bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nkx2-2as Suppression Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Wang Ting , Wang Shan , Xiong Yanlu , Zhang Rui , Zhang Xiang , Zhao Jing , Yang An-Gang , Wang Lei , Jia Lintao 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Aberrant Hedgehog signaling and excessive activation of the Gli family of transcriptional activators are key drivers of medulloblastoma (MB), the most common human pediatric brain malignancy. MB originates mainly from cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNP), but the mechanisms underlying CGNP transformation remain largely obscure. In this study, we found that suppression of the noncoding RNA Nkx2-2as promoted Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-potentiated MB development. Nkx2-2as functioned as a competing endogenous RNA against miR-103 and miR-107, sequestering them and thereby derepressing their tumor suppressive targets BTG2 and LATS1 and impeding cell division and migration. We also found that Nkx2-2as tethered miR-548m and abrogated its LATS2 targeting activity. Shh signaling impaired Nkx2-2as expression by upregulating the transcriptional repressor FoxD1. In clinical specimens of Shh-subgroup MB, we validated coordinated expression of the aforementioned proteins. Notably, exogenous expression of Nkx2-2as suppressed tumorigenesis and prolonged animal survival in MB mouse models. Our findings illuminate the role of noncoding RNAs in Hedgehog signaling and MB occurrence, with implications for identifying candidate therapeutic targets for MB treatment.
Significance: These findings illuminate the role of noncoding RNAs in Hedgehog signaling and an interplay between the Hedgehog and Hippo pathways in medulloblastoma pathogenesis. Cancer Res; 78(4); 962–73. ©2017 AACR.
Transcription Factor Activities Enhance Markers of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer
Authors: Garcia-Alonso Luz , Iorio Francesco , Matchan Angela , Fonseca Nuno , Jaaks Patricia , Peat Gareth , Pignatelli Miguel , Falcone Fiammetta , Benes Cyril H. , Dunham Ian , Bignell Graham , McDade Simon S. , Garnett Mathew J. , Saez-Rodriguez Julio 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation induced by aberrant transcription factors (TF) is a key feature of cancer, but its global influence on drug sensitivity has not been examined. Here, we infer the transcriptional activity of 127 TFs through analysis of RNA-seq gene expression data newly generated for 448 cancer cell lines, combined with publicly available datasets to survey a total of 1,056 cancer cell lines and 9,250 primary tumors. Predicted TF activities are supported by their agreement with independent shRNA essentiality profiles and homozygous gene deletions, and recapitulate mutant-specific mechanisms of transcriptional dysregulation in cancer. By analyzing cell line responses to 265 compounds, we uncovered numerous TFs whose activity interacts with anticancer drugs. Importantly, combining existing pharmacogenomic markers with TF activities often improves the stratification of cell lines in response to drug treatment. Our results, which can be queried freely at dorothea.opentargets.io, offer a broad foundation for discovering opportunities to refine personalized cancer therapies.
Significance: Systematic analysis of transcriptional dysregulation in cancer cell lines and patient tumor specimens offers a publicly searchable foundation to discover new opportunities to refine personalized cancer therapies. Cancer Res; 78(3); 769–80. ©2017 AACR.
LNMICC Promotes Nodal Metastasis of Cervical Cancer by Reprogramming Fatty Acid Metabolism
Authors: Shang Chunliang , Wang Wei , Liao Yuandong , Chen Yili , Liu Tianyu , Du Qiqiao , Huang Jiaming , Liang Yanchun , Liu Junxiu , Zhao Yunhe , Guo Luyan , Hu Zheng , Yao Shuzhong 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cancer spread to lymph nodes predicts poor survival but underlying mechanisms remain little understood. In this study, we show that overexpression of the long noncoding RNA LNMICC associates with lymph node metastasis of primary cervical cancer, where it serves as an independent high-risk factor in patient survival. Functional investigations demonstrated that LNMICC promoted lymph node metastasis by reprogramming fatty acid metabolism, by recruiting the nuclear factor NPM1 to the promoter of the fatty acid binding protein FABP5. We also found that the prometastatic effects of LNMICC were directly targeted and suppressed by miR-190. Our results establish a new mechanism of lymph node metastasis and highlight LNMICC as a candidate prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
Significance: These results establish the role of a novel long noncoding RNA in lymph node metastasis, with implications as a candidate prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in cervical cancer. Cancer Res; 78(4); 877–90. ©2017 AACR.
Bourdieu e a sociologia do esporte: contribuições, abrangência e desdobramentos teóricos
Authors: Souza Juliano De , Marchi Júnior Wanderley 
Published: December 2017

Neste texto, está em pauta aquele que entendemos ser o principal legado teórico de Bourdieu para o estudo sociológico do esporte, qual seja, a sistematização de um modus operandi que permite compreender a estruturação dessa prática como um campo regido por leis de oferta e demanda e, na esteira dessa linha investigativa, demonstrar como o esporte é apropriado a partir de uma economia simbólica peculiar que atualiza as divisões do mundo social e, muitas vezes, reforça mecanismos de dominação. Para dar conta dessa análise, o texto foi dividido em três eixos de discussão. Na primeira parte, pretendemos recuperar a estrutura teórica que animou o empreendimento sociológico de Bourdieu. Já no segundo bloco analítico, procuramos restituir o modo com que o esporte foi concebido por Bourdieu como um problema sociológico. Por fim, recuperamos algumas críticas direcionadas na literatura sociológica ao referencial de Bourdieu e sugerimos que uma “apropriação inventiva” de seu modelo teórico pode ser útil no intuito de interpretar alguns processos esportivos levados a efeito na sociedade moderna.
Stem Cell Therapy for Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Oikonomou Evangelos K. , Moris Demetrios , Schizas Dimitrios , Economopoulos Konstantinos P. , Mylonas Konstantinos S. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Congenital heart disease (CHD) constitutes the most prevalent and heterogeneous group of congenital anomalies. Although surgery remains the gold standard treatment modality, stem cell therapy has been gaining ground as a complimentary or alternative treatment option in certain types of CHD. The aim of this study was to present the existing published evidence and ongoing research efforts on the implementation of stem cell-based therapeutic strategies in CHD.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted by searching Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane library, along with reference lists of the included studies through April 23, 2017.

Results:
Nineteen studies were included in this review (8 preclinical, 6 clinical, and 5 ongoing trials). Various routes of cardiac stem cell delivery have been reported, including intracoronary, intramyocardial, intravenous, and epicardial. Depending on their origin and level of differentiation at which they are harvested, stem cells may exhibit different properties. Preclinical studies have mostly focused on modeling right ventricle dysfunction or failure and pulmonary artery hypertension by using pressure or volume overload in vitro or in vivo. Only a limited number of clinical trials on patients with CHD exist, and these primarily focus on hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Cell-based tissue engineering has recently been introduced, and research currently is focusing on developing cell-seeded grafts and patches that could potentially grow in parallel with whole body growth once implanted in the heart.

Conclusions:
It seems that stem cell delivery to the diseased heart as an adjunct to surgical palliation may provide some benefits over surgery alone in terms of cardiac function, somatic growth, and quality of life. Despite encouraging preliminary results, stem cell therapies for patients with CHD should only be considered in the setting of well-designed clinical trials. More wet laboratory research experience is needed, and translation of promising findings to large clinical studies is warranted to clearly define the efficacy and safety profile of this alternative and potentially groundbreaking therapeutic approach.
Prognostic Significance of Blood Pressure Variability on Beat-to-Beat Monitoring After Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke
Authors: Webb Alastair J.S. , Mazzucco Sara , Li Linxin , Rothwell Peter M. 
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—
Visit-to-visit and day-to-day blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) predict an increased risk of cardiovascular events but only reflect 1 form of BPV. Beat-to-beat BPV can be rapidly assessed and might also be predictive.

Methods—
In consecutive patients within 6 weeks of transient ischemic attack or nondisabling stroke (Oxford Vascular Study), BPV (coefficient of variation) was measured beat-to-beat for 5 minutes (Finometer), day-to-day for 1 week on home monitoring (3 readings, 3× daily), and on awake ambulatory BP monitoring. BPV after 1-month standard treatment was related (Cox proportional hazards) to recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events for 2 to 5 years, adjusted for mean systolic BP.

Results—

Among 520 patients, 26 had inadequate beat-to-beat recordings, and 22 patients were in atrial fibrillation. Four hundred five patients had all forms of monitoring. Beat-to-beat BPV predicted recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events independently of mean systolic BP (hazard ratio per group SD, stroke: 1.47 [1.12–1.91];
P
=0.005; cardiovascular events: 1.41 [1.08–1.83];
P
=0.01), including after adjustment for age and sex (stroke: 1.47 [1.12–1.92];
P
=0.005) and all risk factors (1.40 [1.00–1.94];
P
=0.047). Day-to-day BPV was less strongly associated with stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.29 [0.97–1.71];
P
=0.08) but similarly with cardiovascular events (1.41 [1.09–1.83];
P
=0.009). BPV on awake ambulatory BP monitoring was nonpredictive (stroke: 0.89 [0.59–1.35];
P
=0.59; cardiovascular events: 1.08 [0.77–1.52];
P
=0.65). Despite a weak correlation (
r
=0.119;
P
=0.02), beat-to-beat BPV was associated with risk of recurrent stroke independently of day-to-day BPV (1.41 [1.05–1.90];
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—
Beat-to-beat BPV predicted recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events, independently of mean systolic BP and risk factors but short-term BPV on ambulatory BP monitoring did not. Beat-to-beat BPV may be a useful additional marker of cardiovascular risk.
Ecological Theology as Public Theology: A Chinese Perspective
Authors: Lai Pan-chiu 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The ecological discourses in China include the government’s political propaganda and the voices based on the traditional Chinese culture, especially Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism. Furthermore, there are also public discourses on ecological issues from the environmental scientists and/or activists, who may adhere to neither the political party line nor any traditional Chinese religious/philosophical perspectives. As such, when Chinese Christians attempt to address ecological issues, they have to respond to these divergent voices in the public sphere. This article reviews the Chinese Christian ecological discourses from the perspective of a public theology. It will examine whether, and how, they respond to the non-Christian voices, and analyze how they exhibit different approaches to public theology. It will further explore whether, and how, Chinese Christian ecological discourses could benefit from Christian discourses in other contexts, and may in return contribute to the global development of an ecological theology as a public discourse.
Partitioning Ice Water Content from Retrievals and Its Application in Model Comparison
Authors: Deng Min , Mace Gerald G. , Wang Zhien , Li J.-L. F. , Luo Yali 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Retrieved bulk microphysics from remote sensing observations is a composite of ice, snow, and graupel in the three-species ice-phase bulk microphysics parameterization. In this study, density thresholds are used to partition the retrieved ice particle size distribution (PSD) into small, median, and large particle size modes from millimeter cloud radar (MMCR) observations in the tropics and global CloudSat and CALIPSO ice cloud property product (2C-ICE) observations. It shows that the small mode can contribute to more than 60% of the total ice water content (IWC) above 12 km (colder than 220 K). Below that, dominant small mode transitions to dominant median mode. The large mode contributes to less than 10%–20% at all height levels. The PSD assumption in retrieval may cause about 10% error in the IWC partition ratio. The lidar-only region in 2C-ICE is dominated by the small mode, while the median mode dominates the radar-only region.
For the three-species ice-phase bulk microphysics parameterizations, the cloud ice mass mainly consists of the small mode. But snow and graupel in the models are not equivalent to the median and large modes in the observations, respectively. Therefore, they need to be repartitioned with rebuilt PSDs from the model assumptions using the same partition technique as the observations. The repartitioned IWCs in each mode from different ice species need to be added together and then compared with the corresponding mode from observations.
Predicting Intelligibility Deficit in Dysphonic Speech with Cepstral Peak Prominence
Authors: Ishikawa Keiko , de Alarcon Alessandro , Khosla Sid , Kelchner Lisa , Silbert Noah , Boyce Suzanne 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the potential of cepstral peak prominence (CPP) for predicting the intelligibility deficit in dysphonic speech. Methods: Sentences from Hearing-in-Noise Test were recorded from 18 speakers with dysphonia and 18 speakers with normal voice. These samples were presented to 60 adults with normal hearing in quiet and noise at signal to noise ratio of +0 dB. Intelligibility was measured by orthographic transcription. Cepstral peak prominence was measured for all samples. Correlation between CPP and intelligibility score was examined. Results: Intelligibility was significantly lower in dysphonic speech than normal speech in the presence of background noise. The correlation between CPP and intelligibility score was moderate when the intelligibility scores were averaged per speaker. Conclusions: Cepstral peak prominence only moderately predicts intelligibility deficit in dysphonic speech. Accordingly, CPP alone is not sufficient for describing the deficit.
Utilising virtual reality in alcohol studies: A systematic review
Authors: Durl James , Dietrich Timo , Pang Bo , Potter Leigh-Ellen , Carter Lewis 
Published: December 2017

Background: The resurgence of interest in virtual reality (VR) in recent years has been exciting for health educators and researchers, yet little is known about VR’s effectiveness. This systematic literature review aims to provide an overview of the prevalence of VR in alcohol studies and assess its effectiveness. Methods: Peer-reviewed articles were systematically searched from online databases including PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Emerald, Ovid, Taylor & Francis and EBSCO. The grey literature and conference papers were excluded. Studies that passed the inclusion criteria were qualitatively assessed. Findings: Of the 1,739 studies retrieved, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three main applications of VR were found: (1) cue-exposure therapy, (2) driving simulators for examining relationships between alcohol and neurological activity and (3) training of healthcare professionals. Only one study focussed on adolescents, and only one study reported longitudinal outcomes. Conclusion: VR remains underutilised in alcohol studies. VR has shown positive results across the three applications focused on in this review. However, longitudinal evidence of effects and effectiveness remains limited and therefore limits the relevance of findings. More long-term empirical research is warranted.
Developmental Steps in Metaphorical Language Abilities: The Influence of Age, Gender, Cognitive Flexibility, Information Processing Speed, and Analogical Reasoning
Authors: Willinger Ulrike , Deckert Matthias , Schmöger Michaela , Schaunig-Busch Ines , Formann Anton K , Auff Eduard 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: Metaphor is a specific type of figurative language that is used in various important fields such as in the work with children in clinical or teaching contexts. The aim of the study was to investigate the developmental course, developmental steps, and possible cognitive predictors regarding metaphor processing in childhood and early adolescence. Method: One hundred sixty-four typically developing children (7-year-olds, 9-year-olds) and early adolescents (11-year-olds) were tested for metaphor identification, comprehension, comprehension quality, and preference by the Metaphoric Triads Task as well as for analogical reasoning, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility under time pressure, and cognitive flexibility without time pressure. Results: Metaphor identification and comprehension consecutively increased with age. Eleven-year-olds showed significantly higher metaphor comprehension quality and preference scores than seven- and nine-year-olds, whilst these younger age groups did not differ. Age, cognitive flexibility under time pressure, information processing speed, analogical reasoning, and cognitive flexibility without time pressure significantly predicted metaphor comprehension. Conclusions: Metaphorical language ability shows an ongoing development and seemingly changes qualitatively at the beginning of early adolescence. These results can possibly be explained by a greater synaptic reorganization in early adolescents. Furthermore, cognitive flexibility under time pressure and information processing speed possibly facilitate the ability to adapt metaphor processing strategies in a flexible, quick, and appropriate way.
“Men Are in Front at Eating Time, but Not When It Comes to Rearing the Chicken”: Unpacking the Gendered Benefits and Costs of Livestock Ownership in Kenya
Authors: Dumas Sarah E. , Maranga Abena , Mbullo Patrick , Collins Shalean , Wekesa Pauline , Onono Maricianah , Young Sera L. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Livestock can promote resilience in low-income communities through a number of pathways. Livestock development programs seek to amplify these benefits but often fail to consider the costs to intended beneficiaries or the effect of prevailing gender norms. Objective: To explore perceptions of livestock ownership among female smallholder livestock keepers in Nyanza Region, Kenya, and unpack how the distribution of livestock benefits and investments varies by gender within households. Methods: We used multiple ethnographic techniques, including Photovoice, a photo-elicitation interview method, focus group discussions, and pile sorts, with female smallholder livestock owners (n = 18) participating in an ongoing cohort study. Transcripts were coded using a combination of a priori constructs and grounded theory. Results: We found that livestock benefited households by providing financial security, food security, social benefits, and human time and labor savings. However, these benefits largely promoted long-term household resilience rather than immediate gains. Livestock ownership also had major costs to household time and labor, which were overwhelmingly borne by women and children. Despite this investment, women had limited livestock ownership rights, decision-making power, control over income, or access to meat. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that livestock ownership requires significant investments of household time and labor, which disproportionately burden women. Prevailing gender inequalities may therefore constrain the net benefit of livestock ownership for many women and their households in some contexts. Livestock development programs must assess both program benefits and costs at multiple levels to ensure that women’s participation in livestock production leads to improved individual and household outcomes.
Vaccination Rates in Patients With Medical Indications for the Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in a Family Medicine Clinic
Authors: Trovato Anthony , Gunning Karen , Pippitt Karly 
Published: December 2017

Background: Pneumococcal vaccination rates among high-risk patients (eg, diabetes, asthma, smoking) seen in 2 family medicine clinics are unknown. Objectives: To assess differences in pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination rates and reasons for nonvaccination among patients with diabetes and asthma and patients who smoke. Methods: A chart review at 2 family medicine residency training clinics showed 425 patients with a medical indication for PPSV23 were seen between April 1, 2015, and April 30, 2015. One reviewer searched the electronic health records to assess reasons for nonvaccination. Results: Rates of nonvaccination were 29.8% in patients with diabetes, 58.7% in patients with asthma, and 62.5% in patients who smoke cigarettes. Patients were classified into 3 groups based on the reasons for nonvaccination: documented patient refusal, not being addressed by a provider, and being documented as low risk despite the presence of a medical indication. Conclusion: The 3 reasons for nonvaccination were vaccination not being addressed, misclassification of high-risk patients as low-risk patients for infection, and documented patient refusal. Providers overlooked vaccination more often in patients with asthma and cigarette use than in patients with diabetes. Patients seeing pharmacists were most likely to be vaccinated, whereas patients seeing physician assistants were least likely to be vaccinated. Pharmacists see patients to provide medication management and preventive care, whereas other providers treat more urgent conditions. Because indications are often overlooked and not addressed, pharmacists can play a larger role in identifying and vaccinating high-risk patients.
Risk Management in Emergency Department
Authors: Chiu HS , Chung CH 
Published: December 2017

Risk Management includes risk identification, assessment, prevention, control and event handling when they occur. With the change of social culture and public expectation, the need for more emphasis on risk management in clinical practice has become increasingly obvious. It is especially applicable to the practice of Emergency Medicine, which by its nature has intrinsic weaknesses vulnerable to mistakes and dissatisfaction. The newer trend recognises that the patient is the only one who is at real risk. In order to protect the patient and to lower litigation rate, the function of modern risk management is to ensure that every patient is handled in a correct, humane manner and to everybody's satisfaction.There are a few important concepts in modern risk management and risk classification. Many different methods are available for identifying high‐risk areas in relation to the practice of Emergency Medicine. Strategies in preventing or minimising unsatisfactory outcomes vary, but are essentially linked to the commitment for the provision of quality care and clinical audit. Non‐clinical events and medical insurance also have their share in risk management. In essence, careful planning, adequate preparation and continuous monitoring are required to ensure that potential problems can be dealt with quickly and effectively should they occur.