bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soliton Resolution for Corotational Wave Maps on a Wormhole
Authors: Rodriguez Casey 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this article, we initiate the study of finite energy equivariant wave maps from the $(1+3)$-dimensional spacetime ${\mathbb R} \times ({\mathbb R} \times {\mathbb S}^2) {\rightarrow} {\mathbb S}^3$ where the metric on ${\mathbb R} \times ({\mathbb R} \times {\mathbb S}^2)$ is given by \begin{align*} {\rm d}s^2 = -{\rm d}t^2 + {\rm d}r^2 + (r^2 + 1) \left ( {\rm d} \theta^2 + \sin^2 \theta {\rm d} \varphi^2 \right)\!, \quad t,r \in {\mathbb R}, (\theta,\varphi) \in {\mathbb S}^2. \end{align*} The constant time slices are each given by the Riemannian manifold ${\mathbb R} \times {\mathbb S}^2$ with metric \begin{align*} {\rm d}s^2 = {\rm d}r^2 + (r^2 + 1) \left ( {\rm d} \theta^2 + \sin^2 \theta{\rm d} \varphi^2 \right)\!. \end{align*} This Riemannian manifold contains two asymptotically Euclidean ends at $r \rightarrow \pm \infty$ that are connected by a spherical throat of area $4 \pi^2$ at $r = 0$. The spacetime ${\mathbb R} \times ({\mathbb R} \times {\mathbb S}^2) {\rightarrow} {\mathbb S}^3$ is a simple example of a wormhole geometry in general relativity. In this work, we will consider 1-equivariant or corotational wave maps. Each corotational wave map can be indexed by its topological degree $n$. For each $n$, there exists a unique energy minimizing corotational harmonic map $Q_{n} : {\mathbb R} \times {\mathbb S}^2 \rightarrow {\mathbb S}^3$ of degree $n$. In this work, we show that modulo a free radiation term, every corotational wave map of degree $n$ converges strongly to $Q_{n}$. This resolves a conjecture made by Bizon and Kahl for the corotational case.
The Perils of Vanguardism
Authors: Gordon Joshua C 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOver the past 25 years, Sweden has gone from having one of the most generous unemployment benefit systems among the rich democracies to one of the least. This article advances a multi-causal explanation for this unexpected outcome. It shows how the benefit system became a target of successive right-wing governments due to its role in fostering social democratic hegemony. Employer groups, radicalized by the turbulent 1970s more profoundly than elsewhere, sought to undermine the system, and their abandonment of corporatism in the early 1990s limited unions’ capacity to restrain right-wing governments in retrenchment initiatives. Two further developments help to explain the surprising political resilience of the cuts: the emergence of a private (supplementary) insurance regime and a realignment of working-class voters from the Social Democrats to parties of the right, especially the nativist Sweden Democrats, in the context of a liberal refugee/asylum policy.
Prediction of Descemet Membrane Perforation During Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Patients With Keratoconus With Stromal Scar
Authors: Ozmen Mehmet Cuneyt , Yesilirmak Nilufer , Aydin Bahri , Ceylanoglu Kubra Serbest , Atalay Hatice Tuba , Akata Fikret 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
To report big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in patients with keratoconus with corneal stromal scar, and to investigate factors that can influence intraoperative Descemet membrane (DM) perforation.

Methods:
A retrospective study included patients with keratoconus with central stromal scar that underwent DALK using the big-bubble technique. Best spectacle–corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), keratometry, minimum corneal thickness (MCT), stromal scar depth, and endothelial cell density (ECD) were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to predict an intraoperative perforation related to stromal scar.

Results:
Thirty-eight eyes of 38 patients with keratoconus (mean age: 30.0±9.2 years) were included in this study. Thirty-four eyes had successful DALK; in four eyes, the procedure was converted to penetrating keratoplasty because of DM macroperforations. Successful big-bubble formation was achieved in 24 of 38 (63.2%) eyes, whereas in 10 eyes, manual dissection was used to complete the DALK. Mean preoperative and postoperative second year BSCVA were 1.3 (±0.4) and 0.5 (±0.2) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (P<0.001), keratometry values were 65.5±7.4 and 42.8±7.8 diopters (P<0.001), and ECD were 2,740±359 and 2,279±452 cells/mm2 (P<0.001), respectively. Using ROC analysis, the area under curve value to predict DM perforation was found to be 0.792 (scar/MCT ratio, P=0.04) and the best cutoff point for scar depth/MCT ratio was 53%.

Conclusion:
Big-bubble DALK is effective in patients with keratoconus with stromal scars. Scar depth/MCT ratio seems to predict the DM perforation.
Postoperative care after tonsillectomy: what's the evidence?
Authors: Carpenter Patrick , Hall Daniel , Meier Jeremy D. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature regarding postoperative management after tonsillectomy in children.

Recent findings
Controversy remains regarding the ideal medication regimen to manage pain after tonsillectomy. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are routinely used, although concerns of more severe postoperative hemorrhage with ibuprofen remain. Narcotics are prescribed commonly, but with extreme caution in children with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Although not always utilized by the authors, additional adjunctive medications such as perioperative dexamethasone, ketamine, and local infiltration of lidocaine into tonsillar pillars may decrease postoperative pain. Systematic reviews have shown that dexamethasone does not increase risk of posttonsillectomy bleeding.

Summary
Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed on children and may have significant morbidity from postoperative pain and bleeding. Managing pain remains challenging and the optimal treatment regimen has not been definitively identified. Many medications and alternative therapies have been studied and suggest possible benefit.
Test-Retest Reliability of an Experienced Global Trigger Tool Review Team
Authors: Bjørn Brian , Anhøj Jacob , Østergaard Mette , Kodal Anne Marie , von Plessen Christian 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
During a comprehensive patient safety program at a 550-bed regional hospital in the Capital Region of Denmark, we observed an unexpected and unexplained doubling of the median patient harm rate from 56 to 109 harms per 1000 patient days measured by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Global Trigger Tool (GTT). Meanwhile, other measures of patient safety, including hospital standardized mortality ratio, were stable or improving. Moreover, the review team was very experienced and stable during this period. Thus, we hypothesized that the increase in harm rate was not a true reflection of increased risk of patient harm but the result of the team getting better at identifying harms during GTT reviews.

Methods
We examined the ability of the GTT review team to reproduce the rate of harm of two separate periods in the same hospital: period 1 (January–June 2010) and period 2 (October 2011–March 2012). For each period, we examined two samples: the original sample that was drawn and used for the ongoing monitoring of harm at the hospital during the safety campaign and a second that we drew and analyzed for this study.

Results
We found increased harm rates both between review 1 and review 2 and between period 1 and period 2. The increase was solely in category E, minor temporary harm.

Conclusions
The very experienced GTT team could not reproduce harm rates found in earlier reviews. We conclude that GTT in its present form is not a reliable measure of harm rate over time.
Partner Notification for Youth Living With HIV in 14 Cities in the United States
Authors: van den Berg Jacob J. , Javanbakht Marjan , Gorbach Pamina M. , Rudy Bret J. , Westfall Andrew O. , Wilson Craig M. , Lally Michelle A. ,   The Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions
Published: October 2017

Background:
Identifying factors associated with partner notification among youth living with HIV is critical for effective HIV prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods:
A total of 924 male and female behaviorally infected youth aged 13–24 across 14 U.S. cities completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview including questions about demographics and experiences with patient- and provider-referral partner notification.

Results:
The majority of participants self-identified as male (82.5%), Black/non-Hispanic (70.1%), and Hispanic/Latino (18.2%). Most males (93.4%) reported engaging in male-to-male sexual contact. Over three-quarters (77.6%) reported that all or some of their partners were contacted, while 22.4% indicated that none were contacted regarding potential HIV exposure. Most (52.4%) reported that only one person talked to them about notifying partners including the HIV tester (36.5%) followed by their health care provider/doctor (27.6%). Less than a fifth (18.3%) were themselves notified of their own exposure to HIV. Using multivariable logistic regression, 3 factors were associated with successful partner notification: (1) when more than one person talked to participants about partner notification (AOR = 1.87, 1.33–2.62); (2) if they themselves had been notified of their own HIV exposure (AOR = 1.83, 1.13–2.95); and (3) if their education included some college or technical school versus less than high school (AOR = 1.72, 1.04–2.85).

Conclusions:
Partner notification among youth living with HIV is unsuccessful at least 22.4% of the time, although minimal criteria for partner services are being met almost universally. Partner notification might benefit from enhanced guidelines that call for both HIV testers and HIV care providers to discuss this important strategy with HIV-positive youth.
Cleft Lip and Palate: Demographic Patterns and the Associated Communication Disorders
Authors: Alfwaress Firas S. D. , Khwaileh Fadwa A. , Rawashdeh Ma’amon A. , Alomari Mahmoud A. , Nazzal Mohammad S. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
This study investigated demographical characteristics, health status, and associated communication disorders in patients with orofacial clefts (OFCs) in Northern Jordan.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 226 cleft patients and their families was carried out between March 2012 and September 2016 at the Speech and Hearing Clinic and the Maxillofacial Center at King Abdullah University Hospital. Data were collected by interviewing patients and caregivers, having patients or caregiver to complete a questionnaire and reviewing the patient's medical records. The frequencies of OFC type, demographic, health status, and communication disorders variables were calculated. χ
2 analysis was used to test for significance of associated demographic and communication disorders variables with OFC type.

Results:
Results revealed higher percentage of males compared with female patients. The majority of OFC patients were born to families who lived in urban areas, obtained high school diploma or lower educational level, lived below poverty cutoff, and showed nonconsanguineous marriages. Most mothers took the prescribed pregnancy supplements. Only one-third of the families received health education and reported other incidences of OFCs. Twenty percent of the patients had other congenital anomalies, 80% experienced dysphagia prior to the cleft repair, dropped to 14% after the repair. Higher percentage of patients with isolated cleft palate and cleft lip and palate exhibited hearing loss, hypernasality, articulation and phonological disorders, and dysphagia compared with those with cleft lip only. None of the demographic variables was associated with OFC type.

Conclusions:
Data suggested that families who had children with OFCs displayed poor socioeconomic status and low educational level which may impede the delivery of health education by health practitioners. Increased risk of comorbid communication disorders and malformations in OFC patients must be emphasized and disseminated to health professionals involved in the management of patients with OFC.
Silicone Facial Prosthesis: A Preliminary Report on Silicone Adhesion to Magnet
Authors: Kim Soung Min , Cho Yun Ju , Eo Mi Young , Kim Jong Sic , Lee Suk Keun 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Although a silicone facial prosthesis has many advantages, silicone's limited cementation with resin or metal has caused many maxillofacial reconstructive surgeons and prosthodontists concern regarding the use of silicone-based facial prostheses. This study demonstrates 1 representative silicone facial prosthesis patient with magnet cementation to silicone using plastic clay, which will be applied to various maxillofacial prosthesis strategies in the near future.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects the Liver from Septic Injury by Modulating TLR4-Mediated Mitochondrial Quality Control in Mice
Authors: Park Jin-Sook , Choi Hyo-Sun , Yim So-Yeon , Lee Sun-Mee 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Mitochondrial quality control (QC) is characterized by self-recovering mitochondrial damage through mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and fission/fusion. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts as a signaling molecule to modulate inflammation. The present study elucidated the cytoprotective mechanisms of HO-1 in sepsis, particularly focusing on toll-like receptor (TLR)4-mediated mitochondrial QC. Mice were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mice were injected intraperitoneally with hemin (10 mg/kg) at 12 h before CLP or zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP; 30 mg/kg) at 2 h before CLP. The serum and tissues were collected 6 h after CLP. Mortality, MODS, and proinflammatory cytokines increased in septic mice. These increases were augmented by ZnPP but attenuated by hemin. Hemin decreased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hemin enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, as indicated by increased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Hemin also enhanced mitophagy, as indicated by decreased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) level and increased Parkin level. Hemin decreased fission-related protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and increased fusion-related protein, mitofusin 2. Hemin attenuated the increased TLR4 expression. TAK-242, a TLR4 antagonist, attenuated mortality, inflammatory response, and impaired mitochondrial QC. Our findings suggest that HO-1 attenuates septic injury by modulating TLR4-mediated mitochondrial QC.
[18F]-THK5351 PET Imaging in Patients With Semantic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Lee Hyon , Seo Seongho , Lee Sang-Yoon , Jeong Hye Jin , Woo Sung-Ho , Lee Kyoung-Min , Lee Yeong-Bae , Park Kee Hyung , Heo Jae-Hyeok , Yoon Cindy W. , Kang Jae Myeong , Cho Jaelim , Okamura Nobuyuki , Furumoto Shozo , Yanai Kazuhiko , Na Duk L. , Ido Tatsuo , Villemagne Victor L. , Noh Young 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) has been associated with a variety of proteinopathies, mainly transactive response DNA-binding protein, but also with tau and β-amyloid. Recently selective tau tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed to determine the presence of cerebral tau deposits in vivo. Here, we investigated the topographical distribution of THK5351 in svPPA patients.

Materials and Methods:
Five svPPA patients, 14 Alzheimer’s disease patients, and 15 age-matched normal controls underwent [18F]-THK5351 PET scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and detailed neuropsychological tests. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET was obtained in 3 svPPA patients, whereas the remaining 2 underwent amyloid PET using [18F]-flutemetamol. Tau distribution among the 3 groups was compared using regions of interest–based and voxel-based statistical analyses.

Results:
In svPPA patients, [18F]-THK5351 retention was elevated in the anteroinferior and lateral temporal cortices compared with the normal controls group (left>right), and in the left inferior and temporal polar region compared with Alzheimer’s disease patients. [18F]-THK5351 retention inversely correlated with glucose metabolism, whereas regional THK retention correlated with clinical severity. [18F]-flutemetamol scans were negative for β-amyloid.

Conclusions:
These findings show that [18F]-THK5351 retention may be detected in cortical regions correlating with svPPA pathology.
Predictors of Electroconvulsive Therapy Use in a Large Inpatient Psychiatry Population
Authors: Knight Julia , Jantzi Micaela , Hirdes John , Rabinowitz Terry 
Published: October 2017

Objective
There is limited research on reliable and clinically useful predictors of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) use. We aimed to examine factors that predict ECT use in an inpatient psychiatric population.

Design
Retrospective analysis of provincial database for inpatient psychiatry.

Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis of a provincial database for inpatient psychiatry. The study includes all psychiatric inpatients 18 years or older in Ontario, Canada, assessed with the Resident Assessment Instrument for Mental Health (RAI-MH) within the first 3 days of admission between 2009 and 2014 (n = 153,023). The RAI-MH is a validated assessment tool which includes a breadth of information on symptoms, self-harm, functioning, social support, comorbid medical diagnoses, and risk appraisal. Multivariable analyses were performed using SAS.

Results
One hundred forty-five thousand seven hundred (95.2%) of patients admitted had no history of ECT treatment and were not scheduled to receive ECT. A total of 7323 (or 4.8% of the patient population) had either a history of ECT use or were scheduled to receive ECT. Overall rate of ECT use was highest in patients with a provisional diagnosis of mood disorder (7.2%) compared with schizophrenia/other psychotic disorder (3.1%) or substance-related disorder (1.7%). Women were more likely to receive ECT compared with men (overall rates of ECT use 6.2% and 3.4%, respectively). Overall rate of ECT use increased significantly with increasing age. Number of prior hospitalizations was also a strong predictor of ECT use. Conversely, patients with elevated Risk of Harm to Others, schizophrenia, or a substance use disorder were all significantly less likely to receive ECT. All variables examined were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Higher Severity of Self Harm Scores predicted past use, but not scheduled use of ECT.

Conclusions
This is the largest study to date on predictors of ECT use. Utilization of RAI-MH is a novel and clinically useful method for evaluating predictors of ECT use. Predictors of ECT use within an inpatient population include: presence of a mood disorder, female sex, older age, low risk of harm to others, number of lifetime hospitalizations, lack of substance use disorder, and inability to care for self.
An agent-based model of the Foraging Ascomycete Hypothesis
Authors: Thomas Daniel , Vandegrift Roo , Roy Bitty 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMost trees host hundreds of species of fungi asymptomatically in their internal tissues, known collectively as fungal endophytes. The Foraging Ascomycete (FA) hypothesis proposes that some fungal endophytes inhabit the internal leaf tissue of forest trees in order to enhance dispersal to substrates on the forest floor, by using leaves as vectors and as refugia during periods of environmental stress. This dispersal strategy has been termed viaphytism. Following the FA hypothesis, many fungi may therefore be in continuous and cyclical flux between life stages as endophytes in the forest canopy and as wood-decomposing fungi on the forest floor. This cycle may represent a very common and previously-ignored process in the ecology of forests, with implications for forest health. The ecological consequences of the FA hypothesis are complex, so we constructed an agent-based model of the FA hypothesis. Our model is intended to serve as both an explicit conceptual explanation of the FA hypothesis, and as an exploration of the conditions in which a strategy of endophytism accompanied by leaf dispersal may be advantageous for fungi. In a scenario of a viaphytic fungal species on a model forest landscape, without fungal competitors, viaphytism is predicted to be a plausible alternative to dispersal to substrates by spores alone, allowing the fungus to persist reliably on the landscape. In a scenario that allows competition from aggressively dispersed non-viaphytic fungi, the model predicts some competitive benefits to fungal dispersal via leaves. However, these benefits are conditional, requiring sufficient retention through time of endophyte infections by host trees, and sufficient host trees on the landscape. In the model, loss of these fungal populations can result from increased local disturbances of forest canopy, and deforestation.
Actin and Src-family kinases regulate nuclear YAP1 and its export
Authors: Ege Nil , Dowbaj Anna M , Jiang Ming , Howell Michael , Jenkins Robert P , Sahai Erik 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe transcriptional regulator YAP1 is critical for the pathological activation of fibroblasts. In normal fibroblasts YAP1 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm, while in activated cancer-associated fibroblasts it exhibits nuclear localization and promotes the expression of many genes required for pro-tumorigenic functions. Here, we investigate the dynamics of YAP1 shuttling in normal and activated fibroblasts, using EYFP-YAP1, quantitative photo-bleaching methods, and mathematical modeling. We find that both 14-3-3 and TEAD binding modulate YAP1 shuttling, but neither affects nuclear import. Instead, we find that YAP1 serine phosphorylation is required for nuclear export. Furthermore, YAP1 nuclear accumulation in activated fibroblasts results from Src and actomyosin-dependent suppression of phosphorylated YAP1 export. Finally, we show that nuclear constrained YAP1, upon XPO1 depletion, remains sensitive to blockade of actomyosin function. Together, these data place nuclear export at the center of YAP1 regulation and indicate that the cytoskeleton can regulate YAP1 within the nucleus.
Dual pillars of hotel restaurant food quality satisfaction and brand loyalty
Authors: Bihamta Hassan , Jayashree Sreenivasan , Rezaei Sajad , Okumus Fevzi , Rahimi Roya 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of service quality (physical quality and staff behaviour) and brand equity (brand quality, brand awareness and brand image) on hotel restaurant food quality satisfaction and brand loyalty among international and local travellers in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 354 valid questionnaires were collected to assess the measurement and structural model for reflective latent constructs using the two steps of covariance-based structural equation modelling.

Findings
The research findings suggest that while travellers’ nationality moderates the path between physical quality, staff behaviour and brand image on food quality satisfaction, it does not moderate the relationship between brand quality and brand awareness on food quality satisfaction. This finding further suggests that towards enhancing service quality and brand equity on food quality satisfaction and brand loyalty, managers should understand the important distinctions between international and local travellers.

Originality/value
Previous studies have mostly examined the impact of brand equity and service quality towards tourist satisfaction and very few studies have examined the impact of restaurant service quality and brand equity on consumer satisfaction and brand loyalty specifically among international and local travellers. This is one of the first few studies providing empirical evidence and discussions in this area.