bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival outcomes with concurrent chemoradiation for elderly patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer according to the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Amini Arya , Jones Bernard L. , McDermott Jessica D. , Serracino Hilary S. , Jimeno Antonio , Raben David , Ghosh Debashis , Bowles Daniel W. , Karam Sana D. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDThe overall survival (OS) benefit of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients older than 70 years is debated. This study examines the outcomes of elderly patients receiving CRT versus radiotherapy (RT) alone.METHODSThe National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients older than 70 years with nonmetastatic oropharyngeal, laryngeal, or hypopharyngeal cancer (T3‐4 or N(+)). CRT was defined as chemotherapy started within 14 days of the initiation of RT. Univariate analysis, multivariate analysis (MVA), propensity score matching (PSM), and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) were performed.RESULTSThe study included 4042 patients: 2538 (63%) received CRT. The median follow‐up was 19 months. The unadjusted median OS was longer with the addition of CRT (P < .001). OS was superior with CRT in the MVA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58‐0.68; P < .001) and PSM analyses (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.80; P < .001) in comparison with RT alone. According to RPA, CRT was associated with longer OS for patients 81 years or younger with low comorbidity scores and either T1‐2/N2‐3 disease or T3‐4/N0‐3 disease. The survival benefit with CRT disappeared for 2 subgroups in the 71‐ to 81‐year age range: those with T1‐2, N1, and Charlson‐Deyo 0‐1 (CD0‐1) disease and those with T3‐4, N1+, and CD1+ disease. Patients who were older than 81 years did not have increased survival with CRT. The receipt of CRT was associated with a longer duration of RT (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.50‐2.01; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSPatients older than 70 years should not be denied concurrent chemotherapy solely on the basis of age; additional factors, including the performance status and the tumor stage, should be taken into account. Cancer 2016;122:1533–43. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Counties eliminating racial disparities in colorectal cancer mortality
Authors: Rust George , Zhang Shun , Yu Zhongyuan , Caplan Lee , Jain Sanjay , Ayer Turgay , McRoy Luceta , Levine Robert S. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDAlthough colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates are declining, racial‐ethnic disparities in CRC mortality nationally are widening. Herein, the authors attempted to identify county‐level variations in this pattern, and to characterize counties with improving disparity trends.METHODSThe authors examined 20‐year trends in US county‐level black‐white disparities in CRC age‐adjusted mortality rates during the study period between 1989 and 2010. Using a mixed linear model, counties were grouped into mutually exclusive patterns of black‐white racial disparity trends in age‐adjusted CRC mortality across 20 three‐year rolling average data points. County‐level characteristics from census data and from the Area Health Resources File were normalized and entered into a principal component analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test the relation between these factors (clusters of related contextual variables) and the disparity trend pattern group for each county.RESULTSCounties were grouped into 4 disparity trend pattern groups: 1) persistent disparity (parallel black and white trend lines); 2) diverging (widening disparity); 3) sustained equality; and 4) converging (moving from disparate outcomes toward equality). The initial principal component analysis clustered the 82 independent variables into a smaller number of components, 6 of which explained 47% of the county‐level variation in disparity trend patterns.CONCLUSIONSCounty‐level variation in social determinants, health care workforce, and health systems all were found to contribute to variations in cancer mortality disparity trend patterns from 1990 through 2010. Counties sustaining equality over time or moving from disparities to equality in cancer mortality suggest that disparities are not inevitable, and provide hope that more communities can achieve optimal and equitable cancer outcomes for all. Cancer 2016;122:1735‐48. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The clinical outcome of pazopanib treatment in Japanese patients with relapsed soft tissue sarcoma: A Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group (JMOG) study
Authors: Nakamura Tomoki , Matsumine Akihiko , Kawai Akira , Araki Nobuhito , Goto Takahiro , Yonemoto Tsukasa , Sugiura Hideshi , Nishida Yoshihiro , Hiraga Hiroaki , Honoki Kanya , Yasuda Taketoshi , Boku Shogen , Sudo Akihiro , Ueda Takafumi 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDBecause the efficacy and safety of pazopanib in Japanese patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) had not been evaluated previously in a large‐scale cohort, the authors investigated the efficacy and safety of pazopanib in 156 Japanese patients with relapsed STS. This was a retrospective study based on the collection of real‐life, postmarketing surveillance data.METHODSPatients received pazopanib with the objective of treating local recurrence (n = 20), metastasis (n = 104), and both (n = 32). The patient median age was 53.8 years. The primary objective of this study was to clarify the efficacy of pazopanib for patients with STS.RESULTSThe median treatment duration was 28.7 weeks, and the average dose intensity of pazopanib was 609 mg. Adverse events occurred in 127 patients (81.4%). In addition to the main common toxicities, such as hypertension and liver disorder, pneumothorax (n = 11) and thrombocytopenia (n = 16) also were observed. The median progression‐free survival for all patients was 15.4 weeks. The median progression‐free survival for patients with leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and liposarcoma was 18.6 weeks, 16.4 weeks, 15.3 weeks, and 8 weeks, respectively. The median survival for all patients was 11.2 months. The median survival for patients with leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and liposarcoma was 20.1 months, 10.6 months, 9.5 months, and 7.3 months, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThere were apparent differences in the efficacy of pazopanib treatment among histologic types of STS. Pazopanib treatment is a new treatment option; however, adverse events like pneumothorax and thrombocytopenia, which did not occur frequently in the PALETTE study (pazopanib for metastatic soft‐tissue sarcoma), should be taken into consideration. Cancer 2016;122:1408‐16. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Personalized symptom goals and response in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Hui David , Park Minjeong , Shamieh Omar , Paiva Carlos Eduardo , Perez‐Cruz Pedro Emilio , Muckaden Mary Ann , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDImproving symptoms is a major goal of cancer medicine; however, symptom response is often based on group differences and not individualized. In the current study, the authors examined the personalized symptom goal (PSG) for 10 common symptoms in patients with advanced cancer, and identified the factors associated with PSG response.METHODSIn this prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study, patients from 5 tertiary care hospitals rated the intensity of 10 symptoms using a numeric rating scale of 0 to 10 at the time of their first clinic visit and then at a second visit 14 to 34 days later. The PSG was determined for each symptom by asking patients: “At what level would you feel comfortable with this symptom?” using the same scale of 0 to 10 for symptom intensity. PSG response was defined as symptom intensity at the time of the second visit that was less than or equal to the PSG.RESULTSAmong 728 patients, the median PSG was 1 for nausea; 2 for depression, anxiety, drowsiness, well‐being, dyspnea, and sleep; and 3 for pain, fatigue, and appetite. A greater percentage of patients achieved a PSG response at their second visit compared with their first visit (P<.05 except for drowsiness). Symptom response was associated with lower baseline symptom intensity based on PSG criterion but higher baseline symptom intensity based on the traditional minimal clinically important difference definition (P<.001 for all symptoms). In multivariable analysis, higher PSG and nationality were associated with greater PSG response.CONCLUSIONSThe PSG was ≤3 for a majority of patients. PSG response allows clinicians to tailor treatment goals while adjusting for individual differences in scale interpretation and factors associated with symptom response. Cancer 2016;122:1774‐81. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Histologic and clinical follow‐up of thyroid fine‐needle aspirates in pediatric patients
Authors: Partyka Kristen L. , Huang Eric C. , Cramer Harvey M. , Chen Shaoxiong , Wu Howard H. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDAlthough fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) has an important role in evaluating thyroid nodules in adults, there is little published information regarding its utility in the pediatric population.METHODSA retrospective analysis of thyroid FNAs for patients who were 18 years old or younger at 2 institutions was conducted. Aspirates were retrospectively categorized with the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. These diagnoses were then correlated with either final histopathology or clinical follow‐up.RESULTSA total of 186 thyroid FNA samples from 154 patients (122 females and 32 males), who ranged in age from 9 months to 18 years (median, 16 years; mean, 14 years), were identified. FNA was performed to evaluate 1 to 3 nodules for each patient. Aspirates were classified as follows: nondiagnostic (n = 27), benign (n = 114), atypia of undetermined significance (AUS; n = 21), follicular neoplasm (FN; n = 8), suspicious for malignancy (n = 3), and malignant (n = 13). Sixty‐one samples had a histologic correlation, 68 were followed clinically for ≥2 years, and 57 either had no follow‐up or were followed for <2 years. For statistical purposes, FNA diagnoses of suspicious and malignant were considered positive, and benign lesions were considered negative. The accuracy was 99%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 100%, respectively. The risk of malignancy, not including papillary microcarcinoma, was 2% for benign aspirates, 21% for AUS, 57% for FN, and 100% for suspicious or malignant aspirates.CONCLUSIONSThis analysis demonstrates that FNA is a sensitive and highly specific modality for evaluating thyroid nodules in pediatric patients. Each diagnostic category can facilitate communication and guide appropriate management. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:467–71. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Complete stability of feedback CNNs with dynamic memristors and second‐order cells
Authors: Di Marco Mauro , Forti Mauro , Pancioni Luca 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe paper considers a feedback cellular neural network (CNN) obtained by interconnecting elementary cells with an ideal capacitor and an ideal flux‐controlled memristor. It is supposed that during the analogue computation of the CNN the memristors behave as dynamic elements, so that each dynamic memristor (DM)‐CNN cell is described by a second‐order differential system in the state variables given by the capacitor voltage and the memristor flux. The proposed networks are called DM‐CNNs, that is CNNs using a dynamic (D) memristor (M). After giving a foundation to the DM‐CNN model, the paper establishes a fundamental result on complete stability, that is convergence of solutions toward equilibrium points, when the DM‐CNN has symmetric interconnections. Because of the presence of dynamic memristors, a DM‐CNN displays peculiar and basically different dynamic properties with respect to standard CNNs. First of all a DM‐CNN computes during the time evolution of the memristor fluxes, instead of the capacitor voltages as for a standard CNN. Furthermore, when a steady state is reached, the memristors keep in memory the result of the computation, that is the limiting values of the fluxes, while all memristor currents and voltages, as well as all currents, voltages, and power in the DM‐CNN vanish. Instead, for standard CNNs, currents, voltages, and power do not drop off when a steady state is reached. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A linearized and low noise CMOS mixer with B‐type amplifier‐based sub‐harmonic balun
Authors: Zhao Lv , Wang Chunhua 
Published: March 2016

SummaryA low noise and high linearity down‐conversion CMOS mixer for 2.4‐GHz wireless receiver is presented in this paper. Using a sub‐harmonic balun with a simple but effective B‐type amplifier, the local oscillator frequency required for this mixer has been reduced by half, and the input local oscillator signal could be single‐ended rather than differential, which simultaneously simplifies the design of local oscillator. A distortion and noise cancelation transconductor in association with current bleeding technique is employed to improve the noise and linearity of the entire mixer under a reduced bias current without compromising the voltage gain. Fabricated in a 0.18‐µm RF CMOS technology of Global Foundries, the mixer demonstrates a voltage gain of 15.8 dB and input‐referred third‐order intercept point of 6.6 dBm with a noise figure of 2.6 dB. It consumes 7.65 mA from a 1.0‐V supply and occupies a compact area of 0.75 × 0.71 mm2 including all test pads. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of loss of control while eating in adolescents with purging disorder
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Accurso Erin C. , O'Brien Setareh , Kara Fitzpatrick Kathleen , Lock James D. , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough many individuals with purging disorder (PD) report loss of control (LOC) eating, it is unclear whether they differ from those who do not, or from other eating disorders involving purging and/or LOC.MethodWe compared PD with LOC (PD‐LOC), PD without LOC (PD‐noLOC), bulimia nervosa (BN), and anorexia nervosa‐binge/purge subtype (AN‐B/P) on measures of eating‐related and general psychopathology in treatment‐seeking adolescents.ResultsPD‐LOC comprised ∼30% of PD diagnoses. PD‐LOC and PD‐noLOC did not differ from one another, or from BN and AN‐B/P, on most measures of psychopathology, with some exceptions. PD‐noLOC was similar to AN‐B/P (p = 0.99) and significantly different from BN on eating concerns (p < 0.001), while PD‐LOC was similar to BN, AN‐B/P, and PD‐noLOC on this measure (ps ≥ 0.06). PD‐LOC reported higher self‐esteem than BN, AN‐B/P, and PD‐noLOC (ps < 0.001).DiscussionPD was largely similar to other eating disorders characterized by purging, regardless of whether LOC eating was present. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:801–804)
Beyond carbon and nitrogen: guidelines for estimating three‐dimensional isotopic niche space
Authors: Rossman Sam , Ostrom Peggy H. , Gordon Forrest , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIsotopic niche has typically been characterized through carbon and nitrogen ratios and most modeling approaches are limited to two dimensions. Yet, other stable isotopes can provide additional power to resolve questions associated with foraging, migration, dispersal and variations in resource use. The ellipse niche model was recently generalized to n‐dimensions. We present an analogous methodology which incorporates variation across three stable dimensions to estimate the significant features of a population's isotopic niche space including: 1) niche volume (referred to as standard ellipsoid volume, SEV), 2) relative centroid location (CL), 3) shape and 4) area of overlap between multiple ellipsoids and 5) distance between two CLs. We conducted a simulation study showing the accuracy and precision of three dimensional niche models across a range of values. Importantly, the model correctly identifies differences in SEV and CL among populations, even with small sample sizes and in cases where the absolute values cannot precisely be recovered. We use these results to provide guidelines for sample size in conducting multivariate isotopic niche modeling. We demonstrate the utility of our approach with a case study of three bottlenose dolphin populations which appear to possess largely overlapping niches when analyzed with only carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Upon inclusion of sulfur, we see that the three dolphin ecotypes are in fact segregated on the basis of salinity and find the stable isotope niche of inshore bottlenose dolphins significantly larger than coastal and offshore populations.
Investigating the widespread introduction of a tropical marine fouling species
Authors: Sheets Elizabeth A. , Cohen C. Sarah , Ruiz Gregory M. , da Rocha Rosana M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLittle is known about the number and rate of introductions into terrestrial and marine tropical regions, and if introduction patterns and processes differ from temperate latitudes. Botryllid ascidians (marine invertebrate chordates) are an interesting group to study such introduction differences because several congeners have established populations across latitudes. While temperate botryllid invasions have been repeatedly highlighted, the global spread of tropical Botrylloides nigrum (Herdman, 1886) has been largely ignored. We sampled B. nigrum from 16 worldwide warm water locations, including around the Panama Canal, one of the largest shipping hubs in the world and a possible introduction corridor. Using mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ANT) markers, we discovered a single species with low genetic divergence and diversity that has established in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indo‐Pacific, and Mediterranean Oceans. The Atlantic Ocean contained the highest diversity and multilocus theta estimates and may be a source for introductions to other regions. A high frequency of one mitochondrial haplotype was detected in Pacific populations that may represent a recent introduction in this region. In comparison to temperate relatives, B. nigrum displayed lower (but similar to temperate Botrylloides violaceus) genetic divergence and diversity at both loci that may represent a more recent global spread or differences in introduction pressures in tropical regions. Additionally, chimeras (genetically distinct individuals sharing a single body) were detected in three populations by the mitochondrial locus and validated using cloning, and these individuals contained new haplotype diversity not detected in any other colonies.
Effect of Ni Incorporation into Malachite Precursors on the Catalytic Properties of the Resulting Nanostructured CuO/NiO Catalysts
Authors: Ortega Klaus Friedel , Hüttner Andreas , Heese Justus , Behrens Malte 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSynthetic nickelian malachite nanopowders (Cu1–xNix)2(OH)2CO3 with x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 were prepared by constant‐pH coprecipitation. N2 sorption isotherms confirmed a steady increase of the BET surface area with increasing Ni content for the as‐synthesized and calcined mesoporous materials. Powder XRD patterns for x ≤ 0.1 indicate the formation of single‐phase materials with an anisotropic contraction of the unit cell. This is related to the gradual decrease of the Jahn–Teller distortion in the malachite structure. An XRD‐amorphous hydroxide‐rich phase is formed for x > 0.1, which appears as spongelike regions in SEM images. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that nickel lowers the onset of thermal decomposition. Powder XRD patterns of the calcined samples evidence the formation of a tenorite structure despite the presence of Ni. Heterogeneous Fenton‐like decomposition of Bismarck Brown Y with H2O2 showed that a Cu/Ni ratio of 92:8 in the nanostructured oxide leads to the highest reaction rate constant derived from a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic rate law expression. Temperature‐programmed CO oxidation experiments revealed that pure CuO achieved the highest activity. Similar performance was observed for the binary system obtained through calcination of the precursor prepared with a Cu/Ni ratio of 96:4.
Preparation of human milk fat substitutes from basa catfish oil: Combination of enzymatic acidolysis and modeled blending
Authors: Zou Xiaoqiang , Jin Qingzhe , Guo Zheng , Xu Xuebing , Wang Xingguo 
Published: March 2016

Human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) were prepared from basa catfish oil by combination of Lipozyme RM IM‐catalyzed acidolysis and physical blending. In acidolysis step, sesame oil fatty acids were used as acyl donors to replace palmitic acid (PA) at sn‐1, 3 positions of basa catfish oil, and the enzymatic product had 23.8% PA, 48.3% PA at sn‐2 position (sn‐2 PA), and 67.7% distribution probability of sn‐2 PA among total PA (%sn‐2 PA) under the selected conditions: Enzyme load, 8 wt%; temperature, 40°C; substrate molar ratio, 1:3; water content, 3.5 wt%; and reaction time, 2 h. In blending step, with fatty acid profiles of human milk fat (HMF) as a preferable goal, selected oils were added to the enzymatic product, and the desirable formula predicted by the blending model which guaranteed the maximum addition constituted enzymatic product/flaxseed oil/sunflower oil/palm kernel oil/palm stearin/algal oil/microbial oil at a mole ratio of 1: 0.1319: 0.0353: 0.1775: 0.0674: 0.0078: 0.0128. The blending product had 21.5% PA, 39.0% sn‐2 PA, and 60.4% %sn‐2 PA, respectively. The similarity of the product to HMF was assessed by the evaluation model, and the achievement of high scores indicated it has potential for use as fat substitute in infant formulas.Practical applications: Basa catfish oil was found to contain around 30% total PA with more than 45% sn‐2 PA, which is a new alternative starting material suitable for HMFS production. Basa catfish is widely cultured in southern Vietnam in floating cages with annual production of 15 000 tonnes. Preparation of HMFSs from basa catfish oil is thus important for the development of HMFSs. This process reported preparation of HMFSs by combination of enzymatic acidolysis and modeled blending, with the attributes of lower cost and higher similarity, has great potential for industrial uses.Human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) were prepared from basa catfish oil by combination of Lipozyme RM IM‐catalyzed acidolysis and physical blending. In the acidolysis step, free fatty acids from sesame oil were used as acyl donors to replace palmitic acid (PA) at sn‐1, 3 positions of basa catfish oil. In the blending step, with the fatty acid profiles of human milk fat (HMF) as a preferable goal, selected oils were added to the enzymatic product and the desirable formula was predicted by the physical blending model which could guarantee the maximum addition. The final product had 21.5% of total PA, 39.0% of PA at sn‐2 position,and the relative content of PA at the sn‐2 position was 60.4%. High scores for the similarity of the product to HMF were obtained, which was evaluated by the established model, indicating the great potential of the product as a fat substitute for infant formulas.
Silyl Assistance in the Intramolecular Addition of Pyridyl Radicals onto Pyridines and Quinolines
Authors: Filace Fabiana , Sánchez‐Murcia Pedro A. , Sucunza David , Pérez‐Redondo Adrián , Álvarez‐Buílla Julio , Gago Federico , Burgos Carolina 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe first example of a stable acylazinium salt obtained by an intramolecular acylpyridine‐centered radical attack on azine nitrogen atoms is reported. Depending on the relative position of the bromo substituent on the attacking aminopyridine ring, it is possible to obtain selectively either the N‐attack product or a different C‐attack derivative. A rationale for this pathway selectivity was obtained from quantum mechanical calculations.