bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overweight, Obesity, and the Likelihood of Achieving Sustained Remission in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Schulman Elizabeth , Bartlett Susan J. , Schieir Orit , Andersen Kathleen M. , Boire Gilles , Pope Janet E. , Hitchon Carol , Jamal Shahin , Thorne J. Carter , Tin Diane , Keystone Edward C. , Haraoui Boulos , Goodman Susan M. , Bykerk Vivian P. ,   the CATCH Investigators
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveObesity is implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development, severity, outcomes, and treatment response. We estimated the independent effects of overweight and obesity on ability to achieve sustained remission (sREM) in the 3 years following RA diagnosis.MethodsData were from the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort, a multicenter observational trial of early RA patients treated by rheumatologists using guideline‐based care. sREM was defined as Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) <2.6 for 2 consecutive visits. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI) as healthy (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Cox regression was used to estimate the effect of the BMI category on the probability of achieving sREM over the first 3 years, controlling for age, sex, race, education, RA duration, smoking status, comorbidities, baseline DAS28, Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index, C‐reactive protein level, and initial treatment.ResultsOf 982 patients, 315 (32%) had a healthy BMI, 343 (35%) were overweight, and 324 (33%) were obese; 355 (36%) achieved sREM within 3 years. Initial treatment did not differ by BMI category. Compared to healthy BMI, overweight patients (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.58–0.98]) and obese patients (HR 0.53 [95% CI 0.39–0.71]) were significantly less likely to achieve sREM.ConclusionRates of overweight and obesity were high (69%) in this early RA cohort. Overweight patients were 25% less likely, and obese patients were 47% less likely, to achieve sREM in the first 3 years, despite similar initial disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug treatment and subsequent biologic use. This is the largest study demonstrating the negative impact of excess weight on RA disease activity and supports a call to action to better identify and address this risk in RA patients.
Precise Assembly of Synthetic Carriers of siRNA through a Series of Interlocked Thermodynamically Self‐Regulated Processes
Authors: Feng Jia , Chen Shun , Ge Xuemei , Wu Fei , Bai Guang , Jin Tuo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA synthetic carrier of small interfering RNA (siRNA) with customizable size, pH‐responsive degradability and optimized surface population of cell‐targeting agents is constructed precisely through a series of interlocked thermodynamically self‐regulated processes. This system consists of a unimolecular polyplex core formed from each individual molecule of networked cationic polymer and a multi‐functional shell assembled from a rationally designed triblock copolymer. The core‐forming polymer of defined size is synthesized via Zeta potential‐regulated condensation of branched and linear multi‐amine bearing oligomers through pH‐responding imidazole conjugated imine linkages. The shell‐forming copolymer consists of a multi‐carboxyl saccharide end block to guide to the surface assembly, a hydrophobic central block to form an encapsulating layer, and a poly(ethylene glycol) end block equipped with a highly selective active ester for “hooking” various cell‐targeting agents. Animal assays confirm the flexibility and convenience of this system to equip with selected functional components for systemic delivery of siRNA.
Bio‐Inspired Photonic Materials: Prototypes and Structural Effect Designs for Applications in Solar Energy Manipulation
Authors: Zhou Han , Xu Jun , Liu Xianghui , Zhang Haiwen , Wang Dantong , Chen Zhihan , Zhang Di , Fan Tongxiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNatural creatures have evolved elaborate photonic nanostructures on multiple scales and dimensions in a hierarchical, organized way to realize controllable absorption, reflection, or transmitting the desired wavelength of the solar spectrum. A bio‐inspired strategy is a powerful and promising way for solar energy manipulation. This feature article presents the state‐of‐the‐art progress on bio‐inspired photonic materials on this particular application. The article first briefly recalls the physical origins of natural photonic effects and catalogues the typical natural photonic prototypes including light harvesting, broadband reflection, selective reflection, and UV/IR response. Next, typical applications are categorized into two primary areas: solar energy utilization and reflection. Recent advances including solar‐to‐electricity, solar‐to‐fuels, solar‐thermal (e.g., photothermal converters, infrared detectors, thermoelectric materials, smart windows, and solar steam generation) are highlighted in the first part. Meanwhile, solar energy reflection involving infrared stealth, radiative cooling, and micromirrors are also addressed. In particular, this article focuses on bioinspired design principles, structural effects on functions, and future trends. Finally, the main challenges and prospects for the next generation of bioinspired photonic materials are discussed, including new design concepts, emerging ideas, and possible strategies.
Controlling Protein Adsorption through Nanostructured Polymeric Surfaces
Authors: Firkowska‐Boden Izabela , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Jandt Klaus D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe initial host response to healthcare materials' surfaces after implantation is the adsorption of proteins from blood and interstitial fluids. This adsorbed protein layer modulates the biological/cellular responses to healthcare materials. This stresses the significance of the surface protein assembly for the biocompatibility and functionality of biomaterials and necessitates a profound fundamental understanding of the capability to control protein–surface interactions. This review, therefore, addresses this by systematically analyzing and discussing strategies to control protein adsorption on polymeric healthcare materials through the introduction of specific surface nanostructures. Relevant proteins, healthcare materials' surface properties, clinical applications of polymer healthcare materials, fabrication methods for nanostructured polymer surfaces, amorphous, semicrystalline and block copolymers are considered with a special emphasis on the topographical control of protein adsorption. The review shows that nanostructured polymer surfaces are powerful tools to control the amount, orientation, and order of adsorbed protein layers. It also shows that the understanding of the biological responses to such ordered protein adsorption is still in its infancy, yet it has immense potential for future healthcare materials. The review, which is—as far as it is known—the first one discussing protein adsorption on nanostructured polymer surfaces, concludes with highlighting important current research questions.
Black Phosphorus Nanosheets as a Neuroprotective Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Disorder Therapy
Authors: Chen Wansong , Ouyang Jiang , Yi Xinyao , Xu Yan , Niu Chengcheng , Zhang Weiyu , Wang Liqiang , Sheng Jianping , Deng Liu , Liu You‐Nian , Guo Shaojun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTransition‐metal dyshomeostasis is recognized as a critical pathogenic factor at the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorder (ND). Excess transition‐metal ions such as Cu2+ can catalyze the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and thereafter induce neuronal cell apoptosis. Exploring new chelating agents, which are not only capable of capturing excess redox‐active metal, but can also cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), are highly desired for ND therapy. Herein, it is demonstrated that 2D black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets can capture Cu2+ efficiently and selectively to protect neuronal cells from Cu2+‐induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo studies show that the BBB permeability of BP nanosheets is significantly improved under near‐infrared laser irradiation due to their strong photothermal effect, which overcomes the drawback of conventional chelating agents. Furthermore, the excellent biocompatibility and stability guarantee the biosafety of BP in future clinical applications. Therefore, these features make BP nanosheets have the great potential to work as an efficient neuroprotective nanodrug for ND therapy.
Direct Inkjet Printing of TIPS‐Pentacene Single Crystals onto Interdigitated Electrodes by Chemical Confinement
Authors: Pipan Giulio , Bogar Marco , Ciavatti Andrea , Basiricò Laura , Cramer Tobias , Fraboni Beatrice , Fraleoni‐Morgera Alessandro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOrganic semiconducting single crystals (OSSCs) are very promising for low‐cost electronics, being the highest performers among organic semiconductors in terms of charge transport, with carrier mobilities exceeding 10 cm2 V s−1. Here, it is demonstrated how it is possible to obtain millimeter‐long single crystals of 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS‐pentacene) onto gold interdigitated electrodes patterned onto flexible plastic substrates, via direct inkjet printing of precursor solutions. This result is enabled by a novel chemical confinement strategy that exploits fluorinated thiols as solvophobic “chemical fences”, able to avoid the printed solution spreading, thus promoting the formation of single crystals even on highly heterogeneous surfaces, without changing the chemical nature of the surface underlying the grown crystals. Electrical measurements demonstrate a good electrical contact with the electrodes. Moreover, their response UV‐vis (Ultraviolet‐visible) is among the highest up to now reported for organic UV–vis photodetectors, and their performance as direct X‐ray detectors is satisfactory, confirming that the printed crystals have an effective electrical contact with the underlying electrodes. Since both the solvophobic fence and the TIPS crystals precursor solution are inkjet printed on flexible substrates, this work opens novel perspectives for the practical use of OSSCs in low cost, yet performing, flexible electronics.
Tin‐Based Perovskite with Improved Coverage and Crystallinity through Tin‐Fluoride‐Assisted Heterogeneous Nucleation
Authors: Xiao Min , Gu Shuai , Zhu Pengchen , Tang Mingyao , Zhu Weidong , Lin Renxing , Chen Chuanlu , Xu Weichao , Yu Tao , Zhu Jia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTin fluoride (SnF2) is widely used as an effective additive for lead‐free tin‐based perovskite solar cells. However, the function of SnF2 and the mechanism in improving the film morphology are still not clear. In this work, it is clearly demonstrated that SnF2 can play a crucial role in the crystal nucleation process. Due to the limited solubility, SnF2 creates more nucleuses for the crystal growth and therefore enables more uniform thin film with high coverage. It is confirmed that this mechanism can be applied to the growth of both thin film and single crystal. As a result of tin‐fluoride‐assisted heterogeneous nucleation, an MASnIBr2‐based perovskite solar cell with a high and stable power conversion efficiency of 3.70% is demonstrated.
Same‐level fall injuries in US workplaces by age group, gender, and industry
Authors: Scott Kenneth A. , Fisher Gwenith G. , Barón Anna E. , Tompa Emile , Stallones Lorann , DiGuiseppi Carolyn 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundAs the workforce ages, occupational injuries from falls on the same level will increase. Some industries may be more affected than others.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to estimate same‐level fall injury incidence rates by age group, gender, and industry for four sectors: 1) healthcare and social assistance; 2) manufacturing; 3) retail; and 4) transportation and warehousing. We calculated rate ratios and rate differences by age group and gender.ResultsSame‐level fall injury incidence rates increase with age in all four sectors. However, patterns of rate ratios and rate differences vary by age group, gender, and industry. Younger workers, men, and manufacturing workers generally have lower rates.ConclusionsVariation in incidence rates suggests there are unrealized opportunities to prevent same‐level fall injuries. Interventions should be evaluated for their effectiveness at reducing injuries, avoiding gender‐ or age‐discrimination and improving work ability.
Noncovalent Interactions of π Systems with Sulfur: The Atomic Chameleon of Molecular Recognition
Authors: Motherwell William B. , Moreno Rafael B. , Pavlakos Ilias , Arendorf Josephine R. T. , Arif Tanzeel , Tizzard Graham J. , Coles Simon J. , Aliev Abil E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe relative strength of noncovalent interactions between a thioether sulfur atom and various π systems in designed top pan molecular balances was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Compared to its oxygen counterpart, the sulfur atom displays a remarkable ability to interact with almost equal facility over the entire range of π systems studied, with the simple alkene emerging as the most powerful partner. With the exception of the O⋅⋅⋅heteroarene interaction, all noncovalent interactions of sulfur with π systems are favoured over oxygen.
Modeling and simulation of a fluidized bed gasifier
Authors: Jain A. A. , Mehra A. , Ranade V. V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA mathematical model to simulate continuous gasification of coal particles in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor is presented. Material and energy balance equations have been formulated based on the 2‐phase theory. Well‐known correlations have been used to estimate the hydrodynamics. Devolatilization, heterogeneous reactions, and homogenous reactions have been included in the model. The model is used to simulate 29 experimental data sets from the published literature. The model predictions agree very well with the experimental data by adjusting the particle size. After establishing agreement with the data, the model was used to investigate influence of various operating parameters on overall performance (carbon conversion and the gross calorific value of generated gas). Thermodynamic analysis (using the minimization of the Gibbs free energy approach) has also been discussed. The presented model and results provide useful tool and insight on design and operation of fluidized bed gasifier.
A Library of Multipurpose Supramolecular Supergelators: Fabrication of Structured Silica, Porous Plastics, and Fluorescent Gels
Authors: Krishnan Baiju P. , Sureshan Kana M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSupramolecular gels find applications in various fields. Usually, a specific gelator is useful only for a specific application. This one‐gelator‐one‐application format is one factor that limits the usefulness of supramolecular gels. We report the synthesis of a library of gelators from a common core by using a click‐chemistry approach. Thus, the click reaction of β‐azido‐4,6‐O‐benzylidene–galactopyranoside (1) with various alkynes gave 11 different gelators having varying gelation abilities. Whereas gelators having alkyl‐chain substituents congealed alkanes and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), the gelators having aromatic substituents congealed aromatic solvents. We exploited this difference in gelling behavior in the templated synthesis of silica rods and porous plastics. The styrene gel of gelator 2 j was polymerized, and the gelator was removed by washing to obtain porous polystyrene. The TEOS gel of gelator 2 b was polymerized to silica, and the gelator template was removed by calcination to give microstructured silica rods. We also developed fluorescent gelator 2 f by this method, which might find applications by virtue of its fluorescence in the assembled state.
Guiding Decision Makers' Eye Movements with (Un)Predictable Object Locations
Authors: Orquin Jacob L. , Chrobot Nina , Grunert Klaus G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe propose a new approach for guiding eye movements by controlling the predictability of object locations. We hypothesize that when a high (low) relevance object has a predictable location, observers are more (less) likely to fixate it compared with objects in unpredictable locations. We tested this hypothesis in three decision‐making studies, manipulating the location of a product label in an unpredictable, a predictable, and a mixed visual environment. In Study 1 and Study 2, we find that participants are less likely to fixate a low and medium relevance label in a predictable location, and in Study 3, we find that participants are more likely to fixate a high relevance label in a predictable location. Our findings suggest that predictable locations increase while unpredictable locations decrease top‐down control. The approach can be used to increase or decrease eye movements towards specific information depending on the goals of the choice architect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Routine practice in staffed community accommodation (approved premises) in England and Wales: Quantitative benchmarking from the first year of a longitudinal study
Authors: Davies Jason , O'Meara Aisling 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn England and Wales, ‘approved premises’ offer 24‐hour staffed accommodation for high‐risk offenders, most of whom are returning to the community from prison. With a move towards a standardised operating model, it is essential to be able to measure outcomes.AimsOur aim is to collate and evaluate ‘benchmarks’ for approved premises.MethodsA cross‐sectional, descriptive design was used to establish the impact of existing practice in all four approved premises in Wales. Data on well‐being, life satisfaction, attitudes to violence and problem‐solving abilities were recorded with 114 male residents (of 486), and attitudes to personality disorder and personal well‐being/burnout with 30 staff (of 86), in both narrative style and according to a number of scales used within criminal justice and healthcare systems. Perceptions of environmental climate were assessed with both groups. Scores were compared with those from reference groups, including prisoners and secure hospital patients. Criminological outcomes (e.g. prison recall) were obtained for all 486 men.ResultsScores on the scales used were broadly comparable with those in relevant reference groups, but some showed floor or ceiling effects. Recall rates, whether directly from the premises or after further onward movement, were about 42% overall, comparable with those reported for similar offenders elsewhere.ConclusionsThis paper provides a short battery of measurements for use as benchmarks of experience and outcomes in staffed community accommodation for high‐risk men. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Direct Prebiotic Synthesis of Nicotinamide Nucleotide
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Joong , Benner Steven A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe “RNA World” hypothesis proposes an early episode of the natural history of Earth, where RNA was used as the only genetically encoded molecule to catalyze steps in its metabolism. This, according to the hypothesis, included RNA catalysts that used RNA cofactors. However, the RNA World hypothesis places special demands on prebiotic chemistry, which must now deliver not only four ribonucleosides, but also must deliver the “functional” portion of these RNA cofactors. While some (e.g., methionine) present no particular challenges, nicotinamide ribose is special. Essential to its role in biological oxidations and reductions, its glycosidic bond that holds a positively charged heterocycle is especially unstable with respect to cleavage. Nevertheless, we are able to report here a prebiotic synthesis of phosphorylated nicotinamide ribose under conditions that also conveniently lead to the adenosine phosphate components of this and other RNA cofactors.
Programming Recognition Arrays through Double Chalcogen‐Bonding Interactions
Authors: Biot Nicolas , Bonifazi Davide 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work, we have programmed and synthesized a recognition motif constructed around a chalcogenazolo‐pyridine scaffold (CGP) that, through the formation of frontal double chalcogen‐bonding interactions, associates into dimeric EX‐type complexes. The reliability of the double chalcogen‐bonding interaction has been shown at the solid‐state by X‐ray analysis, depicting the strongest recognition persistence for a Te‐congener. The high recognition fidelity, chemical and thermal stability and easy derivatization at the 2‐position makes CGP a convenient motif for constructing supramolecular architectures through programmed chalcogen‐bonding interactions.
Evaluating the Economically Suitability of Soft Brown Coal by Geology and Organic Petrology
Authors: Gerschel Henny , Volkmann Norbert , Rascher Jochen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDie geologisch‐petrologische Untersuchung von Weichbraunkohlen birgt großes Potenzial zur Lagerstättenerkundung und Rohstoffcharakterisierung. So können der Aufbau der Kohlen identifiziert, die Mikrohärte gemessen und verschiedene mikrophotometrische Kenngrößen bestimmt werden. Aus der Untersuchung von Veredlungsprodukten oder festen Prozessrückständen erwächst zudem die Möglichkeit, Aussagen zum technologischen Verhalten einzelner Komponenten zu geben, die Prozessbedingungen im Reaktionsraum zu rekonstruieren und besonders aufwendige, kohlenchemische Analysen zu ersetzen.
A mutational comparison of adult and adolescent and young adult (AYA) colon cancer
Authors: Tricoli James V. , Boardman Lisa A. , Patidar Rajesh , Sindiri Sivasish , Jang Jin S. , Walsh William D. , McGregor Paul M. , Camalier Corinne E. , Mehaffey Michele G. , Furman Wayne L. , Bahrami Armita , Williams P. Mickey , Lih Chih‐Jian , Conley Barbara A. , Khan Javed 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDIt is possible that the relative lack of progress in treatment outcomes among adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer is caused by a difference in disease biology compared with the corresponding diseases in younger and older individuals. There is evidence that colon cancer is more aggressive and has a poorer prognosis in AYA patients than in older adult patients.METHODSTo further understand the molecular basis for this difference, whole‐exome sequencing was conducted on a cohort of 30 adult, 30 AYA, and 2 pediatric colon cancers.RESULTSA statistically significant difference in mutational frequency was observed between AYA and adult samples in 43 genes, including ROBO1, MYC binding protein 2 (MYCBP2), breast cancer 2 (early onset) (BRCA2), MAP3K3, MCPH1, RASGRP3, PTCH1, RAD9B, CTNND1, ATM, NF1; KIT, PTEN, and FBXW7. Many of these mutations were nonsynonymous, missense, stop‐gain, or frameshift mutations that were damaging. Next, RNA sequencing was performed on a subset of the samples to confirm the mutations identified by exome sequencing. This confirmation study verified the presence of a significantly greater frequency of damaging mutations in AYA compared with adult colon cancers for 5 of the 43 genes (MYCBP2, BRCA2, PHLPP1, TOPORS, and ATR).CONCLUSIONSThe current results provide the rationale for a more comprehensive study with a larger sample set and experimental validation of the functional impact of the identified variants along with their contribution to the biologic and clinical characteristics of AYA colon cancer. Cancer 2018;124:1070‐82. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Nonstoichiometric CuxInyS Quantum Dots for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Fan Xiang‐Bing , Yu Shan , Zhan Fei , Li Zhi‐Jun , Gao Yu‐Ji , Li Xu‐Bing , Zhang Li‐Ping , Tao Ye , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnlike their bulk counterpart, CuxInyS quantum dots (QDs) prepared by an aqueous synthetic approach, show promising activity for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, which is competitive with the state‐of‐the‐art Cd chalcogen QDs. Moreover, the as‐prepared CuxInyS QDs with In‐rich composition show much better efficiency than the stoichiometric ones (Cu/In=1:1).