bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continental rift evolution and drainage reorganization along the Dead Sea rift since the Miocene
Authors: Matmon A. , Avni Y. , Guralnik B. , Hidy A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Dead Sea fault is a section of the Arabian-African plate boundary. Widespread field relations indicate that three major drainage systems (stages) occupied the landscape west of the Dead Sea fault since its initiation at ca. 20 Ma. Specifically, (1) an early to middle Miocene drainage system, only minorly reconfigured by the fault (all sediments of this system belong to the Hazeva Formation); (2) a late Miocene to early Pleistocene fault-parallel drainage system named Paran-Neqarot (all sediments of this system belong to the Arava and Zehiha Formations; and (3) the early Pleistocene to present drainage configuration. The temporal and spatial frameworks of drainage stage 1 are generally constrained by radiometric dating of interfingering volcanic units, and the onset and temporal and spatial frameworks of drainage stage 3 are well constrained by cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages. The timing and longevity of the rift-parallel drainage (stage 2) have until now been evasive to direct dating. The overall time gap between stages 1 and 3 is ~12–13 million years. Thus, an early age (within this time gap) of stage 2 would imply an immediate response of drainage reorganization to rift tectonics, while a later age of this drainage system would imply a delayed response. We present 11 10Be-26Al cosmogenic burial ages of alluvial and colluvial units related to the fault-parallel drainage system (stage 2), which collectively constrain the time of deposition of the Arava Formation sediments in the central Negev to ca. 8 Ma. The general lack of stratigraphic order, together with the large dispersion of ages both across and within the sampling sites, attests to significant recycling of sediments from drainage stage 1 into the Arava Formation deposits. The termination of Arava and Zehiha Formation sediment deposition at ca. 1.8 Ma was determined previously using cosmogenic exposure ages of desert pavements that cover the formations. Combining the previously published data with our new data, we established the longevity and character of the Paran-Neqarot drainage system. This framework highlights the temporal aspect of drainage system build-up and collapse as it responded to transform and extensional plate boundary tectonics during the Neogene.
Body-size reductions in dacryoconarid tentaculitoids during Late Devonian warming
Authors: Prow-Fleischer Ashley N. , Lu Zunli , Meehan Kimberly C. , Yang Zonglin , Ivany Linda C. , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Body size is an essential factor in an organism's survival, and when paired with paleoenvironmental proxies, size trends can provide insights into a lineage's evolutionary responses to changing environmental conditions. This study explores the diversity and body-volume trends of dacryoconarid tentaculitoids, globally abundant marine zooplankton, in the Devonian of the Appalachian Basin (eastern United States), spanning the late Givetian through the middle Frasnian punctata carbon isotope excursion. Using statistical approaches to model trends, we find evidence of a gradual, within-lineage reduction in styliolinid adult body sizes starting at the Givetian-Frasnian boundary. This reduction is followed by a significant decrease in both adult and initial chamber volumes during the punctata excursion. At the Givetian-Frasnian boundary, annulated forms (nowakiids) become rare and smooth forms (styliolinids) begin to dominate the assemblage. Using pre-existing geological and geochemical data sets, we consider environmental factors, including sea level, anoxia, nutrient availability, and temperature, as potential drivers of body-size reductions. Bottom-water anoxia most likely did not influence body-size trends of this pelagic group, but frequent water-column overturning in the Frasnian or other exchange between deep and shallow water may have affected taxonomic composition, favoring styliolinids. Sea-surface temperature correlates inversely with body size, suggesting that warming beginning in the early Frasnian may have contributed to gradual, long-term size reductions. Rising temperatures through the middle Frasnian may have led to the disappearance of dacryoconarids in the northern Appalachian Basin after the excursion.
Emotion regulation profiles in Syrian refugees and migrants in Germany: self-efficacy, resilience and well-being comparisons
Authors: Churbaji Dana , Schlechter Pascal , Nickerson Angela , Morina Nexhmedin 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundEmotion regulation (ER) plays a central role in psychopathology. Understanding person-centred patterns of ER strategies is crucial for prevention and intervention strategies. However, there is a paucity of research on ER profiles and their psychological correlates in forcibly displaced people (FDP).ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify habitual ER profiles and to examine the predictive role of different psychological variables on these profiles in Syrian FDP in Germany.MethodIn a sample of 991 individuals, we conducted a latent profile analysis (LPA) to assess habitual reappraisal and suppression of emotion as ER strategies, as well as self-efficacy, resilience, well-being comparisons, trauma exposure and International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as potential predictors of ER profile membership.ResultsLPA identified four distinct ER profiles: high regulators (12.8%), low regulators (20.6%), reappraisal regulators (25.1%) and suppressive regulators (41.5%). In multinomial regression analysis, self-efficacy, resilience, appetitive well-being comparisons and trauma exposure were significantly associated with profile membership, while PTSD and aversive well-being comparisons showed no significant association. High regulators exhibited the highest levels of self-efficacy, resilience and appetitive well-being comparisons, followed by reappraisal, suppressive and low regulators. Additionally, high regulators reported the highest number of traumatic events, followed by suppressive and low regulators.ConclusionsOur results indicate a higher adaptiveness in high regulation ER profiles as opposed to low regulation ER profiles.Clinical implicationsGiven that most FDP in our sample relied predominantly on one ER strategy, developing interventions that focus on cultivating a broad repertoire of ER strategies may be beneficial.
Optimising remote monitoring for cardiac implantable electronic devices: a UK Delphi consensus
Authors: Ahmad Shumaila , Straw Sam , Gierula John , Roberts Eleri , Collinson Jason , Swift Matthew , Monkhouse Chris , Broadhurst Lucy , Allan Annabel , Jamil Haqeel A , Dixon Anne , Black Paula , Pinnell Ian , Law Hannah , Archer Natalie , Ahmed Fozia , Paton Maria F 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundRemote monitoring (RM) is recommended for the ongoing management of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Despite its benefits, RM adoption has increased the workload for cardiac rhythm management teams. This study used a modified Delphi method to develop a consensus on optimal RM management for adult patients with a CIED in the UK.MethodsA national steering committee comprising cardiac physiologists, cardiologists, specialist nurses, support professionals and a patient representative developed 114 statements on best RM practices, covering capacity, support, service delivery, coordination and clinical escalation. An online questionnaire was used to gather input from UK specialists, with consensus defined as ≥75% agreement.ResultsBetween 16 October 2023 and 4 December 2023, 115 responses were received. Of the statements, 79 (69%) achieved high agreement (≥90%), 20 (18%) showed moderate agreement (75%–89%) and 15 (13%) did not achieve consensus. The highest agreement focused on patient education and support, while the lowest concerned workload distribution.ConclusionsThere is strong agreement on best practices for RM of CIEDs among UK healthcare professionals. Key recommendations include ensuring patient access, providing adequate resources, adopting new working methods, enhancing patient education, establishing clear clinical escalation pathways and standardising national policies. Implementing these best practices, tailored to local capabilities, is essential for effective and equitable RM services across the UK.
Spatial colocalization and combined survival benefit of natural killer and CD8 T cells despite profound MHC class I loss in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wessel Remziye E , Ageeb Nardin , Obeid Joseph M , Mauldin Ileana S , Goundry Kate A , Hanson Gabriel F , Hossain Mahdin , Lehman Chad , Gentzler Ryan D , Wages Nolan A , Slingluff Craig L , Bullock Timothy N J , Dolatshahi Sepideh , Brown Michael G 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMajor histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) loss is frequent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) rendering tumor cells resistant to T cell lysis. NK cells kill MHC-I-deficient tumor cells, and although previous work indicated their presence at NSCLC margins, they were functionally impaired. Within, we evaluated whether NK cell and CD8 T cell infiltration and activation vary with MHC-I expression.MethodsWe used single-stain immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Kaplan-Meier analysis to test the effect of NK cell and CD8 T cell infiltration on overall and disease-free survival. To delineate immune covariates of MHC-I-disparate lung cancers, we used multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) imaging followed by multivariate statistical modeling. To identify differences in infiltration and intercellular communication between IFNγ-activated and non-activated lymphocytes, we developed a computational pipeline to enumerate single-cell neighborhoods from mIF images followed by multivariate discriminant analysis.ResultsSpatial quantitation of tumor cell MHC-I expression revealed intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, which was associated with the local lymphocyte landscape. IHC analysis revealed that high CD56+cell numbers in patient tumors were positively associated with disease-free survival (HR=0.58, p=0.064) and overall survival (OS) (HR=0.496, p=0.041). The OS association strengthened with high counts of both CD56+and CD8+cells (HR=0.199, p<1×10−3). mIF imaging and multivariate discriminant analysis revealed enrichment of both CD3+CD8+T cells and CD3–CD56+NK cells in MHC-I-bearing tumors (p<0.05). To infer associations of functional cell states and local cell–cell communication, we analyzed spatial single-cell neighborhood profiles to delineate the cellular environments of IFNγ+/–NK cells and T cells. We discovered that both IFNγ+NK and CD8 T cells were more frequently associated with other IFNγ+lymphocytes in comparison to IFNγ–NK cells and CD8 T cells (p<1×10–30). Moreover, IFNγ+lymphocytes were most often found clustered near MHC-I+tumor cells.ConclusionsTumor-infiltrating NK cells and CD8 T cells jointly affected control of NSCLC tumor progression. Coassociation of NK and CD8 T cells was most evident in MHC-I-bearing tumors, especially in the presence of IFNγ. Frequent colocalization of IFNγ+NK cells with other IFNγ+lymphocytes in near-neighbor analysis suggests NSCLC lymphocyte activation is coordinately regulated.
Attainment of EULAR/ERA-EDTA targets of therapy with current immunosuppressive regimens and adjustments in treatment: a multicentre, real-life observational study
Authors: Pappa Maria , Kosmetatou Maria , Pieta Antigone , Nikoloudaki Myrto , Liapis Nektarios Marios , Tsalapaki Christina , Chalkia Aglaia , Argyriou Evangelia , Dimitroulas Theodoros , Cheila Myrto , Demirtzoglou Georgios , Papagoras Charalampos , Goules Andreas , Katsiari Christina , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios , Sidiropoulos Prodromos , Boki Kyriaki A , Sfikakis Petros P , Liapis George , Gakiopoulou Harikleia , Voulgari Paraskevi V , Boumpas Dimitrios T , Bertsias George , Tektonidou Maria G , Fanouriakis Antonis 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo estimate real-life European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/European Renal Association (ERA)-European Dialysis and Transplantation Association (EDTA) response rates and predictors for no response in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) managed with conventional immunosuppressive therapies.MethodsAmbidirectional cohort study of patients with new-onset LN (period 2014–to date). Response rates in the first year were calculated, and all treatment modifications were recorded. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess determinants of failure to respond at 12 months.Results140 patients were included (81.4% women, median (IQR) age at LN diagnosis 38 (22) years). Among them, 32.1% presented with nephrotic range proteinuria, 28.6% with glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min, 76.6% had proliferative and 19.7% class V LN. Initial treatment consisted of cyclophosphamide in 51.4% of patients (84.7% high-dose, 15.3% low-dose) and mycophenolate in 32.1%. 120 patients had available data at 12 months. EULAR/ERA-EDTA renal response rates at 3, 6 and 12 months were achieved by 72.6%, 78.5% % and 69.2% of patients, respectively. In multivariate analysis, increased Chronicity Index at baseline was associated with failure to achieve either complete or partial response at 12 months (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.77). Notably, 20% of patients required treatment modifications due to suboptimal response during the first 12 months, with the addition of or switch to a different immunosuppressive drug in seven and nine patients, respectively.ConclusionsMore than two-thirds of patients with LN attain EULAR/ERA-EDTA response rates by 12 months, but 20% require therapy modifications within this time period. Patients with increased chronicity in baseline biopsy, when combined with histological activity, are at higher risk for a lack of clinical response.
QEYSSat 2.0—white paper on satellite-based quantum communication missions in Canada
Authors: Jennewein Thomas , Simon Christoph , Fougères André , Babin François , Asadi Faezeh Kimiaee , Kuntz Katanya B. , Maisonneuve Mathieu , Moffat Brian , Mohammadi Kimia , Panneton Denis 
Published: September 2024

We present the white paper developed during the QEYSSat 2.0 study, which was undertaken between June 2021 and March 2022. The study objective was to establish a technology road-map for a Canada-wide quantum network enabled by satellites. We survey the state-of-art in quantum communication technologies, identify the main applications and architectures, review the technical readiness levels and technology bottlenecks and identify a future mission scenario. We report the findings of a dedicated one-day workshop that included Canadian stakeholders from government, industry and academia to gather inputs and insights for the applications and technical road-map. We also provide an overview of the Quantum EncrYption and Science Satellite (QEYSSat) mission expected to launch in 2024–2025 and its anticipated outcomes. One of the main outcomes of this study is that developing the main elements for a Canada-wide quantum internet will have the highest level of impact, which includes Canada-wide entanglement distribution and teleportation. We present and analyze a possible future mission (“QEYSSat 2.0”) that would enable long-range quantum teleportation across Canada as an important step towards this vision.
Generalization of conformal Hamada operators
Authors: Rachwał Lesław , do Vale Públio Rwany B. R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe six-derivative conformal scalar operator was originally found by Hamada in its critical dimension of spacetime, $$d=6$$

d
=
6

. We generalize this construction to arbitrary dimensions d by adding new terms cubic in gravitational curvatures and by changing its coefficients of expansion in various curvature terms. The consequences of global scale-invariance and of infinitesimal local conformal transformations are derived for the form of this generalized operator. The system of linear equations for coefficients is solved giving explicitly the conformal Hamada operator in any d. Some singularities in construction for dimensions $$d=2$$

d
=
2

and $$d=4$$

d
=
4

are noticed. We also prove a general theorem that a scalar conformal operator with n derivatives in $$d=n-2$$

d
=
n
-
2

dimensions is impossible to construct. Finally, we compare our explicit construction with the one that uses conformal covariant derivatives and conformal curvature tensors. We present new results for operators built with different orders of conformal covariant derivatives.
Atherosclerosis on a Chip: A 3-Dimensional Microfluidic Model of Early Arterial Events in Human Plaques
Authors: Maringanti Ranganath , van Dijk Christian G.M. , Meijer Elana M. , Brandt Maarten M. , Li Mingzi , Tiggeloven Vera P.C. , Krebber Merle M. , Chrifi Ihsan , Duncker Dirk J. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Cheng Caroline 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Realistic reconstruction of the in vivo human atherosclerotic environment requires the coculture of different cell types arranged in atherosclerotic vessel–like structures with exposure to flow and circulating cells, presenting challenges for disease modeling. This study aimed to develop a 3-dimensional tubular microfluidic model with quadruple coculture of human aortic smooth muscle cells, human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells, and foam cells to recreate a complex human atherosclerotic vessel in vitro to study the effects of flow and circulating immune cells.

METHODS:
We developed a coculture protocol utilizing BFP (blue fluorescent protein)-labeled human aortic smooth muscle cells, GFP (green fluorescent protein)-labeled human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells, and THP-1 macrophage-derived, Dil-labeled oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) foam cells within a fibrinogen/collagen I–based 3-dimensional ECM (extracellular matrix). Perfusion experiments were conducted for 24 hours on both atherosclerotic vessels and healthy vessels (BFP-labeled human aortic smooth muscle cells and GFP-labeled human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells without foam cells). Additionally, perfusion with circulating THP-1 monocytes was performed to observe cell extravasation and recruitment.

RESULTS:
The resulting vessels displayed early lesion morphology, with a layered composition including an endothelium and media, and foam cells accumulating in the subendothelial space. The layered wall composition of both atherosclerotic and healthy vessels remained stable under perfusion. Circulating THP-1 monocytes demonstrated cell extravasation into the atherosclerotic vessel wall and recruitment to the foam cell core. The qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) analysis indicated increased expression of atherosclerosis markers in the atherosclerotic vessels and adaptation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration in response to flow and the plaque microenvironment, compared with control vessels.

CONCLUSIONS:
The human 3-dimensional atherosclerosis model demonstrated stability under perfusion and allowed for the observation of immune cell behavior, providing a valuable tool for the atherosclerosis research field.
Machine Translation Meta Evaluation through Translation Accuracy Challenge Sets
Authors: Moghe Nikita , Fazla Arnisa , Amrhein Chantal , Kocmi Tom , Steedman Mark , Birch Alexandra , Sennrich Rico , Guillou Liane 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent machine translation (MT) metrics calibrate their effectiveness by correlating with human judgment. However, these results are often obtained by averaging predictions across large test sets without any insights into the strengths and weaknesses of these metrics across different error types. Challenge sets are used to probe specific dimensions of metric behavior but there are very few such datasets and they either focus on a limited number of phenomena or a limited number of language pairs. We introduce ACES, a contrastive challenge set spanning 146 language pairs, aimed at discovering whether metrics can identify 68 translation accuracy errors. These phenomena range from basic alterations at the word/character level to more intricate errors based on discourse and real-world knowledge. We conducted a large-scale study by benchmarking ACES on 47 metrics submitted to the WMT 2022 and WMT 2023 metrics shared tasks. We also measure their sensitivity to a range of linguistic phenomena. We further investigate claims that large language models (LLMs) are effective as MT evaluators, addressing the limitations of previous studies by using a dataset that covers a range of linguistic phenomena and language pairs and includes both low- and medium-resource languages. Our results demonstrate that different metric families struggle with different phenomena and that LLM-based methods are unreliable. We expose a number of major flaws with existing methods: Most metrics ignore the source sentence; metrics tend to prefer surface level overlap; and over-reliance on language-agnostic representations leads to confusion when the target language is similar to the source language. To further encourage detailed evaluation beyond singular scores, we expand ACES to include error span annotations, denoted as SPAN-ACES, and we use this dataset to evaluate span-based error metrics, showing that these metrics also need considerable improvement. Based on our observations, we provide a set of recommendations for building better MT metrics, including focusing on error labels instead of scores, ensembling, designing metrics to explicitly focus on the source sentence, focusing on semantic content rather than relying on the lexical overlap, and choosing the right pre-trained model for obtaining representations.
Unraveling Pathways to Entrepreneurial Success among Recent Chinese College Graduates: a Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Xing Jiawei , Liu Rui , Yan Wenfan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the context of burgeoning interest in entrepreneurship among recent Chinese college graduates, the disappointingly low success rate of startups has prompted a critical inquiry. This study endeavors to delve into the factors shaping entrepreneurial success, aiming to illuminate pathways for addressing this pervasive issue. Employing the csQCA method, we analyze 23 cases of successful entrepreneurship, revealing a nuanced and intricate interplay of factors that challenges simplistic narratives in prior research. The analysis unveils five distinct pathways to success: “Environmental Incentive,” “Motivation,” “Platform Assistance,” “Policy Support,” and “Demand.” Notably, the first two pathways significantly shape pre-graduation success, while the latter three become prominent in the post-graduation phase. We also find that entrepreneurship education and self-fulfillment emerge as key elements leading to success before graduation, while social relationships and self-fulfillment play pivotal roles after graduation. Furthermore, technology emerges as the predominant field drawing the interest of startups, followed by culture and academia. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the complex entrepreneurial landscape but also provide valuable insights for future research and policy considerations.