bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Porous Carbon Framework Stabilized Ultra‐Uniform Nano γ‐Fe2O3: A Useful Catalyst System
Authors: Ai Yongjian , He Mengqi , Lv Qianrui , Liu Lei , Sun Hong‐bin , Ding Mingyu , Liang Qionglin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe present a novel strategy for the scalable fabrication of γ‐Fe2O3@3DPCF, a three‐dimensional porous carbon framework (PCF) anchored ultra‐uniform and ultra‐stable γ‐Fe2O3 nanocatalyst. The γ‐Fe2O3@3DPCF nanocomposites were facilely prepared with the following route: condensation of iron(III) acetylacetonate with acetylacetonate at room temperature to form the polymer precursor (PPr), which was carbonized subsequently at 800 °C. The homogeneous aldol condensation offered an ultra‐uniform distribution of iron, so that the γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were uniformly distributed in the 3D carbon architecture with the average size of approximate 20 nm. The Fe2O3 NPs were capped with carbon, so that the iron oxide maintained its γ‐phase instead of the more stable α‐phase. The nanocomposite was an excellent catalyst for the reduction of nitroarene; it gave >99 % conversion and 100 % selectivity for the reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines at 100 °C. The fabrication of the γ‐Fe2O3@3DPCF nanocatalyst represents a green and scalable method for the synthesis of novel carbon‐based metal oxide nanostructures.
Kinetics of cellulose pyrolysis: Ensuring optimal outcomes
Authors: Adenson Michael O. , Kelley Matthew D. , Elkelany Osama O. , Biernacki Joseph J. , Liu Yung‐Way 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used for decades to study the thermal decomposition of cellulose. Unfortunately, reported kinetic parameters extracted from TGA‐based datasets for cellulose pyrolysis vary greatly; activation energies between 166 and 250 kJ/mol have been reported. In addition to heat and mass transfer limitations and source of biomass, which have previously been used to explain such variations, this work shows that the choice of regression objective function and optimization strategy are also important factors. Taking all into consideration, the activation energy of slow pyrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose was estimated to be 199 ± 2.0 kJ/mol.
The Mouse Model of Infection with Citrobacter rodentium
Authors: Bouladoux Nicolas , Harrison Oliver J. , Belkaid Yasmine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCitrobacter rodentium is a murine mucosal pathogen used as a model to elucidate the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of infection with two clinically important human gastrointestinal pathogens, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). C. rodentium infection provides an excellent model to study different aspects of host‐pathogen interaction in the gut, including intestinal inflammatory responses during bacteria‐induced colitis, mucosal healing and epithelial repair, the induction of mucosal immune responses, and the role of the intestinal microbiota in mediating resistance to colonization by enteric pathogens. This unit provides detailed protocols for growing this bacterium, infecting mice by intragastric inoculation, measuring bacterial loads in feces and organs, and monitoring intestinal pathology induced by infection. Additional protocols describe steps needed to create frozen stocks, establish a growth curve, perform ex vivo organ cultures, isolate immune cells from the large intestine, and measure immune response by flow cytometry. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Regulation of plasma membrane expansion during axon formation
Authors: Quiroga Santiago , Bisbal Mariano , Cáceres Alfredo 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTHere, will review current evidence regarding the signaling pathways and mechanisms underlying membrane addition at sites of active growth during axon formation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 170–180, 2018
Increased glia density in the caudate nucleus in williams syndrome: Implications for frontostriatal dysfunction in autism
Authors: Hanson Kari L. , Lew Caroline H. , Hrvoj‐Mihic Branka , Groeniger Kimberly M. , Halgren Eric , Bellugi Ursula , Semendeferi Katerina 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTWilliams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with a well‐described, known genetic etiology. In contrast to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), WS has a unique phenotype characterized by global reductions in IQ and visuospatial ability, with relatively preserved language function, enhanced reactivity to social stimuli and music, and an unusual eagerness to interact socially with strangers. A duplication of the deleted region in WS has been implicated in a subset of ASD cases, defining a spectrum of genetic and behavioral variation at this locus defined by these opposite extremes in social behavior. The hypersociability characteristic of WS may be linked to abnormalities of frontostriatal circuitry that manifest as deficits in inhibitory control of behavior. Here, we examined the density of neurons and glia in associative and limbic territories of the striatum including the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens regions in Nissl stained sections in five pairs of age, sex, and hemisphere‐matched WS and typically‐developing control (TD) subjects. In contrast to what is reported in ASD, no significant increase in overall neuron density was observed in this study. However, we found a significant increase in the density of glia in the dorsal caudate nucleus, and in the ratio of glia to neurons in the dorsal and medial caudate nucleus in WS, accompanied by a significant increase in density of oligodendrocytes in the medial caudate nucleus. These cellular abnormalities may underlie reduced frontostriatal activity observed in WS, with implications for understanding altered connectivity and function in ASD. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 531–545, 2018
A Novel Diterpenoid Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis and Promotes Osteogenesis by Inhibiting Ifrd1-Mediated and IκBα-Mediated p65 Nuclear Translocation
Authors: Xie Zi'ang , Yu Hejun , Sun Xuewu , Tang Pan , Jie Zhiwei , Chen Shuai , Wang Jiying , Qin An , Fan Shunwu 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis develops because of impaired bone formation and/or excessive bone resorption. Although the pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis has been extensively developed, alternative treatments are still needed. Here, we showed that oridonin (ORI), a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, can suppress osteoclastogenesis and enhance osteogenesis. ORI inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption through the inhibition of p65 nuclear translocation. ORI-induced inhibition of this translocation led to an increase in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization through the promotion of Smad1/Smad5 phosphorylation. Further analyses demonstrated that the inhibition of p65 nuclear translocation is due to the suppression of IκBα phosphorylation and the induced proteasomal degradation of interferon-related development regulator 1 (Ifrd1), a transcriptional corepressor that is involved in the suppression of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Moreover, mice treated with ORI at catabolic and anabolic windows showed a considerable attenuation of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis. Taken together, our findings reveal that ORI protects against OVX-induced bone loss via inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption but enhancing osteoblastic bone formation through abolishing both Ifrd1-mediating and IκBα-mediated p65 nuclear translocation. These results show the potential of ORI for treatment of osteoporosis and highlight Ifrd1 as a another novel promising target for anti-osteoporotic drugs. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Suppression of hyaluronan synthesis attenuates the tumorigenicity of low‐grade chondrosarcoma
Authors: Hamada Shunsuke , Nishida Yoshihiro , Zhuo Lisheng , Shinomura Tamayuki , Ikuta Kunihiro , Arai Eisuke , Koike Hiroshi , Kimata Koji , Ushida Takahiro , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTHyaluronan (HA) has been shown to play crucial roles in the tumorigenicity of malignant tumors. Chondrosarcoma, particularly when low‐grade, is characterized by the formation of an extracellular matrix (ECM) containing abundant HA, and its drug/radiation resistance has become a clinically relevant problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an HA synthesis inhibitor, 4‐methylumbelliferone (MU), on ECM formation as well as antitumor effects in chondrosarcoma. We investigated the effects of MU on rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) cells with a grade I histological malignancy in vitro and in vivo grafted model. HA binding protein (HABP) stainability on and around the RCS cells was effectively reduced with treatment of MU. ECM formation was markedly suppressed by MU at a dose of 1.0 mM. Cell proliferation was significantly reduced by MU at 24 h. Cell motility and invasion were suppressed in a dose‐dependent manner by MU. No significant changes in mRNA expression of Has1−3 were observed. Furthermore, MU inhibited the growth of grafted tumors in vivo. Histologically, chondrosarcoma cells of control tumors showed a cell‐clustering structure. HABP stainability was markedly decreased in the MU‐treated group. These results suggest that MU exhibits antitumor effects on low‐grade chondrosarcoma, via inhibition of HA accumulation and ECM formation. MU, which is an approved drug in bile therapy, could be a new off‐label medication for chondrosarcomas. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1573–1580, 2018.
Fisher information and Cramér‐Rao lower bound for experimental design in parallel imaging
Authors: Bouhrara Mustapha , Spencer Richard G. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe Cramér‐Rao lower bound (CRLB) is widely used in the design of magnetic resonance (MR) experiments for parameter estimation. Previous work has considered only Gaussian or Rician noise distributions in this calculation. However, the noise distribution for multi‐coil acquisitions, such as in parallel imaging, obeys the noncentral χ‐distribution under many circumstances. The purpose of this paper is to present the CRLB calculation for parameter estimation from multi‐coil acquisitions.Theory and MethodsWe perform explicit calculations of Fisher matrix elements and the associated CRLB for noise distributions following the noncentral χ‐distribution. The special case of diffusion kurtosis is examined as an important example. For comparison with analytic results, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were conducted to evaluate experimental minimum standard deviations (SDs) in the estimation of diffusion kurtosis model parameters. Results were obtained for a range of signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs), and for both the conventional case of Gaussian noise distribution and noncentral χ‐distribution with different numbers of coils, m.ResultsAt low‐to‐moderate SNR, the noncentral χ‐distribution deviates substantially from the Gaussian distribution. Our results indicate that this departure is more pronounced for larger values of m. As expected, the minimum SDs (i.e., CRLB) in derived diffusion kurtosis model parameters assuming a noncentral χ‐distribution provided a closer match to the MC simulations as compared to the Gaussian results.ConclusionEstimates of minimum variance for parameter estimation and experimental design provided by the CRLB must account for the noncentral χ‐distribution of noise in multi‐coil acquisitions, especially in the low‐to‐moderate SNR regime. Magn Reson Med 79:3249–3255, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Wissenschaftliche Stammbäume der theoretischen Chemie
Authors: Jug Karl , Andrae Dirk 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDas Genealogieprojekt Theoretische Chemie bietet in einer Onlinedatenbank umfangreiche Informationen über Theoretiker und deren wissenschaftliche Vor‐ und Nachfahren aus mehreren Jahrhunderten. Mittlerweile sind über 3000 Einträge recherchierbar.
Neue Wege in der Bibliometrie
Authors: Böhme Uwe , Tesch Silke 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKlassische Zitationsmetriken wie der Journal‐Impactfaktor erfassen nicht, wie sich Publikationen, Forschungsdaten, Software und andere wissenschaftliche Objekte im Internet und öffentlichen Medien verbreiten und wie sie wirken. Genau das tut aber die alternative Impactmetrik, kurz Altmetrik.
MANS‐15 an der Universität Leipzig
Authors: Kohlmann Holger , Kersting Berthold 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEnde August trafen sich etwa 150 Chemiker aus Deutschland zum fünfzehnten mitteldeutschen Anorganiker‐Nachwuchssymposium (MANS), diesmal in Leipzig. Die Veranstaltung findet seit dem Jahr 2003 im jährlichen Wechsel in Chemnitz, Halle, Leipzig, Jena, Dresden und Freiberg statt. Außerdem nahmen auch Chemiker aus Bayreuth, Cottbus‐Senftenberg und Magdeburg an der eintägigen Konferenz teil.
MIGRATION FROM WITHIN AND WITHOUT: IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF EASTERN CHRISTIANS IN THE EARLY MODERN WORLD
Authors: Ghobrial John-Paul A. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTFrom Lebanese politicians in Argentina to Iraqi immigrants in Sweden, Middle Eastern Christians can be found today scattered across the entire world. Too often, however, this global migration has been seen purely as a modern development, one arising from contemporary political and religious tensions in the Middle East. In fact, this type of mobility had earlier manifestations in the early modern period. From the sixteenth century onwards, Christians from the Ottoman Empire set out for distant worlds and foreign lands, travelling as far as Europe, India, Russia and even the Americas and leaving traces of themselves in countless European and Middle Eastern archives, chanceries and libraries. This paper lays out a framework for understanding movement in the early modern world in a way that pays as much attention to how migrants understood their own travels as to contemporary European ideas about Eastern Christian mobility. Focusing on the intersection of two traditions of sources, I explore here how European and Eastern Christian perspectives about migration drew from one another, reinforcing and feeding on each other in powerful, mutually constitutive ways. In doing so, this paper seeks to make a contribution to our understanding of the everyday experience of circulation and mobility in the early modern world.
LANGUAGES OF FREEDOM IN DECOLONISING AFRICAThe Gladstone Prize Winner
Authors: Hunter Emma 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe ‘triumph of liberalism’ in the mid-twentieth-century west is well known and much studied. But what has it meant for the way the decolonisation of Africa has been viewed, both at the time and since? In this paper, I suggest that it has quietly but effectively shaped our understanding of African political thinking in the 1950s to 1960s. Although the nationalist framing that once led historians to neglect those aspects of the political thinking of the period which did not move in the direction of a territorial nation-state has now been challenged, we still struggle with those aspects of political thinking that were, for instance, suspicious of a focus on the individual and profoundly opposed to egalitarian visions of a post-colonial future. I argue that to understand better the history of decolonisation in the African continent, both before and after independence, while also enabling comparative work with other times and places, we need to think more carefully and sensitively about how freedom and equality were understood and argued over in local contexts.
Statistical parity-time-symmetric lasing in an optical fibre network
Authors: Jahromi Ali K. , Hassan Absar U. , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Abouraddy Ayman F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractParity-time (PT)-symmetry in optics is a condition whereby the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index across a photonic structure are deliberately balanced. This balance can lead to interesting optical phenomena, such as unidirectional invisibility, loss-induced lasing, single-mode lasing from multimode resonators, and non-reciprocal effects in conjunction with nonlinearities. Because PT-symmetry has been thought of as fragile, experimental realisations to date have been usually restricted to on-chip micro-devices. Here, we demonstrate that certain features of PT-symmetry are sufficiently robust to survive the statistical fluctuations associated with a macroscopic optical cavity. We examine the lasing dynamics in optical fibre-based coupled cavities more than a kilometre in length with balanced gain and loss. Although fluctuations can detune the cavity by more than the free spectral range, the behaviour of the lasing threshold and the laser power is that expected from a PT-stable system. Furthermore, we observe a statistical symmetry breaking upon varying the cavity loss.
Self-patterning of rostral-caudal neuroectoderm requires dual role of Fgf signaling for localized Wnt antagonism
Authors: Takata Nozomu , Sakakura Eriko , Eiraku Mototsugu , Kasukawa Takeya , Sasai Yoshiki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe neuroectoderm is patterned along a rostral-caudal axis in response to localized factors in the embryo, but exactly how these factors act as positional information for this patterning is not yet fully understood. Here, using the self-organizing properties of mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC), we report that ESC-derived neuroectoderm self-generates a Six3+ rostral and a Irx3+ caudal bipolarized patterning. In this instance, localized Fgf signaling performs dual roles, as it regulates Six3+ rostral polarization at an earlier stage and promotes Wnt signaling at a later stage. The Wnt signaling components are differentially expressed in the polarized tissues, leading to genome-wide Irx3+ caudal-polarization signals. Surprisingly, differentially expressed Wnt agonists and antagonists have essential roles in orchestrating the formation of a balanced rostral-caudal neuroectoderm pattern. Together, our findings provide key processes for dynamic self-patterning and evidence that a temporally and locally regulated interaction between Fgf and Wnt signaling controls self-patterning in ESC-derived neuroectoderm.
A mesoporous cationic thorium-organic framework that rapidly traps anionic persistent organic pollutants
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Yang Zaixing , Wang Yanlong , Bai Zhuanling , Zheng Tao , Dai Xing , Liu Shengtang , Gui Daxiang , Liu Wei , Chen Meng , Chen Lanhua , Diwu Juan , Zhu Lingyan , Zhou Ruhong , Chai Zhifang , Albrecht-Schmitt Thomas E. , Wang Shuao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMany environmental pollutants inherently exist in their anionic forms and are therefore highly mobile in natural water systems. Cationic framework materials that can capture those pollutants are highly desirable but scarcely reported. Here we present a mesoporous cationic thorium-based MOF (SCU-8) containing channels with a large inner diameter of 2.2 nm and possessing a high surface area of 1360 m2 g−1. The anion-exchange properties of SCU-8 were explored with many anions including small oxo anions like ReO4− and Cr2O72− as well as anionic organic dyes like methyl blue and the persistent organic pollutant, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Both fast uptake kinetics and great sorption selectivity toward PFOS are observed. The underlying sorption mechanism was probed using quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics simulations. These computational results reveal that PFOS anions are immobilized in SCU-8 by driving forces including electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals interactions at different adsorption stages.
Aperiodic nanoplasmonic devices for directional colour filtering and sensing
Authors: Davis Matthew S. , Zhu Wenqi , Xu Ting , Lee Jay K. , Lezec Henri J. , Agrawal Amit 
Published: November 2017

AbstractExploiting the wave-nature of light in its simplest form, periodic architectures have enabled a panoply of tunable optical devices with the ability to perform useful functions such as filtering, spectroscopy, and multiplexing. Here, we remove the constraint of structural periodicity to enhance, simultaneously, the performance and functionality of passive plasmonic devices operating at optical frequencies. By using a physically intuitive, first-order interference model of plasmon-light interactions, we demonstrate a simple and efficient route towards designing devices with flexible, multi-spectral optical response, fundamentally not achievable using periodic architectures. Leveraging this approach, we experimentally implement ultra-compact directional light-filters and colour-sorters exhibiting angle- or spectrally-tunable optical responses with high contrast, and low spectral or spatial crosstalk. Expanding the potential of aperiodic systems to implement tailored spectral and angular responses, these results hint at promising applications in solar-energy harvesting, optical signal multiplexing, and integrated sensing.
Thermodynamic signatures of the field-induced states of graphite
Authors: LeBoeuf D. , Rischau C. W. , Seyfarth G. , Küchler R. , Berben M. , Wiedmann S. , Tabis W. , Frachet M. , Behnia K. , Fauqué B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhen a magnetic field confines the carriers of a Fermi sea to their lowest Landau level, electron−electron interactions are expected to play a significant role in determining the electronic ground state. Graphite is known to host a sequence of magnetic field-induced states driven by such interactions. Three decades after their discovery, thermodynamic signatures of these instabilities are still elusive. Here we report the detection of these transitions with sound velocity measurements. The evolution of elastic constant anomalies with temperature and magnetic field allows to draw a detailed phase diagram which shows that the ground state evolves in a sequence of thermodynamic phase transitions. Our analysis indicates that the electron−electron interaction is not the sole driving force of these transitions and that lattice degrees of freedom play an important role.
Quantum wave mixing and visualisation of coherent and superposed photonic states in a waveguide
Authors: Dmitriev A. Yu. , Shaikhaidarov R. , Antonov V. N. , Hönigl-Decrinis T. , Astafiev O. V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSuperconducting quantum systems (artificial atoms) have been recently successfully used to demonstrate on-chip effects of quantum optics with single atoms in the microwave range. In particular, a well-known effect of four wave mixing could reveal a series of features beyond classical physics, when a non-linear medium is scaled down to a single quantum scatterer. Here we demonstrate the phenomenon of quantum wave mixing (QWM) on a single superconducting artificial atom. In the QWM, the spectrum of elastically scattered radiation is a direct map of the interacting superposed and coherent photonic states. Moreover, the artificial atom visualises photon-state statistics, distinguishing coherent, one- and two-photon superposed states with the finite (quantised) number of peaks in the quantum regime. Our results may give a new insight into nonlinear quantum effects in microwave optics with artificial atoms.