bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eugene and Howard Odum
Authors: Hagen Joel 
Published: October 2017

Eugene P. (b. 1913–d. 2002) and Howard T. (b. 1924–d. 2002) Odum were leading figures in the development of ecosystem ecology after the Second World War. They were from a prominent academic family. Their father, the sociologist Howard Washington Odum, was a leading organicist thinker. From their father, Eugene and Howard took the idea of the integration of parts to form a larger social whole, which they later expanded in their holistic ecosystem thinking. The New Deal progressivism that their father espoused became the basis for the Odums’ optimism about protecting the environment through rational planning based on the application of ecological principles. More generally, Howard Washington Odum encouraged his sons’ boyhood interests in science, particularly ornithology. Despite their close identification with the study of ecosystems, both of the younger Odums maintained a strong interest in natural history throughout their careers. The two brothers had contrasting personalities, intellectual perspectives, and styles of research. Yet, despite the differences and some sibling rivalry, they collaborated in a number of significant ways to influence the direction of modern ecology. Most importantly, their deep commitment to the ecosystem as the central concept in ecology and environmental sciences shaped their work, both independently and collaboratively. During the early 1950s, they conducted an important study of ecosystem function on Eniwetok Atoll, the site of US nuclear weapons testing. Like much of their ecosystem research, the study was supported by the US Atomic Energy Commission. Although not directed specifically toward environmental issues of radiation, the work highlighted the coral reef ecosystem as a highly integrated and cooperative assemblage of organisms. The resulting publication was awarded the Mercer Prize from the Ecological Society of America in 1956. Three years later, the second edition of Eugene Odum’s Fundamentals of Ecology was published. This was an expanded edition that included important new chapters on ecosystem energetics and biogeochemical cycling written by H.T. After these early collaborative projects, the Odums pursued largely independent careers and rarely co-authored publications. Nonetheless, their interests in ecosystems continued to intertwine, and although H.T. did not directly contribute to later editions of Fundamentals of Ecology, his important contributions to a theoretical systems ecology continued to inform his brother’s highly influential textbook. The symbiotic relationship between the Odum brothers was recognized later in their careers when they were jointly awarded the Prix de l’Insitut de la Vie in 1975 by the French government and the 1987 Crafoord Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Substance abuse screening in adolescents
Authors: DelRosario Genevieve , Kahle Laura , Lewis Kimberly , Lepper Leigh Tenkku 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Substance abuse among adolescents is a significant public health challenge. This article reviews changes to the American Academy of Pediatrics' policy statement recommending the use of SBIRT (screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment) to screen adolescents for substance abuse.
EQual, a Novel Rubric to Evaluate Entrustable Professional Activities for Quality and Structure
Authors: Taylor David R. , Park Yoon Soo , Egan Rylan , Chan Ming-Ka , Karpinski Jolanta , Touchie Claire , Snell Linda S. , Tekian Ara 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) have become a cornerstone of assessment in competency-based medical education (CBME). Increasingly, EPAs are being adopted that do not conform to EPA standards. This study aimed to develop and validate a scoring rubric to evaluate EPAs for alignment with their purpose, and to identify substandard EPAs.

Method
The EQual rubric was developed and revised by a team of education scholars with expertise in EPAs. It was then applied by four residency program directors/CBME leads (PDs) and four nonclinician support staff to 31 stage-specific EPAs developed for internal medicine in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada’s Competency by Design framework. Results were analyzed using a generalizability study to evaluate overall reliability, with the EPAs as the object of measurement. Item-level analysis was performed to determine reliability and discrimination value for each item. Scores from the PDs were also compared with decisions about revisions made independently by the education scholars group.

Results
The EQual rubric demonstrated high reliability in the G-study with a phi-coefficient of 0.84 when applied by the PDs, and moderate reliability when applied by the support staff at 0.67. Item-level analysis identified three items that performed poorly with low item discrimination and low interrater reliability indices. Scores from support staff only moderately correlated with PDs. Using the preestablished cut score, PDs identified 9 of 10 EPAs deemed to require major revision.

Conclusions
EQual rubric scores reliably measured alignment of EPAs with literature-described standards. Further, its application accurately identified EPAs requiring major revisions.
Learning From Patients: Why Continuity Matters
Authors: Asgarova Sevinj , MacKenzie Mark , Bates Joanna 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Patient continuity, described as the student participating in the provision of comprehensive care of patients over time, may offer particular opportunities for student learning. The aim of this study was to describe how students experience patient continuity and what they learn from it.

Method
An interpretive phenomenological study was conducted between 2015 and 2016. Seventeen fourth-year medical students were interviewed following a longitudinal clinical placement and asked to describe their experiences of patient continuity and what they learned from each experience. Transcripts were analyzed by iteratively refining and testing codes, using health system definitions of patient continuity as sensitizing concepts to develop descriptive themes.

Results
Students described three different forms of patient continuity. Continuity of care, or relational continuity, enabled students to build trusting and professional relationships with their patients. Geographical continuity allowed students to access information about patients from electronic records and their preceptors which allowed students to achieve diagnostic closure and learn to reevaluate their decisions. Students valued the learning that accrued from following challenging patients and addressing challenging decisions over time. Although difficult, these patient continuity experiences led students to critical reflection that was both iterative and deep, leading to intentions for future behavior.

Conclusions
Patient continuity in medical education does not depend solely on face-to-face continuity. Within various patient continuity experiences, following challenging patients and experiencing unanticipated diagnostic and management outcomes trigger critical reflection in students, leading to deep learning.
Validity Evidence and Scoring Guidelines for Standardized Patient Encounters and Patient Notes From a Multisite Study of Clinical Performance Examinations in Seven Medical Schools
Authors: Park Yoon Soo , Hyderi Abbas , Heine Nancy , May Win , Nevins Andrew , Lee Ming , Bordage Georges , Yudkowsky Rachel 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
To examine validity evidence of local graduation competency examination scores from seven medical schools using shared cases and to provide rater training protocols and guidelines for scoring patient notes (PNs).

Method
Between May and August 2016, clinical cases were developed, shared, and administered across seven medical schools (990 students participated). Raters were calibrated using training protocols, and guidelines were developed collaboratively across sites to standardize scoring. Data included scores from standardized patient encounters for history taking, physical examination, and PNs. Descriptive statistics were used to examine scores from the different assessment components. Generalizability studies (G-studies) using variance components were conducted to estimate reliability for composite scores.

Results
Validity evidence was collected for response process (rater perception), internal structure (variance components, reliability), relations to other variables (interassessment correlations), and consequences (composite score). Student performance varied by case and task. In the PNs, justification of differential diagnosis was the most discriminating task. G-studies showed that schools accounted for less than 1% of total variance; however, for the PNs, there were differences in scores for varying cases and tasks across schools, indicating a school effect. Composite score reliability was maximized when the PN was weighted between 30% and 40%. Raters preferred using case-specific scoring guidelines with clear point-scoring systems.

Conclusions
This multisite study presents validity evidence for PN scores based on scoring rubric and case-specific scoring guidelines that offer rigor and feedback for learners. Variability in PN scores across participating sites may signal different approaches to teaching clinical reasoning among medical schools.
Diaphyseal Nonunion in Children
Authors: Yeo Je Hyoung , Jung Sung Taek , Kim Min Cheol , Yang Hong Yeol 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
To delineate the contributing factors of diaphyseal fracture nonunion in children and to determine suggested treatment based on the cohort examined.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Patients:
16 children who underwent operative treatment for diaphyseal nonunion from January 1995 to December 2009.

Intervention:
Stabilization by internal or external fixators with or without bone grafting.

Main Outcome Measure:
Clinical reviews were evaluated by the side of the injury, mechanism of injury, time interval between injury and surgery, operation time, initial treatment type, and nonunion treatment type, and demographic date including age, sex, the presence or absence of pediatric diabetes, and follow-up duration. Radiographic evaluations were obtained to confirm the fracture site and the classification of the fracture pattern preoperatively, and they were used to postoperatively detect the type of nonunion, the time interval between the treatment of nonunion to bony union, and the residual deformity.

Results:
The youngest patient was 6 years with the average age being 11.1 years. Only one of the patients was younger than 8 years, so the distribution was a closed interval beginning at this age. Regardless of age, 16 of the patients were likely to experience nonunion if high-energy traumas and iatrogenic soft tissue injuries caused by the open-reduction procedure were abundant at the time of the fractures.

Conclusions:
The frequency of occurrence was affected by the age of the patient, and it increased when there was extensive iatrogenic soft tissue or insufficient fixation at the time of fracture. Close attention should be paid when dealing with nonunion so that iatrogenic damage is not caused, and sufficient fixation should be performed with adequate tools. Also, it should be noted that it is not unusual for deformities to occur and correction for such deformities should also be considered at the time of surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Three Hundred Sixty-Degree Fuchs Superficial Marginal Keratitis Managed With Annular Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Cheung Albert Y. , Sarnicola Enrica , Kurji Khaliq H. , Genereux Brad M. , Holland Edward J. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To report a case of extensive Fuchs superficial marginal keratitis managed with annular lamellar keratoplasty.

Methods:
Interventional case report.

Results:
A 72-year-old man presented with 20/80 best-corrected visual acuity in his left eye and demonstrated 360-degree peripheral deep immune stromal keratitis and pseudopterygia with peripheral stromal thinning. During superficial keratectomy with amniotic membrane transplantation, the thin cornea was perforated while excising pseudopterygia in the superonasal quadrant. Surgery was aborted. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography demonstrated a severely thinned cornea (240 μm nasally, 360 μm temporally) with overlying pseudopterygia peripherally. After allowing 3 months for the cornea to heal, the decision was made to perform lamellar annular (or “donut”) keratoplasty. The patient had an unremarkable postoperative course, with 20/50 best-corrected visual acuity 10 months after keratoplasty.

Conclusions:
We report an extensive case of Fuchs superficial marginal keratitis treated with 360-degree annular lamellar keratoplasty. This technique provides tectonic support to decrease the likelihood of future perforation while also improving vision by modifying the ectatic cornea. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography may be a helpful tool preoperatively to avoid severely thinned areas (eg, during pseduopterygium removal) and to ensure complete removal of the ectatic cornea.
A Pilot Study to Examine the Relationship Between Napping and Fatigue in Nurses Practicing on the Night Shift
Authors: Neville Kathleen , Velmer Gillian , Brown Shari , Robol Nancy 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of night-shift napping on fatigue.

BACKGROUND
Nurses' fatigue, especially at night, interferes with quality of life and job performance and impacts safety and health.

METHODS
Night-shift nurses completed the Brief Fatigue Inventory and a demographic information sheet to determine differences in fatigue between nurses who napped during their night shift as compared with nurses who did not nap.

RESULTS
No statistically significant differences in global fatigue were found; differences in rotating shift, age, and, gender were identified. Rotating shifts, a 2nd job, and caring for family predicted fatigue.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on this pilot study, further investigations of fatigue among night-shift nurses are needed as well as evidence-based support to promote sleep.
Infant Weight Gain Trajectories Linked to Oral Microbiome Composition
Authors: Craig Sarah J. C. , Blankenberg Daniel , Luisa Parodi Alice Carla , Paul Ian M. , Birch Leann L. , Savage Jennifer S. , Marini Michele E. , Stokes Jennifer L. , Nekrutenko Anton , Reimherr Matthew , Chiaromonte Francesca , Makova Kateryna D. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTGut and oral microbiome perturbations have been observed in obese adults and adolescents. Less is known about how weight gain in early childhood is influenced by gut, and particularly oral, microbiomes. Here we analyze the relationships among weight gain and gut and oral microbiomes in 226 two-year-olds who were followed during the first two years of life, as part of a larger study, with weight and length measured at seven time points. We used these data to identify children with rapid weight gain (a strong risk factor for childhood obesity), and to derive growth curves with novel Functional Data Analysis (FDA) techniques. The children’s oral and gut microbiomes were sampled at the end of the two-year period, and surveyed with 16S sequencing. First, we show that growth curves are associated negatively with diversity and positively with Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio of the oral microbiome – a relationship that is also observed in children with rapid (vs. non-rapid) weight gain. We also demonstrate an association between the gut microbiome and child growth, but only when considering the effect of diet on the microbiome. Lastly, we identify several bacterial genera that are associated with child growth patterns. These results suggest that by the age of two, the oral microbiome may have already begun to establish patterns often seen in older obese individuals. They also suggest that the gut microbiome, while strongly influenced by diet, at age two does not harbor obesity signatures many researchers identified in later life stages.
Origins of the current outbreak of multidrug resistant malaria in Southeast Asia: a retrospective genetic study
Authors: Amato Roberto , Pearson Richard D. , Almagro-Garcia Jacob , Amaratunga Chanaki , Lim Pharath , Suon Seila , Sreng Sokunthea , Drury Eleanor , Stalker Jim , Miotto Olivo , Fairhurst Rick M. , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAntimalarial failure is rapidly spreading across parts of Southeast Asia where dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PPQ) is used as first line treatment. The first published reports came from western Cambodia in 2013. Here we analyse genetic changes in the Plasmodium falciparum population of western Cambodia in the six years prior to that.MethodsWe analysed genome sequence data on 1492 P. falciparum samples from Southeast Asia, including 464 collected in western Cambodia between 2007 and 2013. Different epidemiological origins of resistance were identified by haplotypic analysis of the kelch13 artemisinin resistance locus and the plasmepsin 2-3 piperaquine resistance locus.FindingsWe identified over 30 independent origins of artemisinin resistance, of which the KEL1 lineage accounted for 91% of DHA-PPQ-resistant parasites. In 2008, KEL1 combined with PLA1, the major lineage associated with piperaquine resistance. By 2012, the KEL1/PLA1 co-lineage had reached over 60% frequency in western Cambodia and had spread to northern Cambodia.InterpretationThe KEL1/PLA1 co-lineage emerged in the same year that DHA-PPQ became the first line antimalarial drug in western Cambodia and spread aggressively thereafter, displacing other artemisinin-resistant parasite lineages. These findings have significant implications for management of the global health risk associated with the current outbreak.FundingWellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Medical Research Council, UK Department for International Development, and Intramural Research Program of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
Reconstructing deep-time paleoclimate legacies unveil the demise and turnover of the ancient (boreo)tropical flora
Authors: Meseguer Andrea S. , Lobo Jorge M. , Cornuault Josselin , Beerling David , Ruhfel Brad R. , Davis Charles C. , Jousselin Emmanuelle , Sanmartín Isabel 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAimSince the Late Cretaceous, the Earth has gone through periods of climate change similar in scale and pace to the warming trend observed today in the Anthropocene. The impact of these ancient climatic events on the evolutionary trajectories of organisms provides clues on the organismal response to climate change, including extinction, migration or persistence. Here, we examine the evolutionary response to climate cooling/warming events of the clusioid families Calophyllaceae, Podostemaceae and Hypericaceae (CPH), and the genusHypericumas test cases.LocationHolarctic.Time periodLate Cretaceous-CenozoicMajor taxa studiedangiospermsMethodsWe use paleoclimate simulations, species distribution models and phylogenetic comparative approaches calibrated with fossils.ResultsAncestral CPH lineages could have been distributed in the Holarctic 100 Ma, occupying tropical subhumid assemblages, a finding supported by the fossil record. Expansion to closed-canopy tropical rain forests occurred after 60 Ma, in the Cenozoic, in agreement with earlier ideas of a post-Cretaceous origin of current tropical rain forest. Cooling during this period triggered diversification declines on CPH tropical lineages, and was associated with a climatic shift towards temperate affinities inHypericum.Hypericumsubsequently migrated to tropical mountains where it encountered different temperate conditions than in the Holarctic.Main conclusionsWe hypothesize that most clusioid CPH lineages failed to adapt to temperate regimes during periods of Cenozoic climate change, and thus went extinct in the Holarctic. In contrast, boreotropical descendants includingHypericumthat underwent niche evolution demonstrated selective advantages as climates became colder. Our results points toward macroevolutionary trajectories involving the altering fates of closely related clades that adapt to periods of global climate change versus those that do not. Moreover, they suggest the hypothesis that potentially many clades, particularly inhabitants of boreotropical floras, were likely extirpated from the Holarctic and persist today (if at all) in more southern tropical locations.
The effects of retail store characteristics on in-store leisure shopping experience
Authors: Triantafillidou Amalia , Siomkos George , Papafilippaki Eirini 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of store characteristics (i.e. product availability, product quality, store layout, employee politeness, décor, music, lighting, and aroma) on the various dimensions of in-store leisure shopping experience (i.e. hedonic, flow, escapism, challenge, learning, socialising, and communitas).

Design/methodology/approach
In order to achieve the study’s objectives, a quantitative on-site survey was conducted. Respondents were interviewed upon exiting fashion retail stores.

Findings
Findings indicate that not all store characteristics impact the various dimensions of experience in the same way. Product quality and in-store music were found to be the most important in-store characteristics that affected the majority of experience dimensions. Other important store attributes that emerged were store layout and ambient scent. Conversely, product range actually had a negative impact on in-store experience.

Practical implications
By orchestrating the most influential in-store characteristics, fashion retailers could be delivering unique in-store experiences to their customers. This research shows that they would benefit from designing experiential strategies that focus on merchandise quality, price, and availability while simultaneously carefully managing ambient (music and scent) alongside design factors (store layout and décor). Careful consideration should be paid to merchandise variety in order to avoid potentially negative effects on customers’ shopping experience.

Originality/value
Until now most studies that document the relationship between store elements and shopping experiences have examined the effects of store characteristics on a limited number of experience dimensions. This study adds to the body of research into in-store leisure shopping experience in two ways: by shedding light on its multi-dimensional nature, and by analysing the effect of the different store elements on the various components of the in-store experience.