bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antioxidant properties of Ce-containing bioactive glass nanoparticles explained by Molecular Dynamics simulations
Authors: Pedone Alfonso , Muniz-Miranda Francesco , Tilocca Antonio , Menziani Maria Cristina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations of two glass nanoparticles with composition 25Na2O·25CaO 50SiO2 mol% (Ce-K NP) and 46.1SiO2·24.4Na2O·26.9CaO· 2.6P2O5 mol.% (Ce-BG NP) doped with 3.6 mol% of CeO2 have been carried out in order to explain the enhanced antioxidant properties of the former glass with respect to the latter.The present models show that the different catalase mimetic activity of the two NPs is related to the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio exposed at their surface. In fact, this ratio is about 3.5 and 13 in the bulk and at the surface of the Ce-BG NP, and 1.0 and 2.1 in the bulk and at the surface of the Ce-K NPs, respectively. Since both oxidation states are necessary for the catalysis of the dismutation reaction of hydrogen peroxides, NPs with a very high Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio possess poorer antioxidant properties.Moreover, our simulations reveal that the already low silicate connectivity found in the bulk glasses examined here is further reduced on the nanoparticle surface, whereas the Na+/Ca2+ ratio rapidly increases. Sodium, calcium and cerium sites in proximity of the surface are found to be under-coordinated, prone to quickly react with water present in physiological environments, thus accelerating the glass biodegradation
Incorporation of particulate bioactive glasses into a dental root canal sealer
Authors: Heid Susanne , Stoessel Philipp R. , Tauböck Tobias T. , Stark Wendelin J. , Zehnder Matthias , Mohn Dirk 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFlame spray synthesis has opened the possibility to add additional elements to complex materials such as bioactive glasseswhile maintaining nanoparticulate properties. In this study, it was investigated whether a flamesprayed bismuth oxide doped nanometric 45S5 bioactive glass could be incorporated into a commercially available epoxy-resin root canal sealer, and how this compared to a conventional, pure 45S5 micrometric bioactive glass. Effects on radiopacity, microhardness, pH and mineral induction in phosphate buffered saline and simulated body fluid were studied. It was revealed that the radiopaque nanometric bismuth-containing 45S5 bioactive glass reduced radiopacity of the root canal sealer less than a conventional micrometric counterpart. In addition, pH induction and calcium phosphate precipitation were quicker with the nanometric compared to the micrometric material, whilst the micrometric glass displayed a higher alkaline capacity. Both materials apparently bound to the epoxy resin matrix, thus increasing its microhardness after polymerization reaction. Effects were dose-dependent. The investigated radiopaque bioactive glass containing bismuth oxide could be a valuable add-on for current root canal sealers.
Optimization of the laccase detoxification step in hybrid hydrolysis and fermentation processes from wheat straw by K. marxianus CECT 10875
Authors: Oliva-Taravilla Alfredo , Tomás-Pejó Elia , Demuez Marie , González-Fernández Cristina , Ballesteros Mercedes 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe addition of laccase enzymes reduces the amount of phenols present in lignocellulosic pretreated materials and increases their fermentability. However, laccase addition in combination with cellulases reduces hydrolysis yields. In this work, hybrid hydrolysis and fermentation (HHF) configuration allowed overcoming the negative effect of laccase treatment on enzymatic hydrolysis. Furthermore, the effects of different laccase dosages, length of detoxification time and inoculum size on ethanol production were evaluated. In the evaluated configurations, the different laccase dosages did not show any significant effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. The lowest laccase dosage (0.5 IU/g DW) removed ~70% of total phenols which was enough to reach the highest ethanol production yields (~10 g/L) using K. marxianus CECT 10875. Shorter detoxification times and larger inoculum sizes had a positive impact on both ethanol production and volumetric productivity. These optimal detoxification conditions enable the fermentation of inhibitory slurries by reducing the overall time and cost of the process.
Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.
Authors: Nawawi Deded Sarip , Syafii Wasrin , Akiyama Takuya , Matsumoto Yuji 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Gnetum gnemon L. is a unique gymnosperm species showing angiosperm-like features in terms of its morphology and chemical composition of the cell wall. Xylan is the main hemicellulose component, and its lignin is primarily composed of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units and small amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. In the present study, in addition to branch, root, bark, and leaf samples, the reaction wood (RW) taken from the leaning stem of G. gnemon, was investigated mainly by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, ozonation and NMR spectroscopy. The leaning stem was wider on the lower side of the wood stem (lsW) than on the upper side (usW), similar to the case for compression wood (CW) in gymnosperms. The usW contained lignin with a higher S/G ratio, and β-O-4 structure had a higher erythro/threo ratio, while both ratios decreased around the periphery of the stem towards the lsW. The lignin content was higher towards the lsW. Overall, the lignin composition in the RW of this tree was similar to that in the tension wood of angiosperms. The H-units were minor components in the lignin, but the content was higher towards the lsW, which resembles the distribution of the H-units in a gymnosperm CW.
How the Kenyan runner’s body structure affects sports results
Authors: Eksterowicz Jerzy , Napierała Marek , Żukow Walery 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the dependency between somatic parameters of selected Kenyan marathon runners and results achieved in long-distance runs (marathon, half-marathon, 10,000 meters).MethodsThe research study was conducted on a sample of 9 top-level long-distance Kenyan runners whose results in Poland correspond to International Masterclass. All runners’ (mean ± SD) age: 23.67 ± 4.41 years, weight: 55.98 ± 4.84 kg, height: 169.18 cm ± 4.15cm. All participants had their anthropometric measurements taken: length, width, size and sum of three skin-folds. Having taken those anthropometric measurements, Body Mass Index (BMI), Arm Muscle Circumference (AMC), Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR), body mass and body fat (FM) (%), fat free mass (FFM) were calculated using the Durnin-Womersley method.Results and conclusionsSignificant relations (significant correlation, important dependency) were observed in dependency between 10,000 meters results and the foot breadth (<i>r</i> = 0.765) and torso length (<i>r</i> = 0.755). Similar relationships occurred between marathon results and the arm length (<i>r</i> = 0.73), forearm length (<i>r</i> = 0.75) and hip width (<i>r</i> = 0.77).
PID Controller Design Based on Global Optimization Technique with Additional Constraints
Authors: Ozana Stepan , Docekal Tomas 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper deals with design of PID controller with the use of methods of global optimization implemented in Matlab environment and Optimization Toolbox. It is based on minimization of a chosen integral criterion with respect to additional requirements on control quality such as overshoot, phase margin and limits for manipulated value. The objective function also respects user-defined weigh coefficients for its particular terms for a different penalization of individual requirements that often clash each other such as for example overshoot and phase margin. The described solution is designated for continuous linear time-invariant static systems up to 4th order and thus efficient for the most of real control processes in practice.
Codegrees and nilpotence class of p-groups
Authors: Du Ni , Lewis Mark L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
If χ is an irreducible character of a finite group G, then the codegree of χ is

|
G
:
ker

(
χ
)

|
/
χ

(
1
)

${|G:{\rm ker}(\chi)|/\chi(1)}$

.
We show that if G is a p-group, then the nilpotence class of G is bounded in terms of the largest codegree for an irreducible character of G.
On finite 2-equilibrated p-groups
Authors: Wang Jiao , Guo Xiuyun 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A finite group G is said to be n-equilibrated if,
for all subgroups H and K of G with

d
⁢

(
H
)

≥
n

${d(H)\geq n}$

and

d
⁢

(
K
)

≥
n

${d(K)\geq n}$

, either

H
≤

N
G

⁢

(
K
)

${H\leq N_{G}(K)}$

or

K
≤

N
G

⁢

(
H
)

${K\leq N_{G}(H)}$

. In this paper, we
investigate the structure of finite 2-equilibrated p-groups G.
We provide a complete classification of such groups when G is
2-generator. If G is 3-generator, we prove that G has a
normal metacyclic subgroup N such that

G
/
N

${G/N}$

is cyclic and, if G
has at least four generators, we prove that G is modular and

G
′

≤

〈
x
〉

${G^{\prime}\leq\langle x\rangle}$

for any element x in G with

o
⁢

(
x
)

=

exp
⁡

(
G
)

${o(x)=\exp(G)}$

.
The Protection of Holy Places
Authors: Sapir Gideon , Statman Daniel 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Holy places are protected by the law, but the rationale for this protection has received little attention. The purpose of our paper is to fill this gap. The natural explanation for this protection lies in terms of religious freedom. However, since this freedom is violated only when believers are required to actively act against the dictates of their religion, this notion is of no help in the present context. Even when holy places serve as sites for worship, there is usually no religious duty to carry out worship there. Another explanation would base the protection of holy places on the prohibition against hurting religious feelings. But while this looks promising when the desecration is intentional, it is less so when the desecration or the hurt are incidental. Finally, the protection of holy places is sometimes understood as a way of preserving “cultural heritage.” But many holy sites do not fall under this definition and still enjoy protection. Our tentative conclusion is that holy places do not enjoy automatic protection just because they are perceived as such by some religious group. This protection must be earned by arguments that would establish the (“objective”) holiness of the relevant site within some religious tradition, explain the exact nature of the harm or offense that is the matter of concern, and demonstrate why the believers’ interests regarding the perceived holy place override those of the public.
Acoustic Correlates of Emphatic Sounds in Palestinian Arabic-speaking Persons with Aphasia
Authors: Al-Adam Hisham 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the acoustic characteristics of the emphatic sounds as produced by Palestinian Arabic-speaking persons diagnosed with Broca’s aphasia as compared to normal speakers.
Method: The acoustic correlates of emphasis in Palestinian Arabic using measurements of voice onset time (VOT), frequency values of F1 and F2 formants, and duration of vowel were investigated. Four subjects diagnosed with Broca’s aphasia and four normal speakers residing in the West Bank participated in this study. The emphatic stop /t¯/ and its plain counterpart /t/ in initial positions presented in monosyllabic words were investigated. The target stops were followed immediately by the vowels /a/, /u/, and /i/. The speech samples were analyzed using PRAAT and Phono lab speech analysis software,. F1 and F2 formants were measured and compared with the data in the literature.
Results: The acoustic measurements of the target vowels demonstrated an increase in F1 and a decrease in F2 formant in case of emphatic sounds compared to the plain one. Lowering of F2 formant was found to be a reliable acoustic cue of emphatic sounds. However, F2 formant was generally higher among subjects with Broca’s aphasia compared to the control group. The results also revealed that subjects with Broca’s aphasia were unable to maintain the acoustic distinction between the emphatic sounds and their plain counterparts.
Conclusion: The VOT value of the emphatic voiceless stop /t¯/ was significantly shorter than that of its plain counterpart /t/ as demonstrated by both the normal speakers and the subjects with Broca’s aphasia. The articulatory complexity of the emphatic sounds and therefore the deviated patterns in subjects with Broca’s aphasia might suggest motor programming and motor planning deficits.
‘it’s not written on parchment but it’s the way to survive’: Official and unofficial use of languages in MNCs
Authors: Machili Ifigeneia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The globalization of economic activity and the escalating economic crisis impact on the expansion and shrinking of businesses along with their management of human resources and language management strategies. Struggling to remain competitive and survive, businesses resort to a range of language policies when employees make their own everyday language choices, a divergence that is worth investigating. Against this backdrop, this paper takes a mixed method approach and reports on the official and unofficial uses of English as a lingua franca and Greek as the local language in multinational corporations in Greece. According to the analysis, language choice is negotiated locally and strategically to the fallout of the economic crisis according to the employees’ post duties, the complexity of issues communicated, socialization with other employees, acting as unofficial default communication channels and safeguarding the privacy of email communication. Implications are discussed in relation to the teaching of foreign languages to meet the multivariate demands of workplace communication.
Crystal structure of dichloridobis{μ2-2,2′-((1E,1′E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-chlorophenolato)-κ5O,N,N′,O′:O′}diiron(III), C32H24Cl6Fe2N4O4
Authors: Fuentealba Mauricio , González Deborah , Artigas Vania 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C32H24Cl6Fe2N4O4, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 7.3325(10) Å, b = 9.1317(14) Å, c = 13.161(2) Å, α = 105.927(4)°, β = 95.407(4)°, γ = 96.752(4)°, V = 834.1(2) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0382, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0897, T = 296.15 K.
Diagnostic challenge in a patient with primary bilateral Dumbbell-shaped lumbar non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Adam D. , Burduşa Gina , Iftimie D. , Hornea Ioana , Dobrea Camelia , Badelita Sorina Nicoleta 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Objective: Primary bilateral dumbbell-shaped lumbar non-Hodgkin lymphomas with epidural and extraspinal involvement, are rare occurrences. Patients presenting at advanced stages and rapid evolution towards neurological impairment lead to diagnostic dilemmas for which only immunohistochemistry can provide a correct, although delayed solution.
Case report: We report the first case of a bilateral, dumbbell-shaped, lumbar lymphoma in a 65-year-old man with a medical history of chronic viral hepatitis type B and D under interferon treatment. The patient presented with back pain radiating down the right leg, with rapid progression to paraplegia and sphincter dysfunction. CT and MRI revealed a large dumbbell mass (approx. 5/5/10 cm) in the right paraspinal musculature, at the L4-L5 level, with intraspinal epidural extension. A similar mass of smaller size was described on the left side, almost mirroring the first lesion, the imagistic aspect suggesting a neural sheath tumor. Intraoperatively, in the right lumbar paraspinal musculature, a soft, yellowish region was discovered, the macroscopic appearance being rather suggestive for a diffuse infection. Clinical, imagistic and surgical findings were not conclusive, nor was the histological examination in light microscopy of the surgical specimen or of the bone marrow biopsy. Immunohistochemistry identified the presence of large B cells, leading to the diagnosis of B cell lymphoma. Although the patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy, his condition rapidly deteriorated and he died within 3 months.
Conclusions: In the case of a lumbosacral, dumbbell shaped mass, developed both epidural and extraspinal, the differential diagnosis must include lymphoma. The histological examination, especially immunohistochemistry provided the final diagnosis. Delays in establishing a diagnosis, associated with a malignant evolution of lymphoma, diminish the chances of determining and applying a treatment strategy that could prolong survival.
Drotaverinum – a new modality of prevention and treatment in cerebral vasospasm after subarachoidian hemorrhage?
Authors: Kakucs C. , Berce C. , Tamas-Szora A. , Ungureanu G. , Florian I.St. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Aim: This study want to demonstrate the efficaciousness of drotaverinum as a replacer of papaverine in the prevention and treatment of vasospasm.
Material and method: In this study were used 20 albino Wistar male rats. Rats were divided in two groups and vasospasm was induced to the both femoral artery and after that irrigation of the femoral arteries with drotaverinum was performed to demonstrate the vasodilatation that can appear (group A). In the group B after the obtaining of vasospasm irrigation of the femoral arteries with saline solution was performed and this group was used as witness. The length of the vessels was measured when was achieved the vasospasm and also before and after the administration of the solutions. Pictures were taken at every step of dissection and solutions administration to can measure the length of arteries before and after the administration of drotaverinum and the saline solution.
Results: In all rats was obtained vasospasm at the femoral artery after clipping the artery and after we irrigate with adrenaline. In the group with drotaverinum we obtained the vasodilatation and in the witness group the caliber of the vessels remain the same. The statistical analysis of the data demonstrate a significant differences between the group were was used drotaverinum and the witness group were was used the saline solution (p<0,001).
Conclusions: Drotaverinum has a good vasodilatative effect on arteries and he can prevent the apparition of vasospasm and it can even treat vasospasm if occur by producing local vasodilatation and a good circulation in the area where is administrated. This study showed quantitatively that drotaverinum can treat the experimental peripheral vasospasm in rats.
Combined surgical and medical treatment of giant prolactinoma: case report
Authors: Rădoi Mugurel , Stefanescu Florin , Vakilnejad Ram , Gheorghitescu Lidia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The operative management of giant pituitary prolactinoma represents a significant challenge for neurosurgeons, due to the degree of local tumor infiltration into adjacent structures such as cavernous sinus. The degree of parasellar tumor extension can be classified according to the Knosp grading system’ while suprasellar extension is qualified in accordance with the modified Hardys classification system. This report describes the case of a male patient with a giant pituitary prolactinoma in which a partial tumor resection via a subfrontal approach was achieved. Typically, resection rates of less than 50% have been reported following surgery on giant pituitary adenomas. Prolactin levels were very high, consistent with invasive giant prolactinoma. Our patient was treated with Cabergoline which eventually normalized the prolactin level and significantly reduced the size of the residual tumor. This case serves to illustrate that in the presence of significant suprasellar and parasellar extension, multi-modal treatment strategies with surgery and dopamine agonist, is the gold standard in the management of locally aggressive pituitary prolactinomas.
Admission characteristics and outcome in traumatic brain injury patients: a preliminary report from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Munivenkatappa Ashok , Subrahmanyam B.V. , Satish Kumar S. , Ramamohan P. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Introduction. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is affected by multiple factors. Patient’s education, manifesting symptoms and surgical management play a significant role on discharge outcome. The literature of same from developing country is limited. The present pilot study aims to describe patient characteristics, presenting symptom and management aspects of TBI patients from a tertiary hospital.
Methods. The present study is a prospective study, where TBI patients were selected and data of injury was entered on standard proforma on electronic data base. The study was approved by institute ethical board. The data was analyzed using Stats Direct version 3.0.150 software.
Results. Three hundred and thirty three patients were evaluated. Eighty percent of patients were from rural areas. About 75% of patients were illiterates and married. Patient employment was significant with discharge outcome. All the patients manifested with symptoms loss of consciousness (LOC) was higher (73%) followed by vomiting (44%). LOC and oral bleed was significant with outcome. Associated injuries was higher in extremities (22.5%) followed by chest (4.4%). About 15% of patients require intracranial surgery that was significant with discharge outcome.
Conclusion. The present pilot study finding is similar to available literature data and adds knowledge to TBI data of a developing country like India.
Factors affecting outcome in posterior fossa EDH: an analytical study at tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Anurag Pateriya , Rajeev Bansal , Radheyshyam Mittal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroduction. Posterior fossa extradural hematomas (PFEDHs) are uncommon as compared to supratentorial EDH and these patients can deteriorate very rapidly due to compression over brainstem. Thus early identification and intervention can save the lives of these patients.Methods. We prospectively studied 114 patients of posterior fossa injury for mode of injury, neurological status during admission, radiological findings, management, and outcomes of patients suffered posterior fossa extradural hematoma. All statistical analyses were determined using the SPSS 22.0.0.0 version. Statistical analysis was conducted utilizing Chi-square test.Results. Out of 114 posterior fossa trauma patients 28 patients (24.56%) having posterior fossa EDH. GCS on admission (p value=0.002), volume of posterior fossa EDH (p value= 0.000) were significant factors for the outcome of posterior fossa EDHs. On comparing the data patients who survived and those who did not survive, the GCS on admission (p value=0.004) and brain stem compression (p value=0.000) were two factors found to affect the mortality significantly.Conclusion. Early detection with high degree of suspicion and immediate evacuation of PFEDHs should be done if causing fourth ventricle, basal cistern or brain stem compression.