bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide in an ageing UK population: problems and prevention
Authors: Hodge Gary 
Published: November 2016

PurposeSuicide can be an emotive, and at times, controversial subject. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the social, health, personal, and cultural issues that can arise in later life and the potential reasons for suicide. It will analyse already recognised risk factors of suicide in older adults and focus on improving knowledge about the social meaning and causation of suicide for older people. It will also consider suicide prevention policies, their practice implications, and whether they are successful in protecting this potentially vulnerable cohort.Design/methodology/approachA synopsis of available literature in the form of a general review paper of suicide of older adults.FindingsThere is evidence that the ageing process often leads to a set of co-morbidities and a complex and diverse set of individual challenges. This in turn equates to an increased risk of suicide. There is no easy answer to why there is evidence of a growing number of older adults deciding that suicide is there only option, and even fewer suggestions on how to manage this risk.Social implicationsThe entry of the “baby boom” generation into retirement will lead to the potential of an increase in both suicide risk factors and older adults completing suicide. This is on the background of a demographic surge which is likely to place additional pressures on already under-resourced, and undervalued, statutory and non-statutory services.Originality/valueA literature search found very little information regarding older adults and suicide risk, assessment, treatment or prevention.
Relational capabilities to leverage new knowledge
Authors: Martins Jorge Tiago 
Published: November 2016

PurposeFocusing on the specific context of two European old industrial regions – South Yorkshire (UK) and North Region of Portugal – this paper aims to identify and conceptualise a set of relational capabilities that business leaders perceive to play a key role in industrial rejuvenation.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research design operationalised via case studies was followed for the empirical analysis. Data collection was developed through in-depth interviews with managing directors in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) belonging to the metal and engineering industry and the textile and footwear sectors in the two old industrial regions. Data analysis followed the techniques of data categorisation, within case-analysis and cross-case analysis.FindingsThe study identifies relational capabilities that firms use to identify, access and leverage new knowledge: frequent meetings with customers; frequent meetings with suppliers; dialogue with government to influence policy that encourages research and technology transfer; partnership actions for the commercialisation of products and services; active membership with sector associations; immersion in science and technological parks; intentionally establishing links with entrepreneurship-supporting entities; human resources development by technical training institutions; and systematic links with the University. The relational capabilities identified require structured communication processes and alliance management practices to enable and support absorptive capacity and learning in inter-organisational networks.Practical implicationsThe relational capabilities identified can help position regions in specific markets and value chains, contribute to improving regions’ internal and external connections and assist in combining regions’ strengths to create industrial capability in high-growth-potential areas.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the role of relational capabilities as a way to secure access to knowledge and competencies needed for firms’ innovation and avoidance of competency traps. This is particularly relevant in the context of European smart specialisation policy, where key regional stakeholders collectively engage in the identification of areas of competitive strength, enhanced coordination and strategic alignment of resources. The study is not without limitations, as findings are based on case studies of SMEs operating in the manufacturing industry and the analysis of relational capabilities is focused on knowledge novelty.
Experimental learning enhancing improvisation skills
Authors: Pereira Christopoulos Tania , Wilner Adriana , Trindade Bestetti Maria Luisa 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This study aims to present improvisation training and experimentation as an alternative method to deal with unexpected events in which structured processes do not seem to work.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the literature of sensemaking and improvisation, the study designs a framework and process model of experimental learning supported by a case study of Brazilian Government agents involved in an experimental process of learning fundamental for interacting with scenarios that require improvisation.

Findings
This study supports the proposition that improvisation capability can be improved through experimental learning to generate better decision-making in uncertainty. In the case study, the lessons and group experiences of the experimental learning course helped agents to build tools to deal with events that required improvisation.

Research limitations/implications
This study investigated only one case and recommends that the framework of experimental learning that this study developed be extended to other organizations.

Originality/value
This study provides a framework and a process model for analyzing complex situations and context that require improvisation and suggests another way for leaders to deal with uncertain scenarios.
Gaps and progress in our knowledge of learning organizations
Authors: Tuggle Francis D. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This study aims to review previously published issues of The Learning Organization (TLO) to assess what progress has been made since the journal started in terms of what is known about learning organizations. The author also aims to identify important gaps in what is still to be discovered about organizations that learn, partly to single out promising areas to be investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
The author reviews all the previously published articles in the first 20 volumes printed and reviews each issue in each volume. The author classifies the methodology undertaken by each published article as being one of the following: a conceptual study, a case study or the analysis of other data. Keywords are assessed to get insights into the shifts in research themes pursued over the years.

Findings
There has been a substantial increase in the number of published papers over time. The number and percentage of articles that are conceptual in nature has declined somewhat over the years. The number and percentage of articles that involve case studies has increased over the years. The number and percentage of articles that involve analyzing data has increased significantly over the years. There has been a significant shift in research focus away from topics such as management and organizational development to topics such as knowledge management and social networks. Three major areas of gaps in our knowledge of learning organizations are identified: what it means to be a learning organization, how effective are learning organizations and what contextual factors influence learning organizations.

Research limitations/implications
Although other journals occasionally publish research on learning organizations, attention in this paper is solely focused upon TLO.

Practical implications
Addressing some of the research questions identified should provide insights that will assist practicing managers.

Originality/value
Although not a meta analysis of this journal’s research, the author presents a “thematic analysis” of research published in this journal, and the results and insights should prove interesting and useful to scholars in the field seeking rich areas to study.
Telling it as it is: involving people with dementia and family carers in policy making, service design and workforce development
Authors: Eley Ruth Marion 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for proper involvement of people with dementia and carers in policy making and to suggest practical ways to achieve this.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing from personal experience derived from a long career in service development in health and social care, the author outlines the importance of recognising that people with dementia and family carers are experts by experience and the merits of involving people at an early stage.

Findings
The best ideas come from involved people. Without the insights gained through the lived experiences of people with dementia and family carers, policy makers and professionals run the risk of developing costly services that do not meet the needs of those who will be using them.

Practical implications
A number of key practical pointers are developed and summarised. Engagement and one-off consultations are not enough. Real involvement has to be part of everyday practice, at all levels. It requires investment to enable people with dementia and carers to have a seat at the table, speak about what matters to them and help professionals develop relevant services that meet their needs.

Originality/value
The author is able to draw on particular insights gained as Programme Lead for Dementia at the Department of Health during the development of the first English National Dementia Strategy and, more recently, experience of developing engagement strategies in various localities. This included supporting people with dementia and family carers before, during and after key events at which they shared their experiences with commissioners and service providers.
Metabolite labelling reveals hierarchies in Clostridium acetobutylicum that selectively channel carbons from sugar mixtures towards biofuel precursors
Authors: Aristilde Ludmilla 
Published: November 2016

SummaryClostridial fermentation of cellulose and hemicellulose relies on the cellular physiology controlling the metabolism of the cellulosic hexose sugar (glucose) with respect to the hemicellulosic pentose sugars (xylose and arabinose) and the hemicellulosic hexose sugars (galactose and mannose). Here, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and stable isotope tracers in Clostridium acetobutylicum were applied to investigate the metabolic hierarchy of glucose relative to the different hemicellulosic sugars towards two important biofuel precursors, acetyl‐coenzyme A and butyryl‐coenzyme A. The findings revealed constitutive metabolic hierarchies in C. acetobutylicum that facilitate (i) selective investment of hemicellulosic pentoses towards ribonucleotide biosynthesis without substantial investment into biofuel production and (ii) selective contribution of hemicellulosic hexoses through the glycolytic pathway towards biofuel precursors. Long‐term isotopic enrichment demonstrated incorporation of both pentose sugars into pentose‐phosphates and ribonucleotides in the presence of glucose. Kinetic labelling data, however, showed that xylose was not routed towards the biofuel precursors but there was minor contribution from arabinose. Glucose hierarchy over the hemicellulosic hexoses was substrate‐dependent. Kinetic labelling of hexose‐phosphates and triose‐phosphates indicated that mannose was assimilated but not galactose. Labelling of both biofuel precursors confirmed this metabolic preference. These results highlight important metabolic considerations in the accounting of clostridial mixed‐sugar utilization.
Botulinum toxin A for palmar hyperhidrosis: assessment with sympathetic skin responses evoked by train of stimuli
Authors: Al‐Hashel J.Y. , Youssry D. , Rashaed H.M. , Shamov T. , Rousseff R.T. 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Objective assessment of the effect of botulinum toxin A (BT) treatment in primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) is attempted by different methods.

We decided to use for this purpose sympathetic skin responses evoked by train of stimuli (TSSR).

Twenty patients with severe PH (five female, median age 24, range 18‐36) were examined regularly over 3 months after receiving 50 UI BT in each palm. TSSR were recorded from the palms after sensory stimulation by a train of three supramaximal electric pulses 3 millisecond apart. Results were compared to longitudinally studied TSSR of 20 healthy sex‐ and age‐matched control subjects.

All hyperhidrosis patients reported excellent improvement. TSSR amplitudes decreased at week 1 (mean 54% range 48%‐67%) and over the following months in a clinically significant trend (slope R=−.82, P<.0001). TSSR in controls changed insignificantly (±13% from the baseline). The difference between patients and controls was highly significant at any time point (P<.001).

This study suggests that TSSR may help in assessment of treatments in PH. It confirms objectively the efficacy of BT in PH.
Response of an ovine laryngeal injury model to a novel fibrosis inhibitor
Authors: Allen Jacqueline 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundVocal fold injury results in severe voice alteration that limits occupational function and social interaction. An ovine model of laryngeal injury has been developed, validated and utilized to examine laryngeal wound healing and the effect of a novel collagen inhibitor (halofuginone) on surgical wound healing. The study design includes basic research and animal model.MethodsAn ovine laryngeal model was utilized to study controlled vocal fold injury and healing. Twenty‐five sheep were divided into five groups. Sheep underwent right vocal fold injury preceded or followed by administration of halofuginone orally, topically or intralesionally. Biopsies were taken at commencement, 1 month and larynges explanted at 3 months. Specimens were examined for elastin and collagen density and epithelial changes. Pearson correlation statistics and Student's t‐tests were used to assess inter‐relationships.ResultsAll sheep tolerated halofuginone. One sheep death occurred in an untreated sheep. Vocal fold tissue demonstrated a predictable histological response to injury. Elastin was significantly reduced post‐injury in the glottis. Halofuginone administered orally for 10 weeks prevented elastin loss and demonstrated a trend of reducing collagen density post‐injury.ConclusionIn an ovine laryngeal injury model, administration of a fibrosis inhibitor resulted in altered elastin and collagen deposition after injury in the glottis. Further investigation is warranted to examine whether these tissue changes affect vocal fold dynamics.
Direct visualization of aqueous tear secretion from lacrimal gland
Authors: Kim Eun Chul , Doh Sang Hee , Chung Se Yoon , Yoon Sam Young , Kim Man Soo , Chung Sung Kun , Shin Min Chul , Hwang Ho Sik 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo introduce a new method for direct observation of tear secretion from the palpebral lobes of the main lacrimal glands and Wolfring glands using fluorescein dye.MethodsTwenty‐six patients with dry eye and 26 healthy subjects were included in the study. Fluorescein was applied to the conjunctiva overlaying the palpebral lobe of the main lacrimal glands. Under cobalt blue light, we captured tear secretion from the glands in movies. We compared the number of excretory openings, the location and tear flow rate between the dry eye and healthy‐subject groups. To observe tear secretion from the Wolfring glands, we everted the upper lids and applied fluorescein dye to the upper margin of the tarsus.ResultsMean number of excretory openings on the palpebral lobe was 2.5 in the dry eye group and 3.4 in the healthy‐subject group (p = 0.031). Most of the openings were observed at the ridge, the most protruding portion of the palpebral lobe. Mean flow rate from the palpebral lobe was 0.45 μl/min in the dry eye group and 0.91 μl/min in the healthy‐subject group (p = 0.046). Mean flow rate from the Wolfring glands was 0.007 μl/min in the dry eye group and 0.009 μl/min in the healthy‐subject group (p = 0.615).ConclusionThis visualization method allowed us to directly observe tear secretion from the palpebral lobe of the main lacrimal glands and Wolfring glands, and to quantitatively measure the tear flow rate from the lacrimal glands.
Active commuting to school was inversely associated with academic achievement in primary but not secondary school students
Authors: Mora‐Gonzalez Jose , Rodríguez‐López Carlos , Cadenas‐Sanchez Cristina , Herrador‐Colmenero Manuel , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Huertas‐Delgado Francisco J. , Ardoy Daniel N. , Ortega Francisco B. , Chillón Palma 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimPhysical activity has numerous benefits for children when it comes to academic achievements. This study determined whether active commuting – walking or cycling – to school, as a way of increasing total physical activity levels, was associated with academic achievements in students aged seven to 18 years.MethodsA total of 2138 students participated in the study, which took place in the 2012/2013 academic year in three Spanish cities. We used a self‐reported questionnaire to assess how the students travelled to and from school and their final school grades.ResultsWe enrolled 489 primary schoolchildren and 1649 secondary schoolchildren, with similar numbers of boys and girls. The primary schoolchildren who travelled to school by motorbike, car or bus had better grades for all the selected school subjects (p ≤ 0.009) than those who walked or cycled. No significant associations were found for secondary schoolchildren, except for mathematics and their grade point averages. All models were adjusted for sex, age and school.ConclusionActive commuting to school was inversely associated with academic achievement in primary school students but not those at secondary school. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to further understand our findings.
Attitudes towards decisions about extremely premature infants differed between Swiss linguistic regions in population‐based study
Authors: Hendriks Manya J. , Klein Sabine D. , Bucher Hans Ulrich , Baumann‐Hölzle Ruth , Streuli Jürg C. , Fauchère Jean‐Claude 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimStudies have provided insights into the different attitudes and values of healthcare professionals and parents towards extreme prematurity. This study explored societal attitudes and values in Switzerland with regard to this patient group.MethodsA nationwide trilingual telephone survey was conducted in the French‐, German‐ and Italian‐speaking regions of Switzerland to explore the general population's attitudes and values with regard to extreme prematurity. Swiss residents of 18 years or older were recruited from the official telephone registry using quota sampling and a logistic regression model assessed the influence of socio‐demographic factors on end‐of‐life decision‐making.ResultsOf the 5112 people contacted, 1210 (23.7%) participated. Of these 5% were the parents of a premature infant and 26% knew parents with a premature infant. Most participants (77.8%) highlighted their strong preference for shared decision‐making, and 64.6% said that if there was dissent then the parents should have the final word. Overall, our logistic regression model showed that regional differences were the most significant factors influencing decision‐making.ConclusionThe majority of the Swiss population clearly favoured shared decision‐making. The context of sociocultural demographics, especially the linguistic region in which the decision‐making took place, strongly influenced attitudes towards extreme prematurity and decision‐making.
RORγt expression in Tregs promotes systemic lupus erythematosus via IL-17 secretion, alteration of Treg phenotype and suppression of Th2 responses
Authors: Kluger M A , Nosko A , Ramcke T , Goerke B , Meyer M C , Wegscheid C , Luig M , Tiegs G , Stahl R A K , Steinmetz O M 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disorder with a complex and poorly understood immunopathogenesis. However, a pathogenic role for the T helper type 17 (Th17) axis was demonstrated by many studies, while regulatory T cells (Tregs) were shown to mediate protection. Recently, we and others characterized a novel and independent T cell population expressing both the Treg characteristic transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) and the Th17-defining retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt). Studies in a model of acute glomerulonephritis unveiled potent regulatory, but also proinflammatory, functions of RORγt+FoxP3+ Tregs. This bi-functional nature prompted us to suggest the name ‘biTregs’. Importantly, the pathogenic biTreg effects were dependent upon expression of RORγt. We thus aimed to evaluate the contribution of RORγt+FoxP3+ biTregs to pristane-induced SLE and explored the therapeutic potential of interference with RORγt activation. Our analyses revealed expansion of IL-17 producing biTregs in a distinctive time–course and organ-specific pattern, coincident with the development of autoimmunity and tissue injury. Importantly, specific ablation of RORγt activation in endogenous biTregs resulted in significant amelioration of pristane-induced pulmonary vasculitis and lupus nephritis. As potential mechanisms underlying the observed protection, we found that secretion of IL-17 by biTregs was abrogated completely in FoxP3Cre × RORCfl/fl mice. Furthermore, Tregs showed a more activated phenotype after cell-specific inactivation of RORγt signalling. Finally, and remarkably, biTregs were found to potently suppress anti-inflammatory Th2 immunity in a RORγt-dependent manner. Our study thus identifies biTregs as novel players in SLE and advocates RORγt-directed interventions as promising therapeutic strategies.
Collecting feedback as a tool to reduce care paralysis: something for family group conferencing coordinators?
Authors: Schout Gert , de Jong Gideon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFamily group conferencing (FGC) coordinators in public mental healthcare are confronted with clients who have little faith in professionals and organizations, who hold off decisions in their family life, who avoid care and who sometimes behave in a hostile manner. A lack of initiative to deal with their situation is not only reserved for clients – all bystanders, including professionals, can suffer from it. The multiplicity and severity of the client's problems lead to a situation wherein everyone involved waits for the initiative of the other. The independence of the FGC coordinator – a fellow citizen, who is free of organizational loyalties and comes to assist other citizens in establishing a plan – seems to work well with the client group of the public mental healthcare. However, the coordinator cannot always prevent deferral or failure of conferences. Drawing on empirical and theoretical findings, this paper considers the possibility of collecting feedback as a way to contribute positively to the alliance between FGC coordinators and those for whom a conference is deployed. We highlight findings from three case studies that centred on multiproblem families. The findings indicate the importance of feedback theory for FGC coordinators in enhancing trust and engagement.