bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of therapeutic principles in a therapeutic community
Authors: Capone Georgina , Braham Louise , Schroder Thomas , Moghaddam Nima 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore staff and service users’ perceptions of therapeutic principles within a unique male high secure learning disability therapeutic community (LDTC).

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach was adopted using deductive content analysis and inductive thematic analysis. In total, 12 participants took part in a semi-structured interview to explore their perceptions of Haigh’s (2013) quintessence principles and any further additional therapeutic features in the environment not captured by the theory.

Findings
All five quintessence principles were identified in the LDTC environment. Some limits to the principle of “agency” were highlighted, with specific reference to difficulties implementing a flattened hierarchy in a forensic setting. Additional therapeutic features were identified including; security and risk, responsivity, and more physical freedom which appear to aid implementation of the quintessence principles.

Research limitations/implications
The study was performed within a single case study design. Therefore, results remain specific to this LDTC. However, the finding of these principles in such a unique setting may indicate Haigh’s (2013) quintessence principles are evident in other TC environments.

Originality/value
This is the first research paper that has attempted to test whether Haigh’s (2013) quintessence principles are evident within a given therapeutic community. The research provides empirical evidence for the quintessence principles in a novel TC setting and suggests recommendations for future research.
Therapeutic communities and group analysis
Authors: Lees Jan , Haigh Rex , Tucker Sarah 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight theoretical and clinical similarities between therapeutic communities (TCs) and group analysis (GA).

Design/methodology/approach
Literature review shows comparison of TC and group-analytic concepts with illustrative case material.

Findings
Findings reveal many similarities between TCs and GA, but also significant divergences, particularly in practice.

Practical implications
This paper provides theoretical basis for TC practice, and highlights the need for greater theorising of TC practice.

Social implications
This paper highlights the importance of group-based treatment approaches in mental health.

Originality/value
This is the first paper to review the relevant literature and compare theory and practice in TCs and GA, highlighting their common roots in the Northfields Experiments in the Second World War.
Attachment, motivation, and clinical progress in a Filipino therapeutic community: a mediation analysis
Authors: Ramos Sixtus Dane 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The therapeutic community (TC) is a widely used intervention program in treating substance use disorders. Despite its documented utility, researchers and practitioners are still perplexed on how it exactly works. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the role of attachment styles and treatment motivation in the TC process.

Design/methodology/approach
Applying an explanatory correlational research, this notion was tested by examining the responses of 200 patients with substance use disorder in a TC using mediation analysis.

Findings
The results revealed that attachment styles indirectly affect client’s clinical progress by the path of treatment motivation. Although the current study cannot conclude causality, the results provide empirical evidence suggesting that attachment activates motivation in treatment within the social dynamics of the TC, thus influencing clinical progress.

Originality/value
From these findings, recommendations for the modification of TCs along with considerations for further research, and socio-political implications are discussed.
Reducing Inmate Misconduct and Prison Returns with Facility Education Programs
Authors: Pompoco Amanda , Wooldredge John  , Lugo Melissa , Sullivan Carrie , Latessa Edward J. 
Published: May 2017

Research SummaryParticipants and nonparticipants in Ohio prison education programs were compared in rates of misconduct during incarceration and prison returns after release. Propensity score matching was used to compare male nonparticipants with males who completed or started but did not complete GEDs, vocational training/apprenticeship programs, and college classes (each education group examined separately). More than 92,000 males were eligible for study, reflecting all men admitted to Ohio prisons between January 2008 and June 2012. Inmates who earned GEDs or completed college classes were less likely than nonprogram inmates to engage in violence during incarceration, whereas completing vocational training and apprenticeship programs had no such effect on any type of inmate misconduct examined. On the other hand, completing vocational training and apprenticeship programs, GEDs, or college classes at any point during incarceration coincided with lower rates of prison returns within 3 years after release. None of these benefits accrued to inmates who started but did not complete these programs/classes.Policy ImplicationsThe provision of GED programs and college classes to prison inmates may help to reduce levels of violence during incarceration, thus, providing safer facility environments for both inmates and staff. GED programs, college classes, and vocational training/apprenticeship programs may also help offenders to refrain from returning to prison, perhaps by providing knowledge and skills that enhance their employability in desirable jobs after release. The absence of comparable findings for inmates who started but did not complete these activities, however, underscores the importance of completion, providing incentive for state policy makers and correctional administrators to encourage inmates to complete these pursuits.
Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Biofilms Using Bacteriophage BPECO 19
Authors: Sadekuzzaman Mohammad , Yang Sungdae , Mizan Md. Furkanur Rahaman , Ha Sang‐Do 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBiofilm formation is a growing concern in the food industry. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important foodborne pathogens that can persists in food and food‐related environments and subsequently produce biofilms. The efficacy of bacteriophage BPECO 19 was evaluated against three E. coli O157:H7 strains in biofilms. Biofilms of the three E. coli O157:H7 strains were grown on abiotic (stainless steel, rubber, and minimum biofilm eradication concentration [MBECTM] device) and biotic (lettuce) surfaces at different temperatures. The effectiveness of bacteriophage BPECO 19 in reducing preformed biofilms on these surfaces was further evaluated by treating the surfaces with a phage suspension (108 PFU/mL) for 2 h. The results indicated that the phage treatment significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the number of adhered cells in all the surfaces. Following phage treatment, the viability of adhered cells was reduced by ≥3 log CFU/cm2, 2.4 log CFU/cm2, and 3.1 log CFU/peg in biofilms grown on stainless steel, rubber, and the MBECTM device, respectively. Likewise, the phage treatment reduced cell viability by ≥2 log CFU/cm2 in biofilms grown on lettuce. Overall, these results suggested that bacteriophages such as BPECO 19 could be effective in reducing the viability of biofilm‐adhered cells.
A trophic interaction framework for identifying the invasive capacity of novel organisms
Authors: Penk Marcin , Saul Wolf‐Christian , Dick Jaimie T.A. , Donohue Ian , Alexander Mhairi E. , Linzmaier Stefan , Jeschke Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

The likelihood and impacts of invasions by novel organisms (e.g. non‐native species, genetically modified organisms) on the composition and functioning of receiving biological communities hinges on their capacity to exploit resources and/or avoid predation relative to resident counterparts. While assessment of invasion risk based on the comparison of functional responses (per‐capita consumption rate as a function of resource density) of novel species with native analogues has been gaining popularity, it may be undermined if alternative prey and potential predators are not represented realistically.

Here, we propose a conceptual framework that enables rigorous identification of trophic traits conducive to invasion success by novel organisms—irrespective of their trophic position—and their likely ecological impacts, given their arrival and establishment. We focus on consumption here, but our framework can also be used for autotrophic energy acquisition, and extended to non‐trophic and indirect interactions.

The framework enables a structured and prioritized selection of subsets of trophic links for invasion risk assessment. It is based on foraging theory and advances in comparative functional responses in invasion ecology. It can even be used in the absence of a resident comparator organism and when resources or predators are only partly known.

Our approach enhances the predictive power of species screening, and thus advances prevention and management of invasions under a common framework for all types of novel organisms.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) inhibits spontaneous contraction of the mouse atrium by possible activation of the NPY1 receptor
Authors: Oki Y. , Teraoka H. , Kitazawa T. 
Published: May 2017

Summary

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) causes various central and peripheral actions through activation of G‐protein‐coupled NPY receptors. Although a species‐dependent difference in cardiac actions of NPY has been reported, the responses to NPY have not been examined in mice, widely used experimental animals. This study aimed to clarify the responses to NPY and the receptor subtype involved in the responses in mouse atrium.

Neuropeptide Y caused negative inotropic and negative chronotropic actions in spontaneous beating right atria. Negative inotropic actions were more marked than negative chronotropic actions. Therefore, negative inotropic actions were studied in detail for evaluation of the NPY‐induced cardiac actions in mouse atrium.

Neuropeptide Y‐induced negative inotropic actions were not affected by atropine but were abolished in the atria from pertussis toxin‐treated mice.

In isolated atrial preparations from reserpine‐treated mice, NPY‐induced negative inotropic actions were significantly attenuated.

[Leu31, Pro34]‐NPY, but not peptide YY, was effective in decreasing spontaneous contraction in atrial preparations.

Although Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptor mRNAs were expressed almost equally in the brain, NPY1 receptor mRNA was dominantly expressed in the atrium.

In conclusion, NPY caused negative inotropic and chronotropic actions through activation of the Y1 receptor in the mouse atrium. A high expression level of Y1 mRNA in the atrium suggests a functional role of NPY in the regulation of mouse cardiac contraction.
Impairment of insulin signalling in peripheral tissue fails to extend murine lifespan
Authors: Merry Troy L. , Kuhlow Doreen , Laube Beate , Pöhlmann Doris , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. , Kahn C. Ronald , Ristow Michael , Zarse Kim 
Published: May 2017

SummaryImpaired insulin/IGF1 signalling has been shown to extend lifespan in model organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. Here we sought to determine the effect of targeted disruption of the insulin receptor (IR) in non‐neuronal tissues of adult mice on the lifespan. We induced hemizygous (PerIRKO+/−) or homozygous (PerIRKO−/−) disruption of the IR in peripheral tissue of 15‐weeks‐old mice using a tamoxifen‐inducible Cre transgenic mouse with only peripheral tissue expression, and subsequently monitored glucose metabolism, insulin signalling and spontaneous death rates over 4 years. Complete peripheral IR disruption resulted in a diabetic phenotype with increased blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in young mice. Although blood glucose levels returned to normal, and fat mass was reduced in aged PerIRKO−/− mice, their lifespan was reduced. By contrast, heterozygous disruption had no effect on lifespan. This was despite young male PerIRKO+/− mice showing reduced fat mass and mild increase in hepatic insulin sensitivity. In conflict with findings in metazoans like Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, our results suggest that heterozygous impairment of the insulin signalling limited to peripheral tissues of adult mice fails to extend lifespan despite increased systemic insulin sensitivity, while homozygous impairment shortens lifespan.
Adolescents’ exposure to paid alcohol advertising on television and their alcohol use: exploring associations during a 13‐year period
Authors: White Victoria , Azar Denise , Faulkner Agatha , Coomber Kerri , Durkin Sarah , Livingston Michael , Chikritzhs Tanya , Room Robin , Wakefield Melanie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsTo determine (i) whether Australian adolescents’ exposure to television alcohol advertisements changed between 1999 and 2011 and (ii) examine the association between television alcohol advertising and adolescent drinking behaviours.DesignCross‐sectional surveys conducted every 3 years between 1999 and 2011. Analyses examined associations between advertising exposures and reported drinking.SettingFive Australian major cities.ParticipantsStudents aged 12–17 years participating in a triennial nationally representative school‐based survey residing in the television advertising markets associated with the major cities (sample size range per survey: 12 644–16 004).MeasurementsOutcome measures were: drinking in the past month, past week and past‐week risky drinking (5+ drinks on a day). The key predictor variable was past‐month adolescent‐directed alcohol advertising Targeted Rating Points (TRPs, a measure of television advertising exposure). Control measures included student‐level characteristics, government alcohol‐control advertising TRPs, road safety (drink‐driving) TRPs and time of survey.FindingsAverage monthly adolescent alcohol TRPs increased between 1999 (mean = 2371) to 2005 (mean = 2679) (P < 0.01) then decreased between 2005 and 2011: (mean = 880) (P < 0.01). Multi‐level logistic regression analyses that adjusted for survey timing, student level factors and alcohol‐control advertising variables showed a significant association between past‐month alcohol TRPs and past‐month drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.15), past‐week drinking (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06–1.14) and past‐week risky drinking (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09–1.22). Past‐week risky drinking was associated inversely with road safety TRPs (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.49–0.98).ConclusionsWhile Australian adolescents’ exposure to alcohol advertising on television reduced between 1999 and 2011, higher levels of past‐month television alcohol advertising were associated with an increased likelihood of adolescents’ drinking. The reduction in television alcohol advertising in Australia in the late 2000s may have played a part in reducing adolescents’ drinking prevalence.
Morphological Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal Cavity (Tongue, Palate and Laryngeal Entrance) in the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Abumandour M. M. A. , El‐Bakary N. E. R. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe present study represents the first definitive anatomical description of the oropharyngeal cavity of the coot Fulica atra. For this purpose, the organs of six birds were prepared to examine grossly and by SEM and stereomicroscope. The oval lingual apex had multiple overlapping branched acicular processes on its anterior and lateral border. The lingual apex and body had multiple caudally directed filiform‐like papillae. By stereomicroscopy, the lingual root had a characteristic appearance and consisted of four parts. The openings of the anterior glands were present on the dorsal lingual surface of the body, while the projected papillae with wide openings of the posterior glands were present on the dorsal surface of lingual root. There was a row of caudally directed pharyngeal papillae at the caudal border of the laryngeal mound. Grossly, the pharyngeal papillae arrangement took a W‐shape, while by stereomicroscopy was observed to be heart shape. The palate was divided into two regions: a small rostral non‐papillary and a large caudal papillary region, but the rostral region was characterized by the presence of three longitudinal ridges. The papillary crest had two paramedian longitudinal papillary rows, which continued caudally until the beginning of the third median row. The freely distributed papillae took a caudolateral direction, while the papillae encircling the rostral part of choanal cleft took a caudomedial direction. There was a transverse papillary row between the two parts of choanal cleft. There was a transverse papillary row between the caudal border of the infundibular cleft and oesophagus.
Abnormal ratio of CD57+ cells to CD56+ cells in women with recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Jiang Ruiwei , Yan Guijun , Xing Jun , Wang Zhilong , Liu Yong , Wu Hongyan , Fan Xiangshan , Zhou Jianjun , Ding Lijun , Sun Haixiang 
Published: May 2017

ProblemTo define a more precise parameter for a better understanding of natural killer (NK) cells and its relation with regulatory T cells (Tregs) in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF).Method of studyThe percentages of CD56+ cells, CD57+ cells and Foxp3+ cells in the endometrium and blood from 23 normal controls and 32 women with RIF were measured by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry.ResultsWomen with RIF had significantly increased ratio of CD57+ cells to CD56+ cells in both the endometrium (P<.01) and blood (P<.05), and decreased percentage of Foxp3+ cells in the endometrium (P<.05). There was a significant negative correlation between CD57+ cells to CD56+ cells ratio and the percentage of Foxp3+ cells in the blood of RIF patients (P<.05).ConclusionOur study provides a novel assessment parameter, CD57+ cells to CD56+ cells ratio, to evaluate NK cells and its relation with Tregs in RIF patients.
A novel K+ competitive acid blocker, YH4808, sustains inhibition of gastric acid secretion with a faster onset than esomeprazole: randomised clinical study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Yi S. , Lee H. , Jang S. B. , Byun H. M. , Yoon S. H. , Cho J.‐Y. , Jang I.‐J. , Yu K.‐S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundYH4808, a K+‐competitive acid blocker, is under clinical development for the treatment of acid‐related disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease.AimsTo determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of YH4808, compared to placebo and esomeprazole.MethodsThis double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐ and active comparator (esomeprazole)‐controlled study was conducted with 123 healthy male volunteers. We evaluated YH4808 (30‐800 mg) properties, administered in single (N=55) and multiple (N=24) oral doses, and recorded the effects on 24‐hour intragastric acidity. Results were compared to placebo (N=20) and esomeprazole 40 mg (N=24).ResultsPlasma YH4808 exposure increased dose‐proportionally and declined in a multi‐phasic manner. YH4808 ≥200 mg/d maintained intragastric acidity at pH >4 for longer times than esomeprazole during both day and night (%Time at pH >4: >70% vs 58% of a 24‐hour period, respectively; and >50% vs 33% of a 9‐hour night respectively). A twice‐daily regimen of YH4808 more effectively controlled intragastric pH at night than a once‐daily regimen. In evaluating the mean areas under the intragastric pH‐time curves in 15‐minute intervals for 2 hours after dosing, we found that YH4808 had a faster onset than esomeprazole. Moreover, unlike esomeprazole, YH4808 PK and PD were not significantly affected by the CYP2C19 genotype of the subjects. YH4808 was well‐tolerated at all doses administered.ConclusionThis study showed that YH4808 produced a rapid, sustained suppression of gastric secretion with good tolerability. The results at YH4808 ≥200 mg/d provide a rationale for further clinical investigations in populations with acid‐related diseases.
A clinical review of communication training for haematologists and haemato‐oncologists: a case of art versus science
Authors: Christie Deborah , Glew Sarah 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe art of communication at times seems at odds with the science of medicine. Poor communication is associated with risks for patient and physician. Communication skills are highly relevant for haematologists and are associated with increased physician and patient satisfaction, positive psychosocial outcomes and possible health outcomes. Medical communication training has recently become widespread but is largely restricted to junior medical professionals. In haematology, the proliferation of high quality communication skills is low and there are few interventions catering for the required skillset. A review identified five applicable interventions for haematologists. There is variation in intervention length and structure, and most studies measure targeted skill fidelity rather than patient outcomes. Work on motivation and empowerment holds potential for haematological conditions, but is largely absent from care. This review highlights the need for new interventions for haematologists which focus on producing and maintaining positive patient outcomes.
The impact of telephone‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Doyle Colleen , Bhar Sunil , Fearn Marcia , Ames David , Osborne Debra , You Emily , Gorelik Alex , Dunt David 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe main objectives of this pragmatic randomized controlled trial were to investigate the impact of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and an active social control (befriending) on depression and anxiety symptoms in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsEligible participants were randomly allocated to receive eight weekly telephone interventions of CBT (n = 54) or befriending (n = 56). Repeated‐measures ANOVA was used to assess changes in scores and Cohen's d was used to assess effect sizes.ResultsSignificant improvement was observed in anxiety symptoms for the befriending group from baseline (T1) to post‐intervention assessment (T2) and to 8‐week follow‐up assessment (T3), with a small to medium effect size (Cohen's d = 0.3). Significant improvement was noted in depression symptoms from T1 to T2 for both groups, but only the CBT group had a significant difference at T3, with a small to medium effect size (Cohen's d = 0.4). For secondary outcomes, there was a significant change in COPD symptoms from T1 to T2 for the befriending group; however, at T3 this change was no longer significant. Finally, there was a significant change in general self‐efficacy for both groups between T1 and T2, and T1 and T3.ConclusionCognitive behaviour therapy reduced depression symptoms but not anxiety. Befriending reduced depression symptoms in the short term and anxiety symptoms in both the short term and long term. Further research is needed to demonstrate non‐inferiority of telephone delivery compared with other formats, and to understand the impact of befriending which has the potential to be a cost‐effective support for people with COPD.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Mood disorders are not commonly routinely treated in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Telephone‐administered CBT has been shown to be as effective as face‐to‐face CBT in reducing depression and anxiety.

What does this study add?

Telephone‐administered CBT can reduce depression symptoms in people with COPD.

Telephone‐administered befriending can reduce anxiety and depression symptoms in people with COPD.

People with COPD who have mood disorders would prefer to have CBT than befriending.