bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postprostatectomy incontinence is related to pelvic floor displacements observed with trans‐perineal ultrasound imaging
Authors: Stafford Ryan E. , van den Hoorn Wolbert , Coughlin Geoff , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: July 2017

AimsTo investigate the relationship between post‐prostatectomy incontinence and dynamic features of activation of specific pelvic floor muscles in addition to anatomical parameters of the urethra.MethodsForty‐two men aged 66 (7) years (incontinent [N = 19] and continent [N = 23]) who had undergone prostatectomy participated. Transperineal ultrasound imaging was used to record sagittal images of pelvic structures during involuntary coughing and sustained maximal voluntary contractions. Imaging data were analyzed to calculate displacements of pelvic floor landmarks associated with activation of the puborectalis, striated urethral sphincter, and bulbocavernosus muscles. Anatomical features of functional urethral length and the resting position of the ano‐rectal and urethra‐vesical junctions were calculated. A principal component analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to consider which combinations of variables best distinguish between men with and without incontinence.ResultsFive principal components were identified that together explained 72.0% of the data. Two principal components that represented (i) striated urethral sphincter activation and (ii) bulbocavernosus and puborectalis muscle activation were significantly different between participants with and without incontinence. Together these components correctly identified 88.1% of incontinent men, with a specificity and sensitivity of 91.3% and 84.2%, respectively. Poor function of the bulbocavernosus and puborectalis muscles could be compensated by good striated urethral sphincter function, but the bulbocavernosus and puborectalis muscles had less potential to compensate for poor striated urethral sphincter function.ConclusionsDynamic features of pelvic floor muscle activation, particularly shortening of the striated urethral sphincter during cough and voluntary contraction, are related to continence status after prostatectomy.
TAC‐302 promotes neurite outgrowth of isolated peripheral neurons and prevents bladder denervation related bladder dysfunctions following bladder outlet obstruction in rats
Authors: Yoshida Shohei , Orimoto Naoki , Tsukihara Hiroshi , Noma Takahisa , Hakozaki Atsushi , Sasaki Eiji 
Published: July 2017

AimsTo evaluate the ability of TAC‐302, a cyclohexenoic fatty alcohol derivative, to enhance neurite outgrowth in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and the preventive effects of TAC‐302 on bladder denervation‐related storage and voiding dysfunctions in rats with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).MethodsRat DRG neurons were cultured in the presence of TAC‐302. Cell numbers and neurite lengths were quantified after a 24 h culture. BOO was achieved by partial ligature of the proximal urethra in female rats. BOO rats were divided into three groups and orally treated with vehicle of 3 or 30 mg/kg TAC‐302 twice a day for 4 weeks. Cystometry was performed under conscious conditions. Immunohistochemical staining using anti‐PGP9.5 of the bladder muscle layer was performed, and the innervation area was scored.ResultsTAC‐302 significantly and dose‐dependently increased neurite outgrowth in cultured DRG neurons. BOO rats showed a decreased innervation area in the urinary bladder compared to sham‐operated rats. BOO‐induced denervation of the urinary bladder was partially prevented by oral treatment with TAC‐302. TAC‐302 significantly reduced the frequency of non‐voiding contraction (NVC) and residual urine volume (RUV) compared with the BOO vehicle group (P < 0.05). The innervation area score exhibited significant negative correlations with NVC and RUV, indicating that they increased according to the progression of denervation.ConclusionsOur data indicate that TAC‐302 promotes neurite outgrowth in vitro. In addition, TAC‐302 prevents BOO‐induced bladder dysfunction in rats, and has a protective effect on bladder denervation.
Diet Quality in Midadulthood Predicts Visceral Adiposity and Liver Fatness in Older Ages: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Maskarinec Gertraud , Lim Unhee , Jacobs Simone , Monroe Kristine R. , Ernst Thomas , Buchthal Steven D. , Shepherd John A. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Le Marchand Loïc , Boushey Carol J. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe relationship of diet quality assessed by established indices (HEI‐2010, AHEI‐2010, aMED, DASH) with adiposity measures was examined, especially visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL).MethodsClose to 2,000 participants of the Multiethnic Cohort completed validated food frequency questionnaires at cohort entry (1993‐1996) and clinic visit (2013‐2016) when they underwent whole‐body dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging scans. Linear regression was used to estimate mean values of adiposity measures by dietary index tertiles at baseline and standardized regression coefficients (βs) after adjusting for total adiposity and other covariates. Logistic regression of VAT and NAFL on dietary indices was also performed.ResultsHigher dietary quality scores at cohort entry were inversely related to all adiposity measures, with the strongest associations for percent liver fat (βs = −0.14 to −0.08), followed by VAT (βs = −0.11 to −0.05), BMI (βs = −0.11 to −0.06), and total body fat (βs = −0.09 to −0.05). Odds ratios adjusted for total adiposity ranged between 0.57 and 0.77 for NAFL and between 0.41 and 0.65 for high VAT when comparing the highest versus lowest tertiles of diet quality.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings indicate that maintaining a high‐quality diet during mid‐to‐late adulthood may prevent adverse metabolic consequences related to VAT and NAFL.
Evaluation of subcell power conversion efficiencies of radiation‐damaged triple‐junction solar cells using photoluminescence decays
Authors: Tex David M. , Ihara Toshiyuki , Nakamura Tetsuya , Imaizumi Mitsuru , Ohshima Takeshi , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe characterize the radiation‐induced damage of InGaP/GaAs/Ge solar cells for various proton irradiation energies and fluences using conventional current‐voltage (I‐V) measurements, external quantum efficiency, and a noncontact time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) technique. From the I‐V curves, we obtain the conversion efficiency of the entire device. The external quantum efficiency showed that the short‐circuit current is only determined by the top InGaP subcell. To obtain accurate information about the point of maximum power, a new PL technique is introduced. The PL time decays of the InGaP and GaAs subcells are measured to obtain the characteristic decay time constants of carrier separation and recombination. We empirically verify that the time‐resolved PL method can be used to predict the electrical conversion efficiency of the subcells. We find that the limiting subcell at the point of maximum power is different from that for short‐circuit current. Radiation damage in unexpected regions of the device is revealed using this optical method.
HoF3 and DyF3 Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: González‐Mancebo Daniel , Becerro Ana I. , Rojas T. Cristina , García‐Martín Maria L. , de la Fuente Jesús M. , Ocaña Manuel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClinical contrast agents (CAs) currently used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at low fields are less effective at high magnetic fields. The development of new CAs is mandatory to improve diagnostic capabilities of the new generation of high field MRI scanners. The purpose of this study is to synthesize uniform, water dispersible LnF3 (Ln = Ho, Dy) nanoparticles (NPs) and to evaluate their relaxivity at high magnetic field (9.4 T) as a function of size and composition. Two different types of HoF3 NPs are obtained by homogeneous precipitation in ethylene glycol at 120 °C. The use of holmium acetate as holmium precursor leads to rhombus‐like nanoparticles, while smaller, ellipsoid‐like nanoparticles are obtained when nitrate is used as the holmium salt. To explain this behavior, the mechanism of formation of both kinds of particles is analyzed in detail. Likewise, rhombus‐like DyF3 nanoparticles are prepared following the same method as for the rhombus‐like HoF3 nanoparticles. We have found, to the best of knowledge, the highest transverse relaxivity values at 9.4 T described in the literature for this kind of CAs. Finally, the LnF3 NPs have shown negligible cytotoxicity for C6 rat glioma cells for concentrations up to 0.1 mg mL−1.
Statistical process monitoring via image data using wavelets
Authors: Koosha Mehdi , Noorossana Rassoul , Megahed Fadel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractImage data plays an important role in manufacturing and service industries because each image can provide a huge set of data points in just few seconds with relatively low cost. Enhancement of machine vision systems during the time has led to higher quality images, and the use of statistical methods can help to analyze the data extracted from such images efficiently. It is not efficient from time and cost point of views to use every single pixel in an image to monitor a process or product performance effectively. In recent years, some methods are proposed to deal with image data. These methods are mainly applied for separation of nonconforming items from conforming ones, and they are rarely applied to monitor process capability or performance. In this paper, a nonparametric regression method using wavelet basis function is developed to extract features from gray scale image data. The extracted features are monitored over time to detect process out‐of‐control conditions using a generalized likelihood ratio control chart. The proposed approach can also be applied to find change point and fault location simultaneously. Several numerical examples are used to evaluate performance of the proposed method. Results indicate suitable performance of the proposed method in detecting out‐of‐control conditions and providing precise diagnostic information. Results also illustrate suitable performance of our proposed method in comparison with a competitive approach.
Selective Conversion of Nitroarenes to N‐Aryl Hydroxylamines Catalysed by Carbon‐Nanotube‐Supported Nickel(II) Hydroxide
Authors: Prakash Praveen , De Masi Déborah , Geertsen Valérie , Miserque Frédéric , Li Haiyan , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel nanohybrid was assembled by a layer‐by‐layer strategy that permitted the immobilization of nickel(II) hydroxide on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The heterogeneous catalyst was used for the reduction of a wide variety nitroaromatics to hydroxylamines in a binary solvent mixture (tetrahydrofuran/water), in the presence of sodium borohydride and under mild conditions. The reaction is highly selective as it afforded cleanly the expected aromatic hydroxylamines in the presence of other sensitive groups such as halogens, esters, double bonds or nitriles. The catalyst could also be readily recycled by a simple centrifugation and reused in subsequent reduction reactions with no decrease in catalytic activities, over five cycles. Analysis of the spent catalyst indicated neither alteration in the morphology, metal‐content, nor oxidation state of the carbon nanotube‐supported nickel(II). The catalytic nanohybrid assembly reported in this work thus compares favorably with known systems, as it is very stable, operates at room temperature with limited nickel loading (0.8 mol%), and selectively leads to N‐aryl hydroxylamines without the formation of the corresponding anilines.
Recent Progress in Application of Graphene Supported Metal Nanoparticles in C−C and C−X Coupling Reactions
Authors: Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud , Issaabadi Zahra , Tohidi Mohammad Mostafa , Mohammad Sajadi S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds catalytic formation is among the most significant reactions in organic synthesis which extensively applied for synthesis of natural products, heterocycles, dendrimers, biologically active molecules and useful compounds. This review provides the latest advances in the preparation of graphene supported metal nanoparticles and their application in the catalytic formation of both carbon‐carbon (C−C) and carbon‐heteroatom (C−X) bonds including the Suzuki, Heck, Hiyama, Ullmann, Buchwald and Sonogashira coupling reactions. Numerous examples are given concerning the use of these catalysts in C−C and C−X coupling reactions along with the reliable and simple preparation methods of these catalysts, their characterization and catalytic properties and also the recycling possibilities.
Phase-Field Modeling of Sigma-Phase Precipitation in 25Cr7Ni4Mo Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Malik Amer , Odqvist Joakim , Höglund Lars , Hertzman Staffan , Ågren John 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Phase-field modeling is used to simulate the formation of sigma phase in a model alloy mimicking a commercial super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) alloy, in order to study precipitation and growth of sigma phase under linear continuous cooling. The so-called Warren–Boettinger–McFadden (WBM) model is used to build the basis of the multiphase and multicomponent phase-field model. The thermodynamic inconsistency at the multiple junctions associated with the multiphase formulation of the WBM model is resolved by means of a numerical Cut-off algorithm. To make realistic simulations, all the kinetic and the thermodynamic quantities are derived from the CALPHAD databases at each numerical time step, using Thermo-Calc and TQ-Interface. The credibility of the phase-field model is verified by comparing the results from the phase-field simulations with the corresponding DICTRA simulations and also with the empirical data. 2D phase-field simulations are performed for three different cooling rates in two different initial microstructures. A simple model for the nucleation of sigma phase is also implemented in the first case. Simulation results show that the precipitation of sigma phase is characterized by the accumulation of Cr and Mo at the austenite-ferrite and the ferrite-ferrite boundaries. Moreover, it is observed that a slow cooling rate promotes the growth of sigma phase, while a higher cooling rate restricts it, eventually preserving the duplex structure in the SDSS alloy. Results from the phase-field simulations are also compared quantitatively with the experiments, performed on a commercial 2507 SDSS alloy. It is found that overall, the predicted morphological features of the transformation and the composition profiles show good conformity with the empirical data.
Isolation, identification and characterization of arsenic transforming exogenous endophytic Citrobacter sp. RPT from roots of Pteris vittata
Authors: Selvankumar T. , Radhika R. , Mythili R. , Arunprakash S. , Srinivasan P. , Govarthanan M. , Kim Hyunook 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the arsenic (As) transformation potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from roots of Pteris vittata plant. The endophytic bacterium was tested for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against As. The endophytic strain RPT exhibited the highest resistance to As(V) (400 mg/l). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence suggested that strain RPT was a member of genus Citrobacter. The As transformation assay revealed As(III) oxidation and As(V) reduction potential of Citrobacter sp. RPT. The As resistance mechanism was further confirmed by amplification of arsC and aoxB genes. The growth kinetics of strain RPT was altered slightly in the presence of different concentration (100–400 mg/l) of As stress. Temperature and pH influenced the As removal rate. The maximum As removal was observed at pH 7.0 (74%) and 37 °C (70.9%). The results suggest that strain RPT can survive under the As stress and has been identified as a potential candidate for application in bioremediation of As in contaminated environments.
Intergenerational Neighborhood Attainment and the Legacy of Racial Residential Segregation: A Causal Mediation Analysis
Authors: Pais Jeremy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAdvances in mediation analysis are used to examine the legacy effects of racial residential segregation in the United States on neighborhood attainments across two familial generations. The legacy effects of segregation are anticipated to operate through two primary pathways: a neighborhood effects pathway and an urban continuity pathway. The neighborhood effects pathway explains why parent’s exposure to racial residential segregation during their family-rearing years can influence the residential outcomes of their children later in life. The urban continuity pathway captures the temporal consistency of the built and topographical environment in providing similar residential opportunities across generations. Findings from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and U.S. Census data indicate that the legacy effect of racial residential segregation among black families operates primarily through the neighborhood effects that influence children growing up. For white families, there is less support for the legacy effects of segregation. The findings are supported by a comprehensive mediation analysis that provides a formal sensitivity analysis, deploys an instrumental variable, and assesses effect heterogeneity. Knowledge of the legacy of segregation moves neighborhood attainment research beyond point-in-time studies of racial residential segregation to provide a deeper understanding into the ways stratified residential environments are reproduced.
Is sensitivity to daily stress predictive of onset or persistence of psychopathology?
Authors: Vaessen T. , van Nierop M. , Decoster J. , Delespaul P. , Derom C. , de Hert M. , Jacobs N. , Menne-Lothmann C. , Rutten B. , Thiery E. , van Os J. , van Winkel R. , Wichers M. , Myin-Germeys I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurpose:The aim of the current study was to replicate findings in adults indicating that higher sensitivity to stressful events is predictive of both onset and persistence of psychopathological symptoms in a sample of adolescents and young adults. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that sensitivity to mild stressors in particular is predictive of the developmental course of psychopathology.Methods:We analyzed experience sampling and questionnaire data collected at baseline and one-year follow-up of 445 adolescent and young adult twins and non-twin siblings (age range: 15–34). Linear multilevel regression was used for the replication analyses. To test if affective sensitivity to mild stressors in particular was associated with follow-up symptoms, we used a categorical approach adding variables on affective sensitivity to mild, moderate and severe daily stressors to the model.Results:Linear analyses showed that emotional stress reactivity was not associated with onset (ß = .02; P = .56) or persistence (ß = -.01; P = .78) of symptoms. There was a significant effect of baseline symptom score (ß = .53; P < .001) and average negative affect (NA: ß = .19; P < .001) on follow-up symptoms. Using the categorical approach, we found that affective sensitivity to mild (ß = .25; P < .001), but not moderate (ß = -.03; P = .65) or severe (ß = -.06; P = .42), stressors was associated with symptom persistence one year later.Discussion:We were unable to replicate previous findings relating stress sensitivity linearly to symptom onset or persistence in a younger sample. Whereas sensitivity to more severe stressors may reflect adaptive coping, high sensitivity to the mildest of daily stressors may indicate an increased risk for psychopathology.
Clinical relevance of findings in trials of CBT for depression
Authors: Lepping P. , Whittington R. , Sambhi R.S. , Lane S. , Poole R. , Leucht S. , Cuijpers P. , McCabe R. , Waheed W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is beneficial in depression. Symptom scores can be translated into Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale scores to indicate clinical relevance. We aimed to assess the clinical relevance of findings of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT in depression. We identified RCTs of CBT that used the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). HAMD scores were translated into Clinical Global Impression – Change scale (CGI-I) scores to measure clinical relevance. One hundred and seventy datasets from 82 studies were included. The mean percentage HAMD change for treatment arms was 53.66%, and 29.81% for control arms, a statistically significant difference. Combined active therapies showed the biggest improvement on CGI-I score, followed by CBT alone. All active treatments had better than expected HAMD percentage reduction and CGI-I scores. CBT has a clinically relevant effect in depression, with a notional CGI-I score of 2.2, indicating a significant clinical response. The non-specific or placebo effect of being in a psychotherapy trial was a 29% reduction of HAMD.
Anxiety and depression symptoms among sub-fertile women, women pregnant after infertility treatment, and naturally pregnant women
Authors: Salih Joelsson L. , Tydén T. , Wanggren K. , Georgakis M.K. , Stern J. , Berglund A. , Skalkidou A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground:Infertility has been associated with psychological distress, but whether these symptoms persist after achieving pregnancy via assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains unclear. We compared the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms between women seeking for infertility treatment and women who conceived after ART or naturally.Methods:Four hundred and sixty-eight sub-fertile non-pregnant women, 2972 naturally pregnant women and 143 women pregnant after ART completed a questionnaire in this cross-sectional study. The Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A≥8) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS≥12) were used for assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust variance were applied to explore associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms.Results:The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among sub-fertile, non-pregnant women (57.6% and 15.7%, respectively) were significantly higher compared to women pregnant after ART (21.1% and 8.5%, respectively) and naturally pregnant women (18.8% and 10.3%, respectively). History of psychiatric diagnosis was identified as an independent risk factor for both anxiety and depressive symptoms. The presence of at least one unhealthy lifestyle behavior (daily tobacco smoking, weekly alcohol consumption, BMI≥25, and regular physical exercise < 2 h/week) was also associated with anxiety (Prevalence Ratio, PR: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.09–1.40) and depressive symptoms (PR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.04–1.49).Conclusions:Women pregnant after ART showed no difference in anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to naturally pregnant women. However, early psychological counseling and management of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors for sub-fertile women may be advisable, particularly for women with a previous history of psychiatric diagnosis.