bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practice of Women With HIV on Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control and their Attributes to Utilize the Screening Services in Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Bogale Agajie Likie , Ali Jemal Haidar , Sherif Zaki A. 
Published: September 2024

Background Previous studies underscore the crucial link between awareness and timely cervical cancer screening and treatment, particularly among women of reproductive age. Yet, insights remain limited when it comes to women living with HIV in Addis Ababa. This study examined the knowledge and practices of these women regarding cervical cancer screening and treatment, illuminating the factors that both enable and hinder their uptake. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in six public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, involving 578 women with HIV. The recruitment spanned 10 months, from January 1st to October 31st, 2021. Trained clinicians utilized the Open Data Kit for data collection, ensuring real-time submission to the server. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive and inferential statistics. The logistic regression model identified predictors of outcome variables, and open-ended questions were thematically narrated for qualitative insights. Results A notable 51.2% of women with HIV exhibited inadequate knowledge regarding cervical cancer prevention and control programs. Furthermore, a substantial 68.5% had never undergone cervical examination, citing reasons such as considering themselves healthy (49.6%), perceiving the examination as painful (28.4%), and feeling shy to undergo screening (23.3%). Notably, participants with non-formal education were 70% less likely to possess knowledge about cervical cancer prevention and control (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.13-0.71). Income emerged as an independent predictor for both knowledge and practice in women’s approach to cervical cancer prevention and control ( P < 0.05). Additionally, occupation and duration of HIV diagnosis independently predicted practice, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion Half of the participating HIV-positive women lacked adequate awareness about cervical cancer prevention and control, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive awareness initiatives tailored to this population. Relevant ministries, health care providers, and advocacy groups must collaborate to implement targeted education programs, utilizing diverse channels like community outreach, health care settings, and media campaigns.
DDR1 is a Novel Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target for the Combination Treatment of Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Tianxing , Hu Hao , Song Yuhao , Shi Yihai , Hu Dingtao , Shen Weifeng , Ning Beifang 
Published: September 2024

Aim This study aimed to investigate the role of discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (DDR1) in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and to evaluate its prognostic value on patient response to combination therapy. Methods In the current retrospective study, we examined the protein expression of DDR1 in various cancers by standard immunohistochemical (IHC) methods and evaluated its clinical significance in LIHC personalized treatment. Multiple online databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), TIMER, GEO, ROC Plotter, and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), were used. Results DDR1 protein expression was higher in LIHC than in other nine examined cancer types. Additionally, DDR1 exhibited higher expression levels in adjacent normal tissues compared to HBs-positive LIHC tissues. Analysis at single-cell resolution revealed that DDR1 was expressed primarily in epithelial cells but not in stromal and immune cells, and DDR1 expression was lower in HBs-positive LIHC cells in comparison with normal hepatocytes. Correlation of DDR1 upregulation and sorafenib resistance was observed in the patient cohort. Moreover, DDR1 expression positively correlated with the expression of inflammatory response-related genes, ECM-related genes, and collagen formation-related genes, but negatively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells in LIHC. Conclusions Our findings suggest that DDR1 expression might be induced by collagen production-related cellular events involved in liver injury and repair, and that DDR1 overexpression might contribute to the resistance to LIHC targeted therapy and immunotherapy, highlighting DDR1 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
Correlation Between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Risk Stratification Indicators and Thrombus Burden in Patients with Moderate-to-High Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism, and Changes After Treatment
Authors: Gao Xiaojie , Chen Huang , Huang Zhongjie , Lin Jianxiong , Huang Jinqi , Chen Qihong 
Published: September 2024

Objective To investigate the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and risk stratification indicators as well as thrombus burden in patients with moderate-to-high risk acute pulmonary embolism (APE), and to assess the changes in these parameters following interventional therapy. Methods This study retrospectively included patients with moderate-to-high risk APE who were admitted to the Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery at Putian First Hospital from May 2020 to May 2024. All patients received anticoagulation therapy, pulmonary artery catheter-directed thrombolysis, and/or mechanical thrombectomy. Patients were further divided into subgroup A if they did not present with any of the following conditions at admission: a) acute inflammatory diseases (including lung infections); b) malignant tumors; c) history of trauma or surgery within the past 2 months. Patients with any of the aforementioned conditions were classified as subgroup B. Additionally, 50 healthy individuals were randomly selected as the healthy control group. Results The NLR and PLR in subgroup A were significantly lower than those in subgroup B ( P < .01). Compared with the healthy control group, the NLR in the APE group and subgroup A was significantly higher ( P < .001). There were no significant differences in NLR and PLR between the troponin I-negative and troponin I-positive groups ( P > .05), or between the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)-negative and NT-proBNP-positive groups ( P > .05). There were no significant correlations between NLR and PLR with risk stratification indicators and pulmonary artery embolism index ( P > .05). Compared with before treatment, NLR, troponin I, NT-proBNP, right ventricular diameter/left ventricular diameter ratio, and pulmonary artery embolism index were significantly reduced after treatment ( P < .05), while there was no significant difference in PLR before and after treatment ( P > .05). Conclusion Elevated NLR in patients with APE, which decreases after effective treatment, may be used for assessing disease status and treatment efficacy. However, there is no correlation between NLR and risk stratification indicators or thrombus burden. PLR does not demonstrate significant value in assessing APE.
A Study of Skeletal Survey Disparity in Pediatric Head Injury in the Emergency Department
Authors: Crumm Caitlin E. , Brown Emily C. B. , Uspal Neil G. , Caglar Derya , von Saint Andre- von Arnim Amelie , Barry Dwight , Hartford Emily A. 
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate disparities in skeletal survey (SS) use for pediatric. head injury patients in the emergency department (ED). This was a multi-site retrospective. cohort study of children <24 months with concern for head injury and injury on head CT from. 7/1/12 – 1/1/22. We determined adjusted associations between SS completion and race, ethnicity, language for care, insurance type, and income, with sub-analysis of children <6 months and with complex injury. We evaluated occult fracture prevalence. Two-hundred seventy children met criteria and 88 had SS. No statistical association was found between skeletal survey completion and race or ethnicity, language for care, private insurance, median census tract income, or in sub-analyses. Two of 88 (2.3%) patients had occult fracture; both had risk factors for NAT. In conclusion, no statistical association was found between SS completion and demographics. Occult fracture was uncommon. SS use can likely be decreased in lower risk patients.
Video-based compilation of acute pain behaviours in cats
Authors: Marangoni Sabrine , Steagall Paulo V 
Published: September 2024

Objectives The aim of this work was to create a video-based compilation of acute pain behaviours in cats as an open-access online resource for training of veterinary health professionals. Methods A database comprising 60 h of video recordings of cats was used. Videos were previously recorded after ethical approval and written client consent forms, and involved cats with different types (eg, medical, surgical, trauma, orofacial) and degrees (eg, from no pain to severe pain) of acute pain, before and after surgery or the administration of analgesia. The database included videos of cats of different coat colours, ages, sex and breeds. Video selection was based on a published ethogram of acute pain behaviours in cats. Videos were selected by one observer (SM) according to their definition and quality, followed by a second round of screening by two observers (SM and PVS). Video editing included a standardised template (ie, watermark and titles). Results A total of 24 videos (mean length 33 ± 17 s) with each acute pain-related behaviour described in the ethogram were uploaded to an open-access online video-sharing platform ( http://www.youtube.com/@Steagalllaboratory ) with an individual hyperlink. Videos were provided with a short description of the behaviour for the public. Conclusions and relevance This video-based compilation may promote better training of veterinary health professionals on acute pain assessment while improving feline health and welfare and the understanding of cat behaviours.
Signalment and laboratory findings in cats with diabetes mellitus in Germany: a retrospective review of laboratory submissions of 129,505 cats
Authors: Guse Bente , Langenstein Judith , Bauer Natali , Hazuchova Katarina 
Published: September 2024

Objectives The aims of this study were to compare signalment and laboratory parameters between diabetic (D) and non-diabetic (ND) cats and poorly-controlled diabetic (PD) and well-controlled diabetic (WD) cats in Germany. Methods Laboratory data from Antech Lab Germany between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Age, sex, red blood cell count (RBC), creatinine (CREA), alkaline phosphatase (AP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin (BILI), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRI), glucose (GLU) and total thyroxine (TT4) were compared between D (fructosamine ⩾340 µmol/l) and ND cats, and PD (fructosamine >500 µmol/l) and WD (fructosamine 340–500 µmol/l) cats. The proportion of cats with anaemia (RBC ⩽4.21 ×1012/l), CREA >250 µmol/l, ALT >455 U/l, AP >315 U/l, BILI ⩾35 µmol/l and TT4 > reference interval (RI) was compared between PD and WD cats. Data are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR) and analysed using non-parametric tests. Significance was P<0.05, and effect size was assessed by Cramér V or r. Results In total, 129,505 cats were included (D: n = 9334 [prevalence 7.2%], WD: n = 5670/9334 [60.7%]). The median age of D and ND cats was 12 years (IQR D 9–14; ND 9–15); there was no difference in sex. A significant difference was found between groups (D vs ND; PD vs WD) for all parameters studied. Considering the effect sizes and medians outside the RI, the only relevant difference was higher CHOL, TRI, AP and GLU in PD compared with WD (CHOL: PD 7.46 [5.85–9.32] vs WD 5.44 [4.32–6.97] mmol/l, P<0.001, r = 0.39; TRI: PD 1.44 [0.84–3.66] vs WD 0.78 [0.5–1.35] mmol/l, P <0.001, r = 0.35; AP: PD 66 [47–92] vs WD 35 [23–59] U/l, P <0.001, r = 0.39; GLU: PD 23.7 [20.15–27.3] vs WD 6.89 [5–11.31] mmol/l, P <0.001, r = 0.69). Conclusions and relevance Laboratory changes in diabetic cats were mild and mainly associated with lipid derangements.
Clinical perioperative outcomes in 39 cats after single session bilateral femoral head and neck excision
Authors: Brasali Hania , Stewart Sam , Amato Nicole S 
Published: September 2024

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the perioperative outcomes and complications of single session bilateral femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) in cats for treatment of bilateral coxofemoral joint disease. Methods The medical records of cats undergoing a single session bilateral FHNE were identified and the history, signalment, diagnosis, surgery reports, anesthetic records, postoperative radiographs, postoperative examinations, complications and outcomes were recorded. Results A total of 39 cats undergoing a single session bilateral FHNE were included. Bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis was the most commonly diagnosed etiology. All cats were discharged within 48 h of the procedure. One major complication and five minor complications were reported. All but one cat returned to normal activity and no owners reported concerns after the 2-week postoperative recheck. Conclusions and relevance Single session bilateral FHNE is a viable surgical option for the treatment of bilateral coxofemoral disease in cats that results in a quick return to function, especially when other options are not indicated, available or affordable.
Inequalities in Smoking and E-Cigarette Use in Young Adults With Mental Ill-Health, 20 years After Ireland’s Smoking Ban
Authors: Hanafin Joan , Sunday Salome , Clancy Luke 
Published: September 2024

Background: Ireland’s Smoking Ban reduced health inequalities known to be associated with smoking but some groups may not have benefitted. Mental ill-health and smoking are known to be associated with health inequalities. Whether similar patterns exist for e-cigarette use is less clear, as few data exist. Objectives: To examine: (1) self-reported doctor-diagnosed mental ill-health in Irish 20-year-olds; (2) smoking, e-cigarette, and dual use in those with and without mental ill-health; and (3) protective and risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use in these groups. Methods: We use cross-sectional data from 20 year-olds in Wave 4 of Growing Up in Ireland Child Cohort. They were asked to self-report mental ill-health which had been diagnosed by a clinician, and their smoking and e-cigarette use. All analyses were performed using SPSS v27. Results: 19.4% (n = 1008) of the total sample (n = 4729) reported a mental ill-health diagnosis. Comparing those with and without, those with mental ill-health had significantly higher prevalence of current smoking (47%, n = 419 vs 36%, n = 1361; OR 1.57, CI: 1.36, 1.82), e-cigarette use (17%, n = 152 vs 13%, n = 485; OR 1.40, CI:1.15, 1.70), and dual use (12%, n = 109 vs 9%, n = 328; OR 1.46, CI:1.16, 1.84). Risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use were, earlier smoking initiation, peers or primary caregivers who smoked, being in paid employment, one-parent family background, and social media use. Being female was protective. Most risk factors were significantly higher in young adults with mental ill-health but, after adjusting for these variables, respondents with mental ill-health still have significantly higher adjusted higher odds of smoking (aOR 1.28, CI:1.05, 1.56). Conclusions: Inequalities in smoking and e-cigarette use in young adults with mental ill-health are evident 20 years after Ireland’s National Smoking Ban. Despite extensive Tobacco Control interventions in the past 20 years, there is still need in Ireland for new targeted interventions to reduce health inequalities for left-behind young smokers with mental ill-health.
Efficacy of Metformin-Cabergoline Compared to Metformin Monotherapy for Management of PCOS With Hyperprolactinemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kumar Aakash , Nazim Ahsan , Maheshwari Mahveer , Kumari Nisha , Kumar Purneet , Lohana Chandar Kanta , Kala Deep , Ali Khansa , Raj Hem , Islam Hamza , Islam Rabia , Riaz Monazza 
Published: September 2024

Background: Metformin plays a major part in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome .Trials are being conducted to compare the effectiveness of combination of metformin with cabergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of metformin monotherapy and combination therapy with cabergoline versus metformin for the management of polycystic ovarian syndrome with hyperprolactinemia. Methodology: An extensive search up until 31 May 2024 of electronic databases (PubMed, Registry of Controlled Clinical Trials, Web of Sciences, SCOPUS) to find pertinent studies. An analysis was conducted with both observational data and randomized clinical trials . To compute the standard mean difference, weighted mean difference, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval, RevMan (v5.3) was utilized. Primary outcomes that were assessed included body-mass index, regular menstruation, weight change, prolactin, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels. Results: Three randomized controlled trials and 1 observational study, taking a total patient population of n = 535, were part of our final analysis. Prolactin (SMD = −3.23 95% CI: (−4.90, −1.55)) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels (SMD = −0.27 95% CI: (−0.52, −0.01)) were significantly lower in the metformin and cabergoline combination therapy group; monthly regularity was also significantly higher (OR = 3.07 95% CI: (2.09, 4.51)). Statistically, there was no significant difference in weight, body-mass index, or testosterone levels. Conclusions: In the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome, the combination of metformin and cabergoline significantly lowers prolactin levels and encourages regular menstrual cycles. Although metformin has the potential to suppress testosterone levels, more investigation is required to determine how combination therapy affect dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and testosterone levels. It’s interesting to note that while neither intervention had a substantial impact on weight or body-mass index, metformin and cabergoline combination therapy outperformed metformin monotherapy in terms of supporting regular menstrual cycles. Customized therapy approaches are essential, and large-scale trials involving a variety of groups are required to comprehend the safety and effectiveness of treatments.
Exploring the impact of comorbid dementia on exacerbation occurrence in general practice patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: de Kort Nicole OA , Bischoff Erik WMA , Ricking Michael , Schermer Tjard R 
Published: September 2024

Objective Previous studies have shown an increased risk of dementia in patient with COPD, but whether comorbid dementia modifies the risk of exacerbations in patients with COPD is unknown. We explored exacerbation occurrence in patients with COPD with comorbid dementia and compared this to patients with COPD without comorbid dementia. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study based on medical record data from 88 Dutch general practices. Patients diagnosed with COPD and comorbid dementia ( n = 244, index group) were matched 1:1 to patients with COPD without comorbid dementia ( n = 244, controls). Exacerbations were assessed 1 year before and 1 year after the dementia diagnosis (or corresponding date in controls) and compared between index and control groups by calculating Rate Ratios (RRs). Results Average number of COPD exacerbations after dementia diagnosis increased from 5 to 14 per 100 patient years in the index group (RR = 2.70, 95%CI 1.42-5.09; p = 0.02) and from 17 to 30 per 100 patient years in the control group (RR = 1.74, 1.19-2.54; p = 0.04). These RRs did not significantly differ between the index and control groups (RR ratio = 1.55, 0.74-3.25; p = 0.25). Discussion We conclude that although the risk of exacerbation increased after patients with COPD were diagnosed with dementia, their change in exacerbation risk did not seem to differ from the change observed in patients with COPD without comorbid dementia. However, as our study was hypothesis-generating in nature, further investigations on the subject matter are needed.
Association between history of interparental violence and alcohol abuse among reproductive-age women: Evidence from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Zamora-Ramírez Carolain M , Caira-Chuquineyra Brenda , Fernandez-Guzman Daniel , Martinez-Rivera Raisa N , Llamo-Vilcherrez Anita P , Gálvez-Arévalo Ricardo A , Urrunaga-Pastor Diego , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos J 
Published: September 2024

Background: Exposure to domestic violence by triggering repetitive distress and fear can affect neurodevelopmental and mental health in the short and long term. This, in turn, has been linked to an increased risk of substance abuse, such as alcohol abuse in adulthood. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to violence from the father toward the mother and alcohol abuse in Peruvian women. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) of 2019. A total of 19,980 reproductive-aged women (15–49 years old) were surveyed using the Health Questionnaire during 2019. The dependent variable of the study was alcohol abuse, collected through self-report, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Intimate partner violence (IPV; violence perpetrated by the father against the mother) was considered as the exposure variable. To assess the association of interest, we only considered observations with complete data and used binary logistic regression models, calculating crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios (aOR). For the multivariable model, we adjusted for confounding variables (age, marital status, education level, wealth index, ethnicity, residence, current smoker, depression, and IPV). Results: We analyzed a final sample of 9953 women. The prevalence of interparental violence and alcohol abuse was 41.3% and 1.5%, respectively. We found that interparental violence was associated with higher odds of alcohol abuse (aOR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.03–4.28) after adjusting for age, marital status, education level, wealth level, ethnicity, area of residence, current smoking, depression, and IPV. Conclusion: We identified that women of reproductive age who have been exposed to interparental violence were at higher odds of experiencing alcohol abuse issues.