bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formation in olive pomace oil using microwave pre‐heating of olive pomace
Authors: Kiralan Sündüz Sezer , Erdogdu Ferruh , Tekin Aziz 
Published: October 2016

High temperature application during drying of olive pomace before solvent extraction leads to formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their eventual presence in the oil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate a mitigation possibility of PAHs in olive pomace oil. For this purpose, microwave pre‐treatment was applied to the olive pomace before drying at 200°C to final moisture content of less than 5%. Effect of pre‐drying microwave process was carried out against drying at 200°C and vacuum drying. PAH content analysis of the solvent extracted oil was completed using a HPLC method with fluorescence detection (HPLC‐FLD). The results demonstrated that the pre‐microwave application led to 75% reduction of total PAHs content in olive pomace oil. This study highlighted the possibility of an alternative innovative strategy to apply in a process to suggest a simple solution for a significant industrial problem.Practical applications: PAHs are serious problem in olive pomace oil. Removal of PAHs in olive pomace oil has a great importance because of their carcinogenic potential. Results show that PAHs are formed during drying of olive pomace at high temperature (200°C). This study reveals that microwave application was effective strategy to reduce PAHs in olive pomace oil. Therefore, drying process was modified with microwave pre‐heating application to produce high quality olive pomace oil.In this study, the effect of microwave pre‐heating application before drying to reduce PAH formation in olive pomace oil is demonstrated. The eventual reduction of total PAH concentration in olive pomace oil indicated the effectiveness of this pre‐heating application.
The Effect of Widowhood on Mental Health ‐ an Analysis of Anticipation Patterns Surrounding the Death of a Spouse
Authors: Siflinger Bettina 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study explores the effects of widowhood on mental health by taking into account the anticipation and adaptation to the partner's death. The empirical analysis uses representative panel data from the USA that are linked to administrative death records of the National Death Index. I estimate static and dynamic specifications of the panel probit model in which unobserved heterogeneity is modeled with correlated random effects. I find strong anticipation effects of the partner's death on the probability of depression, implying that the partner's death event cannot be assumed to be exogenous in econometric models. In the absence of any anticipation effects, the partner's death has long‐lasting mental health consequences, leading to a significantly slower adaptation to widowhood. The results suggest that both anticipation effects and adaptation effects can be attributed to a caregiver burden and to the cause of death. The findings of this study have important implications for designing adequate social policies for the elderly US population that alleviate the negative consequences of bereavement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Processing and strengthening of 58S bioactive glass‐infiltrated titania scaffolds
Authors: Mesquita‐Guimarães J. , Leite M. A. , Souza J. C. M. , Henriques B. , Silva F. S. , Hotza D. , Boccaccini A. R. , Fredel M. C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this work, TiO2 ceramic scaffolds were fabricated by the replica method using polyurethane (PU) sponges. Suspensions with high solid content were used to achieve scaffolds with improved mechanical behavior. TiO2 ceramic suspensions were optimized by rheological studies using different additives. It was found that the composition with 0.5 wt % Darvan enhanced the covering of the sponge struts. PU sponges of 45 to 80 ppi (pore per inch) were well coated without clogging pores. A thermal treatment with varying holding times, temperatures and heating rates was adjusted. The influence of different pore sizes on mechanical strength was evaluated. It was possible to obtain TiO2 scaffolds with 90% porosity and high pore interconnectivity, having compressive strength exceeding 0.6 MPa. TiO2 scaffolds were filled up with a 58S bioactive glass suspension to impart bioactive character to the scaffolds. These hybrid structures presented mechanical strengthening of about 26–213% depending on their sponge porosity. The prediction for cells viability via zeta potential measures indicated that this hybrid material is very promising for scaffold application with −19 to −25 mV between pH of 7.35–7.45. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 590–600, 2017.
Immunogenicity of antigen‐conjugated biodegradable polydiacetylene liposomes administered mucosally
Authors: Abrams Jasmyn S. , Howe Savannah E. , Becerra Nathalie , Kohli Punit , Konjufca Vjollca 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:In this work, we report a protocol for synthesizing nanosize ovalbumin‐functionalized polydiacetylene (PDA) liposomes (LP‐Ova). We show that LP‐Ova administered per‐orally (p.o.) and subcutaneously (s.c.), without the use of adjuvants, induces high serum IgG1 titers. As reported previously using polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs), p.o.‐primed mice developed high titers of IgG2c and intestinal IgA following s.c. boosting immunization with LP‐Ova. Mice that received a single s.c. immunization with LP‐Ova did not develop serum IgG2c or intestinal IgA antibodies. Additionally, in s.c.‐immunized mice serum IgG1 titers decreased significantly by 3 months after immunization. In contrast, in mice primed p.o. and boosted s.c. with LP‐Ova, serum IgG1/IgG2c, and intestinal IgA antibody titers remained stable. Administration of LPs exerted no adverse effects on immunized mice as no morbidity or signs of toxicity were observed for the duration of the studies. These results indicate that antigen‐conjugated liposomes are immunogenic and confirm a previous report that mucosal priming followed by a s.c. boosting immunization is the most effective strategy for inducing long‐lasting mucosal IgA, as well as a polarized Th1/Th2 systemic response. In addition to being biodegradable and easily functionalized by conjugation, liposomes have a hollow core which can also be loaded with cargo, allowing for a targeted delivery of multiple antigens (or drugs) simultaneously. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 557–565, 2017.
Micro‐Raman and SER spectroscopy to unfold Lefranc's early organic pigment formulations
Authors: Gabrieli F. , Doherty B. , Miliani C. , Degano I. , Modugno F. , Uldank D. , Kunzelman D. , Buzzegoli E. , Patti M. , Rosi F. 
Published: October 2016

The introduction of synthetic dyes and pigments into commerce in the late 19th century was a stimulating time for experimental scientists in their laboratory formulations and for artists in their usage. Nowadays, the period of pioneering syntheses and employment of synthetic organic colouring materials is highly intriguing for scientific research and for conservation purposes in heritage science. In this work, a combination of spectroscopic and chromatographic methods has permitted the elucidation of the chemical composition of 16 early synthetic organic pigment powders from the Lefranc experimental laboratory collection dating 1890–1914. It can be hypothesized that the most successful of these formulations could have been finalized in paint tubes and released onto the market, meaning that they may even be found in artworks from the same period.Specifically, information from this crucial period of transition from the exclusive use of natural dyes/colourants (such as neoflavonoids and plant and insect anthraquinones) to the introduction of their synthetic counterparts (such as synthetic alizarin and purpurin, and acid stable cochineal, together with monoazo and diazo pigments) is confirmed through Raman/surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. By means of X‐ray fluorescence and mid‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a combination of traditional and modern inorganic substrates has been identified (alum, kaolin, barium sulfate and metallic salts), while Raman has provided additional data regarding the possible complexation of these pigments in the form of lakes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐intensity ultrasound enhances the immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgE binding of ovalbumin
Authors: Yang Wen‐Hua , Tu Zong‐Cai , Wang Hui , Li Xue , Tian Ming 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDHen eggs are widely used in food industry as a result of their excellent nutritional and processing properties and ovalbumin (OVA) is the major allergen of hen egg whites. Ultrasound has been widely used in the food processing industry, although the effect of high‐intensity ultrasound on the immunoglobulin (Ig)G binding, IgE binding and conformational structure of OVA remains unclear.RESULTSUltrasound treatment at 600–800 W dramatically increased the IgG and IgE binding of OVA, with the highest values observed at 600 W. The free sulfhydryl content, surface hydrophobicity and ultraviolet absorption were gradually increased when the power was increased from 200 to 600 W, implying the occurrence of molecule unfolding. When the power was 800 W, the binding ability was slightly decreased and was associated with the aggregation of OVA molecules. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis implied that ultrasound treatment at 800 W could induce the aggregation of OVA molecules via disulfide bonds and/or hydrophobic interactions.CONCLUSIONHigh‐intensity ultrasound can increase the potential allergenicity of OVA. Therefore, high‐intensity ultrasound processing of some egg products alone may improve the risk of an allergenic reaction in egg allergy patients to some extent. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Recovery of lakes and coastal marine ecosystems from eutrophication: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: McCrackin Michelle L. , Jones Holly P. , Jones Peter C. , Moreno‐Mateos David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn order to inform policies aimed at reducing nutrient emissions to surface waters, it is essential to understand how aquatic ecosystems respond to eutrophication management. Using data from 89 studies worldwide, we examined responses to the reduction or cessation of anthropogenic nutrient inputs relative to baseline conditions. Baseline conditions were pre‐disturbance conditions, undisturbed reference sites, restoration targets, or experimental controls. We estimated recovery completeness (% baseline conditions reached) and recovery rate (annual % change relative to baseline conditions) for plant and animal abundance and diversity and for ecosystem functions. Categories were considered fully recovered if the 95% confidence interval (CI) of recovery completeness overlapped 100% and partially recovered if the CI did not overlap either 100% or zero. Cessation of nutrient inputs did not result in more complete or faster recovery than partial nutrient reductions, due likely to insufficient passage of time, nutrients from other sources, or shifting baselines. Together, lakes and coastal marine areas achieved 34% (±16% CI) and 24% (±15% CI) of baseline conditions decades after the cessation or partial reduction of nutrients, respectively. One third of individual response variables showed no change or worsened conditions, suggesting that achieving baseline conditions may not be possible in all cases. Implied recovery times after cessation of nutrient inputs varied widely, from < 1 yr to nearly a century, depending on response. Our results suggest that long‐term monitoring is needed to better understand recovery timescales and trajectories and that policy measures must consider the potential for slow and partial recovery.
Dynamic Study of Deformation and Adhesion of an Amorphous Polyethylene/Graphene Interface: A Simulation Study
Authors: Nikkhah Sousa Javan , Moghbeli Mohammad Reza , Hashemianzadeh Seyed Majid 
Published: October 2016

In this paper, molecular dynamics tensile simulations of an amorphous polyethylene/graphene (PE/G) interface are carried out to investigate its adhesion strength. The effect of PE chain length and number and functionalization of G surface on the tensile behavior and interfacial adhesion is studied. The results show that the adhesion strength enhances with increasing chain length and number of the PE chains. In addition, the functionalization of G surface causes an increase in the adhesion strength comparing to unfunctionalized G due to deformation of a larger volume of the PE chains relying on the functionalized G. The contribution of bond length, bond angle, torsional potentials, and nonbonded energy is estimated as a function of interface elongation to clarify the deformation mechanisms within different tensile regions. The energy partitioning results indicate that the elastic, yield, and early postyielding regions are mostly controlled by the nonbonded interactions. However, the dihedral motions of the chains in addition to nonbonded interactions show a significant role in the disentanglement region, a part of postyielding and separation region. Furthermore, the simulation results exhibit how the internal mechanism associated with density profile, chain entanglements, and ordering can be evolved with increasing the interface elongation.
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Mobile NMR: An essential tool for protecting our cultural heritage
Authors: Baias Maria 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhat is ‘cultural heritage’? Is it simply our legacy of physical artifacts – or is it our collective legacy as human societies – how we want to be remembered by future generations? With time, negligence, and even military conflict working to erase the past, we must ask: Can a better understanding of our shared heritage assists us in addressing cultural differences in the present day? And how can science both help us understand the historic record and work to preserve it? In this perspective article, we examine an emerging scientific method, mobile nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which can help us examine in a non‐invasive way important objects and sites of our cultural heritage. Following these investigations, one can envisage ways for protecting our global heritage for future generations. For this purpose, we examine how this method can be used to non‐destructively explore historical artifacts, which can lead to understanding the science behind the creation of these treasured items – paintings, frescoes, parchments, historical buildings, musical instruments, ancient mummies, and other artifacts. This perspective article follows few relevant examples from the scientific literature where mobile NMR has been applied in a non‐invasive way to analyze objects of cultural heritage. One can envision possible future advancements of this technique and further applications where portable NMR can be used for conservation of cultural heritage. © 2016 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Rehabilitation needs approached by health professionals at a rheumatism hospital
Authors: Mengshoel Anne Marit , Skarbø Åse 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine the characteristics of patients referred to occupational therapists (OTs), physiotherapists (PTs) and social workers (SWs) at a rehabilitation unit in a hospital specializing in rheumatology, and the rehabilitation needs that clinicians and patients agreed should be addressed in the encounters with the particular health professional groups.MethodsConsecutive hospitalized patients at a rheumatism hospital were recruited by the health professionals. Questions about patient characteristics and rehabilitation needs were posed. Free‐text responses to questions about rehabilitation needs were coded by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).ResultsThe patients varied considerably in age distribution, disease duration, disability level and diagnoses, and several patients had comorbidities. The rehabilitation needs classified under the component Body Function fell into the chapters: Sensory Functions and Pain (PTs), Functions of Cardiovascular System (PTs), Neuromusculoskeletal and Movement‐Related Functions (OTs, PTs); under the Activity and Participation component, these were: General Tasks and Demands (OTs), Mobility (OTs), Self‐Care (PTs), Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships (SWs) and Major Life Stress (SWs); and under the Environmental Factors component these were: Products and Technology (OTs) and Services, Systems and Politics (SWs).ConclusionsThe patients were fairly heterogeneous. The needs identified in the encounters with the different professional groups fell into all three components of the ICF, and there was only a minor overlap between the health professionals at the chapter level of the ICF.
Optimizing electrodiagnosis for Guillain–Barré syndrome: Clues from clinical practice
Authors: Rajabally Yusuf A. , Hiew Fu Liong 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe most efficient method of performing electrophysiology for Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is unknown.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed electrophysiological data of 97 consecutive GBS patients from Birmingham, UK (2001–2012), studied ≤ 3 weeks post‐onset.ResultsThe sensitivity of electrophysiology for each GBS subtype was dependent on the upper and lower limb nerves tested. In acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), abnormalities were predominant in the arms, whereas leg abnormalities predominated in axonal GBS. In AIDP, the most common abnormal parameters were distal motor latency and conduction block, and the most frequently affected nerve was the median. In axonal GBS, reduced motor amplitudes and conduction block were the most common parameters, and the most frequently abnormal nerve was the tibial.ConclusionsElectrodiagnostic sensitivity in GBS is dependent on nerves tested and parameters considered. Each subtype preferentially involves specific nerves and parameters. These findings may help per‐procedure interpretation, improve electrodiagnostic sensitivity, and reduce patient discomfort. Muscle Nerve 55: 748–751, 2017
Skin under Tnf influence: how regulatory T cells work against macrophages in psoriasis
Authors: Gatzka Martina 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐17 are key cytokines driving psoriasis and other inflammatory autoimmune diseases, and thus represent effective targets for anti‐psoriatic therapy. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Leite Dantas et al explore a mouse model of TNF‐mediated psoriasiform dermatitis and arthritis with doxycyclin‐inducible general overexpression of human TNF (ihTNFtg) mice for the contributions of macrophages and T cells in skin inflammation – with some unexpected and interesting findings. Although T cells are commonly known as major proinflammatory players in psoriasis, in the ihTNFtg mouse model macrophages were the predominant cells causing inflammation, and T cells, represented by Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, mainly formed the opposition to keep inflammation in check. In addition to offering a new perspective on potential alternative initiation mechanisms in psoriatic skin inflammation, this constellation illustrates how cellular networks in inflammatory conditions evolve according to the prevailing cytokine, and may help to explain individual responses to either anti‐TNF‐α or anti‐IL‐17 therapy regimens in psoriasis. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precision medicine in pediatric oncology: Lessons learned and next steps
Authors: Mody Rajen J. , Prensner John R. , Everett Jessica , Parsons D. Williams , Chinnaiyan Arul M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe maturation of genomic technologies has enabled new discoveries in disease pathogenesis as well as new approaches to patient care. In pediatric oncology, patients may now receive individualized genomic analysis to identify molecular aberrations of relevance for diagnosis and/or treatment. In this context, several recent clinical studies have begun to explore the feasibility and utility of genomics‐driven precision medicine. Here, we review the major developments in this field, discuss current limitations, and explore aspects of the clinical implementation of precision medicine, which lack consensus. Lastly, we discuss ongoing scientific efforts in this arena, which may yield future clinical applications.
Aromatic claw: A new fold with high aromatic content that evades structural prediction
Authors: Sachleben Joseph R. , Adhikari Aashish N. , Gawlak Grzegorz , Hoey Robert J. , Liu Gaohua , Joachimiak Andrzej , Montelione Gaetano T. , Sosnick Tobin R. , Koide Shohei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe determined the NMR structure of a highly aromatic (13%) protein of unknown function, Aq1974 from Aquifex aeolicus (PDB ID: 5SYQ). The unusual sequence of this protein has a tryptophan content five times the normal (six tryptophan residues of 114 or 5.2% while the average tryptophan content is 1.0%) with the tryptophans occurring in a WXW motif. It has no detectable sequence homology with known protein structures. Although its NMR spectrum suggested that the protein was rich in β‐sheet, upon resonance assignment and solution structure determination, the protein was found to be primarily α‐helical with a small two‐stranded β‐sheet with a novel fold that we have termed an Aromatic Claw. As this fold was previously unknown and the sequence unique, we submitted the sequence to CASP10 as a target for blind structural prediction. At the end of the competition, the sequence was classified a hard template based model; the structural relationship between the template and the experimental structure was small and the predictions all failed to predict the structure. CSRosetta was found to predict the secondary structure and its packing; however, it was found that there was little correlation between CSRosetta score and the RMSD between the CSRosetta structure and the NMR determined one. This work demonstrates that even in relatively small proteins, we do not yet have the capacity to accurately predict the fold for all primary sequences. The experimental discovery of new folds helps guide the improvement of structural prediction methods.
Risk‐adjusted Monitoring of Healthcare Quality: Model Selection and Change‐point Estimation
Authors: Steward Robert M. , Rigdon Steven E. 
Published: October 2016

Risk adjustment, which is used when healthcare outcomes are monitored, involves taking into account measures of the patient condition and how these measures are related to the outcomes. When the outcome is dichotomous, such as survival/death, the modeling involves logistic regression to assess the relationship between the predictor(s) and the outcome. Most risk‐adjusted control charts are designed to detect a change in the log‐odds of the adverse outcome, but there are a number of possible changes that could occur. For example, there could be an increase in the probability of adverse outcomes for low‐risk patients with no change for high‐risk patients. We address the problem of risk‐adjusted monitoring as a change‐point problem with several possible change‐point models. For p risk variables, there are 2p + 1 possible change‐point models, because each of the slope parameters or the intercept in the logistic regression model can change. Our approach generalizes previous risk‐adjusted charts in that we look for changes in any of the parameters. We take a Bayesian approach and find the posterior distribution for the model (i.e., which coefficients changed), the time of the change, and the values of the parameters for those that changed. All three tasks are accomplished in the context of a single model. We apply reversible jump MCMC to account for the variable size of the parameter space. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.