bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient inversion and uncertainty quantification of a tephra fallout model
Authors: White J. T. , Connor C. B. , Connor L. , Hasenaka T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn efficient and effective inversion and uncertainty quantification approach is proposed for estimating eruption parameters given a data set collected from a tephra deposit. The approach is model independent and here is applied using Tephra2, a code that simulates advective and dispersive tephra transport and deposition. The Levenburg‐Marquardt algorithm is combined with formal Tikhonov and subspace regularization to invert eruption parameters; a linear equation for conditional uncertainty propagation is used to estimate posterior parameter uncertainty. Both the inversion and uncertainty analysis support simultaneous analysis of the full eruption and wind field parameterization. The combined inversion/uncertainty quantification approach is applied to the 1992 eruption of Cerro Negro and the 2011 Kirishima‐Shinmoedake eruption. While eruption mass uncertainty is reduced by inversion against tephra isomass data, considerable uncertainty remains for many eruption and wind field parameters, such as plume height. Supplementing the inversion data set with tephra granulometry data is shown to further reduce the uncertainty of most eruption and wind field parameters. The eruption mass of the 2011 Kirishima‐Shinmoedake eruption is 0.82 × 1010 kg to 2.6 × 1010 kg, with 95% confidence; total eruption mass for the 1992 Cerro Negro eruption is 4.2 × 1010 kg to 7.3 × 1010 kg, with 95% confidence. These results indicate that eruption classification and characterization of eruption parameters can be significantly improved through this uncertainty quantification approach.
Statistical analysis of spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric electric fields from a regional array of field mills
Authors: Lucas G. M. , Thayer J. P. , Deierling W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractElectric fields and currents of the global electric circuit have been measured at different locations and time periods around the globe, but a long‐term analysis from a regional array of electric field mills has never been performed. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida has an array of over 30 electric field mills that have been continuously operating and archiving data for over 18 years. KSC is also instrumented with many meteorological towers. With this initial statistical analysis of a long‐term data set four unique observations are reported that encompass global as well as local effects. To quantitatively describe the effects, a model to determine near‐surface electric fields, incorporating space charge, and conductivity perturbations is developed. Statistical autonomous grouping of the mills using the spatial array demonstrates a greater than 50 V/m spatial variation from coastal to inland mills caused by wind‐advected space charge generated near the coast. A temporal analysis identified a strong, globally generated, diurnal signature, but only a weak annual signal is found. A realistic limit on conductivity reductions within clouds is estimated by analyzing overhead cloud cover in relation to near‐surface electric field strengths. The estimated in‐cloud conductivity reduction of approximately 1/3 is similar to observations but appreciably less than values estimated from microphysical cloud estimates. Finally, an enhancement in the electric field at sunrise is statistically well correlated with low wind speeds and high relative humidities. This paper provides a statistical description of local environmental effects on near‐surface electric fields by which to base future studies.
A predictive model for the spectral “bioalbedo” of snow
Authors: Cook J. M. , Hodson A. J. , Taggart A. J. , Mernild S. H. , Tranter M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present the first physical model for the spectral “bioalbedo” of snow, which predicts the spectral reflectance of snowpacks contaminated with variable concentrations of red snow algae with varying diameters and pigment concentrations and then estimates the effect of the algae on snowmelt. The biooptical model estimates the absorption coefficient of individual cells; a radiative transfer scheme calculates the spectral reflectance of snow contaminated with algal cells, which is then convolved with incoming spectral irradiance to provide albedo. Albedo is then used to drive a point‐surface energy balance model to calculate snowpack melt rate. The model is used to investigate the sensitivity of snow to algal biomass and pigmentation, including subsurface algal blooms. The model is then used to recreate real spectral albedo data from the High Sierra (CA, USA) and broadband albedo data from Mittivakkat Gletscher (SE Greenland). Finally, spectral “signatures” are identified that could be used to identify biology in snow and ice from remotely sensed spectral reflectance data. Our simulations not only indicate that algal blooms can influence snowpack albedo and melt rate but also highlight that “indirect” feedback related to their presence are a key uncertainty that must be investigated.
A new ionospheric storm scale based on TEC and foF2 statistics
Authors: Nishioka Michi , Tsugawa Takuya , Jin Hidekatsu , Ishii Mamoru 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose the I‐scale, a new ionospheric storm scale for general users in various regions in the world. With the I‐scale, ionospheric storms can be classified at any season, local time, and location. Since the ionospheric condition largely depends on many factors such as solar irradiance, energy input from the magnetosphere, and lower atmospheric activity, it had been difficult to scale ionospheric storms, which are mainly caused by solar and geomagnetic activities. In this study, statistical analysis was carried out for total electron content (TEC) and F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) in Japan for 18 years from 1997 to 2014. Seasonal, local time, and latitudinal dependences of TEC and foF2 variabilities are excluded by normalizing each percentage variation using their statistical standard deviations. The I‐scale is defined by setting thresholds to the normalized numbers to seven categories: I0, IP1, IP2, IP3, IN1, IN2, and IN3. I0 represents a quiet state, and IP1 (IN1), IP2 (IN2), and IP3 (IN3) represent moderate, strong, and severe positive (negative) storms, respectively. The proposed I‐scale can be used for other locations, such as polar and equatorial regions. It is considered that the proposed I‐scale can be a standardized scale to help the users to assess the impact of space weather on their systems.
Epigenetic‐mediated immune suppression of positive co‐stimulatory molecules in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Cacan Ercan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe immunological response against cancer is a critical balance between immune‐activating and immune‐suppressing mechanisms. Ovarian cancer creates a suppressive microenvironment to escape immune elimination; however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, and it is unclear whether chemotherapeutic drugs exert an immunoreactive or immunosuppressive effect on the tumor microenvironment. 4‐1BB ligand (4‐1BBL/CD157) and OX‐40 ligand (OX‐40L/CD252) are important regulators of effector cytotoxic T‐cells activity. This study demonstrates that expression of positive co‐stimulatory molecules, OX‐40L and 4‐1BBL, is suppressed while expression of immunosuppressive molecule programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1/CD274) is enhanced in chemoresistant cells compared to parental chemosensitive ovarian cancer cells. Here, the molecular mechanisms of silencing of OX‐40L and 4‐1BBL expression were investigated in chemoresistant A2780‐AD ovarian cancer cells. The suppression of OX‐40L and 4‐1BBL are due to DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation, two important mechanisms that contribute to gene silencing during cancer progression. We identify important epigenetic regulators, histone deacetylase 1/3 (HDAC1/HDAC3) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), that exhibit aberrant association with OX‐40L and 4‐1BBL promoters in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of HDAC1 or DNMT1 expression, and pharmacological inhibition of DNMT or HDAC enzymatic activity, significantly increase OX‐40L and 4‐1BBL expression in chemoresistant cells. This study suggests that loss of histone acetylation and accumulation of DNA methylation correlates with suppressed expression of OX‐40L and 4‐1BBL in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. This study marks the first report of the regulation of these two molecules by histone deacetylation and DNA methylation in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells.
SBA‐15‐Supported Metal Silicides Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition as Efficient Catalysts Towards the Semihydrogenation of Phenylacetylene
Authors: Yang Kaixuan , Chen Xiao , Wang Lei , Zhang Liangliang , Jin Shaohua , Liang Changhai 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMetal silicide (Pd2Si, Ni2Si, CoSi, FexSi, and Cu6.69Si) catalysts supported by SBA‐15 have been prepared by a chemical vapor deposition method under a H2 atmosphere using (CH3)2SiCl2 as the Si source. Of the SBA‐15‐supported metal silicide catalysts, Ni2Si/SBA‐15 presented a modest activity, notable selectivity to styrene (>90 %), and high stability with respect to the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene, which is attributed to the active‐site isolation and electron transfer in the silicide. Furthermore, Ni2Si/SBA‐15 also has a high selectivity to diphenylacetylene and 1,4‐butynediol, which demonstrates that Ni2Si/SBA‐15 is a promising, low‐cost catalyst alternative to noble‐metal catalysts as a selective hydrogenation catalyst.
Bioelectrocatalytic Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide by Microperoxidase‐11 Immobilized on Mesoporous Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide
Authors: Neumann Bettina , Kielb Patrycja , Rustam Lina , Fischer Anna , Weidinger Inez M. , Wollenberger Ulla 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe heme‐undecapeptide microperoxidase‐11 (MP‐11) was immobilized on mesoporous antimony‐doped tin oxide (ATO) thin‐film electrodes modified with the positively charged binding promotor polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride. Surface concentrations of MP‐11 of 1.5 nmol cm−2 were sufficiently high to enable spectroelectrochemical analyses. UV/Vis spectroscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy revealed that immobilized MP‐11 adopts a six‐coordinated low‐spin conformation, as in solution in the presence of a polycation. Cathodic reduction of hydrogen peroxide at potentials close to +500 mV versus Ag/AgCl indicates that the reaction proceeds via a Compound I‐type like intermediate, analogous to natural peroxidases, and confirms mesoporous ATO as a suitable host material for adsorbing the heme‐peptide in its native state. A hydrogen peroxide sensor is proposed by using the bioelectrocatalytic properties of the MP‐11‐modified ATO.
All‐Organic Rechargeable Battery with Reversibility Supported by “Water‐in‐Salt” Electrolyte
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Yu Hongchuan , Ma Yuanyuan , Bao Junwei Lucas , Truhlar Donald G. , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRechargeable batteries with organic electrodes are preferred to those with transition‐metal‐containing electrodes for their environmental friendliness, and resource availability, but all such batteries reported to date are based on organic electrolytes, which raise concerns of safety and performance. Here an aqueous‐electrolyte all‐organic rechargeable battery is reported, with a maximum operating voltage of 2.1 V, in which polytriphenylamine (PTPAn) and 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA)‐derived polyimide (PNTCDA) serve as cathode and anode material, respectively. A key feature of the design is use of a “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte to bind “free” water; this impedes the side reaction of water oxidation, thereby enabling excellent reversibility in aqueous solution. The battery can deliver a maximum energy density of 52.8 Wh kg−1, which is close to most of the all‐organic batteries with organic electrolytes. The battery exhibits a supercapacitor‐like high power of 32 000 W kg−1 and a long cycle life (700 cycles with capacity retention of 85 %), due to the kinetics not being limited by ion diffusion at either electrode.
Correlation between cardiac rhythm, left atrial appendage flow velocity, and CHA2DS2‐VASc score: Study based on transesophageal echocardiography and 2‐dimensional speckle tracking
Authors: Zuo Kun , Sun Lanlan , Yang Xinchun , Lyu Xiuzhang , Li Kuibao 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThe CHA2DS2‐VASc score is a classic predictor of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Decreased left atrial appendage flow velocity (LAA‐FV) reflects the blood stasis, and left atrial (LA) strain is a manifestation of atrial remodeling. This study aimed to explore the effects of AF rhythm and CHA2DS2‐VASc score in the development of thrombogenesis and their potential correlation with LAA‐FV and LA strain.Hypothesis
AF rhythm and high CHA2DS2‐VASc score correlate independently with decreased LAA‐FV, which can be predicted by LA strain.MethodsIn 98 AF patients, LAA‐FV was measured by transesophageal echocardiography and LA strain was measured by transthoracic echocardiography.Results
LAA‐FV decreased sharply in the AF rhythm group (26.22 vs 61.87 mm/s; P < 0.001), and CHA2DS2‐VASc score did not differ between the decreased and normal LAA‐FV groups in all patients (P = 0.289). However, in sinus rhythm (SR), LAA‐FV was associated with CHA2DS2‐VASc score (coefficient = −0.317, P = 0.013), and the CHA2DS2‐VASc score differed between the normal and decreased LAA‐FV groups (2 [0–7] vs 3 [0–6], respectively; P = 0.038). Moreover, LA strain was a predictor of LAA‐FV in both AF rhythm and SR, whereas a peak positive systolic strain divided by LA volume index <0.744 predicted decreased LAA‐FV.ConclusionsAF rhythm caused a sharp decrease in LAA‐FV independent of CHA2DS2‐VASc score. In SR, the CHA2DS2‐VASc score correlated negatively with LAA‐FV. LA strain was a predictor of LAA‐FV in both SR and AF rhythm.
Visible‐Light‐Triggered Activation of a Protein Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Wilson Danielle , Li Jason W. , Branda Neil R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA photoresponsive small molecule undergoes a ring‐opening reaction when exposed to visible light and becomes an active inhibitor of the enzyme protein kinase C. This “turning on” of enzyme inhibition with light puts control into the hands of the user, creating the opportunity to regulate when and where enzyme catalysis takes place.
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Lesinurad, a New Selective Urate Reabsorption Inhibitor, and Commonly Used Drugs for Gout Treatment
Authors: Shen Zancong , Tieu Kathy , Wilson David , Bucci Gail , Gillen Michael , Lee Caroline , Kerr Bradley 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLesinurad is a novel selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor approved for treatment of hyperuricemia associated with gout in combination with xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs). Open‐label pharmacokinetic studies were performed in volunteers or subjects with hyperuricemia (serum uric acid ≥ 8 mg/dL) to investigate interactions of lesinurad (with and without concurrent XOIs) with colchicine and 2 nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: naproxen and indomethacin. Colchicine studies included consecutive 7‐day treatment periods of (1) allopurinol 300 mg, allopurinol 300 mg plus lesinurad 400 or 600 mg, and continued lesinurad 400 or 600 mg; or (2) febuxostat 40 or 80 mg, febuxostat 40 or 80 mg plus lesinurad 400 mg, and continued febuxostat 40 or 80 mg plus lesinurad 600 mg. Naproxen and indomethacin studies included lesinurad 400 mg on day 1, naproxen 250 mg twice daily or indomethacin 25 mg twice daily on days 2–6, and lesinurad 400 mg plus continued naproxen or indomethacin on days 7–13 and the morning of day 14. Lesinurad did not alter the pharmacokinetics of naproxen and modestly altered exposure to colchicine (AUC decrease of ≤ 25%) and indomethacin (AUC increase of ∼35%). Indomethacin did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lesinurad, whereas naproxen modestly decreased the Cmax of lesinurad by ∼27%.
Simultaneous AuIII Extraction and In Situ Formation of Polymeric Membrane‐Supported Au Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Process with Application in Catalysis
Authors: Mora‐Tamez Lucía , Esquivel‐Peña Vicente , Ocampo Ana L. , Rodríguez de San Miguel Eduardo , Grande Daniel , de Gyves Josefina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA polymeric membrane‐supported catalyst with immobilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared through the extraction and in situ reduction of AuIII salts in a one‐step strategy. Polymeric inclusion membranes (PIMs) and polymeric nanoporous membranes (PNMs) were tested as different membrane‐support systems. Transport experiments indicated that PIMs composed of cellulose triacetate, 2‐nitrophenyloctyl ether, and an aliphatic tertiary amine (Adogen 364 or Alamine 336) were the most efficient supports for AuIII extraction. The simultaneous extraction and reduction processes were proven to be the result of a synergic phenomenon in which all the membrane components were involved. Scanning electron microscopy characterization of cross‐sectional samples suggested a distribution of AuNPs throughout the membrane. Transmission electron microscopy characterization of the AuNPs indicated average particle sizes of 36.7 and 2.9 nm for the PIMs and PNMs, respectively. AuNPs supported on PIMs allowed for >95.4 % reduction of a 0.05 mmol L−1 4‐nitrophenol aqueous solution with 10 mmol L−1 NaBH4 solution within 25 min.
Postoperative iodine‐125 interstitial brachytherapy for the early stages of minor salivary gland carcinomas of the lip and buccal mucosa with positive or close margins
Authors: Wu Wen‐Jie , Shao Xiao , Huang Ming‐Wei , Lv Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Xin‐Na , Zhang Jian‐Guo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to present our preliminary exploration of safety and efficacy of postoperative low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for the early clinical stages of minor salivary gland carcinomas of the lip and buccal mucosa.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with the early stages of minor salivary gland carcinomas of the lip and buccal mucosa received postoperative 125I seed interstitial brachytherapy from March 2005 to May 2015. Actuarial likelihood estimates for local control, overall survival, and disease‐free survival were calculated by Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe actuarial 3‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year local control rates were 94.7%, 82.9%, and 82.9%, respectively. The actuarial 3‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year overall survival rates were 93.3%, 93.3%, and 77.8%, respectively. No patient experienced toxicity above grade 2.ConclusionPostoperative 125I seed interstitial brachytherapy is an alternative to radical surgery for early stages of minor salivary gland carcinomas of the lip and buccal mucosa, which offers satisfactory cosmetic and functional outcomes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 572–577, 2017
Genital Tract Obstruction and Endometriosis
Authors: Rodeck Charles , Craft Ian , Dewhurst C. J. 
Published: January 2017

Rodeck, Ch., Craft, I. and Dewhurst, C. J. (Institute of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea Hospital for Women, London, England). Genital tract obstruction and endometriosis.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 197–200, 1975.The clinical features and modes of treatment of nine patients with obstruction of the genital tract are described. Three had endometriosis confirmed histologically; one of these had no macroscopic evidence of the disease. While retrograde menstruation is the most likely explanation for the development of endometriosis, it can apparently be influenced by the level of obstruction in the genital tract, the length of time during which endometrial reflux occurs, and the quantity involved. Treatment and results are discussed and it is noted that the prognosis worsens in proportion to the length of vagina occluded and in the presence of abnormality of the cervix.
Use of Prostaglandin F2α in the Management of Missed Abortion
Authors: Foroohar Heshmatollah , Behjatnia Yahya 
Published: January 2017

Foroohar, H. and Behjatnia, Y. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. S. Saleh Hospital, Razi Medical School, Tehran University, Tehran). Use of prostaglandin F2α in the management of missed abortion.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 541–544, 1976.Intravenous infusion of PG F2α was used to induce uterine contractions in 9 cases of missed abortions. Except for one case which was an extra uterine pregnancy, all of the patients aborted successfully. There were no major complications. The use of PG is suggested as a method of choice in the management of missed abortion specially in the second trimester.
The Evolution of Laparoscopic Sterilization
Authors: Phillips Jordan , Keith Louis 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTHistorical and technical considerations pertaining to laparoscopic sterilization techniques, including changes that have occurred in the use of some laparoscopic techniques, are presented. Methods of tubal occlusion applicable with laparoscopy are outlined, and rates of selected complications associated with different laparoscopic procedures are reviewed. The future development of laparoscopic sterilization techniques is considered.
Laparoscopy for the Confirmation and Prognostic Evaluation of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Chaparro Mario V. , Ghosh Snehanshu , Nashed Adel , Poliak Aaron 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA presumptive diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is usually made in our gynecologic clinics when obscure, acute lower abdominal pain is accompanied by fever and abnormal vaginal discharge, urinary and rectal discomfort, marked tenderness of the pelvic organs to palpation, or pelvic masses. In the present study, during a 2‐year period, 223 women underwent laparoscopy to confirm this diagnosis. PID was confirmed in 103 (46.2%) of the cases; other serious conditions were diagnosed in 69 (30.9%) of the cases; and no evidence of disease was found in 51 (22.9%) of the cases. The authors conclude that laparoscopy is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of PID.
Hospital Counseling in Khartoum: A Study of Factors Affecting Contraceptive Acceptance After Abortion
Authors: Rushwan Hamid E. , Ferguson James G. , Bernard Roger P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of contraceptive counseling on 3 263 women hospitalized in Khartoum for treatment of incomplete abortion. The analysis, which focused on education and parity/child desire, revealed that the counseling program produced contraceptive acceptance among 47.0% of those followed up. In spite of the counseling efforts, half of the women in this study did not accept contraception following the abortion—regardless of education or parity/child desire. It is difficult to determine why 50% of those who had recently undergone an incomplete abortion were willing to put themselves at risk again. Apparently, future efforts to increase the impact of counseling programs must also examine patients' motivation to accept (or not to accept) contraception.
Effects of Monitoring High‐Risk Pregnancies and Intrapartum FHR Monitoring on Perinates
Authors: Hamilton Lewis A. , Gottschalk William , Vidyasagar Dharmapuri , Horn Charles , Wynn Ralph M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA protocol of chronic antepartum surveillance was initiated at the University of Illinois hospitals in 1973 to assess the impact on perinatal mortality. At the same time, a policy of unselected fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring was initiated to judge the effect on the intrapartum stillbirth rate. The impact of both programs played a significant role in the decline of perinatal mortality rates for infants weighing more than 1 500 g, from 21.1/1 000 births in 1970–1971 to 14.4/1 000 births in the monitored years 1973 and 1974 (p<0.02).