bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Network Neonatal Cause of Death algorithm for low‐resource settings
Authors: Garces Ana L. , McClure Elizabeth M. , Pérez Wilton , Hambidge K Michael , Krebs Nancy F. , Figueroa Lester , Bose Carl L. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Tenge Constance , Esamai Fabian , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Saleem Sarah , Patel Archana B. , Chiwila Melody , Chomba Elwyn , Tshefu Antoinette , Derman Richard J. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Bucher Sherri , Liechty Edward A. , Bauserman Melissa , Moore Janet L. , Koso‐Thomas Marion , Miodovnik Menachem , Goldenberg Robert L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThis study estimated the causes of neonatal death using an algorithm for low‐resource areas, where 98% of the world's neonatal deaths occur.MethodsWe enrolled women in India, Pakistan, Guatemala, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya and Zambia from 2014 to 2016 and tracked their delivery and newborn outcomes for up to 28 days. Antenatal care and delivery symptoms were collected using a structured questionnaire, clinical observation and/or a physical examination. The Global Network Cause of Death algorithm was used to assign the cause of neonatal death, analysed by country and day of death.ResultsOne‐third (33.1%) of the 3068 neonatal deaths were due to suspected infection, 30.8% to prematurity, 21.2% to asphyxia, 9.5% to congenital anomalies and 5.4% did not have a cause of death assigned. Prematurity and asphyxia‐related deaths were more common on the first day of life (46.7% and 52.9%, respectively), while most deaths due to infection occurred after the first day of life (86.9%). The distribution of causes was similar to global data reported by other major studies.ConclusionThe Global Network algorithm provided a reliable cause of neonatal death in low‐resource settings and can be used to inform public health strategies to reduce mortality.
Primary ureteral leiomyosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Yap FW , Huizing XB , Rasotto R , Bowlt‐Blacklock KL 
Published: February 2017

Case descriptionA nearly 6‐year‐old female spayed Labrador Retriever was presented for acute abdominal pain and lethargy. The dog had no previous health concerns apart from occasional episodes of urinary incontinence in the 2 months prior to presentation. A retroperitoneal mass involving the right ureter was found during the investigations. Serum urea was mildly elevated, but the serum creatinine was within the normal range. No distant metastases were detected. A right ureteronephrectomy was performed. The ureteral mass was confirmed as a leiomyosarcoma and completely excised. The kidney was histologically normal. Unfortunately, during a routine 3‐month postoperative assessment, a recurrent mass at the previous retroperitoneal surgical site was confirmed by biopsy to be a leiomyosarcoma. Courses of doxorubicin and chlorambucil were given, but failed to halt the progression of the recurrent mass. The dog was euthanised 5.5 months postoperatively because of poor quality of life.Clinical relevanceUreteral leiomyosarcoma should be on the differential diagnosis list for a retroperitoneal mass, possibly causing severe abdominal pain with minor clinical signs associated with the urinary tract. This dog in this reported case of ureteral leiomyosarcoma had a short survival time, despite complete surgical excision and chemotherapy, because of local recurrence.
Roaming behaviour of dogs in four remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory, Australia: preliminary investigations
Authors: Molloy S , Burleigh A , Dürr S , Ward MP 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo estimate the home range (HR) and investigate the potential predictors for roaming of 58 dogs in four Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory.DesignProspective study.ProcedureGlobal positioning system (GPS) collars were attached to the dogs for 1–4 days, recording location fixes every 1–3 min. Utilisation distributions (UDs) and extended (95% isopleth) and core (50% isopleth) HRs of dogs were determined. Potential predictors of roaming were assessed.ResultsEstimated core (median, 0.27 ha) and extended (median, 3.1 ha) HRs differed significantly (P = 0.0225 and 0.0345, respectively) between the four communities; dogs in the coastal community travelled significantly (P < 0.0001) more per day than dogs in the three inland communities studied. Significant associations were found between extended HR size and sex (P = 0.0050) and sex + neuter (P = 0.0218), and between core HR size and sex (P = 0.0010), neuter status (P = 0.0255) and sex + neuter (P = 0.0025). Entire males roamed more than neutered females. The core HR of dogs with poor/fair body condition scores (BCSs) was larger than dogs with ideal/obese BCSs (P = 0.0394). Neutered male dogs also travelled more per day than entire female dogs (P = 0.0475).ConclusionsRoaming information can be used to inform the management of dogs in remote communities and to design disease control programs. Widespread data collection across the Northern Territory should be undertaken to further investigate the associations found in this study, considering that data were collected during relatively short periods of time in one season.
Recovery from desensitization of IgE‐dependent responses in human lung mast cells
Authors: Lewis A. , MacGlashan D. W. , Suvarna S. K. , Peachell P. T. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundClinical desensitization and oral food immunotherapy are therapeutic interventions that allow individuals who react adversely to an allergen (drug or food) to be made tolerant to the allergen. However, tolerance is brief, and allergen hypersensitivity can recur within days following allergen withdrawal.ObjectiveWe hypothesize that the reason these treatments are temporary reflects rapid recovery of mast cells from a desensitized state. We sought to test this.MethodsDesensitization of IgE‐mediated histamine release from human lung mast cells was explored by methods that partially replicate the pattern of treatment during clinical desensitization. Specific and non‐specific desensitization and changes in surface IgE were examined following desensitization. Recovery from desensitization was also studied.ResultsDesensitization of mast cell responses was readily induced with concentrations of antigen or anti‐IgE that were suboptimal for secretion. There was little or no non‐specific desensitization when lung mast cells were exposed to antigens. There was no loss of cell surface IgE following desensitization. Removing the desensitizing stimulus from the media following desensitization allowed the cells to recover with half‐point of recovery of ~1.5 days and complete recovery after 5 days. Both the functional response and histamine content recovered within this time frame. The recovery appeared possible because both antigens and anti‐IgE dissociated rapidly from cells after washing to remove excess stimulus.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHuman lung mast cells readily recover from a desensitized state following removal of desensitizing antigen. This finding provides a potential explanation for the ephemeral nature of clinical desensitization.
Assessment of left atrial mechanical function and synchrony in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Shang Zhijuan , Su Dechun , Cong Tao , Sun Yinghui , Liu Yan , Chen Na , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate left atrial (LA) function and synchrony in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients using two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).MethodsForty‐five PAF patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. LA peak ventricular systolic longitudinal strain (LAS‐S) and strain rate (LASR‐S) and left atrial longitudinal strain (LAS‐A) and strain rate (LASR‐A) during late diastole were determined using STE, and the standard deviation of the time to peak (TPSD) of the regional strains was calculated to quantify LA dyssynchrony. TPSD during ventricular systole and late diastole were named SDs and SDa, respectively.ResultsLeft atrial peak longitudinal strain during ventricular systole (LAS‐S) (29.34±8.57 vs 36.73±6.13), LASR‐S (1.27±0.311 vs 1.57±0.25), LAS‐A (13.11±4.91 vs 17.86±3.57), and LASR‐A (−1.51±0.58 vs −1.90±0.30) were reduced in the PAF group compared with the controls (P<.05 for all). SDs (8.11±3.00% vs 4.67±1.48%) and SDa (5.57±2.26% vs 3.11±1.13%) were greater in PAF patients than in the controls (P<.05 for both). Furthermore, PAF patients with normal LA sizes exhibited lower LAS‐S (P<.05), LASR‐S (P<.05), LAS‐A (P<.05), and LASR‐A (P<.05) values and increased SDs (P<.05) and SDa (P<.05) values compared with the controls. Multivariate regression confirmed that SDs and SDa were powerful parameters for differentiating PAF patients from controls (SDs: sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 72%; SDa: sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 76%).ConclusionsLeft atrial (LA) dysfunction and dyssynchrony in PAF patients can be detected with STE even in the absence of LA enlargement. STE‐derived SDs and SDa were powerful parameters for identifying PAF patients.
Accuracy of an automated transthoracic echocardiographic tool for 3D assessment of left heart chamber volumes
Authors: Spitzer Ernest , Ren Ben , Soliman Osama I. I. , Zijlstra Felix , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Geleijnse Marcel L. 
Published: February 2017

AimsThe feasibility and accuracy of an automated adaptive algorithm (Heart Model) for the quantification of left heart chamber volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction has been reported earlier. An improved version of the algorithm is available, and we aimed to test its accuracy compared with manual 3D echocardiography.Methods and ResultsApical 3D transthoracic datasets were obtained in 67 patients. Acquisitions covering ventricles and atria were performed for analysis using the automated software (Heart Model, Philips Healthcare). In addition, acquisitions focused on the left ventricle were acquired for left ventricle manual 3D measurements (QLAB 10 3DQA, Philips Healthcare). Automated results using endocardial contouring settings at 50% showed a strong correlation with manual 3D measurements (r=.84‐.97). Left ventricular end‐diastolic volumes were underestimated (bias −5.9 mL, LOA ±38.5 mL), with no significant differences in other parameters. Intra‐observer variability using the automated algorithm was zero for all parameters given the lack of human interaction. Manual corrections of the automatic algorithm introduced small but significant differences in volumes but not in ejection fraction when compared with automatic results. Manually corrected results of the automatic algorithm were not significantly different from those obtained with manual 3D echocardiography, except for a small underestimation of left atrial volumes (bias −2.1 mL, LOA ±15.2 mL).ConclusionsThe current improved version of the automated adaptive algorithm is accurate for the assessment of left heart chamber volumes, albeit a small underestimation of left ventricular end‐diastolic volume is seen, when compared with manual 3D echocardiography.
Effects of clarithromycin, azithromycin and rifampicin on terbutaline‐induced sweating in foals
Authors: Stieler Stewart A. L. , Sanchez L. C. , Mallicote M. F. , Muniz A. L. , Westerterp M. S. , Burrow J. A. , MacKAY R. J. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundErythromycin (ERY) induces anhidrosis in foals. Azithromycin (AZI) and clarithromycin (CLA), often combined with rifampicin (RIF), are commonly used to treat Rhodococcus equi infections, but effects on sweating have not been investigated.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of AZI, CLA and RIF on sweat responses in normal foals.Study designEach experiment was a blinded, duplicated, six foal × three period counterbalanced within subjects design (12 foals/experiment).MethodsAntimicrobials were given orally for 5 days. In Experiment 1, ERY, AZI and CLA were given. In Experiment 2, ERY, RIF and ERY/RIF combination were used. Quantitative intradermal terbutaline sweat tests were performed daily for 3 days before and 1, 2, 5, 9, 24, and 39 days after treatment. Data were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance procedures. Significance was P≤0.05.ResultsIn Experiment 1, all macrolides suppressed sweating although CLA and AZI were less potent than ERY. In Experiment 2, significant sweat suppression occurred in foals given ERY with or without RIF, but there was no effect of RIF alone. Rifampicin reduced sweat suppression by ERY on Day 1 of treatment but not thereafter.Main limitationsBecause ERY blood concentrations were not measured, effects of RIF on ERY‐induced anhidrosis could not definitively be ascribed to altered ERY bioavailability.ConclusionsAll macrolides commonly used to treat R. equi pneumonia, i.e. ERY, AZI and CLA, induce anhidrosis in foals. The potent anti‐sudorific effect of ERY is delayed, but not substantially affected by concurrent RIF administration.
Which Matters More? A Retrospective Cohort Study of Headache Characteristics and Diagnosis Type in Soldiers with mTBI/Concussion
Authors: Finkel Alan G. , Ivins Brian J. , Yerry Juanita A. , Klaric John S. , Scher Ann , Sammy Choi Y. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the diagnostic types and characteristics of headaches in soldiers with mild traumatic brain injury during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.BackgroundPersistent post‐traumatic headache interferes with returns to activity or duty. The most commonly cited headache diagnosis after concussion is migraine. We hypothesize that headache diagnosis type, eg, migraine, is not sufficient to predict relationships with occupational outcomes after concussion.MethodsThe study sample consisted of all new patients referred for headache evaluation at the Brain Injury Center at Womack Army Medical Center over a 1‐year time period. The design was retrospective and observational. Clinical data reported included demographics, causes of injury, headache characteristics, and headache diagnosis type. After reviewing records for retention or severance from military service, the primary occupational outcome measure was departure from service due to medical cause as determined by a Medical Evaluation Board (MEB). The primary outcome measure was to test the strength of association between leaving service for MEB and headache characteristics or diagnosis.ResultsA total of 95 patients (94% male) with concussion described 166 distinct headache types, the most common being migraine (60%) and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (24%). A total of 25% of all patients remained on active duty. A continuous headache of any type was present in 75% of patients and of these, 23% remained on active duty. Of the 51% of patients who had both a continuous and non‐continuous headache, 17% remained on active duty (P < .001). Therefore, we report that a continuous headache, regardless of diagnosis type was associated with negative occupational outcomes. Regardless of headache duration, headache diagnosis type alone was not associated with soldiers’ separations from service.ConclusionsPersistent post‐traumatic headache is most likely to present with continuous pain. Migraine is the most common primary diagnosis type. The presence of a continuous headache was strongly associated with negative occupational outcomes. Primary headache diagnosis type was not. Headache characteristics, therefore, may be more important than diagnosis type when determining active duty status. Further prospective research is indicated.
“Reversi‐type virologic failure” involved in the development of non‐structural protein 5A resistance‐associated variants (RAVs) in patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C carrying no signature RAVs at baseline
Authors: Uchida Yoshihito , Kouyama Jun‐ichi , Naiki Kayoko , Sugawara Kayoko , Inao Mie , Imai Yukinori , Nakayama Nobuaki , Mochida Satoshi 
Published: February 2017

AimsThe therapeutic efficacy of daclatasvir/asunaprevir was inferior in patients with non‐structural protein 5A (NS5A)‐R30Q mutant hepatitis C virus strains at baseline, compared with those with wild‐type strains, even though the half maximal effective concentration of NS5A inhibitors was lower in mutant strains than in wild‐type strains. In these patients, R30Q and Y93H mutant strains, which are highly resistant to NS5A inhibitors, emerged at virologic failure. The mechanisms involved in such virologic failure were examined.MethodsThe NS5A resistance‐associated variants were evaluated using direct sequencing in 88 patients with virologic failure after daclatasvir/asunaprevir therapy. In patients with R30Q and Y93H mutant strains at virologic failure, the original strains responsible for the multiple mutations were evaluated using baseline sera samples.ResultsL28 M and/or R30Q, L31 M, and Y93H mutant strains were found in 36, 46, and 65 patients, respectively, and R30Q and Y93H mutants were seen in 23 patients. R30Q mutant strains were detected in baseline sera samples available from eight of these patients; cycling‐probe real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that the Y93H mutant strain to total strain ratio was less than 1% in four patients and ranged from 1% to 98% in four patients. A phylogenetic tree analysis undertaken after deep sequencing revealed that the R30Q and Y93H mutant strains originated from minor strains with both mutations at baseline, even in patients with a ratio of less than 1%.ConclusionIn patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus strains with R30Q mutation, minor strains with Y93H as well as R30Q mutations contributed to the development of virologic failure after treatment with NS5A inhibitors.
Summary of mutations underlying autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI) in Arabs with four novel mutations in ARCI‐related genes from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Bastaki Fatma , Mohamed Madiha , Nair Pratibha , Saif Fatima , Mustafa Ethar M. , Bizzari Sami , Al‐Ali Mahmoud T. , Hamzeh Abdul Rezzak 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundClinical and molecular heterogeneity is a prominent characteristic of congenital ichthyoses, with the involvement of numerous causative loci. Mutations in these loci feature in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCIs) quite variably, with certain genes/mutations being more frequently uncovered in particular populations.MethodsIn this study, we used whole exome sequencing as well as direct Sanger sequencing to uncover four novel mutations in ARCI‐related genes, which were found in families from the United Arab Emirates. In silico tools such as CADD and SIFT Indel were used to predict the functional consequences of these mutations.ResultsThe here‐presented mutations occurred in three genes (ALOX12B, TGM1, ABCA12), and these are a mixture of missense and indel variants with damaging functional consequences on their encoded proteins.ConclusionsThis study presents an overview of the mutations that were found in ARCI‐related genes in Arabs and discusses molecular and clinical details pertaining to the above‐mentioned Emirati cases and their novel mutations with special emphasis on the resulting protein changes.
Financial remuneration is positively correlated with the number of clinical activities: an example from diabetes management in Alberta community pharmacies
Authors: Bharadia Rajan , Lorenz Kathleen , Cor Ken , Simpson Scot H 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether use of a compensation plan to remunerate pharmacists for clinical pharmacy services was associated with the number of diabetes management activities provided.

Methods
Alberta pharmacists were asked about compensation plan use and frequency they provide a list of 80 diabetes management activities.

Key findings
A total of 168 community pharmacists responded to the survey. When compensation plan use, diabetes-specific training, practice characteristics and additional authorizations were incorporated into a factorial ANOVA, pharmacists who used the compensation plan reported a mean of 42.9 (95% CI 39.4 to 46.4) diabetes management activities, while those who did not reported a mean of 29.9 (95% CI 21.4 to 38.4) activities (P = 0.016).

Conclusions
After considering other important influencing factors, use of the compensation plan is positively correlated with the number of diabetes management activities pharmacists provided.
Stereotype‐based judgments of child welfare issues in cases of parent criminality
Authors: Benbow Alison E. F. , Stürmer Stefan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractApproximately 2.5 million children in the European Union and the United States have incarcerated parents, the vast majority of which are fathers. Three experiments modeled on real legal cases (total N = 881) investigated how parent gender affects decisions regarding contact between incarcerated parents and their children. Results showed that measures facilitating relationship maintenance in relevant domains (sentence length, visitation rights, and alleviating postsentencing conditions) were supported less when they involved a father despite identical prior information about the legal case. Mediation analyses suggest two distinct processes explaining these disparities: participants' crime‐related attributions, and their stereotypical expectations about the different familial roles of mothers and fathers. Practical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Effects of bund crops and insecticide treatments on arthropod diversity and herbivore regulation in tropical rice fields
Authors: Horgan F. G. , Ramal A. F. , Villegas J. M. , Jamoralin A. , Bernal C. C. , Perez M. O. , Pasang J. M. , Naredo A. I. , Almazan M. L. P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEcological engineering using vegetable or flower strips is promoted as a potential pest management strategy in irrigated rice. Farmers in the Philippines often plant rice levees (bunds) with vegetables, particularly string beans (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walpers) to supplement income, but without considering the potential for pest management. This study examines the effects of planted bunds on rice herbivores and their natural enemies. We compared arthropods in (a) rice fields that had string beans planted on bunds, (b) fields without string beans and without any insecticide applications and (c) fields without string beans but with insecticide treatments (standard practice). Rice yield was similar across all treatments; however, the vegetation strips produced an extra 3.6 kg of fresh string bean pods per metre of bund. There were no apparent increases in major natural enemy groups in fields with string beans compared to fields with conventional bunds. Fields with insecticide treatments had higher damage from leaffolders (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The sprayed fields also had lower parasitism of planthopper eggs and fewer predatory dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). Furthermore, the mortality of planthopper (Delphacidae: Hemiptera) and stemborer (Pyralidae) eggs by parasitoids and predators was density dependent only in the unsprayed fields (with and without string beans). Our results demonstrate that planting string beans on rice bunds improves the productivity of rice farms, but our ecological engineering system did not appreciably affect natural enemy or herbivore abundance; however, chemical insecticides adversely affected pest regulatory ecosystem functions leading to higher pest damage.