bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the Ail Ligand-Binding Surface: Hydrophobic Residues in Two Extracellular Loops Mediate Cell and Extracellular Matrix Binding To Facilitate Yop Delivery
Authors: Tsang Tiffany M. , Wiese Jeffrey S. , Alhabeil Jamal A. , Usselman Lisa D. , Thomson Joshua J. , Matti Rafla , Kronshage Malte , Maricic Natalie , Williams Shanedah , Sleiman Naama H. , Felek Suleyman , Krukonis Eric S. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Yersinia pestis
, the causative agent of plague, binds host cells to deliver cytotoxic Yop proteins into the cytoplasm that prevent phagocytosis and generation of proinflammatory cytokines. Ail is an eight-stranded β-barrel outer membrane protein with four extracellular loops that mediates cell binding and resistance to human serum. Following the deletion of each of the four extracellular loops that potentially interact with host cells, the Ail-Δloop 2 and Ail-Δloop 3 mutant proteins had no cell-binding activity while Ail-Δloop 4 maintained cell binding (the Ail-Δloop 1 protein was unstable). Using the codon mutagenesis scheme SWIM (selection without isolation of mutants), we identified individual residues in loops 1, 2, and 3 that contribute to host cell binding. While several residues contributed to the binding of host cells and purified fibronectin and laminin, as well as Yop delivery, three mutations, F80A (loop 2), S128A (loop 3), and F130A (loop 3), produced particularly severe defects in cell binding. Combining these mutations led to an even greater reduction in cell binding and severely impaired Yop delivery with only a slight defect in serum resistance. These findings demonstrate that
Y. pestis
Ail uses multiple extracellular loops to interact with substrates important for adhesion via polyvalent hydrophobic interactions.
Differences in optoelectronic properties between H-saturated and unsaturated GaN nanowires with DFT method
Authors: Diao Yu , Liu Lei , Xia Sihao , Kong Yike 
Published: February 2017

To investigate the influences of dangling bonds on GaN nanowires surface, the differences in optoelectronic properties between H-saturated and unsaturated GaN nanowires are researched through first-principles study. The GaN nanowires along the [0001] growth direction with diameters of 3.7, 7.5 and 9.5 Å are considered. According to the results, H-saturated GaN nanowires are more stable than the unsaturated ones. With increasing nanowire diameter, unsaturated GaN nanowires become more stable, while the stability of H-saturated GaN nanowires has little change. After geometry optimization, the atomic displacements of unsaturated and H-saturated models are almost reversed. In (0001) crystal plane, Ga atoms tend to move inwards and N atoms tend to move outwards slightly for the unsaturated nanowires, while Ga atoms tend to move outwards and N atoms tend to move inwards slightly for the H-saturated nanowires. Besides, with increasing nanowire diameter, the conduction band minimum of H-saturated nanowire moves to the lower energy side, while that of the unsaturated nanowire changes slightly. The bandgaps of H-saturated nanowires are approaching to bulk GaN as the diameter increases. Absorption curves and reflectivity curves of the unsaturated and H-saturated nanowires exhibit the same trend with the change of energy except the H-saturated models which show larger variations. Through all the calculated results above, we can better understand the effects of dangling bonds on the optoelectronic properties of GaN nanowires and select more proper calculation models and methods for other calculations.
Urbanization Impacts on the Summer Heavy Rainfall Climatology over the Eastern United States
Authors: Niyogi Dev , Lei Ming , Kishtawal Chandra , Schmid Paul , Shepherd Marshall 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The relationship between rainfall characteristics and urbanization over the eastern United States was examined by analyzing four datasets: daily rainfall in 4593 surface stations over the last 50 years (1958–2008), a high-resolution gridded rainfall product, reanalysis wind data, and a proxy for urban land use (gridded human population data). Results indicate that summer monthly rainfall amounts show an increasing trend in urbanized regions. The frequency of heavy rainfall events has a potential positive bias toward urbanized regions. Most notably, consistent with case studies for individual cities, the climatology of rainfall amounts downwind of urban–rural boundaries shows a significant increasing trend. Analysis of heavy (90th percentile) and extreme (99.5th percentile) rainfall events indicated decreasing trends of heavy rainfall events and a possible increasing trend for extreme rainfall event frequency over urban areas. Results indicate that the urbanization impact was more pronounced in the northeastern and midwestern United States with an increase in rainfall amounts. In contrast, the southeastern United States showed a slight decrease in rainfall amounts and heavy rainfall event frequencies. Results suggest that the urbanization signature is becoming detectable in rainfall climatology as an anthropogenic influence affecting regional precipitation; however, extracting this signature is not straightforward and requires eliminating other dynamical confounding feedbacks.
A Diagnosis of Excessive Mixing in Smagorinsky Subfilter-Scale Turbulent Kinetic Energy Models
Authors: de Roode Stephan R. , Jonker Harm J. J. , van de Wiel Bas J. H. , Vertregt Victor , Perrin Vincent 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Large-eddy simulation (LES) models are widely used to study atmospheric turbulence. The effects of small-scale motions that cannot be resolved need to be modeled by a subfilter-scale (SFS) model. The SFS contribution to the turbulent fluxes is typically significant in the surface layer. This study presents analytical solutions of the classical Smagorinsky SFS turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) model including a buoyancy flux contribution. Both a constant length scale and a stability-dependent one as proposed by Deardorff are considered. Analytical expressions for the mixing functions are derived and Monin–Obukhov similarity relations that are implicitly imposed by the SFS TKE model are diagnosed. For neutral and weakly stable conditions, observations indicate that the turbulent Prandtl number (PrT) is close to unity. However, based on observations in the convective boundary layer, a lower value for PrT is often applied in LES models. As a lower Prandtl number promotes a stronger mixing of heat, this may cause excessive mixing, which is quantified from a direct comparison of the mixing function as imposed by the SFS TKE model with empirical fits from field observations. For a strong stability, the diagnosed mixing functions for both momentum and heat are larger than observed. The problem of excessive mixing will be enhanced for anisotropic grids. The findings are also relevant for high-resolution numerical weather prediction models that use a Smagorinsky-type TKE closure.
Imiquimod Injection to Rabbit Vocal Folds: A Preliminary, Preclinical Investigation
Authors: Teng Stephanie E. , Dion Gregory R. , Sin Danielle N. , Hiwatashi Nao , Benedict Peter A. , Amin Milan R. , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveGiven the recalcitrant nature of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, targeted therapies to reduce disease burden are fundamental to improved patient care paradigms. We seek to demonstrate the safety of imiquimod injection into vocal fold mucosa by evaluating the degree of laryngeal edema, histopathologic changes to vocal fold structure, and serologic interferon α (IFNα) levels following injection.Study DesignPreclinical.SettingAcademic institution.Subjects and MethodsSix New Zealand White rabbits underwent unilateral injection of 100 µg of sterile imiquimod (1 µg/µL), with 100 µL of normal saline injected into the contralateral vocal fold. Direct laryngoscopy was performed on days 3, 7, and 30 following injection. Larynges from 3 rabbits were harvested on postinjection day 7 for histologic analysis. The remaining 3 rabbit larynges were harvested on day 30. Serial serum samples were drawn for IFNα quantification via immunoassay.ResultsNo signs of respiratory distress were observed at any point. Vocal fold appearance was not clinically divergent between imiquimod and control conditions via serial direct laryngoscopic evaluation. No inflammatory lesions or scarring were identified following injection. Histology showed no signs of acute inflammatory processes or changes in the control or imiquimod injection groups. Serum IFNα increased at days 3 and 7 following imiquimod injection (P <. 0001 and P =. 0368, respectively), before returning to baseline by day 14.ConclusionsVocal fold imiquimod injection did not result in notable morbidity in this preclinical model. However, serum IFNα concentrations increased transiently. These data are critical to advance the therapeutic utility of this compound, particularly in the setting of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
The Rap1–cofilin-1 pathway coordinates actin reorganization and MTOC polarization at the B cell immune synapse
Authors: Wang Jia C. , Lee Jeff Y.-J. , Christian Sonja , Dang-Lawson May , Pritchard Caitlin , Freeman Spencer A. , Gold Michael R. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
B cells that bind antigens displayed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) form an immune synapse, a polarized cellular structure that optimizes the dual functions of the B cell receptor (BCR), signal transduction and antigen internalization. Immune synapse formation involves polarization of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) towards the APC. We now show that BCR-induced MTOC polarization requires the Rap1 GTPase (which has two isoforms, Rap1a and Rap1b), an evolutionarily conserved regulator of cell polarity, as well as cofilin-1, an actin-severing protein that is regulated by Rap1. MTOC reorientation towards the antigen contact site correlated strongly with cofilin-1-dependent actin reorganization and cell spreading. We also show that BCR-induced MTOC polarization requires the dynein motor protein as well as IQGAP1, a scaffolding protein that can link the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. At the periphery of the immune synapse, IQGAP1 associates closely with F-actin structures and with the microtubule plus-end-binding protein CLIP-170 (also known as CLIP1). Moreover, the accumulation of IQGAP1 at the antigen contact site depends on F-actin reorganization that is controlled by Rap1 and cofilin-1. Thus the Rap1–cofilin-1 pathway coordinates actin and microtubule organization at the immune synapse.
Use and perception of hospital-based maternity care services among women in selected communities of Ife Central LGA, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Olowokere Adekemi , Onyeamaobi Chinenye , Olowokere Idowu 
Published: February 2017

Background: Poor use of skilled birth attendants has contributed to non-realisation of Millennium Development Goal 5 in Nigeria. Objective: This study was designed to assess use of hospital-based maternity care services (HBMCS), women's perception of HBMCS, and factors that influence the use of these services among women. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Participants were selected through systematic sampling at household level. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analysed using frequency tables and χ2 at P < 0.05. Findings: A total of 219 participants (55.4%) used HBMCS, and 210 (53.2%) had a good perception of HBMCS. Perception was not significantly associated with HBMCS use in this study (χ2 = 0.101, P = 0.414). Factors found to be linked with use of HBMCS were: logistics and hospital protocols; partner's choice; and attitude of health professionals. Conclusions: This study emphasised the need to reduce bureaucracy associated with HBMCS, improve attitudes and involve men to promote women's use of HBMCS.
Elysium as a critical dystopia
Authors: Mirrlees Tanner , Pedersen Isabel 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This article argues that Elysium communicates a ‘critical dystopia’ that illuminates and interrogates global capitalism’s worst social, political, ecological and technological conditions and shows them being resisted and changed, for the better. To this end, our article’s first section contextualizes Elysium by building upon recent studies of global Hollywood, the genre characteristics and politics of science fiction films and ‘critical dystopia’. The second section interprets Elysium’s dystopian future of society, the state, environment and technology, and argues it forwards a critique of present-day global capitalism’s class divisions and dispossessions, neo-liberal security state, ecological catastrophe and militarized technology. The third section excavates Elysium’s alternative to the fictional and actual dystopic conditions of capitalism the film critiques, thereby liberating the film’s imminent utopian content from the cage of its commodity form. The conclusion addresses some important criticisms of Elysium’s politics: its perpetuation of Hollywood’s ‘white saviour’ trope, regressive gender dynamics, and ‘single point of failure’ fantasy. Despite these problems, Elysium still has value as a critical dystopian film.
International Puppet Festival LUTKE 2014
Authors: Jelesijević Nenad 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article considers fragments of performances from the Ljubljana International Puppet Festival, especially emphasizing Antigone and Georges Méliès’ Final Trick. It places at its centre the hybridisation of the bodies of puppet and puppeteer as a phenomenon that creates unexpected transitions of form and sensuality – that is, a trans-situation, in which sensual distribution occurs not only among living individuals but also among (animated) objects. A trans-situation allows for a wider space of sensual distribution within the temporary bounds of the performance.
Bubbling Boundless Creativity
Authors: Redjko Mojca 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article focuses on the latest edition of a large puppet festival that has been taking place in Charleville-Mézières since 1961. The top names in world puppetry participate at the biennial festival, whose rich festival happenings and events move from the city’s numerous halls to its streets, squares and even private apartments. In 2015, the main part of the programme consisted of shows and events for adult audiences.
The “Terrorism” of Puppets. An Attempt at understanding state violence in the arrest of two Spanish puppeteers accused of “promoting terrorism” in a play.
Authors: Gelderloos Peter 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article reports on the arrest and detainment of two Spanish puppeteers for promoting terrorism during their puppet performance at the Carnival in Madrid; it also mentions an anarchistic organization accused of promoting terrorism. While pointing out the various levels of irony involved in this particular incident, the author then outlines the bigger picture of repression in Spain (and across the world) being carried out by way of anti-terrorist politics.
’Man’ as X-Foucault, Kant and their doublets
Authors: Apostolou-Hölscher Stefan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The concept of ‘man’ is introduced by Michel Foucault in the context of a discursive formation that, for him, emerges toward the end of the 18th century, following the epistemes of the Renaissance and Classical periods, which, by way of contrast, had foregrounded similarity and representation as ordering principles. Instead of a guaranteed correspondence between the subject and the object of thought, the modern era is concerned with the finitude of concrete ‘human beings’ in their relation to an abstract ‘humanity’, and asks under what conditions is a correlation of a subject with its objects possible in experience.
As a Cloud Shaped by the Winds
Authors: Blanga-Gubbay Daniel 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
With the words “I hereby resign from art” imprinted on a postcard in 1985, Joseph Beuys seems to retrospectively summarize what has been the whole attempt of his art: withdrawing from the image, resisting the achieved discourse. Beuys shows, above all, the potentiality of this interruption: different equal possibilities dwell always in the same matter and no future form is predetermined or necessary. The matter does not have a unique destiny, but rather exposes an uncertainty that asks to be investigated in the present. The matter emerges from the point of view of its sheer contingency of becoming all forms, as a cloud shaped by the winds, and Beuys’ artistic measures all aim to bring the material into play as the non-human performer of the creation.
While opening a reflection on the concept of the possible, this article puts into question the very form of its presentation. Scholars in Humanities often use images when presenting their thoughts and reflections: powerpoints are prepared following a unique line, and images in a presentation are used to sustain a single given discourse. But what if these images, while refusing to follow a single line and appearing all together, as in a Warburgian constellation, were able to suggest completely different connections and different possible discourses in the empty space among them?
The article discloses a space where the notion of contingency affects content and form; it shares a possible discourse, but it presents it as a possible one; it discloses a space where images – in their different impulses, like winds coming from different directions – open up the vitality of their uncertain relation.
Between the Body, the Object and the Image: Dance and the Visual Arts in Puppet Art
Authors: Herbin Renaud 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The close connection between creation, theory, and institutions is the starting point for the author’s reflection on the kinds of spaces the latter should prepare. He emphasises that of particular interest are those spaces that are established between different approaches (or rather relationships between the body, the object, and the image). In Reprendre son soufflé by Julika Mayer, the puppet and the actor form a relationship that leaves none of the participants untouched but allows their identities to be changed. Similarly, the puppeteer-dancer in Uta Gebert’s Anubis reveals himself in order to uncover the relationship which links him and the puppet: both exist solely in motion, in the zone of exchange. Bodies and objects, assembled into body-objects, seem to meet by chance in Miet Warlop’s Springville, but in the forefront is the Image, which follows a visual logic in placing the body-objects in different configurations. On the other hand, the space occupied by the body in Yngvild Aspeli’s Signaux is undefined: the actor, his puppet-double, and his phantom limb embody a feeling of strangeness and pain. In the project Anémochore, Christophe Le Blay enables the embodiment of the environment (the wind) in the image of a recorded trace, with which a dancer then engages in dance. Space is therefore something unfinished, something open, undefinable and empty, all of which applies equally to bodies, objects, and images.
Sound Animation, or on the Singing Stone
Authors: Kus Peter 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The starting point for the author’s reflection on sound animation is the Egyptian statue of Memnon, the stone that sang at dawn; at first sight, this appears to be an oxymoron, for stone is an allegory of the inanimate, and yet immortal, while voice is the exact opposite, the fleeting sign of life. This opposition has triggered thinking about the life of stone and about the question of whether stone – not unlike musical instruments – has its own soul or if another life sounds through it. The author touches upon cosmological theories and world mythologies, which describe the world and its origin with musical metaphors, as well as the superstring theory in contemporary physics, according to which the vibrations of superstrings determine the properties of particles and forces in nature. Oscillation, then, is an innate property of all things; hence, man is not only a constructor and animator, but must also listen to things and become an echo of their own sounds. In this relationship, the author finds the line separating classical, mainly industrial, instruments from original musical instruments that originate from the “animation” of materials: in the first case, it is the musician who expresses him- or herself, while in the latter case, it is the object that does so; the former instruments are played by musicians, the latter are animated by them. The writer is the author of musical puppet plays in which set design elements, props and puppets enable visual and theatrical expressiveness as well as the performance of music; therefore, his performances are an indivisible blend of puppet animation and music concerts.
How Fertilisation Affects Distribution Of Carbon And Nutrients In Vineyard Soil?
Authors: Šimanský Vladimír , Horák Ján , Ložek Otto , Chlpík Juraj 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The effect of fertilisation on C and N, P, K nutrients distribution in the Rendzic Leptosol in locality Nitra-Dražovce was studied. We evaluated the following treatments of fertilisation: (1) G (non-fertilised), (2) FYM (farmyard manure – dose 40 t/ha), (3) G+NPK3 (grass + 3rd intensity of fertilisation for vineyards), and (4) G+NPK1 (grass + 1st intensity of fertilisation for vineyards). The soil samples were taken in spring during the years 2008–2015. Obtained results showed that the content of organic carbon (Corg) decreased in the following order: G+NPK1 > FYM > G > G+NPK3 and content of total nitrogen (Nt) decreased in the following order: FYM > G+NPK3 > G+NPK1 > G. The application of NPK in the 1st intensity of fertilisation for vineyards and added FYM build up a Corg at an average rate of 370 and 229 mg/kg/year, respectively. On the other hand, contents of Nt due to fertilisation declined in FYM, G+NPK3 and G+NPK1 at an average rate of 53, 22 and 20 mg/kg/year, respectively. Available P and K contents were also increased after the fertilisation of FYM and NPK. Added fertilisers (G+NPK3) significantly build up a P at an average rate of 10.2 mg/kg/year.
Zustandsbeobachtung linearer Systeme mit unbekannten Eingängen
Authors: Lunze Jan 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag fasst Ergebnisse zur Zustandsbeobachtung linearer Systeme zusammen, die durch Eingangsgrößen
beeinflusst werden, die nicht messbar und deshalb nicht für die Beobachtung auswertbar sind. Das
Beobachtungsproblem wird durch die unbekannten Eingänge wesentlich erschwert, so dass die Existenzbedingungen für eine
Lösung des Problems deutlich schärfer sind als die bekannten Beobachtbarkeitsbedingungen. Der Beitrag erläutert notwendige
und hinreichende Bedingungen für die Existenz des Beobachters, gibt eine allgemeine Lösung des Beobachtungsproblems an und
illustriert diese am Beispiel eines
Industrieofens.
Transdisciplinarity of Edusemiotics
Authors: Seif Farouk Y. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEdusemiotics emerges as a fresh field of inquiry that benefits from the mutual reciprocities between design thinking and semiotic interpretation. By revealing these mutual reciprocities, edusemiotics emerges as one of the most important developments in educational philosophy, bridging the gap between the humanities and sciences that was fashioned by modernity and postmodernity. In a transmodern world, we are free and able to cross over diaphanous boundaries among diverse disciplines and transcend our assumptions about the ephemeral phenomena of reality. The transdisciplinarity of edusemiotics encourages us to integrate theoretical investigations and practical applications in both humanities and sciences, and turns our attention to the development of our capacity to integrate factual information and imaginative interpretation. Therefore, we truly become educators of adult learners.