bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transparency construct in corporate marketing
Authors: Leitch Shirley R. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The centrality of ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) to the corporate marketing perspective serves as a point of differentiation for the field within the broader marketing discipline. Currently, there is a lack of clarity around the ‘transparency’ construct, which is an integral if ill-defined dimension of ethics and CSR in marketing. A shared understanding of the transparency construct is thus a significant gap within corporate marketing theory. Addressing that gap is the purpose of this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach in this paper is conceptual. In developing a detailed definition of transparency, the paper draws on core papers in corporate marketing theory as well as organisational transparency.

Findings
Rawlins’ (2009) multi-layered definition of the transparency construct is identified as appropriate for adoption in the corporate marketing context. Each of the six layers of his definition is analysed to understand what is implied and what the application of the construct means for corporate marketing practice. The implications are that the application of transparency in corporate marketing requires that a positive and proactive approach to information-sharing is adopted; the default position is to share information with stakeholders; both good and bad news are shared; the criteria – accuracy, timeliness, balance and unequivocality – are applied to all information prior to releases; an organisation commits to empowering stakeholders; and there is recognition of an obligation to account to stakeholders.

Research limitations/implication
The paper is conceptual in nature and does not apply the definition of the transparency construct to empirical data. It is likely that empirical research will lead to further refinements and amendments. The paper should therefore be considered as a starting point for this empirical work.

Practical implication
The paper provides a detailed definition of the transparency construct, which includes a discussion of what the application of the transparency construct implies and what it means for the practice of corporate marketing. The definition and its practical application are summarised in table form as a guide for both researchers and practitioners of corporate marketing. The table may serve as a guide for evaluating current organisational performance and for embedding transparency in corporate marketing practice.

Originality/value
This study appears to be the first paper to address the gap in the corporate marketing literature in relation to the transparency construct. This conceptual paper therefore provides a foundation for further empirical research into the application of the transparency construct in corporate marketing.
“Usage by stakeholders” as the objective of “transparency-by-design” in open government data
Authors: Saxena Stuti 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
While “transparency-by-design” serves as the antecedent of any Open Government Data (OGD) initiative (Janssen et al., 2017), its logical objective would be the extent to which data “usage” is facilitated. This paper aims to underscore the significance, drivers and barriers to ensure “usage” of data sets conceding that re-use of data sets is one of the key objectives of any OGD initiative.

Design/methodology/approach
With a documentary analysis approach, the OGD initiative of Sri Lanka is investigated for the present purpose. Furthermore, the theoretical model of citizen engagement in OGD suggested by Sieber and Johnson (2015) is being referred to appreciate the extent to which the usage of data sets is facilitated via the OGD platform.

Findings
There are drivers as well as barriers as far as facilitating the usage of the data sets in the Sri Lankan OGD initiative is concerned. For instance, some of the drivers are the provision of suggesting data sets or the possibility of referring to data sets which are historical in nature. However, there are countless barriers to usage than the drivers. For instance, there is absence of metadata in the data sets; the data sets are not updated regularly; there are historical data; the formats of the data sets are limited in nature and are not user-friendly; there is no facility of conducting data visualization or analytics, and there is no collaborative approach towards building further the OGD initiative.

Research limitations/implications
As only one case study is probed in the paper, further research is warranted to undertake a comparative approach by taking two or more case studies into consideration.

Practical implications
This study holds relevance for Sri Lankan Government and other stakeholders (policy makers, citizens, developers and the like) so far as furthering of user engagement in OGD initiative is concerned.

Social implications
Facilitating more usage by citizens would increase their engagement, and they might derive value out of the data sets. At the same time, the government’s objective of ensuring increased usage of the data sets would be better realized.

Originality/value
“Transparency-by-design” approach had its focus on the publishing phase of OGD, and this paper seeks to provide its logical conclusion by emphasizing upon “usage by stakeholders” because by opening data sets, the government has the target to ensure that these open data sets are being used and re-used. Therefore, it is the outcome which is being discussed with the support of a case study set in the background of Sri Lanka’s Open Data initiative. Besides, this is the first study which probes the OGD initiatives of Sri Lanka – therein lies the major contribution of the study.
Achieving consumer trust on Twitter via CSR communication
Authors: Kollat Jana , Farache Francisca 
Published: August 2017

PurposeCorporations are under increasing pressure to communicate their position and policies with regards to corporate social responsibility (CSR), informing consumers about the corporations’ good intentions and actions to appear trustworthy. Corporations have been asked to engage in dialogue with their consumers. However, academic literature still lacks empirical research that examines how consumers react to asymmetric versus symmetric communication strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe present paper closes this gap and evaluates how consumers react to different CSR communication approaches on social media, specifically on Twitter. The study is based on a sample of 507 respondents in the UK, representing a well-educated population of social media users. The sample was divided into two sub-samples, one receiving a set of tweets with an asymmetric CSR communication approach (N= 242) and the other one with a symmetric CSR communication approach (N= 265).FindingsThe main finding of this study is that an asymmetric communication approach performs generally better than a symmetric communication approach. However, consumers’ involvement and their own personal information processing mechanisms also play a significant role when evaluating the trustworthiness of corporations.Originality/valueThe paper provides insights into how corporations should communicate with consumers on Twitter and what characteristics they should take into consideration to achieve consumer trust.
The effects of packaging localisation of Western brands in non-Western emerging markets
Authors: Khan Huda , Lee Richard , Lockshin Larry 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe common market practice by foreign marketers is to sell their brands in standard or localised packaging or sometimes both in the context of Pakistan. By examining the differential influence of standard (Western) and local (Urdu) packaging on Pakistani consumers’ perceptions and choice under conspicuous and inconspicuous situations, this study aims to examine whether the localisation strategy is effective or even necessary.Design/methodology/approachA pre-test first identified suitable products and brands. The main survey was conducted using convenience sampling in popular shopping precincts of the Lahore district in 2015. Participants first rated the packaging of hedonic and utilitarian products. After rating the packaging likeability, the respondents were asked to assume the two consumption situations. Their choice of standard versus local packaging under conspicuous and inconspicuous consumption situations for the same brand was recorded.FindingsOverall, findings suggest that for hedonic products, localisation is not an effective strategy particularly for well-known Western brands such as M&M’s. For utilitarian products, packaging localisation does not render a Western brand more competitive as consumers did not like one packaging type over the other. Mode of consumption did not change the preference for standard packaging in case of hedonic products, whereas in case of utilitarian products, the mode of consumption did moderate the results for the choice of packaging; standard packaging is chosen more often under conspicuous a situation but not under an inconspicuous situation.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this research show that indiscriminately localising the packaging of any products as they enter foreign markets may not be the most effective strategy for international marketers.Originality/valueThis is first study to question the common market practice of packaging localisation and investigate the differential effects of standard versus local packaging of foreign products on consumers’ perceptions and choice under varying consumption modes.
Red flags for IPO downfalls in New Zealand
Authors: Dang Huong Dieu , Jolly Michael 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The strong performance of New Zealand’s equity market and the Government’s efforts to encourage small investors to invest in initial public offering (IPO) firms raises two questions: should retail investors invest in IPO offers and what types of IPOs are worth buying in the long term? The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors construct buy and hold equally weighted portfolios of IPOs and peers based on sales forecast, market capitalisation, and price-to-book ratio. The authors employ four benchmark-adjusted performance measures: cumulative average abnormal return (CAR), holding period return difference, wealth relative, and excess return (α).

Findings
IPOs underperform their peers over the medium and long term, with a five-year CAR ranging between −6.4 and −19.7 per cent. IPOs listed post-GFC show inferior benchmark-adjusted performance with a statistically significant average monthly CAPM α of −1.07 per cent (vs −0.13 per cent for pre-2009 IPOs). Over a five-year horizon, mature IPOs, IPOs with high market cap, high sales forecast, high leverage, low price-to-book ratio, and positive earnings forecast outperform other IPOs. Small IPOs or those with a small degree of leverage exhibit the worst five-year CAR ranging between −30.2 and −49.1 per cent. Of all IPOs examined, large firms, well-established firms, and value firms achieved positive five-year CARs of between 6.6 and 17.5 per cent.

Practical implications
The results are useful for retail investors and financial advisors in making sensible investment decisions.

Originality/value
This study is the first to utilise book-to-market and sales forecast to construct peer samples and to identify the red flags for IPO downfalls in New Zealand. It covers the longest sample period (1991-2015) in New Zealand’s context.
Gankyrin induces STAT3 activation in tumor microenvironment and sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sakurai Toshiharu , Yada Norihisa , Hagiwara Satoru , Arizumi Tadaaki , Minaga Kosuke , Kamata Ken , Takenaka Mamoru , Minami Yasunori , Watanabe Tomohiro , Nishida Naoshi , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: August 2017

Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) develop as a result of chronic liver inflammation. We have shown that the oncoprotein gankyrin is critical for inflammation‐induced tumorigenesis in the colon. Although the in vitro function of gankyrin is well known, its role in vivo remains to be elucidated. We investigated the effect of gankyrin in the tumor microenvironment of mice with liver parenchymal cell‐specific gankyrin ablation (Alb‐Cre;gankyrinf/f) and gankyrin deletion both in liver parenchymal and non‐parenchymal cells (Mx1‐Cre;gankyrinf/f). Gankyrin upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in tumor cells. Gankyrin binds to Src homology 2 domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase‐1 (SHP‐1), mainly expressed in liver non‐parenchymal cells, resulting in phosphorylation and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Gankyrin deficiency in non‐parenchymal cells, but not in parenchymal cells, reduced STAT3 activity, interleukin (IL)‐6 production, and cancer stem cell marker (Bmi1 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM]) expression, leading to attenuated tumorigenic potential. Chronic inflammation enhances gankyrin expression in the human liver. Gankyrin expression in the tumor microenvironment is negatively correlated with progression‐free survival in patients undergoing sorafenib treatment for HCC. Thus, gankyrin appears to play a critical oncogenic function in tumor microenvironment and may be a potential target for developing therapeutic and preventive strategies against HCC.
Making and Keeping Friends: The Importance of Being Similar
Authors: Laursen Brett 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSimilarity is central to friendship. The origins of homophily (love of the same) between friends are varied, but they all serve the same purpose: fostering compatibility and maintaining the rewards of affiliation. Interpersonal attraction is grounded on similarity. Similar individuals have much in common and find it easy to get along. Friends are selected on the basis of resemblances and friends influence one another to become more similar over time. Friends also resist changes that promote dissimilarity because differences increase the risk that the friendship will dissolve. Similarity is an essential feature of friendship at all stages of life, but it assumes special significance during adolescence when changes in autonomy coincide with changes in the social world to raise the profile of friends.
Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients receiving long‐term oxygen therapy
Authors: Sahin Hulya , Varol Yelda , Naz Ilknur , Tuksavul Fevziye 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimIt has been demonstrated that long‐term oxygen therapy increased exercise capacity, improved the quality of life, reduced hospitalization and increased life expectancy in chronic hypoxemic COPD patients. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in COPD patients receiving long‐term oxygen therapy (LTOT) compared to COPD patients not receiving LTOT.Materials and MethodsChronic hypoxemic COPD patients using LTOT (LTOT group) and COPD patients not receiving LTOT (non‐LTOT group) who participated in this study underwent a comprehensive 8‐week outpatient PR program.ResultsTwenty‐seven out of 61 severe/very severe cases with COPD received LTOT at home, and 34 did not. After PR, 6‐minute walking distance (6mWD) increased significantly and perceived dyspnea decreased significantly in both groups (P < .001, both). This change was significantly higher in the LTOT‐receiving group compared to the non‐LTOT Group (P = .046, P = .012). In both groups, all items in the disease‐related quality of life questionnaire (QoL) were improved, and the scores in the health‐related QoL questionnaire exhibited an improvement (P < .05, for all). Anxiety and depression scores were significantly lowered in both groups (P < .05, both).ConclusionsThose COPD patients receiving the LTOT benefited from the PR as much as those COPD patients not receiving LTOT. The former group had a higher increase in 6mWD and a higher reduction in dyspnea symptoms. Further studies are required to understand to what extent the severe chronic hypoxemic COPD patients could benefit from the PR.
Emergencies and outcome in invasive out‐of‐hospital ventilation: An observational study over a 1‐year period
Authors: Stieglitz Sven , Matthes Sandhya , Kietzmann Ilona , Priegnitz Christina , Hagmeyer Lars , Randerath Winfried 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe number of ventilated patients is further increasing which leads to an increasing number of patients with weaning failure. In Germany, the treatment of patients with invasive out‐of‐hospital becomes more and more common. The aim of the study was to observe the outcome, the frequency and character of emergencies of patients with invasive out‐of‐hospital ventilation.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study over 1 year. Fifty‐nine invasively ventilated patients living either at home or at nursing homes specialized in ventilator medicine were included.ResultsForty‐one (71%) of the patients were living in a nursing home. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the most common underlying disease (52.5%). Duration of daily ventilation did not change over the 1‐year period. 52.8% of the months went without a documented emergency. The most common emergencies were oxygen desaturation (29.6%), increase of secretion (12.2%) and dyspnea (8.7%). We found no difference in the frequency of emergencies between patients cared for in their own home compared with residential care. Ten patients died during the observation period. Fewer emergencies (P = .02, CI 0.03‐0.85) was the only parameter associated with a reduced mortality. Frequency of emergencies as well as survival showed no difference regarding the way patients were cared for.ConclusionsIn patients with invasive home mechanical ventilation survival for more than 1 year seems to be common. Only the rate of emergencies affected survival.
Early intervention for youth at high risk for bipolar disorder: A multisite randomized trial of family‐focused treatment
Authors: Miklowitz David J. , Schneck Christopher D. , Walshaw Patricia D. , Garrett Amy S. , Singh Manpreet K. , Sugar Catherine A. , Chang Kiki D. 
Published: August 2017

AimsDespite the considerable public health impact of bipolar disorder (BD), no psychosocial interventions have been systematically evaluated in its early prodromal stages. We describe the rationale, design and analytic methods for a 3‐site randomized trial of family‐focused treatment for youth at high risk (FFT‐HR) for BD.MethodsParticipants (ages 9‐17 years) have a diagnosis of unspecified BD or major depressive disorder, current mood symptoms and at least one first‐ or second‐degree relative with a lifetime history of BD I or II. Participants are randomly assigned to FFT‐HR (12 sessions in 4 months of family psychoeducation and skills training) or enhanced care (EC; 6 individual and family sessions over 4 months), with pharmacotherapy provided as needed. A subset of participants undergo pre‐ and post‐treatment functional MRI (fMRI) scans while performing face‐rating and family problem‐solving tasks designed to activate corticolimbic circuitry. Independent evaluators assess participants’ status every 4 to 6 months for up to 4 years.ResultsWe hypothesize that FFT‐HR will be more effective than EC in reducing the severity of mood symptoms (primary outcome) and the hazard of a first manic episode (secondary) over 4 years. Secondarily, we will explore whether FFT‐HR is associated with greater decreases in amygdala activation and increases in dorsolateral, ventrolateral or anterior medial prefrontal cortex activation from pre‐ to post‐treatment. Clinical characteristics of 133 subjects enrolled at baseline are described.ConclusionsThis study will test a novel intervention to reduce the early symptoms of BD, and identify neural and behavioural mechanisms that may help refine future treatments.
Postoperative seizure freedom does not normalize altered connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Maccotta Luigi , Lopez Mayra A. , Adeyemo Babatunde , Ances Beau M. , Day Brian K. , Eisenman Lawrence N. , Dowling Joshua L. , Leuthardt Eric C. , Schlaggar Bradley L. , Hogan Robert Edward 
Published: August 2017

SummaryObjectivesSpecific changes in the functional connectivity of brain networks occur in patients with epilepsy. Yet whether such changes reflect a stable disease effect or one that is a function of active seizure burden remains unclear. Here, we longitudinally assessed the connectivity of canonical cognitive functional networks in patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), both before and after patients underwent epilepsy surgery and achieved seizure freedom.MethodsSeventeen patients with intractable TLE who underwent epilepsy surgery with Engel class I outcome and 17 matched healthy controls took part in the study. The functional connectivity of a set of cognitive functional networks derived from typical cognitive tasks was assessed in patients, preoperatively and postoperatively, as well as in controls, using stringent methods of artifact reduction.ResultsPreoperatively, functional networks in TLE patients differed significantly from healthy controls, with differences that largely, but not exclusively, involved the default mode and temporal/auditory subnetworks. However, undergoing epilepsy surgery and achieving seizure freedom did not lead to significant changes in network connectivity, with postoperative functional network abnormalities closely mirroring the preoperative state.SignificanceThis result argues for a stable chronic effect of the disease on brain connectivity, with changes that are largely “burned in” by the time a patient with intractable TLE undergoes epilepsy surgery, which typically occurs years after the initial diagnosis. The result has potential implications for the treatment of intractable epilepsy, suggesting that delaying surgical intervention that may achieve seizure freedom may lead to functional network changes that are no longer reversible by the time of epilepsy surgery.
Cancer incidence increasing globally: The role of relaxed natural selection
Authors: You Wenpeng , Henneberg Maciej 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCancer incidence increase has multiple aetiologies. Mutant alleles accumulation in populations may be one of them due to strong heritability of many cancers. The opportunity for the operation of natural selection has decreased in the past ~150 years because of reduction in mortality and fertility. Mutation‐selection balance may have been disturbed in this process and genes providing background for some cancers may have been accumulating in human gene pools. Worldwide, based on theWHOstatistics for 173 countries the index of the opportunity for selection is strongly inversely correlated with cancer incidence in peoples aged 0–49 years and in people of all ages. This relationship remains significant when gross domestic product per capita (GDP), life expectancy of older people (e50), obesity, physical inactivity, smoking and urbanization are kept statistically constant for fifteen (15) of twenty‐seven (27) individual cancers incidence rates. Twelve (12) cancers which are not correlated with relaxed natural selection after considering the six potential confounders are largely attributable to external causes like viruses and toxins. Ratios of the average cancer incidence rates of the 10 countries with lowest opportunities for selection to the average cancer incidence rates of the 10 countries with highest opportunities for selection are 2.3 (all cancers at all ages), 2.4 (all cancers in 0–49 years age group), 5.7 (average ratios of strongly genetically based cancers) and 2.1 (average ratios of cancers with less genetic background).