bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating increases in heat waves durations under global warming
Authors: Martinez-Villalobos Cristian , Fu Danning , Loikith Paul , Neelin J. David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In addition to increasing in frequency, heat waves are expected to last longer under global warming. The probability distributions of heat wave durations are affected by correlations of temperature from one day to the next, and so cannot be simply extrapolated from changes in the probabilities of daily temperature values. Using analysis informed by theory for autocorrelated fluctuations, here we show that changes in long-duration events increase nonlinearly with temperature. This produces an acceleration of the rate increase with warming — each subsequent increment of regional time-average warming T increases the characteristic duration scale of long heat waves more than the previous increment. The curve for this acceleration can be approximately collapsed onto a single dependence across regions by normalizing by local temperature variability. Projections of future change can thus be compared to observations of recent change over part of their range. The near-future projected acceleration is supported by this comparison and consistent with theoretical expectations. Furthermore, the longest, most uncommon heat waves for a given region have the greatest increase in probability, yielding a compounding source of nonlinear impacts.
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Embedded Footings Placed on Rock Slopes Using Adaptive Finite Element Limit Analysis
Authors: Yang Gang , Xu Dongjin , Liu Xiaoming , Jia Qinji , Xu Haifeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of the embedment depth of rigid footings resting on rock slopes on the ultimate bearing capacity and evaluates the corresponding failure mechanisms. In most previous studies, the embedment depth was assumed to be the depth at which the footings were placed on the ground surface and simplified by applying an equivalent surcharge. This simplification neglects the shear strength of the embedding rock mass, leading to an underestimation of the ultimate bearing capacity of the footings. Therefore, an adaptive finite-element limit analysis (FELA), including both lower and upper bound simulations, is employed; in particular, the rock mass is assumed to follow the modified Hoek–Brown failure criterion. A set of influential parameters, including the embedment depth ratio, the edge distance ratio, the slope gradient, and the geotechnical parameters of the Hoek-Brown criterion, is introduced to conduct detailed parametric studies. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity increases linearly with the embedment depth of the footings, a trend that cannot be accurately predicted by methods that replace the embedment depth with an equivalent surcharge. Three typical failure patterns were observed in the rock slope-footing system; design tables featuring these identified failure patterns are presented to aid in engineering design.
Social Welfare and Government Size
Authors: Andrés Javier , Bandrés Eduardo , Doménech Rafael , Gadea Maria Dolores 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the effect of government size on social welfare and GDP per capita growth for the sample of 36 OECD countries in the last six decades. Our initial results show that the effects are negative but smaller in absolute terms in the case of welfare than for GDP per capita. This result is robust to changes in the estimation method, to the use of smoothed variables, to the inclusion of dummy variables that control for expansions and recessions, and to additional control variables, such as the composition of expenditures and taxes, and public debt. However, and more importantly, we find that the effect of government size follows an inverted U-shape: positive and greater on social welfare than for GDP per capita growth when government size is below 35% to 40%, and negative beyond that threshold. Interestingly, the range of values for which government size positively affects growth and welfare expands significantly with government quality, productive spending, and low levels of debt. An efficient public sector on all these fronts is more important to maximize social welfare and critical to economic development than the size of the government per se.
JEL Classification: E62, H50, O40
Transfer learning for accelerated failure time model with microarray data
Authors: Pei Yan-Bo , Yu Zheng-Yang , Shen Jun-Shan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: In microarray prognostic studies, we expect to identify genes that are associated with disease-free survival or overall survival. However, due to the rarity of the disease and the cost of sample collection, we face the challenge of limited sample size, which may prevent accurate risk assessment. It necessitates the method that can utilize information from similar studies or data for gene selection and risk assessment of the target task.
Results: We model the time-to-event data using the accelerated failure time model (AFT). We propose a transfer learning method for the AFT model to improve the fit on the target cohort by borrowing information from source cohorts adaptively. The Lasso penalty is used for gene selection and regularized estimation. We use Leave-One-Out cross validation based methods for evaluating the relative stability of individual genes and overall prediction significance.
Conclusion: We demonstrate through simulation studies that the transfer learning method for the AFT model can correctly identify a small number of genes, its estimation error is smaller than the corresponding error without using source cohorts. Meanwhile, the proposed method demonstrates satisfactory robustness and accuracy against cohort heterogeneity compared to the method that directly combines the target and source cohorts in the AFT model. We analyze the GSE88770 data and the GSE25055 data using the proposed method. The selected genes are relatively stable, and the proposed method has overall satisfactory prediction power.
Neuroprotective potential of testosterone against aluminium chloride and d-galactose-induced Alzheimer-like pathology aggravated by overcrowding in mice: Role of Nrf2, HO-1, TNF-α, GSK-3β, PI3K and AKT pathway
Authors: Rabie Shaimaa , Ibrahim Micheal Kamal , Zaki Hala Fahmy , Said Helmy Moawed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive deficits and degenerative changes in the brain, accompanied by neurochemical alterations. Overcrowding refers to a condition of stress caused by a high population density. This stress has both physical and psychological effects. We investigated the potential neuroprotective mechanisms of testosterone focusing on Nrf2 and prosurvival, GSK-3β, PI3K and Akt and neuroinflammation pathways; TNF-α, IL-1β and P38 MAPK against AlCl3/d-gal-induced AD in overcrowded mice. Fifty Swiss Albino male mice were treated as follows: Gp 1: mice were i.p injected with saline for 80 days and served as the normal control group, Gp 2: mice were administered AlCl3/d-gal [AlCl3 at a dose of (20 mg/kg) followed by d-galactose at a dose of (120 mg/kg) for 40 days], Gp 3: mice were administered AlCl3/d-gal along with exposure to overcrowding for a further 40 days, Gp 4: mice were given AlCl3/d-gal followed by treatment with a single dose of testosterone (100 mg/kg) on day 41 and Gp 5: mice were administered AlCl3/d-gal followed by treatment with a single dose of testosterone on day 41 coupled with exposure to overcrowding for a further 40 days. AlCl3/d-gal and overcrowded AlCl3/d-gal groups resulted in behavioural, neurochemical, and histopathological changes in mice. Testosterone improved animals’ behaviour and mitigated AlCl3/d-gal-induced and overcrowded AlCl3/d-gal-induced Alzheimer-like disease. Testosterone exerted a neuroprotective effect against AlCl3/d-gal-induced Alzheimer-like pathology in both non-crowded and overcrowded groups via upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, GSK-3β, PI3K and Akt and marked reduction in TNF-α, IL-1β and P38 MAPK.
Dynamics and vibration reduction performance of a motion amplified nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Shao Yu-Fei , Ji Jin-Chen , Ding Hu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Suppressing micro-amplitude vibrations is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed in aerospace engineering applications. Nonlinear energy sink (NES) has shown remarkable performance as an effective passive vibration damping device. However, the NES’s performance is less effective when dealing with micro-amplitude vibrations. This paper proposes a motion-amplified NES (MANES) that can suppress micro-amplitude vibrations in the primary system. The governing equations of the system are derived using the Hamilton’s principle. The approximate analytical solution of the equations is obtained and validated by numerical methods. The effects of different parameters are discussed, and higher vibration reduction efficiency can be obtained by adjusting system parameters. The results are compared with those of a cubic NES (CNES) under the same parameters. It is found that due to stronger nonlinear factors, the coupled system with MANES may exhibit higher branching responses under harmonic excitations. However, the MANES demonstrates superior vibration suppression performance and a wider vibration reduction bandwidth when dealing with micro-amplitude excitations. Moreover, with the increase of external excitation, MANES consistently enters the effective vibration reduction range earlier, indicating that MANES has a lower effective threshold for vibration reduction. This study reveals the vibration suppression mechanism of MANES, providing a theoretical basis for the suppression of micro-amplitude vibrations in engineering.
Modeling the Long-Term Economic Impact of Stock Market Bubbles: Analyzing DAX Volatility and Its Effects on German Real GDP Using Fractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Houssam BOUGHABI 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates the relationship between stock market dynamics and macroeconomic indicators, specifically focusing on the DAX index and German real GDP during a bubble period. By extending the Johansen-Ledoit-Sornette (JLS) model to incorporate fractional Brownian motion, we capture the long-memory properties of volatility. Our first model successfully estimates the DAX volatility during a speculative period using a FIGARCH(1,d,1) framework, revealing persistence in volatility. The second model explores how stock prices influence real GDP, demonstrating that prolonged volatility impacts macroeconomic performance. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for financial market volatility in forecasting long-term economic stability.
JEL Classification. G12, G15, E32, C22
Thermal Influence on Space Charge Accumulation in Multilayer Dielectric Insulation for HVDC Systems
Authors: Fatiha Rogti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Accumulation of space charge within the dielectric material who is used in high-voltage direct –current (HVDC), is estimated from measured space charge distribution as a function of temperature using the pulsed electro acoustic (PEA) technique. A sandwich structure constituted by two nonidentical dielectric films Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) was subjected to an electric stress level of +14.3 kV/mm at three temperatures: 20 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C. Space charge and electric field distributions were investigated for combinations of LDPE/FEP flat specimens. The time dependence of the space charge distribution was subsequently recorded at different temperatures under field (polarization) and short circuit conditions (depolarization). Experimental results demonstrated that temperature plays a significant role in space charge dynamics at the dielectric interface. The increase in temperature may result in an enhancement of charge injection from the electrodes, and increase the activation energy of charge, which in turn enhances charge mobility and conductivity. A great quantity of interfacial charge is introduced at high temperatures. The increase of the temperature increases charge injection, charge mobility, electrical conductivity, and filling of the trap, and the formation of the shallow trap.
Early Rushing Attack Detection and Prevention in AODV MANETs
Authors: Zimbele Getaneh Awulachew , Asres Teamerat Mekonnen , Kifle Tewodros Mekuria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), data and route security are the primary concerns. One of the major techniques used to ensure data and route security is an intrusion detection and mitigation system (IDS). MANET attacks can be classified into active and passive attacks. Among active attacks, the rushing attack is one of the basic network layer attacks. In MANET, it early exploits the duplicate suppression mechanism of Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) protocol by quickly forwarding the RREQ packet to neighboring nodes without processing it, to influence a source node to include the rushed node in its route, which leads to data loss when transmitting the data packet to the correct destination node.
This document proposes the rushing attack detection and prevention algorithm called Early Rushing Attack Detection and Prevention in AODV MANETs (E-RADP) to fill this gap. In our proposed algorithm, instead of a single constant threshold value, a ratio of the RREQ time and hop count, and previous time stamps are introduced into the RREQ packet header. To advance security, threshold value, ratio, and intermediate delay are used for rushing attack detection and prevention processes. For the performance analysis, the network simulator NS2.35 is used. The proposed protocol is compared with AODV, Prevention of Multiple Rushing Attacks Using AODV Routing Protocol (PMRA), and Rushing Attack Prevention with modified AODV (MAODV) based on true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative values of normal and malicious nodes, and throughput, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. E-RADP improves the rushing attack detection rate (DR), throughput, and packet loss rate (PLR) of existing protocols. It also improves the end-to-end delay (E2ED) of existing protocols when a rushing node is present in a MANET. Thus, the performance analysis shows that E-RADP is highly secure and faster than existing algorithms.
School-Based Support for Children and Young People with Chronic Tic Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kramer Jaxon , Makarem Leanne , Jackson Mike 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Children and Young People (CYP) with chronic Tic Disorders (TD) are estimated to account for 3% of mainstream students worldwide. The school experiences of CYP with TD are often negative, ranging from TD-related learning difficulties, to unhelpful responses from teachers and victimisation from peers. TD have been associated with poor quality of life, impaired social-emotional development, and other adverse long-term outcomes. Therefore, creating inclusive school environments that are sensitive to the needs of CYP with TD is crucial. This study aimed to review existing empirical evidence relating to school-based support for CYP with TD. A scoping review and narrative synthesis of empirical evidence was carried out using literature identified through a comprehensive search of four databases (ProQuest, Embase, Scopus, ESBCO), and subsequent searches for grey literature and citation-chaining. Systematic screening resulted in a total of nine studies being included in the present review. Findings revealed a paucity of empirical evidence related to providing school-based support for CYP with TD. There was significant heterogeneity among included studies. Four thematic sub-groups were used to discuss key findings: Limited Knowledge and Experience of Teachers and School-Staff; Learning: Barriers, Accommodations, and Classroom Strategies; Enhancing Understanding and Empathy in Peers of CYP with TD; and Effective Systemic Communication. This review aims to provide a useful mapping of empirical evidence and digest of their respective key findings related to school-based support for CYP with TD. Implications of key findings for clinical practice and future research is discussed.
Approaches to the Analysis of the Economic Behavior of Rural Regions in the Conditions of Instability (on the Example of the Republic of Buryatia)
Authors:   East-Siberia State University of Technology and Management, Abgaldaev Vladimir Yu. , Osodoeva Olga A. ,   East-Siberia State University of Technology and Management, Saktoev Vladimir E. ,   East-Siberia State University of Technology and Management
Published: October 2024

This article raises the problem of the need for a microeconomic analysis of the economic behavior of rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia in conditions of instability. The object of the study is the rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia as «hot spots» of unstable development of the regional economy. The subject of the study is the interrelations and relationships that shape the behavior of economic entities in the region in conditions of instability. The purpose of the study is to propose a formalized and pragmatic approach to the applied «input-output» method based on the study of price changes in some sectors of the regional economy as an effective tool for identifying shortcomings in the regional strategy of behavior. The methodological tools of the study were microeconomic approaches to the analysis of regional tables «input – output» as a mechanism for developing and defining a common conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of unstable development of the region. This made it possible to develop and classify the forms of behavior of economic entities based on the input-output method using the microeconomic approach. The authors propose that enterprises diversify their behavior so that it becomes the main element of the stable management of the region’s economy and an incentive for future research on the activities of enterprises using a microeconomic approach.
Glymphatic System Dysfunction in Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A DTI-ALPS Study
Authors: Sha Li , Xu Zhen-Gui , Chen Yu-Chen 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The neural mechanisms underlying congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) remain elusive.

Objective:
This study evaluated the function of the glymphatic system in children with CSNHL compared to normal-hearing children using the DTI-ALPS
approach, which utilizes diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space.

Methods:
Twenty-six children with CSNHL and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) with normal hearing thresholds were recruited. The DTIALPS
index was calculated for each group. We analyzed the discrepancies in the DTI-ALPS index between patients with CSNHL and healthy
controls. Additionally, Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the DTI-ALPS index and age in
children with CSNHL.

Results:
Significant differences in the DTI-ALPS index were observed between the two groups. Compared with HCs, the DTI-ALPS index in CSNHL
patients was significantly lower (1.49388±0.11441 vs. 1.61402±0.15430, p=0.002). In addition, diffusivity along the z-axis in the association fiber
(Dzzassoc) index was significantly higher in the CSNHL group than in the HC group (0.00041±0.00006 vs. 0.00036±0.00004, p=0.003).
Furthermore, we discovered a noteworthy downward correlation between the DTI-ALPS index and age in children with CSNHL (rho = -0.544,
p=0.005).

Conclusion:
In this present study, glymphatic system activity in CSNHL children was investigated for the first time using the DTI-ALPS index. A significant
decrease in glymphatic system function was detected in CSNHL children, which correlated well with age. The DTI-ALPS index could serve as a
valuable biomarker for tracking disease progression and treatment in CSNHL and unraveling the neural mechanisms of early hearing deprivation in
children with CSNHL.
Digital Transformation of Rheumatology Care in Germany: Cross-Sectional National Survey
Authors: May Susann , Darkow Robert , Knitza Johannes , Boy Katharina , Klemm Philipp , Heinze Martin , Vuillerme Nicolas , Petit Pascal , Steffens-Korbanka Patricia , Kladny Heike , Hornig Johannes , Aries Peer , Welcker Martin , Muehlensiepen Felix 
Published: October 2024

Background
In recent years, health care has undergone a rapid and unprecedented digital transformation. In many fields of specialty care, such as rheumatology, this shift is driven by the growing number of patients and limited resources, leading to increased use of digital health technologies (DHTs) to maintain high-quality clinical care. Previous studies examined user acceptance of individual DHTs in rheumatology, such as telemedicine, video consultations, and mHealth. However, it is essential to conduct cross-technology and continuous analyses of user acceptance and DHT use to maximize the benefits for all relevant stakeholders.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the current acceptance, use, and preferences regarding DHTs among patients in rheumatology care in Germany.

Methods
Rheumatology patients from 3 clinics in Germany were surveyed to understand their perspectives on DHTs. The survey included main themes, including acceptance, preferences, COVID-19’s impact, potential, and barriers related to DHTs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.

Results
Out of 337 participants, 53% (179/337) reported using DHTs. Specific technologies included wearables (72/337, 21%), mHealth apps (71/337, 21%), digital therapeutics (32/337, 9%), electronic prescriptions (30/337, 9%), video consultations (15/337, 4%), and at-home blood self-sampling (3/337, 1%). Nearly two-thirds (220/337, 65%) found DHTs useful, and 69% (233/337) held a generally positive attitude toward DHTs. Attitudes shifted positively during the COVID-19 pandemic for 40% (135/337) of participants. Higher education was more prevalent among DHT users (114/179, 63.7%) compared with nonusers (42/151, 27.8%; P=.02). The main potential benefits identified were location-independent use (244/337, 72%) and time-independent use (216/337, 64%). Key barriers included insufficient user knowledge (165/337, 49%) and limited information on DHTs (134/337, 40%).

Conclusions
Patient acceptance and use of DHTs in rheumatology is increasing in Germany. A prospective, standardized monitoring of digital transformation in rheumatology care is highly needed.