bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed-Set Speech Discrimination Tests for Assessing Young Children
Authors: Vickers Deborah A. , Moore Brian C. J. , Majeed Arooj , Stephenson Natalie , Alferaih Hala , Baer Thomas , Marriage Josephine E. 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
The main objective of this study is to obtain data assessing normative scores, test–retest reliability, critical differences, and the effect of age for two closed-set consonant-discrimination tests.

Design:
The two tests are intended for use with children aged 2 to 8 years. The tests were evaluated using normal-hearing children within the appropriate age range. The tests were (1) the closed-set consonant confusion test (CCT) and (2) the consonant-discrimination subtest of the closed-set Chear Auditory Perception Test (CAPT). Both were word-identification tests using stimuli presented at a low fixed level, chosen to avoid ceiling effects while avoiding the use of background noise. Each test was administered twice.

Results:
All children in the age range 3 years 2 months to 8 years 11 months gave meaningful scores and were able to respond reliably using a computer mouse or a touch screen to select one of four response options displayed on a screen for each trial. Assessment of test–retest reliability showed strong agreement between the two test runs (interclass correlation ≥ 0.8 for both tests). The critical differences were similar to those for other monosyllabic speech tests. Tables of these differences for the CCT and CAPT are provided for clinical use of the measures. Performance tended to improve with increasing age, especially for the CCT. Regression equations relating mean performance to age are given.

Conclusions:
The CCT is appropriate for children with developmental age in the range 2 to 4.5 years and the CAPT is appropriate as a follow-on test from the CCT. If a child scores 80% or more on the CCT, they can be further tested using the CAPT, which contains more advanced vocabulary and more difficult contrasts. This allows the assessment of consonant perception ability and of changes over time or after an intervention.
Torsional Growth Modulation of Long Bones by Oblique Plating in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Lazarus David E. , Farnsworth Christine L. , Jeffords Megan E. , Marino Nikolas , Hallare Jericho , Edmonds Eric W. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
There is evidence that oblique tension band plating can affect torsional growth in long bones. This study sought to determine if the torsional growth could be modulated based on the angles of the tension band plating and whether or not oblique plating affected overall longitudinal growth.

Methods:
New Zealand White rabbits (10.5 wk old) had one screw placed on the metaphyseal side and one on the epiphyseal side of both medial and lateral sides of the right knee distal femoral physis. The sham group (n=5) included screw placement only. For the plate group (n=13), unlocked plates, angled from 0 to 76 degrees, connected the screws and spanned the physis. Radiographs were taken at biweekly intervals. After 6 weeks of growth, hindlimbs were harvested and microCT scans performed. Femoral length, distances between screw heads and angle between the plates were measured on radiographs. Femoral length differences were compared between groups. Femoral version was measured from 3D microCT. Plate angle changes were correlated to the difference in femoral version between limbs using Pearson correlation (significance was set to P<0.05 for all comparisons).

Results:
Femur length difference between the contralateral and the operative side was significantly greater in the plate group compared with the sham group over time (P=0.049). Medial and lateral screw distances changed significantly more in the sham group than the plate group on both sides (P<0.001). A greater initial angle between plates resulted in a greater change in the angle between plates (P<0.001). Significant correlations were found between right-left side femoral version differences and initial plate angle (P=0.003) and plate angle change (P=0.014).

Conclusions:
The torsional effect of oblique plating seems to correlate with the amount of initial plate angle, with an additional, not negligible, longitudinal growth effect.

Clinical Significance:
Placing plates at given angles across open physes may result in predictable changes in bone torsion allowing for a safer and less invasive option when treating childhood torsional deformities, but the resulting shortening of the ipsilateral femur must be considered.
Autonomic Reflex Screen Test Abnormalities in Cold-Induced Sweating Syndrome Type 1
Authors: El-Dokla Ahmed M. , Ferdous Jannatul , Ali Sara T. , Alam Khondoker 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Cold-induced sweating syndrome (CISS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease due to mutation in the Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1). The characteristic symptom of CISS is the tendency to sweat profusely especially in the upper body and hands when the patient is exposed to cold temperature. We sought to first report the findings of autonomic reflex screen in a case of CISS type 1 with Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 mutation. Valsalva morphology, Valsalva ratio, and heart rate response to deep breathing were normal for the patient's age. Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test showed nonlength dependent decrease in the sweat volume. Tilt table revealed evidence of reflex (vasovagal) “syncope,” however, the patient was asymptomatic without loss of consciousness.
Paraneoplastic Lambert–Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome With Limbic Encephalitis: Clinical Correlation With the Coexistence of Anti-VGCC and Anti-GABAB Receptor Antibodies
Authors: Cho Jonathan J. , Wymer James P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To characterize Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome and limbic encephalitis with coexistent voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) antibody and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor antibody.

Methods:
Case study.

Results:
A 57-year-old man presented with 6 months of weakness, unsteadiness, and vision difficulties. Examination revealed proximal weakness and diminished reflexes. Electrodiagnostic study revealed low-amplitude motor potentials and facilitation on high-frequency stimulation. Laboratory evaluation identified P/Q-type VGCC antibody. Positron emission tomography identified a mediastinal lesion, confirmed as small-cell lung carcinoma. The patient developed confusion and seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis identified antibodies to GABAB receptor.

Conclusions:
This case describes a patient with Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, limbic encephalitis, and autoantibodies to VGCC and GABAB receptor. Atypical presentation of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes could indicate the presence of a second antibody that may have significant impact on therapy.
Predictors of Nurses' Intentions to Administer As-Needed Opioid Analgesics for Pain Relief to Postoperative Orthopaedic Patients in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Taylor Colleen Y. , Sheu Jiunn-Jye , Chen Huey-Shys , Glassman Tavis , Dake Joseph 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:
Patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery experience severe postoperative pain that is frequently undertreated. No study was found that examined the predictors of nurses' intentions to administer as needed (PRN) opioid analgesics for postoperative pain relief.

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to determine what constructs from the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) can predict nurses' intentions to administer PRN opioid analgesics for pain relief to hospitalized postoperative orthopaedic patients.

METHODS:
A nonexperimental, cross-sectional quantitative format was used. The sample consisted of 800 nurses. Data collection was done by survey.

RESULTS:
Path analysis revealed the significant predictors of nurses' intention to administer opioid analgesics to be self-efficacy (β= 0.15), normative beliefs (β= 0.21), and salience (importance) of the behavior (β= 0.25).

CONCLUSION:
The study showed that the IBM constructs are useful for predicting intentions toward performance of a professional behavior. The inclusion of self-efficacy, underlying beliefs, and salience of the behavior was new and unique contributions to the existing body of knowledge.
Preoperative Risk Factors for Subsyndromal Delirium in Older Adults Who Undergo Joint Replacement Surgery
Authors: Denny Dawn L. , Lindseth Glenda 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:
Older adults with subsyndromal delirium have similar risks for adverse outcomes following joint replacement surgery as those who suffer from delirium.

PURPOSE:
This study examined relationships among subsyndromal delirium and select preoperative risk factors in older adults following major orthopaedic surgery.

METHODS:
Delirium assessments of a sample of 62 adults 65 years of age or older were completed on postoperative Days 1, 2, and 3 following joint replacement surgery. Data were analyzed for relationships among delirium symptoms and the following preoperative risk factors: increased comorbidity burden, cognitive impairment, fall history, and preoperative fasting time.

RESULTS:
Postoperative subsyndromal delirium occurred in 68% of study participants. A recent fall history and a longer preoperative fasting time were associated with delirium symptoms (p ≤ .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Older adults with a recent history of falls within the past 6 months or a longer duration of preoperative fasting time may be at higher risk for delirium symptoms following joint replacement surgery.
Variability in Condom Use Trends by Sexual Risk Behaviors: Findings from the 2003–2015 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys
Authors: Harper Christopher R. , Steiner Riley J. , Lowry Richard , Hufstetler Schell , Dittus Patricia J. 
Published: November 2017

Objective
This study aimed to examine variability in condom use trends by sexual risk behavior among US high school students.

Methods
Data were from the 2003–2015 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted biennially among a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 to 12. We used logistic regression to examine variability in trends of condom use during last sexual intercourse among female and male students by 4 sexual risk behaviors: drank alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse, first sexual intercourse before age 13 years, 4 or more sex partners during their life, and 2 or more sex partners during the past 3 months.

Results
Between 2003 and 2015, significant declines in self-reported condom use were observed among black female (63.6% in 2003 to 46.7% in 2015) and white male students (69.0% in 2003 to 58.1% in 2015). Among female students, declines in self-reported condom use were significant only among those who drank or use drugs before last sexual intercourse, had 4 or more sex partners during their life, or had 2 or more sex partners during the past 3 months. There was a significant interaction between trends in condom use and first sexual intercourse before age 13 years, suggesting more pronounced declines among female students who initiated first sexual intercourse before age 13 years compared with their female peers. Trends did not vary by sexual risk behavior for male students.

Conclusions
Results suggest that declines in self-reported condom use have occurred among female students at greater risk for acquiring a sexually transmitted disease.
Gender inequalities in job quality during the recession
Authors: Ficapal-Cusí Pilar , Díaz-Chao Angel , Sainz-Ibáñez Milagros , Torrent-Sellens Joan 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyse gender differences in job quality during the first years of the economic crisis in Spain.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses microdata from the Quality of Working Life Survey. A representative sample of 5,381 and 4,925 Spanish employees (men and women) in 2008 and 2010, and a two-stage structural equation modelling (SEM) are empirically tested.

Findings
The study revealed three main results. First, the improvement in job quality was more favourable to men than it was to women. Second, the gender differences in the explanation of job quality increased considerably in favour of men. Third, this increase in gender-related job inequality in favour of men is explained by a worsening of 4 of the 5 explanatory dimensions thereof: intrinsic job quality; work organisation and workplace relationships; working conditions, work intensity and health and safety at work; and extrinsic rewards. Only inequality in the work-life balance dimension remained stable.

Research limitations/implications
The availability of more detailed microdata for other countries and new statistical methods for analysing causal relationships, particularly SEM-PLS, would allow new approaches to be taken.

Social implications
Public policy measures required to fight against gender inequalities are discussed.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to enrich the understanding of the multidimensional and gender-related determinants of job quality and, in particular, of studying the effects of the first years of the economic crisis.
How employees define organisational trust: analysing employee trust in organisation
Authors: Ozmen Y. Serkan 
Published: November 2017

PurposeMost business organisations try to create and maintain trustful relationships with their various stakeholders. Among all, sustaining a trustful relationship with employees has been particularly important for organisations. However, due to the multidimensional structure and changing nature of concept across settings, it is difficult to identify what makes an organisation trustworthy for its employees. The purpose of this study is to analyse the concept of organisational trust and identify how employees actually define organisational trust.Design/methodology/approachIn the study, a survey was conducted on a sample of 104 employees who were working in Turkey. Following a qualitative and quantitative approach, the data were analysed to categorise the definitions of respondents according to the theoretical framework.FindingsThe findings of study closely overlap with the relevant literature, but they also extend the scope of definition with including new factors such as reputation management, strategic management or ethics and values. According to results, the perceptions of employees on organisational trust vary depending on their individual and organisational characteristics.Practical implicationsThe study reveals the context depending nature of organisational trust. Developing a wider sense by capturing its full meaning and reflecting the different expectations of employees can increase the trust in organisations.Originality/valueBased on the detailed review of literature, the study identifies the major dimensions of organisational trust and then reveals the similarities and differences with the literature. The study provides a viable perspective on the concept to capture its meaning in different contexts.
Performance of Cu-Al2O3 thin film as thermal interface material in LED package: thermal transient and optical output analysis
Authors: Lim Wei Qiang , Devarajan Mutharasu , Subramani Shanmugan 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to study the influence of the Cu-Al2O3 film-coated Cu substrate as a thermal interface material (TIM) on the thermal and optical behaviour of the light-emitting diode (LED) package and the annealing effect on the thermal and optical properties of the films.

Design/methodology/approach
A layer-stacking technique has been used to deposit the Cu-Al2O3 films by means of magnetron sputtering, and the annealing process was conducted on the synthesized films.

Findings
In this paper, it was found that the un-annealed Cu-Al2O3–coated Cu substrate exhibited low value of thermal resistance compared to the bare Cu substrate and to the results of previous works. Also the annealing effect does not have a significant impact on the changes of properties of the films.

Research limitations/implications
It is deduced that the increase of the Cu layer thickness can further improve the thermal properties of the deposited film, which can reduce the thermal resistance of the package in system-level analysis.

Practical implications
The paper suggested that the Cu-Al2O3–coated Cu substrate can be used as alternative TIM for the thermal management of the application of LEDs.

Originality value
In this paper, the Cu substrate has been used as the substrate for the Cu-Al2O3 films, as the Cu substrate has higher thermal conductivity compared to the Al substrate as shown in previous work.
ZnO nanowire UV photodetector with multiple channels
Authors: Jiang Guohua , Zhao Dongmei , Zhao Bo 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optoelectronic properties of the multichannel ZnO UV photodetectors.

Design/methodology/approach
ZnO nanowires were assembled by dielectrophoresis for the UV photodetectors. Different ZnO channels were adjusted by different alternating current voltages and investigated for UV optoelectronic properties.

Findings
The number of the ZnO channels increases with the enhancing alternating current voltage. Optimum performance of the UV photodetectors is obtained with more channels.

Originality/value
Dielectrophoresis is a promising method for controllable assembly of multichannel ZnO photodetectors. ZnO photodetectors with more channels demonstrate a good response to 380-nm UV light, which shows great potential application in UV photodetector.
Thermomechanical reliability of conductive tracks screen printed on flexible magnetic sheets
Authors: Janeczek Kamil , Arazna Aneta , Lipiec Krzysztof 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to present thermal and mechanical durability of conductive tracks screen-printed with silver polymer pastes on flexible magnetic sheets.Design/methodology/approachA test pattern that consisted of three straight lines was printed with two different silver pastes on a flexible magnetic sheet and a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) foil for comparison. Electrical properties of these lines were examined by resistance measurements and their thickness was measured with a digital microscope on cross sections. Cyclic bending was performed to investigate mechanical properties of prepared samples as well as thermal shocks to analyse their thermal durability. Further, samples after thermal shocks underwent cyclic bending to test influence of thermal exposure on mechanical properties of the prepared samples. Changes in the test lines after the thermal and mechanical tests were assessed by resistance measurements and microscopic analysis of surface and internal structure of the test lines.FindingsIt was found that the most important factor having an impact on electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of the conductive tracks screen-printed on magnetic sheets is a type of paste used. The samples made with the paste PM-406 exhibited lower resistance because of a higher layer thickness compared to the lines printed with the paste PF-050. The PM-406 layers were revealed to be less durable to mechanical and thermal exposures. An analogical relationship was noticed for the samples made with PM-406 and PF-050 on a PEN foil after thermal shocks and cyclic bending. When magnetic sheets were used as a substrate, a bigger degree of damage was observed for the PF-050 samples, which even lost their electrical continuity after 1,000 bending cycles and thermal cycles, irrespective of their number. Some damage was also noticed in the magnetic sheet after the bending and thermal cycles.Research limitations/implicationsFurther investigations are required to examine the influence of other types of thermal exposure on electrical properties of lines printed on magnetic sheets. Other types of magnetic sheets are also recommended to be investigated as substrate materials.Practical implicationsThe results reported in this study can be useful among others for designers of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, which are intended to operate in a challenging environment with strong mechanical and thermal exposures.Originality/valueThis paper contains valuable information concerning mechanical and thermal properties of conductive tracks screen-printed on magnetic sheets which can be used, i.e. for designing of reliable near field communication/high frequency (NFC/HF)-RFID tags suitable for metallic surface.
Commentary on “The bounds of liberty: lessons learnt from treating a man with alcohol use disorder, autism and learning disability”
Authors: Brown Hilary 
Published: November 2017

PurposeIn commenting on the issues raised by Drakeet al.the purpose of this paper is to discuss three areas of practice: assessing capacity in the presence of intransigence and/or rigid patterns of thinking and behaviour; understanding addiction in this context; and identifying “reasonable adjustments” in the way addiction and substance misuse services are provided to this client group.Design/methodology/approachAs well as discussing the issues raised by Drakeet al.the commentary refers to a serious case review exploring similar issues.FindingsBoth the case discussed by Drakeet al.and the serious case review draw attention to the importance of identifying “reasonable adjustments” to current practice.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the implications of the cases discussed are very significant, further work quantifying the scope of the problems identified would be very useful.Practical implicationsThe 1995 Disability Discrimination Act (UK) requires public services to make “reasonable adjustments” in order for people with a range of disabilities to access their services on an equitable basis. This paper identifies what some of those areas of difficulty might be.Originality/valueThis is a relatively new area of work and expertise in both mainstream addiction and specialist intellectual disability and mental health services needs to be developed in order for them to provide more coherent and accessible programmes to individuals.
Secrets and disclosure in donor conception
Authors: Frith Lucy , Blyth Eric , Crawshaw Marilyn , van den Akker Olga 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article considers the disclosure, sharing and exchange of information on being donor conceived within families, drawing on data from a study undertaken with donor‐conceived adults registered withUKDonor Link (a voluntaryDNA‐linking register). This paper considers the narratives of how respondents found out they were donor‐conceived and what events triggered disclosure of this information. This paper then goes on to examine the role secrecy played in their family life and uses the concept of ‘display’ to explore how secrecy affected their relationships with their immediate and extended family. Secrets are notoriously ‘leaky’ and we found complex patterns of knowing and uncertainty about whom in the family knew that the person was donor‐conceived. We argue that what is kept secret and from whom provides insights into the multifaceted web of social relationships that can be created by donor‐conception, and how knowledge can be managed and controlled in attempts to display and maintain family narratives of biogenetic connection.
Macroeconomic effects of government spending in China
Authors: Wang Xin , Wen Yi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGovernment spending plays an important role in determining economic performances in China. Its macroeconomic effects are analysed in this paper. We show that government spending in China Granger‐causes output, consumption and investment booms as well as inflation, and has a multiplier larger than 1. The large multiplier effects are found not only in aggregated time‐series data but also in panel data at the provincial level. We also provide a theoretical model and Monte Carlo analysis to rationalize our empirical findings. Our theoretical and Monte Carlo analyses support the large multiplier found in China but also suggest that government spending is not necessarily a free lunch in spite of the large multiplier effects.