bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biege‐ und Biegedrillknicken in konsistentem Ansatz als Basis einer allgemeinen Knickkurve für EC3‐1‐1, 6.3.4
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Wieschollek Matthias , Heinemeyer Christoph 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFrau Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ulrike Kuhlmann zur Vollendung ihres 60. Lebensjahres gewidmetBei Anwendung des allgemeinen Verfahrens nach Kapitel 6.3.4 der DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 [1] wird der allgemeine Fall des Biegedrillknickens (BDK mit Moment und Normalkraft) mit den Knickkurven seiner Spezialfälle (BDK nur mit Moment bzw. Knicken um die schwache Achse nur mit Normalkraft) behandelt. In Bezug auf Schlankheit und Imperfektion entstehen dadurch Inkonsistenzen, was zu Konflikten mit der beabsichtigten Allgemeingültigkeit und zu nicht richtigen Ergebnissen führt. Denn die Hauptebene‐Beanspruchungen My und N sind in ihrer individuellen Kombination ursächlich für die Instabilität aus der Ebene. Wenn man berücksichtigt, dass die Vergrößerungsfaktoren αcr und αult, damit die bezogene Schlankheit λ sowie die eigenformaffin anzunehmenden Imperfektionen vom Verhältnis von My und N abhängen, so ist eine allgemeine Knickkurvenformulierung für BDK mit Moment und Normalkraft möglich, die sich an die der Spezialfälle konsistent anfügt. Damit kann die unzureichende Regel zur Wahl der Knickkurve in 6.3.4 ersetzt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt deswegen mechanisch nachvollziehbar dar, in welcher Beziehung die Imperfektionsbeiwerte für das Biegeknicken nach EC3 aus der Ayrton‐Perry‐Formulierung heraus mit entsprechenden Werten für das Biegedrillknicken stehen. Die Herleitungen werden durch zahlreiche Vergleichsrechnungen mit der FEM abgerundet.
The La and related RNA‐binding proteins (LARPs): structures, functions, and evolving perspectives
Authors: Maraia Richard J. , Mattijssen Sandy , Cruz‐Gallardo Isabel , Conte Maria R. 
Published: August 2017

La was first identified as a polypeptide component of ribonucleic protein complexes targeted by antibodies in autoimmune patients and is now known to be a eukaryote cell‐ubiquitous protein. Structure and function studies have shown that La binds to a common terminal motif, UUU‐3′‐OH, of nascent RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) transcripts and protects them from exonucleolytic decay. For precursor‐tRNAs, the most diverse and abundant of these transcripts, La also functions as an RNA chaperone that helps to prevent their misfolding. Related to this, we review evidence that suggests that La and its link to RNAP III were significant in the great expansions of the tRNAomes that occurred in eukaryotes. Four families of La‐related proteins (LARPs) emerged during eukaryotic evolution with specialized functions. We provide an overview of the high‐resolution structural biology of La and LARPs. LARP7 family members most closely resemble La but function with a single RNAP III nuclear transcript, 7SK, or telomerase RNA. A cytoplasmic isoform of La protein as well as LARPs 6, 4, and 1 function in mRNA metabolism and translation in distinct but similar ways, sometimes with the poly(A)‐binding protein, and in some cases by direct binding to poly(A)‐RNA. New structures of LARP domains, some complexed with RNA, provide novel insights into the functional versatility of these proteins. We also consider LARPs in relation to ancestral La protein and potential retention of links to specific RNA‐related pathways. One such link may be tRNA surveillance and codon usage by LARP‐associated mRNAs. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1430. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1430This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Subacute Progressive Myelopathy: Transverse Myelitis or Subacute Combined Degeneration? A Case Report
Authors: Goldish Daniel , Massagli Teresa L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEvolving subacute myelopathies have many possible etiologies. This is a report of a patient who presented with progressive paresthesias, proprioceptive loss, and gait disturbance with acute myelitis seen on magnetic resonance imaging initially concerning for transverse myelitis. However, she also had vitamin B12 deficiency, and her clinical course ultimately suggested a diagnosis more compatible with subacute combined degeneration. The clinical features, laboratory, and imaging findings and prognosis of the 2 disorders are compared.Level of EvidenceV
Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia, and Hydration Status in Multistage Ultramarathons
Authors: Krabak Brian J. , Lipman Grant S. , Waite Brandee L. , Rundell Sean D. 
Published: August 2017

Objective Dysnatremia and altered hydration status are potentially serious conditions that have not been well studied in multistage ultramarathons. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) (Na+ <135 mmol·L-1) and hypernatremia (Na+ >145 mmol·L-1) and hydration status during a multistage ultramarathon. Methods This study involved a prospective observational cohort study of runners competing in a 250-km (155-mile) multistage ultramarathon (in the Jordan, Atacama, or Gobi Desert). Prerace body weight and poststage (stage [S] 1 [42 km], S3 [126 km], and S5 [250 km]) body weight and serum sodium concentration levels were obtained from 128 runners. Results The prevalence of EAH per stage was 1.6% (S1), 4.8% (S3), and 10.1% (S5) with a cumulative incidence of 14.8%. Per-stage prevalence of hypernatremia was 35.2% (S1), 20.2% (S3), and 19.3% (S5) with a cumulative incidence of 52.3%. Runners became more dehydrated (weight change <–3%) throughout the race (S1=22.1%; S3=51.2%; S5=53.5%). Body weight gain correlated with EAH ( r=–0.21, P = .02). Nonfinishers of S3 were significantly more likely to have EAH compared with finishers (75% vs 5%, P = .001), but there was no difference in either EAH or hypernatremia between nonfinishers and finishers of S5. Conclusions The incidence of EAH in multistage ultramarathons was similar to marathons and single-stage ultramarathons, but the cumulative incidence of hypernatremia was 3 times greater than that of EAH. EAH was associated with increased weight gain (overhydration) in early stage nonfinishers and postrace finishers.
Injuries and Illnesses Occurring on a Recreational Bicycle Tour: The Great Ohio Bicycle Adventure
Authors: Pommering Thomas L. , Manos Diane C. , Singichetti Bhavna , Brown Chelsea R. , Yang Jingzhen 
Published: August 2017

Objective Recreational multiday cycling events have grown popular in the United States; however, little has been published regarding the injuries and illnesses that occur during these events. The objective of this study was to describe injuries and illnesses that occur in the Great Ohio Bicycle Adventure (GOBA) and to examine associated risk factors. Methods Injury and illness data collected from an on-site medical clinic during the 2013 and 2014 GOBA tours were merged with rider registration data for analysis. Diagnoses were classified as acute injury, overuse injury, or medical illness. The odds ratios of sustaining at least 1 injury/illness, as well as sustaining an acute injury, were assessed adjusting for riders’ demographics. Results A total of 4005 (2172 in 2013 and 1833 in 2014) cyclists participated in GOBA, with an an age of 50.7±17.6 (2–86) years (mean±SD [range]), of whom 59.8% were male. During the tours, 143 (3.6%) riders reported at least 1 injury/illness, which resulted in 220 clinical diagnoses, including 114 (51.8%) acute injuries, 27 (12.3 %) overuse injuries, and 79 (35.9%) medical illnesses. The lower extremities were the most commonly injured body site (n=71, 50.4%). “Superficial/Abrasions/Contusions” was the most common injury/illness type (n=68, 30.9%). Riders who had no previous tour experience or who were at least 50 years old had a greater risk of injury/illness than their counterparts. Conclusions The prevalence of injury and illness is relatively low in multiday recreational cycling events. Our findings provide important data for planning and preparing for medical coverage at mass recreational cycling events.
Accountability of Canadian Mining Corporations for Their Overseas Conduct: Can Extraterritorial Corporate Criminal Prosecution Come to the Rescue?
Authors: NWAPI CHILENYE 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article is set against the backdrop of the inability of Canadian courts to hear civil cases brought by victims of the operations of Canadian mining corporations in developing countries where accountability mechanisms are weak. The article examines the legal framework for extraterritorial criminal prosecution in Canada with a view to seeing how corporate criminal prosecution could fill the accountability gap and contribute to the promotion of the accountability of Canadian mining corporations involved in human and environmental rights abuses in developing countries. The article argues that extraterritorial criminal prosecution holds prospects for success in Canada, if only the Canadian government is willing to utilize it. The real and substantial link test, the Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act, and several sections of the Criminal Code provide sufficient jurisdictional bases for such prosecution. The amendments to the doctrine of corporate criminal liability that were made in Canada in 2003 bolster the criminal jurisdictional strength of Canadian courts. Lastly, there are no compelling international comity concerns to discourage the Canadian government from utilizing the criminal justice process to contribute to the global fight against corporate impunity in human and environmental rights abuses. This article seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the powers at the disposal of the Canadian government to do so.
ZHENG ZHEN AND THE RISE OF EVIDENTIAL RESEARCH IN LATE QING NORTHERN GUIZHOU
Authors: Wu Guo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the formation of the Shatan scholarly group and the contribution of its leader, Zheng Zhen. Zheng benefitted from a vigorous trans-regional cultural network of returned local scholars such as Li Xun and Mo Yuchou and prominent scholar-officials from outside such as Cheng Enze and He Changling. Zheng Zhen remained true to the approaches and research topics of evidential research, i.e., historical philology and exegesis of pre-Qin classics, bibliography, and an inquiry into ancient institutions and technology, in an era when the general intellectual trend turned toward statecraft studies and the politicized Modern Text School, promoted by scholars like Gong Zizhen and Kang Youwei. The contribution of the Shatan group, Zheng Zhen in particular, embodies the rise of evidential research, a passion for facts, as well as concerns about society. More importantly, it prompts us to rethink Guizhou as an active agent in the late Qing Chinese cultural landscape.
Revision of the oryctocephalid trilobite generaArthricocephalusBergeron andOryctocarellaTomashpolskaya and Karpinski (Cambrian) from South China and Siberia
Authors: Peng Shanchi , Babcock Loren E. , Zhu Xuejian , Lei Qianping , Dai Tao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRestudy of the limestone slab containing the type suite ofArthricocephalus chauveauiBergeron, 1899 (Trilobita), the type species ofArthricocephalusBergeron, 1899, shows that specimens of three species, each representing a separate genus, are present on the slab and were likely included in the original concept of the species. BesidesA.chauveaui, the slab contains specimens ofOryctocarella duyunensis(Qian, 1961) andDuyunaspis duyunensisZhang and Qian in Zhou et al., 1977. Bergeron (1899) illustrated one exoskeleton from the type suite ofA.chauveauionly and apparently based much of his written description on that specimen. This specimen was clearly intended to be the type specimen ofA.chauveaui. Subsequently, Lane et al. (1988) designated another specimen, which was not originally illustrated, as the lectotype, and this specimen is referable toOryctocarella duyunensis. As revised here, Bergeron’s illustrated specimen should be regarded as the lectotype ofA.chauveaui. Such designation stabilizes the concepts of bothArthricocephalusandA.chauveaui.ArthricocephalitesQian in Lu et al., 1974 andHaliplanktosBlaker and Peel, 1997 are regarded as junior synonyms ofArthricocephalus.OryctocarellaTomashpolskaya and Karpinski, 1961, which was previously regarded as a junior synonym ofArthricocephalus, is revived as a valid genus.Oryctocarellaincludes a number of species previously assigned toArthricocephalus. The type species of bothArthricocephalusandOryctocarella, together with related species, are described on the basis of new material.
‘Quit and Stay Quit Monday’ as a Novel Approach to Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Experimental Study
Authors: De Leon Elaine , Crossnohere Norah L. , Fuentes Laura W. , Johnson Morgan , Welding Kevin , Cohen Joanna E. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:Emerging evidence suggests a heightened interest in healthy behaviour changes, including smoking cessation, at the beginning of the week. Evidence from Google searches, quitlines, and cessation websites show greater information-seeking and interest in early week quitting.Aims:This pilot assesses the comparative effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention that encourages participants to use Mondays as a day to quit or recommit to quitting smoking.Methods:We partnered with existing smoking cessation group programs to conduct a quasi-experimental, pre–post study. Both comparison and intervention groups received the same standard-care curriculum from program instructors. Intervention group participants received Monday materials including a wallet card and a mantra card during enrolment. On Mondays, intervention participants received an emailed tip-of-the-week and were encouraged to quit or recommit to quitting. Quit buddies were recommended in both groups, but intervention participants were encouraged to check-in with quit buddies on Mondays. The outcomes of smoking abstinence, number and length of quit attempts, and self-efficacy were assessed at the final program session and three months later.Results:At the last session, intervention group participants who were still smoking had a higher self-efficacy of quitting in the future, rated their programs as more helpful in quitting smoking, and were more likely to rate quit buddies as very helpful. Differences in self-efficacy were no longer observed at the second follow-up. No differences were observed between intervention and standard group participants in abstinence, number of quits, length of quits, or self-efficacy of staying quit at either follow-up.Conclusions:Encouraging results from this pilot study indicate that further research is needed to explore how Monday messaging may improve smoking cessation programs.
The co-evolution of emotional well-being with weak and strong friendship ties
Authors: ELMER TIMON , BODA ZSÓFIA , STADTFELD CHRISTOPH 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSocial ties are strongly related to well-being. But what characterizes this relationship? This study investigates social mechanisms explaining how social ties affect well-being through social integration and social influence, and how well-being affects social ties through social selection. We hypothesize that highly integrated individuals–those with more extensive and dense friendship networks–report higher emotional well-being than others. Moreover, emotional well-being should be influenced by the well-being of close friends. Finally, well-being should affect friendship selection when individuals prefer others with higher levels of well-being, and others whose well-being is similar to theirs. We test our hypotheses using longitudinal social network and well-being data of 117 individuals living in a graduate housing community. The application of a novel extension of Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models for ordered networks (ordered SAOMs) allows us to detail and test our hypotheses for weak- and strong-tied friendship networks simultaneously. Results do not support our social integration and social influence hypotheses but provide evidence for selection: individuals with higher emotional well-being tend to have more strong-tied friends, and there are homophily processes regarding emotional well-being in strong-tied networks. Our study highlights the two-directional relationship between social ties and well-being, and demonstrates the importance of considering different tie strengths for various social processes.
Maintaining abstinence from smoking after a period of enforced abstinence – systematic review, meta-analysis and analysis of behaviour change techniques with a focus on mental health
Authors: Brose L. S. , Simonavicius E. , McNeill A. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSmoking prevalence is doubled among people with mental health problems and reaches 80% in inpatient, substance misuse and prison settings, widening inequalities in morbidity and mortality. As more institutions become smoke-free but most smokers relapse immediately post-discharge, we aimed to review interventions to maintain abstinence post-discharge.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched from inception to May 2016 and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies conducted with adult smokers in prison, inpatient mental health or substance use treatment included. Risk of bias (study quality) was rated using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Tool. Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were coded from published papers and manuals using a published taxonomy. Mantel–Haenszel random effects meta-analyses of RCTs used biochemically verified point-prevalence smoking abstinence at (a) longest and (b) 6-month follow-up.ResultsFive RCTs (n = 416 intervention, n = 415 control) and five cohort studies (n = 471) included. Regarding study quality, four RCTs were rated strong, one moderate; one cohort study was rated strong, one moderate and three weak. Most common BCTs were pharmacotherapy (n = 8 nicotine replacement therapy, n = 1 clonidine), problem solving, social support, and elicitation of pros and cons (each n = 6); papers reported fewer techniques than manuals. Meta-analyses found effects in favour of intervention [(a) risk ratio (RR) = 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–3.27; (b) RR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.04–3.31].ConclusionMedication and/or behavioural support can help maintain smoking abstinence beyond discharge from smoke-free institutions with high mental health comorbidity. However, the small evidence base tested few different interventions and reporting of behavioural interventions is often imprecise.
The ℓ-parity conjecture over the constant quadratic extension
Authors: ČESNAVIČIUS KĘSTUTIS 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFor a prime ℓ and an abelian varietyAover a global fieldK, the ℓ-parity conjecture predicts that, in accordance with the ideas of Birch and Swinnerton–Dyer, the ℤℓ-corank of the ℓ∞-Selmer group and the analytic rank agree modulo 2. Assuming that charK> 0, we prove that the ℓ-parity conjecture holds for the base change ofAto the constant quadratic extension if ℓ is odd, coprime to charK, and does not divide the degree of every polarisation ofA. The techniques involved in the proof include the étale cohomological interpretation of Selmer groups, the Grothendieck–Ogg–Shafarevich formula and the study of the behavior of local root numbers in unramified extensions.
Institutions in the climate adaptation literature: a systematic literature review through the lens of the Institutional Analysis and Development framework
Authors: ROGGERO MATTEO , BISARO ALEXANDER , VILLAMAYOR-TOMAS SERGIO 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAnalyses of climate adaptation seldom rely on the conceptual toolbox of institutional economics. Yet articles addressing institutions make up a large portion of the climate adaptation literature. With a wealth of institutionally relevant knowledge in the adaptation literature, organizing such knowledge in institutionally meaningful ways can advance the present understanding of the link between institutions and adaptation. Knowing which aspects of this link are well researched, and where in contrast research gaps lie, can provide guidance to institutional economists interested in adaptation. We contribute to this through a systematic review of the adaptation literature, assessing the consideration adaptation scholars give to different elements of the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. Results show a strong focus on collective choice and on adaptation by public actors, with an emphasis on rules in use, social interactions and, to a lesser extent, attributes of the community. Research gaps rather encompass operational and constitutional choice, private adaptation, physical interactions and biophysical conditions.
Low dose arsenite confers resistance to UV induced apoptosis via p53-MDM2 pathway in ketatinocytes
Authors: Zhou Y , Zeng W , Qi M , Duan Y , Su J , Zhao S , Zhong W , Gao M , Li F , He Y , Hu X , Xu X , Chen X , Peng C , Zhang J 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChronic arsenite and ultraviolet (UV) exposure are associated with skin tumor. To investigate the details by low concentrations of arsenite and UV induced carcinogenesis in skin, hTERT-immortalized human keratinocytes were used as a cellular model with exposure to low concentrations of sodium arsenite and UV. The effect of NaAsO2 on UV treatment-induced apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Hoechst staining. We found that the cell apoptosis induced by UV exposure was significantly attenuated after exposure to low-dose arsenite, and knockdown of p53 could block UV-induced apoptosis indicating that this phenomenon depended on p53. Interestingly, the expression of murine double minute 2 (MDM2), including its protein and transcriptional levels, was remarkably high after exposure to low-dose arsenite. Moreover, low-dose arsenite treatment dramatically decreased the MDM2 gene promoter activity, suggesting that this effect has been mediated through transcription. In addition, treatment of PD98059 reversed low-dose arsenite-induced MDM2 expression, and the inhibition of ERK2 expression could significantly block MDM2 expression as a consequence, and p53 expression automatically was increased. To validate the role of p53 in exposure to low-dose arsenite, the expression of p53 was examined by immunohistochemistry in the skin of Sprague−Dawley rats model by chronic arsenite exposure for 6 months and in patients with arsenic keratosis, and the results showed that the expression of p53 was decreased in those samples. Taken together, our results demonstrated that low-dose arsenite-induced resistance to apoptosis through p53 mediated by MDM2 in keratinocytes.
Transcriptional response to stress is pre-wired by promoter and enhancer architecture
Authors: Vihervaara Anniina , Mahat Dig Bijay , Guertin Michael J. , Chu Tinyi , Danko Charles G. , Lis John T. , Sistonen Lea 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrograms of gene expression are executed by a battery of transcription factors that coordinate divergent transcription from a pair of tightly linked core initiation regions of promoters and enhancers. Here, to investigate how divergent transcription is reprogrammed upon stress, we measured nascent RNA synthesis at nucleotide-resolution, and profiled histone H4 acetylation in human cells. Our results globally show that the release of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase into elongation functions as a critical switch at which a gene’s response to stress is determined. Highly transcribed and highly inducible genes display strong transcriptional directionality and selective assembly of general transcription factors on the core sense promoter. Heat-induced transcription at enhancers, instead, correlates with prior binding of cell-type, sequence-specific transcription factors. Activated Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) binds to transcription-primed promoters and enhancers, and CTCF-occupied, non-transcribed chromatin. These results reveal chromatin architectural features that orient transcription at divergent regulatory elements and prime transcriptional responses genome-wide.