bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo
Conditions Enable IFNAR-Independent Type I Interferon Production by Peritoneal CD11b
+
Cells upon Thogoto Virus Infection
Authors: Kochs Georg , Anzaghe Martina , Kronhart Stefanie , Wagner Valentina , Gogesch Patricia , Scheu Stefanie , Lienenklaus Stefan , Waibler Zoe 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Type I interferons (IFNs) crucially contribute to host survival upon viral infections. Robust expression of type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) and induction of an antiviral state critically depend on amplification of the IFN signal via the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR). A small amount of type I IFN produced early upon virus infection binds the IFNAR and activates a self-enhancing positive feedback loop, resulting in induction of large, protective amounts of IFN-α. Unexpectedly, we found robust, systemic IFN-α expression upon infection of IFNAR knockout mice with the orthomyxovirus Thogoto virus (THOV). The IFNAR-independent IFN-α production required
in vivo
conditions and was not achieved during
in vitro
infection. Using replication-incompetent THOV-derived virus-like particles, we demonstrate that IFNAR-independent type I IFN induction depends on viral polymerase activity but is largely independent of viral replication. To discover the cell type responsible for this effect, we used type I IFN reporter mice and identified CD11b
+
F4/80
+
myeloid cells within the peritoneal cavity of infected animals as the main source of IFNAR-independent type I IFN, corresponding to the particular tropism of THOV for this cell type.

IMPORTANCE
Type I IFNs are crucial for the survival of a host upon most viral infections, and, moreover, they shape subsequent adaptive immune responses. Production of protective amounts of type I IFN critically depends on the positive feedback amplification via the IFNAR. Unexpectedly, we observed robust IFNAR-independent type I IFN expression upon THOV infection and unraveled molecular mechanisms and determined the tissue and cell type involved. Our data indicate that the host can effectively use alternative pathways to induce type I IFN responses if the classical feedback amplification is not available. Understanding how type I IFN can be produced in large amounts independently of IFNAR-dependent enhancement will identify mechanisms which might contribute to novel therapeutic strategies to fight viral pathogens.
Influence of neighbourhood socioeconomic position on the transition to type II diabetes in older Mexican Americans: the Sacramento Area Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Garcia Lorena , Lee Anne , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina , Neuhaus John M , Moyce Sally , Aiello Allison , Elfassy Tali , Haan Mary N 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the influence of neighbourhood socioeconomic position (NSEP) on development of diabetes over time.DesignA longitudinal cohort study.SettingThe data reported were from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging, a longitudinal study of the health of 1789 older Latinos.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling older Mexican Americans residing in the Sacramento Metropolitan Statistical Area.Main outcomeMultistate Markov regression were used to model transitions through four possible states over time: 1=normal; 2=pre-diabetic; 3=diabetic; and 4=death without diabetes.ResultsAt baseline, nearly 50% were non-diabetic, 17.5% were pre-diabetic and nearly 33% were diabetic. At the end of follow-up, there were a total of 824 people with type 2 diabetes. In a fully adjusted MSM regression model, among non-diabetics, higher NSEP was not associated with a transition to pre-diabetes. Among non-diabetics, higher NSEP was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (HR=1.66, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.42) and decreased risk of death without diabetes (HR: 0.56, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.96). Among pre-diabetics, higher NSEP was significantly associated with a transition to non-diabetic status (HR: 1.22, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.50). Adjusting for BMI, age, education, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, medical insurance and nativity did not affect this relationship.ConclusionsOur findings show that high NSEP poses higher risk of progression from normal to diabetes compared with a lower risk of death without diabetes. This work presents a possibility that these associations are modified by nativity or culture.
Social Stories in mainstream schools for children with autism spectrum disorder: a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marshall David , Wright Barry , Allgar Victoria , Adamson Joy , Williams Christine , Ainsworth Hannah , Cook Liz , Varley Danielle , Hackney Lisa , Dempster Paul , Ali Shehzad , Trepel Dominic , Collingridge Moore Danielle , Littlewood Elizabeth , McMillan Dean 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of recruitment, retention, outcome measures and intervention training/delivery among teachers, parents and children. To calculate a sample size estimation for full trial.DesignA single-centre, unblinded, cluster feasibility randomised controlled trial examining Social Stories delivered within a school environment compared with an attentional control.Setting37 primary schools in York, UK.Participants50 participants were recruited and a cluster randomisation approach by school was examined. Participants were randomised into the treatment group (n=23) or a waiting list control group (n=27).Outcome measuresAcceptability and feasibility of the trial, intervention and of measurements required to assess outcomes in a definitive trial.ResultsAn assessment of the questionnaire completion rates indicated teachers would be most appropriate to complete the primary outcome measure. 2 outcome measures: the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)-2 and a goal-based measure showed both the highest levels of completion rates (above 80%) at the primary follow-up point (6 weeks postintervention) and captured relevant social and behaviour outcomes. Power calculations were based on these 2 outcome measures leading to a total proposed sample size of 180 participant groups.ConclusionsResults suggest that a future trial would be feasible to conduct and could inform the policy and practice of using Social Stories in mainstream schools.Trial registration numberISRCTN96286707; Results.
Impact of clinical leadership in teams’ course on quality, efficiency, responsiveness and trust in the emergency department: study protocol of a trailing research study
Authors: Husebø Sissel Eikeland , Olsen Øystein Evjen 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionClinical leadership has long been recognised as critical for optimising patient safety, quality of care and interprofessional teamwork in busy and stressful healthcare settings. There is a need to compensate for the absence of the conventional mentor-to-apprentice transfer of clinical leadership knowledge and skills. While young doctors and nurses are increasingly proficient in medical, surgical and technical skills, their training in, and knowledge of clinical leadership skills, is not adequate to meet the demands for these non-technical skills in the emergency department. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to present and discuss the study protocol of clinical leadership in a course for teams that aims to improve quality, efficiency, responsiveness of healthcare services and collegial trust in the emergency department.Methods and analysisThe study employs a trailing research design using multiple quantitative and qualitative methods in the summative (pretest and post-test) and formative evaluation. Quantitative data have been collected from a patient questionnaire, the emergency departments’ database and by the observation of team performance. Qualitative data have been collected by shadowing healthcare professionals and through focus group interviews. To ensure trustworthiness in the data analysis, we will apply member checks and analyst triangulation, in addition to providing contextual and sample description to allow for evaluation of transferability of our results to other contexts and groups.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the ethics committee of the western part of Norway and the hospital. The study is based on voluntary participation and informed written consent. Informants can withdraw at any point in time. The results will be disseminated at research conferences, peer review journals and through public presentations to people outside the scientific community.
Integrating palliative care into the community: the role of hospices and schools
Authors: Paul Sally , Cree Viviene E , Murray Scott A 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesPalliative care services have, up to now, paid insufficient attention to social aspects of dying and bereavement and this has affected how patients and their families experience end of life and bereavement within their communities. New public health approaches to palliative care offer a different way forward by seeking to develop communities that support death and bereavement. Such approaches are now a priority for the majority of hospices in the UK and work with schools has been identified as a key area of work. Practice that engages schools and children on issues concerning end-of-life care is, however, underdeveloped and underdocumented. This research explored the role of hospices in working with schools to promote education and support around end-of-life and bereavement experiences.MethodsAction research was used to explore the potential for hospices to work with schools and engage participants in change processes. The research was conducted in 1 hospice and 2 primary schools in Scotland. Participants included children, parents and school and hospice staff.ResultsSeven innovations were identified that were found to be useful for the school curriculum and the relationship between hospices, school communities and wider society. A model for integrated practice between hospices and schools is suggested.ConclusionsThis research adds to knowledge about how hospices might engage in community engagement activities that encourage school staff to develop greater openness and support around end-of-life and bereavement care for their children. This will require a rethinking of normal hospice services to also participate in community capacity building.
Intraprocedural abciximab bolus versus pretreatment oral dual antiplatelet medication for endovascular stenting of unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Levitt Michael R , Moon Karam , Albuquerque Felipe C , Mulholland Celene B , Kalani M Yashar S , McDougall Cameron G 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundStandard pretreatment with dual antiplatelet medication (DAPM) was compared with a standalone intraprocedural abciximab bolus for the prevention of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events during endovascular stenting of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.Materials and methodsWe treated 94 patients with 99 aneurysms with intracranial stenting (with or without coiling). Patients were either pretreated with DAPM daily for ≥3 days before stenting (pretreatment group) or received an abciximab bolus during or immediately after stent placement followed by postoperative DAPM (abciximab group), at the treating physician's discretion. Twenty patients underwent immediate postoperative MRI. Demographic, clinical, and radiological information and periprocedural complications were recorded.ResultsThere were 52 procedures in the pretreatment group and 47 in the abciximab group. More flow-diverting stents were placed in the pretreatment group than in the abciximab group (45 vs 23, p<0.001), and the aneurysm diameter was larger (11.2±6.7 vs 8.3±4.7 mm, p=0.01). There were 11 thrombotic and 7 access site complications, with no significant difference between the groups (p>0.99 and p=0.12, respectively). There were no intracranial hemorrhages. In patients with postoperative MRI, there was no difference in the presence of diffusion-restricted lesions between groups (p=0.20). Multivariate analysis of a composite of any complication did not show significant associations with aneurysm or patient variables in either group.ConclusionsStandalone intraprocedural abciximab bolus was not associated with an increased rate of complications compared with pretreatment with DAPM for unruptured intracranial aneurysm stenting.
Cognitive impairment among patients with multiple sclerosis: associations with employment and quality of life
Authors: Campbell J , Rashid W , Cercignani M , Langdon D 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo explore the relationship between cognitive impairment and conventional measures of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), quality of life (QOL) and employment status using the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) in the routine outpatient clinic.Methods62 patients with MS were assessed on the BICAMS test battery for cognitive impairment. Data were obtained on employment status and a number of questionnaires completed including fatigue severity score, multiple sclerosis neuropsychological questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale, the functional assessment of multiple sclerosis (FAMS) as well as on the EuroQOL five dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D). Other assessments include the patient activation measure and unidimensional self-efficacy scale for multiple sclerosis.ResultsCognitive assessment revealed 44 subjects (65%) had evidence of cognitive impairment on formal testing. In comparison with patients without evidence of cognitive impairment, cognitively impaired patients exhibited significantly higher rates of unemployment (p=0.009). The symbol digits modalities test was the most significant predictor of unemployment. Cognitive impairment was associated with lower QOL scores on the FAMS (p=0.001) and EQ-5D (p&lt;0.001).ConclusionsBICAMS provides a sensitive and easy to administer screening test for cognitive impairment within the outpatient setting. Cognitive impairment is common in our cohort of patients with MS attending outpatients and appears to be associated with increased rates of unemployment and lower measures of QOL.
A Retargetable Compilation Framework for Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Computing
Authors: Ul-Abdin Zain , Svensson Bertil 
Published: August 2016

The future trend in microprocessors for the more advanced embedded systems is focusing on massively parallel reconfigurable architectures, consisting of heterogeneous ensembles of hundreds of processing elements communicating over a reconfigurable interconnection network. However, the mastering of low-level microarchitectural details involved in the programming of such massively parallel platforms becomes too cumbersome, which limits their adoption in many applications. Thus, there is a dire need for an approach to produce high-performance scalable implementations that harness the computational resources of the emerging reconfigurable platforms.
This article addresses the grand challenge of accessibility of these diverse reconfigurable platforms by suggesting the use of a high-level language, occam-pi, and developing a complete design flow for building, compiling, and generating machine code for heterogeneous coarse-grained hardware. We have evaluated the approach by implementing complex industrial case studies and three common signal processing algorithms. The results of the implemented case studies suggest that the occam-pi language-based approach, because of its well-defined semantics for expressing concurrency and reconfigurability, simplifies the development of applications employing runtime reconfigurable devices. The associated compiler framework ensures portability as well as the performance benefits across heterogeneous platforms.
Diastolic dysfunction in prediabetic male rats: Role of mitochondrial oxidative stress
Authors: Koncsos Gábor , Varga Zoltán V. , Baranyai Tamás , Boengler Kerstin , Rohrbach Susanne , Li Ling , Schlüter Klaus-Dieter , Schreckenberg Rolf , Radovits Tamás , Oláh Attila , Mátyás Csaba , Lux Árpád , Al-Khrasani Mahmoud , Komlódi Tímea , Bukosza Nóra , Máthé Domokos , Deres László , Barteková Monika , Rajtík Tomáš , Adameová Adriana , Szigeti Krisztián , Hamar Péter , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Tretter László , Pacher Pál , Merkely Béla , Giricz Zoltán , Schulz Rainer , Ferdinandy Péter 
Published: August 2016

Although incidence and prevalence of prediabetes are increasing, little is known about its cardiac effects. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of prediabetes on cardiac function and to characterize parameters and pathways associated with deteriorated cardiac performance. Long-Evans rats were fed with either control or high-fat chow for 21 wk and treated with a single low dose (20 mg/kg) of streptozotocin at week 4. High-fat and streptozotocin treatment induced prediabetes as characterized by slightly elevated fasting blood glucose, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, increased visceral adipose tissue and plasma leptin levels, as well as sensory neuropathy. In prediabetic animals, a mild diastolic dysfunction was observed, the number of myocardial lipid droplets increased, and left ventricular mass and wall thickness were elevated; however, no molecular sign of fibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy was shown. In prediabetes, production of reactive oxygen species was elevated in subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Expression of mitofusin-2 was increased, while the phosphorylation of phospholamban and expression of Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3, a marker of mitophagy) decreased. However, expression of other markers of cardiac auto- and mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, inflammation, heat shock proteins, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, mammalian target of rapamycin, or apoptotic pathways were unchanged in prediabetes. This is the first comprehensive analysis of cardiac effects of prediabetes indicating that mild diastolic dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy are multifactorial phenomena that are associated with early changes in mitophagy, cardiac lipid accumulation, and elevated oxidative stress and that prediabetes-induced oxidative stress originates from the subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/myocardial-dysfunction-in-prediabetes/ .
Consistency of Hemoglobin A1c Testing and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Medicare Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Goodney Philip P. , Newhall Karina A. , Bekelis Kimon , Gottlieb Daniel , Comi Richard , Chaudrain Sushela , Faerber Adrienne E. , Mackenzie Todd A. , Skinner Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2016

Background
Annual hemoglobin A1c testing is recommended for patients with diabetes mellitus. However, it is unknown how consistently patients with diabetes mellitus receive hemoglobin A1c testing over time, or whether testing consistency is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods and Results

We identified 1 574 415 Medicare patients (2002–2012) with diabetes mellitus over the age of 65. We followed each patient for a minimum of 3 years to determine their consistency in hemoglobin A1C testing, using 3 categories: low (testing in 0 or 1 of 3 years), medium (testing in 2 of 3 years), and high (testing in all 3 years). In unweighted and inverse propensity‐weighted cohorts, we examined associations between testing consistency and major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, amputation, or the need for leg revascularization. Overall, 70.2% of patients received high‐consistency testing, 17.6% of patients received medium‐consistency testing, and 12.2% of patients received low‐consistency testing. When compared to high‐consistency testing, low‐consistency testing was associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events or death in unweighted analyses (hazard ratio [
HR
]=1.21; 95%
CI
, 1.20–1.23;
P
<0.001), inverse propensity‐weighted analyses (
HR
=1.16; 95%
CI
, 1.15–1.17;
P
<0.001), and weighted analyses limited to patients who had at least 4 physician visits annually (
HR
=1.15; 95%
CI
, 1.15–1.16;
P
<0.001). Less‐consistent testing was associated with worse results for each cardiovascular outcome and in analyses using all years as the exposure.

Conclusions
Consistent annual hemoglobin A1c testing is associated with fewer adverse cardiovascular outcomes in this observational cohort of Medicare patients of diabetes mellitus.
Rainbows, Halos, Coronas and Glories: Beautiful Sources of Information
Authors: Können Gunther P. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Rainbows, halos, coronas, and glories are aesthetic features admired over millennia by man. They are also carriers of useful information about the physical properties of drops and solid particles floating in the atmospheres of Earth and other planets. Although atmospheric optics is a centuries-old discipline, significant progress in the understanding of these phenomena has been achieved during the past 40 years, as well as of their relation to the physical properties of the individual scatterers. At the same time, with the development of planetary exploration, the number of observations of rainbows, halos, and glories in the atmospheres of planets other than Earth is steadily growing. In this article we describe these phenomena and their information content and illustrate them with pictures mostly showing their typical appearance rather than presenting the “best pictures ever.”
An alternative general method to evaluate the atmospheric down-welling radiation
Authors: Wang Yan , Pan Dongmei , Wang Lei , Long Enshen , Deng Shiming 
Published: August 2016

The importance of atmospheric down-welling radiation in studying building thermal environments and energy performance has been well identified, and empirical formulae to evaluate atmospheric down-welling radiation values developed with their inadequacies. In this paper, a study of developing an alternative general method for evaluating atmospheric down-welling radiation values to the water pond-based empirical formula by Clark and Allen is reported. The validity of the alternative general method has been demonstrated by comparing the atmospheric down-welling radiation values evaluated using the alternative general method and that using the Clark and Allen’s formula. Since the alternative general method developed is based on a building roof system, and no water is involved, the alternative general method developed in this paper appears to have more advantages. On one hand, this could eliminate any potential impacts on prediction accuracy when water is used in different climates. On the other hand, the application of the alternative general method is relatively easier as only a suitable existing roof system is required. Therefore, the use of alternative general method can provide a more reliable and economic alternative in evaluating atmospheric down-welling radiation, when compared to using Clark and Allen’s empirical formula. Practical application The alternative general method developed for evaluating atmospheric down-welling radiation values in this paper could be used as an alternative to the empirical formula proposed by Clark and Allen and is valid for all climate conditions and easy to be implemented to evaluate alternative general method values. It can be used when evaluating building night sky cooling, building passive cooling system, etc.