bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Herzberg Benjamin , Campo Meghan J. , Gainor Justin F. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Historically, lung cancer was long considered a poorly immunogenic malignancy. In recent years, however, immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To date, the best characterized and most therapeutically relevant immune checkpoints have been cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) pathway. In early studies, PD-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors demonstrated promising antitumor activity and durable clinical responses in a subset of patients. Based on these encouraging results, multiple different PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have entered clinical development, and two agents (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) have gained regulatory approval in the United States for the treatment of NSCLC. In several large, randomized studies, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have produced significant improvements in overall survival compared with single-agent docetaxel delivered in the second-line setting, effectively establishing a new standard of care in NSCLC. In the present report, we provide an overview of the rationale for checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer, recent clinical trial data, and the need for predictive biomarkers.
Karakteristik Protein dan Nitrogen Non Protein Daging Ikan Cucut Lanyam (Charcharhinus limbatus) (Characteristics of Protein and Non Protein Nitrogen in Lanyam Shark Muscle)
Authors: Fitrial Yuspihana 
Published: August 2016

<p>The aim of these research were to study the characteristics of protein and non protein nitrogen contained in Lanyam shark muscle, to obtain the protein solubility curve and iso-electric point. This research begins with the analysis of protein solubility of shark muscle at several levels of pH (from 1.5-12 with intervals of 0.5),. Then, performed classification of shark muscle protein nitrogen solubility in some solvents by using the classification Osborn, to observed the influence of the process of washing and boiling on non-protein nitrogen and urea in shark muscle and to study the thermal stability of muscle protein with differential scanning calorimetric study.</p>Based on protein solubility of Lanyam muscle at pH 1.5 to 12 obtained two points which is minimum solubility at pH 4.5 and pH 9. Based on the classification Osborn, Lanyam muscle contained albumin (28.64%), globulin (13:44%), prolamin (03.29%), glutelin (33.70%). Observation of non-protein nitrogen levels indicated that the washing process was very effective to reduce non-protein nitrogen levels up to 62.34% and urea levels up to 58% . Differential Scanning Calorimetry Study of Lanyam mince showed two types of protein that has a different stability to heat and after added 2.5% NaCl formed a peak which is a fusion of both these proteins
UJI COBA PENANGKAPAN MENGGUNAKAN AYUNAN DENGAN BENTUK YANG BERBEDA ((EXPERIMENTAL FISHING USING AYUNAN WITH DIFFERENT FORMS)
Authors: Irhamsyah Irhamsyah 
Published: August 2016

<p>Ayunan is the trap most widely used by public Sungai Batang Village, in addition to the unique shape of this tool also has an extensive capacity to accommodate good catches of shrimp and fish species. In addition to the village of Sungai Batang, at the Hulu Sungai region there is also the ayunan that looks different from contained in Sungai Batang Village.</p><p>This study aims to (1) know the difference between shrimp of catch amor ayunan and box ayunan, and (2) to determine the catch other than shrimp. The results of research, treatment A (amor ayunan) shrimp catches as many as 1464 , with a total weight of 9100 grams. Treatment B (box ayunan), shrimp catches as many as 1443 , with a total weight of 7730 grams. Type of main haul shrimp (<em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man</em>) and Freshwater Shrimp (<em>Palaemon sp</em>), with by catches are Lundu (<em>Mystus gulio</em>) with a total of 18 and total weight of 215 grams, sapu-sapu (<em>Hypostomus plecostomus</em> ) 2 , weighing a total of 560 grams, Puyau (<em>Osteochilus hasselti</em>) 3 , weighing a total of 35 grams, telan (<em>Macrognathus aculeatus</em>) 2 , weighing 810 grams.</p>Bamboo and rattan as materials to make the ayunan has a weakness because odor (smell) is not good (bangai) and therefore contributes to the catch. To overcome this weakness it is advisable to replace the wire with the basic material.
Integrated use of poultry manure with prilled urea and urea super granules for improving yield and protein content of aromatic rice (cv. BRRI dhan50)
Authors: Biswas T , Paul SK , Sarkar MAR , Sarkar SK 
Published: August 2016

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from December 2013 to May 2014 to evaluate the integrated use of poultry manure with prilled urea and USG for improving the growth, yield and protein content of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment comprised 14 treatments viz. control (no manure and no fertilizer), recommended dose of prilled urea (115 kg N ha-1), urea super granules (USG) 1.8 g (55 kg N ha-1), USG 2.7 g (80 kg N ha-1), poultry manure (PM) 2.5 t ha-1, PM 5 t ha-1, recommended dose of prilled urea + PM 2.5t ha-1, recommended dose of prilled urea + PM 5 t ha-1, 50% of recommended dose of prilled urea + PM 2.5 t ha-1, 50% of recommended dose of prilled urea + PM 5 t ha-1, USG 1.8 g + PM 2.5 t ha-1, USG 1.8 g + PM 5 t ha-1, USG 2.7 g + PM 2.5 t ha-1and USG 2.7 g + PM 5 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Morphological characteristics, yield contributing characters and yield of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) were significantly influenced by integrated use of poultry manure with prilled urea and USG. USG 2.7 g + PM 5 t ha-1 gave the highest plant height, number of tillers hill-1 and total dry matter production at all sampling dates while their corresponding lowest values were recorded in control. The highest yield contributing characters viz. number of effective tillers hill-1 (13.08), grains panicle-1 (124.26g) and 1000-grain weight (21.41g) were recorded in USG 2.7 g + PM 5 t ha-1 and the lowest values were recorded in control. The highest grain yield (5.33 t ha-1) and protein content (7.49%) were obtained at USG 2.7 g + PM 5 t ha-1 which was as good as recommended dose of prilled urea (115 kg N ha-1) + PM 5 t ha-1, USG 2.7 g + PM 2.5 t ha-1, USG 1.8 g + PM 5 t ha-1, recommended dose of prilled urea (115 kg N ha-1) + PM 2.5 t ha-1 while the lowest one (2.00 t ha-1) was obtained in control plots. The integrated use of poultry manure (5 t ha-1) with USG 1.8 g (55 kg N ha-1) appeared as the promising practice because of reducing considerable amount of prilled urea or USG in aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) cultivation in terms of grain yield and grain protein content.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 86-93, 2016
Improvement yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat through application of organic and inorganic fertilizers
Authors: Islam MR , Siraj S , Huda A , Begum MLN , Bilkis S 
Published: August 2016

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during winter (Rabi) season of 2013-14 to evaluate the effect of integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and nitrogen (N) uptake of wheat. There were six treatments such as T0 (control), T1 [STB-CF (HYG)], T2 [STB-CF (HYG) + CD (5 t/ha)], T3 [STB-CF (HYG) +PM (3 t/ha)], T4 [STB-CF (HYG) COM (5 t/ha)] and T5 [FP (Farmers practice)]. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Soil test based nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and boron were used @ 100, 20, 60, 10, 3 and 2 kg ha-1, respectively. The integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the yield attributes as well as grain and straw yields of wheat. The treatment T3 [STB-CF (HYG) + PM (3 tha-1)] produced the highest grain yield of 3554 kg ha-1 (69.67% increase over control) and straw yield of 3635 kg ha-1 (62.83% increase over control). The lowest grain yield (2094 kg ha-1) and straw yield (2232 kg ha-1) were found in control treatment. The N content and uptake by wheat were also markedly influenced by combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers and the treatment T3 demonstrated superior performance to other treatments. So, the applications of fertilizers in combination with poultry manure @ 3 t ha-1 can be used for the successful cultivation of wheat in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain soil. Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 149-153, 2016
Present status of dried fish markets in Sylhet of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan MM , Rasul MG , Ferdausi HJ , Hossain MM , Shah AKMA , Bapary MAJ 
Published: August 2016

This study was aimed to assess the present status of retail market of dried fishery products in Sadar Upazila, Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period of January to May, 2015. A survey questionnaire was developed, pre-tested and finally used for the collection of data from 21 fish retailers from 5 different markets. It was observed that the dried fish distribution chain from producers to consumers run through a number of intermediaries: wholesalers, paikers, local vendors and retailers. The number of retailer in the markets varied between 2 to 12. A total of 22 freshwater sun dried fish products were found in the different markets of which 17 were small in size and 5 were big sized that represented 77% and 23% of market share, respectively. The price variation of the selected fish products depends on markets, species, size, quality and availability of the dried fish. The price of small dried fish species varied from BDT 300-800 per kg. The price of Punti, Tengra, Taki and Guchi baim ranged between BDT 300-400, BDT 450-500, BDT 500-600 and BDT 700-800 per kg, respectively. It was found that the retailers usually sell their products within 5-7 days after collection from the aratdars and they do not use any preservatives or insecticides within this period. It was also found that a retailer usually sell up to 10 kg of dried fish products per day in a larger market whereas in a smaller market it was about 4 kg per day. Lack of capital, higher transport cost, inadequate storage facilities and unhygienic market place were the major constraints as claimed by the retailers. The constraints identified in this study could be solved by providing participatory training for the producers to produce good quality products, providing loan facilities to poor retailers, ensuring proper marketing facilities and introducing modern packaging techniques to increase the shelf life of dried fish products.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 235-241, 2016
Choroidal Infiltration by Retinoblastoma: Predictive Clinical Features and Outcome
Authors: Kaliki Swathi , Tahiliani Prerana , Iram Sadiya , Ali Mohammed Hasnat , Mishra Dilip K. , Reddy Vijay Anand P. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:To identify the clinical features predictive of choroidal infiltration by retinoblastoma on histopathology and to report the outcome in these patients.Methods:Retrospective study.Results:Of the 403 patients who underwent primary enucleation for retinoblastoma, 113 patients had choroidal tumor infiltration and 290 patients had no choroidal tumor infiltration. There was a higher incidence of metastasis and related death in the choroidal tumor infiltration group compared to the no choroidal tumor infiltration group (4% vs 1%;P= .02). On multivariate analysis, the clinical features predictive of histopathologic massive choroidal infiltration included prolonged duration of symptoms for more than 6 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.04;P= .001) and secondary glaucoma (HR = 2.24;P= .005).Conclusions:In this study, the patients with retinoblastoma with prolonged duration of symptoms (> 6 months) had a three-fold greater risk and those with secondary glaucoma at presentation had a two-fold greater risk of massive choroidal tumor infiltration.[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53(6):349–356.]
Conservative Management of Lower Eyelid Epiblepharon in Children
Authors: Simon John W. , Williams Kathryn H. , Zobal-Ratner Jitka L. , Barry Gerard P. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
Although much literature has focused on various techniques to repair epiblepharon, no study has addressed how frequently surgical intervention is required.

Methods:
The authors tabulated data from all patients with epiblepharon seen over the past 15 years.

Results:
Eighty-nine patients were included, 61 (69%) with tearing, discharge, conjunctival injection, or eye rubbing. Trichiasis was present in 15 cases (17%), 6 (7%) with corneal staining. In all cases, the initial treatment was conservative: antibiotic ointment or tear substitutes in 73 cases with trichiasis, symptoms of irritation, or corneal changes and observation in the remaining 16 cases. Three children (3%) were referred for eyelid surgery because of persistent symptoms. No patient had corneal scarring or long-term complications.

Conclusions:
Although vision-threatening complications can result, a trial of topical antibiotic ointment and/or ocular lubricants was effective in nearly all patients. Most resolved with minimal symptoms. The few eventually requiring eyelid surgery suffered no long-term complications. The authors recommend a trial of conservative treatment before eyelid surgery is undertaken.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(1):15–16.]
Soteriology on the interface of traditional African religion and Christianity: Engaging Bediako’s soteriology and a soteriological alternative
Authors: Magezi Vhumani , Magezi Christopher 
Published: August 2016

Many African scholars such as Bolaji Idowu, Mbiti, Bediako and others have posed a question about the interrelationship between traditional African religion and Christianity. Some scholars tend to exalt traditional African religion at the expense of the biblical meaning of salvation, as well as undermining the value of traditional African religion. In seeking to establish the interface between traditional African religion and Christianity, this article engages Bediako as one of the most influential African theologians who has thoroughly considered traditional African religion as a preparation for the Gospel. This approach has a danger of misidentifying the unique place of Israel in God’s redemptive history, as well as diminishing the biblical meaning of conversion and the newness of the Gospel. Thus, in contrast to Bediako’s inclusivism position, the article offers an alternative approach which argues that God’s general revelation in all pre-Christian traditional religions is a non-preparation for the Gospel. This is because in Pauline theology (Rm 1:18–32), general revelation grants humanity a very limited insight into the divine nature.
The diakonia of the elder according to 1 Peter
Authors: Breed Gert 
Published: August 2016

In this article, the ministry of the elder is investigated according to 1 Peter 5:1–5 from the perspective of the usage of the diakon word group in 1 Peter. Firstly, the place of 1 Peter 5 in the context of the whole letter is examined. Then the connection between 1 Peter 5:1–4 and 1 Peter 4:7–11 is ascertained. That is followed by a detailed exegesis of 1 Peter 5:1–4. It is found that the immediate context (1 Peter 4), indicates that in 5:1–4, Peter describes the diakonia of the elders. Based on the research, guidelines are suggested for the diakonia of the elder according to 1 Peter.
Determining rural risk for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages: A structural equation
modeling approach
Authors: Nichols Linda Jayne , Gall Seana , Stirling Christine 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAn aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) carries a high disability burden. The true impact of rurality as a predictor of outcome severity is unknown. Our aim is to clarify the relationship between the proposed explanations of regional and rural health disparities linked to severity of outcome following an aSAH. An initial literature search identified limited data directly linking geographical location, rurality, rural vulnerability, and aSAH. A further search noting parallels with ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarct literature presented a number of diverse and interrelated predictors. This a priori knowledge informed the development of a conceptual framework that proposes the relationship between rurality and severity of outcome following an aSAH utilizing structural equation modeling. The presented conceptual framework explores a number of system, environmental, and modifiable risk factors. Socioeconomic characteristics, modifiable risk factors, and timely treatment that were identified as predictors of severity of outcome following an aSAH and within each of these defined predictors a number of contributing specific individual predictors are proposed. There are considerable gaps in the current knowledge pertaining to the impact of rurality on the severity of outcome following an aSAH. Absent from the literature is any investigation of the cumulative impact and multiplicity of risk factors associated with rurality. The proposed conceptual framework hypothesizes a number of relationships between both individual level and system level predictors, acknowledging that intervening predictors may mediate the effect of one variable on another.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu protein expression in meningiomas: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Telugu Ramesh Babu , Chowhan Amit Kumar , Rukmangadha Nandyala , Patnayak Rashmi , Phaneendra Bobbidi Venkata , Prasad Bodapati Chandra Mowliswara , Reddy Mandyam Kumaraswamy 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Meningiomas are common slow-growing primary central nervous system tumors that arise from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid and spinal cord. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) or HER2/neu (also known as c-erbB2) is a 185-kD transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity expressed in meningiomas and various other tumors. It can be used in targeted therapy for HER2/neu positive meningiomas. Aim: To correlate the expression of HER2/neu protein in meningiomas with gender, location, histological subtypes, and grade. Materials and Methods: It was 3½ years prospective (March 2010–October 2011) and retrospective (May 2008–February 2010) study of histopathologically diagnosed intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas. Clinical details of all the cases were noted from the computerized hospital information system. Immunohistochemistry for HER2/neu protein was performed along with scoring. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test to look for any association of HER2/neu with gender, location, grade, and various histological subtypes of meningiomas at 5% level of significance. Results: A total of 100 cases of meningiomas were found during the study period. Of which, 80 were Grade I, 18 were Grade II, and 2 were Grade III meningiomas as per the World Health Organization 2007 criteria. The female-male ratio was 1.9:1 and the mean age was 47.8 years. HER2/neu protein was expressed in 75% of Grade I and 72.2% of Grade II and none of Grade III meningiomas. About 72.7% brain invasive meningiomas showed HER2/neu immunopositivity. Conclusion: HER2/neu protein was expressed in 73% of meningiomas. Statistically significant difference of HER2/neu expression was not seen between females and males of Grade I and Grade II/III meningiomas, intracranial and spinal tumors, Grade I and Grade II/III cases, and various histological subtypes of meningiomas.
Stroke in India: Bio-socioeconomic determinants
Authors: Singla Sweta , Singla Rajiv 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWorldwide, stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality. Further, it leads to significant morbidity in the form of residual deficits and disability-adjusted life years. India with its culturally diverse environment and economically developing status presents unique challenges in providing stroke care. Various myths, misconceptions, poor knowledge about stroke, and poor availability of health resources afflict the nation and present barriers in stroke management. A multipronged approach to bring various disciplines together with the help of newer technologies such as smartphones and its applications need to be evolved to fight this catastrophic disease.
A comprehensive literature review of theories and constructs utilized in type 2 diabetes self-care management research involving African-American men
Authors: Sherman Ledric 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the extent and quality of theory and theoretical construct utilization among published empirical studies specific to self-care management research involving African-American men living with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: Systematic literature review for peer-reviewed articles was performed. Articles with barriers, facilitators, masculinity, social support, mistrust, behaviors and decision making among this specific group were sought out.
Results: Some studies mentioned a specific theoretical framework or model. However, 35 out of fifty studies did not report any use of theoretical framework or model.
Conclusions: This paucity of theory utilization points to a breach in the quality of both qualitative and quantitative research in this area with is particular population of men. Researchers either failed to sufficiently use theory or did so but failed to specify how.