bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterisation, and evaluation of stable, efficient modified nanocopper‐based glycerol hydrogenolysis catalysts
Authors: Lv Zhiguo , Xie Zhipeng , Guo Zhenmei , Liu Xia , Liu Pei 
Published: February 2017

A series of CuO/SiO2 catalysts containing different modifiers were prepared via co‐precipitation and used for glycerol hydrogenolysis. CuO–CeO2/SiO2 gave the best glycerol conversion rate (100%) and highest selectivity for 1,2‐propanediol (up to 95%). Reactions were carried out under the following conditions: temperature, 220°C; H2 pressure, 0.5 MPa; glycerol concentration, 100 wt.%; and H2/glycerol molar ratio, 35:1. The catalysts were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption, N2 adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy. The CuO–CeO2/SiO2 catalyst had smaller particle sizes, better dispersion, and greater specific surface area than the CuO/SiO2, CuO–phosphotungstic acid (PTA)/SiO2, and CuO–CeO2–PTA/SiO2 catalysts.
Trait selection to improve windfirmness in trees.
Authors: Telewski F. W. , Moore J. R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Windfirmness of trees, the ability to withstand strong winds without incurring internal damage to xylem (fibre buckling in timber) or structural failure due to stem snap (wind snap) or over turning of root plates (wind throw), is a complex phenomenon that results from the interaction of multiple traits. Selective tree breeding has the potential to improve windfirmness, but to date there have been few examples where this has been attempted. A key difficulty is that windfirmness is not simply associated with a single trait that can be selected for, but instead requires a comprehensive understanding of tree biomechanics and the different developmental responses to wind. This review summarizes the elastic and plastic responses in trees due to wind to assist in the identification of those traits associated with windfirmness in growth allometry, wood properties and root growth. It addresses recent attempts to begin the selection process to improve the windfirmness of forests and plantations in light of changing wind regimes around the world. Finally, it discusses the unintended consequences that could occur from selective breeding for windfirmness, which could potentially compromise tree growth and yield as well as wood quality.
Extreme-Dipper Profile, Increased Aortic Stiffness, and Impaired Subendocardial Viability in Hypertension
Authors: Amah Guy , Ouardani Rahma , Pasteur-Rousseau Adrien , Voicu Sebastian , Safar Michel E. , Kubis Nathalie , Bonnin Philippe 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In treated hypertensives, extreme-dippers with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) exhibit more severe nighttime cardiac ischemia than dippers. After excluding confounding factors such as diabetes, CAD or chronic kidney disease (CKD), we assessed whether subendocardial viability, determined by the Buckberg index, was more significantly impaired in extreme-dippers than in dippers.

METHODS
Two hundred thirteen consecutive treated hypertensives (156 dippers, 57 extreme-dippers), were included. After 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring, patients underwent radial applanation tonometry (with determination of: subendocardial viability ratio [SEVR], central augmentation index [AIx], and pulse pressure amplification [PPamp]), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) measurement, and cycle ergometer stress testing.

RESULTS
Extreme-dippers showed higher cfPWV (8.99 ± 2.16 vs. 8.29 ± 1.69 m/s, P = 0.014), higher AIx (29.7 ± 9.4 vs. 26.4 ± 10.4%, P = 0.042), lower PPamp (1.22 ± 0.14 vs. 1.30 ± 0.15, P &lt; 0.001), lower SEVR (146 ± 23% vs. 157 ± 26%, P = 0.007), and lower nighttime diastolic BP (DBP) (70 ± 9 vs. 75 ± 9 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.001) than dippers. SEVR and cfPWV were inversely correlated. Among extreme-dippers, women exhibited lower SEVR (138 ± 21% vs. 161 ± 23%, P = 0.004), PPamp (1.16 ± 0.10 vs. 1.31 ± 0.15, P &lt; 0.001), and nighttime DBP (67 ± 8 mm Hg vs. 72 ± 8 mm Hg, P = 0.017) than men.

CONCLUSIONS
Extreme-dipper treated hypertensives with no history of CAD, diabetes or CKD, present increased aortic stiffness and low PPamp. Furthermore, this is the first demonstration of the greater likelihood of these patients to exhibit impaired subendocardial viability compared to dippers. Extreme-dipper hypertensive patients, women in particular, may have a significantly higher risk of silent myocardial ischemia, thus justifying systematic screening.
Trends in numbers of Cape gannets (Morus capensis), 1956/1957–2005/2006, with a consideration of the influence of food and other factors
Authors: Crawford Robert J. M. , Dundee Benedict L. , Dyer Bruce M. , Klages Norbert T. W. , Meÿer Michael A. , Upfold Leshia 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Crawford, R. J. M., Dundee, B. L., Dyer, B. M., Klages, N. T., Meÿer, M. A., and Upfold, L. 2007. Trends in numbers of Cape gannets (Morus capensis), 1956/57–2005/06, with a consideration of the influence of food and other factors – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64, 169–177. Cape gannets (Morus capensis) breed at six colonies in Namibia and South Africa. Population size averaged about 250 000 pairs over the period 1956/1957–1968/1969 and about 150 000 pairs from 1978/1979 to 2005/2006. Over the whole 50-y period, numbers at the three Namibian colonies fell by 85–98%, with greater proportional decreases in the south. There were increases at two South African colonies between 1956/1957 and 2005/2006. The colony at Lambert's Bay increased between 1956/1957 and 2003/2004, but attacks by Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus) on birds at nests caused abandonment of the entire colony in 2005/2006. Long-term changes at colonies are thought to be largely attributable to an altered abundance and distribution of prey, especially sardine (Sardinops sagax) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus). In both Namibia and South Africa, the numbers of Cape gannets breeding were significantly related to the biomass of epipelagic fish prey. Over the 50-y period, there was also a marked similarity in the proportions of gannets and epipelagic fish in the Benguela system, which were present in Namibia and South Africa. In the 2000s, there was an eastward shift in the distribution of sardine off South Africa and a large increase in the number of gannets breeding at South Africa's easternmost colony. When sardine were scarce off South Africa, gannets fed on anchovy, but off Namibia anchovy only temporarily and partially replaced sardine. Ecosystem management measures that might improve the conservation status of Cape gannets are considered.
A Spontaneous Lower Motor Neuron Disease Apparently Caused by Indigenous Type-C RNA Virus in Wild Mice2
Authors: Gardner Murray B. , Henderson Brian E. , Officer J. Earle , Rongey Robert W. , Parker John C. , Oliver Cynthia , Estes John D. , Huebner Robert J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A high incidence of spontaneous lower-limb paralysis occurred in a population of wild mice (Mus musculus) which had a high incidence of naturally occurring lymphoma and elevated indigenous type-C virus activity. Experimental transmission evidence indicated that both the neurologic and lymphomatous disorders almost certainly were caused by the indigenous type-C virus. The virus appeared to have a direct neurotropic effect on anterior horn neurons in the lower spinal cord.
Schistosomiasis: a rare cause of acute appendicitis
Authors: Cox ND , Yates PJ 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection in humans, which is prevalent in developing countries. The infection manifests itself as a variety of different pathologies, depending on the location of the parasite and its eggs. A rare manifestation is that of a common surgical presentation, acute appendicitis. We present a case of a young male who underwent appendicectomy for acute appendicitis caused by a schistosomiasis infection, proven on pathological examination of the resected appendix.
Type Ia supernovae with bimodal explosions are common – possible smoking gun for direct collisions of white dwarfs
Authors: Dong Subo , Katz Boaz , Kushnir Doron , Prieto Jose L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We discover clear doubly peaked line profiles in 3 out of ∼20 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with high-quality nebular-phase spectra. The profiles are consistently present in three separated Co/Fe emission features. The two peaks are respectively blueshifted and redshifted relative to the host galaxies and are separated by ∼5000 km s−1. The doubly peaked profiles directly reflect a bimodal velocity distribution of the radioactive 56Ni in the ejecta that powers the emission of these SNe. Due to their random orientations, only a fraction of SNe with intrinsically bimodal velocity distributions will appear as doubly peaked spectra. Therefore, SNe with intrinsic bimodality are likely common, especially among the SNe in the low-luminosity part on the Phillips relation (Δm15(B) ≳ 1.3; ∼ 40 per cent of all SNe Ia). Such bimodality is naturally expected from direct collisions of white dwarfs (WDs) due to the detonation of both WDs and is demonstrated in a 3D 0.64–0.64M⊙ WD collision simulation. In the future, with a large sample of nebular spectra and a comprehensive set of numerical simulations, the collision model can be unambiguously tested as the primary channel for SNe Ia, and the distribution of nebular line profiles will either be a smoking gun or rule it out.
Apsidal precession, disc breaking and viscosity in warped discs
Authors: Nealon Rebecca , Nixon Chris , Price Daniel J. , King Andrew 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We demonstrate the importance of general relativistic apsidal precession in warped black hole accretion discs by comparing three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations in which this effect is first neglected, and then included. If apsidal precession is neglected, we confirm the results of an earlier magnetohydrodynamic simulation which made this assumption, showing that at least in this case the α viscosity model produces very similar results to those of simulations where angular momentum transport is due to the magnetorotational instability. Including apsidal precession significantly changes the predicted disc evolution. For moderately inclined discs thick enough that tilt is transported by bending waves, we find a disc tilt which is non-zero at the inner disc edge and oscillates with radius, consistent with published analytic results. For larger inclinations, we find disc breaking.
The high-redshift star formation history from carbon-monoxide intensity maps
Authors: Breysse Patrick C. , Kovetz Ely D. , Kamionkowski Marc 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We demonstrate how cosmic star formation history can be measured with one-point statistics of carbon-monoxide intensity maps. Using a P(D) analysis, the luminosity function of CO-emitting sources can be inferred from the measured one-point intensity PDF. The star formation rate density (SFRD) can then be obtained, at several redshifts, from the CO luminosity density. We study the effects of instrumental noise, line foregrounds, and target redshift, and obtain constraints on the CO luminosity density of the order of 10 per cent. We show that the SFRD uncertainty is dominated by that of the model connecting CO luminosity and star formation. For pessimistic estimates of this model uncertainty, we obtain an error of the order of 50 per cent on SFRD for surveys targeting redshifts between two and seven with reasonable noise and foregrounds included. However, comparisons between intensity maps and galaxies could substantially reduce this model uncertainty. In this case, our constraints on SFRD at these redshifts improve to roughly 5 − 10 per cent, which is highly competitive with current measurements.
The Influence of Perioperative Seizure Prophylaxis on Seizure Rate and Hospital Quality Metrics Following Glioma Resection
Authors: Dewan Michael C. , White-Dzuro Gabrielle A. , Brinson Philip R. , Zuckerman Scott L. , Morone Peter J. , Thompson Reid C. , Wellons John C. , Chambless Lola B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are frequently administered
prophylactically to mitigate seizures following craniotomy for brain tumor resection.
However, conflicting evidence exists regarding the efficacy of AEDs, and their influence
on surgery-related outcomes is limited.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of perioperative AEDs on postoperative
seizure rate and hospital-reported quality metrics.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, incorporating all adult
patients who underwent craniotomy for glioma resection at our institution between 1999 and
2014. Patients in 2 cohorts—those receiving and those not receiving prophylactic
AEDs—were compared on the incidence of postoperative seizures and several hospital
quality metrics including length of stay, discharge status, and use of hospital
resources.

RESULTS: Among 342 patients with glioma undergoing cytoreductive surgery, 301
(88%) received AED prophylaxis and 41 (12%) did not. Seventeen patients (5.6%) in the
prophylaxis group developed a seizure within 14 days of surgery, compared with 1 (2.4%) in
the standard group (OR = 2.2, 95% CI [0.3-17.4]). Median hospital and intensive care unit
lengths of stay were similar between the cohorts. There was also no difference in the rate
at which patients presented within 90 days postoperatively to the emergency department or
required hospital readmission. In addition, the rate of hospital resource consumption,
including electroencephalogram and computed tomography scan acquisition, and neurology
consultation, was similar between both groups.

CONCLUSION: The administration of prophylactic AEDs following glioma surgery
did not influence the rate of perioperative seizures, nor did it reduce healthcare
resource consumption. The role of perioperative seizure prophylaxis should be closely
reexamined, and reconsideration given to this commonplace practice.
Using Nuclear Medicine Imaging Wisely in Diagnosing Infectious Diseases
Authors: Censullo Andrea , Vijayan Tara 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on efficient and accurate diagnostic testing, exemplified by the American Board of Internal Medicine’s “Choosing Wisely” campaign. Nuclear imaging studies can provide early and accurate diagnoses of many infectious disease syndromes, particularly in complex cases where the differential remains broad.This review paper offers clinicians a rational, evidence-based guide to approaching nuclear medicine tests, using an example case of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia in a patient with multiple potential sources. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) with computed tomography (CT) and sulfur colloid imaging with tagged white blood cell (WBC) scanning offer the most promise in facilitating rapid and accurate diagnoses of endovascular graft infections, vertebral osteomyelitis (V-OM), diabetic foot infections, and prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). However, radiologists at different institutions may have varying degrees of expertise with these modalities.Regardless, infectious disease consultants would benefit from knowing what nuclear medicine tests to order when considering patients with complex infectious disease syndromes.
ASSESSMENT OF HABITUAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BY A SEVEN-DAY RECALL IN A COMMUNITY SURVEY AND CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS
Authors: BLAIR STEVEN N. , HASKELL WILLIAM L. , HO PING , PAFFENBARGER RALPH S. , VRANIZAN KAREN M. , FARQUHAR JOHN W. , WOOD PETER D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Assessment of habitual physical activity in epidemiologic and health education studies has been difficult A seven-day physical activity recall interview was developed and administered in a community health survey, a randomized clinical trial, and two worksite health promotion programs during 1979–1982. These studies were conducted in several populations in California, Texas, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Energy expenditure estimates from the physical activity recall conformed to expected age- and sex-specific values in the cross-sectional community survey. Estimates of energy expenditure were also congruent with other questions on physical activity and job classification. In a randomized, one-year exercise trial, the physical activity recall detected increases in energy expenditure in the treated group and was positively associated with miles run during training (p &lt; 0.05). Changes in energy expenditure were associated with changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max (r = 0.33, p &lt; 0.05) and body fatness (r =−0.50, p &lt; 0.01) at six months, and in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = 0.31, p &lt; 0.05) and triglyceride (r =−0.41, p &lt; 0.01) at one year. The physical activity recall detected significant (p &lt; 0.01) increases in energy expenditure in treatment groups in two worksite health promotion projects. These data suggest that the physical activity recall provides useful estimates of habitual physical activity for research in epldemiologtc and health education studies.
A STATISTICAL METHOD FOR EVALUATING SUICIDE CLUSTERS AND IMPLEMENTING CLUSTER SURVEILLANCE
Authors: GIBBONS ROBERT D. , CLARK DAVID C. , FAWCETT JAN 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The absence of any standard definition of suicide cluster events hinders understanding of the prevalence of the problem, hinders the development of appropriate public health responses to observed clusters, and ultimately hinders Investigation of the mechanisms underlying contagious communication of suicidal behavior. The authors introduce a Poisson mixture model for assessing potential dusters of adolescent suicide, apply that model to the monthly incidence rates of adolescent suicide for one populous US county over the last 11 years, and generate 99% tolerance limits with 95% confidence for the number of suicides which may occur by chance within specific intervals of time in that county. The suicide incidence data showed a remarkable fit to a single Poisson distribution, suggesting it is not unreasonable to consider the cases as randomly-distributed and independent events. The authors conclude that there is no evidence that adolescent suicides occurred in clusters in the place and in the time frame under study, and recommend the Poisson mixture model for ascertaining clusters as well as implementing cluster surveillance.
Clinical Physics Parameters of the UCLA Neutron Therapy Facility
Authors: Smathers J.B. , Myers L.T. , Parker R.G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The clinical parameters of the UCLA Neutron Therapy Facility such as dose build-up, depth dose, beam profiles, field size dependence, wedge field profiles, and upper limits to the photon contamination in the beam are presented. The use of the AECL Theraplan photon treatment planning software for neutron therapy treatment planning and the compromises which had to be made for this use are discussed. Data on the sensitivity of the isodose distributions to flattening filter-neutron beam alignment are presented and the implications this has on system design are discussed.
226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb Concentrations in Brazilian Mineral Waters
Authors: Pires do Rio M.A. , Godoy J.M. , Amaral E.C.S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Brazilian production of bottled mineral water is about 560 million litres per year. The states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Pernambuco are responsible for more than 65% of the total production. Over twenty samples of bottle mineral waters from these states were analysed for 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb content. Mean values of 27 mBq.l-1 for 226Ra and 77 mBq.l-1 for 210Pb were found. 228Ra was found in only two samples and the highest value was 300 mBq.l-1. Dose calculations were performed in order to evaluate the relative importance of the radionuclides to the radiation exposure of the Brazilian population. Based upon the production rate and the measured concentrations, collective committed effective doses per year of 1.5 manSv for 226Ra, 1.4 manSv for 228Ra and 17 manSv for 210Pb were obtained. These results show that the 210Pb is the main contributor to radiation exposure of the population because of their ingestion of bottled mineral water.
Radioecological Measurements in the Coal Power Plant Environment
Authors: Papastefanou C. , Manolopoulou M. , Charalambous S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Radioecological measurements were carried out on the radioactive nuclides escaping from the stacks of coal-fired power plants (CPP) and dispersing into the environment, as most types of lignites burned contain radioactive nuclides, mostly of the uranium series. Different methods were used, such as low level counting, gamma ray spectroscopy, nuclear activation analysis and the delayed neutron technique, TL dosimetry, the solid state nuclear etched track detector technique, WL monitoring and air sampling. The Valley model for atmospheric dispersion of the escaping 226Ra was applied and a series of experimental measurements of this nuclide were carried out in the environment of CPPs for simulation. TLD measurements of the external exposure dose rate as well as radon concentration indoor measurements for a period of three years (1985-1987) are presented.
Measurement of Doses Between 10-2 and 10-8 Gy with Glass Dosemeters
Authors: Tesch K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The absorbed dose in glass due to electrons or photons can be measured between 10-2 and about 108 Gy (100 and 1010 rad) using radiophotoluminescence, thermoluminescence, and colouration properties of silver-activated phosphate glass. Systematic and statistical errors of measurement relevant to practical applications are discussed.
Radial Distributions of Energy Deposited Along Charged Particle Tracks
Authors: Toburen L.H. , Braby L.A. , Metting N.F. , Kraft G. , Scholz M. , Kraske F. , Schmidt-Böcking H. , Dörner R. , Seip R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Distributions of the specific energy deposited in nanometre-sized volumes have been measured as a function of the radial distance from the path of 5.9 MeV.amu-1 uranium and 13.0 to 17.2 MeV.amu-1 germanium beams. Tissue volumes of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 nm diameter were simulated using a grid-walled proportional counter capable of two-dimensional motion relative to the ion beam. Radial distances from 0 to 8000 nm were investigated. Values of the mean specific energy were obtained from these distributions and compared with radial dose profiles calculated from track structure models. Excellent agreement was observed between the measured mean specific energy and the calculated radial dose for small distances relative to the track path. At longer distances, the mean specific energy deposited in small volumes became larger than the calculated average dose, reflecting the stochastic nature of the energy deposition process, i.e. at greater distances from the ion path a small site was either hit, by the traversal of secondary electron or absorption of a photon, or received no energy. If one accounts for the fraction of the particles that deposit no energy in the site, then the average specific energy deposition per particle is in excellent agreement with model calculations.