bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costs and benefits of interlarval cannibalism in Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Reznik S. Y. , Ovchinnikov A. N. , Ovchinnikova A. A. , Belyakova N. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCannibalism, which is rather common in ladybirds, has been usually studied at the individual level: benefits of cannibalism for cannibals were estimated. Our study was conducted at the group level: we evaluated the overall effect of interlarval cannibalism on a group of Harmonia axyridis larvae of the fourth instar deprived of food, including both cannibals and their victims. Experiments showed that the probability of pupation in larvae which were kept individually was significantly higher than in larvae kept in groups of five, other conditions being the same. The proportion of samples in which at least one of five individuals pupated among the larvae kept individually was also higher than among those kept in groups suggesting that the eventual benefit of cannibalism was outweighed by the negative impact of aggressive interlarval interactions. The mean and minimum survival time in samples where none of five larvae pupated were longer when larvae were kept individually than when larvae were kept in groups. However, the maximum survival time (the survival time of the last larva in a sample) increased when larvae were kept in groups, which was the only one benefit of cannibalism found in our study. Under natural conditions, the possible adaptive value of this effect is that in the absence of natural prey, longer larval survival time proportionally increases the possibility of finding a new prey patch thereby ensuring survival of the population.
Has evidence‐based medicine ever been modern? A Latour‐inspired understanding of a changingEBM
Authors: Wieringa Sietse , Engebretsen Eivind , Heggen Kristin , Greenhalgh Trish 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEvidence‐based health care (EBHC), previously evidence‐based medicine (EBM), is considered by many to have modernized health care and brought it from an authority‐based past to a more rationalist, scientific grounding. But recent concerns and criticisms pose serious challenges and urge us to look at the fundamentals of a changing EBHC.In this paper, we present French philosopher Bruno Latour's vision on modernity as a framework to discuss current changes in the discourse on EBHC/EBM. Drawing on Latour's work, we argue that the early EBM movement had a strong modernist agenda with an aim to “purify” clinical reality into a dichotomy of objective “evidence” from nature and subjective “preferences” from human society and culture.However, we argue that this shift has proved impossible to achieve in reality. Several recent developments appear to point to a demise of purified evidence in the EBHC discourse and a growing recognition—albeit implicit and undertheorized—that evidence in clinical decision making is relentlessly situated and contextual. The unique, individual patient, not abstracted truths from distant research studies, must be the starting point for clinical practice. It follows that the EBHC community needs to reconsider the assumption that science should be abstracted from culture and acknowledge that knowledge from human culture and nature both need translation and interpretation. The implications for clinical reasoning are far reaching. We offer some preliminary principles for conceptualizing EBHC as a “situated practice” rather than as a sequence of research‐driven abstract decisions.
When the Kids Live at Home: Coresidence, Parental Assets, and Economic Insecurity
Authors: Maroto Michelle 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study uses National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort data from 1994 through 2012 (N = 16,108 person‐years, 4,671 individuals) to investigate how coresidence with adult children influences asset levels among parents. It applies hybrid mixed effects regression models that partition between‐ and within‐person variation to estimate parental savings and financial assets over time and across different households. The results suggest that coresidence with adult children led to decreases in parental assets and savings. In the years in which their children lived at home, parents held 24% less in financial assets and 23% less in savings when compared with the years when adult children were not present. By expanding previous research that shows a relationship between increasing economic insecurity, limited wealth, and the rise in coresidence among young adults, this study also offers broader implications for the interconnectivity of financial hardship across generations.
Arab‐Levantine personality structure: A psycholexical study of modern standard Arabic in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and the West Bank
Authors: Zeinoun Pia , Daouk‐Öyry Lina , Choueiri Lina , van de Vijver Fons J. R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe debate of whether personality traits are universal or culture‐specific has been informed by psycholexical (or lexical) studies conducted in tens of languages and cultures. We contribute to this debate through a series of studies in which we investigated personality descriptors in Modern Standard Arabic, the variety of Arabic that is presumably common to about 26 countries and native to more than 200 million people.MethodWe identified an appropriate source of personality descriptors, extracted them, and systematically reduced them to 167 personality traits that are common, are not redundant with each other, and are familiar and commonly understood in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and the West Bank (Palestinian territories).ResultsWe then analyzed self‐ and peer ratings (N = 806) and identified a six‐factor solution comprising Morality (I), Conscientiousness (II), Positive Emotionality (III), Dominance (IV), Agreeableness/Righteousness (V), and Emotional Stability (VI) without replicating an Openness factor.ConclusionsThe factors were narrower or broader variants of factors found in the Big Five and HEXACO models. Conceptual and methodological considerations may have impacted the factor structure.
Ratings of affective and interpersonal tendencies differ for grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A replication and extension of Gore and Widiger (2016)
Authors: Hyatt Courtland S. , Sleep Chelsea E. , Lynam Donald R. , Widiger Thomas A. , Campbell W. Keith , Miller Joshua D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTheoretical conceptions of narcissism have long been characterized by two seemingly opposing poles: grandiosity and vulnerability. The goal of the current study was to investigate the extent to which traits associated with one profile are perceived to co‐occur with the other within an individual.MethodLay raters (N = 862; 56% female; 80% Caucasian; Mage = 37) recruited from Amazon's MTurk were assigned to one of four conditions in which they rated how often a series of narcissistic traits were displayed by a prototypical grandiose narcissist, a vulnerable narcissist, a close friend, or themselves. Vulnerable narcissism items were specifically worded to assess internalizing‐ versus externalizing‐based emotional responses.ResultsResults suggest that grandiosely narcissistic individuals are seen as responding angrily to ego‐threatening situations, whereas vulnerably narcissistic individuals are seen as responding with a broader array of negative emotions, including anger, sadness, and shame. In contrast, vulnerably narcissistic individuals were not rated as consistently demonstrating behaviors, attitudes, or cognitions associated with grandiose narcissism.ConclusionsGrandiose and vulnerable narcissistic individuals both exhibit anger in response to ego threat, but sadness/shame responses are more characteristic of vulnerable narcissism.
Entry into working life: Internal migration and the job match quality of higher‐educated graduates
Authors: Venhorst Viktor A. , Cörvers Frank 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe estimate the impact of internal migration on job‐match quality for recent Dutch university and college graduates. We find positive yet modest wage returns. After controlling for the self‐selection of migrants with an IV approach, this effect is no longer significant for university graduates and all graduates from peripheral areas. We also find that, for our alternative job‐match measures, where there is evidence of migrant self‐selection, controlling for self‐selection strongly reduces the effect of internal migration on job‐match quality. In some cases, the returns on internal migration are found to be negative, which may signal forced migration.
A new high‐precision40Ar/39Ar age for the Rochechouart impact structure: At least 5 Ma older than the Triassic–Jurassic boundary
Authors: Cohen Benjamin E. , Mark Darren F. , Lee Martin R. , Simpson Sarah L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Rochechourt impact structure in south‐central France, with maximum diameter of 40–50 km, has previously been dated to within 1% uncertainty of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary, at which time ~30% of global genera became extinct. To evaluate the temporal relationship between the impact and the Triassic–Jurassic boundary at high precision, we have re‐examined the structure's age using multicollectorARGUS‐V40Ar/39Ar mass spectrometry. Results from four aliquots of impact melt are highly reproducible, and yield an age of 206.92 ± 0.20/0.32 Ma (2σ, full analytical/external uncertainties). Thus, the Rochechouart impact structure predates the Triassic–Jurassic boundary by 5.6 ± 0.4 Ma and so is not temporally linked to the mass extinction. Rochechouart has formerly been proposed to be part of a multiple impact event, but when compared with new ages from the other purported “paired” structures, the results provide no evidence for synchronous impacts in the Late Triassic. The widespread Central Atlantic Magmatic Province flood basalts remain the most likely cause of the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction.
Sovereign ratings, macroeconomic dynamics, and fiscal policy. Interactions within a stock flow consistent framework
Authors: Ioannou Stefanos 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOperating in the context of deregulated financial markets, credit rating agencies do not only ‘provide an opinion’, but also affect macroeconomic dynamics. By utilizing a two‐country stock flow consistent model that provides a representation of the Eurozone, the paper connects the movements of sovereign ratings with the dynamics of the financial market and the constraints on fiscal policy. With endogenous fiscal expenditure and an endogenous credit rating mechanism the model shows how following a recessionary shock, a rating downgrade can influence the financial constraints that surround a government, pushing it toward fiscal austerity and thereby deepening the already ongoing recession.
Lymph node effective vascular permeability and chemotherapy uptake
Authors: Meijer Eelco F. J. , Blatter Cedric , Chen Ivy X. , Bouta Echoe , Jones Dennis , Pereira Ethel R. , Jung Keehoon , Vakoc Benjamin J. , Baish James W. , Padera Timothy P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveLymph node metastases are a poor prognostic factor. Additionally, responses of lymph node metastasis to therapy can be different from the primary tumor. Investigating the physiologic lymph node blood vasculature might give insight into the ability of systemic drugs to penetrate the lymph node, and thus into the differential effect of therapy between lymph node metastasis and primary tumors. Here, we measured effective vascular permeability of lymph node blood vessels and attempted to increase chemotherapy penetration by increasing effective vascular permeability.MethodsWe developed a novel three‐dimensional method to measure effective vascular permeability in murine lymph nodes in vivo. VEGF‐A was systemically administered to increase effective vascular permeability. Validated high‐performance liquid chromatography protocols were used to measure chemotherapeutic drug concentrations in untreated and VEGF‐A‐treated lymph nodes, liver, spleen, brain, and blood.ResultsVEGF‐A‐treated lymph node blood vessel effective vascular permeability (mean 3.83 × 10−7 cm/s) was significantly higher than untreated lymph nodes (mean 9.87 × 10−8 cm/s). No difference was found in lymph node drug accumulation in untreated versus VEGF‐A‐treated mice.ConclusionsLymph node effective vascular permeability can be increased (~fourfold) by VEGF‐A. However, no significant increase in chemotherapy uptake was measured by pretreatment with VEGF‐A.
Blood pressure normalization via pharmacotherapy improves cutaneous microvascular function through NO‐dependent and NO‐independent mechanisms
Authors: Craighead Daniel H. , Smith Caroline J. , Alexander Lacy M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling.ObjectiveTo assess effects of antihypertensive pharmacotherapy on eNOS‐ and iNOS‐dependent mechanisms and maximal vasodilator capacity in the cutaneous microvasculature.MethodsIntradermal microdialysis fibers were placed in 15 normotensive (SBP 111±2 mm Hg), 12 unmedicated hypertensive (SBP 142±2 mm Hg), and 12 medicated hypertensive (SBP 120±2 mm Hg) subjects. Treatments were control, iNOS‐inhibited (1400w), and NOS‐inhibited (l‐NAME). Red cell flux, measured during local heating (42°C) and ACh dose‐response protocols, was normalized to CVC (flux MAP−1) and a percentage of maximal vasodilation (%CVCmax).ResultsCompared to normotensives, ACh‐mediated vasodilation was attenuated in the hypertensive (P<.001), but not in medicated subjects (P=.83). NOS inhibition attenuated ACh‐mediated vasodilation in normotensives compared to hypertensive (P<.001) and medicated (P<.001) subjects. With iNOS inhibition, there was no difference in ACh‐mediated vasodilation between groups. Compared to the normotensives, local heat‐induced vasodilation was attenuated in the hypertensives (P<.001), but iNOS inhibition augmented vasodilation in the hypertensives so this attenuation was abolished (P=.31). Compared to normotensives, maximal vasodilator capacity was reduced in the hypertensive (P=.014) and medicated subjects (P=.004).ConclusionsIn the cutaneous microvasculature, antihypertensive pharmacotherapy improved endothelial function through NO‐dependent and NO‐independent mechanisms, but did not improve maximal vasodilator capacity.
TetR‐dependent gene regulation in intracellular Listeria monocytogenes demonstrates the spatiotemporal surface distribution of ActA
Authors: Schmitter Sibylle , Fieseler Lars , Klumpp Jochen , Bertram Ralph , Loessner Martin J. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryTo enable specific and tightly controlled gene expression both in vitro and during the intracellular lifecycle of the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, a TetR‐dependent genetic induction system was developed. Highest concentration of cytoplasmic TetR and best repression of tetO‐controlled genes was obtained by tetR expression from the synthetic promoter Pt17. Anhydrotetracycline (ATc) as inducer permitted concentration‐dependent, fine‐tuned expression of genes under control of the tetO operator and a suitable promoter. The actin‐polymerizing ActA protein represents a major virulence factor of L. monocytogenes, required for actin‐based motility and cell‐to‐cell spread in infected host cells. To be able to observe its spatial and temporal distribution on intracellular L. monocytogenes cells, conditional mutants featuring actA placed under TetR control were used to infect PtK2 epithelial cells. Following induction at different time intervals, the subsequent recruitment of actin by L. monocytogenes could be monitored. We found that cells displayed functional ActA after approximately 15 min, while formation of polarized actin tail was complete after 90–120 min. At this point, intracellular motility of the induced mutants was indistinguishable from wild‐type bacteria. Interestingly, de novo ActA synthesis in intracellular Listeria also demonstrated the temporal, asymmetric redistribution of the membrane‐anchored proteins from the lateral walls toward the cell poles.
NmeA, a novel efflux transporter specific for nucleobases and nucleosides, contributes to metal resistance in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Balaska Sofia , Myrianthopoulos Vassilios , Tselika Martha , Hatzinikolaou Dimitris G. , Mikros Emmanuel , Diallinas George 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThrough Minos transposon mutagenesis we obtained A. nidulans mutants resistant to 5‐fluorouracil due to insertions into the upstream region of the uncharacterized gene nmeA, encoding a Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) transporter. Minos transpositions increased nmeA transcription, which is otherwise extremely low under all conditions tested. To dissect the function of NmeA we used strains overexpressing or genetically lacking the nmeA gene. Strains overexpressing NmeA are resistant to toxic purine analogues, but also, to cadmium, zinc and borate, whereas an isogenic nmeAΔ null mutant exhibits increased sensitivity to these compounds. We provide direct evidence that nmeA overexpression leads to efflux of adenine, xanthine, uric acid and allantoin, the latter two being intermediate metabolites of purine catabolism that are toxic when accumulated cytoplasmically due to relevant genetic lesions. By using a functional GFP‐tagged version we show that NmeA is a plasma membrane transporter. Homology modeling and docking approaches identified a single purine binding site and a tentative substrate translocation trajectory in NmeA. Orthologues of NmeA are present in all Aspergilli and other Eurotiomycetes, but are absent from other fungi or non‐fungal organisms. NmeA is thus the founding member of a new class of transporters essential for fungal success under specific toxic conditions.
Measuring Spot Variance Spillovers when (Co)variances are Time‐varying – The Case of Multivariate GARCH Models
Authors: Fengler Matthias R. , Herwartz Helmut 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe propose global and disaggregated spillover indices that allow us to assess variance and covariance spillovers, locally in time and conditionally on time‐t information. Key to our approach is the vector moving average representation of the half‐vectorized ‘squared’ multivariate GARCH process of the popular BEKK model. In an empirical application to a four‐dimensional system of broad asset classes (equity, fixed income, foreign exchange and commodities), we illustrate the new spillover indices at various levels of (dis)aggregation. Moreover, we demonstrate that they are informative of the value‐at‐risk violations of portfolios composed of the considered asset classes.
Engineering heat tolerance in potato by temperature‐dependent expression of a specific allele of HEAT‐SHOCK COGNATE 70
Authors: Trapero‐Mozos Almudena , Morris Wayne L. , Ducreux Laurence J. M. , McLean Karen , Stephens Jennifer , Torrance Lesley , Bryan Glenn J. , Hancock Robert D. , Taylor Mark A. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFor many commercial potato cultivars, tuber yield is optimal at average daytime temperatures in the range of 14–22 °C. Further rises in ambient temperature can reduce or completely inhibit potato tuber production, with damaging consequences for both producer and consumer. The aim of this study was to use a genetic screen based on a model tuberization assay to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with enhanced tuber yield. A candidate gene encoding HSc70 was identified within one of the three QTL intervals associated with elevated yield in a Phureja–Tuberosum hybrid diploid potato population (06H1). A particular HSc70 allelic variant was linked to elevated yield in the 06H1 progeny. Expression of this allelic variant was much higher than other alleles, particularly on exposure to moderately elevated temperature. Transient expression of this allele in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in significantly enhanced tolerance to elevated temperature. An TA repeat element was present in the promoter of this allele, but not in other HSc70 alleles identified in the population. Expression of the HSc70 allelic variant under its native promoter in the potato cultivar Desiree resulted in enhanced HSc70 expression at elevated temperature. This was reflected in greater tolerance to heat stress as determined by improved yield under moderately elevated temperature in a model nodal cutting tuberization system and in plants grown from stem cuttings. Our results identify HSc70 expression level as a significant factor influencing yield stability under moderately elevated temperature and identify specific allelic variants of HSc70 for the induction of thermotolerance via conventional introgression or molecular breeding approaches.
Score of Toxic Epidermal Necrosis Predicts the Outcomes of Pediatric Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Sorrell Jennifer , Anthony Lisa , Rademaker Alfred , Belknap Steven M. , Callahan Shields , West Dennis P. , Paller Amy S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesEpidermal necrolysis (Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis) includes immune‐mediated, life‐threatening inflammatory blistering disorders that can affect children. The Score of Toxic Epidermal Necrosis (SCORTEN) tool has accurately predicted the outcome of these disorders in adults but has not been tested in children.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review to compare the accuracy of the adult SCORTEN tool with that of two modifications tailored to children in predicting disease outcome.ResultsThe longer the patient's median length of hospital stay was, the higher the adult and two proposed pediatric SCORTENs were. In addition, all patients who died had SCORTENs greater than 4.ConclusionThe pediatric‐modified tools were not superior to the adult SCORTEN, which accurately predicted outcome.
Markers of enteral adaptation in pediatric short bowel syndrome
Authors: Chiba Masahiro , Sanada Yutaka , Toki Akira 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to ascertain if prospective determination of specific gut hormones and growth factors could predict bowel adaptation in children with short bowel syndrome (SBS).MethodsWe studied independence from parenteral nutrition (PN) as the short‐term result and discontinuation of enteral nutrition (EN) as the long‐term result from a retrospective chart review of seven patients with SBS, who were managed in the absence of growth retardation. The correlation between increased number of enteral feeds or enteral nutrients and fasting serum gastrin, glucagon‐like peptide 2 (GLP‐2), citrulline, and D‐amino acid oxidase (DAO) activity was analyzed. Five patients were weaned from PN, and two from EN.ResultsFasting serum gastrin was significantly higher and serum GLP‐2 lower in the PN‐dependent patients than in the patients weaned from EN. The upper limit of fasting serum gastrin for PN independence and for EN independence was 300 and 200 pg/mL, respectively. The lower limit of fasting serum citrulline for PN independence was 15 μmol/L. The relationship between serum citrulline and DAO and the course of bowel adaptation, however, was poor.ConclusionsSerum citrulline is a predictor of PN independence in children with SBS. Fasting serum gastrin and GLP‐2 are indicators for adaptation of the residual intestine, but this was a small study and further larger prospective trials are required to confirm these results.