bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minorités, migrations et expérience ethnopolitique en Bulgarie
Authors: Njagulov Blagovest 
Published: January 2018

Les multiples minorités qui résident sur le territoire bulgare ne posent pas de problèmes particuliers. Au cours de son histoire, l'État bulgare a adopté, envers ses minorités, une politique qui a oscillé entre tolérance et contrôle accru. Aujourd'hui, la politique clairement multiculturaliste est celle d'un véritable État démocratique. Cependant, les attaques de plus en plus vives envers le Mouvement des droits et des libertés -accusé d'être une "corporation ethnique" turque -tendent à montrer que tout ne se fait pas sans heurt. L'émergence du parti xénophobe et nationaliste
Ataka en est la manifestation la plus visible.
Dissolution spécifique à la périphérie des Grands Causses français
Authors: Maurin Yves 
Published: January 2018

This paper deals with the results of the specific erosion evident on the carbonate formations, on the western border of the Great Causses of France : Can de l'Hospitalet, Can de Tardonenche, le Lempezou, Causse des Bonbons, Valdonnez basin.
The results are obtained form the hydrochemical measurements taken form the hydrological cycles of 1982-1983. These results are then compared with those of other local and regional karsts. They show that there is marked erosion, linked to a well developped endokarst. This situation contrasts with a deficiency of exokarstic pheno¬ mena.
La karstification de l'île haute carbonatée de Makatea (Polynésie française) et les cycles eustatiques et climatiques quaternaires
Authors: Dessay Jack , Pouchan Pierre , Girou André , Humbert Louis , Malézieux Jean-marie 
Published: January 2018

Située sur la bordure nord-ouest de l'archipel des Tuamotu (Polynésie Française), à 245 km au nord-est de Tahiti, par 148°15' de longitude ouest et 15°50' de latitude sud, Makatea constitue une île haute carbonatée soulevée. Elle se distingue par sa surface supérieure à la morphologie karstique très irrégulière mise en évidence à la suite de l'exploita¬ tion de la couverture phosphatée. Les traces d'anciens rivages observées à j la périphérie de l'île de Makatea permettent de reconnaître les variations du niveau marin enregistrées depuis le début de l'émersion de l'île actuelle, il y a environ -2 millions d'années, jusqu'à nos jours. L'analyse chronologique de ces paléorivages permet de proposer des épisodes climatiques et eustatiques propices à la dissolution et à la karstification des formations carbonatées.
Ainsi, la karstification des formations de l'île de Makatea est-elle caractérisée par une dissolution à composante principalement verticale qui a pour origine la superposition de plusieurs cycles. Chaque cycle est constitué, d'abord par une mise en solution des carbonates lors d'une période interglaciaire quaternaire, puis par l'évacuation des solutions saturées au cours de la régression associée à la période glaciaire consécutive.
Compte tenu des données dont on dispose à ce jour, le processus envisagé pour la formation des phosphates insulaires s'intègre dans ce schéma d'évolution et a pu contribuer à la karstification de l'île de Makatea. Ainsi, la morphologie particulière du karst de Makatea aurait pour origine la dissolution des formations carbonatées sous l'action de l'acide phosphorique libéré lors de l'évolution des dépôts phosphatés au cours des périodes interglaciaires quaternaires.
The Bird of Jove and the Identity of the Stella Miluus (Ov. Fast. III, 793-808)
Authors: Lewis Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2018

Cet article soutient que l’étoile (stella) dans Ovide, Fast. III, 793-808 est Altair (Aquilae). Il est possible qu’Ovide ait décrit Altair au moyen du participe mulcens
au lieu du nom Miluus. Cette nouvelle identification est compatible avec le récit de l’oiseau qui est raconté par Ovide en rapport avec la stella. Elle est conciliable avec la scansion et l’orthographe dans les deux versets où le mot apparaît et elle reflète l’attention que porte Ovide à la précision astronomique dans le poème.
Lauacrum: just another word for baths? How the terminology of baths may have reflected changes in bathing habits
Authors: Maréchal Sadi 
Published: January 2018

Le mot lauacrum a été interprété de manière différente, mais n’a jamais été le sujet d’une étude approfondie. Le terme semble surgir à partir du 2ème s. apr. J. C. comme un néologisme pour exprimer «l’acte de se submerger dans l’eau d’un bain » ou l’endroit où se déroule cette action, c’est-à-dire les bains ou la piscine. Comme le mot
thermae est apparu au 1er s. apr. J. C. pour désigner un nouveau type de bains et les nouvelles coutumes balnéaires, l’auteur propose que le mot lauacrum a été introduit pour indiquer un changement dans les coutumes des baigneurs. En combinant les indices littéraires, juridiques, épigraphiques et archéologiques du terme lauacrum,
il est argumenté que le mot désignait la mode de se baigner dans des petits bassins, éventuellement suivie d’une submersion dans les grandes piscines collectives. Cet acte individuel a peut-être remplacé l’habitude de se laver autour du labrum. Le type de petit bassin utilisé à une telle fin aurait pu influencer la forme et la terminologie des fonts baptismaux chrétiens.
Un ancêtre pérenne pour dire une identité multiple
Authors: Boudart Laurence , Quaghebeur Marc 
Published: January 2018

A Perennial Ancestor with Multiple Identities.
Unlike Charles the Bold or Charles V, the figure of Charlemagne does not constitute a common theme in francophone Belgian literary imagination. On the other hand, it does appear forcefully in a manner that could be described as cultural and transversal, at the time of the Nazi occupation and its atrocities. It represents a figure that also has its share in the imagination of the occupier. In the writings of Herman Closson, Pierre Nothomb or Oscar-Paul Gilbert, it takes on, on the one hand, more “ Belgian”, on the other, more “ European”, and finally, more “ Belgo-French” connotations.
La période carolingienne au travers des recherches archéologiques en Belgique du XIXe siècle à nos jours
Authors: Chantinne Frédéric , Mignot Philippe 
Published: January 2018

The Carolingian Period as Seen Through Archaeological Research in Belgium, from the 19th Century Onwards.
Far from claiming to provide an exhaustive inventory of archaeological discoveries on the Carolingian period, we discuss the major milestones of archaeological research in Belgium since the mid-19th century. Archaeologists have long considered this period not to be part of their domain. Since the 1980s, with the implementation of preventive archaeology on open spaces over large areas, archaeologists have been able to collect data that now enable us to sketch the living environment of a dynamic society, both rural and urban.
New Honores for a Region Transformed : the Patriciate in Post- Roman Gaul
Authors: Fox Yaniv 
Published: January 2018

Nieuwe honores voor een regio in volle verandering. Het patriciaat in post-Romeins Gallië.
Dit artikel onderzoekt de ontwikkeling van de functie van patricius in Burgondië en de Provence, vanaf de ontbinding van het Romeinse gezag en de vorming van het Burgondisch koninkrijk, over de Merovingische periode, tot de opkomst van de Karolingers. Het patriciaat was emblematisch voor de romanitas in de Zuid-Gallische cultuur, maar het weerspiegelde eveneens de vernieuwingen die kenmerkend waren voor de overgang naar de barbaarse orde. De patriciërs waren veel meer dan gewone titularissen van een functie ; ze waren zowel ambtenaren die een essentiële rol speelden en de broze raderwerken van de regering beheersten, als grensfiguren die een quasi autonome macht uitoefenden in de “ grijze zones” van het Merovingisch gezag. De metamorfose van deze functie van een eervolle titel die enkel werd verleend aan koningen, naar een graad toegekend aan burgerlijke gouverneurs, en ten slotte naar een titel verbonden aan een militair bevelhebberschap, is revelerend voor de veranderingen die Gallië meemaakte bij de overgang van de late oudheid naar de vroege middeleeuwen.
Thomas Lambert Schenkel en Giordano Bruno. Een commercieel motief voor cryptische teksten over geheugenkunst
Authors: Mertens Manuel 
Published: January 2018

Thomas Lambert Schenkel and Giordano Bruno : a Commercial Motive for Cryptic Writings on the Art of Memory.
This article focuses on the way in which magic, art of memory and cryptic writing were intertwined during the sixteenth century. Several mnemonic works of Thomas Lambert Schenkel, a renowned master in the art of memory who was suspected of magic, are taken into consideration. From Schenkels biography and his Apologia
(written after his mnemonics were suspect of magic) it appears that the cryptic style of his mnemonic works, served well commercial goals. This observation raises the question whether the cryptic style of the mnemonic works of the philosopher Giordano Bruno – whose work still brings about controversies with regard to the relation between art of memory and magic – served a similar aim. A hitherto unnoticed reference to Bruno by Schenkel, together with some depositions taken from the documents of Bruno’s inquisitorial trial, confirm this conjecture.
“Fait accompli”, de controversiële controle van de Congolese financiën (1885-1914)
Authors: Leloup Geert 
Published: January 2018

“ Fait accompli”. The Controversial Control of Congolese Finances (1885-1914).
The history of the Congolese finances before 1914 is dominated by a lack of effective democratic control. Leopold ii as king of “ his” Congo, not only had a completely free hand but he also succeeded in masking both its losses and gains from the Belgian authorities that invested large sums in his project. But even after the annexation of Congo by Belgium in 1908, the audit system continued to show many fundamental shortcomings. Although the Court of Audit in Brussels was mandated by virtue of the Colonial Charter to monitor the colonial finances on behalf of the Belgian Parliament, its powers were severely curtailed and in practice the Court faced many practical obstacles, delaying tactics of the colonial administration and great pressure not to criticize questionable transactions. The counselors were politicized and influenced as well. The most striking example are the funds that were granted to Leopold ii after the Belgian annexation of Congo to complete his ambitious infrastructure projects. The result was that controls barely made a difference and that – partly because of the First World War – the Congolese accounts were voted by parliament only decades later, without further comment.
Cambrai et le Cambrésis au XVe siècle
Authors: Platelle Henri 
Published: January 2018

H. Platelle, Cambrai and the Cambrai region in the XVth century.
This study, written on the occasion of the five hundredth anniversary of the death of the famous Cambrai musician Guillaume du Fay, aims at providing a concrete and precise picture of Cambrai and its region in the XVth century. The first part - the places - deals with the natural and architectural environment in wich men lived. From the natural and historical region (which counted about a hundred villages in the XVth century) the reader is led into the city itself whose maximum extension seems to have been reached as early as the XIth century. The Cambrai house, the parish churches, the chapter houses and monasteries, the cathedral - a half-Gothic architectural jewel - the civil monuments are successively described. The town yet is deprived of a belfry and of a municipal bell, because of an imperial decision of 1226. The second part - the powers - tries to disentangle the network of authorities which govern the lives of men and city. In principale the bishop is endowed with the sovereignty over the city under the theoritical dependence of the Emperor, and the law of the city is entirely in his hands ; but the actual situation is thoroughly different. The bischop musy stand the competition with the cathedral chapter ans the Magistrate, whereas, at a higher level, the principality is tossed between the adverse influences of the dukes of Burgundy and of the King of France. The third part focuses especially on the men of that period full of brightness and faith, of sound and fury. Two famous "Cambrésiens" may symbolize the two opposite tendencies of the time : the chronicler MONSTRELET whose chronicles (1400-1453) reflect a "heroical and brutal" world, and the musician Guillaume du FAY who lets us hear in his works the song of Botticelli's angels.
L'Iconographie de la cathédrale disparue de Cambrai
Authors: Thiébaut Jacques 
Published: January 2018

J. Thiebaut, Iconography of the lost cathedral of Cambrai.
The Cambrai cathedral, destroyed under the Directory and the Empire, was one of the most important monuments of Northern France. The author, also author of a Ph. D thesis on this subject, draws here the conclusion of his research on the iconography of the cathedral. Documents already known for a long time had not been sufficiently studied ; but, first and foremost, the author succeeded in adding to the body of the known documents some new-found pieces which allowed him to make new hypotheses as to the interior disposition of the monument. Those new-found sketches were drawn under the Empire, at a time when one thought of the transforming the steeple into a monument dedicated to Fénelon ; the demolishing of the monument was then quite advanced.
Expression personnelle et conceptualisation de la langue à l’école : modalités d’articulation pour un groupe d’élèves aux capacités verbales diversifiées
Authors: Barry Valérie 
Published: January 2018

This paper relates the study of a pedagogical ritual named What’s new ?,
that has been proposed by two teachers to children with physical disabilities. The purpose is to analyze how pedagogues solicit and transform a moment of free verbal expression (about holidays) in a process of conceptualization in language production. The author first dialectizes self-expression (as it is considered in Institutional Pedagogy) and perlocutionary effects of teaching mediations. Then she attempts to identify how teachers combine the expression of subjectivities own and : a learning framework that holds interactions between pupils ; pedagogical differentiation modalities that take in account the ten children’s ages (from 6 to 11) and their different abilities to talk ; a working plan that promotes transcoding between verbal symbolism and visual images, and conceptualization in language and cognition.
Intégrer sciences et technologies pour développer une « éducation à... »
Authors: Delserieys-Pedregosa Alice , Pomares-Brandt Pascale , Boilevin Jean-Marie , Givry Damien , Martin Perrine 
Published: January 2018

An integrated science and technology teaching program has been developed in French lower secondary school for six years. It follows the national reviews of science and technology education at primary level which ambition is to propose an education for all that might change students attitude toward science and technology and the way it is taught. This program encourage different teachers to define together teaching sequences that integrate their respective subject (biology-geology, physics-chemistry, technology). Such program questions the place and role of the teachers taking part in the program. Three dimensions (educational goals, operational, organizational) have been adapted from Hasni
et al. (2008) in order to grasp the complexity of the integrated teaching program and its specific issues. The analysis of posters where teachers present the result of their work shows an evolution of their orientations. In the teachers perspective, the integration no longer seams a goal in itself but a mean to motivate students and to address questions linked with their environment.
Représentations du changement chez les enseignants dans le champ scolaire en France et accompagnement d’équipes d’écoles
Authors: Janner-Raimondi Martine , Lescouarch Laurent 
Published: January 2018

Dans le cadre d'un projet international avec une équipe chilienne, une enquête exploratoire lancée entre 2008 et 2010 visant à recueillir les représentations des enseignants sur le changement dans le champ scolaire français a permis d'identifier leurs ressentis sur quelques aspects saillants de leur profession, notamment au regard des prescriptions depuis la loi d'orientation du 23 février 2005 sur l'Éducation en France. De manière complémentaire, un travail d'accompagnement d'équipes d'écoles volontaires par un binôme de chercheurs a permis de préciser les représentations de changement évoqués dans les réponses au questionnaire et d'identifier sur quels objets de changement, les écoles ont choisi de travailler. Cette recherche permet ainsi de repérer quelques effets du processus de mondialisation des politiques éducatives sur les enseignants à échelle régionale. En outre, elle aide à identifier à quel type de changement correspondent les représentations recueillies.
Mots-clés : école, enseignant du premier degré, changement, représentations.
Gamma-Ray-emitting Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Authors: Paliya Vaidehi S. , Ajello M. , Rakshit S. , Mandal Amit Kumar , Stalin C. S. , Kaur A. , Hartmann D. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The detection of significant γ-ray emission from radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1s) galaxies enables us to study jets in environments different than those in blazars. However, due to the small number of known γ-ray-emitting NLSy1 (γ-NLSy1) galaxies, a comprehensive study could not be performed. Here, we report the first detection of significant γ-ray emission from four active galactic nuclei (AGNs), recently classified as NLSy1 from their Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) optical spectrum. Three flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) present in the third Large Area Telescope AGN catalog (3LAC) are also found as γ-NLSy1 galaxies. Comparing the γ-ray properties of these objects with 3LAC blazars reveals their spectral shapes to be similar to FSRQs, however, with low γ-ray luminosity (≲1046–47 erg s−1). In the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer color–color diagram, these objects occupy a region mainly populated by FSRQs. Using the H
β
emission line parameters, we find that on average γ-NLSy1 have smaller black hole masses than FSRQs at similar redshifts. In the low-resolution SDSS image of one of the γ-NLSy1 source, we find the evidence of an extended structure. We conclude by noting that overall many observational properties of γ-NLSy1 sources are similar to FSRQs, and therefore these objects could be their low black hole mass counterparts, as predicted in the literature.
De la Haskala à l’école juive de Paris : les Lumières juives à l’épreuve de l’émancipation
Authors: Nordmann Sophie 
Published: January 2018

L’entrée des Juifs dans la modernité est marquée par la naissance de la Haskala et par le processus d’émancipation politique et sociale qui se poursuit tout au long du XIX e siècle. Nous chercherons à retracer l’évolution de la manière dont ce processus a été perçu par les penseurs juifs français et allemands au cours des deux siècles derniers. Nous porterons une attention particulière à une action éducative spécifique, l’École d’Orsay, qui ouvre ses portes en 1946, et les ferme en 1969.
Peanut butter, compositionality and semantic transparency in loan translations
Authors: Hoekstra Eric , van der Kuip Frits 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article presents an in-depth study of the Frisian loan pindakaas from Dutch pindakaas. This word can be literally glossed as ‘peanut cheese’, but it translates into English as ‘peanut butter’. The translation illustrates that the compound pindakaas is not compositional in Dutch and Frisian, that is, pindakaas is not a kind of kaas (‘cheese’). Because of its non-compositional nature, Dutch pindakaas, we argue, has not been borrowed into Frisian as pindatsiis, even though Dutch kaas in Frisian is tsiis. In contrast, compositional compounds featuring Dutch –kaas surface in Frisian with –tsiis, such as Dutch schapenkaas, Frisian skieppetsiis. The non-compositional nature of pindakaas is shown to have a historical explanation. Independent evidence is cited from psycholinguistics supporting the claim that compositional compounds behave in a way that differs from non-compositional ones. Thus evidence is provided that borrowing is sensitive to compositionality in that elements of compounds are more easily left untranslated when their meaning is not predictable by compositionality from their usage elsewhere in the language.
Attitudes to English job titles in the Netherlands and Flanders
Authors: van Meurs Frank , Hendriks Berna , Sanders Dirk 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate if English loanwords are perceived differently in Flanders and the Netherlands, two areas with a shared official language (Dutch) but different sociolinguistic background and history. It has been argued that because of historical French dominance over Flemish, attitudes towards loanwords in Flanders are negative, whereas in the Netherlands attitudes are more positive because Dutch has not been threatened by another language there. In an experiment with a between-subject design, 155 Dutch and Flemish university students evaluated three equivalent Dutch and English job titles (e.g. hoofredacteur/editor-in-chief) with regard to comprehensibility, attractiveness, naturalness, and intention to apply for the job. In addition, general attitudes towards English loanwords were measured. Findings did not reveal differences between the Dutch and Flemish participants in their evaluation of the English versus Dutch job titles, nor in their general attitude towards English loanwords. For both participant groups, there were no differences in attitude towards the English and Dutch versions for two of the job titles, and both groups displayed more positive attitudes towards the Dutch version of one of the job titles than its English equivalent. However, Flemish participants were less likely to apply for jobs with English job titles than for jobs with equivalent Dutch job titles, while for the Dutch participants language of job title did not result in differences in application intention. The general attitude to English loanwords of both Dutch and Flemish participants was positive. It can therefore be concluded that, generally, nationality was not a factor influencing language attitudes.
Die lexikalische Interaktion zwischen Niederländisch und Sranantongo in surinamischer Onlinekommunikation
Authors: Radke Henning 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article examines the interaction between the two main languages of Suriname, Surinamese Dutch (SD) and Sranan Tongo (ST). It focusses on structural effects caused by code switching (CS) and its impact on the lexical changes of the languages involved. Using the Leipzig Glossing Rules, the morphosyntactic structure of a number of sample sentences becomes clear and the interaction between SD and ST becomes visible. Which categories of loan and trigger words can be found in multilingual Surinamese discourses? And how do we define Sranan-based loan words in Surinamese Dutch? These questions will be examined through a body of data that was compiled during field research in Paramaribo. These data include language use on computer-mediated communication (CMC). CMC belongs to daily life for a section of the Surinamese population. This development has made it possible to research Surinamese multilingualism from a different perspective – a perspective that includes the features of oral and written communication (see Dorleijn & Nortier, 2008, p. 127). One of the oral features is the aforementioned phenomenon of code switching. This article contributes to the study of the interaction between creole languages and Germanic languages.