bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating Molecular Structure of S,N‐Heteroacene Non‐fullerene Acceptors to Achieve Efficient Photoelectric Properties†
Authors: Liu Mingtao , Zhu Peipei , Lai Shiting , Zhang Xiage , Fu Yuang , Xue Ling , Liu Dan , Feng Kui , Lu Xinhui , Guo Xugang , Liao Xunfan , Chen Yiwang 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryThe ternary strategy has demonstrated its efficacy in improving charge transport in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, three novel non‐fullerene acceptors, SN6C9‐4F, SN6C9‐4Cl and SN6C10‐4F, based on S,N‐heteroacene linear backbone were designed and synthesized. The three acceptors exhibit excellent molecular coplanarity, high crystallinity and possess a deep‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level, which is beneficial for charge transport and injection in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Notably, the OFET devices based on all three acceptors achieved impressive electron mobilities, with SN6C10‐4F achieving up to 0.73 cm2·V–1·s–1, which is one of the highest values among A‐D‐A type small molecules. In addition, the OSCs device based on PBDB‐T:SN6C9‐4F exhibited the best power conversion efficiency of 12.07% owing to its optimal morphology and enhanced charge transport. Moreover, the incorporation of SN6C9‐4F into the efficient PM6:L8‐BO binary system to form ternary OSCs resulted in extended absorption range, enhanced donor crystallization, improved and more balanced charge transport, ultimately leading to an improvement of PCE from 17.78% to 18.32%. This study highlights the potential of developing acceptors with distinct structures from Y‐series acceptors to broaden absorption and regulate donor crystallization, providing a novel approach to enhance the PCE of OSCs.
Smoking prevalence and association with sociodemographic variables in cancer clinical trial participants
Authors: Presant Cary A. , Till Cathee , Vaidya Riha , Ashing Kimlin Tan , Warren Graham W. , Sun Virginia , Salgia Ravi , Massarelli Erminia , Mortimer Joanne E. , Pal Sumanta , Dorff Tanya , Amini Arya , Erhunmwunsee Loretta , Phillips Tanyanika , Hershman Dawn L. , Unger Joseph M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundTobacco use (smoking) causes adverse clinical outcomes among patients with cancer, including increased cancer‐related mortality. In participants in cancer clinical trials, the prevalence of tobacco use and the factors associated with tobacco use are not well described.MethodsData were examined from participants enrolled in SWOG cancer clinical treatment trials between 2016 and 2022 who reported their smoking status at trial enrollment. Baseline variables (smoking status, insurance type, zip code, and demographic factors) were obtained from patient registration forms. Bivariate and multivariable associations were examined via logistic regression.ResultsAmong 4326 patients enrolled in 29 trials, 48.1% reported currently/previously smoking, including 12.4% currently, 4.9% recently, and 30.7% formerly. Ever smoking was more commonly reported in males, patients aged ≥65 years, patients with Medicaid or no insurance, patients from areas of high socioeconomic deprivation, and rural patients. Patients of Hispanic ethnicity and Asian and Pacific Islander patients were less likely to have ever smoked. In multivariable regression, patients with lung cancer were most likely to report ever smoking compared to patients with breast cancer (odds ratio, 4.98; p < .001).ConclusionsIn the first comprehensive evaluation of smoking status among trial participants enrolled in National Cancer Institute network group treatment trials, nearly half reported ever smoking and one in six reported current or recent smoking. Smoking was more common among vulnerable population patients defined by demographic and socioeconomic factors. Tobacco use should be routinely assessed and reported in clinical trials to help reduce the negative cancer and overall health effects of persistent tobacco use and to address disparities among patients with cancer.
Reflective practice through a metaphor evaluation task: Should multicultural society be a melting pot, a mosaic or something else?
Authors: Shakoury Kayvan , Boers Frank 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article reports an investigation into how a procedure to enhance their metaphor awareness assisted a group of university students in Canada in reflecting on multicultural society. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 50 students who were invited to (a) express their views of Canadian multicultural society, (b) evaluate metaphors used for this topic and (c) reconsider their own metaphors. For most of the students, the metaphor evaluation task led to a better understanding of the implications of the metaphors, which helped them to assess their appropriateness. Through evaluating the metaphors, these students reflected on the matter of cultural diversity in Canada and on the characteristics of a truly multicultural society. The study illustrates how raising students' metaphor awareness can contribute to their reasoning about societal issues.
The Spironolactone Initiation Registry Randomized Interventional Trial in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (SPIRRIT‐HFpEF): Rationale and design
Authors: Lund Lars H. , James Stefan , DeVore Adam D. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Fudim Marat , Aaronson Keith D. , Dahlström Ulf , Desvigne‐Nickens Patrice , Fleg Jerome L. , Yang Song , Fu Michael , Hage Camilla , Held Claes , Karlström Patric , Nygren Magnus , Peterson Eric D. , Pol Tymon , Sapp Shelly , Sundström Johan , Östlund Ollie , Oldgren Jonas , Pitt Bertram 
Published: September 2024

AimsBenefits of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF/HFmrEF) have not been established. Conventional randomized controlled trials are complex and expensive. The Spironolactone Initiation Registry Randomized Interventional Trial in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (SPIRRIT‐HFpEF) is a unique pragmatic registry‐based randomized controlled trial.MethodsSPIRRIT‐HFpEF is a multicentre, prospective, randomized, open‐label, blinded endpoint trial conducted on platforms in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF) and the United States (US) Trial Innovation Network. Patients with HFpEF/HFmrEF are randomized 1:1 to spironolactone (or eplerenone) in addition to usual care, versus usual care alone. The primary outcome is total number of cardiovascular deaths and hospitalizations for heart failure. Outcomes are collected from Swedish administrative complete coverage registries and a US call centre and subsequently adjudicated. Simple eligibility criteria were based on data available in SwedeHF: heart failure as outpatient or at discharge from hospital, left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40%, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide >300 ng/L (in sinus rhythm) or >750 ng/L (in atrial fibrillation), with pre‐specified adjustment for elevated body mass index, and chronic loop diuretic use. Power and sample size assessments were based on an event‐driven design allowing enrolment over approximately 6 years, and application of hazard ratios from the TOPCAT trial, Americas subset. The final sample size is expected to be approximately 2400 patients.ConclusionSPIRRIT‐HFpEF will be informative on the effectiveness of generic MRAs in HFpEF and HFmrEF, and on the feasibility of conducting pragmatic and registry‐based trials in heart failure and other chronic conditions.
The role of genetic testing in adult patients with unexplained epilepsy
Authors: Chung Chi‐Ting , Lee Ni‐Chung , Lin I‐Ting , Chen Pin‐Yu , Jao Tun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveGenetic causes are often overlooked in patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology, particularly in adults. We aimed to evaluate clinical features of genetic epilepsy and the utility of genetic testing.MethodsWe retrospectively screened consecutive unrelated adult epilepsy patients at an epilepsy clinic from April 2022 to May 2023. Patients with unknown etiology or special brain lesions were classified as unexplained epilepsy. In them, patients with young‐onset seizures or family history of seizures who were recommended for and ultimately underwent genetic testing using either panel next‐generation sequencing (NGS) or whole‐exome sequencing (WES) were enrolled. A definite or probable genetic diagnosis was established through genotype–phenotype correlation. We compared the demographic characteristics between genetic epilepsy and other etiologies.ResultsOf the 374 adult epilepsy patients, 258 were classified as unexplained epilepsy, 129 were suspected of having genetic epilepsy due to young‐onset seizures or a positive family history, 33 underwent genetic testing; 13 harbored variants classified as pathogenic, and 6 reached a definite genetic diagnosis, resulting in a yield of 18%. Among the 27 patients without a definite genetic diagnosis, 7 had a nongenetic structural etiology. Patients with genetic etiology exhibited greater multisystem involvement particularly multiple structural anomalies and early childhood‐onset seizures, but wasn't directly correlated with young‐onset seizures or a positive family history. The diagnostic yield was comparable between panel NGS and WES.SignificanceIn adult patients with unexplained epilepsy, genetic epilepsy is more associated with multisystem involvement and multiple structural anomalies but not family history of seizures or young‐onset seizures.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and oxidative damage in high‐fat diet‐induced impairment of spermatogenesis: Role of protocatechuic acid intervention
Authors: Hu Ruizhi , Yang Xizi , Wang Long , Su Dingding , He Ziyu , Li Jiaxing , Gong Jiatai , Zhang Wentao , Ma Siqi , Shi Mingkun , Lv Jing , Zhang Qianjin , Hou De‐Xing , Zhang Hongfu , He Jianhua , Yin Yulong , Wang Jun , Wu Shusong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the realm of experimental and epidemiological research, the impact of endotoxemia caused by obesity on male fertility is widely acknowledged. However, the existing body of evidence lacks rigorous studies to substantiate this notion. To address this gap, we have selected protocatechuic acid (PCA) as a potential inhibitor of endotoxemia induced by obesity. This selection is further supported by our utilization of a male model of C57BL/6J mice induced by a high‐fat diet (HFD) and the fecal microbiota transplantation assay. Our findings reveal a negative correlation between semen quality and endotoxin levels in the mice model induced by an HFD. Furthermore, intervention with PCA resulted in the restoration of testicular morphology, sperm traits, and function. The transplantation of PCA did not exhibit restorative effects on semen quality, but it did effectively prevent obesity‐induced intestinal leakage and endotoxemia. By directly enhancing antioxidant capacity, PCA successfully reversed the fertility reduction caused by obesity. These findings offer substantiation that endotoxemia does not play a significant role in the diminished fertility observed in obese males and propose that the inclusion of dietary antioxidant supplementation can potentially restore male fertility.
Could Diffusion Indexes Have Forecasted the Great Depression?
Authors: Mathy Gabriel , Zhao Yongchen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWas the Depression forecastable? In this paper, we test how effective diffusion indexes are in forecasting the deepest recession in US history: the Great Depression. In a seminal paper, Moore considered the effectiveness of diffusion indexes, though retrospectively and not out‐of‐sample. We reconstruct Moore's diffusion indexes for this historical period and make our own comparable indexes for out‐of‐sample predictions. We find that diffusion indexes, including the horizon‐specific ones we produce, can nowcast turning points fairly well. Forecasting remains difficult, but our results suggest that the initial downturn in 1929 may be forecastable months before the Great Crash. This is a novel result, as previous authors had generally found the Depression was not forecastable.
Developing the Society of Obstetric Medicine Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) Hypertension in Pregnancy Guideline 2023: Guideline development approaches, challenges and contextual considerations
Authors: Shanmugalingam Renuka , Munn Zachary , Barker Timothy H. , Barrett Helen L. , Beech Amanda , Bowyer Lucy , Crozier Tim , Davidson Amanda , Nitert Marloes Dekker , Doyle Aunty Kerrie , Grzeskowiak Luke , Hall Nicole , Hassan Hicham Cheikh , Hennessy Annemarie , Henry Amanda , Langsford David , Lee Vincent W. , Peek Michael , Said Joanne M. , Tanner Helen , Taylor Rachel , Ward Meredith , Waugh Jason , Yen Linda , Medcalf Ellie , Bell Katy , Ackermann Deonna , Turner Robin , Makris Angela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Society of Obstetric Medicine Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) Hypertension in Pregnancy Guideline 2023 is the first evidence‐based guideline for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that has been developed to the standards of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). This article describes the methodology, challenges and considerations in developing the guideline and includes details on group composition, literature search, evidence synthesis and development of recommendations. We also discuss several practical considerations and challenges related to contextual issues, topics of interest and resources available for guideline developers working with similar jurisdictions or topics.
A novel approach for the active‐mode indirect drying of food grains with high temperature thermal energy storage system
Authors: Verma Ashutosh , Kukreja Rajeev , Srinivas Tangellapalli , Buddhi Dharam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a novel approach for the active‐mode indirect drying of food grains using an independent high‐temperature thermal energy storage (TES) system. It uses commercial software to conduct numerical analysis of a solar drying unit fused with indirect TES. Employing commercial grade phase change material X‐180, solar drying unit incorporates scheffler dishes, receiver, TES, thermic fluid pump, air blower, and dryer fitted with a radiator. Heat transfer fluid Thermenol‐66 has been used to facilitate the heat transfer from receiver to TES and dryer. Two distinct TES designs, one without fins (case A) and the other with fins (case B), have been used to encapsulate phase change material and facilitate the flow of heat transfer fluid. The dynamic performance of independent solar drying unit components was examined at various mass flow rates during charging and discharging process. The results demonstrate that adding 42 fins, i.e. (case B), reduces the charging and discharging time to 22% and 24%, respectively. Due to high charging and discharging power, the rate of temperature change in case B is 19% higher compared to case A. To maintain drying quality, the dryer should have a continual flow of hot air at a constant temperature. Therefore, utilization of the TES, case A, provides a significantly higher uniformity index and a more extended drying period during the discharge process.
Numerical investigation of an axisymmetric, dissipative, and unstable micropolar fluid flow over a stretched Riga plate incorporating mixed convection and chemical reaction
Authors: Swapna T. , Shamshuddin MD , Sunder Ram M. , Salawu S. O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe demand to improve the thermal performance of industrial working fluids and materials for better quality in engineering and household devices has spurred numerous studies on non‐Newtonian viscous fluids under various conditions. Researchers have explored different structures and geometries to understand and enhance the thermal propagation of fluid particles. As such, this research aims to investigate the effects of two‐dimensional unsteady boundary layer flow phenomena of a dissipative micropolar fluid over a radially stretching Riga plate when first‐order slip, thermal and solutal boundary conditions, mixed convection, and thermal radiation are all considered. Ordinary differential equations are the governing equations resulting from converting partial differential equations. The boundary layer conditions are altered and numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta fourth‐order shooting approach. Graphs and tables are used to visually analyze the physical attributes of temperature, concentration, velocity distributions, skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood in relation to various factors. The results reveal significant insights into the impact of mixed convection and chemical reactions on the flow characteristics and dimensions. These findings have important implications for various engineering applications, particularly in enhancing industrial systems' heat and mass transfer processes, providing practical knowledge for improving thermal performance in real‐world applications.
Ubiquitylomics: An Emerging Approach for Profiling Protein Ubiquitylation in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Lord Samuel O. , Johnston Harvey E. , Samant Rahul S. , Lai Yu‐Chiang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSkeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue, finely tuned by various physiological and pathological factors. Whilst the pivotal role of skeletal muscle in overall health is widely acknowledged, unravelling the underlying molecular mechanisms poses ongoing challenges. Protein ubiquitylation, a crucial post‐translational modification, is involved in regulating most biological processes. This widespread impact is achieved through a diverse set of enzymes capable of generating structurally and functionally distinct ubiquitin modifications on proteins. The complexity of protein ubiquitylation has presented significant challenges in not only identifying ubiquitylated proteins but also characterising their functional significance. Mass spectrometry enables in‐depth analysis of proteins and their post‐translational modification status, offering a powerful tool for studying protein ubiquitylation and its biological diversity: an approach termed ubiquitylomics. Ubiquitylomics has been employed to tackle different perspectives of ubiquitylation, including but not limited to global quantification of substrates and ubiquitin linkages, ubiquitin site recognition and crosstalk with other post‐translational modifications. As the field of mass spectrometry continues to evolve, the usage of ubiquitylomics has unravelled novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of protein ubiquitylation governing biology. However, ubiquitylomics research has predominantly been conducted in cellular models, limiting our understanding of ubiquitin signalling events driving skeletal muscle biology. By integrating the intricate landscape of protein ubiquitylation with dynamic shifts in muscle physiology, ubiquitylomics promises to not only deepen our understanding of skeletal muscle biology but also lay the foundation for developing transformative muscle‐related therapeutics. This review aims to articulate how ubiquitylomics can be utilised by researchers to address different aspects of ubiquitylation signalling in skeletal muscle. We explore methods used in ubiquitylomics experiments, highlight relevant literature employing ubiquitylomics in the context of skeletal muscle and outline considerations for experimental design.
How and when do frequent daily work interruptions contribute to or undermine daily job satisfaction? A stress appraisal perspective
Authors: Körner Barbara , Debus Maike E. , Wu Chia‐Huei , Kleinmann Martin 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis research brings a broad stress appraisal lens to the study of frequent daily work interruptions, offering a unifying theoretical framework to answer why and when work interruptions can engender negative or positive reactions, thereby explaining seemingly contradictory empirical findings. Drawing on cognitive appraisal theory, we propose that frequent interruptions simultaneously trigger hindrance and threat appraisals, which are associated with negative affective reactions (daily negative affect), and challenge appraisal promoting progress toward daily goals (daily work goal progress). These reactions subsequently shape attitudes (daily job satisfaction) later in the day. Furthermore, when an individual appraises frequent interruptions as controllable (i.e., secondary appraisal), they are less likely to view them as a hindrance or threat and more likely to view them as a challenge. Daily diary data from two studies show that frequent work interruptions can elicit hindrance, threat, and challenge appraisals, and threat appraisal is found to increase daily negative affect and undermine daily work goal progress and, thus, daily job satisfaction. In Study 1, interruptions facilitate daily work goal progress. We also discuss the results of secondary appraisal as a moderator. Taken together, our research provides a broad lens of stress appraisal to expand future research on interruptions.
Synergistic interactions between urban heat islands and heat waves in the Greater Kuala Lumpur and surrounding areas
Authors: Syed Mahbar Sharifah Faridah , Kusaka Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe synergistic interactions between urban heat islands (UHI) and heat waves (HW) continue to be debated. Despite the expectations of UHI intensification during HW, several studies have demonstrated variations. Notably, there is a dearth of investigations concerning the UHI–HW synergy in tropical climate cities amidst the escalating trend of more frequent and severe HW in Southeast Asia. To address this gap, our study aimed to investigate the synergies between the UHI and HW phenomena in Greater Kuala Lumpur (GKL) and its surrounding areas. We employed the advanced research version 4.2.2 of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, coupled with a single‐layer Urban Canopy Model (UCM), to examine the impact of UHI during two heat wave events in 2016 (Case 1) and 2020 (Case 2), against the periods immediately before and after these events, which we refer to as Pre‐Post HW (PPHW), in GKL. An elevated UHI intensity (UHII) was evident during the HW in both observations and simulations, with a noticeable distinction particularly observed in Case 1. During HW, observed data indicates average UHII peaks at 1.8°C (0100 LST (UTC+8)) and 1.7°C (1500 LST) in Cases 1 and 2, respectively. In contrast, those for PPHW days for Cases 1 and 2 are 1.5°C (0000 LST) and 1.2°C (0100 LST), respectively. The maximum observed heat loads are likely to occur at noon, reaching 2.3°C at 1600 LST in Case 1 and 3.7°C at 1500 LST in Case 2. LST stands for local standard time. Heat flux component analysis from the surface energy balance model confirmed the UHI–HW synergy. A notable difference in the Bowen Ratio between urban and rural areas highlights the effect of urbanisation on heat fluxes, potentially exacerbating urban discomfort during HW. Consistent across all measurement methods, the evidence indicates a clear and positive synergy between the UHI and HW in the GKL. This study can potentially deliver valuable insights, especially in urban planning, where the implications of weather events are substantial.