bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis of cutinase transcription factors in Fusarium verticillioides
Authors: Peng Minghui , Wang Jiajia , Lu Xiange , Wang Meiduo , Wen Gaolong , Wu Congxian , Lu Guodong , Wang Zonghua , Shim Won Bo , Yu Wenying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFusarium verticillioides is an important pathogen of maize and causes serious yield losses and food safety issues worldwide. F. verticillioides produces highly toxic mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 (FB1) in infested commodities which makes these food and feeds unsafe for humans and animals. For pathogenic fungi to successfully penetrate its plant hosts, the pathogen secretes hydrolytic enzymes that can facilitate penetration into the plant cutin layer. However, there is limited information on how cutinases transcriptionally regulated to impact F. verticillioides pathogenicity. In this study, our aim is to functionally characterize cutinase transcription factors that regulate key cutinase activities that are directly associated with F. verticillioides pathogenicity and FB1 biosynthesis. Gene deletion of cutinase transcription factor FvCTF1α did not affect the growth and morphology of the fungal mycelia on CMII medium, whereas the conidiation, utilization of sodium acetate and sodium oleate, stress tolerance against cell wall interfering agent, and the cutinase and pectinase activities in the ΔFvctf1α mutant were negatively impacted. FvCtf1α regulates the expression of induced cutinase genes FvCUT1 and FvCUT4 by binding to their GC-rich promoters. In addition, FvCtf1α, containing a novel function in regulating FB1, interacts with the promoter of FvFUM1 and FvFUM6 to down-regulate the expression of FvFUM1 and FvFUM6, resulting in decreased production of FB1 in the ΔFvctf1α strain. ΔFvctf1α exhibited decreased pathogenicity in maize due to the down-regulation of pathogenicity-related genes as well as key downstream cutinase genes FvCUT3 and FvCUT4 in F. verticillioides. We also demonstrated that FvCtf1α regulated FvCUT3 and FvCUT4 differently; FvCUT4 via direct regulation while FvCUT3 via indirect regulation by interacting with FvFarB, a homologous protein of FvCtf1α. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis showed that FvCtf1α was associated with many pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism, carbon source utilization, cell wall integrity, oxidative stress, and fumonisin synthesis in F. verticillioides. Our study demonstrated that FvCtf1α was not only involved in the regulation of cutinases but also a broad spectrum of pathways that ultimately affect F. verticillioides virulence and mycotoxin biosynthesis.
Explainability, transparency and black box challenges of AI in radiology: impact on patient care in cardiovascular radiology
Authors: Marey Ahmed , Arjmand Parisa , Alerab Ameerh Dana Sabe , Eslami Mohammad Javad , Saad Abdelrahman M. , Sanchez Nicole , Umair Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiovascular imaging has revolutionized the field, offering significant advancements in diagnostic accuracy and clinical efficiency. However, the complexity and opacity of AI models, particularly those involving machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), raise critical legal and ethical concerns due to their "black box" nature. This manuscript addresses these concerns by providing a comprehensive review of AI technologies in cardiovascular imaging, focusing on the challenges and implications of the black box phenomenon. We begin by outlining the foundational concepts of AI, including ML and DL, and their applications in cardiovascular imaging. The manuscript delves into the "black box" issue, highlighting the difficulty in understanding and explaining AI decision-making processes. This lack of transparency poses significant challenges for clinical acceptance and ethical deployment. The discussion then extends to the legal and ethical implications of AI's opacity. The need for explicable AI systems is underscored, with an emphasis on the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. The manuscript explores potential solutions such as explainable AI (XAI) techniques, which aim to provide insights into AI decision-making without sacrificing performance. Moreover, the impact of AI explainability on clinical decision-making and patient outcomes is examined. The manuscript argues for the development of hybrid models that combine interpretability with the advanced capabilities of black box systems. It also advocates for enhanced education and training programs for healthcare professionals to equip them with the necessary skills to utilize AI effectively. Patient involvement and informed consent are identified as critical components for the ethical deployment of AI in healthcare. Strategies for improving patient understanding and engagement with AI technologies are discussed, emphasizing the importance of transparent communication and education. Finally, the manuscript calls for the establishment of standardized regulatory frameworks and policies to address the unique challenges posed by AI in healthcare. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous monitoring, the medical community can ensure the responsible integration of AI into cardiovascular imaging, ultimately enhancing patient care and clinical outcomes.
Allosteric propagation of curvature along filament
Authors: Sekimoto Ken 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Can a filament transmit the curvatures across the constituting modules and control them at one of its ends? Inspired by the observation of protofilament —a constituent biopolymer of microtubules— this question is addressed by a constructive approach. In our model a simple allosteric element in each module couples with the neighboring modules at its interfaces, which gives rise to a single degree of freedom to control the global shape of the filament. The model can be analyzed in analogy with discrete-time dynamical systems having a bifurcation of transcritical type.
1-Hour Postload Glucose: Early Screening for High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Koreans With Normal Fasting Glucose
Authors: Lee Min Jin , Bae Ji Hyun , Khang Ah Reum , Yi Dongwon , Kim Joo Yeon , Kim Su Hyun , Kim Dong Hee , Kang Dasol , Park Sujin , Jeon Yun Kyung , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Bo Hyun , Yun Mi Sook , Kang Yang Ho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
With rising the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes, the importance of 1-hour postload plasma glucose (1-h PG) for early hyperglycemia screening is emphasized.

Objective
This study investigates the utility of 1-h PG in predicting T2DM in adults with normal fasting plasma glucose levels.

Methods
A total of 7504 participants were categorized into 3 groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with 1-h PG &lt; 155 mg/dL, NGT with 1-h PG ≥ 155 mg/dL, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin sensitivity and secretion indices were compared between groups at baseline, and T2DM incidence was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. The predictive abilities of 1-h PG and 2-hour postload plasma glucose (2-h PG) were assessed with receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results
At baseline, the composite insulin sensitivity index in the NGT and 1-h PG ≥ 155 mg/dL group was similarly reduced as in the IGT group (P = .076). Over a mean follow-up of 7.4 years, T2DM developed in 960 patients (12.8%). The highest risk was in the IGT group (hazard ratio, 5.47), followed by the NGT and 1-h PG ≥ 155 mg/dL group (hazard ratio, 2.74), compared to the NGT and 1-h PG &lt; 155 mg/dL group. The 1-h PG level had a higher area under the curve (0.772) than other glycemic parameters, including 2-h PG.

Conclusions
Even with normal fasting plasma glucose, a 1-h PG ≥ 155 mg/dL indicates lower insulin sensitivity similar to IGT and increased T2DM risk, making it a more effective early screening tool than 2-h PG.
Extending the Therapeutic Potential: Romosozumab in Osteoporosis Management
Authors: Liu Livia , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J , Girgis Christian M , Gild Matti L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis predominantly involve antiresorptive agents, but the emergence of bone anabolic therapy, such as romosozumab, presents a promising alternative. Romosozumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting sclerostin, exhibits both bone anabolic and antiresorptive effects, offering the potential to enhance bone mineral density and mitigate fracture risk. Evidence from several studies demonstrating the efficacy of romosozumab is now established in improving bone mineral density and reducing fracture rates in postmenopausal women and men. This review critically evaluates the role of romosozumab in osteoporosis management, emphasizing findings from real-world studies to facilitate its practical application in clinical settings. Adverse effects, comparative effectiveness with other osteoporotic agents, and challenges in sequential therapy are also discussed, providing insights for informed decision-making by physicians, particularly in the context of pre-treatment considerations. Additionally, the review examines global prescribing guidelines and highlights challenges associated with romosozumab utilization in special patient subgroups, aiming to optimize its clinical use.
Bronchial Blocker Versus Endobronchial Intubation in Young Children Undergoing One-Lung Ventilation: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: McLaughlin Christopher S. , Samant Anusha , Saha Amit K. , Lee Lisa K. , Gupta Ruchika , Templeton Leah B. , Mathis Michael R. , Vishneski Susan , Templeton T. Wesley ,   on Behalf of the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Thoracic surgery and one-lung ventilation in young children carry significant risks. Approaches to one-lung ventilation in young children include endobronchial intubation (mainstem intubation) and use of a bronchial blocker. We hypothesized that endobronchial intubation is associated with a greater prevalence of airway complications compared to use of a bronchial blocker.

METHODS:
The Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group database was queried from 2004 to 2022 for one-lung ventilation cases in children, 2 months to 3 years of age, inclusive. Airway notes and free-text comments were manually reviewed for airway complications. Documented airway complications were considered the primary outcome and were divided into “Moderate” and “Critical.” Moderate airway complications were bronchial blocker or endotracheal tube movement leading to loss of isolation, hypoxemia requiring ventilatory intervention, bronchial blocker migration into the trachea, significant impairment of ventilation, and other. Critical complications included reintubation or airway replacement intraoperatively, complete endotracheal tube occlusion, cardiac arrest or airway-related bradycardia, and procedure aborted due to an airway issue. An adjusted propensity score-matched analysis was then used to assess the impact of a bronchial blocker on the outcomes of moderate and critical complications

RESULTS:
After exclusions, 704 patients were included in the primary analysis. In unadjusted analyses, no statistically significant difference was observed in moderate airway complications between endobronchial intubation and bronchial blocker cohorts: 37 of 444 (8.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9%–11.3%) vs 28 of 260 (10.8%; 95% CI, 7.3%–15.2%) with P = .281. In the unadjusted analysis, the prevalence of critical airway complications was significantly higher in the endobronchial intubation cohort compared to the bronchial blocker cohort: 28 of 444 (6.3%; 95% CI, 4.2%–9.0%) vs 5 of 260 (1.9%; 95% CI, 0.6%–4.4%) with P = .008. In the propensity-matched cohort analysis, endobronchial intubation was associated with a slightly increased risk of critical complications compared to use of a bronchial blocker: 14 of 243 (5.8%; 95% CI, 2.8%–8.7%) vs 5 of 243 (2.1%; 95% CI, 0.3%–3.8%) with P = .035.

CONCLUSIONS:
Endobronchial intubation might be associated with a slightly increased risk of critical airway complications compared to use of a bronchial blocker in young children undergoing thoracic surgery and one-lung ventilation. Further, prospective studies are needed before a definitive change in practice is recommended.
Preparation, characterization, and determination of the therapeutic effects of copper nanoparticles green-formulated by Pistacia atlantica in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rat
Authors: Lin Jiayue , Jiang Yang , Zhou Xu , Zhang Ting , Yan Xu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The development and creation of innovative therapeutic supplements and medications with extraordinary efficacy for addressing severe diabetes are of utmost importance to both developing and developed nations. A bio-inspired method has been documented for producing copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Pistacia atlantica leaf extract as a natural stabilizing agent. This approach is applicable, easy, and environmentally friendly, as it avoids using any toxic or harmful reagents. The CuNPs that were synthesized through biological processes underwent characterization using sophisticated physicochemical methods such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. It is confirmed that CuNPs exhibit a spherical structure, with an average size ranging from approximately 30 to 70 nm. Diabetes was induced in vivo through a fructose-enriched diet combined with streptozotocin. Half the subjects were administered CuNPs (100 µg/kg) via oral gavage. In contrast to the animals that were given regular food, the diabetic animals revealed an increase in serum fasting glucose level and a decrease in glucose tolerance. The administration of CuNPs had a significant impact on reducing glucose intolerance and fasting hyperglycemia. Additionally, it helped alleviate the negative effects of diabetes on cardiac output and work. Furthermore, utilizing CuNPs effectively hindered the rise in cardiac signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-phosphorylation caused by diabetes. The findings from this investigation provide evidence of the therapeutic benefits of CuNPs in mitigating diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats.
Modeling and 3-D simulation of petroleum coke calcination process: investigation of the effect of main operating variables
Authors: Eghbal Ahmadi Mohammad Hosein , Tayyebi Shokoufe , Mosayebi Amir 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Coke calcination is a process that involves heating green petroleum coke to purify it and eliminate volatile materials for subsequent processing. Due to the complexity of the rotary kiln used in this process, conducting experimental studies can be challenging and restricted. However, quantitative analyses based on developed models can provide a foundation for optimizing and controlling the process, which can significantly enhance the design efficiency. A three-dimensional simulation model of a rotary calcining kiln for petroleum coke was created using COMSOL Multiphysics in a steady-state mode. This model accounted for all relevant physical and chemical phenomena in the gas stream and coke bed flow, including heat transfer, combustion, and the evolution of volatile matter and coke dust. The mathematical modeling yielded distributions of temperature and mass fractions within the kiln, as well as the velocity field. The results revealed two distinct peak temperatures in the gas phase: 1,780 K near the primary air injection point and 1,605 K near the tertiary air injection points. The findings were analyzed, and the impact of key variables was explored. The simulation data indicated that for every decrease of 10–15 m/s in air flow, the gas peak temperature dropped by approximately 100°. Additionally, an increase in the input oxygen concentration led to enhanced combustion, resulting in higher peak concentrations of CO2. The developed simulation model has proven to be a valuable and promising tool for the design and optimization of petroleum coke rotary kilns.
Analysis of heat mass transfer in a squeezed Carreau nanofluid flow due to a sensor surface with variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Ghoneim Nourhan I. , Amer A. M. , AL-Saidi Khalid S. M. , Megahed Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This research offers an advanced investigation into the examination of squeezed flow and heat mass transfer mechanisms of non-Newtonian Carreau dissipative nanofluids across a sensor surface. This analysis takes into consideration both variable thermal conductivity and variable viscosity aspects. It is widely accepted that the phenomenon of viscous dissipation has a significant impact on both the temperature distribution and heat transfer characteristics within nanofluids. Hence, it is being considered here. The governing equations of the problem are formulated using the Carreau model for the non-Newtonian fluid for the nanofluid. The thermal conductivity of the sensor surface is assumed to vary linearly with the temperature. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the shooting method. The effects of various parameters such as suction parameter and magnetic parameter on the flow, the solutal characteristics, and thermal characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the slip parameter, the magnetic parameter, and the suction parameter have a significant effect on the flow and thermal fields. The heat transfer rate is improved by the squeezed flow index parameter and the Weissenberg number, but reduced by the power law index parameter and the Eckert number. Ultimately, the precision and reliability of the proposed approach are confirmed by benchmarking our data against previous findings. Understanding how variable viscosity impacts flow characteristics, heat transfer efficiency, and the performance of heat exchangers and cooling systems optimizes the design of nanofluids for efficient thermal systems in practical applications.
Effectiveness of microwave ablation using two simultaneous antennas for liver malignancy treatment
Authors: Bošković Nikola , Radjenović Branislav , Nikolić Srdjan , Radmilović-Radjenović Marija 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Microwave ablation is becoming an increasingly important minimally invasive procedure that uses dielectric hysteresis to generate heat and destroy cancer cells. Tissue damage depends on the input power, procedure duration, and antenna position. Therefore, one of the essential problems is determining parameters that ensure the destruction of the tumor with the desired margins and minimal damage to the healthy tissue. In addition to experimental methods, computer modeling has been proven to be an effective approach for improving the performance of microwave ablation (MWA). Moreover, since the thermal spread in biological tissue is difficult to measure, the development of a predictive model from procedural planning to execution may have a great impact on patient care. This study focuses on determining the optimal parameters for MWA treatment of liver tumors using two identical parallel-positioned multi-slot coaxial antennas. The simulation results suggest that an input power of 20 W or 15 W per antenna suffices for complete tumor ablation with a sufficient safety margin for 600 and 900 s, respectively. In both cases, the created ablation zones were similar. The ablation zones for 15 W per antenna were more spherical, invading a smaller amount of healthy tissue than those for 20 W per antenna. This study may represent a step forward in planning MWA treatment for individual patients.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN TRANS AND GENDER DIVERSE PATIENTS: Mind the gap: a nationwide audit of LGBTQ+ inclusion in fertility care providers in the United Kingdom
Authors: He Chloe , Al-Ma’ani Nour , Francis Mei , Sales Jules , Marson Isabella , Karpaviciute Neringa , Hariharan Rishabh , Derrick Ranya , Saravelos Sotirios , Sabatini Luca , Tzouganatou Sofia , Nair Devika , Ellis Danielle , Jacques Céline , Ferrand Timothy , Oakes-Monger Tash , Popa Teodora , Vasconcelos Francisco , Hickman Cristina 
Published: September 2024

In brief
We describe a first-of-its-kind audit of LGBTQ+ inclusivity in fertility care providers across the United Kingdom. Despite efforts being made to improve LGBTQ+ inclusion in fertility care, our results paint a picture of widespread gaps in clinical and cultural expertise alongside significant barriers to LGBTQ+ inclusion.

Abstract
LGBTQ+ patients comprise one of the fastest-growing user demographics in fertility care, yet they remain under-represented in fertility research, practice, and discourse. Existing studies have revealed significant systemic barriers, including cisheteronormativity, discrimination, and gaps in clinical expertise. In this article, we present a checklist of measures that clinics can take to improve LGBTQ+ inclusion in fertility care, co-created with members of the LGBTQ+ community. This checklist focuses on three key areas: cultural competence, clinical considerations, and online presence. The cultural competence criteria encompass inclusive communication practices, a broad understanding of LGBTQ+ healthcare needs, and knowledge of treatment options suitable for LGBTQ+ individuals. Clinical considerations include awareness of alternative examination and gamete collection techniques for transgender and gender diverse patients, the existence of specific clinical pathways for LGBTQ+ patients, and sensitivity to the psychological aspects of fertility care unique to this demographic. The online presence criteria evaluate provider websites for the use of inclusive language and the availability of LGBTQ+-relevant information. The checklist was used as the foundation for an audit of fertility care providers across the UK in early 2024. Our audit identified a widespread lack of LGBTQ+ inclusion, particularly for transgender and gender diverse patients, highlighting deficiencies in clinical knowledge and cultural competence. Our work calls attention to the need for further efforts to understand the barriers to inclusive and competent LGBTQ+ fertility care from both healthcare provider and patient perspectives.
Beneficios de un programa Bosque Escuela en niños/as: Perspectiva de Madres y Padres en Concepción, Chile
Authors: Moraga-Villablanca Felipe Andrés , Ulbricht Hanne , Torres-Fierro Mariel Ivonne , Zamorano-Veragua Matías Cristian 
Published: September 2024

El presente estudio busca analizar los beneficios percibidos por madres y padres de la participación de sus hijos/as en un programa de Bosque Escuela en la ciudad de Concepción, Chile. Estos programas se caracterizan por sesiones regulares en áreas naturales basadas en los intereses de los/as niños/as participantes. Se utilizó un análisis de caso con un enfoque mixto, y se contó con una muestra de 29 apoderados/as. Se utilizaron cinco preguntas abiertas para explorar los beneficios percibidos y a que los atribuyen, y una encuesta de satisfacción tipo Likert compuesta por 22 ítems sobre beneficios específicos y elementos metodológicos. El análisis contempló una codificación deductiva de las respuestas y el uso de estadísticos descriptivos para los resultados de la encuesta de satisfacción. Los padres y madres valoran el programa por sus beneficios asociados a la conexión con la naturaleza, desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales, mejoras en el bienestar y autonomía. Estos efectos los atribuyen al contacto con la naturaleza, a las metodologías centradas en los intereses de niños/as y al clima afectivo que se genera. Los programas de Bosque Escuela pueden ser una alternativa a la necesidad de una vinculación más positiva con el medioambiente y a la promoción de una niñez más saludable.