bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium Hydroxylapatite in Regenerative Aesthetics: Mechanistic Insights and Mode of Action
Authors: van Loghem Jani 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Calcium hydroxylapatite–carboxymethylcellulose (CaHA-CMC) is a widely utilized soft tissue filler known for its compatibility with human tissue and for its effective volumizing properties. The biodegradable CaHA microspheres function as a scaffold for the formation of new tissue by stimulating a variety of cellular responses leading to the production of collagen, elastin, vasculature, and proteoglycans and thereby enhance skin quality. Despite the promising regenerative effects of CaHA-CMC, substantial gaps remain in understanding its precise underlying mechanisms, and addressing these gaps is crucial to optimizing its clinical applications. A literature search was conducted with PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for keywords, including “calcium hydroxylapatite,” “tissue regeneration,” “macrophages,” “fibroblasts,” and “calcium.” This review elucidates the novel mechanisms of CaHA-CMC action within aesthetic medicine, with a focus on the dynamic interactions between macrophages and fibroblasts. The key role of calcium ions as critical biological cues in directing skin regeneration pathways is explored alongside an examination of the distinct physicochemical properties of CaHA-CMC. CaHA-CMC helps in tissue regeneration by providing calcium ions that act as key biological cues, promoting fibroblast activity and collagen production.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hepatitis C Care in Reproductive-Aged Women With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Biondi Breanne E , Munroe Sarah , Lavarin Claudine , Curtis Megan R , Buzzee Benjamin , Lodi Sara , Epstein Rachel L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In the United States, hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnoses among reproductive-aged women are increasing amidst the ongoing opioid and drug overdose epidemic. While previous studies document racial and ethnic disparities in HCV testing and treatment in largely male populations, to our knowledge no national studies analyze these outcomes in reproductive-aged women with opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods
We analyzed data from a cohort of reproductive-aged women (aged 15–44 years) with diagnosed OUD captured in the TriNetX Research Network, a network of electronic health records from across the United States. Using a log-binomial model, we assessed differences in achieving HCV cascade of care stages (HCV antibody testing, HCV infection [positive HCV RNA test result], linkage to care, and HCV treatment) by race and ethnicity.

Results
From 2014 to 2022, 44.6% of the cohort were tested for HCV antibody. Asian and black/African American individuals had a lower probability of having an HCV antibody test than white individuals (risk ratio, 0.77 [95% confidence interval, .62–.96] and 0.76 [.63–.92], respectively). Among those with HCV infection, only 9.1% were treated with direct-acting antivirals. Hispanic/Latinx individuals had a higher probability of treatment than non-Hispanic/Latinx individuals (risk ratio, 1.63 [95% confidence interval, 1.01–2.61]).

Conclusions
Few reproductive-aged women with OUD are tested or treated for HCV. Disparities by race and ethnicity in HCV testing further exacerbate the risk of perinatal transmission and disease progression among minoritized communities. Interventions are needed to improve overall rates of and equity in HCV screening and treatment for reproductive-aged women.
A-347 A Comprehensive Exdia TRF-LFIA for Simultaneous Quantification of GFAP and NT-proBNP in Distinguishing Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Sayyed D R , Lee M , Hong S , Kim H , Kim H , Sanchez J , Choi S , Han E , Kang H , Kim J , Joan M , Kim H , Chae H , Park J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The goal of this study is to create a highly sensitive time-resolved fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay (TRF-LFIA) capable of concurrently measuring glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP). This assay is designed as a diagnostic tool and aims to provide an algorithm for stroke management, specifically for distinguishing between Ischemic stroke (IS) and Hemorrhagic stroke (HS). However, LFIA to quantify simultaneous serum NT-proBNP and GFAP are not yet available.

Methods
We have developed and validated a novel TRF-LFIA for the simultaneous quantitative detection of NT-proBNP and GFAP. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the immunoassay were significantly improved by employing specific monoclonal antibodies linked to europium nanoparticles (EuNPs) that specifically target NT-proBNP and GFAP. The detection area on the nitrocellulose membrane featured sandwich-style complexes containing three test lines for NT-proBNP, GFAP, and Control. The fluorescence intensity of these test lines on the nitrocellulose membrane was measured using an in-house developed Exdia TRF-Plus analyzer. As proof-of-concept, we enrolled patients suspected of having a stroke who were admitted within a specific time frame (6 hours). A small amount of clinical specimen (serum) was used with a well-assembled cartridge for the measurement of GFAP and NT-proBNP.

Results
To optimize the LFIA, an EuNPs conjugated antibodies were investigated to improve the detection sensitivity and decrease the background signal as well shorten the detection time. The Exdia TRF-LFIA cartridge offers a wide linear dynamic detection range, rapid detection, high sensitivity, and specificity. The limit of detection was determined to be 98 pg/mL for NT-proBNP and 68 pg/mL for GFAP, with minimal cross-reactivity. There were 200 clinical human serum samples that were used to evaluate this platform with high correlation. By combining the results of NT-proBNP and GFAP, we formulated an algorithm for the clinical assessment of Ischemic Stroke (IS) and Hemorrhagic Stroke (HS). According to our proposed algorithm, the combination of GFAP and NT-proBNP emerged as the most effective biomarker combination for distinguishing between IS and HS.

Conclusions
Exdia TRF-LFIA shows great potential as a supplemental method for in vitro diagnostics in the laboratory or in other point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. Its development substantially decreases the diagnosis time for IS and HS. The proposed algorithm not only minimizes treatment delays but also lowers medical costs for patients.
A-368 Feasibility of a Five-Minute Sample-to-Answer Basic Metabolic Panel for Point-of-Care Testing on the Fluxergy Analyzer
Authors: Charrault E , Zhen X , Dumitrescu E , Prakash P , Pineda E , Caron D , Hernandez B , Lamberg P , Sathyamoorthy K , Gandhi S , Singh A , Patel T , Heltsley R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Adoption of point-of-care (POC) platforms has been limited by their high cost and limited menu (e.g., molecular only). Fluxergy has developed a cost-effective multimodal POC platform capable of performing the most common clinical chemistry, immunochemistry, hematology, molecular tests in CLIA-waived settings. This method comparison study describes the performance of the Fluxergy’s feasibility stage basic metabolic panel (BMP) with contrived samples compared to the Siemen’s epoc® Blood Analysis System.

Methods
Fluxergy Analyzer: The Fluxergy Analyzer is a rapid and cost-effective multimodality platform that can perform lab-quality PCR, clinical chemistry, immunochemistry, and cytometry in a single instrument and if required, in a single cartridge. Fluxergy BMP: Fluxergy BMP rapidly quantifies key electrolytes (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl-) and metabolites (glucose, creatinine, and BUN) from whole blood in under five minutes on the Fluxergy Analyzer, utilizing the Fluxergy test cards with screen-printed electrochemical sensor. Feasibility Study: A method comparison study was conducted to assess the performance of the feasibility stage Fluxergy BMP using contrived samples generated by spiking known concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, and glucose into buffer solutions. Samples were tested in triplicate with both the Fluxergy BMP and Siemen’s epoc® Blood Analysis System at three different concentrations across the reportable range of the epoc® Blood Analysis System.

Results
The feasibility stage Fluxergy BMP demonstrated strong correlation across the reportable range for K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, and glucose versus the epoc® Blood Analysis System (Table 1). The error percentage for all samples tested except one glucose sample (9.5 mM) was less than 10%. The coefficient of variance for all samples tested except one Ca2+ sample (0.44 mM) was less than ten percent.

Conclusions
This feasibility data demonstrates the Fluxergy Analyzer is well-suited to perform rapid and accurate metabolic testing from whole blood samples at the POC.
Trends, prescribing patterns, and determinants of initial antiepileptic drug treatment in older epileptic patients
Authors: Singkham Noppaket , Saiwijit Pitsamai , Sangliamthong Papavee , Panthong Tawanrat , Wiangkham Hataikan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
There is no report on the initial antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment of older Thai epileptic patients. This study aimed to determine the trends, prescribing patterns, and determinants of initial AED treatment.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data on older (≥60 years) epileptic patients gathered from one tertiary-care hospital’s database from 2012 to 2022. We evaluated the trends and prescribing patterns for starting AED treatment. We used logistic regression to identify the determinants of the initial treatment with new-generation AEDs.

Key findings
This study comprised 919 participants (59.19% men, 70.99 ± 8.00 years old). Between 2012 and 2022, we observed a decreasing trend in starting therapy with old-generation AEDs, from 89.16% to 64.58%. In contrast, there was an increasing trend in initiating treatment with new-generation AEDs, from 10.84% to 35.72% (P for trend &lt;0.001 for both). Each assessment year, the most prescribed treatment pattern was monotherapy. The determinants of initial therapy with new-generation AEDs included the year treatment began (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 1.0006; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.0003–1.0008), non-Universal Coverage Scheme (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI 1.26–3.00), liver disease (AOR = 6.44; 95% CI 2.30–18.08), opioid use (AOR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.28–6.09), and statin use (AOR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.36–0.95).

Conclusions
There is a growing trend of initiating treatment with new-generation AEDs in older Thai patients with epilepsy. Factors positively associated with starting new-generation AEDs include the year treatment began, non-Universal Coverage Scheme, liver disease, and opioid use, while statin use is a negatively associated factor.
Epigenetic Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood of People With Neurosyphilis
Authors: Mostaghimi Darius , Mehta Sameet , Yoon Jennifer , Kosana Priya , Marra Christina M , Corley Michael J , Farhadian Shelli F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Epigenetic changes within immune cells may contribute to neuroinflammation during bacterial infection, but their role in neurosyphilis (NS) pathogenesis and response has not yet been established. We longitudinally analyzed DNA methylation and RNA expression in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 11 participants with laboratory-confirmed NS (CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test positive) and 11 matched controls with syphilis without NS (non-NS). DNA methylation profiles from CSF and PBMCs of participants with NS significantly differed from those of participants with non-NS. Some genes associated with these differentially methylated sites had corresponding RNA expression changes in the CSF (111/1097 [10.1%]), and included genes involved in B cell activation and insulin-response pathways. Despite antibiotic treatment, approximately 80% of CSF methylation changes associated with NS persisted, suggesting that epigenetic scars accompanying NS may persistently affect immunity following infection. Future studies must examine whether these sequelae are clinically meaningful.
ATP promotes protein coacervation through conformational compaction
Authors: Zhu Yueling , Lin Shiyan , Meng Lingshen , Sun Min , Liu Maili , Li Jingyuan , Tang Chun , Gong Zhou 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
ATP has been recognized as a hydrotrope in the phase separation process of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Surprisingly, when using the disordered RG/RGG-rich motif from HNRNPG protein as a model system, we discover a biphasic relationship between the ATP concentration and IDP phase separation. We show that at a relatively low ATP concentration, ATP dynamically interacts with the IDP, which neutralizes protein surface charges, promotes intermolecular interactions, and consequently promotes phase separation. We further demonstrate that ATP induces a compact conformation of the IDP, accounting for the reduced solvent exchange rate and lower compression ratio during phase separation. As ATP concentration increases, its hydrotropic properties emerge, leading to the dissolution of the phase-separated droplets. Our finding uncovers a complex mechanism by which ATP molecules modulate the structure, interaction, and phase separation of IDPs, and accounts for the distinct phase separation behaviors for the charge-rich RGG motif and other low-complexity IDPs.
The necessity of individually validated beam models for an interferometric epoch of reionization detection
Authors: Chokshi A , Barry N , Line J L B , Jordan C H , Pindor B , Webster R L 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
A first statistical detection of the 21-cm Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is on the horizon, as cosmological volumes of the Universe become accessible via the adoption of low-frequency interferometers. We explore the impact which non-identical instrumental beam responses can have on the calibrated power spectrum and a future EoR detection. All-sky satellite measurements of Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) beams have revealed significant sidelobe deviations from cutting-edge electromagnetic simulations at the ${\sim} 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ zenith power level. By generating physically motivated deformed beam models, we emulate real measurements of the MWA which inherently encode the imprints of varied beams. We explore two calibration strategies: using a single beam model across the array, or using a full set of deformed beams. Our simulations demonstrate beam-induced leakage of foreground power into theoretically uncontaminated modes, at levels which exceed the expected cosmological signal by factors of over $\sim$1000 between the modes k = 0.1–1 $h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$. We also show that this foreground leakage can be mitigated by including measured models of varied beams into calibration frameworks, reducing the foreground leakage to a sub-dominant effect and potentially unveiling the EoR. Finally, we outline the future steps necessary to make this approach applicable to real measurements by radio interferometers.
A network of cooler white dwarfs as infrared standards for flux calibration
Authors: Elms Abbigail K , Gentile Fusillo Nicola Pietro , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel , Bohlin Ralph C , Hollands Mark A , Sahu Snehalata , O’Brien Mairi W , Deustua Susana , Cunningham Tim 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The accurate flux calibration of observational data is vital for astrophysics and cosmology because absolute flux uncertainties of stellar standards propagate into scientific results. With the ever higher precision achieved by telescopic missions (e.g. JWST) in the infrared (IR), suitable calibrators are required for this regime. The basis of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) flux scale is defined by model fits of three hot (${T_\mathrm{eff}} &gt; 30\, 000$ K) hydrogen-atmosphere (DA) white dwarfs, which achieve an accuracy better than 1 per cent at optical wavelengths but falls below this level in the IR range. We present a network of 17 cooler DA white dwarfs with ${T_\mathrm{eff}} &lt; 20\, 000$ K as spectrophotometric flux standards that are equally, if not more, accurate at IR wavelengths. Cooler white dwarfs do not suffer from non-local thermal equilibrium effects in continuum flux or from ultraviolet metal line blanketing, have a larger sky density, are generally closer to Earth with little or negligible interstellar reddening, and have energy distributions peaking in the optical or near-IR. Using the latest grid of DA local thermal equilibrium atmosphere models with three-dimensional convection, the observed Space Telescope Imaging Spectrometer (STIS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) fluxes of our network are accurate to 3 per cent over most of the range $1450\!\! - \!\!16\, 000$ Å, with a median standard deviation of 1.41 per cent. Fitting the HST STIS and WFC3 white dwarf spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and Balmer lines independently yields SEDs that agree within $3\sigma$, which demonstrates the precision of the models for our network.
LGGL-01 “INTERVENTION OUTCOMES OF ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY PROTOCOL VERSUS STANDARD CARE FOR GLIOMA PATIENTS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: RANDOMIZATION AND STRATIFICATION OF PROVIDERS AND HOSPITALS”
Authors: Kamabu Larrey Kasereka , Glennie Ntsambi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to improve perioperative care and patient outcomes. A pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial will be conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to assess ERAS’ efficacy compared to the current standard of care (SOC) for glioma patients. Eligible providers will be randomized at the surgical team level to ERAS or SOC, ensuring consistent practices within teams. Hospitals representing diverse healthcare settings will be included, and randomization will be stratified by hospital to ensure balance. 100 glioma patients (50 in each group) will be included, and primary analysis expects fewer post-operative complications and shorter hospital stays in the ERAS group, with higher patient satisfaction. Subgroup analyses will be conducted by hospital center. Randomization and stratification aim to mitigate provider and hospital-specific influences, enhancing the study’s validity and equitable representation. This unique trial design seeks to provide insights into ERAS benefits for glioma patients in resource-constrained settings, guiding clinical practice and healthcare policy to improve care and outcomes.
MNGA-04 SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITIES IN ACCESS TO SUBSPECIALTY CARE FOR MENINGIOMA PATIENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Chiromo Mutsa , Fatade Eniola , Fonkem Ekokobe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Meningiomas, the most prevalent brain tumors, constitute nearly 40% of all head tumors, with the majority being benign. Presenting symptoms vary widely, including headaches, vision changes, seizures, and extremity weakness. Given the frequency of meningiomas and their diverse symptoms, access to subspecialty care is crucial for determining treatment necessity. However, existing global healthcare disparities often limit access to the necessary subspecialty care for addressing meningiomas. This literature review investigates the impact of socioeconomic disparities on neuro-oncologic care access, drawing from retrospective cohort studies and multi-cohort analyses. PubMed was utilized to search for articles published between 2000 and 2024, focusing on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and care access, treatment, and outcomes among meningioma patients. Demographic analyses across studies revealed disparities in access to care across age groups, from young adults (20-39 years old) to the elderly (60 years and older). Additionally, disparities were noted among racial and ethnic groups, including African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian populations. Geographic disparities were also evident, with studies spanning regions within the United States and globally, underscoring variations in healthcare access and outcomes. Findings consistently emphasized the disproportionate burden borne by individuals from lower SES backgrounds, characterized by delayed diagnosis, limited treatment options, and poorer survival rates compared to their higher SES counterparts. Structural barriers, such as inadequate health literacy, limited insurance coverage, and geographical constraints, were significant contributors to these disparities, perpetuating health inequities among meningioma patients. Addressing disparities requires comprehensive interventions, including policy reforms to improve insurance coverage, enhance specialist access, and promote culturally sensitive care. Prioritizing initiatives targeting socioeconomic barriers ensures equitable care for all meningioma patients. In conclusion, concerted efforts at all levels are needed to dismantle structural barriers and foster equitable healthcare access and delivery.
MNGA-05 INCREASED OCCURRENCE OF MENINGIOMA IN WOMEN: A META ANALYSIS
Authors: Fatade Eniola , Chiromo Mutsa , Fonkem Ekokobe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Meningiomas are the most prevalent primary Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, accounting for 40% of brain tumors in America and nearly 30% of primary inter-cranial tumors in Africa. Meningiomas exhibit gender and racial disparities in their demographic distribution, with a higher incidence rate in women compared to men. Here we performed a meta-analysis to analyze this association. This meta-analysis aims to systematically review the existing literature to determine the prevalence of meningioma in women across different populations and geographical regions. A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases including PubMed, and Ovid, from inception to 2024. Studies reporting the prevalence of meningioma in women were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of meningioma in women. A total of 6 studies was included in the meta-analysis, comprising 568,184 women. The pooled prevalence of meningioma in women compared to men was estimated to be 2.75. The prevalence of meningioma in women varies across age groups, with the highest rate observed in the 4th -5th decades. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of meningioma in women, highlighting a higher occurrence of meningioma in women. There is need for further research to explore the underlying factors epidemiological and hormonal factors to improve the health outcome for women with meningioma and for effective prevention.