bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redundant Color Coding on Airborne CRT Displays
Authors: Luder Catriona B. , Barber Paul J. 
Published: July 2017

An experiment is described that compares the use of redundant color coding for search and identification tasks under dual-task conditions; subjects made judgments about the state of components of a systems-management display while performing a compensatory tracking task. The availability of redundant color coding on the secondary task resulted in a global improvement in tracking performance (primary task) that applied at all times, even when subjects were not attending to the systems-managment display. With regard to the response-time data for the color-coded display, redundant color coding improved search performance, but there was no benefit for performance on the identification task. The implications of the results for hypotheses relating to the serial or parallel processing of shape and color, and for cockpit applications generally, are discussed.
Subjective Response Patterns Related to Low Frequency Noise
Authors: Tesara Maria , Kjeilberg Anders , Landström Ulf , Holmberg Kjell 
Published: July 2017

The relationship between low frequency noise exposure and subjective symptoms, such as fatigue, tension, irritability and annoyance reactions were studied in a group of 439 persons working in offices, laboratories and industries. Measurements were made of each person's exposure to noise and subjective responses were collected by means of a questionnaire. The dB(C) – dB(A) difference was used as an indicator of the low frequency character of the workplace noise. Indices of annoyance, distraction reactions and symptoms were used as dependent variables in hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Potential confounders were controlled for. Low frequency noise was strongly related to fatigue and tiredness after work, with an increase of these symptoms with increased low frequency dominance in the noise. Annoyance was strongly related to noise level and distraction reactions were neither related to noise level nor with the low frequency character of the noise. Specific response patterns due to low frequency noise are discussed.
The mental representation of the human gait in patients with severe knee osteoarthrosis: a clinical study to aid understanding of impairment and disability
Authors: Jacksteit Robert , Mau-Moeller Anett , Behrens Martin , Bader Rainer , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Skripitz Ralf , Stöckel Tino 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Objectives were (1) to explore differences in gait-specific long-term memory structures and gait performance between knee osteoarthrosis patients and healthy subjects and (2) to identify the extent to which the gait-specific mental representation is associated with gait performance. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: In total, 18 knee osteoarthrosis patients and 18 control subjects. Methods: Spatio-temporal (gait speed, step length) and temporophasic (stance time, swing time, single support time, total double support time) gait parameters and gait variability were measured with an electronic walkway (OptoGait). The mental representation was assessed using the structural dimensional analysis of mental representations (SDA-M). Results: (1) Patients showed significantly longer stance times ( P < 0.002) and total double support times, shorter swing times and single support times, a decreased gait speed ( P-values < 0.001) and structural differences in the gait-specific mental representation as compared with the healthy controls. (2) Correlation analyses revealed the mental representation of the human gait to be associated with actual gait performance in osteoarthrosis patients. Double support times were positively associated with the structural quality of the mental representation and step length variability was positively associated with the number of sequencing errors in the representation. Conclusion: The gait-specific mental representation and actual gait performance differ between patients with severe knee osteoarthrosis and healthy controls, and both are linked to one another. This finding suggests that musculoskeletal disorders can lead to changes in the mental representation of the gait, and as such the SDA-M could provide useful information to improve the rehabilitation following osteoarthrosis.
Surgical versus non-operative treatment for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Bing-Lin , Guo Jia-Bao , Zhang Hong-Wei , Zhang Ya-Jun , Zhu Yi , Zhang Juan , Hu Hao-Yu , Zheng Yi-Li , Wang Xue-Qiang 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To investigate the effects of surgical versus non-operative treatment on the physical function and safety of patients with lumbar disc herniation. Data sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched from initiation to 15 May 2017. Methods: Randomized controlled trials that evaluated surgical versus non-operative treatment for patients with lumbar disc herniation were selected. The primary outcomes were pain and side-effects. Secondary outcomes were function and health-related quality of life. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled mean difference with 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 19 articles that involved 2272 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared with non-operative treatment, surgical treatment was more effective in lowering pain (short term: mean difference = −0.94, 95% confidence interval = −1.87 to −0.00; midterm: mean difference = −1.59, 95% confidence interval = −2.24 to −9.94), improving function (midterm: mean difference = −7.84, 95% confidence interval = −14.00 to −1.68; long term: mean difference = −12.21, 95% confidence interval = −23.90 to −0.52) and quality of life. The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey for physical functions (short term: mean difference = 6.25, 95% confidence interval = 0.43 to 12.08) and bodily pain (short term: mean difference = 5.42, 95% confidence interval = 0.40 to 10.45) was also utilized. No significant difference was observed in adverse events (mean difference = 0.82, 95% confidence interval = 0.28 to 2.38). Conclusion: Low-quality evidence suggested that surgical treatment is more effective than non-operative treatment in improving physical functions; no significant difference was observed in adverse events. No firm recommendation can be made due to instability of the summarized data.
Effects of palonosetron and ondansetron on preventing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Liu Qili , Zhou Chengmao , Bao Zeqing , Zhu Yu 
Published: July 2017

Background This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of palonosetron and ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery with general anesthesia. Methods We searched for randomized controlled clinical trials in PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library. Results Nine studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis and showed no statistically significant difference between palonosetron and ondansetron in the prevention of PONV in the first 24 hours after surgery (relative risk [RR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35–1.10). Palonosetron more effectively prevented vomiting at various time intervals during the first 24 hours postoperatively than did ondansetron: 0–2 hours (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26–0.78), 2–6 hours (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.39–1.40), and 6–24 hours (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.55–2.64). No significant differences in side effects were found between palonosetron and ondansetron (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.40–1.14). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated that palonosetron is not more efficacious than ondansetron in the prevention of early PONV. However, palonosetron was more efficacious than ondansetron in the prevention of vomiting after laparoscopic surgery.
Long-term follow up of intractable chronic short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache disorders treated with occipital nerve stimulation
Authors: Miller Sarah , Watkins Laurence , Matharu Manjit 
Published: July 2017

Background Occipital nerve stimulation is a potential treatment option for medically intractable short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks. We present long-term outcomes in 31 patients with short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks treated with occipital nerve stimulation in an uncontrolled open-label prospective study. Methods Thirty-one patients with intractable short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks were treated with bilateral occipital nerve stimulation from 2007 to 2015. Data on attack characteristics, quality of life, disability and adverse events were collected. Primary endpoint was change in mean daily attack frequency at final follow-up. Results At a mean follow-up of 44.9 months (range 13–89) there was a 69% improvement in attack frequency with a response rate (defined as at least a 50% improvement in daily attack frequency) of 77%. Attack severity reduced by 4.7 points on the verbal rating scale and attack duration by a mean of 64%. Improvements were seen in headache-related disability and depression. Adverse event rates were favorable, with no electrode migration or erosion reported. Conclusion Occipital nerve stimulation appears to offer a safe and efficacious treatment for refractory short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with significant improvements sustained in the long term. The procedure has a low adverse event rate when conducted in highly specialised units.
Neuroimaging Studies of Antisocial Behaviour
Authors: Bassarath Lindley 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To review recent neuroimaging studies of antisocial behaviour, including criminality, psychopathy, sexual offending, aggression, and violence. Method: Using OVID software, Psycinfo and Medline were searched for studies undertaken in the last 15 years. A brief outline of each technology is followed by a survey of published reports from refereed journals. Where indicated, critical appraisal is offered. Results: Converging evidence from multiple studies of structure and function indicates that abnormal prefrontal (and probably subcortical) circuitry are very likely involved in antisocial behaviour. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of emerging findings from biological studies of antisociality. Future neuroimaging and other biologically based work, especially when combined with psychosocial initiatives, should yield fruit in attempts to better understand, treat, and prevent such socially devastating and destructive behaviour.
Frequency of Borderline Personality Disorder in a Sample of French High School Students
Authors: Chabrol Henri , Montovany Annie , Chouicha Karine , Callahan Stacey , Mullet Etienne 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To estimate the frequency of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in French high school students. Method: A random sample of high school students ( n = 1363) ranging in age from 13 to 20 years agreed to complete a questionnaire, the Screening Test for Comorbid Personality Disorders (STCPD); 107 of them volunteered to be interviewed. We assessed this group using the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB-R). We conducted a regression analysis to determine a cut-off for BPD diagnosis with the STCPD. Results: We estimated the overall frequency of BPD to be 10% for boys and 18% for girls. After a peak of frequency at age 14 years for both sexes, the frequency increased significantly again in late adolescence. Conclusion: This study found a high frequency of BPD in French adolescents, which adds to questions regarding the validity of diagnosing this disorder in adolescents.
Senior Residents in Psychiatry: Views on Training in Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Burge Philip , Ouellette-Kuntz Hélène , McCreary Bruce , Bradley Elspeth , Leichner Pierre 
Published: July 2017

Objectives: To determine the proportion of senior residents who believed their education in the field of developmental disabilities was adequate and to collect suggestions for improvements. Method: We distributed a self-administered questionnaire to senior residents prior to an annual voluntary preparatory exam. Their views on training in developmental disabilities and ideas about improving curricula were solicited in detail, and their feedback results were analyzed. Results: Of the 89 senior residents who attended the exam, 60 (67.4%) completed the survey. This represents 29% of the national complement. Most (85%) of the one-half who reported receiving undergraduate training in developmental disabilities felt the quantity was inadequate. Almost 90% of those who did not receive training felt they should have. Of respondents, 85% received residency training in dual diagnosis, but most (59%) felt more curriculum time was needed. Conclusions: Senior residents also desire curricular enhancements that experts in developmental disabilities have long recommended.
Réadaptation Psychiatrique en Milieu Francophone: Pratiques Actuelles, Défis Futurs
Authors: Tempier Raymond , Favrod Jérôme 
Published: July 2017

Cet essai vise à faire le point sur les pratiques actuelles de la réadaptation psychiatrique dans le monde francophone et à discuter des développements futurs. Il présente des exemples de politiques et de pratiques au Québec et en Europe francophone. Il discute du rôle et de l'implication des professionnels, notamment des psychiatres et des infirmiers. L'article présente ensuite différentes stratégies et techniques de réadaptation utilisées dans le monde francophone comme la gestion de cas, l'entraînement aux habiletés sociales, les thérapies cognitives des symptômes psychotiques, les interventions familiales et le retour au travail. En conclusion, les auteurs invitent les psychiatres à jouer un rôle plus actif dans la réadaptation. Ils recommandent la mise sur pied de petites unités spécialisées proches des besoins des clients, et proposent d'intégrer les interventions sociales et médicales plutôt que de les opposer.
Strategies of Collaboration between General Practitioners and Psychiatrists: A Survey of Practitioners' Opinions and Characteristics
Authors: Lucena Ricardo J M , Lesage Alain , Élie Robert , Lamontagne Yves , Corbière Marc 
Published: July 2017

Background: The description of collaboration models and the key underlying principles provide important information for designing services. However, to apply this broad corpus of information to clinical services and policymaking, we need to know which key principles (or strategies) of collaboration are the most accepted by local physicians. Method: In this context, we designed a survey that included 2 objectives: 1) to collect the opinions of practising general practitioners (GPs) and psychiatrists in Montreal with respect to strategies for improving collaboration between these 2 groups and 2) to identify demographic and practice characteristics of those physicians associated with the acceptance of such strategies. We designed a questionnaire to specifically elicit physicians' opinions about strategies involving communication, continuing medical education (CME) for GPs in psychiatry, and access to consulting psychiatrists, as well as to identify the profiles of the respondent physicians. We mailed the questionnaire to 203 GPs and 203 psychiatrists who were randomly selected. Results: The response rate was 86% for GPs and 87% for psychiatrists. Physicians expressed favourable opinions about most strategies involving 1) the improvement of communication and 2) the organization of CME activities concerning GP practices in the field of psychiatry. On the other hand, they did not indicate acceptance of the strategies involving on-site collaboration between GPs and psychiatrists. Physician age, sex, place of practice, type of practice (such as seeing patients with or without appointments), and responsibility for administrative duties associated significantly with the degree of acceptance of the proposed strategies Conclusion: Communication and CME strategies for GPs in psychiatry can be an option to improve collaboration between GPs and psychiatrists. However, strategies of access to consulting psychiatrists require significant alterations to established clinical routines and professional roles.
Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Schizophrenic Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Goldner Elliot M , Hsu Lorena , Waraich Paul , Somers Julian M 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To present the results of a systematic review of the literature published between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2000, that reports findings on the prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia and related disorders. Method: We conducted a literature search of schizophrenia-related epidemiological studies, using Medline and HealthSTAR databases and canvassing English-language publications. We used a set of predetermined inclusion-exclusion criteria to identify relevant studies. Eligible publications were restricted to age ranges of 18 years and over for prevalence studies and 15 years and over for incidence studies. Prevalence and incidence data were extracted and analyzed for heterogeneity. Results: A total of 18 prevalence and 8 incidence studies met eligibility criteria for the review. Heterogeneity analysis revealed significant differences across 1-year and lifetime prevalence and 1-year incidence of schizophrenia. The corresponding pooled rates were: 0.34 per 100, 0.55 per 100, and 11.1 per 100 000, respectively; the variation in rates between studies was generally between 2- and 5-fold. Conclusions: Although we restricted this review to studies using rigorous and relatively homogeneous methods, there remains significant heterogeneity of prevalence and incidence rates. This strengthens support for the hypothesis that there is real variation in the distribution of schizophrenia around the world. Health planners need to have local data on schizophrenia rates to improve the accuracy of their interventions, while clinicians and researchers need to continue to investigate the etiology of this variation.
Interrater Reliability of the Fitness Interview Test across 4 Professional Groups
Authors: Viljoen Jodi L , Roesch Ronald , Zapf Patricia A 
Published: July 2017

Objective: This study investigated the interrater reliability of the Fitness Interview Test (FIT), revised edition, a semistructured interview that assesses fitness to stand trial. Method: Physicians, forensic psychologists, nurses, and graduate students in psychology were trained in the FIT, and they subsequently viewed 2 videotaped interviews of actual fitness assessments. Using the FIT, they rated the fitness of each defendant portrayed in the videotapes. Results: For overall judgment of fitness, the average intraclass correlation based on the full samples of raters was found to be 0.98, and for most items on the FIT, intraclass correlations fell within the 0.80s and 0.90s. Reliability estimates were high across professional groups. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides further support for the psychometric properties of the FIT, as well as for the ability of various professionals to conduct reliable fitness assessments using the FIT.
Quality of Life in OCD: Differential Impact of Obsessions, Compulsions, and Depression Comorbidity
Authors: Masellis Mario , Rector Neil A , Richter Margaret A 
Published: July 2017

Objective: An anxiety disorder severely affects the sufferer's quality of life (QOL), and this may be particularly true of those with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). This study examines the differential impact of obsessions, compulsions, and depression comorbidity on the QOL of individuals with OCD. Method: Forty-three individuals diagnosed with OCD according to DSM-IV criteria and experiencing clinically significant obsessions and compulsions completed measures of QOL, obsessive–compulsive symptom severity, and depression severity. Results: Obsession severity was found to significantly predict patient QOL, whereas the severity of compulsive rituals did not impact on QOL ratings. Comorbid depression severity was the single greatest predictor of poor QOL, accounting for 54% of the variance. Conclusions: Given the importance of these symptoms, treatments that directly target obsessions and secondary depression symptoms in OCD are warranted. However, replication of these findings in a prospective cohort study is required, because although the the current study's cross-sectional design allows for the examination of the associations among obsessions, depression, and QOL, it cannot establish their temporal framework (that is, causal relations).
Weight Gain in First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Addington Jean , Mansley Chrystal , Addington Donald 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To examine the extent of weight gain in the first year of treatment in an early psychosis program. Method: Subjects were 114 individuals who had experienced a first episode of psychosis and had completed 1 year in a comprehensive first-episode program. Weight and body mass index were calculated on entry to the program and at 6 and 12 months. Most of the subjects were all being prescribed second-generation antipsychotics. Results: Significant increases in mean weight were observed in these young individuals over the course of the first year of treatment. Conclusions: If we are to work toward optimum treatment for first-episode subjects then potential weight gain needs to be addressed at the beginning of treatment and monitored during treatment.
Time of Day Influences Nonattendance at Urgent Short-Term Mental Health Unit in Victoria, British Columbia
Authors: Weinerman Rivian , Glossop VI , Wong Randy , Robinson Lara , White Karen , Kamil Rif 
Published: July 2017

Objectives: To identify the patient profile of first-time no-shows (FTNS) and to examine which process variables predict FTNS. Method: We developed a questionnaire exploring variables that might impact attendance. Of 779 referrals over 9 months, all FTNS ( n = 60) and a sample of randomly selected control subjects ( n = 60) completed the questionnaire. Results: The FTNS rate was 7.7%. A set of 10 variables predicted FTNS at 80% accuracy. Most significant was our finding that “time of day of first appointment” showed a novel and practical difference between FTNS and control subjects. Patients were 3.6 times more likely to show for first appointments scheduled in the afternoon. Conclusions: Simply making first appointments in the afternoon could significantly decrease FTNS incidence.