bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining global‐scale diversification patterns in actinopterygian fishes
Authors: Tedesco Pablo A. , Paradis Emmanuel , Lévêque Christian , Hugueny Bernard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimFactors that isolate populations and reduce gene flow are considered key drivers of speciation and possibly diversification. Here we analyse the diversification rates of nearly 80% of the actinopterygian fish families in relation to biological traits and habitat factors associated with isolation and fragmentation levels.LocationGlobal.MethodsNet diversification rate for each family was estimated using the method‐of‐moments estimator for stem‐group ages. Phylogenetic generalized least‐squares analysis (PGLS), controlling for the non‐independence between clades due to phylogeny, was applied with diversification rate as the response variable to test the effects of mean body size, proportions of strictly freshwater, reef‐associated and migratory species and including the median latitudinal distribution and range of each family.ResultsAfter accounting for the phylogenetic relatedness of families and for their latitudinal distribution, we found strong support in agreement with our isolation and fragmentation hypotheses: predominance of freshwater dependence, reef‐association, small body size or non‐migratory behaviour in families is related to more rapid rates of diversification. We also found a highly significant and positive effect of latitudinal range and no clear effect of median latitude.Main conclusionsThis analysis suggests that factors related to the physical fragmentation of habitats and to lower dispersal ability of species have played an important role in the diversification processes of the most diverse group of vertebrates.
Slow Gait Speed and Risk of Long‐Term Nursing Home Residence in Older Women, Adjusting for Competing Risk of Mortality: Results from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Lyons Jennifer G. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Schousboe John T. , McCulloch Charles E. , Taylor Brent C. , Heeren Timothy C. , Stuver Sherri O. , Fredman Lisa 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether slow gait speed increases the risk of costly long‐term nursing home residence when accounting for death as a competing risk remains unknown.DesignLongitudinal cohort study using proportional hazards models to predict long‐term nursing home residence and subdistribution models with death as a competing risk.SettingCommunity‐based prospective cohort study.ParticipantsOlder women (mean age 76.3) participating in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures who were also enrolled in Medicare fee‐for‐service plans (N = 3,755).MeasurementsGait speed was measured on a straight 6‐m course and averaged over two trials. Long‐term nursing home residence was defined using a validated algorithm based on Medicare Part B claims for nursing home–related care.ResultsParticipants were followed until long‐term nursing home residence, disenrollment from Medicare plan, death, or December 31, 2010. Over the follow‐up period (median 11 years), 881 participants (23%) experienced long‐term nursing home residence, and 1,013 (27%) died before experiencing this outcome. Slow walkers (55% of participants with gait speed <1 m/s) were significantly more likely than fast walkers to reside in a nursing home long‐term (adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) = 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.54–2.09). Associations were attenuated in subdistribution models (aHR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.30–1.77) but remained statistically significant.ConclusionOlder community‐dwelling women with slow gait speed are more likely to experience long‐term nursing home residence, as well as mortality without long‐term residence. Ignoring the competing mortality risk may overestimate long‐term care needs and costs.
Association Between Chewing Difficulty and Symptoms of Depression in Adults: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Shin Hye‐Sun , Ahn Yong‐Soon , Lim Do‐Seon 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the association between chewing difficulty and symptoms of depression in a representative sample of the Korean population.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingKorea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).ParticipantsKNHANES participants (N = 5,158).MeasurementsChewing difficulty was assessed according to the self‐reported presence of chewing problems using a structured questionnaire. Symptoms of depression were defined as having feelings of sadness or depression consecutively over 2 weeks during the last 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between chewing difficulty and symptoms of depression, adjusted for age; sex; monthly household income; education; number of teeth; number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth; periodontitis; state of dentition; tooth brushing frequency; regular dental visits; smoking status; alcohol consumption; hypertension; diabetes mellitus; and obesity. The interaction effects between chewing difficulty and confounders were evaluated, and age‐ and sex‐stratified analyses were performed.ResultsThere was a significant positive association between chewing difficulty and symptoms of depression in the fully adjusted model (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.48–2.33). The strength of the association was highest in men aged 60 and older (AOR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.54–7.00).ConclusionChewing difficulty was independently associated with symptoms of depression in a representative sample of Korean adults.
Effects of Tai Chi on Cognition and Fall Risk in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sungkarat Somporn , Boripuntakul Sirinun , Chattipakorn Nipon , Watcharasaksilp Kanokwan , Lord Stephen R 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo examine whether combined center‐ and home‐based Tai Chi training can improve cognitive ability and reduce physiological fall risk in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a‐MCI).DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingChiang Mai, Thailand.ParticipantsAdults aged 60 and older who met Petersen's criteria for multiple‐domain a‐MCI (N = 66).InterventionThree weeks center‐based and 12 weeks home‐based Tai Chi (50 minutes per session, 3 times per week).MeasurementsCognitive tests, including Logical Memory (LM) delayed recall, Block Design, Digit Span forward and backward, and Trail‐Making Test Part B–A (TMT B–A), and fall risk index using the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA).ResultsAt the end of the trial, performance on LM, Block Design, and TMT B–A were significantly better for the Tai Chi group than the control group after adjusting for baseline test performance. The Tai Chi group also had significantly better composite PPA score and PPA parameter scores: knee extension strength, reaction time, postural sway, and lower limb proprioception.ConclusionCombined center‐ and home‐based Tai Chi training three times per week for 15 weeks significantly improved cognitive function and moderately reduced physiological fall risk in older adults with multiple‐domain a‐MCI. Tai Chi may be particularly beneficial to older adults with this condition.
Nurses’ shift reports: a systematic literature search and critical review of qualitative field studies
Authors: Buus Niels , Hoeck Bente , Hamilton Bridget Elizabeth 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo identify reporting practices that feature in studies of nurses’ shift reports across diverse nursing specialities. The objectives were to perform an exhaustive systematic literature search and to critically review the quality and findings of qualitative field studies of nurses’ shift reports.BackgroundNurses’ shift reports are routine occurrences in healthcare organisations that are viewed as crucial for patient outcomes, patient safety and continuity of care. Studies of communication between nurses attend primarily to 1:1 communication and analyse the adequacy and accuracy of patient information and feature handovers at the bedside. Still, verbal reports between groups of nurses about patients are commonplace. Shift reports are obvious sites for studying the situated accomplishment of professional nursing at the group level. This review is focused exclusively on qualitative field research for nuanced and contextualised insights into nurses’ everyday shift reporting practices.DesignThe study is a systematic literature search and critical review of qualitative field analyses of nurses’ shift reports. We searched in the databases CIHAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO and identified and reviewed 19 articles published 1992–2014. Data were systematically extracted using criteria for the evaluation of qualitative research reports.ResultsThe studies described shift report practices and identified several factors contributing to distribution of clinical knowledge. Shift report practices were described as highly conventionalised and locally situated, but with occasional opportunities for improvisation and negotiation between nurses. Finally, shift reports were described as multifunctional meetings, with individual and social effects for nurses and teams.ConclusionInnovations in between‐shift communications can benefit from this analysis, by providing for the many functions of handovers that are revealed in field studies.Relevance to clinical practiceLeaders and practising nurses may consider what are the best opportunities for nurses to work up clinical knowledge and negotiate care.
Mothers’ experience of not breastfeeding in a breastfeeding culture
Authors: Hvatum Ingjerd , Glavin Kari 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe women's experience of not breastfeeding in a breastfeeding culture.BackgroundBreastfeeding represents a fundamental cultural value in Norway and many other countries, and a mother may often have intense emotions about breastfeeding her child. Political and health authorities in many countries have given high priority to encourage breastfeeding among mothers. However, breastfeeding can be challenging and sometimes affects mothers’ mental health and the joy of interaction.DesignQualitative design.MethodsIndividual semistructured interviews with 12 mothers. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews.ResultsThree main categories emerged from the data: (1) desire to adapt to Norwegian culture, (2) feeling as though one was breaking the law and (3) lack of and unbalanced information. The mothers in this study wanted to breastfeed, both to do the best for their child and to fulfil cultural expectations. They knew about the advantages of breastfeeding. When breastfeeding was stopped, they needed social support because they felt it was difficult to do the opposite of what was most common in the culture.ConclusionHealthcare workers should consider the mother's individual situation when providing breastfeeding guidance. Information about the advantages should be adequately balanced and nuanced to prevent shame and guilt. Healthcare workers should have sufficient knowledge about how to ensure that infant formula is used correctly.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare workers should pay attention to the mother if she has limited social support, and they should organise peer support. Healthcare workers must ensure that mothers get balanced information about the benefits of breastfeeding and about the differences between breastmilk and infant formula. To ensure that infant formula is used correctly and to reduce stigma, healthcare workers should have sufficient knowledge about formula feeding and health authorities could provide information about how to prepare infant formula.
Patients’ self‐perceived burden, caregivers’ burden and quality of life for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Geng Dan , Ou RuWei , Miao XiaoHui , Zhao LiHong , Wei QianQian , Chen XuePing , Liang Yan , Shang HuiFang , Yang Rong 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study surveys the quality of life of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and the factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients’ self‐perceived burden and their caregivers’ burden.BackgroundBurdens of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their caregivers in Chinese population are largely unknown.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 81 pairs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and their caregivers.MethodsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients’ self‐perceived burden and caregivers’ burden were assessed by the Self‐Perceived Burden Scale and Zarit‐Burden Interview, respectively. Quality of life of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life‐Bref. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale‐Revised questionnaire was used to estimate patients’ physical function.ResultsBoth patients and caregivers reported a mild to moderate burden. The World Health Organization quality of life‐Bref scores were decreased in respondents with lower amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale‐Revised, higher Self‐Perceived Burden Scale and higher Zarit‐Burden Interview scores. Self‐Perceived Burden Scale scores were associated with patients’ knowledge of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, respiratory function and female sex. Zarit‐Burden Interview scores were associated with caregivers’ age, patients’ motor function and out‐of‐pocket payment.ConclusionWith increase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients’ self‐perceived burden and caregivers’ burden, quality of life of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients decreased. Female patients, who had known more about the disease, and those with severe respiratory dysfunction were subject to higher self‐perceived burden. Older caregivers and caregivers of patients with severe motor dysfunction and more out‐of‐pocket payment experienced more care burdens.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study suggests that paying more attention to female amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients might benefit patients in China or other South‐East Asian countries under the Confucian concept of ethics. There is an urgent demand to expand medical insurance coverage to cover amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in China and other developing countries. Long and adequate supports are needed for relieving caregiver's burden. To improve the quality of life of patients, relieving the patients’ SBP and caregivers’ burden is likely to be not only required, but also essential.
Patient‐ and family‐centred care in the intensive care unit: a challenge in the daily practice of healthcare professionals
Authors: van Mol Margo MC , Boeter Trudi GW , Verharen Lisbeth , Kompanje Erwin JO , Bakker Jan , Nijkamp Marjan D 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the impact of supportive interventions perceived by both the intensive care unit patients’ relatives and the healthcare providers, such as deferred intake interviews for providing information and discussing the emotional impacts, encouragement to keep a diary, and the introduction of weekly psychosocial rounds, on the perceptions of relatives of patients in the intensive care unit.BackgroundPatient‐ and family‐centred care is gaining interest, with a shift from provider‐centric norms to care arranged around patients’ and relatives individual beliefs and needs. This is expected to have a positive influence on the quality of care. Communication is one of the most important factors impacting the perceived quality of care in the intensive care unit from the perspective of patients’ relatives. New interventions have been introduced to help the patients’ relatives to meet their communication needs.DesignA time‐trend quantitative design.MethodsTwo convenience samples of relatives were included (in 2012 and 2013) in four different intensive care units from a large university medical centre in the Netherlands.ResultsSurvey data from 211 relatives (75% net response rate in 2012) and 123 relatives (66% net response rate in 2013) were used for the analysis. The second measurement showed significant improvements regarding informational aspects of care, clarification of roles in participatory caretaking and shared decision‐making.ConclusionThe results suggest that the additional support offered to patients’ relatives increased perceived quality of care, particularly with respect to informational needs. However, patient‐ and family‐centred care still requires a change in the mindset of healthcare professionals. This new point of view should overcome perceived barriers and foster a culture of partnership with patients’ relatives in the intensive care unit.Relevance to clinical practiceTraining in providing psychosocial support for the needs of relatives leads to a stronger perception of patient‐centredness.
Hyperhomocysteinemia in Greyhounds and its Association with Hypofolatemia and Other Clinicopathologic Variables
Authors: Heilmann R.M. , Grützner N. , Iazbik M. C. , Lopes R. , Bridges C.S. , Suchodolski J.S. , Couto C. G. , Steiner J.M. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundFolate and cobalamin are essential cofactors for homocysteine (HCY) metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia, a multifactorial condition, may reflect B vitamin deficiency and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, and neurodegenerative and chronic gastrointestinal diseases in humans. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been reported in Greyhounds with suspected chronic enteropathy.ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequencies of and the association between hypofolatemia and hyperhomocysteinemia in Greyhounds.AnimalsData and serum samples from 559 Greyhounds.MethodsNested case‐control study. The frequency of hypofolatemia in Greyhounds was determined by a laboratory database search. The relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia (measured by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry) and hypocobalaminemia and hypofolatemia was evaluated, and its frequency compared between healthy Greyhounds and Greyhounds with thrombosis or chronic diarrhea.ResultsHypofolatemia was identified in 172 of 423 (41%) Greyhounds and was more common in hypo‐ than in normocobalaminemic dogs (49% vs. 35%; P = .0064). Hyperhomocysteinemia was detected in 53 of 78 (68%) of Greyhounds, being more common in hypo‐ than in normofolatemic dogs (88% vs. 59%; P = .0175). All healthy Greyhounds, 21 of 30 (70%) of dogs with chronic diarrhea and 6 of 8 (75%) of those with thrombosis, were hyperhomocysteinemic. Serum HCY concentrations were inversely correlated with serum folate concentration (ρ = −0.28; P = .0386) and were positively associated with serum albumin concentration (ρ = 0.66; P = .0022).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHyperhomocysteinemia occurs frequently in the Greyhound population. Its association with hypofolatemia suggests decreased intracellular availability of B vitamins, but the functional implications warrant further investigation. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Greyhounds potentially may serve as a spontaneous canine model to further investigate hyperhomocysteinemia in humans.
PROFIT SHARING IN HEDGE FUNDS
Authors: He Xue Dong , Kou Steven 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn a new scheme for hedge fund managerial compensation known as the first‐loss scheme, a fund manager uses her investment in the fund to cover any fund losses first; by contrast, in the traditional scheme currently used in most US funds, the manager does not cover investors' losses in the fund. We propose a framework based on cumulative prospect theory to compute and compare the trading strategies, fund risk, and managers' and investors' utilities in these two schemes analytically. The model is calibrated to the historical attrition rates of US hedge funds. We find that with reasonable parameter values, both fund managers' and investors' utilities can be improved and fund risk can be reduced simultaneously by replacing the traditional scheme (with 10% internal capital and 20% performance fee) with a first‐loss scheme (with 10% first‐loss capital and 30% performance fee). When the performance fee in the first‐loss scheme is 40% (a current market practice), however, such substitution renders investors worse off.
Pregnant women's perceptions of gestational weight gain: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Vanstone Meredith , Kandasamy Sujane , Giacomini Mita , DeJean Deirdre , McDonald Sarah D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExcess gestational weight gain has numerous negative health outcomes for women and children, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and cesarean section (maternal) and high birth weight, trauma at birth, and asphyxia (infants). Excess weight gain in pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of long‐term obesity in both mothers and children. Despite a concerted public health effort, the proportion of pregnant women gaining weight in excess of national guidelines continues to increase. To understand this phenomenon and offer suggestions for improving interventions, we conducted a systematic review of qualitative research on pregnant women's perceptions and experiences of weight gain in pregnancy. We used the methodology of qualitative meta‐synthesis to analyze 42 empirical qualitative research studies conducted in high‐income countries and published between 2005 and 2015. With this synthesis, we provide an account of the underlying factors and circumstances (barriers, facilitators, and motivators) that pregnant women identify as important for appropriate weight gain. We also offer a description of the strategies identified by pregnant women as acceptable and appropriate ways to promote healthy weight gain. Through our integrative analysis, we identify women's common perception on the struggle to enact health behaviors and physical, social, and environmental factors outside of their control. Effective and sensitive interventions to encourage healthy weight gain in pregnancy must consider the social environment in which decisions about weight take place.
Inferring contemporary and historical genetic connectivity from juveniles
Authors: Feutry Pierre , Berry Oliver , Kyne Peter M. , Pillans Richard D. , Hillary Richard M. , Grewe Peter M. , Marthick James R. , Johnson Grant , Gunasekera Rasanthi M. , Bax Nicholas J. , Bravington Mark 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMeasuring population connectivity is a critical task in conservation biology. While genetic markers can provide reliable long‐term historical estimates of population connectivity, scientists are still limited in their ability to determine contemporary patterns of gene flow, the most practical time frame for management. Here, we tackled this issue by developing a new approach that only requires juvenile sampling at a single time period. To demonstrate the usefulness of our method, we used the Speartooth shark (Glyphis glyphis), a critically endangered species of river shark found only in tropical northern Australia and southern Papua New Guinea. Contemporary adult and juvenile shark movements, estimated with the spatial distribution of kin pairs across and within three river systems, was contrasted with historical long‐term connectivity patterns, estimated from mitogenomes and genome‐wide SNP data. We found strong support for river fidelity in juveniles with the within‐cohort relationship analysis. Male breeding movements were highlighted with the cross‐cohort relationship analysis, and female reproductive philopatry to the river systems was revealed by the mitogenomic analysis. We show that accounting for juvenile river fidelity and female philopatry is important in population structure analysis and that targeted sampling in nurseries and juvenile aggregations should be included in the genomic toolbox of threatened species management.