bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare case of nephrocalcinosis in the distal tubules caused by hereditary renal hypouricaemia 3 months after kidney transplantation
Authors: Okabayashi Yusuke , Yamamoto Izumi , Komatsuzaki Yo , Niikura Takahito , Yamakawa Takafumi , Katsumata Haruki , Kawabe Mayuko , Katsuma Ai , Nakada Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Akimitsu , Koike Yusuke , Miki Jun , Yamada Hiroki , Tanno Yudo , Ohkido Ichiro , Tsuboi Nobuo , Ichida Kimiyoshi , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report a rare case of nephrocalcinosis caused by hereditary renal hypouricaemia 3 months after kidney transplantation. A 41‐year‐old man who underwent living‐related kidney transplantation from his father was admitted to our hospital for a protocol biopsy; he had a serum creatinine (S‐Cr) of 1.37 mg/dL and no proteinuria. Histologically, there was no evidence of rejection or calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, although scattered nephrocalcinosis was observed in the distal tubules. Perioperatively, the patient had a serum uric acid (S‐UA) of 1.9 mg/dL with a fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) of 29% (normal, <10%) and UA clearance of 26.8 mL/min (normal, 7.3–14.7 mL/min) 3 days after kidney transplantation. The donor also had a relatively low S‐UA of 2.4 mg/dL and high FEUA of 10.3%. Subsequent DNA direct sequencing followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed that both the recipient's and donor's urate transporter 1 (URAT1) gene had a heterozygous nonsense mutation in exon 5 (C889T). Further, the immunoreactivity of antibodies for the C terminus of URAT1 revealed a partial deletion. De Galantha and von Kossa staining revealed that the nephrocalcinosis was due to urate crystals and calcium stones. Therefore, we diagnosed hereditary renal hypouricaemia. We directed the patient to avoid hard exercise, drink plenty of water, and alkalize the urine. The 1‐year follow‐up allograft biopsy showed no evidence of nephrocalcinosis in the distal tubules. This is the first report of nephrocalcinosis in the distal tubules as a diagnostic clue to hereditary renal hypouricaemia. We also review the related literature.
Etiology of postanesthetic and postsedation events on the inpatient ward: data from a rapid response team at a tertiary care children's hospital
Authors: Barry N'Diris , M. Miller Karen , Ryshen Gregory , Uffman Joshua , Taghon Thomas A. , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe goal of this study was to identify the etiology of events and demographics of patients that experience complications requiring activation of the Rapid Response Team (RRT) during the first 24 h following anesthetic care.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of the Quality Improvement database from the Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital. The database was searched to identify those patients who had a RRT evaluation activated within 24 h of receiving anesthesia or procedural sedation. These patients' charts were reviewed to obtain demographic information, etiology of the RRT call, and outcomes.ResultsThe study cohort included 106 RRT calls that were made over a 3‐year period. Six patients were excluded from analysis due to incomplete datasets. One hundred patients remained for analysis including 60 males and 40 females. Patients ranged in age from 0.08 to 31.21 years (7.8 ± 7.7 years, median 5.3 years). Seventy‐one patients were American Society of Anesthesiologists' (ASA) status 3 or 4 and 29 patients were ASA status 1 or 2. Five calls were made for patients who had undergone procedural sedation while the other 95 were on patients who received general anesthesia. The average time to the RRT call after the end of anesthetic care was 11.4 ± 6.6 h. Respiratory concern was the most common reason for RRT initiation, accounting for 71 of the 100 calls. Forty‐nine patients had a recent respiratory illness, chronic respiratory‐related disease, or history of preterm birth. Fifty patients (50%) were transferred to a higher level of care following the RRT consult. There was no significant difference between age, gender, ASA status, or etiology of the event for patients transferred vs those who were not. A significant difference was noted in the Pediatric Early Warning Score of patients transferred to a higher level of care in comparison to patients who remained on the floor (4 ± 2 vs 3 ± 2, P = 0.0097).ConclusionRRT calls were most common for respiratory concerns. High ASA status, general anesthesia administration, and the presence of acute or chronic conditions prior to anesthetic administration predispose a patient to perioperative complications resulting in the need for an RRT call.
Hyaluronic acid dressing (Healoderm) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: A prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐center study
Authors: Lee Moses , Han Seung Hwan , Choi Woo Jin , Chung Kwang Ho , Lee Jin Woo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFast and complete healing of a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is challenging due to the hostile wound healing environment of the diabetic patients. As a part of a multimodal treatment approach, advanced dressing material using hyaluronic acid (HA) has been found to be effective. However, previous studies have used HA with additional biologics, which interferes in determining the true clinical effect of HA in DFU. To examine the sole effectiveness of HA in DFU treatment, a prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐center study was conducted using an HA dressing without additional substances. Thus, 34 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups (the study group: HA dressing material; the control group: conventional dressing material). During the 12‐week study period, complete ulcer healing rate was evaluated as a primary endpoint. Additionally, healing velocity and the mean duration for achieving a 50% ulcer size reduction was compared between the two groups as a secondary endpoint. At the end of the study, the study group presented a significantly higher complete healing rate as compared to that in the control group [84.6% (11/13), 41.6% (5/12), respectively,P = 0.041]. Additionally, faster ulcer healing velocity and shorter mean duration for achieving a 50% ulcer size reduction were observed in the study group (P = 0.022 and 0.004, respectively). The Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis for the median time for 50% ulcer healing rate also showed a significantly shorter duration in the study group (21 days vs. 39 days,P = 0.0127). Finally, there were no adverse events related to the dressing materials used in the study. As a major component of the extracellular matrix, this study supports the safety and efficacy of a pure HA dressing without additional substances in treating DFU.
SOLITON MODE-LOCKED GENERATION BASED ON ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER LASER EMBEDDED WITH SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AS SATURABLE ABSORBER
Authors: Muhammad Ahmad Razif , Wadi Harun Sulaiman , Haris Hazlihan , Arof Hamzah 
Published: March 2016

Soliton mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was experimentally demonstrated. In this work, SWCNTs was prepared by embedding into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a saturable absorber. The laser generates a soliton pulse, which operates at 1570 nm region without any additional spectral filter as a 980 nm pump power is increased above the threshold value of 60 mW. The output solitons have a pulse duration of 0.7 ps with a repetition rate of 18.98 MHz. At pump power of 130 mW, the pulse energy and peak power are approximately 0.032 nJ and 43 W.
Following-Up on Uncertain Environmental Assessment Predictions: The Case of Offshore Oil Projects and Seabirds Off Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Fraser G. S. , Russell J. 
Published: March 2016

Environmental assessments (EAs) predict project environmental effects with varying degrees of certainty. Articulating prediction uncertainty and linking it to EA follow-up is a best practice for reducing uncertainty. This study examines predictions from Canadian oil projects off Newfoundland and Labrador between 1985 and 2012 concerning seabirds, the valued ecosystem component identified as the most vulnerable to oil exploitation in an area frequented by millions of migratory birds. We asked if these EA predictions: (a) reported uncertainty ratings; (b) for those reporting medium and high uncertainty ratings whether the predictions were addressed by EA follow-up; and (c) if prediction uncertainty was reduced by EA follow-up and reflected in subsequent EAs. Prediction uncertainty reporting was rare and uncertainties were not resolved through EA follow-up. Assumptions of negligible or low environmental effects on seabirds off Newfoundland and Labrador from offshore oil and gas extraction have been supported through decades by sustaining uncertainty.
Shadow Kernels
Authors: Chick Oliver R.A. , Carata Lucian , Snee James , Balakrishnan Nikilesh , Sohan Ripduman 
Published: March 2016

Existing operating systems share a common kernel text section amongst all processes. It is not possible to perform kernel specialization or tuning such that different applications execute text optimized for their kernel use despite the benefits of kernel specialization for performance guided optimization, exokernels, kernel fastpaths, and cheaper hardware access. Current specialization primitives involve system wide changes to kernel text, which can have adverse effects on other processes sharing the kernel due to the global side-effects.
We present shadow kernels: a primitive that allows multiple kernel text sections to coexist in a contemporary operating system. By remapping kernel virtual memory on a context-switch, or for individual system calls, we specialize the kernel on a fine-grained basis. Our implementation of shadow kernels uses the Xen hypervisor so can be applied to any operating system that runs on Xen.
ASIRI: An Ocean–Atmosphere Initiative for Bay of Bengal
Authors: Wijesekera Hemantha W. , Shroyer Emily , Tandon Amit , Ravichandran M. , Sengupta Debasis , Jinadasa S. U. P. , Fernando Harindra J. S. , Agrawal Neeraj , Arulananthan K. , Bhat G. S. , Baumgartner Mark , Buckley Jared , Centurioni Luca , Conry Patrick , Farrar J. Thomas , Gordon Arnold L. , Hormann Verena , Jarosz Ewa , Jensen Tommy G. , Johnston Shaun , Lankhorst Matthias , Lee Craig M. , Leo Laura S. , Lozovatsky Iossif , Lucas Andrew J. , Mackinnon Jennifer , Mahadevan Amala , Nash Jonathan , Omand Melissa M. , Pham Hieu , Pinkel Robert , Rainville Luc , Ramachandran Sanjiv , Rudnick Daniel L. , Sarkar Sutanu , Send Uwe , Sharma Rashmi , Simmons Harper , Stafford Kathleen M. , St. Laurent Louis , Venayagamoorthy Karan , Venkatesan Ramasamy , Teague William J. , Wang David W. , Waterhouse Amy F. , Weller Robert , Whalen Caitlin B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAir–Sea Interactions in the Northern Indian Ocean (ASIRI) is an international research effort (2013–17) aimed at understanding and quantifying coupled atmosphere–ocean dynamics of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) with relevance to Indian Ocean monsoons. Working collaboratively, more than 20 research institutions are acquiring field observations coupled with operational and high-resolution models to address scientific issues that have stymied the monsoon predictability. ASIRI combines new and mature observational technologies to resolve submesoscale to regional-scale currents and hydrophysical fields. These data reveal BoB’s sharp frontal features, submesoscale variability, low-salinity lenses and filaments, and shallow mixed layers, with relatively weak turbulent mixing. Observed physical features include energetic high-frequency internal waves in the southern BoB, energetic mesoscale and submesoscale features including an intrathermocline eddy in the central BoB, and a high-resolution view of the exchange along the periphery of Sri Lanka, which includes the 100-km-wide East India Coastal Current (EICC) carrying low-salinity water out of the BoB and an adjacent, broad northward flow (∼300 km wide) that carries high-salinity water into BoB during the northeast monsoon. Atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) observations during the decaying phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) permit the study of multiscale atmospheric processes associated with non-MJO phenomena and their impacts on the marine boundary layer. Underway analyses that integrate observations and numerical simulations shed light on how air–sea interactions control the ABL and upper-ocean processes.
Influence of Climate Variability on Extreme Ocean Surface Wave Heights Assessed from ERA-Interim and ERA-20C
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Min Seung-Ki , Weller Evan , Lee Hansu , Wang Xiaolan L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExtreme ocean surface wave heights significantly affect coastal structures and offshore activities and impact many vulnerable populations of low-lying islands. Therefore, better understanding of ocean wave height variability plays an important role in potentially reducing risk in such regions. In this study, global impacts of natural climate variability such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) on extreme significant wave height (SWH) are analyzed using ERA-Interim (1980–2014) and ECMWF twentieth-century reanalysis (ERA-20C; 1952–2010) datasets for December–February (DJF). The nonstationary generalized extreme value (GEV) analysis is used to determine the influence of natural climate variability on DJF maxima of SWH (Hmax), wind speed (Wmax), and mean sea level pressure gradient amplitude (Gmax). The major ENSO influence on Hmax is found over the northeastern North Pacific (NP), with increases during El Niño and decreases during La Niña, and its counter responses are observed in coastal regions of the western NP, which are consistently observed in both Wmax and Gmax responses. The Hmax response to the PDO occurs over similar regions in the NP as those associated with ENSO but with much weaker amplitude. Composite analysis of different ENSO and PDO phase combinations reveals stronger (weaker) influences when both variability modes are of the same (opposite) phase. Furthermore, significant NAO influence on Hmax, Wmax, and Gmax is observed throughout Icelandic and Azores regions in relation to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. Overall, the response of extreme SWH to natural climate variability modes is consistent with seasonal mean responses.
Impact of Ural Blocking on Winter Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasian Anomalies. Part I: Blocking-Induced Amplification
Authors: Luo Dehai , Xiao Yiqing , Yao Yao , Dai Aiguo , Simmonds Ian , Franzke Christian L. E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn Part I of this study, the impact of Ural blocking (UB) on the warm Arctic–cold Eurasian (WACE) pattern associated with the winter (DJF) arctic sea ice loss during 1979–2013 is examined by dividing the arctic sea ice reduction region into two dominant subregions: the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS) and the North American high-latitude (NAH) region (Baffin and Hudson Bay, Davis Strait, and Labrador Sea). It is found that atmospheric response to arctic sea ice loss resembles a negative Arctic response oscillation with a dominant positive height anomaly over the Eurasian subarctic region. Regression analyses of the two subregions further show that the sea ice loss over the BKS corresponds to the UB pattern together with a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) and is followed by a WACE anomaly, while the sea ice reduction in the NAH region corresponds to a negative NAO (NAO−) pattern with a cold anomaly over northern Eurasia.Further analyses reveal that the UB pattern is more persistent during the period 2000–13 (P2) than 1979–99 (P1) because of the reduced middle-to-high-latitude mean westerly winds over Eurasia associated with the intense BKS warming. During P2 the establishment of the UB becomes a slow process because of the role of the BKS warming, while its decay is slightly rapid. In the presence of the long-lived UB that often occurs with the NAO+, the BKS-warming-induced DJF-mean anticyclonic anomaly is intensified and widened and then expands southward during P2 to amplify the WACE pattern and induce the southward displacement of its cold anomaly and the further loss of the BKS sea ice. Thus, midlatitude Eurasian cold events should be more frequent as the sea ice loss continues over the BKS.
The Role of Moist Intrusions in Winter Arctic Warming and Sea Ice Decline
Authors: Woods Cian , Caballero Rodrigo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper examines the trajectories followed by intense intrusions of moist air into the Arctic polar region during autumn and winter and their impact on local temperature and sea ice concentration. It is found that the vertical structure of the warming associated with moist intrusions is bottom amplified, corresponding to a transition of local conditions from a “cold clear” state with a strong inversion to a “warm opaque” state with a weaker inversion. In the marginal sea ice zone of the Barents Sea, the passage of an intrusion also causes a retreat of the ice margin, which persists for many days after the intrusion has passed. The authors find that there is a positive trend in the number of intrusion events crossing 70°N during December and January that can explain roughly 45% of the surface air temperature and 30% of the sea ice concentration trends observed in the Barents Sea during the past two decades.
Exploring the Pullback Attractors of a Low-Order Quasigeostrophic Ocean Model: The Deterministic Case
Authors: Pierini Stefano , Ghil Michael , Chekroun Mickael D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA low-order quasigeostrophic double-gyre ocean model is subjected to an aperiodic forcing that mimics time dependence dominated by interdecadal variability. This model is used as a prototype of an unstable and nonlinear dynamical system with time-dependent forcing to explore basic features of climate change in the presence of natural variability. The study relies on the theoretical framework of nonautonomous dynamical systems and of their pullback attractors (PBAs), that is, of the time-dependent invariant sets attracting all trajectories initialized in the remote past. The existence of a global PBA is rigorously demonstrated for this weakly dissipative nonlinear model. Ensemble simulations are carried out and the convergence to PBAs is assessed by computing the probability density function (PDF) of localization of the trajectories. A sensitivity analysis with respect to forcing amplitude shows that the PBAs experience large modifications if the underlying autonomous system is dominated by small-amplitude limit cycles, while less dramatic changes occur in a regime characterized by large-amplitude relaxation oscillations. The dependence of the attracting sets on the choice of the ensemble of initial states is then analyzed. Two types of basins of attraction coexist for certain parameter ranges; they contain chaotic and nonchaotic trajectories, respectively. The statistics of the former does not depend on the initial states whereas the trajectories in the latter converge to small portions of the global PBA. This complex scenario requires separate PDFs for chaotic and nonchaotic trajectories. General implications for climate predictability are finally discussed.
Upslope Internal-Wave Stokes Drift, and Compensating Downslope Eulerian Mean Currents, Observed above a Lakebed
Authors: Henderson Stephen M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn a small lake, where flows were dominated by internal waves with 10–32-h period, slow but persistent mean transport of water over many wave periods was examined. Acoustic Doppler profilers (ADPs) and a vertical string of temperature loggers were deployed where the lower thermocline intersected the sloping lakebed. Near (<1 m above) the bed, internal waves, coherent with a lakewide seiche, propagated upslope at ~0.023 m s−1. Near-bed wave-induced water velocity fluctuations had a standard deviation of <0.02 m s−1. Near the surface, velocity fluctuations had similar magnitude, but lateral wave propagation was unclear. Averaged over many wave periods, the near-bed Eulerian velocity flowed downslope at ~0.01 m s−1, and was roughly cancelled by an upslope internal-wave Stokes drift (estimated by assuming that weakly nonlinear waves propagated without change of form). To examine net transport, while relaxing approximations used to estimate the Stokes drift, the observed temperature range (9°–25°C) was divided into 0.5°C increments, and the depth-integrated, wave-averaged flux of water in each temperature class was calculated. The coldest (near-bed) water was slowly transported onshore, opposite the Eulerian mean velocity. Onshore flux of warm near-surface water was comparable to an Eulerian-mean flux, indicating minimal near-surface Stokes drift. Intermediate water, from the middle of the water column and the outer boundary layer, was transported offshore by an offshore Stokes drift. The downslope near-bed Eulerian mean velocity, together with intensification of mean stratification within 0.4 m of the bed, may enhance boundary layer mixing.
Common respiratory conditions of the newborn
Authors: Gallacher David J. , Hart Kylie , Kotecha Sailesh 
Published: March 2016

Key pointsRespiratory distress is a common presenting feature among newborn infants.Prompt investigation to ascertain the underlying diagnosis and appropriate subsequent management is important to improve outcomes.Many of the underlying causes of respiratory distress in a newborn are unique to this age group.A chest radiograph is crucial to assist in diagnosis of an underlying cause.Educational aimsTo inform readers of the common respiratory problems encountered in neonatology and the evidence-based management of these conditions.To enable readers to develop a framework for diagnosis of an infant with respiratory distress.The first hours and days of life are of crucial importance for the newborn infant as the infant adapts to the extra-uterine environment. The newborn infant is vulnerable to a range of respiratory diseases, many unique to this period of early life as the developing fluid-filled fetal lungs adapt to the extrauterine environment. The clinical signs of respiratory distress are important to recognise and further investigate, to identify the underlying cause. The epidemiology, diagnostic features and management of common neonatal respiratory conditions are covered in this review article aimed at all healthcare professionals who come into contact with newborn infants.
Bedside myocardial perfusion assessment with contrast echocardiography
Authors: Orde Sam , McLean Anthony 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency medicine 2016. Other selected articles can be found online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2016. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Emerging Concepts in Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Maxwell Cory , Konoske Ryan , Mark Jonathan 
Published: March 2016

Introduced in 1977, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) offered imaging through a new acoustic window sitting directly behind the heart, allowing improved evaluation of many cardiac conditions. Shortly thereafter, TEE was applied to the intraoperative environment, as investigators quickly recognized that continuous cardiac evaluation and monitoring during surgery, particularly cardiac operations, were now possible. Among the many applications for perioperative TEE, this review will focus on four recent advances: three-dimensional TEE imaging, continuous TEE monitoring in the intensive care unit, strain imaging, and assessment of diastolic ventricular function.