bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behandlung gynäkologischer Erkrankungen mit anthroposophischer Medizin
Authors: Stammer Gabriela 
Published: December 2017

SummaryDie anthroposophische Medizin nimmt den Menschen mit Leib, Seele und in seiner Individualität war. Das Zentrum der therapeutischen Beziehung und Diagnosestellung bildet das ärztliche Gespräch. Zur Behandlung stehen anthroposophische Medikamente und Heilmittel wie rhythmische Massagen oder Öl-Dispersionsbäder zur Verfügung. Diese Mittel kommen auch bei gynäkologischen Erkrankungen zum Einsatz. Im Bereich der Frauenheilkunde werden viele Beschwerden in der Schulmedizin mit Schmerzmitteln oder Antibiotika behandelt. Dieser Artikel zeigt Fallbeispiele aus der Praxis, bei denen die Patientinnen erfolgreich mit Mitteln der anthroposophischen Medizin behandelt wurden.
Die Bedeutung der Mikrobiota in der Infektionsprophylaxe und -behandlung
Authors: Rüffer Andreas , Eckert Michaela , Krause Diana , Lurz Katja , Niebling Martina , Teibert Adrienn 
Published: December 2017

SummaryUnsere körpereigene Mikrobiota trägt in Form der Kolonisationsresistenz entscheidend zum direkten Schutz vor Infektionen bei. Darüber hinaus hat insbesondere die Darmmikrobiota großen Einfluss auf die Funktionsfähigkeit der Immunabwehr. Entsprechend weitreichend sind die Folgen von Störungen dieses Barrieresystems. Stuhluntersuchungen bieten dann die Möglichkeit einer mikroökologischen Status-quo-Erfassung sowie die Basis für gezielte pro- und präbiotische Therapien auch im Sinne einer Infektprävention bzw. -behandlung.
Grüne Antibiotika für eine grüne Zukunft?
Authors: Stange Rainer 
Published: December 2017

SummaryNach den großen Erfolgen der Antibiotikaära werden in den letzten Jahren v.a. deren Probleme – die zunehmenden Antibiotikaresistenzen – hervorgehoben. Allerdings existieren bislang nur wenig praktikable Rezepte, mit denen man für die wichtigsten klinischen Situationen das Ziel erreichen könnte, Antibiotika nicht zu verordnen.Für die unkomplizierte Zystitis und Atemwegsinfekte existieren wirksame Alternativen aus der Phytotherapie, die auf Basis der Studienlage im Beitrag zusammengefasst werden. Aus der Fülle der phytotherapeutischen Möglichkeiten wurden einige wichtige herausgegriffen. Auf Phytotherapeutika wie Knoblauch oder Ätherischöldrogen wird nicht näher eingegangen, da über beide bereits zahlreiche Publikationen vorliegen.
Characterization of SPP inhibitors suppressing propagation of HCV and protozoa
Authors: Hirano Junki , Okamoto Toru , Sugiyama Yukari , Suzuki Tatsuya , Kusakabe Shinji , Tokunaga Makoto , Fukuhara Takasuke , Sasai Miwa , Tougan Takahiro , Matsunaga Yasue , Yamashita Kazuo , Sakai Yusuke , Yamamoto Masahiro , Horii Toshihiro , Standley Daron M. , Moriishi Kohji , Moriya Kyoji , Koike Kazuhiko , Matsuura Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceSignal peptide peptidase (SPP) is an essential host factor for propagation of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Here, we show that dibenzoazepine-type γ-secretase inhibitors suppressed the maturation of all genotypes of HCV core proteins through a specific interaction with Val223 in SPP, and no drug-resistant virus emerged after several passages of HCV in the presence of the SPP inhibitors. In addition, SPP encoded byPlasmodium falciparumwas functionally similar to human SPP, and treatment with the SPP inhibitors suppressed the propagation of protozoa, includingP. falciparumandToxoplasma gondii. Structural analysis in silico revealed that Phe258 of SPP participates in binding to the inhibitors. Compounds possessing a high affinity to Val223/Phe258 in SPP might be novel therapeutics for chronic hepatitis C and protozoiasis.
Instrument constituencies and public policy-making: an introduction
Authors: Béland Daniel , Howlett Michael , Mukherjee Ishani 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
For many years, policy-making has been envisioned as a process in which subsets of policy actors engage in specific types of interactions involved in the definition of policy problems, the articulation of solutions and their matching or enactment. This activity involves the definition of policy goals (both broad and specific), the creation or identification of the means and mechanisms that need to be implemented to realize these goals, and the set of bureaucratic, partisan, electoral and other political struggles involved in their acceptance and transformation into action. While past research on policy subsystems has often assumed or implied that these tasks could be undertaken by any actor, more recent research argues that distinct sets of actors are involved in these three tasks: epistemic communities that are engaged in discussions about policy dilemmas and problems; instrument constituencies that define and promote policy instruments and alternatives; and advocacy coalitions which compete to have their choice of policy alternative and problem frames adopted. Two of these three sets of actors are quite well known and, indeed, have their own literature about what it takes to be a member of an epistemic community or advocacy coalition, although interactions between the two are rarely discussed. The third subset, the instrument constituency, is much less known but has from the outset been considered in relation to these other policy actors. The articles in this special issue focus on better understanding the nature of actor interactions undertaken by instrument constituencies and how these relate to the other kinds of actors involved in policy-making.
Test–retest reliability of the irrational performance beliefs inventory
Authors: Turner M. J. , Slater M. J. , Dixon J. , Miller A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe irrational performance beliefs inventory (iPBI) was developed to measure irrational beliefs within performance domains such as sport, academia, business, and the military. Past research indicates that the iPBI has good construct, concurrent, and predictive validity, but the test–retest reliability of the iPBI has not yet been examined. Therefore, in the present study the iPBI was administered to university sport and exercise students (n = 160) and academy soccer athletes (n = 75) at three‐time points. Time point two occurred 7 days after time point one, and time point three occurred 21 days after time point two. In addition, social desirability was also measured. Repeated‐measures MANCOVAs, intra‐class coefficients, and Pearson's (r) correlations demonstrate that the iPBI has good test–retest reliability, with iPBI scores remaining stable across the three‐time points. Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed no relationships between the iPBI and social desirability, indicating that the iPBI is not highly susceptible to response bias. The results are discussed with reference to the continued usage and development of the iPBI, and future research recommendations relating to the investigation of irrational performance beliefs are proposed.
Microstructure and filtration performance of konjac glucomannan-based aerogels strengthened by wheat straw
Authors: Wang Yixin , Chen Xi , Kuang Ying , Xiao Man , Su Yuehong , Jiang Fatang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study presents the preparation and measurement of a novel environmentally friendly konjac glucomannan (KGM)-based composite aerogels enhanced with wheat straw (WS) via a sol–gel and freeze-drying progress. With the addition of WS, the porosity of aerogels could be increased from 50 to 88.13%, the filtration resistance of aerogels could be reduced from 500 to 205 Pa, and the filtration efficiency could be improved to 90.38%. The addition of WS also enhances the mechanical properties of composite aerogels with compression modulus of 2000.66 Pa, compressive strength of 501.56 Pa and elasticity of 0.603. The results demonstrate the high potential of KGM-based composite aerogels enhanced with WS for applications in air filtering.
Surgical Treatment of Chronic Elbow Dislocation Allowing for Early Range of Motion: Operative Technique and Clinical Results
Authors: Anderson Duane R. , Haller Justin M. , Anderson Lucas A. , Hailu Samuel , Chala Abebe , O'Driscoll Shawn W. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives:
To describe the surgical treatment and patient outcomes of chronic elbow dislocations.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Two tertiary referral centers.

Patients/Participants:
All patients with surgically treated chronic elbow dislocation with no associated articular fracture from January 2009 to January 2015.

Intervention:
Review of patient demographics, injury chronicity, surgical technique, and patient outcomes.

Main Outcome Measurement:
Clinical outcomes included elbow range of motion and complications. Radiographic outcomes included the presence of heterotopic ossification. Patient-reported outcomes included the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and the Summary Outcome Determination (SOD).

Results:
Thirty-two patients with mean follow-up of 22 months (range, 13–41 months) were included. The mean dislocation duration was 6 months (range, 1–34 months). The mean preoperative range of motion was 8 degrees (range, 0–30 degrees). There were no infections or recurrent dislocations. One patient developed transient ulnar nerve palsy postoperatively. There were no cases of new or progressive heterotopic ossification. The mean postoperative extension was 31 degrees (range, 0–75 degrees), and the mean postoperative flexion was 132 degrees (range, 95–150 degrees); the mean final arc of motion was 101 degrees (range, 50–140 degrees). The mean postoperative MEPI was 93 (range, 70–100), and the mean SOD score was 9 (range, 6–10). Using the MEPI, 97% (31/32 patients) had good or excellent outcome. There was no difference in flexion/extension arc or MEPI scores between groups of elbows older and younger than 17 years or dislocations less or more than 3 months.

Conclusion:
This is the largest case series of surgically treated patients with chronic elbow dislocation. Using our surgical technique, 97% of patients had good or excellent outcome with a low complication rate. Open reduction of chronic elbow dislocation can be accomplished while permitting early motion with minimal recurrent dislocation risk.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Granulomatous Tumoral Melanosis Associated With Pembrolizumab Therapy: A Mimicker of Disease Progression in Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Woodbeck Randi , Metelitsa Andrei I. , Naert Karen A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma, with these agents significantly improving survival for patients with metastatic disease. With the increasing use of these agents, the number of adverse reactions secondary to their use has also increased. Sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions are one such immune checkpoint inhibitor–related adverse event. We report a case of sarcoid-like granulomatous tumoral melanosis in a patient on the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor inhibitor pembrolizumab for metastatic melanoma. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of a sarcoidal form of tumoral melanosis in a patient on anti-PD-1 therapy. We postulate that this reflects tumor regression in response to pembrolizumab-induced immune activation, with concomitant therapy–triggered induction of a sarcoid-like reaction. These findings and the literature review presented herein should alert clinicians and pathologists to the possibility of regressed lesions with sarcoid-like features presenting as mimickers of disease progression in patients undergoing immunotherapy for advanced melanoma.
INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING VERSUS INVERTED FLAP TECHNIQUE FOR TREATMENT OF FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLES
Authors: Rizzo Stanislao , Tartaro Ruggero , Barca Francesco , Caporossi Tomaso , Bacherini Daniela , Giansanti Fabrizio 
Published: December 2017

Background:
The inverted flap (IF) technique has recently been introduced in macular hole (MH) surgery. The IF technique has shown an increase of the success rate in the case of large MHs and in MHs associated with high myopia. This study reports the anatomical and functional results in a large series of patients affected by MH treated using pars plana vitrectomy and gas tamponade combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling or IF.

Methods:
This is a retrospective, consecutive, nonrandomized comparative study of patients affected by idiopathic or myopic MH treated using small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (25- or 23-gauge) between January 2011 and May 2016. The patients were divided into two groups according to the ILM removal technique (complete removal vs. IF). A subgroup analysis was performed according to the MH diameter (MH < 400 µm and MH ≥ 400 µm), axial length (AL < 26 mm and AL ≥ 26 mm), and the presence of chorioretinal atrophy in the macular area (present or absent).

Results:
We included 620 eyes of 570 patients affected by an MH, 300 patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and ILM peeling and 320 patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and IF. Overall, 84.94% of the patients had complete anatomical success characterized by MH closure after the operation. In particular, among the patients who underwent only ILM peeling the closure rate was 78.75%; among the patients who underwent the IF technique, it was 91.93% (P = 0.001); and among the patients affected by full-thickness MH ≥400 µm, success was achieved in 95.6% of the cases in the IF group and in 78.6% in the ILM peeling group (P = 0.001); among the patients with an axial length ≥26 mm, success was achieved in 88.4% of the cases in the IF group and in 38.9% in the ILM peeling group (P = 0.001). Average preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.77 (SD = 0.32) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/118 Snellen) in the peeling group and 0.74 (SD = 0.33) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/110 Snellen) in the IF group (P = 0.31). Mean postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.52 (SD = 0.42) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/66 Snellen) in the peeling group and 0.43 (SD = 0.31) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/53 Snellen) in the IF group (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
Vitrectomy associated with the inverted ILM flap technique seems to be effective surgery for idiopathic and myopic large MHs, improving both functional and anatomical outcomes.
Trabeculectomy Outcomes After Glaucoma Drainage Device Surgery
Authors: Alizadeh Reza , Akil Handan , Tan James , Law Simon K. , Caprioli Joseph 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate outcomes of trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C in patients with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) after glaucoma drainage device implantation.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive patients who had undergone a trabeculectomy after GDD were reviewed. The primary outcome was surgical success with stratified IOP targets based on the following criteria: (A) IOP<18 mm Hg and IOP reduction of 20%; (B) IOP<15 mm Hg and IOP reduction of 25%; (C) IOP<12 mm Hg and IOP reduction of 30%. Secondary outcomes were number of glaucoma medications, complications, and need for additional glaucoma surgery.

Results:
Twenty eyes (19 patients) were included for analysis. Median follow-up and age were 3.7 years (range, 1.1 to 10.2 y) and 64.2 years (range, 25.2 to 85.6 y), respectively. Mean IOP (±SD) has dropped from 19.3±4.2 mm Hg preoperatively to 9.8±2.2 mm Hg at 1 year, 8.8±3.2 mm Hg at 3 years and 8.4±1.5 mm Hg at 5 years (P<0.001 for all). Hypotony maculopathy was the only serious complication (2/19 patients; 10%) that needed surgical revision. The cumulative success rate (±SD) for criterion A and B were 73.2% (±10.0%) and 68.2% (±9.5%), respectively, between the first and fifth year of follow-up, for criterion C it was 49.1% (±10.8%) at the first year and 32.7% (±12%) between the second and fifth year of follow-up.

Conclusions:
Trabeculectomy is a viable surgical option to treat IOP that is uncontrolled after GDD implantation.
Utilization of iPad Technology to Decrease Pediatric Preoperative Anxiety
Authors: Caldwell Rosaline Michelle , Ray Robyn 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this project was to determine if iPad technology could decrease preoperative anxiety in school-age children. Each year, more than five million children in the United States have surgical procedures. Preoperative anxiety can delay induction of anesthesia, provoke the release of stress hormones, and hinder postoperative recovery. To decrease preoperative anxiety, a 17-page colorful iPad prep book was developed. The iPad prep book included pictures and words describing the outpatient day surgery process.

Procedure
A preexperimental one-group pretest/posttest design was utilized to focus on decreasing preoperative anxiety in 30 school-age children with the use of an iPad prep book before surgery on the day of surgery. Implementation of the project included administration of the Children's Anxiety Meter-State scale to patients to assess their level of anxiety. The iPad prep book was read to each participant by the researcher or child life specialist. To evaluate effectiveness of the iPad prep book, anxiety was reevaluated within 30 minutes of reading and discussing the iPad prep book.

Results
Data analysis utilized a one-sample t test to determine if changes in anxiety were statistically significant between preintervention and postintervention values. Children's (N = 30) anxiety scores were significantly decreased with iPad technology, t = −8.39, p < .05.

Conclusion
The use of iPad technology did positively improve preoperative anxiety in pediatric surgical patients.
The difference in endoscopic yield in patients with either iron-deficiency anemia or anemia with normal ferritin
Authors: Kwakman Judith A. , van Oostveen Catharina J. , van Stralen Karlijn J. , Cleeren Eva , Neerincx Maarten , van der Hulst René W.M. 
Published: December 2017

Objective
Current guidelines recommend a gastroduodenoscopy (GDS) and colonoscopy in patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). However, in daily practice, patients with nonferriprive anemia are also referred for endoscopy. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy and GDS in patients with IDA and non-IDA.

Patients and methods
A retrospective single-center cohort study was carried out from January 2013 till February 2016 that included 917 patients with anemia. We compared the endoscopic yield in patients with IDA versus patients with anemia otherwise. Multivariate regression analyses were carried out to identify predictive factors for the diagnostic yield of GDS and colonoscopy.

Results
The yield of both GDS (25%) and colonoscopy (30%) was comparable in IDA and non-IDA patients. However, in patients without known gastrointestinal medical history and without concomitant indications for endoscopy (N=373), the diagnostic yield of GDS was three times higher in IDA patients compared with non-IDA patients (P<0.01). The diagnostic yield for colonoscopy was not significantly different between the two groups. Age and sex were recurrent predictive variables in the outcome of both GDS and colonoscopies.

Conclusion
We recommend IDA as well as non-IDA as indications for GDS and colonoscopy. Only in patients without gastrointestinal history or localizing complaints a significant difference in the diagnostic yield is found between IDA and non-IDA patients. In this group, upper endoscopy can be omitted in non-IDA patients as they were three times less likely to have a bleeding source found on GDS compared with IDA patients.
The Effects of Known Cardioprotective Drugs on Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion From Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells
Authors: Haas Michael J. , Jurado-Flores Marilu , Hammoud Ramadan , Feng Victoria , Gonzales Krista , Onstead-Haas Luisa , Mooradian Arshag D. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetes is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of premature atherosclerosis. High-dextrose has been shown to induce both oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC).

Study Question:
To determine whether or not several classes of cardioprotective drugs inhibit proinflammatory cytokine expression by HCAEC.

Measures and Outcomes:
To determine the effects of high dextrose on expression of proinflammatory cytokines by HCAEC, cells were treated with either 5.5 mM or 27.5 mM dextrose for 24 hours and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α were measured by enzyme immunoassay in the presence or absence of known cardioprotective drugs, including select β-blockers, statins, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.

Results:
IL-1β levels increased significantly in cells treated with high dextrose; however, IL-6 and IL-8 levels did not change. Treatment of cells with carvedilol, atenolol, and propranolol decreased levels of all 3 cytokines in cells exposed to either 5.5 or 27.5 mM dextrose. Similar effects on IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were observed when cells were treated with simvastatin, pravastatin, and the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors spironolactone, captopril, lisinopril, candesartan, and losartan. No Il-2 or tumor necrosis factor α expression was observed in any of the experiments indicating that HCAEC do not express these cytokines.

Conclusions:
We conclude that each of the classes of drugs tested possess pleiotropic anti-inflammatory activities and are effective in both low- and high-dextrose–treated cells.
A Backward Walking Training Program to Improve Balance and Mobility in Acute Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rose Dorian K. , DeMark Lou , Fox Emily J. , Clark David J. , Wludyka Peter 
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose:
Strategies to address gait and balance deficits early poststroke are minimal. The postural and motor control requirements of Backward Walking Training (BWT) may provide benefits to improve balance and walking speed in this population. This pilot study (1) determined the feasibility of administering BWT during inpatient rehabilitation and (2) compared the effectiveness of BWT to Standing Balance Training (SBT) on walking speed, balance, and balance-related efficacy in acute stroke.

Methods:
Eighteen individuals 1-week poststroke were randomized to eight, 30-minute sessions of BWT or SBT in addition to scheduled therapy. Five-Meter Walk Test, 3-Meter Backward Walk Test, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Sensory Organization Test, and Function Independence Measure—Mobility were assessed pre- and postintervention and at 3 months poststroke.

Results:
Forward gait speed change (BWT: 0.75 m/s; SBT: 0.41 m/s), assessed by the 5-Meter Walk Test, and backward gait speed change (BWT: 0.53 m/s; SBT: 0.23 m/s), assessed by the 3-Meter Backward Walk Test, preintervention to 1-month retention were greater for BWT than for SBT (P < 0.05). Group difference effect size from preintervention to 1-month retention was large for Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, moderate for Berg Balance Scale and Function Independence Measure—Mobility, and small for Sensory Organization Test.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Individuals 1-week poststroke tolerated 30 min/d of additional therapy. At 1-month postintervention, BWT resulted in greater improvements in both forward and backward walking speed than SBT. Backward walking training is a feasible important addition to acute stroke rehabilitation. Future areas of inquiry should examine BWT as a preventative modality for future fall incidence.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A193).