bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of circuit albumin coating on coagulation and inflammatory response for patients receiving aortic arch replacement: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Liang , Lv Lin , Long Cun , Lou Song 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To investigate whether human serum albumin coating before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) could improve platelet function and hemostasis and mitigate the inflammatory response among patients receiving aortic arch replacement with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Methods: Sixty patients were included and randomized into two groups: the Control Group (CG, receiving 40 g human albumin 5 minutes after the initiation of CPB) and the Study Group (SG, circulating the prime with 40 g albumin for 5 minutes before CPB). Rapid thromboelastography, complete blood count, coagulation tests and cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and PAF) were measured at two intervals: after anesthesia induction and before CPB (T1) and 10 minutes after heparin reversal before any blood product transfusion (T2). Results: Compared with T1, the fibrinogen and MA levels in both groups reduced significantly after heparin reversal and fell within the normal range for most patients. The platelet count reduction (ΔPLT) in the Study Group was significantly less than in the Control Group (p=0.031). Despite the inflammatory factor levels increasing after CPB (p<0.001), no differences were found between the Control Group and the Study Group. Fewer red blood cells were given in the Study Group, but this was not significant (p=0.05). Conclusion: Most patients receiving aortic arch replacement with DHCA have normal platelet function and fibrinogen levels after heparin reversal. Albumin coating before CPB may mitigate the platelet count reduction, but not platelet dysfunction. There is a trend that the patients treated with albumin coating received less red blood cell transfusions.
Depiction of microglial activation in aging and dementia: Positron emission tomography with [11C]DPA713 versus [11C](R)PK11195
Authors: Yokokura Masamichi , Terada Tatsuhiro , Bunai Tomoyasu , Nakaizumi Kyoko , Takebayashi Kiyokazu , Iwata Yasuhide , Yoshikawa Etsuji , Futatsubashi Masami , Suzuki Katsuaki , Mori Norio , Ouchi Yasuomi 
Published: April 2016

The presence of activated microglia in the brains of healthy elderly people is a matter of debate. We aimed to clarify the degree of microglial activation in aging and dementia as revealed by different tracers by comparing the binding potential (BPND) in various brain regions using a first-generation translocator protein (TSPO) tracer [11C]( R)PK11195 and a second-generation tracer [11C]DPA713. The BPND levels, estimated using simplified reference tissue models, were compared among healthy young and elderly individuals and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and were correlated with clinical scores. An analysis of variance showed category-dependent elevation in levels of [11C]DPA713 BPND in all brain regions and showed a significant increase in the AD group, whereas no significant changes among groups were found when [11C]( R)PK11195 BPND was used. Cognito-mnemonic scores were significantly correlated with [11C]DPA713 BPND levels in many brain regions, whereas [11C]( R)PK11195 BPND failed to correlate with the scores. As mentioned elsewhere, the present results confirmed that the second-generation TSPO tracer [11C]DPA713 has a greater sensitivity to TSPO in both aging and neuronal degeneration than [11C]( R)PK11195. Positron emission tomography with [11C]DPA713 is suitable for the delineation of in vivo microglial activation occurring globally over the cerebral cortex irrespective of aging and degeneration.
Return to Golfing Activity After Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Papaliodis Dean N. , Photopoulos Christos D. , Mehran Nima , Banffy Michael B. , Tibone James E. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Many patients who are considering total joint arthroplasty, including hip, knee, and shoulder replacement, are concerned with their likelihood of returning to golf postoperatively as well as the effect that surgery will have on their game. Purpose: To review the existing literature on patients who have undergone major joint arthroplasty (hip, knee, and shoulder), to examine the effects of surgery on performance in golf, and to provide surgeon recommendations as related to participation in golf after surgery. A brief review of the history and biomechanics of the golf swing is also provided. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature in the online Medline database, evaluating articles that contained the terms “golf” and “arthroplasty.” Additionally, a web-based search evaluating clinical practice recommendations after joint arthroplasty was performed. The research was reviewed, and objective and anecdotal guidelines were formulated. Results: Total joint arthroplasty provided an improvement in pain during golfing activity, and most patients were able to return to sport with variable improvements in sport-specific outcomes. Conclusion: In counseling patients regarding the return to golf after joint arthroplasty, it is our opinion, on the basis of our experience and those reported from others in the literature, that golfers undergoing total hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty can safely return to sport.
Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro cytocompatibility of Ga-bioactive glass/polymer hydrogel composites
Authors: Keenan TJ , Placek LM , Keenan NL , Hall MM , Wren AW 
Published: April 2016

A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40– x)ZnO-( x)Ga2O3) was incorporated in carboxymethyl cellulose–dextran hydrogels at three different loadings (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25 m2), and the resulting composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, physical swelling characteristics, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. In vitro cytocompatibility was also evaluated for composite extracts in contact with L-929 mouse fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 human osteoblasts. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that glass particles were distributed throughout the hydrogels, and swelling studies showed that glass presence can increase the amount of fluid that can be absorbed by the hydrogels after seven days of immersion in phosphate-buffered saline by up to 180%. Several trends were observed in the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy data, with the most important being the release of Ga3+ from both Ga-containing glasses at all three loadings, with a maximum of 4.7 mg/L released after 30 days of incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. Cell viability analysis suggested that most composite extracts did not decrease neither fibroblast nor osteoblast viability. These results indicate that it is possible to embed bioactive glass particles into carboxymethyl cellulose–dextran hydrogels, and upon submersion in aqueous media, release ions from the glass particles that may elicit therapeutic effects.
A framework for visual communication at Nature
Authors: Krause Kelly 
Published: April 2016

The scientific journal Nature, published weekly since 1869, serves as an excellent case study in visual communication. While journals are becoming increasingly specialist, Nature remains firmly multidisciplinary; and unlike many scientific journals, it contains original journalism, opinion pieces, and expert analysis in addition to peer-reviewed research papers. This variety of content types–covering an extensive range of scientific disciplines–translates into a wide and varied audience, and the need to employ an equally wide variety of communication styles. For example, a research paper may employ technical language to communicate to a highly specialized audience in that field, whereas a news story on the same subject will explain the science to an educated lay audience, often adding a wider context and stripping out acronyms. Each type of piece will use a communication approach tailored for its intended audience. This is true for visual content as well: the intended audience of a scientific figure, illustration or data visualization will determine the design approach to that visual. At Nature, given the high volume of content plus high quality standards, this process is applied in a fairly systematic way, using a framework to guide creative decision-making. That framework is described here, along with a discussion of best practices for the design of research figures and graphics by context.
Impacts of anti-nerve growth factor antibody on pain-related behaviors and expressions of opioid receptor in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia of rats with cancer-induced bone pain
Authors: Yao Peng , Ding Yuanyuan , Wang Zhibin , Ma Jiaming , Hong Tao , Zhu Yongqiang , Li Hongxi , Pan Shinong 
Published: April 2016

Objective To investigate the impacts of anti-nerve growth factor antibody on pain-related behaviors and expressions of μ-opioid receptor in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia of rats with cancer-induced bone pain. Methods The rats were randomly grouped and then injected with 10 μl of phosphate buffer saline or Walker256 tumor cells into the upper segment of left tibia. Thirteen days after the injection, the intrathecal catheterization was performed, followed by the injection of saline, anti-nerve growth factor, nerve growth factor, and naloxone twice a day. The pain ethological changes were measured at the set time points; the expression changes of μ-opioid receptor protein and mRNA in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia were detected on the 18th day. Results After the tumor cells were injected into the tibia, hyperalgesia appeared and the expression of μ-opioid receptor protein and mRNA in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia was increased, compared with the sham group; after intrathecally injected anti-nerve growth factor, the significant antinociceptive effects appeared, and the μ-opioid receptor expression was increased, compared with the cancer pain group; the μ-opioid receptor expressions in the other groups showed no statistical significance. The naloxone pretreatment could mostly inverse the antinociception effects of anti-nerve growth factor. Conclusions Anti-nerve growth factor could reduce hyperalgesia in the cancer-induced bone pain rats, and the antinociceptive effects were related with the upregulation of μ-opioid receptor.
Extracellular vesicles released by CD40/IL-4–stimulated CLL cells confer altered functional properties to CD4+ T cells
Authors: Smallwood Dawn T. , Apollonio Benedetta , Willimott Shaun , Lezina Larissa , Alharthi Afaf , Ambrose Ashley R. , De Rossi Giulia , Ramsay Alan G. , Wagner Simon D. 
Published: April 2016

Key Points
CD40/IL-4–stimulated CLL cells release EVs enriched with specific miRNAs including miR-363. Transfer of CLL-EVs to autologous CD4+ T cells enhances migration and immune synapse formation interactions with tumor cells.
ITD assembler: an algorithm for internal tandem duplication discovery from short-read sequencing data
Authors: Rustagi Navin , Hampton Oliver A , Li Jie , Xi Liu , Gibbs Richard A. , Plon Sharon E. , Kimmel Marek , Wheeler David A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Detection of tandem duplication within coding exons, referred to as internal tandem duplication (ITD), remains challenging due to inefficiencies in alignment of ITD-containing reads to the reference genome. There is a critical need to develop efficient methods to recover these important mutational events.

Results
In this paper we introduce ITD Assembler, a novel approach that rapidly evaluates all unmapped and partially mapped reads from whole exome NGS data using a De Bruijn graphs approach to select reads that harbor cycles of appropriate length, followed by assembly using overlap-layout-consensus. We tested ITD Assembler on The Cancer Genome Atlas AML dataset as a truth set. ITD Assembler identified the highest percentage of reported FLT3-ITDs when compared to other ITD detection algorithms, and discovered additional ITDs in FLT3, KIT, CEBPA, WT1 and other genes. Evidence of polymorphic ITDs in 54 genes were also found. Novel ITDs were validated by analyzing the corresponding RNA sequencing data.

Conclusions
ITD Assembler is a very sensitive tool which can detect partial, large and complex tandem duplications. This study highlights the need to more effectively look for ITD’s in other cancers and Mendelian diseases.
Cerebrospinal fluid soluble TREM2 in aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Henjum Kristi , Almdahl Ina S. , Årskog Vibeke , Minthon Lennart , Hansson Oskar , Fladby Tormod , Nilsson Lars N. G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology is associated with neuroinflammation, but there are few useful biomarkers. Mutant variants of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) have recently been linked to late-onset AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. TREM2, a microglial receptor, is involved in innate immunity. A cleaved fragment, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), is present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods
We developed and used a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate the potential value of CSF sTREM2 as an AD biomarker in two independent cohorts: an AD/mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/control cohort (n = 100) and an AD/control cohort (n = 50).

Results
We found no significant difference in sTREM2 levels between groups of controls and patients with AD or MCI. However, among all controls there was a positive correlation between sTREM2 and age (Spearman rho = 0.50; p < 0.001; n = 75). In the AD/MCI/control cohort, CSF sTREM2 correlated positively with total Tau (T-tau) (Spearman rho 0.57; p < 0.001; n = 50), phosphorylated Tau (P-tau) (Spearman rho 0.63; p < 0.001; n = 50) and amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ42) (Spearman rho 0.35; p = 0.01; n = 50) in control subjects. Among controls with a CSF Aβ42 above a cut-off value (700 pg/ml) in this cohort, the positive correlation between sTREM2 and Aβ42 was stronger (Spearman rho = 0.44; p = 0.002; n = 46).

Conclusions
sTREM2 in CSF correlates with aging in controls, and with the neurodegenerative markers CSF T-tau/P-tau among controls who are negative for AD CSF core biomarkers Aβ42, T-tau or P-tau.
Complete genome sequences of Geobacillus sp. WCH70, a thermophilic strain isolated from wood compost
Authors: Brumm Phillip J. , Land Miriam L. , Mead David A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGeobacillus sp. WCH70 was one of several thermophilic organisms isolated from hot composts in the Middleton, WI area. Comparison of 16 S rRNA sequences showed the strain may be a new species, and is most closely related to G. galactosidasius and G. toebii. The genome was sequenced, assembled, and annotated by the DOE Joint Genome Institute and deposited at the NCBI in December 2009 (CP001638). The genome of Geobacillus species WCH70 consists of one circular chromosome of 3,893,306 bp with an average G + C content of 43 %, and two circular plasmids of 33,899 and 10,287 bp with an average G + C content of 40 %. Among sequenced organisms, Geobacillus sp. WCH70 shares highest Average Nucleotide Identity (86 %) with G. thermoglucosidasius strains, as well as similar genome organization. Geobacillus sp. WCH70 appears to be a highly adaptable organism, with an exceptionally high 125 annotated transposons in the genome. The organism also possesses four predicted restriction-modification systems not found in other Geobacillus species.
Ψηφιακή Πολιτειότητα και Εκπαίδευση. Η ιδιότητα του πολίτη σήμερα: εννοιολογήσεις και προβληματισμοί
Authors: Μαρινάκη Μαρία 
Published: April 2016

Η σύγχρονη ιστορία του Ανθρώπου ξεδιπλώνεται καθώς γράφεται πάνω σε δύο βασικούς άξονες που σχεδόν μονοπωλούν το σχετικό λόγο στις κύριες πτυχές του: παγκοσμιοποίηση και σύγχρονες τεχνολογίες. Η ιδιότητά του ατόμου ως ενεργό, συνεπές και υπεύθυνο υποκείμενο στα πλαίσια μιας διευρυμένης, καθότι παγκοσμιοποιημένης, κοινωνίας φωτίζει, επαναδομεί και αναδομεί το περιεχόμενο της πολιτειακής του οντότητας. Ο σημερινός Άνθρωπος είναι ο (ενεργός) πολίτης του Κόσμου, μιας μη-περιοριστικής μορφής Πολιτείας που διαχέεται και διαστέλλεται στο χωρο-χρόνο, αναπτύσσεται δυναμικά και πολυδιάστατα, δημιουργώντας νέες συνθήκες μέσα στις οποίες Αυτός (το υποκείμενο/πολίτης) εξελίσσεται. Οφείλοντας (ως πολίτης) εξ ορισμού να ανταποκριθεί ορθολογικά, με σεβασμό, σύνεση και υπευθυνότητα σε ένα εξόχως ανομοιογενές και ετερόκλητο, πλέον, πλέγμα σχέσεων, διασφαλίζει την αρμονική του ‘συμβίωση’ (ως κοινωνικό ον) εντός και εκτός πραγματικών όρων και πλαισίων, με τον κυβερνοχώρο να συνιστά και να λειτουργεί ως μια παράλληλη διάσταση της σύγχρονης Πολιτείας. Η νέα μορφή πολιτειότητας ακολουθεί κατά πόδας τις επιταγές (και ανάγκες) της ψηφιακής εποχής, διαμορφώνοντας ένα εξελιγμένο πλαίσιο εννοιολογήσεων εντός του οποίου καλείται ο σύγχρονος πολίτης, με την εκπαίδευση ως το πιο ενδεδειγμένο μέσο ενίσχυσης της ταυτότητάς του, να βρει το δρόμο του μέσα από τις πολύπλοκες και ενίοτε αποπροσανατολιστικές ατραπούς που ορίζει η τεχνολογική πρόοδος και εξέλιξη, αποφεύγοντας τις Σειρήνες και τα παραπλανητικά θέλγητρα ενός σύγχρονου (κι ενίοτε α-σύγχρονου) σύμπαντος λόγων.
Innovation through i2Flex: The Transformation of a Classic in the Humanities Program
Authors: Jasonides Kathleen , Karvouniaris Janet , Zavacopoulou Amalia 
Published: April 2016

Innovative since its inception, the ACS Honors Humanities program has a long history of more than 40 years as an interdisciplinary team-taught course that examines essential questions through literature, visual and performing arts, philosophy and history. This innovative approach has continued to motivate successive teaching teams to modify and enhance a program that challenges students academically, utilizing the best possible resources and taking advantage of new technology. In this article, we present one in-depth case study where we explain how we transformed the Honors Humanities course from Face To Face to i2Flex. We will describe and present examples of how we redesigned the course format and presentation, learning activities and assessment. We present data on student feedback and our findings regarding the benefits and challenges of adopting the i2Flex methodology for this course.
Training palliative care: a study of public and private institutions in Kenya
Authors: Cheptum Joyce , Chemuttai Siongei Viola , Nyambane Dennis , Chelagat Dinah 
Published: April 2016

Background: Globally, life-threatening diseases are on the rise, indicating the need for palliative care, an approach of ensuring quality of life for the patient and his or her family. Education and training is one of the ways of ensuring staff competency in providing palliative care. Aims: This study sought to explore challenges faced by both public and private faith-based training institutions offering palliative care. Methods: This was a qualitative study in both public and private training institutions, which were selected randomly. Six institutions were selected for the study. One palliative care trainer in each institution was interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Information was recorded, transcribed and thematic analysis was done. Data were presented in the form of narration. Results: Many institutions had incorporated palliative care into their curricula. However, these institutions faced challenges, including few allocated hours and few members of staff trained in palliative care. Clinical area employees were not well equipped with knowledge on palliative care. Conclusion: Challenges exist in both public and private institutions. Institutions should allow for more training hours in palliative care.
TWO NEW RECORDS OF ANTHIINE FISHES GENUS PLECTRANTHIAS (PERCIFORMES: SERRANIDAE) FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Peristiwady Teguh , Makatipu Petrus Ch. , Satrioajie Widhya Nugroho , Wibowo Kunto 
Published: April 2016

Three specimens of Plectranthias retrofasciatus Fourmanoir and Randall, 1979 and one specimen of P. randalliÂ Fourmanoir and Rivaton, 1980 were collected by first author from fish market, Bitung, North Sulawesi on JuneÂ and September 2010. The specimens were deposited at LBRC-F, the reference collection of LIPI Bitung, TechnicalÂ Implementation Unit for Marine Biota Conservation, Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute ofÂ Sciences, Bitung, Indonesia. Plectranthias retrofasciatus is closely related to P. megalophthalmus and P. knappi,Â in sharing some morphological characters as snout length and interorbital width, while P. randalli differs to otherÂ species by having a moderate deep body proportion. Initially these species known only from New Caledonia for P.Â retrofasciatus and Chesterfield Islands and southern Taiwan for P. randalli respectively. The two species of anthiineÂ fishes collected from Bitung, Indonesia bringing the total number of species of this genus known in Indonesia to six.
Aptamer-modified polymer nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Modrejewski Julia , Walter Johanna-Gabriela , Kretschmer Imme , Kemal Evren , Green Mark , Belhadj Hamza , Blume Cornelia , Scheper Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a model system for targeted drug delivery. This system should enable targeted drug release at a certain tissue in the body. In conventional drug delivery systems, drugs are often delivered unspecifically resulting in unwarranted adverse effects. To circumvent this problem, there is an increasing demand for the development of intelligent drug delivery systems allowing a tissue-specific mode of delivery. Within this study, nanoparticles consisting of two biocompatible polymers are used. Because of their small size, nanoparticles are well-suited for effective drug delivery. The small size affects their movement through cell and tissue barriers. Their cellular uptake is easier when compared to larger drug delivery systems. Paclitaxel was encapsulated into the nanoparticles as a model drug, and to achieve specific targeting an aptamer directed against lung cancer cells was coupled to the nanoparticles surface. Nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nanotracking analysis (NTA). Also their surface charge was characterized from ζ-potential measurements. Their preparation was optimized and subsequently specificity of drug-loaded and aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles was investigated using lung cancer cells.
Estimates of accuracy of the Poisson approximation for the distribution of number of runs of long string repetitions in a Markov chain
Authors: Mikhaylov Vladimir G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLetX0,X1, … be a simple ergodic Markov chain with a finite set of states andξ̃n, k(s) be a number of runs ofk-fold repetitions of strings having lengths. Estimates of accuracy of the Poisson approximation for the distribution ofξn, k(s) in the sequenceX0,X1, …,Xn+s−1are obtained, these estimates are uniform overk.
Analysis of the open-hole compressive strength of spruce
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroshi , Ataka Naoki , Maruta Makoto 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Open-hole compression tests on Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) were conducted, and the effect of the hole notch on the compressive strength has been investigated. A circular hole was cut at the centre of the longitudinal (R)-radial (R) plane. A compression load was applied to the specimen along the L or R direction, and the nominal stress at the onset of nonlinearity and the nominal compressive strength were obtained. In the test, the diameter of the hole was varied, and the effect of the diameter was analysed based on point stress criterion (PSC). It was revealed that the notch sensitivity of Sitka spruce was not so significant, and this tendency was more pronounced for the compressive strength in the R direction than in the L direction. Despite the notch insensitivity, however, the open-hole compressive strength could be predicted appropriately by the PSC.