bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of faulty high speed wind turbine bearing using signal intensity estimator technique
Authors: Elforjani Mohamed , Shanbr Suliman , Bechhoefer Eric 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBearings are typically used in wind turbines to support shafts and gears that increase rotational speed from a low speed rotor to a higher speed electrical generator. For various bearing applications, condition monitoring using vibration measurements has remained a subject of intense study to the present day since several decades. Various signal processing techniques are used to analyse vibration signals and extract features related to defects. Statistical indicators such as Crest Factor (CF) and Kurtosis (KU) were reported as very sensitive indicators when the presence of the defects is pronounced, whilst their values may come down to the level of undamaged components when the damage is well advanced. Further, these indicators were applied to an acquired data from proposed diagnostic models, test rigs, and instrumentations that were specifically used for particular research tests, and thus, it is essential to undertake further investigations and analysis to assess the influence of other factors such as the structural noise and other operating conditions on the real‐world applications. With this in mind, the present work proposes Signal Intensity Estimator (SIE) as a new technique to discriminate individual types of early natural damage in real‐world wind turbine bearings. Comparative results between SIE and conventional indicators such as KU and CF are also presented. It was concluded that SIE has an advantage over the other fault indicators if sufficient data are provided.
A Silver Service and a Gold Coin
Authors: Walsh Justin St P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:The published history of a set of silver and gold objects acquired by the J. Paul Getty Museum in 1975 contains an unusual reference to a gold coin, supposedly found with the set but not purchased by the museum. The coin, which is both rare and well dated, ostensibly offers a date and location for the ancient deposition of the silver service. Almost five years of research into the stories of the Getty objects and the coin has revealed important information about these particular items, but it also offers a cautionary example for scholars who might hope to reconstruct the find-spot of antiquities that are likely to have been looted.
‘To Beare the Towne Harmles’: Manorial Regulation of Mobility and Settlement in Early Modern Lancashire
Authors: WATSON CHRIS 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article examines the role of manorial courts in early modern Lancashire in the regulation of mobility through order making in relation to inmates. The period under consideration is c. 1550–c. 1660. Four aspects of their operation are considered: the volume of court business dealing with issues of mobility, the quality of court orders regulating it, the place of the manor court in the topography of local governance and aspects of continuity and change in the courts’ functioning in the period. Manorial courts are shown to be active and innovative constituents of the local administrative landscape, exercising a role wider than merely the imposition of seigneurial interest and control.
The Agricultural Credit System in the Ottoman Empire between 1863 and 1888
Authors: DOKUZLU SERTAÇ 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAgricultural credit organisations are paramount to every country because agriculture must operate under threats of risk and uncertainty. When small-scale family farms are dominant, all types of agricultural organisations become important to keep farmers’ incomes at a reasonable level and encourage agricultural development. Midhat Pasha understood the importance of agricultural organisations, and he created a well-designed system for agricultural credit. He is the founder of Homeland Coffers that distribute credits to farmers. The original side of these credit organisations was capital accumulation and the methods of using it. Capital for these Coffers were provided by the joint actions of credit users. Midhat Pasha connected two cooperatives while the production cooperative provided capital for Homeland Coffers, they operated as a credit cooperative for twenty-five years in the Ottoman Empire. This credit organisation helped development of agriculture and provided many social benefits to the rural area.
An annotated dataset of Egyptian fruit bat vocalizations across varying contexts and during vocal ontogeny
Authors: Prat Yosef , Taub Mor , Pratt Ester , Yovel Yossi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnimal acoustic communication research depends on our ability to record the vocal behaviour of different species. Only rarely do we have the opportunity to continuously follow the vocal behaviour of a group of individuals of the same species for a long period of time. Here, we provide a database of Egyptian fruit bat vocalizations, which were continuously recorded in the lab in several groups simultaneously for more than a year. The dataset includes almost 300,000 files, a few seconds each, containing social vocalizations and representing the complete vocal repertoire used by the bats in the experiment period. Around 90,000 files are annotated with details about the individuals involved in the vocal interactions, their behaviours and the context. Moreover, the data include the complete vocal ontogeny of pups, from birth to adulthood, in different conditions (e.g., isolated or in a group). We hope that this comprehensive database will stimulate studies that will enhance our understanding of bat, and mammal, social vocal communication.
Altered activation and connectivity in a hippocampal–basal ganglia–midbrain circuit during salience processing in subjects at ultra high risk for psychosis
Authors: Winton-Brown T , Schmidt A , Roiser J P , Howes O D , Egerton A , Fusar-Poli P , Bunzeck N , Grace A A , Duzel E , Kapur S , McGuire P 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnimal models of psychosis propose that abnormal hippocampal activity drives increased subcortical dopamine function, which is thought to contribute to aberrant salience processing and psychotic symptoms. These effects appear to be mediated through connections between the hippocampus, ventral striatum/pallidum and the midbrain. The aim of the present study was to examine the activity and connectivity in this pathway in people at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare neural responses in a hippocampal–basal ganglia–midbrain network during reward, novelty and aversion processing between 29 UHR subjects and 32 healthy controls. We then investigated whether effective connectivity within this network is perturbed in UHR subjects, using dynamic causal modelling (DCM). Finally, we examined the relationship between alterations in activation and connectivity in the UHR subjects and the severity of their psychotic symptoms. During reward anticipation, UHR subjects showed greater activation than controls in the ventral pallidum bilaterally. There were no differences in activation during novelty or aversion processing. DCM revealed that reward-induced modulation of connectivity from the ventral striatum/pallidum to the midbrain was greater in UHR subjects than controls, and that in UHR subjects, the strength of connectivity in this pathway was correlated with the severity of their abnormal beliefs. In conclusion, ventral striatal/pallidal function is altered in people at UHR for psychosis and this is related to the level of their psychotic symptoms.
Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in a Cohort of Veterans
Authors: Akin Faith W. , Riska Kristal M. , Williams Laura , Rouse Stephanie B. , Murnane Owen D. 
Published: October 2017

Background
The Mountain Home Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center has been diagnosing and treating veterans with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) for almost 2 decades. The clinic protocol includes a 2-week follow-up visit to determine the treatment outcome of the canalith repositioning treatment (CRT). To date, the characteristics of BPPV and treatment efficacy have not been reported in a cohort of veterans with BPPV.

Purpose
To determine the prevalence and characteristics of veterans diagnosed with BPPV in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center Audiology Clinic and to examine treatment outcomes.

Research Design
Retrospective chart review.

Study Sample
A total of 102 veterans who tested positive for BPPV in the Vestibular Clinic at the Mountain Home VA Medical Center from March 2010 to August 2011.

Results

In 102 veterans who were diagnosed with BPPV, the posterior semicircular canal was most often involved (75%), motion-provoked vertigo was the most common symptom (84%), and the majority (43%) were diagnosed with BPPV in their sixth decade. The prevalence of BPPV in the Audiology Vestibular Clinic was 15.6%. Forty-one percent of veterans reported a symptom onset within 12 months of treatment for BPPV; however, 36% reported their symptoms began > 36 months prior to treatment. CRT was effective (negative Dix–Hallpike/roll test) in most veterans (86%) following 1 treatment appointment (
M
= 1.6), but more than half reported incomplete symptom resolution (residual dizziness) at the follow-up appointment. Eighteen percent of veterans experienced a recurrence (
M
= 1.8 years;
SD
= 1.7 years).

Conclusions
The characteristics and treatment outcomes of BPPV in our veteran cohort was similar to what has been reported in the general population. Future work should focus on improving the timeliness of evaluation and treatment of BPPV and examining the time course and management of residual dizziness.
Semantic and Phonological Encoding Times in Adults Who Stutter: Brain Electrophysiological Evidence
Authors: Maxfield Nathan D. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Some psycholinguistic theories of stuttering propose that language production operates along a different time course in adults who stutter (AWS) versus typically fluent adults (TFA). However, behavioral evidence for such a difference has been mixed. Here, the time course of semantic and phonological encoding in picture naming was compared in AWS (
n
= 16) versus TFA (
n
= 16) by measuring 2 event-related potential (ERP) components: NoGo N200, an ERP index of response inhibition, and lateralized readiness potential, an ERP index of response preparation.

Method
Each trial required a semantic judgment about a picture in addition to a phonemic judgment about the target label of the picture. Judgments were mapped onto a dual-choice (Go–NoGo/left–right) push-button response paradigm. On each trial, ERP activity time-locked to picture onset was recorded at 32 scalp electrodes.

Results
NoGo N200 was detected earlier to semantic NoGo trials than to phonemic NoGo trials in both groups, replicating previous evidence that semantic encoding generally precedes phonological encoding in language production. Moreover, N200 onset was earlier to semantic NoGo trials in TFA than in AWS, indicating that semantic information triggering response inhibition became available earlier in TFA versus AWS. In contrast, the time course of N200 activity to phonemic NoGo trials did not differ between groups. Lateralized readiness potential activity was influenced by strategic response preparation and, thus, could not be used to index real-time semantic and phonological encoding.

Conclusion
NoGo N200 results point to slowed semantic encoding in AWS versus TFA. Discussion considers possible factors in slowed semantic encoding in AWS and how fluency might be impacted by slowed semantic encoding.
How African American English-Speaking First Graders Segment and Rhyme Words and Nonwords With Final Consonant Clusters
Authors: Shollenbarger Amy J. , Robinson Gregory C. , Taran Valentina , Choi Seo-eun 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This study explored how typically developing 1st grade African American English (AAE) speakers differ from mainstream American English (MAE) speakers in the completion of 2 common phonological awareness tasks (rhyming and phoneme segmentation) when the stimulus items were consonant–vowel–consonant–consonant (CVCC) words and nonwords.

Method
Forty-nine 1st graders met criteria for 2 dialect groups: AAE and MAE. Three conditions were tested in each rhyme and segmentation task: Real Words No Model, Real Words With a Model, and Nonwords With a Model.

Results
The AAE group had significantly more responses that rhymed CVCC words with consonant–vowel–consonant words and segmented CVCC words as consonant–vowel–consonant than the MAE group across all experimental conditions. In the rhyming task, the presence of a model in the real word condition elicited more reduced final cluster responses for both groups. In the segmentation task, the MAE group was at ceiling, so only the AAE group changed across the different stimulus presentations and reduced the final cluster less often when given a model.

Conclusion
Rhyming and phoneme segmentation performance can be influenced by a child's dialect when CVCC words are used.
The Oral Narrative Comprehension and Production Abilities of Verbal Preschoolers on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Westerveld Marleen F. , Roberts Jacqueline M. A. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This study described the oral narrative comprehension and production skills of verbal preschool-age children on the autism spectrum and investigated correlations between oral narrative ability and norm-referenced language test performance.

Method
Twenty-nine preschool-age children (aged 4;0–5;9 years;months) with autism, who obtained an age-equivalent score of at least 36 months on the expressive communication subscale of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–Second Edition (Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Balla, 2005), participated. Children listened to an unfamiliar fictional narrative and answered comprehension questions afterward. After listening to the narrative a second time, children were asked to retell the narrative without picture support. Narratives were transcribed and analyzed for length, semantic diversity, grammatical complexity and accuracy, intelligibility, inclusion of critical events, and narrative stage.

Results
All children participated in the comprehension task, and 19 children produced an analyzable narrative retell. Compared with published data on typically developing children, significant difficulties were observed in narrative comprehension, intelligibility, and grammatical accuracy. Most of the children told descriptive or action sequences, with only 1 child producing an abbreviated episode. Significant positive correlations were found (a) between performance on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition (Dunn & Dunn, 2007) and semantic diversity and narrative comprehension and (b) between parent-reported receptive communication competence (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–Second Edition) and narrative comprehension.

Conclusions
This study provides preliminary evidence of specific difficulties in oral narrative comprehension and production skills in verbal preschoolers on the autism spectrum.
Emergent Literacy Skills in Preschool Children With Hearing Loss Who Use Spoken Language: Initial Findings From the Early Language and Literacy Acquisition (ELLA) Study
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare change in emergent literacy skills of preschool children with and without hearing loss over a 6-month period.

Method
Participants included 19 children with hearing loss and 14 children with normal hearing. Children with hearing loss used amplification and spoken language. Participants completed measures of oral language, phonological processing, and print knowledge twice at a 6-month interval. A series of repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to compare change across groups.

Results
Main effects of time were observed for all variables except phonological recoding. Main effects of group were observed for vocabulary, morphosyntax, phonological memory, and concepts of print. Interaction effects were observed for phonological awareness and concepts of print.

Conclusions
Children with hearing loss performed more poorly than children with normal hearing on measures of oral language, phonological memory, and conceptual print knowledge. Two interaction effects were present. For phonological awareness and concepts of print, children with hearing loss demonstrated less positive change than children with normal hearing. Although children with hearing loss generally demonstrated a positive growth in emergent literacy skills, their initial performance was lower than that of children with normal hearing, and rates of change were not sufficient to catch up to the peers over time.
Host-derived fatty acids activate type VII secretion inStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lopez Michael S. , Tan Irene S. , Yan Donghong , Kang Jing , McCreary Mark , Modrusan Zora , Austin Cary D. , Xu Min , Brown Eric J. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceStaphylococcus aureusis one of the most adaptable and prolific human pathogens, and it employs an arsenal of virulence factors to infect blood, bone, and soft tissues. The type VII secretion system (T7SS) is a dedicated virulence protein-secretion pathway that enables long-term survival of the bacteria in abscesses, where they are protected from host immune cells. Here we report that host-derived fatty acids are incorporated into theS.aureusmembrane, altering bacterial membrane properties and activating the expression of the T7SS. Thus, this work identifies a mechanism by which an important human pathogen senses unique elements of the host environment and implements the expression of specific genes that enable bacterial survival and thereby promote human disease.
Short- and long-term effects of imprisonment on future felony convictions and prison admissions
Authors: Harding David J. , Morenoff Jeffrey D. , Nguyen Anh P. , Bushway Shawn D. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Between the 1970s and the late 2000s, the United States experienced an enormous rise in incarceration, a substantial portion of which was caused by high rates of return to prison among those previously incarcerated. This study shows that such returns are primarily a product of postprison community supervision rather than criminogenic effects of imprisonment, as many individuals sentenced to prison become trapped in the escalating surveillance and punishment of the criminal justice system. In other words, the rise in incarceration in the United States in the late 20th and early 21st centuries was in part a self-perpetuating process resulting from the workings of the criminal justice system itself.
Phenotypic variation explains food web structural patterns
Authors: Gibert Jean P. , DeLong John P. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Understanding food web structure—networks of species and their feeding interactions—is central to predicting how ecosystems may respond to climate change. Feeding interactions are often determined by the traits individuals have, but how the effects of such traits and their intraspecific variation scale up from individuals to food webs is not known. Here, we use mathematical models to show that trait variation influences predator connectivity and trophic level within food webs. By doing so, we predict the occurrence of important structural features in food webs, and we confirm these predictions using a large global dataset of the best-resolved available food webs.
Tree genetics defines fungal partner communities that may confer drought tolerance
Authors: Gehring Catherine A. , Sthultz Christopher M. , Flores-Rentería Lluvia , Whipple Amy V. , Whitham Thomas G. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Soil microbes influence plant performance and may be critical to the persistence of some plants with climate change. However, microbes are highly diverse, and individuals of the same plant species often associate with different microbes. We examined the importance of soil microbes to the growth and survival of a widespread pine under drought conditions. We found that specific beneficial fungus–host genotype combinations promoted drought tolerance in field and greenhouse studies. Drought tolerance, and associations with particular fungi, were passed from mother trees to their offspring, indicating the traits are genetic. These results demonstrate the interlinked importance of the genetics of a tree and its microbiome, which can be used to restore forest losses resulting from drought.
Motor origin of temporal predictions in auditory attention
Authors: Morillon Benjamin , Baillet Sylvain 
Published: October 2017

Significance
How the motor system participates in auditory perception is unknown. In a magnetoencephalography experiment involving auditory temporal attention, we show that the left sensorimotor cortex encodes temporal predictions, which drive the precise temporal anticipation of forthcoming sensory inputs. This encoding is associated with bursts of beta (18–24 Hz) neural oscillations that are directed toward auditory regions. Our data also show that the production of overt movements improves the quality of temporal predictions and augments auditory task performance. These behavioral changes are associated with increased signaling of temporal predictions in right-lateralized frontoparietal associative regions. This study points at a covert form of auditory active sensing, and emphasizes the fundamental role of motor brain areas and actual motor behavior in sensory processing.
Temporal calcium profiling of specific circadian neurons in freely moving flies
Authors: Guo Fang , Chen Xiao , Rosbash Michael 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Monitoring neuronal activity in freely moving, behaving animals is a holy grail of neuroscience. Here we present a noninvasive tool that links the calcium profiles of specific fly neurons to real-time behavior. Optogenetic manipulation of two groups of circadian neurons indicates that they drive sleep or locomotor activity. The two calcium patterns are also distinct and couple well to the sleep/activity phases of fly behavior. The sleep-promoting neurons appear more active when the flies initiate daytime sleep, whereas the activity-promoting neurons appear to fire more strongly coincident with the evening locomotor activity peak. This new approach is complementary to electrophysiological recording and GCaMP imaging, especially for small organisms and behavorial paradigms for which these more traditional methods are not practical.
High-intensity urban light installation dramatically alters nocturnal bird migration
Authors: Van Doren Benjamin M. , Horton Kyle G. , Dokter Adriaan M. , Klinck Holger , Elbin Susan B. , Farnsworth Andrew 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Artificial light at night is a novel stimulus in the evolutionary history of nocturnal animals. Light pollution can significantly alter these organisms’ behaviors, from migration to foraging to vocal communication. Nocturnally migrating birds are particularly susceptible to artificial light because of adaptations and requirements for navigating and orienting in darkness. However, light’s effects on in-flight behaviors have not been well quantified, especially in urbanized environments. Here we report that an iconic urban light installation dramatically altered multiple behaviors of nocturnally migrating birds—but these effects disappeared when lights were extinguished. We recommend selective removal of light pollution during nights with substantial bird migration to mitigate negative effects on birds, in particular collisions with lighted structures.