bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time–space fractional governing equations of one‐dimensional unsteady open channel flow process: Numerical solution and exploration
Authors: Ercan Ali , Kavvas M. Levent 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough fractional integration and differentiation have found many applications in various fields of science, such as physics, finance, bioengineering, continuum mechanics, and hydrology, their engineering applications, especially in the field of fluid flow processes, are rather limited. In this study, a finite difference numerical approach is proposed to solve the time–space fractional governing equations of 1‐dimensional unsteady/non‐uniform open channel flow process. By numerical simulations, results of the proposed fractional governing equations of the open channel flow process were compared with those of the standard Saint‐Venant equations. Numerical simulations showed that flow discharge and water depth can exhibit heavier tails in downstream locations as space and time fractional derivative powers decrease from 1. The fractional governing equations under consideration are generalizations of the well‐known Saint‐Venant equations, which are written in the integer differentiation framework. The new governing equations in the fractional‐order differentiation framework have the capability of modelling nonlocal flow processes both in time and in space by taking the global correlations into consideration. Furthermore, the generalized flow process may possibly shed light on understanding the theory of the anomalous transport processes and observed heavy‐tailed distributions of particle displacements in transport processes.
LncRNA‐TP53TG1 Participated in the Stress Response Under Glucose Deprivation in Glioma
Authors: Chen Xin , Gao Yang , Li Deheng , Cao Yiqun , Hao Bin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTGliomas are the most common brain tumors of the center nervous system. And long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non‐protein coding transcripts, which have been considered as one type of gene expression regulator for cancer development. In this study, we investigated the role of lncRNA‐TP53TG1 in response to glucose deprivation in human gliomas. The expression levels of TP53TG1 in glioma tissues and cells were analyzed by qRT‐PCR. In addition, the influence of TP53TG1 on glucose metabolism related genes at the mRNA level during both high and low glucose treatment was detected by qRT‐PCR. MTT, clonogenicity assays, and flow cytometry were performed to detect the cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the migration of glioma cells was examined by Transwell assays. The expression of TP53TG1 was significantly higher in human glioma tissues or cell lines compared with normal brain tissue or NHA. Moreover, TP53TG1 and some tumor glucose metabolism related genes, such as GRP78, LDHA, and IDH1 were up‐regulated significantly in U87 and LN18 cells under glucose deprivation. In addition, knockdown of TP53TG1 decreased cell proliferation and migration and down‐regulated GRP78 and IDH1 expression levels and up‐regulated PKM2 levels in U87 cells under glucose deprivation. However, over‐expression of TP53TG1 showed the opposite tendency. Moreover, the effects of TP53TG1 were more remarkable in low glucose than that in high glucose. Our data showed that TP53TG1 under glucose deprivation may promote cell proliferation and migration by influencing the expression of glucose metabolism related genes in glioma. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4897–4904, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MiR‐377 Regulates Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Rats After Cerebral Ischemic Injury
Authors: Fan Yiling , Ding Shenghao , Sun Yameng , Zhao Bing , Pan Yaohua , Wan Jieqing 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIschemic stroke is the leading cause of disabilities worldwide. MicroRNA‐377 (miR‐377) plays important roles in ischemic injury. The present study focused on the mechanisms of miR‐377 in protecting ischemic brain injury in rats. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Primary rat microglial cells and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD). The concentrations of cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, TGF‐β, MMP2, COX2, and iNOS) in the culture medium were measured by specific ELISA. Tube formation assay was for the in vitro study of angiogenesis. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm whether VEGF and EGR2 were direct targets of miR‐377. The MCAO rats were intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of miR‐377 inhibitor to assess its protective effects in vivo. MiR‐377 levels were decreased in the rat brain tissues at 1, 3, and 7 d after MCAO. Both microglia cells and BMECs under OGD showed markedly lower expression levels of miR‐377 while higher expression levels of EGR2 and VEGF compared to those under normoxia conditions. Knockdown of miR‐377 inhibited microglial activation and the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines after OGD. Suppression of miR‐377 promoted the capillary‐like tube formation and cell proliferation and migration of BMECs. The anti‐inflammation effect of EGR2 and the angiogenesis effect of VEGF were regulated by miR‐377 after OGD. Inhibition of miR‐377 decreased cerebral infarct volume and suppressed cerebral inflammation but promoted angiogenesis in MCAO rats. Knockdown of miR‐377 lessened the ischemic brain injury through promoting angiogenesis and suppressing cerebral inflammation. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 327–337, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MiR‐133a‐3p Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Proliferation and Invasion by Suppressing COL1A1
Authors: He Baoxia , Lin Xiaozhen , Tian Fengqi , Yu Weijiang , Qiao Bin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of our study was to investigate the effects of miR‐133a‐3p on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by regulating gene COL1A1. OSCC tissues, adjacent tongue epithelial tissues, the immortalized oral epithelial cell line HIOEC, and OSCC cell lines (CAL‐27, TCA‐8113, SCC‐4, SCC‐9, and SCC‐15) were used in this research. Quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) was employed to determine the expression of miR‐133a‐3p and COL1A1. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot were applied to verify the binding relationship between miR‐133a‐3p and COL1A1. Functional assays were also conducted in this study, including CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis as well as Transwell assay. MiR‐133a‐3p was found low‐expressed both in OSCC tissues and cells lines compared with normal tissues and cell line, respectively, whereas COL1A1 was just the opposite. The over‐expression of miR‐133a‐3p or the down‐regulation of COL1A1 suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and mitosis of OSCC cells, whereas simultaneous down‐regulation of miR‐133a‐3p and up‐regulation of COL1A1 led to no significant alteration of cell activities. MiR‐133a‐3p could inhibit the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells through directly targeting COL1A1 and reducing its expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 338–346, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of El Niño/La Niña on tropical easterly jet stream during Asian summer monsoon season
Authors: Nithya K. , Manoj M. G. , Mohankumar K. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe influence of El Niño/La Niña on the upper‐tropospheric circulation pattern, especially on tropical easterly jet stream (TEJ) over the Asian summer monsoon region, has been studied using ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA) Interim Data for a period of 34 years (1980–2013). The TEJ shows distinctive features during El Niño and La Niña events. The intensity of the TEJ increases and it spreads horizontally and vertically during La Niña years, whereas it weakens and shrinks spatially in El Niño years. Walker circulation over the summer monsoon region shows strong easterlies in La Niña events accompanied with vertically enhanced zonal flow. Lower level (∼850 hPa) convergence as well as upper level (∼150 hPa) divergence is strong in La Niña events and a westward shift of divergence centre is also observed in these years. A strong (weak) anticyclonic flow at upper levels at about 150 hPa is prominent during La Niña (El Niño) years over the Tibetan region causing significant inter‐annual variability of the TEJ.
Use and Education of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound in Pediatric Emergency Medicine in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzayedi Abdullah Saad , Azizalrahman Amani A. , AlMadi Hamad A. , Althekair Ahmed M. , Blaivas Michael , Karakitsos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (US) is an emerging tool used by pediatric emergency physicians in the last decade. Currently in the Middle East, point‐of‐care US use and education are at an early stage, with no designed curriculum or guidelines for its implementation in pediatric emergency medicine (EM). The objective of this article is to describe the clinical and educational uses of point‐of‐care US among certified pediatric EM physicians.MethodsA 19‐question survey was sent to all certified pediatric emergency physicians and fellows in pediatric emergency fellowships in Saudi Arabia in February 2016. Reminders were sent weekly for 4 weeks.ResultsThe response rate was 84 of 88 (95%). Fifty‐one of 84 (61%) reported using point‐of‐care US. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma was the most frequent use of point‐of‐care US (37%), followed by procedures (19%). The most common barrier for not using point‐of‐care US was limited training (86%). The most preferred tool for point‐of‐care US teaching was courses by EM physicians. Currently, there is no specific curriculum designed for pediatric EM in the Middle East.ConclusionsDespite the multiple applications of point‐of‐care US in pediatric EM, its use is still limited. Formal point‐of‐care US training with bedside sessions and courses was the mort preferred method of education. A designed curriculum needs to be implemented in pediatric emergency fellowships in Saudi Arabia.
Polymeric Tubular Aromatic Amide Helices
Authors: Zhang Dan‐Wei , Wang Hui , Li Zhan‐Ting 
Published: June 2017

Conjugated polymers may be induced by intra‐ and/or intermolecular non‐covalent forces to fold into helical conformations. Helices formed by aromatic amide, hydrazide, and urea polymers possess a well‐organized cavity and depth, which is defined by their degree of polymerization. Driving forces may be intramolecular hydrogen bonding and/or solvophobicity, or guest induction. The resulting long helices represent a new class of unimacromolecular dynamic tubular architectures that exhibit unique properties or functions in, for example, molecular recognition, chirality transfer, and ion transporting. The recent advances are highlighted here.
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Technical Note: Validation of two methods to determine contact area between breast and compression paddle in mammography
Authors: Branderhorst Woutjan , de Groot Jerry E. , van Lier Monique G.J.T.B. , Highnam Ralph P. , den Heeten Gerard J. , Grimbergen Cornelis A. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo assess the accuracy of two methods of determining the contact area between the compression paddle and the breast in mammography. An accurate method to determine the contact area is essential to accurately calculate the average compression pressure applied by the paddle.MethodsFor a set of 300 breast compressions, we measured the contact areas between breast and paddle, both capacitively using a transparent foil with indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) coating attached to the paddle, and retrospectively from the obtained mammograms using image processing software (Volpara Enterprise, algorithm version 1.5.2). A gold standard was obtained from video images of the compressed breast. During each compression, the breast was illuminated from the sides in order to create a dark shadow on the video image where the breast was in contact with the compression paddle. We manually segmented the shadows captured at the time of x‐ray exposure and measured their areas.ResultsWe found a strong correlation between the manual segmentations and the capacitive measurements [r = 0.989, 95% CI (0.987, 0.992)] and between the manual segmentations and the image processing software [r = 0.978, 95% CI (0.972, 0.982)]. Bland–Altman analysis showed a bias of −0.0038 dm2 for the capacitive measurement (SD 0.0658, 95% limits of agreement [−0.1329, 0.1252]) and −0.0035 dm2 for the image processing software [SD 0.0962, 95% limits of agreement (−0.1921, 0.1850)].ConclusionsThe size of the contact area between the paddle and the breast can be determined accurately and precisely, both in real‐time using the capacitive method, and retrospectively using image processing software. This result is beneficial for scientific research, data analysis and quality control systems that depend on one of these two methods for determining the average pressure on the breast during mammographic compression.
Metronomic treatment in immunocompetent preclinical GL261 glioblastoma: effects of cyclophosphamide and temozolomide
Authors: Ferrer‐Font Laura , Arias‐Ramos Nuria , Lope‐Piedrafita Silvia , Julià‐Sapé Margarida , Pumarola Martí , Arús Carles , Candiota Ana Paula 
Published: June 2017

Glioblastoma (GBM) causes poor survival in patients even when applying aggressive treatment. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard chemotherapeutic choice for GBM treatment, but resistance always ensues. In previous years, efforts have focused on new therapeutic regimens with conventional drugs to activate immune responses that may enhance tumor regression and prevent regrowth, for example the “metronomic” approaches. In metronomic scheduling studies, cyclophosphamide (CPA) in GL261 GBM growing subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mice was shown not only to activate antitumor CD8+ T‐cell response, but also to induce long‐term specific T‐cell tumor memory.Accordingly, we have evaluated whether metronomic CPA or TMZ administration could increase survival in orthotopic GL261 in C57BL/6 mice, an immunocompetent model. Longitudinal in vivo studies with CPA (140 mg/kg) or TMZ (range 140–240 mg/kg) metronomic administration (every 6 days) were performed in tumor‐bearing mice. Tumor evolution was monitored at 7 T with MRI (T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted imaging) and MRSI‐based nosological images of response to therapy. Obtained results demonstrated that both treatments resulted in increased survival (38.6 ± 21.0 days, n = 30) compared with control (19.4 ± 2.4 days, n = 18). Best results were obtained with 140 mg/kg TMZ (treated, 44.9 ± 29.0 days, n = 12, versus control, 19.3 ± 2.3 days, n = 12), achieving a longer survival rate than previous group work using three cycles of TMZ therapy at 60 mg/kg (33.9 ± 11.7 days, n = 38). Additional interesting findings were, first, clear edema appearance during chemotherapeutic treatment, second, the ability to apply the semi‐supervised source analysis previously developed in our group for non‐invasive TMZ therapy response monitoring to detect CPA‐induced response, and third, the necropsy findings in mice cured from GBM after high TMZ cumulative dosage (980–1400 mg/kg), which demonstrated lymphoma incidence. In summary, every 6 day administration schedule of TMZ or CPA improves survival in orthotopic GL261 GBM with respect to controls or non‐metronomic therapy, in partial agreement with previous work on subcutaneous GL261.
Application traffic classification using payload size sequence signature
Authors: Shim Kyu‐Seok , Ham Jae‐Hyun , Sija Baraka D. , Kim Myung‐Sup 
Published: June 2017

SummaryRecently, network traffic has become more complex and diverse because of the emergence of new applications and services. Therefore, the importance of application‐level traffic classification is increasing rapidly, and it has become a very popular research area. Although a lot of methods for traffic classification have been introduced in literature, they have some limitations to achieve an acceptable level of performance in real‐time application‐level traffic classification. In this paper, we propose a novel application‐level traffic classification method using payload size sequence signature. The proposed method generates unique payload size sequence signatures for each application using packet order, direction, and payload size of the first N packets in a flow and uses them to identify application traffic. The evaluation shows that this method can classify application traffic easily and quickly with high accuracy and completeness rates, over 99.93% and 93.45%, respectively. Furthermore, the method can classify each application traffic into its respective individual application. The evaluation shows that the method can classify all applications traffic, known and unknown (new) applications into their respective applications, and it can classify applications traffic that use the same application protocol or are encrypted into each other.
Phase I monitoring with nonparametric mixed‐effect models
Authors: Rajabi Marjan , Faridrohani Mohammad Reza , Chenouri Shojaeddin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn many real‐life applications, the quality of products from a process is monitored by a functional relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables. In these applications, methodologies of profile monitoring are used to check the stability of this relationship over time. In phase I of profile monitoring, historical data points that can be represented by curves (or profiles) are collected. In this article, 2 procedures are proposed for detecting outlying profiles in phase I data, by incorporating the local linear kernel smoothing within the framework of nonparametric mixed‐effect models. We introduce a stepwise algorithm on the basis of the multiple testing viewpoint. Our simulation results for various linear and nonlinear profiles display the superior efficiency of our proposed monitoring procedures over some existing techniques in the literature. To illustrate the implementation of the proposed methods in phase I profile monitoring, we apply the methods on a vertical density profile dataset.
Stability analysis and stabilization of Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delay and uncertain transition information
Authors: Li Zhicheng , Xu Yinliang , Fei Zhongyang , Huang Hong , Misra Satyajayant 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe paper investigates the problems of stability and stabilization of Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delays and uncertain transition rates matrix. First, the stochastic scaled small‐gain theorem is introduced to analyze the stability of the Markovian jump system. Then, a new stability criterion is proposed by using a new Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional combined with Wirtinger‐based integral inequality. The proposed stability condition is demonstrated to be less conservative than other existing results. The merit of the proposed approach lies in its reduced conservatism, which is made possible by a new precise triangle inequality and a new Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional. Moreover, a controller design criterion is presented according to the stability criterion. Furthermore, the transition rate matrix is treated as partially known and with uncertainty, and the relevant stability and stabilization criteria are proposed. Finally, 3 numerical examples are provided to illustrate the superior result of the stability criteria and the effectiveness of the proposed controller design method.
The modified indeterminate couple stress model: Why Yang et al.'s arguments motivating a symmetric couple stress tensor contain a gap and why the couple stress tensor may be chosen symmetric nevertheless
Authors: Münch Ingo , Neff Patrizio , Madeo Angela , Ghiba Ionel‐Dumitrel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe show that the reasoning in favor of a symmetric couple stress tensor in Yang et al.'s introduction of the modified couple stress theory contains a gap, but we present a reasonable physical hypothesis, implying that the couple stress tensor is traceless and may be symmetric anyway. To this aim, the origin of couple stress is discussed on the basis of certain properties of the total stress itself. In contrast to classical continuum mechanics, the balance of linear momentum and the balance of angular momentum are formulated at an infinitesimal cube considering the total stress as linear and quadratic approximation of a spatial Taylor series expansion.
Familial liability to psychosis is a risk factor for multimorbidity in people with psychotic disorders and their unaffected siblings
Authors: Islam M.A. , Khan M.F.H. , Quee P.J. , Snieder H. , van den Heuvel E.R. , Bruggeman R. , Alizadeh B.Z. ,   GROUP Investigators, van Beveren N.J. , Cahn W. , de Haan L. , Delespaul P. , Meijer C.J. , Myin-Germeys I. , Kahn R.S. , Schirmbeck F. , Simons C.J.P. , van Haren N.E. , van Os J. , van Winkel R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground:Multimorbidity may impose an overwhelming burden on patients with psychosis and is affected by gender and age. Our aim is to study the independent role of familial liability to psychosis as a risk factor for multimorbidity.Methods:We performed the study within the framework of the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) project. Overall, we compared 1024 psychotic patients, 994 unaffected siblings and 566 controls on the prevalence of 125 lifetime diseases, and 19 self-reported somatic complaints. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more complaints/diseases in the same individual. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) were used to investigate the effects of gender, age (adolescent, young, older) and familial liability (patients, siblings, controls) and their interactions on multimorbidity.Results:Familial liability had a significant effect on multimorbidity of either complaints or diseases. Patients had a higher prevalence of multimorbidity of complaints compared to siblings (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.79–2.69, P < 0.001) and to controls (3.05, 2.35–3.96, P < 0.001). In physical health multimorbidity, patients (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05–1.75, P = 0.018), but not siblings, had significantly higher prevalence than controls. Similar finding were observed for multimorbidity of lifetime diseases, including psychiatric diseases. Significant results were observed for complaints and disease multimorbidity across gender and age groups.Conclusion:Multimorbidity is a common burden, significantly more prevalent in patients and their unaffected siblings. Familial liability to psychosis showed an independent effect on multimorbidity; gender and age are also important factors determining multimorbidity.
The effect of cranioplasty in cognitive and functional improvement: Experience of post traumatic brain injury inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Su Jyong‐Huei , Wu Yu‐Hsin , Guo Nai‐Wen , Huang Ching‐Fen , Li Cyuan‐Fong , Chen Chia‐Hsin , Huang Mao‐Hsiung 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo investigate the effect of cranioplasty on rehabilitation of post‐traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, 37 patients with TBI were arranged by retrospectively assessment study. Those TBI patients receiving in‐hospital rehabilitation in the Department of Rehabilitation in a medical center of South Taiwan from 2010 to 2015 were assigned into two groups: A and B. All patients entered the multidisciplinary holistic in‐patient rehabilitation training for about 1 month. Patients in Group A received decompressive craniectomy (DC), patients in Group B received DC and cranioplasty. All assessments were arranged right on admission and before discharge. The functional activity evaluation included muscle power and Barthel index (BI), and cognitive function evaluation, including the Rancho Los Amigo Scale, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Community Mental State Examination (CMSE), and the Luria‐Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery‐Screening Test Short Form (LNNBS). The results showed that there were synergetic effects of cranioplasty on post‐TBI patients with rehabilitation training, especially in the BI score, and cognitive improvement in CMSE and LNNBS.