bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intact NOX2 in T Cells Mediates Pregnancy-Induced Renal Damage in Dahl SS Rats
Authors: Dasinger John Henry , Abais-Battad Justine M. , Walton Samuel D. , Burns-Ray Emily C. , Cherian-Shaw Mary , Baldwin Kaitlyn E. , Fehrenbach Daniel J. , Mattson David L. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and mortality. While the exact mechanisms remain unclear, T cells and reactive oxygen species have been implicated in its pathogenesis. We utilized Dahl salt-sensitive (SS), SS
CD247−/−
(Dahl SS CD247 knockout rat; lacking T cells), and SS
p67phox−/−
(Dahl SS p67
phox
[NOX2 (NADPH [nitcotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate] oxidase 2)] knockout rat; lacking NOX2) rats to investigate these mechanisms in primigravida and multigravida states.

METHODS:

We assessed blood pressure and renal damage phenotypes in SS, SS
CD247−/−
, and SS
p67phox−/−
rats during primigravida and multigravida states. To investigate the contribution of NOX2 in T cells, we performed adoptive transfers of splenocytes or cluster of differentiation (CD)4
+
T cells from either SS or SS
p67phox−/−
donors into SS
CD247−/−
recipients to determine pregnancy-specific alterations in phenotype.

RESULTS:

Multigravida SS rats developed significant pregnancy-induced renal damage and renal functional impairment associated with elevated maternal mortality rates, whereas deletion of T cells or NOX2 garnered protection. During primigravida states, this attenuation in renal damage was observed, with the greatest protection in the SS
p67phox−/−
rat. To demonstrate that NOX2 in T cells contributes to adverse pregnancy phenotypes, adoptive transfer of SS splenocytes into SS
CD247−/−
rats resulted in significant pregnancy-induced renal damage, whereas transfer of SS
p67phox−/−
splenocytes garnered protection. Specifically, the transfer of SS CD4
+
T cells resulted in pregnancy-induced proteinuria and increases in uterine artery resistance index, an effect not seen with the transfer of SS
p67phox−/−
CD4
+
T cells.

CONCLUSIONS:
T cells and NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species, thus, contribute to end-organ damage in both primigravida and multigravida pregnancies in the SS rat leading to increases in maternal mortality.
Mental rotation-related neural interactions between gender and cognitive strategy
Authors: Bersier Nadia Marie , Arbula Sandra , Ionta Silvio , Rumiati Raffaella I. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A long-standing history of research has focused on the differences between men and women in cognitive tasks, including that men would be more accurate and faster than women in mental rotation (MR). This advantage suggests that men would use an object-based cognitive strategy (OBS) to perform MR, whereas women would rely more on an effector-based cognitive strategy (EBS). To test this hypothesis, participants in the present study performed MR using OBS and EBS (plus a control condition) while their brain activity was recorded using fMRI. As sex hormones have often been reported to influence spatial ability, we also assessed the relationship between MR and testosterone levels and digit ratio. Behavioral results showed that (1) men performed faster MR than women in the OBS and control conditions, (2) men were more accurate than women in the OBS condition, and (3) women performed better in OBS than the other two conditions. No relationship was found between MR and testosterone or digit ratio. fMRI data showed that women in the OBS condition had greater activation than men in the inferior frontal and somatosensory cortices. Salivary testosterone levels had no effect on whole-brain activity. Combining behavioral and brain imaging data, these findings suggest that the additional somatosensory activation found in women during OBS somehow affects their MR, preventing the use of a purely spatial strategy and promoting the use of body-based sensorimotor processing, which would result in lower accuracy. These results support that gender differences in MR would be better explained by considering their relationship with the cognitive strategies used to perform MR.
Using Student Narratives to Characterize Inclusive Pedagogy and Inclusive Classrooms in Higher Education
Authors: Shane-Simpson Christina , Obeid Rita , Chang Jacklin , Ki Dave , Arlt Emma 
Published: September 2024

Background Inclusive teaching practices have become essential to support student success in our diverse college classrooms. Given the variations in how inclusivity is translated into teaching behavior, it is important for us to examine how our students define and perceive inclusivity. Objective The main goal of this qualitative study is to define and characterize inclusive classroom communities and inclusive pedagogy practices through the voices of current college students. Method Participants included 365 undergraduate students from a public and a private university. Students responded to open-ended questions about inclusive teaching practices, characteristics of an inclusive classroom, inclusive teaching behaviors, and inclusive behaviors of classmates. Results Participants highlighted that inclusive teaching impacts all students while noting that teaching practice may differentially impact specific student populations, including students with disabilities and students of color. Students also identified specific instructor and classmate characteristics and behaviors that contribute to an inclusive (or non-inclusive) classroom community. Conclusion This study highlights students’ views on what characterizes inclusive teaching. Participants underscored the importance of respectful and welcoming environments both from faculty and peers. Teaching Implications Findings offer practical implications for instructors as they create and support an inclusive classroom, particularly as it pertains to teacher and student characteristics and behaviors.
Generative AI and College Students: Use and Perceptions
Authors: Golding Jonathan M. , Lippert Anne , Neuschatz Jeffrey S. , Salomon Ilyssa , Burke Kelly 
Published: September 2024

Background The advent of generative-artificial intelligence (AI) applications introduces new challenges for colleges. Importantly, the growth of these applications requires faculty to adjust their pedagogy to account for the changing technological landscape. Objective As colleges wrestle with the implications of these applications, it is important to understand college students’ perceptions and use of generative-AI. Method Undergraduate college students’ (in psychology courses) were surveyed about their use and perception of these applications. The sample was from five U.S. universities; primarily made up of women, and included White, Hispanic, and Black participants. Results Most students were familiar with these applications, yet less than half had used them in college, primarily to receive help with assignments. Those not using these applications gave “getting caught” and “cheating” as responses for not using them. Finally, most students perceived using these applications as cheating. Conclusions Students were familiar with these applications and were most likely to use them in humanities courses. Furthermore, these applications were used most often in writing tasks. Teaching Implications The increased use of these applications has led to educators debating whether these applications should be incorporated into the college classroom. Do these applications have pedological value or are they just another means for cheating?
Grading the Graders: Comparing Generative AI and Human Assessment in Essay Evaluation
Authors: Wetzler Elizabeth L. , Cassidy Kenneth S. , Jones Margaret J. , Frazier Chelsea R. , Korbut Nickalous A. , Sims Chelsea M. , Bowen Shari S. , Wood Michael 
Published: September 2024

Background Generative artificial intelligence (AI) represents a potentially powerful, time-saving tool for grading student essays. However, little is known about how AI-generated essay scores compare to human instructor scores. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the essay grading scores produced by AI with those of human instructors to explore similarities and differences. Method Eight human instructors and two versions of OpenAI's ChatGPT (3.5 and 4o) independently graded 186 deidentified student essays from an introductory psychology course using a detailed rubric. Scoring consistency was analyzed using Bland-Altman and regression analyses. Results AI scores for ChatGPT3.5 were, on average, higher than human scores, although average scores for ChatGPT 4o and human scores were more similar. Notably, AI grading for both versions was more lenient than human instructors at lower performance levels and stricter at higher levels, reflecting proportional bias. Conclusion Although AI may offer potential for supporting grading processes, the pattern of results suggests that AI and human instructors differ in how they score using the same rubric. Teaching Implications Results suggest that educators should be aware that AI grading of psychology writing assignments that require reflection or critical thinking may differ markedly from scores generated by human instructors.
Lived Experiences of Primary Caregivers of Children with Dyslexia: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Peries Nadhee , Indrarathne Bimali 
Published: September 2024

Background: Caregivers play an important role in children’s development. Therefore, they need to recognize the learning difficulties that their children face and support them to ensure learning gains and prevent secondary complications. Nevertheless, supporting a child with a learning disability can be challenging for caregivers in many ways. 1 This study investigated caregivers’ knowledge of dyslexia, their challenges when raising children with dyslexia, and the support they seek to raise such children. Methods: Ten individual in-depth interviews (IDIs) and four focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among 30 caregivers in Sri Lanka. Initial codes were generated using open coding from the transcripts, leading to sub-themes and themes. Results: Thematic analysis revealed a lack of knowledge of dyslexia-type difficulties among caregivers and in society, giving rise to misconceptions, leading to labeling and abuse of children. Caregivers feel emotionally pressured, helpless, stressed, and depressed in bringing up children with dyslexia, creating family disputes. Further, as a family, they have a sense of rejection and discrimination from school and society. Caregivers receive insufficient support from the education and health sectors due to multiple complexities such as myths, misbeliefs, inadequate knowledge and skills, unavailability of resources, and inaccessibility to services. Conclusions: Caregivers and families of children with learning disabilities demand more attention to improve their mental health and family harmony, which in turn improves children’s educational and health status. Sri Lankan health, educational, and social services should be optimized to reach the families of children with dyslexia-type difficulties.
A Phase 1 single ascending dose study of pure oral harmine in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ables Jessica L , Israel Leah , Wood Olivia , Govindarajulu Usha , Fremont Rachel T , Banerjee Ronjon , Liu Hongtao , Cohen Jeremy , Wang Peng , Kumar Kunal , Lu Geming , DeVita Robert J , Garcia-Ocaña Adolfo , Murrough James W , Stewart Andrew F 
Published: September 2024

Background: Harmine is a component of the hallucinogenic brew, Ayahuasca, which also contains the psychoactive compound, N, N-dimethyltryptamine. Whether pharmaceutical-grade harmine hydrochloride (HCl) has psychoactive effects, the doses at which these might occur, and the dose-response relationship to side effects and safety in humans are unknown. Methods: We conducted a Phase 1, open-label single ascending dose trial in healthy adults with normal body mass index and no prior psychiatric illness. The primary goal was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oral pharmaceutical-grade harmine HCl and to characterize safety and tolerability. A secondary goal was to ascertain whether any oral dose has psychoactive effects. Results: Thirty-four adult participants, aged 18–55 years, were screened for study eligibility. Twenty-five participants met eligibility criteria and were randomized to a single dose of 100, 200, 300, or 500 mg of harmine HCl, respectively, using a continuous reassessment method. The most common adverse events (AEs) observed were gastrointestinal and/or neurological, dose-related, and of mild to moderate severity. The MTD was determined to be between 100 and 200 mg and is weight-based, with 90% of those participants receiving >2.7 mg/kg experiencing a dose-limiting toxicity. No serious AEs of harmine HCl were identified. Conclusions: Harmine HCl can be orally administered to healthy participants in doses <2.7 mg/kg with minimal or no AEs. Doses >2.7 mg/kg are associated with vomiting, drowsiness, and limited psychoactivity. This study is the first to systematically characterize the psychoactive effects of pharmaceutical quality harmine in healthy participants.
Placental T2-weighted MRI-based radiomics-clinical nomogram to predict postpartum hemorrhage of placenta previa
Authors: Lu Yanli , Yu Hongchang , Yin Hongkun , Yan Jun , Zhang Jibin , Yue Yongfei 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPlacenta previa is an obstetric complication related to severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used for the preoperative evaluation of postpartum hemorrhage.PurposeTo investigate the value of MRI-based radiomics analysis in predicting postpartum hemorrhage among pregnant women with placenta previa.Material and MethodsPreoperative T2-weighted MRI and related clinical data of 371 patients were retrospectively collected, and these patients were randomly allocated into two subsets: the training dataset (n = 260) and the validation dataset (n = 111). The logistic regression (LR) classifier was used for the development of the radiomics model and the calculation of the radiomics score (Radscore).ResultsA total of eight radiomics features and five clinical features were selected for model development. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the radiomics model in the training and validation datasets were 0.929 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.891–0.957) and 0.914 (95% CI = 0.846–0.959), respectively. Combined with clinical factors, nomograms demonstrated improved diagnostic efficacy, with an AUC of 0.968 (95% CI = 0.939–0.986) in the training dataset and 0.947 (95% CI = 0.888–0.981) in the validation dataset.ConclusionThe MRI-based model has certain value in predicting postpartum hemorrhage in pregnant women with placenta previa.
Peak enhancement in contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessing endoscopic disease activity in patients with Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Lei , Hao Ruifang , Zou Leilei , Zhai Deyin , Wang Junlian , Jiao Ruining 
Published: September 2024

Background Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been proposed as a valuable tool for detecting disease activity in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). However, previous studies have utilized different parameters, leading to variation in clinical assessment of this technique. Purpose To assess the effectiveness of peak enhancement (PE) in CEUS for evaluating endoscopic disease activity in patients with CD. Material and Methods Articles were obtained by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI databases. Only studies that investigated the effectiveness of PE in CEUS to discriminate endoscopic disease activity in patients with CD were considered. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were then calculated using a random effects model. Results Overall, seven studies were included. The endoscopic disease activity of CD was determined based on the simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease and Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity scores. Pooled results showed that a high PE was associated with increased detection efficacy for endoscopic disease activity in CD. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71–0.96), 0.88 (95% CI = 0.81–0.93), 7.60 (95% CI = 4.61–12.53), and 0.14 (95% CI = 0.05–0.35), respectively. The pooled receiver operating characteristic was 0.90 (95% CI = 0.87–0.92), suggesting a good discriminating efficacy of PE in CEUS for endoscopic disease activity of patients with CD. Conclusions A high PE in CEUS displayed substantial distinguishing accuracy for assessing endoscopic disease activity of patients with CD.
Hybrid convolutional neural network optimized with an artificial algae algorithm for glaucoma screening using fundus images
Authors: Eswari M. Shanmuga , Balamurali S. , Ramasamy Lakshmana Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Objective We developed an optimized decision support system for retinal fundus image-based glaucoma screening. Methods We combined computer vision algorithms with a convolutional network for fundus images and applied a faster region-based convolutional neural network (FRCNN) and artificial algae algorithm with support vector machine (AAASVM) classifiers. Optic boundary detection, optic cup, and optic disc segmentations were conducted using TernausNet. Glaucoma screening was performed using the optimized FRCNN. The Softmax layer was replaced with an SVM classifier layer and optimized with an AAA to attain enhanced accuracy. Results Using three retinal fundus image datasets (G1020, digital retinal images vessel extraction, and high-resolution fundus), we obtained accuracy of 95.11%, 92.87%, and 93.7%, respectively. Framework accuracy was amplified with an adaptive gradient algorithm optimizer FRCNN (AFRCNN), which achieved average accuracy 94.06%, sensitivity 93.353%, and specificity 94.706%. AAASVM obtained average accuracy of 96.52%, which was 3% ahead of the FRCNN classifier. These classifiers had areas under the curve of 0.9, 0.85, and 0.87, respectively. Conclusion Based on statistical Friedman evaluation, AAASVM was the best glaucoma screening model. Segmented and classified images can be directed to the health care system to assess patients’ progress. This computer-aided decision support system will be useful for optometrists.
Evaluation of systemic inflammation markers in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Bozdag Ahmet , Gundogan Bozdag Pinar 
Published: September 2024

Objective To investigate markers of systemic inflammation and the effect of thyroid dysfunction on these parameters in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Methods Patients with HT and volunteer healthy individuals admitted to the general surgery outpatient clinic between January 2020 and June 2023 were enrolled into the study. Patients with HT were divided into euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid subgroups. All participant data were retrospectively extracted from the hospital database. Results A total of 268 patients (euthyroid, n = 131; hypothyroid, n = 83; and hyperthyroid, n = 54) and 124 controls were included. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was lower in the euthyroid group versus control group, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was lower in controls than the three patient subgroups. Euthyroid and hypothyroid patients with HT exhibited a higher systemic inflammation index than the control group. The pan-immune inflammation index was lower in controls than in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid patients with HT. In patients with HT, inflammation markers did not significantly differ between subgroups. Conclusions Markers of systemic inflammation provide meaningful and reliable information in patients with HT, but do not differentiate between euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid patients.
Managing the innovation process of small and medium-sized enterprises: The important roles of reflecting and employee involvement
Authors: Lui Steven , Ozdemir Salih Zeki , Jackson Chris J. , Shinkle George A. , Walker Benjamin R. 
Published: September 2024

How does the innovation process of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) unfold, and how do SMEs manage the innovation process? These are important questions to answer because the context of SMEs presented unique benefits and challenges for innovation to occur. In this study, we interviewed owner managers and senior managers of 31 Australian SMEs about their innovation process and analyzed the data using NVivo. We delineated 10 managerial activities during SMEs’ innovation process: listening, searching, problematizing, challenging, choosing, steering, inspiring, communicating, resourcing, and tracking. Furthermore, we found that SMEs develop a dynamic capability of reflecting based on these activities and rely on employee involvement to resolve the conflicts arising from them. This article enriches our understanding on how dynamic capabilities and employee involvement contribute to the innovation process of SMEs. JEL Classification: L2, M1, O3
The impact of financial literacy on financial inclusion
Authors: Reddy Krishna , Wallace Damien , Wellalage Nirosha Hewa 
Published: September 2024

Using survey data of owners of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), we investigate the nexus between financial literacy (FL) and financial inclusion (FI). Furthermore, we examine whether the FL_FI nexus is different by gender. Our results show that FL has statistically significant positive effects on all three dimensions of FI (access, usage and quality). Our findings highlight policy implications for countries desiring to enhance FI by improving the financial literacy and education levels of MSME owners. Furthermore, our findings suggest that targeted financial education programmes result in better outcomes. JEL Classification: G10, G50, G53
Financing Indigenous entrepreneurs: A review and research agenda
Authors: De Gruyter Elaine , Gordon James , Qureshi Israr , Bhatt Babita , Mafico Nkosana 
Published: September 2024

Empowering Indigenous communities through entrepreneurialism is touted as key for reducing Indigenous disadvantage, but little headway has been made. One core and persistent issue is difficulty accessing finance to support growth. To understand why and to guide future policy and research, we review the current state of research on Indigenous financing and develop a thematic framework around four themes: political-economic environment; antecedents to the financing decision; financial solutions; and financial preferences, decisions and outcomes. Indigenous entrepreneurs face unique intercultural, social and economic barriers to finance, and these need to be better understood to help accelerate Indigenous community development through entrepreneurial activity. JEL Classification: G21; G28; J15; N20