bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of electronic health records by child primary healthcare providers in Europe
Authors: Grossman Z. , del Torso S. , van Esso D. , Ehrich J. H. H. , Altorjai P. , Mazur A. , Wyder C. , Neves A. M. , Dornbusch H. J. , Jaeger Roman E. , Santucci A. , Hadjipanayis A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited data on the use and functionality level of electronic health records (EHRs) supporting primary child health care in Europe. Our objective was to determine European primary child healthcare providers' use of EHRs, and functionality level of the systems used.MethodsEuropean primary care paediatricians, paediatric subspecialists and family doctors were invited by European Academy of Paediatrics Research in Ambulatory Setting Network (EAPRASnet) country coordinators to complete a web‐based survey on the use of EHRs and the systems' functionalities. Binomial logistic analysis has been used to evaluate the effect of specialty and type of practice on the use of EHRs.ResultsThe survey was completed by 679 child primary healthcare providers (response rate 53%). Five hundred and fifty four responses coming from 10 predominant countries were taken for further analysis. EHR use by respondents varied widely between countries, all electronic type use ranging between 7% and 97%. There was no significant difference in EHR use between group practice and solo practitioners, or between family doctors and primary care paediatricians. History and physical examination can be properly recorded by respondents in most countries. However, growth chart plotting capacity in some countries ranges between 22% and 50%. Vaccination recording capacity varies between 50% and 100%, and data exchange capacity with immunization databases is mostly limited, ranging between 0% and 54%.ConclusionsThere is marked heterogeneity in the use and functionalities of EHRs used among child primary child healthcare providers in Europe. More importantly, lack of critical paediatric supportive functionalities like growth tracking and vaccination status has been documented in some countries. There is a need to explore the reasons for these findings, and to develop a cross European paediatric EHR standards.
Contrasting ecosystem CO2 fluxes of inland and coastal wetlands: a meta‐analysis of eddy covariance data
Authors: Lu Weizhi , Xiao Jingfeng , Liu Fang , Zhang Yue , Liu Chang'an , Lin Guanghui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWetlands play an important role in regulating the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and thus affecting the climate. However, there is still lack of quantitative evaluation of such a role across different wetland types, especially at the global scale. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis to compare ecosystem CO2 fluxes among various types of wetlands using a global database compiled from the literature. This database consists of 143 site‐years of eddy covariance data from 22 inland wetland and 21 coastal wetland sites across the globe. Coastal wetlands had higher annual gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Re), and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) than inland wetlands. On a per unit area basis, coastal wetlands provided large CO2 sinks, while inland wetlands provided small CO2 sinks or were nearly CO2 neutral. The annual CO2 sink strength was 93.15 and 208.37 g C m−2 for inland and coastal wetlands, respectively. Annual CO2 fluxes were mainly regulated by mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). For coastal and inland wetlands combined, MAT and MAP explained 71%, 54%, and 57% of the variations in GPP, Re, and NEP, respectively. The CO2 fluxes of wetlands were also related to leaf area index (LAI). The CO2 fluxes also varied with water table depth (WTD), although the effects of WTD were not statistically significant. NEP was jointly determined by GPP and Re for both inland and coastal wetlands. However, the NEP/Re and NEP/GPP ratios exhibited little variability for inland wetlands and decreased for coastal wetlands with increasing latitude. The contrasting of CO2 fluxes between inland and coastal wetlands globally can improve our understanding of the roles of wetlands in the global C cycle. Our results also have implications for informing wetland management and climate change policymaking, for example, the efforts being made by international organizations and enterprises to restore coastal wetlands for enhancing blue carbon sinks.
Asymmetric Information under the Kafala Sponsorship System: Impacts on Foreign Domestic Workers’ Income and Employment Status in the GCC Countries
Authors: Malit Froilan T. , Naufal George 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article examines the legal and policy implications of information asymmetry for foreign domestic workers employed under the Kafala sponsorship system in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Drawing from ethnographic and field‐based observations in large GCC migrant destinations – including Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) – we investigate the information flows and market uncertainties between five key stakeholders: labour‐receiving governments, labour‐sending governments, recruitment agencies (subagents), sponsors (employers), and social networks. Several factors contribute to asymmetric information: the lack of bilateral labour agreements and government policy coordination, programs between and among government entities, the absence of labour law for domestic workers, and the laissez faire approach of the labour‐receiving government. These sources of asymmetric information create serious market vulnerabilities for the domestic worker population, often resulting in loss of employment and early deportation. The concluding section further outlines policy implications and areas of methodological research on GCC migration.
Relationship between maceration and wound healing on diabetic foot ulcers in Indonesia: a prospective study
Authors: Haryanto Haryanto , Arisandi Defa , Suriadi Suriadi , Imran Imran , Ogai Kazuhiro , Sanada Hiromi , Okuwa Mayumi , Sugama Junko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between maceration and wound healing. A prospective longitudinal design was used in this study. The wound condition determined the type of dressings used and the dressing change frequency. A total of 62 participants with diabetic foot ulcers (70 wounds) were divided into two groups: non‐macerated (n = 52) and macerated wounds (n = 18). Each group was evaluated weekly using the Bates–Jensen Wound Assessment Tool, with follow‐ups until week 4. The Mann–Whitney U test showed that the changes in the wound area in week 1 were faster in the non‐macerated group than the macerated group (P = 0·02). The Pearson correlation analysis showed a moderate correlation between maceration and wound healing from enrolment until week 4 (P = 0·002). After week 4, the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the non‐macerated wounds healed significantly faster than the macerated wounds (log‐rank test = 19·378, P = 0·000). The Cox regression analysis confirmed that maceration was a significant and independent predictor of wound healing in this study (adjusted hazard ratio, 0·324; 95% CI, 0·131–0·799; P = 0·014). The results of this study demonstrated that there is a relationship between maceration and wound healing. Changes in the wound area can help predict the healing of wounds with maceration in clinical settings.
Reported prevalence of gestational diabetes in Scotland: The relationship with obesity, age, socioeconomic status, smoking and macrosomia, and how many are we missing?
Authors: Collier Andrew , Abraham E Christie , Armstrong Julie , Godwin Jon , Monteath Kirsten , Lindsay Robert 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as ‘carbohydrate intolerance of varying degrees of severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy,’ and is associated with increased fetal and maternal risks. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of GDM in Scotland over 32 years (1981–2012), and using the data from 2012, to assess how GDM related to maternal body mass index, maternal age, parity, smoking, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, infant gender and macrosomia status.Materials and MethodsGDM prevalence along with anthropometric, obstetric and demographic data were collected on a total of 1,891,097 women with a delivery episode between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 2012 using data extracted from the Scottish Morbidity Record 02. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was undertaken to investigate their association with GDM.ResultsA ninefold increase in GDM prevalence was observed from 1981 to 2012 (P < 0.001). GDM prevalence in 2012 was 1.9%. Maternal body mass index, age, parity status, Scottish index of multiple deprivation and fetal macrosomia were positively associated with GDM. Reported smoking status at booking was inversely associated with GDM. Multivariable analysis showed that fetal macrosomia was not associated with GDM status.ConclusionsThe present study confirmed that the reporting of GDM is low in Scotland, and that GDM is associated with maternal body mass index, maternal age, multiparity and social deprivation. GDM was negatively associated with smoking and requires further investigation. The lack of association between GDM and macrosomia (following multivariate analysis) might reflect the screening processes undertaken in Scotland.
Bacterium‐Expressed dsRNA Downregulates Microsporidia Nosema bombycis Gene Expression
Authors: Pan Qiuling , Wang Ling , Dang Xiaoqun , Ma Zhengang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Shiliang , Zhou Zeyang , Xu Jinshan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe microsporidia Nosema bombycis is the insect pathogen of pebrine disease severely destructive to sericulture production. Here, we describe the use of Escherichia coli HT115 strain (DE3) to express double‐strand RNAs targeting the gene encoding ADP/ATP protein in N. bombycis. The results showed that dsRNAs deferentially suppressed the gene expression during N. bombycis infection in the silkworm, and the effect waned gradually. Our results, for the first time, provide a tool to utilize the dsRNA expressed by recombinant E. coli to control the pebrine disease of the domestic silkworm.
Psychosomatic effects of blanketing in nursing care
Authors: Tokunaga Namiji , Fukai Kiyoko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimBlanketing, which involves covering patients with a blanket in order to maintain their body temperature and privacy and help alleviate the stress that is associated with medical procedures, is a fundamental skill in nursing care. However, the actual therapeutic effects of blanketing have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to clarify the psychosomatic effects of blanketing in nursing care by observing autonomic nervous activity.MethodsThis single‐cohort, intra‐participant, comparative cross‐over study included 30 healthy female adolescents. Two of the 30 participants were excluded from the analysis. After splitting the participants into blanketing and non‐blanketing groups, the stress and anxiety that patients undergo during nursing care was simulated and the responses were analyzed by using psychological and physiological indicators. The parametric data were analyzed by using a paired t‐test or one‐way ANOVA and the non‐parametric data were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The significance level was <5%.ResultsNo significant difference was seen between the two groups in vital signs, salivary alpha‐amylase activity, respiratory movement or skin surface temperature. However, the postintervention scores for “Tension–Anxiety” in the Profile of Mood States – Brief Form were significantly lower for the blanketed than the non‐blanketed arm, “sense of ease” and “feeling protected” were significantly higher for the blanketed arm, and in the middle intervention segment, the parasympathetic nervous activity and sympathetic nervous activity were significantly higher and lower, respectively, for the blanketed arm.ConclusionThese results suggest that blanketing is effective in relieving psychological stress and promoting a sense of ease among patients who are receiving nursing care.
A Simplified Form of the Psychometric Function for the m‐Alternative Forced Choice (mAFC) Method
Authors: Bi Jian , Kuesten Carla 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe m‐Alternative Forced Choice (mAFC), including the 2AFC, 3AFC, and mAFC where m > 3, are a type of widely used sensory discrimination method. This article offers an interesting finding for the psychometric function for the mAFC. The conventional general psychometric function for the mAFC, which is based on m independent normal distributions with one signal and m−1 noise observations, can be expressed as an elegant simplified form, i.e., a single cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the standard (m−1)‐variate normal distribution. This finding provides not only an alternative approach to calculate the probability of correct responses (Pc) and Thurstonian discriminal distance (δ) for the mAFC, but also an intuitive geometric interpretation for Pc in the mAFC. Moreover, the simplified form of the psychometric function for the mAFC may provide some insight for the decision strategies used in the mAFC.Practical ApplicationsThe simplified form of the psychometric function for the mAFC derived originally in this paper can be expressed in a built‐in S‐Plus program “pmvnorm” (for 3AFC) and R program “pmvnorm” (for mAFC where m > 2) in the R package “mvtnorm.” Two R codes “mAFCp” and “mAFCq,” which are based on the simplified form and the R package, were developed in the article. The codes can be used for calculations of Pc and δ for the mAFC easily. A table for Pc values in the mAFC is produced for m = 2 to 8, and δ from 0 to 4 with a step of 0.1. A table for δ values in the mAFC is produced for m = 2 to 8, and Pc from 0.01 to 0.99 with a step of 0.01. A table for the B values for calculation of variance of d‐prime obtained from the mAFC is also produced.
Human dignity and professional reputation under threat: Iranian Nurses' experiences of workplace violence
Authors: Najafi Fereshteh , Fallahi‐Khoshknab Masoud , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Dalvandi Asghar , Rahgozar Mehdi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWorkplace violence against nurses is a challenging problem in both developed and developing countries. Because the concept of violence bears some cultural load, nurses' understanding is region‐specific. This study explores Iranian nurses' perceptions of workplace violence. Using qualitative content analysis, 22 registered nurses underwent unstructured, in‐depth interviews. The main themes of threats to human dignity and professional reputation emerged, plus four categories: physical violence, psychological violence, honor insults, and ethnic‐religious insults. The term "honor insults," as a unique finding, was used instead of "sexual harassment." These findings may help to redefine workplace violence based on cultural background, design strategies for supporting nurses, and prevent and manage such violence.
Early childhood exposure to short periods of sevoflurane is not associated with later, lasting cognitive deficits
Authors: Poor Zamany Nejat Kermany Mahtab , Roodneshin Fatemeh , Ahmadi Dizgah Niloofar , Gerami Ebrahim , Riahi Esmail 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundA detrimental effect of commonly used anesthetics on the neurodevelopmental and behavioral parameters has long been shown in young animals subjected to early childhood anesthesia. Epidemiologic studies suggest the possibility of a modestly elevated risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children exposed to anesthesia during early childhood. However, these results are still preliminary and inconclusive.AimTo further elucidate the probability of occurrence of such adverse outcomes, we evaluated cognitive performance of children who underwent general anesthesia early in their childhood.MethodOne hundred and fifteen children aged 5‒16 years with established glaucoma were included in the study. Of these, 68 children had a history of at least one general anesthesia with sevoflurane before age 3. Phonemic and semantic verbal fluency, and forward and backward digit span tests were performed to evaluate cognitive function in the study subjects.ResultsThe two‐way anova revealed that all these variables showed significant changes in various age groups, but they were comparable among subjects with no, single, or multiple childhood anesthesia.ConclusionIt can be concluded that brief periods of anesthesia with single anesthetic sevoflurane may be safe for children under age 3.
Feasibility and pharmacokinetics of caudal blockade in children and adolescents with 30–50 kg of body weight
Authors: Keplinger Maya , Marhofer Peter , Klug Wolfgang , Reiter Birgit , Stimpfl Thomas , Kettner Stephan C. , Korf Lena , Zeitlinger Markus , Marhofer Daniela , Triffterer Lydia 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundCaudal blockade, although an important technique of pediatric regional anesthesia, is rarely used in children heavier than 30 kg. This reservation is due to anatomical concerns and lack of pharmacokinetic data. We therefore set out to evaluate, in pediatric patients weighing 30−50 kg, the feasibility of ultrasound‐guided caudal blockade and the pharmacokinetics of caudally administered ropivacaine.MethodsTwenty consecutive children were included. General anesthesia was used to ensure a secured airway. For the caudal punctures, we applied the same clinical standards as in smaller children, administering ropivacaine 3.1 mg·ml‐1 for a volume of 1 ml·kg−1 via ultrasound guidance. Pharmacokinetic analysis was based on total plasma ropivacaine levels and included maximum concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), terminal elimination half‐life, area under the concentration–time curve for the 4‐h sampling period, apparent total body clearance, and apparent volume of distribution.ResultsIn all 19 cases of successful puncture, we identified the relevant anatomical structures (sacral cornua, sacral hiatus, dura mater) and verified correct administration of the local anesthetic by visualizing its cranial spread. Surgical blockade was successful in 18 of 20 cases (90%; one puncture was technically not possible and one child received intraoperatively 50 μg fentanyl). The pharmacokinetic profile of the administered ropivacaine 3.1 mg·ml−1 indicated plasma levels within safe ranges in pediatric patients weighing 30−50 kg.ConclusionsBased on our pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic results, we suggest that the body weight of 50 kg it is feasible to perform effective and safe caudal blockade in children up to 50 kg body weight.
Incontinentia Pigmenti Coxsackium
Authors: Jefferson Julie , Grossberg Anna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLate recurrences of first‐stage inflammatory vesiculobullous lesions of incontinentia pigmenti (IP) are uncommon but have been reported to occur in the setting of infections, fevers, and vaccinations. This phenomenon has not been described in the setting of atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). In addition, atypical HFMD often has a predilection for areas of previous inflammation or trauma, such as areas of atopic dermatitis (eczema coxsackium). We present a case of incontinentia pigmenti coxsackium in which a coxsackievirus infection triggered reactivation of IP and cutaneous viral lesions were concentrated in areas of IP.
Germ Cell Testicular Cancer Incidence, Latitude and Sunlight Associations in the United States and Australia
Authors: Biggar Robert J. , Baade Peter D. , Sun Jiandong , Brandon Lindsay E. , Kimlin Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInternational patterns suggest germ cell testicular cancer (GCTC) incidence may be lower in lower latitudes. To investigate this possibility, we examined GCTC incidence by latitude (population centroid in 2000) for men ≥15 years within two reasonably homogeneous countries, the United States and Australia. In the United States, we examined age‐adjusted incidence/latitude trends using data from states (2001–2010) and local‐area registries (1980–2011). In Australia, we evaluated incidence/latitude trends in 61 Statistical Divisions (2000–2009). In U.S. White men (68 566 cases), state incidences increased by latitude, rising 5.74% (4.45–7.05%) per 5°North latitude increment. Similar trends were found for seminoma and nonseminoma subtypes (P < 0.001). In U.S. Black men (2256 cases), the association was also seen (4.9%; 0.2–9.7%). In local U.S. data, similar increases in incidence with latitude were present in each of the last three decades. In Australia (6042 cases), the incidence increased by 4.43% (95% CI: 1.54–7.39%) per 5°South, and trends for subtypes were similar. Thus, we found that incidence of GCTC in both White and Black men increased significantly with distance from the equator, approximately 1% per degree within the range of latitudes studied.
Detection of bacterial contamination andDNAquantification in stored blood units in 2 veterinary hospital blood banks
Authors: Stefanetti Valentina , Miglio Arianna , Cappelli Katia , Capomaccio Stefano , Sgariglia Elisa , Marenzoni Maria L. , Antognoni Maria T. , Coletti Mauro , Mangili Vittorio , Passamonti Fabrizio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBlood transfusions in veterinary medicine have become increasingly more common and are now an integral part of lifesaving and advanced treatment in small and large animals. Important risks associated with transfusion of blood products include the transmission of various infectious diseases. Several guidelines suggest what infectious agents to screen for in canine and feline transfusion medicine. However, while the risk of bacterial contamination of blood products during storage and administration has not been documented in veterinary medicine, it has emerged as a cause of morbidity and mortality in human transfusion medicine. Clinical experience shows that the majority of blood component bacterial contaminations are caused by only a few species. Unlike other types of bacteria, psychrotolerant species likePseudomonasspp. andSerratiaspp. can proliferate during the storage of blood units at 4°C from a very low titer at the time of blood collection to a clinically significant level (> 105CFU/mL) causing clinical sepsis resulting from red blood cell concentrate transfusions in human medicine. The purpose of this report was to describe the detection and quantification procedures applied in 4 cases of bacterial contamination of canine and feline blood units, which suggest the need for further investigations to optimize patients’ safety in veterinary transfusion medicine.