bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐4299 mediates the invasive properties and tumorigenicity of human follicular thyroid carcinoma by targeting ST6GALNAC4
Authors: Miao Xiaolong , Jia Li , Zhou Huimin , Song Xiaobo , Zhou Ming , Xu Jinchao , Zhao Lifen , Feng Xiaobin , Zhao Yongfu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAltered sialylation is closely associated with tumor progression and invasiveness. Micro‐RNAs endogenous regulators of gene expression have been implicated in human thyroid carcinoma invasiveness. The objective of this study is to examine the alterations of miR‐4299 and ST6GALNAC family in human follicular thyroid carcinoma during metastatic process. qRT‐PCR showed the differential expressional profiles of miR‐4299 and ST6GALNAC family in three kinds of thyroid cell lines (FTC‐133,FTC‐238, Nthy‐ori 3‐1) and clinical tissue specimens(malignant and borderline). The altered expression levels of ST6GALNAC4 were corresponding to invasive phenotypes of FTC‐133 and FTC‐238 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further date indicated that miR‐4299 regulated tumor progression and invasiveness by directly targeting ST6GALNAC4. This study implies the potential therapeutic application of miR‐4299 and ST6GALNAC4 in modulating the invasion and tumorigenicity of follicular thyroid carcinoma cell. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 68(2):136–144, 2016
Cytocompatibility studies of a biomimetic copolymer with simplified structure and high‐strength adhesion
Authors: Brennan M. Jane , Meredith Heather J. , Jenkins Courtney L. , Wilker Jonathan J. , Liu Julie C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe development of adhesives suitable for biomedical applications has been challenging given that these materials must exhibit sufficient adhesion strengths and biocompatibility. Biomimetic materials inspired by mussel adhesive proteins appear to contain many of the necessary characteristics for biomedical adhesives. In particular, poly[(3,4‐dihydroxystyrene)‐co‐styrene] has been shown to be a high strength adhesive material with bonding comparable to or even greater than several commercial glues. Herein, a thorough study on the cytocompatibility of this copolymer provides insights on the suitability of a mussel‐mimicking adhesive for applications development. The cytotoxicity of poly[(3,4‐dihydroxystyrene)‐co‐styrene] was evaluated through assessment of the viability, proliferation rate, and morphology of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts when cultured with copolymer extracts or directly in contact with the adhesive. After 1 and 3 days of culture, both the copolymer alone and copolymer cross‐linked with periodate exhibited minimal effects on cell viability. Likewise, cells cultured on the copolymer displayed proliferation rates and morphologies similar to cells on the poly‐l‐lysine control. These results indicate that poly[(3,4‐dihydroxystyrene)‐co‐styrene] is highly cytocompatible and therefore a promising material for use where biological contact is important. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 983–990, 2016.
Vascular nursing experience, practice knowledge, and beliefs: Results from the michigan PICC1 survey
Authors: Chopra Vineet , Kuhn Latoya , Ratz David , Flanders Scott A. , Krein Sarah L. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDPeripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are increasingly used in hospitalized patients. Yet, little is known about the vascular access nurses who often place them.METHODSWe conducted a Web‐based survey to assess vascular access nursing experience, practice, knowledge, and beliefs related to PICC insertion and care in 47 Michigan hospitals.RESULTSThe response rate was 81% (172 received invitations, 140 completed the survey). More than half of all respondents (58%) reported placing PICCs for ≥5 years, and 23% had obtained dedicated vascular access certification. The most common reported indications for PICC insertion included intravenous antibiotics, difficult venous access, and chemotherapy. Many respondents (46%) reported placing a PICC in a patient receiving dialysis; however, 91% of these respondents reported receiving approval from nephrology prior to insertion. Almost all respondents (91%) used ultrasound to find a suitable vein for PICC insertion, and 76% used electrocardiography guidance to place PICCs. PICC occlusion was reported as the most frequently encountered complication, followed by device migration and deep vein thrombosis. Although 94% of respondents noted that their hospitals tracked the number of PICCs placed, only 40% reported tracking duration of PICC use. Relatedly, 30% of nurses reported that their hospitals had a written policy to evaluate PICC necessity or appropriateness.CONCLUSIONThis survey of vascular nursing experiences highlights opportunities to improve practices such as avoiding PICC use in dialysis, better tracking of PICC dwell times, and necessity. Hospitalists may use these data to inform clinical practice, appropriateness, and safety of PICCs in hospitalized patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:269–275. 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Correlation of standard diffusion‐weighted imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging with distant metastases of rectal carcinoma
Authors: Yu Jing , Huang Dong‐Ya , Li Yan , Dai Xin , Shi Hai‐Bin 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo investigate the correlation of standard diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) with distant metastases of rectal carcinoma.Materials and MethodsFifty‐eight patients with rectal carcinoma (27 with distant metastasis and 31 with no metastasis) were included in this study. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value from standard DWI (b values of 0 and 1000 sec/mm2), Dapp, and Kapp from DKI (b values of 0, 700, 1400, and 2000 sec/mm2) were acquired with a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. These quantitative parameters were calculated from the entire tumors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to assess the utility for discrimination of tumor with distant metastasis and those without metastasis. Parameters were compared using the independent‐samples t‐test.ResultsThe histogram metrics 10th percentile of Dapp (Dapp‐10th) and ADC values (ADC10th) were significantly lower in the distant metastasis group than those without metastasis (972.5 ± 118.8 vs. 1121.3 ± 133.8 × 10−6 mm2/s, P = 0.03; 809.2 ± 67.1 vs. 856.2 ± 72.1 × 10−6 mm2/s, P = 0.03). Dapp‐10th showed relatively higher area under the curve (AUC) (0.856 vs. 0.669, P = 0.024), and higher specificity (100% vs. 68%) than ADC10th did for differentiation of lesions with distant metastasis from those without metastasis.ConclusionDKI was relatively better than standard DWI in discriminating rectal carcinoma with distant metastasis from those without metastasis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:221–229.
Targeting formyl peptide receptor 1 of activated macrophages to monitor inflammation of experimental osteoarthritis in rat
Authors: Yang Xinlin , Chordia Mahendra D. , Du Xuejun , Graves John L. , Zhang Yi , Park Yong‐Sang , Guo Yongfei , Pan Dongfeng , Cui Quanjun 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTMacrophages play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, the feasibility of a formyl peptide receptor 1 (Fpr1)‐targeting peptide probe cFLFLF‐PEG‐64Cu via positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was investigated for detection of macrophage activity during development of OA. Monoiodoacetate (MIA) was intraarticularly injected into the knee joint of Sprague–Dawley rats to induce OA. Five days later, cFLFLF‐PEG‐64Cu (∼7,400 kBq/rat) was injected into the tail vein and microPET/CT imaging was performed to assess the OA inflammation by detecting infiltration of macrophages by Fpr1 expression. In addition, a murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and two fluorescent probes cFLFLF‐PEG‐cyanine 7 (cFLFLF‐PEG‐Cy7) and cFLFLF‐PEG‐cyanine 5 (cFLFLF‐PEG‐Cy5) were used to define the binding specificity of the peptide to macrophages. It was found with the MIA model that the maximal standard uptake values (SUVmax) for right (MIA treated) and left (control) knees were 17.96 ± 5.45 and 3.00 ± 1.40, respectively. Histological evaluation of cryomicrotome sections showed that Fpr1 expression, cFLFLF‐PEG‐Cy5 binding, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity were elevated in the injured synovial membranes. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that both fluorescent peptide probes could bind specifically to RAW264.7 cells, which was blocked by cFLFLF but not by the scramble peptide. The findings highlighted the use of cFLFLF‐PEG‐64Cu/PET as an effective method potentially applied for detection and treatment evaluation of OA. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1529–1538, 2016.
Predictors of job satisfaction amongst pharmacists in Malaysian public hospitals and healthcare clinics
Authors: Manan Mohamed Mansor , Azmi Yusmiza , Lim Zoe , Neoh Chin Fen , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Ming Long Chiau 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundFor the past 10 years, the pharmacist workforce in Malaysia has experienced radical changes in demography, job scope and expectations as well as remuneration due to a drastic surge in the number of pharmacists employed in the public sector.AimTo investigate the level of job satisfaction amongst pharmacists working in the public sector in Malaysia.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted amongst registered pharmacists working in three of the most populated states in Malaysia. A validated questionnaire consisting of three sections was used to investigate intrinsic and extrinsic factors of job satisfaction and their overall job satisfaction.ResultsAnalysis of responses from 161 pharmacists revealed significant differences in job satisfaction with age and length of service. Pharmacists within the age group of 35–45 years were more satisfied with their jobs than younger pharmacists. Findings also showed that pharmacists who had been working for more than 7 years tended to be more satisfied with their jobs. Type of institution, position held and gender did not appear to influence job satisfaction. Intrinsic factors such as autonomy, contribution, creativity and challenge had significant impact on job satisfaction; creativity had the strongest impact as compared with other factors. Extrinsic factors such as salary, supervision feedback and job atmosphere also had significant impact on job satisfaction.ConclusionOnly 52% of the pharmacists who responded were satisfied with their current jobs. The study outcomes indicate the major factors that affect pharmacists’ job satisfaction. Factors affecting job satisfaction could be used by policy makers and pharmacy managers to design retention strategies.
Impact of analysing continuous outcomes using final values, change scores and analysis of covariance on the performance of meta‐analytic methods: a simulation study
Authors: McKenzie Joanne E. , Herbison G. Peter , Deeks Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2015

When meta‐analysing intervention effects calculated from continuous outcomes, meta‐analysts often encounter few trials, with potentially a small number of participants, and a variety of trial analytical methods. It is important to know how these factors affect the performance of inverse‐variance fixed and DerSimonian and Laird random effects meta‐analytical methods. We examined this performance using a simulation study.Meta‐analysing estimates of intervention effect from final values, change scores, ANCOVA or a random mix of the three yielded unbiased estimates of pooled intervention effect. The impact of trial analytical method on the meta‐analytic performance measures was important when there was no or little heterogeneity, but was of little relevance as heterogeneity increased. On the basis of larger than nominal type I error rates and poor coverage, the inverse‐variance fixed effect method should not be used when there are few small trials.When there are few small trials, random effects meta‐analysis is preferable to fixed effect meta‐analysis. Meta‐analytic estimates need to be cautiously interpreted; type I error rates will be larger than nominal, and confidence intervals will be too narrow. Use of trial analytical methods that are more efficient in these circumstances may have the unintended consequence of further exacerbating these issues. © 2015 The Authors. Research Synthesis Methods published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2015 The Authors. Research Synthesis Methods published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methane fluxes from a small boreal lake measured with the eddy covariance method
Authors: Podgrajsek E. , Sahlée E. , Bastviken D. , Natchimuthu S. , Kljun N. , Chmiel H. E. , Klemedtsson L. , Rutgersson A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFluxes of methane, CH4, were measured with the eddy covariance (EC) method at a small boreal lake in Sweden. The mean CH4 flux during the growing season of 2013 was 20.1 nmol m−2 s−1 and the median flux was 16 nmol m−2 s−1 (corresponding to 1.7 mmol m−2 d−1 and 1.4 mmol m−2 d−1). Monthly mean values of CH4 flux measured with the EC method were compared with fluxes measured with floating chambers (FC) and were in average 62% higher over the whole study period. The difference was greatest in April partly because EC, but not FC, accounted for fluxes due to ice melt and a subsequent lake mixing event. A footprint analysis revealed that the EC footprint included primarily the shallow side of the lake with a major inlet. This inlet harbors emergent macrophytes that can mediate high CH4 fluxes. The difference between measured EC and FC fluxes can hence be explained by different footprint areas, where the EC system “sees” the part of the lake presumably releasing higher amounts of CH4. EC also provides more frequent measurements than FC and hence more likely captures ebullition events. This study shows that small lakes have CH4 fluxes that are highly variable in time and space. Based on our findings we suggest to measure CH4 fluxes from lakes as continuously as possible and to aim for covering as much of the lakes surface as possible, independently of the selected measuring technique.
Productivity and depth regulate lake contributions to atmospheric methane
Authors: West William E. , Creamer Kevin P. , Jones Stuart E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDespite significant contributions of inland lakes to the global methane cycle, we lack a process‐based understanding of what regulates inter‐lake variation in methane emissions. Previous comparative work has identified a potential link between lake primary productivity and methane emissions; also, lab‐scale experiments suggest that the addition of algal substrate to anoxic sediments rapidly enhances rates of methanogenesis. This existing work indicates that primary productivity could enhance lake contributions to the global methane cycle. However, a more systematic investigation of the links between lake primary production, methanogenesis, and methane emission to the atmosphere is required to quantify the implications of increased cultural eutrophication for methane evasion from lakes. Using paired measurements of methanogenesis and methane emissions on 16 north temperate lakes, we documented a positive relationship between lake productivity and sediment methanogenesis rates. However, increased methanogenesis rates did not result in an increase in diffusive methane emissions. Rather, they generated greater methane storage during summer stratification and enhanced methane emission to the atmosphere via bubbling (ebullition), dependent on site depth. Ebullition most frequently occurred at sites less than 6 m deep and where methanogenesis rates were high. The relationships between lake productivity, methanogenesis, and depth‐dependent ebullition suggests it is likely that shallow, productive lakes contribute significantly more methane to the atmosphere than deep, clear lakes and will continue to do so in light of the growing prevalence of lake eutrophication.
Identification and control of multiple leaky plasmon modes in silver nanowires
Authors: Yang Hangbo , Qiu Min , Li Qiang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLeaky plasmon modes (LPMs) in metal nanowires (NWs), which combine the physical characteristic of both “plasmonics” and “leaky radiation”, present distinguished performances in terms of guiding and radiating light. In contrast to traditional light‐guiding in metal NWs with one single LPM, multiple LPMs are crucial for advanced uses such as augmenting data transmission channels, enhancing sensing performance, manipulating polarization and converting mode. Here, we demonstrate experimentally the control over multiple LPMs in pentagonal silver NWs. By combining far‐field real‐space imaging and leakage radiation microscopy, the three typical LPMs with fields mainly concentrating in corners surrounded by air are specifically identified. By manipulating excitation wavelengths and NW diameters, the number of the excited LPMs can be controlled. These findings reveal the physics of LPMs in silver NWs, thereby paving the way towards applying the high‐order leaky modes in silver NWs for photonic integrated circuits, nanoscale confinement, plasmonic sensing, QD‐nanowire coupling, etc.
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Polymer Photocatalysts for Water Splitting: Insights from Computational Modeling
Authors: Guiglion Pierre , Butchosa Cristina , Zwijnenburg Martijn A. 
Published: December 2015

Based on insights from computational chemistry calculations, the ability of polymers to act as water splitting photocatalysts for the production of renewable hydrogen from water and sunlight is discussed. Specifically, the important role of exciton dissociation in these materials is highlighted, as well as the possible microscopic origins of the experimentally observed changes in the photocatalytic activity of a polymer with increasing chain length or changing chemical composition. The reason why water oxidation, with polymeric photocatalysts, is difficult, and which polymer properties to target when developing new polymers for water splitting photocatalysis are, finally, also discussed.
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Deep Learning in Drug Discovery
Authors: Gawehn Erik , Hiss Jan A. , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractArtificial neural networks had their first heyday in molecular informatics and drug discovery approximately two decades ago. Currently, we are witnessing renewed interest in adapting advanced neural network architectures for pharmaceutical research by borrowing from the field of “deep learning”. Compared with some of the other life sciences, their application in drug discovery is still limited. Here, we provide an overview of this emerging field of molecular informatics, present the basic concepts of prominent deep learning methods and offer motivation to explore these techniques for their usefulness in computer‐assisted drug discovery and design. We specifically emphasize deep neural networks, restricted Boltzmann machine networks and convolutional networks.
Analytical corrections of banding artifacts in driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T2 (DESPOT2)
Authors: Jutras Jean‐David , Wachowicz Keith , De Zanche Nicola 
Published: December 2015

PurposeDESPOT2 is a single‐component T2 mapping technique based on bSSFP imaging. It has seen limited application because of banding artifacts and magnetization transfer (MT) effects. In this work, acquisitions are optimized to minimize MT effects, while exact and approximate analytical equations enable automatic correction of banding artifacts within the T2 maps in mere seconds.Theory and MethodsThe technique was verified on an agar phantom at 3 tesla. The T2 resulting from four different data combination techniques was compared with the T2 from CPMG. Two comparable DESPOT2 scan protocols (short vs. long TR/TRF) designed to minimize MT effects, were tested both in the phantom and in vivo. A third protocol was tested in the brain of 8 volunteers and analytical correction schemes were compared with DESPOT2‐FM.ResultsThe T2 measurements in agar agree with CPMG within ∼7% and in vivo results agree with values reported in the literature. The approximate analytical solutions provide increased robustness to hardware imperfections and higher T2‐to‐noise ratio than the exact solutions.ConclusionNew analytical solutions enable fast and accurate whole‐brain T2 mapping from previously measured T1 and B1 maps, and bSSFP images with at least two phase offsets and two flip angles (=4 datasets, 8 min scan). Magn Reson Med 76:1790–1804, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Walsh‐ordered hadamard time‐encoded pseudocontinuous ASL (WH pCASL)
Authors: von Samson‐Himmelstjerna Federico , Madai Vince Istvan , Sobesky Jan , Guenther Matthias 
Published: December 2015

PurposeWalsh ordering of Hadamard encoding‐matrices and an additional averaging strategy are proposed for Hadamard‐encoded pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (H‐pCASL). In contrast to conventional H‐pCASL the proposed method generates more perfusion‐weighted images which are accessible already during a running experiment and even from incomplete sets of encoded images.TheoryWalsh‐ordered Hadamard matrices consist of fully decodable Hadamard submatrices. At any time during a measurement these submatrices may yield perfusion‐weighted images, even at runtime and with incomplete datasets. The usage of an additional so‐called mirrored matrix for averaging leads to more decodable subboli.MethodsPerfusion‐weighted images (five healthy volunteers) are generated using both a Walsh‐ordered and a corresponding mirrored Hadamard matrix. To test their correctness they are compared with equivalent images from conventional multi postlabeling‐delay (PLD) pCASL‐measurements.ResultsAll predicted perfusion‐weighted images could be generated and correlated very well with multi‐PLD images. Already small subsets of encoded images, acquired early during the measurement, yielded perfusion‐weighted images. The mirrored matrix generates more perfusion‐weighted images without time penalty.ConclusionEarly access to perfusion‐weighted images despite incomplete datasets allows dynamic adaptation of parameters and increases robustness against artifacts. Thus, the approach may be well suited for clinical applications, where pathologies demand rapid parameter adaptation and increase the chance of artifacts. Magn Reson Med 76:1814–1824, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Local SAR, global SAR, and power‐constrained large‐flip‐angle pulses with optimal control and virtual observation points
Authors: Vinding Mads S. , Guérin Bastien , Vosegaard Thomas , Nielsen Niels Chr. 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo present a constrained optimal‐control (OC) framework for designing large‐flip‐angle parallel‐transmit (pTx) pulses satisfying hardware peak‐power as well as regulatory local and global specific‐absorption‐rate (SAR) limits. The application is 2D and 3D spatial‐selective 90° and 180° pulses.Theory and MethodsThe OC gradient‐ascent‐pulse‐engineering method with exact gradients and the limited‐memory Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shanno method is proposed. Local SAR is constrained by the virtual‐observation‐points method. Two numerical models facilitated the optimizations, a torso at 3 T and a head at 7 T, both in eight‐channel pTx coils and acceleration‐factors up to 4.ResultsThe proposed approach yielded excellent flip‐angle distributions. Enforcing the local‐SAR constraint, as opposed to peak power alone, reduced the local SAR 7 and 5‐fold with the 2D torso excitation and inversion pulse, respectively. The root‐mean‐square errors of the magnetization profiles increased less than 5% with the acceleration factor of 4.ConclusionA local and global SAR, and peak‐power constrained OC large‐flip‐angle pTx pulse design was presented, and numerically validated for 2D and 3D spatial‐selective 90° and 180° pulses at 3 T and 7 T. Magn Reson Med 77:374–384, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.