bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional fiber‐optic readout of single‐neuron‐resolved fluorescence in living brain of transgenic mice
Authors: Fedotov I. V. , Pochechuev M. S. , Ivashkina O. I. , Fedotov A. B. , Anokhin K. V. , Zheltikov A. M. 
Published: May 2016

A bundle of individually addressable optical fibers is shown to enable three‐dimensional optical readout from single neurons in live brain, as well as in intact brain extracted from transgenic mice. With individual fibers in the bundle being only a few microns in diameter, single neurons are readily resolved in brain images transmitted by the fiber bundle. The third dimension is added by scanning the fiber in the longitudinal direction, with the fluorescence return read out from only one of the fibers in the bundle.
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Distinctly different bubble behaviors in a bubble column with pure liquids and alcohol solutions
Authors: Guo Kunyu , Wang Tiefeng , Yang Guangyao , Wang Jinfu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBubble column reactors are widely used in chemical processes and wastewater processing. The relevant properties of surface tension play important roles in the hydrodynamics and bubble coalescence and breakup. However, the underlying mechanisms are complicated and need further research. In this work, the bubble behaviors were studied in a bubble column of 0.1 m i.d. with pure liquids of different surface tension and alcohol solutions varying in concentration and alcohol type.RESULTSThe bubble size and shape were measured by the photographic technique. The gas holdups of small bubbles and large bubbles were measured by dynamic gas disengagement (DGD) experiments. In the pure liquids, the bubble size decreased and the total gas holdup increased with decreasing liquid surface tension. In the alcohol solutions, the liquid surface tension was almost unchanged with a little addition of ethanol to pure water, but the bubble size decreased and the total gas holdup increased significantly. In the ethanol solutions, the gas holdup reached its maximum at a critical ethanol volumetric concentration of about 3%.CONCLUSIONSThe bubble behaviors in pure liquids and alcohol solutions were very different. The coalescence of small bubbles was inhibited more significantly in alcohol solutions than in pure liquids. The dynamic surface tension effect strongly affected the bubble behaviors in the alcohol solutions, and the predicted critical concentration based on this effect agreed well with the experimental value. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The hospitalist perspective on opioid prescribing: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Calcaterra Susan L. , Drabkin Anne D. , Leslie Sarah E. , Doyle Reina , Koester Stephen , Frank Joseph W. , Reich Jennifer A. , Binswanger Ingrid A. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDPain is a frequent symptom among patients in the hospital. Pain management is a key quality indicator for hospitals, and hospitalists are encouraged to frequently assess and treat pain. Optimal opioid prescribing, described as safe, patient‐centered, and informed opioid prescribing, may be at odds with the priorities of current hospital care, which focuses on patient‐reported pain control rather than the potential long‐term consequences of opioid use.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to understand physicians' attitudes, beliefs, and practices toward opioid prescribing during hospitalization and discharge.DESIGNIn‐depth, semistructured interviews.SETTINGTwo university hospitals, a safety‐net hospital, a Veterans Affairs hospital, and a private hospital located in Denver, Colorado or Charleston, South Carolina.PARTICIPANTSHospitalists (N = 25).MEASUREMENTSWe systematically analyzed transcribed interviews and identified emerging themes using a team‐based mixed inductive and deductive approach.RESULTSAlthough hospitalists felt confident in their ability to control acute pain using opioid medications, they perceived limited success and satisfaction when managing acute exacerbations of chronic pain with opioids. Hospitalists recounted negative sentinel events that altered opioid prescribing practices in both the hospital setting and at the time of hospital discharge. Hospitalists described prescribing opioids as a pragmatic tool to facilitate hospital discharges or prevent readmissions. At times, this left them feeling conflicted about how this practice could impact the patient over the long term.CONCLUSIONSStrategies to provide adequate pain relief to hospitalized patients, which allow hospitalists to safely and optimally prescribe opioids while maintaining current standards of efficiency, are urgently needed. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:536–542. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Seasonal variability of saltwater intrusion at a point‐source submarine groundwater discharge
Authors: Parra Sabrina M. , Valle‐Levinson Arnoldo , Mariño‐Tapia Ismael , Enriquez Cecilia , Candela Julio , Sheinbaum Julio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge provides freshwater and nutrients to coastal environments. In some places throughout the world, this direct connection between aquifers and oceans may also allow saltwater intrusion. Saltwater intrusion was studied at a submarine spring within a fringing reef lagoon on the eastern Yucatán Peninsula by observing its intratidal and synoptic‐scale variations during wet and dry periods. Saltwater intrusion was linked to wave‐driven setup, no rain, high tides, and sea‐level rise caused by remote forcing from Yucatán Current variability. Jet discharge velocities were inversely related to tidal oscillations, with maximum velocities at low tides. The wet period produced saltwater intrusion at high tides associated with three different conditions: syzygy tides, wave setup, and Yucatán Current weakening. During the dry period, saltwater intrusion occurred throughout most high tides and was aided by Yucatán Current weakening and wind‐driven setup within the lagoon. These results suggested that seasonal precipitation was most important in modulating spring discharge, followed by syzygy tides, Yucatán Current variability, and wave events. The spring discharge was modeled with a modified Bernoulli energy equation that included a friction term. Aquifer elevation and a friction factor were used as free parameters. The dry period produced the best model results because of infrequent rainfall that yielded a relatively steady aquifer level. Precipitation during the wet period most likely led to a more variable aquifer level, reducing the variance explained by the model that assumes a constant aquifer elevation. Nevertheless, the model predicted saltwater intrusion events reasonably well using simplified physics.
Maximal isometric muscle strength values obtained By hand‐held dynamometry in children between 6 and 15 years of age
Authors: Escobar Raul G. , Munoz Karin T. , Dominguez Angelica , Banados Pamela , Bravo Maria J. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study we aimed to determine the maximal isometric muscle strength of a healthy, normal‐weight, pediatric population between 6 and 15 years of age using hand‐held dynamometry to establish strength reference values. The secondary objective was determining the relationship between strength and anthropometric parameters. Methods: Four hundred normal‐weight Chilean children, split into 10 age groups, separated by 1‐year intervals, were evaluated. Each age group included between 35 and 55 children. Results: The strength values increased with increasing age and weight, with a correlation of 0.83 for age and 0.82 for weight. The results were similar to those reported in previous studies regarding the relationships among strength, age, and anthropometric parameters, but the reported strength differed. Conclusions: These results provide normal strength parameters for healthy and normal‐weight Chilean children between 6 and 15 years of age and highlight the relevance of ethnicity in defining reference values for muscle strength in a pediatric population. Muscle Nerve 55: 16–22, 2017
Solution‐processable colorless polyimides with ultralow coefficients of thermal expansion for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Hasegawa Masatoshi , Watanabe Yuhei , Tsukuda Soichi , Ishii Junichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis work reports colorless polyimides (PIs) that are applicable as plastic substrates in image display devices, which produce an ultralow coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) by solution casting without thermal imidization and mechanical stretching. An effective monomer molecular design is proposed for this purpose. Chemical imidization (CI) process compatibility is the key factor in attaining the target properties. We focused on a PI system derived from 1,2,3,4‐cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) and a novel para‐amide‐linked diamine (AB‐TFMB) with CF3 groups as it has great potential as an ultralow CTE material, although it offers no CI process compatibility because of its poor solubility. The CBDA/AB‐TFMB system was modified by copolymerizing with 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride. This approach drastically improved CI process compatibility. The CTE of the PI films linearly decreased with increasing CBDA content. At a CBDA content of 70 mol%, the PI achieved an ultralow CTE of 7.3 ppm K−1, non‐coloration/non‐turbidity, a very high glass transition temperature of 329 °C and sufficient ductility. The ultralow CTE results from the highly oriented main chains along the X–Y direction during the casting process as supported by the very high birefringence exceeding 0.1. Thus, our materials almost achieved the target properties required for novel coating‐type high‐temperature plastic substrate materials. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetically polymeric nanocarriers for targeting delivery of curcumin and hyperthermia treatments toward cancer cells
Authors: Kuo Chih‐Yu , Liu Ting‐Yu , Hardiansyah Andri , Chiu Wen‐Yen 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTMagnetically polymeric nanocarriers, Cur‐FA‐SAMN, were designed and synthesized for targeting, therapeutic treatments to cancer cells. Amine‐group immobilized iron oxides, Fe3O4‐NH2, were attached on the surface of self‐assembled tri‐block copolymer, poly[(acrylic acid)‐block‐(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐(acrylic acid)] synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization. For the purpose of targeting effect, folic acid was grafted on the surface of Fe3O4‐NH2 attached nanoparticles. The nanocarriers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and UV‐Vis spectral analysis. Therefore, a hydrophobic anti‐cancer drug, curcumin, gained water dispersity, and stable storage via encapsulating into and on the magnetically polymeric nanocarriers, and the release behaviors were studied in vitro, with and without high frequency magnetic field. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of inherent and curcumin‐loaded nanocarriers were investigated by MTT assay. Results displayed that our nanocarriers have no cytotoxicity while curcumin‐loaded nanocarriers offered significant death to MCF‐7, human breast camcer cells. Intracellular‐uptake experiments demonstrated tremendous uptake and the destroying effect to MCF‐7 cells, most of the cancer cells were killed and the surviving ones were surrounded by the curcumin‐loaded nanocarriers. According to the aforementioned characteristics, these magnetically polymeric nanocarriers will be able to apply as a potential device for practical therapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2706–2713
Significance of epoxy network properties for the toughening effect of flaky and fullerene‐like WS2 nanoparticles
Authors: Haba Dietmar , Barbezat Michel , Ayalur‐Karunakaran Santhosh , Schlögl Sandra , Brunner Andreas J. , Pinter Gerald 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis work deals with the toughening effect of flaky WS2 and fullerene‐like WS2 (IF‐WS2) nanoparticles on epoxy with varying network properties. Reducing the amount of curing agent resulted in decreased crosslink density as measured by dynamic‐mechanic analysis and double‐quantum nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Although that lead to moderate changes in the epoxy's tensile properties, its fracture toughness dropped drastically, probably due to an increased defect fraction. IF‐WS2 could be dispersed significantly more effectively within epoxy resin than flaky WS2, possibly due to its spherical shape, but caused less toughening. IF‐WS2 tended to debond from the epoxy, while flaky WS2 introduced more secondary cracks. Both increased the fracture toughness of the (brittle) substoichiometric, but not that of the (tough) stoichiometric epoxy, possibly due to their interaction with molecular defects. Irrespective of which mechanism resulted in the toughening effect, its effectiveness depended strongly on the epoxy matrix. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1738–1747
Step‐flow growth of GaN(0001) on 4H‐SiC(0001) by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Tingberg Tobias , Larsson Anders , Ive Tommy 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe report on step‐flow growth of GaN(0001) on 4H‐SiC(0001) substrates by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The GaN layers were deposited directly on the substrate without using a buffer layer. A growth temperature of and above resulted in an atomically flat surface morphology with locally straight steps indicating step‐flow growth. The step height was 0.21 nm corresponding to one‐half unit cell. The terrace width was 97 nm and the root‐mean‐square roughness was 0.06 nm. Samples grown below exhibited a surface morphology consisting of spiraling terraces forming hexagonal hillocks. The full‐width at half‐maximum for X‐ray rocking‐curves recorded across the (0002) and (105) reflections was as narrow as 62 and 587 arcsec, respectively. We show that the high growth temperature in conjunction with Ga adlayers on the growth front provides a path for achieving step‐flow growth of GaN by MBE.
Teaching First Graders to Comprehend Complex Texts Through Read‐Alouds
Authors: Witte Priscilla G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis formative and design study examined how the Complex Text Analysis (CTA) instructional approach provided support for first‐grade students to increase their comprehension of texts of increasing complexity. The students in the diverse class participated in weekly lessons during which fictional texts were read aloud and analyzed in terms of key events, characters' actions and/or feelings, and central message. The responsibility for analyzing the text was gradually released to the students. Analysis of the data indicated that all students made significant progress in the ability to analyze texts of increasing complexity. The CTA approach was enhanced by intentional book selection, extensive scaffolding, and students' use of dialogic discussions. Additional positive effects produced by the CTA approach included increased vocabulary knowledge and improved ability to write stories with clear central messages.
The Role of Planned and On‐Demand Relaparotomy in the Developing World
Authors: Scriba M. F. , Laing G. L. , Bruce J. L. , Sartorius B. , Clarke D. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroduction/backgroundThis study compares planned repeat laparotomy (PR) with on‐demand repeat laparotomy (OD) in a developing world setting.Materials and methodsThis study was conducted over a 30‐month study period (December 2012–May 2015) at Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. All trauma and general surgery adult patients requiring a single relaparotomy were included in this study. Prospectively gathered data entered into an established electronic registry were retrospectively analysed. Full ethical approval for the registry and this study was granted by the University of KwaZulu‐Natal Biomedical Ethics Committee.ResultsA total of 162 patients were included, with an average age of 36 years (standard deviation 17) and 69 % male predominance. Appendicitis and stab abdomen were the most common underlying diagnoses. PR strategy was used in 46 % and an OD approach in 54 %. Patients selected for the PR strategy had higher admission pulse rates, higher Modified Early Warning System (MEWS) scores and significantly higher rates of diffuse intra‐abdominal sepsis at initial laparotomy. However, findings at relaparotomy were similar in both groups. The PR group had a much shorter time between operations, but much higher need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. There was no difference between the groups in terms of open abdomen at discharge, length of hospital stay, morbidity or mortality.ConclusionIn our environment, a planned approach to relaparotomy shows no major outcome advantages over an on‐demand approach. There is however increased need for ICU admission with the PR approach. This is in keeping with international literature. Of concern is the much longer time delay between index procedure and repeat operation in the OD group. Improved post‐operative decision making may help address this.
Efficacy of Supraglottic Airway for Preventing Lung Injury Associated with Coughing at Extubation after Pulmonary Lobectomy
Authors: Ishibashi Hironori , Kobayashi Masashi , Takasaki Chihiro , Ishikawa Seiji , Miura Yutaka , Makita Koshi , Okubo Kenichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe use of double‐lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs) is necessary for differential lung ventilation during pulmonary lobectomy. However, when used with conventional extubation procedures, coughing is more likely and is associated with an increased risk for parenchymal air leak along the staple line and possible subsequent lung injury. We examined the prevalence of coughing‐associated air leaks at extubation and the efficacy of using supraglottic airways (SGAs) to prevent air leaks with post‐lobectomy extubation.MethodsThis study included 150 patients with pulmonary emphysema diagnosed using preoperative computed tomography, who underwent pulmonary lobectomy between April 2010 and March 2015. The patients were chronologically enrolled in two groups: the DLT group (60 patients) from April 2010 to August 2012, and the SGA group (90 patients) from September 2012 to March 2015. (Note: the DLT group only included cases without air leak present just prior to extubation). Data were collected on specific patient characteristics and operative and postoperative factors.ResultsCoughing at extubation occurred in 15 (25.0 %) of 60 DLT patients, and parenchymal air leaks developed in 10 (66.7 %) of these 15. Comparison of groups revealed the SGA group was significantly lower for the following: patients with coughing at extubation (P < 0.001), coughing‐associated air leaks at extubation (P < 0.001), air leaks >7 days (P = 0.006), reoperation due to air leaks (P = 0.013), and duration of chest tube drainage (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe SGA is effective for preventing air leaks associated with coughing during conventional DLT extubation in post‐lobectomy patients.
Morphological description of the alimentary tract of Geoica
utricularia (Passerini, 1856) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Eriosomatinae)
Authors: Mróz E. , Kertowska D. , Nowińska A. , Baran B. , Węgierek P. , Depa Ł. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractExisting literature data report the lack of stomach and crenated intestine in the aphid species Geoicasetulosa (Passerini, 1860), a representative of subfamily Eriosomatinae. This odd anatomical feature seemed remarkable, due to the presence of fully developed intestine in closely related genera and mutualistic relationship with ants of this genus. The study aimed at repeated anatomical research of Geoicautricularia (Passerini 1856), in order to confirm what seemed to be a generic feature. Standard histological methods were applied, with addition of oblique light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results indicated the existence of a fully developed intestine, with broad sac-shaped stomach and loops of the crenated intestine. The general anatomy of the alimentary tract of G. utricularia resembles that of other representatives of the tribe Fordini. Also well-developed rectal gland is present, most probably playing a role in modifying the carbohydrate composition of excreted honeydew.
Deepwater occurrence of a newGlyptocrinus(Crinoidea, Camerata) from the Late Ordovician of southwestern Ohio and northern Kentucky: revision of crinoid paleocommunity composition
Authors: Kallmeyer Jack W. , Ausich William I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new crinoid association reported from the Kope Formation (Katian, Ordovician) of northern Kentucky and southwestern Ohio changes the model for facies distribution of crinoids along an Ordovician onshore-offshore depth gradient.Glyptocrinus nodosusn. sp.,Plicodendrocrinus casei(Meek, 1871),Cincinnaticrinus varibrachialis(Warn and Strimple, 1977), andEctenocrinus simplex(Hall, 1847) are reported from a suspension-feeding assemblage with 26 taxa. This assemblage developed above an argillaceous packstone with most of the fossils preserved in shale. The fauna was comprised principally of secondary epifaunally tiered suspension feeders, deposit feeders, and predators. This is the first reported occurrence ofGlyptocrinusHall, 1847 andPlicodendrocrinusBrower, 1995 from the Kope Formation (lower Cincinnatian), andGlyptocrinusis represented by a new species,G.nodosus. Also, this is the first report of pinnulate camerate crinoids from the deep-water facies of the Kope Formation. Thus, deep-water Cincinnatian crinoid assemblages were comprised of disparids, cladids, and camerates; and the assemblage was characterized by a variety of filtration fan types for acquisition of resources.
Ceratiocarisfrom the Silurian Waukesha Biota, Wisconsin
Authors: Jones Wade T. , Feldmann Rodney M. , Schweitzer Carrie E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhyllocarids of the Waukesha Biota were systematically and taphonomically evaluated. ThreeCeratiocarisspecies are present in the biota:C. macrouraCollette and Rudkin, 2010;C. papilioSalterinMurchison, 1859; andC. pusillaMatthew, 1889. Specimens range in completeness from nearly complete, including the cephalic to caudal regions, to isolated telsons and furcae. Evidence of Salter’s position is present in only three specimens. Relatively complete specimens are interpreted to represent corpses, rather than molts; whereas specimens including only the pleon and caudal region, or caudal region, and specimens with evidence of Salter’s position likely represent exuviae. Specimens are preserved essentially as compression fossils exhibiting two types of preserved cuticle: brown inner cuticle, which tends to be impressed over the topography of bedding planes on which specimens are preserved, and blue-gray phosphatized cuticle exhibiting sub-millimeter scale relief. Cuticle phosphatization likely occurred during early diagenesis. The presence of characteristic near-shore species andC. pusilla, only known from turbidite facies, interpreted to possibly represent a marine trough, suggests that the Waukesha phyllocarid assemblage might represent a transported assemblage, rather than a biota, or thatC. pusillafrom the Jones Creek Formation was transported basinward in sediment gravity flows.