bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barbed sutures versus conventional sutures for wound closure in spine surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sarhan Khalid , Elmahdi Reem Reda , Mohamed Rashad G. , Serag Ibrahim , Abouzid Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSuturing techniques for wound closure in spine surgeries play a critical role in patient outcomes, including wound healing, reintervention, and risk of complications. Barbed sutures, characterized by their self-anchoring properties, have emerged as a potential alternative to conventional sutures in various surgical disciplines. While previous studies have underscored their efficacy and safety in spine surgeries, no meta-analysis has been conducted. Therefore, we are undertaking this study. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search on electronic databases to obtain the relevant studies until May 5, 2024. Our primary outcomes were operative time, wound closure time, and postoperative wound complications like seroma or hematoma formation and wound infection. The secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay, reintervention rates, and costs. Data was pooled using a random effects model. We included seven eligible studies with a total of 8645 patients. Our meta-analysis showed that barbed sutures had shorter operative time and wound closure time compared to conventional sutures (MD -20.13 min, 95% CI [-28.47, -11.78], P < 0.001) and (MD -16.36 min, 95% CI [-20.9, -11.82], P < 0.001), respectively. Both suturing techniques showed comparable results in terms of overall postoperative wound complications (RR 0.83, 95% CI [0.60, 1.14], P = 0.25), postoperative infections (RR 0.59, 95% CI [0.33, 1.06], P = 0.08), length of hospital stay (MD -0.26 day, 95% CI [-0.75, 0.22], P = 0.28), rates of reintervention between the two groups (RR 0.99, 95% CI [0.48, 2.05], P = 0.98). Barbed sutures in spine surgeries are associated with significantly shortened wound closure and operative times. However, high-quality RCT’s with long-term follow-up and cost-effectiveness assessment are required to support the evidence.
Main Stages and Features of the Development of Husserl’s Conception of Metaphysics: Or How Might We Thematize the “Supreme and Ultimate Questions” in a Phenomenologically Legitimate Manner?
Authors: Marosan Bence Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we provide an overview of the main stages in the development of Edmund Husserl’s conception of metaphysics, highlighting its most significant characteristics. We propose that Husserl’s views on metaphysics traversed three main stages: (1) from the early 1890s until his so-called “transcendental turn” around 1906/07; (2) from his transcendental turn until the late 1920s, and (3) the metaphysical conceptualization during the 1930s, aptly characterized as—following the interpretation of László Tengelyi—a “metaphysics of primal facts” (Urfakta, Urtatsache). We further demonstrate that Husserl’s considerations concerning metaphysics—throughout his entire opus—span three essential levels: (1) the epistemological level, in particular, phenomenological preparations to establish a foundation for metaphysics; (2) a level concerning metaphysics as the universal and ultimate science of reality, and (3) a level addressing metaphysics as a proper field of phenomenological investigations into the highest and ultimate questions (such as God and immortality). We argue in detail that Husserl attempted to render this field—which radically transcends the domain of possible intuitions (Anschauungen) and direct experience—accessible to a legitimate phenomenological treatment via the method of phenomenological constructions, prior to the efforts of Eugen Fink.
Sample Thickness and Edge Proximity Influence Spatial Behavior of Filaments and Treatment Uniformity of RF Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
Authors: Polášková Kateřina , Nečas David , Dostál Lukáš , Klíma Miloš , Zajíčková Lenka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ability of atmospheric pressure plasma jets to treat complex non-planar surfaces is often cited as their advantage over other atmospheric plasmas. However, the effect of complex surfaces on plasma parameters and treatment efficiency has seldom been studied. Herein, we investigate the interaction of the atmospheric pressure plasma slit jet (PSJ) with block polypropylene samples of different thicknesses (5 and 30 mm) moving at two different speeds. Even though the distance between the slit outlet and the sample surface was kept constant, the treatment efficiency of PSJ ignited in the Ar and $$\hbox {Ar/O}_2$$

Ar/O
2

gas feeds varied with the sample thickness due to the plasma parameters such as filament count and speed being affected by the different distances of the ground (the closer the ground is, the higher the discharge electric field). On the other hand, the $$\hbox {Ar/N}_2$$

Ar/N
2

PSJ diffuse plasma plumes were less affected by the changes in the electric field, and the treatment efficiency was the same for both sample thicknesses. Additionally, we observed a difference in the efficiency and uniformity of the PSJ treatment of the edges and the central areas in some working conditions. The treatment efficiency near the edges depended on the duration of the filament contact, i. e., how long the local electric field trapped the filaments. Conversely, the treatment uniformity near the edges and in the central areas was different if the number of filaments changed rapidly as the discharge moved on and off the sample (the 5 mm samples treated by easily sustained Ar PSJ).
The role of artificial intelligence in coronary CT angiography
Authors: van Herten Rudolf L. M. , Lagogiannis Ioannis , Leiner Tim , Išgum Ivana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCoronary CT angiography (CCTA) offers an efficient and reliable tool for the non-invasive assessment of suspected coronary artery disease through the analysis of coronary artery plaque and stenosis. However, the detailed manual analysis of CCTA is a burdensome task requiring highly skilled experts. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have made significant progress toward a more comprehensive automated analysis of CCTA images, offering potential improvements in terms of speed, performance and scalability. This work offers an overview of the recent developments of AI in CCTA. We cover methodological advances for coronary artery tree and whole heart analysis, and provide an overview of AI techniques that have shown to be valuable for the analysis of cardiac anatomy and pathology in CCTA. Finally, we provide a general discussion regarding current challenges and limitations, and discuss prospects for future research.
Moving towards a uniform diagnosis of coronary artery disease on coronary CTA
Authors: Celeng Csilla , Takx Richard A. P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Coronary Artery Disease—Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) is a standardised reporting method which was created in order to improve communication with referring physicians as well as for management considerations. The CAD-RADS score denotes the absence or presence of stenosis, while plaque burden and potential modifiers provide insight into plaque extent and characteristics. The modifier ischaemia enables the incorporation of fractional flow reserve CT and CT perfusion, while the modifier exception is used to denote potential coronary abnormalities. Higher CAD-RADS categories demonstrate incremental prognostic value, with further improvement when taking plaque burden into account. CAD-RADS improves communication with the referring clinician as well as guiding therapeutic management and as such is relevant to uniform patient care in the Netherlands.
The influence of second-order metacognitive judgments on cognitive offloading within the monitoring-control relationship
Authors: Ma Yuan , Fujinami Tsutomu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCognitive offloading refers to using an external medium such as paper to remember information rather than relying solely on memory. Previous research has suggested that individuals’ perceived memory performance may influence their decision to employ cognitive offloading as a learning strategy. However, ubiquitous distortions in metacognitive judgments limit the learning gains. Motivated by this, the current study incorporated second-order metacognitive judgments (SOJs) with distorted first-order metacognitive judgments (FOJs) within a learning context that allowed cognitive offloading. We investigated how individuals decide to employ cognitive offloading based on two levels of self-assessments. Eighty participants from the U.S. were recruited remotely to complete online paired-associate tasks. They learned 48 paired associates on an item-by-item basis, providing a FOJ, an SOJ, and a strategy (offload or not) on each trial. Our findings showed a significant effect of interaction between FOJs and SOJs on the selection of cognitive offloading. Additionally, there were significant variabilities in employing cognitive offloading across individual participants and word pairs. We concluded that SOJs influence the association between FOJs and strategy choices. Furthermore, we attributed the observed interaction to the assessment and regulation of SOJ about FOJ.
Concretising the Legal Professional Community in Late Imperial China, c. 1700–1900
Authors: Chen Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines the empire-wide legal professional community that emerged for the first time in Chinese history during the Qing period (1644–1911). By analyzing a wide range of archival records and primary sources, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamic configurations of late imperial China’s legal culture and juridical field, as well as the thousands of legal specialists who shaped them. The findings challenge much of the received wisdom about late imperial China, which has too often been assumed as a Confucian society that discouraged the use of law and legal expertise and was therefore unlikely to have witnessed so many Confucian literati becoming legal specialists, both within and outside the judicial system.
Antibiotic stewardship bundle for uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia at an academic health system: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: DiPietro Juliana , Dubrovskaya Yanina , Marsh Kassandra , Decano Arnold , Papadopoulos John , Mazo Dana , Inglima Kenneth , Major Vincent , So Jonathon , Yuditskiy Samuel , Siegfried Justin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate whether an antimicrobial stewardship bundle (ASB) can safely empower frontline providers in the treatment of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSI).

Intervention and Method:
From March 2021 to February 2022, we implemented an ASB intervention for GN-BSI in the electronic medical record (EMR) to guide clinicians at the point of care to optimize their own antibiotic decision-making. We conducted a before-and-after quasi-experimental pre-bundle (preBG) and post-bundle (postBG) study evaluating a composite of in-hospital mortality, infection-related readmission, GN-BSI recurrence, and bundle-related outcomes.

Setting:
New York University Langone Health (NYULH), Tisch/Kimmel (T/K) and Brooklyn (BK) campuses, in New York City, New York.

Patients:
Out of 1097 patients screened, the study included 225 adults aged ≥18 years (101 preBG vs 124 postBG) admitted with at least one positive blood culture with a monomicrobial gram-negative organism.

Results:
There was no difference in the primary composite outcome (12.9% preBG vs. 7.3% postBG; P = 0.159) nor its individual components of in-hospital mortality, 30-day infection-related readmission, and GN-BSI recurrence. Vancomycin (VAN) discontinuation (DC) was done more frequently by the primary team in postBG (37.9% vs 66.7%; P < 0.001). In postBG, de-escalation done by the primary team increased by 8.8%, P = 0.310 and there was an 11.1% increase in the use of aminopenicillin-based antibiotics, P = 0.043.

Conclusions:
GN-BSI bundle worked as a nudge-based strategy to guide providers in VAN DC and increased de-escalation to aminopenicillin-based antibiotics without negatively impacting patient outcomes.
Carbon Pricing for International Shipping and Border Carbon Adjustment Mechanisms: A Case for Regulatory Cooperation
Authors: Dominioni Goran , Petit Christy Ann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The European Union (EU) has extended the application of the EU emissions trading scheme to international shipping and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and various countries are working on implementing instruments that put a price on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from this sector. Due to these policy developments, GHG emissions from shipping may become subject to multiple pricing instruments in the coming years. In response, stakeholders have voiced concerns over the potential negative impacts that this could have on both the shipping industry and international trade, and called for double pricing to be avoided. Against this background, this article discusses the potential pros and cons of double pricing GHG emissions from shipping and identifies options to reduce its negative impacts. Overall, the article finds that the case to avoid double pricing rests on a balance of competing interests, contextual factors, and instrument design. If policymakers aim to avoid double pricing, regulatory cooperation between policymakers working on shipping decarbonisation and border carbon adjustment mechanisms can provide important lessons on how to do so.
On the turbulent viscosity parameter C
μ
in the k–ϵ model
Authors: Mishra Harshit , Venayagamoorthy Subhas Karan 
Published: October 2024

The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models depend on empirical constants to close the Reynolds stress terms. The empirical constants were obtained using experiments conducted at low Reynolds numbers several decades ago. In this paper, we revisit the turbulent viscosity parameter

$C_\mu$

, based on the stress–intensity ratio

$c^2 = {|\overline {uw}|}/{k}$

. Here,

$\overline {|uw|}$

and

$k$

are the absolute values of the Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy, respectively. Through a priori comparisons, we find that the currently accepted value of

$C_\mu = 0.09$

does not agree with the latest direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experimental datasets of wall-bounded turbulent planar flows. Therefore, a new value is suggested by averaging

$c^2$

in the equilibrium region, where the production (

$\mathcal {P}$

) of

$k$

is within 10 % of the dissipation rate (

$\epsilon$

), and consequently,

$c^4 \approx C_\mu$

. We evaluate flows up to friction Reynolds number

$Re_\tau \approx 10\,000$

and find that with increasing

$Re_\tau$

,

$C_\mu$

approaches a value of 0.06, which is almost 50 % lower than the prevalent value of 0.09. Finally, we perform an a priori test with the new (proposed) value of

$C_\mu = 0.06$

to show that the estimated turbulent viscosity

$\nu _T$

for wall-bounded flows is in much closer agreement with the exact (DNS) values than when

$\nu _T$

is estimated using

$C_\mu = 0.09$

.
Diverse Disconnectedness: Homophily, Social Capital Inequality, and Student Experiences in Law School
Authors: Paik Anthony , Ballakrishnen Swethaa , Silver Carole , Boutcher Steven , Whitworth Tanya Rouleau 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Law school students are encouraged frequently to “network.” However, depending on demographic categories, they may have access to differently resourced social networks in law school. In this article, we draw from our mixed-methods research to explore this diversity of experience, its limitations of access, and the possible network inequalities that may limit the value of legal education to diverse students across different institutional contexts. Using survey and network data (N = 744), collected during the fall of 2019 from three law schools, as well as supplementary interview data (N = 55), we examined students’ social networks, the structures of these relationships, and their associations with law school satisfaction. We find that, while students tended to cluster based on shared characteristics (that is, race, gender, sexual identity, political orientation, religion, and age) and contexts (that is, type of program, section assignments), these emergent clusters produced disparities in satisfaction across racial categories. Homophilous networks were tied to satisfaction for Black and White students, but the same embeddedness was associated with lower satisfaction with law school for Asian and Latinx students. These results provide grounds for rethinking how diversity matters in law school and its implications for marginalized students’ experience and success.
The complexity of teaching Hebrew in Israel's Arab school system
Authors: Manor Rama , Watad Ali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses the complexities of teaching Hebrew to Israel's largest minority group, the Arabs, who must be fluent in the language if they are to succeed. While policy-making institutions in Israel today are aware of the importance of Hebrew for Arab students, the teaching of Hebrew faces serious challenges involving the status of Hebrew in Arab society, the inner-Arab state of diglossia, and the training and placement of Arab teachers of Hebrew. The distribution of the Arab population (in mixed Jewish–Arab towns, and in Arab towns and villages), as well as differing levels of exposure to Hebrew, also pose considerable challenges. The paper combines a historical-theoretical with a philosophical-theoretical approach. It analyzes findings of previous studies that examined Hebrew writings of Arabs studying to be teachers of Hebrew, and policy documents dealing with teacher training and placement in the schools. Our study found a profound gap between Arab Hebrew teachers' academic-pedagogical training and its implementation. Our main recommendations for reducing the gap are: (1) the curriculum should take Israeli Arabs' sociolinguistic situation into account; (2) the teacher placement system needs an overhaul; and (3) the teaching of Hebrew should begin in third grade.
The challenge of etiologic diagnosis of subacute and chronic meningitis: an analysis of 183 patients
Authors: Haddad Mahboubeh , Sheybani Fereshte , Shirazinia Matin , Khoroushi Farzaneh , Baghestani Zahra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Subacute and chronic meningitis (SCM) presents significant diagnostic challenges, with numerous infectious and non-infectious inflammatory causes. This study examined patients aged 16 and older with SCM admitted to referral centers for neuroinfections and neuroinflammations in Mashhad, Iran, between March 2015 and October 2022. Among 183 episodes, tuberculous meningitis was the most common infectious cause (46.5%), followed by Brucella meningitis (24.6%). The cause of SCM was definitively proven in 40.4%, presumptive in 35.0%, and unknown in 24.6% of cases. In-hospital mortality was 14.4%, and 30.5% of survivors experienced unfavorable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale 2–4). Patients with unknown causes had a significantly higher risk of death compared to those with presumptive or proven diagnoses (risk ratio 4.18). This study emphasizes the diagnostic difficulties of SCM, with one-quarter of cases remaining undiagnosed and over one-third having only a presumptive diagnosis. Improving diagnostic methods could potentially enhance prognosis and reduce mortality.
Ambulance Transports from NCAA Division 1 Football Games
Authors: Shekhar Aditya C. , Alexander Abel , Simms Michael , Jahan Mehek , Haugen Anna , Lu Michelle , Ball Robert , Clement Jeffrey 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroduction:There is significant public health interest towards providing medical care at mass-gathering events. Furthermore, mass gatherings have the potential to have a detrimental impact on the availability of already-limited municipal Emergency Medical Services (EMS) resources. This study presents a cross-sectional descriptive analysis to report broad trends regarding patients who were transported from National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate football games at a major public university in order to better inform emergency preparedness and resource planning for mass gatherings.Methods:Patient care reports (PCRs) from ambulance transports originating from varsity collegiate football games at the University of Minnesota across six years were examined. Pertinent information was abstracted from each PCR.Results:Across the six years of data, there were a total of 73 patient transports originating from NCAA collegiate football games: 45.2% (n = 33) were male, and the median age was 22 years. Alcohol-related chief complaints were involved in 50.7% (n = 37) of transports. In total, 31.5% of patients had an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of less than 15. The majority (65.8%; n = 48; 0.11 per 10,000 attendees) were transported by Basic Life Support (BLS) ambulances. The remaining patients (34.2%; n = 25; 0.06 per 10,000 attendees) were transported by Advanced Life Support (ALS) ambulances and were more likely to be older, have abnormal vital signs, and have a lower GCS.Conclusions:This analysis of ambulance transports from NCAA Division 1 collegiate football games emphasizes the prevalence of alcohol-related chief complaints, but also underscores the likelihood of more life-threatening conditions at mass gatherings. These results and additional research will help inform emergency preparedness at mass-gathering events.
Social status, chaste widowhood, and trends in marital age gaps in post-Imjin Korea, 1606–1630
Authors: Han Sangwoo , Lee Byung-Ho 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of warfare on nuptial patterns, focusing on the trends and characteristics of age differences within marriage. Specifically, it explores the socio-demographic outcomes of the Imjin War (1592–1598) and post-war reconstruction in Korea, using the earliest extant Chosŏn household registers, compiled between 1606 and 1630. Individual-level microdata were derived involving 2,336 married couples based on 11,749 entries in these registers, covering four administrative districts located in the southeastern region of the Korean peninsula severely devastated by the war. Factors such as status, property, warfare, social practices, and legal regulations influenced spousal age differences. First, social rank and family wealth played pivotal roles, with age gaps widening as a husband's socio-economic status increased. Second, females born after 1580, whose first marriages were affected by the Imjin War and post-war circumstances, experienced an average marital age gap of about ten years. Third, this effect was further complicated by the imposition of socio-legal rules on remarriage; that is, the yangban entailed a pronounced age difference owing to the Neo-Confucian norm of chaste widowhood. This study enriches the understanding of historical marriage customs in Korea and offers insights for studies on age disparity in marriage.
A Critical Review of the Energy Charter Treaty from an Earth System Law Perspective
Authors: Cocciolo Endrius , Reins Leonie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) is one of the best-known and most controversial of the international investment treaties. The energy transition necessary to achieve the Paris Agreement climate target will require large and sustained flows of investment capital. Scholars, environmentalists, industry representatives, and governmental officials have intensively debated the modernization of the ECT. The main point of contention is whether the ECT can facilitate the energy transition or whether it entrenches fossil lock-in in unsustainable and unjust ways. This article proposes a comprehensive and integrated approach to the ECT, guided by the theoretical matrix of Earth system law scholarship. Our analysis reveals that the ECT cannot address contemporary socio-ecological challenges, but rather it remains a sectoral piece of a supranational economic constitution far removed from the most pressing exigencies of the Anthropocene.