bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do functional traits syndromes covary with growth and reproductive performance in a water‐stressed population of Fagus sylvatica?
Authors: Bontemps Aurore , Davi Hendrik , Lefèvre François , Rozenberg Philippe , Oddou‐Muratorio Sylvie 
Published: March 2017

A central issue in plant evolutionary ecology is to understand how several coordinated suites of traits (i.e. traits syndrome) may be jointly selected within a single species. This study aims to describe patterns of variation and co‐variation of functional traits in a water‐stressed tree population and test their relationships with performance traits.Within a Mediterranean population of Fagus sylvatica experiencing recurrent summer droughts, we investigated the phenotypic variation of leaf unfolding phenology, leaf area (LA), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf water content (LWC), water use efficiency (WUE) estimated by carbon isotopic discrimination (d13C), twig Huber‐value (HV: the stem cross‐section divided by the leaf area distal to the stem), wood density (WDens), and leaf nitrogen content (Nmass).First, a principal component analysis revealed that two main axes structured the phenotypic variability: the first axis opposed leaf unfolding earliness and LWC to LMA and WUE; the second axis opposed LA to HV. These two axes can be interpreted as the opposition of two strategies (water economy versus water uptake) at two distinct scales (leaf for the first axis and branches for the second axis). Second, we found that LMA, LA, leaf unfolding and LWC responded differently to competition intensity, while WUE, WDens and HV did not correlate with competition. Third, we found that all studied functional traits were related to growth and/or reproductive performance traits and that these relationships were frequently non‐linear, showing strong interactions between traits.By highlighting phenotypic clustering of functional traits involved in response to water stress and by evidencing antagonistic selection favouring intermediate trait values as well as trait combinations, our study brought new insights on how natural selection operates on plant functional traits in a stressful environment.
ERP evidence for conflict in contingency learning
Authors: Whitehead Peter S. , Brewer Gene A. , Blais Chris 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe proportion congruency effect refers to the observation that the magnitude of the Stroop effect increases as the proportion of congruent trials in a block increases. Contemporary work shows that proportion effects can be driven by both context and individual items, and are referred to as context‐specific proportion congruency (CSPC) and item‐specific proportion congruency (ISPC) effects, respectively. The conflict‐modulated Hebbian learning account posits that these effects manifest from the same mechanism, while the parallel episodic processing model posits that the ISPC can occur by simple associative learning. Our prior work showed that the neural correlates of the CSPC is an N2 over frontocentral electrode sites approximately 300 ms after stimulus onset that predicts behavioral performance. There is strong consensus in the field that this N2 signal is associated with conflict detection in the medial frontal cortex. The experiment reported here assesses whether the same qualitative electrophysiological pattern of results holds for the ISPC. We find that the spatial topography of the N2 is similar but slightly delayed with a peak onset of approximately 300 ms after stimulus onset. We argue that this provides strong evidence that a single common mechanism—conflict‐modulated Hebbian learning—drives both the ISPC and CSPC.
Análise de susceptibilidade a alagamento na bacia hidrográfica do Riacho Fundo – Distrito Federal por meio de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica – SIG
Authors: Soares Neto Gervásio Barbosa , Bayma Adriana Panhol , Babinski Neto Stefano , Roig Henrique Llacer , Menezes Paulo Henrique Bretanha Junker 
Published: March 2017

Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) são considerados como uma vasta e poderosa ferramenta de suporte ao planejamento urbano. Nesse sentido, a análise de susceptibilidade a alagamentos de regiões por meio de SIG representa uma informação de alta importância para o poder público como suporte ao processo de zoneamento urbano, de delimitação de áreas de risco e para a alocação de recursos com finalidade corretiva e preventiva. Este estudo objetivou a determinação de áreas susceptíveis a alagamentos na Unidade Hidrográfica do Riacho Fundo. https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_24_6
High Redshift Quasars, Emission Lines and ‘Cloudy’
Authors: Ferland Gary J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractI describe some of the outstanding “big picture” questions in quasar research and how the development of the plasma simulation code Cloudy is being guided to answer them. QSO spectra are complex and challenge even the most sophisticated spectral codes. Particular emphasis is given to a central question - how do the properties of the central black hole and the accretion disk are manifested in the observed spectrum.
Optical Emission Lines and the X-Ray Properties of Type 1 Seyfert Galaxies
Authors: La Mura G. , Ciroi S. , Cracco V. , Ilić D. , Popović L. Č. , Rafanelli P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract In this contribution we report on the study of the optical emission lines and X-ray spectra of a sample of Type 1 AGNs, collected from the SDSS database and observed by the XMM-Newton satellite. Using different instruments onboard XMM, we identify the spectral components of the soft and hard energy bands (in the range from 0.3 keV to 10 keV). The properties of the X-ray continuum and of the Fe Kα line feature are related to the optical broad emission line profiles and intensity ratios. The resulting picture of emission, absorption and reflection processes is interpreted by means of a structural model of the broad line region, developed on the basis of independent optical and radio observations.
The Complex Broad Absorption Line Profiles in a Sample of QSO Spectra
Authors: Lyratzi E. , Danezis E. , Popović L. Č. , Antoniou A. , Dimitrijević M. S. , Stathopoulos D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMost of the Broad Absorption Lines (BALs) in quasars show very complex profiles. An idea to explain these profiles is that the dynamical systems of broad line regions are not homogeneous but consist of a number of dense regions or ion populations with different physical parameters. This approach is used to study the ultraviolet CIV resonance lines in the spectra of a group of high ionization BAL quasars, using the Gauss-Rotation model.
Spectral Monitoring of AGN: Preliminary Results for Ark 564 and Arp 102B
Authors: Shapovalova A. I. , Popović L. Č. , Ilić D. , Kovačević A. , Kovačević J. , Burenkov A. N. , Chavushyan V. H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present preliminary results of the long-term spectral monitoring of two active galactic nuclei with different broad line shapes: Ark 564 and Arp 102B. Ark 564 is a bright nearby narrow-line Syfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy with relatively narrow permitted optical emission lines and a high Fe II/Hβ ratio, while Arp 102B is a nearby broad-line radio galaxy with broad double-peaked Balmer emission lines. The spectra of Ark 564 were observed during 11-year period (1999-2009) and the spectra of Arp 102B in the 12-year period (1998-2009), with SAO 6 m and 1 m telescopes (Russia) and the OAGH 2.1 m telescope (Cananea, Mexico).
Gas Motion Mapping for Three Seyfert Galaxies
Authors: Smirnova A. , Moiseev A. , Katkov I. , Afanasiev V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe report the preliminary results of a kinematical study of three Seyfert galaxies selected from a sample of nearby active galactic nuclei observed using 3D spectroscopy. The observations were performed at the prime focus of the 6 m telescope of SAO RAS with the integral-field spectrograph MPFS and with a scanning Fabry-Pérot interferometer, installed on the multimode device SCORPIO. Based on these data, the monochromatic maps and velocity fields in different emission lines were constructed. We have detected the nuclear outflow or ionized gas motions associated with a radio jet in all the circumnuclear regions of these galaxies.
Discovery, Observational Data and the Orbit of the Centaur Asteroid 2012 DS85
Authors: Černis K. , Boyle R. P. , Laugalys V. , Wlodarczyk I. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A project for astrometric and photometric observations of asteroids at Mt. Graham Observatory with the VATT telescope is described. One of the most important results is a discovery of the Centaur 2012 DS85. Astrometric and photometric data on the asteroid are presented. The orbit of the asteroid was computed from 67 observations. Combined with its apparent brightness, the orbit gives an absolute magnitude of 9.43. Using a typical albedo value of 0.08 for Centaurs and TNOs (Moullet et al. 2011), we get a diameter of 2012 DS85 at about 61 km.
Die Odysseeparaphrase des Demosthenes Thrax
Authors: Nünlist René 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEustathius’ commentaries on Homer preserve the fragments of a paraphrase that a certain Demosthenes Thrax made of the Odyssey. This article provides a new edition of these fragments with commentary. Compared to the old edition by Gehrmann (1890), this edition produces an improved text and expands that collection by five new fragments and a new attestation of a known fragment. In addition to the usual goals of a running commentary, the present one attempts, in particular, to reconstruct the character and general principles of Demosthenes’ paraphrase, which is likely to have covered the entire Odyssey. Based on these findings, the article ends by giving a summary sketch of this remarkable work and its shadowy author.
Hydrodynamic limits of kinetic equations for polyatomic and reactive gases
Authors: Bisi M. , Spiga G. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Starting from a kinetic BGK-model for a rarefied polyatomic gas, based on a molecular structure of discrete internal energy levels, an asymptotic Chapman-Enskog procedure is developed in the asymptotic continuum limit in order to derive consistent fluid-dynamic equations for macroscopic fields at Navier-Stokes level. In this way, the model allows to treat the gas as a mixture of mono-atomic species. Explicit expressions are given not only for dynamical pressure, but also for shear stress, diffusion velocities, and heat flux. The analysis is shown to deal properly also with a mixture of reactive gases, endowed for simplicity with translational degrees of freedom only, in which frame analogous results can be achieved.
Fictitious domain method with boundary value correction using penalty-free Nitsche method
Authors: Boiveau Thomas , Burman Erik , Claus Susanne , Larson Mats G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a fictitious domain approach based on a Nitsche type method without penalty. To allow for high order approximation using piecewise affine approximation of the geometry we use a boundary value correction technique based on Taylor expansion from the approximate to the physical boundary. To ensure stability of the method a ghost penalty stabilization is considered in the boundary zone. We prove optimal error estimates in the
Personalized precision medicine in extreme preterm infants with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kylat Ranjit I. , Senguttuvan Rajan , Bader Mohammed Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough hyperglycemia is common in neonates, especially preterm infants, a diagnosis of neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is rarely made. NDM can be permanent (45%), transient (45%) or syndromic (10%). Of the 95% of identifiable mutations for NDM, methylation defects in 6q24,
Natural radioactivity-based radiological hazards in soils of the islands: a case study from Eastern Turkey
Authors: Oto Berna , Yıldız Nergiz , Şeremet Mehmet 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A comprehensive work was carried out to investigate natural radionuclides of 238U, 232Th and 40K in 73 soil samples collected from islands of Adır, Çarpanak and Akdamar on the Van Lake (Turkey) located at Eastern Turkey. Radioactivity concentrations of these radionuclides were measured by using a gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector to be from 4.11 to 77.1 Bq/kg, from 6.0 to 70.0 Bq/kg and from 133.05 to 749.77 Bq/kg with the mean values of 33.33 Bq/kg, 36.68 Bq/kg and 478.19 Bq/kg, respectively. In addition, the absorbed gamma dose rate in air (D) and annual effective dose equivalent (AED) were found to be 57.5 nGy/h and 70.5 μSv/year, respectively. We have shown that our results might be related to the geological formation type. The results were compared with some published ones in Turkey and the World, which were found within acceptable limits.
Local cluster networks and the number of valence states in aluminium–transition metal face-centred icosahedral quasicrystals
Authors: Kitahara Koichi , Kimura Kaoru 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Coordination environments of a special class of clusters which are related to the valence states in aluminium–transition metal face-centred icosahedral quasicrystals were analysed on the basis of the six-dimensional model of Katz and Gratias for the atomic sites and that of Yamamoto for the centres of the clusters. The number of the clusters per atom in the model (≈0.263) is comparable with that of Al–Cu–Ir cubic approximant crystal (≈0.258), and it indicates that the model reasonably represents the distribution of the clusters. We identified all the possible local cluster networks of short distances, which are related to the inter-cluster bonds, and evaluated the number of the valence states by assuming two possible configurations of inter-cluster bonds. The number of the valence states per atom was derived as a function of the fraction of transition-metal atoms, and the value is in good agreement with that expected from the compositions of real quasicrystals. Notably, the number of the part of the valence states which do not depend on the fraction of transition-metal atoms is numerically similar to the electron to atom ratio known as e/a, which is phenomenologically related to the stability of quasicrystals.
Synthesis of functionalised fluorinated pyridine derivatives by site-selective Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of halogenated pyridines
Authors: Sharif Muhammad , Shoaib Khurram , Ahmed Shahzad , Reimann Sebastian , Iqbal Jamshed , Hashmi Muhammad Ali , Ayub Khurshid , Yelibayeva Nazym , Ospanov Meirambek , Turmukhanova Mirgul Zh. , Abilov Zharylkasyn A. , Langer Peter 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of 2,6-dichloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine with 1 equiv of arylboronic acids resulted in site-selective formation of 2-aryl-6-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine. Due to electronic reasons, the reaction takes place at the sterically more hindered position. The selectivity was rationalised by DFT calculations. The one-pot reaction with two different arylboronic acids afforded 2,6-diaryl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine containing two different aryl substituents. The reactions proceeded smoothly in the absence of phosphine ligands. In addition, Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine with one or two equivalents of arylboronic acids were carried out.
“Where does the Indian begin and where does it end?”: Legal-Criminal Categories in Peru, 1920s-1940s, and two Bolivian Cases from the 1940s*
Authors: David Lior Ben 
Published: March 2017

Como tratar os Índios? Durante a primeira metade do Século 20, com a ascensão do indigenismo e sob a influência das ideias positivistas, esta antiga questão colonial reapareceu na América Latina no campo da legislação criminal. Uma grande parte do debate sobre o status legal dos criminosos indígenas girava em torno de quem exatamente seria o Índio que mereceria ou precisaria de um tratamento penal especial. Esta questão será examinada aqui, principalmente no contexto do Peru, onde o Código Penal de 1924 introduziu novas categorias legais de criminosos Indígenas, e também em duas propostas legislativas Bolivianas que procuraram adaptar a legislação criminal à “realidade Indígena” do seu país. As maneiras como estas categorias criminais foram interpretadas pelas cortes Peruanas, e reformuladas por diversas propostas legislativas Peruanas e Bolivianas, redesenharam as fronteiras interiores destas nações, e implicitamente redefiniram o termo “índio” em si mesmo. No contexto Peruano, elas também refletiram as mudanças do Indigenismo durante os anos 1920/1940.
CHARACTERIZATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS (A 15-YEAR SURVEY IN LENINGRAD REGION, RUSSIA)
Authors: Vyazovaya A. A. , Vetrov V. V. , Lyalina L. V. , Mokrousov I. V. , Solovieva N. S. , Zhuravlev V. Yu. , Vishnevskiy B. I. , Narvskaya O. V. 
Published: March 2017

In the late 90-ies of XX century in Russia there was an exacerbation of the epidemic situation of tuberculosis (TB) and “explosive” increase in pathogen drug resistances. Regardless of lower incidence of pulmonary TB in recent years, the number of cases caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) mycobacteria was increasing due to a reduction in the effectiveness of treatment. Among the 11 subjects of the North-West Federal District the Leningrad Region is leading in the number of ineffective chemotherapy outcomes in newly diagnosed bacteriologically confirmed TB cases. A specific feature of the current epidemic situation in the Leningrad Region is the prevalence (74.1% in 2014) of MDR strains among previously treated patients with pulmonary TB. The aim of the research was a comparative genotypic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, isolated from patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis in the Leningrad Region in 1999–2004 and 2010–2014. As defined by spoligotyping, the Beijing family genotype was prevailing among M. tuberculosis strains of previously treated patients from Leningrad region (76.5% in 2010–2014 versus 56.3% in 1999–2004). The proportion of other genotypes strains — LAM and T decreased from 16.7 and 12.5% to 10.3 and 2.9%, respectively. The proportion of multi-drug resistance in the studied subpopulations of the Beijing genotype strains remained virtually constant (86.5 and 88.9%). The extensive drug resistance was not observed among MDR Beijing strains in 1999–2004, whereas in 2010–2014 it reached 33.3%. MIRU-VNTR-typing (12 loci) of 68 M. tuberculosis strains revealed 20 profiles; of these, five were presented by clusters MIT1, MIT46, MIT16, MIT17, MIT571, comprising two or more strains. The largest clusters MIT16 (223325153533) and MIT17 (223325173533) included 25 (48.1%) and 21 (40.4%) apparently highly transmissible Beijing genotype strains. Previously, clinical significance and mainly epidemic pathways for MDR M. tuberculosis Beijing strains belonging to these MIRU-VNTR-types were proved in a number of Russian regions. These findings require in-depth analysis of the situation in the region studied.
Comparative study of serum urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein level in chronic kidney disease patients with healthy subjects
Authors: Nirwan Dileep Singh , Vyas R. K. , Jain Sunil 
Published: March 2017

Background: Chronic diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Globally, chronic kidney disease is the 12th cause of death and the 17th cause of disability, respectively. CKD is defined as kidney damage or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 months or more, irrespective of cause. The present study aimed to find out correlation between serum urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) level among patients suffering from chronic kidney disease in an urban based tertiary care hospital in Bikaner, western Rajasthan, India.Methods: This study was conducted at Sardar Patel Medical College and Associated Hospitals at Bikaner, Rajasthan from August 2015 to December 2016. There were 50 cases and 50 controls in the age groups from 10 to 60 yearrs. We took fresh samples and performed required tests following standard protocol. CRP has been done by Antigen Antibody reaction (latex method). RFT has been performed on semi-automatic analyzer.Results: Levels of serum urea and creatinine were significantly raised in CKD patients (p-value<0.005) and CRP level was raised in 52% cases. While 48% cases having normal level %), which requires further study. Renal function tests were significantly higher in cases than controls.Conclusions: Serum creatinine and urea level were significantly higher in cases as compared to control group.
The hygienic and microbial status of Sudanese banknotes, Khartoum state, Sudan
Authors: Honua Mohanad Hassan Mohamed 
Published: March 2017

Background: Banknotes are one of the items most frequently circulating from hand to hand, and microbial contaminants of banknote may be transmitted directly, through hand-to-hand contact, or indirectly, via food or other inanimate objects. This study was designed to assess the banknotes handlers hygiene and microbial (Bacteria, Yeasts and Moulds) contamination of Sudanese banknotes in Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods: Fifty samples of Sudanese banknotes were collected randomly from handlers through (March - April / 2015). These samples were microbiologically tested for quantify bacteria, identification of bacteria and fungi (Yeasts and Moulds) by using biochemical tests for bacteria and phenotypical characteristics for fungi. Results: The study showed that the mean of total viable count (CFU/cm2) of bacteria contaminated of banknotes between ( 4.5 – 8.3 ) x 105 CFU/cm2 , the study showed 12 different types of bacteria and 5 types of fungi was identified from banknotes with different percentages. From statistically analyzed of 50 questionnaires there were; 76% of handlers had knowledge about contaminated banknotes as being a source of infection; 94% educated handlers at different levels; 64% of the handlers washed hands after using a toilets and before dealing with banknotes again. Conclusions: Sudanese banknotes were contaminated with different bacteria, yeast and moulds. unhygienically handled. The contamination rate was higher in lower denominations than in higher ones.
A study of clinical profile of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Sinha Teeku , Nalli Susheel Kumar , Toppo Amardeepak 
Published: March 2017

Background: Chronic morbidity and also deaths are caused by COPD. Once affected by COPD, patients suffer many years together. Some can die before expected life expectancy. It has been estimated that due to constant exposure to risk factor and increased life expectancy, all over the world the prevalence is likely to increase. The objective of the study was to study the clinical profile of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at department of community medicine, Late Baliram Kashyap Memorial Government Medical College, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for a period of six months from September 2015 to February 2016. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Detail clinical history, physical examination to look for nutritional status, spirometry with reversibility was carried out for each and every patient.Results: Age range in our study was 26-75 years. Mean age in COPD patients was 57.13±11.149 years and that of control group was 54.60±13.074 years with male to female ratio 9.71:1 in COPD case and 11.5:1 in control group. Most common symptom in COPD patient was SOB followed by cough, expectoration, and edema and chest pain. mMRC grading in COPD are higher than control group in our study. Smoking in pack year was significantly higher in COPD cases as 69.70± 36.164 and in control group it was 13.84±7.867.Conclusions: COPD was found to be more common in males. Cough was the most common presenting symptom. Smoking was significantly associated with occurrence of COPD.