontiers of management research abroad. To expose Indian readers to management research abroad we present in this feature jargon free summaries of recent research published in some of the world's leading management journals. These capsule summaries would, we hope, induce the enthusiastic readers to still wider reading. And also,to contribute to this feature themselves. Readers are requested to give detailed information regarding the article condensed such as its publication details, etc., to Professor Sarnir Barua.
Frontiers of management research abroad
Authors: D'Souza Keith C. 
Published: September 2016

“The whole in a nutshell!” That is Frontiers of management research abroad. To expose Indian readers to management research abroad we present in this feature jargon free summaries of recent research published in some of the world's leading management journals. These capsule summaries would, We hope, lead the enthusiastic readers to still wider reading. And also to contribute to this feature themselves. Readers are requested to send condensed articles and their publication details to Professor Samir Barua.
Managing Human Response: The Search for an Indian Model
Authors: Sheth N R 
Published: September 2016

In this Perspectives piece, N R. Sheth, a sociologist and an expert on industrial relations', reviews a recent book by S K Chakraborty, entitled Human Response in Organizations: Towards the Indian Ethos. In doing so, he presents the background to the search for models for managing human response in organizations, in the American and Indian environments. The evolution of management theory in the west shows how important it is for academicians and managers in India to develop jointly more effective models for managing human response in organizations to increase harmony and productivity. In view of the importance of the subject, Vikalpa is featuring this book review in its Perspectives feature. An article by S K Chakraborty on the quality of work life which rollows the book review clarifies the issues further and suggests some key ideas for a fundamental change in our perspective. These ideas will certainly need concretization through discussion and practice. We hope that managers and academicians will participate in this exercise in full measure.
Does Diversification Always Improve Financial Performance?
Authors: Paul George 
Published: September 2016

There have been very few studies evaluating how well diversification moves have worked out in practice vis-a-vis expectations at the time decisions are taken to diversify. This is a difficult area of research. George Paul, based on a study of 28 MRTP companies, has addressed himself to a related issue of what type of diversification strategy has produced superior long-term financial performance.
Using Crop Outlook Information for Timely Marketing Decisions in Government
Authors: Bapna S L 
Published: September 2016

Reliable and timely information on crop prospects is not available in India. As a consequence, market planning of procurement, storage and distribution operations, and pricing of foodgrains and other crops is usually based on subjective judgements of the government officials about the crofj prospects; therefore decisions are ad hoc and sub-optimal. This paper outlines an approach which uses econometric models. It is shown that reliable and timely crop outlook information can be obtained much before harvest at a low cost. It is illustrated how use of such information by the agricultural institutions in the government can improve the management of crop supplies and demand more effectively.
Can Project Appraisal be Linked with Growth Rate in the Economy?
Authors: Dholakia Ravindra H 
Published: September 2016

In underdeveloped mixed economies, the choice of big investment projects has a direct bearing on the productivity of capital. The economic rate of return on big projects determines the achievable growth rate in the economy given the flow of investment. Ravindra Dholakia's argument is that project appraisal of such projects can and should be linked to the economy-wide growth target of the Planning Commission. Such a linkage would facilitate rigorous scrutiny of projects and demand more creative project design for achieving national goals.
Excellence of a Board of Directors
Authors: Gupta L C 
Published: September 2016

What constitutes the excellence of a board of directors? Based on experience and extensive study, L C Gupta enumerates for this Perspectives piece eight attributes as constituting the excellence of a board. The first as well as the most important attribute, according to him, is independence—independence of board members from control of managerial interests of a person, family, or a group. In addition to describing the eight attributes, Gupta points out the approach taken in the US and the UK to ensure independent functioning of the board.
Key to Successful Diversification: Focus on Your Assumptions
Authors: Vittal N. 
Published: September 2016

In its April-June issue, Vikalpa featured an article by George Paul entitled “Does Diversification Always Improve Financial Performance?” Paul identified four diversification strategies among 28 MRTP companies. Comparing the four strategies on 11 long-term measures of financial performance, he found that the strategy of having many unrelated businesses had produced the poorest performance. He suggested that management should ensure that the company's central skill or competence is strengthened rather than diffused by diversification. Paul's article has evoked considerable response from practising managers. In view of the importance of the subject, we feature two responses—one fromB VBhatt, former Executive Vice-Chairman and Managing Director of Calico, who comments on Calico Mills, one of the companies included by Paul as a case of a company with many unrelated businesses and poor financial performance, and the other by N Vittal, Managing Director of Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company (GNFC), a government-controlled company, which was not one of the companies that Paul studied. Vikalpa hopes that these two responses are useful to managers in evaluating their diversification strategies.
Determinants of Farmers' Managerial Ability
Authors: Bora S.P. , Ray G L 
Published: September 2016

What are the factors that explain variations in returns to farmers? Based on a study of 250 farmers in Chakdah block in West Bengal, Bora and Ray found that knowledge of new agricultural technology—high yielding varieties, fertilizers, and plant protection—was the most important factor. In enhancing the managerial ability of farmers, the authors feel that emphasis should be given to developing an orientation for planning and marketing and skills in decision making and communication, besides new agricultural technology.
Do Public Enterprises Need a Corporate Strategy?
Authors: Murthy K R S 
Published: September 2016

A large gap has arisen between the stated objectives of the public enterprises in India and their achievements, largely owing to inherent conflicts in their strategic decision making process. In this article, K R S Murthy stresses that any public enterprise's strategic competence depends on the interplay among three actors (managers, bureaucrats, and politicians) with diverse motivations, careers, and systems. Team work with common values and commitment among the three actors alone can improve the low level of strategic competence. Since the prerequisites for strategic formulations are riot met in public enterprises, it is a debatable point whether they should have a corporate strategy at all.
Is the Indian Capital Market Inefficient or Excessively Speculative?
Authors: Gupta Ramesh 
Published: September 2016

In the July-September 1986 issue, Vikalpa published an article by S K Barua and V Raghunathan on “Inefficiency of the Indian Capital Market.” Based on the way the markets actually function, Ramesh Gupta questions in this article the validity of the assumptions used in arguing that the Indian capital market is inefficient. Far more than inefficiency; the problem with the Indian market is its excessively speculative character, by permitting trading on low margins in carry forward transactions. He also makes suggestions on how to restrict speculation and protect the interest of investors.
Rural Credit: How Do the Poor See It?
Authors: Gupta Anil K , Shroff Manu 
Published: September 2016

Rural banks notwithstanding, the poorest of the poor in the continually droughtprone regions still prefer the village moneylenders. How is it that the poor persist in this exhorbitant and exploitative exchange when the rural banks are not far away? Why is it that, after nine years of ‘integrated approach’ towards rural development, the plight of the poor remains unchanged? There is an alarming mismatch between the official bankers' views on rural credit and those of the poor. Correcting this requires serious monitoring of how the poor view rural credit. In this article based on careful field observation, Anil K Gupta and Manu Shroff present the viewpoints of the poor and draw implications.
Pleasures and Pitfalls of “Imaginization”
Authors: Khandwalla Pradip N 
Published: September 2016

Metaphors are commonly used because of their effectiveness in conveying ideas. However, in research their use is limited because of their failure to convey the reality fully. In his book titled Images of Organization (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1986), Professor Gareth Morgan extends the concept of metapltorizing to organizations and terms the new concepts arising from it as “imaginizing.” Some of the metaphors he describes are: organization as a machine, organization as a living system, organization as psychic prison, and organization as instruments of domination. Vikalpa publishes an indepth review of this book by Professor Pradip N Khandwalla.
Perspectives
Authors: Gupta Ranjit 
Published: September 2016

Can rural development focus on people? Can village communities identify and develop their own opportunities and resources as part of planned interventions for development? Yes was the answer with which an experiment was started in 1975. Initiated by the late Professor Ravi J Matthai, the experiment has now lasted over a decade and offers us many lessons. Professor Ranjit Gupta, who has been involved in this experiment, narrates it, describes the role the experimenters played, and stresses the self-sustaining nature of the enthusiasm for action that the experiment generated. The insights gained from the experiment may have significant implications for how rural development activities should be mounted.
Marketing a Computer System: Implications of the Buyers' Decision Processes
Authors: Seshadri T V , Kinra N 
Published: September 2016

Who, in the organization, buys the computer system? How are various departments involved in the organizational decision process? T V Seshadri and N Kinra analyse the decision processes of 30 organizations that had bought a computer system—mini, mainframe, or macro. Based on a questionnaire study and factor analysis, the authors conclude that the EDP department and Board of Directors are critical in the buying grids of the purchasing organizations. They draw implications of their findings for managers marketing computer systems.