bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis and Adhesion Testing of Hot-Applied Rubberized Asphalt Membrane Products
Authors: Field E. D. , Gibbons D. G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Hot liquid-applied rubberized-asphalt membranes (referred to in this paper as HRA membranes) have over a 40-year track record of use in roofing and waterproofing applications. In the authors' experience, this use has been generally consistent with respect to surface preparation and membrane application procedures. However, the physical and material properties of HRA membranes are not well known and not consistently reported by all manufacturers, leaving designers with limited basis for comparing products. Further, the industry has not reached a consensus on defining adequate adhesion of HRA membranes in the field, or standard field testing procedures for quantifying membrane adhesion. The testing procedures and minimum performance requirements historically used for evaluating HRA membranes are found in a Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB) standard withdrawn in January 2005. However, this archaic standard is still considered the only material standard for HRA membranes in the industry. ASTM International committees are currently developing new standards for the testing and application of HRA membranes based on CGSB Standards recognized in the industry, but consensus has not yet been reached. The laboratory testing program summarized in this paper was performed in two phases, and with five commonly used HRA membrane products. The authors designed the Phase 1 program to compare physical properties of HRA membranes to better understand membrane durability and expected performance across the different products. Phase 1 testing also included material analysis of each HRA membrane, focusing on percentages and types of fillers used with the rubberized-asphalt products. Phase 2 was primarily an adhesion testing program developed to evaluate the bond of HRA membranes to concrete with various surface profiles and preparations, but also included low-temperature flexibility membrane testing and tensile strength testing of reinforcing fabrics used in fabric-reinforced HRA membrane assemblies.
The Beginnings of Islam in Afghanistan
Authors: Azad Arezou 
Published: September 2017

Covering the period from 709 to 871, this chapter traces the initial conversion of Afghanistan from Zoroastrianism and Buddhism to Islam. Highlighting the differential developments in four regions of Afghanistan, it discusses the very earliest history of Afghan Islam both as a religion and as a political system in the form of a caliphate. The chapter draws on under-utilized sources, such as fourth to eighth century Bactrian documents from Tukharistan and medieval Arabic and Persian histories of Balkh, Herat and Sistan. In so doing, it offers a paradigm shift in the way early Islam is understood by arguing that it did not arrive in Afghanistan as a finished product, but instead grew out of Afghanistan’s multi-religious context. Through fusions with Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, early Abrahamic traditions, and local cult practices, the Islam that resulted was less an Arab Islam that was imported wholesale than a patchwork of various cultural practices.
Evaluación mecanística matemática del desempeño de electrodo polimérico conductor, modificado por fragmentos de safranina, en la detección de compuestos hidroquinónicos. Posible ejemplo de galato de propilo
Authors: Tkach Volodymyr , Ivanushko Yana G. , De Oliveira Sílvio C. , Ojani Reza , Yagodynets´ Petró I. 
Published: September 2017

Se evaluó teóricamente el desempeño electroanalítico de un electrodo polimérico conductor, modificado por fragmentos de safranina, en la cuantificación electroquímica de compuestos hidroquinónicos (con el ejemplo de galato de propilo). El modelo matemático correspondiente se evaluó mediante la teoría de estabilidad lineal y de análisis de bifurcaciones. El desempeño de safranina como modificadorade electrodo se comparó con el de las otras sustancias modificadoras. La presencia de inestabilidades electroquímicas también se averiguó.
Estudio comparativo de la calidad biofarmacéutica de marcas comerciales y multifuente de tabletas de ibuprofeno en el mercado colombiano
Authors: Matiz-Melo Germán Eduardo , Rodríguez-Cavallo Erika , Osorio María del Rosario 
Published: September 2017

Los medicamentos de mayor consumo en el mundo son los analgésicos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs), debido a su capacidad para aliviar el dolor, condición común a muchas patologías. Uno de los AINEs de gran utilización en Colombia es elibuprofeno. Con el fin de evaluar la conformidad de los productos y determinar su equivalencia biofarmacéutica, se adquirieron y evaluaron un total de 10 productos comerciales.Estos se compraron en establecimientos comerciales de cuatro de las principales ciudades del país: Cartagena, Barranquilla, Bogotá y Cali. Para ello, se evaluaron las características físicas, químicas y biofarmacéuticas de las tabletas, tales como variaciónde peso, dureza, desintegración, prueba de disolución, perfil de disolución, eficiencia de la disolución y valoración de principio activo a partir de metodologías validadas. Los ensayos farmacopeicos se evaluaron según lo establecido en la USP 39. Los resultadospermitieron establecer que todos los productos evaluados cumplieron con las especificaciones de la Farmacopea, con respecto a contenido de ingrediente activo y prueba de disolución. En cuanto al comportamiento biofarmacéutico, pese a que todaslas marcas cumplen con las especificaciones farmacopeicas, solo tres de las 10 marcas evaluadas son biofarmacéuticamente equivalentes con el innovador. Los resultados de este trabajo permiten proponer a la comunidad científica la determinación de la equivalencia biofarmacéutica como elemento de apoyo en la toma de decisiones de compra en el servicio farmacéutico.
INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN Y VENTAJAS COMPETITIVAS EN LAS PYME EN EL SECTOR EXPORTADOR DE SINALOA, MÉXICO
Authors: Segura Juan Carlos , Manzanilla López Lorenzo , Ovalles Luiz Vicente 
Published: September 2017

La internacionalización de las empresas PyMES, es un tema ampliamente estudiado en una gran parte de países que buscan ser más competitivos y desde luego que pretenden obtener un mayor crecimiento económico. Cada día son más las naciones que interactúan con bienes y servicios en un mercado altamente exigente como parte del fenómeno llamado globalización que las obliga a entrar a esa dinámica de mercado, sin embargo, esa forma tan acelerada de entrar en esta dinámica en ocasiones les resulta exitosa y en otras las lleva a cometer errores que las conducen al fracaso. El presente trabajo se propone a partir del estudio de la internacionalización y su relación con las ventajas competitivas tomando como referencia el proceso evolutivo del conocimiento a través de estudios de frontera sobre este tema, identificando así las estrategias que pudieran servir a las PyMES que desean incursionar en este tipo actividades. ABSTRACTThe internationalization of SMEs is a topic widely studied in a lot of countries looking to become more competitive and certainly seek to obtain greater economic growth. More and more nations that interact with goods and services in a highly demanding market as part of the phenomenon called globalization that forces them to enter that market dynamics, however, that such an accelerated way to enter this dynamic sometimes find it successful and the other leads to mistakes that lead to failure. This paper is proposed from the study of internationalization and its relationship with competitive advantages by reference to the evolutionary process of knowledge through border studies on this matter, identifying strategies that could lead to SMEs who would like to venture in such process of internationalization.
PERFILES OCUPACIONALES ACTUALES Y CON VISIÓN PROSPECTIVA PARA LOS CLUSTER DEL ATLÁNTICO
Authors: Senior Roca Diana , Pacheco Castro Gustavo 
Published: September 2017

El presente artículo es producto de una investigación, cuyo objetivo consistió en caracterizar la demanda actual y futura del talento humano en los cluster del Atlántico. Se aplicó el método exploratorio con la técnica de investigación mediante el instrumento de encuesta, a una muestra no probabilística por cuota a un total de 236 empresas. En este tipo de investigación que es cualitativo, se encontró como resultado que las empresas presentan grandes dificultades para hallar un capital humano idóneo, lo cual es un reto para las instituciones de formación a fin de fortalecer las competencias específicas y transversales antes que se gradúen los jóvenes, así como la creación de alianzas para establecer programas de capacitación dual que permitan formar a los estudiantes directamente en la empresa. De otra parte se concluyó que las empresas valoran mucho las competencias relacionadas con el trabajo en equipo, planificación del tiempo e identificación y resolución de problemas. Adicionalmente presentan dificultades en bilingüismo, manejo de las TICs, y en analizar y tomar decisiones asertivas bajo presión. Además, las empresas de los cluster estudiados no identifican el área de recursos humanos como estratégica que puede potenciar su crecimiento y competitividad. ABSTRACTThe present article is a result of a research which main objective consisted in characterizing the current and with forward-looking approach of the occupational profiles for the Atlantico clusters. The applied method was exploratory with the instrument of survey as the research technique with a non-probabilistic sample quota of 236 companies. In this type of qualitative research, it was found as a defining result that the companies have great difficulties to find suitable human capital, which is also a challenge for the educational institutions in order to strengthen the specific and soft skills before the youth graduate, as well as the creation of alliances to establish dual training programs that allow training and educating students directly in the company. Another conclusion was that companies value very much the skills related to teamwork, time planning and effective problem solving, additionally they encountered lack of skills in bilingualism, IT, and analyzing and taking assertive decisions under pressure. In addition, the companies of the studied clusters did not identify the human resource departments as a strategic area that could promote growth and competitiveness.
Prevalence, risk factors and causative organisms of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
Authors: Patnaik Manasi , Panigrahi Kumudini , Das Banya , Pathi Basanti , Poddar Nirmala , Lenka Priya Ranjan , Pattnaik Dipti 
Published: September 2017

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a relatively common condition occurring due to the morphological and physiological changes in the genitourinary tract during pregnancy. If left untreated, it may lead to acute pyelonephritis and adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. The objective was to determine prevalence, risk factors and etiological agents with susceptibility for ASB among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital, Odisha, India.Methods: A prospective study with 200 pregnant women was conducted, over a period of 4 months, starting from 1st April 2017 to 31st July 2017. The mid- stream clean catch urine specimen was collected and processed in all the cases and other data were collected from the questionnaire given to them. The isolates from all the cases of ASB were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted.Results: Prevalence of ASB in our study was 25.3%, with maximum prevalence among age group 21-30 yrs, during 3rd trimester, among multigravidae. Previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI), anaemia and diabetes have significant association with ASB. Klebsiella spp. was the predominant isolate in this study followed by Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin and Cefixime are safe and effective antibiotics against urinary pathogens in pregnancy.Conclusions: Undiagnosed and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with complications during pregnancy. Hence routine screening of antenatal women for ASB during all trimesters must be considered for preventing the adverse maternal and foetal outcomes particularly with known risk factors like increasing age, multiparity and previous history of UTI.
Evaluation of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase for liver abnormalities: a biochemical study
Authors: Pujara Nishant , Chaudhary Anand 
Published: September 2017

Background: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells. LDH catalyses the conversion of lactate to pyruvic acid and back. The aim of the present study was to determine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level as an indicator of liver, muscular or cancer abnormalities in patients of more than 40 years of age.Methods: Two hundred and twenty patients had been tested for LDH and liver function tests (LFTs). Creatine kinase (CK) levels were measurement only in patients who had high levels of LDH.Results: High levels of LDH had been observed in many patients suggestive as an indicator of liver abnormalities. For muscular damage, measurement of CK in patients with elevated levels of LDH. Whereas high LDH levels, as an indicator for cancer abnormalities, were found in six males and two female who had normal values of LFTs and CK.Conclusions: LDH can be regarded as a good biomarker for diagnosis of liver, muscular and cancer abnormalities. There is little variable between males and females in the elevated value of LDH. Patients who had high values of LDH and CK are proposed to have unidentified cancer abnormality.
Evaluation of the epidemiology of pneumothorax in Bhuj district: a population based survey
Authors: Chaudhary Anand , Pujara Nishant 
Published: September 2017

Background: Pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space that causes an uncoupling of the lung from the chest wall. It may be spontaneous or traumatic. The spontaneous pneumothorax is usually the result of rupture of superficial emphysematous bullae and may occur in apparently healthy persons or in association with chronic pulmonary disease. It is usually unilateral but may be bilateral. If air reaches the mediastinum and rupture into both the pleural cavity.Methods: 25 consecutive cases of pneumothorax admitted at the Gujarat Adani institute of medical science Bhuj from December 2011 to April 2012 were studied. Each patient was interrogated and examined in detail according to the attached proforma, with a view to identify the nature of pneumothorax.Results: The incidence of pneumothorax was maximum in the 4th decade of life. The youngest one was a boy ages 14 year, while the oldest case was 75 years. 36 cases were under the age of 50 years, while only 2 cases were more than 70 years of age.Conclusions: The prevalence of pneumothorax was greater in male as compared to female. Most of the cases treated with needle aspiration of air and the intercostal drainage through indwelling polyethylene catheter developed surgical emphysema on the affected side which disappeared within 2-3 days after aspiration if air with needle or after removal of polyethylene tube from intercostal space.
Serum C- reactive protein level and lipid profile in periodontitis and coronary artery disease in people of Bhuj region
Authors: Dave Dinesh , Desai Vishal 
Published: September 2017

Background: Many epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease but their result is heterogeneous. This review article is designed to update the association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular events. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess whether there is a link between periodontal and coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: This study includes 90 subjects, which were divided into 3 groups: 30 subjects -healthy individuals, 30 subjects- having Periodontitis, 30 subjects- suffering from coronary artery diseases.Results: The mean OHI-S scores for group 1, 2 and 3 were 0.95±0.60, 2.91±0.90, 1.54±0.74 respectively. CRP level group 2 and 3 were significantly higher than group 1 (p =0.002 and 0.00 respectively) whereas difference between group 2 and 3 was not significantly significant. Lipid profiles, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides higher in group 2 as compare to 1 and 3. High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels between groups were not significantly different.Conclusions: Based on results and other reports Periodontitis may be a risk factor for CAD and possibly there can be an association between periodontal diseases.
Epidemiological profile of snake bite at tertiary care hospital, East India
Authors: Srivastava Anubha , Gupta Animesh , Singh Sanjay K. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Snakebite is a common medical emergency and an occupational hazard for majority of Indian population especially farmers. Epidemiological data on snake bite from the East India is sparse.Methods: This hospital based prospective study was conducted from March 2013 to February 2014. 200 cases of snakebite poisoning were admitted to the hospital during the study period.Results: Majority of victims belonged to the age group of 15-45 (60%), resident of rural areas (92%) and were involved in agricultural activities (60%). The study population was predominately bitten outdoors (66%), in the lower extremity (86%), at night (82%). Respiratory muscle paralysis (66.7%), ptosis (66.7%), coagulopathy (60%), acute renal failure (55.6%), shock (55.6%) were the signs associated with poor prognosis.Conclusions: Snakebite is an important occupational hazard, though preventable in principle remains to be one of the common medical emergencies.
Spirometry and mannitol bronchial challenge test among firefighters in Bhuj district: a questionnaire based study
Authors: Buch Kashyap , Chauhan Vinayak 
Published: September 2017

Background: Asthma is a common chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. It causes recurring period of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and coughing.Methods: A questionnaire, spirometry, direct and indirect airway challenge tests, exhaled nitric oxide, and skin-prick tests were administered prospectively to 100 out of 120 firefighters employed in Bhuj district, Gujarat, India. Asthma was defined as the combination of respiratory symptoms with airway hyper responsiveness.Results: Twenty out of 100 firefighters (12%) had physician-diagnosed asthma, which could be confirmed in 8 firefighters. In contrast, asthma was diagnosed in 28% (28 of 100 firefighters). Wheezing was the most sensitive symptom for the diagnosis of asthma (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 90%).Conclusions: Asthma was considerably under diagnosed in firefighters. The combination of a structured symptom questionnaire with a bronchial challenge test allows identifying patients with asthma and should routinely be used in the assessment of active firefighters and may be of help when evaluating candidates for this profession.
Uveitis of spondyloarthritis in Indian subcontinent: a cross sectional study
Authors: Ninan Fini , Mathew John , Philip Swetha Sara , John Deepa , Danda Debashish , John Sheeja Susan 
Published: September 2017

Background: The seronegative spondyloarthritis (SpA) are known to have intimate association with ocular inflammatory disease. While anterior uveitis accounts for 50-92% of all cases of uveitis in the West, it ranges between 28 and 50% in the Asian countries. The aim of this study was to document the clinical profile of uveitis in patients with spondyloarthritis in the Indian subcontinent.Methods: In our hospital based cross sectional study, 166 patients fulfilling Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society’ (ASAS) criteria for spondyloarthritis (SpA) were evaluated for evidence and nature of uveitis, including by a slit lamp bio microscope. The characteristics of Uveitis were defined as per the SUN (Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature) Working Group criteria. 84.3% (140) of the patients were male.Results: Ankylosing spondylitis was the commonest type of spondyloarthritis accounting for 69.3% patients. Evidence of past or present uveitis was found in 16.3% patients. Of the patients with uveitis 96.3% had anterior uveitis. 88.9% of the patients had redness of the eye, and 85.2% reported pain in the eye during an episode of uveitis. Mean duration of musculoskeletal symptoms prior to the diagnosis of SpA was 4.36 years. Of the 24 patients who could recall the course of uveitis 70.8% (17) had recurrent episodes. As a complication of uveitis 18.5% had cataract, and 14.8% had posterior synechiae. 78.3% patients were HLA-B27 positive. 19.2% of HLA-B27 positive patients had uveitis, whereas only 5.6% out of the 36 HLA-B27 negative patients had uveitis.Conclusions: The proportion of patients with uveitis in our study (16.3%) was considerably less than in other studies. The characteristics and profile of uveitis in our cohort of SpA patients from the Indian subcontinent were similar to those previously reported in literature.
Relation of grades of obesity with left ventricular functions
Authors: Bhat Irfan A. , Hafeez Imran , Singh Hardeep , Lone Ajaz , Beig Jahangir R. , Samer Muezza 
Published: September 2017

Background: Obesity is a state of excess adipose tissue mass. It is a complex multifactorial condition which poses major risk for serious diet related chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke. Obesity is associated with atrial and ventricular re-modelling; obese individuals have both eccentric and concentric patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy. Obesity adversely impacts cardiac diastolic function. In a large community based investigation, BMI emerged as a key correlate of impaired diastolic filling indexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate left ventricular dimensions and functions in patients with obesity and to find correlation between left ventricular dimensions and functions with grades of obesity.Methods: The present study was a hospital based study conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Internal Medicine, SMHS Hospital of Government Medical College Srinagar and SKIMS Kashmir. A total of 100 subjects of either gender across a spectrum of body mass were taken up for this study.Results: The mean age was 44.7±11 years. Females (56%) were more than males (44%). The subjects were categorized into four groups which include normal BMI (18%) overweight (32%), obese I (31%) and obese II (19%). The mean BMI of our subjects was 26.8±0.3kg/m2. There was no significant change in left ventricular systolic functions. Diastolic abnormality was found in 24% of the subjects. Diastolic abnormalities were more prevalent in subjects with higher grades of obesity 47.4% in obese II and 12.5% in overweight.Conclusions: With increasing grades of obesity, both LV dimensions and volumes were increased and subclinical LV diastolic dysfunction was present in all grades of obesity. Diastolic abnormalities were more prevalent in subjects with higher grades of obesity. Our study provides justification for the idea of obesity as a therapeutic target in prevention of increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases.