bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the potential of plant species invasion influencing bio‐geomorphologic landscape formation in salt marshes
Authors: Schwarz Christian , Ysebaert Tom , Vandenbruwaene Wouter , Temmerman Stijn , Zhang LiQuan , Herman Peter M. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSpecies invasions are known to change biotic and abiotic ecosystem characteristics such as community structure, cycling of materials and dynamics of rivers. However, their ability to alter interactions between biotic and abiotic ecosystem components, in particular bio‐geomorphic feedbacks and the resulting landscape configuration in tidal wetlands, such as tidal channels have not yet been demonstrated. We studied the impact of altered bio‐geomorphic feedbacks on geomorphologic features (i.e. tidal wetland channels), by comparing proxies for channel network geometry (unchanneled flow lengths, fractal dimension) over time between non‐invaded and invaded salt marsh habitats. The non‐invaded habitats (the south of eastern Chongming Island, Yangtze estuary, China) show little change in network geometry over time with a tendency for an increased drainage density. The invaded site (salt marshes in the north of eastern Chongming Island invaded by the exotic plant species Spartina alterniflora) showed a decreasing tendency in channel drainage density throughout and after the species invasion. This suggests that species invasions might not only affect biotic ecosystem characteristics, but also their ability to change bio‐geomorphic feedback loops, potentially leading to changes in existing geomorphologic features and therefore landscape configuration. Our results further suggest that the species invasion also altered sediment composition. Based on observations we propose a mechanism explaining the change in channel drainage density by an alteration in plant properties. The physical and physiological characteristics of the invading species Spartina alterniflora clearly differ from the native species Scirpus mariqueter, inducing different bio‐geomorphic feedback loops leading to the observed change in salt marsh channel configuration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying groundwater–surface water interactions in a proglacial valley, Cordillera Blanca, Peru
Authors: Somers Lauren D. , Gordon Ryan P. , McKenzie Jeffrey M. , Lautz Laura K. , Wigmore Oliver , Glose AnneMarie , Glas Robin , Aubry‐Wake Caroline , Mark Bryan , Baraer Michel , Condom Thomas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA myriad of downstream communities and industries rely on streams fed by both groundwater discharge and glacier meltwater draining the Cordillera Blanca, Northern Peruvian Andes, which contains the highest density of glaciers in the tropics. During the dry season, approximately half the discharge in the region's proglacial streams comes from groundwater. However, because of the remote and difficult access to the region, there are few field methods that are effective at the reach scale to identify the spatial distribution of groundwater discharge. An energy balance model, Rhodamine WT dye tracing, and high‐definition kite‐borne imagery were used to determine gross and net groundwater inputs to a 4‐km reach of the Quilcay River in Huascaran National Park, Peru. The HFLUX computer programme (http://hydrology.syr.edu/hflux.html) was used to simulate the Quilcay River's energy balance using stream temperature observations, meteorological measurements, and kite‐borne areal photography. Inference from the model indicates 29% of stream discharge at the reach outlet was contributed by groundwater discharge over the study section. Rhodamine WT dye tracing results, coupled with the energy balance, show that approximately 49% of stream water is exchanged (no net gain) with the subsurface as gross gains and losses. The results suggest that gross gains from groundwater are largest in a moraine subreach but because of large gross losses, net gains are larger in the meadow subreaches. These insights into pathways of groundwater–surface water interaction can be applied to improve hydrological modelling in proglacial catchments throughout South America. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of river water temperature: a comparison between a new family of hybrid models and statistical approaches
Authors: Piccolroaz Sebastiano , Calamita Elisa , Majone Bruno , Gallice Aurélien , Siviglia Annunziato , Toffolon Marco 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRiver water temperature is a key physical variable controlling several chemical, biological and ecological processes. Its reliable prediction is a main issue in many environmental applications, which however is hampered by data scarcity, when using data‐demanding deterministic models, and modelling limitations, when using simpler statistical models. In this work we test a suite of models belonging to air2stream family, which are characterized by a hybrid formulation that combines a physical derivation of the key equation with a stochastic calibration of parameters. The air2stream models rely solely on air temperature and streamflow, and are of similar complexity as standard statistical models.The performances of the different versions of air2stream in predicting river water temperature are compared with those of the most common statistical models typically used in the literature. To this aim, a dataset of 38 Swiss rivers is used, which includes rivers classified into four different categories according to their hydrological characteristics: low‐land natural rivers, lake outlets, snow‐fed rivers and regulated rivers. The results of the analysis provide practical indications regarding the type of model that is most suitable to simulate river water temperature across different time scales (from daily to seasonal) and for different hydrological regimes. A model intercomparison exercise suggests that the family of air2stream hybrid models generally outperforms statistical models, while cross‐validation conducted over a 30‐year period indicates that they can be suitably adopted for long‐term analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of inorganic toxicity reference values for use in assessing hazards to American robins (Turdus migratorius)
Authors: Beyer W Nelson , Sample Bradley E 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

When performing screening-level and baseline risk assessments, assessors usually compare estimated exposures of wildlife receptor species with toxicity reference values (TRVs). We modeled the exposure of American robins (Turdus migratorius) to 10 elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn, and V) in spring and early summer, a time when earthworms are the preferred prey. We calculated soil benchmarks associated with possible toxic effects to these robins from 6 sets of published TRVs. Several of the resulting soil screening-level benchmarks were inconsistent with each other and less than soil background concentrations. Accordingly, we examined the derivations of the TRVs as a possible source of error. In the case of V, a particularly toxic chemical compound (ammonium vanadate) containing V, not normally present in soil, had been used to estimate a TRV. In the cases of Zn and Cu, use of uncertainty values of 10 in estimating TRVs led to implausibly low soil screening values. In the case of Pb, a TRV was calculated from studies demonstrating reductions in egg production in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to Pb concentrations well below than those causing toxic effects in other species of birds. The results on quail, which were replicated in additional trials, are probably not applicable to other, unrelated species, although we acknowledge that only a small fraction of all species of birds has been tested. These examples underscore the importance of understanding the derivation and relevance of TRVs before selecting them for use in screening or in ecological risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:352–359. © 2016 SETAC
Case–Control Study on Impact of the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene Polymorphism and Additional Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)– SNP Interaction on Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancers Risk in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Xing Yan‐li , Liu Feng , Li Jian‐feng , Lin Jian‐cong , Zhu Guo‐dong , Li Ming , Zhang Chang‐ran , Niu Yuan‐yuan 
Published: May 2016

AimsTo investigate the impact of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene polymorphism and additional SNP–SNP interaction on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk in Chinese population.MethodsA total of 828 participants (526 males, 302 females), with a mean age of 71.3 ± 15.7 years old, were selected, including 410 NSCLC patients and 418 normal participants. Logistic regression was performed to investigate association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and NSCLC risk. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to analysis the interaction among four SNPs.ResultsNon‐small cell lung cancer risk was significantly higher in carriers of G allele of the rs2736100 polymorphism than those with TT (TG + GG vs. TT, adjusted OR (95%CI = 1.68 (1.28–2.07). In addition, we also found that NSCLC risk was also significantly higher in carriers of A allele of the rs2736098 polymorphism than those with GG (GA + AA vs. GG, adjusted OR (95%CI) = 1.52 (1.19–1.93). GMDR analysis indicated that there was a significant two‐locus model (P = 0.0100) involving rs2736098 and rs2736100, indicating a potential gene–gene interaction between rs2736098 and rs2736100. Overall, the two‐locus models had a cross‐validation consistency of 10 of 10, and had the testing accuracy of 62.17%. We found that patients with GA or AA of rs2736098 and TG or GG of rs2736100 genotype have the highest NSCLC risk, compared to patients with GG of rs2736098 and TT of rs2736100 genotype, OR (95%CI) was 2.52 (1.68–3.68), after covariates adjustment.ConclusionsMinor allele of rs2736098 and rs2736100 in TERT gene and interaction between the two SNP were associated with increased risk of NSCLC risk.
Ultrasound‐guided perineural injection for nerve blockade: Does a single‐sided injection produce circumferential nerve coverage?
Authors: Nwawka O. Kenechi , Miller Theodore T. , Jawetz Shari T. , Saboeiro Gregory R. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeOur current clinical technique for sonographic‐guided perineural injection consists of two‐sided perineural needle placement to obtain circumferential distribution of the injectate. This study aimed to determine if a single‐side needle position will produce circumferential nerve coverage.MethodsFresh‐frozen cadaveric specimens were used for this study. In six upper extremities, a needle was positioned along the deep surface of median, radial, and ulnar nerves in the carpal tunnel, radial tunnel, and cubital tunnel, respectively, and 2 ml of contrast was injected for each nerve. In three pelvic specimens, a needle was positioned deep to the sciatic nerves bilaterally, and 5 ml of contrast was injected. An additional four median nerve injections were performed using superficial surface needle position. The specimens then underwent CT scanning to assess the distribution of the perineural contrast medium.ResultsOne hundred percent of the radial, ulnar, and sciatic nerves demonstrated circumferential distribution on CT. Only 50% of the median nerve injections with the needle placed deep to the nerve produced circumferential coverage, whereas 100% of median nerves injected with the needle between the nerve and retinaculum demonstrated circumferential coverage. The average length of spread of perineural injectate was 11.6 cm in the upper extremity and 10.3 cm for the sciatic nerves.ConclusionsUsing clinical volumes of fluid, needle positioning at the deep surface of upper extremity and sciatic nerves was sufficient to produce circumferential coating of the nerve, except in the carpal tunnel, where placement of the needle between the nerve and flexor retinaculum is recommended. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:465–469, 2016
The detection of viable myocardium by low‐dose dobutamine stress speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with old myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Liang , Wang Fengli , Xu Tongda , Chen Junhong , Wang Chaofan , Wang Xiaoping , Li Dongye 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo explore the significance and value of speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE) associated with low‐dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (LDDSE) for the detection of viable myocardium (VM) in patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI).MethodsWe performed STE with LDDSE in 33 hospitalized patients with OMI and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. QLAB software was used to analyze strain (S) and strain rate (Sr). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was subsequently performed. The movement of each wall segment was observed by routine echocardiography before and after 1, 3, and 6 months of PCI, and improvement was regarded as the gold standard for diagnosing VM.ResultsCompared with semi‐quantitative wall‐motion analysis combined with LDDSE, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of c‐STE (combining the three directions of S and Sr) at LDDSE were 91.6%, 79.5%, and 87.5%, respectively (p < 0.02). Among the deformation parameters, longitudinal strain (LS) and longitudinal strain rate (LSr) had the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Upon combining LS and LSr at LDDSE to parallel tests, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 91.7%, 90%, and 90.6%, respectively. Compared with baseline, LVEF after PCI increased from 43.3% ± 2.6% to 47.3% ± 2.9% (p < 0.001).ConclusionsGlobal strain at LDDSE is superior to semi‐quantitative wall‐motion analysis with LDDSE for the assessment of VM. When the multivariable analysis and the parallel tests are combined, LS combined with LSr can be considered an independent predictor of VM. LVEF is improved after PCI in patients with VM and OMI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:545–554, 2016
Improved analysis of lek count data using N‐mixture models
Authors: McCaffery Rebecca , Nowak J. Joshua , Lukacs Paul M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a species of conservation concern in western North America that is experiencing ongoing population declines due to habitat loss, energy development, disease, and other factors. It is therefore imperative to have robust estimates of population size and trends in this species across its range as part of monitoring, management, and conservation efforts. Greater sage‐grouse are typically monitored by conducting counts of males at breeding leks, but the relationship between this index and true population size is unknown. In an attempt to improve the analyses of this population index, we examined the potential of N‐mixture models to evaluate population size, detection probability, and trend in greater sage‐grouse using lek count data collected over space and time. We used simulations to test how well the models recovered abundance and growth rate parameters with increasingly sparse count data. We found that the models correctly recovered parameters for scenarios with both constant and variable detection probability, even with up to 90% of the data missing, where 95% of simulations contained the true population growth rate parameter value within the 95% credible interval. We then applied the model to 13 years of lek count data from Montana, USA, collected at 2 spatial scales. Statewide, we determined that the population was decreasing by 7% per year on average over this time period, and that mean annual detection probability ranged from 0.20 to 0.76. In contrast, regressions of naïve counts over time showed a 9% annual decrease in population size with a confidence interval spanning 0. High interannual variability in detection probability demonstrates that naïve counts do not accurately measure interannual variability in population size, and may lead to misleading trends in population size over time. Although N‐mixture models still have limitations, they are a promising approach for conducting robust analyses of population trends for species that aggregate at discrete breeding sites, even when datasets are sparse or uneven. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Characteristics of patients potentially eligible for pharmacotherapy for weight loss in primary care practice in the United States
Authors: Zhang Shumin , Manne Sudhakar , Lin Jennifer , Yang Jiao 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of real‐world patients potentially eligible for adjunctive pharmacotherapy for weight loss.MethodsPatients from the GE Centricity electronic medical record database were selected if they had body mass index (BMI) ≥30 or ≥27 to <30 kg m−2 with ≥1 obesity‐associated comorbidity (hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes) from 2002–2011; were aged ≥18 years and had ≥12 months of continuous enrollment before and after the date of first eligible BMI recorded (index date). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for analysis.ResultsOf the 1,835,541 patients with overweight or obesity included, comorbidities were common (hypertension [55.4%], dyslipidemia [36.1%] and type 2 diabetes [13.4%]). The percentage of patients who received pharmacotherapy for weight loss was 0.7% within 12 months after the index date. Patients who received pharmacotherapy had higher BMI (median, 33.6 vs. 31.3 kg m−2), were younger (median, 42 vs. 52 years), primarily women (84.3 vs. 58.2%), commercially insured (70.1 vs. 50.4%) and had more frequent use of antidepressants (30.8 vs. 14.1%) and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (21.7 vs. 12.0%) than those who did not at baseline (all P values < 0.0001).ConclusionsFew eligible patients received pharmacotherapy for weight loss. Patients who received pharmacotherapy tended to be heavier, younger, female, commercially insured, and used more antidepressants and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Molecular dynamics simulation of DNA‐directed assembly of nanoparticle superlattices using patterned templates
Authors: Pan S. , Li T. I. N. G. , Olvera de la Cruz M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTDNA‐directed assembly is a well developed approach in constructing desired nano‐architectures. On the other hand, E‐beam lithography is widely utilized for high resolution nano‐scale patterning. Recently, a new technique combining these two methods was developed to epitaxially grow DNA‐mediated nanoparticle superlattices on patterned substrates. However, defects are observed in epitaxial layers which restricts this technique from building large‐scale superlattices for real applications. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to study and predict defect formation on adsorbed superlattice monolayers. We demonstrate that this epitaxial growth is energetically driven by maximizing DNA hybridization between the epitaxial layer and the substrate and that the shape anisotropy of the DNA‐mediated template posts leads to structural defects. We also develop design rules to dramatically reduce defects on epitaxial layers. Ultimately, with the assist of the computational study, this technique will open the door to constructing well‐ordered, three‐dimensional novel nanomaterials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1687–1692
Efficient bioconversion of l-glutamate to γ-aminobutyric acid by Lactobacillus brevis resting cells
Authors: Shi Xiufeng , Chang Chuanyou , Ma Shenxi , Cheng Yibing , Zhang Jun , Gao Qiang 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This work investigated the efficient bioconversion process of l-glutamate to GABA by Lactobacillus brevis TCCC 13007 resting cells. The optimal bioconversion system was composed of 50 g/L 48 h cultivated wet resting cells, 0.1 mM pyridoxal phosphate in glutamate-containing 0.6 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) and performed at 45 °C and 180 rpm. By 10 h bioconversion at the ratio of 80 g/L l-glutamic acid to 240 g/L monosodium glutamate, the final titer of GABA reached 201.18 g/L at the molar bioconversion ratio of 99.4 %. This process presents a potential for industrial and commercial applications and also offers a promising feasibility of continuous GABA production coupled with fermentation. Besides, the built kinetics model revealed that the optimum operating conditions were 45 °C and pH 4.5, and the bioconversion kinetics at low ranges of substrate concentration (0 &lt; S &lt; 80 g/L) was assumed to follow the classical Michaelis–Menten equation.
Study of Crystal Violet Hueing Dye Deposition on Fabrics During Home Laundry
Authors: Pei Liujun , Wu Jindan , Wang Qiuju , Wang Jiping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe influence of hueing dye on the fabric b* value and CIE whiteness during home laundry was investigated using crystal violet dye to study the accumulation mechanism on fabric samples. Fabrics treated with the crystal violet dye had a lower b* value and a higher CIE whiteness. The dye accumulation was much higher on nylon or nylon/lycra blends than on cotton and polyester fabrics. The fabric surface charge and surface energy were also studied, and the dye‐fiber interaction was investigated based on fiber and dye molecular structure. The study indicates: (1) the electrostatic adsorption is the main contributor to the deposition and accumulation of hueing dyes on fabrics; (2) fabric surface energy may play an important role in the dye‐fiber interaction. The more hydrophobic the fiber surface, the less dye accumulates on the fabric during home laundry.
Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Cytoplasm
Authors: Rashid Farooq , Shah Abdullah , Shan Ge 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
An enormous amount of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from eukaryotic genome are important regulators in different aspects of cellular events. Cytoplasm is the residence and the site of action for many lncRNAs. The cytoplasmic lncRNAs play indispensable roles with multiple molecular mechanisms in animal and human cells. In this review, we mainly talk about functions and the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in the cytoplasm. We highlight relatively well-studied examples of cytoplasmic lncRNAs for their roles in modulating mRNA stability, regulating mRNA translation, serving as competing endogenous RNAs, functioning as precursors of microRNAs, and mediating protein modifications. We also elaborate the perspectives of cytoplasmic lncRNA studies.