bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Verified and Validated Model for Simulation-Driven Design of Heavy Duty Truck Synchronizers
Authors: Häggström Daniel , Sellgren Ulf , Stenström Wiktor , Björklund Stefan 
Published: January 2016

The strong market trend toward lower fuel consumption for heavy road transports requires more frequent gear shifting and increased gear shift performance, i.e. shorter shift time. Increased shift performance means higher loads for the synchronizer which brings component and shifting process optimization more into focus.
Traditionally, synchronizer development has relied on physical testing of complete synchronizers in general gearbox test rigs or in specialized synchronization test rigs leaving much of the causes of the observed effects unclear. This paper presents a generalized FE-based thermomechanical simulation model to be used for model-based synchronizer analysis and design. The model is targeted for studies of how different external loads and the values of different synchronizer design parameters affect the temperature transient in the friction lining. Recommendations of how major modeling complications should be treated are presented. The developed simulation model is verified and validated with a combination of analytical means and transient temperature measurements of bulk and surface temperatures. The applicability of the presented model, as well as its limitations, are discussed and exemplified with different design cases.
A Simulation-Based CDS Approach: Automated Generation of Simulation Models Based From Generated Concept Model Graphs
Authors: Muenzer Clemens , Shea Kristina 
Published: January 2016

Current approaches in Computational Design Synthesis enable the human designer to explore large solution spaces for engineering design problems. To extend this to support designers in embodiment and detail design, not only the generation of solutions spaces is needed, but also the automated evaluation of engineering performance. Here, simulation methods can be used effectively to predict the behavior of a product.
This paper presents a generic approach to automatically generate solution spaces for energy- and signal-based engineering design tasks using first-order logic and Boolean satisfiability. These solution spaces not only include the graph-based product concept topologies but also corresponding bond-graph based simulation models. To do this, guidelines to create partial simulation models for the available building blocks for the synthesis are presented, to assure a valid causality in the final simulation model. Considering the connections in the graph-based product concepts, the simulation models are automatically generated and, simulated. The simulation results are then stored to enable a more informed decision as to which concepts to pursue in detail design. The method is validated using automotive powertrains as a case study. 162 different powertrain concepts are generated and evaluated, showing the advantages of electric powertrains in respect to CO2 emissions and the importance of intelligent control strategies for hybrid ones. This research enables the generation, exploration, and evaluation of solution spaces for energy- and signal-based product concept. Guidelines to define compatible bond-graph based partial simulation models that map to building blocks from an object-oriented graph-based knowledge representation are introduced. Additionally, a generic translation between the graph-based product concepts and simulation models is presented.
The Use of Additive Manufacturing to Fabricate Structural Components for Wearable Robotic Devices
Authors: Churchwell Ray , Hollander Kevin W. , Theisen Connor 
Published: January 2016

Our interest is in designing, fabricating and testing wearable robotic devices that assist human gait of able bodied individuals [1, 2]. Recently, we have been experimenting with Additive Manufacturing, 3D printing, using Fused Deposition Modeling technology as a method to fabricate key structural components for these robotic devices.
A key structural component for the JTAR (Joint Torque Augmentation Robot) hip exoskeleton was manufactured using 3D printing and has been destructively tested to validate design requirements, the average force required to destroy the part was 2500 N with a standard deviation of 86 N, and this level of strength provided a safety factor in excess 4 times the expected load. The 3D printed part also has been successfully demonstrated on the JTAR robot for approximately 32 kilometers of hiking with no signs of degradation. The JTAR device has been demonstrated with the 3D printed hip mechanism in various environments, including treadmills and unconstrained outdoor environments.
Tailored Modeling of a Vehicle Power Liftgate Avoiding Explicit Definition of Body-Fixed Reference Frames
Authors: Müller Andreas , Jankowski Krystof P. 
Published: January 2016

Contemporary vehicle liftgates are operated by a variety of power actuators. The most typical systems are electrically powered with a computer control system executing driver’s command to open and close the liftgate. The control system has to have enough power to open and close the liftgate in specified time over the range of environmental conditions, on inclined roads and so on. It also has to be able to reverse the direction of motion in a short time when an obstacle is found on the way. In order to develop a reliable controller the dynamic properties of the system have to be modeled first. The dynamic model can be used not only to analyze dynamic properties of the system but also to conceive a model based control strategy based on an inverse dynamics model.
In this paper a tailored modeling approach is reported that avoids the explicit definition of body-fixed frames. This is advantageous since it allows for easy and failsafe manual modeling and model extension. It builds upon a recently proposed modeling approach that uses body-fixed twists. In this paper the approach is first reformulated in terms of spatial twists as this increases the numerical performance.
Polymeric Micro-Filter Fabrication Using a Micro Injection Moulding Process
Authors: Surace Rossella , Bellantone Vincenzo , Fassi Irene 
Published: January 2016

This paper reports on fabrication and characterization of a micro-filter for hearing aid, dialysis media and inhaler. The micro-feature specifications consist in a diameter of 2.3 mm, a thickness of 0.2 mm and it is composed by a mesh with grid of 80 μm and ribs with width of 70 μm.
The proposed micro-filter is fabricated by micro injection moulding process adopting a steel mould manufactured by micro Electrical Discharge Machining process (micro EDM). Different polymeric materials (POM, HDPE, LCP), particularly indicated for the injection moulding applications due to their flowability and stability, are tested and evaluated in relation to the process replication capability. Since the polymer micro-filter is made of a complex grid of micro-ribs, the injection moulding process must ensure complete filling of the micro-parts, preventing any defects (i.e. premature solidification, incomplete filling, flash and air traps). To this aim, different system parameters configurations (melt and mould temperature, injection velocity, holding time and pressure, cooling time, pressure limit) are tested for obtaining acceptable part in all polymers grade. Finally, the component is dimensionally characterized by confocal microscopy and its filtration capacity is then verified. Although the feature complexity was high, the results showed that the object could be successfully replicated by filling completely the micro cavities with two of them: POM and HDPE. The most significant parameters influencing the part filling were the mould temperature and the injection velocity. These findings allow to further optimize the micro-injection process parameters to obtain a high quality product.
Orderly Perforation of Polyester Films by Excimer Laser
Authors: Li Wenqi , Sancaktar Erol 
Published: January 2016

The effects of 248 nm KrF excimer laser irradiation on combinations of different thickness PET films and different stainless steel mask mesh opening sizes were considered as a possible method to achieve different size perforations on different thickness PET films, in order to provide an effective and controllable perforation technology. Therefore, ablation behavior of PET films has been investigated for different laser energy fluence and number of laser pulses. Morphology of irradiated samples was observed by optical microscopy, and atomic forced microscopy to study topography and microstructures after laser ablation. An attempt has been made of correlate these findings with the orientation, strength and mechanical properties of the polymer.
The experimental results reveal that the percentage of perforation and the average perforated area increase with increasing number of pulses for all film thicknesses. The affected area, defined as the perforated area plus the heat affected zone (a black-char-region around the perforated area) decrease with increasing number of pulses. Due to the heat conducted from the steel mash wire, especially at cell corners, the perforation process seems to start initially at the cell corners. High laser fluence seems to lead to surface depressions due to thermal shock and surface stress waves along the process directions confirmed by tensile testing and x-ray analyses. The presence and the geometry of surface depressions were confirmed by atomic forced microscopy.
Assessment of the quality and content of national and international guidelines on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy using the AGREE II instrument
Authors: Bazzano Alessandra N , Green Erik , Madison Anita , Barton Andrew , Gillispie Veronica , Bazzano Lydia A L 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesHigh-quality evidence-based clinical practice guidelines can guide diagnosis and treatment to optimise outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and content of national and international guidelines on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Data Sources: The MEDLINE database, the National Guideline Clearinghouse and several international databases were searched for appropriate guidelines from the past 10 years. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: Six guidelines met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument.ResultsA total of 695 records were identified and screened by two authors. Disorder definitions, classifications, preventive measures and treatment recommendations were evaluated and compared among guidelines. AGREE II results varied widely across domains and categories. Only two guidelines received consistently high ratings across domains and few demonstrated a high level of methodological rigour. Recommendations regarding classification and treatment were similar across guidelines, while assessment of preventive measures varied widely.ConclusionsClinical practice guidelines for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy vary significantly in quality and with respect to assessment of preventive measures.
Caught between intending and doing: older people ideating on a self-chosen death
Authors: van Wijngaarden Els , Leget Carlo , Goossensen Anne 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to provide insight into what it means to live with the intention to end life at a self-chosen moment from an insider perspective.SettingParticipants who lived independent or semidependent throughout the Netherlands.Participants25 Dutch older citizens (mean age of 82 years) participated. They were ideating on a self-chosen death because they considered their lives to be no longer worth living. Inclusion criteria were that they: (1) considered their lives to be ‘completed’; (2) suffered from the prospect of living on; (3) currently wished to die; (4) were 70 years of age or older; (5) were not terminally ill; (6) considered themselves to be mentally competent; (7) considered their death wish reasonable.DesignIn this qualitative study, in-depth interviews were carried out in the participants’ everyday home environment (median lasting 1.56 h). Verbatim transcripts were analysed based on the principles of phenomenological thematic analysis.ResultsThe liminality or ‘in-betweenness’ of intending and actually performing self-directed death (or not) is characterised as a constant feeling of being torn explicated by the following pairs of themes: (1) detachment and attachment; (2) rational and non-rational considerations; (3) taking control and lingering uncertainty; (4) resisting interference and longing for support; (5) legitimacy and illegitimacy.ConclusionsOur findings show that the in-between period emerges as a considerable, existential challenge with both rational and non-rational concerns and thoughts, rather than a calculative, coherent sum of rational considerations. Our study highlights the need to take due consideration of all ambiguities and ambivalences present after a putatively rational decision has been made in order to develop careful policy and support for this particular group of older people.
Patient behaviour at the time of stroke onset: a cross-sectional survey of patient response to stroke symptoms
Authors: Mellon L , Doyle F , Williams D , Brewer L , Hall P , Hickey A 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeRevascularisation treatment with thrombolysis must be initiated within 4.5 h following ischaemic stroke symptom onset. Despite its proven benefits, thrombolysis therapy is underused, with patient delay in presenting to hospital with symptoms identified as the leading barrier. This study aimed to examine help-seeking behaviour at stroke onset, in order to understand delays in accessing acute medical care for stroke symptoms.Methods149 consecutive patients hospitalised with ischaemic stroke were interviewed at 72 h poststroke with the Stroke Awareness Questionnaire and the Response to Symptoms Questionnaire.ResultsSixty per cent of stroke cases presented to the ED within 3.5 h of stroke onset. Knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors was poor, with 40% unable to correctly define a stroke. Bystander recognition of symptoms (p=0.03) and bystander initiation of Emergency Medical Services was associated with ED presentation within 3.5 h (p=0.03).ConclusionsThis study provides insights into patient response when a stroke occurs, with the presence and action of others highlighted as critical in fast response to stroke symptoms. Knowledge of stroke warning signs and risk factors was low among stroke survivors. Findings highlight the complexity of changing help-seeking behaviour during stroke onset, and provide directions for public education efforts to reduce prehospital delay.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of kidney disease on heart failure patients
Authors: Löfman Ida , Szummer Karolina , Hagerman Inger , Dahlström Ulf , Lund Lars H , Jernberg Tomas 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThe aim was to determine the prevalence of different degrees of kidney dysfunction and to examine their association with short-term and long-term outcomes in a large unselected contemporary heart failure population and some of its subgroups. We examined to what extent the different cardiac conditions and their severity contribute to the prognostic value of kidney dysfunction in heart failure.DesignWe studied 47 716 patients in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. Patients were divided into five renal function strata based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The adjusted association between kidney function and outcome was examined by Cox regression.Results51% of the patients had eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2and 11% had eGFR <30. There was increasing mortality with decreasing kidney function regardless of age, presence of diabetes, New York Heart Association NYHA class, duration of heart failure and haemoglobin levels. The risk HR (95% CI) persisted after adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, severity of heart disease, and medical treatment: eGFR 60–89: 0.86 (0.79 to 0.95); eGFR 30–59: 1.13 (1.03 to 1.24); eGFR 15–29: 1.85 (1.67 to 2.07); and eGFR <15: 2.96 ([2.53 to –3.47)], compared with eGFR ≥90.ConclusionsKidney dysfunction is common and strongly associated with short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with heart failure. This strong association was evident in all age groups, regardless of NYHA class, duration of heart failure, haemoglobin level, and presence/absence of diabetes mellitus. After adjusting for differences in baseline data, aetiology and severity of heart disease and treatment, the strong association remained.
Doctors' enjoyment of their work and satisfaction with time available for leisure: UK time trend questionnaire-based study
Authors: Surman Geraldine , Lambert Trevor W , Goldacre Michael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionDoctors' job satisfaction is important to the health service to ensure commitment, effective training, service provision and retention. Job satisfaction matters to doctors for their personal happiness, fulfilment, service to patients and duty to employers. Monitoring job satisfaction trends informs workforce planning.Materials and methodsWe surveyed UK-trained doctors up to 5 years after graduation for six graduation year cohorts: 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2012. Doctors scored their job enjoyment (Enjoyment) and satisfaction with time outside work (Leisure) on a scale from 1 (lowest enjoyment/satisfaction) to 10 (highest).ResultsOverall, 47% had a high level of Enjoyment (scores 8–10) 1 year after graduation and 56% after 5 years. For Leisure, the corresponding figures were 19% and 37% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. For Leisure at 1 year, high scores were given by about 10% in the 1990s, rising to about 25% in the mid-2000s. Low scores (1–3) for Enjoyment were given by 15% of qualifiers of 1996, falling to 5% by 2008; corresponding figures for Leisure were 42% and 19%. At 5 years, the corresponding figures were 6% and 4%, and 23% and 17%. Enjoyment and Leisure were scored higher by general practitioners than doctors in other specialties. Both measures varied little by sex, ethnicity or medical school attended.ConclusionsScores for Enjoyment were generally high; those for Leisure were lower. Policy initiatives should address why this aspect of satisfaction is low, particularly in the first year after graduation but also among hospital doctors 5 years after graduation.
Melting curves of Cu, Pt, Pd and Au under high pressures
Authors: Zhang Baoling , Wang Baowen , Liu Qingxin 
Published: January 2016

Melting curves of Cu, Pt, Pd and Au were calculated via the molecular dynamics method in the temperature range of [Formula: see text]1000–5000 K. The simulation results were compared with the recent high pressure experimental data reported by Errandonea, and the obtained melting curves of Cu, Pt and Au were all in good agreement with his results. For Pd, there were some differences between the obtained melting curve and the experimental data and these differences increased with decreasing temperature to about 7 GPa at 2000 K. The effects of the interaction forces between metal atoms at high atomic densities on the pressure of the system were analyzed. It was found that the pressure in metals predominantly depends on the interaction forces between atoms at high atomic densities. In addition, expressions for melting pressure as a function of temperature have been obtained by fitting the simulation results.
ROLAND BARTHES E AS REPRESENTAÇÕES DA ALTERIDADE
Authors: Silva Maria Luiza Berwanger da 
Published: January 2016

Com base na leitura do texto L’Étrangère, de Roland Barthes, este artigo examina representações do estrangeiro emergentes da produção teórico-crítica desse intelectual francês. Considera sobretudo a figura do Outro mediada pela amizade intelectual e pessoal que estabelece com Julia Kristeva. Para tanto, o artigo evidencia a contribuição de Julia Kristeva para o avanço da Semiologia Francesa, representando-a pelo projeto de renovação de paradigmas semiológicos cristalizados que impedem, segundo Barthes, a valorização da diferença. Este artigo também estuda textos de homenagem de Julia Kristeva a Roland Barthes, neles sublinhando a crítica da reciprocidade como critério de valor e « noyau dur » da reflexão barthesiana. Assim, o presente artigo estabelece um jogo de cartografias intelectuais e afetivas entre os dois semiólogos que enfatizam a recepção favorável à Alteridade articulada pelo pensamento plural (nacional e transnacional) de Roland Barthes.
Rugosidade superficial de diferentes resinas compostas comparando sistemas de acabamento e polimento e após a profilaxia com jato de bicarbonato – Estudo in vitro.
Authors: Alves Carol Brandt , Giuriato Jéssika Barcellos , Turbino Miriam Lacalle , Oda Margareth 
Published: January 2016

A presente pesquisa in vitro teve como objetivo avaliar a superfície de três resinas compostas quando submetidas a tratamentos de polimento e jato de bicarbonato. As alterações foram avaliadas pela análise rugosimétrica. Foram testadas três resinas compostas, de diferentes tamanhos de partículas - nanohíbrida (Z350 XT- 3M ESPE), microhíbrida (Z250 - 3M ESPE) e microparticulada (Durafill - Heraeus Kulzer)-. Para cada resina foram confeccionados quinze corpos de prova aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos: polimento com pontas de silicone (Enhace+PoGo - Dentsply), pontas de borracha (astropol – Ivoclar Vivadent) e discos fléxiveis (Sof-Lex – 3M ESPE). A rugosidade das amostras foi analisada por meio do Rugosímetro (Mitutoyo SJ- 201P- Tókio- Japan). A mensuração da rugosidade foi realizada antes e após o polimento. Em seguida, cada grupo foi submetido à termociclagem e ao jato de bicarbonato, quando foi realizada a ultima leitura da rugosidade. A análise de variância mostrou haver diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) entre as resinas (p=0,0008), entre os polimentos (p=0,0001), e na interação entre resina e polimento (p=0,007), porém entre os momentos não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,305). Dentre as resinas avaliadas a que apresentou maior grau de rugosidade foi a microparticulada (Durafill - Heraeus Kulzer), e o sistema de polimento que mostrou menor eficiência foi o sistema que utiliza pontas de borracha (Astropol – Ivoclar Vivadent).