bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nebivolol prevents redox imbalance and attenuates bladder dysfunction induced by cyclophosphamide in mice
Authors: Jesus Carolina P.S. , Pimenta Gustavo F. , de Oliveira Mariana G. , Dourado Thales M.H. , Antunes Edson , Tirapelli Carlos R. 
Published: September 2024

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is combined with cytoprotective agents to minimize its toxicity in the bladder, which is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using multiple antioxidant mechanisms, nebivolol protects from oxidative stress in distinctive conditions. We hypothesized that nebivolol would attenuate both molecular and functional alterations induced by CYP in the bladder. Male C57BL/6 were pretreated or not with nebivolol (10 mg/kg/day, gavage), which was given 5 days before a single injection of CYP (300 mg/kg; i.p.). Molecular and functional parameters were assessed at 24 h in the bladder. Nebivolol prevented increases in ROS generation and lipoperoxidation as well as reduction of superoxide dismutase activity induced by CYP. Increased voiding frequency, decreased voiding interval, and reduced bladder capacity were found in CYP-treated mice. These responses were prevented by nebivolol. An augmented number of urinary spots and smaller urinary volumes were detected in CYP-injected mice, and nebivolol partially prevented these responses. The reduction of ROS levels is the primary mechanism by which nebivolol attenuates the deleterious effects of CYP in the bladder. The association of nebivolol with other cytoprotective agents could be an option to prevent CYP-associated oxidative damage to the bladder during chemotherapy.
Speech Fatigue Recognition Under Small Samples Based on Generative Adversarial Networks and BLSTM
Authors: Chen Shuxi , Qiu Jianlin , Zhang Haifei , Yu Yifan , Chen Hao , Sun Yiyang 
Published: September 2024

To address the issue of low accuracy in speech fatigue recognition (SFR) under small samples, a method for small-sample SFR based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) is proposed. First, we enable the generator and discriminator to adversarially train and learn the features of the samples, and use the generator to generate high-quality simulated samples to expand our dataset. Then, we transfer discriminator parameters to fatigue identification network to accelerate network training speed. Furthermore, we use a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BLSTM) to further learn temporal fatigue features and improve the recognition rate of fatigue. 720 speech samples from a self-made Chinese speech database (SUSP-SFD) were chosen for training and testing. The results indicate that compared with traditional SFR methods, like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory network (LSTM), our method improved the SFR rate by about 2.3–6.7%, verifying the effectiveness of the method.
OPTIMIZED ELECTROLESS NICKEL DEPOSITION ON MILD STEEL USING LAWSONE AS COMPLEXING AGENT
Authors: THABASSOOM H. ASIA , FLORENCE J. FELICITA 
Published: September 2024

Lawsonia inermis Linn Leaf extract has been evaluated in alkaline solutions for its influence on electroless Ni–P alloy deposition on mild steel. During electroless plating, the effect of experimental processing conditions on deposition rate is investigated. Bath compositions and operational parameters have been optimized. The findings indicate that increasing the volume of additives from 0.5[Formula: see text]mL to 5[Formula: see text]mL improves the inclusion rate of electroless Ni–P alloy coating. In the absence of a complexing agent, additive Lawsone exhibits additional structural features and phases. The deposition rate and the corrosion rate of the Ni–P deposits were estimated, respectively, from the weight loss after a period of time. It is recommended to replace sodium citrate with Lawsone. Lawsone’s effect acting as a complexing agent on Ni–P electroless coating was explored utilizing SEM, EDAX, AFM, FTIR, and XRD, as well as corrosion investigations. Polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to assess the corrosion efficiency.
Dynamic Intelligent Analysis of Single-Column Pier Bridges Considering Vehicle–Bridge Interaction
Authors: Cao Liang , Zhou Hailei , Liu Jiepeng , Frank Chen Y. 
Published: September 2024

With its advantages of low engineering cost, minimal space occupancy, and aesthetically pleasing shape, the single-column pier bridge is frequently utilized in urban viaducts and interchange ramps. Due to structural peculiarities, the bridge subjected to eccentric loading, flexural and torsional interaction, and centrifugal force may undergo tipping accidents. To better comprehend the overturning resistance of the bridge, the vibration governing equation of the bridge (idealized as an orthotropic thin plate with point supports in the domain model) is established considering vehicle–bridge interaction. An approximate dynamic analysis formula is subsequently derived via a hybrid method using the grey wolf optimizer. Compared with the outcomes of finite element analysis, the maximal deviation arising from this derived analytical formula is approximately [Formula: see text]% with the greater discrepancy being observed in scenarios featuring minimal support reactions. Compared with the finite element method, the proposed method in this study has higher computational efficiency with precision. This analytical solution is then utilized in the parametric study to scrutinize the influences of span, road surface roughness, and vehicle velocity on a single-column pier bridge under four vehicles. The analysis findings indicate that the proposed approach is reasonably precise, remarkably efficient, and efficacious.
Association of body mass index and perinatal outcomes of women delivering at advanced maternal age
Authors: Yan Guimin , Dong Ying , Yu Xiaojuan , Zhang Lin , Zhao Xin , Zhou Jing , Du Yan , Wang Ling 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and perinatal outcomes of women delivering at advanced maternal age (AMA). Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, 261 Chinese women aged 35 and above who delivered from January 1st to June 30th, 2021 at Shanghai Putuo Maternity and Infant Health Hospital were enrolled. Information including height, pre-pregnancy and prenatal weight, and maternal and neonatal complications was recorded. Women were classified into the normal group ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2, [Formula: see text], 82.4%) and overweight group (BMI: [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2, [Formula: see text], 17.6%) based on their pre-pregnancy BMI. Women were further categorized based on their BMI gains during pregnancy: group A (BMI gain [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2) and group B (BMI gain [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2). The association of perinatal outcomes and pre-pregnancy BMI was investigated based on BMI gain strata. Results: Of women in the overweight group, the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and cesarean section (CS) were significantly higher than that of the normal group ([Formula: see text]). Furthermore, we found overweight women had a higher risk of CS when their BMI gain was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2 and a higher incidence of GDM when their BMI gain [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2 (both [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: Adverse perinatal complications that occur in AMA women are associated with overweight and excessive BMI gain during pregnancy. Effective management of weight around pregnancy may reduce adverse outcomes.
Study on Attenuation Mechanism and Durability Improvement of Platinum-Carbon Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Chen Ligang , Zhao Wei , Ren Yuchen , Liu Zhiyang , Zhang Luosha , An Ziying , Jia Yin , Li Chunji , Xu Min , Zhang Ningyuan , Zhang Yu , Xie Kangjun , Chai Maorong 
Published: September 2024

The relationship between Pt particle size and activity and durability of Pt/C electrocatalysts on rotating disk electrodes is established and the results show that Pt/C electrocatalysts with particle size over 3.5 nm have excellent resistance to Pt particle decay and carbon corrosion. Further, the research results on the mechanism of Pt particle decay and carbon corrosion show that the Pt particle attenuation is composed of 80% Ostwald ripening and 20% particle agglomeration, and the carbon corrosion is affected by the catalytic action of Pt particles. Therefore, the above results show that regulating the Pt particle size to 3.5–4.0 nm can improve the durability of Pt/C electrocatalysts on RDE. To verify the accuracy of this conclusion and determine the optimal particle size range in practical application, single cells with 5 × 5 cm2 is assembled to evaluate the performance and durability of cathode Pt/C electrocatalysts under H2/air. The results show that cathode Pt/C electrocatalysts with particle size between 3.5 nm and 3.8 nm have high single cell performance (2.3 A cm−2@0.65 V) and durability (A loss of 15 mV@0.8 A cm−2 after 30000 cycles). These findings reveal the attenuation mechanism of Pt/C electrocatalysts and provide ideas for the development of high-durability Pt-based electrocatalysts for practical applications.
Record-Breaking Marine Heatwave over the Central North Pacific in 2021 Summer: Its Formation Associated with Loss of Central Mode Water
Authors: Nishihira Gaku , Sugimoto Shusaku 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged extremely high sea surface temperature (SST) events. In the 2021 summer, an intense MHW occurred over the central North Pacific; the SST in September 2021 was the highest in September since 1900, and the warming signal was distributed not only near the sea surface but also below the ocean mixed layer (∼300-m depth). Atmosphere reanalysis data showed westward expansion of the North Pacific subtropical high (NPSH) in the 2021 summer, but both an increase in downward shortwave radiation and a decrease in upward latent heat flux were not so large, and ocean mixed layer heat budget analysis, which also used ocean reanalysis data, revealed that the atmosphere-induced heating is insufficient to form the record-breaking MHW. Argo profiling floats indicated that, in the 2021 summer, the Central Mode Water (CMW)—a huge water mass characterized by vertically uniform properties in depths of 100–500 m—decreased extremely, the thickness of which was less than 20% of the normal. Statistical analysis showed that, from the sea surface to the upper boundary of CMW, the heavier isopycnal surfaces are deeper associated with the decrease in CMW, leading to a weakening of the seasonal pycnocline. Then, this causes the weakening of cooling heat flux associated with the entrainment of subsurface waters into the mixed layer, resulting in surface ocean warming, which in turn contributed to form the MHW in the 2021 summer.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of eplerenone and spironolactone in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elshahat Ahmed , Mansour Ahmed , Ellabban Mohamed , Diaa Ahmed , Hassan Atef , Fawzy Ahmed , Saad Omar Abdulrahman , Abouelmagd Moaz , Eid Mahmoud , Elaraby Ahmed , Elkasaby Mohamed Hamouda , Abdelaziz Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Eplerenone and spironolactone, recognized as mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), have been reported to improve clinical prognosis among individuals diagnosed with heart failure (HF). However, the difference in the clinical effects between eplerenone and spironolactone in individuals with HF remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the impact of eplerenone compared to spironolactone on clinical outcomes within the HF population.

Methods
An extensive search was executed in several databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library). All relevant studies evaluating eplerenone compared to spironolactone in patients with HF were included. Dichotomous data were pooled as Hazard ratio (HR) or Risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Our main outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included death from cardiovascular causes, treatment withdrawal, and gynecomastia.

Results
Ten studies, comprising 21,930 HF individuals, were included in our investigation. Eplerenone showed a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.78, 95%CI [0.64 to 0.94], P = 0.009) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.54, 95%CI [0.39, 0.74], P = 0.0001) compared to spironolactone. Furthermore, eplerenone exhibited a reduced risk of treatment withdrawal (RR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.62, 0.78], P = 0.0001) and gynecomastia (RR = 0.07, 95% CI [0.02 to 0.31], P = 0.0001) than spironolactone.

Conclusion
Eplerenone revealed lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality events in comparison to spironolactone. Moreover, eplerenone was associated with lower gynecomastia and treatment withdrawal events compared to spironolactone. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are still warranted better to identify the clinical differences between eplerenone and spironolactone.

Trial registration
Protocol registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VNMGK
Perceived outcomes of medical teaching institute reforms: insights from management, faculty, and administration in Pakistani tertiary health care
Authors: Qamar Wajiha , Qayum Mehran , Nisa Waqar-un , Ali Asma 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
The study aims to explore the perceived outcomes of Medical Teaching Institution (MTI) reforms on autonomy and overall performance within tertiary healthcare institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan.

Methodology
A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2023 to March 2024, involving interviews with frontline staff, administrative personnel, and senior management within MTI-affiliated institutions. The methodology employed, using both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques.

Results
The study showed that institutional staff members’ knowledge and understanding of the MTI changes differed. Some observed very minor adjustments, while others saw advances in hospital operations and service delivery. Administrative complexity, political meddling, and resource allocation problems were noted as challenges. Positive results were also observed, though, and they included improved infrastructure, possibilities for staff training, and decision-making procedures.

Conclusion
Despite significant improved, there are still challenges, such as inconsistent staff comprehension, mixed impacts on service delivery, resource allocation issues, and political meddling. Addressing these issues necessitates improved communication, continuous evaluation, and coordinated efforts to improve administrative systems and obtain consistent funding.
Prevalence, risk factors, and characterisation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in horses entering an equine hospital and description of longitudinal excretion
Authors: Eskola Katarina , Aimo-Koivisto Elina , Heikinheimo Annamari , Mykkänen Anna , Hautajärvi Tiina , Grönthal Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are important zoonotic pathogens that can cause serious clinical infections, also in horses. Preventing the spread of ESBL-E, especially in the equine hospital environment, is key to reducing the number of difficult-to-treat infections. Estimating the local prevalence of ESBL-E in horses is crucial to establish targeted infection control programs at equine hospitals. We conducted a prevalence and risk factor study in equine patients on admission to an equine teaching hospital in Finland through a rectal ESBL-E screening specimen of the horse and a questionnaire.

Results
The prevalence of ESBL-E in admitted horses was 3% (5/161, 95% CI 1–7%); none of the tested factors remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis, although antimicrobial treatment within three months was borderline significant (p = 0.052). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST6179:CTX-M-15 was detected in three horses using whole-genome sequencing, which in combination with patient records suggested nosocomial transmission. Escherichia coli isolates were ST1250:CTX-M-1 (n = 1), ST1079:CTX-M-1 (n = 1), and ST1245:CTX-M-14 (n = 1). Multiple virulence genes were detected in the ESBL-E isolates. In the ESBL-E positive horses enrolled in a one-year follow-up study, ESBL-E were unlikely to be isolated in rectal screening specimens after the initial positive specimen.

Conclusions
The prevalence of ESBL-E in horses visiting a veterinary teaching hospital in Finland is low, indicating an overall low prevalence estimate in the country’s equine population. No statistically significant risk factors were identified, likely due to the low number of cases. The duration of ESBL-E carriage is likely to be very short in horses.
Glucose metabolism in glioma: an emerging sight with ncRNAs
Authors: Rong Jun , Wang Qifu , Li Tingzheng , Qian Jin , Cheng Jinchao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlioma is a primary brain tumor that grows quickly, has an unfavorable prognosis, and can spread intracerebrally. Glioma cells rely on glucose as the major energy source, and glycolysis plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. Substrate utilization shifts throughout glioma progression to facilitate energy generation and biomass accumulation. This metabolic reprogramming promotes glioma cell proliferation and metastasis and ultimately decreases the efficacy of conventional treatments. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in several glucose metabolism pathways during tumor initiation and progression. These RNAs influence cell viability and glucose metabolism by modulating the expression of key genes of the glycolytic pathway. They can directly or indirectly affect glycolysis in glioma cells by influencing the transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of oncogenes and suppressor genes. In this review, we discussed the role of ncRNAs in the metabolic reprogramming of glioma cells and tumor microenvironments and their abnormal expression in the glucometabolic pathway in glioma. In addition, we consolidated the existing theoretical knowledge to facilitate the use of this emerging class of biomarkers as biological indicators and potential therapeutic targets for glioma.
Thromboelastography as an early prediction method for hypofibrinogenemia in emergency department patients with primary postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Kim Sang-Min , Sohn Chang Hwan , Kwon Hyojeong , Ryoo Seung Mok , Ahn Shin , Seo Dong Woo , Kim Won Young 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Timely and accurate assessment of coagulopathy is crucial for the management of primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Thromboelastography (TEG) provides a comprehensive assessment of coagulation status and is useful for guiding the treatment of hemorrhagic events in various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the role of TEG in predicting hypofibrinogenemia in emergency department (ED) patients with primary PPH.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study in the ED of a university-affiliated tertiary hospital between November 2015 and August 2023. TEG was performed upon admission. The cutoff value for hypofibrinogenemia was 200 mg/dL. The primary outcome was the presence of hypofibrinogenemia.

Results
Among the 174 patients, 73 (42.0%) had hypofibrinogenemia. The need for massive transfusion was higher in the hypofibrinogenemia group (37.0% vs. 5.0%, p < 0.001). Among the TEG parameters, all values were significantly different between the groups, except for lysis after 30 min, suggesting a tendency toward hypocoagulability. Multivariable analysis revealed that the alpha angle (odds ratio (OR) 0.924, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.876–0.978) and maximum amplitude (MA) (OR 0.867, 95% CI 0.801–0.938) were independently associated with hypofibrinogenemia. The optimal cutoff values for the alpha angle and maximum amplitude (MA) for hypofibrinogenemia were 63.8 degrees and 56.1 mm, respectively.

Conclusion
Point-of-care TEG could be a valuable tool for the early identification of hypofibrinogenemia in ED patients with primary PPH.
Altered microRNA composition in the uterine lumen fluid in cattle (Bos taurus) pregnancies initiated by artificial insemination or transfer of an in vitro produced embryo
Authors: Biase Fernando H. , Moorey Sarah E. , Schnuelle Julie G. , Rodning Soren , Ortega Martha Sofia , Spencer Thomas E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are presented in the uterine lumen of many mammals, and in vitro experiments have determined that several miRNAs are important for the regulation of endometrial and trophoblast functions. Our aim was to identify and contrast the miRNAs present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the uterine lumen fluid (ULF) at the onset of attachment in cattle pregnancies (gestation d 18) initiated by artificial insemination (AI) or by the transfer of an in vitro-produced blastocyst (IVP-ET). A third group had no conceptus after the transfer of an IVP embryo.

Results
The abundance of 263 annotated miRNAs was quantified in the EVs collected from ULF. There was an increase in the transcript abundance of 20 miRNAs in the ULF EVs from the AI pregnant group, while 4 miRNAs had a lower abundance relative to the group not containing a conceptus. Additionally, 4 miRNAs were more abundant in ULF EVs in the AI pregnant group relative to IVP-ET group (bta-mir-17, bta-mir-7-3, MIR7-1, MIR18A). Specific miRNAs in the ULF EVs were co-expressed with messenger RNAs expressed in extra-embryonic tissues and endometrium, including genes that are known to be their targets.

Conclusions
The results provide biological insights into the participation of miRNAs in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as in endometrium receptivity. The knowledge that in vitro cultured embryos can contribute to the altered abundance of specific miRNAs in the uterine lumen can lead to the development of corrective approaches to reduce conceptus losses during the first month of pregnancy in cattle.
Molecular regulation of axon termination in mechanosensory neurons
Authors: Desbois Muriel , Grill Brock 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Spatially and temporally accurate termination of axon outgrowth, a process called axon termination, is required for efficient, precise nervous system construction and wiring. The mechanosensory neurons that sense low-threshold mechanical stimulation or gentle touch have proven exceptionally valuable for studying axon termination over the past 40 years. In this Review, we discuss progress made in deciphering the molecular and genetic mechanisms that govern axon termination in touch receptor neurons. Findings across model organisms, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish and mice, have revealed that complex signaling is required for termination with conserved principles and players beginning to surface. A key emerging theme is that axon termination is mediated by complex signaling networks that include ubiquitin ligase signaling hubs, kinase cascades, transcription factors, guidance/adhesion receptors and growth factors. Here, we begin a discussion about how these signaling networks could represent termination codes that trigger cessation of axon outgrowth in different species and types of mechanosensory neurons.