bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of vascular damage in acute kidney injury with fluorine magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
Authors: Moore Jeremy K. , Chen Junjie , Pan Hua , Gaut Joseph P. , Jain Sanjay , Wickline Samuel A. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeTo design a fluorine MRI/MR spectroscopy approach to quantify renal vascular damage after ischemia‐reperfusion injury, and the therapeutic response to antithrombin nanoparticles (NPs) to protect kidney function.MethodsA total of 53 rats underwent 45 min of bilateral renal artery occlusion and were treated at reperfusion with either plain perfluorocarbon NPs or NPs functionalized with a direct thrombin inhibitor (PPACK:phenyalanine‐proline‐arginine‐chloromethylketone). Three hours after reperfusion, kidneys underwent ex vivo fluorine MRI/MR spectroscopy at 4.7 T to quantify the extent and volume of trapped NPs, as an index of vascular damage and ischemia‐reperfusion injury. Microscopic evaluation of structural damage and NP trapping in non‐reperfused renal segments was performed. Serum creatinine was quantified serially over 7 days.ResultsThe damaged renal cortico‐medullary junction trapped a significant volume of NPs (P = 0.04), which correlated linearly (r = 0.64) with the severity of kidney injury 3 h after reperfusion. Despite global large vessel reperfusion, non‐reperfusion in medullary peritubular capillaries was confirmed by MRI and microscopy, indicative of continuing hypoxia due to vascular compromise. Treatment of animals with PPACK NPs after acute kidney injury did not accelerate kidney functional recovery.ConclusionsQuantification of ischemia‐reperfusion injury after acute kidney injury with fluorine MRI/MR spectroscopy of perfluorocarbon NPs objectively depicts the extent and severity of vascular injury and its linear relationship to renal dysfunction. The lack of kidney function improvement after early posttreatment thrombin inhibition confirms the rapid onset of ischemia‐reperfusion injury as a consequence of vascular damage and non‐reperfusion. The prolongation of medullary ischemia renders cortico‐medullary tubular structures susceptible to continued necrosis despite restoration of large vessel flow, which suggests limitations to acute interventions after acute kidney injury, designed to interdict renal tubular damage. Magn Reson Med 79:3144–3153, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Evidence of osteoarthritis in the Tiwanaku Colony, Moquegua, Peru (AD500–1100)
Authors: Becker S.K. , Goldstein P.S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Tiwanaku (AD500–1100) colonized ecologically diverse, lower elevation areas to produce goods not easily grown in the high altitude heartland (3,800 m a.s.l.). One colony near present‐day Moquegua, Peru (900–1,500 m a.s.l.) was composed of multiple Tiwanaku settlements. Colonists farmed products like maize and coca and transported goods via llama caravan between the colony and heartland. Two subsistence groups emerged in terms of settlement, those of “Chen Chen‐style” affiliation associated with an agrarian lifestyle and those of “Omo‐style” representing more of a pastoralist lifeway. Considering Tiwanaku people likely began light chores around 5 years of age (e.g., babysitting siblings), with heavier labour beginning at approximately 8 years of age, we questioned if these social and occupational differences translated into skeletal changes associated with osteoarthritis (i.e., porosity, lipping, osteophyte formation, and/or eburnation). Individuals from 5 sites, 2 that represent the Omo‐style (M16 and M70) and 3 that are in the Chen Chen‐style (M1, M10, and M43), were evaluated for osteoarthritis while controlling for age‐at‐death and sex using 25 total joint surfaces in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, and sacroiliac. Overall, our comparisons show no combined significant differences between the Omo‐style and Chen Chen‐style groups. Instead, distinctions in osteoarthritis evidence by age‐at‐death and sex emerged, reflecting the likelihood of specific age‐ or sex‐related tasks. Arthropathy evidence among children in elbow and ankle joints also supported the cultural legacy in the Andes that work begins at a relatively young age and would show up in patterns of adult osteoarthritis.
Connective tissue growth factor induces renal fibrosis via epidermal growth factor receptor activation
Authors: Rayego‐Mateos Sandra , Morgado‐Pascual José Luis , Rodrigues‐Diez Raúl R , Rodrigues‐Diez Raquel , Falke Lucas L , Mezzano Sergio , Ortiz Alberto , Egido Jesús , Goldschmeding Roel , Ruiz‐Ortega Marta 
Published: November 2017

AbstractConnective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) is a matricellular protein that is overexpressed in progressive human renal diseases, mainly in fibrotic areas. In vitro studies have demonstrated that CCN2 regulates the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and could therefore contribute to renal fibrosis. CCN2 blockade ameliorates experimental renal damage, including diminution of ECM accumulation. We have reported that CCN2 and its C‐terminal degradation product CCN2(IV) bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to modulate renal inflammation. However, the receptor involved in CCN2 profibrotic actions has not been described so far. Using a murine model of systemic administration of CCN2(IV), we have unveiled a fibrotic response in the kidney that was diminished by EGFR blockade. Additionally, in conditional CCN2 knockout mice, renal fibrosis elicited by folic acid‐induced renal damage was prevented, and this was linked to inhibition of EGFR pathway activation. Our in vitro studies demonstrated a direct effect of CCN2 via the EGFR pathway on ECM production by fibroblasts and the induction of EMT in tubular epithelial cells. Our studies clearly show that the EGFR regulates CCN2 fibrotic signalling in the kidney, and suggest that EGFR pathway blockade could be a potential therapeutic option to block CCN2‐mediated profibrotic effects in renal diseases. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the template‐based modeling in CASP12
Authors: Kryshtafovych Andriy , Monastyrskyy Bohdan , Fidelis Krzysztof , Moult John , Schwede Torsten , Tramontano Anna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe article describes results of numerical evaluation of CASP12 models submitted on targets for which structural templates could be identified and for which servers produced models of relatively high accuracy. The emphasis is on analysis of details of models, and how well the models compete with experimental structures. Performance of contributing research groups is measured in terms of backbone accuracy, all‐atom local geometry, and the ability to estimate local errors in models. Separate analyses for all participating groups and automatic servers were carried out. Compared with the last CASP, two years ago, there have been significant improvements in a number of areas, particularly the accuracy of protein backbone atoms, accuracy of sequence alignment between models and available structures, increased accuracy over that which can be obtained from simple copying of a closest template, and accuracy of modeling of sub‐structures not present in the closest template. These advancements are likely associated with more effective strategies to build non‐template regions of the targets ab initio, better algorithms to combine information from multiple templates, enhanced refinement methods, and better methods for estimating model accuracy.
Horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitacea) and the effects of infection on oviposition rate in laboratory populations of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Baker Dalton K , Rice Steven J , Leemon Diana M , James Peter J 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDEffective control of house fly, Musca domestica (L.), populations currently relies on the use of chemical insecticides in most situations. Entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin may provide an alternative to chemicals and their efficacy may be enhanced by autodissemination amongst flies. This study assessed the capacity of M. anisopliae for transmission between adult M. domestica flies and the effects of infection on the fecundity of females.RESULTSMetarhizium anisopliae was transmitted between adult M. domestica with 91.67–100% mortality resulting across the three ratios of infected: non‐infected flies tested (1:2, 1:5 and 1:10). The mean lethal time (LT50) for female recipients mixed with infected male donor flies at the three ratios was 3.95, 4.79 and 5.65 days, respectively, whereas for male recipients mixed with infected female donors at the same ratios the LT50 was 4.98, 5.98 and 7.44 days, respectively. Infection with M. anisopliae significantly reduced the reproductive capacity of female flies during the first 4 days of infection, with 25% fewer eggs oviposited by infected flies than by those that were uninfected.CONCLUSIONAutodissemination among house flies and reduction in oviposition in the early stages of infection could contribute significantly to the effectiveness of M. anisopliae used in biocontrol programmes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Neoteric Synthesis and Biological Activities of Chromenopyrazolones, Tosylchromenopyrazolones, Benzoylcoumarins
Authors: Hariprasad Kurma Siva , Anand Ajay , Rathod Balaji Baburao , Zehra Amtul , Tiwari Ashok Kumar , Prakasham Reddy Shetty , Raju Bhimapaka China 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChromenopyrazolones, tosylchromenopyrazolones and benzoylcoumarins were prepared by the reaction of salicylaldehyde tosylhydrazones with 3‐oxobutanoates. The title compounds were screened for their in vitro anti‐microbial, DPPH, ABTS.+ free radical scavenging, α‐glucosidase inhibitory and anti‐inflammatory activities. The bioactivity profile studies revealed that the trifluoromethyl chromenopyrazolones were effective for anti‐microbial activity. Trifluoromethyl chromenopyrazolones 5 h, 5 j, 5 l, tosyl chromenopyrazolones 5 m‐q and benzoylcoumarin 6 g are the promising α‐glucosidase inhibitors. The methyl chromenopyrazolones 5 b‐d, trifluoromethyl chromenopyrazolones 5 h‐l, tosylchromenopyrazolone 5 m and methoxy benzoylcoumarin 6 h denoted promising anti‐inflammatory activity.
Breaking free from vascular confinement: status and prospects for submicron ultrasound contrast agents
Authors: Pellow Carly , Goertz David E. , Zheng Gang 
Published: November 2017

The development of encapsulated microbubbles (~1–6 μm) has expanded the utility of ultrasound from soft tissue anatomical imaging to not only functional intravascular imaging, but therapeutic interventions, with compelling studies of elicited biological effects. The large diameter of these bubbles has confined their utility to the vasculature, but converging interdisciplinary research pathways are giving rise to new submicron ultrasound contrast agents capable of extending their effects beyond the vascular compartment. This article reviews the status and prospects of exogenous agents including nanobubbles, echogenic liposomes, gas vesicles, cavitation seeds, and nanodroplets, and assesses outstanding criticisms preventing their advance.This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
The Economic and Social Burden of Traumatic Injuries: Evidence from a Trauma Hospital in Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti
Authors: Zuraik Christopher , Sampalis John , Brierre Alexa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe cost of traumatic injury is unknown in Haiti. This study aims to examine the burden of traumatic injury of patients treated and evaluated at a trauma hospital in the capital city of Port‐au‐Prince.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional chart review study was conducted at the Hospital Bernard Mevs Project Medishare for all patients evaluated for traumatic injury from December 2015 to January 2016, as described elsewhere (Zuraik and Sampalis in World J Surg, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268‐017‐4088‐2, 2017). Direct medical costs were obtained from patient hospital bills. Indirect and intangible costs were calculated using the human capital approach.ResultsA total of 410 patients were evaluated for traumatic injury during the study period. Total costs for all patients were $501,706 with a mean cost of $1224. Indirect costs represented 63% of all costs, direct medical costs 19%, and intangible costs 18%. Surgical costs accounted for the majority of direct medical costs (29%). Patients involved in road traffic accidents accounted for the largest number of injuries (41%) and the largest percentage of total costs (51%). Patients with gunshot wounds had the highest total mean costs ($1566). Mean costs by injury severity ranged from $62 for minor injuries, $1269 for serious injuries, to $13,675 for critical injuries.ConclusionInjuries lead to a significant economic burden for individuals treated at a semi‐private trauma hospital in the capital city of Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti. Programs aimed at reducing injuries, particularly road traffic accidents, would likely reduce the economic burden to the nation.
Polygene Varianten und Epigenetik bei Adipositas
Authors: Giuranna Johanna , Diebels Inga , Hinney Anke 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Durch molekulargenetische Analysen wurde eine kleine Anzahl von Hauptgenen identifiziert, die Übergewicht (Body Mass Index, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) und Adipositas (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) bei Menschen mit bedingen können. Die zugrunde liegenden Mutationen sind selten. Die genetische Prädisposition zur Entwicklung einer Adipositas ist meist polygener Natur.

Ziel der Arbeit
Darstellung der polygenen Formen der Adipositas und epigenetischer Befunde.

Material und Methoden
Literaturübersicht.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Metaanalysen genomweiter Assoziationsstudien (GWAMA) haben bisher mehr als 100 Polygene oder polygene Loci identifiziert, die genomweit mit dem BMI assoziiert sind. Jedes einzelne Polygen leistet nur einen kleinen Beitrag zur Entwicklung einer Adipositas. Effektstärken liegen im Bereich von ca. 100 g bis 1,5 kg. Eine Reihe solcher prädisponierenden Genvarianten (Allele) findet sich bei adipösen Probanden. Allerdings tragen auch normalgewichtige und schlanke Individuen diese Allele, wenn auch in geringerer Frequenz. Diese Allele können durch statistische Analysen als Adipositas-Risikoallele identifiziert und validiert werden. Vor Kurzem haben sogenannte Cross-Disorder- und Cross-Phänotyp-Analysen zur Identifizierung von Genen geführt, die nicht allein durch Analysen der einzelnen Erkrankungen/Phänotypen nachgewiesen werden konnten. Funktionelle in-vitro- und in-vivo-Studien der GWAS-abgeleiteten Polygene könnten zu einem besseren Verständnis der molekulargenetischen Mechanismen der Körpergewichtsregulation führen. Erste genomweite Methylierungsmusteranalysen und Studien zu metastabilen Epiallelen tragen zudem zu einem besseren Verständnis der Pathomechanismen der Adipositas bei.
How discrimination and perspective‐taking influence adolescents' attitudes about justice
Authors: Rasmussen Hannah F. , Ramos Michelle C. , Han Sohyun C. , Pettit Corey , Margolin Gayla 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTLittle is known about factors influencing adolescents' justice attitudes. This online study investigates perspective‐taking and experiences with discrimination for their associations with adolescents' beliefs about how justice is best served. Participants included 179 ethnically/racially diverse high school students (Mage = 16.67 years; SD = 1.02). Higher perspective‐taking was associated with less punitive and more restorative attitudes. Youth reporting more personal and ethnic/racial discrimination experiences endorsed more restorative justice attitudes. Perspective‐taking also moderated the associations between reports of family, personal, and religious discrimination and punitive justice attitudes: adolescents reporting higher discrimination showed a stronger inverse relationship between perspective‐taking and punitive attitudes. Findings have implications for school and community programs aiming to implement restorative policies, and for adolescents' civic participation.
Conjugate duality in stochastic controls with delay
Authors: Wang Zimeng , Hodge David J. , Le Huiling 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper we use the method of conjugate duality to investigate a class of stochastic optimal control problems where state systems are described by stochastic differential equations with delay. For this, we first analyse a stochastic convex problem with delay and derive the expression for the corresponding dual problem. This enables us to obtain the relationship between the optimalities for the two problems. Then, by linking stochastic optimal control problems with delay with a particular type of stochastic convex problem, the result for the latter leads to sufficient maximum principles for the former.
On the Ornstein–Zernike equation for stationary cluster processes and the random connection model
Authors: Last Günter , Ziesche Sebastian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In the first part of this paper we consider a general stationary subcritical cluster model in ℝd. The associated pair-connectedness function can be defined in terms of two-point Palm probabilities of the underlying point process. Using Palm calculus and Fourier theory we solve the Ornstein–Zernike equation (OZE) under quite general distributional assumptions. In the second part of the paper we discuss the analytic and combinatorial properties of the OZE solution in the special case of a Poisson-driven random connection model.
A non-local random walk on the hypercube
Authors: Nestoridi Evita 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper we study the random walk on the hypercube (ℤ / 2ℤ)nwhich at each step flipskrandomly chosen coordinates. We prove that the mixing time for this walk is of the order (n/k)logn. We also prove that ifk=o(n) then the walk exhibits cutoff at (n/ 2k)lognwith windown/ 2k.
Cuts and the cutting edge: British science funding and the making of animal biotechnology in 1980s Edinburgh
Authors: MYELNIKOV DMITRIY 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Animal Breeding Research Organisation in Edinburgh (ABRO, founded in 1945) was a direct ancestor of the Roslin Institute, celebrated for the cloning of Dolly the sheep. After a period of sustained growth as an institute of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), ABRO was to lose most of its funding in 1981. This decision has been absorbed into the narrative of the Thatcherite attack on science, but in this article I show that the choice to restructure ABRO pre-dated major government cuts to agricultural research, and stemmed from the ARC's wish to prioritize biotechnology in its portfolio. ABRO's management embraced this wish and campaigned against the cuts based on a promise of biotechnological innovation, shifting its focus from farm animal genetics to the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals in sheep milk. By tracing interaction between government policies, research council agendas and local strategies, I show how novel research programmes such as genetic modification could act as a lifeline for struggling institutions.
Equilibrium 𝛽-limits in classical stellarators
Authors: Loizu J. , Hudson S. R. , Nührenberg C. , Geiger J. , Helander P. 
Published: November 2017

A numerical investigation is carried out to understand the equilibrium $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-limit in a classical stellarator. The stepped-pressure equilibrium code (Hudson et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 19 (11), 2012) is used in order to assess whether or not magnetic islands and stochastic field-lines can emerge at high $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$. Two modes of operation are considered: a zero-net-current stellarator and a fixed-iota stellarator. Despite the fact that relaxation is allowed (Taylor, Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 58 (3), 1986, pp. 741–763), the former is shown to maintain good flux surfaces up to the equilibrium $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-limit predicted by ideal-magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), above which a separatrix forms. The latter, which has no ideal equilibrium $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-limit, is shown to develop regions of magnetic islands and chaos at sufficiently high $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$, thereby providing a ‘non-ideal $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-limit’. Perhaps surprisingly, however, the value of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ at which the Shafranov shift of the axis reaches a fraction of the minor radius follows in all cases the scaling laws predicted by ideal-MHD. We compare our results to the High-Beta-Stellarator theory of Freidberg (Ideal MHD, 2014, Cambridge University Press) and derive a new prediction for the non-ideal equilibrium $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-limit above which chaos emerges.
Individual differences in anxiety trajectories from Grades 2 to 8: Impact of the middle school transition
Authors: Nelemans Stefanie A. , Hale William W. , Branje Susan J. T. , Meeus Wim H. J. , Rudolph Karen D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study examined the impact of the middle school transition on general anxiety trajectories from middle childhood to middle adolescence, as well as how youths’ individual vulnerability and exposure to contextual stressors were associated with anxiety trajectories. Participants were 631 youth (47% boys,Mage = 7.96 years at Time 1), followed for 7 successive years from second to eighth grade. Teachers reported on youths’ individual vulnerability to anxiety (anxious solitude) in second grade; youth reported on their anxiety in second to eighth grade and aspects of their social contexts particularly relevant to the school transition (school hassles, peer victimization, parent–child relationship quality, and friendship quality) in sixth to eighth grade. The results revealed two subgroups that showed either strongly increasing (5%) or decreasing (14%) levels of anxiety across the transition and two subgroups with fairly stable levels of either high (11%) or low (70%) anxiety over time. Youth in the latter two subgroups could be distinguished based on their individual vulnerability to anxiety, whereas youth with increasing anxiety reported more contextual stressors and less contextual support than youth with decreasing anxiety. In sum, findings suggest that the middle school transition has the potential to alter developmental trajectories of anxiety for some youth, for better or for worse.
Childhood attachment and behavioral inhibition: Predicting intolerance of uncertainty in adulthood
Authors: Zdebik Magdalena A. , Moss Ellen , Bureau Jean-François 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntolerance of uncertainty (IU), the tendency to react negatively to uncertain situations, has been identified as an important cognitive component of anxiety disorders, yet little is known about its etiology. Links to temperament, particularly behavioral inhibition (BI), and insecure attachment have been proposed in the development of IU, but no prospective empirical investigation has been performed thus far. In the current study, attachment to caregiver and BI of 60 children were assessed at age 6, using observational measures. Mother's anxiety symptoms were assessed when participants were 14 years old. IU was reported by participants when they were 21 years old, as was neuroticism. Two types of insecure attachment (ambivalent and disorganized–controlling) and BI were positively related to IU over a 15-year span, even after controlling for participants’ neuroticism and maternal anxiety. Attachment and BI had no significant interacting effect on the development of IU. Maternal anxiety was positively related to child BI and insecure attachment, but not IU. This study is the first to provide empirical support for a link between ambivalent and disorganized–controlling attachment and BI in preschool children to the development of IU in adulthood. Results have etiological and preventative implications not only for anxiety disorders but also for all disorders related to IU.