bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Police leadership: the challenges for developing contemporary practice
Authors: Davis Claire , Bailey Di 
Published: November 2017

PurposeIn recent years, police leadership integrity and standards have been positioned as central to the professionalisation agenda of the police service England and Wales (College of Policing, 2015). The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges for developing innovative, more people-oriented approaches to leadership in a command environment like the police.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach in one UK police constabulary was adopted. In all, 38 semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior police officers from chief constable to inspector rank. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.FindingsPolice officers drew on managerial and command discourses in their understandings of leadership. Perceptions of the situation, particularly in terms of perceived risk and visibility, influenced leadership practices in the constabulary.Originality/valueCurrent research and policy places emphasis on “what works” in police leadership; the meanings of leadership to police officers is overshadowed by a focus on effectiveness. Through the use of semi-structured interviews, this research captures police leaders’ understandings of themselves and their leadership. The findings reveal that, at a time when police leadership needs to become more innovative and people focussed, the pressures and complexities of contemporary policing mean that police officers retreat to leadership that is command-based and driven by the primacy of business needs.
Does Islamic equity investment provide diversification benefits to conventional investors? Evidence from the multivariate GARCH analysis
Authors: Saiti Buerhan , Noordin Nazrul Hazizi 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to quantify the extent to which the Malaysia-based equity investors can benefit from diversifying their portfolio into the conventional and Islamic Southeast Asian region and the world’s top ten largest equity indices (China, Japan, Hong Kong, India, the UK, the USA, Canada, France, Germany and Switzerland).Design/methodology/approachThe multivariate GARCH-dynamic conditional correlation is deployed to estimate the time-varying linkages of the selected conventional and Islamic Asian and international stock index returns with the Malaysian stock index returns, covering approximately eight years daily starting from 29 June 2007 to 30 June 2016.FindingsIn general, in terms of volatility, the results indicate that both Asian and international Islamic stock indices are more or less volatile than its conventional counterparts. From the correlation analysis, we can see that both the conventional and Islamic MSCI indices of Japan provide more diversification benefits compared to Southeast Asian region, China, Hong Kong and India. Meanwhile, in terms of international portfolio diversification, the results tend to suggest that both the conventional and Islamic MSCI indices of the USA provide more diversification benefits compared to the UK, Canada, France, Germany and Switzerland.Originality/valueThe findings of this paper may have several significant implications for the Malaysia-based equity investors and fund managers who seek for the understanding of return correlations between the Malaysian stock index and the world’s largest stock market indices in order to gain higher risk-adjusted returns through portfolio diversification. With regard to policy implications, the findings on market shocks and the extent of the interdependence of the Malaysian market with cross-border markets may provide some useful insights in formulating effective macroeconomic stabilization policies in the efforts of preventing contagion effect from deteriorating the domestic economy.
A novel technique to compute static and dynamic performance characteristics of aerostatic thrust bearing
Authors: Yadav Saurabh Kumar , Rajput Arvind Kumar , Ram Nathi , Sharma Satish Chandra 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the dynamic performance of aerostatic thrust bearing for different geometries of recess. Different geometries of recess of equal recess area, i.e. circular, elliptical, rectangular and annular, have been considered in analysis. The work also analyzes the influence of tilt angle on the performance of thrust bearing. To compute the unknown pressure field, the Reynolds equation governing the flow of compressible lubricant (air) has been solved using finite element formulation. Further, separate finite element formulations have been carried out to compute fluid film stiffness and damping coefficients directly. This method provides quick computation of stiffness and damping coefficients of aerostatic thrust bearing than the usual approach.

Design/methodology/approach
As the Reynolds equation governing the flow of compressible lubricant is nonlinear partial differential equation, the computation of the stiffness and damping coefficient follows an iterative procedure. It requires a lot of computational energy. Therefore, in the present work, a novel technique based on finite element formulation is suggested to compute air film stiffness and damping coefficient in aerostatic thrust bearing.

Findings
A novel technique based on finite element formulation is illustrated to simulate the performance of tilted pad aerostatic thrust bearing. On the basis of simulated results, following key conclusions may be drawn. The static and dynamic performance of a circular aerostatic tilted thrust pad bearing is significantly affected with a change in the value of tilt parameter and the shape of the recess.

Research limitations/implications
Implications are as follows: direct computation of air film damping coefficient is performed without perturbation method in finite element method (FEM); influence of tilt on aerostatic thrust bearing is studied; influence of recess shape on aerostatic thrust bearing is observed; and finite element formulation of aerostatic thrust bearing is performed.

Originality/value
The present work will be quite useful for bearing designer and academicians.
Preparation and tribological properties of BN/calcium borate nanocomposites as additive in lubricating oil
Authors: Yang Yanfei , Wang Xiaobo , Mei Sen , Zhu Xing , Chen Shiqiang , Xiong Peng , Hu Zhihai , Xiong Kun , Yuan Dong Song 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological performance and mechanisms of BN/calcium borate nanocomposites (BCBNs) as additives in lubricating oil.

Design/methodology/approach
BCBNs were prepared by heterogeneous deposition method. And the morphology and structure of samples were analysed by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray powder diffraction pattern. The maximum non-seizure load (PB) of samples was tested using four-ball friction tester. The average friction coefficients and wear tracks were obtained. In addition, tribological mechanism was also investigated using optical microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope.

Findings
It was found that the nanocomposites present core-shell nanostructure with the thickness of shell around 12 nm and the diameter of particles 100-200 nm, and tribological tests indicate that the PB value of BCBNs was increased by 113 per cent, whereas the average friction coefficient was decreased by 23.6 per cent and the bloom’s wear area was also decreased by 25.2 per cent.

Originality/value
This paper involves investigation on tribological properties and mechanism of the BCBNs with core-shell structure.
How do principals practise leadership for social justice in diverse school settings? A Hong Kong case study
Authors: Szeto Elson , Cheng Annie Yan Ni 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Empirical research on leadership for social justice is in progress in many parts of the world. The purpose of this paper is to explore principals’ school-leadership journeys in response to social-justice issues caused by specific contextual changes at times of uncertainty. It seeks to answer the following key questions: What social-justice issues do principals identify as arising from their schools’ transformation due to contextual changes? How do principals practise leadership for social justice in response to these contextual changes at different levels?

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on qualitative data from a cross-case study of two principals’ school-leadership journeys. The authors pay particular attention to the understanding of leadership for social justice grounded in principals’ efforts to foster equality in learning development for a diverse student population.

Findings
Timely adverse conditions may be required to foster leadership for social justice in schools. The principals reacted to contextual changes at several levels, planning and implementing innovative and flexible interventions to ensure equality in students’ learning development. These findings contribute to international accounts of educational leadership.

Research limitations/implications
This study of leadership for social justice in schools is contextually specific. Therefore, more empirical comparisons of school leadership are required in future studies, as principals’ practices vary between education settings.

Originality/value
This paper offers insights into the evolution of leadership for social justice in schools in response to contextual changes. Principals’ leadership strategies can be reoriented and their actions reshaped to overcome threats to social justice in schools. Accordingly, although leadership for social justice in school communities is culturally and pedagogically inclusive, it is also socially distinctive.
The trustworthiness of internet-based quality signals: an interactivity perspective
Authors: Ni Wenbin , Sun Hongyi 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This study aims to examine the trustworthiness of internet-based quality signals (specifically webpages and before-sale services) from the perspective of interactivity by evaluating the associations between on-line signals of product quality and the off-line perceived quality of actual products.

Design/methodology/approach
Empirical data are collected from 261 Chinese female university students. Partial least squares structural equation modelling is used to test the conceptual model.

Findings
Both webpages and before-sale services are positively associated with off-line perceived quality, but only the quality of before-sale service has a direct association with customer satisfaction. Webpages and before-sale services are both trustworthy signals for indicating the quality of physical products; however, these signals provide different levels of trustworthiness.

Research limitations/implications
The interactivity perspective supplements information-economics theory in examining the trustworthiness of internet-based signals. A signal is a trustworthy indicator only if customers perceive a close relationship between the quality of the signal and the actual product quality.

Practical implications
On-line sellers should improve the reciprocity and controllability of communications from a buyer’s perspective and should pay more attention to the strategic role of on-line communication for improving customer service.

Originality/value
Researchers have evaluated the trustworthiness of on-line quality signals from an information-economics perspective. This study extends these previous studies by addressing the perspective of interactivity. Two types of product-quality signals, including webpages and before-sale services, are assessed in terms of their trustworthiness by examining how these signals relate to off-line perceived quality and customer satisfaction.
Investigating entrepreneurial success factors of women-owned SMEs in UAE
Authors: Gupta Namrata , Mirchandani Anita 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key factors affecting the success of women entrepreneurs who own and manage Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in UAE. The extant literature on the relationship between determinants of entrepreneurial success points to a lack of clarification of the link between success factors (Personal, environmental and other) and performance of women-owned SMEs particularly in UAE.

Design/methodology/approach
A self-administered questionnaire, through mail survey, is used to collect the data. Cronbach’s α test and factor analysis have been carried out to test the reliability of data and validate the hypothesis.

Findings
The results suggested that the personal, environmental factors and government support affect positively and significantly to the success of women-owned SMEs in UAE.

Research limitations/implications
The study has some limits as to its potential for generalization owing to the sample size, wide geographic spread of respondents and time limitations with the respondents.

Practical implications
The results indicate that several factors including personal, environmental and government support are linked with the success of women entrepreneurs of UAE. The results of this study will provide some insights to policymakers and business practitioners to formulate the strategies intended to promote unveiled potential among women entrepreneurs in UAE.

Originality/value
Most of the studies focused on women entrepreneurship have taken either their motives or the hurdles faced by them into consideration. Moreover, only a few studies have been carried out in Arab world particularly in UAE. Therefore, this study is an attempt to fill the gap and contribute to a better understanding of UAE’s women-owned SMEs.
Post-PhD researchers’ experiences: an emotionally rocky road
Authors: Skakni Isabelle , McAlpine Lynn 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThis study aims to examine how post-PhD researchers construct their identities through significant work experiences as they endeavour to develop their research independence and a distinct scholarly profile. The authors were especially interested in how they made meaning of their important work experiences, the ones that were emotionally salient.Design/methodology/approachUsing a narrative approach, the analysis was conducted on a data subset from a large cross-national mixed-methods research project about early-career researchers’ identity development. The sample included 71 post-PhD researchers from the UK who completed an online survey. Ten of whom were also interviewed through a semi-structured protocol.FindingsPost-PhD researchers considered work experiences to be significant when those experiences helped them to gauge whether their self-representation as researchers was coherent and a further research career was practicable. The same type of significant event (e.g. publishing in a prestigious journal) could hold different meanings depending on who experienced it. Positive experiences helped to maintain their motivation and made them feel that they were consolidating their identities. Negative experiences tended to challenge their sense of identity and their sense of belonging to academia. Whereas positive feelings towards a significant experience appeared to persist over time, negative feelings seemed to fade or evolve through self-reflection, but ultimately had greater saliency.Originality/valueFew previous studies have been conducted on how emotionally powerful work experiences influence post-PhD researchers’ identity development. Besides highlighting how emotions and feelings, often-neglected aspects of identity development, influence the process, this study offers a constructive – and, in some ways, alternative – view of the impact that negative experiences have on their identity development.
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4): Targeting endothelial nitric oxide synthase as a potential therapy for pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Francis Bahaa N. , Salameh Maram , Khamisy‐Farah Rola , Farah Raymond 
Published: November 2017

SummaryPurposePulmonary Hypertension (PH) is complex disease which is associated with endothelial and cardiac dysfunction. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce nitric oxide rather than superoxide which maintains normal endothelial and cardiac function. This study explores the therapeutic potential of BH4 in experimental PH.MethodsMonocrotaline‐induced PH in rats and Hph‐1 deficiency in mice were used for animal experiments. Hemodynamic measurements using pressure transducers were conducted for pulmonary and cardiac pressures, and Langendorff apparatus was used for isolated heart experiments; preventive as well as rescue treatment protocols were conducted; tissues were collected for histological and biochemical studies.ResultsIn vivo acute BH4 administration reduced pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) only in the MCT rat. In a Langendorff preparation, BH4 increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) but not in control. In “prevention” therapy, BH4 (10 and 100 mg/kg) attenuated the development of PH in rat MCT model. eNOS protein levels in lung homogenates were maintained and cGMP levels were increased. In “rescue” therapy, BH4 (10 and 100 mg/kg) ameliorated pulmonary vascular muscularization in a dose‐dependent manner. RVSP was reduced in RVH and pulmonary vascular muscularization was attenuated. BH4 at 10 mg/kg reduced RV myocyte diameter while BH4 at 100 mg/kg reversed it to control level. BH4 restored normal levels of eNOS protein and in a dose of 100 mg/kg enhanced lung tissue levels of BH4, cGMP, and NO compared to placebo.ConclusionThe current study provides scientific evidence for a therapeutic potential of BH4 in PH and invites further investigation.
Deployment‐Related Military Sexual Trauma Predicts Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Problems Among Male Reserve and National Guard Soldiers
Authors: Fillo Jennifer , Heavey Sarah Cercone , Homish D. Lynn , Homish Gregory G. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundMilitary sexual trauma (MST) is associated with a range of deleterious mental and physical health consequences; however, far less attention has been paid to the associations between MST and negative health behaviors, such as substance abuse. This study examined 2 focal research questions: (i) What is the prevalence of experiencing MST during deployment among male Reserve and National Guard soldiers? and (ii) to what extent is the degree of MST exposure during deployment associated with frequent heavy drinking and alcohol problems postdeployment?MethodsData from male soldiers who had been deployed (N = 248) were drawn from the baseline wave of Operation: SAFETY (Soldiers And Families Excelling Through the Years) an ongoing study examining health among U.S. Army Reserve and National Guard and their partners. Participants were recruited over a 15‐month period (Summer 2014 to Fall 2015) from units in New York State. Deployments occurred prior to the baseline wave of the study. Analyses examined the relation between degree of MST exposure during soldiers’ most recent deployment and (i) frequent heavy drinking and (ii) alcohol problems, measured at baseline, controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and age.Results17.3% of the male service members reported experiencing MST during their most recent deployment. Further, greater MST exposure was associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in frequent heavy drinking (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.05]) and experiencing alcohol problems (aRR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.06]) at baseline.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate that MST rates are high among male Reserve and National Guard soldiers, and greater MST exposure is associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in frequent heavy drinking and experiencing alcohol problems among a population already at risk for problematic alcohol use.
Perspectives in allergen immunotherapy: 2017 and beyond
Authors: Pfaar O. , Bonini S. , Cardona V. , Demoly P. , Jakob T. , Jutel M. , Kleine‐Tebbe J. , Klimek L. , Klysner S. , Kopp M. V. , Kuna P. , Larché M. , Muraro A. , Schmidt‐Weber C. B. , Shamji M. H. , Simonsen K. , Somoza C. , Valovirta E. , Zieglmayer P. , Zuberbier T. , Wahn U. ,   the FASIT group
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Future of the Allergists and Specific Immunotherapy (FASIT) workshop provides a regular platform for global experts from academia, allergy clinics, regulatory authorities and industry to review developments in the field of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). The most recent meeting, held in February 2017, had two main themes: advances in AIT and hot topics in AIT from the regulatory point of view. The first theme covered opportunities for personalized AIT, advances in adjuvants and delivery systems, and the development of new molecules and future vaccines for AIT. Key topics in the second part of the meeting were the effects of the enactment of European Directive 2001/83 on the availability of allergens for therapy and diagnosis across the EU, the challenges of conducting Phase 3 studies in the field, the future role of allergen exposure chambers in AIT studies and specific considerations in performing AIT studies in the paediatric population. Finally, the group highlighted the forthcoming EAACI guidelines and their particular importance for the standardization of practice in the treatment of allergies. This review presents a comprehensive insight into those panel discussions and highlights unmet needs and also possible solutions to them for the future.
Review demonstrates that less invasive surfactant administration in preterm neonates leads to fewer complications
Authors: Gortner Ludwig , Schüller Simone S. , Herting Egbert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSurfactant treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was introduced in Europe during the 1990s. Meta‐analyses have indicated that using less invasive surfactant administration techniques on preterm neonates receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) results in improved survival rates without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Surfactant should be administered early and ventilator settings adapted to changing oxygen requirements and lung mechanics. Side effects including initial bradycardia, oxygen desaturation, tube obstruction and isolated cases of pulmonary haemorrhage have been reported.ConclusionLess invasive surfactant therapy improves pulmonary outcomes in preterm neonates with RDS and should ideally be administered in combination with CPAP.
Children with optic nerve hypoplasia face a high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Dahl Sara , Wickström Ronny , Ek Ulla , Teär Fahnehjelm Kristina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimOptic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital ocular malformation that has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, but the prevalence in unilateral disease and less severe visual impairment is unknown. We studied intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in patients with ONH.MethodsThis was a population‐based cross‐sectional cohort study of 65 patients (33 female) with ONH below 20 years of age, living in Stockholm in December 2009, with data analysed in January 2016. Of these 35 were bilateral and 30 were unilateral. Neurodevelopmental disorders were diagnosed or confirmed by neurological assessments, the Five to Fifteen parent questionnaire and reviewing previous neuropsychological investigations or conducting neuropsychological tests.ResultsBilateral ONH patients had lower mean full scale intelligence quotient scores than unilateral patients (84.4 and 99.4, respectively, p = 0.049). We assessed intellectual disability in 55 eligible patients, and it was more common in patients with bilateral ONH (18 of 32, 56%) than unilateral ONH (two of 23, 9%, p < 0.001). ASDs were diagnosed in seven of 42 (17%) patients.ConclusionChildren with bilateral ONH had a high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, especially intellectual disability. The risk was lower in unilateral ONH, but the levels of neurodevelopmental disorders warrant screening of both groups.