bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of post‐glacial phylogeny and genetic diversity on the growth variability and climate sensitivity of European silver fir
Authors: Bosela Michal , Popa Ionel , Gömöry Dušan , Longauer Roman , Tobin Brian , Kyncl Josef , Kyncl Tomas , Nechita Constantin , Petráš Rudolf , Sidor Cristian Gheorghe , Šebeň Vladimír , Büntgen Ulf 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Growth rates of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) rapidly increased in the last century. At the same time, ring widths declined at the species southern distribution limits in the Mediterranean. Such diverse growth trends and responses have largely been attributed to regional climate conditions, but this was prior to considering the species' post‐glacial phylogeny.

A dendrochronological network composed of 1961 tree‐ring width series (TRW) from 78 silver fir sites between 365 and 1400 m a.s.l. along the Carpathian Arc was compiled. Spatial differences in the species' genetic diversity were investigated from genetic data of 69 silver fir populations in the region. Differences in growth variability and climate sensitivity were then related to post‐glacial phylogeny and genetic diversity.

Significant differences in interannual and longer‐term growth trends and climate responses across the Carpathian Arc were found to coincide with the geographical north–south separation of two post‐glacial populations from effective refugia originating from the Apennine and Balkan peninsulas. Summer temperature was the main driver of growth in the western (Apennine) lineage, whereas ring widths in the Balkan population from the east were predominantly controlled by summer drought. Fir specimens that originated from the Balkan lineage exhibited higher genetic diversity and more regular growth dynamics and also appeared to be less sensitive to air pollution during the 1970s.

Synthesis. Although the phylogeny of forest trees has largely been neglected in most dendroecological studies, results here indicate the importance of different post‐glacial histories for the growth sensitivity and adaptability to varying environmental factors. Decision‐making under future climate warming scenarios (for building resilience through forest management) should therefore consider different phylogenetic origins.
New Method for the Approximation of Corrected Calcium Concentrations in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Kaku Yoshio , Ookawara Susumu , Miyazawa Haruhisa , Ito Kiyonori , Ueda Yuichirou , Hirai Keiji , Hoshino Taro , Mori Honami , Yoshida Izumi , Morishita Yoshiyuki , Tabei Kaoru 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe following conventional calcium correction formula (Payne) is broadly applied for serum calcium estimation: corrected total calcium (TCa) (mg/dL) = TCa (mg/dL) + (4 – albumin (g/dL)); however, it is inapplicable to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. A total of 2503 venous samples were collected from 942 all‐stage CKD patients, and levels of TCa (mg/dL), ionized calcium ([iCa2+] mmol/L), phosphate (mg/dL), albumin (g/dL), and pH, and other clinical parameters were measured. We assumed corrected TCa (the gold standard) to be equal to eight times the iCa2+ value (measured corrected TCa). Then, we performed stepwise multiple linear regression analysis by using the clinical parameters and derived a simple formula for corrected TCa approximation. The following formula was devised from multiple linear regression analysis: Approximated corrected TCa (mg/dL) = TCa + 0.25 × (4 − albumin) + 4 × (7.4 − p H) + 0.1 × (6 − phosphate) + 0.3. Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis illustrated that area under the curve of approximated corrected TCa for detection of measured corrected TCa ≥ 8.4 mg/dL and ≤ 10.4 mg/dL were 0.994 and 0.919, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated superior agreement using this new formula compared to other formulas (new formula: 0.826, Payne: 0.537, Jain: 0.312, Portale: 0.582, Ferrari: 0.362). In CKD patients, TCa correction should include not only albumin but also pH and phosphate. The approximated corrected TCa from this formula demonstrates superior agreement with the measured corrected TCa in comparison to other formulas.
A single multiplex PCR reaction for distinguishing strains of Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Chen Yizhou , Dominiak Bernard C , O'Rourke Brendon A 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used to suppress or eradicate fruit flies. It is critical to be able to identify sterile and wild flies so that informed decisions can be made during eradication activities. The current dye marking approach can be flawed on a small number of occasions, and a genetic method is needed to test suspect misidentified samples. As a proof of concept, a single multiplex PCR with nine microsatellite markers was used to study the genetic structure of Queensland fruit flies Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) in 11 locations in southern New South Wales. Cluster analysis demonstrated that one cluster was exclusive to the sterile mass‐reared flies. A second distinct cluster was exclusive for one site in a wetter cooler area. The other sites were admixture of two main clusters. These nine microsatellite markers could be used to distinguish laboratory‐reared flies from field flies. The mass‐reared flies would need to be reanalysed after each introduction of wildness.
Love in the time of occupation: Reveries, longing, and intoxication in Kashmir
Authors: VARMA SAIBA 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAt a drug rehabilitation clinic in Indian‐occupied Kashmir, patients were subjected to a range of biomedical and penitentiary techniques. These techniques included group therapy sessions in which substance users performed narratives of their recovery—a practice that made visible their gratitude to the police, which oversaw the clinic and which, as an arm of the Indian military, many view as an illegal occupying force. While patients publicly pledged to remain sober and technically complied with the clinic's demands, they privately demonstrated ongoing commitments to nasha (intoxication), which places substance use, romantic love, and the search for divine unity in Sufism on the same phenomenological register. Through nasha, patients defied biomedical injunctions to forget their pasts and recuperated intoxication as a worthwhile experience. [addiction, substance abuse treatment, military humanitarianism, recovery, reverie, Kashmir]
Ordering dependence: Care, disorder, and kinship ideology in North Indian antiviolence counseling
Authors: KOWALSKI JULIA 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAs Indian women's rights organizations address violence against women, they rely heavily on mediation practices such as family counseling. At one counseling center in Jaipur, Rajasthan, family counselors operated in an environment saturated with transnational discourse about human rights and gendered violence. Yet counselors addressed household harm through arguments about kin‐based care and interdependence, referred to as seva. Through their discussions of seva, counselors challenge scholarly assumptions about an insurmountable opposition between the demands of kinship and women's rights as autonomous subjects. Instead of presenting independence as a solution to disordered homes, they reordered household dependencies, subtly reworking ideologies of patriarchal kinship. Via ethnographic attention to the complex connections between kinship, care, and interdependence in counseling, I demonstrate the central role of kinship in localizing transnational arguments about rights. [kinship, care, dependence, gender, domestic violence, India]
Randomised clinical trial: prucalopride, a colonic pro‐motility agent, reduces the duration of post‐operative ileus after elective gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Gong J. , Xie Z. , Zhang T. , Gu L. , Yao W. , Guo Z. , Li Y. , Lu N. , Zhu W. , Li N. , Li J. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that recovery of colonic transit is a major determinant of post‐operative ileus and clinical recovery after gastrointestinal surgery. Prucalopride is a highly selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor‐4 agonist with colonic pro‐motility effects.AimTo evaluate the effect and safety of prucalopride on post‐operative ileus and surgical outcomes after elective gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsIn this phase II randomised clinical trial, 110 patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery were randomised to either oral prucalopride (2 mg/day) (n = 55) or placebo (n = 55). Intervention was started 24 h after surgery and stopped after defecation or maximally at 7 days. The primary outcome was time to defecation. Secondary outcomes included time to first passage of flatus, tolerance of solid food, nasogastric tube reinsertion, post‐operative length of stay, hospital readmission, overall cost, time to walk independently, surgical complications and inflammatory parameters.ResultsPatients who received prucalopride had a shorter time to defecation (65.0 vs. 94.5 h, P = 0.001), passage of flatus (53.0 vs. 73.0 h, P < 0.001), and post‐operative length of stay (7.0 vs. 8.0 days, P = 0.001) than controls. The number of patients with prolonged ileus (>5 days) (16.4% vs. 34.5%, P = 0.026) and the C‐reactive protein level on post‐operative day 5 (35.67 vs. 59.07 mg/L, P = 0.040) were lower in the prucalopride group. There was no significant difference in post‐operative Clavien–Dindo grade III and IV complications (P = 0.606) between the groups.ConclusionPrucalopride is a safe and effective treatment to reduce post‐operative ileus and systemic inflammation without affecting post‐operative complications in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02004652.
Effect of dietary net energy concentration on dry matter intake and energy partition in cows in mid‐lactation under heat stress
Authors: Yan Fangquan , Xue Bai , Song Liangrong ,   Dalecuo, Xiao Jun , Ding Siyan , Hu Xiaofei , Bu Dengpan , Yan Tianhai 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the net energy requirement of Holstein cows in mid‐lactation under heat stress. Twenty‐five multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated to five groups corresponding to five isonitrogenous total mixed rations, with net energy for lactation (NEL) content of 6.15 (NE‐6.15), 6.36 (NE‐6.36), 6.64 (NE‐6.64), 6.95 (NE‐6.95), 7.36 (NE‐7.36) MJ/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. Throughout the experimental period the average temperature humidity index at 07.00, 14.00 and 22.00 hours was 72.1, 88.7, and 77.6, respectively. DM intake decreased significantly with the elevated dietary NEL concentration. Fat corrected milk increased quadratically, and milk fat content and milk energy (MJ/kg) reached the greatest in the NE‐6.95 group with increasing dietary NEL content. Strong correlations were found between dietary NEL content and: (i) DM intake; (ii) NEL intake; (iii) milk energy (El); (iv) El/metabolizable energy intake (MEI); (v) El/NEL intake, as well as between NEL intake and fat corrected milk yield (FCM). The suitable net energy required for dairy cows producing 1 kg FCM ranged from 5.01 to 5.03 MJ, was concluded from the above‐stated regressions. Correlation between heat production (HP) and MEI could be expressed as: Log (HP) = −0.4304 + 0.2963*MEI (n = 15, R2 = 0.99, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.18). Fasting HP was 0.3712 MJ/kg0.75 when extrapolating MEI to zero.
Comprehensive detection of bacterial carbohydrate‐active enzyme coding genes expressed in cow rumen
Authors: Shinkai Takumi , Mitsumori Makoto , Sofyan Ahmad , Kanamori Hiroyuki , Sasaki Harumi , Katayose Yuichi , Takenaka Akio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo find the abundant and characteristic fibrolytic enzyme‐coding gene expressed in fiber‐associating microbiota, a metatranscriptomic data set was obtained from fiber‐associating microbiota, and it was compared with that of rumen fluid‐floating microbiota and two metagenomic data sets. Fibrolytic rumen bacteria associate with plant polysaccharide and hydrolyze it in the rumen. We obtained a metatranscriptomic assembly from fiber‐associating microbiota in three ruminally fistulated Holstein cows fed timothy (Phleum pratense) hay. Each metatranscriptomic data set involved over a thousand of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) gene transcripts that accounted for about 1% of total protein coding gene transcripts. Three‐quarters of the total GH gene transcripts were dominated by non‐structural oligosaccharide‐acting hydrolase gene transcripts. In the fiber‐associating microbiota, endo‐cellulase coding gene families, especially GHs 9 and 5, were abundantly detected, and GHs 9, 11, 30 and 43, carbohydrate esterase 8 and carbohydrate‐binding module 6 were characteristically detected. Most fibrolytic gene transcripts assigned to Fibrobacter succinogenes were detected in fiber‐associating sections, and GHs 45, 44, 74, 11, 30 and 16 were Fibrobacter‐characteristically detected. The metatranscriptomic assembly highlighted the characteristic fibrolytic enzymes expressed in the fiber‐associated rumen microbiota and offered access to the fibrolytic activities in each fibrolytic bacteria.
9‐Hydroxyrisperidone‐Induced Hyperprolactinaemia in Thai Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ngamsamut Nattawat , Hongkaew Yaowaluck , Vanwong Natchaya , Srisawasdi Pornpen , Puangpetch Apichaya , Chamkrachangpada Bhunnada , Tan‐Khum Theerarat , Limsila Penkhae , Sukasem Chonlaphat 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlthough our previous study revealed an association between prolactin level and risperidone dosage, data regarding the plasma concentration of risperidone are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between plasma drug concentrations of risperidone, 9‐hydroxyrisperidone and serum prolactin level in Thai children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The individuals for this study were 103 children and adolescents with ASD (90 males and 13 females). In the 12th hour after the last risperidone dose, blood samples were collected for analysis. Serum prolactin, plasma risperidone and 9‐hydroxyrisperidone levels were measured. Patients' clinical data were collected from medical records – age, weight, height, body mass index, dose of risperidone and duration of treatment. Serum prolactin level was significantly positively correlated with plasma 9‐hydroxyrisperidone level (rs = 0.355, p < 0.001). The median concentration of 9‐hydroxyrisperidone in individuals with hyperprolactinaemia (7.59 ng/ml; IQR 4.86–15.55) was significantly higher than non‐hyperprolactinaemic individuals (5.18 ng/ml; IQR 2.10–8.99) after risperidone treatment (p = 0.006). By multivariate analysis, high prolactin level was correlated to high 9‐hydroxyrisperidone level (p = 0.010). The results of this study showed that serum prolactin levels, especially in autistic individuals with hyperprolactinaemia during risperidone treatment, were significantly correlated with the level of 9‐hydroxyrisperidone. These results suggest that hyperprolactinaemia may develop during risperidone treatment.
Structural evolution of a gravitationally detached normal fault array: analysis of 3D seismic data from the Ceduna Sub‐Basin, Great Australian Bight
Authors: Robson A. G. , King R. C. , Holford S. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe growth, interaction and controls on normal fault systems developed within stacked delta systems at extensional delta‐top settings have not been extensively examined. We aim to analyse the kinematic, spatial and temporal growth of a Cretaceous aged, thin‐skinned, listric fault system in order to further the understanding of how gravity‐driven fault segments and fault systems develop and interact at an extensional delta‐top setting. Furthermore, we aim to explore the influence of a pre‐existing structural framework on the development of gravity‐driven normal faults through the examination of two overlapping, spatially and temporally distinct delta systems. To do this, we use three‐dimensional (3D) seismic reflection data from the central Ceduna Sub‐basin, offshore southern Australia. The seismic reflection data images a Cenomanian‐Santonian fault system, and a post‐Santonian fault system, which are dip‐linked through an intervening Turonian‐early Campanian section. Both of these fault systems contain four hard‐linked strike assemblages oriented NW–SE (127–307), each composed of 13 major fault segments. The Cenomanian‐Santonian fault system detaches at the base of a shale interval of late Albian age, and is characterised by kilometre‐scale growth faults in the Cenomanian‐Sanontian interval. The post‐Santonian fault system nucleated in vertical isolation from the Cenomanian‐Santonian fault system. This is evident through displacement minima observed at Turonian‐early Campanian levels, which is indicative of vertical segmentation and eventual hard dip‐linkage. Our analysis constrains fault growth into four major evolutionary stages: (1) early Cenomanian nucleation and growth of fault segments, resulting from gravitational instability, and with faults detaching on the lower Albian interval; (2) Santonian cessation of growth for the majority of faults; (3) erosional truncation of fault upper tips coincident with the continental breakup of Australia and Antarctica (ca. 83 Ma); (4) Campanian‐Maastrichtian reactivation of the underlying Cenomanian‐Santonian fault system, inducing the nucleation, growth and consequential dip‐linkage of the post‐Santonian fault system with the underlying fault system. Our results highlight the along‐strike linkage of fault segments and the interaction through dip‐linkage and fault reactivation, between two overlapping, spatially and temporally independent delta systems of Cenomanian and late Santonian‐Maastrichtian age in the frontier Ceduna Sub‐Basin. This study has implications regarding the growth of normal fault assemblages, through vertical and lateral segment linkage, for other stacked delta systems (such as the Gulf of Mexico) where upper delta systems develop over a pre‐existing structural framework.
Apical lymph node dissection of the inferior mesenteric artery
Authors: Goh N. , Fong S. S. , How K. Y. , Wong K. Y. , Loong T. H. , Tay G. T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimIt is controversial whether a high or low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is superior. The former allows an extended lymph node clearance whereas the latter preserves the distal vascular supply via the left colic artery (LCA). Apical lymph node dissection of the IMA (ALMA) harvests nodal tissue along the IMA proximal to the LCA whilst performing a low ligation. This anatomically replicates the oncological benefit of high ligation and the vascular preservation of low ligation. Our study evaluates the nodal yield of ALMA and the short‐term outcome of this technique.MethodWe retrospectively studied 19 patients with sigmoid or rectal cancer who underwent curative surgical resection with ALMA. All ALMAs were performed with a standard technique previously described (Kobayashi et al., Surg Endosc 2005, 20:563–9; Sekimoto et al. Surg Endosc 2010, 25:861–6) . The lymph node yield from the dissection (the ALMA specimen) was compared with the total lymph node yield. Data on the LCA anatomy, time required to perform ALMA, complications and postoperative recovery were evaluated.ResultsALMA was successful in 18 patients. Median postoperative hospitalization was 5 (2–26) days without ALMA‐related morbidity or mortality. The median lymph node yield was 20 (9–41) and a median of 14.3 (0–80)% were harvested with ALMA. Two patients not having neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy had fewer than 12 lymph nodes, excluding nodes harvested from ALMA. The average time required for ALMA was 18 min.ConclusionALMA is a safe and feasible technique, allowing extended lymphadenectomy without sacrificing the LCA. In this small group of patients none were upstaged due to cancerous involvement of the proximal nodes.
Long‐term effects of lowering the alcohol minimum purchasing age on traffic crash injury rates in New Zealand
Authors: Kypri Kypros , Davie Gabrielle , McElduff Patrick , Langley John , Connor Jennie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIn December 1999, New Zealand lowered the alcohol minimum purchasing age from 20 to 18 years. We tested hypotheses that this change was associated with long‐term increases in traffic injury attributable to alcohol‐impaired driving among 18‐ to 19‐year‐olds (target age group) and 15‐ to 17‐year‐olds (affected by ‘trickle‐down’).Design and MethodsWe undertook a controlled before‐and‐after comparison of rates of fatal and non‐fatal traffic injury to persons of any age attributable to impaired drivers aged 18–19 years and 15–17 years, versus 20‐ to 21‐year‐olds. Crash data including assessment of driver alcohol impairment were recorded by New Zealand Police. The pre‐change period was 1996–1999. Post‐change periods were 2000–2003, 2004–2007 and 2008–2010. Outcomes were population‐based and vehicle travel‐based rates.ResultsCompared with the change in injury rates attributable to alcohol‐impaired 20‐ to 21‐year‐old male drivers, injuries attributable to 18‐ to 19‐year‐old male drivers increased in all post‐change periods and significantly so in the second post‐change period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 1.5). For 15‐ to 17‐year‐old male drivers, rates increased in all post‐change periods compared with 20‐ to 21‐year‐olds, and more so in the second (IRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) and third (IRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) periods. There was a short‐term relative increase in harm attributable to 18‐ to 19‐year‐old female drivers (IRR 1.5; 1.1 to 2.0). Results were similar for vehicle travel‐based rates.Discussion and ConclusionsReducing the alcohol minimum purchasing age was followed by long‐term increases in the incidence of traffic injury attributable to male 15‐ to 19‐year‐old alcohol‐impaired drivers. [Kypri K, Davie G, McElduff P, Langley J, Connor J. Long‐term effects of lowering the alcohol minimum purchasing age on traffic crash injury rates in New Zealand. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:178–185]