bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral varespladib for the treatment of snakebite envenoming in India and the USA (BRAVO): a phase II randomised clinical trial
Authors: Gerardo Charles J , Carter Rebecca W , Kumar Surendra , Shirazi Farshad M , Kotehal Suneetha D , Akpunonu Peter D , Bhalla Ashish , Schwartz Richard B , Bammigatti Chanaveerappa , Manikath Neeraj , Mukherjee Partha P , Arnold Thomas C , Wolk Brian J , S Sheikh Sophia , Sollee Dawn R , Vearrier David J , Francis Samuel J , Aizenberg Adiel , Kumar Harish , Ravikumar Madhu K , Sarkar Sujoy , Haston Taylor , Micciche Andrew , Oomman Suraj C , Owen Jeffery L , Ritter Brandi A , Samuel Stephen P , Lewin Matthew R , Platts-Mills Timothy F 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSnakebite envenoming (SBE) results in over 500 000 deaths or disabling injuries annually. Varespladib methyl, an oral inhibitor of secretory phospholipase A2, is a nearly ubiquitous component of snake venoms. We conducted a phase II clinical trial to assess efficacy and safety of oral varespladib methyl in patients bitten by venomous snakes.MethodsThis double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial enrolled patients in emergency departments in India and the USA. Patients with SBE were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive varespladib methyl or placebo two times per day for 1 week. All patients received standard of care, including antivenom. The primary outcome was change in the composite Snakebite Severity Score (SSS) measuring the severity of envenoming, from baseline to the average composite SSS at 6 and 9 hours.ResultsAmong 95 patients randomised August 2021 through November 2022, the most common snakebites were from Russell’s vipers (n=29), copperheads (n=18) and rattlesnakes (n=14). The SSS improved from baseline to the average at 6 and 9 hours by 1.1 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.6) in the varespladib group versus 1.5 (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.0) in the placebo group (difference −0.4, 95% CI, −0.8 to 0.1, p=0.13). While key secondary outcomes were not statistically different by treatment group, benefit was seen in the prespecified subgroup initiating study drug within 5 hours of bite (n=37). For this early treatment group, clinically important differences were observed for illness severity over the first week, patient-reported function on days 3 and 7 and complete recovery. No death or treatment emergent serious adverse event occurred.ConclusionFor emergency department treatment of snakebites, the addition of varespladib to antivenom did not find evidence of difference for the primary outcome based on the SSS. A potentially promising signal of benefit was observed in patients initiating treatment within 5 hours of snakebite.
Effects of space allowance on behaviour during lairage, stress physiology, skin lesion scores, and meat quality of market-weight pigs transported in an actively ventilated vehicle in the summer
Authors: Pasquale Vanessa , Bergeron Renée , Devillers Nicolas , Conte Sabine , Faucitano Luigi 
Published: October 2024

This study aimed at assessing the effects of space allowance on microclimate and pig stress during transportation in a mechanically-ventilated vehicle. On each journey (6), 114 pigs were randomly assigned to different space allowances (0.46, 0.49, or 0.59 m2/pig) tested in the near-front, middle, and near-rear compartments and on the top, middle, and bottom decks. In each compartment, ambient conditions (e.g., T °C and RH %) were monitored. Behaviour was recorded during lairage. A total of 162 pigs were selected for the analysis of blood hematocrit proportion and lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations, and the evaluation of meat quality in the loin and ham muscles. The bottom deck was more humid before and during transport ( P ≤ 0.05) and pigs from this location stood and drank more in lairage ( P < 0.001). Pigs transported on the top deck had greater blood lactate and CK concentrations ( P < 0.05) than those transported on the bottom deck, and when transported at 0.49 m2/pig produced paler loins ( P < 0.05) than those transported at 0.46 m2/pig. The within-trailer location had a greater impact on the microclimate, collected animal welfare measures, and meat quality of pigs transported in an actively ventilated trailer than space allowance.
Case Study — Breaking Barriers: Women Empowerment in a Conservative Society
Authors: Gafoor Rahmana , Mirani Manzoor Ali 
Published: October 2024

Muhammad Ali Mugheri (Mr. Mugheri), a Pakistani high school teacher, had to overcome crucial obstacles to change the mindset of the school management, the government, and the society — a male-dominated environment conserved in laws and culture for girls’ education. For the first time in history, such a change agent highlighted how the male gender faced issues on the way of bringing a positive change in the conservative society of Sindh, Pakistan. His educational background and work experience led him to rapid progression from the role of a girls’ high school teacher to a headmaster in the primary girls’ school to a boys’ high school teacher. After more than 14 years of working as a teacher and a headmaster, he struggled for female education in the conservative society and negligent government. As he reflected on the hard journey he had been through, although he was sincere and dedicated, he wondered what was next? In 2022, Mr. Mugheri faced yet a tough decision to change the workplace under pressure from authorities; if so how would he continue working for the cause of women’s education? In September 2022, Mr. Mugheri was confronted with another setback challenging a serious threat to his mission of fighting for girls’ right to education. As a school headmaster, he aimed for many positive changes to bring but he felt cornered. He contemplated on the challenging times he had seen to reach this point of time. Mr. Mugheri was passionate about the success of girls’ education in a conservative society. For a man, staying for long in the girls’ school, be it government girls higher secondary school or primary girls school, was a distant reality. Considering the challenges, he wondered if he could continue as a head of school, or was it time for him to change? Mr. Mugheri was the headmaster in the girls’ primary school, Lalu Raunk, Sindh, Pakistan. All his staff were female teachers. This was not acceptable to many in the conservative societies. The community heads and parents raised their concerns for his appointment in a girls’ school. Nonetheless, due to his earlier contributions to the schools, he could continue following his passion. He was greatly respected for his charismatic leadership style and his outstanding work on female education. He attributed his superior performance in the education sector to his drive, unwavering motivation to work, passion for female education, and tough decisions he had made in his career. “Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation” the quote he stated repeatedly.
Application of Recycled Battery-Graphite Electrode Decorated with Polyglutamic Acid/Au Nanoparticles for Detection of Nalbuphine Drug Abuse
Authors: Tawfik Hanaa S. , Ahmed Rasha A. , Abdel Ghani N. T. , El Nashar Rasha M. 
Published: October 2024

We report a highly uniform nanocomposite of polyglutamic acid (PGA) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) electrodeposited on a recycled battery graphite electrode (BGE) for the detection of Nalbuphine (NB), a semi-synthetic opioid. The sensor was optimized and characterized morphologically (via scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis) and electrochemically (via cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). Under optimized conditions, the PGA/AuNPs/BGE revealed two linear ranges, 2.5 × 10−8 to1.0 × 10−6 M, and 2.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−4 M for Nalbuphine (NB), that is equivalent to 9.825 × 10−3 to 0.393 μg ml−1 and 0.786 to 39.30 μg ml−1, with R2 = 0.995 and 0.994, respectively, and showed good catalytic activity for the determination of nalbuphine in the presence of tramadol and the oxidation potential of these opioid analgesic drugs were separated. The sensor was successfully applied for the detection of NB in its pharmaceutical formulations, spiked urine, and human plasma samples, without applying any sample pretreatment, at a recovery range of 99 ± 0.03 to102 ± 0.02% and thus, the developed can be considered as a promising approach for NB abuse testing in clinical and forensic agencies.
Comparison of Sheathless and Sheathed Guiding Catheters in Transradial Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Majeed Zuhair , Tariq Muhammad Haider , Ahmed Arslan , Usama Muhammad , Amin Ahmed Mazen , Khan Abira , Bajwa Muhammad Shahzaib , Umar Muhammad Faiq , Turkmani Mustafa , Abuelazm Mohamed , Khan Ubaid 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The sheathless transradial (TR) technique is a novel approach that may offer potential benefits over the conventional TR approach. We aim to comprehensively investigate the safety and efficacy of sheathless versus conventional TR percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs).Methods: We conducted comprehensive searches across PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and EMBASE until July 2023. Pooled data were reported using risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes, along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). PROSPERO ID: CRD42023443834.Results: We included 11 studies with 15,392 patients. The radial artery spasm (RAS) (RR: 0.26, 95% CI: [0.09, 0.77], p = 0.02) and cross‐over to the femoral site (RR: 0.28, 95% CI: [0.10, 0.81], p = 0.02) were significantly lower in the sheathless group. However, radial artery occlusion (RAO) (RR: 2.84, 95% CI: [1.78, 4.54], p < 0.0001) and success rate (RR: 1.011, 95% CI: [1.004, 1.019], p = 0.002) were significantly higher in the sheathless group. Also, we did not find a significant difference between both groups in all‐cause mortality (RR: 0.41, 95% CI: [0.16, 1.04], p = 0.06).Conclusion: The sheathless TR approach showed lower rates of RAS and femoral conversion. Sheathless has a higher success rate; however, it also increased RAO. Thus, more trials are needed to confirm this technique’s long‐term outcomes and complications.
Assessment of Satisfaction Levels Among Families of Intensive Care Unit Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Shbeer Abdullah , Ageel Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Background: Regularly measuring family satisfaction with intensive care unit (ICU) experience is crucial for ensuring high‐quality care and identifying areas for improvement. This study aimed to evaluate family satisfaction with the ICU in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 248 family members of patients admitted to various ICUs. The survey assessed family satisfaction via a validated questionnaire, the Critical Care Family Satisfaction Survey (CCFSS), which includes five subscales: assurance, information, comfort, proximity, and support. Demographic data were also collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated.Results: The demographic distribution revealed that a majority of the participants were female (70.97%, n = 176), with the relationships with the patients predominantly being parents (41.94%, n = 104) or offspring (33.87%, n = 84). The overall satisfaction score was 3.79 ± 1.26, with 66.13% of the participants reporting high satisfaction, 20.97% reporting intermediate satisfaction, and 12.90% reporting low satisfaction. The mean subscale scores were as follows: assurance (3.82 ± 1.2), information (3.83 ± 1.25), comfort (3.81 ± 1.27), proximity (3.72 ± 1.28), and support (3.78 ± 1.28). The highest satisfaction scores were observed for sharing in decisions, noise levels, and staff honesty, whereas the lowest scores were for visiting hours flexibility, transfer preparation, and staff responsiveness. Males reported significantly greater satisfaction (4.24 ± 1.20) than females did (3.61 ± 1.11, p = 0.007).Conclusions: This study revealed moderate to high levels of family satisfaction with the ICU, with significant differences based on sex. The findings highlight the importance of effective communication, family involvement in decision‐making, and supportive ICU policies. ICUs should regularly assess family satisfaction and use the results to guide quality improvement efforts, with a focus on areas with lower satisfaction scores.
Figure 2 from Tumor NOS2 and COX2 Spatial Juxtaposition with CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Promote Metastatic and Cancer Stem Cell Niches that Lead to Poor Outcome in ER<sup>−</sup> Breast Cancer
Authors: Ridnour Lisa A. , Heinz William F. , Cheng Robert Y.S. , Wink Adelaide L. , Kedei Noemi , Pore Milind , Imtiaz Fatima , Femino Elise L. , Gonzalez Ana L. , Coutinho Leandro L. , Moffat Rebecca L. , Butcher Donna , Edmondson Elijah F. , Li Xiaoxian , Rangel Maria Cristina , Kinders Robert J. , Rittscher Jens , Lipkowitz Stanley , Wong Stephen T.C. , Anderson Stephen K. , McVicar Daniel W. , Glynn Sharon A. , Billiar Timothy R. , Chang Jenny C. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Ambs Stefan , Lockett Stephen J. , Wink David A. 
Published: October 2024

<p>Analysis of tumor NOS2/COX2 expression with respect to CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. <b>A,</b> Ratio of NOS2s/CD8 and COX2/CD8 expression in total and CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>−</sup> cytolytic T-cell populations. <b>B,</b> ER<sup>−</sup> breast cancer at 5-year survival stratified for high vs. low NOS2/CD8 and COX2/CD8 ratio validation in GSE37751 breast cancer data from Genome Expression Omnibus public data repository (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/info/download.html" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/info/download.html</a>). The R software (version 4.2) was used to extract gene expression data from ER<sup>−</sup> samples for analysis of high (red) vs. low (black) NOS2/CD8a and COX2/CD8a ratios dichotomized at the median. The survival data were exported to Prism (version 9) and plotted for survival. HRs and <i>P</i> values were determined using Mantel–Haenszel and Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test in Prism software. <b>C,</b> Phenotype % cell distributions in each tumor sample relative to survival. Each dot represents a tumor sample, and the dashed lines denote natural breaks in the data. <b>D,</b> Distribution plots of NOS2s vs. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells of all samples showing distinct regional clustering of immune deserts, fully inflamed penetrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and inflamed stroma-restricted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in tumors from deceased (red) vs. alive (blue) patients. *, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05; **, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.01.</p>
Multicenter Hemodynamic Assessment of the LOT-CRT Strategy: When Does Combining Left Bundle Branch Pacing and Coronary Venous Pacing Enhance Resynchronization?: Primary Results of the CSPOT Study
Authors: Jastrzębski Marek , Foley Paul , Chandrasekaran Badrinathan , Whinnett Zachary , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi , Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Schaller Robert D. , Gardas Rafał , Richardson Travis , Kudlik D’Anne , Stadler Robert W. , Zimmerman Patrick , Burrell James , Waxman Robert , Cornelussen Richard N. , Lyne Jonathan , Herweg Bengt 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) may be an alternative to biventricular pacing (BVP) for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We sought to compare the acute hemodynamic and ECG effects of LBBAP, BVP, and left bundle-optimized therapy CRT (LOT-CRT) in CRT candidates with advanced conduction disease.

METHODS:

In this multicenter study, 48 patients with either nonspecific interventricular conduction delay (n=29) or left bundle branch block (n=19) underwent acute hemodynamic testing to determine the change in left ventricular pressure maximal first derivative (LV d
P
/d
t
max
) from baseline atrial pacing to BVP, LBBAP, or LOT-CRT.

RESULTS:

Atrioventricular-optimized increases in LV d
P
/d
t
max
for LOT-CRT (mean, 25.8% [95% CI, 20.9%–30.7%]) and BVP (26.4% [95% CI, 20.2%–32.6%]) were greater than unipolar LBBAP (19.3% [95% CI, 15.0%–23.7%]) or bipolar LBBAP (16.4% [95% CI, 12.7%–20.0%];
P
≤0.005). QRS shortening was greater in LOT-CRT (29.5 [95% CI, 23.4–35.6] ms) than unipolar LBBAP (11.9 [95% CI, 6.1–17.7] ms), bipolar LBBAP (11.7 ms [95% CI, 6.4–17.0]), or BVP (18.5 [95% CI, 11.0–25.9] ms), all
P
≤0.005. Compared with patients with left bundle branch block, patients with interventricular conduction delay experienced less QRS reduction (
P
=0.026) but similar improvements in LV d
P
/d
t
max
(
P
=0.29). Bipolar LBBAP caused anodal capture in 54% of patients and resulted in less LV d
P
/d
t
max
improvement than unipolar LBBAP (18.6% versus 23.7%;
P
<0.001). Subclassification of LBBAP capture (European Heart Rhythm Association criteria) indicated LBBAP or LV septal pacing in 27 patients (56%) and deep septal pacing in 21 patients (44%). The hemodynamic benefit of adding left ventricular coronary vein pacing to LBBAP depended on baseline QRS duration (
P
=0.031) and success of LBBAP (
P
<0.004): LOT-CRT provided 14.5% (5.0%–24.1%) greater LV d
P
/d
t
max
improvement and 20.8 (12.8–28.8) ms greater QRS shortening than LBBAP in subjects with QRS ≥171 ms and deep septal pacing capture type.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a CRT cohort with advanced conduction disease, LOT-CRT and BVP provided greater acute hemodynamic benefit than LBBAP. Subjects with wider QRS or deep septal pacing are more likely to benefit from the addition of a left ventricular coronary vein lead to implement LOT-CRT.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04905290.
Identity Politics and Ethnic Marginalisation in Post-1991 Ethiopia
Authors: Beyazen Kefale , Ayalew Sisay Tamrat 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper examines identity politics and marginalisation in post-1991 Ethiopia, focusing on the genesis of ethnicity as a political mobilising mechanism during the ‘nationalities questions’ in the 1960s. Despite the presence of Marxism in the political culture of that era, ethnicity eventually became the dominant political reality in post-1991 Ethiopia, now enshrined in the constitution. The study analyses theoretical perspectives and employs a qualitative approach using secondary data to explore contemporary political culture. The study analyses the theoretical perspectives of instrumentalism, primordialism, and constructionism to explore the contemporary political culture of Ethiopia based on identity. The study recognises the role of the politicisation of ethnicity in ongoing ethnic conflicts and political violence. Finally, it concludes with lessons learned regarding the politicisation of ethnicity in a multi-national, multi-cultural, and multi-lingual state like Ethiopia, emphasising the importance of organising civic programmatic political parties over the proliferation of ethnic non-programmatic parties.
Islamism in Transition
Authors: Mohiuddin Asif , Borham Abd Hadi Bin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines the political inclusion of Islamist groups in the Middle East, beginning with a general overview of Islamism’s typologies. It is argued that Islamist movements are multifaceted not just conceptually and practically, but also in terms of moderation, dogmatism and their adaptation to contemporary trends for self-preservation and the desire for political power, for example. The essential Islamic teachings, subject to various interpretations, are a foundation for the diversity of these movements. Islamic groups have proven they are capable of developing effective political strategies for social and political activities. Nonetheless, certain organisations have utilised the disparity in authority between civil and religious institutions to their advantage. The article examines how Islamist parties may succeed in achieving their political objectives and how this might affect strategic possibilities and constraints. It concludes with a discussion of the integration of Islamist groups into mainstream politics and their future prospects.
The Aquatic Within
Authors: Hebel Clara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Whether in terrestrial or aquatic habitats, the material qualities of water make it an exquisite and drastic connector. Water is in relation and creates relation, rendering the planetary water cycle inescapable when being on earth. Accordingly, human-water relations are both, a matter of more-than-human kinship relations and of transcultural connections. This paper analyses Nnedi Okorafor’s Lagoon (2014), a novel presenting an imagination that puts absolute attention on more-than-human entanglements and emphasises water as a crucial agent of such entanglements. As an angry swordfish stabs a hole into an oil hose, aliens land in the waters of Lagos, and human characters transform into mermaids, Lagoon deals with concepts such as petroculture and planetary health and suggests an organic chaos of relationality as a relief to an artificial order of separation. Lagos, notorious in fiction and reality alike, transcends the role of mere setting in Lagoon, and instead appears as a huge being, formed by the intra-actions of its inhabitants. While emphasising the local, the diversity of its perspectives and the strong focus on relationality give Lagoon a planetary sense, but with a decidedly African twist. As part of Okorafor’s Africanfuturist vision, it is Lagos, Nigeria where the future emerges.
Abiotic stress response of medicinally potential Curcuma spp. in changing climate: Do we have enough clues?
Authors: Bharali Pritimani , Bhattacharyya Nabanita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Changing climate imposes abiotic stress factors, including salinity, flood, drought, high and low temperature, and light as well as heavy metals on medicinal plants. Plants respond to stress in terms of growth and biosynthesis of metabolites. The rhizomatous genus Curcuma has been extensively used in traditional or folk medicine worldwide and its therapeutic potential relies on its phyto-constituents. A discrete array of literature depicts negative effects on growth and alterations in yield of secondary metabolites under abiotic stress. However, one complete and precise document on the response of Curcuma spp. towards abiotic stress and their molecular mechanism is lacking. Hence, this review has been prepared by pulling together the published information on the abiotic stress response as well as the future research prospects on the Curcuma spp. along with other related rhizomatous plants of the family Zingiberaceae, to obtain prospective clues on possible responses of these medicinally potential species in the verge of changing climate. We have also highlighted the stress mitigation strategies employed by these plants in the light of available literature and by comparing with information on related species of Zingiberaceae family. We have focused on the urgency of multiomics approaches to find out the genetic and biochemical strategies of Curcuma spp. to cope with stress as well as emphasized for conservation of rare and endangered species of Curcuma. This review will be helpful for plant physiologists, farmers, pharmaceutical industries, and policy makers, to implement better plans and policies regarding uninterrupted commercial yield of Curcuma secondary metabolites in changing climate.