bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second-generation antipsychotics and the metabolic syndrome in drug-naive adolescents
Authors: Sjo C. , Bilenberg N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPoor physical health and shorter life expectancy often follows from mental illness. If the disorder starts in childhood/adolescence, the risk of this outcome is even higher. Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are suspected to increase cardiovascular risk factors through the development of the metabolic syndrome.ObjectiveWe investigated all the aspects of the metabolic syndrome in drug-naive youth, over a period of 12 months of treatment with SGAs.AimsThis study examines drug-naive youth in their first year of treatment with SGAs, and the possible development of markers of the metabolic syndrome, in a naturalistic setting. We also look at aspects of the patient's disease and environment that may predict which patients are the most at risk for these metabolic derangements.MethodsThirty-five drug-naive adolescents were recruited after their contact with the Psychosis Team at Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Odense, Denmark. Measurements were taken at different times over the course of their first year of treatment. The markers included, among others: body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, as well as high density, low density and total cholesterol. Factors of the patients’ lifestyle and development were recorded as well.ResultsThe results will be presented at the EPA March 2016 in Madrid.ConclusionsThis is, to our knowledge, the first study to include all of the aforementioned aspects in drug-naive adolescents over a 12-month period. Because of this, it may provide us with a unique insight into how, and in which patients, these metabolic changes develop.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depression in the active phase of paranoid schizophrenia in relation to age of onset and sex
Authors: Skokou M. , Gourzis P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepression is often observed in schizophrenia, in all phases of the disorder. Age of illness onset and sex have been found to correlate with depressive symptomatology in many but not all studies.AimsIn the present work the relation between depressive symptoms and age of onset and sex was investigated, in a sample of patients with paranoid schizophrenia.MethodsEighty-eight (88) patients with paranoid schizophrenia according to DSM-IV-TR criteria were examined, 21 of which became ill at ≥35 years of age (late onset), whereas 60 had age of onset < 30 years (young onset). During the active phase the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) was applied. Comparisons were performed by using the two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum and Chi-squared tests.ResultsThe percentage of patients with depression (CDSS > 6) in the whole sample was 27.2%. There was a trend for higher scores in early awakening in late onset patients (P = 0.060). In men, there was a trend for heavier depression in late onset patients, and higher scores in early awakening (P = 0.082, 0.019, respectively). In young onset patients, there was a trend for heavier symptomatology in women compared with men, and heavier pathological guilt (P = 0.073, 0.007, respectively), whereas in late onset patients, there was a trend for heavier self depreciation in men (P = 0.072).ConclusionsAlthough the frequency of depression does not seem to be influenced by age of onset or sex, more subtle differences are found in the severity of certain depressive symptoms, in relation to these factors, possibly warranting further investigation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sleep disorders among adolescents in Nigeria: The development of an assessment instrument (Sleep Disorders in Nigeria Questionnaire [SDINQ])
Authors: Igbokwe D. , Ola B.A. , Odebunmi A. , Gesinde M.A. , Alao A. , Agbu J. , Ndom R.J.E. , Adeusi S.O. , Adekeye O.A. , Agoha B.C.E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNigerian adolescents report various sleep disorders metaphorically based on the local/native description of such disorders. Hence, it is sometimes difficult for clinicians without a good grasp of the nuance in their description to understand their presentation.AimTo develop a culturally relevant (Nigerian) instrument for assessing sleep disorders.MethodsOne thousand two hundred and twenty-seven Nigerian Secondary School adolescents (634 males and 593 females) between 12–19 years with mean age of 15.20 (SD = 1.5) were administered a 44 item instrument developed following the DSM (V), American Association of Sleep Medicine's International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD, 2005) criteria, and case reports of sleep disorders. The data was subjected to a Principal Component Analysis using Varimax rotation.ResultTen factors instead of the original eleven factors suggested by the authors emerged in the analysis and on closer examination and in juxtaposition with cultural nuances, it was found the ten factors were in line with what is generally reported by adolescents. Sleep walking disorders and sleep related movement disorders loaded in one factor labelled sleep movement disorders, while items representing non restorative sleep experiences, sleep talking, sleep paralysis, sleep apnea, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, narcolepsy, insomnia, sleep terror disorder and nightmare disorder loaded on their individual factors. The SDINQ showed a Cronbach Alpha of .916 and a good correlation with subscales of the School Sleep Habits Survey (SSHS).ConclusionsThe SDINQ has been found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the presence of sleep disorders among adolescents in Nigeria.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Validation of the insomnia assessment scale – adapted in a community sample of portuguese pregnant women
Authors: Marques M. , Pereira A.T. , Azevedo J. , Xavier S. , Bento E. , Soares M.J. , Freitas V. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPregnancy is characterized by important changes in sleep and some of them (as insomnia) predict negative outcomes, like depression, through all the perinatal period. There are few Portuguese adapted and validated instruments assessing insomnia in pregnancy.ObjectiveTo validate the Insomnia Assessment Scale in a sample of Portuguese pregnant women.Methods419 pregnant women (mean age: 32.51 ± 4.759; weeks of gestation: 17.32 ± 4.803) answered the Insomnia Assessment Scale (IAS), constructed according to the DSM-V and the ICSD-3 criteria and presenting fourteen items: three evaluating insomnia symptoms (1 to 3); one assessing if sleep difficulties were present although there were adequate conditions to sleep (item 4); one assessing if sleep difficulties occurred three times/week (item 5); one evaluating if sleep was not restorative (item 6); three assessing daily impairment associated to insomnia symptoms (7 to 9); two assessing the use of prescribed and/or homemade medication (10 and 11); three excluding that sleep difficulties were not due to another sleep disorder, substance use, a physical condition or a mental disorder) (12 to 14).ResultsThe IAS Kuder-Richardson alpha was very good (α=0.85) and none of the items increased the alpha if removed. A principal component analysis revealed a three factors solution, explaining a variance/EV of 63,74%: F1/Insomnia symptoms (items 1 to 6) (EV 36.02%; α=0.81); F2/Daily impairment associated to insomnia symptoms (items 7 to 9) (EV 18.67%; α=0.79); F3/Differential diagnosis (items 12 to 14) (EV 8.38%; α=0.81).ConclusionsThe IAS adapted for Portuguese pregnant women presented good reliability and validity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Factors related to suicidal behavior in korean patients with bipolar disorder: The effect of mixed features on suicidality
Authors: Seo H.J. , Wang H.R. , Woo Y.S. , Kim H.C. , Bahk W.M. , Nam B.W. , Lim E. , Min K.J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to investigate various risk factors of suicidal behaviors, including the mixed features specifier, in Korean patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical charts from 2005 to 2014. A total of 334 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder using the DSM-IV TR were enrolled. Subjects were categorized into two groups according to their history of suicidal behavior and the demographic and clinical characteristics of the groups were compared, including the mixed features specifier. We re-evaluated the index episode using DSM-5 criteria and classified subjects into an index episode with mixed features group and an index episode without mixed features group. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate significant risk factors associated with suicidal behavior.ResultsSuicidal behavior had an independent relationship with mixed features at the index episode using DSM-5 criteria (OR = 3.39; 95% CI: 1.57–7.34) and number of previous depressive episodes (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.34–1.95) in Korean bipolar patients. The mixed feature specifier was the strongest risk factor for suicidal behavior in the present study. Limitations: this was a retrospective study and structured psychiatric interviews were not conducted.ConclusionsThis study may help clinicians understand potential risk factors and manage bipolar disorders with suicidal behaviors. Clinicians should carefully monitor patients with bipolar disorder who exhibit numerous depressive episodes or mixed features for suicidal behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Outpatient treatment engagement after suicidal attempt: A multicentre prospective study
Authors: Boniface B. , Castaigne E. , Balaguer E. , Ghanem T. , Bouhlal A. , Ivascu E.B. , Youssouf Abdou A. , Hardy P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMost suicide attempters are referred to community health professionals (CHP) after discharge from emergency department (ED). Thereafter, outpatient treatment engagement (OTE) is often poor. Strengthening it seems likely to reduce the risk of repeat suicidal behaviour.ObjectivesTo identify the predictive factors of OTE.MethodsMulticentre prospective study in true life conducted in adult patients (≥18) in 4 EDs of the Southern Paris region. Patients were referred to CHP. OTE was assessed by telephone calls at 1 and 3 months. OTE at 1 month was defined as having booked 1 appointment; OTE at 3 months as having attended 2 appointments and booked another one.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-five patients were assessed at 1 month and 144 at 3 months. OTE at 1 and 3 months was observed in 58% and 51% respectively. A multivariate analysis showed factors significantly predictive of OTE at 1 month: a psychiatric follow-up before the suicide attempt (SA), ≥2 psychiatric interviews during the stay at ED, appointment with CHP booked before discharge from the ED; and at 3 months: college or university education, absence of alcohol intake during the SA, psychiatric follow-up before the SA, appointment with CHP booked before discharge from the ED.ConclusionsThis multicentre prospective study highlights the benefit of booking outpatient appointment before discharge from ED; of allowing patient to benefit from at least two psychiatric interviews; of being particularly cautious with patients who took alcohol concomitantly to their SA, patients with low level of academic achievement and patients without psychiatric follow-up.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Suicidal ideation among former prisoners of war's wives – a longitudinal dyadic study
Authors: Zerach G. , Levi-Belz Y. , Michelson M. , Solomon Z. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe long-term associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidal ideation (SI) among ex-prisoners of war (ex-POWs) has recently been exemplified. Several studies have revealed the toll of war captivity on secondary traumatization’ (ST) of ex-POWs’ wives. However, a question remains regarding the possible SI among ex-POWs’ wives.ObjectivesUnderstanding of SI phenomena among wives of severely traumatized ex-POWs in a longitudinal dyadic designed study.AimsAssessment of SI among ex-POWs’ wives and the longitudinal associations with their husbands’ PTSD. We also aim to assess the moderating role of the couple's dyadic adjustment in these associations.MethodA sample of 233 Israeli couples (142 ex-POWs couples and a comparison group of 91 veteran couples) completed self-report measures at two time points: T1 30 (2003-4) and T2 37 (2010) years after the ‘Yom Kipur’ 1973 war.ResultsSurprisingly, no significant differences were found between ex-POWs wives and veterans’ wives, with and without husbands’ PTSD, in SI at T1 and T2. Only among ex-POW couples, an increase in the husband's level of PTSD and SI was related to a more moderate increase in their wives’ SI between T1 and T2. Interestingly, the more a wife reported positive dyadic adjustment, the more moderate the increase in her SI between T1 to T2, regardless of the study group.ConclusionsSuicidal ideation among ex-POWs’ wives is closely related to their husbands’ PTSD and is moderated by their perception of marital adjustment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Interim results of remotely provided, one-on-one, tailored psycho-education and skills training to caregivers of patients with mental health difficulties
Authors: Ashcroft K. , Insua-Summerhays B. 
Published: May 2016

In the past several decades, considerable evidence has emerged on the efficacy of caregiver and family interventions in the treatment of severe and enduring mental health disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Studies have demonstrated benefits of these interventions with regard to both reduced rates of burden in caregivers, and a reduction in relapse and improvement in symptoms of the person with psychosis. However, many caregivers who may benefit from such interventions are unable to access them, due to limited resources and geographical factors. Additionally, concerns about stigma and time constraints may deter caregivers from accessing support. The following study is among the first to address these barriers using a remotely delivered, one-on-one caregiver intervention. Caregivers (n = 93) of patients with severe and enduring mental health difficulties took part in a tailored psychoeducation and skills training intervention, consisting of weekly 40 minute videoconference or telephone sessions with a trained clinician. Caregivers completed the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) at baseline, and eight sessions (mid treatment). It was hypothesized that caregivers would show a reduction of distress and burden in response to the intervention. Interim comparison of pre- versus 8th session measures demonstrated a highly significant reduction in GHQ scores (P < 001), as well as a highly significant reduction in IEQ scores (P < 001). Results suggest that remotely provided, one-on-one, tailored psycho-education and skills training may be an effective and accessible intervention to improve the well-being of, and decrease burden in, caregivers of mental health patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Comparison of metabolic syndrome between patients with severe mental disorders
Authors: Mata Saenz B. , Romero Guillena S.L. , Plasencia García de Diego B.O. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMetabolic alterations are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with severe mental disorders. Polypharmacy has been shown to increase the risk.ObjectivesTo check the patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder admitted to our unit and their metabolic parameters.AimsTo assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, diabetes and dyslipidemia in patients diagnosed with these disorders admitted to our unit between 2013 and 2014, and compare the results.MethodsWe conducted an epidemiological, observational, retrospective study of patients with these disorders admitted to our unit in this period. Clinical and socio-demographic variables were collected and analyzed by The Statistical Package for Social Science version 19.0.ResultsNo association was detected between treatment with antipsychotics (typical/atypical) and metabolic variables. This may be due to the fact that mostly of patients received a combination treatment of both (Table 1).ConclusionsDyslipidemia and diabetes seem to be more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia in our sample, but thyroid dysfunction is more prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder. However, the two samples are very different so more studies are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.Table 1
The psychiatry recruitment crisis across Europe: Evaluation by the European Federation of psychiatric trainees
Authors: Ryland H. , Baessler F. , Casanova Dias M. , De Picker L. , Pinto Da Costa M. , Kanellopoulos A. , Sonmez E. , Alfimov P. , Sebbane D. , Birkle S.M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionRecruitment of medical students and junior doctors in to psychiatry is a long-standing concern in many countries, with low proportions of medical graduates choosing it as a specialty and ongoing stigma from within the medical profession. In some countries the reverse problem is the case, with too many doctors wishing to enter psychiatry, and insufficient training places available.ObjectivesTo understand the current situation within Europe with regards to recruitment in to psychiatry and to identify existing recruitment initiatives.MethodsThe European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees conducts an annual survey of all member organisations. A delegate of each national association of psychiatric trainees is asked to identify if their country has a problem with recruitment and if so, whether there were too many or too few applicants for training places. Delegates from countries with recruitment initiatives were contacted to provide further details.ResultsIn 2014, a total of 31 countries completed the survey, with 17 stating that too few medical practitioners choose psychiatry. In total 8 countries with recruitment problems reported that initiatives exist to encourage doctors to enter psychiatric training. Of these, 7 responded to describe the initiatives, which included national recruitment strategies, financial incentives, careers fairs, mentoring schemes and a whole host of other projects.ConclusionsRecruitment in to psychiatry remains a serious problem in a significant proportion of European countries, but a wide range of initiatives exist which aim to combat this shortfall. It will be important over the coming years to establish which initiatives are most effective at increasing recruitment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The effect of Qing Huan Ling combined risperidone on the open field behavior of schizophrenic mice model
Authors: Zhang Y. , Liu F. , Dai Z. , Wu B. , Wu Q. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Qing Huan Ling and (or) risperidone on locomotor activity and explorative behavior of schizophrenia mice model by open field test.MethodsSeventy kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, one group as blank group. The rest groups ip MK-801 continuously 14 day, then randomly numbered: model group, risperidone group, Qing Huan Ling group and risperidone combined Qing Huan Ling group. Ig give corresponding drugs for each group 4 weeks, observe the change of locomotor activity and explorative behavior by open field test.ResultsAfter Ig 4 weeks, compared with the blank group, there were no obvious difference in locomotor activity and explorative behavior between risperidone group, Qing Huan Ling group and the combined group. Compared with the model group, risperidone had statistics meaning in the repression of explorative behavior (P < 0.05),the combined group has statistics meaning in the repression of locomotor activity and explorative behavior (78.92 ± 36.18 m vs. 186.92 ± 41.08 m, P < 0.01).ConclusionQing Huan Ling regulate the central nervous system of schizophrenia mice model; when combined with risperidone, it restrain the central nervous system of schizophrenia mice model and the effect is stronger than risperidone alone.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Choosing wisely – the viewpoint and experiences of the American Psychiatric Association
Authors: McIntyre J. 
Published: May 2016

Choosing wisely, a program developed by the American Board of Internal Medicine in 2012, is advancing a national dialogue on avoiding wasteful or unnecessary medical tests, treatments or procedures. Recommendations are chosen that have a strong evidence base. There are now over seventy specialty society partners including the American Psychiatric Association. The program attempts to involve patients in the dialogue and an important partner in the program is consumer reports. In this presentation, information about the origins of the program, its development and the impact it has on the practice of medicine will be reviewed. Also the measures developed and submitted by the American Psychiatric Association will be discussed and potential additional psychiatric measures will be discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of the program will be identified.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Prioritization in medicine – a special role for mental healthcare?
Authors: Meyer T. 
Published: May 2016

The international debate on priority setting in health care has been around for more than 30 years now, Denmark, Norway, the US state of Oregon, Sweden, UK and the Netherlands being among their vanguards. From the beginning, the debate has been related to – or was even seen as identical to – the discourse on rationing in health care. Based on these international debates, the presentation will introduce different understandings and characteristics of the priority-setting concept in health care and will argue for a clear distinction between priority setting and rationing. Different ways of implementing priority setting, i.e., by means of guidelines or ethical frameworks, will be introduced to set the frame for the current choosing-wisely initiative. It will be argued that priority setting is important for the organisation of mental health care, as it is for health and social care of different chronic disorders.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.