bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating molecular, biochemical, and immunohistochemical features as predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma drug response using machine-learning algorithms
Authors: Matboli Marwa , Al-Amodi Hiba S. , Khaled Abdelrahman , Khaled Radwa , Ali Marwa , Kamel Hala F. M. , Hamid Manal S. Abd EL , ELsawi Hind A. , Habib Eman K. , Youssef Ibrahim 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionLiver cancer, particularly Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains a significant global health concern due to its high prevalence and heterogeneous nature. Despite the existence of approved drugs for HCC treatment, the scarcity of predictive biomarkers limits their effective utilization. Integrating diverse data types to revolutionize drug response prediction, ultimately enabling personalized HCC management.MethodIn this study, we developed multiple supervised machine learning models to predict treatment response. These models utilized classifiers such as logistic regression (LR), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), neural networks (NN), support vector machines (SVM), and random forests (RF) using a comprehensive set of molecular, biochemical, and immunohistochemical features as targets of three drugs: Pantoprazole, Cyanidin 3-glycoside (Cyan), and Hesperidin. A set of performance metrics for the complete and reduced models were reported including accuracy, precision, recall (sensitivity), specificity, and the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC).Results and DiscussionNotably, (NN) achieved the best prediction accuracy where the combined model using molecular and biochemical features exhibited exceptional predictive power, achieving solid accuracy of 0.9693 ∓ 0.0105 and average area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.94 ∓ 0.06 coming from three cross-validation iterations. Also, found seven molecular features, seven biochemical features, and one immunohistochemistry feature as promising biomarkers of treatment response. This comprehensive method has the potential to significantly advance personalized HCC therapy by allowing for more precise drug response estimation and assisting in the identification of effective treatment strategies.
Identification of middle cerebral artery stenosis in transcranial Doppler using a modified VGG-16
Authors: Xu Dong , Li Hao , Su Fanghui , Qiu Sizheng , Tong Huixia , Huang Meifeng , Yao Jianzhong 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThe diagnosis of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is of great significance for the prevention of stroke. Deep learning (DL)-based artificial intelligence techniques may aid in the diagnosis. The study aimed to identify ICAS in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) based on a modified DL model.MethodsThis retrospective study included two datasets. Dataset1 consisted of 3,068 transcranial Doppler (TCD) images of the MCA from 1,729 patients, which were assessed as normal or stenosis by three physicians with varying levels of experience, in conjunction with other medical imaging data. The data were used to improve and train the VGG16 models. Dataset2 consisted of TCD images of 90 people who underwent physical examination, which were used to verify the robustness of the model and compare the consistency between the model and human physicians.ResultsThe accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, and area under curve (AUC) of the best model VGG16 + Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) + skip connection (SC) on dataset1 reached 85.67 ± 0.43(%),87.23 ± 1.17(%),87.73 ± 1.47(%),83.60 ± 1.60(%), and 0.857 ± 0.004, while those of dataset2 were 93.70 ± 2.80(%),62.65 ± 11.27(%),93.00 ± 3.11(%),100.00 ± 0.00(%), and 0.965 ± 0.016. The kappa coefficient showed that it reached the recognition level of senior doctors.ConclusionThe improved DL model has a good diagnostic effect for MCV stenosis in TCD images and is expected to help in ICAS screening.
Effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on post-stroke cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Jing , Meng Qian , Qi Shuo , Zhao Hongfei , Xia Ling 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be an effective and safe alternative treatment for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Similarly, the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during stroke rehabilitation has been shown to improve cognitive function in PSCI patients. However, there have been conflicting results from some studies. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of tDCS and rTMS on PSCI.MethodsThe meta-analysis search for articles published from the initial availability date to 5 February 2024 in databases. The extracted study data were entered into STATA 12.0 software for statistical analysis.ResultsThis meta-analysis provides evidence that both rTMS and tDCS have a positive impact on general cognitive function in PSCI patients [immediate effect of rTMS: standard mean difference (SMD) = 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.44 to 3.71; long-term effect of rTMS: SMD = 2.33, 95% CI = 0.87–3.78; immediate effect of tDCS: SMD = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.31–3.12]. Specifically, rTMS was found to significantly improve attention, language, memory, and visuospatial functions, while it did not show a significant therapeutic effect on executive function (attention: SMD = 3.77, 95% CI = 2.30–5.24; executive function: SMD = −0.52, 95% CI = −3.17–2.12; language: SMD = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.50–5.36; memory: SMD = 3.52, 95% CI = 1.74–5.30; visuospatial function: SMD = 4.71, 95% CI = 2.61–6.80). On the other hand, tDCS was found to significantly improve executive and visuospatial functions but did not show a significant improvement in attention function and memory (attention: SMD = 0.63, 95% CI = −0.30–1.55; executive function: SMD = 2.15, 95% CI = 0.87–3.43; memory: SMD = 0.99, 95% CI = −0.81–2.80; visuospatial function: SMD = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.04–4.23).ConclusionIn conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that both rTMS and tDCS are effective therapeutic techniques for improving cognitive function in PSCI. However, more large-scale studies are needed to further investigate the effects of these techniques on different cognitive domains in PSCI.
Effect of probiotics and paraprobiotics on patients with sleep disorders and sub-healthy sleep conditions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yu Bei , Wang Ke-Yi , Wang Ning-Rui , Zhang Lu , Zhang Jian-Ping 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe microbial-gut-brain axis has received much attention in recent years, and regulating intestinal flora can effectively improve sleep disorders, which hints the potential effects of probiotics on sleep disorders, but lack of research evidence for meta-analysis. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively evaluate the influence of probiotics on sleep disorders and sub-healthy sleep conditions.MethodsUp to 2023, online databases including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of science have been searched for studies involving adults who consume probiotics or paraprobiotics in controlled trials, during which, changes in subjective and/or objective sleep parameters and contributing factors in sleeping quality are examined. We conduct a meta-analysis of 11 clinical randomized controlled studies.ResultsProbiotic supplementation improves sleep states to some extent in adults with sleep disorders and healthy adults with condition-induced sleep disorders (−0.34 [−0.56 to −0.13]; I2 = 42.6%; p = 0.001). Meanwhile, subgroup analysis shows that the effect of probiotics on improving sleep disorders is influenced by other factors such as the health states of the subjects, the duration of the intervention, the type of strain, and the test criteria.ConclusionProbiotics and paraprobiotics have a significant positive effect on the sleep quality of adults with sleep disorders or sub-healthy sleep conditions. However, the therapeutic effects of probiotics on sleep problems need future additional trials.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-12-0066/, identifier 2022120066.
Effects of aging on otolith morphology and functions in mice
Authors: Ueda Keita , Imai Takao , Ito Taeko , Okayasu Tadao , Harada Shotaro , Kamakura Takefumi , Ono Kazuya , Katsuno Tatsuya , Tanaka Tatsuhide , Tatsumi Kouko , Hibino Hiroshi , Wanaka Akio , Kitahara Tadashi 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundIncreased fall risk caused by vestibular system impairment is a significant problem associated with aging. A vestibule is composed of linear acceleration-sensing otoliths and rotation-sensing semicircular canals. Otoliths, composed of utricle and saccule, detect linear accelerations. Otolithic organs partially play a role in falls due to aging. Aging possibly changes the morphology and functions of otoliths. However, the specific associations between aging and otolith changes remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify these associations in mice.MethodsYoung C56BL/6 N (8 week old) and old (108–117 weeks old) mice were used in a micro-computed tomography (μCT) experiment for morphological analysis and a linear acceleration experiment for functional analysis. Young C56BL/6 N (8 week old) and middle-aged (50 week old) mice were used in electron microscopy experiments for morphological analysis.ResultsμCT revealed no significant differences in the otolith volume (p = 0.11) but significant differences in the otolith density (p = 0.001) between young and old mice. μCT and electron microscopy revealed significant differences in the structure of striola at the center of the otolith (μCT; p = 0.029, electron microscopy; p = 0.017). Significant differences were also observed in the amplitude of the eye movement during the vestibulo-ocular reflex induced by linear acceleration (maximum amplitude of stimulation = 1.3G [p = 0.014]; maximum amplitude of stimulation = 0.7G [p = 0.015]), indicating that the otolith function was worse in old mice than in young mice.DiscussionThis study demonstrated the decline in otolith function with age caused by age-related morphological changes. Specifically, when otolith density decreased, inertial force acting on the hair cells decreased, and when the structure of striola collapsed, the function of cross-striolar inhibition decreased, thereby causing a decline in the overall otolith function.
Predicting immune risk in treatment-naïve HIV patients using a machine learning algorithm: a decision tree algorithm based on micronutrients and inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio
Authors: Nayak Saurav , Singh Arvind , Mangaraj Manaswini , Saharia Gautom Kumar 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionMicronutrients have significant functional implications for the human immune response, and the quality of food is a major factor affecting the severity and mortality caused by HIV in individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy. A decrease in CD4 lymphocyte count and an increase in CD8 lymphocyte count are the hallmarks of HIV infection, which causes the CD4/CD8 ratio to invert from a normal value of &gt;1.6 to &lt;1.0. In this study, we tried to analyze whether the nutritional status of HIV-positive patients has an impact on the CD4/CD8 ratio inversion by utilizing a machine learning (ML) algorithm.MethodsIn this study, 55 confirmed HIV-positive patients who had not started their anti-retroviral therapy were included after obtaining their informed, written consent. Moreover, 55 age-and sex-matched relatives and caregivers of the patients who tested negative in the screening were enrolled as controls. All individual patient data points were analyzed for model development with an 80–20 train–test split. Four trace elements, zinc (Zn), phosphate (P), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), were utilized by implementing a random forest classifier. The target of the study was the inverted CD4/CD8 ratio.ResultsThe data of 110 participants were included in the analysis. The algorithm thus generated had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 83%, with a likelihood ratio (LR+) of 4.8 and LR-of 0.24. The utilization of the ML algorithm adds to the limited evidence that currently exists regarding the role of micronutrients, especially trace elements, in the causation of immune risk. Our inherent strength lies in the fact that this study is one of the first studies to utilize an ML-based decision tree algorithm to classify immune risk in HIV patients.ConclusionOur study uniquely corroborated the nutritional data to the immune risk in treatment-naïve HIV patients through the utilization of a decision tree ML algorithm. This could subsequently be an important classification and prognostic tool in the hands of clinicians.
Effect of probiotic supplementation combined with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy on gut microbiota during Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Han Zhongxue , Li Yueyue , Nan Xueping , Zhou Tao , Li Lixiang , Li Yanqing 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication has been reported to affect gut microbiota distribution. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on the gastrointestinal microbiota during eradication and the efficacy of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.MethodsOne hundred treatment-naïve H. pylori-positive patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (esomeprazole, bismuth, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin) combined with the probiotic (Bifidobacterium animalism subsp. lactis BLa80) or placebo. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was completed before and after treatment. Stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing at weeks 0, 2, and 10.ResultsNo significant difference in the eradication rate was observed between the two groups. The incidence of adverse events, especially nausea (p = 0.029), was lower in the probiotic group. After treatment, the GSRS score decreased significantly in the probiotic group (p = 0.039). The gut microbiota underwent considerable changes immediately following eradication treatment, predominantly characterized by an increase in Proteobacteria at the expense of commensal Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, but gradually returned to baseline after eight weeks. By week 10, beneficial genera such as Lachnoclostridium, Parasutterella, Hungatella, and Akkermansia were notably enriched in the probiotic group. Additionally, the correlation networks in the probiotic group were closer to their initial levels at week 10 compared to the placebo group.ConclusionDisturbances in the gut microbiota following H. pylori treatment appeared to be temporary, and probiotic supplementation could mitigate antibiotic-induced alterations in the gut microbiota. This study also provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of probiotics in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms.
Risk factors of renal function deterioration after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Li Qinghui , Chen Tan , Zhu Anli , Zhou Jie , Zhu Jiawei , Li Hailong , Wen Rumin 
Published: October 2024

Background and objectivesTo investigate the risk factors of renal function deterioration after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).MethodsA total of 153 patients with UTUC who underwent radical surgery at a high-volume center in China from January 2015 to December 2019 were included in this study. The renal function of all patients was evaluated during follow-up. Besides, these patients were grouped according to postoperative renal function. The risk factors of renal function deterioration included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), T stage, tumor location and size, lymph node invasion, lymph node dissection (LND), surgical margin, tumor histology, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), hypertension, diabetes, hematuria, blood transfusion, hydronephrosis on the affected side, urine specific gravity, creatinine, uric acid, and preoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) on the healthy and affected sides. The correlation between risk factors and inclusion indexes was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 153 patients were enrolled in this study, and the follow-up continued for 14 (11, 24) months. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed in 65 patients in the short-term follow-up after RNU, and renal function deterioration was diagnosed in 52 patients in the long-term follow-up after RNU. The univariate analysis of 65 patients with short-term AKI revealed that there were statistically significant differences in preoperative hydronephrosis, hypertension, urinary protein, tumor size, preoperative Hb, preoperative creatinine, blood transfusion, and preoperative GFR of the healthy kidney. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that preoperative creatinine, GFR of the healthy kidney, and blood transfusion were independent risk factors for AKI. Moreover, The multivariate Logistic regression analysis of 52 patients with long-term renal insufficiency after surgery indicated that there were statistically significant differences in preoperative hydronephrosis, tumor size, preoperative GFR of the healthy kidney, and postoperative AKI.ConclusionFor patients with UTUC, the preoperative creatinine level is high, blood transfusion was given during or after procedure and the GFR of the healthy kidney is low, it is easy to have AKI in the short term after operation. In addition, there was no hydronephrosis before operation, the tumor size was small, the GFR of the healthy kidney was low before operation, AKI occurred after operation, the renal function was easy to deteriorate for a long time after operation. The above risk factors may aggravate renal function deterioration of these patients after surgery, resulting in the loss of the opportunity to continue treatment.
The impact of diurnal variations on emergence delirium following general anesthesia and surgery in children
Authors: Wei Wei , Xie Haihang , Xu Yingyi , Qin Jingwen , Guo Xinying , Song Xingrong , Yu Gaofeng , Zhang Na , Ma Daqing , Tan Yonghong , Zhao Tianyun 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundEmergence delirium (ED) is a widely recognized issue that prolongs mechanical ventilation and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) resuscitation time, consequently increasing hospital costs and mortality. Postoperative disturbance in circadian rhythms, commonly leading to sleep disorders, has been identified as a significant risk factor for ED. However, the influence of surgery timing (morning vs. afternoon) on the incidence of ED in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia remains unknown.MethodsPatients aged 2–6 years who were operated on under general anesthesia with a bispectral index value between 50 and 60 were categorized based on anesthesia start time into either the morning surgery group (Group M, 8:00–12:00) or the afternoon surgery group (Group A, 13:00–17:00). The primary outcome was the post-extubation incidence of ED assessed by the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) score. Secondary outcomes included extubation time, duration of PACU stay, and adverse postoperative events and complications.ResultsWe recruited a total of 560 patients, 280 in group M and 280 in group A. Compared to Group M, Group A exhibited a significantly higher incidence of ED (p &lt; 0.001), elevated CAPD scores (p &lt; 0.001), and prolonged PACU stays (p &lt; 0.001). Notably, there was no significant difference in extubation time and anesthesia-related adverse events or other postoperative complications between the groups.ConclusionOur study highlights that the time of surgery significantly affects the incidence of ED, CAPD scores, and PACU stay duration in children. Further validation of these findings may guide future strategies to reduce ED.
Research hotspots in pediatrics: co-word clustering analysis based on readership in PubMed Central
Authors: Deng Fangming , Sun Wen , Guo Jiangwei , Yang Yujia 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveBy analyzing high readership articles from the Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics (CJCP) in the PubMed Central (PMC) database, this study aims to identify research hotspots and trends in the field of pediatrics.MethodsArticles from the CJCP ranked by annual readership in PMC from 2021 to 2023 were collected. Using word frequency analysis and co-word analysis, the thematic characteristics of these articles were explored.ResultsThe word frequency analysis and co-word analysis revealed four thematic directions that were of significant interest to researchers: (1) current public health or medical events such as COVID-19 and influenza; (2) mental health issues in children and adolescents; (3) pediatric neurological diseases and neurodevelopment; (4) diseases in preterm infants and newborns.ConclusionsThis study provides pediatric researchers with a valuable perspective to understand and grasp the development dynamics and future directions in the field of pediatrics.
Decreasing brain activity caused by acute administration of ketamine and alcohol – A randomized, controlled, observer-blinded experimental study
Authors: Ferreira Luan Oliveira , Padilha da Silveira Esther , Paz Clarissa A. , Otake Hamoy Maria K. , Barbosa Gabriela B. , Santos Murilo F. , Conceição Raína M. , Amaral Anthony Lucas G. , Resende Karina Dias , Favacho Lopes Dielly Catrina , Hamoy Moisés 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSubstance abuse is a major public health problem. In recent years, ketamine, which is a parenteral anesthetic, has been consumed increasingly as an illicit drug together with alcohol, although little is known of how this association alters brain activity. The present study investigated the influence of progressive doses of ketamine, associated with alcohol, on electrophysiological activity.MethodsFor this, 72 late-adolescent (8–10-week-old) male Wistar rats received either ketamine only, at low (10 mg/kg), intermediate (20 mg/kg) or high (30 mg/kg) doses via intraperitoneal injection, or alcohol (2 mL/100 g) via oral gavage followed by ketamine (at low, intermediate, and high doses). Electroencephalograms (EEG) and electromyographic recordings were obtained 5 min after the final application of the drug.ResultsWhen administered alone, ketamine resulted in an increase in delta, theta, beta, and gamma brainwaves, with a more pronounced effect being detected at the highest dose (30 mg/kg) in the case of the delta, beta, and gamma waves. The amplitude of the alpha brainwaves was reduced at all doses of ketamine, but less intensively at the highest dose. When administered alone, alcohol reduced all the brainwaves, with the reduction in the alpha waves being exacerbated by ketamine at all doses, and that of the theta and beta waves being boosted at the lowest dose. The intermediate dose of ketamine (20 mg/kg) reverted the alcohol-induced reduction in the theta and gamma waves, whereas the high dose increased delta, theta, beta, and gamma bandpower.DiscussionOverall, then, while ketamine enhances the depressant effects of alcohol on the alpha brainwave at all doses, a low dose intensified this effect on the theta and beta 175 waves, whereas a high dose produces neuronal hyperexcitability in the theta and 176 gamma bandpower.