bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating statistical moments of random systems based on appropriate reference variables
Authors: Fan Wenliang , Yang Pengchao , Wang Yule , H.-S. Ang Alfredo , Li Zhengliang 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find an accurate, efficient and easy-to-implement point estimate method (PEM) for the statistical moments of random systems.

Design/methodology/approach
First, by the theoretical and numerical analysis, the approximate reference variables for the frequently used nine types of random variables are obtained; then by combining with the dimension-reduction method (DRM), a new method which consists of four sub-methods is proposed; and finally, several examples are investigated to verify the characteristics of the proposed method.

Findings
Two types of reference variables for the frequently used nine types of variables are proposed, and four sub-methods for estimating the moments of responses are presented by combining with the univariate and bivariate DRM.

Research limitations/implications
In this paper, the number of nodes of one-dimensional integrals is determined subjectively and empirically; therefore, determining the number of nodes rationally is still a challenge.

Originality/value
Through the linear transformation, the optimal reference variables of random variables are presented, and a PEM based on the linear transformation is proposed which is efficient and easy to implement. By the numerical method, the quasi-optimal reference variables are given, which is the basis of the proposed PEM based on the quasi-optimal reference variables, together with high efficiency and ease of implementation.
Transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship
Authors: Chang Yi-Ying , Chang Che-Yuan , Chen Chung-Wen 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how transformational leadership may relate to corporate entrepreneurship by adopting a multilevel approach. The authors also theorized and tested the top-down and bottom-up intermediate process linking transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachMultisource data across different timeframes were collected from 129 managers and 244 employees from 55 units of 27 firms.FindingsThe results showed that transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship were positively related at the unit level. Furthermore, unit-level collective efficacy mediated the relationship between unit-level transformational leadership and unit-level corporate entrepreneurship. The authors also found that the firm-level empowerment climate moderated the indirect effect of unit-level collective efficacy on the relationship between unit transformational leadership and unit-level corporate entrepreneurship.Originality/valueFirst, the goal of this study is to extend the single focus of transformational leadership on corporate entrepreneurship (e.g. Linget al., 2008) and develop a more thoughtful approach on determining how transformational leaders influence corporate entrepreneurship across levels. This study responds to calls for research to look at the impact of unit-level transformational leaders, such as middle managers, across levels (Ren and Guo, 2011) and creates a multilevel framework in which transformational leaders at the unit level influence the appearance of corporate entrepreneurship at the unit level.
A wake for urban theory
Authors: Levenson Zachary 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn a critical essay on new books by Matthew Desmond and Mitchell Duneier, I interrogate the demise of social theory in urban sociology following what I call the consolidation of a post‐Wilsonian consensus: a turn from properly urban sociology to a field of descriptive poverty studies. This is what Duneier's intellectual history of the idea of the ghetto illustrates most unambiguously, viz. that sociologists today rarely study cities as such, but instead treat urban poverty that happens to occur in cities. Divorced from the theories of racialization, urban political economy, and space that once defined the subfield, writers have shifted toward a localist descriptivism, embodying what Castells once called phenomena in the city, but not of the city. This reluctance to theorize characterizes Desmond's book on evictions, his prior pleas for a relational ethnography notwithstanding. Far from laying out the field of evictions, I argue, he instead treats immediate landlord‐tenant relations, never exploring how the state, investors, and other key actors are involved in the process. As Duneier unwittingly demonstrates in Ghetto, urban theory withers away in the subfield at precisely the moment when it is needed to make sense of new processes of dispossession and dislocation that have characterized urban change in the United States since the implosion of the ghetto in the 1970s. Hopefully Evicted will serve as a clarion call to reverse this tendency with its rich descriptions of such processes. But this sort of reversal would require us to engage in a project of theoretical reconstruction, piecing together the insightful theoretical fragments scattered throughout Desmond's book, as he remains hesitant to promulgate an actually relational sociology.
Normal neonatal hearing screening did not preclude sensorineural hearing loss in two‐year‐old very preterm infants
Authors: van Noort‐van der Spek Inge L. , Goedegebure André , Hartwig Nico G. , Kornelisse René F. , Franken Marie‐Christine J. P. , Weisglas‐Kuperus Nynke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimVery preterm infants are at risk of neonatal hearing loss. However, it is unknown whether infants with a normal neonatal hearing screening result risk sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at a later age.MethodsThis cohort study was conducted at the Erasmus Medical University Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands, on 77 very preterm infants born between October 2005 and September 2008. All infants underwent auditory brainstem response audiometry during neonatal hearing screening and at two years of corrected age. The frequency of SNHL in infants with a normal neonatal hearing screening was analysed and the risk factors associated with newly diagnosed SNHL in these infants were examined.ResultsWe found that 3.9% (3/77) of the very preterm infants showed permanent hearing loss during their neonatal hearing screening. In addition, a relatively high prevalence of newly diagnosed SNHL (4.3%) was found in three of the 70 infants followed up at the age of two. The total prevalence rate of permanent hearing loss in the cohort was approximately 8%.ConclusionA normal outcome of neonatal hearing screening did not guarantee normal hearing at two years of age in this very preterm cohort and paediatricians should be alert to the possibility of late‐onset SNHL.
Latitudinal variation in the competition‐colonisation trade‐off reveals rate‐mediated mechanisms of coexistence
Authors: Bracewell Sally A. , Johnston Emma L. , Clark Graeme F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTheories of species coexistence often describe a trade‐off between colonising and competitive abilities. In sessile marine invertebrates, this trade‐off can manifest as trends in species distributions relative to the size of isolated patches of substrate. Based on their abilities to find available substrate and competitively exclude neighbours, good colonisers tend to dominate smaller patches, whereas better competitors tend to monopolise larger patches. In theory, species with equivalent colonising and competitive abilities should display similar distributions across patch sizes. We used patch size to observe this manifestation of the competition‐colonisation trade‐off over 20° of latitude. The trade‐off was more readily observed at lower latitudes and was proportional to the ‘ecological age’ of communities (i.e. the degree of resource acquisition and likelihood of species interactions). Results suggest that ecological age may mediate the prominence of stochastic or deterministic coexistence mechanisms and will depend on the rate of ecological processes.
The damage scale concept and the critical plane approach
Authors: Anes V. , de Freitas M. , Reis L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCritical plane criteria seek the plane in which their damage parameter has its maximum value. On this plane, the fatigue damage of both normal and shear stresses is updated to the same damage scale by a constant, typically based on material normal/shear fatigue limits. This paper focuses on the damage scale concept under a stress‐based critical plane standpoint, and the main objective is to evaluate its performance. To perform this study, data from the high strength steel 42CrMo4 were considered. Five proportional loading paths with different stress amplitude ratios and stress levels were analysed using 2 different multiaxial fatigue criteria, namely, the Findley critical plane model and the stress scale factor equivalent shear stress. Results show that the damage scale between normal and shear stress components varies accordingly to the loading plane direction considered.
The experience of waiting for a kidney transplant: A qualitative study
Authors: Burns Tania , Fernandez Ritin , Stephens Moira 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYBackground: In Australia over 1100 people are living on dialysis while waiting for a kidney transplant from a deceased donor. Worldwide there are an estimated 170,000 people who wait an average of three years before an organ becomes available.Objective: To provide an understanding of the lived experience of people waiting on dialysis for a kidney transplant from a deceased donor.Approach: A qualitative descriptive research design was used. Participants were recruited from a large metropolitan hospital. Two focus groups were conducted with six participants ranging in age from 29–63 years, with dialysis experience of 10–72 months. Data saturation was achieved and thematic analysis was used to interpret the data providing a descriptive account of the experience of waiting for a kidney transplant.Findings: Waiting for a kidney transplant takes place in the context of living on dialysis. Four main themes were identified: living on dialysis is physically and mentally demanding; living with uncertainty; altered relationship dynamics; and feelings towards the deceased donor.Conclusions: This study provides a descriptive summary of what it is like to live on dialysis while waiting for a kidney transplant from a deceased donor from the perspective of the person waiting. People are burdened by; uncertainty; the experience of the dialysis therapy; and the thought of the human cost of transplantation. These findings suggest that this cohort may benefit from strategies to relieve uncertainty such as effective communication from the treating team and peer support from the dialysis community.
Characterization of pharyngeal peristaltic pressure variability during volitional swallowing in healthy individuals
Authors: Balasubramanian G. , Sharma T. , Kern M. , Mei L. , Sanvanson P. , Shaker R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundRecent technological advances incorporated in high resolution manometry have justifiably heightened interest in manometric evaluation of the pharynx. Despite this interest, from both physiologic and clinical perspective there remain a number of unanswered questions regarding the magnitude of variability of pharyngeal pressure phenomena. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize in healthy individuals the inter‐subject and recording‐site specific variability of pharyngeal peristaltic pressure phenomena.MethodsWe studied 32 healthy subjects (age: 21‐83 years,20 under 35 years) during dry,5 and 10 mL water swallows ×3. Pharyngeal peristaltic pressures were recorded using a high resolution (HR) manometric system and a catheter assembly with 36 circumferential sensors spaced at 1 cm intervals positioned trans‐nasally to traverse the pharynx, UES and proximal esophagus.Key ResultsBoth site‐specific pressure data and the Pharyngeal contractile integral (PhCI) showed wide dispersion ranging between values under 50 mm Hg to over 300 mm Hg and 100‐600 mm Hg/cm/s,respectively. There was also wide range of dispersion of data for both the standard deviations and the coefficient of variation for all sites (P=.001). The coefficient of variation for PhCI ranged between 0.02 and 0.25 representing data dispersion of 2‐25 percent of the mean among subjects (P=.001). Position, age and volume of swallowed fluid did not influence the magnitude of variability.ConclusionsDeglutitive Pharyngeal peristalsis generates pressures with significant degree of site‐related and inter‐subject variability. This variability is not influenced by age, position and volume of swallowed fluid.
Young Adults Living with their Parents and the Influence of Peers
Authors: Adamopoulou Effrosyni , Kaya Ezgi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study examines the impact of peer behaviour on the living arrangements of young adults in the US using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We achieve identification by exploiting the differences in the timing of leaving the parental home among peers, the individual‐specific nature of the peer groups that are based on friendship nominations, and by including network and cohort fixed effects. Our results indicate that there are statistically significant peer effects on young adults’ decisions to leave the parental home. We discuss various mechanisms and confirm the robustness of our results through a placebo exercise.
Uncovering the dispersion history, adaptive evolution and selection of wheat in China
Authors: Zhou Yong , Chen Zhongxu , Cheng Mengping , Chen Jian , Zhu Tingting , Wang Rui , Liu Yaxi , Qi Pengfei , Chen Guoyue , Jiang Qiantao , Wei Yuming , Luo Ming‐Cheng , Nevo Eviatar , Allaby Robin G. , Liu Dengcai , Wang Jirui , Dvorák Jan , Zheng Youliang 
Published: June 2017

SummaryWheat was introduced to China approximately 4500 years ago, where it adapted over a span of time to various environments in agro‐ecological growing zones. We investigated 717 Chinese and 14 Iranian/Turkish geographically diverse, locally adapted wheat landraces with 27 933 DArTseq (for 717 landraces) and 312 831 Wheat660K (for a subset of 285 landraces) markers. This study highlights the adaptive evolutionary history of wheat cultivation in China. Environmental stresses and independent selection efforts have resulted in considerable genome‐wide divergence at the population level in Chinese wheat landraces. In total, 148 regions of the wheat genome show signs of selection in at least one geographic area. Our data show adaptive events across geographic areas, from the xeric northwest to the mesic south, along and among homoeologous chromosomes, with fewer variations in the D genome than in the A and B genomes. Multiple variations in interdependent functional genes such as regulatory and metabolic genes controlling germination and flowering time were characterized, showing clear allelic frequency changes corresponding to the dispersion of wheat in China. Population structure and selection data reveal that Chinese wheat spread from the northwestern Caspian Sea region to South China, adapting during its agricultural trajectory to increasingly mesic and warm climatic areas.
How Important was Labor Reallocation for China's Growth? A Skeptical Assessment
Authors: Ye Longfeng , Robertson Peter E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNumerous studies report the growth effects from labor reallocation in China to be in the order of 1–2 percentage points per year, which would appear to be a significant fraction of China's per capita income growth. We show that the total factor productivity gains are an order of magnitude smaller, at only 0.25 percentage points per year. There are two reasons for this difference. First, the majority of studies have used a decomposition method that effectively assumes linear production functions. This results in values that are much larger than the more appropriate Denison–Kuznets method. Second, we also allow for sectoral differences in human capital. We conclude that the gains from labor reallocation may have been a far less important source of China's growth than is conventionally thought.
Funding development infrastructure without leverage: A risk‐sharing alternative using innovative sukuk structures
Authors: Ismath Bacha Obiyathulla , Mirakhor Abbas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMuslim countries of the developing world suffer indebtedness resulting mostly from funding development infrastructure. Faced with a dire need for development infrastructure but with inadequate resources to fund them domestically, these governments often resort to foreign borrowing. As neither foreign banks nor international debt markets would allow for the debt to be in home currency, the funding is invariably denominated in foreign currency. For the borrowing country, in addition to currency exposure such borrowing increases the country's leverage and economic vulnerability. As these countries typically have a narrow economic base with heavy reliance on commodity exports, they are susceptible to the vagaries of commodity price fluctuation. Leverage increases the amplitude of the economy's fluctuation, resulting if not in outright crisis, then, at least in financial distress and depreciating home currency. As a result, when the foreign currency funded project comes on stream, it is burdened with huge accumulated debt which in many cases makes the project unmanageable without further government help through subsidy of operating costs. This further stresses already stretched government budgets and perpetuates indebtedness. This cycle of borrowing, leverage and vulnerability can be broken by innovative use of sukuk. The problem with debt financing is that the servicing requirements are independent of the underlying project's risk or cash flows. This paper presents two sukuk structures based on the risk sharing principles of Islamic finance. Sukuk that have returns linked to the nation's gross domestic product growth if the funded project is non‐revenue generating and linked to earnings of the project if it is revenue generating can avoid the problems above. The pay‐off profile, estimated cost of funds and returns to investors of these sukuk are discussed. When designed in small denomination, such sukuk can enhance financial inclusion, help build domestic capital markets and enable the financing of development without stressing government budgets.
Leucine Biosynthesis Is Involved in Regulating High Lipid Accumulation in
Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Kerkhoven Eduard J. , Kim Young-Mo , Wei Siwei , Nicora Carrie D. , Fillmore Thomas L. , Purvine Samuel O. , Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo , Smith Richard D. , Baker Scott E. , Metz Thomas O. , Nielsen Jens 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The yeast
Yarrowia lipolytica
is a potent accumulator of lipids, and lipogenesis in this organism can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as genetics and environmental conditions. Using a multifactorial study, we elucidated the effects of both genetic and environmental factors on regulation of lipogenesis in
Y. lipolytica
and identified how two opposite regulatory states both result in lipid accumulation. This study involved comparison of a strain overexpressing diacylglycerol acyltransferase (
DGA1
) with a control strain grown under either nitrogen or carbon limitation conditions. A strong correlation was observed between the responses on the transcript and protein levels. Combination of
DGA1
overexpression with nitrogen limitation resulted in a high level of lipid accumulation accompanied by downregulation of several amino acid biosynthetic pathways, including that of leucine in particular, and these changes were further correlated with a decrease in metabolic fluxes. This downregulation was supported by the measured decrease in the level of 2-isopropylmalate, an intermediate of leucine biosynthesis. Combining the multi-omics data with putative transcription factor binding motifs uncovered a contradictory role for TORC1 in controlling lipid accumulation, likely mediated through 2-isopropylmalate and a Leu3-like transcription factor.

IMPORTANCE
The ubiquitous metabolism of lipids involves refined regulation, and an enriched understanding of this regulation would have wide implications. Various factors can influence lipid metabolism, including the environment and genetics. We demonstrated, using a multi-omics and multifactorial experimental setup, that multiple factors affect lipid accumulation in the yeast
Yarrowia lipolytica
. Using integrative analysis, we identified novel interactions between nutrient restriction and genetic factors involving regulators that are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Given that lipid metabolism is involved in many diseases but is also vital to the development of microbial cell factories that can provide us with sustainable fuels and oleochemicals, we envision that our report introduces foundational work to further unravel the regulation of lipid accumulation in eukaryal cells.
The Benefits of Resiliency to Standard Market Impact Models
Authors: Besson Paul , Lasnier Matthieu 
Published: June 2017

We leverage Kepler Cheuvreux client order database over the period October 2014 — October 2016 (349,442 trades corresponding to a EUR92.3bn turnover) to estimate new models of market impact. We find a multiplicative relationship between the market impact and the explanatory factors (the volatility, the trading period participation rate and the trading duration). Furthermore, the relationship between the participation rate and the duration on one side and the market impact on the other is concave, with the effect of the participation rate on the market impact scaling as a square root. We introduce a new indicator of resiliency, which measures the ability of the order book to resist the aggressive order flow in a given period. This indicator shows a positive correlation with the residuals of our standard model of market impact, clearly demonstrating that the more resilient the stock, the more resistant it is to market impact. Thus, we are able to calibrate an enhanced model of market impact using our indicator of resiliency, which improves the explanatory power of the model compared to standard approaches. Our resiliency indicator thereby exposes the relationship between the market impact at the meta-order scale and the market impact at the elementary trade scale.