bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocular perceptual learning of contrast detection facilitates binocular combination in adults with anisometropic amblyopia
Authors: Chen Zidong , Li Jinrong , Liu Jing , Cai Xiaoxiao , Yuan Junpeng , Deng Daming , Yu Minbin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPerceptual learning in contrast detection improves monocular visual function in adults with anisometropic amblyopia; however, its effect on binocular combination remains unknown. Given that the amblyopic visual system suffers from pronounced binocular functional loss, it is important to address how the amblyopic visual system responds to such training strategies under binocular viewing conditions. Anisometropic amblyopes (n = 13) were asked to complete two psychophysical supra-threshold binocular summation tasks: (1) binocular phase combination and (2) dichoptic global motion coherence before and after monocular training to investigate this question. We showed that these participants benefited from monocular training in terms of binocular combination. More importantly, the improvements observed with the area under log CSF (AULCSF) were found to be correlated with the improvements in binocular phase combination.
Glutamatergic axon-derived BDNF controls GABAergic synaptic differentiation in the cerebellum
Authors: Chen Albert I. , Zang Keling , Masliah Eliezer , Reichardt Louis F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo study mechanisms that regulate the construction of inhibitory circuits, we examined the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the assembly of GABAergic inhibitory synapses in the mouse cerebellar cortex. We show that within the cerebellum, BDNF-expressing cells are restricted to the internal granular layer (IGL), but that the BDNF protein is present within mossy fibers which originate from cells located outside of the cerebellum. In contrast to deletion of TrkB, the cognate receptor for BDNF, deletion of Bdnf from cerebellar cell bodies alone did not perturb the localization of pre- or postsynaptic constituents at the GABAergic synapses formed by Golgi cell axons on granule cell dendrites within the IGL. Instead, we found that BDNF derived from excitatory mossy fiber endings controls their differentiation. Our findings thus indicate that cerebellar BDNF is derived primarily from excitatory neurons—precerebellar nuclei/spinal cord neurons that give rise to mossy fibers—and promotes GABAergic synapse formation as a result of release from axons. Thus, within the cerebellum the preferential localization of BDNF to axons enhances the specificity through which BDNF promotes GABAergic synaptic differentiation.
Microbial profiles at baseline and not the use of antibiotics determine the clinical outcome of the treatment of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Bizzarro S. , Laine M. L. , Buijs M. J. , Brandt B. W. , Crielaard W. , Loos B. G. , Zaura E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAntibiotics are often used in the treatment of chronic periodontitis, which is a major cause of tooth loss. However, evidence in favour of a microbial indication for the prescription of antibiotics is lacking, which may increase the risk of the possible indiscriminate use of antibiotics and consequent, microbial resistance. Here, using an open-ended technique, we report the changes in the subgingival microbiome up to one year post-treatment of patients treated with basic periodontal therapy with or without antibiotics. Antibiotics resulted in a greater influence on the microbiome 3 months after therapy, but this difference disappeared at 6 months. Greater microbial diversity, specific taxa and certain microbial co-occurrences at baseline and not the use of antibiotics predicted better clinical treatment outcomes. Our results demonstrate the predictive value of specific subgingival bacterial profiles for the decision to prescribe antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis, but they also indicate the need for alternative therapies based on ecological approaches.
ADAR1 Suppresses the Activation of Cytosolic RNA-Sensing Signaling Pathways to Protect the Liver from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Guoliang , Zhang Liyong , Zhang Junbin , Zhang Jinxiang , Wang Qingde , Billiar Timothy R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExcessive inflammation resulting from activation of the innate immune system significantly contributes to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Inflammatory reactions in both IRI and infections share the same signaling pathways evoked by danger/pathogen associated molecular pattern molecules. The cytosolic retinoid-inducible gene I(RIG-I)-like RNA receptor (RLR) RNA sensing pathway mediates type I IFN production during viral infection and the sensing of viral RNA is regulated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1). Using a model of liver IRI, we provide evidence that ADAR1 also regulates cytosolic RNA-sensing pathways in the setting of ischemic stress. Suppression of ADAR1 significantly enhanced inflammation and liver damage following IRI, which was accompanied by significant increases in type I IFN through cytosolic RNA-sensing pathways. In addition, knocking ADAR1 down in hepatocytes exaggerates inflammatory signaling to dsRNA or endotoxin and results in over production of type I IFN, which could be abolished by the interruption of RIG-I. Therefore, we identified a novel ADAR1-dependent protective contribution through which hepatocytes guard against aberrant cytosolic RLR-RNA-sensing pathway mediated inflammatory reaction in response to acute liver IR. ADAR1 protects against over activation of viral RNA-sensing pathways in non-infectious tissue stress.
Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3′-sulfo-lactose and 2′-fucosyllactose
Authors: Bum-Erdene Khuchtumur , Leffler Hakon , Nilsson Ulf J. , Blanchard Helen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGalectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin with two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD). Galectin-4 is expressed mainly in the alimentary tract and is proposed to function as a lipid raft and adherens junction stabilizer by its glycan cross-linking capacity. Galectin-4 plays divergent roles in cancer and inflammatory conditions, either promoting or inhibiting each disease progression, depending on the specific pathological condition. The study of galectin-4’s ligand-binding profile may help decipher its roles under specific conditions. Here we present the X-ray structures of human galectin-4 N-terminal CRD (galectin-4N) bound to different saccharide ligands. Galectin-4’s overall fold and its core interactions to lactose are similar to other galectin CRDs. Galectin-4N recognises the sulfate cap of 3′-sulfated glycans by a weak interaction through Arg45 and two water-mediated hydrogen bonds via Trp84 and Asn49. When galectin-4N interacts with the H-antigen mimic, 2′-fucosyllactose, an interaction is formed between the ring oxygen of fucose and Arg45. The extended binding site of galectin-4N may not be well suited to the A/B-antigen determinants, α-GalNAc/α-Gal, specifically due to clashes with residue Phe47. Overall, galectin-4N favours sulfated glycans whilst galectin-4C prefers blood group determinants. However, the two CRDs of galectin-4 can, to a less extent, recognise each other’s ligands.
Phonologically-mediated meaning activation in monolinguals and bilinguals
Authors: Friesen Deanna C. , Oh Jiyoon , Bialystok Ellen 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The current study investigated how language experience impacts phonologically-mediated meaning activation. Monolinguals and bilinguals made living/non-living judgments on English homophones (e.g., beech, beach) while Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Context was manipulated by making the preceding trial either unrelated (e.g., servant → beech) or semantically-related, creating priming. The related context either strengthened (e.g., oak → beech) or diminished (e.g., oak → beach) a homophone’s meaning. In the unrelated context, both groups utilized phonology similarly to access meaning, as evidenced by a later N400 and a larger late positive component (LPC) for homophones than for non-homophonic words. However, when the context primed the incorrect meaning (e.g., oak → beach), only monolinguals exhibited N400 attenuation and delayed LPCs, indicating that they were mistakenly using phonology and context to access meaning and were then required to reanalyze their interpretation. These results provide insight into how oral language experience impacts phonological activation of meaning.
Retention Rates of Plastic-Infusion-Process Passive Integrated Transponder Tags and External Tags in the White-streaked Grouper Epinephelus ongus
Authors: Sato Taku , Nanami Atsushi , Takebe Takayuki , Kobayashi Masato , Iwasaki Takashi , Shinoda Rihito , Koiso Masahiko 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Fish are often externally tagged to determine the abundance, exploitation rates, and other key aspects of their ecology. Tag retention rates, however, may vary by tag type. The main objective of this study was to determine the retention rates of three external tags (Atkins, dart, and opercular tags) implanted onto White-streaked Groupers Epinephelus ongus in their natural habitat. White-streaked Groupers were tagged with different external tags, along with a plastic-infusion-process PIT (PIP PIT) tag, and retention rates were evaluated in experimental tanks for 54 weeks and in their natural habitat for 374 d. None of the fish kept in experimental tanks shed their abdominally implanted PIP PIT tags over 54 weeks. The mean retention rates of the external Atkins, dart, and opercular tags were considerably lower under natural conditions (16.7 ± 2.8%, 37.5 ± 3.3%, and 28.6 ± 3.4%, respectively) than in the laboratory (80%, 70%, and 70%, respectively). Loss of tags under natural conditions may have resulted from snagging on complex structures in their habitats and on interspecies interactions.
Received February 23, 2015; accepted October 27, 2015
Retention Probability Varies with Cull Ring Size in Traps Fished for Blue Crab
Authors: Rudershausen P. J. , Hightower Joseph E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The blue crab Callinectes sapidus is a commercially important crustacean species fished along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastlines. Cull rings on traps are required to allow for egress of sublegal blue crabs in commercial and recreational fisheries in this region. We undertook a study to estimate contact selectivity (retention probability) of traps with different cull-ring sizes fished for male crabs. We estimated retention probability using logistic models and catch data from 38.1-mm square mesh traps, each affixed with one size of cull rings (58.7, 60.3, or 61.9 mm internal diameter), and fished along with control traps (no cull rings). Each experimental trap type displayed relatively steep retention around its l50, the carapace width at which 50% of individuals are selected. The l50 for traps with 58.7-mm cull rings was less than the minimum legal crab size in North Carolina (127 mm carapace width) while the l50 for traps with 60.3-mm or 61.9-mm cull rings was greater than the minimum legal size. Mean catch rates of legal male crabs were not statistically different among the three experimental trap types; however, catch rates of sublegal males were significantly lower in traps with the two larger cull ring sizes. We conclude that traps with 61.9-mm cull rings are most appropriate for the North Carolina trap fishery because they maintain catch rates of legal males but show the greatest reduction in catch rates of sublegal males. The use of larger cull-ring sizes would reduce rates of fishing mortality resulting from excessive trap confinement, injury during commercial culling, or intentional harvest by fishers who do not cull their catch.
Received April 29, 2015; accepted October 22, 2015
A Simple Prioritization Tool to Diagnose Impairment of Stream Temperature for Coldwater Fishes in the Great Basin
Authors: Falke Jeffrey A. , Dunham Jason B. , Hockman-Wert David , Pahl Randy 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We provide a simple framework for diagnosing the impairment of stream water temperature for coldwater fishes across broad spatial extents based on a weight-of-evidence approach that integrates biological criteria, species distribution models, and geostatistical models of stream temperature. As a test case, we applied our approach to identify stream reaches most likely to be thermally impaired for Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi in the upper Reese River, located in the northern Great Basin, Nevada. We first evaluated the capability of stream thermal regime descriptors to explain variation across 170 sites, and we found that the 7-d moving average of daily maximum stream temperatures (7DADM) provided minimal among-descriptor redundancy and, based on an upper threshold of 20°C, was also a good indicator of acute and chronic thermal stress. Next, we quantified the range of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout within our study area using a geographic distribution model. Finally, we used a geostatistical model to assess spatial variation in 7DADM and predict potential thermal impairment at the stream reach scale. We found that whereas 38% of reaches in our study area exceeded a 7DADM of 20°C and 35% were significantly warmer than predicted, only 17% both exceeded the biological criterion and were significantly warmer than predicted. This filtering allowed us to identify locations where physical and biological impairment were most likely within the network and that would represent the highest management priorities. Although our approach lacks the precision of more comprehensive approaches, it provides a broader context for diagnosing impairment and is a useful means of identifying priorities for more detailed evaluations across broad and heterogeneous stream networks.
Received July 8, 2014; accepted October 22, 2015
No Evidence of Increased Survival or Decreased Straying from Acclimating Subyearling Fall Chinook Salmon to Release Locations in the Umatilla River of Oregon
Authors: Clarke Lance R. , Cameron William A. , Carmichael Richard W. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Smolt-to-adult survival (SAS) and straying of subyearling fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that were acclimated in waters of their release site before river release was compared with those of fish that were transported to the river and released directly into the river. Results showed that there were no differences in average SAS, which was 0.08% for both acclimated and direct-release groups, or straying, which averaged 33.8% and 35.3% for direct and acclimated release groups, respectively. We conclude that an acclimation period may not improve these metrics in subyearling-released salmon.
Received June 19, 2015; accepted October 31, 2015
Identification of novel extracellular protein for PCB/biphenyl metabolism in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1
Authors: Atago Yuki , Shimodaira Jun , Araki Naoto , Bin Othman Nor’azizi , Zakaria Zuriati , Fukuda Masao , Futami Junichiro , Hara Hirofumi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 (RHA1) degrades polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) via co-metabolism with biphenyl. To identify the novel open reading frames (ORFs) that contribute to PCB/biphenyl metabolism in RHA1, we compared chromatin immunoprecipitation chip and transcriptomic data. Six novel ORFs involved in PCB/biphenyl metabolism were identified. Gene deletion mutants of these 6 ORFs were made and were tested for their ability to grow on biphenyl. Interestingly, only the ro10225 deletion mutant showed deficient growth on biphenyl. Analysis of Ro10225 protein function showed that growth of the ro10225 deletion mutant on biphenyl was recovered when exogenous recombinant Ro10225 protein was added to the culture medium. Although Ro10225 protein has no putative secretion signal sequence, partially degraded Ro10225 protein was detected in conditioned medium from wild-type RHA1 grown on biphenyl. This Ro10225 fragment appeared to form a complex with another PCB/biphenyl oxidation enzyme. These results indicated that Ro10225 protein is essential for the formation of the PCB/biphenyl dioxygenase complex in RHA1.
Vicenistatin induces early endosome-derived vacuole formation in mammalian cells
Authors: Nishiyama Yuko , Ohmichi Tomohiro , Kazami Sayaka , Iwasaki Hiroki , Mano Kousuke , Nagumo Yoko , Kudo Fumitaka , Ichikawa Sosaku , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu , Kanoh Naoki , Eguchi Tadashi , Osada Hiroyuki , Usui Takeo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Homotypic fusion of early endosomes is important for efficient protein trafficking and sorting. The key controller of this process is Rab5 which regulates several effectors and PtdInsPs levels, but whose mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that vicenistatin, a natural product, enhanced homotypic fusion of early endosomes and induced the formation of large vacuole-like structures in mammalian cells. Unlike YM201636, another early endosome vacuolating compound, vicenistatin did not inhibit PIKfyve activity in vitro but activated Rab5-PAS pathway in cells. Furthermore, vicenistatin increased the membrane surface fluidity of cholesterol-containing liposomes in vitro, and cholesterol deprivation from the plasma membrane stimulated vicenistatin-induced vacuolation in cells. These results suggest that vicenistatin is a novel compound that induces the formation of vacuole-like structures by activating Rab5-PAS pathway and increasing membrane fluidity.
Image stacking analysis of SDSS galaxies with AKARI Far-Infrared Surveyor maps at 65 μm, 90 μm, and 140 μm
Authors: Okabe Taizo , Kashiwagi Toshiya , Suto Yasushi , Matsuura Shuji , Doi Yasuo , Takita Satoshi , Ootsubo Takafumi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We perform image stacking analysis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometric galaxies over the AKARI Far-Infrared Surveyor maps at 65 μm, 90 μm, and 140 μm. The resulting image profiles are decomposed into the central galaxy component (single term) and the nearby galaxy component (clustering term), as a function of the r-band magnitude, mr, of the central galaxy. We find that the mean far-infrared (FIR) flux of a galaxy with magnitude mr is well fitted with $f^s_{90\mu {\rm m}}=13\times 10^{0.306(18-m_{\,r})}$ [mJy]. The FIR amplitude of the clustering term is consistent with that expected from the angular-correlation function of the SDSS galaxies, but galaxy morphology dependence needs to be taken into account for a more quantitative conclusion. We also fit the spectral energy distribution of stacked galaxies at 65 μm, 90 μm, and 140 μm, and derive a mean dust temperature of ∼30 K. This is consistent with the typical dust temperature of galaxies that are FIR luminous and individually detected.
Hybrid asexuality as a primary reproductive barrier: on the interconnection between asexuality and speciation
Authors: Janko Karel , Pačes Jan , Wilkinson-Herbots Hilde , Costa Rui J , Roslein Jan , Drozd Pavel , Iakovenko Nataliia , Rídl Jakub , Kočí Jan , Reifová Radka , Šlechtová Věra , Choleva Lukáš 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSpeciation usually proceeds in a continuum from intensively hybridizing populations until the formation of irreversibly isolated species. Restriction of interspecific gene flow may often be achieved by gradual accumulation of intrinsic postzygotic incompatibilities with hybrid infertility typically evolving more rapidly than inviability. A reconstructed history of speciation in European loaches(Cobitis)reveals that accumulation of postzygotic reproductive incompatibilities may take an alternative, in the literature largely neglected, pathway through initiation of hybrids’ asexuality rather than through a decrease in hybrids’ fitness. Combined evidence shows that contemporaryCobitisspecies readily hybridize in hybrid zones, but their gene pools are isolated as hybridization produces infertile males and fertile but clonally reproducing females that cannot mediate introgressions. Nevertheless, coalescent analyses indicated intensive historical gene flow during earlier stages ofCobitisdiversification, suggesting that non-clonal hybrids must have existed in the past. The revealed patterns imply that during the initial stages of speciation, hybridization between little diverged species produced recombinant hybrids mediating gene flow, but growing divergence among species caused disrupted meiosis in hybrids resulting in their clonality, which acts as a barrier to gene flow. Comparative analysis of published data on other fish hybrids corroborated the generality of our findings; the species pairs producing asexual hybrids were more genetically diverged than those pairs producing fertile sexual hybrids but less diverged than species pairs producing infertile hybrids. Hybrid asexuality therefore appears to evolve at lower divergence than other types of postzygotic barriers and might thus represent a primary reproductive barrier in many taxa.
Immigration and neoliberalism: three cases and counter accounts
Authors: Lehman Cheryl , Annisette Marcia , Agyemang Gloria 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– This paper advocates for critical accounting’s contribution to immigration deliberations as part of its agenda for advancing social justice. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate accounting as implicated in immigration policies of three advanced economies.Design/methodology/approach– The authors suggest that neoliberal immigration policies are operationalized through the responsibilization of individuals, corporations and universities. By examining three immigration policies from the USA, Canada and the UK, the paper clarifies how accounting technologies facilitate responsibilization techniques, making immigration governable. Additionally, by employing immigrant narratives as counter accounts, the impacts of immigrant lived experiences can be witnessed.Findings– Accounting upholds neoliberal principles of life by expanding market mentalities and governance, through technologies of measurement, reports, audits and surveillance. A neoliberal strategy of responsibilization contributes to divesting authority for immigration policy in an attempt to erase the social and moral agency of immigrants, with accounting integral to this process. However the social cannot be eradicated as the work illustrates in the narratives and counter accounts that immigrants create.Research limitations/implications– The work reveals the illusion of accounting as neutral. As no single story captures the nuances and complexities of immigration practices, further exploration is encouraged.Originality/value– The work is a unique contribution to the underdeveloped study of immigration in critical accounting. By unmasking accounting’s role and revealing techniques underpinning immigration discourses, enhanced ways of researching immigration are possible.