bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Cancer Research in the UAE
Authors: Ganesan Subhashini , Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Mostafa Mohamed , Zaher Walid Abbas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) has cancer as the third leading cause of death. This chapter features clinical research in oncology, focusing on clinical trials in the UAE. Based on the last 10 years of data, the number of cancer-based clinical trials registered in the UAE is thin on the ground, which signifies the need for initiating clinical research on cancers specific to the Emirati population to strengthen evidence that can guide screening, diagnosis, and treatment policies.
Genomic Medicine in Cancer Care in the UAE
Authors: Khan Faraz A. , El Khoury Maroun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHealth care in the United Arab Emirates has been undergoing rapid transformation over the last few years, with a number of new centers providing comprehensive cancer care. Utilization of genomics in cancer care has also increased, but local facilities and expertise in testing have been limited. However, with recent initiatives like the Emirati Genome Project and collaboration with local universities, there is hope that this will also facilitate expanding its use in cancer care. Many barriers remain to the optimal utilization of genomics in cancer care in the UAE that require frameworks with government, regulatory, and institutional support.
Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk in the UAE
Authors: Sakr Rita A. , Ghazal Hassan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHereditary cancers are estimated to account for 10% of all cancers. Clinical genetics initially provided genetic testing to cancer patients and/or those with a strong family history of cancer. Hereditary cancer gene testing became more widely available as a result of research into inherited genes and the revolutionary development of genetic testing technologies. As a result, testing has been expanded to include medical specialties other than clinical genetics. The increased testing rate resulted in the identification of more patients with pathogenic mutations, but it also resulted in a very high detection rate of variants of uncertain significance, which can cause further confusion among families and distress in patients. Therefore, a crucial suggestion would be that multigene testing should be considered only after proper evaluation for clinical suspicion of hereditary cancer susceptibility, which would be best offered by clinical genetics and/or doctors trained in oncogenetics.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Oncology in the UAE
Authors: Shaikh Khalid , Bekal Sreelekshmi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in every aspect of life. It has deeply permeated various fields and ignited tremendous enthusiasm due to its potential to greatly improve people’s quality of life. In recent decades, AI has regained popularity and gained confidence across all dimensions of healthcare and research. There has been a remarkable increase in the application of AI in these domains, aiming to enhance early disease detection, accurate diagnosis, the development of effective therapies, and overall clinical outcomes. This surge is driven by the exponential rise in global cancer cases and the accompanying vast amount of data, for which AI serves as a potent panacea. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental principles of AI and learning algorithms. It explores the novel applications of AI in cancer-related image analysis, precision oncology, genomics, clinical research, drug discovery, and more, with a specific emphasis on AI-based cancer care in the UAE. Additionally, it sheds light on the challenges that AI encounters in fully realizing its potential and presents future directions toward achieving AI-integrated oncology.
Cancer Care in the UAE
Authors: Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Abyad Amin M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCancer mortality has been the fifth leading cause of death in the UAE in 2021. Over the last 40 years, cancer care in the UAE has advanced dramatically, from a single center in Al Ain in 1981 to more than 30 cancer centers and clinics across the country today, with at least four comprehensive cancer centers. Despite the significant advances in patient care, quality control across the UAE still needs to be improved, with marked variation in cancer care across the different centers. Access to clinical trials is still highly restricted due to a deficiency of expertise and research infrastructure. Education and training are other fields for improvement that require immediate intervention, and, in this review, we attempt to discuss these critical aspects for the different stakeholders to consider improving cancer care in the UAE. Programs for early cancer detection and screening are still developing in the UAE. There is also a need to enhance screening, tackle its barriers, and consider less invasive screening (ex-approved blood-based screening), which might be more likely to be acceptable to the UAE population. In this review, we are also addressing new topics that have not been addressed earlier, including oncology medical tourism, psycho-oncology, onco-fertility, precision oncology, survivorship, oncology nursing, a cancer support program, and the response of the oncology sector to the COVID-19 pandemic, to summarize the UAE’s current cancer landscape. Finally, we provide our recommendations to the different stakeholders, including policymakers, regulators, payers, patient advocacy groups, and the national oncology community, for the delivery and further planning of the intended high-quality cancer care. These recommendations are in line with the UAE government’s vision to cut down on cancer-related mortality and provide high-quality healthcare for all UAE citizens and residents.
Genitourinary Malignancies in the UAE
Authors: Shahait Mohammed , Al-Qudah Hosam , Mula-Hussain Layth , Abu-Gheida Ibrahim H. , Alkasab Thamir , Thwaini Ali , Madi Rabii , Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Tirmazy Syed Hammad , Mukherji Deborah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe incidence of GU malignancies, specifically prostate cancer, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is expected to rise in the coming decade due to changing population demographics and an aging population. There is an urgent need to establish population-based screening for prostate cancer, improve public awareness of the symptoms of GU malignancies, and control tobacco use. In general, patients have access to sub-specialist multidisciplinary care, the latest diagnostic and treatment modalities, and recently approved systemic therapies. Our recommendations include strengthening the UAE cancer registry to include treatment outcome data, adherence to recognized national and international guidelines, multidisciplinary sub-specialist care for all patients regardless of location or financial resources, and promotion of context-specific research collaboration.
Sarcoma in the UAE
Authors: Al-Awadhi Aydah , Berdel Philipp 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoft tissue sarcoma is an uncommon and rare type of malignancy in adults, accounting for approximately 2% of all malignancies. The most common primary malignant bone tumors are osteosarcomas and tumors of the Ewing sarcoma group. The 2020 WHO Classification of Tumors—Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors (BS) and (STS) encompasses roughly 100 distinct pathologic entities, many of which are ultrarare (incidence 1 per million). Due to the rarity of the disease, there is limited information on STS and bone sarcomas in the UAE. In this chapter, we aim to shed light on all available published data on sarcoma in the UAE and discuss available services for STS and bone tumors, as well as the unmet needs.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in the UAE
Authors: Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Abyad Amin M. , Kanakande Kandy Zainul Aaabideen , George Biju , Dar-Yahya Mohammed , Kaloyannidis Panayotis , El-Saddik Amro , Rana Shabeeha , Khalil Charbel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was not available in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) until July 2020, when the first adult HSCT was done in Abu Dhabi by the Abu Dhabi Stem Cell Center. HSCT is increasingly indicated for various non-malignant and malignant diseases. In the UAE, adults and pediatric patients that could benefit from HSCT were commonly travelling abroad for such procedures, with the associated cost, logistics of travel, delay in delivering HSCT, and social challenges of spending an extended period of time outside the UAE. In this chapter, we will highlight the progress of HSCT services in the UAE and also share our experiences and lessons learned during the establishment of a comprehensive pediatric and adult HSCT service in the UAE that is designed to cater for UAE citizens and residents as well as those in neighboring countries facing similar HSCT accessibility challenges.
Cardiac metastasis in uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Simek I.-M. , Sturdza A. , Knoth J. , Spannbauer A , Bergler-Klein J. , Vögele-Kadletz M. , Widder J. , Schmid M. P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Cardiac metastasis from cervical cancer is rare and only scarcely documented. We aim to present a new case and systematically summarize the available literature.

Materials and methods
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Central, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria. Results were screened via title, abstract, and full text. Additionally, the reference lists of all papers chosen for the review were screened.

Results
Eighty-one papers were identified, describing 86 cases in total. Cardiac metastasis occurred at all stages of cervical cancer and in all age groups. Median time from initial diagnosis to diagnosis of cardiac metastasis was 12 months. Patients mainly complained of dyspnea and chest pain, 60.8% had pathologic ECG (electrocardiographic) findings. The cardiac mass was most frequently detected by transthoracic echography. The most common tumor histology was squamous cell carcinoma. Chemotherapy and surgical interventions were the main treatment modalities. Median survival after diagnosis of cardiac metastasis was 3 months.

Conclusion
This largest review on cardiac metastases from cervical cancer confirmed the heart as a very infrequent site of metastasis. There are < 100 cases described in the literature, with very poor prognosis and undefined clinical management.
TBI related death has become the new epidemic in polytrauma: a 10-year prospective cohort analysis in severely injured patients
Authors: van Wessem Karlijn J. P. , Benders Kim E. M. , Leenen Luke P. H. , Hietbrink Falco 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Advances in trauma care have attributed to a decrease in mortality and change in cause of death. Consequently, exsanguination and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have become the most common causes of death. Exsanguination decreased by early hemorrhage control strategies, whereas TBI has become a global health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in injury severity,physiology, treatment and mortality in the last decade.

Methods
In 2014, a prospective cohort study was started including consecutive severely injured trauma patients > 15 years admitted to a Level-1 Trauma Center ICU. Demographics, physiology, resuscitation, and outcome parameters were prospectively collected.

Results
Five hundred and seventy-eight severely injured patients with predominantly blunt injuries (94%) were included. Seventy-two percent were male with a median age of 46 (28–61) years, and ISS of 29 (22–38). Overall mortality rate was 18% (106/578) with TBI (66%, 70/106) being the largest cause of death. Less than 1% (5/578) died of exsanguination. Trend analysis of the 10-year period revealed similar mortality rates despite an ISS increase in the last 2 years. No significant differences in demographics,and physiology in ED were noted. Resuscitation strategy changed to less crystalloids and more FFP. Risk factors for mortality were age, brain injury severity, base deficit, hypoxia, and crystalloid resuscitation.

Discussion
TBI was the single largest cause of death in severely injured patients in the last decade. With an aging population TBI will increase and become the next epidemic in trauma. Future research should focus on brain injury prevention and decreasing the inflammatory response in brain tissue causing secondary damage, as was previously done in other parts of the body.
Cognitive imperialism in artificial intelligence: counteracting bias with indigenous epistemologies
Authors: Ofosu-Asare Yaw 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel methodology for integrating indigenous knowledge systems into AI development to counter cognitive imperialism and foster inclusivity. By critiquing the dominance of Western epistemologies and highlighting the risks of bias, the authors argue for incorporating diverse epistemologies. The proposed framework outlines a participatory approach that includes indigenous perspectives, ensuring AI benefits all. The methodology draws from AI ethics, indigenous studies, and postcolonial theory, emphasizing co-creation with indigenous communities, ethical protocols for indigenous data governance, and adaptation of AI algorithms. Case studies in natural language processing, content moderation, and healthcare demonstrate the methodology’s effectiveness and importance. By offering a concrete methodology for decolonizing AI, this paper contributes significantly to AI ethics and social justice, providing a roadmap for equitable, culturally respectful AI.
Collective exploitation of large prey by group foraging shapes aggregation and fitness of cnidarian polyps
Authors: Gregorin Chiara , Fernández Tomás Vega , Spano Daniela , Gridelli Stefano , Domenichelli Federico , Furfaro Giulia , Musco Luigi , Puce Stefania 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGroup living is widespread and beneficial to metazoans. It improves protection and survival opportunities, reinforcing interspecific competitiveness. Benthic cnidarians often colonize large surfaces. Evidence of collective capture and exploitation of large prey by small, clumped polyps suggests that aggregation is functional to access food resources hardly achievable by isolated individuals. In turn, the chance to catch large prey may represents a driver of aggregation in polyps, whether beneficial to their fitness. Here, the effects of group foraging on aggregation, asexual reproduction, and growth rates of Aurelia coerulea von Lendenfeld 1884 polyps were experimentally tested by providing them with either small or large prey, or a mix of both to simulate the co-occurrence of preys at sea. As expected, some polyps were not able to reach the large prey. Hence, the population was a posteriori divided into group-foragers and solitary-feeders. In general, the large prey diet resulted in higher population fitness and when simultaneously supplied with the small prey represented an energetic booster resulting beneficial for all group-members. The decrease of interindividual distances was reported among group-foragers, that converged towards each other. Cnidarians are basal in metazoan evolution, and the comprehension of their collective foraging behavior, as well as the processes leading to the selective feature driving them to forage in group or not, may be essential to better understand the evolution and spread of social foraging in animals. Moreover, the access to large prey by sessile polyps of Aurelia coerulea could be pivotal in determining the increase in abundance of adult bloom-forming medusae.
Postoperative Outcomes of Fontan Operation in a Multicenter Italian Study. How Far Have We Gone? Early Outcomes After Fontan Operation
Authors: Cao Irene , Bergonzoni Emma , Vedovelli Luca , Guerra Giulia , Galletti Lorenzo , Butera Gianfranco , Trezzi Matteo , Panebianco Mario , Gargiulo Gaetano D. , Angeli Emanuela , Careddu Lucio , Zanoni Rossana , Pace Napoleone Carlo , De Orsola Luca , Guariento Alvise , Scattolin Fabio , Giamberti Alessandro , Lo Rito Mauro , Marianeschi Stefano M. , Agati Salvatore , Bellanti Ermanno , Vairo Ugo , Meliota Giovanni , Scalzo Gabriele , Scrascia Giuseppe , Nuri Halkawt , Michielon Guido , Biffanti Roberta , Gozzi Anna , Di Salvo Giovanni , Vida Vladimiro L. , Padalino Massimo A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the clinical results of the Fontan operation have certainly improved, it still presents with an inherent surgical risk of death and early morbidities. This is a retrospective clinical study of children undergoing Fontan operation in 9 congenital cardiac centers in Italy between 1990 and 2023. Clinical and surgical data were collected via a dedicated RedCap database. Primary outcome was cohort’s mortality, also considering different decades, while secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and reintervention. In the last 3 decades, there were 897 patients undergoing Fontan operation, M/F 512/384, median age: 4.5 years (IQR 3.3–6.4), median weight 16 kg (IQR 14–22). A first palliation was deemed necessary in 710 patients (80%), and most patients underwent a staged Fontan (93%); an extracardiac conduit was used in 790 patients (88%). Postoperative complications (mild to severe) occurred in 410 patients (46%), and early reinterventions were required in 66 patients (7.5%). Overall operative mortality was 1.7% (15 patients). Age at Fontan greater than 4 years was associated with an early need for transcatheter reintervention (adj p value = 0.037) and a higher incidence of postoperative complications (adj p value = 0.017). The Fontan operation has seen significant improvements in immediate outcomes, notably a remarkable reduction in overall mortality to just 1.35% in the last decade. While minor complications have remained steady, there has been a substantial decrease in major early complications, deaths, and the need for reinterventions. Notably, patients aged over 4 years seem to face a higher risk of postoperative morbidity, underscoring the critical role of age in preoperative assessment and management strategies for Fontan patients.
The legacy of a surgeon - in memoriam Dr. İsmail Demir
Authors: Demir Ihsan Ekin , Demir Elke , Erkan Mert , Ceyhan Güralp O. , Friess Helmut 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this perspective article, we highlighted some special aspects of being a surgeon that are typically not taught in medical training. Departing from a real and personal story, the present manuscript is intended to communicate how surgery imbues us doctors with an unparalleled degree of satisfaction, gratification, meaning and fulfilment, like no other field of medicine.
Goodness-of-fit testing in bivariate count time series based on a bivariate dispersion index
Authors: Wang Huiqiao , Weiß Christian H. , Zhang Mingming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA common choice for the marginal distribution of a bivariate count time series is the bivariate Poisson distribution. In practice, however, when the count data exhibit zero inflation, overdispersion or non-stationarity features, such that a marginal bivariate Poisson distribution is not suitable. To test the discrepancy between the actual count data and the bivariate Poisson distribution, we propose a new goodness-of-fit test based on a bivariate dispersion index. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis of a first-order bivariate integer-valued autoregressive model with marginal bivariate Poisson distribution is derived, and the finite-sample performance of the goodness-of-fit test is analyzed by simulations. A real-data example illustrate the application and usefulness of the test in practice.
A model template for reachability-based containment checking of imprecise observations in timed automata
Authors: Lehmann Sascha , Schupp Sibylle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVerifying safety requirements by model checking becomes increasingly important for safety-critical applications. For the validity of such proof in practice, the model needs to capture the actual behavior of the real system, which could be tested by containment checks of real observation traces. Basic equivalence checks, however, are not applicable if the system is only partially or imprecisely observable, if the model abstracts from explicit states with symbolic semantics, or if the checks are not expressible in the logics supported by a model checker. In this article, we solve the problem of observation containment checking in timed automata via reachability checking on tester systems. We introduce the logic SRL (sequence reachability logic) to express observations as sequences of delayed reachability properties. Through SBLL (introduced by Aceto et al.) as intermediate logic, we synthesize a set of matcher model templates for partial and imprecise observations and further extend these templates for the case of limited state accessibility in a model. For the obtained matching traces, we define the back-transformation into the original model domain and formally prove the correctness of the transformation. We implemented the observation matching approach, and apply it to a set of 7 demo and 3 case study models with different levels of observability. The results show that all positive and negative observations are correctly classified, and that the most advanced matcher model instance still offers average run times between 0.1 and 1 s in all but 3 scenarios.
Assessment of health literacy in healthcare workers: a multicentric cross-sectional study
Authors: Colaprico Corrado , Manai Maria Vittoria , Monaci Alessandro , Vezza Francesca , Carluccio Giovanna , Chiappetta Marta , La Torre Giuseppe 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aim
Health literacy (HL) includes the cognitive and social skills that determine the motivation and ability of individuals to access, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. All healthcare workers (HCW) need to be involved in this process, and to be able to take part in it effectively, they have to possess solid skills. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge concerning HCW employed in some teaching hospitals in Rome.

Subject and methods
HCW were invited to voluntarily answer the questions, delivered by the researcher or administered through a Google form, of the HLS-EU Q16 questionnaire, validated and translated into Italian: the first part collected demographic information and the second part related to the state of knowledge about HL.

Results
All professional categories considered show HL defined as “problematic.” In addition, paradoxically, the level of HL increases with increasing age (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.18) but decreases with increasing seniority (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84–0.95).

Conclusion
There is a need to improve the knowledge of health professionals with regard to health literacy through training activities and educational initiatives: this will make it possible not only to guide patients more effectively in health pathways but also to make them more autonomous in their choices.