bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: RACEMATSPALTUNG VON 1,1‐DIPHENYL‐ALKAN‐2‐OLEN
Authors: HALLER R. , SCHNEIDER H. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChirale Lithiumalkoxyalanate reduzieren die 1,1‐Diphenylalkanole (I) asymmetrisch zu den Alkanolen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: THE REDUCTIVE METHYLATION OF LINEAR CONJUGATED DIENONES
Authors: DASTUR K. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus den konjugierten Dienonen (I) entstehen bei der Behandlung mit Alkalimetall und Methyljodid über diskutierte Zwischenstufen (II) und (III) die Methylierungsprodukte (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITION OF DIENES TO FULVENES
Authors: HOUK K. N. , LUSKUS L. J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract2,5‐Dimethyl‐3,4‐diphenyl‐cyclopentadienon (I) reagiert mit ‐den Fulvenen (II) zu den Addukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ALPHA,ALPHA‐DISUBSTITUIERTE DISAEUREN UND SAEUREN MIT GEMISCHTER FUNKTION UND IHRE DERIVATE 44. MITT. RING‐KETTEN‐ISOMERIE EINIGER ALPHA‐GEMINAL DISUBSTITUIERTER GAMMA‐ALDEHYDBERNSTEINSAEUREN UND ‐ESTER, ANWENDUNG BEI DER SELEKTIVEN RK. VON NUCLEOPHILEN
Authors: DES ABBAYES HERVE , NEVEU CECILE , SALMON‐LEGAGNEUR FRANCOIS 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Aldehydsäuren (I) liegen bevorzugt in den tautomeren cyclischen Formen (II) vor.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW CYCLIZATION TO INDOLE DERIVATIVES FROM ARYLHYDROXYLAMINES
Authors: OKAMOTO T. , SHUDO K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus den Arylhydroxylaminen (I) und den Cyclohexan‐1,3‐dionen (II) entstehen die ungesättigten Hydroxylamine (III), die mit Acetanhydrid zu den O‐Acetaten (IV) reagieren und mit Trifluoressigsäure zu (V) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW PHOTO‐REARRANGEMENT OF A DIVINYL‐DISULPHIDE
Authors: DALGAARD L. , LAWESSON S. O. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBei der Photolyse des Bis‐cyclohexenonyl‐disulfids (I) erhält man über diskutierte Zwischenstufen wie (II) und (III) das Thioketal (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐ACYL‐DERIVATE DES PYRAZOLO‐ANTHRONS
Authors: URSEANE F. , DRAGHICI C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractVon dem als Ausgangsmaterial fürBaumwollfarbstoffe bekannten 1,9‐Pyrazolo‐anthron (I) wurden das N‐ Acetyl (IIa) und das N‐Benzoyl‐Derivat (IIb) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: AZACYCLOLS FROM N‐(2‐BENZYLOXYCARBONYLAMINO‐ACYL)‐LACTAMS
Authors: LUCENTE G. , ZANOTTI G. , FRATTESI P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus den N‐Trimethylsilyllactamen (I) entstehen mit den Säurechloriden (II) die acylierten Lactame (III), die in der cyclischen Azacyclol‐Form (IV) Vorliegen‐ Diese können z.B. zu (V) methyliert oder auch zu (VI) dehydratisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF HYPOTENSIVE ACTIVITY OF NAPHTHYLALKYL GUANIDINES AND NAPHTHYLALKYL 2‐AMINOIMIDAZOLINES
Authors: DONETTI A. , OMODEI‐SALE A. , GAMBA A. , MANTEGANI A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDurch Umsetzung der Naphthylalkylamine (III) mit Methylisothioharnstoffhydrojodid oder Cyanamid (II) bzw. Methylmercapto‐imidazolin (IV) werden die Guanidine (I) bzw. die Imidazoline (V) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION OF 2‐ALKYLAMINO‐1,3,4‐THIADIAZOLES
Authors: COBURN R. A. , BHOOSHAN B. , GLENNON R. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThiosemicarbazide (I) liefern mit den Orthoestern (II) in Gegenwart von Säuren als Katalysator unter Annahme von Zwischenstufen der Art (V) bzw. (III) und (IV) die Cyclisierungsprodukte (VI) und (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: COUMARINS PART 12, SYNTHESIS OF (+‐)‐CIS‐ AND TRANS‐3′,4′‐DIHYDROXY‐3′,4′‐DIHYDROXANTHYLETIN AND THEIR DIESTERS
Authors: EL‐ANTABLY S. M. , SOINE T. O. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas aus dem Kernholz von Chloroxylon swietenia isolierte Xanthyletin (I) liefert bei der Osmiumtetroxid‐Oxidation in Dioxan das cis‐Dihydroxydihydroxanthyletin perbenzoesäure (III) und Acetanhydrid gewonnenen Derivates (IV) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: AM STICKSTOFF SUBSTITUIERTE 3‐AMINO‐PYRIDINE, KONDENSATION MIT ISOBUTANAL UND HYDRIERUNG DER GEBILDETEN ENAMINE
Authors: SAULEAU ARMELLE 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Aminopyridins (Ia) mit äquimolaren Mengen Essigsäure in Gegenwart von Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid bei 0°C (Methode A) führt zu dem Amid (IIa); die Homologen (IIb) bzw. (IIc) werden durch Umsetzung von (Ib) bzw. (Ic) mit Essigsäurechlorid in Gegenwart von K, CO3 unter Rückflußkochen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SYNTH. UND DIE BIOLOGISCHE AKTIVITAET SUBSTITUIERTER AMIDE DER 2‐AMINONICOTINSAEURE
Authors: CHESNOKOV V. P. , KONSHIN M. E. , ZALESOV V. S. , KUDRYASHOVA V. K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDer Ester der Aminonicotinsäure (I) wird mit den Dimagnesylaminen (II) zu einer Reihe von Amiden (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SYNTH. UND BAKTERIOSTATISCHE WIRKUNG EINIGER 5‐SUBSTITUIERTER 2‐(ALPHA‐FURYL)‐1,3‐DIOXANE
Authors: ZELIKMAN Z. I. , KUL'NEVICH V. G. , SHKREBETS A. I. , PERSHIN G. N. , MIKERINA A. L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Nitropropandiol (I) wird in Gegenwart des Kationenaustauschers KU‐2 in der H‐Form in wasserfreiem Benzol mit den Furfurolen (II) zu Furyldioxanen (III) um=′ gesetzt.Die antibakterielle Wirkung der: Verbindungen (III) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINAZOLINES PART 19, REDUCTION OF 2‐AMINO‐5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDROQUINAZOLINE‐4‐CARBOXYLIC ACID AND 1,2,5,6,7,8‐HEXAHYDRO‐2‐OXOQUINAZOLINE‐4‐CARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: ARMAREGO WILFRED L. F. , MILLOY BEVERLY A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Kondensation der Glyoxylsäure (I) mit dem Carbonat von Guanidin (II) führt zu dem Tetrahydrochinazolin (III), das katalytisch zu (IV) hydriert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(DELTA‐(N‐ARYLPIPERAZINO)‐BUTINYL)‐ UND 2‐(DELTA‐(N‐ARYLPIPERAZINO)‐BUTYL)‐2‐PHENYLINDANDIONE‐(1,3)
Authors: BERZINYA I. A. , GERMANE S. K. , OZOLINYSH YA. V. , AREN A. K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Phenylindandion (I) wird mit Propargylchlorid (II) in Gegenwart von Natriumjodid und Natriumpropylat kondensiert und mit Paraformaldehyd (IV) und den Piperazinen (V) zu den Verbindungen (VI) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: RED. VON 1H‐1,2‐DIAZEPINEN MIT BOR‐ UND ALUMINIUMHYDRIDEN
Authors: STREITH JACQUES , WILLIG BEATRICE 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie selektive Reduktion der Diazepine (I) mit Diboran und mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid (Dibal) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐THIAPHOSPHORINANE
Authors: ISSLEIB K. , HANNIG H.‐J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Mercaptopropylphosphin (I) reagiert mit Aldehyden und Ketonen wie (II) in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen von p‐Toluolsulfonsäure unter intramolekularer Kondensation zu den entsprechenden Titelverbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: POLAROGRAPHISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN KUPFER(II)‐ UND CADMIUM(II)‐CHELATEN VIERZAEHNIGER AMINOPOLYCARBONSAEUREN
Authors: KRANICH R. , UHLIG E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Cu(I)‐Komplexe der vierzähnigen Aminopolycarbonsäuren (Ia) und (II) werden an der Quecksilbertropfelektrode reversibel und in einer Stufe reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: DARSTELLUNG, MAGNETISCHE UND OPTISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN VON KOMPLEXVERBINDUNGEN DES DREIWERTIGEN TITANS MIT HARNSTOFF UND HARNSTOFFDERIVATEN
Authors: GEIS‐BLAZEKOVA M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDurch Umsetzung von wasserfreiem TiCla mit den entsprechenden Harnstoff‐Verbindungen in Äthanol, Acetonitril, THF, Dioxan oder Wasser entstehen die Komplex (I)‐(V), die über die Reflexionsspektren der Kristallpulver, das Absorptionsspektrum von (I) und die paramagnetischen Suszeptibilitäten charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE REACTION OF UO2(2+) AND TH(4+) WITH METHYLTHYMOL BLUE IN AQUEOUS ACIDIC MEDIUM
Authors: CHIACCHIERINI ERNESTO , PETRONE VINCENZO , MAGRI ANTONIO , STACCHINI ANGELO 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpektrophotometrische Untersuchungen der Gleichgewichte zwischen Methylthymolblau und U05" und Th" in wäßriger Na‐perchlorat‐Lösung zeigen, daß die 1:1‐, 1 22‐ und 2:1‐Komplexe (I)‐(V) durch die Koordination des Liganden als Carboxylat und N‐Donator gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORAUSTAUSCHREAKTIONEN AN METALLTRIFLUORPHOSPHIN‐KOMPLEXEN 4. MITT. REAKTIONEN VON NITROSYLTRIFLUORPHOSPHIN‐KOMPLEXEN VON EISEN UND KOBALT MIT ALKOHOLAT‐ UND HYDROXID‐IONEN
Authors: KRUCK TH. , WALDMANN J. , HOEFLER M. , BIRKENHAEGER G. , ODENBRETT CH. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie durch Hochdruckumsetzung von dimerem Bromo(Chloro)dinitrosyl‐Fe(Co) mit PF3 gebildeten Trifluorphosphin‐Komplexe (I) tauschen bei Behandlung mit Alkoho‐ ; laten oder Phenolaten sämtliche F‐Atome gegen RO‐Gruppen unter Bildung der Phos‐ 7 phito‐Komplexe (III) aus.
ChemInform Abstract: RATES OF INTRAMOLECULAR ELECTRON TRANSFER
Authors: ISIED STEPHAN S. , TAUBE HENRY 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Abhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeit des intramolekularen Elektronenübergangs von Ru(II) zum Co(III) von dem Brückenligand in den Komplexen (IVb) sowie andere Einflüsse des Elektronenübergangs werden untersucht und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATE VON SALICYLKETONEN 6. MITT. REAKTIONEN VON METALLCHELATEN DER SCHIFFSCHEN BASEN AUS O‐AMINOARYLKETONEN UND 1,2‐DIAMINEN
Authors: UHLEMANN E. , PLATH M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung der Co(III)‐Komplexe (II) gelingt durch oxidative Addition von Brom oder Jod an die Co(II)‐Komplexe (I) der Schiffschen Basen von Äthylendiamin und . Acet(Benz)ophenon oder Benzaldehyd unter Luftausschluß.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISTIC STUDIES ON THE COURSE OF A SIGMA‐BUT‐3‐ENYL‐ TO 1‐3‐MU‐BUT‐2‐ENYL‐NICKEL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: BROWN JOHN M. , MERTIS KONSTANTINOS 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDer o‐Butenyl‐Komplex (III) lagert sich bei der Thermolyse oder Photolyse in Pyrex zu dem trans‐n‐Butenyl‐Komplex (IV) um.
ChemInform Abstract: TWO DIFFERENT STRUCTURES FOR COPPER AND LITHIUM DERIVATIVES OF VINYLIC ENOLATES, THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURE ON THE DIRECTION OF ELECTROPHILIC ATTACK
Authors: KLEIN JOSEPH , LEVENE RAPHAEL 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion von Organo‐Cu‐Reagenzien wie (II) mit ogß‐ungesättigten Estern, Säu‐ :ren oderKetonen wie(I)und (VI) ist eine cis‐Addition, die bei tiefen Temperaturen zu den Produkten (III) bzw. (VIIa) mit einer kovalenten C‐Cu‐Bindung in α‐Stellung zur CO‐Gruppe führt.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS IN CARBOHYDRATES PART 22, FORMATION OF 1,4‐ANHYDROPYRANOSES FROM 1‐O‐ACETYL‐6‐DEOXY‐2,3‐O‐ISOPROPYLIDENE‐4‐O‐METHYLSULFONYL‐ALPHA‐L‐MANNO‐ AND TALO‐PYRANOSE WITH SODIUM AZIDE
Authors: BRIMACOMBE JOHN S. , MINSHALL JONATHAN , TUCKER LESLIE C. N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Acetate (Ib) bzw. (IIIb) des L‐Mannopyranose‐ (Ia) bzw. L‐Talopyranose‐Derivats (IIIa) liefern bei der Behandlung mit Na‐azid in Dimethylformamid die Anhydrozucker (II) (ausschließlich) bzw. (IV) (zu 60% im Gemisch mit mehreren ande‐′ ren Produkten).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION VIA A NEW NICKEL‐CATALYZED PROCESS AND VIA THE S(RN)1 REACTION. IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF CEPHALOTAXINONE
Authors: SEMMELHACK M. F. , STAUFFER R. D. , ROGERSON T. D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract3,4‐Methylendioxy‐phenylessigsäure (Ia) wird zum Carbinol (Ib) reduziert und dann zu (IIa) jodiert, das zum Ester (IIb) umgesetzt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF EXOTOXIN PRODUCED BY BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS
Authors: KALVODA L. , PRYSTAS M. , SORM F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNach den in der Zucker‐ und Nucleosidchemie üblichen Verfahren wird das Exotoein, ein Inhaltsstoff aus Bacillus Thuringiensis der Struktur (I), synthetisiert.
β‐Cyclodextrin and Its Derivatives Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeting Delivery of Curcumin and Cell Imaging
Authors: Zhou Yehong , Wang Congli , Wang Fei , Li Chenzhong , Dong Chuan , Shuang Shaomin 
Published: March 2016

Abstractβ‐Cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and its derivatives functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with high saturated magnetism were fabricated successfully by an effective grafting method. The resultant carboxymethyl/hydroxypropyl/sulfobutyl ether‐β‐CD‐MNPs (CM/HP/SBE‐β‐CD‐MNPs) nanocomposites were characterized by the TEM, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential, XRD and VSM. In addition, the loading and release performance of the as‐prepared nanocarriers for the hydrophobic anti‐cancer drug curcumin was also investigated. The results revealed that the SBE‐β‐CD‐MNPs possessed the highest loading and release capacity in comparison with other two nanosystems. Cellular uptake and imaging suggested that the SBE‐β‐CD‐MNPs entered into the cell, and curcumin could be successfully delivered into the cell by SBE‐β‐CD‐MNPs nanocarrier. Moreover, cell toxicity experiments demonstrated the SBE‐β‐CD‐MNPs were non‐toxic, while curcumin loaded SBE‐β‐CD‐MNPs showed high potential to kill the HepG2 cells. The as‐prepared magnetic composites were expected to expand their potential applications in biomedical field.
Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Trifluoromethylketone N‐Tosylhydrazones and Arylboronates
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Yu Weizhi , Zhou Qi , Li Tianjiao , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRh(I)‐Catalyzed synthesis of 1,1‐difluoro‐2,2‐diarylalkenes from trifluoromethylketone N‐tosylhydrazones and arylboronates is presented in this communication. This new synthetic method is based on the Rh(I)‐carbene migratory insertion followed by β‐fluoride elimination. In one particular case the protonation occurs instead of β‐fluoride elimination, affording 2,2‐diaryl trifluoroethane product.
The Special Challenges of Psychotherapy with Persons with Psychosis: Intersubjective Metacognitive Model of Agreement and Shared Meaning
Authors: Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit , Kravetz Shlomo , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: March 2016

Agreement between client and therapist is an essential part of the therapeutic alliance. While there are general challenges to the creation of agreement and shared meaning in all psychotherapies, there are specific challenges while working with persons with psychosis. These challenges include the different narratives of the client and the therapist with regard to their roles and the description of the condition or problem, as well as possible stigmatic views and theoretical bias. Here we present a metacognitive intersubjective model as a framework for the understanding and resolutions of these challenges. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Goal consensus, agreement and shared meaning are essential for a collaborative process and positive outcome in psychotherapy.
Challenges to psychotherapy with persons with psychosis include the different narratives of the client and the therapist with regard to their roles and the description of the condition or problem, as well as possible stigmatic views and theoretical bias.
In the intersubjective exchange, the concepts of metacognition and empathy can act as a framework for navigating between the possible challenges and the desired shared meaning and agreement.
Diversification and coevolution of the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor system in vertebrates
Authors: Tine Mbaye , Kuhl Heiner , Teske Peter R. , Tschöp Matthias H. , Jastroch Martin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe gut hormone ghrelin is involved in numerous metabolic functions, such as the stimulation of growth hormone secretion, gastric motility, and food intake. Ghrelin is modified by ghrelin O‐acyltransferase (GOAT) or membrane‐bound O‐acyltransferase domain‐containing 4 (MBOAT4) enabling action through the growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS‐R). During the course of evolution, initially strong ligand/receptor specificities can be disrupted by genomic changes, potentially modifying physiological roles of the ligand/receptor system. Here, we investigated the coevolution of ghrelin, GOAT, and GHS‐R in vertebrates. We combined similarity search, conserved synteny analyses, phylogenetic reconstructions, and protein structure comparisons to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the ghrelin system. Ghrelin remained a single‐gene locus in all vertebrate species, and accordingly, a single GHS‐R isoform was identified in all tetrapods. Similar patterns of the nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) ratio (dN/dS) in the vertebrate lineage strongly suggest coevolution of the ghrelin and GHS‐R genes, supporting specific functional interactions and common physiological pathways. The selection profiles do not allow confirmation as to whether ghrelin binds specifically to GOAT, but the ghrelin dN/dS patterns are more similar to those of GOAT compared to MBOAT1 and MBOAT2 isoforms. Four GHS‐R isoforms were identified in teleost genomes. This diversification of GHS‐R resulted from successive rounds of duplications, some of which remained specific to the teleost lineage. Coevolution signals are lost in teleosts, presumably due to the diversification of GHS‐R but not the ghrelin gene. The identification of the GHS‐R diversity in teleosts provides a molecular basis for comparative studies on ghrelin's physiological roles and regulation, while the comparative sequence and structure analyses will assist translational medicine to determine structure–function relationships of the ghrelin/GHS‐R system.
Hydrophobic‐Driven, Metallomacrocyclic Assembly – Towards Quantitative Construction
Authors: Xie Ting‐Zheng , Li Jing‐Yi , Guo Zaihong , Ludlow James M. , Lu Xiaocun , Moorefield Charles N. , Wesdemiotis Chrys , Newkome George R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA series of coordination‐driven, heteroleptic self‐assembled, bowtie‐shaped bis‐macrocycles were designed and constructed by combining tetrakis(terpyridinyl)thianthrene and bis‐terpyridine, 60°‐directed, Ru2+ dimers. The resulting complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐MS coupled with travelling wave ion mobility spectrometry (ESI‐TWIM‐MS) experiments. The desired bis‐macrocycles were obtained in quantitative yields through the use of long alkyl‐chain substituents, in contrast to the lower yields obtained for smaller alkyl moieties.
Persistent Postoperative Pain after Cardiac Surgery: Incidence, Characterization, Associated Factors and its impact in Quality of Life
Authors: Guimarães‐Pereira Luís , Farinha Filomena , Azevedo Luís , Abelha Fernando , Castro‐Lopes José 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundCardiac surgery (CS) ranks among the most frequently performed interventions worldwide and persistent postoperative pain (PPP) has been recognized as a relevant clinical outcome in this context. We aimed to evaluate its incidence, characteristics, associated factors and patient's quality of life (QoL).MethodsObservational prospective study conducted in patients undergoing CS in a tertiary university hospital. PPP was defined as persistent pain after surgery with higher than 3 months’ duration, after excluding other causes of pain. We used a set of questionnaires for data collection: Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Duke Health Profile, Brief Pain Inventory Short Form, McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form, Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions and standardized questions regarding pain periodicity. Results: A total of 288 patients have completed the study and 43% presented PPP assessed at 3 months (PPP3M); out of which 84% were not under any treatment. PPP patients reported significantly lower QoL, and a neuropathic pain (NP) component was present in 50% of them. Younger age, female gender, higher body mass index, catastrophizing, coronary artery bypass graft, osteoarthritis, history of previous surgery (excluding sternotomy) and moderate to severe acute postoperative pain were independent predictors of PPP3M.ConclusionThis is the first study comprehensively describing PPP after CS and identifying NP in half of them. Our results support the important role that PPP plays after CS in considering its interference in patients’ daily life and their lower QoL, which deserves the attention of health care professionals in order to improve prevention, assessment and treatment of these patients.What does this study add?This study comprehensively describes persistent postoperative pain (PPP) after cardiac surgery (CS) and identifies neuropathic pain (NP) in half of them.Our results support the important role that PPP plays after CS in considering its interference in patients’ daily life and their lower quality of life.
The influence of salinity on the fate and behavior of silver standardized nanomaterial and toxicity effects in the estuarine bivalve Scrobicularia plana
Authors: Bertrand Carole , Zalouk-Vergnoux Aurore , Giambérini Laure , Poirier Laurence , Devin Simon , Labille Jérôme , Perrein-Ettajani Hanane , Pagnout Christophe , Châtel Amélie , Levard Clément , Auffan Mélanie , Mouneyrac Catherine 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Because of their antibacterial properties, silver (Ag) engineered nanomaterials are included in many products. The present study used a standardized Ag nanomaterial (NM-300K, 20 nm) supplied with a stabilizing agent. The aim was to investigate the behavior of Ag nanomaterial in an estuarine-like medium at 2 salinities (15 psu and 30 psu). Uptake as well as sublethal effects of Ag nanomaterial (10 μg Ag/L), its stabilizing agent, and AgNO3 (10 μg Ag/L) were assessed in the clam Scrobicularia plana, after 7 d of exposure. The release of soluble Ag from Ag nanomaterial in the experimental media was quantified by using diffusive gradient in thin films and ultrafiltration. A multibiomarker approach was employed to reveal responses of clams at subindividual and individual levels. The bioaccumulation of Ag was significantly greater at 15 psu versus 30 psu, which could be explained by differences in Ag speciation. In conclusion, the present study showed different impacts of Ag nanomaterial that were not always explained by the release of Ag ions in clams at both salinities; such impacts were particularly characterized by induction of oxidative stress, cell damage, and impairment of energetic levels. Burrowing of clams was affected by the stabilizing agent depending on the salinity tested, with stronger effects at 15 psu. Finally, the present study highlighted salinity-dependent changes in the physiology of estuarine bivalves. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2550–2561. © 2016 SETAC
Perceived needs for support among care home staff providing end of life care for people with dementia: a qualitative study
Authors: Vandrevala T. , Samsi K. , Rose C. , Adenrele C. , Barnes C. , Manthorpe J. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of the current exploratory study was to investigate the impact on care home staff when working with people with dementia at the end of life and to explore how they cope with this aspect of their work. With UK policy encouraging death in the place of residence, rather than hospital, more people with dementia are dying in care homes.MethodA qualitative approach was employed; 20 care home staff working in five English care homes were interviewed. Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsCare home staff found the external demands on them and difficulties associated with interacting with people with dementia sometimes challenging, stressful and anxiety‐provoking, particularly as residents approached end of life. Emotional aspects of caring for dying residents were sometimes heightened by close attachments with residents and their families. Staff were able to recognise these unmet needs and identified a need for further training and emotional support to manage these stressors.ConclusionsThis study revealed rich and complex understandings of the practice dimensions of caring for people with dementia at the end of life and the impact these have on staff. There is a need to develop effective psychosocial interventions that focus on emotional support for care home staff. There will be challenges in providing this in employment settings that are generally low paid, low status, have high turnover and are reliant on temporary or migrant staff, where training is not rewarded, mandatory or culturally valued. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.