bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: GLYCOSYLATION BY D‐FRUCTOFURANOSE THIO ORTHO ESTERS
Authors: BACKINOWSKY L. V. , BALAN N. F. , BETANELI V. I. , KOCHETKOV N. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Fructosebenzoat (I) wird über das Bromderivat (II) der Thioorthoester (III) hergestellt, der als exoendo‐Gernisch anfällt.
ChemInform Abstract: WHY DO ALL SPIROBENZYLISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS INCORPORATE A METHYLENEDIOXY SUBSTITUENT ON RING D?
Authors: BLASKO G. , HUSSAIN S. F. , SHAMMA M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen über den Ursprung der Methylendioxy‐Gruppe in dem Ring Dnatürlicher Spirobenzylisochinoline werden die Alkaloide Fumarilin (Ia), Parfumidin (Ib) und Parfumin (Ic) mit KOH in Gegenwart der Alkohole (II) behandelt, wobei unter selektiver Spaltung der Methylendioxy‐Gruppe und gleichzeitiger Alkylierung die monofunktionalisierten Diole (III) entstehen; (IIIa) und (IIIc)‐(IIIe) werden in die Acetate (IV) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ARA‐ADENYLYL‐(3′→5′)‐ARA‐ADENYLYL‐(3′→5′)‐ARA‐A(ARA‐(A3′P5′A3′P5A# ))
Authors: GIOELI C. , CHATTOPADHYAYA J. B. , DRAKE A. F. , OEBERG B. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Arabinofuranosyladenin (Ia) wird sukzessiv in die Derivate (Ib) bis (Ie) übergeführt; ausgehend von (Ie) ist dann unter Verwendung der Bausteine (Ic) bzw. (II) auf dem angegebenen Weg das geschützte Arabinotrinucleosiddiphosphat (IVa) erhältlich, das zur Titelverbindung (IVb) deblockiert wird.
An OpenCL‐accelerated parallel immunodominance clone selection algorithm for feature selection
Authors: Zhu Huming , Wu Yanfei , Li Pei , Zhang Peng , Ji Zhe , Gong Maoguo 
Published: April 2016

SummaryImmunodominance clone selection algorithm (ICSA) is a robust and effective metaheuristic method for feature selection problem. However, ICSA is usually slow in finding the optimal solution. In this paper, we propose a parallel immunodominance clone selection algorithm (PICSA) on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to improve the speedup of ICSA for feature selection problem. The parallel program can considerably accelerate the feature selection operator. The immunodominance operator, which efficiently connects the local and global information, makes the algorithm able to jump out of the local optimum easily and obtain the global optimum. When comparing with other parallel languages, Open Computing Language (OpenCL) has advantages both in efficiency and portability. Therefore, we use OpenCL to implement this algorithm on Intel many integrated core and different GPU platforms. Experiment results obtained using high‐dimensional UCI machine learning and image texture datasets demonstrate that the PICSA algorithm allows one to achieve good acceleration ratio while maintaining similar classification accuracy to serial ICSA program. Besides, the OpenCL‐based implementation of PICSA shows good portability on many integrated core and different GPU platforms as well. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic Core–Shell to Yolk–Shell Structures in Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions: Heterogeneous versus Homogeneous Nature
Authors: Li Yinle , Zhang Zhuqing , Fan Tao , Li Xiaoguang , Ji Jin , Dong Pei , Baines Robert , Shen Jianfeng , Ye Mingxin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study describes a comparative investigation on the heterogeneous versus homogeneous nature of the Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction mechanism with specific magnetic hierarchical core–shell and yolk–shell structures. The hierarchical core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2‐Pd@mCeO2 (m=mesoporous) catalyst contains a core of nonporous silica‐sheltered magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs), a transition layer of active palladium (Pd) NPs, and an outer shell of porous ceria (CeO2). The magnetic yolk–shell Fe3O4@h‐Pd@mCeO2 (h=hollow) catalyst was prepared by selectively etching the nonporous silica interlayers. Notably, the results of the hot‐filtration heterogeneity test, the effect of Pd concentration, and solid‐phase poisoning, indicate that the two kinds of catalysts function in Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions through different catalytic mechanisms. Moreover, both catalysts demonstrated better catalytic activity than the Fe3O4@SiO2‐Pd catalyst. This finding can be ascribed to the outermost CeO2 shell having a high concentration of trivalent cerium and oxygen vacancies, which gives rise to the increased electron density of Pd NPs, and a faster rate‐determining step in the oxidative addition reaction for the Suzuki reaction. In addition, we propose a feasible mechanism elucidating the synergistic effect between the supporting CeO2 and active species.
Disordered 3 D Multi‐layer Graphene Anode Material from CO2 for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Smith Kassiopeia , Parrish Riley , Wei Wei , Liu Yuzi , Li Tao , Hu Yun Hang , Xiong Hui 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe report the application of disordered 3 D multi‐layer graphene, synthesized directly from CO2 gas through a reaction with Li at 550 °C, as an anode for Na‐ion batteries (SIBs) toward a sustainable and greener future. The material exhibited a reversible capacity of ∼190 mA h g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.5 % at a current density of 15 mA g−1. The discharge capacity at higher potentials (>0.2 V vs. Na/Na+) is ascribed to Na‐ion adsorption at defect sites, whereas the capacity at low potentials (<0.2 V) is ascribed to intercalation between graphene sheets through electrochemical characterization, Raman spectroscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments. The disordered multi‐layer graphene electrode demonstrated a great rate capability and cyclability. This novel approach to synthesize disordered 3 D multi‐layer graphene from CO2 gas makes it attractive not only as an anode material for SIBs but also to mitigate CO2 emission.
Protein changes in abalone foot muscle from three geographical populations of Haliotis diversicolor based on proteomic approach
Authors: Di Guilan , Miao Xiulian , Ke Caihuan , Kong Xianghui , Li Hui , You Weiwei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUsing two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, the foot muscle proteome of three geographical populations of Haliotis diversicolor were examined, with a total of 922 ± 21 protein spots detected in the Japanese population (JJ), 904 ± 25.6 in the Taiwanese population (TT), and 936 ± 16.2 in the Vietnamese population (VV). Of these, 254 spots showed differential expression and 85 protein spots percentage volumes varied more than twofold. Both “genotype” and “spot” analysis of variance approaches significantly showed differences among the three populations. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that TT and VV clustered together followed by clustering with JJ, which is consistent with their geographical location. Following matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, 30 differentially expressed proteins involved in major biological processes including energy production and storage and stress response were identified. Of these proteins, proteins pertaining to muscle contraction and muscle protein regulation showed highest expression levels in VV samples. Proteins involved in energy production and storage, including ATP synthase beta subunit, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase, arginine kinase, enolase, triosephosphate isomerase, and tauropine dehydrogenase, showed diverse expression patterns among the three populations. For stress‐responsive proteins, the expression of heat shock protein 70 was JJ > VV > TT. The expression pattern of Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase was JJ > VV > TT. Overall, these results may aid in the detection of new differentially expressed proteins within three different abalone populations.
DNA Release from a Bioelectronic Interface Stimulated by a DNA Signal – Amplification of DNA Signals
Authors: Gamella Maria , Guz Nataliia , Katz Evgeny 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new bioelectronic system activated by a DNA‐signal and releasing another DNA has been designed. The system was composed of two modified electrodes: one electrode functionalized with enzymes was activated with a DNA‐signal, while another electrode coated with an alginate film released pre‐loaded DNA species, when the first electrode was activated. The sensing electrode was functionalized with pyrroloquinoline quinone‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ‐GDH) producing negative potential in the presence of glucose. This bioelectrocatalytic process was inhibited by the presence of glucose oxidase (GOx) at the external surface of the biomolecular system organized on the electrode surface through a DNA‐linker. GOx consumed incoming glucose and did not allow its penetration to the internal layer functionalized with PQQ‐GDH, thus leaving the electrode mute. The DNA‐signal resulted in the detachment of GOx and activated the process biocatalyzed by PQQ‐GDH due to penetration of glucose to the internal layer at the electrode surface. Finally, formation of a negative potential on the sensing electrode resulted in the activation of the second electrode and DNA release from the alginate matrix. The Sense‐and‐Act system allowed amplification of the DNA‐signal by releasing much higher amount of DNA comparing with the applied DNA‐signal. The DNA‐signal amplification will find applications in various biosensor and biomolecular computing systems.
Amorphous single‐junction cells for vertical BIPV application with high bifaciality
Authors: Reininghaus Nies , Feser Clemens , Hanke Benedikt , Vehse Martin , Agert Carsten 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSolar cells used in building integration of photovoltaic cells (BIPV) are commonly made from crystalline wafer cells. This contribution investigates the challenges and benefits of using bifacial solar cells in vertical installations. We show that those cells get up to 13% more irradiance compared to optimum tilted south facing monofacial modules in Germany. The role of the n‐layer in thin amorphous bifacial single‐junction cells intended to be used as bifacial cells in BIPV applications is investigated. In contrast to the superstrate cell design, a transparent n‐layer and back contact play a key role to achieve high bifaciality. We therefore increased the transparency of the n‐layer by adding CO2, increasing the PH3 flow in the deposition gas and tested different thicknesses. With those measures, we reached a bifaciality of 98% for short‐circuit current density and 99% for open‐circuit voltage.
Comparison of social functioning in community‐living older individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a catchment area‐based study
Authors: van Liempt Saskia , Dols Annemiek , Schouws Sigfried , Stek Max L. , Meesters Paul D. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivePreserved social functioning is of utmost importance for older individuals living in the community to maintain independency. However, in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, it remains unclear which factors influence social functioning in later life.MethodsIn a catchment area‐based study in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 120 older (>60 years) community‐living patients with schizophrenia (n = 73) and with bipolar disorder (n = 47) were included. Clinical interviews on social functioning and psychometric measurements were applied.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia scored lower on all social measures (social functioning, social participation, network size, availability of confidants) compared with their peers with bipolar disorder. In patients with schizophrenia, lower social functioning was associated with having more negative symptoms and depressive symptoms. Age of onset was also associated with social functioning in schizophrenia, with higher scores in very late‐onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis. Unfavourable social functioning in patients with bipolar disorder was associated with lower cognitive functioning. Furthermore, in both groups, social functioning was not related to age, having offspring or the presence of a partner.ConclusionsIn community‐living older patients, schizophrenia has a more disruptive effect on social functioning than bipolar disorder, except in those with a very late‐onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis. Minimizing residual depressive symptoms and optimizing cognitive functioning may be targets for improving social functioning and independent‐living in older patients with severe mental illness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyzing Promiscuity at the Level of Active Compounds and Targets
Authors: Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the context of polypharmacology, promiscuity is defined as the ability of small molecules to specifically interact with multiple targets. In addition, promiscuity can also be viewed as a characteristic feature of targets by considering their ability to recognize structurally diverse molecules as well as compounds with multi‐target activities. Promiscuity estimates can be obtained through systematic mining of compound activity data. Currently available volumes of activity data are so large that it should be possible to derive statistically sound trends from their analysis. However, confidence criteria must be carefully considered when drawing conclusions from compound data mining. Herein, the results of recent promiscuity analyses are presented in context, including studies that view promiscuity from a target perspective.
Fitness, insulin sensitivity, and frontal lobe integrity in adults with overweight and obesity
Authors: Castro Mary Grace , Venutolo Christopher , Yau Po Lai , Convit Antonio 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo formally test whether insulin sensitivity mediates the relationship between fitness and brain integrity.MethodsEighty‐four middle‐aged participants without diabetes received a 6‐min walk test from which maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was derived, a structural magnetic resonance scan, and a medical evaluation including fasting glucose and insulin levels.ResultsThis study showed significant associations between fitness, abdominal obesity, and insulin sensitivity and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume as well as between ACC thickness and quantitative insulin‐sensitivity check index (QUICKI). The relationship between ACC volume and VO2 max was completely mediated through QUICKI. Further, this strong association was confirmed by a single and very significant cluster on the ACC linking gray matter volume and QUICKI in a voxel‐based morphometry analysis.ConclusionsAs expected, increased abdominal obesity was associated with reductions in fitness, ACC volumes, and insulin sensitivity. Importantly, this study demonstrated a significant mediation of the relationship between VO2 max and ACC volume by QUICKI. This suggests that the links between impaired insulin sensitivity and brain abnormalities in adults carrying excess weight could be alleviated through increased physical activity and fitness.
Oligomer production through glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate): effects of temperature and water content on reaction extent
Authors: Stoski Adriana , Viante Matheus Felipe , Nunes Cátia Santos , Muniz Edvani Curti , Felsner Maria Lurdes , Almeida Carlos Alberto Policiano 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUsing ethylene glycol (EG) and post‐consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles, monomers and oligomers were obtained through glycolysis catalyzed by zinc acetate. Three reaction temperatures (150, 160 and 170 °C) and water contents (0, 1.0 and 2.0% with respect to the volume of EG) were used as inputs; the extent of depolymerization as the analyzed response formed the basis for a factorial design experiment. The products obtained from PET glycolysis were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their morphology was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the presence of terephthalic acid, hydroxylated tetramers, bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate monomer and dimer, and also oligomers with various molecular weights, water being present in the reaction medium. Statistical analysis (95% confidence) indicated that temperature and water content were significant inputs for glycolysis of PET, with the temperature being much the more important factor. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic mapping of p53 immunogenicity in pancreatic, ovarian, and breast cancers
Authors: Katchman Benjamin A. , Barderas Rodrigo , Alam Rizwan , Chowell Diego , Field Matthew S. , Esserman Laura J. , Wallstrom Garrick , LaBaer Joshua , Cramer Daniel W. , Hollingsworth Michael A. , Anderson Karen S. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeMutations in TP53 induce autoantibody immune responses in a subset of cancer patients, which have been proposed as biomarkers for early detection. Here, we investigate the association of p53‐specific autoantibodies with multiple tumor subtypes and determine the association with p53 mutation status and epitope specificity.Experimental designIgG p53 autoantibodies (p53‐AAb), were quantified in 412 serum samples using a programmable ELISA assay from patients with serous ovarian, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer. To determine if patients generated mutation‐specific autoantibodies we designed a panel of the most relevant 51 p53 point mutant proteins, to be displayed on custom programmable protein microarrays. To determine the epitope specificity we displayed 12 overlapping tiling fragments and 38 N‐ and C‐terminal deletions spanning the length of the wild‐type p53 protein.ResultsWe detected p53‐AAb with sensitivities of 58.8% (ovarian), 22% (pancreatic), 32% (triple negative breast cancer), and 10.2% (HER2+ breast cancer) at 94% specificity. Sera with p53‐AAb contained broadly reactive autoantibodies to 51 displayed p53 mutant proteins, demonstrating a polyclonal response to common epitopes. All p53‐AAb displayed broad polyclonal immune response to both continuous and discontinuous epitopes at the N‐ and C‐terminus as well as the DNA‐binding domain.Conclusion and clinical relevanceIn this comprehensive analysis, mutations in tumor p53 induce strong, polyclonal autoantibodies with broadly reactive epitope specificity.
Role of Aif1 in regulation of cell death under environmental stress in Candida albicans
Authors: Ma Feiyang , Zhang Yueqi , Wang Yuzhou , Wan Yajuan , Miao Yunheng , Ma Tianyu , Yu Qilin , Li Mingchun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractApoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) is a conserved flavoprotein localized in the mitochondria, inducing apoptosis after translocation into the nucleus. However, its role in the important fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, remains to be investigated. In this study, we find that the C. albicans AIF protein Aif1, similar to its homologues in other organisms, is localized at the mitochondria and translocated into the nucleus under apoptosis‐inducing conditions. Moreover, deletion of AIF1 causes attenuated apoptosis in this pathogen under apoptosis‐inducing conditions, such as the treatment of 2 mm H2O2, 10 mm acetic acid or 0.08 mg/l caspofungin, and its overexpression enhances this process. Interestingly, treatment with high levels of these agents leads to reversed sensitivity of aif1Δ/Δ and the overexpression strain AIF1ov. In addition, the virulence of C. albicans is not affected by deletion or overexpression of AIF1. Hence, C. albicans Aif1, as a mitochondria‐localized protein, plays a dual role in the regulation of cell death under different concentrations of the stress‐caused agents. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current advances and prospectus of viral resistance in horticultural crops
Authors: Yeam Inhwa 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Viruses are a major threat causing massive yield loss and economical damage to crop production worldwide. Through complex evolutionary processes, plants encounter and overcome viral infection by developing effective resistance mechanisms. Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the nature of plant resistance to viruses at the molecular level. This review summarizes the major resistance strategies that plants use to prevent viral infection. Recent investigations suggest that antiviral RNA silencing is the most prevalent defense strategy in plants. Other forms of resistance include R gene-mediated resistance and host factor-related recessive resistance. Naturally occurring resistances arise and are maintained in numerous virus-plant pathosystems based mainly on arms-race relationships and the cost-efficiency of resistance acquisition. In addition to the current status of the known resistance mechanisms, this review discusses the future prospectus for the practical application of plant resistances that influence resistance durability in agricultural ecosystems. Such applications include molecular breeding strategies using advanced molecular marker systems and the utilization of trans- or cis- genetics via the acquisition of engineered disease resistances.
Clinical Issues‐May 2016
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon A. 
Published: April 2016

This MonthVariations in documenting surgical wound classificationKey words: surgical wound classification, clean, clean‐contaminated, contaminated, dirty.Wearing long‐sleeved jackets while preparing and packaging items for sterilizationKey words: long‐sleeved jackets, organic material, sterile processing.Endoscopic transmission of prionsKey words: prions, high‐risk tissue, low‐risk tissue, Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD), variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD).Wearing gloves when handling flexible endoscopesKey words: gloves, low‐protein, powder‐free, natural rubber latex gloves, latex‐free gloves.
Turbulent patterns made simple?
Authors: Manneville P. 
Published: April 2016

An observed, spectacular and puzzling distinctive feature of wall-bounded flows transitioning to/from turbulence is the large-scale ordered coexistence of laminar and turbulent flow over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. In their article, Chantry et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 791, 2016, R8) circumvent the problem of turbulence modulation in genuine plane Couette flow by replacing no-slip boundary conditions at the walls with effective stress-free conditions constraining the interior part of the flow only. In so doing, they are able to collect relevant information on the laminar–turbulent patterning. The approach is then adapted to plane Poiseuille and pipe flow, giving to it a more universal value. Taking advantage of the stress-free conditions, they derive reduced models efficient at capturing the laminar–turbulent coexistence. Such models would be useful to interpret recent findings in the large-aspect-ratio limit.