bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a dietary screener: the Mediterranean Eating Pattern for Americans tool
Authors: Cerwinske L. A. , Rasmussen H. E. , Lipson S. , Volgman A. S. , Tangney C. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundEvidence exists for an association between accordance with a Mediterranean diet pattern and slower rates of cognitive decline. However, an ‘Americanised’ version of the Mediterranean diet screener is needed to assess accordance in the USA. Thus, the Mediterranean Eating Pattern for Americans (MEPA) tool was developed to assess accordance with a Mediterranean‐like food pattern when time is limited. The present study aimed to determine whether the MEPA screener captured the key elements of the Mediterranean diet compared to the more comprehensive food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).MethodsThe study comprised a cross‐sectional study in which 70 women completed both the VioScreen™ FFQ (Viocare, Princeton, NJ, USA) electronically and the 16‐item MEPA screener, either electronically or by telephone, aiming to evaluate the inter‐method reliability of the proposed screener. The convenience sample included patients (n = 49) and healthcare providers (n = 21) recruited from a tertiary care medical centre.ResultsThe overall score from the MEPA screener correlated with corresponding overall MEPA FFQ score (ρ = 0.365, P = 0.002). Agreement between screener items and FFQ items was moderate‐to‐good for berries (κ = 0.47, P < 0.001), nuts (κ = 0.42, P < 0.001), fish (κ = 0.62, P < 0.001) and alcohol (κ = 0.64, P < 0.001), whereas those for olive oil (κ = 0.33, P = 0.001) and green leafy vegetables (κ = 0.36, P = 0.0021) were fair. Usual intakes of potassium, magnesium, vitamin C, saturated fat, selected carotenoids, folate and fibre derived from the FFQ varied with MEPA screener scores in the anticipated directions.ConclusionsThe MEPA screener captures several components of the Mediterranean style pattern, although further testing of the MEPA screener is indicated.
Subregional brain distribution of simple and complex glycosphingolipids in the mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Hurler syndrome) mouse: impact of diet
Authors: Saville Jennifer T. , Thai Hong Ngoc , Lehmann Rebecca J. , Derrick‐Roberts Ainslie L. K. , Fuller Maria 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGangliosides are the most complex oligosaccharide‐containing glycosphingolipids defined by the presence of sialic acid and although present in all tissues, predominate in the brain. Considering their importance in neural development, it is unsurprising that ganglioside metabolism is altered in neurodegenerative diseases. The severe form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I, Hurler syndrome (HS), is characterised by progressive loss of neuronal function through largely undefined mechanisms. Here, we sought to interrogate brain gangliosides in a murine model of HS and further, assessed whether dietary modulation of lipid metabolism effected correction of the metabolic abnormalities. The simple gangliosides, GM2, GM3, GD2 and GD3 were elevated in the five subregions examined – brain stem, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, subcortex – in HS mice as early as 2 months of age compared with their wild type counterparts. Their elevation persisted at 6 months of age, imparting protracted neurological development as these simple gangliosides have usually subsided by this stage of brain development. Their immediate synthetic precursor, lactosylceramide, was also elevated, suggesting that their increase arises at this metabolic intermediary, as dihydroceramide, ceramide and monohexosylceramide were unaffected. Dietary linoleic acid supplementation significantly reduced GM2 and GM3, and furthermore, improved exploratory behaviour as assessed by the open field test, highlighting the possibility of further exploring dietary intervention as a therapeutic consideration.
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Cesarean section scar diverticulum evaluation by saline contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: The relationship between variable parameters and longer menstrual bleeding
Authors: Yao Min , Wang Wenjing , Zhou Jieru , Sun Minghua , Zhu Jialiang , Chen Pin , Wang Xipeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to determine a more accurate imaging method for the diagnosis of cesarean scar diverticulum (CSD) and to identify the parameters of CSD strongly associated with prolonged menstrual bleeding.MethodsWe enrolled 282 women with a history of cesarean section (CS) who presented with prolonged menstrual bleeding between January 2012 and May 2015. Transvaginal ultrasound, general magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast‐enhanced MRI were used to diagnose CSD. Five parameters were compared among the imaging modalities: length, width, depth and thickness of the remaining muscular layer (TRM) of CSD and the depth/TRM ratio. Correlation between the five parameters and days of menstrual bleeding was performed. Finally, multivariate analysis was used to determine the parameters associated with menstrual bleeding longer than 14 days.ResultsContrast‐enhanced MRI yielded greater length or width or thinner TRM of CSD compared with MRI and transvaginal ultrasound. CSD size did not significantly differ between women who had undergone one and two CSs. Correlation analysis revealed that CSD (P = 0.038) and TRM (P = 0.003) lengths were significantly associated with days of menstrual bleeding. Longer than 14 days of bleeding was defined by cut‐off values of 2.15 mm for TRM and 13.85 mm for length. TRM and number of CSs were strongly associated with menstrual bleeding longer than 14 days.ConclusionsCE‐MRI is a relatively accurate and efficient imaging method for the diagnosis of CSD. A cut‐off value of TRM of 2.15 mm is the most important parameter associated with menstrual bleeding longer than 14 days.
Vulnerable Narcissism Is (Mostly) a Disorder of Neuroticism
Authors: Miller Joshua D. , Lynam Donald R. , Vize Colin , Crowe Michael , Sleep Chelsea , Maples‐Keller Jessica L. , Few Lauren R. , Campbell W. Keith 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing attention has been paid to the distinction between the dimensions of narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability. We examine the degree to which basic traits underlie vulnerable narcissism, with a particular emphasis on the importance of Neuroticism and Agreeableness.MethodAcross four samples (undergraduate, online community, clinical‐community), we conduct dominance analyses to partition the variance predicted in vulnerable narcissism by the Five‐Factor Model personality domains, as well as compare the empirical profiles generated by vulnerable narcissism and Neuroticism.ResultsThese analyses demonstrate that the lion's share of variance is explained by Neuroticism (65%) and Agreeableness (19%). Similarity analyses were also conducted in which the extent to which vulnerable narcissism and Neuroticism share similar empirical networks was tested using an array of criteria, including self‐, informant, and thin slice ratings of personality; interview‐based ratings of personality disorder and pathological traits; and self‐ratings of adverse events and functional outcomes. The empirical correlates of vulnerable narcissism and Neuroticism were nearly identical (MrICC = .94). Partial analyses demonstrated that the variance in vulnerable narcissism not shared with Neuroticism is largely specific to disagreeableness‐related traits such as distrustfulness and grandiosity.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the parsimony of using basic personality to study personality pathology and have implications for how vulnerable narcissism might be approached clinically.
The accuracy of self‐reported pregnancy‐related weight: a systematic review
Authors: Headen I. , Cohen A.K. , Mujahid M. , Abrams B. 
Published: February 2017

SummarySelf‐reported maternal weight is error‐prone, and the context of pregnancy may impact error distributions. This systematic review summarizes error in self‐reported weight across pregnancy and assesses implications for bias in associations between pregnancy‐related weight and birth outcomes. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar through November 2015 for peer‐reviewed articles reporting accuracy of self‐reported, pregnancy‐related weight at four time points: prepregnancy, delivery, over gestation and postpartum. Included studies compared maternal self‐report to anthropometric measurement or medical report of weights. Sixty‐two studies met inclusion criteria. We extracted data on magnitude of error and misclassification. We assessed impact of reporting error on bias in associations between pregnancy‐related weight and birth outcomes. Women underreported prepregnancy (PPW: −2.94 to −0.29 kg) and delivery weight (DW: −1.28 to 0.07 kg), and over‐reported gestational weight gain (GWG: 0.33 to 3 kg). Magnitude of error was small, ranged widely, and varied by prepregnancy weight class and race/ethnicity. Misclassification was moderate (PPW: 0–48.3%; DW: 39.0–49.0%; GWG: 16.7–59.1%), and overestimated some estimates of population prevalence. However, reporting error did not largely bias associations between pregnancy‐related weight and birth outcomes. Although measured weight is preferable, self‐report is a cost‐effective and practical measurement approach. Future researchers should develop bias correction techniques for self‐reported pregnancy‐related weight.
Some kids are left behind: The failure of a perspective, using critical race theory to expand the coverage in the sociology of youth sports
Authors: Brooks Scott N. , Knudtson Matt , Smith Isais 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSports are no longer simply extracurricular activities. For many children, sports are curricular, central to their identity, development, and peer and familial relationships. However, sport scholars and sociologists spend little time trying to learn and understand the huge growth in youth sports participation and even less attention to the role of race in youth sports. Sociology could offer much more, but suffers from what James McKee calls () “the failure of a perspective” with regard to studying and understanding race, racism, and race relations. Critical Race Theory can help to extend the coverage of youth sports to include more input from Youth and of Scholars of Color. In this article, we review a current debate in the sociology of youth sports, which illustrates the gap in understanding the experiences of youth of color and Black athletes in particular. And, we provide solutions and ideas for future research.
Phosphatidic acid binding inhibits RGS1 activity to affect specific signaling pathways in Arabidopsis
Authors: Roy Choudhury Swarup , Pandey Sona 
Published: February 2017

SummaryModulation of the active versus inactive forms of the Gα protein is critical for the signaling processes mediated by the heterotrimeric G‐protein complex. We have recently established that in Arabidopsis, the regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS1) protein and a lipid‐hydrolyzing enzyme, phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1), both act as GTPase‐activity accelerating proteins (GAPs) for the Gα protein to attenuate its activity. RGS1 and PLDα1 interact with each other, and RGS1 inhibits the activity of PLDα1 during regulation of a subset of responses. In this study, we present evidence that this regulation is bidirectional. Phosphatidic acid (PA), a second messenger typically derived from the lipid‐hydrolyzing activity of PLDα1, is a molecular target of RGS1. PA binds and inhibits the GAP activity of RGS1. A conserved lysine residue in RGS1 (Lys259) is directly involved in RGS1–PA binding. Introduction of this RGS1 protein variant in the rgs1 mutant background makes plants hypersensitive to a subset of abscisic acid‐mediated responses. Our data point to the existence of negative feedback loops between these two regulatory proteins that precisely modulate the level of active Gα, consequently generating a highly controlled signal–response output.
SHOOT MERISTEMLESS trafficking controls axillary meristem formation, meristem size and organ boundaries in Arabidopsis
Authors: Balkunde Rachappa , Kitagawa Munenori , Xu Xianfeng Morgan , Wang Jing , Jackson David 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe shoot stem cell niche, contained within the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is maintained in Arabidopsis by the homeodomain protein SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM). STM is a mobile protein that traffics cell‐to‐cell, presumably through plasmodesmata. In maize, the STM homolog KNOTTED1 shows clear differences between mRNA and protein localization domains in the SAM. However, the STM mRNA and protein localization domains are not obviously different in Arabidopsis, and the functional relevance of STM mobility is unknown. Using a non‐mobile version of STM (2xNLS‐YFP‐STM), we show that STM mobility is required to suppress axillary meristem formation during embryogenesis, to maintain meristem size, and to precisely specify organ boundaries throughout development. STM and organ boundary genes CUP SHAPED COTYLEDON1 (CUC1), CUC2 and CUC3 regulate each other during embryogenesis to establish the embryonic SAM and to specify cotyledon boundaries, and STM controls CUC expression post‐embryonically at organ boundary domains. We show that organ boundary specification by correct spatial expression of CUC genes requires STM mobility in the meristem. Our data suggest that STM mobility is critical for its normal function in shoot stem cell control.
Pharmacokinetics of Benznidazole in Healthy Volunteers and Implications in Future Clinical Trials
Authors: Molina I. , Salvador F. , Sánchez-Montalvá A. , Artaza M. A. , Moreno R. , Perin L. , Esquisabel A. , Pinto L. , Pedraz J. L. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Despite its toxicity and low efficacy in the chronic phase, benznidazole is the drug of choice in Chagas disease. Scarce information about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of benznidazole has been published. We performed a phase I, open-label, nonrandomized pharmacokinetic study of benznidazole (Abarax) conducted with 8 healthy adult volunteers at the Infectious Diseases Department of the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona, Spain). The separation and detection of benznidazole were performed on a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography system (UPLC) coupled with a Waters Xevo TQ MS triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on a noncompartmental body model using Phoenix WinNonlin version 6.3 software. Furthermore, computational simulations were calculated for the multiple-dose administration at two dose regimens: 100 mg of benznidazole administered every 8 h and 150 mg of benznidazole administered every 12 h. After benznidazole administration, the median area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time
t
(AUC

0–
t

) and extrapolated to infinity (AUC
0–∞
) were about 46.4 μg · h/ml and 48.4 μg · h/ml, respectively. Plasma benznidazole concentrations peaked at 3.5 h, with maximal concentrations of 2.2 μg/ml, and benznidazole exhibited a terminal half-life of 12.1 h. The median maximum concentration (
C
max
) of benznidazole was lower in men than in women (1.6 versus 2.9 μg/ml), and median volume of distribution (
V
) as a function of bioavailability (
F
) was higher in men than in women (125.9 versus 88.6 liters). In conclusion, dose regimens (150 mg/12 h or 100 mg/8 h) reached a steady-state range concentration above of the minimum experimental therapeutic dose. Sex differences in the benznidazole pharmacokinetics were observed; mainly, men had lower
C
max
and higher
V
/
F
than women.
Standardisation of delivery and assessment of research training for specialty trainees based on curriculum requirements: recommendations based on a scoping review
Authors: Rangan Amar , Pitchford James , Williams Penny , Wood Brian , Robson Stephen 
Published: February 2017

Objectives(1) To conduct a scoping review of postgraduate specialty training (ST) curricula for doctors within Health Education England in order to identify common themes and variations in requirements for training and assessment of research competencies. (2) To make recommendations on standardisation of training for clinical research across ST programmes.SettingHealth Education England North East and National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network (CRN)—North East and North Cumbria.MethodsAnnual Review of Competence Progression (ARCP); Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT) checklists and curricula for ST were obtained from Health Education England North East and reviewed between June and September 2015. Research competence requirements based on knowledge, skills or behaviour-based domains were identified and entered onto a spreadsheet for analysis. Common themes with levels of competence required were identified. This information was used to construct and propose a model for delivery of training in clinical research across ST programmes.ResultsSixty-two ST curricula were reviewed and seven common themes for research training were found in up to 97% of the curricula. Requirement for good clinical practice (GCP) in research training was included in 15% of curricula. One of the common themes involved knowledge-based competency, and three each of the remaining seven involved skills or behaviour-based competencies. There was less clarity and larger variation between specialties in how research competencies were assessed; and what evidence was required for ARCP and CCT to assure competence. 63% (19/30) of curricula from medical specialties had no mention of research requirements within their ARCP guidelines.ConclusionsGiven that the majority of specialty curricula contain consistent themes around core research knowledge, consideration should be given to standardising the delivery and assessment of generic research competencies within ST. Our recommendations from this review could form the basis for developing structured research training for specialty trainees involving: (1) a taught course for knowledge-based competencies; (2) clinical placements with CRN teams for practical workplace-based experience and (3) developing research tutors to help support placements and assessment of these competencies.
Key issues affecting quality of life and patient-reported outcomes in prostate cancer: an analysis conducted in 2128 patients with initial psychometric assessment of the prostate cancer symptom scale (PCSS)
Authors: Msaouel Pavlos , Gralla Richard J , Jones Randy A , Hollen Patricia J 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveEvidence-based quality of life (QL) questionnaires require the identification of issues of importance to patients. The primary aim of this study was to inform providers on patient-expressed issues while enhancing the content validity of instruments assessing QL and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in prostate cancer. The study provided additional psychometric properties for the new PRO and QL instrument, the Prostate Cancer Symptom Scale (PCSS).MethodsAn anonymous web-based survey of 2128 patients with prostate cancer was conducted with patients rating 18 QL items on a five-point scale.ResultsMost respondents (74%) were aged 55–74 years, had early stage disease at diagnosis (81%) and were diagnosed within 2 years of the survey (81%). The top five-rated issues were: overall QL, ability to perform normal activities, maintaining independence, ability to sleep and not being a burden. These items were ranked as either ‘very important’ or ‘important’ by at least 88% of patients. None of the most highly ranked issues were symptoms. Instead, the highest ranked items were global issues reflecting the impact of symptoms on patients. In addition to the enhanced content validity findings, good reliability results and initial support for construct validity are reported for the PCSS.ConclusionsThis is the largest survey providing patient-expressed background for content validity for QL and PRO measures. The findings of this study should aid development of newer practical questionnaires, such as the PCSS, which can be adapted to electronic platforms enhancing rapid and accurate PRO and QL evaluation.
A Musical Journey towards Permanent High-Density Loudspeaker Arrays
Authors: Barrett Natasha 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Historically, most acousmatic works were composed in stereo and performed, or “diffused”, over loudspeaker orchestras. These systems furnished performers and composers with a wealth of opportunities to enhance the spatial contrast, motion, and musical articulations latent in the music. Although loudspeaker orchestras, stereo diffusion, and—more recently—hybrid performance techniques remain alive, especially in Europe, there is a trend towards fixed installation, high-density loudspeaker arrays (HDLAs), which I will call permanent HDLAs to differentiate them from loudspeaker-orchestra HDLAs. Permanent HDLAs (P-HDLAs) stimulate alternative approaches to musical space and pose challenges in both spatial composition and performance, encompassing both technology and aesthetics. This article consolidates many of the technical and aesthetic approaches that I have found specific to P-HDLAs with an emphasis on the application of higher-order Ambisonics (HOA) at fourth-order 3-D and above—what I will call V-HOA (“very high-order” Ambisonics) as distinguished from lower orders, or L-HOA (lower than fourth-order HOA). These approaches are guided by spatial-audio research, and then developed in a musical context. The study is divided into three sections: a description of musical and technical approaches that I have found to function over different P-HDLA installations; reflections on the compromises of lower-order monitoring during the compositional process; and presentation of the “Virtualmonium”: an instrument for the performance of stereo works that benefits from the growing popularity of P-HDLA installations.
Glacial Inception on Baffin Island: The Role of Insolation, Meteorology, and Topography
Authors: Birch Leah , Cronin Timothy , Tziperman Eli 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Geologic evidence suggests that the last glacial inception (115 kya) occurred within the mountains of Baffin Island. Global climate models (GCMs) have difficulty simulating this climate transition, likely because of their coarse horizontal resolution that smooths topography and necessitates the use of cumulus parameterizations. A regional configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is used to simulate the small-scale topographic and cloud processes neglected by GCMs, and the sensitivity of the region to Milankovitch forcing, topography, and meteorology is tested. It is found that ice growth is possible with 115-kya insolation, realistic topography, and slightly colder-than-average meteorology, represented by specific years within the past three decades. The simulation with low GCM-like topography shows a negative surface mass balance, even with the relevant orbital parameter configuration, demonstrating the criticality of realistic topography. The downslope growth of the ice sheets is studied by looking at the sensitivity of the mass balance to initial snow cover prescribed beyond that of the present day. It is found that the snow-albedo feedback, via its effects on the mass balance, allows such larger snow cover to persist. Implications for GCM studies of glacial inception are discussed.