bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual dimorphism, phenotypic integration, and the evolution of head structure in casque‐headed lizards
Authors: Taylor Gregory W. , Santos Juan C. , Perrault Benjamin J. , Morando Mariana , Vásquez Almazán Carlos Roberto , Sites Jack W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSexes can differ in features associated with differential reproduction, which can be used during courtship or aggressive encounters. Some traits tend to evolve independently between sexes and emerge as sexually dimorphic within the organismal phenotype. We characterize such a relationship by estimating the phenotypic integration of the head morphology and modularity of the crest in the casque‐headed lizards (Corytophanidae). In this clade, some species show extreme sexual dimorphism (e.g., head crests in the genusBasiliscus) while in others, both sexes are monomorphic. To characterize these patterns, we define phenotypic integration at the interspecific level as a pattern or network of traits evidenced by phylogenetically adjusted correlations that persist among species. At this level, modularity is an increased connectedness (e.g., higher correlation) among sections of these networks that persist in a lineage during the evolution of complex phenotypes. To test both concepts, we used phylogenetic geomorphometrics to characterize the head structure of corytophanid lizards, based on a time‐calibrated phylogeny that includes candidate fossil ancestors. We found evidence of an older diversification of corytophanids than previously reported (~67 vs. ~23.5 MYA) and show that this clade includes two morphological head architectures: (1) Sexually dimorphic crests present in males that are evolving independently from the rest of the head structure, and (2) full integration of the head morphology in monomorphic species. We propose that both architectures are optimal evolutionary trajectories of the parietal crest bones in the head of these lizards. In sexually dimorphic species, these bones are elongated and thinner, and gave rise to the extended crest used in male courtship displays. In monomorphic species, the parietal crest grew thicker in both sexes to allow for a better insertion of muscles associated with a stronger bite.
Using pentosidine and hydroxyproline to predict age and sex in an avian species
Authors: Dorr Brian S. , Stahl Randal S. , Hanson‐Dorr Katie C. , Furcolow Carol A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAll living organisms are subject to senescence accompanied by progressive and irreversible physiological changes. The error damage and cross‐linking theories suggest that cells and tissues are damaged by an accumulation of cross‐linked proteins, slowing down bodily processes and resulting in aging. A major category of these cross‐linked proteins are compounds called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). We investigated the relationship between accumulation of the AGE, pentosidine (Ps), and hydroxyproline (HYP) a post‐translationally modified amino acid, with age, sex, and breeding status (breeder/nonbreeder) from skin samples of known age (i.e., banded as fledglings), free‐ranging Double‐crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus,Lesson 1831). We developed multivariate models and evaluated the predictive capability of our models for determining age and breeding versus nonbreeding birds. We found significant relationships with Ps and HYP concentration and age, and Ps concentration and sex. Based on our two‐class model using Ps and HYP as explanatory variables, we were able to accurately determine whether a cormorant was a breeder or nonbreeder in 83.5% of modeled classifications. Our data indicate that Ps and HYP concentrations can be used to determine breeding status of cormorants and potentially age of cormorants although sex‐specific models may be necessary. Although the accumulation of Ps explained the greatest amount of variance in breeding status and age, importantly, Ps covaried with HYP and combined improved prediction of these demographics in cormorants. Our data support the error damage and cross‐linking theories of aging. Both Ps and HYP increase predictably in cormorants and are predictive of age and breeding status. Given the ubiquity of these biomarkers across taxa, their use in estimating demographic characteristics of animals could provide a powerful tool in animal ecology, conservation, and management.
Influences of population pressure change on vegetation greenness in China's mountainous areas
Authors: Li Wei , Li Xiubin , Tan Minghong , Wang Yahui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMountainous areas in China account for two‐thirds of the total land area. Due to rapid urbanization, rural population emigration in China's mountainous areas is very significant. This raises the question to which degree such population emigration influences the vegetation greenness in these areas. In this study, 9,753 sample areas (each sample measured about 64 square kilometers) were randomly selected, and the influences of population emigration (population pressure change) on vegetation greenness during 2000–2010 were quantitatively expressed by the multivariate linear regression (MLR) model, using census data under the condition of controlling the natural elements such as climatic and landform factors. The results indicate that the vegetation index in the past 10 years has presented an increasing overall trend, albeit with local decrease in some regions. The combined area of the regions with improved vegetation accounted for 81.7% of the total mountainous areas in China. From 2000 to 2010, the rural population significantly decreased, with most significant decreases in the northern and central areas (17.2% and 16.8%, respectively). In China's mountainous areas and in most of the subregions, population emigration has significant impacts on vegetation change. In different subregions, population decrease differently influenced vegetation greenness, and the marginal effect of population decrease on vegetation change presented obvious differences from north to south. In the southwest, on the premise of controlling other factors, a population decrease by one unit could increase the slope of vegetation change by 16.4%; in contrast, in the southeastern, northern, northeastern, and central area, the proportion was about 15.5%, 10.6%, 9.7%, and 7.5%, respectively, for improving the trend of NDVI variation.
Clinical outcomes of temporary mechanical circulatory support as a direct bridge to heart transplantation: a nationwide Spanish registry
Authors: Barge‐Caballero Eduardo , Almenar‐Bonet Luis , Gonzalez‐Vilchez Francisco , Lambert‐Rodríguez José L. , González‐Costello José , Segovia‐Cubero Javier , Castel‐Lavilla María A. , Delgado‐Jiménez Juan , Garrido‐Bravo Iris P. , Rangel‐Sousa Diego , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , De la Fuente‐Galan Luis , Rábago‐Juan‐Aracil Gregorio , Sanz‐Julve Marisa , Hervás‐Sotomayor Daniela , Mirabet‐Pérez Sonia , Muñiz Javier , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundIn Spain, listing for high‐urgent heart transplantation is allowed for critically ill candidates not weanable from temporary mechanical circulatory support (T‐MCS). We sought to analyse the clinical outcomes of this strategy.Methods and resultsWe conducted a case‐by‐case, retrospective review of clinical records of 291 adult patients listed for high‐urgent heart transplantation under temporary devices from 2010 to 2015 in 16 Spanish institutions. Survival after listing and adverse clinical events were studied. At the time of listing, 169 (58%) patients were supported on veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO), 70 (24%) on temporary left ventricular assist devices (T‐LVAD) and 52 (18%) on temporary biventricular assist devices (T‐BiVAD). Seven patients transitioned from VA‐ECMO to temporary ventricular assist devices while on the waiting list. Mean time on T‐MCS was 13.1 ± 12.6 days. Mean time from listing to transplantation was 7.6 ± 8.5 days. Overall, 230 (79%) patients were transplanted and 54 (18.6%) died during MCS. In‐hospital postoperative mortality after transplantation was 33.3%, 11.9% and 26.2% for patients bridged on VA‐ECMO, T‐LVAD and T‐BiVAD, respectively (P = 0.008). Overall survival from listing to hospital discharge was 54.4%, 78.6% and 55.8%, respectively (P = 0.002). T‐LVAD support was independently associated with a lower risk of death over the first year after listing (hazard ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.92). Patients treated with VA‐ECMO showed the highest incidence rate of adverse clinical events associated with T‐MCS.ConclusionTemporary devices may be used to bridge critically ill candidates directly to heart transplantation in a setting of short waiting list times, as is the case of Spain. In our series, bridging with T‐LVAD was associated with more favourable outcomes than bridging with T‐BiVAD or VA‐ECMO.
Characteristics, treatments and 1‐year prognosis of hospitalized and ambulatory heart failure patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry
Authors: Canepa Marco , Straburzynska‐Migaj Ewa , Drozdz Jaroslaw , Fernandez‐Vivancos Carla , Pinilla Jose Manuel Garcia , Nyolczas Noemi , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Mebazaa Alexandre , Lainscak Mitja , Laroche Cécile , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Piepoli Massimo F. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Ferrari Roberto , Tavazzi Luigi ,   on behalf of the ESC‐HFA Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry Investigators
Published: September 2017

AimsTo describe the characteristics and assess the 1‐year outcomes of hospitalized (HHF) and chronic (CHF) heart failure patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) enrolled in a large European registry between May 2011 and April 2013.Methods and resultsOverall, 1334/6920 (19.3%) HHF patients and 1322/9409 (14.1%) CHF patients were diagnosed with COPD. In both groups, patients with COPD were older, more frequently men, had a worse clinical presentation and a higher prevalence of co‐morbidities. In HHF, the increase in the use of heart failure (HF) medications at hospital discharge was greater in non‐COPD than in COPD for angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (+13.7% vs. +7.2%), beta‐blockers (+20.6% vs. +11.8%) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (+20.9% vs. +17.3%), thus widening the gap in HF treatment already existing between the two groups at admission. In CHF patients, there was a similar increase in the use of these medications after enrollment visit in the two groups, leaving a significant difference of 8.2% for beta‐blockers in favour of non‐COPD patients (89.8% vs. 81.6%, P < 0.001). At 1‐year follow‐up, the hazard ratios for COPD in multivariable analysis confirmed its independent association with hospitalizations both in HHF [all‐cause: 1.16 (1.04–1.29), for HF: 1.22 (1.05–1.42)] and CHF patients [all‐cause: 1.26 (1.13–1.41), for HF: 1.37 (1.17–1.60)]. The association between COPD and all‐cause mortality was not confirmed in both groups after adjustments.ConclusionsCOPD frequently coexists in HHF and CHF, worsens the clinical course of the disease, and significantly impacts its therapeutic management and prognosis. The matter should deserve greater attention from the cardiology community.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 regulates IL‐1β dependent Th17 responses by modulating dectin‐1 signaling in mice
Authors: Purvis Harriet A , Clarke Fiona , Jordan Christine K , Blanco Cristina Sanchez , Cornish Georgina H , Dai Xuezhi , Rawlings David J , Zamoyska Rose , Cope Andrew P 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA single nucleotide polymorphism within the PTPN22 gene is a strong genetic risk factor predisposing to the development of multiple autoimmune diseases. PTPN22 regulates Syk and Src family kinases downstream of immuno‐receptors. Fungal β‐glucan receptor dectin‐1 signals via Syk, and dectin‐1 stimulation induces arthritis in mouse models. We investigated whether PTPN22 regulates dectin‐1 dependent immune responses. Bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) generated from C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and Ptpn22−/− mutant mice, were pulsed with OVA323‐339 and the dectin‐1 agonist curdlan and co‐cultured in vitro with OT‐II T‐cells or adoptively transferred into OT‐II mice, and T‐cell responses were determined by immunoassay. Dectin‐1 activated Ptpn22−/− BMDCs enhanced T‐cell secretion of IL‐17 in vitro and in vivo in an IL‐1β dependent manner. Immunoblotting revealed that compared to WT, dectin‐1 activated Ptpn22−/− BMDCs displayed enhanced Syk and Erk phosphorylation. Dectin‐1 activation of BMDCs expressing Ptpn22R619W (the mouse orthologue of human PTPN22R620W) also resulted in increased IL‐1β secretion and T‐cell dependent IL‐17 responses, indicating that in the context of dectin‐1 Ptpn22R619W operates as a loss‐of‐function variant. These findings highlight PTPN22 as a novel regulator of dectin‐1 signals, providing a link between genetically conferred perturbations of innate receptor signaling and the risk of autoimmune disease.
Operational Conditions Affecting Hydrogen Production by the Photoreforming of Organic Compounds using Titania Nanoparticles with Gold
Authors: Varas‐Concha Felipe , Guzmán Diego , Isaacs Mauricio , Sáez‐Navarrete César 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeveral factors affect photocatalytic hydrogen productivity from the photoreforming of organic compounds, which makes it difficult to optimize operational conditions in photoreactors. To prioritize these factors, we focused on the quantification of the effect of five of them on hydrogen production. Photocatalytic experiments were performed on 67 mL batch photoreactors under UV‐LED lamps (λ=375 nm) using a suspension of TiO2–Au nanoparticles synthesized by a sol–gel approach. The analyzed factors were: (A) presence of Au as a cocatalyst, (B) type of alcohol as the electron donor, (C) intensity of UV light, (D) electron donor concentration, and (E) nanoparticle concentration. A main and interaction effects analysis is presented with reduced fixed effect models for three responses: total hydrogen generation, catalyst productivity, and electron donor productivity. The presence of Au as a cocatalyst (A), the intensity of UV light (C), and their interaction (AC) were the factors with the highest effect. The best configuration allowed us to reach a catalyst productivity of 2925 μmol
g−1 h−1.
Activation of Candida antarctica lipase B in pressurized fluids for the synthesis of esters
Authors: Nyari Nádia Ligianara Dewes , Zabot Giovani Leone , Zamadei Raquel , Paluzzi Alessandro Rogerio , Tres Marcus Vinícius , Zeni Jamile , Venquiaruto Luciana Dornelles , Dallago Rogério Marcos 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this work was to evaluate the activation of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) in pressurized CO2 or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and, thereafter, to evaluate the synthesis of esters using activated CALB as a biocatalyst. Before activation, CALB was immobilized in polyurethane. For the esterification reactions, mechanical or ultrasonic agitations were studied. The stability of CALB after reuse cycles was also evaluated.RESULTSBefore activation, the enzymatic activity of immobilized CALB was 789 U g‐1. After activation in pressurized CO2 and LPG, the activities increased to 2486 U g‐1 and 1413 U g‐1, respectively. Consequently, the residual activities of CALB after activation in pressurized CO2 and LPG were 315% and 179%, respectively. For the best condition of reaction under ultrasonic agitation, oleic acid conversion was 51.2% when using non‐activated CALB. Otherwise, oleic acid conversions were 66.5% and 77.1% when using CALB activated in LPG and CO2, respectively. This biocatalyst maintained more than 80% of its residual activity when reused for up to 13 cycles.CONCLUSIONActivation of CALB in pressurized CO2 provided enzymatic activities 1.76 times higher than activation in pressurized LPG did. Immobilized CALB had good performance as a stable biocatalyst for esterification reactions under ultrasonic agitation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Perinatal diagnosis and management of oropharyngeal fetus in fetu: A case report
Authors: Yu Yangyang R. , Espinoza Jimmy , Mehta Deepak K. , Keswani Sundeep G. , Lee Timothy C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFetus in fetu is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. We describe the perinatal diagnosis and management of a fetus with oropharyngeal and cervical fetus in fetu. High‐resolution ultrasonography with 3‐dimensional rendering can identify increased risks of airway obstruction in utero. Early identification allows a multidisciplinary team to be assembled for a scheduled ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure.
αvβ3 mediated tumor imaging using 99mTc labeled NAD/monosaccharide coated ferrihydrite nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Eun‐Mi , Oh Phil‐Sun , Jeong Hwan‐Jeong , Lim Seok Tae , Sohn Myung‐Hee 
Published: September 2017

This study describes the synthesis of highly water‐soluble, non‐toxic, and biocompatible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/glucosamine (=Nga1Fh) and NAD/glucosamine/gluconic acid coated ferrihydrite nanoparticles (=Nga2Fh) and their possible uses to target tumors in living animals via 99mTc and 125I radioisotope labeling. The structural properties were investigated using DLS, zeta potential, TEM, FT‐IR, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The cell toxicity in CT26 cancer cells and in vivo tumor targetability in U87MG and CT26 tumor‐bearing mice was further evaluated using cRGDyK‐tagged and cRGDfK‐tagged ferrihydrite nanoparticles. The average diameters of the resulting Nga1Fh and Nga2Fh nanoparticles were <5 to 7 and <3 nm, respectively. The Nga2Fh nanoparticles did not show cell toxicity until 0.1 mg/mL. Using gamma camera imaging, 99mTc‐cRGDfK‐Nga2Fh showed the highest tumor uptake in a U87MG tumor‐bearing mouse when compared with that of 99mTc‐cRGDyK‐Nga2Fh and 99mTc‐Nga2Fh. The image‐based tumor‐to‐muscle ratio by time for 99mTc‐cRGDfK‐Nga2Fh was 3.8 ± 1.7, 4.2 ± 2.0, 7 ± 1.5, 13 ± 2.0, 8 ± 3.7, and 2 ± 1.6 at 5 and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours, respectively. Although further studies are needed, the NAD/monosaccharide coated ferrihydrite nanoparticles could be presented as an interesting material for a drug delivery system.
Time Interval Measurements of the Ductus Venosus During the Early Second Trimester of Pregnancy: Reference Ranges and Clinical Application
Authors: Suksai Manaphat , Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Kor‐anantakul Ounjai , Geater Alan 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to construct reference ranges for the time interval parameters of the ductus venosus during the early second trimester of pregnancy and to demonstrate the clinical utility in various fetal disorders.MethodsThe ductus venosus Doppler measurements of 331 healthy fetuses between 15 and 22 weeks’ gestation were analyzed. The systolic time and diastolic time were subdivided into the systolic acceleration time, systolic deceleration time, diastolic acceleration time, and diastolic deceleration time. The median, 5th, and 95th regression lines for each variable were determined according to gestational age. The ductus venosus time interval parameters in cases of fetoplacental abnormalities were calculated and plotted against the reference ranges.ResultsWith advancing gestation, the systolic acceleration time and total systolic time increased significantly (P < .001). In contrast to the systolic phase, the diastolic deceleration time decreased significantly during the early second trimester of pregnancy (P = .023). The systolic deceleration time, diastolic acceleration time, and diastolic time were relatively constant. Fetuses with tricuspid insufficiency, twin‐twin transfusion syndrome, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, and anemia had abnormal ductus venosus times with different patterns.ConclusionsPredicted normal reference ranges for time interval variables in relation to gestational age were established. These could be helpful for assessing fetal cardiovascular function during the early second trimester of pregnancy.
Population‐level effects of lead fishing tackle on common loons
Authors: Grade Tiffany J. , Pokras Mark A. , Laflamme Eric M. , Vogel Harry S. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPoisoning from lead fishing tackle has been identified as the leading cause of mortality in adult common loons (Gavia immer). As a K‐selected species, adult survival is a critical component in the population demography of loons, but the population‐level effects of mortality from ingested lead tackle on loons have not been quantified. We used a long‐term dataset (1989–2012) on common loon mortality in New Hampshire, USA, to describe the types of lead tackle ingested by loons, investigate methods of ingestion of lead tackle, document the number and rate of adult mortalities resulting from lead tackle, and test for a population‐level effect of lead tackle on the loon population in New Hampshire. Nearly half (48.6%) of collected adult mortalities resulted from lead toxicosis from ingested lead fishing tackle, representing an adjusted annual mortality rate of 1.7 ± 0.6% (SD) of the statewide population. Jigs accounted for 52.6% and sinkers for 38.8% of the archived lead tackle objects removed from loons, a higher proportion of jigs than has been reported in previous studies. The timing of lead tackle mortalities and a high incidence of accompanying non‐lead associated fishing gear (hooks, fishing line, leaders, swivels, wire), which peaked in July and August, suggest that loons obtain the majority of lead tackle from current fishing activity rather than from a reservoir of lead tackle on lake bottoms. To project the statewide loon population in the absence of lead fishing tackle as a stressor, we constructed a retrospective population model, which re‐inserted loons that died from lead tackle into the population, and used linear regression to test for a population‐level effect. We defined a population‐level effect as a difference in the population growth rate (λ). We estimated that lead tackle mortality reduced the population growth rate (λ) by 1.4% and the statewide population by 43% during the years of the study. This study suggests that replacing lead fishing sinkers and jigs weighing ≤28.4 g with non‐toxic alternatives would result in an immediate benefit to the loon population in New Hampshire. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Subspace arrangements as generalized star configurations
Authors: Tohǎneanu Ştefan O. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this note, we show that any projective subspace arrangement can be realized as a generalized star configuration variety. This type of interpolation result may be useful in designing linear codes with prescribed codewords of minimum weight, as well as in answering a couple of questions about the number of equations needed to define a generalized star configuration variety.