bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors of injuries in Brazilian elite handball players: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Giroto N. , Hespanhol Junior L. C. , Gomes M. R. C. , Lopes A. D. 
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for handball injuries in Brazilian elite handball players. Overall, 339 athletes from 21 handball teams who participated in the two main Brazilian championships were followed up during a season. In total, 312 injuries were reported by 201 athletes. The injury incidence rate during training was 3.7/1000 h, and during matches was 20.3/1000 matches. Ankle (19.4%, n = 46) and knee (13.5%, n = 32) were the body regions most affected by traumatic injuries. Shoulders (44.0%, n = 33) and knee (26.7%, n = 20) were the body regions most affected by overuse injuries. Muscle injuries (27.1%, n = 68) was the traumatic injury type most reported. Tendinopathy (91.8%, n = 56) was the overuse injury type most observed. Previous injury (OR: 2.42, CI 95%: 1.51–3.89) and an additional match per week (OR: 1.31, CI 95%: 1.05–1.62) were associated with a higher risk of overuse injury. Female athletes (OR: 1.56, CI 95%: 1.08–2.25) and an additional hour of training per week (OR: 1.09, CI 95%: 1.02–1.15) were associated with a higher risk of traumatic injury. This study showed that athletes with previous injury have shown a high risk of developing an overuse injury.
Excessive quantities of red blood cells are issued to the operating room
Authors: Collins R. A. , Wisniewski M. K. , Waters J. H. , Triulzi D. J. , Alarcon L. H. , Yazer M. H. 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYObjectivesTo determine what percentage of red blood cell (RBC) units that were issued to the operating room (OR) were returned unused, and to determine how often all of the RBCs that were issued for a patient were returned unused using the institution's maximum surgical blood ordering schedule (MSBOS) as a guide.BackgroundThe MSBOS provides guidelines for blood ordering, but is merely a suggestion for the ordering clinicians. This study examined how closely ordering practices followed the MSBOS, and how often ordered RBCs were actually transfused.MethodsFor a 4‐week period, RBC issue and utilization data were collected on elective surgery patients who were eligible for electronic cross‐match at a tertiary care hospital. These data were compared to the MSBOS.ResultsThere were 1350 surgical procedures performed. Of these cases, 439 patients had a type and screen (T&S) performed, and 215/439 (49%) patients had at least 1 RBC issued during their case. To these 215 patients, 742 RBC units were issued and 537/742 (72%) of these units were returned to the blood bank unused. In 152/215 (71%) cases with issued RBCs, all of the RBCs were returned to the blood bank unused. Amongst the surgical categories in this study, the percentage of cases where none of the issued RBCs were transfused ranged from 38 to 93%.ConclusionsSignificant numbers of RBC units are issued but not transfused during surgery. Involving the surgical team in the blood issuing process and using a data‐driven MSBOS may reduce the number of unused units.
NUMERICAL ANALYSES OF LEAF AND FRUIT EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY IN Moringa oleifera LAM
Authors: Andrawus Zhigila Daniel , Mohammed Sulaiman , Ayodele Oladele Felix , B. J. Sawa Fatima 
Published: December 2015

The wide range of uses of Moringa oleifera in recent time has witnessed increasing demand of its foliar and seed products in nutritional, medical and ecological applications. The upsurge of demand for these products needs to be balanced with new varieties of improved performance to meet the supply chain. To achieve this, morphological diversity assessment is prerequisite for future crop improvement programme. Therefore, numerical analyses of the external morphology of leaf and fruit of thirty accessions of Moringa oleifera were assessed. The study was carried out on both qualitative and quantitative characters to assess the diversity at morphological level to establish the phenetic relationships and the delimitation of accessions. Relationship studies showed considerable correlation between the leaf and fruits characters that produced clear and reproducible threats and were selected for diversity study. Numerical analysis of the qualitative and quantitative characters clustered the accessions into five groups – operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 were clustered in group one; OTUs 6 and 8 were clustered in group two and three respectively; OTUs 15 and 16 in group four and OUT 23 in group five cluster membership. Principal Component Analysis was carried out to augment the Cluster Analysis which showed large morphological diversity existing in accessions of Moringa oleifera hence, infraspecific classification is hereby proposed. These analysis particularly traits related to leaf and fruits yield can also be utilised for crop improvement programme.
IDENTIFYING CREATIVITY ENGAGEMENT AMONG NIGERIAN CHILDREN: IMPLICATION FOR ENHANCING A SUSTAINABLE TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME
Authors: O. Oke Jonathan , Musta’amal Aede Hatib , Muhammad Inti Muhammad 
Published: December 2015

Creativity is a natural skill often exhibited by children at home and in schools, especially during play. Children are often seen playing with drawings and moulding of objects. Hence, if care is taken to encourage and develop children’s creativity, it may enhance a sustainable development in Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programme. The aim of this study therefore was to determine the level of engagement of Nigerian children in creativity practice. The study was carried out using 400 (232 boys and 168 girls) Junior Secondary School students of age eleven to thirteen as sample. Specifically, the study sought to find out whether or not the children do undertake creative activities at home and the domains in which their creative activities are based upon. A Child-Creative Inventory Form (CCIF) was used as an instrument for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using both percentages and Chi-Square. The findings of the study revealed that Nigerian children love to engage in creative activities mostly in the domain of technical and vocational skills such as: building technology, woodwork, mechanical technology, and electrical electronics. The study revealed that 87.07% of the boys were engaged in creativity while that of girls was 73.81.5%; 7.76.% of the boys were not engaged in creativity while that of girls was 20.8%. 24.57% of the boys were not sure of their involvement while that of girls was 5.36%. In all, the study found a significant difference in the level of engagement of boys and girls in creativity with P< 0.05 level of Significance. It was therefore recommended that children who are creative in the domains of technology could be assisted to develop their career in these domains as this would be a means to sustain the TVET programme in the nation.
A REVIEW OF HOUSING PROVISION AND THE CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE HOUSING DELIVERY IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY ABUJA, NIGERIA
Authors: Muhammad Zayyanu , Johar Foziah , Sabri Soheil , Utange Jonathan Zungwenen 
Published: December 2015

Housing, despite being one of the essential elements in the sustainability of human existence, remains a challenge particularly in the global south. Nigeria, the most populous country in west Africa has a gross housing deficit of seventeen million houses. This deficit keeps increasing due to high rate of urbanization and population growth thereby resulting in high rent, overcrowding and poor living conditions. Numerous research studies predominantly focused on investigating the challenges of housing delivery on the basis of quantity and quality perspectives. However, there is a dearth of evidence-based studies regarding the challenges militating against sustainable housing provision. This paper attempts to fill this gap by presenting an overview of the housing provision and the challenges militating against sustainable housing provision in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. The article indicated that despite concerted efforts involving the adoption of both public sector “provider” and “enabler” approaches, challenges still exit towards sustainable housing delivery particularly to the low-income group. The paper recommends that housing policies and programs in the country should be designed to address the multi benefit objectives of social, economic and environmental dimensions of housing so as to achieve sustainable housing delivery in the country.
The differential effects of low birth weight and Western diet consumption upon early life hepatic fibrosis development in guinea pig
Authors: Sarr Ousseynou , Blake Alexandra , Thompson Jennifer A. , Zhao Lin , Rabicki Katherine , Walsh Joanna C. , Welch Ian , Regnault Timothy R. H. 
Published: December 2015

Key points
Postnatal intake of a high saturated fat/high sugar diet, the Western diet (WD), is a risk factor for liver fibrosis. Recently, adverse in utero conditions resulting in low birth weight (LBW) have also been associated with postnatal fibrosis development.
We demonstrate that suboptimal in utero conditions resulting in LBW are associated with changes in hepatic profibrotic genes in conjunction with minimal liver fibrosis in young non‐overweight adult guinea pigs.
Our results also indicate that WD promotes liver steatosis, enhanced expression of hepatic genes and proteins of the proinflammatory, profibrotic, cell death and collagen deposition pathways in conjunction with mild hepatic fibrosis.
Our data highlight that pathways responsible for the initiation of a profibrotic state and ultimately hepatic fibrosis appear different depending upon the insult, an in utero‐induced LBW outcome or a postnatal WD exposure.
AbstractPostnatal intake of an energy dense diet, the Western diet (WD), is a strong risk factor for liver fibrosis. Recently, adverse in utero conditions resulting in low birth weight (LBW) have also been associated with postnatal fibrosis development. We assessed the independent and possible synergistic effects of placental insufficiency‐induced LBW and postnatal WD consumption on liver fibrosis in early adulthood, with a specific focus on changes in inflammation and apoptosis pathways in association with fibrogenesis. Male LBW (uterine artery ablation) and normal birth weight (NBW) guinea pig pups were fed either a control diet (CD) or WD from weaning to 150 days. Significant steatosis, mild lobular inflammation, apoptosis and mild stage 1 fibrosis (perisinusoidal or portal) were evident in WD‐fed offspring (NBW/WD and LBW/WD). In LBW/CD versus NBW/CD offspring, increased transforming growth factor‐beta 1 and matrix metallopeptidase mRNA and sma‐ and Mad‐related protein 4 (SMAD4) were present in conjunction with minimal stage 1 portal fibrosis. Further, connective tissue growth factor mRNA was increased and miR‐146a expression decreased in LBW offspring, irrespective of diet. Independent of birth weight, WD‐fed offspring exhibited increased expression of fibrotic genes as well as elevated inflammatory and apoptotic markers. Moreover, the augmented expression of collagen, type III, alpha 1 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha was associated with increased recruitment of RNA polymerase II and enhanced histone acetylation (K9) to their respective promoters. These data support a role for both LBW and postnatal WD as factors contributing to hepatic fibrosis development in offspring through distinct pathways.
Educación en América Latina: retos y oportunidades para la filosofía de la región
Authors: Eslava Edgar 
Published: December 2015

<p class="p1">Enmarcadas dentro de las políticas de desarrollo para la región, las agendas educativas para América Latina representan compromisos que trascienden la mejoría en los resultados de pruebas específicas y que permean tanto las prácticas pedagógicas como los marcos conceptuales en los que estas cobran significado. El presente texto recoge algunos de los compromisos establecidos por dichas agendas y desarrolla las líneas generales que esperan y requieren la participación de la comunidad filosófica como garante y dinamizadora de la construcción de espacios de reflexión y acción sobre la educación. </p>
Effect of Thermal Pretreatment on the Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Flowing Supercritical Water
Authors: Jiao Yinan , Kish Joseph R. , Steeves Graham , Cook William G. , Zheng Wenyue , Guzonas David A. 
Published: December 2015

The effect of high-temperature microstructure degradation (thermal ageing) on the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels in supercritical water (SCW) was evaluated in this study. Mill-annealed (MA) and thermally treated (TT) samples of Type 316L and Type 310S stainless steel were exposed in 25 MPa SCW at 550°C with 8 ppm dissolved oxygen in a flowing autoclave testing loop. The thermal treatments applied to Type 316L (815°C for 1000 hr + water quench) and Type 310S (800°C for 1000 hr + air cool) were successful in precipitating the expected intermetallic phases in each alloy, both within the grains and on the grain boundaries. It was found that a prolonged time at relatively high temperature was sufficient to suppress significant compositional variation across the various intermetallic phase boundaries. This paper presents the results of the gravimetric analysis and oxide scale characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The role played by the fine precipitate structure on formation of the oxide scale, and thus corrosion resistance, is discussed. The combined role of dissolved oxygen and flow (revealed by examining the differences between Type 316L samples exposed in a static autoclave and in the flowing autoclave loop) is also addressed. It was concluded that formation of intermetallic phase precipitates during high-temperature exposure is not likely to have a major effect on the apparent corrosion resistance because of the discontinuous nature of the precipitation.
Targeted case finding for dementia in primary care: Surrey Downs dementia diagnosis project
Authors: Kallumpuram Sen , Sudhir Kumar CT , Khan Bilal , Gavins Victoria , Khan Aalia , Iliffe Steve 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCurrently less than half of the estimated number of people with dementia in England receive a formal diagnosis of dementia or have contact with specialist dementia services. Case finding focused on high risk groups may be an effective way to identify the undiagnosed. This joint Surrey Downs Clinical Commissioning Group and Surrey and Borders NHS Foundation Trust quality improvement project aimed to increase the rate of dementia diagnosis across Surrey Downs using specialist link nurses (SLNs).Thirty three GP surgeries covering the entire Surrey Downs area took part in the project. Individuals at high risk of developing dementia were identified from GP electronic disease registers, and were offered screening at their GP practices by SLNs, using a combination of mini cognitive test (Mini-Cog) and functional assessment questionnaire (FAQ). Suitable individuals who screened positive were seen by their GP and where appropriate referred to secondary care services for further evaluation.Based on the presence of risk factors, 6657 (11.9%) people were identified from a total population of 55 845 over 65s, and 1980 (29.7%) completed the screening assessment. Three hundred and fifty eight (18.1%) individuals screened positive and were referred to their GP, who referred 205 (57.2%) of them to the memory services for further assessment. Of those referred, 164 (80%) had a comprehensive specialist assessment. Forty one (20%) declined further assessment, and their GPs were informed.The mean age of the cohort who completed the comprehensive assessment was 82.3 years (SD=4.26), and were predominantly white and male. Fifty four (32.9%) had mild cognitive disorder (MCD), and 101 (61.6%) patients were diagnosed with dementia. The most common dementia was mixed type (43; 42.6%), followed by Alzheimer’s dementia (32; 31.7%). The most common risk factor among patients with cognitive impairment (MCD or dementia) was hypertension (69; 44.5 %), followed by ischemic heart disease (64, 41.3%).Nurse led case finding for cognitive impairment in a high risk population identifies people with dementia who are not yet formally diagnosed. The combined use of brief instruments to assess cognitive functioning and functional capabilities is helpful in identifying individuals with possible dementia.
Injury patterns of rear seat occupants in frontal impact: an in-depth crash investigation study
Authors: Beck Ben , Bilston Lynne E , Brown Julie 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveRear seat occupants are now at a higher risk of injury relative to front seat occupants and there is a need for enhanced protection. This study aimed to examine the pattern of injury, injury mechanisms and injury sources to restrained motor vehicle rear seat occupants involved in a frontal impact.MethodsCases involving restrained rear seat occupants aged 9 years and older involved in frontal crashes were prospectively collected from in-depth crash investigations collected in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, between 2000 and 2010. Structured occupant and driver interviews were conducted to ascertain crash parameters, medical records were reviewed and detailed injury descriptions were recorded using the abbreviated injury scale (AIS). Vehicle and scene inspections were also conducted and injury sources determined.ResultsThe dataset included 29 rear seat occupants aged 9–80 years. AIS2+ injuries were most commonly observed in the chest and abdomen. Chest injuries were more commonly observed in older occupants, while abdominal and thoracolumbar spine injuries were mostly observed in younger occupants. The seat belt was the most common source of injury to rear seat occupants.ConclusionsThe seat belt is the most common source of injury to rear seat passengers in frontal impact with variations in injury with age. There is a need to provide appropriate belt fit and better control seat belt loads for rear seat passengers. This could be achieved, at least in part, with existing technologies currently used in front seat positions, although novel technologies may also be useful.
All Wales Injury Surveillance System revised: development of a population-based system to evaluate single-level and multilevel interventions
Authors: Lyons Ronan A , Turner Samantha , Lyons Jane , Walters Angharad , Snooks Helen A , Greenacre Judith , Humphreys Ciaran , Jones Sarah J 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundInjury surveillance has been established since the 1990s, but is still largely based upon single-source data from sentinel sites. The growth of electronic health records and developments in privacy protecting linkage technologies provide an opportunity for more sophisticated surveillance systems.ObjectiveTo describe the evolution of an injury surveillance system to support the evaluation of interventions, both simple and complex in terms of organisation.MethodsThe paper describes the evolution of the system from one that relied upon data only from emergency departments to one that include multisource data and are now embedded in a total population privacy protecting data linkage system. Injury incidence estimates are compared by source and data linkage used to aid understanding of data quality issues. Examples of applications, challenges and solutions are described.ResultsThe age profile and estimated incidence of injuries recorded in general practice, emergency departments and hospital admissions differ considerably. Data linkage has enabled the evaluation of complex interventions and measurement of longer-term impact of a wide range of exposures.ConclusionsEmbedding injury surveillance within privacy protecting data linkage environment can transform the utility of a traditional single-source surveillance system to a multisource system. It also facilitates greater involvement in the evaluation of simple and complex healthcare and non-healthcare interventions and contributes to the growing evidence basis underlying the science of injury prevention and control.
Burden Calculator: a simple and open analytical tool for estimating the population burden of injuries
Authors: Bhalla Kavi , Harrison James E 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundBurden of disease and injury methods can be used to summarise and compare the effects of conditions in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Burden estimation methods are not inherently complex. However, as commonly implemented, the methods include complex modelling and estimation.ObjectivesTo provide a simple and open-source software tool that allows estimation of incidence-DALYs due to injury, given data on incidence of deaths and non-fatal injuries. The tool includes a default set of estimation parameters, which can be replaced by users.Development of the software toolThe tool was written in Microsoft Excel. All calculations and values can be seen and altered by users. The parameter sets currently used in the tool are based on published sources.Using the software toolThe tool is available without charge online athttp://calculator.globalburdenofinjuries.org. To use the tool with the supplied parameter sets, users need to only paste a table of population and injury case data organised by age, sex and external cause of injury into a specified location in the tool. Estimated DALYs can be read or copied from tables and figures in another part of the tool.ConclusionsIn some contexts, a simple and user-modifiable burden calculator may be preferable to undertaking a more complex study to estimate the burden of disease. The tool and the parameter sets required for its use can be improved by user innovation, by studies comparing DALYs estimates calculated in this way and in other ways, and by shared experience of its use.
Significance of the
Paralia sulcata
fossil record in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the SE Asia marginal seas over the Last Glacial Cycle
Authors: Zhang Jinpeng , Tomczak Michał , Li Chao , Witkowski Andrzej , Qiu Yan , Chen Hongjun , Gao Hongfang 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Paralia sulcata
(Ehr.) Cleve, a common diatom microfossil species in shelf and adjacent deep-sea sediments, is becoming potentially useful in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions due to its coarsely silicified exoskeleton being well preserved in sediments. This paper presents the distributions of
P. sulcata
in sediment cores from the SE Asian marginal seas taken from formerly published and original materials.
Paralia sulcata
achieved variable abundance in the glacial–interglacial sediment analysed, showing spatial changes in the core profiles of the South China Sea, with lower abundances during the last glacial stage and higher values in the post-glacial. Conversely, in the East China Sea, it attains lower abundances during the Holocene, while higher ones in last glacial stage. Over a short timescale, variations in the abundance of this species responded quickly to the climatic and oceanographic fluctuations. We illustrate a ‘seesaw’ effect that its high abundances revealed in the East China Sea at 15–11 cal ka BP, whereas this occurred during period 11–8 cal ka BP in the South China Sea. The rapid increase in abundance of this species in the South China Sea is interpreted as an indication of a plausible link with the opening of the Taiwan Strait and the general coastal water circulation pattern during deglaciation.