bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Christian Faith Survive Auschwitz?
Authors: Fasching Darrell J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper argues that, for both Jews and Christians, the Holocaust represents a hermeneutic rupture. After Auschwitz, Jews find their belief in the God of history called into question. And Christians find their past interpretations of the Gospel as good news called into question, when forced by the Holocaust to see that it has been used to justify 2000 years of persecution, expulsion, and pogrom against the Jewish people. For Christians to acknowledge the Holocaust as hermeneutic rupture is to give it the authority of a new hermeneutic criterion for interpreting the Gospel, in which nothing is the word of God which denies the covenantal integrity of the Jewish People. The Holocaust forces a redefinition of the “canon within the canon” in which Paul's letter to the Romans and the Book of Job become central texts. Romans becomes the cornerstone of post-Holocaust theology because it predates the fall of the temple and the emergence of the anti-Judaic myth of Christian supercession and affirms the ongoing election of the Jewish people. And after the Holocaust, the Book of Job takes on new meaning as an allegory, only a desacralized Christianity which demythologizes some of its most sacred traditions in order to affirm human dignity and Jewish integrity can survive Auschwitz with any authenticity.
Being Catholic and Being American
Authors: Curran Charles E. 
Published: August 2016

The story of Catholicism in the United States can best be understood in light of the struggle to be both Catholic and American. This question of being both Catholic and American is currently raised with great urgency in these days because of recent tensions between the Vatican and the Catholic Church in the United States.History shows that Rome has always been suspicious and fearful that the American Catholic Church would become too American and in the process lose what is essential to its Roman Catholicism. Jay Dolan points out two historical periods in which attempts were made to incorporate more American approaches and understandings into the life of the church, but these attempts were ultimately unsuccessful.In the late eighteenth century, the young Catholic Church in the United States attempted to appropriate many American ideas into its life. Recall that at this time the Catholic Church was a very small minority church. Dolan refers to this movement as a Republican Catholicism and links this understanding with the leading figure in the early American church, John Carroll. Carroll, before he was elected by the clergy as the first bishop in the United States in 1789, had asked Rome to grant to the church in the United States that ecclesiastical liberty which the temper of the age and of the people requires.
Widening the Sphere of Discourse: Reflections on the Feminist Perspective in Religious Studies
Authors: Weaver Mary Jo 
Published: August 2016

This past February I spent a bracing weekend with two feminist pioneers in their own fields. Joan Huber is an old friend and early mentor, Dean of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Ohio State, and a well-published feminist sociologist. Susan Gubar, my best friend at Indiana University for more than a decade, is a distinguished literary critic and co-author of landmark books likeThe Madwoman in the Attic, andThe Norton Anthology of Literature by Women. Both have changed the shape of their respective disciplines with their work on women and so carry impeccable feminist credentials. Susan and I went to Columbus to help Joan prepare for her March debate with Carol Gilligan.Since I grew up next to Joan as a teenager, weekends with her are always wonderful for me because they combine all the comforts of home with all the things I could never do while growing up. When I go to Joan's house I eat wonderful meals, drink too much, abandon all my resolutions about smoking, stay up too late, and engage in fabulous conversation. Adding Susan to this cluster of stimulants tripled the pleasure, and the fact that it took us hours to get there and forced us to reread Gilligan did not dampen the occasion. I looked forward to the visit and secretly hoped that the conversation would do something to renew my flagging feminist spirit.
8. Art Historical Issues Arising From the M5 Burial at Anyang
Authors: Kane Virginia 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper takes the position that the “late Wu Ting” or “Period II” dating for M5, now accepted by many scholars, cannot be reconciled with the advanced typological and stylistic qualities exhibited by so many of its bronze vessels, and that therefore the reading of the M5 bronze inscriptions as “Fu Hao” and the viewing of this as the name of a single individual woman, the consort of Wu Ting, constitute a methodology which must be rejected. Instead, the inscriptions could be read as “Fu Tzu,” with Tzu ( ) recognized as the feminization of the Shang surname Tzu ( ). Since this name would have been inherited by all daughters of the Tzu clan, there would have been at any one time a sizable number of royal women of various ages appropriately titled “Fu Tzu” ; and the necessity of identifying the Fu Tzu of the M5 inscriptions only with a woman named in the Wu Ting oracle bones can be eliminated. It is, moreover, likely that even in the Wu Ting oracle-bone inscriptions the references to “Fu Tzu” actually concerned several different ladies of the royal clan—daughters or aunts of the king, as well as consorts (the royal clan being endogamous).
Xunzi in the Light of the Guodian Manuscripts
Authors: Goldin Paul Rakita 
Published: August 2016

This article discusses the several previously unknown Confucian texts discovered in 1993 in a Warring States tomb at Guodian, near Jingmen, Hubei Province. I believe that these works should be understood as doctrinal material deriving from a single tradition of Confucianism and datable to around 300 B.C. Of the surviving literature from the same period, they are closer to theXunzithan to any other text, and anticipate several characteristic themes in Xunzi's philosophy. These are: the notion of human nature (xing性),and the controversy over whether the source of morality is internar or “external”; the role of learning (xue學)and habitual practice (xi習) in moral development; the content and origin of ritual (li禮), by which human beings accord with the Way; the conception of the ruler as the mind (xin心) of the state; and the psychological utility of music (yue樂) in inculcating proper values.It is especially important for scholars to take note of these connections with Xunzi, in view of the emerging trend to associate the Guodian manuscripts with Zisi, the famous grandson of Confucius, whom Xunzi bitterly criticized.
The Analysis of Shear Distribution for Multi-Cell Beams in Flexure by means of Successive Numerical Approximations
Authors: Samson Derek R. 
Published: August 2016

The determination of shear distributions for multi-cell sections can conveniently be considered as two separate problems.(i)the shear flow arising from a pure torsional couple applied in the plane of the section, and(ii)the shear flow arising from a resultant shear force acting on the section so as to produce no resultant twist per unit length of that section,i.e. through the shear centre of that section.Both problems involve finding the value of one unknown shear flow for each cell, so that in multi-cell construction a set of simultaneous equations is obtained, which must be solved to obtain the shear pattern.The solution of problem (i) by successive numerical approximations has been dealt with completely by Benscoter. The present paper gives a method for problem (ii).The usefulness of the method becomes more apparent with increasing numbers of spar webs as may be envisaged for future wing sections of small thickness chord ratios. It is analogous in the procedure used to the Hardy Cross moment distribution method for continuous beams, and has similar advantages. An approximate solution of any required degree of accuracy is quickly obtainable at the design stage and the method is readily adaptable for use by a computer with no knowledge of the structural or mathematical theory involved.
Receptances in Mechanical Systems
Authors: Duncan W. J. , Biot M. A. , Johnson D. C. , Bishop R. E. D. 
Published: August 2016

We wish to propose that the word “receptance” should be used instead of “admittance” as applied to mechanical systems (see R. and M. 2,000, 1947). By this, we mean that if a generalised disturbing force Fseiωt is applied at the sth generalised co-ordinate qs of a linear oscillatory system, then the response at the rth generalised co-ordinate is given byqs = αrsFseiωtwhere αrs is the “Cross-receptance” between qr and qs. If r = s, then αrs would be the “direct receptance” at qs.
Biological and Aerodynamical Problems of Animal Flight
Authors: Holst Erich Von , Kuchemann Dietrich 
Published: August 2016

The recurring discussions regarding human flapping flight (if possible, by muscle-power!) have done more harm than good, because they distract attention from other more important subjects.For example, the heed for the faster and larger flying creatures (such as large birds) and for high-speed aeroplanes to reduce speed when necessary, without corresponding loss of lift. All kinds of “ high lift devices ” have been invented for aeroplanes. All are based on the principle of making possible a steeper angle of attack or a higher wing-camber, thus giving greater lift without causing eddies that would lead to a break-away of the airflow on the upper surface.
Buckling of Plates with Lateral Stiffeners
Authors: Yushan Huang 
Published: August 2016

In most of the problems concerned with the buckling of plates it is assumed that the length of the plate is greater than its width, and that the edges of the plate, at which the compression loads are applied, are simply supported. The method of support of the side edges vary with the actual conditions.In the case of short wide plates or plates with many lateral stiffeners, as shown in Figs, 1 and 2 respectively, the effect on the buckling load due to the conditions of support at the two side edges will become less, and that due to the conditions of support at the end edges will become important, so that they can no longer be assumed to be simply supported. For ease of calculation the side edges are assumed to be simply supported.
Flight Research at High Subsonic Speeds
Authors: Davies H. 
Published: August 2016

Until about ten years ago the highest speeds achieved by aircraft, even in dives, rarely exceeded half the speed of sound. Under these conditions the air round the aircraft behaved very much as if it were incompressible, and the forces acting on the aircraft could be derived on the basis of laws governing the aerodynamics of incompressible fluids.During the 1939-45 War great advances were made in the performance of aircraft and eventually speeds of over three-quarters of the speed of sound were being reached, even in level flight. At these speeds the air no longer behaves as an incompressible fluid; the aerodynamic laws involved become much more complicated and the aircraft designer is faced with a mass of new problems, involving many strange and unexpected effects.The purpose of this lecture is to discuss the contribution which research in flight can make towards the elucidation of these problems, with special reference to work done at the Royal Aircraft Establishment during the past few years.
Large Aeroplanes
Authors: Roxbee Cox H. 
Published: August 2016

I want this evening to present some reasons for believing- that we can build successful aeroplanes of enormous size, and, what is more important, that they will not be merely monuments to a desire for the gigantic.In the past, bold computers have defined upper limits to the size of aeroplanes. Their prophecies have varied, and most of them have been belied by practical achievement. Their arguments were usually based on what has been called the “ Cube Law ” or the “ Square-Cube Rule.” This rule, though it has apparently proved misleading, is indeed correct when properly applied, and it forms a convenient point from which to begin an enquiry into the feasibility of the giant aeroplane.
Part I. The Aircraft Viewpoint
Authors: Chaplin R. H. 
Published: August 2016

Before embarking upon the business of this paper I should like to make one or two general remarks by way of explanation.It was suggested by two members of the Council that the present situation with regard to ancillary power services on aircraft was far from satisfactory, and that the question might well form the basis of a lecture before the Society; moreover, that such a lecture might be more interesting and valuable if presented as a joint paper by a member of an engine firm and an aircraft firm respectively. Mr. Nixon and myself have had the honour of being asked to collaborate in this connection and we trust the result will be acceptable to you.
The Natural Limits to Human Flight
Authors: Wimperis H. E. 
Published: August 2016

The more I think about the subject chosen for this Address, the rasher does it seem. To proclaim limits to human flight is to do two things. To say what can be done, and to suggest what cannot. Now, though there may be little rashness in the one, there is much in the other. If I say that such and such a thing can be done and someone in the distant years points out that actually it has not been done, my shade has the easy reply that achievement requires effort and that my critics should use their brains.But if I suggest that certain boundaries cannot be crossed, what fun for the coming race of engineers who cross them (if they do), than to poke fun at the memory of your lecturer to-night! And when I use the word flight I mean flying with wings and not the flight of a projectile.
The Use of Model Data in Aeroplane Design
Authors: Bradfield F. B. , Ellis D. L. 
Published: August 2016

My first reaction to being asked to speak on this subject was that it is the user and not the producer of model data whose views we want to hear, and I am glad to say that Mr. Ellis has agreed to co-ordinate with me, so that I have some inside knowledge to draw on, if I venture to say what a designer does.I wish in the main, however, to take the title in rather a different way, and to discuss in what sense model tests can be expected to give results useful to the designer.
Definition of Specific Impulse
Authors: Thorne F. W. 
Published: August 2016

Your contributors on Specific Impulse in the May journal say, “ The mass definition, on the other hand, gives a value of specific impulse which varies according to the units used.“It must be realised that the value of a quantity cannot depend on the units chosen. To quote therefore the example on page 371 in gravitational units, namely: —
Definition of Specific Impulse
Authors: Asquith K. , Whitaker J. G. 
Published: August 2016

We can agree with Professor Thorne that no physical quantity can be altered by varying the system of measurement, in the sense that the length of a ruler, for example, is the same whether its length be recorded in inches or centimetres. It is of course the numerical value of the length that varies with the system of measurement, and perhaps we should have used the words “numerical value” instead of “value” in the paragraph to which Professor Thorne refers.We maintain our assertion, however, that in recording specific impulses, there is more likelihood of confusion as to numerical value, and as to the nature of the unit, if the mass definition is employed
Value of Weight Sating in Air Liners
Authors: Green F. M. 
Published: August 2016

The value of 1 lb. of weight saved in an air liner has been given as equal to 1 lb. of gold in an American paper. This figure has been calculated in a more complete way, and on the assumptions made is reduced to £16 10s. or near enough to one guinea per oz. saved.(1)It is almost always possible to reduce the weight of any component of an aircraft or engine by refining the design. This can be done in many ways, but chiefly by improved material, by reducing dimensional tolerances, by more accurate stressing and by development by mechanical testing. These processes increase the cost and time of manufacture, and as the value of an air liner starts only when it is put into service, and its useful life is settled by obsolescence rather than by wearing out, there is always a practical limit to the time that can be spent on design, development and manufacture. During wartime the resources of the country are pushed to their limit and it is often impossible to get a big enough production of the best materials, o r i o work to fine tolerances; hence we accept an aircraft a good deal short of the ideal. The life of the aircraft is comparatively short and is governed largely by factors outside our control, so that an assessment of the value of weight saving is nearly impossible.
Aircraft Circuit-Breakers
Authors: Flurscheim C. H. , Nott J. A. 
Published: August 2016

The electrical power demand in aircraft has shown a very marked increase in recent years consequent on the development of many new airborne electrical devices in the field of armaments, communications and the control of flight. Whereas not many years back the total demand on the largest aircraft could be supplied from a small windmill driven generator of fractional kilowatt output, designs are now in existence requiring 24 kW. generating capacity, while larger loads are projected for future types.The power distribution problem has therefore been widely modified and the increased importance of the electrical services performed has considerably raised the status of a onetime Cinderella.
A Comparison of Valve Mechanism (Poppet and Sleeve) as Regards Limiting Values of Compression Ratio, Mean Effective Pressure and Specific Fuel Consumption
Authors: Hoock Th. 
Published: August 2016

The performance of large aero-engines is limited by the weight of the charge that can be inspired at the high speeds and by the tendency to knock, which is due chiefly to the hot exhaust valve. The performance can be considerably increased when a valve control system is employed, which offers small resistances and large passages for the gas flow. Besides this, the walls of the combustion chamber must be kept at a low and uniform temperature, in order to ensure freedom from knocking even with high compression.As tests show that the knock resistance and the piston pressure in engines with rotary valves are sensibly greater than in the same engines with poppet valves, measurement results are used in order to ascertain the possible limiting values obtainable for the compression ratio, the mean piston pressure and the specific fuel consumption of large aero-engines.
At High Altitude
Authors: Lanchester F. W. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn the present paper it is demonstrated that variations in the Reynolds number as due to altitude are unimportant, provided that NR at sea level is in the region of 107.That under these conditions the law of velocity in relation to altitude, is implicitly contained in the expression W= KLρV2 x area, in which ρ and V only are variables; i.e., the velocity of flight must vary in the inverse ratio of .That the velocity limit due to the elasticity of air is lower at high altitude, for the velocity of sound is lower, the optimum flight velocity is higher. The facts concerning this are set forth.
Note on the Possibility of Flight by Human Power
Authors: Townend H. C. H. 
Published: August 2016

The object of this note is to draw attention to a few facts which, taken together, suggest that, from a purely aerodynamic point of view, the difficulties involved in flight by human power may not be as great as is generally supposed.Some years ago, in a lecture delivered to the Royal Aeronautical Society, the German soaring pilot, Lippisch, referred to an account of dynamic soaring given by Lanchester in his “ Aerodonetics ” and to some wind tunnel experiments made in Vienna.
Testing Civil Aircraft
Authors: Hufton P. A. 
Published: August 2016

When I was asked to give this lecture on Civil Flight Testing, I considered in what way any of my experience might be of general help to the Industry.The tests which A. and A.E.E. make on civil aircraft are at the moment of three kinds: —(a)Tests to prove compliance with Air Registration Board requirements for a Certificate of Airworthiness.(b)Development tests for firms in order to suggest modifications to the aircraft occasioned by the results of tests made under (a).(c)Tests made for the Ministry of Supply because some of the aircraft are for Ministry of Supply contracts.
Thurston Wing-Tip Rotors Control Beyond the Stall
Authors: Thurston A. P. 
Published: August 2016

Summary and DeductionsThe accompanying Report No. B.A. 1083 of the Royal Aircraft Establishment demonstrates generally that a moving body or rider plane can be associated with a fixed body or plane for altering the aerodynamic properties of the combination for various useful purposes, and in particular, that rotating cambered rider planes, when associated with the front edge of a fixed wing of standard section (see Fig. 11) “are definitely advantageous” in improving the gliding conditions, and that “by increasing the size of the rotors relatively to the size of the wings, this superiority is increased.”Previous experiments at the N.P.L. with various types of wings fitted alternately—with optimum wing-tip slots and with rotors—have shown that rotors can give about the same degree of lateral stability as tip slots, but over a much wider angular range. Other experiments with better rotors than used at the N.P.L. have shown that a more powerful stabilising effect over a wider annular range is to be obtained with rotors than with slots.
The Case for Vertical Flight
Authors: Platt Haviland H. 
Published: August 2016

If the man in the street is asked his opinion of the future of aviation, he will almost invariably reply, “ Everyone will have an aeroplane on his roof and go straight up like this.” Whereupon he will go through the traditional motion of the spiral staircase joke.The expert pilot or technician of to-day, overhearing this remark, smiles in a superior way. In his mind are two contrasting pictures : That of a city over which whirligigs are springing up from adjacent roof tops; and that of the vast empty spaces of even the busiest airport as he knows it.
Speeds of Commercial Aeroplanes
Authors: Breguet Louis 
Published: August 2016

It is a great honour for me to address the members of the oldest learned society devoted to aeronautics, the Royal Aeronautical Society, which was founded in 1866—six years before the Société Francaise de Navigation Aérienne of France was founded for the same purpose.The choice of a subject nowadays is a difficult matter; great progress has been made in aeronautical science—numerous research workers all over the world are endeavouring to solve the outstanding problems—and the reason I decided to take for my lecture the subject of the maximum speeds of commercial aeroplanes was that it appears to me to be a matter of the utmost importance for the future of commercial aeronautics and for linking up the different peoples of the globe.
Some Engineering Problems of Large Aircraft
Authors: Russell A. E. 
Published: August 2016

The scope of this paper is necessarily restricted. A large aeroplane, within the new definition, has not yet flown in this country. This event, however, is not very far off and the preparatory work that makes it possible has brought to light many novel problems. In some cases these could be predicted with normal anticipation, whereas others have only emerged as analysis progressed. These latter are frequently good examples of the dangers of too facile extrapolation.Some of the reasons for having large aeroplanes are examined and subsequently, the chief technical problems arising are described. These descriptions avoid mathematics, as in many cases this approach is extremely long and involved and merits individual publication.