bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐aware task scheduling on heterogeneous hybrid memory multiprocessor systems
Authors: Chen Junjie , Li Kenli , Tang Zhuo , Liu Chubo , Wang Yan , Li Keqin 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a method about task scheduling and data assignment on heterogeneous hybrid memory multiprocessor systems for real‐time applications. In a heterogeneous hybrid memory multiprocessor system, an important problem is how to schedule real‐time application tasks to processors and assign data to hybrid memories. The hybrid memory consists of dynamic random access memory and solid state drives when considering the performance of solid state drives into the scheduling policy. To solve this problem, we propose two heuristic algorithms called improvement greedy algorithm and the data assignment according to the task scheduling algorithm, which generate a near‐optimal solution for real‐time applications in polynomial time. We evaluate the performance of our algorithms by comparing them with a greedy algorithm, which is commonly used to solve heterogeneous task scheduling problem. Based on our extensive simulation study, we observe that our algorithms exhibit excellent performance and demonstrate that considering data allocation in task scheduling is significant for saving energy. We conduct experiments on two heterogeneous multiprocessor systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobile crowdsourcing: framework, challenges, and solutions
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Jia Xueyu , Jin Qun , Ma Jianhua 
Published: February 2016

SummaryCrowdsourcing is the generalized act of outsourcing tasks, traditionally performed by an employee or contractor, to a large group of Internet population through an open call. With the great development of smartphones with rich built‐in sensors and multiple ratio interfaces, mixing smartphone‐based mobile technologies and crowdsourcing offers significant flexibilities and leads to a new paradigm called mobile crowdsourcing (MCS), which can be fully explored for real‐time and location‐sensitive crowdsourced tasks. In this paper, we present a taxonomy for the MCS applications, which are explicitly divided as using human as sensors, and exploiting the wisdom of crowd (i.e., human intelligence). Moreover, two paradigms for mobilizing users in MCS are outlined: direct mode and word of mouth mode. A comprehensive MCS framework and typical workflow of MCS applications are proposed, which consist of nine functional modules, pertaining to three stakeholders in MCS: crowdsourcer, crowdworkers, and crowdsourcing platform. Then, we elaborate the MCS challenges including task management, incentives, security and privacy, and quality control, and summarize the corresponding solutions. Especially, from the viewpoints of various stakeholders, we propose the desired properties that an ideal MCS system should satisfy. The primary goal of this paper is to comprehensively classify and provide a summary on MCS framework, challenges, and possible solutions to highlight the MCS related research topics and facilitate to develop and deploy interesting MCS applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cost‐efficient resource provisioning algorithm for DHT‐based cloud storage systems
Authors: Zhou Jingya , Fan Jianxi , Jia Juncheng 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPersonal cloud storage provides users with convenient data access services. Service providers build distributed storage systems by utilizing cloud resources with distributed hash table (DHT), so as to enhance system scalability. Efficient resource provisioning could not only guarantee service performance, but help providers to save cost. However, the interactions among servers in a DHT‐based cloud storage system depend on the routing process, which makes its execution logic more complicated than traditional multi‐tier applications. In addition, production data centers often comprise heterogeneous machines with different capacities. Few studies have fully considered the heterogeneity of cloud resources, which brings new challenges to resource provisioning. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel resource provisioning model for service providers. The model utilizes queuing network for analysis of both service performance and cost estimation. Then, the problem is defined as a cost optimization with performance constraints. We propose a cost‐efficient algorithm to decompose the original problem into a sub‐optimization one. Furthermore, we implement a prototype system on top of an infrastructure platform built with OpenStack. It has been deployed in our campus network. Based on real‐world traces collected from our system and Dropbox, we validate the efficiency of our proposed algorithms by extensive experiments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subtle signatures of seeps: Record of groundwater in a Dryland,DK, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Authors: Ashley Gail M. , de Wet Carol B. , Barboni Doris , Magill Clayton R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFew proxies exist to identify aridity in the depositional record, although drylands coverca30% of the modern continental surface. New exposures in a siliciclastic and carbonate sequence in an arid to hyperarid basin at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania provide a unique multi‐proxy record of a 1·85 Ma landscape that was exploited by early humans. The 2 m thick sequence of clastics and carbonates that are exposed along a 450 m outcrop records climate change over a single precession (dry‐wet‐dry) cycle. Siliciclastic data (sedimentary structures, grain size, mineralogy) and biological data are combined with data for a 10 to 35 cm thick limestone (stable isotopes, elemental geochemistry, petrography) to generate a depositional facies model for a siteDK(Douglass Korongo) on this dry rift basin landscape. This site was situated on a low gradient, distal portion of a volcaniclastic alluvial fan. The clastics are intercalated distal alluvial fan sandy silts and lake clays that accumulated in a low energy environment. Groundwater discharge and the alkaline springs and seeps during wet‐to‐dry change in climate made a freshwater carbonate‐rich environment. Bedded lithofacies (a lime mudstone with fossils) were deposited in shallow standing (spring‐fed) pools, while nodular lithofacies with calcite spherulites indicate permanently saturated ground (seeps). Both environments experienced similar diagenesis, that is, the precipitation of authigenic barite from supersaturated groundwater, desiccation and pedogenesis, and late‐stage calcite precipitation. Compositional and isotopic data suggest that a fresh groundwater‐fed system was available to early humans even during dry intervals of the precession cycle.
LRP2, an auxiliary receptor that controls sonic hedgehog signaling in development and disease
Authors: Christ Annabel , Herzog Katja , Willnow Thomas E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo fulfill their multiple roles in organ development and adult tissue homeostasis, hedgehog (HH) morphogens act through their receptor Patched (PTCH) on target cells. However, HH actions also require HH binding proteins, auxiliary cell surface receptors that agonize or antagonize morphogen signaling in a context‐dependent manner. Here, we discuss recent findings on the LDL receptor‐related protein 2 (LRP2), an exemplary HH binding protein that modulates sonic hedgehog activities in stem and progenitor cell niches in embryonic and adult tissues. LRP2 functions are crucial for developmental processes in a number of tissues, including the brain, the eye, and the heart, and defects in this receptor pathway are the cause of devastating congenital diseases in humans. Developmental Dynamics 245:569–579, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabarcoding of fungal communities associated with bark beetles
Authors: Miller Kirsten E. , Hopkins Kevin , Inward Daegan J. G. , Vogler Alfried P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMany species of fungi are closely allied with bark beetles, including many tree pathogens, but their species richness and patterns of distribution remain largely unknown. We established a protocol for metabarcoding of fungal communities directly from total genomicDNAextracted from individual beetles, showing that theITS3/4 primer pair selectively amplifies the fungalITS. Using three specimens of bark beetle from different species, we assess the fungal diversity associated with these specimens and the repeatability of these estimates inPCRs conducted with different primer tags. The combined replicates produced 727 fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) for the specimen ofHylastes ater, 435OTUs forTomicus piniperda, and 294OTUs forTrypodendron lineatum,while individualPCRreactions produced on average only 229, 54, and 31OTUs for the three specimens, respectively. Yet, communities fromPCRreplicates were very similar in pairwise comparisons, in particular when considering species abundance, but differed greatly among the three beetle specimens. Different primer tags or the inclusion of amplicons in separate libraries did not impact the species composition. TheITS2 sequences were identified with the Lowest Common Ancestor approach and correspond to diverse lineages of fungi, including Ophiostomaceae and Leotiomycetes widely found to be tree pathogens. We conclude that Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding reliably captures fungal diversity associated with bark beetles, although numerousPCRreplicates are recommended for an exhaustive sample. DirectPCRfrom beetleDNAextractions provides a rapid method for future surveys of fungal species diversity and their associations with bark beetles and environmental variables.
A modified landform development model for the topography of drained thermokarst lake basins in fine‐grained sediments
Authors: Roy‐Léveillée Pascale , Burn Christopher R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPermafrost degradation associated with the expansion of thermokarst lakes is commonly interrupted by catastrophic drainage. Subsequently, in tundra areas, permafrost aggradation in drained basins leads to uneven topography characterized by raised centres and wet, depressed margins. The genesis of such topography has been investigated in Old Crow Flats (OCF), a glaciolacustrine plain in the continuous permafrost of northern Yukon. The thermokarst lakes of OCF have a mean depth of only 1.5 m because excess ice is dominantly found only in the uppermost 10 m of the ground. Surface conditions were measured in three drained thermokarst lake basins, including relief, snow conditions, ground temperatures, near‐surface ground ice, and sediment stratigraphy. Four nearby lakes provided information on wave base, shore recession patterns, and bathymetry before drainage: the bottoms of these lakes were not raised in the centre. An elevation difference of up to 2 m was recorded between drained basin margins and centres but was not associated with variations in ice‐wedge density or segregated ice content. Hence basin topography was not controlled by differences in volumetric ground‐ice content between margins and centres. We propose that transport of fine sediment away from eroding lake margins during lake development is the primary mechanism for the genesis of depressed margins and raised centres in drained basins of OCF. Over time, the transport results in the deposition of more and finer sediment in the central parts of lakes, where the lake bottom has subsided below wave base, than at the shallow margins, where resuspension by wave action occurs frequently. This difference in sediment volume is revealed in the topography after drainage, when permafrost aggrades in the lake‐bottom sediment and underlying talik. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field measurements of intertidal bar evolution on a high‐energy beach system
Authors: Jackson Derek W. T. , Cooper J. Andrew G. , O'Connor Marianne , Guisado‐Pintado Emilia , Loureiro Carlos , Anfuso Giorgio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNearshore bars play a pivotal role in coastal behaviour, helping to protect and restore beach systems particularly in post‐storm conditions. Examination of bar behaviour under various forcing conditions is important to help understand the short‐ to medium‐term evolution of sandy beach systems. This study carried out over a nine‐week period examines, the behaviour of three intertidal bars along a high energy sandy beach system in northwest Ireland using high‐frequency topographic surveys and detailed nearshore hydrodynamic modelling.Results show that, in general, there was onshore migration for all the bars during the study period, despite the variability observed between bars, which was driven mostly by wave dominated processes. Under the prevailing conditions migration rates of up to 1.83 m day−1 and as low as 0.07 m day−1 were observed. During higher wave energy events the migration rates of the bars decelerated in their onshore route, however, under lower wave energy conditions, they quickly accelerated maintaining their shoreward migration direction. Tidal influence appears to be subordinate in these conditions, being restricted to moderating the localized wave energy at low tides and in maintaining runnel configurations providing accommodation space for advancing slip faces.The study highlights the intricate behavioural patterns of intertidal bar behaviour along a high energy sandy coastline and provides new insights into the relative importance of wave and tidal forcing on bar behaviour over a relatively short time period. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of three DEM‐based fluvial terrace mapping methods
Authors: Hopkins Austin J , Snyder Noah P 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe availability of high‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys has spurred the development of several methods to identify and map fluvial terraces. The post‐glacial landscape of the Sheepscot River watershed, Maine, where land‐use change has produced fill terraces upstream of historic dam sites, was selected to implement a comparison between terrace mapping methodologies. At four study sites within the watershed, terraces were manually mapped on LiDAR‐DEM‐derived hillshade images to facilitate the comparison among fully and semi‐automated DEM‐based procedures, including: (1) spatial relationships between interpreted terraces and surrounding natural topography, (2) feature classification algorithms, and (3) the TerEx terrace mapping toolbox. Each method was evaluated based on its accuracy and ease of implementation. The four study sites have varying longitudinal slope (0.0008–0.006 m/m), channel width (< 5–30 m), surrounding landscape relief (20–80 m), type and density of surrounding land use, and mapped surficial geologic units. All methods generally overestimate terrace areas (average predicted area 210% of manually defined area) with the most accurate results achieved within confined river valleys surrounded by the steep hillslopes. Accuracy generally decreases for study sites surrounded by low‐relief landscapes (predicted areas ranged 4–953% of manual delineations). We conclude with the advantages and drawbacks of each method tested and make recommendations for the scenarios where the use of each method is most appropriate. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-term exposure to gold nanoparticles accelerates larval metamorphosis without affecting mass in wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) at environmentally relevant concentrations
Authors: Fong Peter P. , Thompson Lucas B. , Carfagno Gerardo L.F. , Sitton Andrea J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Nanoparticles are environmental contaminants of emerging concern. Exposure to engineered nanoparticles has been shown to have detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. The authors synthesized gold nanoparticles (18.1 ± 3.5 nm) and tested their effects on time to and weight at metamorphosis in wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles, a species known to be sensitive to environmental stressors. Continuous exposure to all concentrations of gold nanoparticles (0.05 pM, 0.5 pM, and 5 pM in particles) for up to 55 d significantly reduced time to metamorphosis by as much as an average of 3 d (p &lt; 0.05). However, exposure to gold nanoparticles had no effect on tadpole mass at metamorphosis. The approximately 18-nm gold nanoparticles used were metastable in dechlorinated tap water, resulting in a change in surface charge and aggregation over time, leading to negatively charged aggregates that were on the order of 60 nm to 110 nm. Nanoparticle aggregation could exacerbate the effect on time to metamorphosis. To the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first report on the effect of engineered nanoparticles of any kind on life-history variables in an amphibian, a taxonomic group that has been declining globally for at least 25 yr. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2304–2310. © 2016 SETAC
Critical micelle concentration values for different surfactants measured with solid-phase microextraction fibers
Authors: Haftka Joris J.-H. , Scherpenisse Peter , Oetter Günter , Hodges Geoff , Eadsforth Charles V. , Kotthoff Matthias , Hermens Joop L.M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

The amphiphilic nature of surfactants drives the formation of micelles at the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers were used in the present study to measure CMC values of 12 nonionic, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic surfactants. The SPME-derived CMC values were compared to values determined using a traditional surface tension method. At the CMC of a surfactant, a break in the relationship between the concentration in SPME fibers and the concentration in water is observed. The CMC values determined with SPME fibers deviated by less than a factor of 3 from values determined with a surface tension method for 7 out of 12 compounds. In addition, the fiber–water sorption isotherms gave information about the sorption mechanism to polyacrylate-coated SPME fibers. A limitation of the SPME method is that CMCs for very hydrophobic cationic surfactants cannot be determined when the cation exchange capacity of the SPME fibers is lower than the CMC value. The advantage of the SPME method over other methods is that CMC values of individual compounds in a mixture can be determined with this method. However, CMC values may be affected by the presence of compounds with other chain lengths in the mixture because of possible mixed micelle formation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2173–2181. © 2016 SETAC
Interactive effects of temperature and glyphosate on the behavior of blue ridge two-lined salamanders (Eurycea wilderae)
Authors: Gandhi Jaina S. , Cecala Kristen K. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential interactive effects of stream temperatures and environmentally relevant glyphosate-based herbicide concentrations on movement and antipredator behaviors of larval Eurycea wilderae (Blue Ridge two-lined salamander). Larval salamanders were exposed to 1 of 4 environmentally relevant glyphosate concentrations (0.00 µg acid equivalent [a.e.]/L, 0.73 µg a.e./L, 1.46 µg a.e./L, and 2.92 µg a.e./L) at either ambient (12 °C) or elevated (23 °C) water temperature. Behaviors observed included the exploration of a novel habitat, use of refuge, habitat selection relative to a potential predator, and burst movement distance. In the absence of glyphosate, temperature consistently affected movement and refuge-use behavior, with individuals moving longer distances more frequently and using refuge less at warm temperatures; however, when glyphosate was added, the authors observed inconsistent effects of temperature that may have resulted from differential toxicity at various temperatures. Larval salamanders made shorter, more frequent movements and demonstrated reduced burst distance at higher glyphosate concentrations. The authors also found that lower glyphosate concentrations sometimes had stronger effects than higher concentrations (i.e., nonmonotonic dose responses), suggesting that standard safety tests conducted only at higher glyphosate concentrations might overlook important sublethal effects on salamander behavior. These data demonstrate that sublethal effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on natural behaviors of amphibians can occur with short-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2297–2303. © 2016 SETAC
In vivo human corneal deformation analysis with a Scheimpflug camera, a critical review
Authors: Lanza Michele , Iaccarino Stefania , Bifani Mario 
Published: February 2016

Corneal morphological analysis has greatly improved in recent years, providing physicians with new and reliable parameters to study. Moreover, today corneal functional too is a routine analysis, thanks to biomechanical evaluation allowed by an ocular response analyzer (Reichert Ophthalmic Instrument, Depew, NY, USA). Corvis ST (OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), that relies on the ultrahigh speed Scheimpflug camera, is a new device providing corneal deformation parameters measured ny scanning the cornea response to an air puff; it is an instrument able to measure intraocular pressure too. This device could open up a whole new prospective in screening, detecting and managing corneal diseases, intraocular pressure measurement and in evaluating surgical procedures involving the cornea. This paper provides a comprehensive explanation of Corvis ST measurement principles and parameters and a literature review of scientific studies.
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Yeast Two‐Hybrid and One‐Hybrid Screenings Identify Regulators of hsp70 Gene Expression
Authors: Saito Youhei , Nakagawa Takanobu , Kakihana Ayana , Nakamura Yoshia , Nabika Tomomi , Kasai Michihiro , Takamori Mai , Yamagishi Nobuyuki , Kuga Takahisa , Hatayama Takumi , Nakayama Yuji 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe mammalian stress protein Hsp105β, which is specifically expressed during mild heat shock and localizes to the nucleus, induces the major stress protein Hsp70. In the present study, we performed yeast two‐hybrid and one‐hybrid screenings to identify the regulators of Hsp105β‐mediated hsp70 gene expression. Six and two proteins were detected as Hsp105β‐ and hsp70 promoter‐binding proteins, respectively. A luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that hsp70 promoter activation is enhanced by the transcriptional co‐activator AF9 and splicing mediator SNRPE, but suppressed by the coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein CCDC127. Of these proteins, the knockdown of SNRPE suppressed the expression of Hsp70 irrespective of the presence of Hsp105β, indicating that SNRPE essentially functions as a transcriptional activator of hsp70 gene expression. The overexpression of HSP70 in tumor cells has been associated with cell survival and drug resistance. We here identified novel regulators of Hsp70 expression in stress signaling and also provided important insights into Hsp70‐targeted anti‐cancer therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2109–2117, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.