bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virological response and resistance profile in HIV‐1‐infected patients starting darunavir‐containing regimens
Authors: Armenia D , Di Carlo D , Maffongelli G , Borghi V , Alteri C , Forbici F , Bertoli A , Gori C , Giuliani M , Nicastri E , Zaccarelli M , Pinnetti C , Cicalini S , D'Offizi G , Ceccherini‐Silberstein F , Mussini C , Antinori A , Andreoni M , Perno CF , Santoro MM 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesWe evaluated the virological response in patients starting a regimen based on darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r), which is currently the most widely used ritonavir‐boosted protease inhibitor.MethodsData from 206 drug‐naïve and 327 PI‐experienced patients starting DRV/r 600/100 mg twice daily (DRV600) or 800/100 mg once daily (DRV800) were examined. The probabilities of virological success (VS) and virological rebound (VR) were evaluated in survival analyses. Baseline DRV/r resistance and its evolution at failure were also examined.ResultsDRV600 was preferentially administered in patients with complex requirements (older age, higher viraemia, lower CD4 cell count and DRV/PI resistance) compared with DRV800. By 12 months, the probability of achieving VS was 93.2% and 84.3% in drug‐naïve and PI‐experienced patients, respectively. The higher the baseline viraemia, the longer was the time required to achieve VS, both in drug‐naïve patients [>500 000 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL: median [interquartile range (IQR)] 6.1 (5.1–10.3) months; 100 000–500 000 copies/mL: median (IQR) 4.9 (3.8–6.1) months; <100 000 copies/mL: median (IQR) 3.9 (3.5–4.8) months; P < 0.001] and in PI‐experienced patients [≥100 000 copies/mL: median (IQR) 7.2 (5.7–11.6) months; <100 000 copies/mL: median (IQR) 2.8 (2.4–3.3) months; P < 0.001]. In PI‐experienced patients, the probability of VR was higher for higher viraemia levels (22.3% for ≥100 000 copies/ml vs. 9.7% for <100 000 copies/mL; P = 0.007). Baseline resistance did not affect the virological response. At failure, a high percentage of patients maintained virus susceptible to all PIs (drug‐naïve: 95%; PI‐experienced: 80%). Despite being used more often in patients with more complex requirements, DRV600 performed as well as DRV800.ConclusionsIn clinical practice, use of DRV/r (with its flexible dosage) results in high rates of virological response. These data support the use of PI/r in patients whose characteristics require potent drugs with a high genetic barrier.
The Interaction Between Child Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Early Sensitive Parenting in the Prediction of Children's Executive Functions
Authors: Gueron‐Sela Noa , Wagner Nicholas J. , Propper Cathi B. , Mills‐Koonce W. Roger , Moore Ginger A. , Cox Martha J. 
Published: June 2016

This study investigated the interaction between children's parasympathetic functioning and maternal sensitive parenting behaviors during infancy and toddlerhood in the prediction of children's executive functions (EF) at the age of 5 years. Participants included 137 children and their mothers who were followed from the age of 3 months to 5 years. Children's cardiac activity was recorded at rest at multiple times from ages 3 to 36 months, and estimates of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; a measure of parasympathetic functioning) were calculated. Sensitive parenting was assessed during a mother–child play task at ages 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, and 5 years. Children completed age appropriate EF tasks at the age of 5 years. The link between sensitive parenting during toddlerhood (ages 24 and 36 months) and children's later EF was moderated by children's RSA such that this positive link was evident only among children who had low levels of baseline RSA, and not among those who had high levels of baseline RSA. These findings were obtained while controlling for concurrent sensitive parenting and maternal and child verbal abilities. Results from this study provide evidence for the significant role of biopsychosocial processes in early childhood in the development of EF.
Quantitative approaches to identify floristic units and centres of species endemism in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, south‐western China
Authors: Zhang Da‐Cai , Ye Jiang‐Xia , Sun Hang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsTo determine floristic units and centres of plant species endemism using quantitative methods and different taxonomic groups.LocationThe Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau in south‐western China – the world's highest and geologically youngest plateau.MethodsThe plateau was divided into 260 grid cells, each 1° × 1°, and the numbers of different seed‐plant taxa, including genera, total species, endemic species and alpine species, were recorded in each cell. Hierarchical clustering and non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination were used to divide the flora quantitatively, and ANOSIM (analysis of similarities) was used to evaluate differences between the derived groups in the composition of taxa. The stress value was used to assess the fitness of the NMDS ordination. Species endemism was measured using corrected weighted endemism, and centres of species endemism were delimited on the basis of floristic units.ResultsThe plateau harbours a total of 12,058 seed‐plant species and infraspecific taxa in 1619 genera; 38.2% of the species are endemic to the plateau and 27.7% are alpine plants. When two or four groups were considered, cluster analysis based on genera gave the best definition, whereas when 12 groups were considered, analysis of endemic species gave the best definition. The flora of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau represents two floristic subkingdoms, four floristic regions and 12 floristic subregions. Three centres of species endemism were identified, associated with five floristic subregions.Main conclusionsQuantitative analysis can reveal associations within a flora, and partly confirm intuitive classifications. Genera provide clear divisions of higher floristic ranks, and endemic species give the clearest classifications of lower floristic ranks. Alpine species are important taxa for classifying the flora of mountainous regions. A centre of species endemism based on a floristic unit can be conveniently identified and delimited, and the spatial scale of this centre is determined by the taxonomic rank used.
Laboratory and field evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes for control of Agriotes obscurus (L.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: Morton A. , Garcia‐del‐Pino F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe susceptibility of the dusky wireworm, Agriotes obscurus (L.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), to different species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes was tested in a virulence assay in the laboratory. Larvae were exposed to different nematode doses of 50 and 100 IJs/cm2. At a dose of 50 IJs/cm2, only a commercial strain Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and the native strain Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) B14 caused increased mortality compared with the control (11.1% and 13.3% mortality, respectively). At the higher dose tested, all strains (except Steinernema sp. D122) were virulent to A. obscurus larvae. Steinernema carpocapsae B14 caused higher mortality of wireworm (75.6%) and was used for the assay conducted in cages, with a dose of 100 IJs/cm2, in field conditions. The results showed that S. carpocapsae B14 controlled 48.3% of A. obscurus larvae, demonstrating that some entomopathogenic nematodes have the potential to control larvae of A. obscurus. However, further work is needed to improve their efficacy.
No‐Prep Rehabilitation of Fractured Maxillary Incisors with Partial Veneers
Authors: Vadini Mirco , D'Amario Maurizio , De Angelis Francesco , Falco Antonello , D'Arcangelo Camillo 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTherapeutic options for dental trauma depend on the injuries' features. For patients with uncomplicated tooth fractures, adhesive materials and composite partial veneers may be a therapeutic solution that completely preserves healthy tooth structure.Clinical considerationsAn ultra‐conservative approach, using indirect composite partial veneers to restore fractured anterior teeth is described in these case reports.ConclusionDespite the position of the finish line in the middle of the clinical crown, this solution offers functional and esthetic outcomes using an indirect composite technique, and appears to be a suitable alternative to direct composite restorations or less conservative indirect veneers.Clinical SignificanceIndirect composite partial veneers present considerable advantages, such as ultra‐minimally invasive properties and excellent esthetic appearances. The success seems to depend on a combination of sound adhesive principles, adequate design of the restoration, laboratory experience, and cementation techniques. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:351–358, 2016)
Characterization of Grape Molasses/Sesame Paste/Honey Blends: Multiple Response Optimization of Some Physicochemical, Bioactive, Viscoelastic and Sensory Properties
Authors: Karaman Safa , Yilmaz Mustafa Tahsin , Ozturk Gokturk , Yuksel Ferhat , Toker Ömer Said , Dogan Mahmut 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study, blends of grape molasses, sesame paste and honey were prepared at different ratios according to the mixture design and some physicochemical, rheological, bioactive and sensory properties of final blends were studied to create the optimum formulation for the final product. The results showed that the mixture components had significant change on the studied parameters (P < 0.05). Sugar composition of samples changed significantly by the addition of grape molasses and honey which resulted an increase in fructose and glucose. Grape molasses increase in the blend provided a significant increment in total phenolic content and antiradical activity. The blends had viscoelastic character and the mixtures containing higher honey showed more viscous behavior. The highest complex viscosity values were recorded for the blends of sesame paste and honey. Regression models having quite high determination of coefficients (R2 > 0.71) were constructed for the studied parameters. Multiple response optimization results showed that the most preferred blend should contain 34.66% of grape molasses, 34.11% of sesame paste and 31.23% of honey.Practical ApplicationsGrape molasses, honey and sesame paste are commonly consumed food products which are rich in energy and many functional components. The people generally consume them in their daily diets especially in their breakfasts. To combine their functionality and sensory properties, an optimization procedure was applied and the mostly desired blend was determined. Blending affected the rheological, textural and bioactive properties of the sample significantly. The results of the study are very important for food industry.
Understanding Compassion Fatigue in Healthcare Providers: A Review of Current Literature
Authors: Sorenson Claire , Bolick Beth , Wright Karen , Hamilton Rebekah 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this integrative review was to identify, review, synthesize, and analyze the existing literature addressing compassion fatigue (CF) in healthcare providers (HCPs), with careful attention to provider role and practice area. CF needs to be better understood to identify, prevent, and treat it before it becomes problematic for HCPs. CF is representative of the cost of caring and results in physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms that contribute to the decision of the HCP to leave the profession.MethodsA literature search, guided by search terms related to CF, was conducted using the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PubMed encompassing publications between 2005 and 2015. The selected literature was then systemically reviewed and synthesized for this narrative review.ResultsThese preliminary searches resulted in 307 articles, of which 43 met inclusion criteria. These 43 articles were reviewed and reported that CF and related concepts (CF and RCs) were pervasive and affected a wide variety of HCPs working in many clinical settings; however, advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), respiratory therapists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists were not well represented. The literature provided information regarding prevalence, risk factors, prevention measures, and symptoms of CF and RCs.ConclusionsWhile CF and RCs have been explored in a myriad of medical professionals, there is little published regarding APRNs, respiratory therapists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists. More research is needed to evaluate for the presence of CF in HCPs working in a variety of settings and the degree to which it affects personal and professional well‐being, including interactions with patients, patient outcomes, and the quality of professional life. Additionally, as the definition and use of the term compassion fatigue has evolved, a need for a well‐developed concept analysis has also become evident.Clinical RelevanceA better understanding of current research on CF through narrative review, development of a concept analysis, and further exploration of its impact on HCPs has the potential to improve the overall well‐being of HCPs, ultimately leading to better patient care and retention within the profession.
Significance of oligohydramnios in preterm small‐for‐gestational‐age infants for outcome at 18 months of age
Authors: Sasahara Jun , Ishii Keisuke , Umehara Nagayoshi , Oba Mari , Kiyoshi Kenji , Murakoshi Takeshi , Tanemoto Tomohiro , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Yoshida Aya , Tanaka Kei , Ozawa Katsusuke , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between oligohydramnios and other perinatal factors in preterm small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants who had cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or who had died before this age.MethodsThis retrospective study included 320 infants with birthweights < 3rd percentile delivered between 22 and 33 complete weeks of gestation. We evaluated the incidence of CP at 18 months of age and of death before this age. The significant risk factors, including oligohydramnios, of CP or death of preterm SGA infants were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence of CP or death was 47/320 (14.7%), consisting of 24/320 (7.5%) cases of CP and 23/320 (7.2%) cases of death. Oligohydramnios (adjusted odds ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–4.45) and gestational age (adjusted odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.87) were independently correlated with outcome.ConclusionThe incidence of adverse outcomes was approximately 15% in preterm SGA infants. SGA infants born with oligohydramnios may be at increased risk for CP or death compared to those with normal amniotic volume.
The Milky Way: paediatric milk-based dispersible tablets prepared by direct compression – a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Orubu Samuel E F , Hobson Nicholas J , Basit Abdul W , Tuleu Catherine 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Dispersible tablets are proposed by the World Health Organization as the preferred paediatric formulation. It was hypothesised that tablets made from a powdered milk-base that disperse in water to form suspensions resembling milk might be a useful platform to improve acceptability in children.

Methods
Milk-based dispersible tablets containing various types of powdered milk and infant formulae were formulated. The influence of milk type and content on placebo tablet properties was investigated using a design-of-experiments approach. Responses measured included friability, crushing strength and disintegration time. Additionally, the influence of compression force on the tablet properties of a model formulation was studied by compaction simulation.

Key findings
Disintegration times increased as milk content increased. Compaction simulation studies showed that compression force influenced disintegration time. These results suggest that the milk content, rather than type, and compression force were the most important determinants of disintegration.

Conclusion
Up to 30% milk could be incorporated to produce 200 mg 10-mm flat-faced placebo tablets by direct compression disintegrating within 3 min in 5–10 ml of water, which is a realistic administration volume in children. The platform could accommodate 30% of a model active pharmaceutical ingredient (caffeine citrate).
The genes that encode the gonococcal transferrin binding proteins, TbpB and TbpA, are differentially regulated by MisR under iron‐replete and iron‐depleted conditions
Authors: Kandler Justin L. , Acevedo Rosuany Vélez , Dickinson Mary Kathryne , Cash Devin R. , Shafer William M. , Cornelissen Cynthia Nau 
Published: June 2016

SummaryNeisseria gonorrhoeae produces two transferrin binding proteins, TbpA and TbpB, which together enable efficient iron transport from human transferrin. We demonstrate that expression of the tbp genes is controlled by MisR, a response regulator in the two‐component regulatory system that also includes the sensor kinase MisS. The tbp genes were up‐regulated in the misR mutant under iron‐replete conditions but were conversely down‐regulated in the misR mutant under iron‐depleted conditions. The misR mutant was capable of transferrin‐iron uptake at only 50% of wild‐type levels, consistent with decreased tbp expression. We demonstrate that phosphorylated MisR specifically binds to the tbpBA promoter and that MisR interacts with five regions upstream of the tbpB start codon. These analyses confirm that MisR directly regulates tbpBA expression. The MisR binding sites in the gonococcus are only partially conserved in Neisseria meningitidis, which may explain why tbpBA was not MisR‐regulated in previous studies using this related pathogen. This is the first report of a trans‐acting protein factor other than Fur that can directly contribute to gonococcal tbpBA regulation.
The impact of insecticide‐treated cloth targets on the survival of Stegomyia polynesiensis (= Aedes polynesiensis) under laboratory and semi‐field conditions in French Polynesia
Authors: CHAMBERS E. W. , BOSSIN H. C. , RITCHIE S. A. , RUSSELL R. C. , DOBSON S. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe impact of deltamethrin‐impregnated cloth targets on Stegomyia polynesiensis (= Aedes polynesiensis) (Marks) (Diptera: Culicidae) was assessed under laboratory and semi‐field settings in French Polynesia. Stegomyia polynesiensis females were released into small laboratory cages and large field cages containing either a deltamethrin‐treated or an untreated navy blue cloth, and mosquito knock‐down and mortality were assessed. The 24‐h mortality rate in mosquitoes exposed to the insecticide‐treated target in small cages was 98.0%. These mosquitoes also demonstrated significantly higher levels of knock‐down than those exposed to the untreated target. Mortality in field cages was assessed at 24 and 48 h. The 24‐h mortality rate in mosquitoes exposed to the control target was 31.2%, whereas that in those exposed to the deltamethrin‐treated target was 54.3%. The 48‐h mortality rate was also elevated in mosquitoes exposed to the deltamethrin‐treated target, but this result did not differ significantly from that observed in mosquitoes exposed to the control target. The significant suppression of female S. polynesiensis by deltamethrin‐treated resting targets in this study indicates that these targets could play a role in the control of an important disease vector in the South Pacific region.
Comparison of two high‐resolution manometry software systems in evaluating esophageal motor function
Authors: Rengarajan A. , Drapekin J. , Patel A. , Gyawali C. P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution manometry (HRM) utilizes software tools to diagnose esophageal motor disorders. Performance of these software metrics could be affected by averaging and by software characteristics of different manufacturers.MethodsHigh‐resolution manometry studies on 86 patients referred for antireflux surgery (61.6 ± 1.4 year, 70% F) and 20 healthy controls (27.9 ± 0.7 year, 45% F) were first subject to standard analysis (Medtronic, Duluth, GA, USA). Coordinates for each of 10 test swallows were exported and averaged to generate a composite swallow. The swallows and averaged composites were imported as ASCII file format into Manoview (Medtronic) and Medical Measurement Systems database reporter (MMS, Dover, NH, USA), and analyses repeated. Comparisons were made between standard and composite swallow interpretations.Key ResultsCorrelation between the two systems was high for mean distal contractile integral (DCI, r2 ≥ 0.9) but lower for integrated relaxation pressure (IRP, r2 = 0.7). Excluding achalasia, six patients with outflow obstruction (mean IRP 23.2 ± 2.1 with 10‐swallow average) were identified by both systems. An additional nine patients (10.5%) were identified as outflow obstruction (15 mmHg threshold) with MMS 10‐swallow and four with MMS composite swallow evaluation; only one was confirmed. Ineffective esophageal motility was diagnosed by 10‐swallow evaluation in 19 (22.1%) with Manoview, and 20 (23.3%) with MMS. On Manoview composite, 17 had DCI <450 mmHg/cm/s, and on MMS composite, 21, (p ≥ 0.85 for each comparison) but these did not impact diagnostic conclusions.Conclusions & InferencesComparison of 10 swallow and composite swallows demonstrate variability in software metrics between manometry systems. Our data support use of manufacturer specific software metrics on 10‐swallow sequences.
Attitude as a Mediator between Acculturation and Behavioral Intention
Authors: Ebrahim Nasser B. , Davis Sharon , Tomaka Joe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveImmigrants, specifically African‐born black persons, are affected by the HIV epidemic in the U.S. The low level of condom use among immigrants is a risk factor for contracting HIV and STIs. Immigrants go through acculturation process in their new adopted countries—a process reported to influence many health risks and protective factors; however, the mechanism through which acculturation influences health behaviors is not well understood. Thus, study examined the mediating role of attitude in the relationship between acculturation and the intention to use male condoms in steady heterosexual relationships among Somali and Ethiopian immigrants in Minnesota.Design and SampleThe study was a regression analysis and the method of data collection cross‐sectional. Participants were (n = 205) Somali and Ethiopian immigrants in Minnesota who volunteered for the study.MeasuresStudy participants responded to questions on attitudes, behavioral intention, and acculturation levels.ResultsThe indirect effect of acculturation through the mediator, attitude, was not significant, product coefficient (a × b) = 0.04, 95% CI: [0.00, 0.11]; hence attitude did not mediate the relationship between acculturation and the intention to use condoms in the study population. However, there were significant direct and total effects of acculturation (c′ = .27, p < .05; c = .31, p < .05), respectively, on intention to use condoms.ConclusionResults of the study may suggest that public health intervention strategies targeting condom use among immigrants should incorporate programs that improve English language training tailored to the cultural practices and values of the immigrants, and consider the effect of acculturation on condom use.