bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Physician Training on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Patrick Sean P. , Gaudet Lindsay A. , Krebs Lynette D. , Chambers Thane , Rowe Brian H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common emergency department (ED) brain injury presentation worldwide. Despite its frequency, practice variation and care gaps exist among emergency physicians (EPs) in diagnosing and appropriately managing mTBI in the ED. The objective of this review was to identify mTBI‐specific training undertaken to improve the detection and management of mTBIs by EPs and its impact on practice.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy utilized four bibliographic databases, the gray literature and the keywords concussion, mild traumatic brain injury, medical education, and continuing medical education (CME). To be included, studies were required to report on mTBI training received by practicing EPs at any point during their medical education or career. Studies examining clinical practice guidelines or use of diagnostic tools without active implementation or formal training were not included. Two reviewers screened unique citations for relevance and reviewed the full texts of relevant articles. Two independent researchers extracted data and assessed methodologic quality. At all stages, a third independent reviewer adjudicated discrepancies.ResultsOverall, five studies were included from 409 unique results. None of the included studies were of high quality. Identified training on mTBI consisted of three training toolkits, conference presentations and academic journal articles, and pediatric fellowship training. Training primarily occurred as CME and focused on awareness of and management of mTBI; three studies reported physician practice changes, including increases in the use of evidence‐based return‐to‐school and return‐to‐activity recommendations.ConclusionsThe few studies identified addressing mTBI training targeting EPs demonstrate the limited attention given to this issue. The current evidence‐to‐practice gap in mTBI management places patients at risk for suboptimal care in the ED, and existing mTBI knowledge translation, including education, requires optimization to effectively address the current gap in evidence‐based practice for mTBI diagnosis and management in the ED.
An Efficient and Environmentally Benign Bentonite–Gold Nanohybrid‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Ketones with Benzylic Primary Alcohols
Authors: Maya R. J. , Varma R. Luxmi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn efficient, green and sustainable method for the oxidative C−C coupling of ketones and primary alcohols was developed using an environmentally benign bentonite–gold nanohybrid catalyst. This heterogeneous catalyst affords diverse α,β‐unsaturated ketones in excellent yields under ambient reaction conditions in the presence of Cs2CO3 as weak base. The catalyst is selective, recyclable and only water is produced as the side product. This catalytic system is readily applicable for the gram‐scale synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated ketones.
Cu(TFA)2‐Catalyzed Picolinamido‐Directed C(sp2)−H Cyanation of Naphthalenes by Using Benzoyl Cyanide as a Cyano Source
Authors: Song He , Liu Xiaochong , Wang Chenglong , Qiao Jingyi , Chu Wenyi , Sun Zhizhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA protocol for the Cu(TFA)2‐catalyzed (TFA=trifluoroacetic acid) picolinamido‐directed C8−H cyanation of naphthalene derivatives with benzoyl cyanide as the cyano source has been developed. A series of 8‐cyano‐1‐(picolinamido)naphthalene derivatives were efficiently obtained in moderate to good yields by using this method. We prepared a total of 22 products, 10 of which have not previously been reported. Benzoyl cyanide was originally employed for the C(sp2)−H cyanation of arenes. The picolinamide moiety served a critical role as the directing group in this cyanation reaction of naphthalenes.
Evaluation of wall slip effects on the flow characteristics of petroleum coke–water slurry flow along pipelines
Authors: Zhang Xiaobin , Liu Meng , Bikane Kagiso , Li Yanrong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFlow characteristics of petroleum coke–water slurry (PCWS) were investigated in a slurry transportation facility. True rheological properties, drag reduction, and flow resistances of PCWS under the influence of wall slip were studied using the Tikhonov regularization method. Results show that the shear viscosity is insensitive to changes in the shear rate when the solid loading of PCWS is 59.8 wt%. However, the PCWS of 61.1 wt% exhibits typical dilatant fluid properties. As the shear rate increases, the PCWS of 63.4 wt% initially exhibits shear thinning, and then, the viscosity increases sharply when the shear rate exceeds 250 s−1. In addition, the slurry also displays shear thinning at the shear rates exceeding 600 s−1. Modified friction factor‐generalized Reynolds number correlation is established to describe the resistance properties of a laminar flow of PCWS. When increasing the velocity, the drag reduction produced by the wall slip behavior reduces for the 59.8 wt% PCWS but increases for the 61.1 wt% PCWS. The drag reduction decreases at the outset followed by an increase for the 63.4 wt% PCWS. A decrease in the inner diameter of pipeline could enhance the effect of drag reduction of PCWS flowing in a pipeline. © 2017 Curtin University and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties and applications of nanoclay reinforced open‐porous polymer composites
Authors: Yüce Elif , Mert E. Hilal , Şen Sinan , Saygı Semih , San Nevim 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTOpen‐porous nanoclay reinforced polymer composites were prepared via high internal phase emulsion templating using 1,3‐butanediol dimethacrylate and surface modified montmorillonite (SM‐MMT). Organophilic clay was obtained by using a reactive intercalant—quaternary cocoamine salt having a styryl group—for surface modification of MMT. The clay modification resulted in not only intercalated silicate layers but also nanoclay particles compatible with the continuous phase of the emulsions. It was found that increasing clay amount leads to formation of hierarchical porous structure accompanied with larger cavities and interconnected pores. In this respect, cavity size of the resulting composites was found to be altered between 6.78 and 8.82 μm. On the other hand, as compared to bare composites, addition of clay particles increased compressive modulus of the resulting materials from 26.4 to 72.5 MPa. The adsorption capacities of the porous composites for methyl violet 2B were investigated by batch experiments and discussed as a function of their SM‐MMT loading. It was determined that, the dye adsorption of the composites increased with increasing nanoclay amount in the polymer matrix. Thus, the adsorption percentage of the composite loaded with 7 wt % nanoclay was found to be as high as 88%. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45522.
Agglomerate size evolution in modular twin‐screw extruder: Modeling and validation with CaCO3/LLDPE compounding experiments
Authors: Chen Tao , Lin Hua , Zhao Haili , Chen Xin , Wu Tong , Li Guo , Ji Huajian , Sha Jin , Ma Yulu , Xie Linsheng 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe screw combination of twin‐screw extruder affects the filler size in inorganic filler‐reinforced polymeric compounds. This article tried to conveniently and precisely model the agglomerate size evolution in modular co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. The break‐up process of agglomerate was analyzed to obtain the relationship between average deagglomerating energy (M) and agglomerate size, the result presented a mathematic relationship between M and agglomerate size. Numerical simulation study was conducted to consider the effect of kneading blocks (KB) or flight elements (FE) number on dispersion capacity of screw combination. The average deagglomerating energy, calculated based on POLYFLOW simulation, was introduced as major parameter to evaluate the dispersion capacity, which presented a proportional relationship to the KB or FE number. The model was developed by combining the agglomerate break‐up process and simulation results. In validation, CaCO3/linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) compounds were prepared by modular co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder with different screw combinations. The optical image analysis showed that CaCO3 agglomerate size decreased with the KB or FE number rising, while it achieved minimum when the KB number was 4. The model was in accordance with the experimental results, and proved to be valid for KB and FE combinations in preparing CaCO3/LLDPE compounds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45535.
Copy Number Changes Identified Using Whole Exome Sequencing in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Honduran Population
Authors: Cai Yi , Patterson Karynne E. , Reinier Frederic , Keesecker Sarah E. , Blue Elizabeth , Bamshad Michael , Haddad Joseph 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe majority of cleft lip with or without cleft palate cases appear as an isolated, nonsyndromic entity (NSCLP). With the advent of next generation sequencing, whole exome sequencing (WES) has been used to identify single nucleotide variants and insertion/deletions which cause or increase the risk of NSCLP. However, to our knowledge, there are no published studies using WES in NSCLP to investigate copy number changes (CNCs), which are a major component of human genetic variation. Our study aimed to identify CNCs associated with NSCLP in a Honduran population using WES.MethodsWES was performed on two to four members of 27 multiplex Honduran families. CNCs were identified using two algorithms, CoNIFER and XHMM. Priority was given to CNCs that were identified in more than one patient and had variant frequencies of less than 5% in reference data sets.ResultsWES completion was defined as >90% of the WES target at >8 × coverage and >80% of the WES target at >20 × coverage. Twenty‐four CNCs that met our inclusion criteria were identified by both CoNIFER and XHMM. These CNCs were confirmed using quantitative PCR. Pedigree analysis produced three CNCs corresponding to ADH7, AHR, and CRYZ segregating with NSCLP. Two of the three CNCs implicate genes, AHR and ADH7, whose known biological functions could plausibly play a role in NSCLP.ConclusionWES can be used to detect candidate CNCs that may be involved in the pathophysiology of NSCLP. Birth Defects Research 109:1257–1267, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A rare case of Epstein–Barr virus‐related plasmacytoma involving maxillary sinus mucosa
Authors: Gibbs Julie D. , Leon Marino E. , Liu Kenia , Nguyen Johnny , Zhang Ling 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageExtramedullary plasmacytomas, Epstein–Bar virus (EBV) associated, are rarely encountered and usually have a fairly good clinical outcome. EBV+ plasmacytoma may cause a diagnostic dilemma as it phenotypically resembles an aggressive plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). Herein, we report a unique case with maxillary EBV+ plasmacytoma from a 76‐year‐old immunocompetent individual.
Metallic Bi Nanocrystal‐Modified Defective BiVO4 Photoanodes with Exposed (040) Facets for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Li Junqi , Guo Liu , Lei Nan , Song Qianqian , Liang Zheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMetallic Bi nanocrystal‐modified defective BiVO4 photoanodes with exposed (040) facets were synthesized though the NaBH4 solution reduction method. B−O bonding at the surface of BiVO4 photoanodes is destroyed, which results in the removal of O atoms and forms oxygen vacancies at the beginning stage of the reduction process, and then Bi3+ ions are reduced to nanometer‐scale metallic Bi that is dispersed uniformly over the surface. BiVO4 photoanodes with this special structure exhibits a high performance for photoelectrochemical water splitting, owing to the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and metallic Bi. The presence of oxygen vacancies could significantly increase the capture ability of photogenerated electrons and improve the adsorption properties of H2O molecules in the process of photoelectrochemistry. Metallic Bi nanocrystals on the surface of BiVO4 photoanodes are beneficial for the photo‐response range as well as the separation and consumption of photogenerated carriers, owing to the surface plasmon resonance effect of Bi. In addition, the formation and function mechanism of metallic Bi and oxygen vacancies is discussed in detail.
Estimation of a Competitive Market Price for New Products via the Manufacturing Costs
Authors: Rähse Wilfried 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDie prognostizierten Marktchancen entscheiden über die Umsetzung eines innovativen Produktes in die Produktion. Die Aussichten verbessern sich bei attraktiven Herstellkosten. Der errechnete Marktpreis ergibt sich aus den Herstell‐ sowie den Einzel‐ und Gemeinkosten des Unternehmens unter Addition einer Gewinnmarge. Eine ergänzende Methode zur Ermittlung des Marktpreises stellt das Zielkostenmanagement dar. Es beruht auf Angebot und Nachfrage und nutzt den Preismeter der Marktforschung. Der festzulegende Marktpreis berücksichtigt zusätzlich die Neuheit und Produktqualität, die Markenstärke und den Wettbewerb.
Design, Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation and Docking Studies of GluN2B‐Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists with a Benzo[7]annulen‐7‐amine Scaffold
Authors: Gawaskar Sandeep , Temme Louisa , Schreiber Julian A. , Schepmann Dirk , Bonifazi Alessandro , Robaa Dina , Sippl Wolfgang , Strutz‐Seebohm Nathalie , Seebohm Guiscard , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAntagonists that selectively target GluN2B‐subunit‐containing N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are of major interest for the treatment of various neurological disorders. In this study, relationships between variously substituted benzo[7]annulen‐7‐amines and their GluN2B affinity were investigated. 2‐Nitro‐5,6,8,9‐tetrahydrobenzo[7]annulen‐7‐one (8) represents the central building block for the introduction of various substituents at the 2‐position and various 7‐amino moieties. N‐(3‐Phenylpropyl)‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐benzo[7]annulen‐7‐amines with a 2‐NO2 (7 c), 2‐Cl (15 c), or 2‐OBn group (22 c) show very high GluN2B affinity (Ki=1.6–3.6 nm). Docking studies revealed the same binding poses for benzo[7]annulen‐7‐amines and ifenprodil at the interface of GluN1b and GluN2B subunits. The large 2‐OBn moiety of 22 c occupies a previously unrecognized subpocket, which explains its high GluN2B affinity (Ki=3.6 nm). In two‐electrode voltage clamp experiments and cytoprotection assays, the high‐affinity GluN2B ligands 7 c, 15 c, and 22 c could not inhibit the glutamate‐/glycine‐evoked current and cytotoxic effects. However, the analogous phenols 16 c ((3‐phenylpropyl)amino moiety) and 16 d ((4‐phenylbutyl)amino moiety) with 10‐fold lower GluN2B affinity (Ki=28 and 21 nm, respectively) showed promising inhibition of glutamate‐/glycine‐evoked effects in both assays. The presence of a phenolic hydroxy group seems to be essential for inducing conformational changes of the receptor protein, which finally results in closure of the ion conduction pathway.
Rhodium‐on‐Palladium Nanocatalysts for Selective Methanation of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Pan Yung‐Tin , Yang Hong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNanocatalysts with a Rh shell and Pd core (Rh‐on‐Pd) were synthesized. These Rh‐on‐Pd catalysts showed the highest selectivity for methane in the methanation of carbon dioxide by hydrogen among Rh, Pd and Rh‐on‐Pd bimetallic core–shell structures tested when the Rh shell became about two atom‐layers thick. In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) study was used to investigate the dynamic structural change of these Rh‐on‐Pd core–shell nanoparticles under hydrogen atmosphere at variable temperatures, showing the feasibility of controlling the surface compositions. Thickening of the Rh shell was observed by nano beam diffraction (NBD) at elevated temperatures during the sintering, resulting in the change of selectivity in methane formation over Rh‐on‐Pd catalysts. This selectivity became similar to that of Rh catalyst at high temperatures due to the disappearance of ligand effects for thick Rh shells. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest CO dissociation on the (111) surface of monolayers or double layers of Rh on Pd structure is energetically favored over either Rh or Pd, showing the potential for producing hydrocarbons through hydrogenation of carbon dioxide.
Dual role of monocyte‐derived dendritic cells in Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Authors: Poncini Carolina V. , González‐Cappa Stella M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPathogens can cause inflammation when inoculated into the skin. The vector‐transmitted protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi induces poor cellular‐infiltration and disseminates, causing high mortality in the experimental model. Here, we characterized the inflammatory foci at the parasite inoculation site and secondary lymphoid organs using a murine model. While no macrophages and few neutrophils and monocytes (Mo) were recruited into the skin, T. cruzi infection elicited the mobilization of Ly6C+ Mo to draining lymph nodes and spleen. Over time, this population became enriched in CD11b+Ly6C+CD11c+MHCII+CD86+ cells resembling inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs). Adoptive transfer of Ly6C+ Mo purified from the bone marrow of CD11c‐GFP transgenic mice confirmed the monocytic origin of Ly6C+ DCs found in the spleen of infected animals. Isolated Mo‐derived cells not only produced TNF‐α and nitric oxide, but also IL‐10 and displayed a poor capacity to induce lymphoproliferation. Ablation of Mo‐derived cells by 5‐fluorouracil confirmed their dual role during infection, limiting the parasite load by inducible nitric oxide synthase‐related mechanisms and negatively affecting the development of anti‐parasite T‐cell response. This study demonstrated that consistent with their antagonistic properties, these cells not only control the parasite spreading but also its persistence in the host.
Hydrogenation of the Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Compound Monobenzyl Toluene: Reaction Pathway and Kinetic Effects
Authors: Leinweber Anatol , Müller Karsten 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLiquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are an interesting option for storing hydrogen through a reversible chemical reaction. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction was studied for the carrier material monobenzyl toluene. GC analysis was used to quantify the components occurring in a complex reaction mixture. It was shown that the hydrogenation reaction proceeds predominantly by stepwise hydrogenation of the aromatic ring. As the molecular structure of monobenzyl toluene is formally the combination of a xylene and a toluene ring, two possible reaction pathways have been evaluated: hydrogenation of the mono‐substituted side ring (toluene) and di‐substituted main ring (xylene). Intermediates for both pathways were detected during the reaction. Concerning the isomeric structure of benzyl toluene, the fastest hydrogenation was observed for the para species. Isomeric mixtures were hydrogenated the slowest.
On Legalizing Physician‐Assisted Death for Dementia
Authors: Dresser Rebecca 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLast November, soon after Colorado became the latest state to authorize physician‐assisted suicide, National Public Radio's The Diane Rehm Show devoted a segment to legalization of “physician assistance in dying,” a label that refers to both physician‐assisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia. Although the segment initially focused on PAD in the context of terminal illness in general, it wasn't long before PAD's potential application to dementia patients came up. A caller said that her mother had Alzheimer's disease and was being cared for at great expense. Suspecting that she will suffer the same fate, the caller reported that she had included in her will “my specific request that if I should be diagnosed, and it is legal to do so, I would like to opt out of a life and many years of suffering.” A few countries, such as the Netherlands and Belgium, already allow PAD for dementia in certain circumstances. It wouldn't be surprising to see a U.S. legalization effort in the coming years.
Decision‐Making for an Incapacitated Pregnant Patient
Authors: Mabel Hilary , Rose Susannah L. , Kodish Eric 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDecisions about continuing or terminating a pregnancy touch on profound, individualized questions about bodily integrity, reproductive autonomy, deeply held values regarding one's capacity for parenthood, and, in the case of a high‐risk pregnancy, the risks one is willing to take to have a baby. So far as possible, reproductive decisions are made between a patient, in some cases her partner, and her medical provider. However, this standard framework cannot be applied if the patient lacks decision‐making capacity. In this essay, we discuss one such case that came before our clinical ethics team. We describe the challenges of respecting a patient's reproductive preferences when the patient cannot share what those preferences are, and we argue that decisions regarding reproductive health care should not be treated with exceptionalism. Rather, they should proceed under the normal processes of surrogate decision‐making, including the application of substituted judgment. This approach enables us to take the patient's values into account when considering the questions implicated in reproductive health care, just as we do for other kinds of health care decisions in which a patient's deeply held values are salient.
Iron Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling of Amine‐ and Phosphine‐Boranes
Authors: Coles Nathan T. , Webster Ruth L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCatalytic dehydrocoupling methodologies, whereby dihydrogen is released from a substrate (or intermolecularly from two substrates) is a mild and efficient method to construct main group element‐main group element bonds, the products of which can be used in advanced materials, and also for the development of hydrogen storage materials. With growing interest in the potential of compounds such as ammonia‐borane to act as hydrogen storage materials which contain a high weight% of H2, along with the current heightened interest in base metal catalyzed processes, this review covers recent developments in amine and phosphine dehydrocoupling catalyzed by iron complexes. The complexes employed, products formed and mechanistic proposals will be discussed.