bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are ready-to-eat salads ready to eat? An outbreak of Salmonella Coeln linked to imported, mixed, pre-washed and bagged salad, Norway, November 2013
Authors: VESTRHEIM D. F. , LANGE H. , NYGÅRD K. , BORGEN K. , WESTER A. L. , KVARME M. L. , VOLD L. 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYWe investigated a nationwide outbreak of Salmonella Coeln in Norway, including 26 cases identified between 20 October 2013 and 4 January 2014. We performed a matched case-control study, environmental investigation and detailed traceback of food purchases to identify the source of the outbreak. In the case-control study, cases were found to be more likely than controls to have consumed a ready-to-eat salad mix (matched odds ratio 20, 95% confidence interval 2·7–∞). By traceback of purchases one brand of ready-to-eat salad was indicated, but all environmental samples were negative for Salmonella. This outbreak underlines that pre-washed and bagged salads carry a risk of infection despite thorough cleaning procedures by the importer. To further reduce the risk of infection by consumption of ready-to-eat salads product quality should be ensured by importers. Outbreaks linked to salads reinforce the importance of implementation of appropriate food safety management systems, including good practices in lettuce production.
Interleaving data and effects
Authors: ATKEY ROBERT , JOHANN PATRICIA 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe study of programming with and reasoning about inductive datatypes such as lists and trees has benefited from the simple categorical principle of initial algebras. In initial algebra semantics, each inductive datatype is represented by an initial f-algebra for an appropriate functor f. The initial algebra principle then supports the straightforward derivation of definitional principles and proof principles for these datatypes. This technique has been expanded to a whole methodology of structured functional programming, often called origami programming.In this article we show how to extend initial algebra semantics from pure inductive datatypes to inductive datatypes interleaved with computational effects. Inductive datatypes interleaved with effects arise naturally in many computational settings. For example, incrementally reading characters from a file generates a list of characters interleaved with input/output actions, and lazily constructed infinite values can be represented by pure data interleaved with the possibility of non-terminating computation. Straightforward application of initial algebra techniques to effectful datatypes leads either to unsound conclusions if we ignore the possibility of effects, or to unnecessarily complicated reasoning because the pure and effectful concerns must be considered simultaneously. We show how pure and effectful concerns can be separated using the abstraction of initial f-and-m-algebras, where the functor f describes the pure part of a datatype and the monad m describes the interleaved effects. Because initial f-and-m-algebras are the analogue for the effectful setting of initial f-algebras, they support the extension of the standard definitional and proof principles to the effectful setting.Initial f-and-m-algebras are originally due to Filinski and Støvring, who studied them in the category Cpo. They were subsequently generalised to arbitrary categories by Atkey, Ghani, Jacobs, and Johann in a FoSSaCS 2012 paper. In this article we aim to introduce the general concept of initial f-and-m-algebras to a general functional programming audience.
The importance of forests along submontane stream valleys for bird conservation: The Carpathian example
Authors: KAJTOCH ŁUKASZ , WILK TOMASZ , BOBREK RAFAŁ , MATYSEK MARCIN 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe biodiversity and naturalness of forests that cover stream valleys in submontane areas have not been investigated as intensively as riparian forests along large lowland rivers. In this study we compared data on total bird assemblages and on selected indicator species detected in forests along submontane stream valleys (‘Vall’) with those detected in forests covering submontane slopes and tops in the foothills (‘Hill’) of the Western Carpathians, considering also environmental characteristics of the studied locations. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that forests along submontane stream valleys harbour significantly richer and more diverse bird communities and that they are an important habitat for rare and threatened species. We found that the species richness, abundance of birds and bird diversity were almost twice as high in ‘Vall’ than in ‘Hill’ locations and that indicator species mostly or exclusively inhabit ‘Vall’ locations. Moreover, species diversity was highly and positively correlated with higher tree species diversity and a higher amount of large trees and dead wood, but negatively correlated with logging intensity. The results of our study confirmed that forested river valleys in submontane areas play an important role as refugia both for rare and endangered bird species as well as for the whole bird assemblage. This study is the first to present an assessment of this type of habitat for birds in the Western Carpathians. Forests along submontane stream valleys, if protected or unmanaged, could be treated as reference areas for nature and biodiversity conservation.
Food avoidance in an Australian adult population sample: the case of dairy products
Authors: Yantcheva Bella , Golley Sinéad , Topping David , Mohr Philip 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of and explanations for the avoidance of dairy foods, including symptoms attributed to their consumption, diagnoses and psychological predictors of avoidance. Also considered were comparisons with symptom-related avoidance of wheat in the same sample.DesignCross-sectional population survey.SettingThe study was conducted in Australia using a national postal omnibus survey.SubjectsAdults aged 18 years and over (n 1184; 52·9 % female) selected at random from the Australian Electoral Roll.ResultsDespite few claims of formally diagnosed allergy or intolerance, 11·8 % of the sample reported avoiding dairy products because of adverse physiological effects, which commonly included gastrointestinal symptoms. Unlike wheat (3·5 %) or wheat-and-dairy (3·6 %) avoidance, dairy avoidance (8·2 %) was predicted by age (negatively) and worry about illness (positively).ConclusionsThe findings are further evidence of a widespread tendency for consumers to exercise control over their health by eliminating dietary factors considered suspect without medical evidence or oversight. Unanswered questions include the decision processes underlying dairy avoidance, whether symptoms are attributed correctly, the agents and physiological mechanism(s) involved, the relative contributions of symptom severity and vigilance to the association with illness worry, and the nutritional adequacy of dairy avoiders’ diets. Irrespective of the accuracy of self-diagnoses, if the elimination of suspect foods is an end in itself the paradoxical possibility for nutritional imbalances may have significant public health implications.
The Hierarchical Model of Exercise Dependence
Authors: Kotbagi Gayatri , Kern Laurence , Romo Lucia , Pathare Ramesh 
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Physical exercise when done excessively may have negative consequences on physical and psychological wellbeing. There exist many scales to measure this phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to create a scale measuring the problematic practice of physical exercise (PPPE Scale) by combining two assessment tools already existing in the field of exercise dependency but anchored in different approaches (EDS-R and EDQ). This research consists of three studies carried out on three independent sample populations. The first study (N = 341) tested the construct validity (exploratory factor analysis); the second study (N = 195) tested the structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis) and the third study (N = 104) tested the convergent validity (correlations) of the preliminary version of the PPPE scale. Exploratory factor analysis identified six distinct dimensions associated with exercise dependency. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis validated a second order model consisting of 25 items with six dimensions and four sub-dimensions. The convergent validity of this scale with other constructs (GLTEQ, EAT26, and The Big Five Inventory [BFI]) is satisfactory. The preliminary version of the PPPE must be administered to a large population to refine its psychometric properties and develop scoring norms.
Grit
Authors: Abuhassàn Abedrahman , Bates Timothy C. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Maximizing the translation of ability into accomplishment is of considerable interest. A two-factor construct of “grit” as perseverance and consistency of interest has been argued to predict accomplishment over and above personality and IQ ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). Here we test this in linked analyses addressing the structure of Grit and its fit within broader personality and intelligence constructs. An initial Structural Equation Model (SEM) in 494 subjects (age 18–69 years) confirmed a two-factor structure of the Grit scales. Tests adding facet-level assessments of conscientiousness (C) and neuroticism (N) indicated that while grit consistency fit well under C, grit perseverance and related measures of control defined an “effortful persistence” construct which could not be reduced to effects of C and/or N. While conscientiousness and IQ adequately accounted for school grades, higher perseverance was associated with higher life-course accomplishment. The work supports three factors of central relevance to achievement: IQ, conscientiousness, and effortful persistence, each with distinct mechanisms.
Polyphenols act synergistically with doxorubicin and etoposide in leukaemia cell lines
Authors: Mahbub AA , Le Maitre CL , Haywood-Small SL , Cross NA , Jordan-Mahy N 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the effects of polyphenols when used in combination with doxorubicin and etoposide, and to determine whether polyphenols sensitised leukaemia cells, causing inhibition of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. This study is based on findings in solid cancer tumours, which have shown that polyphenols can sensitize cells to chemotherapy, and induce apoptosis and/or cell-cycle arrest. This could enable a reduction of chemotherapy dose and off-target effects, whilst maintaining treatment efficacy. Quercetin, apigenin, emodin, rhein and cis-stilbene were investigated alone and in combination with etoposide and doxorubicin in two lymphoid and two myeloid leukaemia cells lines. Measurements were made of ATP levels (using CellTiter-Glo assay) as an indication of total cell number, cell cycle progression (using propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry) and apoptosis (NucView caspase 3 assay and Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining). Effects of combination treatments on caspases 3, 8 and 9 activity were determined using Glo luminescent assays, glutathione levels were measured using the GSH-Glo Glutathione Assay and DNA damage determined by anti-γH2AX staining. Doxorubicin and etoposide in combination with polyphenols synergistically reduced ATP levels, induced apoptosis and increased S and/or G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in lymphoid leukaemia cell lines. However, in the myeloid cell lines the effects of the combination treatments varied; doxorubicin had a synergistic or additive effect when combined with quercetin, apigenin, emodin, and cis-stilbene, but had an antagonistic effect when combined with rhein. Combination treatment caused a synergistic downregulation of glutathione levels and increased DNA damage, driving apoptosis via caspase 8 and 9 activation. However, in myeloid cells where antagonistic effects were observed, this was associated with increased glutathione levels and a reduction in DNA damage and apoptosis. This study has demonstrated that doxorubicin and etoposide activity were enhanced by polyphenols in lymphoid leukaemia cells, however, differential responses were seen in myeloid cells with antagonistic responses seen in some combination therapies.
Calcium oxalate toxicity in renal epithelial cells: the mediation of crystal size on cell death mode
Authors: Sun X-Y , Gan Q-Z , Ouyang J-M 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe cytotoxicity of calcium oxalate (CaOx) in renal epithelial cells has been studied extensively, but the cell death mode induced by CaOx with different physical properties, such as crystal size and crystal phase, has not been studied in detail. In this study, we comparatively investigated the differences of cell death mode induced by nano-sized (50 nm) and micron-sized (10 μm) calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) to explore the cell death mechanism. The effect of the exposure of nano-/micron-sized COM and COD crystals toward the African green monkey renal epithelial (Vero) cells were investigated by detecting cell cytoskeleton changes, lysosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), apoptosis and/or necrosis, osteopontin (OPN) expression, and malondialdehyde (MDA) release. Nano-/micron-sized COM and COD crystals could cause apoptosis and necrosis simultaneously. Nano-sized crystals primarily caused apoptotic cell death, leading to cell shrinkage, phosphatidylserine ectropion, and nuclear shrinkage, whereas micron-sized crystals primarily caused necrotic cell death, leading to cell swelling and cell membrane and lysosome rupture. Nano-sized COM and COD crystals induced much greater cell death (sum of apoptosis and necrosis) than micron-sized crystals, and COM crystals showed higher cytotoxicity than the same-sized COD crystals. Both apoptosis and necrosis could lead to mitochondria depolarization and elevate the expression of OPN and the generation of lipid peroxidation product MDA. The amount of expressed OPN and generated MDA was positively related to cell injury degree. The physicochemical properties of crystals could affect the cell death mode. The results of this study may provide a basis for future studies on cell death mechanisms.
c-MYC responds to glucose deprivation in a cell-type-dependent manner
Authors: Wu S , Yin X , Fang X , Zheng J , Li L , Liu X , Chu L 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming supports cancer cells’ demands for rapid proliferation and growth. Previous work shows that oncogenes, such as MYC, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), have a central role in driving metabolic reprogramming. A lot of metabolic enzymes, which are deregulated in most cancer cells, are the targets of these oncogenes. However, whether metabolic change affects these oncogenes is still unclear. Here we show that glucose deprivation (GD) affects c-MYC protein levels in a cell-type-dependent manner regardless of P53 mutation status. GD dephosphorylates and then decreases c-MYC protein stability through PI3K signaling pathway in HeLa cells, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Role of c-MYC in sensitivity of GD also varies with cell types. c-MYC-mediated glutamine metabolism partially improves the sensitivity of GD in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results reveal that the heterogeneity of cancer cells in response to metabolic stress should be considered in metabolic therapy for cancer.
Photoreactive helical nanoaggregates exhibiting morphology transition on thermal reconstruction
Authors: Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Ohba Tomonori , Karatsu Takashi , Yagai Shiki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe supramolecular design of photochromic molecules has produced various smart molecular assemblies that can switch their structures and/or functions in response to light stimuli. However, most of these assemblies require large structural changes of the photochromic molecules for an efficient conversion of assembled states, which often suppresses the photoreactivity within the self-assemblies. Here we report molecular assemblies, based on a photo-cross-linkable chromophoric dyad, in which a small amount of ultraviolet-generated photochemical product can guide the entire system into different assembly processes. In apolar solution, the intact dyad self-assembles into right-handed superhelical fibrils. On ultraviolet-irradiation of these fibrils, an effective photoreaction affords a sole photo-cross-linked product. When right-handed helical fibrils, containing a minor amount of the photoproduct, are thermally reconstructed, the intact molecule and the photoproduct undergo a co-assembly process that furnishes superhelical fibrils with different molecular packing structures. This molecular design principle should afford new paradigms for smart molecular assemblies.
Superfluidity in topologically nontrivial flat bands
Authors: Peotta Sebastiano , Törmä Päivi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTopological invariants built from the periodic Bloch functions characterize new phases of matter, such as topological insulators and topological superconductors. The most important topological invariant is the Chern number that explains the quantized conductance of the quantum Hall effect. Here we provide a general result for the superfluid weightDsof a multiband superconductor that is applicable to topologically nontrivial bands with nonzero Chern numberC. We find that the integral over the Brillouin-zone of the quantum metric, an invariant calculated from the Bloch functions, gives the superfluid weight in a flat band, with the boundDs⩾|C|. Thus, even a flat band can carry finite superfluid current, provided the Chern number is nonzero. As an example, we provideDsfor the time-reversal invariant attractive Harper–Hubbard model that can be experimentally tested in ultracold gases. In general, our results establish that a topologically nontrivial flat band is a promising concept for increasing the critical temperature of the superconducting transition.
Soluble LR11/SorLA represses thermogenesis in adipose tissue and correlates with BMI in humans
Authors: Whittle Andrew J. , Jiang Meizi , Peirce Vivian , Relat Joana , Virtue Sam , Ebinuma Hiroyuki , Fukamachi Isamu , Yamaguchi Takashi , Takahashi Mao , Murano Takeyoshi , Tatsuno Ichiro , Takeuchi Masahiro , Nakaseko Chiaki , Jin Wenlong , Jin Zhehu , Campbell Mark , Schneider Wolfgang J. , Vidal-Puig Antonio , Bujo Hideaki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important component of energy expenditure in mammals. Recent studies have confirmed its presence and metabolic role in humans. Defining the physiological regulation of BAT is therefore of great importance for developing strategies to treat metabolic diseases. Here we show that the soluble form of the low-density lipoprotein receptor relative, LR11/SorLA (sLR11), suppresses thermogenesis in adipose tissue in a cell-autonomous manner. Mice lacking LR11 are protected from diet-induced obesity associated with an increased browning of white adipose tissue and hypermetabolism. Treatment of adipocytes with sLR11 inhibits thermogenesis via the bone morphogenetic protein/TGFβ signalling pathway and reduces Smad phosphorylation. In addition, sLR11 levels in humans are shown to positively correlate with body mass index and adiposity. Given the need for tight regulation of a tissue with a high capacity for energy wastage, we propose that LR11 plays an energy conserving role that is exaggerated in states of obesity.
Highly tunable hybrid metamaterials employing split-ring resonators strongly coupled to graphene surface plasmons
Authors: Liu Peter Q. , Luxmoore Isaac J. , Mikhailov Sergey A. , Savostianova Nadja A. , Valmorra Federico , Faist Jérôme , Nash Geoffrey R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMetamaterials and plasmonics are powerful tools for unconventional manipulation and harnessing of light. Metamaterials can be engineered to possess intriguing properties lacking in natural materials, such as negative refractive index. Plasmonics offers capabilities of confining light in subwavelength dimensions and enhancing light–matter interactions. Recently, the technological potential of graphene-based plasmonics has been recognized as the latter features large tunability, higher field-confinement and lower loss compared with metal-based plasmonics. Here, we introduce hybrid structures comprising graphene plasmonic resonators coupled to conventional split-ring resonators, thus demonstrating a type of highly tunable metamaterial, where the interaction between the two resonances reaches the strong-coupling regime. Such hybrid metamaterials are employed as high-speed THz modulators, exhibiting ∼60% transmission modulation and operating speed in excess of 40 MHz. This device concept also provides a platform for exploring cavity-enhanced light–matter interactions and optical processes in graphene plasmonic structures for applications including sensing, photo-detection and nonlinear frequency generation.
Genetic control of morphometric diversity in the maize shoot apical meristem
Authors: Leiboff Samuel , Li Xianran , Hu Heng-Cheng , Todt Natalie , Yang Jinliang , Li Xiao , Yu Xiaoqing , Muehlbauer Gary J. , Timmermans Marja C. P. , Yu Jianming , Schnable Patrick S. , Scanlon Michael J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe maize shoot apical meristem (SAM) comprises a small pool of stem cells that generate all above-ground organs. Although mutational studies have identified genetic networks regulating SAM function, little is known about SAM morphological variation in natural populations. Here we report the use of high-throughput image processing to capture rich SAM size variation within a diverse maize inbred panel. We demonstrate correlations between seedling SAM size and agronomically important adult traits such as flowering time, stem size and leaf node number. Combining SAM phenotypes with 1.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via genome-wide association study reveals unexpected SAM morphology candidate genes. Analyses of candidate genes implicated in hormone transport, cell division and cell size confirm correlations between SAM morphology and trait-associated SNP alleles. Our data illustrate that the microscopic seedling SAM is predictive of adult phenotypes and that SAM morphometric variation is associated with genes not previously predicted to regulate SAM size.
Deterioration of the coercivity due to the diffusion induced interface layer in hard/soft multilayers
Authors: Si Wenjing , Zhao G. P. , Ran N. , Peng Y. , Morvan F. J. , Wan X. L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHard/soft permanent magnets have aroused many interests in the past two decades because of their potential in achieving giant energy products as well as their rich variety of magnetic behaviors. Nevertheless, the experimental energy products are much smaller than the theoretical ones due to the much smaller coercivity measured in the experiments. In this paper, the deterioration of the coercivity due to the interface atomic diffusion is demonstrated based on a three dimensional (3D) micromagnetic software (OOMMF) and a formula derived for the pinning field in a hard/soft multilayer, which can be applied to both permanent magnets and exchange-coupled-composite (ECC) media. It is found that the formation of the interface layer can decrease the coercivity by roughly 50%, which is responsible for the observed smaller coercivity in both composite and single-phased permanent magnets. A method to enhance the coercivity in these systems is proposed based on the discussions, consistent with recent experiments where excellent magnetic properties are achieved.