bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of color in Spanish‐style green table olives pasteurized and stored in plastic containers
Authors: Sánchez Antonio Higinio , López‐López Antonio , Beato Víctor Manuel , de Castro Antonio , Montaño Alfredo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is an increasing interest in the use of pasteurizable plastic packaging by the olive industry. In order to investigate the change from traditional glass or varnished can containers to plastic packaging, the proper plastic material that is compatible with fermented olives while maintaining color quality during pasteurization treatment and storage must be selected. This work is focused on color stability in two distinct pasteurizable plastic containers with different oxygen permeability.RESULTSIn PET + MDPE/EVOH (polyethylene terephthalate + medium‐density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl alcohol) pouches, pasteurization provoked severe browning which drastically decreased their color shelf life (<6 weeks). However, this browning did not occur in the unpasteurized product without preservatives owing to the presence of microorganisms. In AlOx‐coated PET + MDPE (aluminum oxide coating on polyethylene terephthalate + medium‐density polyethylene) pouches, color changes were small or negligible throughout storage, especially if ascorbic acid was added to the packing solution (shelf life > 6.5 months).CONCLUSIONThe plastic material had a significant effect on the retention of color of the pasteurized product. The use of AlOx‐coated PET + MDPE pouches could be an alternative to traditional packaging for the pasteurization and storage of Spanish‐style green olives from a color quality standpoint. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The involvement of MsmK in pathogenesis of the Streptococcus suis serotype 2
Authors: Tan Mei‐Fang , Liu Wan‐Quan , Zhang Chun‐Yan , Gao Ting , Zheng Lin‐Lin , Qiu De‐Xin , Li Lu , Zhou Rui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStreptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important swine and human pathogen that causes global economic and public health problems. Virulent S. suis strains successfully maintain high bacterial concentrations in host blood and rapidly adapt to challenging environments within hosts. Successful survival in hosts is a major factor influencing the pathogenesis of SS2. We have previously identified that SS2 colonization in mouse brain is possibly affected by the ATPase, MsmK of carbohydrate ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters because of carbohydrate utilization. In this study, the chain length of the msmK deletion mutant was longer than that of the wild type, and the former was significantly more susceptible than the latter when theses strains were exposed to mouse blood both in vivo and in vitro. The hemolytic activity of the mutant strain was decreased. Although the adhesion of the mutant to HEp‐2 cell lines was enhanced, the deletion of msmK impaired the abilities of SS2 to resist phagocytosis and survive severe stress conditions. MsmK contributed to the survival and adaptation of SS2 in host bloodstream. Therefore, MsmK was identified as a multifunctional component that not only contributed to carbohydrate utilization but also participated in SS2 pathogenesis.
Boundary layer mesh generation on arbitrary geometries
Authors: Aubry R. , Dey S. , Mestreau E. L. , Karamete B. K. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryVolume boundary layer mesh generation on non‐smooth geometries with multiple normals is considered in this work. A new highlight is given to corner and ridge boundary layer mesh generation through the generalized Voronoi diagram in general, and the spherical Voronoi diagram in particular. This provides the keystone to allow for the first time boundary layer mesh generation at arbitrary corner configurations. The work proposed in is revisited and compared with the new approach. A detailed description of the new algorithm is provided. The spherical Voronoi diagram delivers geometrically the optimal normals as well as topologically the optimal connectivities, as far as normality is concerned. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy and robustness of the method. This approach seems to handle arbitrary geometry boundary layer mesh generation, in theory as well as in practice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defined daily doses (DDD) do not accurately reflect opioid doses used in contemporary chronic pain treatment
Authors: Nielsen Suzanne , Gisev Natasa , Bruno Raimondo , Hall Wayne , Cohen Milton , Larance Briony , Campbell Gabrielle , Shanahan Marian , Blyth Fiona , Lintzeris Nicholas , Pearson Sallie , Mattick Richard , Degenhardt Louisa 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess how well the defined daily dose (DDD) metric reflects opioid utilisation among chronic non‐cancer pain patients.DesignDescriptive, cross‐sectional study, utilising a 7‐day medication diary.SettingCommunity‐based treatment settings, Australia.SubjectsA sample of 1101 people prescribed opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain.MethodsOpioid dose data was collected via a self‐completed 7‐day medication diary capturing names, strengths and doses of each medication taken in the past week. Median daily dose was calculated for each opioid. Comparisons were made to the World Health Organization's (WHO) DDD metric.ResultsWHO DDDs ranged from 0.6 to 7.1 times the median opioid doses used by the sample. For transdermal fentanyl and oral hydromorphone, the median dose was comparable with the DDD. The DDD for methadone was 0.6 times lower than the median doses used by this sample of chronic pain patients. In contrast, the DDD for oxycodone and transdermal buprenorphine, the most commonly used strong opioids for chronic pain in Australia, was two to seven times higher than actual doses used.ConclusionsFor many opioids, there are key differences between the actual doses used in clinical practice and the WHO's DDDs. The interpretation of opioid utilisation studies using population‐level DDDs may be limited, and a recalibration of the DDD for many opioids or the reporting of opioid utilisation in oral morphine equivalent doses is recommended. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Key messages for communicating information about BRCA1 and BRCA2 to women with breast or ovarian cancer: Consensus across health professionals and service users
Authors: Jacobs Chris , Pichert Gabriella , Harris Jackie , Tucker Kathy , Michie Susan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundGenetic testing of cancer predisposing genes will increasingly be needed in oncology clinics to target cancer treatment. This Delphi study aimed to identify areas of agreement and disagreement between genetics and oncology health professionals and service users about the key messages required by women with breast/ovarian cancer who undergo BRCA1/BRCA2 genetic testing and the optimal timing of communicating key messages.MethodsParticipants were 16 expert health professionals specialising in oncology/genetics and 16 service users with breast/ovarian cancer and a pathogenic BRCA1/BRCA2 variant. Online questionnaires containing 53 inductively developed information messages were circulated to the groups separately. Participants rated each message as key/not key on a Likert scale and suggested additional messages. Questionnaires were modified according to the feedback and up to 3 rounds were circulated. Consensus was reached when there was ≥75% agreement.ResultsThirty key messages were agreed by both groups with 7 of the key messages agreed by ≥95% of participants: dominant inheritance, the availability of predictive testing, the importance of pretest discussion, increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer, and the option of risk‐reducing mastectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. Both groups agreed that key messages should be communicated before genetic testing and once a pathogenic variant has been identified.ConclusionsThere was a high level of agreement within and between the groups about the information requirements of women with breast/ovarian cancer about BRCA1/BRCA2. These key messages will be helpful in developing new approaches to the delivery of information as genetic testing becomes further integrated into mainstream oncology services.
The connection between extreme stratospheric polar vortex events and tropospheric blockings
Authors: Huang Jinlong , Tian Wenshou , Zhang Jiankai , Huang Qian , Tian Hongying , Luo Jiali 
Published: January 2017

The variations of tropospheric blockings and their connections with the stratospheric polar vortex during different stages of the life cycle of extreme stratospheric polar vortex events (i.e. strong vortex (SV) events and weak vortex (WV) events) are investigated. The blocking frequency decreases over the Euro‐Atlantic sector and increases over the western North Pacific during the onset and maturation stages of SV events. There are more blocking days over the western North Pacific and weakened upward planetary wave fluxes in the stratosphere during the maturation stage of shorter time‐scale SV events than during longer time‐scale SV events and the weakening of the upward planetary wave fluxes mainly results from the linear wave interference effect. The blocking frequency is increased over the Euro‐Atlantic sector during the decline stage of SV events. This increase is found to be related to the descending stratospheric zonal wind anomalies and the poleward displacement of the eddy‐driven jet stream, which lasts for about 10 days and is associated with the descending positive stratospheric Northern Annular Mode (NAM) anomalies. The increased blocking frequency leads to an enhancement of the planetary wave fluxes in the stratosphere via both the linear wave interference (for shorter time‐scale SV events) and nonlinear wave interference (for longer time‐scale SV events) effect.The changes of the blocking frequency during the growth stage of WV events are almost opposite to those observed during the onset and maturation stages of SV events. The blocking frequency decreases over the Euro‐Atlantic sector after the central dates of WV events, which are related to the descending stratospheric zonal wind anomalies and the equatorward displacement of the eddy‐driven jet stream preceded by the descending negative stratospheric NAM anomalies about 10 days. We found that the nonlinear wave interference begins to make a considerable contribution to the weakening of the upward wave fluxes in the stratosphere after the central date of WV events and this is not emphasized in previous literature.
Bora wind and heavy persistent precipitation: atmospheric water balance and role of air–sea fluxes over the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Davolio Silvio , Henin Riccardo , Stocchi Paolo , Buzzi Andrea 
Published: January 2017

The Adriatic basin is regularly affected by cold, strong and gusty bora winds blowing from the northeast, especially during winter. These events are characterized by intense air–sea interactions and produce important meteorological effects not only over the eastern Adriatic basin, where bora originates and attains its maximum intensity, but also downstream over the Italian peninsula where heavy rainfall and snowfall can occur.The present study aims at evaluating the impact of surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat, that characterize air–sea interaction during a bora episode, on wind strength and profiles over the Adriatic Sea, in relation to intense precipitation affecting the Apennines and the Italian coast. High‐resolution numerical simulations are used in order to assess the role of surface fluxes in modulating the atmospheric water balance, modifying the thermodynamic characteristic of the boundary layer and, in turn, the dynamics of the orographic flow regime.Results show that while surface evaporation is responsible for a relatively small contribution to the total atmospheric water budget over the Adriatic area, surface fluxes still have a remarkable impact on precipitation via dynamical processes. Both sensible and latent heat fluxes modify the speed, temperature and moisture profiles of the low‐level bora wind, sensibly changing the dynamical characteristics of interaction of the flow with the downstream orography. The orographic flow regime determines the intensity and location of orographically induced uplift and hence precipitation. Therefore, the picture that directly associates the precipitation amount upstream and over the Apennines with the degree of moistening of air during its passage over the sea and with orographic uplift is shown to be too simplistic. The variations of the wind speed and static stability due to surface fluxes involve complex and nonlinear effects, changing the flow regime in response to the orographic forcing and thus determining amount and location of heavy precipitation.
A γ‐Strawman privacy‐preserving scheme in weighted social networks
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Bowen , Chen Min , Yuan Quan , Du Ruiying 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWith the dramatic development of social network applications, such as the Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace, privacy‐preserving problem is getting increasingly concerned. Apart from node information, researchers have found that structure information can also leak data providers' privacy, especially in weighted social networks. However, most of the existing private‐preserving schemes focus on a single aspect. The comprehensive consideration introduces two challenges. On one hand, the different anonymity demands of node and structure information lead to the collision of different design criteria, which is called as consistency matching problem. On the other hand, the simple combination of existing schemes may introduce large amounts of unnecessary changes, which makes the published information meaningless. Thus, we must find the balance between anonymity demands and changes, which is called as optimization trade‐off problem. In this paper, we propose a γ‐Strawman privacy‐preserving scheme in weighted social networks to solve these challenges. To address consistency matching problem, we propose a greedy algorithm based on a user trade‐off metric. For optimization tradeoff problem, a closeness edge‐editing technology is considered, which can change the private information slightly. Finally, we evaluate our scheme on real‐world datasets, the experimental results show that the γ‐Strawman scheme is efficient. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity assessment of zero valent iron nanoparticles on Artemia salina
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Roy Rajdeep , Parashar Abhinav , Raichur Ashok M. , Chandrasekaran Natarajan , Mukherjee Anita , Mukherjee Amitava 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe present study deals with the toxicity assessment of two differently synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI, chemical and biological) as well as Fe2+ ions on Artemia salina at three different initial concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/L of these particles. The assessment was done till 96 h at time intervals of 24 h. EC50 value was calculated to evaluate the 50% mortality of Artemia salina at all exposure time durations. Between chemically and biologically synthesized nZVI nanoparticles, insignificant differences in the level of mortality were demonstrated. At even 24 h, Fe2+ ion imparted complete lethality at the highest exposure concentration (100 mg/L). To understand intracellular oxidative stress because of zero valent iron nanoparticles, ROS estimation, SOD activity, GSH activity, and catalase activity was performed which demonstrated that ionic form of iron is quite lethal at high concentrations as compared with the same concentration of nZVI exposure. Lower concentrations of nZVI were more toxic as compared with the ionic form and was in order of CS‐nZVI > BS‐nZVI > Fe2+. Cell membrane damage and bio‐uptake of nanoparticles were also evaluated for all three concentrations of BS‐nZVI, CS‐nZVI, and Fe2+ using adult Artemia salina in marine water; both of which supported the observations made in toxicity assessment. This study can be further explored to exploit Artemia salina as a model organism and a biomarker in an nZVI prone aquatic system to detect toxic levels of these nanoparticles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1617–1627, 2017.
Cyto‐genotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to a mixture of ibuprofen and diclofenac
Authors: Islas‐Flores Hariz , Manuel Gómez‐Oliván Leobardo , Galar‐Martínez Marcela , Michelle Sánchez‐Ocampo Esmeralda , SanJuan‐Reyes Nely , Ortíz‐Reynoso Mariana , Dublán‐García Octavio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThirty million people worldwide consume each day nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a heterogeneous group of pharmaceuticals used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Recent studies report high NSAID concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents, in surface, ground, and drinking water, and in sediments. NSAIDs are also known to induce toxicity on aquatic organisms. However, toxicity in natural ecosystems is not usually the result of exposure to a single substance but to a mixture of toxic agents, yet only a few studies have evaluated the toxicity of mixtures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity induced by diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP), and their mixture on a species of commercial interest, the common carp Cyprinus carpio. The median lethal concentration of IBP and DCF was determined, and oxidative stress was evaluated using the following biomarkers: lipid peroxidation and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Cyto‐genotoxicity was evaluated by micronucleus test, comet assay, and the specific activity of caspase‐3. Results show that DCF, IBP, and a mixture of these pharmaceuticals induced free radical production, oxidative stress and cyto‐genotoxicity in tissues of C. carpio. However, a greater effect was elicited by the mixture than by either pharmaceutical alone in some biomarkers evaluated, particularly in gill. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1637–1650, 2017.
Genetic polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and transforming growth factor‐β1 and susceptibility to combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in a Chinese population
Authors: Xu Ling , Bian Wei , Gu Xiao‐Hua , Shen Ce 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to explore the association of genetic polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and the susceptibility to combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). We examined the polymorphisms of the MMP‐9 C‐1562T and TGF‐β1 T869C in 38 CPFE patients, 50 pulmonary emphysema patients, and 34 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. The frequencies of polymorphic genotypes in MMP‐9 were 78.95% CC and 21.05% CT in CPFE group, 76.0% CC and 24.0% CT in emphysema group, and 100.0% CC in IPF group. There were highly statistically significant increased frequencies of the CT genotype and T allele in CPFE and emphysema groups compared with IPF group (p < 0.05). The frequencies of polymorphic genotypes in TGF‐β1 were 2.63% CC, 28.95% CT, 68.42% TT in CPFE group, 4.00% CC, 16.00% CT, 80.00% TT in emphysema group, and 5.88% CC, 41.18% CT, 52.94% TT in IPF group. Significant increases in the TT genotype and T allele frequencies were observed in emphysema group compared with IPF group (p < 0.05). Our study has showed that T allele in MMP‐9 (C‐1562T) and T allele in TGF‐β1 (T869C) are risk factors of pulmonary emphysema. The T allele in MMP‐9 (C‐1562T) possibly predisposes patients with pulmonary fibrosis to develop emphysema.
Defining the Nature and Limits of Presidential Powers in the Transitional Constitution of South Sudan: A Politically Contentious Matter for the New Nation
Authors: Deng Mark A W 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article reflects on the Transitional Constitution of South Sudan and the political tumult in which it has landed the country. In particular, it looks at the contentious provisions of article 101(r) and (s) of the constitution, which give the president powers to remove an elected state governor and appoint a new governor, upon the occurrence of a crisis whose nature is undefined in the constitution and remains intellectually inconceivable. The article argues that these provisions concentrate political power in the hands of president, to the extent that they undermine the development and maintenance of democracy and the rule of law in the country. In conclusion, it argues for the adoption of a democratic constitution and a federal system of government as the solution to the concentration of political power in Juba.
Live weight gain, urinary nitrogen excretion and urination behaviour of dairy heifers grazing pasture, chicory and plantain
Authors: CHENG L. , MCCORMICK J. , HUSSEIN A. N. , LOGAN C. , PACHECO D. , HODGE M. C. , EDWARDS G. R. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYThe objective of the present study was to investigate live weight (LW) gain, urinary nitrogen (UN) excretion and urination behaviour of dairy heifers grazing pasture, chicory and plantain in autumn and spring. The study comprised a 35-day autumn trial (with a 7-day acclimation period) and a 28-days spring trial (with a 7-day acclimation period). For each trial, 56 Friesian × Jersey heifers were blocked into five dietary treatments balanced for their LW and breeding worth (i.e. genetic merit of a cow for production and reproduction): 1·00 perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture (PA); 1·00 chicory (CH); 1·00 plantain (PL); 0·50 pasture + 0·50 chicory (PA + CH); and 0·50 pasture + 0·50 plantain (PA + PL). A fresh allocation of the herbage was offered every 3 days with allowance calculated according to feed requirement for maintenance plus gain of 1·0 kg LW/day. In both trials, LW gain was lower on CH than other treatments. In the spring trial, UN concentration and UN excretion were lower in CH and PL than other treatments. In autumn, a higher urination frequency was observed over the first 6 h after forage allocation in CH and PA + CH than other treatments. Data from the present study indicate that feeding CH alone limited heifer LW gain. However, heifers grazing swards containing chicory (CH and PA + CH) and plantain (PL and PA + PL) had the potential to lower nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching from soil compared with heifers grazing PA, by reducing N loading in urine patches.