bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Strategy: Microsponges for Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Monika , , Dua Jagdeep Singh , Prasad D.N. , Hans Mansi , Sharma Rajni , Kumari Satish 
Published: September 2024

Microsponge delivery system is a unique and effective technology for the controlled release of topical agents. It is highly cross- linked porous, polymeric microspheres that can entrap wide range of active agents and in response to trigger or stimuli and release them onto the skin over a time. It consists of micro-porous beads, typically 5-300µm in diameter that acquire the flexibility to entrap a wide variety of active ingredients such as fragrances, sunscreens, emollients, anti-fungal, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory agents etc., that are mostly used to prolong the topical administration of the drug . Recently it was investigated that microsponges also used for oral drug delivery system. The topical agent formulation with microsponge delivery system can be prepared in many different forms, such as cream, gel, or lotion. When the formulation is applied to the skin, the MDS releases its active ingredients on a time and in response to other stimuli (rubbing, temperature, pH etc.). They reduce side effects, enhance stability and modify drug release. Because of the size of the microsponges they cannot pass through the stratum corneum, so they remain on the skin surface and slowly releasing the active ingredients over a period. Slow rate of release from MDS reduce the irritancy associated with the topical agents. Slow and gradual release pattern of MDS prevents excessive build-up of the active agents in the epidermis and dermis. Therefore, these particles, remains on the surface of the skin and its fine lines delivering the active over prolonged time.
Keywords: Microsponge Delivery System, Quasi- emulsion solvent diffusion.
In-Vitro anti-inflammatory activity of S. xanthocarpum and A. officinarum herb by Human red blood cell membrane stabilization method
Authors: Journal Chandra Shekhar Singh , Gupta Shailesh , Jain Alok Pal 
Published: September 2024

Natural remedies are more acceptable in the belief that they are safer with fewer side effects than the synthetic ones. Herbal formulations have growing demand in the world market. Solanum xanthocarpum herb is highly used by the rural and tribal people in curing various disorders. The aim of the current investigation is evaluation of anti inflammatory activity of solanum xanthocarpum extract and Alpinia officinarum. In-vitro anti-inflammatory study performed by percentage inhibition of Human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. Four different concentration of extract 1mg/ml, 2 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml and 6 mg/ml were used for each extract. Among which ethanolic extract of S. xanthocarpum at concentration 6 mg/ml showed 50.1 % protection of HRBC in hypotonic solution and A. officinarum extract at concentration 6 mg/ml showed 56.89 while combination of extract (1:1 ratio) at concentration 6 mg/ml showed 67.89 % protection of HRBC in hypotonic solution. All the results were compared with standard indomethacin which showed 70.0 % protection at concentration 2.5 mg/ml
Keyword: Natural remedies, anti-inflammatory, Human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization, hypotonic solution.
Phyto Physicochemical Profile of Withania somnifera Dunal (Solanaceae)
Authors: Bargale Sushant Sukumar , Tripathy T. B. , Shashirekha H.K. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction- The present article deals with study of phytochemical analysis of Withania somnifera Dunal roots. Withania somnifera also known as Ashwagandha or winter cherry. Various preparations of Ashwagandha (WS) are available in the market used in the treatment of many clinical conditions in India. Objective- Evolution of Physico-chemical values and phytochemical analysis of Ashwagandha Churna. Materials and Methods- The current investigation deals with extraction and detection or screening of active phytochemical compounds from different extracts of Withania somnifera root. Pharmacognostic studies, Physicochemical studies, Preliminary phytochemical studies was carried out. Result and conclusion - The result drown were 2% foreign mater was determined. Loss on drying 1.6%, total ash obtained was 9 %, acid insoluble ash was 1% and water soluble extractive was 12 % and Alcohol soluble extractive was 13 %. The phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrate, Steroids and Saponin Glycoside.
Keywords: Ashwagandha, Withania Somnifera, Phytochemical.
Assessment of Pathogenicity in Helminthosporium maydis causing Southern Corn Leaf Blight Disease in the Region of Karnataka
Authors: Soumya C , Ramachandra Y L 
Published: September 2024

Maize (Zea mays L) is the one of the most beneficial crops, adapted to various ecological and climatic states, it grades third after wheat and rice. Based on the research determinations for the last few years under the leadership of All India Coordinated Maize Improvement Project, 16 out of 61 diseases harmfully affecting this crop. One of the major diseases is Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB). The causative agent of the prevalent was recognized as the fungus Helminthosporium maydis. Research was carried out for pathogenicity assay. Pathogenicity assay was conducted with two methods, by collecting spores (2X105/ml), spraying on one month old maize plant. After 24 – 48 hours, it was found that spores collected from Davanagere (HMS3) and Kodagu (HMS5) region shows more yellow to brown lesion compare to all other regions. Second by extraction of toxin by methanol – chloroform method, purification by adsorption on charcoal and separated by using column chromatography and by thin layer chromatography. The Rf values, FTIR and UV absorption spectrum of purified toxin reveals the production of host specific toxin by H.maydis. Determination minimum toxic concentration required to satisfy the conditions as a host specific toxin.
Keywords: Survey, Pathogenicity, Extraction, Host specific Toxin, Southern Corn Leaf Blight.
Extraction, Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Determination of Phenols and Flavonoids in Extract of Kalanchoe pinnata and Pongamia pinnata
Authors: Mishra Rajshree , Pounikar Yogesh , Gangwar Mayank 
Published: September 2024

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Secondary constituents contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, saponin, steroids and tannins. Medicinal plants have anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiuretic and anti-inflammation activities. The increasing interest in powerful biological activity of secondary metabolites outlined the necessity of determining their contents in medicinal plants. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (P. pinnata, Fabaceae) popularly known as Karanj or Karanja in Hindi, and Indian beech in English, is a medium-sized glabrous tree. Traditionally, different parts of P. pinnata such as bark, leaves, seeds, roots, flowers and stem have been utilized in the native medicine systems of different civilizations. Kalonche pinnata (K. pinnata, Crassulaceae) known as Patharchata in hindi, is a succulent plant. It has many pharmacological uses like a suitable treatment in sleep problems in cancer patients. Also called as wonder of life K. pinnata is used to treat diabetic foot infections. The aim of the present study is to examine leaf of K. pinnata and seed of P. pinnata for phytochemical profile. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The total phenolics content of hydroalcoholic extract of K. pinnata was (0.952 mg/100mg), followed by flavonoids (0.640mg/100mg) respectively. The total flavonoids content of hydroalcoholic extract of P. pinnata was (1.398mg/100mg). The present study concluded that the crude extract of K. pinnata and P. pinnata is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: Pongamia pinnata, Kalonche pinnata, Phytochemical, Folins ciocalteau reagent
Quality by Thought (QbT) Approaches for Management of Human Health
Authors: Bhusnure O.G. , Sugave B.K. , Giram P.S. , Gholve S.B. 
Published: September 2024

Quality by Thought is a unique innovative approach for the management of human Health. The thoughts that run though the mind can be positive or negative, progressive or retrogressive this depends on the kind of information previously stored, and the new ones being added to it. While we may not have total control over every thought that flashes through our mind, each person has the choice to either think more about a particular thought or pay little or no attention to such. Our thought process is responsible for many causes related to health, it also decides our next generations strengths and weakness. Core objective of this research was to find out scientific base and understand our belief system at quantum level and to develop scientific strategies, tools, models, techniques and right approaches to eradicate belief at root level which does not stand scientifically, because it leads many chronic diseases (as per the research data disclosed from epigenetic reference). We have developed and implemented quality by thought approach (As QbD approach) for the establishment of scientific truth related human health. In that, similar to QbD approaches here we have developed first time quality targeted health profile, Critical quality health attributes, design space and control space to maintain quality of health. Which suggest that dietary intakes and designed life styles by positive mind was responsible for enhancing immunity of body to fight for challenging diseases.
We have created various models such as 3*7 son model, ombhu black body model, uniq ishikwa diagram, flow chart for prevention of diseases rather than cure the diseases. Prevention always from inside out i.e psychological to physical and curative is from physical to psychological approach. For happy ideal health our thought process plays important role, only quality thought can change habits like diet, exercise, sleep, happy idea (DESHI) and habits improve our health, Hence QbT plays important role in management of health.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Lorcaserin Hydrochloride in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Bhawar Hemlata S. , Kedari Chetan C. , Magar Sagar D. 
Published: September 2024

In the current study a simple, precise, sensitive and accurate reversed phase liquid chromatography method was developed for the analysis and estimation of Lorcaserin HCL in bulk and tablet dosage form. The present study of Lorcaserin HCL was achieved by using Cosmosil C18 (250nm×4.6ID, Particle Size: 5 Micron) Column with mobile phase Methanol:10mM KH2PO4 Buffer (70:30) pH:3 at a flow rate 0.8ml/min with UV detection at 222nm. The retention time for Lorcaserin HCL was found to be 5.108 min. In Linearity the correlation coefficient (R2) for Lorcaserin HCL was found to be 0.9995, slope is 42071 and intercept was found to be 21966 which are well within the acceptance criteria. The mean percent recovery for Lorcaserin HCL at three different levels for 50%, 100%, and 150% was found to be 100.65%, 98.84% and 100.34%. The %RSD (NMT 2%). In precision study interday (RSD is 0.26%) and intraday (RSD is 0.29%) are found. Forced degradation experiments was carried out by exposing standard form of Lorcaserin HCL for Acid-base hydrolytic, Oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. The method has been validated by System suitability parameters, Linearity, Accuracy and Percent recovery, Precision, Ruggedness, Robustness, LOD and LOQ.
Keywords: Lorcaserin hydrochloride, RP-HPLC, Validation.
Combined Anticonvulsant Effect of Nifedipine and Pentazocine in Experimentally Induced Seizures by Maximal Electro Shock Method in Mice
Authors: Santosh Kumar Banjara , Rajanna Ajumeera , Balakrishna Nagalla 
Published: September 2024

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the combined anticonvulsant effect of nifedipine (calcium channel blocker) and pentazocine (opioid analgesic) in experimentally induced seizures by Maximal Electro-Shock (MES) method in mice.
Methodology: The swiss albino mice weighing 20-40g of either sex were obtained from National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad after obtaining ethical approval. The pretreated mice are subjected to MES stimulation by electro convulsometer with alternate current at intensity required to produce tonic hind limb extension response. The animals showing positive response are divided into four groups (6 animals per group). Group I received distilled water, group II treated with nifidipine (10mg/kg/bw), group III pentazocine (30mg/kg/bw) and group IV combination of nifidipine (10mg/kg/bw) and pentazocine (30mg/kg/bw). Intraperitoneal is the route of administration. The parameters like duration of convulsions, Tonic Hind Limb Extension (THLE) and duration of recovery recorded. P<0.05 was considered as significant and P<0.001 was considered as highly significant.
Results: The duration of convulsions, duration of THLE and duration of recovery has been significantly reduced in combination treatment wih nifedipine 10mg/kg and pentazocine 30mg/kg compared to nifedipine 10mg/kg and pentazocine 30mg/kg individually.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this study provide supporting pharmacological evidence of efficacy, possible potential benefit of combining nifedipine with pentazocine in the treatment of epilepsy.
Keywords: Seizures, Maximal electroshock, Electroconvulsometer, anticonvulsant, Nifedipine, Pentazocine.
Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of L-Glutathione and Vitamin-C in Effervescent Tablet by RP-HPLC
Authors: Alhat Babita R. , Kokate Shekhar V. 
Published: September 2024

A simple, linear, precise, accurate and sensitive RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for estimation of L-Glutathione and Vitamin-C in effervescent tablet. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1 ml/min tried on C18 column (ODS) 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5µM on using a mobile phase consisting mixture of Acetonitrile:Methanol (6:4 v/v). The retention time of L-Glutathione was 7.208 minutes and Vitamin-C 3.825 minutes. The eluent was detected at 255 nm. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 30-70μg/ml for L-Glutathione and 80-120μg/ml for Vitamin-C. The method is validated as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method can be successfully applied for estimation of L-Glutathione and Vitamin-C in effervescent tablet.
Keywords: L-Glutathione, Vitamin-C, RP-HPLC Method, Mobile phase, validation.
Screening of phytoactives and antioxidant potentiality in Gymnema sylvestre
Authors: Srinivasa Murthy K M , Jyothi R 
Published: September 2024

Gymnema sylvestre is wellknown as “gurmar” for its discrete function as sugar destroyer. It is an excellent herb in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. The herb exhibits a wide range of healing effects as an effectual natural remedy for diabetes, arthritis, asthma , anemia, cardiopathy, constipation diuretic, , hypercholesterolemia, indigestion ,microbial infections, osteoporosis etc.Realising its importance, The current study was carried out to reveal the distinct phytoactive potentiality in Gymnema sylvestre. It suggested that the antioxidant activities of Gymnema sylvestre can be used as a natural antioxidant and might be effective to diminish oxidative stress associated with different pathophysiological conditions.
Keywords: Gymnema sylvestre , Phytochemicals, antioxidant activity.
SYNTHESIS, CHARECTERIZATION AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SUBSTITUTED 5-(5-SULFANYL-1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)BENZENE- 1,2,3-TRIOL DERIVATIVES
Authors: Nakra Vinod Kumar , Sharma Manoj 
Published: September 2024

A solution of propyl gallate(0.01 mol) in ethanol and hydrazine hydrate (0.01 mol) was refluxed for 4 hours. The excess solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The cooled residual mass was washed with distilled water. It was filtered and dried. The crude product was recrystallised from methanol to yield galloylhydrazide, Carbon disulfide (2 ml) was added drop wise to an ice cooled solution of KOH (2g) in ethanol (20 ml) containing the acid hydrazide 4 (0.02 mole), then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature 2h . After dilution with ethanol the solid precipitated was washed twice with ether. To the solid obtained (1 g), 10% KOH (20 ml) was added then the reaction mixture was refluxed for 4 hr, cooled, acidified with conc. HCl. The resulting solid was filtered washed with water, dried and crystallized. A mixture of (0.97g, 0.005mol) of 5-(5-sulfanyl- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,2,3-triol and (0.005mol) of different aryl or alkyl halides were refluxed in 25ml of pyridine solution for 3.5 hours. The resultant mixture was cooled and poured into crushed ice. The solid mass is thus separated out was dried and recrystallized from ethanol. Synthesized derivatives purity were checked by TLC, Melting point & characterized by FT-IR, Mass, NMR spectroscopic techniques. Synthesized derivatives were evaluated for anti-microbial activity.
Keywords: Oxadiazole, Oxadiazole derivatives, Anti-microbial activity.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Diacerein Loaded Microsphere by Spray Coating (Wurster Method)
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Soumen , Roy Tathagata , Chatterjee Tapan Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Diacerein loaded microspheres were prepared by spray coating(wurster method) using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and ethyl cellulose as release retarding polymer with a view to manufacture sustained release drug delivery. Drug content in the microspheres was determined by HPLC assay followed by drug entrapment efficiency. Shape and Surface topography of Diacerein loaded microspheres was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (.FT-IR), X-ray diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies were done to establish drug polymer and other excipients compatibility and stability. Sustained release action was established by In-vitro release study. The result shows that Diacerein loaded microsphere using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose polymer can be a new addition in the field of pain management for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Keywords: Microsphere, Diacerein, HPMC, Ethyl cellulose, Spray coating.
Efficacy of Riyazat (Exercise) in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Authors: Hassan Azhar , Perveen Aisha , Bhardwaj Urmila , Sana-Ur-Rehman , 
Published: September 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic ailment categorized by the presence of hyperglycemia due to defective insulin secretion, defective insulin action or both. It is a chronic disease caused by inherited and/or acquired factors. Obesity and sedentary life style are one of the most causative factors of diabetes mellitus or type 2 dm aka (non-insulin dependent diabetes). Unani system of Medicine which is one of the main parts of TCAM (traditional complementary and alternative system of medicine) have a holistic approach for every disease. Ancient Unani scholars have advised a six-essential theory for the wellbeing of human being i.e. Asbab-e-Sitta Zarroriyah which include very good approach for the management of NCDs. Diabetes mellitus is one of NCDs which have increasing drastically from last 2 decades. Among Asbab-e-Sitta Zarroriyah, Harkat-wa-sukoon-e-badni will play a major roll in the management of NCDs. Among all, Riyazat (exercise) is the actual basic and useful way for preservation of health. Physical activity includes all movement that increases consumption of energy, whereas exercise is planned, structured physical activity. Exercise increase uptake of glucose by skeletal muscle so, improves blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes, reduces cardiovascular risk factors, contributes to weight loss, and improves well-being. Unani physicians in 2nd and 3rd AD century have paved great attention towards this important task in ratiocinative way. Unani physicians provided perceptions about timing, modes, and benefits of Riyazat. Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks and Mesopotamians all the ancient has tried to suggest the best ways for the human achievements of well beingness from very beginning, human is very curious about health and its prevention. In this review paper, it will be tried to provide the benefitting knowledge to the humanity about exercise which improves blood glucose levels in type 2 DM patients to save the health and promote the life.
Keywords: Riyazat; Greek physicians; Unani; Humor; Mizaj, Exercise
Evaluation of in vitro anti snake venom activity of Justicia adhatoda leaves extract against Russell’s viper snake venom
Authors: Malathi Ramaswamy , Kaviyarasan Dhandapani , Chandrasekar Solaimuthu 
Published: September 2024

Venomous snake bites possess significant amount of mortality as well as morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions of the world including India. The snake Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) is responsible for thousands of deaths in India. Although antivenom are the only treatment available and the effects associated with several side effects. As an alternative, plants have been extensively studied in order to obtain an alternative treatment. The uses of plants against the effects of snake bites have been long recognized more scientific attention has been given since last 20 years. Extracts from plants have been used among traditional healers, especially in tropical areas there are plentiful sources, as therapy for snakebite for a long time. The present study aimed to provide a scientific explanation for the use of Justicia adhatoda plant against snakebite. The acetone extract of Justicia adhatoda leaves were tested for in vitro inhibitory activity on toxic venom enzymes like 5' nucleotidase, L-amino acid oxidase, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, acetylcholine esterase and hyaluronidase from the Russell’s viper snake venom. The result showed the potential of plant leaves extract against the enzymes present in the snake venom. Justicia adhatoda inhibits most of the snake venom enzymes like L-amino acid oxidase, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiestarase and acetylcholine esterase.
Keywords: Daboia russelii, Enzyme inhibition, Acetone Extract of Justicia adhatoda (AEJA), etc.