bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphoteric Ion‐Exchange Membranes with Significantly Improved Vanadium Barrier Properties for All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Nibel Olga , Rojek Tomasz , Schmidt Thomas J. , Gubler Lorenz 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAll‐vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) have attracted considerable interest as promising energy‐storage devices that can allow the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources. The membrane, which separates the porous electrodes in a redox flow cell, is one of the key components in VRBs. High rates of crossover of vanadium ions and water through the membrane impair the efficiency and capacity of a VRB. Thus, membranes with low permeation rate of vanadium species and water are required, also characterized by low resistance and stability in the VRB environment. Here, we present a new design concept for amphoteric ion‐exchange membranes, based on radiation‐induced grafting of vinylpyridine into an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene base film and a two‐step functionalization to introduce cationic and anionic exchange sites, respectively. During long‐term cycling, redox flow cells containing these membranes showed higher efficiency, less pronounced electrolyte imbalance, and significantly reduced capacity decay compared to the cells with the benchmark material Nafion 117.
Altered sex‐specific mortality and female mating success: ecological effects and evolutionary responses
Authors: Degen Tobias , Hovestadt Thomas , Mitesser Oliver , Hölker Franz 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTheory predicts that males and females should often join the mating pool at different times (sexual dimorphism in timing of emergence [SDT]) as the degree of SDT affects female mating success. We utilize an analytical model to explore (1) how important SDT is for female mating success, (2) how mating success might change if either sex's mortality (abruptly) increases, and (3) to what degree evolutionary responses in SDT may be able to mitigate the consequences of such mortality increase. Increasing male pre‐mating mortality has a non‐linear effect on the fraction of females mated: The effect is initially weak, but at some critical level a further increase in male mortality has a stronger effect than a similar increase in female mortality. Such a change is expected to impose selection for reduced SDT. Increasing mortality during the mating season has always a stronger effect on female mating success if the mortality affects the sex that emerges first. This bias results from the fact that enhancing mortality of the earlier emerging sex reduces female–male encounter rates. However, an evolutionary response in SDT may effectively mitigate such consequences. Further, if considered independently for females and males, the predicted evolutionary response in SDT could be quite dissimilar. The difference between female and male evolutionary response in SDT leads to marked differences in the fraction of fertilized females under certain conditions. Our model may provide general guidelines for improving harvesting of populations, conservation management of rare species under altered environmental conditions, or maintaining long‐term efficiency of pest‐control measures.
The effect of the invasive Elaeagnus umbellata on soil microbial communities depends on proximity of soils to plants
Authors: Malinich Elizabeth , Lynn‐Bell Nicole , Kourtev Peter S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInvasive plants are often associated with dense monocultures, which reduce native plant diversity. Multiple studies have shown significant impacts of dense invasive plant populations on soil microbial communities. In many cases, however, invasive plants are present in lower, non‐uniform densities. This is especially true of some woody/shrubby invaders. We studied two such populations of autumn olive: a highly invasive, nitrogen‐fixing shrub, commonly found throughout the Midwestern United States. In each population, we collected soil samples in a rectangular grid, noting the distance of each sample point to the nearest autumn olive plant, as well as the local density of autumn olive. Soils were assessed for pH, moisture, nitrogen availability, microbial community composition, and enzyme activity. We found that autumn olive significantly affected the dominant taxa of bacterial and archaeal communities, particularly ammonia‐oxidizing microorganisms, as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of functional genes characteristic of these microbial groups. The changes in microbial communities were related to the proximity and local density of autumn olive shrubs. In most cases, the effect of autumn olive was greater than that of either pH or moisture. In contrast, microbial function (measured as enzyme activities), while non‐uniform, did not seem to be as strongly related to the presence of the invasive plant. Our findings suggest that autumn olive can affect soil microbial community composition even when it is present in relatively low densities. This should be considered when assessing remediation strategies for autumn olive‐invaded areas.
Family identity and severe mental illness: A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Acero Ángela R. , Cano‐Prous Adrián , Castellanos Gabriel , Martín‐Lanas Raquel , Canga‐Armayor Ana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThere is a growing amount of research showing that a shared social identity and the sense of belonging to a family have a potential effect on health. However, little is known about the effects of severe mental illness on family identity. The authors carried out this thematic synthesis based on a systematic review of literature on family narratives of severe mental illness and family identity. The main findings indicate that in many families (i) their identity—as a shared social identity—undergoes a transformation process by which the identity aspects of being a family are reinforced; (ii) family members often take on a caring role as their main family role; and finally, (iii) a cultural component shapes this transformation process. The authors describe implications for research and application in the mental health field. All in all, family identity is transformed by the experience of severe mental illness.
Allowing the victim to draw a line in history: Intergroup apology effectiveness as a function of collective autonomy support
Authors: Kachanoff Frank J. , Caouette Julie , Wohl Michael J. A. , Taylor Donald M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe tested whether intergroup apology effectiveness increases when the apology is collective autonomy supportive (i.e., victimized group members are told they have the choice to accept or reject the apology). In Experiment 1, university students who received a collective autonomy supportive (compared to a collective autonomy unsupportive or basic) apology for derogatory remarks made by a rival university perceived the apology as more empathic. This, in turn, heightened intergroup forgiveness. Experiment 2 replicated and extended this effect in the context of the friendly fire killing of Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan by the United States. Canadians in the collective autonomy supportive condition felt more empowered and were less critical of the apology. Sequential mediation analyses revealed that collective autonomy support had an indirect effect on intergroup forgiveness through empowerment and empathic support of the apology. Findings suggest the apology–forgiveness link strengthens when the victimized group's collective autonomy is explicitly acknowledged.
Are the ethnically tolerant free of discrimination, prejudice and political intolerance?
Authors: Bizumic Boris , Kenny Amanda , Iyer Ravi , Tanuwira Juliet , Huxley Elizabeth 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe hypothesized that the ethnically tolerant (i.e., people who are anti‐ethnocentric and score very low on a measure of ethnocentrism) would perceive people with extremely incompatible values and beliefs as out‐groups and would engage in discrimination, prejudice and political intolerance against them. Experiments among Australian citizens in Studies 1 (N = 224) and 2 (N = 283) showed that the ethnically tolerant perceived supporters of a message in favour of mandatory detention of asylum seekers as out‐groups and consequently exhibited discrimination, prejudice and political intolerance against them. Study 3 with 265 U.S. citizens showed that, controlling for liberalism, ethnic tolerance led to prejudice against out‐groups. This was replicated with 522 UK citizens in Study 4, which also showed that social identity, and not moral conviction, mediated the link between ethnic tolerance and prejudice. The findings suggest that the ethnically tolerant can be discriminatory, prejudiced and politically intolerant against fellow humans.
Hurt feelings and four letter words: Swearing alleviates the pain of social distress
Authors: Philipp Michael C. , Lombardo Laura 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMethods for alleviating physical pain are increasingly found to attenuate social pain. Recent evidence suggests that swearing may attenuate sensitivity to physical pain. This study examined whether swearing similarly attenuates two consequences of social distress: social pain and exclusion‐induced hyperalgesia. Sixty‐two people wrote about an autobiographical experience of exclusion or inclusion. Then they repeated a swear or neutral word for 2 minutes followed by measures of social and physical pain. Excluded non‐swearers reported feeling more social pain and greater sensitivity to physical pain compared with included non‐swearers. Excluded swearers reported less social pain than excluded non‐swearers and no heightened sensitivity to physical pain. The findings suggest that social and physical pain are functionally similar and that swearing attenuates social pain.
Solar Glasses: A Case Study on Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells for Self‐Powered, Smart, Wearable Devices
Authors: Landerer Dominik , Bahro Daniel , Röhm Holger , Koppitz Manuel , Mertens Adrian , Manger Felix , Denk Fabian , Heidinger Michael , Windmann Thomas , Colsmann Alexander 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report on solution‐processed, semitransparent organic solar cells that are implemented as lenses in sunglasses. The electrical power provided by the lens‐fitted solar cells sustains a microelectronic circuit that is used to read out temperature and illumination intensity sensors and to make this information available on two displays integrated into the temples of the “Solar Glasses”. The microelectronic circuit is designed to operate at illumination intensities down to 500 lux, rendering the Solar Glasses suitable for outdoor and indoor use as well as for operation in diffuse light. Hence, this case study provides an example for consumer‐oriented mobile applications, self‐powered by integrated solar cells, which specifically exploit the unique properties of organic solar cells.
Dynamics of rocking podium structures
Authors: Bachmann J.A. , Vassiliou M.F. , Stojadinović B. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryA rocking podium structure is a class of structures consisting of a superstructure placed on top of a rigid slab supported by free‐standing columns. The free‐standing columns respond to sufficiently strong ground motion excitation by uplifting and rocking. Uplift works as a mechanical fuse that limits the forces transmitted to the superstructure, while rocking enables large lateral displacements. Such ‘soft‐story’ system runs counter to the modern seismic design philosophy but has been used to construct several hundred buildings in countries of the former USSR following Polyakov's rule‐of‐thumb guidelines: (i) that the superstructure behave as a rigid body and (ii) that the maximum lateral displacement of the rocking podium frame be estimated using elastic earthquake displacement response spectra. The objectives of this paper are to present a dynamic model for analysis of the in‐plane seismic response of rocking podium structures and to investigate if Polyakov's rule‐of‐thumb guidelines are adequate for the design of such structures. Examination of the rocking podium structure response to analytical pulse and recorded ground motion excitations shows that the rocking podium structures are stable and that Polyakov's rule‐of‐thumb guidelines produce generally conservative designs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of RC slab–beam–column sub‐assemblages subjected to bidirectional lateral cyclic loading using a new 3D macroelement
Authors: Kim Suhee , Kusuhara Fumio , Shiohara Hitoshi 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAn existing two‐dimensional macroelement for reinforced concrete beam–column joints is extended to a three‐dimensional macroelement. The three‐dimensional macroelement for beam–column joints consists of six rigid interface plates and uniaxial springs for concrete, steel, and bond–slip, which model the inside of a beam–column joint. The mechanical models for the materials and the stiffness equation for the springs are also presented. To validate the model, we used test results from three slab–beam–column sub‐assemblages subjected to bi‐lateral cyclic load. It is revealed that the new joint model is capable of capturing the strength of beam–column joints and the bidirectional interaction in joint shear response, including the concentration of damage in the beam–column joint, the pinching nature in hysteretic behavior, the stiffness degradation, and strength deterioration resulting from cyclic and bidirectional loading. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The flame retardant and smoke suppression effect of fullerene by trapping radicals in decabromodiphenyl oxide/Sb2O3 flame‐retarded high density polyethylene
Authors: Guo Zhenghong , Zhao Liping , Fang Zhengping 
Published: May 2017

SummaryTo improve the large release of smoke and heat for brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in fire hazard, fullerene (C60) had been introduced in high density polyethylene (HDPE)/bromine flame retardant (Deca/Sb2O3, BFR in short) system in this study. The effects of C60 on the thermal properties, flame retardant properties, rheological behaviors, and smoke release behaviors in HDPE/BFR blends were researched. During polymer thermal degradation, C60 and BFR exhibited the trapping radical ability in condensed phase and gaseous phase, respectively. The intergrated effects of C60 and BFR on the thermal stability and flammability of HDPE were studied by thermo‐gravimetry and cone calorimeter. It was indicated that the introduction of C60 improved the thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability of HDPE/BFR blends. A remarkable advantage of adding C60 was to reduce the peak heat release rate and the average specific extinction area, especially at higher concentration of C60. The analysis of rheological behaviors and pyrolysis products revealed that C60 can capture alkyl radicals, chain radicals, and bromine radicals in the condensed phase, which was in favor of terminating the thermo‐oxidative decomposition and inhibiting the heat and smoke release of HDPE/BFR blends during combustion.
The effects of coal dust concentrations and particle sizes on the minimum auto‐ignition temperature of a coal dust cloud
Authors: Ajrash Mohammed Jabbar , Zanganeh Jafar , Moghtaderi Behdad 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFlash fires and explosions in areas containing an enriched combustible dust atmosphere are a major safety concern in industrial processing. An experimental study was conducted to analyse the effects of atmospheric coal dust particle sizes and concentrations on the minimum auto‐ignition temperature (MAIT) of a dust cloud. Two different coal samples from Australian coal mines were used. The coal dust particles were prepared and sized in 3 ranges, of below 74 μm, 74 to 125 μm and 125 to 212 μm, by using a series of sieves and a sieve shaker. A humidifier was used to increase the moisture content of the particles to the required level. All the experiments were conducted in accordance with the ASTM E1491‐06 method in a calibrated Goldbert‐Greenwald furnace.The results from this study indicate that coal dust properties, such as the chemical nature (H/C), concentration, particle size (D50), and moisture content, impact on the MAIT. For coal dust concentrations less than 1000 g.m−3, the MAIT decreases with increasing coal dust concentrations. On the other hand, for low concentrations of 100 to 15 g.m−3, the MAIT becomes more reliable for particle size D50 rather than for volatile matters.
No effects of rosemary and lavender essential oil and a placebo pill on sustained attention, alertness, and heart rate
Authors: Babulka Péter , Berkes Tímea , Szemerszky Renáta , Köteles Ferenc 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are widely used for various purposes, however, their claimed effects are often not supported by empirical data. Previous findings have highlighted the importance of psychological factors (e.g. expectations) in their mechanism of action. The present study investigated the effects of an ingested placebo pill and inhaled rosemary and lavender oils on alertness and heart rate, as well as actual and perceived performance in a sustained attention task. 128 young adults, randomly allocated to four groups (rosemary, lavender, placebo pill with stimulant suggestion, and control), completed a vigilance task before and after the respective intervention. Compared to the control condition, no effects of the three interventions were found on actual changes in sustained attention, alertness, or heart rate. Both EOs and the placebo pill evoked positive expectations regarding cognitive performance and alertness. Expectations predicted perceived changes in alertness and heart rate, but not in cognitive performance. No differences between the two EOs and the placebo intervention were found in any respect. Psychological mechanisms behind the effects of inhaled EOs and placebos might be overlapping.
Depression and cognitive impairment among newly admitted nursing home residents in the USA
Authors: Ulbricht Christine M. , Rothschild Anthony J. , Hunnicutt Jacob N. , Lapane Kate L. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment among newly admitted nursing home residents in the USA and to describe the treatment of depression by level of cognitive impairment.MethodsWe identified 1,088,619 newly admitted older residents between 2011 and 2013 with an active diagnosis of depression documented on the Minimum Data Set 3.0. The prevalence of receiving psychiatric treatment was estimated by cognitive impairment status and depression symptoms. Binary logistic regression using generalized estimating equations provided adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between level of cognitive impairment and receipt of psychiatric treatment, adjusted for clustering of residents within nursing homes and resident characteristics.ResultsTwenty‐six percent of newly admitted residents had depression; 47% of these residents also had cognitive impairment. Of those who had staff assessments of depression, anhedonia, impaired concentration, psychomotor disturbances, and irritability were more commonly experienced by residents with cognitive impairment than residents without cognitive impairment. Forty‐eight percent of all residents with depression did not receive any psychiatric treatment. Approximately one‐fifth of residents received a combination of treatment. Residents with severe cognitive impairment were less likely than those with intact cognition to receive psychiatric treatment (adjusted odds ratio = 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.93–0.98).ConclusionsMany newly admitted residents with an active diagnosis of depression are untreated, potentially missing an important window to improve symptoms. The extent of comorbid cognitive impairment and depression and lack of treatment suggest opportunities for improved quality of care in this increasingly important healthcare setting. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges in measuring individual differences in functional connectivity using fMRI: The case of healthy aging
Authors: Geerligs Linda , Tsvetanov Kamen A. , Cam‐CAN  , Henson Richard N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany studies report individual differences in functional connectivity, such as those related to age. However, estimates of connectivity from fMRI are confounded by other factors, such as vascular health, head motion and changes in the location of functional regions. Here, we investigate the impact of these confounds, and pre‐processing strategies that can mitigate them, using data from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing & Neuroscience (www.cam-can.com). This dataset contained two sessions of resting‐state fMRI from 214 adults aged 18–88. Functional connectivity between all regions was strongly related to vascular health, most likely reflecting respiratory and cardiac signals. These variations in mean connectivity limit the validity of between‐participant comparisons of connectivity estimates, and were best mitigated by regression of mean connectivity over participants. We also showed that high‐pass filtering, instead of band‐pass filtering, produced stronger and more reliable age‐effects. Head motion was correlated with gray‐matter volume in selected brain regions, and with various cognitive measures, suggesting that it has a biological (trait) component, and warning against regressing out motion over participants. Finally, we showed that the location of functional regions was more variable in older adults, which was alleviated by smoothing the data, or using a multivariate measure of connectivity. These results demonstrate that analysis choices have a dramatic impact on connectivity differences between individuals, ultimately affecting the associations found between connectivity and cognition. It is important that fMRI connectivity studies address these issues, and we suggest a number of ways to optimize analysis choices. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4125–4156, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural signature of classical versus late‐onset friedreich's ataxia by Multimodality brain MRI
Authors: Rezende Thiago Junqueira R. , Martinez Alberto Rolim M. , Faber Ingrid , Girotto Karen , Pedroso José Luiz , Barsottini Orlando G. , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Cendes Fernando , Faria Andreia V. , França Marcondes C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionFriedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most common autosomal‐recessive ataxia worldwide. It is characterized by early onset, sensory abnormalities, and slowly progressive ataxia. However, some individuals manifest the disease after the age of 25 years and are classified as late‐onset FRDA (LOFA). Therefore, we propose a transversal multimodal MRI‐based study to investigate which anatomical substrates are involved in classical (cFRDA) and LOFA.MethodsWe enrolled 36 patients (13 with LOFA) and 29 healthy controls. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging in a 3 T device; three‐dimensional high‐resolution T1‐weighted images and diffusion tensor images were used to assess gray and white matter, respectively. We used T1 multiatlas approach to assess deep gray matter and cortical thickness measures to evaluate cerebral cortex and DTI multiatlas approach to assess white matter. All analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons.ResultsGroup comparison showed that both groups presented gray matter atrophy mostly in the motor cortex. Regarding white matter, we found abnormalities in the cerebellar peduncles, pyramidal tracts, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata for both groups, but the microstructural abnormalities in the cFRDA group were more widespread. In addition, we found that the corticospinal tract presented more severe microstructural damage in the LOFA group. Finally, the midbrain volume of the cFRDA, but not of the LOFA group, correlated with disease duration (R = −0.552, P = 0.012) and severity (R = −0.783, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe cFRDA and LOFA groups have similar, but not identical neuroimaging damage pattern. These structural differences might help to explain the phenotypic variability observed in FRDA. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4157–4168, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.