bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Fifteen Emerging Interventions for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Metcalf Olivia , Varker Tracey , Forbes David , Phelps Andrea , Dell Lisa , DiBattista Ashley , Ralph Naomi , O'Donnell Meaghan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlthough there is an abundance of novel interventions for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often their efficacy remains unknown. This systematic review assessed the evidence for 15 new or novel interventions for the treatment of PTSD. Studies that investigated changes to PTSD symptoms following the delivery of any 1 of the 15 interventions of interest were identified through systematic literature searches. There were 19 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this study. Eligible studies were assessed against methodological quality criteria and data were extracted. The majority of the 19 studies were of poor quality, hampered by methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes and lack of control group. There were 4 interventions, however, stemming from a mind–body philosophy (acupuncture, emotional freedom technique, mantra‐based meditation, and yoga) that had moderate quality evidence from mostly small‐ to moderate‐sized randomized controlled trials. The active components, however, of these promising emerging interventions and how they related to or were distinct from established treatments remain unclear. The majority of emerging interventions for the treatment of PTSD currently have an insufficient level of evidence supporting their efficacy, despite their increasing popularity. Further well‐designed controlled trials of emerging interventions for PTSD are required.
Mental Health Following Separation in a Disaster: The Role of Attachment
Authors: Gallagher H. Colin , Richardson John , Forbes David , Harms Louise , Gibbs Lisa , Alkemade Nathan , MacDougall Colin , Waters Elizabeth , Block Karen , Lusher Dean , Baker Elyse , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractShort‐term separation from close family members during a disaster is a highly salient event for those involved. Yet, its subsequent impact on mental health has received little empirical attention. One relevant factor may be attachment style, which influences patterns of support‐seeking under threatening conditions. Individuals (N = 914) affected by the 2009 Victorian bushfires in southeastern Australia were assessed for disaster experiences, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and attachment style 3–4 years after the fires. Using multigroup structural equation modelling, individuals who reported separation from close family members during the bushfires (n = 471) were compared to those who reported no separation (n = 443). Cross‐sectional results indicated that separated individuals had higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, attachment anxiety was more strongly positively associated with depression among separated (b = 0.62) versus not separated individuals (b = 0.32). Unexpectedly, among separated individuals, attachment avoidance had a statistically weaker association with depression (b = 0.17 vs. b = 0.35) and with PTSD symptoms (b = 0.06 vs. b = 0.22). These results suggest that attachment anxiety amplifies a negative reaction to separation; meanwhile, for avoidant individuals, separation in times of danger may facilitate defensive cognitive processes.
Reversal of rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade by sugammadex allows for optimization of neural monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Authors: Lu I‐Cheng , Wu Che‐Wei , Chang Pi‐Ying , Chen Hsiu‐Ya , Tseng Kuang‐Yi , Randolph Gregory W. , Cheng Kuang‐I , Chiang Feng‐Yu 
Published: January 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThe use of neuromuscular blocking agent may effect intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during thyroid surgery. An enhanced neuromuscular‐blockade (NMB) recovery protocol was investigated in a porcine model and subsequently clinically applied during human thyroid neural monitoring surgery.Study DesignProspective animal and retrospective clinical study.MethodsIn the animal experiment, 12 piglets were injected with rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg and randomly allocated to receive normal saline, sugammadex 2 mg/kg, or sugammadex 4 mg/kg to compare the recovery of laryngeal electromyography (EMG). In a subsequent clinical application study, 50 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with IONM followed an enhanced NMB recovery protocol—rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg at anesthesia induction and sugammadex 2 mg/kg at the operation start. The train‐of‐four (TOF) ratio was used for continuous quantitative monitoring of neuromuscular transmission.ResultsIn our porcine model, it took 49 ± 15, 13.2 ± 5.6, and 4.2 ± 1.5 minutes for the 80% recovery of laryngeal EMG after injection of saline, sugammadex 2 mg/kg, and sugammadex 4 mg/kg, respectively. In subsequent clinical human application, the TOF ratio recovered from 0 to >0.9 within 5 minutes after administration of sugammadex 2 mg/kg at the operation start. All patients had positive and high EMG amplitude at the early stage of the operation, and intubation was without difficulty in 96% of patients.ConclusionsBoth porcine modeling and clinical human application demonstrated that sugammadex 2 mg/kg allows effective and rapid restoration of neuromuscular function suppressed by rocuronium. Implementation of this enhanced NMB recovery protocol assures optimal conditions for tracheal intubation as well as IONM in thyroid surgery.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:1014–1019, 2016
Productivity outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery for recurrent acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Steele Toby O. , Detwiller Kara Y. , Mace Jess C. , Strong E. Bradley , Smith Timothy L. , Alt Jeremiah A. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives/HypothesisWe sought to evaluate preoperative and postoperative productivity losses and quality of life (QOL) impairment reported by patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS) as compared to patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP).Study DesignProspective, multi‐institutional, nested case–control.MethodsParticipants with RARS (n = 20) and CRSsNP (n = 20) undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were enrolled as part of a prospective cohort study. For comparison, participants diagnosed with RARS cases were age/gender‐matched to control participants diagnosed with CRSsNP using a 1:1 ratio.ResultsRARS and CRSsNP participants were followed for ∼14 months postoperatively. Productivity losses were reported as the number of days missed from normal productive activities out of the previous 90 days. RARS participants reported similar baseline productivity losses (12.6 ± 27.1 [standard deviation]) as participants with CRSsNP (11.7 ± 20.9; P = .314). Postoperatively, improvement in productivity losses was similar between RARS participants and CRSsNP controls (−6.7 ± 20.0 vs. −9.8 ± 19.1; P = .253). Preoperative and postoperative disease‐specific QOL measures (Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test‐22 and Rhinosinusitis Disability Index) were similar between the two groups. RARS participants reported a significant decrease in days of previous antibiotic (P = .009) and nasal decongestant (P = .004) use following ESS, whereas participants with CRSsNP reported a significant decrease in antibiotic (P = .002) and oral corticosteroid use (P = .002).ConclusionsRARS patients report baseline productivity losses and disease‐specific QOL impairment to levels that parallel those with CRSsNP. Patients with RARS report improvement in QOL following ESS in all disease‐specific QOL measures and in several medication measures. Productivity losses and postoperative improvements are similar between patients with RARS and CRSsNP.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 126:1046–1053, 2016
Neck abscess: An unusual clinical presentation of immunoglobulin G4 related disease
Authors: Tirelli Giancarlo , Gardenal Nicoletta , Del Piero Giulia Carolina 
Published: January 2016

Immunoglobulin G4 related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory disease that can affect almost any organ. Only a few cases of IgG4‐RD have been reported to present with cervical lymphadenopathy and none with neck abscesses. We report a case in a patient with bilateral neck mass and bilateral neck abscesses. The patient underwent bilateral neck incision for drainage of the abscesses on two occasions, followed by a neck dissection after a third recurrence. Immunohistochemistry of the specimen revealed IgG4‐RD. Although surgery is not the recommended first‐line approach for IgG4‐RD, only a neck dissection enabled clinical resolution of the lesions in our patient.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:1114–1116, 2016
How accurate are cited references in Iranian peer‐reviewed journals?
Authors: Ghane Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe references cited in scientific articles are as important as any other part of the paper, because of their usefulness to the scientific community and to abstracting and indexing services and citation databases. I studied inaccuracies in references and in‐text citations in sample of 97 of the 519 peer‐reviewed journals accredited by the Iranian National Commission for Journal Accreditation Policy (Ministry of Research, Science and Technology). The target journals published 2,980 articles with 74,577 cited references and 108,151 in‐text citations. The results showed 36.6% as the average percentage error rate (range 5.6% to 61.3%). The mean number of errors in cited reference and in‐text citations was 2.7 per article, and the mean number of errors per journal was 690. For the entire sample of articles, 4,369 in‐text citations did not match any source in the list of references (4%), and 8,683 cited references did not match any in‐text citation (11.6%). The stakeholders in scholarly communication, especially authors, pay insufficient attention to the accuracy of bibliographic references. Peer‐reviewed journals should encourage the use of standardized journal policies and quality‐control measures regarding peer review, data quality and accuracy.
Back to the future: (re)turning from peer review to peer engagement
Authors: Kennison Rebecca 
Published: January 2016

Key points

Scholarly communication – with the exception of traditional (e.g. blind and double‐blind) peer review – prizes the open exchange of ideas.
The aim of peer review should be engagement, not judgement.
Reviews that improve the quality of a work and thus advance the field are not merely service to the community, but contributions to existing scholarship, and need to be rewarded accordingly; an open and transparent review process is the first step in enabling such reviews to be properly recognized.
Peer review: The current landscape and future trends
Authors: Jubb Michael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper is based on research commissioned by the Wellcome Trust in 2015 and catalogues current initiatives and trends in the systems and processes surrounding peer review. It considers issues such as open and interactive reviews, post‐publication comments and ratings, and the platforms provided by both publishers and other organisations to support such activity; third‐party peer review platforms; and measures from publishers and others to provide more recognition and rewards for peer reviewers. It also speculates on likely key trends in peer review for the future.
The JBJS Peer‐Review Scoring Scale: A valid, reliable instrument for measuring the quality of peer review reports
Authors: Thompson Stephen R. , Agel Julie , Losina Elena 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMany journals seek to evaluate the quality of reviews performed by their panel of reviewers. The purpose of this study is to determine if members of a journal editorial board can consistently and reliably use a single numeric scoring system to evaluate the quality of peer reviews. A retrospective analysis of 11 randomly selected manuscripts that had undergone external peer review by three reviewers was performed. Six had been rejected and five accepted. Each deputy editor was asked to score each of the reviews. The intraclass correlation was determined for each of the manuscripts to determine the consistency in grading. The intraclass correlation for 10 of the 11 manuscripts was above 0.87. This study demonstrates that an editorial board of deputy editors, without external training, can consistently and reliably grade reviews with excellent agreement.
Peer choice – does reviewer self‐selection work?
Authors: Hartley James , Cowan John , Rushby Nick 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe British Journal of Educational Technology (BJET) uses a novel system for obtaining referees by e‐mailing the abstracts of submissions to a panel of over 250 referees and allowing these individuals to choose which papers they would like to review. An analysis of 13 experienced referees showed that, of 473 reviews assessed, these referees were slightly more lenient than the editor and that electronic records provide useful data that can be mined in interesting ways.
Diversity and productivity of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes in biogeochemically distinct regions of the South East Pacific Ocean
Authors: Rii Yoshimi M. , Duhamel Solange , Bidigare Robert R. , Karl David M. , Repeta Daniel J. , Church Matthew J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPicophytoplankton, including photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPE) and unicellular cyanobacteria, are important contributors to plankton biomass and primary productivity. In this study, phytoplankton composition and rates of carbon fixation were examined across a large trophic gradient in the South East Pacific Ocean (SEP) using a suite of approaches: photosynthetic pigments, rates of 14C‐primary productivity, and phylogenetic analyses of partial 18S rRNA genes PCR amplified and sequenced from flow cytometrically sorted cells. While phytoplankton >10 μm (diatoms and dinoflagellates) were prevalent in the upwelling region off the Chilean coast, picophytoplankton consistently accounted for 55–92% of the total chlorophyll a inventories and >60% of 14C‐primary productivity throughout the sampling region. Estimates of rates of 14C‐primary productivity derived from flow cytometric sorting of radiolabeled cells revealed that the contributions of PPE and Prochlorococcus to euphotic zone depth‐integrated picoplankton productivity were nearly equivalent (ranging 36–57%) along the transect, with PPE comprising a larger share of picoplankton productivity than cyanobacteria in the well‐lit (>15% surface irradiance) region compared with in the lower regions (1–7% surface irradiance) of the euphotic zone. 18S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed the taxonomic identities of PPE; e.g., Mamiellophyceae (Ostreococcus) were the dominant PPE in the upwelling‐influenced waters, while members of the Chrysophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Pelagophyceae, and Prasinophyceae Clades VII and IX flourished in the oligotrophic South Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Our results suggest that, despite low numerical abundance in comparison to cyanobacteria, diverse members of PPE are significant contributors to carbon cycling across biogeochemically distinct regions of the SEP.
Strong linkages between DOM optical properties and main clades of aquatic bacteria
Authors: Amaral Valentina , Graeber Daniel , Calliari Danilo , Alonso Cecilia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDespite considerable research on the linkages between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bacteria, it is not yet clear how the abundance of the main aquatic clades relates to DOM composition in natural aquatic systems. We evaluated this relation using PARAFAC modeling of excitation–emission fluorescence spectroscopy and spectroscopic indexes to characterize DOM composition, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, to quantify the major bacterial groups in a subtropical lagoon. The DOM exhibited marked temporal variations in concentration, molecular weight, aromaticity, color, degree of humification, and freshness, and proportion of the three different fluorescent components identified. All major bacterial clades (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Cytophaga‐Flavobacteria) were significantly linked to DOM concentration and/or composition, being those crucial factors for modeling their abundance in situ. The combination and significance of the factors was specific for each bacterial group, strongly indicating that they behave as coherent and distinctive units. Cytophaga‐Flavobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were the groups which correlated with more DOM properties. Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria abundances were significantly explained by low or high dissolved organic carbon concentrations, respectively. The significant relationships between DOM properties and the main bacterial groups delineated a profile of each group regarding DOM preferences/dislikes, in agreement with evidence derived from genome analysis to single‐cell substrate uptake. These results highlight the specificities of the main bacterial clades, providing support for a functional classification of the bacterioplankton regarding DOM processing at the level of bacterial classes.
Measuring the distribution, abundance, and biovolume of zooplankton in an oligotrophic freshwater lake with a 710 kHz scientific echosounder
Authors: Warren Joseph D. , Leach Taylor H. , Williamson Craig E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAcoustic surveys of the distribution and abundance of freshwater zooplankton were conducted in Lake Giles, an oligotrophic freshwater lake. Volume backscatter data from a 710 kHz scientific echosounder were converted to high‐resolution spatial and temporal numerical density estimates of small zooplankton. Vertical net tows of a 153 μm mesh closing bongo net at multiple depth intervals provided both identification of the types and sizes (0.5–1.5 mm length) of crustacean zooplankton present in the lake as well as an independent measurement of zooplankton numerical density. Net and acoustic estimates of zooplankton abundance, biovolume, and distribution were very similar. The improved resolution of the high‐frequency acoustic sampling provides insight into several aspects of freshwater zooplankton ecology including: separation of migrating and non‐migrating zooplankton, high resolution measurements of in situ zooplankton biovolume, calculation of in situ vertical velocities of migrating zooplankton, and fine‐scale (sub‐meter) horizontal and vertical zooplankton distribution during daytime, nighttime, and vertical migration events. These methods allow for more detailed and accurate estimates of zooplankton distribution than traditional net sampling methods can provide, including determining the total abundance of organisms within a specific habitat. They also provide higher resolution data in both space and time of smaller zooplankton taxa than have been measured previously in freshwater ecosystems.
Short time efficacy and safety of focused monopolar radiofrequency device for labial laxity improvement—noninvasive labia tissue tightening. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Fistonić Ivan , Sorta Bilajac Turina Iva , Fistonić Nikola , Marton Ingrid 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectiveTo evaluate safety and efficacy of focused monopolar radio frequency (RF) device for non‐invasive labia tissue tightening and improvement of labial laxity.MethodsThis prospective cohort study participants were 17 female subjects aged between 27 and 56 years with lax skin at the labia area. All subjects received four consecutive treatments at 7‐day intervals with RF device (Exilis Protege IntimaR, BTL Industries Inc., Boston, MA). The primary efficacy outcome measure was defined as one or more point improvement on 1–4 scale for vulva appearance determined by three blinded evaluators. Digital photographs were taken at the baseline and 1 month after the last treatment. Sexual gratification was assessed with Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) and patient discomfort by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).ResultsAn average 2.9 (of maximum 4) points improvement rate in vulvar appearance was observed (P < 0.01). Mean of the total FSFI score enhanced from initial 75–87% (P < 0.001). Resultant 4.7 (18%) points increase was achieved. Ninety four percent of subjects reported mild to none discomfort during the treatment. No adverse events during the study course were reported.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates the positive effect of focused monopolar RF device for non‐invasive labia tissue tightening. The treatment is effective and safe with high patient satisfaction. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:254–259, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful treatment of two pediatric port wine stains in darker skin types using 595 nm laser
Authors: Bae Yoon‐Soo Cindy , Ng Elise , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectivePort wine stain (PWS) is a congenital vascular malformation of skin involving post‐capillary venules, which commonly occurs on the face. While successful treatment has been reported with Caucasian, Hispanic, and Asian skin, physicians have battled treating these progressive lesions in patients of darker skin color, as the targeted chromophore (hemoglobin) shares a similar absorption coefficient as melanin. There are no reports of favorable outcomes in African–American children or adults. Although treatment in darker skin types has been previously discouraged we present a case series of patients of African descent with port wine stains treated using a pulsed‐dye laser (Vbeam Perfecta, Candela Laser,Wayland, Mass) with significant improvement and no complications.Study Design/Material and MethodsPresentation of two pediatric patients of African descent (skin types 4 and 5) ages 1 month and 4 years old seen and treated in our office using a pulsed‐dye laser until resolution. Laser parameters were spot size 10 mm; fluence 7–8.25 J/cm2; wavelength 595 nm; pulse duration 1.5 Millisecond with dynamic cooling.ResultsResolution of the port wine stain without complication.ConclusionThis early approach represents a new and safe therapeutic option for treating port wine stains in this patient population. To our knowledge, the successful use of pulsed dye laser for the treatment of port wine stain in patients of African descent without complications has not yet been reported. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:339–342, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.