bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Bacopa monnieri (L.)
Authors: Basak Amitabh , Hossain Md. Lokman , Parvin Most. Nazma 
Published: September 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <em>Bacopa monnieri</em> (L.) locally called Brahmi of Scrophulariaceae family has a long history for numerous therapeutic purposes like memory enhancing, antianxiety and antiepileptic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate phytochemical screening, antibacterial, cytotoxic, analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of <em>B. monnieri</em>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was carried out to determine cytotoxic potential. Acetic acid induced writhing method was employed for the assessment of analgesic activity of <em>B. monnieri</em> extracts. The neuropharmacological activity was determined by hole cross, open field and thiopental sodium induced sleeping time test using Swiss Albino mice as experimental animal.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Phytochemical screening revealed that <em>n-</em>hexane, dichloromethame and methanolic extracts contained reducing sugar, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. The sample showed comparable antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. In analgesic activity test, methanol soluble extract showed highest activity compared to standard drug, Diclofenac sodium. The neuropharmacological activity of three extracts showed moderate activity as compared with standard drug, Diazepam and Thiopental sodium.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our exploration suggests that <em>B. monnieri</em> contains bioactive compounds and it should be studied further for isolation and purification of such novel compounds.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Effects of ethanolic extracts of Datura metel on blood lipid profile of male albino rats
Authors: Arowora Kayode A. , Imo Chinedu , Ezeonu Chukwuma S. , Muhammad Zuhairah I. 
Published: September 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> This study was carried out to investigate the effects of <em>Datura metel (</em>leaf, seed and fruit<em>)</em> on blood lipid profile of male albino rats.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty-five albino rats (8 weeks old) weighing between 66g and 84g were purchased and randomly allotted into 7 groups. The normal control (group 1) received normal saline, while groups 2 to 7 received extracts of <em>Datura metel</em> at low (300 mg/kg body weight) and high doses (600 mg/kg body weight). The extracts were administered orally for seven consecutive days, while the animals were sacrificed on the 8th day; blood samples were collected, allowed to stand for fifteen minutes and then centrifuged. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There was a general decreasing trend in the mean values of low density lipoprotein levels across the groups, however, group 7 (with lowest value) was found to be significantly lower (p &lt;0.05) than other groups when compared with the normal control. Also, there was a general decreasing trend in the values of high density lipoprotein compared with normal control group, however lowest value was recorded to be 1.35±0.06 mmol/l for group 5. There were no significant differences (p &gt;0.05) in triglyceride levels across the groups, while total cholesterol in groups 5 and 6 had significant differences with values of 2.05±0.06 mmol/l and 2.13±0.10 mmol/l respectively when compared with the normal control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study suggests that ethanolic extracts of<em> Datura metel </em>have active ingredients that are capable of improving blood lipid profile and this might be useful in the management of cardiovascular diseases. </p>
Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in school children aged 6-16 years in Taoru Tehsil of South Haryana
Authors: Roy Rahul , Gupta Aparna , Chaudhry Monica 
Published: September 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sufficient data on occurrence of ocular morbidities associated with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) amongst school children was not available. Hence this study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of clinical forms of vitamin A deficit among the primary school children in relation to socio-economical status and BMI associated risks related to VAD.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A randomized sampling study was designed among school children of 6-16 years of age after taking consent form from principal and teachers of different schools in Taoru Tehsil of South Haryana. A predesigned performa was used to collect the information. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 300 school children were examined for VAD, out of which 157 (52.3%) were boys and 143 (47.7%) were girls. Among the school children 53 (13.7%) students were under the age group of 6-11 years and 247 (86.3%) students were 12-16 years. Prevalence of VAD was observed in17 (5.7%) students, among them1 (0.3%) was associated with night blindness, 1(0.3%) conjunctival xerosis and 14 (5%) with bitots spot. Among 17 VAD suspects 13 (76.5%) were girls and 4 (23.5%) were boys. According to modified Kuppuswamy scale of Socio-economic status 48 (16%) students belongs to class III, 229 (76.33%) students from class IV and 23 (7.66%) students from class V. Out of 17 VAD suspects 2 (11.76%) belongs to class III, 14 (82.35%) belongs to class IV and 1 (5.88%) belongs to class V. Out of 17 VAD suspects all 17 (100%) were underweight.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>Socio-economic status and BMI index were closely associated with VAD. Prevention, early recognition, prompt treatment of ocular diseases by regular screening of students and nutritional education in schools would definitely decreases the risk of ocular abnormalities.<p> </p>
Hoarseness of voice – an institutional study
Authors: Munjal Manish , Ghera Bindia 
Published: September 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hoarseness is one of the earliest signal of local and systemic disease. It should be emphasized that hoarseness is not a disease in itself but a symptom of disease or disturbance of larynx or laryngeal innervation. The aim of the study was to analyse various causes and conditions associated with hoarseness of voice.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We studied 150 patients in a prospective randomised study with inclusion criteria of hoarseness of voice, attending otolaryngology outpatient department of Dayanand medical college and hospital, Ludhiana, irrespective of their age, sex and duration of disease. No exclusion criteria were applied. All the routine investigations like Hb, BT, CT, TLC, DLC, urine-for albumin and sugar were carried out in all patients. X-ray chest- PA view and X-Ray soft tissue neck- AP and lateral view were done when required. Larynx was examined by flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy followed by biopsy if suspicious looking area was seen. 4% lignocaine spray was used orally and nasally to provide local anaesthesia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the present study of 150 cases 87 were males and 63 were females with M:F ratio of 1.4:1 and age ranged from 10–90 years with majority of cases in 4th and 6th decade of their life. All patients had history of hoarseness of voice with most of patients having duration of disease between one month to one year. On flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy 27% of cases showed normal study, vocal nodule was most common, seen in 20% of cases, 10% showed vocal cord palsy and 10% had laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Bilateral lesion (72.6%) predominated overall, with left sided (15.2%) of larynx affected more as compared to right side (12%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy is an effective alternative for diagnosis of laryngeal lesions and various causes of hoarseness of voice. Vocal nodule has been found as the commonest cause of hoarseness of voice followed by vocal cord palsy and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. </p>
Comparison of outcomes of palisade cartilage with temporalis fascia following tympanoplasty at a tertiary care centre in Nepal
Authors: Jaiswal Rahul K. , Chettri Shyam Thapa , Shah Shankar P. , Karki Smriti , Sah Bajarang P. , Paudel Deepak 
Published: September 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Mucosal type of chronic otitis media is a common disease worldwide with 5.2% prevalence in Nepal. Cartilage material is criticized in terms of hearing results due to its thickness. The objective of this study was to compare graft uptake and post-operative hearing of palisade cartilage with temporalis fascia following tympanoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective randomized study conducted over 12 months included subjects of chronic otitis media mucosal inactive having dry ear for at least 4 weeks. 76 subjects were enrolled and reviewed on 6<sup>th</sup> post-operative day, 6<sup>th</sup> and 12<sup>th</sup> post-operative week. The graft uptake and post-operative hearing were evaluated. The results were compared within and between the groups. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The graft uptake on 42<sup>nd</sup> and 90<sup>th </sup>post-operative days were comparable with no statistical difference. The difference of mean pre-operative, 42<sup>nd </sup>and 90<sup>th</sup> post-operative air bone gaps in palisade cartilage and temporalis fascia were also comparable. The results were statistically significant, showing improvement in hearing after surgery. Closure of air-bone gap within 30 dB was achieved in 71.87% in temporalis fascia and 88.89% in palisade cartilage. The intergroup difference was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The graft uptake rates and hearing results after palisade cartilage are similar to temporalis fascia.</p>
Monitoring of adult aquatic insect activities and ecological role in the riparian zone of streams in the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Kubendran T. , Ramesh M. 
Published: September 2016

<div><p><em>The Western Ghats, running parallel to the west coast of India between 8° N and 21° N is a prominent feature of the peninsular India. In freshwater biodiversity hotspots like the Western Ghats, no information is available on activates and ecological role of adult aquatic insect in the riparian zone of streams.</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Most adult aquatic insects that emerge from streams live briefly in the nearby riparian zone. Adult activities, such as mating dispersal and feeding influence their distribution in the terrestrial habitat. An observation at Kurangani streams, Western Ghats, India has shown that both numbers and biomass of adult aquatic insects are greatest in the near stream vegetation; however, adult insects can be relatively common 1 to 10 feet from the stream. Why because, adult aquatic insects are abundant and they are primary food resource for many riparian insectivores. The role of adult aquatic insects in the riparian zone must be better understood for riparian and aquatic food chain to be complete. </em></p></div>
Mindfulness and Psychology Based Self–help Mobile Application: A Promising New Approach in Reducing Work Stress and Anxiety
Authors: Duraimani Shanthi Lakshmi 
Published: September 2016

<div><p><em>Nearly one–third of the working populations in most developed countries report high or extreme levels of negative stress. Over the last decade, the escalating costs associated with workplace stress indicate an international trend among industrialized nations. Stress is considered as one of the root causes for many psychological disorders. Anxiety is one of the common disorders that can rise due to negative stress. Consulting health professionals to overcome mental health problem is time-consuming, expensive, and may affect the privacy for many people. To overcome these limitations, we are presenting a model for a self-help mobile app program that can be a powerful, cost–effective, personalized, and convenient tool to overcome mild to moderate stress and anxiety. Mindfulness Meditation is a scientifically proven and standardized technique for many mental health problems. Many professionals have developed Mindfulness-based mobile applications. However, they do not address the core root causes of the mental health problem as the conventional psychological therapy does. Therefore, the proposed self-help mobile app merges mainstream psychological process and mindfulness in reducing minor to moderate stress, and anxiety.</em></p></div>
Student-Centric Approach to Field Work in Social Work Education
Authors: Dhengle Anjali 
Published: September 2016

<div><p><em>The paper is discussing about philosophy of field work and its relevance in social work education. The paper covers the three main components of field work, namely the field work agency, students of social work and supervisors. The researcher is identifying students as the main component and emphasizing on student-centric approach to field work. This approach would facilitate students to play an active role and gain maximum from the learning from fields. This would also help in resolving many dilemmas and difficulties faced by the students. The other main players like the Institute supervisors and the field work agencies need to be sensitive towards this and adopt the student-centric approach, while guiding them on fields. The researcher further discusses the aspects important in adopting student-centric field work during the course of social work education. </em></p></div>
A Documentação Pedagógica como instrumento de formação profissional
Authors: Marques Amanda Cristina Teagno Lopes , Almeida Maria Isabel de 
Published: September 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo explicitar a contribuição da prática do registro e da documentação pedagógica nos processos de formação contínua em serviço de professores, com base em estudo de caso realizado em uma escola municipal de educação infantil de São Paulo. Partimos do conceito de documentação pedagógica como atividade de recuperação, escuta e reelaboração da experiência por meio da narração de um percurso e da explicitação de pressupostos das escolhas realizadas. Como resultados, apontamos para a historicidade das práticas de registro e documentação construídas pelo coletivo institucional em sua interação com os desafios concretamente vivenciados pelos sujeitos. O registro e a documentação pedagógica possibilitam a construção de memória e autoria, a reflexão sobre as práticas, a comunicação e a aproximação às famílias, favorecendo os processos formativos. Palavras-chave: registro de práticas – documentação pedagógica – formação contínua – formação em serviço – desenvolvimento profissional.
Historia de la Infancia observada desde los ejes del Juego, Juguete y Desigualdad
Authors: Castillo-Gallardo Patricia 
Published: September 2016

La existencia o no de la infancia así como su relevancia en la historia es una cuestión que depende de las categorías que se utilicen para definir esa experiencia como objeto particular de estudio. Revisaremos arqueológicamente la historia de la infancia en Occidente, poniendo el acento fundamentalmente en tres cuestiones: 1) las representaciones de la infancia de la Antigüedad, la Edad Media, la Modernidad y la época contemporánea, descritas por los historiadores, 2) los aspectos de esta historia que nos evidencian un hacer con la diferenciación social entre los niños según estatus, casta o clase, 3) el rescate de las prácticas parentales y sociales dirigidas a la infancia a través de la historia del juego y el juguete en cada tiempo histórico. Como conclusión se reflexionará respecto a las transformaciones en los contenidos que el mundo adulto propone a los niños para su subjetivación en cada periodo histórico.
Effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on tiletamine hydrochloride–zolazepam hydrochloride anesthesia in alpacas
Authors: Seddighi Reza , Odoi Agricola , Doherty Thomas J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of IM administration of a tiletamine hydrochloride–zolazepam hydrochloride (TZ) combination with either dexmedetomidine hydrochloride or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS) on the motor response to claw clamping, selected cardiorespiratory variables, and quality of recovery from anesthesia in alpacas.
ANIMALS 5 adult sexually intact male alpacas.
PROCEDURES Each alpaca was given the TZ combination (2 mg/kg) with dexmedetomidine (5 [D5], 10 [D10], 15 [D15], or 20 [D20] µg/kg) or SS IM at 1-week intervals (5 experiments); motor response to claw clamping was assessed, and characteristics of anesthesia, recovery from anesthesia, and selected cardiorespiratory variables were recorded.
RESULTS Mean ± SEM duration of lack of motor response to claw clamping was longest when alpacas received treatments D15 (30.9 ± 5.9 minutes) and D20 (40.8 ± 5.9 minutes). Duration of lateral recumbency was significantly longer with dexmedetomidine administration. The longest time (81.3 ± 10.4 minutes) to standing was observed when alpacas received treatment D20. Following treatment SS, 4 alpacas moved in response to claw clamping at the 5-minute time point. Heart rate decreased from pretreatment values in all alpacas when dexmedetomidine was administered. Treatments D10, D15, and D20 decreased Pao2, compared with treatment SS, during the first 15 minutes. During recovery, muscle stiffness and multiple efforts to regain a sternal position were observed in 3 SS-treated and 1 D5-treated alpacas; all other recoveries were graded as excellent.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In TZ-anesthetized alpacas, dexmedetomidine (10, 15, and 20 µg/kg) administered IM increased the duration of lack of motor response to claw clamping, compared with the effect of SS.
In vitro biomechanical evaluation of four surgical techniques for fusion of equine centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints
Authors: Biedrzycki Adam H. , Grant Barrie G. , Nemke Brett , Morello Samantha L. , Markel Mark D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the biomechanical properties of 4 methods for fusion of the centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints in horses and compare them among each other and with control tarsi.
SAMPLE 24 sets of paired tarsi without substantial signs of osteoarthritis harvested from equine cadavers.
PROCEDURES Test constructs (n = 6/type) were prepared from 1 tarsus from each pair to represent surgical drilling; 2 medially to laterally placed kerf-cut cylinders (MLKCs); a single large, dorsally applied kerf-cut cylinder (DKC); and a dorsomedially applied locking compression plate (DMLCP). Constructs and their contralateral control tarsi were evaluated in 4-point bending in the dorsoplantar, lateromedial, and mediolateral directions; internal and external rotation; and axial compression. Bending, torsional, and axial stiffness values were calculated.
RESULTS Mean stiffness values were consistently lower for surgical drilling constructs than for contralateral control tarsi. Over all biomechanical testing, surgical drilling significantly reduced joint stability. The MLKC constructs had superior biomechanical properties to those of control tarsi for 4-point bending but inferior properties for external and internal rotation. The DMLCP and DKC constructs were superior to control tarsi in dorsoplantar, rotational, and axial compression directions only; DMLCP constructs had no superior stiffness in lateromedial or mediolateral directions. Only the DKC constructs had greater stiffness in the mediolateral direction than did control tarsi. Over all biomechanical testing, DMLCP and DKC constructs were superior to the other constructs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These biomechanical results suggested that a surgical drilling approach to joint fusion may reduce tarsal stability in horses without clinical osteoarthritis, compared with stability with no intervention, whereas the DMLCP and DKC approaches may significantly enhance stability.
Serum cholecystokinin concentrations in dogs with naturally acquired pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Noh Sungjun , Kim Hye-Sun , Chang Jinhwa , Kang Ji-Houn , Chang Dongwoo , Yang Mhan-Pyo 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine serum cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) and to evaluate associations among CCK concentration, PDH, and gallbladder mucocele (GBM).
ANIMALS 14 client-owned dogs with PDH and 14 healthy dogs.
PROCEDURES Dogs were separated into 4 groups: healthy dogs without gallbladder sludge (group A; n = 7), healthy dogs with gallbladder sludge (group B; 7), dogs with PDH and gallbladder sludge (group C; 8), and dogs with PDH and GBM (group D; 6). Serum CCK concentrations were then measured before and 1, 2, and 4 hours after consumption of a high-fat meal. Concentrations in dogs with PDH were also measured before and after trilostane treatment. Results were compared among groups and assessment points.
RESULTS Preprandial serum CCK concentrations in group C were significantly lower than those in groups A, B, and D, but no significant differences in postprandial CCK concentrations were identified among the groups 1, 2, or 4 hours after the meal. With respect to trilostane treatment of dogs with PDH, no significant differences were identified between pre- and post-trilostane serum CCK concentrations in group C or D. Median CCK concentration after trilostane treatment was higher in group D than in group C, but this difference was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The outcomes in this study did not support the hypothesis that a low circulating CCK concentration affects the development of GBM in dogs with PDH.
Evaluation of the dynactin 1 gene in Leonbergers and Labrador Retrievers with laryngeal paralysis
Authors: Holt David E. , Brown Dorothy C. , Henthorn Paula S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To sequence exons and splice consensus sites of the dynactin subunit 1 (DCTN1) gene in Leonbergers and Labrador Retrievers with clinical laryngeal paralysis.
ANIMALS 5 unrelated Leonbergers with laryngeal paralysis, 2 clinically normal Leonbergers, 7 unrelated Labrador Retrievers with laryngeal paralysis, and 2 clinically normal Labrador Retrievers.
PROCEDURES Primers were designed for the entire coding regions of the DCTN1 gene, a noncoding exon at the 5´ end of the gene, and a 900-bp single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-rich region located 17 kb upstream of the DCTN1 gene by use of the CanFam3 assembly of the canine genome sequence. Sequences were generated and compared between clinically normal and affected dogs. The SNPs flanking the DCTN1 gene as well as a previously identified nonsynonymous SNP in exon 32 were genotyped in affected and clinically normal Leonbergers and Labrador Retrievers.
RESULTS None of the affected dogs were homozygous for any mutation affecting coding regions or splicing consensus sequences. Of the 16 dogs tested for the missense SNP in exon 32, all were homozygous for the reference allele, except for 2 affected and 1 clinically normal Labrador Retriever and 1 clinically normal Leonberger. The DCTN1 gene sequences (5 dogs) and haplotypes of polymorphic markers surrounding the DCTN1 gene (all dogs) were not consistent with the hypothesis that laryngeal paralysis was associated with inheritance of the same DCTN1 disease-causing allele within all Labrador Retrievers or Leonbergers evaluated.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mutations in the DCTN1 gene did not appear to cause laryngeal paralysis in Leonbergers or Labrador Retrievers.