bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lacunar Infarcts and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Differences
Authors: Lioutas Vasileios-Arsenios , Beiser Alexa , Himali Jayandra , Aparicio Hugo , Romero Jose Rafael , DeCarli Charles , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—
Lacunar stroke (LS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are 2 diverse manifestations of small vessel disease. What predisposes some patients to ischemic stroke and others to hemorrhage is not well understood.

Methods—
We performed a nested case–control study within the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) comparing people with incident ICH and lacunar ischemic stroke, to age- and sex-matched controls for baseline prevalence and levels of cardiovascular risk factors.

Results—
We identified 118 LS (mean age 74 years, 51% male) and 108 ICH (75 years, 46% male) events. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and obesity were strongly associated with LS. Hypertension, but not diabetes mellitus, smoking, or cholesterol levels increased the odds of ICH. Contrary to LS, ICH cases had lower body mass index (BMI) than their controls (26 versus 27); BMI <20 was associated with 4-fold higher odds for ICH. In direct comparison, LS cases had higher BMI (28 versus 26) and obesity prevalence (odds ratio, 3.1); BMI <20 was associated with significantly lower odds of LS (odds ratio, 0.1).

Conclusions—
LS and ICH share hypertension, but not diabetes mellitus, as a common risk factor. ICH cases had lower BMI compared with not only LS but their controls as well; this finding is unexplained and merits further exploration.
Deliberation, Representation, Equity
Authors: Ekenberg Love , Hansson Karin , Danielson Mats , Cars Göran 
Published: December 2016

What can we learn about the development of public interaction in e-democracy from a drama delivered by mobile headphones to an audience standing around a shopping center in a Stockholm suburb?
In democratic societies there is widespread acknowledgment of the need to incorporate citizens’ input in decision-making processes in more or less structured ways. But participatory decision making is balancing on the borders of inclusion, structure, precision and accuracy. To simply enable more participation will not yield enhanced democracy, and there is a clear need for more elaborated elicitation and decision analytical tools.
This rigorous and thought-provoking volume draws on a stimulating variety of international case studies, from flood risk management in the Red River Delta of Vietnam, to the consideration of alternatives to gold mining in Roșia Montană in Transylvania, to the application of multi-criteria decision analysis in evaluating the impact of e-learning opportunities at Uganda's Makerere University.
Editors Love Ekenberg (senior research scholar, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA], Laxenburg, professor of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University), Karin Hansson (artist and research fellow, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University), Mats Danielson (vice president and professor of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, affiliate researcher, IIASA) and Göran Cars (professor of Societal Planning and Environment, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm) draw innovative collaborations between mathematics, social science, and the arts.
They develop new problem formulations and solutions, with the aim of carrying decisions from agenda setting and problem awareness through to feasible courses of action by setting objectives, alternative generation, consequence assessments, and trade-off clarifications.
As a result, this book is important new reading for decision makers in government, public administration and urban planning, as well as students and researchers in the fields of participatory democracy, urban planning, social policy, communication design, participatory art, decision theory, risk analysis and computer and systems sciences.
Enhanced targeting of CML stem and progenitor cells by inhibition of porcupine acyltransferase in combination with TKI
Authors: Agarwal Puneet , Zhang Bin , Ho Yinwei , Cook Amy , Li Ling , Mikhail Fady M. , Wang Youzhen , McLaughlin Margaret E. , Bhatia Ravi 
Published: December 2016

Key Points
CML progenitor cells demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to Wnt stimulation, related to increased FZD4 receptor expression. Wnt inhibition by a Porcupine acyl transferase inhibitor enhances CML stem/progenitor cell targeting in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibition.
Rare genetic variants in SMAP1, B3GAT2, and RIMS1 contribute to pediatric venous thromboembolism
Authors: Rühle Frank , Witten Anika , Barysenka Andrei , Huge Andreas , Arning Astrid , Heller Christine , Krümpel Anne , Mesters Rolf , Franke Andre , Lieb Wolfgang , Riemenschneider Mona , Hiersche Milan , Limperger Verena , Nowak-Göttl Ulrike , Stoll Monika 
Published: December 2016

Key Points
Our study identified a region on chromosome 6 comprising the genes SMAP1, B3GAT2, and RIMS1 as novel susceptibility locus for pediatric VTE. Nonsynonymous variants in SMAP1 and RIMS1 are predicted as deleterious and may influence vesicle processing in blood cells.
The Future of Health Care Reform: What Is Driving Enrollment?
Authors: Callaghan Timothy H. , Jacobs Lawrence R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAgainst a backdrop of ongoing operational challenges, insurance market turbulence, and the ever present pull of partisanship, enrollment in the ACA's programs has soared and significant variations have developed across states in terms of their pace of coverage expansion. Our article explores why ACA enrollment has varied so dramatically across states. We explore the potential influence of party control, presidential cueing, administrative capacity, the reverberating effects of ACA policy decisions, affluence, and unemployment on enrollment. Our multivariate analysis finds that party control dominated early state decision making, but that relative enrollment in insurance exchanges and the Medicaid expansion are driven by a changing mix of political and administrative factors. Health politics is entering a new era as Republicans replace the ACA and devolve significant discretion to states to administer Medicaid and other programs. Our findings offer insights into future directions in health reform and in learning and diffusion.
The Role of Public Opinion—Does It Influence the Diffusion of ACA Decisions?
Authors: Pacheco Julianna , Maltby Elizabeth 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We consider two ways that public opinion influenced the diffusion of ACA policy choices from 2010 through 2014. First, we consider the policy feedback mechanism, which suggests that policy decisions have spillover effects that influence opinions in other states; residents in the home state then influence the decisions of elected officials. We find that both gubernatorial ACA announcements and grant activity increased support for the ACA in nearby states. Consistent with our expectations, however, only gubernatorial announcements respond to shifts in ACA support, presumably because it is a more salient policy than grant activity. Second, we test for the opinion learning mechanism, which suggests that shifts in public opinion in other states provide a signal to elected officials about the viability of decisions in their own state. We find evidence that states are more likely to emulate other states with similar ACA policy preferences when deciding about when to announce their decisions. Our results suggest that scholars and policy makers should consider how shifts in public support influence the spread of ideas across the American states.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has neuroprotective function in dopamine-based neurodegeneration developed in two parkinsonian models
Authors: Maasz G. , Zrinyi Z. , Reglodi D. , Petrovics D. , Rivnyak A. , Kiss T. , Jungling A. , Tamas A. , Pirger Z. 
Published: December 2016

It has been observed that pituitary-adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) rescued DAergic neurons from neurodegeneration and improved motor alterations induced by 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) in rat parkinsonian models. Recently we investigated the molecular background of the neuroprotective effect of PACAP in DA-based neurodegeneration using rotenone-induced snail and 6-OHDA-induced rat models of Parkinson's disease. The behavioural activity, monoamine (DA and serotonin), metabolic enzyme (S-COMT, MB-COMT and MAO-B) and PARK7/DJ-1 protein contents were measured before and after PACAP-treatment in both models.
Locomotion and feeding activity were decreased in rotenone-treated snails which corresponded well to findings obtained in 6-OHDA- induced rat experiments. PACAP was able to prevent the behavioural malfunctions caused by the toxins. The monoamine levels decreased in both models and the decreased DA level induced by toxins was attenuated by ∼50% in the PACAP-treated animals. In contrast, PACAP had no effect on the decreased 5HT levels. The S-COMT metabolic enzyme was reduced in both models; however, the protective effect of PACAP was not present in any of the models. Following the toxin treatments a significant increase in the MB-COMT level was observed in both models and the increased MB-COMT level was successfully restored by PACAP. The decrease of PARK7/DJ-1 protein content was also observed in both toxin-induced models; however, PACAP had beneficial effect only on 6-OHDA-treated animals.
We conclude that the neuroprotective effect of PACAP in different animal models of Parkinson's disease is well correlated with neurotransmitter, enzyme and protein levels. The rotenone and 6-OHDA rat and snail in vivo parkinsonian models successfully mimic several, but not all etiological properties of the disease. Their use allows us to study both the mechanisms of neurodegeneration as well as to test new drugs. Appropriate selection of the models might offer an alternative way for investigating the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective agents including PACAP.
Lymph node standardized uptake values at pre-treatment 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as a valuable prognostic factor for distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Jeong Yuri , Baek Seunghee , Park Jae W , Joo Ji H , Kim Jae S , Lee Sang-wook 
Published: December 2016

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate prognostic values of pre-treatment fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) parameters for predicting the distant metastasis (DM) of nasopharyngeal cancer.

Methods:
73 patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer with regional lymph node (LN) involvement, who underwent pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET evaluation between January 2005 and December 2012, were retrospectively reviewed. We assessed the 18F-FDG PET parameters of the primary tumours (T–) and regional LNs (N–). For patients with bilateral retropharyngeal, bilateral neck and/or supraclavicular LN involvement, we also assessed the 18F-FDG PET parameters of the farthest LN station [N(f)–]. The following 18F-FDG PET parameters were evaluated: maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak), metabolic tumour volumes (MTVs) (MTV30–MTV70, which were calculated as the tumour volume with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of the SUVmax as the threshold, respectively) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) (TLG30–TLG70, which were determined by the product of each MTV and the corresponding SUVmean within that MTV). Distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were estimated from the date of the start of radiotherapy to the date of DM or last follow-up by the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for DMFS. The median follow-up period was 53 months (range 12–110 months).

Results:
Most patients (95%) received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The major failure pattern was DM (15 of all patients, 21%) and the 5-year DMFS was 79%. In univariate analysis, the T–SUVmax, T–SUVmean, T–SUVpeak, N–SUVmax, N–SUVpeak, N(f)–SUVmax and N(f)–SUVpeak were significant prognostic factors for DMFS. In multivariate analysis, the T–SUVmax, T–SUVpeak, N(f)–SUVmax and N(f)–SUVpeak were significant prognostic factors for DMFS. Of these parameters, the N(f)–SUVmax (hazard ratio = 6.524; p = 0.001) and N(f)–SUVpeak (hazard ratio = 5.399; p = 0.001) were the strongest prognostic factors for DMFS.

Conclusion:
In patients with nasopharyngeal cancer with LN involvement, the standardized uptake value parameter of the farthest LN station seems to be an important 18F-FDG PET parameter for predicting DM. Further studies are needed to validate its clinical significance.

Advances in knowledge:
We found that pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET parameters of primary tumours and regional LNs (the SUVmax and SUVpeak of the primary tumour and the farthest LN station) were significant prognostic factors for DMFS in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with LN involvement.
Free serum haemoglobin is associated with brain atrophy in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lewin Alex , Hamilton Shea , Witkover Aviva , Langford Paul , Nicholas Richard , Chataway Jeremy , Bangham Charles R.M. 
Published: December 2016

Background: A major cause of disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is progressive brain atrophy, whose pathogenesis is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to identify protein biomarkers of brain atrophy in SPMS. Methods: We used surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to carry out an unbiased search for serum proteins whose concentration correlated with the rate of brain atrophy, measured by serial MRI scans over a 2-year period in a well-characterized cohort of 140 patients with SPMS. Protein species were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results: There was a significant (p<0.004) correlation between the rate of brain atrophy and a rise in the concentration of proteins at 15.1 kDa and 15.9 kDa in the serum. Tandem mass spectrometry identified these proteins as alpha-haemoglobin and beta-haemoglobin, respectively. The abnormal concentration of free serum haemoglobin was confirmed by ELISA (p<0.001). The serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was also highly significantly raised (p<10-12) in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Conclusions: The results are consistent with the following hypothesis. In progressive multiple sclerosis, low-grade chronic intravascular haemolysis releases haemoglobin into the serum; the haemoglobin is subsequently translocated into the central nervous system (CNS) across the damaged blood-brain barrier. In the CNS, the haemoglobin and its breakdown products, including haem and iron, contribute to the neurodegeneration and consequent brain atrophy seen in progressive disease. We postulate that haemoglobin is a source of the iron whose deposition along blood vessels in multiple sclerosis plaques is associated with neurodegeneration. If so, then chelators of haemoglobin, rather than chelators of free serum iron, may be effective in preventing this neurodegeneration.
Factors associated with late antenatal care booking among pregnant women in Ndola District, Zambia
Authors: Chewe Mable Musonda , Muleya Mutinta C , Maimbolwa Margret 
Published: December 2016

Background: Many pregnant women book antenatal care (ANC) late and are at risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. Aims: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with late ANC booking among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ndola District, Zambia. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional design was used. A simple random sample of 305 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at seven systematically selected clinics between May and July 2015 was selected. A pretested and structured interview schedule was used to collect data. Data were entered and analysed using Epidata (2008) and Stata 10.1, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was completed. Findings: The prevalence of late ANC booking was 86.6%. Mean age was 26.4 years (CI 25.7–27.1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, marital status and parity were associated with late ANC booking. Conclusions: Late booking remains high despite the free ANC services available to all pregnant women. Public awareness and health education could help to enhance the value of early ANC booking to pregnant women.
Can peer support interventions assist women following fistula surgery? A narrative review
Authors: Wishlade Tabitha , Lavender Tina 
Published: December 2016

Background: Peer support interventions (PSIs) are increasingly being used to promote health and wellbeing in different contexts. Aims: This paper reviews literature on existing PSIs aimed at improving the health and wellbeing of women and their families in sub-Saharan Africa to determine whether such programmes could be used to promote recovery from obstetric fistula—a debilitating condition that leaves women isolated, stigmatised, disempowered, and with poor physical and mental health. Methods: A systematic, thematic literature search was conducted. Findings: The review finds PSI offers positive outcomes through several mechanisms including: empowering women with knowledge and agency, treating them holistically, reducing feelings of stigmatisation, and improving health behaviours/outcomes for themselves and their families. Conclusions: In view of the findings, it is proposed that a peer support intervention is trialled with women recovering from obstetric fistula.
Exploring the Classroom: Teaching Science in Early Childhood*
Authors: Dejonckheere Peter J. N. , Wit Nele de , Keere Kristof van de , Vervaet Stephanie 
Published: December 2016

<p style="text-align:justify">This study tested and integrated the effects of an inquiry-based didactic method for preschool science in a real practical classroom setting. Four preschool classrooms participated in the experiment (N = 57) and the children were 4–6 years old. In order to assess children’s attention for causal events and their understanding at the level of scientific reasoning skills, we designed a simple task in which a need for information gain was created. Compared to controls, children in the post-test showed significant learning gains in the development of the so-called control of variables strategy. Indeed, they executed more informative and less uninformative explorations during their spontaneous play. Furthermore, the importance of such programmes was discussed in the field of STEM education.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>* Note: This paper was published as an inadvertent duplicate publication with an another journal.</strong></p>
Gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Armand Stéphane , Decoulon Geraldo , Bonnefoy-Mazure Alice 
Published: December 2016

Cerebral palsy (CP) children present complex and heterogeneous motor disorders that cause gait deviations. Clinical gait analysis (CGA) is needed to identify, understand and support the management of gait deviations in CP. CGA assesses a large amount of quantitative data concerning patients’ gait characteristics, such as video, kinematics, kinetics, electromyography and plantar pressure data. Common gait deviations in CP can be grouped into the gait patterns of spastic hemiplegia (drop foot, equinus with different knee positions) and spastic diplegia (true equinus, jump, apparent equinus and crouch) to facilitate communication. However, gait deviations in CP tend to be a continuum of deviations rather than well delineated groups. To interpret CGA, it is necessary to link gait deviations to clinical impairments and to distinguish primary gait deviations from compensatory strategies. CGA does not tell us how to treat a CP patient, but can provide objective identification of gait deviations and further the understanding of gait deviations. Numerous treatment options are available to manage gait deviations in CP. Generally, treatments strive to limit secondary deformations, re-establish the lever arm function and preserve muscle strength. Additional roles of CGA are to better understand the effects of treatments on gait deviations. Cite this article: Armand S, Decoulon G, Bonnefoy-Mazure A. Gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:448-460. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000052.
Molecular Portrait of Metastasis-Competent Circulating Tumor Cells in Colon Cancer Reveals the Crucial Role of Genes Regulating Energy Metabolism and DNA Repair
Authors: Alix-Panabières Catherine , Cayrefourcq Laure , Mazard Thibault , Maudelonde Thierry , Assenat Eric , Assou Said 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnraveling the molecular mechanisms that regulate the biology of metastasis-competent circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is urgently needed to understand metastasis formation and tumor relapse. Our group previously established the first cell line (CTC-MCC-41) derived from metastasis-competent CTCs of a patient with colon cancer.METHODSIn this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of CTC-MCC-41 cells using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays with the aim of unraveling the molecular basis of their special features (stem cell properties and ability to initiate and support metastasis formation).RESULTSComparison of the transcriptome data of metastasis-competent CTC-MCC-41 cells and of HT-29 cells (derived from a primary colon cancer) highlights the differential expression of genes that regulate energy metabolism [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1A (PPARGC1A), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1B (PPARGC1B), fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1), aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 (ALDH3A1)], DNA repair [BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1), Fanconi anemia complementation group B (FANCB), Fanconi anemia complementation group M (FANCM)], and stemness [glutaminase 2 (GLS2), cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH)]. The differential expression of 20 genes was validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.CONCLUSIONSThis study gives a comprehensive outlook on the molecular events involved in colon cancer progression and provides potential CTC biomarkers that may help develop new therapies to specifically target CTCs with stem cell properties that cause metastases and tumor relapse in patients with colon cancer.
Detoxifying enzyme studies on cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in field populations in Karnataka, India
Authors: Halappa Banakar , Patil Rajashekar K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe cotton leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) is considered to be an alarming insect pest causing both quantitative and qualitative loss in cotton. In situ bioassay studies were done and the role of detoxifying enzymes in conferring resistance to neonicotinoid groups of insecticides in low (MUD), medium (DVG), high (HVR) and very high (GLB) pesticide usage areas of Karnataka were determined. Bioassay studies showed that imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and clothianidin registered varying levels of resistance for all the locations studied. The resistance ratio was high in imidacloprid (3.35, 8.57, 9.15 and 12.27 fold respectively) and the lowest in dinoferuran (1.86, 5.13, 6.71 and 9.88 fold respectively). Furthermore, the enzyme activity ratio (glutathione-S-transferase) was relatively greater, and corresponded to the higher LC50values of neonicotinoids for very high, high, medium and low pesticide usage areas. Our study suggested that the higher activity of the detoxifying enzyme in the resistance population of cotton leafhopper apparently has a significant role in endowing resistance to neonicotinoid groups of insecticides. However, this study recommends using neonicotinoids in cotton growing areas with caution.