bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M1 macrophages are required for murine cerebral aneurysm formation
Authors: Nowicki Kamil W , Hosaka Koji , Walch Frank J , Scott Edward W , Hoh Brian L 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionMacrophages and neutrophils have been separately implicated in cerebral aneurysm formation. The interactions between different myeloid subsets and the contributions of macrophage phenotypes in these lesions over time are not known. The purpose of the study was to examine macrophage phenotypic changes in cerebral aneurysms.MethodsWe induced aneurysm formation in C57BL/6 mice and quantified contributions of M1 and M2 macrophages in aneurysm specimens with or without neutrophil blockade. In our aneurysm model, the left common carotid and right renal arteries were ligated, and mice were placed on a hypertensive high fat diet. One week later, stereotactic injection with elastase solution into the basal cisterns was performed. An angiotensin II secreting osmotic pump was implanted. The mice were then treated with anti-CXCL1 antibody or IgG control antibody. Animals were euthanized at 3 days, or 1 or 2 weeks. The circle of Willis was analyzed using immunohistochemistry for M1 and M2 macrophage phenotype contributions.ResultsProinflammatory M1/M2 ratio increased in cerebral aneurysm formation over time, from 0.56 at 3 days to 1.75 at 2 weeks (p<0.0001). In contrast, anti-CXCL1 antibody blockade led to polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype with an M1/M2 ratio of 0.95 at 2 weeks compared with IgG treated mice (p=0.0007).ConclusionsCXCL1 dependent neutrophil inflammation appears to have an important role in macrophage polarization to M1 phenotype in cerebral aneurysm development.
Major Bleeding Complications and Persistence With Oral Anticoagulation in Non‐Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Contemporary Findings in Real‐Life Danish Patients
Authors: Lamberts Morten , Staerk Laila , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup , Hansen Morten Lock , Harboe Louise , Lefevre Cinira , Evans David , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar 
Published: February 2017

Background
The nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants have recently become available as an alternative to warfarin as stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation, but data on real‐life patient experience, including bleeding risk, are lacking. Our objective was to compare major bleeding events and nonpersistence between the nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant apixaban and other nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (dabigatran and rivaroxaban) and warfarin in a contemporary, nation‐wide cohort of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results

Of 54 321 patients (median age, 73 years; 56% male; mean
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c score, 2.9), 7963, 6715, 15 413, and 24 230 patients initiated apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and warfarin, respectively. Apixaban and rivaroxaban initiators were older, less often male, with higher
HAS
‐
BLED
and
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c scores compared with dabigatran and warfarin initiators. A total of 2418 patients (4.5%) experienced a major bleeding event over all available follow‐up. In this period, rivaroxaban (hazard ratio [
HR
] [95% CI], 1.49 [1.27–1.77]), dabigatran (
HR
, 1.17 [1.00–1.38]), and warfarin (
HR
, 1.23 [1.05–1.43]) users were significantly more likely to bleed than apixaban users. Findings were similar when restricted to the first 30 days after
OAC
initiation. Risk of nonpersistence was higher for dabigatran (
HR
, 1.45 [1.33–1.59]) and warfarin initiators (
HR
, 1.22 [1.12–1.33]), but not for rivaroxaban initiators (
HR
, 1.07 [0.96–1.20]) compared with apixaban initiators.

Conclusions
In a real‐world cohort of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, apixaban had a lower adjusted major bleeding risk compared with rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and warfarin. Apixaban had a lower risk of nonpersistence compared with dabigatran and warfarin and similar risk compared with rivaroxaban.
Association of Morning Hypertension Subtype With Vascular Target Organ Damage and Central Hemodynamics
Authors: Oh Jaewon , Lee Chan Joo , Kim In‐Cheol , Lee Sang‐Hak , Kang Seok‐Min , Choi Donghoon , Park Sungha , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: February 2017

Background
A recent study reported that morning hypertension is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. However, it is unclear whether morning hypertension associated with sustained nocturnal hypertension and that associated with morning blood pressure (BP) surge differ in terms of their effects on cardiovascular target organ damage and clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the association of morning hypertension with/without nocturnal hypertension with vascular target organ damage and central hemodynamics in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results

Ambulatory BP monitoring was performed and central
BP
was measured in 1070 consecutive patients with high cardiovascular risk. We grouped morning hypertension into the following 3 subtypes: (I) morning normotension; (
II
) morning hypertension without nocturnal hypertension; and (
III
) morning hypertension with nocturnal hypertension. Morning hypertension was noted in 469 (43.8%) patients and morning hypertension with nocturnal hypertension was noted in 374 (34.9%) patients. The central systolic/diastolic
BP
and carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity were significantly higher in the subtype
III
group than in the subtype I and
II
groups (all
P
<0.001). Subtype
III
(versus subtype I) was an independent predictor of central hypertension and high‐risk arterial stiffness (
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.018, respectively) but not vascular damage in a fully adjusted model (model Y).

Conclusions

Morning hypertension, especially that associated with nocturnal hypertension, is related to high central
BP
and increased arterial stiffness. Further studies on whether morning hypertension with or without nocturnal hypertension is related to clinical outcomes should be performed.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02003781.
Generations Apart
Authors: Kebede Kassahun 
Published: February 2017

This study of Ethiopian immigrants in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area suggests that the continued involvement of immigrants with their place of origin is significantly shaped by pre-immigration and migration experiences. From my historically informed ethnographic work as well as the analysis of my informants’ pre-migration class and political backgrounds and the reasons why they left Ethiopia since the 1960s, three generations emerge: the Royalists, the Revolutionaries, and the DVs (Diversity Visa immigrants). In this article I explore the multiple and often contradictory narratives and discourses that characterize these generations. I also explore the ways in which the heterogeneity between the generations is manifested in their way of experiencing the United States, in their relationship with the homeland, and in the inter-generational interactions that bind them to one another. I use this case study to argue that attending to pre-migration intra- as well as inter-generational differences in immigrants’ experiences and views of their home and receiving countries will yield a fuller and more accurate picture of transnational migration.
Comparative Evaluation of Pain, Stress, Neuropeptide Y, ACTH, and Cortisol Levels Between a Conventional Postoperative Care Protocol and a Fast-Track Recovery Program in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Kapritsou Maria , Papathanassoglou Elizabeth D. , Bozas Evangelos , Korkolis Dimitrios P. , Konstantinou Evangelos A. , Kaklamanos Ioannis , Giannakopoulou Margarita 
Published: February 2017

Background: Fast-track (FT) postoperative protocol in oncological patients after major abdominal surgery reduces complications and length of postoperative stay compared to the conventional (CON) protocol. However, stress and pain responses have not been compared between the two protocols. Objectives: To compare stress, pain, and related neuropeptidic responses (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], cortisol, and neuropeptide Y [NPY]) between FT and CON protocols. Method: A clinical trial with repeated measurements was conducted (May 2012 to May 2014) with a sample of 63 hepatectomized or pancreatectomized patients randomized into two groups: FT ( n = 29) or CON ( n = 34). Demographic and clinical data were collected, and pain (Visual Analog Scale [VAS] and Behavioral Pain Scale [BPS]) and stress responses (3 self-report questions) assessed. NPY, ACTH, and cortisol plasma levels were measured at T1 = day of admission, T2 = day of surgery, and T3 = prior to discharge. Results: ACTHT1 and ACTHT2 levels were positively correlated with self-reported stress levels (ρ = .43 and ρ = .45, respectively, p < .05) in the FT group. NPY levels in the FT group were higher than those in the CON group at all time points ( p ≤ .004); this difference remained significant after adjusting for T1 levels through analysis of covariance for age, gender, and body mass index ( F = .003, F = .149, F = .015, respectively, p > .05). Conclusions: Neuropeptidic levels were higher in the FT group. Future research should evaluate this association further, as these biomarkers might serve as objective indicators of postoperative pain and stress.
Association Between Treatment Facility Volume and Mortality of Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Go Ronald S. , Bartley Adam C. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Shah Nilay D. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Holton Sara J. , Holmes David R. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To determine the association between the number of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated annually at a treatment facility (volume) and all-cause mortality (outcome). Methods Using the National Cancer Database, we identified patients diagnosed with MM between 2003 and 2011. We classified the facilities by quartiles (Q; mean patients with MM treated per year): Q1: < 3.6; Q2: 3.6 to 6.1, Q3: 6.1 to 10.3, and Q4: > 10.3. We used random intercepts to account for clustering of patients within facilities and Cox regression to determine the volume-outcome relationship, adjusting for demographic (sex, age, race, ethnicity), socioeconomic (income, education, insurance type), geographic (area of residence, treatment facility location, travel distance), and comorbid (Charlson-Deyo score) factors and year of diagnosis. Results There were 94,722 patients with MM treated at 1,333 facilities. The median age at diagnosis was 67 years, and 54.7% were men. The median annual facility volume was 6.1 patients per year (range, 0.2 to 109.9). The distribution of patients according to facility volume was: Q1: 5.2%, Q2: 12.6%, Q3: 21.9%, and Q4: 60.3%. The unadjusted median overall survival by facility volume was: Q1: 26.9 months, Q2: 29.1 months, Q3: 31.9 months, and Q4: 49.1 months ( P < .001). Multivariable analysis showed that facility volume was independently associated with all-cause mortality. Compared with patients treated at Q4 facilities, patients treated at lower-quartile facilities had a higher risk of death (Q3 hazard ratio [HR], 1.12 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.16]; Q2 HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.12 to 1.21]; Q1 HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.17 to 1.28]). Conclusion Patients who were treated for MM at higher-volume facilities had a lower risk of mortality compared with those who were treated at lower-volume facilities.
The Crumbs_C isoform ofDrosophilashows tissue- and stage-specific expression and prevents light-dependent retinal degeneration
Authors: Spannl Stephanie , Kumichel Alexandra , Hebbar Sarita , Kapp Katja , Gonzalez-Gaitan Marcos , Winkler Sylke , Blawid Rosana , Jessberger Gregor , Knust Elisabeth 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTDrosophila Crumbs (Crb) is a key regulator of epithelial polarity and fulfils a plethora of other functions, such as growth regulation, morphogenesis of photoreceptor cells and prevention of retinal degeneration. This raises the question how a single gene regulates such diverse functions, which in mammals are controlled by three different paralogs. Here, we show that in Drosophila different Crb protein isoforms are differentially expressed as a result of alternative splicing. All isoforms are transmembrane proteins that differ by just one EGF-like repeat in their extracellular portion. Unlike Crb_A, which is expressed in most embryonic epithelia from early stages onward, Crb_C is expressed later and only in a subset of embryonic epithelia. Flies specifically lacking Crb_C are homozygous viable and fertile. Strikingly, these flies undergo light-dependent photoreceptor degeneration despite the fact that the other isoforms are expressed and properly localised at the stalk membrane. This allele now provides an ideal possibility to further unravel the molecular mechanisms by which Drosophila crb protects photoreceptor cells from the detrimental consequences of light-induced cell stress.
Establishment and maintenance of sexual preferences that cause a reproductive isolation between medaka strains in close association
Authors: Ikawa Mayuka , Ohya Emi , Shimada Hiroka , Kamijo Makiko , Fukamachi Shoji 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Animals choose reproductive partners based on their sexual preferences which are established at a certain time point before, during, or after sexual maturation. The preferences are often divergent within a species, which suppresses gene flow between populations and may promote speciation. There are two strains of medaka (Oryzias latipes) that differ by a single transgene and mate assortatively depending on skin color. Here, we demonstrate that symmetrically biased (mutually exclusive) sexual preferences are (1) gradually established during growth depending on skin color and the color of surrounding fish, (2) strong enough to minimize gene flow between the strains at a population level, and (3) inflexibly retained after sexual maturation, even after weeks of daily mating with partners of the other strain. Thus, these laboratory strains of medaka are under premating isolation with the simplest genomic structure. They provide an empirical platform for assessing the complex and hypothetical mechanisms of speciation by mate choice.
The Role of Territories of Priority Development in Dealing with Problems of Import Independence
Authors: Скрыль  , Skryl Tatyana 
Published: February 2017

The article identifies priority areas and trends of the government to accelerate economic growth by attracting investment in the industrial sector. The article discusses different approaches and scholarly positions of a number of domestic and foreign economists regarding the desirability of one or another of industrial policy and its effectiveness. The author, drawing on the results of functioning of free economic zones in the Russian Federation, justifies the strategic importance of formation and implementation mechanism of the territories of priority development for the successful modernization of the industrial sector in Russia. The article presents the institutional matrix of formation of the territories of priority development, described in detail its elements, strict interconnection which allows the mechanism to work effectively. The author
evaluates and analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of this matrix to determine which of them worked out in the Federal law of the Russian Federation and which require immediate action from the state for successful implementation in practice of the mechanism of the territories of priority development. The author introduced the priority point of intersection of interests of state and business is the need of the formation of the working mechanism of return of private capital and modernization of current technologies. In Russia, this problem can be solved in the framework of implementation of the territories of priority development.
Differentiation of the Volga Region Federal District in Terms of Development of Human Potential
Authors: Катайкина  , Kataykina N. , Скворцова  , Skvortsova M. 
Published: February 2017

The article assesses the level of human development of the Republic of Mordovia
and Volga Federal District (VFD). The author offer an expanded range
of indicators to assess the level of development of human potential in the region.
The results of differentiation of regions of the Volga Federal District on the level
of human development, carried out on the basis of the cluster analysis are given.
The article identifies the key areas of human development of the Volga Federal
District, grouped in clusters, as the one of the constitutive elements of human
potential
Dietrich Bonhoeffers Psalmenauslegung in der Zeit des Dritten Reiches
Authors: Strohm Christoph 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Bonhoeffer’s path »from a theologian to a Christian and contemporary« becomes vividly evident from his use of the Psalms. They are virtually irrelevant to his early works, but in the time of spiritual focussing in the first half of the 1930s, they come to buttress his individual piety as well as of his training of vicars. During his imprisonment the Psalms become an important means of communication and of sapiential insight. In addition, one may attribute a stimulating, intensifying effect on his development »from a theologian to a Christian and contemporary« to the Psalms. Evidence for this is the fact that, next to the Sermon on the Mount, the Psalms are the most important reference texts in the phase of Bonhoeffer’s spiritual focussing during the Kirchenkampf in the mid-1930s.
Annual dynamics, nature-conservancy evaluation and an overview of data on the occurrence of waterbirds at Šaleška Lakes (N Slovenia)
Authors: Deberšek Boštjan , Bordjan Dejan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Between September 2014 and August 2015, 32 systematic surveys of waterbirds were carried out in 10-day periods in the area of Šaleška Lakes. The main objectives of the surveys were to establish the birds’species structure and abundance as well as to assess the area’s significance for their breeding, migration and overwintering. A total of 8927 individuals belonging to 53 species were recorded. Most species were observed at the end of March (27), whereas the highest number of individuals were registered in early January (535). The lowest number of individuals were counted in May (73). Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus, Mute Swan Cygnus olor and Grey Heron Ardea cinerea were observed during all counts. An additional 10 species were registered in at least 50% of the 10-day periods. The highest number of individuals (2891) and species (34) were counted at Lake Šoštanj, the highest number of individuals (295) and species (21) in a single 10-day survey period at Lake Gaberke. Most nestlings and nesting species were recorded at Lake Velenje. The majority of species occurred on all lakes within the research area, while some of them frequented certain lakes only exceptionally. The lowest numbers of birds were observed in central parts of all major waterbodies, particularly at Lake Velenje. Distribution of waterbirds at Šaleška Lakes is greatly influenced by the presence and distribution of people along them, as well as by the depth and riparian vegetation of the lakes and number of suitable roosting places. The number of breeding species is higher than in the 1994-2003 period. Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus, Kingfisher Alcedo atthis and Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus are new breeders for the area. The most abundant breeder is the Mallard with up to 16 pairs. The area’s breeders of the greatest conservation concern are the Little Bittern, Great Reed Warbler and Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus, with the latter boasting the greatest share of the national breeding population (5%) in the area. Generally, most species occur during the migration season, although none of them in the numbers of conservation concern. Among the 33 waterbird species observed during the International Waterbird Censuses, five were recorded in all 18 years. Pochard Aythya ferina and Coot Fulica atra are of the greatest conservation concern, whereas the greatest share of the national population is reached by the Coot and Great Crested Grebe. In spite of the fact that the numbers of overwintering waterbirds in Slovenia are increasing, their numbers are declining at Šaleška Lakes. Among the 13 species recorded during more than ten International Waterbird Counts in the area researched, eight species are experiencing negative trends.
Wet Observations of the DAV G185–32
Authors: Castanheira B. G. , Kepler S.O. , Moskalik P. , Kleinman S. J. , Sansom A.E. , Solheim J.-E. , Belmonte J.A. , Kawaler S.D. , Kanaan A. , Winget D.E. , Nather R.E. , Watson T.K. , Clemens J. C. , Provencal J. , Grauer A.D. , Bradley P.A. , Wood M.A. , Achilleos N. , Vauclair G. , Pfeiffer B. , Chevreton M. , Dolez N. , Serre B. , Yang J.S. , Fu J.N. , Marar T. M. K. , Ashoka B.N. , Meištas E.G. , Chernyshev A. V. , Mazeh T. , Leibowitz E. , Krzesiński J. , Pajdosz G. , Zoła S. , Costa J. E. S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe pulsating DAV white dwarf G185-32 was observed with the Whole Earth Telescope in 1992, during XCov8. We briefly report on the weighted Fourier transform of the data obtained.
V351 Ori as a Target for the Wet
Authors: Ripepi V. , Marconi M. , Silvotti R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present time series observations of the Herbig Ae star V351 Ori. This star presents light variations on short time scale (a few hours), typical of the δ Scuti pulsation. The new data are briefly described and the possibility to observe V351 Ori with the WET is discussed.
A Target or the Next XCov23 Campaign: KPD 1930+2752
Authors: Charpinet S. , Reed M.D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKPD 1930+2752 is a pulsating subdwarf B star with a particularly rich period spectrum, likely due to significant rotational splitting. It is also a short period (~ 2h17m), close binary system (as revealed by the presence of an ellipsoidal variation in the light curve) containing an unseen companion - almost certainly a white dwarf. Radial velocity measurements indicate that the total binary mass exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit. KPD 1930+2752 is therefore the first known (non-X-ray source) candidate for a Type Ia supernova (SNe Ia) progenitor that should explode within an astrophysically interesting timescale (~ 200 Myr) after the two stars merge due to gravitational wave radiation. Additionally, the tidal distortions are indicative of the strong tidal force incurred on the pulsating star by its companion. This will allow us to test the effects such strong tidal forces have on pulsations. Hence, this object presents an outstanding astrophysical interest, and deserves to be observed with the WET network to fully resolve the complex pulsation pattern of the pulsating sdB star, as well as the details of the ellipsoidal modulation. The asteroseismological analysis of the pulsation data obtained with the WET, along with a detailed analysis of the folded, high S/N ellipsoidal variation will lead to strong physical constraints on this particularly interesting stellar object.
XQUED: The Next Generation of Wet Light Curve Reduction and Analysis Software
Authors: Riddle R. L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFor many years, the Whole Earth Telescope has used the QED software package, created by R. E. Nather, to reduce the data gathered from the WET standard, PMT based photometers. While essential for reducing this data, QED alone is not a sufficient package for reducing CCD photometry data, which is becoming a larger fraction of WET data. In addition, QED requires DOS, while many astronomers, and WET HQ, do everything in a different environment (usually Unix based). A new version of the data reduction software will allow the WET to continue to operate with future CCD photometers and systems, and to reduce archival photometry data with new computer systems. Here a software package is described which will satisfy these new needs.