bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale modeling of transport in silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Muralidharan Pradyumna , Goodnick Stephen M. , Vasileska Dragica 
Published: September 2017

Silicon based single junction solar cell technology continued to make significant strides in the past year with new world record module efficiencies being reported for the Panasonic heterojunction with thin intrinsic layer (HIT) module (23.8%) and the SunPower rooftop silicon module (24.1%). The HIT cell which is comprised of amorphous silicon (a-Si) and crystalline silicon (c-Si) currently holds the world record efficiency (25.6%) for a silicon based single junction solar cell. Further improvement in this technology requires a rigorous understanding of the underlying physics of the device.
The device performance of a-Si and c-Si heterojunction solar cells depends heavily on the nature of transport at the hetero interface and defect assisted transport through the a-Si. Different microscopic processes dominate transport in different regions of the device and take place across widely varying time scales. In this work we present a multiscale model which utilizes different simulation methodologies to study physics in various regions of the device, namely, the Ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC), Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC), and Drift Diffusion (DD) solvers. The EMC studies the behavior of the photogenerated carriers at the heterointerface; the KMC analyzes transport of the photogenerated carriers through the intrinsic amorphous silicon (i-a-Si) barrier layer; and the DD solver calculates current and other device properties in the low field regions of the cell. These solvers are then self consistently coupled to analyze device performance. Previously, our KMC simulations have shown that hopping is the main mode of transport through the i-a-Si, and the photogenerated carries are collected by defect emission rather that Poole - Frenkel emission or direct tunneling1. In addition, using EMC simulations we have shown that the photogenerated carriers exhibit non Maxwellian behavior at the heterointerface2.
This work specifically describes the self-consistent coupling of the DD and EMC solvers. By adding the EMC solver to the multiscale solver we are able to capture the high field behavior of the photogenerated carriers, and its affect on device parameters such as JSC, VOC, FF and efficiency.
Minimizing Film Stress and Degradation in Thin-Film Niobium Superconducting Cables
Authors: Gupta Vaibhav , Sellers John A. , Ellis Charles D. , Yelamanchili Bhargav , Zou Simin , Cao Yang , Tuckerman David B. , Hamilton Michael C. 
Published: September 2017

The future of superconducting and cryogenic electronic systems can significantly benefit from densely integrated superconducting multi-layer and multi-signal flexible cables due to the massive number of electrical interconnects needed in systems such as superconducting quantum computers and cryogenic detector arrays. In order to maintain superconductivity in niobium (Nb) thin films, film stress and degradation must be minimized. We are working towards configurations with embedded traces, where it is expected that the superconductor material will be subjected to subsequent fabrication steps that must not degrade the properties of the superconductor. We previously observed degradation of the superconducting properties of Nb, such as reduction of both transition temperature and critical current, as a result of curing a polyimide passivation layer at supplier recommended curing temperature (350 oC). The deterioration in the superconducting properties may be due to mechanical stress in the film or diffusion of impurities into the Nb during the curing process
Film stress plays a vital role in the superconducting properties of Nb. Previous research by other groups has focused on in situ ion bombardment, substrate fixturing and wafer preparation in order to minimize film stress. In this work, we discuss the role of argon (Ar) pressure and power during Nb sputtering on the quality of Nb and Nb/Al thin films. By varying the Ar pressure and applied power during sputter deposition, we have produced both tensile and compressive films on flexible substrates in order to find the pressure that yields a near zero stress Nb and Nb/Al thin film at room temperature. A low stress Nb film was tested with a thin Al barrier layer (of the order of 10's of nm) between Nb and polyimide to protect the Nb superconductivity during the PI curing step. Nb traces with a thickness of roughly 250nm and a width of 50um were used for this work. Nb films deposited at different Ar pressures and power levels were tested for critical transition temperature (Tc), critical current (Ic), and sheet resistance (Ω/□), to compare the superconducting behavior of different Nb films. Details of the fabrication processes, experimental procedures and performance results will be presented. This work will help determine materials stacks-ups that may be useful for future multi-layer Nb-based flexible superconducting cables.
Acknowledgment: We gratefully acknowledge financial support and technical guidance from Microsoft Research for this work.
3D Modular Power Electronic Packages and Modules for different power classes - from 50W to 50kW
Authors: Böttcher Lars , Karaszkiewicz S. , Manessis D. , Ostmann A. 
Published: September 2017

This paper will describe the use of embedded die technologies for various application fields. The main focus of the paper will be the development work within the European funded project EmPower, which concentrates on power electronic applications.
Here, three different power levels are of interest:50W single die packages with fast rectifier diodes500W power modules for electric bicycle application50kW power modules for HEV and EV application
All three application fields are based on a similar concept. The so called power core provides the base for the package/module. This power core contains the embedded semiconductor(s) and is manufactured using printed circuit board processing on a large panel format of 18 by 24 inches. Electrical contacts to the embedded dies are made by laser drilled micro vias and copper filling. A major advantage of such a direct copper contact, compared to the conventionally used wire bond, is its high reliability and the improved electrical performance. By the reduction of the inductance of these interconnects, switching losses can be reduced significantly, allowing an improved and faster switching.
For the higher power modules additionally thermal management is required. Here a construction of IMS substrates and the power core is chosen. This construction enables a double sided cooling and also the electrical isolation of the module to the cooler. The connection between power core and IMS substrates is made by low temperature and low pressure Ag sintering.
All three applications fields will be described in detail. This will cover the development of the manufacturing process for all three power class demonstrators, as well as detailed structural analysis and reliability testing.
The development work toward highly reliable modules will be discussed in depth.
Finally the resulting demonstrators for 50W, 500W and 50kW power application and their characteristics will be presented in detail.
Long-term O3–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Hao , Guo Hai , Lyu Xiaopu , Cheng Hairong , Ling Zhenhao , Louie Peter K. K. , Simpson Isobel J. , Meinardi Simone , Blake Donald R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Over the past 10 years (2005–2014), ground-level O3 in Hong Kong has consistently increased in all seasons except winter, despite the yearly reduction of its precursors, i.e. nitrogen oxides (NOx =  NO + NO2), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO). To explain the contradictory phenomena, an observation-based box model (OBM) coupled with CB05 mechanism was applied in order to understand the influence of both locally produced O3 and regional transport. The simulation of locally produced O3 showed an increasing trend in spring, a decreasing trend in autumn, and no changes in summer and winter. The O3 increase in spring was caused by the net effect of more rapid decrease in NO titration and unchanged TVOC reactivity despite decreased TVOC mixing ratios, while the decreased local O3 formation in autumn was mainly due to the reduction of aromatic VOC mixing ratios and the TVOC reactivity and much slower decrease in NO titration. However, the decreased in situ O3 formation in autumn was overridden by the regional contribution, resulting in elevated O3 observations. Furthermore, the OBM-derived relative incremental reactivity indicated that the O3 formation was VOC-limited in all seasons, and that the long-term O3 formation was more sensitive to VOCs and less to NOx and CO in the past 10 years. In addition, the OBM results found that the contributions of aromatics to O3 formation decreased in all seasons of these years, particularly in autumn, probably due to the effective control of solvent-related sources. In contrast, the contributions of alkenes increased, suggesting a continuing need to reduce traffic emissions. The findings provide updated information on photochemical pollution and its impact in Hong Kong.
Precipitation–fire linkages in Indonesia (1997–2015)
Authors: Fanin Thierry , van der Werf Guido R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Over the past decades, fires have burned annually in Indonesia, yet the strength of the fire season is for a large part modulated by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The two most recent very strong El Niño years were 2015 and 1997. Both years involved high incidences of fire in Indonesia. At present, there is no consistent satellite data stream spanning the full 19-year record, thereby complicating a comparison between these two fire seasons. We have investigated how various fire and precipitation datasets can be merged to better compare the fire dynamics in 1997 and 2015 as well as in intermediary years. We combined nighttime active fire detections from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) World Fire Atlas (WFA) available from 1997 until 2012 and the nighttime subset of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor from 2001 until now. For the overlapping period, MODIS detected about 4 times more fires than ATSR, but this ratio varied spatially. Although the reasons behind this spatial variability remain unclear, the coefficient of determination for the overlapping period was high (R2 = 0. 97, based on monthly data) and allowed for a consistent time series. We then constructed a rainfall time series based on the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP, 1997–2015) and the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Project (TRMM, 1998–2015). Relations between antecedent rainfall and fire activity were not uniform in Indonesia. In southern Sumatra and Kalimantan, we found that 120 days of rainfall accumulation had the highest coefficient of determination with annual fire intensity. In northern Sumatra, this period was only 30 days. Thresholds of 200 and 305 mm average rainfall accumulation before each active fire were identified to generate a high-incidence fire year in southern Sumatra and southern Kalimantan, respectively. The number of active fires detected in 1997 was 2.2 times higher than in 2015. Assuming the ratio between nighttime and total active fires did not change, the 1997 season was thus about twice as severe as the one in 2015. Although large, the difference is smaller than found in fire emission estimates from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). Besides different rainfall amounts and patterns, the two-fold difference between 1997 and 2015 may be attributed to a weaker El Niño and neutral Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) conditions in the later year. The fraction of fires burning in peatlands was higher in 2015 compared to 1997 (61 and 45 %, respectively). Finally, we found that the non-linearity between rainfall and fire in Indonesia stems from longer periods without rain in extremely dry years.
Source, composition, and environmental implication of neutral carbohydrates in sediment cores of subtropical reservoirs, South China
Authors: Duan Dandan , Zhang Dainan , Yang Yu , Wang Jingfu , Chen Jing'an , Ran Yong 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Neutral monosaccharides, algal organic matter (AOM), and carbon stable isotope ratios in three sediment cores of various trophic reservoirs in South China were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and Finnigan Delta Plus XL mass spectrometry, respectively. The carbon isotopic compositions were corrected for the Suess effect. The concentrations of total neutral carbohydrates (TCHO) range from 0.51 to 6.4 mg g−1 at mesotrophic reservoirs, and from 0.83 to 2.56 mg g−1 at an oligotrophic reservoir. Monosaccharide compositions and diagnostic parameters indicate a predominant contribution of phytoplankton in each of the three cores, which is consistent with the results inferred from the corrected carbon isotopic data and C∕N ratios. The sedimentary neutral carbohydrates are likely to be structural polysaccharides and/or preserved in sediment minerals, which are resistant to degradation in the sediments. Moreover, the monosaccharide contents are highly related to the carbon isotopic data, algal productivity estimated from the hydrogen index, and increasing mean air temperature during the past 60 years. The nutrient input, however, is not a key factor affecting the primary productivity in the three reservoirs. The above evidence demonstrates that some of the resistant monosaccharides have been significantly elevated by climate change, even in low-latitude regions.
Levinas and the Anticolonial
Authors: Anderson Patrick D. 
Published: September 2017

Over the last two decades, the various attempts to “radicalize” Levinas have resulted in two interesting and often separated debates: one the one hand, there is the debate regarding the relationship between Levinas and colonialism and racism, and on the other hand, there is the debate regarding the relationship between Levinas and Judaism. Whether scholars interested in issues of colonialism disregard Levinas's Judaism or use his "subaltern" identity to challenge European hegemony, they do not take seriously the Jewish content of Levinas's thought. In this essay, I challenge the prevailing postcolonial orinetation of the Levinas-colonialism conversation, approaching Levinas's phenomenology from an anticolonial perspective. I will use Frantz Fanon’s dualistic understanding of the colonial world to evaluate the adequacy of Levinas’s phenomenology in describing the ontological structure of the colony and the historical experience of the colonized within it. Levinas’s incomplete understanding of the Holocaust as colonialism contributes to his failure to recognize the dividing line of colonial ontology, the zone of nonbeing, the non-human status of the colonized, and ultimately contributes to the insufficiency of his phenomenology to describe the colony. Because my purpose is not to reject Levinas’s thought in general but to encourage a new approach to his work, in the conclusion I will gesture toward the need for an anticolonial reading of Levinas’s project for Jewish education.
Saint Christopher's Canine Hybrid Body and its Cultural Autocannibalism
Authors: Friedrich Jennie 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
This article interrogates the cannibalistic hybrid form of Saint Christopher, the patron saint of travel in order to establish meaningful theoretical links between the threatening characteristics and processes of his monstrous body and the threatening characteristics and processes of travel. Continuing controversy in the Catholic Church over historical accounts of this monstrous saint's life suggests that his religious and cultural influence extends into the twenty-first century, which makes him a remarkable candidate for further study. This article employs postcolonial and psychoanalytic approaches to the text in order to define Saint Christopher as both literally and culturally cannibalistic.
Rethinking with Demons: The Campaign against Superstition in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe from a Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Keitt Andrew 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Popular religion in late medieval and early modern Europe posited an invisible world densely populated with both personal spirits and impersonal forces that interacted constantly with the natural and social realms in ambiguous and unpredictable ways. This represented a stark contrast to elite theological discourse, which insisted on dividing the spirit world into a strict moral dichotomy of good and evil spirits, operating within a rigid causal taxonomy of natural, preternatural, and supernatural. During this period, deviations from this elite theological consensus were increasingly labeled “superstitious.” The cognitive science of religion postulates that beliefs about demons and spirits are constrained by the evolved cognitive architecture of our species, and in this article I show that the patterns of religious belief and practice targeted by the critics of superstition are compatible wth key hypotheses in the cognitive science of religion.
To Accommodate the Earthly Kingdom to Divine Will: Official and Nonconformist Definitions of Witchcraft in England (ca. 1542–1630)
Authors: Mendez Agustin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
This article compares and contrasts England's first three Witchcraft Acts (1542, 1563, and 1604) with demonological treatises published by English theologians and clerics between 1580 and 1627 with the intention of highlighting the different ways both types of texts defined witches and their actions. This research focuses on cunning folk as healers to emphasize the disparity of interests and aims that underpinned the representation of witchcraft in civil law and religious treatises concerning that issue. I suggest that during Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, discussions about the definition of witchcraft became one of the battlefields where those who thought the English Reformation had achieved its ends and those who propelled a more thorough disciplining of the population to create a godly society collided. I argue that demonological works served, among other purposes, to express grievances about the official religious policy.
“She was full of evil spirits”: Occult Influence, Free Will, and Medical Authority in the Old Bailey, circa 1860–1910
Authors: Bell Karl 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
This article explores how occult and medical epistemologies intersected in late Victorian and Edwardian courtroom narratives in the Old Bailey, London's Central Criminal Court. Rather than delineating the preternatural, I argue that this meeting of the occult and medical science resulted in a blurring of the boundaries between external and internal influences, between notions of prisoner and patient, the psychical and the insane. Considering the role of the accused, victims, medical authorities, lawyers, and jurors, I examine how this epistemological shift developed and how it was presented, manipulated, or hindered. Through investigating this attempt by medical “experts” to pathologize the occult, I offer fresh insights into how medical testimony interpreted and employed accounts of witchcraft, mesmerism, and hypnotism in courtroom narratives. I conclude by briefly drawing attention to the resonances between the operation of occult, legal, and medical influences over the mind and body in the late nineteenth-century courtroom.
The influence of Organizational Image on Academic Success for International Students
Authors: Küçüksüleymanoğlu Rüyam 
Published: September 2017

Image as a concept that develops through personal, environmental, cultural, and organizational factors throughout history. Organizational image is the overall evaluation of people’s views regarding an organization or system. The purpose of present study was to determine the relationship between international university students’ academic achievement and perceived organizational image. As this is a descriptive research for it measures the image perceptions of the participants at a single time, quantative research methods were used. The population of the research was 2208 international students at Uludag University in Bursa. Randomly selected 1718 students (%77.8) who provided anonymous responses were the sample of the study. To examine the relation between organizational image and academic achievement, correlation analysis was used. To control the effect of the organizational image on the academic achievement regression analysis was used. Students’ academic achievement was mostly affected by reputation and recognition, provided services and general view and physical infrastucture at moderate level. As the students' image perception towards the university increases, their acdemic success also increase. Perceived organizational image affected students’ academic achievement significantly and explained 16% of the variance of academic achievement. General view &physical infrastructure provided services, reputation and recognition, and extra curricular activities from the sub-dimensions of organizational image perception have a meaningful effect on the academic success of students. Key findings are discussed and recommendations offered to address issues related to organizational image.
Vertrouwen in de politie
Authors: Schuilenburg M.B. , Besseling B. , Uitendaal F. 
Published: September 2017

Confidence in the police. Empirical research into the experience of trust in the Rotterdam district Bloemhof
There have been little to no empirical research conducted on trust of Dutch citizens in the police. This study is a step towards filling this gap. We used semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and observations to examine to what extent citizens’ trust in the police is determined by perceptions of the effectiveness of the police to reduce crime and disorder and perceptions of procedural justice. Research was conducted in Bloemhof, a superdiverse neighbourhood in Rotterdam. The results indicate that in superdiverse neighbourhoods perceived responsiveness is the cornerstone for explaining police trustworthiness. Implications for policy reform are discussed.
Fish Ontology framework for taxonomy-based fish recognition
Authors: Ali Najib M. , Khan Haris A. , Then Amy Y-Hui , Ving Ching Chong , Gaur Manas , Dhillon Sarinder Kaur 
Published: September 2017

Life science ontologies play an important role in Semantic Web. Given the diversity in fish species and the associated wealth of information, it is imperative to develop an ontology capable of linking and integrating this information in an automated fashion. As such, we introduce the Fish Ontology (FO), an automated classification architecture of existing fish taxa which provides taxonomic information on unknown fish based on metadata restrictions. It is designed to support knowledge discovery, provide semantic annotation of fish and fisheries resources, data integration, and information retrieval. Automated classification for unknown specimens is a unique feature that currently does not appear to exist in other known ontologies. Examples of automated classification for major groups of fish are demonstrated, showing the inferred information by introducing several restrictions at the species or specimen level. The current version of FO has 1,830 classes, includes widely used fisheries terminology, and models major aspects of fish taxonomy, grouping, and character. With more than 30,000 known fish species globally, the FO will be an indispensable tool for fish scientists and other interested users.