bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the long-term radiosonde temperature biases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using COSMIC and Metop-A/GRAS data from 2006 to 2014
Authors: Ho Shu-peng , Peng Liang , Vömel Holger 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Radiosonde observations (RAOBs) have provided the only long-term global in situ temperature measurements in the troposphere and lower stratosphere since 1958. In this study, we use consistently reprocessed Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) temperature data derived from the COSMIC and Metop-A/GRAS missions from 2006 to 2014 to characterize the inter-seasonal and interannual variability of temperature biases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere for different radiosonde sensor types. The results show that the temperature biases for different sensor types are mainly due to (i) uncorrected solar-zenith-angle-dependent errors and (ii) change of radiation correction. The mean radiosonde–RO global daytime temperature difference in the layer from 200 to 20 hPa for Vaisala RS92 is equal to 0.20 K. The corresponding difference is equal to −0.06 K for Sippican, 0.71 K for VIZ-B2, 0.66 K for Russian AVK-MRZ, and 0.18 K for Shanghai. The global daytime trend of differences for Vaisala RS92 and RO temperature at 50 hPa is equal to 0.07 K/5 yr. Although there still exist uncertainties for Vaisala RS92 temperature measurement over different geographical locations, the global trend of temperature differences between Vaisala RS92 and RO from June 2006 to April 2014 is within ±0.09 K/5 yr. Compared with Vaisala RS80, Vaisala RS90, and sondes from other manufacturers, the Vaisala RS92 seems to provide the most accurate RAOB temperature measurements, and these can potentially be used to construct long-term temperature climate data records (CDRs). Results from this study also demonstrate the feasibility of using RO data to correct RAOB temperature biases for different sensor types.
Italian codified hashtags for weather warning on Twitter – who is really using them?
Authors: Grasso Valentina , Crisci Alfonso , Morabito Marco , Nesi Paolo , Pantaleo Gianni , Zaza Imad , Gozzini Bernardo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. During emergencies, an increasing number of messages are shared through social media platforms, becoming a primary source of information for lay people and emergency managers. Weather services and institutions have started to employ social media to deliver weather warnings even if sometimes this communication lacks in strategy. In Twitter, for example, hashtagging is very important to associate messages with certain topics; in recent years, codified hashtagging is emerging as a practical way to coordinate Twitter conversations during emergencies and quickly retrieve relevant information. In 2014, a syntax for codified hashtags for weather warning was proposed in Italy: a list of 20 hashtags, realized by combining #allertameteo (weather warning) + XXX, where final letters code the regional identification. This contribution presents a monitoring of Twitter usage of weather warning codified hashtags in Italy (since July 2015) and an analysis of different contexts. Twitter messages were retrieved using TwitterVigilance, a multi-users platform to crawl Twitter data, collect and store messages and perform quantitative analytics, about users, hashtags, tweets/retweets volumes. The Codified Hashtags data set is presented and discussed with main analytics and evaluation of regional contexts where it was successfully employed.
Seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the Tibetan highlands
Authors: Kirillin Georgiy , Wen Lijuan , Shatwell Tom 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The hydrology of the lake-rich Tibetan Plateau is important for the global climate, yet little is known about the thermal regime of Tibetan lakes due to scant data. We (i) investigated the characteristic seasonal temperature patterns and recent trends in the thermal and stratification regimes of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau and (ii) tested the performance of the one-dimensional lake parameterization scheme FLake for the Tibetan lake system. For this purpose, we combined 3 years of in situ lake temperature measurements, several decades of satellite observations, and the global reanalysis data. We chose the two largest freshwater Tibetan lakes, Ngoring and Gyaring, as study sites. The lake model FLake faithfully reproduced the specific features of the high-altitude lakes and was subsequently applied to reconstruct the vertically resolved heat transport in both lakes during the last 4 decades. The model suggested that Ngoring and Gyaring were ice-covered for about 6 months and stratified in summer for about 4 months per year with a short spring overturn and a longer autumn overturn. In summer the surface mixed boundary layer extended to 6–8 m of depth and was about 20 % shallower in the more turbid Gyaring. The thermal regime of the transparent Ngoring responded more strongly to atmospheric forcing than Gyaring, where the higher turbidity damped the response. According to the reanalysis data, air temperatures and humidity have increased, whereas solar radiation has decreased, since the 1970s. Surprisingly, the modeled mean lake temperatures did not change, nor did the phenology of the ice cover or stratification. Lake surface temperatures in summer increased only marginally. The reason is that the increase in air temperature was offset by the decrease in radiation, probably due to increasing humidity. This study demonstrates that air temperature trends are not directly coupled to lake temperatures and underscores the importance of shortwave radiation for the thermal regime of high-altitude lakes.
Corporate Taxation and BEPS: A Fair Slice for Developing Countries?
Authors: Burgers Irene , Mosquera Irma 
Published: April 2017

Corporate Taxation and BEPS: A Fair Slice for Developing Countries?
The aim of this article is to examine the differences in perception of ‘fairness’ between developing and developed countries, which influence developing countries’ willingness to embrace the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) proposals and to recommend as to how to overcome these differences. The article provides an introduction to the background of the OECD’s BEPS initiatives (Action Plan, Low Income Countries Report, Multilateral Framework, Inclusive Framework) and the concerns of developing countries about their ability to implement BEPS (Section 1); a non-exhaustive overview of the shortcomings of the BEPS Project and its Action Plan in respect of developing countries (Section 2); arguments on why developing countries might perceive fairness in relation to corporate income taxes differently from developed countries (Section 3); and recommendations for international organisations, governments and academic researchers on where fairness in respect of developing countries should be more properly addressed (Section 4).
Former les leaders de demain en bibliothèques : l’expérience de LIBER
Authors: Roche Julien 
Published: April 2017

La Ligue européenne des bibliothèques de recherche (LIBER) a progressivement développé, depuis 2011, un double programme académique et professionnel dédié au leadership, et ce, au bénéfice des cadres en responsabilité. Il s’agit d’aider les leaders en émergence et les directeurs confirmés à conforter leur positionnement comme acteurs incontournables du paysage scientifique, managérial et décisionnel de leur établissement. Le programme s’incarne dans deux actions : 1) un séminaire Leadership, entrepris dès 2011, pour les directeurs adjoints et les chefs de département, se démarquant des programmes nationaux par une forte composante managériale et la connaissance de soi ; 2) des journées LIBER, organisées pour la première fois en 2015, pour les directeurs eux-mêmes, fortement centrées sur l’identification des grands enjeux stratégiques et l’interaction entre pairs.
La prochaine génération d’employés
Authors: Blackburn Heidi 
Published: April 2017

Une étude de cas fondée sur les données se penche sur les questions suivantes : 1) quels sont les facteurs sociaux, culturels, économiques et politiques qui motivent les hommes (18-30 ans) à devenir bibliothécaires professionnels aux États-Unis ; 2) dans quelle mesure la technologie a-t-elle motivé les hommes (18-30 ans) à devenir bibliothécaires professionnels et ; 3) quels sont les stéréotypes professionnels auxquels ils sont confrontés.
Comment démotiver un bibliothécaire passionné ?
Authors: de Miribel Marielle 
Published: April 2017

Comment démotiver un bibliothécaire passionné ? Un bibliothécaire est sans doute l’un des agents les plus passionnés de la fonction publique. Conscient de l’utilité de son travail, il y trouve son épanouissement. Pourtant, les contraintes externes peuvent parfois l’emporter sur la motivation interne. Chaque être humain a soif de structure, de reconnaissance et de stimulation. L’ignorance, délibérée ou non, de ces besoins conduit à la démotivation. Les enjeux politiques ou financiers, les jeux de pouvoir sur lesquels il n’a aucune prise peuvent amener le bibliothécaire à modifier son comportement et à perdre toute motivation.
Conserved DNA motifs in the type II-A CRISPR leader region
Authors: Van Orden Mason J. , Klein Peter , Babu Kesavan , Najar Fares Z. , Rajan Rakhi 
Published: April 2017

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated (CRISPR-Cas) systems consist of RNA-protein complexes that provide bacteria and archaea with sequence-specific immunity against bacteriophages, plasmids, and other mobile genetic elements. Bacteria and archaea become immune to phage or plasmid infections by inserting short pieces of the intruder DNA (spacer) site-specifically into the leader-repeat junction in a process called adaptation. Previous studies have shown that parts of the leader region, especially the 3′ end of the leader, are indispensable for adaptation. However, a comprehensive analysis of leader ends remains absent. Here, we have analyzed the leader, repeat, and Cas proteins from 167 type II-A CRISPR loci. Our results indicate two distinct conserved DNA motifs at the 3′ leader end: ATTTGAG (noted previously in the CRISPR1 locus ofStreptococcus thermophilusDGCC7710) and a newly defined CTRCGAG, associated with the CRISPR3 locus ofS. thermophilusDGCC7710. A third group with a very short CG DNA conservation at the 3′ leader end is observed mostly in lactobacilli. Analysis of the repeats and Cas proteins revealed clustering of these CRISPR components that mirrors the leader motif clustering, in agreement with the coevolution of CRISPR-Cas components. Based on our analysis of the type II-A CRISPR loci, we implicate leader end sequences that could confer site-specificity for the adaptation-machinery in the different subsets of type II-A CRISPR loci.
Lagrangian simulation of mixing and reactions in complex geochemical systems
Authors: Engdahl Nicholas B. , Benson David A. , Bolster Diogo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSimulations of detailed geochemical systems have traditionally been restricted to Eulerian reactive transport algorithms. This note introduces a Lagrangian method for modeling multicomponent reaction systems. The approach uses standard random walk‐based methods for the particle motion steps but allows the particles to interact with each other by exchanging mass of their various chemical species. The colocation density of each particle pair is used to calculate the mass transfer rate, which creates a local disequilibrium that is then relaxed back toward equilibrium using the reaction engine PhreeqcRM. The mass exchange is the only step where the particles interact and the remaining transport and reaction steps are entirely independent for each particle. Several validation examples are presented, which reproduce well‐known analytical solutions. These are followed by two demonstration examples of a competitive decay chain and an acid‐mine drainage system. The source code, entitled Complex Reaction on Particles (CRP), and files needed to run these examples are hosted openly on GitHub (https://github.com/nbengdahl/CRP), so as to enable interested readers to readily apply this approach with minimal modifications.
Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Bicyclization of 1,7‐Enynes toward Functionalized Sulfone‐Containing Benzo[a]fluoren‐5‐ones
Authors: Huang Min‐Hua , Zhu Yi‐Long , Hao Wen‐Juan , Wang Ai‐Fang , Wang De‐Cai , Liu Feng , Wei Ping , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Jiang Bo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA new visible‐light photocatalytic arylsulfonylation and bicyclization of C(sp3)‐tethered 1,7‐enynes with sulfinic acids has been developed, delivering functionalized sulfone‐containing benzo[a]fluoren‐5‐ones with generally good yields. This Eosin Y‐catalyzed approach makes use of visible light as a safe and eco‐friendly energy source to drive cascade cyclization reactions, resulting in continuous multiple bond‐forming events including C–S and C–C bonds to efficiently construct polycyclic‐linked alkyl aryl sulfones.magnified image
Monitoring Reactions on Solid Phases with Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Protasova Irina , Heißler Stefan , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe benefits of Raman spectroscopy were shown for the on‐bead monitoring of diverse reactions. Raman spectroscopy was used for the development of new procedures on established linker systems, the real‐time observation of several reactions on solid phases and the estimation of the reaction time for a new cleavage strategy. Selected conversions on solid phases, such as the on‐bead conversion of functional groups and the attachment of novel building blocks, were demonstrated. Raman spectra were obtained after isolation and purification of the solid supports, but they were also measured directly in the reaction vessels. Even the detection of Raman‐active functional groups in swollen polymer resins and in reaction mixtures was demonstrated, and allows real‐time observation of the progress of diverse reactions on solid supports.
Solid distribution and mixing time in stirred tanks: The case of floating particles
Authors: Paglianti Alessandro , Carletti Claudio , Busciglio Antonio , Montante Giuseppina 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis work concerns floating particle distribution and liquid mixing dynamics in a solid‐liquid stirred tank. Measurements of local solids concentration distribution at steady‐state conditions and of liquid homogenization in the presence of dispersed particles at transient conditions are collected with up‐pumping and down‐pumping pitched blade turbines. Electrical resistance tomography is the selected experimental technique for the data acquisition in the opaque solid‐liquid mixture. For the time dependent conductivity data processing, the same method commonly applied to the mixing time determination from planar laser induced fluorescence measurements is considered. The method is successfully extended to the characterization of liquid mixing with floating particles. The local data obtained by the ERT technique over the whole vessel volume are fully exploited. The robustness of the method for tackling conductivity variations close to the liquid free surface and due to the particles movement is assessed.
Two‐step principal component analysis for dynamic processes monitoring
Authors: Lou Zhijiang , Shen Dong , Wang Youqing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, a two‐step principal component analysis (TS‐PCA) is proposed to handle the dynamic characteristics of chemical industrial processes in both steady state and unsteady state. Differently from the traditional dynamic PCA (DPCA) dealing with the static cross‐correlation structure and dynamic auto‐correlation structure in process data simultaneously, TS‐PCA handles them in two steps: it first identifies the dynamic structure by using the least squares algorithm, and then monitors the innovation component by using PCA. The innovation component is time uncorrelated and independent of the initial state of the process. As a result, TS‐PCA can monitor the process in both steady state and unsteady state, whereas all other reported dynamic approaches are limited to only processes in steady state. Even tested in steady state, TS‐PCA still can achieve better performance than the existing dynamic approaches.
Effect of the Functionalization Process on the Colloidal, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Bioelimination Properties of Mono‐ or Bisphosphonate‐Anchored Dendronized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Walter Aurélie , Garofalo Antonio , Bonazza Pauline , Meyer Florent , Martinez Hervé , Fleutot Solenne , Billotey Claire , Taleb Jacqueline , Felder‐Flesch Delphine , Begin‐Colin Sylvie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe functionalization process of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is a major step and has to ensure a small particle size distribution (below 100 nm) and to preserve good magnetic properties suitable for in vivo applications. Two functionalization processes are here compared to coat iron oxide NPs, synthesized by thermal decomposition, with dendron molecules bearing either a mono‐ or a bisphosphonate anchoring group. The two processes are direct ligand exchange and the simultaneous ligand exchange and phase transfer process. The latter process led to a larger size distribution than the former. The phosphonate group is confirmed to be a strong anchoring agent from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and IR characterizations whatever the grafting process and the number of phosphonate groups, it also confirms the preservation of the NPs’ magnetic properties. All dendronized NPs display good in vitro MRI properties and those obtained by direct exchange showed no cell internalization, an efficient in vivo MRI contrast enhancement, and elimination by both urinary and hepato‐biliary ways.
The evolution of the major histocompatibility complex in upstream versus downstream river populations of the longnose dace
Authors: Crispo Erika , Tunna Haley R. , Hussain Noreen , Rodriguez Silvia S. , Pavey Scott A. , Jackson Leland J. , Rogers Sean M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPopulations in upstream versus downstream river locations can be exposed to vastly different environmental and ecological conditions and can thus harbor different genetic resources due to selection and neutral processes. An interesting question is how upstream–downstream directionality in rivers affects the evolution of immune response genes. We used next‐generation amplicon sequencing to identify eight alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II β exon 2 in the cyprinid longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) from three rivers in Alberta, upstream and downstream of municipal and agricultural areas along contaminant gradients. We used these data to test for directional and balancing selection on the MHC. We also genotyped microsatellite loci to examine neutral population processes in this system. We found evidence for balancing selection on the MHC in the form of increased nonsynonymous variation relative to neutral expectations, and selection occurred at more amino acid residues upstream than downstream in two rivers. We found this pattern despite no population structure or isolation by distance, based on microsatellite data, at these sites. Overall, our results suggest that MHC evolution is driven by upstream–downstream directionality in fish inhabiting this system.
Design of the effect of adaptive servo‐ventilation on survival and cardiovascular hospital admissions in patients with heart failure and sleep apnoea: the ADVENT‐HF trial
Authors: Lyons Owen D. , Floras John S. , Logan Alexander G. , Beanlands Robert , Cantolla Joaquin Durán , Fitzpatrick Michael , Fleetham John , John Kimoff R. , Leung Richard S.T. , Lorenzi Filho Geraldo , Mayer Pierre , Mielniczuk Lisa , Morrison Debra L. , Ryan Clodagh M. , Series Frederic , Tomlinson George A. , Woo Anna , Arzt Michael , Parthasarathy Sairam , Redolfi Stefania , Kasai Takatoshi , Parati Gianfranco , Delgado Diego H. , Bradley T. Douglas ,   for the ADVENT‐HF Investigators
Published: April 2017

IntroductionBoth types of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), obstructive and central sleep apnoea (OSA and CSA, respectively), are common in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In such patients, SDB is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but it remains uncertain whether treating SDB by adaptive servo‐ventilation (ASV) in such patients reduces morbidity and mortality.AimADVENT‐HF is designed to assess the effects of treating SDB with ASV on morbidity and mortality in patients with HFrEF.MethodsADVENT‐HF is a multicentre, multinational, randomized, parallel‐group, open‐label trial with blinded assessment of endpoints of standard medical therapy for HFrEF alone vs. with the addition of ASV in patients with HFrEF and SDB. Patients with a history of HFrEF undergo echocardiography and polysomnography. Those with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45% and SDB (apnoea–hypopnoea index ≥15) are eligible. SDB is stratified into OSA with ≥50% of events obstructive or CSA with >50% of events central. Those with OSA must not have excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth score of ≤10). Patients are then randomized to receive or not receive ASV. The primary outcome is the composite of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular hospital admissions, new‐onset atrial fibrillation requiring anti‐coagulation but not hospitalization, and delivery of an appropriate discharge from an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator not resulting in hospitalization during a maximum follow‐up time of 5 years.ConclusionThe ADVENT‐HF trial will help to determine whether treating SDB by ASV in patients with HFrEF improves morbidity and mortality.
Synthesis and characterization of a new biobased poly(urethane‐ester) from ricinoleic acid and its use as biopolymeric matrix for magnetic nanocomposites
Authors: Péres Eduardo Ulisses Xavier , Sousa Marcelo Henrique , Gomes de Souza Fernando , Machado Fabricio , Suarez Paulo Anselmo Ziani 
Published: April 2017

This work presents a new biobased poly(urethane‐ester) synthesized from ricinoleic acid (RA), 1,6‐diisocyanatehexane, and glycerol through bulk polymerization. RA‐modified magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, previously obtained through coprecipitation technique, were introduced in situ to produce a magnetic nanocomposite. DSC analyses revealed that the glass transition (Tg) of the biobased poly(urethane‐ester) was equal to −75°C, and for the magnetic biobased poly(urethane‐ester) the Tg was reduced in approximately 3°C. DTG analyses were used to measure the thermal stability and the amount of magnetic nanoparticle dispersed into the polymeric matrix, indicating that the polymeric materials exhibit good thermal stability and the fraction of nanoparticles dispersed into the biobased poly(urethane‐ester) matrix was equal to 2.19 wt%. Infrared spectroscopy and NMR were used to recognize functional groups in structures and follow the reaction evolution. Magnetic force, hysteresis loops and XRD essays used to provide magnetic features of the materials, showed that crystallite size of the mono domains was equal to 7.6 nm and that magnetic materials exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. GPC was used to evaluate average molar mass of polymer, determined equal to 2569 Da and molar mass dispersity equal to 2.4.Practical applications: Introducing magnetic nanoparticles into polymeric matrix leads to composites with unique properties, allowing different applications. Besides, the use of vegetable oils to produce polymer has many advantages such as biocompatibility and renewability. Due to their physico‐chemical and biocompatibility properties the magnetic nanocomposites using castor bean oil prepared in the present work may have potential candidates for several applications, like biomedical implants, tissue engineering, and controlled drug delivery.This article describes the preparation of a new biobased poly(urethane‐ester) synthesized from ricinoleic acid (RA), 1,6‐diisocyanatehexane, and glycerol and its use as polymeric matrix in magnetic nanocomposite. The polymer is characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, TG, and DSC. The composite is studied by magnetic force exhibiting superparamagnetic behavior.