bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mexican land birds reveal complexity in fine‐scale patterns of endemism
Authors: Bertelli Sara , Szumik Claudia , Goloboff Pablo A. , Giannini Norberto P. , Navarro‐Sigüenza Adolfo G. , Peterson A. Townsend , Cracraft Joel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimUnderstanding patterns of endemism is a key to deciphering the history of biotas and setting conservation priorities, but resolving the complexity of distributional patterns quantitatively into areas of endemism is often a difficult task. We report here an analysis of a comprehensive biodiversity dataset for the study of endemism, including virtually all vouchered records available for resident land birds of Mexico (> 100,000 georeferenced data points for all 780 species).LocationMexico.MethodsThe dataset was analysed with methods that recover areas without assuming prior endemic status for any species. This grid‐based method for detecting areas of endemism considers co‐occurrence and exclusiveness of species in alternative sets of geographic cells at different spatial resolutions, and finds optimal sets using heuristic, computationally intensive searches.ResultsWe provide the most detailed study of endemism in Mexico to date. Our analysis recovered 17 of 18 previously recognized areas of endemism for Mexican birds, plus many additional areas clearly supported by distributional data totalling 33 areas of endemism at different spatial scales. These areas cover 70% of the country's surface and form a network of nested and partially overlapping regions, some of which are also disjoint.Main conclusionsThis picture contrasts strongly with previous conceptions of areas of endemism as non‐overlapping and spatially simple in terms of scale. Our results reveal that endemism may be spatially complex and shed new light on its role as a key manifestation of biodiversity. Species identified as endemic to these areas comprise > 30% of the land birds of Mexico, with a disproportionately large fraction endangered according to IUCN or SEMARNAT.
Using cognitive load theory to structure computer‐based learning including MOOCs
Authors: Chen O. , Woolcott G. , Sweller J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA massive, open, online course (MOOC) is a form of computer‐based learning that offers open access, internet‐based education for unlimited numbers of participants. However, the general quality and utility of MOOCs has been criticized. Most MOOCs have been structured with minimal consideration of relevant aspects of human cognitive architecture and instructional design principles. This paper suggests cognitive load theory, with its roots embedded in our knowledge of human cognitive architecture and evolutionary educational psychology, is ideally placed to provide instructional design principles for all forms of computer‐based learning, including MOOCs. The paper outlines the theory and indicates instructional design principles that could be used to structure online learning and to provide an appropriate base for instructional design when using computer‐based learning.
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor: Clinical and immunohistochemical features
Authors: Wang Fen , Shi Chuan , Cui Yunying , Li Chunyan , Tong Anli 
Published: March 2017

AbstractJuxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT) is a rare tumor, with approximately 100 cases reported in the literature. The authors respectively studied the clinical data of 11 patients diagnosed with JGCT in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2004 to 2014, and investigated the immunohistochemical profiles in 10 tumors. Nine of the 11 patients were diagnosed before the age of 40 years. Hypertension was present in all patients, while hypokalemia occurred in seven of 11 patients. Computed tomography detected JGCTs with a sensitivity of 100%. Immunoreactivities for CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor were observed in most tumor specimens, suggesting that JGCTs express a variety of vessel‐related immunohistochemical markers, although JGCTs are considered a tumor without abundant blood supply. Nuclear accumulation of cyclin D1 was common in JGCTs. Results from immunohistochemistry were negative for BRAF, HER2, and TFE3, suggesting that BRAF, HER2, and TFE3 genes might not play a part in tumorigenesis in JGCTs.
DOES DISTANCE MATTER IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS?
Authors: Bick Patty , Crook Matthew D. , Lynch Andrew A. , Walkup Brian R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUsing a sample of mergers and acquisitions from 1985 to 2014, we examine the impact of proximity between target and acquirer as a measure of information asymmetry. We find geographic distance has a significant impact on acquisitions premiums and time to completion, conditional on the size of the target firm. Small targets receive lower premiums and have a faster time to completion the closer they are to their acquirer. Conversely, large targets have a slower time to deal completion the closer their proximity. We conclude geographic distance has a substantial impact on acquisitions.
DOES BANK TECHNOLOGY AFFECT SMALL BUSINESS LENDING DECISIONS?
Authors: Sedunov John 
Published: March 2017

AbstractI examine the effect that technology has on soft‐information lending and address issues within the banking literature on quantifying bank technology. I find that banks engage in less soft‐information lending when back‐office bank technology is more productive and that banks engage in less soft‐information lending when they own interactive web technology. I find that competition, lending decisions, and bank size are the primary drivers of technological development. I show that these results are robust to econometric tests that account for endogeneity, to an alternative definition of the bank's size, and to the inclusion of lending portfolio controls.
Engagement in Advance Care Planning and Surrogates’ Knowledge of Patients’ Treatment Goals
Authors: Fried Terri R. , Zenoni Maria , Iannone Lynne , O'Leary John , Fenton Brenda T. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesA key objective of advance care planning (ACP) is improving surrogates’ knowledge of patients’ treatment goals. Little is known about whether ACP outside of a trial accomplishes this. The objective was to examine patient and surrogate reports of ACP engagement and associations with surrogate knowledge of goals.DesignCohort studySettingPrimary care in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.Participants350 community‐dwelling veterans age ≥55 years and the individual they would choose to make medical decisions on their behalf, interviewed separately.MeasurementsTreatment goals were assessed by veterans’ ratings of 3 health states: severe physical disability, cognitive disability, and pain, as an acceptable or unacceptable result of treatment for severe illness. Surrogates had knowledge if they correctly predicted all 3 responses. Veterans and surrogates were asked about living will and health care proxy completion and communication about life‐sustaining treatment and quality versus quantity of life (QOL).ResultsOver 40% of dyads agreed that the veteran had not completed a living will or health care proxy and that there was no QOL communication. For each activity, sizeable proportions (18–34%) disagreed about participation. In dyads who agreed QOL communication had occurred, 30% of surrogates had knowledge, compared to 21% in dyads who agreed communication had not occurred and 15% in dyads who disagreed (P = .01). This relationship persisted in multivariable analysis. Agreement about other ACP activities was not associated with knowledge.ConclusionDisagreement about ACP participation was common. Agreement about communication regarding QOL was modestly associated with surrogate knowledge of treatment goals. Eliciting surrogates’ perspectives is critical to ACP. Even dyads who agree about participation may need additional support for successful engagement.
Survival and testing parameters of zirconia‐based crowns under cyclic loading in an aqueous environment: A systematic review
Authors: Elshiyab Shareen Hayel , Nawafleh Noor , George Roy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo study the hypothesis that in vitro fatigue testing variables in an aqueous environment affect the survival results of zirconia‐based restorations, and evaluate the level of agreement between in vitro and previous in vivo data.MethodsAn electronic search of literature was conducted in PubMed and Scopus to identify in vitro studies testing zirconia‐based crowns using cyclic loading in an aqueous environment. Only studies that complied with the inclusion criteria were included. Data extracted were used for survival analysis and assessment of in vitro parameters for fatigue testing of implant and tooth‐supported crowns. Using “Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews” (AMSTAR), recent in vivo systematic review studies were assessed prior to consideration for comparison with the current in vitro data.ResultsAfter applying the inclusion criteria only 25 articles were included. Five‐year cumulative survival rate of zirconia‐based implant‐supported crowns was lower than tooth‐supported crowns (84% and 88.8% respectively). Tooth‐supported crowns subjected to wet fatigue showed a lower 5‐year cumulative survival rate compared to thermocycling (62.8% and 92.6% respectively). Monolithic crowns showed higher fracture resistance compared to bi‐layered structure (pressed or hand‐layered). Only in vivo systematic reviews, which complied with AMSTAR assessment criteria, were used for comparison to the in vitro data. As for fatigue testing parameters, differences in the experimental setting were evident and affected the outcomes.ConclusionCrown survivals depend on type of support, type of fatigue test conducted, crown structure, and veneering method. In vitro fatigue testing protocols are highly variable, which introduces a need for international standardization to allow for more valid comparability of data.
Oolong tea extract as a substitute for uranyl acetate in staining of ultrathin sections based on examples of animal tissues for transmission electron microscopy
Authors: HE XIAOHUA , LIU BIN 
Published: March 2017

SummaryOolong tea extract (OTE) was assessed for its potential as an electron stain to substitute for uranyl acetate (UA) in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A comparative analysis of the ultrastructures of biological specimens (i.e. compound eye and sciatic nerve tissue) stained by different methods (UA and 0.1% OTE) has been performed. Results revealed that there was no significant difference between the OTE double staining method and the traditional double staining method, except the contrast in the OTE method was slightly lower than the UA method. Nevertheless, the OTE method yielded better or equal details in collagen fibres, neurofilaments and basal lamina in the mammalian sciatic nerve samples, as well as in the microvilli between the cornea and crystalline cone of the insect compound eye. On the whole, it was suggested that OTE could potentially be used as a nonradioactive and hazard‐free alternative to UA in TEM staining.
Treatment of Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis with CO2 laser
Authors: Sardana Kabir , Bansal Shivani , Garg Vijay K , Khurana Nita 
Published: March 2017

SummaryNevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (NLCS) is an uncommon lesion characterized by ectopic adipose tissue in the dermis and can be generalized or localized. It presents as a soft skin colored to yellowish papules or cerebriform plaques occurring usually on the buttock or thigh in a segment distribution. We report a case of NLCS in 38‐year‐old female, which was treated using the ultrapulse mode CO2 Laser. We describe the scientific logic and clinical results of using the ultrapulse mode in relation to the pathology of NLCS.
Proton MR Spectroscopy in Patients with Nonlesional Insular Cortex Epilepsy Confirmed by Invasive EEG Recordings
Authors: Aitouche Yasmine , Gibbs Steve A. , Gilbert Guillaume , Boucher Olivier , Bouthillier Alain , Nguyen Dang Khoa 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSERecent studies suggest that a nonnegligible proportion of drug‐resistant epilepsy surgery candidates have an epileptogenic zone that involves the insula. We aimed to examine the value of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) in identifying patients with insular cortex epilepsy.METHODSPatients with possible nonlesional drug‐refractory insular epilepsy underwent a voxel‐based 1H‐MRS study prior to an intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) study. Patients were then divided into two groups based on invasive EEG findings: the insular group with evidence of insular seizures and the noninsular group with no evidence of insular seizures. Sixteen age‐matched healthy controls were also scanned for normative data.RESULTSTwenty‐two epileptic patients were recruited, 12 with insular seizures and 10 with extra‐insular seizures. Ipsilateral and contralateral insular N‐acetyl‐aspartate concentrations ([NAA]) and NAA/Cr ratios were found to be similar in both patient groups. No significant differences in [NAA] or NAA/Cr ratios were found between the insular group, noninsular group, and healthy controls. [NAA] and NAA/Cr asymmetry indices correctly lateralized the seizure focus in only 16.7% and 0% of patients, respectively.CONCLUSIONSOur preliminary findings suggest that 1H‐MRS fares poorly in identifying patients with nonlesional insular epilepsy.
Personality Traits as Patterns of Meaning Assignment Tendencies
Authors: Kreitler Shulamith 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose is to present a new conception about the nature of personality traits based on the Kreitler Meaning System. The major constructs of the meaning system are referent, meaning value, meaning unit, and meaning variables characterizing the meaning unit. The individual's meaning profile is the set of meaning variables the individual uses as assessed by the Test of Meanings. Personality traits are defined as patterns of meaning assignment tendencies.MethodAfter introducing the meaning system, the article describes the new conception of personality traits and presents the example of extraversion. Correlation coefficients of four different extraversion scales with the meaning profiles are analyzed.ResultsThe findings enable defining the meaning profile of extraversion and validating it in view of the information available about extraoversion.ConclusionsImplications of the new conception are providing insight into the structure, nature, and dynamics of a trait, a factor, or a cluster of traits; comparing traits; validating traits; describing interactions between traits; assessing traits by the Test of Meanings; assessing traits and anti‐traits; identifying traits; classifying traits; describing traits in interaction with other tendencies; and applying interventions for modifying traits. Applications concerning attitudes, cognitive performance, emotions, defenses, coping, and psychopathology are presented.
Helicid alleviates pain and sleep disturbances in a neuropathic pain‐like model in mice
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Qi , Wang Tian‐Xiao , Li Rui , Huang Zhi‐Li , Han Wu‐Jian , Dai Xiao‐Chang , Wang Yi‐Qun 
Published: March 2017

SummaryNatural helicid (4‐formylphenyl‐O‐β‐d‐allopyranoside), a main active constituent from seeds of the Chinese herb Helicia nilagirica, has been reported to exert a sedative, analgesic and hypnotic effect, and is used clinically to treat neurasthenic syndrome, vascular headaches and trigeminal neuralgia. In the current study, mechanical allodynia tests, electroencephalograms, electromyogram recordings and c‐Fos expression in neuropathic pain‐like model mice of partial sciatic nerve ligation were used to investigate the effect of helicid on neuropathic pain and co‐morbid insomnia. Our results showed that helicid at a dose of 100, 200 or 400 mg kg−1 could increase the mechanical threshold by 2.5‐, 2.8‐ and 3.1‐fold for 3 h after administration, respectively. Helicid at 200 and 400 mg kg−1 given at 07:00 hours increased the amount of non‐rapid eye movement sleep in a 3‐h period by 1.27‐ and 1.35‐fold in partial sciatic nerve ligated mice. However, helicid (400 mg kg−1) given at 21:00 hours did not change the sleep pattern in normal mice. Immunohistochemical study showed that helicid (400 mg kg−1) administration could reverse the increase of c‐Fos expression in the neurons of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and tuberomammillary nucleus, and the decrease of c‐Fos expression in the ventrolateral preoptic area caused by partial sciatic nerve ligation. These results indicate that helicid is an effective agent for both neuropathic pain and sleep disturbances in partial sciatic nerve ligated mice.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in equine pregnancy
Authors: Macpherson M. L. , Giguère S. , Pozor M. A. , Runcan E. , Vickroy T. W. , Benson S. A. , Troedsson M. H. T. , Hatzel J. N. , Larson J. , vanden Berg E. , Kelleman A. A. , Sanchez L. C. , LeBlanc M. M. 
Published: March 2017

Eleven pregnant pony mares (D270‐326) were administered ceftiofur sodium intramuscularly at 2.2 mg/kg (n = 6) or 4.4 mg/kg (n = 5), once daily. Plasma was obtained prior to ceftiofur administration and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr after administration. Eight pony mares were re‐enrolled in the study at least 3 days from expected foaling to ensure steady‐state concentrations of drug at the time of foaling. Mares were administered ceftiofur sodium (4.4 mg/kg,IM) daily until foaling. Parturition was induced using oxytocin 1 hr after ceftiofur sodium administration. Allantoic and amniotic fluid, plasma, and colostrum samples were collected at time of foaling. Serial foal plasma samples were obtained. Placental tissues were collected. Desfuroylceftiofur acetamide (DCA) concentrations were measured in samples by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mean (±SD) peak serum concentrations ofDCAwere 3.97 ± 0.50 μg/ml (low dose) and 7.45 ± 1.05 μg/ml (high dose). Terminal half‐life was significantly (p = .014) shorter after administration of the low dose (2.91 ± 0.59 hr) than after administration of the high dose (4.10 ± 0.72 hr). The mean serum concentration ofDCAfrom mares at time of foaling was 7.96 ± 1.39 μg/ml. The meanDCAconcentration in colostrum was 1.39 ± 0.70 μg/ml.DCAconcentrations in allantoic fluid, amniotic fluid, placental tissues, and foal plasma were below the limit of quantification (<0.1 μg/ml) and below the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftiofur against relevant pathogens. These results infer incomplete passage ofDCAacross fetal membranes after administration of ceftiofur sodium to normal pony mares.
miR‐320a regulates high mobility group box 1 expression and inhibits invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lv Guixiang , Wu Mingjuan , Wang Meijie , Jiang Xiaochen , Du Jingli , Zhang Kaili , Li Dongliang , Ma Ning , Peng Yahui , Wang Lujing , Zhou Lingyun , Zhao Weiming , Jiao Yufei , Gao Xu , Hu Zheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsSeveral studies have shown that miR‐320a induces apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, and affects cell cycle progression as a tumour suppressor in many cancers. However, the involvement of miR‐320a in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown.MethodsEndogenous miR‐320a and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expressions were assayed by real‐time PCR. Luciferase activities were measured using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay system. Western blots were used to determine the protein expressions of HMGB1, MMP2, and MMP9. Invasion and metastasis of tumour cells were, respectively, evaluated by the transwell invasion assay and the wound healing assay.ResultsThe expression of miR‐320a was significantly decreased in 24 of 32 (75%) HCC tissues and associated with the invasion and metastasis of HCC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HMGB1 was a direct target of miR‐320a and there was a significant negative correlation between miR‐320a and HMGB1 expression in HCC. Ectopic expression or inhibition of miR‐320a potently regulated the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in HMGB1‐dependent manner.ConclusionsOur results showed that miR‐320a was involved in the invasion and metastasis by targeting HMGB1 and had an anti‐metastasis effect in HCC.
A note on endogenous competition mode with managerial‐unionized firms
Authors: Meccheri Nicola , Fanti Luciano 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe analyse the endogenous choice of the competition mode (price vs. quantity) in a duopoly model with managerial delegation and unionized labor markets. Depending on the unions' relative bargaining power and the degree of product differentiation, the set of possible outcomes proves to be very rich, including alternatively a unique quantity or price equilibrium as well as multiple asymmetric‐type equilibria.
Hydrolysis of peptidoglycan is modulated by amidation of meso‐diaminopimelic acid and Mg2+ in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Dajkovic Alex , Tesson Benoit , Chauhan Smita , Courtin Pascal , Keary Ruth , Flores Pierre , Marlière Christian , Filipe Sérgio R. , Chapot‐Chartier Marie‐Pierre , Carballido‐Lopez Rut 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe ability of excess Mg2+ to compensate the absence of cell wall related genes in Bacillus subtilis has been known for a long time, but the mechanism has remained obscure. Here, we show that the rigidity of wild‐type cells remains unaffected with excess Mg2+, but the proportion of amidated meso‐diaminopimelic (mDAP) acid in their peptidoglycan (PG) is significantly reduced. We identify the amidotransferase AsnB as responsible for mDAP amidation and show that the gene encoding it is essential without added Mg2+. Growth without excess Mg2+ causes ΔasnB mutant cells to deform and ultimately lyse. In cell regions with deformations, PG insertion is orderly and indistinguishable from the wild‐type. However, PG degradation is unevenly distributed along the sidewalls. Furthermore, ΔasnB mutant cells exhibit increased sensitivity to antibiotics targeting the cell wall. These results suggest that absence of amidated mDAP causes a lethal deregulation of PG hydrolysis that can be inhibited by increased levels of Mg2+. Consistently, we find that Mg2+ inhibits autolysis of wild‐type cells. We suggest that Mg2+ helps to maintain the balance between PG synthesis and hydrolysis in cell wall mutants where this balance is perturbed in favor of increased degradation.
Abundance estimation of gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) calves from shore‐based surveys undertaken near Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, 2004–2006
Authors: Pérez‐Puig Héctor , Heckel Gisela , Breiwick Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGray whale calf abundance was estimated from shore‐based surveys near Ensenada, Baja California, during their northbound migration. Over the course of 129 effort‐days (756.5 observation hours), 162 calves were counted, comprising 42, 41, and 79 calves in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. To estimate the number of undetected calves during the observation periods in 2006, detection probabilities were estimated by simultaneous and independent counts using a Huggins model. The detection probabilities ranged from 0.655 to 0.997. The number of calves estimated during effort periods were divided by their estimated detection probabilities, while the total number of calves were estimated by fitting a generalized additive model (GAM) to the passage rate (whales/h) and effort (time) data. The final gray whale calf abundance estimates were 451 (95% CI = 430, 513), 253 (95% CI= 245, 308), and 442 (95% CI = 396, 510) calves for 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. The estimates were lower than those reported for Piedras Blancas, California, during the same years, with one possible reason being that an important number of cow/calf pairs migrate too far from shore (>10 km) to be detected from the observation site used in this research.