bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Variability of Genomic Transcription in Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhang Fuquan , Yao Shugart Yin , Yue Weihua , Cheng Zaohuo , Wang Guoqiang , Zhou Zhenhe , Jin Chunhui , Yuan Jianmin , Liu Sha , Xu Yong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) is a severe chronic mental disorder with a high heritability. Current microarray analyses typically focus on identifying differentially expressed genes or enriched pathways relevant to phenotypes. Whether there is a variability change of the genomic transcription in diseases has rarely been explored. In this study, we compared coefficient of variation (CV, the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean) of genome transcription of early-onset SZ (EOS) patients with controls in a blood mRNA microarray dataset and a blood microRNA (miRNA) microarray dataset. Furthermore, we compared CV of the expression levels of 17 genes in blood of the 30 patients before and after the 12-week treatment using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. Our results indicated a significant increase of CV of genome transcription in patients compared with controls in both the mRNA and the miRNA datasets. The 30 after-treatment patients showed a significant decrease of CV of gene expression compared with the before-treatment patients. Our study may implicate the blood gene expression variability in SZ, providing further evidence supporting the abnormality of peripheral blood transcriptome in SZ. Given that peripheral blood can be easily collected from patients and followed longitudinally, our results may indicate a new way to facilitate the identification of the signatures of clinical subtypes, their prognosis and treatment response.
The well-coordinated linkage between acidogenicity and aciduricity via insoluble glucans on the surface of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Guo Lihong , McLean Jeffrey S. , Lux Renate , He Xuesong , Shi Wenyuan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStreptococcus mutans is considered the principal cariogenic bacterium for dental caries. Despite the recognition of their importance for cariogenesis, the possible coordination among S. mutans’ main virulence factors, including glucan production, acidogenicity and aciduricity, has been less well studied. In the present study, using S. mutans strains with surface-displayed pH-sensitive pHluorin, we revealed sucrose availability- and Gtf functionality-dependent proton accumulation on S. mutans surface. Consistent with this, using a pH-sensitive dye, we demonstrated that both in vivo cell-produced and in vitro enzymatically synthesized insoluble glucans displayed proton-concentrating ability. Global transcriptomics revealed proton accumulation triggers the up-regulation of genes encoding functions involved in acid tolerance response in a glucan-dependent manner. Our data suggested that this proton enrichment around S. mutans could pre-condition the bacterium for acid-stress. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found S. mutans strains defective in glucan production were more acid sensitive. Our study revealed for the first time that insoluble glucans is likely an essential factor linking acidogenicity with aciduricity. The coordination of these key virulence factors could provide new insights on how S. mutans may have become a major cariogenic pathogen.
Antigen-dependent and –independent contributions to primary memory CD8 T cell activation and protection following infection
Authors: Martin Matthew D. , Badovinac Vladimir P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMemory CD8 T-cell activation, including expression of IFN-γ and granzymeB, can be induced by antigen (Ag)-dependent signals through the T-cell-receptor, or by pathogen-derived inflammatory cytokines in an Ag-independent manner. Recent studies have come to conflicting results regarding the contributions of Ag and/or inflammation to memory CD8 T-cell activation. Additionally, research has indicated that inflammation-driven CD8 T-cell responses during un-related infections (bystander activation) have the potential to provide protection, but whether protection occurs in immuno-competent hosts is unclear. To investigate these questions, we examined activation of virus-specific memory CD8 T-cells following infection with L. monocytogenes either expressing or not cognate Ag. We show that Ag and inflammation act synergistically in vitro to induce memory activation. In vivo, we found that when memory CD8 T-cells significantly contribute to clearance of infection, early activation and continued responses by these cells are enhanced by cognate Ag recognition. Mechanistically, we show that bystander responses by memory are dependent upon the dose of infection and the amount of inflammation elicited following infection and are able to provide protection in IFN-γ deficient mice, but not in immuno-competent hosts. The data elucidate the requirements for memory CD8 T-cell activation and the protective role of bystander responses.
Cross-species conservation of complementary amino acid-ribonucleobase interactions and their potential for ribosome-free encoding
Authors: Cannon John G. D. , Sherman Rachel M. , Wang Victoria M. Y. , Newman Grace A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe role of amino acid-RNA nucleobase interactions in the evolution of RNA translation and protein-mRNA autoregulation remains an open area of research. We describe the inference of pairwise amino acid-RNA nucleobase interaction preferences using structural data from known RNA-protein complexes. We observed significant matching between an amino acid’s nucleobase affinity and corresponding codon content in both the standard genetic code and mitochondrial variants. Furthermore, we showed that knowledge of nucleobase preferences allows statistically significant prediction of protein primary sequence from mRNA using purely physiochemical information. Interestingly, ribosomal primary sequences were more accurately predicted than non-ribosomal sequences, suggesting a potential role for direct amino acid-nucleobase interactions in the genesis of amino acid-based ribosomal components. Finally, we observed matching between amino acid-nucleobase affinities and corresponding mRNA sequences in 35 evolutionarily diverse proteomes. We believe these results have important implications for the study of the evolutionary origins of the genetic code and protein-mRNA cross-regulation.
Constructing 3D microtubule networks using holographic optical trapping
Authors: Bergman J. , Osunbayo O. , Vershinin M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDeveloping abilities to assemble nanoscale structures is a major scientific and engineering challenge. We report a technique which allows precise positioning and manipulation of individual rigid filaments, enabling construction of custom-designed 3D filament networks. This approach uses holographic optical trapping (HOT) for nano-positioning and microtubules (MTs) as network building blocks. MTs are desirable engineering components due to their high aspect ratio, rigidity and their ability to serve as substrate for directed nano-transport, reflecting their roles in the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. The 3D architecture of MT cytoskeleton is a significant component of its function, however experimental tools to study the roles of this geometric complexity in a controlled environment have been lacking. We demonstrate the broad capabilities of our system by building a self-supporting 3D MT-based nanostructure and by conducting a MT-based transport experiment on a dynamically adjustable 3D MT intersection. Our methodology not only will advance studies of cytoskeletal networks (and associated processes such as MT-based transport) but will also likely find use in engineering nanostructures and devices.
Holographic leaky-wave metasurfaces for dual-sensor imaging
Authors: Li Yun Bo , Li Lian Lin , Cai Ben Geng , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMetasurfaces have huge potentials to develop new type imaging systems due to their abilities of controlling electromagnetic waves. Here, we propose a new method for dual-sensor imaging based on cross-like holographic leaky-wave metasurfaces which are composed of hybrid isotropic and anisotropic surface impedance textures. The holographic leaky-wave radiations are generated by special impedance modulations of surface waves excited by the sensor ports. For one independent sensor, the main leaky-wave radiation beam can be scanned by frequency in one-dimensional space, while the frequency scanning in the orthogonal spatial dimension is accomplished by the other sensor. Thus, for a probed object, the imaging plane can be illuminated adequately to obtain the two-dimensional backward scattered fields by the dual-sensor for reconstructing the object. The relativity of beams under different frequencies is very low due to the frequency-scanning beam performance rather than the random beam radiations operated by frequency and the multi-illuminations with low relativity are very appropriate for multi-mode imaging method with high resolution and anti- noise. Good reconstruction results are given to validate the proposed imaging method.
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces the Warburg effect in mouse lungs
Authors: Shi Lanbo , Salamon Hugh , Eugenin Eliseo A. , Pine Richard , Cooper Andrea , Gennaro Maria L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTo elucidate the little-known bioenergetic pathways of host immune cells in tuberculosis, a granulomatous disease caused by the intracellular pathogenMycobacterium tuberculosis, we characterized infected murine lung tissue by transcriptomic profiling and confocal imaging. Transcriptomic analysis revealed changes of host energy metabolism during the course of infection that are characterized by upregulation of key glycolytic enzymes and transporters for glucose uptake and downregulation of enzymes participating in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Consistent with elevated glycolysis, we also observed upregulation of a transporter for lactate secretion and a V type H+-ATPase involved in cytosolic pH homeostasis. Transcription profiling results were corroborated by immunofluorescence microscopy showing increased expression of key glycolytic enzymes in macrophages and T cells in granulomatous lesions. Moreover, we found increased mRNA and protein levels in macrophages and T cells of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), the regulatory subunit of HIF-1, a master transcriptional regulator. Thus, our findings suggest that immune cells predominantly utilize aerobic glycolysis in response toM. tuberculosisinfection. This bioenergetic shift is similar to the Warburg effect, the metabolic signature of cancer cells. Finding immunometabolic changes duringM. tuberculosisinfection opens the way to new strategies for immunotherapy against tuberculosis.
Image routing via atomic spin coherence
Authors: Wang Lei , Sun Jia-Xiang , Luo Meng-Xi , Sun Yuan-Hang , Wang Xiao-Xiao , Chen Yi , Kang Zhi-Hui , Wang Hai-Hua , Wu Jin-Hui , Gao Jin-Yue 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCoherent storage of optical image in a coherently-driven medium is a promising method with possible applications in many fields. In this work, we experimentally report a controllable spatial-frequency routing of image via atomic spin coherence in a solid-state medium driven by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Under the EIT-based light-storage regime, a transverse spatial image carried by the probe field is stored into atomic spin coherence. By manipulating the frequency and spatial propagation direction of the read control field, the stored image is transferred into a new spatial-frequency channel. When two read control fields are used to retrieve the stored information, the image information is converted into a superposition of two spatial-frequency modes. Through this technique, the image is manipulated coherently and all-optically in a controlled fashion.
Highly efficient W‐band 2.5 GHz bandwidth pulse generator with −1 dBm output power in 65 nm CMOS
Authors: Oh Juntaek , Jang Jingyu , Hong Songcheol 
Published: December 2015

A W‐band 2.5 GHz bandwidth pulse generator comprising a voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) and a novel pulse former in a 65 nm CMOS technology is presented. The proposed sub‐harmonic pumped pulse former, which plays roles as both a frequency doubler and a pulse former, is designed to obtain high efficiency using a transformer‐based current reuse circuit. The VCO is implemented with a parallel combining transformer, which makes it insensitive to load variations due to pulse formation. Measurements show that the pulse generator achieves −1 dBm peak output power at 79 GHz. It can generate 800 ps pulse signals with an RF carrier of 76.1–79.6 GHz, achieving the energy cost rate of 50 pJ/pulse with a 1.25 GHz pulse repetition period.
Split frequency high‐voltage driver for dynamic load modulated RF amplifiers
Authors: Watkins G.T. , Mimis K. 
Published: December 2015

Dynamic load modulation is a technique for increasing RF power amplifier efficiency by manipulating a tuneable matching network (TMN) between the RF transistor and the antenna in harmony with the envelope of the transmitted signal. Generally, TMNs are based on varactor diodes with control voltage swings approaching 100 V, but future devices are likely to need far greater. The varactor driver amplifier proposed here uses a split frequency architecture to amplify a 3 MHz bandwidth 3GPP 4G long‐term evolution envelope signal. Under these conditions, it can produce a peak voltage of 166 V at a power consumption of 0.7 W.
Closed and quasi‐closed yoke configurations for travelling wave induction heaters
Authors: Al‐shaikhli Ali K. , Humod Abdul‐Rahim T. , Abbas Fadhil 
Published: December 2015

The salient features of the travelling wave induction heating (TWIH) make them very important technique in the field of heating flat metals. This study proposed two novel configurations, closed and quasi‐closed, of the heater yoke. The proposed yokes designed to reduce the problems of slot effects and reduce the leakage flux, in order to focus the magnetic field within the heating region, which lead to improve the performance of the TWIH system. A finite‐element simulation and analysis is represented in this study by using ANSYS® programme code. A comparison analysis between the proposed configurations and the traditional one shows a superior performance of the proposed types for workpiece thickness >2 mm. The proposed methods give progress in produced power, efficiency and temperature about; 7–23, 15–40 and 10–25%, respectively, for thickness >2 mm. Moreover, wider and uniformed heat distributions are achieved with conjunction of typical yoke.
Alter Apelles: Dürer’s 1500Self-Portrait
Authors: Sullivan Margaret A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe persistence of interpretations that view Dürer’s 1500Self-Portraitas a Christlike image in spite of the issue of blasphemy it raises is due in large part to the lack of a competing historical narrative, one that accounts for the unusual aspects of the painting without recourse to religious imagery. In this article, Dürer’s motivation in creating this unprecedented painting and the strategies he used in constructing it are analyzed from the perspective of his contemporaries. In this alternative view, the humanist context is crucial, with Dürer emulating the greatest artist of the ancient world by composing the 1500Self-Portraitin ways that accord with Apelles’s art, practice, and reputation as it was transmitted through the literature of the ancient world.
Exorcising the Borgia from Urbino: Timoteo Viti’s Arrivabene Chapel
Authors: La France Robert G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBishop of Urbino Giovanni Pietro Arrivabene selected the foreign saints Thomas Becket and Martin of Tours as patrons for his burial chapel. Montefeltro court artist Timoteo Viti decorated the chapel with the saints’ images, including a fresco of Saint Martin exorcising a demon from a cow. This article argues that the chapel’s unusual, allegorical iconographic program condemns Cesare Borgia’s campaigns to dominate Central Italy. It also proposes that the kneeling figure in the altarpiece’s lower right register portrays the bishop’s heir. Finally, the accomplishment of the Arrivabene chapel demonstrates Timoteo Viti’s artistic independence from his famous colleague and collaborator, Raphael.
Working together: making the case for integrated forensic services for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: MacMahon Kenneth , McClements Ricky 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– There is a general consensus that healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities should be provided by multi-disciplinary teams. Within a forensic setting, recommendations are often made for separate or “parallel” forensic teams, operating independently of generic mental health or intellectual disability teams. An alternative to this model is an “integrated” service, where specialist forensic clinicians work within the general intellectual disability service, to provide support for clients with forensic needs. For clients with intellectual disabilities and forensic needs, there may be advantages to providing access to a wider multi-disciplinary team, through the application of an integrated model. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the working of an integrated forensic service within a learning disability team, to identify positive aspects of this model, and how potential shortcomings may be overcome.

Design/methodology/approach
– Literature review, description of service outline with case example.

Findings
– Although some studies have compared parallel and integrated forensic models within mental health services, there are no evaluations that compare models of forensic services for individuals with intellectual disabilities. However, specific advantages of an integrated model may include availability of multi-disciplinary clinicians, development of forensic skills across wider groups of clinicians, reduction in stigma and avoidance of delay in transfer of care between services. In addition, in areas with smaller populations, parallel services may not be feasible due to low case numbers.

Originality/value
– There has been no formal evaluation of parallel vs integrated forensic services within an intellectual disability setting. However, the authors describe a fully integrated service and suggest means by which the potential shortcomings of an integrated model may be overcome.
Occurrence of diapause in neotropical parasitoids attacking Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a subtropical rainforest from Argentina
Authors: Ovruski Sergio M , Schliserman Pablo , Aluja Martin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIncidence of diapause in neotropical parasitoid species associated with the tephritid fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) infesting three major host plants collected from the southernmost end of Argentinean Yungas rainforest was studied. Three other objectives were the frequency of diapause according to the fruiting season of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (peach), Psidium guajava L. (guava) and Juglans australis Grisebach (walnut); the length of diapause period for each recovered parasitoid species; and the proportion of diapausing parasitoid individuals that displayed prolonged diapause. Between 2001 and 2003, infested ripe fruits were weekly collected in wild vegetation areas. A portion of the fruit samples was processed at the same collection site. Recovered A. fraterculus puparia were kept under natural environmental conditions inside a wooden frame cage covered with a cloth mesh. The remaining halves of fruit samples were taken to the laboratory and puparia were kept under environmental controlled condition. Unenclosed puparia were kept for 2 years. Diapause period fluctuated between 131 and 426 days and was observed in all recovered parasitoid species (Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes)). All diapausing individuals dissected from host puparia were instar III and were also remarkably different from non‐diapausing larvae because of their smaller body size. The 65% of all diapausing individuals was recorded in early autumn and was recovered from A. fraterculus larvae that had developed in guava. Prolonged diapause was recorded in a small fraction of the diapausing populations of D. brasiliensis, D. areolatus and A. pelleranoi. Results suggest that diapause is an adaptive mechanism that allows parasitoids to overcome periods of marked host scarcity given that guava is the last widely available host plant before the winter season begins.
The Reform of Mutual Aid Associations in Japan: Civil Service Employee Pension Reform in 2012
Authors: Yamamoto Katsuya 
Published: December 2015

Civil service employee pension reform began by removing non‐clerical work from the main body of the Mutual Aid Association (MAA) pension system. Further changes were based on administrative reform and pension jealousy. In particular, the Nakasone cabinet's administrative reform privatized the non‐clerical sector. Before the 1979 reform, the pensionable age was 55 for theMAAand 60 for the Employee Pension Insurance (EPI) scheme. TheMAApension benefit formula adopted the final salary system, which was larger than the average lifetime salary calculation used forEPIbenefits. The final salary system was abolished during the 1986 reform. Public employee criticism over “Amakudari” led to further civil service employee remuneration reform in 2005. In 2007, the Social Insurance Agency pension record scandal led to a change of government by 2009. The biggest reform of theMAApension system was the abolishment of the occupational portion of the pension, a compromise between the government and unions. We project that this compromise will cost 22 trillion yen over 90 years old. After 2055, the newly establishedMAApension scheme will be abolished; thus the public pension may finally be sustainable.
Immunolocalization of c‐myc‐positive cells in lizard tail after amputation suggests cell activation and proliferation for tail regeneration
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAfter tail amputation in lizard, a regenerative response is elicited leading to the formation of a new tail. The stimulation of the proliferation process may involve the proto‐oncogene c‐myc. The immunocytochemical analysis detects the c‐myc protein few days after wound in free cells accumulating over the injured tissues of the tail stump. Western blot detects a protein band at 68–70 kDa that is more intense in the regenerating blastema than in normal tail tissues. Nuclei positive for the c‐myc protein are seen in mesenchymal‐like cells located among muscles, connectives and fat tissues of the tail stump 4 days postamputation. Proliferating cells labelled for 5BrdU are seen at 4 days postamputation and are sparse in the mesenchyme of the regenerating blastema formed at 12 days postamputation. Fine immunolocalization of the c‐myc protein shows it is mainly located over euchromatin or poorly condensed chromatin to indicate gene activation. The study correlates the detection of the c‐myc protein with activation of cell division in the injured tissues leading to the formation of the regenerative blastema. The lizard c‐myc protein probably activates a controlled proliferation process through a mechanism that can give information on the uncontrolled process occurring in cancer.