bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic brain abnormalities in young healthy adults with childhood trauma: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of regional homogeneity and functional connectivity
Authors: Lu Shaojia , Gao Weijia , Wei Zhaoguo , Wang Dandan , Hu Shaohua , Huang Manli , Xu Yi , Li Lingjiang 
Published: October 2016

Objective: Childhood trauma confers great risk for the development of multiple psychiatric disorders; however, the neural basis for this association is still unknown. The present resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to detect the effects of childhood trauma on brain function in a group of young healthy adults. Methods: In total, 24 healthy individuals with childhood trauma and 24 age- and sex-matched adults without childhood trauma were recruited. Each participant underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Intra-regional brain activity was evaluated by regional homogeneity method and compared between groups. Areas with altered regional homogeneity were further selected as seeds in subsequent functional connectivity analysis. Statistical analyses were performed by setting current depression and anxiety as covariates. Results: Adults with childhood trauma showed decreased regional homogeneity in bilateral superior temporal gyrus and insula, and the right inferior parietal lobule, as well as increased regional homogeneity in the right cerebellum and left middle temporal gyrus. Regional homogeneity values in the left middle temporal gyrus, right insula and right cerebellum were correlated with childhood trauma severity. In addition, individuals with childhood trauma also exhibited altered default mode network, cerebellum-default mode network and insula-default mode network connectivity when the left middle temporal gyrus, right cerebellum and right insula were selected as seed area, respectively. Conclusion: The present outcomes suggest that childhood trauma is associated with disturbed intrinsic brain function, especially the default mode network, in adults even without psychiatric diagnoses, which may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and psychiatric disorders in later life.
Short-run impact of electricity storage on CO2 emissions in power systems with high penetrations of wind power: A case-study of Ireland
Authors: McKenna Eoghan , Barton John , Thomson Murray 
Published: October 2016

This article studies the impact on CO2 emissions of electrical storage systems in power systems with high penetrations of wind generation. Using the Irish All-Island power system as a case-study, data on the observed dispatch of each large generator for the years 2008 to 2012 was used to estimate a marginal emissions factor of 0.547 kgCO2/kWh. Selected storage operation scenarios were used to estimate storage emissions factors – the carbon emissions impact associated with each unit of storage energy used. The results show that carbon emissions increase in the short-run for all storage technologies when consistently operated in ‘peak shaving and trough filling’ modes, and indicate that this should also be true for the GB and US power systems. Carbon emissions increase when storage is operated in ‘wind balancing’ mode, but reduce when storage is operated to reduce wind power curtailment, as in this case wind power operates on the margin. For power systems where wind is curtailed to maintain system stability, the results show that energy storage technologies that provide synthetic inertia achieve considerably greater carbon reductions. The results highlight a tension for policy makers and investors in storage, as scenarios based on the operation of storage for economic gains increase emissions, while those that decrease emissions are unlikely to be economically favourable. While some scenarios indicate storage increases emissions in the short-run, these should be considered alongside long-run assessments, which indicate that energy storage is essential to the secure operation of a fossil fuel-free grid.
Ethical competence: An integrative review
Authors: Lechasseur Kathleen , Caux Chantal , Dollé Stéphanie , Legault Alain 
Published: October 2016

Background: Ethics, being a fundamental component of nursing practice, must be integrated in the nursing education curriculum. Even though different bodies are promoting ethics and nursing researchers have already carried out work as regards this concept, it still remains difficult to clearly identify the components of this competence. Objective: This integrative review intends to clarify this point in addition to better defining ethical competence in the context of nursing practice. Method: An integrative review was carried out, for the 2009–2014 period, in the CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases and in the journal Nursing Ethics. The keywords nursing ethics or ethical competence were used in order to make sure to widely encompass the concept of “ethical competence” in the case of a university curriculum in nursing. In the end, 89 articles were selected. Ethical consideration: We have respected the ethical requirements required regarding the sources and authorship. There is no conflict of interest in this literature review. Results: Ethical sensitivity, Ethical knowledge, Ethical reflection, Ethical decision-making, Ethical action, and Ethical behavior are the most frequently used terms with regard to ethical competence in nursing. They were then defined so as to better ascertain the possible components of ethical competence in nursing. Conclusion: Even though ethical competence represents a sine qua non competence in nursing practice, no consensus can be found in literature with respect to its definition. The identification of its components and their relationships resulting from this integrative review adds to the clarification of its definition. It paves the way for other studies that will contribute to a better understanding of its development, especially among nursing students and practicing nurses, as well as the factors that may exert an influence. More adapted education strategies can thus be put forward to support its development.
The conundrum of hanging points in correctional facilities
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , Pridmore William 
Published: October 2016

Objective: We aimed to explore aspects of the removal of hanging points from correctional facilities. Conclusion: An argument can be made that individuals have a right to die/suicide. The United Nations holds that except for freedom of movement, prisoners have the same rights as non-prisoners. The rights of the individual and the duty of many custodial institutions are in conflict. This introduces a conundrum; when all hanging points are removed from correctional facilities, prisoners without mental disorder, but with a sustained wish to die, will not be able to achieve that end, while non-prisoners will be well able to do so.
Single and mixed feline lungworm infections: clinical, radiographic and therapeutic features of 26 cases (2013–2015)
Authors: Crisi Paolo E , Aste Giovanni , Traversa Donato , Di Cesare Angela , Febo Elettra , Vignoli Massimo , Santori Domenico , Luciani Alessia , Boari Andrea 
Published: October 2016

Objectives The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe clinical, radiographic and therapeutic features of feline lungworm infection. Methods Medical records of cats with lungworm diagnosis, thoracic radiography and without concurrent diseases between 2013 and 2015 were reviewed. Collection of data included physical examination, haematology, serum biochemistry, therapy with a variety of anthelmintics and outcomes. Results Thirty-seven records were recovered and 26 were included in the study. Single infections by Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (n = 15), Troglostrongylus brevior (n = 3) and Capillaria aerophila (n = 1) and coinfections by T brevior/ A abstrusus (n = 6) and T brevior/ C aerophila (n = 1) were diagnosed. The most common respiratory signs were coughing (n = 12), increased vesicular sounds (n = 10), dyspnoea (n = 9), such as laboured breathing, orthopnoea or open-mouth breathing, and tachypnoea (n = 6). Two cats were subclinically infected. The most common laboratory abnormality was anaemia (n = 7). Radiographic patterns recorded were interstitial (n = 24), bronchial (n = 21), alveolar (n = 10) and vascular (n = 2). Twenty-five cats had a complete recovery within 2–6 weeks of therapy. One kitten died 7 days after the diagnosis. Conclusions and relevance Lungworms should always be included in the differential diagnosis in cats living in endemic areas and presenting with respiratory signs and radiographic abnormalities. A copromicroscopic examination should be considered as the first diagnostic step for all cats at risk of lungworm infections. In most cases, timely therapy with a variety of anthelmintics guarantees recovery.
Placement of subcutaneous ureteral bypasses without fluoroscopic guidance in cats with ureteral obstruction: 19 cases (2014–2016)
Authors: Livet Véronique , Pillard Paul , Goy-Thollot Isabelle , Maleca David , Cabon Quentin , Remy Denise , Fau Didier , Viguier Éric , Pouzot Céline , Carozzo Claude , Cachon Thibaut 
Published: October 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the perioperative and postoperative complications as well as short-term and long-term outcomes in cats with ureteral obstructions treated by placement of a subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device without imaging control. The second objective of this study was to compare cats treated by SUB device with cats treated by traditional surgical intervention. Methods Data were obtained retrospectively from the medical records (2014–2016) of cats that underwent SUB placement (SUB cats) and cats that underwent traditional ureteral surgery (C cats). Results Nineteen SUB devices were placed without fluoroscopic, radiographic or ultrasonographic guidance in 13 cats. Fifteen traditional interventions (ureterotomy and neoureterocystostomy) were performed in 11 cats. Successful placement of the SUB device was achieved in all cats with only one major intraoperative complication (kinking of the kidney catheter) and one minor intraoperative complication (misplacement of the kidney catheter). Eleven SUB cats recovered from the surgical procedure; two SUB cats and three C cats died during the anaesthesia recovery period. Postoperative SUB complications included anaemia (n = 2), urinary tract infection (UTI) (n = 4), non-infectious cystitis (n = 5) and SUB device obstruction (n = 1). Postoperative traditional surgery complications included anaemia (n = 7), UTIs (n = 6), non-infectious cystitis (n = 1), re-obstruction (n = 4) and ureteral stricture (n = 1). Median postoperative duration of hospitalisation (3 days) was significantly shorter for SUB cats than for C cats ( P = 0.013). Ten SUB cats (76.9%) and four C cats (40%) were still alive at a median follow-up of 225 days and 260 days, respectively. Owners were completely (90%) or mostly (10%) satisfied with the SUB device placement. Conclusions and relevance SUB device placement appears to be an effective and safe option for treating ureteral obstruction in cats, and this study has shown that fluoroscopic guidance is not essential in all cases.
Changes in stroke incidence, outcome, and associated factors in Porto between 1998 and 2011
Authors: Correia Manuel , Magalhães Rui , Felgueiras Rui , Quintas Cláudia , Guimarães Laura , Silva Maria C 
Published: October 2016

Objective Year 2000 marked a turning point in stroke prevention and treatment in Portugal. In face of high incidence rates stroke awareness campaigns, close surveillance of vascular risk factors and implementation of hospital stroke units were advanced by the National Health Authorities. To understand the effect of such measures, we assessed changes in stroke incidence and short-term outcome using data from two community-based registers undertaken in Porto in 1998–2000 and 2009–2011. Methods We used standard diagnostic criteria and multiple overlapping sources of case-ascertainment for first-ever strokes. Short-term outcome was measured by the modified Rankin Scale; disabling stroke was defined whenever post-stroke mRS score>pre-stroke mRS and >1. Results Globally, 462 and 405 first-ever stroke cases were registered in 1998–2000 and 2009–2011, respectively. Stroke incidence decreased by 23%, from 261 to 203/100,000 after adjustment for the Portuguese population. Significant reduction was found in those aged <75 years (31%) and in women (32%). Incidence of disabling strokes was reduced by 29%. Fatal strokes decreased by 46%, while intracerebral hemorrhage decreased by 51%. Risk of disability from stroke decreased by 11% (RR = 0.89; 95%CI, 0.81–0.98) in 2009–2011, as found after adjusting for patient/stroke characteristics in a Poisson model. Moreover, when patients arrived hospital within 3 h from stroke onset, the risk of disabling stroke was 0.76 (95%CI, 0.67–0.87) in 2009–2011 vs. 1998–2000, compared to 1.03 (95%CI, 0.89–1.12) for late arrival. Conclusion Risk of stroke, mainly of hemorrhagic stroke, was substantially reduced over time. Timely action in acute phase was responsible for the decline in disability across periods.
Performance of short ECG recordings twice daily to detect paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in stroke and transient ischemic attack patients
Authors: Poulsen Mai B , Binici Zeynep , Dominguez Helena , Soja Anne MB , Kruuse Christina , Hornnes Agnete H , Rasmussen Rune S , Overgaard Karsten 
Published: October 2016

Aims Prolonged cardiac monitoring after stroke is recommended though there is no consensus on optimal methods. Short-term ECG recordings with a “thumb-ECG” device have shown promising preliminary results regarding effectiveness and cost benefit. We aimed to examine the performance of thumb-ECG and five days’ Holter monitoring in a prospective trial. A secondary endpoint was the inter-observer agreement of the thumb-ECG. Methods Patients older than 65 years with no history of atrial fibrillation who suffered an acute stroke or transient ischemic attack of unknown origin were prospectively included. Patients were monitored for atrial fibrillation with five days’ Holter and concurrent 30 s thumb-ECG twice daily, the latter continuing for 30 days. Inter-observer agreement for the thumb-ECG was determined. Results One hundred patients were included and 95 patients were analyzed. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 20 patients with the thumb-ECG recordings and 17 patients on the Holter monitoring. Only 10 were diagnosed with both methods. The difference between the detection rates of the two devices was not significant ( p = 0.63). The inter-observer agreement of the thumb-ECG had a kappa value of 0.65. Conclusion Thirty days’ thumb-ECG recordings twice daily for 30 s detect a high proportion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in a stroke or transient ischemic attack cohort. The proportion was comparable to five days’ Holter monitoring but the agreement between the two methods was poor and the trial was not powered to detect a minor difference between the devices. The inter-observer agreement for the thumb-ECG was substantial. www.clinicalTrials.gov UI: NCT02261766
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an orally disintegrating tablet formulation of dexlansoprazole
Authors: Kukulka Michael , Nudurupati Sai , Perez Maria Claudia 
Published: October 2016

Background: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulation of delayed-release dexlansoprazole 30 mg was evaluated versus the dexlansoprazole 30 mg capsule in this phase I, open-label, multiple-dose, randomized, two-period crossover study. Methods: Healthy adults received daily doses of 30 mg dexlansoprazole ODT or 30 mg dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsule for 5 days during two treatment periods, separated by a 7-day washout interval. Blood samples for dexlansoprazole plasma concentrations and intragastric pH measurements were collected through 24 hours postdose on days 1 and 5 of each period. Results: Bioequivalence between the 30 mg ODT and 30 mg capsule dosage forms was demonstrated by the primary endpoints of dexlansoprazole peak concentration ( Cmax) and systemic exposure (AUC) values contained within the prespecified 90% confidence interval (CI) range of 0.80–1.25. Additional primary endpoints of intragastric mean pH values and percentage of time with pH > 4 over the 24-hour postdose interval were equivalent for dexlansoprazole ODT and dexlansoprazole capsule. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 23% and 28% of participants receiving the ODT and capsule formulations, respectively. Headache was the most common adverse event in both treatment regimens (5.8% with ODT and 6.0% with capsule). Conclusions: Administration of dexlansoprazole 30 mg ODT or 30 mg capsule provided equivalent plasma exposure when either was administered as a single dose or as once daily doses for 5 days. Pharmacodynamic equivalence between the two formulations was demonstrated by similar intragastric pH parameters on both day 1 and day 5. No effect of day on dexlansoprazole pharmacokinetics was observed. Dexlansoprazole ODT and dexlansoprazole capsule were both well tolerated.
Anterior Shoulder Instability in the Military Athlete
Authors: Waterman Brian , Owens Brett D. , Tokish John M. 
Published: October 2016

Context: Given its young, predominately male demographics and intense physical demands, the US military remains an ideal cohort for the study of anterior shoulder instability. Evidence Acquisition: A literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database was performed to identify all peer-reviewed publications from 1950 to 2016 from US military orthopaedic surgeons focusing on the management of anterior shoulder instability. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: The incidence of anterior shoulder instability events in the military occurs at an order of magnitude greater than in civilian populations, with rates as high as 3% per year among high-risk groups. With more than 90% risk of a Bankart lesion and high risk for instability recurrence, the military has advocated for early intervention of first-time shoulder instability while documenting up to 76% relative risk reduction versus nonoperative treatment. Preoperative evaluation with advanced radiographic imaging should be used to evaluate for attritional bone loss or “off-track” engaging defects to guide comprehensive surgical management. With complex recurrent shoulder instability and/or cases of clinically significant osseous lesions, potential options such as remplissage, anterior open capsular procedures, or bone augmentation procedures may be preferentially considered. Conclusion: Careful risk stratification, clinical evaluation, and selective surgical management for at-risk military patients with anterior shoulder instability can optimize the recurrence risk and functional outcome in this population.
Particulated Juvenile Articular Cartilage Allograft Transplantation for Osteochondral Talar Lesions
Authors: Saltzman Bryan M. , Lin Johnny , Lee Simon 
Published: October 2016

Objective To report on our institution’s early results from juvenile particulate cartilage allograft transplantation of the talus. Design Because of the relative rarity of the procedure at the talus, it was decided to provide a comprehensive understanding of the currently available evidence via a 2-part study with (1) a systematic review of the literature and (2) a retrospective single-center cohort study of the authors’ patients, their demographics, and their early outcomes. Results (1) Four studies were included with 33 ankles with a weighted mean follow-up of 14.3 months. Only 1 ankle (3.3%) was converted to a revision open osteochondral allograft with medial malleolar osteotomy at 16 months postoperative; 6 (18.2%) required nonrevision type reoperations at an average of 15 months postoperative. (2) Six patients with mean age 35.7 ± 14.4 years were evaluated from the authors’ institution at mean 13.04 ± 8.35 months’ follow-up. All reported subjective improvements in pain and motion, and functional improvements, although postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in 3 patients at time points between 3 months and 2 years postoperative demonstrate persistent subchondral edema and nonuniform chondral surface in the talus. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, and there have been no reoperations. Conclusion Preliminary data suggest that treatment of large, traumatic or atraumatic, symptomatic osteochondral talar defects with particulated juvenile cartilage transplantation may improve patient subjective complaints of pain and function. Systematic review of the available literature highlights the need for future prospective, larger cohort studies of its use on the talus but suggests similar potential for the technology.
Compliance with evidence‐based multidisciplinary guidelines on perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Coelen Robert JS , Huiskens Joost , Olthof Pim B , Roos Eva , Wiggers Jimme K , Schoorlemmer Annuska , van Delden Otto M , Klümpen Heinz‐Josef , Rauws Erik AJ , van Gulik Thomas M 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundDiscrepancies are often noted between management of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) in regional hospitals and the eventual treatment plan in specialized centers.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to evaluate whether regional centers adhere to guideline recommendations following implementation in 2013.MethodsData were analyzed from all consecutive patients with suspected PHC referred to our academic center between June 2013 and December 2015. Frequency and quality of biliary drainage and imaging at referring centers were assessed as well as the impact of inadequate initial drainage.ResultsBiliary drainage was attempted at regional centers in 83 of 158 patients (52.5%), with a technical and therapeutic success rate of 79.5% and 50%, respectively, and a complication rate of 45.8%. The computed tomography protocol was not in accordance with guidelines in 52.8% of referrals. In 45 patients (54.2%) who underwent drainage in regional centers, additional drainage procedures were required after referral. Initial inadequate biliary drainage at a regional center was significantly associated with more procedures and a prolonged waiting time until surgery. A trend toward more drainage‐related complications was observed among patients with inadequate initial drainage (54.7% vs. 39.0%, p  = 0.061).ConclusionDespite available guidelines, suboptimal management of PHC persists in many regional centers and affects eventual treatment strategies.