bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical‐scavenging activity of penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin, and dicloxacillin
Authors: Berczyński Paweł , Kładna Aleksandra , Kruk Irena , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the antioxidant activity of penicillin G (PG), ampicillin (AMP), oxacillin (OX) and dicloxacillin (DOX) through their reactivity towards reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion radical,
; hydroxyl radical, HO•; peroxyl radical, ROO•; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2; DPPH•) using various in vitro antioxidant assays with chemiluminescence (CL) and spectrophotometry as measurement techniques. In hydroxyl radical assays , PG, OX and AMP were found to inhibit the CL signal arising from the Fenton‐like reaction in a dose‐dependent manner with IC50 = 0.480 ± 0.020 mM, IC50 = 0.569 ± 0.021 mM, and IC50 = 0.630 ± 0.019 mM, respectively. The highest reactivity of PG among the tested penicillins towards the HO radical was confirmed in the deoxyribose degradation assay. In the ABAP‐derived ROO radical assay, the radical‐scavenging ability of the test penicillins was in the following order: AMP > PG > DOX > OX. The number of reduced DPPH radicals by the drugs tested was <1 being the biggest for PG. The weak antioxidant capacity of the test penicillins was confirmed in the trolox antioxidant capacity assay (0.075 ± 0.004; 0.093 ± 0.006; 0.123 ± 0.005; 0.126 ± 0.004) for OX, AMP, DOX, PG, respectively. Use of luminol as a CL probe for estimation of penicillin reactivity towards H2O2 showed that only AMP was able to quench light emission; the remaining antibiotics demonstrated a strong enhancing effect. All the examined compounds showed a weak antioxidant potential when estimated using the ferric‐ferrozine assay. This study is the first to report the evaluation of test penicillins as antioxidants under the same reaction conditions.
Supplementation with linoleic acid‐rich soybean oil stimulates macrophage foam cell formation via increased oxidative stress and diacylglycerol acyltransferase1‐mediated triglyceride biosynthesis
Authors: Rom Oren , Jeries Helana , Hayek Tony , Aviram Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDuring the last decades there has been a staggering rise in human consumption of soybean oil (SO) and its major polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid (LA). The role of SO or LA in cardiovascular diseases is highly controversial, and their impact on macrophage foam cell formation, the hallmark of early atherogenesis, is unclear. To investigate the effects of high SO or LA intake on macrophage lipid metabolism and the related mechanisms of action, C57BL/6 mice were orally supplemented with increasing levels of SO‐based emulsion or equivalent levels of purified LA for 1 month, followed by analyses of lipid accumulation and peroxidation in aortas, serum and in peritoneal macrophages (MPM) of the mice. Lipid peroxidation and triglyceride mass in aortas from SO or LA supplemented mice were dose‐dependently and significantly increased. In MPM from SO or LA supplemented mice, lipid peroxides were significantly increased and a marked accumulation of cellular triglycerides was found in accordance with enhanced triglyceride biosynthesis rate and overexpression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1), the key enzyme in triglyceride biosynthesis. In cultured J774A.1 macrophages treated with SO or LA, triglyceride accumulated via increased oxidative stress and a p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)‐mediated overexpression of DGAT1. Accordingly, anti‐oxidants (pomegranate polyphenols), inhibition of p38 MAPK (by SB202190) or DGAT1 (by oleanolic acid), all significantly attenuated SO or LA‐induced macrophage triglyceride accumulation. These findings reveal novel mechanisms by which supplementation with SO or LA stimulate macrophage foam cell formation, suggesting a pro‐atherogenic role for overconsumption of SO or LA. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):100–116, 2017
Systematic review of the methodological and reporting quality of case series in surgery
Authors: Agha R A , Fowler A J , Lee S-Y , Gundogan B , Whitehurst K , Sagoo H K , Jeong K J L , Altman D G , Orgill D P 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Case series are an important and common study type. No guideline exists for reporting case series and there is evidence of key data being missed from such reports. The first step in the process of developing a methodologically sound reporting guideline is a systematic review of literature relevant to the reporting deficiencies of case series.

Methods
A systematic review of methodological and reporting quality in surgical case series was performed. The electronic search strategy was developed by an information specialist and included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Methods Register, Science Citation Index and Conference Proceedings Citation index, from the start of indexing to 5 November 2014. Independent screening, eligibility assessments and data extraction were performed. Included articles were then analysed for five areas of deficiency: failure to use standardized definitions, missing or selective data (including the omission of whole cases or important variables), transparency or incomplete reporting, whether alternative study designs were considered, and other issues.

Results
Database searching identified 2205 records. Through the process of screening and eligibility assessments, 92 articles met inclusion criteria. Frequencies of methodological and reporting issues identified were: failure to use standardized definitions (57 per cent), missing or selective data (66 per cent), transparency or incomplete reporting (70 per cent), whether alternative study designs were considered (11 per cent) and other issues (52 per cent).

Conclusion
The methodological and reporting quality of surgical case series needs improvement. The data indicate that evidence-based guidelines for the conduct and reporting of case series may be useful.
Genetic and environmental components of female depression as a function of the severity of the disorder
Authors: Rusby James S. M. , Tasker Fiona , Cherkas Lynn 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundBoth clinical care and genome‐wide studies need to account for levels of severity in the etiology of depression. The purpose of the study is to estimate the genetic and environmental components of female depression as a function of the severity of the disorder.MethodsA genetic and environmental model analysis of depression incidence was made using the IOP Depression Severity Measure (IDSM). Details of lifetime depression incidence were obtained by questionnaire from twins on the DTR registry. Data from 1449 matched female twin pairs in the age range 19–85 years in four ordinal categories of increasing severity were employed in the analysis.ResultsEstimates of additive and dominance genetic components of 27% and 25% were found when all three levels of depression were included, and near zero and 33% when the recurrent/severe level was excluded. Shared environmental effects were not significant in either case, but the estimate for random environmental effects was greater when the severe level was excluded.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the incidence of severe depression is associated with homozygotic alleles and the less severe with heterozygotic alleles. This is in accord with the finding that the hereditary component of severe depression is relatively high and that milder forms are more dependent on life‐time environmental factors. Such conclusions have clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder by practicing psychiatrists. They also lead to the importance of focusing future genome‐wide and linkage studies on those females with severe levels of depression if progress in identifying genetic risk loci is to be made.
Long‐term prognostic value of risk scores after drug‐eluting stent implantation for unprotected left main coronary artery: A pooled analysis of the ISAR‐LEFT‐MAIN and ISAR‐LEFT‐MAIN 2 randomized clinical trials
Authors: Xhepa Erion , Tada Tomohisa , Kufner Sebastian , Ndrepepa Gjin , Byrne Robert A. , Kreutzer Johanna , Ibrahim Tareq , Tiroch Klaus , Valgimigli Marco , Tölg Ralf , Cassese Salvatore , Fusaro Massimiliano , Schunkert Heribert , Laugwitz Karl L. , Mehilli Julinda , Kastrati Adnan 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the long‐term prognostic value of risk scores in the setting of drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation for uLMCA.BackgroundData on the prognostic value of novel risk scores developed to select the most appropriate revascularization strategy in patients undergoing DES implantation for uLMCA disease are relatively limited.MethodsThe study represents a patient‐level pooled analysis of the ISAR‐LEFT‐MAIN (607 patients randomized to paclitaxel‐eluting or sirolimus‐eluting stents) and the ISAR‐LEFT‐MAIN‐2 (650 patients randomized to everolimus‐eluting or zotarolimus‐eluting stents) randomized trials. The Syntax Score (SxScore) as well the Syntax Score II (SS‐II), the EuroSCORE and the Global Risk Classification (GRC) were calculated. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality.ResultsAt a mean follow‐up of 3 years there were 160 deaths (12.7%). The death‐incidence was significantly higher in the upper tertiles than in the intermediate or lower ones for all risk scores (log‐rank test P < 0.01 for all comparisons). The discriminatory power of a multivariable model for prediction of 3‐year mortality was significantly improved after the inclusion of EuroSCORE (adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve = 0.779, 95% confidence interval 0.747 to 0.810, P = 0.008), but not after the inclusion of SxScore, SS II, or GRC.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing DES implantation for uLMCA disease, all evaluated risk scores were able to stratify the mortality risk at long‐term follow‐up. EuroSCORE was the only risk score that significantly improved the discriminatory power of a multivariable model to predict long‐term mortality. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid pacing using the left ventricular guidewire: Reviving an old technique to simplify BAV and TAVI procedures
Authors: Faurie Benjamin , Abdellaoui Mohamed , Wautot Fabrice , Staat Patrick , Champagnac Didier , Wintzer‐Wehekind Jérome , Vanzetto Gérald , Bertrand Bernard , Monségu Jacques 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesWe sought to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of rapid left ventricular (LV) pacing through the guidewire during balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) and Transaortic valve implantation (TAVI).BackgroundRight ventricular temporary pacing during TAVI and BAV is time‐consuming and associated with vascular and pericardial complications.MethodsRapid left ventricular pacing was provided via the back‐up 0.035″ guidewire. The cathode of an external pacemaker was placed on the tip of the 0.035″ wire and the anode on a needle inserted into the groin. Insulation was ensured by the balloon or TAVI catheter.Results38 BAV and 87 TAVI procedures were performed in 113 consecutive patients in three centers with one for one pacing (160–200 bpm) in all patients. A significant reduction in blood pressure was achieved with a mean systolic pressure of 44 mm Hg during stimulation. Mean procedural time was 49.7 ± 31 min for BAV and 68.7 ± 30.9 for TAVI. A temporary venous pacemaker was required in 12 patients; only 12% of TAVI patients had a femoral central venous catheter. Femoral venous puncture was not performed in BAV patients. No venous vascular complications were observed. One case of successfully treated tamponade (0.8%) occurred 8 hr post procedure. In‐hospital mortality rates were 4.6% and 2.6% in the TAVI and BAV groups, respectively.ConclusionsUse of the LV guidewire for rapid pacing during BAV and TAVI was shown to be simple, reproducible, and prevented complications associated with RV temporary leads thus potentially simplifying TAVI and enhancing its safety. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of a vascular closure device versus the radial approach to reduce access site complications in non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients: The angio‐seal versus the radial approach in acute coronary syndrome trial
Authors: Andrade Pedro B. , Mattos Luiz A. , Rinaldi Fábio S. , Bienert Igor C. , Barbosa Robson A. , Labrunie André , Tebet Marden , Esteves Vinícius , Abizaid Alexandre , Sousa Amanda R. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the radial versus femoral approach using Angio‐Seal for the incidence of access site complications among non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing invasive strategy.BackgroundArterial access is a major site of complications after invasive coronary procedures. Vascular closure devices provide more comfort to patients decreasing time to hemostasis and need for bed rest. However, the inconsistency of data proving their safety limits their routine adoption as a strategy to prevent vascular complications.MethodsSingle‐center non‐inferiority trial where 240 patients were randomized to radial or femoral access using Angio‐Seal. The primary objective was the occurrence of complications at the arterial puncture site until 30 days after the procedure.ResultsThere were no baseline clinical differences between groups, except for a greater prevalence of female patients in the radial group (33.3 vs. 20.0%, P = 0.020). Hemostasis was achieved in the entire radial group with the use of TR Band and in 95% of the procedures in the femoral group with Angio‐Seal (P = 0.029). Except for a higher incidence of asymptomatic arterial occlusion in the radial group, there were no differences among the other analyzed outcomes. According to the noninferiority test, the use of Angio‐Seal was noninferior to the radial approach, considering the margin of 15% (12.5 vs. 13.3%, difference −0.83%, 95% CI −9.31 − 7.65, P for noninferiority <0.001).ConclusionsAngio‐Seal seems noninferior in the incidence of access site complications at 30 days when compared with the radial approach. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of a Combination of Flocculants on Harvesting of Chaetoceros gracilis Marine Microalgae
Authors: Pérez Leticia , Salgueiro Jose Luis , Maceiras Rocío , Cancela Ángeles , Sánchez Ángel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHarvesting is one of the most important operations in microalgal biomass utilization. Two types of flocculants are widely used in flocculation. Inorganic flocculants are usually cheaper than organic flocculants, but leave more contaminants on the culture media. The combination of one inorganic and one organic flocculant and its synergy for the marine microalgae Chaetoceros gracilis harvesting process is reported. The efficiency of eight inorganic and five organic flocculants was studied. The results show that, when only FeCl3 was used, high doses were required for high levels of biomass recovery, whereas chitosan alone led to poor recoveries. However, when both flocculants were used in combined flocculation, total biomass recovery was achieved, even at low doses.
Amplified Charge Transfer for Anionic Redox Probes through Oriented Mesoporous Silica Thin Films
Authors: Karman Cheryl , Vilà Neus , Walcarius Alain 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDiffusion of anionic species through ordered mesoporous silica films is considerably restricted due to electrostatic repulsion by the negatively charged silica surface and this effect is even worse in low ionic strength media (owing to Donnan exclusion effects). This is at the origin of the poor electrochemical response of anionic redox probes at electrodes modified with such mesoporous thin films. Here, by using indium–tin oxide (ITO) electrodes covered with vertically aligned mesoporous silica films generated by electrochemically assisted self‐assembly (EASA), we show that charge transfer for anionic redox probes [i.e. Fe(CN)63−/4−] can be dramatically amplified by using a neutral [ferrocene dimethanol, Fc(MeOH)2] or cationic [(Ru(NH3)63+] redox mediator. This has been observed by cyclic voltammetry, showing current enhancement in the presence of the mediator, which acts as a mobile electron shuttle between the charge‐excluded Fe(CN)63−/4− species from the mesoporous silica film and the underlying ITO surface owing to the ability of the mediator species to diffuse freely through the oriented mesopore channels. This behavior was significantly affected by the relative contents of Fe(CN)63−/4− probe to Fc(MeOH)2 mediator, the potential scan rate, and the supporting electrolyte concentration. The most effective improvements were reached at low Fe(CN)63−/4− concentration, high mediator content, low potential scan rate, and low ionic strength.
Supramolecular Interactions Direct the Formation of Two Structural Polymorphs from One Building Unit in a One‐Pot Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Yuan , Wang Zhenxing , Yang Tao , Zhang Yuexing , Ma Xiong‐Feng , Sun Yi‐Chen , Ouyang Zhong‐Wen , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Zeng Ming‐Hua 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwo polymorphs of supramolecular isomers, a discrete dimer and a zig‐zag chain, having the same chemical composition, [Mn(Hbit)Cl2] (Hbit=1‐methyl‐2‐(1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole), were obtained solvothermally in a one‐pot synthesis. The isomers differ in a number of ways: orange blocks versus pale‐yellow needles, triclinic P
versus orthorhombic Pbcn, double μ2‐Cl versus alternate single and triple μ2‐Cl, coordination number 5 versus 6, and antiparallel versus parallel near‐neighbor orientation of Hbit. The packing in each case is driven by the supramolecular interactions, H‐bonds (N−H⋅⋅⋅Cl, C−H⋅⋅⋅Cl) and π⋅⋅⋅π overlaps, calculated to be in the range 20–36 kcal mol−1. Calculations gave a difference of only 2 kcal mol−1 in favor of the dimer, which confirms with the observation of principally the dimer at short reaction time. ESI‐MS spectra of the dissolved crystals reveal the same fragments with similar distributions. The presence of two fragments at m/z 286.96 [MnIV(Hbit)Cl‐2H]+ and 323.94 [MnIII(Hbit)Cl2]+ indicates that [Mn(Hbit)Cl2] is the building unit in both cases; thus, the different orientations of the ligands lead to the two polymorphs stabilized by the respective supramolecular interactions. Importantly, the chain form represents the first example with alternate single and triple μ2‐Cl bridges. The magnetic interactions are weakly antiferromagnetic in both cases, with J in the range 0.07–0.34 cm−1; however, high‐field EPR analysis reveals moderate magneto‐anisotropy with D=0.26(1) cm−1, E=0.06(1) cm−1 and D=0.17(1) cm−1, E=0.03(1) cm−1, respectively.
En Route to Stimuli‐Responsive Boron‐, Nitrogen‐, and Sulfur‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Hertz Valentin M. , Massoth Julian G. , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias 
Published: August 2016

AbstractReplacing both meso carbon atoms of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bisanthene by boron atoms creates an efficient blue fluorophore with a strong electron‐accepting character. The corresponding meso‐B,S‐doped bisanthene exhibits a solvent‐dependent green‐to‐orange photoluminescence and undergoes a reversible reduction at E
=−2.06 V (vs. FcH/FcH+). After oxidation of the sulfur atom, the resulting sulfoxide emits in the blue range of the spectrum, shows only negligible solvatochromism, and a reversible redox transition at E
=−1.74 V. Several related B, N‐ and B, S‐containing PAHs have been prepared following the same modular synthetic procedure and are also described herein. In order to systematically compare their optoelectronic properties, all products have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry as well as UV/Vis absorption/emission spectroscopy.
Efficient Enzymatic Preparation of 13N‐Labelled Amino Acids: Towards Multipurpose Synthetic Systems
Authors: da Silva Eunice S. , Gómez‐Vallejo Vanessa , Baz Zuriñe , Llop Jordi , López‐Gallego Fernando 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNitrogen‐13 can be efficiently produced in biomedical cyclotrons in different chemical forms, and its stable isotopes are present in the majority of biologically active molecules. Hence, it may constitute a convenient alternative to Fluorine‐18 and Carbon‐11 for the preparation of positron‐emitter‐labelled radiotracers; however, its short half‐life demands for the development of simple, fast, and efficient synthetic processes. Herein, we report the one‐pot, enzymatic and non‐carrier‐added synthesis of the 13N‐labelled amino acids l‐[13N]alanine, [13N]glycine, and l‐[13N]serine by using l‐alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis, an enzyme that catalyses the reductive amination of α‐keto acids by using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as the redox cofactor and ammonia as the amine source. The integration of both l‐alanine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii in the same reaction vessel to facilitate the in situ regeneration of NADH during the radiochemical synthesis of the amino acids allowed a 50‐fold decrease in the concentration of the cofactor without compromising reaction yields. After optimization of the experimental conditions, radiochemical yields were sufficient to carry out in vivo imaging studies in small rodents.
Probing Metal Ion Complexation of Ligands with Multiple Metal Binding Sites: The Case of Spiropyrans
Authors: Baldrighi Michele , Locatelli Giulia , Desper John , Aakeröy Christer B. , Giordani Silvia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAmong known molecular switches, spiropyrans attract considerable interest because of their reversible responsiveness to external stimuli and the deep conformational and electronic changes that characterize the switching process between the two isomeric forms [spiropyran (SP) and merocyanine (MC)]. Metal coordination is one of the most interesting aspects of spiropyrans for its potential in sensing, catalysis, and medicinal chemistry, but little is known about the details surrounding spiropyran–metal ion binding. We investigated the interplay between an N‐modified 8‐methoxy‐6‐nitrospiropyran (SP‐E), designed to provide appropriate molecular flexibility and a range of competing/collaborative metal binding sites, with Mg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, which were chosen for their similar coordination geometry preferences while differing in their hard/soft character. The formed molecular complexes were studied by means of UV/Vis, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry, and the crystal structure of the SP‐E–Cu complex was also obtained. The results indicate that the Mg2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ complexes have identical coordination stoichiometry. Furthermore, the Mg2+ and Zn2+ complexes display fluorescence properties in solution and visible‐light responsiveness. These results provide important spectroscopic and structural information that can serve as a foundation for rational design of spiropyran‐based smart materials for metal sensing and scavenging applications.
Influence of Polymer Electronics on Selective Dispersion of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Fong Darryl , Bodnaryk William J. , Rice Nicole A. , Saem Sokunthearath , Moran‐Mirabal Jose M. , Adronov Alex 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe separation and isolation of semiconducting and metallic single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on a large scale remains a barrier to many commercial applications. Selective extraction of semiconducting SWNTs by wrapping and dispersion with conjugated polymers has been demonstrated to be effective, but the structural parameters of conjugated polymers that dictate selectivity are poorly understood. Here, we report nanotube dispersions with a poly(fluorene‐co‐pyridine) copolymer and its cationic methylated derivative, and show that electron‐deficient conjugated π‐systems bias the dispersion selectivity toward metallic SWNTs. Differentiation of semiconducting and metallic SWNT populations was carried out by a combination of UV/Vis‐NIR absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. These results provide new insight into the rational design of conjugated polymers for the selective dispersion of metallic SWNTs.