bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short communication: Persistent socio‐economic inequality in frequent headache among Danish adolescents from 1991 to 2014
Authors: Holstein B.E. , Andersen A. , Denbæk A.M. , Johansen A. , Michelsen S.I. , Due P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe association between socio‐economic status (SES) and headache among adolescents is an understudied issue, and no study has examined whether such an association changes over time. The aim was to examine trends in socio‐economic inequality in frequent headache among 11‐ to 15‐year‐olds in Denmark from 1991 to 2014, using occupational social class (OSC) as indicator of SES.MethodsThe study applies data from the Danish part of the international Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) study. HBSC includes nationally representative samples of 11‐, 13‐ and 15‐year‐olds. This study combines data from seven data survey years from 1991 to 2014, participation rate 88.6%, n = 31,102. We report absolute inequality as per cent difference in frequent headache between high and low OSC and relative inequality as odds ratio for frequent headache by OSC.ResultsIn the entire study population, 10.4% reported frequent headache. There was a significant increase in frequent headache from 8.0% in 1991 to 12.9% in 2014, test for trend, p < 0.0001. This increasing trend was significant in all OSCs. The prevalence of frequent headache was significantly higher in low than high OSC, OR = 1.50 (95% CI: 1.34–1.67). This socio‐economic inequality in frequent headache was persistent from 1991 to 2014.ConclusionThere was a significant and persistent socio‐economic inequality, i.e. increasing prevalence of frequent headache with decreasing OSC. The association between socio‐economic position and headache did not significantly change over time, i.e. the statistical interaction between OSC and survey year was insignificant.SignificanceThe prevalence of frequent headache among adolescents increases with decreasing SES. This socio‐economic inequality has been persistent among adolescents in Denmark from 1991 to 2014. Clinicians should be aware of this social inequality.
Impact cassava residue on ammonia emission and microbial communities during sewage sludge cocomposting process
Authors: Su Chengyuan , Liao Liming , Zhao Lijian , Lu Yuxiang , Xie Lian , Zheng Peng 
Published: January 2018

In this study, the impacts of cassava residue as a bulking agent and carbon source on sewage sludge composting were evaluated in lab‐scale reactors. Three composting experiments were carried out with different ratios of sewage sludge and cassava residues: R1 (400 g sewage sludge), R2 (375 g sewage sludge, 25 g cassava residue), and R3 (350 g sewage sludge, 50 g cassava residue). Compared to the R1 reactor, the temperature of R2 and R3 increased rapidly. The cumulative ammonia emission of R1 was 597.14 mg L−1, while R2 and R3 were 347.59 and 451.06 mg L−1, respectively. Therefore, cassava residue could be used to reduce NH3 emission during sludge composting. Furthermore, the maximum protease activates (observed on day 10) for R1, R2, and R3 were 24.61, 31.78, and 36.12 U g−1, respectively. The maximum urease activities for R1, R2, and R3 was recorded as 20.05 U g−1 (day 5), 12.53 U g−1 (day 5), and 15.93 U g−1 (day 10). Addition of cassava residue also contributed to positive shifts in the bacterial community. High‐throughput sequencing analysis showed that in the R2 reactor, Actinobacteria was present in relatively high abundance. Actinobacteria positively correlates with TN and has the effect of biological nitrogen fixation. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1901–1907, 2018
The correlation between crushed coal porosity and permeability under various methane pressure gradients: a case study using Jincheng anthracite
Authors: Li Zhen , Feng Guorui , Jiang Haina , Hu Shengyong , Cui Jiaqing , Song Cheng , Gao Qiang , Qi Tingye , Guo Xiangqian , Li Chao , Kang Lixun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs a greenhouse gas (GHG), methane (CH4) emitted from underground mines contributes 17% to total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Gas drainage is the main measure to resolve this problem, and knowledge of methane flow in surrounding coal and rocks greatly influences our thinking and handling strategies for reducing CH4 emissions. However, due to the lack of matched testing systems, current studies are generally confined to considering methane flow properties in porous and fractured coal and rocks, whereas methane flow behaviors in crushed coal have not been extensively studied and understood yet. In this study, the relationships between crushed coal porosity and permeability under various methane pressures are investigated using a self‐designed gas permeation testing system, and continuous measurements of methane pressure and flow rate have been conducted. The results show that the permeability properties of crushed coal are closely related to the coal porosity, methane pressure, and axial stress. Darcy flow transfers to slip flow in crushed coal in the latter stage of coal‐mine methane drainage in crushed coal, and the permeability of crushed coal has a magnitude of 10−12–10−11 m2, which is rather larger than that of porous and fractured coals. The pseudo‐threshold pressure gradient (TPG) decreases with the growth of porosity, and it is rather smaller than that of lower permeability reservoirs (LPR). With an increase in methane pressure, the permeability of crushed coal presents a logarithmic growth trend; by contrast, it displays an exponential growth trend with an increase in porosity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study of physical‐chemical properties modification of coal after CO2 sequestration in deep unmineable coal seams
Authors: Zhao Ningning , Xu Tianfu , Wang Kairan , Tian Hailong , Wang Fugang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn initial investigation into the impacts of CO2 storage in unmineable coal seams, with or without enhanced coal‐bed methane recovery (CO2‐ECBM), was conducted, focusing on changes in the chemical and physical properties of coal. A high metamorphic grade anthracite was obtained from Qinshui Basin in China. Powdered coal was reacted with deionized water and carbon dioxide at temperatures of 25–35 °C and pressures of 5–11 MPa, in seven custom‐built batch reactors – conditions similar to the in situ formation conditions for the coal samples. An experiment with N2 saturated‐water to compare CO2‐free‐water mobilization with CO2‐water was also performed. It was observed that the supercritical CO2‐H2O‐coal reaction had a more significant influence on the micropores than mesopores. The micropore increase was reflected directly in the specific surface area and pore volume, which increased sharply. The true density also increased accordingly. The changes to the pore structure in the coal may affect the storage capacity of CO2 and can modify the fluid flow pattern in the process of CO2‐ECBM. Meanwhile, after exposing the coal samples to supercritical CO2, most of the trace‐element content in the reaction solutions was very low; only the Se and Mn content was beyond acceptable drinking water quality, but not enough to produce a serious influence on shallow aquifers. Nonetheless, the potential for mobilizing toxic trace elements from the coalbed is an important factor to be considered when evaluating CO2 sequestration in deep unmineable coal seams. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Art of Organic Synthesis in the Age of Automation
Authors: Milo Anat 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecent progress in the automation of chemical synthesis is part of a broad ongoing trend that is based on incorporating machine learning algorithms to improve automated performance in different tasks. However, what are the implications on the art of organic synthesis? Will robotic chemists replace us in the next 50–100 years? Will they be able to outperform a master organic chemist in the study of mechanisms, the development of new reactions, the optimization of reaction conditions, catalysts, or synthetic routes? What would be our role as human chemists in this automation revolution? In this essay, these questions will be reflected upon through the progress in the synthesis of strychnine since 1954.
Fatal necrotizing myositis from fulminant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) infection: A case report of autopsy images
Authors: Izumi Manabu , Hiraiwa Taku , Tomioka Hideto , Komura Masayoshi , Hayashi Yasushi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOver the past few decades, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) have been considered as weak pathogenicity compared with S. pyogenes (GAS). Some recent reports argue that SDSE may bring severe soft tissue infection as same as GAS. No reports have been tried to reveal the clinical characteristics and autopsy images of fulminant SDSE infection. In this case report, we aimed to present a case of fatal necrotizing myositis from fulminant SDSE infection at iliopsoas, including autopsy appearance.
TCR modifications that enhance chain pairing in gene-modified T cells can augment cross-reactivity and alleviate CD8 dependence
Authors: Spear Timothy T , Foley Kendra C , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Nishimura Michael I 
Published: January 2018

AbstractT cell receptor (TCR) gene-modified T cells are a promising immunotherapy but require refinement to improve clinical responses and limit off-target toxicities. A variety of TCR and gene-delivery vector modifications have been developed to enhance introduced TCR expression and limit introduced/endogenous TCR chain mispairing, improving target antigen recognition and minimizing mispairing-induced cross-reactivity. Using our well-characterized HCV1406 TCR, we previously compared the impact of various chain pairing enhancing modifications on TCR expression and cognate antigen recognition. HCV1406 TCR is also natively cross-reactive against naturally occurring altered peptide ligands (APLs), which was shown to be dependent on high TCR surface density. In this report, we observed in a Jurkat model that absent TCR chain pairing competition alleviated CD8-dependent APL recognition and induced novel cross-reactivity of HCV1406 TCR. We then compared chain pairing enhancing modifications’ effects on TCR cross-reactivity in Jurkat and T cells, showing C-terminal leucine zippers and constant region murinization alleviated CD8 dependence and induced novel APL recognition. While modifications enhancing TCR chain pairing intend to avoid cross-reactivity by limiting mispairing with the endogenous TCR, these data suggest they may also enhance natural cross-reactivity and reduce dependence on CD8. These observations have significant implications on the design/implementation of TCR gene-modified T cells.
Diversification of human NK cells: Lessons from deep profiling
Authors: Wilk Aaron J , Blish Catherine A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphocytes with important roles in immunoregulation, immunosurveillance, and cytokine production. Originally defined on the functional basis of their “natural” ability to lyse tumor targets and thought to be a relatively homogeneous group of lymphocytes, NK cells possess a remarkable degree of phenotypic and functional diversity due to the combinatorial expression of an array of activating and inhibitory receptors. Diversification of NK cells is multifaceted: mechanisms of NK cell education that promote self-tolerance result in a heterogeneous repertoire that further diversifies upon encounters with viral pathogens. Here, we review the genetic, developmental, and environmental sources of NK cell diversity with a particular focus on deep profiling and single-cell technologies that will enable a more thorough and accurate dissection of this intricate and poorly understood lymphocyte lineage.
Nutrient and water uptake by roots of forest trees
Authors: George Eckhard , Marschner Horst 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlthough per growing season nutrient uptake of adequately growing forest trees is less than the nutrient uptake of annual crop species, nutrient uptake per unit root length in trees is considerable. Because of high heterogeneity of soil conditions and root growth in forest soils, modelling of uptake processes is even more difficult for forest than for crop stands. Detailed studies show that white lips of growing tree roots have a high nutrient uptake capacity. However, most root tips are usually colonised by mycorrhizal fungi. These fungi can participate substantially in tree nutrient uptake, in particular in the utilisation of organically‐bound phosphorus and nitrogen in soils. Mycorrhizal hyphae, root tips, and older root zones can all absorb water, but their actual contribution is difficult to assess. In this review, experimental results from our laboratory and literature data are used to describe the potential activity of tree roots and mycorrhizas in nutrient and water uptake. Methodology for in situ measurements must be developed to quantify at different forest sites the actual contribution of mycorrhizas and different root parts.
Ecology, classification and soil pattern of colluvial soils of the bornhoeved lake district (North‐Germany)
Authors: Schleuß Uwe , Blume Hans‐Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWater erosion causes the accumulation of soil material, especially at the bottom slope and in landscape depressions. According to FAO‐UNESCO (1990) colluvial soils can be classified as Cumuli‐Aric Anthrosols if the minimum thickness of the altered topsoil is 5 dm or more. These soils are characterized by addition of small amounts of soil material that has been incorporated into the underlying material by tillage and/or turbation. As a result of geological factors and land‐use intensities, Cumuli‐Aric Anthrosols differ markedly in their ecological properties. In the study area ‘Bornhoeved Lake District (Schleswig‐Holstein, North‐Germany)’ soil patterns have been investigated showing the interdependence of soil landscapes and their soil units by water erosion and accumulation. Examples of various colluvial soils in catenary sequences in the study area are presented. Colluvial soils in the study area are characterized by a layer thickness between 5 and 14 dm and show significantly higher quantities of organic matter, nitrogen and plant‐available water in comparison with eroded soils.
Infrared single‐pixel video imaging for sea surface targets surveillance
Authors: Zhao Ming , Zhao Meijing , Yang Fan , Wu Houde , Xu Wenhai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper presents an infrared single‐pixel video imaging to surveille sea surface. Based on the temporal redundancy of the surveillance video, a two‐step scheme, including low‐scale detection and high‐scale detection, is proposed. For each frame, low‐scale detection performs low‐resolution single‐pixel imaging to obtain a “preview” image of the scene, where the moving target can be located. These targets are further refined in the high‐scale detection where the high‐resolution single‐pixel imagings focusing on these targets are used. The frame is reconstructed by merging these two‐level images. The simulated experiments show that for a video with 128 × 128 pixels and 150 frames, the sampling rate of our scheme is about 17.8%, and the reconstructed video presents a good visual quality.
Modeling variations in soil salinity in the oasis of Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Ma Ligang , Yang Shengtian , Simayi Zibibula , Gu Qing , Li Jiadan , Yang Xiaodong , Ding Jianli 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSoil salinization leads to a significant degradation for oasis land. Variations in soil salinity are controlled by geologic, geomorphic, climatic, and hydrologic factors that are scale dependent. Many factors characterize soil salinity and its variations. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and correlation analysis are usually applied to examine the variations of soil salinity at different scales. However, few researches have been conducted on the modeling of these variations among different scales that requires further development and refinement. This paper investigates the potential of assessing scale‐specific variations in soil salinity via EMD using 2 modeling approaches (random forest and linear models). The remotely sensed environmental factors including land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation, and digital elevation model products were used as inputs for the models. The Junggar Basin in Xinjiang Province of China was selected as study area because the oasis was quite typical in the whole country and even in mid‐Asia. Soil salinity data and environmental factors were first decomposed using the EMD algorithm. Then, the decomposed components of the remotely sensed environmental factors were evaluated, and the most important components of each factor were selected to model the salinity variations that were represented by the decomposed components of soil salinity. The salinity variations estimated from the environmental factors were favorably consistent with the decomposed components of the soil salinity data, with coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 0.24–0.52 and 0.73–0.98 for the linear and random forest models, respectively. In addition, land surface temperature and salinity were coupled well at the 326‐ and 334‐km scale. Our results showed that reasonably accurate results can be obtained using the proposed approach.
An approach for providing quasi‐convexity to yield functions and a generalized implicit integration scheme for isotropic constitutive models based on 2 unknowns
Authors: Panteghini Andrea , Lagioia Rocco 
Published: January 2018

SummaryYield and plastic potential surfaces are often affected by problems related to convexity. One such problem is encountered when the yield surface that bounds the elastic domain is itself convex; however, convexity is lost when the surface expands to pass through stress points outside the current elastic domain. In this paper, a technique is proposed, which effectively corrects this problem by providing linear homothetic expansion with respect to the centre of the yield surface. A very compact implicit integration scheme is also presented, which is of general applicability for isotropic constitutive models, provided that their yield and plastic potential functions are based on a separate mathematical definition of the meridional and deviatoric sections and that stress invariants are adopted as mechanical quantities. The elastic predictor‐plastic corrector algorithm is based on the solution of a system of 2 equations in 2 unknowns only. This further reduces to a single equation and unknown in the case of yield and plastic potential surfaces with a linear meridional section. The effectiveness of the proposed convexification technique and the efficiency and stability of the integration scheme are investigated by running numerical analyses of a notoriously demanding boundary value problem.
A hypoplastic model for gas hydrate‐bearing sandy sediments
Authors: Zhang Xuhui , Lin Jia , Lu Xiaobing , Liu Lele , Liu Changling , Li Mingyao , Su Yewang 
Published: January 2018

SummaryGas hydrate‐bearing sediments (GHBSs) have been considered as a potential energy resource. In this paper, the mechanical properties of GHBS are firstly investigated by the integrated test apparatus for synthesis of GHBS using silty sand as skeleton. Triaxial tests indicate an obvious transition of stress‐strain relationship from strain hardening under low hydrate saturation and strain softening under high hydrate saturation. The hypoplastic models coupled with Drucker‐Prager criterion and the Mohr‐Coulomb criterion are proposed to analyze the stress‐strain relationship of GHBS with considering the effective porosity because of the hydrate filling in the pores of GHBS. The strain hardening and softening behaviors are well predicted with less material parameters compared with the classical models. Compared with the test results, the proposed hypoplastic models are verified to be capable of capturing the salient features of the mechanical behaviors of GHBS under the conditions of little temperature change and no hydrate dissociation.
Specific expression of PD‐L1 in RELA‐fusion supratentorial ependymoma: Implications for PD‐1‐targeted therapy
Authors: Witt Davis A. , Donson Andrew M. , Amani Vladimir , Moreira Daniel C. , Sanford Bridget , Hoffman Lindsey M. , Handler Michael H. , Levy Jean M. Mulcahy , Jones Kenneth L. , Nellan Anandani , Foreman Nicholas K. , Griesinger Andrea M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundA desperate need for novel therapies in pediatric ependymoma (EPN) exists, as chemotherapy remains ineffective and radiotherapy often fails. EPN have significant infiltration of immune cells, which correlates with outcome. Immune checkpoint inhibitors provide an avenue for new treatments. This study characterizes tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in EPN and aims at predicting candidates for clinical trials using checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD‐L1/PD‐1 (programmed death ligand 1/programmed death 1).MethodsThe transcriptomic profiles of the primary study cohort of EPN and other pediatric brain tumors were interrogated to identify PD‐L1 expression levels. Transcriptomic findings were validated using the western blotting, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.ResultsWe evaluated PD‐L1 mRNA expression across four intracranial subtypes of EPN in two independent cohorts and found supratentorial RELA fusion (ST‐RELA) tumors to have significantly higher levels. There was a correlation between high gene expression and protein PD‐L1 levels in ST‐RELA tumors by both the western blot and immunohistochemisty. The investigation of EPN cell populations revealed PD‐L1 was expressed on both tumor and myeloid cells in ST‐RELA. Other subtypes had little PD‐L1 in either tumor or myeloid cell compartments. Lastly, we measured PD‐1 levels on tumor‐infiltrating T cells and found ST‐RELA tumors express PD‐1 in both CD4 and CD8 T cells. A functional T‐cell exhaustion assay found ST‐RELA T cells to be exhausted and unable to secrete IFNγ on stimulation.ConclusionsThese findings in ST‐RELA suggest tumor evasion and immunsuppression due to PD‐L1/PD‐1‐mediated T‐cell exhaustion. Trials of checkpoint inhibitors in EPN should be enriched for ST‐RELA tumors.
Identification of p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 as a Novel Host Protein in HBx Augmenting HBV Replication by iTRAQ‐Based Quantitative Comparative Proteomics
Authors: Yan Li‐Bo , Yu You‐Jia , Zhang Qing‐Bo , Tang Xiao‐Qiong , Bai Lang , Huang FeiJun , Tang Hong 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe aim of this study was to screen for novel host proteins that play a role in HBx augmenting Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication.Experimental designThree HepG2 cell lines stably harboring different functional domains of HBx (HBx, HBx‐Cm6, and HBx‐Cm16) were cultured. ITRAQ technology integrated with LC‐MS/MS analysis was applied to identify the proteome differences among these three cell lines.ResultsIn brief, a total of 70 different proteins were identified among HepG2‐HBx, HepG2‐HBx‐Cm6, and HepG2‐HBx‐Cm16 by double repetition. Several differentially expressed proteins, including p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2), were further validated. RSK2 was expressed at higher levels in HepG2‐HBx and HepG2‐HBx‐Cm6 compared with HepG2‐HBx‐Cm16. Furthermore, levels of HBV replication intermediates were decreased after silencing RSK2 in HepG2.2.15. An HBx‐minus HBV mutant genome led to decreased levels of HBV replication intermediates and these decreases were restored to levels similar to wild‐type HBV by transient ectopic expression of HBx. After silencing RSK2 expression, the levels of HBV replication intermediates synthesized from the HBx‐minus HBV mutant genome were not restored to levels that were observed with wild‐type HBV by transient HBx expression.Conclusion and clinical RelevanceBased on iTRAQ quantitative comparative proteomics, RSK2 was identified as a novel host protein that plays a role in HBx augmenting HBV replication.