bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Barber Thomas M , Stephen Franks 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects reproductive‐aged women, manifesting reproductive and hyperandrogenic features and associated cardio‐metabolic risk factors that include increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes. Twin‐based studies have confirmed a heritability of ∼70% for PCOS, with likely oligogenic predisposition, its clinical and biochemical abnormalities often highlighted by weight gain. Much current literature on PCOS genetics is based on a candidate gene approach, with controversial and conflicting results from reporting of almost universally under‐powered studies. In recent years, this approach has been superseded by the Genome‐Wide Association Study (GWAS) with its advantage of encompassing the entire genome without any need fora prioriunderstanding of pathophysiology. Reported GWAS in PCOS from both Chinese and European ancestry have revealed novel insight that implicate genetic variants influencing secretion and action of gonadotrophins in susceptibility for development of this condition. Epigenetic factors probably also play an important role in the heritability of PCOS.Key ConceptsPCOS is an oligogenic condition with a heritability of ∼70%.PCOS is characterised by reproductive and hyperandrogenic features.Genetics studies in PCOS are limited by the heterogeneity of the condition, the inherent reduced fertility and difficulty with accurate retrospective diagnosis in postmenopausal women.Existing candidate gene studies implicate variants withinFTO(through effects on fat mass) and variants that influence steroidogenesis (such as 5α‐reductase activity) in possible susceptibility for development of PCOS.Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) on Chinese and European populations have identified loci that implicate gonadotrophin secretion (includingFSHB) in susceptibility for development of PCOS.Loci identified from GWAS in PCOS only account for a small proportion of the overall heritability of PCOS. Rarer, yet to be identified, genetic variants with large effects may yet play a part but it is also likely that other factors, such as epigenetics, may contribute to the remainder of this known heritability.
Literacy
Authors: Hobbs Renee 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Literacy is a complex constellation of cognitive, social, and affective competencies that involve the use of symbol systems for expressing and sharing knowledge and ideas, information and experiences. The concept of literacy has changed over 3,000 years, from its original formulation rooted in oral rhetoric and persuasion to a focus on the ability to read written and typeset print, and gradually moving to include the ability to write in a variety of forms, including the use of visual, electronic, and digital symbol systems. Today literacy is fundamentally deeply linked to the institution of formal education at all levels. Although literacy is generally associated with modernity and technological progress, literacy practices can only be understood by examining particular cultural contexts and situations. Literacy education can be used to maintain the power of elites or help support social equality, and literacy practices must be interrogated to determine how they embody power relationships.
What Happens When the Terminal Aromatization is Blocked? Construction of 1,2‐Dihydroquinoline Derivatives by sp3 CH Bond Oxidation of N‐Arylalaninates
Authors: Lü Shiwei , Zhu Yingzu , Ma Xingge , Jia Xiaodong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUsing an aromatization‐blocked strategy, the 1,2‐dihydroquinoline skeleton was efficiently constructed by sp3 CH bond oxidation of N‐arylalaninates under catalytic radical cation salt‐promoted conditions. Investigation of the reaction scope shows broad generality and good functional group tolerance. This method provides a new way to synthesize 1,2‐dihydroquinoline derivatives from easily accessible starting materials.magnified image
An Aerobic Alternative to Oxidative Ozonolysis of Styrenes
Authors: Urgoitia Garazi , SanMartin Raul , Herrero María Teresa , Domínguez Esther 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA general, selective and extremely efficient procedure for the aerobic cleavage of aromatic alkenes is presented. TON values in the range 6,000,000–10,000,000 are obtained for this nickel‐catalyzed reaction performed in polyethylene glycol 400 under 1 atm of molecular oxygen. Mono‐, di‐, tri‐ and tetrasubstituted styrene derivatives are oxidatively cleaved by this reproducible protocol, also suitable for larger scale (1.5 g) reactions. The presence of several functional groups (alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl) is tolerated in the substrates. The mechanistic proposal to explain the selective generation of carboxylic acids and ketones from aromatic alkenes involves the participation of the polyol solvent in the presented oxidative process.magnified image
Iron(III) Chloride and Diorganyl Diselenide‐Promoted Nucleophilic Closures of 1‐Benzyl‐2‐alkynylbenzenes in the Preparation of 9‐(Organoselanyl)‐5H‐benzo[7]annulenes
Authors: Prochnow Thais , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIron‐promoted cyclization of 1‐benzyl‐2‐alkynylbenzenes with diorganyl diselenides led to the synthesis of 9‐(organoselanyl)‐5H‐benzo[7]annulenes whereby the mutual action between diorganyl diselenides and iron(III) chloride in a 0.5:1.0 mol ratio was essential in order to achieve the maximal yields of the products. The cyclization reaction tolerated a variety of functional groups, such as trifluoromethyl, chloro, fluoro and methoxy, in both the 1‐benzyl‐2‐alkynylbenzenes and the diorganyl diselenides, giving the seven‐membered heterocyclic products exclusively via a 7‐endo‐dig cyclization process.magnified image
Property‐Guided Synthesis of Aza‐Tricyclic Indolines: Development of Gold Catalysis En Route
Authors: Barbour Patrick M. , Wang Wei , Chang Le , Pickard Kasey L. , Rais Rana , Slusher Barbara S. , Wang Xiang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is a worldwide public health threat that needs to be addressed by improved antibiotic stewardship and continuing development of new chemical entities to treat resistant bacterial infections. Compounds that work alongside known antibiotics as combination therapies offer an efficient and sustainable approach to counteract antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Guided by property‐based analysis, a series of aza‐tricyclic indolines (ATIs) were synthesized to optimize their physiochemical properties as novel combination therapies with β‐lactams to treat methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. A novel and highly efficient gold‐catalyzed tandem cyclization was developed to facilitate the synthesis of these ATIs. One guanidine‐containing ATI was discovered to possess both improved anti‐MRSA activity and lower mammalian toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, it also showed significantly enhanced aqueous solubility and metabolic stability. These results indicated that the ATIs are a novel class of anti‐MRSA agents suitable for further evaluations as adjuvant therapy in animal model studies.magnified image
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cyclodimerization of 3‐Alkyl‐ 2‐vinylindoles Leading to the Diastereoselective Construction of a Pyrroloindole Framework
Authors: Yin Lei , Wang Yang , Sun Meng , Shi Feng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA Brønsted acid‐catalyzed [3+2] cyclodimerization of 3‐alkyl‐2‐vinylindoles has been established, which led to the diastereoselective construction of pyrroloindole frameworks in high yields (up to 98% yield, all >95:5 dr). This reaction not only represents the first application of 3‐alkyl‐2‐vinylindoles as nitrogen‐carbon‐carbon (NCC) building blocks, but also reveals a new [3+2] cyclodimerization of 2‐vinylindoles. Control experiments demonstrated that both the free NH group and the C‐3 alkyl group in the indole moiety play a crucial role in performing the [3+2] cyclodimerization. A preliminary attempt also demonstrated the feasibility of performing heterodimerization.magnified image
A Fluorescent Sensor for Dual‐Channel Discrimination between Phosgene and a Nerve‐Gas Mimic
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zeng Yiying , Liyan Chen , Wu Xue , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe ability to analyze highly toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and related chemicals in a rapid and precise manner is essential in order to alleviate serious threats to humankind and public security caused by unexpected terrorist attacks and industrial accidents. In this investigation, we designed a o‐phenylenediamine‐pyronin linked dye that is capable of both fluorogenic and colorimetric discrimination between phosgene and the prototypical nerve‐agent mimic, diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) in the solution or gas phase. Moreover, this dye has been used to construct a portable kit that can be employed for real‐time monitoring of DCP and phosgene in the field, both in a discriminatory manner, and in a simple and safe way.
Multifunctional Coating Improves Cell Adhesion on Titanium by using Cooperatively Acting Peptides
Authors: Pagel Mareen , Hassert Rayk , John Torsten , Braun Klaus , Wießler Manfred , Abel Bernd , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPromotion of cell adhesion on biomaterials is crucial for the long‐term success of a titanium implant. Herein a novel concept is highlighted combining very stable and affine titanium surface adhesive properties with specific cell binding moieties in one molecule. A peptide containing l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine was synthesized and affinity to titanium was investigated. Modification with a cyclic RGD peptide and a heparin binding peptide (HBP) was realized by an efficient on‐resin combination of Diels–Alder reaction with inverse electron demand and CuI catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. The peptide was fluorescently labeled by thiol Michael addition. Conjugating the cyclic RGD and HBP in one peptide gave improved spreading, proliferation, viability, and the formation of well‐developed actin cytoskeleton and focal contacts of osteoblast‐like cells.
Engineering islet for improved performance by optimized reaggregation in alginate gel beads
Authors: Li Na , Sun Guangwei , Wang Shujun , Wang Yu , Xiu Zhilong , Sun Dongsheng , Guo Xin , Zhang Ying , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAfter islet isolation, diffusion has become the main mechanism to transport oxygen and nutrients into the core of islets. However, diffusion has limitations, by which nutrients cannot effectively reach the core of large islets and can eventually cause core cell death and islet loss. This problem can be resolved by dispersing islets into single islet cells, but single islet cells do not exhibit insulin release function in in vitro culture. In this study, we intended to establish a new islet engineering approach by forming islet cell clusters to improve islet survival and function. Therefore, alginate gels were used to encapsulate islet cells to form artificial islets after dispersion of islets into single cells. The shape of the islet cell clusters was similar to native islets, and the size of the islet cell clusters was limited to a maximum diameter of 100 μm. By limiting the diameter of this engineered islet cell cluster, cell viability was nearly 100%, a significant improvement over natural islets. Importantly, islet cell clusters express the genes of islets, including Isl‐1, Gcg, and insulin‐1, and insulin secretion ability was maintained in vitro.
Polylactic acid nanosheets in prevention of postoperative intestinal adhesion and their effects on bacterial propagation in an experimental model
Authors: Hinoki A , Saito A , Kinoshita M , Yamamoto J , Saitoh D , Takeoka S 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
Ultrathin films (nanosheets) adhere tightly to organ surfaces but prevent adhesion to other organs. The antiadhesive effect of nanosheets and their effect on bacterial propagation were investigated in a murine intestinal adhesion model.

Methods
Polylactic acid nanosheets (approximately 80 nm thick) were produced. Serosal defects were created by peeling off the intestinal serosa; these were left open or covered with nanosheets or Seprafilm® and the formation of intestinal adhesions was analysed. To examine bacterial propagation, a nanosheet or Seprafilm® was placed on intact murine jejunum followed by Escherichia coli inoculation at the site.

Results
Treatment both with nanosheets and with Seprafilm® reduced postoperative intestinal adhesion (mean adhesion score 0·67 for nanosheets, 0·43 for Seprafilm® and 2·87 for no antiadhesive treatment; P &lt; 0·001 for nanosheets or Seprafilm® versus no adhesive treatment). Nanosheet treatment did not affect bacterial propagation in the peritoneal cavity, whereas Seprafilm®-treated mice showed bacterial propagation, leading to increased mortality.

Conclusion
Nanosheets may be effective novel antiadhesive agents even in the presence of bacterial contamination. Surgical relevanceIntra-abdominal adhesions following surgical contamination can trigger postoperative complications and lead to deterioration in long-term quality of life. However, currently there are no effective antiadhesion materials to prevent the formation of adhesions.Treatment with ultrathin nanosheets effectively reduced postoperative intestinal adhesion in an experimental mouse model, and did not affect bacterial propagation in the peritoneal cavity.These nanosheets are potent novel antiadhesive materials that potentially can be applied even in contaminated conditions.
Single‐subject morphological brain networks: connectivity mapping, topological characterization and test–retest reliability
Authors: Wang Hao , Jin Xiaoqing , Zhang Ye , Wang Jinhui 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionStructural MRI has long been used to characterize local morphological features of the human brain. Coordination patterns of the local morphological features among regions, however, are not well understood. Here, we constructed individual‐level morphological brain networks and systematically examined their topological organization and long‐term test–retest reliability under different analytical schemes of spatial smoothing, brain parcellation, and network type.MethodsThis study included 57 healthy participants and all participants completed two MRI scan sessions. Individual morphological brain networks were constructed by estimating interregional similarity in the distribution of regional gray matter volume in terms of the Kullback–Leibler divergence measure. Graph‐based global and nodal network measures were then calculated, followed by the statistical comparison and intra‐class correlation analysis.ResultsThe morphological brain networks were highly reproducible between sessions with significantly larger similarities for interhemispheric connections linking bilaterally homotopic regions. Further graph‐based analyses revealed that the morphological brain networks exhibited nonrandom topological organization of small‐worldness, high parallel efficiency and modular architecture regardless of the analytical choices of spatial smoothing, brain parcellation and network type. Moreover, several paralimbic and association regions were consistently revealed to be potential hubs. Nonetheless, the three studied factors particularly spatial smoothing significantly affected quantitative characterization of morphological brain networks. Further examination of long‐term reliability revealed that all the examined network topological properties showed fair to excellent reliability irrespective of the analytical strategies, but performing spatial smoothing significantly improved reliability. Interestingly, nodal centralities were positively correlated with their reliabilities, and nodal degree and efficiency outperformed nodal betweenness with respect to reliability.ConclusionsOur findings support single‐subject morphological network analysis as a meaningful and reliable method to characterize structural organization of the human brain; this method thus opens a new avenue toward understanding the substrate of intersubject variability in behavior and function and establishing morphological network biomarkers in brain disorders.
Chaephilones A and B, Two New Azaphilone Derivatives Isolated from Chaetomium globosum
Authors: Chen Chunmei , Wang Jing , Zhu Hucheng , Wang Jianping , Xue Yongbo , Wei Guangzheng , Guo Yi , Tan Dongdong , Zhang Jinwen , Yin Chunping , Zhang Yonghui 
Published: March 2016

Two new azaphilone derivatives, chaephilones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the fungus Chaetomium globosum, together with four structurally related analogs 3 – 6. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including HR‐ESI‐MS and NMR. The known compounds were identified as chaetomugilin Q (3), chaetomugilin D (4), 11‐epichaetomugilin A (5), and chaetomugilin S (6) by comparing their NMR data and optical rotation values with those reported. Compound 2 represents the first example of azaphilone with an open furan ring. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines (HL‐60, SMMC‐7721, A‐549, MCF‐7, and SW480) by the MTS method.
1,2,3‐Triazole Bridge as Conformational Constrain in β‐Hairpin Peptides: Analysis of Hydrogen‐Bonded Positions
Authors: Celentano V. , Diana D. , Di Salvo C. , De Rosa L. , Romanelli A. , Fattorusso R. , D'Andrea L. D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConformational constrained β‐hairpin peptides are useful tool to modulate protein–protein interactions. A triazole bridge in hydrogen‐bonded positions between two antiparallel strands induces a conformational stabilization of the β‐hairpin peptide. The entity of the stability of the β‐hairpin peptide depends on the length of the bridge.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational and Experimental Investigations of Na‐Ion Conduction in Cubic Na3PSe4.
Authors: Bo Shou‐Hang , Wang Yan , Kim Jae Chul , Richards William Davidson , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCubic Na3PSe4 as a solid‐state electrolyte for room temperature Na‐ion batteries is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Na2Se, red P, and Se under Ar (BN tube, 300 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Magnesium Intercalation into a Layered Oxyfluoride Cathode.
Authors: Vaughey John T. , et al.  
Published: March 2016

AbstractMoO2.8F0.2 is prepared by solvothermal reaction of a 33:1.25 molar mixture of α‐MoO3 and Mo in aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticle Superlattices as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting.
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Yongcheng , Zhou Tong , Zhang Hui , Sun Xuhui , Tang Jing , Zhang Lijuan , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Yang Zhongqin , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCoO, MnO, and CoMnO oleate complexes are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of MnCl2 and CoCl2 as well as sodium oleate in a solvent mixture (8:6:14) of EtOH, H2O, and hexane (70 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Access to Multifunctionalized Norcamphor Scaffolds by Asymmetric Organocatalytic Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Mose Rasmus , Jensen Magnus E. , Preegel Gert , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn asymmetric Diels—Alder reaction of cyclopentenone (I) with a variety of activated 1,2‐disubstituted and trisubstituted ethylenes is presented in the presence of the organocatalyst (ORG) and propionic acid as co‐catalyst to furnish chiral multifunctionalized norcamphor compounds with high stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Arylation of Racemic Halides with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Sidera Mireia , Fletcher Stephen P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA highly enantioselective Csp2—Csp3 bond‐forming method that couples aryl‐ or allylboronic acids to cyclic racemic allyl halides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of the C—C σ‐Bond Using Air as the Oxidant: Chemoselective Synthesis of Carbon Chain‐Shortened Aldehydes, Ketones and 1,2‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Xing Qi , Lv Hui , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA simple iron‐catalyzed aerobic C—C bond cleavage of ketones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Catalyzed Reduction of Secondary Amides with a Hydrosiloxane Leading to Secondary Amines.
Authors: Sakai Norio , Takeoka Masashi , Kumaki Takayuki , Asano Hirotaka , Konakahara Takeo , Ogiwara Yohei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis reducing system is applicable to aromatic and aliphatic amides and shows a relatively high tolerance to a variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzylic C—H Trifluoromethylation of Phenol Derivatives.
Authors: Egami Hiromichi , Ide Takafumi , Kawato Yuji , Hamashima Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPhenol derivatives (I) and (IV) are trifluoromethylated using Togni reagent (II) and a Cu‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Destruction and Construction: Application of Dearomatization Strategy in Aromatic Carbon‐Nitrogen Bond Functionalization.
Authors: Wang Shuo‐En , Wang Linfei , He Qiuqin , Fan Renhua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOxidative dearomatization of N‐tosylated anilines and subsequent reaction with cyanoacetates and related cyano substituted activated methylene compounds followed by the addition of an external nucleophile offers a straightforward access to arenes substituted with a quarternary carbon.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Catalyzed Direct Nucleophilic C(sp2)—H Addition to Aldehydes and Nitriles.
Authors: Zhou Bingwei , Hu Yuanyuan , Wang Congyang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe nucleophilic addition of aromatic and olefinic C—H bonds to a wide range of aldehydes and nitriles affords alcohols or ketones with excellent regio‐ and E/Z‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Directing‐Group‐Assisted Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of Phenols with Aldehydes.
Authors: Zheng Yong , Song Wei‐Bin , Xuan Li‐Jiang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel, green, and ligand‐free approach is developed for the direct synthesis of esters, utilizing the copper‐catalyzed oxidative esterification of phenols with aldehydes in the presence of tBuOOH as an oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Pillar[6]arenes.
Authors: Santra S. , Kopchuk D. S. , Kovalev I. S. , Zyryanov G. V. , Majee A. , Charushin V. N. , Chupakhin O. N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe newly developed method for the synthesis of pillar[6]arenes involves the solid‐state condensation of finely milled 1,4‐dialkoxybenzene and paraformaldehyde by grinding in the presence of a catalytic amount of H2SO4.
ChemInform Abstract: H‐β‐Zeolite Catalyzed Transamidation of Carboxamides, Phthalimide, Formamides and Thioamides with Amines under Neat Conditions.
Authors: Rao Sadu Nageswara , Chandra Mohan Darapaneni , Adimurthy Subbarayappa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA green method for the transamidation and thioamidation using H‐β‐zeolite as heterogeneous recyclable catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Pentafulvene Carbometalation—Access to Enantiopure Titanocene Dichlorides of Biological Relevance.
Authors: Cini Melchior , Bradshaw Tracey D. , Woodward Simon , Lewis William 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEnantiomerically enriched cyclopentadienyl ligands are obtained by an unprecedented asymmetric copper‐catalyzed addition of ZnEt2 to the exocyclic C=C bond of pentafulvenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Heterogeneous Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Thiols Leading to Alkynyl Sulfides.
Authors: Fang Zhiqiang , He Wen , Cai Mingzhong , Lin Yang , Zhao Hong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe use of a MCM‐41 supported copper‐complex/K2CO3 catalyst combination allows the synthesis of alkynyl sulfides in good to excellent yields.