bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Contamination of Contact Lens Storage Cases During Daily Wear Use
Authors: Dantam Jaya , McCanna David Joseph , Subbaraman Lakshman N. , Papinski Dominik , Lakkis Carol , Mirza Aftab , Berntsen David A. , Morgan Philip , Nichols Jason J. , Jones Lyndon W. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate contact lens (CL) storage case contamination when used with four different CL care solutions during daily wear of three different CL materials.

Methods
A parallel, prospective, bilateral, randomized clinical trial (n = 38) was conducted. Subjects were randomly assigned to use one of three CL materials (etafilcon A, senofilcon A, or galyfilcon A) on a daily wear basis. Subsequently, each subject randomly used one of four different CL care solutions (Biotrue, OPTI-FREE PureMoist, RevitaLens OcuTec, and CLEAR CARE) for 2 weeks, along with their respective storage cases. After every 2-week period, their storage cases were collected and the right and left wells of each storage case were randomized for two procedures: (1) microbial enumeration by swabbing the storage case surface and (2) evaluation of biofilm formation (multipurpose solution cases only) using a crystal violet staining assay.

Results
More than 80% of storage cases were contaminated when used in conjunction with the four CL care solutions, irrespective of the CL material worn. Storage cases maintained with CLEAR CARE (mean Log colony forming units (CFU)/well ± SD, 2.0 ± 1.0) revealed significantly (p < 0.001) greater levels of contamination, compared to those maintained with Biotrue (1.3 ± 0.8) and RevitaLens OcuTec (1.2 ± 0.8). Predominantly, storage cases were contaminated with Gram-positive bacteria (≥80%). There were significant differences (p = 0.013) for the levels of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from the storage cases maintained with different CL care solutions. Storage cases maintained with OPTI-FREE PureMoist (0.526 ± 0.629) showed significantly higher biofilm formation (p = 0.028) compared to those maintained with Biotrue (0.263 ± 0.197).

Conclusions
Levels of contamination ranged from 0 to 6.4 Log CFU/storage case well, which varied significantly (p < 0.001) between different CL care solutions, and storage case contamination was not modulated by CL materials.
Developing a Very Low Vision Orientation and Mobility Test Battery (O&M-VLV)
Authors: Finger Robert P. , Ayton Lauren N. , Deverell Lil , O’Hare Fleur , McSweeney Shane C. , Luu Chi D. , Fenwick Eva K. , Keeffe Jill E. , Guymer Robyn H. , Bentley Sharon A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the feasibility of an assessment of vision-related orientation and mobility (O&M) tasks in persons with severe vision loss. These tasks may be used for future low vision rehabilitation clinical assessments or as outcome measures in vision restoration trials.

Methods
Forty legally blind persons (mean visual acuity logMAR 2.3, or hand movements) with advanced retinitis pigmentosa participated in the Orientation & Mobility—Very Low Vision (O&M-VLV) subtests from the Low Vision Assessment of Daily Activities (LoVADA) protocol. Four categories of tasks were evaluated: route travel in three indoor hospital environments, a room orientation task (the “cafe”), a visual exploration task (the “gallery”), and a modified version of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, which assesses re-orientation and route travel. Spatial cognition was assessed using the Stuart Tactile Maps test. Visual acuity and visual fields were measured.

Results
A generalized linear regression model showed that a number of measures in the O&M-VLV tasks were related to residual visual function. The percentage of preferred walking speed without an aid on three travel routes was associated with visual field (p < 0.01 for all routes) whereas the number of contacts with obstacles during route travel was associated with acuity (p = 0.001). TUG-LV task time was associated with acuity (p = 0.003), as was the cafe time and distance traveled (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). The gallery score was the only measure that was significantly associated with both residual acuity and fields (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
The O&M-VLV was designed to capture key elements of O&M performance in persons with severe vision loss, which is a population not often studied previously. Performance on these tasks was associated with both binocular visual acuity and visual field. This new protocol includes assessments of orientation, which may be of benefit in vision restoration clinical trials.
Symptom-Guided Emergency Department Discharge Instructions for Children With Concussion
Authors: Brooks Talia M. , Smith Marissa M. , Silvis Renee M. , Lerer Trudy , Mulvey Christine Henry , Maitland Ralynne , Dunn Amy L. , Logan Kelsey , Smith Sharon R. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives
The objective was to evaluate the use and utility of a novel set of emergency department discharge instructions (DIs) for concussion based on a child's ongoing symptoms: symptom-guided DIs (symptom DIs). Differences in clinical outcomes were also assessed.

Methods
A convenience sample of 114 children aged 7 to 17 years presenting to an urban pediatric emergency department with a complaint of concussion was assembled. Children were randomized to standard DIs or symptom DIs. Children completed a graded symptom checklist (GSC) and completed daily the GSC for 1 week. Telephone follow-up was performed at 7 days after enrollment using a standardized survey.

Results
Fifty-eight children received the symptom DIs, and 56 received the standard DIs. Rates of use were similar with reported rates of 92% for symptom DIs and 84% for standard DIs. Caregivers with symptom DIs reported that the DIs were more helpful in determining when their child could return to school and physical activity (P < 0.05) than caregivers with standard DIs. Children continued to have postconcussive symptoms days and weeks after their injury with 44% of children with symptom DIs and 51% of children with standard DIs reporting symptoms on the GSC at 1 week.

Conclusions
Both study groups reported frequent use of the DIs. Caregivers with symptom DIs found them particularly helpful in determining when their child could return to school and physical activity. Larger-scale investigations are needed to further develop instructions that are easy to use and that may decrease the postconcussive period.
Treatment of Severe Hypervolemic Hyponatremia in a Child With Pneumonia
Authors: Genoni Teresa , Tenconi Rossana , Bertolozzi Giuseppe , Laicini Emanuela Anna , Tardini Giacomo , Vianello Federica , Leva Ernesto , Milani Gregorio Paolo , Fossali Emilio Filippo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A 21-month-old boy came to our attention because of pneumonia. His weight increased before presentation, and his blood test results showed hyponatremia (116 mEq/L), low plasma osmolarity (241 mOsm/L), and high urine osmolarity (435 mOsm/L). He was treated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution and intravenous furosemide, and sodium levels rose up to 135 mEq/L in 36 hours. No standard treatment is available for severe hyponatremia in children. The use of vaptans in pediatric patients is described in literature, but it lacks evidence about safety and effectiveness. We suggest that furosemide administration plus salt replacement is effective in restoring normal values of plasma sodium concentration in severe euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia.
Essentials of PEM Fellowship Part 2: The Profession in Entrustable Professional Activities
Authors: Hsu Deborah , Nypaver Michele , Fein Daniel M. , McAneney Constance , Santen Sally , Nagler Joshua , Zuckerbraun Noel , Roskind Cindy Ganis , Reynolds Stacy , Zaveri Pavan , Stankovic Curt , House Joseph B. , Langhan Melissa , Titus M. Olivia , Dahl-Grove Deanna , Klasner Ann E. , Ramirez Jose , Chang Todd , Jacobs Elizabeth , Chapman Jennifer , Lumba-Brown Angela , Thompson Tonya , Mittiga Matthew , Eldridge Charles , Heffner Viday , Herman Bruce E. , Kennedy Christopher , Madhok Manu , Kou Maybelle 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article is the second in a 7-part series that aims to comprehensively describe the current state and future directions of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship training from the essential requirements to considerations for successfully administering and managing a program to the careers that may be anticipated upon program completion. This article describes the development of PEM entrustable professional activities (EPAs) and the relationship of these EPAs with existing taxonomies of assessment and learning within PEM fellowship. It summarizes the field in concepts that can be taught and assessed, packaging the PEM subspecialty into EPAs.
Critical Review: When the Party is Over: A Systematic Review of Behavioral Interventions for Substance-Using Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Carrico Adam W. , Zepf Roland , Meanley Steven , Batchelder Abigail , Stall Ronald 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
Because problematic patterns of alcohol and other substance use are prevalent drivers of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, comprehensive interventions are needed for substance-using men who have sex with men (SUMSM). We conducted a systematic review of 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioral interventions for reducing condomless anal intercourse (CAI) in SUMSM. Three RCTs observed that cognitive behavioral or motivational interviewing interventions achieved a 24% to 40% decrease in CAI. Interventions also tended to demonstrate greater efficacy for reducing CAI and substance use among those who had lower severity of substance use disorder symptoms. Although behavioral interventions for SUMSM are one potentially important component of biobehavioral HIV/AIDS prevention, further research is needed to examine whether integrative approaches that cultivate resilience and target co-occurring syndemic conditions demonstrate greater efficacy. Multilevel intervention approaches are also needed to optimize the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis and HIV treatment as prevention with SUMSM.
Infections associated with the use of eculizumab: recommendations for prevention and prophylaxis
Authors: Benamu Esther , Montoya José G. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
Eculizumab inhibits complement effector functions and has significantly impacted the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. However, the risks of potentially life-threatening infections, notably with Neisseria spp. in addition to its cost, are major challenges in clinical practice. In this review, we characterize and summarize the infectious complications reported with the use of eculizumab in the context of its typical and expanding indications.

Recent findings
Use of eculizumab is rapidly extending to the fields of transplantation and neurology. Eculizumab has been primarily associated with an increased risk of meningococcal infections. Immunization against its commonest serotypes (ABCWY) is now possible with the advent of the meningococcal B vaccine. A combined ABCWY vaccine is underway. Preventive strategies against breakthrough Neisseria infections should also include chemoprophylaxis. Less is known about the association of eculizumab with other infections as recently reported. Surrogate markers of complement blockade, notably CH50, and eculizumab efficacy may help in the risk assessment of infection.

Summary
Eculizumab has opened new horizons in the treatment of complement-mediated disorders. Prophylactic and immunization strategies against the risk of Nesseria spp. infections are sound and feasible. The use of eculizumab is expanding beyond complement-mediated diseases to transplantation and neurological disorders. Further research is needed to better define and stratify the risk of infection and prevention strategies in patients with the latter indications.
Personal protective equipment and improving compliance among healthcare workers in high-risk settings
Authors: Honda Hitoshi , Iwata Kentaro 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
Personal protective equipment (PPE) protects healthcare workers (HCWs) from infection by highly virulent pathogens via exposure to body fluids and respiratory droplets. Given the recent outbreaks of contagious infectious diseases worldwide, including Ebola virus and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, there is urgent need for further research to determine optimal PPE use in high-risk settings. This review intends to provide a general understanding of PPE and to provide guidelines for appropriate use based on current evidence.

Recent findings
Although previous studies have focused on the efficacy of PPE in preventing transmission of pathogens, recent studies have examined the dangers to HCWs during removal of PPE when risk of contamination is highest. Access to adequate PPE supplies is crucial to preventing transmission of pathogens, especially in resource-limited settings. Adherence to appropriate PPE use is a challenge due to inadequate education on its usage, technical difficulties, and tolerability of PPE in the workplace. Future projects aim at ameliorating this situation, including redesigning PPE which is crucial to improving the safety of HCWs.

Summary
PPE remains the most important strategy for protecting HCW from potentially fatal pathogens. Further research into optimal PPE design and use to improve the safety of HCWs is urgently needed.
Laparoscopic Liver Resection can be an Effective Way in Obese Patients: A Single Center of 2-Year Experience
Authors: Yu Hai-bo , Dong Ya-dong , Wang Lian-cai , Tian Guang-jin , Mu Sen-mao , Cao Yuan , Peng Ya-nan , Lou Chong-yang , Liu Peng , Li De-yu 
Published: June 2016

Objective:
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic liver resection in obese patients, we compared the operative outcomes between obese and nonobese patients, also between laparoscopic liver resection and open liver resection of obese and nonobese patients.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 86 patients suffering from liver resection in our department from January 2013 to December 2014 were divided into 3 groups: the obese patients group for laparoscopic liver resection, the nonobese patients group for laparoscopic liver resection and the obese patients group for open liver resection. Characteristics and clinic data of 3 groups were studied.

Results:
Characteristics of patients and clinic data were equivalent between the 3 groups. The groups were well matched in age, sex distribution, and liver function (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the operative time, estimated blood loss, time to oral intake, and postoperative hospital stay in the 3 groups. Tumor diameter of laparoscopic liver resection groups in obese patients was smaller than open liver resections groups in obese patients (P<0.05), but there were no obvious difference of tumor diameter in the laparoscopic liver resection groups of the obese patients and the nonobese patients.

Conclusions:
Obesity should not be seen as a contraindication for laparoscopic liver resection, which is a safe and feasible procedure for obese patients.
Diaphragmatic Hernia After Living Donor Right Hepatectomy: Proposal for a Screening Protocol
Authors: Livingstone Scott M. , Andres Axel , Shapiro A.M. James , Kneteman Norman N. , Bigam David L. 
Published: June 2016

Background
Living donor hepatectomy (LDH) is increasingly being used to improve access to liver transplantation for those with end-stage liver disease. Although recipient outcomes are equivalent, donor complication rates range from 10% to 41%. A rare, but potentially serious complication is occurrence of a diaphragmatic hernia (DH), of which 9 cases have been reported so far in the literature. The purpose of this work was to review the clinical impact of DH post-LDH, including risk factors (RF) in hope of mitigating impact.

Methods
A literature review was performed identifying all previous reports of post-operative DH in living liver donors. Demographic and outcome data were gathered to help identify RF. We also report 2 cases from our own institution.

Results
Reported incidences range from 0.6% to 2.3%, of which the majority are delayed (≥19 months). Obstruction or intestinal strangulation was present in 45%, 60% of whom required an intestinal resection. The most common RF was right lobe donation.

Conclusions
Postoperative DH is a rare but serious complication of LDH. The major RFs are right lobe donation and potentially conditions resulting in increased intraabdominal pressure. Diaphragmatic hernia frequently lead to intestinal obstruction and strangulation and should be repaired when identified. The implementation of a screening protocol for early identification could lead to repair before the development of complications. We propose the addition of screening chest x-ray to follow-up protocols to aid in the identification and subsequent repair of postoperative DH. Such a practice could hopefully reduce the clinical impact of this complication.
Reproducible Computational Workflows with Continuous Analysis
Authors: Beaulieu-Jones Brett K. , Greene Casey S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReproducing experiments is vital to science. Being able to replicate, validate and extend previous work also speeds new research projects. Reproducing computational biology experiments, which are scripted, should be straightforward. But reproducing such work remains challenging and time consuming. In the ideal world we would be able to quickly and easily rewind to the precise computing environment where results were generated. We would then be able to reproduce the original analysis or perform new analyses. We introduce a process termed “continuous analysis” which provides inherent reproducibility to computational research at a minimal cost to the researcher. Continuous analysis combines Docker, a container service similar to virtual machines, with continuous integration, a popular software development technique, to automatically re-run computational analysis whenever relevant changes are made to the source code. This allows results to be reproduced quickly, accurately and without needing to contact the original authors. Continuous analysis also provides an audit trail for analyses that use data with sharing restrictions. This allows reviewers, editors, and readers to verify reproducibility without manually downloading and rerunning any code. Example configurations are available at our online repository (https://github.com/greenelab/continuous_analysis).
Rapid, one-step generation of biallelic conditional gene knockouts
Authors: Andersson-Rolf Amanda , Mustata Roxana C. , Merenda Alessandra , Perera Sajith , Grego Tiago , Kim Jihoon , Andrews Katie , Fink Juergen , Skarnes William C. , Koo Bon-Kyoung 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLoss-of-function studies are key to investigate gene function and CRISPR technology has made genome editing widely accessible in model organisms and cells. However, conditional gene inactivation in diploid cells is still difficult to achieve. Here, we present CRISPR-FLIP, a strategy that provides an efficient, rapid, and scalable method for bi-allelic conditional gene knockouts in diploid cells by co-delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 and a universal conditional intron cassette.
Take a message – and take the stairs
Authors: Beal Brian 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Worksites have been targeted as an important setting for physical activity interventions. A recent emphasis for health promoters is the use of point-of-choice interventions to encourage stair climbing at work. The purpose of this paper is to explore campaigns to increase stair climbing at work.

Design/methodology/approach
Focus groups were structured around three messages and four prompts and sought to explore the motivational power of the resources, identify factors contributing to their effectiveness and provide recommendations to improve and optimize content. Benefits and barriers to stair climbing at work were also explored.

Findings
Health awareness, motivation, social norms and time management influence stair climbing at work. Critically, factors associated with the worksite itself can also bias choice independently of any intervention. Results suggest that messages targeting heart health have the greatest impact on reported propensity to climb the stairs at work. Messages targeting rate of respiration for fitness, however, may have a negative effect, given that most people want to avoid getting out of breath at work.

Originality/value
Qualitative research is essential for developing and refining the design detail of point-of-choice interventions and tailoring their components to address individuals’ needs in different settings, but there is little evidence of this in practice.
Time well spent?
Authors: Linacre Simon 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Among the slew of apps that can be downloaded to our devices, many of them purport to help us to be more organized. Some of them organize emails or enable greater functionality in person-to-person communications; some help us identify tasks and move them across virtual boards until they are complete; some remind us to do things at a certain time or place. Many of these are used every day, with some being effective for certain people, and others helping another type of person. In the end, it seems to come down to what suits an individual.

Practical implications
This study provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Employees of the future beware
Authors: Linacre Simon 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Is the art of writing a good CV dying? Never has it been easier to bypass the traditional form of proving one’s credentials for work, with the Internet fast-tracking all manner of ways to show how good any individual may be at their work. Videos can show in real time someone performing their job; references can be emailed in an instant; online sites can host qualifications and recommendations; and there are even virtual badges and other accreditations that can be pinned to the virtual chest of any applicant. Surely, employers have never had it so good when it comes to recruitment.

Practical implications
This study provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.