bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and population structure of wild Salvia miltiorrhiza in China revealed by microsatellite markers and implication for conservation
Authors: Wang Xiaoguo , Yan Dongfeng , Quan Jine , Hu Sanning , Liang Hongyan , Yang Xitian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSalvia miltiorrhiza is an outcrossing and perennial herb native to China. Although well-known for its medicinal value, there is a lack of knowledge regarding its natural population genetics. Here, we used 12 microsatellite markers to investigated population genetic diversity and structure of 215 samples from populations naturally distributed in central eastern China. A moderate level of genetic diversity was detected probably due to the over-mining of its roots. The allelic richness (AR) ranged from 3.034 to 4.889 with an average of 3.891. Moreover, pairwise estimates of FST among the populations of S. miltiorrhiza varied from 0.036 to 0.312 and two clusters were obtained by STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components. It is likely that the genetic differentiation of these two clusters was formed during glacial periods. Our result provides insights into the conservation of this valuable medicinal plant.
Biomarkers Indicate Pliocene Uplift of the Maxian Mountains, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Han Bingyan , Peng Tingjiang , Han Churun , Liu Zhichao , Li Xiaomiao , Ma Zhenhua , Feng Zhantao , Li Meng , Zhou Aifeng , Song Chunhui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKnowledge of Late Miocene‐Early Pliocene environmental change is critical for understanding the interactions among global cooling, regional tectonic activity and Asian climatic evolution. However, their relationships remain unclear, partly due to the scarcity of quantitative reconstructions of temperature and hydroclimatic conditions, which limits our understanding of the effect of topography on montane climatic evolution. Here, we quantitatively reconstructed the Late Miocene‐Early Pliocene temperature, hydroclimate, and pH of the Xiaoshuizi peneplain, northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP), based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers. Our results indicate that the Xiaoshuizi temperature was relatively high with large fluctuations during 6.2–4.6 Ma. The temperature then gradually decreased until 4.0 Ma, when this trend was interrupted by an intensive warming event. Additionally, the combined Ri/b and pH proxies revealed that the Xiaoshuizi region experienced a hydroclimatic transition from relatively wet to dry conditions after 4.0 Ma. Our integrated results show that the Xiaoshuizi climate became warm and dry during 4.0–3.6 Ma, in contrast to the global cooling trend and the occurrence of a humid climate on the eastern Chinese Loess Plateau and the North China Plain. We ascribe this anomalous change to a warm and dry climate during 4.0–3.6 Ma to a topographic Foehn effect triggered by surface uplift of the Maxian Mountains associated with extensive tectonic uplift of the NETP during the Middle Pliocene.
Extracellular vesicle-associated DNA: ten years since its discovery in human blood
Authors: Tsering Thupten , Nadeau Amélie , Wu Tad , Dickinson Kyle , Burnier Julia V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in intercellular communication, facilitating the transfer of crucial cargo between cells. Liquid biopsy, particularly through the isolation of EVs, has unveiled a rich source of potential biomarkers for health and disease, encompassing proteins and nucleic acids. A milestone in this exploration occurred a decade ago with the identification of extracellular vesicle-associated DNA (EV-DNA) in the bloodstream of a patient diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Subsequent years have witnessed substantial advancements, deepening our insights into the molecular intricacies of EV-DNA emission, detection, and analysis. Understanding the complexities surrounding the release of EV-DNA and addressing the challenges inherent in EV-DNA research are pivotal steps toward enhancing liquid biopsy-based strategies. These strategies, crucial for the detection and monitoring of various pathological conditions, particularly cancer, rely on a comprehensive understanding of why and how EV-DNA is released. In our review, we aim to provide a thorough summary of a decade’s worth of research on EV-DNA. We will delve into diverse mechanisms of EV-DNA emission, its potential as a biomarker, its functional capabilities, discordant findings in the field, and the hurdles hindering its clinical application. Looking ahead to the next decade, we envision that advancements in EV isolation and detection techniques, coupled with improved standardization and data sharing, will catalyze the development of novel strategies exploiting EV-DNA as both a source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Phosphorylation of tau at a single residue inhibits binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase, CHIP
Authors: Nadel Cory M. , Pokhrel Saugat , Wucherer Kristin , Oehler Abby , Thwin Aye C. , Basu Koli , Callahan Matthew D. , Southworth Daniel R. , Mordes Daniel A. , Craik Charles S. , Gestwicki Jason E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicrotubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/tau) accumulates in a family of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In disease, tau is aberrantly modified by post-translational modifications (PTMs), including hyper-phosphorylation. However, it is often unclear which of these PTMs contribute to tau’s accumulation or what mechanisms might be involved. To explore these questions, we focus on a cleaved proteoform of tau (tauC3), which selectively accumulates in AD and was recently shown to be degraded by its direct binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase, CHIP. Here, we find that phosphorylation of tauC3 at a single residue, pS416, is sufficient to weaken its interaction with CHIP. A co-crystal structure of CHIP bound to the C-terminus of tauC3 reveals the mechanism of this clash, allowing design of a mutation (CHIPD134A) that partially restores binding and turnover of pS416 tauC3. We confirm that, in our models, pS416 is produced by the known AD-associated kinase, MARK2/Par-1b, providing a potential link to disease. In further support of this idea, an antibody against pS416 co-localizes with tauC3 in degenerative neurons within the hippocampus of AD patients. Together, these studies suggest a molecular mechanism for how phosphorylation at a discrete site contributes to accumulation of a tau proteoform.
Role of grain-level chemo-mechanics in composite cathode degradation of solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Liu Chuanlai , Roters Franz , Raabe Dierk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolid-state Li-ion batteries, based on Ni-rich oxide cathodes and Li-metal anodes, can theoretically reach a high specific energy of 393 Wh kg−1 and hold promise for electrochemical storage. However, Li intercalation-induced dimensional changes can lead to crystal defect formation in these cathodes, and contact mechanics problems between cathode and solid electrolyte. Understanding the interplay between cathode microstructure, operating conditions, micromechanics of battery materials, and capacity decay remains a challenge. Here, we present a microstructure-sensitive chemo-mechanical model to study the impact of grain-level chemo-mechanics on the degradation of composite cathodes. We reveal that crystalline anisotropy, state-of-charge-dependent Li diffusion rates, and lattice dimension changes drive dislocation formation in cathodes and contact loss at the cathode/electrolyte interface. These dislocations induce large lattice strain and trigger oxygen loss and structural degradation preferentially near the surface area of cathode particles. Moreover, contact loss is caused by the micromechanics resulting from the crystalline anisotropy of cathodes and the mechanical properties of solid electrolytes, not just operating conditions. These findings highlight the significance of grain-level cathode microstructures in causing cracking, formation of crystal defects, and chemo-mechanical degradation of solid-state batteries.
Prebiotic chiral transfer from self-aminoacylating ribozymes may favor either handedness
Authors: Kenchel Josh , Vázquez-Salazar Alberto , Wells Reno , Brunton Krishna , Janzen Evan , Schultz Kyle M. , Liu Ziwei , Li Weiwei , Parker Eric T. , Dworkin Jason P. , Chen Irene A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModern life is essentially homochiral, containing D-sugars in nucleic acid backbones and L-amino acids in proteins. Since coded proteins are theorized to have developed from a prebiotic RNA World, the homochirality of L-amino acids observed in all known life presumably resulted from chiral transfer from a homochiral D-RNA World. This transfer would have been mediated by aminoacyl-RNAs defining the genetic code. Previous work on aminoacyl transfer using tRNA mimics has suggested that aminoacylation using D-RNA may be inherently biased toward reactivity with L-amino acids, implying a deterministic path from a D-RNA World to L-proteins. Using a model system of self-aminoacylating D-ribozymes and epimerizable activated amino acid analogs, we test the chiral selectivity of 15 ribozymes derived from an exhaustive search of sequence space. All of the ribozymes exhibit detectable selectivity, and a substantial fraction react preferentially to produce the D-enantiomer of the product. Furthermore, chiral preference is conserved within sequence families. These results are consistent with the transfer of chiral information from RNA to proteins but do not support an intrinsic bias of D-RNA for L-amino acids. Different aminoacylation structures result in different directions of chiral selectivity, such that L-proteins need not emerge from a D-RNA World.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the morabine grasshopper Vandiemenella viatica19
Authors: Li Xuan , Jayaprasad Suvratha , Einarsdottir Elisabet , Cooper Steven J. B. , Suh Alexander , Kawakami Takeshi , Palacios-Gimenez Octavio Manuel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMorabine grasshoppers in the Vandiemenella viatica species group, which show karyotype diversity, have been studied for their ecological distribution and speciation in relation to their genetic and chromosomal diversity. They are good models for studying sex chromosome evolution as “old” and newly emerged sex chromosomes co-exist within the group. Here we present a reference genome for the viatica19 chromosomal race, that possesses the ancestral karyotype within the group. Using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing, we generated a chromosome-level assembly of 4.09 Gb in span, scaffold N50 of 429 Mb, and complete BUSCO score of 98.1%, containing 10 pseudo-chromosomes. We provide Illumina datasets of males and females, used to identify the X chromosome. The assembly contains 19,034 predicted protein-coding genes, and a total of 75.21% of repetitive DNA sequences. By leveraging HiFi reads, we mapped the genome-wide distribution of methylated bases (5mC and 6 mA). This comprehensive assembly offers a robust reference for morabine grasshoppers and supports further research into speciation and sex chromosome diversification within the group and its related species.
Oculomic stratification of COVID-19 patients’ intensive therapy unit admission status and mortality by retinal morphological findings
Authors: Courtie Ella , Taylor Matthew , Danks Dominic , Acharjee Animesh , Jackson Thomas , Logan Ann , Veenith Tonny , Blanch Richard J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo investigate if retinal thickness has predictive utility in COVID-19 outcomes by evaluating the statistical association between retinal thickness using OCT and of COVID-19-related mortality. Secondary outcomes included associations between retinal thickness and length of stay (LoS) in hospital. In this retrospective cohort study, OCT scans from 230 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ITU) were compared with age and gender-matched patients with pneumonia from before March 2020. Total retinal, GCL + IPL, and RNFL thicknesses were recorded, and analysed with systemic measures collected at the time of admission and mortality outcomes, using linear regression models, Pearson’s R correlation, and Principal Component Analysis. Retinal thickness was significantly associated with all-time mortality on follow up in the COVID-19 group (p = 0.015), but not 28-day mortality (p = 0.151). Retinal and GCL + IPL layer thicknesses were both significantly associated with LoS in hospital for COVID-19 patients (p = 0.006 for both), but not for patients with pneumonia (p = 0.706 and 0.989 respectively). RNFL thickness was not associated with LoS in either group (COVID-19 p = 0.097, pneumonia p = 0.692). Retinal thickness associated with LoS in hospital and long-term mortality in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that retinal structure could be a surrogate marker for frailty and predictor of disease severity in this group of patients, but not in patients with pneumonia from other causes.
The impact of ammonia on particle formation in the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer
Authors: Xenofontos Christos , Kohl Matthias , Ruhl Samuel , Almeida João , Beckmann Hannah M. , Caudillo-Plath Lucía , Ehrhart Sebastian , Höhler Kristina , Kaniyodical Sebastian Milin , Kong Weimeng , Kunkler Felix , Onnela Antti , Rato Pedro , Russell Douglas M. , Simon Mario , Stark Leander , Umo Nsikanabasi Silas , Unfer Gabriela R. , Yang Boxing , Yu Wenjuan , Zauner-Wieczorek Marcel , Zgheib Imad , Zheng Zhensen , Curtius Joachim , Donahue Neil M. , El Haddad Imad , Flagan Richard C. , Gordon Hamish , Harder Hartwig , He Xu-Cheng , Kirkby Jasper , Kulmala Markku , Möhler Ottmar , Pöhlker Mira L. , Schobesberger Siegfried , Volkamer Rainer , Wang Mingyi , Borrmann Stephan , Pozzer Andrea , Lelieveld Jos , Christoudias Theodoros 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring summer, ammonia emissions in Southeast Asia influence air pollution and cloud formation. Convective transport by the South Asian monsoon carries these pollutant air masses into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), where they accumulate under anticyclonic flow conditions. This air mass accumulation is thought to contribute to particle formation and the development of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). Despite the known influence of ammonia and particulate ammonium on air pollution, a comprehensive understanding of the ATAL is lacking. In this modelling study, the influence of ammonia on particle formation is assessed with emphasis on the ATAL. We use the EMAC chemistry-climate model, incorporating new particle formation parameterisations derived from experiments at the CERN CLOUD chamber. Our diurnal cycle analysis confirms that new particle formation mainly occurs during daylight, with a 10-fold enhancement in rate. This increase is prominent in the South Asian monsoon UTLS, where deep convection introduces high ammonia levels from the boundary layer, compared to a baseline scenario without ammonia. Our model simulations reveal that this ammonia-driven particle formation and growth contributes to an increase of up to 80% in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations at cloud-forming heights in the South Asian monsoon region. We find that ammonia profoundly influences the aerosol mass and composition in the ATAL through particle growth, as indicated by an order of magnitude increase in nitrate levels linked to ammonia emissions. However, the effect of ammonia-driven new particle formation on aerosol mass in the ATAL is relatively small. Ammonia emissions enhance the regional aerosol optical depth (AOD) for shortwave solar radiation by up to 70%. We conclude that ammonia has a pronounced effect on the ATAL development, composition, the regional AOD, and CCN concentrations.
On conditions influencing widespread deployment and commercialisation of space division multiplexing optical fibres in submarine cable systems
Authors: Downie John D. , Makovejs Sergejs , Tandon Pushkar , Bennett Kevin , Tuggle Matthew , Butler Douglas , DePedro Hector , Jung Yongmin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe authors examine the state of submarine cable systems and conditions affecting potential widespread deployment of new spatial division multiplexing technologies, such as multicore optical fibre. The authors address areas such as cable capacity requirements, techno‐economic constraints, multicore fibre characteristics, and performance and other necessary technology advances.
Perioperative Management for Port Catheter Procedures in Pediatric Patients with Severe Hemophilia and Inhibitors
Authors: Woestemeier Anna , Horneff Silvia , Lüder Vincent Marlon , Nadal Jennifer , Koscielny Arne , Kalff Jörg C. , Oldenburg Johannes , Goldmann Georg , Lingohr Philipp 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background The objective of this systematic study was to assess the perioperative management and outcome of surgery in pediatric patients with hemophilia A/B and inhibitors compared to nonhemophilic pediatric patients.
Methods The surgical outcome of 69 port catheter operations in patients with hemophilia who developed inhibitory antibodies against the administered factor was compared to 51 procedures in the control group. In the patients with hemophilia and inhibitors, a standardized protocol for recombinant activated factor VII was used to prevent perioperative bleeding.
Results Hemophilic pediatric patients with inhibitors showed no significant differences in perioperative management (blood transfusion: p = 0.067, duration of surgery: p = 0.69; p = 0.824) in comparison to patients without hemophilia. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in pediatric patients with hemophilia and inhibitors (20 days vs. 4 days for insertion; 12 days vs. 1 day for explantation). Moreover, no statistically significant difference was found for secondary bleeding (three patients with hemophilia vs. none in the control group; p = 0.11) or surgical complications (five hemophilia patients vs. none with grade I complication; one hemophilia patient vs. none with grade II complications; p = 0.067).
Conclusion This study has demonstrated that port catheter insertion and removal is safe in these patients. Moreover, it shows the importance of a coordinated approach with a multidisciplinary team.
Homöopathische Behandlungen im stationären Alltag der
psychosomatischen Abteilung der Klinik Lahnhöhe
Authors: Eick Christine 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie psychosomatische Abteilung der Klinik Lahnhöhe hält ein umfassendes
komplementärmedizinisches Behandlungskonzept vor, das Ernährung, Psychotherapie
und insbesondere eine homöopathische Behandlung umfasst. Die homöopathische
Arbeitsweise im stationären Alltag wird dargestellt und an mehreren
Fallbeispielen illustriert.
Lymphovascular invasion is a dominant risk factor for lymph node metastasis in T2 rectal cancer
Authors: Medic Selma , Nilsson Emelie , Rönnow Carl-Fredrik , Thorlacius Henrik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Surgical resection is standard treatment of T2 rectal cancer due to risk of concomitant lymph node metastases (LNM). Local resection could potentially be an alternative to surgical treatment in a subgroup of patients with low risk of LNM. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and histopathological risk factors of LNM in T2 rectal cancer.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective registry-based population study on prospectively collected data on all patients with T2 rectal cancer undergoing surgical resection in Sweden between 2009 and 2021. Potential risk factors of LNM, including age, gender, resection margin, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), histologic grade, mucinous cancer, and perineural invasion (PNI) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
Results Of 1607 patients, 343 (21%) with T2 rectal cancer had LNM. LVI (odds ratio [OR] = 4.21, P < 0.001) and age < 60 years (OR = 1.80, P < 0.001) were significant and independent risk factors. However, PNI (OR = 1.50, P = 0.15), mucinous cancer (OR = 1.14, P = 0.60), histologic grade (OR = 1.47, P = 0.07) and non-radical resection margin (OR = 1.64, P = 0.38) were not significant risk factors for LNM in multivariate analyses. The incidence of LNM was 15% in the absence of any risk factor.
Conclusions This was a large study on LNM in T2 rectal cancer which showed that LVI is the dominant risk factor. Moreover, low age constituted an independent risk factor, whereas gender, resection margin, PNI, histologic grade, and mucinous cancer were not independent risk factors of LNM. Thus, these findings may provide a useful basis for management of patients after local resection of early rectal cancer.
Pediatric Scapular Cavernous Hemangioma Presenting with Kasabach–Merritt Syndrome and Controlled by Preoperative Angioembolization: A Case Report
Authors: Pande Pooja , Bhame Suraj , Bansal Harshit , Ranjan Raghwesh , Saha Soumitra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntraosseous hemangioma is a common and benign vascular tumor with a propensity to occur in any bone of the body. Although the most common skeletal sites are the craniofacial bones and the spine, hemangioma of the scapula is a rare occurrence, which is rarer in the pediatric population. Kasabach–Merritt syndrome (KMS) is characterized by the combination of a rapidly growing vascular tumor, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and consumptive coagulopathy. This condition can cause massive bleeding even after minor trauma and immediate operative management is usually contraindicated.We report a rare case of KMS in an 8-year-old girl with cavernous hemangioma of the scapula presenting with progressively increasing shoulder mass, thrombocytopenia, and serially falling hemoglobin levels. She was treated with preoperative angioembolization to manage the consumptive coagulopathy followed by surgery poststabilization. Intraosseous hemangiomas, while benign, can show aggressive features on imaging and angioembolization can be a life-saving tool in the management of vascular tumors presenting with consumptive coagulopathy. Intraosseous hemangiomas, while benign, can show aggressive features on imaging and angioembolization can be a life-saving tool in the management of vascular tumors presenting with consumptive coagulopathy.