bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crackle template based metallic mesh with highly homogeneous light transmission for high-performance transparent EMI shielding
Authors: Han Yu , Lin Jie , Liu Yuxuan , Fu Hao , Ma Yuan , Jin Peng , Tan Jiubin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOur daily electromagnetic environment is becoming increasingly complex with the rapid development of consumer electronics and wireless communication technologies, which in turn necessitates the development of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, especially for transparent components. We engineered a transparent EMI shielding film with crack-template based metallic mesh (CT-MM) that shows highly homogeneous light transmission and strong microwave shielding efficacy. The CT-MM film is fabricated using a cost-effective lift-off method based on a crackle template. It achieves a shielding effectiveness of ~26 dB, optical transmittance of ~91% and negligible impact on optical imaging performance. Moreover, high–quality CT-MM film is demonstrated on a large–calibre spherical surface. These excellent properties of CT-MM film, together with its advantages of facile large-area fabrication and scalability in processing on multi-shaped substrates, make CT-MM a powerful technology for transparent EMI shielding in practical applications.
Development of enzyme technology for Aspergillus oryzae, A. sojae, and A. luchuensis,the national microorganisms of Japan
Authors: Ichishima Eiji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper describes the modern enzymology in Japanese bioindustries. The invention of Takadiastase by Jokiti Takamine in 1894 has revolutionized the world of industrial enzyme production by fermentation. In 1949, a new γ-amylase (glucan 1,4-α-glucosidase, EC 3.2.1.3) from A. luchuensis (formerly designated as A. awamori), was found by Kitahara. RNase T1 (guanyloribonuclease, EC 3.1.27.3) was discovered by Sato and Egami. Ando discovered Aspergillus nuclease S1 (single-stranded nucleate endonuclease, EC 3.1.30.1). Aspergillopepsin I (EC 3.4.23.18) from A. tubingensis (formerly designated as A. saitoi) activates trypsinogen to trypsin. Shintani et al. demonstrated Asp76 of aspergillopepsin I as the binding site for the basic substrate, trypsinogen. The new oligosaccharide moieties Man10GlcNAc2 and Man11GlcNAc2 were identified with α-1,2-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.113) from A. tubingensis. A yeast mutant compatible of producing Man5GlcNAc2 human compatible sugar chains on glycoproteins was constructed. The acid activation of protyrosinase from A. oryzae at pH 3.0 was resolved. The hyper-protein production system of glucoamylase was established in a submerged culture.
Maximum intrinsic rate of population increase in sharks, rays, and chimaeras: the importance of survival to maturity
Authors: Pardo Sebastián A. , Kindsvater Holly K. , Reynolds John D. , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe maximum intrinsic rate of population increase rmax is a commonly estimated demographic parameter used in assessments of extinction risk. In teleosts, rmax can be calculated using an estimate of spawners per spawner, but for chondrichthyans, most studies have used annual reproductive output b instead. This is problematic as it effectively assumes all juveniles survive to maturity. Here, we propose an updated rmax equation that uses a simple mortality estimator which also accounts for survival to maturity: the reciprocal of average lifespan. For 94 chondrichthyans, we now estimate that rmax values are on average 10% lower than previously published. Our updated rmax estimates are lower than previously published for species that mature later relative to maximum age and those with high annual fecundity. The most extreme discrepancies in rmax values occur in species with low age at maturity and low annual reproductive output. Our results indicate that chondrichthyans that mature relatively later in life, and to a lesser extent those that are highly fecund, are less resilient to fishing than previously thought.
Separating spandrels from phenotypic targets of selection in adaptive molecular evolution
Authors: Springer Stevan A. , Manhart Michael , Morozov Alexandre V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThere are many examples of adaptive molecular evolution in natural populations, but there is no existing method to verify which phenotypic changes were directly targeted by selection. The problem is that correlations between traits make it difficult to distinguish between direct and indirect selection. A phenotype is a direct target of selection when that trait in particular was shaped by selection to better perform a function. An indirect target of selection, also known as an evolutionary spandrel, is a phenotype that changes only because it is correlated with another trait under direct selection. Studies that mutate genes and examine the phenotypic consequences are increasingly common, and these experiments could estimate the mutational accessibility of the phenotypic changes that arise during an instance of adaptive molecular evolution. Under indirect selection, we expect phenotypes to evolve toward states that are more accessible by mutation. Deviation from this null expectation (evolution toward a phenotypic state rarely produced by mutation) would be compelling evidence of adaptation, and could be used to distinguish direct selection from indirect selection on correlated traits. To be practical, this molecular test of adaptation requires phenotypic differences that are caused by changes in a small number of genes. These kinds of genetically simple traits have been observed in many empirical studies of adaptive evolution. Here we describe how to use mutational accessibility to separate spandrels from direct targets of selection and thus verify adaptive hypotheses for phenotypes that evolve by adaptive molecular changes at one or a few genes.
Market intelligence effect on perceived psychic distance, strategic behaviours and export performance in industrial SMEs
Authors: Navarro-García Antonio , Peris-Oritz Marta , Barrera-Barrera Ramón 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper has two objectives in the area of industrialised small- and medium-sized industrial company (SME) export activity. First, it responds to the gap in the literature on the role of market intelligence in the interrelations between perceived psychic distance, marketing mix decisions and export performance. The second objective concerns the influence of resource heterogeneity (size and export department) in the proposed model.

Design/methodology/approach
The current paper tests a posited research model and its hypotheses using the data from a multi-sector sample of exporters (196 Spanish industrial SMEs). The data are analyzed using a partial least squares approach.

Findings
The results of the empirical study show that: strategic decisions to adapt marketing mix elements to suit foreign markets have a positive effect on export performance; strategic adaptations are more numerous when export managers perceive a greater psychic distance; an export department helps develop market intelligence ability, which positively moderates the impact of strategic adaptations on export performance; and size does not have a significant effect on the interrelations studied.

Practical implications
Export managers in industrial SMEs can use the results and conclusions of this present paper to systematise their decision-making in export activity.

Originality/value
This paper makes a significant contribution towards covering an important gap in research into industrial SME exporters, by demonstrating the importance of market intelligence in export activity.
The incidence of incentives for t-commerce acceptance: improving television as a distribution channel
Authors: Arroyo-Cañada Francisco-Javier , Gil-Lafuente Jaime 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the impact of incentives on the behavioral intention to use electronic commerce through interactive television to enhance a deeper understanding of how television platforms can improve the attractiveness of television to enterprises as a channel of communication and distribution.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a questionnaire to collect empirical data on preferences related to perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, attitude toward the use of t-commerce and behavioral intention to use t-commerce and incentives. The measurement scales of the variables were tested using exploratory factor analysis. The hypotheses were tested using the results of forgotten effects analysis applied to the incidences of incentives on the precedents of the behavioral intention to use t-commerce.

Findings
The findings suggest that there are no significant direct incidences between incentives and the behavioral intention to use t-commerce, but the direct incidence is only part of the total incidence and on many occasions is only a small part, as the result of causal relationships between causes and effects. The results indicate indirect incidences between incentives and the behavioral intention to use t-commerce through its precedents.

Practical Implications
Marketing managers of television platforms may consider the use of incentives to encourage behavioral intention to use t-commerce to achieve the development of interactive television as a distribution channel.

Originality/value
Research on t-commerce acceptance, especially research that uses extrinsic variables, is scarce. This paper addresses that gap by exploring the use of incentives to attract users.
The relationship between competition and risk-taking behaviour of Indian banks
Authors: Sarkar Sanjukta , Sensarma Rudra 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
Under the traditional franchise value paradigm, competition in banking markets is considered to be risk enhancing because of its tendency to raise interest rates on deposits. Taking a contrarian view, Boyd and De Nicolo (2005) have argued that competition in the loan market can lead to lower interest rates and hence reduce bank risk-taking. Following these contradictory theoretical results, the empirical evidence on the relationship between risk and competition in banking has also been mixed. This paper analyses the competition–stability relationship for the Indian banking sector for the period 1999-2000 to 2012-2013.

Design/methodology/approach
Banking competition is measured using structural measures of concentration, namely, five-bank concentration ratios and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index as well as a non-structural measure of competition – the Panzar-Rosse H-Statistic. Panel regression methods are used to estimate the relationships.

Findings
Our results show that while concentration leads to lower levels of default, market and asset risks, it exacerbates the levels of capital and liquidity risks.

Practical implications
These results have interesting implications for banking sector policy in emerging economies. For instance, any strategy on entry of new banks has to be carefully coordinated with supervisory efforts and macro-prudential policy to derive the benefits of greater competition in the banking industry.

Originality/value
This is the first paper that analyses the competition – stability relationship using a large number of alternative measures for the banking sector, an emerging economy.
Whose Water Is It?
Authors: Lambert Hilary A. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLegal protection of the USA's water resources was reduced during the Bush‐Cheney Administration (2000–2008), facilitating coal, oil, and gas development at the expense of clean water. The “Halliburton Loophole” in the 2005 Energy Act exempted all oil and gas development activities, including fracking (hydraulic fracturing), from the Clean Water Act, Clean Drinking Water Act, and other federal statutes. Two U.S. Supreme Court rulings weakened the Clean Water Act's protections of headwaters, streams, wetlands, and other water bodies. In New York State, communities faced with the imminent prospect of fracking by energy companies organized. From 2008–2014, they prevented fracking in New York. Water protection played a major role in energizing community response, In 2015, a fragile, but resilient, ban was declared statewide. In Kentucky, 150 years of coal mining resulted in pollution of many waterways, with hundreds of stream miles buried beneath mountaintop removal debris. Kentuckians have been pushing back since the 1930s to protect communities, farms, and water quality. They remain hopeful in the face of great odds. Urban populations making daily use of cheap, clean water and fossil‐fuel‐powered energy sources have little knowledge of these struggles. In rural America, the fight to protect communities, lands, and waters from energy exploitation is lifelong.
Challenges for Social‐Change Organizing in Rural Areas
Authors: Stephens Maura 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCorporate criminality and corporate welfare proliferate, and their victims mount. Rural inhabitants, human and nonhuman, are among those most affected. Rural areas are particularly affected by chemical contamination, fossil fuel exploitation, the absence of coverage of relevant local issues by the media, marginalization by governments, and the loss of cherished places and ways of life. There has never been a greater need for collective opposition to the forces undermining rural life. But conditions make it especially difficult, with growing poverty, dwindling and aging populations, lack of transit, unreliable, spotty telecommunications, and other obstacles. These factors and others are used to illustrate why ramped‐up activism is essential to protect the rights of rural residents, the natural environment, and the farmlands that feed the majority of the U.S. population.
Functional Self‐Assembled Peptide Nanofibers for Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Encapsulation and Regeneration in Nucleus Pulposus
Authors: Wu Yaohong , Jia Zhiwei , Liu Longgang , Zhao Yachao , Li Hao , Wang Chaofeng , Tao Hui , Tang Yong , He Qing , Ruan Dike 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLow back pain (LBP) is mainly caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Recent studies have demonstrated that the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can regenerate regions that have undergone degeneration, and the regenerative effect can be enhanced by using a hydrogel carrier. This article describes an injectable functional hydrogel system manufactured by combining RADA16‐I and RADA‐KPSS (RADA‐KPSS was manufactured by conjugating a bioactive motif derived from BMP‐7 [KPSS] onto the C terminal of RADA16‐I) at a volume ratio of 1:1. This hydrogel system can enhance the proliferation, differentiation, and chemotactic migration of BMSCs. In addition, the encapsulation of BMSCs with this system maintains cell viability for a long period after transplantation into an ex vivo cultured disc model. In conclusion, KPSS‐conjugated RADKPS is an ideal encapsulation system for BMSCs in intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration.
Successful use of intravitreal ranibizumab injection and combined treatment in the management of Coats' disease
Authors: Yang Qiong , Wei Wenbin , Shi Xuehui , Yang Lihong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo observe the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) combined with another ablative therapy, such as laser photocoagulation, for Coats' disease.MethodsPatients younger than 16 years of age who were diagnosed with Coats' disease were included in this study. They were treated with IVR (0.5 mg, monthly in the first 3 months) as an initial treatment, which was combined with another ablative therapy, such as laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy, as needed. The main data evaluation and outcome measurements included best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after treatment, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), the number of treatment sessions, and ocular and systemic side‐effects during follow‐up.ResultsSeventeen patients were included in this study; the average age was 7.9 ± 3.8 years, and the average follow‐up time was 9.7 ± 3.3 months. The mean number of IVR treatments was 3.9 ± 1.0. Sixteen patients (94.1%) needed another treatment. Eleven patients (64.7%) were stable at the final follow‐up. The BCVA at the last follow‐up was significantly improved compared to baseline (p < 0.001). Telangiectasia regression was found in all patients. Partial and total retinal attached was found in 14 patients (82.4%), and exudate resolution was found in eight patients (47.1%). There were no severe ocular or systemic side‐effects during the follow‐up period.ConclusionIntravitreal ranibizumab combined with other ablative therapies as an initial treatment is an effective and safe treatment approach for Coats' disease that may improve the visual acuity and reduce the subretinal fluid, exudates and telangiectasia.
Behavioural synchronization of large‐scale animal movements – disperse alone, but migrate together?
Authors: Cote Julien , Bocedi Greta , Debeffe Lucie , Chudzińska Magda E. , Weigang Helene C. , Dytham Calvin , Gonzalez Georges , Matthysen Erik , Travis Justin , Baguette Michel , Hewison A. J. Mark 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTDispersal and migration are superficially similar large‐scale movements, but which appear to differ in terms of inter‐individual behavioural synchronization. Seasonal migration is a striking example of coordinated behaviour, enabling animal populations to track spatio‐temporal variation in ecological conditions. By contrast, for dispersal, while social context may influence an individual's emigration and settlement decisions, transience is believed to be mostly a solitary behaviour. Here, we review differences in drivers that may explain why migration appears to be more synchronized than dispersal. We derive the prediction that the contrast in the importance of behavioural synchronization between dispersal and migration is linked to differences in the selection pressures that drive their respective evolution. Although documented examples of collective dispersal are rare, this behaviour may be more common than currently believed, with important consequences for eco‐evolutionary dynamics. Crucially, to date, there is little available theory for predicting when we should expect collective dispersal to evolve, and we also lack empirical data to test predictions across species. By reviewing the state of the art in research on migration and collective movements, we identify how we can harness these advances, both in terms of theory and data collection, to broaden our understanding of synchronized dispersal and its importance in the context of global change.
One‐year results of maxillary overdentures supported by 2 titanium–zirconium implants – implant survival rates and radiographic outcomes
Authors: Zembic Anja , Tahmaseb Ali , Jung Ronald E. , Wismeijer Daniel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess implant survival rates and peri‐implant bone loss of 2 titanium–zirconium implants supporting maxillary overdentures at 1 year of loading.Material and MethodsTwenty maxillary edentulous patients (5 women and 15 men) being dissatisfied with their complete dentures were included. In total, 40 diameter‐reduced titanium–zirconium implants were placed in the anterior maxilla. Local guided bone regeneration (GBR) was allowed if the treatment did not compromise implant stability. Following 3 to 5 months of healing, implant‐supported overdentures were inserted on two ball anchors. Implants and overdentures were assessed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implant insertion and 2, 4, and 12 months after insertion of overdentures (baseline). Standardized radiographs were taken at implant loading and 1 year. Implant survival rates and bone loss were the primary outcomes.ResultsNineteen patients (1 dropout) with 38 implants were evaluated at a mean follow‐up of 1.1 years (range 1.0–1.7 years). One implant failed resulting in an implant survival rate of 97.3%. There was a significant peri‐implant bone loss of the implants at 1 year of function (mean, 0.7 mm, SD = 1.1 mm; median: 0.48 mm, IQR = 0.56 mm).ConclusionsThere was a high 1‐year implant survival rate for edentulous patients receiving 2 maxillary implants and ball anchors as overdenture support. However, several implants exhibited an increased amount of bone loss of more than 2 mm. Overdentures supported by 2 maxillary implants should thus be used with caution as minimally invasive treatment for specific patients encountering problems with their upper dentures until more long‐term data is available.
PD‐L1 expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma correlates with risk of metastasis
Authors: Slater Nathaniel A. , Googe Paul B. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundProgrammed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has not been described.MethodsWe reviewed immunohistochemical stained sections of 40 primary and five metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas using antibody to PD‐L1 and classified the staining pattern according to the DAKO tumor proportion score method. We compared the staining results with microscopic staging parameters associated with risk of metastasis including tumor diameter, histologic grade, tumor thickness and perineural invasion.ResultsPD‐L1 expression was present in 4 of 20 low risk tumors (20%), all of which showed low expression. PD‐L1 expression was present in 14 of 20 high risk tumors (70%), 12 of which showed low expression and 2 of which showed high expression, 5 of 5 metastases (100%), with three showing low expression and two showing high expression.ConclusionsThis survey documents PD‐L1 expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and shows a positive correlation between the degree PD‐L1 expression and pathologic findings related to risk of metastasis including large diameter, higher histological grade and tumor thickness.
Effect of basal insulin therapy on vascular endothelial function and adipokine profiles in people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Makino H. , Tanaka A. , Hosoda H. , Koezuka R. , Tochiya M. , Ohata Y. , Tamanaha T. , Miyamoto Y. , Kangawa K. , Kishimoto I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo compare the effects of the basal insulin analogues glargine and detemir on endothelial function and adipocytokine levels in people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe studied 32 people with Type 2 diabetes whose blood glucose control was unsatisfactory while receiving only oral hypoglycaemic drugs. Participants were randomized to either insulin glargine or detemir for 24 weeks and then crossed over to the other treatment without a washout period. Flow‐mediated vasodilatation, adipocytokine levels (plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and leptin/adiponectin ratio), and fasting ghrelin levels were monitored.ResultsHbA1c levels were significantly decreased by both basal insulin therapies. Body weight was significantly increased by glargine but not by detemir. The proportion of flow‐mediated vasodilatation was significantly increased by detemir but not glargine (glargine: from 5.17 ± 0.69 to 5.94 ± 0.83%; detemir: from 4.89 ± 0.78 to 7.92 ± 0.69%). Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 level was significantly decreased by only detemir (glargine: from 16.4 ± 1.8 to 17.3 ± 2.1; detemir: from 19.2 ± 2.8 to 16.0 ± 1.6 ng/ml). The leptin/adiponectin ratio was significantly increased only by glargine. Acyl ghrelin level was significantly decreased by glargine but not detemir.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the effect on endothelial function and adipocytokine profiles may differ between glargine and detemir in people with diabetes (Trial registration ID: UMIN000004973).