bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint species distribution modelling for spatio‐temporal occurrence and ordinal abundance data
Authors: Schliep Erin M. , Lany Nina K. , Zarnetske Phoebe L. , Schaeffer Robert N. , Orians Colin M. , Orwig David A. , Preisser Evan L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models are important tools used to study the distribution and abundance of organisms relative to abiotic variables. Dynamic local interactions among species in a community can affect abundance. The abundance of a single species may not be at equilibrium with the environment for spreading invasive species and species that are range shifting because of climate change.Innovation: We develop methods for incorporating temporal processes into a spatial joint species distribution model for presence/absence and ordinal abundance data. We model non‐equilibrium conditions via a temporal random effect and temporal dynamics with a vector‐autoregressive process allowing for intra‐ and interspecific dependence between co‐occurring species. The autoregressive term captures how the abundance of each species can enhance or inhibit its own subsequent abundance or the subsequent abundance of other species in the community and is well suited for a ‘community modules’ approach of strongly interacting species within a food web. R code is provided for fitting multispecies models within a Bayesian framework for ordinal data with any number of locations, time points, covariates and ordinal categories.Main conclusionsWe model ordinal abundance data of two invasive insects (hemlock woolly adelgid and elongate hemlock scale) that share a host tree and were undergoing northwards range expansion in the eastern U.S.A. during the period 1997–2011. Accounting for range expansion and high inter‐annual variability in abundance led to improved estimation of the species–environment relationships. We would have erroneously concluded that winter temperatures did not affect scale abundance had we not accounted for the range expansion of scale. The autoregressive component revealed weak evidence for commensalism, in which adelgid may have predisposed hemlock stands for subsequent infestation by scale. Residual spatial dependence indicated that an unmeasured variable additionally affected scale abundance. Our robust modelling approach could provide similar insights for other community modules of co‐occurring species.
High perennial ryegrass seeding rates do not negatively impact pasture sward persistence
Authors: Lee J. M. , Thom E. R. , Chapman D. F. , Wynn K. , Waugh D. , Rossi L. , Faville M. J. , Bell N. L. , McNeill M. R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPoor persistence of perennial ryegrass swards is a common problem; however, there is a lack of long‐term studies to understand the mechanisms associated with poor persistence. This study describes an experiment to test the hypothesis that high ryegrass seeding rates (>18 kg seed per ha) reduce long‐term population persistence because of smaller plant size and poorer survival during the first year after sowing. Four cultivars, representing four functional types of perennial ryegrass, were sown at five seeding rates (equivalent to 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 kg seed per ha) with white clover in three regions of New Zealand. Swards were monitored for 5 years. No evidence was found to indicate a lack of persistence of ryegrass‐based swards sown at higher seeding rates. During the first year, swards sown at higher seeding rates had greater herbage accumulation (except at the Waikato site), greater ryegrass tiller density and greater ryegrass content. This initial impact of high seeding rates had largely dissipated by the fourth year, resulting in swards with similar annual herbage accumulation, tiller density and botanical composition. Similarly, there were relatively few differences among cultivars for these variables. Although high seeding rates did not negatively impact sward persistence, geographical location did, with strong evidence of ryegrass population decline at the Waikato site for all treatment combinations, some decline in Northland, and stable populations in Canterbury. It is possible that productive perennial ryegrass pastures can only be sustained for 4–5 years in some situations, even when the best ryegrass technology and management practices are used.
Effect of multimorbidity on gait speed in well‐functioning older people: A population‐based study in Peru
Authors: Ortiz Pedro J , Tello Tania , Aliaga Elizabeth G , Casas Paola M , Peinado Jesus E , Miranda Juan Jaime , Varela Luis F 
Published: October 2017

AimTo determine the association between multimorbidity and gait speed in a population‐based sample of older people without functional dependency.MethodsData were obtained from a previously made cross‐sectional population‐based study of individuals aged >60 years carried out in San Martin de Porres, the second most populous district in Lima, Peru. We included well‐functioning, independent older people. Exclusion criteria emphasized removing conditions that would impair gait. The exposure of interest was non‐communicable chronic disease multimorbidity, and the outcome was gait speed determined by the time required for the participant to walk a distance of 8 m out of a total distance of 10 m. Generalized linear models were used to estimate adjusted gait speed by multimorbidity status.ResultsData from 265 older adults with a median age of 68 years (IQR 63–75 years) and 54% women were analyzed. The median gait speed was 1.06 m/s (SD 0.27) and the mean number of chronic conditions per adult was 1.1 (SD ±1). The difference in mean gait speed between older adults without a chronic condition and those with ≥3 chronic conditions was 0.24 m/s. In crude models, coefficients decreased by a significant exponential factor for every increase in the number of chronic conditions. Further adjustment attenuated these estimates.ConclusionsSlower speed gaits are observed across the spectrum of multimorbidity in older adults without functional dependency. The role of gait speed as a simple indicator to evaluate and monitor general health status in older populations is expanded to include older adults without dependency. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 293–300.
Osteogenic differentiation in dedifferentiated liposarcoma: a study of 36 cases in comparison to the cases without ossification
Authors: Yamashita Kyoko , Kohashi Kenichi , Yamada Yuichi , Ishii Takeaki , Nishida Yoshihiro , Urakawa Hiroshi , Ito Ichiro , Takahashi Mitsuru , Inoue Takeshi , Ito Masafumi , Ohara Yuuki , Oda Yoshinao , Toyokuni Shinya 
Published: October 2017

AimsOssification is found occasionally in dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). The aims of this study were to elucidate whether the formed bone tissue is usually produced by tumour cells or by reactive non‐neoplastic cells, and to reveal the clinicopathological characteristics of DDLPS with ossification.Methods and resultsWe examined 36 cases of ossified DDLPS by comparing them to 31 cases of non‐ossified DDLPS. MDM2 amplification was confirmed in osteocytes and/or osteoblastic cells in all but one ossified DDLPS cases (27 of 28) using fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation, although the morphological impression of ossification appeared to be mainly metaplastic (27 of 36) or high‐grade osteosarcoma‐like (six of 36). The bone tissue was often formed predominantly at the periphery of the DDLPS area near the well‐differentiated liposarcoma component (18 of 36), and an organised structure such as bone marrow‐like differentiation was not uncommon (12 of 36). According to a modified French Fédération Nationale des Centers de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) grading system, ossified DDLPS tended to be lower grade than non‐ossified DDLPS (mean grade: 1.88 and 2.15, respectively). Ossification in DDLPS was associated significantly with shorter local recurrence‐free survival by multivariate analysis (P = 0.02347), but metaplastic‐appearing ossification tended to be associated with longer overall survival (P = 0.1400).ConclusionsThe bone tissue formed in DDLPS was mainly neoplastic regardless of its morphology and maturity, which highlighted the osteogenic differentiation of the tumour cells. DDLPS patients with osteogenic differentiation tended to suffer from earlier local recurrences, which did not necessarily lead to poor life outcomes.
Enzymatic mitigation of acrylamide in fried potato chips using asparaginase from Aspergillus terreus
Authors: Aiswarya Ravi , Baskar Gurunathan 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAcrylamide in foods is declared as carcinogen. In the present work, the effect of enzymatic pretreatment and other parameters like enzyme concentration, frying conditions with respect to temperature and time, size of potato chips, and effect of sodium chloride and citric acid on mitigation of acrylamide were studied. The concentration of acrylamide in fried potatoes after the pretreatment was found to be 815.63 μg kg−1. The optimised asparaginase concentration for the mitigation of acrylamide was calibrated as 4 U mL−1, and optimised frying time and temperature were 15 min and 170 °C, respectively. An in‐depth kinetic relationship for the effect of asparaginase on the mitigation of acrylamide was studied. The prime novelty of the project is focused on the immobilisation of asparaginase to nanomagnetic particles for redundant usage with stabilised enzyme activity. The work projected three stables cycles of asparaginase activity and on further usage of the immobilised enzyme resulted in decreased activity. The repeated use of immobilised asparaginase provides the advantage of decreasing cost in processing.
Risk factors associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy within an urban indigenous population in south western Sydney
Authors: Daly Amy L. , Sriram Nina , Woodall Cheryl , Selvakumar Kierrtana , Briggs Kelly , Garg Parul , Russell Lisa , Yu Michelle , Beetson Karen , Hennessy Annemarie ,   on behalf of Tharawal AMS
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in Australia's urban indigenous women is unknown.AimTo explore the risk factors associated with HDP for a cohort of urban indigenous women in South‐Western Sydney, Australia.MethodsThis study was conducted in partnership with the Tharawal Aboriginal Medical Service. Women (18–45 years) were recruited at the clinic and community events. The quantitative questionnaire included obstetric history, personal and family history of hypertension. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were conducted. Rates were compared with Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) national rates.ResultsEighty‐three participants completed the questionnaire. The rate of ever having HDP in a pregnancy was 36.1%. The overall ABS rate was 9.8% and for indigenous women, 14%. The mean maternal age at first pregnancy was 20.8 years (SD 3.7 years). The mean body mass index (BMI) of the sample population (n = 81) was 32.2 kg/m2 (SD 9.5 kg/m2) and BMI was not related to HDP (P = 0.197). Of those questioned, 25.3% had an individual history and 63.9% had a family history of hypertension. The effect of family history of hypertension (P = 0.020) (odds ratio (OR) 4.29; 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.42–12.93) and individual history of hypertension (P < 0.001) (OR 15.69; 95% CI; 4.50–54.76) were associated with HDP.ConclusionThere was a higher rate of HDP in urban indigenous women compared to the national indigenous prevalence. The family history, or individual history of hypertension was the most significant risk factors and BMI was not identified as a risk factor for HDP in this population.
A systematic review on hand hygiene knowledge and compliance in student nurses
Authors: Labrague L.J. , McEnroe‐Petitte D.M. , van de Mortel T. , Nasirudeen A.M.A. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundHand hygiene competence is one of the critical outcomes in nursing education. Ensuring nursing students recognize the what, when and how of hand hygiene is critical in the light of the increasing rates of healthcare‐associated infections.AimTo systematically appraise and synthesize articles on hand hygiene knowledge and compliance among nursing students.MethodsThis is a systematic review of scientific articles published from 2006 to 2016. The primary databases used were as follows: PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Proquest and PsychINFO. Key search terms utilized were as follows: ‘handwashing’, ‘hand hygiene’, ‘compliance’, ‘knowledge’, ‘practice’ and ‘nursing students’.FindingsNineteen studies met the review criteria. The findings revealed a low‐to‐moderate knowledge of and compliance with hand hygiene among nursing students. In addition, there were significantly higher rates of hand hygiene compliance in nursing students when compared to medical students. Relatively few studies attempted to identify predictors of hand hygiene knowledge and compliance.ConclusionThis review demonstrated suboptimal knowledge and compliance to hand hygiene among student nurses. In addition, this review also highlighted the paucity of studies that examined individual and organizational factors, which influence nursing students hand hygiene knowledge and compliance.Implications for nursing and policyThe findings of this review emphasized the role of nurse educators in enhancing hand hygiene competence in nursing students. Implementation of empirically tested strategies such as utilizing multidimensional interventions, scenario‐based hand hygiene simulation activities and hand hygiene education programmes that would enhance nursing students’ hand hygiene knowledge and compliance is an asset. Hospital and nursing administrators should ensure continuous support and monitoring to guarantee that hand hygiene programmes are institutionalized in every healthcare setting by every healthcare worker.
The inter‐rater reliability between nurse‐assessors clinically assessing infection of chronic wounds using the WUWHS criteria
Authors: Vestjens Jacqueline JHHM , Rondas Armand ALM , White Richard RJ , Holloway Samantha SL 
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the inter‐rater reliability between one expert‐nurse and four clinical‐nurses who were asked to clinically assess infection of chronic wounds by using the World Union of Wound Healing Societies (WUWHS) criteria.A quasi‐experimental design was used to collect the data. In comparison to phase 1 in which ‘open questions’ were asked, in phase 2 a pre‐printed form (checklist) was introduced. In both phases, 55 chronic wounds were clinically assessed. For each WUWHS criterion the inter‐rater reliability of signs and symptoms was expressed by Cohens Kappa (κ). A substantial agreement (κ ≥ 0·6) was considered as adequate.In both phases pocketing (p < 0·02), and erythema (p < 0·004) scored statistically significant results. Phase 2 showed higher inter‐rater agreements compared with phase 1 (three substantial agreements (easily bleeding/friable granulation tissue, delayed healing, increasing exudate), an almost perfect‐ and a perfect agreement for malodour and pain, respectively.According to the results it can be concluded that the clinical assessment of infection of chronic wounds may be better supported by a pre‐printed form than making use of an ‘open questions’ form. To provide this with a higher level of evidence, there is need for more well conducted studies.
Highly porous barium strontium titanate (BST) ceramic foams with low dielectric constant from particle‐stabilized foams
Authors: Huo Wenlong , Chen Yugu , Zhang Zaijuan , Liu Jingjing , Yan Shu , Wu Jia‐Min , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Jinglong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA novel method for fabrication of highly porous barium strontium titanate (BST) ceramic foams based on particle‐stabilized foaming method was developed for the first time, in which propyl gallate (PG) was employed as BST particle modifier. The results showed that the stability of wet BST foams closely depends on the pH value and PG concentration, which could be explained by the adsorption behavior of PG on BST particle surface. BST ceramic foams with dense, uniform, and closed pore and defect‐free wall were obtained. The pore size and porosity can be well controlled by adjusting solid loading and sintering temperature. It was revealed that not only sintering temperature but also solid loading significantly influenced the growth of BST grain. The BST ceramic foams exhibited high porosity in the range of 81%‐95%, low dielectric constant in the range of 47‐150, and low dielectric loss below 0.0025. The BST ceramic foams with higher porosity presented a tendency of lower dielectric constant and the fitting results indicated that the natural logarithm of dielectric constant was linear correlated with porosity.
Whole‐exome sequencing identifies a novel mutation of GPD1L (R189X) associated with familial conduction disease and sudden death
Authors: Huang Hao , Chen Ya‐Qin , Fan Liang‐Liang , Guo Shuai , Li Jing‐Jing , Jin Jie‐Yuan , Xiang Rong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCardiac conduction disease (CCD) is a serious disorder and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is characterized by arrhythmia, syncope or even sudden cardiac death caused by the dysfunction of cardiac voltage‐gated channel. Previous study has demonstrated that mutations in genes encoding voltage‐gated channel and related proteins were the crucial genetic lesion of CCD. In this study, we employed whole‐exome sequencing to explore the potential causative genes in a Chinese family with ventricular tachycardia and syncope. A novel nonsense mutation (c.565C>T/p.R189X) of glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase‐like (GPD1L) was identified and co‐segregated with the affected family members. GPD1L is a crucial interacting protein of SCN5A, a gene encoded sodium channel α‐subunit Nav1.5 and mainly associated with Brugada syndrome (BrS). The novel mutation (c.565C>T/p.R189X) may result in a premature stop codon at position 189 in exon 4 of the GPD1L gene and lead to functional haploinsufficiency of GPD1L due to mRNA carrying this mutation will be degraded by nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay, which has been confirmed by Western blot in HEK293 cells transfected HIS‐GPD1L plasmid. The levels of GPD1L decreasing may disturb the function of Nav1.5 and induce arrhythmia and syncope in the end. In conclusion, our study not only further supported the important role of GPD1L in CCD, but also expanded the spectrum of GPD1L mutations and will contribute to the genetic diagnosis and counselling of families with CCD.
Wasting Food, Wasting Resources: Potential Environmental Savings Through Food Waste Reductions
Authors: Usubiaga Arkaitz , Butnar Isabela , Schepelmann Philipp 
Published: October 2017

SummaryFood is needed to maintain our physical integrity and therefore meets a most basic human need. The food sector got in the focus of environmental policy, because of its environmental implications and its inefficiency in terms of the amount of food lost along the value chain. The European Commission (EC) flagged the food waste issue a few years ago and adopted since then a series of policies that partially address the problem. Among these, the Resource Efficiency Roadmap set the aspirational goal of reducing the resource inputs in the food chain by 20% and halving the disposal of edible food waste by 2020. Focusing on consumer food waste, we tested what a reduction following the Roadmap's food waste target would imply for four environmental categories in EU28 (European Union 28 Member States): greenhouse gas emissions, land use, blue water consumption, and material use. Compared to the 2011 levels, reaching the target would lead to 2% to 7% reductions of the total footprint depending on the environmental category. This equals a 10% to 11% decrease in inputs in the food value chain (i.e., around half of the resource use reductions targeted). The vast majority of potential gains are related to households, rather than the food‐related services. Most likely, the 2020 target will not be met, since there is insufficient action both at Member State and European levels. The Sustainable Development Goals provide a new milestone for reducing edible food waste, but Europe needs to rise up to the challenge of decreasing its per capita food waste generation by 50% by 2030.
The effect of plasma rich in growth factors combined with follicular unit extraction surgery for the treatment of hair loss: A pilot study
Authors: Navarro Roge M. , Pino Ander , Martinez‐Andres Asunción , Molina Consuelo , Martinez Ana María , Martinez Nahikari , Orive Gorka , Anitua Eduardo 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundHair transplant surgery using follicular unit extraction technique (FUE) is a common surgical procedure for the treatment of severe hair loss. Blood‐derived autologous growth factors have also proved to promote hair regeneration in patients with different types of alopecia.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) technology as an adjuvant therapy forFUEsurgery in hair loss affected patients.MethodsThe biologic potential ofPRGFwas firstly in vitro evaluated over follicular germinal matrix and dermal papilla cells. Afterward, fifteen patients were subjected to routineFUEprocedure while 15 patients underwentFUE+PRGFtherapy.PRGFgroup included intradermal injections of growth factors and follicular transfer unit (FTU) preservation in an autologous fibrin clot. Postsurgical patient satisfaction and clinical improvement were evaluated, andPRGFor saline‐preserved hair grafts were histomorphometrically analyzed.ResultsFollicular cell proliferation and migration was induced after autologous growth factors treatment.PRGF‐preservedFTUs presented higher bioactivity signals and improved integrity of perifollicular structures and extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and elastic fibers.PRGFnot only reduced the postsurgical crust healing and hair fixation period, but also decreased the inflammatory pain and itching sensation.ConclusionsThis preliminary data demonstrate thatPRGFis able to minimize the postsurgical follicle loss and potentiate the performance of grafted hairs. The fibrin clot not only acts as a protective barrier against environmental factors, but also provides a biologically active scaffold that induces resident cell proliferation and maintains an optimal integrity of the grafted hair.