bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cementing Solutions for Salt- and CO2-Laden Presalt Zones
Authors: Simao Cristina Aiex , Folsta Mauricio Gimenes , Campos Gilson , Yerubandi Krishna Babu , Patil Sandip , Jandhyala Siva Rama , Deshpande Abhimanyu , Paiva Maria , Ravi Kris 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Recent deepwater discoveries in CO2-laden presalt regions have posed new drilling and cementing challenges associated with salt and CO2. Salt can react and gel cement slurry prematurely, resulting in pumping and displacement issues. Further, creeping salts can compromise the mechanical integrity of the cement sheath. Carbonic acid under downhole conditions can react with the cement sheath and adversely affect its integrity. Design of a cementing solution for such environments requires a holistic approach that addresses the chemical and mechanical effects of well operations on the cement sheath during the life of the well.
A combination of chemistry, engineering modeling, thermodynamics, chemical reaction, and experimental characterization was used in this study. The work evaluates the influence of dissolution of different levels and types of salt on the cement slurry's physical properties and modeling the cement sheath response for salt creep loads. It also involved conducting long-term high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) cement carbonation experiments and developing a mathematical model to predict the long-term possibility of corrosion under downhole conditions.
Slurry was designed such that the blend is suitable for salt and presalt zones. By virtue of its chemical nature, the slurry resists dissolution of salt and hence does not cause premature gelling. Mechanical characterization and further engineering analysis predicted that the cured cement had good resistance to failure caused by mechanical loads resulting from salt creep. The slurry was tested to confirm that it mitigates the effect of CO2 corrosion on cement under static and dynamic test conditions. The developed model predicted accurately the extent of corrosion expected under downhole conditions.
The present work provides a solution to cementing salt and presalt zones, with a sound understanding of the associated risks and their mitigation. The cement designs and engineering models developed as part of this study can help reduce the risk of damage to the cement sheath and casing collapse across salt zones. They also help mitigate the corrosion of cement when exposed to CO2 present in presalt zones.
Cross-Discipline Integration Results in More Representative Completion Evaluations - Case Histories
Authors: Ayoub Joseph A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper illustrates how minimal integration effort cross-Disciplines can produce more representative models and eliminate incoherent views of completion performance. Single Discipline initial analysis of completion performance, considering only partial data within the Discipline, could still be erroneous even though the analysis may look straightforward and correct when considered standalone. This is illustrated through a few field examples and simulations where single Discipline initial answers were incoherent with additional information provided by other Disciplines. This is not an uncommon situation due to the fundamental non-unicity of data interpretation. To alleviate the latter, additional data within a given Discipline as well as from other Disciplines have to be considered. The resulting integration process illuminates analysis results that are coherent with all available data cross-Disciplines.Three field examples are presented including results from well test data, tight rock hydraulic fracturing as well as frac-pack data, in addition to data from other Disciplines including logs and cores. They illustrate how integration cross-Disciplines results in a more coherent, hence likely closer to reality picture, which alleviates perplexing initial uncertainties.
Kinetic Energy Recovery System Reduces Fuel Consumption
Authors: Oye Oddbjørn 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The industry is being challenged to further reduce costs to ensure the economic viability of deepwater projects. To meet this demand, flywheel technology recovers energy during active heave compensation, tripping, and all block movement and the excess energy is transferred back into the drilling system reducing the amount of fuel consumed as well as operating expenses.
This paper details the new approach to rig power systems, the kinetic energy recovery system and its benefits: operating cost savings through reduced energy consumption and maintenance expense, reduced emissions, and improved operation reliability and safety.
During heave compensation, tripping, and all block movement, AC drawworks (DW) motors generate electricity when slowing and stopping the load. During the entire downward half-wave, the supply will be zero since all the kinetic energy is dissipated in the conventional braking resistor.
With this system excessive energy is regenerated, converted into kinetic energy through the flywheel and the kinetic energy is reapplied to rig operations. This smooths out peak power demands, levels the load on generators and provides a back-up power source to get the bit off bottom in the event of a blackout.
The ratio between peak power consumption with and without the flywheel is 1:10 for a given winch with a certain efficiency. The ratio between average power consumption with and without the flywheel is 1:2,5.
This paper will also look at field test data quantifying energy and cost savings.
Integrated Efforts to Understand and Solve Challenges in 26-in Salt Drilling, Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Shi Jibin , Durairajan Bala , Harmer Richard , Chen Wei , Verano Fernando , Arevalo Yezid , Douglas Charles , Turner Timothy , Trahan Dexter , Touchet Jude , Shen Yuelin , Zaheer Aamer , Pereda Frank , Robichaux Kirk , Cisneros Dennis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOperators of Gulf of Mexico (GOM) wells frequently reported overtorque issue of bottomhole assembly (BHA) connections when drilling the 26-in. section through salt. Such overtorque often leads to costly tool damage beyond repair (DBR), additional trips, and high nonproductive time (NPT). The average DBR cost per BHA can be as high as USD 1 million. Combined with a complete BHA roundtrip, it can easily cost more than USD 3 million for operators if such failure happens. This has been a problem for several years and has caused significant damage: In 2014, of 15 26-in. PDC bit runs in salt, 40% had overtorque connections and 20% led to DBR. This paper discusses how an integrated multidisciplinary team identified the root cause of and the solution to the overtorque problem.Torsional vibration was believed to be the cause of such failure. Comprehensive drilling dynamics simulation software that is based on empirical bit design knowledge was used to design a new bit to reduce the vibration. A newly developed high frequency downhole recording tool used in the 26-in. section recorded high-frequency torque, acceleration, and RPM fluctuation downhole. This dataset became the key to understanding the downhole vibration in detail because it provided information that cannot be acquired by a traditional MWD tool. Field-recorded data were fed into drilling dynamics simulations to accurately calibrate the drilling dynamics model. The simulations resembled downhole drilling conditions and clearly identified the root cause. The simulations precisely predicted the torque along the entire drillstring and identified why overtorque is present in only a certain part of the drillstring. The calibrated model was used to compare old and new bit designs. The newly designed bit showed much lower torque amplitude with similar torsional vibration frequencies. The simulation indicated that the newly designed bit can significantly alleviate the overtorque issue.Implementation of the new bit mitigated the overtorque issue immediately. As of May 2016, there have been 18 runs with the new bit. Only one run had a slight overtorque issue whereas the rest showed no sign of overtorque connections. DBR and NPT related to overtorque were eliminated. As a byproduct, the average on-bottom rate of penetration increased by 9%. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of the integrated approach to solving drilling challenges.
The Effect of Time on the Stability of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Environmental Acids
Authors: Rabajczyk Anna , El Yamani Naouale , Dusinska Maria 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT: Advanced technologies seek for development of new materials and substances with extraordinary physicochemical properties at nanoscale level that boosts their increased use in everyday life. Manufacture of metal nanomaterials, including iron, carries the risk of their emission to surface waters. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) plays an important role in the transport of pollutants, such as metals which are an essential component of surface waters. The humic substances (HA), part of the SPM, interact with metal ions present in the aquatic environment. However, the previously available data on these compounds were obtained at the macro level and only scant information exist on nanomaterials. Thus, the present work has focused on the relationship between humic substances and nanosized particles, such as n‐Fe2O3, in environmental acids.
The Dynamism of the Sacraments of Healing in the Service of Church Community Building
Authors: Kluz Marek 
Published: August 2016

Pasterze Kościoła w Polsce – inspirowani proroczą wizją błogosławionego Jana Pawła – podjęli się na początku trzeciego tysiąclecia zadania urzeczywistniania Kościoła, aby był domem dla swych dzieci. Taka jest myśl przewodnia trzyletniego Ogólnopolskiego Programu Duszpasterskiego na początku drugiej dekady XXI wieku. W budowaniu wspólnoty Kościoła fundamentalną rolę pełnią sakramenty święte. Spośród wszystkich sakramentów Kościoła ważną rolę spełniają tak zwane sakramenty uzdrowienia, czyli sakrament pokuty i pojednania oraz sakrament namaszczenia chorych. Stanowią one nieodzowny składnik kościelnej tożsamości. Są to sakramenty w szczególny sposób odpowiedzialne za tworzenie i budowanie wspólnoty Kościoła. Z publikacji wynika, że pokuta i namaszczenie mają wyraźnie charakter eklezjalny. Dlatego wierne wypełnianie przez chrześcijan wszystkich zobowiązań płynących z sakramentu pokuty i namaszczenia chorych staje się zaczynem ewangelicznym, który sprawia, że w Kościele uobecnia się wspólnota jedności, miłości i pokoju. Poprzez wierność swojemu powołaniu i świadectwo życia człowiek pojednany z Bogiem w sakramencie pokuty i umocniony przyjęciem sakramentu namaszczenia przyczynia się do wzrostu całego Kościoła i do jego świętości. Wszystko zatem, co istotne w życiu Kościoła i co nadaje mu prawdziwego wymiaru i znaczenia, można odnaleźć w sakramencie pokuty i namaszczenia.
The Unity of the Parish and the Celebration of the Eucharist in Small Parish Communities in the Light of Recent Documents of the Magisterium of the Church
Authors: Broszkowski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2016

Autor analizuje zauważane przez niektórych duszpasterzy napięcie pomiędzy celebrowaniem Eucharystii w małych wspólnotach istniejących w parafiach a jednością parafii jako całości oraz teologiczne zasady tej jedności w świetle wybranych wypowiedzi Magisterium Kościoła XX i XXI wieku. Analiza tekstów Magisterium wskazała, że jedność parafii ma wymiar najpierw duchowy, niewidzialny, a następnie także zewnętrzny, widzialny. Konstytuują ją przede wszystkim więzy wyznania wiary, sakramentów, kościelnej hierarchii oraz komunii. Jedność między parafianami buduje się poprzez wtajemniczanie ich w Misterium paschalne oraz w codzienne obcowanie ze Słowem Bożym. W myśl nauczania papieży Jana Pawła II i Benedykta XVI małe wspólnoty zamiast zagrażać jedności parafii, mogą przyczynić się do umocnienia jej jedności poprzez prowadzenie parafian do zjednoczenia z Misterium paschalnym. Wnioski teologiczne autor uzupełnił wynikami badań socjologicznych stanu religijności osób świeckich w parafiach, które sygnalizują poważny kryzys życia wiary i moralności oraz potrzebę sięgania po małe wspólnoty jako środowisko formacyjne i narzędzie wtajemniczenia chrześcijańskiego dorosłych.
Physical Activity and the Risk of Depression in Community-Dwelling Korean Adults With a History of Stroke
Authors: Hong Ickpyo , Aaron Stacey E. , Li Chih-Ying , Simpson Annie N. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Physical activity (PA) is believed to improve mental health, including depression. However, whether recommended PA levels have a similar impact in individuals with poststroke depression is unclear.

Objective
The aim of this study was to apply a quasi-experimental propensity score (PS) matching control for covariate differences and compare the effects of PA on reducing depression risk among people with stroke.

Design
A cross-sectional design was used for this study.

Methods
Health-related information for community-dwelling adults (N=4,555) who reported having had a stroke was extracted from the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey data set. The survey participants were asked a series of questions about depression, recommended PA levels (moderate and vigorous intensity), and chronic conditions. A multivariable regression model, inverse probability weighting adjustment, and Greedy algorithms with 1:1 matching and covariate adjustment were used to estimate the effects of PA on risk of depression. The dependent variable was diagnosis of depression, and the primary independent variable was PA. Baseline covariates were 10 demographic and 9 chronic condition variables.

Results
Without PS methods, there were significant differences in baseline covariates (16 out of 19) between people who performed PA and those who did not perform PA. After applying 1:1 matching, the number of patients in each group comparing the effect of PA numbered 1,970, and 13 covariates did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Physical activity reduced the risk of poststroke depression by 36.1% to 42.4% (odds ratio=0.639–0.376) across the 3 methods.

Limitations
Unaccounted-for covariates, including stroke severity, predepression status, and history of depression treatments, may have biased the results.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that recommended PA levels have protective relationships with the risk of poststroke depression.
“Pushing the Limits”: Rethinking Motor and Cognitive Resources After a Highly Challenging Balance Training Program for Parkinson Disease
Authors: Leavy Breiffni , Roaldsen Kirsti Skavberg , Nylund Kamilla , Hagströmer Maria , Franzén Erika 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
There is growing evidence for the positive effects of exercise training programs on balance control in Parkinson disease (PD). To be effective, balance training needs to be specific, progressive, and highly challenging. Little evidence exists, however, for how people with PD-related balance impairments perceive highly challenging and progressive balance training programs with dual-task components.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe perceptions of a highly challenging balance training program among people with mild to moderate PD.

Design
This study was qualitative in nature. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 individuals with mild to moderate PD who had participated in a highly challenging balance training program. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, with an inductive approach.

Results
The analysis revealed 3 subthemes concerning participants' perceptions of highly challenging and progressive balance training: (1) movement to counter the disease, (2) dual-task training in contrast to everyday strategies, and (3) the struggle to maintain positive effects. The first subtheme reflects how physical activity was used as a short-term and long-term strategy for counteracting PD symptoms and their progression. The second subtheme incorporates the described experiences of being maximally challenged in a secure and supportive group environment, circumstances that stood in contrast to participants' everyday lives. The third subtheme describes participants' long-term struggle to maintain program effects on cognitive and physical function in the face of disease progression. Interpretation of the underlying patterns of these subthemes resulted in one overarching theme: training at the limits of balance capacity causes a rethinking motor and cognitive resources.

Limitations
The findings of this study cannot be considered to reflect the beliefs of those with weaker or negative beliefs concerning physical activity or be transferred to those at more severe stages of the disease.

Conclusions
Findings from this study suggest that being pushed to the limits of balance capacity provoked people with mild to moderate PD to rethink their individual motor and cognitive resources, a process that was further enabled by the PD-specific group setting.
Immunoglobulin G4–related disease mimicking an epidural spinal cord tumor: case report
Authors: Williams Michelle M. , Mashaly Hazem , Puduvalli Vinay K. , Jin Ming , Mendel Ehud 
Published: August 2016

The authors report a case of immunoglobulin G4–related disease (IgG4-RD) presenting as a paraspinal, epidural mass. This disease encompasses a host of autoimmune conditions that were previously thought to be separate entities. It is characterized by fibrosis, mediated by the aberrant proliferation and tissue invasion of IgG4-positive plasma cells, which can occur in any organ. As with other autoimmune conditions, it tends to be responsive to steroids and other immunosuppressants. It can rarely present as a tumefactive lesion of the central nervous system, creating the potential for misdiagnosis (given its similar radiological appearance to malignancy) and mistreatment. In 2015, a panel of experts convened to set forth guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-RD.
In the case presented here, the patient initially presented with pain and weakness in the left upper extremity. Initial neuroimages revealed a contrast-enhancing mass extending from C-4 to T-1, invading the epidural spinal canal, encasing the exiting nerve roots, infiltrating the paraspinal musculature, and surrounding the left vertebral artery. A PET scan confirmed the mass was hypermetabolic, but results of fine-needle aspiration and CT-guided biopsy were inconclusive. Open biopsy yielded fibrotic tissue that met the pathological criteria for IgG4-RD: lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, fibrosis in a storiform pattern, and obliterative phlebitis. The patient was treated with 2 doses of 4 mg of dexamethasone (Decadron) and then 50 mg of prednisone per day. Within 2 weeks, the mass was radiologically shown to have drastically decreased in size. The prednisone dose was decreased to 40 mg per day, and 100 mg of azathioprine per day was added. The patient continued to improve and the mass continued to decrease over the next 6 months. Currently, she has been weaned from all steroids and will be maintained on a daily dose of 100 mg of azathioprine.
Design, synthesis, molecular docking studies and anti-microbial activity of novel 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives
Authors: Padmavathi Sakinala , Tajne Madhukar Rajaram 
Published: August 2016

The heterocyclic compounds naming tetrahydrocarbazoles having the significant biological properties. The newly substituted tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives were prepared from substituted phenylhydrazine and cyclohexanone in glacial acetic acid under reflux. These intermediates on reaction with substituted aromatic acid chlorides in alkaline media finally converted to N-Substituted tetrahydrocarbazoles. Fifteen compounds are synthesized and characterized by their melting point (MP), IR, NMR, MS and elemental analysis. All the compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies for Gln-6-p enzyme (1XFF) inhibition. The results of in silico molecular docking showed that all the derivates have significant binding energies, good affinity with active pocket and it may be reflected as a good inhibitor of GlcN-6-P synthase. The anti-microbial activity was assessed by agar cup plate method and the result showed 8 compounds having the better anti-microbial response against the bacterial and fungal strains. In conclusion, the study helps to give the greater scope of developing these tetrahydrocarbazoles derivatives which help to promote the effective anti-bacterial agents.Padmavathi and Tajne, International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, August 2016, 5(9): 73-78http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue9/01.pdf
AN AO-ASSISTED VARIABILITY STUDY OF FOUR GLOBULAR CLUSTERS*
Authors: Salinas R. , Ramos R. Contreras , Strader J. , Hakala P. , Catelan M. , Peacock M. B. , Simunovic M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The image-subtraction technique applied to study variable stars in globular clusters represented a leap in the number of new detections, with the drawback that many of these new light curves could not be transformed to magnitudes due to severe crowding. In this paper, we present observations of four Galactic globular clusters, M 2 (NGC 7089), M 10 (NGC 6254), M 80 (NGC 6093), and NGC 1261, taken with the ground-layer adaptive optics module at the SOAR Telescope, SAM. We show that the higher image quality provided by SAM allows for the calibration of the light curves of the great majority of the variables near the cores of these clusters as well as the detection of new variables, even in clusters where image-subtraction searches were already conducted. We report the discovery of 15 new variables in M 2 (12 RR Lyrae stars and 3 SX Phe stars), 12 new variables in M 10 (11 SX Phe and 1 long-period variable), and 1 new W UMa-type variable in NGC 1261. No new detections are found in M 80, but previous uncertain detections are confirmed and the corresponding light curves are calibrated into magnitudes. Additionally, based on the number of detected variables and new Hubble Space Telescope/UVIS photometry, we revisit a previous suggestion that M 80 may be the globular cluster with the richest population of blue stragglers in our Galaxy.
MEASUREMENTS OF EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT FROM THE FAR UV TO THE FAR IR FROM DEEP GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED GALAXY COUNTS
Authors: Driver Simon P. , Andrews Stephen K. , Davies Luke J. , Robotham Aaron S. G. , Wright Angus H. , Windhorst Rogier A. , Cohen Seth , Emig Kim , Jansen Rolf A. , Dunne Loretta 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We combine wide and deep galaxy number-count data from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly, COSMOS/G10, Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Early Release Science, HST UVUDF, and various near-, mid-, and far-IR data sets from ESO, Spitzer, and Herschel. The combined data range from the far UV (0.15 μm) to far-IR (500 μm), and in all cases the contribution to the integrated galaxy light (IGL) of successively fainter galaxies converges. Using a simple spline fit, we derive the IGL and the extrapolated IGL in all bands. We argue that undetected low-surface-brightness galaxies and intracluster/group light are modest, and that our extrapolated-IGL measurements are an accurate representation of the extragalactic background light (EBL). Our data agree with most earlier IGL estimates and with direct measurements in the far IR, but disagree strongly with direct estimates in the optical. Close agreement between our results and recent very high-energy experiments (H.E.S.S. and MAGIC) suggests that there may be an additional foreground affecting the direct estimates. The most likely culprit could be the adopted model of zodiacal light. Finally we use a modified version of the two-component model to integrate the EBL and obtain measurements of the cosmic optical background (COB) and cosmic infrared background of

nW m−2 sr−1 and

nW m−2 sr−1 respectively (48%:52%). Over the next decade, upcoming space missions such as Euclid and the Wide Field Infrared Space Telescope will have the capacity to reduce the COB error to <1%, at which point comparisons to the very high-energy data could have the potential to provide a direct detection and measurement of the reionization field.