bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences for Multiple Sclerosis Treatments
Authors: Mansfield Carol , Thomas Nina , Gebben David , Lucas Maria , Hauber A. Brett 
Published: December 2016

Background:
The growing number of treatments for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) provides opportunities to consider patient preferences in treatment decisions.

Methods:
We designed a Web-based, discrete-choice experiment survey to analyze treatment preferences in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). The survey presented hypothetical MS treatments defined by six attributes: risk of MS progression, time between relapses, risk of serious infection, treatment-related flu-like symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms, and route and frequency of administration. Preference weights estimated with random-parameters logit were used to calculate importance scores and preference shares among three pairs of subsamples.

Results:
Patients with a self-reported physician diagnosis of RRMS (N = 301) completed the survey: 56% rated their disability level as normal or mild; 43% currently used a self-injectable treatment. Respondents with normal or mild disability levels placed greater weight on avoiding injections with flu-like symptoms and risk of progression, whereas patients with worse disability placed greater weight on reducing risk of progression and risk of serious infection. Patients taking injectables placed the most weight on risk of progression and risk of serious infection, whereas respondents not taking injectables placed the most weight on route and frequency of administration. Differences in preferences between subgroups were significant (P &lt; .05). The presence of common adverse events associated with daily pills and injectables altered predicted preferences for route of administration.

Conclusions:
Preferences of patients with RRMS varied depending on current treatment and disability level, especially regarding mode of administration. Considering patient preferences for treatment features may lead to higher treatment satisfaction and adherence.
The Clinical Value of Assessing Lumbar Posteroanterior Segmental Stiffness: A Narrative Review of Manual and Instrumented Methods
Authors: Wong Arnold Y.L. , Kawchuk Gregory N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAbnormal spinal segmental motion/stiffness is purported to be a cause, or an effect of, low back pain. Therefore, the assessment of posteroanterior segmental spinal stiffness is a common practice in clinical and research settings. In clinical settings, manipulative practitioners routinely assess spinal stiffness manually to guide clinical decision‐making. Unfortunately, the reliability of manual segmental spinal stiffness assessment is poor. As a result, various spinal stiffness‐testing devices have been developed to improve the reliability and accuracy of spinal stiffness measures. Although previous critical and systematic reviews have summarized the evidence regarding the reliability and confounding factors of manual and/or instrumented spinal stiffness measurements, no available review has summarized the principles of various spinal stiffness measurement methods nor pragmatic recommendations to optimize these measurements. Importantly, although posteroanterior segmental spinal stiffness is hypothesized to be related closely to low back pain or clinical outcomes after treatments, no review has been conducted to summarize evidence related to these premises and to discuss factors that can confound these relations. Against this background, this narrative review revisits the concept of both manual and instrumented spinal stiffness assessments, summarizes the pragmatic recommendations for minimizing measurement errors, reviews the potential relations between segmental spinal stiffness and low back pain, and provides future clinical research directions that can benefit clinicians and researchers alike.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
The Epidemiology of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Dryden Donna M. , Saunders L. Duncan , Rowe Brian H. , May Laura A. , Yiannakoulias Niko , Svenson Lawrence W. , Schopflocher Donald P. , Voaklander Donald C. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:Objectives:To describe the incidence and pattern of traumatic spinal cord injury and cauda equina injury (SCI) in a geographically defined region of Canada.Methods:The study period was April 1, 1997 to March 31, 2000. Data were gathered from three provincial sources: administrative data from the Alberta Ministry of Health and Wellness, records from the Alberta Trauma Registry, and death certificates from the Office of the Medical Examiner.Results:From all three data sources, 450 cases of SCI were identified. Of these, 71 (15.8%) died prior to hospitalization. The annual incidence rate was 52.5/million population (95% CI: 47.7, 57.4). For those who survived to hospital admission, the incidence rate was 44.3/million/year (95% CI: 39.8, 48.7). The incidence rates for males were consistently higher than for females for all age groups. Motor vehicle collisions accounted for 56.4% of injuries, followed by falls (19.1%). The highest incidence of motor vehicle-related SCI occurred to those between 15 and 29 years (60/million/year). Fall-related injuries primarily occurred to those older than 60 years (45/million/year). Rural residents were 2.5 times as likely to be injured as urban residents.Conclusion:Prevention strategies for SCI should target males of all ages, adolescents and young adults of both sexes, rural residents, motor vehicle collisions, and fall prevention for those older than 60 years.
Lazaroid Attenuates Edema by Stabilizing ATPase in the Traumatized Rat Brain
Authors: Durmaz Ramazan , Kanbak Güngör , Akyüz Fahrettin , Isiksoy Serap , Yücel Ferruh , Inal Mine , Tel Esref 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:Objective:The aim of the present study was to determine the potential therapeutic value of the lazaroid U-83836E on blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and edema with respect to the changes in the synaptosomal Na+/K+and Mg2+/Ca2+- adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities, tissue malondialdehyde levels and the neuronal viability in the rat brain subjected to cerebral trauma.Methods:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was introduced by applying a 75 gm. cm force to the right parietal cortex using the weight-drop method. The first set of animals was used for determining time course changes of the synaptosomal Na+/K+and Mg2++/Ca2+-ATPase and the malondialdehyde levels and were sacrificed 2, 6 and 24h after lesion production. A group of the animals was treated with U-83836E proir to TBI and sacrificed 24h after cerebral injury. A second set of animals was used for evaluating the alterations in BBB disruption and tissue water content and were sacrificed 2, 6 and 24h after lesion production. Two groups of animals were treated with U-83836E and sacrificed after 2 and 24h following TBI. U-83836E was given intraperitoneally thirty minutes before trauma at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Neuronal necrosis was also evaluated in the groups of U-83836E and physiological saline-treated animals.Results:Extravasation of Evans blue into the traumatized hemisphere was maximum at 2h (p<0.001) and returned close to the control levels at 24h after TBI (p>0.05). Edema had developed progressively over time and reached the maximum degree of 2.1 % (p<0.001) at 24 h. U-83836E showed no effect on the BBB breakdown and the tissue water content at 2h and still had no effect on the BBB breakdown after 24h following the trauma (p>0.05), although it reduced edema after 24h (p<0.01). The losses of Na+/K+and Mg2+/Ca2+-ATPase activities were found as 39.5 % (p<0.001) and 29.4 % (p<0.01) of the control value, respectively, and remained at the decreased levels throughout the experiment. Malondialdehyde level continued to increase over time reaching up to 209 % (p<0.001) of the control value 24h after TBI. Both ATPase activities were improved to near control values (p>0.05) by the effect of U-83836E. U-83836E inhibited the increase of lipid peroxidation (p<0.001) and also salvaged neuronal necrosis (p<0.05).Conclusion:U-83836E given prophylactically after cerebral trauma appears to reduce edema, possibly by inhibiting increases in lipid peroxidation and by stabilizing ATPase. Further studies are recommended to verify the similar effects of the brain penetrating lazaroids when they are given after trauma.
Magnetic Resonance Image Findings and Surgical Considerations in T1-2 Disc Herniation
Authors: Caner H. , Kilinçoglu B.F. , Benli S. , Altinörs N. , Bavbek M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:Objective:To report a case of disc herniation at Tl-2.Clinical presentation:A 57-year-old man presented with hand weakness, Horner's syndrome, and pain radiating along the medial aspect of one upper extremity. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated extruded Tl-2 disc herniation with upward herniation of a sequestrated fragment.Intervention:An anterior approach was used to excise the disc, that was compressing the spinal cord and the Tl nerve root. All the patient's symptoms resolved completely, including Horner's syndrome.Conclusion:Anterior discectomy may be the simplest and most effective method for disc excision and relief of spinal cord and Tl nerve root compression.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Associated with Pasteurella multocida Meningitis
Authors: Proulx Normand L. , Freedman Mark S. , Chan James W. , Toye Baldwin , Code Cathy C. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:Objective:To describe a case of Pasteurella multocida meningitis associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).Case report:A 33-year-old woman employed in a dog pound presented herself to hospital with fever and meningismus and was found to have culture positive Pasteurella multocida meningitis. Despite appropriate antibiotic treatment her clinical course was characterized by a persistent fever and worsening encephalopathy, which prompted further neurological investigation. Spinal fluid exam and serial MRI scans as well as her one-year clinical course were found to be compatible with ADEM.Conclusion:Persistent fever and worsening encephalopathy in meningitis may indicate a para-infectious immune process such as ADEM, and may serve as indications for further neurological investigation.
Serum C-reactive protein levels and body mass index in children and adolescents with CHD
Authors: Goulart Maíra Ribas , Schuh Daniela Schneid , Moraes David W. , Barbiero Sandra Mari , Pellanda Lucia Campos 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of overweight in children with CHD is about 26.9%. Increase in adipose tissue is related to the secretion of proinflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein. Assuming that children with CHD are exposed to other inherent risk factors for heart disease, our objective was to evaluate the correlation between levels of C-reactive protein and body mass index in children and adolescents with CHD.MethodsA cross-sectional study with 377 children and adolescents with CHD in a clinical setting of a reference hospital was carried out. C-reactive protein data were collected after 12 hours of fasting. Nutritional status was classified according to body mass index. The patients were divided into three groups: cyanotic, acyanotic, and minimal heart defects (controls).ResultsThe mean age was 9.9±4.2 years, and 53.6% of the sample included males. The cyanotic group represented 22.3%, acyanotic 42.2%, and minimal defects 35.5% of the sample. The average body mass index percentile was 57.23±32.06. The median values of C-reactive protein were as follows: cyanotic 0.340, acyanotic with clinical repercussion 0.203, and minimal defects 0.128. There was a significant difference between the minimal defects and the cyanotic groups (p=0.023). There was a significant correlation between C-reactive protein and body mass index percentile (r=0.293, p<0.01). C-reactive protein levels were higher in girls (p=0.034). There were no significant correlations between C-reactive protein and age or birth weight.ConclusionThe correlation between body mass index percentile and C-reactive protein was confirmed in this population. The prevention of overweight is paramount to avoid overlapping modifiable risk factors to those already inherent to the CHD.
A Prospective Analysis of Patients Presenting for Medical Attention at a Large Electronic Dance Music Festival
Authors: Friedman Matt S. , Plocki Alex , Likourezos Antonios , Pushkar Illya , Bazos Andrew N. , Fromm Christian , Friedman Benjamin W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMass-Gathering Medicine studies have identified variables that predict greater patient presentation rates (PPRs) and transport to hospital rates (TTHRs). This is a descriptive report of patients who presented for medical attention at an annual electronic dance music festival (EDMF). At this large, single EDMF in New York City (NYC; New York, USA), the frequency of patient presentation, the range of presentations, and interventions performed were identified.This descriptive report examined consecutive patients who presented to the medical tent of a summertime EDMF held at an outdoor venue with an active, mobile, bounded crowd. Alcohol was available for sale. Entry was restricted to persons 18 years and older. The festival occurred on three consecutive days with a total cumulative attendance of 58,000. Medical staffing included two Emergency Medicine physicians, four registered nurses, and 86 Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers. Data collected included demographics, past medical history, vital signs, physical exam, drug and alcohol use, interventions performed, and transport decisions.Eighty-four patients were enrolled over 2.5 days. Six were transported and zero died. The ages of the subjects ranged from 17 to 61 years. Forty-three (51%) were male. Thirty-eight (45%) initially presented with abnormal vital signs; four (5%) were hyperthermic. Of these latter patients, 34 (90%) reported ingestions with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or other drugs. Eleven (65%) patients were diaphoretic or mydriatic. The most common prehospital interventions were intravenous normal saline (8/84; 10%), ondansetron (6/84; 7%), and midazolam (3/84; 4%).Electronic dance music festivals are a growing trend and a new challenge for Mass-Gathering Medicine as new strategies must be employed to decrease TTHR and mortality. Addressing common and expected medical emergencies at mass-gathering events through awareness, preparation, and early, focused medical interventions may decrease PPR, TTHR, and overall mortality.FriedmanMS, PlockiA, LikourezosA, PushkarI, BazosAN, FrommC, FriedmanBW. A prospective analysis of patients presenting for medical attention at a large electronic dance music festival. Prehosp Disaster Med.2017; 32(1):78–82.
Word2Vec
Authors: CHURCH KENNETH WARD 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMy last column ended with some comments about Kuhn and word2vec. Word2vec has racked up plenty of citations because it satisifies both of Kuhn’s conditions for emerging trends: (1) a few initial (promising, if not convincing) successes that motivate early adopters (students) to do more, as well as (2) leaving plenty of room for early adopters to contribute and benefit by doing so. The fact that Google has so much to say on ‘How does word2vec work’ makes it clear that the definitive answer to that question has yet to be written. It also helps citation counts to distribute code and data to make it that much easier for the next generation to take advantage of the opportunities (and cite your work in the process).
The Evolution of the Chinese Sìhū 四呼 Concept of Syllable Classification
Authors: Simmons Richard VanNess 
Published: December 2016

Summary
This paper examines the origins and evolution of the Chinese linguistic concept known as the sìhū 四呼 “four types of rime onset” that is frequently applied to the description and analysis of Mandarin and Chinese dialect phonology. Through the examination of phonological texts primarily of the Míng (1368–1644) and Qīng (1644–1911) periods, the author follows the evolution of the sìhū as a phonological feature and outlines the development of the sìhū concept as well as the evolution of the actual term “sìhū” The underlying phonology of the sìhū emerged following the divergence of Mandarin from the other dialects in the Sòng (960–1279), through the Yuán (1271–1386), and into the Míng. The discovery and description of the sìhū was closely related to developments in phonological analysis made by Míng scholars as they departed from Middle Chinese tradition (of the 7th to the 12th centuries) and mapped out contemporary Mandarin pronunciation, especially that of the prestige Mandarin koinē known as Guānhuà. The emergence and description of the sìhū are thus found to parallel the evolution of Mandarin, as the phonological categories the sìhū represent evolved in concert with characteristic Mandarin features. The attention that Míng and Qīng scholars gave to the rime onset types of the sìhū analysis demonstrates that the phonological features represented by this four-way paradigm were considered to be important elements of contemporary forms of prestige Mandarin.
Gender Asymmetries in Iroquoian Languages and their Cultural Correlates
Authors: Kilarski Marcin 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis article examines the approaches to grammatical gender in Northern Iroquoian languages, ranging from the earliest references made by French missionaries in the 1630s to contemporary studies. The author focuses on two motifs in descriptions of Iroquoian gender: the supposedly ‘primitive’ nature of its morphological expression, which was mentioned predominantly in 18th-century accounts of Huron, and the asymmetries between the expression of masculine and feminine reference, which have been the main topic of the accounts of Mohawk, Oneida and Onondaga since the late 19th century. By tracing the two motifs the close links that were established between gender and culture patterns are illustrated, frequently leading to contradictory explanations concerning diachronic scenarios as well as more general impressionistic properties attributed to the languages and their speakers.
Impact of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (Koi herpesvirus) on wild and cultured fish.
Authors: Steinhagen D. , Jung-Schroers V. , Adamek M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Common carp is a widespread freshwater fish inhabiting lower and mid streams of rivers and shallow confined waters in Eurasia. Carp aquaculture in shallow, man-made ponds has a long history and now common carp is the most widely cultured freshwater fish species in the world. In many regions, carp aquaculture secures food for the population and carp ponds constitute characteristic elements in the landscape, which contribute to local biodiversity and water balance. Farmed and natural populations of common carp can be threatened by the cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3, syn. Koi herpesvirus (KHV)), the cause of KHV disease. Carp affected by this disease develop severe clinical signs and suffer from high morbidity and mortality. The infection was rapidly dispersed into naive populations by healthy appearing latently infected individuals. During initial outbreaks, the disease killed farmed carp in Europe, Israel and Indonesia as well as a high percentage of carp from natural populations in China, Europe, Japan and the USA. However, in subsequent years the number of carp mortalities declined in affected populations. In carp aquaculture, economic losses related to fish mortalities, reduced stocking density in ponds at risk of infection and trade restrictions incurred upon infected carp populations, are still significantly challenging the economic basis of carp farming. Possible control measures include disinfection of contaminated ponds by quick lime and re-stocking with virus-free fish, the development of effective vaccines and the breeding of disease-resistant carp lines.
Satellite infall and mass deposition on the Galactic Centre
Authors: Gallego Sofía G. , Cuadra Jorge 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We model the infall of an ∼2 × 105 M⊙ satellite galaxy on to the inner 200 parsec of our Galaxy, to test whether the satellite could perturb the gas previously on stable orbits in the central molecular zone, as proposed by Lang et al. This process would have driven a large gas inflow around 10 Myr ago, necessary to explain the past high accretion rate on to the supermassive black hole, and the presence of young stars in the inner parsecs of the Galaxy. Our hydrodynamical simulations show a much smaller inflow of gas, not sufficient to produce the aforementioned effects.
Blocking the CCL2–CCR2 Axis Using CCL2-Neutralizing Antibody Is an Effective Therapy for Hepatocellular Cancer in a Mouse Model
Authors: Teng Kun-Yu , Han Jianfeng , Zhang Xiaoli , Hsu Shu-Hao , He Shun , Wani Nissar A. , Barajas Juan M. , Snyder Linda A. , Frankel Wendy L. , Caligiuri Michael A. , Jacob Samson T. , Yu Jianhua , Ghoshal Kalpana 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma, a deadly disease, commonly arises in the setting of chronic inflammation. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP1), a chemokine that recruits CCR2-positive immune cells to promote inflammation, is highly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of CCL2–CCR2 axis inhibitors against hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the miR-122 knockout (a.k.a. KO) mouse model. This mouse model displays upregulation of hepatic CCL2 expression, which correlates with hepatitis that progress to hepatocellular carcinoma with age. Therapeutic potential of CCL2–CCR2 axis blockade was determined by treating KO mice with a CCL2-neutralizing antibody (nAb). This immunotherapy suppressed chronic liver inflammation in these mice by reducing the population of CD11highGr1+ inflammatory myeloid cells and inhibiting expression of IL6 and TNFα in KO livers. Furthermore, treatment of tumor-bearing KO mice with CCL2 nAb for 8 weeks significantly reduced liver damage, hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, and tumor burden. Phospho-STAT3 (Y705) and c-MYC, the downstream targets of IL6, as well as NF-κB, the downstream target of TNFα, were downregulated upon CCL2 inhibition, which correlated with suppression of tumor growth. In addition, CCL2 nAb enhanced hepatic NK-cell cytotoxicity and IFNγ production, which is likely to contribute to the inhibition of tumorigenesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CCL2 immunotherapy could be an effective therapeutic approach against inflammatory liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 312–22. ©2016 AACR.