bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What a gastrointestinal biopsy can tell us about Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Corbillé A.‐G. , Clairembault T. , Coron E. , Leclair‐Visonneau L. , Preterre C. , Neunlist M. , Derkinderen P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe intraneuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies and neurites, which represent the characteristic pathological changes in Parkinson's disease, are found in the enteric neurons in the great majority of parkinsonian patients. This observation led to a substantial amount of research over the last few years in order to develop a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure in living patients based on gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies.PurposeIn this review, we will begin by discussing the studies that focused on the detection of Lewy bodies and neurites in GI biopsies, then broaden the discussion to the pathological changes that also occur in the enteric glial cells and intestinal epithelial cells. We conclude by proposing that a GI biopsy could represent a unique window to assess the whole pathological process of the brain in Parkinson's disease.
Transcriptome and metabolome of synthetic Solanum autotetraploids reveal key genomic stress events following polyploidization
Authors: Fasano Carlo , Diretto Gianfranco , Aversano Riccardo , D'Agostino Nunzio , Di Matteo Antonio , Frusciante Luigi , Giuliano Giovanni , Carputo Domenico 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Polyploids are generally classified as autopolyploids, derived from a single species, and allopolyploids, arising from interspecific hybridization. The former represent ideal materials with which to study the consequences of genome doubling and ascertain whether there are molecular and functional rules operating following polyploidization events.

To investigate whether the effects of autopolyploidization are common to different species, or if species‐specific or stochastic events are prevalent, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic characterization of diploids and autotetraploids of Solanum commersonii and Solanum bulbocastanum.

Autopolyploidization remodelled the transcriptome and the metabolome of both species. In S. commersonii, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly enriched in pericentromeric regions. Most changes were stochastic, suggesting a strong genotypic response. However, a set of robustly regulated transcripts and metabolites was also detected, including purine bases and nucleosides, which are likely to underlie a common response to polyploidization.

We hypothesize that autopolyploidization results in nucleotide pool imbalance, which in turn triggers a genomic shock responsible for the stochastic events observed. The more extensive genomic stress and the higher number of stochastic events observed in S. commersonii with respect to S. bulbocastanum could be the result of the higher nucleoside depletion observed in this species.
Acidification, not carbonation, is the major regulator of carbon fluxes in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Kottmeier Dorothee M. , Rokitta Sebastian D. , Rost Björn 
Published: February 2016

Summary

A combined increase in seawater [CO2] and [H+] was recently shown to induce a shift from photosynthetic HCO3− to CO2 uptake in Emiliania huxleyi. This shift occurred within minutes, whereas acclimation to ocean acidification (OA) did not affect the carbon source.

To identify the driver of this shift, we exposed low‐ and high‐light acclimated E. huxleyi to a matrix of two levels of dissolved inorganic carbon (1400, 2800 μmol kg−1) and pH (8.15, 7.85) and directly measured cellular O2, CO2 and HCO3− fluxes under these conditions.

Exposure to increased [CO2] had little effect on the photosynthetic fluxes, whereas increased [H+] led to a significant decline in HCO3− uptake. Low‐light acclimated cells overcompensated for the inhibition of HCO3− uptake by increasing CO2 uptake. High‐light acclimated cells, relying on higher proportions of HCO3− uptake, could not increase CO2 uptake and photosynthetic O2 evolution consequently became carbon‐limited.

These regulations indicate that OA responses in photosynthesis are caused by [H+] rather than by [CO2]. The impaired HCO3− uptake also provides a mechanistic explanation for lowered calcification under OA. Moreover, it explains the OA‐dependent decrease in photosynthesis observed in high‐light grown phytoplankton.
Objectively measured sedentary behaviour and health and development in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cliff D. P. , Hesketh K. D. , Vella S. A. , Hinkley T. , Tsiros M. D. , Ridgers N. D. , Carver A. , Veitch J. , Parrish A.‐M. , Hardy L. L. , Plotnikoff R. C. , Okely A. D. , Salmon J. , Lubans D. R. 
Published: February 2016

SummarySedentary behaviour has emerged as a unique determinant of health in adults. Studies in children and adolescents have been less consistent. We reviewed the evidence to determine if the total volume and patterns (i.e. breaks and bouts) of objectively measured sedentary behaviour were associated with adverse health outcomes in young people, independent of moderate‐intensity to vigorous‐intensity physical activity. Four electronic databases (EMBASE MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus) were searched (up to 12 November 2015) to retrieve studies among 2‐ to 18‐year‐olds, which used cross‐sectional, longitudinal or experimental designs, and examined associations with health outcomes (adiposity, cardio‐metabolic, fitness, respiratory, bone/musculoskeletal, psychosocial, cognition/academic achievement, gross motor development and other outcomes). Based on 88 eligible observational studies, level of evidence grading and quantitative meta‐analyses indicated that there is limited available evidence that the total volume or patterns of sedentary behaviour are associated with health in children and adolescents when accounting for moderate‐intensity to vigorous‐intensity physical activity or focusing on studies with low risk of bias. Quality evidence from studies with robust designs and methods, objective measures of sitting, examining associations for various health outcomes, is needed to better understand if the overall volume or patterns of sedentary behaviour are independent determinants of health in children and adolescents.
Altered neural activation pattern during teeth clenching in temporomandibular disorders
Authors: He SS , Li F , Gu T , Liu Y , Zou SJ , Huang XQ , Lui S , Gong QY , Chen S 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThe aim was to explore the neural activations during teeth clenching in TMDs patients pre‐ and post‐treatment.Subjects and MethodsThirty TMDs patients and 20 controls underwent clinical evaluations and functional magnetic resonance imaging with a teeth clenching task. Eleven patients received repeat evaluation and imaging after wearing a stabilization splint for 3 months.ResultsDuring teeth clench, the TMDs patients showed decreased positive activity in the left precentral gyrus, right and left inferior temporal gyrus, and left cerebellum and increased negative activations in the right medial prefrontal cortex (P < 0.05 after AlphaSim correction). The 11 TMDs patients after treatment showed a return to normal neural activity in these areas. No brain areas in TMDs patients showed differences in activation after treatment compared with the controls, except for an increase in activation in the right cerebellum in the 11 TMDs patients (P < 0.05 after AlphaSim correction).ConclusionDecreased activations in cerebral areas associated with motor and cognitive functions in TMDs patients during teeth clenching were observed. Normalized activations of these areas happened in patients after routine treatment. These findings may facilitate the understanding of TMDs pathogenesis and the therapeutic mechanisms of the stabilization splint.
Eosinophilic density in graft biopsies positive for rejection and blood eosinophil count can predict development of post‐transplant digestive tract eosinophilia
Authors: Bush Jonathan W. , Mohammad Saeed , Melin‐Aldana Hector , Kagalwalla Amir F. , Arva Nicoleta C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEGID is a known post‐transplant complication. Its etiology has been related to antirejection medication, but other factors may also play a role as only few transplant recipients develop EGID despite standardized treatment. This study aimed to determine whether EGID is associated with rejection events and with a specific phenotype of the rejection‐positive graft biopsies in children with solid organ transplant. All patients with liver, heart, and kidney transplant followed at our institution were included in the study. Digestive tract eosinophilia was more common in heart and liver recipients and was a rare event after renal transplantation. Subjects with EGID had higher incidence of rejection and elevated peripheral blood AEC. The first rejection event and high AEC values preceded EGID diagnosis in the majority of patients. Histologically, the initial rejection‐positive graft biopsy revealed accentuated eosinophilia in EGID patients compared with non‐EGID cohort, which correlated with higher blood eosinophil counts at the time of first rejection episode. Prominent graft tissue and peripheral blood eosinophilia prior to EGID diagnosis suggests a predisposition for eosinophil activation in patients with post‐transplant digestive eosinophilic disorder. These parameters can be used as markers for subsequent development of EGID.
End‐stage ischemic heart failure and Williams–Beuren syndrome: A unique scenario for pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: González‐López María‐Teresa , Pérez‐Caballero‐Martínez Ramón , Granados‐Ruiz Miguel‐Ángel , García‐Torres Enrique , Álvarez‐García‐Rovés Reyes , Gil‐Villanueva Nuria , Camino‐López Manuela , Gil‐Jaurena Juan‐Miguel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWBS is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the chromosomal sub‐band 7q11.23 involving the elastin gene. The clinical features (craniofacial, developmental, and cardiovascular abnormalities) are variable. The association with cardiac anomalies is a well‐recognized feature, and SVAS is the most common cardiac defect found. End‐stage ischemic heart disease is unusual in this setting but when it occurs, OHT remains the final therapeutic option. This decision can be difficult to determine, and it must be tailored to the individual patient based on the clinical status and concomitant cardiovascular and multisystem lesions. To date, no cases of OHT in patients with WBS have been described. We present a 14‐month‐old patient with WBS who developed severe LV dysfunction secondary to ischemia following a complex staged surgery for SVAS repair. He underwent successful OHT with no post‐operative complications, and at three‐month follow‐up, he remains asymptomatic on standard immunosuppressive therapy. This case constitutes the first demonstration that OHT may be indicated for extended survival in selected children with WBS and we discuss the basic principles for extending the indication for OHT to this scenario as well as the particularities for post‐transplant care.
Self‐Reported Changes in Sun‐Protection Behaviors at Different Latitudes in Australia
Authors: Djaja Ngadiman , Janda Monika , Lucas Robyn M. , Harrison Simone L. , van der Mei Ingrid , Ebeling Peter R. , Neale Rachel E. , Whiteman David C. , Nowak Madeleine , Kimlin Michael G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSun exposure is the most important source of vitamin D, but is also a risk factor for skin cancer. This study investigated attitudes toward vitamin D, and changes in sun‐exposure behavior due to concern about adequate vitamin D. Participants (n = 1002) were recruited from four regions of Australia and completed self‐ and interviewer‐administered surveys. Chi‐square tests were used to assess associations between participants' latitude of residence, vitamin D‐related attitudes and changes in sun‐exposure behaviors during the last summer. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to model the association between attitudes and behaviors. Overall, people who worried about their vitamin D status were more likely to have altered sun protection and spent more time in the sun people not concerned about vitamin D. Concern about vitamin D was also more common with increasing latitude. Use of novel item response theory analysis highlighted the potential impact of self‐reported behavior change on skin cancer predisposition due concern to vitamin. This cross‐sectional study shows that the strongest determinants of self‐reported sun‐protection behavior changes due to concerns about vitamin D were attitudes and location, with people at higher latitudes worrying more.
A reconsideration of natural dispersal distances of the pine pathogen Dothistroma septosporum
Authors: Mullett M. S. , Tubby K. V. , Webber J. F. , Brown A. V. 
Published: February 2016

The natural spread of Dothistroma septosporum, the causal agent of a foliar disease of pines, was investigated at three sites in the south of England using trap plants. The pathogen is considered to be primarily rain‐splash dispersed, but this study shows that it can be spread many hundreds of metres from an inoculum source, demonstrating that dispersal is not solely via rain splash. The maximum distance the pathogen was recorded from any infection source was in excess of 1400 m, over five times the distance defined in the only previous work of this kind. Consequently, a reassessment of forest and production nursery management practices is called for, as these assume that the pathogen only spreads naturally over limited distances. Detection of the pathogen on trap plants over 100 m from the inoculum source was, in most cases, only possible using quantitative real‐time PCR diagnosis. The entire diagnostic procedure, from DNA extraction to amplification, was able to detect a minimum of approximately 17 D. septosporum cells in a pine needle sample, assuming only a moderate DNA extraction efficiency of 30%.
Legal Speech and Implicit Content in the Law
Authors: Hunt Luke William 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInterpreting the content of the law is not limited to what a relevant lawmaker utters. This paper examines the extent to which implied and implicit content is part of the law, and specifically whether the Gricean concept of conversational implicature is relevant in determining the content of law. Recent work has focused on how this question relates to acts of legislation. This paper extends the analysis to case law and departs from the literature on several key issues. The paper's argument is based upon two points: (1) Precedent‐setting judicial opinions may consist of multiple conversations, of which some entail opposing implicata, and (2) if a particular precedent‐setting judicial opinion consists of multiple conversations, of which some entail opposing implicata, then no meaningful conversational implicatum is part of the content of that particular precedent‐setting opinion. Nevertheless, the paper's conclusion leaves open the prospect of gleaning something in between conversational implicature and what is literally said, namely, conversational impliciture.
A Note on the Large Sample Properties of Estimators Based on Generalized Linear Models for Correlated Pseudo‐observations
Authors: Jacobsen Martin , Martinussen Torben 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPseudo‐values have proven very useful in censored data analysis in complex settings such as multi‐state models. It was originally suggested by Andersen et al., Biometrika, 90, 2003, 335 who also suggested to estimate standard errors using classical generalized estimating equation results. These results were studied more formally in Graw et al., Lifetime Data Anal., 15, 2009, 241 that derived some key results based on a second‐order von Mises expansion. However, results concerning large sample properties of estimates based on regression models for pseudo‐values still seem unclear. In this paper, we study these large sample properties in the simple setting of survival probabilities and show that the estimating function can be written as a U‐statistic of second order giving rise to an additional term that does not vanish asymptotically. We further show that previously advocated standard error estimates will typically be too large, although in many practical applications the difference will be of minor importance. We show how to estimate correctly the variability of the estimator. This is further studied in some simulation studies.
Association of rs6822844 within the KIAA1109/TENR/IL2/IL21 locus with rheumatoid arthritis in the Algerian population
Authors: Louahchi S. , Allam I. , Raaf N. , Berkani L. , Boucharef A. , Abdessemed A. , Khaldoun N. , Bahaz N. , Ladjouze‐Rezig A. , Nebbab A. , Ghaffor M. , Djidjik R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that the rs6822844, within KIAA1109/TENR/IL2/IL21 gene cluster on 4q27, is strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Caucasian population. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible association between the SNP rs6822844 and susceptibility to RA in the Algerian Maghreb population, and to explore the association with the clinical and immunological features of RA. The polymorphism rs6822844 was genotyped in 323 RA patients and 323 healthy individuals using the TaqMan assay. A strong association of IL2/IL21 with RA susceptibility was detected in the Algerian population [odds ratio (OR) = 2.57 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74–3.83), P = 10−4]. Our results revealed that IL2/IL21 predisposed to disease development in both autoantibody positive and negative disease. Meanwhile, the association was stronger in RA patients with anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptides (ACPA) positive than those with ACPA negative [OR = 2.30 (95% CI 1.53–3.51), P = 10−4 and OR = 1.98 (95% CI 1.01–4.22), P = 0.037, respectively]. Moreover, our findings showed a moderate association of the rs6822844 polymorphism with disease activity (P = 0.014). This study indicates for the first time that there is a strong association between IL2/IL21 rs6822844 variant and susceptibility to RA in the Algerian population, and that this association was independent from the autoantibodies status of RA patients.
Exanthem subitum (human herpesvirus‐6 reactivation) after autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Schlaweck S. , Brägelmann J. , Brossart P. , Mayer K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present the case of a 62‐year‐old man treated with high‐dose chemotherapy and consecutive autologous stem cell transplantation for mantle cell lymphoma, who developed high fever and a rash of the trunk and both axillae 10 days after stem cell transplantation.
Intrarenal abscess caused by community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a transplanted kidney
Authors: Cheung C.Y. , Chan S.Y. , Yeung C.S. , Kwok P.C. , Chak W.L. , Wu T.C. , Chau K.F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEmergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria is important in solid organ transplant recipients, because it can jeopardize patient and graft survival. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are not rare in kidney transplant recipients. On the other hand, infections related to community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA) strains are seldom reported in the literature. Herein, we report the first patient, to our knowledge, with CA‐MRSA renal graft abscess who was successfully treated with drainage and parenteral antibiotics.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of adenovirus infection of the urinary tract after renal transplantation
Authors: Nanmoku K. , Ishikawa N. , Kurosawa A. , Shimizu T. , Kimura T. , Miki A. , Sakuma Y. , Yagisawa T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundUrinary tract infection caused by human adenovirus (HAdV) after renal transplantation (RT) results in graft loss because of concomitant nephropathy and acute rejection and may result in death because of systemic dissemination.MethodsWe assessed the time period between RT and disease onset, symptoms, treatment details, disease duration, renal graft function, outcomes, and complications.ResultsHAdV infection of the urinary tract occurred in 8 of 170 renal transplant recipients. Symptoms were macrohematuria in all 8 patients, dysuria in 7, and fever in 5. The median period from RT to disease onset was 367 (range, 7–1763) days, and the median disease duration was 15 (range, 8–42) days. The mean serum creatinine (sCr) level prior to onset was 1.35 ± 0.48 mg/dL and the mean maximum sCr level during disease was 2.34 ± 1.95 mg/dL. These values were increased by ≥25% in 5 patients. The mean sCr levels when symptoms resolved was 1.54 ± 0.67 mg/dL, and no significant difference was seen before, during, or after disease onset (P = 0.069). Two patients were diagnosed with HAdV viremia and 1 with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis revealed on biopsy. In addition to a reduction in immunosuppressant dosage, 2 patients received gammaglobulins and 5 received ganciclovir.ConclusionSymptoms of all patients were alleviated, although some patients developed nephritis or viremia. Hence, the possibility of exacerbation should always be considered. Adequate follow‐up observation should be conducted, and diligent and aggressive therapeutic intervention is required to prevent the condition from worsening.
Blood donors in Iceland: a nationwide population‐based study from 2005 to 2013
Authors: Jóhannsdóttir Vigdís , Gudmundsson Sveinn , Möller Eðvald , Aspelund Thor , Zoëga Helga 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDDemographic information of blood donors is important to formulate strategies for recruitment and maintenance of the donor group. Factors like aging population, increasingly advanced medical treatments, and growing safety initiatives to protect donors and recipients of blood components are likely to affect the size of the donor group in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the size of the donor group in Iceland and describe the demographic and donation characteristics.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe size of the Icelandic donor group was determined and the demographic and donation characteristics described, particularly of all newly registered and whole blood donors in the country from 2005 to 2013.RESULTSOverall the prevalence of whole blood donors per population decreased by 24.2% between 2005 and 2013 or by 3.4% per year. Females and males were almost equally represented as newly registered donors (44.7%/55.3%) but males were better represented as whole blood donors (26.7%/73.3%). Only 57.5% of newly registered donors in 2005 to 2006 returned to donate blood in the period 2005‐2013.CONCLUSIONIn parallel with a period of decreased demand for red blood cells, the number of whole blood donors and donations declined in Iceland between 2005 and 2013 but still with adequate supply. A smaller retention among females than males gives the opportunity to focus on increasing the share of women among regular blood donors. Strategic work toward effective recruitment and retention of newly registered donors is needed to ensure a sufficiently large group of blood donors in Iceland in the near future.