bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subversion of host kinases: a key network in cellular signaling hijacked by Helicobacter pylori CagA
Authors: Tegtmeyer Nicole , Neddermann Matthias , Asche Carmen Isabell , Backert Steffen 
Published: May 2017

SummaryHelicobacter pylori is a paradigm of persistent pathogens and major risk factor for developing severe diseases including adenocarcinoma in the human stomach. An important bacterial factor linked to gastric disease progression is the cag pathogenicity island‐encoded type‐IV secretion system (T4SS) effector protein CagA. Translocated CagA undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at EPIYA‐motifs and then activates or inactivates multiple host signaling proteins in a phosphorylation‐dependent and phosphorylation‐independent fashion. In this way, intracellular CagA acts as a ‘masterkey’ or ‘picklock’, which evolved during evolution to hijack key host cell signal transduction functions. Crucial targets of CagA represent a variety of serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases, which control major checkpoints of eukaryotic signaling. Here we review the signal transmission by translocated CagA on multiple receptor kinases (c‐Met and EGFR) and non‐receptor kinases (Src, Abl, Csk, aPKC, Par1, PI3K, Akt, FAK, GSK‐3, JAK, PAK1, PAK2 and MAP kinases), manipulating a selection of fundamental processes in the human gastric epithelium such as cell adhesion, polarity, proliferation, motility, receptor endocytosis, cytoskeletal rearrangements, apoptosis, inflammation and cell cycle progression. This enormous complexity generates a highly remarkable and puzzling scenario during H. pylori infection. The contribution of these signaling pathways to bacterial survival, persistence and gastric pathogenesis is discussed.
Lon protease modulates virulence traits in Erwinia amylovora by direct monitoring of major regulators and indirectly through the Rcs and Gac‐Csr regulatory systems
Authors: Lee Jae Hoon , Ancona Veronica , Zhao Youfu 
Published: May 2017

SummaryLon, an ATP‐dependent protease in bacteria, influences diverse cellular processes by degrading damaged, misfolded and short‐lived regulatory proteins. In this study, we characterized the effects of lon mutation and determined the molecular mechanisms underlying Lon‐mediated virulence regulation in Erwinia amylovora, an enterobacterial pathogen of apple. Erwinia amylovora depends on the type III secretion system (T3SS) and the exopolysaccharide (EPS) amylovoran to cause disease. Our results showed that mutation of the lon gene led to the overproduction of amylovoran, increased T3SS gene expression and the non‐motile phenotype. Western blot analyses showed that mutation in lon directly affected the accumulation and stability of HrpS/HrpA and RcsA. Mutation in lon also indirectly influenced the expression of flhD, hrpS and csrB through the accumulation of the RcsA/RcsB proteins, which bind to the promoter of these genes. In addition, lon expression is under the control of CsrA, possibly at both the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels. Although mutation in csrA abolished both T3SS and amylovoran production, deletion of the lon gene in the csrA mutant only rescued amylovoran production, but not T3SS. These results suggest that CsrA might positively control both T3SS and amylovoran production partly by suppressing Lon, whereas CsrA may also play a critical role in T3SS by affecting unknown targets.
Bone core and implant retrieval tool – a review of three trephine bur systems
Authors: Badr Mohamed , Coulthard Paul , Oliver Richard 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo assess and compare the difficulty and structural integrity of bone core harvesting and retrieval prior to implant placement using three different trephine bur systems.MethodsBone core samples were harvested from patients scheduled to receive maxillary dental implants following iliac crest bone graft augmentation. Three trephine bur systems were used and comparison was based on the retrieval time, sample integrity, and implant stability.ResultsDifferences existed between the systems in terms of difficulty and the retrieved bone cores. The formerly planned implant size could be placed in all cases. More structurally intact cores could be achieved although this came at the expense of reliability.ConclusionsThe Easy Retrieve trephine bur system might be recommended in situations where bone sample structural integrity is paramount. Nevertheless, the potential reliability issue with the smaller bur in this system should be taken into consideration.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeted mutagenesis of GmFT2a delays flowering time in soya bean
Authors: Cai Yupeng , Chen Li , Liu Xiujie , Guo Chen , Sun Shi , Wu Cunxiang , Jiang Bingjun , Han Tianfu , Hou Wensheng 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFlowering is an indication of the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and has considerable effects on the life cycle of soya bean (Glycine max). In this study, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to specifically induce targeted mutagenesis of GmFT2a, an integrator in the photoperiod flowering pathway in soya bean. The soya bean cultivar Jack was transformed with three sgRNA/Cas9 vectors targeting different sites of endogenous GmFT2a via Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation. Site‐directed mutations were observed at all targeted sites by DNA sequencing analysis. T1‐generation soya bean plants homozygous for null alleles of GmFT2a frameshift mutated by a 1‐bp insertion or short deletion exhibited late flowering under natural conditions (summer) in Beijing, China (N39°58′, E116°20′). We also found that the targeted mutagenesis was stably heritable in the following T2 generation, and the homozygous GmFT2a mutants exhibited late flowering under both long‐day and short‐day conditions. We identified some ‘transgene‐clean’ soya bean plants that were homozygous for null alleles of endogenous GmFT2a and without any transgenic element from the T1 and T2 generations. These ‘transgene‐clean’ mutants of GmFT2a may provide materials for more in‐depth research of GmFT2a functions and the molecular mechanism of photoperiod responses in soya bean. They will also contribute to soya bean breeding and regional introduction.
Randomized crossover trial of a pressure sensing visual feedback system to improve mask fitting in noninvasive ventilation
Authors: Brill Anne‐Kathrin , Moghal Mohammad , Morrell Mary J. , Simonds Anita K. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveA good mask fit, avoiding air leaks and pressure effects on the skin are key elements for a successful noninvasive ventilation (NIV). However, delivering practical training for NIV is challenging, and it takes time to build experience and competency. This study investigated whether a pressure sensing system with real‐time visual feedback improved mask fitting.MethodsDuring an NIV training session, 30 healthcare professionals (14 trained in mask fitting and 16 untrained) performed two mask fittings on the same healthy volunteer in a randomized order: one using standard mask‐fitting procedures and one with additional visual feedback on mask pressure on the nasal bridge. Participants were required to achieve a mask fit with low mask pressure and minimal air leak (<10 L/min). Pressure exerted on the nasal bridge, perceived comfort of mask fit and staff‐ confidence were measured.ResultsCompared with standard mask fitting, a lower pressure was exerted on the nasal bridge using the feedback system (71.1 ± 17.6 mm Hg vs 63.2 ± 14.6 mm Hg, P < 0.001). Both untrained and trained healthcare professionals were able to reduce the pressure on the nasal bridge (74.5 ± 21.2 mm Hg vs 66.1 ± 17.4 mm Hg, P = 0.023 and 67 ± 12.1 mm Hg vs 60 ± 10.6 mm Hg, P = 0.002, respectively) using the feedback system and self‐rated confidence increased in the untrained group.ConclusionReal‐time visual feedback using pressure sensing technology supported healthcare professionals during mask‐fitting training, resulted in a lower pressure on the skin and better mask fit for the volunteer, with increased staff confidence.
Kinematics and timing of continental block deformation from margins to interiors
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhou Liyun , Luo Zhaohua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDuring the deformation of continental blocks, the magnitude of tectonic stress generally decreases with increasing distance from the margin of the block. However, the timing and kinematics of stress transmission from the margins to the interiors of continents are poorly resolved, even though this information is critical to our understanding of the dynamics of continental deformation. Here, we present a case study of Mesozoic deformation of the North China Craton (NCC). Field investigations of Mesozoic thrust faults and folds, granitic intrusions and dykes, combined with zircon SHRIMP and LA–ICP–MS dating and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages, reveal the age of the NE–SW‐trending tectonic belts as ~180–155 Ma, where the deformation of the craton margin occurred 10–20 Ma earlier than that of the craton's interior. Although the kinematics of deformation are similar for the interior and the margin of the NCC, strain decreases with increasing distance from the margin. Notably, the bulk of the strain in the cratonic interior was focused in zones of pre‐existing weakness. Overall, we determined that the NCC deformed under conditions of uniaxial compression, a conclusion that is compatible with simple rheological models, and that the stress magnitude attained in the cratonic interior was much less than that along its margin.
Malignancies in hepatitis C virus‐positive and ‐negative kidney transplant recipients: A case‐controlled study
Authors: Dörr Gaëlle , Del Bello Arnaud , Abravanel Florence , Marion Olivier , Cointault Olivier , Ribes David , Lavayssière Laurence , Esposito Laure , Nogier Marie Béatrice , Hebral Anne Laure , Sauné Karine , Izopet Jacques , Kamar Nassim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundMalignancies and lymphoma are common complications after kidney transplantation. However, no link has been made between the incidence of malignancies and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in this setting. This case‐controlled study compared the incidence of malignancies, including lymphoma, between kidney transplant (KT) patients with or without HCV replication.Patients and MethodsA total of 99 HCV‐positive RNA‐positive KT patients were matched with 198 (1:2) anti‐HCV‐negative patients according to age, gender, and date of transplantation, and were followed for 145.8±78.4 months.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 28 HCV‐positive (28%) cases developed at least one cancer, and 64 (32%) patients developed cancer in the HCV‐negative group (P=not significant [ns]). Survival without a cancer was similar between both groups. Thirteen HCV‐positive patients (13%) developed at least one solid cancer vs 29 (15%) HCV‐negative patients (P=ns). Survival without a solid cancer was similar between both groups. Three patients from the HCV‐positive and 4 from the HCV‐negative group developed a lymphoma. Only 2 patients from the HCV group died from hepatocellular carcinoma. Survival without a skin cancer was similar between both groups. Patient and death‐censored graft survival rates were significantly lower in the HCV group.ConclusionThe incidences and types of malignancies were similar in the HCV‐positive and HCV‐negative KT patients.
Isolation of tissues and preservation of RNA from intact, germinated barley grain
Authors: Betts Natalie S. , Berkowitz Oliver , Liu Ruijie , Collins Helen M. , Skadhauge Birgitte , Dockter Christoph , Burton Rachel A. , Whelan James , Fincher Geoffrey B. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIsolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) aleurone layers have been widely used as a model system for studying gene expression and hormonal regulation in germinating cereal grains. A serious technological limitation of this approach has been the inability to confidently extrapolate conclusions obtained from isolated tissues back to the whole grain, where the co‐location of several living and non‐living tissues results in complex tissue–tissue interactions and regulatory pathways coordinated across the multiple tissues. Here we have developed methods for isolating fragments of aleurone, starchy endosperm, embryo, scutellum, pericarp‐testa, husk and crushed cell layers from germinated grain. An important step in the procedure involves the rapid fixation of the intact grain to freeze the transcriptional activity of individual tissues while dissection is effected for subsequent transcriptomic analyses. The developmental profiles of 19 611 gene transcripts were precisely defined in the purified tissues and in whole grain during the first 24 h of germination by RNA sequencing. Spatial and temporal patterns of transcription were validated against well‐defined data on enzyme activities in both whole grain and isolated tissues. Transcript profiles of genes involved in mitochondrial assembly and function were used to validate the very early stages of germination, while the profiles of genes involved in starch and cell wall mobilisation matched existing data on activities of corresponding enzymes. The data will be broadly applicable for the interrogation of co‐expression and differential expression patterns and for the identification of transcription factors that are important in the early stages of grain and seed germination.
Canine reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET‐He) in different types of iron‐deficient erythropoiesis
Authors: Fuchs Jannika , Moritz Andreas , Grußendorf Esther , Lechner Jörg , Neuerer Felix , Nickel Rafael , Rieker Thomas , Schwedes Claudia , DeNicola Dennis B. , Russell James , Bauer Natali 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundReticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET‐He) is a diagnostic marker for iron deficiency (ID) in people and dogs.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical utility of RET‐He in the diagnosis of different causes of iron‐deficient erythropoiesis (IDE).MethodsCanine CBCs were separated into 2 groups according to RET‐He values, < 20.9 pg or ≥ 20.9 pg. Erythrocyte and reticulocyte variables were compared between dogs with decreased and normal RET‐He values. Additional data for a subgroup of dogs were collected, and dogs with low RET‐He values were categorized as having ID, inflammatory disorders (INFL), portosystemic shunt (PSS), miscellaneous diseases (MISC), or combinations of these diseases (ID+INFL, ID+PSS). Hematologic variables were compared between dogs of the different disease groups.ResultsOverall, 10.3% (1084/10,553) of canine CBCs showed decreased RET‐He values. Significant differences between dogs with decreased and normal RET‐He values were found for all erythrocyte and reticulocyte variables. The majority (68.9%, 747/1084) of dogs with low RET‐He values was anemic; 28.9% (216/747) of those anemic dogs had microcytosis and hypochromasia. In the subgroup of dogs, 8.9% (205/2306) had low RET‐He values. According to their diagnosed diseases, anemic dogs (138/205) could be categorized as ID (17/138; 12.3%), INFL (16/138; 11.6%), PSS (30/138; 21.7%), ID+INFL (63/138; 45.7%), ID+PSS (8/138; 5.8%), and MISC (4/138; 2.9%). Distribution in nonanemic dogs (67/205) was similar, except for a lower number of dogs with PSS.ConclusionsLow RET‐He values indicate IDE even in dogs with other CBC variables within the RIs.
Retrospective evaluation of the impact of early enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes in dogs with pancreatitis: 34 cases (2010–2013)
Authors: Harris Jessica P. , Parnell Nolie K. , Griffith Emily H. , Saker Korinn E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of early enteral nutritional therapy on time to return to voluntary intake, maximum food consumption, incidence of gastrointestinal intolerance (GI), and total hospitalization time for dogs with acute pancreatitis.Design and SettingRetrospective analysis of dogs with pancreatitis at a veterinary teaching hospital between 2010 and 2013.AnimalsThirty‐four client‐owned dogs diagnosed with acute or acute‐on‐chronic pancreatitis.Procedures and InterventionsMedical records of dogs evaluated for inappetence, anorexia, and GI for which a diagnosis of pancreatitis was recorded were reviewed. The time to initiation of food offerings since hospitalization were recorded in addition to signalment, historical medical conditions, chief complaint, physical examination findings, diagnostic results, treatments provided, timing of food offering (within 48 h of hospitalization, early feeding group (EFG) versus delayed feeding group (DFG), diet therapy (low fat versus high fat), caloric intake (% resting energy requirement), incidence of GI (%), and length of hospitalization (LOH) (days). A Clinical Severity Index Score (CSIS) was determined for each patient.Measurements and Main ResultsDogs in the EFG demonstrated a decreased time to return of voluntary intake (2.1 days, EFG versus 2.7 days, DFG;P= 0.05) and time (days) to maximum intake (3, EFG versus 3.4 DFG) as compared to the DFG dogs. The DFG exhibited more GI versus EFG irrespective of CSIS grouping (60% versus 26%,P= 0.04). A CSIS ≥ 7 was associated with prolonged LOH (P= 0.004); however, time to initiation of feeding and diet selection did not impact LOH (P= 0.8).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceResults of the study suggested that feeding within 48 hours of hospitalization for canine pancreatitis has a positive impact on return to voluntary intake and decreases the frequency of GI in these patients, independent of CSIS. The traditional protocol of withholding food during hospitalization may not be necessary nor yield the most benefit for patient recovery; subsequently early enteral refeeding should be considered.
Scotopic electroretinography in fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)
Authors: Sussadee Metita , Vorawattanatham Narathip , Pinyopummin Anuchai , Phavaphutanon Janjira , Thayananuphat Aree 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo establish baseline normal scotopic electroretinograpic (ERG) parameters for two wild cat species: fishing cats (FC) and leopard cats (LC).Animal studiedTwelve normal, FC and eight LC kept in the Chiang Mai Night Safari Zoo, Thailand. The mean ages of FC and LC were 7.08 and 5.00 years, respectively.ProcedureAll animals were studied using a standard scotopic protocol of a portable, handheld, multi‐species electroretinography (HMsERG).ResultsThere were significant differences in the means of ERG b‐wave amplitude of the rod response (Rod, 0.01 cd.s/m2), a‐ and b‐wave amplitudes of standard light intensity of rod and cone response (Std R&C, 3 cd.s/m2) and b‐wave amplitude of high light intensity of rod and cone response (Hi‐int R&C, 10 cd.s/m2) with LC having higher amplitudes than FC. There was no significant difference in a‐ and b‐ wave implicit time except for the b‐wave of Hi‐int (P=0.03). No significant differences were observed in b/a amplitude ratios.ConclusionsData from this report provides reference values for scotopic ERG measurements in these two wild cat species. It showed that the normal scotopic ERG responses have some differences between the two species which might be due to the skull conformation, eye size or physiology of the retina.
The Relationship of Physiopsychosocial Factors and Spiritual Well‐Being in Elderly Residents: Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Chen Yi‐Heng , Lin Li‐Chan , Chuang Li‐Lan , Chen Mei‐Li 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundOlder adults in residential settings frequently suffer from functional decline, mental illness, and social isolation, which make them more vulnerable to spiritual distress. However, empirical evidence of the interrelationships between physiopsychosocial variables and spiritual well‐being are still lacking, limiting the application of the biopsychosocial–spiritual model in institutional healthcare practice.AimsTo explain the mechanisms by which these variables are linked, this cross‐sectional study tested a causal model of predictors of spiritual well‐being among 377 institutionalized older adults with disability using a structural equation modeling approach.MethodsThe primary variables in the hypothesized model were measured using the Barthel Index for functional ability, the Geriatric Depression Scale‐short form for depression, the Personal Resources Questionnaire 85‐Part 2 for perceived social support, and the Spiritual Well‐Being Scale for spiritual well‐being.ResultsThe model fit indices suggest that the hypothesized model had a reasonably adequate model fit (χ2 = 12.18, df = 6, p = .07, goodness‐of‐fitness index [GFI] = 0.99, adjusted GIF index [AGFI] = 0.93, nonnormed fit index [NFI] = 0.99, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.99). In this study, perceived social support and depression directly affected spiritual well‐being, and functional ability indirectly affected spiritual well‐being via perceived social support or depression. In addition, functional ability influenced perceived social support directly, which in turn influenced depression and ultimately influenced spiritual well‐being.DiscussionThis study results confirm the effect of physiopsychosocial factors on institutionalized older adults’ spiritual well‐being. However, the presence and level of functional disability do not necessarily influence spiritual well‐being in late life unless it is disruptive to social relationships and is thus bound to lead to low perceived social support and the onset of depression.Linking Evidence to ActionThe findings address the fact that the practice of spirituality is multidimensional and multileveled. Psychosocial interventions for institutionalized elders with disabilities should focus on increasing nurse‐patient interaction and providing access to meaningful social activities to improve mental health and spiritual well‐being.
Perspectives in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Based Microcombined Heat and
Power Systems
Authors: Ahmed Khaliq , Föger Karl 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Fuel cell technology has undergone extensive research and development in the past 20 years. Even though it has not yet made a commercial breakthrough, it is still seen as a promising enabling technology for emissions reduction. The high electrical efficiency (Powell et al., 2012, “Demonstration of a Highly Efficient Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power System Using Adiabatic Steam Reforming and Anode Gas Recirculation,” J. Power Sources, 205, pp. 377–384; Föger and Payne, 2014, “Ceramic Fuel Cells BlueGen—Market Introduction Experience,” 11th European SOFC & SOE Forum 2014, Lucerne, Switzerland, Paper No. A0503; and Payne et al., 2009, “Generating Electricity at 60% Electrical Efficiency From 1-2 kWe SOFC Products,” ECS Trans., 25(2), pp. 231–240) of an solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-based fuel cell system and the ability to operate on renewable fuels make it an ideal platform for transition from fossil-fuel dependency to a sustainable world relying on renewable energy, by reducing emissions during the transition period where fossil fuels including natural gas remain a major source of energy. Key technical hurdles to commercialization are cost, life, and reliability. Despite significant advances in all areas of the technology cost and durability targets (Papageorgopoulos, 2012, “Fuel Cells, 2012 Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting,” U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, accessed May 14, 2012, http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review12/fc_plenary_papageorgopoulos_2012_o.pdf) have not been met. The major contribution to cost comes from tailor-made balance of plant (BoP) components as SOFC-based systems cannot be optimized functionally with off-the shelf commercial items, and cost targets for BoP and stack cannot be met without volume manufacturing (Föger, 2008, “Materials Basics for Fuel Cells,” Materials for Fuel Cells, M. Gasik ed., Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp. 6–63). Reliability issues range from stack degradation and mechanical failure and BoP component failure to grid-interface issues in a grid-connected distributed generation system. Resolving some of these issues are a key to the commercial viability of SOFC-based microcombined heat and power (CHP) systems. This paper highlights some of the technical and practical challenges facing developers of SOFC-based products.