bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MC2: A Deeper Look at ZwCl 2341.1+0000 with Bayesian Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing Analyses
Authors: Benson B. , Wittman D. M. , Golovich N. , Jee M. James , van Weeren R. J. , Dawson W. A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
ZwCl 2341.1+0000, a merging galaxy cluster with disturbed X-ray morphology and widely separated (∼3 Mpc) double radio relics, was thought to be an extremely massive (

10
–
30
×

10

14

M

⊙

) and complex system, with little known about its merger history. We present JVLA 2–4 GHz observations of the cluster, along with new spectroscopy from our Keck/DEIMOS survey, and apply Gaussian Mixture Modeling to the three-dimensional distribution of 227 confirmed cluster galaxies. After adopting the Bayesian Information Criterion to avoid overfitting, which we discover can bias high the total dynamical mass estimates, we find that a three-substructure model with a total dynamical mass estimate of

9.39
±
0.81
×

10

14

M

⊙

is favored. We also present deep Subaru imaging and perform the first weak lensing analysis on this system, obtaining a weak lensing mass estimate of

5.57
±
2.47
×

10

14

M

⊙

. This is a more robust estimate because it does not depend on the dynamical state of the system, which is disturbed due to the merger. Our results indicate that ZwCl 2341.1+0000 is a multiple merger system comprised of at least three substructures, with the main merger that produced the radio relics occurring near the plane of the sky, and a younger merger in the north occurring closer to the line of sight. Dynamical modeling of the main merger reproduces observed quantities (relic positions and polarizations, subcluster separation and radial velocity difference), if the merger axis angle of

∼

10

−
6

+
34

degrees and the collision speed at pericenter is

∼

1900

−
200

+
300

km s−1.
Structure of Energetic Particle Mediated Shocks Revisited
Authors: Mostafavi P. , Zank G. P. , Webb G. M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The structure of collisionless shock waves is often modified by the presence of energetic particles that are not equilibrated with the thermal plasma (such as pickup ions [PUIs] and solar energetic particles [SEPs]). This is relevant to the inner and outer heliosphere and the Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM), where observations of shock waves (e.g., in the inner heliosphere) show that both the magnetic field and thermal gas pressure are less than the energetic particle component pressures. Voyager 2 observations revealed that the heliospheric termination shock (HTS) is very broad and mediated by energetic particles. PUIs and SEPs contribute both a collisionless heat flux and a higher-order viscosity. We show that the incorporation of both effects can completely determine the structure of collisionless shocks mediated by energetic ions. Since the reduced form of the PUI-mediated plasma model is structurally identical to the classical cosmic ray two-fluid model, we note that the presence of viscosity, at least formally, eliminates the need for a gas sub-shock in the classical two-fluid model, including in that regime where three are possible. By considering parameters upstream of the HTS, we show that the thermal gas remains relatively cold and the shock is mediated by PUIs. We determine the structure of the weak interstellar shock observed by Voyager 1. We consider the inclusion of the thermal heat flux and viscosity to address the most general form of an energetic particle-thermal plasma two-fluid model.
Emission Line Ratios of FE III as Astrophysical Plasma Diagnostics
Authors: Laha Sibasish , Tyndall Niall B. , Keenan Francis P. , Ballance Connor P. , Ramsbottom Catherine A. , Ferland Gary J. , Hibbert Alan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Recent, state-of-the-art calculations of A-values and electron impact excitation rates for Fe iii are used in conjunction with the Cloudy modeling code to derive emission-line intensity ratios for optical transitions among the fine-structure levels of the 3d6 configuration. A comparison of these with high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra of gaseous nebulae reveals that previous discrepancies found between theory and observation are not fully resolved by the latest atomic data. Blending is ruled out as a likely cause of the discrepancies, because temperature- and density-independent ratios (arising from lines with common upper levels) match well with those predicted by theory. For a typical nebular plasma with electron temperature

K and electron density

, cascading of electrons from the levels

,

and

plays an important role in determining the populations of lower levels, such as

, which provide the density diagnostic emission lines of Fe iii, such as

-

at 4658 Å. Hence, further work on the A-values for these transitions is recommended, ideally including measurements if possible. However, some Fe iii ratios do provide reliable

-diagnostics, such as 4986/4658. The Fe iii cooling function, calculated with Cloudy using the most recent atomic data, is found to be significantly greater at T

e

30,000 K than predicted with the existing Cloudy model. This is due to the presence of additional emission lines with the new data, particularly in the 1000–4000 Å wavelength region.
Evidence for a Derangement of the Microvascular System in Patients with a Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Chora Inês , Romano Eloisa , Manetti Mirko , Mazzotta Celestina , Costa Raquel , Machado Vera , Cortez Alice , Bruni Cosimo , Lepri Gemma , Guiducci Serena , De Paulis Amato , Soares Raquel , Matucci-Cerinic Marco 
Published: May 2017

Objective.To investigate whether patients with a very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (VEDOSS) may already present circulating markers and in vitro signs of microvascular dysfunction.Methods.Serum samples were obtained from 55 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 25 patients with VEDOSS, and 55 matched healthy controls (HC). Serum levels of pan-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble neuropilin-1 (sNRP-1) were measured by ELISA. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (H-MVEC) were cultured and stimulated with SSc, VEDOSS, and HC sera. Protein expression of NRP-1 was analyzed by Western blotting, cell proliferation by 5′-bromodeoxyuridine assay, migration capacity by wound-healing assay, and capillary-like tube formation by Matrigel assay.Results.Serum levels of pan-VEGF were increased in patients with VEDOSS and SSc versus HC (p = 0.05 and p = 0.003, respectively). Serum levels of sNRP-1 were significantly reduced in patients with VEDOSS and SSc compared with controls (p = 0.012 and p = 0.027, respectively). NRP-1 expression was decreased in H-MVEC stimulated with VEDOSS sera (p < 0.001 vs HC). Proliferation was reduced in H-MVEC stimulated either with VEDOSS or SSc sera in comparison with HC sera (p = 0.015 and p = 0.043, respectively). Wound healing was compromised in H-MVEC stimulated with VEDOSS and SSc sera versus HC sera (p < 0.01 for both). Capillarogenesis was decreased in H-MVEC stimulated with VEDOSS sera (p < 0.01) and SSc sera (p < 0.001) compared with cells stimulated with HC sera.Conclusion.Similar to patients with SSc, patients with VEDOSS already present biological signs of endothelial dysfunction. Our data demonstrate that VEDOSS sera significantly modify endothelial cell behavior and impair the angiogenic potential of the microvascular system.
Fli1 Deficiency Induces CXCL6 Expression in Dermal Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells, Contributing to the Development of Fibrosis and Vasculopathy in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Taniguchi Takashi , Asano Yoshihide , Nakamura Kouki , Yamashita Takashi , Saigusa Ryosuke , Ichimura Yohei , Takahashi Takehiro , Toyama Tetsuo , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Sato Shinichi 
Published: May 2017

Objective.CXCL6, a chemokine with proangiogenic property, is reported to be involved in vasculopathy associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We investigated the contribution of CXCL6 to SSc development by focusing on the association of friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli1) deficiency, a potential predisposing factor of SSc, with CXCL6 expression and clinical correlation of serum CXCL6 levels.Methods.mRNA levels of target genes and the binding of Fli1 to theCXCL6promoter were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation, respectively. Serum CXCL6 levels were determined by ELISA.Results.FLI1siRNA significantly enhancedCXCL6mRNA expression in human dermal fibroblasts and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, while Fli1 haploinsufficiency significantly suppressedCXCL6mRNA expression in murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Supporting a critical role of Fli1 deficiency to induce SSc-like phenotypes,CXCL6mRNA expression was higher in SSc dermal fibroblasts than in normal dermal fibroblasts. Importantly, Fli1 bound to theCXCL6promoter in dermal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and THP-1 cells. In patients with SSc, serum CXCL6 levels correlated positively with the severity of dermal and pulmonary fibrosis and were elevated in association with cardiac and pulmonary vascular involvement and cutaneous vascular symptoms, including Raynaud phenomenon, digital ulcers (DU)/pitting scars, and telangiectasia. Especially, serum CXCL6 levels were associated with DU/pitting scars and heart involvement by multiple regression analysis.Conclusion.CXCL6 expression is upregulated by Fli1 deficiency in fibroblasts and endothelial cells, potentially contributing to the development of fibrosis and vasculopathy in the skin, lung, and heart of SSc.
Elevated Expression of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Its Correlation with Disease Activity in Adult-onset Still Disease
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Wei , Chen Yi-Ming , Lin Chi-Chen , Tang Kuo-Tung , Chen Hsin-Hua , Hung Wei-Ting , Lai Kuo-Lung , Chen Der-Yuan 
Published: May 2017

Objective.The dysregulation of the NLRP3 (NLR containing a pyrin domain) inflammasome is involved in autoinflammatory diseases. Adult-onset Still disease (AOSD) is regarded as an autoinflammatory disease. However, the pathogenic involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in AOSD remains unclear and NLRP3 activators in AOSD are currently unknown.Methods.The mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 34 patients with AOSD and 14 healthy subjects was determined using quantitative-PCR (qPCR). The changes in mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in PBMC treated with the potential activator [imiquimod (IMQ)] or inhibitor of NLRP3 were evaluated using qPCR and immunoblotting, respectively. The supernatant levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were determined by ELISA.Results.Significantly higher mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling were observed in patients with AOSD compared with healthy controls. NLRP3 expressions were positively correlated with disease activity in patients with AOSD. IMQ (an effective Toll-like receptor 7 ligand; 10 µg/ml and 25 µg/ml) stimulation of PBMC from patients with AOSD induced dose-dependent increases of mRNA expression of NLRP3 (mean ± standard error of the mean, 2.06 ± 0.46 and 6.05 ± 1.84, respectively), caspase-1 (1.81 ± 0.23 and 4.25 ± 0.48), IL-1β (5.68 ± 1.51 and 12.13 ± 3.71), and IL-18 (2.32 ± 0.37 and 4.81 ± 0.51) compared with controls (all p < 0.005). IMQ stimulation of PBMC from patients similarly induced greater increases in protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome compared with controls. The protein expressions of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 on PBMC significantly decreased after treatment with NLRP3 inhibitor in patients with AOSD.Conclusion.Increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and its positive correlation with disease activity in AOSD suggest its involvement in disease pathogenesis. IMQ upregulated expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, and IMQ might be an activator of NLRP3 inflammasome in AOSD.
Association between Dairy Product Consumption and Incidence of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hussain Sultana Monira , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Giles Graham G. , Graves Stephen E. , Wluka Anita E. , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2017

Objective.The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether dairy product consumption was associated with the incidence of total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.There were 38,924 participants from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study who had dairy product consumption recorded in 1990–1994. The incidence of total hip arthroplasty for OA during 2001–2013 was determined by linking cohort records to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry.Results.Over an average of 11.8 years of followup, 1505 total hip arthroplasties for OA were identified (524 in men, 981 in women). In men, a 1 SD increase in dairy product consumption was associated with a 21% increased incidence of total hip arthroplasty for OA (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10–1.33), with a dose-response relationship observed for quartiles of dairy product consumption (p for trend = 0.001). These results were independent of age, body mass index, country of birth, education, smoking status, vigorous physical activity, calcium supplementation, energy consumption, circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D, hypertension, and diabetes. No significant association was observed for women (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95–1.09).Conclusion.Increasing dairy product consumption was associated with an increased risk of total hip arthroplasty for men with OA, with no significant association observed for women. Understanding the mechanisms may help identify strategies to prevent hip OA, particularly for men.
Le système national d’innovation dans les pays du Maghreb : entre failles structurelles et besoin de coordination et de gouvernance appropriées
Authors: Ben Slimane Sonia , Ramadan Maarouf 
Published: May 2017

Dans les théories économiques et de gestion, l’innovation est souvent considérée comme source de croissance. Dans une perspective d’analyse de l’innovation, sous l’angle des systèmes nationaux d’innovation (SNI), cet article tente d’expliquer les raisons de la faiblesse ainsi que de la fragmentation des SNI des pays du Maghreb. L’analyse montre une faiblesse structurelle combinée avec une faiblesse au niveau de la coordination institutionnelle et un manque d’efficacité des actions des pouvoirs publics. En s’appuyant sur une revue de la littérature approfondie des systèmes nationaux d’innovation et particulièrement celle des pays du Maghreb, l’objectif est de proposer un cadre conceptuel qui s’appuie sur des axes d’action adaptés : structurel, de coordination et de gouvernance, permettant d’assurer une cohérence globale des actions et d’atteindre une efficacité effective des systèmes d’innovation dans ces pays. Codes JEL : L52, O30, I23
Du mécénat culturel au musée participatif : les motivations du public à financer la restauration de la Victoire de Samothrace au Musée du Louvre
Authors: Baujard Corinne 
Published: May 2017

Les musées connaissent de profondes mutations en matière de financement du patrimoine. Dès 2013, Le Louvre a lancé une vaste campagne d’appel aux dons sur le thème « Tous mécènes du Louvre » afin d’obtenir une participation du public à la restauration de la Victoire de Samothrace et de son escalier monumental. Un tel financement participatif s’ajoute désormais aux circuits traditionnels de soutien à la valorisation des collections d’intérêt national. Quelles motivations peuvent convaincre le public à financer la Victoire de Samothrace ? A partir d’une recherche exploratoire menée auprès de donateurs parcourant l’exposition « Redécouvrir un chef d’œuvre » du Louvre-Paris (5 mars au 9 novembre 2015), un cadre interprétatif a permis d’identifier plusieurs communautés de donateurs. Il apparaît que dans un contexte économique difficile, les campagnes d’appels aux dons obtiennent un accueil favorable du mécénat des visiteurs et participent sensiblement à la mutation du service public culturel.
« Tout se doit prendre l’un dans l’autre en cohérence » ou l’anti-modèle des pratiques grands donneurs d’ordres pour les PME : le cas d’ABER bâtiment
Authors: Schott Annick 
Published: May 2017

« Sur le premier trimestre 2015, les retards de paiement des 120 grandes entreprises étudiées atteignaient quelque 4 milliards, soit 20 % de plus qu’au premier trimestre 2014. Nous estimons qu’il manque entre 10 et 13 milliards d’euros chaque année dans les poches des petites et moyennes entreprises à cause de ces retards de paiement » constate Pierre Pelouzet 2 . « On ne peut pas laisser la situation perdurer, car ces comportements aboutissent à tuer certains fournisseurs ou sous-traitants PME » indique-t-il (soit 25 % de faillite directe). Et ce phénomène constaté par un des organismes satellites de Bercy est loin d’être le seul reproche des PME envers les grands groupes ; à titre d’exemple le dossier de Challenges du 21 au 27 novembre 2013 « PME HALTE : AU MASSACRE, Classement des grands groupes qui travaillent avec elles ». Ne sommes-nous pas dans la culture du déchet, un modèle où il n’est pas prévu de développer des échanges compréhensifs, un modèle qui aborde peu la qualité de vie (au travail et hors travail), un modèle qui spécule sur notre égoïsme, universel et systémique et sur le bénéfice immédiat ? Comment dans ces conditions faire jeu collectif (dans les affaires) ? Le développement économique et social suppose un processus historique dans un contexte, et requiert de la part des acteurs sociaux un engagement constant à partir de leur propre culture . C’est pourquoi rester campé sur des causes apparentes pour résoudre toutes les difficultés à travers des réglementations uniformes ou des interventions techniques trop « marquées » conduit à négliger la complexité des problématiques locales et à réduire à quelques pourcentages les capacités des collaborateurs. La Structure sociale d’une entreprise, sa Culture d’entreprise et la Personnalité (le socio-éducatif) du dirigeant constituent un pari sur son devenir, notamment en PME. Ainsi, en quoi les éléments de gouvernance sont-ils liés à la culture d’entreprise, en quoi peuvent-ils aider à donner du sens, et assurer ainsi la contribution de la plupart des salariés ? Nous illustrerons notre propos par une étude de cas relative à une PME locale.
Anatomical Characterization of the Nasolacrimal Canal Based on Computed Tomography in Children With Complex Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Zhang Chengyue , Yu Gang , Cui Yanhui , Wu Qian , Wei Wenbin 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To characterize anatomical variations of the nasolacrimal canal in patients with complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Methods:
Retrospective case series of 25 children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. All children had failed probings and were examined by computed tomography. An analysis of imaging data is presented.

Results:

Anomalous development of the nasolacrimal canal was confirmed on computed tomography. Two main types of malformations were observed: fundamental (20 patients) and special (5 patients). In the fundamental type, the upper portion of the nasolacrimal canal was relatively normal and became significantly stenotic, or even atretic, at the middle and terminal segments. In the special type, the upper portion of the nasolacrimal duct was malformed. Only the special type showed an association with systemic abnormalities. In patients with unilateral fundamental type malformation (11 patients), the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the upper segment of the nasolacrimal canal on the affected side were significantly larger than that of the normal side (
P
= .000). The height of the nasolacrimal canal on the normal side was significantly larger than that of the affected side (
P
= .000).

Conclusion:
Computed tomography is useful for delineation of anatomical characteristics of the nasolacrimal canal and to diagnose nasolacrimal canal malformation. Malformed nasolacrimal canals are of two main types: fundamental and special. Hydrostatic pressure in the lacrimal duct appears to the underlying mechanism as enlargement of the nasolacrimal canal in the unilateral fundamental type.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(4):238–243.]
Comparison of Objective and Subjective Techniques of Strabismus Measurement in Adults With Normal Retinal Correspondence
Authors: Bitner Derek P. , Adesina Ore-Ofe O. , Ding Kai , Farris Bradley K. , Michael Siatkowski R. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
Accurate measurement of strabismus is vital to proper diagnosis and treatment. Objective and subjective measurement techniques can be used. The authors hypothesized that subjective measurement techniques would measure larger deviations than objective ones.

Methods:
Adults with strabismus, visual acuity greater than 20/50 in each eye, and normal retinal correspondence were measured in primary gaze at distance and near using the alternate prism and cover test and the red glass test.

Results:

Seventy-three patients were prospectively enrolled. Objective mean deviations were 9.1 (distance horizontal), 5.1 (distance vertical), 10.0 (near horizontal), and 2.6 (near vertical) prism diopters (PD). Subjective mean deviations were 10.2 (distance horizontal), 6.8 (distance vertical), 12.2 (near horizontal), and 3.2 (near vertical) PD. Subjective measurements were larger by a statistically significant margin and were more likely to show the presence of a vertical deviation not measured objectively (19 occurrences vs 2 at near,
P
= .008; 15 occurrences vs 0 at distance,
P
= .004). The measured deviations were within 5 PD horizontally and 3 PD vertically most of the time (range: 66.7% to 83.6%).

Conclusions:
The red glass test was more likely to measure a larger deviation at distance and near and to identify a vertical deviation not seen objectively at both distance and near. The mean difference between the tests was usually not large enough to affect surgical treatment, but could potentially result in different amounts of prescribed prism for patients treated optically.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2017;54(4):216–220.]
Afghanistan: Military Occupation and Ethnocracy
Authors: Goodman James , Razi Wahid 
Published: May 2017

The 2001 invasion and subsequent occupation consolidated ethnicity as a
political force in Afghanistan. Inter-ethnic elite bargaining instituted an ethnocratic oligarchy, grounded in the occupation. Against this, everyday politics in Afghanistan has centred on social clientelism, founded on kinship networks rather than ethnicity. At the same time, formal political structures, expressed in the 2004 Constitution, are grounded in Islam and nationalist statehood rather than ethnicity. In recent years sharp disjunctures have emerged between ethnic elites and would-be constituents, creating some electoral fluidity and ethnic de-alignment. The paper addresses the relationship between occupation and ethnocracy in Afghanistan. It takes an historical perspective on the present, debating contending foundations for political solidarity and identification in the country.