bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Resistive Switching Mechanism and Low Current Dynamics of Ru‐based Hybrid Synaptic Memristors
Authors: Woo Dae‐Seong , Jin Soo‐Min , Kim Jae‐Kyeong , Park Gwang‐Ho , Lee Woo‐Guk , Han Min‐Jong , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Shim Tae‐Hun , Park Jinsub , Park Jea‐Gun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMobile Ru ions in oxide media have been reported as a novel species that offer extremely low switching currents for memristors. However, their bi‐stable resistive‐switching (RS) and low‐switching currents dynamics have not been quantitatively unveiled. Here, the bi‐stable RS mechanism via in‐depth field‐induced atomic migration and chemical bonding state studies is elucidated, showing that the RS of the Ru‐based hybrid memristor (RHM) is possible via the simultaneously controlled hybrid Ru cation and oxygen anion. Additionally, the Ru ion mobility is quantitatively obtained via atomic moving distance and switching time measurements, demonstrating that the lower Ru ion mobility, compared to other conventional mobile species in oxide media, can be the origin of the low‐switching currents. It is found that the current conduction mechanism of the low‐resistance‐state in RHMs has temperature‐range‐dependencies. The direct tunneling conduction mechanism is dominant in relatively low temperatures; however, the ionic transport and thermally activated hopping conduction mechanism govern the current flow in high temperatures. Owing to the low Ru ion mobility, the RHM exhibits highly linear synaptic plasticity with a low‐conductance regime, showing outstanding energy efficiency compared to other memristors in image recognition tasks. These findings can contribute to improving the feasibility of hyper‐scale synaptic cores consisting of RHMs.
Triggering Reversible Intercalation‐Conversion Combined Chemistry for High‐Energy–Density Lithium Battery Cathodes
Authors: Heo Jaehoon , Jung Sung‐Kyun , Yu Seungju , Han Sangwook , Yoo Jaekyun , Kim Youngsu , Jang Ho‐Young , Kang Kisuk 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCombining intercalation and conversion reactions maximizes the utilization of redox‐active elements in electrodes, providing a means for overcoming the current capacity ceiling. However, integrating both mechanisms within a single electrode material presents significant challenges owing to their contrasting structural requirements. Intercalation requires a well‐defined host structure for efficient lithium‐ion diffusion, whereas conversion reactions entail structural reorganization, which can undermine intercalation capabilities. Based on the previous study that successfully demonstrated reversible intercalation–conversion chemistry in amorphous LiFeSO4F, this study aims to provide an in‐depth understanding on how this can be enabled. Experimental and theoretical investigations of a model system based on tavorite‐structured LiFeSO4F revealed that amorphization governs the activation and reversibility of the combined reactions. Enhanced reversibility is achieved through the facile migration of transition metals within the amorphous matrix. Unexpectedly, it is found that amorphization also narrowed the voltage gap between the intercalation and conversion reactions. This voltage‐gap reduction is explained by the thermodynamic metastability of the amorphous phase. The applicability of the approach to other intercalation hosts is further demonstrated, showing that amorphization enables reversible intercalation and conversion. These findings suggest a new strategy that leverages the full potential of intercalation and conversion reactions, introducing new avenues for cathode design.
Reconfigurable Visible Light‐Driven Liquid Crystalline Network Showing Off‐Equilibrium Motions Enabled by Mesogen‐Grafted Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts
Authors: Li Zhaozhong , Wang Zizheng , Chen Xinyu , Bao Jinying , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Zichen , Zhang Lanying , Xiao Jiumei , Lan Ruochen , Yang Huai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLiquid crystalline network (LCN)–based soft actuators have opened up great opportunities to fabricate emerging and intriguing smart materials, serving as potential building blocks for intelligent soft robotics. Endowing LCN actuators with complex responsive behaviors to enhance their intelligence is both challenging and highly demanded. Herein, Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASAs) molecules with rod‐like mesogen and the polymerizable group are judiciously designed and synthesized, which is strong‐colored at linear form and de‐coloration at cyclic form after visible light. In the colored state, the DASA presents a striking photothermal effect that is capable of driving the motions of LCN film. Upon visible light irradiation, the DASA becomes colorless, making the diminishing photothermal effect. The light‐gated switching of the photothermal effect renders the LCN films to be reconfigurable and perform off‐equilibrium motions. The varying glass transition temperature of LCN matrix endowing tunable isomerization rates of DASAs and the equilibrium balance of photo‐ and thermal‐isomerization at different temperatures in LCN‐P‐DASA film mainly guiding the off‐equilibrium or stable motions, providing high adjustability of the novel visible light‐driven LCN actuators. The multiply modulated LCN‐P‐DASA film holds great potential in constructing complex visible light‐driven soft actuators based on the synergetic effect and interactions of photochemical and photothermal effects.
DFT and AIMD Evaluation of Boron‐Doped Biphenylene as an Anode Material in Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fardi Mahdi , Hosseini Mohammadreza , Nasrollahpour Mokhtar , Vafaee Mohsen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDesign and proposal of high‐efficiency anode materials are crucial for the development of batteries with enhanced power and energy density, a key factor in their commercialization. This study presents a comparative theoretical study to evaluate the potential of boron‐doped biphenylene (B‐BP) as an anode electrode in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Current research investigates the impact of boron doping on the structural, electronic, and stability properties of pristine biphenylene. Computational calculations reveal strong interactions between charge carriers (Li and Na atoms) and the proposed anode with a charge transfer from Li/Na atom to the surface. According to kinetic studies, a low energy barrier for charge carrier diffusion has been obtained which makes it a promising candidate for fast‐charge battery applications. Theoretical capacity calculations show that B‐BP outperforms graphite as the commercial case of anode material, with calculated values of 560.67 mAh g−1 for Li and 934.45 mAh g−1 for Na storage.
Advancing Optoelectronics with Benzonitriles: Theoretical Understanding, Experimental Realization, and Single‐Molecule White Light Emission
Authors: Szukalski Adam , Szukalska Alina , El Karout Houda , Wawrzynczyk Dominika , Zawadzka Anna , Wielgosz Robert , Sahraoui Bouchta , Krawczyk Przemysław 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBenzonitrile derivatives (BDs) are very promising for applications in materials science, photonics, and optoelectronics due to their intriguing electronic and optical properties. This study comprehensively investigates BDs, aiming to uncover their fundamental characteristics and potential applications. Using advanced theoretical techniques like Gaussian software, it is gained unprecedented insights into the photoinduced isomerization phenomenon for all‐optical switching in these compounds. The theoretical framework clarifies molecular transition states and explores a range of properties, providing a comprehensive understanding of BDs. Empirical data on the emission properties of BDs, from fluorescence analyses in liquid solutions to light amplification in solid‐state PMMA thin films, complement the theoretical examinations. Notably, white light emission from a single benzonitrile compound is achieved, showcasing its potential for data transmission through Li‐Fi technology. Finally, the all‐optical switching phenomenon in BDs using 3rd order nonlinear optical effects is experimentally validated. This complementary and comprehensive study advances understanding of BDs and demonstrates their potential for practical applications in emerging photonic and optoelectronic technologies.
Hierarchically‐Interlocked, Three‐Axis soft Iontronic Sensor for Omnidirectional Shear and Normal Forces
Authors: Shen Zequn , Ren Jieji , Zhang Ningbin , Li Jinhao , Gu Guoying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificial tactile sensing capable of measuring shear and normal forces is crucial for the diverse human‐machine interactions and dexterous robotic manipulations. However, existing soft multi‐axis force sensors usually suffer from limited detectable directions and complex coupling mechanisms, limiting their applications in realistic wearable and robotic systems. Here, a hierarchically‐interlocked, three‐axis soft iontronic sensor is presented with an asymmetrical electrode pattern that leverages the mortise‐and‐tenon structure and ultracapacitive principle to detect omnidirectional shear and normal forces. The designed sensor facilitates the decoupling process and achieves enhanced sensing performances including high accuracy, fast response ability, and mechanical robustness. Prototypical integration and application of the sensor are demonstrated to perform wearable telecontrol of virtual platforms and assist robot gripper through closed‐loop force feedback. A sensing array is further developed to construct a touch panel and identify handwriting based on the continuously measured directions of applied forces. This work may offer a potentially promising solution for the next‐generation intelligent electronic skins requiring multimodal tactile sensing information.
Percutaneous Wearable Biosensors: A Brief History and Systems Perspective
Authors: Peterson Kaila L. , Shukla Rajendra P. , Daniele Michael A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWearable biosensors are envisioned to disrupt both delivery and accessibility of healthcare by providing real‐time, continuous monitoring of informative and predictive physiological markers in convenient, user‐friendly, and portable designs. In recent years, there has been myriad demonstrations of biosensor‐integrated clothing and skin‐borne biosensor patches, enabled by device miniaturization, reduced power consumption, and new biosensing chemistries. Despite these impressive demonstrations, most consumer‐grade wearables have been limited to biophotonic and biopotential sensing methods to extrapolate information such as pulse, blood oxygenation, and electrocardiograms. The only commercial example of wearable electrochemical sensing methods is for glucose monitoring. However, there is a growing interest in developing percutaneous biosensors for monitoring in interstitial fluid (ISF), which offers direct access to popular analytes such as glucose, lactate, and urea, as well as new targets like hormones, antibodies, and even medications. Herein, a brief context for the current status of wearable biosensors is provided and assess the major engineering successes and pitfalls of percutaneous biosensors over the past five years, with a view to identifying areas for further developments that will enable deployable, clinical‐ or consumer‐grade systems.
Enhancing Exosomal Delivery to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms using Magnetically Responsive Chemotactic Nanomotors for Elastic Matrix Regenerative Repair
Authors: Wang Lulu , Zhang Yao , Mao Chun , Li Xiaoqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) involve localized dilation of the abdominal aorta, with the reversal of this condition being significantly limited by the inherently poor and abnormal regenerative repair of the aortic elastic matrix. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (MSCEs) are promising regenerative tools; however, achieving precise targeting of AAA with MSCEs is challenging owing to the high blood flow in the arterial system. In this study, an engineered exosomal nanomotor is developed for magnetic and chemical propulsion. The results demonstrate that this nanomotor effectively enhances the delivery of MSCEs to the AAA through magnetic field navigation and catalase‐induced chemotaxis. The nanomotor significantly enhances the elastic matrix repair, reduces oxidative stress, and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to aneurysm shrinkage and reversal. In addition, the nanomotor possesses magnetic resonance imaging capabilities. The use of this nanomotor offers a novel, targeted drug delivery system in a rat model of AAA and holds promise as a potential therapeutic option for this condition.
Submicron Embedded Air/GaN Diffraction Gratings for Photonic Applications
Authors: Gołyga Oliwia , Muziol Grzegorz , Feduniewicz‐Żmuda Anna , Siekacz Marcin , Turski Henryk , Sochacki Tomasz , Słowikowski Mateusz , Prozheev Igor , Tuomisto Filip , Pruszyńska‐Karbownik Emilia , Fąs Tomasz , Suffczyński Jan , Skierbiszewski Czesław , Sawicka Marta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe integration of photonic elements with nitride optoelectronic structures allows control of emitted light properties, which is advantageous for achieving, e.g., a single wavelength lasing. Positioning of the photonic structures on the top surface of GaN‐based devices is problematic, in particular, for deposition of a metal contact to p‐type top layer. In this work, custom‐shaped submicron air channels arranged periodically 150 nm below the sample surface, forming an air/GaN diffraction grating embedded within a volume of the structure is proposed and fabricated. The fabrication process includes selective area Si ion implantation, GaN regrowth using plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy, ultra‐high‐pressure annealing for efficient electrical activation of implanted Si without diffusion, and electrochemical etching for the removal of selectively doped material. Embedded air/GaN diffraction gratings with periodicity of 460 and 631 nm are shown. Width of air channels ranges from 46 to 320 nm. Angle and polarization resolved reflectivity measurements combined with theoretical modeling confirm the designed optical performance of the embedded diffraction gratings in the GaN volume. The presented design and fabrication of custom‐shaped, fully integrated photonic structures buried below the surface paves the way for novel type constructions of optoelectronic devices, such as compact distributed feedback laser diodes
Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Kinetics and Proton Transfer of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ Cathode through Pr2Ni0.5Co0.5O4−δ Impregnation for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Yao Penghui , Zhang Jian , Qiu Qianyuan , Zhao Yicheng , Yu Fangyong , Li Yongdan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSluggish reaction kinetics in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important challenges to the development of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) exhibits high mixed ionic–electronic conductivity in traditional solid oxide fuel cells, but their slow proton transfer and ORR kinetics impedes practical applications. Herein, composite Pr2Ni0.5Co0.5O4−δ (PNC) particles composed of a perovskite PrNi0.5Co0.5O3−δ phase and a PrO2 phase are impregnated into a LSCF cathode to enhance the ORR activity and proton transfer. The polarization tested in a symmetric cell with PNC‐impregnated LSCF cathode is 0.06 Ω cm2 at 700 °C. The fuel cell with this impregnated cathode shows maximum power densities of 1857 mW cm−2 at 700 °C. Moreover, the impregnated cathode exhibits a low degradation rate in the durability test. This work not only provides a novel and practical approach to improving the performance of current cathode materials for PCFCs but also highlights the potential for enhancing the commercial viability of PCFC technology.
An Emerging Solid‐State Electrolyte Reactor to Drive the Future of Electrochemical Synthesis
Authors: Li Weisong , Zhai Yanjie , Xia Qing , Zhang Xiao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectrochemical reactors, powered by renewable electricity, have garnered widespread attention for chemical synthesis due to their low energy consumption and pollution‐free features. However, the inherent design flaw of traditional electrochemical reactors has persistently hindered the advancement of electrochemical synthesis, as they result in low product concentrations, low purity, and continuous production issues. As a novel electrochemical reactor, the porous solid‐state electrolyte (PSE) reactor is elaborately designed to overcome the limitation by enabling the direct and continuous synthesis of pure products, possessing a modular and scalable structure with high efficiency, safety, and long stability. In this work, first, the distinctive design of the PSE reactor, highlighting its structural features, core components, and variable configurations, is introduced. Furthermore, the configuration‐relevant applications in electrosynthesis, such as formic acid, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, are summarized. Integrated applications are also discussed, along with potential domains for improvements and optimization. Finally, the future developmental directions of the PSE devices are thoroughly explored. By addressing its unique design attributes, showcasing its capabilities, and envisioning prospective refinements and diverse applications, the aim is to boost the progression of this transformative technology toward widespread commercialization and industrial adoption, thereby revolutionizing sustainable electrochemical synthesis.
Timing of Alzheimer's disease biomarker progressions: A two‐decade observational study from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Authors: Schaap Tamar , Thropp Pamela , Tosun Duygu ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has been pivotal in identifying and refining Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers for clinical trials. This study leverages longitudinal data from participants who have progressed to amyloid‐positivity during their study participation to track evolution of biomarkers and cognitive function.METHODSWe modeled AD biomarker (positron emission tomography [PET], structural, cerebrospinal fluid [CSF], cognition) trajectories before and after observed amyloid‐positivity onset time to detect time at which each biomarker had detectable trajectory changes.RESULTSAnalysis of a sub‐cohort of the 20‐year ADNI study (N = 90) recapitulated Alzheimer's progression beginning with amyloid alterations ‐4.8 to ‐5.3 years relative to amyloid‐positivity, succeeded by neurodegeneration (t = ‐4.0 to ‐4.1 years), and CSF tau (t = ‐0.4 to ‐0.5 years). Cognitive decline was observed to significantly correspond with emergence of amyloid‐positivity (t = 0.2 to 2.4 years).DISCUSSIONOur results corroborate temporal progression curves of AD biomarkers, providing insights on earliest detectable changes in objective and subjective cognitive function assessments.
Efficacy and Safety of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular, Renal Events, and Safety Outcomes in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes: A Population‐Based Target Trial Emulation
Authors: Ma Kevin Sheng‐Kai , Lo Jui‐En , Kyttaris Vasileios C. , Tsokos George C. , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivePatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were excluded from sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) clinical trials. It is unknown whether the cardiorenal benefits of SGLT2i extend to patients with SLE and comorbid type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe performed an emulated clinical trial in an insurance‐based cohort in the United States, evaluating SGLT2i versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4i) for primary prevention of cardiovascular, renal, and other clinical outcomes among patients with both SLE and comorbid T2D. SGLT2i initiators were matched to DPP4i initiators using propensity scores (PSs) based on clinical and demographic factors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox models.ResultsOutcomes among 2,165 patients starting SGLT2i and 2,165 PS‐matched patients starting DPP4i were compared. Over 753.1 (±479.2) mean days, SGLT2i recipients had significantly lower risks of incident acute kidney injury (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.39–0.63), chronic kidney disease (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.50–0.76), end‐stage renal disease (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20–0.80), heart failure (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.92), emergency department visits (HR 0.90, 0.82–0.99), and severe sepsis (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39–0.94). Risks of all‐cause mortality (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.65–1.21), lupus nephritis (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.38–1.15), myocardial infarction (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.54–1.23), stroke (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.74–1.44), and hospitalizations (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.51–1.12) did not differ. Genital infection risk (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07–1.61) was increased, but urinary tract infection risk (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.79–1.03) did not differ. No significant difference was observed for diabetic ketoacidosis risk (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.53–2.14) and fractures (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.66–1.36).ConclusionIn this emulated clinical trial, treatment with SGLT2i, compared to DPP4i therapy, was associated with significantly reduced risks of several cardiorenal complications among patients with both SLE and T2D.
Mental health and its consequences in people living with HIV: A network approach
Authors: Meeder Elise M. G. , Eekeren Louise E. van , Blaauw Marc J. T. , Groenendijk Albert L. , Vos Wilhelm A. J. W. , Lunzen Jan van , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. , Mast Quirijn de , Blok Willem L. , Verbon Annelies , Berrevoets Marvin A. H. , Matzaraki Vasiliki , Ven Andre J. A. M. van der , Schellekens Arnt F. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesPsychiatric symptoms occur frequently in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), which may affect quality of life, sexual risk behavior, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Data from large cohorts are limited, and symptoms are often analyzed in isolation. Therefore, we applied a network analysis to assess the interrelatedness of mental health indicators in a large cohort of PLWH.MethodsWe included 1615 PLWH on ART. Participants reported on the severity of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, substance use, quality of life, sexual risk behavior, and ART adherence. An Ising network model was constructed to analyze interrelations between mental health indicators and connections with clinical consequences.ResultsOur network analysis revealed that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and indicators of impulsivity were interrelated. Substance use was prevalent and strongly connected with sexual risk behavior. Quality of life was most strongly connected with symptoms of depression. Unexpectedly, ART adherence did not display connections with any of the mental health indicators.ConclusionIn PLWH, the interrelatedness between symptoms of depression and anxiety and indicators of impulsivity is high. Mainly, depressive symptoms seem to impact quality of life, which warrants attention for depression in PLWH. We did not observe evidence for the common assumption that patients suffering from psychiatric symptoms are less adherent to HIV treatment.