bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5MeCDDO Blocks Metabolic Activation but not Progression of Breast, Intestine, and Tongue Cancers. Is Antioxidant Response Element a Prevention Target?
Authors: Lubet Ronald A. , Townsend Reid , Clapper Margie L. , Juliana M. Margaret , Steele Vernon E. , McCormick David L. , Grubbs Clinton J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The preventive efficacy of the triterpenoid 5MeCDDO was tested in two models of mammary cancer, the Min model of intestinal cancer, and a chemically induced model of head and neck cancer. In one model of mammary cancer, female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered MNU at 50 days of age, and 5MeCDDO (27 ppm) was administered in the diet beginning 5 days later for the duration of the study; 5MeCDDO was ineffective. In contrast, in a model examining initiation of mammary cancers by the procarcinogen dimethyl-benzanthracene, 5, 6-benzoflavone (500 ppm, an Ah receptor agonist) or 5MeCDDO (27 or 2.7 ppm) decreased tumor multiplicity by 90%, 80%, and 50%, respectively. This anti-initiating effect which is presumably mediated by altered metabolic activation parallels our observation that 5MeCDDO induced proteins of various antioxidant response element (ARE)-related phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes [e.g., GST Pi, AKR 7A3 (aflatoxicol), epoxide hydrolase, and quinone reductase] in the liver. 5MeCDDO tested in the 4-nitroquinoline-l-oxide (4-NQO) head and neck cancer model failed to decrease tumor incidence or invasiveness. In the Min mouse model of intestinal cancer, a high dose of 5MeCDDO (80 ppm) was weakly effective in reducing adenoma multiplicity [∼30% (P &lt; 0.05)]; however, a lower dose was totally ineffective. These findings question whether measuring increased levels of certain ARE-related genes (e.g., quinone reductase, GST Pi), indicating decreased carcinogen activation are sufficient to imply general chemopreventive efficacy of a given agent or mixture. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 616–23. ©2016 AACR.
Cartografias, imagens e outras expressões gráficas: O contexto da crise hídrica
Authors: Théry Hervé , Mello-Théry Neli Aparecida de 
Published: May 2016

O Brasil está incluído entre os países de maior reserva de água doce, com 13,8% do deflúvio médio mundial e uma disponibilidade hídrica per capita variando de 1 835 m3/hab./ano, na bacia hidrográfica do Atlântico Leste, a 628 938 m3/hab./ano, na bacia Amazônica. A disponibilidade de água é de fato extremamente desigual, opondo a região Norte, a melhor dotada, ao Nordeste, cujo interior é marcado por um clima semiárido, ao qual se agrega o solo permeável, que provoca a frequente intermitência dos rios. A presença de grandes aquíferos subterrâneos atenua esse déficit, mas apenas parcialmente. Assunção & Bursztyn identificaram que 68,5% da água disponível no Brasil situa-se na Amazônia e 15,7% no Centro-Oeste, as regiões menos povoadas, enquanto que nas três regiões mais povoadas, o Sul tem apenas 6,5%, o Sudeste 6% e o Nordeste 3,3 % dos recursos hídricos. A crise que vive atualmente São Paulo não é puramente conjuntural, mas estruturalmente relacionada a uma situação ou um Estado muito populoso e mais ainda uma das maiores cidades mundiais tem recursos hídricos muito reduzidos.
On-Orbit Absolute Calibration of the Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager
Authors: Wentz Frank J. , Draper David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory was launched on 27 February 2014. One of the principal instruments on the spacecraft is the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI). This paper describes the absolute calibration of the GMI antenna temperature (TA) and the earth brightness temperature (TB). The deep-space observations taken on 20 May 2014, supplemented by nadir-viewing data, are used for the TA calibration. Data from two backlobe maneuvers are used to determine the primary reflector’s cold-space spillover, which is required to convert the TA into TB. The calibrated GMI observations are compared to predictions from an ocean radiative transfer model (RTM) using collocated WindSat ocean retrievals as input. The mean difference when averaged globally over 13 months does not exceed 0.1 K for any of the nine channels from 11 to 89 GHz. The RTM comparisons also show that there are no significant solar intrusion errors in the GMI hot load. The absolute accuracy of the GMI instrument is defined as the average ocean-viewing error of the measured TA or TB relative to the true TA or TB. Based on the analyses herein, the GMI absolute accuracy for TA is estimated to be about 0.1 K rms over all channels and 0.25 K rms over all channels for TB.
Toxic Memories?
Authors: Ulfe María Eugenia , Ríos Vera Lucía 
Published: May 2016

Memory museums exist as markers in the public domain; meanings and practices are created around them and assigned uses and silences. The Museum of the National Directorate against Terrorism in Peru displays artworks and archives seized from members of the Shining Path Communist Party of Peru and the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement and can be visited only with a special permit. The memories it contains are considered “toxic” and are exhibited in a private instead of a public space. This space cannot be understood as a “museum of conscience” or a “site of memory.” Victims are not dignified there, and no symbolic reparations are made. It houses memories in the form of artwork, books, and memorabilia of those who because of their participation in the armed groups during the conflict have been denied the status of victims as defined in the country’s reparations program. Los museos de la memoria funcionan como marcadores simbólicos en el ámbito público; se construyen significados y prácticas alrededor de ellos y se les asignan usos y silencios. El Museo del Directorio Nacional en Contra del Terrorismo en el Perú muestra el trabajo artístico y los archivos incautados a los miembros del Partido Comunista del Perú-Sendero Luminoso y del Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru. El museo sólo puede visitarse con un permiso especial. Los objetos que se exhiben son considerados “tóxicos” y se exhiben en un espacio privado en vez de un espacio público. Este espacio no se puede entender como un “museo de la conciencia” o un “lugar de la memoria.” Aquí las víctimas no son dignificadas, y tampoco reciben reparaciones simbólicas. El museo alberga memorias o recuerdos (libros, dibujos, recuerdos personales) de aquéllos a quienes se les ha negado la condición de víctimas, tal como está definida en el programa de reparaciones del país, debido a su participación en los grupos armados durante el conflicto.
Public and Private Sector Dynamics in Scaling Up Rice Fortification
Authors: Tsang Becky L. , Moreno Ralfh , Dabestani Nazila , Pachón Helena , Spohrer Rebecca , Milani Peiman 
Published: May 2016

Background: Fortification of cereal grains with at least iron or folic acid is legislated in 85 countries worldwide. Relative to wheat and maize flour, rice fortification is relatively new and provides an opportunity to deliver essential micronutrients to populations that consume rice as a dietary staple. Objective: To describe miller and public sector experiences and perspectives on rice fortification with micronutrients in Colombia and offer recommendations for policy makers. Methods: Interviews with Colombian rice millers, research and development personnel, and public sector leaders; desk review of key documents. Results: In Colombia, rice fortified with micronutrients is market driven and a few very large rice millers, currently representing about 35% of the market, have voluntarily fortified rice since 2002. The technology used (spraying) is unique to Colombia and to date there is no independent verification of nutrient retention after washing and cooking rice fortified through this technology. Millers are unwilling to switch to more proven methods, such as extrusion or coating, which will incur higher capital investment and recurring costs. Despite interest from multiple stakeholders between 2002 and 2011, mandatory rice fortification is not part of the Colombian government policy as of July 2015. Conclusion: Rice fortified with micronutrients through spraying technology has achieved moderate coverage in Colombia, but the technology is unproven, its effectiveness unknown, and public health impact likely limited. For rice fortification to be an effective nutrition intervention to improve micronutrient status, policy makers should explore standards to guide industry and improvements to regulatory capacity.
Monitoring activity of inpatient lower limb prosthetic users in rehabilitation using accelerometry: Validation study
Authors: Salih Salih A , Peel Nancye M , Burgess Kara 
Published: May 2016

Purpose Due to limited accuracy of self-reported activities of lower limb prosthetic users, there is increasing interest in providing accurate walking time for those who are mobilising using their prosthesis in the rehabilitation ward. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of a tri axial accelerometer (ActivPAL) in measuring walking activity of amputee patients while using their prosthetic limb. Method For the study, 21 subjects wore accelerometer devices taped to the thigh on both the amputated and non-amputated side. Each subject was asked to perform a set of activity routines: walking with prosthesis for 5 minutes, self-propelling in a wheel chair for 3 minutes and being pushed in a wheel chair for 3 minutes. Each activity was observed and timed by a physiotherapist and the observed times were compared with the output from accelerometer monitoring. Results Using the Bland–Altman method, the mean difference between observed and ActivPal monitor for total time spent walking for the non-amputated side was 0.004 seconds (limits of agreement −0.09 to 0.10 seconds) and for amputated side was 0.11 seconds (limits of agreement −0.43 to 0.66 seconds). An analysis between monitored and observed time found the sensitivity for the non-amputated side was 90.5% and 86% for the amputated side. Conclusion The use of ActivPAL accelerometers in measuring walking time for an individual using a prosthesis is within acceptable levels of accuracy for continuous ambulation monitoring. It has potentially important clinical application for prescribing prostheses.
Small-vessel occlusion versus large-artery atherosclerotic strokes in diabetics: Patient characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of stroke mechanism
Authors: Ntaios G , Milionis H , Vemmos K , Makaritsis K , Ferrari J , Strbian D , Curtze S , Tatlisumak T , Michel P , Papavasileiou V 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Diabetes mellitus exerts a detrimental effect on cerebral vasculature affecting both macrovasculature and microvasculature. However, although ischaemic stroke is typically included among macrovascular diabetic complications, it is frequently omitted from microvascular diabetic complications. We aimed to compare the proportion of large-artery atherosclerotic and small-vessel occlusion strokes among diabetic stroke patients, explore their differences and outcomes, and assess potential mechanisms which may determine why some diabetic patients suffer large-artery atherosclerotic stroke whereas others suffer small-vessel occlusion stroke. Methods We pooled data of diabetic patients from four prospective ischaemic stroke registries (Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL), Athens, Austrian, and Helsinki Stroke Thrombolysis Registries). Stroke severity and prognosis were assessed with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and ASTRAL scores, respectively; functional outcome with three-month modified Rankin score (0–2 considered as favourable outcome). Logistic-regression analysis identified independent predictors of large-artery atherosclerotic stroke. Results Among 5412 patients, 1069 (19.8%) were diabetics; of them, 232 (21.7%) had large-artery atherosclerotic and 205 (19.2%) small-vessel occlusion strokes. Large-artery atherosclerotic stroke had higher severity than small-vessel occlusion stroke (median NIHSS: 6 vs. 3, p < 0.001), worse prognosis (median ASTRAL score: 23 vs. 19, p < 0.001), and worse three-month outcome (60.3% vs. 83.4% with favourable outcome, p < 0.001). In logistic-regression analysis, peripheral artery disease (odds ratio: 4.013, 95% confidence interval: 1.667–9.665, p < 0.01) and smoking (odds ratio: 1.706, 95% confidence interval: 1.087–2.675, p < 0.05) were independently associated with large-artery atherosclerotic strokes. Conclusion In the diabetic stroke population, small-vessel occlusion and large-artery atherosclerotic strokes occur with similar frequency. Large-artery atherosclerotic strokes are more severe and have worse outcome than small-vessel occlusion strokes. The presence of peripheral artery disease and smoking independently predicted large-artery atherosclerotic stroke.
Bypassing primary stroke centre reduces delay and improves outcomes for patients with large vessel occlusion
Authors: Mohamad Niwar Faisal , Hastrup Sidsel , Rasmussen Mads , Andersen Mikkel Strømgaard , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Andersen Grethe , Simonsen Claus Ziegler 
Published: May 2016

Objective In large-vessel occlusion, endovascular therapy is superior to medical management alone in achieving recanalisation. Reducing time delays to revascularisation in patients with large-vessel occlusion is important to improving outcome. Patients and methods A campaign was implemented in the Central Denmark Region targeting the identification of patients with large-vessel occlusion for direct transport to a comprehensive stroke centre. Time delays and outcomes before and after the intervention were assessed. Results A total of 476 patients (153 pre-intervention and 323 post-intervention) were included. They were treated with either intravenous tissue plasminogen activator or endovascular treatment (alone or in combination with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator). Endovascular therapy patients’ median system delay was reduced from 234 to 185 min (adjusted relative risk delay 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.67–0.93)). The in-hospital delay was the main driver with an adjusted relative risk delay of 0.76 (confidence interval: 0.62–0.94), while pre-hospital delay was almost significantly reduced with an adjusted relative delay of 0.86 (confidence interval: 0.71–1.04). This was achieved without increasing the intravenous tissue plasminogen activator-treated patients’ delay. Significantly more patients treated with endovascular therapy in the post-interventional period achieved functional independence (62% versus 43%), corresponding to an adjusted odds ratio of 3.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.08–8.78). Conclusion Direct transfer of patients with suspected large-vessel occlusion to a comprehensive stroke centre leads to shorter treatment times for endovascular therapy patients and is, in turn, associated with an increase in functional independence. We recorded no adverse effects on intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment times or outcome.
How I treat mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Authors: Whittaker Sean , Hoppe Richard , Prince H. Miles 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma variant and is closely related to a rare leukemic variant, Sézary syndrome (SS). MF patients at risk of disease progression can now be identified and an international consortium has been established to address the prognostic relevance of specific biologic factors and define a prognostic index. There are a lack of randomized clinical trial data in MF/SS and evidence is based on a traditional “stage-based” approach; treatment of early-stage disease (IA-IIA) involves skin directed therapies which include topical corticosteroids, phototherapy (psoralen with UVA or UVB), topical chemotherapy, topical bexarotene, and radiotherapy including total skin electron beam therapy. Systemic approaches are used for refractory early-stage and advanced-stage disease (IIB-IV) and include bexarotene, interferon α, extracorporeal photopheresis, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and antibody therapies such as alemtuzumab, systemic chemotherapy, and allogeneic transplantation. However, despite the number of biologic agents available, the treatment of advanced-stage disease still represents an unmet medical need with short duration of responses. Encouragingly, randomized phase 3 trials are assessing novel agents, including brentuximab vedotin and the anti-CCR4 antibody, mogamulizumab. A broader understanding of the biology of MF/SS will hopefully identify more effective targeted therapies.
The Pulled Back View: The Illustrated Life of Ippen and the Visibility of Karma in Medieval Japan
Authors: Foxwell Chelsea 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Ippen hijiri-e (Illustrated Life of the Holy Man Ippen, 1299) by En'i is distinctive among medieval Japanese hagiographic emaki (picture handscrolls) for its use of a high, distant vantage point in each of the forty-eight scenes. This article situates the Ippen within the development of the landscape handscroll in East Asia. While the Ippen is usually understood as a biographical narative, it can also be seen as an ink landscape journey in handscroll form. A comparison between the Ippen hijiri-e, the Shōjūraigoji Six Realms paintings (before 1307), and the Yamai no sōshi (Scroll of Afflictions, 12th–13th centuries) suggests that the pulled back view also emphasizes the karmic interweaving of actions and individuals in the larger world.
Painted Palm-Leaf Manuscripts and the Art of the Book in Medieval South Asia
Authors: Kim Jinah 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
What was the main principle behind the design strategies developed to prepare painted palm-leaf manuscripts in medieval South Asia? How did various Indic religious communities design their manuscripts? By bringing together surviving painted manuscripts of heterogeneous religious traditions as well as contemporaneous sculptural representations and textual sources relating to the ritual practices involving books, this study suggests that a book was conceived and designed as a temple in Indic context. Taking innovative design strategies of twelfth-century Buddhist manuscripts as a starting point, it also demonstrates how a larger, architectural approach can help us better understand the art of the book in India.
Made by the Empire: Wang Xizhi's Xingrangtie and Its Paradoxes
Authors: Kern Martin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The essay explores the history of one of the most celebrated pieces of Chinese calligraphy, an early Tang tracing copy of Ritual to Pray for Good Harvest (Xingrangtie) by Wang Xizhi (303–ca. 361). The Tang paper slip with its fifteen characters is merely 8.9 cm wide but embedded into a scroll of 372 cm, with seals and colophons from three Chinese emperors and an illustrious line of connoisseurs. The essay explores the numerous paradoxes in the reception of both the scroll and the Wang Xizhi persona, with the scroll exemplifying the constructed nature of Wang's persona in its dialectic relationship to Chinese imperial culture.
Oxidative metabolism of neutrophils in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Demidchik Lyudmila Andreevna , Lee Valentina Vitalyevna , Muravlyova Larissa Yevgenyevna , Molotov-Luchanskiy Vilen Borisovich , Bakirova Ryszhan Yemelyevna , Klyuyev Dmitriy Anatolyevich , Kolesnikova Yevgeniya Alexandrovna 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
At the present time, available views show our limited knowledge of the peculiarities of the functional status of neutrophils and their metabolism in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The studying of changes of metabolic status of neutrophils can broaden our views about pneumonia pathogenesis and define datum points of therapeutic effect.
Purpose of our research: to define oxidative stress activity and the level of oxidative modification of proteins of neutrophils in CAP patients.
Materials and methods: neutrophils obtained from 23 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Control group consisting of 19 healthy volunteers. The reactive carbonyl derivatives of proteins and advanced oxidation protein products were defined so as to assess the oxidative damage of proteins. The malondialdehyde and nitrite ions were assessed as being indicators of the oxidative stress. The neutrophils of CAP patients with moderate severity were characterized by a tendency of evidencing decreasing content of advanced oxidation protein products, along with the statistically important enhanced levels of carbonyl derivatives and nitrite ions, while their malondialdehyde status practically leveled off with the control and had only an insignificant trend towards growth. We have demonstrated the accumulation of carbonyl derivatives and nitrite ions in the peripheral neutrophils of CAP patients. These results give evidence of an oxidative misbalance in the cells which contributes to the aggravation of the disease.
Characteristics of oral probiotics – a review
Authors: Chalas Renata , Janczarek Magdalena , Bachanek Teresa , Mazur Elzbieta , Cieszko-Buk Maria , Szymanska Jolanta 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Probiotics are a group of microorganisms able to have a positive influence on a host organism when applied in adequate amounts. They are grouped either as: bacteria (mainly Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium) or fungi (Saccharomyces boulardii). Recent studies have revealed many opportunities for their use in several fields of medicine, such as in: reducing the level of cholesterol in the body, cancer therapy, human immune system regulation, skin regeneration, pancreas necrosis, cirrhosis of liver treatment, regulation of post- antibiotic bowel function, constipation and digestive disorders in infants. Probiotics efficacy has also been demonstrated in oral cavity malfunctions. With the use of modern scientific methods, probiotics have the potential to become an important part of the daily diet and a natural drug supplementation in severe diseases.
“That There Be No Schisms among You”
Authors: Kaminska Barbara A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This essay analyzes an early series of paintings by an Antwerp artist Martin de Vos, commissioned around 1568 by a local entrepreneur and a leading figure of the Calvinist community, Gillis Hooftman, specifically for the dining hall of his residence. The cycle comprised five panels, three of which are still extant: Saint Paul and Saint Barnabas at Lystra, Saint Paul and the Silversmith Demetrius, and Saint Paul on Malta. On the one hand, the series’ focus on the apostolic mission of Saint Paul corresponds with the diversity of Antwerp’s population, and, on the other hand, matches the universal interest in Pauline theology among Catholics and Protestants alike. Therefore, the paintings accommodated different confessional interpretations, while simultaneously precluding accusations of heresy. I further propose that they were actively incorporated into dining rituals and stimulated amicable learned conversations (convivia) among Hooftman’s guests, who indeed represented diverse sectarian beliefs. Finally, I link the paintings’ iconography and the conciliatory spirit of convivia with the preaching of Antonio del Corro, a former Spanish monk active in Antwerp, who fashioned his identity after Saint Paul, and make a case that de Vos’ panels functioned as a visual equivalent of del Corro’s irenic theology.
Is calomel truly a poison and what happens when it enters the human stomach? A study from the thermodynamic viewpoint
Authors: Nikolaychuk Pavel Anatolyevich 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe chemical and electrochemical equilibria involving mercurous and mercuric chlorides in the conditions, corresponding to the human stomach environment, were studied from the point of view of chemical thermodynamics. The Gibbs free energies of formation of various mercury and chlorine compounds, the equilibrium constants, and the electrode potentials of reactions involving these compounds at 37°C were calculated. The potential-pH diagrams of