bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Carcinoma Prostate in Transurethral Resection Specimen in a Teaching Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Thapa Neeraj , Shris Sachin , Pokharel Nabin , Tambay Yashwant Gajanan , Kher Yeshwant Ramakrishan , Acharya Sumnima 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: As suggested through several autopsy studies there is a high prevalence of latent prostate cancer in the population. A much smaller proportion of prostate cancer is detected because of clinical symptoms. This study was done to identify the rates of incidentally detected prostate cancer in patients undergoing surgical management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in our centre.

Methods: A retrospective review was done on all transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP) cases from May 2014 to May 2015 at a single tertiary care institution. One hundred and three men, aged 40 to 88 year, underwent TURP and their specimens were sent for the histopathological analysis.

Results: Five (4.85%) patients were diagnosed with the prostate cancer. All the five patients had Gleason score of seven or more. Two patients had moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with Gleason score of seven. Three patients had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with Gleason score of eight or above. The Prostate cancer was seen only in the age group above 65 years but it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Our series demonstrated that 4.85% of patients had latent prostate cancer. It occurs mainly in men above 65 years of age though this was not statistically significant.
Efficacy of auxiliary devices for removal of fluorescent residue after bracket debonding
Authors: Rocha Rafael Santos , Salomão Fabio Martins , Silveira Machado Lucas , Sundfeld Renato Herman , Fagundes Ticiane Cestari 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate four protocols for removal of fluorescent materials after bracket debonding.

Materials and Methods:
Resin removal from 40 bovine enamel surfaces was performed according to groups (n = 10): conventional (C), white LED (W), LED that evidenced fluorescence (F), and fluorescent lens (FL). The following analyses were performed: sample thickness, superficial area of resin residue, and areas of resin residue or worn enamel in depth. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze sample thickness (P ≤ .05). Area measurements were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (P ≤ .05).

Results:
The FL group showed the highest reduction in enamel thickness. F group final thickness was similar to that of other groups. The largest superficial areas of resin residue were found for the C and W groups, while the FL group had the greatest removal of resin residue. The C group exhibited the largest area in depth of resin residue. The FL and F groups exhibited the most loss of enamel with the least amount of resin residue; in contrast, the C and W groups presented the fewest areas of worn enamel and the most areas of resin residue.

Conclusion:
Auxiliary devices were useful for removal of fluorescent residue after bracket debonding.
Is Investment in Maize Research Balanced and Justified? An Empirical Study
Authors: Shrestha Hari Krishna , Gairhe Samaya 
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the investment in maize research was adequate and balanced in Nepalese context. Resource use in maize research was empirically studied with standard congruency analysis by using Full Time Equivalent (FTE) of researchers as a proxy measure of investment. The number of researchers involved in maize was 61 but it was only 21.25 on FTE basis, indicating that full time researchers were very few as compared to the cultivated area of maize in the country. Statistical analysis revealed that the investment in maize research was higher in Tarai and lower in the Hills. Congruency index on actual production basis was found low across the eco-zones and even lower across the geographical regions indicating that the investment in maize research was a mismatch and not justified. While adjusted with the equity factor and the research progress factor in the analysis substantial difference was not found in congruency index. This study recommends that substantial increase in investment in maize research is needed with balanced and justified manner across the eco-zones and the geographical regions. Hills need special attention to increase the investment as maize output value is higher in this eco-zone. Eastern and western regions also need increased investment in maize according to their contribution in the output value.
Stress in women with Reproductive Failure
Authors: Bhandari Sunita 
Published: December 2016

Aims: The study aim to measure the level of stress in women with recurrent miscarriage and infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment using psychological, endocrinological and immunological markers of stress.Methods: Group A（Recurrent Miscarriage Group, RM Group） of 20 women who had had at least three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions after negative biomedical diagnostic screening test; Group B (Infertility Group) of 40 infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment after down-regulation with Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist in a long protocol and Group C (Control Group) of 15 fertile women were asked to complete the stress questionnaires : the Perceived stress scale (PSS), the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI), the Positive and Negative Scale (PANAS) and the SF-12 Health Survey. Blood samples were collected to measure natural killer (NK) cells and cortisol levels.Results: The score of stress questionnaires were significantly high in women with reproductive failure compared to fertile control group (p=0.023 for PSS; p=0.011 for FPI; p=0.013 for negative scale of PANAS) and the score of MCS from SF-12 Health Survey was significantly lower compared to control group (p=0.001). However, no significant differences were seen between women with RM and infertile women undergoing IVF treatment. Women with reproductive failure have increased number of peripheral NK cells compared to controls (p=0.000). No significant difference was found in the serum cortisol level between the women with reproductive failure and fertile women.Conclusions: Women with reproductive failure perceived higher levels of psychological stress. Level of stress in women with recurrent miscarriage is comparable to that of infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment. Increased numbers of NK cells were found in the peripheral blood of women with reproductive failure.
Teenage Pregnancy and Obstetric Outcome: A Comparative Study In Urban Nigeria
Authors: Eugene Ikeanyi , Israel Jeremiah , Atombosoba Ekine 
Published: December 2016

Aims: Teenage pregnancy is a worldwide problem that poses social and health concerns in both industrialized and developing countries. This study therefore sought to evaluate the relevance of age at first pregnancy on obstetric performance.Methods: This was a case control analytical, observational study of teenage women as study group and older control subgroup aged 20-34 years that had their first childbirth between 2009 and 2013 at a mission Hospital in Benin City, South- South, Nigeria. Statistical analysis was with computer statistical software with statistical significance set at p<.05.Results: The incidence of teenage nullipara in this study was 1.1%. The study group were more likely to be unmarried (OR=9.6, P<0.001), unemployed (OR=6.6, P=0.001), attained below secondary level of education (OR=8.4, P< 0.001) and less likely to attain post secondary level of education (OR=0.05, P<0.001), lack prenatal care (OR=2.1, P=0.15),have vaginal delivery (OR: 5.7, P=0.01), less caesarean section rate (OR=0.2, P=0.01), weighed less at booking and last prenatal visits (P<0.001) respectively and neonates weighing less at birth (t=2.1, P=0.04).Conclusion:Teenage pregnancy was more a social than an obstetric problem. Adequate empowerment before reproductive role, discouragement of early marriage and or childbearing is hereby proffered.
Utilization of Antenatal care services in present pregnancy among the women attending in a Teaching Hospital for delivery
Authors: Thapa Meena , Yadav S , Bhujel K 
Published: December 2016

Aims: To study attendance of antenatal care services during present pregnancy by pregnant women coming for delivery in a teaching hospital of Kathmandu and to analyze the impact of educational status, age group, gravida (number of pregnancy) and occupation of the women on antenatal care service utilization.Methods: Uncomplicated, term pregnant women who came for delivery in labour or for induction of labour or elective cesarean section were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Six hundred and four pregnant women were studied. Antenatal care coverage in studied population was found to be 94.8% with adequate (four) antenatal care visits in 83.4%. Women belonged to 20 to 30 years of age group and higher education status had higher rate of antenatal care attendance where as women who belonged to labor class (daily earner) had significantly lower rate of adequate antenatal care attendance. Number of pregnancy (gravida) of the women did not show association with rate of antenatal care attendance.Conclusions: Over all antenatal care attendance in this study is very high. Women of 20 to 30 years of age and higher education status had positive effect on antenatal care attendance, where as women who were daily earner or labour had higher rate of failure to attend antenatal care visits.
Urinary Complication Following Cystocele Repair in Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Shrestha Sweety 
Published: December 2016

Aims: Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition in our country which affects the quality of life of many women. After vaginal operations for genital prolapse, there is increased chance of urinary tract infections, retention of urine and re-catheterization.The objective of this study is to evaluate women with cystocele in terms of clinical profile, different modalities of treatment and the complication following repair.Methods: It is a descriptive study carried out amongst 80 cases of cystocele irrespective of associated uterine descent and stress incontinence of urine in College Of Medical Sciences – Teaching Hospital, Nepal from 1/9/201l to 30/10/2013. Results: During the study, 80 women with cystocele were enrolled. Majority of the women (66.3%, n =53) with cystocele were within 15 to 45 years and 53.8% (n=43) of them had parity beyond 5. Among these women, 51.4% (n=41) had second degree cystocele and 23.8% (n=19) had stress urinary incontinence. Majority of the women (58.8%, n=40) underwent vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair. Following surgery, the most common complication was urinary tract infection (14.7%, n = 10).Conclusions: In this study, majority of the cases with cystocele were in the reproductive age with parity beyond 5 while maximum number of the women with cystocele had associated third degree uterocervical descent. Urinary tract infection was the commonest complication following surgical treatment followed by retention of urine.
Effect of Vascular Risk Factors on the Progression of Mild Alzheimer’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia
Authors: Bergland Anne Katrine , Dalen Ingvild , Larsen Alf Inge , Aarsland Dag , Soennesyn Hogne 
Published: December 2016

Background: Vascular risk factors (VRF) are associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease. Objective: To examine the association between VRF and cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). Methods: We included consecutive referrals with mild AD or LBD to dementia clinics in western Norway from 2005 to 2013. The Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) were administered at baseline and then annually for up to five years. The VRF include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, overweight and smoking. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to examine the potential association between VRF scores and the change in MMSE and CDR-SB scores, adjusting for age, sex, and the apolipoprotein ɛ4 allele (APOE4). Results: A total of 200 patients were included (113 AD, 87 LBD) (mean age 76 years, mean baseline MMSE 24.0, mean follow-up time 3.5 years). Smoking was the only VRF significantly associated with a more rapid cognitive decline, however only in the AD group. Being overweight at baseline was associated with a slower cognitive decline. Moreover, hypertension at baseline predicted a slower decline in MMSE scores. In the LBD group diabetes mellitus was found to be associated with a slower increase in CDR-SB scores. Conclusion: With the exception of smoking, VRF at time of dementia diagnosis were not associated with a more rapid cognitive decline.
Association of Cancer History with Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia and Neuropathology
Authors: Yarchoan Mark , James Bryan D. , Shah Raj C. , Arvanitakis Zoe , Wilson Robert S. , Schneider Julie , Bennett David A. , Arnold Steven E. 
Published: December 2016

Background: Cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are common diseases of aging and share many risk factors. Surprisingly, however, epidemiologic data from several recent independent cohort studies suggest that there may be an inverse association between these diseases. Objective: To determine the relationship between history of cancer and odds of dementia proximate to death and neuropathological indices of AD. Methods: Using data from two separate clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging and AD, the Religious Orders Study (ROS) and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), we compared odds of AD dementia proximate to death among participants with and without a history of cancer. We then examined the relation of history of cancer with measures of AD pathology at autopsy, i.e., paired helical filament tau (PHFtau) neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β load. Results: Participants reporting a history of cancer had significantly lower odds of AD (OR 0.70 [0.55–0.89], p = 0.0040) proximate to death as compared to participants reporting no prior history of cancer. The results remained significant after adjusting for multiple risk factors including age, sex, race, education, and presence of an APOE ɛ4 allele. At autopsy, participants with a history of cancer had significantly fewer PHFtau tangles ( p < 0.001) than participants without a history of cancer, but similar levels of amyloid-β. Conclusions: Cancer survivors have reduced odds of developing AD and a lower burden of neurofibrillary tangle deposition.
RECONNECTION-DRIVEN CORONAL-HOLE JETS WITH GRAVITY AND SOLAR WIND
Authors: Karpen J. T. , DeVore C. R. , Antiochos S. K. , Pariat E. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Coronal-hole jets occur ubiquitously in the Sun's coronal holes, at EUV and X-ray bright points associated with intrusions of minority magnetic polarity. The embedded-bipole model for these jets posits that they are driven by explosive, fast reconnection between the stressed closed field of the embedded bipole and the open field of the surrounding coronal hole. Previous numerical studies in Cartesian geometry, assuming uniform ambient magnetic field and plasma while neglecting gravity and solar wind, demonstrated that the model is robust and can produce jet-like events in simple configurations. We have extended these investigations by including spherical geometry, gravity, and solar wind in a nonuniform, coronal hole-like ambient atmosphere. Our simulations confirm that the jet is initiated by the onset of a kink-like instability of the internal closed field, which induces a burst of reconnection between the closed and external open field, launching a helical jet. Our new results demonstrate that the jet propagation is sustained through the outer corona, in the form of a traveling nonlinear Alfvén wave front trailed by slower-moving plasma density enhancements that are compressed and accelerated by the wave. This finding agrees well with observations of white-light coronal-hole jets, and can explain microstreams and torsional Alfvén waves detected in situ in the solar wind. We also use our numerical results to deduce scaling relationships between properties of the coronal source region and the characteristics of the resulting jet, which can be tested against observations.
Une interprétation de l’approche bayesienne de la déduction sous incertitude : l’analogie de la cuve
Authors: Politzer Guy 
Published: December 2016

La représentation diagrammatique des tableaux de contingence bivariés, dite en « carrés et rectangles », est interprétée en termes de contenant et contenu (réservoir et liquide) et appliquée à un nouveau domaine : les inférences déductives avec prémisses incertaines. L’analogie est exploitée pour déterminer qualitativement et calculer quantitativement les conditions de validité d’arguments déductifs parmi les plus étudiés en logique et en intelligence artificielle (par exemple le modus ponens ). On montre que les valeurs limites de la probabilité de la conclusion peuvent être obtenues sur la base du respect de principes triviaux tels que « un compartiment ne peut pas contenir un volume de liquide supérieur à sa capacité », ou « si un compartiment est vide, le liquide est contenu dans les autres », etc. Enfin, on évoque la possibilité d’utiliser ces contraintes physiques pour justifier les lois du calcul des probabilités.
Niveaux de représentation opérative du risque dans la gestion d’environnement dynamique (feux de forêt)
Authors: Rogalski Janine 
Published: December 2016

Dans cet article on analyse les effets du niveau opérationnel sur les représentations opératives de sapeurs-pompiers quant à un risque dynamique dans le cas d’un environnement dynamique particulier (le feu de forêt méditerranéen). Il s’agit d’une représentation occurrente de la situation dynamique qui consiste essentiellement en un pronostic d’évolution possible en vue de l’action, et des moyens qui lui sont nécessaires. Le champ de contrôle dépend de la position des acteurs dans un travail collectif distribué, avec dimension verticale de la coopération. La question traitée est celle de la compatibilité des représentations opératives d’acteurs à des positions différentes dans ce dispositif. Une situation de type expérimental a été conçue en transposant une situation réelle de sorte à en assurer la validité écologique. Les représentations exprimées par des acteurs de trois niveaux opérationnels ont été analysées à différents moments de l’évolution du feu évoqué : situation initiale, empan spatio-temporel du risque représenté, existence d’informations conflictuelles ou ambiguës. Les acteurs de niveau opérationnel plus élevé maintiennent une représentation orientée par l’issue la plus grave en cas de saute, au niveau le moins élevé ils sont plus sensibles au pronostic d’évolution proche dans le temps et l’espace. Néanmoins, tous expriment une conscience du risque et du type de moyens pour le contrer : les représentations opératives ne sont pas partagées, mais elles sont compatibles. Des implications pour la formation sont proposées.
Domestiquer le budget ouvrier
Authors: Leleu Audrey 
Published: December 2016

Dans la deuxième moitié du xix	e siècle, les patrons miniers s’intéressent à la question de l’usage des salaires et à l’épargne ouvrière. Dans cette optique, ils entendent éduquer les jeunes filles, futures épouses de mineurs, à l’économie domestique. Cet article propose de revenir sur les positions des patrons des mines d’Anzin et de Lens concernant l’utilisation du budget ouvrier et l’attitude des femmes dans leur gestion de l’argent. Nous verrons comment ces deux postures influent sur le contenu de l’enseignement ménager et traduisent de la part des patrons miniers une volonté de montrer leur investissement dans l’amélioration des conditions de vie de leurs ouvriers et de leurs familles.
Une incompréhension de la pauvreté ?
Authors: Albert Anaïs 
Published: December 2016

Le Mont-de-Piété de Paris détient le monopole du prêt sur gages dans la capitale et cette pratique s’appuie dès l’origine sur une vision fortement morale : il s’agit d’offrir un crédit charitable, pensé comme une forme de secours pour les plus pauvres. Mais cette inscription dans l’univers de la bienfaisance, ainsi qu’une incompréhension des transformations économiques et sociales qui affectent les classes populaires parisiennes, provoquent de grandes difficultés de fonctionnement qui entraînent l’institution dans une profonde crise. Celle-ci n’est résolue que par sa transformation en Crédit Municipal − c’est-à-dire en banque − en 1919.
Chapitre 3. Favoriser concrètement le rôle actif et citoyen de la personne âgée : une application du care capacitant
Authors: Closon Marie-Christine , Léonard Christian 
Published: December 2016

Cet article s’interroge sur la signification du renforcement du rôle actif de la personne âgée entre l’injonction sociétale à se sentir responsable des coûts de son comportement pour la collectivité et la liberté de définir son projet de vie et d’avoir les moyens de le mettre en œuvre. Il décrit deux expériences menées dans deux communes bruxelloises d’un modèle de co-construction avec la personne âgée d’un projet de vie à domicile qui favorise le maintien de son rôle actif pour la définition de ses besoins (sociaux, médicaux) et la recherche de solution. Il met en évidence les problèmes qu’une telle approche rencontre en Belgique : séparation dans l’organisation et le financement du social et du médical, financement à l’acte qui ne favorise pas un accompagnement global des problèmes et le renforcement du rôle actif, pressions importantes sur les dépenses sociales qui provoquent une concurrence entre les différents acteurs de l’accompagnement pour assurer leur survie et l’emploi de leur personnel et n’est pas propice à l’accompagnement multidisciplinaire autour de la personne âgée.
De la guerre des disciplines à celle des paradigmes ?
Authors: Ost François , Bailleux Antoine 
Published: December 2016

Cette étude entend examiner à frais nouveaux la question de l’interdisciplinarité, et ce sous l’angle de l’incidence qu’exerce la confrontation de paradigmes rivaux au sein des disciplines en présence, appelées à collaborer, à s’ignorer ou à se rejeter. Six hypothèses sont formulées, qui conduisent à relativiser les conflits entre disciplines (conflits qui se ramènent le plus souvent à des oppositions entre paradigmes rivaux en leur sein), tout en redramatisant les tensions entre ces paradigmes rivaux (qui prennent appui sur des orientations disciplinaires distinctes pour se développer). Il en résulte que la discussion scientifique gagnerait beaucoup à l’élucidation des paradigmes en présence plutôt qu’à l’exacerbation des spécificités disciplinaires et à la revendication de leur « pureté » prétendue. Cette étude se prolonge dans un second article, qui entreprend de confronter ces six hypothèses à la crise que traverse aujourd’hui le « paradigme croissanciel ». Ce second volet est publié dans le cadre du dossier intitulé « Quand la croissance pâlit », que le lecteur trouvera un peu plus loin dans ce même numéro.
Six hypothèses à l’épreuve du paradigme croissanciel
Authors: Bailleux Antoine , Ost François 
Published: December 2016

Cet article s’inscrit dans le prolongement direct de l’étude figurant dans ce même volume, et intitulée De la guerre des disciplines à celle des paradigmes ? . Cette étude, rappelons-le, développait six hypothèses conduisant à relativiser les conflits entre disciplines, tout en redramatisant les tensions entre ces paradigmes rivaux. Les pages qui suivent entreprennent de nourrir ces six hypothèses à partir de l’analyse du conflit entre un paradigme dominant, que nous qualifions de « croissanciel », et un paradigme émergent, que nous appelons « écologique ». Cette contribution a lancé les travaux menés actuellement par le SIEJ sur le thème de la place du droit dans une société de l’après-croissance.