bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compositional Tables Analysis in Coordinates
Authors: Fačevicová Kamila , Hron Karel , Todorov Valentin , Templ Matthias 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCompositional tables – a continuous counterpart to the contingency tables – carry relative information about relationships between row and column factors; thus, for their analysis, only ratios between cells of a table are informative. Consequently, the standard Euclidean geometry should be replaced by the Aitchison geometry on the simplex that enables decomposition of the table into its independent and interactive parts. The aim of the paper is to find interpretable coordinate representation for independent and interaction tables (in sense of balances and odds ratios of cells, respectively), where further statistical processing of compositional tables can be performed. Theoretical results are applied to real‐world problems from a health survey and in macroeconomics.
Autotransfusion in dogs using a 2‐syringe technique
Authors: Robinson Duane A. , Kiefer Kristina , Bassett Rachel , Quandt Jane 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the successful use of an autotransfusion technique utilizing 2 syringes in 4 dogs.Case Series SummaryAll 4 dogs in this series had a hemoabdomen and subsequent hypovolemic shock. During surgery blood was collected from the abdominal cavity by the surgeon and passed to an assistant. The blood was then transferred to a second syringe for direct IV administration. The blood was passed through an inline blood filter prior to reaching the patient. Given the transfusion volume and administration time frame, 3 cases were classified as a massive transfusion. All 4 dogs survived the transfusion, were discharged within 3 days of surgery/transfusion and no complications were noted.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis case series describes a relatively simple method of performing an autotransfuion in patients with hemoabdomen and hypovolemic shock.
Retrospective evaluation of fluid overload and relationship to outcome in critically ill dogs
Authors: Cavanagh Amanda A. , Sullivan Lauren A. , Hansen Bernard D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if critically ill dogs have an increased risk of fluid overload (FO) during hospitalization compared to less ill dogs, and to determine if FO is associated with increased mortality during hospitalization.DesignObservational, case‐control study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsThirty‐four critically ill dogs and 15 comparatively healthy stable postoperative dogs with neuro‐orthopedic disease.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsData recorded included underlying disease, body weight, and APPLEfast score at admission, single‐day and composite APPLEfull scores during hospitalization, total fluid volume administered (L), total fluid volume output (L), and outcome. Percent FO (%FO) was calculated using the equation 100 × ([fluid volume administered − fluid volume lost]/1000 mL/L) − (% dehydration at admission), with fluid volume expressed as mL/kg of baseline body weight. Critically ill dogs developed greater %FO during hospitalization compared to stable postoperative dogs (12.1 ± 11.7% vs 0.5 ± 5.2%, P = 0.001), and half (8 out of 16) of the dogs with %FO ≥ 12% died. Composite APPLEfull scores were weakly positively correlated with %FO, whereas APPLEfast and single‐day APPLEfull scores recorded at admission were not. The odds ratio for death was 1.08 for every percent increase in FO during hospitalization (95% confidence limits 1.012–1.59, P = 0.02).ConclusionsCritically ill dogs are at increased risk for FO during hospitalization, and a weak but significant association exists between %FO, illness severity, and mortality. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm the findings of this retrospective study.
Resolution of spontaneous hemoabdomen secondary to peliosis hepatis following surgery and azithromycin treatment in a Bartonella species infected dog
Authors: Berkowitz Steven T. , Gannon Kristi M. , Carberry Carol A. , Cortes Yonaira 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of hemoperitonium in a dog with Bartonellosis and peliosis hepatis (PH) lesions that resolved following antimicrobial therapy.Case SummaryA 3‐year‐11‐month‐old 22.5 kg female spayed mixed breed dog presented for progressive lethargy and vomiting. An abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed moderate ascites, which when sampled was nonclotting hemorrhagic fluid. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a large volume of nonclotted blood in the dog's abdomen and blood‐filled vesicular lesions dispersed diffusely along multiple lobes of the liver. Biopsies revealed lesions indicative of PH. Serology testing for Bartonella species was positive. Treatment with azithromycin resulted in Bartonella serology negative status and no further evidence of hemoperitonium at recheck examination 12 months after initial presentation.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first reported case of PH and hemoperitoneum in a Bartonella species serology positive dog wherein treatment with azithromycin resulted in serology negative status. There have been no subsequent episodes of hemoperitoneum in the 12 months since treatment.
Clinical‐grade quality platelet‐rich plasma releasate (PRP‐R/SRGF) from CaCl2‐activated platelet concentrates promoted expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Borghese C. , Agostini F. , Durante C. , Colombatti A. , Mazzucato M. , Aldinucci D. 
Published: April 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to test a platelet‐rich plasma releasate (PRP‐R/SRGF) from CaCl2‐activated platelets as a source of growth factors for the expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). PRP‐R/SRGF, obtained with a low‐cost procedure, is characterized by a reduced variability of growth factor release.Materials and MethodsPRP‐R/SRGF is a clinical‐grade quality solution obtained from CaCl2‐activated platelets. Its activity was evaluated by measuring the proliferation, the phenotype, the differentiation potential and the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT).ResultsPRP‐R/SRGF was more active than FBS to expand BM‐ and AT‐derived MSCs. PRP‐R/SRGF treatment did not affect the expression of typical MSCs surface markers, neither MSCs differentiation potential nor their capability to inhibit activated T‐cell proliferation.ConclusionsThe clinical‐grade PRP‐R/SRGF may be used in the clinical setting for the expansion of MSCs.
Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria
Authors: Jagielski Tomasz , Minias Alina , van Ingen Jakko , Rastogi Nalin , Brzostek Anna , Żaczek Anna , Dziadek Jarosław 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARY

Molecular typing has revolutionized epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, including those of a mycobacterial etiology. With the advent of fingerprinting techniques, many traditional concepts regarding transmission, infectivity, or pathogenicity of mycobacterial bacilli have been revisited, and their conventional interpretations have been challenged. Since the mid-1990s, when the first typing methods were introduced, a plethora of other modalities have been proposed. So-called molecular epidemiology has become an essential subdiscipline of modern mycobacteriology. It serves as a resource for understanding the key issues in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Among these issues are disclosing sources of infection, quantifying recent transmission, identifying transmission links, discerning reinfection from relapse, tracking the geographic distribution and clonal expansion of specific strains, and exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying specific phenotypic traits, including virulence, organ tropism, transmissibility, or drug resistance. Since genotyping continues to unravel the biology of mycobacteria, it offers enormous promise in the fight against and prevention of the diseases caused by these pathogens. In this review, molecular typing methods for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and nontuberculous mycobacteria elaborated over the last 2 decades are summarized. The relevance of these methods to the epidemiological investigation, diagnosis, evolution, and control of mycobacterial diseases is discussed.
Novel Taxa Associated with Human Fungal Black-Grain Mycetomas: Emarellia grisea gen. nov., sp. nov., and Emarellia paragrisea sp. nov
Authors: Borman Andrew M. , Desnos-Ollivier Marie , Campbell Colin K. , Bridge Paul D. , Dannaoui Eric , Johnson Elizabeth M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Eumycetoma is a debilitating, chronic, fungal infection that is endemic in India, Indonesia, and parts of Africa and South and Central America. It remains a neglected tropical disease in need of international recognition. Infections follow traumatic implantation of saprophytic fungi and frequently require radical surgery or amputation in the absence of appropriate treatment. Several fungal species can cause black-grain mycetomas, including
Madurella
spp. (
Sordariales
),
Falciformispora
spp.,
Trematosphaeria grisea
,
Biatriospora mackinnonii
,
Pseudochaetosphaeronema larense
, and
Medicopsis romeroi
(all
Pleosporales
). We performed phylogenetic analyses based on five loci on 31 isolates from two international culture collections to establish the taxonomic affiliations of fungi that had been isolated from cases of black-grain mycetoma and historically classified as
Madurella grisea
. Although most strains were well resolved to species level and corresponded to known agents of eumycetoma, six independent isolates, which failed to produce conidia under any conditions tested, were only distantly related to existing members of the
Pleosporales
. Five of the six isolates shared >99% identity with each other and are described as
Emarellia grisea
gen. nov. and sp. nov; the sixth isolate represents a sister species in this novel genus and is described as
Emarellia paragrisea.
Several
E. grisea
isolates were present in both United Kingdom and French culture collections and had been isolated independently over 6 decades from cases of imported eumycetoma. Four of the six isolates involved patients that had originated on the Indian subcontinent. All isolates were all susceptible
in vitro
to the azole antifungals, but had elevated MICs with caspofungin.
Influence of Culture Media on Detection of Carbapenem Hydrolysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ramos Ana Carolina , Carvalhaes Cecília Godoy , Cordeiro-Moura Jhonatha Rodrigo , Rockstroh Anna Carolina , Machado Antonia Maria Oliveira , Gales Ana Cristina 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

In this study, we evaluated the influence of distinct bacterial growth media on detection of carbapenemase hydrolysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. False-negative results were observed for OXA-25-, OXA-26-, and OXA-72-producing
Acinetobacter baumannii
isolates grown on MacConkey agar medium. The other culture media showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting carbapenemase.
Hamstring strength and flexibility after hamstring strain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Maniar Nirav , Shield Anthony J , Williams Morgan D , Timmins Ryan G , Opar David A 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence base related to hamstring strength and flexibility in previously injured hamstrings.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesA systematic literature search was conducted of PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and EMBASE from inception to August 2015.Inclusion criteriaFull-text English articles which included studies which assessed at least one measure of hamstring strength or flexibility in men and women with prior hamstring strain injury within 24 months of the testing date.ResultsTwenty-eight studies were included in the review. Previously injured legs demonstrated deficits across several variables. Lower isometric strength was found <7 days postinjury (d=−1.72), but this did not persist beyond 7 days after injury. The passive straight leg raise was restricted at multiple time points after injury (<10 days, d=−1.12; 10–20 days, d=−0.74; 20–30 days, d=−0.40), but not after 40–50 days postinjury. Deficits remained after return to play in isokinetically measured concentric (60°/s, d=−0.33) and Nordic eccentric knee flexor strength (d=−0.39). The conventional hamstring to quadricep strength ratios were also reduced well after return to play (60:60°/s, d=−0.32; 240:240°/s, d=−0.43) and functional (30:240°/s, d=−0.88), but these effects were inconsistent across measurement methods.ConclusionsAfter hamstring strain, acute isometric and passive straight leg raise deficits resolve within 20–50 days. Deficits in eccentric and concentric strength and strength ratios persist after return to play, but this effect was inconsistent across measurement methods. Flexibility and isometric strength should be monitored throughout rehabilitation, but dynamic strength should be assessed at and following return to play.
Comparison of uptake of long-acting reversible contraception after abortion from a hospital or a community sexual and reproductive healthcare setting: an observational study
Authors: Cameron Sharon T , Glasier Anna , Johnstone Anne 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundUptake of the most effective long-acting reversible methods of contraception (LARC) immediately after abortion has been shown to reduce a woman's risk of further abortion. We aimed to compare the uptake of LARC at abortion services from a hospital department of obstetrics and gynaecology and a specialist contraceptive setting of a community sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service within the same city.MethodsRetrospective database review of women (n=2473) requesting abortion who were assessed at either a community SRH service or a hospital department of obstetrics and gynaecology, in the same UK city over a period of 1 year. The main outcome measures were immediate post-abortal uptake of LARC from each site.ResultsA higher proportion of women assessed at the SRH service received LARC after abortion [50.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–0.53%] compared to those attending the hospital site (39.2%; 95% CI 0.36–0.42%;p<0.0001). Amongst women having an outpatient early medical abortion, LARC uptake at the SRH was twice that of the hospital setting (48.4% vs 23.3%;p<0.0001).ConclusionsHigher uptake of immediate post-abortal LARC was observed amongst women who were assessed at the specialist contraceptive service in the community SRH setting compared to the hospital setting. Further research is required to determine the reasons for these observations since all abortion services should provide the same high-quality contraceptive service to women undergoing abortion.
Initial and mid-term results from 108 consecutive patients with cerebral aneurysms treated with the WEB device
Authors: Clajus Christin , Strasilla Christoph , Fiebig Tom , Sychra Vojtech , Fiorella David , Klisch Joachim 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionThe Woven EndoBridge (WEB) is a novel device for the treatment of wide-necked intracranial bifurcation aneurysms. The present series demonstrates our ‘real-world experience’ in the use of all iterations of WEB devices (available in Europe) in ruptured and unruptured aneurysms.MethodsWe analyzed our all-inclusive cerebrovascular database for patients treated with the WEB device between October 2010 and May 2015. Anatomic and clinical results are reported for all patients.ResultsOne hundred and eight patients with 114 intracranial aneurysms were included in the series. Forty-seven aneurysms (41.2%) were ruptured. Eighty-six patients received angiographic and clinical follow-up after a mean of 13.4 months. One hundred and ten of 114 WEB devices (96.5%) were deployed successfully. Thromboembolic complications occurred in 11 of 110 interventions (10.0%), with a new permanent deficit in one patient. Re-rupture after WEB treatment was detected in two aneurysms (4.3%), which had both initially presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiographic follow-up revealed adequate occlusion in 68 of 90 aneurysms (75.6%). Fifteen aneurysms required retreatment.ConclusionsThis series confirms a high level of safety and efficacy of the WEB device for the treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.
NADPH oxidase inhibitor improves outcome of mechanical reperfusion by suppressing hemorrhagic transformation
Authors: Tuo Yong-Hua , Liu Zhong , Chen Jian-Wen , Wang Qing-Yuan , Li Song-Lin , Li Ming-Chang , Dai Gang , Wang Jin-Shan , Zhang Yong-Li , Feng Lei , Shi Zhong-Song 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundSevere hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after mechanical thrombectomy predicts a poor clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke. To better understand the mechanism of HT, we investigated the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) in HT after reperfusion during acute stroke and whether NOX2/4 inhibitor VAS2870 reduces reperfusion-induced HT after mechanical recanalization.MethodsA model of reperfusion-induced HT was established in rats (n=182) with hyperglycemic challenge and 5 h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 19 h reperfusion. NOX inhibitor VAS2870 was delivered intravenously 30 min before reperfusion. Infarct volume, brain water content, HT, neurological score, mortality rate, blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage, neuronal apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species were determined at 24 h after cerebral ischemia. The expressions of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and BBB-associated proteins were measured.ResultsNOX2 and NOX4 upregulation and severe HT were observed in hyperglycemic rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. VAS2870 suppressed oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and NOX2/4 upregulation in the ischemic hemisphere. VAS2870 reduced infarct volume (17.2±5.3% vs 37.4±9.2%, p<0.01) and the frequency of reperfusion-induced parenchymal hematoma (29.7% vs 59.5%, p<0.05) at 24 h after ischemia compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group. VAS2870 attenuated brain edema and reduced reperfusion-induced BBB breakdown, resulting in improved neurological outcome (neurological deficit score 1.43±0.50 vs 2.43±0.93, p<0.001) and reduced mortality (11.9% vs 64.1%, p<0.001).ConclusionsNOX2 and NOX4 may mediate HT in rats with large vessel stroke after mechanical reperfusion. Infusion of NOX inhibitor VAS2870 before mechanical thrombectomy represents a novel adjunctive therapeutic strategy to prevent reperfusion-induced HT and improve outcome of acute stroke treatment.
HFE-Associated Hereditary Haemochromatosis
Authors: Eijkelkamp Emmeke J , Yapp Thomas R , Powell Lawrie W 
Published: April 2016

Hereditary hemochromatosis is a common inherited disorder of the iron metabolism. Screening studies indicate that it has a prevalence of one in 200 to 400, depending on the population studied, and a carrier rate of about one in seven to one in 10. Feder et al identified the hereditary hemochromatosis gene (HFE) in 1996 and two candidate mutations; the C282Y mutation has been shown to be responsible for the majority of the hereditary hemochromatosis cases worldwide. The gene discovery has led to rapid advances in the field of iron metabolism. Although the basic defect is still not fully understood, much is known about the sequence of events leading to iron overload.Hereditary hemochromatosis is a major candidate for population screening and meets the screening criteria of the World Health Organization, and Wilson and Jungner. It is one of the most prevalent genetic diseases in white populations, and, importantly, early diagnosis and simple effective treatment allow normal life expectancy.The discovery of theHFEgene and the frequency of the single C282Y mutation as a cause of most cases of hereditary hemochromatosis allow the possibility of widespread genetic testing. However, the logistics, and the psychological and social consequence of this, coupled with incomplete expression of the genotype, necessitate further studies before population screening can be justified.
Use of Community Resources before Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery is Associated with Postsurgical Quality of Life
Authors: Moskovitz David Norman , Maunder Robert Gordon , Cohen Zane , McLeod Robin Susan , MacRae Helen 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND: Research in chronic illness shows that community resources can have a lasting influence on the course of the illness; however, little research has been done to evaluate the community agencies that specifically address the needs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.OBJECTIVES: To survey awareness of community agency resources among patients who have surgery for IBD, and to analyze the association between using these resources and qualitative postsurgical outcomes.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ninety-two subjects who had surgery over a 12-month period completed, in full, the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), and a self-report instrument used to probe awareness and use of local community resources. Community resources were divided into two groups: those involving primarily social and educational participation (’social/ educational’) and those involving some individualized attention, usually from a professional or trained lay facilitator (’professional/individual’). The contribution of presurgical participation in each type of resource to postsurgical quality of life was tested using ANOVA, with IBDQ score as the dependent variable. The ANOVA was repeated with postsurgical disease activity as a covariable. IBDQ subscale scores were compared between groups that were found to differ in the ANOVA.RESULTS: Almost all subjects were aware of at least one available resource. Participation in resources before surgery was variable, but 50% of the sample participated in at least one social/educational resource, and 46.9% participated in at least one professional/individual support. For the 92 subjects who completed both the IBDQ and the survey of resources, ANOVA revealed a main effect of professional/individual resource use on postsurgical quality of life but no main effect of social/educational resources and no interaction.DISCUSSION: The association between presurgical participation in professional or individualized community resources and better subjective outcome of IBD surgery may be explained by a positive contribution of participation to coping with surgery for IBD. The data do not support the alternative explanation that subjects with less severe disease (and thus better outcome) have greater ability to participate, although further research is required.