bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐evaluation of lung to thorax transverse area ratio immediately before birth in predicting postnatal short‐term outcomes of fetuses with isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A single center analysis
Authors: Kido Saki , Hidaka Nobuhiro , Sato Yuka , Fujita Yasuyuki , Miyoshi Kina , Nagata Kouji , Taguchi Tomoaki , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWe aimed to investigate whether the lung‐to‐thorax transverse area ratio (LTR) immediately before birth is of diagnostic value for the prediction of postnatal short‐term outcomes in cases of isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We retrospectively reviewed the cases of fetal isolated left‐sided CDH managed at our institution between April 2008 and July 2016. We divided the patients into two groups based on LTR immediately before birth, using a cut‐off value of 0.08. We compared the proportions of subjects within the two groups who survived until discharge using Fisher's exact test. Further, using Spearman's rank correlation, we assessed whether LTR was correlated with length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and supplemental oxygen. Twenty‐nine subjects were included (five with LTR < 0.08, and 24 with LTR ≥ 0.08). The proportion of subjects surviving until discharge was 40% (2/5) for patients with LTR < 0.08, as compared with 96% (23/24) for those with LTR ≥ 0.08. LTR measured immediately before birth was negatively correlated with the postnatal length of stay (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, rs = −0.486), and the duration of supplemental oxygen (rs = −0.537). Further, the duration of mechanical ventilation was longer in patients with a lower LTR value. LTR immediately before birth is useful for the prediction of postnatal short‐term outcomes in fetuses with isolated left‐sided CDH. In particular, patients with prenatal LTR value less than 0.08 are at increased risk of postnatal death.
Relation of oxygen uptake to work rate in prepubertal healthy children – reference for VO2/W‐slope and effect on cardiorespiratory fitness assessment
Authors: Tompuri Tuomo , Lintu Niina , Laitinen Tomi , Lakka Timo A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPurposeExercise testing by cycle ergometer allows to observe the interaction between oxygen uptake (VO2) and workload (W), and VO2/W‐slope can be used as a diagnostic tool. Respectively, peak oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) can be estimated by maximal workload. We aim to determine reference for VO2/W‐slope among prepubertal children and define agreement between estimated and measured VO2PEAK.MethodsA total of 38 prepubertal children (20 girls) performed a maximal cycle ergometer test with respiratory gas analysis. VO2/W‐slopes were computed using linear regression. Agreement analysis by Bland and Altman for estimated and measured VO2PEAK was carried out including limits of agreement (LA). Determinants for VO2/W‐slopes and estimation bias were defined.ResultsVO2/W‐slope was in both girls and boys ≥9·4 and did not change with exercise level, but the oxygen cost of exercise was higher among physically more active children. Estimated VO2PEAK had 6·4% coefficient of variation, and LA varied from 13% underestimation to 13% overestimation. Bias had a trend towards underestimation along lean mass proportional VO2PEAK. The primary determinant for estimation bias was VO2/W‐slope (β = −0·65; P<0·001).ConclusionThe reference values for VO2/W‐slope among healthy prepubertal children were similar to those published for adults and among adolescents. Estimated and measured VO2PEAK should not be considered to be interchangeable because of the variation in the relationship between VO2 and W. On other hand, variation in the relationship between VO2 and W enables that VO2/W‐slope can be used as a diagnostic tool.
Significant arterial complications after pancreas transplantation—A single‐center experience and review of literature
Authors: Yadav Kunal , Young Shamar , Finger Erik B. , Kandaswamy Raja , Sutherland David E. R. , Golzarian Jafar , Dunn Ty B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractArterial fistulas and pseudoaneurysms are rarely described significant arterial complications associated with pancreas transplantation that sometimes present with herald or catastrophic bleeding. We herein describe our institutional case series with a focus on management and outcomes. Of 2256 pancreas transplants, 24 arterial complications were identified in 23 recipients. Chart review was performed to describe the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of the complications (pseudoaneurysm, arterial enteric/cystic/ureteric fistula, or arteriovenous fistula). Of these 23 patients, 57% had a failed allograft at the time of the complication. Nine patients underwent primary surgical repair of 10 complications, 13 were treated by endovascular methods, and one patient by medical management. In total, 3 embolized patients rebled, 2 of which had failed allografts prior to treatment. Of those with graft function that were treated by embolization alone, all retained graft function. Diagnosis of arterial complications requires a high degree of suspicion and should involve early systemic angiography to evaluate the pancreatic vasculature. Management can be endovascular or surgical and should be individualized. We report our center's evolution from a predominantly surgical to endovascular approach as a definitive vs stabilizing therapy, with selective coiling mostly reserved for well‐defined peripheral lesions in patients with a functioning allograft.
Single‐Dose and Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics of Vaniprevir in Healthy Men
Authors: Caro L , de Hoon J , Depré M , Cilissen C , Miller J , Gao W , Panebianco D , Guo Z , Troemel SL , Anderson MS , Uemura N , Butterton J , Wagner J , Wright DH 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVaniprevir is an inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease. The aim of these double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase I studies was to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of vaniprevir in healthy male volunteers. The primary objective for both studies was the safety and tolerability of vaniprevir. Single‐dose and steady‐state pharmacokinetics were also assessed. In both studies, there was no apparent relationship between the frequency or intensity of adverse events and vaniprevir dose. At single doses >20 mg, the plasma area under the curve (AUC)0–∞ and maximum concentration (Cmax) increased in a greater‐than‐dose‐proportional manner. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs; fed/fasted) were 1.22 and 0.79 for AUC0–∞ and Cmax, respectively. Following multiple doses, GMR accumulations for AUC0–12h and Cmax (day 14/day 1) ranged from 1.53 to 1.90 and from 1.41 to 1.92, respectively. These data support the use of vaniprevir with peginterferon and ribavirin in patients with HCV infection.
Oral Apolipoprotein A‐I Mimetic D‐4F Lowers HDL‐Inflammatory Index in High‐Risk Patients: A First‐in‐Human Multiple‐Dose, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dunbar Richard L. , Movva Rajesh , Bloedon LeAnne T. , Duffy Danielle , Norris Robert B. , Navab Mohamad , Fogelman Alan M. , Rader Daniel J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA single dose of the apolipoprotein (apo)A‐I mimetic peptide D‐4F rendered high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) less inflammatory, motivating the first multiple‐dose study. We aimed to assess safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of daily, orally administered D‐4F. High‐risk coronary heart disease (CHD) subjects added double‐blinded placebo or D‐4F to statin for 13 days, randomly assigned 1:3 to ascending cohorts of 100, 300, then 500 mg (n = 62; 46 men/16 women). D‐4F was safe and well‐tolerated. Mean ± SD plasma D‐4F area under the curve (AUC, 0–8h) was 6.9 ± 5.7 ng/mL*h (100 mg), 22.7 ± 19.6 ng/mL*h (300 mg), and 104.0 ± 60.9 ng/mL*h (500 mg) among men, higher among women. Whereas placebo dropped HDL inflammatory index (HII) 28% 8 h postdose (range, 1.25–0.86), 300–500 mg D‐4F effectively halved HII: 1.35–0.57 and 1.22–0.63, respectively (P < 0.03 vs. placebo). Oral D‐4F peptide dose predicted HII suppression, whereas plasma D‐4F exposure was dissociated, suggesting plasma penetration is unnecessary. In conclusion, oral D‐4F dosing rendered HDL less inflammatory, affirming oral D‐4F as a potential therapy to improve HDL function.
Safety and efficacy of semaglutide once weekly vs sitagliptin once daily, both as monotherapy inJapanese people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Seino Yutaka , Terauchi Yasuo , Osonoi Takeshi , Yabe Daisuke , Abe Nobuyuki , Nishida Tomoyuki , Zacho Jeppe , Kaneko Shizuka 
Published: August 2017

AimsTo assess the safety and efficacy of monotherapy with once‐weekly subcutaneous (s.c.) semaglutide vs sitagliptin in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsIn this phase IIIa randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group, active‐controlled, multicentre trial, Japanese adults with T2D treated with diet and exercise only or oral antidiabetic drug monotherapy (washed out during the run‐in period) received once‐weekly s.c. semaglutide (0.5 or 1.0 mg) or once‐daily oral sitagliptin 100 mg. The primary endpoint was number of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) after 30 weeks.ResultsOverall, 308 participants were randomized and exposed to treatment, with similar baseline characteristics across the groups. In total, 2.9% of participants in both the semaglutide 0.5 mg and the sitagliptin group prematurely discontinued treatment, compared with 14.7% in the semaglutide 1.0 mg group. The majority of discontinuations in the semaglutide 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups were attributable to adverse events (AEs). More TEAEs were reported in semaglutide‐ vs sitagliptin‐treated participants (74.8%, 71.6% and 66.0% in the semaglutide 0.5 mg, semaglutide 1.0 mg and sitagliptin groups, respectively). AEs were mainly mild to moderate. Gastrointestinal AEs, most frequently reported with semaglutide, diminished in frequency over time. The mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c [baseline 8.1%]) decreased by 1.9% and 2.2% with semaglutide 0.5 and 1.0 mg, respectively, vs 0.7% with sitagliptin (estimated treatment difference [ETD] vs sitagliptin −1.13%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.32; −0.94, and −1.44%, 95% CI −1.63; −1.24; bothP < .0001). Body weight (baseline 69.3 kg) was reduced by 2.2 and 3.9 kg with semaglutide 0.5 and 1.0 mg, respectively (ETD −2.22 kg, 95% CI −3.02; −1.42 and −3.88 kg, 95% CI −4.70; −3.07; bothP < .0001).ConclusionsIn Japanese people with T2D, more TEAEs were reported with semaglutide than with sitagliptin; however, the semaglutide safety profile was similar to that of other glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. Semaglutide significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight compared with sitagliptin.
Lean body mass and creatine kinase are associated with reduced inflammation in obesity
Authors: Bekkelund Svein I. , Jorde Rolf 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundObesity is associated with inflammation, but the role of lean mass and creatine kinase (CK) on the inflammatory process is less known. We investigated the associations between lean mass, CK and fat mass upon inflammatory parameters in an overweight and obese adult population.Material and methodsBody composition examined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CK and supplementary clinical parameters were measured in 454 overweight and obese individuals. This is a secondary analysis from a cohort of obese individuals treated with Vitamin D.ResultsMean age was 47·6 ± 11·4 years and mean body mass index 34·6 ± 3·9 kg/m2. Lean mass correlated negatively with hs‐CRP (r = −0·127, P = 0·042) and ESR (r = −0·381, P < 0·001). Median lean mass in the lower ESR quartile was significantly higher than in the upper quartile (P < 0·001) but not between lower and upper hs‐CRP quartiles (P = 0·114). CK was negatively correlated with hs‐CRP (r = −0·151, P < 0·001) and ESR (r = −0·240, P < 0·001). Median CK in the lower hs‐CRP and ESR quartiles were significantly higher than in the upper quartiles (P < 0·001 for both). Conversely, fat mass was positively associated with hs‐CRP and ESR.ConclusionsInflammatory parameters were related to reduced lean mass and CK in an overweight and obese population. Hypothetically, lean mass has a favourable effect on obesity‐related inflammation, and CK may play a role as an inhibitor of inflammation in obesity.
Blood cell count in antipsychotic‐naive patients with non‐affective psychosis
Authors: Garcia‐Rizo Clemente , Casanovas Marta , Fernandez‐Egea Emilio , Oliveira Cristina , Meseguer Ana , Cabrera Bibiana , Mezquida Gisela , Bioque Miquel , Kirkpatrick Brian , Bernardo Miquel 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a complex medical entity with a reduced life expectancy, mostly due to an increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases compared to the general population. An unbalanced immune response and a pro‐inflammatory state might underlie this process. In treated patients, abnormal white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte and neutrophil count suggests atypical immune response related to clinical variables. We aimed to test the hypothesis that newly diagnosed naïve patients with non‐affective psychosis would show abnormal blood cell count values after controlling for potential confounding factors compared to matched controls.MethodsSeventy‐five patients were compared with 80 controls matched for age, gender, body mass index and smoking. Analyses were conducted before and after controlling for smoking.ResultsPatients and controls displayed similar mean values (×103/μL [SD]) for WBC count 7.02 [2.2] vs 6.50 [1.7] (P = .159), neutrophil count 4.25 [1.8] vs 3.84 [1.3] (P = .110) and monocyte count 0.43 [0.2] vs 0.40 [0.1] (P = .326). After controlling for smoking, 38 non‐smoking patients showed a higher WBC and neutrophil count compared with 49 matched controls. Respective means of 7.01 [2.2] vs 5.97 [1.4] (P = .011) for WBC and 4.24 [1.9] vs 3.51 [1.2] (P = .028) for neutrophil count. Monocyte count showed an increased mean value 0.43 [0.2] vs 0.36 [0.1] with a trend towards signification (P = .063).ConclusionsThese results suggest that abnormal immune response is present before the effects of medication and other confounders had taken place. Increased immune parameters might underlie the high ratio of medical co‐morbidities described in schizophrenia.
Using the resurrection approach to understand contemporary evolution in changing environments
Authors: Franks Steven J. , Hamann Elena , Weis Arthur E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe resurrection approach of reviving ancestors from stored propagules and comparing them with descendants under common conditions has emerged as a powerful method of detecting and characterizing contemporary evolution. As climatic and other environmental conditions continue to change at a rapid pace, this approach is becoming particularly useful for predicting and monitoring evolutionary responses. We evaluate this approach, explain the advantages and limitations, suggest best practices for implementation, review studies in which this approach has been used, and explore how it can be incorporated into conservation and management efforts. We find that although the approach has thus far been used in a limited number of cases, these studies have provided strong evidence for rapid contemporary adaptive evolution in a variety of systems, particularly in response to anthropogenic environmental change, although it is far from clear that evolution will be able to rescue many populations from extinction given current rates of global changes. We also highlight one effort, known as Project Baseline, to create a collection of stored seeds that can take advantage of the resurrection approach to examine evolutionary responses to environmental change over the coming decades. We conclude that the resurrection approach is a useful tool that could be more widely employed to examine basic questions about evolution in natural populations and to assist in the conservation and management of these populations as they face continued environmental change.
Reproductive careers of Thoroughbred broodmares before and after surgical correction of ≥360 degree large colon volvulus
Authors: Leahy E. R. , Holcombe S. J. , Hackett E. S. , Scoggin C. F. , Embertson R. M. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundLimited data exist describing broodmare longevity and reproductive efficiency after surgical correction of ≥360 degree large colon volvulus (° LCV).ObjectivesCompare career duration and foals delivered for broodmares before and after ≥360°LCVsurgery.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsBroodmares registered with The Jockey Club that had surgical correction of ≥360°LCVand survived to hospital discharge at Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2015 were included. Information was collected from the hospital's medical data base and The Jockey Club produce records about the mares’ reproductive careers. Data were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric tests, P≤0.05.ResultsMares that were bred but never foaled prior to surgery (n = 19) had shorter careers (mean ± standard deviation [s.d.]), 4.4 ± 4.5 years, and fewer foals, 3.1 ± 3.3, compared with mares that delivered ≥1 foal before surgery (n = 565), 10.4 ± 4.5 years and 7.4 ± 3.4 foals, respectively, P<0.001. Broodmares that delivered foals before surgery produced more foals in the years before surgery, 4.8 ± 3.0, than after surgery, 2.6 ± 2.4, P<0.001, and had longer breeding careers, 5.9 ± 3.8 vs. 4.5 ± 3.3 years before compared with after surgery, P<0.001. No significant differences in career length or number of foals delivered were detected for mares with a single compared with multipleLCVsurgeries. Mares that were 3–11 years old at the time of surgery had significantly more foals after surgery compared with mares ≥12 years old, P<0.001, as expected.Main limitationsRetrospective collection of data.ConclusionsBroodmares had productive careers following surgery for ≥360°LCVthat were largely influenced by the mares’ age at the time of surgery.
Aerobic uterine isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility in mares with post‐partum metritis
Authors: Ferrer M. S. , Palomares R. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe potential for life‐threatening complications of metritis requires prompt initiation of antimicrobial treatment, often before microbiological test results are reported. However, published studies to guide first‐line antibiotic selection are scarce.ObjectivesTo report the most frequent bacterial species, antimicrobial susceptibility and prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cases of equine metritis.Study designRetrospective analysis of uterine bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results from mares with metritis.MethodsData from uterine culture and AST from 45 mares and 88 bacterial isolates were analysed. The frequency of single and mixed infections, bacterial species and susceptibility to antimicrobials was reported.ResultsMixed growth (62.2% mares) was more frequent than pure growth. The most commonly isolated bacterial species was Escherichia coli (30.7%) and mares with mixed growth most commonly grew a combination of Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria (65.5%). Gentamicin with penicillin was an appropriate choice for 65.1% of the mares. Trimethoprim/sulfonamide was effective in only 48.8% of the mares. Effective antimicrobial therapy was provided by the combination of penicillin with amikacin (90.7%) or with enrofloxacin (81.4%). Some organisms were also sensitive to tetracyclines, cephalosporins and chloramphenicol. MDR was more frequent in Gram‐negative (85.4%) than Gram‐positive bacteria (23.5%).Main limitationsLow number of bacteria, limited number of veterinary specific interpretive criteria for equine metritis.ConclusionsMixed infections were common in equine metritis. Gram‐negative bacteria and enterococci were often associated with resistance to the most frequently used antimicrobials. Potentiated sulfonamides are not an appropriate first choice for mares with metritis. While the combination of penicillin and gentamicin may be an appropriate first‐line treatment for some mares, use of amikacin or enrofloxacin instead of gentamicin may be preferential.
Mapping the interactome of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins with the ubiquitin‐proteasome system
Authors: Poirson Juline , Biquand Elise , Straub Marie‐Laure , Cassonnet Patricia , Nominé Yves , Jones Louis , van der Werf Sylvie , Travé Gilles , Zanier Katia , Jacob Yves , Demeret Caroline , Masson Murielle 
Published: August 2017

Protein ubiquitination and its reverse reaction, deubiquitination, regulate protein stability, protein binding activity, and their subcellular localization. These reactions are catalyzed by the enzymes E1, E2, and E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs). The Ub‐proteasome system (UPS) is targeted by viruses for the sake of their replication and to escape host immune response. To identify novel partners of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 proteins, we assembled and screened a library of 590 cDNAs related to the UPS by using the Gaussia princeps luciferase protein complementation assay. HPV16 E6 was found to bind to the homology to E6AP C terminus‐type Ub ligase (E6AP), three really interesting new gene (RING)‐type Ub ligases (MGRN1, LNX3, LNX4), and the DUB Ub‐specific protease 15 (USP15). Except for E6AP, the binding of UPS factors did not require the LxxLL‐binding pocket of HPV16 E6. LNX3 bound preferentially to all high‐risk mucosal HPV E6 tested, whereas LNX4 bound specifically to HPV16 E6. HPV16 E7 was found to bind to several broad‐complex tramtrack and bric‐a‐brac domain‐containing proteins (such as TNFAIP1/KCTD13) that are potential substrate adaptors of Cullin 3‐RING Ub ligases, to RING‐type Ub ligases implicated in innate immunity (RNF135, TRIM32, TRAF2, TRAF5), to the substrate adaptor DCAF15 of Cullin 4‐RING Ub ligase and to some DUBs (USP29, USP33). The binding to UPS factors did not require the LxCxE motif but rather the C‐terminal region of HPV16 E7 protein. The identified UPS factors interacted with most of E7 proteins across different HPV types. This study establishes a strategy for the rapid identification of interactions between host or pathogen proteins and the human ubiquitination system.
Designing pro‐composite truss layout for load‐bearing aircraft structures
Authors: Shanygin A. , Dubovikov E. , Fomin V. , Mareskin I. , Zichenkov M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe frame (truss) layout based on the hybrid metal‐composite rod elements is proposed for weight saving of the primary aircraft structures. It is proposed to provide the durability of rod elements by protection system against impacts and environment. The algorithm of designing the structure with frame layout has been developed on the basis of 2‐level approach. Fast strength analysis methods based on automated numerical models have been developed. The results of comparative weight estimations of frame and conventional wing box structure of prospective civil aircraft are presented.