bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A front‐end receiver with a dual cross‐coupling technique for MICS applications
Authors: Gong Cihun‐Siyong Alex , Chang Chia‐Hung , Shiu Feng‐Lin , Chiou Hwann‐Kaeo , Hwang Yih‐Shiou 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a front‐end receiver with a dual cross‐couple technique for Medical Implant Communication ServicesM applications, using a standard complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor process. A lower‐power design is achieved using a resistive feedback, gm‐boosting technique along with a current reuse topology in the receiver's transconductance stage. In addition, a dual cross‐coupling configuration applied at the input stage increases overall gain performance and reduces power consumption. The measured power dissipation of the low‐noise amplifier is only 0.51 mW. The conversion gain of the receiver is 19.74 dB, while the radio frequency and local oscillator frequencies are respectively 403.5 and 393.5 MHz, and the LO power is 0 dBm. The chip exhibits excellent isolation below −70 dB from LO to intermediate frequency and LO to radio frequency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the Amount of the Manganese Entry in the Neurons for Activity‐Induced Manganese‐Enhanced MRI
Authors: KIKUTA SATOMI , YANAGAWA YUCHIO , HOMMA NORIYASU , OSANAI MAKOTO 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe activity‐induced manganese‐enhanced MRI (AIM‐MRI) is one of the candidate methods for measuring the neuronal activity noninvasively in vivo. This method has the potential to measure the history of the neuronal activity, since the Mn2+ can enter the active neuron through voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels. However, the relation between the neuronal activity and the accumulation of Mn2+ in the cell has not been clear. At first, we confirmed that the longitudinal relaxation time of H+ (T1) measured by means of MRI apparatus was related to the [Mn2+] using the pseudo intracellular phantoms with various concentrations of Mn2+. The inverse of T1 (1/T1) was proportional to [Mn2+], thus [Mn2+] can be measured by MRI quantitatively. Next, we investigated the relation between the neuronal activity and the accumulation of Mn2+ in the striatal GABAergic neurons using the method of the Mn2+ quenching of Fura‐2 LR, a family of Fura fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. The amount of the Ca2+ influx was correlated to the neuronal activity evoked by tetanic stimulations with various frequencies. In the same slice preparation, the amounts of the fluorescence quench induced by the tetanic stimulations under the condition of 50 μM MnCl2 administration were recorded. As a result, the amount of the quench was proportional to the amount of the Ca2+ influx. These results suggested that a cell, which has higher activity, accumulated larger amount of Mn2+ in the neuron. Thus, our results supported that AIM‐MRI can measure the history of the neuronal activities in the whole brain noninvasively in vivo.
New Catalytic Method for the Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Selenides
Authors: Zhang Yikun , Wu Sixue , Yan Jie 
Published: July 2016

In the presence of NH4I as catalyst and m‐chloroperbenzoic acid as oxidant, the Se–Se bond cleavage of diselenides undergoes smoothly. The in situ generated reactive electrophilic Se species reacts with alkenes quickly, and a series of β‐hydroxy selenides are prepared in good yields. This new catalytic method for synthesis of β‐hydroxy selenides is a stereospecific anti addition, which occurs with a Markovnikov orientation.
Clinical platform for understanding the relationship between joint contact mechanics and articular cartilage changes after meniscal surgery
Authors: Maher Suzanne A. , Wang Hongsheng , Koff Matthew F. , Belkin Nicole , Potter Hollis G. , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTInjury to the meniscus of the knee has been implicated as a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of osteoarthritis, but the mechanisms of joint degeneration are unclear. Our objective was to develop a clinically applicable methodology to evaluate the relationship of joint contact mechanics at the time of surgery to biological changes of articular cartilage as a function of time following surgery. A series of pre‐, intra‐, and post‐operative protocols were developed which utilized electronic sensors for the direct measurement of contact mechanics, and advanced imaging to assess cartilage health. The tests were applied to a pilot cohort of young active patients undergoing meniscus allograft transplantation. Our study demonstrated significant variability across patients in terms of contact area and peak contact stress, both before and after transplantation. Nonetheless, the majority of patients exhibited decreased peak contact stress and increased contact area after graft implantation. MR scans at 3–6 months showed decreased T1ρ values in tibial articular cartilage, suggesting an increase in proteoglycan content or concomitant decrease in water content. Prolongation of T2 values was found primarily within the central, cartilage–cartilage contact region of the tibial plateau suggested disruption of the collagen network. Minimal differences were found in cartilage thickness over the short time frame of this preliminary study. With longer clinical follow‐up, our platform of clinical tests can be used to better understand the patient‐specific mechanical factors that are related to increased risk of OA after meniscus injury and surgery. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:600–611, 2017.
Safety and postoperative adverse events in pediatric airway reconstruction: Analysis of ACS‐NSQIP‐P 30‐day outcomes
Authors: Roxbury Christopher R. , Jatana Kris R. , Shah Rahul K. , Boss Emily F. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesPrior research has shown that airway reconstructive procedures comprise significant composite morbidity compared to the whole of pediatric otolaryngologic cases evaluated in the American College of Surgeon's National Surgery Quality Improvement Program‐Pediatric (ACS‐NSQIP‐P) platform. We describe postoperative sequelae of pediatric airway reconstructive procedures and identify predictive factors for adverse events.MethodsCurrent procedural terminology (CPT) codes were used to identify children undergoing included procedures in the 2012 to 2014 ACS‐NSQIP‐P public use files (PUF). Targeted variables included patient demographics and 30‐day postoperative events (reoperation, readmission, and complications). Event rates were determined and compared within subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictive factors for major adverse events.ResultsIn 3 years of PUF data (183,283 total cases), 198 cases (0.11%) were airway reconstructive procedures. The most common was laryngoplasty (CPT 31580, 31582; n = 111, 56.1%), followed by cervical tracheoplasty (CPT 31750; n = 47, 23.7%), tracheal resection (CPT 31780; n = 24, 12.1%), and cricoid split (CPT 31587, n = 16, 8.1%). There were 131 premature children (66.2%) and 94 children (47.5%) with history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Thirty‐day postoperative sequelae included readmissions (n = 42, 21.2%), complications (n = 27, 13.6%), and reoperations (n = 14, 7.1%). On univariate analysis, children less than 3 years of age were more likely to undergo an unplanned reoperation. There were no significant predictive factors for readmission or complication. On multivariate analysis, there was a trend toward higher rates of unplanned reoperations in children less than 3 years of age.ConclusionThe 30‐day adverse event rate in pediatric airway surgery is high, with no identifiable predictors noted in the analysis of these data. Findings imply that systematic collection of variables and outcomes specific to pediatric airway surgery, in addition to standard NSQIP workflow, will be essential for NSQIP‐P to truly effect quality improvement in these high‐risk procedures.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:504–508, 2017
Effects of trans‐2‐hexenal on reproduction, growth and behaviour and efficacy against the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Cheng Le , Xu Shuangyu , Xu Chunmei , Lu Hongbao , Zhang Zhengqun , Zhang Daxia , Mu Wei , Liu Feng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBursaphelenchus xylophilus is a serious quarantined pest that causes severe damage and major economic losses to pine forests. Because of the adverse effects of some traditional nematicides on humans and the environment, the search for new plant toxicants against these nematodes has intensified. Nematicidal activity of trans‐2‐hexenal, which is a six‐carbon aldehyde present in many plants, was tested against the nematode.RESULTStrans‐2‐Hexenal showed significant efficacy against B. xylophilus in a dose range of 349.5–699 g m−3 by fumigation of pinewood logs. Additionally, it had significant nematicidal activity against different life stages of B. xylophilus in an in vitro test, with second‐stage larvae (L2s) being the most sensitive, with an LC50 value of 9.87 µg mL−1 at 48 h. Egg hatch was also significantly inhibited. Further studies revealed that trans‐2‐hexenal inhibited the reproductive activity of B. xylophilus, with negative effects on reproduction rate and egg numbers. Moreover, trans‐2‐hexenal reduced the body length of B. xylophilus. Respiratory rate and thrashing behaviour of B. xylophilus also decreased following treatment with this compound.CONCLUSIONtrans‐2‐Hexenal had significant nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus, providing a basis for elucidation of the mode of action of trans‐2‐hexenal against plant‐parasitic nematodes in future studies. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Lagrangian Jacobian Motion Planning: A Parametric Approach
Authors: Góral Ida , Tchoń Krzysztof 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper addresses the motion planning problem of nonholonomic robotic systems. The system’s kinematics are described by a driftless control system with output. It is assumed that the control functions are represented in a parametric form, as truncated orthogonal series. A new motion planning algorithm is proposed based on the solution of a Lagrange-type optimisation problem stated in the linear approximation of the parametrised system. Performance of the algorithm is illustrated by numeric computations for a motion planning problem of the rolling ball.
The Poetics of Pilgrimage: Assembling Contemporary Indonesian Pilgrimage to Ḥaḍramawt, Yemen
Authors: Alatas Ismail Fajrie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article investigates the socio-discursive processes that have enabled the emergence and maintenance of pilgrimage practice by examining the rising popularity of the Ḥaḍramawt valley of southern Yemen as a pilgrimage destination for Indonesian Muslims. Pilgrimage to Ḥaḍramawt mainly revolves around visiting the tombs of Bā ʿAlawī (a group of Ḥaḍramīs who claim direct descent from the Prophet Muḥammad) Sufi saints and scholars scattered around the valley. Moving away from ritual analysis, I examine the roles of various actors involved in the production and consumption of pilgrimage. I analyze pilgrimage as a poetic project that frames travel as a transformative process. As a project, pilgrimage can be described as poetic because it hinges on the construction of multiple chronotopes that are juxtaposed, compared, contrasted, and assembled into meaningful alignments. The actors discussed are involved in producing chronotopes of Ḥaḍramawt as a spiritually idealized place, which are made to resonate with mass-mediated chronotopes of idealized Islam circulating among Indonesian Muslims, and contrasted with chronotopes of the modern world. Framed by such a poetic mediation, pilgrims comprehend their actual travel to Ḥaḍramawt as a cross-chronotopic movement that they believe transforms their own selves. The article observes the various mechanisms of attraction and seduction at work in pilgrimage practice, while demonstrating the structural similarities between pilgrimage and other forms of tourism.
BANYULS genes from Brassica juncea and Brassica nigra: cloning, evolution and involvement in seed coat colour
Authors: LIU L. L. , HUANG T. , DING S. P. , WANG Y. , YAN M. L. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe molecular mechanism underlying the yellow seed trait has been a subject of quality breeding in Brassica. Thus, uncovering the biosynthetic pathway of proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation in the Brassica seed coat is a promising research programme. Arabidopsis thaliana BANYULS (BAN) encodes anthocyanidin reductase, which is involved in seed coat pigmentation. In the current study, 2 and 4 BAN homologues were isolated using one pair of primers from Brassica nigra and Brassica juncea, respectively. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that BAN was expressed abundantly in the seed coat of black seeds and in the embryos of all lines, but not in the seed coat of yellow seeds. Primers incorporating B genome-specific nucleotide variations were designed according to previously published BAN gene sequences of Brassica species to discern the BAN sequence located in B genome origin of Brassica using allele-specific PCR amplification. Proanthocyanidins were also detected by p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde staining and a butanol–hydrochloric acid (BuOH–HCl) colorimetric assay in the seed coat of black seeds, but not in the seed coat of yellow seeds. Anthocyanins were not also detected in the seed coat of Brassica species by the BuOH–HCl assay. Both transcriptional and chemical analyses suggested that BAN genes could be involved in both the biosynthesis of PAs and colour formation in the seed coat of Brassica species, whereas no expression of the BAN gene could block biosynthesis of PAs in the yellow seed coat.
Eyeworm infections ofOxyspirura petrowi, Skrjabin, 1929 (Spirurida: Thelaziidae), in species of quail from Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, USA
Authors: Dunham N.R. , Kendall R.J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNorthern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and Scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) have been declining steadily throughout much of their historical range over the past few decades. Even the Rolling Plains of Texas, historically rich with wild quail and one of the last remaining quail strongholds, has been suffering a population decline, most notably since 2010. Gambel's quail (Callipepla gambelii) have also been experiencing their own decline throughout their respective range, but not as significant as that of other species of quail. Eyeworms (Oxyspirura petrowi) in quail have been recognized for years but not thoroughly studied until recently. New research reveals thatO. petrowiinfection can cause inflammation, oedema, and cellular damage to the eye of the quail host. The objective of this research was to better understand the prevalence of the eyeworm infection in different quail species, expand on known distribution, and determine if there is a relationship between location and species infected with eyeworms. Northern bobwhite, Scaled quail and Gambel's quail were hunter-donated from one county within Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, and examined for the prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of eyeworm infection from November 2013 to February 2014. Quail from every location were found to have individuals with a varying degree of eyeworm infection. This is the first study to document eyeworm infection in Gambel's quail and in quail in New Mexico and Arizona, and reports the highest eyeworm infection found in Northern bobwhite and Scaled quail.
Risk and other factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in pregnant women from southern Brazil
Authors: Santos P.C. , Telmo P.L. , Lehmann L.M. , Mattos G.T. , Klafke G.B. , Lorenzi C. , Hirsch C. , Lemos L. , Berne M.E.A. , Gonçalves C.V. , Scaini C.J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractToxoplasmosis causes complications during pregnancy that have serious effects on fetal development. Thus far, toxocariasis has been reported to spread only via vertical transmission. Nonetheless, the population of pregnant women is also exposed to this infection. Co-infection with bothToxoplasma gondiiandToxocaraspp. has been reported in children, but there are no reports of co-infection in the population of pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of co-infection withT. gondiiandToxocaraspp. in pregnant women at a university hospital in southern Brazil, and to identify the risk factors associated with infection by both parasites. Two hundred pregnant women were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondiiand anti-Toxocaraspp. antibodies and were asked to complete an epidemiological questionnaire. In this study, the co-infection rate observed in the total population of pregnant women was 8%. In addition, women with a positive result for a serology test forToxocaraspp. were at increased risk of infection byT. gondii(P= 0.019). Co-infection with both parasites in pregnant women was associated with low birth weights in neonates. The similar modes of transmission of both parasites could explain the co-infection. Only a few previous studies have investigated this phenomenon. The findings of the present study emphasize the importance of serological diagnosis during prenatal care and further research in this area to identify risk factors associated with this co-infection, and the possible implications of this co-infection during pregnancy and on the health of newborns.
Bifurcations and symmetry in two optimal formation control problems for mobile robotic systems
Authors: Deng Baoyang , O'Connor Michael , Goodwine Bill 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThis paper studies bifurcations in the solution structure of an optimal control problem for mobile robotic formation control. In particular, this paper studies a group of mobile robots operating in a two-dimensional environment. Each robot has a predefined initial state and final state and we compute an optimal path between the two states for every robot. The path is optimized with respect to two factors, the control effort and the deviation from a desired “formation,” and a bifurcation parameter gives the relative weight given to each factor. Using an asymptotic analysis, we show that for small values of the bifurcation parameter (corresponding to heavily weighting the control effort) a single unique solution is expected, and that as the bifurcation parameter becomes large (corresponding to heavily weighting maintaining the formation) a large number of solutions is expected. Between the asymptotic extremes, a numerical investigation indicates a solution bifurcation structure with a cascade of increasing numbers of solutions, reminiscent, but not the same as, period-doubling bifurcations leading to chaos in dynamical systems. Furthermore, we show that if the system is symmetric, the bifurcation structure possesses symmetries, and also present a symmetry-breaking example of a non-holonomic system. Knowledge and understanding of the existence and structure of bifurcations in the solutions of this type of formation control problem are important for robotics engineers because common optimization approaches based on gradient-descent are only likely to converge to the single nearest solution, and a more global study provides a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the nature of this important problem in robotics.
Phonological acquisition of Korean consonants in conversational speech produced by young Korean children
Authors: KIM MINJUNG , KIM SOO-JIN , STOEL-GAMMON CAROL 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the phonological acquisition of Korean consonants using conversational speech samples collected from sixty monolingual typically developing Korean children aged two, three, and four years. Phonemic acquisition was examined for syllable-initial and syllable-final consonants. Results showed that Korean children acquired stops and nasals followed by affricates, fricatives, and the liquid. In general, Korean consonants were acquired earlier in syllable-initial position compared to syllable-final position, except for the liquid /l/. The findings are compared with previous research based on single-word assessments, and differences that appear to be associated with the unique morphological system of Korean are noted.
On a Class of Semi-Markov Risk Models Obtained as Classical Risk Models in a Markovian Environment
Authors: Reinhard Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe consider a risk model in which the claim inter-arrivals and amounts depend on a markovian environment process. Semi-Markov risk models are so introduced in a quite natural way. We derive some quantities of interest for the risk process and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the fairness of the risk (positive asymptotic non-ruin probabilities). These probabilities are explicitly calculated in a particular case (two possible states for the environment, exponential claim amounts distributions).
Détermination de la Fonction de structure d'une classe de Tarif
Authors: D'Hooge L. 
Published: July 2016

Le dépouillement statistique d'une classe de tarif hétérogène permet d'observer les fréquences relatives qi des contrats qui pendant une période de référence ont été frappés de (i — 1) sinistres.On a:et Ces fréquences déterminent dans l'espace Rm un vecteur à m composantes, que nous notons:Une base de décomposition est constituée par un éventail fini de η classes homogènes. Chaque classe homogène Ck est définie par une variable aléatoire, dont la loi de probabilité (λk) dépend du paramètre λk. Théoriquement ce paramètre peut être tout à fait général (un triplet réel p.e.); pour les applications pratiques traitées au paragraphe 4, il suffit pourtant de considérer λk comme un nombre réel.Si Pi(λk) représente la probabilité à priori d'avoir exactement (i — 1) sinistres dans la classe Ck, nous pouvons noter (λk) par: (p1(λk), p2(λk), … Pm(λk))On a:etNous supposons que les vecteurs (λk) sont linéairement indépendants.Résoudre l'hétérogénéité d'une classe de tarif consiste tout d'abord à choisir une base de décomposition, à représentation analytique connue, et puis à décomposer la classe de tarif par l'éventail des classes homogènes Ck de cette base.
Quadratic Programming in Insurance
Authors: Schmitter H. , Straub E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract and IntroductionQuadratic programming means maximizing or minimizing a quadratic function of one or more variables subject to linear restrictions i.e. linear equations and/or inequalities.Among the numerous insurance problems which can be formulated as quadratic programs we shall only discuss four, namely the Credibility, Retention, IBNR and the Cost Distribution problems.Generally, there is no explicite solution to quadratic optimization problems, only statements about the existence of a solution can be made or some algorithm may be recommended in order to get exact or approximate numerical solutions. Restricting ourselves to typical problems of the above mentioned type, however, enables us to give an explicit solution in terms of general formulae for quite a number of cases, such as the onedimensional credibility problem, the retention problem and—under relatively week assumptions— for the IBNR-problem.The results given here are by no means new. The only goal of this paper is to describe a few fundamental insurance problems from a common mathematical standpoint, namely that of quadratic programming and at the same time, to draw attention to a few special aspects and open questions in this field.