bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Topographic Modulation of Large-Scale Eddying Flows
Authors: Radko Timour , Kamenkovich Igor 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe modulation of large-scale eddying flows by gentle variation in topography is examined using a combination of direct numerical simulations and theoretical arguments. The basic state is represented by a laterally uniform zonal current that is restricted to the upper layer of a baroclinically unstable quasigeostrophic two-layer system. Therefore, the observed topographically induced generation of large-scale patterns is attributed entirely to the action of mesoscale eddies. The parameter regime investigated in this study is not conducive to the spontaneous formation of stationary zonal jets. The interaction between the large-scale current, eddies, and topography is described using an asymptotic multiscale model. The ability of the model to explicitly represent the interaction between distinct flow components makes it possible to unambiguously interpret the essential dynamics of the topographic/eddy-induced modulation. The multiscale solutions obtained reflect the balance between the modification of the meridional fluxes of potential vorticity (PV) due to the variation in topography and the corresponding modification of PV fluxes due to the induced large-scale circulation. The predictions of the asymptotic theory are successfully tested by comparing to the ones obtained by direct numerical simulations.
Italian and World Poetry in Benigni's and Cerami's the Tiger and the Snow
Authors: Testa Carlo 
Published: July 2017

In the published screenplay of The Tiger and the Snow (2005), the two authors, Roberto Benigni and Vincenzo Cerami, call our attention to their film's literary background by indicating the dozens of Italian and world poets they have quoted or directly drawn upon. In so doing, they close a narrow technico-philological problem, and open up for discussion a space beyond it with much broader intellectual, cultural and political implications. The article broaches a general assessment of such complex issues in the light that The Tiger and the Snow casts on them; then, focusing more closely on the litcrature-and-film question, debates just what kind of literature — specifically, what kind of poetry — seems to be most in favor with today's mainstream Italian intelligentsiia; and it closes by proposing some thoughts about the reasons why, despite embodying to perfection the prevalent literary canon just alluded to, The Tiger and the Snow has been received outside Italy with considerably less enthusiasm than the two author's previous Academy Award winner, Life is Beautiful.
Bilateral Trade and Investment between India and China
Authors: Nag Biswajit , Chatterjee Rittwik 
Published: July 2017

The paper focuses on bilateral strategic cooperation between India and China. It started with describing and explaining the recent bilateral situation between these two countries. The comparative macroeconomic variables between these two countries are also provided to initiate the discussion and to make a better understanding of the present situation. The paper explains the overall trade dynamics between India and China, where Constant Market Share Analysis (CMS) model is used to understand the nature of export change. Using CMS, the paper analyzed the prospects of several products in each other's market. While analyzing investment, the paper examines FDI policies of China and the sectors where the Indian companies have invested. The potential sectors for the Indian companies to invest in China have also been identified. Finally, the paper concludes through describing the trade negotiation strategy of both the countries and the areas where economic synergies can be formed. JEL: F13, F15
India's Foreign Trade and Industrial Development
Authors: Banerjee Subrata 
Published: July 2017

THE BASIC strategy of export promotion currently in vogue is import liberalization. The objective is to remove every possible obstacle to the production of goods for export. The logic is that the liberal import of machinery and intermediate products would make production for export less expensive, more profitable and hence easier. Whatever way we might look at it, the major beneficiary of a strategy of import-based export production and industrialization is the transnational corporation. We need a different approach to foreign trade as one of the components of industrial development. Foreign trade must become an integral part of the planning process. The basic principle of imports for industrial development and exports bas to be modified, to ensure that import liberalization meets priority needs of industry, not indigenously available or likely to be developed within a short time. Import substitution has not become irrelevant, however fashionable it might be to say so. In our drive to increase our exports of engineering goods, we should not Jose sight of our traditional exports. In the case of nontraditional goods, the need is to bear in mind comparative advantage and build up such thrust areas as are likely to have a continuing and expanding market over a reasonable time-frame. This is what demands unport substitution in certain well-identified thrust areas, in which we have comparative advantage.
Protein deposition in animals
Authors: Buttery Peter J. 
Published: July 2017

The deposition of proteins in tissues of farm animals is a consequence of the balance of the rates of protein synthesis and degradation tissues. This turnover contributes to the energy costs of protein deposition. Protein metabolism is strongly influenced by the hormonal status of the animal and this is being exploited currently by the use of several hormones and hormone-like substances as growth promoters. Numerous factors control the extent of and rate of protein deposition in animals. This review is limited to a few selected areas which have special relevance to the production of edible protein by farm animals.
Feeding Cows for the Production of Butter with Good Spreadability at Refrigeration Temperatures
Authors: Banks W. , Christie W. W. 
Published: July 2017

Domestic refrigerators operated at +2°-4°C render butter almost unspreadable. Soft margarines overcome this problem and have further appeal in their low content of saturated fats. Understanding the digestive physiology of ruminants, the chemistry of milk fat formation and the nature of the rheological properties of fats has suggested a number of approaches, including dietary modification, for inducing highly unsaturated fats in milk. The disadvantage of many of these is their cost, though new markets for conventional products, modified to contemporary consumer requirements, may accommodate this.
What is the nature of the world food problem?
Authors: Anderson Jock R. 
Published: July 2017

From Malthus, to the alarmists of the Club of Rome era, to contemporary extremists such as Lester Brown and Dennis Avery, the world has seldom suffered a shortage of commentators on the challenge of feeding humanity. This introductory perspective takes a dispassionate (some may say optimistic) view of the present and prospective situations. The world food problem is misnamed - rather, it is a ‘people problem’, in two senses. First, there are, not to put too fine a point on it, eventually going to be rather too many people to be fed. Whether or not they can be fed adequately depends, however, on another aspect of ‘people power’, namely, human capital in the form of people who can contribute to new knowledge and more productive means of producing additional food, which can alleviate and overcome this problem. It is thus a balance between people generally, as demanders of, and more specifically as knowledgeable contributors to supply.
The Biotech Concept and Food Processing Wastes
Authors: Greenshields R. N. 
Published: July 2017

The idea of recycling wastes, particularly food wastes, is not new. It has been a consideration of manufacturing and processing systems from early times, as exemplified by the vinegar industry in recovering a value from sour wine (Greenshields, 1978). However, the concepts and motives that drive the ideas for the utilization of waste are remarkably various and often confused, with the result that few schemes succeed, or else they are short-lived and frequently end up as a ‘waste’ of investment. Such examples abound in food processing, despite considerable scientific knowledge and expertise which should have provided viable solutions. Largely the problem has been the inability to make a total assessment of a manufacturing process at the outset, not only from a scientific and technological point of view but also considering the economic, political and market forces involved, and particularly the requirements of Society. There is now an opportunity to change with the emergence of biotechnology and its concepts. Biotechnology is not a single discipline, but an enabling technology which encompasses many disciplines; it embraces all aspects of life and is particularly applicable to the manufacturing industries. Its concepts teach a total assessment embracing the laws governing natural processes and obeying their linked and cyclic patterns. This article considers the concepts of food processing and resource recovery with respect to its wastes before the advent of biotechnology (the Old Concepts) and the new approach now available (the New Concepts).
Improvement of White Clover
Authors: Rhodes Ian , Webb K. Judith 
Published: July 2017

The need to reduce economic and environmental costs of livestock agriculture has led to a resurgence of interest in forage legumes, particularly white clover, However, despite a recognition of the benefits accruing from its high herbage quality and the nitrogen fixation from its symbiosis with the Rhizobium bacterium, the widespread use of white clover by farmers has been inhibited by several perceived Problems. Foremost amongst these have been a reputation for unreliable yield, lack of persistency under intensive grazing and propensity to cause bloat in cattle. Conventional breeding techniques coupled with extensive genetic resources and a growing understanding of the physiological basis of variation in yield and persistency have already resulted in the development of new reliably productive varieties. These varieties will provide a cornerstone for sustainable livestock agriculture in upland and lowland areas of the UK and Europe. The successful application of techniques of biotechnology to white clover has accelerated in recent years. An array of approaches is now available which will open the way for its genetic manipulation and subsequent germplasm enhancement. These approaches range from the routine maintenance and propagation of plants in vitro to the production of transgenic plants, and offer possibilities of altering radically the nature of white clover in the future.
SIMULATION: A powerful tool for prototyping telecommunications networks
Authors: Overview Tutorial , Roth Paul F. , Ilyas Mohammad , Mouftah H.T. 
Published: July 2017

Simulation models of telecomunication networks are valuable tools for evaluating network performance during the design, development, and operational phases of network life. This paper relates the concepts of discrete event simulation to the context of application to the telecommunication field. A range of software, useful to this enterprise, is discussed, the range extending from general-purpose to very problem-oriented languages. Finally, a primitive network simulation model, using the GPSS simulation language, is presented to illustrate the technique. A basic bibliography, categorized by simulation subject, is included.
Fast Brisk Structured Lessons Motivation Learning Success Pride
Authors: Jitendra Asha K. , Torgerson-Tubiello Rachael 
Published: July 2017

These words describe contraction lessons—and results—in a “contracted” sentence. Second-grade students who were reading at the first-grade level have experienced success with the fast-paced lessons described here. And they have gone on to enjoy the world of children's literature. In this article, we describe how we planned and successfully implemented lessons to teach contractions to a group of 6 low-performing second graders, including Tamara, a girl with learning disabilities (see box).
Developing Comprehensive Energy Balances
Authors: Clarke Alan , Trinnaman Judy 
Published: July 2017

Energy balances giving details of production, processing and use by sector have been available for the major economies for thirty years or more. Such balances are provided annually by governmental agencies and by the OECD. No such balances have been available for many non-OECD countries. The flow of information has improved in recent years although there will always be a relative lack of precision associated with the estimates made for traditional and non-commercial fuels (dung, fuel wood, vegetable wastes). Tackling the problems of faulty or insufficient data is facilitated by an integrated approach, using a standardised matrix of energy supply and demand. A complete energy balance for any one country may take many man-hours to construct, with significant further effort required to update it as new information becomes available. Examples of energy balances for Kenya and Pakistan have been included.
The Environmental Challenge: The Effect of Natural Gas Demand on Europe
Authors: Baudino Mario 
Published: July 2017

Although aerial pollution from combustion of natural gas is small compared to that for other fossil fuels, the threat to global warming is less, and its energy conversion efficiency is higher, EEC authorities, in 1988, regulated in a manner that discriminated against it in preference to coal. However, growing concern for the environment will change these circumstances. Natural gas is increasingly a favoured fuel. The EEC's discussion paper Energy in Europe analyses three scenarios for the energy market over the next 20 years taking into account the impacts of supply/demand, technology, environmental care, regulations and policies. That advocating strong economic growth with strict environmental standards, improved efficiency and better consumer behaviour, is favoured. The growth in gas demand will continue with a sharp increase by the year 2000. It should grow by about 45% by 2010. The price will be higher as more expensive sources are used.
Natural Gas Markets in Asia: From Callow Youth to Maturity
Authors: Hertzmark Donald I. 
Published: July 2017

In the 1980s, Asian energy markets expanded at a rapid rate to meet the surge in demand from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. This demand boom coincided with an increase in non-OPEC oil production in the region. As oil production stabilizes, demand looks set to rise sharply, this time in the new Newly Industrialized Countries of Southeast Asia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Natural gas will play a key role in this expansion of energy use and could start to lead rather than follow oil markets. The leading role of natural gas will be especially strong if gas starts to make inroads in the high and middle ends of the barrel with oxygenated gasoline and compressed natural gas for trucks. At the bottom of the barrel, natural gas could increasingly usurp the role of residual fuel oil for environmental reasons. At the same time, regional refiners could find that residual oil is their leading source of additional feed for the new process units currently under discussion or planning. The supply outlook for natural gas is increasingly fraught with uncertainties as more of the region's supplies must come from distant areas. In particular, LNG supplies from Malaysia and Indonesia will need to be replaced by the early part of the next century as rising domestic demand eats into the exportable gas production. New sources include China, Siberia, Sakhalin Island, Papua New Guinea, and Canada. There will be intense competition to supply the Northeast Asian markets as the gas production in Southeast Asia is increasingly used within ASEAN.
Technology Utilisation at Oryx Energy
Authors: Fleming Robert S. , Janssen James C. , Woolley Thomas 
Published: July 2017

The petroleum industry has achieved major improvements in recent years in finding, developing and producing oil and gas. These improvements have been through advances in all facets of technology including computer and workstation technologies as well as horizontal drilling. Oryx Energy has aggressively applied these new techniques to improve its competitive edge. The company uses the Unix workstation systems which allow simultaneous multiple processing and improved performance and graphics. The company's Amdahl mainframe is the hub of a worldwide network of business and scientific computers. These computers use advanced geoscience and engineering software. For example, geoscience software allows sophisticated analysis and interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data. Oryx Energy's worldwide network also allows different specialist teams of engineers, geologists and geophysicists in different locations to provide more effective, integrated evaluations of data resulting in increased success rates.
The Use of Horizontal Drilling in International Exploration
Authors: Bagnall A.C. , Blanche J.B. 
Published: July 2017

Internationally (outside the USA) more than 300 horizontal wells were drilled in 1991. Horizontal well reservoir targets generally consist of a preponderance of clastic reservoirs over carbonates in the ratio of approximately 60% to 40%. The concept of using horizontal wells as an exploration tool can be defined as a means not only of proving new reserves in undrilled plays, but as a means of re-exploring previously drilled and poorly productive terrains. The Austin Chalk play in South Texas is the prime example of this concept in action. Exploration in this case can be defined as the adding of multiple orders of additional reserves value. International basin selection criteria are discussed which can optimise the chances of finding high value additional reserves in the initial stages of an exploration campaign by using horizontal drilling (with the important help of previous subsurface coverage or pilot drilling). These criteria include the presence of self sourcing carbonate reservoirs, the presence and predictability of regional fracturing, the mechanical properties of the reservoir rocks, the presence of significant original oil or gas-in-place and the reservoir depth criteria in which horizontal drilling technology is practicable and cost-effective.
3-D Seismic Mapping and Amplitude Analysis: A Gulf of Mexico Case History
Authors: Kidney Robert L. , Silver Ronald S. , Hussein H.A. 
Published: July 2017

Utilization of 3-D seismic data and Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators led to the successful drilling of appraisal and development wells in the Gulf of Mexico block South Timbalier 198 (ST 198). These seismic technologies, which are routinely used by Oryx Energy Company, significantly reduced the time and cost to appraise the ST 198 discovery. Based on 2-D seismic mapping, a Pliocene Lower Buliminella (L BUL) prospect was drilled in ST 198. Although the expected reservoir was not found, an Upper Buliminella (U BUL) gas sandstone was encountered. An appraisal well of the U BUL interval confirmed this discovery. Following the drilling of these two wells, it became apparent that the structural complexities and the seismic amplitude anomalies of the area could not be adequately resolved using the 2-D seismic grid. A 3-D seismic survey was shot to delineate the discovery and evaluate the remaining potential of the South Timbalier Block 198 (ST 198). Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHIs), which are seismic anomalies resulting from the hydrocarbon effect on rock properties, are generally expected from these age sands. While the 3-D survey shows a seismic amplitude anomaly associated with the U BUL reservoir, the areal extent of the seismic anomaly did not match the findings of the two wells. A DHI study was performed to determine if this inconsistency could be explained and if the amplitude anomaly could be used in the well planning. The two key steps which confirmed that this amplitude anomaly is a DHI were properly calibrating the seismic data to the well control and determining the theoretical seismic response of the gas sandstones. The DHI study along with the 3-D mapping led to the successful development of the ST 198 U BUL reservoir and to setting up a successful adjacent fault block play. Finally, 3-D mapping also identified a L BUL trap updip from the original L BUL prospect which resulted in a successful drilling effort.
Late Jurassic Structural Inversion in the North Viking Graben and East Shetland Basin, UK North Sea
Authors: Booth A. , Stockley F.J. , Robbins J.A. 
Published: July 2017

Interpretation of regional seismic data and analysis of available well data from the North Viking Graben suggest that a significant phase of structural inversion took place in the Late Jurassic and also in the early Cretaceous. It is believed that this inversion may be a consequence either of compression of the basin as a whole or alternatively, transpressional uplift along offset NW-SE fault systems. The north-south trending Penguin Ridge in UKCS quadrant 211 is interpreted as being such an inversion feature. The Penguin Ridge may well be an extreme example of apparent compression within the context of the Northern North Sea. However, it is clear that less well-developed structures of a similar type have previously been interpreted as simple extensional fault blocks. A compressional or transpressional mode of formation has implications for both reservoir diagenesis and faulting and thus important consequences for exploration play evaluation. It is also proposed that the Penguin Ridge is the northerly limit of a north-south trend or fairway in which compressional features can be observed from regional and field specific seismic data. Certainly there are many anomalous structures within the complex crestal areas of the majority of the Brent Province fields. The impact of such a model is the subject of continuing studies, but it is clear that as the search for more subtle plays intensifies in mature exploration areas such as the North Sea, it is important that the explorationist keeps an open mind, especially when confronted with apparently anomalous data.
Depositional Modelling of UK North Sea Alba Field Reservoir
Authors: Thomas Ian W. , Collinson John D. , Jones Colin M. 
Published: July 2017

The Alba Field is contained within block 16/26 of the Central North Sea of the United Kingdom. This oil field was discovered in 1984 by Chevron UK Ltd with the 16/26–5 well and has been appraised by 16 wells and sidetracks. The field is currently being developed and is scheduled to achieve first production around the end of 1993. A 3-D seismic survey, acquired in 1989, has greatly enhanced delineation of the field. It is a NW-SE trending linear feature approximately 5.25 miles (8.5 kms) in length with adjacent satellite structures. The reservoir sands comprise the Nauchlan Member of the Alba Formation (Horda Group) and are primarily of Middle Eocene age. Gross sand thicknesses in excess of 400 ft (120 m) are present within the field area with porosities ranging up to 38% and permeabilities of the order of 2800 mD. The sands were deposited as a series of submarine channel fills whose mutual relationships present problems of detailed interpretation. Channel sandbodies appear to be discontinuous along their length for a variety of reasons including erosive relief on the base of the channel, and partial filling of channels otherwise filled by mud.