bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Protects Against Alcoholic Liver Disease Via a Macrophage Autophagy-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Denaës Timothé , Lodder Jasper , Chobert Marie-Noële , Ruiz Isaac , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Lotersztajn Sophie , Teixeira-Clerc Fatima 
Published: June 2016

AbstractKupffer cells, the resident macrophages of the liver, play a major role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. We have previously demonstrated that CB2 receptor protects against alcoholic liver disease by inhibiting alcohol-induced inflammation and steatosis via the regulation of Kupffer cell activation. Here, we explored the mechanism underlying these effects and hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory properties of CB2 receptor in Kupffer cells rely on activation of autophagy. For this purpose, mice invalidated for CB2 receptor (CB2Mye−/− mice) or for the autophagy gene ATG5 (ATG5Mye−/− mice) in the myeloid lineage and their littermate wild-type mice were subjected to chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding. CB2Mye−/− mice showed exacerbated alcohol-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression and steatosis. Studies in cultured macrophages demonstrated that CB2 receptor activation by JWH-133 stimulated autophagy via a heme oxygenase-1 dependent pathway. Moreover, JWH-133 reduced the induction of inflammatory genes by lipopolysaccharide in wild-type macrophages, but not in ATG5-deficient cells. The CB2 agonist also protected from alcohol-induced liver inflammation and steatosis in wild-type mice, but not in ATG5Mye−/− mice demonstrating that macrophage autophagy mediates the anti-inflammatory and anti-steatogenic effects of CB2 receptor. Altogether these results demonstrate that CB2 receptor activation in macrophages protects from alcohol-induced steatosis by inhibiting hepatic inflammation through an autophagy-dependent pathway.
Avian Predation on Juvenile Salmonids: Spatial and Temporal Analysis Based on Acoustic and Passive Integrated Transponder Tags
Authors: Evans Allen F. , Payton Quinn , Turecek Aaron , Cramer Bradley , Collis Ken , Roby Daniel D. , Loschl Peter J. , Sullivan Leah , Skalski John , Weiland Mark , Dotson Curtis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of predation on juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and yearling and subyearling Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha by piscivorous waterbirds from 11 different breeding colonies in the Columbia River basin during 2012 and 2014. Fish were tagged with both acoustic tags and PIT tags and were tracked via a network of hydrophone arrays to estimate total smolt mortality (1 – survival) at various spatial and temporal scales during out‐migration. Recoveries of PIT tags on bird colonies, coupled with the last known detections of live fish passing hydrophone arrays, were used to estimate the impact of avian predation relative to total smolt mortality. Results indicated that avian predation was a substantial source of steelhead mortality, with predation probability (proportion of available fish consumed by birds) ranging from 0.06 to 0.28 for fish traveling through the lower Snake River and the lower and middle Columbia River. Predation probability estimates ranged from 0.03 to 0.09 for available tagged yearling Chinook Salmon and from 0.01 to 0.05 for subyearlings. Smolt predation by gulls Larus spp. was concentrated near hydroelectric dams, while predation by Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia was concentrated within reservoirs. No concentrated areas of predation were identified for double‐crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus or American white pelicans Pelecanus erythrorhynchos. Comparisons of total smolt mortality relative to mortality from colonial waterbirds indicated that avian predation was one of the greatest sources of mortality for steelhead and yearling Chinook Salmon during out‐migration. In contrast, avian predation on subyearling Chinook Salmon was generally low and constituted a minor component of total mortality. Our results demonstrate that acoustic and PIT tag technologies can be combined to quantify where and when smolt mortality occurs and the fraction of mortality that is due to colonial waterbird predation relative to non‐avian mortality sources.Received November 4, 2015; accepted February 1, 2016 Published online June 27, 2016
Evaluation of crystallographic changes and plastic strain ratio in Al alloys
Authors: Sidor J. J. , Petrov R. H. , Xie Q. , Van Houtte P. , Kestens L. A. I. 
Published: June 2016

Over the past several decades, extensive research endeavours in the field of crystal plasticity (CP) have led to the development of various Taylor-type homogenisation models enabling simulation of texture evolution during plastic deformation. This contribution provides a brief summary on the quality of deformation texture modelling under various boundary conditions. The crystallographic evolutionary patterns are discussed on the basis of grain interaction phenomena incorporated in the CP calculations. The annealing textures are successfully simulated by considering strain heterogeneities in the particle affected zone and by employing orientation selection during both nucleation and growth stages of recrystallisation. It is shown that the Lankford value profiles can be accurately reproduced by CP calculations on condition of reliable grain statistics. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Aluminium-based materials: processing, microstructure, properties, and recycling.
Production of dicarboxylic acids from novel unsaturated fatty acids by laccase-catalyzed oxidative cleavage
Authors: Takeuchi Michiki , Kishino Shigenobu , Park Si-Bum , Kitamura Nahoko , Watanabe Hiroko , Saika Azusa , Hibi Makoto , Yokozeki Kenzo , Ogawa Jun 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The establishment of renewable biofuel and chemical production is desirable because of global warming and the exhaustion of petroleum reserves. Sebacic acid (decanedioic acid), the material of 6,10-nylon, is produced from ricinoleic acid, a carbon-neutral material, but the process is not eco-friendly because of its energy requirements. Laccase-catalyzing oxidative cleavage of fatty acid was applied to the production of dicarboxylic acids using hydroxy and oxo fatty acids involved in the saturation metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in Lactobacillus plantarum as substrates. Hydroxy or oxo fatty acids with a functional group near the carbon–carbon double bond were cleaved at the carbon–carbon double bond, hydroxy group, or carbonyl group by laccase and transformed into dicarboxylic acids. After 8 h, 0.58 mM of sebacic acid was produced from 1.6 mM of 10-oxo-cis-12,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid (αKetoA) with a conversion rate of 35% (mol/mol). This laccase-catalyzed enzymatic process is a promising method to produce dicarboxylic acids from biomass-derived fatty acids.
Initiating running barefoot: Effects on muscle activation and impact accelerations in habitually rearfoot shod runners
Authors: Lucas‐Cuevas Angel Gabriel , Priego Quesada José Ignacio , Giménez José Vicente , Aparicio Inma , Jimenez‐Perez Irene , Pérez‐Soriano Pedro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRunners tend to shift from a rearfoot to a forefoot strike pattern when running barefoot. However, it is unclear how the first attempts at running barefoot affect habitually rearfoot shod runners. Due to the inconsistency of their recently adopted barefoot technique, a number of new barefoot‐related running injuries are emerging among novice barefoot runners. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse the influence of three running conditions (natural barefoot [BF], barefoot with a forced rearfoot strike [BRS], and shod [SH]) on muscle activity and impact accelerations in habitually rearfoot shod runners. Twenty‐two participants ran at 60% of their maximal aerobic speed while foot strike, tibial and head impact accelerations, and tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscle activity were registered. Only 68% of the runners adopted a non‐rearfoot strike pattern during BF. Running BF led to a reduction of TA activity as well as to an increase of GL and GM activity compared to BRS and SH. Furthermore, BRS increased tibial peak acceleration, tibial magnitude and tibial acceleration rate compared to SH and BF. In conclusion, 32% of our runners showed a rearfoot strike pattern at the first attempts at running barefoot, which corresponds to a running style (BRS) that led to increased muscle activation and impact accelerations and thereby to a potentially higher risk of injury compared to running shod.
Quantum quenches in 1  +  1 dimensional conformal field theories
Authors: Calabrese Pasquale , Cardy John 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We review the imaginary time path integral approach to the quench dynamics of conformal field theories. We show how this technique can be applied to the determination of the time dependence of correlation functions and entanglement entropy for both global and local quenches. We also briefly review other quench protocols. We carefully discuss the limits of applicability of these results to realistic models of condensed matter and cold atoms.
Pavlik Harness Disease Revisited: Does Prolonged Treatment of a Dislocated Hip in a Harness Adversely Affect the α Angle?
Authors: Gornitzky Alex L. , Schaeffer Emily K. , Price Charles T. , Sankar Wudbhav N. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Current dogma contends that prolonged treatment of a dislocated hip in Pavlik harness beyond 3 weeks will cause “Pavlik harness disease.” To our knowledge, however, no previous studies have documented objective morphologic changes to the acetabulum from continued treatment of a persistently dislocated hip.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip, below 6 months old, who failed Pavlik treatment from a single, tertiary-care pediatric hospital and a multicenter, international study group. Inclusion criteria were dislocated hips confirmed by ultrasound (both initially and at Pavlik termination) and a minimum of 2 ultrasounds during harness treatment at least 3 weeks apart. As a global measure of acetabular morphology, α angle (AA) was compared between initial and final ultrasound. The final means of obtaining successful hip reduction was recorded from the medical records.

Results:
Forty-nine hips in 38 patients were identified. Median age at Pavlik initiation was 4 weeks (range, 0 to 18 wk); median time in harness was 6 weeks (range, 3 to 14 wk). Surprisingly, a mean of 4 degrees improvement in AA (95% CI, 2-6 degrees; P=0.001) was observed between first and final ultrasound. We found no difference in AA change between those in harness 3 to 5 weeks and those with prolonged wear >5 weeks (P=0.817). There was no significant association between change in AA and time in harness (P=0.545), age at Pavlik initiation (P=0.199), clinical reducibility of the hip (P=0.202), or initial percent femoral head coverage (P=0.956). Following harness failure, 22/49 hips (45%) were successfully treated with rigid abduction bracing, 16 (33%) by closed reduction/spica casting, and 10 (20%) by open reduction; 1 hip (2%) spontaneously reduced and required no further treatment.

Conclusions:
On the basis of the lengths of harness treatment in our series, most hips did not exhibit negative changes in the acetabular AA in response to prolonged treatment of a dislocated hip in harness. Furthermore, 80% of hips failing Pavlik treatment were successfully reduced through closed means, indicating that subsequent treatment was not compromised.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—retrospective case series.
Bone mass improved effect of icariin for postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomy-induced rats: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Xu Jin-hai , Yao Min , Ye Jie , Wang Guo-dong , Wang Jing , Cui Xue-jun , Mo Wen 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Ovariectomy (OVX)-induced rats are the most frequently used animal model to research postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our objective was to summarize and critically assess the bone mass improved effect of icariin (ICA) for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in an OVX-induced rat model.

Methods:
The PUBMED, EMBASE, and Chinese databases were searched from their inception date to February 2015. Two reviewers independently selected animal studies that evaluated the bone mass improved effect of ICA compared with control in OVX-induced rats. Extracted data were analyzed by RevMan statistical software, and the methodological quality of each study was assessed.

Results:
Seven studies with adequate randomization were included in the systematic review. Overall, ICA seemed to significantly improve bone mass as assessed using the bone mineral density (seven studies, n = 169; weighted mean difference, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.02, I2 = 77%, P < 0.00001) using a random-effects model. There is no significant difference between ICA and estrogen (E) (six studies, n = 128; weighted mean difference, 0.00; 95% CI, −0.00 to 0.01, I2 = 54%, P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Bone mass improved effect of ICA for postmenopausal osteoporosis was observed in OVX-induced rats. Assessment of the methodological quality of studies involving OVX-induced animal models is required, and good methodological quality should be valued in systematic reviews of animal studies.
Retrobulbar Injections for Blind Painful Eyes: A Comparative Study of Retrobulbar Alcohol Versus Chlorpromazine
Authors: Galindo-Ferreiro Alicia , Akaishi Patricia , Cruz Augusto , Khandekar Rajiv , Al Dosairi Saif , Dufaileej Mohammed , Al Salem Ahmed , Galvez-Ruiz Alberto , Craven E. Randy 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate 2 agents used during retrobular injections to relieve pain in blind eyes.

Methods:
This masked prospective randomized study compared retrobulbar injections for blind painful eyes that were divided into 2 groups: eyes in group 1 (G-I) received 1.5 mL of absolute alcohol (ethanol) and those in group 2 (G-II) received 1.5 mL of chlorpromazine (25 mg/mL). The pain was graded before, during, and after intervention using a verbal numeric visual analog scale. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and adverse events were also recorded. Complete success was defined as no pain after injection. Treatment failures were classified as further intervention (evisceration-enucleation) or no change in visual analog scale pain scores.

Results:
Both groups included 16 patients each. Complete success was achieved in 7 of 16 (43.7%) patients in G-I and in 6 of 16 (37.5%) in G-II. The failure rate was 5 of 16 (31.3%) in G-I and 6 of 16 (37.5%) in G-II. Postoperative adverse events occurred in 33.3% of patients in G-I and 56% of patients in G-II. Transient eyelid edema was more prominent in G-II. Reduction in IOP occurred after injection in both groups. In G-I, IOP decreased from a mean of 24.3 to 14 mm Hg. In G-II, IOP decreased from 27 to 15 mm Hg. Five of the 7 (71.4%) patients with initial IOP>45 mm Hg suffered from severe pain. After injection, only 1 patient with an IOP>27 mm Hg had moderate pain.

Conclusions:
Retrobulbar alcohol or chlorpromazine decreased IOP and reduced pain in approximately two-thirds of blind painful eyes with few postoperative complications. However, 33% of patients required further intervention to manage pain.
First Counseling Revealing the Diagnosis of Childhood Cancer: Parent Preferences From an Indian Perspective
Authors: Mohan Gem , Scott Julius X. , Nasrin Rizwana , Sneha Latha , Manohar Rakesh , Subramanian Lalitha , Narayani Sowmiya , Rajendran Aruna 
Published: June 2016

Background:
The first counseling or the exchange between the physician and the parent(s) of children with cancer is of vital importance as it sets the tone for the rest of the treatment. The goal of our study was to find out the preferences among parents of Indian children with cancer regarding communication and breaking of bad news when fully informed about the diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
A sample of 60 parents who had been counseled within 3 months from diagnosis were interviewed with a prepared questionnaire directed at eliciting their experiences with the physicians who broke the bad news to them and also suggestions to improve the exchange.

Results:
Sixty parents of children diagnosed with cancer participated in the study. All parents agreed on the importance of first counseling and asked for a second round of counseling to reinforce concepts learned during the first counseling. An overall 83% of parents wanted a comparison with another child having the same diagnosis, 57% wanted immediate or extended family to be present, and 92% did not want support staff to be present during counseling. In all, 68% of parents did not want to reveal the diagnosis to the child, 77% wanted as much information about the disease as possible, including estimated cost of treatment, and 90% wanted access to other information services and information about other centers where treatment was available.

Conclusions:
Parents have preferences about the ways in which information is presented to them during the first counseling. Knowing these preferences will help physicians to better their ability to interact with parents in the future during first counseling and help them decide a culturally appropriate course of action.
A NOVEL METHOD FOR MEASURING TEXTURE USING A FOOD PROCESSOR
Authors: Kanamori Jiro 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMeasurement of food texture is becoming increasingly important to help prevent mis-swallowing in elderly individuals. However, it is difficult to estimate food texture for mastication and swallowing. In this study, a mixing-recording method was applied to measure food texture. A commercial food processor was used to homogenize food gels, and the torque was monitored as an electric current value, which was correlated with the viscosity of Newtonian fluid. Agar and gelatin gels at several concentrations were applied to the mixing-recording system, and individual mixing curves were obtained. The current values had a different tendency at each mixing stage. At the beginning of the mixing, when lumps of the original gel were present, current values of gelatin were higher than those of agar. From the middle of mixing, the fractured pastes of high-concentration agar gels had little mobility, and current values decreased, indicating that gelatin was more cohesive than agar. The current values of low-concentration agar and gelatin were correlated with the hardness of the gels and were aligned on the same correlation curve, indicating that the viscosity of the fractured paste was correlated with the original gel hardness under certain conditions. Moreover, measurements of agar gels of different sizes revealed that the texture was size dependent. Thus, the mixing-recording method had several advantages over conventional methods, including time- and size-dependent fracturing and bolus properties, and could be useful for the measurement of food texture in terms of mastication and swallowing.
Norovirus-mediated modification of the translational landscape via virus and host-induced cleavage of translation initiation factors
Authors: Emmott Edward , Sorgeloos Frederic , Caddy Sarah L. , Vashist Surender , Sosnovtsev Stanislav , Lloyd Richard , Heesom Kate , Goodfellow Ian 
Published: June 2016

SummaryNoroviruses produce viral RNAs lacking a 5’ cap structure and instead use a virus-encoded VPg protein covalently linked to viral RNA to interact with translation initiation factors and drive viral protein synthesis. Norovirus infection results in the induction of the innate response leading to interferon stimulated gene (ISG) transcription. However the translation of the induced ISG mRNAs is suppressed. Using a novel mass spectrometry approach we demonstrate that diminished host mRNA translation correlates with changes to the composition of the eukaryotic initiation factor complex. The suppression of host ISG translation correlates with the activity of the viral protease (NS6) and the activation of cellular caspases leading to the establishment of an apoptotic environment. These results indicate that noroviruses exploit the differences between viral VPg-dependent and cellular cap-dependent translation in order to diminish the host response to infection.
Service facility relocation decision: a case study
Authors: Srivastava Samir K. , Amula Abhilash , Ghagare Prakash 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present issues and challenges faced during a firm’s facility relocation decision aimed at improving both cost and service performance in an innovative service context.

Design/methodology/approach
The reader is given background of the decision-making process behind single service facility relocation decision using a detailed case study. Key financial, operational and business data of the firm are collected, compiled and analysed. The solution methodology uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses to choose the best among the three possible discrete location choices. For propriety reasons, some information has been disguised, and some data have been sanitized.

Findings
The factors that significantly influence relocation decision are proximity to high transaction customers, infrastructure and other input costs, customer service level requirements and extant regulations. Transportation has a direct impact on cost as well as service level. Most of the findings are in line with literature, but some of them differ too.

Research limitations/implications
The approach is focused on a single case study of a pooling container firm in the Indian context and thereby limits the ability to generalize the findings. Nevertheless, this study may serve as a significant starting point for future research.

Practical implications
Firms can create a rational, efficient and even-handed approach for relocation of facilities applying a mix of qualitative and quantitative models judiciously. It provides managers better understanding and insights and actions needed for single service facility relocation.

Originality/value
This work is perhaps the first on facility relocation in emerging economies covering actual interventions and experiences. It gives new insights to a limited literature of relocating single service facility reflecting both theoretical imperatives and practitioner requirements.