bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention and Blindness: Objectivity and Contingency in Moral Perception
Authors: Kukla Rebecca 
Published: June 2016

Moral perception, as the term is used in moral theory, is the perception of normatively contoured objects and states of affairs, where that perception enables us to engage in practical reason and judgment concerning these particulars. The idea that our capacity for moral perception is a crucial component of our capacity for moral reasoning and agency finds its most explicit origin in Aristotle, for whom virtue begins with the quality of perception. The focus on moral perception within moral theory has made a comeback in the last few decades, especially in the hands of self-proclaimed neo-Aristotelians such as John McDowell, Martha Nussbaum, and Nancy Sherman. For these writers, our perceptual capacities are not static, and the laborious honing of our perceptual skills is a crucial moral task. On this picture, as Nancy Sherman puts it, “How to see becomes as much a matter of inquiry as what to do.”Moral particularists—including but not restricted to the neo-Aristotelians—have emphasized the centrality of moral perception to moral agency and judgment, as a corrective to moral theories that treat deliberation in terms of universal principles as the privileged keystone of moral agency.
Functionalism, Computationalism, and Mental Contents
Authors: Piccinini Gualtiero 
Published: June 2016

Almost no one cites Sellars, while reinventing his wheels with gratifying regularity. (Dennett 1987, 349)In philosophy of mind, there is functionalism about mental states and functionalism about mental contents. The former — mental State functionalism — says that mentalstatesare individuated by their functional relations with mental inputs, Outputs, and other mental states. The latter — usually called functional or conceptual or inferential role semantics — says that mentalcontentsare constituted by their functional relations with mental inputs, Outputs, and other mental contents (and in some versions of the theory, with things in the environment). If we add to mental State functionalism the popular view that mental states have their content essentially, then mental state functionalism may be seen as a form of functional role semantics and a solution to theproblem of mental content,namely, the problem of giving a naturalistic explanation of mental content. According to this solution, the functional relations that constitute contents are physically realized — in a metaphysically unmysterious way — by the functional relations between mental inputs, outputs, and the mental states bearing those contents.
The Basic Structure as Object: Institutions and Humanitarian Concern
Authors: Wenar Leif 
Published: June 2016

One third of the human species is infested with worms. The World Health Organization estimates that worms account for 40 per cent of the global disease burden from tropical diseases excluding malaria. Worms cause a lot of misery.In this article I will focus on one particular type of infestation, which is hookworm. Approximately 740 million people suffer from hookworm infection in areas of rural poverty: more than one human in ten, a total greater than twenty-three times the population of Canada or twice the population of the United States. The greatest numbers of cases occur in China, Southeast Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa- that is, mostly in the places in the world where poverty is most severe.Hookworm larvae pierce the skin, enter the bloodstream, work their way into the heart and then into the lungs, where they climb the bronchial tree into the throat and are swallowed.
Obligation and Advantage in Hobbes' Leviathan
Authors: Peacock Mark 
Published: June 2016

In this essay, I examine two claims Hobbes makes about obligation in Leviathan:1) that obligation and ‘prudence’ (or advantage) are conceptually separate;2) that fulfilling one's obligations is to one's advantage.My thesis is that Hobbes seeks to reconcile these apparently conflicting claims by arguing that obligation and advantage are empirically identical. He does so, I hold (in contrast to many of his interpreters), without ‘reducing’ obligation to advantage. That is, he does not hold that people should only keep covenants if doing so is in their self-interest.In section I, I analyse the temporal structure of covenants and distinguish the decision to enter (or not to enter) a covenant from the decision to break or keep a covenant one has already entered. In section II, I examine Hobbes’ fool. Hobbes tries to refute the fool by putting him right about that which conduces to his ‘conservation, and contentment.’
A classification of finite antiflag-transitive generalized quadrangles
Authors: Bamberg John , Li Cai Heng , Swartz Eric 
Published: June 2016

A generalized quadrangle is a point-line incidence geometry

Q

\mathcal {Q}

such that: (i) any two points lie on at most one line, and (ii) given a line

ℓ
\ell

and a point

P
P

not incident with

ℓ
\ell

, there is a unique point of

ℓ
\ell

collinear with

P
P

. The finite Moufang generalized quadrangles were classified by Fong and Seitz [Invent. Math. 21 (1973), 1–57; Invent. Math. 24 (1974), 191–239], and we study a larger class of generalized quadrangles: the antiflag-transitive quadrangles. An antiflag of a generalized quadrangle is a nonincident point-line pair

(
P
,
ℓ
)

(P, \ell )

, and we say that the generalized quadrangle

Q

\mathcal {Q}

is antiflag-transitive if the group of collineations is transitive on the set of all antiflags. We prove that if a finite thick generalized quadrangle

Q

\mathcal {Q}

is antiflag-transitive, then

Q

\mathcal {Q}

is either a classical generalized quadrangle or is the unique generalized quadrangle of order

(
3
,
5
)

(3,5)

or its dual. Our approach uses the theory of locally

s
s

-arc-transitive graphs developed by Giudici, Li, and Praeger [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 356 (2004), 291–317] to characterize antiflag-transitive generalized quadrangles and then the work of Alavi and Burness [J. Algebra 421 (2015), 187–233] on “large” subgroups of simple groups of Lie type to fully classify them.
Association Between Markers of Inflammation and Total Stroke by Hypertensive Status Among Women
Authors: Jiménez Monik C. , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Kotler Gregory , Everett Brendan M. , Glynn Robert J. , Lee I-Min , Buring Julie E. , Ridker Paul M. , Sesso Howard D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Markers of systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [sICAM-1], and fibrinogen) have been associated with a greater risk of total and ischemic stroke, in addition to elevated blood pressure. However, the role of these inflammatory markers on stroke pathophysiology by hypertension status is uncertain.

METHODS
Blood samples were collected and assayed for hsCRP, sICAM-1, and fibrinogen among 27,330 initially healthy women from the Women’s Health Study, and women were followed up from 1992 to 2013. Prior to randomization, the baseline questionnaire collected self-reported hypertension status, cardiovascular risk factors, and lifestyle factors. New cases of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke were updated annually through questionnaires and confirmed by medical records according to the National Survey of Stroke criteria. Multivariable Cox models estimated overall associations between each inflammatory marker and stroke and separately stratified by hypertension status.

RESULTS
We observed 629 incident total strokes over 477,278 person-years. In adjusted analyses, extreme quartiles of hsCRP and sICAM-1 were each associated with a significantly greater risk of total stroke (hsCRP: hazard ratios [HR] = 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–2.26; sICAM-1: HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.00–1.63). Fibrinogen was not associated with a significantly greater stroke risk. In analyses stratified by hypertension status, elevated hsCRP was associated with a nonstatistically significant greater risk of total stroke among prehypertensive and hypertensive women.

CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that hsCRP and sICAM-1 are associated with hypertension status and stroke risk among women. Further work should examine the role of inflammatory markers on ischemic stroke subtypes and clarify mechanisms.
The present status and future prospects of peptide-based cancer vaccines
Authors: Hirayama Masatoshi , Nishimura Yasuharu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTumor cells commonly express several antigens, such as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or mutation-derived antigens (neoantigens), that can be regarded as foreign antigens and elicit anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Various TAAs or neoantigens expressed in cancer cells have been identified and utilized as targets for cancer vaccines. One approach to elicit tumor-specific immune responses is termed peptide-based cancer vaccination; it involves administrating TAAs or neoantigen-derived peptide for treatment of cancers. There have been several forms of peptide-based cancer vaccines depending on which effector cells, such as CTLs or CD4+ T-helper cells, are targeted to be activated. Many phase I and II clinical trials of peptide-based cancer vaccines using TAA-derived CTL epitopes, T-helper cell epitopes or dendritic cells loaded with TAA-derived peptides for various malignant tumors have been conducted and provide clinical benefits in a small fraction of patients. Nowadays, to improve the efficiency of peptide-based cancer vaccines, combination immunotherapy of peptide-based cancer vaccines with the immune-checkpoint blockade therapies using mAbs specific for CTLA-4, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), or PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been developed for clinical application. Furthermore, along with the recent technological progress in genetic and bioinformatic analysis, it has become easier to identify neoantigens from individual cancer patients. It is expected that peptide-based cancer vaccines targeting neoantigens as a personalized cancer immunotherapy will be developed.
Specificity Principles in RNA-Guided Targeting
Authors: Bisaria Namita , Jarmoskaite Inga , Herschlag Daniel 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTRNA-guided nucleases (RGNs) provide sequence-specific gene regulation through base-pairing interactions between a small RNA guide and target RNA or DNA. RGN systems, which include CRISPR-Cas9 and RNA interference (RNAi), hold tremendous promise as programmable tools for engineering and therapeutic purposes. However, pervasive targeting of sequences that closely resemble the intended target has remained a major challenge, limiting the reliability and interpretation of RGN activity and the range of possible applications. Efforts to reduce off-target activity and enhance RGN specificity have led to a collection of empirically derived rules, which often paradoxically includedecreasedbinding affinity of the RNA-guided nuclease to its target. Here we demonstrate that simple kinetic considerations of the targeting reaction can explain these and other literature observations. The kinetic models described provide a foundation for understanding RGN systems and a necessary physical and functional framework for their rational engineering.
Transplanting as a means to enhance crop security of fodder beet
Authors: Khaembah EN , Nelson WR 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFodder beet has become a popular winter feed for all stock classes in New Zealand. However, poor crop establishment frequently leads to either significant loss in yield, through below-target plant populations, weed competition, or crop failure. This study demonstrates that establishing the crop from transplants, common in the vegetable industry, is one way to achieve a uniform plant population and reduce weed competition through early establishment of canopy cover. The most significant effect of transplant establishment is that the target plant population is readily achieved.
Retrieval efficiency of select search engines vis-à-vis diverse open courseware formats
Authors: Wani Zahid Ashraf , Ahmad Sofi Adil 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to gauge the visibility of open content available in different formats of select open courseware (OCW) repositories through prominent search engines.

Design/methodology/approach
Open content in three formats (pdf, audio and video) from four OCW repositories listed in the OCW consortium under the science and technology subject heading were searched through seven select search engines.

Findings
None of the selected OCW repositories are fully visible on the selected search engines. Visibility of OCW content varied from one search engine to the other and was affected by the format in which it is available. Google is the best search engine for retrieving OCW content, whereas OCWfinder – a specialized search engine for retrieving OCW – has performed dismally.

Research limitations/implications
The study demonstrates the need for enhancing the visibility of open content through using search engine optimization techniques.

Originality/value
The study intends to supply findings that could be used by stakeholders to improve the visibility of OCW repositories. It is an attempt to draw a comparison between search engines for their ability to index different formats of OCW in the selected repositories. Findings can be used by information professionals to brush their information hunting skills.
Innovative tools and techniques to manage your stress to ensure work-life balance
Authors: Rao M.S. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to outline various aspects of stress including its causes, effects and remedies to ensure work-life balance to achieve organizational excellence and effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper explains types of stress and differentiates between stress and burnout. It outlines innovative tools and techniques to manage stress.

Findings
– It enlightens that there are three symptoms to good health – sound sleep, exercise and good appetite. As long as you enjoy these you enjoy good health and you can keep stress at a bay and lead a happy and great life.

Practical implications
– The tools and techniques to ensure work-life balance can be applied in any industry and in any size of organization.

Social implications
– The social implications of this research suggests that leaders can provide meaning to their lives by balancing their personal, professional and social life.

Originality/value
– It elaborates stress management from the perspective of parallel careers with Peter Drucker’s example. It adds value to tackle computer vision syndrome.
Critical success factors for employee suggestion schemes: a literature review
Authors: Lasrado Flevy , Arif Mohammed , Rizvi Aftab , Urdzik Chris 
Published: June 2016

PurposeEmployee suggestion scheme (ESS) have existed for many years and many articles have been published over the past decades. They have been studied from many perspectives to illustrate their objectives, nature, content, process, significance and the benefits. Arguments have also been made with respect to success and failures of the suggestion schemes. Although the corporations widely use the suggestion schemes to elicit the creative ideas of their employees, sustaining a suggestion scheme is still a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to extract the critical success factors and critical success criteria to the suggestion scheme and to discuss the importance of these factors on sustainability of suggestion system. This is a literature review paper.Design/methodology/approachThis is a literature review paper. The research used the university library to search for the relevant material. The university has an access for 25,000 journals. As the university had the subscription to main databases such as EBASCO, SCIENCE DIRECT, EMERALD, Google Scholar and WILEY, a search was performed on these databases using the key terms. The keywords used in the searches included: Suggestion System, Suggestion Scheme, Employee Participation, Employee Involvement, Innovation, Employee Creativity and Ideas Management. The Google Scholar citation tab was also searched further to identify any related articles. The citations of resulting articles were scrutinized further for further clues.FindingsThis paper identifies 23 critical success factors and 9 critical success criteria for suggestion schemes. It also discusses the interconnection between the critical success factors and the critical success criteria. Further, the frequency of each of the factors is also presented. It recognizes the lack of work on the assessment framework for sustainability of a suggestion scheme.Practical implicationsThis paper should be of value to practitioners of suggestion schemes and to academics who are interested in knowing how this program has evolved and where it is today and what future it holds. It offers practical help to an individual starting out on research on the sustainability of suggestion schemes.Originality/valueThe paper attempts to put together many factors discussed in the literature and proposed a definition to define the sustainability of the suggestion system and categorized them as critical success factors and critical success criteria.
Prolonged latency of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a secondary analysis
Authors: Drassinower D , Friedman AM , Običan SG , Levin H , Gyamfi‐Bannerman C 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether prolonged latency after preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) is associated with an increased risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of the randomised controlled trial of magnesium sulphate for the prevention of cerebral palsy.SettingMulticentre trial.PopulationA total of 1305 women with PPROM were analysed, 1056 of whom had an interval of <3 weeks between diagnosis and delivery and 249 of whom had an interval of ≥3 weeks between diagnosis and delivery.MethodsWe evaluated whether the time interval between diagnosis of PPROM and delivery was associated with an increased risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Latency was analysed as a continuous variable and categorised by weeks of latency.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was motor and mental Bayley scores of <70 at 2 years of age. Secondary outcomes included motor and mental Bayley scores <85 and mean Bayley scores. Logistic regression was used to control for confounding factors.ResultsIn the univariate analysis, motor and mental Bayley scores of <70 were similar in the <3 weeks (16.8 and 14.4%) and ≥3 weeks (15.3 and 14.1%) groups. In the regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors, PPROM for ≥3 weeks was an independent risk factor for motor (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.12; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.29–3.49) and mental (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.13–3.00) Bayley scores of <70. Neonatal sepsis, gestational age at delivery, maternal education, and race were significantly associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes.ConclusionsWhereas delivery at later gestational age is associated with improved prognosis for many outcomes, prolonged exposure to an intrauterine environment of PPROM is an independent risk factor for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.Tweetable abstractProlonged PPROM was associated with motor and mental Bayley scores of <70.
Identifying Urban Features from LiDAR for a High‐Resolution Urban Hydrologic Model
Authors: Lopez Sonya R. , Maxwell Reed M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLight Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), is relatively inexpensive, provides high spatial resolution sampling at great accuracy, and can be used to generate surface terrain and land cover datasets for urban areas. These datasets are used to develop high‐resolution hydrologic models necessary to resolve complex drainage networks in urban areas. This work develops a five‐step algorithm to generate indicator fields for tree canopies, buildings, and artificial structures using Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS‐GIS), and a common computing language, Matrix Laboratory. The 54 km2 study area in Parker, Colorado consists of twenty‐four 1,500 × 1,500 m LiDAR subsets at 1 m resolution with varying degrees of urbanization. The algorithm correctly identifies 96% of the artificial structures within the study area; however, application success is dependent upon urban extent. Urban land use fractions below 0.2 experienced an increase in falsely identified building locations. ParFlow, a three‐dimensional, grid‐based hydrological model, uses these building and artificial structure indicator fields and digital elevation model for a hydrologic simulation. The simulation successfully develops the complex drainage network and simulates overland flow on the impervious surfaces (i.e., along the gutters and off rooftops) made possible through this spatial analysis process.
Structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose regimens improve glycemic control in poorly controlled Chinese patients on insulin therapy: Results from COMPASS
Authors: Ji Linong , Su Qing , Feng Bo , Shan Zhongyan , Hu Renming , Xing Xiaoping , Xue Yaoming , Yang Tao , Hua Yanyin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe use of self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among patients with insulin‐treated, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in China is suboptimal. Herein we evaluated the effectiveness of structured SMBG for improving glycemic control and increasing the frequency of SMBG.MethodsInsulin‐treated (>3 months) T2DM patients aged ≥18 years with HbA1c >8.0 % (64 mmol/mol) were recruited to the study. They received SMBG materials and were advised on a structured SMBG regimen for their insulin therapy. Patients were trained to self‐adjust insulin dosage according to SMBG readings and were seen by physicians at Months 3 and 6. Endpoints included changes in HbA1c, SMBG frequency, and hypoglycemia frequency.ResultsThe study enrolled 820 patients, with mean (± SD) age 55.1 ± 9.8 years, body mass index 24.9 ± 3.6 kg/m2, HbA1c 9.7 ± 1.6 % (83 mmol/mol), and diabetes duration 9.8 ± 7.1 years, with median insulin therapy of 30.3 (3.0–274.1) months, from 19 Chinese clinics. By Month 3, 99.9 % of patients performed daily SMBG. At Months 3 and 6, HbA1c had decreased from baseline (−1.81 % and −1.73 %, respective; P < 0.0001 for both), with reduced hypoglycemia. In addition, 36.2 % and 39.9 % of patients achieved HbA1c <7.0 % (53 mmol/mol) at Months 3 and 6, respectively. The largest HbA1c improvements were for patients with a shorter duration of diabetes and insulin therapy.ConclusionsA structured SMBG regimen, with training on interpretation of and responses to SMBG readings, increased SMBG frequency and improved HbA1c and the management of insulin‐treated T2DM.
Foreign‐born aged care workers in Australia: A growing trend
Authors: Negin Joel , Coffman Jenna , Connell John , Short Stephanie 
Published: June 2016

AimTo address Australian aged care workforce challenges, a deeper understanding of the current care workforce is needed especially given estimated increases in demand. We provide a national picture of the aged care workforce in Australia focusing on country of birth.MethodsData from the 2006 and 2011 Australian censuses.ResultsThe majority of care workers are Australia‐born followed by those born in the United Kingdom, South‐East Asia and South Asia. While the number of carers from all regions has grown, the increase from 2006 to 2011 has been highest for carers from South Asia (333% increase) and sub‐Saharan Africa (145%). The state with the largest decrease in the proportion of Australian‐born care workers is Western Australia where Australian‐born workers dropped from 62% in 2006 to 49% in 2011.ConclusionsUnderstanding the migration patterns of the aged care workforce in Australia is critical to health workforce planning given increasing demand.