bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Factors That Influence Consumer Decisions in Purchasing Products in Alfamart Minimarket in Pinang, a Subdistrict of Tangerang
Authors: Nawawi Muhammad Tony , Ikhaz Muhammad Safiqi 
Published: May 2016

This study analyzes the factors that influence consumer decisions in purchasing products in Alfamart minimarket in Pinang, a subdistrict of Tangerang. The population in this study is the consumers of householdproducts that is retailed in minimarket Alfamart. The sampling technique used is purposive random sampling and samples are taken from 200 consumers. The purpose of the study is to examine and analyze the factors that may affect consumers decisions in purchasing products on Alfamart mini market. The method of analysis is multiple regression analysis and assumptions test. The validity and reliability test is done by using the help ofSPSS (Statistical Program for Society Science) versus16:00. The analysis shows that all positive significant factors affect consumers decisions in purchasing products and it is evidenced by the significance 0.000<0.05,and the factor of location has no significance as evidenced by the significance value 0.478>0.05 and the value of R Square value 0.369, it means that it is only 36.9% of consumer decisions are influenced by factors of locations.
Investor Reaction to the Prospect of Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation
Authors: Reid Lauren C. , Carcello Joseph V. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The PCAOB recently considered implementing mandatory audit firm rotation in hopes of better aligning auditors' interests with investors' interests, suggesting that the PCAOB views long auditor tenure as problematic. However, the accounting profession argues that long tenure actually improves audit quality. This study provides insight into investors' views by evaluating the market's reaction to events related to the potential adoption of rotation that occurred between 2011 and 2013. The results provide some evidence that the market reacts negatively (positively) to events that increased (decreased) the likelihood of rotation, although these results are sensitive to the market index used to calculate abnormal returns. More importantly, particularly given the lack of a U.S.-specific control group, cross-sectional tests provide strong evidence that the market reaction is more negative (positive) on dates that increased (decreased) the likelihood of rotation given longer auditor tenure. Moreover, we also find that the market reaction is more negative (positive) on dates that increased (decreased) the likelihood of rotation given a Big 4 auditor.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the text.
The Effect of National Culture on Auditor-in-Charge Involvement
Authors: Bik Olof , Hooghiemstra Reggy 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARY
Regulators and professional accounting bodies have identified auditor-in-charge involvement as one of the key indicators of audit quality. A potentially important, yet overlooked, issue is that auditor-in-charge involvement is affected by numerous contextual factors. In this study, we aim at advancing our understanding of what affects differences in auditor-in-charge involvement by focusing on the influence of national culture in general and power distance, (in-group) collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance in particular. Based on archival, proprietary data from a Big 4 audit firm comprising time-record data of 2,251 individual audit engagements in 50 countries, we find robust evidence supporting our expectations that differences in the extent of auditor-in-charge involvement are negatively associated with power distance and (in-group) collectivism, and positively with uncertainty avoidance. An implication of our findings is that, while the extent of auditor-in-charge involvement may serve as a relevant audit quality indicator, regulators, firms' management, and academics need to take culture into account and may want to consider different thresholds for different regions in the world. Hence, unless the role of culture is well understood, the use of auditor-in charge involvement as an audit quality indicator could be uninformative or even misleading.
An Analysis and Taxonomy of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Effectiveness
Authors: Weirich Thomas R. , Olsen Lori 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARY
With the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, there has been much discussion and analysis of Section 404 dealing with management's and the external auditor's evaluation of internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR). However, Section 302 of the Act requires management to evaluate their disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and report on the effectiveness of such controls in their 10-Q and 10-K filings. This paper explains the SEC's differentiation of ICFR and DC&P and attempts to report on the effectiveness of DC&P utilizing the Audit Analytics database. The data show that DC&P have been ineffective, as reported by management in their 10-K filings, ranging from a low of 13.75 percent to a high of 33.91 percent of observations over the 11-year period from 2004 through 2014. The paper concludes with potential research issues related to DC&P.
The Work Environment in Large Audit Firms: Current Perceptions and Possible Improvements
Authors: Hermanson Dana R. , Houston Richard W. , Stefaniak Chad M. , Wilkins Anne M. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARY
This study examines the work environment in the audit division of large public accounting firms. Based on 18 semi-structured interviews (eight partners and ten staff auditors currently or recently employed by large public accounting firms), we find that the interviewees cite several positive aspects of auditing careers including the people, intellectual stimulation, challenge, and responsibility. However, they also cite significant negatives, including PCAOB regulation, stress, and hours. None of the staff interviewees plans to stay in public accounting long term, and while all of the partners would recommend public accounting to others, most focused only on public accounting as a place to start a career. The findings raise a number of concerns regarding the profession's ability to sustain the quality of its human capital, especially since there are no signs of a radically improved work environment in public accounting that may appeal to Millennials. We conclude by discussing possible improvements in the public accounting work environment that would address the issues raised in the interviews.
Chemical bile duct embolization for chemical hepatectomy, long term efficacy and feasibility in rats
Authors: Shrestha Anuj , Zhou Yong , Mao Hui , Li Fu-yu , Ma Wenjie , Yang Qin , Zhang Yong-qiong , Feng Huan , Zhang Wei , Cheng Nan-sheng 
Published: May 2016

Background: Hepatolithiasis is the presence of calculi within the intrahepatic bile ducts. It represents a significant problem in hepatobiliary surgery because of its high recurrence rate and the associated intra-operative and post-operative risks. This study was designed to explore the long-term efficacy of chemical biliary duct embolization (CBDE) to treat recurrent hepatolithiasis and to explain the mechanism of CBDE.Aims and Objectives: To investigate the long term efficacy of chemical bile duct embolization (CBDE) on the targeted hepatic lobe and to explain the mechanism of CBDE to achieve chemical hepatectomy. Materials and Methods: The median biliary duct of rats were embolized with phenol and N-butyl-cyanoacrylate. The short-term (6 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks) effects of chemical bile duct embolization were compared by observing the degree of atrophy, fibrosis, and proliferation of collagen fibers and apoptosis of hepatocytes of the embolized hepatic lobe. The feasibility and effectiveness of chemical hepatectomy were analyzed by histology, Western blot analysis of collagen I fibers and assessment of hydroxyproline content.Results: After 6 weeks of the procedure, destruction of hepatocytes, fibrosis and "self-cut" was seen only in the periphery of the targeted hepatic lobe. Whereas after 12 weeks, complete destruction of hepatocytes, and replacement with proliferative bile ductules and collagen fibers leading to complete fibrosis and "self-cut" phenomenon in the whole targeted hepatic lobe was seen. Collagen I expression in the 6-weeks treatment group and 12-weeks treatment groups were 4 times and 12 times higher than that in the Sham operated (SO) group respectively (P<0.05). In addition, there was increase in hepatic hydroxyproline content (HYP) approximately by sevenfold in 6-weeks treatment group and twentyfold in 12-weeks treatment group after CBDE, when compared to that in the SO group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Chemical bile duct embolization can achieve ideal effect of chemical hepatectomy in the whole targeted lobe.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 41-46
Best Fit Void Filling Segmentation Based Algorithm in Optical Burst Switching Networks
Authors: Rauniyar A. K. , Mandloi A. S. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is considered to be a promising paradigm for bearing IP traffic in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. Scheduling of data burst in data channels in an optimal way is one of a key problem in Optical Burst Switched networks. The main concerns in this paper is to schedule the incoming bursts in proper data channel such that more burst can be scheduled so burst loss will be less. There are different algorithms exists to schedule data burst on data channels. Non-preemptive Delay-First Minimum Overlap Channel with Void Filling (NP-DFMOC-VF) and Non-preemptive Segment-First Minimum Overlap Channel with Void Filling (NP-SFMOC-VF) are best among other existing segmentation based void filling algorithms. Though it gives less burst loss but not existing the channel utilization efficiently. In this paper we propose a new approach, which will give less burst loss and also utilize existing channels in efficient way. Also analyze the performance of this proposed scheduling algorithm and compare it with the existing void filling algorithms. It is shown that the proposed algorithm gives some better performances compared to the existing algorithms.</p><p><em>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol.1, 2015,</em> pp. 1-10</p><p> </p>
Some Classical Sequence Spaces and their Topological Structures
Authors: Pahari Narayan Prasad 
Published: May 2016

<p><span>The aim of this paper is to</span><span> study some of the basic scalar and vector valued sequence spaces. We also study the topological structures of some of the basic sequence spaces when topologized through a norm or a paranorm.</span></p><p><span><em>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol. 1, 2015</em>, PP. 59-65</span></p>
Effect of Different Dress Weight Categories on Yield Part Percentage and Relationship of Live and Dress Weight of Broiler Carcasses Slaughter at Different Conditions
Authors: Marpana R. A. U. J. 
Published: May 2016

Commercially reared mixed sex broilers were utilized to determine the effect of dress carcass weight on percentage yield of broiler parts, breast meat yield in weight category of <1.0, 1.0-1.2, 1.2-1.4, 1.4-1.6, 1.6-1.8, 1.8-2.0 and >2.0 kg. Then pH, cooking yield and moisture content of the breast meat with different time intervals (0 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours) and proximate compositions of meat were measured. Percentage yield of whole leg, thigh, breast, back and rib, neck, wings, gizzards, heart, liver, drumstick and total giblet were significantly affected by dress carcass weight at p<0.05. Yield of body components changed with the increasing body weight. pH values was significantly affected by time after slaughtering and finally it's reduced up to 5.69 at 48 hr after slaughtering. Suitable processing weight of broiler carcass to gain maximum breast yield is >2.0 kg which could be obtained highest fillet yield. To gain highest cooking yield (83.55%), carcass should be cooked immediately after slaughtering. Regression analyses revealed that linear relationship between live weight and dress weight of broiler carcass at different transport distance, starvation period, life time, and cage system at p<0.01 except >150 kg transport distance. Based on the dressing percentage, weight of total edible meat, it may be concluded that broiler chickens are optimally slaughtered up to 2.0 kg live weight. Live and dress weight had highly significant relationship with the transport distance, starvation period, life time, cage system and live weight category.
Medical writing: A Habit and Discipline We Need to Nurture
Authors: Pokhrel Rishi 
Published: May 2016

Medical writing is an integral part of clinical practice and research. It is needless to say “if you haven’t written and published about it, you haven’t done it in the first place”. Each and every doctor around the world goes through the almost the same training in terms of how rigorous it is and its duration, but still we are unique in our own ways. It is this quality of being unique and innovative that develops the medical field forwards and paves the way for new research. It is our duty and obligation to share the new knowledge and experience that we have gained during our practice. The more we share, the more we learn and the more we learn the more we acquire new knowledge for ultimate good of mankind.
Orbital Cellulitis with Exudative Retinal Detachment
Authors: Karki Pooja , Pandey Manish 
Published: May 2016

Exudative retinal detachment occurs extremely rarely with orbital cellulitis. TB can affect majority of the structures of the eye with marked variability of the lesions. We herein report a 40 year old male who presented with acute left eye protrusion with sudden diminution of vision. On examination there was proptosis of the left eye with restricted extraocular movements. Exudative retinal detachment with subretinal abscess was present in the same eye. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain showed right sided frontal lobe lesion suggestive of tuberculoma with positive Quantiferon - TB Gold test.
Prevalence of Aerobic Bacteria in the Hands of School-Going Children of Rural Areas of Eastern Part of Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Gyanendra , Rajbhandari Sanjeev Das , Pandeya Deependra Raj , Singh Yankpam Ibotomba , Adhikari Binita , Pradhan Manoj 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of bacteria in hands of school going children in a rural area of eastern part of Nepal. Contaminated hands play a major role in faeco-oral transmission of diseases. The students can expose themselves to infection if they do not properly wash their hands before taking food. Methods: The study was done in a remote school of eastern part of Nepal in 2013. A prospective study was done on 200 school children of age group 10 years to 15 years. Swab samples collected from all the children were transported to the laboratory within one to two hours of its collection. The samples were kept in nutrient broth for overnight incubation. They were then sub-cultured aerobically at 37°C on 5% defibrinated sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar plates for 24-48 hrs. Then the plates were examined to quantify the organisms present according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results: Out of 200 dominant hand swabs of school children of age group 10 years to 15 years, 52 children (26.0%) were harboring pathogenic bacteria in their hands. The major aerobic pathogenic bacteria in hands were i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp, Enterococci spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellaspp, Acinetobactersppand Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In most of the hands normal flora like Diphtheroids spp, Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS), Micrococci spp and some yeast were found.Conclusion: The finding of the study concludes that there is high incidence of aerobic bacterial flora in the hands of school going children of eastern part of Nepal. The incidence of infection was due to lack of proper hand washing before meal. The school should be told to keep soaps in the toilets for hand washing and conduct continue health education about proper hand washing and maintain cleanliness both in the schools and at the community level.
Right Anterolateral Thoracotomy an Alternative to Median Sternotomy for Closure of Atrial Septal Defect: A Cosmetic Approach in Young Females
Authors: Baral Ravi Kumar , Koirala Bhagawan 
Published: May 2016

Background and Aims: Atrial septal defect operation is a safe and low-risk procedure. Cosmetic results have been an important issue, so right anterolateral thoracotomy approach has been used for repair. We present minimally invasive ASD closure via limited right anterolateral thoracotomy, as our early experience in road of minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Methods: This study was done in the Manmohan Cardiothoracic and Transplant Center in the time period of 2012 to 2013. The study included 70 patients aged 15 – 35 years old (22.1±5.5) admitted for surgical repair of their secundum atrial septal defects. The patients were randomly allocated into one of two groups according to the approach used in their operation. Right anterolateral thoracotomy(RALT) group included 35 patients operated via right anterolateral thoracotomy.and median sternotomy(MS) group included 35 patients operated via the median sternotomy. Result: Of 70 patients only 63 patients meet the criteria for analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups regarding their demographic data and duration of operation. Postoperative pleural/pericardial effusion and pneumothorax occurred in 2.1% of patients in MS and 6.6% in Right anterolateral thoracotomygroup (p= 0.001). Total in hospital pain score was high in sternotomy group than thoracotomy group, but did not reach statistically significant values. There was no operative or late mortality or morbidity in the early follow-up (range, 1 m to 2 years, mean 1.34 yrs). Conclusion: RALT is a safe and effective alternative approach to MS incision for ASD closure.Nepalese Heart Journal | Jan 2015 | Volume 12 | No.1Page : 21-25
Combination therapy in a xenograft model of glioblastoma: enhancement of the antitumor activity of temozolomide by an MDM2 antagonist
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Cai Shanbao , Bailey Barbara J. , Reza Saadatzadeh M. , Ding Jixin , Tonsing-Carter Eva , Georgiadis Taxiarchis M. , Zachary Gunter T. , Long Eric C. , Minto Robert E. , Gordon Kevin R. , Sen Stephanie E. , Cai Wenjing , Eitel Jacob A. , Waning David L. , Bringman Lauren R. , Wells Clark D. , Murray Mary E. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Gelbert Lawrence M. , Jones David R. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Mayo Lindsey D. , Shannon Harlan E. , Pollok Karen E. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
Improvement in treatment outcome for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) requires a multifaceted approach due to dysregulation of numerous signaling pathways. The murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein may fulfill this requirement because it is involved in the regulation of growth, survival, and invasion. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of modulating MDM2 function in combination with front-line temozolomide (TMZ) therapy in GBM.

METHODS
The combination of TMZ with the MDM2 protein–protein interaction inhibitor nutlin3a was evaluated for effects on cell growth, p53 pathway activation, expression of DNA repair proteins, and invasive properties. In vivo efficacy was assessed in xenograft models of human GBM.

RESULTS
In combination, TMZ/nutlin3a was additive to synergistic in decreasing growth of wild-type p53 GBM cells. Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that inhibition of cell growth following exposure to TMZ/nutlin3a correlated with: 1) activation of the p53 pathway, 2) downregulation of DNA repair proteins, 3) persistence of DNA damage, and 4) decreased invasion. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that nutlin3a was detected in human intracranial tumor xenografts. To assess therapeutic potential, efficacy studies were conducted in a xenograft model of intracranial GBM by using GBM cells derived from a recurrent wild-type p53 GBM that is highly TMZ resistant (GBM10). Three 5-day cycles of TMZ/nutlin3a resulted in a significant increase in the survival of mice with GBM10 intracranial tumors compared with single-agent therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
Modulation of MDM2/p53-associated signaling pathways is a novel approach for decreasing TMZ resistance in GBM. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study in a humanized intracranial patient-derived xenograft model to demonstrate the efficacy of combining front-line TMZ therapy and an inhibitor of MDM2 protein–protein interactions.
External validation of the Practical Risk Chart for the prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Foreman Paul M. , Chua Michelle H. , Harrigan Mark R. , Fisher Winfield S. , Tubbs R. Shane , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Griessenauer Christoph J. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVEDelayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) occurs in approximately 30% of patients. The Practical Risk Chart was developed to predict DCI based on admission characteristics; the authors seek to externally validate and critically appraise this prediction tool.METHODSA prospective cohort of aSAH patients was used to externally validate the previously published Practical Risk Chart. The model consists of 4 variables: clinical condition on admission, amount of cisternal and intraventricular blood on CT, and age. External validity was assessed using logistic regression. Model discrimination was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).RESULTSIn a cohort of 125 patients with aSAH, the Practical Risk Chart adequately predicted DCI, with an AUC of 0.66 (95% CI 0.55–0.77). Clinical grade on admission and amount of intracranial blood on CT were the strongest predictors of DCI and clinical vasospasm. The best-fit model used a combination of the Hunt and Hess grade and the modified Fisher scale to yield an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI 0.675–0.85) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.602–0.8) for the prediction of DCI and clinical vasospasm, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe Practical Risk Chart adequately predicts the risk of DCI following aSAH. However, the best-fit model represents a simpler stratification scheme, using only the Hunt and Hess grade and the modified Fisher scale, and produces a comparable AUC.