bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alloimmunisation and nephropathy in sickle cell disease patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Adam S. , Badawi M. 
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectiveSickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic disease associated with a myriad of complications including pain and vaso‐occlusive manifestations. Transfusion is the mainstay of management of SCD‐related complications. However, side‐effects including alloimmunisation may develop and affect disease outcomes. Marked phenotypic heterogeneity of blood donors and recipients increases the risk of alloimmunisation. We report on the prevalence and clinical complications associated with alloimmunisation among patients with SCD in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Materials and MethodsMedical records of patients with SCD were reviewed for clinical data including transfusion history. Demographic and clinical variables were compared between alloimmunised and non‐alloimmunised patients.ResultsA total of 219 patients with SCD were enroled with a mean age of 24·8 years, and 52·5% (115) were males. Thirty‐nine patients (17·8%) developed alloantibodies at a mean age of 18·4 years, and anti‐E was the most common antibody (18·8%), followed by anti‐K (12·5%). Patients received a mean of 17·27 units of transfusion before developing alloantibodies. Mortality was not significantly different between both groups (P = 0·562).Alloimmunised patients were older (P = 0·042) and more females than males developed alloantibodies (69·2% vs. 30·8%, P = 0·003). Further, there was a significant association with severe proteinuria, a marker of SCD nephropathy (P = 0·015).ConclusionDespite the ethnic diversity of our donor population, the prevalence of alloimmunisation is comparable to previous reports. Alloimmunisation was associated with severe proteinuria, a marker of SCD nephropathy. Prospective research is needed to further characterise factors associated with risk of alloimmunisation in SCD in Saudi Arabia.
State of SuDS delivery in the United Kingdom
Authors: Melville‐Shreeve Peter , Cotterill Sarah , Grant Laura , Arahuetes Ana , Stovin Virginia , Farmani Raziyeh , Butler David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSustainable drainage systems (SuDS) have become a key tool in the design of water sensitive cities, due to their capacity to store and attenuate surface water, and to treat runoff. SuDS implementation requires a complex alignment of planning frameworks, engineering designs, construction practices, maintenance processes, community buy‐in and ownership agreements. To understand this alignment, and build an evidence base on the implementation and management of UK SuDS, a questionnaire was distributed to 50 000 industry professionals by the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management. The findings suggested that SuDS are beginning to become the norm, although ‘harder’ solutions tend to prevail. Additionally, design and construction remain weakly regulated, and there is a lack of clear legal framework on SuDS ownership and maintenance. Expert practitioners supported the need for a single adoption method, coordinated by the local authority and suggested policy changes to make SuDS obligatory.
Overcoming psychological resistance toward using recycled water in California
Authors: Hui Iris , Cain Bruce E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe use data from a representative sample of adult Californians (N = 1500) to examine the relation between information and sociodemographic factors to the willingness to adopt recycled water in 10 different applications. We find that direct consumption or skin contact with recycled water stirs the strongest resistance. We conducted a randomized experiment to test how respondents would react to learning that there is large, existing, indirect potable use program in Orange County. While both messages boost support for almost all uses of recycled water, respondents still resist drinking, bathing and cooking with it. Contrary to some previous findings, the response to both information cues generally does not appear to depend upon level of education.
Ulva prolifera (Chlorophyta): a suitable material to remove Cd2+ from aquatic environments
Authors: Huan Li , Su Hai‐xia , Duan Chen‐xue , Gao Shan , Xie Xiu‐jun , Wang Guang‐ce 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHeavy metal pollution in aquatic environments is a significant environmental problem. Marine macroalgae are novel materials for the removal of heavy metals from water, aided by their large biomass and the feature of easy collection. In this study, Ulva prolifera O.F.Müller was used to remove cadmium ions (Cd2+) from the aquatic environment. We examined the Cd2+ absorption capacity of the thalli in a factorial experiment using fresh thalli cultivated in seawater, freshwater, water containing domestic garbage, water containing industrial waste and elutriant of soil with additional Cd2+. In addition, changes in photosynthetic activity of thalli were investigated. A significant decrease of maximum quantum yield and effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (YII) indicated Cd2+ was transported into the cells and seriously inhibited photosynthesis. Furthermore, the Cd2+ absorption capacity was relatively high. The results indicated the suitability of U. prolifera for removing Cd2+ from aquatic environments of different backgrounds.
Evidence‐based injury prediction data for the water temperature and duration of exposure for clinically relevant deep dermal scald injuries
Authors: Andrews Christine J. , Kimble Roy M. , Kempf Margit , Cuttle Leila 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDeep dermal burn injuries require extensive medical care; however, the water temperatures and durations of exposure that result in a severe scald injury are unknown. This study used a porcine burn model to investigate the time and temperature threshold for clinically relevant deep dermal injuries for both immersion (long duration) and spill/splash (short duration) scald events. Scald wounds were created on the flanks of anaesthetized juvenile large White pigs (27 kg). Acute tissue injury evaluations performed at 1 hour and days 1, 3, and 7 postburn (16 pigs) included: wound examination, biopsies, and laser Doppler imaging. Up to 20 burn combinations were tested including: 50–60 °C water for 1–10 minutes (immersion); and 60–90 °C water for 5 seconds (spill/splash). Burn conditions demonstrating mid‐to‐deep dermal damage histologically were followed for 21 days to assess time to reepithelialize (eight pigs). Histologically, depth of damage increased until day 3 postburn. Damage to ≥75% of the depth of dermis was associated with burns taking longer than 3 weeks to fully reepithelialize. For spill/splash (5 seconds) scalds, water at ≥75 °C showed damage to mid‐dermis or deeper by day 3; however, only burns from water ≥85 °C were not reepithelialized by day 21. For immersion scalds of equivalent duration, water at 55 °C caused significantly deeper dermal damage than 50 °C (p < 0.05) at day 3. Immersion scalds that were not fully reepithelialized by day 21 included 50 °C for >10 minutes, 55 °C for 5 minutes, 60 °C for 60 seconds, and 70 °C for > 15 seconds. This research provides valuable evidence‐based injury prediction data, which can be used to inform future burn injury prevention guidelines/legislation to reduce the risk of severe scald injuries and support medicolegal opinions for cases where an inflicted mechanism of injury is alleged.
Galectin‐1 from conditioned medium of three‐dimensional culture of adipose‐derived stem cells accelerates migration and proliferation of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts
Authors: Kim Min Ho , Wu Wen Hao , Choi Jee Hyun , Kim Jihyun , Jun Jin Hyun , Ko Yong , Lee Jong Hun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKeratinocytes and fibroblasts cells play important roles in the skin‐wound healing process and are the cell types activated by trauma. Activated cells participate in epithelialization, granulation, scar tissue formation, wound remodeling, and angiogenesis via a series of cellular activities including migration and proliferation. Previous studies reported that the conditioned medium (CM) of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) stimulated the migration and proliferation of cell types involved in the skin wound healing process; however, these studies only show ADSC‐CM effects that were obtained using 2‐dimensional (2D) culture. Recently, 3‐dimensional (3D) culture has been considered as a more physiologically appropriate system than 2D culture for ADSC cultures; therefore, ADSC‐CM was collected from 3D culture (ADSC‐CM‐3D) and compared with ADSC‐CM from 2D culture (ADSC‐CM‐2D) to investigate the effects on the migration and proliferation of human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and fibroblasts. The migrations of the HaCaT cells and fibroblasts were significantly higher with ADSC‐CM‐3D compared with the 2D culture; similarly, the proliferation of HaCaT cells was also highly stimulated by ADSC‐CM‐3D. Proteomic analyses of the ADSC‐CM revealed that collagens and actins were highly expressed in the 3D‐culture system. Chitinase 3‐like 1 (CHI3L1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP), and galectin‐1 were specifically expressed only in ADSC‐CM‐3D. Especially, through antibody neutralization, galectin‐1 in ADSC‐CM‐3D was found to be an important factor for the migration of human keratinocytes. Therefore, these results suggest that ADSC‐CM‐3D was more effective in the wound healing than ADSC‐CM‐2D, and galectin‐1 in ADSC‐CM‐3D was could be a promising option for skin‐wound healing. Furthermore, the differential expressions of several ADSC‐CM proteins between the 2D‐ and 3D‐culture systems may be used as basic information for the development of efficient wound‐healing strategies.
Systematic Review of Cyberbullying Interventions for Youth and Parents With Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Hutson Elizabeth , Kelly Stephanie , Militello Lisa K. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundCyberbullying is a new risk factor for the well‐being of pediatric populations. Consequences of cyberbullying include both physical and mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, and somatic concerns. Adolescents who have been victims of cyberbullying and developed secondary symptoms are often recommended to visit a healthcare provider to obtain effective, evidence‐based treatment. To date, no interventions exist in the healthcare setting for adolescents who are victims of cyberbullying.AimsThe purpose of this project is to review interventional studies on cyberbullying that have components for adolescents who have been involved with cyberbullying and their parents and to provide recommendations on effective intervention components with the goal of guiding clinical practice.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using the Institute of Medicine guidelines. A comprehensive electronic literature search was completed targeting interventions of cyberbullying in any setting. No date limits were used. Literature was searched in MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Communication and Mass Media Complete, Education Information Resource Center (ERIC), and PsycINFO databases. The following search terms were applied “cyberbullying” + “intervention” or “treatment” or “therapy” or “program.” Only articles with a pediatric population were selected for review.ResultsSeventeen cyberbullying intervention programs in 23 articles were found to meet the search criteria. The most frequently used intervention components included education on cyberbullying for the adolescent, coping skills, empathy training, communication and social skills, and digital citizenship. Parent education on cyberbullying was also found to be important and was included in programs with significant outcomes.Linking Evidence to ActionAs youth present to healthcare providers with symptoms related to cyberbullying, effective interventions are needed to guide evidence‐based practice. This review supports educating the individual youth and parent on cyberbullying and teaching the youth skills in communication and social, empathy, coping with cyberbullying, and digital citizenship.
Deep divergence among mitochondrial lineages in African jackals
Authors: Atickem Anagaw , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Drouilly Marine , Bock Steffen , Roos Christian , Zinner Dietmar 
Published: August 2017

Recently, molecular analyses revealed that African and Eurasian golden jackals are distinct species. This finding suggests re‐investigation of the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of other African members of the Canidae. Here, we provide a study on the phylogenetic relationship between populations of African jackals Lupulella mesomelas and L. adusta inferred from 962 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. As expected from its disjunct distribution, with one population in eastern Africa and the other one in southern Africa, we found two mitochondrial lineages within L. mesomelas, which diverged about 2.5 million years ago (Ma). In contrast, in L. adusta with its more continuous distribution in sub‐Saharan Africa, we found only a shallower genetic diversification, with the exception of the West African population, which diverged around 1.4 Ma from the Central and East African populations. Both divergence ages are older than, for example the 1.1–0.9 million years between the grey wolf Canis lupus and the African golden wolf C. lupaster. One taxonomic implication of our findings might be that the two L. mesomelas populations warrant species status. However, genome‐wide data with adequate geographical sampling are needed to substantiate our results.
Elevated resting H+ current in the R1239H type 1 hypokalaemic periodic paralysis mutated Ca2+ channel
Authors: Fuster Clarisse , Perrot Jimmy , Berthier Christine , Jacquemond Vincent , Allard Bruno 
Published: August 2017

Key points
Missense mutations in the gene encoding the α1 subunit of the skeletal muscle voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel induce type 1 hypokalaemic periodic paralysis, a poorly understood neuromuscular disease characterized by episodic attacks of paralysis associated with low serum K+.
Acute expression of human wild‐type and R1239H HypoPP1 mutant α1 subunits in mature mouse muscles showed that R1239H fibres displayed Ca2+ currents of reduced amplitude and larger resting leak inward current increased by external acidification.
External acidification also produced intracellular acidification at a higher rate in R1239H fibres and inhibited inward rectifier K+ currents.
These data suggest that the R1239H mutation induces an elevated leak H+ current at rest flowing through a gating pore and could explain why paralytic attacks preferentially occur during the recovery period following muscle exercise.
AbstractMissense mutations in the gene encoding the α1 subunit of the skeletal muscle voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel induce type 1 hypokalaemic periodic paralysis, a poorly understood neuromuscular disease characterized by episodic attacks of paralysis associated with low serum K+. The present study aimed at identifying the changes in muscle fibre electrical properties induced by acute expression of the R1239H hypokalaemic periodic paralysis human mutant α1 subunit of Ca2+ channels in a mature muscle environment to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this disorder. We transferred genes encoding wild‐type and R1239H mutant human Ca2+ channels into hindlimb mouse muscle by electroporation and combined voltage‐clamp and intracellular pH measurements on enzymatically dissociated single muscle fibres. As compared to fibres expressing wild‐type α1 subunits, R1239H mutant‐expressing fibres displayed Ca2+ currents of reduced amplitude and a higher resting leak inward current that was increased by external acidification. External acidification also produced intracellular acidification at a higher rate in R1239H fibres and inhibited inward rectifier K+ currents. These data indicate that the R1239H mutation induces an elevated leak H+ current at rest flowing through a gating pore created by the mutation and that external acidification favours onset of muscle paralysis by potentiating H+ depolarizing currents and inhibiting resting inward rectifier K+ currents. Our results could thus explain why paralytic attacks preferentially occur during the recovery period following intense muscle exercise.
Do right‐ventricular trabeculae gain energetic advantage from having a greater velocity of shortening?
Authors: Pham Toan , Han June‐Chiew , Taberner Andrew , Loiselle Denis 
Published: August 2017

Key points
We designed a study to test whether velocity of shortening in right‐ventricular tissue preparations is greater than that of the left side under conditions mimicking those encountered by the heart in vivo.
Our experiments allowed us to explore whether greater velocity of shortening results in any energetic advantage.
We found that velocity of shortening was higher in the rat right‐ventricular trabeculae. These results at the tissue level seem paradoxical to the velocity of ventricular ejection at the organ level, and are not always in accord with shortening of unloaded cells.
Despite greater velocity of shortening in right‐ventricular trabeculae, they neither gained nor lost advantage with respect to both mechanical efficiency and the heat generated during shortening.
AbstractOur study aimed to ascertain whether the interventricular difference of shortening velocity, reported for isolated cardiac tissues in vitro, affects interventricular mechano‐energetic performance when tested under physiological conditions using a shortening protocol designed to mimic those in vivo. We isolated trabeculae from both ventricles of the rat, mounted them in a calorimeter, and performed experiments at 37°C and 5 Hz stimulus frequency to emulate conditions of the rat heart in vivo. Each trabecula was subjected to two experimental protocols: (i) isotonic work‐loop contractions at a variety of afterloads, and (ii) isometric contractions at a variety of preloads. Velocity of shortening was calculated from the former protocol during the isotonic shortening phase of the contraction. Simultaneous measurements of force–length work and heat output allowed calculation of mechanical efficiency. The shortening‐dependent thermal component was quantified from the difference in heat output between the two protocols. Our results show that both extent of shortening and velocity of shortening were higher in trabeculae from the right ventricle. Despite these differences, trabeculae from both ventricles developed the same stress, performed the same work, liberated the same amount of heat, and hence operated at the same mechanical efficiency. Shortening heat was also ventricle independent. The interventricular differences in velocity of shortening and extent of shortening of isolated trabeculae were not manifested in any index of energetics. These collective results underscore the absence of any mechano‐energetic advantage or disadvantage conferred on right‐ventricular trabeculae arising from their superior velocity of shortening.
Health-related quality of life in infants and toddlers with congenital heart disease: a cross-sectional survey from South India
Authors: Raj Manu , Sudhakar Abish , Roy Rinku , Soman Sumi , Antony Libin , Champaneri Bhavik , Kumar Raman Krishna 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThere are limited data on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for infants and toddlers with congenital heart disease (CHD). We sought to compare generic HRQOL of infants and toddlers between CHD subjects and controls.DesignDual-setting, cross-sectional analytical survey.SettingWe collected HRQOL data on infants and toddlers through a community survey for controls and through a hospital-based survey for those with CHD.PatientsA total of 499 subjects with confirmed CHD in the age group of 1–24 months admitted for elective surgery in the study institution were selected by consecutive sampling. In addition, we selected 628 control children in the same age group from an area within the 10 km radius of the study institution.Main outcome measuresThe data contain parent proxy report of HRQOL. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0) was used to collect HRQOL data. Questionnaires were self-administered for parents.ResultsThe mean total proxy HRQOL scores were significantly higher in control infants compared with infants with CHD (adjusted mean difference 5.0, 99% CI 2.5 to 7.5, p<0.001). Corresponding figure for toddlers was 7.6 (95% CI 5.0 to 10.2, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in total HRQOL scores across CHD functional classes among infants and toddlers (p=0.212 and p=0.502, respectively).ConclusionsInfants and toddlers with uncorrected CHD have significant deficiency in proxy HRQOL compared with their controls. The functional class of CHD appears to have no differential impact on overall HRQOL deficiency in this age group.
Risk of corneal ulcer in patients with end-stage renal disease: a retrospective large-scale cohort study
Authors: Jan Ren-Long , Tai Ming-Cheng , Weng Shih-Feng , Chang Chun , Wang Jhi-Joung , Chang Yuh-Shin 
Published: August 2017

Background/AimsTo investigate the risk of corneal ulcer in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).MethodsThis retrospective, nationwide, matched cohort study included 92 967 patients with ESRD recruited between 2000 and 2009 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The same number of age-matched and sex-matched patients without ESRD were selected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, 2000 as the control group. Data for each patient were collected from the index date until December 2011. Corneal ulcer incidence rate and risk were compared between the groups. A Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the HR for a corneal ulcer after adjustment for potential confounders. The cumulative corneal ulcer incidence rate was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.ResultsIn total, 660 patients with ESRD and 591 controls showed a corneal ulcer during follow-up; thus, the corneal ulcer incidence rate in patients with ESRD was 1.54 times (95% CI 1.38–1.72) that in the control patients. After adjustment for potential confounders, including diabetes mellitus and HIV disease, patients with ESRD were 1.17 times (95% CI 1.03 to 1.33) more likely to develop a corneal ulcer in the cohort for the total sample. Among patients with diabetes mellitus, the corneal ulcer incidence rate was significantly higher in the ESRD group, and diabetes mellitus significantly increased corneal ulcer risk even after adjustment for other confounders in the cohort.ConclusionESRD increases the risk of a corneal ulcer, particularly in patients with ESRD with diabetes mellitus. Regular ocular examinations are suggested for patients with ESRD.