bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex roles in nest keeping – how information asymmetry contributes to parent‐offspring co‐adaptation
Authors: Lucass Carsten , Fresneau Nolwenn , Eens Marcel , Müller Wendt 
Published: February 2016

AbstractParental food provisioning and offspring begging influence each other reciprocally. This makes both traits agents and targets of selection, which may ultimately lead to co‐adaptation. The latter may reflect co‐adapted parent and offspring genotypes or could be due to maternal effects. Maternal effects are in turn likely to facilitate in particular mother‐offspring co‐adaptation, further emphasized by the possibility that mothers are sometimes found to be more responsive to offspring need. However, parents may not only differ in their sensitivity, but often play different roles in postnatal care. This potentially impinges on the access to information about offspring need. We here manipulated the information on offspring need as perceived by parents by playing back begging calls at a constant frequency in the nest‐box of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). We measured the parental response in provisioning to our treatment, paying particular attention to sex differences in parental roles and whether such differences alter the perception of the intensity of our manipulation. This enabled us to investigate whether an information asymmetry about offspring need exists between parents and how such an asymmetry relates to co‐adaptation between parental provisioning and offspring begging. Our results show that parents indeed differed in the frequency how often they perceived the playback due to the fact that females spent more time with their offspring in the nest box. Correcting for the effective exposure of an adult to the playback, the parental response in provisioning covaried more strongly (positive) with offspring begging intensity, independent of the parental sex, indicating coadaptation on the phenotypic level. Females were not more sensitive to experimentally increased offspring need than males, but they were exposed to more broadcasted begging calls. Therefore, sex differences in access to information about offspring need, due to different parental roles, have the potential to impinge on family conflicts and their resolution.
Cationic BPI‐Gold(III) Complexes: Controlling Ligating and Nonligating Anions
Authors: Roth Torsten , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA new synthetic protocol has been devised to access cationic gold(III) bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindolato (BPI) complexes. The rigid BPI framework was shown to stabilize this type of coordination compound and allowed different substitution patterns in the ligand periphery. The synthesis of these complexes tolerates both air and moisture and does not require transmetalation steps with toxic thallium or mercury compounds. Notably, control of the counterion was achieved through the use of an ion‐exchange resin and salt metathesis. The selective modification and transformation of the anionic ligand in the fourth coordination site of the square‐planar complexes was studied while leaving the noncoordinated counterion unchanged. Such transformations, which are of importance in the coordination chemistry and catalysis of gold(III) complexes, proved to be very selective, provided that the ligating and nonligating anionic species where sufficiently different in nature. In all cases, strict N,N,N‐coordination of the BPI scaffold was found, thus conserving the C2v symmetry of the square‐planar complexes.
Secondary Structures in Inorganic Helicates of an Octadentate Phenanthroline‐Type Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Begum Ameerunisha , Seewald Oliver , Seshadri Tarimala , Flörke Ulrich , Henkel Gerald 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo analyze the contribution of supramolecular interactions to helical architectures and to investigate whether ligand folding can be induced by only protons in a similar fashion in the absence of metal ions, a new 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen)‐based extended ligand, C12H6N2[CHNC6H4NH(C10H6N)]2 (L1), its copper(I) complexes, [Cu2(C12H6N2{CHNC6H4NH(C10H6N)}2)2] [PF6]2 (1), [Cu2(C12H6N2{CHNC6H4NH(C10H6N)}2)2][BF4]2 (2), [Cu2(C12H6N2{CHNC6H4NH(C10H6N)}2)2][CuCl2]2·CH2Cl2 (3), and [Cu4(C12H6N2{CHNC6H4NH(C10H6N)}2)2][Cu2I4] (4), were prepared and structurally characterized. Ligand L1 wraps copper(I) ions in two intriguingly different fashions depending on the nature of the anions. Although dicopper helicates 1–3 and tetracopper helicate 4 show significant intermolecular interactions that show considerable structural relationships with DNA, helicate 4 more closely resembles the structural features of DNA that even phen‐based stacking interactions are present between the two helical strands. In complex 4, the dinuclear [Cu2I4]2– dianion is involved in intermolecular interactions, which joins two cationic units in a linear fashion, whereas the monoanions in complexes 1–3 (i.e., PF6–, BF4–, and CuCl2–) are only involved in intramolecular interactions or connect the cations laterally. The anion‐dependent topology serves as a reminder that the helical topology of a cation can be altered by changing the nature of the anion.
Influence of A1,3 Strain on the Stereochemical Outcome of Acid‐Mediated Amido Cyclization in the Synthesis of 2‐(4‐Methoxyphenyl)‐3,4‐(dihydroxy)piperidines
Authors: Ramakrishna Katakam , Jagadeesh Yerri , Ramakrishna K. V. S , Rao Joshi Laxmikanth , Rao Batchu Venkateswara 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,4‐(dihydroxy)piperidines was accomplished by using ethyl p‐methoxycinnamate as the starting material and an acid‐mediated amido cyclization reaction as the key step. This short and straightforward strategy avoids extra steps to create the chiral center and does not require a leaving group at the benzylic carbon. This study also showed that the stereochemical outcome of the cyclization reaction is influenced more by allylic 1,3‐strain (A1,3 strain) than by the participation of a neighboring group.
Development of an activated carbon‐supported zero‐valent iron catalyst (AC‐Fe0) for enhancing degradation of reactive brilliant orange and reducing iron sludge production
Authors: Li Dongyu , Zhu Jishu , Wu Jinhua , Yin Weizhao , Liang Hao , Lin Guanghui 
Published: February 2016

Pure zero‐valent iron (ZVI) has poor catalytic capacity due to its agglomeration and slow corrosion rate in neutral solution and hence requires acid condition for heterogeneous Fenton reaction. In this study, we develop an activated carbon (AC)‐supported ZVI catalyst (AC‐Fe0) that was prepared with a one‐step reductive roasting method by employing AC as a reductant and supporting matrix. The constructed AC‐Fe0 was then used for Fenton degradation of an azo dye reactive brilliant orange (X‐GN). Analyses from multiple characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Brunnaer‐Emmett‐Teller) show that ZVI particles with a diameter of about 5 μm were dispersed on the surface and pores of the AC. We show that the AC‐Fe0 could be used as a highly effective catalyst for Fenton degradation of X‐GN. A nearly unity efficiency of X‐GN decoloration was achieved within 80 min reaction time under neutral solution condition that was attributed to the well‐dispersion of ZVI particles on the AC and the formation of numerous galvanic cells between the ZVI and the AC. The decoloration of X‐GN was found to follow the pseudo‐first order kinetics and the apparent rate constant was measured to be 6.5 × 10−2 min−1 at 30°C. We conclude that this newly‐developed AC‐Fe0 technique greatly reduces the generation of massive iron‐containing sludge as the remaining ferric ion in the solution was minimized (<1 mg L−1) after the reaction. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 949–956, 2016
Adsorption and subsequent detoxification of hexavalent chromium in aqueous solution using polypyrrole‐bacterial extracellular polysaccharide nanocomposite
Authors: Rajeswari V. , Janaki V. , Shanthi K. , Kamala‐Kannan S. 
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the adsorption and Cr(VI) detoxification potential of polypyrrole‐bacterial extracellular polysaccharide (PPy‐EPS) nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomer with bacterial extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). Scanning and transmission electron micrographs showed the nanocomposites to be irregular in shape and mostly present in aggregates. Fourier transform infrared analyses illustrate the characteristic peaks (2934, 1548, 1463, and 1165 cm−1) of both pyrrole and bacterial extracellular polysaccharides. X‐ray diffractogram showed the amorphous nature of the nanocomposite, and the surface area of the PPy‐EPS nanocomposite was measured as 26.21 m2 g−1. The nanocomposite efficiently reduced more than 80% of Cr(VI) within 30 min. The X‐ray diffractogram corresponding to the crystal planes ((012), (110)) of Cr2O3 further confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI). The results of the study confirm PPy‐EPS nanocomposite as suitable option for the treatment of Cr(VI)‐bearing industrial wastewaters. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1293–1297, 2016
Evaluation of the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) in Adolescents with Eating Disorders: Factor Structure and Relation to Eating Disordered Psychopathology
Authors: Swenne Ingemar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to explore the factor structure of the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) in a clinical sample of Swedish adolescents with eating disorders (ED) and to study the relationship of CET with ED cognitions, body weight and exercise frequency.MethodsThe compulsive Exercise Test, the Eating Disorders Examination‐Questionnaire, body mass index (BMI) and exercise frequency were available at assessment of 210 adolescents (age 14.4 ± 1.6 years) with ED.ResultsFactor analysis generated four factors with close similarity to factors previously obtained in a community sample of adolescents samples and supported the use of the original version of CET. Exercise for weight control was strongly related to ED cognitions but less to exercise frequency and BMI. Exercise for regulation of mood was related to ED cognitions and exercise frequency but not to BMI.DiscussionIn adolescents with ED, different aspects of exercise are related to ED cognitions. This needs addressing in the treatment of adolescents with ED. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The geological nature and geodynamics of the Okinawa Trough, Western Pacific
Authors: Liu Bo , Li San‐Zhong , Suo Yan‐Hui , Li Guang‐Xue , Dai Li‐Ming , Somerville I. D. , Guo Ling‐Li , Zhao Shu‐Juan , Yu Shan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere is a continuing hot debate on whether the geodynamics in the West Pacific indicate either a marginal basin or back‐arc basin, since the nature, evolution and formation mechanism are not well known. Research on the Okinawa Trough (OT), which is an active back‐arc basin, has important scientific significance for discussing the opening and development of a marginal basin or back‐arc basin. This paper synthesizes data on the crustal thickness, heat flow, hydrothermal activity and fault patterns to determine the geological nature of the OT. By comparing the thicknesses of initial oceanic crusts of global passive continental margins and marginal basins in the West Pacific, the central and southern OT are interpreted to be at the early stage of seafloor spreading, generating new oceanic crust at the spreading centre, while the northern OT is at the mature stage of continental rifting, having the character of transitional crust. The NE‐ and NNE‐trending faults are dominant in the OT. The NE‐trending strike‐slip faults control the stratigraphic succession and structural framework of the OT. The NNE‐trending strike‐slip faults triggered the back‐arc rifting or extension and evolved into transform faults with the emergence of oceanic crust. The Cenozoic tectonic jumping in the East Asia Continental Margin, including the OT, indicates that the eastward movement of the mantle flow under the Eurasian Plate should be the main dynamic source. Because the Philippine Sea Plate is obliquely and passively subducted, the evolution of the OT can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the initial rifting, triggered by the back‐arc normal faulting. The second stage is the passive spreading, triggered by the strike‐slip pull‐apart process or transtensional faulting of NNE‐trending faults. The third stage is the initial divergence of the relic and Ryukyu island arcs, triggered by new‐born oceanic crustal spreading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of A‐type granite in the southeastern Kunlun Orogen, Qinghai Province, China: implications for the tectonic framework of the Eastern Kunlun Orogen
Authors: Peng Bo , Li Bile , Zhao Tuofei , Wang Chao , Chang Jingjuan , Wang Guozhi , Yang Wenlong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Dalijigetang syenogranite in the eastern section of the Eastern Kunlun Orogen (EKO), China, is rich in SiO2 and alkali elements, has high FeOT/MgO ratios and is strongly depleted in CaO and MgO. Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns show light REEs enrichment, heavy REEs depletion and negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.43–0.53). The 104Ga/Al values range from 2.69 to 10.31. The combined total concentrations of Zr, Nb, Ce and Y (mean = 420.04 ppm) indicate that the Dalijigetang syenogranite is an A‐type granite. The zircon εHf(t) values relatively are all moderately negative (−6.1 to −10.7), and the model ages (tDM2) range from 1666 to 1960 Ma (mean = 1801 Ma), which is much older than zircon U–Pb ages (259 Ma). Based on integrated isotopic and geochemical data, we infer that the syenogranite formed by the partial melting of lower crustal material under low‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions. Based on the above data, combined with the regional geological background, we conclude that the Dalijigetang A‐type syenogranite formed during an end‐early Permian period of extension between two episodic subduction events within the EKO. This suggests that the onset of northward subduction of the Palaeo‐Tethyan Ocean plate might have commenced as early as the early Permian. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between cytoplasmic CRABP2, altered retinoic acid signaling, and poor prognosis in glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Rong‐Zong , Li Shuai , Garcia Elizabeth , Glubrecht Darryl D. , Yin Poon Ho , Easaw Jacob C. , Godbout Roseline 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTRetinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, is required for the regulation of growth and development. Aberrant expression of molecules involved in RA signaling has been reported in various cancer types including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Cellular retinoic acid‐binding protein 2 (CRABP2) has previously been shown to play a key role in the transport of RA to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) to activate their transcription regulatory activity. Here, we demonstrate that CRABP2 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm of GBM tumors. Cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, CRABP2 levels in GBM tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Treatment of malignant glioma cell lines with RA results in a dose‐dependent increase in accumulation of CRABP2 in the cytoplasm. CRABP2 knockdown reduces proliferation rates of malignant glioma cells, and enhances RA‐induced RAR activation. Levels of CRYAB, a small heat shock protein with anti‐apoptotic activity, and GFAP, an astrocyte‐specific intermediate filament protein, are greatly reduced in CRABP2‐depleted cells. Restoration of CRYAB expression partially but significantly reversed the effect of CRABP2 depletion on RAR activation. Our combined in vivo and in vitro data indicate that: (i) CRABP2 is an important determinant of clinical outcome in GBM patients, and (ii) the mechanism of action of CRABP2 in GBM involves sequestration of RA in the cytoplasm and activation of an anti‐apoptotic pathway, thereby enhancing proliferation and preventing RA‐mediated cell death and differentiation. We propose that reducing CRABP2 levels may enhance the therapeutic index of RA in GBM patients. GLIA 2016;64:963–976
When and Why Is Research without Consent Permissible?
Authors: Gelinas Luke , Wertheimer Alan , Miller Franklin G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe view that research with competent adults requires valid consent to be ethical perhaps finds its clearest expression in the Nuremberg Code, whose famous first principle asserts that “the voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential.” In a similar vein, the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights states that “no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.” Yet although some formulations of the consent principle allow no exceptions, others hold that informed consent is not always strictly necessary for ethical research. The U.S. federal regulations known as the “Common Rule,” which govern research with human subjects, lists several conditions for waiving consent. However, neither guidance documents on the ethics of clinical research nor the literature in bioethics contains a general justification of research without consent. The purpose of this paper is to advance a justificatory framework that will explain why research without consent is permissible in paradigmatic cases and that can be useful in analyzing cases about which there is (or is likely to be) disagreement. We argue that research without consent can be justified on two grounds: if it stands to infringe no right of the participants and obtaining consent is impracticable, or if the gravity of the rights infringement is minor and outweighed by the expected social value of the research and obtaining consent is impracticable.
Age- and Sex-Related Changes in Bone Microarchitecture and Estimated Strength: A Three-Year Prospective Study Using HRpQCT
Authors: Shanbhogue Vikram V , Brixen Kim , Hansen Stinus 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Although projections from cross-sectional studies have shown that bone loss leading to osteoporosis begins around menopause in women and later in life in men, this has not been examined longitudinally in population-based studies using high-resolution technology capable of distinguishing cortical (Ct) and trabecular (Tb) bone microarchitecture. The aim of this 3-year prospective study was to investigate age- and sex-related changes in bone compartment–specific geometry, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), microarchitecture, and estimated strength. The distal radius and tibia were imaged at baseline and after 3 years (median 3.0; range, 2.7 to 3.9 years) using high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HRpCT) in an age- and sex-stratified, population-based, random sample of white men and women (n = 260) aged 21 to 82 years. In general, at the radius and tibia there was a moderate annual increase in cortical thickness (Ct.Th) that seemed to offset the increase in cortical porosity (Ct.Po), resulting in net annual increase in cortical vBMD (Ct.vBMD) in premenopausal women and young men. With advancing age, postmenopausal women displayed significant bone loss with decreased trabecular vBMD (Tb.vBMD) (due to loss of entire trabeculae) and Ct.vBMD (manifested as increase in Ct.Po and decrease in Ct.Th) at the radius, and a decline in Ct.vBMD (with increasing Ct.Po) at the tibia, resulting in loss of estimated bone strength. In contrast, men had a lower rate of bone loss with advancing age with smaller increases in Ct.Po at both the skeletal sites. In summary, the pattern of bone loss in men and women was discrepant, with women losing more bone than men with aging, although with a dominance of cortical over trabecular bone loss at the peripheral sites in both sexes. This conforms to epidemiological evidence that most fractures occurring in old age are predominantly at cortical peripheral sites, with women having a higher incidence of fractures than men at any given age. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Class I PI-3-Kinase Signaling Is Critical for Bone Formation Through Regulation of SMAD1 Activity in Osteoblasts
Authors: Gámez Beatriz , Rodríguez-Carballo Edgardo , Graupera Mariona , Rosa José Luis , Ventura Francesc 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Bone formation and homeostasis is carried out by osteoblasts, whose differentiation and activity are regulated by osteogenic signaling networks. A central mediator of these inputs is the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). However, at present, there are no data on the specific role of distinct class IA PI3K isoforms in bone biology. Here, we performed osteoblast-specific deletion in mice to show that both p110α and p110β isoforms are required for survival and differentiation and function of osteoblasts and thereby control bone formation and postnatal homeostasis. Impaired osteogenesis arises from increased GSK3 activity and a depletion of SMAD1 protein levels in PI3K-deficient osteoblasts. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 activity or ectopic expression of SMAD1 or SMAD5 normalizes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) transduction and osteoblast differentiation. Together, these results identify the PI3K-GSK3-SMAD1 axis as a central node integrating multiple signaling networks that govern bone formation and homeostasis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Prenatal diagnosis of tethered spinal cord associated with sacrococcygeal teratoma
Authors: Sivrikoz Tugba Sarac , Has Recep , Esmer Aytul Corbacioglu , Kalelioglu Ibrahim , Yuksel Atil , Taskin Orhun Cig 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTTethered spinal cord is mostly caused by myelomeningocele and lipomyelomeningocele, while dermal sinus tract, diastematomyelia, lipoma, tumor, thickened/tight filum terminale, spinal trauma, and spinal surgery are among the other causes. Prenatal diagnosis of tethered cord has been reported, and it is usually associated with neural tube defects. We present an atypical presentation of a tethered spinal cord, which was associated with a sacrococcygeal teratoma and was diagnosed in the 23rd week of pregnancy by ultrasonography. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:506–509, 2016