bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of membranes in microfluidics
Authors: Chen Xueye , Shen Jienan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis review reports the progress on the recent development of membranes in microfluidics. First of all, the definition and basic concepts of membranes are given. Second, the manufacturing methods of membranes in microfluidics are illustrated and discussed. And lastly, the applications of membranes in microfluidics that are the focus of this work are discussed including cells, proteins, microreactors, gas detection, drug screening, electrokinetical fluids, pump and valve and fluid transport control, chemical reagents detection and so on. A variety of microfluidic devices designed containing membranes are expounded and analyzed. This paper will provide a valuable reference to designers who research membranes and microfluidics for various applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphology of the intralobular duct of the submandibular gland in rats in case of experimental diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kotyk Taras 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe objective of study is to study the peculiarities of morphological changes in different subdivisions of the intralobular duct of the submandibular gland (SMG) in rats in case of experimental diabetes mellitus (DM). The study included sexually mature male Wistar rats. Experimental DM was induced by streptozotocin. Electron microscopic study of subdivisions of the intralobular duct of the SMG was carried out on the 14th, 28th, 42nd, 56th, and 70th days of the experiment. In early stages of experimental DM the intercalated ducts are characterized by a relatively unchanged structure, and in late stages vacuolization of the cytoplasm of their epithelial cells is observed. Since the 14th day vacuolization of mitochondria is observed in epithelial cells of the granular ducts being the most pronounced on the 28th day and not apparent over the subsequent periods. The degree of filling with granules reduces till 56th day, however, it increases sligthly on the last day of the experiment. On the 28th–70th days vacuolization of the cytoplasm is observed in epithelial cells of the striated ducts. In addition, on the 14th day the mitochondrial matrix of these cells condenses; over the next periods it becomes enlightened and mitochondrial cristae are clearly visualized and disorganized. Conclusion: In the intralobular duct of the SMG in experimental DM dystrophic changes of different intensity occur in the granular and striated ducts on the 14th day and in the intercalated ducts only since the 42nd day of the experiment.
A Density Turán Theorem
Authors: Narins Lothar , Tran Tuan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLet F be a graph that contains an edge whose deletion reduces its chromatic number. For such a graph F, a classical result of Simonovits from 1966 shows that every graph on vertices with more than edges contains a copy of F. In this article we derive a similar theorem for multipartite graphs. For a graph H and an integer , let be the minimum real number such that every ℓ‐partite graph whose edge density between any two parts is greater than contains a copy of H. Our main contribution in this article is to show that for all sufficiently large if and only if H admits a vertex‐coloring with colors such that all color classes but one are independent sets, and the exceptional class induces just a matching. When H is a complete graph, this recovers a result of Pfender (Combinatorica 32 (2012), 483–495). We also consider several extensions of Pfender's result.
Multiparametric MRI findings of sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma in adults with comparison to carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Song Liyuan , Chong Vincent , Wang Yongzhe , Li Jing , Xian Junfang 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma in adults, including diffusion‐weighted (DW) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI features as compared with carcinomas.Materials and MethodsSixty‐four patients were included in this study, including 12 sinonasal rhabdomyosarcomas and 52 sinonasal carcinomas. MRI was completed in all 64 patients with a 3T MR scanner. Conventional MR (nonenhanced and static contrast‐enhanced) imaging features, DCE‐MRI parameters, and the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were analyzed by two authors independently (X.Y.W. and Y.Z.W.).ResultsCompared with gray matter, sinonasal rhabdomyosarcomas appeared isointense onT1‐weighted images in 11 cases (91.7%, 11 of 12), and hyperintense onT2‐weighted images in 9 patients (75%, 9 of 12). After contrast, sinonasal rhabdomyosarcomas showed inhomogeneous enhancement in 10 cases (83.3%, 10 of 12). Skull involvement was found in eight patients (66.7%) with rhabdomyosarcomas. OnT2‐weighted images, sinonasal carcinomas demonstrated isointense in 31 cases (59.6%, 31/52), hyperintense in 14 (26.9%, 14/52), and hypointense in 7 (13.5%, 7/52). Skull involvement was detected in 14 cases (14/52, 26.9%). There were significant differences inT2signal intensity (P = 0.005) and skull involvement (P = 0.016) between sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma and carcinomas. There was a marginal difference in time to peak enhancement (P = 0.061), while no difference in time to maximum enhancement (P = 0.403), maximum contrast index (P = 0.368), and time–intensity curve types (P = 0.138) between rhabdomyosarcoma and carcinomas. The ADCs of sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma were significantly lower than those of sinonasal carcinomas (P< 0.001).ConclusionA multiparametric approach using conventional MRI with added ADCs had the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma in adults.Evidence level:4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:998–1004
Placement of transnasal drainage catheter and covered esophageal stent for the treatment of perforated esophageal carcinoma with mediastinal abscess
Authors: Han Xinwei , Zhao Yan Shi , Fang Yi , Qi Yu , Li Xiangnan , Jiao Dechao , Ren Kewei , Wu Gang 
Published: September 2016

Background and ObjectivesPerforated esophageal carcinoma with mediastinal abscess is a clinically life‐threatening emergency. Herein, we summarize our experience with placement of transnasal drainage catheters and covered esophageal stents for the treatment of this condition.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the medical records of 20 patients who were treated using our intervention protocol. Patients received local anesthesia and sedation prior to transnasal drainage catheter placement into the mediastinal abscess, which was followed by esophageal stent placement. Once the fluid was completely drained and the abscess was completely closed, the drainage catheter was removed.ResultsThe placement of the drainage catheter and stent was successful in all patients. The drainage catheter was successfully removed from the mediastinum after 7–60 days in 14 patients. During the follow‐up of 1–18 months, six patients died from hemorrhage, eight from cancer progression or pulmonary infection, one from atrial fibrillation, and one from asphyxia caused by tracheal compression. The remaining four patients can eat normally.ConclusionsPlacement of transnasal drainage catheters and covered esophageal stents may be an appropriate palliative therapy for patients with perforated esophageal carcinoma with mediastinal abscess who are not candidates for surgery or have a high postoperative risk. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:725–730. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Corpus Callosum Splenium Sign in Fragile X‐Associated Tremor Ataxia Syndrome
Authors: Hall Deborah A. , Hermanson Meghan , Dunn Emily , Stebbins Glenn , Merkitch Douglas , Ouyang Bichun , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth , Jhaveri Miral 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundHyperintensities in the splenium of the corpus callosum (CCS) have been proposed as a radiographic diagnostic criterion for fragile X‐associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS).MethodsMagnetic resonance images from patients with FXTAS and from nonpremutation carriers with movement disorders were viewed by a radiologist who was blinded to gene status, and radiographic criteria for FXTAS were scored. Phenotypic data used for diagnosis of FXTAS also were collected.ResultsTwenty‐two patients with FXTAS and 23 controls were included. Hyperintensity in the CCS (the CCS sign) was more common in men with FXTAS versus controls (87% vs. 40%) but not in women with FXTAS (100% vs. 50% in controls). The CCS sign had higher sensitivity compared with the middle cerebellar peduncle sign (white matter lesions in middle cerebellar peduncle) in both men (0.87 vs. 0.67) and women (1 vs. 0.29) with FXTAS, but it had lower specificity in both men (0.6 vs. 0.8) and women (0.5 vs. 1).ConclusionsThe CCS sign is common in patients with FXTAS, but it is not significantly more prevalent in women with FXTAS compared with controls. This may be due to small sample sizes in the current study. Other signs, such as brainstem white matter disease, were more common in women with FXTAS and differed from those in men with FXTAS. This finding suggests that additional studies evaluating the diagnostic criteria for FXTAS need to be conducted, ideally with neuropathological confirmation of the disease.
Analyses of EMI functions on meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes
Authors: Fujioka Yoshie A. , Onuma Asuka , Fujii Wataru , Sugiura Koji , Naito Kunihiko 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYCyclin B (CCNB) accumulation is essential for regulating maturation/M‐phase promoting factor activity during vertebrate oocyte maturation. Anaphase‐promoting‐complex/cyclosome (APC/C) degrades CCNB, allowing the cell cycle to progress; this complex is inhibited by Early mitotic inhibitors 1 and 2 (EMI1 and EMI2). The involvement of both EMI proteins in meiotic maturation has been reported in Xenopus and mouse oocytes, although a recent study described a marked difference in their respective function during meiotic resumption. Mouse is currently the only mammal in which the contribution of EMI to the oocyte maturation has been analyzed, so we used RNA injection methods to overexpress and knock down EMI1 and EMI2 to investigate their roles during porcine oocyte maturation. Up‐regulation of either porcine EMI promoted precocious germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) with early CCNB1 accumulation in oocytes—which is consistent with their activities in mouse but not Xenopus oocytes. Knockdown of EMI1, but not EMI2, delayed GVBD and meiotic progression of oocytes from GVBD to meiotic metaphase I (MI). In contrast, knockdown of EMI2, but not EMI1, released oocytes from meiotic metaphase II (MII) arrest to produce a pronucleus. When injected oocytes were parthenogenetically activated, the up‐regulation of EMI2, but not EMI1, prevented pronucleus formation. These results point to the similarities and differences of porcine EMI function with those of mouse versus Xenopus EMI, and generally contribute to our understanding of EMI function during mammalian oocyte maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 983–992, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subcutaneous versus intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic autoimmune neuropathies: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Racosta Juan M. , Sposato Luciano A. , Kimpinski Kurt 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: High‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an evidence‐based treatment for multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Recently, subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SC‐Ig) has received increasing attention. Methods: We performed a meta‐analysis of reports of efficacy and safety of SC‐Ig versus IVIg for inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies. Results: A total of 8 studies comprising 138 patients (50 with MMN and 88 with chronic CIDP) were included in the meta‐analysis. There were no significant differences in muscle strength outcomes in MMN and CIDP with Sc‐Ig (MMN: effect size [ES] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = ‐0.31‐1.61; CIDP: ES = 0.84, 95% CI = ‐0.01‐1.69). Additionally SC‐Ig had a 28% reduction in relative risk (RR) of moderate and/or systemic adverse effects (95% CI = 0.11‐0.76). Conclusions: The efficacy of SC‐Ig is similar to IVIg for CIDP and MMN and has a significant safety profile. Muscle Nerve 55: 802–809, 2017
Late‐onset pompe disease in Iran: A clinical and genetic report
Authors: Nazari Ferdos , Sinaei Farnaz , Nilipour Yalda , Fatehi Farzad , Streubel Berthold , Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Aryani Omid , Nafissi Shahriar 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionPompe disease is characterized by absence or deficiency of acid α‐glucosidase, and several causative mutations are known. In this study we report clinical and laboratory data in Iranian patients with late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD), focusing on population‐specific mutations.MethodsClinical and laboratory data of 14 patients from 10 families with the diagnosis of LOPD were recorded. All had reduced enzyme activity on dried blood spot (DBS) analysis. Genetic investigation was performed to identify the underlying mutations.ResultsThe age of onset ranged from <2 to 38 years. The clinical presentations were heterogeneous. Two siblings presented with foot drop. The most common mutation was c.(‐32‐13T>G). There were 4 novel mutations: c.(2040 + 2dup); c.(1650delG); c.(1837T>G); and c.(2596delG).ConclusionThis is a comprehensive report of LOPD in Iranian patients. Distinct phenotypic and genotypic features in this population are highlighted. Muscle Nerve 55: 835–840, 2017
Does socioeconomic status impact physical activity and sleep among children with cancer?
Authors: Orsey Andrea D. , Wakefield Dorothy B. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundCompared with healthy children, pediatric oncology patients have impaired sleep and engage in less physical activity (PA). Socioeconomic status (SES) may be one determinant of PA and sleep among pediatric oncology patients.ProcedureBetween November 12, 2009 and March 27, 2013, 50 pediatric oncology patients between the ages of 8 and 18 years were recruited from an urban children's hospital. PA and sleep were assessed by actigraphy and diaries over 7 days. Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Scale. SES was defined by primary payer status of insurance (state or private) and by Median Household Income (MHI) obtained from 2010 U.S. Census block data for residences. MHI was compared to Connecticut state median income ($67,000). Multivariate regression models examined the relationship between SES and PA, sleep and fatigue.ResultsPA and sleep efficiency were strongly correlated (r = 0.31, P = 0.03). Children with state insurance had higher average PA (P = 0.004) than children on private insurance. There were no significant differences in PA or sleep efficiency by block MHI. The 7‐day fatigue score was lower among the participants aged 8–12 years in the group with MHI less than $67,000 (P = 0.03), although there was no significant difference among participants aged 13–18 years in the group. There was no difference in mean fatigue scores by insurance status.ConclusionsParticipants on state insurance had higher PA than those with private insurance. Although block MHI did not influence PA or sleep efficiency among children with cancer, participants aged 8–12 years in a lower MHI block had less fatigue. Future research is needed to further understand how SES influences PA.
Global transcriptome dysregulation in second trimester fetuses with FMR1 expansions
Authors: Zwemer Lillian M. , Nolin Sarah L. , Okamoto Patricia M. , Eisenberg Marcia , Wick Heather C. , Bianchi Diana W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that FMR1 expansions would result in global gene dysregulation as early as the second trimester of human fetal development.MethodUsing cell‐free fetal RNA obtained from amniotic fluid supernatant and expression microarrays, we compared RNA levels in samples from fetuses with premutation or full mutation allele expansions with control samples.ResultsWe found clear signals of differential gene expression relating to a variety of cellular functions, including ubiquitination, mitochondrial function, and neuronal/synaptic architecture. Additionally, among the genes showing differential gene expression, we saw links to related diseases of intellectual disability and motor function. Finally, within the unique molecular phenotypes established for each mutation set, we saw clear signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupted neurological function. Patterns of differential gene expression were very different in male and female fetuses with premutation alleles.ConclusionThese results support a model for which genetic misregulation during fetal development may set the stage for late clinical manifestations of FMR1‐related disorders. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of a novel high temperature pyridine‐containing phthalonitrile polymer
Authors: Xi Zhenjie , Chen Xinggang , Yu Xiaoyan , Ma Yuanhui , Ji Puguang , Naito Kimiyoshi , Ding Huili , Qu Xiongwei , Zhang Qingxin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA novel pyridine‐containing aromatic phthalonitrile monomer, 2,6‐bis[4‐(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)benzoyl]pyridine (BCBP) was synthesized from the nitro displacement of 4‐nitrophthalonitrile by the phenoxide of 2,6‐bis (4‐hydroxybenzoyl)pyridine (BHBP). 4‐(Aminophenoxy) phthalonitrile (APPH) was selected to promote the curing reaction, and the curing behavior has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), suggesting a wide processing window about 64 °C. Different curing additive concentrations resulted in polymers with different crosslinking degrees and subsequently influenced the performance of resins. The resulting BCBP polymer exhibited high glass transition temperatures exceeding 400 °C, outstanding thermo‐oxidative stability with weight retention of 95% at 530 °C, indicating a significant improvement in thermal properties endowed by pyridine units. Additionally, it also showed a lower overall water absorption after submersion in boiling water for 50 hours. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3819–3825
Dual‐responsive copolymer poly(2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] synthesized via photoATRP for surface with tunable wettability
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Chao , Zhu Bo‐Chao , Li Jin‐Jin , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, a series of block copolymers of poly(2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PHFBMA‐b‐PDMAEMA) were synthesized via photo‐induced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) at room temperature. By the introduction of PDMAEMA segment, the hydrophilicity of the silicon wafer surface spin‐coated with PHFBMA homopolymer was improved. Furthermore, the study of tunable surface wettability showed that the surface wettability was pH‐dependent and thermal‐independent at pH 2 and 10. The as‐fabricated surface coated with PHFBMA110‐b‐PDMAEMA187 showed switchable water contact angle from 85.4° at pH > 4 to 55.0° at pH 2 due to the protonation and deprotonation of tertiary amine groups of PDMAEMA. However, because of the ascendancy of protonated PDMAEMA at pH 2 and the decreased LCST at pH 10, the wettability of the as‐prepared surfaces was thermal‐insensitive. Finally, surface morphology and composition investigation showed that the property of wettability‐controllable surface was not only influenced by surface composition, but also affected by chain conformation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3868–3877
Symptom experiences in metastatic breast cancer patients: relationships to activity engagement, value‐based living, and psychological inflexibility
Authors: Mosher Catherine E. , Tometich Danielle B. , Hirsh Adam , Rand Kevin L. , Johns Shelley A. , Matthias Marianne S. , Outcalt Samantha D. , Bricker Jonathan , Schneider Bryan , Mina Lida , Storniolo Anna Maria , Newton Erin , Miller Kathy 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined symptom‐based subgroups of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients and the extent to which they differed across key constructs of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).MethodsEighty women with MBC completed self‐report surveys assessing 10 common symptoms and several ACT variables (ie, activity engagement, psychological inflexibility, value obstruction, and value progress) during a single time point.ResultsA cluster analysis yielded 3 patient subgroups: low symptoms, low‐moderate symptoms, and moderate‐high symptoms. Relative to the subgroup with low symptoms, the other subgroups reported less activity engagement. In addition, compared with patients with low symptoms, the subgroup with moderate‐high symptoms reported greater psychological inflexibility (ie, avoidance of unwanted internal experiences) and greater difficulty living consistently with their values.ConclusionsWomen with MBC show heterogeneity in their symptom profiles, and those with higher symptom burden are more likely to disengage from valued activities and avoid unwanted experiences (eg, thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations). Findings are largely consistent with the ACT model and provide strong justification for testing ACT to address symptom interference in MBC patients.
Factors associated with oncology patients' involvement in shared decision making during chemotherapy
Authors: Colley Alexis , Halpern Jodi , Paul Steven , Micco Guy , Lahiff Maureen , Wright Fay , Levine Jon D. , Mastick Judy , Hammer Marilyn J. , Miaskowski Christine , Dunn Laura B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveOncology patients are increasingly encouraged to play an active role in treatment decision making. While previous studies have evaluated relationships between demographic characteristics and decision‐making roles, less is known about the association of symptoms and psychological adjustment characteristics (eg, coping styles and personality traits) and decision‐making roles.MethodsAs part of a larger study of symptom clusters, patients (n = 765) receiving chemotherapy for breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer provided information on demographic, clinical, symptom, and psychological adjustment characteristics. Patient‐reported treatment decision‐making roles (ie, preferred role and role actually played) were assessed using the Control Preferences Scale. Differences among patients, who were classified as passive, collaborative, or active, were evaluated using χ2 analyses and analyses of variance.ResultsOver half (56.3%) of the patients reported that they both preferred and actually played a collaborative role. Among those patients with concordant roles, those who were older, those with less education and lower income, and those who were less resilient were more likely to prefer a passive role. Several psychological adjustment characteristics were associated with decision‐making role, including coping style, personality, and fatalism.ConclusionsOncology patients' preferences for involvement in treatment decision making are associated with demographic characteristics as well as with symptoms and psychological adjustment characteristics, such as coping style and personality. These results reaffirm the complexities of predicting patients' preferences for involvement in decision making. Further study is needed to determine if role or coping style may be influenced by interventions designed to teach adaptive coping skills.