bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal factors associated with umbilical cord blood pH values
Authors: Hidalgo-Lopezosa Pedro , Hidalgo-Maestre María , Rodríguez-Borrego María Aurora 
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: El análisis del pH de sangre arterial de cordón umbilical sigue siendo un criterio objetivo usado para determinar el estado metabólico del recién nacido tras el parto, y por tanto del bienestar fetal. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores perinatales asociados con los valores de sangre arterial de cordón umbilical.<br /><br />Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y analítico entre Enero de 2010 y Enero de 2013 en un hospital de tercer nivel en el sur de España, con mujeres atendidas por parto. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: embarazo sin complicaciones y parto vaginal único, a término, con presentación cefálica. Las variables independientes con gran significación tras un análisis univariante fueron: edad, paridad, edad gestacional, analgesia epidural, plan de parto, episiotomía, duración de la primera fase del parto, y uso de oxitocina. Como variable dependiente se consideró: los valores de pH de sangre arterial de cordón umbilical (&lt; = 7.24; &gt; 7.24). El número total de mujeres fue de 165. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante regresión logística múltiple. <br /><br />Resultados: La analgesia epidural y la edad gestacional mayor o igual a 41 semanas influyeron negativamente en el pH de cordón umbilical neonatal, mientras que haber presentado un plan de parto tuvo una influencia protectora.<br /><br />Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este estudio proporcionan a los profesionales más evidencias sobre los elementos que pueden influenciar en el bienestar neonatal, con el fin de actuar en consecuencia, anticipándose a las situaciones de riesgo y aplicando una atención más eficaz. <br /><br />
Ressenya a Xavier Tterrado & Flocel Sabaté (eds.), Les veus del sagrat, Lleida, 2014
Authors: Coronel Ramos Marco Antonio 
Published: July 2016

Ressenya a Xavier Terrado & Flocel Sabaté (eds.) (2014): Les veus del sagrat. Lleida, Pagès editors. 302 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9975-562-5
Genus Ensete (Musaceae) in India
Authors: Joe Alfred , Sreejith Edakkattellam , Sabu Mamiyil 
Published: July 2016

A detailed account of the genus Ensete (Musaceae) in India is presented, including a key to the two species
known from the country. Updated descriptions and colour photographs of each species are provided, with
notes on the phenology, ecology, distribution, cytology, morphological variation and uses. We also provide a
brief history of the genus and descriptions of the two species present in India. Ensete lecongkietii is treated here
as a synonym of E. superbum.
Estimates of lightning NOx production based on OMI NO2 observations over the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Pickering Kenneth E. , Bucsela Eric , Allen Dale , Ring Allison , Holzworth Robert , Krotkov Nickolay 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe evaluate nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2) production from lightning over the Gulf of Mexico region using data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASA's Aura satellite along with detection efficiency‐adjusted lightning data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). A special algorithm was developed to retrieve the lightning NOx (LNOx) signal from OMI. The algorithm in its general form takes the total slant column NO2 from OMI and removes the stratospheric contribution and tropospheric background and includes an air mass factor appropriate for the profile of lightning NOx to convert the slant column LNO2 to a vertical column of LNOx. WWLLN flashes are totaled over a period of 3 h prior to OMI overpass, which is the time an air parcel is expected to remain in a 1° × 1° grid box. The analysis is conducted for grid cells containing flash counts greater than a threshold value of 3000 flashes that yields an expected LNOx signal greater than the background. Pixels with cloud radiance fraction greater than a criterion value (0.9) indicative of highly reflective clouds are used. Results for the summer seasons during 2007–2011 yield mean LNOx production of ~80 ± 45 mol per flash over the region for the two analysis methods after accounting for biases and uncertainties in the estimation method. These results are consistent with literature estimates and more robust than many prior estimates due to the large number of storms considered but are sensitive to several substantial sources of uncertainty.
Regional and seasonal stratospheric temperature trends in the last decade (2002–2014) from AMSU observations
Authors: Funatsu Beatriz M. , Claud Chantal , Keckhut Philippe , Hauchecorne Alain , Leblanc Thierry 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStratospheric temperature trends for the period 2002–2014 have been estimated using NOAA's Integrated Microwave Inter‐calibration Approach (IMICA) version of advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) on AQUA satellite. In this period the stratosphere continued cooling over most of the globe with a rate ranging from −0.4 ± 0.3 to −0.5 ± 0.4 K/decade above 25 km. Considering specific latitude bands, trends are highly variable with height. In the tropical region, trends vary from −0.5 ± 0.3 K/decade for channel 12 (∼30 km) to −0.7 ± 0.3 K/decade for higher channels and present small seasonal variability in the intensity of cooling. In the polar regions and in the midlatitudes, trends for all channels are negative but not significant; uncertainties are large due to the high dynamical variability particularly in high latitudes. There is also large seasonal variability, with southern midlatitudes seasonal trends significant during summer (December, January, February) and autumn (March, April, May) above ∼25 km, with values ranging from −1.0 ± 0.5 to −0.6 ± 0.5 K/decade. Regional trends estimated with AMSU and long‐term lidar measurements (over two decades) confirm stratospheric cooling in the northern midlatitudes and tropical regions. The effect of the length of the short series on trends was found to be small outside polar regions. It was found to be large in polar regions with about 1 K changes in trend depending on start dates of the time series.
Elucidating tectonic events and processes from variably tectonized conglomerate clast detrital geochronology: Examples from the Permian Hongliuhe Formation in the southern Central Asian orogenic Belt, NW China
Authors: Cleven Nathan , Lin Shoufa , Davis Donald W. , Xiao Wenjiao , Guilmette Carl 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article expands upon detrital zircon geochronology with a sampling and analysis strategy dating variably tectonized granitoid conglomerate clasts. Its purpose is to elucidate details of the provenance's tectonomagmatic history from deformation‐relative age distributions. The method involves bulk samples of clasts, sorted based on the degree of internal ductile deformation. Isolating granitoid clasts, we divide them into three subsets: undeformed, slightly deformed, and deformed. Laser ablation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U‐Pb geochronology is performed on zircon separates of each subset. Our case study, involving the Permian Hongliuhe Formation in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, analyzes each of the three clast subsets, as well as sandstone detrital samples, at three stratigraphic levels and yields a profile of the unroofed provenance. Clast age distributions exhibit different, wider‐age spectra than sandstone samples, an effect of proximity to the respective provenance. They indicate a minimal lag time, implying rapid exhumation rates, whereas sandstone data alone would indicate a 90 Myr lag time. Early Paleozoic arc‐building episodes appear as Ordovician peaks in sandstone data and Silurian‐Devonian peaks in clast data, indicating a younging of magmatism toward proximal provenance. A magmatic hiatus starts in the Devonian, correlating with the latest age of deformed clasts, interpreted as timing of collisional tectonics. The detailed age spectra provide regional tectonic context and interpretation of processes, as well as more robust provenance interpretation than could be determined from sandstone samples alone. The variably tectonized clast detrital geochronology method removes human sampling bias and the practical limits of studying regional granitoid distributions.
European Variscan orogenic evolution as an analogue of Tibetan‐Himalayan orogen: Insights from petrology and numerical modeling
Authors: Maierová P. , Schulmann K. , Lexa O. , Guillot S. , Štípská P. , Janoušek V. , Čadek O. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe European Variscan orogeny can be compared to the Tibetan‐Himalayan system for three main reasons: (1) The Variscan belt originated through progressive amalgamation of Gondwanan blocks that were subsequently squeezed between the Laurussia and Gondwana continents. Similarly, the Tibetan‐Himalayan orogen results from amalgamated Gondwanan blocks squeezed between Asia and India. (2) The duration of the collisional period and the scale of the two orogens are comparable. (3) In both cases the collisional process resulted in formation of a thick crustal root and long lasting high‐pressure granulite facies metamorphism. Recent petrological data allow a more detailed comparison pointing to similarities also in the midcrustal re‐equilibration of the granulites and their association with specific (ultra)potassic magmatic rocks. In both orogens, the origin of the granulites was attributed to relamination and thermal maturation of lower crustal allochthon below upper plate crust. Subsequent evolution was explained by midcrustal flow eventually leading to extrusion of the high‐grade rocks. We propose that the lower and middle crustal processes in hot orogens are connected by gravity overturns. Such laterally forced gravity‐driven exchanges of material in the orogenic root were already documented in the Variscides, but the recent data from Tibet and Himalaya show that this process may have occurred also elsewhere. Using numerical models, we demonstrate that the exchange of the lower and middle crust can be efficient even for a minor density inversion and various characteristics of the crustal layers. The modeled pressure‐temperature paths are compatible with two‐stage metamorphism documented in Tibet and Himalaya.
Recurring large deep earthquakes in Hindu Kush driven by a sinking slab
Authors: Zhan Zhongwen , Kanamori Hiroo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHindu Kush subduction zone produces large intermediate‐depth earthquakes within a small volume every 10–15 years. Here we study the last three M ≥ 7 events within the cluster and find complex and diverse rupture processes. However, their main subevents appear to recur on the same fault patch, dipping 70° to the south. This recurrence requires an average of 9.6 cm/yr slip rate on the patch, much higher than the ~1 cm/yr surface convergence rate measured geodetically. The high slip rate is likely caused by significant slab internal deformation, such as localized slab stretching/necking. We infer that the Hindu Kush subducted slab below 210 km is sinking through the mantle at a vertical rate of 10 cm/yr.
Upward lightning flashes characteristics from high‐speed videos
Authors: Saba Marcelo M. F. , Schumann Carina , Warner Tom A. , Ferro Marco Antonio S. , de Paiva Amanda Romão , Helsdon John , Orville Richard E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOne hundred high‐speed video recordings (72 cases in Brazil and 28 cases in USA) of negative upward lightning flashes were analyzed. All upward flashes were triggered by another discharge, most of them positive CG flashes. A negative leader passing over the tower(s) was frequently seen in the high‐speed video recordings before the initiation of the upward leader. One triggering component can sometimes initiate upward leader in several towers. Characteristics of leader branching, ICC pulses, recoil leader incidence, and interpulse interval are presented in this work. A comparison of the results is done for data obtained in Brazil and USA. The duration of ICC and the total flash duration are on average longer in Brazil than in USA. Only one fourth of all upward leaders are followed by any return strokes both in Brazil and USA, and the average number of return strokes following each upward leader is very low. The presence and duration of CC following return strokes in Brazil is more than two times larger than in USA. Several parameters of upward flashes were compared with similar ones from cloud‐to‐ground flashes.
Minimizing the effects of filtering on catchment scale GRACE solutions
Authors: Dutt Vishwakarma Bramha , Devaraju Balaji , Sneeuw Nico 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (grace) satellite mission has provided time variable gravity information since its launch in 2002. Due to short‐wavelength noise, the total water storage variations over a catchment observed from grace are usable only after filtering. Filtering smooths both the signal and the noise, inevitably changing the nature of the estimated total water storage change. The filtered estimates suffer from attenuation and leakage, which changes the signal characteristics. Several studies have mainly focused on correcting the changed amplitude with the aid of hydrological models. In this study, it is demonstrated that in addition to the amplitude loss, also significant phase change in the time series of total water storage over a region can occur. The phase change due to leakage from nearby catchments can be around
to
for catchments with moderate size, which makes it difficult to retrieve signal by only scaling. We propose a strategy to approach the true time series with improved phase and amplitude. The strategy is independent of any hydrological model. It is first demonstrated in a closed‐loop environment over 32 catchments, where we show that the performance of our method is consistent and better than other model‐dependent approaches. Then we also discuss the limitations of our approach. Finally we apply our method to the grace level 2 products for 32 catchments.
Reply to comment by S. P. Neuman on “Advective transport in heterogeneous aquifers: Are proxy models predictive?”
Authors: Fiori Aldo , Zarlenga Antonio , Gotovac Hrvoje , Jankovic Igor , Volpi Elena , Cvetkovic Vladimir , Dagan Gedeon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this Reply we further comment on the main assumptions and the results of our recent manuscript “Advective transport in heterogeneous aquifers: Are proxy models predictive?”
Facile Synthesis of 3‐Halobenzo‐heterocyclic‐2‐carbonyl Compounds via in situ Halogenation‐Oxidation
Authors: Jiang Xiaojian , Yang Junjie , Zhang Feng , Yu Pei , Yi Peng , Sun Yewei , Wang Yuqiang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA facile method to synthesize 3‐halobenzo‐heterocyclic‐2‐carbonyl compounds is described. Mechanistic studies suggested that a halo‐cyclization process, which generated the unstable spiro‐acetal transition state and readily convertible to the corresponding carbonyl compound might be involved. Diverse 3‐halobenzo‐heterocyclic‐2‐carbonyl compounds could be synthesized with up to 95 % yield in mild conditions with inexpensive starting materials.magnified image
A “Grafting to” Approach to Synthesize Low Cytotoxic Poly(aminoamide)‐Dendrimer‐grafted Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Banaei Masoud , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPoly(aminoamide) (PAMAM) dendrimer with 3.5 generation was synthesized with ethylenediamine as the primary core and methyl acrylate. Also, Fe3O4 nanoparticles as magnetic ones were modified by (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to fabricate amine‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@APTES). Then, 3.5GD dendrimer was conjugated with Fe3O4@APTES to obtain dendrimer‐grafted magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@3.5GD). The core‐shell structure of Fe3O4@3.5GD nanoparticles was revealed via TEM. Also, progression of each step was studied by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, CHN elemental analysis, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to show that the synthesized nanoparticles keep their superparamagetic properties after synthesis process. Finally, in vitro cellular cytotoxicity was applied to evaluate the biocompatibility of synthesized structures and investigate the cytotoxic effect of grafted dendrimer using HeLa cells. As a resultS, about 20 wt. % of dendrimer grafting was obtained and good correlation was observed with VSM results. Also, 3.5GD dendrimer showed low cytotoxicity to HeLa cells while after dendrimer grafting, toxicity of Fe3O4@3.5GD slightly increased.
Vinyl Selenones Derived from d‐Fructose: A New Platform for Fructochemistry
Authors: Bhaumik Atanu , Das Ashrukana , Pathak Tanmaya 
Published: July 2016

Abstractd‐Fructose, an inexpensive biomass precursor available on a large scale, has been used for the generation of enantiomerically pure chemical entities. Construction of vinyl selenone moieties on cyclic skeletons of d‐fructose led to the highly reactive synthetic intermediates comprising of an electron‐deficient double bond along with an excellent leaving group. Reactions of these Michael acceptors with different nucleophiles afforded aziridines, thiiranes, cyclopropanes, dihydrofurans, dihydroisoxazole, dibenzyloxymethylfuran, and isonucleosides in moderate to good yields. This powerful and practical route provides a new platform for synthetic applications of renewable biomass precursors and adds to the toolbox for chemists interested in new chemical entities.
Light‐Harvesting Nanotubes Formed by Supramolecular Assembly of Aromatic Oligophosphates
Authors: Bösch Caroline D. , Langenegger Simon M. , Häner Robert 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA 2,7‐disubstituted phosphodiester‐linked phenanthrene trimer forms tubular structures in aqueous media. Chromophores are arranged in H‐aggregates. Incorporation of small quantities of pyrene results in the development of light‐harvesting nanotubes in which phenanthrenes act as antenna chromophores and pyrenes as energy acceptors. Energy collection is most efficient after excitation at the phenanthrene H‐band. Fluorescence quantum yields up to 23 % are reached in pyrene doped, supramolecular nanotubes.
Direct Cross‐Couplings of Propargylic Diols
Authors: Green Nicholas J. , Willis Anthony C. , Sherburn Michael S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract[Pd(PPh3)4] catalyzes a Suzuki–Miyaura‐like twofold cross‐coupling sequence between underivatized propargylic diols and either aryl or alkenyl boronic acids to furnish highly substituted 1,3‐dienes. Thus, 2,3‐diaryl‐1,3‐butadienes and their dialkenic congeners ([4]dendralenes) are delivered in a (pseudo)halogen‐free, single‐step synthesis which supersedes existing methods. Allenols are also readily formed. Treatment of these single‐ and twofold cross‐coupled products with acid leads to remarkably short syntheses of highly‐substituted benzofulvenes and aryl indenes, respectively.
Highly Selective Phosphinylphosphination of Alkenes with Tetraphenyldiphosphine Monoxide
Authors: Sato Yuki , Kawaguchi Shin‐ichi , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn sharp contrast to tetraphenyldiphosphine, which does not add to carbon–carbon double bonds efficiently, its monoxide, [Ph2P(O)PPh2] can engage in a radical addition to various alkenes, thus affording the corresponding 1‐phosphinyl‐2‐phosphinoalkanes regioselectively, and they can be converted into their sulfides by treatment with elemental sulfur. The phosphinylphosphination proceeds by the homolytic cleavage of the PV(O)−PIII single bond of Ph2P(O)PPh2, followed by selective attack of the phosphinyl radical at the terminal position of the alkenes, and selective trapping of the resulting carbon radical by the phosphino group. Furthermore, the phosphinylphosphination product could be converted directly into its platinum complex with a hemilabile P,O chelation.
Formamides as Lewis Base Catalysts in SN Reactions—Efficient Transformation of Alcohols into Chlorides, Amines, and Ethers
Authors: Huy Peter H. , Motsch Sebastian , Kappler Sarah M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA simple formamide catalyst facilitates the efficient transformation of alcohols into alkyl chlorides with benzoyl chloride as the sole reagent. These nucleophilic substitutions proceed through iminium‐activated alcohols as intermediates. The novel method, which can be even performed under solvent‐free conditions, is distinguished by an excellent functional group tolerance, scalability (>100 g) and waste‐balance (E‐factor down to 2). Chiral substrates are converted with excellent levels of stereochemical inversion (99 %→≥95 % ee). In a practical one‐pot procedure, the primary formed chlorides can be further transformed into amines, azides, ethers, sulfides, and nitriles. The value of the method was demonstrated in straightforward syntheses of the drugs rac‐Clopidogrel and S‐Fendiline.
Bisurfactant‐assisted preparation of amorphous silica from fly ash
Authors: Liu Dandan , Fang Li , Cheng Fangqin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAmorphous silica (white carbon black) has been prepared via a one‐step hydrochloride acidification of fly ash with the assistance of cetyl‐trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The effects of surfactant types and their concentration on the properties of amorphous silica have been investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption value measurement. The results show that both the dispersity and hydrophobicity of the prepared silica modified by the mixed surfactants of CTAB and PEG are better than those modified by either CTAB or PEG individually. The particle size and DBP absorption value of the silica products are 3.2 µm and 3.11 cm3 · g−1 at the optimized CTAB concentration of 9 × 10−4 mol · L−1 and PEG dosage of 0.5 wt%, respectively. Consequently, the filtration time for the obtained silica is shortened as little as 3 min. It is worth mentioning that the purity of the products has been improved with the aid of the mixed surfactants. Copyright © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Potassium Bromate on the Liver of Adult Male Albino Rat and A Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C: Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study
Authors: Bayomy Naglaa A. , Soliman Gehan M. , Abdelaziz Eman Z. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPotassium bromate (KBrO3) is a food additive which is used primarily as a maturing agent for flour. It is proved as a toxic agent with significant reduction in the activities of antioxidant capacity. The therapeutic efficacy of vitamin C as antioxidant may provide a possible solution to KBrO3 mediated oxidative damage. Twenty four adult male albino rats were used to evaluate the protective role of vitamin C against KBrO3 induced hepatotoxicity and divided into four groups; Group 1 (control), Group 2: received 30 mg/Kg/day vitamin C orally for 4 weeks, Group 3: received 20 mg/Kg/dose KBrO3 orally twice weekly for 4 weeks and Group 4: received both KBrO3 and vitamin C. Liver specimens were processed for histological study by light and electron microscopes and stained immunohistochemically to detect glial fibriller acidic protein (GFAP). Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in all dissected tissues were determined. KBrO3 induced histological alterations in the form of degeneration, cellular infiltration and significant increase in collagen deposition in portal tracts with a significant increase in immunoexpression of GFAP. Significant rise in serum levels of AST, ALT, and MDA in liver tissues were recorded. However, levels of GSH and SOD were significantly decreased. Most of these changes were improved by vitamin C treatment. In conclusion, vitamin C ameliorates the histological and biochemical alterations of the liver induced by KBrO3. Anat Rec, 299:1256–1269, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.