bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Voltage Losses in Cascade Organic Solar Cells while Maintaining High External Quantum Efficiencies
Authors: Nikolis Vasileios C. , Benduhn Johannes , Holzmueller Felix , Piersimoni Fortunato , Lau Matthias , Zeika Olaf , Neher Dieter , Koerner Christian , Spoltore Donato , Vandewal Koen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHigh photon energy losses limit the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, an optimization route is presented which increases the VOC by reducing the interfacial area between donor (D) and acceptor (A). This optimization route concerns a cascade device architecture in which the introduction of discontinuous interlayers between alpha‐sexithiophene (α‐6T) (D) and chloroboron subnaphthalocyanine (SubNc) (A) increases the VOC of an α‐6T/SubNc/SubPc fullerene‐free cascade OSC from 0.98 V to 1.16 V. This increase of 0.18 V is attributed solely to the suppression of nonradiative recombination at the D–A interface. By accurately measuring the optical gap (Eopt) and the energy of the charge‐transfer state (ECT) of the studied OSC, a detailed analysis of the overall voltage losses is performed. Eopt – qVOC losses of 0.58 eV, which are among the lowest observed for OSCs, are obtained. Most importantly, for the VOC‐optimized devices, the low‐energy (700 nm) external quantum efficiency (EQE) peak remains high at 79%, despite a minimal driving force for charge separation of less than 10 meV. This work shows that low‐voltage losses can be combined with a high EQE in organic photovoltaic devices.
3D‐Printed Conical Arrays of TiO2 Electrodes for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Lee Chong‐Yong , Taylor Adam C. , Beirne Stephen , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractControl over the topography of semiconducting materials can lead to enhanced performances in photoelectrochemical related applications. One means of implementing this is through direct patterning of metal‐based substrates, though this is inadequately developed. Conventional techniques for patterned fabrication commonly involve technologically demanding and tedious processes. 3D printing, a form of additive fabrication, enables creation of a 3D object by deposition of successive layers of material via computer control. In this work, the feasibility of fabricating metal‐based 3D printed photoelectrodes is explored. Electrodes comprised of conical arrays are fabricated and the performance for photoelectrochemical water splitting is further enhanced by the direct growth of TiO2 nanotubes on this platform. 3D metal printing provides a flexible and versatile approach for the design and fabrication of novel electrode structures.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Imidazole Derivatives with Nitrile Oxide: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2,4]oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Jiang Kun‐Ming , Zhang Jian‐Qiang , Jin Yi , Lin Jun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA concise and efficient synthesis of imidazo[1,2,4]oxadiazole derivatives that proceeds through the [3+2] cycloaddition of 2‐chloro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole with nitrile oxides has been developed. This strategy can conveniently construct tricyclic imidazole heterocyclic derivatives that contain a broad range of functional groups. Compound 3 p showed excellent cytotoxic activity against the KYSE410 cell line (IC50=0.26 μm). These tricyclic imidazole heterocyclic derivatives are promising candidates for drug discovery.
Endoscopic hematoma evacuation for acute subdural hematoma in a young patient: a case report
Authors: Kuge Atsushi , Tsuchiya Daisuke , Watanabe Shigeki , Sato Mitsuya , Kinjo Toshihiko 
Published: July 2017

CaseThe standard treatment for acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is large craniotomy; decompressive craniectomy may also be carried out, if needed, to prevent secondary brain damage. Recently, an endoscopic procedure for elderly patients with ASDH was carried out and reported; its safety and effectiveness were emphasized because of minimal invasiveness. We report a young case and discuss its difficulties and tips.A 31‐year‐old man was found to be in a state of general convulsion. At the time of admission, we observed severe consciousness disturbance, anisocoria, and left hemiparesis. Computed tomography showed a massive subdural hematoma with marked midline shift.OutcomeOsmotherapy and emergency trepanation improved anisocoria. An endoscopic procedure under local anesthesia was sequentially selected. After surgery, the patient's symptoms clearly improved.ConclusionAlthough the standard treatment for ASDH is craniotomy, endoscopic surgery may be useful in some cases.
Influence of body position during Heimlich maneuver to relieve supralaryngeal obstruction: a manikin study
Authors: Ichikawa Michitaro , Oishi So , Mochizuki Katsunori , Nitta Kenichi , Okamoto Kazufumi , Imamura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2017

AimTo study the most effective body position for Heimlich maneuver.MethodsA choking simulation manikin was connected to a laryngeal model of a child or an adult, and a differential pressure transducer recorded the airway pressure and waveform during the maneuver. A konjac jelly was placed on the larynx to mimic complete supralaryngeal obstruction. The maneuver (five successive compressions) was carried out six times each in standing, prone, and supine positions. For cases of children, we added a supine position with a pillow under the back.ResultsIn the adult model, airway obstruction was more frequently relieved in the supine and prone positions than in the standing position (P < 0.001). In the child model, airway obstruction was more frequently relieved in the supine position, with a pillow, and in the prone position, than in the standing position (P < 0.001). Without relief, successive Heimlich maneuvers made the airway pressure increasingly negative (adult, from −21.9 ± 6.5 cmH2O to −31.5 ± 9.1 cmH2O in the standing position [P < 0.001]; child, from −15.0 ± 9.5 cmH2O to −30.0 ± 9.2 cmH2O in the standing position [P < 0.001] and from −35.0 ± 17.4 cmH2O to −47.3 ± 25.1 cmH2O in the supine position without a pillow [P = 0.002]).ConclusionsThe Heimlich maneuver was more effective in the supine and prone positions. In children, the prone position may be most effective. Successive Heimlich maneuvers may be harmful when the airway is not relieved after the first compression.
Stabilization of Non‐Linear Fractional‐Order Uncertain Systems
Authors: Ji Yude , Du Mingxing , Guo Yanping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present a stabilization method on the non‐linear fractional‐order uncertain systems. Firstly, a sufficient condition for the robust asymptotic stabilization of the non‐linear fractional‐order uncertain system is presented based on direct Lyapunov approach. Secondly, utilising the matrix's singular value decomposition (SVD) method, the systematic robust stabilization design algorithm is then proposed. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency and advantage of the proposed algorithm.
Endocrine toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: essential crosstalk between endocrinologists and oncologists
Authors: Illouz Frédéric , Briet Claire , Cloix Lucie , Le Corre Yannick , Baize Nathalie , Urban Thierry , Martin Ludovic , Rodien Patrice 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTwo types of immune checkpoint inhibitors, both antibodies that target cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 and those that target programmed cell death‐protein 1, have been approved for use in melanoma, non‐small‐cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma as first‐line or second‐line therapy. Their adverse events are primarily regarded as immune‐related adverse events. We felt it was important to pinpoint and discuss certain preconceptions or misconceptions regarding thyroid dysfunction, hypophysitis, and diabetes induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. We have identified areas of uncertainty and unmet requirements, including essential interaction between endocrinologists and oncologists. Five issues have been identified for discussion: (1) diagnosis of endocrine toxicity, (2) assessment of toxicity severity, (3) treatment of toxicity, (4) withdrawal or continuation of immunotherapy, (5) preventive action.
Hooked on a feeling: The effect of music tempo on attitudes and the mediating role of consumers' affective responses
Authors: Stewart Kristin , Koh Hyeseung Elizabeth 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWith today's high degree of advertising clutter, marketers might greatly focus on evoking emotion or creating hedonic (e.g., feeling) experiences for consumers in order to improve practice. These strategies minimize the effort needed to process a message and can influence consumers' decisions. In 4 studies, we examine the effects of music tempo on consumers' attitudes toward the brand while further considering the mediating role of evoked feelings. Study 1 and 2 supports that music tempo in commercials influences consumers' affective response to the music in advertising. Study 3 replicated this effect using a controlled experiment and extended the research by demonstrating that tempo also affects general mood states, in addition to feelings evoked by the music. Last, Study 4 demonstrates that need for emotion moderates the role of affect as information. This research contributes to theory in sensory marketing and consumer behavior and offers practical implications to improve marketing practice.
Neuronal degeneration and regeneration induced by axotomy in the olfactory epithelium of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Cervino Ailen S. , Paz Dante A. , Frontera Jimena L. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe olfactory epithelium (OE) has the remarkable capability to constantly replace olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) due to the presence of neural stem cells (NSCs). For this reason, the OE provides an excellent model to study neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. In the present work, we induced neuronal degeneration in the OE of Xenopus laevis larvae by bilateral axotomy of the olfactory nerves. We found that axotomy induces specific‐ neuronal death through apoptosis between 24 and 48h post‐injury. In concordance, there was a progressive decrease of the mature‐ORN marker OMP until it was completely absent 72h post‐injury. On the other hand, neurogenesis was evident 48h post‐injury by an increase in the number of proliferating basal cells as well as NCAM‐180– GAP‐43+ immature neurons. Mature ORNs were replenished 21 days post‐injury and the olfactory function was partially recovered, indicating that new ORNs were integrated into the olfactory bulb glomeruli. Throughout the regenerative process no changes in the expression pattern of the neurotrophin Brain Derivate Neurotrophic Factor were observed. Taken together, this work provides a sequential analysis of the neurodegenerative and subsequent regenerative processes that take place in the OE following axotomy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1308–1320, 2017
Neocortical developmental analysis of vasculature and their growth factors offer new insight into fragile X syndrome abnormalities
Authors: Belagodu Amogh P. , Fleming Stephen , Galvez Roberto 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTFragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common single gene cause for Autism Spectrum Disorder and the most prevalent form of inherited mental retardation. Our prior studies have demonstrated that adult FXS mice have abnormal blood vessel density (BVD) and elevated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A expression (VEGF‐A). VEGF‐A is one of the most prominent regulators of BVD, and its abnormal expression is the most likely cause for FXS BVD abnormalities. We have demonstrated that attenuating elevated VEGF‐A expression can ameliorate many non‐vascular FXS abnormalities (Belagodu, Zendeli Slater and Galvez: Dev Neurobiol 77 (2017) 14–25), suggesting that abnormal VEGF‐A expression is an underlying cause for some FXS abnormalities. However, FXS is a developmental disorder and VEGF‐A's potential role in mediating FXS abnormalities during development have never been explored. Furthermore, VEGF‐A is one protein in a family of proteins (VEGF‐A, VEGF‐B, VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D, & PLGF) that activate one of three primary receptors (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, & VEGFR3). Abnormal expression of any of these proteins could hinder proper development. The current study demonstrated that FXS mice do not exhibit normal BVD developmental patterns, resulting in elevated adult expression, most likely due to observed elevated VEGF‐A adult expression. Interestingly, all five VEGF family of proteins exhibited altered developmental expression patterns that could cause abnormal development. However, none of the receptors exhibited abnormal adult expression, but did exhibit altered developmental expression. Expanding upon our prior analyses, the current study provides additional interesting insight towards potential developmental mechanisms mediating FXS abnormalities, while offering further sites for age specific therapeutic interventions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1321–1333, 2017
In‐source collision‐induced dissociation (IS‐CID): Applications, issues and structure elucidation with single‐stage mass analyzers
Authors: Parcher Jon F. , Wang Mei , Chittiboyina Amar G. , Khan Ikhlas A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA discussion of the definition, advantages, and issues with the formation of ions in the transition region between an electrospray ionization (ESI) source and the ion optics of a mass analyzer is presented. The various types of ions formed in the so‐called in‐source collision‐induced dissociation (IS‐CID) process are illustrated. Applications of IS‐CID with single‐stage mass analyzers, such as structure elucidation and quantitation, are demonstrated. The discussion is illustrated by examples of the in‐source fragmentation of ginkgolides, which are marker compounds found only in Ginkgo biloba. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with non‐aqueous eluents was used to achieve a fast resolution of the ginkgolides without the hydrolysis reactions possible with aqueous high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) eluents. In‐source ion generation occurs at relatively high pressures (ca. 1–3 torr) compared to the low pressure normally observed in collision chambers of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). As a result, the fragmentation process is complex and often generates ions other than the fragments observed with classic CID or the same ions at different intensities. The objective of the current tutorial is to illustrate the conditions under which single‐stage, quadrupole or time‐of‐flight mass analyzers with electrospray or in‐air (direct analysis in real time; DART) ionization can be used for quantitation and structure elucidation in a manner similar to that observed with MS/MS. While the low m/z (≤ [M±H]±) ions formed in‐source often duplicate the ions observed in MS/MS systems, it is the focus of this discussion to illustrate the utility of in‐source generated fragment ions that may not be observed or observed at different intensities than in the collision cells of MS/MS instruments.
Metacommunity theory meets restoration: isolation may mediate how ecological communities respond to stream restoration
Authors: Swan Christopher M. , Brown Bryan L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn often‐cited benefit of river restoration is an increase in biodiversity or shift in composition to more desirable taxa. Yet, hard manipulations of habitat structure often fail to elicit a significant response in terms of biodiversity patterns. In contrast to conventional wisdom, the dispersal of organisms may have as large an influence on biodiversity patterns as environmental conditions. This influence of dispersal may be particularly influential in river networks that are linear branching, or dendritic, and thus constrain most dispersal to the river corridor. As such, some locations in river networks, such as isolated headwaters, are expected to respond less to environmental factors and less by dispersal than more well‐connected downstream reaches. We applied this metacommunity framework to study how restoration drives biodiversity patterns in river networks. By comparing assemblage structure in headwater vs. more well‐connected mainstem sites, we learned that headwater restoration efforts supported higher biodiversity and exhibited more stable ecological communities compared with adjacent, unrestored reaches. Such differences were not evident in mainstem reaches. Consistent with theory and mounting empirical evidence, we attribute this finding to a relatively higher influence of dispersal‐driven factors on assemblage structure in more well‐connected, higher order reaches. An implication of this work is that, if biodiversity is to be a goal of restoration activity, such local manipulations of habitat should elicit a more profound response in small, isolated streams than in larger downstream reaches. These results offer another significant finding supporting the notion that restoration activity cannot proceed in isolation of larger‐scale, catchment‐level degradation.
The complexity of mating decisions in stalk‐eyed flies
Authors: Chapman Nadine C. , Siriwat Penthai , Howie James , Towlson Aaron , Bellamy Lawrence , Fowler Kevin , Pomiankowski Andrew 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAll too often, studies of sexual selection focus exclusively on the responses in one sex, on single traits, typically those that are exaggerated and strongly sexually dimorphic. They ignore a range of less obvious traits and behavior, in both sexes, involved in the interactions leading to mate choice. To remedy this imbalance, we analyze a textbook example of sexual selection in the stalk‐eyed fly (Diasemopsis meigenii). We studied several traits in a novel, insightful, and efficient experimental design, examining 2,400 male–female pairs in a “round‐robin” array, where each female was tested against multiple males and vice versa. In D. meigenii, females exhibit strong mate preference for males with highly exaggerated eyespan, and so we deliberately constrained variation in male eyespan to reveal the importance of other traits. Males performing more precopulatory behavior were more likely to attempt to mate with females and be accepted by them. However, behavior was not a necessary part of courtship, as it was absent from over almost half the interactions. Males with larger reproductive organs (testes and accessory glands) did not make more mating attempts, but there was a strong tendency for females to accept mating attempts from such males. How females detect differences in male reproductive organ size remains unclear. In addition, females with larger eyespan, an indicator of size and fecundity, attracted more mating attempts from males, but this trait did not alter female acceptance. Genetic variation among males had a strong influence on male mating attempts and female acceptance, both via the traits we studied and other unmeasured attributes. These findings demonstrate the importance of assaying multiple traits in males and females, rather than focusing solely on prominent and exaggerated sexually dimorphic traits. The approach allows a more complete understanding of the complex mating decisions made by both males and females.
Dispersal, host genotype and environment shape the spatial dynamics of a parasite in the wild
Authors: Ekholm Adam , Roslin Tomas , Pulkkinen Pertti , Tack Ayco J. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDispersal, environment and genetic variation may all play a role in shaping host‐parasite dynamics. Yet, in natural systems, their relative importance remains unresolved. Here, we do so for the epidemiology of a specialist parasite (Erysiphe alphitoides) on the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). For this purpose, we combine evidence from a multi‐year field survey and two dispersal experiments, all conducted at the landscape scale. Patterns detected in the field survey suggest that the parasite is structured as a metapopulation, with trees in denser oak stands characterized by higher parasite occupancy, higher colonization rates and lower extinction rates. The dispersal experiments revealed a major impact of the environment and of host genotype on the presence and abundance of the parasite, with a weaker but detectable imprint of dispersal limitation. Overall, our findings emphasize that dispersal, host genotype and the environment jointly shape the spatial dynamics of a parasite in the wild.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ba0.5Sr0.5NixCo0.8‐xFe0.2O3‐δ (x=0 and 0.2) Perovskites as Electro‐catalysts for Methanol Oxidation in Alkaline Media
Authors: Fares Aissat , Barama Akila , Barama Siham , FodilCherif Nawel , Chelaghmia Mohamed Lyamine 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, the perovskite‐type oxides Ba0.5Sr0.5Ni0.2Co0.6Fe0.2O3‐δ (BSNCF) with different B‐site transition metal elements were investigated as a new catalyst for methanol oxidation. They were prepared by the partial substitution of cobalt by nickel in Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3‐δ (BSCF) sample. Both materials prepared using a combined citrate/EDTA complexing method and their catalytic activitiesfor methanol oxidation were comparativelystudied using cyclic‐voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) in alkaline media at room temperature. Structural, textural, morphological and redox properties of the synthesized solids were investigated by several physicochemical methods such as XRD, FTIR, LRS, SEM‐EDX, BET and H2‐TPR. The as‐prepared materials were obtained with high purity and high crystallinity. The partial substitution of cobalt by nickel in BSCF perovskite changes the structure of the solid which pass from cubic structure to a mixture of cubic and hexagonal forms. This change is accompanied by an increase in BET surface area and a decrease in crystalline size. For the electro‐catalysis measurements, results demonstrated that partially substituting of Co by Ni in BSCF structure enhance the electro‐catalytical activity towards the oxidation of methanol under alkaline conditions, making it an electro‐catalyst candidate for practical utilization in DMFCs.
Business models in global competition
Authors: Tallman Stephen , Luo Yadong , Buckley Peter J. 
Published: July 2017

Research SummaryMultinational enterprises create and capture value through appropriate business models that fit both distinctive capabilities and dynamic markets. The key elements of a global business model include propositions for adding customer value and capturing a share of that value, methods to control, deploy, and utilize critical resources, and integrated processes that deliver value to target global customers. These factors explain the diversity in business models, with international competition in geographically dispersed markets further fortifying this diversity and complexity. This article demonstrates ways forward in theorizing about business models, applying these models in the global context, discussing capabilities and strategies necessary for value generation from a global business model, and relating the choice of model to the strategic context of the modern multinational firm.Managerial SummaryMNEs seek value in the global marketplace through distinctive business models, as is the case in other markets. Global markets add layers of complication, as the MNE needs both a global umbrella business model and a local business model for each product and international host market. Because the global business environment is highly dynamic and each host market offers unique contextual characteristics, simple and fixed business models are not feasible. This article offers insights into how aspects of the business model and the multinational firm must be adapted to locational characteristics.A video abstract is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGSNWO4zk2Q.