bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Mechanical Circulatory Support utilization, Left Ventricular Assist Device implantation and Transplant during Cardiogenic Shock Hospitalizations, after the New Heart Allocation Policy
Authors: Steitieh Diala , Beale Robert , Katznelson Ethan , Feldman Elizabeth , Minutello Dilan , Lu Daniel , Goyal Parag , Cheung Jim , Kim Luke K , Krishnan Udhay 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundIn October 2018, a new heart allocation policy was implemented to risk stratify patients listed for transplant, prioritizing patients supported with temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The policy changes may have had an impact on the management of cardiogenic shock (CS). We sought to determine the changes in use of temporary MCS, durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and transplant in patients hospitalized before and after the new policy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2017– 2020. Hospitalizations for cardiogenic shock were identified, and stratified based on whether patients were admitted before or after the policy change. Baseline characteristics were compared between cohorts, and the primary outcome of interest was the use of MCS, transplant and LVAD before and after the policy change. Subgroup analyses included patients hospitalized at transplant and non-transplant centers, LVAD recipients as well as those who underwent transplant.ResultsA total of 643,655 hospitalizations were included, of which 260,340 (40.4%) were before the policy change, and 383,315 (59.6%) were after. In all patients with CS, there was a decrease in the use of LVAD (adjusted OR 0.73, p<0.01) and an increase in cardiac transplant (adjusted OR 1.45, p<0.01). While IABP use declined for the general CS population (adjusted OR 0.81, p<0.01), it increased significantly in cardiac transplant recipients (adjusted OR 2.55; p<0.01). Impella and VA-ECMO also increased in transplant recipients. No uptrend was seen in any other subgroup including LVAD recipients or CS patients managed in transplant centers.ConclusionOur study showed that the allocation policy change had a direct impact on MCS use in the first two years after implementation, but this effect was isolated to patients who underwent transplantation. It will be important to study how policy changes influence the management of other shock populations over time.
CABO-16S – A Combined Archaea, Bacteria, Organelle 16S database for amplicon analysis of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in environmental samples
Authors: Eitel Eryn M. , Utter Daniel , Connon Stephanie , Orphan Victoria J. , Murali Ranjani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIdentification of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms in environmental samples is currently challenged by either the burden of additional sequencing required to obtain both 16S and 18S rRNA sequences or the introduction of multiple biases induced by the use of “universal” primers. Organellar 16S rRNA sequences are automatically amplified and sequenced along with prokaryote 16S rRNA, and may provide an alternative method to identify eukaryotic microorganisms. CABO-16S combines bacterial and archaeal sequences from the SILVA database with 16S rRNA sequences of plastids and other organelles from the PR2 database to enable identification of all 16S rRNA sequences. Comparison of CABO-16S with SILVA 138.2 results in equivalent taxonomic classification of mock communities and increased classification of diverse environmental samples. In particular, identification of phototrophic eukaryotes in shallow seagrass environments, marine waters, and lake waters was increased. CABO-16S also provides the framework to add curated datasets of specialized sequences for further classification of clades which are not currently included in other databases. Addition of sequences obtained from Sanger sequencing of methane seep sediments and curated sequences of the polyphyletic SEEP-SRB1 clade resulted in differentiation of syntrophic and non-syntrophic SEEP-SRB1 in hydrothermal vent sediments. Such additions may simplify analysis of communities contributing to the anaerobic oxidation of methane, and highlight the potential benefit of amending existing training sets with curated sequences when studying extreme or unique environments underrepresented in existing databases.
PACT prevents aberrant activation of PKR by endogenous dsRNA without sequestration
Authors: Ahmad Sadeem , Zou Tao , Zhao Linlin , Wang Xi , Hwang Jihee , Davydenko Anton , Buchumenski Ilana , Zhuang Patrick , Fishbein Alyssa R. , Capcha-Rodriguez Diego , Orgel Aaron , Levanon Erez Y. , Myong Sua , Chou James , Meyerson Matthew , Hur Sun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe innate immune sensor PKR for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is critical for antiviral defense, but its aberrant activation by cellular dsRNA is linked to various diseases. The dsRNA-binding protein PACT plays a critical yet controversial role in the PKR pathway. We demonstrate that PACT is a direct and specific suppressor of PKR against endogenous dsRNA ligands like inverted-repeat Alu RNAs, which robustly activate PKR in the absence of PACT. PACT-mediated inhibition does not involve competition for dsRNA binding. Instead, PACT impairs PKR’s ability to scan along dsRNA––a process necessary for PKR molecules to encounter and autophoshorylate each other for activation. By scanning along dsRNA and directly interacting with PKR, PACT restricts PKR’s movement on dsRNA, reducing the likelihood of PKR molecular collisions and subsequent autophosphorylation, effectively inhibiting PKR without sequestering dsRNA. Consequently, PKR inhibition is more robust with longer and less abundant dsRNA, and minimal with abundant or short dsRNA. Thus, PACT functions to adjust the PKR activation threshold for long endogenous dsRNA without altering its inherent activity, revealing new mechanisms for establishing self-tolerance.
UV1 cancer vaccine in pembrolizumab-treated patients with recurrent or metastatic PD-L1 positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: results from the randomized phase 2 FOCUS trial
Authors: Brandt Anna , Klinghammer Konrad , Schultheiss Christoph , Paschold Lisa , Wickenhauser Claudia , Bauer Marcus , Bergqvist Anna , Hahn Dennis , Schafhausen Philippe , Tometten Mareike , Blaurock Markus , Zech Henrike Barbara , Busch Chia-Jung , Dietz Andreas , Müller-Richter Urs , Alt Jürgen , Boehm Andreas , Kowoll Simone , Steighardt Jörg , Lasch Alexander , Hagen Westgaard Ingunn , Westhrin Marita , Stein Alexander , Hinke Axel , Binder Mascha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHuman telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is highly expressed (75-100%) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The FOCUS study examines the role of the hTERT-directed vaccine UV1 in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC.MethodsThe FOCUS trial, a two-armed, open-label, non-comparative, randomized, multicenter phase 2 study, was designed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of UV1 as an add-on to pembrolizumab in the first-line treatment of patients with R/M PD-L1 positive HNSCC. A progression-free survival rate at 6 months (PFSR@6) of 40% was deemed promising for further development in a phase 3 setting. The trial was conducted in 10 centers in Germany.ResultsFrom August 2021 to July 2023, 25 patients were enrolled in the calibration arm A and 50 patients in the UV1 arm B. Median age was 65 years and 18% of patients had an ECOG performance score of 2. The PFSR@6 was 30% in the UV1 arm. No specific safety signals were observed in the UV1 arm apart from a reversible allergic reaction that appeared in one patient. At a median follow-up of almost one year (11.3 months), median overall survival was 13.1 months in the calibration arm A and 12.6 months in the UV1 arm B. Clinical trial identification numberNCT05075122.ConclusionsThe addition of UV1 to pembrolizumab was safe but did not show an efficacy signal in this study population.
Higher gauge theory and integrability
Authors: Chen Hank , Liniado Joaquin 
Published: October 2024

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of integrable systems from a gauge theoretic perspective. This development originated with the introduction of four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory with defects, which provided a systematic framework for constructing two-dimensional integrable systems. In this article, we propose a novel approach to studying higher-dimensional integrable models employing techniques from higher category theory. Starting with higher Chern-Simons theory on the 4-manifold R×Y, we complexify and compactify the real line to CP1 and introduce the disorder defect ω=z−1dz. This procedure defines a holomorphic five-dimensional variant of higher Chern-Simons theory, which, when endowed with suitable boundary conditions, allows for the localization to a three-dimensional theory on Y. The equations of motion of the resulting model are equivalent to the flatness of a 2-connection (L,H), that we then use to construct the corresponding higher holonomies. We prove that these are invariants of homotopies relative boundary, which enables the construction of conserved quantities. The latter are labeled by both the categorical characters of a Lie crossed module and the infinite number of homotopy classes of surfaces relative boundary in Y. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the three-dimensional theory has left and right acting symmetries whose current algebra is given by an infinite-dimensional centrally extended affine Lie 2-algebra. Both of these conditions are direct higher homotopy analogs of the properties satisfied by the two-dimensional Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal field theory, which we therefore interpret as facets of integrable structures.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Impact of entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, and competencies on MSME performance: an evidence from a developing country
Authors: Soomro Raheem Bux , Memon Sanam Gul , Soomro Marvi 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This paper is an empirical investigation of the effect of knowledge, skills and entrepreneur competencies on the performance of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) operating in Upper Sindh, Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected from owners/managers of MSMEs operating in major cities of Upper Sindh. A total of 1,100 respondents were identified through snowball and social contacts tools. A total of 316 respondents permitted researchers to visit their firms and collecting data from them by a survey questionnaire.

Findings
The findings shows that entrepreneurial skills and networking have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial competency. Then, entrepreneurial skills, networking and entrepreneurial competency have a positive effect on enterprise performance. The findings show a significant mediation effect of entrepreneurial competency on the relationships between entrepreneurial skills and networking and enterprise performance.

Originality/value
This paper provides useful conclusion in understanding the entrepreneur’s characteristics and their impact on performance MSMEs, which is crucial for promoting entrepreneurial activities and for enhancing socio-economic conditions among low-income households located in Upper Sindh, Pakistan. The government must make preparation in organizing trade fairs, seminars and road shows on certain services/ products to which MSMEs’ entrepreneurs, consumers and suppliers might be invited to ease their connections.
Natural or organic? How framing impacts choices of sustainable food and wine products
Authors: Minetti Francesco , Quercia Simone 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe paper investigates the choice preferences of Gen Z individuals between products labelled as “organic” versus products labelled as “natural”. While the former category guarantees production standards set by EU legislation, no codified standard exists for natural products. Understanding whether consumers value the difference is important for policy and marketing reasons.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a between-subject laboratory experiment. Participants are undergraduate students from a medium-sized university, randomized into two conditions. In both conditions, individuals choose between a conventional product and a sustainable one. In the first condition, we frame the organic product as “organic”. In the second condition, we frame the same organic product as “natural”. We always refer to the conventional product as “conventional”. This methodology is applied to a choice regarding wine and a choice regarding food. Choices are incentive-compatible, as one participant is randomly selected in each session to receive the chosen product.FindingsWe find no significant difference between the frequency of choices of the product framed as organic and the one framed as natural, neither for wine nor for food.Originality/valueThe paper tests in a controlled and incentivized laboratory experiment the choice differences regarding products framed as organic versus products framed as natural. The results provide policymakers and marketers with a better understanding of the effects of sustainability labelling on consumer behaviour. The policy implications of our results, which we discuss in the paper, are relevant and multifaceted.
Bump up daily positive affect and perseverance-promoting vigor at work day by day! The moderating effects of relational conflict
Authors: Park In-Jo , Hai Shenyang 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe present research aims to investigate perseverance and daily affect as antecedents of daily vigor at work. Furthermore, this research examines whether relational conflict acts as a cross-level moderator that influences the association between employees’ daily affect and daily vigor at work.Design/methodology/approachUsing the experience sampling method (ESM), this research collected data twice a day over 10 workdays with a sample of 103 restaurant employees in China.FindingsThe results of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses show that perseverance and daily positive affect were positively related to daily vigor at work. The association between daily negative affect and daily vigor at work was nonsignificant. Moreover, relational conflict attenuated the relationship between daily positive affect and daily vigor at work and strengthened the association between daily negative affect and daily vigor at work.Originality/valueThis research adds to the literature on the antecedents of vigor by revealing how perseverance and daily affect impact daily vigor at work. By investigating relational conflict as a moderator, this research highlights the important role of interpersonal relationships in shaping the relationship between daily affect and daily vigor at work. The use of the ESM helps to enhance the ecological validity of our results.
Low-velocity crashworthiness and optimization of a crash box filled with modularized graded honeycomb
Authors: Geng Furong , Zhao Yonghong , Chen Dong , Wang Tao , Li Zhen 
Published: October 2024

PurposeGraded honeycombs are materials that exhibit better energy absorption performance compared to uniform honeycombs without adding additional weight. This paper introduces a novel modularized graded honeycomb into a commercial crash box to improve its crashworthiness.Design/methodology/approachA modularized graded honeycomb is inserted into a commercial crash box to develop a novel crash box. Finite element analyses are conducted to investigate the crashworthiness. Pareto cumulative influence analysis is conducted to rank the effects of design parameters on crashworthiness. A surrogate model-based multi-objective optimization is carried out to improve energy absorption while limiting the impact peak force. An optimal Pareto solution set is obtained.FindingsModularized honeycomb-filled crash box outperforms that of its corresponding uniform honeycomb-filled crash box and empty crash box in resisting impact. Pareto cumulative influence analysis reveals that for most crashworthiness indicators, cell-wall thicknesses of crash box tube contribute the most, followed by average relative density and graded coefficient of modularized honeycomb (MH). Graded coefficient contributes nearly 10% on mean force and maximum displacement, but it has insignificant influence on peak force and weight. Optimization results show that the optimal designs can not only absorb more energy but also limit the peak force compared with those of uniform honeycomb-filled crash box.Originality/valueThis paper fills a MH into a commercial crash box to propose a novel crash box and demonstrates the positive impact of modularized design on crashworthiness compared with that of uniform honeycomb-filled crash box. Moreover, modularizing honeycomb does not change the weight of the filler, and thus, the novel crash box would benefit development of crash box with lightweight and excellent energy absorption capacity.
Accounting for change: the impact and implications of using the intervention-based research method GenderLAB at a big four accounting firm
Authors: Muhr Sara Louise , Storm Kai Inga Liehr 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis article shows how qualitative interventions can engender both an immediate impact and the possibility of sustained change at the research site. We investigate this by assessing the impact generated from a research project that utilized the GenderLAB method. In doing so, we expand the notion of impact to include the changes that intervention-based research can initiate at a research site.Design/methodology/approachWe illustrate the impact of qualitative intervention-based research by exploring GenderLAB, which is a diversity and inclusion (D&I) intervention method that combines norm-critical approaches with design thinking to change norms and attitudes and to produce hands-on local solutions.FindingsThe GenderLAB intervention had immediate, medium-term and long-term impact in different participating organizations. As the intervention was aimed at participants’ attitudes and norms, the local impact it created resists numerical measurements. Nevertheless, we note how the organization’s leaders recreated exercises with their own staff and utilized ideas generated during the intervention to, for example, foster more inclusive working conditions for working parents, accommodate a broader spectrum of religious groups and cater to a larger variety of dietary needs. While we are currently in the process of publishing our theoretical findings from the research project to create research impact, the intervention itself has already had – and continues to have – practical impact on the D&I practices of the organizations in which we applied this methodology.Originality/valueThe intervention-based research method that we report on distinguishes itself from traditional qualitative methods, as it is designed to impact the research site as much as possible while gathering data. In contrast to quantitative approaches to interventions, it does not aim to generate quantifiable impact. Instead, we show how this research method pushes our definition of impact from a researcher-centered perspective to a perspective that emphasizes sustained change at the research site. Thus, we contribute to the growing literature on participatory methods, particularly the streams arguing for non-extractive methods that not only aim to take data but also to give knowledge to research sites.
Leveraging para-sport events for accessible tourism development in non-host cities: Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games
Authors: Takata Kosuke , Yamakita Ryutaro , Aoyama Masaki 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to explore Tokyo 2020’s non-host cities leveraging the Paralympic Games for accessible tourism development. Following their successful bid, the Japanese government launched a national initiative to promote an inclusive society, extending beyond Tokyo to include other regions and achieving the social model of disability. In particular, this study examined why and how non-host cities leveraged para-sport events for accessible tourism development.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted multiple case studies focusing on three non-host cities that engaged in the national initiative from Tokyo 2020. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with city employees from the authorities in October 2019 and the municipal council meeting minutes mentioning the initiative.FindingsThematic analysis identified contexts, strategic objectives, resources and means comprising the leveraging processes, differing from the previously suggested leveraging process. Notably, non-host cities embarked on leveraging when they realized alignment between their existing policies and the national initiative. Contrary to assumptions, our findings suggest that sport event leveraging does not always require pre-existing resources. This study also revealed the transfer of various resources (e.g. human, financial, social, image of the event) during the process. Additionally, non-host cities prioritize physical accessibility and a barrier-free mindset for accessible tourism development, diverging from typical sport event impacts on local tourism.Originality/valueThis research provides insights and lessons from Tokyo 2020, guiding future para-sport events. Focusing on the pre-event phase, our data not only enhances research quality by minimizing interviewee recall bias but also contributes to a deeper understanding of ongoing leveraging efforts.
Pedagogical content knowledge in physical education preservice teachers in view of researching on lesson studies
Authors: Marques Santinha Fernanda , Onofre Marcos , Martins Maria 
Published: October 2024

PurposeResearching on lesson studies in initial training of physical education (PE) teachers in Portugal, our group is especially interested in the potential of this methodology for developing the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of future PE teachers. The purpose of the present text is to synthesize the knowledge relating to this subject.Design/methodology/approachExploratory searches in four multiple search databases were carried out, resulting in 51 records. Information about authors, year of publication, purposes, methodology and results was collected and analyzed.FindingsResults highlight the diversity of purposes. The interview is recurrent in the qualitative studies, while the questionnaire is used in all the large quantitative studies. Regarding the findings, it appears the centrality of PCK, its development potential and its measurability, the consistency of the concept and its evolutionary dynamics, as well as the constructive criticism of initial teacher training models and practices.Originality/valueTo emphasize the relationship between lesson studies and the development of PCK in initial teacher training of PE teachers.