bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In ovo feeding of creatine pyruvate modulates growth performance, energy reserves and mRNA expression levels of gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis enzymes in liver of embryos and neonatal broilers
Authors: Zhao M. M. , Gong D. Q. , Gao T. , Zhang L. , Li J. L. , Lv P. A. , Yu L. L. , Gao F. , Zhou G. H. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) on the growth performance, energy reserves and mRNA expression levels of gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis enzymes in liver of late‐term embryos and neonatal broilers were investigated. After candling on 16 day of incubation, a total of 960 eggs were randomly assigned to three treatments: (i) non‐injected control, (ii) saline group injected with 0.6 ml of 0.75% physiological saline and (iii) Creatine pyruvate group injected with 0.6 ml of physiological saline containing 12 mg CrPyr/egg. After hatching, 120 male chicks with average body weight (BW) were randomly allocated into each treatment group for a 7‐day feeding trial. The results showed that broilers subjected to CrPyr treatment had higher BW than those of the control and saline groups on 1, 3 and 7 day post‐hatch, as well as the yolk sac weight on 19 day of incubation (19 E), the day of hatch and 3 day post‐hatch (p < .05). Compared with the control and saline groups, IOF of CrPyr increased the plasma creatine concentration on the day of hatch, and the plasma pyruvate concentration on the day of hatch and 3 day post‐hatch (p < .05). Moreover, IOF of CrPyr increased the liver pyruvate and glucose concentrations on 19 E and the day of hatch, and the liver glycogen concentration during the experiment (p < .05). Broilers in the CrPyr group showed increased mRNA expression levels of pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2) on 19 E and the day of hatch (p < .05). These results indicated that IOF of CrPyr increased energy reserves in liver of embryos and neonatal broilers possibly through upregulating the mRNA expression levels of PC, PEPCK and GYS2, which could benefit the increase of BW in broilers on 7 day post‐hatch.
Daily cannabis and reduced risk of steatosis in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus‐co‐infected patients (ANRS CO13‐HEPAVIH)
Authors: Nordmann S. , Vilotitch A. , Roux P. , Esterle L. , Spire B. , Marcellin F. , Salmon‐Ceron D. , Dabis F. , Chas J. , Rey D. , Wittkop L. , Sogni P. , Carrieri P. ,   ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Study Group
Published: October 2017

SummaryLiver steatosis is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐co‐infected patients. Some recent studies have found that cannabis use is negatively associated with insulin resistance in the general population and in HIV‐HCV‐co‐infected patients. Given the causal link between insulin resistance and steatosis, we hypothesized that cannabis use has a positive impact on steatosis. Therefore, we aimed to study whether cannabis use in this population was associated with a reduced risk of steatosis, measured by ultrasound examination. ANRS CO13‐HEPAVIH is a French nationwide multicentre cohort of HIV‐HCV‐co‐infected patients. Medical and socio‐behavioural data from clinical follow‐up visits and annual self‐administered questionnaires were prospectively collected. A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted using data from the first visit where both ultrasound examination data for steatosis (positive or negative diagnosis) and data on cannabis use were available. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between cannabis use and steatosis. Among study sample patients (n = 838), 40.1% had steatosis. Fourteen per cent reported daily cannabis use, 11.7% regular use and 74.7% no use or occasional use (“never or sometimes”). Daily cannabis use was independently associated with a reduced prevalence of steatosis (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.64 [0.42;0.99]; P = .046), after adjusting for body mass index, hazardous alcohol consumption and current or lifetime use of lamivudine/zidovudine. Daily cannabis use may be a protective factor against steatosis in HIV‐HCV‐co‐infected patients. These findings confirm the need for a clinical evaluation of cannabis‐based pharmacotherapies in this population. Eudract.ema.europa.eu number, DGS050367.
Shift from facilitative to neutral interactions by the cushion plant Silene acaulis along a primary succession gradient
Authors: Kjær Ulrikke , Olsen Siri Lie , Klanderud Kari 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe stress‐gradient hypothesis predicts a shift from facilitative to competitive plant interactions with decreasing abiotic stress. This has been supported by studies along elevation and temperature gradients, but also challenged by the hypothesis of a facilitation collapse at extremely harsh sites. Although facilitation is known to be important in primary succession, few studies have examined these hypotheses along primary succession gradients.AimTo examine whether there is a relationship between the presence of the circumpolar cushion plant Silene acaulis and other species, and if so, whether there is a shift between positive and negative interactions along a primary succession gradient in a glacier foreland.LocationFinse, southern Norway.MethodsWe examined the performance of the common alpine forb Bistorta vivipara, species richness of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens, and the number of seedlings and fertile vascular plants in S. acaulis cushions, and control plots without S. acaulis, along a succession gradient with increasing distance from a glacier front, and thus decreasing abiotic stress. To examine if S. acaulis cushions modify the abiotic environment, we recorded soil temperature, moisture, organic content and pH in cushions and control plots.ResultsBistorta vivipara performed better, as shown by bigger leaves in S. acaulis cushions compared to control plots in the harshest part of the gradient close to the glacier. There were few differences in B. vivipara performance between cushion and control plots in the more benign environment further away from the glacier. This suggests a shift from facilitative to mainly neutral interactions by S. acaulis on the performance of B. vivipara with decreasing abiotic stress. A trend, although not significant, of higher vascular species richness and fertility inside S. acaulis cushions along the whole gradient, suggests that S. acaulis also facilitates community‐level species richness. The causal mechanism of this facilitation is likely that the cushions buffer extreme temperatures.ConclusionsOur results support the stress‐gradient hypothesis for the relationship between the cushion plant S. acaulis and the performance of a single species along a primary succession gradient in a glacier foreland. S. acaulis also tended to increase vascular plant species richness and fertility regardless of stress level along the gradient, suggesting facilitation at the community level. We found no collapse of facilitation at the most stressful end of the gradient in this alpine glacier foreland.
Predicting post‐hepatectomy liver failure by combined volumetric, functional MR image and laboratory analysis
Authors: Chuang Yi‐Hsuan , Ou Hsin‐You , Lazo Marirose Z. , Chen Chao‐Long , Chen Meng‐Hsiang , Weng Ching‐Chun , Cheng Yu‐Fan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsTo assess the efficacy of functional MR image with volumetric, liver function test and indocyanine green clearance (ICG) in identifying the patients who are at risk of post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF).MethodsWe retrospectively included 115 patients undergoing gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MR imaging before hepatectomy at one medical centre from January 2013 to December 2015. Contrast enhancement ratio (CER) between transitional and hepatobiliary phases (3 and 30 minutes post‐contrast) was calculated. Total liver volume (TLV) and spleen volume (Sp) were measured. Post‐operatively, the histological Ishak fibrosis score was collected. Potential risk factors for liver failure were analysed, and the performance was examined by receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsPost‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) occurred in 16 patients (13.9%). TLV/SLV, ADC value, CERHBP/TP and total liver contrast enhancement ratio (tCER) were associated with PHLF (P < .05). Between PHLF and non‐PHLF groups, remnant liver volume (RLV), RLV/SLV, Sp/RLV, remnant liver contrast enhancement ratio (rCER) and Ishak fibrosis score showed statistical difference. rCER showed superiority in diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.78) with the optimal cut‐off value of 1.23.ConclusionsGadoxetic acid‐enhanced MR imaging with volumetric is a reliable method for evaluating functional liver volume and determining the risk of PHLF.
Urban landscapes can change virus gene flow and evolution in a fragmentation‐sensitive carnivore
Authors: Fountain‐Jones Nicholas M. , Craft Meggan E. , Funk W. Chris , Kozakiewicz Chris , Trumbo Daryl R. , Boydston Erin E. , Lyren Lisa M. , Crooks Kevin , Lee Justin S. , VandeWoude Sue , Carver Scott 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUrban expansion has widespread impacts on wildlife species globally, including the transmission and emergence of infectious diseases. However, there is almost no information about how urban landscapes shape transmission dynamics in wildlife. Using an innovative phylodynamic approach combining host and pathogen molecular data with landscape characteristics and host traits, we untangle the complex factors that drive transmission networks of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in bobcats (Lynx rufus). We found that the urban landscape played a significant role in shaping FIV transmission. Even though bobcats were often trapped within the urban matrix, FIV transmission events were more likely to occur in areas with more natural habitat elements. Urban fragmentation also resulted in lower rates of pathogen evolution, possibly owing to a narrower range of host genotypes in the fragmented area. Combined, our findings show that urban landscapes can have impacts on a pathogen and its evolution in a carnivore living in one of the most fragmented and urban systems in North America. The analytical approach used here can be broadly applied to other host–pathogen systems, including humans.
Effects of assortative mate choice on the genomic and morphological structure of a hybrid zone between two bird subspecies
Authors: Semenov Georgy A. , Scordato Elizabeth S. C. , Khaydarov David R. , Smith Chris C. R. , Kane Nolan C. , Safran Rebecca J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPhenotypic differentiation plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of reproductive barriers. In some cases, variation in a few key aspects of phenotype can promote and maintain divergence; hence, the identification of these traits and their associations with patterns of genomic divergence is crucial for understanding the patterns and processes of population differentiation. We studied hybridization between thealbaandpersonatasubspecies of the white wagtail (Motacilla alba), and quantified divergence and introgression of multiple morphological traits and 19,437SNPloci on a 3,000 km transect. Our goal was to identify traits that may contribute to reproductive barriers and to assess how variation in these traits corresponds to patterns of genome‐wide divergence. Variation in only one trait—head plumage patterning—was consistent with reproductive isolation. Transitions in head plumage were steep and occurred over otherwise morphologically and genetically homogeneous populations, whereas cline centres for other traits and genomic ancestry were displaced over 100 km from the head cline. Field observational data show that social pairs mated assortatively by head plumage, suggesting that these phenotypes are maintained by divergent mating preferences. In contrast, variation in all other traits and genetic markers could be explained by neutral diffusion, although weak ecological selection cannot be ruled out. Our results emphasize that assortative mating may maintain phenotypic differences independent of other processes shaping genome‐wide variation, consistent with other recent findings that raise questions about the relative importance of mate choice, ecological selection and selectively neutral processes for divergent evolution.
Hybrid asexuality as a primary postzygotic barrier between nascent species: On the interconnection between asexuality, hybridization and speciation
Authors: Janko Karel , Pačes Jan , Wilkinson‐Herbots Hilde , Costa Rui J. , Roslein Jan , Drozd Pavel , Iakovenko Nataliia , Rídl Jakub , Hroudová Miluše , Kočí Jan , Reifová Radka , Šlechtová Věra , Choleva Lukáš 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough sexual reproduction is ubiquitous throughout nature, the molecular machinery behind it has been repeatedly disrupted during evolution, leading to the emergence of asexual lineages in all eukaryotic phyla. Despite intensive research, little is known about what causes the switch from sexual reproduction to asexuality. Interspecific hybridization is one of the candidate explanations, but the reasons for the apparent association between hybridization and asexuality remain unclear. In this study, we combined cross‐breeding experiments with population genetic and phylogenomic approaches to reveal the history of speciation and asexuality evolution in European spined loaches (Cobitis). Contemporary species readily hybridize in hybrid zones, but produce infertile males and fertile but clonally reproducing females that cannot mediate introgressions. However, our analysis of exome data indicates that intensive gene flow between species has occurred in the past. Crossings among species with various genetic distances showed that, while distantly related species produced asexual females and sterile males, closely related species produce sexually reproducing hybrids of both sexes. Our results suggest that hybridization leads to sexual hybrids at the initial stages of speciation, but as the species diverge further, the gradual accumulation of reproductive incompatibilities between species could distort their gametogenesis towards asexuality. Interestingly, comparative analysis of published data revealed that hybrid asexuality generally evolves at lower genetic divergences than hybrid sterility or inviability. Given that hybrid asexuality effectively restricts gene flow, it may establish a primary reproductive barrier earlier during diversification than other “classical” forms of postzygotic incompatibilities. Hybrid asexuality may thus indirectly contribute to the speciation process.
A unique subphenotype of myasthenia gravis
Authors: Heckmann Jeannine M. , Nel Melissa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhile extraocular muscles (EOMs) are affected early in generalized myasthenia gravis (MG), and their treatment responsiveness is similar to nonocular muscles, we have identified an ophthalmoplegic (OP) subphenotype that remains resistant to treatment. This subphenotype of ophthalmoplegic MG (OP‐MG) most commonly affects acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive cases with juvenile‐onset MG and African genetic ancestry. However, a few OP‐MG cases have been found with MuSK antibodies and triple‐seronegative MG. In a proportion of OP‐MG cases, the EOM treatment resistance manifests from treatment initiation, while in others the EOMs may initially respond until a critical trigger, such as treatment interruption or crisis. The management of OP‐MG is an unmet need. Managing the visual disability may require a surgical or nonsurgical solution. The ideal case selection for surgery and the timing of surgery should be carefully considered. The pathogenesis of OP‐MG remains unknown. A genetic study, using extended whole‐exome sequencing and an “extreme” phenotype sample of OP‐MG versus control MG cases differing only by their EOM responsivity to therapy, discovered several potentially functional OP‐MG risk variants. These variants implicate myogenesis and gangliosphingolipid biosynthesis pathways at the EOM endplates in OP‐MG.
Mepolizumab—a novel option for the treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome in childhood
Authors: Schwarz Carsten , Müller Thilo , Lau Susanne , Parasher Kirn , Staab Doris , Wahn Ulrich 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundMepolizumab was originally intended as a therapeutic agent for atopic asthma in adults, and consequently, little is known about its use in children. Up to now, corticosteroids have formed the basis of the initial treatment of hypereosinophilic syndromes and are shown to be effective in most patients. To analyze the effect of mepolizumab in children is the aim of this study.MethodsWe are reporting the experience of the effect of mepolizumab in 2 pediatric patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome that was not sufficiently controlled by other drugs. In addition, the literature regarding the treatment with mepolizumab in pediatric and adult patients is reviewed for the most important studies regarding safety and efficacy.ResultsMepolizumab therapy showed in 2 pediatric patients with severe hypereosinophilic syndrome a safe and efficient therapeutic approach. No significant intolerances appeared. Furthermore, treatment with systemic corticosteroids was terminated, and therefore, severe side effects were avoided in our pediatric cases.ConclusionsAnti‐IL‐5 antibodies, which can be applied without substantial drug intolerances, are a new, safe, and effective treatment option for pediatric patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Physician's appraisal vs documented signs and symptoms in the interpretation of food challenge tests: The EuroPrevall birth cohort
Authors: Grabenhenrich Linus B. , Reich Andreas , McBride Doreen , Sprikkelman Aline , Roberts Graham , Grimshaw Kate E. C. , Fiocchi Alessandro G. , Saxoni‐Papageorgiou Photini , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Fiandor Ana , Quirce Santiago , Kowalski Marek L. , Sigurdardottir Sigurveig T. , Dubakiene Ruta , Hourihane Jonathan O. B. , Rosenfeld Leonard , Niggemann Bodo , Keil Thomas , Beyer Kirsten 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundBlinded food challenges are considered the current gold standard for the diagnosis of food allergies. We used data from a pan‐European multicenter project to assess differences between study centers, aiming to identify the impact of subjective aspects for the interpretation of oral food challenges.MethodsNine study centers of the EuroPrevall birth cohort study about food allergy recruited 12 049 newborns and followed them for up to 30 months in regular intervals. Intensive training was conducted and every center visited to ensure similar handling of the protocols. Suspected food allergy was clinically evaluated by double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenges using a nine dose escalation protocol. The primary challenge outcomes based on physician's appraisal were compared to documented signs and symptoms.ResultsOf 839 challenges conducted, study centers confirmed food allergy in 15.6% to 53.6% of locally conducted challenges. Centers reported 0 to 16 positive placebo challenges. Worsening of eczema was the most common sign when challenged with placebo. Agreement between documented objective signs and the challenge outcome assigned by the physician was heterogeneous, with Cohen's kappa spanning from 0.42 to 0.84.ConclusionsThese differences suggest that the comparison of food challenge outcomes between centers is difficult despite common protocols and training. We recommend detailed symptom assessment and documentation as well as objective sign‐based challenge outcome algorithms to assure accuracy and comparability of blinded food challenges. Training and supervision of staff conducting food challenges is a mandatory component of reliable outcome data.
Beyond rescue: Implementation and evaluation of revised naloxone training for law enforcement officers
Authors: Dahlem Chin Hwa (Gina) , King Lisa , Anderson Glynis , Marr Ashton , Waddell Jonathon Eric , Scalera Marci 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the implementation and evaluation of revised opioid overdose prevention and education of naloxone training for law enforcement officers (LEOs) that added: (1) a recovery testimony and (2) the process for deputy‐initiated referrals postnaloxone administration.Design and SampleEvaluation regarding the naloxone training included a pre‐ and postopioid overdose knowledge surveys (N = 114) and subsequent 1‐year postnaloxone training outcomes.ResultsPre‐ and posttest scores for all knowledge outcome measures were statistically significant (p < .001) with favorable comments pertaining to the recovery testimony. Out of 31 individuals who received naloxone, 6 individuals (19.4%) continue to be in treatment or received some treatment services. The most common symptoms reported were unconsciousness/unresponsiveness (40.5%), abnormal breathing patterns (24.3%), and blue lips (16.2%). The majority of the calls (65.6%) were to a residential area, and the time for naloxone revival ranged <1–10 min (M = 3.48; SD = 2.27).ConclusionAs nearly 20% of individuals sought treatment after a LEO‐initiated referral, it is recommended that other agencies consider the referral process into the training. Future research will investigate the impact of the recovery testimony in reducing the stigma of addiction.
Maternal Multivitamin Intake, Plasma Folate and Vitamin B12Levels and Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk in Offspring
Authors: Raghavan Ramkripa , Riley Anne W. , Volk Heather , Caruso Deanna , Hironaka Lynn , Sices Laura , Hong Xiumei , Wang Guoying , Ji Yuelong , Brucato Martha , Wahl Anastacia , Stivers Tom , Pearson Colleen , Zuckerman Barry , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Landa Rebecca , Fallin M. Daniele , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the prospective association between multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy and biomarker measures of maternal plasma folate and vitamin B12levels at birth and child's Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) risk.MethodsThis report included 1257 mother–child pairs, who were recruited at birth and prospectively followed through childhood at the Boston Medical Center.ASDwas defined from diagnostic codes in electronic medical records. Maternal multivitamin supplementation was assessed via questionnaire interview; maternal plasma folate and B12were measured from samples taken 2–3 days after birth.ResultsModerate (3–5 times/week) self‐reported supplementation during pregnancy was associated with decreased risk ofASD, consistent with previous findings. Using this as the reference group, low (≤2 times/week) and high (>5 times/week) supplementation was associated with increased risk ofASD. Very high levels of maternal plasma folate at birth (≥60.3 nmol/L) had 2.5 times increased risk ofASD[95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3, 4.6] compared to folate levels in the middle 80th percentile, after adjusting for covariates includingMTHFRgenotype. Similarly, very high B12(≥536.8 pmol/L) showed 2.5 times increased risk (95%CI1.4, 4.5).ConclusionThere was a ‘U shaped’ relationship between maternal multivitamin supplementation frequency andASDrisk. Extremely high maternal plasma folate and B12levels at birth were associated withASDrisk. This hypothesis‐generating study does not question the importance of consuming adequate folic acid and vitamin B12during pregnancy; rather, raises new questions about the impact of extremely elevated levels of plasma folate and B12exposure in‐utero on early brain development.
Editor's Introduction
Authors: Balfour Danny L. 
Published: October 2017

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