bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gli articoli ritrovati della Démocratie pacifique: Cristina Trivulzio Belgiojoso alias UN ITALIEN
Authors: Caporuscio Flavia 
Published: June 2017

Il saggio analizza due serie di articoli pubblicati da “un italien” nel biennio 1845–1846 sulla Démocratie pacifique e ne suggerisce l’attribuzione a Cristina Trivulzio Belgiojoso. Tali articoli, infatti, che affrontano tematiche particolarmente care all’intellettuale milanese come le istituzioni comunali in Italia e il sistema educativo in Lombardia, presentano precisi rimandi tematici e stilistici ad articoli di certa attribuzione e dimostrano pertanto l’assidua collaborazione dell’italiana con la testata parigina diretta da Victor Considerant. L’ipotesi di attribuzione trova inoltre piena conferma nella corrispondenza privata, dove si fa esplicito riferimento ai due progetti di lavoro da inviare alla Démocratie pacifique. La scelta della pubblicazione in forma anonima viene infine indagata all’interno di una prospettiva di genere che mette in evidenza la duplice difficoltà, della comunità e della stessa autrice, a conciliare la vocazione intellettuale con l’identità femminile.
Spearcons for Patient Monitoring: Laboratory Investigation Comparing Earcons and Spearcons
Authors: Li Simon Y. W. , Tang Tsz-Lok , Hickling Anna , Yau Szeyuen , Brecknell Birgit , Sanderson Penelope M. 
Published: June 2017

Objective We compared the effectiveness of single-tone earcons versus spearcons in conveying information about two commonly monitored vital signs: oxygen saturation and heart rate. Background The uninformative nature of many medical alarms—and clinicians’ lack of response to alarms—is a widespread problem that can compromise patient safety. Auditory displays, such as earcons and spearcons (speech-based earcons), may help clinicians maintain awareness of patients’ well-being and reduce their reliance on alarms. Earcons are short abstract sounds whose properties represent different types and levels of information, whereas spearcons are time-compressed spoken phrases that directly state their meaning. Listeners might identify patient vital signs more accurately with spearcons than with earcons. Method In Experiment 1 we compared how accurately 40 nonclinician participants using either (a) single-tone earcons differentiated by timbre and tremolo or (b) Cantonese spearcons recorded using a female Cantonese voice could identify both oxygen saturation and heart rate levels. In Experiment 2 we tested the identification performance of six further nonclinician participants with spearcons recorded using a male Cantonese voice. Results In Experiment 1, participants using spearcons identified both vital signs together more accurately than did participants using earcons. Participants using Cantonese spearcons also learned faster, completed trials faster, identified individual vital signs more accurately, and felt greater ease and more confident when identifying oxygen saturation levels. Experiment 2 verified the previous findings with male-voice Cantonese spearcons. Conclusion Participants identified vital signs more accurately using spearcons than with the single-tone earcons. Application Spearcons may be useful for patient monitoring in situations in which intermittently presented information is desirable.
Victimization of Children Left Behind in Rural China
Authors: Chen Xiaojin , Liang Ningxin , Ostertag Stephen F. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Examine the relationship between parental rural-to-urban migration, caretaking arrangement, and left-behind children’s self-reported victimization in rural China. The direct effect of parental migration on children’s victimization as well as the indirect effect through positive caretaking and children’s delinquent/problem behavior involvement is explored. Methods: The study uses data from the Parental Migration and Children’s Well-being Survey, which collected information on parental migration and children’s experience of victimization from a probability sample of 800 middle school students in southern China. Structural equation modeling is used to evaluate hypothesized models by simultaneously assessing direct and indirect effects. Results: Compared with children living with both parents in rural China, children left behind by their fathers have an elevated level of victimization. In addition, the chronic absence of fathers leads to a higher level of delinquent and problem behavior among left-behind children, which in turn leads to further victimization. Conclusion: Left-behind children living with mothers, grandparents, or other relatives are an “at-risk” population for victimization. Local programs such as parenting lessons for left-behind parents and grandparents are needed. In addition, the importance of father’s chronic absence on left-behind children’s healthy physical and mental development needs to be further examined.
Recurrent administration of the nitric oxide donor, isosorbide dinitrate, induces a persistent cephalic cutaneous hypersensitivity: A model for migraine progression
Authors: Dallel Radhouane , Descheemaeker Amélie , Luccarini Philippe 
Published: June 2017

Background A subgroup of migraineurs experience an increase in attack frequency leading to chronic migraine. Methods We assessed in rats the roles of dose and repeat administration of systemic isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), a nitric oxide donor, on the occurrence and development of cephalic/face and extracephalic/hindpaw mechanical allodynia as a surrogate of migraine pain, and the effect of acute systemic sumatriptan and olcegepant and chronic systemic propranolol on these behavioral changes. Results A single high (H-ISDN) but not low (L-ISDN) dose of ISDN induces a reversible cephalic and extracephalic mechanical allodynia. However, with repeat administration, L-ISDN produces reversible cephalic but never extracephalic allodynia, whereas H-ISDN induces cephalic and extracephalic allodynia that are both potentiated. H-ISDN-induced cephalic allodynia thus gains persistency. Sumatriptan and olcegepant block single H-ISDN-induced behavioral changes, but only olcegepant reduces these acute changes when potentiated by repeat administration. Neither sumatriptan nor olcegepant prevent chronic cephalic hypersensitivity. Conversely, propranolol blocks repeat H-ISDN-induced chronic, but not acute, behavioral changes. Conclusions Repeated ISDN administration appears to be a naturalistic rat model for migraine progression, suitable for screening acute and preventive migraine therapies. It suggests frequent and severe migraine attacks associated with allodynia may be a risk factor for disease progression.
A Pilot Study of the Use of Dexmedetomidine for the Control of Delirium by Reducing the Serum Concentrations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neuron-Specific Enolase, and S100B in Polytrauma Patients
Authors: Li Yong , Yu Zhi-Xin , Ji Mu-Sen , Yan Jun , Cai Yan , Liu Jing , Yang Hong-Feng , Jin Zhao-Chen 
Published: June 2017

Background: Delirium is very common among patients with polytrauma, although no suitable means exist to feasibly reduce the incidence and duration of delirium in these patients. Recent reports have suggested that continuous intravenous (IV) infusions of dexmedetomidine, rather than benzodiazepine, be administered for sedation to reduce the duration of delirium in this population. However, serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have not yet been investigated in polytrauma patients who received sedation with dexmedetomidine rather than other conventional sedatives. The aim of this study was to assess the association of blood BDNF, NSE, and S100B with the occurrence of delirium among polytrauma patients who had been sedated with dexmedetomidine. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment study groups, namely the “dexmedetomidine group” or the “common group.” This case–control study included 18 patients with delirium and 34 matched controls in a 63-bed general intensive care unit (ICU). Blood samples were collected from all patients upon ICU admission, on the day when delirium was diagnosed, and on days 3 and 5 following diagnosis. The serum levels of S100B, BDNF, and NSE were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sedation levels and delirium were assessed using the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale and the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Results: The median BDNF, NSE, and S100B concentrations were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the common group on the day when delirium was diagnosed and on the third day after delirium was diagnosed. The rate of delirium was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the common group. There were clear differences in the BDNF, NSE, and S100B levels between the 2 groups on the fifth day after delirium was diagnosed. Conclusions: Our randomized controlled study suggests that the sedation of polytrauma patients with dexmedetomidine could help reduce the serum BDNF, S100B, and NSE levels, which appear to be associated with the occurrence of delirium in the dexmedetomidine group.
Pharmacokinetic comparison of two buprenorphine formulations after buccal administration in healthy male cats
Authors: Gulledge Brett M , Messenger Kristen M , Cornell Karen K , Lindell Heather , Schmiedt Chad W 
Published: June 2017

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of compounded and commercially available aqueous formulations of buprenorphine after a single buccal dose to healthy cats and to evaluate the concentrations of a compounded buprenorphine solution over 21 days when stored at room temperature (RT; 22–24°C) with exposure to light or when refrigerated at 4°C while protected from light. Methods Six young healthy male cats were administered single buccal doses of compounded and commercially available formulations of buprenorphine (0.03 mg/kg) using a randomized, blinded, two-period crossover design. Blood samples were obtained over a 24 h period and plasma buprenorphine concentrations were determined using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Three batches of the compounded formulation were stored at RT or 4°C and aliquots were evaluated over 21 days for buprenorphine concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results Plasma concentrations of buprenorphine were above the limit of quantification up to 6 h in some cats and up to 3 h in all cats. The area under the curve was significantly less for the compounded formulation ( P = 0.004). A significant difference was not detected between formulations for time to maximum concentration ( P = 0.11), maximum concentration ( P = 0.06), half-life ( P = 0.88) and mean residence time ( P = 0.57). Buprenorphine concentration in the compounded formulation was not affected by storage condition or time and remained between 90% and 110% of the target concentration at all time points. Conclusions and relevance A buprenorphine solution prepared from sublingual tablets is absorbed after buccal administration in healthy cats. The extent of absorption is significantly less than that of the commercially available formulation. The compounded solution maintains an acceptable buprenorphine concentration for at least 21 days when stored at RT or refrigerated.
Evaluation of gas hydrate-bearing sediments below the conventional bottom-simulating reflection on the northern slope of the South China Sea
Authors: Liang Jinqiang , Zhang Zijian , Su Pibo , Sha Zhibin , Yang Shengxiong 
Published: June 2017

The continuous bottom-simulating reflection (BSR) is commonly considered to mark the base of gas hydrate stability zone. Below this depth, gas hydrate gives away to free gas or water filling with pore spaces of sediments. We integrated and analyzed seismic data collected in 2008, and logging-while-drilling (LWD) data and coring results acquired by the Fugro Voyager in 2015 in the Shenhu area on the northern slope of the South China Sea. Based on seismic and well-log correlation, a BSR with typical characteristics of gas hydrates and free gas was identified at 237 m, below the mudline (BML). However, LWD data reveal a 63 m thick hydrate layer from 205 to 268 m BML. Increases in resistivity and velocity at 262 m BML indicate that gas hydrate is likely presented below the BSR. The observed pore-water freshening with depth and infrared image of core samples are consistent with geophysical interpretation. Seismic and well interpretations reveal continuous, discontinuous, and pluming BSRs in the Shenhu area. The continuous BSR indicates the base of the methane gas hydrate stability zone, and structure II gas hydrate is likely presented below the BSR. Deep thermogenic fluid locally entrapped within shallow-buried sediments may reinforce gas-hydrate accumulations near the discontinuous and pluming BSRs. We conclude that seismic responses of structure II gas hydrate can be distinct from structure I gas hydrate. Understanding the seismic characterizations of structures I and II will help in the evaluation of gas-hydrate reservoirs and inferring the presence of deep thermogenic reservoirs.
Suicide is a complex problem that requires a range of prevention initiatives and methods of evaluation
Authors: Hawton Keith , Pirkis Jane 
Published: June 2017

SummaryA range of factors can contribute to suicide, which means that a multifactorial approach to suicide prevention is necessary. Whereas randomised controlled trials may be suitable for evaluation of some interventions, others require different approaches for assessment of their impact. Also, suicide itself will not always be the most feasible outcome measure.
An analysis of whether a working-age ward-based liaison psychiatry service requires the input of a liaison psychiatrist
Authors: Guthrie Elspeth A. , McMeekin Aaron T. , Khan Sylvia , Makin Sally , Shaw Ben , Longson Damien 
Published: June 2017

Aims and methodThis article presents a 12-month case series to determine the fraction of ward referrals of adults of working age who needed a liaison psychiatrist in a busy tertiary referral teaching hospital.ResultsThe service received 344 referrals resulting in 1259 face-to-face contacts. Depression accounted for the most face-to-face contacts. We deemed the involvement of a liaison psychiatrist necessary in 241 (70.1%) referrals, with medication management as the most common reason.Clinical implicationsA substantial amount of liaison ward work involves the treatment and management of severe and complex mental health problems. Our analysis suggests that in the majority of cases the input of a liaison psychiatrist is required.
Personalisation and social care assessment – the Care Act 2014
Authors: Barnes Deb , Boland Billy , Linhart Kathryn , Wilson Katherine 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe Care Act 2014 represents a significant change in legislation in England. For the first time it brings together various aspects of adult social care into a single statute succeeding earlier acts and policy. Given its importance to the lives of service users and carers, clinicians need to have a clear understanding of its implications. We provide an overview of why it was developed, its underlying principles and international comparisons, as well as implications for assessments, interventions and outcomes. The impact on the lives of patients and carers is discussed, as well as dilemmas and challenges the Act presents. While it addresses other important aspects of social care, including safeguarding, Mental Health Act section 117 aftercare and duty of candour, we focus on personalisation because of the opportunities it provides to enhance management plans for people experiencing mental health problems.
Big data in mental health research – do the ns justify the means? Using large data-sets of electronic health records for mental health research
Authors: Schofield Peter 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAdvances in information technology and data storage, so-called ‘big data’, have the potential to dramatically change the way we do research. We are presented with the possibility of whole-population data, collected over multiple time points and including detailed demographic information usually only available in expensive and labour-intensive surveys, but at a fraction of the cost and effort. Typically, accounts highlight the sheer volume of data available in terms of terabytes (1012) and petabytes (1015) of data while charting the exponential growth in computing power we can use to make sense of this. Presented with resources of such dizzying magnitude it is easy to lose sight of the potential limitations when the amount of data itself appears unlimited. In this short account I look at some recent advances in electronic health data that are relevant for mental health research while highlighting some of the potential pitfalls.
11β-HSD1 Modulates the Set Point of Brown Adipose Tissue Response to Glucocorticoids in Male Mice
Authors: Doig Craig L. , Fletcher Rachel S. , Morgan Stuart A. , McCabe Emma L. , Larner Dean P. , Tomlinson Jeremy W. , Stewart Paul M. , Philp Andrew , Lavery Gareth G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are potent regulators of energy metabolism. Chronic GC exposure suppresses brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic capacity in mice, with evidence for a similar effect in humans. Intracellular GC levels are regulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) activity, which can amplify circulating GC concentrations. Therefore, 11β-HSD1 could modulate the impact of GCs on BAT function. This study investigated how 11β-HSD1 regulates the molecular architecture of BAT in the context of GC excess and aging. Circulating GC excess was induced in 11β-HSD1 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice by supplementing drinking water with 100 μg/mL corticosterone, and the effects on molecular markers of BAT function and mitochondrial activity were assessed. Brown adipocyte primary cultures were used to examine cell autonomous consequences of 11β-HSD1 deficiency. Molecular markers of BAT function were also examined in aged 11β-HSD1 KO mice to model lifetime GC exposure. BAT 11β-HSD1 expression and activity were elevated in response to GC excess and with aging. 11β-HSD1 KO BAT resisted the suppression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial respiratory chain subunit proteins normally imposed by GC excess. Furthermore, brown adipocytes from 11β-HSD1 KO mice had elevated basal mitochondrial function and were able to resist GC-mediated repression of activity. BAT from aged 11β-HSD1 KO mice showed elevated UCP1 protein and mitochondrial content, and a favorable profile of BAT function. These data reveal a novel mechanism in which increased 11β-HSD1 expression, in the context of GC excess and aging, impairs the molecular and metabolic function of BAT.
Remembering the Elizabeth Bay Reclamation and the Holocene Sunset in Sydney Harbour
Authors: Byrne Denis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractProjects of coastal reclamation have allowed humanity to expand its terrestrial foothold, often quite dramatically, although the act of extension may be forgotten as we come to naturalize these new lands as timeless terra firma. Against this possibility, my investigation of the 1880s reclamation of the Elizabeth Bay foreshore on Sydney Harbour, Australia, is a work of recall or recovery. The introduction by British colonists in the late 1700s of the notion of “capital in land” both underwrote the dispossession of the bay’s indigenous inhabitants and stimulated a thirst for land that led colonists and their descendants to want to push the shoreline out into the sea. As my inquiry deepens, other temporalities come into view alongside this colonial narrative. Formed around 300 million years ago in the Sydney area, the sandstone that was used to construct the seawall is found to be eroding in a manner that allows the sea to advance inland a millimeter at a time, back toward where it was prior to the reclamation. In doing so, the sandstone appears to be at least as amenable to the sea’s impetus as it is to the human intention for it to defend the reclamation against the sea. Meanwhile, earthworms active in the “artificial earth” of the reclamation undermine and bury objects such as lost coins and cigarette butts, causing them to subside into the earth at a rate of a few millimeters a year. Haunting the essay are the specters of rising and falling sea levels and my personal history with this reclamation in the year 1980. On bringing together these diverse temporal threads and processes, this article argues that archaeology has a particular role to play in bringing reclamations and other things of the Anthropocene into view.
Legalidade administrativa de carne e osso: uma reflexão diante do processo político brasileiro
Authors: Cyrino André 
Published: June 2017

Para o entendimento convencional do direito administrativo brasileiro, o princípio da legalidade é repositório das mais elevadas expectativas democráticas e de contenção do poder. Nessa linha, é por meio da legalidade que será atendida a tão sonhada e revolucionária vontade geral, o que se desdobrou na defesa do direito administrativo da aplicação da lei de ofício. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o equívoco dessa visão tradicional por meio das lentes da realidade política brasileira, conforme apresentada pela ciência política descritiva. Defendemos que o princípio da legalidade continua sendo elemento estruturante do direito administrativo, tal como determina o art. 37 da Constituição. Todavia, ele precisa ser apreendido de maneira realista, como uma legalidade de carne e osso, aqui entendida como mecanismo capaz de conter o arbítrio por meio da criação de custos de transação no processo político. For the conventional wisdom in Brazilian administrative law, the legality principle is a repository of the highest democratic expectations and restraint of power. According to this view, legality is the way to achieve the dream of a revolutionary general will, which was unfolded in the defense of an administrative law in which administrative action must be understood as something strictly and formally bounded to a legislative statute. The purpose of this article is to discuss the misconception of the traditional view through the lens of the Brazilian political reality as presented by positive political science. We argue that the principle of legality remains as a structuring element of administrative law, as stated in article 37 of the Constitution. Nevertheless, it must be perceived realistically, as a legality of flesh and blood, here understood as a mechanism capable of constrain arbitrariness through the creation of transaction costs in the political process.