bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methane Formation Efficiency on Icy Grains: Role of Adsorption States
Authors: Tsuge Masashi , Molpeceres Germán , Aikawa Yuri , Watanabe Naoki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Methane (CH4) is one of the major components of the icy mantle of cosmic dust prevalent in cold, dense regions of interstellar media, playing an important role in the synthesis of complex organic molecules and prebiotic molecules. Solid CH4 is considered to be formed via the successive hydrogenation of C atoms accreting onto dust: C + 4H → CH4. However, most astrochemical models assume this reaction on the ice mantles of dust to be barrierless and efficient, without considering the states of adsorption. Recently, we found that C atoms exist in either the physisorbed or chemisorbed state on compact amorphous solid water, which is analogous to an interstellar ice mantle. These distinct adsorption states considerably affect the hydrogenation reactivity of the C atom. Herein, we elucidate the reactivities of physisorbed and chemisorbed C atoms with H atoms via sequential deposition and codeposition processes. The results indicate that only physisorbed C atoms can produce CH4 on ice. Combining this finding with a previous estimate for the fraction of physisorbed C atoms on ice, we determined the upper limit for the conversion of C atoms into CH4 to be 30%.
e Vehicle Cooling System Approach for Off-Highway Machines
Authors: Dewangan Nitin , Joshi Prathamesh 
Published: September 2024

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Traditionally the off-highway vehicles like tractors, construction and road building machinery have been using diesel engine as the power source. In recent times there has been more and more focus to adopt either all electric or hybrid powertrain for off highway vehicles to reduce the carbon footprint. The e machines involve various electrical components like Battery pack, On board Charger, DC/DC converter, Inverters, Traction motors, PTO Motor and e transmission. The cooling requirement and the fluid temperature limits for these electric components is different compared to the conventional engine. In most of the cases the battery cell temperature needs to be around 20 to 30 °C which in most cases would be below the ambient temperature. Whereas the hydraulic oil temperature can be as high as 100 °C. The hydraulic oil temperature can be maintained using a separate air-cooled hydraulic oil cooler or a plate cooler. Therefore, the cooling system for the e components will be unique and different compared to the conventional diesel engines. The cooling system for a Battery electric vehicle (BEV) involves multiple cooling loops due to difference in fluid temperature limit. A typical Battery electric vehicle (BEV) may involve the Water	Ethyl glycol loop, Battery loop, HVAC loop &amp; e- transmission loop. This study talks about the approach that has been followed to design the cooling system for the all-electric e machines using 1D KULI simulations.</div></div>
Theatrical art of North Ossetia during the period of cultural modernization of the 1920–1930s
Authors: Цориева И.Т. 
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматривается уникальный по своей сути период рефор- мы театрального дела в многонациональной стране в 1920–1930-е гг., ставший для национальных культур рубежом перехода от любительских в основном теа- тральных объединений к профессиональным формам театрального искусства с государственным статусом. Отмечается, что в период культурной модерниза- ции театральное искусство в Северной Осетии развивалось в общей канве со- ветской культурной политики использования театра в качестве инструмента воспитания нового человека в ходе социалистического строительства.
The article examines a unique period of theatrical reform in a multinational country in the 1920-1930s, which became for national cultures the boundary of transition from mostly amateur theatrical associations to professional forms of theatrical art with state status. It is noted that during the period of cultural modernization, theatrical art in North Ossetia developed in the general mainstream of the Soviet cultural policy of using theater as a tool for educating a new person in the course of socialist construction
REFORMAS ESTATUTARIAS Y DECLARACIONES DE DERECHOS
Authors: BALAGUER CALLEJÓN FRANCISCO , ORTEGA ÁLVAREZ LUIS , CÁMARA VILLAR GREGORIO , MONTILLA MARTOS JOSÉ ANTONIO 
Published: September 2024

En primer lugar, se han analizado los antecedentes de los derechos o principios en los estatutos anteriores a los reformados, así como en los actualmente vigentes que no han sido objeto de reforma. También se han considerado las referencias competenciales que hubiera, en su caso, en relación con esos derechos o principios. En segundo lugar, se ha analizado la regulación contenida en los nuevos estatutos de autonomía y en los estatutos reformados, incluyendo las seis reformas ya culminadas: Valencia, Cataluña, Andalucía, Baleares, Aragón y Castilla y León. Se ha atendido también a la vinculación de los derechos o principios que son objeto de estudio con las competencias de la Comunidad Autónoma correspondiente, establecidas en los Estatutos de Autonomía. En tercer lugar, se ha conectado el derecho o principio con su matriz constitucional así como con los derechos o principios correspondientes en la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea. Por último, se ha realizado una valoración personal sobre la aportación que puede suponer cada derecho o principio, teniendo en cuenta las cuestiones que previamente se han desarrollado en los distintos apartados que lo integran.
EMPIRICAL DATA FOR EUROPEAN TRANSITION COUNTRIES ON THE LINK BETWEEN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Kadriji Linda , Haxhimustafa Shenaj 
Published: September 2024

<p>This study uses market capitalization and the banking industry to examine the relationship between financial development and economic growth between 2000 and 2022. This research employs multiple approaches, including OLS, fixed and random effects, and Hausman-Taylor with instrumental variables. Our study provided well-specified results, demonstrating that financial development is statistically significant and positively affects real GDP per capita in European transition countries. Consequently, financial development has positive effects on real GDP per capita as well as being necessary to promote economic growth. According to the analysis, real GDP per capita growth is negatively impacted by both the financial crisis and total liabilities. These findings suggest that when these countries face financial turmoil, it impedes their ability to sustain economic expansion; likewise, higher levels of liquid liabilities are associated with a reduction in real GDP per capita. As a result, our methodology in European transition nations sheds new light on the link between financial development, financial crises, and real GDP per capita growth and provides significant insights for policymakers seeking a deeper understanding. The study is unique in that it aims to shed light on how financial development affects the growth of real GDP per capita in transitional European nations. Central banks and policymakers will find value in the study's conclusions.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL: </strong>C23, G28, O16</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0711/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FINANCIAL LITERACY OF THE PROPRIETORS AND ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE OF RETAIL BUSINESSES IN KUTUS TOWN, KENYA
Authors: Muigai Robert Gitau , Mwangi Gideon 
Published: September 2024

<p>According to the Economic Survey report of 2023, approximately 83% of Kenyans are literate. This was supported by the preliminary survey conducted in Kutus, which showed that the majority of retail business owners were relatively literate. This study sought to establish the nexus between proprietor financial literacy and enterprise performance of retail businesses in Kutus town. The research was conducted in Kutus, Kirinyaga County, which has numerous retail outlets that pervaded different sectors. Specifically, the study sought to assess whether financial knowledge, financial competence, and financial experience possessed by retail business owners influence business performance. The study was anchored on the financial socialization theory. The study, whose target population comprised the retail businesses operating within Kutus town, adopted the descriptive research design. The study sampled 135 retail businesses using a systematic sampling technique. The study used primary data collected using structured questionnaires. Analysis of the collected data was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, and results were presented in tables and charts. The study found that all three constructs of the financial literacy variable had a positive and significant influence on the performance of retail outlets. The study, therefore, recommended that proprietors of business entities should retool their financial literacy skills in an effort to improve their entrepreneurial decisions. Further, Institutions of higher learning should develop and launch training programs tailor-made for entrepreneurs to plug the identified financial literacy gap.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL</strong>: L10; L20; M10; G20</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0760/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
CYBERSECURITY AND THE AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLY CHAIN IN MOROCCO: EXPLORATORY STUDY
Authors: Kenza Raissouni , Zakia Errabih , Rajaa Raissouni , Rabih Raissouni Mohammed , Soukaina Charroud , Salmane Bourkkadi 
Published: September 2024

<p>Technological evolution exposes the Moroccan automotive supply chain to cyberattack risks, which could potentially lead to interruptions detrimental to operational continuity. In order to better understand the security measures currently in place to address these potential threats, an exploratory study was conducted within companies in the Moroccan automotive sector. This research was conducted through structured interviews, guided by specific questionnaires, with four carefully selected companies. The sample included two small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as two large companies in the automotive sector in Morocco. The results obtained from these interviews reveal significant differences in the level of awareness and security approach towards cyberattack risks among the different companies interviewed.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>JEL</strong>: L91, L62, O33, D80, M15, R41</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0775/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE NEXUS BETWEEN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT, CEO COMPENSATION, AND FIRM VALUE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE
Authors: Nyongesa Remmy Wekesa , Mwangi Cyrus I. , Wanjare Joshua M. 
Published: September 2024

<p>This study investigates the intricate relationships between earnings management, CEO compensation, and firm value within companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). Utilizing a comprehensive dataset spanning 10 years, the research delves into how earnings management practices influence CEO compensation structures and, subsequently, the overall value of the firm. The study employs robust econometric models to analyze the interactions between these variables, shedding light on whether earnings management serves as a tool for CEOs to meet performance targets and enhance their compensation or if it detracts from the firm's long-term value. Empirical findings reveal significant correlations, indicating that firms engaging in higher levels of earnings management tend to exhibit more aggressive CEO compensation packages. Moreover, the study highlights the dual-edged nature of earnings management, showing its potential to positively and negatively impact firm value depending on the context and magnitude of such practices. The insights gained from this research contribute to the broader discourse on corporate governance, providing valuable implications for regulators, investors, and policymakers aiming to enhance the transparency and accountability of executive compensation and financial reporting practices in emerging markets.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>JEL</strong>: G34, M41, J33, G32, C33, G15</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0111/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE INFLUENCE OF STAFF COMPETENCE ON CREDIT RECOVERY IN DEPOSIT-TAKING MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Nyutu Jane Nyambura , Kung’u James N. , Gakobo Thomas W. 
Published: September 2024

<p>The study looked into how staff competencies affect loan recovery at deposit-taking microfinance firms in Nakuru County, Kenya. Microfinance institutions have evolved into self-sustaining financial organizations that provide credit for a fee and profit. Despite efforts to prevent loan defaults, MFIs are experiencing an increase in loan defaults. The study employed two theories: knowledge asymmetry and delegated borrower monitoring. The findings revealed that staff competencies had a substantial impact on credit recovery among MFIs. MFI management should guarantee that the crediting team has enough capacity to detect and prevent bad debt and that adverse debt reports are addressed promptly. Management and staff should inform clients about the repercussions of loan default, as bad debts lead to institutional failure.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL</strong>: G21, O16, D82, G32, M12</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0770/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM IN MOZAMBIQUE
Authors: Gonçalves Gregório Jorge 
Published: September 2024

Becoming a professional English language teacher is a challenge in Mozambique, as it moves beyond a simple teacher training process and acquisition of language tools for teaching. In Mozambique, English language teachers are trained in universities to attain Honour’s Degrees in English language teaching. Indeed, this is happening in all the provinces with less control and intervention of the National Council for Quality Evaluation. Achieving academic levels, obtaining certificates for contracts, and access to employment in the education sector are the main goals for many English language teachers. Thus, this paper is a critical analysis of the English language teacher professionalism in Mozambique, considering English as a foreign language used in several contexts, such as: universities, secondary schools, embassies, public and private institutions. Therefore, professional English language teachers play an essential role in the teaching and learning process and communication through the English language. The National Accreditation and Assessment Council (NAAC) in India and the Commonwealth of Learning in Canada (COL) Document (2007) and review of the professionalism of the English language teachers from Richards’ perspectives (2003, 2011, 2021) constitute the framework for the development of critical analysis of the current English language teacher professionalism in Mozambique. This study's qualitative approach was chosen based on discussions and reviews of several authors who have written about the professionalism of language teachers and English language teachers specifically. Practical examples and current praxis of professionalism are contextualised and brought out for solid suggestions and further improvements on the English language teacher competences and praxis. The discussions found out that a clear benchmarking and English language teacher training framework can help the teacher trainees to perform professionally and competently during and when they start teaching in the schools and become professionals not only in Mozambique but in countries where English is learnt as a foreign language.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0773/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MOTIVATION ON PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS’ PERFORMANCE IN RWANDA - CASE STUDY: BRALIRWA PLC (2017-2020)
Authors: Hodari James 
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of human resource motivation on the performance of private companies in Rwanda, specifically to assess the effectiveness of human resource motivation in Bralirwa PLC, within the period of 2017-2020. The targeted population of 80 staff members. The study used a primary method that involved questionnaires. A secondary method of data collection involved a desk review of relevant materials. Data collection was then analyzed using both Stata and SPSS software. The study indicated that there is a significant correlation between human resource motivation and private institutions in Rwanda. It was seen from analysis of responses, that there a correlation of 0.748(74.8%) is located in the interval [0.50-0.75[categorized as a positive and high correlation. As the significant level is at 0.01 (1%), the p-value of 0.000 (i.e., 0.0%) is less than 1%. This leads to confirm that there is a significant relationship between Human Resource Motivation and the performance of private companies in Bralirwa PLC. The training program is put in place where employees must be trained about their work and jobs in order to carrying out their work easily with a good attitude and confidence. 90% of respondents received training as a motivating factor toward performance. As the majority has been trained, it shows that employees are motivated by that additional ability to work, as they are working in changing environment. As the table above indicates, 21.5% of respondents told us that promotion depends on how the employee is committed to work, 34.3% said that promotion depends on service rendered, 7.1% said that promotion is based on the level of education of employees and 37.1% of respondents said that promotion depends on the employee professional experience. In general, the total asset turnover of Bralirwa PLC has good results in sales in four years in 67.6% in 2017, 73.4% in 2018, 82.7% in 2019 and 78.9 in 2020, in this way, investment in total asset in Bralirwa PLC is efficient. Based on information found from respondents and the questionnaire used during the research period, first hypothesis saying that there is effective human resource motivation in Bralirwa PLC is applied effectively has been verified and confirmed. The study recommends that Bralirwa should enhance human resource mobility to maintain production hence effective performance. They conclude that there is a significant correlation between human resource motivation and private institutions in Rwanda.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0011/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
MANAGEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN VINH LONG CITY, VINH LONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Nhung Duong Cam , Dan Thai Cong 
Published: September 2024

The study with the questionnaires investigated the present status of professional development management at three primary schools in Vinh Long City, Vinh Long Province, in the Mekong Delta region, South Vietnam including Chu Van An, Nguyen Hue, and Le Loi with 140 respondents, including 8 school managers and 132 teachers. This research aimed to survey the current situation of management of professional development (PD) training activities for teachers in primary schools in Vinh Long City, Vinh Long Province and to propose measures to manage professional training activities for teachers. The finding revealed that managing professional training activities for primary teachers needs in Vinh Long City, to ensure that the activities are both scientific and artistic. It needed to be carried out toward set plans and systems, ensuring proper implementation of principles, functions and timely and scientific inspection, evaluation and adjustment. It also requires skillful and flexible application of experience and accumulated knowledge in human-to-human relationships, which helps teachers have full knowledge and professional skills to perform well teaching and education work.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0870/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
UNLOCKING POTENTIAL: THE POWER OF SELF-EFFICACY AND ENGAGEMENT IN ENHANCING JOB PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA’S F&B MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: Kanapathipillai Kumaran , Masngat Najjah Wahidah Binti , Khai Liew Chee , Parajuli Anjila 
Published: September 2024

<p>The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between employees’ self-efficacy components (behavioural, cognitive and motivational engagement) and their job performance in the F&amp;B manufacturing sector in Klang Valley, Malaysia. In this study, researchers explored how cognitive engagement, defined as a worker’s intention to engage in their work, motivational engagement or the drive to exceed their tasks’ requirements and achieve excellence and behavioural engagement, which refers to an employee's positive attitude towards their work, were predicted from self-efficacy. Overall, self-efficacy is an individual’s firm belief that (s)he can succeed in performing a specific task. The quantitative survey method was applied, and the sample included 183 employees who work in the food and beverage manufacturing sector in Klang Valley. The results illustrate that while behavioural engagement has not been proven to have a substantial influence on the job performance of an employee, both cognitive and motivational engagement have greatly impacted job performance with a significant positive relationship. Cognitive engagement can be seen as an individual’s enthusiasm and willingness to put in effort to be able to accomplish any specific task. As such, it has demonstrated a significant relationship with job performance. Motivational engagement, or the desire to outdo specific task requirements and avail high-quality performance, was also significant and had a positive impact on job performance. On the other hand, behavioural engagement, which refers to an employee's positive attitude towards their work, which enhances motivation and performance in organizational activities has revealed an insignificant influence on job performance. Thus, this study has proven the need for any organization to enhance both cognitive and motivational engagement in order to improve the performance of all employees, along with the success of such organizations.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0719/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>