bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Peculiar Light Curve of J1415+1320: A Case Study in Extreme Scattering Events
Authors: Vedantham H. K. , Readhead A. C. S. , Hovatta T. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Pearson T. J. , Blandford R. D. , Gurwell M. A. , Lähteenmäki A. , Max-Moerbeck W. , Pavlidou V. , Ravi V. , Reeves R. A. , Richards J. L. , Tornikoski M. , Zensus J. A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The radio light curve of J1415+1320 (PKS 1413+135) shows time-symmetric and recurring U-shaped features across the centimeter-wave and millimeter-wave bands. The symmetry of these features points to lensing by an intervening object as the cause. U-shaped events in radio light curves in the centimeter-wave band have previously been attributed to Extreme scattering events (ESE). ESEs are thought to be the result of lensing by compact plasma structures in the Galactic interstellar medium, but the precise nature of these plasma structures remains unknown. Since the strength of a plasma lens evolves with wavelength λ as

, the presence of correlated variations at over a wide wavelength range casts doubt on the canonical ESE interpretation for J1415+1320. In this paper, we critically examine the evidence for plasma lensing in J1415+1320. We compute limits on the lensing strength and the associated free–free opacity of the putative plasma lenses. We compare the observed and model ESE light curves, and also derive a lower limit on the lens distance based on the effects of parallax due to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. We conclude that plasma lensing is not a viable interpretation for J1415+1320's light curves and that symmetric U-shaped features in the radio light curves of extragalactic sources do not present prima facie evidence for ESEs. The methodology presented here is generic enough to be applicable to any plasma-lensing candidate.
Patient Acceptable Symptom State in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients Succeeds Across Different Patient-reported Outcome Measures Assessing Physical Function, But Fails Across Other Dimensions and Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Mahler Elien A.M. , Boers Nadine , Bijlsma Johannes W.J. , van den Hoogen Frank H.J. , den Broeder Alfons A. , van den Ende Cornelia H.M. 
Published: August 2017

Objective.The aims of this study are (1) to establish the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) cutoff values of different patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) assessing physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and (2) to assess the influence of sex, age, duration of symptoms, and presence of depressive feelings on being in PASS.Methods.Patients fulfilling the clinical American College of Rheumatology knee OA criteria received standardized nonsurgical treatment and completed different questionnaires at baseline and 3 months assessing physical function: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lequesne Algofunctional Index, Lower Extremity Functional Scale, numerical rating scale, and the physical function subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. PASS values were defined as the 75th percentile of the score of questionnaires for those patients who consider their state acceptable.Results.Of the 161 included patients, 62% were women with a mean age of 59 years (SD 9) and body mass index of 30 kg/m2 (SD 5). Standardized PASS values (95% CI) for different questionnaires for physical function varied between 48 (44–54) and 54 (50–56). Female patients and patients feeling depressed were found to have a lower probability to be in PASS for physical function, with OR (95% CI) varying from 0.45 (0.23–0.91) to 0.50 (0.26–0.97) and from 0.27 (0.14–0.55) to 0.38 (0.19–0.77), respectively.Conclusion.PASS cutoff values for physical function are robust across different PROM in patients with knee OA. Our results indicate that PASS values are not consistent across dimensions and rheumatic diseases, and that the use of a generic PASS value for patients with OA or even patients with other rheumatic diseases might not be justifiable.
Quantitative Features of the Choriocapillaris in Healthy Individuals Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Al-Sheikh Mayss , Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi , Pfau Maximilian , Uji Akihito , Le Phillip P. , Sadda SriniVas R. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To quantify vessel density (VD) and grey value (GV) as a measure of flow in the choriocapillaris (CC) in healthy subjects with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this prospective, noncomparative case series, 3 mm × 3 mm OCTA images of 36 eyes of 22 healthy individuals were obtained using a swept-source instrument. VD and GV levels were calculated on CC en face slabs in the central 1-mm (subfoveal field) and surrounding 2.5-mm parafoveal ring. VD was calculated as a ratio of vessel area over nonvessel area following image binarization. GV was computed as the mean, un-normalized greyscale intensity value for all pixels in the region of interest. For each eye, the procedure was repeated 1 minute to 2 minutes later and intersession repeatability was analyzed. The choroidal thickness (CT) was automatically measured in the subfoveal and parafoveal regions and compared to VD and GV values.

RESULTS:
The VD ratio and GV was lower in the subfoveal field than in the parafoveal four sectors. The intersession intraclass correlation coefficients were high for both VD and GV measurements. There was no correlation observed between CT and VD or GV.

CONCLUSIONS:
Quantitative metrics can be obtained from CC OCTA en face images. These values show moderate to good intersession repeatability. These normative data may be of value as a reference of comparison in future studies of eyes with disease.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:623–631.]
Distinguishing White Dot Syndromes With Patterns of Choroidal Hypoperfusion on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Wang Jay C. , Laíns Inês , Sobrin Lucia , Miller John B. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare patterns of choroidal hypoperfusion in white dot syndromes (WDS) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Consecutive patients with WDS were imaged with either the Zeiss AngioPlex OCT Angiography (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) or the AngioVue OCT Angiography (Optovue, Fremont, CA) from February to November 2016. Four patients with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR), presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS), and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) were selected. This study was approved by the institutional review board at Massachusetts Eye and Ear.

RESULTS:
Unique patterns of choroidal hypoperfusion were observed. In POHS and MEWDS, areas of choroidal hypoperfusion correlated well with clinically observed pathology, but in APMPPE and BCR, they were more widespread.

CONCLUSION:
OCTA can identify different patterns of choroidal hypoperfusion in APMPPE, BCR, POHS, and MEWDS, which appears to be a shared feature of WDS.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:638–646.]
Vascular Density of Retinal Capillary Plexuses in Different Subtypes of Macular Hole
Authors: Pierro Luisa , Rabiolo Alessandro , Iuliano Lorenzo , Gagliardi Marco , Panico Davide , Bandello Francesco 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare vessel density and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area among eyes with full-thickness macular hole (FTMH), lamellar macular hole (LMH), and macular pseudohole (MPH) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Cross-sectional study involving 10 eyes with idiopathic FTMH, 10 eyes with LMH, 10 eyes with MPH, 17 unaffected fellow eyes, and 10 healthy controls. All patients underwent 3 mm × 3 mm OCTA centered on the macula. Vessel density and FAZ area were calculated.

RESULTS:

In the deep capillary plexus, FTMHs disclosed the highest vessel density (82.7% ± 16.8%), superior to LMHs (63.7% ± 5.9%;
P
= .0092), MPHs (37.8% ± 2.5%;
P
= .0011), and controls (53.0% ± 12.2%;
P
< .0001). In the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), MPHs had the lowest vascular density. Fellow eyes had reduced vascular density at SCP compared to control eyes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Microvascular changes are evident in different subtypes of macular holes. Unaffected fellow eyes exhibit early involvement of SCP.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:648–654.]
Morphologic and Postoperative Fixation Characteristics of the Macular Epiretinal Membrane in Young Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Tian Tian , Chen Chunli , Jin Haiying , Zhang Qi , Xu Yu , Wang Shiyuan , Zhang Xiang , Zhao Peiquan 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe morphologic characteristics, surgical outcomes, postoperative preferred retinal loci (PRL), and fixation stability of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in young patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This retrospective study analyzed 43 eyes of 41 young patients (age range: 0.8 years to 28 years) with ERMs, which were divided into two groups: secondary ERMs (SERMs; n = 28) and idiopathic ERMs (IERMs; n = 13). All 43 eyes underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy and membrane peeling. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans and microperimetry were used to analyze morphologic and fixation characteristics, respectively.

RESULTS:

Premacular fibrosis was more common in SERMs group (
P
= .006). SERMs were also associated with less external limiting membrane (ELM) (
P
= .008) and ellipsoid zone visibility (
P
= .008) compared with IERMs. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 20 eyes (69%) with SERMs (
P
= .005) and in 12 eyes (86%) with IERMs (
P
= .13). From the analysis of the postoperative fixation characteristics, there was a linear correlation between visual acuity and fixation stability (R
2
= 0.495).

CONCLUSION:
BCVA improved significantly in young patients with ERM, even in cases with a severely disrupted ELM and ellipsoid zone. More attention should be paid to the postoperative fixation location and stability.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:655–662.]
A Comparative Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Concussion on a Computerized Neurocognitive Test and Self-Reported Symptoms
Authors: Alsalaheen Bara , Stockdale Kayla , Pechumer Dana , Broglio Steven P. , Marchetti Gregory F. 
Published: August 2017

Context:
Meta-analyses examining construct-specific cognitive impairment concurrently with self-reported symptoms postconcussion are sparse.

Objective:
To review the literature on the effects of concussion on construct-specific neurocognitive declines and to compare them with self-reported symptoms before 1 week and between 1 and 3 weeks postconcussion.

Data Sources:
Relevant studies in PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO published from January 1, 1999 through November 30, 2015.

Study Selection:
Studies were included if participants completed the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) before and after concussion and if test performance and Postconcussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scores were reported at both times.

Data Extraction:
After reviewing the full texts, we extracted data from 17 studies consisting of 29 independent samples; therefore, this meta-analysis consisted of 1777 unique participants.

Data Synthesis:
The Hedges g effect size (ES) was estimated. A random-effects or fixed-effects model was used based on heterogeneity findings. When heterogeneity was present, we used meta-regression to assess unexplained between-studies variance. Within the first week of injury, the ESs were small to moderate for cognitive declines, ranging from −0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.52, −0.35) to −0.67 (95% CI = −0.77, −0.58), and large for the PCSS score (Hedges g = −0.81; 95% CI = −0.91, −0.71). After 1 week, the ESs for cognitive declines (Hedges g range = −0.25 [95% CI = −0.35, −0.15] to −0.37 [95% CI = −0.55, −0.19]) and PCSS score (Hedges g = −0.38; 95% CI = −0.53, −0.22) were also small. Within 2 weeks of injury, PCSS score and time since injury weakly moderated the cognitive ES.

Conclusions:
When a neurocognitive test was administered within 1 week of injury, the ES was larger for self-reported symptoms than for ImPACT scores generated at the same session. After 1 week of injury, the ESs for ImPACT and PCSS scores were comparable. If the athlete reports symptoms within 1 week of injury, administering a cognitive test does not appear to offer additional information to the clinician. However, if the athlete does not report symptoms postconcussion, cognitive testing may inform the clinical management of the injury.
Sources of springtime surface black carbon in the Arctic: an adjoint analysis for April 2008
Authors: Qi Ling , Li Qinbin , Henze Daven K. , Tseng Hsien-Liang , He Cenlin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We quantify source contributions to springtime (April 2008) surface black carbon (BC) in the Arctic by interpreting surface observations of BC at five receptor sites (Denali, Barrow, Alert, Zeppelin, and Summit) using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and its adjoint. Contributions to BC at Barrow, Alert, and Zeppelin are dominated by Asian anthropogenic sources (40–43 %) before 18 April and by Siberian open biomass burning emissions (29–41 %) afterward. In contrast, Summit, a mostly free tropospheric site, has predominantly an Asian anthropogenic source contribution (24–68 %, with an average of 45 %). We compute the adjoint sensitivity of BC concentrations at the five sites during a pollution episode (20–25 April) to global emissions from 1 March to 25 April. The associated contributions are the combined results of these sensitivities and BC emissions. Local and regional anthropogenic sources in Alaska are the largest anthropogenic sources of BC at Denali (63 % of total anthropogenic contributions), and natural gas flaring emissions in the western extreme north of Russia (WENR) are the largest anthropogenic sources of BC at Zeppelin (26 %) and Alert (13 %). We find that long-range transport of emissions from Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (also known as Jing–Jin–Ji), the biggest urbanized region in northern China, contribute significantly (∼ 10 %) to surface BC across the Arctic. On average, it takes ∼ 12 days for Asian anthropogenic emissions and Siberian biomass burning emissions to reach the Arctic lower troposphere, supporting earlier studies. Natural gas flaring emissions from the WENR reach Zeppelin in about a week. We find that episodic transport events dominate BC at Denali (87 %), a site outside the Arctic front, which is a strong transport barrier. The relative contribution of these events to surface BC within the polar dome is much smaller (∼ 50 % at Barrow and Zeppelin and ∼ 10 % at Alert). The large contributions from Asian anthropogenic sources are predominately in the form of chronic pollution (∼ 40 % at Barrow, 65 % at Alert, and 57 % at Zeppelin) on about a 1-month timescale. As such, it is likely that previous studies using 5- or 10-day trajectory analyses strongly underestimated the contribution from Asia to surface BC in the Arctic.
A global hotspot for dissolved organic carbon in hypermaritime watersheds of coastal British Columbia
Authors: Oliver Allison A. , Tank Suzanne E. , Giesbrecht Ian , Korver Maartje C. , Floyd William C. , Sanborn Paul , Bulmer Chuck , Lertzman Ken P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The perhumid region of the coastal temperate rainforest (CTR) of Pacific North America is one of the wettest places on Earth and contains numerous small catchments that discharge freshwater and high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) directly to the coastal ocean. However, empirical data on the flux and composition of DOC exported from these watersheds are scarce. We established monitoring stations at the outlets of seven catchments on Calvert and Hecate islands, British Columbia, which represent the rain-dominated hypermaritime region of the perhumid CTR. Over several years, we measured stream discharge, stream water DOC concentration, and stream water dissolved organic-matter (DOM) composition. Discharge and DOC concentrations were used to calculate DOC fluxes and yields, and DOM composition was characterized using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The areal estimate of annual DOC yield in water year 2015 was 33.3 Mg C km−2 yr−1, with individual watersheds ranging from an average of 24.1 to 37.7 Mg C km−2 yr−1. This represents some of the highest DOC yields to be measured at the coastal margin. We observed seasonality in the quantity and composition of exports, with the majority of DOC export occurring during the extended wet period (September–April). Stream flow from catchments reacted quickly to rain inputs, resulting in rapid export of relatively fresh, highly terrestrial-like DOM. DOC concentration and measures of DOM composition were related to stream discharge and stream temperature and correlated with watershed attributes, including the extent of lakes and wetlands, and the thickness of organic and mineral soil horizons. Our discovery of high DOC yields from these small catchments in the CTR is especially compelling as they deliver relatively fresh, highly terrestrial organic matter directly to the coastal ocean. Hypermaritime landscapes are common on the British Columbia coast, suggesting that this coastal margin may play an important role in the regional processing of carbon and in linking terrestrial carbon to marine ecosystems.
Snow observations in Mount Lebanon (2011–2016)
Authors: Fayad Abbas , Gascoin Simon , Faour Ghaleb , Fanise Pascal , Drapeau Laurent , Somma Janine , Fadel Ali , Al Bitar Ahmad , Escadafal Richard 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We present a unique meteorological and snow observational dataset in Mount Lebanon, a mountainous region with a Mediterranean climate, where snowmelt is an essential water resource. The study region covers the recharge area of three karstic river basins (total area of 1092 km2 and an elevation up to 3088 m). The dataset consists of (1) continuous meteorological and snow height observations, (2) snowpack field measurements, and (3) medium-resolution satellite snow cover data. The continuous meteorological measurements at three automatic weather stations (MZA, 2296 m; LAQ, 1840 m; and CED, 2834 m a.s.l.) include surface air temperature and humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction, incoming and reflected shortwave irradiance, and snow height, at 30 min intervals for the snow seasons (November–June) between 2011 and 2016 for MZA and between 2014 and 2016 for CED and LAQ. Precipitation data were filtered and corrected for Geonor undercatch. Observations of snow height (HS), snow water equivalent, and snow density were collected at 30 snow courses located at elevations between 1300 and 2900 m a.s.l. during the two snow seasons of 2014–2016 with an average revisit time of 11 days. Daily gap-free snow cover extent (SCA) and snow cover duration (SCD) maps derived from MODIS snow products are provided for the same period (2011–2016). We used the dataset to characterize mean snow height, snow water equivalent (SWE), and density for the first time in Mount Lebanon. Snow seasonal variability was characterized with high HS and SWE variance and a relatively high snow density mean equal to 467 kg m−3. We find that the relationship between snow depth and snow density is specific to the Mediterranean climate. The current model explained 34 % of the variability in the entire dataset (all regions between 1300 and 2900 m a.s.l.) and 62 % for high mountain regions (elevation 2200–2900 m a.s.l.). The dataset is suitable for the investigation of snow dynamics and for the forcing and validation of energy balance models. Therefore, this dataset bears the potential to greatly improve the quantification of snowmelt and mountain hydrometeorological processes in this data-scarce region of the eastern Mediterranean. The DOI for the data is https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.583733.
НАРНЫ ӨНДӨР ЦАЦРАГИЙН ЭРЧМИЙН ХОЛБОО
Authors: Б Түвшинжаргал , Г Даваахүү , Д Батмөнх 
Published: August 2017

In this work are brought some results of the measurement to intensities UV on territory of the Mongolia. Built curves to intensities UV depending on Sun, are evaluated UV in miscellaneous point territory.
Mass Spectral Characterization and UPLC Quantitation of 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins in Sorghum bicolor Varietals
Authors: Stern Nathan P , Rana Jatinder , Chandra Amitabh , Balles John 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A quantitative ultra-performance LC (UPLC) method was developed and validated to successfully separate, identify, and quantitate the major polyphenolic compounds present in different varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) feedstock. The method was linear from 3.2 to 320 ppm, with an r2 of 0.99999 when using luteolinidin chloride as the external standard. Method accuracy was determined to be 99.5%, and precision of replicate preparations was less than 1% RSD. Characterization by UPLC-MS determined that the predominant polyphenolic components of the sorghum varietals were 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DXAs). High-throughput screening for 3-DXA identified four unique classes within the sorghum varieties. Certain feedstock varieties have been found to have a high potential to not only be plant-based colorants, but also provide significant amounts of bioactive 3-DXAs, making them of unique interest to the dietary supplement industry.
Performance Prediction of Two-Stepped Planing Hulls Using Morphing Mesh Approach
Authors: Dashtimanesh Abbas , Esfandiari Arman , Mancini Simone 
Published: August 2017

Change in body shape characteristics is one of the ways to reduce the resistance and thereby increasing the speed of planing hulls. Creating the transverse steps is one of these variations. The main reason to use the steps in high-speed planing craft is that the wetted surface of the vessel is divided into small parts with higher width-length ratio in high velocities and in this situation, the generated lift force is more efficient. In this article, by performing a three-dimensional numerical solution, motion characteristics of a two-stepped planing hull with transverse steps in calm water have been examined. For this purpose, the vessel is free to trim and sinkage, and by using the morphing mesh approach, the numerical simulation continued until the equilibrium condition of the two-stepped planing hull is satisfied. Resistance, lift, trim angle, and wetted surface in various velocities have been computed and compared against existing experimental data. Analysis of considered two-stepped hull in calm water shows that the numerical solution for resistance, trim, and lift are relatively precise in comparison to model test data. Furthermore, various hull characteristics such as wetted length of keel, chine wetted length, spray angle and, ventilation length have been investigated.

1. Introduction
In recent years, naval architectures have proposed significant modifications in planing hulls' design by creating steps, tunnel, and other geometric features. By considering these geometric variations, the hull wetted surface and, consequently, its resistance have been reduced and planing hulls velocity can be increased. In this regard, the step is one of the main hull's modifications which can lead to resistance reduction. Generally, lift of stepped planing hulls is distributed over the forward, middle, and stern plane of the hull (Fig. 1), and therefore, its ride quality will also be improved. Moreover, planing hulls with various step configurations have been used in high-speed craft since 1910, and various types of step with different shapes and arrangements have been used in planing hulls.