bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KETAHANAN LAPANGAN TANAMAN KARET KLON IRR SERI 100 TERHADAP TIGA PATOGEN PENTING PENYAKIT GUGUR DAUN
Authors: Dalimunthe Cici Indriani , Fairuzah Zaida , Daslin Aidi 
Published: October 2016

Penyakit gugur daun utama pada tanaman karet di Indonesia disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Oidium heveae dan Corynespora cassiicola. Penggunaan klon resisten merupakan metode pengendalian yang efektif dan efisien karena kemampuan tanaman menghambat atau menahan gangguan penyakit tanpa menggunakan fungisida. Rendahnya kerusakan tanaman pada klon resisten adalah sebagai akibat penurunan populasi awal patogen dan laju infeksi patogen. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun Sungei Baleh, PT. Bakrie Sumatera Plantation, Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan dua belas perlakuan terdiri dari IRR 100, IRR 104, IRR 105, IRR 107, IRR 109, IRR 110, IRR 111, IRR 112, IRR 117, IRR 118, IRR 120 dan RRIC 100 sebagai pembanding (kontrol). Pengamatan intensitas serangan penyakit gugur daun di lapangan dilakukan dengan menentukan secara acak 10 pohon contoh/klon dan dari setiap pohon diambil 10 tangkai daun atau 30 helai daun dari dua sisi yang berlawanan diantara gawangan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui resistensi klon IRR seri 100 terhadap tiga patogen utama penyakit gugur pada berbagai tingkat umur tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas serangan C. gloesporioides, O. heveae dan C. cassiicola berbeda nyata diantara klon karet IRR seri 100 yang diuji. Intensitas serangan C. gloesporioides berkisar antara 23,55-30,99% sehingga semua klon yang diuji termasuk dalam kategori agak resisten. Intensitas serangan O. heveae antara 13,98-18,66%, klon IRR 100, IRR 104 dan IRR 109 tergolong resisten sedangkan klon lainnya agak resisten. Intensitas serangan C. cassiicola berkisar 0,00-74,00%, klon IRR 100, IRR 104, IRR 105, IRR 110, IRR 111, IRR 112, IRR 117, IRR 118, IRR 120 tergolong resisten sedangkan IRR 107 moderat dan IRR 109 rentan. Dari seluruh klon IRR seri 100 yang diuji, IRR 100 dan IRR 104 memiliki ketahanan yang baik terhadap ketiga patogen penyebab penyakit gugur daun pada karet dengan tingkat resistensi tergolong agak resisten terhadap C. gloesporioides dan resisten terhadap O. Heveae dan C. cassiicola. Diterima : 8 November 2014; Direvisi : 9 Januari 2015; Disetujui : 16 April 2015 How to Cite : Dalimunthe, C. I., Fairuzah, Z., & Daslin, A. (2015). Ketahanan lapangan tanaman karet klon IRR seri 100 terhadap tiga patogen penting penyakit gugur daun. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(1), 35-46. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/169
KARAKTERISTIK DAN HASIL UJI MARSHALL ASPAL TERMODIFIKASI DENGAN KARET ALAM TERDEPOLIMERISASI SEBAGAI ADITIF
Authors: Prastanto Henry , Cifriadi Adi , Ramadhan Arief 
Published: October 2016

Aspal termodifikasi polimer merupakan salah satu jenis formula aspal dengan penambahan polimer untuk mendapatkan sifat perkerasan jalan yang lebih baik, yaitu mengurangi deformasi pada perkerasan, meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap retak dan kelekatan pada agregat. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan karet alam SIR 20 terdepolimerisasi sebagai aditif pada aspal dengan konsentrasi 3%, 5%, dan 7% b/b. Dari hasil pengujian penetrasi, titik lembek, titik nyala, dan % kehilangan berat setelah pemanasan didapatkan konsentrasi terbaik, yaitu 5%. Data hasil uji Marshall yang terdiri dari stabilitas, pelelehan, stabilitas sisa setelah perendaman, dan hasil bagi Marshall berturut-turut adalah 1135,46 kg, 3,47 mm, 91,78%, dan 327,22 kg/mm. Nilai tersebut telah memenuhi persyaratan SNI untuk aspal polimer (SNI 06-2489-91) dan memiliki sifat yang lebih baik daripada aspal tanpa penambahan aditif (kontrol). Diterima : 17 November 2014; Direvisi : 29 Januari 2015; Disetujui : 7 Mei 2015 How to Cite : Prastanto, H., Cifriadi, A., & Ramadhan, A. (2015). Karakteristik dan hasil uji marshall aspal termodifikasi dengan karet alam terdepolimerisasi sebagai aditif. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(1), 75-82. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/173
ANALISIS GENETIK POPULASI HASIL PERSILANGAN KLON RRIM 600 DENGAN GENOTIPE PLASMA NUTFAH 1981
Authors: Woelan Sekar , Nissa Chairun , Chaidamsari Tetty , Irwansyah Edy 
Published: October 2016

Berdasarkan hasil analisis genetik yang dilakukan terhadap populasi hasil persilangan karet klon RRIM 600 dengan genotipe Plasma Nutfah 1981 menunjukkan bahwa, beberapa karakter yang diamati seperti tinggi tanaman, lilit batang, tebal kulit, jumlah pembuluh lateks, dan produksi karet kering menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang tinggi di antara progeni yang dihasilkan. Sedangkan untuk karakter jumlah cabang primer, tinggi cabang pertama, diameter pembuluh lateks dan produksi kayu mempunyai keragaman yang rendah di antara progeni yang dihasilkan. Dari analisis genetik yang dilakukan terlihat adanya nilai heritabilitas (h2) dan nilai kemajuan genetik (KG) yang tinggi masing-masing >0,5% dan >10% yaitu pada karakter produksi lateks, tinggi tanaman, lilit batang, tebal kulit, dan jumlah pembuluh lateks. Karakter- karakter tersebut dikendalikan oleh tindak gen aditif dan epistasis, karena itu dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi pada tanaman karet. Sedangkan karakter tinggi cabang pertama dan produksi kayu dikendalikan oleh tindak gen bukan aditif (overdominan negatif), demikian halnya dengan karakter diameter pembuluh lateks dikendalikan oleh tindak gen dominan sebagian negatif. Diterima : 21 Januari 2015; Direvisi : 28 Juli 2015; Disetujui : 10 Agustus 2015 How to Cite : Woelan, S., Nissa, C., Chaidamsari, T., & Irwansyah, E. (2015). Analisis genetik populasi hasil persilangan klon RRIM 600 dengan genotipe plasma nutfah 1981. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(2), 101-120. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/176
UJI KETAHANAN KLON KARET IRR SERI 400 TERHADAP BEBERAPA ISOLAT PENYAKIT GUGUR DAUN COLLETOTRICHUM
Authors: Pasaribu Syarifah Aini , Rosmayati Rosmayati , Sumarmadji Sumarmadji 
Published: October 2016

Perakitan klondengan produktivitas tinggi, pertumbuhan jagur, resisten terhadap penyakit gugur daun serta memiliki daya adaptabilitas luas adalah tujuan pemulian karet.Klon IRR seri 400 merupakan calon klon unggul seri IRR berikutnya yang memiliki potensi produksi melebihi klon PB 260.Khusus untuk ketahanan penyakit, pendekatan dengan perakitan klon tahan juga telah dilakukan, yaitu menyilangkan tetua yang memiliki potensi produksi tinggi dan tahan penyakit. Penyakit gugur daun Colletothricum merupakan salah satu penyakit terpenting pada tanaman karet.Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh cendawan Colletothricumgloeosporioides.Gangguan penyakit ini dapat menurunkan produktivitas kebun, tertundanya saat okulasi di pembibitan,dan dalam serangan yang berat mengakibatkan bibit cacat, kerdil bahkan mati. Oleh karena telah dilakukan penelitian di Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih di kebun Entres untuk mengetahui ketahanan 22 klon IRR seri 400 dan klon pembanding PB 260.Parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas serangan dan periode laten, kemudian untuk melihat sifat ketahanan, dicari nilai heretabilitas (h2) dengan membandingakan ragam genetik dan ragam lingkungan terhadap parameter pengamatan. Terseleksi enam klon yang memiliki tingkat ketahanan yang tinggi terhadap intensitas serangan Colletotrichumyaitu IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 446, IRR 451 dan IRR 452. Tidak adanya interaksi antara isolat dengan klon karena jenis isolat yang digunakan adalah Colletotrhicumgloeosporioides.Tingkat ketahanan dipengaruhi oleh klon yang dicerminkan dari nilai heretabilitas tinggi yaitu >0,5. Diterima : 10 Juli 2015; Direvisi : 8 September 2015; Disetujui : 25 September 2015 How to Cite : Pasaribu, S. A., Rosmayati., & Sumarmadji. (2015). Uji ketahanan klon karet IRR seri 400 terhadap beberapa isolat penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(2), 131-142. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/178
POTENSI DAN KENDALA DALAM PENGUATAN DAN PENUMBUHAN KELOMPOK PEMASARAN BOKAR TERORGANISIR DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Syarifa Lina Fatayati , Agustina Dwi Shinta , Alamsyah Aprizal , Nugraha Iman Satra 
Published: October 2016

Sistem pemasaran terorganisir telah mampu meningkatkan mutu bokar dan bagian harga yang diterima petani. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembinaan untuk memperkuat dan menumbuhkan sistem pemasaran lelang. Namun sebelum itu diperlukan penelitian untuk menginventarisir kelompok-kelompok pemasaran, serta mengidentifikasi kendala yang menghambat dan potensi yang memperkuat kelompok pemasaran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive dengan memilih lokasi yaitu: 1) lokasi UPPB/KUD/Gapoktan yang masih aktif melakukan pemasaran bersama melalui lelang atau kemitraan; 2) lokasi yang sudah terbentuk kelompok pemasaran namun belum melakukan pemasaran lelang atau kemitraan; 3) lokasi Gapoktan/KUD/UPPB yang sudah tidak aktif lagi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terhadap sample kelompok. Hasil survei menunjukkan hambatan yang paling mendasar bagi penguatan kelompok pemasaran adalah kurangnya komitmen masyarakat untuk terus berkelompok, kurangnya kesadaran untuk menjaga mutu bokar, serta kurangnya keterbukaan antara pengurus dan anggota. Pada kelembagaan pemasaran tersebut diperlukan bimbingan dan penyuluhan mengenai pemasaran terorganisir dan bimbingan teknis dalam meningkatkan mutu bokar. Faktor pendukung dalam memperkuat lembaga pemasaran yang paling mendasar adalah adanya keterbukaan antara pengurus dan anggota, serta adanya kegiatan yang bersifat mengikat anggota antara lain: simpan pinjam dan penyediaan saprodi atau sembako.
KONSTRUKSI PETA PAUTAN DAN ANALISIS QTL TANAMAN KARET MENGGUNAKAN POPULASI HASIL PERSILANGAN RRIM 600 DENGAN PN 1546
Authors: Woelan Sekar , Nissa Chairun , Chaidamsari Tetty , Irwansyah Edy 
Published: October 2016

Tersedianya peta pautan genetik merupakan salah satu syarat dalam identifikasi QTL. Konstruksi peta pautan genetik dapat dilakukan pada tanaman turunan pertama dari suatu persilangan untuk tanaman-tanaman yang menyerbuk bebas dengan menggunakan strategi pseudo-testcross. Konstruksi peta pautan genetik RAPD tanaman karet (2n=36) dibuat menggunakan data marka dengan strategi pseudo-testcross. Populasi hasil persilangan antara klon RRIM 600 dan plasma nutfah PN 1546 digunakan sebagai materi genetik untuk penelitian pemetaan QTL komponen produksi karet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan posisi QTL komponen produksi karet yang menggunakan populasi dari 25 projeni hasil persilangan dengan menggunakan analisis marka tunggal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peta pautan RRIM 600 yang dikonstruksi pada LOD 3,0 diperoleh 3 (tiga) kelompok pautan, pada LOD 2,0 diperoleh 5 (lima) kelompok pautan. Konstruksi peta pautan PN 1546 pada LOD 2,0 diperoleh 2 (dua) kelompok pautan. Berdasarkan analisis marka tunggal dengan uji t diketahui bahwa, marka OPC13_2000, OPH19_650 (kelompok pautan 2) dan OPB20_1650 pada kelompok pautan 3 diduga terkait dengan sifat produksi karet dan lilit batang. Marka OPC13_2000 (kelompok pautan 2) dan OPB20_1650 (kelompok pautan 3) diduga terkait dengan sifat produksi karet dan tebal kulit. Marka OPC13_2000 dan OPH06_850 (kelompok pautan 2) diduga terkait dengan sifat produksi karet dan jumlah pembuluh lateks.
Repatriation Tax Costs and U.S. Multinational Companies' Shareholder Payouts
Authors: Nessa Michelle L. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper examines whether and to what extent repatriation tax costs constrain U.S. multinational companies' (MNCs) distributions to shareholders. During the 1987–2004 sample period, I find that repatriation tax costs decrease U.S. MNCs' dividend payments, and the economic magnitude of the effect is substantial. I do not find evidence that repatriation tax costs decrease U.S. MNCs' share repurchases, on average. I find cross-sectional variation in the effect of repatriation tax costs on share repurchases based on U.S. MNCs' opportunities to fund repurchases through external borrowing and to minimize the incremental U.S. cash tax cost of repatriations. I do not observe an association between repatriation tax costs and U.S. MNCs' dividend payments or share repurchases during a more recent time period (2009–2014). This study contributes to our understanding of the impact of the current U.S. worldwide tax system on U.S. MNCs' real decisions and of the determinants of firms' payout policies.
Effect of monocortical and bicortical screw numbers on the properties of a locking plate-intramedullary rod configuration
Authors: Parsons Kevin , Etches Julie , Hamilton Katie , Burton Neil , Field Elinor 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectives: To evaluate the effect of varying the number and configuration of locking bicortical and monocortical screws on a plate-rod construct using a mid-diaphyseal femoral ostectomy model.Methods: Thirty Greyhound femurs were assigned to six groups (A-F). An intramedullary pin was placed in each bone following which a 3.5 mm locking plate was applied with six differing locking screw configurations. Groups A to C had one bicortical screw in the most proximal and distal plate holes and one to three monocortical locking screws in the proximal and distal fragments. Groups D to F had no bicortical screws placed and two to four monocortical locking screws in proximal and distal fragments. Each construct was axially loaded at 4 Hz from a preload of 10 Newtons (N) to 72 N, increasing to 144 N and 216 N, each of 6000 cycles with a further 45,000 cycles at 216 N to simulate a three to six week postoperative convalescence period. Constructs were then loaded to failure.Results: No construct suffered screw loosening or a significant change in construct stiffness during cyclic loading. There was no significant difference in load to failure of any construct (p = 0.34), however, less variation was seen with monocortical constructs. All constructs failed at greater than 2.5 times physiological load, and failure was by bending of the intramedullary pin and plate rather than screw loosening or pull-out.Clinical significance: Axially loaded locking monocortical plate-rod constructs applied to the canine femur may confer no difference biomechanically to those employing locking bicortical screws.
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF OPTICAL SELECTION EFFECTS ON OBSERVED REST-FRAME PROMPT GRB PROPERTIES
Authors: Turpin D. , Heussaff V. , Dezalay J.-P. , Atteia J-L. , Klotz A. , Dornic D. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Measuring gamma-ray burst (GRB) properties in their rest frame is crucial for understanding the physics at work in GRBs. This can only be done for GRBs with known redshifts. Since redshifts are usually measured from the optical spectrum of the afterglow, correlations between prompt and afterglow emissions may introduce biases into the distribution of the rest-frame properties of the prompt emission, especially considering that we measure the redshift of only one-third of Swift GRBs. In this paper, we study the optical flux of GRB afterglows and its connection to various intrinsic properties of GRBs. We also discuss the impact of the optical selection effect on the distribution of rest-frame prompt properties of GRBs. Our analysis is based on a sample of 90 GRBs with good optical follow-up and well-measured prompt emission. Seventy-six of them have a measure of redshift and 14 have no redshift. We compare the rest-frame prompt properties of GRBs with different afterglow optical fluxes in order to check for possible correlations between the promt properties and the optical flux of the afterglow. The optical flux is measured two hours after the trigger, which is a typical time for the measure of the redshift. We find that the optical flux of GRB afterglows in our sample is mainly driven by their optical luminosity and depends only slightly on their redshift. We show that GRBs with low and high afterglow optical fluxes have similar E

, E

, and L

, indicating that the rest-frame distributions computed from GRBs with a redshift are not significantly distorted by optical selection effects. However, we found that the

distribution is not immune to optical selection effects, which favor the selection of GRBs with longer durations. Finally, we note that GRBs well above the E

–E

relation have lower optical fluxes and we show that optical selection effects favor the detection of GRBs with bright optical afterglows located close to or below the best-fit E

–E

relation (Amati relation), whose redshift is easily measurable. With more than 300 GRBs with a redshift, we now have a much better view of the intrinsic properties of these remarkable events. At the same time, increasing statistics allow us to understand the biases acting on the measurements. The optical selection effects induced by the redshift measurement strategies cannot be neglected when we study the properties of GRBs in their rest frame, even for studies focused on prompt emission.
A STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN STAR FORMATION AND MOLECULAR CLUMPS ON SUBPARSEC SCALES IN 30 DORADUS
Authors: Nayak O. , Meixner M. , Indebetouw R. , Marchi G. De , Koekemoer A. , Panagia N. , Sabbi E. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present 12CO and 13CO molecular gas data observed by ALMA, massive early-stage young stellar objects (YSOs) identified by applying color–magnitude cuts to Spitzer and Herschel photometry, and low-mass late-stage YSOs identified via

excess. Using dendrograms, we derive properties for the molecular cloud structures. This is the first time a dendrogram analysis has been applied to extragalactic clouds. The majority of clumps have a virial parameter equal to unity or less. The size–linewidth relations of 12CO and 13CO show the clumps in this study have a larger linewidth for a given size (by factors of 3.8 and 2.5, respectively) in comparison to several, but not all, previous studies. The larger linewidths in 30 Doradus compared to typical Milky Way quiescent clumps are probably due to the former’s highly energetic environmental conditions. The slopes of the size–linewidth relations of 12CO, 0.65 ± 0.04, and 13CO, 0.97 ± 0.12, are on the higher end but consistent within 3σ of those of previous studies. Massive star formation occurs in clumps with high masses (>1.83 × 102
M
⊙), high linewidths (v > 1.18 km s−1), and high mass densities (>6.67 × 102
M
⊙ pc−2). The majority of embedded, massive YSOs are associated with a clump; however, the majority of more evolved, low-mass YSOs are not.
DYNAMICS OF TIDALLY CAPTURED PLANETS IN THE GALACTIC CENTER
Authors: Trani Alessandro A. , Mapelli Michela , Spera Mario , Bressan Alessandro 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent observations suggest ongoing planet formation in the innermost parsec of the Galactic center. The supermassive black hole (SMBH) might strip planets or planetary embryos from their parent star, bringing them close enough to be tidally disrupted. Photoevaporation by the ultraviolet field of young stars, combined with ongoing tidal disruption, could enhance the near-infrared luminosity of such starless planets, making their detection possible even with current facilities. In this paper, we investigate the chance of planet tidal captures by means of high-accuracy N-body simulations exploiting Mikkola's algorithmic regularization. We consider both planets lying in the clockwise (CW) disk and planets initially bound to the S-stars. We show that tidally captured planets remain on orbits close to those of their parent star. Moreover, the semimajor axis of the planetary orbit can be predicted by simple analytic assumptions in the case of prograde orbits. We find that starless planets that were initially bound to CW disk stars have mild eccentricities and tend to remain in the CW disk. However, we speculate that angular momentum diffusion and scattering by other young stars in the CW disk might bring starless planets into orbits with low angular momentum. In contrast, planets initially bound to S-stars are captured by the SMBH on highly eccentric orbits, matching the orbital properties of the clouds G1 and G2. Our predictions apply not only to planets but also to low-mass stars initially bound to the S-stars and tidally captured by the SMBH.
ION-INDUCED PROCESSING OF COSMIC SILICATES: A POSSIBLE FORMATION PATHWAY TO GEMS
Authors: Jäger C. , Sabri T. , Wendler E. , Henning Th. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Ion-induced processing of dust grains in the interstellar medium and in protoplanetary and planetary disks plays an important role in the entire dust cycle. We have studied the ion-induced processing of amorphous MgFeSiO4 and Mg2SiO4 grains by 10 and 20 keV protons and 90 keV Ar+ ions. The Ar+ ions were used to compare the significance of the light protons with that of heavier, but chemically inert projectiles. The bombardment was performed in a two-beam irradiation chamber for in situ ion-implantation at temperatures of 15 and 300 K and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy to monitor the alteration of the silicate composition under ion irradiation. A depletion of oxygen from the silicate structure by selective sputtering of oxygen from the surface of the grains was observed in both samples. The silicate particles kept their amorphous structure, but the loss of oxygen caused the reduction of ferrous (Fe2+) ions and the formation of iron inclusions in the MgFeSiO4 grains. A few Si inclusions were produced in the iron-free magnesium silicate sample pointing to a much less efficient reduction of Si4+ and formation of metallic Si inclusions. Consequently, ion-induced processing of magnesium-iron silicates can produce grains that are very similar to the glassy grains with embedded metals and sulfides frequently observed in interplanetary dust particles and meteorites. The metallic iron inclusions are strong absorbers in the NIR range and therefore a ubiquitous requirement to increase the temperature of silicate dust grains in IR-dominated astrophysical environments such as circumstellar shells or protoplanetary disks.
THE GALACTIC CENSUS OF HIGH- AND MEDIUM-MASS PROTOSTARS. III. 12CO MAPS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DENSE CLUMP ENVELOPES AND THEIR EMBEDDING GMCs
Authors: Barnes Peter J. , Hernandez Audra K. , O’Dougherty Stefan N. , Schap III William J. , Muller Erik 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the second complete molecular line data release from the Census of High- and Medium-mass Protostars (CHaMP), a large-scale, unbiased, uniform mapping survey at sub-parsec resolution, of millimeter-wave line emission from 303 massive, dense molecular clumps in the Milky Way. This release is for all 12CO J = 1

0 emission associated with the dense gas, the first from Phase II of the survey, which includes 12CO, 13CO, and C18O. The observed clump emission traced by both 12CO and HCO+ (from Phase I) shows very similar morphology, indicating that, for dense molecular clouds and complexes of all sizes, parsec-scale clumps contain Ξ ∼ 75% of the mass, while only 25% of the mass lies in extended (≳10 pc) or “low density” components in these same areas. The mass fraction of all gas above a density of 109 m−3 is

≳ 50%. This suggests that parsec-scale clumps may be the basic building blocks of the molecular interstellar medium, rather than the standard GMC concept. Using 12CO emission, we derive physical properties of these clumps in their entirety, and compare them to properties from HCO+, tracing their denser interiors. We compare the standard X-factor converting

to

with alternative conversions, and show that only the latter give whole-clump properties that are physically consistent with those of their interiors. We infer that the clump population is systematically closer to virial equilibrium than when considering only their interiors, with perhaps half being long-lived (10s of Myr), pressure-confined entities that only terminally engage in vigorous massive star formation, supporting other evidence along these lines that was previously published.