bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magma reflection imaging in Krafla, Iceland, using microearthquake sources
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Brown Larry D. , Árnason Knútur , Águstsson Kristján , Blanck Hanna 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe details of magma plumbing beneath active volcanoes remain a major challenge in geochemistry, geophysics, and volcanic hazard evaluation. Here we apply a relatively novel variation of seismic interferometry, which we call Virtual Reflection Seismic Profiling, to produce a high‐resolution image of a known crustal magma body. The technique takes advantage of recent advances in both seismic instrumentation (dense arrays) and seismic analysis (seismic interferometry). We have applied this technique to data recently acquired at an iconic volcanic system, Krafla, which lies on the mid‐Atlantic ridge as exposed in northern Iceland. What make this particular site exceptional are encounters with rhyolitic magma in two drill holes, K‐39 and Iceland Deep Drilling Project‐1 (IDDP‐1). These known magma bodies represent a unique calibration opportunity for surface geophysical measurements of magma distribution at depth. In this study, we produced a stacked, seismic reflection section by applying common depth point processing techniques to virtual shot gathers derived from interferometry of P waves from microearthquakes generated by tectonic, magmatic, and/or geothermal activity. We observe a strong, coherent reflection on the seismic section at a travel time corresponding to the depth at which magma was encountered in the IDDP‐1 wellbore. We interpret this reflection to be from magma or magma‐related fluids. Additional coherent reflections may correspond to other components of the magma plumbing beneath Krafla. These results represent a promising new technique for structural imaging with natural sources that can be applied to a wide array of geologic and energy problems that involve natural or induced seismic clusters.
Architecture of the crust and uppermost mantle in the northern Canadian Cordillera from receiver functions
Authors: Tarayoun Alizia , Audet Pascal , Mazzotti Stéphane , Ashoori Azadeh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe northern Canadian Cordillera (NCC) is an active orogenic belt in northwestern Canada characterized by deformed autochtonous and allochtonous structures that were emplaced in successive episodes of convergence since the Late Cretaceous. Seismicity and crustal deformation are concentrated along corridors located far (>200 to ~800 km) from the convergent plate margin. Proposed geodynamic models require information on crust and mantle structure and strain history, which are poorly constrained. We calculate receiver functions using 66 broadband seismic stations within and around the NCC and process them to estimate Moho depth and P‐to‐S velocity ratio (Vp/Vs) of the Cordilleran crust. We also perform a harmonic decomposition to determine the anisotropy of the subsurface layers. From these results, we construct simple seismic velocity models at selected stations and simulate receiver function data to constrain crust and uppermost mantle structure and anisotropy. Our results indicate a relatively flat and sharp Moho at 32 ± 2 km depth and crustal Vp/Vs of 1.75 ± 0.05. Seismic anisotropy is pervasive in the upper crust and within a thin (~10–15 km thick) sub‐Moho layer. The modeled plunging slow axis of hexagonal symmetry of the upper crustal anisotropic layer may reflect the presence of fractures or mica‐rich mylonites. The subhorizontal fast axis of hexagonal anisotropy within the sub‐Moho layer is generally consistent with the SE‐NW orientation of large‐scale tectonic structures. These results allow us to revise the geodynamic models proposed to explain active deformation within the NCC.
Source model for the Copahue volcano magma plumbing system constrained by InSAR surface deformation observations
Authors: Lundgren Paul , Nikkhoo Mehdi , Samsonov Sergey V. , Milillo Pietro , Gil‐Cruz Fernando , Lazo Jonathan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCopahue volcano straddling the edge of the Agrio‐Caviahue caldera along the Chile‐Argentina border in the southern Andes has been in unrest since inflation began in late 2011. We constrain Copahue's source models with satellite and airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) deformation observations. InSAR time series from descending track RADARSAT‐2 and COSMO‐SkyMed data span the entire inflation period from 2011 to 2016, with their initially high rates of 12 and 15 cm/yr, respectively, slowing only slightly despite ongoing small eruptions through 2016. InSAR ascending and descending track time series for the 2013–2016 time period constrain a two‐source compound dislocation model, with a rate of volume increase of 13 × 106 m3/yr. They consist of a shallow, near‐vertical, elongated source centered at 2.5 km beneath the summit and a deeper, shallowly plunging source centered at 7 km depth connecting the shallow source to the deeper caldera. The deeper source is located directly beneath the volcano tectonic seismicity with the lower bounds of the seismicity parallel to the plunge of the deep source. InSAR time series also show normal fault offsets on the NE flank Copahue faults. Coulomb stress change calculations for right‐lateral strike slip (RLSS), thrust, and normal receiver faults show positive values in the north caldera for both RLSS and normal faults, suggesting that northward trending seismicity and Copahue fault motion within the caldera are caused by the modeled sources. Together, the InSAR‐constrained source model and the seismicity suggest a deep conduit or transfer zone where magma moves from the central caldera to Copahue's upper edifice.
EDTA‐induced pseudothrombocytosis and citrate‐induced platelet agglutination in a patient with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Larsen Pia Bükmann , Vikeså Jonas , Friis‐Hansen Lennart 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageHematology analyzers sometimes generate spurious results. A patient had EDTA‐induced pseudothrombocytosis and platelet agglutination in citrate blood samples. This case verifies that addition of 1% paraformaldehyde to the citrate tubes can prevent platelet clumping. Further, it illustrates the advantages of having access to more than one platelet count method.
Ordination with any dissimilarity measure: a weighted Euclidean solution
Authors: Greenacre Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe classical approach to ordination is to use variants of the Euclidean distance to measure differences between samples (e.g., sites in a community study) based on their observation vectors (e.g., abundance counts for a set of species). Examples include Euclidean distance on standardized or log‐transformed data, on which principal component analysis and redundancy analysis are based; chi‐square distance, on which (canonical) correspondence analysis is based; and Hellinger distance, using square roots of relative values in each multivariate vector. Advantages of the Euclidean approach include the neat decomposition of variance and the ordination's optimal biplot display. To extend this approach to any non‐Euclidean or nonmetric dissimilarity, a simple solution is proposed, consisting of the estimation of a weighted Euclidean distance that optimally approximates the dissimilarities. This preliminary step preserves the good properties of the classical approach while giving two additional benefits as by‐products. Firstly, the estimated species weights, quantifying each species’ contribution to the dissimilarities, can be interpreted, and weights equal or close to zero can assist in variable selection. Secondly, the dimensionality remains that of the number of species, not the dimensionality inherent in the dissimilarities, which depends on the number of samples and can be considerably higher.
An Acoustic Tracking Approach for Medical Ultrasound Image Simulator
Authors: Chen Po-Heng , Hsieh Kai-Sheng , Huang Chih-Chung 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Ultrasound examinations are a standard procedure in the clinical diagnosis of many diseases. However, the efficacy of an ultrasound examination is highly dependent on the skill and experience of the operator, which has prompted proposals for ultrasound simulation systems to facilitate training and education in hospitals and medical schools. The key technology of the medical ultrasound simulation system is the probe tracking method that is used to determine the position and inclination angle of the sham probe, since this information is used to display the ultrasound images in real time. This study investigated a novel acoustic tracking approach for an ultrasound simulation system that exhibits high sensitivity and is cost-effective. Five air-coupled ultrasound elements are arranged as a 1D array in front of a sham probe for transmitting the acoustic signals, and a 5 × 5 2D array of receiving elements is used to receive the acoustic signals from the moving transmitting elements. Since the patterns of the received signals can differ for different positions and angles of the moving probe, the probe can be tracked precisely by the acoustic tracking approach. After the probe position has been determined by the system, the corresponding ultrasound image is immediately displayed on the screen. The system performance was verified by scanning three different subjects as image databases: a simple commercial phantom, a complicated self-made phantom, and a porcine heart. The experimental results indicated that the tracking and angle accuracies of the presented acoustic tracking approach were 0.7 mm and 0.5°, respectively. The performance of the acoustic tracking approach is compared with those of other tracking technologies.
Not-so-strange bedfellows: Documentation, description, and sociolinguistics in Gaza
Authors: Cotter William M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractArabic is often investigated within dialectological frameworks that emerged in the 19thcentury, though that work now exists alongside decades of variationist sociolinguistic research. The latter method typically produces abundant data, recorded at very high quality, which lend themselves to being transcribed, described and preserved. This paper presents descriptive information on the Arabic dialect of Gaza City, based on recent sociolinguistic fieldwork conducted in the Gaza Strip with 39 speakers from the wider Gaza City community. These descriptive aspects of the dialect are presented as part of a broader discussion regarding the need for a more holistic integration of sociolinguistics and language description and documentation in work on understudied or endangered varieties of Arabic.
CHASING SONIC THREADS: DISENTANGLING THE ELECTROACOUSTIC TAPESTRY OF IRELAND
Authors: Dignam Barbara Jillian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article seeks to initiate discourse around the vibrant and somewhat uncharted electroacoustic weave that significantly contributes to Ireland's musical tapestry through a consideration of six diverse threads: Softday, Jennifer Walshe, Karen Power, Linda Buckley, Fergal Dowling and Jonathan Nangle. Investigation of Ireland's recent electroacoustic scene will confirm that an emerging DIY aesthetic aligns with international trends of the past decade, with pop-up events, improvisation groups, experimental music collectives and intermedia festivals providing avenues for collaborative and creative expression. It will provide contrasting, yet interconnected examples of what will be termed ‘DIYing’ including a discussion of influences, concepts, practices and brief analyses of works. It is hoped that this article will see the beginning of a wider acknowledgement of the rich musical dialogues that are taking place.
THE EDIFICE AND THE FLIES, OR, THE CONTINUING ADVENTURES OF THE WORST COMPOSERS IN THE WORLD
Authors: Erwin Max 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis short article draws on, without mentioning, a very large body of works written over a very long period of time which share a common critique of the musical canon of great works as traditionally conceived. Chief among the musicologists drawn from are Georgina Born and Lydia Goehr (especiallyThe Imaginary Museum of Musical Works). Readers familiar with these criticisms can safely skip to the final two sections, which explain why I am reinventing this particular musicological wheel at this moment in time. While I believe my framing is reasonably novel, I am under no illusions that the argument being made here is a new one. Nevertheless, the emphasis on community and practice feels urgent and perhaps merits retelling a story that is by now very old indeed.
In situ dynamic observations of perovskite crystallisation and microstructure evolution intermediated from [PbI6]4− cage nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Qin , Zhao Lichen , Wu Jiang , Gao Ke , Luo Deying , Jiang Yufeng , Zhang Ziyi , Zhu Chenhui , Schaible Eric , Hexemer Alexander , Wang Cheng , Liu Yi , Zhang Wei , Grätzel Michael , Liu Feng , Russell Thomas P. , Zhu Rui , Gong Qihuang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHybrid lead halide perovskites have emerged as high-performance photovoltaic materials with their extraordinary optoelectronic properties. In particular, the remarkable device efficiency is strongly influenced by the perovskite crystallinity and the film morphology. Here, we investigate the perovskites crystallisation kinetics and growth mechanism in real time from liquid precursor continually to the final uniform film. We utilize some advanced in situ characterisation techniques including synchrotron-based grazing incident X-ray diffraction to observe crystal structure and chemical transition of perovskites. The nano-assemble model from perovskite intermediated [PbI6]4− cage nanoparticles to bulk polycrystals is proposed to understand perovskites formation at a molecular- or nano-level. A crystallisation-depletion mechanism is developed to elucidate the periodic crystallisation and the kinetically trapped morphology at a mesoscopic level. Based on these in situ dynamics studies, the whole process of the perovskites formation and transformation from the molecular to the microstructure over relevant temperature and time scales is successfully demonstrated.
Elastically driven intermittent microscopic dynamics in soft solids
Authors: Bouzid Mehdi , Colombo Jader , Barbosa Lucas Vieira , Del Gado Emanuela 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSoft solids with tunable mechanical response are at the core of new material technologies, but a crucial limit for applications is their progressive aging over time, which dramatically affects their functionalities. The generally accepted paradigm is that such aging is gradual and its origin is in slower than exponential microscopic dynamics, akin to the ones in supercooled liquids or glasses. Nevertheless, time- and space-resolved measurements have provided contrasting evidence: dynamics faster than exponential, intermittency and abrupt structural changes. Here we use 3D computer simulations of a microscopic model to reveal that the timescales governing stress relaxation, respectively, through thermal fluctuations and elastic recovery are key for the aging dynamics. When thermal fluctuations are too weak, stress heterogeneities frozen-in upon solidification can still partially relax through elastically driven fluctuations. Such fluctuations are intermittent, because of strong correlations that persist over the timescale of experiments or simulations, leading to faster than exponential dynamics.
Expansion of the Tibetan Plateau during the Neogene
Authors: Wang Weitao , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Peizhen , Li Qiang , Kirby Eric , Yuan Daoyang , Zheng Dewen , Liu Caicai , Wang Zhicai , Zhang Huiping , Pang Jianzhang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe appearance of detritus shed from mountain ranges along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau heralds the Cenozoic development of high topography. Current estimates of the age of the basal conglomerate in the Qaidam basin place this event in Paleocene-Eocene. Here we present new magnetostratigraphy and mammalian biostratigraphy that refine the onset of basin fill to ∼25.5 Myr and reveal that sediment accumulated continuously until ∼4.8 Myr. Sediment provenance implies a sustained source in the East Kunlun Shan throughout this time period. However, the appearance of detritus from the Qilian Shan at ∼12 Myr suggests emergence of topography north of the Qaidam occurred during the late Miocene. Our results imply that deformation and mountain building significantly post-date Indo-Asian collision and challenge the suggestion that the extent of the plateau has remained constant through time. Rather, our results require expansion of high topography during the past 25 Myr.
Self-assembled three dimensional network designs for soft electronics
Authors: Jang Kyung-In , Li Kan , Chung Ha Uk , Xu Sheng , Jung Han Na , Yang Yiyuan , Kwak Jean Won , Jung Han Hee , Song Juwon , Yang Ce , Wang Ao , Liu Zhuangjian , Lee Jong Yoon , Kim Bong Hoon , Kim Jae-Hwan , Lee Jungyup , Yu Yongjoon , Kim Bum Jun , Jang Hokyung , Yu Ki Jun , Kim Jeonghyun , Lee Jung Woo , Jeong Jae-Woong , Song Young Min , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui , Rogers John A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLow modulus, compliant systems of sensors, circuits and radios designed to intimately interface with the soft tissues of the human body are of growing interest, due to their emerging applications in continuous, clinical-quality health monitors and advanced, bioelectronic therapeutics. Although recent research establishes various materials and mechanics concepts for such technologies, all existing approaches involve simple, two-dimensional (2D) layouts in the constituent micro-components and interconnects. Here we introduce concepts in three-dimensional (3D) architectures that bypass important engineering constraints and performance limitations set by traditional, 2D designs. Specifically, open-mesh, 3D interconnect networks of helical microcoils formed by deterministic compressive buckling establish the basis for systems that can offer exceptional low modulus, elastic mechanics, in compact geometries, with active components and sophisticated levels of functionality. Coupled mechanical and electrical design approaches enable layout optimization, assembly processes and encapsulation schemes to yield 3D configurations that satisfy requirements in demanding, complex systems, such as wireless, skin-compatible electronic sensors.
Yeast surface display identifies a family of evasins from ticks with novel polyvalent CC chemokine-binding activities
Authors: Singh Kamayani , Davies Graham , Alenazi Yara , Eaton James R. O. , Kawamura Akane , Bhattacharya Shoumo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChemokines function via G-protein coupled receptors in a robust network to recruit immune cells to sites of inflammation. Due to the complexity of this network, targeting single chemokines or receptors has not been successful in inflammatory disease. Dog tick saliva contains polyvalent CC-chemokine binding peptides termed evasins 1 and 4, that efficiently disrupt the chemokine network in models of inflammatory disease. Here we develop yeast surface display as a tool for functionally identifying evasins, and use it to identify 10 novel polyvalent CC-chemokine binding evasin-like peptides from salivary transcriptomes of eight tick species in Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma genera. These evasins have unique binding profiles compared to evasins 1 and 4, targeting CCL2 and CCL13 in addition to other CC-chemokines. Evasin binding leads to neutralisation of chemokine function including that of complex chemokine mixtures, suggesting therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory disease. We propose that yeast surface display is a powerful approach to mine potential therapeutics from inter-species protein interactions that have arisen during evolution of parasitism in ticks.
Facile Fabrication of Nanofibrillated Chitin/Ag2O Heterostructured Aerogels with High Iodine Capture Efficiency
Authors: Gao Runan , Lu Yun , Xiao Shaoliang , Li Jian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanofibrillated chitin/Ag2O aerogels were fabricated for radioiodine removal. Chitin was first fabricated into nanofibers with abundant acetyl amino groups (–NHCOCH3) on the surface. Then, highly porous chitin nanofiber (ChNF) aerogels were obtained via freeze-drying. The ChNF aerogels exhibited a low bulk density of 2.19 mg/cm3 and a high specific surface area of 179.71 m2/g. Ag2O nanoparticles were evenly anchored on the surfaces of ChNF scaffolds via strong interactions with –NHCOCH3 groups, subsequently yielding Ag2O@ChNF heterostructured aerogels. The composites were used as efficient absorbents to remove radioiodine anions from water and capture a high amount of I2 vapor in the forms of AgI and iodine molecules. The adsorption capacity of the composite monoliths can reach up to 2.81 mmol/g of I− anions. The high adsorbability of the composite monolithic aerogel signifies its potential applications in radioactive waste disposal.
Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes in Neonates Undergoing Lung Resection for Congenital Lesions
Authors: Dutta Hemonta , Bora Madhuchanda , Saikia Diganta 
Published: June 2017

Objective The purpose of this study is to review our experience with neonates and infants with congenital lung lesions emphasizing natural history, management, and outcomes.
Methods A total of 29 neonates and infants presented with congenital lung lesions between 2000 and 2015. Two patients died before surgery due to complications, and one patient refused surgery. Overall, 26 of them were subjected to surgical treatment and were included in the study. Demographic data, indications for surgery, operative procedure, complications, hospital stay, and follow-up were assessed.
Results A total of 26 children aged 5 to 122 days (mean: 35.5 days, 14 males) presented with various congenital lung malformations: congenital lobar emphysema in 10, congenital cystic adenomatous malformation in 8, bronchogenic cyst in 5, and pulmonary sequestration in 3 patients. Respiratory distress and respiratory tract infection were the most common presenting symptoms noted in 22 patients. In three patients the lesion was detected incidentally on chest X-ray. Lobectomy was the most common operation (19/26). Postoperative complications were noted in 12 patients. One patient died due to postoperative sepsis. Postoperative ventilation was required in 24 patients. Patients in the asymptomatic group recovered without any complications. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 15 years (median: 76.3 months). Only 12 patients received epidural anesthesia and had a better recovery than the other patients.
Conclusion Congenital lobar emphysema was the most common congenital lung lesion in our series. Respiratory distress and respiratory infection were the most common symptoms. Neonates and infants tolerated lung resection well. Use of epidural anesthesia led to less postoperative complications.