bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abraham Kuyper’s Christian science and empirical science – different yet similar: An investigation into epistemological structures
Authors: Grönum Nicolaas J. , Janse van Rensburg Fika 
Published: February 2017

Abraham Kuyper wanted his fellow countrymen to accept biblically informed academic output as scientific and therefore authoritative. If Kuyper’s plans were to come to fruition, he would have to state the case for a Christian science in a way that made sense to an audience enamoured with empirical science. Kuyper did this when he adopted foundationalism as epistemological thought structure, just like empirical scientists did. He did also differ from empirical science in the sense that he took faith as the foundation for his epistemological thought structure. Although Kuyper’s choice for faith as foundation gave him the opportunity to introduce the Bible to scientific endeavour, his acceptance of foundationalism resulted in him dehumanising knowledge the same way empiricist scientist’s did.Abraham Kuyper se Christelike en empiriese wetenskappe - verskillend, dog dieselfde:‘n Ondersoek na epistemologiede denkstrukture. Abraham Kuyper wou dat sy tydgenote bybels-gefundeerde akademiese arbeid as wetenskaplike arbeid aanvaar. Ten einde dit tebewerkstellig moes Kuyper sy saak vir ’n Christen-wetenskap so stel dat dit sin kon maak vir sy tydgenote wat sterk onder die invloed van die waarde van empiriese wetenskapsbeoefening was. Kuyper het dit gedoen deur, soos die empiriese wetenskapsbeoefening, ook van ’n foundationalist epistemologiese denkstruktuur gebruik te maak. Hy het wel van die empiriese wetenskapsbeoefening verskil deur geloof as fondasie vir sy epistemologiese denkstruktuurte neem. Hoewel Kuyper se aandrang op geloof as fondasie hom die geleentheid gegee het om die Bybel by wetenskapsbeoefening te betrek, het sy aanvaarding van foundationalism tot gevolg gehad dat hy kennis op dieselfde wyse as die empiriese wetenskapsbeoefening dehumaniseer. [Full text article to follow]
KRAS detection on archival cytological smears by the novel fully automated polymerase chain reaction-based Idylla mutation test
Authors: De Luca Caterina , Vigliar Elena , d’Anna Melania , Pisapia Pasquale , Bellevicine Claudio , Malapelle Umberto , Troncone Giancarlo 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Molecular techniques are relevant to modern cytopathology, but their implementation is difficult without molecular expertise and infrastructure. The assessment of KRAS mutational status on cytological preparations may be useful either to refine uncertain diagnoses on pancreatic aspirates or to yield predictive information to plan targeted treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The novel test Idylla™ enables fully automated KRAS genotyping in approximately 2 h, even in less experienced hands.

Materials and Methods:
This study aims to validate this methodology to detect KRAS mutations on archival cytological preparations of pancreatic cancer (n = 9) and mCRC (n = 9) by comparing the Idylla™ performance to that of standard real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
The same 11 mutations (n = 4: p.G12D; n = 2: p.G12V; n = 2: p.A59E/G/T; n = 1: p.G12R; n = 1: p.G13D; n = 1: p.Q61H) were detected by both techniques.

Conclusion:
Even in less experienced laboratories, a cytopathologist may easily integrate morphological diagnostic report with accurate KRAS mutation detection, which is relevant for diagnostic and treatment decisions.
Numerical modeling of fluid effects on seismic properties of fractured magmatic geothermal reservoirs
Authors: Grab Melchior , Quintal Beatriz , Caspari Eva , Maurer Hansruedi , Greenhalgh Stewart 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Seismic investigations of geothermal reservoirs over the last 20 years have sought to interpret the resulting tomograms and reflection images in terms of the degree of reservoir fracturing and fluid content. Since the former provides the pathways and the latter acts as the medium for transporting geothermal energy, such information is needed to evaluate the quality of the reservoir. In conventional rock physics-based interpretations, this hydro-mechanical information is approximated from seismic velocities computed at the low-frequency (field-based) and high-frequency (lab-based) limits. In this paper, we demonstrate how seismic properties of fluid-filled, fractured reservoirs can be modeled over the full frequency spectrum using a numerical simulation technique which has become popular in recent years. This technique is based on Biot's theory of poroelasticity and enables the modeling of the seismic velocity dispersion and the frequency dependent seismic attenuation due to wave-induced fluid flow. These properties are sensitive to key parameters such as the hydraulic permeability of fractures as well as the compressibility and viscosity of the pore fluids. Applying the poroelastic modeling technique to the specific case of a magmatic geothermal system under stress due to the weight of the overlying rocks requires careful parameterization of the model. This includes consideration of the diversity of rock types occurring in the magmatic system and examination of the confining-pressure dependency of each input parameter. After the evaluation of all input parameters, we use our modeling technique to determine the seismic attenuation factors and phase velocities of a rock containing a complex interconnected fracture network, whose geometry is based on a fractured geothermal reservoir in Iceland. Our results indicate that in a magmatic geothermal reservoir the overall seismic velocity structure mainly reflects the lithological heterogeneity of the system, whereas indicators for reservoir permeability and fluid content are deducible from the magnitude of seismic attenuation and the critical frequency at which the peak of attenuation and maximum velocity dispersion occur. The study demonstrates how numerical modeling provides a valuable tool to overcome interpretation ambiguity and to gain a better understanding of the hydrology of geothermal systems, which are embedded in a highly heterogeneous host medium.
Human Colors—The Rainbow Garden of Pathology: What Gives Normal and Pathologic Tissues Their Color?
Authors: Piña-Oviedo Sergio , Ortiz-Hidalgo Carlos , Ayala Alberto G. 
Published: February 2017

Context.—
Colors are important to all living organisms because they are crucial for camouflage and protection, metabolism, sexual behavior, and communication. Human organs obviously have color, but the underlying biologic processes that dictate the specific colors of organs and tissues are not completely understood. A literature search on the determinants of color in human organs yielded scant information.

Objectives.—
To address 2 specific questions: (1) why do human organs have color, and (2) what gives normal and pathologic tissues their distinctive colors?

Data Sources.—
Endogenous colors are the result of complex biochemical reactions that produce biologic pigments: red-brown cytochromes and porphyrins (blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, striated muscle), brown-black melanins (skin, appendages, brain nuclei), dark-brown lipochromes (aging organs), and colors that result from tissue structure (tendons, aponeurosis, muscles). Yellow-orange carotenes that deposit in lipid-rich tissues are only produced by plants and are acquired from the diet. However, there is lack of information about the cause of color in other organs, such as the gray and white matter, neuroendocrine organs, and white tissues (epithelia, soft tissues). Neoplastic tissues usually retain the color of their nonneoplastic counterpart.

Conclusions.—
Most available information on the function of pigments comes from studies in plants, microorganisms, cephalopods, and vertebrates, not humans. Biologic pigments have antioxidant and cytoprotective properties and should be considered as potential future therapies for disease and cancer. We discuss the bioproducts that may be responsible for organ coloration and invite pathologists and pathology residents to look at a “routine grossing day” with a different perspective.
Preseismic ionospheric anomalies detected before the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake
Authors: Iwata Takuya , Umeno Ken 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOn 15 April 2016, the Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.3) occurred in Japan with no warning signals. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers provide useful information on disturbances in the ionosphere by calculating the changes in total electron content (TEC), which is the number of electrons in the ionosphere. Here we show our recently proposed correlation analysis of TEC data which can detect the preseismic ionospheric anomalies from the public GNSS data. Our method detected the ionospheric anomaly several tens of minutes before the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake near its epicenter. Furthermore, we gave an indicator to distinguish between the preseismic TEC anomalies and the medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) by calculating the anomalous area rates. These results support the hypothesis for existence of the preceding phenomena before large earthquakes.
Highly N2‐Regioselective TsOH‐Catalyzed Olefin Hydroamination: Metal‐Free Synthesis of N2‐Alkyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Wei Hao , Hu Qingxia , Ma Yutao , Wei Liangming , Liu Jiaqiang , Shi Min , Wang Feijun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA highly N2‐regioselective functionalization of 2H‐1,2,3‐triazole and 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole was achieved via a para‐toluenesulfonic‐acid‐catalyzed olefin hydroamination. The reaction afforded the corresponding products with up to 92 % N2 regioselectivity.
Alkene Hydrogenations by Soluble Iron Nanocluster Catalysts
Authors: Gieshoff Tim N. , Chakraborty Uttam , Villa Matteo , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe replacement of noble metal technologies and the realization of new reactivities with earth‐abundant metals is at the heart of sustainable synthesis. Alkene hydrogenations have so far been most effectively performed by noble metal catalysts. This study reports an iron‐catalyzed hydrogenation protocol for tri‐ and tetra‐substituted alkenes of unprecedented activity and scope under mild conditions (1–4 bar H2, 20 °C). Instructive snapshots at the interface of homogeneous and heterogeneous iron catalysis were recorded by the isolation of novel Fe nanocluster architectures that act as catalyst reservoirs and soluble seeds of particle growth.
Triptolide Suppresses Alkali Burn‐Induced Corneal Angiogenesis Along with a Downregulation of VEGFA and VEGFC Expression
Authors: Wang Geng , Li Na , Lv Xiaohong , Ahmed Naila , Li Xinlei , Liu Huidong , Ma Jing , Zhang Yafang 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTTriptolide (TPL) is an active compound extracted from a Chinese herbal medicine tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (Celastraceae), which has been used as an anti‐inflammatory drug for years. It also inhibits the growth and proliferation of different types of cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of TPL on angiogenesis after chemical‐induced corneal inflammation was studied in vivo. The effects of TPL on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and tube formation of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were studied in vitro. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Migration was analyzed using the scratch wound healing assay and transwell assay. Tube formation assay was used to examine angiogenesis. Real‐time PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and VEGFC. To study the in vivo effects of TPL, the mouse model of alkali burn‐induced corneal angiogenesis was used. The angiogenesis was analyzed by determining the density of the newly generated blood vessels in corneas. We found that TPL induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of RAECs in a dose‐dependent manner. TPL inhibited migration and tube formation of RAECs and decreased the expression of VEGFA and VEGFC in vitro. Furthermore, TPL suppressed alkali burn‐induced corneal angiogenesis and inhibited the expression of VEGFA and VEGFC in corneas in vivo. In conclusion, topical TPL as a pharmacological agent has the ability to reduce angiogenesis in cornea and may have clinical indications for the treatment of corneal angiogenesis diseases which have to be further explored. Anat Rec, 300:1348–1355, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of Shedding of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Related Protein 1 Reverses Cartilage Matrix Degradation in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Santamaria Salvatore , Botkjaer Kenneth A. , Dudhia Jayesh , Troeberg Linda , Itoh Yoshifumi , Murphy Gillian , Nagase Hideaki 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThe aggrecanase ADAMTS‐5 and the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) are constitutively secreted by chondrocytes in normal cartilage, but rapidly endocytosed via the cell surface endocytic receptor low‐density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP‐1) and subsequently degraded. This endocytic system is impaired in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage due to increased ectodomain shedding of LRP‐1. The aim of this study was to identify the LRP‐1 sheddase(s) in human cartilage and to test whether inhibition of LRP‐1 shedding prevents cartilage degradation in OA.MethodsCell‐associated LRP‐1 and soluble LRP‐1 (sLRP‐1) released from human cartilage explants and chondrocytes were measured by Western blot analysis. LRP‐1 sheddases were identified by proteinase inhibitor profiling and gene silencing with small interfering RNAs. Specific monoclonal antibodies were used to selectively inhibit the sheddases. Degradation of aggrecan and collagen in human OA cartilage was measured by Western blot analysis using an antibody against an aggrecan neoepitope and a hydroxyproline assay, respectively.ResultsShedding of LRP‐1 was increased in OA cartilage compared with normal tissue. Shed sLRP‐1 bound to ADAMTS‐5 and MMP‐13 and prevented their endocytosis without interfering with their proteolytic activities. Two membrane‐bound metalloproteinases, ADAM‐17 and MMP‐14, were identified as the LRP‐1 sheddases in cartilage. Inhibition of their activities restored the endocytic capacity of chondrocytes and reduced degradation of aggrecan and collagen in OA cartilage.ConclusionShedding of LRP‐1 is a key link to OA progression. Local inhibition of LRP‐1 sheddase activities of ADAM‐17 and MMP‐14 is a unique way to reverse matrix degradation in OA cartilage and could be effective as a therapeutic approach.
Topical treatment with coenzyme Q10‐containing formulas improves skin's Q10 level and provides antioxidative effects
Authors: Knott Anja , Achterberg Volker , Smuda Christoph , Mielke Heiko , Sperling Gabi , Dunckelmann Katja , Vogelsang Alexandra , Krüger Andrea , Schwengler Helge , Behtash Mojgan , Kristof Sonja , Diekmann Heike , Eisenberg Tanya , Berroth Andreas , Hildebrand Janosch , Siegner Ralf , Winnefeld Marc , Teuber Frank , Fey Sven , Möbius Janne , Retzer Dana , Burkhardt Thorsten , Lüttke Juliane , Blatt Thomas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUbiquinone (coenzyme Q10, Q10) represents an endogenously synthesized lipid‐soluble antioxidant which is crucial for cellular energy production but is diminished with age and under the influence of external stress factors in human skin. Here, it is shown that topical Q10 treatment is beneficial with regard to effective Q10 replenishment, augmentation of cellular energy metabolism, and antioxidant effects. Application of Q10‐containing formulas significantly increased the levels of this quinone on the skin surface. In the deeper layers of the epidermis the ubiquinone level was significantly augmented indicating effective supplementation. Concurrent elevation of ubiquinol levels suggested metabolic transformation of ubiquinone resulting from increased energy metabolism. Incubation of cultured human keratinocytes with Q10 concentrations equivalent to treated skin showed a significant augmentation of energy metabolism. Moreover, the results demonstrated that stressed skin benefits from the topical Q10 treatment by reduction of free radicals and an increase in antioxidant capacity. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(6):383–390, 2015
Stencil computations for PDE‐based applications with examples from DUNE and hypre
Authors: Engwer C. , Falgout R. D. , Yang U. M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryStencils are commonly used to implement efficient on‐the‐fly computations of linear operators arising from partial differential equations. At the same time the term “stencil” is not fully defined and can be interpreted differently depending on the application domain and the background of the software developers. Common features in stencil codes are the preservation of the structure given by the discretization of the partial differential equation and the benefit of minimal data storage. We discuss stencil concepts of different complexity, show how they are used in modern software packages like hypre and DUNE, and discuss recent efforts to extend the software to enable stencil computations of more complex problems and methods such as inf‐sup‐stable Stokes discretizations and mixed finite element discretizations.
Gas‐Phase Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Aluminum Oxide Anions (Al2O3)1–6AlO2−
Authors: Song Xiaowei , Fagiani Matias R. , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Asmis Knut R. , Bischoff Florian A. , Berger Fabian , Sauer Joachim 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe use cryogenic ion trap vibrational spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory to probe how the structural variability of alumina manifests itself in the structures of the gas‐phase clusters (Al2O3)nAlO2− with n=1–6. The infrared photodissociation spectra of the D2‐tagged complexes, measured in the fingerprint spectral range (400–1200 cm−1), are rich in spectral features and start approaching the vibrational spectrum of amorphous alumina particles for n>4. Aided by a genetic algorithm, we find a trend towards the formation of irregular structures for larger n, with the exception of n=4, which exhibits a C3v ground‐state structure. Locating the global minima of the larger systems proves challenging.
Positive selection ofIL‐33 in adaptive immunity of domestic Chinese goats
Authors: Asif Akhtar Rasool , Awais Muhammad , Qadri Sumayyah , Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq , Du Xiaoyong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe identification of the candidate genes that play key role in phenotypic variation in livestock populations can provide new information about evolution and positive selection.IL‐33 (71954) (Interleukin) gene is associated with the increased nematode resistance in small ruminants; however, the role ofIL‐33 for the genetic control of different diseases in Chinese goat breeds is poorly described in scientific literature. Therefore, the current investigation was performed for the better understanding of the molecular evolution and the positive selection of single‐nucleotide polymorphism inIL‐33 gene. Fixation Index (FST)‐based method was used for the outlier loci determination and found thatIL‐33 was present in outlier area with the provisional combined allocation of mean heterozygosity andFST. Positively selectedIL‐33 gene was significantly, that is,p(SimulFST < sampleFST = 0.98*) present in corresponding positive selection area. Hence, our study provided novel information about the nucleotide variations inIL‐33 gene and found to be nonsynonymous which may helpful for the genetic control of diseases by enhancing the immune system in local Chinese goat breeds as well as in other analyzed vertebrate species.
Autonomic, functional, skeletal muscle, and cardiac abnormalities are associated with increased ergoreflex sensitivity in mitochondrial disease
Authors: Giannoni Alberto , Aimo Alberto , Mancuso Michelangelo , Piepoli Massimo Francesco , Orsucci Daniele , Aquaro Giovanni Donato , Barison Andrea , De Marchi Daniele , Taddei Claudia , Cameli Matteo , Raglianti Valentina , Siciliano Gabriele , Passino Claudio , Emdin Michele 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsMitochondrial disease (MD) is a genetic disorder affecting skeletal muscles, with possible myocardial disease. The ergoreflex, sensitive to skeletal muscle work, regulates ventilatory and autonomic responses to exercise. We hypothesized the presence of an increased ergoreflex sensitivity in MD patients, its association with abnormal ventilatory and autonomic responses, and possibly with subclinical cardiac involvement.Methods and resultsTwenty‐five MD patients (aged 46 ± 3 years, 32% male) with skeletal myopathy but without known cardiac disease, underwent a thorough evaluation including BNPs, galectin‐3, soluble suppression of tumorigenesis 2 (sST2), high sensitivity troponin T/I, catecholamines, ECG, 24‐h ECG recording, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography, cardiac/muscle magnetic resonance (C/MMR), and ergoreflex assessment. Thirteen age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were chosen. Among these myopathic patients, subclinical cardiac damage was detected in up to 80%, with 44% showing fibrosis at CMR. Ergoreflex sensitivity was markedly higher in patients than in controls (64% vs. 37%, P < 0.001), and correlated with muscle fat to water ratio and extracellular volume at MMR (both P < 0.05). Among patients, ergoreflex sensitivity was higher in those with cardiac involvement (P = 0.034). Patients showed a lower peak oxygen consumption (VO2/kg) than controls (P < 0.001), as well as ventilatory inefficiency (P = 0.024). Ergoreflex sensitivity correlated with reduced workload and peak VO2/kg (both P < 0.001), and several indicators of autonomic imbalance (P < 0.05). Plasma norepinephrine was the unique predictor of myocardial fibrosis at univariate analysis (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSkeletal myopathy in MD is characterized by enhanced ergoreflex sensitivity, which is associated with a higher incidence of cardiac involvement, exercise intolerance, and sympathetic activation.
Reward Dependence and Harm Avoidance among Patients with Binge‐Purge Type Eating Disorders
Authors: Gat‐Lazer Sigal , Geva Ronny , Gur Eitan , Stein Daniel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe Cloninger's Psychobiological Model of Temperament and Character includes temperamental dimensions such as reward dependence (RD) and harm avoidance (HA). Studies of RD differentiate between sensitivity to reward (SR) versus to punishment (SP). We investigated the interrelationship between HA and RD in acutely ill patients with binge/purge (B/P) type eating disorders (EDs) and following symptomatic stabilization.MethodsFifty patients with B/P EDs were assessed at admission to inpatient treatment, 36 of whom were reassessed at discharge. Thirty‐six controls were similarly assessed. Participants completed Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), and took the Gambling Task.ResultsPatients with B/P EDs had higher TPQ‐RD and lower TPQ‐HA accompanied by lower SPSRQ‐SR and SPSRQ‐SP. SPSRQ‐SP correlated positively and negatively with TPQ‐HA and TPQ‐RD, respectively.ConclusionsCombination of lower TPQ‐HA, lower SPSRQ‐SP, and greater risk‐taking inclination may maintain disordered eating in patients with B/P EDs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.