bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les formes de la sauvagerie, de la brutalité et de l’urbanité chez V. S. Naipaul et R. Bolaño
Authors: Brito Luciano 
Published: July 2017

L’histoire conceptuelle européenne a souvent défini le sauvage à partir de deux stéréotypes : celui de l’antonymie entre sauvage et urbain et celui selon lequel l’urbain devient sauvage. Le présent article cherche à montrer comment, sans quitter l’enfermement du stéréotype, les romans de V. S. Naipaul et R. Bolaño transforment les idées reçues en forme littéraire et art du roman. Ce serait à partir de l’idée d’autodissolution romanesque que leurs récits deviennent sauvages : le roman, qui s’écrit en même temps qu’il se détruit, trouverait son point de subversion en se camouflant à l’intérieur du stéréotype de la sauvagerie. Un parcours synthétique sur l’histoire de ces stéréotypes, à travers la lecture de L’Énigme de l’arrivée et 2666 se fait nécessaire dans le but de comprendre comment une forme devient sauvage : à partir de quel moment le roman affirme son inconstance, s’autorise toute sorte de renversements et réduit toute stratégie d’identification.
Villes, diasporas, cosmopolitisme(s) : une perspective historienne
Authors: Grenet Mathieu , Smyrnelis Marie-Carmen 
Published: July 2017

Cet entretien s’attache à interroger à la fois la pertinence de la notion de « cosmopolitisme » dans l’étude des diasporas en contexte urbain et l’apport comme l’originalité de la perspective historienne dans un champ d’étude que les historiens n’ont investi que depuis deux à trois décennies. Il revient sur des enjeux clés tels que l’historiographie du cosmopolitisme, la méthodologie historique, les phénomènes de coexistence ou de convivance, ou encore la place des réseaux dans l’articulation spatiale du phénomène diasporique à plusieurs échelles.
Diaspora italienne et identités urbaines à Tunis, xixe-xxie siècle
Authors: Giudice Christophe 
Published: July 2017

Au milieu du xixe siècle, les Italiens participent au mouvement d’expansion urbaine de Tunis du fait de leurs positions sociales et de leur présence dans le secteur de la construction. Après l’établissement du protectorat français en 1881, la physionomie de cette communauté est transformée par l’arrivée de nouveaux éléments, surtout originaires de Sicile et de condition modeste. Cette minorité autrefois privilégiée et proche du pouvoir beylical subit un déclassement. Des quartiers spécifiques apparaissent : Petite Sicile, Petite Calabre ou Venise. Le lien avec la « mère patrie », conservé malgré la distance, permet à la communauté de s’affirmer comme diaspora, avec une conscience nationale dominée par des oppositions sociales et régionales. Après 1945, les Italiens – identifiés collectivement au fascisme – subissent des politiques répressives de la part des autorités françaises et beaucoup quittent le pays.
Evaluation of effects of morphine and ionizing radiation in cancer cell lines
Authors: Naderi Jamal , Samani Fariba , Amooheidari Alireza , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy , Vahabzadeh Gelareh , Vaseghi Golnaz 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
Breast and cervical cancers are the two most common cancers among women worldwide. Morphine is a potent analgesic for cancer pain, and radiation therapy is a conventional treatment for cancer. Unfortunately, the combined adjuvant cellular effects of morphine and ionizing radiation in cancer cells are largely unknown.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we examined the effects of morphine and single radiation dose of 2 Gy on viability and survival fraction of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231 and human cervical cancer cell line HeLa, by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays. We were also interested in evaluating these effects in human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well.

Results:
We found that morphine did not have a dose- and time-dependent manner in endothelial, breast, and cervical cancer cells in vitro. It seems that pretreatment of breast and cervical cancer cells with morphine at some doses before irradiation reduces the cytotoxic effect of radiation. We also observed that endothelial cells were less sensitive than breast and cervical cancer cells to radiation or morphine + radiation. Based on the results of endothelial cells, morphine or radiation might not have a selective effect on the viability and clonogenic survival of different cell lines.

Conclusions:
Our data may suggest that morphine and radiotherapy could not be administered together to breast and cervical cancer patients if additional and in vivo studies confirm our results.
Organic aerosol source apportionment by offline-AMS over a full year in Marseille
Authors: Bozzetti Carlo , El Haddad Imad , Salameh Dalia , Daellenbach Kaspar Rudolf , Fermo Paola , Gonzalez Raquel , Minguillón María Cruz , Iinuma Yoshiteru , Poulain Laurent , Elser Miriam , Müller Emanuel , Slowik Jay Gates , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Baltensperger Urs , Marchand Nicolas , Prévôt André Stephan Henry 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. We investigated the seasonal trends of OA sources affecting the air quality of Marseille (France), which is the largest harbor of the Mediterranean Sea. This was achieved by measurements of nebulized filter extracts using an aerosol mass spectrometer (offline-AMS). In total 216 PM2. 5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter  <  2.5 µm) filter samples were collected over 1 year from August 2011 to July 2012. These filters were used to create 54 composite samples which were analyzed by offline-AMS. The same samples were also analyzed for major water-soluble ions, metals, elemental and organic carbon (EC ∕ OC), and organic markers, including n-alkanes, hopanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), lignin and cellulose pyrolysis products, and nitrocatechols. The application of positive matrix factorization (PMF) to the water-soluble AMS spectra enabled the extraction of five factors, related to hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), cooking OA (COA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), oxygenated OA (OOA), and an industry-related OA (INDOA). Seasonal trends and relative contributions of OA sources were compared with the source apportionment of OA spectra collected from the AMS field deployment at the same station but in different years and for shorter monitoring periods (February 2011 and July 2008). Online- and offline-AMS source apportionment revealed comparable seasonal contribution of the different OA sources. Results revealed that BBOA was the dominant source during winter, representing on average 48 % of the OA, while during summer the main OA component was OOA (63 % of OA mass on average). HOA related to traffic emissions contributed on a yearly average 17 % to the OA mass, while COA was a minor source contributing 4 %. The contribution of INDOA was enhanced during winter (17 % during winter and 11 % during summer), consistent with an increased contribution from light alkanes, light PAHs (fluoranthene, pyrene, phenanthrene), and selenium, which is commonly considered as a unique coal combustion and coke production marker. Online- and offline-AMS source apportionments revealed evolving levoglucosan : BBOA ratios, which were higher during late autumn and March. A similar seasonality was observed in the ratios of cellulose combustion markers to lignin combustion markers, highlighting the contribution from cellulose-rich biomass combustion, possibly related to agricultural activities.
Stability analysis of geomagnetic baseline data obtained at Cheongyang observatory in Korea
Authors: Amran Shakirah M. , Kim Wan-Seop , Cho Heh Ree , Park Po Gyu 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The stability of baselines produced by Cheongyang (CYG) observatory from the period of 2014 to 2016 is analysed. Step heights of higher than 5 nT were found in H and Z components in 2014 and 2015 due to magnetic noise in the absolute-measurement hut. In addition, a periodic modulation behaviour observed in the H and Z baseline curves was related to annual temperature variation of about 20 °C in the fluxgate magnetometer hut. Improvement in data quality was evidenced by a small dispersion between successive measurements from June 2015 to the end of 2016. Moreover, the baseline was also improved by correcting the discontinuity in the H and Z baselines.
Credibility of Sunnah
Authors: Alomar Ahmad 
Published: July 2017

Credibility of Sunnah
Islamic Law (Sharia) consists primarily of the Qur’an, the actual word of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad during his lifetime. The Qur’an itself is relatively short, compact and immutable. It was revealed in Classical Arabic and in a very poetic and elaborate format. Many parts of it are not easy to understand even for educated speakers of Arabic. In order to understand the meaning of some of its provisions and to be able to apply its teachings to changing times and societies, recourse is often made to other sources of Islamic law, first and foremost the Sunnah, or traditions of the Prophet Muhammad. The Sunnah consists of historic records of things the Prophet did or said in various situations during his lifetime. Because of the Prophet’s exalted position as God’s messenger, his words and deeds are considered supreme guidance for Muslims anywhere, as they are seeking to understand the teachings of Islam and its application to their lives. The problem with the Sunnah is, however, that the historic record of the words and deeds of the Prophet is not always clear and reliable. Therefore, giving the force of law to these words and deeds can be problematic. Distinguishing reliable and unreliable Sunnah is critically important. Muslim believe in many hadiths that may directly contradict the Qur’an, scientific evidence, fundamental principles of law and human rights, or each other. This article examines the Sunnah and the science of verifying hadith and argues that a more cautious approach should be taken and that Muslims around the world are being taught many rules that are supposedly rules of Islamic law where at the very least we cannot be sure. Instead of declaring thousands of weak hadith to be binding elements of Islamic law, we should be more discerning between strong and weak hadith and only treat those that are verifiable as binding. Other rules can still be persuasive if they meet certain conditions, in particular compatibility with the Qur’an itself, but they must not be used to impose rules on Muslims against their will, let alone against the provisions of the Qur’an.
A More Forceful Collective Redress Schemes in the EU Competition Law
Authors: Juška Žygimantas 
Published: July 2017

A More Forceful Collective Redress Schemes in the EU Competition Law: What Is the Potential for Achieving Full Compensation?
The damages actions reform of the European Union is predetermined to fail in achieving its stated goal of full compensation. There are two main reasons for this. First, the Directive on damages actions fails to maintain a balance between the claims of direct and indirect purchasers. Second, the EU policy is not designed to collect a large group of antitrust victims, who have suffered only a low-value harm (e.g., end consumers). The only way to achieve compensation effectiveness is to overstep the bounds of the EU compensatory regime, which is trapped in the grip of conservatism. In such circumstances, this article will explore three forceful scenarios of collective redress that include different types of deterrence-based remedies. The principal aim is to assess the chances of these scenarios in achieving full compensation. After assessing them, the best possible mechanism for compensating victims will be designed. In turn, it will allow the evaluation of to what extent such a scheme can ensure the achievement of full compensation.
Het besloten club- en het ingezetenencriterium voor coffeeshops
Authors: van Ooyen-Houben Marianne , Bieleman Bert , Korf Dirk , De Witte Kristof 
Published: July 2017

The private club and the residence criterion, a natural experiment
The retail sale of cannabis in coffee shops is tolerated in the Netherlands, provided that certain criteria are met. Two criteria were added in 2012: the private club and the residence criterion. The plan was to implement them first in the southern provinces and later in the other provinces. This created an opportunity for a natural experiment. In an experimental group of seven municipalities in the south and a matched comparison group of municipalities in the other part of the country pre- and post-measurements were conducted. The size of the drug tourism, the number of visits to coffee shops, the illegal cannabis consumer market and the nuisance experienced in the direct vicinity of coffee shops was assessed. Robust changes occurred in the experimental group after implementation of the new criteria. Initial differences between the groups and variation in local implementation caused doubts about drawing causal conclusions. This article analyzes whether such conclusions can be drawn. We conclude that due to the broad design of the research it appears that the observed changes can be attributed to the new criteria despite the methodological shortcomings in the study.
De invloed van snelle analyseresultaten op de interpretatie van een plaats delict
Authors: Meeuwissen Jaimy , de Gruijter Madeleine , de Poot Christianne 
Published: July 2017

The influence of rapid analysis results on the interpretation of a crime scene: an experimental study
Mobile identification techniques will, in the near future, make it possible to rapidly analyze DNA and fingerprint traces during a crime scene investigation, compare them with reference samples, and use the results in the investigation. In this experimental study the influence of these rapid analysis results on the formation of hypotheses, and of database matches in these results on the interpretation of traces by Crime Scene Investigators (CSIs) in the Netherlands was studied. A group of CSIs (N=65) conducted a simulated crime scene investigation. The analysis results as well as the moment these were provided were manipulated. The results show that the analysis results influence the formation of hypotheses by CSIs, and that this influence is time-dependent. Judgments by CSIs regarding the importance of traces were shown not to be influenced by database matches.
Pathologists' Computer-Assisted Diagnosis: A Mock-up of a Prototype Information System to Facilitate Automation of Pathology Sign-out
Authors: Farahani Navid , Liu Zheng , Jutt Dylan , Fine Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2017

Context.—
Pathologists' computer-assisted diagnosis (pCAD) is a proposed framework for alleviating challenges through the automation of their routine sign-out work. Currently, hypothetical pCAD is based on a triad of advanced image analysis, deep integration with heterogeneous information systems, and a concrete understanding of traditional pathology workflow. Prototyping is an established method for designing complex new computer systems such as pCAD.

Objective.—
To describe, in detail, a prototype of pCAD for the sign-out of a breast cancer specimen.

Design.—
Deidentified glass slides and data from breast cancer specimens were used. Slides were digitized into whole-slide images with an Aperio ScanScope XT, and screen captures were created by using vendor-provided software. The advanced workflow prototype was constructed by using PowerPoint software.

Results.—
We modeled an interactive, computer-assisted workflow: pCAD previews whole-slide images in the context of integrated, disparate data and predefined diagnostic tasks and subtasks. Relevant regions of interest (ROIs) would be automatically identified and triaged by the computer. A pathologist's sign-out work would consist of an interactive review of important ROIs, driven by required diagnostic tasks. The interactive session would generate a pathology report automatically.

Conclusions.—
Using animations and real ROIs, the pCAD prototype demonstrates the hypothetical sign-out in a stepwise fashion, illustrating various interactions and explaining how steps can be automated. The file is publicly available and should be widely compatible. This mock-up is intended to spur discussion and to help usher in the next era of digitization for pathologists by providing desperately needed and long-awaited automation.
Inovação em Software as a Service: funcionalidades em ferramentas de monitoramento de mídias sociais
Authors: Silva Tarcizio 
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo busca descrever o lançamento de inovação incremental em softwares de monitoramento de mídias sociais. A tática, típica de produtos SaaS (software as a service) vai ao encontro do conceito de beta perpétuo, característico das mídias sociais e web 2.0. Como estudo de caso, trazemos a referência ao lançamento de módulos de análise de redes baseadas em grafos em 4 fornecedoras de serviço: Sysomos, Pulsar, Digimind, V-Tracker.
Annual variation in recruitment rates for the sika deer (Cervus nippon) population in eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Uno Hiroyuki , Iijima Hayato 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo understand wildlife population dynamics, it is crucial to determine the factors influencing annual variations in recruitment rates. Over a 12‐year period (1995–2007), we conducted herd count surveys in Akan‐Mashu National Park, eastern Hokkaido, Japan, to investigate the recruitment rate of the sika deer (Cervus nippon) population. The observed trend revealed a decline in fawn‐female ratio (number of fawns per 100 females) from January to April each year. Furthermore, there was significant annual variation in recruitment rates (fawn‐female ratio in April). We analyzed the effects of relative density of sika deer, snow water equivalent (SWE), wind speed (WIND), and survey date on the number of females with or without a fawn using generalized linear mixed models. The selected model, including SWE, WIND, and survey date, highlighted SWE and WIND as strong determinants of recruitment rate. Conversely, the relative density index had no influence on recruitment rate. We hypothesize that the reduced availability of food resources and winter weather severity, due to snow cover and wind chill, led to fawn malnutrition and increased winter mortality.
Hyperparameter selection for dataset‐constrained semantic segmentation: Practical machine learning optimization
Authors: Boyd Chris , Brown Gregory C. , Kleinig Timothy J. , Mayer Wolfgang , Dawson Joseph , Jenkinson Mark , Bezak Eva 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurpose/aimThis paper provides a pedagogical example for systematic machine learning optimization in small dataset image segmentation, emphasizing hyperparameter selections. A simple process is presented for medical physicists to examine hyperparameter optimization. This is also applied to a case‐study, demonstrating the benefit of the method.Materials and methodsAn unrestricted public Computed Tomography (CT) dataset, with binary organ segmentation, was used to develop a multiclass segmentation model. To start the optimization process, a preliminary manual search of hyperparameters was conducted and from there a grid search identified the most influential result metrics. A total of 658 different models were trained in 2100 h, using 13 160 effective patients. The quantity of results was analyzed using random forest regression, identifying relative hyperparameter impact.ResultsMetric implied segmentation quality (accuracy 96.8%, precision 95.1%) and visual inspection were found to be mismatched. In this work batch normalization was most important, but performance varied with hyperparameters and metrics selected. Targeted grid‐search optimization and random forest analysis of relative hyperparameter importance, was an easily implementable sensitivity analysis approach.ConclusionThe proposed optimization method gives a systematic and quantitative approach to something intuitively understood, that hyperparameters change model performance. Even just grid search optimization with random forest analysis presented here can be informative within hardware and data quality/availability limitations, adding confidence to model validity and minimize decision‐making risks. By providing a guided methodology, this work helps medical physicists to improve their model optimization, irrespective of specific challenges posed by datasets and model design.
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based Fuzzy PID Controller Design for Speed Tracking Control of Separately Excited DC Motor
Authors: Wubu Dessale Akele , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan , Alitasb Girma Kassa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFuzzy logic control is the most common method utilized to tune proportional integral derivative (PID) controller parameters online. However, proportional integral derivative controllers often perform poorly in the control of nonlinear and/or complicated systems, such as direct current motors, where the model parameters are not exactly known if the scaling factors are not properly selected besides the membership function and rule sets in a fuzzy logic controller design. Finding the most suitable scaling factors for complex systems where the model parameters are not exactly known or nonlinear systems is a challenging task. Furthermore, traditional trial and error techniques of determining appropriate scaling factors are experience based, time consuming, and may not always provide optimal response. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is suggested for optimizing the input and output gains of the fuzzy PID controller. The robustness and effectiveness of the suggested controller was validated using MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the suggested controller is compared with the Ziegler Nichols and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm tuned PIDs, and fuzzy PID controllers. The simulation result show that the fuzzy PID controller whose scaling factor was tuned using particle swarm optimization outperforms the other controllers in avoiding disturbance and has a better trajectory tracking capability.
Atomically Dispersed Fe‐N4 Bridged with MoOx Clusters as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Yuyang , Zhao Xuqian , Kang Jianghao , Zhou Xiaojie , Ma Lixia , Yang Yingguo , Jiang Ruibin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with low cost, high activity, and long‐term durability are highly desired for rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (RZABs). However, the design of such catalysts is a significant challenge. Herein, a new bifunctional electrocatalyst composed of atomically dispersed Fe‐N4 sites bridged with MoOx clusters (FeN4/MoOx) on carbon black substrate is designed for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) involved in liquid and flexible RZABs. The FeN4/MoOx is prepared by pyrolyzing hematin porcine adsorbed on carbon black, followed by hydrothermal growth of MoOx. In the FeN4/MoOx catalyst, the Fe atoms are atomically dispersed and penta‐coordinated with four pyrrolic N atoms and one O atom of MoOx clusters. Such a structure produces strong electronic interactions between the Fe and Mo atoms. The FeN4/MoOx electrocatalyst exhibits excellent ORR and OER activities, with an ORR half‐wave potential of 0.902 V, an OER overpotential of 337 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and an ultrasmall potential gap of 0.665 V. Liquid and flexible RZABs based on the FeN4/MoOx catalyst show a high energy and power density, as well as excellent cycling stability and rechargeability. This work introduces a novel type of bifunctional catalysts consisting of connected single atoms and clusters for energy storage devices and wearable electronics.