bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox-mediated decoupled seawater direct splitting for H2 production
Authors: Liu Tao , Lan Cheng , Tang Min , Li Mengxin , Xu Yitao , Yang Hangrui , Deng Qingyue , Jiang Wenchuan , Zhao Zhiyu , Wu Yifan , Xie Heping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeawater direct electrolysis (SDE) using renewable energy provides a sustainable pathway to harness abundant oceanic hydrogen resources. However, the side-reaction of the chlorine electro-oxidation reaction (ClOR) severely decreased direct electrolysis efficiency of seawater and gradually corrodes the anode. In this study, a redox-mediated strategy is introduced to suppress the ClOR, and a decoupled seawater direct electrolysis (DSDE) system incorporating a separate O2 evolution reactor is established. Ferricyanide/ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN)6]3−/4−) serves as an electron-mediator between the cell and the reactor, thereby enabling a more dynamically favorable half-reaction to supplant the traditional oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This alteration involves a straightforward, single-electron-transfer anodic reaction without gas precipitation and effectively eliminates the generation of chlorine-containing byproducts. By operating at low voltages (~1.37 V at 10 mA cm−2 and ~1.57 V at 100 mA cm−2) and maintaining stability even in a Cl−-saturated seawater electrolyte, this system has the potential of undergoing decoupled seawater electrolysis with zero chlorine emissions. Further improvements in the high-performance redox-mediators and catalysts can provide enhanced cost-effectiveness and sustainability of the DSDE system.
Detection of body shape changes in obesity monitoring using image processing techniques
Authors: Ergün Uçman , Aktepe Elif , Koca Yavuz Bahadır 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBody measurements are primarily made with a tape measure. In measurements taken with a tape measure, the inability to take measurements from the same part of the body each time, incorrect positioning of the tape measure, the occurrence of incorrect measurements, and the need for a person to take the measurements are significant problems in the traditional measurement method. Due to the social distancing rule that must be followed during the Covid-19 pandemic, the close contact between the person to be measured and the person taking the measurement became the starting point of this study. This study focuses on the detecting body shape changes using image processing techniques with 2D imaging. The novelty of the work is that non-contact body measurements are taken more accurately and reliably using the cosine theorem. Regular monitoring of obese patients is important in combating obesity, which is also the source of many health problems. In the monitoring of obese patients, it is necessary to determine the rate of slimming in areas where fat accumulation is intense. The error margin between the real measurements of human models and the calculated measurements was calculated as an average of ± 5.16% for waistline and an average of ± 4.58% for hip size. The cosine theorem was used instead of the ellipse formula used in the literature, and it was observed that the cosine theorem obtained results closer to reality. It is also thought that the developed system will be beneficial not only for extracting body measurements but also for extracting body measurements contactless in the textile sector. The study demonstrates the feasibility of image processing for non-contact body anthropometry and shape tracking.
Systematic analysis of tRNA transcription unit deletions in E. coli reveals insights into tRNA gene essentiality and cellular adaptation
Authors: Tiefenbacher Sanja , Pezo Valérie , Marlière Philippe , Roberts Tania M. , Panke Sven 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTransfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) are essential for protein synthesis, decoding mRNA sequences into amino acids. In E. coli K-12 MG1655, 86 tRNA genes are organized in 43 transcription units (TUs) and the essentiality of individual tRNA TUs in bacterial physiology remains unclear. To address this, we systematically generated 43 E. coli tRNA deletion strains in which each tRNA TU was replaced by a kanamycin resistance gene. We found that 33 TUs are not essential for survival, while 10 are essential and require the corresponding TU to be provided on plasmid. The analysis revealed E. coli’s tolerance to alterations in tRNA gene copy number and the loss of non-essential tRNAs, as most strains exhibited minimal to no growth differences under various conditions compared to the parental strain. However, deletions metZWV, alaWX and valVW led to significant growth defects under specific conditions. RNA-seq analysis of ∆alaWX and ∆valVW revealed upregulation of genes involved in translation and pilus assembly. Our results provide valuable insights into tRNA dynamics and the cellular response to tRNA TU deletions, paving the way for deeper understanding of tRNA pool complexity.
Separate mechanisms regulating accumbal taurine levels during baseline conditions and following ethanol exposure in the rat
Authors: Ademar Karin , Ulenius Lisa , Loftén Anna , Söderpalm Bo , Adermark Louise , Ericson Mia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEthanol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (nAc) is associated with reward and reinforcement, and for ethanol to elevate nAc dopamine levels, a simultaneous increase in endogenous taurine is required within the same brain region. By employing in vivo microdialysis in male Wistar rats combined with pharmacological, chemogenetic and metabolic approaches, our aim with this study was to identify mechanisms underlying ethanol-induced taurine release. Our results demonstrate that the taurine elevation, elicited by either systemic or local ethanol administration, occurs both in presence and absence of action potential firing or NMDA receptor blockade. Inhibition of volume regulated anion channels did not alter the ethanol-induced taurine levels, while inhibition of the taurine transporter occluded the ethanol-induced taurine increase, putatively due to a ceiling effect. Selective manipulation of nAc astrocytes using Gq-coupled designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) did not affect ethanol-induced taurine release. However, activation of Gi-coupled DREADDs, or metabolic inhibition using fluorocitrate, rather enhanced than depressed taurine elevation. Finally, ethanol-induced taurine increase was fully blocked in rats pre-treated with the L-type Ca2+-channel blocker nicardipine, suggesting that the release is Ca2+ dependent. In conclusion, while astrocytes appear to be important regulators of basal taurine levels in the nAc, they do not appear to be the main cells underlying ethanol-induced taurine release.
Comparison of a new type of Dark Matter with the Milky Way and M31 grand rotation curves
Authors: Law Bruce M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the electron Born self-energy (eBse) model, free electrons are of finite-size and possess both a rest mass, me, as well as, a Born mass, meB = 74,000 me. The Born mass, which originates from the energy contained within the electric field that surrounds a finite-sized electron, serves as a Dark Matter (DM) particle in this theory (designated eBDM, electron Born Dark Matter). The equation of state for meB is w = -1, which implies that two Born masses experience a repulsive gravitational interaction. This repulsive gravitational interaction stabilizes the formation of a DM halo of meB particles, of typical halo size ~ 100 kpc, around a central mass M (e.g. a galaxy), where this gravitational stability arises from the competing attractive M - meB and repulsive meB - meB interactions. A solution of the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation, for this system, allows one to derive an expression for the rotational velocity VeBDM(R), as a function of radius R from the galactic center. A composite model composed of rotational velocity contributions from the galactic bulge, galactic disk, as well as, VeBDM(R) is found to provide a good description of the Grand Rotation Curves for the Milky Way and M31 galaxies.
Everyday helping is associated with enhanced mood but greater stress when it is more effortful
Authors: Pronizius Ekaterina , Forbes Paul A. G. , Feneberg Anja C. , Miculescu Bianca , Nater Urs M. , Piperno Giulio , Silani Giorgia , Stijovic Ana , Lamm Claus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOur affective states can influence whether we help others and after helping we often experience improved affect. One important factor determining whether we help, is the amount of effort involved. Using an ecological momentary assessment approach across two measurement bursts (N = 803; N = 303), we investigated the affective antecedents and consequences of everyday helping in terms of participants’ self-reported momentary stress and mood valence, with a specific focus on the perceived amount of effort involved. Regardless of the amount of effort involved in helping, participants reported more positive mood valence after helping across both measurement bursts. In burst 2, this mood boosting effect of helping was strongest in those reporting lower mood prior to helping. In burst 1, we found a bidirectional relationship between stress and helping effort: the greater the effort involved in helping, the greater the perceived stress both before and after helping. Contrary to our preregistered hypotheses, changes in stress or mood valence did not precede helping regardless of the amount of effort involved. Our results support previous work linking helping to enhanced mood but suggest that when helping is more effortful it is both preceded and followed by greater stress. These findings have important implications for fostering and sustaining prosocial behaviours, especially when effort is involved.
New insight into a simple high-yielding method for the production of fully folded and functional recombinant human CCL5
Authors: Tufail Afzaal , Akkad Saeed , Noble Amanda R. , Fascione Martin A. , Signoret Nathalie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChemokines are proteins important for a range of biological processes from cell-directed migration (chemotaxis) to cell activation and differentiation. Chemokine C-C ligand 5 (CCL5) is an important pro-inflammatory chemokine attracting immune cells towards inflammatory sites through interaction with its receptors CCR1/3/5. Recombinant production of large quantities of CCL5 in Escherichia coli is challenging due to formation of inclusion bodies which necessitates refolding, often leading to low recovery of biologically active protein. To combat this, we have developed a method for CCL5 production that utilises the purification of SUMO tagged CCL5 from E. coli SHuffle cells avoiding the need to reform disulfide bonds through inclusion body purification and yields high quantities of CCL5 (~ 25 mg/L). We demonstrated that the CCL5 produced was fully functional by assessing well-established cellular changes triggered by CCL5 binding to CCR5, including receptor phosphorylation and internalisation, intracellular signalling leading to calcium flux, as well as cell migration. Overall, we demonstrate that the use of solubility tags, SHuffle cells and low pH dialysis constitutes an approach that increases purification yields of active CCL5 with low endotoxin contamination for biological studies.
Characteristics of surface modified sugarcane bagasse cellulose: application of esterification and oxidation reactions
Authors: Rao Sithara , Madhushree M. , Bhat K Subrahmanya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch on polymer matrix composites has become increasingly important in both the academic and industrial sectors. The study of polymer-natural fiber composites, known for their eco-friendly properties, has gained significance. Sugarcane bagasse fibers, abundant as discarded agricultural byproducts, offer improved properties such as density, rigidity, strength, and cost-effectiveness, enhancing sustainability. As a result, experiments were performed on cellulose fibers pre-treated from sugarcane bagasse using 5% NaOH solution by simply soaking them for 4–5 h followed by washing with water. Further modifications involved esterification using phthalic anhydride and phthaloyl chloride via steam baths at 90 °C and oxidation using sodium percarbonate with a phase transfer catalyst (Adogen) at 80 °C. These chemically altered cellulose fibers exhibited significant peak changes in the FTIR spectra, a reduced crystallinity index in the XRD pattern, increased thermal stability as evidenced by TGA curve, and improved surface roughness in the SEM analysis. This paper emphasizes successful pretreatment procedures for isolating cellulose fibers from sugarcane bagasse and introduces three chemical treatments for surface functionalization which might find applications in the preparation of biocomposites.
Multi-output gaussian processes for the reconstruction of homogenized cross-sections
Authors: Truffinet Olivier , Ammar Karim , Argaud Jean-Philippe , Gérard Castaing Nicolas , Bouriquet Bertrand 
Published: October 2024

Deterministic nuclear reactor simulators employing the prevalent two-step scheme often generate a substantial amount of intermediate data at the interface of their two subcodes, which can impede the overall performance of the software. The bulk of this data comprises “few-groups homogenized cross-sections” or HXS, which are stored as tabulated multivariate functions and interpolated inside the core simulator. A number of mathematical tools have been studied for this interpolation purpose over the years, but few meet all the challenging requirements of neutronics computation chains: extreme accuracy, low memory footprint, fast predictions…
We here present a new framework to tackle this task, based on multi-outputs gaussian processes (MOGP). This machine learning model enables us to interpolate HXS’s with improved accuracy compared to the current multilinear standard, using only a fraction of its training data – meaning that the amount of required precomputation is reduced by a factor of several dozens. It also necessitates an even smaller fraction of its storage requirements, preserves its reconstruction speed, and unlocks new functionalities such as adaptive sampling and facilitated uncertainty quantification. We demonstrate the efficiency of this approach on a rich test case reproducing the VERA benchmark, proving in particular its scalability to datasets of millions of HXS.
A LiDAR based obstacle detection framework for railway
Authors: Dias Susana , Sousa Pedro , Afonso Francisco , Viriato Nuno , Tavares Paulo , Moreira Pedro 
Published: October 2024

Obstacle detection on the railway, a crucial operational safety concern, is a complex task that encompasses a multitude of challenges. While Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are commonly employed in analogous applications such as autonomous car driving [1] [2], the railway field faces a significant barrier due to the scarcity of available data (particularly images), rendering conventional ML approaches impractical.
In response to this challenge, this study proposes and evaluates a framework which uses LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data for obstacle detection on the railways. The framework aims to address the limitations posed by image data scarcity while enhancing operational safety in railway environments.
The developed methodology combines the use of a long-range LiDAR capable of detecting obstacles at distances of up to 500 meters, with the train’s GPS (Global Positioning System) coordinates to accurately determine its position relative to detected obstacles. The LiDAR data is processed using a data fusion approach, where pre-existing knowledge regarding the track topography is combined with a clustering algorithm, specifically DBSCAN (Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise), to identify and classify potential obstacles at a pre-defined distance.
Tests of the proposed framework were conducted within the confines of a moving locomotive, specifically the CP 2600-2620 series, along a designated section of the Contumil-Leixões line. These tests served to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the approach under real-world operating conditions.
Overall, the utilization of LiDAR data coupled with advanced algorithms presents a promising avenue for enhancing obstacle detection capabilities in railway operations. By overcoming the challenges associated with data scarcity, this framework holds the potential to significantly improve operational safety and efficiency within railway networks. Further research and testing are warranted to validate the framework’s performance across diverse railway environments and operating conditions.
DFT study of halogen based double perovskite Na2AgAlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) double perovskites for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Al Masary Waheed A , Ramay Shahid Mahmood 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Double perovskites halides show a lot of potential for being utilized in energy converting applications. This research offers a comprehensive investigation of photovoltaic features of halogen based double perovskite Na2AgAlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) through DFT approach including structural, thermoelectric and optoelectronic features. The structural stability of the investigated materials is verified by Born’s stability criterion. The ductility of Na2AgAlX6 is confirmed by the Poisson coefficient (υ > 0.26) and a Pugh ratio (B/G > 1.75). The bandgap 3.7 eV, 2.7 eV, and 1.3 eV of Na2AgAlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) has been observed with direct nature. The replacement of Br and I with Cl leads to the lowering of bandgap value due to the closer of band edges. The absorption factor, reflective properties, and dielectric parameters are used to evaluate the optical features. The BoltzTraP software played vital role in calculating the thermoelectric characteristics, such as ZT value, power factor, and their electrical and thermal conductivities. The results of these calculated properties indicate that Na2AgAlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) double perovskite halides show a promising potential for energy renewable applications.
The giant dipole resonance (GDR) in odd-mass 181–195Pt nuclei
Authors: Hoşgör G , Tabar E , Kemah E , Yakut H , Akkaya K , Gökmen Z 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This manuscript theoretically examines the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) in odd-mass 181–195Pt nuclei with the Translational and Galileo Invariant Qusiparticle Phonon Nuclear Model (TGI-QPNM) for the first time. TGI-QPNM includes axially symmetric Woods-Saxon potential, isovector dipole–dipole interaction and restoration forces for spontaneously broken Galilean and Translation symmetries of the nuclear Hamiltonian. Therefore, TGI-QPNM makes eliminating the spurious contributions in the E1 spectrum possible. The obtained results show that the odd-mass 181–195Pt isotopes have a two-peak structure. In 181–187Pt isotopes, while the second peak is higher than the first, in 189–195Pt isotopes, it’s the opposite. The photo-absorption result for the 195Pt is in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data.
Nonlinear analysis of compound pendulum model
Authors: Zhang Shuming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the relationships among various nonlinear physical equations, with a particular focus on the standard form of the ϕ
4 equation. Based on the theoretical framework of the Jacobi elliptic function, an exact solution for the ϕ
4 equation is derived. A key innovation of this work is the discovery of the consistency between the ϕ
4 equation and the motion equation of the compound pendulum. By utilizing this correspondence, an exact solution for the compound pendulum equation is obtained, grounded in the Jacobi elliptic function theory. Compared to numerical methods, this solution provides higher accuracy and has the potential to be applied to more complex nonlinear physical systems. This model can also be applied in areas such as vibration damping in building materials, mechanical system analysis, and spacecraft control.
Investigation of square-root higher-order topological insulator based on honeycomb-Kagome lattice of graphene plasmonic crystals
Authors: Li Bangyu , Qiu Shiqi , Xu Lei , Guo Shengqun , Huang Ruimin , Qiu Weibin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we construct a composite lattice that integrates a breathing Kagome lattice with a honeycomb lattice, and a Honeycomb-Kagome model based on graphene plasmonic is studied. Through simulation, it is proved that the band distribution of the square-root higher-order topological insulator model based on graphene plasmonic crystal coincides with that of the Hamiltonian. Our findings reveal that the square-root higher-order topological insulator combination model based on graphene plasmonic has multiple corner states. Furthermore, we examine the robustness of these corner states against defects. The research results offer potential application prospects for nano-scale plasmonic topological laser devices, and topological waveguides.
Color-tunable luminescence and energy transfer of Ba2YZrO6:R (R = Dy3+, Sm3+, Dy3+/Sm3+)
Authors: Cao Renping , Huang Yanqin , Nie Jingheng , Wu Minhong , Chen Ting , Zhang Lei , Cheng Fangrui , Chen Yuyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Rare earth ions (Dy3+ and Sm3+) doped luminescence materials have attracted more interest owing to their excellent luminous properties. Here, Ba2YZrO6:R (R = Dy3+, Sm3+, Dy3+/Sm3+) are prepared in air by using high-temperature solid-state method. The crystal phase and purity are investigated by x-ray diffraction. The luminous properties are studied by using optical spectrometer. Green emission of Ba2YZrO6:Dy3+ with excitation at 260 nm is observed. Ba2YZrO6:Sm3+ with excitation 271 and 407 nm shows yellow and red-orange emission, respectively. Under excitation 271 nm, Ba2YZrO6:Dy3+, Sm3+ show emission from green to yellow with increasing Sm3+ concentration from 2 to 10 mol%. Ba2YZrO6:Dy3+, Sm3+ with excitation 407 nm glow yellow light. We investigate the concentration dependent spectra and confirm the optimal Dy3+ and Sm3+ concentrations. We estimate the concentration quenching mechanism in Ba2YZrO6:R (R = Dy3+, Sm3+) and Ba2YZrO6:Dy3+, Sm3+. The luminous mechanism and energy transfer process are analyzed by using the energy level transitions of Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions.