bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of eumelanin‐inspired poly(indoylenearylenevinylene)s and poly(indoylenearyleneethynylene)s
Authors: Adhikari Santosh , Hopson RaiAnna A. , Sedai Bhishma R. , McFarland Frederick M. , Guo Song , Nelson Toby L. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTFour novel conjugated polymers containing the eumelanin‐inspired indole core have been successfully synthesized using common cross coupling reactions. These polymers differed by the arylene and the carbon–carbon bond linkage. Optoelectronic experiments of these polymers suggest that the ethynylene linkage contributed to the red‐shifted absorption spectra and blue‐shifted emission spectra when compared to the vinylene linkage polymers. Furthermore, the optical bandgaps of the poly(indoylenearyleneethynylene)s (PIAEs) were smaller compared to the poly(indoylenearylenevinylene)s (PIAVs). Surprisingly, the HOMOs of these polymers were less affected by the nature of the carbon–carbon linkage. However, the LUMOs of the PIAEs were lower in comparison to the PIAVs. These eumelanin‐inspired PIAEs and PIAVs are good fluorophores with fluorescence quantum yields ranging from 0.12 to 0.67 and have good thermal stability for applications such as in organic light‐emitting diodes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 457–463
Protein charge determination and implications for interactions in cell extracts
Authors: Kyne Ciara , Jordon Kiara , Filoti Dana I. , Laue Thomas M. , Crowley Peter B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDecades of dilute‐solution studies have revealed the influence of charged residues on protein stability, solubility and stickiness. Similar characterizations are now required in physiological solutions to understand the effect of charge on protein behavior under native conditions. Toward this end, we used free boundary and native gel electrophoresis to explore the charge of cytochrome c in buffer and in Escherichia coli extracts. We find that the charge of cytochrome c was ∼2‐fold lower than predicted from primary structure analysis. Cytochrome c charge was tuned by sulfate binding and was rendered anionic in E. coli extracts due to interactions with macroanions. Mutants in which three or four cationic residues were replaced with glutamate were charge‐neutral and “inert” in extracts. A comparison of the interaction propensities of cytochrome c and the mutants emphasizes the role of negative charge in stabilizing physiological environments. Charge–charge repulsion and preferential hydration appear to prevent aggregation. The implications for molecular organization in vivo are discussed.
Simultaneous automated design of structured QFT controller and prefilter using nonlinear programming
Authors: Purohit Harsh , Goldsztejn Alexandre , Jermann Christophe , Granvilliers Laurent , Goualard Frédéric , Nataraj P. S. V. , Patil Bhagyesh 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis paper describes a nonlinear programming‐based robust design methodology for controllers and prefilters of a predefined structure for the linear time‐invariant systems involved in the quantitative feedback theory. This controller and prefilter synthesis problem is formulated as a single optimization problem with a given performance optimization objective and constraints enforcing stability and various specifications usually enforced in the quantitative feedback theory. The focus is set on providing constraints expression that can be used in standard nonlinear programming solvers. The nonlinear solver then computes in a single‐step controller and prefilter design parameters that satisfy the prescribed constraints and maximizes the performance optimization objective. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a variety of difficult design cases like resonant plants, open‐loop unstable plants, and plants with variation in the time delay. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Stannyl‐Substituted d‐Glucal Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrostannation and Their Synthetic Applications
Authors: Shamim Anwar , Barbeiro Criatiane S. , Ali Bakhat , Stefani Hélio A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStannyl derivatives of 2‐alkenyl acetylated D‐glucals have been synthesized via palladium‐catalyzed regioselective hydrostannation in good yields under mild reaction conditions. Factors affecting the regioselectivity of hydrostannation including chelation by the neighbouring acetyl‐oxygen and the electronic effect of the substituent R on alkyne have been evaluated. The synthetic applications of these stannyl derivatives of D‐glucal are shown by performing Stille and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions to obtain a library of substituted 2‐alkenyl derivatives of D‐glucal.
Träger mit schlanken, wabenförmig strukturierten Stegen – Versuch und Simulation
Authors: Bartholomé Susanne , Pasternak Hartmut 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGeschweißte Stahlträger mit schlanken, wabenförmig strukturierten Stegen wurden auf ihre Schubtragfähigkeit getestet. Mit Versuchen und numerischen Berechnungen mit der FEM‐Software Abaqus konnte der Einfluss verschiedener Parameter wie Wabenhöhe, Wabenausrichtung, Schlüsselweite und Fügevariante auf das Beulverhalten dieser Träger analysiert werden.Girders with slender honeycombed structured webs – Experiment and simulation. Welded steel girders with slender, honeycombed structured webs under shear load were tested. To analyse the buckling behaviour of these girders, various parameters such as honeycomb height, orientation, key width and joining variant have been investigated by experiments and numerical calculations with the FEM software Abaqus.
Fachwerkträger mit I‐Profilen und eingeschlitzten Knotenblechen – Tragverhalten und Drucktragfähigkeit der Füllstäbe auf Basis von Großversuchen
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Kampleitner Andreas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFachwerkträger im Industrie‐ und Anlagenbau werden heutzutage oft zur Gänze aus gewalzten I‐Profilen gefertigt. Die Füllstäbe sind dabei nicht direkt an die Gurte angeschlossen, sondern in Knotenbleche eingeschlitzt. Schwerpunkt des Aufsatzes ist die Darstellung des Tragverhaltens derartiger Fachwerkträger, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Drucktragfähigkeit der Füllstäbe, auf Basis von insgesamt vier Großversuchen an einfeldrigen Trägern. Anhand von umfangreichen numerischen Traglaststudien an repräsentativen Ausführungen wurde ein einfaches Ingenieurmodell zur Drucktragfähigkeit von Diagonalstäben entwickelt, das anhand der Großversuche kalibriert werden konnte. Dieses Ingenieurmodell wird auch in Form eines Anwendungsbeispiels dargestellt. Bei Beschränkung der freien Knotenblechlänge zwischen Diagonal‐ und Gurtstab ist ein alleiniger modifizierter Knicknachweis ausreichend. Die Ergebnisse des Großversuchs dienten ebenfalls dazu, die Treffsicherheit üblicher Stabmodelle in der Praxis zu überprüfen (Durchbiegungen, Stabnormalkräfte) – auch darüber wird berichtet.Lattice girders with I‐section and slotted gusset plates – Load carrying behaviour and ultimate capacity of compression members based on full scale tests. Nowadays trusses are often designed with I‐sections only and no direct connection between the diagonal members and the chords. For the truss joints gusset plates – welded to the chords – are used, which are slotted for the welding connection to the diagonal member. The main focus in this paper is the specific stability behaviour of such diagonal members in compression, leading to an interaction behaviour of member buckling out of plane and local buckling of the gusset plates. The results of four full scale tests on a lattice girder are presented in detail. The compression member capacity of the tests is compared with the results of a FE‐model, considering the measured geometric imperfections. Based on comprehensive FE‐studies a simple design model for the prediction of the ultimate capacity of the compression members was developed. This model, with an example to show how to use it, is also presented. Finally the overall load carrying behaviour of the truss in the test is analysed and compared with simplified models for global analyses, both for the load – deformation behaviour and for the relationship between load and member axial force.
Sichtprüfungen und Dämmschichtbildner auf Stahl
Authors: Brux Gunther 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBrandschutzbeschichtungen wurden schon vor über 50 Jahren erfolgreich im Bauwesen eingesetzt, um die Auswirkungen von Bränden wesentlich zu verringern. Die zu erwartende Lebensdauer von Beschichtungen und Bauteilen von Gebäuden im Bestand sind im Allgemeinen nur grobe Schätzungen (Bilder 1 und 2). Im Mittel haben die Tragsysteme selbst eine Lebenserwartung von etwa 60 bis 100 Jahren. Näher eingegangen wird auf die Möglichkeit, Schäden an solchen Beschichtungen möglichst frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu beseitigen, um die Lebensdauer der Beschichtungen und Bauwerke zu verlängern.
Knowledge and Self‐Esteem of Individuals with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)
Authors: Rosnau Kayla , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , Northrup Hope , Slopis John , Noblin Sarah , Ashfaq Myla 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNeurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a progressive genetic disorder characterized by physical findings such as café‐au‐lait macules, Lisch nodules, and neurofibromas in addition to other medical complications. Learning and social problems are more prevalent among individuals affected with NF1. It has been reported that people with NF1 have lower self‐esteem (SE) when compared to the general population. Additionally, a study published over 20 years ago found that overall knowledge of NF1 was lacking in individuals affected with the condition. The goals of our study were to evaluate NF1 knowledge in adolescents and adults with the condition, as well as to determine if there is a link between patient knowledge and SE. Furthermore, we explored the impact of other factors, such as attendance at a NF1 support group and having a family history of NF1, on knowledge and SE. A survey comprised of knowledge‐based questions and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale was distributed to individuals with NF1 through the Texas NF Foundation. Overall, the 49 respondents (13 to 73 years of age) had a mean knowledge score of 77.9 % correct answers. Consistent with previous studies, the SE of our study population was lower when compared to general population norms. Although no correlation between knowledge and SE was observed, SE scores were on average higher if a person reported the following: having friends with NF1 (p = 0.009); attending a NF1 support group (p = 0.006); receiving care at a NF clinic (p = 0.049); or having received genetic counseling (p = 0.008). Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between these factors and SE in the NF1 population.
Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Reducing Falls and Improving Gait Parameters in Multiple Sclerosis and Stroke
Authors: Gervasoni Elisa , Parelli Riccardo , Uszynski Marcin , Crippa Alessandro , Marzegan Alberto , Montesano Angelo , Cattaneo Davide 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundLoss of neuromuscular control of the ankle joint is a common impairment in neurologic conditions, leading to abnormal gait and a greater risk of falling. Limited information, however, is available on the effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on reducing falls, and no studies have investigated its usefulness in improving lower limbs kinematics related to foot clearance and energy recovery.SettingClinical setting.Study DesignProspective longitudinal study.ParticipantsTwenty‐four subjects, 14 people with multiple sclerosis (mean age ± standard deviation 50.93 ± 8.72 years) and 10 people with stroke (55.38 ± 14.55 years).MethodsThe number of falls was assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks, and a clinical assessment was performed at the baseline, 4‐week, and 8‐week time points. A subsample of the 24 subjects comprising 5 people with multiple sclerosis and 5 people with stroke performed a gait analysis assessment at baseline and after 4 weeks. After receiving the equipment and the training schedule, subjects performed daily home walking training using FES for 8 weeks.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe main outcomes were (1) the number of falls, (2) foot clearance, and (3) energy recovery.ResultsA reduction in the number of falls was observed from baseline (n = 10) to the 8‐week assessment (n = 2), P = .02. Foot clearance increased (+5.26 mm, P = .04) between the baseline without FES and at 4 weeks with FES (total effect). No statistically significant differences were found in energy recovery between baseline and 4 weeks.ConclusionsThe use of FES had an impact on gait, specifically reducing the number of falls and improving walking. A specific effect at the ankle joint was observed, increasing foot clearance during the swing phase of gait. This effect was not accompanied with a reduction in the energetic expenditure during walking in subjects with multiple sclerosis and stroke.
Comparison of geodetic and glaciological mass budgets for White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, Canada
Authors: THOMSON LAURA I. , ZEMP MICHAEL , COPLAND LUKE , COGLEY J. GRAHAM , ECCLESTONE MILES A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis study presents the first reanalysis of a long-term glacier mass-balance record in the Canadian Arctic. The reanalysis is accomplished through comparison of the 1960–2014 glaciological mass-balance record of White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, with a geodetically derived mass change over the same period. The corrections applied to homogenize the two datasets, including adjusting for changes in hypsometry over the period of record and the generic differences between methods, are discussed along with the associated systematic and random errors of the two forms of mass-balance measurement. Statistical comparison of the two datasets reveals that within the error margin there is no significant difference between the average annual glaciological balance (–213 ± 28 mm w.e. a−1) and geodetic balance (–178 ± 16 mm w.e. a−1) at White Glacier over the 54 year record. The validity of this result, and the assumptions made in implementing the glaciological method, are critically assessed.
A small-bodied species of Brontotheriidae from the middle Eocene Nut Beds of the Clarno Formation, John Day Basin, Oregon
Authors: Mihlbachler Matthew C. , Samuels Joshua X. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe diagnose a new species of Brontotheriidae from a middle Eocene locality, the Clarno Nut Beds, from the Clarno Formation, John Day Basin, Central Oregon. Though renowned for its richness in fossil flora, fossil vertebrates are rare in the Clarno Nut Beds and this new species is the most abundantly represented mammal. Radiometric dating constrains the age of the Nut Beds fauna to about 43.76 Ma within the Uintan North American Land Mammal Age. This new taxon, represented by numerous cranial, mandibular, and dental specimens, is comparatively small for a brontothere and notable for its cranio-caudally shorted nasal incision, a trait shared with three larger-bodied middle Eocene species,Metatelmatherium ultimum,Wickia brevirhinus, andSthenodectes incisivum. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the sister taxon of the Nut Beds brontothere could be one of two species—Wickia brevirhinusfrom the Sand Wash Basin of Colorado and Washakie Formation of Wyoming, orMetatelmatherium ultimum, a pan-Beringian species known from the Uintan Formation of Utah (and other Uintan age deposits) and the “Irdin Manha” Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. Phylogenetic results also indicate that the Nut Beds brontothere is a dwarf taxon. Though brontotheres are renowned for having evolved very large body sizes, this new brontothere is one of several discovered in recent decades that suggest evolutionary reductions in body size may have been relatively common in Brontotheriidae.
Continuity in the Use of Shallow Sites of the Salado River Basin in the Pampean Region, Argentina
Authors: Frère María Magdalena , González María Isabel , Greco Catriel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article presents 24 radiocarbon dates of different materials (animal and human bones, charcoal, and pottery) recovered from hunter-gatherer-fisher archaeological sites from the Salado River microregion, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. We used a microregional design strategy, and considered the 14C dates as a group to analyze them with Bayesian statistics. This was essential to the analysis of the chronology of these shallow sites, in which the soil dynamics add the archaeological materials into the A horizon sedimentary matrix. In these types of sites, the occupational events are difficult to identify, so archaeological indicators are needed to assess the temporal contexts.
Molecular identification of the rumen flukes Paramphistomum leydeni and Paramphistomum cervi in a concurrent infection of the red deer Cervus elaphus
Authors: Sindičić M. , Martinković F. , Strišković T. , Špehar M. , Štimac I. , Bujanić M. , Konjević D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractParamphistomosis, caused by paramphistomid flukes, is a gastrointestinal parasitic disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Originally thought to be limited to the tropics and subtropics, the disease has recently been reported in temperate regions. Here we describe the concurrent infection of a red deer doe (Cervus elaphus) with Paramphistomum leydeni and Paramphistomum cervi. This is the first report of P. leydeni in Croatia. Flukes were identified on the basis of morphological keys (tegumental papillae) and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 in ribosomal DNA. Our results confirm that the absence of tegumental papillae allows P. cervi to be differentiated morphologically from other paramphistomid species in Europe based on incident light stereomicroscopy. Nevertheless the limitations of morphological identification and taxonomic issues suggest that previous findings on paramphistomid infection should be interpreted carefully. The possible worldwide distribution of these pathogens means that paramphistomosis may be more common and its economic impact greater than previously thought.
Parasite communities and infection levels of the invasive Chinese sleeper Perccottus glenii (Actinopterygii: Odontobutidae) from the Naab river basin, Germany
Authors: Kvach Y. , Janáč M. , Nehring S. , Ondračková M. , Jurajda P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Chinese sleeper (Perccottus glenii), an invasive Asian fish, was first registered in Germany in 2009 (westernmost extent of its invasive range). We sampled Chinese sleepers from two localities on the Bücherlgraben creek (a tributary of the River Naab) in south-eastern Germany in November 2015 and examined them for parasite infection. Twelve taxa were registered, including ciliates (unidentified Trichodina), a monogenean, three cestode species, two digenean taxa, two acanthocephalan species, two nematode species and one mollusc glochidia. Infracommunities consisted of 1–5 species, with 10% of fish uninfected. Three parasite species (Acanthocephalus anguillae, Gyrodactylus luciopercae and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa) were recorded on Chinese sleepers for the first time. The results highlight the important role of the Chinese sleeper as a second intermediate host in the life cycle of heron and grebe parasites. The Chinese sleeper parasite community displayed low homogeneity at both localities sampled, with allogenic parasites (metacercariae and mesocercoids) mostly shared. Differences between localities were mainly caused by autogenic parasites. No invasive parasites associated with the Chinese sleeper were observed in the study area, all parasites being representatives of European fauna. This supports the hypothesis of introduction via the aquarium trade or through transport with commercial fish.
The construction of citizenship and the public provision of electricity during the 2014 World Cup in Ghana
Authors: MacLean Lauren M. , Bob-Milliar George M. , Baldwin Elizabeth , Dickey Elisa 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWhy did the Ghanaian state go to such extraordinary lengths to facilitate the reliable broadcast of the World Cup in 2014? During a period of frequent power outages, Ghana swapped power with regional neighbours and directed major domestic industries to reduce production in order to allow Ghanaians to watch their national soccer team compete in the World Cup. This paper investigates the politics of the public service provision of electricity in Ghana. We focus on the short-term crisis during the 2014 World Cup to reveal the citizens' and politicians' expectations about electricity as a public good. Drawing on an analysis of archival documents, Ghanaian newspapers, and interviews with government, business, and NGO officials in the energy sector, we argue that the Ghanaian state historically has created the expectation of electricity as a right of national citizenship and explore how this intersects with competitive party politics today.
Between the market and the state: the capacity of business associations for policy engagement in Uganda
Authors: Kuteesa Annette , Mawejje Joseph 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study assesses the capabilities of business associations for conducting meaningful policy engagements with government. Using information from 21 associations and five state institutions, this work investigates the level of autonomy and ability of business associations to coordinate and order their interests for policy decision-making. Findings reveal that the ability to organise an association's own interests is hindered by weak systems and internal structures, especially at sub-sector level. Most associations are financially weak, have limited professional expertise and experience a low level of commitment from members, which affects their capacity for autonomy. It is important that business associations create regulations to make membership ties binding, so as to strengthen their influence on policy. Associations should also be more aggressive in mobilising finances, and they should identify synergies and develop partnerships with the state to build their capacity for participating in policy-making.
THE RELIC AND THE RUIN: EQUIVOCAL OBJECTS AND THE PRESENCE OF THE PAST INDANIEL DERONDA
Authors: Jacob Priyanka Anne 
Published: November 2016

Early in George Eliot'sDaniel Deronda, Daniel's life is set on a decisive new path by his fleeting attraction to an object in a shop window. He is turning into a side street off Holburn Road when:his attention was caught by some fine old clasps in chased silver displayed in the window at his right hand. His first thought was that [his aunt] Lady Mallinger, who had a strictly Protestant taste for such Catholic spoils, might like to have these missal-clasps turned into a bracelet; then his eyes travelled over the other contents of the window, and he saw that the shop was that kind of pawnbroker's where the lead is given to jewellery, lace, and all equivocal objects introduced asbric-a-brac. A placard in one corner announced –Watches and Jewellery exchanged and repaired. (344; bk. 4, ch. 6)Daniel then moves across the street to avoid the shopkeeper, and it is only from this new vantage point that he notices the name “Ezra Cohen” above the window – the name he's been seeking while wandering Jewish neighborhoods in London in the hopes of reuniting his protégée Mirah with her family. He will return to the pawnshop later and become acquainted with the Cohens, eventually finding through them his mentor and Mirah's actual brother, Mordecai. Although some discussion of the silver clasps ensues, they are neither purchased nor used in the space of the novel. Still, this seemingly inconsequential trinket proves to have a long history, one that raises questions about the lingering remains of the past, the equivocality of the object, and the dispossessions that hauntDaniel Deronda.