bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uroptychus tuerkayi sp. nov. (Anomura, Chirostylidae), a new squat lobster from the Atlantis-Great Meteor Seamount Chain in the eastern Atlantic
Authors: Baba Keiji , Macpherson Enrique 
Published: August 2017

A new species of chirostylid squat lobster, Uroptychus tuerkayi sp. nov., is described based upon material collected by the French “Seamount 2” project (1993) from the Atlantis-Great Meteor Seamount Chain south of the Azores Islands, at a depth of 340-730 m. Uroptychus tuerkayi resembles U. maroccanus Türkay, 1976 from the Moroccan coast, but it can be readily distinguished by the eyes being distinctly longer instead of as long as broad (globular in U. maroccanus), the antennal article 5 with a small instead of prominent distomesial spine, the anterolateral spine of the carapace slightly smaller than or subequal to, instead of much smaller than the lateral orbital spine, the pterygostomian flap anteriorly acuminate and not strongly produced to a spine as in U. maroccanus, and in having pereopod 1 with obsolescent instead of distinct spines on the merus and carpus. This is the sixth species of Uroptychus from the eastern Atlantic. A key to the eastern Atlantic species of Uroptychus is provided.
Biology of the shrimp Oplophorus spinosus (Brullé, 1839) (Decapoda, Oplophoridae) in the continental slope waters of the coast of northwest Africa
Authors: Sudnik S. A. 
Published: August 2017

The size-sex structure and reproduction of the pelagic shrimp Oplophorus spinosus (Brullé, 1839) in the northwestern African continental slope is described herein. A total of 175 males and 53 females were caught by pelagic and bottom trawls at depths of 354-913 m in October-May 2003-2005. Total body length (TL) was 20-55.5 mm in males and 28.5-54 mm in females. Female TL at first maturity was 31 mm, the TL of ovigerous females ranged from 39.5-54 mm. Fecundity varied from 5 to 25 eggs with an outer diameter of 3.21 ± 0.19 mm at the beginning of embryogenesis and 3.14 ± 0.16 mm at half-time. O. spinosus has a continuous spawning period with a possible peak in spring. Its main reproductive traits are similar to those of this species from the Pacific and are comparable with the other species of this genus. In general, Oplophorus spp. are typical K-strategists with large-sized eggs and low fecundity.
Reproductive aspects of the shrimp Cuapetes americanus (Kingsley, 1878) (Caridea, Palaemonidae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama
Authors: Negri Mariana , Magalhães Tatiana , Rossi Natália , Felder Darryl L. , Mantelatto Fernando L. 
Published: August 2017

The shrimp Cuapetes americanus is widely distributed in shallow waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, inhabiting sandy and rocky bottoms, macroalgae, seagrass beds, and mangrove roots. As the life cycle and ecology of this species remain poorly known, we investigated some reproductive traits of this species at Bocas del Toro, Panama. We collected and examined 167 individuals (63 males, 58 non-ovigerous females and 46 ovigerous females). Although males numerically dominated the larger size classes, ovigerous females were significantly larger than males and non-ovigerous females. All 46 ovigerous females were used to calculate embryo loss and embryo volume increase. Only females with eggs at an initial developmental stage () were used to estimate fecundity and reproductive output. A mean of 75.84 ± 40.16 embryos () occurred per female, a value near those reported for other species of Pontoniinae. A positive correlation between fecundity and female body size was observed, but it lacked significance. Likewise, a significant correlation between female body size and embryo volume was not detected. Embryo volume increased 35%, and females lost 26% of embryos on average during the incubation period, though significant changes were measurable only during early embryonic development. Mean reproductive output in the analysed reproductive event (0.22 ± 0.11, ) suggested a rate of energy investment in reproduction higher than average, as compared to females of most other decapods. A decrease in relative reproductive output was observed with the increase of female size, indicating that larger females were investing proportionally less energy in reproduction than smaller ones, when measured in relation to the body size, but this correlation also lacked significance. We review how these initial insights on reproduction of C. americanus at Bocas del Toro compare to those of other populations in various localities.
Two new species of the genus Actumnus Dana, 1851 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pilumnidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan
Authors: Takeda Masatsune , Komatsu Hironori 
Published: August 2017

Two new species of the crab genus Actumnus Dana, 1851 (family Pilumnidae) are reported from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan. Actumnus tsurukaii sp. nov. is similar to A. squamosus (De Haan, 1835), A. setifer (De Haan, 1835) and A. forficigerus (Stimpson, 1858) in possessing a poorly defined dorsal surface of the carapace with a coat of short setae, but differs in having relatively larger, fewer and more widely spaced conical granules or tubercles on the outer surfaces of the palms of both chelipeds. Actumnus uformis sp. nov. is similar to A. dorsipes Stimpson, 1858 and A. granotuberosus Garth & Kim, 1983 in having a prominently areolated dorsal surface of the carapace with a soft thick tomentum, but can be distinguished by the stronger areolation and the distinctly U-shaped protogastric region.
Preparedness and Economic Integration in Africa – A Case with Reference to APRM
Authors: Ahmed Faisal 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The ideas of governance and African integration and the inter-linkages between them are consistently defining policy-making in Africa. This paper analyses the Lagos Plan of Action and makes an assessment of various sub-regional integration pursuits within Africa, which is integral to the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM). The paper also analyses the business environment and economic governance in African sub-regions by assessing their participation in international trade and investment flows, besides discussing the trade-related institutional frameworks in Africa. Moreover, the paper analyses few indigenous best practices in the areas of infrastructural development, trade facilitation, competition regime, and, agricultural development, among others and also reflects on the pertinent concerns. It calls for a broad-based multi-stakeholder participation to help enhance Africa’s preparedness and global outreach.
Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections
Authors: COCK MATTHEW J. W. , CONGDON T. COLIN E. , COLLINS STEVE C. 
Published: August 2017

Based mainly on the authors’ observations, information additional to the authors’ earlier papers on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae is reported, including Pyrrhochalcia iphis (Drury), Pyrrhiades aeschylus (Plötz), Coeliades chalybe chalybe (Westwood), C. ramanatek ramanatek (Boisduval), C. libeon (Druce), Tagiades insularis Mabille, Abantis bamptoni Collins & Larsen, Apallaga spp. of the galenus clade, Platylesches morigambia Larsen, P. panga Evans, P. picanini (Holland), P. rasta Evans, and Prosopalpus styla Evans. The larval ectoparasitoid Eulophidae from our rearing are revisited and grouped into seven morphospecies, including Stenomesius japonicus (Ashmead). The phylogeny of the Hesperinae incertae sedis is discussed in light of recent work on the phylogeny of the Hesperiidae. Apallaga handmani (Collins & Congdon) stat rev. is removed from synonymy of A. biseriata maculata (Hampson) and accepted as a good species based on barcode and biology differences.
Ranking States on Coverage of Cancer-Preventing Vaccines Among Adolescents: The Influence of Imprecision
Authors: Waldrop Anne R. , Moss Jennifer L. , Liu Benmei , Zhu Li 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Identifying the best and worst states for coverage of cancer-preventing vaccines (hepatitis B [HepB] and human papillomavirus [HPV]) may guide public health officials in developing programs, such as promotion campaigns. However, acknowledging the imprecision of coverage and ranks is important for avoiding overinterpretation. The objective of this study was to examine states’ vaccination coverage and ranks, as well as the imprecision of these estimates, to inform public health decision making. Methods: We used data on coverage of HepB and HPV vaccines among adolescents aged 13-17 from the 2011-2015 National Immunization Survey-Teen (n = 103 729 from 50 US states and Washington, DC). We calculated coverage, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and ranks for vaccination coverage in each state, and we generated simultaneous 95% CIs for ranks using a Monte Carlo method with 100 000 simulations. Results: Across years, HepB vaccination coverage was 92.2% (95% CI, 91.8%-92.5%; states’ range, 84.3% in West Virginia to 97.0% in Connecticut). HPV vaccination coverage was 57.4% (95% CI, 56.6%-58.2%; range, 41.8% in Kansas to 78.0% in Rhode Island) for girls and 31.0% (95% CI, 30.3%-31.8%; range, 19.0% in Utah to 59.3% in Rhode Island) for boys. States with the highest and lowest ranks generally had narrow 95% CIs; for example, Rhode Island was ranked first (95% CI, 1-1) and Kansas was ranked 51st (95% CI, 49-51) for girls’ HPV vaccination. However, states with intermediate ranks had wider and more imprecise 95% CIs; for example, New York was 26th for girls’ HPV vaccination coverage, but its 95% CI included ranks 18-35. Conclusions: States’ ranks of coverage of cancer-preventing vaccines were imprecise, especially for states in the middle of the range; thus, performance rankings presented without measures of imprecision could be overinterpreted. However, ranks can highlight high-performing and low-performing states to target for further research and vaccination promotion programming.
White matter hyperintensities in migraine: Clinical significance and central pulsatile hemodynamic correlates
Authors: Cheng Chun-Yu , Cheng Hao-Min , Chen Shih-Pin , Chung Chih-Ping , Lin Yung-Yang , Hu Han-Hwa , Chen Chen-Huan , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: August 2017

Background The role of central pulsatile hemodynamics in the pathogenesis of white matter hyperintensities in migraine patients has not been clarified. Methods Sixty patients with migraine (20–50 years old; women, 68%) without overt vascular risk factors and 30 demographically-matched healthy controls were recruited prospectively. Cerebral white matter hyperintensities volume was determined by T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with CUBE-fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery sequences. Central systolic blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and carotid augmentation index were measured by applanation tonometry. Carotid pulsatility index was derived from Doppler ultrasound carotid artery flow analysis. Results Compared to the controls, the migraine patients had higher white matter hyperintensities frequency (odds ratio, 2.75; p = 0.04) and greater mean white matter hyperintensities volume (0.174 vs. 0.049, cm3, p = 0.04). Multivariable regression analysis showed that white matter hyperintensities volume in migraine patients was positively associated with central systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.04) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( p < 0.001), but negatively associated with carotid pulsatility index ( p = 0.04) after controlling for potential confounding factors. The interaction effects observed indicated that the influence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( p = 0.004) and central systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.03) on white matter hyperintensities formation was greater for the lower-carotid pulsatility index subgroup of migraine patients. White matter hyperintensities volume in migraine patients increased with decreasing carotid pulsatility index and with increasing central systolic blood pressure or carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Conclusions White matter hyperintensities are more common in patients with migraine than in healthy controls. Increased aortic stiffness or central systolic blood pressure in the presence of low intracranial artery resistance may predispose patients with migraine to white matter hyperintensities formation.
An Incentivized, Workplace Physical Activity Intervention Preferentially Increases Daily Steps in Inactive Employees
Authors: Mason M. Ryan , Ickes Melinda J. , Campbell Marilyn S. , Bollinger Lance M. 
Published: August 2017

Although physical activity (PA) is associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases, fewer than half of American adults meet the recommendations for daily PA, in part, due to large amounts of sedentary time in the workplace. Purpose: To determine the efficacy of an incentivized workplace PA intervention. Design: Retrospective cohort design. Setting: Large southeastern university. Participants: Of the 16 588 eligible employees working ≥8 h/wk, 6246 (37.6%) participated and 2206 (13.3%) were included in data analysis. Intervention: Six-week PA intervention with tiered incentives (value: $10.50-$29.00). Measures: Steps/day measured via consumer-grade PA monitors for 1-week pre-, 6-weeks during, and 1-week postintervention. Analysis: Participants were grouped by preintervention PA into 4 groups: <6000 (I); 6000 to 7999 (II); 8000 to 9999 (III); and ≥10 000 (IV) steps/d ( n = 481, 540, 485, and 700, respectively) in accordance with the tiered incentive schedule. Statistical comparisons were made by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: During the intervention, participants achieving ≥10 000 steps/d increased by 60%. Groups I, II, and III significantly increased steps/day during the intervention (46%, 24%, and 11%, respectively), which was partially maintained in groups I and II 1-week postintervention. Group IV did not increase steps/day during the intervention and significantly decreased steps/day 1-week postintervention. The estimated cost per participant of this intervention increased with from group I ($55.41) to IV ($71.90). Conclusion: An incentivized, workplace PA intervention preferentially increases PA and is most cost-effective among university employees with low initial PA who may benefit substantially from increased levels of PA.
Endoscopic Treatment of Early-Stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Sheski Francis D. , Mathur Praveen N. 
Published: August 2017

Background Disease-free survival after surgical resection of lung carcinoma in situ has been reported as over 90%. After resection of stage IA non-small cell lung cancer, survival at 5 years is approximately 60% to 70%. If endoscopic or bronchoscopic treatments of early-stage lung cancer can provide similar disease-free survival with less perioperative mortality, morbidity, and cost, then they may be alternative front-line therapies. Methods The authors review early-stage lung cancer detection by fluorescence bronchoscopy and the potential treatment of this disease by endoscopic techniques (photodynamic therapy, brachytherapy, Nd:YAG laser, electrocautery, and cryotherapy). Results Several reports have noted improved outcomes using endoscopic therapies for early-stage lung cancer, but insufficient data preclude firm conclusions regarding the role of fluorescence bronchoscopy, endobronchial brachytherapy, or electrocautery in early-stage lung cancer. Other than resection, photodynamic therapy may represent the best approach at this time. The principal indication for laser bronchoscopy is palliation of central airway obstruction Conclusions The identification of early-stage lung cancer provides no advantage if we have little to offer the patient short of traditional therapy. The value of newer treatment techniques and methods requires verification.
The Role of Induction Therapy in the Management of Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hensing Thomas A. , Detterbeck Frank , Socinski Mark A. 
Published: August 2017

Background Combined-modality therapy has become standard for many patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Although surgical resection offers the best chance for long-term survival, the limited number of resectable patients and the presence of occult micrometastatic disease has limited the effectiveness of this modality alone. Methods The authors reviewed several trials involving the use of induction chemotherapy in managing resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Results Extensive phase II experience in patients with stage III disease has confirmed the feasibility of this approach. Unfortunately, heterogeneous patient populations and treatment regimens limit the ability to draw firm conclusions from these trials alone. While the phase III experience has been limited, long-term follow-up is now available suggesting that induction therapy may have a beneficial impact on survival, especially for those patients who can be sufficiently downstaged. Recent phase II trials have included stage III patients who have traditionally been considered inoperable. Although encouraging, the role of surgery after chemoradiotherapy for this population of patients remains undefined. Conclusions Results from ongoing randomized trials studying the impact of induction therapy on well-defined patient populations will be necessary before the optimal regimen and patient population can be identified.
Contemporary Smoking Cessation
Authors: Westmaas J. Lee , Nath Vani , Brandon Thomas H. 
Published: August 2017

Background Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States today. Oncologists are in a unique position to affect the health and economic burdens of smoking by encouraging cessation among their patients who smoke. Methods The authors describe and review the effectiveness of current smoking cessation interventions as well as strategies that can be used to encourage cessation among patients. Three types of smoking cessation interventions are described: minimal (or self-help) interventions, behavioral interventions, and pharmacotherapy. The effectiveness of combinations of these types of treatments is also discussed. Results Oncology professionals can improve their patients’ chances for success by implementing various cost-effective and easily executed smoking cessation interventions. Advice from a physician to quit smoking has resulted in long-term quit rates of up to 10.2%, and nicotine transdermal patches, nicotine gum, inhalers, and nasal sprays are also effective. Conclusions Oncologists are encouraged to adopt the “4As” treatment protocol recommended by the National Cancer Institute: ask patients about their smoking status, advise them to quit, assist by recommending pharmacotherapy, counseling, and psychosocial self-help materials, and arrange follow-up.
Molecular Mechanisms and Pathways in Bladder Cancer Development and Progression
Authors: Jung Ichabod , Messing Edward 
Published: August 2017

Background The basis for bladder cancer development and progression is complex and involves genetic abnormalities. These abnormalities yield phenotypic changes that allow normal transitional cells to become cancerous and finally acquire the “malignant phenotype.” Methods The authors review the most common genetic alterations in bladder cancer and the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the conversion of normal transitional cell into malignant transitional cancer cells. Results There are several potential genetic changes of the urothelium that eventually cause bladder cancer initiation and tumor progression. Some of these alterations are also found in other malignancies suggesting that key common pathways exist in the development of cancer. Conclusions As the roles of certain genes or proteins are further elucidated, a better understanding of cancer development can aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of bladder cancer.
Contemporary Management of Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Pow-Sang Julio M. , Seigne John D. 
Published: August 2017

Background Bladder cancer is the second most common urologic malignancy after prostate cancer. Superficial bladder cancer presents as a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable biological potential. A significant percentage of patients diagnosed with superficial cancer will have multiple recurrences, and some will progress to invasive disease. Methods Patients are stratified into low- or high-risk for recurrence and progression. We review the most recent literature regarding intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer, and we summarize indications for the use of intravesical agents as well as their efficacy, toxicity, and cost. Results Several intravesical agents are available for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Patients may be identified as low- or high-risk for recurrence and progression. High-risk patients benefit from intravesical therapy. Conclusions Superficial bladder cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Treatment is effective in preventing recurrences and progression in the high-risk group.
Progress in the Management of Metastatic Bladder Cancer
Authors: Parimoo Deepika , Raghavan Derek 
Published: August 2017

Background Inadequate survival results from single agents in the management of advanced bladder cancer have prompted several trials involving multidrug combinations to increase response rates and survival. Methods Since the development of the MVAC regimen (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) and the CMV regimen (cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine), other regimens have been tested. We evaluate results from regimens that include cisplatin combined with gemcitabine, paclitaxel, or docetaxel, and paclitaxel combined with gemcitabine or carboplatin. Results Objective results observed with various new combinations are promising. Objective response (OR) rates of 41%, 59%, and 71% are reported with a regimen of gemcitabine plus cisplatin. Paclitaxel plus cisplatin produced OR rates of 65% and 72%. Conclusions The use of combination cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens in treating patients with metastatic bladder cancer has nearly doubled median survival to 12 months, with a 3-year survival of approximately 20% to 25%. Caution must be exercised in using some of the newer regimens as survival may be inferior compared with the MVAC regimen.
Assessment and Management of Pain in Palliative Care Patients
Authors: Perron Vincent , Schonwetter Ronald S. 
Published: August 2017

Background Pain affects more than 70% of cancer patients but is often undertreated. Methods The authors review and present methodologies to maximize proper palliative approaches to this symptom for the majority of patients. Results The World Health Organization's stepwise guide to pain control serves as an excellent basis for management. Around-the-clock dosing, using adjuvant treatments, and using noninvasive routes of administration provide good pain control for 80% of patients. Conclusions Barriers to effective pain control will be reduced as new JCAHO standards regarding pain control are implemented.
Integrating Palliative Care in Oncology
Authors: Weinstein Sharon M. 
Published: August 2017

Background Cancer is the second leading cause of death among Americans. The World Health Organization has mandated an integrated approach to palliative care in the treatment of patients with cancer. However, medical decision making in the setting of life-threatening disease remains complicated. Methods An integrated palliative care approach depends on the skillful blend of antineoplastic, supportive, and palliative interventions. For standardizing care plans, documenting palliative interventions, and tracking and improving outcomes, palliative care elements are defined. At our institute, medical symptom management, psychosocial support, and advance care planning are incorporated into routine cancer care. Results Although progress is being made toward integrating palliative care in the field of oncology, further efforts are needed to ensure that cancer patients and their families who need palliative care receive it. Conclusions If fully implemented, the integrated palliative care approach will result in quaternary prevention, ie, the prevention of suffering.