bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superficial and deep retinal foveal avascular zone OCT‐A findings of non‐infectious anterior and posterior uveitis compared to healthy controls
Authors: Waizel M. , Todorova M.G. , Terrada C. , Massamba N. , LeHoang P. , Bodaghi B. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo compare the superficial (FAZ‐S) and deep retinal foveal avascular zones (FAZ‐D) of non‐infectious anterior and posterior uveitis and healthy controls, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsOCTA was performed on a total of 74 eyes, 34 eyes suffering from non‐infectious posterior uveitis (26 eyes without macular edema (post‐CME), 8 eyes with macular edema (post+CME)), 11 eyes with non‐infectious anterior uveitis (6 eyes without macular edema (ant‐CME) and 5 eyes with macular edema (ant+CME). The control group included a group of 29 healthy eyes. The foveal avascular zones of the superficial (FAZ‐S) and deep (FAZ‐D) retinal vascular plexus were measured in mm2 via the software's ruler tool on a Heidelberg HRA2 Spectralis OCTA device (Germany). For statistical evaluation ANOVA‐based linear mixed‐effects models were performed with SPSS®.ResultsEyes suffering from non‐infectious posterior uveitis presented with significantly higher FAZ‐D values when compared to healthy controls both, in the presence or absence of macular edema (p<0.001, post‐CME subgroup and post+CME subgroups). In the presence of macular edema eyes presenting with anterior uveitis (ant+CME) also showed significantly higher FAZ‐S (p=0.03) and FAZ‐D (p<0.001) values when compared to healthy controls. Meanwhile, in the absence of macular edema eyes with anterior uveitis cannot be distinguished from controls (p>0.6).ConclusionsBased on our preliminary results, the deep retinal foveal avascular zone seems to be enlarged in eyes presenting with non‐infectious posterior uveitis, both in the presence or absence of macular edema. This finding could be used as a clinical marker in the future.
Use of wide‐field fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis and management of sarcoidosis uveitis
Authors: Bouladi M. , Hassairi A. , Bouraoui R. , Kort F. , Limaiem R. , Mghaieth F. , El Matri L. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo assess the utility of wide field (WF) fluorescein angiography versus conventional angiography in the diagnosis and management of Sarcoidosis posterior uveitis.MethodsTwenty‐three eyes of 12 patients diagnosed with Sarcoidosis disease who underwent WF fluorescein angiography imaging with the Heidelberg scanning laser ophthalmoscope HRA2 using the Staurenghi SLO contact lens between January 2016 and March 2017 were included in our study. Complete clinical and imaging records (WF fluorescein angiography and SD‐OCT) of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. A circle simulating the central 75‐degree field was drawn on WF fluorescein angiography images. We compared the WF fluorescein angiography findings within the circle and the complete image and assessed its impact on patient management.ResultsFourteen eyes of 23 (60.9%) were diagnosed with Sarcoidosis retinal vasculitis. WF fluorescein angiography revealed vasculitis not clinically evident in 9 of 14 eyes (64.3%). Predominant angiographic findings were diffuse vascular leakage in 6 eyes (26.1%), peripheral ischemia in 5 eyes (21.7%), vein sheathing in 12 eyes (52.2%) and multifocal hyperfluorescent spots in 8 eyes (34.8%). Ten eyes (43.5%) had no apparent retinal vasculitis but WF images have shown peripheral changes outside the circle. In four eyes (13%), WF fluorescein angiography showed the vasculitis to be much more extensive than usually seen by simulated conventional FA. WF fluorescein angiography influenced treatment decision in 9 eyes (39.1%).ConclusionsRetinal vasculitis (RV) may be difficult to detect either clinically or with conventional retinal imaging in Sarcoidosis disease. Wide‐field imaging is a useful tool in the diagnosis of RV associated to Sarcoidosis disease even in the absence of clinical retinal vasculitis and may influence management decisions.
A Family Based Study of Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide Signalling Genes and Preeclampsia
Authors: Bauer Anna E. , Avery Christy L. , Shi Min , Weinberg Clarice R. , Olshan Andrew F. , Harmon Quaker E. , Luo Jingchun , Yang Jenny , Manuck Tracy A. , Wu Michael C. , Williams Nicholas , McGinnis Ralph , Morgan Linda , Klungsøyr Kari , Trogstad Lill , Magnus Per , Engel Stephanie M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundPreeclampsia is thought to originate during placentation, with incomplete remodelling and perfusion of the spiral arteries leading to reduced placental vascular capacity. Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are powerful vasodilators that play a role in the placental vascular system. Although family clustering of preeclampsia has been observed, the existing genetic literature is limited by a failure to consider both mother and child.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study within the Norwegian Mother and Child Birth Cohort of 1545 case‐pairs and 995 control‐pairs from 2540 validated dyads (2011 complete pairs, 529 missing mother or child genotype). We selected 1518 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequency >5% in NO and CO signalling pathways. We used log‐linear Poisson regression models and likelihood ratio tests to assess maternal and child effects.ResultsOne SNP met criteria for a false discovery rate Q‐value <0.05. The child variant, rs12547243 in adenylate cyclase 8 (ADCY8), was associated with an increased risk (relative risk [RR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20, 1.69 for AG vs. GG, RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.47, 3.11 for AA vs. GG, Q = 0.03). The maternal variant, rs30593 in PDE1C was associated with a decreased risk for the subtype of preeclampsia accompanied by early delivery (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27, 0.75 for TC vs. CC; Q = 0.02). None of the associations were replicated after correction for multiple testing.ConclusionsThis study uses a novel approach to disentangle maternal and child genotypic effects of NO and CO signalling genes on preeclampsia.
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED)
Authors: Singer Alison B. , Aylsworth Arthur S. , Cordero Christina , Croen Lisa A. , DiGuiseppi Carolyn , Fallin M. Daniele , Herring Amy H. , Hooper Stephen R. , Pretzel Rebecca E. , Schieve Laura A. , Windham Gayle C. , Daniels Julie L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure can affect neurodevelopment, but few studies have examined associations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsWe assessed the association between maternal alcohol use and ASD in the Study to Explore Early Development, a multi‐site case–control study of children born between September 2003 and August 2006 in the US Regression analyses included 684 children with research clinician‐confirmed ASD, 869 children with non‐ASD developmental delays or disorders (DDs), and 962 controls ascertained from the general population (POP). Maternal alcohol exposure during each month from 3 months prior to conception until delivery was assessed by self‐report.ResultsMothers of POP children were more likely to report any prenatal alcohol use than mothers of children with ASD or DD. In trimester one, 21.2% of mothers of POP children reported alcohol use compared with 18.1% and 18.2% of mothers of children with ASD or DD, respectively (adjusted OR for ASD vs. POP 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.6, 1.1). During preconception and the first month of pregnancy, one to two drinks on average per week was inversely associated with ASD risk.ConclusionsThese results do not support an adverse association between low‐level alcohol exposure and ASD, although these findings were based on retrospective self‐reported alcohol use. Unmeasured confounding or exposure misclassification may explain inverse associations with one to two drinks per week. Pregnant or potentially pregnant women should continue to follow recommendations to avoid alcohol use because of other known effects on infant health and neurodevelopment.
This Article Makes You Smarter! (Or, Regulating Health and Wellness Claims)
Authors: Duranske Sarah 
Published: September 2017

Information has power – to inspire, to transform, and to harm. Recent technological advancements have enabled the creation of products that offer consumers direct access to a level of personal health information unprecedented in history. But how are we to balance the promise of health and wellness information with its risks?Two agencies are tasked with protecting consumers from false claims of health products: the FDA and the FTC. This Article investigates if they are up to the task. In part a study of agency policymaking choices, and in part a prescription for more thoughtful and focused regulation, this Article compares both intra-agency and inter-agency regulation of informational health and wellness products. Certain procedural and substantive characteristics of FDA regulation are unsuited to informational health and wellness products, rendering comprehensive regulation by the FDA unrealistic. This gap creates an opportunity for the FTC to use its distinct and well-tailored enforcement tools to police harmful product claims that escape the FDA’s purview. I posit that by tailoring the FDA’s responsibility and sustaining the FTC’s engagement with health claims, the agencies can dovetail into a cohesive and comprehensive regulatory regime.
Suppression of Toll-like receptor 2–mediated proinflammatory responses by Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Rv3529c
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Upasana , Chadha Attinder , Gupta Priya , Tiwari Brijendra , Bhattacharyya Kausik , Popli Sonam , Raman Rajagopal , Brahamachari Vani , Singh Yogendra , Malhotra Pawan , Natarajan Krishnamurthy 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Microorganisms are known to devise various strategies to thwart protective responses by the host. One such strategy is to incorporate sequences and domains in their genes/proteins that have similarity to various domains of the host proteins. In this study, we report that Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Rv3529c exhibits significant similarity to the death domain of the TLR pathway adaptor protein MyD88. Incubation of macrophages with Rv3529c specifically inhibited TLR2-mediated proinflammatory responses. This included attenuated oxidative burst, reduced phosphorylation of MAPK-ERK, reduced activation of transcription factor NF-κB and reduced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17A with a concomitant increased secretion of suppressor cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. Importantly, Rv3529c significantly inhibited TLR2-induced association of MyD88 with IRAK1 by competitively binding with IRAK1. Further, Rv3529c mediated inhibition of apoptosis and phagosome–lysosome fusion. Lastly, incubation of macrophages with Rv3529c increased bacterial burden inside macrophages. The data presented show another strategy evolved by M. tuberculosis toward immune evasion that centers on incorporating sequences in proteins that are similar to crucial proteins in the innate immune system of the host.
Pro legato
Authors: Faoro Davide 
Published: September 2017

Riassunto:
Il titolo di pro legato è stato considerato in letteratura segnale di un incarico maggiorato che si estrinsecava nell'assegnazione del comando di truppe legionarie a figure naturalmente sprovviste di tale facoltà, come tribuni, praefecti e procuratores Augusti. L'analisi delle fonti porta ora alla conclusione che questo titolo in epoca augustea compaia nei curricula epigrafici di ufficiali subalterni, senatorii e equestri, ad indicare una militia nel cui svolgimento erano state sommate, oltre al comando militare, alcune prerogative di carattere presidiale senza tuttavia alcuna relazione con il comando di truppe legionarie. Dall'epoca di Claudio in poi, le rare menzioni della titolatura di procurator pro legato sono invece ascrivibili a ragioni di autorappresentazione, atte a segnalare il carattere presidiale, e non fiscale, di una procuratela.
Il seguito ostrogoto di Amalafrida: confutazione di Procopio, Bellum Vandalicum I, 8, 12
Authors: Cristini Marco 
Published: September 2017

Riassunto:
Nel 500 Amalafrida, sorella di Teodorico il Grande, andò in Africa per sposare Trasamundo, re dei Vandali. Secondo Procopio di Cesarea fu scortata da seimila soldati. Questa è una delle poche informazioni esistenti sulla consistenza numerica dell'esercito ostrogoto e perciò è stata ampiamente citata dagli storici che si sono occupati dei Goti o di Teodorico, tuttavia un'attenta analisi delle notizie sugli Ostrogoti e sui Vandali in nostro possesso indica chiaramente che non si può prestar fede al passo procopiano.
Der Arzneimittelmarkt in Deutschland – eine Einführung
Authors: Glaeske Gerd 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Arzneimittelmarkt in Deutschland ist der viertgrößte der Welt, mit einem Herstellerumsatz von knapp 32 Mrd. Euro. Die Packungsverkäufe bei den rezeptpflichtigen und nicht-rezeptpflichtigen Mitteln sind ähnlich (jeweils rund 750 Mio.), der größte Umsatzanteil (ca. 80%) entfällt auf rezeptpflichtige Mittel wie gentechnologisch oder biologisch hergestellte Mittel, kostengünstiger sind dagegen Biosimilars und Generika. Seit 2011 orientieren sich Preisverhandlungen zu neuen Arzneimitteln durch das AMNOG am Patientennutzen.
BLM and SLX4 play opposing roles in recombination‐dependent replication at human telomeres
Authors: Sobinoff Alexander P , Allen Joshua AM , Neumann Axel A , Yang Sile F , Walsh Monica E , Henson Jeremy D , Reddel Roger R , Pickett Hilda A 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a telomere lengthening pathway that predominates in aggressive tumors of mesenchymal origin; however, the underlying mechanism of telomere synthesis is not fully understood. Here, we show that the BLM–TOP3A–RMI (BTR) dissolvase complex is required for ALT‐mediated telomere synthesis. We propose that recombination intermediates formed during strand invasion are processed by the BTR complex, initiating rapid and extensive POLD3‐dependent telomere synthesis followed by dissolution, with no overall exchange of telomeric DNA. This process is counteracted by the SLX4–SLX1–ERCC4 complex, which promotes resolution of the recombination intermediate, resulting in telomere exchange in the absence of telomere extension. Our data are consistent with ALT being a conservative DNA replication process, analogous to break‐induced replication, which is dependent on BTR and counteracted by SLX4 complex‐mediated resolution events.
Adrenal insufficiency is seen in more than one-third of patients during ongoing low-dose prednisolone treatment for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Borresen Stina Willemoes , Klose Marianne , Baslund Bo , Rasmussen Åse Krogh , Hilsted Linda , Friis-Hansen Lennart , Locht Henning , Hansen Annette , Hetland Merete Lund , Lydolph Magnus Christian , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla 
Published: September 2017

Objective
Patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment are at risk of developing adrenal insufficiency during treatment. We investigated the prevalence of prednisolone-induced adrenal insufficiency in the particular clinical situation where patients receive ongoing low-dose (5 mg/day) prednisolone treatment, a dose by itself too low to cover glucocorticoid needs during stress.

Design and methods
Cross-sectional study in 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (29 women, aged 36–86 years) treated with 5 mg prednisolone/day, who had received prednisolone for ≥6 months (median: 66, range: 6–444 months). Adrenal function was evaluated by a 250 μg Synacthen test performed after mean 48.7 h prednisolone pause. Local assay-specific cut-off for normal adrenal function was P-cortisol ≥420 nmol/L 30 min after Synacthen injection.

Results
Overall, 20 of the 42 patients (48%, 95% CI: 33–62%) had an insufficient adrenal response to the Synacthen test. Including only patients who had not received concomitant treatment with any other glucocorticoid formulas within the last 3 months, 13 of 33 patients (39%, 95% CI: 25–56%) had an insufficient response. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) concentrations were generally low and anti-adrenal antibodies were negative indicating secondary adrenal insufficiency as the most likely diagnosis. There was no correlation between duration of treatment and 30 min P-cortisol (P = 0.62). Adrenal function did not depend on sex or seropositivity of rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusion
We demonstrate a high prevalence of adrenal insufficiency during ongoing low-dose prednisolone treatment. The results urge to increase focus on the condition to ensure identification and correct management of insufficient patients during stress and withdrawal. Strategies for adrenal function evaluation during ongoing low-dose glucocorticoid treatment need to be established.
VARIASI GENETIK IKAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING, Thunnus albacares DENGAN ANALISIS ELEKTROFORESIS ALLOZYME DAN Mt-DNA
Authors: Permana Gusti Ngurah , Hutapea Jhon Harianto , Haryanti Haryanti , Sembiring Sari Budi Moria 
Published: September 2017

Sampel ikan tuna sirip kuning, T. albacares diambil dari tiga lokasi (perairan Bali, Sulawesi Utara, dan Maluku Utara) dan dilakukan analisis variasi genetik dengan metode elektroforesis allozyme menggunakan 15 enzim dan mt-DNA dengan 4 enzim restriksi. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh 4 lokus enzim polimorfik yaitu: Idh-*2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase), Gpi-2* (glucose phoshate dehydrogenase ), Mdh-1* (malat e dehydrogenase), dan Est-1* (esterase). Frekuensi alel allozyme terlihat adanya perbedaan yang nyata (Fst = 0,12; P<0,05) antar lokasi yaitu Bali (A, B, C, D), Sulawesi Utara dan Maluku Utara (A, B, C). 15 komposit haplotipe ditemukan pada populasi Bali, Sulawesi Utara, dan Maluku Utara. Haplotype diversity pada populasi Bali 0,886; Sulawesi Utara 0,790; dan Maluku Utara 0,785; dengan rata-rata dari haplotype diversity adalah 0,857. Jarak genetik dari ketiga populasi berkisar antara 0,003--0,023 (rata-rata 0,016). Populasi Maluku Utara dan Sulawesi Utara mempunyai jarak genetik terdekat yaitu 0,003. Hal ini merupakan indikator bahwa Sulawesi Utara dan Maluku Utara sering digunakan sebagai jalur migrasi dengan adanya kesamaan alel yang ditemukan pada kedua populasi tesebut, jika dibandingkan dengan populasi Bali (0,023).
PENGARUH EKSTENSIFIKASIPAJAK,KEPATUHAN WAJIBPAJAK, DANPENCAIRAN TUNGGAKANPAJAK TERHADAPPENERIMAAN PAJAKPENGHASILANORANGPRIBADI
Authors: Levina Maria 
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of extensification of tax, assessable compliance, and disbursement of tax arrears on tax revenue of personal income. This research uses secondary data with observation in KPP Pratama Jakarta Duren Sawit in 2012-2014. While the research uses multiple regression method to test the hypothesis at 5% significance. From the analysis performed in this research, it can be concluded that extensification of tax and assessable compliance have significant influence to tax revenue of personal income. While disbursement of tax arrears has no significant influence to to tax revenue of personal income.

Keywords: Tax, Extensification, Assessable Compliance, Disbursement of TaxArrears,Tax Revenue of Personal Income
FRUTOS Y SEMILLAS EN REMANENTES DE BOSQUE ALTOANDINO DEL PÁRAMO DE RABANAL (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA).
Authors: Manrique Valderrama Naisla Tatiana , Morales Puentes María Eugenia 
Published: September 2017

El bosque altoandino en Colombia sigue siendo fuertemente reducido por las actividades humanas. El estudio de los atributos morfológicos de las especies de plantas allí presentes, permiten determinar el papel de éstas en la recuperación de los ecosistemas. Con base en lo anterior, se buscó conocer la morfología de frutos y semillas de algunas especies de los fragmentos de un bosque altoandino en el Macizo páramo de Rabanal. El material fue recolectado mediante inventarios rápidos de vegetación. Se estudiaron 23 especies, pertenecientes a 18 familias (17 son dicotiledóneas y una monocotiledónea) entre hierbas, arbustos, árboles, rasantes y lianas. Se encontraron 17 especies con frutos canosos y seis con frutos secos; a su vez, 20 especies tuvieron fruto simple, dos con frutos múltiples (polidrupas y tricápsulas), y una especie con fruto complejo (pomo). Adicionalmente, los resultados revelaron un contraste notable en el tamaño y número de semillas, con frutos que tienen una semilla (longitud promedio 1,95x1,77 mm) hasta con más de 60 semillas (0,64x0,52 mm). Las estrategias de los frutos y las semillas permiten responder en capacidad de germinación y efectividad de dispersión, presentando también diferentes formas de dispersión como zoocoria (9 especies), endozoocoria (11), baricoria (16) y enemocoria (6). Palabras clave: altoandino, fragmento, fruto, morfología, semillas.
INTERFAZ GRAFICA PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE LAS FUERZAS DE CAPTURA EN UNA PINZA ÓPTICA USANDO LAS APROXIMACIONES DE RAYLEIGH Y MIE
Authors: Páez Amaya Darby , Arias Hernandez Néstor A , Molina Prado Martha Lucía 
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se desarrolla una Interfaz Gráfica de Usuario en el software MATLAB, que facilita el análisis de las fuerzas de la luz responsables de la captura de esferas dieléctricas con una pinza óptica tipo gradiente, y que implementa los “Métodos aproximados”, en particular: el “Método Dipolar de Rayleigh” que usa ecuaciones de la electrodinámica para modelar el comportamiento de las fuerzas de captura y el “Método de Rayos Ópticos” que usa la óptica geométrica, permitiendo por medio de ecuaciones sencillas, obtener una aproximación al comportamiento de las fuerzas de captura..Palabras Clave: Pinza óptica, régimen de Rayleigh, régimen de Mie, fuerza de gradiente, fuerza de Scattering.
Authors: Guichard Raul 
Published: September 2017

A. Partes gerais: definições; remissões; presunções; e ficções:

As "partes gerais" (ou "disposições gerais");
As definições legais;
As remissões ou técnica do reenvio;
As presunções legais;
As ficções legais;
Critérios de escolha entre as várias técnicas legislativas;

B. Tipos ou espécies de conceitos;C. IUS STRICTUM E IUS AEQUUM;
An Introduction to Access 2013
Authors: Taylor Eileen Z. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
This project introduces students to database design and implementation using Access 2013. It is appropriate for use in accounting or management information systems undergraduate or graduate courses to satisfy learning objectives associated with developing database design and implementation skills, and understanding and implementing application controls. To complete the project, students should have an understanding of business models, entity integrity and referential integrity rules, and the concept of cardinalities. The project can be completed in or out of class and takes about 1–2 hours. This resource includes a tutorial and sample final assessment, with solutions. Upon completion, students will be able to create tables, forms, queries, and reports and understand and enable data input validation controls within Access 2013.
It's about Time! Introducing Students to the Concept of Billable Hours and Improving Their Excel Skills By Creating a Spreadsheet to Track Their Time
Authors: Hinson Timothy C. , Lee Lorraine S. , Hayes David C. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The concepts of billable hours and tracking time are a reality in public accounting. The purpose of this case is to educate students on the concept of billable hours and to improve the student's Excel skills through the development of a spreadsheet to track their time. Students were required to create the time-tracking Excel spread-sheet and to track all (personal and school-related) of their time for two weeks. Students were given pre/post tests and surveys and the results reflect that students significantly increased their performance in intermediate and advanced Excel skills, billable hours concepts and realize the difficulty in tracking time. Even though the students acknowledged the difficulty in tracking time, they did enjoy learning more about billable hours that they may encounter in their future professions.