bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting and developing a video-feedback intervention for co-parents of infants at risk of externalising behaviour problems (VIPP-Co): A feasibility study
Authors: Iles Jane E , Rosan Camilla , Wilkinson Esther , Ramchandani Paul G 
Published: April 2017

Background:Recent research on early interventions with parents of infants at risk of externalising behaviour problems indicates that focusing on co-parenting and involving fathers in treatment may enhance effectiveness. This article reports the development and preliminary evaluation of a brief intervention: video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline for co-parents (VIPP-Co).Methods:Families who reported to be struggling with their infant’s behaviour were recruited from the community and received six home-based sessions of VIPP-Co. The primary outcome was feasibility of the adapted intervention, assessed using semi-structured questionnaires and interviews post-intervention. Preliminary clinical outcome measures were also recorded.Results:In total, five families with infants between 10 and 24 months completed the intervention. Feedback data documented high rates of acceptability and feasibility. All fathers and mothers completing the intervention reported that it positively impacted their understanding of their child’s thoughts and feelings, as well as their approach to individual parenting and co-parenting. Additional preliminary outcome data indicated positive changes in parent–chid interaction and a positive trend was found for infant behaviour, parental well-being and parent relationship adjustment across the intervention.Conclusions:The overall results of this study are encouraging, but VIPP-Co must be evaluated with larger samples to explore its efficacy.
Demographic characteristics of Australian health consumers who were early registrants for opt-in personally controlled electronic health records
Authors: Torrens Emma , Walker Sue M 
Published: April 2017

Background: Differential uptake of, or access to, personal electronic health records (PEHRs) has the potential to impact on health disparities among certain social groups. In 2012, the Australian Government introduced the Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record (PCEHR), an opt-in system operated by the then National E-Health Transition Authority (NEHTA). In July 2016, the My Health Record (MyHR), an opt-out model, operated by the Australian Digital Health Agency replaced the PCEHR, providing additional support for consumers. Objective: This research was carried out between 2012 and 2015, covering the opt-in PCEHR phase. The aim of the study was to explore demographic characteristics of Australian health consumers who were first to register for a PEHR, and to identify the age and gender populations less likely to register for a PEHR in the opt-in format. The study aimed to provide early data on registrants and potential methods to encourage individuals to register for a PEHR. Method: A cross-sectional study investigated differences in registrations for PEHRs from 2012 to 2015 by age and sex. Results: Results revealed that males were less likely to register than females, and adolescents of both sexes were the least likely to register when compared with any other age group. Similarly, middle-aged males had among the lowest reported registrations, as did older females. Conclusion: While e-health has the potential to improve health outcomes and PEHRs the potential to empower consumers to better manage their health and improve their access health services, evidence from this study suggested that some population groups that experience health inequalities (e.g. older people) were underrepresented among registrants for PEHRs. As income, ethnicity and education are major drivers for health disparities in Australia, future research should focus on uptake and use of PEHRs (now the MyHR) from the perspective of these variables.
Chemical and biological assessment of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in pulmonary cells and in an acute in vivo model: relevance to pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy
Authors: Mohamed Nura A. , Davies Robert P. , Lickiss Paul D. , Ahmetaj‐Shala Blerina , Reed Daniel M. , Gashaw Hime H. , Saleem Hira , Freeman Gemma R. , George Peter M. , Wort Stephen J. , Morales‐Cano Daniel , Barreira Bianca , Tetley Teresa D. , Chester Adrian H. , Yacoub Magdi H. , Kirkby Nicholas S. , Moreno Laura , Mitchell Jane A. 
Published: April 2017

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and debilitating condition. Despite promoting vasodilation, current drugs have a therapeutic window within which they are limited by systemic side effects. Nanomedicine uses nanoparticles to improve drug delivery and/or reduce side effects. We hypothesize that this approach could be used to deliver PAH drugs avoiding the systemic circulation. Here we report the use of iron metal organic framework (MOF) MIL‐89 and PEGylated MIL‐89 (MIL‐89 PEG) as suitable carriers for PAH drugs. We assessed their effects on viability and inflammatory responses in a wide range of lung cells including endothelial cells grown from blood of donors with/without PAH. Both MOFs conformed to the predicted structures with MIL‐89 PEG being more stable at room temperature. At concentrations up to 10 or 30 µg/mL, toxicity was only seen in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells where both MOFs reduced cell viability and CXCL8 release. In endothelial cells from both control donors and PAH patients, both preparations inhibited the release of CXCL8 and endothelin‐1 and in macrophages inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase activity. Finally, MIL‐89 was well‐tolerated and accumulated in the rat lungs when given in vivo. Thus, the prototypes MIL‐89 and MIL‐89 PEG with core capacity suitable to accommodate PAH drugs are relatively non‐toxic and may have the added advantage of being anti‐inflammatory and reducing the release of endothelin‐1. These data are consistent with the idea that these materials may not only be useful as drug carriers in PAH but also offer some therapeutic benefit in their own right.
Do children with neurological disabilities use more inpatient resources: an observational study
Authors: Yuan Jin-Xi , McGowan Marian , Hadjikoumi Irene , Pant Buddhi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background
Advances in healthcare have improved the survival of children with neurological disabilities (ND). Studies in the US have shown that children with ND use a substantial proportion of resources in children’s hospitals, however, little research has been conducted in the UK. We aimed to test the hypothesis that children with neurological disabilities use more inpatient resources than children without neurological disabilities, and to quantify any significant differences in resource use.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted, looking at the number of hospital admissions, total inpatient days and the reason for admissions for paediatric inpatients from January 1st to March 31st 2015. Inpatients were assigned into one of three groups: children without ND, children with one ND, and children with more than one ND.

Results
The sample population included 942 inpatients (mean age 6y 6mo). Children with at least one ND accounted for 15.3% of the inpatients, 17.7% of total hospital inpatient admission episodes, and 27.8% of the total inpatients days. Neurological disability had a statistically significant effect on total hospital admissions (p < 0.001). Neurological disability also had a statistically significant effect on total inpatient days (p < 0.001). Neurological disability increased the length of inpatient stay across medicine, specialties, and surgery.

Conclusions
Children with ND had more frequent hospital admission episode and longer inpatient stays. We identified a smaller group within this population, with arguably more complex neurological disabilities, children with more than one ND. This group had the highest number of admissions and longest inpatient stays. More frequent hospital admissions and longer inpatient stays may place children with ND at greater risk of the adverse effects of hospitalisations. We recommend further investigations looking at each the effects of the different categories of ND on inpatient resource use, and repeat of this study at a national level and over a longer period of time.
Characteristics of Esophageal Cancer Cases in Tanzania
Authors: Mmbaga Elia J. , Deardorff Katrina V. , Mushi Beatrice , Mgisha William , Merritt Megan , Hiatt Robert A. , Mwaiselage Julius , Zhang Li , Van Loon Katherine 
Published: April 2017

Purpose Age-standardized incidence rates for esophageal cancer (EC) in East Africa have been reported as disproportionately high compared with the worldwide incidence of nine per 100,000 population. This study aimed to characterize EC cases seen at Muhimbili National Hospital and Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods Demographic, clinical, and treatment variables were abstracted from charts of patients who received care for a diagnosis of EC at one or both institutions between 2011 and 2013. Categorical data were summarized as frequency counts and percentages. Continuous data were presented as medians and ranges. To compare men and women, Pearson’s χ2 and two-sample t tests were applied. Results Seven hundred thirty-eight unique cases of EC were identified, of whom 68% were men and the median age was 60 years (range, 19 to 95 years). Notably, 93 cases (13%) were ≤ 40 years old at diagnosis. Squamous cell carcinoma was the dominant histology, comprising 90% of cases with documented histopathology. However, 34% of cases with a diagnosis of EC were not pathologically confirmed. The stage was documented as locoregional in 4% of cases, locally advanced in 20% of cases, metastatic in 14% of cases, and unknown in 63% of cases. Of 430 patients who received treatment at Ocean Road Cancer Institute, 76% were treated with radiation, 44% were treated with chemotherapy, 3% underwent a cancer-related surgical procedure, and 10% of cases received no cancer-directed therapy. The median overall survival for all patients was 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.0 to 12.8), regardless of stage at presentation. Conclusion Between 2011 and 2013, cases of EC represented a large clinical burden at both institutions.
Early-Onset Obesity: Unrecognized First Evidence for GNAS Mutations and Methylation Changes
Authors: Grüters-Kieslich Annette , Reyes Monica , Sharma Amita , Demirci Cem , DeClue Terry J , Lankes Erwin , Tiosano Dov , Schnabel Dirk , Jüppner Harald 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Context
Early-onset obesity, characteristic for disorders affecting the leptin–melanocortin pathway, is also observed in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A), a disorder caused by maternal GNAS mutations that disrupt expression or function of the stimulatory G protein α-subunit (Gsα). Mutations and/or epigenetic abnormalities at the same genetic locus are also the cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B). However, although equivalent biochemical and radiographic findings can be encountered in these related disorders caused by GNAS abnormalities, they are considered distinct clinical entities.

Objectives
To further emphasize the overlapping features between both disorders, we report the cases of several children, initially brought to medical attention because of unexplained early-onset obesity, in whom PHP1B or PHP1A was eventually diagnosed.

Patients and Methods
Search for GNAS methylation changes or mutations in cohorts of patients with early-onset obesity.

Results
Severe obesity had been noted in five infants, with a later diagnosis of PHP1B due to STX16 deletions and/or abnormal GNAS methylation. These findings prompted analysis of 24 unselected obese patients, leading to the discovery of inherited STX16 deletions in 2 individuals. Similarly, impressive early weight gains were noted in five patients, who initially lacked additional Albright hereditary osteodystrophy features but in whom PHP1A due to GNAS mutations involving exons encoding Gsα was diagnosed.

Conclusions
Obesity during the first year of life can be the first clinical evidence for PHP1B, expanding the spectrum of phenotypic overlap between PHP1A and PHP1B. Importantly, GNAS methylation abnormalities escape detection by targeted or genome-wide sequencing strategies, raising the question of whether epigenetic GNAS analyses should be considered for unexplained obesity.
Intrathecal Morphine Versus Extended-Release Epidural Morphine for Postoperative Pain Control in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion
Authors: Cohen Mindy , Zuk Jeannie , McKay Nancy , Erickson Mark , Pan Zhaoxing , Galinkin Jeffrey 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND:
Posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis is one of the most painful elective pediatric surgeries. Good postoperative pain control allows early ambulation and return of ability to tolerate oral intake. Options for analgesia in this patient population are suboptimal. We hypothesized that extended-release epidural morphine (EREM) would provide better pain control and less adverse effects compared to intrathecal (IT) morphine.

METHODS:
The primary outcome was total IV morphine consumption during 0–48 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included time until first patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) demand, pain scores, and adverse opioid effects. After institutional review board approval, 71 subjects undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis completed the study. The subjects were randomly allocated to 7.5 μg/kg IT morphine or 150 μg/kg EREM. The final IT morphine and EREM groups contained 37 and 34 subjects, respectively. Postoperative pain was treated with morphine PCA, ketorolac, oral oxycodone, and acetaminophen. Morphine consumption, pain scores, nausea and vomiting, pruritus, and respiratory depression were measured every 4 hours. Parents completed a caregiver questionnaire about their child’s pain control regimen after the first postoperative day.

RESULTS:
There was no difference in total morphine consumption over the first 48 hours between subjects in the EREM and IT morphine groups: median (range) 42.2 (5.5–123.0) and 34.0 (4.5–128.8) mg, respectively (P = .27). EREM and IT morphine groups had no difference in time until first PCA demand. Pain scores were no different between the groups from 8 to 24 hours after surgery. Compared to IT morphine, EREM subjects had lower pain scores from 28 to 36 hours after surgery. The reported incidence of pruritus was lower in the EREM subjects.

CONCLUSIONS:
There was no difference in total morphine consumption or time until first PCA demand between the EREM and IT morphine groups. EREM provides a longer duration of analgesia after posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis and may be associated with less opioid-induced pruritus.
Between the Interior and the Artifactual: Reading the Ci Space
Authors: Chen Lei 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article ventures a new approach to capture the subtlety of the shi/ci distinctions by reading and comparing the representation of space in shi and ci, an approach that avoids traditional Chinese impressionism, on the one hand, and superficial Western formalism, on the other. The author focuses on two basic loci of “private” space as represented in shi and ci, the boudoir and garden—one sexualized, forbidden, and private, and the other natural, culturally sanctioned, and constructed, but also private in certain ways regarding ownership. These two major categories alone, though not sufficient to cover the entire spectrum of the ci space, could provide a meaningful framework to show how the generic qualities of ci are most sharply and immediately distinguished as effects of a lyrical construction of certain “private” space.
Recent Findings of the Types of Programmed Cell Death
Authors: Borys Sylwia , Khozmi Ronza , Kranc Wiesława , Bryja Artur , Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska Marta , Jeseta Michal , Kempisty Bartosz 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Cell death plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of multicellular organisms. It can occur in a controlled manner by apoptosis or autophagy. Cell death which occurs regardless of regulatory factors include necrosis, mitotic catastrophe or oncosis.
Apoptosis and necrosis are cellular process that leads to cell death. However their mechanisms are different, although factors triggering them can be similar. Necrosis and apoptosis have many different characteristics in terms of biochemistry and morphology.
There are two main pathways of apoptosis induction signal: receptor - dependent and mitochondrial. The outsider apoptotic pathway is induced by external factors stimulating membrane receptors having an intracellular domain called death domain.
Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is activated by increased concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, disorders electrolyte transport and an increase in the concentration of the calcium ions in the cytoplasm. In response to stress-factors, mitochondrial channels are opened, so that is released into the cytoplasm cytochrome C. This work is aimed at an overall description of exchanged processes.
Problems of Cancer Treatment. Part I. Theory of Treatment Based on Known Mechanisms of Anticancer Immunological Responses
Authors: Kawiak Jerzy , Hoser Grazyna , Domagała-Kulawik Joanna 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Various processes, taking place both in cells and in their environment, are linked to carcinogenesis. This paper aims at recalling the complex mechanisms of oncogenesis, with particular attention paid to responses of the immune system. In development of solid tumours, leukaemias and lymphomas several common stages can be noted. A neoplastic disease cannot be understood considering only phenomena of genetic mutations. Neoplastic cells are characterised by an extensive antigenic variability and resistance to apoptosis. The cells create around them a microenvironment which protects them from defensive activity of the host. In the paper we present the recognised mechanisms of anti-neoplastic defense as well as several elements allowing the solid tumours and leukaemias to escape from the immune surveillance. The generally accepted treatment of tumours aims at reducing numbers of tumour cells. Following resection of a tumour, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the parallel or consecutive stage of treatment was found to involve an increase in number of clones of immune system cells. One of the ways in which the immune system can be activated involves autovaccination of the host with own neoplastic cells in an apoptosis. However, attempts of such a therapy frequently brought no expected results due to blocked activity of cytotoxic cells. Therefore, the subsequent stage in activation of the immune system should involve elimination of the tumor-mobilized blockade of the system. Attempts toward this aim include neutralization of the tumour-blocked cytotoxic properties of defensive cells, first of all T lymphocytes. The recognized mechanisms of blocking T cells activity in the PD-1/PD-L1 system or due to inhibition of activation by CTLA-4 molecule provided rationale for development of effective tumour immunotherapy approaches.
Effective Display Advertising: Improving Engagement with Suitable Creative Formats
Authors: Bruce Norris I. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Online advertisers have the non-trivial job of jointly assessing the effects of banner ad design elements available in a large number of such formats. Our research found that animated formats are superior to static formats in most settings. It confirms that they can improve engagement, since they can generate higher recall, attract user attention, and create favorability for the advertised brand. Yet, static formats can still be effective when it comes to price ads and re-targeting. Most interestingly, we found that re-targeted ads are effective only if they offer price incentives. Another interesting finding is that the tactic of serving blanks – for instance, for page views from foreign countries – can distort simple measures of campaign effectiveness, such as click-through rates.
Drying Kinetics and Quality Attributes of Peach Cylinders as Affected by Osmotic Pretreatments and Infrared Radiation Drying
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Zhou Linyan , Bi Jinfeng , Liu Xuan , Lyu Jian , Chen Qinqin , Wu Xinye 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The effect of osmotic dehydration (OD) and ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration (ULOD) on drying kinetics and quality of peach cylinders by infrared radiation drying were investigated. The moisture state and redistribution after osmotic pretreatments and subsequent drying process were also studied by low field nuclear magnetic resonance. The water loss and solute gain increased with osmotic time, and ULOD could promote water transfer. The signal amplitude of free water and immobile water diminished and shifted to the left for samples pretreated by both ULOD and OD. The brightness in T2-weighted images appeared a declining trend with increasing osmotic time of ULOD and OD, indicating the moisture content reduced gradually. During dying process, the free water of all samples was removed completely after drying for 120 min. ULOD and OD could increase water activity and decrease shrinkage of samples. Long pretreatment of ULOD and OD improved the color of dried peach cylinders.
An Iterative Bézier Method for Fitting Beta-sheet Component of a Cryo-EM Density Map
Authors: Poteat Michael , He Jing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) is a powerful technique to produce 3-dimensional density maps for large molecular complexes. Although many atomic structures have been solved from cryo-EM density maps, it is challenging to derive atomic structures when the resolution of density maps is not sufficiently high. Geometrical shape representation of secondary structural components in a medium-resolution density map enhances modeling of atomic structures.We compare two methods in producing surface representation of the β-sheet component of a density map. Given a 3-dimensional volume of β-sheet that is segmented from a density map, the performance of a polynomial fitting was compared with that of an iterative Bézier fitting. The results suggest that the iterative Bézier fitting is more suitable for β-sheets, since it provides more accurate representation of the corners that are naturally twisted in a β-sheet.
The Impact of the Implementation of Edge Detection Methods on the Accuracy of Automatic Voltage Reading
Authors: Sidor Kamil , Szlachta Anna 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The article presents the impact of the edge detection method in the image analysis on the reading accuracy of the measured value. In order to ensure the automatic reading of the measured value by an analog meter, a standard webcam and the LabVIEW programme were applied. NI Vision Development tools were used. The Hough transform was used to detect the indicator. The programme output was compared during the application of several methods of edge detection. Those included: the Prewitt operator, the Roberts cross, the Sobel operator and the Canny edge detector. The image analysis was made for an analog meter indicator with the above-mentioned methods, and the results of that analysis were compared with each other and presented.