bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latif’s point: A new point for Veress needle insertion for pneumoperitoneum in difficult laparoscopy
Authors: Abd Ellatif Mohamed E , Ghnnam Wagih M , Abbas Ashraf , Basheer Magdy , Dawoud Ibrahim , Ellaithy Ramadan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionCreating pneumoperitoneum is the most challenging step during laparoscopy. The periumbilical area is the classic site for Veress needle insertion. We adopted a new access point for peritoneal insufflation.MethodsWe introduced a new point for Veress needle insertion to create pneumoperitoneum during difficult laparoscopic procedures. The needle is placed between the xiphoid process and the right costal margin, and it then proceeds toward the patient’s right axilla. We collected data to compare using this new method of peritoneal insufflation with using Palmer's point for pneumoperitoneum.ResultsSince 2013, we have used this new technique in 570 patients (first group) and Palmer’s point in 459 patients (second group). Among these patients, 196 patients (20%) had had previous abdominal operations, 98 patients (10%) had irreducible ventral hernia, and 735 patients (70%) were morbidly obese. The two groups were comparable in terms of patient characteristics. The mean time to create pneumoperitoneum in the first group was 0.8 ± 0.002 min compared to 1.08 ± 0.007 min in the second group (P ≤ 0.5). The mean number of punctures was 1.57 ± 1.02 in the first group compared to 2.9 ± 1.5 in the second group (P≤ 0.5); in the first group, 97% were successful on the first attempt entry, whereas this figure was 91% in second group. In the first group, the liver was punctured in 13 patients without any further complications; no other viscera were punctured. In the second group, gastric puncture occurred in 5 cases, transverse colon in 2 cases, and omental injury in 12 cases.ConclusionThis new access point may represent a safe, fast, and easy way to create pneumoperitoneum, as well as a promising alternative to Palmer’s point in patients who are not candidates for classic midline entry.
Demographics, farm and reproductive management strategies used in Australian automatic milking systems compared with regionally proximal conventional milking systems
Authors: Keeper DM , Kerrisk KL , House JK , Garcia SC , Thomson P 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the management practices utilised in automatic milking systems (AMS) that affect reproductive management and performance and how these compare with the management practices used in regionally proximal conventional milking systems (CMS).MethodsThis study examined demographic and management data from AMS and CMS dairy farms through a survey, with a specific focus on reproductive management procedures.ResultsOverall, responses from AMS and CMS dairy farms showed little difference in terms of respondent demographics, farm size, herd structure and most farm management strategies. AMS dairies were more likely to use activity meters or other electronic oestrus detection aids than CMS dairies (P < 0.001) and were also more likely to have changed to electronic recording systems (P = 0.007). Although many respondents indicated that they used key monitoring parameters to assess reproductive performance (e.g. days in milk, conception vs pregnancy rate etc.), the format of responses varied significantly, indicating a relatively widespread (among the respondents) lack of knowledge regarding the meaning and usage of some of these common parameters/terminology.ConclusionsUltimately, reproductive management practices of AMS dairies were largely similar to those of CMS dairies, indicating that such practices can be implemented in a practical sense, even though the resultant reproductive performance is not yet understood. Understanding that the key reproductive management strategies do not need to change vastly is important to ensure that new adoptees are well informed. Further work is needed to objectively measure AMS performance to increase the knowledge base and generate the confidence that will facilitate further adoption of this innovation.
Presuming patient autonomy in the face of therapeutic misconception
Authors: McConville Pat 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTherapeutic misconception involves the failure of subjects either to understand or to incorporate into their own expectations the distinctions in nature and purpose of personally responsive therapeutic care, and the generic relationship between subject and investigator which is constrained by research protocols. Researchers cannot disregard this phenomenon if they are to ensure that subjects engage in research on the basis of genuine informed consent. However, our presumption of patient autonomy must be sustained unless we have compelling evidence of serious misunderstanding. This article argues that the mere expression of aspects of therapeutic misconception should not necessarily displace the presumption of subject autonomy or undermine ethical inclusion in research for at least three reasons. First, some interpretations of the empirical data do not suggest misunderstanding. Second, assessment of misestimation and optimism are delicate and value‐laden, and turn quickly from questions of autonomy to questions of judgment. Third, incomplete understanding may yet be sufficient to allow a subject to engage in a substantially autonomous decision‐making process. Our point is not to dismiss the possibility of genuine therapeutic misconception, but to question its frequency and fatality to the consent process.
Perceptual support promotes strategy generation: Evidence from equation solving
Authors: Alibali Martha W. , Crooks Noelle M. , McNeil Nicole M. 
Published: August 2017

Over time, children shift from using less optimal strategies for solving mathematics problems to using better ones. But why do children generate new strategies? We argue that they do so when they begin to encode problems more accurately; therefore, we hypothesized that perceptual support for correct encoding would foster strategy generation. Fourth‐grade students solved mathematical equivalence problems (e.g., 3 + 4 + 5 = 3 + __) in a pre‐test. They were then randomly assigned to one of three perceptual support conditions or to a Control condition. Participants in all conditions completed three mathematical equivalence problems with feedback about correctness. Participants in the experimental conditions received perceptual support (i.e., highlighting in red ink) for accurately encoding the equal sign, the right side of the equation, or the numbers that could be added to obtain the correct solution. Following this intervention, participants completed a problem‐solving post‐test. Among participants who solved the problems incorrectly at pre‐test, those who received perceptual support for correctly encoding the equal sign were more likely to generate new, correct strategies for solving the problems than were those who received feedback only. Thus, perceptual support for accurate encoding of a key problem feature promoted generation of new, correct strategies.
Statement of Contribution

What is already known on this subject?

With age and experience, children shift to using more effective strategies for solving math problems.

Problem encoding also improves with age and experience.

What the present study adds?

Support for encoding the equal sign led children to generate correct strategies for solving equations.

Improvements in problem encoding are one source of new strategies.
Scaffolding under the microscope: Applying self‐regulation and other‐regulation perspectives to a scaffolded task
Authors: Leith Georgia , Yuill Nicola , Pike Alison 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundTypical scaffolding coding schemes provide overall scores to compare across a sample. As such, insights into the scaffolding process can be obscured: the child's contribution to the learning; the particular skills being taught and learned; and the overall changes in amount of scaffolding over the course of the task.AimsThis study applies a transition of regulation framework to scaffolding coding, using a self‐regulation and other‐regulation coding scheme, to explore how rich and detailed data on mother–child dyadic interactions fit alongside collapsed sample‐level scores.SampleData of 78 mother–child dyads (M age = 9 years 10 months) from the Sisters and Brothers Study (SIBS: Pike et al., 2006, Family relationships in middle childhood. National Children's Bureau/Joseph Rowntree Foundation) were used for this analysis.MethodsVideos of the mother and child completing a multiple‐trial block design puzzle task at home were coded for their different self‐ and other‐regulation skills at the end of every block design trial.ResultsThese constructs were examined at a sample level, providing general findings about typical patterns of self‐regulation and other‐regulation. Seven exemplar families at different ends of the spectrum were then extracted for fine‐grained examination, showing substantial trial‐ and behaviour‐related differences between seemingly similarly scoring families.ConclusionThis coding scheme demonstrated the value of exploring perspectives of a mother–child tutoring task aligned to the concept of other‐regulation, and investigating detailed features of the interaction that go undetected in existing scaffolding coding schemes.
Relatives or rentals? Secondary suites through a multigenerational family lens
Authors: Goodbrand Pernille , Humphrey Tamara , Gondek Jyoti 
Published: August 2017

Key MessagesEmpirical evidence indicates that secondary suites are significant for multigenerational families, as well as for traditional rental units.Definitions of family housing must adapt to the new variations of families that are often blended, intergenerational, and/or assemblies of friends.Rezoning of parcels to allow secondary suites is not merely about planning principles; it is also about the social relationships of the people utilizing the suites.
miR‐125b‐1 and miR‐378a are predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of vaccine treatment against colorectal cancer
Authors: Tanaka Hironori , Hazama Shoichi , Iida Michihisa , Tsunedomi Ryouichi , Takenouchi Hiroko , Nakajima Masao , Tokumitsu Yukio , Kanekiyo Shinsuke , Shindo Yoshitaro , Tomochika Shinobu , Tokuhisa Yoshihiro , Sakamoto Kazuhiko , Suzuki Nobuaki , Takeda Shigeru , Yamamoto Shigeru , Yoshino Shigefumi , Ueno Tomio , Hamamoto Yoshihiko , Fujita Yusuke , Tanaka Hiroaki , Tahara Ko , Shimizu Ryoichi , Okuno Kiyotaka , Fujita Koji , Kuroda Masahiko , Nakamura Yusuke , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: August 2017

Many clinical trials of peptide vaccines have been conducted. However, these vaccines have provided clinical benefits in only a small fraction of patients. The purpose of the present study was to explore microRNAs (miRNAs) as novel predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of vaccine treatment against colorectal cancer. First, we carried out microarray analysis of pretreatment cancer tissues in a phase I study, in which peptide vaccines alone were given. Candidate miRNAs were selected by comparison of the better prognosis group with the poorer prognosis group. Next, we conducted microarray analysis of cancer tissues in a phase II study, in which peptide vaccines combined with chemotherapy were given. Candidate miRNAs were further selected by a similar comparison of prognosis. Subsequently, we carried out reverse‐transcription PCR analysis of phase II cases, separating cancer tissues into cancer cells and stromal tissue using laser capture microdissection. Treatment effect in relation to overall survival (OS) and miRNA expression was analyzed. Three miRNA predictors were negatively associated with OS: miR‐125b‐1 in cancer cells (P = 0.040), and miR‐378a in both cancer cells (P = 0.009) and stromal cells (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that expression of miR‐378a in stromal cells was the best among the three predictors (HR, 2.730; 95% CI, 1.027–7.585; P = 0.044). In conclusion, miR‐125b‐1 and miR‐378a expression might be considered as novel biomarkers to predict the efficacy of vaccine treatment against colorectal cancer.
Assessment of the effectiveness of platelet rich fibrin in the treatment of Schneiderian membrane perforation
Authors: Öncü Elif , Kaymaz Esin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) treatment of maxillary sinus membrane perforation on bone formation and new vascular supply and the success of dental implant survival rate.MethodsThe dataset for this retrospective study consists of patients who received sinus augmentation using the lateral wall technique. A total of 16 patients (20 sinuses) the patients without sinus membrane perforation (10 maxiller sinus area with sinus floor augmentation) and with Schneiderian perforation (10 maxiller sinus area repairing with PRF and augmented sinus floor area) were included in this study. The bone height was measured by comparing the preoperative and postoperative dental CBCT scans. Histological sections were evaluated for possible vasculogenesis augmented sinuses area.ResultsIn both groups, it was observed that the possible vasculogenesis augmented sinuses area increased. Implant survival rates in both groups found that one hundred percent and any bone loss around implants were not observed. An apparent increase in alveolar bone height was observed and measured in CBCT scans.ConclusionsPRF can be considered as an alternative material for repairing sinus perforations because it is fully autogenous and easy manipulated.
Exceptional responders in conservation
Authors: Post Gerald , Geldmann Jonas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConservation operates within complex systems with incomplete knowledge of the system and the interventions utilized. This frequently results in the inability to find generally applicable methods to alleviate threats to Earth's vanishing wildlife. One approach used in medicine and the social sciences has been to develop a deeper understanding of positive outliers. Where such outliers share similar characteristics, they may be considered exceptional responders. We devised a 4‐step framework for identifying exceptional responders in conservation: identification of the study system, identification of the response structure, identification of the threshold for exceptionalism, and identification of commonalities among outliers. Evaluation of exceptional responders provides additional information that is often ignored in randomized controlled trials and before–after control‐intervention experiments. Interrogating the contextual factors that contribute to an exceptional outcome allow exceptional responders to become valuable pieces of information leading to unexpected discoveries and novel hypotheses.
Detection and classification of sleep apnea using genetic algorithms and SVM‐based classification of thoracic respiratory effort and oximetric signal features
Authors: Abedi Zahra , Naghavi Nadia , Rezaeitalab Fariborz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSleep apnea is a relatively prevalent breathing disorder characterized by temporary interruptions in airflow during sleep. There are 2 major types of sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when air cannot flow through the upper airway despite efforts to breathe. Central sleep apnea occurs when the brain fails to signal to the muscles to maintain breathing. The standard diagnostic test is polysomnography, which is expensive and time consuming. The aim of this study was to design an automatic diagnostic and classifying algorithm for sleep apneas employing thoracic respiratory effort and oximetric signals. This algorithm was trained and tested applying a database of 54 subjects who had undergone polysomnography. A feature extraction stage was conducted to compute features. An optimal genetic algorithm was applied to select optimal features of these 2 kinds of signals. The classification technique was based on the support vector machine classifier to classify the selected features in 3 classes as healthy, obstructive, and central sleep apnea events. The results show that our automated classification algorithm can diagnose sleep apnea and its types with an average accuracy level of 90.2% (87.5‐95.8) in the test set and 90.9% in the validation set with high acceptable accuracy.
Harnessing civil society's knowledge for development policy: Potential and challenges for the Republic of Yemen
Authors: Lussier Kattie , Fakher Mohammed 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis exploratory case study investigated Yemeni civil society actors’ actual and potential contribution to policy‐making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, in the sectors prioritized in Yemen's national development strategy. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in Sana'a between January and July 2015 with policy‐makers, researchers from academic institutions and civil society organizations. More specifically, this article discusses the role that YPRIs play in the public policy landscape of Yemen; the challenges they face in their interaction with policy‐makers; the opportunities they represent for policy actors in Yemen; and the factors enabling and limiting their influence, communication, inclusiveness and capacity. The authors conclude by contextualizing their findings within the ongoing conflict and drawing lessons for post‐war policy‐making in Yemen.
Effects of parasites and pathogens on bee cognition
Authors: GÓMEZ‐MORACHO TAMARA , HEEB PHILIPP , LIHOREAU MATHIEU 
Published: August 2017

1. Bees are key pollinators and their widespread decline has raised considerable concerns regarding the sustainability of ecosystems and food production. Many environmental stressors do not directly kill bees, but they alter their physiology and behaviour, ultimately impacting colonies and populations.2. This review considers the impact of parasites and pathogens on bee cognition.3. First the main parasites and pathogens of bees are described, as well as how they modify the foraging behaviour, learning and memory of their hosts.4. Next, the various defence mechanisms developed by bees to mitigate these effects at both the individual and collective levels are examined.5. Finally, there is a discussion on how integrating research on host parasites, animal behaviour and cognition will provide a more detailed assessment of the contribution of parasites and pathogens to declines in the bee population and help to inform constructive ecological interventions.
Pathogen and immune dynamics during maturation are explained by Bateman's Principle
Authors: MILLER CHARLOTTE V. L. , COTTER SHEENA C. 
Published: August 2017

1. Bateman's principle, stating that female fitness is maximised by increasing longevity, suggests females are likely to exhibit a stronger immune response than males. Applying these ideas to maturation, it is predicted that immature beetles will also show enhanced immunity. This study looks at how life‐history strategies interplay with infection responses in a well‐established immunological model, the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides (Herbst (Silphidae)), and a pathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus luminescens (Thomas and Poinar (Enterobacteriaceae)).2. To test this, the immune enzyme phenoloxidase (PO) and bacterial loads in sexually mature and immature beetles were tested over time after injection with P. luminescens, and survival was monitored. Breeding after infection was also tested.3. Bacterial loads were lower in females than males, and clearance seems more prolonged in immature than mature beetles, and both these groups showed increased survival, supporting the application of Bateman's principle to the effects of maturation and sex on immunity.4. Mature beetles were found to undergo a shorter period of PO suppression after injection with bacteria. However, while high PO was beneficial up to 20 h post‐infection, it became detrimental after that. This temporal factor has rarely been investigated but is shown here to be influential on the interpretation of PO activity, which is generally perceived as beneficial after infection.5. A trade‐off between reproduction and immunity was also found, revealed only by a highly pathogenic infection. This contrasts with the effects found in studies using non‐pathogenic bacteria, suggesting an enforced, resource‐based trade‐off is the driving force behind the change, rather than an adaptive strategy.
Preliminary study of higher‐order language and extralinguistic impairments in individuals with high clinical risk of psychosis and first episode of schizophrenia
Authors: Pawełczyk Agnieszka , Kotlicka‐Antczak Magdalena , Łojek Emila , Pawełczyk Tomasz 
Published: August 2017

AimHigher‐order language functions are associated with understanding indirect speech acts, lexical‐semantic processes, the understanding and production of prosody, discourse production and comprehension. Only a few studies imply that language abnormalities may be present in individuals at ultra‐high risk for psychosis (UHR) and first‐episode of schizophrenia (FE). The purpose of this study was to test the presence of higher‐order language dysfunctions in UHR and FE subjects using a standardized comprehensive test battery.MethodsTwenty patients experiencing FE schizophrenia, 33 UHR individuals and 20 healthy controls (HC) took part in the study. Higher‐order language and extralinguistic abilities were evaluated using the Right Hemisphere Language Battery (RHLB‐PL). The battery consisted of tests covering the comprehension of implicit information, lexico‐semantic processing, understanding humour, making inappropriate remarks and comments, understanding and explaining metaphors, understanding prosody and appropriateness of behaviour in communication settings.ResultsThe UHR patients scored lower than HC when comprehending implicit information, discourse and in areas associated with the effectiveness of interpersonal communication; however, they scored higher than the FE participants in explanation of metaphors and processing language information in the context of general knowledge. The FE participants scored lower than healthy controls in comprehension of implicit information, explanation of metaphors, discourse understanding, processing language information in the context of general knowledge and effectiveness of interpersonal communication.ConclusionsThe higher‐order language dysfunctions mediated by the right hemisphere appear to be present in subjects at UHR of schizophrenia and those experiencing their FE. The results may play a crucial role in diagnostic processes.
Thymic hyperplasia causing right ventricular outflow tract compression following treatment for oesophageal rupture in an Arabian colt
Authors: Smith H. L. , Underwood C. , Schaffer‐White A. , van Eps A. W. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryTrue thymic hyperplasia has been reported sporadically in the human literature as an immunological rebound phenomenon following immunosuppressive treatment or disease. There are limited accounts in domestic species, mainly following vaccination, and thymic hyperplasia has not been a recognised condition in the horse to date. This report details a case of true thymic hyperplasia in a 10‐week‐old Arabian colt diagnosed by histopathology of core biopsy samples. The colt developed pulmonary stenosis caused by compression due to a space occupying lesion in the cranial mediastinum following a 3‐month history of hospitalisation for treatment of traumatic oesophageal rupture with perioesophageal abscess formation. Diagnostic imaging of the cranial mediastinum was indicative of a thymic mass, and histopathology confirmed the mass was normal (hyperplastic) thymic tissue. The colt was treated with a tapering dose of corticosteroids, which led to involution of the hyperplastic tissue and resolution of pulmonary artery compression. Thymic hyperplasia may be an unrecognised sequela to chronic inflammation in horses and was only identified in this case when the size was sufficient to compress right cardiac outflow.