bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Occupy Central” and the rise of discursive illusions: a discourse analytical study
Authors: Bhatia Aditi 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Drawing on Hong Kong’s “Occupy Central” movement, this paper explores the construction of discursive illusions in both China Daily and South China Morning Post’s (SCMP) contrasting coverage of the event. More specifically, the paper investigates how a multi-perspective analytical approach can enable a deeper study of how and to what extent abstract constructs with significant social implications are discursively formed. In order to do so, the framework draws on a three-pronged approach: historicity (habitus as key to the creation of discursive illusions, dealing with the change of perceptions over time); linguistic and semiotic action (subjective conceptualizations of the world to give rise to linguistic and semiotic actions, often through metaphorical and dominant rhetoric); and the degree of social impact (as language and actions engender many categories and stereotypes). The analysis reveals that data from both newspapers draws on similar linguistic and rhetorical tools, including temporal referencing, metaphor, category-pairings, and recontextualization in the discursive construction of a “double contrastive identity” (Leudar et al. [2004], On membership categorization: “Us”, “them” and “doing violence” in political discourse. Discourse & Society 15(2/3). 243–266.) of the movement and its participants in diametrically opposed ways around themes such as law versus lawlessness, victim versus aggressor, etc.
Analogies in interaction: practical reasoning and participatory design
Authors: Lundmark Sofia , Lymer Gustav 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe present study examines a set of discussions among professional counselors in the area of youth counseling, as they participate in the development and design of an online video-mediated communication platform. With an overarching interest in how participatory design is performed through conversations, the analysis focuses on analogical reasoning through which the envisaged system is anchored to existing technologies and work practices. Three forms of analogical reasoning are identified: formulating design alternatives; challenging problem formulations; and telling stories. In various ways, these forms of analogical reasoning inform the ongoing design decision-making process, where the hypothetical technology and its organizational and work-related implications are evaluated. The study contributes to how analogical reasoning is done in interaction, and places the findings in the context of participatory design and studies of design reasoning.
The use of demo-prefaced response displacement for being a listener to distressful experiences in Japanese interaction
Authors: Nishizaka Aug 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This study draws on video recordings of interactions between volunteers and evacuees from the areas affected by the March 2011 nuclear power plant explosions in Japan’s Fukushima prefecture. This article has two purposes. The first is to provide a conversation analytic description of a set of interactional practices: displacing responses from their unmarked status as responses to immediately preceding turn-at-talk. The second is to explicate the ways in which the volunteers use the practices in post-disaster communication to address difficulties in affiliating with evacuees who are assumed to have had distressful experiences. The practices, with the Japanese word demo (‘but’) deployed at the turn-beginning position, propose that participants selectively focus on one aspect of the ongoing talk. The volunteers use them to accomplish “being a listener” appropriately in their interactions with the evacuees.
Diagnostic pitfall of carryover: in automatic urine analyzers
Authors: Vurgun Eren , Evliyaoğlu Osman , Yıldırmak Sembol , Akarsubaşı İbrahim 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to find out whether there is significant carryover effect which causes false-positive hematuria on red blood cells (RBCs) in automatic urine chemistry (DIRUI H-800) and sediment (DIRUI FUS-200) analyzers.

Methods
Twenty-four samples with gross hematuria selected as containing high RBC concentration and forty-eight samples which had both negative result in dipstick and 0/hpf in microscopic examination selected as containing low RBC concentration. Carryover% was calculated via the formula [carryover%=100×(b1−b2)/(a2−b2)]. Carryover effect within results was analyzed with Wilcoxon test.

Results
Carryover% was very high (67%) in urine chemistry analyzer. Carryover% of urine sediment analyzer was found 0.4% whilst false-positive hematuria percentage was 87.5% for the first samples came after gross hematuria and 6.6% for the second samples. The first samples analyzed after gross hematuria had significantly higher (p<0.001) results than the second samples in both analyzers.

Conclusion
In urine sediment analyzer, carryover% calculated by formula was found analytically sufficient, but it causes highly false-positive results due to diagnostic limit of hematuria (RBC>3/hpf) is low. To prevent carryover in both urine analyzers; washing procedures should be revised and the diagnostic effect of carryover should also be taken into account by biochemists.
Syntheses and structures of two [Au(I)PPh3]-complexes with 2-aceneoxazolethiolates as ligands
Authors: Partes Christoph , Bodach Alexander , Alig Edith , Fink Lothar 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The crystal structures of two thiolato complexes of the type [Au(SR)(PPh3)] with SR=2-mercaptobenzoxazol-2-yl (MBOx) and SR=2-mercaptoanthraceneoxazol-2-yl (MAOx) were determined from X-ray powder diffraction data. Both complexes include η1-S-monodentate ligands with the nitrogen atom preferably oriented towards the gold atom. [Au(MBOx)(PPh3)] (1a) represents a new triclinic polymorph of [Au(MBOx)(PPh3)], whereas [Au(MAOx)(PPh3)] (2) is hitherto unknown and yields information about the molecular structure of the ligand MAOx as well as the coordination geometry in 2. The structure determinations were validated by low temperature XRPD measurements. DTA-TG and in-situ XRPD measurements revealed a monotropic phase transition of 1a at 443 K to a monoclinic phase. Additionally, solid-state DFT-D calculations using CASTEP were carried out to evaluate the experimental results.
Sudden and Slow Quenches into the Antiferromagnetic Phase of Ultracold Fermions
Authors: Ojekhile Monika , Höppner Robert , Moritz Henning , Mathey Ludwig 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We propose a method to reach the antiferromagnetic state of two-dimensional Fermi gases trapped in optical lattices: Independent subsystems are prepared in suitable initial states and then connected by a sudden or slow quench of the tunneling between the subsystems. Examples of suitable low-entropy subsystems are double wells or plaquettes, which can be experimentally realised in Mott insulating shells using optical super-lattices. We estimate the effective temperature T* of the system after the quench by calculating the distribution of excitations created using the spin wave approximation in a Heisenberg model. We investigate the effect of an initial staggered magnetic field and find that for an optimal polarisation of the initial state the effective temperature can be significantly reduced from T*≈1.7 T
c at zero polarisation to T*<0.65T
c, where T
c is the crossover temperature to the antiferromagnetic state. The temperature can be further reduced using a finite quench time. We also show that T*
decreases logarithmically with the linear size of the subsystem.
Effects of Pitch Area-Restrictions on Tactical Behavior, Physical, and Physiological Performances in Soccer Large-Sided Games
Authors: Gonçalves Bruno , Esteves Pedro , Folgado Hugo , Ric Angel , Torrents Carlota , Sampaio Jaime 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Gonçalves, B, Esteves, P, Folgado, H, Ric, A, Torrents, C, and Sampaio, J. Effects of pitch area-restrictions on tactical behavior, physical and physiological performances in soccer large-sided games. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2398–2408, 2017—The aim of this study was to identify how pitch area-restrictions affect the tactical behavior, physical, and physiological performances of players during soccer large-sided games. A 10 vs. 9 large-sided game was performed under 3 experimental conditions: (a) restricted-spacing, the pitch was divided into specific areas where players were assigned and they should not leave it; (b) contiguous-spacing, the pitch was divided into specific areas where the players were only allowed to move to a neighboring one; (c) free-spacing, the players had no restrictions in space occupation. The positional data were used to compute players' spatial exploration index and also the distance, coefficient of variation, approximate entropy, and frequency of near-in-phase displacements synchronization of players' dyads formed by the outfield teammates. Players' physical and physiological performances were assessed by the distance covered at different speed categories, game pace, and heart rate. Most likely higher values were found in players' spatial exploration index under free-spacing conditions. The synchronization between dyads' displacements showed higher values for contiguous-spacing and free-spacing conditions. In contrast, for the jogging and running intensity zones, restricted-spacing demanded a moderate effect and most likely decrease compared with other scenarios (∼20–50% to jogging and ∼60–90% to running). Overall, the effects of limiting players' spatial exploration greatly impaired the coadaptation between teammates' positioning while decreasing the physical and physiological performances. These results allow for a better understanding of players' decision-making process according to specific task rules and can be relevant to enrich practice task design, such that coaches acknowledge the differential effect by using specific pitch-position area restrictions.
p39 Is Responsible for Increasing Cdk5 Activity during Postnatal Neuron Differentiation and Governs Neuronal Network Formation and Epileptic Responses
Authors: Li Wenqi , Allen Megan E. , Rui Yanfang , Ku Li , Liu Guanglu , Bankston Andrew N. , Zheng James Q. , Feng Yue 
Published: November 2016

Two distinct protein cofactors, p35 and p39, independently activate Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), which plays diverse roles in normal brain function and the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases. The initial discovery that loss of p35 impairs neuronal migration in the embryonic brain prompted intensive research exploring the function of p35-dependent Cdk5 activity. In contrast, p39 expression is restricted to the postnatal brain and its function remains poorly understood. Despite the robustly increased Cdk5 activity during neuronal differentiation, which activator is responsible for enhancing Cdk5 activation and how the two distinct activators direct Cdk5 signaling to govern neuronal network formation and function still remains elusive. Here we report that p39, but not p35, is selectively upregulated by histone acetylation-mediated transcription, which underlies the robust increase of Cdk5 activity during rat and mouse neuronal differentiation. The loss of p39 attenuates overall Cdk5 activity in neurons and preferentially affects phosphorylation of specific Cdk5 targets, leading to aberrant axonal growth and impaired dendritic spine and synapse formation. In adult mouse brains, p39 deficiency results in dysregulation of p35 and Cdk5 targets in synapses. Moreover, in contrast to the proepileptic phenotype caused by the lack of p35, p39 loss leads to deficits in maintaining seizure activity and induction of immediate early genes that control hippocampal excitability. Together, our studies demonstrate essential roles of p39 in neuronal network development and function. Furthermore, our data support a model in which Cdk5 activators play nonoverlapping and even opposing roles to govern balanced Cdk5 signaling in the postnatal brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal network development requires tightly regulated activation of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) by two distinct cofactors, p35 and p39. Despite the well-known p35-dependent Cdk5 function, why postnatal neurons express abundant p39 in addition to p35 remained unknown for decades. In this study, we discovered that selective upregulation of p39 is the underlying mechanism that accommodates the increased functional requirement of Cdk5 activation during neuronal differentiation. In addition, we demonstrated that p39 selectively directs Cdk5 to phosphorylate protein substrates essential for axonal development, dendritic spine formation, and synaptogenesis. Moreover, our studies suggest opposing roles of p39 and p35 in synaptic Cdk5 function and epileptic responses, arguing that cooperation between Cdk5 activators maintains balanced Cdk5 signing, which is crucial for postnatal brain function.
HIV Tat Impairs Neurogenesis through Functioning As a Notch Ligand and Activation of Notch Signaling Pathway
Authors: Fan Yan , Gao Xiang , Chen Jinhui , Liu Ying , He Johnny J. 
Published: November 2016

Alterations in adult neurogenesis have been noted in the brain of HIV-infected individuals and are likely linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive deficits, including those in learning and memory. But the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In the study, we took advantage of doxycycline-inducible and astrocyte-specific HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice (iTat) and determined the relationship between Tat expression and neurogenesis. Tat expression in astrocytes was associated with fewer neuron progenitor cells (NPCs), fewer immature neurons, and fewer mature neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of the mouse brain.In vitroNPC-derived neurosphere assays showed that Tat-containing conditioned media from astrocytes or recombinant Tat protein inhibited NPC proliferation and migration and altered NPC differentiation, while immunodepletion of Tat from Tat-containing conditioned media or heat inactivation of recombinant Tat abrogated those effects. Notch signaling downstream geneHes1promoter-driven luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blotting showed that recombinant Tat or Tat-containing conditioned media activated Hes1 transcription and protein expression, which were abrogated by Tat heat inactivation, immunodepletion, and cysteine mutation at position 30. Last, Notch signaling inhibitorN-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) significantly rescued Tat-impaired NPC differentiationin vitroand neurogenesisin vivo. Together, these results show that Tat adversely affects NPCs and neurogenesis through Notch signaling and point to the potential of developing Notch signaling inhibitors as HIV/neuroAIDS therapeutics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHIV infection of the CNS causes cognitive and memory deficits, which have become more prevalent in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Neurogenesis is impaired in HIV-infected individuals. But the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we have discovered that HIV Tat impairs neurogenesis through the Notch signaling pathway. These findings are particularly important because Tat protein has recently been detected in the brain of HIV-infected individuals with HIV replication in the periphery being effectively controlled by cART. The current study not only further highlights the importance of HIV Tat protein in HIV/neuroAIDS, but also presents a new strategy to develop novel HIV/neuroAIDS therapeutics, particularly in the era of cART.
Inhaled Laninamivir Octanoate as Prophylaxis for Influenza in Children
Authors: Nakano Takashi , Ishiwada Naruhiko , Sumitani Tokuhito , Uemori Mitsutoshi , Isobe Koji ,   for the Laninamivir Prophylaxis Study Group
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:
A single 20-mg dose of inhaled laninamivir octanoate is an effective treatment of influenza. However, the efficacy of laninamivir octanoate for the prevention of influenza in children &lt;10 years of age has not yet been established.

METHODS:
We conducted a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine whether the efficacy of a single 20-mg dose of inhaled laninamivir octanoate to prevent the development of influenza was superior to that of placebo as prophylaxis for influenza in pediatric (&lt;10 years) household members of index cases. Eligible subjects without influenza, in contact with an influenza-infected index case living in the same household, were blindly randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive 20 mg of laninamivir octanoate or placebo. The primary end point was the proportion of subjects who developed clinical influenza during a 10-day period.

RESULTS:
A total of 343 subjects were randomly assigned, with 341 subjects included in the full analysis set for the primary analysis. The proportions of subjects who developed clinical influenza were 11% (18/171) in the laninamivir octanoate group and 19% (33/170) in the placebo group (P = .02). The relative risk reduction was 45.8% (95% confidence interval, 7.5% to 68.2%). The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
A single 20-mg dose of inhaled laninamivir octanoate was effective and well tolerated as prophylaxis for influenza.
Leadership Epistemology
Authors: Bogenschneider Bret 
Published: November 2016

<p>The scientific study of “leadership” depends on the ability to intersubjectively test theories about leadership and to thereby identify leadership causation. Such a scientific endeavor is difficult because the study of leadership is a social science and is subject to change by ergodicity. Accordingly, to begin the scientific study of leadership it is necessary to reject an idea of leadership science as the study of singular observations followed by deductive syllogism to arrive at a certain result. As such, the study of leadership as <em>science</em> requires a general theory of leadership which will either be potentially falsified or gradually narrowed and amended over time. </p>
Communication Behaviors of Principals at High Performing Title I Elementary Schools in Virginia: School Leaders, Communication, and Transformative Efforts
Authors: Tyler Dawn E 
Published: November 2016

<p align="center">Abstract</p><p>Principals of modern Title I elementary schools, where at least half of the student population lives in poverty, must possess a broader set of leadership skills than has been historically necessary. The ability to motivate teachers utilizing effective communication is one such skill set. This qualitative research proposes a division-level training program designed to improve communication skills of principals and aspiring principals based on the self-reported communication strategies of principals at high-performing Title I elementary schools. High performing Title I schools represented just 8% of all Title I schools in Virginia during 2014. This qualitative data was derived from semi-structured interviews with 8 of these principals, surveys of principals, and publicly available data about these schools. Analysis of the self-reported information resulted in 11 specific communication strategies practiced by most or all of the principals in the participating high performing Title I elementary schools. Further uncovered were 5 themes of communication in leadership which include: a student-centered approach to decision-making; transparency of decision-making; shared decision-making with principal and teachers; the role of faculty trust; and principal preparation. Specific principal communication behaviors with teachers were implemented in motivating teachers toward earning high-performing status. These included frequent face-to-face and personal communications, minimal use of whole-school meetings, and weekly principal participation in grade level meetings. Additionally, principal certification programs were found to have had little impact on the participants in the area of communication. Finally, the critical importance of mentoring, together with school-division level training in the area of communication development, was revealed. This research concluded that communication skills are necessary for building trust between school principals and teachers, with trusting relationships vital for leading teachers toward effective instruction. More structured leadership training is essential in the area of communication skills in preparing school leaders and is most effective at the school division level.</p><p><em> </em></p><p> </p>
Dental Treatment Needs among Children and Adolescents Residing in an Ugandan Orphanage
Authors: Rubin Pessia Friedman , Winocur Ephraim , Erez Assaf , Birenboim-Wilensky Ravit , Peretz Benjamin 
Published: November 2016

Background: Previous studies focused on the dental caries status of East African children and not on their overall dental needs. Urban children consume more sugar-rich foods.
Objectives: To assess overall dental treatment needs of children living in an orphanage in Uganda. Study design: Teeth were diagnosed as needing treatment by obvious frank carious lesions (WHO criteria), temporary fillings, staining, or very deep pit and/or fissures possibly requiring sealants. Calculus or crowding in the mandibular anterior region and evidence of tooth fractures were recorded, as were signs of wear on the mandibular molars and canines and the maxillary incisors. Results: Most of the primary teeth (64%) required no dental treatment, but almost all (98%) of the permanent teeth did. A mean (±standard deviation) of 4.81±1.92 permanent teeth required treatment. The mean number of missing teeth was 0.47. Thirty-one children (20.2%) had crowding, 52 (34%) had calculus, and 49 (32%) had signs of attrition on primary and permanent molar teeth (45 enamel only and 4 enamel and dentin).
Conclusions: Most of the primary teeth required no dental treatment, while the vast majority of permanent teeth did, possibly in association with high sugar cane consumption and poor brushing habits among older children.