bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex ultrasound with strain elastography in the diagnosis of local recurrence of breast cancer
Authors: Savel’eva N A 
Published: April 2017

Aim. To evaluate the capacities of complex ultrasound with the use of gray scale and color coded Doppler and strain elastography in the diagnosis of local recurrence of breast cancer and to determine the position of each method in the diagnostic algorithm.
Methods. Complex ultrasound of 76 female patients with suspected local recurrence of breast cancer was performed. The study included 83 masses. Ultrasound of preserved part of the breast, postoperative scar and soft tissues of the patient’s chest was performed with the use of high frequency linear 5-12 MHz transducer of Accuvix XG scanner (Samsung Medison, South Korea). The mass was considered malignant if it had 3 and more suspicious ultrasound features in gray scale regimen or 2 and more suspicious features in gray scale regimen combined with 3 or more color stains in color coded Doppler or with elastograms types 4 and 5. According to morphologic results the masses were divided into 2 groups. The first group included 48 masses in which according to cytologic and histologic studies recurrence of breast cancer was found, the second group included 35 masses in which tumor growth was not revealed morphologically.
Results. Complex ultrasound was accurate in 90.4%. Sensitivity and specificity were 89.6 and 91.4%, respectively.
Conclusion. Complex ultrasound with the use of strain elastography is a highly informative method that in most cases allows diagnosing local recurrence of breast cancer.
Democracia nas cidades invisíveis: uma viagem para além da bilateralidade política / Democracy in the invisible cities: a voyage beyond the political bilateralism
Authors: De Souza Ana Paula Lemes , Simioni Rafael Lazzarotto 
Published: April 2017

RESUMO: Tomando como norte os protestos que eclodiram a partir do ano de 2011, incluindo a Primavera Árabe, os indignados espanhóis, os sindicatos de Wisconsin, os estudantes chilenos e o Occupy Wall Street, o fio condutor deste artigo é indagar a democracia na globalização. Usualmente, o movimento utilizou o slogan "Nós somos os 99%" e o discurso se baseava em uma desigualdade extrema e uma economia disfuncional. Embora as manifestações tenham cessado, ora por repressão, ora por exaustão, uma questão permaneceu: no mundo contemporâneo, altamente complexo, parece haver uma negação da política e de sua bilateralidade, em seu código oposição e situação, tendo a globalização encolhido ou expandido a política. Pretende-se, neste artigo, responder essa indagação, de forma a reconstruir a democracia, utilizando o viajante-mapa do romance As Cidades Invisíveis, de Italo Calvino, como ponto de partida. Igualmente, objetiva-se revelar a bilateralidade política, discutir a globalização como o despertar de um movimento de ruptura e analisar o arquivo e a memória da democracia. Como resultado, observa-se que a democracia deve revelar a sua expansão para além da forma política estatal pluripartidária, reconstruindo, incessantemente, a política. Este artigo se utilizou dos aportes da teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Niklas Luhmann. Democracia. Movimentos. Globalização. Política. ABSTRACT: Taking as north the protests erupted from the year 2011, including the Arab Spring, the Spanish ‘indignants’, the Wisconsin unions, the Chilean students and the Occupy Wall Street, the common thread of this article is to ask the democracy in globalization. Usually, the movement used the slogan "We are the 99%" and the speech was based on extreme inequality and a dysfunctional economy. Although the manifestations have ceased, or by repression or by exhaustion, a question remained: in the contemporary world, highly complex, there seems to have a denial of the politic and its bilateralism, in its opposition and situation code, and probably the globalization shrunk or expanded the politic. This article intend to answer this question, in order to reconstruct democracy, using the traveler-map of the literary work Invisible Cities, by Italo Calvino, as a starting point. Also, aims to reveal the political bilateralism, discuss globalization as an awakening of a breakthrough movement and analyze the archive and the memory of democracy. As a result, it is observed that democracy must reveal its expansion beyond the multi-party state political form, rebuilding, incessantly, the politic. This article used the contributions of the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann.KEYWORDS: Niklas Luhmann. Democracy. Movements. Globalization. Politic.
As políticas públicas em Amartya Sen: condição de agente e liberdade social/Public policies in Amartya Sen: agent condition and social freedom
Authors: Zambam Neuro José , Kujawa Henrique Aniceto 
Published: April 2017

Neste artigo abordamos a compreensão de políticas públicas em Amartya Sen e sua missão de promover a condição de agente dos cidadãos, assim como, de ampliar a liberdade social. As primeiras décadas do século XXI são marcadas pela crise do Estado do Bem Estar Social, ampliou-se o papel do mercado como o mecanismo para a satisfação das necessidades básicas e, em consequência, diminuindo os orçamentos públicos para as políticas sociais. De outra banda, houve a ampliação da vulnerabilidade social devido a problemas locais e globais relacionados às guerras, desigualdades e crises econômicas e políticas. O papel das políticas públicas e sua capacidade de ultrapassar a lógica assistencialista, de dependência, produzindo o desenvolvimento e a emancipação social são relevantes nesse contexto. O método de abordagem utilizado é a revisão bibliográfica e a análise panorâmica das políticas públicas brasileiras nas últimas décadas. A posição de Sen é a referência para avaliação da legitimidade das políticas públicas em vista do exercício da liberdade e da condição de agente dos beneficiados, sem excluir outras organizações, por exemplo, o mercado e as instituições de assistência social.ABSTRACT: In this article we discuss the understanding of public policies in Amartya Sen and its mission to promote the condition of citizens ' agent, as well as to expand the social freedom. The first decades of the 21st century are marked by the crisis of the Social Welfare State, the role of the market expanded as the engine for the satisfaction of basic needs and, as a result, decreasing public budgets for social policies. On another hand, the expansion of social vulnerability due to local and global problems related to war, inequality and economic and political crises. The role of public policies and their ability to exceed the logical benefits of dependency, producing the development and social emancipation are relevant in this context. The method of approach used is the literature review and the overview analysis of public policies in Brazil in recent decades. Sen’s position is the reference for assessing the legitimacy of public policies in view of the exercise of freedom and the agent condition of the benefited, without excluding other organizations, for example, the market and social assistance institutions.Keywords: Agent condition. Social Welfare State. Social freedom. Public policies.
The effect of method and germination paper substrate on viability of Eucalyptus pellita F. Mull seed
Authors: Yuniarti Naning , Megawati Megawati , Leksono Budi 
Published: April 2017

Improper seed handling of Eucalyptus pellita will reduce seed quality, so as to improve the viability of the seed proper handling techniques are needed. To investigate the seed germination potency as a result of seed handling germination seed tests are needed. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of germination method and paper substrate on the viability of E. pellita seeds. Seeds used in this study were from seedling seed orchard in South Sumatra, South Kalimantan, and Riau. Seed germination methods used in the laboratory tests were method of top paper and between paper tests, besides that, different papers were used such as: paper substrate namely straw paper, towel paper, filter paper, and newspaper. Factorial experimental design completely randomized was used. The results showed that: (1) the method of germination and paper substrate was significant (2) the best paper substrate and germination method was the method of top paper test with used media of newspaper (germination percentage 204 seedling /0.01 grams).
Development scenario of collaborative management at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Wakka Abdul Kadir , Awang San Afri 
Published: April 2017

Collaborative management is the most appropriate strategy in an effort to accommodate the interests of local communities in the management of protected areas. Success of collaborative management is highly dependent on the extent of identification of key factors for strategy success to compile scenarios into operational recommendations. This study aimed to formulate a collaborative management strategy for Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park (Babul NP) based on scenarios that may occur in the future. The study was conducted by observation, interviews and questionnaires to a number of expert informants and literature studies. Data was analyzed using a prospective analysis. The results showed that the development of collaboration in the future is an optimistic scenario with the increasing awareness of the interdependence of interests, improving human resource competencies, collaboration, the ability to build networks with other stakeholders, improving the ability to coordinate with relevant stakeholders and the ability to establish cooperation with them and the adequation of goverment policies to give a place to people in the utilization of the Babul NP. Application of collaborative development scenario is expected to improve Babul NP management.
Flashes de emancipación en la actuación docente e investigación universitaria de los miembros del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI)
Authors: Lopez Aristeo Santos 
Published: April 2017

El texto es una reflexión acerca del docente como un profesional que transita en la investigación; docencia; difusión y generación de la cultura y del conocimiento. Para ello, se ha escuchado voces de algunos profesores que pertenecen al Sistema Nacional de Investigadores de México, adscritos en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México UAEMEX. Hallazgos: predominio de la investigación con enfoque positivista; falta de preparación y formación para la investigación; estudios desarrollados de manera individual dentro de sus soledades; poco apoyo de recursos materiales; sin derecho a descargas de tiempo; falta de espacios, así como de equidad para la divulgación de sus investigaciones; falta de incentivo económico; producción mecanicista; sentimiento de presiones y poco reconocimiento; pocas oportunidades para seguir con sus formaciones en instituciones dentro de los estándares de calidad educativa.
Thermal Regime Effect on Gas-Transport Lines in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Akbary Hamid , Mousavi Khoshdel Seyed H. , Bolouki Azari Mohammad R. , Saeedi Alireza , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad , Ehsaninejad Akbar , Bahmannia Gholamreza H. , Babu Dasari R. 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Sea lines transporting gas toward the north (Iran) and south (Qatar and Saudi Arabia) and originating from fields located in the central parts of the Persian Gulf exhibit different thermal regimes. The lowest reported arrival temperatures of the gas were 18 and 11°C for the sea lines transporting gas to the northern and southern shores, respectively. The difference between the two is significant and could radically alter the hydrate-mitigation strategy and the associated economics. Metocean data reported in this study and from previous studies (Appendix A) show that the northern part of the Persian Gulf, which is also deeper, attains a well-mixed state during winter months. During this phase, the arrival temperature of the gas for South Pars (SP) sea lines decreases steadily and goes through a minimum at approximately the middle of February every year. In the southern region, the sea is shallow and water is more saline. Sinking of saline water when exposed to cool and dry ambient winter conditions is probably responsible for the reported abrupt decrease in arrival temperatures in the case of the Karan gas line. The immediate recovery of the same may be caused by the local wind/tide conditions. The likely origins of the observed lowest temperatures in the north and south regions are Arctic winds of short duration and desert winds of fairly long duration, respectively. This study summarizes hydrate-inhibition practices for these sea lines, and indicates a possibility of using the sea lines as “indirect thermometers” to provide important physical oceanographic data for long terms in a limited but economical way with fewer interruptions.
Conical Diamond Element Technology Delivers Step Change in Drilling Performance: Wassana Field, Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Radhakrishnan Venkataramanan , Bujnoch John , Meteerawat A. , Wannaduriyapan P. , Abbasgholipour Ali , Onkvisit Sirikanya 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Wassana field is challenging in terms of formation. Past experiences with offset wells in the field confirmed that drilling below 5,000-ft (1524-m) true vertical depth (TVD) is challenging due to the formation becoming harder and more interbedded, resulting in premature failure of conventional polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit designs. Several bit designs were tested, but most of the cutting structures were damaged when drilling below 5,000-ft (1524-m) TVD. The best strategy to optimize drilling performance in the Wassana field is to identify a suitable bit design with a durable cutting structure, which can drill beyond 5,000 ft (1524 m).
To meet the operator's goals, the service company proposed drilling the section with a new-technology bit that uses conical diamond elements (CDEs) on the bit blade with a rotary steerable system. The goals were to achieve the directional objectives in the shallow interval and successfully drill beyond the harder interval (8,000 ft TVD) down to TD. The rock strength of the formation ranges from 12,000 to 15,000 psi.
The PDC bit has CDEs with an ultrathick synthetic diamond layer, which provides extra durability for drilling at higher rate of penetration (ROP). This bit can withstand more weight on bit compared with conventional PDC bits of the same size, resulting in additional mechanical energy to penetrate the formation more efficiently. The CDEs protect the PDC bit by making it more stable, resulting in better tool face control. The 8½-in. directional section was successfully drilled to 11,200-ft 3414-m MD, which was the longest interval in the field. The strategically placed CDEs on the bit blades in conjunction with conventional PDC cutters not only increased the point loading but also enabled smoother torque control, leading to better steerability and durability. None of the offset wells achieved the feat of drilling more than 7,500 ft (2,286 m). The bit achieved the operator's goal of drilling 9,690ft [2954-m] and 10,043-ft [3061-m] MD. This result not only saved a trip but enabled the operator to gain confidence in redesigning the well profile with a greater measured depth. The operator accepted the fact that the bits with CDEs are more durable and also able to achieve the directional profiles better than conventional PDC bits. As a result, the operator changed the drilling strategy to drill longer intervals in the 8½-in. section. This strategy will increase drilling efficiency and lower the drilling risk of planning for more trips. The subsequent wells were planned using the same bit with CDEs to minimize the number of runs.
Transition from Gas Lift to Electric Submersible Pump in Wells with High Gas Volume Fraction - Avenues for Profitability in Challenging Markets - A Novel Case Study of an Indian Offshore Field
Authors: Goel Prasant , Kumar A , Duara H , Mandal T K , Rao K R , Manchalwar V V 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
27 gas lift wells of an Indian Offshore field were studied for feasibility of conversion of Gas lift mode to ESP. The wells have good productivity indices ranging from 1 barrel /day/psi to 6.9 barrel /day /psi. However, the production challenge was to operate these wells in a region where bubble point pressure was higher than the formation pressure itself and thus posed problem of gas evolution at the wellbore. During ESP operation in High Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) regions, extreme difference in the densities of the liquid and gas lead to a low pressure area in the Impeller during the pumping operation across the stages of ESP, resulting in gas accumulation. Free gas in these stages displaces liquid and lowers down the volumetric efficiency of the pump. In the past, 13 offshore wells were installed with ESP and many of these ESPs failed. Their failure analysis was used as a guiding light for designing successful ESP solution for other 27 candidate wells of the same Offshore field. Different methods & practices for handling gassy wells were studied and their application was analyzed. This study was aimed at finding solutions to mitigate the effect of gas interference in ESP while enhancing the production from the wells. Moreover, the paper also draws a strategy for future ESP pilot projects in high GVF fields.
Effective use of Chemicals to Increase Production in a Mature Asset
Authors: Fartiyal Prashant , Tiwari Amitosh , Malik Ankit , Manickavasagam Chandran , Sharma Neel Mani , Lele Sarang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Declining reservoir pressure, increasing water cuts along with dwindling well counts pose a serious challenge to any mature oil and gas field in sustaining production. In low oil price scenarios, enhancing production using conventional approaches like workover and interventions becomes challenging due to associated costs. This provided an opportunity to look for alternate approaches that are cost-effective and would help to manage these issues on a continuous basis. This paper presents techniques for augmenting productivity of well stock by mitigating a range of issues causing production losses using cost effective, easy to implement chemical based techniques. These techniques have helped the asset to significantly arrest its production decline in the late life phase.
This paper details the approach for identification of issues, selection and field implementation of right chemicals and the benefits that were realized from such applications. Case studies from BG Exploration and Production India Limited (BGEPIL) operated field in Mumbai offshore region are incorporated in this paper to highlight the effectiveness of chemical based approach in mitigating losses right from reservoir to processing platform. Some of the production issues in this mature field which have been successfully resolved using chemical based techniques are: Reservoir:○Loss of well stock due to Downhole emulsion issueWell:○Calcite Scaling deposition in wells and topsides○Liquid loading of High Gas Liquid Ratio wellsPipelines:○Back Pressure on wells due to Pipeline size limitationProcessing Facilities:○Deterioration in Heat Exchanger performance due to fouling
Process adopted includes field data acquisition, analysis using real time state-of-the-art network and process models to identify the root cause of these issues. Results from both steady state and transient models were used to select the appropriate chemicals, conduct field trials / implementation and set the success KPI's accordingly. This paper offers a holistic approach on resolving each of the discussed production issues utilizing the best available technology in the market. Trials and implementation of the various chemicals in the field have added a significant value to the asset; both by protecting and enhancing the current production. More than 20% of current field production is directly attributed to these chemical applications and expected to add more share of production in a far more challenging phase of mature asset.
The approach discussed here for each of such production issues along with the challenges that were faced during implementation will enable other assets to tackle these problems with a more cost effective and easy to implement solutions especially in low oil price environment.
The First Application of Specialty Sand Screens in Combination with Fully Integrated ESP Technology in the Nong Yao Field, Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Chigbo I. T. , Opdal S. T. , Tarasombut P. , Gordon G. , Rekijtisirikul N. , Duangprasert T. , Ridho M. , Roumi M. , Woiceshyn G. E. , Wells D. G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The production strategy in the Nong-Yao field considered the unconsolidated nature of the reservoirs and an effective drawdown strategy given the use of Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) for artificial lift. The particle size distribution analysis demonstrated a broad range of sand grain size that would ideally require sand control methods like gravel packing which was not preferred due to cost and complexity. A simpler and cost-effective solution using an advanced sand screen technology was implemented. Applying a minimum drawdown across horizontal inflow across the sand face via gradual increase of ESP frequency was initially adopted to complement the use of screen only completion.
The specially designed sand screen with compressed metal-wool was installed in 14 wells in the Nong Yao field. All wells were completed with ESP for artificial lift. After one year of production, the wells have produced sand free with no sand observed at surface, even though some wells are high water-cuts and ESP frequencies have been ramped up. Analysis performed using downhole ESP pressure data indicate very low draw-down across the sand face, suggesting no issues with downhole plugging of the screens. This observation shows that the implemented completion design, along with the production start-up strategy is working well. This same strategy is being applied in the next phase of the field development.
This is the first application of the compressed metal-wool sand screen in the Gulf of Thailand. The analysis and deployment of this sand control method to fit the reservoir sand characteristics, in combination with artificial lift and production strategy to meet operational challenges, to reduce development cost and to achieve production performance. The success achieved with this in the Nong Yao field could be extended to other marginal field developments, which have similar sand face completion challenges.