bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling pathways to depression in fibromyalgia, the role of perseverative negative thinking and negative affect
Authors: Pinto A.M. , Costa C. , Pereira A.T. , Marques M. , Pereira da Silva J.A. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSeveral studies have demonstrated a strong link between fibromyalgia, negative affect (NA) and depression. However, it remains unclear why some fibromyalgia patients get depressed while others do not and, primarily, which mechanisms account for this difference. We hypothesize that, besides clinical features, the engagement in dysfunctional strategies like perseverative negative thinking (PNT) followed by an amplification of NA levels may increase the risk of fibromyalgia patients experiencing depressive symptoms.Objective/AimsTo explore the serial mediator effect of PNT and NA on the relationship between fibromyalgia symptoms and depressive symptoms.MethodsHundred and three women with fibromyalgia (mean age 47.32 ± 10.63) completed the Portuguese version of the Revised-Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire, Profile of Mood States and Beck Depression Inventory-II. The association between the variables was investigated via Pearson correlations and serial multiple mediation.ResultsThe estimated model was significant [F (3.86) = 57.318, P < .001] explaining 66.66% of depressive symptoms variance. The total effect of fibromyalgia symptoms on depressive symptoms was of .4998 (SE = 0.0795, P < 0.001; CI > 0.3417 and < 0.6578), with a significant direct effect of 0.1911 (SE = 0.0653; CI > 0.0614 and < 0.3209). The total indirect effects were of 0.3086 (SE = 0.0619; CI > 0.2033 < 0.4458). Three significant specific indirect effects were found.ConclusionThe effect of fibromyalgia symptoms on depressive symptoms is partially operated through cognitive interference/unproductiveness, which in turn influences NA levels. Such findings highlight the crucial role of these constructs in the relationship between fibromyalgia symptoms and depressive symptoms and the urge to address them when treating individuals reporting greater fibromyalgia symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Big Five Inventory (BFI): Reliability and validity of its Arabic translation in non clinical sample
Authors: Alansari B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionOne of the most researched theories of personality is the Five Factor Model, frequently evaluated through the Big Five Inventory 44-item BFI. Although there is an Arabic version, its psychometrical properties in Kuwaiti population are yet unknown.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BFI and its factorial structure in an Arabic non-clinical sample.MethodsThe participants were 685 first year undergraduate Kuwaitis: 305 males mean age = 22.77 ± 4.57 and 380 females; mean age = 19.61 ± 2.59). The Arabic version of BFI (John and Srivastava, 1999) was administered to participants. The internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity of the BFI with PFQ-C (Barbaranelli, Caprara, Robasca, and Pastorelli, 2003) were assessed.ResultsInternal consistency was satisfactory for the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness subscales respectively (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83, 0.82, 0.79, 0.82, 0.90) for males and (Cronbach's alpha = 0.74, 0.83, 0.85, 0.81, 0.92) for females. The results revealed significant gender differences where the males obtained a higher score than females on extraversion and conscientiousness, while females obtained a higher score than males on neuroticism. Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that a five-component solution explains 42.27% of the total variance for males and 41.47% for females. The convergent correlations in sample between the BFI and PFQ-C (mean r = 54) for validity coefficients.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the BFI is a brief measure of the Big Five personality traits and it provides satisfactory reliable and valid data.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Perseverative negative thinking prospectively mediates the relationship between perfectionism and psychological distress
Authors: Casimiro P. , Pinto A.M. , Pereira A.T. , Quaresma V. , Soares M.J. , Amaral A.P. , Maia B. , Marques M. , Nogueira V. , Roque C. , Madeira N. , Bajouco M. , Morais S. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionWe have recently found that Perfectionism and Perseverative Negative are both correlates of psychological distress/PD and that PNT mediates the relationship between perfectionism and PD (Macedo et al., 2015).ObjectivesTo investigate if perfectionism and PNT are prospectively associated to PD and if PNT is a longitudinal mediator between perfectionism and PD, controlling for perceived stress and gender.MethodsA total of 227 university students (80.1% girls) filled in the Portuguese validated versions of Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ), Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (MPCI), Profile of Mood States and Perceived Stress Scale, with an additional item to evaluate perceived social support/PSS at T0 and after approximately one year (T1) (Mean months = 12.77 ± 1.137). Only variables significantly correlated with the outcomes (Tension/Anxiety at T1 and Depression at T1) were entered in the conditional process analysis. The moderating role of perceived support on the link between Concern over Mistakes (MPCI) and psychological distress and between PTQ total score and psychological distress (anxiety and depression separately) was examined via conditional process analyses.ResultsThe estimated models were significant (F = 4.257, P = .002; F = 6.476, P < .001) explaining 15.9% of tension-anxiety and 25.5% of depression variance. A significant conditional indirect effect of PTQ total score on psychological distress at average and higher levels of perceived support was found, in both models (anxiety and depression). On the contrary, the two models showed a non-significant conditional direct effect of Concern over Mistakes on psychological distress only at any level of perceived support.ConclusionPNT prospectively mediates the relationship between negative perfectionism and PD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effects of different types of instruction on the Scores of PID-5 profile
Authors: Riegel K. , Preiss M. , Harsa P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSection III of 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes a hybrid model of personality pathology, in which dimensional personality traits (PTs) are used to derive one of six categorical Personality Disorder (PD) diagnoses. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) has been developed to assess PTs within this new system.ObjectivesPT is a tendency to feel, perceive, behave, and think in relatively consistent ways across time and situations. PD diagnosis is generally stated if a pattern of maladaptive PTs persists at least 5 years. Nevertheless, the PID-5 instruction does not cover duration of symptoms.AimsWe have explored the effect of two different types of instructions, in which duration of symptoms is or is not explicitly mentioned, on the PID-5 scores. Moreover, we have asked whether the scores differ in psychiatric patients and healthy individuals.MethodsDifferences between original and modified instructions of the Czech PID-5 version have been evaluated in a group of 62 psychiatric patients and 38 healthy controls; each respondent has been administered both instruction types in random sequence. ANOVA mixed design has been used to test the relation between groups and different sequence of administration.ResultsWe have found no consistent differences in PID-5 scores using the different types of instruction described above.ConclusionsIn our sample, PID-5 seems to reflect strong beliefs of a subject regardless of symptoms’ duration and could be reliably used with both types of instruction. The PID-5 represents an appropriate instrument for the assessment of maladaptive PTs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychotic experiences, alcohol–cannabis abuse, stressful events and familial risk is associated with onset of clinical psychosis: Evidence from a 6-year longitudinal population-based cohort
Authors: Kirli U. , Binbay T. , Elbi H. , Kayahan B. , van Os J. , Onay H. , Ozkınay F. , Gokcelli D.K. , Alptekin K. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBoth clinical and subclinical psychosis is probably a consequence of underlying genetic and environmental interactions.ObjectivesDefining differential impact of environmental/familial risk factors and psychotic experiences across the onset of clinical psychosis.AimsTo assess mental health outcomes in a 6-year follow-up of a representative general population sample with a special focus on extended psychosis phenotype.MethodsAddresses were contacted in multistage clustered area probability sampling frame covering 9 districts and 302 neighbourhoods (n: 4011) at baseline (T1) and 6 years after (n: 2142) (T2). Psychotic experiences were screened with Composite International Diagnostic Interview and probable cases were re-interviewed with SCID-I. Relations were tested using logistic regression models.ResultsOf subclinical psychotic symptoms at baseline, 6.4% transitioned to clinical psychosis; 44.4% persisted, 90.2% transitioned to any DSM disorder. Of newly onset clinical psychosis at T2, 62.8% had subclinical psychotic expressions at baseline. The risk of developing clinical psychosis was greater in those with baseline subclinical psychotic experiences, alcohol–cannabis abuse, stressful-forensic event history and family history of mental disorders. Most of risk factors associated with psychosis proneness at T1 were also associated with clinical psychotic outcome at T2 (Table 1).ConclusionsPsychotic experiences takes attention for the risk to develop psychosis due to underlying genetic and environmental interactions; also may be an important risk factor to develop any mental disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The frequency, type and impact of appearance comparisons on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviours in women's daily lives
Authors: Drutschinin K. , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. , De Paoli T. , Lewis V. , Krug I. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of appearance comparison behaviours, trait body dissatisfaction and eating pathology on women's state body dissatisfaction and engagement in disordered eating behaviours in daily life.MethodUsing ecological sampling method (ESM), 116 women residing in Australia, completed a baseline questionnaire containing the trait-based measures, before being signalled by an iPhone app six times daily, for seven days, to self-report on their recent appearance comparison behaviours, current state body dissatisfaction and recent disordered eating behaviours.ResultsMulti-level modelling revealed that upward comparisons (comparisons against more attractive individuals) elicited increases in state body dissatisfaction (β = 0.89, P < .001) and disordered eating behaviours (β = 0.29, P = .002). Contrastingly, downward comparisons (comparisons against less attractive individuals) elicited decreases in state body dissatisfaction (β = –0.31, P = .048) and, unexpectedly, increases in disordered eating behaviours (β = 0.46, P < .01). The frequency of appearance comparison engagement, regardless of whether it was upward or downward comparisons, was also predictive of increased disordered eating behaviours (β = 0.12, P < .001). In addition, eating pathology and trait body dissatisfaction were directly associated with higher state body dissatisfaction, and increased in disordered eating behaviours (all P < .001).ConclusionThese findings highlight the general negative impact that appearance comparisons have on fluctuating states of body dissatisfaction and eating pathology, as well as illustrating how trait characteristics partially account for this volatility. These findings provide further information that may be used to inform eating disorder prevention and intervention efforts.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sensory processing disorders, duration of current episode, and severity of side effects in major affective and anxiety disorders
Authors: Serafini G. , Engel-Yeger B. , Vazquez G.H. , Pompili M. , Amore M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionLonger duration of untreated illness, longer duration of current episode, and severity of medication side effects may negatively influence the psychosocial functioning in major affective and anxiety disorders. Studies also suggested the involvement of sensory perception in emotional and psychopathological processes.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the nature of the association between duration of untreated illness, duration of current episode, and severity of medication side effects.AimsThe study is aimed to examine the relationship between sensory processing disorders (SPD), duration of untreated illness, duration of current illness episode, and the severity of side effects related to psychoactive medications.MethodsThe sample included 178 participants with an age ranging from 17 to 85 years (mean = 53.84 ± 15.55); psychiatric diagnoses were as follow: unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) (50%), bipolar disorder (BD) (33.7%), and anxiety disorders (16.3%). subjects completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU), and Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) questionnaire.ResultsLonger duration of current episode correlated with greater registration of sensory input and lower avoidance from sensory input among unipolar patients, lower registration of sensory input, and higher tendency for sensory sensitivity/sensation avoidance among bipolar participants. In addition? longer duration of current episode correlated with lower sensory sensitivity/avoidance among anxiety participants, respectively. Mean UKU total scores were associated with lower sensory sensitivity among bipolar individuals as well.ConclusionsSPD expressed in either hypo-/hypersensitivity may be used to clinically characterize subjects with major affective and anxiety disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Hematological safety of olanzapine
Authors: Alageel A. , Gaffas E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionOlanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication, previously expected to be safe in terms of hematological side effects and an alternative choice to clozapine in patients who develop hematotoxicities. However, since olanzapine was introduced to the market, a lot of cases reports have been published revealing it could cause hematoxicity. Some of them indicate that olanzapine induces agranulocytosis. Because of that, it raises the concerns about hematological safety of olanzapine.ObjectiveTo date, no review discusses this topic specifically, so we conducted a systemic review to explore and address this issue.MethodsWe searched Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid and Medline databases for articles between 1998 and 2015 that include keywords olanzapine, leukopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis.ResultsA total of 38 publications were identified. The case reports included patients aged 16 to 83 years. Doses ranged from 2.5 to 30 mg. After starting treatment, onset of hematotoxicity varied from the first day to 2–3 years, but most commonly within the first month. Also, olanzapine could induce leukopenia in patients who have never developed drug-related leukopenia.ConclusionAmong antipsychotic medications, olanzapine is the third leading cause of neutropenia and the second leading cause of atypical antipsychotic medication. Because of the small body of literature regarding the hematotoxic side effects of olanzapine, we encourage further research to understand the mechanism by which olanzapine causes granulocytopenia. The identification of risk factors could facilitate the development of new surveillance guidelines in patients taking olanzapine. We recommend that the guidelines of using and monitoring olanzapine need to be reconsidered.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists for treatment-resistant depression: A meta-analysis
Authors: Bahk W.M. , Woo Y.S. , Seo H.J. , Yoon B.H. , Jon D.I. , Kwon Y.J. , Lee K.H. , Min K.J. , Lee S.Y. , Wang H.R. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveEmerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggests a potential role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the pathophysiology of depression. Several clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists in treatment-resistant depression. We performed this meta-analysis to investigate whether nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists significantly improve symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder who have an inadequate response to standard antidepressant therapy.MethodsA comprehensive literature search identified 6 randomized controlled trials. These 6 trials, which included 2067 participants, were pooled for this meta-analysis using a random-effects model.ResultsNicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists failed to show superior efficacy compared to placebo in terms of the mean change in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score [mean difference = –0.12 (95% CI = –0.96 to 0.71); response rate (risk ratio [RR] = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.83 to 1.02)); and remission rate [RR] = 1.01 (95% CI= 0.83 to 1.23)].ConclusionThis meta-analysis failed to confirm preliminary positive evidence for the efficacy of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists in treatment-resistant depression. Further studies investigating the efficacy of various alternative treatment strategies for treatment-resistant depression will help clinicians to better understand and choose better treatment options for these populations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sexual side effects in patients treated with desvenlafaxine: An observational study in daily practice
Authors: Navarro B. , Perez L. , Erkoreka L. , Arroita A. , Perez I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSexual function is important for patients’ well-being but it is a common side effect of SSRI and SNRI, included desvenlafaxine.Objectives and aimsEvaluate incidence and characteristics of sexual dysfunction caused by desvenlafaxine in the clinical practice.MethodsOne hundred and thirty-three patients with recently introduced desvenlafaxine treatment are recruited from Barakldo and Uribe-Kosta Mental Health Centres in Biscay, Spain. UKU scale is administered to measure sexual side effects. Statistical analysis is performed using SPSS v.22.ResultsSexual dysfunction is observed in 5 patients (3.7%) at 50 and 100 mg/d (2 and 3 patients, respectively) desvenlafaxine doses. Two patients (1.5%) have experimented more than one sexual side effect. Regarding gender differences, the most frequent sexual dysfunctions are diminished sexual desire (5.5%) and erectile dysfunction (5.5%) in men and orgasmic dysfunction (1.2%) in women (P-values are 0.034; 0.034 and 0.408, respectively). Discontinuation is decided in 60% of patients.ConclusionsDesvenlafaxine has a well-tolerated sexual side effect profile in general population. There are some gender-related differences both in presentation and perception, as it has been described with other drugs, and this should be taken into account by prescriptors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Validation of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–DASS-21 in a community sample of Portuguese pregnant women
Authors: Xavier S. , Bento E. , Azevedo J. , Marques M. , Soares M.J. , Freitas V. , Mota D. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe Depressive Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21; Antony et al., 1998) had been widely used to measure psychological distress among clinical and non-clinical populations, including in Portugal (Pais-Ribeiro et al., 2004). Although DASS-21 has been considered useful to evaluate psychological distress in the perinatal period, studies reporting on its psychometrics are scarce (Brunton et al., 2015).ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of the DASS-21 in a Portuguese sample of pregnant women.MethodsFour hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women (mean age: 32.56 ± 4.785 years) in their second trimester of pregnancy (17.34 ± 4.790 weeks of gestation) completed the Portuguese versions of DASS-21 and of Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS-24; Pereira et al., 2013).ResultsThe DASS-21 Cronbach's alpha was “very good” (a = 0.92). Following the Kaiser and the Cattel Scree Plot criteria, two factorial structures were explored. Three factors structure (explained variance/EV = 57.18%): F1-stress (included 8 items; α = 0.89); F2-Anxiety (7 items; α = 0.79); F3-Depression (6 items; α = 0.82). In the two factors structure (EV = 50.96), the Stress and Anxiety items load in the same factor (F1: 15 items; α = 0.91) and the F2 is composed of the Depression items (F2: 6 items; α = 0.82). Pearson correlations between DASS-21 total and dimensional scores and the PDSS-24 scores were all significant, positive and moderate to high (@.50).ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of DASS-21 has good reliability, construct and concurrent validity when used with pregnant women. Its factorial structure significantly overlaps with the original, with only one item loading in another factor. DASS-21 could be very useful in diverse settings in the perinatal period.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
First-generation versus second-generation antipsychotic drugs for depression in schizophrenia
Authors: Corbo M. , Acciavatti T. , Marini S. , Cinosi E. , Di Tizio L. , Di Caprio L. , Viceconte D. , Matteo L. , Giuseppe D.I. , Martinotti G. , Di Giannantonio M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionA certain degree of depressive symptoms is common in schizophrenic patients. The assessment and treatment of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia is clinically challenging.ObjectivesWe conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the depressive dimension of schizophrenic patients.AimsThe aim was to evaluate the effect of pharmacotherapy on depressive symptomatology.MethodsThirty-four outpatients (18-65 years old) with stable schizophrenia in monotherapy with FGAs or SGAs. We evaluated: depressive symptoms with Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia; positive and negative symptoms (with Positive and Negative Symptom Scale); neurocognition (with Matrics Cognitive Consensus Battery); social cognition (with Facial Emotional Identification Test); social functioning (with Personal and Social Performance Scale and with UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment). Collected data underwent statistical analyses.ResultsA SGAs therapy was associated with: lower depressive symptoms (mean SGAs group = 4.0; mean FGAs group = 7.86, P < 0.05); lower mean positive symptoms (mean SGAs group = 12.65; mean FGAs group = 17.43, P < 0.05); lower negative symptoms (mean SGAs group = 21.35; mean FGAs group = 29.07, P < 0.05); lower scores on the PANSS-total (mean SGAs group = 71.05; mean FGAs group = 91.86, P < 0.01). After correction for multiple variables, the SGAs group still had significantly lower values towards the FGAs group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study support the notion that switch from a FGA to a SGA could be a relatively simple first-step for the treatment of this condition. Atypical antipsychotics might exercise antidepressant effects with different potential mechanism including: remission of a FGA-induced depression and action on of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine [other than postsynaptic D2], and α1-noradrenergic receptor sites.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.