bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Translation Interventions to Improve the Timing of Dialysis Initiation
Authors: Chau Elaine M. T. , Manns Braden J. , Garg Amit X. , Sood Manish M. , Kim S. Joseph , Naimark David , Nesrallah Gihad E. , Soroka Steven D. , Beaulieu Monica , Dixon Stephanie , Alam Ahsan , Tangri Navdeep ,   on behalf of the Canadian Kidney Knowledge Translation and Generation Network (CANN-NET)
Published: October 2016

Background: Early initiation of chronic dialysis (starting dialysis with higher vs lower kidney function) has risen rapidly in the past 2 decades in Canada and internationally, despite absence of established health benefits and higher costs. In 2014, a Canadian guideline on the timing of dialysis initiation, recommending an intent-to-defer approach, was published. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a knowledge translation intervention to promote the intent-to-defer approach in clinical practice. Design: This study is a multicenter, 2-arm parallel, cluster randomized trial. Setting: The study involves 55 advanced chronic kidney disease clinics across Canada. Patients: Patients older than 18 years who are managed by nephrologists for more than 3 months, and initiate dialysis in the follow-up period are included in the study. Measurements: Outcomes will be measured at the patient-level and enumerated within a cluster. Data on characteristics of each dialysis start will be determined by linkages with the Canadian Organ Replacement Register. Primary outcomes include the proportion of patients who start dialysis early with an estimated glomerular filtration rate greater than 10.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 and start dialysis in hospital as inpatients or in an emergency room setting. Secondary outcomes include the rate of change in early dialysis starts; rates of hospitalizations, deaths, and cost of predialysis care (wherever available); quarterly proportion of new starts; and acceptability of the knowledge translation materials. Methods: We randomized 55 multidisciplinary chronic disease clinics (clusters) in Canada to receive either an active knowledge translation intervention or no intervention for the uptake of the guideline on the timing of dialysis initiation. The active knowledge translation intervention consists of audit and feedback as well as patient- and provider-directed educational tools delivered at a comprehensive in-person medical detailing visit. Control clinics are only exposed to guideline release without active dissemination. We hypothesize that the clinics randomized to the intervention group will have a lower proportion of early dialysis starts. Limitations: Limitations include passive dissemination of the guideline through publication, and lead-time and survivor bias, which favors delayed dialysis initiation. Conclusions: If successful, this active knowledge translation intervention will reduce early dialysis starts, lead to health and economic benefits, and provide a successful framework for evaluating and disseminating future guidelines. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02183987
Primary bronchial carcinoma associated with bone marrow metastasis and paraneoplastic monoclonal gammopathy in a cat
Authors: Cervone Mario , Beurlet Stéphanie 
Published: October 2016

Case summary Herein we describe an unusual metastatic pattern and paraneoplastic manifestation of a bronchial carcinoma in a cat. An 8 year-old cat presented with a diminished appetite, dysphagia, weight loss, lethargy and coughing. Thoracic radiographs revealed a lung mass. Bronchial carcinoma was diagnosed on the basis of histology and was associated with a lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the fibrovascular stroma. Biochemistry showed hyperproteinaemia. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a narrow spike in the gamma region. Bone marrow cytology revealed an infiltrate with numerous clustered epithelial cells. The cat was euthanased 2 months later because of anorexia and poor general condition. Relevance and novel information To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical description of primary bronchial carcinoma associated with bone marrow metastases and paraneoplastic monoclonal gammopathy in a cat.
The pre-synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin is a novel biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Öhrfelt Annika , Brinkmalm Ann , Dumurgier Julien , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Hansson Oskar , Zetterberg Henrik , Bouaziz-Amar Elodie , Hugon Jacques , Paquet Claire , Blennow Kaj 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Synaptic degeneration is a central pathogenic event in Alzheimer’s disease that occurs early during the course of disease and correlates with cognitive symptoms. The pre-synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin-1 appears to be essential for the maintenance of an intact synaptic transmission and cognitive function. Synaptotagmin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid is a candidate Alzheimer biomarker for synaptic dysfunction that also may correlate with cognitive decline.

Methods
In this study, a novel mass spectrometry-based assay for measurement of cerebrospinal fluid synaptotagmin-1 was developed, and was evaluated in two independent sample sets of patients and controls. Sample set I included cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (N = 17, age 52–86 years), patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (N = 5, age 62–88 years), and controls (N = 17, age 41–82 years). Sample set II included cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (N = 24, age 52–84 years), patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (N = 18, age 58–83 years), and controls (N = 36, age 43–80 years).

Results
The reproducibility of the novel method showed coefficients of variation of the measured synaptotagmin-1 peptide 215–223 (VPYSELGGK) and peptide 238–245 (HDIIGEFK) of 14 % or below. In both investigated sample sets, the CSF levels of synaptotagmin-1 were significantly increased in patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (P ≤ 0.0001) and in patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (P < 0.001). In addition, in sample set I the synaptotagmin-1 level was significantly higher in patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease compared with patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions
Cerebrospinal fluid synaptotagmin-1 is a promising biomarker to monitor synaptic dysfunction and degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease that may be useful for clinical diagnosis, to monitor effect on synaptic integrity by novel drug candidates, and to explore pathophysiology directly in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
The whole genome sequences and experimentally phased haplotypes of over 100 personal genomes
Authors: Mao Qing , Ciotlos Serban , Zhang Rebecca Yu , Ball Madeleine P , Chin Robert , Carnevali Paolo , Barua Nina , Nguyen Staci , Agarwal Misha R , Clegg Tom , Connelly Abram , Vandewege Ward , Zaranek Alexander Wait , Estep Preston W , Church George M , Drmanac Radoje , Peters Brock A 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
Since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, it is estimated that more than 200,000 individual whole human genomes have been sequenced. A stunning accomplishment in such a short period of time. However, most of these were sequenced without experimental haplotype data and are therefore missing an important aspect of genome biology. In addition, much of the genomic data is not available to the public and lacks phenotypic information.

Findings
As part of the Personal Genome Project, blood samples from 184 participants were collected and processed using Complete Genomics' Long Fragment Read technology. Here, we present the experimental whole genome haplotyping and sequencing of these samples to an average read coverage depth of 100X. This is approximately three-fold higher than the read coverage applied to most whole human genome assemblies and ensures the highest quality results. Currently, 114 genomes from this dataset are freely available in the GigaDB repository and are associated with rich phenotypic data; the remaining 70 should be added in the near future as they are approved through the PGP data release process. For reproducibility analyses, 20 genomes were sequenced at least twice using independent LFR barcoded libraries. Seven genomes were also sequenced using Complete Genomics' standard non-barcoded library process. In addition, we report 2.6 million high-quality, rare variants not previously identified in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms database or the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 data.

Conclusions
These genomes represent a unique source of haplotype and phenotype data for the scientific community and should help to expand our understanding of human genome evolution and function.
Medical comorbidity and projected survival in patients admitted to a specialist addictions in-patient unit
Authors: Mogford Daniel V. , Lawrence Rebecca J. 
Published: October 2016

Aims and methodTo investigate the burden of medical comorbidity in a population receiving in-patient treatment for drug and alcohol problems. All patients admitted over a 6-month period were included in the data-set. We recorded diagnostic information on admission that allowed the calculation of predicted 10-year survival using a previously validated comorbidity index.ResultsDespite the majority of the sample having a predicted 10-year survival chance of greater than 75%, a sizeable minority (16.7%) are carrying a high burden of medical comorbidity, with a predicted 10-year survival chance of less than 50%. More than half (55.2%) of these patients were under the age of 55. Chronic respiratory disease was the most frequent diagnosis.Clinical implicationsIn-patient substance misuse units serve a complicated group of patients, whose needs are met by active medical input, resident medical cover and effective liaison with general hospitals. This is important when planning and commissioning treatment services. The high burden of respiratory disease suggests the utility of robust smoking cessation interventions among this population.
“For So Long the Memories of Men Cannot Contradict It”: Nahua Patrimonial Restorationism and the Law in Early New Spain
Authors: Villella Peter B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article builds on recent scholarship emphasizing native contributions to Spanish American legal and political cultures to consider how Nahua leaders in early colonial Mexico influenced the construction of imperial policy vis-à-vis indigenous patrimonial lands. By examining a series of cases brought before colonial authorities in Mexico City in the 1530s, it details the efforts of certain highborn Nahuas who resisted efforts by Spanish conquerors to expand their access to Indian wealth. When challenged before colonial tribunals, they defended their actions by emphasizing the overriding importance of custom, ancestry, and kinship in determining land and resource rights. Whether successful or not, such arguments had broader consequences, as they compelled colonial authorities to explicitly weigh and adjudicate disputes shaped to a substantial degree by pre-Hispanic history, by events occurring decades and generations prior to the Spanish conquest. Thus Nahua patrimonial restorationism helped induce precedents that explicitly afforded legal weight to local custom and ancestry at a critical early stage when imperial law with regard to Indian lands remained inchoate and shifting. Not only did it facilitate royal efforts to constrain conqueror claims to native wealth, it also contributed to the eventual recognition of native patrimonial lands in Spanish imperial law.
Regulatory effects of electronic beam irradiation on mir-21/smad7-mediated collagen I synthesis in keloid-derived fibroblasts
Authors: Li Shifeng , Liu Wei , Lei Ying , Long Jianhong 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Keloid scarring is an abnormal pathological scar characterized by excessive fibro proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. Electronic beam irradiation is commonly used with surgical removal to control high recurrence rates of keloid scarring; however, the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we used keloid-derived primary fibroblasts (KF) as the cell model, and a dose of 15 Gy energy, followed by quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting and gene overexpression/knock down techniques were used to reveal the molecular mechanisms affected by electronic beam irradiation. We found that mir-21 was highly expressed in KF and was downregulated by irradiation. We also showed that smad7 was a direct target of mir-21. Moreover, the expression level of smad7 was low in KF and upregulated by irradiation. We also found that smad7 controls Col-1 synthesis by mediating p38 phosphorylation, and this process was affected by electronic beam irradiation. The regulatory effect of electronic beam irradiation on the expression of mir-21, smad7, p38, p-p38 and Col-1 could be partly restored by mir-21 overexpression achieved by mir-21 mimic transfection. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that mir-21/smad7 regulated Col-1 expression in KF and that electronic beam irradiation was capable of decreasing Col-1 production by modifying mir-21/smad7-mediated p38 activation. This is the first report identifying the effects of electronic beam irradiation on miRNAs, providing a novel strategy to discover the molecular mechanisms of radiotherapy.
Proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy: a comparative study from the Czech Republic
Authors: Rahman Ashiqur Rahman , Civelek Mehmet Civelek , Kozubikova Ludmila Kozubikova 
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this comparative study is to explore the differences in the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) between micro versus small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We have selected three dimensions of EO (proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy) for our analysis. We have analyzed the data collected from 1141 respondents during the period of 2015 from 14 regions of the Czech Republic, which consists of 740 micro firms and 401 small and medium firms. Empirical results of our paper show significant differences between micro versus small and medium enterprises in terms of proactiveness and autonomy. However, we can only partially confirm that micro firms are statistically different from the SMEs in terms of competitive aggressiveness. Thus, our paper enables better understanding of the EO from the firm size perspective, when they have different levels of resources.
Short-term Variability of Vitamin D–Related Biomarkers
Authors: Lutsey Pamela L , Parrinello Christina M , Misialek Jeffrey R , Hoofnagle Andy N , Henderson Clark M , Laha Thomas J , Michos Erin D , Eckfeldt John H , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuantifying the variability of biomarkers is important, as high within-person variability can lead to misclassification of individuals. Short-term variability of important markers of vitamin D metabolism is relatively unknown.METHODSA repeatability study was conducted in 160 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants (60% female, 28% black, mean age 76 years). Fasting serum was drawn at 2 time points, a median of 6 (range 3–13) weeks apart. Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by LC-MS, fibroblast growth factor (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and calcium and phosphorus by Roche Cobas 6000. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were calculated. We calculated the within-person CV (CVW), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r), and percent reclassified.RESULTSThe CVW was lowest for calcium (2.0%), albumin (3.6%), 25(OH)D (6.9%), VDBP (7.0%) and phosphorus (7.6%); intermediate for free 25(OH)D (9.0%) and bioavailable 25(OH)D (9.9%); and highest for PTH (16.7%) and FGF23 (17.8%). Reclassification was highest for PTH, VDBP, and phosphorus (all 7.5%). The ICC and r were highest (≥0.80) for 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D, bioavailable 25(OH)D and PTH, but somewhat lower (approximately 0.60–0.75) for the other biomarkers.CONCLUSIONSSix-week short-term variability, as assessed by CVW, was quite low for VDBP, calcium and phosphorus, but fairly high for FGF23 and PTH. As such, multiple measurements of FGF23 and PTH may be needed to minimize misclassification. These results provide insight into the extent of potential misclassification of vitamin D markers in research and clinical settings.
Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by radiofrequency of the Gasserian ganglion
Authors: Guo Jinwan , Dong Xiaoli , Zhao Xuli 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a neuropathic pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve distribution area. Pharmacological therapy has remained the first-line treatment for TN. If pharmacological intervention is not effective, surgical treatments including radiosurgery (mainly gamma knife therapy), radiofrequency (RF) of the Gasserian ganglion, and microvascular decompression have been utilized. RF is one of the most common procedures used to treat TN. Two RF approaches are commonly utilized: conventional radiofrequency (CRF) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF). Both methods have been used to successfully treat TN; however, each procedure has distinct advantages and disadvantages. This article summarizes the current relevant literature to compare the treatment of TN with CRF vs. PRF. We discuss the treatment indications, operative methods, and complications of each treatment strategy. Most of the patients treated with CRF had a satisfactory outcome, whereas most PRF patients still had significant pain after the procedure. The application of a higher voltage can improve the curative effect of PRF, and its complications are less than CRF. Both CRF and PRF can be used to treat TN, and the former was more effective. Although the complications of CRF are more than those of PRF, most of them were short-lived and lacked sequelae. The pain relief rate in PRF-treated patients was significantly lower compared to CRF-treated patients. Furthermore, recurring pain was more commonly observed in PRF-treated patients. Therefore, CRF may be the preferred treatment option for TN, whereas treatment with PRF requires further study.
Transiente Ultraschallfeldvisualisierung von Transmissionsvorgängen an Platten auf Basis der Refraktovibrometrie
Authors: Marhenke Torben , Twiefel Jens , Hasener Jörg 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung
In vielen Verfahren der zerstörungsfreien Prüftechnik findet die Ultraschalltechnik Anwendung. Unter anderem wird die
Ultraschallprüfung in der Delaminationserkennung bzw. der zerstörungsfreien Qualitätsüberwachung von plattenförmigen
Holzwerkstoffen verwendet. Zur Analyse und Optimierung dieses Verfahrens ist es notwendig, ein Verständnis für die
Schallfeldausbreitung zu entwickeln. Dazu soll das transiente Ausbreitungsverhalten der Ultraschallwellen
visualisiert werden, wobei das Refraktovibrometrieverfahren eine geeignete Möglichkeit
darstellt.
Die Refraktovibrometrie dient der qualitativen Charakterisierung und Visualisierung von Schallwellen in transparenten
Medien. Der große Vorteil dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, dass keine zusätzlichen Messgeräte oder andere Geräte in das
Schallfeld eingebracht werden müssen und somit eine Rückwirkung auf die Druckverteilung vermieden wird. Durch diese
Messmethode ist es möglich, die transiente, hochfrequente Schallausbreitung rückwirkungsfrei als zweidimensionale
Projektion qualitativ zu visualisieren und als Animation darzustellen. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass die ermittelten
zweidimensionalen Projektionen trotz der Wegintegration eine qualitative und in Teilen sogar eine quantitative Aussage
über die Schalldruckverteilung erlauben, wobei die Unterschiede zu Mikrofonmessungen unter einem Prozent liegen.
Mit Hilfe der Refraktovibrometrieaufnahmen wurden erstmalig Erkenntnisse über die transiente Schallwellenausbreitung bei
der Delaminationserkennung in plattenförmigen Holzwerkstoffen erlangt. Außerdem wurden aus den Ergebnissen
Optimierungsmaßnahmen für das Messsystem der Delaminationserkennung abgeleitet und überprüft. Weiterhin bilden die
Ergebnisse die Grundlage für weitere Optimierungsschritte sowie die Validierung von Simulationen.
Nicht-invasive Prozesssonde zur Inline-Ramananalyse durch optische Schaugläser
Authors: Braun Frank , Schalk Robert , Brunner Jochen , Eckhardt Hanns Simon , Theuer Michael , Veith Ute , Hennig Steffen , Ferstl Wolfgang , Methner Frank-Jürgen , Beuermann Thomas , Gretz Norbert , Rädle Matthias 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung
Trotz der bekannten Vorteile der Raman-Spektroskopie, wie bspw. eine höhere chemische Selektivität gegenüber
Messmethoden im nahen Infrarot (NIR) oder die im Vergleich zum mittleren Infrarotbereich (MIR) niedrigen
Matrixeinflüsse des Wassermoleküls, ist diese optische Messtechnik in der Online-Prozessanalysentechnik nicht weit
verbreitet. Ein wesentliches Problem besteht in einem oftmals kostenintensiven Nachrüsten einer Messstelle durch den
Einbau sogenannter Immersionssonden in eine produktführende Rohrleitung oder einen Behälter. Eine praktikable
Alternative stellt das hier entwickelte neuartige Sondensystem dar, welches eine Strahlführung über Linsen mit
relativ großen Durchmessern beinhaltet, da dieses an vorhandene Schauglasarmaturen angekoppelt werden kann. Mit diesem
robusten Sondenaufbau sind Brennweiten weit über 25 mm möglich, welche Echtzeit-Messungen von
außerhalb der produktführenden Leitungen durch optische Schaugläser gestatten. Die dadurch entstehenden
Messoptionen werden exemplarisch am Nachweis von Ethanol durch Schaugläser unterschiedlicher Dicken sowie bei einer
quantitativen Echtzeit-Verfolgung eines Propylencarbonat-Wasser-Gemisches durch eine Schauglasarmatur (Nenndruck PN 16,
Nennweite DN 50) im Technikumsmaßstab untersucht. Die vorgestellte Raman-Sonde hat durch einfache Adaption an bereits
vorhandene Armaturen industrieller Anlagen das Potential einer preiswerten und kontaktlosen Inline-Messlösung mit
hoher Standzeit in der Prozessanalysentechnik (PAT).
“Playing Hide-and-Seek with the Frosty Monster”
Authors: Stevens William F. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This essay traces the major contentions of Postmodern theology and analyzes Paul Tillich’s theological concepts and demonstrates that his theology is still relevant in the ongoing debate in current religious philosophy. Analyzing the onto-theological concerns of Heidegger, Jean-Luc Marion’s comparison of the concepts of icon, idol and the gift, as well the ethics of Levinas, Tillich’s concept of the “Unconditioned” can be interpreted as a bridge between modernity and postmodernity. In addition, Tillich’s notions of the “Protestant Principle” and the “Gestalt of grace” are reminders that his theological critiques parallel the contemporary concerns of the limitations of human concepts of God.
Paul Tillich und die postmoderne Kulturdebatte
Authors: Haigis Peter 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Superficially considered, the connection between Paul Tillich’s theology and the postmodern cultural debates is an anachronism. A more thorough analysis, however, produces elements of his thought that are quite compatible with postmodern ideas on culture. In my essay, I interpret Tillich’s theology as a kind of “meta-theoretical” reflection on cultural theories, making it able to critically connect to the postmodern cultural debates.