bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Orthophosphates in Water by Carbonaceus of Biological Origin as Adsorbent
Authors: Tadeu Gomes Vianna Marco , Marques Marcia 
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorption capacity calcareous skeleton of animal species (CSAS) in powder form compared to the commercial activated carbon (CAC) powder, as adsorbent for orthophosphates (P) removal from water. The experimental design selected was a factorial design with central composite rotational design (CCRD). In order to optimize the sorption process, a number of independent variables and levels were selected including: adsorption time; adsorbent/adsorbate ratio; pH and temperature. The orthophosphate (P) quantification was performed using the 4500-P E method. The P removal capacity with CAC powder varied from 0.15 to 4.86 mg/L. The maximum removal occurred at 1088 min, initial pH of 7.5, adsorbent/adsorbate ratio of 130, and temperature of 27 ºC. With the CSAS, the phosphorus removal varied from 0.70 to 6.11 mg/L. The maximum removal occurred at 735 min, with initial pH of 9.0, adsorbent/adsorbate ratio of 40 and temperature of 32 ºC. The conclusion is that the CSAS powder can become an interesting alternative as adsorbent material, both from economic and technical viewpoints in several applications, such as treatment of urban and industrial wastewaters and phosphorus removal/ retention to prevent eutrophication of recipient water bodies. Additionally, the final product (phosphorus-adsorbed CSAS powder) can be used as fertilizer and as soil pH adjustment.
International Conference "Ecology. Human. Society"
Authors: Benatov Daniel 
Published: October 2017

Our conference is the first project of Student Science Association, which was restored in our University in 1998. The main peculiarity of the conference is the student organizing committee. The conference was attended by representatives of Russia, Belarus, Sweden, Poland, Bulgaria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Georgia, Iran, not mentioning hundreds of Ukrainian participants. We’re happy with the fact that our conference allows students to discover new information, which they wouldn’t find in training courses manuals; contrariwise businesses and organizations can get direct access to young and qualified staff. We believe that events like our conference are useful for the young scientists and also for the public authorities and businesses.
Conference "Ecology. Human. Society "is a part of feedback between universities and market participants. The conference has overgrown limits of being simple educational process element. Today, it is a serious recruiting resource for state institutions and businesses - an important part of a mutually beneficial dialogue.
Liability Assessments and Criminal Responsibility in Norwegian Legal History
Authors: Bernssen Siri Elisabeth 
Published: October 2017

The general content of the assessment of intent was explicitly clarified for the first time in a Norwegian criminal code when the 2005 Criminal Code and its §22 came into force on 1 October 2015. Until the Criminal Code of 1902, the subjective requirement for liability was regulated solely in individual regulations, and even though intent pursuant to §40 in this Code was established as a general main rule, it was still up to the courts to report on the content of the judgement. Thus it is clear that development towards a more and more defined and nuanced study of criminal liability took place gradually. This article goes even further back in time and looks at how the discussion of liability and responsibility changed between 1642 and 1799, with particular emphasis on intent and related criteria. This will be achieved by analysing 32 cases of infanticide registered with the Hordaland district court (bygdeting), which at this time was the first instance in the legal system.
El proceso de Justicia Transicional en Uruguay
Authors: Galán Palermo Pablo 
Published: October 2017

El presente trabajo pretende dar una respuesta fundamentada al cuestionamiento relacionado con los crímenes acaecidos en el momento que termina un conflicto armado y mediante la forma de la justicia de transición se retoma el camino a la paz; esto analizando en el entorno de Uruguay.
El tema de justicia de transición es muy amplio porque pretende reparar a las víctimas y dar respuesta a muchas interrogantes sobre la verdad y la justicia, con el objetivo añadido de luchar contra la impunidad y devolver las bases para la pacífica convivencia en sociedad.
Los procesos de JT, que deambulan entre la política real y los principios de justicia, tienen que resolver: ¿Cómo responder a las más graves injusticias manteniendo un sesgo de justicia en la reacción?
Los modelos de transición, aunque puedan estar sujetos al control de cortes internacionales de Derechos Humanos, no pueden ser estandarizados, porque ellos varían y dependen de las características de una sociedad y de muchas variables que pueden determinar que en situaciones similares se puedan adoptar modelos de transición opuestos.
No existe un sistema de justicia de transición aplicable como modelo de solución para todos los casos. El tipo de justicia de transición puede variar con el tiempo, y para ello guarda estrecha relación con las relaciones de fuerza entre la actual y la antigua elite en el poder.
Sin embargo, la justicia de transición no es solo un hecho local, porque ella está sometida a controles de órganos internacionales encargados de la protección de los Derechos Humanos como la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y órganos internacionales como la Corte Penal Internacional encargados de la persecución penal de algunos crímenes considerados de especial gravedad (Olasolo / Galain, 2013, pp. 1261-1314).
Por eso, una sociedad no es totalmente libre para adoptar un modelo basado en el olvido y ausencia de investigación y castigo, por ejemplo, mediante una amnistía general e irrestricta; y por eso, algunos principios adquieren validez universal, como por ejemplo, el deber de reparación de las víctimas, el deber de investigar para conocer lo sucedido (verdad) y el deberde memoria (Reyes Mate, 2011).
Si analizamos el caso uruguayo, podemos advertir que la justicia de transición no es una instancia exclusivamente local o que pueda ser resuelta por los ciudadanos según principios democráticos de resolución de conflictos graves, sino que ella se enmarca en diversos procesos o procedimientos que permanecen ligados a determinadas obligaciones estatales con la comunidad internacional y a la agenda de los Derechos Humanos.
El genocidio de Guatemala y la responsabilidad del mando
Authors: Sanford Victoria 
Published: October 2017

En este documento demuestro como las masacres selectivas como estrategia de terror de Estado cambiaron sistemáticamente a una campaña tripartita del genocidio que duró diez años contra la población Maya. Proveo evidencia para probar:
(1) Que cada campaña genocida que he identificado es una clara violación a la Convenció sobre el Genocidio de Naciones Unidas;
(2) que cada una de estas campañas fue diseñada y realizada con la intención del genocidio;
(3) que el Ejército de Guatemala no fue único, sino más bien cae dentro del patrón de genocidio en que los autores intelectuales y quienes perpetraron el genocidio usaron claves y expresiones como “comunistas arrasados”, para retraerse y neutralizar sus actividades genocidas, en su empeño por “hacer de ellas aceptables al interior del país y en el extranjero”(Andreopoulos, 1994, pp. 14-15); y
(4) que los ex-dictadores Romeo Lucas García y Efraín Ríos Montt, en connivencia con el general Héctor Gramajo, y el general Héctor Mario López Fuentes fueron los autores intelectuales de las masacres contra el pueblo Maya, que ellos diseñaron, ejecutaron y supervisaron con la intención de cometer genocidio;
(5) que en todo momento, los generales y oficiales tuvieron responsabilidad de mando y control de la jerarquía vertical de las fuerzas armadas de Guatemala
(6) que el general Efraín Ríos Montt utilizaba la cadena de mando para transmitir ordenes de tortura, asesinato, masacres y otras violaciones de los Derechos Humanos; y
(7) y el hecho de que él no usó los mecanismos como tribunales y procedimientos militares para sancionar oficiales y soldados por violaciones de Derechos Humanos, el general Ríos Montt proporcionó a los oficiales del ejército guatemalteco y a las tropas una estructura organizada y apoyo armado para ejecutar la doctrina de seguridad nacional que resultó en el genocidio.
La protección constitucional de las víctimas en Colombia, desde la óptica del derecho disciplinario, con énfasis en la garantía consagrada en la ley 1448 de 2011
Authors: Forero Salcedo José Rory 
Published: October 2017

A partir de la Ley 1448 del 10 de junio de 2011, “Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de tierras en Colombia”, se consagró el Régimen Disciplinario de los funcionarios públicos frente a las víctimas, estableciendo un catálogo de los deberes, de las faltas disciplinarias gravísimas y de la responsabilidad de los funcionarios que acarrea tal incumplimiento.
En el Capítulo V, establece: Artículo 178. Deberes de los funcionarios públicos; en cuanto al catálogo de faltas disciplinarias se establece el artículo 179. Faltas disciplinarias y finalmente, respecto de la responsabilidad de funcionarios por el incumplimiento preceptúa el artículo 180 la responsabilidad de funcionarios.
La presente ponencia busca generar algunas reflexiones, acerca de la protección de orden constitucional y de orden legal, de las víctimas en Colombia, con un enfoque particular, el Derecho Disciplinario, en el marco de los deberes y faltas disciplinarias gravísimas en que pueden incurrir los funcionarios públicos respecto de las víctimas
Prevalence of fibroids: a study in a semiurban area in Telangana, India
Authors: Srilatha Juvvadi , Malathi Verabelly 
Published: October 2017

Background: Uterine fibroids, also known as Leiomyoma, are the most common benign neoplasm in the female genital tract and originate from the myometrium´s smooth muscle. Although the uterine fibroids are diagnosed frequently, the prevalence of it in the local populations is unknown. Therefore, this study was done to observe the prevalence of the fibroids in our geographic area.Methods: 4487 women aged between 18-50 years who came to our gynec OPD out of which 522 were positive for the presence of fibroids, were included into the study. Ultrasound examination was done for all the patients. During this examination, the uterine dimensions and the structure were assessed. The number of the fibroids were counted and noted. Biopsy sample was taken from the fibroids and sent to pathology lab for further histological examination.Results: Out of the 4487 patients included into the study, 11.6% had fibroids. The predominant age group which was positive the presence of fiberoids was 40-59 years. 59.8% of them were married while 40.2% were either unmarried or divorced or widowed. The body mass index for most of them was within the normal range (60.3%), while some were slightly overweight. The most common cause of the patients to seek medical advice was menstrual disorder (37.7%) which included heavy, irregular or no periods.Conclusions: Fibroids was significantly associated with age, married marital status, overweight, pregnancy, menopause, childbirth and the presence of menorrhagia. Early detection would help in early management and thereby reduce the morbidity.
Constipation in children: incidence, causes in relation to diet pattern and psychosocial aspects
Authors: Kondapalli Chandra Sekhar , Gullapalli Sagari 
Published: October 2017

Background: The present study was conducted to study the incidence of constipation in children attending the paediatric Op and also to know the bowel pattern in constipated children and normal children with respect to food habits and regarding psychosocial aspect of toileting.Methods: A study was done at Katuri Medical College and Hospital in 654 children with age group of 2-12yr of either sex. Children who fulfilled the ROME III criteria for constipation were analysed for demographic profile, socio-economic status, psychosocial aspects and dietary habits affecting bowel pattern. Data was collected and recorded from the parents in pre-fixed proforma. Stool frequency and type of stool passed was recorded for a week, with Bristol stool chart. Children in the study group without constipation were analyzed in similar pattern.Results: A total of 654 children were analysed, out of which 202 children fulfilled the ROME III criteria for functional constipation. The prevalence of functional constipation was noted in 30.8% with female preponderance and incidence is more in the age group of2-4 years. In children without constipation, the average number of stools passed per day is 1.342 and the predominant type of stool is Type iv.Conclusions: Constipation continues to be a problem, mostly under recognised in older population. Psychosocial factors had a significant effect on functional constipation. Skipping breakfast, early toilet practising, low intake of vegetables and fruits were other factors leading to constipation.
Pneumothorax in the cases of silicosis in southern part of Rajasthan
Authors: Sharma Rishi K. , Luhadia Atul , Luhadia Shanti K. , Mathur Yash , Pandya Harshil , Methe Prithviraj 
Published: October 2017

Background: Silicosis is an occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of dust containing crystalline silica particles of size 0.5-5 microns in diameter. It commonly occurs in workers involved in quarrying, mining, sandblasting, tunneling, foundry work and ceramics. Pneumothorax is one of the complications of silicosis. The occurrence of pneumothorax in a patient with silicosis is a rare event, but it may be fatal. The incidence of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) in silicosis as such is not known. This study aims to report the cases of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in patients of silicosis in Southern part of Rajasthan.Methods: 50 patients of silicosis established by historical, clinical evaluation and radiological evidence with increased dyspnoea were included in the study. In all patients Chest X ray was done immediately.Results: Among 50 patients of silicosis with increased dyspnoea, Chest X ray showed pneumothorax in 20 patients of which 4 had bilateral pneumothorax, 7 had right pneumothorax and 9 had left pneumothorax. The mean duration of exposure to silica particles was 10 years (5 to 15 years). All the patients had various degrees of dyspnoea and chest pain. Tube thoracostomy was performed in 15 patients while 5 patients were managed conservatively with oxygen and bronchodilators.Conclusions: Our study showed an increased incidence of secondary pneumothorax in silicosis patients. The occurrence of pneumothorax, though rare in silicosis is a potentially life-threatening complication and may cause serious morbidity and mortality. The patients of silicosis who develop sudden onset of dyspnoea should be promptly investigated for this complication.
Morphometric analysis of human cricoid cartilage: a cadaveric study
Authors: Anand Viswanathan , Sharma Harikesh , Sethi Ashwani , Sahoo Satyanjaya 
Published: October 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Cricoid cartilage is the only complete ring that surrounds the airway completely. Although it is smaller than thyroid cartilage and does not house any important structures like the thyroid cartilage (vocal folds), it forms an important cog in the upper airway. Renewed interest in subglottic stenosis recently has underscored the importance of detailed knowledge of cricoid cartilage. This study aims to augment the meagre information available on this important part of upper airway. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Study design was on morphometric analysis and the setting was at tertiary health care centre. <span lang="EN-IN">Thirty one adult human cadaveric larynges were obtained for this study. Using an electronic vernier caliper, different morphometric parameters of all the cricoid cartilages were noted down in a predesigned proforma in standard computer office software. The data thus obtained was collated and compared with existing literature. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The average inner transverse diameter (F: 15.05±1.02 mm; M: 17.52±2.64 mm) is greater than the average inner antero-posterior diameter (F: 12.71±0.45 mm; M: 14.11±2.55 mm). The average height of cricoid arch was F: 6.50±0.68 mm; M: 7.69±0.63 mm and the average height of cricoid lamina was F: 18.38±0.61 mm; M: 21.17±2.31 mm. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Inter specimen<strong> </strong>disparity was noted in the various dimensions measured in the cricoid cartilages. The average transverse diameter was greater than the average antero-posterior diameter giving the cartilage an ovoid shape in nearly all specimens. Morphometrical data of the cricoid cartilage may be very useful in endotracheal intubation, laryngeal microsurgery and laryngeal framework surgery. These parameters can be helpful in evaluation of subglottic stenosis and its surgical repair.</span></p><p> </p>
PREVALÊNCIA DE EVENTOS ADVERSOS ENTRE IDOSOS INTERNADOS EM UNIDADE DE CLÍNICA CIRÚRGICA
Authors: Teixeira Cristiane Chagas , Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz , Paranaguá Thatianny Tanferri de Brito , Pagotto Valéria 
Published: October 2017

<p class="Default">Objetivo:<strong> </strong>estimar a prevalência, os tipos e os danos decorrentes de eventos adversos ocorridos entre idosos internados na clínica cirúrgica de um hospital de ensino da região Centro-Oeste. Método:<strong> </strong>estudo transversal, retrospectivo, conduzido com 260 internações ocorridas entre julho e dezembro de 2013, na clínica cirúrgica de um hospital de ensino da região Centro-Oeste. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre janeiro e abril de 2014, tendo os prontuários como fonte de dados. Resultados:<strong> </strong>estimou-se prevalência de 58,8% de eventos adversos. Identificaram-se 531 registros, correspondendo a 3,5 eventos por internação exposta. A dor aguda não resolvida foi predominante, 73,1% dos eventos adversos resultaram em dano leve e 0,9% levaram a óbito. Conclusão:<strong> </strong>a alta prevalência reflete a necessidade de especialização das práticas de saúde para garantir a segurança de uma população vulnerável à ocorrência de eventos adversos, quando comparada a outros ciclos de vida no processo do cuidar.</p><p>Descritores:<strong> </strong>Assistência a Idosos; Doença Iatrogênica; Segurança do Paciente. </p>
Sexualidade no interior conservador brasileiro: uma experiência de educação para a diversidade sexual e de gênero em Foz do Iguaçu
Authors: Arisi Barbara M. , Ávila Simone , Sala Arianna 
Published: October 2017

Assistimos em nível internacional ao auge de políticas e movimentos conservadores com ênfase na exaltação dos papéis dos gêneros tradicionais e no combate à assim chamada “ideologia de gênero” ao mesmo tempo em que parece ganhar força o chamado à defesa das identidades nacionais e das fronteiras, das famílias tradicionais, e da vida do nascituro em contra do aborto. Este artigo trata da experiência de extensão, pesquisa e educação sobre gênero e sexualidade, desenvolvida por uma universidade federal brasileira em uma cidade do interior do Paraná, localizada na tríplice fronteira do Brasil com Argentina e Paraguai. É importante notar que o Paraná é um estado considerado como extremamente conservador. Consideramos que iniciativas que incidem diretamente nas comunidades escolares, como as descritas neste artigo, se configuram como espaços pedagógicos de resistência, onde são trilhados caminhos possíveis para contribuir na criação de espaços educativos onde preconceito e discriminações por razões de gênero e sexualidade sejam problematizados e eliminados. Consideramos, além disso, que especialmente nesses tempos atuais de ataques globais aos direitos das mulheres, lésbicas, gays, pessoas trans e aos direitos humanos, é fundamental que, em nível local, continuem existindo e resistindo espaços de promoção a reflexão e à desconstrução de estruturas opressoras.
INFLUÊNCIA DO USO DO REGULADOR DE CRESCIMENTO ÁCIDO 2,3-CLOROFENOXIPROPIONICO (FRUITONE ®) NO RENDIMENTO DA PRODUÇÃO DE ABACAXI
Authors: Ferreira Cássia Dayane Souza , Azevedo Christiane Késsia da Cunha , Romeiro Romero Matheus Coimbra , Machado Stella De Castro Santos 
Published: October 2017

RESUMO: A busca por uma produção cada vez maior e melhor faz com que ocorra o uso de determinados agroquímicos, por vezes, de forma incorreta ou indiscriminada. Este trabalho é uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, utilizando o método indutivo de análise do problema, e teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do uso do ácido 2,3-clorofenoxipropionico (Fruitone®) nos frutos do abacaxi, no município de Conceição do Araguaia, Estado do Pará. O estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, visitas de campo para coleta de informações através de questionários, além da avaliação de frutos produzidos sob dois tratamentos diferentes. Ao término da pesquisa, verificou-se que o produto provocou alterações significativas sobre o peso do fruto, mas não ao ponto de mudá-lo de categoria de comercialização, o que fez com que o produtor não tivesse retorno financeiro, apesar do aumento do custo de produção. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ananas comosus, Aumento da produção, Produtos não-registrados.
ANÁLISE FINANCEIRA DE SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO INTEGRADOS NO NORDESTE DO PARÁ
Authors: Marques Maria de Nazaré Caetana , Maneschy Rosana Quaresma , Queiroz Jaqueline Fontel de , Chaves Tahnity Haarad Moura 
Published: October 2017

RESUMO: Sistemas de produção integrados (SPIs) são amplamente utilizados por agricultores familiares no Bioma Amazônia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi modelar SPIs (ex: Consórcios Agrícolas, Sistemas Agroflorestais - SAFs e Sistemas Agrossilvipastoris) no nordeste paraense a fim de subsidiar com informações a geração de políticas públicas de crédito adequadas a esses sistemas praticados pela agricultura familiar. Foi selecionada uma experiência exitosa de SAF acompanhada pela Embrapa Amazônia Oriental no projeto “Transição produtiva e serviços ambientais” para a análise financeira e comparado a sistemas monoculturais. Foram utilizadas com diferentes taxas de juros, a saber: 2,5% a.a; 7.5% a.a. e 8,75% a.a. para as análises de acordo com as linhas, PRONAF-Floresta, Programa Nacional de Apoio ao Médio Produtor Rural – PRONAMP e com o Plano Agrícola e Pecuário 2015/2016 para agricultura empresarial, respectivamente. Os indicadores financeiros utilizados foram: Valor presente líquido, Taxa interna de retorno, Relação benefício custo, Valor anual equivalente e Payback. De acordo com o panorama da viabilidade econômica, o SPI se mostrou eficiente em todas as simulações, porem devido a taxa de juros do PRONAF floresta ser menor (2,5 % a.a) o retorno econômico foi maior do que nas simulações com as demais taxas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sistemas de produção integrados; agricultura familiar; análise financeira.
PRODUTOS DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NA ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR DO MUNICÍPIO DE CURUÇÁ-PA: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Ramos Maiara dos Santos , Maneschy Rosana Quaresma , Queiroz Jaqueline Fontel de , Marques Maria de Nazaré Caetana , Chaves Tahnity Haarad Moura 
Published: October 2017

RESUMO: O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) maior programa de alimentação no Brasil, ampliado em 2009 tem por objetivo fornecer produtos da agricultura familiar para merenda escolar no âmbito estadual e municipal beneficiando 13 milhões de escolas em todo país. O objetivo do trabalho foi diagnosticar e analisar os fatores limitantes para a participação dos agricultores familiares de Curuçá à comercialização de produtos para a alimentação escolar. Foram realizados levantamento junto a Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMATER-PA) secretaria de alimentação escolar e secretaria e educação para a obtenção de dados referentes aos números de escola abastecida pela agricultura familiar que fazem parte da região. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pequenos proprietários rurais; Merenda escolar; Desenvolvimento local.