bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rendimiento de los titulados en Psicología en las pruebas de acceso al PIR
Authors: Expósito-Casas Eva , González-Benito Ana , López-Martín Esther , Moreno-Pulido Alexis 
Published: October 2016

ResumenEntre las titulaciones más demandadas por parte de los futuros estudiantes universitarios, figura el Grado en Psicología. Este interés ha traído consigo un incremento de la oferta de plazas en los últimos años, tanto en universidades públicas como privadas, y, consecuentemente, un aumento del número de egresados con dicho perfil académico/profesional. Dentro de las posibles salidas profesionales de estos titulados, se encuentra el acceso al Sistema Nacional de Salud. Para ello, los candidatos deben superar previamente las pruebas selectivas de acceso a plazas de formación sanitaria especializada, tras lo cual, aquellos que obtienen plaza, se incorporan al sistema de formación de posgrado en régimen de residencia (Psicólogo Interno Residente -PIR-). El presente trabajo analiza el rendimiento de los egresados de las distintas Facultades de Psicología españolas en las pruebas de acceso al Sistema Nacional de Salud durante el periodo 2013-2016, y las posibles diferencias en función de variables como el tamaño o la titularidad de las universidades. El carácter nacional de la convocatoria y la objetividad de las pruebas, hacen posible evaluar el impacto educativo y laboral de estas instituciones, incorporando al enfoque de la rendición de cuentas una dimensión social. AbstractThe university degree in Psychology is one of the most popular among prospective university students. As a result, Spanish public and private universities have increased the amount of places and the number of university graduates in Psychology. Access to the National Health System is one professional possibil­ity for these graduates. Applicants must pass an exam to obtain an Internship in Clinical Psychology at the National Health System. This paper analyses the graduate’s exam performance during the period 2013-2016, and also possible differences depending on the size or the ownership of their universities of origin. The objectivity of the national call makes it possible to evaluate the educational and labor impact of universities in society. This perspective incorpo­rates a social dimension to the accountability ap­proach.
Systematic review on the conservation genetics of African savannah elephants
Authors: Zacarias Daniel , Bini Luis Mauricio , Loyola Rafael 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundIn this paper we review the conservation genetics of African savannah elephants, aiming to understand the spatio-temporal research trends and their underlying factors. As such, we explore three questions associated to the conservation genetics and molecular ecology of these elephants: (1) what are the research trends concerning the conservation genetics ofLoxodonta africana? (2) Do richer countries conduct more research on the genetics of African elephants? (3) Which attributes influence where scholars conduct their research?Materials and MethodsWe examined available peer-reviewed publications from 1993 to 2014 in complementary online databases, including the ISI/Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and Google Scholar (GS), and searched for publications in scientific journals as well as in the reference section of these publications. We analyzed the annual trend of publications in this field of research, including the number of authors, levels of collaboration among authors, year of publication, publishing journal and the countries from where genetic samples were collected. Additionally, we identified main research clusters, authors, and institutional collaborations, based on co-citation and co-occurrence networks.ResultsWe found that during the study period there was a positive trend in the number of publications and a reduction in the number of authors per paper. Twenty-five countries contributed, with the majority of publications authored by researchers in the USA, Kenya and South Africa. The majority of samples were collected in Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa. Research outputs are associated with the existence of long-term conservation/research projects and research potential as measured by the literacy rate and the number of higher education institutions in a country. Five research clusters were identified, focusing on the origin and evolution of the species, methodological issues and the relatedness among elephant species.ConclusionsResearch in this field should be expanded to additional countries harboring elephant populations to enable a more comprehensive understanding of the population structure and genetic differentiation of the species, and to cope with challenges associated with the conservation of the species such as illegal hunting, habitat fragmentation, species reintroduction and climate change.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in aloe vera plant extract prepared by a hydrothermal method and their synergistic antibacterial activity
Authors: Tippayawat Patcharaporn , Phromviyo Nutthakritta , Boueroy Parichart , Chompoosor Apiwat 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThere is worldwide interest in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by various chemical reactions for use in applications exploiting their antibacterial activity, even though these processes exhibit a broad range of toxicity in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. To avoid the chemical toxicity, biosynthesis (green synthesis) of metal nanoparticles is proposed as a cost-effective and environmental friendly alternative. Aloe vera leaf extract is a medicinal agent with multiple properties including an antibacterial effect. Moreover the constituents of aloe vera leaves include lignin, hemicellulose, and pectins which can be used in the reduction of silver ions to produce as AgNPs@aloe vera (AgNPs@AV) with antibacterial activity.MethodsAgNPs were prepared by an eco-friendly hydrothermal method using an aloe vera plant extract solution as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNPs@AV were characterized using XRD and SEM. Additionally, an agar well diffusion method was used to screen for antimicrobial activity. MIC and MBC were used to correlate the concentration of AgNPs@AV its bactericidal effect. SEM was used to investigate bacterial inactivation. Then the toxicity with human cells was investigated using an MTT assay.ResultsThe synthesized AgNPs were crystalline with sizes of 70.70 ± 22-192.02 ± 53 nm as revealed using XRD and SEM. The sizes of AgNPs can be varied through alteration of times and temperatures used in their synthesis. These AgNPs were investigated for potential use as an antibacterial agent to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. Their antibacterial activity was tested onS. epidermidisandP. aeruginosa. The results showed that AgNPs had a high antibacterial which depended on their synthesis conditions, particularly when processed at 100oC for 6 h and 200oC for 12 h. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs was determined using human PBMCs revealing no obvious cytotoxicity. These results indicated that AgNPs@AV can be effectively utilized in pharmaceutical, biotechnological and biomedical applications.DiscussionAloe vera extract was processed using a green and facile method. This was a hydrothermal method to reduce silver nitrate to AgNPs@AV. Varying the hydrothermal temperature provided the fine spherical shaped nanoparticles. The size of the nanomaterial was affected by its thermal preparation. The particle size of AgNPs could be tuned by varying both time and temperature. A process using a pure AG phase could go to completion in 6 h at 200oC, whereas reactions at lower temperatures required longer times. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of this hybrid nanomaterial was sufficient that it could be used to inhibit pathogenic bacteria since silver release was dependent upon its particle size. The high activity of the largest AgNPs might have resulted from a high concentration of aloe vera compounds incorporated into the AgNPs during hydrothermal synthesis.
Using CATS near‐real‐time lidar observations to monitor and constrain volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) forecasts
Authors: Hughes E. J. , Yorks J. , Krotkov N. A. , da Silva A. M. , McGill M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn eruption of Italian volcano Mount Etna on 3 December 2015 produced fast‐moving sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate aerosol clouds that traveled across Asia and the Pacific Ocean, reaching North America in just 5 days. The Ozone Profiler and Mapping Suite's Nadir Mapping UV spectrometer aboard the U.S. National Polar‐orbiting Partnership satellite observed the horizontal transport of the SO2 cloud. Vertical profiles of the colocated volcanic sulfate aerosols were observed between 11.5 and 13.5 km by the new Cloud Aerosol Transport System (CATS) space‐based lidar aboard the International Space Station. Backward trajectory analysis estimates the SO2 cloud altitude at 7–12 km. Eulerian model simulations of the SO2 cloud constrained by CATS measurements produced more accurate dispersion patterns compared to those initialized with the back trajectory height estimate. The near‐real‐time data processing capabilities of CATS are unique, and this work demonstrates the use of these observations to monitor and model volcanic clouds.
Role of regional wetland emissions in atmospheric methane variability
Authors: McNorton J. , Gloor E. , Wilson C. , Hayman G. D. , Gedney N. , Comyn‐Platt E. , Marthews T. , Parker R. J. , Boesch H. , Chipperfield M. P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAtmospheric methane (CH4) accounts for ~20% of the total direct anthropogenic radiative forcing by long‐lived greenhouse gases. Surface observations show a pause (1999–2006) followed by a resumption in CH4 growth, which remain largely unexplained. Using a land surface model, we estimate wetland CH4 emissions from 1993 to 2014 and study the regional contributions to changes in atmospheric CH4. Atmospheric model simulations using these emissions, together with other sources, compare well with surface and satellite CH4 data. Modeled global wetland emissions vary by ±3%/yr (σ = 4.8 Tg), mainly due to precipitation‐induced changes in wetland area, but the integrated effect makes only a small contribution to the pause in CH4 growth from 1999 to 2006. Increasing temperature, which increases wetland area, drives a long‐term trend in wetland CH4 emissions of +0.2%/yr (1999 to 2014). The increased growth post‐2006 was partly caused by increased wetland emissions (+3%), mainly from Tropical Asia, Southern Africa, and Australia.
An unexpected restructuring of combustion soot aggregates by subnanometer coatings of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Chen Chao , Fan Xiaolong , Shaltout Tasneem , Qiu Chong , Ma Yan , Goldman Andrew , Khalizov Alexei F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe investigated the effect of thin polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) coatings on the structure of soot aggregates. Soot aerosol from an inverted diffusion burner was size classified, thermally denuded, coated with six different PAHs, and then characterized using scanning electron microscopy, light scattering, and mass‐mobility measurements. Contrary to our expectation, significant restructuring was observed in the presence of subnanometer layers of pyrene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene. These PAHs remained in subcooled liquid state in thin films, whereby the liquid layer acted as a lubricant, reducing the force required to initiate the restructuring. Thin layers of PAH of higher melting temperatures (perylene, anthracene, and triphenylene) presumably remained solid because these chemicals induced lesser structural changes. Our results suggest that some of the intrinsic PAH generated during incomplete combustion may induce significant restructuring of soot aggregates, even when present in small quantities, altering the properties and atmospheric impacts of combustion aerosols.
Upper arm and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Gaur Lasya , Hanna Alexander , Bandettini W. Patricia , Fischbeck Kenneth H. , Arai Andrew E. , Mankodi Ami 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe analyzed quantitative maps of T1 and T2 relaxation times and muscle fat fraction measurements in magnetic resonance imaging of the upper arm skeletal muscles and heart in ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and age‐range‐matched healthy volunteer boys. The cardiac‐optimized sequences detected fatty infiltration and edema in the upper arm skeletal muscles but not the myocardium in these Duchenne muscular dystrophy boys who had normal ejection fraction. Imaging the heart and skeletal muscle using the same magnetic resonance imaging methods during a single scan may be useful in assessing relative disease status and therapeutic response in clinical trials of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Mechanistic Studies of TiO2 Photocatalysis and Fenton Degradation of Hydrophobic Aromatic Pollutants in Water
Authors: Gong Yuanzheng , Yang Chun , Ji Hongwei , Chen Chuncheng , Ma Wanhong , Zhao Jincai 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHO–adduct radicals have been investigated and confirmed as the common initial intermediates in TiO2 photocatalysis and Fenton degradations of water‐insoluble aromatics. However, the evolution of HO–adduct radicals to phenols has not been completely clarified. When 4‐d‐toluene and p‐xylene were degraded by TiO2 photocatalysis and Fenton reactions, respectively, a portion of the 4‐deuterium or 4‐CH3 group (18–100 %) at the attacked ipso position shifted to the adjacent position of the ring in the formed phenols (NIH shift; NIH is short for the National Institutes of Health, to honor the place where this phenomenon was first discovered). The results, combined with the observation of a key dienyl cationic intermediate by in situ attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, indicate that, for the evolution of HO–adduct radicals, a mixed mechanism of both the carbocation intermediate pathway and O2‐capturing pathway occurs in both aqueous TiO2 photocatalysis and aqueous Fenton reactions.
Gesteckt und gestapelt – Der Werkhof Andelfingen (CH) als moderner Industrie‐Strickbau
Authors: Rinke Mario , Gianoli Andreas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAls Abstellhalle für Fahrzeuge und als überdachter Arbeits‐ und Lagerplatz entstand in Andelfingen (Kanton Zürich) 2015 ein neues Werkhofgebäude. Die Halle mit den Abmessungen von 16,50 × 30 m2 und einer Höhe von etwa 8 m sollte aus Holz konstruiert werden. Einem Bausatz gleich, sind für Wand und Dach flächenartige Konstruktionselemente entwickelt worden, die Tragwerk und Hülle integral vereinen und darüber hinaus einfach und schnell montiert werden können. Denn moderne industrielle Herstellungsmethoden des Holzbaus ermöglichten die Erweiterung der Typologie des traditionellen Strickbaus auf den großmaßstäblichen Industriebau. Das Stapeln und Ineinanderstecken von etwa 2 m hohen Brettschichtholzträgern mit der Länge der ganzen Gebäudeseite, oben in die Wände eingesteckte Dachbinder und darauf aufgesetzte Mehrschichtplatten ermöglichte eine Holzkonstruktion mit nur wenigen zusätzlichen Verbindungsmitteln aus Stahl und eine Montagezeit des Holzbaus von nur 4 d. Durch enge Zusammenarbeit aller Planer vereinen sich Materialeigenschaften, Konstruktion, Tragwerk, Montageprinzip und architektonischer Ausdruck.
Ischemic Postconditioning: Not Giving Up Yet
Authors: Belardi Jorge A. , Albertal Mariano 
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Ischemic postconditioning protects against reperfusion injury.
Adjunctive use of manual thrombus aspiration improves reperfusion results in patients undergoing primary angioplasty.
Combining both strategies (ischemic postconditioning and thrombus aspiration) may have additive effects in terms of myocardial salvage.
The PORT trial will study the role of ischemic postconditioning in patients undergoing primary angioplasty with thrombus aspiration.
Paravalvular Leaks: One Size (or Shape) Doesn't Always Fit All?
Authors: Paixao Andre , Cilingiroglu Mehmet 
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Paravalvular leak (PVL) remains as uncommon but serious complication after surgical prosthetic valve implantation.
PVL when associated which congestive heart failure, hemolytic anemia, or infective endocarditis may require percutaneous treatment. High‐surgical risk is common in this population.
Dedicated PVL devices are lacking often limiting optimal treatment.
Electron Transfer in Methylene‐Blue‐Labeled G3 Dendrimers Tethered to Gold
Authors: Álvarez‐Martos Isabel , Kartashov Andrey , Ferapontova Elena E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRedox‐modified branched 3D dendrimeric nanostructures are considered a proper tool for the wiring of redox enzymes because they provide both an enzyme‐friendly environment and exquisite electron transfer (ET) mediation. ET rates in G3 poly‐ (amido)amine (PAMAM) dendrimers, covalently attached to gold electrodes and labeled with methylene blue (MB), approached 267 s−1 and decreased as the packing density of dendrimers on the electrode surface was increased. A mechanistic analysis of the ET kinetics and fitting to the Marcus relationship showed that as the PAMAM surface coverage was increased, the ET mechanism switched from surface‐confined ET (electron tunneling) in dilute monolayers to diffusional ET (electron hopping) at higher surface populations of dendrimers. Structural changes in the positively charged dendrimers electrostatically compressed at negative charges of the electrode surface, and their dependence on the dendrimer surface packing, contribute to both mechanistic pathways. Electrical wiring of horseradish peroxidase and hexose oxidase by using MB‐labeled dendrimers allowed the bioelectrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 and oxidation of glucose by these enzymes. The demonstrated electrical communication between MB groups, localized on the periphery of dendrimers and distanced 2 to 3 nm from the electrode surface, and the electrodes opens new routes to prospective biosensor and bioelectronic applications.
Infinite Speed of Propagation and Regularity of Solutions to the Fractional Porous Medium Equation in General Domains
Authors: Bonforte Matteo , Figalli Alessio , Ros‐Oton Xavier 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe study the positivity and regularity of solutions to the fractional porous medium equations in for m > 1 and s ∈ (0,1), with Dirichlet boundary data u = 0 in and nonnegative initial condition .Our first result is a quantitative lower bound for solutions that holds for all positive times t > 0. As a consequence, we find a global Harnack principle stating that for any t > 0 solutions are comparable to ds/m, where d is the distance to ∂Ω. This is in sharp contrast with the local case s = 1, where the equation has finite speed of propagation.After this, we study the regularity of solutions. We prove that solutions are classical in the interior (C∞ in x and C1,α in t) and establish a sharp regularity estimate up to the boundary.Our methods are quite general and can be applied to wider classes of nonlocal parabolic equations of the form in Ω, both in bounded and unbounded domains.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of gradient, distance, curvature and aspect on steep burned and unburned hillslope soil erosion and deposition
Authors: Perreault Lauren M. , Yager Elowyn M. , Aalto Rolf 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWildfire denudes vegetation and impacts chemical and physical soil properties, which can alter hillslope erosion rates. Post‐wildfire erosion can also contribute disproportionately to long‐term erosion rates and landscape evolution. Post‐fire hillslope erosion rates remain difficult to predict and document at the hillslope scale. Here we use 210Pbaex (lead‐210 mineral‐adsorbed excess) inventories to describe net sediment erosion on steep, convex hillslopes in three basins (unburned, moderately and severely burned) in mountainous central Idaho. We analyzed nearly 300 soil samples for 210Pbaex content with alpha spectrometry and related net sediment erosion to burn severity, aspect, gradient, curvature and distance from ridgetop. We also tested our data against models for advective, linear and non‐linear diffusive erosion. Statistically lower net soil losses on north‐ versus south‐facing unburned hillslopes suggest that greater vegetative cover and soil cohesion on north‐facing slopes decrease erosion. On burned hillslopes, erosion differences between aspects were less apparent and net erosion was more variable, indicating that vegetation influences erosion magnitude and fire drives erosion variability. We estimated net soil losses throughout the length of unburned hillslopes, including through a footslope transition to concave form. In contrast, on burned hillslopes, the subtle shift from convex to concave form was associated with deposition of a post‐fire erosion pulse. Such overall patterns of erosion and deposition are consistent with predictions from a non‐linear diffusion equation. This finding also suggests that concave sections of overall convex hillslopes affect post‐disturbance soil erosion and deposition. Despite these patterns, no strong relationships were evident between local net soil losses and gradient, curvature, distance from ridgetop, or erosion predicted with advection or diffusion equations. The observed relationship between gradient and erosion is therefore likely more complex or stochastic than often described theoretically, especially over relatively short timescales (60–100 years). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Ni‐Mo and Ni‐Mo‐P Electroplated Coatings on Stainless Steel for PEM Fuel Cells Bipolar Plates
Authors: Rashtchi H. , Raeissi K. , Shamanian M. , Acevedo Gomez Y. , Lagergren C. , Wreland Lindström R. , Rajaei V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStainless steel bipolar plates (BPPs) are the preferred choice for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs); however, a surface coating is needed to minimize contact resistance and corrosion. In this paper, Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo–P coatings were electroplated on stainless steel BPPs and investigated by XRD, SEM/EDX, AFM and contact angle measurements. The performance of the BPPs was studied by corrosion and conduction tests and by measuring their interfacial contact resistances (ICRs) ex situ in a PEMFC set‐up at varying clamping pressure, applied current and temperature. The results revealed that the applied coatings significantly reduce the ICR and corrosion rate of stainless steel BPP. All the coatings presented stable performance and the coatings electroplated at 100 mA cm−2 showed even lower ICR than graphite. The excellent properties of the coatings compared to native oxide film of the bare stainless steel are due to their higher contact angle, crystallinity and roughness, improving hydrophobicity and electrical conductivity. Hence, the electroplated coatings investigated in this study have promising properties for stainless steel BPPs and are potentially good alternatives for the graphite BPP in PEMFC.