bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphedema evaluation using noninvasive 3T MR lymphangiography
Authors: Crescenzi Rachelle , Donahue Paula M.C. , Hartley Katherine G. , Desai Aditi A. , Scott Allison O. , Braxton Vaughn , Mahany Helen , Lants Sarah K. , Donahue Manus J. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo exploit the long 3.0T relaxation times and low flow velocity of lymphatic fluid to develop a noninvasive 3.0T lymphangiography sequence and evaluate its relevance in patients with lymphedema.Materials and MethodsA 3.0T turbo‐spin‐echo (TSE) pulse train with long echo time (TEeffective = 600 msec; shot‐duration = 13.2 msec) and TSE‐factor (TSE‐factor = 90) was developed and signal evolution simulated. The method was evaluated in healthy adults (n = 11) and patients with unilateral breast cancer treatment‐related lymphedema (BCRL; n = 25), with a subgroup (n = 5) of BCRL participants scanned before and after manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) therapy. Maximal lymphatic vessel cross‐sectional area, signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (SNR), and results from a five‐point categorical scoring system were recorded. Nonparametric tests were applied to evaluate study parameter differences between controls and patients, as well as between affected and contralateral sides in patients (significance criteria: two‐sided P < 0.05).ResultsPatient volunteers demonstrated larger lymphatic cross‐sectional areas in the affected (arm = 12.9 ± 6.3 mm2; torso = 17.2 ± 15.6 mm2) vs. contralateral (arm = 9.4 ± 3.9 mm2; torso = 9.1 ± 4.6 mm2) side; this difference was significant both for the arm (P = 0.014) and torso (P = 0.025). Affected (arm: P = 0.010; torso: P = 0.016) but not contralateral (arm: P = 0.42; torso: P = 0.71) vessel areas were significantly elevated compared with control values. Lymphatic cross‐sectional areas reduced following MLD on the affected side (pre‐MLD: arm = 8.8 ± 1.8 mm2; torso = 31.4 ± 26.0 mm2; post‐MLD: arm = 6.6 ± 1.8 mm2; torso = 23.1 ± 24.3 mm2). This change was significant in the torso (P = 0.036). The categorical scoring was found to be less specific for detecting lateralizing disease compared to lymphatic‐vessel areas.ConclusionA 3.0T lymphangiography sequence is proposed, which allows for upper extremity lymph stasis to be detected in ∼10 minutes without exogenous contrast agents.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1349–1360.
Self‐modeling based diagnosis of network services over programmable networks
Authors: Sánchez Vílchez José Manuel , Ben Yahia Imen Grida , Lac Chidung , Crespi Noel 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a multilayer self‐diagnosis framework for network services within the software‐defined networking and network functions virtualization environments. The framework encompasses 3 main contributions: (1) the definition of multilayered templates to identify the components to supervise across the physical, logical, virtual, and service layers. These templates are also finer‐granular, extendable, and machine‐readable; (2) a topology‐aware and a service‐aware self‐modeling module that takes as input the templates, instantiates them, and generates an on‐the‐fly diagnosis model, which includes the physical, logical, and the virtual dependencies of network services; (3) a topology‐aware and a service‐aware root cause analysis approach that takes into account the network services views and their underlying network resources observations within the aforementioned layers to automate the diagnosis of programmable networks. We also present extensive simulations to prove and evaluate the following aspects: a fully automated diagnosis model generation and a fine‐grained and reduced uncertainty diagnosis of the root cause for network services failures including those of their underlying resources. We include in this extended paper relevant state‐of‐the‐art on topology and service aware diagnosis approaches for different types of network technologies, a deeper insight of our approach and problem formalization, and additional results.
Exploring the Effect of Ginsenoside Rh1 in a Sleep Deprivation‐Induced Mouse Memory Impairment Model
Authors: Lu Cong , Shi Zhe , Dong Liming , Lv Jingwei , Xu Pan , Li Yinghui , Qu Lina , Liu Xinmin 
Published: February 2017

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for enhancing cognition for thousands of years. Ginsenoside Rh1, a constituent of ginseng root, as with other constituents, has memory‐improving effects in normal mice and scopolamine‐induced amnesic mice. Sleep deprivation (SD) is associated with memory impairment through induction of oxidative stress. The present study investigated the effect of Rh1 against SD‐induced cognitive impairment and attempted to define the possible mechanisms involved. Ginsenoside Rh1 (20 μmol/kg; 40 μmol/kg) and modafinil (0.42 g/kg) were administered to the mice intraperitoneally for 23 days. After 14‐day SD, locomotor activity was examined using the open field test, and the object location recognition and Morris water maze tests were used to evaluate cognitive ability. The cortex and hippocampus were then dissected and homogenized, and levels and activities of antioxidant defense biomarkers were evaluated to determine the level of oxidative stress. The results revealed that Rh1 prevented cognitive impairment induced by SD, and its ability to reduce oxidative stress in cortex and hippocampus may contribute to the mechanism of action. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute physical and psychological stress effects on visceral hypersensitivity in male rat: role of central nucleus of the amygdala
Authors: Afzali Hamideh , Nabavizadeh Fatemeh , Karimian Seyed Morteza , Sohanaki Hamid , Vahedian Jalal , Mohamadi Seyed Mehdi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute physical and psychological stress and temporary central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) block on stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity.Methods Forty two male Wistar rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into 7 groups (n = 6); 1 – Control, 2 – physical stress, 3 – psychological stress, 4 – sham, 5 – lidocaine, 6 – lidocaine + physical stress and 7 – lidocaine + psychological stress. Stress induction was done using a communication box.Results Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score was monitored one hour after stress exposure. AWR score significantly heightened at 20, 40 and 60 mmHg in the psychological stress group compared with control (p < 0.05), while, it was almost unchanged in other groups. This score was strikingly decreased at 20, 40 and 60 mmHg in lidocaine + psychological stress group compared with psychological stress with no tangible response on physical stress. Total stool weight was significantly increased in psychological stress group compared with control (0.72 ± 0.15, 0.1 ± 0.06 g) (p < 0.05), but it did not change in physical stress compared to control group (0.16 ± 0.12, 0.1 ± 0.06 g) (p < 0.05). Concomitant use of lidocaine with stress followed the same results in psychological groups (0.18 ± 0.2, 0.72 ± 0.15 g) (p < 0.05), while it did not have any effect on physical stress group (0.25 ± 0.1, 0.16 ± 0.12 g) (p < 0.05).Conclusions Psychological stress could strongly affect visceral hypersensitivity. This effect is statistically comparable with physical stress. Temporary CeA block could also reduce visceral hypersensitivity post-acute psychological stress.
Are Bondholders Investors? Sovereign Debt and Investment Arbitration afterPoštová
Authors: ORTOLANI PIETRO 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAs a result of the 2010 sovereign debt crisis and the subsequent restructuring operations, bondholders have pursued different dispute resolution strategies. Litigation before US courts has proved to be a viable option, as demonstrated by the Argentine cases. State court litigation, however, is not the only available forum: in some cases, bondholders have commenced arbitration proceedings against the issuing state.Arbitral case law has been consistent in concluding that the holders of sovereign bonds issued by the host state qualify as investors and thus have standing to bring investment treaty-based claims. The recentPoštováaward, however, casts doubts over whether holders of sovereign bonds qualify as investors for the purposes of international investment law.This article illustrates the main problems revolving around the qualification of sovereign bonds as investments for the purposes of international investment law. The article summarizes the relevant legal framework and the solutions adopted by arbitral case law so far. Subsequently, the contents of thePoštovádecision are addressed in detail and the consequences of this decision are scrutinizsed.
Salmonellain the pork production chain and its impact on human health in the European Union
Authors: BONARDI S. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYSalmonellaspp. comprise the second most common food-borne pathogens in the European Union (EU). The role of pigs as carriers ofSalmonellahas been intensively studied both on farm and at slaughter.Salmonellainfection in pigs may cause fever, diarrhoea, prostration and mortality. However, most infected pigs remain healthy carriers, and those infected at the end of the fattening period could pose a threat to human health. Contamination of pig carcasses can occur on the slaughter line, and it is linked to cross-contamination from other carcasses and the presence ofSalmonellain the environment. Therefore,Salmonellaserovars present on pig carcasses can be different from those detected in the same bathes on the farm. In recent years,S.Typhimurium,S.Derby andS.serotype 4,[5],12:i:- (a monophasic variant ofS.Typhimurium) have been the most common serovars to be detected in pigs in EU countries, butS.Rissen,S.Infantis,S.Enteritidis andS.Brandenburg have also been reported. In humans, several cases of salmonellosis have been linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked pork and pork products. Among the main serovars of porcine origin detected in confirmed human cases,S.Typhimurium, the monophasic variantS.4,[5],12:i:- andS.Derby are certainly the most important.
A 10-year analysis of VTEC microbiological clearance times, in the under-six population of the Midlands, Ireland
Authors: COLLINS A. , FALLON U. B. , COSGROVE M. , MEAGHER G. , NI SHUILEABHAN C. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYVerotoxin-producingEscherichia coli(VTEC) is a significant problem in the under-six population in the Midlands, Ireland. VTEC spreads by person-to-person transmission and children attending childcare facilities are excluded until they achieve two consecutive negative stool samples. This report analyses 10 years data on the number of days children under the age of six take to microbiologically clear VTEC. We identified from our data that the median clearance time for VTEC was 39 days, interquartile range (IQR) 27–56 days, maximum clearance time 283 days. At 70 days from onset of infection, 90% of children had cleared the infection. These findings were slightly more prolonged but consistent with international literature on VTEC clearance times for children. Asymptomatic children cleared VTEC infection significantly faster (median time 25 days IQR 13–43 days) than symptomatic children (median time 43 days IQR 31–58 days). Symptomatic children older than 1 year of age cleared VTEC infection significantly faster (median time 42 days IQR 31–57) than symptomatic children year under 1 year (median time 56 days IQR 35–74 days). This report identifies clear data which can be used to more accurately advise parents on time periods required to achieve microbiological clearance from VTEC.
Implementation of hardware TCP/IP stack for DAQ systems with flexible data channel
Authors: Liu Quan , Xu Zhiqiang , Li Zhengying 
Published: February 2017

Traditional solutions for Ethernet transmission of data acquisition systems (DAQ) are mainly based on software transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) stack while its throughput is relatively low and hard to improve. A hardware TCP/IP stack that can greatly promote the Ethernet throughput for generic DAQ is presented. To reduce the memory overhead of FPGA in DAQ, a shared memory method based on parallel and pipeline operations is proposed so that it can realise multiple protocols with just 2 Kb RAM for receiving and sending respectively. Unlike software system, hardware stack is difficult to realise multiple data source transmission simultaneously since it is realised totally by logic circuits. Therefore, a data manage module is designed specially to manage the internal, software and hardware data and it can enhance the flexibility and practicability remarkably. Functional simulation shows that, under 50 MHz system clock, the maximum throughput is near 800 Mbps. A common Megabit Ethernet controller chip is applied in the board test. The results show that the maximum throughput of the whole system is 82.2 Mbps which is much better than designs based on the same or similar network controllers.
Synergy of cAMP and calcium signaling pathways in CFTR regulation
Authors: Bozoky Zoltan , Ahmadi Saumel , Milman Tal , Kim Tae Hun , Du Kai , Di Paola Michelle , Pasyk Stan , Pekhletski Roman , Keller Jacob P. , Bear Christine E. , Forman-Kay Julie D. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes a chloride channel located in the apical membrane of epithelia cells. The cAMP signaling pathway and protein phosphorylation are known to be primary controlling mechanisms for channel function. In this study, we present an alternative activation pathway that involves calcium-activated calmodulin binding of the intrinsically disordered regulatory (R) region of CFTR. Beyond their potential therapeutic value, these data provide insights into the intersection of calcium signaling with control of ion homeostasis and the ways in which the local CFTR microdomain organizes itself.
Genetic variation in chromosome Y regulates susceptibility to influenza A virus infection
Authors: Krementsov Dimitry N. , Case Laure K. , Dienz Oliver , Raza Abbas , Fang Qian , Ather Jennifer L. , Poynter Matthew E. , Boyson Jonathan E. , Bunn Janice Y. , Teuscher Cory 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Including sex and gender into preclinical research is central to delineating the mechanisms contributing to sex differences in health and disease. The majority of sex differences in susceptibility to infectious diseases, such as influenza A virus (IAV), are believed to be due to the influence of sex hormones on the immune system; however, the idea that sex chromosomes also may influence infectious disease susceptibility is being increasingly recognized. Our finding that genetic variation in chromosome Y (ChrY) influences the survival of male mice following IAV infection, and the associated sex differences in IAV susceptibility, further establishes a critical role for ChrY in controlling the male-specific regulatory genome related to infectious disease susceptibility.
Strategic aspects of cyberattack, attribution, and blame
Authors: Edwards Benjamin , Furnas Alexander , Forrest Stephanie , Axelrod Robert 
Published: February 2017

SignificanceAttribution of cyberattacks has strategic and technical components. We provide a formal model that incorporates both elements and shows the conditions under which it is rational to tolerate an attack and when it is better to assign blame publicly. The model applies to a wide range of conflicts and provides guidance to policymakers about which parameters must be estimated to make a sound decision about attribution and blame. It also draws some surprising conclusions about the risks of asymmetric technical attribution capabilities.
Can clinically relevant dose errors in patient anatomy be detected by gamma passing rate or modulation complexity score in volumetric-modulated arc therapy for intracranial tumors?
Authors: Ohira Shingo , Ueda Yoshihiro , Isono Masaru , Masaoka Akira , Hashimoto Misaki , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Takashina Masaaki , Koizumi Masahiko , Teshima Teruki 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We investigated whether methods conventionally used to evaluate patient-specific QA in volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for intracranial tumors detect clinically relevant dosimetric errors. VMAT plans with coplanar arcs were designed for 37 intracranial tumors. Dosimetric accuracy was validated by using a 3D array detector. Dose deviations between the measured and planned doses were evaluated by gamma analysis. In addition, modulation complexity score for VMAT (MCSv) for each plan was calculated. Three-dimensional dose distributions in patient anatomy were reconstructed using 3DVH software, and clinical deviations in dosimetric parameters between the 3DVH doses and planned doses were calculated. The gamma passing rate (GPR)/MCSv and the clinical dose deviation were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Significant correlation (P &lt; 0.05) between the clinical dose deviation and GPR was observed with both the 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria in clinical target volume (D99), brain (D2), brainstem (D2) and chiasm (D2), albeit that the correlations were not ‘strong’ (0.38 &lt; |r| &lt; 0.54). The maximum dose deviations of brainstem were up to 4.9 Gy and 2.9 Gy for Dmax and D%, respectively in the case of high GPR (98.2% with 3%/3 mm criteria). Regarding MCSv, none of the evaluated organs showed a significant correlation with clinical dose deviation, and correlations were ‘weak’ or absent (0.01 &lt; |r| &lt; 0.21). The use of high GPR and MCSv values does not always detect dosimetric errors in a patient. Therefore, in-depth analysis with the DVH for patient-specific QA is considered to be preferable for guaranteeing safe dose delivery.
Concern noted: A descriptive study of editorial expressions of concern in PubMed and PubMed Central
Authors: Vaught Melissa , Jordan Diana C. , Bastian Hilda 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAn editorial expression of concern (EEoC) is issued by editors or publishers to draw attention to potential problems in a publication, without itself constituting a retraction or correction.MethodsWe searched PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and Google Scholar to identify EEoCs issued for publications in PubMed and PMC up to 22 August 2016. We also searched the archives of the Retraction Watch blog, some journal and publisher websites, and studies of EEoCs. In addition, we searched for retractions of EEoCs and affected articles in PubMed up to 8 December 2016. We analyzed overall historical trends, as well as reported reasons and subsequent editorial actions related to EEoCs issued between August 2014 and August 2016.ResultsAfter screening 5,076 records, we identified 230 EEoCs that affect 300 publications indexed in PubMed, the earliest issued in 1985. Half of the primary EEoCs were issued between 2014 and 2016 (52%). We found evidence of some EEoCs that had been removed by the publisher without leaving a record and some were not submitted for PubMed or PMC indexing. A minority of publications affected by EEoCs had been retracted by early December 2016 (25%). For the subset of 92 EEoCs issued between August 2014 and August 2016, affecting 99 publications, the rate of retraction was similar (29%). The majority of EEoCs were issued because of concerns with validity of data, methods, or interpretation of the publication (68%), and 31% of cases remained open. Issues with images were raised in 40% of affected publications. Ongoing monitoring after the study identified another 17 EEoCs to year’s end in 2016, increasing the number of EEoCs to 247 and publications in PubMed known to be affected by EEoCs to 320 at the end of 2016.ConclusionsEEoCs have been rare publishing events in the biomedical literature, but their use has been increasing. Most have not led to retractions, and many remain unresolved. Lack of prominence and inconsistencies in management of EEoCs reduce the ability of these notices to alert the scientific community to potentially serious problems in publications. EEoCs will be made identifiable in PubMed in 2017.
Genomic epidemiology of globalKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase (KPC)-producingEscherichia coli
Authors: Stoesser N , Sheppard AE , Peirano G , Anson LW , Pankhurst L , Sebra R , Phan HTT , Kasarskis A , Mathers AJ , Peto TEA , Brandford P , Motyl MR , Walker AS , Crook DW , Pitout JD 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe dissemination of carbapenem resistance inEscherichia colihas major implications for the management of common human infections.blaKPC,encoding a transmissible carbapenemase (KPC), has historically largely been associated withKlebsiella pneumoniae,a predominant plasmid (pKpQIL), and a specific transposable element (Tn4401,~10kb). Here we characterize the genetic features of the emergence ofblaKPCin globalE. coli,2008-2013, using both long-and short-read whole genome sequencing.Amongst 43/45 successfully sequencedblaKPC-E. colistrains, we identified high strain (n=21 sequence types, 18% of annotated genes in the core genome); plasmid (≥9 replicon types); andblaKPC-associated, mobile genetic element (MGE) diversity (50% not within complete Tn4401elements). We also found evidence of interspecies, regional and international plasmid spread. In several casesblaKPCwas found on high copy number, small Col-like plasmids, previously associated with horizontal transmission of resistance genes in the absence of antimicrobial selection pressures.E. coliis a common human pathogen, but also a commensal in a multiple environmental and animal reservoirs, and easily transmissible. The association ofblaKPCwith a range of MGEs previously linked to the successful spread of widely endemic resistance mechanisms (e.g.blaTEM,blaCTX-M) suggests that it is likely to become similarly prevalent.
Demographic inference through approximate-Bayesian-computation skyline plots
Authors: Navascués Miguel , Leblois Raphaël , Burgarella Concetta 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe skyline plot is a graphical representation of historical effective population sizes as a function of time. Past population sizes for these plots are estimated from genetic data, without aprioriassumptions on the mathematical function defining the shape of the demographic trajectory. Because of this flexibility in shape, skyline plots can, in principle, provide realistic descriptions of the complex demographic scenarios that occur in natural populations. Currently, demographic estimates needed for skyline plots are estimated using coalescent samplers or a composite likelihood approach. Here, we provide a way to estimate historical effective population sizes using an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) framework. We assess its performance using simulated and actual microsatellite datasets. Our method correctly retrieves the signal of contracting, constant and expanding populations, although the graphical shape of the plot is not always an accurate representation of the true demographic trajectory, particularly for recent changes in size and contracting populations. Because of the flexibility of ABC, similar approaches can be extended to other types of data, to multiple populations, or to other parameters that can change through time, such as the migration rate.