bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Preparation Temperature for the Novel (SiO2/MgO/MgCl2)⋅TiClx Ziegler–Natta Polyethylene Catalyst
Authors: Huang Fan , Wang Jingwen , Cheng Ruihua , He Xuelian , Liu Zhen , Zhao Ning , Liu Boping 
Published: June 2016

A series of (SiO2/MgO/MgCl2)⋅TiClx Ziegler‐Natta polyethylene catalysts have been synthesized using water‐soluble Mg‐compounds such as magnesium acetate as Mg‐source at different TiCl4 treating temperatures. The catalyst shows the highest activity of homopolymerization when preparation temperature is 120 °C with only 1.25 of optimal Al/Ti molar ratio, which is much lower than industrial value, resulting in much lower catalyst preparation and poly­ethylene production cost. The operation condition is relatively moderate and the synthesized catalysts exhibit rather high activity, good hydrogen response, and copolymerization ability with high 1‐hexene incorporation. The polymers obtained from these catalysts have high molecular weight and medium molecular weight distribution. Compared with the conventional industrial Ti/Mg Ziegler‐Natta catalysts using the relatively expensive, anhydrous and moisture‐sensitive Mg‐sources, the most unique feature of our novel catalysts is the capability of utilization of any soluble Mg‐compounds under mild conditions and can achieve rather high activity with only a small amount of cocatalyst, hence show great potential for application in polyethylene industry.
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New Synthesis of Gold‐ and Silver‐Based Nano‐Tetracycline Composites
Authors: Djafari Jamila , Marinho Catarina , Santos Tiago , Igrejas Gilberto , Torres Carmen , Capelo José Luis , Poeta Patricia , Lodeiro Carlos , Fernández‐Lodeiro Javier 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new synthetic methodology of water‐soluble gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs@TC and AgNPs@TC), using the antibiotic tetracycline (TC) as co‐reducing and stabilizing agent, is reported. Both colloids exhibit high water stability. The average sizes obtained were 25±10 and 15±5 nm, respectively. Both composites were tested against TC‐resistant bacteria, presenting an increasing antibacterial effect in the case of AgNPs@TC. The sensing towards metal ions was also explored. An interesting and reversible affinity of AuNPs@TC towards AlIII cations in an aqueous system was also observed.
Macromolecular design of specialty polylactides by means of controlled copolymerization and stereocomplexation
Authors: Masutani Kazunari , Kimura Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAmong the biobased polymers developed, poly‐l‐lactide (PLLA) has been the most widely used in many fields because of its excellent cost − property balance. However, the properties and functionalities ofPLLAcannot easily be controlled like the conventional petroleum‐based polymers, retarding the progress of its manufacturing on a large scale. One approach to obtain high‐performance and specialty polylactides is to use stereocomplex‐type polylactides (sc‐PLA) that can be obtained by mixingPLLAand its enantiomer poly‐d‐lactide. The other approach is to use copolymers consisting of polylactides (PLA) and other types of macromolecular chains. Here we demonstrate how such high‐performance and specialtyPLApolymers can be designed and synthesized. These macromolecular designs and synthetic methodologies are highly effective for controlling the structure and properties ofPLApolymers for use as biomedical and high‐end industrial materials. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A traffic hotline discovery method over cloud of things using big taxi GPS data
Authors: Xu Xiaolong , Dou Wanchun , Zhang Xuyun , Hu Chunhua , Chen Jinjun 
Published: June 2016

SummaryTraffic hotline discovery is necessary for rational and scientific urban transportation planning in the new living quarters and economic zones. Cloud of Things (CoT) is a newly emerging concept, involving with two advanced technologies, that is, Cloud Computing and Internet of Things (IoT). CoT provides promising opportunities for traffic hotline discovery. However, it is still a challenge to discover the traffic hotlines over CoT. In view of this challenge, a hotline discovery method over CoT by using big taxi GPS data is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a traffic hotline discovery principle is presented to provide a reference standard for the generalized traffic spots that need planning, and a corresponding hotline discovery method is proposed for traffic hotspot identification and hotline selection. To improve the scalability and efficiency of the proposed method in “Big Data” environment, the SAP HANA cloud is applied to implement the proposed method under two application scenarios. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is both effective and efficient. Software—Practice and Experience. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sicherheitsuntersuchungen eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks
Authors: Sobek Werner , Binz Hansgeorg , Flaig Christine , Crostack Alexander , Herrmann Thorsten , Haase Walter , Roth Daniel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAktive Komponenten sind im Bauwesen bislang kein Bestandteil von Sicherheitskonzepten. Zur Realisierung ultraleichter Strukturen sind aktive Komponenten jedoch unerlässlich. In das Sicherheitskonzept des Ultraleichtbaus müssen deshalb spezielle Aspekte wie Ausfallsicherheit und Notbetrieb aufgenommen werden. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Bedeutung aktiver Komponenten am Beispiel eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks. Dieses wurde von der durch die DFG geförderten Forschergruppe 981 entwickelt. Der Artikel widmet sich hierbei insbesondere der Frage, ob und wie sich bestehende Sicherheitskonzepte aus anderen Disziplinen an die Anforderungen des Ultraleichtbaus anpassen lassen. Hierzu werden die Methoden Fehlerbaumanalyse (FTA) sowie Fehlermöglichkeits‐ und –einflussanalyse (FMEA) vorgestellt. Der erste Teil dieses Aufsatzes erschien in Ausgabe 3/2016. Er widmet sich den theoretischen Inhalten der Sicherheitsuntersuchungen und beschreibt den von der Forschergruppe 981 entwickelten Demonstrator inklusive der neuartigen Konstruktionselemente. Der hier vorliegende zweite Teil des Aufsatzes stellt die praktische Umsetzung der im ersten Teil entwickelten theoretischen Erkenntnisse vor.Safety investigations of an adaptive shell structure – Part 2: Usage of the fault tree analysis and the failure mode and effects analysis. Until now, safety concepts of the construction industry do not consider the use of active components. However, such components are an essential part of ultralightweight structures. Therefore, special aspects of active components, such as safeguarding against failure and emergency operation mode, have to be included in the safety concept of ultralightweight structures. The present article describes the use of active components using the example of an adaptive shell structure. This shell structure was developed by research unit 981, a research unit funded by DFG (German Research Foundation). The article also proposes an adaptation of existing safety concepts by using approaches from other disciplines. Furthermore, the methods fault tree analysis (FTA) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) are presented. Part 1 of the paper (published in issue 3/2016) describes theoretical investigations on safety concepts, the adaptive shell structure and the design elements, developed in the framework of the research unit. Part 2 (published in this issue) will provide the results of a practical application of the methods described in the first part.
Die Stahlkonstruktion des 500‐m‐Radioteleskops FAST
Authors: Kärcher Hans Jürgen , Li Hui , Nan Rendong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIm Süden Chinas entsteht zurzeit das “Five‐hundred‐meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope”, abgekürzt FAST, das mit seinen 500 m Durchmesser weltweit das größte Einzelteleskop sein wird. Das Teleskop dient der Radioastronomie und soll helfen, neue Erkenntnisse über die Struktur der Galaxien, aber auch über die dunkle Energie und die dunkle Materie zu gewinnen – Themen, die derzeit in der astronomischen Community heiß diskutiert werden. Als Standort wurde ein Tal in den Karstbergen der Provinz Guizhou ausgewählt, das schon in etwa die Form der feststehenden Reflektorschüssel hatte. Die Reflektorfläche besteht aus dreieckigen Segmenten von etwa 11 m Seitenlänge, die auf einem Seilnetz befestigt sind. Je nach gewünschter Beobachtungsrichtung kann das Seilnetz über motorische Zugglieder in seiner Parabolform angepasst werden. In der Mitte der Schüssel, im Fokus des Parabols hängt die Empfängerkabine, die über Seilwinden beim Beobachten der Himmelsdrehung nachgeführt wird. Der Aufsatz beschreibt den Entwurf und die Herstellung des Hauptreflektors, der Aufhängung und Nachführung der Fokuskabine und die zugehörigen Stahlstrukturen, die das Ganze zusammenhalten.The Steel Construction of the 500m Radiotelescope FAST. China is building at this time in the southern province of Guizhou the “Five‐hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope” FAST. It will be with its 500m diameter the largest single dish radio telescope in the world. The telescope will serve for latest state of the art astronomy, focused on the investigation of the structure of galaxies, and searching for dark energy and dark matter – issues heavily discussed in the international astronomical community. The telescope is located in a valley of a Karst region, which had by nature nearly the shape of the reflector bowl. The reflector surface consists of triangular segments of about 11 m size, which are supported by a cable net. The surface can be shaped to a paraboloid by motorized jacks in direction of the object observed on the sky. The radio receivers are located in a cabin of about 13 m size which is hanging on six ropes supported on towers outside the reflector. The receiver cabin has to be in the focus area of the actual reflector paraboloid, which is achieved be six capstan type drives at the foot of the towers. The article describes the design and construction of the reflector and the construction of the receiver cabin suspension system including the steel structure which holds everything together.
Hybrid Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers for Controlled Chemotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Li Menghuan , Luo Zhong , Zhao Yanli 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRapid developments in materials science and biological mechanisms have greatly boosted the research discoveries of new drug delivery systems. In the past few decades, hundreds of nanoparticle‐based drug carriers have been reported almost on a daily basis, in which new materials, structures, and mechanisms are proposed and evaluated. Standing out among the drug carriers, the hybrid nanoparticle systems offer a great opportunity for the optimization and improvement of conventional chemotherapy. By combining several features of functional components, these hybrid nanoparticles have shown excellent promises of improved biosafety, biocompatibility, multifunctionality, biodegradability, and so forth. In this Personal Account, we highlight the recent research advances of some representative hybrid nanoparticles as drug delivery systems and discuss their design strategies and responsive mechanisms for controlled drug delivery.
Verformungsverhalten nanostrukturierter HPPMS‐Hartstoffschichten
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Brögelmann Tobias , Kruppe Nathan C. , Arghavani Mostafa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDie nitridischen Hartstoffbeschichtungen hergestellt mittels HPPMS (High Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering)‐ oder HiPIMS (High Power Impulse Mag‐netron Sputtering)‐Verfahren finden aufgrund ihrer hervorragenden Verschleiß‐ und Korrosionsbeständigkeit unter anspruchsvollen Bedingungen ein breites Anwendungsfeld in tribologischen Anwendungen. Im Einsatz können erhebliche mechanische Beanspruchungen auf die beschichteten Werkzeuge oder Bauteile ausgeübt werden. Daher ist das Verformungsverhalten der Beschichtungen unter mechanischen Belastungen für die Anwendung entscheidend. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Verformungsverhalten von nitridischen Hartstoffbeschichtungen im System M‐Al‐O‐N (M = Cr, V) umfassend mittels Nanoindentation und Nanoscratchtests zu erforschen. Dabei wurden sowohl nanoskalige Multilayer‐Schichtsysteme (Nanolaminate) als auch einlagige Beschichtungen im HPPMS‐Verfahren hergestellt und untersucht. Entgegen den Erwartungen an das spröde Werkstoffverhalten keramikartiger Beschichtungen weisen die Ergebnisse auf ein ausgeprägtes plastisches Verformungsverhalten der untersuchten Hartstoffbeschichtungen hin. Des Weiteren zeigen die eingesetzten Schichtsysteme neben einer hohen Festigkeit auch eine signifikante Rissbeständigkeit unter mechanischen Beanspruchungen.
Physiological, pathological, and engineered cell identity reprogramming in the central nervous system
Authors: Smith Derek K. , Wang Lei‐Lei , Zhang Chun‐Li 
Published: June 2016

Multipotent neural stem cells persist in restricted regions of the adult mammalian central nervous system. These proliferative cells differentiate into diverse neuron subtypes to maintain neural homeostasis. This endogenous process can be reprogrammed as a compensatory response to physiological cues, traumatic injury, and neurodegeneration. In addition to innate neurogenesis, recent research has demonstrated that new neurons can be engineered via cell identity reprogramming in non‐neurogenic regions of the adult central nervous system. A comprehensive understanding of these reprogramming mechanisms will be essential to the development of therapeutic neural regeneration strategies that aim to improve functional recovery after injury and neurodegeneration. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:499–517. doi: 10.1002/wdev.234This article is categorized under:

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem Cells
Cytomegalovirus enteritis in immunocompetent patients: Report of two cases diagnosed using single‐balloon enteroscopy
Authors: Hsieh Cheng‐Lin , Tu Chia‐Hung , Tsai Min‐Horn , Liang Cher‐Wei , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Tseng Ping‐Huei 
Published: June 2016

SummaryCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal tract involves mostly the colon and rectum and mainly develops in immunocompromised patients. CMV infection in the small intestines has rarely been reported in immunocompetent patients. We report two cases of CMV enteritis that developed in immunocompetent patients and involved the ileum and jejunum, respectively. Both of them were diagnosed with single‐balloon enteroscopy (SBE) and further confirmed with histopathology. The first case is a 71‐year‐old woman with a presentation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and severe anemia. Neither esophagogastroduodenoscopy nor colonoscopy identified any active bleeding. SBE and biopsy disclosed multiple scattered ulcers in the distal ileum and histopathology confirmed CMV ileitis. The hemorrhage subsided after conservative medical treatment. The second case is a 59‐year‐old woman with a presentation of progressive abdominal pain. SBE showed diffuse irregularly‐shaped ulcers located from the upper to middle jejunum, and CMV jejunitis was confirmed with endoscopic biopsy and histopathological examination. Antiviral therapy was prescribed and her abdominal pain improved gradually. We discuss the clinical manifestations and management strategies of CMV infection that develops in the small intestines of immunocompetent patients. In addition, we highlight the endoscopic characteristics of CMV enteritis and the clinical utilities of SBE in the evaluation of patients with suspected CMV infection of the small intestines.
Interoception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A review
Authors: DuBois Denise , Ameis Stephanie H. , Lai Meng‐Chuan , Casanova Manuel F. , Desarkar Pushpal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeThis review article summarizes original scientific research published to date on interoception in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Sensory processing has been shown to be atypical in ASD, yet physiological processing and subjective experience of internal sensation processing, namely interoception, has not been reported sufficiently in research or clinical settings.BackgroundThere is a small but growing body of scientific research on interoception in ASD, which is relevant to understanding the behavioral and cognitive characteristics inherent in this condition, and may provide a foundation for clinical interventions such as biofeedback, pain management, and brain stimulation techniques.MethodsA literature review of original research was performed using major scientific databases.ResultsInteroception, which occurs due to multisensory connections and integration of internal afferents in cortical and subcortical areas, is atypical in ASD, but the degree and directionality of this abnormality is not yet clear due to the heterogeneity of the condition. Between‐group interoceptive differences in individuals with and without ASD have been repeatedly demonstrated, with a slight tendency towards hyporeactivity in interoceptive awareness in individuals with ASD.SignificanceMultidimensional research combining neuroimaging with psychophysiological and self‐report measures guided by a clear theoretical model is necessary to understand how interoceptive differences link to the behavioral and cognitive characteristics of ASD. Sensory processing models and autism theory should also be updated to incorporate these recent findings.
The impact of joint partner decision making on obstetric choices and outcomes among Malawian women
Authors: Rao Nisha , Esber Allahna , Turner Abigail , Chilewani Joseph , Banda Venson , Norris Alison 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of joint partner decision making on obstetric choices and outcomes in Malawi.MethodsBetween July 15, 2014 and February 25, 2015, interviews were performed with women who reported at least one lifetime pregnancy in Lilongwe District, Malawi as part of a cross‐sectional study of reproductive decision making. Logistic regression models were applied to examine associations of joint decision making with delivery location and obstetric complications.ResultsThe study population included 860 women. Women who engaged in joint decision making with partners (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3–7.2) and women whose partners made obstetric‐care decisions alone (aOR 3.2; 95% CI 2.4–4.4) were more likely to undergo delivery at a healthcare facility compared with women who made obstetric‐care decisions individually. In comparison with women who made obstetric decisions individually, no difference in the likelihood of experiencing obstetric complications was observed for women who engaged in joint decision making (aOR 1.1; 95% CI 0.7–1.7) or for women whose partners made decisions individually (aOR 0.8; 95% CI 0.5–1.3).ConclusionIn rural Malawi, partner involvement in obstetric decision making was associated with improved obstetric choices.
Bacterial communities associated with invasive populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China
Authors: Liu L.J. , Martinez-Sañudo I. , Mazzon L. , Prabhakar C.S. , Girolami V. , Deng Y.L. , Dai Y. , Li Z.H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a destructive insect pest of a wide range of fruits and vegetables. This pest is an invasive species and is currently distributed in some provinces of China. To recover the symbiotic bacteria of B. dorsalis from different invasion regions in China, we researched the bacterial diversity of this fruit fly among one laboratory colony (Guangdong, China) and 15 wild populations (14 sites in China and one site in Thailand) using DNA-based approaches. The construction of 16S rRNA gene libraries allowed the identification of 24 operational taxonomic units of associated bacteria at the 3% distance level, and these were affiliated with 3 phyla, 5 families, and 13 genera. The higher bacterial diversity was recovered in wild populations compared with the laboratory colony and in samples from early term invasion regions compared with samples from late term invasion regions. Moreover, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Providencia sp. were two of the most frequently recovered bacteria, present in flies collected from three different regions in China where B. dorsalis is invasive. This study for the first time provides a systemic investigation of the symbiotic bacteria of B. dorsalis from different invasion regions in China.
Andean shortening, inversion and exhumation associated with thin- and thick-skinned deformation in southern Peru
Authors: PEREZ NICHOLAS D. , HORTON BRIAN K. , McQUARRIE NADINE , STÜBNER KONSTANZE , EHLERS TODD A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA balanced cross-section spanning the Eastern Cordillera and Subandean Zone of southern Peru (13–15°S) constrains ~130 km (38%) of Cenozoic orogen-normal SW–NE Andean deformation accommodated by thick- and thin-skinned retro–arc fold–thrust belt shortening that overprinted pre-Andean Triassic normal faults. Zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He ages demonstrate continuous Oligocene to Miocene cooling of the Permo-Triassic Coasa pluton in the Eastern Cordillera. Zircon (U–Th)/He ages (~34–18 Ma) are reset and define a steep age versus elevation relationship. Apatite (U–Th)/He results reveal reset ages that define two spatially separated groups with ages of ~30–26 Ma and ~17–11 Ma. Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronologic results from Cretaceous–Cenozoic siliciclastic rocks from the Altiplano/Eastern Cordillera record Andean fold–thrust belt and magmatic-arc sediment sources. Correlative Subandean Zone rocks preserve a cratonic sediment contribution, with minor Andean sediment appearing in some Cenozoic rocks. We propose that earliest Andean deformation and structural compartmentalization of the Eastern Cordillera was linked to selective inversion of inherited Permo-Triassic basement-involved normal faults that guided subsequent thick- and thin-skinned deformation. Provenance variations between the hinterland and foreland depocentres reveal competing eastern and western sediment sources, reflecting an axial zone in the Eastern Cordillera that coincided with the inherited Triassic graben and impeded sediment source mixing. Our zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He ages are consistent with published constraints along strike and support pulses of Eocene to late Miocene exhumation that were likely driven by normal fault reactivation and protracted Eastern Cordillera deformation.
Reservoir computing and the Sooner-is-Better bottleneck
Authors: Frank Stefan L. , Fitz Hartmut 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrior language input is not lost but integrated with the current input. This principle is demonstrated by “reservoir computing”: Untrained recurrent neural networks project input sequences onto a random point in high-dimensional state space. Earlier inputs can be retrieved from this projection, albeit less reliably so as more input is received. The bottleneck is therefore not “Now-or-Never” but “Sooner-is-Better.”