bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography‐Computed Tomography for Predicting Pathologic Response After Induction Therapy for Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Fukumoto Koichi , Fukui Takayuki , Okasaka Toshiki , Kawaguchi Koji , Nakamura Shota , Hakiri Shuhei , Ozeki Naoki , Sugiyama Tomoshi , Kato Katsuhiko , Yokoi Kohei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the role of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) in predicting the effect of induction therapy in patients with thymic epithelial tumors.MethodsFourteen patients with thymic epithelial tumors who underwent PET‐CT before and after induction therapy were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between the change in the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in PET‐CT, the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors and the pathologic response (Ef0, no necrosis of tumor cells; Ef1, some necrosis of tumor cells with more than one‐third of viable tumor cells; Ef2, less than one‐third of tumor cells were viable; and Ef3, no tumor cells were viable) was analyzed.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 5 males and 9 females. Nine of the patients had thymoma, and 5 had thymic carcinoma. The induction therapy included chemotherapy in 9 cases, chemoradiation therapy in 4 cases and radiation therapy in 1 case. Among the 8 patients with a pathologic response of Ef0/1, 5 were clinically evaluated as having stable disease (SD), while 3 were found to have had a partial response (PR). The SUVmax was elevated in 2 cases, unchanged in 1 and decreased in 5. On the other hand, 3 of the 6 patients with a pathologic response of Ef2, 3 were classified as having SD, while the other 3 had a PR. The SUVmax decreased in all of the patients.ConclusionsIn comparison with CT, PET‐CT seems to be useful for predicting the pathologic response to induction therapy in patients with thymic epithelial tumors.
International Variation in Emergency Operation Rates for Acute Diverticulitis: Insights into Healthcare Value
Authors: Hong Michael K. Y. , Skandarajah Anita R. , Higgins Rose D. , Faiz Omar D. , Hayes Ian P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground
International comparison of outcomes of surgical diseases has become a global focus because of widespread concern over surgical quality, rising costs and the value of healthcare. Acute diverticulitis is a common disease potentially amenable to optimization of strategies for operative intervention. The aim was to compare the emergency operative intervention rates for acute diverticulitis in USA, England and Australia.MethodsUnplanned admissions for acute diverticulitis were found from an international administrative dataset between 2008 and 2014 for hospitals in USA, England and Australia. The primary outcome measured was emergency operative intervention rate. Secondary outcomes included inpatient mortality and percutaneous drainage rate. Multivariable analysis was performed after development of a weighted comorbidity scoring system.ResultsThere were 15,150 unplanned admissions for acute diverticulitis. The emergency operative intervention rates were 16, 13 and 10% for USA, England and Australia. The percutaneous drainage rate was highest in USA at 10%, while the mortality rate was highest in England at 2.8%. The propensity for emergency operative intervention was higher in USA (OR 1.45, p < 0.001) and England (OR 1.49, p < 0.001) than in Australia. The risk of 7‐day mortality was higher in England than in Australia (OR 2.79, p < 0.001). Percutaneous drainage was associated with reduced 7‐day mortality risk.ConclusionAustralia has a lower propensity for emergency operative intervention, while England has a greater risk of mortality for acute diverticulitis. International variations raise the issue of healthcare value in terms of differing resource use and outcomes.
Sexual Rehabilitation After Treatment For Prostate Cancer—Part 2: Recommendations From the Fourth International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2015)
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Adaikan Ganesh , Buvat Jacques , Carrier Serge , El-Meliegy Amr , Hatzimouratidis Kostas , McCullough Andrew , Morgentaler Abraham , Torres Luiz Otavio , Khera Mohit 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionSexual dysfunction is common in patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer.AimTo provide the International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM) 2015 recommendations concerning management strategies for post-RP erectile function impairment and to analyze post-RP sexual dysfunction other than erectile dysfunction.MethodsA literature search was performed using Google and PubMed database for English-language original and review articles published up to August 2016.Main Outcome MeasuresLevels of evidence (LEs) and grades of recommendations (GRs) are provided based on a thorough analysis of the literature and committee consensus.ResultsNine recommendations are provided by the ICSM 2015 committee on sexual rehabilitation after RP. Recommendation 6 states that the recovery of postoperative erectile function can take several years (LE = 2, GR = C). Recommendation 7 states there are conflicting data as to whether penile rehabilitation with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors improves recovery of spontaneous erections (LE = 1, GR = A). Recommendation 8 states that the data are inadequate to support any specific regimen as optimal for penile rehabilitation (LE = 3, GR = C). Recommendation 9 states that men undergoing RP (any technique) are at risk of sexual changes other than erectile dysfunction, including decreased libido, changes in orgasm, anejaculation, Peyronie-like disease, and changes in penile size (LE = 2, GR = B).ConclusionThis article discusses Recommendations 6 to 9 of the ICSM 2015 committee on sexual rehabilitation after RP.
Remarks on the large time behaviour of a nonlinear diffusion equation
Authors: Kavian Otared 
Published: March 2017

Consider the diffusion equation

u_t − Δu = |u|^{p − 1}u

(where

p > 1 + \frac{2}{\mathrm{N}}

and

(N − 2) p < N + 2

) on the space

ℝ^N

. We prove that either

\Vert u(t)\Vert_∞

blows-up in finite time or

\Vert u(t)\Vert_∞

goes to zero like

t^{−1/(p − 1)}

as

t → +∞

. We give also a new proof to the fact that when

u(t) ≧ 0

and

1 < p≦1 + \frac{2}{\mathrm{N}}

then

\Vert u(t)\Vert_∞

blows-up in finite time. Sufficient conditions for global existence or blow-up are given, and the case where instead of

ℝ^N

one has a cone like domain is also studied.

Résumé

Nous étudions le comportement en temps des solutions de

u_t − Δu = |u|^{p − 1}u

. Nous montrons que si

p > 1 + \frac{2}{\mathrm{N}}

et

(N − 2) p < N + 2

, ou bien

\Vert u(t)\Vert_∞

explose en temps fini, ou bien

\Vert u(t)\Vert_∞

tend vers zéro comme

t−1/(p − 1)

lorsque

t → ∞

. On donne également une nouvelle démonstration du fait que si

1 < p≦1 + \frac{2}{\mathrm{N}}

et

u(t) ≧ 0

, alors

\Vert u(t)\Vert_∞

explose en temps fini. Des conditions suffisantes pour l’existence globale (ou l’explosion en temps fini) sont présentées, et le cas où

ℝ^N

est remplacé par un cône est également étudié.
Applications bilinéaires compatibles avec un opérateur hyperbolique
Authors: Hanouzet B. , Joly J.-L. 
Published: March 2017

To each pair

(u, v)

of solutions of

\mathscr L u =0

, where

\mathscr L

is an

N × N

hyperbolic system, we can associate the function

q(u,v)(t, x)

,

t \in ℝ

,

x\in ℝ^n

, with

q

a given bilinear form on

ℂ^N × ℂ^N

. The asymptotic behaviour of

q(u, v)(t, .)

when

|t|

grows to infinity allows us to introduce several families of bilinear forms (which we call compatible with the system ) which define a weaker coupling.

Résumé

Étant donnés un système hyperbolique et une forme bilinéaire

q

sur

ℂ^N × ℂ^N

, à tout couple

(u, v)

) de solutions libres du système, on associe la fonction

q(u,v)(t, x)

,

t \in ℝ

,

x\in ℝ^n

. On introduit différentes notions de compatibilité de la forme

q

avec le système différentiel, en liaison avec l’étude du comportement asymptotique, ponctuel ou intégral de

q(u, v)(t, .)

quand

|t|

tend vers l’infini.
Conditions nécessaires et suffisantes d’existence de solutions en calcul des variations
Authors: Raymond J.-P. 
Published: March 2017

We consider the problem of Calculus of Variations in

ℝ

:

\mathscr P(a,b,\alpha,\beta):\operatorname{Inf}\Big\{\ \int_a^b f(t,x(t),x'(+))dt | x\in \mathbf W^{1,q}(a,b),
\ x(a)=\alpha,\ x(b)=\beta\ \Big\},

with

1 < q < ∞

and

f

regular but non convex.

We prove that if

\mathscr P

does not admit a solution, there exist an extremal

γ

of the relaxed problem

\mathscr{PR}

such that the integrand which determine

\mathscr{PR}

is affine in

γ'(t)

and strictly convex in

γ(t)

for all

t

of some interval included in

[a, b]

.

Then, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for to admit at least one solution for every boundary conditions (Theorem 6.11). We next study the genericity of assumptions on

f

(Theorem 7.3).

Résumé

On s’intéresse au problème de Calcul des Variations dans

ℝ

:

\mathscr P(a,b,\alpha,\beta):\operatorname{Inf}\Big\{\ \int_a^b f(t,x(t),x'(+))dt | x\in \mathbf W^{1,q}(a,b),
\ x(a)=\alpha,\ x(b)=\beta\ \Big\},

avec

1 < q < ∞

et

f

régulière mais non convexe.

On démontre que si

\mathscr P

n’admet pas de solution, il existe une extrémale

γ

du problème relaxé

\mathscr{PR}

telle que l’intégrande définissant

\mathscr{PR}

soit affine en

γ'(t)

et strictement convexe en

γ(t)

pour tout

t

appartenant à un intervalle inclus dans

[a, b]

.

On en déduit une condition nécessaire et suffisante sur

f

pour que admette au moins une solution quelles que soient les conditions aux limites (théorème 6.11).

On étudie ensuite la généricité des hypothèses faites sur

f

, (théorème 7.3).
On the existence of stationary solutions to compressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Valli Alberto 
Published: March 2017

We prove the existence of a stationary solution to the Navier–Stokes equations for compressible fluids, under the assumption that the external force field is small in a suitable sense. The proof is based over an existence result for a linearized problem, followed by a fixed point argument.

Résumé
Nous démontrons l’existence d’une solution stationnaire pour les équations de Navier-Stokes dans le cas de fluides compressibles, en supposant que le champ de force extérieur est petit en un sens convenable. La démonstration repose sur un résultat d’existence pour un problème linéarisé combiné avec un argument de point fixé.
ON TOPOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FINITE CYCLIC ACTIONS ON BORDERED SURFACES
Authors: GROMADZKI GRZEGORZ , HIROSE SUSUMU , SZEPIETOWSKI BŁAŻEJ 
Published: March 2017

In Hirose (Tohoku Math. J. 62 (2010), 45–53), Susumu Hirose showed that, except for a few cases, the order $N$ of a cyclic group of self-homeomorphisms of a closed orientable topological surface $S_{g}$ of genus $g\geqslant 2$ determines the group up to a topological conjugation, provided that $N\geqslant 3g$. Gromadzki et al. undertook in Bagiński et al. (Collect. Math. 67 (2016), 415–429) a more general problem of topological classification of such group actions for $N>2(g-1)$. In Gromadzki and Szepietowski (Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat. Ser. A Mat. RACSAM 110 (2016), 303–320), we considered the analogous problem for closed nonorientable surfaces, and in Gromadzki et al. (Pure Appl. Algebra 220 (2016), 465–481) – the problem of classification of cyclic actions generated by an orientation-reversing self-homeomorphism. The present paper, in which we deal with topological classification of actions on bordered surfaces of finite cyclic groups of order $N>p-1$, where $p$ is the algebraic genus of the surface, completes our project of topological classification of ‘‘large” cyclic actions on compact surfaces. We apply obtained results to solve the problem of uniqueness of the actions realizing the solutions of the so-called minimum genus and maximum order problems for bordered surfaces found in Bujalance et al. (Automorphisms Groups of Compact Bordered Klein Surfaces: A Combinatorial Approach, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1439, Springer, 1990).
An updated look at the uneven distribution of cryptic diversity among parasitic helminths
Authors: Pérez-Ponce de León G. , Poulin R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCryptic parasite diversity is a major issue for taxonomy and systematics, and for attempts to control diseases of humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Here, we re-examine an earlier report that, after correcting for sampling effort, more cryptic species of trematodes are found per published study than for other helminth taxa. We performed a meta-analysis of 110 studies that used DNA sequences to search for cryptic species in parasitic helminth taxa. After correcting for study effort and accounting for the biogeographical region of origins, we found that more cryptic species tend to be uncovered among trematodes, and fewer among cestodes and animal-parasitic nematodes, than in other helminth groups. However, this pattern was only apparent when we included only studies using nuclear markers in the analysis; it was not seen in a separate analysis based only on mitochondrial markers. We propose that the greater occurrence of cryptic diversity among trematodes may be due to some of their unique features, such as their mode of reproduction or frequent lack of hard morphological structures, or to the way in which trematode species are described. Whatever the reason, the high frequency of cryptic species among trematodes has huge implications for estimates of parasite diversity and for future taxonomic research.
Woodland in Roman Britain: Some Hypotheses
Authors: Wrathmell Stuart 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe recently published ‘Fields of Britannia’ project has lent a measure of support to the idea that the patterning of woodland and open land evident in the Anglo-Saxon period may in part have persisted since Roman times, if not before. This article explores the potential value of these woodland and open land contrasts in explaining the locations and distribution of a variety of Roman cultural material: coins, military installations and early road alignments.
Electron acceleration by ponderomotive force in magnetized quantum plasma
Authors: Singh A.K. , Chandra S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe possibilities of electron acceleration by ponderomotive force of a circularly polarized laser pulse in magnetized quantum plasma have been explored. The basic mechanism involves acceleration of electron by the axial gradient in the ponderomotive potential of the laser. The quantum effects have been taken into account for a high-density plasma. The ponderomotive force of the laser is resonantly enhanced when Doppler up-shifted laser frequency equals the cyclotron frequency.
Can Quantitative Methods Complement Doctrinal Legal Studies? Using Citation Network and Corpus Linguistic Analysis to Understand International Courts
Authors: ŠADL URŠKA , OLSEN HENRIK PALMER 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA recent editorial in this journal stressed the need to rearticulate the methodology – and thereby the distinctiveness – of international law in the context of blurring disciplinary lines between international law and international relations. The aim of this article is to contribute to the methodological aspect of the debate. First, the article outlines a legal empirical approach, which complements legal methodology of international law with empirical tools and techniques such as citation network analysis and corpus linguistics. Second, the article applies the approach on the case law of two European courts: the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). It demonstrates how the study of case citations and the language of courts enhance the validity, reliability, and transparency of the established legal method. In particular, scholars of international law gain a stable and complete quantitative basis for a further in-depth study of case law, precedent and interpretation. Additional benefit stems from a set of transparent criteria by which to criticize the jurisprudence of international courts. Firmer ground emerges from which to evaluate the courts’ role in the political process, their societal impact and their legitimacy. At the same time the approach preserves the main features of the distinct legal methodology of international law – especially its attention to legal detail.
Democracy and International Investment Law
Authors: COTULA LORENZO 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe expanding reach of international investment law and the negotiation of major economic treaties between democratic polities have prompted new debates about the relationship between democracy and the international investment regime. This article develops an analytical framework for understanding that relationship. It first unpacks the concept of democracy, exploring the ‘rules-based’ and ‘action-based’ conceptions that emerge from political theory and their relevance to international investment law. It then examines three themes that frame the relationship between democracy and international investment law: the interface between the investment regime and national democratic space; the place of democratic processes in investment treaty making; and public participation in the settlement of investment disputes. The interplay between rules- and action-based dimensions provides a common thread across the three themes. The article concludes that there is a gap between formal rules and citizen action in promoting democratic oversight, and significant scope to develop more effective mechanisms to install democratic governance in the creation and implementation of international investment law.
Characterisation of invasive clinicalHaemophilus influenzaeisolates in Queensland, Australia using whole-genome sequencing
Authors: STAPLES M. , GRAHAM R. M. A. , JENNISON A. V. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYHaemophilus influenzaeis an important aetiological organism of both adult and child respiratory disease. The number of non-typeable (NTHi) invasiveH. influenzaeisolates referred to the Queensland (QLD) Public Health Microbiology laboratory has increased notably year-by-year. In this study we used whole-genome sequencing to molecularly characterise 100 referred invasiveH. influenzae, including 74 NTHi isolates over a 15-year period, observing the carriage of capsular and putative virulence genes, including the major adhesins, antimicrobial resistance genes and population diversity. Encapsulated isolates were largely clonal, however NTHi isolates displayed high genetic variability by MLST and single nucleotide polymorphism typing with no dominant clone observed. The only mechanism forβ-lactam resistance identified in the QLD isolates wasβ-lactamase production. No single set of virulence determinants was conclusively associated with invasive QLD NTHi isolates.
Aortic arch advancement for type A interrupted aortic arch with persistent fifth aortic arch type B
Authors: Binsalamah Ziyad M. , Chen Peter , McKenzie Emmett D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPersistence of the fifth aortic arch is a very rare anomaly, but is clinically relevant when it is associated with coarctation. We report a case of a neonate with type A interrupted aortic arch and severe coarctation of a persistent fifth aortic arch, which was discovered after repair of a left congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The combination of anomalies was discovered intra-operatively following left thoracotomy, and was treated with aortic arch advancement. The postoperative course was uneventful.
Transposition with atypical coronary pattern: the Aubert technique
Authors: Pita-Fernández Ana , González-López María T. , Gil-Jaurena Juan M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe arterial switch operation is currently the gold standard technique for repair of transposition of the great arteries. Some atypical coronary patterns such as intramural, interarterial, and a unique posterior button are associated with more complexity and surgical risk. We report a successful Aubert operation for transposition of the great arteries associated with a single and interarterial coronary artery arising from a posterior sinus.
Variations in dementia diagnosis in England and association with general practice characteristics
Authors: Walker Ian F. , Lord Paul A. , Farragher Tracey M. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives
Improving dementia diagnosis rates in England has been a key strategic aim of the UK Government but the variation and low diagnosis rates are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the variation in actual versus expected diagnosis of dementia across England, and how these variations were associated with general practice characteristics.

Method
A cross-sectional, ecological study design using secondary data sources and median regression modelling was used. Data from the year 2011 for 7711 of the GP practices in England (92.7%). Associations of dementia diagnosis rates (%) per practice, calculated using National Health Service England’s ‘Dementia Prevalence Calculator’ and various practice characteristics were explored using a regression model.

Results
The median dementia diagnosis rate was 41.6% and the interquartile range was 31.2–53.9%. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated positive associations between dementia diagnosis rates and deprivation of the population, overall Quality and Outcomes Framework performance, type of primary care contract and size of practice list. Negative associations were found between dementia diagnosis rates and average experience of GPs in the practice and the proportion of the practice caseload over 65 years old.

Conclusion
Dementia diagnosis rates vary greatly across GP practices in England. This study has found independent associations between dementia diagnosis rates and a number of patient and practice characteristics. Consideration of these factors locally may provide targets for case-finding interventions and so facilitate timely diagnosis.
Rapid self-assembly of complex biomolecular architectures during mussel byssus biofabrication
Authors: Priemel Tobias , Degtyar Elena , Dean Mason N. , Harrington Matthew J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractProtein-based biogenic materials provide important inspiration for the development of high-performance polymers. The fibrous mussel byssus, for instance, exhibits exceptional wet adhesion, abrasion resistance, toughness and self-healing capacity–properties that arise from an intricate hierarchical organization formed in minutes from a fluid secretion of over 10 different protein precursors. However, a poor understanding of this dynamic biofabrication process has hindered effective translation of byssus design principles into synthetic materials. Here, we explore mussel byssus assembly in Mytilus edulis using a synergistic combination of histological staining and confocal Raman microspectroscopy, enabling in situ tracking of specific proteins during induced thread formation from soluble precursors to solid fibres. Our findings reveal critical insights into this complex biological manufacturing process, showing that protein precursors spontaneously self-assemble into complex architectures, while maturation proceeds in subsequent regulated steps. Beyond their biological importance, these findings may guide development of advanced materials with biomedical and industrial relevance.