bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive cross-border declaration system as money-laundering prevention mechanism
Authors: Zolkaflil Salwa , Omar Normah , Syed Mustapha Nazri Sharifah Nazatul Faiza 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This study aims to discuss the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Special Recommendation IX (SR IX) and the importance of complying with the recommendation, which focuses on cross-border declaration or disclosure with the objective to detect and prevent illicit cross-border transportation of cash and bearer negotiable instruments (BNIs). This study also looks into compliance ratings of Asia Pacific Group (APG) 40 countries on the FATF SR IX.

Design/methodology/approach
This study reviews the mutual evaluation reports issued by APG on money laundering from 2006 to 2012. Based on the mutual evaluation reports, this study also looks into recommendations and comments given by respective panels. The compliance ratings together with panel’s recommendations and comments compiled in this study will be helpful to relevant authorities for future improvement.

Findings
Complying to FATF SR IX helps relevant authorities in detecting and preventing illicit from cross-border transportation of cash and BNIs. Out of 40, only two countries received compliant rating, which shows the need of improvement to ensure that the country is compliant on FATF SR IX.

Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to the panel’s reviews and recommendations on mutual evaluation report and only focuses on FATF SR IX.

Originality/value
This paper analyzes the compliance characteristics of countries based on their FATF mutual evaluation report. It highlights the comments and recommendation for future improvement to ensure that these countries will comply with FATF SR IX.
Designated non-financial businesses and professions
Authors: Newbury Michael 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight vulnerabilities in Australia’s anti-money laundering/counter-terrorism financing (AML/CTF) regime through Australia’s non-compliance with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations on the regulation of designated non-financial businesses and professions (DNFBPs). It is intended that through examination of the justifications for and against AML/CTF regulation of DNFBPs, the paper will provide support for the position that Australia’s AML/CTF regime should incorporate regulation of DNFBPs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents findings from research conducted in 2015 that focused on some of the principal arguments for and against the extension of Australia’s AML/CTF regime to DNFBPs. Review and consideration of the merits of these arguments is undertaken to support the conclusion that AML/CTF regulation should be extended to DNFBPs, in line with the FATF recommendations.FindingsThe current exemption of many DNFBPs from AML/CTF regulation perpetuates vulnerabilities within Australia’s AML/CTF regime; until this is addressed, criminals will continue to exploit these vulnerabilities and the regulated AML/CTF sector will continue to shoulder an unfair burden of Australia’s AML/CTF response.Practical implicationsThis paper provides an objective assessment of factors for and against the regulation of DNFBPs in Australia. It may be of value to government policymakers, regulators, financial institutions and DNFBPs.Originality/valueThis paper complements existing research on this subject and provides a specific focus on some of the main arguments for and against the extension of Australia’s AML/CTF regime to specific DNFBPs.
IS – LM model revisited in the perspective of underground economy
Authors: Roy Debasish 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the investment-savings, liquidity-money (IS–LM) model used in the traditional macroeconomic theory as an important tool to analyze the dynamics of product and money market. The IS curve represents product market equilibrium condition and the LM curve represents money market equilibrium condition. However, the traditional IS–LM model was formulated mainly keeping in mind the dynamics of the product and money markets of developed economies. Thus, there was an urgent need to explore the pre-established IS–LM model in the light of existing enormous, illicit underground economies prevalent all around the world.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, an exploratory attempt has been made to review the IS–LM model in the light of various illicit practices and by incorporating some assumptions that are relevant to this discussion. In this model, ISil curve could be defined as a locus of points each representing a combination of evaded tax and output of the illicit economy that will keep the illicit economy in equilibrium and, the LMil curve could be defined as a locus of points each representing a combination of illicit supply of money and output of the illicit economy that will keep the illicit economy in equilibrium.

Findings
This paper is aimed at analyzing the traditional IS–LM model from a different perspective, namely, the pervasive underground economy thriving all around the world regardless of the stages of growth and development. A sincere attempt has been made to keep the assumptions simple and closest to the real-world scenario as well as pertinent to the logic of economic theory. In this paper, two major factors of illicit practices, i.e. tax evasion and bribery, are given prime importance and the discussion is focused on those two factors of corruption.

Originality/value
This paper has been prepared keeping in view the standard technical procedures and findings that are described in the relevant academic materials like textbooks and journal publications (mentioned under the “References” column). The analysis and findings appearing in the article are based on logical explanations and are completely free from plagiarism.
Data mining in anti-money laundering field
Authors: Yasaka Noriaki 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This report aims to focus on how suspicious transaction report is created with data mining methods and used from the point of view of knowledge management.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper considers data mining versus knowledge management in the anti-money laundering (AML) field.

Findings
In the AML field, the information and knowledge gained are not necessarily used for or shared with the related shareholders. Creating and co-evolving the network of “knowledge professionals” is the impending assignment in this industry. The first and most important task is knowledge management in the global AML field.

Originality/value
The report considers the creation with data mining methods and utilization from the point of view of knowledge management.
Is the third Greek Memoranda of Understanding and Loan Agreement of August 2015 odious?
Authors: Repousis Spyridon 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the odious debt concept in Greece. In Greece, the odious debt concept received high attention during recent financial crisis and Greek or Hellenic Parliament decided to establish a Special Committee.

Design/methodology/approach
The Greek Parliament Truth Committee on Public Debt investigated the public debt in Greece, and the main findings are: increase of debt was related to the growth in interest payments, high public spending in defence expenditures associated with corruption scandals, falsification of public deficit and debt statistical data and illicit capital outflows and adopting the euro led to a drastic increase in private debt.

Findings
Based on above the third Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) and the August 2015 loan agreement, according to Greek Parliament Truth Committee on Public Debt are illegal, illegitimate and odious because they fail to recognize the odious character of Greece’s existing debt, and the nature of the instruments by which this debt was financed from 2010 until early 2015. The Third MoU and the August 2015 loan agreement violate the fundamental human rights of the Greek people (both civil and political as well as socio-economic rights) as set out in the Greek Constitution and under international law (treaty-based and customary).

Research limitations/implications
On the other side of results, Greece was a democratic regime during the time it contracted the vast majority of its loans and membership into the Eurozone, which benefitted country by gaining the highly low interest rates that euro currency involved. Also, substantial borrowing for Greece spent directly on the people via social welfare and public sector wages and infrastructure development.

Practical implications
Therefore, Greece, instead of the odious debt doctrine, should resort to other debt solutions such as simple debt repayment, restructuring or “haircut” of the debt (principal and interest) or declare bankruptcy without invoking the odious debt doctrine. Although this recourse avoids the dangerous precedent-setting risks of the odious debt doctrine, it also involves numerous other complexities and policy problems because with default, the banking system would collapse.

Originality/value
It is the first study examining the topic of odious public debt in Greece.
The SEC provides new custody rule guidance to investment advisers
Authors: Wirig Matthew T. , Poorbaugh Kate S. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
To summarize guidance from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Division of Investment Management regarding Rule 206(4)-2 (the “Custody Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

Design/methodology/approach
This article summarizes the SEC’s guidance on “inadvertent custody” created by broad authority in custodial agreements, custody created by standing letters of instruction, and adviser authority to transfer funds or securities between two or more of a client's accounts.

Findings
This article concludes that firms should review their existing client custodial agreements, standing letters of instruction and other arrangements carefully to determine whether they have custody and whether additional action is necessary.

Originality/value
This article contains information on the Custody Rule and related SEC guidance from experienced securities and financial services regulatory lawyers.
CFTC adopts amendments to position limit aggregation rules
Authors: Bruynes J.P. , Daniel Jason , Walker Libbie 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
To explain the final position limit aggregation rules and exemptions pertaining to derivative positions in nine agricultural commodities adopted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission on December 5, 2016 and effective February 14, 2017, the notice filing deadline with respect to which was extended by the CFTC by limited time no-action relief until August 14, 2017.

Design/methodology/approach
Explains the position limit aggregation rules and exemptions pertaining to equity interests in owned entities, ownership or equity interests in pooled accounts or positions, positions of an “eligible entity” in connection with client positions carried by an “independent account controller,” positions held by futures commission merchants (FCMs) in discretionary accounts or customer trading program accounts, equity interests of underwriters based on unsold allotments of securities in distributions, broker-dealers if the equity interest is acquired in the normal course of business and positions for which information cannot be collected without risk of violating a law.

Findings
Unless an exemption from aggregation is available, all positions in accounts for which any person controls the trading or holds a 10 per cent or greater ownership or equity interest must be aggregated with positions held, and trading done, by such person. The final rule adds several new exemptions, including for persons with a 10 per cent or greater ownership or equity interest in an entity so long as certain conditions establishing independence are met. The final rule requires notice filing to take advantage of most exemptions from aggregation.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced lawyers specializing in securities, funds, and investment management.
Shadow banking regime: assessment of investment funds
Authors: Prorokowski Lukas 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
To explain the shadow banking regime that will be enforced in the European Union by local regulators starting in January 2017.

Design/methodology/approach
Recognising the regulatory-induced difficulties in the process of identifying certain types of clients (investment funds) as shadow banking entities, this article provides a decision tree for the shadow banking classification process in order to aid the impacted institutions with the assessment of their clients. With this in mind, the article advises the impacted institutions on the specific steps that should be taken when assessing investment funds for shadow banking flags. Furthermore, the article provides insights into the information required to conduct the shadow banking classification process.

Findings
The regime requires the impacted institutions to assess their clients for shadow banking flags in order to impose limits on credit lines to clients classified as shadow banking entities. The US regulatory jurisdiction will be impacted over a longer term.

Originality/value
The recommendations in this article will be especially useful for investment funds to ensure that the relevant information is clearly stated in their prospectuses in order to avoid being classified as shadow banking entities.
OCIE to investment advisers: focus on these five problem areas
Authors: Peltz Brynn D. , Nissan Ilan S. , Rabinowitz Evyn W. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
To explain a Risk Alert published on February 7, 2017 published by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations (OCIE) describing the five compliance topics most frequently identified in deficiency letters sent to investment advisers after the completion of an OCIE examination.

Design/methodology/approach
Discusses deficiencies noted by the OCIE relating to the Compliance Rule, required regulatory filings, the Custody Rule, the Code of Ethics Rule, and the Books and Records Rule.

Findings
The OCIE published the Risk Alert with its noted deficiencies only one month after releasing its exam priorities for the year.

Practical implications
All investment advisers should consider reviewing their compliance practices, policies and procedures in light of the deficiencies and weaknesses identified in the SEC Risk Alert.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced lawyers specializing in asset and funds management.
Pay to play violations: an SEC focus
Authors: Van Grover Robert 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
To explain and analyze the SEC’s January 17, 2017 announcement of settlements with ten investment advisory firms related to charges that those firms violated Rule 206(4)-5, known as the “Pay-to-Play Rule,” of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

Design/methodology/approach
Explains the Pay-to-Play Rule, its applicability to investment advisers, the de minimis and returned contribution exceptions, and the Rule violations cited by the SEC, and draws conclusions for the benefit of registered investment advisers and exempt reporting advisers.

Findings
The settlement included censures, civil money penalties, and recovery of compensation earned for firms’ failure to abide by the Rule, most often involving relatively small contributions by single covered individuals.

Practical implications
In light of these settlements, registered investment advisers and exempt reporting advisers may wish to review the adequacy of their policies and procedures with respect to the Pay-to-Play Rule and the effectiveness of their implementation.

Originality/value
Practical analysis and guidance from an experienced lawyer with a specialty in investment management.
Organizational culture differences and post-acquisition performance
Authors: Savović Slađana 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine the impact of organizational culture differences on post-acquisition performance, and second, to provide deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which the impact occurs introducing into the analysis the mediating effect of employee attitudes.Design/methodology/approachThe sample is based on domestic and international acquisitions in Serbia carried out during the period 2002-2011. Linear regression models were fitted according to Baron and Kenny procedures for mediation analysis. Statistical significance of the indirect or mediated effect is calculated by using the bootstrap test.FindingsThe results show that organizational culture differences positively impact post-acquisition performance. Moreover, employee attitudes are found to be a partial mediator of the relationship between culture differences and post-acquisition performance.Practical implicationsThe presented results are especially useful for managers involved in the processes of acquisitions indicating that culture differences, if properly understood and managed, can be a source of value creation. Further, the results of the analysis indicate that managers must monitor and evaluate employee attitudes towards changes and help employees to face the challenges of change, thereby contributing the improvement of post-acquisition performance.Originality/valuePrevious research of organizational culture differences in transitional economies is limited, and this study is the first empirical investigation of the impact of organizational culture differences on post-acquisition performance in Serbia. This paper aids researchers and practitioners to identify the specific cultural challenges in the context of transitional economies.
A multi-level study of servant leadership on creativity
Authors: Yang Jin , Liu Hefu , Gu Jibao 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the influencing mechanism of servant leadership on employee and team creativity based on efficacy theory. Specifically, the study intends to develop a model of efficacy beliefs that mediates the relationships between servant leadership, employee creativity, and team creativity at different levels. The study also aims to investigate the moderating effects of team power distance on the relationships between servant leadership, creative self-efficacy, and team efficacy at both individual and team levels.Design/methodology/approachServant leadership, employee creativity, creative self-efficacy, team creativity, team efficacy, and team power distance were assessed in an empirical study based on a sample of 466 employees and 83 team leaders from 11 banks in China.FindingsFrom efficacy theory perspective, this paper finds that servant leadership promotes employee creative self-efficacy and team efficacy, which enables the simultaneous promotion of employee creativity and team creativity. Team power distance also moderates the relationship between servant leadership and team efficacy.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that it is important to encourage managers to engage in servant leader behaviors, which is conductive to enhancing employees’ self-efficacy beliefs and thereby improving creative outcomes of employees. The results are also helpful for managers to enhance their understanding of the differences in cultural values in management behavior and the effects of behavior on team efficacy.Originality/valueThe research findings provide a significant contribution to the literature in that it shows self-efficacy as a crucial mediating mechanism through which servant leadership influences creativity at individual and team levels. Moreover, the findings support the view that power distance is an important contextual factor that affects the influencing mechanism of servant leadership on team creativity. Furthermore, this paper is one of the few studies answering the call to examine the effect of leadership at multiple levels.
Assessing the influence of leadership style, organizational learning and organizational innovation
Authors: Liao Shu-Hsien , Chen Chih-Chiang , Hu Da-Chian , Chung Yu-Chun , Liu Chiu-Ling 
Published: May 2017

PurposeBased on literature development, the purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework and the theoretical model in order to examine the influence of leadership, organizational learning (OL), and organizational innovation (OI) in Taiwan’s financial and information technology industries.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling is employed to evaluate the degree of influence each variable has on the others and whether their relationships differ in different industry. This study investigates a selection of firms from the top 100 financial and the top 1,000 high-technology enterprises in Taiwan in 2012 as the population. A total of 377 valid responses were collected from 2012 to 2013.FindingsThe research results indicate that OL acts as a full mediator between leadership and OI. Furthermore, industry type has moderating effect in the proposed research model.Originality/valueThus, considering appropriate leadership styles through learning to innovate might be a well leadership model to be further considered by different industries in the global countries.
Providing therapeutic community initiatives for individuals on opioid substitution treatment
Authors: Stubley Carolyn , Popple Garth 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Developing therapeutic community (TC) programs in Australia for individuals on opioid substitution treatment (OST) has been a process spanning 16 years for the We Help Ourselves (WHOS) organization. Supported reduction of OST and stabilization services for those remaining on OST are offered to this population and continue to break down barriers of discrimination in offering the same services to all drug using populations. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
A number of research projects have been undertaken with the WHOS Opioid Treatment Program (OTP) TC services profiling clients accessing the services; looking at health benefits whilst in the programs; looking at retention and completion rates and conducting an evaluation post-treatment for one of the two programs currently being offered.

Findings
The excerpts from the research findings are presented identifying the complexity of individuals accessing WHOS services; highlighting the benefits for individuals on OST and assessing the effectiveness of the TC model for the client groups.

Originality/value
Working with multiple complex needs clients on OST in a residential TC environment offers many challenges and opportunity to work with an array of issues that present before during and after the residential stay. Provision of a history and overview of the WHOS OTP TC services and recent enhancements to these programs highlight a continuum of care for the individual on OST.