bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of optical and physical properties of African dust from multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements during the SHADOW campaign in Senegal
Authors: Veselovskii I. , Goloub P. , Podvin T. , Bovchaliuk V. , Derimian Y. , Augustin P. , Fourmentin M. , Tanre D. , Korenskiy M. , Whiteman D. N. , Diallo A. , Ndiaye T. , Kolgotin A. , Dubovik O. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. West Africa and the adjacent oceanic regions are very important locations for studying dust properties and their influence on weather and climate. The SHADOW (study of SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) campaign is performing a multiscale and multilaboratory study of aerosol properties and dynamics using a set of in situ and remote sensing instruments at an observation site located at the IRD (Institute for Research and Development) in Mbour, Senegal (14° N, 17° W). In this paper, we present the results of lidar measurements performed during the first phase of SHADOW (study of SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) which occurred in March–April 2015. The multiwavelength Mie–Raman lidar acquired 3β + 2α + 1δ measurements during this period. This set of measurements has permitted particle-intensive properties, such as extinction and backscattering Ångström exponents (BAE) for 355/532 nm wavelengths' corresponding lidar ratios and depolarization ratio at 532 nm, to be determined. The mean values of dust lidar ratios during the observation period were about 53 sr at both 532 and 355 nm, which agrees with the values observed during the SAMUM-1 and SAMUM-2 campaigns held in Morocco and Cabo Verde in 2006 and 2008. The mean value of the particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm was 30 ± 4.5 %; however, during strong dust episodes this ratio increased to 35 ± 5 %, which is also in agreement with the results of the SAMUM campaigns. The backscattering Ångström exponent during the dust episodes decreased to ∼ −0.7, while the extinction Ångström exponent, though negative, was greater than −0.2. Low values of BAE can likely be explained by an increase in the imaginary part of the dust refractive index at 355 nm compared to 532 nm. The dust extinction and backscattering coefficients at multiple wavelengths were inverted to the particle microphysics using the regularization algorithm and the model of randomly oriented spheroids. The analysis performed has demonstrated that the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the dust refractive index may significantly influence the inversion results and should be taken into account.
Effect of Partial Root-Zone Drying Irrigation Technique (PRD) on the Total Dry Matter, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Tunisian Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Nouna Béchir Ben , Rezig Mourad , Bahrouni Hassouna , Ammar Haroun Ben 
Published: June 2016

<p>Three field experiments were conducted in the plot of Technical Centre for Potato and Artichoke during three cropping season 2009, 2010 and 2011.The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the partial root-zone drying irrigation technique (PRD) on the dry matter, yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of potato (Spunta Variety). Four treatments were applied from the initiation of tuberisation stage to potato harvesting: FI treatment received 100% of Etc; PRD<sub>80</sub>, PRD<sub>70</sub>, and PRD<sub>60</sub> treatments received respectively: 80, 70 and 60% of FI at each irrigation event and it was shifted between the two sides of the plants every 2 to 10 days. The highest water consumption was observed in FI as 336.5, 376, and 341.8 mm in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively, and the lowest was found in PRD<sub>60</sub> as 280.4, 294.5, and 256.1 mm in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. The maximum tuber yield was obtained from the FI as 25.6, 42.9 and 39.1 tha<sup>-1</sup>, in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. There was no significant difference between FI and PRD<sub>60</sub> with respect to tuber yields (LSD 5%).The highest water use efficiency (WUE<sub>Y</sub>) was found in PRD<sub>60</sub> as 13.4 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, in the second experiment (2010) and the lowest was found in PRD<sub>80</sub> as 6.8 kg m<sup>-3</sup> in the first experiment (2009). In the other hand, a linear relation between the accumulated total dry matter and the accumulated water consumption was able to be revealed.</p>
Combining Ability and Heterosis for Grain Yield and Rust Resistance in Pearl Millet
Authors: Lubadde G. , Tongoona P. , Derera J. , Sibiya J. 
Published: June 2016

<p> </p><p>Pearl millet is a dual-purpose crop in semi-arid zones of Uganda. However, no studies have been conducted to determine the gene effects for yield and yield-related traits and rust resistance in these environments; yet this knowledge is important in improving grain yield and rust resistance. A North Carolina II mating design was adopted to study the genetic effects for rust resistance and yield-related traits of improved pearl millet genotypes. The experimental design to study the objectives was alpha in two [locations, seasons and replications]. A higher proportion of general combining ability (GCA) effect was observed for grain yield, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, flower-anthesis interval, days to 50% physiological maturity, plant height, total tiller number, number of productive tillers, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, leaf area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The specific combining ability (SCA) effect was predominant for area under disease progress curve. Eleven hybrids performed better than the best male parent and five crosses performed better than the best female parent for grain yield while all the fifteen selected best crosses performed better than all parents for area under disease progress curve. Ten crosses were more resistant to rust than the best male parent and all the crosses were more resistant to rust than the female parents. The additive gene action was predominant for grain yield, rust severity at 50% physiological maturity, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, total tiller number, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, harvest index and leaf area. High better-parent heterosis was also observed for most traits including grain yield and rust resistance. The traits were also characterized by relatively low levels of narrow sense heritability.</p>
Harmony, Law and Criminal Reconciliation in China: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Pei Wei 
Published: June 2016

Harmony, Law and Criminal Reconciliation in China: A Historical Perspective
In 2012, China revised its Criminal Procedure Law (2012 CPL). One of the major changes is its official approval of the use of victim-offender reconciliation, or ‘criminal reconciliation’ in certain public prosecution cases. This change, on the one hand, echoes the Confucian doctrine that favours harmonious inter-personal relationships and mediation, while, on the other hand, it deviates from the direction of legal reforms dating from the 1970s through the late 1990s. Questions have emerged concerning not only the cause of this change in legal norms but also the proper position of criminal reconciliation in the current criminal justice system in China. The answers to these questions largely rely on understanding the role of traditional informal dispute resolution as well as its interaction with legal norms. Criminal reconciliation in ancient China functioned as a means to centralise imperial power by decentralizing decentralising its administration. Abolishing or enabling such a mechanism in law is merely a small part of the government’s strategy to react to political or social crises and to maintain social stability. However, its actual effect depends on the vitality of Confucianism, which in turn relies on the economic foundation and corresponding structure of society.
Billing and Coding for Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
Authors: Snider Karen T. , Jorgensen Douglas J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Some osteopathic physicians are not properly reimbursed by insurance companies after providing osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) to their patients. Common problems associated with lack of reimbursements include insurers bundling OMT with the standard evaluation and management service and confusing OMT with chiropractic manipulative treatment or physical therapy services. The authors suggest methods of appeal for denied reimbursement claims that will also prevent future payment denials.
Plasmonic properties of superconductor–insulator–superconductor waveguide
Authors: Ma Youqiao , Eldlio Mohamed , Maeda Hiroshi , Zhou Jun , Cada Michael 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The simultaneous realization of low propagation loss and subwavelength mode localization remains one of the critical challenges in plasmonics. Aiming to simultaneously realize low propagation loss and subwavelength mode localization in plasmonics, we introduce a class of low-loss and deeply confined guiding schemes utilizing an alternative plasmonic material, i.e., a superconductor (SC). The optical properties of a SC–insulator–SC (SCISC) waveguide are analyzed both at terahertz (THz) and telecommunication (TC) frequencies. The SCISC waveguide features a deep-subwavelength confinement with a mode length as small as λ/6000 (λ/18) for THz (TC) frequency, while the propagation length can be extended up to 400 mm (1 mm).
Predawn plasma bubble cluster observed in Southeast Asia
Authors: Watthanasangmechai Kornyanat , Yamamoto Mamoru , Saito Akinori , Tsunoda Roland , Yokoyama Tatsuhiro , Supnithi Pornchai , Ishii Mamoru , Yatini Clara 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPredawn plasma bubble was detected as deep plasma depletion by GNU Radio Beacon Receiver (GRBR) network and in situ measurement onboard Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F15 (DMSPF15) satellite and was confirmed by sparse GPS network in Southeast Asia. In addition to the deep depletion, the GPS network revealed the coexisting submesoscale irregularities. A deep depletion is regarded as a primary bubble. Submesoscale irregularities are regarded as secondary bubbles. Primary bubble and secondary bubbles appeared together as a cluster with zonal wavelength of 50 km. An altitude of secondary bubbles happened to be lower than that of the primary bubble in the same cluster. The observed pattern of plasma bubble cluster is consistent with the simulation result of the recent high‐resolution bubble (HIRB) model. This event is only a single event out of 76 satellite passes at nighttime during 3–25 March 2012 that significantly shows plasma depletion at plasma bubble wall. The inside structure of the primary bubble was clearly revealed from the in situ density data of DMSPF15 satellite and the ground‐based GRBR total electron content.
Three‐dimensional density model of the upper mantle in the Middle East: Interaction of diverse tectonic processes
Authors: Kaban Mikhail K. , El Khrepy Sami , Al‐Arifi Nassir , Tesauro Magdala , Stolk Ward 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present a three‐dimensional density model of the lithosphere and upper mantle for the Middle East and surroundings based on seismic, gravity, and seismic tomography data and analyze the main factors responsible for the density variations. The gravity effect of the crust is calculated and removed from the observed field using the most recent crustal model. The residual gravity anomalies are jointly inverted with the residual topography to image the density distribution within the upper mantle. The inversion is constrained by an initial density model based on seismic tomography. The obtained density variations span in a large range (±60 kg/m3), revealing strong asymmetry in the density structure of the Arabian plate. The uppermost mantle layer in the Arabian Shield is relatively dense. However, below a depth of ~100 km we observe a strong low‐density anomaly. In contrast, the mantle density in the Arabian platform increases at the same depths. The most pronounced decrease of the mantle density occurs in the Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, and East African Rift. Underneath the northern Red Sea the low‐density anomaly is limited to the depth ~150 km, while in the southern part it is likely linked to a mantle plume. The densest mantle material is found under the South Caspian basin, which is likely associated with an eclogite body in the uppermost mantle. In the collision zones (the Zagros Belt and the Hellenic Arc), the high‐density lithosphere shows the location of the subducting plates.
First‐principles prediction of fast migration channels of potassium ions in KAlSi3O8 hollandite: Implications for high conductivity anomalies in subduction zones
Authors: He Yu , Sun Yang , Lu Xia , Gao Jian , Li Hong , Li Heping 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMaterials sharing the hollandite structure were widely reported as fast ionic conductors. However, the ionic conductivity of KAlSi3O8 hollandite (K‐hollandite), which can be formed during the subduction process, has not been investigated so far. Here first‐principles calculations are used to investigate the potassium ion (K+) transport properties in K‐hollandite. The calculated K+ migration barrier energy is 0.44 eV at a pressure of 10 GPa, an energy quite small to block the K+ migration in K‐hollandite channels. The calculated ionic conductivity of K‐hollandite is highly anisotropic and depends on its concentration of K+ vacancies. About 6% K+ vacancies in K‐hollandite can lead to a higher conductivity compared to the conductivity of hydrated wadsleyite and ringwoodite in the mantle. K+ vacancies being commonly found in many K‐hollandite samples with maximum vacancies over 30%, the formation of K‐hollandite during subduction of continental or alkali‐rich oceanic crust can contribute to the high conductivity anomalies observed in subduction zones.
Chiral Allenes via Alkynylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction
Authors: Tap Aurélien , Blond Aurélie , Wakchaure Vijay N. , List Benjamin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHerein we describe the development of a catalytic enantioselective alkynylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by a newly designed chiral disulfonimide and delivers chiral allenoates in high yields and with excellent regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity. Our process tolerates a broad range of aldehydes in combination with diverse alkynyl‐substituted ketene acetals. The reaction products can be readily derivatized to furnish a variety of highly substituted enantiomerically enriched building blocks.
High surface area carbon black (BP‐2000) as a reinforcing agent for poly[(−)‐lactide]
Authors: Delgado Paula A. , Brutman Jacob P. , Masica Kristina , Molde Joseph , Wood Brandon , Hillmyer Marc A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe brittle nature and low‐heat distortion resistance of a promising biorenewable thermoplastics, poly((−)‐lactide) (PLA), motivate the investigation of strengthening additives that can address these deficiencies. In our work, a high surface area carbon black (BP‐2000) as well as biobased carbon blacks (hydrochars) were examined as reinforcement agents for PLA. When 1–5 wt % BP‐2000 was added to PLA, the crystallization of PLA was accelerated, resulting in higher crystallinity, tensile strength, and heat resistance. A thermal creep experiment revealed that the composites exhibited no significant deformation after 30 min with 2 N of uniaxial tensile force at 80 °C (above the Tg), whereas neat PLA (with similar thermal history) elongated to 79% after 5 min under the same conditions. PLA–hydrochar composites demonstrated similar brittle behavior to neat PLA. Despite the promising nucleating ability of hydrochars, they displayed low interfacial adhesion with PLA because of their low surface area, resulting in poor energy transfer on stretching. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43926.
High‐throughput screening and selection of mammalian cells for enhanced protein production
Authors: Priola Joseph J. , Calzadilla Nathan , Baumann Martina , Borth Nicole , Tate Christopher G. , Betenbaugh Michael J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe production of recombinant proteins for biotherapeutic use is a multibillion dollar industry, which has seen continual growth in recent years. In order to produce the best protein with minimal cost and time, selection methods are utilized during the cell line development process in order to select for the most desirable clonal cell line from a heterogeneous transfectant pool. Today, there is a vast array of potential selection methods available, which vary in cost, complexity and efficacy. This review aims to highlight cell line selection methods that exist for the isolation of high‐producing clones, and also reviews techniques that can be used to predict, at a small scale, the performance of clones at large, industrially‐relevant scales.
The impact of a community mental health initiative on outcomes for offenders with a serious mental disorder
Authors: Stewart Lynn A , Farrell‐MacDonald Shanna , Feeley Stacey 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Community Mental Health Initiative (CMHI) is mandated to assist offenders with serious mental disorders in their transition from institutions to the community, but this incorporates different styles of service. An important unanswered question is whether these are equivalent.Aims/hypothesesOur aim was to compare outcomes for different intervention styles within the CMHI, a programme for serious offenders in prison who also have at least one major mental disorder. Our specific research questions were as follows: do outcomes differ according to whether offenders with mental health difficulties receive (1) clinical discharge planning only; (2) community mental health services only; (3) the combined services or (4) none, although meeting criteria for any CMHI service?MethodsSurvival analyses, controlling for variables with a significant effect on recidivism or return to prison, were used to test for differences in recidivism or return to prison rates between the intervention and no‐intervention groups during a fixed follow‐up period.ResultsMen receiving only community mental health services had a significantly lower risk of returning to custody and of recidivism than men receiving discharge planning alone or no community mental health service at all, even after controlling for potential confounders including age, number of previous imprisonments and number of previous community failures. The advantages were apparent within 3–6 months and sustained for up to 4 years.Conclusions/implications for practiceProvision of specialised community mental health services for higher‐risk male offenders with a mental disorder may reduce recidivism in the short and longer term – within 3 months and up to 4 years respectively. Statistical modelling also pointed to the need to include treatment for substance abuse and assistance in identifying stable accommodation and brokerage of community services among the interventions and services. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer Crystallization on the Surface of Water or Aqueous Salt Solution
Authors: Fuchs Christian , Busse Karsten , Flieger Ann‐Kristin , Kressler Jörg 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe crystallization of two semicrystalline and water‐insoluble polymers with ester moieties, namely poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (i‐PMMA), was studied on the water surface using Langmuir trough measurements and Brewster angle microscopy. Additionally, Langmuir‐Blodgett films were prepared and examined by atomic force microscopy. It was demonstrated that PCL forms distinct single crystals on the water surface with polymer chain orientation perpendicular to the water surface. i‐PMMA behaved differently and crystallized upon compression on the water surface in a homogeneous layer with polymer chain orientation parallel to the water surface. In contrast, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is a water‐soluble polyether and its crystallization at the air/liquid interface could only be studied when the water subphase was replaced with aqueous salt solutions containing kosmotropic salts according to the Hofmeister series.
Quantitative structure–activity relationship model for prediction study of corrosion inhibition efficiency using two‐stage sparse multiple linear regression
Authors: Al‐Fakih Abdo Mohammed , Algamal Zakariya Yahya , Lee Muhammad Hisyam , Abdallah Hassan H. , Maarof Hasmerya , Aziz Madzlan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) of the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1 M hydrochloric acid using furan derivatives was developed by proposing two‐stage sparse multiple linear regression. The sparse multiple linear regression using ridge penalty and sparse multiple linear regression using elastic net (SMLRE) were used to develop the QSAR model. The results show that the SMLRE‐based model possesses high predictive power compared with sparse multiple linear regression using ridge penalty‐based model according to the mean‐squared errors for both training and test datasets, leave‐one‐out internal validation (Q2int = 0.98), and external validation (Q2ext = 0.95). In addition, the results of applicability domain assessment using the leverage approach reveal a reliable and robust SMLRE‐based model. In conclusion, the developed QSAR model using SMLRE can be efficiently used in the studies of corrosion inhibition efficiency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organophosphorus Compounds in Organic Electronics
Authors: Shameem Muhammad Anwar , Orthaber Andreas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis Minireview describes recent advances of organophosphorus compounds as opto‐electronic materials in the field of organic electronics. The progress of (hetero‐) phospholes, unsaturated phosphanes, and trivalent and pentavalent phosphanes since 2010 is covered. The described applications of organophosphorus materials range from single molecule sensors, field effect transistors, organic light emitting diodes, to polymeric materials for organic photovoltaic applications.
A New Versatile Water‐Soluble Iniferter Platform for the Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles by Photopolymerisation in Aqueous Media
Authors: Bonomi Paolo , Attieh Mira Daoud , Gonzato Carlo , Haupt Karsten 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe multi‐step synthesis of a new water‐soluble dithiocarbamate iniferter platform for the preparation of nanoparticles and ‐gels in aqueous solvents by photoinduced living‐radical polymerisation is described herein. The water solubility of the dithiocarbamate iniferter was achieved by incorporating two unprotected glucose units into the iniferter structure by copper(I)‐catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (“click chemistry”). Molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MIPs) specific for 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and the corresponding non‐imprinted particles (NIPs) were prepared in pure water by using the prepared iniferter as photoinitiator. Radioligand binding tests confirmed a high imprinting factor, and the living character of the iniferter was demonstrated by re‐initiating a second photochemical polymerisation on the NIP nanoparticles in water by using ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate. Our newly synthesised structure is a promising tool for iniferter‐mediated photopolymerisations in aqueous media for the preparation of biocompatible nanomaterials with high potential for biomedical applications in a bottom‐up fashion.