bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Short-Term Effect of Kettlebell Swings on Lumbopelvic Pressure Pain Thresholds: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Keilman Brandon M. , Hanney William J. , Kolber Morey J. , Pabian Patrick S. , Salamh Paul A. , Rothschild Carey E. , Liu Xinliang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Keilman, BM, Hanney, WJ, Kolber, MJ, Pabian, PS, Salamh, PA, Rothschild, CE, and Liu, X. The short-term effect of kettlebell swings on lumbopelvic pressure pain thresholds: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3001–3009, 2017—The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of kettlebell swings (KBSs) on lumbopelvic pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in healthy adults. Sixty participants (male = 23, female = 37, mean age = 25.12 ± 2.86 years, height = 170.73 ± 9.2 cm, mass = 70.49 ± 13.32 kg) were randomized into one of 2 groups. The experimental group performed a warm-up followed by 8 consecutive 20-second rounds of KBS with 10-second rest periods. The control group performed the warm-up alone. An evaluator blinded to group assignment, assessed PPTs immediately before and after the intervention using a handheld pressure algometer. The algometer was applied to the regions of the right paravertebral (PVM), quadratus lumborum (QL), and piriformis (PF) muscles perpendicular to the skin based on standardized palpation procedures. The participants were instructed to report when sensation changed from “comfortable pressure” to “slightly unpleasant pain.” No significant group differences existed at baseline for PPTs (PVM p = 0.068; QL p = 0.134, & PF p = 0.105). Significant group by time interactions existed for each site after the interventions (PVM, p = 0.018; QL, p = 0.004; PF, p = 0.026) favoring the KBS group. Results suggest that KBSs create a reduction in muscle sensitivity to noxious pressure based on pressure algometry measurements. These findings may be due to the unique cyclic muscle contraction associated with KBSs, which has been proposed to facilitate removal of muscle metabolites. The findings of this study provide a foundation for future studies to examine the use of this type of training in patients with low back pain of a muscular etiology or postexercise muscle soreness. Furthermore, future studies should evaluate specific mechanisms for these effects.
The Views of University Students Regarding Entrepreneurship
Authors: Aslan Sevda 
Published: December 2016

In this study, it is aimed to determine the views of university students regarding entrepreneurship. The participants of this study consisted of 101 4th year students studying at Kırıkkale University Faculty of Arts and Science. In this study, Students’ Views Regarding Entrepreneurship Form were developed by the researcher in order to determine the views of students. According the findings of this research; work to realize his/her own beliefs rather than following what others say, work to produce new and out-of-the-ordinary products and be able to express him/herself effectively. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer-review under responsibility of Academic World Education and Research Center.Keywords: University; entrepreneurship; student views
DETERMINING WORRIES OF FINAL YEAR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS ABOUT FINDING JOBS: TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS (TRNC) AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: Suzek Birkollu Sibel , Ekizoglu Nihat 
Published: December 2016

Today the problem of â€œyouth unemploymentâ€ is not only one of the most important problems in developing countries such as TRNC, but also it is a significant problem in the developed western nations. Determining the reasons that lead into anxiety in undergraduate students about finding jobs will be the initial step to solve this problem. In this regard, the aim of this study is to determine the opinions and identify worries of the final year undergraduate students about finding jobs. In this study the data were obtained by asking hundred final year undergraduate students at one of the private universities in TRNC to write a composition and by using face to face meeting technique. The obtained data were examined and interpreted depending on the descriptive analysis method by thematic approach.The opinions of the students on several different aspects, including their reasons for choosing their undergraduate programme of study, their expectations from their programme of study, whether they want to study another degree or not instead of their current programme of study, the quality of the education that they are provided, their worries about finding jobs and their job visions are involved in this study. According to the data obtained as a result of this study, the level of the anxiety of the final year undergraduate students about finding jobs is high and the reasons of the anxiety include financial difficulties, the quality of the provided education, presence of a considerable number of unemployed graduates and the problems related to their programme of study.
Keywords: TRNC, unemployment, worries about finding jobs, reasons for unemployment, education
Inclusive Teaching-Learning Strategies to Meet Academic Needs of Learners with Special Needs in Kenya (A Case of Kakamega East Sub-county)
Authors: Tsisindu Otundo Denis , Joel Okutoyi , Edward Khasakhala 
Published: December 2016

<div><p><em>The national education system has been characterised by inadequate educational management practices and facilities that do not respond well to the challenges faced by Learners with Special Needs (LWSNs). These learners are gradually and deliberately pushed out of the school system because schools are not sensitive to their learning styles and background. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the extent to which inclusive teaching-learning strategies were employed to meet academic needs of learners with special needs in public primary schools in Kakamega East Sub-county. The study objective was to; determine the extent to which the teaching and learning strategies were employed to meet the academic needs of learners with special needs in primary schools. The study was based on the theory of Normalisation and it made use of the descriptive survey research design. The target population was 90 head teachers, 999 teachers and one Educational Assessment and Resource Centre (EARC) coordinator. </em><em>The schools were stratified according to zones</em><em> and simple random sampling was used to select, 18 head teachers and 200 teachers, while the EARC coordinator was selected by the purposive sampling technique. Instruments for data collection were the questionnaires, interview schedules and document analysis. Content validity was used to determine the validity of the research instruments while the test-re-test method was used to test reliability using the Pearson Product moment of correlation coefficient (r) value. Data was then analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics and the results were presented in form of frequency tables. The research findings revealed that teachers</em><em> lack relevant skills to meet the academic needs of LWSNs and they rarely address learners’ needs through the individualised education programmes (IEP)</em><em>. The researcher recommended that regular inspections should be carried out in schools as a follow up measure of ensuring that inclusive education and its management practices are implemented to the latter. Teachers who are not trained in special needs education (SNE) should be given an opportunity to undergo training so as to equip them with the necessary skills and attitudes towards LWSNs. IEP need to be developed for every learner with specialneeds in learning, learners with special needs need to be involved in class activities. </em></p></div>
What If the Cleft Child is Yours?
Authors: Wahlang Hazel Berret 
Published: December 2016

<div><p><em>Every 3 minutes, a child is born with a cleft lip or cleft palate and make the child to suffer from hunger and thirst, difficulty with speech and social stigma (Operation Smile, n.d.). Yes, Cleft (lip/palate)<strong> </strong>is usually accompanied with stigma from the society especially when they lack information about it. When a baby is born into the world the whole family rejoices but in the case of the cleft (lip/palate)<strong> </strong>child the parents end up in shock and sadness. It even makes the parents and their families think that having a cleft child is a curse in itself. One of the factors that the parents’ of cleft (lip/palate) child limit themselves from taking their cleft (lip/palate) child to social gathering as they are scared that the society may have a negative attitude towards them. Assumptions about its cause make the parents difficult to adjust to the situation. People would talk behind them discussing about the cause of cleft (lip/palate)<strong> </strong>saying that their parents did something wrong that is the reason why their cleft child is the consequence.</em> <em>Twelve year old twins from a small state (Meghalaya) in India do not want to go to school or play with the other children because they were named as daughters of the devil and ugly simply because they were born with a cleft lip. </em></p></div>
The Impact of Vapor/Liquid-Equilibria Calculations on Scale-Prediction Modeling
Authors: Ribeiro Ayrton S. , Silva Duarte , Mackay Eric J. , Sorbie Ken 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Vapor/liquid-equilibria (VLE) calculations, particularly involving the phase behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are used in scale-prediction modeling. In this work, the impact of VLE calculations for CO2- and H2S-rich gas phases and for acid- and sour-gas mixtures on scale-prediction calculations is evaluated.
Three equations of state (EOSs)—Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) (Soave 1972), Peng-Robinson (PR) (Peng and Robinson 1976), and Valderrama-Patel-Teja (VPT) (Valderrama 1990)—are implemented in the Heriot-Watt model and used in VLE calculations. The solubility of single-component CO2 and H2S in water and the solubility of a gas mixture in water were compared with experimental data in terms of the absolute relative deviation (ARD). The solubility data were then used in PHREEQC (USGS 2016) to calculate the impact of using different EOSs on carbonate and sulfide scales, particularly on calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and iron sulfide (FeS).
Average ARDs of 6.04, 4.10, and 3.77% between experimental and calculated values for CO2 solubility in water were obtained for the SRK, PR, and VPT EOSs, respectively. Similarly, for H2S solubility in water, average ARDs of 6.49, 6.66, and 6.48% were obtained for each EOS, respectively. For the solubility of sour- and acid-gas mixtures in water, average ARDs of 13.92, 13.25, and 10.78% were obtained, respectively. It has thus been concluded that the VPT EOS performs better than the SRK and PR EOSs in VLE calculations for the analyzed data.
The errors introduced in VLE calculations have been found to impact the calculation of the amount of CaCO3 precipitated, with consequences for scale-inhibitor selection. Higher deviations were found in the amount of CaCO3 precipitation for gas mixtures when compared with a single-component, CO2-rich phase. Furthermore, the large errors occurring in VLE calculations for H2S solubility have not been found to impact the calculation of the amount of FeS precipitated when H2S is in excess with respect to Fe2+. In addition to this, a case study that was performed by use of formation-water data from the Brazilian presalt revealed that the choice of EOS can cause errors of 6 kg of precipitate during each day of production.
Scale-prediction calculations carried out with PHREEQC demonstrate that VLE calculations can have a high impact on mineral precipitation. Thus, it is recommended that the best VLE model available should always be used for scale-prediction modeling, particularly when mixtures of gases are present.
Productivity Index for Arbitrary Well Trajectories in Laterally Isotropic, Spatially Anisotropic Porous Media
Authors: Johansen Thormod E. , Hender Donald G. , James Lesley A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryFor an anisotropic medium, the permeability is a second-order tensor. As such, permeability is an entity that is dependent upon the coordinate system used to describe the flow quantitatively, although the flow itself is independent of this system. In particular, this means that when a well is producing fluids from a porous medium, the coordinate system must be specified for descriptive purposes and, consequently, the permeability tensor relative to that coordinate system is determined. It is impossible to simultaneously align a 3D orthonormal coordinate system and a cylindrical well segment defined by a single axis except for special cases. Because the permeability tensor will introduce different formulations depending on the defined coordinate system, its complexity will vary accordingly. The objective of this paper is to define an optimal coordinate system with respect to the simplicity of the flow description into the well with an arbitrary trajectory for the special situation of a laterally isotropic, spatially anisotropic medium. The derivation for this optimization strategy is dependent on a sequence of flow-rate-preserving geometric transformations. The resulting virtual medium has isotropic attributes in the transformed 2D plane. Under this transform, known closed-form models are applicable by use of a single permeability value.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Association in Genetically Modified Drought‐Tolerant Corn
Authors: Colombo Roxana P. , Ibarra José G. , Bidondo Laura Fernandez , Silvani Vanesa A. , Bompadre María J. , Pergola Mariana , Lopez Nancy I. , Godeas Alicia M. 
Published: December 2016

The commercial use of genetically modified (GM) plants has significantly increased worldwide. The interactions between GM plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are of considerable importance given the agricultural and ecological role of AM and the lack of knowledge regarding potential effects of drought‐tolerant GM corn (Zea mays L.) on AM fungal symbiosis. This work studied AM fungal colonization in five corn lines growing under two different irrigation regimes (30 and 100% of soil field capacity [SFC]). Four of the lines were GM corn, and two of these were drought tolerant. The experiment was conducted for 60 d in a growth chamber under constant irrigation, after which mycorrhization, corn biomass, and days to plant senescence (DTS) were evaluated. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species of the order Diversisporales were predominant in the soil inocula. At the end of the experiment, all plants showed AM colonization. Mycorrhization was higher at 30% SFC than at 100% SFC. Within the same corn line, the AM fungi produced more vesicles in plant roots under drought stress. Among treatments, DTS varied significantly, and drought‐tolerant GM corn lines survived longer than the wild‐type corn when maintained at 100% SFC. Corn biomass did not vary among treatments, and no correlations were found between DTS or biomass and mycorrhization. We conclude that overexpression of the Hahb‐4 gene in corn plants under the experimental conditions of this study did not affect AM fungal infectivity and improved the tolerance of the corn to drought stress.Core Ideas
The impact of genetically modified corn on mycorrhization was tested.
Mycorrhizal colonization was higher under drought‐stress conditions.
Corn biomass and days to senescence were not negatively affected by drought.
The transgenic lines tested did not affect the establishment of symbiosis.
Spatiotemporal Assessment of Forest Biomass Carbon Sinks: The Relative Roles of Forest Expansion and Growth in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Li Renqiang , Zhao Shujie , Zhao Haifeng , Xu Ming , Zhang Liyun , Wen Hui , Sheng Qingkai 
Published: December 2016

Spatiotemporal patterns of forest carbon (C) sinks and accurate estimation of such patterns are crucial to sustainable forest management. We combined individual tree biomass equations and a Random Forest algorithm to assess the spatiotemporal changes in biomass C sequestration and to further quantify the relative contributions of forest areal expansion and growth to biomass C sinks in Sichuan Province, China, over the past 25 yr. Forest area and average biomass C density increased from 10.5 million ha and 45.7 Mg C ha−1 in 1988 to 14.2 million ha and 52.3 Mg C ha−1 in 2012. Average C density was generally larger in the north and west of Sichuan Province compared with other regions. The expanded forest area and enhanced C density have jointly led to a rise in total C storage by 54.9% over this period in Sichuan Province. It was estimated that the forest areal expansion has been a larger contributor to C sinks than forest growth in Sichuan Province (69 vs. 31%), especially in the regions of the northwestern high mountains and the hilly country of the Sichuan basin. However, the relative contributions of areal expansion exhibited different trends in five subregions and 15 forest species groups in this province. Our study suggests that it is necessary to develop a new forestry management mode to maintain the long‐term health of forest ecosystems in Sichuan Province, which should attach more importance to improving forest quality and selecting tree species in different subregions while increasing forested area in the future.Core Ideas
Accurate estimation of spatiotemporal patterns of forest C sinks is crucial to sustainable forest management.
We integrated individual tree biomass equations and a random forest algorithm.
A spatially explicit map of C density allows comparisons among different subregions.
We quantified the relative contributions of forest expansion and growth to biomass C sinks.
A new forestry mode is needed to maintain the long‐term health of forest ecosystems in Sichuan Province.
Muscle contraction: Sliding filament history, sarcomere dynamics and the two Huxleys
Authors: Squire John M 
Published: December 2016

Despite having all the evidence needed to come to the right conclusions in the middle of the 1800s, it was not until the 1950s that it was realised by two unrelated Huxleys and their collaborators that striated muscle sarcomeres contain overlapping sets of filaments which do not change much in length and which slide past each other when the muscle sarcomere shortens. It then took quite a while to convince others that this was the case, but now the idea of sliding filaments is fundamental to our understanding of how any muscle works. Here a brief overview of the history of the discovery of sliding filaments and the factors that were missed in the 1800s is followed by an analysis of the more recent experiments which have added to the conviction that all muscles operate on the same guiding principles; two sets of sliding filaments, independent force generators and a mechanism of protein rowing that makes the filaments slide.
African leaders take action on RHD: The 4th All-Africa Workshop on Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease & African Union RHD Communiqué
Authors: Nulu Shanti , Neely Robert C , Tawakol Zeina , Yacoub Magdi 
Published: December 2016

The 4th All-Africa Workshop on Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) was held in Addis Ababa from March 4-6, 2016, hosted by the Pan-African Society of Cardiology (PASCAR) and the African Union Commission (AUC). This was a conference of expert cardiologists and cardiac surgeons who are leading RHD efforts, and included delegates from 22 African countries (Figure 1). There were also representatives from major international stakeholders, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Heart Federation (WHF), as well as the philanthropic arms of the Novartis and Medtronic, both of which have active programs targeting RHD.
Juxtaposition of the atrial appendages: A nidus for thrombus in atriopulmonary Fontan?
Authors: Spadotto Veronica , Voges Inga , Kilner Philip J , Yacoub Magdi H , Ernst Sabine , Ho Siew Yen , Babu-Narayan Sonya V 
Published: December 2016

Juxtaposition of atrial appendages is a rare cardiac congenital anomaly, usually associated with other cardiac malformations. Until now, it has not been linked to any significant clinical implications. We report cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) findings of two adult patients who underwent atriopulmonary Fontan operation in the setting of left juxtaposition of the atrial appendages. The patients were in sinus rhythm at the time of the CMR study. Both patients had episodes of sustained atrial tachyarrhythmia requiring electrical cardioversion and were anticoagulated with warfarin with target INR 2-3. CMR images showed a thrombus located in the enlarged and juxtaposed right appendage in both patients. Blood flow frequently appears slow or sluggish in the dilated right atrium following atriopulmonary Fontan surgery. In addition, cine CMR suggested that blood flow reaches very low velocities in the massively dilated juxtaposed right atrial appendage cul-de-sac, thus potentially creating a substrate for clot formation. These findings propose that juxtaposed atrial appendages in atriopulmonary Fontan is an additional risk factor for clot formation, specifically in the dilated right atrial appendage on the left side juxtaposed with the left atrial appendage and that prophylactic anticoagulation is highly justified in these patients.
Knitting for heart valve tissue engineering
Authors: Liberski Albert , Ayad Nadia , Wojciechowska Dorota , Zielińska Dorota , Struszczyk Marcin H , Latif Najma , Yacoub Magdi 
Published: December 2016

Knitting is a versatile technology which offers a large portfolio of products and solutions of interest in heart valve (HV) tissue engineering (TE). One of the main advantages of knitting is its ability to construct complex shapes and structures by precisely assembling the yarns in the desired position. With this in mind, knitting could be employed to construct a HV scaffold that closely resembles the authentic valve. This has the potential to reproduce the anisotropic structure that is characteristic of the heart valve with the yarns, in particular the 3-layered architecture of the leaflets. These yarns can provide oriented growth of cells lengthwise and consequently enable the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in an oriented manner. This technique, therefore, has a potential to provide a functional knitted scaffold, but to achieve that textile engineers need to gain a basic understanding of structural and mechanical aspects of the heart valve and in addition, tissue engineers must acquire the knowledge of tools and capacities that are essential in knitting technology. The aim of this review is to provide a platform to consolidate these two fields as well as to enable an efficient communication and cooperation among these two research areas.