bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Nanosilica Concentration in Synthetic-Based Mud for HP/HT Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 176036, “Optimal Nanosilica Concentration in Synthetic-Based Muds for High-Pressure/High-Temperature Wells,” by Norazwan Wahid and Muhammad Aslam Md. Yusof, Petronas, and Nor Hazimastura Hanafi, Scomi Oiltools, prepared for the 2015 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 20–22 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
At certain conditions, the good performance of synthetic-based mud (SBM) will degrade, particularly because of the effect of chemical instability under high temperature. The study of nanoparticles in smart fluids in drilling operations has been gaining attention worldwide. This study intends to describe the improvement in performance of SBM with silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanopowder (nanosilica) at different concentrations.
Introduction
Recently, research into the use of nanotechnology to design smart fluids containing nanoparticles has been conducted. This enhanced formulation with nanoparticles is intended to become a system optimizer, particularly with an aim toward enhancing filtration performance and providing better rheological behavior. The use of nanoparticles as a system optimizer corresponds with the fact that nanoparticles have better thermal stability [good for high-pressure/ high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions], are able to serve as bridging agents in fluid-loss systems to control lost circulation, and form Pickering emulsions for stabilizer systems.
Although this research began almost a decade ago, there is no consensus about what percentage of nanoparticles must be added to a system to achieve optimal performance of the drilling fluid in reducing the drilling-fluid cost in total. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the role of nanosilica in improving SBM rheological properties and to identify the optimal concentration of nanosilica in SBM formulations.
Experimental Approach
The first part of this study focuses on the performance of nanosilica in the base-mud system, where the testing temperature is 275°F, to understand its behavior at normal drilling temperatures. The second part of this study focuses on evaluating the performance of enhanced SBM formulations with nanosilica at the onset of HP/HT conditions (350°F). The concentration of nanosilica became the modifying parameter in the analysis, and it varies from 20 to 60% of the commercial-fluid-loss-control-additive weight [0.16 to 1.05% of total mud weight (MW)]. Overall, the study focuses on mud properties such as MW, plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), gel strength, electrical stability, and HP/HT fluid-loss volume. A process flow chart, as well as a discussion of testing equipment, is provided in the complete paper.
How Visualization Technology Is Maximizing Uptime
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 176810, “How Visualization Technology Is Maximizing Uptime,” by Ruth Christie, Claire Fleming, and Bob Donnelly, SeaEnergy, and Sean Huff, SE Innovation, prepared for the 2015 SPE Middle East Intelligent Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Abu Dhabi, 15–16 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
This paper will show that visualization technology, particularly spherical photographic visual-asset management (VAM), has positively affected the offshore industry by creating a wide array of efficiencies. Visualization technology has played a key role in reducing operational expenditure (OPEX) and improving collaboration, thus maximizing uptime across the industry throughout the asset life cycle.
Introduction
Historically, “visualization” for those responsible for topside campaigns has meant relying upon computer-aided-design models created from “as-built” drawings. Unfortunately, the significant drawback of these drawings is that they are rarely kept up to date. As assets now exceed their original life expectancy, thanks to new technologies and engineering practices available to the industry, they often end up being very different than when they were first built.
VAM
The rise of VAM technology has helped operating companies create efficiencies through better planning and improved operational practices. The technology provides a cost-effective alternative by providing up-to-date and high-quality representations of assets that can be used to plan major campaigns as well as routine tasks. The technology simplifies the complex data held within as-built drawings by providing a visual context that is similar to that which users would see if they were standing on the asset itself. This helps the information held within the drawings, and the information within other systems in use for that asset, to be more easily understood.
Spherical photographic VAM technology uses high-quality photographic images to create the ultimate visual representation of the asset, providing a view of the location that is as close to physically being present as possible. The superior quality of the photographs enables users to view at extremely close range the condition, structure, fabric, and content of an asset in a high level of detail.
Performance Philosophy: audience participation and responsibility
Authors: Breemen Alice 
Published: January 2017

This article critically assesses the position of the spectator in philosophy and (participatory) performances. By means of an in-depth reading of Rancière’s notion of the emancipated spectator, Kester’s theory of dialogical aesthetics and a case study of the performance Order of the Day, an account of the changing position of the audience in contemporary society and in artistic events is established. Research into the responsibility of the spectator in both philosophy and performance can broaden our understanding of the production and perception of knowledge in an age of media omnipresence. The field of Performance Philosophy provides potential for analyzing where performance and philosophy overlap and how this contributes to asking critical questions and generating new perspectives on how we occupy certain positions in society.
Changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position after maxillary protraction with different alternate rapid maxillary expansion and construction protocols: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Celikoglu Mevlut , Buyukcavus Muhammet Hilmi 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions and the position of the hyoid bone after maxillary protraction with different alternate rapid maxillary expansion and construction (Alt-RAMEC) protocols in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion as a result of maxillary retrusion.

Material and Methods:
The patients with skeletal class III malocclusions were consecutively divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 17 patients (11 boys and 6 girls, mean age 11.31 ± 1.71 years) who had the Alt-RAMEC protocol for 5 weeks, and group 2 consisted of 17 patients (10 boys and 7 girls, mean age 11.64 ± 1.24 years) who had the Alt-RAMEC procedure for 9 weeks. In this study, 4 angular and 13 linear measurements were performed to evaluate the skeletal and pharyngeal airway changes that occurred after maxillary protraction.

Results:
A significant increase in the maxillary growth, inhabitation of mandibular growth, and clockwise rotation of the mandible caused the improvement of the maxillo-mandibular relationship in both groups. Those changes caused a significant increase in the upper pharyngeal airway dimension (P &lt; .01) and affected the vertical position of the hyoid bone in both groups (P &lt; .05 and P &lt; .01, respectively). However, changes that occurred in both groups were found to be similar for all airway variables (P &gt; .05).

Conclusion:
Upper pharyngeal dimension and vertical position of the hyoid bone were affected by the maxillary protraction with different Alt-RAMEC protocols. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups.
Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification–based diagnostic assays for detection of Pasteurella multocida and hemorrhagic septicemia–associated P multocida serotype B:2
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed M. , Bennett Mark D. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop 2 rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for detection of Pasteurella multocida DNA (Pm-LAMP assay) and P multocida DNA from strains associated with hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in cattle and buffalo (HS-LAMP assay).
SAMPLE Solutions containing 16 P multocida strains and 9 other bacterial species at various concentrations.
PROCEDURES Optimal conditions were determined for running the Pm-LAMP and HS-LAMP assays. The assays were then used to detect DNA of the test organisms. Results of LAMP assays were validated against conventional PCR assays designed for specific detection of P multocida and the B:2 serotype of HS-associated strains.
RESULTS Following incubation of sample reaction mixtures for 27 minutes, specificity and sensitivity of the HS-LAMP assay at template DNA amounts as low as 5 pg were 93% and 97%, respectively. When duplicates of each sample were incubated for 28 minutes (a positive result defined as positive results for both reactions of a given sample), specificity and sensitivity of the HS-LAMP assay in the same conditions increased to 100%. The best specificity and sensitivity of Pm-LAMP single (93% and 91%) and duplicate (97% and 98%) reactions at template DNA amounts as low as 10 pg were achieved at 33 and 34 minutes, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These preliminary findings suggested the developed HS-LAMP assay had high sensitivity and specificity for detection of HS-associated P multocida. Additional research is needed to determine the accuracy of the assay for use on clinical specimens obtained in HS-endemic countries such as Pakistan and Thailand.
Radiographic assessment of the cardiac silhouette in clinically normal large- and small-breed dogs
Authors: Mostafa Ayman A. , Berry Clifford R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine manubrium heart scores (MHSs) from measurements of cardiac short-axis length (cSAL) and long-axis length (cLAL) relative to the corresponding manubrium length (ML) on thoracic radiographic views of dogs and assess correlation of MHSs with vertebral heart scores (VHSs).
ANIMALS 120 clinically normal large-breed dogs (LBDs) and small-breed dogs (SBDs).
PROCEDURES On right lateral views (RLVs) and ventrodorsal views (VDVs) for each dog, cSAL and cLAL were measured and expressed as a ratio; the cSAL:ML ratio (short-MHS), cLAL:ML ratio (long-MHS), and cSAL-and-cLAL:ML ratio (overall-MHS) were also calculated. The VHS was determined from the RLV. Correlation of VHS with MHS was assessed.
RESULTS On RLVs and VDVs, mean cSAL:cLAL ratios were 0.77 (SD, 0.05) and 0.72 (SD, 0.05), respectively, in 60 LBDs and 0.81 (SD, 0.06) and 0.78 (SD, 0.06), respectively, in 60 SBDs. In LBDs, mean short-MHS, long-MHS, and overall-MHS were 2.1 (SD, 0.22), 2.7 (SD, 0.24), and 4.8 (SD, 0.5), respectively, on RLVs and 2.3 (SD, 0.26), 3.2 (SD, 0.34), and 5.4 (SD, 0.6), respectively, on VDVs. In SBDs, mean short-MHS, long-MHS, and overall-MHS were 2.4 (SD, 0.39), 2.9 (SD, 0.50), and 5.3 (SD, 0.83), respectively, on RLVs and 2.5 (SD, 0.44), 3.2 (SD, 0.51), and 5.8 (SD, 0.92), respectively, on VDVs. Mean VHSs were 10.73 (SD, 0.52) and 10.27 (SD, 0.81) in LBDs and SBDs, respectively. A significant correlation was identified between VHS and each MHS in LBDs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the dogs evaluated, radiographic cardiac dimensions and MHSs were correlated. Validity of the MHS for cardiac dimension assessment in other healthy dogs and dogs with cardiac disease warrants investigation.
Effects of various diets on the calcium and phosphorus composition of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larvae) and superworms (Zophobas morio larvae)
Authors: Latney La'Toya V. , Toddes Barbara D. , Wyre Nicole R. , Brown Dorothy C. , Michel Kathryn E. , Briscoe Johanna A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the nutritive quality of Tenebrio molitor larvae and Zophobas morio larvae, which are commonly cultured as live food sources, is influenced by 4 commercially available diets used as nutritional substrates; identify which diet best improved calcium content of larvae; and identify the feeding time interval that assured the highest calcium intake by larvae.
ANIMALS 2,000 Zophobas morio larvae (ie, superworms) and 7,500 Tenebrio molitor larvae (ie, mealworms).
PROCEDURES Larvae were placed in control and diet treatment groups for 2-, 7-, and 10-day intervals. Treatment diets were as follows: wheat millings, avian hand feeding formula, organic avian mash diet, and a high-calcium cricket feed. Control groups received water only. After treatment, larvae were flash-frozen live with liquid nitrogen in preparation for complete proximate and mineral analyses. Analyses for the 2-day treatment group were performed in triplicate.
RESULTS The nutrient composition of the high-calcium cricket feed groups had significant changes in calcium content, phosphorus content, and metabolizable energy at the 2-day interval, compared with other treatment groups, for both mealworms and superworms. Calcium content and calcium-to-phosphorus ratios for larvae in the high-calcium cricket feed group were the highest among the diet treatments for all treatment intervals and for both larval species.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A 2-day interval with the high-calcium cricket feed achieved a larval nutrient composition sufficient to meet National Research Council dietary calcium recommendations for nonlactating rats. Mealworm calcium composition reached 2,420 g/1,000 kcal at 48 hours, and superworm calcium composition reached 2,070g/1,000 kcal at 48 hours. These findings may enable pet owners, veterinarians, insect breeders, and zoo curators to optimize nutritive content of larvae fed to insectivorous animals.
Precision and reliability of indirect population assessments for the Caspian red deerCervus elaphus maral
Authors: Soofi Mahmood , Ghoddousi Arash , Hamidi Amirhossein Kh. , Ghasemi Benjamin , Egli Lukas , Voinopol‐Sassu Ana‐Johanna , Kiabi Bahram H. , Balkenhol Niko , Khorozyan Igor , Waltert Matthias 
Published: January 2017

The elusive Caspian red deerCervus elaphus marallives at low densities in rugged forest habitats of the Caucasus and the south Caspian region, and its declining population requires urgent attention. We here address the precision and reliability of dung counts (fecal standing crop approach FSC) and camera trapping (random encounter model REM) for estimating its population size. We surveyed 36 km of strip transects arranged in systematic random design and applied 1585 camera trap nights of effort in the mountainous forest habitats of Golestan National Park, Iran. We also conducted a dung decay analysis of 80 samples. Dung decay rates were not habitat‐specific and the mean time to decay was 141.8 ± 15.1 days, i.e. only ca 52% of the most reliable estimate available for red deer dung. Estimated deer population size and density from dung counts was lower (194 ±46 individuals, 0.46 ±0.11 individuals km−2, 2012–2013) than from REM (257 ±84 individuals, 0.61 ± 0.20 individuals km−2, 2011), but this difference was insignificant. Both these estimates confirm a sharp decline of the population from an estimated 2096 animals in the 1970s. Density estimates reached a stable level and were most precise at a sampling effort of 15 transects (FSC) and 1345 camera trap‐days (REM). Our results confirm that FSC and REM can both be reliable for assessing populations of Cervidae.
Evaluating Plant Population and Replant Method Effects on Peanut Planted in Twin Rows
Authors: Sarver J.M. , Tubbs R.S. , Beasley J.P. , Culbreath A.K. , Grey T.L. , Rowland D. L. , Smith N.B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Achieving and maintaining an adequate plant stand is a major priority when making planting and early season management decisions in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Unpredictable and often extreme weather and high disease pressure in the southeastern United States can contribute to poor emergence and below-optimum plant stands. When plant stand is affected, replanting may be agronomically justified. This study was designed to determine i) the effect of plant stand on pod yield, market grade, and disease incidence in peanut seeded in a twin row pattern, (ii) if replanting is a viable option in a field with a below adequate stand and, iii) the best method for replanting peanut when an adequate stand is not achieved. Field trials were established at two locations in south Georgia in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate peanut production at four plant stands (7.4, 9.8, 12.3, and 14.8 plants/m [total plants/m across both units, or ‘twins' of the twin row pattern) and four replant methods (no replant, destroy the original stand and replant at a full seeding rate, add a reduced rate of seed to supplement the original stand with a single row between the original rows, and supplement with two additional rows with one between and the other next to the original rows). Replanting occurred when the stand had been established, an average of 24 days after initial planting. Pod yield at a stand of 12.3 plants/m was 6.6 and 5.8% greater than at a stand of 7.4 and 9.8 plants/m, respectively, with no benefit from increasing plant stand beyond 12.3 plants/m. Market grade was also maximized at 12.3 plants/m. Disease incidence was unaffected by plant stand. Yield was increased by supplementing an initial stand of 9.8 plants/m in both a single additional row and in two additional rows by 8.3 and 6.6%, respectively. A full replant of the original stand always resulted in lower yield, while grade was slightly increased in the full replant treatment. While an initial stand of 12.3 plants/m was needed in order to maintain yield potential, replanting via supplemental seed addition can recover lost yield at stands below this level.
Origin of X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Emission from the Galactic Central Region
Authors: Chernyshov D. O. , Cheng K.-S. , Dogiel V. A. , Ko C. M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We study a possible connection between different non-thermal emissions from the inner few parsecs of the Galaxy. We analyze the origin of the gamma-ray source 2FGL J1745.6−2858 (or 3FGL J1745.6−2859c) in the Galactic Center (GC) and the diffuse hard X-ray component recently found by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, as well as the radio emission and processes of hydrogen ionization from this area. We assume that a source in the GC injected energetic particles with power-law spectrum into the surrounding medium in the past or continues to inject until now. The energetic particles may be protons, electrons, or a combination of both. These particles diffuse to the surrounding medium and interact with gas, magnetic field, and background photons to produce non-thermal emissions. We study the spectral and spatial features of the hard X-ray emission and gamma-ray emission by the particles from the central source. Our goal is to examine whether the hard X-ray and gamma-ray emissions have a common origin. Our estimations show that, in the case of pure hadronic models, the expected flux of hard X-ray emission is too low. Despite the fact that protons can produce a non-zero contribution in gamma-ray emission, it is unlikely that they and their secondary electrons can make a significant contribution in hard X-ray flux. In the case of pure leptonic models, it is possible to reproduce both X-ray and gamma-ray emissions for both transient and continuous supply models. However, in the case of the continuous supply model, the ionization rate of molecular hydrogen may significantly exceed the observed value.
Factors Influencing Nursing Student Self-Assessment in Relation to Instructor Assessment
Authors: Hadid Salam 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Self-assessment in nursing education is a ubiquitous tool for developing independent learners and critical thinkers. However, self-assessment may be influenced by both demographic and perceptual factors, making it far more complex than students or instructors realize.

Method:

A demographically heterogeneous group of nursing students (
N
= 322) was asked to evaluate their performance of a standard clinical procedure—the insertion of a needle into a peripheral vein of an arm simulator; their assessments were compared with those of an instructor.

Results:
Self-assessment is influenced by gender, age, and faith. When student and instructor assessments were compared, a mismatch was found for gender and faith. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between evaluation mismatch and self-efficacy.

Conclusion:

Results of self-assessment, commonly considered an effective tool for teaching skills in general, and clinical work in particular may be skewed by both demographic and perceptual factors. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(2):70–76.]
Performance Evaluation of an IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Network on a Coastal Environment
Authors: Flores-Cortés Carlos , Buenrostro-Mariscal Raymundo , Gurrero-Ibañez Antonio , Estrada-González Fermín , Sandoval-Orozco Jesus 
Published: January 2017

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have an enormous potential for investigating oceanographic problems such as the impact of industrial, touristic and commercial activities in coastal areas, among others. However, ocean waves, fog, humidity and other environmental conditions make difficult communication between nodes. This paper presents an evaluation on-site of the performance of an IEEE 802.15.4 WSN. In particular, received signal strength indication, throughput, round trip delay time and the rate of efficiency are evaluated. Different settings were tested and results shown which settings performed better on these environments.
An Interactive Macrophage Signal Transduction Map Facilitates Comparative Analyses of High-Throughput Data
Authors: Wentker Pia , Eberhardt Martin , Dreyer Florian S. , Bertrams Wilhelm , Cantone Martina , Griss Kathrin , Schmeck Bernd , Vera Julio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMacrophages (Mϕs) are key players in the coordination of the lifesaving or detrimental immune response against infections. The mechanistic understanding of the functional modulation of Mϕs by pathogens and pharmaceutical interventions at the signal transduction level is still far from complete. The complexity of pathways and their cross-talk benefits from holistic computational approaches. In the present study, we reconstructed a comprehensive, validated, and annotated map of signal transduction pathways in inflammatory Mϕs based on the current literature. In a second step, we selectively expanded this curated map with database knowledge. We provide both versions to the scientific community via a Web platform that is designed to facilitate exploration and analysis of high-throughput data. The platform comes preloaded with logarithmic fold changes from 44 data sets on Mϕ stimulation. We exploited three of these data sets—human primary Mϕs infected with the common lung pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis—in a case study to show how our map can be customized with expression data to pinpoint regulated subnetworks and druggable molecules. From the three infection scenarios, we extracted a regulatory core of 41 factors, including TNF, CCL5, CXCL10, IL-18, and IL-12 p40, and identified 140 drugs targeting 16 of them. Our approach promotes a comprehensive systems biology strategy for the exploitation of high-throughput data in the context of Mϕ signal transduction. In conclusion, we provide a set of tools to help scientists unravel details of Mϕ signaling. The interactive version of our Mϕ signal transduction map is accessible online at https://vcells.net/macrophage.