bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pahlavi
Authors: Cereti Carlo G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter offers an overview of Pahlavi literature. It surveys a wide variety of genres and texts, which were composed in the form that has reached us mainly in the ninth and tenth century, though some of the works and many of the themes date back to the Sasanian period and even earlier. Much of this literature was composed by Zoroastrians in Iran, and the chapter looks at the Zoroastrian contexts of literary production. Important texts such as the Dēnkard and the Bundahišn are discussed at length. The chapter also examines non-religious literature and other literary traditions with which Pahlavi authors came into contact. No doubt a large part of Sasanian non-religious literature was translated into Arabic and later also into Persian, contributing to the blossoming of Islamic culture.
Academic Support Programs Utilized for Nursing Students at Risk of Academic Failure: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Freeman Julie C. , All Anita 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of the literature review is to evaluate and discuss the various types of academic support programs used for at-risk nursing students to identify those that are most effective.

BACKGROUND
Nurse educators are concerned about students admitted to nursing programs who are unable to successfully complete the program.

METHOD
To determine the format and efficacy of academic support programs, the literature review addressed the identification of at-risk students and academic support programs applicable to all student groups.

RESULTS
Nurse educators need to develop and implement plans to support and retain students in order to address the impending nursing shortage.

CONCLUSION
Replacing a student lost to academic failure is difficult. Although utilized in different manners, academic support programs are an effective retention strategy.
Nursing Living-Learning Communities and Student Retention: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bauer Renee N. , Kiger Susan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Living-learning communities have been known to promote student performance and a sense of collegiality. Most studies on this topic have utilized quantitative methods.

AIM
This qualitative comparison case study examined personal experiences associated with residing in a living-learning community. The study was conducted to explore findings associated with promoting student retention. A secondary goal was to explore student experiences with mentoring.

METHOD
Data were collected using taped recordings of live interviews at two universities that have nursing-themed housing. The targeted sample size was 14.

RESULTS
Themes that emerged from the data were mutual support, importance of the resident assistant, and self-determination.

CONCLUSION
Nursing students enjoy themed housing and especially desire the resident assistant to be a nursing student.
A Crisis in Competency: The Strategic and Ethical Imperative to Assessing New Graduate Nurses’ Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Kavanagh Joan M. , Szweda Christine 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

AIM
The aim of the study was to assess entry-level competency and practice readiness of newly graduated nurses.

BACKGROUND
Literature on success of new graduates focuses primarily on National Council of State Boards of Nursing Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN) pass rates, creating a false and incomplete picture of practice readiness.

METHOD
Posthire and prestart Performance-Based Development System assessments were administered to more than 5,000 newly graduated nurses at a large midwestern academic medical center between July 2010 and July 2015.

RESULTS
Aggregate baseline data indicate that only 23 percent of newly graduated nurses demonstrate entry-level competencies and practice readiness.

CONCLUSION
New data suggest that we are losing ground in the quest for entry-level competency. Graduates often are underprepared to operate in the complex field of professional practice where increased patient acuity and decreased length of stay, coupled with a lack of deep learning in our academic nursing programs, have exacerbated a crisis in competency.
Administrator Perspectives of Advantages and Challenges of Employing Part-Time Faculty in Nursing Education Programs: Two Sides of the Same Coin
Authors: Meyer Jacqueline Rose 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore perspectives of administrators (n = 581) regarding advantages and challenges of employing part-time nurse faculty (PTNF) in schools of nursing in the United States.

BACKGROUND
The nursing faculty shortage has resulted in increased reliance on PTNF who are clinical experts but often inexperienced as educators. A broader evidence base is necessary to develop effective strategies to support and retain these faculty members.

METHOD
Deans and directors of schools of nursing were invited to complete an online survey with two open-ended questions about the use of PTNF.

RESULTS
Five themes emerged from the qualitative descriptive analysis: clinical practice as primary role, diversity of educational approaches, effects on full-time faculty role, economic impact, and contracted educator role. Both positive and negative aspects of each theme were identified.

CONCLUSION
Results of this study support specific efforts to provide professional development and support to PTNF.
Ventilator-Free Day Outcomes Can Be Misleading
Authors: Bodet-Contentin Laetitia , Frasca Denis , Tavernier Elsa , Feuillet Fanny , Foucher Yohann , Giraudeau Bruno 
Published: December 2017

Introduction:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome often requires invasive mechanical ventilation, with both mortality and mechanical ventilation duration as outcomes of interest. The concept of ventilator-free days has been proposed as an outcome combining these two outcomes. Here we analyzed the construction of the ventilator-free day outcome and provided a hypothetical scenario to alert physicians that such an outcome can lead to misleading interpretations.

Methods:
We proposed the isoventilator-free day curve concept and, using an analytical development, illustrated how a median ventilator-free day value can actually result from very different combinations of death rates and mechanical ventilation durations. We also used a hypothetical example to compare the Student t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Gray test (which accounts for death as a competing event with extubation) in comparing exposition to mechanical ventilation.

Results:
A median ventilator-free day value of 10 days may mean that 10% of the patients died while survivors were ventilated during a median of 14 days or that 40% died while survivors were ventilated during a median of 5 days. Changing the time horizon affected the Student t test but not the Wilcoxon rank-sum result. The Gray test was more relevant than both the Student t test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test in identifying differences in groups showing highly different mechanical ventilation duration, despite equal median ventilator-free days. This approach was also illustrated using real data.

Conclusions:
Use of ventilator-free days as an outcome appears to have many drawbacks. Suitable methods of analyzing time to extubation should be preferred.
Mandibular Reconstruction Using a Customized Three-Dimensional Titanium Implant Applied on the Lingual Surface of the Mandible
Authors: Jo You-Young , Kim Seong-Gon , Kim Min-Keun , Shin Sung-Ho , Ahn Janghoon , Seok Hyun 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A patient had a right mandibular defect due to resection of an ameloblastoma. Previously, the defect had been reconstructed by an iliac bone graft, and subsequently, a titanium mesh with xenograft was used. However, it was not successfully reconstructed. For the recovery of mandible continuity and rehabilitation of jaw movement, we manufactured a customized 3-dimensional titanium implant by computer-aided design and manufacturing and electron beam melting technology. This implant was designed to have a porous body structure and lingual plate. The customized implant was accurately inserted in the bony defect. As a result, the patient showed a normal range of mouth opening and jaw movement. New bone migration was observed in the porous structure of the implant. Although there was a slight plate exposure and lack of alveolar bone formation, the customized 3D titanium implant successfully reconstructed the mandibular discontinuous defect and recovered jaw movement.
Mucosal Dehiscence After Alveolar Bone Graft in Cleft
Authors: Amodeo Giulia , Scopelliti Domenico 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cleft lip and palate patient represent a challenging experience for the surgeon. This kind of patients had to be followed by a multidisciplinary team from the beginning to the end to avoid the deformation sequelae. During the several surgical procedures, the bone graft represents a possible procedure that, through the new procedure, could be avoided. Unfortunately, patient treated following the previous procedure must be submitted to alveolar bone graft to coordinate the arch, to restore the maxillary integrity, to allow the correct dentition.
When Can We Predict the Outcome of an Electroconvulsive Therapy Course in Adolescents?
Authors: Maoz Hagai , Nitzan Uri , Goldwyn Yiftach , Krieger Israel , Bloch Yuval 
Published: December 2017

Objective
There is a dearth of up-to-date literature regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents, and the question of when to pronounce course failure has not been properly addressed. The current study aims to evaluate trajectories of clinical status throughout ECT courses in adolescent patients.

Methods
We retrieved detailed data of 36 patients who received ECT in our treatment center. Clinical records were retrospectively assessed and evaluated every 6 ECT sessions to quantify Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scores.

Results
The mean number of sessions per course was 24.4 ± 14.2. The mean CGI-I score at the conclusion of the ECT courses was 2.47 ± 1.19. At the end of the acute treatment stage, 26 patients (72.2%) were much or very much improved, based on CGI-I scores. Only 5 patients exhibited a significant response after 6 sessions or fewer, whereas 21 patients (56.6%) improved after 12 sessions. Pearson correlations between CGI-I scores throughout the course of ECT showed no significant correlation between CGI-I scores after 6 sessions and the final CGI-I scores. However, a significant correlation was found between CGI-I scores after 12 sessions and the final CGI-I score.

Conclusions
An improvement in the clinical status of adolescents treated by ECT might occur only after a substantial number of sessions. An early lack of response does not necessarily predict a failed ECT course.
Diagnostic utility of telomere length measurement in a hospital setting
Authors: Alder Jonathan K. , Hanumanthu Vidya Sagar , Strong Margaret A. , DeZern Amy E. , Stanley Susan E. , Takemoto Clifford M. , Danilova Ludmila , Applegate Carolyn D. , Bolton Stephen G. , Mohr David W. , Brodsky Robert A. , Casella James F. , Greider Carol W. , Jackson J. Brooks , Armanios Mary 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVery short telomere length (TL) provokes cellular senescence in vitro, but the clinical utility of TL measurement in a hospital-based setting has not been determined. We tested the diagnostic and prognostic value of TL measurement by flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (flowFISH) in individuals with mutations in telomerase and telomere maintenance genes, and examined prospectively whether TL altered treatment decisions for patients with bone marrow failure. TL had a definable normal range across populations with discrete lower and upper boundaries. TL above the 50th age-adjusted percentile had a 100% negative predictive value for clinically relevant mutations in telomere maintenance genes, but the lower threshold for diagnosis was age-dependent. The extent of deviation from the age-adjusted median correlated with the age at diagnosis of a telomere syndrome as well as the predominant complication. Mild short telomere defects manifested in adults as pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema, while severely short TL manifested in children as bone marrow failure and immunodeficiency. Among 38 newly diagnosed patients with bone marrow failure, TL shorter than the 1st age-adjusted percentile enriched for patients with germline mutations in inherited bone marrow failure genes, such as RUNX1, in addition to telomere maintenance genes. The TL result modified the hematopoietic stem cell donor choice and/or treatment regimen in one-fourth of the cases (9 of 38,24%). TL testing by flowFISH has diagnostic and predictive value in definable clinical settings. In patients with bone marrow failure, it altered treatment decisions for a significant subset.
Comparison of Small Gut and Whole Gut Microbiota of First-Degree Relatives with Adult Celiac Disease Patients and Controls
Authors: Bodkhe Rahul , Shetty Sudarshan A. , Dhotre Dhiraj P. , Verma Anil K. , Bhatia Khushbo , Mishra Asha , Kaur Gurvinder , Pande Pranav , Bangarusamy Dhinoth K. , Santosh Beena P. , Perumal Rajadurai C. , Ahuja Vineet , Shouche Yogesh S. , Makharia Govind K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent studies on celiac disease (CeD) have shown the role of gut microbiota alterations in CeD pathogenesis. Whether this alteration in the microbial community is the cause or effect of the disease is not well understood, especially in adult onset of disease. The first-degree relatives (FDRs) of CeD patients may provide an opportunity to study gut microbiome in pre-disease state as FDRs are genetically susceptible to CeD. By using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we observed between the disease condition (CeD), pre-disease (FDR) and control subjects. However, differences were observed at the level of amplicon sequence variant (ASV), suggesting alterations in specific taxa between pre-diseases and diseased condition. Duodenal biopsies showed higher differences in ASVs compared to faecal samples indicating larger disruption of microbiota at disease site. Increased abundance of specific Helicobacter ASVs were observed in duodenum of CeD when compared to FDR (p < 0.01). In case of fecal samples CeD microbiome and Actinomyces. In addition, predicted functional metagenome showed reduced ability of gluten that ecosystem level diversity measures (except in the duodenum) were not significantly different is characterized by reduced abundance of beneficial taxa such as Akkermansia, Ruminococcus degradation by CeD faecal microbiota in comparison to FDRs and controls.
Patterns of selection reveal shared molecular targets over short and long evolutionary timescales
Authors: Li Jing , Vázquez-García Ignacio , Persson Karl , González Asier , Yue Jia-Xing , Barré Benjamin , Hall Michael N. , Long Anthony D. , Warringer Jonas , Mustonen Ville , Liti Gianni 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStanding andde novogenetic variants can both drive adaptation to environmental changes, but their relative contributions and interplay remain poorly understood. Here we investigated the dynamics of drug adaptation in yeast populations with different levels of standing variation by experimental evolution coupled with time-resolved sequencing and phenotyping. We found a doubling of standing variation alone boost the adaptation by 64.1% and 51.5% in hydroxyuea and rapamycin respectively. The causative standing andde novovariants were selected on shared targets ofRNR4in hydroxyurea andTOR1, TOR2in rapamycin. The standing andde novoTOR variants map to different functional domains and act via distinct mechanisms. Interestingly, standing TOR variants from two domesticated strains exhibited opposite resistance effects, reflecting lineage-specific functional divergence. This study provides a dynamic view on how standing andde novovariants interactively drive adaptation and deepens our understanding of clonally evolving diseases.
Shared and distinct transcriptomic cell types across neocortical areas
Authors: Tasic Bosiljka , Yao Zizhen , Smith Kimberly A. , Graybuck Lucas , Nguyen Thuc Nghi , Bertagnolli Darren , Goldy Jeff , Garren Emma , Economo Michael N. , Viswanathan Sarada , Penn Osnat , Bakken Trygve , Menon Vilas , Miller Jeremy , Fong Olivia , Hirokawa Karla E. , Lathia Kanan , Rimorin Christine , Tieu Michael , Larsen Rachael , Casper Tamara , Barkan Eliza , Kroll Matthew , Parry Seana , Shapovalova Nadiya V. , Hirchstein Daniel , Pendergraft Julie , Kim Tae Kyung , Szafer Aaron , Dee Nick , Groblewski Peter , Wickersham Ian , Cetin Ali , Harris Julie A. , Levi Boaz P. , Sunkin Susan M , Madisen Linda , Daigle Tanya L. , Looger Loren , Bernard Amy , Phillips John , Lein Ed , Hawrylycz Michael , Svoboda Karel , Jones Allan R. , Koch Christof , Zeng Hongkui 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTNeocortex contains a multitude of cell types segregated into layers and functionally distinct regions. To investigate the diversity of cell types across the mouse neocortex, we analyzed 12,714 cells from the primary visual cortex (VISp), and 9,035 cells from the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) by deep single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), identifying 116 transcriptomic cell types. These two regions represent distant poles of the neocortex and perform distinct functions. We define 50 inhibitory transcriptomic cell types, all of which are shared across both cortical regions. In contrast, 49 of 52 excitatory transcriptomic types were found in either VISp or ALM, with only three present in both. By combining single cell RNA-seq and retrograde labeling, we demonstrate correspondence between excitatory transcriptomic types and their region-specific long-range target specificity. This study establishes a combined transcriptomic and projectional taxonomy of cortical cell types from functionally distinct regions of the mouse cortex.
Estrogen receptor inhibition enhances cold-induced adipocyte beiging and glucose sensitivity
Authors: Lapid Kfir , Lim Ajin , Berglund Eric D. , Graff Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLow estrogen states, exemplified by postmenopausal women, are associated with increased adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. We recently reported a paradox, in which a conditional estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) mutant mouse shows a hyper-metabolic phenotype with enhanced brown/beige cell formation (“browning/beiging”). These observations led us to consider that although systemic deficiency of estrogen or ERα in mice results in obesity and glucose intolerance at room-temperature, cold-exposure might induce enhanced browning/beiging and improve glucose metabolism. Remarkably, studying cold-exposure in mouse models of inhibited estrogen signaling - ERαKO mice, ovariectomy, and treatment with the ERα antagonist Fulvestrant - supported this notion. ERα/estrogen deficient mice demonstrated enhanced cold-induced beiging, reduced adiposity and increased glucose sensitivity. Fulvestrant was also effective in diet-induced obesity settings. Mechanistically, ERα inhibition sensitized cell-autonomous beige cell differentiation and stimulation, including β3-adrenoreceptor-dependent adipocyte beiging. Taken together, our findings highlight a therapeutic potential for obese/diabetic postmenopausal patients.
Evaluating stably expressed genes in single cells
Authors: Lin Yingxin , Ghazanfar Shila , Strbenac Dario , Wang Andy , Patrick Ellis , Lin Dave , Speed Terence , Yang Jean YH , Yang Pengyi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundSingle-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) profiling has revealed remarkable variation in transcription, suggesting that expression of many genes at the single-cell level are intrinsically stochastic and noisy. Yet, on cell population level, a subset of genes traditionally referred to as housekeeping genes (HKGs) are found to be stably expressed in different cell and tissue types. It is therefore critical to question whether stably expressed genes (SEGs) can be identified on the single-cell level, and if so, how their expression stability can be assessed? We have developed a computational framework for ranking expression stability of genes in single cells. Here we evaluate the proposed framework and characterize SEGs derived from two scRNA-seq datasets that profile early human and mouse development.ResultsHere, we show that gene expression stability indices derived from the early human and mouse development scRNA-seq datasets are highly reproducible and conserved across species. We demonstrate that SEGs identified from single cells based on their stability indices are considerably more stable than HKGs defined previously from cell populations across 10 diverse biological systems. Our analyses indicate that SEGs are inherently more stable at the single-cell level and their characteristics reminiscent of HKGs, suggesting their potential role in sustaining essential functions in individual cells.ConclusionsSEGs identified in this study have immediate utility both for understanding variation/stability of single-cell transcriptomes and for practical applications including scRNA-seq data normalization, the proposed framework can be applied to identify genes with stable expression in other scRNA-seq datasets.
Shifts in diversification rates and host jump frequencies shaped the diversity of host range amongSclerotiniaceaefungal plant pathogens
Authors: Navaud Olivier , Barbacci Adelin , Taylor Andrew , Clarkson John P. , Raffaele Sylvain 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe range of hosts that a parasite can infect in nature is a trait determined by its own evolutionary history and that of its potential hosts. However, knowledge on host range diversity and evolution at the family level is often lacking. Here, we investigate host range variation and diversification trends within theSclerotiniaceae, a family of Ascomycete fungi. Using a phylogenetic framework, we associate diversification rates, the frequency of host jump events, and host range variation during the evolution of this family. Variations in diversification rate during the evolution of the Sclerotiniaceae define three major macro-evolutionary regimes with contrasted proportions of species infecting a broad range of hosts. Host-parasite co-phylogenetic analyses pointed towards parasite radiation on distant hosts long after host speciation (host jump or duplication events) as the dominant mode of association with plants in theSclerotiniaceae. The intermediate macro-evolutionary regime showed a low diversification rate, high frequency of duplication events, and the highest proportion of broad host range species. Consistent with previous reports on oomycete parasites, our findings suggest that host jump and radiation, possibly combined with low speciation rates, could associate with the emergence of generalist pathogens. These results have important implications for our understanding of fungal parasites evolution and are of particular relevance for the durable management of disease epidemics.