bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversification of the kinetic properties of yeast NADP‐glutamate‐dehydrogenase isozymes proceeds independently of their evolutionary origin
Authors: Campero‐Basaldua Carlos , Quezada Héctor , Riego‐Ruíz Lina , Márquez Dariel , Rojas Erendira , González James , El‐Hafidi Mohammed , González Alicia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, theScGDH1andScGDH3encoded glutamate dehydrogenases (NADP‐GDHs) catalyze the synthesis of glutamate from ammonium and α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG). Previous kinetic characterization showed that these enzymes displayed different allosteric properties and respectively high or low rate of α‐KGutilization. Accordingly, the coordinated action ofScGdh1 andScGdh3, regulated balanced α‐KGutilization for glutamate biosynthesis under either fermentative or respiratory conditions, safeguarding energy provision. Here, we have addressed the question of whether there is a correlation between the regulation and kinetic properties of theNADP‐GDHisozymes present inS. cerevisiae(ScGdh1 andScGdh3),Kluyveromyces lactis(KlGdh1), andLachancea kluyveri(LkGdh1) and their evolutionary history. Our results show that the kinetic properties ofK. lactisandL. kluyverisingleNADP‐GDHs are respectively similar to eitherScGDH3orScGDH1, which arose from the whole genome duplication event of theS. cerevisiaelineage, although,KlGDH1andLkGDH1originated from aGDHclade, through an ancient interspecies hybridization event that preceded the divergence between theSaccharomycesclade and the one containing the generaKluyveromyces,Lachancea, andEremothecium. Thus, the kinetic properties which determine theNADP‐GDHs capacity to utilize α‐KGand synthesize glutamate do not correlate with their evolutionary origin.
Coupling dynamic behaviors of spatial flexible beam with weak damping
Authors: Hu Weipeng , Li Qingjun , Jiang Xianhong , Deng Zichen 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAs a typical high‐dimensional nonlinear dynamic problem, the difficulties of the dynamic analysis on the spatial flexible damping beam mostly result from the coupling between the spatial motion and the transverse vibration. Considering the coupling effect and the weak structure damping, the dynamic behaviors of the spatial flexible beam are investigated by a complex structure‐preserving method in this paper. Based on the variational principle, the dynamic model of the spatial flexible damping beam is established, which can be decoupled into two parts approximately, one controls the spatial motion and another mainly controls the transverse vibration. For the first part, the classic fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method can be used to discrete it expediently. For the latter part, based on the generalized multi‐symplectic idea, the approximate symmetric form as well as the generalized multi‐symplectic conservation law is formulated, and a 15‐point scheme equivalent to the Preissmann scheme is constructed. Numerical iterations are performed for six typical initial cases between the two parts to study the dynamic behaviors of the spatial flexible beam. In the numerical experiments, the effects of the damping factor and the initial conditions (including the initial radial velocity and the initial attitude angle) on the dynamic behaviors of the spatial flexible beam are investigated in detail. From the numerical results, it can be concluded that the damping effect on the long‐time dynamic behaviors of the spatial flexible beam could not be neglected even if it is weak; the numerical method proposed in this paper owns the tiny numerical dissipation as well as the excellent long‐time numerical stability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between feeding practices and maternal and child weight among mothers who do and do not correctly identify their child's weight status
Authors: Tabak R. G. , Schwarz C. D. , Haire‐Joshu D. L. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveThis study aimed to explore factors associated with accuracy of maternal weight perception and determine if maternal feeding practices are associated with weight status.MethodsOverweight/obese mothers reported demographics and perception of their child's weight and completed a modified preschooler feeding questionnaire. Mother's and child's height and weight were measured. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between demographic factors and accuracy. Correlations between the preschooler feeding questionnaire scales and mom's body mass index (BMI) and child's BMI‐percentile were explored for the total sample and accurate and underestimating moms.ResultsAmong mothers whose child was overweight or obese, only 20% of mothers correctly identified the child as overweight. Forty percent of moms were underestimaters. There was a positive correlation between concern the child was overweight/overeating and the child's BMI‐percentile among underestimating moms; in the total sample (r = 0.32, p < .001) and accurate moms (r = 0.52, p < .001). In underestimaters only, there was a negative relationship between child BMI‐percentile and pressure to eat (r = −0.30, p < .001) and concern about child underweight (r = −0.47, p < .001).ConclusionsThis study identified different associations between child weight and mother's feeding practices in mothers accurately and inaccurately perceiving her child's weight. Intervention studies should explore targeting education on feeding practices based on these perceptions.
Glutathione transferase P1‐1 as an arsenic drug‐sequestering enzyme
Authors: Parker Lorien J. , Bocedi Alessio , Ascher David B. , Aitken Jade B. , Harris Hugh H. , Lo Bello Mario , Ricci Giorgio , Morton Craig J. , Parker Michael W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractArsenic‐based compounds are paradoxically both poisons and drugs. Glutathione transferase (GSTP1‐1) is a major factor in resistance to such drugs. Here we describe using crystallography, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, mutagenesis, mass spectrometry, and kinetic studies how GSTP1‐1 recognizes the drug phenylarsine oxide (PAO). In conditions of cellular stress where glutathione (GSH) levels are low, PAO crosslinks C47 to C101 of the opposing monomer, a distance of 19.9 Å, and causes a dramatic widening of the dimer interface by approximately 10 Å. The GSH conjugate of PAO, which forms rapidly in cancerous cells, is a potent inhibitor (Ki = 90 nM) and binds as a di‐GSH complex in the active site forming part of a continuous network of interactions from one active site to the other. In summary, GSTP1‐1 can detoxify arsenic‐based drugs by sequestration at the active site and at the dimer interface, in situations where there is a plentiful supply of GSH, and at the reactive cysteines in conditions of low GSH.
PET radiotracer development for imaging high‐affinity state of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors: Binding studies of fluorine‐18 labeled aminotetralins in rodents
Authors: Mukherjee Jogeshwar , Majji Divya , Kaur Jasmeet , Constantinescu Cristian C. , Narayanan Tanjore K. , Shi Bingzhi , Nour Mohamed T. , Pan Min‐Liang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractImaging the high‐affinity, functional state (HA) of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors has been pursued in PET imaging studies of various brain functions. We report further evaluation of 18F‐5‐OH‐FPPAT, and the newer 18F‐5‐OH‐FHXPAT and 18F‐7‐OH‐FHXPAT. Syntheses of 18F‐5‐OH‐FHXPAT and 18F‐7‐OH‐FHXPAT were improved by modifications of our previously reported procedures. Brain slices and brain homogenates from male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used with the 3 radiotracers (74‐111 kBq/cc). Competition with dopamine (1–100 nM) and Gpp(NH)p (10–50 µM) were carried out to demonstrate binding to dopamine D2 and D3 HA‐states and binding kinetics of 18F‐5‐OH‐FPPAT measured. Ex vivo brain slice autoradiography was carried out on rats administered with 18F‐5‐OH‐FHXPAT to ascertain HA‐state binding. PET/CT imaging in rats and wild type (WT) and D2 knock‐out mice were carried out using 18F‐7‐OH‐FHXPAT (2‐37 MBq). Striatum was clearly visualized by the three radiotracers in brain slices and dopamine displaced more than 80% of binding, with dissociation rate in homogenates of 2.2 × 10−2 min−1 for 18F‐5‐OH‐FPPAT. Treatment with Gpp(NH)p significantly reduced 50–80% striatal binding with faster dissociation rates (5.0 × 10−2 min−1), suggesting HA‐state binding of 18F‐5‐OH‐FPPAT and 18F‐5‐OH‐FHXPAT. Striatal binding of 18F‐5‐OH‐FHXPAT in ex vivo brain slices were sensitive to Gpp(NH)p, suggesting HA‐state binding in vivo. PET binding ratios of 18F‐7‐OH‐FHXPAT in rat brain were ventral striatum/cerebellum = 2.09 and dorsal striatum/cerebellum = 1.65; similar binding ratios were found in the D2 WT mice. These results suggest that in vivo PET measures of agonists in the brain at least in part reflect binding to the membrane‐bound HA‐state of the dopamine receptor.
Strain engineering and process optimization for enhancing the production of a thermostable steryl glucosidase in Escherichia coli
Authors: Eberhardt Florencia , Aguirre Andres , Menzella Hugo G , Peiru Salvador 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Biodiesels produced from transesterification of vegetable oils have a major problem in quality due to the presence of precipitates, which are mostly composed of steryl glucosides (SGs). We have recently described an enzymatic method for the efficient removal of SGs from biodiesel, based on the activity of a thermostable β-glycosidase from Thermococcus litoralis. In the present work, we describe the development of an Escherichia coli-based expression system and a high cell density fermentation process. Strain and process engineering include the assessment of different promoters to drive the expression of a codon-optimized gene, the co-expression of molecular chaperones and the development of a high cell density fermentation process. A 200-fold increase in the production titers was achieved, which directly impacts on the costs of the industrial process for treating biodiesel.
Epidemiology of developmental dysplasia of the hip within the UK: Refining the risk factors
Authors: Woodacre Timothy , Ball Thomas , Cox Peter 
Published: November 2016

Purpose The epidemiology and risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) are still being refined. We investigated the local epidemiology of DDH in order to define incidence, identify risk factors, and refine our policy on selective ultrasound screening. Methods With a cohort study design, data were prospectively recorded on all live births in our region from January 1998 to December 2008. We compared data on babies treated for DDH with data for all other children. Crude odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to identify potential risk factors. Logistic regression was then used to control for interactions between variables. Results There were 182 children born with DDH (with a total of 245 dysplastic hips) and 37,051 without. The incidence was 4.9 per 1000 live births. Female sex (adjusted OR 7.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6–11.2), breech presentation (adjusted OR 24.3, 95% CI 13.1–44.9), positive family history (adjusted OR 15.9, 95% CI 11.0–22.9) and first or second pregnancy (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.3) were confirmed as risk factors ( p < 0.001). In addition, there was an increased risk with vaginal delivery (adjusted OR 2.7, 1.6–4.5, p < 0.001) and post-maturity (OR 1.7, 1.2–2.4, p < 0.002). Conclusions One in 200 children born within our region requires treatment for DDH. Using both established and novel risk factors, we can potentially calculate an individual child's risk. Our findings may contribute to the debate regarding selective versus universal ultrasound screening. Level of Evidence Prognostic Study: Level 1.
Applications of integrative OMICs approaches to gene regulation studies
Authors: Qin Jing , Yan Bin , Hu Yaohua , Wang Panwen , Wang Junwen 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundFunctional genomics employs dozens of OMICs technologies to explore the functions of DNA, RNA and protein regulators in gene regulation processes. Despite each of these technologies being powerful tools on their own, like the parable of blind men and an elephant, any one single technology has a limited ability to depict the complex regulatory system. Integrative OMICS approaches have emerged and become an important area in biology and medicine. It provides a precise and effective way to study gene regulations.ResultsThis article reviews current popular OMICs technologies, OMICs data integration strategies, and bioinformatics tools used for multi‐dimensional data integration. We highlight the advantages of these methods, particularly in elucidating molecular basis of biological regulatory mechanisms.ConclusionsTo better understand the complexity of biological processes, we need powerful bioinformatics tools to integrate these OMICs data. Integrating multi‐dimensional OMICs data will generate novel insights into system‐level gene regulations and serves as a foundation for further hypothesis‐driven research.
The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2: Validation and test of the model to Facebook use
Authors: Assunção Raquel S. , Matos Paula Mena 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe main goals of the present study were to test the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the GPIUS2 (Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2, Caplan, 2010), and to test whether the cognitive‐behavioral model proposed by Caplan (2010) replicated in the context of Facebook use. We used a sample of 761 Portuguese adolescents (53.7% boys, 46.3% girls, mean age = 15.8). Our results showed that the data presented an adequate fit to the original model using confirmatory factor analysis. The scale presented also good internal consistency and adequate construct validity. The cognitive‐behavioral model was also applicable to the Facebook context, presenting good fit. Consistently with previous findings we found that preference for online social interaction and the use of Facebook to mood regulation purposes, predicted positively and significantly the deficient self‐regulation in Facebook use, which in turn was a significant predictor of the negative outcomes associated with this use.
Predicting school adjustment from multiple perspectives on parental behaviors
Authors: Ratelle Catherine F. , Duchesne Stéphane , Guay Frédéric 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPast research supported the importance of parental autonomy support, involvement, and structure for student outcomes. The goal of this study was to test the contribution of these behaviors from mothers and fathers in predicting adolescents' adjustment in school using a multi‐informant approach. A sample of 522 adolescents (233 boys, 389 girls), their mothers (n = 535), and fathers (n = 296) participated in the study. Results revealed that parents' self‐evaluations explained additional variance in children's school adjustment, over and beyond the contribution of children's evaluation of their parents. Maternal reports on their positive behaviors (autonomy support, involvement, and structure) predicted their child's academic and emotional adjustment while their reported control predicted lower levels of these. Fathers' self‐reported positive behaviors predicted academic adjustment while their control predicted lower academic and personal‐emotional adjustment. These findings support the importance of multiple assessments of parental behaviors for improving the prediction of adjustment in school.
Thinner temporal and parietal cortex is related to incident clinical progression to dementia in patients with subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Verfaillie Sander C.J. , Tijms Betty , Versteeg Adriaan , Benedictus Marije R. , Bouwman Femke H. , Scheltens Philip , Barkhof Frederik , Vrenken Hugo , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to investigate if thinner cortex of the Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐signature region was related to clinical progression in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).MethodsWe included 302 SCD patients with clinical follow‐up (≥1 year) and three‐dimensional T1 magnetic resonance imaging. We estimated AD‐signature cortical thickness, consisting of nine frontal, parietal, and temporal gyri and hippocampal volume. We used Cox proportional hazard models (hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals) to evaluate cortical thickness in relation to clinical progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.ResultsAfter a follow‐up of the mean (standard deviation) 3 (2) years, 49 patients (16%) showed clinical progression to MCI (n = 32), AD (n = 9), or non‐AD dementia (n = 8). Hippocampal volumes, thinner cortex of the AD‐signature (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 5 [2–17]) and various AD‐signature subcomponents were associated with increased risk of clinical progression. Stratified analyses showed that thinner AD‐signature cortex was specifically predictive for clinical progression to dementia but not to MCI.DiscussionIn SCD patients, thinner regional cortex is associated with clinical progression to dementia.
Mixed neuropathologies and estimated rates of clinical progression in a large autopsy sample
Authors: Brenowitz Willa D. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Keene C. Dirk , Hawes Stephen E. , Longstreth W.T. , Woltjer Randy L. , Kukull Walter A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionWhether co‐occurring neuropathologies interact or independently affect clinical disease progression is uncertain. We estimated rates of clinical progression and tested whether associations between clinical progression and Alzheimer's disease neuropathology (ADNP) were modified by co‐occurring Lewy body disease (LBD) or vascular brain injury (VBI).MethodsLinear mixed effects models evaluated longitudinal trends in the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes on 2046 autopsied participants seen at a U.S. Alzheimer's Disease Center.ResultsAnnual clinical progression was slightly faster for ADNP + LBD compared with ADNP only (P = .06) and slightly slower for ADNP + VBI (P = .003). Differences in progression were less than expected if each neuropathology independently contributed to progression; ADNP interacted with LBD (P = .002) and VBI (P = .003). In secondary models, the effect of additional pathologies on clinical progression was greater in those with intermediate compared with high levels of ADNP.DiscussionThe impact of co‐occurring pathologies on progression may depend on severity of ADNP.
Diffuse interstitial fibrosis assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance is associated with dispersion of ventricular repolarization in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hurtado‐de‐Mendoza David , Corona‐Villalobos Celia P. , Pozios Iraklis , Gonzales Jorge , Soleimanifard Yalda , Sivalokanathan Sanjay , Montoya‐Cerrillo Diego , Vakrou Styliani , Kamel Ihab , Mormontoy‐Laurel Wilfredo , Dolores‐Cerna Ketty , Suarez Jacsel , Perez‐Melo Sergio , Bluemke David A. , Abraham Theodore P. , Zimmerman Stefan L. , Abraham M. Roselle 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy, disarray, fibrosis, and increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias. Increased QT dispersion has been reported in patients with HCM, but the underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we examined the relationship between diffuse interstitial fibrosis, replacement fibrosis, QTc dispersion and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with HCM. We hypothesized that fibrosis would slow impulse propagation and increase dispersion of ventricular repolarization, resulting in increased QTc dispersion on surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and ventricular arrhythmias.MethodsECG and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) image analyses were performed retrospectively in 112 patients with a clinical diagnosis of HCM. Replacement fibrosis was assessed by measuring late gadolinium (Gd) enhancement (LGE), using a semi‐automated threshold technique. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis was assessed by measuring T1 relaxation times after Gd administration, using the Look–Locker sequence. QTc dispersion was measured digitally in the septal/anterior (V1–V4), inferior (II, III, and aVF), and lateral (I, aVL, V5, and V6) lead groups on surface ECG.ResultsAll patients had evidence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy. LGE was evident in 70 (63%) patients; the median T1 relaxation time was 411±38 ms. An inverse correlation was observed between T1 relaxation time and QTc dispersion in leads V1–V4 (p<0.001). Patients with HCM who developed sustained ventricular tachycardia had slightly higher probability of increased QTc dispersion in leads V1–V4 (odds ratio, 1.011 [1.004–1.0178, p=0.003). We found no correlation between presence and percentage of LGE and QTc dispersion.ConclusionDiffuse interstitial fibrosis is associated with increased dispersion of ventricular repolarization in leads, reflecting electrical activity in the hypertrophied septum. Interstitial fibrosis combined with ion channel/gap junction remodeling in the septum could lead to inhomogeneity of ventricular refractoriness, resulting in increased QTc dispersion in leads V1–V4.
Postural Sway, Balance Confidence, and Fear of Falling in Women With Knee Osteoarthritis in Comparison to Matched Controls
Authors: Taglietti Marcelo , Dela Bela Laís Faganello , Dias Josilainne Marcelino , Pelegrinelli Alexandre Roberto Marcondes , Nogueira Jéssyca Fernandes , Batista Júnior João Pedro , Carvalho Rodrigo Gustavo da Silva , McVeigh Joseph Gerard , Facci Ligia Maria , Moura Felipe Arruda , Cardoso Jefferson Rosa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease that commonly affects the knee joints. Individuals older than 65 years of age with knee OA have a greater risk of falls. However, there has been limited examination of the parameters of postural sway (increased time, speed, and postural sway area [center of pressure{CoP}]), and OA of the knee.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to determine whether the CoP variables discriminate between patients with knee OA and matched healthy volunteers, and to correlate the CoP variables with the Activities‐Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and Falls Self‐Efficacy Scale (FES). The secondary objective was to compare the CoP of older women with OA with a control group in bipedal support condition with eyes opened and closed.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingUniversity Biomechanics Laboratory.ParticipantsA total of 22 participants were divided into the following 2 groups of 11 participants each: an OA group (mean = 68 years, standard deviation = 7.4 years) and a control group (mean = 66 years, standard deviation = 4.4 years).MethodsStatic postural balance was measured by a portable force platform. Data were collected in both visual conditions (eyes open and closed), in random order. Three attempts of 30 seconds were allowed for each participant on the force platform, with a 1‐minute interval between attempts.Main Outcome MeasureVariables were the CoP total displacement of sway (TDS, in centimeters), anteroposterior amplitude displacement (APAD, in centimeters), medial‐lateral amplitude displacement (MLAD, in centimeters), total mean velocity (TMV, in centimeters per second), and dispersion of the center of pressure (AREA, in centimeters squared).ResultsThe postural sway analysis found statistically significant differences in the eyes open condition for the TDS (P = .020), APAD (P = .042), TMV (P = .010), and AREA (P = .045). In the discriminant analysis, none of the CoP variables were able to classify the groups (P = .15). The correlation analysis showed that only the AREA with eyes closed was associated with the ABC Scale (rho = −0.42).ConclusionsWomen with knee OA had greater postural sway when compared with a control group for the eyes open condition. CoP variables could not discriminate between the groups. The AREA was negatively correlated with the ABC Scale, when the eyes were closed.Level of EvidenceIII