bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'étude des moulins à vent médiévaux : nouvelles pistes
Authors: Coutant Yves 
Published: February 2016

Yves Coûtant, L'étude des moulins à vent médiévaux : nouvelles pistes.
L'étude détaillée des comptes de réparations se rapportant aux moulins à vent flamands des XIVe et XVe siècles révèle non seulement une parenté avec les moulins anglais et normands mais aussi une incontestable originalité. En Flandre, ces deux siècles furent capitaux pour le perfectionnement du moulin à vent. Le socle, qui était encore enterré comme en Angleterre, commence à être dressé sur des piliers maçonnés ; le frein à appui cède la place au frein moderne, que les meuniers qualifient encore de «flamand» ; les vergues et le lattis des volants deviennent plus performants. D'autre part, certains aspects plus désuets du moulin à vent méritent d'être approfondis : faux-liens du socle, vantail pour l'évacuation des eaux de pluie, etc.
Le moulin-tour dont la calotte s'oriente au moyen d'une queue, apparaît en Flandre française dès le XIVe siècle. Il serait antérieur au moulin normand, qui en est une copie conforme avec sa queue à trois branches pourvue d'une roue d'appui.
II y a cent ans, une société de concerts à Lille : l'Orchestre et Chœurs d'Amateurs (1887-1910)
Authors: Gosselin Guy 
Published: February 2016

L'article étudie l'organisation et le rôle d'une des principales sociétés de musique durant l'âge d'or de la vie symphonique lilloise. Il comprend quatre parties :
- Histoire de la Société depuis les premiers concerts privés en 1887, jusqu'aux trois dernières années (1908-1910), durant lesquelles Mme Maquet prit la tête de l'orchestre.
- Position de celle-ci au sein du tissu social lillois : origines confessionnelles, fonctionnement autocratique...
- Sa réussite musicale.
- Incidences musicologiques de cette réussite, notamment en ce qui concerne la connaissance de l'œuvre de Wagner et le rôle de diffusion essentiel du répertoire savant.
Le siège de Lille en 1792
Authors: Rocolle Pierre 
Published: February 2016

Sommige auteurs hebben het versterkte kamp in La Madeleine toegschre- ven aan Marescot, toekomstig inspecteur-generaal van het genie en rijkssgraaf toen hij kapitein te Rijsel was in het jaar II.
Deze toeschrijving dateert van een eeuw na de feiten en komt voort uit de verwarring met een nooit uitgevoerd projekt van een versterkt kamp in de wijk 'des Malades' ten zuidwesten van de versterking van Rijsel.
Le recyclage des archives pour la fabrication des gargousses en l'An II
Authors: Delsalle Paul 
Published: February 2016

Les archives ont été détruites en masse pendant la Révolution française, pas seulement pour des motifs idéologiques mais surtout pour les besoins de l'armée. La loi du 7 messidor an II a provoqué un gigantesque mouvement d'anéantissement du patrimoine archivistique français.
A l'aide des parchemins et des vieux papiers, on fabriquait des gargousses (sorte d'étuis pour contenir des charges de poudre de fusil ou de canon) pour les soldats de l'an IL Les réquisitions d'archives publiques ou privées ont été nombreuses dans les provinces frontalières. Des ordres très précis de perquisition et de réquisition ont été donnés par les autorités gouvernementales et militaires. Certaines municipalités ont fait preuve d'un zèle patriotique tout à fait particulier.
L'auteur fournit quelques exemples, en particulier dans les départements du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais. Il propose surtout une vaste enquête nationale pour mesurer l'ampleur de ces opérations de recyclage.
Un défenseur des hôpitaux militaires : Jean- François Coste
Authors: Trénard Louis 
Published: February 2016

Originating in Bugey, this physician, a friend of Voltaire's, begins his career in the Nancy military hospital in 1772 where he completes his training. After denouncing malversations, Coste is transferred to Calais, then in 1780, appointed as physician with the expeditionary corps placed under the orders of Rochambeau. On the eastern coast of America, he created military hospi- tais, inoculates the soldiers, takes care of the civilian populations as well as of the military personnel, of the Americans as well as of the English.
Back to Calais, he is appointed as inspector of the Medical Corps in the northern regions. It is then that the Minister of War considers abolishing the military hospitals and replacing them by regimental infirmaries. Coste's reaction is immediate and he demonstrates the usefulness of military hospitals.
After the Terror, he resumes his military activity as Surgeon General of the armies' Medical Corps, takes part in the campaigns of the Consulate and of the Empire in which he readily asserts his demands, an attitude which makes him fall into a relative disfavour in 1807. He finishes his career as surgeon of the «Invalides» in 1819.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE VERY-LOW-MASS SECONDARY IN THE GJ 660.1AB SYSTEM
Authors: Aganze Christian , Burgasser Adam J. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Choban Caleb , Escala Ivanna , Lopez Mike A. , Jin Yuhui , Tamiya Tomoki , Tallis Melisa , Rockward Willie 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a spectroscopic analysis of the low-mass binary star system GJ 660.1AB, a pair of nearby M dwarfs for which we have obtained separated near-infrared spectra (0.9–2.5 μm) with the SpeX spectrograph. The spectrum of GJ 660.1B is distinctly peculiar, with a triangular-shaped 1.7 μm peak that initially suggests that it is a low-surface-gravity, young brown dwarf. However, we rule out this hypothesis and determine instead that this companion is a mild subdwarf (d/sdM7) based on the subsolar metallicity of the primary, [Fe/H] = −0.63 ± 0.06. Comparison of the near-infrared spectrum of GJ 660.1B to two sets of spectral models yields conflicting results, with a common effective temperature of T
eff = 2550–2650 K, but alternately low surface gravity (

=

) and very low metallicity ([M/H] =

), or high surface gravity (

= 5.0–5.5) and slightly subsolar metallicity ([M/H] =

). We conjecture that insufficient condensate opacity and excessive collision-induced H2 absorption in the models bias them toward low surface gravities and a metallicity that is inconsistent with the primary and points toward improvements needed in the spectral modeling of metal-poor, very-low-mass dwarfs. The peculiar spectral characteristics of GJ 660.1B emphasize that care is needed when interpreting surface gravity features in the spectra of ultracool dwarfs.
REST-FRAME OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF LUMINOUS 1.5 < Z < 3.5 QUASARS: THE Hβ-[O iii] REGION
Authors: Shen Yue 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the rest-frame optical properties of 74 luminous (

),

broad-line quasars with near-IR (JHK) slit spectroscopy. Systemic redshifts based on the peak of the [O iii] λ5007 line reveal that redshift estimates from the rest-frame UV broad emission lines (mostly Mg ii) are intrinsically uncertain by

(measurement errors accounted for). The overall full-width-at-half-maximum of the narrow [O iii] line is

on average. A significant fraction of the total [O iii] flux (∼40%) is in a blueshifted wing component with a median velocity offset of

, indicative of ionized outflows within a few kpc from the nucleus; we do not find evidence of significant [O iii] flux beyond

in our slit spectroscopy. The [O iii] line is noticeably more asymmetric and weaker than that in typical less luminous low-z quasars. However, when matched in quasar continuum luminosity, low-z quasars have similar [O iii] profiles and strengths as these high-z systems. Therefore the exceptionally large width and blueshifted wing, and the relatively weak strength of [O iii] in high-z luminous quasars are mostly a luminosity effect rather than redshift evolution. The Hβ-[O iii] region of these high-z quasars displays a similar spectral diversity and Eigenvector 1 correlations with anti-correlated [O iii] and optical Fe ii strengths, as seen in low-z quasars; but the average broad Hβ width is larger by 25% than typical low-z quasars, indicating more massive black holes in these high-z systems. These results highlight the importance of understanding [O iii] in the general context of quasar parameter space in order to understand quasar feedback in the form of [O iii] outflows. The calibrated one-dimensional near-IR spectra are made publicly available, along with a composite spectrum.
ON THE NONTHERMAL κ-DISTRIBUTED ELECTRONS IN PLANETARY NEBULAE AND H ii REGIONS: THE κ INDEX AND ITS CORRELATIONS WITH OTHER NEBULAR PROPERTIES
Authors: Zhang (张泳) Yong , Zhang (张兵) Bing , Liu (刘晓为) Xiao-Wei 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Recently, a suspicion arose that the free electrons in planetary nebulae (PNs) and H ii regions might have nonthermal energy distributions. In this scenario, a κ index is introduced to characterize the electron energy distributions, with smaller κ values indicating larger deviations from Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions. Assuming that this is the case, we determine the κ values for a sample of PNs and H ii regions by comparing the intensities of [O iii] collisionally excited lines and the hydrogen Balmer jump. We find the average κ indices of PNs and H ii regions to be 27 and 32, respectively. Correlations between the resultant κ values and various physical properties of the nebulae are examined to explore the potential origin of nonthermal electrons in photoionized gaseous nebulae. However, no positive result is obtained. Thus, the current analysis does not lend support to the idea that κ-distributed electrons are present in PNs and H ii regions.
SNe Ia AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS TO SN 2014J
Authors: Dragulin Paul , Hoeflich Peter 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present theoretical semi-analytic models for the interaction of stellar winds with the interstellar medium (ISM) or prior mass loss implemented in our code SPICE, assuming spherical symmetry and power-law ambient density profiles and using the Π-theorem. This allows us to test a wide variety of configurations, their functional dependencies, and to find classes of solutions for given observations. Here, we study Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) surroundings of single and double degenerate systems, and their observational signatures. Winds may originate from the progenitor prior to the white dwarf (WD) stage, the WD, a donor star, or an accretion disk (AD). For M
Ch explosions, the AD wind dominates and produces a low-density void several light years across, surrounded by a dense shell. The bubble explains the lack of observed interaction in late time SN light curves for, at least, several years. The shell produces narrow ISM lines Doppler shifted by 10–100 km s−1, and equivalent widths of ≈100 mÅ and ≈1 mÅ in cases of ambient environments with constant density and produced by prior mass loss, respectively. For SN2014J, both mergers and M
Ch mass explosions have been suggested based on radio and narrow lines. As a consistent and most likely solution, we find an AD wind running into an environment produced by the red giant wind of the progenitor during the pre-WD stage, and a short delay, 0.013–1.4 Myr, between the WD formation and the explosion. Our framework may be applied more generally to stellar winds and star formation feedback in large scale galactic evolution simulations.
INVESTIGATING PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN PROTOSTELLAR JETS: THE TRIPLE RADIO CONTINUUM SOURCE IN SERPENS
Authors: Rodríguez-Kamenetzky Adriana , Carrasco-González Carlos , Araudo Anabella , Torrelles José M. , Anglada Guillem , Martí Josep , Rodríguez Luis F. , Valotto Carlos 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
While most protostellar jets present free–free emission at radio wavelengths, synchrotron emission has also been proposed to be present in a handful of these objects. The presence of nonthermal emission has been inferred by negative spectral indices at centimeter wavelengths. In one case (the HH 80-81 jet arising from a massive protostar), its synchrotron nature was confirmed by the detection of linearly polarized radio emission. One of the main consequences of these results is that synchrotron emission implies the presence of relativistic particles among the nonrelativistic material of these jets. Therefore, an acceleration mechanism should be taking place. The most probable scenario is that particles are accelerated when the jets strongly impact against the dense envelope surrounding the protostar. Here we present an analysis of radio observations obtained with the Very Large Array of the triple radio source in the Serpens star-forming region. This object is known to be a radio jet arising from an intermediate-mass protostar. It is also one of the first protostellar jets where the presence of nonthermal emission was proposed. We analyze the dynamics of the jet and the nature of the emission and discuss these issues in the context of the physical parameters of the jet and the particle acceleration phenomenon.
THE INFLUENCE OF DENSE GAS RINGS ON THE DYNAMICS OF A STELLAR DISK IN THE GALACTIC CENTER
Authors: Trani Alessandro A. , Mapelli Michela , Bressan Alessandro , Pelupessy Federico I. , Elteren Arjen van , Zwart Simon Portegies 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The Galactic center hosts several hundred early-type stars, about 20% of which lie in the so-called clockwise disk, while the remaining 80% do not belong to any disks. The circumnuclear ring (CNR), a ring of molecular gas that orbits the supermassive black hole (SMBH) with a radius of

, has been claimed to induce precession and Kozai–Lidov oscillations onto the orbits of stars in the innermost parsec. We investigate the perturbations exerted by a gas ring on a nearly Keplerian stellar disk orbiting an SMBH by means of combined direct N-body and smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. We simulate the formation of gas rings through the infall and disruption of a molecular gas cloud, adopting different inclinations between the infalling gas cloud and the stellar disk. We find that a CNR-like ring is not efficient in affecting the stellar disk on a timescale of

. In contrast, a gas ring in the innermost

induces precession of the longitude of the ascending node Ω, which significantly affects the stellar disk inclination. Furthermore, the combined effect of two-body relaxation and Ω-precession drives the stellar disk dismembering, displacing the stars from the disk. The impact of precession on the star orbits is stronger when the stellar disk and the inner gas ring are nearly coplanar. We speculate that the warm gas in the inner cavity might have played a major role in the evolution of the clockwise disk.
THE X-RAY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OF LOW MASS X-RAY BINARIES IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES, THEIR METAL-RICH, AND METAL-POOR GLOBULAR CLUSTERS
Authors: Peacock Mark B. , Zepf Stephen E. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the globular clusters (GCs) and fields of seven early-type galaxies. These galaxies are selected to have both deep Chandra observations, which allow their LMXB populations to be observed to X-ray luminosities of 1037–1038 erg s−1, and Hubble Space Telescope optical mosaics that enable the X-ray sources to be separated into field LMXBs, GC LMXBs, and contaminating background and foreground sources. We find that at all luminosities the number of field LMXBs per stellar mass is similar in these galaxies. This suggests that the field LMXB populations in these galaxies are not effected by the GC specific frequency, and that properties such as binary fraction and the stellar initial mass function are either similar across the sample or change in a way that does not affect the number of LMXBs. We compare the XLF of the field LMXBs to that of the GC LMXBs and find that they are significantly different with a p-value of 3 × 10−6 (equivalent to 4.7σ for a normal distribution). The difference is such that the XLF of the GC LMXBs is flatter than that of the field LMXBs, with the GCs hosting relatively more bright sources and fewer faint sources. A comparison of the XLF of the metal-rich and metal-poor GCs hints that the metal-poor clusters may have more bright LMXBs, but the difference is not statistically significant.
TWO NEW LONG-PERIOD GIANT PLANETS FROM THE MCDONALD OBSERVATORY PLANET SEARCH AND TWO STARS WITH LONG-PERIOD RADIAL VELOCITY SIGNALS RELATED TO STELLAR ACTIVITY CYCLES
Authors: Endl Michael , Brugamyer Erik J. , Cochran William D. , MacQueen Phillip J. , Robertson Paul , Meschiari Stefano , Ramirez Ivan , Shetrone Matthew , Gullikson Kevin , Johnson Marshall C. , Wittenmyer Robert , Horner Jonathan , Ciardi David R. , Horch Elliott , Simon Attila E. , Howell Steve B. , Everett Mark , Caldwell Caroline , Castanheira Barbara G. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of two new long-period giant planets orbiting the stars HD 95872 and HD 162004 (

Dra B) by the McDonald Observatory planet search. The planet HD 95872b has a minimum mass of 4.6

and an orbital semimajor axis of 5.2 AU. The giant planet

Dra Bb has a minimum mass of 1.5

and an orbital semimajor axis of 4.4 AU. Both of these planets qualify as Jupiter analogs. These results are based on over one and a half decades of precise radial velocity (RV) measurements collected by our program using the McDonald Observatory Tull Coude spectrograph at the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope. In the case of

Dra B we also detect a long-term nonlinear trend in our data that indicates the presence of an additional giant planet, similar to the Jupiter–Saturn pair. The primary of the binary star system,

Dra A, exhibits a very large amplitude RV variation due to another stellar companion. We detect this additional member using speckle imaging. We also report two cases—HD 10086 and HD 102870 (β Virginis)—of significant RV variation consistent with the presence of a planet, but that are probably caused by stellar activity, rather than reflexive Keplerian motion. These two cases stress the importance of monitoring the magnetic activity level of a target star, as long-term activity cycles can mimic the presence of a Jupiter-analog planet.
Artesunate Demonstrates in vitro Synergism with Several Antiviral Agents against Human Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Drouot Emilien , Piret Jocelyne , Boivin Guy 
Published: February 2016

Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections remain a major problem in immunocompromised patients. Three antiviral agents, ganciclovir (GCV), foscarnet (FOS) and cidofovir (CDV), are currently approved for the treatment of HCMV infections. They all target the viral DNA polymerase and are associated with significant side effects. Combinations of novel antiviral compounds acting on different targets such as artesunate (ART) with currently approved drugs or eventually letermovir or maribavir (MBV) may result in synergistic effects. Here, we evaluated the in vitro activity of a series of two-drug combinations against a wild-type recombinant HCMV strain by the Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) reporter assay. Methods The in vitro activity of each drug was first tested individually against HCMV by using the GLuc reporter assay. The activity of two-drug combinations consisting of ART and currently approved drugs, as well as letermovir or MBV, was then analysed by the Chou-Talalay method. Results The concentrations of GCV, FOS, CDV and ART that reduced the GLuc activity by 50% (EC50 values) were 3.92 ±1.64 μM, 62.45 ±8.39 μM, 0.68 ±0.19 μM and 3.86 ±1.25 μM, respectively, whereas those of MBV and letermovir were 64 ±22 nM and 2.50 ±0.83 nM, respectively. The combination of ART with GCV, CDV or MBV was associated with synergism, whereas combination of ART with FOS or letermovir resulted in moderate synergism. As expected, the combination of MBV with GCV was antagonistic. Conclusions These results suggest that the combination of ART with the antiviral agents tested in this study could be an interesting strategy for the treatment of HCMV infections to reduce toxicity and drug-resistance development.
Cutting Edge: Expression of IRF8 in Gastric Epithelial Cells Confers Protective Innate Immunity against Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Yan Ming , Wang Hongsheng , Sun Jiafang , Liao Wei , Li Peng , Zhu Yin , Xu Chengfu , Joo Jungsoo , Sun Yan , Abbasi Sadia , Kovalchuk Alexander , Lv Nonghua , Leonard Warren J. , Morse Herbert C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is expressed in many types of blood cells and plays critical roles in cellular differentiation and function. However, the role of IRF8 in nonhematopoietic systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we provide evidence that IRF8 is a transcriptional modulator of the gastric mucosa necessary for limiting Helicobacter pylori colonization. H. pylori infection significantly upregulated expression of IRF8, which, in turn, promoted IFN-γ expression by gastric epithelial cells. Mice deficient in IRF8 exhibited increased H. pylori colonization and aborted induction of mucosal IFN-γ. Genome-wide analyses of IFN-γ–treated gastric epithelial cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing led to the identification of IRF8 target genes, with many belonging to the IFN-regulated gene family that was observed previously in immune cells. Our results identify the IRF8–IFN-γ circuit as a novel gastric innate immune mechanism in the host defense against infection with H. pylori.
Inducible Major Vault Protein Plays a Pivotal Role in Double-Stranded RNA– or Virus-Induced Proinflammatory Response
Authors: Peng Nanfang , Liu Shi , Xia Zhangchuan , Ren Sheng , Feng Jian , Jing Mingzhen , Gao Xin , Wiemer Erik A. C. , Zhu Ying 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Pathogen invasion triggers robust antiviral cytokine production via different transcription factor signaling pathways. We have previously demonstrated that major vault protein (MVP) induces type I IFN production during viral infection; however, little is known about the role of MVP in proinflammatory responses. In this study, we found in vitro that expression of MVP, IL-6, and IL-8 was inducible upon dsRNA stimulation or viral infection. Moreover, MVP was essential for the induction of IL-6 and IL-8, as impaired expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in MVP-deficient human PBMCs, human lung epithelial cells (A549), and THP-1 monocytes, as well as in murine splenocytes, peritoneal macrophages, and PBMCs from MVP-knockout (MVP−/−) mice, was observed. Upon investigation of the underlying mechanisms, we demonstrated that MVP acted in synergy with AP-1 (c-Fos) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β–liver-enriched transcriptional activating protein to activate the IL6 and IL8 promoters. Introduction of mutations into the AP-1 and C/EBPβ binding sites on the IL6 and IL8 promoters resulted in the loss of synergistic activation with MVP. Furthermore, we found that MVP interacted with both c-Fos and C/EBPβ. The interactions promoted nuclear translocation and recruitment of these transcription factors to IL6 and IL8 promoter regions. In the MVP−/− mouse model, significantly decreased expression of early antiviral cytokines resulted in higher viral titer in the lung, higher mortality, and heavier lung damage after infection with lethal influenza A virus. Taken together, our findings help to delineate a novel role of MVP in host proinflammatory response.