bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells produce large extracellular vesicles containing organelles and an active cytoskeleton
Authors: Johnson Suzanne M. , Dempsey Clare , Parker Catriona , Mironov Aleksandr , Bradley Helen , Saha Vaskar 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles have been described in non‐paracrine cellular interactions in cancer. We report a similar phenomenon in B‐cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Using advanced microscopy and high throughput screening, we further characterise a subset of large vesicles (LEVs) identified in cell lines, murine models of human BCP‐ALL and clinical samples. Primary ALL blasts and cell lines released heterogeneous anucleate vesicles <6 micron into extracellular fluids. Larger LEVs were enclosed in continuous membranes, contained intact organelles and demonstrated an organised cytoskeleton. An excess of circulating CD19‐positive LEVs were observed in diagnostic samples and isolated from mice engrafted with BCP‐ALL primary cells. LEVs exhibited dynamic shape change in vitro and were internalised by other leukaemic cell lines leading to phenotypic transformation analogous to the cell of origin. In patient‐derived xenografts, LEVs were released by primary ALL cells into extracellular spaces and internalised by murine mesenchymal cells in vivo. Collectively these data highlight the heterogeneity but accessibility of LEVs in clinical samples and their potential to provide a unique insight into the biology of the cell of origin and to their development as novel biomarkers to aid diagnosis and improve therapeutic outcomes.
Incorporating a Modified Graeb Score to the Modified Fisher Scale for Improved Risk Prediction of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Eagles Matt E , Jaja Blessing N R , Macdonald R Loch 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a cause of poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Risk scales to predict DCI have scarcely been evaluated for predictive accuracy. Accounting for volume of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in the modified Fischer scale (mFS) may improve its predictive accuracy.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the modified Graeb score (mGS) to the mFS for risk prediction of DCI, and to investigate whether incorporating an mGS cut-point into the mFS could improve predictive accuracy.

METHODS
This retrospective analysis was based on the Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological Ischemia and Infarction Occurring after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (CONSCIOUS-1) trial cohort. IVH volume was quantified with the mGS. The relation of the mGS to DCI was evaluated using logistic regression and the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC). An optimized mGS cut-point was identified using the Youden index, and was incorporated into the mFS to dichotomize grades 2 and 4. The AUC was used to compare the predictive performance of the mGS with that of the mFS, and to assess whether there was an improvement in DCI prediction after creation of the dichotomized scale.

RESULTS
The mFS and the mGS had similar discrimination for DCI (AUC: 0.608 vs 0.618; P = .79). A new scale including both the mFS and mGS significantly improved the AUC compared to the mFS (AUC: 0.647 vs 0.608; P = .022).

CONCLUSION
The mFS and the mGS have similar prognostic utility. Accounting for IVH volume improved prediction of DCI by the mFS.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in Prevention and Rescue Treatment of Thromboembolic Complications During Endovascular Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Dornbos David , Katz Joel S , Youssef Patrick , Powers Ciarán J , Nimjee Shahid M 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Thromboembolic complications remain a major risk of endovascular neurosurgery during the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, despite the use of therapeutic heparinization and oral antiplatelet therapy when indicated. Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors target a nonredundant pathway of platelet aggregation following adhesion and activation. Initially established and implemented in the cardiovascular arena, this drug class has provided a new tool in the neurovascular armamentarium as well. Numerous case reports, case series, and retrospective reviews have evaluated the safety and efficacy of abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban in the treatment of acute thromboembolic complications during the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The use of this drug class has also been found to be beneficial as a prophylactic agent, providing ischemia protection during the placement of intracranial stents, flow diverters, and thrombogenic coils in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage and during elective aneurysmal embolization. While the current published literature clearly establishes efficacy and safety of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in the prevention of thromboembolic complications, there does not yet exist an established protocol for their administration in endovascular neurosurgery. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current published literature pertaining to the use of all available GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors for thromboembolic complications, providing recommendations for dosing and administration of abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban based on previously published rates of efficacy and intracranial hemorrhage.
Clinical Impact of Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing in the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Bourgi Kassem , Patel Jaimin , Samuel Linoj , Kieca Angela , Johnson Laura , Alangaden George 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Nucleic acid amplification (NAA) testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) offers improved diagnostic accuracy, compared with smear microscopy, in differentiating MTB from other mycobacteria. We aimed to evaluate the reliability and projected impact of NAA testing in patients with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-positive respiratory samples.

Methods
We identified a retrospective cohort of all patients with AFB smear-positive respiratory specimens at Henry Ford Hospital from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2011. We examined the association between patients’ sociodemographic factors and clinical comorbidities with the likelihood of being diagnosed with MTB. We evaluated the projected change in duration of airborne isolation and unnecessary MTB treatment with introducing NAA testing into clinical decision making for AFB smear-positive patients.

Results
One hundred thirty patients had AFB smear-positive respiratory specimens, 80 of these patients had a positive NAA test result, and 82 patients grew MTB on culture. Nucleic acid amplification testing had a sensitivity and specificity of 97.6% and 100%, respectively. Integrating NAA testing into clinical decision making for patients with AFB-positive smears was associated with a significantly shorter time in airborne isolation (6.0 ± 7.6 vs 23.1 ± 38.0, P &lt; .001) and 9.5 ± 11.32 fewer days of unnecessary MTB treatment in patients with negative NAA test.

Conclusions
Nucleic acid amplification testing provided a rapid and accurate test in the diagnosis of MTB while significantly reducing the duration of isolation and unnecessary medications in patients with negative NAA test.
Financial Crises and Risk Premia*
Authors: Muir Tyler 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
I analyze the behavior of risk premia in financial crises, wars, and recessions in an international panel spanning over 140 years and 14 countries. I document that expected returns, or risk premia, increase substantially in financial crises, but not in the other episodes. Asset prices decline in all episodes, but the decline in financial crises is substantially larger than the decline in fundamentals so that expected returns going forward are large. However, drops in consumption and consumption volatility are fairly similar across financial crises and recessions and are largest during wars, so asset pricing models based on aggregate consumption have trouble matching these facts. Comparing crises to “deep” recessions strengthens these findings further. By disentangling financial crises from other bad macroeconomic times, the results suggest that financial crises are particularly important to understanding why risk premia vary. I discuss implications for theory more broadly and discuss both rational and behavioral models that are consistent with the facts. Theories where asset prices are related to the health of the financial sector appear particularly promising.
Phosphatidylserine Exposure after Vascular Injury-Platelet or Endothelial
Authors: Agbani Ejaife O. , Cash Jenna L , Williams Christopher M. , Poole Alastair W. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundPlatelets membranes are considered the paramount site for the assembly of tenase and prothrombinase complex and are key players in localising coagulation to wound sites. However, the endothelium is also known to express phosphatidylserine (PS) and support the binding of recombinant FVa/FXa even beyond the site of injury. It thus remains unclear, what cell type play the preeminent role in the cellular control of coagulation after vascular injury.ApproachTo address this question, we utilised a model of haemostasis (full thickness 1mm excisional skin wounds) as well as tissues after injury in laser and ferric chloride models of thrombosis. Damage to the endothelium was assessed by the combined methods of picrosirius red staining, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Using multiphoton microscopy, we then compared the spatial distribution of PS on platelets and the endothelium.ResultsPlatelets and detectable PS significantly co-localised compared with similar analysis of endothelial cell and exposed PS on wounded carotids arteries which was not significant. Point injury by laser induced restricted damage of the endothelium which was associated with limited platelets recruitment. In consistence with platelets response after FeCl3injury, platelets exposed most of the PS detected at the wound edge where skin vessels were transected in our haemostasis model (Correlation Coeff. 0.78 +/− 0.12 vs 0.35 +/− 0.23).ConclusionsWe surmised that data from the different models support a paradigm of graded haemostatic response to vascular injury, in which full platelets response is limited to wound sites exposing the sub-endothelial matrix.
Comparison of methods that use whole genome data to estimate the heritability and genetic architecture of complex traits
Authors: Evans Luke M. , Tahmasbi Rasool , Vrieze Scott I. , Abecasis Gonçalo R. , Das Sayantan , Bjelland Doug W. , deCandia Teresa R. ,   Haplotype Reference Consortium, Goddard Michael E. , Neale Benjamin M. , Yang Jian , Visscher Peter M. , Keller Matthew C. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTHeritability,h2, is a foundational concept in genetics, critical to understanding the genetic basis of complex traits. Recently-developed methods that estimate heritability from genotyped SNPs,h2SNP, explain substantially more genetic variance than genome-wide significant loci, but less than classical estimates from twins and families. However,h2SNPestimates have yet to be comprehensively compared under a range of genetic architectures, making it difficult to draw conclusions from sometimes conflicting published estimates. Here, we used thousands of real whole genome sequences to simulate realistic phenotypes under a variety of genetic architectures, including those from very rare causal variants. We compared the performance of ten methods across different types of genotypic data (commercial SNP array positions, whole genome sequence variants, and imputed variants) and under differing causal variant frequencies, levels of stratification, and relatedness thresholds. These results provide guidance in interpreting past results and choosing optimal approaches for future studies. We then chose two methods (GREML-MS and GREML-LDMS) that best estimated overallh2SNPand the causal variant frequency spectra to six phenotypes in the UK Biobank using imputed genome-wide variants. Our results suggest that as imputation reference panels become larger and more diverse, estimates of the frequency distribution of causal variants will become increasingly unbiased and the vast majority of trait narrow-sense heritability will be accounted for.
Improving pairwise comparison of protein sequences with domain co-occurrence
Authors: Menichelli Christophe , Gascuel Olivier , Bréhélin Laurent 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMotivationComparing and aligning protein sequences is an essential task in bioinformatics. More specifically, local alignment tools like BLAST are widely used for identifying conserved protein sub-sequences, which likely correspond to protein domains or functional motifs. However, to limit the number of false positives, these tools are used with stringent sequence-similarity thresholds and hence can miss several hits, especially for species that are phylogenetically distant from reference organisms. A solution to this problem is then to integrate additional contextual information to the procedure.ResultsHere, we propose to use domain co-occurrence to increase the sensitivity of pairwise sequence comparisons. Domain co-occurrence is a strong feature of proteins, since most protein domains tend to appear with a limited number of other domains on the same protein. We propose a method to take this information into account in a typical BLAST analysis and to construct new domain families on the basis of these results. We usedPlasmodium falciparumas a case study to evaluate our method. The experimental findings showed an increase of 16% of the number of significant BLAST hits and an increase of 28% of the proteome area that can be covered with a domain. Our method identified 2473 new domains for which, in most cases, no model of the Pfam database could be linked. Moreover, our study of the quality of the new domains in terms of alignment and physicochemical properties show that they are close to that of standard Pfam domains.AvailabilitySoftware implementing the proposed approach and the Supplementary Data are available at:https://gite.lirmm.fr/menichelli/pairwise-comparison-with-cooccurrence
Who is vulnerable? Adult social care and modern slavery
Authors: Craig Gary , Clay Stephen 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The 2015 Modern Slavery Act focusses attention forms of modern slavery (human trafficking and forced labour), within the UK. The contemporaneous 2014 Care Act, identifies modern slavery as a new form of risk within adult social care, listing forms of abuse and vulnerability. However, it does not consider whether those providing care may themselves be vulnerable to forms of modern slavery. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors describe the history of the development of modern slavery legislation in the UK, outline key provisions of the Care Act, illustrated with real-life cases. The analysis suggests that adult social care – characterised by informality, fragmentation and vulnerability – is one where instances of modern slavery may be more common than considered to date.

Findings
The data collected, though relatively modest, suggests that a thorough investigation should be undertaken into the possibility of modern slavery taking place within the realm of adult social care.

Research limitations/implications
Data have been collected through a snowball process, rolling out a survey to relevant groups of individual and organisations. A more rigorous investigation is required to examine the extent of modern slavery within adult social care.

Practical implications
The training of those responsible for the regulation/management of adult social care needs to ensure that they are fully equipped to understand the nature of modern slavery and how to identify its symptoms and victims.

Social implications
There is also a need for heightened awareness of those close to people being cared for that they may also identify the symptoms of modern slavery.

Originality/value
This area has not been explored to date.
Banking outreach, infrastructure development and regional growth
Authors: Vidyarthi Harishankar 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics between banking penetration, infrastructure development and regional growth within a multivariate framework in 23 Indian states over the period 2000-2012.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs the multivariate panel data framework to analyze the dynamics between banking penetration, infrastructure development and regional growth within the vector error correction model (VECM) framework.FindingsThe findings confirm the long-run equilibrium relationship between banking penetration, infrastructure and income for the panel. Long-run income elasticity of infrastructure, estimated using Panel dynamic ordinary least square, is positive, statistically significant and has a value of 0.1531. Further, results show bidirectional causality between income and aggregate infrastructure and unidirectional causality running from banking penetration to income and aggregate infrastructure in the long run. However, there is unidirectional causality running from income to banking penetration and aggregate infrastructure and from banking penetration to aggregate infrastructure in the short run.Research limitations/implicationsThe study mainly concentrates on the 2000-2012 period and includes transportation (roadways and railways), energy (including electricity) and telecommunication as indicators for infrastructure, as the data for these sectors are easily available at the state level. Second, this study employs the panel data technique as it has a shorter data count.Practical implicationsIn order to minimize the existing regional disparity in a developing India, national infrastructure policies should be aimed toward improving the overall access to as well as the quality of infrastructure (existing as well as newly planned). Further, widening the banking outreach at the bottom level may further help the economy as well as the infrastructure sector in mobilizing long-term finances for productive investments, in order to have a balanced, more inclusive and faster growth in the long run.Originality/valueThe study employs panel unit root, cointegration and Granger causality tests within the panel VECM framework to explore the dynamics among the system variables. Further, the study creates a composite index of infrastructure with principle component analysis.
Constrained by markets: processing costs limit potential for managing predator–prey interactions in a commercial fishery
Authors: Walsworth Timothy E. , Schindler Daniel E. , Essington Timothy E. 
Published: March 2017

Summary

Selective fisheries may impact non‐target species as well as limit the productivity of target species if their predators are not harvested. The outcomes of multi‐species harvest strategies that include targeting predators depend on ecological and economic constraints, although the development of ecosystem‐based management plans has typically focused on ecological constraints.

In Chignik, Alaska, sockeye salmon support a valuable commercial fishery and, as juveniles, are preyed upon by coho salmon, a species not subject to a targeted harvest. Whether exploitation of coho salmon would enhance overall fishery value by releasing sockeye salmon from predation constraints is not understood. We employ simulation models to examine the ecological and economic conditions necessary for directly targeting coho salmon to benefit fishers and seafood processors, two distinct but inter‐dependent stakeholders in this ecosystem.

Model results indicate fishers are likely to experience increased value regardless of economic constraints, as long as coho salmon predation negatively affects sockeye salmon productivity. However, seafood processors are much more limited in the conditions which produce increased economic value, constrained by greater operation costs required to process harvested coho salmon.

Synthesis and applications. The unique economic constraints and opportunities of different stakeholders can present contrasting outlooks on the potential benefits of alternative harvest strategies, even if the alternative strategies are predicted to increase yield. The findings herein demonstrate the importance of considering multiple stakeholders when considering alternative management strategies. Depending on the level of risk stakeholders are willing to accept, an active adaptive management strategy reducing coho salmon escapement to low levels could provide valuable information about ecosystem structure as well as potentially providing the greatest economic benefit to the fishery.
Attachment and relationship satisfaction among first married, remarried, and post‐divorce relationships
Authors: Diamond Rachel M. , Brimhall Andrew S. , Elliott Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study examined relationship satisfaction and adult attachment in a sample of 562 participants: 340 in a first marriage (60.5%); 122 separated/divorced from their first spouse (21.7%); and 100 in a second marriage (17.8%). For participants in a relationship (dating or married), findings indicated no differences between groups on relationship satisfaction; instead, attachment served as a better predictor of satisfaction. Further, no differences existed when comparing first‐ and second‐married participants on attachment. Differences existed between separated/divorced participants and first‐ and second‐married participants on most attachment indexes; similarities existed between separated/divorce and second‐married participants on levels of preoccupation and model of self. When comparing non‐dating and dating separated/divorced participants, dating participants reported higher secure attachment and models of others and lower fearful attachment. Clinical and research implications will be discussed.Practitioner points

Contrary to most extant literature, attachment styles and behaviour may be a better predictor of relationship satisfaction than relationship type (e.g. first vs. second marriage)
Consider the important role of attachment within relationships throughout adulthood and how attachment styles may differ in different types of relationships
Attachment frameworks should be used when developing interventions for couples to increase relationship satisfaction and attachment security
High Stroke Volume Variation Is an Independent Predictor for Decreased Blood Pressure During Hemodialysis
Authors: Yoshihara Fumiki , Kishida Masatsugu , Ogawa Koji , Nishigaki Takayuki , Nakasaki Hironori , Ishizuka Azusa , Koezuka Ryo , Matsuo Miki , Hayashi Teruyuki , Nakamura Satoko 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt currently remains unclear whether stroke volume variation (SVV) before hemodialysis (HD) is an independent predictor of decreased blood pressure (BP) during HD. Fifty‐two patients were divided into two groups (Decreased BP during HD group: N = 10, Non‐decreased BP group: N = 42). Fractional shortening was lower, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and SVV were higher in the Decreased BP during HD group. A multiple logistic regression analysis identified low fractional shortening, high MAP, and high SVV as independent predictors of decreased BP during HD. The areas under the ROC curves were as follows: 0.849 for MAP, 0.712 for SVV, and 0.893 for MAP and SVV. Optimal threshold values were 93.0 mm Hg for MAP and 17.3 % for SVV. A multivariate regression analysis identified anemia and a longer dialysis vintage as independently related factors for higher SVV. Our results suggest that high SVV is an independent predictor for decreased BP during HD.