bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education In early republican period: Legitimacy of the new regime and “nation manners”
Authors: Çokoğullar Emel , Bozaslan B. Mehmet 
Published: December 2015

In 1923 with the proclamation of the Republic began a new era. One of the main issues of this period has been to provide the legitimacy of the new regime. Corresponds to the specified purpose education has tried to take advantage of the functional direction. The secular nature of the winning educational institutions, described the principles of the new regime and the real salvation were stated to be realized by obedience to political power and these principles. In this way, both have tried to create a Turkish nation and commitment to the political power of the shaped by a "manners" the emphasis is prominent.Keywords: Education, Early Republican Period, National Education, The New Regime.
Serotonin Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Regeneration in Rats
Authors: Nam Soon‐Shin , Lee Jeong Cheol , Kim Hyo Jeong , Park Jin‐Woo , Lee Jae‐Mok , Suh Jo‐Young , Um Heung‐Sik , Kim Jae‐Young , Lee Youngkyun , Kim Yong‐Gun 
Published: December 2015

Background: Although increasing evidence indicates that serotonin (SER; 5‐hydroxytrypamine [5‐HT]) is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, conflicting data exist regarding whether SER promotes or inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Regeneration of functional bone is required for proper osseointegration of dental implants. Noticeably, the use of selective SER reuptake inhibitors was recently associated with the failure of osseointegrated dental implants. The present study examines the direct role of peripheral SER on the regulation of bone regeneration.Methods: The effect of SER on osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration was examined using rat calvarial cell cultures in vitro and a rat critical‐sized calvarial defect model in vivo.Results: Rat calvarial cells expressed SER receptors Htr1 (5‐HT1) and Htr2 (5‐HT2), which are known to transmit signals in bone cells. In vitro, SER significantly reduced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of rat calvarial cells with concomitant reduction of osteoblast marker genes including alkaline phosphatase (Alpl), osterix (Sp7), and osteocalcin (Bglap). Histologic and radiologic analyses using the rat critical‐sized calvarial defect model revealed that the existence of SER significantly inhibited β‐phase tricalcium phosphate–induced bone regeneration.Conclusion: Results suggest that SER in the local bone microenvironment might play a negative role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in rats.
Effect of Chronic Periodontitis on Oxidative Status in Patients With Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Sezer Ufuk , Şenyurt Süleyman Ziya , Gündoğar Hasan , Erciyas Kamile , Üstün Kemal , Kimyon Gezmiş , Kırtak Necmettin , Taysı Seyithan , Onat Ahmet Mesut 
Published: December 2015

Background: Psoriasis (PS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and chronic periodontitis (CP) are the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and have remarkable pathologic similarities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of periodontal inflammation on oxidative stress in patients with PS and PsA by evaluating serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, levels of lipid hydroperoxides, and the activities of paraoxonase, arylesterase, and ceruloplasmin. Also measured were the levels of prolidase and total sulfhydryl groups.Methods: A total of 120 participants were divided into six groups of 20 participants: 1) PS with CP (PS‐CP); 2) PS‐periodontally healthy (PS‐C); 3) PsA with CP (PsA‐CP); 4) PsA‐periodontally healthy (PsA‐C); 5) systemically healthy with CP (CP); and 6) both systemically and periodontally healthy (C). Demographic, periodontal, and serum oxidative parameters were evaluated.Results: Oxidative stress index values of PS‐C, PS‐CP, PsA‐C, and PsA‐CP groups were approximately twice as high as those of C and CP groups, and there were no differences between any of the PS (PS‐C and PS‐CP), and PsA (PsA‐C and PsA‐CP) groups. Total antioxidant status levels of the C group were higher by 27% compared with those of the PS‐C and the PsA‐CP groups (P <0.05). Total oxidant status levels of both PsA‐C and PsA‐CP groups were approximately twice as high as those of the C (P <0.05) and CP (P <0.05, P <0.001 respectively) groups.Conclusions: The contribution of CP on systemic oxidative levels in patients with PS and PsA or systemically healthy individuals seems limited. PS and PsA did not show any additional detrimental effect on clinical parameters in patients with CP.
Effects on Bone Repair of Osteotomy With Drills or With Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium‐Scandium‐Gallium‐Garnet Laser: Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Esteves Jônatas Caldeira , de Souza Faloni Ana Paula , Macedo Paula Delello , Nakata Patrícia Borges , Chierici Marcantonio Rosemary Adriana , Intini Giuseppe , Marcantonio Elcio 
Published: December 2015

Background: The erbium, chromium:yttrium‐scandium‐gallium‐garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser has been widely used in the dental clinic; however, few studies have demonstrated the advantages of the use of this laser for bone osteotomies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the bone repair process of defects generated by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser or conventional drills.Methods: Ninety‐six rats were divided into two groups of 48 animals (drill group and laser group). After surgical exposure of the right tibia, the animals were subjected to a 2‐mm‐diameter osteotomy created by conventional drills (drill group) or by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser (laser group). The animals were sacrificed 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days after the creation of the defect, and histologic sections were obtained and used for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses for the detection of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‐B ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor, and caspase‐3.Results: The osteotomy with the drill produced well‐delimited and smooth walls, whereas the osteotomies in the laser group were irregular and presented an amorphous basophilic line and bone necrosis that was slowly resorbed during the repair process. Despite these characteristics, bone repair was similar between groups at various time points, and, at 60 days, the defects in both groups were completely repaired by newly formed bone.Conclusion: The repair process of osteotomies created by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, despite producing thermal damage to bone tissue, is comparable to that with conventional drills.
Lipopolysaccharide Activates the Unfolded Protein Response in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
Authors: Wang Ying , Gong Jiuyu , Zeng Hanyu , Liu Rongrong , Jin Boquan , Chen Lihua , Wang Qintao 
Published: December 2015

Background: The activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been demonstrated in periodontal diseases. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the UPR is induced in periodontitis remain unclear. In this study, the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the induction of the UPR in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) in vitro are investigated.Methods: HPDLFs isolated from human PDLs were stimulated with various concentrations of Escherichia coli LPS (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL) for the indicated time points (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 hours). The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of molecular markers associated with UPR activation, such as glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), were measured at different time points of LPS treatment. Apoptosis of HPDLFs was assessed by Annexin V‐FITC and propidium iodide staining, followed by flow cytometry.Results: LPS treatment of HPDLFs increased GRP78 mRNA and protein levels in a concentration‐dependent manner. Additionally, LPS also induced the expression, splicing, and activation of XBP1 mRNA. Moreover, LPS‐induced CHOP expression was concentration dependent: a lower concentration of LPS (0.1 μg/mL) had no effect on CHOP mRNA levels, but higher concentrations of LPS (1 and 10 μg/mL) markedly increased CHOP mRNA and protein expression without inducing apoptosis.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that activating the Toll‐like receptor‐4 signaling pathway in HPDLFs using LPS triggers the UPR in vitro, warranting additional investigation into the precise mechanisms by which pathways promote this response under inflammatory conditions.
The World Health Organization STEPwise Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance: Methods, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Riley Leanne , Guthold Regina , Cowan Melanie , Savin Stefan , Bhatti Lubna , Armstrong Timothy , Bonita Ruth 
Published: December 2015

Objectives. We sought to outline the framework and methods used by the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease (NCD) surveillance (STEPS), describe the development and current status, and discuss strengths, limitations, and future directions of STEPS surveillance. Methods. STEPS is a WHO-developed, standardized but flexible framework for countries to monitor the main NCD risk factors through questionnaire assessment and physical and biochemical measurements. It is coordinated by national authorities of the implementing country. The STEPS surveys are generally household-based and interviewer-administered, with scientifically selected samples of around 5000 participants. Results. To date, 122 countries across all 6 WHO regions have completed data collection for STEPS or STEPS-aligned surveys. Conclusions. STEPS data are being used to inform NCD policies and track risk-factor trends. Future priorities include strengthening these linkages from data to action on NCDs at the country level, and continuing to develop STEPS’ capacities to enable a regular and continuous cycle of risk-factor surveillance worldwide.
The Effect of Niobium on the Microstructure and Phase Transformation Kinetics in Low-Carbon Medium Manganese Steels*
Authors: Peissl P. , Schneider R. , Rahofer M. , Samek L. , Arenholz E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Medium-Mn steels are a promising candidate to fulfil the requirements of the 3rd generation of AHSS (Advanced High Strength Steels) which combine high strength and high ductility. A new approach is to add micro alloying elements, like niobium, to affect microstructural development during recrystallization and phase transformations. Using a quenching dilatometer, the kinetics of the phase transformations from austenite (810 °C and 840 °C) to its transformation-products by varying different cooling rates (100 K/s to 0.03 K/s) were investigated for two low carbon medium-manganese steels with different contents of niobium. Based on the dilatometric curves, the results of light optical microscopy (LOM) and quantitative metallography, measurements of the retained austenite (RA) content by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and hardness measurements, continuous-cooling-transformation (CCT) diagrams were constructed. Furthermore, the influence of the element niobium on the microstructure after intercritical annealing was investigated by similar methods. Different etching-methods (Nital, Klemm-I) were applied to reveal different microstructural aspects. Besides considerable grain-refinement effects with increased niobium content, the phase-transformations were accelerated in the CCT-diagrams. The microstructure varies from 100 % martensite to certain amounts of bainite, but also ferrite at lower cooling rates. Intercritical annealing results in different amounts of retained austenite.
Absolute SPECT/CT quantification of cerebral uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO for patients with neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Welz Friedrich , Sanders James , Kuwert Torsten , Maler Juan , Kornhuber Johannes , Ritt Philipp 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIt was reported from planar imaging studies that the cerebral uptake of injected 99mTc-HMPAO activity is about 4–7% in humans. Recent work has shown that modern SPECT/ CT devices are able to quantify the tissue concentration of radioactivity in vivo in absolute units (Bq/ml), while avoiding the limitations of planar techniques. The aims of this study were (a) to determine the cerebral uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO in absolute units in SPECT/CT, (b) to investigate potential differences in absolute tracer uptake for patients suspected of dementia. Patients, methods: We performed 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT/CT in 65 patients with suspected dementia. 99mTc-HMPAO uptake was determined using a previously published quantitative SPECT/CT protocol. The absolute HMPAO uptake and the results of a regionalized analysis were compared for MMSE and NINCDS-ADRDA based patient groups. Results: The mean absolute uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO for our patient population was 4.3 ± 0.8% of the injected dose. The uptake, as well as the regionalized analysis yielded significantly different results for low ( 23) and high (>23) MMSE groups and also for some of the NINCDS-ADRDA groups. Conclusion: Our results show that the absolute cerebral uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO is in the range of previously reported results, obtained by planar techniques. Absolute uptake is significantly different between the patient groups.
Les joueurs amateurs de poker : une communauté de pratique ?
Authors: Brody Aymeric 
Published: December 2015

Cet article s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée entre 2007 et 2011 auprès des joueurs amateurs de poker en France. Analysant plus particulièrement les résultats d’un questionnaire ethnographique diffusé lors d’un tournoi réunissant plusieurs milliers de participants, l’auteur cherche à comprendre ce qui a pu pousser ces amateurs à s’engager dans la compétition. Au-delà des perspectives de gains – sommes toutes assez réduites –, c’est d’abord le plaisir de jouer et l’envie de progresser dans la pratique du jeu qui auraient suscité leur engagement. Habitués à jouer au poker sur internet, ces joueurs partagent en effet le même désir de se forger de nouvelles expériences du jeu. Le tournoi en question leur offre ainsi une occasion de se réunir autour de leur passion commune pour poursuivre leur apprentissage du jeu. Loin de la figure médiatique du poker player obsédé par l’appât du gain et la réussite individuelle, l’enquête de terrain révèle finalement l’existence d’une communauté de joueurs pour qui le jeu d’argent est devenu une passion ordinaire.
A Case of Bilateral Uveitis and Papillitis in a Patient Treated with Pembrolizumab
Authors: Abu Samra Khawla , Valdes-Navarro Manuel , Lee Stacey , Swan Robert , Foster C. Stephen , Anesi Stephen D. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Drug-induced uveitis is a well-known effect of ocular inflammation that has been reported with many medications. Pembrolizumab is a newer generation of the anti-programmed cell death-1 monoclonal antibodies that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Immune-mediated adverse events involving different organs have been reported in recent literature in association with this drug. We present the first reported case of uveitis in association with pembrolizumab therapy. Case report An 82-year-old man with stage IV melanoma was started on pembrolizumab infusion treatment every 3 weeks. Two months after initiating therapy, he presented with bilateral severe anterior uveitis and papillitis with fast and complete recovery after withholding further pembrolizumab infusions and treatment with topical steroid. Uveitis recurred after restarting pembrolizumab therapy. Conclusions In current clinical practice, many new drugs are being approved, requiring better characterization of the prevalence, onset, and nature of adverse events in order to aid development of effective management strategies. Ophthalmologists should keep in mind that drugs are always a possible cause of ocular inflammation in patients presenting with uveitis.
Rapidly Growing Iris Melanocytoma with Secondary Glaucoma in a 6-Year-Old Child
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Finger Paul T. , Sidoti Paul A. , Semenova Ekaterina , Iacob Codrin E. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose To describe an unusual case of pediatric iris melanocytoma with pigment dispersion glaucoma that resolved after resection of the primary tumor. Methods Retrospective case review of the clinical record, ultrasonographic images, and histopathology. Results A 6-year-old Asian girl, with a dark iris tumor, pigment dispersion, and secondary glaucoma, was initially treated with topical antiglaucoma medication and observation. Rapid growth prompted biopsy, revealing melanocytoma. As the tumor continued to grow, excision of the primary tumor was performed. Surgery proved curative in that the pigment dispersion slowly reabsorbed and her glaucoma resolved. Conclusions In this case, rapid growth did not indicate malignant transformation. Initial observation for growth and judiciously timed surgical intervention prevented progression, loss of vision, and potentially the loss of the eye.
Cement-within-Cement Revision of Infected Total Hip Replacement; Disappointing Results in 10 Retrospective Cases
Authors: Leijtens Borg , Sadeghi Nasrat , Schreurs Berend W. , Rijnen Wim H. 
Published: December 2015

Introduction This retrospective analysis evaluates 10 patients with a late infection of a cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) treated with two-stage revision with retention of the original well-fixed femoral cement mantle. Methods Clinical, laboratory, and radiological outcomes were evaluated. The average age at the first-stage revision procedure was 61.5 years (range 38-80 y). The mean follow-up period was 26 months (range 5-54 m). Results Successful eradication of the primary microorganism was achieved in 2 patients. These patients had negative cultures at second stage and did not show any signs of infection during follow-up. The other 8 patients were considered as failures. In 3 patients, the femoral cement mantle was removed after the first stage due to recurrent infection in Girdlestone situation. In 2 patients, cultures showed the same micro-organism at first and second stage, treated with 3 months of antibiotics after second stage. 2 patients showed negative cultures at second stage but still had recurrent infection afterwards. These where treated with debridement and implant retention (DAIR) and 3 months of antibiotics. 1 patient was treated with suppressive antibiotics for persistent prosthetic joint infection after second stage, despite DAIR and therapeutic antibiotic treatment. Conclusions Based on this study, results of two-stage revision with retention of femoral cement mantle are disappointing in treatment of infected THA. Therefore, more research is required to determine which patients are appropriate for cement-within-cement revision.
Fluid Dynamic Characterization of a Polymeric Heart Valve Prototype (Poli-Valve) Tested under Continuous and Pulsatile Flow Conditions
Authors: De Gaetano Francesco , Serrani Marta , Bagnoli Paola , Brubert Jacob , Stasiak Joanna , Moggridge Geoff D. , Costantino Maria Laura 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Only mechanical and biological heart valve prostheses are currently commercially available. The former show longer durability but require anticoagulant therapy; the latter display better fluid dynamic behavior but do not have adequate durability. New Polymeric Heart Valves (PHVs) could potentially combine the hemodynamic properties of biological valves with the durability of mechanical valves. This work presents a hydrodynamic evaluation of 2 groups of newly developed supra-annular, trileaflet prosthetic heart valves made from styrenic block copolymers (SBC): Poli-Valves. Methods 2 types of Poli-Valves made of SBC and differing in polystyrene fraction content were tested under continuous and pulsatile flow conditions as prescribed by ISO 5840 Standard. A pulse duplicator designed ad hoc allowed the valve prototypes to be tested at different flow rates and frequencies. Pressure and flow were recorded; pressure drops, effective orifice area (EOA), and regurgitant volume were computed to assess the behavior of the valve. Results Both types of Poli-Valves met the minimum requirements in terms of regurgitation and EOA as specified by the ISO 5840 Standard. Results were compared with 5 mechanical heart valves (MHVs) and 5 tissue heart valves (THVs), currently available on the market. Conclusions Based on these results, PHVs based on styrenic block copolymers, as are Poli-Valves, can be considered a promising alternative for heart valve replacement in the near future.
Translation of Cell Therapy into Clinical Practice: Validation of an Application Procedure for Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells and Platelet Rich Plasma
Authors: Nowotny Joerg , Farack Jana , Vater Corina , Johnsen Matthias , Gelinsky Michael , Tonn Torsten , Kasten Philip 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Tissue regeneration can be improved by local application of autologous bone marrow derived progenitor cells (BMSC) and platelet rich plasma (PRP). However, there is a lack of standardized application procedures for clinical use. Therefore, a technique in accordance with the guidelines for advanced therapies medical products of the European Medicine Agency was developed and established. Methods In detail, a process for the isolation and formulation of autologous bone marrow cells (BMC) and PRP in a clinical setting was validated. To investigate the influence of storage time and temperature on gel formation and gel stability, different concentrations of BMC were stored with and without additional platelets, thrombin and fibrinogen and analyzed over a period of 28 days. In addition, cell vitality using a live-dead staining and migration ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in the gel clot was investigated. Results For an optimized stable gel clot, human BMC and PRP should be combined with 10% to 20% fibrinogen (9 mg/mL to 18 mg/mL) and 5% to 20% thrombin (25 I.E. to 100 I.E.). Both freshly prepared and stored cells for 1 to 7 days had a stable consistence over 28 days at 37°C. Different platelet concentrations did not influence gel clot formation. The ratio of living cells did not decrease significantly over the observation period of 5 days in the live-dead staining. Conclusions The study identified an optimal gel texture for local application of BMC and PRP. Seeded hMSC could migrate therein and were able to survive to initiate a healing cascade.