bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trackable Electronic Deception Enabled by Space‐Time Coding Metasurface
Authors: Wan Xiang , Wang Wen Hao , Wang Jia Wei , Wang Xu Jie , Wan Jia Chen , Chen Zhanye , Quan Yinghui , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpace‐time coding metasurfaces (STCMs) have gained a great deal of achievements in the fields of radar and communication, but they have rarely been explored in the field of electronic jamming. The existing researches use time‐varying surface or phase‐switched screens to realize electronic deceptions, but the deceptions are completely passive and are limited in the time‐frequency domain. Here, a mechanism of STCM‐based deceptions is presented in the space and the time‐frequency domains, and precise designs of the STCM‐based deceptions are achieved by performing shifting operations on the space‐time coding sequences of the STCM. Moreover, STCM‐based DOA (direction‐of‐arrival) estimation is integrated with the deception procedure to achieve trackable electronic deception which cannot be realized by completely passive electronic jamming. A prototype system of the STCM‐based deception is built to verify the deception performance, and the experimental results agree well with the numerical simulations. This work extends the research and the applications of the STCMs, hence showing great scientific and engineering significance.
Vertically Stacked Broadband GNIF‐MoS2/p‐Ge Photodetector for Dark Current Suppression, High Photoresponse, and Ultrafast Transient Response
Authors: Pandey Rajiv Kumar , Choi Hwayong , Kim Young‐Hoon , Jeong Subin , Kim Yeji , Heo Junseok 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe proposed model structure, featuring a gold (Au) nano‐island film (GNIF) integrated with a vertically stacked van der Waals heterojunction and offering an elegant platform for high‐performance, efficient, and sensitive photodetection across a broad spectral range, is designated as GNIF‐MoS₂/p‐Ge(MoS2 = Molybdenum disulfide, p‐Ge = p type germanium). The GNIF is fabricated via ultrathin film deposition, based on the surface dewetting properties of MoS2. The as‐fabricated photodetector (PD), offering ≈20 times reduction in dark current and characterized by wavelength‐dependent high responsivity (R(λ)), photoconductive gain (G(λ)), and detectivity (D(λ)), respond to a broad spectral range from visible light (400 nm) to short wave infrared (SWIR) (1600 nm). The ultrahigh transient response (τr) is found to be ≈2.5 and 16 µs for the 470 (visible light) and 1550 (SWIR) nm wavelengths, respectively, resulting in 3‐dB bandwidths of up to ≈48 kHz, which is considered high for such devices. To understand the inherent mechanisms of broadband detection and the high photoresponse and ultrafast transient response of PDs, a meticulous investigation is conducted on the wavelength‐dependent behaviors, depletion width changes, and material properties. The results provide valuable insights and a basis for the construction of suitable PDs based on nanometer‐thin metal films, 2D semiconductors, and a 3D hybrid structure.
Achieving Ultra‐High Background‐Limited Detectivity by a Brillouin Zone Folding Induced Quasi‐Bound State in the Continuum
Authors: Zhu Tianyun , Jing Wenji , Deng Jie , Wang Bo , Wang Ruowen , Ye Tao , Shi Mengdie , Ye Jiexian , Cui Tianyuan , Shen Jinyong , Li Fangzhe , Ning Jun , Zhou Jing , Chen Xiaoshuang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring infrared detection, the thermal radiation from the background generates substantial photon noise and thus severely limit the capability of an infrared detector to identify a target. Going beyond this limitation has been a long‐standing challenge in the development of infrared detectors. This paper proposes to break this limitation by creating a narrow photoresponse band with a high peak responsivity to reject the background radiation and enhance the responsivity to the target with characteristic emission lines. This scheme is numerically demonstrated in a dimerized grating integrated quantum well infrared photodetector, based on critical coupling with a Brillouin zone folding induced quasi‐bound state in the continuum (BIC). The asymmetric deformation of the grating structure folds the photonic band and generates a quasi‐BIC with a tunable high radiation Q factor (QR) at the Γ point. By reducing the doping concentration of the quantum wells for a high absorption Q factor (QA) and tuning the QR to make QR = QA for critical coupling, a narrowband photoresponse with a high peak responsivity is achieved and the background‐limited specific detectivity of 4.55 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 W−1 is obtained for a 2π field of view, surpassing the ideal‐photoconductor limit by 92 times.
Modular Access to Aryl Quinolinyl Ketones via Visible‐Light‐Induced Palladium‐Catalyzed Aldehyde C−H Bond Arylation of Quinoline‐8‐Carbaldehydes with Arylboronic Acid
Authors: Gopichand Thakur Dinesh , Sonawane Mahesh A. , Patel Raj N. , Rathod Nileshkumar B. , Patel Sachinkumar D. , Patel Dharmik M. , Chandra Ghosh Subhash 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article describes the development of a room‐temperature visible‐light‐induced palladium‐catalyzed directed aldehyde C−H bond arylation to access aryl quinolinyl ketones. In this pathway, the Pd catalyst plays a dual role by harvesting light as a photocatalyst and catalyzing the chemical transformation via C−H bond activation. This process is general to synthesize a range of aryl quinolinyl ketones and tolerates many common functional groups. Our methodology was successfully applied to synthesize highly potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors.
Elastic Wave Propagation in 2D Carbon Nano‐Onion Lattices
Authors: Lashani Reza , Ghavanloo Esmaeal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study presents a simple analytical model to investigate wave propagation in 2D carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) and nitrogen‐doped carbon nano‐onions (N‐CNOs) lattices. Furthermore, the dispersion relationships of the waves and bandgaps in these lattices are derived based on Bloch's theorem. The CNOs and N‐CNOs lattices are modeled as infinite 2D mass‐in‐mass structures accurately assembled using linear springs. The Lennard–Jones potential energy is employed to obtain equivalent spring constants. A key finding of this research is the identification of bandgaps within all lattice structures, signifying regions where wave propagation is prohibited. The existence of these bandgaps offers potential for the advancement of adjustable nano‐scale metamaterials.
Numerical Analysis on the Use of Carbon Nanostructures as Interlayers to Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS‐1D
Authors: Fidel Wisly , Perrin Guido , Anefnaf Ikram , Koech Richard K , Prédélus Dieuseul , Doumit Nicole , Botsoa Jacques , Ania Conchi O. , Ntsoenzok Esidor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the numerous efforts to optimize the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), challenges persist. Carbon materials are promising candidates for this purpose, but identifying the most suitable carbon material and understanding its role in the PSC among the wide family of carbons remains a challenging task. In this study, SCAPS‐1D software is employed to optimize the use of carbon materials as interlayers to PSCs. The best configuration of the carbon interlayer and the required physicochemical properties of the carbon materials is identified for improved performance. The simulations show that the insertion of thin carbon interlayers of adequate features in n‐i‐p stacked cells (FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/HTL/Ni) can increase the efficiency of the resulting PSCs by over 2.3 %, while significantly improving the open‐circuit voltage and the fill factor. These results underline that those carbon materials with optical bandgaps ranging from 3 to 3.5 eV offer the best performance as an interlayer to the hole tranport layer, with negligible impact of the thickness of the interlayer. This contribution offers a novel perspective on the use of carbon materials in PSCs and provides new insights into the understanding of the role of carbon materials as interlayers in PSCs.
Efficient Algorithm for Extracting Transmission Spectrum From Band Structure in Low‐Dimensional Systems
Authors: Bazrafshan M. Amir , Khoeini Farhad , Stampfl Catherine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAiming at an efficient method to determine the transport properties of a physical system, an effective and accurate band‐counting algorithm is presented to extract the transmission spectrum of a low‐dimensional system, directly from the band structure. This approach is more efficient than Hamiltonian‐dependent formalisms such as the standard Green's function (GF) or the transfer matrix methods. The only constraint of the approach is that the bands should not be mixed, i.e., for each band in the k‐path, there should be a set of eigenvalues. The efficiency of the approach is comparable to that of Green's function method, and it is applicable to any computational approach whose output is a band structure, whether for particles or quasiparticles such as electrons and phonons. Since the transport coefficient is calculated separately for each band, the occurrence of eigenvalues at the same k‐point can be captured by the algorithm. The proposed algorithm will be useful for studying transmission coefficient‐dependent quantities, such as thermoelectric‐related quantities, and also the electric current within the Landauer–Büttiker formalism.
Highly Efficient Synergistic Chemotherapy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Targeted Ovarian Cancer Therapy Using Hyaluronic Acid‐Coated Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Guang , Shi Shengying , Tan Jingxiu , He Lijuan , Liu Qiwen , Fang Feng , Fu Huijiao , Zhong Min , Mai Ziyi , Sun Rui , Liu Kun , Feng Zhenzhen , Liang Peiqin , Yu Zhiqiang , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) are still a grand challenge, more than 70% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a dismal prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown superior results to other examinations in preoperative assessment, while cisplatin‐based chemotherapy is the first‐line treatment for OC. However, few previous studies have brought together the two rapidly expanding fields. Here a technique is presented using cisplatin prodrug (Pt‐COOH), Fe3+, and natural polyphenols (Gossypol) to construct the nanoparticles (HA@PFG NPs) that have a stable structure, controllable drug release behavior, and high drug loading capacity. The acidic pH values in tumor sites facilitate the release of Fe3+, Pt‐COOH, and Gossypol from HA@PFG NPs. Pt‐COOH with GSH consumption and cisplatin‐based chemotherapy plus Gossypol with pro‐apoptotic effects displays a synergistic effect for killing tumor cells. Furthermore, the release of Fe3+ at the tumor sites promotes ferroptosis and enables MRI imaging of OC. In the patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model, HA@PFG NPs alleviate the tumor activity. RNA sequencing analysis reveals that HA@PFG NPs ameliorate OC symptoms mainly through IL‐6 signal pathways. This work combines MRI imaging with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy, which holds great promise for OC diagnosis and synergistic therapy.
Revealing the Impact of Aging on Perovskite Solar Cells Employing Nickel Phthalocyanine‐Based Hole Transporting Material
Authors: Ans Muhammad , Biyiklioglu Zekeriya , Mahapatra Apurba , Chavan Rohit D. , Kruszyńska Joanna , Unal Muhittin , Fazlı Hilal , Nikiforow Kostiantyn , Yadav Pankaj , Akin Seckin , Güzel Emre , Prochowicz Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe enhancement of the photovoltaic performance upon the aging process at particular environment is often observed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly for the devices with 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)−9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) as hole transporting material (HTM). In this work, for the first time the effect of aging the typical n‐i‐p PSCs employing nickel phthalocyanine (coded as Bis‐PF‐Ni) solely as dopant‐free HTM is investigated and as an additive in spiro‐OMeTAD solution. This study reveals that the prolong aging of these devices at dry air condition (RH = 2%, 25 °C) is beneficial for the improvement of their performances. Various bulk and surface characterization techniques are utilized to understand the factors behind the spontaneous efficiency enhancement of the devices after storage. As a result, the changes in properties of the Bis‐PF‐Ni layer are observed and at perovskite/Bis‐PF‐Ni interface, which ultimately improves the charge transport and reduces non‐radiative recombination. In addition, the devices with Bis‐PF‐Ni HTM reveal enhanced long‐term ambient and thermal stability compared to the PSCs based on doped spiro‐OMeTAD.
Trifunctional Graphene‐Sandwiched Heterojunction‐Embedded Layered Lattice Electrocatalyst for High Performance in Zn‐Air Battery‐Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Kim Dong Won , Kim Jihoon , Choi Jong Hui , Jung Do Hwan , Kang Jeung Ku 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZn‐air battery (ZAB)‐driven water splitting holds great promise as a next‐generation energy conversion technology, but its large overpotential, low activity, and poor stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remain obstacles. Here, a trifunctional graphene‐sandwiched, heterojunction‐embedded layered lattice (G‐SHELL) electrocatalyst offering a solution to these challenges are reported. Its hollow core‐layered shell morphology promotes ion transport to Co3S4 for OER and graphene‐sandwiched MoS2 for ORR/HER, while its heterojunction‐induced internal electric fields facilitate electron migration. The structural characteristics of G‐SHELL are thoroughly investigated using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images align well with the DFT‐relaxed structures and simulated TEM images, further confirming its structure. It exhibits an approximately threefold smaller ORR charge transfer resistance than Pt/C, a lower OER overpotential and Tafel slope than RuO₂, and excellent HER overpotential and Tafel slope, while outlasting noble metals in terms of durability. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis under varying potentials by examining the peak shifts and ratios (Co2+/Co3+ and Mo4+/Mo6+) elucidates electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the ZAB with G‐SHELL outperforms Pt/C+RuO2 in terms of energy density (797 Wh kg−1) and peak power density (275.8 mW cm−2), realizing the ZAB‐driven water splitting.
Advanced Crosslinked Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Molecular Architecture, Strategies, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Zeng Xiaoyue , Liu Xuewei , Zhu Huirong , Zhu Jiaxing , Lan Jinle , Yu Yunhua , Lee Young‐Seak , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolid‐state batteries (SSBs) have attracted much attention for high‐energy‐density and high‐safety energy storage devices. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have emerged as a critical component in the advancement of SSBs, owing to the compelling advantages of strong molecular structure‐designability, low cost, easy manufacturing, and no liquid leakage. However, linear SPEs usually have low room‐temperature ionic conductivity due to crystallization, and melting at high temperature. Thus, crosslinked SPEs have been proposed in that the chemical bonding between internal molecule chains can maintain solid state to expand operational temperature, disrupt regularity of segment, and diminish crystalline degree, leading to an enhancement of room‐temperature ionic conductivity. Furthermore, the integration of functional groups within crosslinked SPE network can significantly augment the electrochemical performance of SPEs. Herein, according to the network structure, crosslinked SPEs are categorized into four types: simple network, AB crosslinked polymers (ABCP), semi‐interpenetrating network (semi‐IPN), and interpenetrating network (IPN), then the structure features and advantages and disadvantages of commonly used polymers for these types of crosslinked SPEs are reviewed. In addition, crosslinked SPEs with self‐healing, flame‐retardant, degradable, and recyclability are introduced. Finally, challenges and prospects of crosslinked SPEs are summarized, hoping to provide guidance for the molecular design of SPEs in the future.
Seven Novel Variants of Weiss‐Kruszka Syndrome and Phenotype Expansion
Authors: Hau Anna , Baxter Anne , Chandler Kate , Fennell Andrew , Hsieh Tzung‐Chien , Krawitz Peter M. , Pinner Jason , Goel Himanshu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWeiss‐Kruszka syndrome (WKS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by metopic ridging, ptosis, arched eyebrows, down slanting palpebral fissures, abnormalities in the corpus callosum, cardiac malformations, and variable neurodevelopmental delay. To date, 32 individuals with a diagnosis of WKS have been reported in the literature. The syndrome is caused by a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the ZNF462 gene or a deletion of the 9p31.2 region involving ZNF462. There is significant phenotypic heterogeneity and intrafamilial variability among these patients. Our study reviewed nine patients from seven unrelated families and identified seven novel heterozygous ZNF462 variants through exome sequencing. GestaltMatcher analysis of our cohort's facial images, alongside previously published images of ZNF462 patients, demonstrated a high degree of facial similarity. Further longitudinal research is needed to delineate this rare condition's long‐term health implications and adult‐onset features.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed (5+2) Annulation Reaction for the Synthesis of Nitro and Cyano Substituted Benzo[b]Oxepines
Authors: Kalita Deep J. , Bhorali Pratiksha , Khundrakpam Supriya , Gogoi Sanjib 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA Rh(III)‐catalyzed annulation reaction of 2‐(2‐nitrovinyl)phenols and disubstituted alkynes is developed to complete the first synthesis of biologically important 4‐nitro substituted benzo[b]oxepines. The same reaction conditions are also applied for the efficient synthesis of 4‐cyano substituted benzo[b]oxepines which have high biological significance. Some of the synthesized 4‐nitrobenzo[b]oxepines are easily transformed to triazole fused dibenzo[b]oxepines.
Stone toolmaking energy expenditure differs between novice and expert toolmakers
Authors: Pargeter Justin , Cebeiro Adela , Levy Stephanie B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates the energetic costs associated with Oldowan‐style flake production and how skill differences influence these costs.Materials and MethodsNine adult participants, including novice and expert toolmakers, underwent a 2‐h experimental session where we measured energy expenditure and flaking outcomes. We measured body mass (kg), percent body fat, and fat‐free mass (kg) and used open‐circuit indirect calorimetry to quantify energy expenditure. The lithic analysis used standard linear and mass measurements on the resulting cores and flakes. Qualitative observations from the video recordings provide insight into the subject's body positions and hand grips.ResultsResults reveal significant differences in energy expenditure between novice and expert toolmakers, with experts demonstrating lower overall energy expenditure. Additionally, experts produced more flakes, reduced greater core mass per unit of energy expenditure, and exhibited distinct body positions, hand grips, and core/flake morphologies compared with novices.DiscussionThe study provides novel insights into the bio‐cultural impacts of stone toolmaking skill acquisition, suggesting that skilled performance reduces the metabolic costs of stone tool production. These findings contribute to debates surrounding the origins of human cultural capacities and highlight the importance of including energy expenditure measures in knapping experiments. Moreover, the results suggest that the presence or absence of expertise in the Paleolithic would have fundamentally altered selective pressures and the reliability of skill reproduction. This study enhances our understanding of differences in stone toolmaking skill and their implications for human energy allocation strategies during early technological evolution.
Pilot implementation of the revised criteria for staging of Alzheimer's disease by the Alzheimer's Association Workgroup in a tertiary memory clinic
Authors: Lu Jiaying , Wang Jing , Wu Jie , Zhang Huiwei , Ma Xiaoxi , Zhu Yuhua , Wang Jie , Yang Yunhao , Xiao Zhenxu , Li Ming , Zhou Xiaowen , Ju Zizhao , Xu Qian , Ge Jingjie , Ding Ding , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Zuo Chuantao , Guan Yihui , Zhao Qianhua ,   the Shanghai Memory Study (SMS)
Published: September 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the 2024 Alzheimer's Association Workgroup's integrated clinical‐biological staging scheme in outpatient settings within a tertiary memory clinic.METHODSThe 2018 syndromal cognitive staging system, coupled with a binary biomarker classification, was implemented for 236 outpatients with cognitive concerns. The 2024 numeric clinical staging framework, incorporating biomarker staging, was specifically applied to 154 individuals within the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum.RESULTSThe 2024 staging scheme accurately classified 95.5% AD. Among these, 56.5% exhibited concordant clinical and biological stages (canonical), 34.7% demonstrated more advanced clinical stages than biologically expected (susceptible), and 8.8% displayed the inverse pattern (resilient). The susceptible group was characterized by a higher burden of neurodegeneration and inflammation than anticipated from tau, whereas the resilient group showed the opposite.DISCUSSIONThe 2024 staging scheme is generally feasible. A discrepancy between clinical and biological stages is relatively frequent among symptomatic patients with AD.Highlights
The 2024 AA staging scheme is generally feasible in a tertiary memory clinic.
A discrepancy between clinical and biological stages is relatively frequent in AD.
The mismatch may be influenced by a non‐specific pathological process involved in AD.
Individual profiles like aging and lifestyles may contribute to such a mismatch.
Matched and mismatched cases converge toward similar clinical outcomes.
Electrochemical identification and quantification of through‐plane proton channels in graphene oxide membranes
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Eigler Siegfried 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStacked graphene oxide (GO) proton membranes are promising candidates for use in energy devices due to their proton conductivity. Identification of through‐plane channels in these membranes is critical but challenging due to their anisotropic nature. Here, we present an electrochemical reduction method for identifying and quantifying through‐plane proton channels in GO membranes. The simplicity lies in the operando optical observation of the change in contrast as GO is electrochemically reduced. Here, we find three proton‐dominated three‐phase interfaces, which are critical for the reduction reactions of GO membranes. Based on these findings, a method is proposed to identify and quantify through‐plane channels in stacked GO proton membranes using a simple three‐electrode device in combination with real‐time imaging of the membrane surface.