bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of the Motion of Ice Past Obstacles by the Process of Regelation
Authors: Morris E. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe results of regelation experiments, in which a single object is pulled through ice, cannot be applied directly to the problem of basal sliding in glaciers because the two systems have different geometries. When the force applied to a single object is small, impurities trapped in the regelation water-layer around the object inhibit the regelation process. At larger forces, above the Drake-Shreve transition point, impurities are shed in a trace behind the object. However, when ice moves over a series of obstacles a trace may exist above and below the transition point. The regelation velocity below the transition point is not reduced by the effect of trapped impurities. In an experiment in which brass cylingerrs of various cross-sections rotate in ice, the ratio between the expected regelation velocity, calculated using the basal-sliding theory of Nye, and the measured regelation velocity is 8±2, both above and below the transition point. The same ratio has been obtained by other workers with wires of similar thermal conductivity above the transition point. Measurements of température differences indicate that supercooling cannot be the main source of the unexpectedly low regelation velocities above the transition point.
On the use of Tensiometers in Snow Hydrology
Authors: Colbeck S. C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe construction and use of snow-water tensiometers is gerscribed. Water pressure at the base of a shallow, Arctic snow-pack was measured to illustrate the response of the basal layer to water percolation. Water tension above an ice layer and water flux through the ice layer were measured in glacial snow. The gravity flow theory is used to explain the close agreement between these parameters. This suggests that the ice layer has little effect on the flow field and that gravity (rather than tension gradients) controls the flow. Further work on water tensions is neegerd to igerntify the role of tension gradients in ripening and shallow snow covers.
On the Origin of Ablation Hollows (Polygons) on Snow
Authors: Jahn Alfred , Kłapa Mieczyslaw 
Published: September 2017

Ablation polygons on snow have been examined, mainly in the Tatra Mountains, both by field observation and by experiment. The polygons are initiated under peculiar climatic conditions—mostly when the melting of snow is somewhat slow and is accompanied simultaneously by the metamorphism of snow. A thick snow cover appears to be a prerequisite of this process. A detailed analysis of the problem of dirt concentration in snow, due to ablation, reveals the major role played by adhesion in this process. The concentration of dirt is due to lateral movement of the material and this is intrinsically related to the micro-elements of the snow surface.The origin and development of ablation polygons do not depend on the presence of dirt in the snow; on the contrary, the process of dirt concentration and its effects are dependent on the evolution of polygonal forms.
The Mass Balance of the Sea Ice of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Koerner R. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFrom data taken on the British Trans-Arctic Expedition it is calculated that 9% of the Arctic Ocean surface between the North Pole and Spitsbergen was hummocked or ridged ice, 17% was unridged ice less than a year old, 73% was unridged old ice and 0.6% was ice-free. The mode of 250 thickness measurements taken through level areas of old floes along the entire traverse lies between 2.25 and 2.75 m. The mean end-of-winter thickness of the ice is calculated to be 4.6 m in the Pacific Gyral and 3.9 m in the Trans-Polar Drift Stream. From measurements of the percentage coverage and thickness of the various ice forms, it is calculated that the total annual ice accumulation in the Arctic Ocean is equivalent to a continuous layer of ice 1.1 m thick. 47% of this accumulation occurs in ice-free areas and under ice less than 1 year old. 20% of the total ice production is either directly or indirectly related to ridging or hummocking. An ice-ablation rate of 500 kg m−2 measured on a level area of a multi-year floe is compared with the rate on deformed and ponded ice. Greatest melting occurs on new hummocks and least on old smooth hummocks. The annual balance of ice older than 1 year but younger than multi-year ice is calculated from a knowledge of ice-drift patterns and the percentage coverage of first-year ice. The same calculations give a mean-maximum drift period of 5 years for ice in the Trans-Polar Drift Stream and 16 years in the Pacific Gyral. It is calculated that for the period February 1968 to May 1969 the annual ice export was 5 580 km3.
Ice Calving into the Proglacial Generator Lake, Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada
Authors: Holdsworth G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe morphology of the Barnes Ice Cap margin at the proglacial Generator Lake is described. Types of calving that take place into the lake are discussed, particularly an observed calving in July 1970 when an ice-ramp of about 0.4 × 106 m3 volume broke off due to a rise in lake level. Bending analyses which throw some light on the calving mechanism are presented.
Flow of a Valley Glacier with a Solid Friction Law
Authors: Reynaud L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFriction on the bed is assumed to obey Coulomb’s law of solid friction in the presence of interstitial pressure (Lliboutry, 1968). According to this, the friction is a maximum at certain places in the bottom of the valley. Assuming Glen’s non-linear creep law, the steady-state flow of ice along a regular cylindrical channel of parabolic section has been calculated. The results reproduce to high accuracy the distribution of velocity measured on the Athabasca Glacier (Raymond, 1971).
Snow-Fence Experiments in Alpine Areas
Authors: Martinelli M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSnow fences built up-wind of natural snowdrifts at four alpine sites in the Colorado Rocky Mountains changed snow accumulation appreciably. The 3 m tall fences increased the amount of snow at three sites but decreased it at the fourth. At two of the three sites where snow was increased, there was no change in melt rate, so the additional snow prolonged the melt period 1–3 weeks. Fences most successfully augmented natural snow accumulation at sites with level or gently sloping terrain down-wind from the accumulation site. Between 15 and 30 m of fence was needed to produce an extra 1000 m3 of water equivalent in the snowfields at the beginning of the melt season. Fences of the type described here, if properly located, are a means of increasing summer stream flow from alpine areas.
The Yield of Avalanche Snow at Rogers Pass, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Schaerer Peter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe annual mass of snow moved by avalanches was observed at 45 avalanche paths over a period of 19 years by measuring the volume and density of each individual avalanche. Several other methods to estimate the total annual avalanche mass were applied but they were found less efficient owing to inaccuracy and difficulties in timing.For the data set, the yield ratio, i.e. the percentage of snow removed annually by avalanches, had a mean value of 11.2% and a 30 year maximum of 30.9%. The yield ratio varied strongly among avalanche paths and yearly, and could not be explained satisfactorily. The exposure to wind, inclination of the avalanche track, control by artillery, and the winter weather can all have an influence on the value of the parameter.The temporal variability of avalanche yield is erratic but weather patterns frequently associated with high or low yield ratios could be identified. High values are usually associated with large avalanches triggered by major weather events in the late part of the winter.
A One-Dimensional Finite-Element Model for Two-Dimensional Glacier Flow
Authors: Stolle D. F. E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA description of the reduction of two-dimensional equilibrium equations to one-dimensional form via the Kantorovich method is given. An appropriate interpolation function is obtained by relating basal shear stress to sliding velocity and integrating the constitutive model through the depth of ice. An example is presented which demonstrates the ability of the numerical model to effect solutions which are in good agreement with those obtained via full two-dimensional finite-element models; however, at a small fraction of computational and data input efforts. The technique described for the reduction of the equilibrium equations can also be used to convert three-dimensional stress equilibrium to two-dimensional form.
A Comparison Between the Theoretical and the Measured Long Profile of the Unteraar Glacier
Authors: Nye J. F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe measurements by seismic sounding of the long profile of the Unteraar Glacier reported by Mercanton and Renaud are compared with theoretical calculations. By taking the valley to be a cylinder of parabolic cross-section a theoretical curve for the surface is deduced which depends on one unknown parameter only, the average shear stress on the bed. If this parameter is given the value 0.77 × 106 dynes/cm.2 the theoretical curve agrees well with the measurements.
Glacier Wasting and Retreat in the Southern ALPS of New Zealand
Authors: Harrington H. J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDown-wasting has affected southern glaciers in New Zealand later than northern glaciers under the influence of a southward rising snow line which is attributed to a southerly shift in prevailing wind belts. Evidence from the Hooker Glacier indicates that the present period of wasting is the fourth of a series which began about 200 years ago.As the firn line rises a glacier is planed in the ablation zone so that successive surfaces are parallel to the original surface, which shows that ablation is more active for a short distance below the fern line than near the terminal face. A period of accelerated terminal retreat can result from parallel down-wasting without a correlative acceleration in the rate of climatic change.
Kinematic analysis of isokinetic knee flexor and extensor tests
Authors: Alt Tobias , Severin Jannik , Nodler Yannick T. , Horn Dennis , El-Edrissi Omar , Knicker Axel J. , Strüder Heiko K. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: Isokinetic dynamometry is widely considered the gold standard in mechanical muscle performance testing. Invariably, the moment-position raw data obtained from the dynamometer is directly analysed although kinematic inaccuracies may inherently exist. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the differences between two processing methods of isokinetic raw data: one based on the device’s own software and one using a hybrid kinematic procedure. METHODS: Seventy-six healthy male participants performed unilateral concentric knee extensor (Qcon) (90[Formula: see text] ROM) and eccentric knee flexor (Hecc) tests (110[Formula: see text] ROM) at 150[Formula: see text]/s. The knee angles were recorded by two high-speed cameras per body side. RESULTS: Compared to isokinetic data, kinematic analysis revealed reduced knee ROM of 17[Formula: see text] for Qcon and of 21[Formula: see text] for Hecc. Thus, the mean ‘isokinetic’ angular velocity declined to 121 and 122[Formula: see text]/s, respectively. The angles of peak moment changed significantly ([Formula: see text]5[Formula: see text] for Qcon, [Formula: see text]20[Formula: see text] for Hecc). Contractional work decreased ([Formula: see text]20%) only for Qcon. The moments and angles derived from analysis of the DCR at the equilibrium point (DCRe) rose by 7% and 20% respectively when the isokinetic raw data were linked with kinematic data. The comparison of both processing methods revealed very high (R[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 91%) and high (R[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 69%) relationships for DCRe moments and angles. CONCLUSIONS: Isokinetic raw data comprise kinematic inaccuracies caused by axis misalignment, evasive movements and anatomical features. Although a hybrid kinematic procedure is more time-consuming, it may enable a more valid clinical interpretation of the test findings.
Exploring the importance of soft and hard skills as perceived by IT internship students and industry: A gap analysis
Authors: Patacsil Frederick , S. Tablatin Christine Lourrine 
Published: September 2017

The research paper proposes a skills gap methodology that utilized the respondent experiences in the internship program to measure the importance of the Information Technology (IT) skills gap as perceived by IT students and the industry. The questionnaires were formulated based on previous studies, however, was slightly modified, validated and pilot tested to fit into the needs of the research. Respondents of this study were IT students enrolled in internship while industry respondents were the supervisors of the IT students in their respective company. Internship IT students were selected since they have a strong background on the needs of the company based on their internship experience. The findings revealed that teamwork and communication skills are very important soft skills to be possessed by IT graduates as perceived by the respondents. Further, results reveal that there was no significant difference in the perception of the respondents in terms of the importance of soft skills. However, this finding contradicts the results in the case of hard skills were in there was a big range of disagreement on the importance of hard skills. IT students perceived that hard skills were very important while industry perceived hard skills were somewhat important. It is recognized that soft skills are very important communication tool for a customer oriented industry and that it is essential to enhance the communication skills of IT students for their future employment. The study suggests that the university should target improvements of soft skills and specific personality development component in the curriculum.
Le care éducatif : principe actif des choix professionnels et des pratiques de travail sexués
Authors: Devineau Sophie , Confais Aurélia 
Published: September 2017

Les métiers de CPE et d’enseignant en maternelle comptabilisent respectivement plus de 70 % et 90 % de femmes dans leurs effectifs globaux. Un défaut de parité que la sociologie du genre permet d’éclairer à travers les aspects du care de l’activité de travail prescrite. Parmi les différents constats produits par l’étude, il ressort un rapport sexué au travail engendré notamment par la socialisation différenciée entre les sexes.
Une forme de recherche collaborative impulsée par les praticiens : enjeux, démarche, déplacement(s) des acteurs
Authors: Perez-Roux Thérèse 
Published: September 2017

L’article présente une forme de recherche collaborative avec de nouveaux professionnels du monde scolaire : les enseignants référents pour l’adaptation scolaire et la scolarisation des élèves en situation de handicap (ASH). L’étude s’intéresse à la réflexivité, au développement professionnel et aux transactions identitaires de ces professionnels. Les enjeux de reconnaissance et leur lien avec les formes d’implication dans le travail collaboratif sont aussi abordés. La méthodologie, plurielle (focus groupe, séances d’analyse de pratiques, entretiens, questionnaire), s’inscrit dans la durée. Les résultats éclairent un ensemble de tensions repérées dans le cadre des collaborations chercheurs-praticiens. Ils mettent en avant une approche renouvelée de la complexité des acteurs, des systèmes et des contextes de travail. L’étude revient sur les conditions d’une telle collaboration, sur les postures des différents acteurs et sur les liens formation-recherche-formation qu’un tel processus permet de développer.
Présentation et tentative d’analyse de la phase initiale du processus de contractualisation d’une recherche-action de pédagogie
Authors: Robbes Bruno 
Published: September 2017

Le projet de recherche présenté dans cet article est né de la demande conjointe de l’équipe enseignante de l’école d’O. de travailler avec des chercheurs et de l’équipe de chercheurs d’étudier des écoles pratiquant des pédagogies actives. Après avoir exposé notre problématique et la méthodologie du projet (socio-clinique institutionnelle, recherche-action de pédagogie), l’auteur décrit trois moments-clés de la phase initiale du processus de contractualisation de la recherche, puis fait un retour sur ce processus. Il analyse le traitement de la commande et des demandes, les différents niveaux d’implication des sujets qui interrogent la fonction de la recherche et ses effets. Il met au jour l’analyseur « temps », les interférences institutionnelles avec l’inspecteur de l’Éducation nationale à propos de l’innovation et de l’évaluation, les effets de son positionnement vis-à-vis des chercheurs et sur le contenu du projet de recherche. Il repère quelques connaissances produites sur le processus de contractualisation d’une recherche action.
Pour une production de connaissances scientifiques mobilisables dans la pratique de terrain : quels types de dynamiques relationnelles entre chercheurs et praticiens ?
Authors: Turlais Amélie 
Published: September 2017

Le paradigme positiviste présente la distance du chercheur avec son objet de recherche comme un garant nécessaire à son objectivité, neutralité et autonomie pour produire des connaissances scientifiques. Cependant, depuis les années 1970, cette vision dualiste avec acteurs de terrain d’un côté et chercheurs de l’autre est contestée. Cet article vise à interroger la pertinence qu’il y aurait à considérer la neutralité axiologique comme une condition nécessaire à la scientificité des connaissances produites. Il sera montré que trois types de dynamiques relationnelles entre praticiens et chercheurs sont primordiaux pour produire des connaissances qui seront mobilisables par les acteurs de terrain : la négociation, la reconnaissance et la réflexivité.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Is a Determinant of CD4 T Cell–Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Communication through Membrane Conduits
Authors: Farahnak Soroor , McGovern Toby K. , Kim Rachael , O’Sullivan Michael , Chen Brian , Lee Minhyoung , Yoshie Haruka , Wang Anna , Jang Joyce , Al Heialy Saba , Lauzon Anne-Marie , Martin James G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Activated CD4 T cells connect to airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in vitro via lymphocyte-derived membrane conduits (LMCs) structurally similar to membrane nanotubes with unknown intercellular signals triggering their formation. We examined the structure and function of CD4 T cell–derived LMCs, and we established a role for ASMC-derived basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2b) and FGF receptor (FGFR)1 in LMC formation. Blocking FGF2b’s synthesis and FGFR1 function reduced LMC formation. Mitochondrial flux from ASMCs to T cells was partially FGF2b and FGFR1 dependent. LMC formation by CD4 T cells and mitochondrial transfer from ASMCs was increased in the presence of asthmatic ASMCs that expressed more mRNA for FGF2b compared with normal ASMCs. These observations identify ASMC-derived FGF2b as a factor needed for LMC formation by CD4 T cells, affecting intercellular communication.
Regional modeling of the Shirase drainage basin, East Antarctica: full Stokes vs. shallow ice dynamics
Authors: Seddik Hakime , Greve Ralf , Zwinger Thomas , Sugiyama Shin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. A hierarchy of approximations of the force balance for the flow of grounded ice exists, ranging from the most sophisticated full Stokes (FS) formulation to the most simplified shallow ice approximation (SIA). Both are implemented in the ice flow model Elmer/Ice, and we compare them by applying the model to the East Antarctic Shirase drainage basin. First, we apply the control inverse method to infer the distribution of basal friction with FS. We then compare FS and SIA by simulating the flow of the drainage basin under present-day conditions and for three scenarios 100 years into the future defined by the SeaRISE (Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution) project. FS reproduces the observed flow pattern of the drainage basin well, in particular the zone of fast flow near the grounding line, while SIA generally overpredicts the surface velocities. As for the transient scenarios, the ice volume change (relative to the constant-climate control run) of the surface climate experiment is nearly the same for FS and SIA, while for the basal sliding experiment (halved basal friction), the ice volume change is  ∼  30 % larger for SIA than for FS. This confirms findings of earlier studies that, in order to model ice sheet areas containing ice streams and outlet glaciers with high resolution and precision, careful consideration must be given to the choice of a suitable force balance.
Het vennootschappelijk belang: de beschermheer van het nationale belang?
Authors: Nijk R.M. 
Published: September 2017

Het vennootschappelijk belang: de beschermheer van het nationale belang?
In deze bijdrage onderzoekt de auteur in hoeverre een Nederlandse beursgenoteerde NV het nationale belang kan inroepen tegen een openbaar bod dat is gedaan door een buitenlandse entiteit. Hiertoe bekijkt hij in hoeverre het vennootschappelijk belang het nationale belang omvat.
Consortia Building: A Handshake and a Smile, Island Style
Authors: Cutright Patricia 
Published: September 2017

In the evaluation of consortia and what constitutes these entities the discussion runs the gamut. From small, loosely knit groups who are interested in cooperation for the sake of improving services to large membership driven organizations addressing multiple interests, all recognize the benefits of partnerships. The Federated States of Micronesia are located in the western Pacific Ocean and cover 3.2 million square miles. Throughout this scattering of small islands exists an enthusiastic library community of staff and users that have changed the outlook of libraries since 1991. Motivated by the collaboratvie ef orts of this group, a project has unfolded over the past year that will further enhance library services through staff training and education while utilizing innovative technology. In assessing the library needs of the region this group crafted the document "The Federated States of Micronesia Library Services Plan, 1999-2003," which coalesces the concepts, goals, and priorities put forward by a broad-based contingency of librarians. The compilation of the plan and its implementation demonstrate an understanding of the issues and exhibit the ingenuity, creativity, and willingness to solve problems on a grand scale addressing the needs of all libraries in this vast Pacific region.
Tinglysning. Who cares i Peter Adolphsens roman “Brummstein”?
Authors: Høgh Søren Langager 
Published: September 2017

Søren Langager Høgh: “Tinglysning* – Who Cares in Peter Adolphsen’s novel Brummstein (2003)?”Focusing on the concept of care (including matters-of-care, ethos of care, care giver/care taker, cute [kær], sorrow, diligence and the new term GeoWei) this paper argues that Peter Adolphsen’s novel Brummstein (2003) is a speculative accomplishment in the politics of causality. The main trajectory of the novel focuses on a stone that is given the necessary space to be included in the Social, which we in an uncaring world view tend to reserve for humans. Based on Maria Puig de Bellacasa’s reading of Bruno Latour’s notion of matters-of-concern, I propose to interpret the role text is given in the practice of caring for neglected things in Brummstein as a quality of literature.* “Tinglysning” is a old Danish word used in present language of property law, meaning both 1) land registration, 2) to shed light on the thing and 3) to shed light on a concern in a political gathering i.e. literally to make things public