bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling deep-water formation in the north-west Mediterranean Sea with a new air–sea coupled model: sensitivity to turbulent flux parameterizations
Authors: Seyfried Léo , Marsaleix Patrick , Richard Evelyne , Estournel Claude 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In the north-western Mediterranean, the strong, dry, cold winds, the Tramontane and Mistral, produce intense heat and moisture exchange at the interface between the ocean and the atmosphere leading to the formation of deep dense waters, a process that occurs only in certain regions of the world. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the ability of a new coupled ocean–atmosphere modelling system based on MESONH-SURFEX-SYMPHONIE to simulate a deep-water formation event in real conditions. The study focuses on summer 2012 to spring 2013, a favourable period that is well documented by previous studies and for which many observations are available. Model results are assessed through detailed comparisons with different observation data sets, including measurements from buoys, moorings and floats. The good overall agreement between observations and model results shows that the new coupled system satisfactorily simulates the formation of deep dense water and can be used with confidence to study ocean–atmosphere coupling in the north-western Mediterranean. In addition, to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the representation of turbulent fluxes in strong wind conditions, several simulations were carried out based on different parameterizations of the flux bulk formulas. The results point out that the choice of turbulent flux parameterization strongly influences the simulation of the deep-water convection and can modify the volume of the newly formed deep water by a factor of 2.
Tiana, a primeira princesa negra da Disney: olhares analíticos construídos juntos à cultura visual
Authors: Baliscei João Paulo , Calsa Geiva Carolina , Stein Vinícius 
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho discute os estereótipos raciais reproduzidos pela Disney, que tem como público-alvo o infantil e grande repercussão entre as crianças brasileiras. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir dos Estudos Culturais e da Cultura Visual. Discutimos sobre cenas selecionadas do desenho animado A Princesa e o Sapo (2009). Concluímos que, embora haja um avanço na abordagem das relações inter-raciais com a criação de protagonistas negros/as, o filme analisado ainda valoriza estereótipos, uma vez que alguns aspectos contribuem para a marginalização e abjeção de personagens negros/as. AbstractThis paper discusses the racial stereotypes reproduced by Disney productions, whose target audience is the children and has great repercussion among Brazilian children. For this, we carried out a bibliographical research based on Cultural Studies and Visual Culture. We discussed selected scenes from the cartoon The Princess and the Frog (2009). We conclude that, although there is a progress in the approach of interracial relations with the creation of black protagonists, the analyzed film still values stereotypes, since in some aspects they contribute to the marginalization and abjection of black characters. ResumenEste trabajo discute los estereotipos raciales reproducidos por las producciones de Disney, direccionadas a una audiencia de niños y, que tiene una gran repercusión entre los niños brasileños. Para esto, desarrollamos una investigación bibliográfica basada en Estudios Culturales y Cultura Visual. Discutimos algunas escenas seleccionadas del dibujo La princesa y el sapo (2009). Concluimos que, a pesar de los avances en el tratamiento de las relaciones interraciales con la creación de protagonistas negros/as, la película analizada todavía valora los estereotipos, ya que en algunos aspectos contribuyen para la marginación y el rechazo de los/as personajes negros/as.
From Off-Label to Repurposed Drug in Non-Oncological Rare Diseases: Definition and State of the Art in Selected EU Countries
Authors: Minghetti Paola , Lanati Elena P. , Godfrey Josie , Solà-Morales Oriol , Wong Olivier , Selletti Sonia 
Published: December 2017

Introduction Almost 8,000 rare diseases exist worldwide, affecting approximately 350 million people. Nevertheless, only 5% receive a specific authorized or licensed treatment. The need for effective and rapidly available therapies is still unmet for many patients. Objective The objective is to define repurposing versus off-label drugs, and to evaluate pathways of repurposed drugs for rare non-oncological diseases in Italy, France, England, and Spain (the EU4 countries). Methods This original paper is based on 3 research activities: (i) a nonsystematic literature research; (ii) a questionnaire-based survey to regulatory experts; and (iii) research on approval timelines and therapy prices of repurposed non-oncology orphan drugs. Official approval dates in England are not available if the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence does not appraise the products. Results Only France provides a specific adaptive pathway from off-label to repurposed drugs. Pricing and reimbursement assessment for the drug samples varied across the EU4 countries: time-to-market for repurposed drugs versus new drugs is longer in all analyzed countries; that is, 979 days versus 462 days in Italy, 502 days versus 350 days in France, and 624 versus 378 days in Spain. Repurposed drugs have higher success rates from development to approval than novel drugs (30% vs. 11%). Small- and medium-sized enterprises owned 9 of 12 repurposed non-oncology orphan drugs, of which only 4 were reimbursed in all EU4 countries. Prices were more homogeneous across EU4 although the reimbursement rates were different. Conclusions Drug repurposing represents a great opportunity to treat rare non-oncological diseases. However, a more homogenous assessment across EU4 could ensure reimbursement and prices high enough to reward organizations investing in this field.
O SUJEITO QUE CUIDA DO OUTRO: SEUS DISCURSOS E PRÁTICAS EM SAÚDE
Authors: De Lucena Maria Angelica Gazzana , Paviani Jayme 
Published: December 2017

<p> A leitura que se pretende aqui realizar é sobre aquele sujeito que cuida do outro, no campo da saúde, tornada campo de problematização, em diálogo com Foucault. Guardado o aspecto de como cada profissional se movimenta nesse campo, se usa ao profissional Enfermeiro o que cuida do outro. Nesse propósito, e para também compreender os seus modos de ser, viver e trabalhar se faz uma aproximação às contribuições de Foucault no que se refere às noções de sujeito, poder, discurso e que se entende podem contribuir para elucidar outros aspectos, no que tange às condições sociais dos espaços em que se encontra o sujeito que cuida do outro. Nesse modo de relatar e abordar esse sujeito que cuida do outro, se remete a referenciais que envolvem a construção discursiva de seu “saber-fazer cuidado” em saúde, ainda que em linhas gerais. O argumento de fundo é o de que esse sujeito que cuida do outro se encontra inserido, histórica e socialmente, na trama complexa das relações e mantido por uma rede de poderes que se observa na atualidade.</p><p class="SemEspaamento"> </p>
The genus Luticola (Bacillariophyta) on Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul (Southern Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species
Authors: Chattová Barbora , Lebouvier Marc , De Haan Myriam , Van de Vijver Bart 
Published: December 2017

Five species of the terrestrial diatom genus Luticola D.G.Mann were found during a taxonomic survey of two small volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul (Southern Indian Ocean). Apart from the two already known Luticola species L. beyensii Van de Vijver et al. and L. subcrozetensis Van de Vijver et al., two new species are described: L. ivetana Chattová & Van de Vijver sp. nov. and L. vancampiana Chattová & Van de Vijver sp. nov. Finally, one, up to now unknown, Luticola species is briefly discussed and illustrated. Detailed morphological descriptions of these taxa are provided based on both light and scanning electron microscopy observations. Morphological features of the new species are compared to morphologically similar taxa, and notes on their ecology and biogeography are added.
Spatial pattern of foot-and-mouth disease in animals in China, 2010–2016
Authors: Ma Jun , Xiao Jianhua , Gao Xiang , Liu Boyang , Chen Hao , Wang Hongbin 
Published: December 2017

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. An outbreak of FMD can produce devastating economic losses for a considerable length of time. In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of FMD in China, data from 2010 to 2016 were collected, including information on 65 outbreaks of FMD (25 by serotype A and 40 by serotype O), and 5,937 diseased animals (1,691 serotype A and 4,284 serotype O cases). Spatial autocorrelation, including global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation, as well as directional distribution analysis, were performed. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of FMD cases from 2010 to 2016 did not show clustering (P > 0.05). In 2013 and 2014, the FMD serotype A hotspots areas were Tibet (Z = 3.3236,P < 0.001 in 2013;Z = 3.2001,P < 0.001 in 2014) and Xinjiang provinces (Z = 4.2113,P < 0.001 in 2013;Z = 3.9888,P < 0.001 in 2014). The FMD serotype O hotspots areas were: Xinjiang (Z = 2.5832,P = 0.0098) province in 2010; Tibet (Z = 3.8814,P < 0.001) and Xinjiang (Z = 4.9128,P < 0.001) provinces in 2011; and Tibet (Z = 3.0838,P = 0.0020), Xinjiang (Z = 3.8705,P < 0.001) and Qinghai (Z = 2.8875,P = 0.0039) provinces in 2013. The distribution of FMD cases from 2010 to 2016 showed a significant directional trend (northwest-southeast). In conclusion, our findings revealed the spatial patterns of FMD cases, which may provide beneficial information for the prevention and control of FMD.
Colloidal Au Catalyst Preparation: Selective Removal of Polyvinylpyrrolidone from Active Au Sites
Authors: Donoeva Baira , de Jongh Petra E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractColloids with controlled dimensions, morphology and composition can be used to obtain supported metal catalysts with desired characteristics. Yet, removal of capping agents which block active metal sites in such catalysts can be challenging: mild methods often result in incomplete removal of capping agents, whereas harsher methods can cause change in particle size or morphology or cause metal segregation for bimetallic particles. Here we provide evidence that polyvinylpyrrolidone used as a stabilizing agent for gold colloids is present both on the metal and the support surface after colloid deposition on the TiO2 support. The polymer adsorbed on Au sites blocks their catalytic activity if it cannot be desorbed/decomposed under reaction conditions. Polyvinylpyrrolidone can be removed completely from the active gold surface of Au/TiO2 without particle growth using a number of mild treatment methods described in this work, despite only partial removal (≈45 %) of the stabilizer from the bulk of Au/TiO2 can be achieved. The remaining >50 % of polyvinylpyrrolidone resides exclusively on the TiO2 support and has no effect on the optical properties and catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles. The treated catalysts demonstrate catalytic activity and selectivity similar to those of a catalyst prepared by impregnation. These findings are important for further advancing the preparation of well‐defined supported catalysts using metal colloids.
Homocoupling of Phenylboronic Acid using Atomically Dispersed Gold on Carbon Catalysts: Catalyst Evolution Before Reaction
Authors: Parmentier Tanja E. , Dawson Simon R. , Malta Grazia , Lu Li , Davies Thomas E. , Kondrat Simon A. , Freakley Simon J. , Kiely Christopher J. , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCoupling reactions to form new C−C bonds are extensively used in industrial synthetic processes. Gold has been shown to be an active catalyst for such reactions; however, conflicting reports exist as to whether cationic Au or metallic Au acts as the active species. We prepared a heterogeneous catalyst consisting of atomically dispersed Au–Clx supported on carbon and showed this to be active in the homocoupling of phenylboronic acid to biphenyl. However; characterisation of the catalyst materials, even after just a short exposure time to the reactants, revealed rapid reduction and sintering of the Au species into larger metallic nanoparticles, which we propose to be the true active species in this instance. This study suggests that if cationic Au is an active catalyst, it must be stabilised against reduction and agglomeration by either forming complexes which are more stable than common chlorides or by strongly anchoring them firmly onto alternative support materials; as in this case the carbon supported Au–Cl species were easily reduced.
Generation of Transplantable Retinal Photoreceptors from a Current Good Manufacturing Practice-Manufactured Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line
Authors: Zhu Jie , Reynolds Joseph , Garcia Thelma , Cifuentes Helen , Chew Shereen , Zeng Xianmin , Lamba Deepak Ashok 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Retinal degeneration often results in the loss of light-sensing photoreceptors, which leads to permanent vision loss. Generating transplantable retinal photoreceptors using human somatic cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds promise to treat a variety of retinal degenerative diseases by replacing the damaged or dysfunctional native photoreceptors with healthy and functional ones. Establishment of effective methods to produce retinal cells including photoreceptors in chemically defined conditions using current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)-manufactured human iPSC lines is critical for advancing cell replacement therapy to the clinic. In this study, we used a human iPSC line (NCL-1) derived under cGMP-compliant conditions from CD34+ cord blood cells. The cells were differentiated into retinal cells using a small molecule-based retinal induction protocol. We show that retinal cells including photoreceptors, retinal pigmented epithelial cells and optic cup-like retinal organoids can be generated from the NCL-1 iPSC line. Additionally, we show that following subretinal transplantation into immunodeficient host mouse eyes, retinal cells successfully integrated into the photoreceptor layer and developed into mature photoreceptors. This study provides strong evidence that transplantable photoreceptors can be generated from a cGMP-manufactured human iPSC line for clinical applications.
Coordination Polymers Comprised of an Exo Bifunctional Schiff Base Ligand and Succinate Dianion: Critical Analysis of Factors Affecting the Structures and Framework Dimensionality
Authors: Baig Fayaz , Khullar Sadhika , Mandal Sanjay K. , Sarkar Madhushree 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe chemistry of Coordination Polymers (CPs) of an exo bidentate Schiff base ligand, L1b, 2,5‐bis‐(3‐pyridyl)‐3,4‐diaza‐2,4‐hexadiene, where two pyridyl moieties are separated by imine groups, is discussed. The reaction of ligand L1b and disodium succinate with Cd(ClO4)2 resulted in CP1, which is a 2D bilayer structure. Previously, it was reported elsewhere that the reaction of L1b with Cd(NO3)2 followed by the addition of disodium succinate resulted in a 3D network, while the similar reaction with Cd(ClO4)2 resulted in a different 3D network. The result from the current study establishes that reaction conditions and the anion in the metal salt can be crucial in obtaining diversified networks for the same combination of metal center and ligand. The effect of reaction conditions on network geometry is critically analyzed by comparing their single crystal structures and various other parameters.
THE STATE AND THE ASSASSINATION THREAT IN BRITAIN, 1971–1984
Authors: BALL SIMON 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe emergence of London as a major site of political murder caught the British state by surprise in the early 1970s. Assumptions about assassination – as an event linked to the British empire – built up over seven decades – had to be abandoned in under a decade. The change in Britain's understanding of its vulnerability within the international system was traumatic. This change took place in three stages, beginning in 1971, 1978, and 1984. There were strong elements of continuity between the Callaghan government and the first Thatcher government. It was the second Thatcher government that made a more radical break with the past. A new understanding of assassination conspiracies altered fundamentally the state's approach to security.
Urban and rural dietary patterns are associated with anthropometric and biochemical indicators of nutritional status of adolescent Mozambican girls
Authors: Hauta-alus Helena H , Korkalo Liisa , Freese Riitta , Ismael Carina , Mutanen Marja 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to explore whether dietary patterns (DP) are associated with nutritional status indicators among adolescent Mozambican girls.Design/Setting/SubjectsIn this population-based cross-sectional study we used the FFQ data of 547 girls aged 14–19 years from Central Mozambique to derive dietary patterns by means of principal component analysis. We used two-level linear regression models to examine the associations between the DP and anthropometric and biochemical indicators of nutritional status.ResultsWe identified three DP: ‘Urban bread and fats’, ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ and ‘Rural cassava and coconut’. The ‘Urban bread and fats’ DP was positively associated with BMI-for-age Z-score (BMIZ), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold (P for all<0·001) and blood Hb (P=0·025). A negative association was observed between the ‘Urban bread and fats’ DP and serum folate (P<0·001). The ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ DP and the ‘Rural cassava and coconut’ DP were associated negatively with BMIZ, MUAC and triceps skinfold (P for all<0·05), but the ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ DP was associated positively with serum ferritin (P=0·007).ConclusionsUrban and rural DP were associated with nutritional status indicators. In a low-resource setting, urban diets may promote body fat storage and blood Hb concentrations but compromise serum folate concentration. It is important to continue valuing the traditional, rural foods that are high in folate.
Treating specific phobias in young people with autism and severe learning difficulties
Authors: Burton Phillippa , Palicka Anna , Williams Tim I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAnimal phobias in young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) can provoke behaviours that put them at risk and impede access to the community. Previous studies suggest that cognitive behavioural therapy including systematic desensitization and modelling are effective for people with ID, including those with comorbid ASD. Methods of adapting such treatment to people with little spoken language are not well described, and ethical issues concerning both young people and animals during treatment have not been addressed. The aim of this study was to describe, using a case series of consecutive referrals: (1) adaptations to systematic desensitization when communication of the young person is impaired, and (2) the ethics of involving animals in therapeutic interventions. Treatment was planned based on the use of systematic desensitization with a hierarchy of feared situations using visual symbols and schedules to communicate with the participants. Five young people with ASD, severe ID and minimal language were successfully treated for dog phobia. Modifications to treatment included both the use of non-verbal means of communication including printed symbols and graded activities such as jigsaw puzzles and picture matching to present information to clients in a more finely graded format. The treatment of specific phobias is possible with the use of minimal language provided that a variety of individualized stimuli approximating to the feared objects are developed and the safety of all participants is respected. Further work is required to develop sufficiently flexible treatment protocols, which in turn would enable a randomized controlled trial.
Emotionserleben und somatische Beschwerden
Authors: Sauer Karoline Sophie , Witthöft Michael 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Aktuelle Modelle der Wahrnehmung körperlicher Beschwerden gehen davon aus, dass negative emotionale Zustände (z. B. Angst und Traurigkeit) eine zentrale Rolle bei der Symptomwahrnehmung spielen. Eine kausale Wirkung von Ärger auf den körperlichen Symptombericht wurde hingegen noch nicht ausreichend nachgewiesen. Fragestellung: Führt eine experimentelle Induktion von Ärger und Traurigkeit zu einem verstärkten Bericht körperlicher Beschwerden? Methode: 90 Studienteilnehmende wurden zufällig drei experimentellen Bedingungen zugewiesen. Mit einer autobiografischen Methodik wurden Ärger (n = 30) und Traurigkeit (n = 30) induziert. Eine dritte Gruppe (n = 30) diente als neutrale Kontrollbedingung. Bei allen Teilnehmenden wurden vor und nach der Induktion die Emotionswahrnehmung sowie der körperliche Symptombericht erhoben. Ergebnisse: Nach der Induktion von Ärger und Traurigkeit war ein Anstieg der intendierten Emotionen Ärger in der Gruppe „Ärger“, t (29) = -5.43, p < .001, und Traurigkeit in der Gruppe „Traurigkeit“ festzustellen, t (29) = -4.81, p < .001. Lediglich nach der Induktion von Traurigkeit, t (29) = -4.04, p < .001, nicht jedoch nach der Induktion von Ärger, t (29) = -1.52, p = .14, war eine Verstärkung des körperlichen Symptomberichts zu beobachten. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse belegen unterschiedliche Effekte negativer Emotionen (am Beispiel Ärger und Traurigkeit) auf den körperlichen Symptombericht. Implikationen der Befunde für zentrale psychopathologische Phänomene werden diskutiert.
Influence of remote earth and impulse polarity on earthing systems by field measurement
Authors: Abdullah Syarifah , Mohamad Nor Normiza , Agbor Nkwa , Reffin Muhd , Othman Marinah 
Published: December 2017

There has been a vast vacuum in the literature on the importance of the location of remote earth carried out during impulse test on grounding systems using field measurements. Some published work show that the remote earth is installed surrounding the electrode under tests, whilst some have used separate remote earth, away from it. This work studies the impact of return electrode location on transient behaviour of the earthing electrode. The electrode under test is a single rod. Two types of remote earth configurations are used, a circular electrode with multiple rods surrounding the single rod, and one that is 80 m away from it. Impulse tests are conducted under both impulse polarities. Voltage and current traces are captured for a single rod, using two different types of remote earth configurations, with the impulse resistance measured as well. It has been established that the arrangement of the remote earth poses no influence on the test results. That said, higher oscillations of current traces and higher resistance values have been observed in negative impulse in comparison with positive impulse polarities.