bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Online Information and Social Media Platforms on Parents' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward Childhood Vaccinations in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldekhyyel Raniah , Al-Hazmi Ali M. , Al-Qahtani Reem N. , Albadrani Wejdan F. , Alsaawi Felwah S. , Alqahtani Maha S. , Alshammari Hayat Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
The aim is to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents towards childhood vaccinations. We also aim to explore if there is an association between parents' seeking vaccine information on the Internet and social media platforms, and vaccine hesitancy toward childhood vaccinations.

Materials and Methods:
Cross-sectional study was conducted in five mega malls in Riyadh by purposive sampling technique. Data collection lasted for 3 weeks from February 2020 using a self-developed questionnaire, which included: (1) sociodemographic information, (2) KAP, and (3) sources of information on childhood vaccination.

Results:
Five hundred and fourteen parents participated in our study, with most being mothers (79.4%). Most parents were informed about vaccination (94.7%), believed vaccines are safe (89.8%), and want their children to get the recommended vaccinations (92.4%). Forty-nine percent of parents use the internet as a source to seek vaccination information, while only 21% trust online information. As for social media, 27% mentioned that they use it to seek vaccine information but only 15% trust them as a source of information. 13.2% indicated that they changed their minds regarding vaccination because of information from the Internet, and 11.7% changed their minds from social media. We found a strong statistically significant association between vaccine hesitancy and information obtained from the internet and social media platforms (P = 0.000122, and 0.000025), respectively. Vaccine hesitancy, and information from family, and friends were statistically significant (P = 0.00003).

Conclusions:
We found a potential impact of internet health information and social media platforms on parents' hesitancy toward childhood vaccination.
Stress, Sleep, and Use of Sleep Aids among Physicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: AlAteeq Deemah , Almokitib Aljoharah , Mohideen Maya , AlBlowi Nouf , Fayed Amel , Alshahrani Sultan M. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to explore the use of sleeping aids among physicians in Saudi Arabia and its correlation with stress and insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A sample of 1313 physicians was collected through an online cross-sectional convenience survey. The survey was E-mailed by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties to the registered physicians in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. It includes questions related to personal and sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19, sleep-aid use, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Perceived Stress Scale.

Results:
The participants were from various job levels (398 consultants, 1919 registrars, and 716 residents) and mainly from the central (38.2%) and Western (35%) regions. More than a third of them were using sleep aids (38.6%), which were mostly melatonin (75.7%). More than half of them had insomnia (67.1%), and the majority had moderate to high perceived stress (80.1%). Significant associations were found between insomnia and a number of personal and sociodemographic characteristics: Single status, young physicians, residents, smokers, and involvement in a COVID-19 management team. Other significant associations were found between stress and a number of personal and sociodemographic characteristics: Female sex, single status, young physicians, residents, working in the Ministry of Health, being on call 5–8 times/month, and involvement in a COVID-19 management team.

Conclusions:
Physicians in Saudi Arabia have had increased insomnia, stress, and use of sleep aids during the COVID-19 pandemic. Single, young physicians need more attention to support their psychological well-being.
The Effect of Complete Denture Rehabilitation on Nutritional Status of Geriatric Patients
Authors: Singh Yash Pal , Saini Monika , Rehman Shuja Ur 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Nutrition in elderly patients has been the topic of interest in field of geriatrics. Quality of life is directly correlated with nutritional status in geriatric patients.

Aim of the Study:
This study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritional status when completely edentulous patients were rehabilitated with conventional complete dentures.

Materials and Methods:
Hundred edentulous patients, in the age group of 45–65 years, were selected, and biochemical blood analysis was done at three different time periods (0, 3, and 6 months after delivery of complete dentures) for levels of calcium, protein, phosphorus, and hemoglobin in blood. The results at three different time periods were then compared to evaluate the change in the values of these nutrients in the body.

Results:
Loss of teeth was associated with lower than normal values for calcium, protein, phosphorus, and hemoglobin in blood. There was a significant improvement in the blood calcium and protein levels at the end of 3 months, whereas there was no significant improvement in the blood phosphorus and hemoglobin.

Conclusion:
Complete denture rehabilitation has a definite positive impact on nutritional status of geriatric patients.
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outcome of Training for Surgical Residents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alessa Mohammed Yousef , Alyahya Abdulwahab Abdullatif , Buhalim Rayan Abdulwahab , Albahr Abdulelah Wasmi 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Several health-care measures were taken during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that may affect surgical residents' exposure and training.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to assess and measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical residents' education and their burnout level during that time.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-section questionnaire-based study was conducted among 417 residents in various surgical specialties in Saudi Arabia from April 2021 to July 2021.

Results:
A total of 135 residents (32.4%) were level 1, and 112 residents (26.9%) were level 2. During the pandemic, 41% of the residents reported that the number of educational didactics was lower than before, and 24.9% indicated more didactics now. The proportion of residents who attended clinics and surgical cases was higher before the pandemic compared to during the pandemic. However, 36.2% of the residents were concerned that the changes in surgical training during the pandemic could lead to unpreparedness for the next career step. In addition, most of the residents were more burnout during the pandemic compared to before.

Conclusion:
Surgical residents were concerned that they might be less competent in their specialty due to a reduction in educational didactics during the pandemic. In addition, a higher level of burnout and stress was observed in the majority of residents.
Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms among Patients Using Beta-Blockers in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Jaffer Mohammed A. , Al-Shaqrawi Ibrahim Bader , Al-Omar Omar H. , Al-Jammaz Abdullah A. , Al-Ghanim Meshaal K. , Al-Saif Albaraa M. , Al-Shunayf Mohammed N. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The relationship between depression and beta-blockers (BBs) use is a controversial topic for many decades. Due to the interference with adrenergic and serotonin receptors, BB use has been linked to depression in many early cross-sectional and case studies. Others have investigated the indirect relationship between BB use and novice antidepressant use. However, larger trials have yielded inconsistent findings. The objective of this study is to identify the presence of depression and depressive symptoms among patients using BBs in the internal medicine, cardiology, and psychiatry Departments in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) and to measure its prevalence.

Research Design and Methods:
A cross-sectional study included patients visiting Internal Medicine, Cardiology, and Psychiatry clinics at the KKUH in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who is known using BBs for any indication and excluded patients previously diagnosed with depression before taking BBs. This study was carried out from December 2018 to October 2019. Either physically or over the phone, patients were requested to complete the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 questionnaire. Drug names and pictures were provided for ease of drug identification. The sample size was 291, with a confidence interval of 95% and 5% margin of error. Written consent was acquired from all participants.

Results:
Two hundred and ninety-one surveys were collected, among 151 (52%) were females and 140 (48%) were males. Females were more likely to report depressive symptoms and had higher scores of symptom severity on average (P < 0.016). Only 17 patients (5.8%) were found to report no depressive symptoms, while most patients reported mild depressive symptoms (35%). We have not found a statistically significant relationship between BB type and the magnitude of depressive symptoms severity.

Conclusions:
Although the usage of BBs and the prevalence of depressive symptoms were not directly correlated in our study, compared to the local prevalence, our patients demonstrated a higher prevalence trend of depressed symptoms. In addition, our observations did reveal fascinating information on the gender disparity in depression.
Antimicrobial effect of Juglans regia bark with commonly used antibiotics against initial colonizers of Plaque and Caries: A comparative study
Authors: Ibrahim  , Bhardwaj Nandini , Puri Abhiney , Wadhwan Vijay , Nangia Rajat , Jahan Ishrat 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
There is a progressive increase in the patients of dental caries and periodontitis in the recent years. The main emphasis is laid on avoiding the accumulation and inducing the elimination/suppression of caries-causing microbes in the oral cavity. A variety of antimicrobial agents are incorporated into oral hygiene products but these products come up with their own disadvantages. Natural products prove to be biocompatible with medicinal properties.

Aims and Objectives:
The objective of the study is to access the antimicrobial activities of Juglans regia bark against dental caries and plaque. Also, antibacterial activity of Juglans bark is compared with oral rinses and systemic antibiotics.

Material and Methods:
The study sample consisted of 50 subjects and was divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 25 samples without caries and Group 2 also included 25 samples with caries. Both samples were in the age group 18–22 years. Plant samples of Juglans regia bark from Kashmir and Himachal were collected. Extracts containing both varieties were prepared and antibacterial activities of both groups were determined. Comparison of Juglans regia bark with antibiotics and mouthwashes was also done.

Results and Conclusion:

J. regia bark of both the varieties showed zone of inhibitions. Ethanol variety showed larger zone of inhibition than distilled water variety of both plaque and caries groups. Chlorhexidine showed satisfactory antimicrobial activity while Betadine showed none. Amoxicilline was effective but Metronidazole showed no activity against both groups. Bark of J. regia proved to be very beneficial against both plaque and caries bacteria without any side effects as both mouthwashes and antibiotics are harmful and cannot be used daily.
A set of thoughts on a series of patients with oral viral papillomas caused by the HPV 6 and 11 viruses: A brief review
Authors: Markou Angeliki , Masmanidi Christina , Kostakis George , Loumou Panagiota , Panagiotopoulos Antonios , Georgakopoulou Eleni 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Papillomas are associated with human papillomaviruses (HPV) and are commonly benign. Typically, the clinical presentation establishes the diagnosis, and treatment comprises excision and histological analysis.

Objective:
In light of our series of 39 patients with viral papillomas of the oral mucosa, we would like to express our concerns regarding the treatment of patients diagnosed with HPV 6 and 11-positive oral papillomas.

Materials and Methods:
The research is based on an analysis of 39 patients with oral papillomas who underwent conventional HPV viral testing. The analysis was conducted utilizing the in situ hybridization method. Patients tested positive for HPV subtypes 2, 4, 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 51. More than fifty percent of individuals tested positive for HPV 6 and 11.

Conclusion:
HPV subtypes have been identified in lesions with comparable clinical presentation. Many of our patients carry the HPV subtypes 6 and 11, which have been associated to sexual transmission. However, more transmission routes are also possible. The ideal treatment for us would be a referral to a Venereologist for a thorough sexually transmitted illness examination.
Estimation of human somatype using inter-canine and inter-premolar distances of the maxillary arch
Authors: Annegowda Vidya M. , Setlur Krishnanand P. , Isani Inara S. , Prakash Bhanu 
Published: September 2024

Context:
The establishment of a correlation between tooth dimensions and body size is crucial within the realm of forensic odontology. While numerous investigations have focused on the association between tooth morphology or width and stature, limited reports exist regarding the correlation between overall body structure or build and odontogenic parameters. This study focuses on finding a correlation between inter-arch dimensions and the body build of an individual.

Aims:
This study aimed to examine the potential correlation between an individual’s somatotype (body build) and the measurements of inter-canine and inter-premolar maxillary arch widths.

Study Settings:
Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences.

Study Design:
A cross-sectional study.

Methods and Material:
The sample size of the study was 153 individuals aged 18–25 years. Impressions for the maxillary arch were taken, study models were made and inter-arch measurements were taken using a digital Vernier calliper. For body build measurements, Heath-Carter somatotype measuring technique was used. The collected data were entered into an Excel sheet, and statistical analysis was done.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Principal component analysis.

Results:
On using principal component analysis, it was seen that there exists no correlation between body build of an individual when compared to inter-canine and inter-premolar distances.

Conclusions:
While no positive correlation has been seen between the odontometric parameters and specific body type, it can be argued that this can be due to the cited limitations of the study. Hence, we conclude with the note that a more detailed study would offer more viable and credible results.
Comparison of salivary flow rate and pH between healthy subjects and tobacco and areca nut chewers
Authors: Jain Kanu , Gakhar Rajnish , Bhatia Shagun , Manjunatha Bhari Sharanesha , Jindal Deepti , Jindal Varun 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Tobacco and areca nuts release carcinogens, which cause alterations in saliva. Evaluation of these changes through estimation of salivary flow rate and pH was performed in tobacco and areca nut chewers and apparently healthy subjects.

Material and Methods:
The study group for this comparative study comprised 60 subjects with 20 areca nut chewers (group 1), 20 tobacco chewers (group 2), and 20 non-tobacco and areca nut chewers (group 3) in the ages between 18 and 75 years. After collection of saliva from each subject, the salivary flow rate (SFR) was measured by using graduated tubes, whereas salivary pH was measured using a digital salivary pH meter. Tukey HSD post hoc test was performed for comparison of mean SFR and mean pH between study group subjects. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to find the mean difference in SFR and pH in duration, intensity, and frequency among various types of areca nut and tobacco users. A ”P” value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
The mean age among groups 1, 2, and 3 was 37.70 ± 10.44, 39.75 ± 10.16, and 37.90 ± 10.52 years, respectively, with a statistically insignificant difference. The mean salivary flow rate (ml/20 min) was maximum in group 3 (13.23), followed by group 2 (11.75) and group 1 (10.48), with the statistically significant difference as P < 0.05. The mean salivary pH was maximum in group 3 (7.07), followed by group 2 (6.86) and group 1 (6.49), with the statistically significant difference as P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
Long-term use of tobacco and areca nuts in a chewable form can significantly reduce the salivary flow rate and salivary pH. Hence, these measurements can be used as chair side, non-invasive measures for assessing pathological changes in oral mucosa linked to vulnerable effects among people addicted to these adverse habits; thereby, early re-organization can prevent mobility and mortality.
Evaluation of the Status of Gluteus Medius Muscle Measured by Computed Tomography Scan in Patients with Intertrochanteric Fractures Treated by Intramedullary Nailing: A Short Term Study
Authors: Girigowda Gopalakrishna Kurugunda , Nayak Varadraj Govindaraj , Gowda Lakshmisha Narasimhe , Bhikshavarthimath Suhas Aradhya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Gluteus medius is the steering muscle of the hip joint and is very important for pelvic balance. It is damaged surgically when we do antegrade nailing for an intertrochanteric femur fracture. There is not much study available in literature regarding the status of this muscle in postoperative phase.

Aims:
The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of surgical trauma on gluteus medius muscle using cross-sectional area (CSA) and adipose tissue ratio (ATR) in computed tomography (CT) scan after intramedullary nailing in patients with intertrochanteric fractures comparing with the contralateral normal side and assess the postoperative strength of gluteus medius muscle.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 31 patients with intertrochanteric fracture femur who were treated by intramedullary nailing underwent CT scan after 3 months of surgery. In CT, CSA and adipose tissue infiltration were measured at different levels. Clinically, muscle strength was assessed with Medical Research Council (MRC) grading and active hip abduction test (AHAT).

Results:
All 31 patients showed decrease in CSA and increase in adipose tissue infiltration in operated side gluteus medius muscle compared to the normal side. However, there was not much difference in MRC grading and AHAT scoring.

Conclusions:
Our imaging findings documented decrease in CSA and increase in ATR in gluteus medius muscle postoperatively. However, compared to other studies, this overall decrease is in small dimensions, possibly due to the small diameter of proximal portion of the nail which is evolved for the Asian population. Clinically, there was not much decrease in the strength of the gluteus medius muscle and it has not caused any functional problems.
Assessment of Compliance of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate in Patients with Early Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Bhaskarwar Ajit Prakash , Pande Ashish , Jaidev Kailash Pati Dev 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the common causes of knee disability. Depending on the stages of the disease, various treatment modalities are available. OA, being a degenerative and gradually progressive disease compliance with the treatment, has a major role in the outcome.

Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out at a tertiary care orthopedic center to assess the level of compliance of tablet glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with early OA of the knee. 100 consecutive patients visiting the outpatient department of orthopedics were included after clinical and radiological confirmation of diagnosis. Patients were given tablet glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate and followed up for 12 weeks. Compliance was assessed by the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS).

Results:
One hundred patients consisting of 44 males and 56 females were enrolled. The average age of the study population was 51.06 ± 9.44 years. Response recorded by the MMAS showed good compliance in 46%, moderate in 36%, and poor in 18% of cases. A significant positive correlation was found with education, family support, and awareness of the disease, whereas a negative correlation was found with age, functional impairment, comorbidities, and polypharmacy.

Conclusion:
The study confirmed the existence of good compliance to glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with early OA of the knee. The variation in the reported level of compliance in the study population was due to factors such as literacy level, family status, functional status, associated medical illnesses, daily medicinal load, as well as awareness of the disease. Only a few studies have been conducted in developing countries on medication compliance, factors influencing it, and magnitude of the impact of noncompliance; hence, there is a need for more systematic studies.
Two-stage Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Prefabricated Antibiotic-impregnated Articulating Spacer
Authors: Lal Sankalp , Damor Pankaj Kumar , Saini Mukesh Kumar , Bishnoi Ramniwas , Bhati Mahesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most dreaded complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Even though the incidence is low following TKA, it still constitutes a large number of cases due to increasing rates of TKA. Two-stage revision TKA using a prefabricated antibiotic-impregnated articulating methyl-methacrylate spacer offers eradication of infection along with the additional advantage of improved interval/postrevision function and range of motion compared to custom-made/static spacers and should be considered the treatment of choice for chronic PJI.
Does Vitamin D Level Affect the Radiographic Severity of Osteoarthritis Knee and its Functional Status?
Authors: Hariprasad S. , Seth Aditya , Karthik S. J. , Tawde Anish N. , Vecham Ratnakar , Annapareddy Adarsh , Reddy A. V. Gurava , Jain Rajat 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between Vitamin D levels, radiographic severity, and functional status in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 patients with primary knee OA. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed to confirm the diagnosis of knee OA. Vitamin D levels were measured, and radiographic severity was assessed using the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system. Functional status was evaluated using Lequesne’s indices. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare variables between patients with deficient Vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL) and those with normal levels (≥30 ng/mL).

Results:
The study population had a mean age of 59.39 ± 8.09 years, with a majority of females (80.3%). The mean Vitamin D level was 19.22 ± 6.086 ng/mL, and 91.5% of patients were classified as Vitamin D deficient. Radiographic evaluation revealed joint space narrowing in all patients, with 87.3% having moderate-to-severe narrowing. Osteophytes were observed in 53.5% of patients. While there were no significant differences in demographic and radiographic variables based on Vitamin D levels, a significant association was found between functional grading and normal Vitamin D levels.

Conclusion:
This study highlights a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in patients with knee OA. Although there was no significant association between Vitamin D deficiency and radiographic severity, Vitamin D levels were found to influence the functional status of the knee. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is necessary to establish a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between Vitamin D levels and knee OA severity.