bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MICROBIOLOGIC SPECTRUM AND VISUAL OUTCOMES OF ACUTE-ONSET ENDOPHTHALMITIS UNDERGOING THERAPEUTIC PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY
Authors: Sridhar Jayanth , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Kuriyan Ajay E. , Joseph Anthony , Thomas Benjamin J. , Liang Michelle C. , Rayess Nadim , Relhan Nidhi , Wolfe Jeremy D. , Shah Chirag P. , Witkin Andre J. , Flynn Harry W. , Garg Sunir J. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To report the clinical presentation, microbiologic spectrum, and visual outcomes associated with acute-onset infectious endophthalmitis undergoing therapeutic pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods:
Multicenter interventional retrospective noncomparative consecutive case series. Billing records were reviewed to identify all charts for patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy within 14 days of diagnosis of acute-onset infectious endophthalmitis over a 4-year period at 5 large tertiary referral retina practices. Statistical analysis was performed to assess for factors associated with visual outcomes.

Results:
Seventy patients were identified. The most common clinical setting was postcataract surgery (n = 20). Only 3 patients (4.3%) presented with 20/400 or better visual acuity (VA). Although most of the patients initially underwent vitreous tap and intravitreal antibiotic injection (n = 47, 67.1%), all patients eventually underwent pars plana vitrectomy within 14 days of presentation with 68.5% (48/70) of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy within 48 hours of presentation. Positive intraocular cultures were obtained in 56 patients (80%). The most common identified organism was Streptococcus sp (n = 19). Visual acuity at last follow-up was 20/400 or better in 19 patients (27.1%). Three patients underwent evisceration or enucleation (4.3%). Last recorded postoperative VA (mean LogMAR 1.99 ± 0.94, Snellen VA equivalent finger count) improved from presenting VA (mean LogMAR 2.37 ± 0.38, Snellen VA hand motions) (P ≤ 0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between the underlying etiology or the timing of surgery with this VA outcome.

Conclusion:
Although less than one-third of patients achieved 20/400 or better VA, this VA often improved significantly from presenting VA.
Intravenous Acetaminophen for Renal Colic in the Emergency Department: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Sin Billy , Koop Kimberly , Liu Michelle , Yeh Jun-Yen , Thandi Pardeep 
Published: October 2016

Background:
The efficacy, safety, opioid-sparing effects, and cost–benefit analyses of intravenous (IV) acetaminophen (APAP) in treating renal colic remain controversial.

Study Question:
To evaluate the safety, efficacy, opioid-sparing effects, and cost–benefits of IV APAP in patients who present with renal colic in the emergency department (ED).

Data Sources:
We systematically searched PubMed (January 1970 to April 2016).

Study Design:
Randomized controlled trials which evaluated IV APAP for renal colic in the ED were eligible. The clinical outcomes measured were change in pain scores from baseline, incidence of adverse events, use of rescue analgesia, and cost–benefits. Forest plots were constructed using the Mantel–Haenszel method in a random effect model to changes in pain scores from the baseline to designated intervals.

Results:
The analysis suggested a difference in pain reduction favoring IV APAP over morphine. IV APAP had a significant effect in pain reduction than IV morphine (difference in mean pain score reduction = 7.5 in a 100-point visual analog scale (VAS); 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.99–13.00; P = 0.008). There was mild-to-moderate study heterogeneity (I2 = 42%). No difference was observed when IV APAP was compared with intramuscular piroxicam for pain reduction (difference in mean pain score reduction = 0.17 in a VAS reduction ≥50% VAS; 95% CI, −0.22 to 0.57) and to intramuscular diclofenac (difference in mean pain score reduction = 0.00 in a numeric rating scale reduction ≥50%; 95% CI, −0.12 to 0.12). The analysis for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus IV APAP revealed no difference (difference in mean pain score reduction = 0.01 in a 100-point VAS; 95% CI, −0.10 to 0.13; P = 0.80).

Conclusions:
In this meta-analysis, we found that data on the efficacy, safety, opioid-sparing effects, and cost–benefit analyses of IV APAP for renal colic were weak. Based on the available data, IV APAP should not be considered as an alternative to opioids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the primary management of renal colic in the ED.
Correlation of Transient Elastography With Severity of Cystic Fibrosis–related Liver Disease
Authors: Aqul Amal , Jonas Maureen M. , Harney Sarah , Raza Roshan , Sawicki Gregory S. , Mitchell Paul D. , Fawaz Rima 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate whether liver stiffness measurement (LSM), determined by transient elastography, correlates with presence and severity of liver disease in children and young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF).Methods:Subjects underwent LSM at routine CF visits. Presence and severity of cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) was determined by clinical parameters. Subjects were classified as no CFLD, CFLD without portal hypertension (PHTN), and CFLD with PHTN. LSM was compared with aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI) as a correlate to severity of CFLD.Results:A total of 249 subjects (53% boys; mean age 14 ± 7 years; 7 [3%] <2 years and 74 [30%] 18–25 years) underwent LSM. Subjects were classified as 158 (64%) with no CFLD, 73 (29%) CFLD without PHTN, and 18 (7%) CFLD with PHTN. The median (interquartile range) LSM was different among the 3 groups: 4.4 (3.8–5.4), 5.1 (4.4–6.3), and 14.1 (8.8–24.8) kPa, respectively, with all pairwise comparisons different from one another (P < 0.0001). Similarly, median (interquartile range) APRI was different in groups 1 and 2 compared with CFLD with PHTN: 0.22 (0.17–0.27), 0.24 (0.17–0.33), and 0.53 (0.24–0.84), respectively (P < 0.01). Analysis of receiver operating characteristics for discriminating CFLD with PHTN from the other groups resulted in cut‐points at 6.2 kPa (LSM) and 0.35 (APRI). LSM was superior to APRI in discriminating CFLD with PHTN from other groups, with areas under the curve 0.91 (LSM) versus 0.78 (APRI) (P = 0.05).Conclusions:Liver stiffness, as determined by transient elastography, correlates with the presence and severity of CFLD. Although APRI provided some information regarding severity of liver disease, LSM performed better than APRI in this population.
Identifying Diffuse Axonal Injury by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight
Authors: Ren Guanheng , Zou Donghua , Huang Ping , Li Zhengdong , Shao Yu , Deng Kaifei , Chen Yijiu , Liu Ningguo 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify the diffuse axonal injury (DAI) of rat through screening out differentially expressed proteins which may represent potential biomarkers by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), which could make a contribution for the research of forensic pathology.

Methods
A total of 15 brainstem sections of rats (10 with and 5 without DAI) were conducted by MALDI-TOF IMS. Specific protein expression patterns were obtained for normal and DAI regions within the tissue sections. “Supervised Neural Network” algorithm was used to classify the DAI group from the normal group.

Results
Applying a “Supervised Neural Network” algorithm, we were able to distinguish between normal and DAI regions with an overall cross-validation, a sensitivity and specificity of 95.67%, 99.34%, and 92.01%, respectively. Additionally, 4 distinctively overexpressed peaks were identified: 7059 and 1518 Da for DAI sections, and 5077 and 4327 Da for normal sections.

Conclusions
This study reveals the value of MALDI-TOF IMS to classify between normal and injured tissues and identify candidates for DAI biomarkers which will provide data to eventually understand the pathological mechanisms relevant to DAI, which is a great help in forensic pathology.
Willingness to Be a Brain Donor
Authors: Boise Linda , Hinton Ladson , Rosen Howard J. , Ruhl Mary C. , Dodge Hiroko , Mattek Nora , Albert Marilyn , Denny Andrea , Grill Joshua D. , Hughes Travonia , Lingler Jennifer H. , Morhardt Darby , Parfitt Francine , Peterson-Hazan Susan , Pop Viorela , Rose Tara , Shah Raj C. 
Published: October 2016

Introduction:
Racial and ethnic groups are under-represented among research subjects who assent to brain donation in Alzheimer disease research studies. There has been little research on this important topic. Although there are some studies that have investigated the barriers to brain donation among African American study volunteers, there is no known research on the factors that influence whether or not Asians or Latinos are willing to donate their brains for research.

Methods:
African American, Caucasian, Asian, and Latino research volunteers were surveyed at 15 Alzheimer Disease Centers to identify predictors of willingness to assent to brain donation.

Results:
Positive predictors included older age, Latino ethnicity, understanding of how the brain is used by researchers, and understanding of what participants need to do to ensure that their brain will be donated. Negative predictors included African/African American race, belief that the body should remain whole at burial, and concern that researchers might not be respectful of the body during autopsy.

Discussion:
The predictive factors identified in this study may be useful for researchers seeking to increase participation of diverse ethnic groups in brain donation.
QuickStitch for seamless stitching of confocal mosaics through high-pass filtering and recursive normalization
Authors: Brodskiy Pavel A. , Eberts Paulina M. , Narciso Cody , Kursawe Jochen , Fletcher Alexander , Zartman Jeremiah J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTFluorescence micrographs naturally exhibit darkening around their edges (vignetting), which makes seamless stitching challenging. If vignetting is not corrected for, a stitched image will have visible seams where the individual images (tiles) overlap, introducing a systematic error into any quantitative analysis of the image. Although multiple vignetting correction methods exist, there remains no open-source tool that robustly handles large 2D immunofluorescence-based mosaic images. Here, we develop and validate QuickStitch, a tool that applies a recursive normalization algorithm to stitch large-scale immunofluorescence-based mosaics without incurring vignetting seams. We demonstrate how the tool works successfully for tissues of differing size, morphology, and fluorescence intensity. QuickStitch requires no specific information about the imaging system. It is provided as an open-source tool that is both user friendly and extensible, allowing straightforward incorporation into existing image processing pipelines. This enables studies that require accurate segmentation and analysis of high-resolution datasets when parameters of interest include both cellular-level phenomena and larger tissue-level regions of interest.
Multivariate EEG analyses support high-resolution tracking of feature-based attentional selection
Authors: Fahrenfort Johannes Jacobus , Grubert Anna , Olivers Christian N. L. , Eimer Martin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe primary electrophysiological marker of feature-based selection is the N2pc, a lateralized posterior negativity emerging around 180-200 ms. As it relies on hemispheric differences, its ability to discriminate the locus of focal attention is severely limited. Here we demonstrate that multivariate analyses of raw EEG data provide a much more fine-grained spatial profile of feature-based target selection. When training a pattern classifier to determine target position from EEG, we were able to decode target positions on the vertical midline, which cannot be achieved using standard N2pc methodology. Next, we used a forward encoding model to construct a channel tuning function that describes the continuous relationship between target position and multivariate EEG in an eight-position display. This model can spatially discriminate individual target positions in these displays and is fully invertible, enabling us to construct hypothetical topographic activation maps for target positions that were never used. When tested against the real pattern of neural activity obtained from a different group of subjects, the constructed maps from the forward model turned out statistically indistinguishable, thus providing independent validation of our model. Our findings demonstrate the power of multivariate EEG analysis to track feature-based target selection with high spatial and temporal precision.Significance StatementFeature-based attentional selection enables observers to find objects in their visual field. The spatiotemporal profile of this process is difficult to assess with standard electrophysiological methods, which rely on activity differences between cerebral hemispheres. We demonstrate that multivariate analyses of EEG data can track target selection across the visual field with high temporal and spatial resolution. Using a forward model, we were able to capture the continuous relationship between target position and EEG measurements, allowing us to reconstruct the distribution of cortical activity for target locations that were never shown during the experiment. Our findings demonstrate the existence of a temporally and spatially precise EEG signal that can be used to study the neural basis of feature-based attentional selection.
Optimal structure of heterogeneous stem cell niche: The importance of cell migration in delaying tumorigenesis
Authors: Shahriyari Leili , Mahdipour–Shirayeh Ali 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStudying the stem cell niche architecture is a crucial step for investigating the process of oncogenesis and obtaining an effective stem cell therapy for various cancers. Recently, it has been observed that there are two groups of stem cells in the stem cell niche collaborating with each other to maintain tissue homeostasis. One group comprises the border stem cells, which is responsible to control the number of non-stem cells as well as stem cells. The other group, central stem cells, regulates the stem cell niche. In the present study, we develop a bi-compartmental stochastic model for the stem cell niche to study the spread of mutants within the niche. The analytic calculations and numeric simulations, which are in perfect agreement, reveal that in order to delay the spread of mutants in the stem cell niche, a small but non-zero number of stem cell proliferations must occur in the central stem cell compartment. Moreover, the migration of border stem cells to the central stem cell compartment delays the spread of mutants. Furthermore, the fixation probability of mutants in the stem cell niche is independent of types of stem cell division as long as all stem cells do not divide fully asymmetrically. Additionally, the progeny of central stem cells have a much higher chance than the progeny of border stem cells to take over the entire niche.
p53 dynamically directs TFIID assembly on target gene promoters
Authors: Coleman R. A. , Qiao Z. , Singh S. K. , Peng C. S. , Cianfrocco M. , Zhang Z. , Piasecka A. , Aldeborgh H. , Basishvili G. , Liu W. L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe p53 tumor suppressor protein is a central regulator that turns on vast gene networks to maintain cellular integrity upon various stimuli. p53 activates transcription initiation in part by aiding recruitment of TFIID to the promoter. However, the precise means by which p53 dynamically interacts with TFIID to facilitate assembly on target gene promoters remains elusive. To address this key question, we have undertaken an integrated approach involving single molecule fluorescence microscopy, single particle cryo-electron microscopy, and biochemistry. Our real-time single molecule imaging demonstrates that TFIID alone binds poorly to native p53 target promoters. p53 unlocks TFIID’s ability to bind DNA by increasing TFIID contacts with both the core promoter and a region surrounding p53’s response element (RE). Analysis of single molecule dissociation kinetics reveals that TFIID interacts with promoters via transient and prolonged DNA binding modes that are each regulated by p53. Importantly, our structural work reveals that TFIID’s conversion from a canonical form to a rearranged DNA-binding conformation is enhanced in the presence of DNA and p53. Notably, TFIID’s interaction with DNA induces p53 to rapidly dissociate, effectively liberating the RE on the promoter. Collectively, these findings indicate that p53 dynamically escorts and loads the basal transcription machinery onto its target promoters.
Businesses and mobile social media capability
Authors: Bolat Elvira , Kooli Kaouther , Wright Len Tiu 
Published: October 2016

PurposeMobile social media (MSM), an interaction, exchange of information and creation of user-generated content, mediated by mobile devices, is becoming the locomotive that drives forward evolution of the online world. Fewer academic studies have touched upon the MSM subject, with all the papers being of a conceptual nature to provide recommendations to business-to-business (B2B) firms. This paper aims to explore how B2B firms use MSM in reality.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts the grounded theory approach to analyse interviews conducted in 26 B2B firms representing the UK advertising and marketing sector. Interviewees represent key decision-makers who understand the aspects of mobile technology use in their firms. Eighteen firms stressed the importance of social media as a trigger to adopt mobile devices. Follow-up data collection in these 18 firms focus on strategic orientation, processes, routines and skills required for using MSM.FindingsThis paper found that marketing and advertising firms use MSM for branding, sensing market, managing relationships and developing content. MSM is treated by businesses as a strategic firm-specific capability that drives firms’ competitiveness, where imitation of such capability by competitors is limited because MSM skills are specific to individuals within organisations and MSM routines are manifested as a result of firm-specific MSM skills’ interactions.Originality/valueThis study is amongst the first to provide insights into B2B firms’ practices of using MSM. Additionally, the research is novel because it discovers that MSM capability is developed as a result of the overlap between individuals’ and organisational knowledge and memory, contradicting existing theory on the subject.
Better together? A hospitality case for umbrella branding
Authors: Kooli Kaouther , Cai Huifen , Tang Xiaoyun , Beer Cornelia , Wright Len Tiu 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
While the topic of “umbrella branding” strategies for manufacturers’ products in the business-to-business literature has received attention, much less has been written about umbrella branding strategies in the hospitality industry. With the aid of a theoretical framework, this paper aims to explore three types of behavioural characteristics: alliance attribute, communication behaviour and alliance management, to examine cost and service benefits for alliance success within one umbrella organisation in the German hospitality industry. The theoretical framework of the paper built on the model of Vanpoucke and Vereecke (2012), incorporating a top management perspective to test and extend an umbrella brand.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews with a sample of senior managers were carried out in Germany at the headquarters of Ringhotels e.V. Content analysis of the data collected was implemented to increase understanding of the research phenomenon with regard to relationships and the conceptual framework applied. The results were presented in the tables with discussions about the qualitative research.

Findings
The results of the study showed that behavioural characteristics played a significant role in explaining overall alliance success on cost and service benefits. A good level of quality presented in Ringhotels’ services, marketing, risk and coordination was found to be a better predictor of success when absence of management and lack of trust hampered good performance.

Originality/value
The study offers insights into the management of relationships within Ringhotels e.V. and how these can be better managed. The main contribution of the work fills in a gap currently existing in the literature about umbrella branding within the hospitality industry.
The perils of Arab American adolescents post 9/11
Authors: Tabbah Rhonda 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to describe patterns of experiences and perceptions of inclusion and accuracy of Arab American culture in the multicultural paradigm in schools through the voices of Arab American youth.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was carried out using a survey research design. Qualitative reports of experiences in school were obtained using open-ended questionnaires.

Findings
The reports were examined for themes regarding specific types of experiences and for types of inaccuracies taught about Arab culture in schools. Categories that arose for experiences included bullying/harassment, racial stereotyping and religious stereotyping of Arabs. Half of the sample reported that the culture is not represented in the multicultural paradigm in their school. Themes arising from curricular inaccuracies include misinformation involving stereotypes and biases.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations include generalizability due to research design and sampling methods. Future research may use multiple methods of collecting this type of information, such as focus groups, observations and face-to-face interviews with participants.

Practical implications
These experiences may affect students’ sense of belonging and inclusion in their schools, which may affect academic and social growth. Strategies for school staff to implement in their schools are provided. Results may be used to inform environmental, policy and curricular reform in schools.

Originality/value
This study is one of the few to provide qualitative descriptions of Arab American’s experiences in the schools.
Storying a white teacher
Authors: Tanner Samuel Jaye 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the experience of a white teacher to attain greater understanding of racial identities, especially whiteness, and reconsider the current understandings of whiteness and whiteness pedagogy. The author argues that notions of whiteness are social constructions, and that reconstructions of conventional understandings of whiteness could provide more nuanced understandings of whiteness that might facilitate more sophisticated considerations of how race and whiteness continue to influence schooling practices.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses autoethnography, a version of narrative inquiry, to consider issues related to the intersection of whiteness and education. The author recounts, reflects on and interprets a body of experiential knowledge to illuminate the experience of being a white teacher in both a racially diverse school and one that was more homogeneously white. These experiences are interpreted and placed in the context of scholarly work to frame an argument regarding a more sophisticated conceptualization of whiteness and its position in efforts toward inclusive and mutli-cultural education.FindingsThis paper closes with the argument that whiteness needs to be troubled and understood in more sophisticated ways than a traditional white privilege framework has allowed and accounted for directly in school settings in the USA.Originality/valueThis paper is original and valuable, mostly because it uses narrative to share the unique and complex experience of a white teacher who attempted to account for and consider the presence of whiteness over the 30 years in his career.