bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic-induced perturbations in gut microbial diversity influences neuro-inflammation and amyloidosis in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Minter Myles R. , Zhang Can , Leone Vanessa , Ringus Daina L. , Zhang Xiaoqiong , Oyler-Castrillo Paul , Musch Mark W. , Liao Fan , Ward Joseph F. , Holtzman David M. , Chang Eugene B. , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Sisodia Sangram S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSevere amyloidosis and plaque-localized neuro-inflammation are key pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition to astrocyte and microglial reactivity, emerging evidence suggests a role of gut microbiota in regulating innate immunity and influencing brain function. Here, we examine the role of the host microbiome in regulating amyloidosis in the APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of AD. We show that prolonged shifts in gut microbial composition and diversity induced by long-term broad-spectrum combinatorial antibiotic treatment regime decreases Aβ plaque deposition. We also show that levels of soluble Aβ are elevated and that levels of circulating cytokine and chemokine signatures are altered in this setting. Finally, we observe attenuated plaque-localised glial reactivity in these mice and significantly altered microglial morphology. These findings suggest the gut microbiota community diversity can regulate host innate immunity mechanisms that impact Aβ amyloidosis.
Features of an altered AMPK metabolic pathway in Gilbert’s Syndrome, and its role in metabolic health
Authors: Mölzer Christine , Wallner Marlies , Kern Carina , Tosevska Anela , Schwarz Ursula , Zadnikar Rene , Doberer Daniel , Marculescu Rodrig , Wagner Karl-Heinz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEnergy metabolism, involving the ATP-dependent AMPK-PgC-Ppar pathway impacts metabolic health immensely, in that its impairment can lead to obesity, giving rise to disease. Based on observations that individuals with Gilbert’s syndrome (GS; UGT1A1*28 promoter mutation) are generally lighter, leaner and healthier than controls, specific inter-group differences in the AMPK pathway regulation were explored. Therefore, a case-control study involving 120 fasted, healthy, age- and gender matched subjects with/without GS, was conducted. By utilising intra-cellular flow cytometry (next to assessing AMPKα1 gene expression), levels of functioning proteins (phospho-AMPK α1/α2, PgC 1 α, Ppar α and γ) were measured in PBMCs (peripheral blood mononucleated cells). In GS individuals, rates of phospho-AMPK α1/α2, -Ppar α/γ and of PgC 1α were significantly higher, attesting to a boosted fasting response in this condition. In line with this finding, AMPKα1 gene expression was equal between the groups, possibly stressing the post-translational importance of boosted fasting effects in GS. In reflection of an apparently improved health status, GS individuals had significantly lower BMI, glucose, insulin, C-peptide and triglyceride levels. Herewith, we propose a new theory to explain why individuals having GS are leaner and healthier, and are therefore less likely to contract metabolic diseases or die prematurely thereof.
The effects of three-dimensional defects on one-way surface plasmon propagation for photonic topological insulators comprised of continuum media
Authors: Hassani Gangaraj S. Ali , Nemilentsau Andrei , Hanson George W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe have investigated one-way surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) at the interface of a continuum magnetoplasma material and metal, in the presence of three-dimensional surface defects. Bulk electromagnetic modes of continuum materials have Chern numbers, analogous to those of photonic crystals. This can lead to the appearance of topologically-protected surface modes at material interfaces, propagating at frequencies inside the bandgap of the bulk materials. Previous studies considered two-dimensional structures; here we consider the effect of three-dimensional defects and show that, although backward propagation/reflection cannot occur, side scattering does take place and has significant effect on the propagation of the surface mode. Several different waveguiding geometries are considered for reducing the effects of side-scattering and we also consider the effects of metal loss.
Halides with Fifteen Aliphatic C–H···Anion Interaction Sites
Authors: Shi Genggongwo , Aliakbar Tehrani Zahra , Kim Dongwook , Cho Woo Jong , Youn Il-Seung , Lee Han Myoung , Yousuf Muhammad , Ahmed Nisar , Shirinfar Bahareh , Teator Aaron J. , Lastovickova Dominika N. , Rasheed Lubna , Lah Myoung Soo , Bielawski Christopher W. , Kim Kwang S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSince the aliphatic C–H···anion interaction is relatively weak, anion binding using hydrophobic aliphatic C–H (Cali–H) groups has generally been considered not possible without the presence of additional binding sites that contain stronger interactions to the anion. Herein, we report X-ray structures of organic crystals that feature a chloride anion bound exclusively by hydrophobic Cali–H groups. An X-ray structure of imidazolium-based scaffolds using Cali–H···A− interactions (A− = anion) shows that a halide anion is directly interacting with fifteen Cali–H groups (involving eleven hydrogen bonds, two bidentate hydrogen-bond-type binding interactions and two weakly hydrogen-bonding-like binding interactions). Additional supporting interactions and/or other binding sites are not observed. We note that such types of complexes may not be rare since such high numbers of binding sites for an anion are also found in analogous tetraalkylammonium complexes. The Cali–H···A− interactions are driven by the formation of a near-spherical dipole layer shell structure around the anion. The alternating layers of electrostatic charge around the anion arise because the repulsions between weakly positively charged H atoms are reduced by the presence of the weakly negatively charged C atoms connected to H atoms.
Cooling the Motion of Diamond Nanocrystals in a Magneto-Gravitational Trap in High Vacuum
Authors: Hsu Jen-Feng , Ji Peng , Lewandowski Charles W. , D’Urso Brian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLevitated diamond nanocrystals with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in high vacuum have been proposed as a unique system for experiments in fundamental quantum mechanics, including the generation of large quantum superposition states and tests of quantum gravity. This system promises extreme isolation from its environment while providing quantum control and sensing through the NV centre spin. While optical trapping has been the most explored method of levitation, recent results indicate that excessive optical heating of the nanodiamonds under vacuum may make the method impractical with currently available materials. Here, we study an alternative magneto-gravitational trap for diamagnetic particles, such as diamond nanocrystals, with stable levitation from atmospheric pressure to high vacuum. Magnetic field gradients from permanent magnets confine the particle in two dimensions, while confinement in the third dimension is gravitational. We demonstrate that feedback cooling of the centre-of-mass motion of a trapped nanodiamond cluster results in cooling of one degree of freedom to less than 1 K.
One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of CuBi co-doped mesoporous zeolite Beta for the removal of NOx by selective catalytic reduction with ammonia
Authors: Xie Zhiguo , Zhou Xiaoxia , Wu Huixia , Chen Lisong , Zhao Han , Liu Yan , Pan Linyu , Chen Hangrong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA series of CuBi co-doped mesoporous zeolite Beta (CuxBiy-mBeta) were prepared by a facile one-pot hydrothermal treatment approach and were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, TEM/SEM, XPS, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD and in situ DRIFTS. The catalysts CuxBiy-mBeta were applied to the removal of NOx by selective catalytic reduction with ammonia (NH3-SCR), especially the optimized Cu1Bi1-mBeta achieved the high efficiency for the removal of NOx and N2 selectivity, superior water and sulfur resistance as well as good durability. The excellent catalytic performance could be attributed to the acid sites of the support and the synergistic effect between copper and bismuth species. Moreover, in situ DRIFTS results showed that amides NH2 and NH4+ generated from NH3 adsorption could be responsible for the high selective catalytic reduction of NOx to N2. In addition, a possible catalytic reaction mechanism on Cu1Bi1-mBeta for the removal of NOx by NH3-SCR was proposed for explaining this catalytic process.
Metabolomics analysis for hydroxy-L-proline-induced calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Gao Songyan , Yang Rui , Peng Zhongjiang , Lu Hongtao , Li Na , Ding Jiarong , Cui Xingang , Chen Wei , Dong Xin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAbout 80% of kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx) with variable amounts of calcium phosphate and hyperoxaluria is considered as an important factor of CaOx nephrolithiasis. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms of CaOx nephrolithiasis remain undefined. In this study, we successfully developed a rat model with hydroxy-L-proline (HLP) -induced CaOx nephrolithiasis. Rats were continuously orally administrated with HLP for 28 days. Urine and blood samples were collected from the rats treated with or without HLP at four different time points. UPLC–Q-TOF/MS was applied to profile the abundances of metabolites. To obtain more comprehensive analysis of metabolic profiling spectrum, combination of RP-LC and HILIC were applied. We identify 42 significant differential metabolites in the urine and 13 significant differential metabolites in the blood. Pathway analysis revealed that the pathways involved in amino acid metabolism, taurine metabolism, bile acid synthesis, energy metabolism, TCA cycle, purine metabolism, vitamin metabolism, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism have been modulated by HLP treatment. This study suggested that a number of metabolic pathways are dysfunctional in the HLP induced crystal kidney injury and further studies on those pathways are warranted to better understand the metabolic mechanism of CaOx nephrolithiasis.
Differential in vivo activation of monocyte subsets during low-grade inflammation through experimental endotoxemia in humans
Authors: Thaler B. , Hohensinner P. J. , Krychtiuk K. A. , Matzneller P. , Koller L. , Brekalo M. , Maurer G. , Huber K. , Zeitlinger M. , Jilma B. , Wojta J. , Speidl W. S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHuman monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population, which can be divided into a classical (CD14++CD16−), a non-classical (CD14+CD16+) and an intermediate (CD14++CD16+) subset. We hypothesized that low-grade inflammation may differentially affect monocyte subsets. We used a human lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion model to mimic low-grade inflammation to identify, which monocyte subsets are preferentially activated under these conditions. Monocyte subsets were identified by staining for CD14 and CD16, activation status of monocytes was analyzed by staining for CD11b and a novel in situ mRNA hybridization approach to detect IL-6 and IL-8 specific mRNA at the single-cell level by flow cytometry. After LPS challenge, cell numbers of monocyte subsets dropped after 2 h with cell numbers recovering after 6 h. Distribution of monocyte subsets was skewed dramatically towards the intermediate subset after 24 h. Furthermore, intermediate monocytes displayed the largest increase of CD11b expression after 2 h. Finally, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels increased in intermediate and non-classical monocytes after 6 h whereas these mRNA levels in classical monocytes changed only marginally. In conclusion, our data indicates that the main responding subset of monocytes to standardized low-grade inflammation induced by LPS in humans is the CD14++CD16+ intermediate subset followed by the CD14+CD16+ non-classical monocyte subset. Circulating classical monocytes showed comparably less reaction to LPS challenge in vivo.
Prolonged secretion of cortisol as a possible mechanism underlying stress and depressive behaviour
Authors: Qin Dong-dong , Rizak Joshua , Feng Xiao-li , Yang Shang-chuan , Lü Long-bao , Pan Lei , Yin Yong , Hu Xin-tian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStress is associated with the onset of depressive episodes and cortisol hypersecretion is considered a biological risk factor of depression. However, the possible mechanisms underlying stress, cortisol and depressive behaviours are inconsistent in the literature. This study examined the interrelationships among stress, cortisol and observed depressive behaviours in female rhesus macaques for the first time and explored the possible mechanism underlying stress and depressive behaviour. Female monkeys were video-recorded and the frequencies of life events and the duration of huddling were analysed to measure stress and depressive behaviour. Hair samples were used to measure chronic cortisol levels and the interactions between stress and cortisol in the development of depressive behaviour were further evaluated. Significant correlations were found between stress and depressive behaviour measures and between cortisol levels and depressive behaviour. Stress was positively correlated with cortisol levels and these two factors interacted with each other to predict the monkeys’ depressive behaviours. This finding extends the current understanding of stress/cortisol interactions in depression, especially pertaining to females.
Astragaloside IV improves lipid metabolism in obese mice by alleviation of leptin resistance and regulation of thermogenic network
Authors: Wu Hui , Gao Yan , Shi Hai-Lian , Qin Li-Yue , Huang Fei , Lan Yun-Yi , Zhang Bei-Bei , Hu Zhi-Bi , Wu Xiao-Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObesity is a worldwide threat to public health in modern society, which may result from leptin resistance and disorder of thermogenesis. The present study investigated whether astragaloside IV (ASI) could prevent obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and db/db mice. In HFD-fed mice, ASI prevented body weight gain, lowered serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, mitigated liver lipid accumulation, reduced fat tissues and decreased the enlargement of adipose cells. In metabolic chambers, ASI lessened appetite of the mice, decreased their respiratory exchange ratio and elevated VCO2and VO2without altering circadian motor activity. Moreover, ASI modulated thermogenesis associated gene expressions in liver and brawn fat tissues, as well as leptin resistance evidenced by altered expressions of leptin, leptin receptor (ObR) or appetite associated genes. In SH-SY5Y cells, ASI enhanced leptin signaling transduction. However, in db/db mice, ASI did not change body weight gain and appetite associated genes. But it decreased serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels as well as liver triglyceride. Meanwhile, it significantly modulated gene expressions of PPARα, PGC1-α, UCP2, ACC, SCD1, LPL, AP2, CD36 and SREBP-1c. Collectively, our study suggested that ASI could efficiently improve lipid metabolism in obese mice probably through enhancing leptin sensitivity and modulating thermogenic network.
A functional variant rs353292 in the flanking region of miR-143/145 contributes to the risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yuan Fang , Sun Ruifen , Li Lijuan , Jin Bo , Wang Yanyun , Liang Yundan , Che Guanglu , Gao Linbo , Zhang Lin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMicroRNA (miR)-143 and miR-145 have been identified as molecular regulators in cell proliferation, cell growth, clone formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, and migration. We previously found that rs353292 in the flanking region of miR-143/145 showed a high frequency in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). To identify whether the rs353292 polymorphism is a risk factor for CRC, we conducted this study with larger samples. A total of 809 patients with CRC and 1005 gender matched controls were collected. The rs353292 polymorphism was genotyped by using TaqMan allelic discrimination. Dual luciferase reporter assay was carried out to measure the transcriptional activity. We found that the rs353292 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk for developing CRC in heterozygous comparison (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI, 1.32–2.20, P < 0.001), dominant genetic model (adjusted OR = 1.62, 95% CI, 1.26–2.09, P < 0.001), and allele comparison (adjusted OR = 1.46, 95% CI, 1.16–1.84, P = 0.001). The rs353292 CT/TT carriers exhibited a lower expression of miR-143 compared to the CC carriers (P = 0.04). Moreover, the pGL3-rs353292T displayed a significantly lower luciferase activity than pGL3-rs353292C (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that the rs353292 polymorphism is functional and may be a risk factor for the development of CRC.
Hexagonal Boron Nitride assisted transfer and encapsulation of large area CVD graphene
Authors: Shautsova Viktoryia , Gilbertson Adam M. , Black Nicola C. G. , Maier Stefan A. , Cohen Lesley F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report a CVD hexagonal boron nitride (hBN-) assisted transfer method that enables a polymer-impurity free transfer process and subsequent top encapsulation of large-area CVD-grown graphene. We demonstrate that the CVD hBN layer that is utilized in this transfer technique acts as a buffer layer between the graphene film and supporting polymer layer. We show that the resulting graphene layers possess lower doping concentration and improved carrier mobilities compared to graphene films produced by conventional transfer methods onto untreated SiO2/Si, SAM-modified and hBN covered SiO2/Si substrates. Moreover, we show that the top hBN layer used in the transfer process acts as an effective top encapsulation resulting in improved stability to ambient exposure. The transfer method is applicable to other CVD-grown 2D materials on copper foils, thereby facilitating the preparation of van der Waals heterostructures with controlled doping.
Genetic association between NFKB1 −94 ins/del ATTG Promoter Polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 42 case-control studies
Authors: Wang Duan , Xie Tianhang , Xu Jin , Wang Haoyang , Zeng Weinan , Rao Shuquan , Zhou Kai , Pei Fuxing , Zhou Zongke 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAccumulating evidences have indicated that the functional -94 ins/del ATTG polymorphism in the promoter region of human nuclear factor-kappa B1 (NFKB1) gene may be associated with cancer risk. However, some studies yielded conflicting results. To clarify precise association, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 42 case-control studies involving 43,000 subjects (18,222 cases and 24,778 controls). The overall results suggested that the -94 ins/del ATTG polymorphism had a decreased risk for cancer, reaching significant levels in five genetic models (dominant model: OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.79–0.95, P = 0.002; recessive model: OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74–0.94, P = 0.003; homozygous model: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.66–0.90, P = 0.001; heterozygous model: OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.83–0.98, P = 0.011; allelic model: OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83–0.96, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the -94 ins/del ATTG polymorphism could confer a decreased or increased risk for cancer development among Asians and Caucasians, respectively. Additionally, the stratification analysis revealed a significant association between the variant and decreased risk of oral, ovarian and nasopharyngeal cancer in Asians. After we adjusted p values using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate method to account for multiple comparisons, these associations remained.
Target deletion of complement component 9 attenuates antibody-mediated hemolysis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute shock in mice
Authors: Fu Xiaoyan , Ju Jiyu , Lin Zhijuan , Xiao Weiling , Li Xiaofang , Zhuang Baoxiang , Zhang Tingting , Ma Xiaojun , Li Xiangyu , Ma Chao , Su Weiliang , Wang Yuqi , Qin Xuebin , Liang Shujuan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTerminal complement membrane attack complex (MAC) formation is induced initially by C5b, followed by the sequential condensation of the C6, C7, C8. Polymerization of C9 to the C5b-8 complex forms the C5b-9 (or MAC). The C5b-9 forms lytic or non lytic pores in the cell membrane destroys membrane integrity. The biological functionalities of MAC has been previously investigated by using either the mice deficient in C5 and C6, or MAC’s regulator CD59. However, there is no available C9 deficient mice (mC9−/−) for directly dissecting the role of C5b-9 in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Further, since C5b-7 and C5b-8 complexes form non lytic pore, it may also plays biological functionality. To better understand the role of terminal complement cascades, here we report a successful generation of mC9−/−. We demonstrated that lack of C9 attenuates anti-erythrocyte antibody-mediated hemolysis or LPS-induced acute shock. Further, the rescuing effect on the acute shock correlates with the less release of IL-1β in mC9−/−, which is associated with suppression of MAC-mediated inflammasome activation in mC9−/−. Taken together, these results not only confirm the critical role of C5b-9 in complement-mediated hemolysis and but also highlight the critical role of C5b-9 in inflammasome activation.
Reconstructing direct and indirect interactions in networked public goods game
Authors: Han Xiao , Shen Zhesi , Wang Wen-Xu , Lai Ying-Cheng , Grebogi Celso 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNetwork reconstruction is a fundamental problem for understanding many complex systems with unknown interaction structures. In many complex systems, there are indirect interactions between two individuals without immediate connection but with common neighbors. Despite recent advances in network reconstruction, we continue to lack an approach for reconstructing complex networks with indirect interactions. Here we introduce a two-step strategy to resolve the reconstruction problem, where in the first step, we recover both direct and indirect interactions by employing the Lasso to solve a sparse signal reconstruction problem, and in the second step, we use matrix transformation and optimization to distinguish between direct and indirect interactions. The network structure corresponding to direct interactions can be fully uncovered. We exploit the public goods game occurring on complex networks as a paradigm for characterizing indirect interactions and test our reconstruction approach. We find that high reconstruction accuracy can be achieved for both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks, and a number of empirical networks in spite of insufficient data measurement contaminated by noise. Although a general framework for reconstructing complex networks with arbitrary types of indirect interactions is yet lacking, our approach opens new routes to separate direct and indirect interactions in a representative complex system.
Mechanism of the entire overdischarge process and overdischarge-induced internal short circuit in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Rui , Lu Languang , Ouyang Minggao , Feng Xuning 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLithium-ion batteries connected in series are prone to be overdischarged. Overdischarge results in various side effects, such as capacity degradation and internal short circuit (ISCr). However, most of previous research on the overdischarge of a cell was terminated when the cell voltage dropped to 0 V, leaving the further impacts of overdischarge unclear. This paper investigates the entire overdischarge process of large-format lithium-ion batteries by discharging the cell to −100% state of charge (SOC). A significant voltage platform is observed at approximately −12% SOC and ISCr is detected after the cell is overdischarged when passing the platform. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the overdischarge-induced ISCr is caused by Cu deposition on electrodes, suggesting possible Cu collector dissolution at the voltage platform near −12% SOC. A prognostic/mechanistic model considering ISCr is used to evaluate the resistance of ISCr (RISCr), the value of which decreases sharply at the beginning of ISCr formation. Inducing the ISCr by overdischarge is effective and well controlled without any mechanical deformation or the use of a foreign substance.