bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complete chloroplast genome of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae)
Authors: Shim Donghwan , Raveendar Sebastin , Lee Jung‐Ro , Lee Gi‐An , Ro Na‐Young , Jeon Young‐Ah , Cho Gyu‐Taek , Lee Ho‐Sun , Ma Kyung‐Ho , Chung Jong‐Wook 
Published: May 2016

Premise of the study:We report the complete sequence of the chloroplast genome of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae), a species of chili pepper.Methods and Results:Using an Illumina platform, we sequenced the chloroplast genome of C. frutescens. The total length of the genome is 156,817 bp, and the overall GC content is 37.7%. A pair of 25,792‐bp inverted repeats is separated by small (17,853 bp) and large (87,380 bp) single‐copy regions. The C. frutescens chloroplast genome encodes 132 unique genes, including 87 protein‐coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Of these, seven genes are duplicated in the inverted repeats and 12 genes contain one or two introns. Comparative analysis with the reference chloroplast genome revealed 125 simple sequence repeat motifs and 34 variants, mostly located in the noncoding regions.Conclusions:The complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. frutescens reported here is a valuable genetic resource for Capsicum species.
THE EXTENDED HALO OF CENTAURUS A: UNCOVERING SATELLITES, STREAMS, AND SUBSTRUCTURES*
Authors: Crnojević D. , Sand D. J. , Spekkens K. , Caldwell N. , Guhathakurta P. , McLeod B. , Seth A. , Simon J. D. , Strader J. , Toloba E. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the widest-field resolved stellar map to date of the closest (

Mpc) massive elliptical galaxy NGC 5128 (Centaurus A; Cen A), extending out to a projected galactocentric radius of ∼150 kpc. The data set is part of our ongoing Panoramic Imaging Survey of Centaurus and Sculptor (PISCeS) utilizing the Magellan/Megacam imager. We resolve a population of old red giant branch (RGB) stars down to ∼1.5 mag below the tip of the RGB, reaching surface brightness limits as low as

mag arcsec−2. The resulting spatial stellar density map highlights a plethora of previously unknown streams, shells, and satellites, including the first tidally disrupting dwarf around Cen A (CenA-MM-Dw3), which underline its active accretion history. We report 13 previously unknown dwarf satellite candidates, of which 9 are confirmed to be at the distance of Cen A (the remaining 4 are not resolved into stars), with magnitudes in the range

to −13.0, central surface brightness values of

mag arcsec−2, and half-light radii of

. These values are in line with Local Group dwarfs but also lie at the faint/diffuse end of their distribution; interestingly, CenA-MM-Dw3 has similar properties to the recently discovered ultradiffuse galaxies in Virgo and Coma. Most of the new dwarfs are fainter than the previously known Cen A satellites. The newly discovered dwarfs and halo substructures are discussed in light of their stellar populations, and they are compared to those discovered by the PAndAS survey of M31.
FORMATION AND PLASMA CIRCULATION OF SOLAR PROMINENCES
Authors: Xia C. , Keppens R. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Solar prominences are long-lived cool and dense plasma curtains in the hot and rarefied outer solar atmosphere or corona. The physical mechanism responsible for their formation and especially for their internal plasma circulation has been uncertain for decades. The observed ubiquitous downflows in quiescent prominences are difficult to interpret because plasma with high conductivity seems to move across horizontal magnetic field lines. Here we present three-dimensional numerical simulations of prominence formation and evolution in an elongated magnetic flux rope as a result of in situ plasma condensations fueled by continuous plasma evaporation from the solar chromosphere. The prominence is born and maintained in a fragmented, highly dynamic state with continuous reappearance of multiple blobs and thread structures that move mainly downward, dragging along mass-loaded field lines. The circulation of prominence plasma is characterized by the dynamic balance between the drainage of prominence plasma back to the chromosphere and the formation of prominence plasma via continuous condensation. Plasma evaporates from the chromosphere, condenses into the prominence in the corona, and drains back to the chromosphere, establishing a stable chromosphere–corona plasma cycle. Synthetic images of the modeled prominence with the Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly closely resemble actual observations, with many dynamical threads underlying an elliptical coronal cavity.
MAGELLAN AO SYSTEM z′, YS, AND L′ OBSERVATIONS OF THE VERY WIDE 650 AU HD 106906 PLANETARY SYSTEM*
Authors: Wu Ya-Lin , Close Laird M. , Bailey Vanessa P. , Rodigas Timothy J. , Males Jared R. , Morzinski Katie M. , Follette Katherine B. , Hinz Philip M. , Puglisi Alfio , Briguglio Runa , Xompero Marco 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyze archival data from Bailey and co-workers from the Magellan adaptive optics system and present the first 0.9 μm detection (z′ = 20.3 ± 0.4 mag; Δz′ = 13.0 ± 0.4 mag) of the 11 M
Jup circumbinary planet HD 106906AB b, as well as 1 and 3.8 μm detections of the debris disk around the binary. The disk has an east–west asymmetry in length and surface brightness, especially at 3.8 μm where the disk appears to be one-sided. The spectral energy distribution of b, when scaled to the K

S
-band photometry, is consistent with 1800 K atmospheric models without significant dust reddening, unlike some young, very red, low-mass companions such as CT Cha B and 1RXS 1609 B. Therefore, the suggested circumplanetary disk of Kalas and co-workers might not contain much material, or might be closer to face-on. Finally, we suggest that the widest (a ≳ 100 AU) low mass ratio (M
p/M
⋆ ≡ q ≲ 0.01) companions may have formed inside protoplanetary disks but were later scattered by binary/planet interactions. Such a scattering event may have occurred for HD 106906AB b with its central binary star, but definitive proof at this time is elusive.
Théorie de la dominance économique et flux intra- et inter-territoriaux de connaissances technologiques
Authors: Lebert Didier 
Published: May 2016

Cet article a pour objectif d’appréhender les flux intra- et interterritoriaux de connaissances technologiques par le biais de la théorie de la dominance économique. Des indicateurs structuraux de dépendance, d’interdépendance et d’autarcie territoriale ainsi que de centralité de cohésion sont présentés et appliqués à la base de données de citations de brevets tenue à jour par le NBER pour le marché américain des technologies. L’approche duale est également envisagée : celle des relations structurales entre technologies, qui permet de localiser les sources de l’innovation technologique sur ce marché. Codes JEL : O32, R11
Les symbioses industrielles : un nouveau champ d’analyse pour l’économie industrielle
Authors: Diemer Arnaud 
Published: May 2016

Si la symbiose industrielle peut se définir comme un engagement de firmes indépendantes dans une logique collective visant à tirer avantage des échanges de flux de matières et d’énergies, elle se présente également comme un nouveau champ d’analyse pour l’économie industrielle. La question environnementale, et plus précisément l’écologie industrielle, constituerait ainsi une nouvelle étape dans le processus évolutif de l’économie industrielle. Mobilisant de nouveaux courants de pensée (théorie des conventions, théorie des parties prenantes, districts industriels) et de nouvelles questions empiriques (étude du métabolisme industriel, valorisation des déchets, économie circulaire), l’écologie industrielle préfigure l’étude du changement tant annoncée pour l’économie industrielle Codes JEL : L11, L22, L25, P12, P23, Q57
Prediction of the Risk for Essential Hypertension among Carriers of C825T Genetic Polymorphism of G Protein β3 (GNB3) Gene
Authors: Hemimi Neveen Salah El Din , Mansour Amal A. , Abdelsalam Mona Mohamed 
Published: May 2016

Background The guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta polypeptide 3 (GNB3) 825T allele encodes a product that enhances the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, which is associated with the occurrence of the splice variant Gβ3 s that could play a role in vascular reactivity and hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells, that makes such proteins attractive candidate gene products for susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH). Objective To predict the risk for EH in individuals with C825T genetic polymorphism of G protein β3 gene. Methods The study consisted of 222 normotensive individuals and 216 hypertensive patients. Individuals were genotyped for C825T genetic polymorphism of G protein β3 gene rs5443 by using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results Frequencies of C and T alleles were 58.1% and 41.9%, respectively, in the control group compared with 47.7% and 52.3%, respectively, in the hypertensive group. The carriers of rs5443 (T) allele exhibited a significant greater risk for EH compared with the carriers of rs5443 (C) allele (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–2.0). Conclusion T allele is a risk factor for EH in the Egyptian population, which may be used as a prognostic and a therapeutic target of prophylaxis.
Novel Symplectic Discrete Singular Convolution Method for Hamiltonian PDEs
Authors: Cai Wenjun , Zhang Huai , Wang Yushun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the discrete singular convolution method for Hamiltonian PDEs. The differential matrices corresponding to two delta type kernels of the discrete singular convolution are presented analytically, which have the properties of high-order accuracy, bandlimited structure and thus can be excellent candidates for the spatial discretizations for Hamiltonian PDEs. Taking the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the coupled Schrödinger equations for example, we construct two symplectic integrators combining this kind of differential matrices and appropriate symplectic time integrations, which both have been proved to satisfy the square conservation laws. Comprehensive numerical experiments including comparisons with the central finite difference method, the Fourier pseudospectral method, the wavelet collocation method are given to show the advantages of the new type of symplectic integrators.
What is Known about Corpus Callosum Prenatally?
Authors: Merz E 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The corpus callosum is the main commissure of the fetal brain and can be displayed with two-dimensional (2D) and threedimensional (3D) ultrasound. However, only 3D ultrasound provides the operator with the possibility to adjust the three orthogonal planes of the brain in that way that the entire corpus callosum is shown precisely in the median plane.
The aim of this article is to provide the most recent information on the assessment of the fetal corpus callosum by means of 3D ultrasound. Different topics are highlighted, such as advantage of 3D ultrasound over 2D ultrasound, indications for displaying the fetal corpus callosum, demonstration of the normal and abnormal corpus callosum and biometric measurements of the fetal corpus callosum by 3D ultrasound. Furthermore the question is raised whether fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can give additional information to the 3D ultrasound examination and whether the diagnosis resulting from 3D neurosonography gives us the chance for a better counseling of parents who are confronted with the diagnosis of a fetal corpus callosum pathology.

How to cite this article
Merz E, Pashaj S. What is Known about Corpus Callosum Prenatally? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):163-169.
Crop-specific seasonal estimates of irrigation-water demand in South Asia
Authors: Biemans Hester , Siderius Christian , Mishra Ashok , Ahmad Bashir 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Especially in the Himalayan headwaters of the main rivers in South Asia, shifts in runoff are expected as a result of a rapidly changing climate. In recent years, our insight into these shifts and their impact on water availability has increased. However, a similar detailed understanding of the seasonal pattern in water demand is surprisingly absent. This hampers a proper assessment of water stress and ways to cope and adapt. In this study, the seasonal pattern of irrigation-water demand resulting from the typical practice of multiple cropping in South Asia was accounted for by introducing double cropping with monsoon-dependent planting dates in a hydrology and vegetation model. Crop yields were calibrated to the latest state-level statistics of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The improvements in seasonal land use and cropping periods lead to lower estimates of irrigation-water demand compared to previous model-based studies, despite the net irrigated area being higher. Crop irrigation-water demand differs sharply between seasons and regions; in Pakistan, winter (rabi) and monsoon summer (kharif) irrigation demands are almost equal, whereas in Bangladesh the rabi demand is  ∼  100 times higher. Moreover, the relative importance of irrigation supply versus rain decreases sharply from west to east. Given the size and importance of South Asia improved regional estimates of food production and its irrigation-water demand will also affect global estimates. In models used for global water resources and food-security assessments, processes like multiple cropping and monsoon-dependent planting dates should not be ignored.
Decreased Hyaluronan Concentration during Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Kaprinis Konstantinos , Symeonidis Chrysanthos , Papakonstantinou Eleni , Tsinopoulos Ioannis , Dimitrakos Stavros A. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose To evaluate the concentration and molecular weight of hyaluronan (HA) polysaccharides as well as hyaluronidase activity in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods Twenty vitreous samples from 20 patients with RRD and 19 samples from 19 patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane, macular hole, or vitreomacular traction syndrome were collected during surgical management with pars plana vitrectomy. The molecular weight of various HA fragments was assessed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed for the measurement of HA (in μg/mL). Hyaluronidase activity was evaluated using substrate (HA) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the vitreous of the control group contained HA of high molecular mass, in contrast with the patient group. Mean HA concentration in the patient group was 50.96 μg/mL and differed significantly from that of the control group, which was 271.81 μg/mL (p<0.0005). Hyaluronidase activity was significantly higher in the vitreous of patients with RRD (p = 0.037). Conclusions The vitreous of patients with RRD is characterized by decreased HA concentration compared to controls of the same age and sex and shows higher hyaluronidase catalytic activity. Hyaluronan degradation could be associated with specific vitreous alterations that potentially contribute to retinal break formation and consequently detachment.
Predictors of Unsuccessful Outcome in Cemented Femoral Revisions Using Bone Impaction Grafting; Cox Regression Analysis of 208 Cases
Authors: te Stroet Martijn A.J. , Rijnen Wim H.C. , Gardeniers Jean W.M. , Schreurs B. Willem , Hannink Gerjon 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Despite improvements in the technique of femoral impaction bone grafting, reconstruction failures still can occur. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine risk factors for the endpoint re-revision for any reason. Methods We used prospectively collected demographic, clinical and surgical data of all 202 patients who underwent 208 femoral revisions using the X-change Femoral Revision System (Stryker-Howmedica), fresh-frozen morcellised allograft and a cemented polished Exeter stem in our department from 1991 to 2007. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify potential factors associated with re-revision. Results The mean follow-up was 10.6 (5-21) years. The cumulative re-revision rate was 6.3% (13/208). After univariable selection, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, type of removed femoral component, and mesh used for reconstruction were included in multivariable regression analysis. In the multivariable analysis, BMI was the only factor that was significantly associated with the risk of re-revision after bone impaction grafting (BMI ≥30 vs. BMI <30, HR = 6.54 [95% CI 1.89-22.65]; p = 0.003). Conclusions BMI was the only factor associated with the risk of re-revision for any reason. Besides BMI also other factors, such as Endoklinik score and the type of removed femoral component, can provide guidance in the process of preclinical decision making. With the knowledge obtained from this study, pre-operative patient selection, informed consent, and treatment protocols can be better adjusted to the individual patient who needs to undergo a femoral revision with impaction bone grafting.
Functional Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Aged 30 Years or Less: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Walker Roland P. , Gee Matthew , Wong Fabian , Shah Zameer , George Marc , Bankes Marcus J.K. , Ajuied Adil 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Young adult hip surgery is a growing subspecialty. Increasingly total hip arthroplasty (THA) is offered to patients aged 30 or less suffering from end-stage hip arthropathy from a variety of congenital, developmental and acquired conditions. There is a paucity of evidence to advise such patients and surgeons alike on the functional outcomes of THA in this age group, as individual studies tend to include small cohorts. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess whether THA in patients aged 30 years or less provides significant functional improvement. The primary outcome measure was change in Harris Hip Score. Secondary outcome measures were implant survivorship and the effect of fixation type and bearing surface. Results The results of 743 primary THA procedures were included. Weighted mean patient age was 22.7 years. Harris Hip Score improved by a weighted mean difference of 42.17 points out of 100 (95% confidence interval, 36.48-47.86 points, p<0.001) after THA at a weighted mean follow-up of 8.4 years. Pooled revision rate was 5.0% for the same time period. Conclusions This is the largest review to date of THA in patients aged 30 or less. The results show significant functional improvement measured by Harris Hip Score. The revision rate of 5% at 8.4 years is comparable to the general THA population. This contrasts high revision rates reported in older reviews of the literature, suggesting adoption of improved techniques and implants in the more recent literature.
Infiltrative Therapy as Conservative Treatment in HIP Osteoarthritis: A Literature Review
Authors: Rani Nicola , Sabbioni Giacomo , Mazzotta Alessandro , Rocchi Martina , Stagni Cesare , Filanti Mattia , Dallari Dante 
Published: May 2016

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a very common disease, its prevalence increases with age and is a frequent cause of disability. Osteoarthritis is characterised by joint pain, stiffness and loss of range of motion. Overall, as many as 40% of those aged over 65 years in the community may have symptomatic OA of the knee or hip ( 1 ). OA results from a complex interaction of biomechanical and biochemical factors and is characterised by cartilage disruption and hypertrophy of bone. Intraarticular proinflammatory cytokines and proteinases in OA interfere with the synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA), a complex glycosaminoglycan composed of repeated disaccharide units to form a linear polymer, resulting in an HA with a significantly reduced molecular weight and a reduction in synovial fluid viscoelasticity ( 2 - 3 ). Loss of normal characteristics of HA leads to the degradation of the articular cartilage and the disruption of the mechanical and homeostasis of the joint. Several pharmaceutical approaches, such as analgesics, non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, COX-2 inhibitors and steroids, have been proposed ( 4 ), with the aim of reducing pain and maintaining and/or improving joint function. However, none of these options has shown to delay the progression of osteoarthritis or reverse joint damage. Infiltrative hip therapy involves injecting into the joint the drugs or medicinal substances that are used primarily to control the symptoms of the disease, such as pain and functional limitation. The aim of this review is to analyse existing infiltrative alternatives for hip osteoarthritis, and describe our experience.
The Role of Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Groin Pain after Total HIP Arthroplasty: Our Experience
Authors: Filanti Mattia , Carubbi Chiara , Del Piccolo Nicolandrea , Rani Nicola , Mazzotta Alessandro , Dallari Dante 
Published: May 2016

Aim The purpose of the study was to present our arthroscopic surgical technique and the results in patient with pain after a hip replacement. Methods Between November 2009 and September 2011, 35 patients with groin pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA) were treated arthroscopically. The patients underwent a preoperative examination consisting in careful history, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, diagnostic evaluation using x-rays and pelvis CT scans. In patients for whom the clinical picture suggested iliopsoas tendonitis, we also performed injection of local anaesthetic on the iliopsoas tendon sheath. All the patients were positioned in the supine decubitus position with traction applied, using 2 arthroscopic portals (AL, MID-A). An extensive debridement of adhesions, periprosthetic tissue and neocapsula were performed; when there were signs of iliopsoas impingement, a transcapsular tenotomy was performed according to Wettstein technique. Results The average age was 57 (29-77) years old. The average time to onset of symptoms was 10.8 (5-15) months after THA. The average preoperative Harris Hip Score (HHS) was 44.1 (range 32-56). The average preoperative Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for muscle strenght was 3.27 (range 3-4). After 24 months of follow-up patients show an average HHS of 75.73 (range 50-91). Patients who underwent iliopsoas release show a postoperative HHS of 83.28 (range 61-91). The average postoperative MRC scale was 4.45. Conclusions Hip arthroscopy in treatment of reactive synovitis and adhesions shows good results according to literature. Hip arthroscopy in treatment of anterior iliopsoas impingement is the most useful instrument, being less invasive than the classic open technique.