bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snapshot of the prescribing practice for the clopidogrel and esomeprazole coprescription and cost evaluation of the application guidelines
Authors: Vernaz Nathalie , Rollason Victoria , Adlere Liene , Combescure Christophe , Poncet Antoine , Bonnabry Pascal , Desmeules Jules 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe antiplatelet clopidogrel and the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole demonstrate a pharmacokinetic interaction through CYP2C19 that could translate into clinical inefficacy of clopidogrel. No medical consensus as to their coprescription has been reached, and different guidelines are available. We evaluated the prescribing practices at the Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) by measuring whether the coprescription was staggered as suggested by experts. We estimated the financial impact of different implementation guidelines. We used the HUG electronic patient records to follow the physicians' prescriptions and the administration by nurses from January 2013 to April 2014. We performed a time series analysis to assess 15 years of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antiplatelet drug use. “Extra costs” were calculated assuming that clopidogrel or esomeprazole would replace prasugrel or ticagrelor and pantoprazole or ranitidine, respectively. Only 10.8% of the patient medical orders for the clopidogrel and esomeprazole coprescription specified to stagger the administration, 12.6% specified a concomitant coprescription, and 76.6% had no clear information. A high rate of 49.6% of the nurses staggered the clopidogrel and esomeprazole coprescription when no clear information was given. We found a statistically significant decrease in clopidogrel use after the publication of the OCLA (Omeprazole–CLopidogrel–Aspirin) study and a significant increase in the trend of esomeprazole. Alternative treatments to avoid this interaction are cost ineffective or offer therapeutic options of lesser quality. We observed a high rate of 56.2% of the clopidogrel and esomeprazole coprescription in our hospital and can therefore not ignore the PK/PD interaction. The most common prescription practice was to not specify the time frame of administration, which was translated by nurses in 49.6% of the cases to a scheduled staggered coprescription of clopidogrel and esomeprazole. As long as no consensus has been reached, the medical orders time frame information should be mandatory to allow a clear and harmonious staggering strategy.
RNAi as a management tool for the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Authors: Fishilevich Elane , Vélez Ana M , Storer Nicholas P , Li Huarong , Bowling Andrew J , Rangasamy Murugesan , Worden Sarah E , Narva Kenneth E , Siegfried Blair D 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is the most important pest of corn in the US Corn Belt. Economic estimates indicate that costs of control and yield loss associated with WCR damage exceed $US 1 billion annually. Historically, corn rootworm management has been extremely difficult because of its ability to evolve resistance to both chemical insecticides and cultural control practices. Since 2003, the only novel commercialized developments in rootworm management have been transgenic plants expressing Bt insecticidal proteins. Four transgenic insecticidal proteins are currently registered for rootworm management, and field resistance to proteins from the Cry3 family highlights the importance of developing traits with new modes of action. One of the newest approaches for controlling rootworm pests involves RNA interference (RNAi). This review describes the current understanding of the RNAi mechanisms in WCR and the use of this technology for WCR management. Further, the review addresses ecological risk assessment of RNAi and insect resistance management of RNAi for corn rootworm. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A Systematic Approach for Developing Decision Aids: From Cognitive Work Analysis to Prototype Design and Development
Authors: Dhukaram Anandhi Vivekanandan , Baber Chris 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTCognitive Work Analysis (CWA) has proved successful in supporting Human Factors analysis, providing a system‐level view of operations that can be used to understand how systems achieve their missions. However, a critical gap exists in the transition from CWA to prototype design and implementation. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap between CWA and implementation. This paper describes an approach for the design of software system in which CWA descriptions are converted to Unified Modeling Language (UML) models. The approach presented in this paper is intended to be minimalistic and streamlined, to focus on the design of a prototype. Following the design process, a Decision Aid prototype was developed. This prototype is evaluated against the original CWA to check that the translation has been effective. This paper shows how CWA can be integrated with UML for prototype design and implementation. We believe that this paper should prove useful to a range of practitioners concerned about maintaining a user's cognitive perspective during specification and analysis of a system.
Synthesis, Surface Activities and Toluene Solubilization by Amine‐oxide Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Liu Hongqin , Hu Jun , Xu Baocai , Zhao Tingting , Shi Guoying , Zhang Guiju 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA series of amine‐oxide gemini surfactants featuring amide groups [N, N’‐dimethyl‐N, N’‐bis(2‐alkylamideethyl)‐ethylenediamine oxide (alkyl = C11H23, C13H27, C15H31, C17H35)] have been synthesized via a three‐step synthetic route, and their chemical structures were confirmed by mass spectra, FTIR and 1H‐NMR spectra. The surface activities of these compounds have been measured. The results show that these synthesized amine‐oxide gemini surfactants reduced the surface tension of water to a minimum value of approximately 26.91 mN m−1 at a concentration of 2.92 × 10−5mol L−1. Furthermore, their critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and solubilization of toluene decrease with an increase of the hydrophobic chain length from 12 to 18. Isoelectric point measurements revealed that their pI values range from 4.0 to 10.5.
DNA Damage Response in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Ageing
Authors: Li Tangliang , Zhou Zhong-Wei , Ju Zhenyu , Wang Zhao-Qi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Maintenance of tissue-specific stem cells is vital for organ homeostasis and organismal longevity. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most primitive cell type in the hematopoietic system. They divide asymmetrically and give rise to daughter cells with HSC identity (self-renewal) and progenitor progenies (differentiation), which further proliferate and differentiate into full hematopoietic lineages. Mammalian ageing process is accompanied with abnormalities in the HSC self-renewal and differentiation. Transcriptional changes and epigenetic modulations have been implicated as the key regulators in HSC ageing process. The DNA damage response (DDR) in the cells involves an orchestrated signaling pathway, consisting of cell cycle regulation, cell death and senescence, transcriptional regulation, as well as chromatin remodeling. Recent studies employing DNA repair-deficient mouse models indicate that DDR could intrinsically and extrinsically regulate HSC maintenance and play important roles in tissue homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how the DDR determines the HSC fates and finally contributes to organismal ageing.
Predictive value of serum β‐hCG for early pregnancy outcomes among women with recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Liu Yinglin , Liu Yukun , Li Xuejiao , Jiao Xuedan , Zhang Rui , Zhang Jianping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine peak serum levels of the β‐subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) for prediction of early pregnancy outcomes among women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).MethodsIn a retrospective study, the medical records of pregnant women with a history of RSA treated at Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, China, between January 2011 and July 2013 were reviewed. Serum β‐hCG had been measured twice weekly from 5 to 13 weeks of pregnancy, and pregnancy was monitored by transvaginal ultrasonography to 13+ 6 weeks. Optimal cutoff for peak β‐hCG level was determined by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and Youden index. Women were divided into four groups on the basis of optimal peak β‐hCG cutoff and pregnancy outcome (pregnancy at 13 weeks or spontaneous abortion). Peak β‐hCG levels and length of pregnancy at this peak were examined.ResultsOverall, 1240 patients were included. The optimal cutoff value of peak β‐hCG was 88 468 IU/L, with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for successful pregnancy of 95.6%, 88.0%, 95.6%, and 89.0%, respectively. A faster rise in β‐hCG, higher peak β‐hCG, and longer pregnancy length at peak β‐hCG were associated with successful early pregnancy.ConclusionA cutoff value of serum β‐hCG of 88 000 IU/L could be used to predict early pregnancy outcomes for women with a history of RSA.
Viscous and viscoelastic stress states at the calving front of Antarctic ice shelves
Authors: Christmann Julia , Plate Carolin , Müller Ralf , Humbert Angelika 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTCalving mechanisms are still poorly understood and stress states in the vicinity of ice-shelf fronts are insufficiently known for the development of physically motivated calving laws that match observations. A calving model requires the knowledge of maximum tensile stresses. These stresses depend on different simulation approaches and material models. Therefore, this study compares results of a two-dimensional (2-D) continuum approach using finite elements with results of a one-dimensional (1-D) beam model elaborated in Reeh (1968). A purely viscous model, as well as a viscoelastic Maxwell model, is applied for the 2-D case. The maximum tensile stress usually appears at the top surface of an ice shelf. Its location and magnitude are predominantly influenced by the thickness of the ice shelf and the height of the freeboard, the traction-free part at the ice front. More precisely, doubling the thickness leads to twice the stress maximum, while doubling the freeboard, based on changes of the ice density, results in an increase of the stress maximum by 61%. Poisson's ratio controls the evolution of the maximum stress with time. The viscosity and Young's modulus define the characteristic time of the Maxwell model and thus the time to reach the maximum principal stress.
Connections between the Ozmidov scale and mean velocity profile in stably stratified atmospheric surface layers
Authors: Li Dan , Salesky Scott T. , Banerjee Tirtha 
Published: May 2016

The mean velocity profile (MVP) in thermally stratified atmospheric surface layers (ASLs) deviates from the classic logarithmic form. A theoretical framework was recently proposed (Katulet al.Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 107, 2011, 268502) to link the MVP to the spectrum of turbulence and was found to successfully predict the MVP for unstable stratification. However, the theory failed to reproduce the MVP in stable conditions (Saleskyet al.Phys. Fluids, vol. 25, 2013, 105101), especially when${\it\zeta}>0.2$(where${\it\zeta}$is the atmospheric stability parameter). In the present study, it is demonstrated that this shortcoming is due to the failure to identify the appropriate length scale that characterizes the size of momentum transporting eddies in the stable ASL. Beyond${\it\zeta}\approx 0.2$(near where the original theory fails), the Ozmidov length scale becomes smaller than the distance from the wall$z$and hence is a more stringent constraint for characterizing the size of turbulent eddies. An expression is derived to connect the Ozmidov length scale to the normalized MVP (${\it\phi}_{m}$), allowing${\it\phi}_{m}$to be solved numerically. It is found that the revised theory produces a prediction of${\it\phi}_{m}$in good agreement with the widely used empirical Businger–Dyer relation and two experimental datasets in the stable ASL. The results here demonstrate that the behaviour of${\it\phi}_{m}$in the stable ASL is closely linked to the size of momentum transporting eddies, which can be characterized by the Ozmidov scale under mildly to moderately stable conditions ($0.2<{\it\zeta}<1-2$).
Selection by mating competitiveness improves the performance ofAnastrepha ludensmales of the genetic sexing strain Tapachula-7
Authors: Quintero-Fong L. , Toledo J. , Ruiz L. , Rendón P. , Orozco-Dávila D. , Cruz L. , Liedo P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe sexual performance ofAnastrepha ludensmales of the Tapachula-7 genetic sexing strain, produced via selection based on mating success, was compared with that of males produced without selection in competition with wild males. Mating competition, development time, survival, mass-rearing quality parameters and pheromone production were compared. The results showed that selection based on mating competitiveness significantly improved the sexual performance of offspring. Development time, survival of larvae, pupae and adults, and weights of larvae and pupae increased with each selection cycle. Differences in the relative quantity of the pheromone compounds (Z)-3-nonenol and anastrephin were observed when comparing the parental males with the F4 and wild males. The implications of this colony management method on the sterile insect technique are discussed.
African Penguin tolerance to humans depends on historical exposure at colony level
Authors: PICHEGRU LORIEN , EDWARDS TREVOR B. , DILLEY BEN J. , FLOWER TOM P. , RYAN PETER G. 
Published: May 2016

SummarySustainable ecotourism requires careful management of human impacts on wildlife. Contrasting responses to the disturbance caused by ecotourism are observed across taxa and within species, because species and populations can differ in their tolerance to humans. However, the mechanisms by which tolerance develops remain unclear. Penguin colonies are popular tourist attractions. Although ecotourism increases public awareness and generates conservation income, it can also disturb penguins, raising concerns for threatened species such as the African PenguinSpheniscus demersus, whose populations are in rapid decline. We compared the tolerance of African Penguins to human disturbance across four colonies with contrasting histories of human exposure. Human approaches invoked the least response at colonies where human exposure was highest, suggesting increased human tolerance with increased exposure. The response to humans close to the nest also decreased more rapidly in highly exposed individuals within colonies. These results were consistent independent of breeding stage, and were repeated among colonies. Because the impacts of human disturbance, including temporary nest desertion, were greatest at the colony with least human exposure, human disturbance of breeding African Penguins potentially may be mitigated through increased levels of tolerance to humans, or displacement of shyer individuals, although this could not be assessed in the present study.However, human exposure could significantly increase stress, impair reproduction and even reduce genetic diversity. Consequently, ecotourism must be managed carefully to minimize population level impacts, potentially by facilitating habituation in populations subject to non-threatening human disturbance, and maintaining some areas free of disturbance to allow shy individuals to breed.
A sustained decline in Cyprus Warbler Sylvia melanothorax numbers in western Cyprus, coinciding with the colonisation of its breeding range by the Sardinian Warbler S. melanocephala
Authors: POMEROY DEREK , WALSH FRANK , FLINT PETER , HELLICAR MARTIN , SHAW PHIL 
Published: May 2016

SummaryDuring 1998–2011, in an area of western Cyprus spanning about one-quarter of the global breeding range of the endemic Cyprus Warbler Sylvia melanothorax, the species declined at a rate of c.59% decade-1, suggesting that there is an urgent need to review its global conservation status. This decline has coincided with the recent, rapid colonisation of western Cyprus by the Sardinian Warbler S. melanocephala, whose numbers have increased substantially within the study area, as might be expected of a newly colonising breeding species. To identify possible causes of the Cyprus Warbler’s decline we compared its rate of change with measures of land-cover, vegetation density, altitude, rainfall and the presence of Sardinian Warblers at survey sites. The rate of decline in the Cyprus Warbler’s abundance was strongly correlated with land-cover and with the duration of site occupancy by Sardinian Warbler; Cyprus Warbler abundance had declined more steeply on sites colonised by Sardinian Warblers early in the survey period than on sites colonised later. Furthermore, on sites surveyed by BirdLife Cyprus in 2006–2014, Cyprus Warbler abundance had continued to decline significantly (also by c.59% decade-1) in western Cyprus, while Sardinian Warbler abundance had continued to increase. In contrast, Cyprus Warbler abundance showed no significant change in central and eastern Cyprus, where Sardinian Warblers were sparse or absent during the breeding season. These findings are consistent with at least two contrasting scenarios: that changes have occurred in land-cover or climatic conditions in Cyprus, to the detriment of Cyprus Warbler and to the benefit of Sardinian Warbler; or that in western Cyprus at least, the two species may compete for similar resources, despite a lack of evidence of this in an earlier, more detailed study. In either case, we suggest the need for a thorough, nationwide breeding survey of the two species.
The fin-to-limb transition as the re-organization of a Turing pattern
Authors: Onimaru Koh , Marcon Luciano , Musy Marco , Tanaka Mikiko , Sharpe James 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA Turing mechanism implemented by BMP, SOX9 and WNT has been proposed to control mouse digit patterning. However, its generality and contribution to the morphological diversity of fins and limbs has not been explored. Here we provide evidence that the skeletal patterning of the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula pectoral fin is likely driven by a deeply conserved Bmp–Sox9–Wnt Turing network. In catshark fins, the distal nodular elements arise from a periodic spot pattern of Sox9 expression, in contrast to the stripe pattern in mouse digit patterning. However, our computer model shows that the Bmp–Sox9–Wnt network with altered spatial modulation can explain the Sox9 expression in catshark fins. Finally, experimental perturbation of Bmp or Wnt signalling in catshark embryos produces skeletal alterations which match in silico predictions. Together, our results suggest that the broad morphological diversity of the distal fin and limb elements arose from the spatial re-organization of a deeply conserved Turing mechanism.
Conservation of uORF repressiveness and sequence features in mouse, human and zebrafish
Authors: Chew Guo-Liang , Pauli Andrea , Schier Alexander F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUpstream open reading frames (uORFs) are ubiquitous repressive genetic elements in vertebrate mRNAs. While much is known about the regulation of individual genes by their uORFs, the range of uORF-mediated translational repression in vertebrate genomes is largely unexplored. Moreover, it is unclear whether the repressive effects of uORFs are conserved across species. To address these questions, we analyse transcript sequences and ribosome profiling data from human, mouse and zebrafish. We find that uORFs are depleted near coding sequences (CDSes) and have initiation contexts that diminish their translation. Linear modelling reveals that sequence features at both uORFs and CDSes modulate the translation of CDSes. Moreover, the ratio of translation over 5′ leaders and CDSes is conserved between human and mouse, and correlates with the number of uORFs. These observations suggest that the prevalence of vertebrate uORFs may be explained by their conserved role in repressing CDS translation.
TRIM31 promotes Atg5/Atg7-independent autophagy in intestinal cells
Authors: Ra Eun A. , Lee Taeyun A. , Won Kim Seung , Park Areum , Choi Hyun jin , Jang Insook , Kang Sujin , Hee Cheon Jae , Cho Jin Won , Eun Lee Ji , Lee Sungwook , Park Boyoun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAutophagy is responsible for the bulk degradation of cytosolic constituents and plays an essential role in the intestinal epithelium by controlling beneficial host–bacterial relationships. Atg5 and Atg7 are thought to be critical for autophagy. However, Atg5- or Atg7-deficient cells still form autophagosomes and autolysosomes, and are capable of removing proteins or bacteria. Here, we report that human TRIM31 (tripartite motif), an intestine-specific protein localized in mitochondria, is essential for promoting lipopolysaccharide-induced Atg5/Atg7-independent autophagy. TRIM31 directly interacts with phosphatidylethanolamine in a palmitoylation-dependent manner, leading to induction of autolysosome formation. Depletion of endogenous TRIM31 significantly increases the number of intestinal epithelial cells containing invasive bacteria. Crohn’s disease patients display TRIM31 downregulation. Human cytomegalovirus-infected intestinal cells show a decrease in TRIM31 expression as well as a significant increase in bacterial load, reversible by the introduction of wild-type TRIM31. We provide insight into an alternative autophagy pathway that protects against intestinal pathogenic bacterial infection.
Interrupting peptidoglycan deacetylation during Bdellovibrio predator-prey interaction prevents ultimate destruction of prey wall, liberating bacterial-ghosts
Authors: Lambert Carey , Lerner Thomas R. , Bui Nhat Khai , Somers Hannah , Aizawa Shin-Ichi , Liddell Susan , Clark Ana , Vollmer Waldemar , Lovering Andrew L. , Sockett R. Elizabeth 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe peptidoglycan wall, located in the periplasm between the inner and outer membranes of the cell envelope in Gram-negative bacteria, maintains cell shape and endows osmotic robustness. Predatory Bdellovibrio bacteria invade the periplasm of other bacterial prey cells, usually crossing the peptidoglycan layer, forming transient structures called bdelloplasts within which the predators replicate. Prey peptidoglycan remains intact for several hours, but is modified and then degraded by escaping predators. Here we show predation is altered by deleting two Bdellovibrio N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) deacetylases, one of which we show to have a unique two domain structure with a novel regulatory”plug”. Deleting the deacetylases limits peptidoglycan degradation and rounded prey cell “ghosts” persist after mutant-predator exit. Mutant predators can replicate unusually in the periplasmic region between the peptidoglycan wall and the outer membrane rather than between wall and inner-membrane, yet still obtain nutrients from the prey cytoplasm. Deleting two further genes encoding DacB/PBP4 family proteins, known to decrosslink and round prey peptidoglycan, results in a quadruple mutant Bdellovibrio which leaves prey-shaped ghosts upon predation. The resultant bacterial ghosts contain cytoplasmic membrane within bacteria-shaped peptidoglycan surrounded by outer membrane material which could have promise as “bacterial skeletons” for housing artificial chromosomes.