bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy from primary tumour characteristics
Authors: Roberts Matthew J. , Papa Nathan , Veerman Hans , de Bie Katelijne , Morton Andrew , Franklin Anthony , Raveenthiran Sheliyan , Yaxley William J. , Donswijk Maarten L. , van der Poel Henk G. , Samaratunga Hemamali , Wong David , Brown Nicholas , Parkinson Robert , Gianduzzo Troy , Kua Boon , Coughlin Geoffrey D. , Oprea‐Lager Daniela E. , Emmett Louise , van Leeuwen Pim J. , Yaxley John W. , Vis André N. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo construct and externally calibrate a predictive model for early biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) incorporating clinical and modern imaging characteristics of the primary tumour.Patients and MethodsPatients who underwent RP following multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate biopsy and prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA‐PET/CT), from two centres in Australia and the Netherlands. The primary outcome was biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BRFS), where BCR was defined as a rising PSA level of ≥0.2 ng/mL or initiation of postoperative treatment per clinician discretion. Proportional hazards models to predict time to event were developed in the Australian sample using relevant pre‐ and post‐surgical parameters and primary tumour maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) on diagnostic PSMA‐PET/CT. Calibration was assessed in an external dataset from the Netherlands with the same inclusion criteria.ResultsData from 846 patients were used to develop the models. Tumour SUVmax was associated with worse predicted 3‐year BRFS for both pre‐ and post‐surgical models. SUVmax change from 4 to 16 lessened the predicted 3‐year BRFS from 66% to 42% for a patient aged 65 years with typical pre‐surgical parameters (PSA level 8 ng/mL, Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System score 4/5 and biopsy Gleason score ≥4 + 5). Considering post‐surgical variables, a patient with the same age and PSA level but pathological stage pT3a, RP Gleason score ≥4 + 5 and negative margins, SUVmax change from 4 to 16 lessened the predicted 3‐year BRFS from 76% to 61%. Calibration on an external sample (n = 464) showed reasonable performance; however, a tendency to overestimate survival in patients with good prognostic factors was observed.ConclusionTumour SUVmax on diagnostic PSMA‐PET/CT has utility additional to commonly recognised variables for prediction of BRFS after RP.
Unravelling tectonic and lithological effects on transient landscapes in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece
Authors: Zhou Ziqiang , Whittaker Alexander C. , Bell Rebecca E. , Hampson Gary J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLandscapes are the integrated product of external forcings (e.g. tectonics and climate) and intrinsic characteristics (e.g. bedrock erodibility). In principle, hard bedrock with low erodibility can steepen rivers in a similar way to tectonic uplift. A key challenge in geomorphic analysis is thus separating the tectonic and lithological effects on landscapes. To address this, we focus on multiple rivers that are transiently incising through contrasting lithologies in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, where tectonic history is broadly well constrained. We first exploit topographic metrics and river long profiles to demonstrate that landscapes are responding to both tectonics and lithology. In particular, the long profiles are divided into knickpoint‐bounded segments, and at this scale, channel steepness is shown to be more sensitive to lithology than the entire catchment, possibly due to relatively uniform erosion rate at the segment scale. We then use segment‐scale steepness variations between different lithologies to constrain their relative erodibilities (Klime:Kcong.:Ksand‐silt:Kp‐con sed. = 1:2:3:4), which are further converted into actual lithology‐dependent erodibilities by modelling a well‐constrained, ca. 700 ka knickpoint in the Vouraikos catchment. The effectiveness of lithology‐dependent erodibilities is supported by the observation that if lithology‐dependent erodibilities are used to calibrate studied river long profiles in χ distance, we obtain long profile concavities that fall within the theoretical range. Finally, we use lithology‐calibrated metrics to provide new geomorphic constraints on the timing and magnitude of tectonic perturbations in these catchments. These geomorphic results are interpreted in conjunction with previous onshore and offshore studies to shed new light on fault growth and linkage history in the Gulf of Corinth. Our study therefore provides a topographic analysis‐based approach to quantify lithological effects on transient catchments, with important implications for tectonic interpretations of topographic metrics in lithologically heterogenous landscapes.
Second opinion and self‐efficacy in German skin cancer patients
Authors: Stege Henner , Schneider Sara , Forschner Andrea , Eigentler Thomas , Nashan Dorothée , Huening Svea , Lehr Saskia , Meiss Frank , Kaatz Martin , Kuchen Robert , Kaehler Katharina C. , Haist Maximilian , Grabbe Stephan , Huebner Jutta , Loquai Carmen 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe global incidence of skin cancer has steadily increased in recent years. Accordingly, patients require information on diagnosis and treatment options while dealing with the perceived impact of the diagnosis. In 2015, the German government enacted legislation under the Social Code (SGB V, § 27b), granting patients the right to obtain a second medical opinion.Patients and MethodsUtilizing a standardized questionnaire, our study aims to explore whether patients diagnosed with skin cancer actively pursue a second medical opinion and to evaluate any potential disruptions to their daily lives. We collected a total of 714 completed questionnaires.ResultsThe majority of those seeking a second opinion were diagnosed with malignant melanoma (96, 58%). Primary motivations for seeking a second opinion included seeking reassurance regarding treatment decisions and obtaining further information. Additionally, seeking a second opinion was correlated with a significantly lower internal locus of control, indicating a belief that their actions are not solely determined by their own abilities. Notably, we observed a greater impairment of daily life among younger participants and those with advanced cancer.ConclusionsOverall, our study shows that second opinions often strengthened the patient‐physician interaction and provided additional reassurance, especially in patients with a weak perception of control. Moreover, we found that the impairment of quality of life and both internal and external locus of control decrease significantly in advanced tumor stages. Hence, it is imperative to identify additional interventions aimed at bolstering internal resilience and locus of control, thereby enhancing patients' capacity to cope with their cancer diagnosis.
Rethinking food aid for immigrants and refugees: Insights from Syracuse
Authors: Lee Seyeon , Lee Suyeon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMotivationFood security is a multidimensional issue, crucially underpinned by cultural acceptability, which significantly affects emotional well‐being and social integration. This study was motivated by the persistent challenge faced by refugee and immigrant communities in accessing culturally appropriate food, a critical aspect often overlooked by food assistance programmes. This gap both hinders nutritional intake and impedes the emotional and social well‐being of these vulnerable populations.PurposeThis study aimed to explore the alignment between the cultural dietary preferences of refugee and immigrant communities in Syracuse, New York, and the offerings of local food aid programmes, specifically focusing on culturally appropriate fresh produce. It sought to understand the extent to which food assistance meets the cultural needs of these communities, thereby informing potential improvements in food security practices and policy.Approach and MethodsUsing a mixed‐methods approach, the study collected quantitative and qualitative data. Surveys were conducted with 35 refugee and immigrant women to quantitatively assess the availability and suitability of culturally specific food items within local food bank programmes. In addition, qualitative insights were derived through focus group discussions with eight of these participants. This dual‐method approach allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of both perceived and actual gaps in service provision.FindingsThe findings highlighted a significant gap between the fresh produce provided by the food assistance programmes and the cultural dietary needs of the participants. Although these programmes provide essential nutrition, they often neglect to accommodate the cultural preferences of diverse communities. This emphasizes the urgent need for food aid initiatives to integrate cultural preferences, enhancing the acceptability of food aid and supporting the psychological adjustment of refugees and immigrants to new environments.Policy ImplicationsThis study underscored the need for policy‐makers and food assistance programmes to prioritize cultural appropriateness alongside nutritional adequacy. It recommended the adoption of more inclusive food distribution practices that recognize and respect the cultural diversity of beneficiaries. Such practices are crucial, not only for improving the nutritional and psychological outcomes of refugees and immigrants but also for fostering their integration and participation in the community. Establishing policies that encourage the inclusion of culturally diverse food options can significantly enhance the effectiveness of food security efforts.
Governance, institutions and human development: Rethinking government flagship projects and initiatives in Ghana
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed Gadafi , Ayelazuno Jasper Abembia , Ateng Mathias Awonnatey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMotivationThis study examines the intricate relationship between governance, institutions, and human development in the context of Ghana's flagship projects and initiatives; One Village, One Dam (1V1D) and Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ). The aim is to provide a better understanding of how government interventions based on development state theory can achieve sustainable economic growth and the well‐being of the people of Ghana.PurposeThe study seeks to understand the feasibility, challenges, and effectiveness of these projects in promoting food security, job creation, and skills development.Approach and MethodsA qualitative approach using a multiple case study design was used for the research. In‐depth interviews and focus group discussions with 64 purposively selected participants provided the data, which was subsequently subjected to content analysis.FindingsThe study finds that while certain aspects of the projects, such as well‐defined objectives and scope, worked well, problems relating to risk management and stakeholder engagement proved a hindrance. Additionally, although the projects were facilitated by a network of well‐organized governance structures and institutions, ineffective co‐ordination often led to delays and miscommunication. Nevertheless, the PFJ project was successful in promoting food security, job creation, and skills development for farmers.Policy ImplicationsThe study underscores the need for Ghana's policy‐makers to improve risk management and stakeholder engagement within such initiatives. The One Village, One Dam initiative needs to be reinvigorated through the adoption by policy‐makers of a culture of open dialogue, inclusivity, and adaptive governance.
Prolonged drought legacies influence the performance of foliar herbivores on legumes through shifts in plant–soil biotic interactions
Authors: Hassan Kamrul , Carrillo Yolima , Islam Tarikul , Nielsen Uffe N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrought may impact plant–soil biotic interactions in ways that modify aboveground herbivore performance, but the outcomes of such biotic interactions under future climate are not yet clear. We performed a growth chamber experiment to assess how long‐term, drought‐driven changes in belowground communities influence plant growth and herbivore performance using a plant–soil feedback experimental framework. We focussed on two common pasture legumes—lucerne, Medicago sativa L., and white clover, Trifolium repens L. (both Fabaceae)—and foliar herbivores—cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Soil was collected from a field facility where rainfall had been manipulated for 6 years, focussing on treatments representing ambient rainfall and prolonged drought (50% reduction relative to ambient), to consider the effects of biological legacies mediated by the prolonged drought. All soils were sterilized and re‐inoculated to establish the respective home (i.e. where a given plant is cultivated in its own soil) and away (i.e. where a given plant is cultivated in another species' soil) treatments in addition to a sterile control. We found that the relative growth rate (RGR) and relative consumption of larvae were significantly lower on lucerne grown in soil with ambient rainfall legacies conditioned by white clover. Conversely, the RGR of insect larvae was lower on white clover grown in soil with prolonged drought legacies conditioned by lucerne. Two‐spotted spider mite populations and area damage (mm2) were significantly reduced on white clover grown in lucerne‐conditioned soil in drought legacies. The higher number of nodules found on white clover in lucerne‐conditioned soil suggests that root–rhizobia associations may have reduced foliar herbivore performance. Our study provides evidence that foliar herbivores are affected by plant–soil biotic interactions and that prolonged drought may influence aboveground–belowground linkages with potential broader ecosystem impacts.
Chemical composition and toxic effects of an ethanolic extract of Senecio rudbeckiaefolius on Diatraea saccharalis larvae
Authors: Terán Paula M. , Merep Ana P. , García Degano Florencia , Gastaminza Gerardo , Lizarraga Emilio , Ajmat María T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), known as sugarcane borer, is the most damaging pest of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L., Poaceae) in northwestern Argentina and it causes significant losses in sugar and ethanol production. Currently, chemical and biological controls are used, along with host plant resistance, but there is a clear trend toward adoption of integrated pest management strategies. Considering the potential environmental and health risks associated with using agrochemicals, our study focuses on utilizing bioactive natural products, specifically plant secondary metabolites. Senecio rudbeckiaefolius Meyen & Walp (Asteraceae) is a perennial shrub found in southern Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina, valued for its use in traditional medicine. The main compounds of the genus Senecio are sesquiterpenes, with some species containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), known for their harmful effects on herbivorous insects and vertebrates. Plant extracts exhibit several modes of action, encompassing confusion, feeding deterrence, growth regulation, insecticidal, and repellent effects. Our goal was to analyze the chemical composition of an ethanolic extract (EE) of S. rudbeckiaefolius and evaluate its lethal and sublethal effects on D. saccharalis larvae. We also investigated the potential target sites affected by the ingestion of an alkaloidal fraction from the EE (AFEE) through a midgut histological study. The main secondary metabolites identified were the PAs and phenolic compounds, with the highest concentrations found in the flowers and leaves. The majority of the PAs identified were senecionine and integerrimine. Toxicity bioassays were carried out with larvae fed on a diet supplemented with an EE of S. rudbeckiaefolius. Concentration‐dependent mortality and a marked inhibition of larval growth were recorded. We described the midgut histological structure and compared it with that of AFEE‐fed larvae. Various morphological changes were observed in the intestinal epithelium, especially an increase in the number of goblet cells and pronounced acidophilic secretion in the lumen. These results suggest that the EE of S. rudbeckiaefolius could be promising for D. saccharalis control.
Building Relationships, Forming Collaborations: Lessons Learned From an Unconference Seeking to Cultivate Solutions in Healthcare
Authors: Leung Brenda M. Y. , Kelley Helen , Nikoleychuk Angie , Kirk Gabrielle , Shahrabi Fatemeh Salehi , Hecker Victoria , Schaaf Nolan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCalls for a ‘major rethinking’ of the delivery of healthcare services are echoed across Canada as the healthcare crisis continues. Proposed strategies to address the challenges of this crisis include: a transdisciplinary approach that is patient‐focused and community‐based; a representative team composed of patients, caregivers, healthcare providers, decision makers and policymakers; and authentic collaboration among stakeholder groups throughout the research cycle.ObjectiveThis study aimed to enable community members to take on a leading role in building capacity and to provide a space for discourse among diverse groups while respecting community wisdom, values and priorities.MethodsThe Collaborative Health Research Institute of Southern Alberta (CHRISA) organized a participant‐oriented Unconference event to address the factors contributing to the healthcare crisis in Alberta, Canada. An Unconference is a participant‐oriented meeting where the attendees nominate the topics, agree on the agenda and lead the sessions. This article describes the Unconference programme and presents the findings from a thematic analysis of the discussion notes from breakout sessions, feedback from participants (i.e., lessons learned) and pragmatic recommendations for future Unconference events.ResultsFindings from sessions included the following: (1) identifying the ‘wicked’ problems, (2) the factors/causes contributing to each problem (i.e., contributors) and (3) potential multifaceted solutions or ideas to remedy the problem. Lessons learned from the postevent evaluation resulted in six recommendations for organizing future Unconferences.ConclusionThe CHRISA Unconference achieved its goals by providing a venue for attendees to connect, engage and network on topics of interest, explore new ways of addressing challenges in healthcare and serve as a foundation for future initiatives and collaborations in healthcare research and practice.Patient or Public ContributionThe Unconference was attended by community members who identify as patients, frontline workers, programme administrators and representatives of public organizations and agencies. Participants contributed to breakout session discussions, provided feedback on the Unconference and offered recommendations for future events. The co‐authors are service users, people with lived experience or those work in the healthcare setting; they have been involved in data collection, analysis and interpretation, and contributed to this report.
Les causes de la persistance de l'emploi informel dans le travail domestique rémunéré en Argentine
Authors: PEREYRA Francisca , POBLETE Lorena 
Published: September 2024

RésuméL'informalité est une caractéristique historique du travail domestique rémunéré en Amérique latine. L'Argentine est un cas particulièrement intéressant à étudier, parce que le pays a profondément réformé son cadre réglementaire tout en mettant en place des mécanismes d'application novateurs. Les autrices utilisent une méthodologie quantitative‐qualitative pour analyser certaines des raisons qui pourraient expliquer l'apparente stagnation du taux d'emploi formel (qui a atteint un pic d'environ 25 pour cent ces dernières années) et le fait que les droits que garantit en théorie l'emploi formel soient toujours octroyés de façon discrétionnaire.
Responsibility Gaps and Technology: Old Wine in New Bottles?
Authors: Oimann Ann‐Katrien , Tollon Fabio 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTRecent work in philosophy of technology has come to bear on the question of responsibility gaps. Some authors argue that the increase in the autonomous capabilities of decision‐making systems makes it impossible to properly attribute responsibility for AI‐based outcomes. In this article we argue that one important, and often neglected, feature of recent debates on responsibility gaps is how this debate maps on to old debates in responsibility theory. More specifically, we suggest that one of the key questions that is still at issue is the significance of the reactive attitudes, and how these ought to feature in our theorizing about responsibility. We will therefore provide a new descriptive categorization of different perspectives with respect to responsibility gaps. Such reflection can provide analytical clarity about what is at stake between the various interlocutors in this debate. The main upshot of our account is the articulation of a way to frame this ‘new’ debate by drawing on the rich intellectual history of ‘old’ concepts. By regarding the question of responsibility gaps as being concerned with questions of metaphysical priority, we see that the problem of these gaps lies not in any advanced technology, but rather in how we think about responsibility.
Taxonomic, Functional and Phylogenetic Beta Diversity of Upland Forest Birds in the Amazon: The Relative Importance of Biogeographic Regions, Climate and Geographic Distance
Authors: Almeida Sara Miranda , Dambros Cristian , da Silva Duarte Leandro , Cerqueira Pablo , Juen Leandro , Santos Marcos Pérsio Dantas 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimWe address the relative importance of biogeographic regions (areas of endemism), regional climate and spatial factors on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic beta diversity of bird assemblages in upland terra‐firme forests in the Amazon.LocationAmazon biome.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe gathered 27,498 occurrence records of 873 bird species for 115 bird assemblages distributed in all nine biogeographic regions delimited by the major Amazonian rivers. Only data from studies surveying whole communities with standard sampling methods and exhaustive sampling effort were included. We partitioned the fractions of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic beta diversity explained by climate, biogeographic regions, spatial factors and the variation shared between them.ResultsAcross the entire Amazon, we found higher total taxonomic (0.68 ± 0.10) than phylogenetic (0.46 ± 0.08) β‐diversity, and low functional β‐diversity (0.34 ± 0.08). Biogeographic regions showed the highest unique contributions explaining taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐total (7% and 5%, respectively) and turnover components (7% of β‐jtu taxonomic, 7% of β‐jtu phylogenetic), but accounted for only 2% of total functional β‐diversity and trait turnover. Climatic variables explained slightly more trait nestedness (5%) compared with species and lineage turnover (3% each). Species composition was clearly distinct between biogeographical regions limited by the Amazon River, but support for the effect of other rivers was mixed.Main ConclusionsOur study highlights the significant influence of biogeographic regions and climate on species composition in the Amazon. However, our findings also suggest that the Amazon River exerts a more pronounced impact on species distribution compared with other major Amazonian rivers. Species turnover across biogeographical regions is particularly evident at the species level, with minor effects observed in functional traits, suggesting that taxonomic turnover is driven mainly by functionally redundant species. In addition, recent diversification events, occurring predominantly at the tips of the phylogeny without substantial turnover at deeper nodes, are likely responsible for the patchy distribution of species across Amazonia.