bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with respiratory diseases (a clinical study)
Authors: Ergeshov A. E. , Shmelev E. I. , Kovalevskaya M. N. , Larionova E. E. , Chernousova L. N. 
Published: October 2016

Theaimof this study was to analyze medical reports of patients treated at the Federal Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis in 2011 to 2014.Methods.One hundred of medical reports have been analyzed. Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) were searched in sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or resected tissue samples. Microscopy of samples stainedmatographic rapid test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex antigen detection were used. Nontuberculous mycobacteriosis was diagnosed according to ATS criteria.Results.The patients were 20 to 78 years of age. Most patients had pulmonary tuberculosis (44%) and chronic non"specific inflammatory respiratory diseases (45%). Common clinical symptoms were cough (98.2%), dyspnea (72.4%), haemophtysis (10.3%), fatigue (68.5%), loss of appetite (32.3%), and weight loss (12.5%). Radiological signs were in line with the underlying disease and were as follows: pulmonary nodules (6%), disseminated lesions (6%), tuberculomas (7%), cavities (12%), pulmonary infiltrates (8%), bullae (42%), ground glass opacities (5%), honeycombing (2%, bronchiectasis (20%), intrathoracic lymph node enlargement (5%), cirrhotic pulmonary lesions (19%), and combination of various radiological signs (32%).Conclusion.Patients with chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, pneumoconiosis. etc.; patients on long"term therapy with systemic steroids, patients with pulmonary tuberculosis or with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis are at risk of having nontuberculous mycobacteriosis.
About unimproved opportunities of differentiation of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis
Authors: Ariel B. M. , Dvorakovskaya I. V. , Zil'ber E. K. , Mayskaya M. Yu. , Koval'skiy G. B. 
Published: October 2016

This study was aimed at analysis of own experience of differentiation between pulmonary tuberculosis and sarcoidosis.Methods.We evaluated VATS biopsy samples from 250 patients with disseminated lesion of the lungs and/or intrathoracic lymph nodes of unknown origin. Previous examination excluded any known granulomatosis excepting pulmonary tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. The biopsy samples were collected in different regions of Russia in 2010–2014.Results.Typical epithelioid cell granulomas with giant multinucleated cells were seen in lymph nodes and the lung tissue in all cases. Necrosis and/or presence of acid"fast mycobacteria were necessary and sufficient sign of tuberculosis. Granulomas without necrosis and mycobacteria in slice series, but not in one or two incident slices, were considered as highly specific for sarcoidosis.Conclusion.We suppose that differentiation between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis should be based on complex clinical and morphological analysis with the determinant role of morphological examination
An experience of therapy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome with selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor roflumilast
Authors: Ignatova G. L. , Blinova E. V. , Bel'sner M. S. , Grebneva I. V. 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of selective phosphodiesterase"4 inhibitor roflumilast in patients with COPD and metabolic syndrome.Methods. In this prospective study, patients with stage III – IV COPD, frequent exacerbation phenotype (≥ 2 per a year) and metabolic syndrome (n = 42) were treated with roflumilast (Daxas) 500 mg q.d. additionally to the basic therapy for 12 months. Clinical investigation, mMRC scale and CAT questionnaire, pulse oxymetry, spirometry, 6"min walking test, measurement of glucose, lipids and C"reactive protein in blood were used in all patients.Results. Exacerbation rate decreased in patients with COPD treated with roflumilast. FEV1 and quality of life improved in patients treated with roflumilast. Therapy with roflumilast was associated with statistically significant reduction in the waist circumference without significant change in the body weight, waist"to"hip ratio or body mass index.Conclusion. Therapy with roflumilast was associated with improvement in clinical, laboratory and functional parameters and reduction in exacerbation rate in patients with COPD and metabolic syndrome.
Inhaled steroids / long6acting β2-agonists in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the discussion goes on
Authors: Barabanova E. N. , Kolontareva Y. M. 
Published: October 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an actual healthcare problem. Inflammation is a part of pathogenesis of COPD; therefore, antiinflammatory agents including inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) play an important role in therapy of this disease. Favorable effects of ICS on outcomes of COPD were confirmed, but treatment with ICS in these patients is associated with an increased risk of adverse events, particularly pneumonia. Results of clinical trials demonstrated long"term effects of ICS and long"acting β2"agonists (LABA) in patients with different stages of COPD. Efficacy and safety of novel fluticasone furoate / vilanterol once"daily combination have been discussed in this review. Data on pneumonia as the most troubling adverse effect of ICS / LABA treatment and recent evidence on class specificity of this effect have been reviewed. Blood eosinophilia is considered as a biomarker that potentially could distinguish patients who would have more benefit from ICS prescription.
Development of the optimal therapy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome associated with pulmonary hypertension patients living at high altitude
Authors: Myrzaakhmatova A. K. 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence, clinical and functional markers of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and to develop the optimal therapy for this disease in patents living at high altitude.Methods. The study protocol included physical examination, special respiratory questionnaires, 6"min walk test, spirometry, echocardiography, capnography and polysomnography. The trial treatment included CPAP therapy, acetazolamide or combination of both.Results. A male patient, 62 years of age, with OSAS associated with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) was reported in the article according to the study protocol. The combined therapy with CPAP + acetazolamide was the most effective and resulted in improvement in the sleep quality, oxygen saturation, dyspnea, РtcСО2, hypertension, and the heart beat rate.Conclusion. The combined therapy with CPAP + acetazolamide could be considered as the optimal treatment for patients with OSAS and PAH. OSAS in patients living at high altitude requires further investigations.
SUSTENTABILIDADE NO MEIO AMBIENTE CULTURAL – O EXERCÍCIO DA LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO NA SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Leite Flávia Piva Almeida , Fiorillo Celso Antonio Pacheco 
Published: October 2016

Admitindo a interface entre o Direito Ambiental e a sociedade da informação, e considerando tecnologias da comunicação como a internet como um dos campos de estudo do meio ambiente cultural, o presente estudo traz uma reflexão do papel que a sustentabilidade pode vir a ter nesse meio ambiente. Tendo em vista ser a sustentabilidade um assunto que tem ganhado espaço na agenda das organizações, o foco da pesquisa é mostrar que as redes sociais, os sites e a internet enfim, revolucionaram os comportamentos humanos, trazendo novas perspectivas para a vida em sociedade. Embora as vantagens que o uso da internet oferece através dessas redes sociais, há também situações de riscos e novos conflitos que se apresentam aos seus usuários; entre essas transformações, pode-se mencionar o conteúdo e o limite que a liberdade de expressão e de comunicação está sofrendo em um mundo cada vez mais interligado pela internet, através das redes sociais. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Deposición de Sn en Pt policristalino para su aplicación en la oxidación de metanol
Authors: Rodríguez-Yáñez Javier E. 
Published: October 2016

<p class="p1">Se evaluaron tres diferentes métodos de deposición de estaño en platino policristalino (Pt <em>pc</em>) desde una solución de ácido sulfúrico utilizando técnicas electroquímicas convencionales, con el fin de determinar y comparar su influencia en la oxidación de metanol. </p><p class="p1">Los métodos probados fueron deposición espontánea, deposición a subpotenciales y deposición cíclica a subpotenciales. El estaño fue depositado desde una solución de SnSO<span class="s1">4 </span>en ácido sulfúrico. Se utilizó la reducción del perfil voltamétrico en el área de adsorción de hidrógeno en el platino por el estaño para calcular el grado de cubrimiento de la superficie por el mismo. </p><p class="p1">La adsorción de metanol y su oxidación se compararon entre los electrodos de platino y platino/ estaño, considerando la eficiencia de oxidación de metanol con respecto al área libre de platino como parámetro comparativo. </p>
Modelación del proceso de secado de productos agroindustriales
Authors: Chinè-Polito Bruno 
Published: October 2016

<p class="p1">El secado es uno de los métodos más importantes para la preservación de los bienes agrícolas, tales como granos de cereales, café, productos comestibles y la madera. El comportamiento del material durante el secado depende de la transferencia de calor y masa en el producto sometido al proceso. En este trabajo se presenta un modelo físico y computacional del proceso de secado basado en los fenómenos de transporte de calor y humedad en medios porosos, a partir de las ecuaciones de Fourier para la conducción del calor y de Fick para la transferencia de masa. El modelo considera los trabajos de Luikov (1975) y Sokhansanj y Bruce (1987), este último con acoplamiento del transporte difusivo de masa y calor a través de una condición de borde en la superficie del grano. Las ecuaciones del modelo se desarrollan en computadora usando el método de volúmenes finitos, y las soluciones numéricas se comparan con datos experimentales y numéricos disponibles en la literatura para el caso del secado de los granos de soya. Los valores de los campos de humedad y temperatura en el interior del grano, calculados con un esquema implícito de volúmenes finitos, concuerdan con los de otros autores. En el caso del cálculo de los valores de temperatura usando las ecuaciones de Sokhansanj y Bruce, los resultados numéricos en los tiempos iniciales del proceso de secado difieren de los valores calculados con el modelo de Luikov, debido a la modelación de la evaporación de la humedad en el borde del grano. </p>
Análisis del comportamiento de mercado en las ferias del agricultor de la Gran Área Metropolitana
Authors: García-Barquero Manuel Enrique 
Published: October 2016

<p class="p1">En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que analizó el comportamiento del mercado de las ferias del agricultor en la Gran Área Metropolitana. Se toman en cuenta las regulaciones de ley para estas actividades y la teoría de la mercadotecnia, con el fin de determinar la forma en que se desarrollan estos mercados a través de las variables de participación de oferentes, clientela habitual por oferente y clientela habitual por producto. Considerando estas variables, se pudo determinar la forma en que los agricultores planifican la oferta de productos agrícolas, el 80% de los participantes analizados venden entre 84% y 100% de la oferta semanal. Es importante mencionar que para el análisis de los productos agrícolas se utilizaron los 20 principales productos hortifrutícolas de mayor comercialización en el mercado mayorista del Centro Nacional de Abastecimiento y Distribución de Alimentos (CENADA); de estos, 18 mantienen una participación constante que varía entre el 50% y el 83% durante el año, mientras que el mango y la sandía mantienen un porcentaje menor debido a la estacionalidad de la producción. </p>
Guadua bamboo In pedestrian bridges
Authors: Carmiol-Umaña Virginia 
Published: October 2016

<p class="p1">When discussing pedestrian bridges, it is always useful to consider the latest work done in Colombia. These innovative constructions not only make it possible to cross rivers and roads, but also show how competitive this material is in ecological engineering. The spread of this type of construction throughout the country indicates that Guadua bamboo is already a part of Colombian culture, and that its fresh style is no longer associated only with poverty and social improvement projects. Furthermore, it shows that this material is a perfectly feasible option for a country such as ours, which is exposed to landslides, flooding and earthquakes. </p><p class="p1">Although pedestrian bridges were initially built to shorten distances and overcome natural barriers, during the last several decades they have also become necessary to safeguard pedestrians who have to walk in areas of very high urban growth. However, in spite of the existence of alternative solutions to the same problem, almost all such solutions are postponed, in that they normally involve a State investment. </p><p class="p1">This article addresses a construction technique which originated in South American indigenous populations. Although it was forgotten by several generations, this technique, which has been updated, has multiple benefits. By injecting concrete in bamboo internodes it is possible to build structures that are in harmony with current needs, as well as bridges with more lighting Most importantly, this makes low-impact construction accessible to small communities or private businesses with limited resources. </p>
Crop and food development through modern biotechnology techniques in Central America Development of food crops through the use of modern biotechnology techniques in Central America
Authors: Garro-Monge Giovanni 
Published: October 2016

<p class="p1">In the last decade, the adoption of Genetically Modified Crops (GMC) has increased in scale worldwide. The total area planted with biotechnological crops reached 365 million acres in 2010, while the number of farmers around the world who decided to produce crops with this technology increased as well. </p><p class="p1">At a regional level there have been different responses from government agencies, which have formulated rules and regulations in keeping with the realities of these countries. In Central America, the countries that are most involved in the development and cultivation of food biotechnology techniques are Guatemala (papaya), Honduras (beans and maize), and Costa Rica (cotton, soybean and pineapple). At a global level, the latter two were among the 29 countries with the most GMO crops in 2010. Some countries of the region have also implemented governmental regulatory structures through technical committees on Biosafety. </p><p class="p1">The most important characteristics of these crops in terms of trade continue to be the provision of herbicide tolerance or pest resistance. However, the introduction of new modified products with good prospects in the market is also noteworthy. </p><p class="p1">These experiences with cultivation and Biosafety regulation at a regional level could lead to successful and progressive development of agricultural and food biotechnologies in the near future. </p>
Estrategia basada en el aprendizaje de máquina para tratar con conjuntos de datos no etiquetados usando conjuntos aproximados y/o ganancia de información
Authors: Calvo-Valverde Luis Alexánder 
Published: October 2016

<p class="p1">Hoy en día se recogen datos de muy diversa índole y a un bajo costo, como no se había visto antes en la historia de la humanidad; por ejemplo, sensores que registran datos a cada minuto, páginas <em>web </em>que almacenan todas las acciones que realiza el usuario, supermercados que guardan todo lo que sus clientes compran y en qué momento lo hacen. Pero estas grandes bases de datos presentan un gran reto a sus propietarios ¿Cómo sacarles provecho?, ¿cómo convertir datos en información para la toma de decisiones? </p><p class="p1">Este artículo presenta una estrategia basada en el aprendizaje de máquina para tratar con conjuntos de datos no etiquetados utilizando conjuntos aproximados y/o ganancia de información. Se propone una estrategia para agrupar los datos utilizando <em>k-means</em>, considerando cuánta información aporta un atributo (ganancia de información), además de poder seleccionar cuáles atributos son realmente indispensables para clasificar nuevos datos y cuáles son dispensables (conjuntos aproximados), lo cual es muy beneficioso pues permite tomar decisiones en menor tiempo. </p>
Análisis de un modelo SIS para el estudio de la dinámica de propagación de la enfermedad al aplicar medidas de control
Authors: Alpízar-Brenes Geisel Yajaira 
Published: October 2016

<p class="p1">En este artículo se analiza un modelo discreto metapoblacional SIS para determinar los parámetros que se pueden controlar y representen la aplicación de alguna medida de control, con el objetivo de estudiar su impacto en la dinámica de la enfermedad. Una vez definidos los parámetros controlables, se simulan casos específicos que se asemejen a diferentes escenarios que se pueden presentar en la vida real. </p>
Identificación de abejas sin aguijón (Apidae: Meliponini) a partir de la clasificación de los descriptores SIFT de una imagen del ala derecha anterior
Authors: Figueroa-Mata Geovanni , Prendas-Rojas Juan Pablo , Ramírez-Bogantes Melvin , Aguilar-Monge Ingrid , Herrera-González Eduardo , Travieso-González Carlos Manuel 
Published: October 2016

<p class="p1">Se ha comprobado que la información morfométrica de un ala se puede usar para identificar la especie de algunos insectos, incluidas las abejas. En el presente trabajo se utiliza la información contenida en la fotografía de un ala para discriminar la especie de abejas nativas costarricenses sin aguijón. El método propuesto es un algoritmo discriminador basado en la clasificación de los descriptores SIFT de los puntos clave de la imagen del ala anterior derecha. Los especímenes usados en la investigación se recolectaron directamente de los nidos en diferentes zonas geográficas de Costa Rica y corresponden a 18 especies de 10 géneros. El algoritmo fue validado con 436 imágenes de alas con un resultado de 81% de éxito en la discriminación por género y de 76% a nivel de especie. </p>
Movimiento de centroides y transferencias: alternativas para construir vecinos en sobrecalentamiento simulado
Authors: Chavarría-Molina Jeffry , Fallas-Monge Juan José 
Published: October 2016

<p class="p1">En este artículo se comparan dos estrategias alternativas para la generación de vecinos en el algoritmo de sobrecalentamiento simulado. La primera corresponde a la transferencia de objetos de una clase a otra. La segunda, realiza el movimiento de individuos artificiales (llamados centroides) que representan a las clases. La comparación se realizó en el contexto del problema de optimización combinatoria de clasificación de datos cuantitativos. Este problema fue planteado como una minimización de <em>W(P)</em>, que representa la inercia intraclases como función de una partición <em>P</em>. Finalmente, esto permitió comparar el rendimiento de los algoritmos en diversos conjuntos de datos. </p>
WATERMELON MOSAIC VIRUS OF PUMPKIN (Cucurbita maxima) FROM SULAWESI: IDENTIFICATION, TRANSMISSION, AND HOST RANGE
Authors: Wakmana Wasmo , Kontong M.S. , Teakle D.S. , Persley D.M. 
Published: October 2016

A mosaic disease of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) was spread widely in Sulawesi. Since the virus had not yet been identified, a study was conducted to identify the disease through mechanical inoculation, aphid vector transmission, host range, and electron microscopic test. Crude sap of infected pumpkin leaf samples was rubbed on the cotyledons of healthy pumpkin seedlings for mechanical inoculation. For insect transmission, five infective aphids were infected per seedling. Seedlings of eleven different species were inoculated mechanically for host range test. Clarified sap was examined under the electron microscope. Seeds of two pumpkin fruits from two different infected plants were planted and observed for disease transmission up to one-month old seedlings. The mosaic disease was transmitted mechanically from crude sap of different leaf samples to healthy pumpkin seedlings showing mosaic symptoms. The virus also infected eight cucurbits, i.e., cucumber (Cucumis sativus), green melon (Cucumis melo), orange/rock melon (C. melo), zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), water melon (Citrulus vulgaris), Bennicosa hispida, and blewah (Cucurbita sp.). Aphids transmitted the disease from one to other pumpkin seedlings. The virus was not transmitted by seed. The mosaic disease of pumpkin at Maros, South Sulawesi, was associated with flexious particles of approximately 750 nm length, possibly a potyvirus, such as water melon mosaic virus rather than papaya ringspot virus or zucchini yellow mosaic virus.
SOIL PROPERTIES OF THE ALLUVIAL PLAIN AND ITS POTENTIAL USE FOR AGRICULTURE IN DONGGALA REGION, CENTRAL SULAWESI
Authors: Al-Jabri M. 
Published: October 2016

Agricultural lands of Donggala region are extensively distributed in alluvial plain. However, information on soil properties and fertility constraints has not been known in detail. An investigation of soil resources was conducted in September 2003 and December 2004 to characterize surface soil properties of alluvial plain and to evaluate soil fertility constraints. For this study, 55 representative soil profiles consisting of 187 soil samples were selected for physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses. The soil profiles were classified as soil groups of Ustifluvents, Haplustepts, Eutrudepts, and Endoaquepts. All the soil physical and chemical data were calculated as weighted average based on top 30 cm soil layer analyses. The results showed that soil texture ranged from sandy loam to loam. In ustic moisture regime, the average pH was neutral (7.0-7.2), but in udic moisture regime it was slightly acid (5.5-6.2). In all soil groups, the organic carbon content was very low to low (0.58-1.44%), P retention was very low (3-18%), and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) was very low to low (9-14 cmol(+) kg-1). In contrast, all the soil groups showed very high content of potential phosphate (81- 118 mg P2O5 100 g-1) and potassium (338-475 mg K2O 100 g-1), but the available phosphate and potassium were 16-47 mg kg-1 P and 0.18-0.35 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively, which were considered to be low to medium range. The very high P2O5 and K2O were probably derived from weathered mica-schist and granite rocks, but low exchangeable K was probably due to K fixation. The sand mineral fraction was composed of relatively high (&gt; 20%) weatherable minerals of acid parent materials, such as orthoclase and sanidine, while the clay mineral was composed of smectite and illite. The low soil-CEC, low organic matter, and exchangeable K contents were the main soil fertility constraints. Therefore, soil management should be directed to organic matter application to increase soil carbon content, CEC, and nutrient availability. Fertilizer recommendation for wetland rice and several upland crops is suggested based on the soil properties.