bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arquitectura de barro. Reconstrucción gráfica del hábitat del inicio de la Edad del Bronce en el interior peninsular.
Authors: Fernández Moreno José Javier , Almeida Olmedo José Ramón 
Published: February 2016

<p>The results of the excavation of two archaeological sites from the Bronze Age in the province of Soria bring forward valuable information on the structure and town planning of the villages set up on high grounds in the second and third millennium BC, which are the oldest villages known in the upper area Duero river.</p><p>The building materials found on the sites tell us on the architectural solutions used in those villages. Their distribution, as well as the outlay of the household objects allow for an interpretation of the organization of the villages and the specialization of activities in relation to the different rooms.<br />In this way, one is provided with relevant information for a virtual reconstruction of these villages, complying with archaeological findings and integrating them into a digital model of the area.</p>
CT features of normal lung change in asymptomatic elderly patients
Authors: Leelakanok Nattinee , Piyavisetpat Nitra 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
Not all morphological lung changes in the elderly contribute to respiratory disease and may be a consequence of normal aging.

Objectives
To describe the changes in asymptomatic elderly patients compared with those in younger patients in a Thai population.

Methods
The study cohort comprised 60 participants without respiratory symptoms in three groups of 20 by age: 20-40 years, 41-60 years, and >60 years. Participants were prospectively selected from patients referred for computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen, or head and neck, and underwent sequential CT during deep breathing at four lung levels. Two observers scored images by consensus. We compared groups using Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests, and used receiver operating characteristic curves to categorize bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening by age.

Results
Air trapping was related to age (5/20 group 1, 7/20 group 2, and 18/20 group 3 (P <0.01)) and was most prevalent in lower lobes (78%, P < 0.01). Reticulation was found in only one middle aged patient (P = 0.36). Bronchiectasis was more common in patients <56 years (7/23) than <56 years (3/37), P = 0.035. Bronchial wall thickening (7/23 in patients >56 years and 2/37 in patients <56 years, P = 0.02) and extensive air trapping were related to age (0/6 group 1, 1/6 group 2, and 5/6 group 3, P = 0.02). Findings were independent of smoking history.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic older patients had higher prevalence of bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening, and air trapping, independent of smoking history.
Inserción de la temática Gestión de Riesgo y Cambio Climático con enfoque de género y gobernabilidad, como eje transversal, en la asignatura metodología de la investigación
Authors: Solís Zúniga Franklin 
Published: February 2016

La experiencia de investigación que aquí se presenta, está orientada al tema de la inserción de ejes transversales y atiende a una habilidad formativa cada vez más necesaria en el proceso de formación profesional de los/as estudiantes. Consiste en la incorporación de la temática gestión integral de riesgo y cambio climático con enfoque de género y gobernabilidad, como eje transversal, en la unidad dos, proceso de la investigación científica de la Asignatura Metodología de la Investigación de la Carrera de Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales del turno sabatino, durante los meses de abril a junio del año 2013.Esta investigación se realizó a partir de un diseño cualitativo desde la perspectiva de la Investigación Acción. Las técnicas aplicadas para la recolección de la información fueron, la observación, grupos de discusión, el diario de campo, los registros fotográficos y la entrevista como evaluación final. La información obtenida con las técnicas aplicadas fue analizada en función de los objetivos formulados y según su naturaleza cualitativa.Como resultado principal del trabajo realizado se obtuvo la integración del eje transversal de gestión de riesgo y cambio climático con enfoque de género y gobernabilidad, en la mayoría de las temáticas de investigación elegidas por los grupos de estudiantes. Por tanto, se puede decir que se logró comprobar la hipótesis de acción planteada.
Sustainable Varieties of Capitalism? The Greening of Steel Work in Brazil and Germany
Authors: Doering Heike , Evans Claire , Stroud Dean 
Published: February 2016

The aim of this article is to investigate the sustainability agenda and its implications for employment and managerial practices within different institutional contexts. The article uses the comparative capitalisms literature and, in particular, the Varieties of Capitalism framework to examine how multinational corporations (MNCs) can exploit different institutional contexts to achieve competitive advantages. We explore one multinational steel company’s i.e. SteelCo.AG varied responses to the emerging constraints of the sustainability agenda in Germany, as an example of a Coordinated Market Economy, and Brazil, as an example of a Hierarchical Market Economy. In particular, we focus on evidence concerning training, environmental practices and policies in the different company sites.We demonstrate how different institutional contexts favour different corporate strategies from an approach that exploits negative institutional complementarities, such as the “low-skill/low-cost trap,” to one that benefits from strong institutional coherence facilitating skills formation and innovation in response to environ-mental legislation. Our analysis argues for the importance of incorporating the green agenda as a marker of difference into the existing VoC framework. This allows for nuanced readings of unstable institutional complementarities in terms of operational, managerial and social innovation in different institutional contexts – with such analyses essential for understanding workers’ experiences of employment and work. Our contribution to the extant literature on the employment relationship, within the context of VoC analysis, therefore offers empirical material on understandings of employment relations within the HME category, as a new type within the VoC framework, through our discussion of a multinational’s activities in Brazil. This also allows us to focus on the way companies and other actors’ impact upon institutional frameworks and the distribution of power between different actors within particular contexts, thereby addressing recent discussions of the stability and homogeneity of institutional arrangements.
L’impact de l’évaluation collective ou individuelle des performances sur les équipes de travail: le cas d’une enseigne de restauration rapide et commerciale
Authors: Castel Davy , Triplet Sarah , Monsellato Pauline , Vallery Gérard 
Published: February 2016

L’impact du passage d’une évaluation collective à une évaluation individuelle de la performance, ou inversement, sur les équipes de travail et leur rendement est étudié en contexte réel au sein de deux équipes ayant récemment vécu le passage d’une évaluation collective à une évaluation individuelle pour l’une, et inversement pour l’autre. Si dans nos deux échantillons, l’évaluation individualisée s’accompagne d’une individualisation du rapport au travail, les effets sont plus contrastés en ce qui concerne le vécu individuel, la qualité des relations interpersonnelles et la performance. Lorsque, du fait des critères d’évaluation retenus, les contributions individuelles à la performance collective sont indétectables en l’absence d’évaluation individualisée, l’évaluation collective est associée à la suspicion et à une moindre performance en comparaison de l’évaluation individuelle. À l’inverse, lorsque selon les critères retenus pour évaluer la performance les membres de l’équipe peuvent aisément s’entraider pour améliorer la performance collective, l’évaluation collective est mieux perçue et est associée à de meilleures relations interpersonnelles et une meilleure performance que l’évaluation individuelle. Alors que l’évaluation individuelle est généralement privilégiée dans les entreprises, cette étude apporte des résultats empiriques à l’appui des recherches qui postulent que l’évaluation collective des équipes de travail est susceptible de renforcer la performance globale, en comparaison de l’évaluation individuelle de leurs membres, car elle favorise l’entraide et la régulation collective. Toutefois, ces résultats mettent en évidence que l’effet positif de l’évaluation collective en comparaison de l’évaluation individuelle n’est observé que lorsque les critères d’évaluation favorisent la régulation collective de la performance. Cette étude permet d’identifier ces deux éléments : 1- dans quel cas telle modalité d’évaluation semble préférable à telle autre; et 2- quels critères d’évaluation adopter pour favoriser les effets positifs de l’évaluation collective sur la performance engendrés par l’entraide et la régulation collective en cours d’activité.
Apparent source levels and active communication space of whistles of free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in the Pearl River Estuary and Beibu Gulf, China
Authors: Wang Zhi-Tao , W.L. Au Whitlow , Rendell Luke , Wang Ke-Xiong , Wu Hai-Ping , Wu Yu-Ping , Liu Jian-Chang , Duan Guo-Qin , Cao Han-Jiang , Wang Ding 
Published: February 2016

Background.Knowledge of species-specific vocalization characteristics and their associated active communication space, the effective range over which a communication signal can be detected by a conspecific, is critical for understanding the impacts of underwater acoustic pollution, as well as other threats.Methods.We used a two-dimensional cross-shaped hydrophone array system to record the whistles of free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in shallow-water environments of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and Beibu Gulf (BG), China. Using hyperbolic position fixing, which exploits time differences of arrival of a signal between pairs of hydrophone receivers, we obtained source location estimates for whistles with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR ≥10 dB) and not polluted by other sounds and back-calculated their apparent source levels (ASL). Combining with the masking levels (including simultaneous noise levels, masking tonal threshold, and theSousaauditory threshold) and the custom made site-specific sound propagation models, we further estimated their active communication space (ACS).Results.Humpback dolphins produced whistles with average root-mean-square ASL of 138.5 ± 6.8 (mean ± standard deviation) and 137.2 ± 7.0 dB re 1 µPa in PRE (N= 33) and BG (N= 209), respectively. We found statistically significant differences in ASLs among different whistle contour types. The mean and maximum ACS of whistles were estimated to be 14.7 ± 2.6 (median ± quartile deviation) and 17.1± 3.5 m in PRE, and 34.2 ± 9.5 and 43.5 ± 12.2 m in BG. Using just the auditory threshold as the masking level produced the mean and maximum ACSatof 24.3 ± 4.8 and 35.7 ± 4.6 m for PRE, and 60.7 ± 18.1 and 74.3 ± 25.3 m for BG. The small ACSs were due to the high ambient noise level. Significant differences in ACSs were also observed among different whistle contour types.Discussion.Besides shedding some light for evaluating appropriate noise exposure levels and information for the regulation of underwater acoustic pollution, these baseline data can also be used for aiding the passive acoustic monitoring of dolphin populations, defining the boundaries of separate groups in a more biologically meaningful way during field surveys, and guiding the appropriate approach distance for local dolphin-watching boats and research boat during focal group following.
Biodegradable Polymers: Medical Applications
Authors: Kunduru Konda Reddy , Basu Arijit , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBiodegradable polymers are the “green materials” of the future. They break down into smaller chemical fragments and are finally eliminated from the body. Biodegradable polymers have been used for more than 50 years with diverse applications such as surgical sutures, wound dressings, tissue regeneration, enzyme immobilization, controlled drug delivery and gene delivery, tissue engineering scaffold, cryopreservation, nanotechnology, medical implants and devices, prosthetics, augmentation, cosmetics, sanitation products, coatings, adhesives, and many more. This article reviews synthetic (esters, amides, ethers, urethanes) and natural (polysaccharides and proteins) biodegradable polymers, highlighting their biomedical applications.
Macromonomers
Authors: Neugebauer Dorota 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Macromonomers are large monomers containing repeating units and a polymerizable or functional group. Strategies such as grafting through (polymerization) and grafting to (coupling) are known as the macromonomer methods for the synthesis of functional “smart” polymers with nonlinear topologies and precisely designed properties. The variety of structures includes mono‐ and difunctional (homo‐ and heterofunctional), single‐, double‐, and triple‐tailed, star‐ and dendron‐tailed polymers. Well‐defined macromonomers are commonly applied as surface modifiers, stabilizers, compatibilizers, emulsifiers, and as building blocks of polymacromonomers, that is block and graft copolymers (molecular brushes), star copolymers (miktoarm stars), branched polymers, and networks. This articles overviews various types of macromonomers, synthetic methods for their preparation, representative examples, and the most common applications.
Credible Intervals
Authors: Argiento Raffaele 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this article, we discuss set estimation in a Bayesian framework. In particular, we give a formal definition for a credible set in the general multivariate parameter setting and detail the unidimensional case when the set estimator is restricted to be an interval. Moreover, we comment upon differences and similarities between interval estimates via Bayesian and non‐Bayesian methods.It is customary to ask that the credible set satisfies a minimum size optimality criterion, leading to the definition of highest posterior density regions. We mention some theoretical and computational issues of these optimal regions.
Personalized/Precision Medicine
Authors: Simon Richard 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Personalized medicine, sometimes called
precision or predictive medicine
, refers to the practice of using patient and disease characteristics to tailor the selection of medical procedures and treatments. In several areas of oncology, personalized/precision medicine is the current standard of care. Developments in oncology were driven by the development of next‐generation sequencing assays that demonstrated that many common diagnostic categories were heterogeneous with regard to the genomic alterations present in tumors and that these genomic alterations reflected the natural history and responsiveness to treatments. The discovery of these genomic alterations has also driven the process of cancer drug discovery. For other common, chronic diseases, the expectation that the discovery of germline polymorphisms correlated with disease prevalence would clarify disease etiology and lead to effective drug discovery has, to date, had more limited success. In this article, we give an overview of the importance of taking patient and disease characteristics into account in development of effective prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
Control Limits
Authors: Zappa Diego 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Control limits are one of the main elements of control charts. Generally speaking, a control chart is the graphical display of a statistic regarding the quality characteristic of interest, computed from a sample randomly drawn from a process at different time instances. As natural variability is always present in a process, we expect some variability on the control chart. Excessive variability, owing to special cause events, is referred to as being due to an assignable cause. Otherwise, when only chance causes – also called
common causes of variation
– are operating, the process is said to be in statistical control. In order to make a decision about the status of the process, control limits are typically positioned so that under the hypothesis of no deviation in the process, a type I probability error corresponds to an economically acceptable average run length. In this article, we discuss in a general manner how to compute control limits, and give some remarks on how limits should be computed so as to reduce false out of control signals.
Double‐Oxidative Dehydrogenative (DOD) Cyclization of Glycine Derivatives with Dioxane under Metal‐Free Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Huo Congde , Xie Haisheng , Chen Fengjuan , Tang Jing , Wang Yajun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe first carbon tetrabromide‐promoted novel double‐oxidative dehydrogenative cyclization/acidic ring opening/aromatization tandem reaction of glycine derivatives with dioxane for the synthesis of complex quinoline motifs has been developed (up to 71% yield). The use of very inexpensive substrates (glycine derivatives and dioxane) and an extremely simple metal‐free promoter (carbon tetrabromide) with green molecular oxygen (air) as an oxidant make this protocol very attractive for potential synthetic applications. A plausible mechanism involving a radical process is proposed.magnified image
Does allostatic load calculation method matter? Evaluation of different methods and individual biomarkers functioning by race/ethnicity and educational level
Authors: Howard Jeffrey T. , Sparks P. Johnelle 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesUsing nationally representative data for adults of age 25 years and older from four waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), collected from 2003 through 2010, this study examines differences in individual health markers used to calculate allostatic load, with particular attention given to stratification by race/ethnicity and educational level.MethodsFactor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation was used. Fisher's r to z transformation test was used to determine whether or not observed differences in factor loadings were statistically significant.ResultsThe findings reveal the unidimensionality of the concept of allostatic load and the underlying differences in associations between individual biomarkers and summary measures of allostatic load. Additionally, metabolic processes tend to be the most important predictor of allostatic load for all adults; however, inflammatory measures are more important in determining allostatic load scores for non‐Hispanic blacks compared to non‐Hispanic whites and for adults with less than a college education compared to adults with some college or a college degree.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the continued importance of studying the concept of “weathering” or allostatic load at the population level and need to better understand how population groups facing exclusion from economic, social, and political power may internalize this position which may cause early health deterioration and ultimate mortality chance through different expression of health insults and premature aging. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:627–635, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthese hochfunktionalisierter 4‐Aminochinoline
Authors: Wezeman Tim , Zhong Sabilla , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEs wurde eine diverse Bibliothek substituierter 4‐Aminochinoline in einem Schritt aus Inamiden, Trifluormethansulfonsäure‐Anhydrid, 2‐Chlorpyridin und leicht zugänglichen Amiden synthetisiert.
Evaluation of a new water‐compatible hybrid molecularly imprinted polymer combined with restricted access for the selective recognition of folic acid in binding assays
Authors: de Oliveira Fernanda Midori , Segatelli Mariana Gava , Tarley César Ricardo Teixeira 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis article deals with the synthesis of an organic−inorganic hybrid molecularly imprinted poly(methacrylic acid‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate)/SiO2 combined with restricted access. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and textural data were used to characterize the structure of material. Higher selectivity was obtained for the molecularly imprinted polymer with restricted access when compared to nonimprinted polymer with restricted access, confirming the imprinting effect. The folic acid sorption for the polymers molecularly imprinted with restricted access, nonimprinted with restricted access, and molecularly imprinted, exhibited the following values of 5.6, 4.5, and 4.8 mg g−1, respectively. Kinetic experimental data were very well adjusted to Elovich and pseudo‐second‐order models, which suggest that the sorption of folic acid takes place in binding sites with different energies. The obtained values of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy of −12.79 kJ mol−1, −36.38 K−1 J mol−1, and −1.76 kJ mol−1, respectively, showed that the sorption of folic acid onto molecularly imprinted polymer combined with restricted access occurs spontaneously, is of both exothermic and of physical nature with an increase of ordering at the solid−solution interface. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43463.
In vitro and in vivo investigational studies of a nanocomposite‐hydrogel‐based dressing with a silver‐coated chitosan wafer for full‐thickness skin wounds
Authors: Jaiswal Maneesh , Koul Veena , Dinda Amit Kr. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTA nanocomposite reservoir‐type hydrogel dressing of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) was fabricated by a freeze–thaw method and loaded with silver‐nanoparticle‐coated chitosan wafers (Ag–CHWs). The Ag–CHWs were synthesized by a sonication technique with silver nitrate (AgNO3) and chitosan powder. Scanning electron microscopy images showed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a size range of 10 ± 4 nm on the surface of the chitosan wafers, and the antibacterial efficacy (minimum inhibitory concentration) of the Ag–CHWs was measured against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32 µg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus, (30 µg/mL) and Escherichia coli (32 µg/mL). The antimicrobial PVA hydrogel showed an improved tensile strength (∼0.28 MPa) and gel content (∼92%) in comparison with the blank hydrogels. Full‐thickness‐excision wound studies of the nanocomposite dressing on Wistar rats revealed enhanced wound contraction, improved inflammation response, re‐epithelization rate, neoangiogenesis, and granulation tissue formation in comparison to the control group. A flexible, biocompatible, nanocomposite reservoir dressing not only established the chitosan as a stabilizer but also proved the efficacious and safe utility of AgNPs toward chronic wound management. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43472.