bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Workflow on Lithofacies Modeling
Authors: Yunsheng William Li , Bansal Radhey S 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
3D lithofacies modeling is a key step in depositional environment analysis. 1D lithofacies modeling along the wellbore is an essential contributor to the 3D modeling. This paper introduces an integrated workflow from 1D to 3D lithofacies modeling and the application of this workflow in an oil and gas field.
This study focused on the integration of core description, conventional log curves, image logs data and interpretation. All the core descriptions have been digitally described or digitized and coded so those can be easily loaded and recognized by digital applications. After data loading, 1D lithofacies models were built using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method and a blind test was then conducted to check if the models meet the requirement. When the blind test results were satisfactory, the ANN models would then be applied to the un-cored wells to predict the lithofacies at those wells. Wellbore image logs were then used to smooth the final results which would be used to build the 3D lithofacies models throughout the whole field.
The workflow was applied in one of the oil field in the study area and the results were quite exciting. There are five types of lithofacies in the studied reservoirs but there is only one lithofacies predicted before using the porosity cutoff. With this new workflow, all five lithofacies were predicted and the accuracy of the prediction was greatly improved. An overall matching rate between the core description and the prediction is above 70% after smoothing with wellbore image logs.
A 3D lithofacies model was then created using the result from the 1D lithofacies modeling. With the 3D model, the lithofacies distribution can be easily captured and the depositional environment can be analyzed to determine the potential good reservoirs.
Successful Experience of Water-Base Drilling Fluid Products Working in Synergy to Optimize Drilling Operations for Horizontal Wells in Extra-Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Telles J. , Rojas L. , Díaz L. , Atencio N. , Cortés A. , Calderón E. , Dorca J. , Peñaranda J. , Navarro V. , Ydrogo C. , Mata L. , Correa E. , Páez D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Accretion is a common phenomenon that affects drilling operations in the Orinoco Heavy Oil Belt. The main reservoir, where most horizontal sections are drilled, is the Oficina Formation. Accretion negatively impairs operational efficiency, thus generating stuck pipe incidents, problems while tripping due to high torque and drag values related to friction factors, and the unrecommended backreaming operations. In addition, accretion causes excessive fluid surface losses linked to plugged shakers screens.
This document shows the laboratory tests and successful field results obtained from the combination of specialized surfactant and lubricant agents working in synergy to reduce the accretion effect. The laboratory test demonstrated the synergy between the lubricant and surfactant in different tests, such as lubricity, accretion, and permeability damage testing. In the field, positive results were achieved in nine horizontal wells, thus increasing operative efficiency by reducing stuck pipe incidents, backreaming operations, and unplanned trips. This impact over flat times was also accompanied by a fluid waste reduction that improved the shakers’ screen usage and reduced the amount of oil coating the cuttings, which facilitated the treatment process and minimized environmental impact.
Effective Removal of Sour Gases Containing Mercaptans in Oilfield Applications
Authors: Chakraborty Soma , Lehrer Scott , Ramachandran Sunder 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans are highly toxic. They can cause corrosion and contaminate fuels. For safe and efficient operation of oilfield applications, it is important to remove these constituents. Processes to remove sour gases with mercaptans include treatment of the hydrocarbon fractions with caustics, clays and hydro-treating, as well as the UOP Merox™ process. Another method comprises scrubbing with mono or di-ethanolamine in a regenerative amine system. These methods are ineffective in removing mercaptans.
Scavengers react more quickly with hydrogen sulfide than with other sour gases. For this reason it is a challenge to develop scavengers that scavenge all components of sour gas including mercaptans effectively.
This paper describes a new formulation that simultaneously scavenges hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans extremely efficiently. A new lab experimental procedure is presented that mimics the scavenging of sour gas in a tower application. The procedure uses a new analytical technique that simultaneously detects hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. Gas concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan are detected before and after scavenging. Systematic performance evaluations show that the new scavenger simultaneously scavenges hydrogen sulfide as well as mercaptans.
Electrical Cost Optimization for Electric Submersible Pumps: Systematic Integration of Current Conditions and Future Expectations
Authors: Nieto A. , Brinez D. , Lopez J. E. , Marin P. , Cabrera S. , Paya D. , Fernandez Cepsa Colombia. , Villalobos J. , Cifuentes E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This document describes the methodology established to optimize the electrical energy consumption in electric submersible pumping systems, considering not only the current operating conditions but also the expectations in operational and production forecasts of an operator in the Caracara of Colombia. The effect of the optimization on the economic and operational system was to improve profitability by reducing energy consumption, hence electric cost, and the change in distribution of electric load in the block allowed attacking the limitations to increasing production related to the load in generation capabilities.
Cepsa Colombia began exploration in Colombia in 2001 by working in two exploration and production areas, Llanos basin and the upper Magdalena river with seven exploratory blocks and three production blocks. The total audited average oil production was 23,000 BOPD as of February 2015. Caracara block contributes 76% of this production.
The Caracara block has an average water cut ranging from 80% to 90%. There are 84 production wells in the block, and electric submersible pumps (ESPs) are the only artificial lift method.
Seawater Based Fracturing Fluid: A Game Changer in Hydraulic Fracturing Applications in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdul Majid A. B. , Hansen J. E. , Al-Dahlan M. N. , Malik A. R. , Alharbi M. M. , Al-Suwaigh M. K. , Atwi M. A. , Shammari N. S. , Alkhaldi M. H. , Abel J. T. , Alsalman M. A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing activities in tight gas wells in Saudi Arabia have been exponentially increasing to meet domestic demand for natural gas. During each fracturing stage, up to 125,000 gallons of groundwater is currently being used. The need to reduce groundwater usage during fracturing treatments has been set as a priority, and alternative water sources for fracturing applications that can significantly reduce groundwater usage have been intensively explored. One such alternative water source is seawater as a base fluid for hydraulic fracturing. The primary challenge for this application is the tendency for scale precipitation due to the high sulfate content in seawater and its potential incompatibility with formation water. Without proper prevention and mitigation measures, this scale precipitation can induce formation damage and reduce the fracture conductivity. To minimize scaling tendencies, an in-house multidisciplinary team has performed extensive collaborative research to identify a scale inhibitor appropriate for Arabian Gulf seawater and formation water. Scale precipitation can be further mitigated by filtering the seawater with a nanofiltration system to dramatically reduce the sulfate ion as well as lower the calcium and magnesium ions. The successful application of seawater-based fracturing fluid in Saudi Arabia opens up the door to minimizing consumption of groundwater in hydraulic fracturing operations. Millions of gallons of groundwater could be saved and development of sustainable water resources could be achieved. This paper will describe the optimization of a scale inhibitor and fracturing fluid system, the selection of the nanofiltration system, and the first field applications of the seawater based fracturing fluid system in high-temperature gas wells in Saudi Arabia.
Impact of 4D Seismic Design on the Quality of 4D Results
Authors: Hubans C. , Al-Romani T. , Lafram A. , Cailly F. , Adeyemi A. , Al Kaabi A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
After great success of 4D seismic (Time-lapse) in clastic environment lot of 4D projects started 10 years ago in carbonates. Because of a smaller petroelastic response to reservoir modification lot of reservoirs enginners and geophysicists considered that 4D in carbonate has a very little probability of success.
To check the capacity of 4D seismic to work in carbonate environment ADMA decided to acquire a 4D pilot on one of their giant field. The design of this pilot has been chosen to mimic as perfectly as possible the base survey. Then another acquisition has been performed with a fully different design that reduces drastically the cost of survey. TOTAL had the great opportunity to process, invert and interpret these datasets. This paper will show some comparison of 4D results obtained from the 2 designs.
TOTAL performed a lot of QCs allowing to get a very good appreciation of degradation in repeatability and increase of noise levels linked to acquisition design. The regular QCs as NRMS or predictability are compared but also some new in house TOTAL QCs as SDR (Signal Distortion Ratio), Noise Xplots, etc… Next relevant 4D attributes (like relative changes in P velocities and in P impedances) are computed using in house algorithms that have been developed on numerous Total portfolio cases. They can be compared for both designs using as reference the pilot which is considered closer to reality.
A first step was to validate 4D anomalies out of pilot area by comparing them to geological features and production knowledge. So we got the proof of real 4D anomalies related to clear production phenomena, validated by the asset team.
Second step was to evaluate the stability of 4D results despite the acquisition design modification and the strong variation of noise level. It is obvious and expected that the "non repeated" design introduces a degradation of the quality of 4D results. Key points are on one hand to check if the 4D processing can handle these differences successfully and another hand to define recommendation to acquire a successful and cost-effective monitoring survey.
In conclusion this example shows that 4D seismic in carbonates, oil/water system; with difficult seismic environment is definitely possible under condition that acquisition, processing and inversion of 4D seismic are conducted with care to avoid the weakest link limits value of 4D information
Petrophysical Joint Inversion of Multi-Geophysical Attributes and Measurements for Reservoir Characterization
Authors: Rovetta Diego , Colombo Daniele , Turkoglu Ersan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Interpretation of petrophysical parameters such as porosity and saturation is very important for reservoir characterization and resources evaluation. Petrophysical inversion is typically done using well log data to characterize the reservoirs. Seismic and electromagnetic (EM) measurements are sensitive to different rock properties and their joint interpretation can improve the characterization results. We address the task of improving the interpretation of porosity and fluid saturation in the reservoir rocks by means of the joint inversion of seismic, gravity and EM data subject to geological constraints. Simultaneous inversion is expected to provide higher sensitivity, better resolution, and an overall more robust estimation of rock parameters than conventional log analysis. We developed in-house petrophysical joint inversion (PJI) codes and tested them on simulated and field data. We also designed a rigorous workflow for reservoir characterization through PJI of multi-geophysical attributes and measurements. First, we conduct analysis and inversion of the available well log data to understand the petrophysics of the reservoir and to choose the constitutive equations linking petrophysical attributes to geophysical ones (calibration). Second, we implement sequential PJI of geophysical attribute volumes such as seismic velocity, density and resistivity. Finally, we produce a full PJI of geophysical measurements such as seismic, gravity and EM data. Each of these steps requires the integration of geophysical, geological and petrophysical knowledge about the specific reservoir. The first step of the workflow was applied to well log data from an important reservoir in Saudi Arabia. Mineralogical information from the well logs indicated mainly calcite with some dolomite at the reservoir depth. The rock properties were adjusted with depth according to the known stratigraphy. The recalculated log resistivity, density and sonic data via joint inversion fit the observed data well. The estimated porosity and fluid saturations were the petrophysical parameters in the joint inversion while gas saturation was ignored. The joint inversion estimated porosity was similar to neutron log-derived porosity. Improved oil saturation estimates are expected to enhance the interpretation of the resource. To test the other two steps of the workflow, we created a simulated 3D multi-geophysical model by lateral interpolation and rescaling of well log data from available wells. Then, we generated the related geophysical data through forward modeling. Finally, we tested the sequential and full PJI algorithms on this dataset. We are currently working on the application of the described method and workflow to a measured dataset from a Saudi Arabian reservoir. If successful, this approach could lead to an overall more robust estimation of the reserves.
Multiple episodes of airway management in a child with Klippel‐Feil syndrome
Authors: Ng Vivienne , Paramasivan Ambika , Shyang Loh Woei , Loh Will , Khoo Deborah , Leang Lee Tat 
Published: February 2017

SummaryKlippel‐Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare congenital cause of a difficult airway. It is a progressive disorder but there is no publishd literature describing the on‐going deterioration of the condition, particularly with regard to airway management.We describe multiple airway management episodes in a male with KFS, noting how quickly the airway deteriorates as the patient grew older within a short time frame of 2 years. The anaesthetist must understand and be prepared for a situation where airway management that was successful previously may fail subsequently.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Responsi Pra Praktikum dan Jobsheet Terpadu Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa pada Praktik Pengukuran Listrik
Authors: Amin Muhammad 
Published: February 2017

The objective of the study was to determine the differences of learning outcomes between the students treated with pre-practice review session and the students treated with integrated job sheets in the course of Electrical Measurement Practices. This study is categorized as a quasi experimental study. The data analysis technique used two-ways analysis of variance (Anova) and the credibility level of 0.05. The results showed that (1) There were differences of learning outcomes between the group treated with pre-practice review session ( =81,35) and the group treated with integrated job sheets ( =76,04); (2) There were differences in learning outcomes between the group having low entry behaviour ( =81,35) with the group having high entry behaviour ( =71,00); (3) There was no interaction between the students’ entry behaviour with the pattern of the improvement (4) The experimental group treated with pre-practicum review session for the students having high entry behaviour showed the best learning outcomes
Penerapan Model Konstruktivistik dengan Media File Gambar 3D untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Prestasi Hasil Belajar
Authors: Marsudi Marsudi 
Published: February 2017

The objective of this study was to improve the students’ motivation and achievement in the subject of Budget Plan through the implementation of the constructivist learning model with three-dimensional image media at the Department of Wood Construction Engineering of SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih. This study was a classroom action research conducted in two cycles. The subjects of this study were 28 students of class III of Wood Construction Engineering, SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih in the second semester of the academic year of 2014/ 2015. The data of the student's motivation was obtained using questionnaires adapted from the model of John Keller, namely; Action, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction (ARCS). While the data of the students’ achievement was obtained using tests. The results revealed the application of the constructivist learning model increases the students’ motivation and achievement. It’s indicated by the improvement of the students’ motivation from the first cycle to the second cycle that was 28.52%. While the improvement of the students’ achievement, learning absorption and mastery were 7.34%, 7.34%, and 75.01% respectively.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB) melalui model konstruktivistik dengan media file gambar 3 dimensi pada siswa kelas III Teknik Konstruksi Kayu SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III Teknik Konstruksi Kayu SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih semester genap tahun pelajaran 2014/ 2015 yang berjumlah 28 siswa. Data tentang motivasi siswa diperoleh dengan metode angket model dari John Keller yaitu; Action, Relevance, Confidence, dan Satisfaction (ARCS), sedangkan prestasi hasil belajar diperoleh dengan metode tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model konstrukrivistik dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa. Peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 28,52%. Sedangkan pada aspek lain dari siklus I ke siklus II yaitu terdapat peningkatan prestasi hasil belajar rata-rata skor 7,34%, daya serap 7,34%, dan ketuntasan belajar 75,01%.
Pengembangan Media DVD Interaktif dan Video tentang Menu Sehat Seimbang Balita untuk Kader Posyandu
Authors: Dahlia Mutiara , Rusilanti Rusilanti , Sachriani Sachriani , Riska T. Nur 
Published: February 2017

This study analyses the effectiveness of instructional media using Digital Video Disc (DVD) and videos in nutrition education concerning the development of toddlers’ food preferences of balanced meals based on community empowerment. The media was expected to be used by the cadre of Posyandu (Maternal and Child Health Centre) and housewives in Rawamangun village. This study used the quasi experiment method. The data analysis showed the score of F was 15.89 that was higher than the F table with the score of 4.11 in the significance level of 0.05. It indicates the learning outcomes of the instructional media using DVD and videos was higher than using handouts. The result of this study was a nutrition education model concerning the development of toddlers’ food preferences of balanced meals in the form of DVD and videos that can be effectively applied. The media is able to improve the learning outcomes of nutrition education including the knowledge and the skills. Thus it indirectly supports the government program in community empowerment. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan media dalam bentuk DVD interaktif dan video dalam perancangan model pendidikan tentang pembentukan kesukaan balita terhadap makanan bergizi seimbang pada ibu berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dapat digunakan oleh kader posyandu dan ibu rumah tangga kelurahan Rawamangun. Metode quasi experiment. Hasil analisis varians dua jalur antar kolom diperoleh harga Fhitung = 15,89 lebih besar dibandingkan Ftabel = 4,11 pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar kader posyandu dengan media dalam bentuk DVD dan video lebih baik dibandingkan dengan media handout. Hasil penelitian dapat membentuk suatu model pendidikan gizi yaitu media dalam bentuk DVD interaktif dan video tentang pembentukan kesukaan anak terhadap makanan bergizi seimbang yang diterapkan. Media dan metode tersebut dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar berupa pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam penyuluhan gizi pada ibu, kader posyandu dan masyarakat sehingga secara tidak langsung dapat membantu program pemerintah dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat. The developed media improves the achievement of nutritional education of mothers, society and indirectly helped the government program in community empowerment.
Influence of Solvothermal Temperatures and Times on Crystallinity and Morphology of MOF-5
Authors: Mulyati Tri Ana , Ediati Ratna , Rosyidah Afifah 
Published: February 2017

MOF-5 (metal-organic frameworks-5) have been synthesized using solvothermal method in which reaction mixtures of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC) in dimethylformamide (DMF) were heated at various heating temperatures and times in order to observe the influence of heating temperature and time on crystallinity and morphology of the obtained MOF-5. The heating temperatures used were 105, 120 and 140 °C, respectively with heating times of 12–144 h. Determination of the best reaction conditionswas based on the observation of phase purity and crystal morphology of MOF-5 using XRD and SEM. The characterization results showed that MOF-5 crystals with a higher crystallinity were obtained when the reaction mixtures were heated at 105 °C for 144 h, 120 °C for 24 h or 140 °C for 12 h. The maximum weight of MOF-5 crystal was generated from reaction mixture heated at 120 °C for 72 h.
Integrasi ESD dalam Pembelajaran dan Penguatan Metodologi Keilmuan Pancasila bagi Guru di Kawasan Bantul Selatan
Authors: Muthmainnah Lailiy , Widodo Agung Saras Sri , Muhaimin Hendro 
Published: February 2017

Education is key to the process of the formation of character and national identity. Education plays an important role in alleviating poverty, to afrm human rights, eliminate social confict, and reinforce the ideology of the state. Education will also serve as the basis for the realization of sustainable development conditions. Meanwhile the condition of sustainable development can only be achieved by synergizing the various aspects of the life of the state, not only the economic, ecological, social, cultural, but also ideological. Center of Pancasila Studies UGM conducted a series of studies, including research by taking research subjects teachers of Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (PPKn) in south Bantul region with the aim of seeing and translating back and reinforcement learning scientifc methodology Pancasila. Tis study intends to map and identify learning models Pancasila has been done by every teacher in the school who will then be summarized into Pancasila model of learning methodologies. Te method of research used the method of focus group discussion (FGD) and training. At the fnal stage of this research can be concluded that the required learning model (methodology) innovative and involve learners in the learning process. Innovative learning process which will arouse the students’ ability to better understand the values that will be the goal of learning. Starting from observing, ask, try, processing, presenting, and concluded. With more innovative learning model, the enthusiasm of the students will be stronger as well as the core values that would be submitted can be understood and implemented by the students.