bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Universal Cementation Technique for Implant‐Supported Crowns with Subgingival Margins
Authors: Bhushan Prem , Aras Meena A. , Chitre Vidya , Mysore Ashwin R. , Daswani Sohil R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRestoration of implant crowns with subgingival margins has always been a challenge. If done precisely it leads to better treatment outcomes and prognosis. An incorrect technique and improper execution of the luting procedure are known to cause a high incidence of peri‐implant disease due to incomplete elimination of the luting agent. Deep subgingival abutment margins are difficult to recognize, and cement removal in these cases becomes complicated if the sulcus depth is greater than 3 mm. Irrespective of the type of instrument used to remove the excess cement, scratches on the abutment and some cement remnants are consistently noticed. Therefore elimination of excess luting agent before the prosthesis is inserted intraorally is considered an effective technique to prevent complications due to excess luting agent. This article presents a chairside universal technique for cementation of implant crowns on abutments with deep subgingival margins. This technique attempts to minimize the amount of excess cement in peri‐implant tissue.
Advance care planning in chronic kidney disease: A survey of current practice in Australia
Authors: Luckett Tim , Spencer Lucy , Morton Rachael L , Pollock Carol A , Lam Lawrence , Silvester William , Sellars Marcus , Detering Karen M , Butow Phyllis N , Tong Allison , Clayton Josephine M 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimAdvance care planning (ACP) in nephrology is widely advocated but not always implemented. The aims of this study were to describe current ACP practice and identify barriers/facilitators and perceived need for health professional education and chronic kidney disease (CKD)‐specific approaches.MethodsAn anonymous cross‐sectional survey was administered online. Nephrology health professionals in Australia and New Zealand were recruited via professional societies, email lists and nephrology conferences. Multiple regression explored the influence of respondents' attributes on extent of involvement in ACP and willingness to engage in future.ResultsA total of 375 respondents included nephrologists (23%), nurses (65%), social workers (4%) and others (8%) with 54% indicated that ACP at their workplace was performed ad hoc and 61% poorly. Perceived barriers included patient/family discomfort (84%), difficulty engaging families (83%), lack of clinician expertise (83%) and time (82%), health professional discomfort (72%), cultural/language barriers (65%), lack of private space (61%) and lack of formal policy/procedures (60%). Respondents overwhelmingly endorsed the need for more dialysis‐specific ACP programs (96%) and education (95%). Whilst 85% thought ACP would be optimally performed by specially trained staff, comments emphasized that all clinicians should have a working proficiency. Respondents who were more willing to engage in future ACP tended to be non‐physicians (odds ratio (OR) 4.96, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.74–14.07) and reported a greater need for CKD‐specific ACP materials (OR 10.88, 95% CI 2.38–49.79).ConclusionAdvance care planning in nephrology needs support through education and CKD‐specific resources. Endorsement by nephrologists is important. A multidisciplinary approach with a gradient of ACP expertise is also recommended.
High‐Potency Topical Steroids: An Effective Therapy for Chronic Scalp Inflammation in Rapp–Hodgkin Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Theiler Martin , Frieden Ilona J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChronic erosive pustular dermatitis with a predilection for the scalp is a hallmark of ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) caused by mutations in TP63, including Rapp–Hodgkin and Hay–Wells EDs. It is among the most troublesome and symptomatic complications and is typically refractory to classic wound care approaches. We report two cases of Rapp–Hodgkin ED with refractory scalp erosions that markedly improved with the use of potent topical steroids. We also note marked similarities between this scalp inflammation and “erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp,” a condition more typically found in elderly individuals with severe scalp sun damage, and speculate about possible shared pathogenetic mechanisms.
Neurovascular Stains in Two Girls with Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Crall Cary S. , Rork Jillian , Maguiness Sheliagh , Schmidt Birgitta , Gellis Stephen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe report two girls, ages 9 and 17 years, with a clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF‐1) who presented with ill‐defined, blanchable, erythematous patches on the dorsal feet and ankles. We hypothesized that these patches were a rare cutaneous finding in NF‐1 that exist on a clinical and histopathologic spectrum with previously described NF‐1 vascular lesions including blue–red macules and skin ulceration due to NF‐1 vasculopathy. We suggest that these lesions be called neurovascular stains (NVSs) to unify their clinical and histopathologic features.
Palisaded Neutrophilic Granulomatous Dermatitis in a Child with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis on Etanercept
Authors: Nguyen Tuyet A. , Celano Nicholas J. , Matiz Catalina 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPalisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis that may be associated with significant morbidity because of associated pruritus and pain. It is typically seen in adults with collagen vascular diseases, but may be associated with medications as well. PNGD is rarely reported in children. We describe a girl with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis who developed PNGD after administration of etanercept and demonstrated rapid and significant improvement upon treatment with topical triamcinolone 0.1% ointment.
Factors associated with the specific worries of childhood cancer survivors: Cross‐sectional survey in Japan
Authors: Ishida Yasushi , Higaki Takashi , Hayashi Mitsue , Inoue Fumiko , Ozawa Miwa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown that adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS) have many worries. We re‐analyzed the employment data in order to identify these worries and their associated factors.MethodsThe participants were selected from the membership directory of Heart Link mutual‐aid health insurance, and recruited by the CCS Network. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey (a self‐rated questionnaire on employment) via post or email with a link to an Internet website. We investigated the association between CCS factors and the specific worries. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) for the associated factors with a specific worry were estimated on logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 240 questionnaires were collected by November 2012. One questionnaire was excluded because the answers were not provided by the CCS him/herself. The most common worries were health‐related problems (50%) and employment issues (40%), which were followed by his/her personality and life (23%) and self‐appearance (20%). Fifty (21%) out of 239 CCS answered no specific worry. The common consistent factor associated with worries was the presence of late effects. Of note was that the CCS worries were not associated with age at diagnosis or follow up, gender, educational achievement or marriage. The worry about employment issues was associated with economic status, disability qualification, and employment status.ConclusionsThe CCS worries were strongly affected by the presence of late effects. No significant association was noted between CCS worries and gender, age at diagnosis or follow up, or educational achievements. Economic status and disability qualification were associated with some worries.
Word to the Wise: Notes on a Black Feminist Metaphilosophy of Race
Authors: Dotson Kristie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt is not uncommon to ask a race and gender‐based question of a philosopher of race, only to hear ‘I do race, not gender’. To the ears of many Black feminists, this sounds, to be frank, utterly foolish. Here, I identify three metaphilosophical assumptions, i.e. the disaggregation, fundamentality and transcendental assumptions, that aid in underwriting the ability to use the statement, ‘I do race, not gender’, as a means for avoiding gender‐based questions in ‘race talks’. Then, I gesture to a reason to reject the fundamentality and transcendental assumptions, i.e. the promotion of intellectual slumming.
In Quality We Trust; but Quality of Life or Quality of Care?
Authors: Chen Shan Shan , Unruh Mark , Williams Mark 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe ESRD program provides medical care to a diverse and medically complex patient population. The care for the ESRD patient population has become increasingly benchmarked with process of care measures. These measures include dialysis adequacy, anemia, nutrition, and vascular access outcomes. These process‐related dialysis measures may not improve the care of the individual patient as care relates to the individual's goals and values. There is also evidence that these process measures may not be causally related to quality of life, hospitalization, and survival. The adoption of patient‐reported outcomes may shift the balance toward more patient‐centered care. However, the extent to which mandated measures of health‐related quality of life and patient satisfaction result in improved outcomes remains unclear.
Erythrocyte invasion receptors for Plasmodium falciparum: new and old
Authors: Satchwell T. J. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYUnderstanding the complex process by which the invasive form of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, the merozoite, attaches to and invades erythrocytes as part of its blood stage life cycle represents a key area of research in the battle to combat malaria. Central to this are efforts to determine the identity of receptors on the host cell surface, their corresponding merozoite‐binding proteins and the functional relevance of these binding events as part of the invasion process. This review will provide an updated summary of studies identifying receptor interactions essential for or implicated in P. falciparum merozoite invasion of human erythrocytes, highlighting the recent identification of new receptors using groundbreaking high throughput approaches and with particular focus on the properties and putative involvement of the erythrocyte proteins targeted by these invasion pathways.
An order set and checklist improve physician transfusion ordering practices to mitigate the risk of transfusion‐associated circulatory overload
Authors: Tseng E. , Spradbrow J. , Cao X. , Callum J. , Lin Y. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYObjectives and backgroundThere are few studies of quality interventions to mitigate the risk of transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO). Our aim was to reduce TACO risk in patients admitted to internal medicine at our hospital, by addressing gaps in transfusion practice.Materials and methodsA 3‐month baseline audit of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion orders was conducted. An intervention consisting of a transfusion order set and physician checklist was developed and implemented based on identified gaps, followed by a 3‐month post‐intervention audit. Compliance with appropriateness criteria for RBC transfusion was ascertained, along with documentation of transfusion rate, diuretic usage and consent.ResultsA total of 97 transfusion orders from 68 inpatients and 95 orders from 62 inpatients were audited in the baseline and post‐intervention groups, respectively. Compliance with appropriateness criteria was similar pre‐ and post‐intervention (87 versus 85%, P = 0·81). Specification of transfusion rate improved (84 versus 98%, P < 0·01), and diuretics were appropriately ordered more frequently for patients with TACO risk factors (37 versus 64%, P < 0·01). Timing of diuretics shifted from between or post‐transfusion to pre‐transfusion (35 versus 86%, P < 0·01), without increases in hypokalemia or acute kidney injury. No case of TACO was observed during the study. Documentation of specific risks discussed during consent discussion improved (4 versus 23%, P < 0·01).ConclusionA checklist and order set are tools that can improve the quality of transfusion orders by increasing the judicious use of pre‐transfusion diuretics and augmenting the specification of transfusion rate. These interventions could be adapted to electronic order formats to improve transfusion safety.
The role of Orai–STIM calcium channels in melanocytes and melanoma
Authors: Stanisz Hedwig , Vultur Adina , Herlyn Meenhard , Roesch Alexander , Bogeski Ivan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCalcium signalling within normal and cancer cells regulates many important cellular functions such as migration, proliferation, differentiation and cytokine secretion. Store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) via the Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, which are composed of the plasma membrane based Orai channels and the endoplasmic reticulum stromal interaction molecules (STIMs), is a major Ca2+ entry route in many cell types. Orai and STIM have been implicated in the growth and metastasis of multiple cancers; however, while their involvement in cancer is presently indisputable, how Orai–STIM‐controlled Ca2+ signals affect malignant transformation, tumour growth and invasion is not fully understood. Here, we review recent studies linking Orai–STIM Ca2+ channels with cancer, with a particular focus on melanoma. We highlight and examine key molecular players and the signalling pathways regulated by Orai and STIM in normal and malignant cells, we expose discrepancies, and we reflect on the potential of Orai–STIMs as anticancer drug targets. Finally, we discuss the functional implications of future discoveries in the field of Ca2+ signalling.
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Teaching neurons to respond to placebos
Authors: Benedetti Fabrizio , Frisaldi Elisa , Carlino Elisa , Giudetti Lucia , Pampallona Alan , Zibetti Maurizio , Lanotte Michele , Lopiano Leonardo 
Published: February 2016

Key points
We analysed the placebo response at the single‐neuron level in the thalamus of Parkinson patients to see the differences between first‐time administration of placebo and administration after pharmacological pre‐conditioning.
When the placebo was given for the first time, it induced neither clinical improvement, as assessed through muscle rigidity reduction at the wrist, nor neuronal changes in thalamic neurons.
However, if placebo was given after two, three or four prior administrations of an anti‐Parkinson drug, apomorphine, it produced both clinical and neuronal responses.
Both the magnitude and the duration of these placebo responses depended on the number of prior exposures to apomorphine, according to the rule: the greater the number of previous apomorphine administrations, the larger the magnitude and the longer the duration of the clinical and neuronal placebo responses.
These findings show that learning plays a crucial role in the placebo response and suggest that placebo non‐responders can be turned into placebo responders, with important clinical implications.
AbstractPlacebos have been found to affect the patient's brain in several conditions, such as pain and motor disorders. For example, in Parkinson's disease, a placebo treatment induces a release of dopamine in the striatum and changes the activity of neurons in both thalamic and subthalamic nuclei. The present study shows that placebo administration for the first time induces neither clinical nor neuronal improvement in Parkinson patients who undergo implantation of electrodes for deep brain stimulation. However, this lack of placebo responsiveness can be turned into substantial placebo responses following previous exposure to repeated administrations of the anti‐Parkinson agent apomorphine. As the number of apomorphine administrations increased from one to four, both the clinical response and the neuronal activity in the ventral anterior and anterior ventrolateral thalamus increased. In fact, after four apomorphine exposures, placebo administration induced clinical responses that were as large as those to apomorphine, along with long‐lasting neuronal changes. These clinical placebo responses following four apomorphine administrations were again elicited after a re‐exposure to a placebo 24 h after surgery, but not after 48 h. These data indicate that learning plays a crucial role in placebo responsiveness and suggest that placebo non‐responders can be turned into responders, with important implications in the clinical setting.
Resolving the Complexity of Human Skin Metagenomes Using Single-Molecule Sequencing
Authors: Tsai Yu-Chih , Conlan Sean , Deming Clayton ,   NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, Segre Julia A. , Kong Heidi H. , Korlach Jonas , Oh Julia 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Deep metagenomic shotgun sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool to interrogate composition and function of complex microbial communities. Computational approaches to assemble genome fragments have been demonstrated to be an effective tool for
de novo
reconstruction of genomes from these communities. However, the resultant “genomes” are typically fragmented and incomplete due to the limited ability of short-read sequence data to assemble complex or low-coverage regions. Here, we use single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing to reconstruct a high-quality, closed genome of a previously uncharacterized
Corynebacterium simulans
and its companion bacteriophage from a skin metagenomic sample. Considerable improvement in assembly quality occurs in hybrid approaches incorporating short-read data, with even relatively small amounts of long-read data being sufficient to improve metagenome reconstruction. Using short-read data to evaluate strain variation of this
C. simulans
in its skin community at single-nucleotide resolution, we observed a dominant
C. simulans
strain with moderate allelic heterozygosity throughout the population. We demonstrate the utility of SMRT sequencing and hybrid approaches in metagenome quantitation, reconstruction, and annotation.

IMPORTANCE
The species comprising a microbial community are often difficult to deconvolute due to technical limitations inherent to most short-read sequencing technologies. Here, we leverage new advances in sequencing technology, single-molecule sequencing, to significantly improve reconstruction of a complex human skin microbial community. With this long-read technology, we were able to reconstruct and annotate a closed, high-quality genome of a previously uncharacterized skin species. We demonstrate that hybrid approaches with short-read technology are sufficiently powerful to reconstruct even single-nucleotide polymorphism level variation of species in this a community.
Genome-wide Annotation, Identification, and Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Regulatory or Small RNA Gene Expression in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Carroll Ronan K. , Weiss Andy , Broach William H. , Wiemels Richard E. , Mogen Austin B. , Rice Kelly C. , Shaw Lindsey N. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

In
Staphylococcus aureus
, hundreds of small regulatory or small RNAs (sRNAs) have been identified, yet this class of molecule remains poorly understood and severely understudied. sRNA genes are typically absent from genome annotation files, and as a consequence, their existence is often overlooked, particularly in global transcriptomic studies. To facilitate improved detection and analysis of sRNAs in
S. aureus
, we generated updated GenBank files for three commonly used
S. aureus
strains (MRSA252, NCTC 8325, and USA300), in which we added annotations for >260 previously identified sRNAs. These files, the first to include genome-wide annotation of sRNAs in
S. aureus
, were then used as a foundation to identify novel sRNAs in the community-associated methicillin-resistant strain USA300. This analysis led to the discovery of 39 previously unidentified sRNAs. Investigating the genomic loci of the newly identified sRNAs revealed a surprising degree of inconsistency in genome annotation in
S. aureus
, which may be hindering the analysis and functional exploration of these elements. Finally, using our newly created annotation files as a reference, we perform a global analysis of sRNA gene expression in
S. aureus
and demonstrate that the newly identified
tsr25
is the most highly upregulated sRNA in human serum. This study provides an invaluable resource to the
S. aureus
research community in the form of our newly generated annotation files, while at the same time presenting the first examination of differential sRNA expression in pathophysiologically relevant conditions.

IMPORTANCE
Despite a large number of studies identifying regulatory or small RNA (sRNA) genes in
Staphylococcus aureus
, their annotation is notably lacking in available genome files. In addition to this, there has been a considerable lack of cross-referencing in the wealth of studies identifying these elements, often leading to the same sRNA being identified multiple times and bearing multiple names. In this work, we have consolidated and curated known sRNA genes from the literature and mapped them to their position on the
S. aureus
genome, creating new genome annotation files. These files can now be used by the scientific community at large in experiments to search for previously undiscovered sRNA genes and to monitor sRNA gene expression by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). We demonstrate this application, identifying 39 new sRNAs and studying their expression during
S. aureus
growth in human serum.
Host RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story
Authors: Eckwahl Matthew J. , Telesnitsky Alice , Wolin Sandra L. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
A fascinating aspect of retroviruses is their tendency to nonrandomly incorporate host cell RNAs into virions. In addition to the specific tRNAs that prime reverse transcription, all examined retroviruses selectively package multiple host cell noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Many of these ncRNAs appear to be encapsidated shortly after synthesis, before assembling with their normal protein partners. Remarkably, although some packaged ncRNAs, such as pre-tRNAs and the spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), were believed to reside exclusively within mammalian nuclei, it was demonstrated recently that the model retrovirus murine leukemia virus (MLV) packages these ncRNAs from a novel pathway in which unneeded nascent ncRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm for degradation. The finding that retroviruses package forms of ncRNAs that are rare in cells suggests several hypotheses for how these RNAs could assist retrovirus assembly and infectivity. Moreover, recent experiments in several laboratories have identified additional ways in which cellular ncRNAs may contribute to the retrovirus life cycle. This review focuses on the ncRNAs that are packaged by retroviruses and the ways in which both encapsidated ncRNAs and other cellular ncRNAs may contribute to retrovirus replication.