bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gully Erosion Rates and Analysis of Determining Factors: A Case Study from the Semi‐arid Main Ethiopian Rift Valley
Authors: Mukai Shiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe assessment of temporal interactions between environmental change (land use, vegetation cover) and gully erosion is one of the important challenges in gully erosion research. In this study, the combination of photogrammetric techniques using small‐scale aerial photographs and analysis based on volume–length relationships was used to: (i) estimate the erosion rate of gully networks in the semi‐arid main Ethiopian Rift Valley and (ii) determine variables that significantly influence the gully erosion rate at three periods (1957, 1972 and 2005) and establish their correlation with the volume of the gully networks in each period. The area‐specific gully erosion rate (gully erosion rate per unit area) from 1957 to 2005 of the gully networks in 12 study catchments was 16·2 Mg ha−1 y−1, a finding in accord with results from other case studies in the East African highlands. Over the three periods of 1957, 1972 and 2005, it was found that: (i) catchment topography and gully morphological variables strongly correlate with the total volume of gully networks; (ii) rainfall, soil texture and slope gradient variables strongly correlate with both the area‐specific volume of the gully networks and drainage density; and (iii) land use/cover in each period plays a minor role in controlling the total volume and the area‐specific volume of the gully networks and drainage density, but when the land use/cover is expressed in temporal variables, it strongly correlates with the rates of gully erosion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward Truly Water‐Soluble Rodlike Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis of Poly(para‐phenylenes) Wrapped in Ethylene Oxideand Amino Side Groups
Authors: Wittmeyer Patrick , Traser Steffen , Sander Regina , Sondergeld Katrin B. , Ungefug Alexander , Weiss Richard , Rehahn Matthias 
Published: April 2016

Suzuki and Yamamoto cross‐coupling protocols are applied to synthesize water‐soluble poly(p‐phenylene) (PPP) derivatives decorated with oligoethylene oxide (OEO) and tertiary amino side groups. It is shown that constitutionally well‐defined PPPs can be obtained having degrees of polycondensation, P
n, of 30–60. In some cases, however the heteroatoms in the side chains affect the monomer synthesis and prevent proper chain growth through coordination of metal species present in the reaction medium. It is shown that essentially uncharged but still water‐soluble PPPs result if (i) the side groups bear their heteroatoms in the right position, and (ii) if the water‐soluble segments of the lateral substituents prevent intermolecular hydrophobic interactions of the apolar main chains reliably. In other words, the lateral substituents have to wrap the PPP core structure tightly in a closed outer shell of water‐soluble OEO moieties. These PPPs constitute a valuable new pool of model systems for future polyelectrolyte research, being highly complementary to what has been available so far.
image
Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori‐induced STAT3 phosphorylation through activation of PPARγ
Authors: Ji Hyeon‐Geun , Piao Juan‐Yu , Kim Su‐Jung , Kim Do‐Hee , Lee Ha‐Na , Na Hye‐Kyung , Surh Young‐Joon 
Published: April 2016

ScopeThe health beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been attributed to its anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the molecular mechanism underlying anti‐inflammatory effects of DHA remains largely elusive.Methods and resultsIn the present study, DHA was found to suppress the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in human gastric cancer AGS cells. Notably, DHA induced expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a negative regulator of STAT3. Knockdown of SOCS3 abolished the suppressive effect of DHA on STAT3Tyr705 phosphorylation induced by H. pylori infection. DHA also induced nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activities of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in AGS cells. Knockdown of PPARγ inhibited the transcription of SOCS3 and attenuated the suppressive effect of DHA on phosphorylation of STAT3Tyr705 induced by H. pylori. The PPARγ antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether also mitigated the suppressive effect of DHA on H. pylori‐induced phosphorylation of STAT3Tyr705. In addition, DHA inhibited the expression of c‐Myc, which was attenuated in the AGS cells harboring SOCS3 specific siRNA. DHA also markedly decreased anchorage‐independent growth of AGS cells infected by H. pylori.ConclusionDHA inhibits H. pylori‐induced STAT3 phosphorylation in a PPARγ/SOCS3‐dependent manner.
A rigorous semi‐analytical solution for undrained cylindrical cavity expansion in critical state soils
Authors: Vrakas Apostolos 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a generalized, rigorous and simple large strain solution for the undrained expansion of a vertical cylindrical cavity in critical state soils using a rate‐based plasticity formulation: the initial stress field is taken as anisotropic, that is with horizontal stresses that differ from the vertical stress, and the soil is assumed to satisfy any two‐invariant constitutive model from the critical state (Cam‐clay) family; no simplifying assumption is made during the mathematical derivation; calculating the effective stresses around the cavity requires the solution of a nonlinear equation by means of the Newton–Raphson method in combination with quadrature. Cavity expansion curves and stress distributions in the soil are then presented for different critical state models (including the modified Cam‐clay model). The solution derived can be useful for estimating the instantaneous response of saturated low‐permeability soils around piles and self‐boring pressuremeters and can serve as trustworthy benchmark for numerical analysis codes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A constitutive model for mechanical and chemo‐mechanical compaction in sedimentary basins and finite element analysis
Authors: Brüch A. , Maghous S. , Ribeiro F.L.B. , Dormieux L. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryCompaction and associated fluid flow are fundamental processes in sedimentary basin deformation. Purely mechanical compaction originates mainly from pore fluid expulsion and rearrangement of solid particles during burial, while chemo‐mechanical compaction results from Intergranular Pressure‐Solution (IPS) and represents a major mechanism of deformation in sedimentary basins during diagenesis. The aim of the present contribution is to provide a comprehensive 3D framework for constitutive and numerical modeling of purely mechanical and chemo‐mechanical compaction in sedimentary basins. Extending the concepts that have been previously proposed for the modeling of purely mechanical compaction in finite poroplasticity, deformation by IPS is addressed herein by means of additional viscoplastic terms in the state equations of the porous material. The finite element model integrates the poroplastic and poroviscoplastic components of deformation at large strains. The corresponding implementation allows for numerical simulation of sediments accretion/erosion periods by progressive activation/deactivation of the gravity forces within a fictitious closed material system. Validation of the numerical approach is assessed by means of comparison with closed‐form solutions derived in the context of a simplified compaction model. The last part of the paper presents the results of numerical basin simulation performed in one dimensional setting, demonstrating the ability of the modeling to capture the main features in elastoplastic and viscoplastic compaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The acidic domain is a unique structural feature of the splicing factor SYNCRIP
Authors: Beuck Christine , Williamson James R. , Wüthrich Kurt , Serrano Pedro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe splicing factor SYNCRIP (hnRNP Q) is involved in viral replication, neural morphogenesis, modulation of circadian oscillation, and the regulation of the cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It consists of three globular RNA‐recognition motifs (RRM) domains flanked by an N‐terminal acid‐rich acidic sequence segment domain (AcD12–97) and a C‐terminal domain containing an arginine–glycine‐rich sequence motif (RGG/RXG box), which are located near to the N‐ and C‐terminals, respectively. The acid‐rich sequence segment is unique to SYNCRIP and the closely related protein hnRNP R, and is involved in interactions with APOBEC1. Here, we show that while AcD12–97 does not form a globular domain, structure‐based annotation identified a self‐folding globular domain with an all α‐helix architecture, AcD24–107. The NMR structure of AcD24−107 is fundamentally different from previously reported AcD molecular models. In addition to negatively charged surface areas, it contains a large hydrophobic cavity and a positively charged surface area as potential epitopes for intermolecular interactions.
Crystal structure of the drug‐resistant S31N influenza M2 proton channel
Authors: Thomaston Jessica L. , DeGrado William F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe M2 protein is a small proton channel found in the influenza A virus that is necessary for viral replication. The M2 channel is the target of a class of drugs called the adamantanes, which block the channel pore and prevent the virus from replicating. In recent decades mutations have arisen in M2 that prevent the adamantanes from binding to the channel pore, with the most prevalent of these mutations being S31N. Here we report the first crystal structure of the S31N mutant crystallized using lipidic cubic phase crystallization techniques and solved to 1.59 Å resolution. The Asn31 residues point directly into the center of the channel pore and form a hydrogen‐bonded network that disrupts the drug‐binding site. Ordered waters in the channel pore form a continuous hydrogen bonding network from Gly34 to His37.
Nontraditional Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korean Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Lee Jongyoung , Song Yeoungsuk , Lindquist Ruth , Yoo Youngsook , Park Eunkyung , Lim Seojin , Chung Younghae , Mathiason Michelle A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
This pilot investigation sought to compare outcomes including depression, anxiety, stress, mindful awareness, and exercise capacity between exercise-focused cardiac rehabilitation (ECR) and meditation-focused cardiac rehabilitation (MCR) programs for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who had percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Design:
A nonrandomized pretest–posttest design was employed.

Methods:
Two different interventions (ECR vs. MCR) were implemented with participants of each group for 12 weeks. Questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, stress, and mindful awareness and measures of peak VO2 were completed before and after the 12-week interventions.

Findings:
Thirteen patients completed the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs. Meditation-focused cardiac rehabilitation was associated with significantly greater reductions in depression as compared to ECR; there were no significant differences between the two groups on other outcomes.

Conclusions:
The MCR program has similar effects to improve the physical and psychological outcomes, compared with the ECR program.

Clinical Relevance:
There is potential for patients with CAD to participate in and benefit from nontraditional CR programs, and such CR could play a role in secondary prevention of CAD.
Effectiveness of Mirror Therapy for Subacute Stroke in Relation to Chosen Factors
Authors: Radajewska Alina , Opara Józef , Biliński Grzegorz , Kaczorowska Antonina , Nawrat-Szołtysik Agnieszka , Kucińska Aleksandra , Lepsy Ewelina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mirror therapy (MT) combined with comprehensive treatment and to investigate the possible relationships of functional state.

Design:
Prospective, controlled trial of 60 stroke inpatients.

Methods:
The Functional Index “Repty” (FIR) was an outcome measure to assess changes of independence in daily activities. The Frenchay Arm Test (FAT) and Motor Status Score were outcome measures to assess changes in hand function.

Findings:
The analysis of pre- and posttest data indicated a significant improvement in hand function (∆FAT in the Mirror group p = .035, N = 30). Age factor indicated a significant change in relation to FIR outcome (∆FIR in the Mirror group p = .005, N = 30 and ∆FIR in the Mirror group [left hand paresis] p = .037, N = 15).

Conclusions:
Additional MT influenced improvement in hand function. The age is significant in terms of functional state. The older adults are likely to benefit from MT.

Clinical Relevance:
A positive impact of combining MT with other treatment was indicated.
Extracting fuzzy attack patterns using an online fuzzy adaptive alert correlation framework
Authors: Faraji Daneshgar Fatemeh , Abbaspour Maghsoud 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe tremendous numbers of alerts provided by intrusion detection systems have made the alert correlation a vital issue. Despite of the considerable number of proposed methods, the online alert correlation is still an open issue. In this paper we proposed an online model for alert correlation. Our model consists of two modules: (1) the online fuzzy clustering module which clusters alerts into fuzzy events based on their similarity and historical relevance; (2) the fuzzy inter event pattern mining which provides the first module with the historical relevance of alerts by mining frequent fuzzy patterns among them. Using these two modules, our approach is as fast as similarity based approaches suitable for online alert correlation while it is able to extract complex attack scenarios like offline time consuming data mining based approaches. Furthermore, observing the frequent events makes our approach capable of detecting scenarios including wrapping tricks which tries to fake the source or destination IPs. The experimental results with the well‐known dataset DARPA2000 and the ISCX UNB intrusion detection evaluation dataset proved mentioned claims. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sorption Behavior and Magnetic Properties of A Heterometallic Organic Framework with Octahedral Cages and One‐Dimensional Channels
Authors: Li Qipeng , Shen Yanqiong , Qian Jinjie 
Published: April 2016

Abstract The ZnII‐CoII organic framework [Me2NH2][Zn2Co(μ3‐OH)(BTC)2(H2O)]·2H2O (FJI‐6) (H3BTC = 1, 3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid and DMA = N.N′‐dimethyl acetamide), was synthesized and structurally characterized. FJI‐6 shows a three‐dimensional heterometallic microporous framework with coexisting octahedral cages and one‐dimensional channels assembled by Zn2Co(μ3‐OH)(CO2)6 secondary building units. In addition, the sorption behavior and magnetic properties of FJI‐6 were investigated.
Retrorectal Tumors: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Baek Seong Kyu , Hwang Grace Soon , Vinci Alessio , Jafari Mehraneh D. , Jafari Fariba , Moghadamyeghaneh Zhobin , Pigazzi Alessio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractImportanceRetrorectal tumors are rare lesions that comprise a multitude of histologic types. Reports are limited to small single‐institution case series, and recommendations on the ideal surgical approaches are lacking.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to provide a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, pathologic subtypes, surgical approaches, and clinical outcomes of retrorectal tumors.Evidence ReviewWe conducted a review of the literature using PubMed and searched the reference lists of published studies.ResultsA total of 341 studies comprising 1708 patients were included. Overall, 68 % of patients were female. The mean age was 44.6 ± 13.7 years. Of all patients, 1194 (70 %) had benign lesions, and 514 patients (30 %) had malignant tumors. Congenital tumors (60.5 %) were the most frequent histologic type. Other pathologic types were neurogenic tumors (14.8 %), osseous tumors (3.1 %), inflammatory tumors (2.6 %), and miscellaneous tumors (19.1 %). Biopsy was performed in 27 % of the patients. Of these patients, incorrect diagnoses occurred in 44 %. An anterior surgical approach (AA) was performed in 299 patients (35 %); a posterior approach (PA) was performed in 443 (52 %), and a combined approach (CA) was performed in 119 patients (14 %). The mean length of stay (LOS) of PA was 7 ± 5 days compared to 8 ± 7 days for AA and 11 ± 7 days for CA (p < 0.05). The overall morbidity rate was 13.2 %: 19.3 % associated with anterior approach, 7.2 % associated with posterior approach, and 24.7 % after a combined approach (p < 0.05). Overall postoperative recurrence rate was 21.6 %; 6.7 % after an anterior approach, 26.6 % after a posterior approach, and 28.6 % after a combined approach (p < 0.05). A minimally invasive approach (MIS) was employed in 83 patients. MIS provided shorter hospital stays than open surgery (4 ± 2 vs. 9 ± 7 days; p < 0.05). Differences in complication rate were 19.8 % in MIS and 12.2 % in open surgery and not statistically significant.Conclusions and RelevanceRetrorectal tumors are most commonly benign in etiology, of a congenital nature, and have a female predominance. Complete surgical resection is the cornerstone of retrorectal tumor management. A minimal access surgery approach, when feasible, appears to be a safe option for the management of retrorectal tumors, with shorter operative time and length of stay.
Pinolenic Acid Downregulates Lipid Anabolic Pathway in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Lee Ah Ron , Han Sung Nim 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPine nut oil (PNO) was reported to reduce lipid accumulation in the liver. However, the specific effect of pinolenic acid (18:3, all‐cis‐Δ5,9,12), a unique component of PNO, on lipid metabolism has not been studied. We hypothesized that pinolenic acid downregulates the lipid anabolic pathway in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were incubated in serum‐free medium supplemented with 50 μM bovine serum albumin (BSA), palmitic acid, oleic acid, γ‐linolenic acid, pinolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or α‐linolenic acid for 24 h. Lipid accumulation was determined by Oil Red O (ORO) staining. The mRNA levels of genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis (SREBP1c, FAS, SCD1, and ACC1), fatty acid oxidation (ACC2, PPARα, CPT1A, and ACADL), cholesterol synthesis (SREBP2 and HMGCR), and lipoprotein uptake (LDLr) and of genes that may be involved in the downregulation of the lipogenic pathway (ACSL3, ACSL4, and ACSL5) were determined by qPCR. LDLR protein levels were measured by Western blot analysis. The mRNA levels of SREBP1c, FAS, and SCD1 were significantly downregulated by pinolenic acid treatment compared to BSA control (53, 54, and 38 % lower, respectively). In addition, the mRNA levels of HMGCR, ACSL3, and LDLr were significantly lower (30, 30, and 43 % lower, respectively), and ACSL4 tended to be lower in the pinolenic acid group (20 % lower, P = 0.082) relative to the control group. In conclusion, pinolenic acid downregulated the lipid anabolic pathway in HepG2 cells by reducing expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, lipoprotein uptake, and the regulation of the lipogenic pathway.
Peripheral eosinophilia in children with transient synovitis of the hip: 7-year experience from a single centre in New Zealand
Authors: Alamri Yassar , Cockfield Allen 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Hip pain with limping is a common presentation in childhood. The most common diagnosis in young children is transient synovitis of the hip (TSH), a benign and self-limiting condition. In our clinical practice, we observed eosinophilia in children presenting with irritable hip more commonly than would otherwise be expected. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of eosinophilia in children with TSH, and to evaluate the clinical outcomes of this sub-group of patients. Methods This study retrospectively examined the data of all paediatric patients admitted to Christchurch Public Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand. TSH cases were compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Results A total of 103 patients were included. Compared with controls, TSH patients had significantly higher eosinophil counts (303 ± 236 vs. 380 ± 337 cells/μL, respectively, p = 0.049). Fourteen patients (15.6 %) had eosinophilia, with a mean eosinophil count of 986 (±321) cells/µL. Children who had eosinophilia did not differ from the rest of the sample in their age (mean 4.6 vs. 4.4 years, p = 0.74) or ethnicity (85.7 vs. 85.5 % European, p = 0.99). Eosinophilic children were not more likely to be atopic (i.e. have history of allergic rhinitis, asthma and/or eczema) than non-eosinophilic children (21.4 vs. 10.5 %, p = 0.37). There was a shorter hospital stay in eosinophilic children (mean 16.3 ± 6 h) than in non-eosinophilic children (mean 21.5 ± 18.8 h), although this was not statistically significant ( p = 0.058). Conclusions To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the relationship between TSH and eosinophilia. We found a sizeable minority (15.6 %) of children with TSH to have eosinophilia. While the difference in hospital stay was not statistically significant, a correlation between peripheral eosinophilia and length of hospital stay of TSH patients is possible. Whether this correlation is clinically meaningful remains to be answered. Level of evidence Retrospective prognostic study; level II.
Minimal flow perturbations that trigger kinematic dynamo in shear flows
Authors: Herreman W. 
Published: April 2016

Parallel shear flows cannot be kinematic dynamos on their own (Zel’dovich, Sov. Phys. JETP, vol. 4, 1957, pp. 460–462), but the addition of small flow perturbations can trigger dynamo action. Using an optimization algorithm inspired by Willis (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 109 (25), 2012, 251101) and Chen et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 783, 2015, pp. 23–45), we identify the smallest perturbation that when added to Kolmogorov flow can trigger dynamo action at some fixed value of the magnetic Reynolds number. In this way we numerically measure the fragility of the Zel’dovich anti-dynamo theorem. The minimal perturbations have surprisingly simple spatial structures. Their magnitudes vary inversely proportional to the magnetic Reynolds number and are always much larger than theoretical lower bounds calculated here using the methods of Proctor (Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., vol. 98 (3), 2004, pp. 235–240; J. Fluid Mech., vol. 697, 2012, pp. 504–510).