bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of mating in oviduct biology
Authors: Parada‐Bustamante Alexis , Oróstica María L. , Reuquen Patricia , Zuñiga Lidia M. , Cardenas Hugo , Orihuela Pedro A. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe oviduct connects the ovary to the uterus, and is subject to changes that influence gamete transport, fertilization, and early embryo development. The ovarian steroids estradiol and progesterone are largely responsible for regulating oviduct function, although mating signals also affect the female reproductive tract, both indirectly, through sensory stimulation, and directly, through contact with seminal plasma or spermatozoa. The resulting alterations in gene and protein expression help establish a microenvironment that is appropriate for sperm storage and selection, embryo development, and gamete transport. Mating may also induce the switch from a non‐genomic to a genomic pathway of estradiol‐accelerated oviduct egg transport, reflecting a novel example of the functional plasticity in well‐differentiated cells. This review highlights the physiological relevance of various aspects of mating to oviduct biology and reproductive success. Expanding our knowledge of the mating‐associated molecular and cellular events in oviduct cells would undoubtedly facilitate new therapeutic strategies to treat infertility attributable to oviduct pathologies.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 875–883, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mathematical Modeling of the Internal Surface Area of Copolymer Particles Based on Elementary Gel Structures
Authors: Aguiar Leandro G. 
Published: June 2016

The present work describes a kinetic approach which is able to predict how the internal surface area of polymer particles evolve during suspension copolymerization in the presence of porogen. For such a purpose, the concept of elementary gel structures has been introduced by modeling their surface area through the numerical fractionation technique. Thus, variables such as diluents composition, divinyl monomer concentration, and dilution degree could be assessed in the simulations. The present mathematical model is validated by using different experimental data from literature and a fair agreement is reached. Furthermore, the developed model is also capable of predicting the most significant copolymerization variables, e.g., conversion rate, concentration of species, and average molecular weights.
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A scalable parallel factorization of finite element matrices with distributed Schur complements
Authors: Maurer Daniel , Wieners Christian 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe consider the parallel factorization of sparse finite element matrices on distributed memory machines. Our method is based on a nested dissection approach combined with a cyclic re‐distribution of the interface Schur complements. We present a detailed definition of the parallel method, and the well‐posedness and the complexity of the algorithm are analyzed. A lean and transparent functional interface to existing finite element software is defined, and the performance is demonstrated for several representative examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer diagnosis disclosure preferences of family caregivers of cancer patients in Egypt
Authors: Alsirafy Samy A. , Abdel‐Kareem Shady S. , Ibrahim Noha Y. , Abolkasem Mohamed A. , Farag Dina E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveFamily caregivers (FCs) of cancer patients are frequently seen as a barrier to honest communication with patients in Egypt. This study was conducted to investigate the attitude of FCs of cancer patients toward cancer diagnosis disclosure (CDD) and its determinants.MethodsA structured interview was used to assess the preferences of 288 FCs regarding CDD.ResultsAccording to the FCs, 85% of patients were aware of their diagnosis. The majority (81%) of FCs preferred CDD to patients. In case they developed cancer, 92% of FCs wanted to know their diagnosis and 88% wanted to inform their families. In a univariate analysis, factors associated with FCs' negative attitude toward CDD to patients were as follows: patient's lower level of education (P = .001), patient's rural residence (P < .001), hematological malignancies (P < .001), FC's belief that the patient is unaware of diagnosis (P < .001), FC's unwillingness to know his/her own cancer diagnosis (P < .001), and FC's unwillingness to inform his/her family about his/her cancer diagnosis (P < .001). Only 2 factors predicted independently the negative attitude of FCs toward CDD, the FC's belief that the patient is unaware of diagnosis (P < .001), and the FC's unwillingness to know his/her own cancer diagnosis (P = .049).ConclusionsThe results suggest that the majority of FCs of Egyptian cancer patients prefer CDD to patients. The finding that the vast majority of FCs of aware patients preferred CDD suggests that the reaction of Egyptian patients to CDD is acceptable by FCs. Family caregivers with a negative attitude toward CDD may be reflecting their own fears.
Electronic structure and conformational analysis of P218: An antimalarial drug candidate
Authors: Abbat Sheenu , Bharatam Prasad V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractP218 is one of the very important and recent lead compounds for antimalarial research. The 3D structural and electronic details of P218 are not available. In this article, quantum chemical studies to understand the possible 3D structures of P218 are reported and compared with 3D structures from the active site cavities of hDHFR and PfDHFR. The neutral P218, can adopt open chain as well as cyclic arrangements. Under implicit solvent condition a zwitterionic‐cyclic conformer is found to be quite possible. Microsolvation studies using explicit water molecules indicate that one water molecule may bridge the two ends of zwitterionic‐cyclic P218. It was observed that the protonation occurs preferentially at N1 position of the 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine ring, with a proton affinity of 274.49 kcal/mol (implicit solvent phase) and 236.35 kcal/mol (gas phase). A dimer of P218 may be zwitterionic dimer, the dimer formation can release upto ∼28.60 kcal/mol (implicit solvent phase).
Improvement of initial guess via grid‐cutting for efficient grid‐based density functional calculations
Authors: Lim Jaechang , Choi Sunghwan , Kang Sungwoo , Kim Jaewook , Hong Kwangwoo , Kim Woo Youn 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe introduced an efficient initial guess method, namely the grid‐cutting, which is specialized for grid‐based density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It produces initial density and orbitals through pre‐DFT calculations in an inner simulation box made by cutting out the outer region of a full‐size one. To assess its performance, we carried out DFT calculations for small molecules included in the G2‐1 set and two large molecules with various combinations of mixing and diagonalization conditions, relative size of the inner box, and grid spacing. For all cases, the grid‐cutting method was more efficient than conventional ones such as extended Hückel, superposition of atomic densities, and linear combination of atomic orbitals. For instance, it was about 20% faster in computational time and about 45% smaller in the number of self‐consistent‐field cycles than the superposition of atomic densities because it provided high‐quality initial density and orbitals closer to the corresponding fully converged values. In addition, it showed good performance for non‐Coulombic model systems such as harmonic oscillator.
Kampo patterns and radiology in children receiving choreito for hemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kawashima Nozomu , Sekiya Yuko , Narita Atsushi , Kamei Michi , Muramatsu Hideki , Nishio Nobuhiro , Hama Asahito , Ito Yoshinori , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kojima Seiji 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
AimChoreito reduces the disease burden of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but the underlying Kampo mechanism has not yet been clarified. To obtain pathophysiological insights, the present study evaluated changes in Kampo patterns and genitourinary imaging during choreito treatment.MethodsTen consecutive children with late‐onset HC after stem cell transplantation were treated with choreito. Kampo patterns and computed tomography (CT) before and after choreito treatment were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsTen children with a median age of 9.7 years (range, 5.4–14 years) were diagnosed with late‐onset HC; 9 had BK virus and 1 had adenovirus. The median duration from the beginning of choreito intake to complete resolution was 12 days (range, 4–28 days). All 10 children fulfilled the Kampo pattern of Bladder damp–heat at diagnosis; all had heat and/or hardness in the lower abdomen, and 8 children had a slippery pulse. CT was obtained in 4 of the 10 children at the time of diagnosis, all of which showed bladder wall thickening and perivesical inflammation. After choreito treatment for a median of 26 days (range, 8–40 days), none of the children had any sign of damp–heat, which coincided with the disappearance of perivesical inflammation, as confirmed on CT.ConclusionLower abdominal heat/hardness with a slippery pulse may reflect damp–heat accumulation in the lower energizer, causing HC. Improvement in these examinations can be used as a surrogate response marker in choreito treatment for HC, which should be confirmed in future prospective studies.
The changing water cycle: hydroclimatic extremes in the British Isles
Authors: Burt T.P. , Howden N.J.K. , Worrall F. 
Published: June 2016

This focus article is concerned with long‐term changes in hydroclimatic extremes across the British Isles. The combination of short records, poor data quality, nonstationarity, and other methodological constraints is a major obstacle to the attribution of change. Given the interaction of drivers, notably hydroclimate and land use, linking cause and effect can be difficult, especially where records are short. This focus article emphasizes the particular value of long hydrological records in seeking to understand the scale of change currently affecting British and Irish river basins. Homogeneous records of precipitation and river flow are used to explore long‐term changes and to establish linkage with large‐scale atmospheric drivers. Using very long records allows subtle, underlying trends to be detected within noisy records; since most records of river flow are only a few decades long, very long precipitation records are used to provide a context and evidence of century‐scale monotonic trends. Analysis of flow extremes in the British Isles shows a clear linkage with indices of large‐scale atmospheric circulation; relatively simply indices of weather type and atmospheric circulation provide a good level of explanation. At the longest timescales, there has been important variation in precipitation: a monotonic increase in winter, not seen in summer where interdecadal variability is the dominant pattern. With one exception, significant trends in summer are negative, including in the uplands; this unexpected result deserves further consideration across the British Isles. WIREs Water 2016, 3:854–870. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1169This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Prenatal Testing for Adult‐Onset Conditions: the Position of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Hercher Laura , Uhlmann Wendy R. , Hoffman Erin P. , Gustafson Shanna , Chen Kelly M. ,   the Public Policy Committee of NSGC
Published: June 2016

AbstractAdvances in genetic testing and the availability of such testing in pregnancy allows prospective parents to test their future child for adult‐onset conditions. This ability raises several complex ethical issues. Prospective parents have reproductive rights to obtain information about their fetus. This information may or may not alter pregnancy management. These rights can be in conflict with the rights of the future individual, who will be denied the right to elect or decline testing. This paper highlights the complexity of these issues, details discussions that went into the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) Public Policy Task Force's development of the Prenatal testing for Adult‐Onset Conditions position statement adopted in November 2014, and cites relevant literature on this topic through December 2015. Issues addressed include parental rights and autonomy, rights of the future child, the right not to know, possible adverse effects on childhood and the need for genetic counseling. This paper will serve as a reference to genetic counselors and healthcare professionals when faced with this situation in clinical practice.
Reflecting on the journey: Mechanisms in narrative persuasion
Authors: Hamby Anne , Brinberg David , Daniloski Kim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent work demonstrates that narratives persuade via mechanisms distinct from other persuasive message formats. The present work draws from the discourse processing and communication literature to introduce a construct of retrospective reflection as an additional mediator in narrative persuasion. Retrospective reflection represents self or other‐relevant memories evoked by transportation into a story, which corroborates and extends story‐implied beliefs into the reader's world. The reported studies indicate that retrospective reflection is distinct from transportation, mediates the relationship between transportation and various persuasion‐related outcomes, and predicts these outcomes beyond transportation. The current work also examines the influence of personal relevance (Study 2) and cognitive load (Study 3) to better understand the role of retrospective reflection in narrative persuasion.
Special reduction: a usage-based approach
Authors: BYBEE JOAN , FILE-MURIEL RICHARD J. , NAPOLEÃO DE SOUZA RICARDO 
Published: June 2016

abstract‘Special reduction’ refers to instances of extreme phonetic reduction which is restricted to particular words or phrases, usually grammaticalizing constructions (going to> [gə̃ɾ̃ə̃]), greetings (hifromhow are you), discourse markers (Spanisho sea>sa), or other sequences that are often used together. On the basis of data from English, Brazilian Portuguese, and Colombian Spanish, we argue that special reduction is based on the general phonetic tendencies in the language, but that these tendencies are carried to an extreme where word sequences are used with high frequency and become chunked, allowing formerly stressed syllables to lose stress and reduce. The data also show that special reduction takes place gradually over time, and reflects general patterns of change seen in the history of the language. In fact, in some examples, special reduction presages more general sound changes that occur later. We argue that the gradual phonetic changes that accumulate for particular words or phrases, eventually changing them dramatically, requires an exemplar model for the phonological representation of words and phrases, which is updated continually as sequences are used and affected by reductive phonetic processes.
Stable isotopes, niche partitioning and the paucity of elasmosaur remains in the Maastrichtian type area
Authors: Schulp Anne S. , Janssen Renée , van Baal Remy R. , Jagt John W.M. , Mulder Eric W.A. , Vonhof Hubert B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRemains of elasmosaurid plesiosaurs are exceedingly rare in the type-Maastrichtian strata (Late Cretaceous, southeast Netherlands and northeast Belgium), in stark contrast to relatively common skeletal remains of mosasaurs. Here, we present an analysis of δ13C stable isotope values for tooth enamel of two elasmosaur teeth from the type Maastrichtian. The δ13C signal is a proxy for foraging area, trophic level and diving behaviour, the net value of which in these rare elasmosaurs turns out to be not noticeably different from that for the much commoner mosasaurs in the type Maastrichtian. Therefore, the rarity of elasmosaurs in the area probably reflects a primary near-absence of such reptiles during the latest Cretaceous, rather than a taphonomic artefact.
Γ2 (½)is more than just π
Authors: Moreno Samuel G. , García-Caballero Esther M. 
Published: June 2016

For a fixed positive integer m, factorial m is defined byThe problem of finding a formula extending the factorial m! to positive real values of m was posed by D. Bernoulli and C. Goldbach and solved by Euler. In his letter of 13 October 1729 to Goldbach [1], Euler defined a function (which we denote as Γ (x + 1)) by means ofand showed that Γ (m + 1) = m! for positive integers m. After that, Euler found representations for the so-called gamma function (1) in terms of either an infinite product or an improper integral. We refer the reader to the classical (and short) treatise [2] for a brief introduction and main properties of the gamma function.
Derangement revisited
Authors: Sofair Isaac 
Published: June 2016

In [1], the following theorem is stated and proved as Proposition XXXII, using the Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion:The number of ways of deranging a series of n terms so that no term may be followed by the term which originally followed it is(Note that the conventional definition of a derangement of a series of terms is an arrangement such that no term occupies its original position. However, the usage in this paper allows some terms to remain in their original positions.) This may most easily be visualised by considering a string of n distinct characters, abc … n say. This string has a sequence of n − 1 pairs of consecutive characters, namely, ab, bc, … mn. This article derives three theorems that can be deduced from the above theorem. The first theorem determines the number of permutations of a character string that are free from a random subset comprising a given number m of the n − 1 pairs, but contain all the remaining pairs. The second theorem sums the results of the first theorem for m, m + 1, …, n − 1 pairs.
A simple series representation for Apéry's constant
Authors: Melville John 
Published: June 2016

Apéry's constant is the value of ζ (3) where ζ is the Riemann zeta function. ThusThis constant arises in certain mathematical and physical contexts (in physics for example ζ (3) arises naturally in the computation of the electron's gyromagnetic ratio using quantum electrodynamics) and has attracted a great deal of interest, not least the fact that it was proved to be irrational by the French mathematician Roger é and named after him. See [1,2].Numerous series representations have been obtained for ζ (3) many of which are rather complicated [3]. é used one such series in his irrationality proof. It is not known whether ζ (3) is transcendental, a question whose resolution might be helped by a study of an appropriate series representation of ζ (3).
Quotient polynomials with positive coefficients
Authors: Villarino Mark B. 
Published: June 2016

In a recent paper [1] Michael Hirschhorn and the present author had to prove that the polynomialis positive for all integers n ≥ 4. We did so by writing down the identitySince all the coefficients of the quotient polynomial are positive as well as the remainder, this shows by inspection that f(n) > 0 for n ≥ 5 and computing f(4) = 12025 completes the proof. This example illustrates a useful and efficient method for proving that polynomials have strictly positive values for all real numbers exceeding a given one. We leamed this method from a paper by Chen [2], (see [3] and the references cited there), and we have subsequently used it in our own researches [1,4].We also conjectured in [1] that the theoretical basis of the method is a true theorem and the present paper is dedicated to proving this conjecture.Theorem 1: Let f(x) be a polynomial with real coefficients whose leading coefficient is positive and with at least one positive root x = a. Then there exists an x = b ≥ a such thatwhere f(b), and all the coefficients of the quotient polynomial g(x), are non-negative.
Some remarkable integrals derived from a simple algebraic identity
Authors: Jameson Graham J. O. , Jameson Timothy P. 
Published: June 2016

The identity in question really is simple: it says, for u ≠ −1,We describe two types of definite integral that look quite formidable, but dissolve into a much simpler form by an application of (1) in a way that seems almost magical.Both types, or at least special cases of them, have been mathematical folklore for a long time. For example, case (10) below appears in [1, p. 262], published in 1922 (we are grateful to Donald Kershaw for showing us this example). However, they do not seem to figure in most books on calculus except possibly tucked away as an exercise The comprehensive survey [2] mentions the second type on p. 253, but only as a lemma on the way to an identity the authors call the ‘master formula’ We come back to this formula later, but only after describing a number of other more immediate applications.
A footnote to the theory of double integrals
Authors: Pla Juan 
Published: June 2016

The probability integral theorem, which states thatis on the record for having enticed numerous mathematicians to find alternative proofs for it, over a period of more than two centuries, till recent times (for a few recent references see [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]). The most popular demonstration (attributed to the French mathematician Poisson; see [11], in references of [12]), the one found in almost all textbooks, relies on the double integral(taken over the upper-right quarter of the Cartesian plane) obtained by squaring the probability integral. By resorting to polar coordinates and writing down the above integral as:the value of the probability integral is obtained by taking the square root of the result on the right-hand side of this latter relation.
Beyond domes, umbrellas and tents
Authors: Figueiredo Vera L. X. , Mello Margarida P. , Santos Sandra A. 
Published: June 2016

Do the following objects shown on the cover belong together?We will argue that they do bear a certain kinship, sharing the common gene of cylindrical intersection. In fact, we hope this essay will awaken in the reader the ability to discern several other members of this family in the world around him or her.Cylinder intersection is used widely in construction. Beautiful examples abound in old world architecture, for instance the famous Florence cathedral in Figure 1.
Triumphs and Tribulations in Teaching
Authors: Ransom Peter 
Published: June 2016

Good morning and thank you for coming to listen to my Presidential Address. You have been listening to Meat Loaf’s Bat out of Hell and for those of you who are used to seeing me in various costumes I apologise for not appearing as Batman on a Batbike, but I know my limits (like .The illustration on the front cover of the Gazette is a bit of a turkey. It comes from an old mathematics exercise book by Henry Smith who started it in 1843 and appears just before he does some examples on the single rule of three direct in vulgar fractions. I wonder how long it took him to do it, but there has surely been some implicit mathematics done in managing to get the wording arranged fairly equally around a circle! The rest of the exercise book is very neatly presented and illustrated, though without any indication that the work has been marked in a summative or formative way. Hence it would not meet today’s standards.