bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating high‐risk cannabis and opiate use in Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Hay Gordon , Richardson Clive , Yargic Ilhan , Ilhan Mustafa Necmi , Ay Pinar , Karasahin Füsun , Pinarci Mustafa , Tuncoglu Tolga , Piontek Daniela , Schulte Bernd 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsInformation on high‐risk drug use in Turkey, particularly at the regional level, is lacking. The present analysis aims at estimating high‐risk cannabis use (HRCU) and high‐risk opiate use (HROU) in the cities of Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir.Design and MethodsCapture–recapture and multiplier methods were applied based on treatment and police data stratified by age and gender in the years 2009 and 2010. Case definitions refer to ICD‐10 cannabis (F.12) and opiate (F.11) disorder diagnoses from outpatient and inpatient treatment records and illegal possession of these drugs as recorded by the police.ResultsHigh‐risk cannabis use was estimated at 28 500 (8.5 per 1000; 95% confidence interval 7.3–10.3) and 33 400 (11.9 per 1000; 95% confidence interval 10.7–13.5) in Ankara and Izmir, respectively. Using multipliers based on capture–recapture estimates for Izmir, HRCU in Istanbul was estimated up to 166 000 (18.0 per 1000; range: 2.8–18.0). Capture–recapture estimates of HROU resulted in 4800 (1.4 per 1000; 95% confidence interval 0.9–1.9) in Ankara and multipliers based on these gave estimates up to 20 000 (2.2 per 1000; range: 0.9‐2.2) in Istanbul. HROU in Izmir was not estimated due to the low absolute numbers of opiate users.Discussion and ConclusionsWhile HRCU prevalence in both Ankara and Izmir was considerably lower in comparison to an estimate for Berlin, the rate for Istanbul was only slightly lower. Compared with the majority of European cities, HROU in these three Turkish cities may be considered rather low. [Kraus L, Hay G, Richardson C, Yargic I, Ilhan N M, Ay P, Karasahin F, Pinarci M, Tuncoglu T, Piontek D, Schulte B Estimating high‐risk cannabis and opiate use in Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;00:000‐000]
Use of Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) and the risk of Type 2 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA)
Authors: Rasouli B. , Andersson T. , Carlsson P.‐O. , Grill V. , Groop L. , Martinell M. , Midthjell K. , Storm P. , Tuomi T. , Carlsson S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsIt has been suggested that moist snuff (snus), a smokeless tobacco product that is high in nicotine and widespread in Scandinavia, increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes. Previous studies are however few, contradictory and, with regard to autoimmune diabetes, lacking. Our aim was to study the association between snus use and the risk of Type 2 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA).MethodAnalyses were based on incident cases (Type 2 diabetes, n = 724; LADA, n = 200) and population‐based controls (n = 699) from a Swedish case–control study. Additional analyses were performed on cross‐sectional data from the Norwegian HUNT study (n = 21 473) with 829 prevalent cases of Type 2 diabetes. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated adjusted for age, BMI family history of diabetes and smoking. Only men were included.ResultsNo association between snus use and Type 2 diabetes or LADA was seen in the Swedish data. For Type 2 diabetes, the OR for > 10 box‐years was 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47 to 2.11] and for LADA 1.01 (95% CI, 0.45 to 2.29). Similarly, in HUNT, the OR for Type 2 diabetes in ever‐users was estimated at 0.91 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.10) and in heavy users at 0.92 (95% CI, 0.46 to 1.83).ConclusionThe risk of Type 2 diabetes and LADA is unrelated to the use of snus, despite its high nicotine content. This opens the possibility of the increased risk of Type 2 diabetes seen in smokers may not be attributed to nicotine, but to other substances in tobacco smoke.
Analysis of cell‐free fetal DNA for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis in a family with neonatal diabetes
Authors: De Franco E. , Caswell R. , Houghton J. A. L. , Iotova V. , Hattersley A. T. , Ellard S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsAn early genetic diagnosis of neonatal diabetes guides clinical management and results in improved treatment in ~ 40% of patients. In the offspring of individuals with neonatal diabetes, a prenatal diagnosis allows accurate estimation of the risk of developing diabetes and, eventually, the most appropriate treatment for the baby. In this study, we performed non‐invasive prenatal genetic testing for a fetus at risk of inheriting a paternal KCNJ11 p.R201C mutation causing permanent neonatal diabetes.MethodsA droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the presence of the mutation in cell‐free circulating DNA (cfDNA) extracted from maternal plasma at 12 and 16 weeks’ gestation.ResultsThe mutation was not detected in the cfDNA samples, suggesting that the fetus had not inherited the KCNJ11 mutation. The fetal DNA fraction was estimated at 6.2% and 10.7%, which is above the detection limit of the assay. The result was confirmed by Sanger sequencing after the baby's birth, confirming that the baby's risk of developing neonatal diabetes was reduced to that of the general population.ConclusionsWe report the first case of non‐invasive prenatal testing in a family with neonatal diabetes. A prenatal diagnosis in families at high risk of monogenic diabetes informs both prenatal and postnatal management. Although the clinical impact of this novel technology still needs to be assessed, its implementation in clinical practice (including cases at risk of inheriting mutations from the mother) will likely have a positive impact upon the clinical management of families affected by monogenic diabetes.
Left atrial remodeling in patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system: an advanced echocardiography study
Authors: Toprak Cuneyt , Kahveci Gokhan , Kilicgedik Alev , Pala Selcuk , Kirma Cevat , Tabakci Mehmet Mustafa , Inanir Mehmet , Esen Ali Metin 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to determine changes in left atrial (LA) function with two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) and real‐time full‐volume three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) after percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system. Furthermore, we investigated whether baseline and/or changes in LA function after MitraClip repair had any impact on prognosis.MethodsA total of 25 consecutive patients (age: 57±12 years, 76% male) with moderate‐to‐severe or severe mitral regurgitation (MR) were included. Patients underwent 2DSTE and RT3DE before the clip implantation and after the 12‐month follow‐up. Prognostic data were also recorded via the use of telephone calls and follow‐up visits for 12 months after the procedure.ResultsCompared with the baseline, the LA reservoir strain (LA‐Res) (7.66±4.3% vs 11.15±7.5%, P<.001) and LA contraction strain (LA‐Pump) (4.64±4.3% vs 7.63±5.8%, P=.001) improved significantly after MitraClip repair; significant improvements were also seen in three‐dimensional (3D) minimum LA volume index (LAV min) and maximum LA volume index (LAV max). On the other hand, conventional LA indices did not change. In total, eleven major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were observed at the 1‐year follow‐up. In univariate analyses, the preprocedural echocardiographic parameters that were associated with the MACE within 1 year after MitraClip repair were 3D‐LAV min and LA‐Res. Furthermore, these indices significantly correlated with improved functional parameters and MR reduction.ConclusionIn conclusion, a successful MitraClip procedure can reverse the process of LA remodeling within 12 months, and this can be detected by 2DSTE and RT3DE. Also, patients with preprocedural lower LA‐Res and higher 3D‐LAV min had the worst prognoses at the 1‐year follow‐up.
Correlates of health‐related quality of life in children with drug resistant epilepsy
Authors: Conway Lauryn , Smith Mary Lou , Ferro Mark A. , Speechley Kathy N. , Connoly Mary B. , Snead O. Carter , Widjaja Elysa ,   the PEPSQOL Study Team
Published: June 2016

SummaryObjectiveHealth‐related quality of life (HRQL) is compromised in children with epilepsy. The current study aimed to identify correlates of HRQL in children with drug resistant epilepsy.MethodsData came from 115 children enrolled in the Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery on Health‐Related Quality of Life Study (PEPSQOL), a multicenter prospective cohort study. Individual, clinical, and family factors were evaluated. HRQL was measured using the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE), a parent‐rated epilepsy‐specific instrument, with composite scores ranging from 0 to 100. A series of univariable linear regression analyses were conducted to identify significant associations with HRQL, followed by a multivariable regression analysis.ResultsChildren had a mean age of 11.85 ± 3.81 years and 65 (56.5%) were male. The mean composite QOLCE score was 60.18 ± 16.69. Child age, sex, age at seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, caregiver age, caregiver education, and income were not significantly associated with HRQL. Univariable regression analyses revealed that a higher number of anti‐seizure medications (p = 0.020), lower IQ (p = 0.002), greater seizure frequency (p = 0.048), caregiver unemployment (p = 0.010), higher caregiver depressive and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.001 for both), poorer family adaptation, fewer family resources, and a greater number of family demands (p < 0.001 for all) were associated with lower HRQL. Multivariable regression analysis showed that lower child IQ (β = 0.20, p = 0.004), fewer family resources (β = 0.43, p = 0.012), and caregiver unemployment (β = 6.53, p = 0.018) were associated with diminished HRQL in children.SignificanceThe results emphasize the importance of child cognition and family variables in the HRQL of children with drug‐resistant epilepsy. The findings speak to the importance of offering comprehensive care to children and their families to address the nonmedical features that impact on HRQL.
Development and validation of the NDDI‐E‐Y: a screening tool for depressive symptoms in pediatric epilepsy
Authors: Wagner Janelle L. , Kellermann Tanja , Mueller Martina , Smith Gigi , Brooks Byron , Arnett Alex , Modi Avani C. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryObjectivesTo validate the revised 12‐item revised Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory‐Epilepsy for Youth (NDDI‐E‐Y), a self‐report screening tool for depressive symptoms tailored to youth ages 12–17 with epilepsy.MethodsYouth at two sites completed the NDDI‐E‐Y during a routine epilepsy visit. Youth at one site also completed the Children's Depression Inventory‐2 (CDI‐2). Seizure and demographic data were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Internal consistency, area under the curve (AUC), and construct validity were assessed.ResultsNDDI‐E‐Y questionnaires were analyzed for 143 youth. The coefficient for internal consistency for the NDDI‐E‐Y was 0.92. Factor analyses suggested a one‐factor solution with all 12 items loading on the factor. The NDDI‐E‐Y was positively correlated with the CDI‐2 (N = 99). Sensitivity and specificity of the NDDI‐E‐Y were high.SignificanceReliability and construct validity were established for the revised 12‐item NDDI‐E‐Y. The NDDI‐E‐Y is a brief, free measure of depressive symptoms that can be administered during a routine epilepsy visit.
Revised version of quality guidelines for presurgical epilepsy evaluation and surgical epilepsy therapy issued by the Austrian, German, and Swiss working group on presurgical epilepsy diagnosis and operative epilepsy treatment
Authors: Rosenow Felix , Bast Thomas , Czech Thomas , Feucht Martha , Hans Volkmar H. , Helmstaedter Christoph , Huppertz Hans‐Jürgen , Noachtar Soheyl , Oltmanns Frank , Polster Tilman , Seeck Margitta , Trinka Eugen , Wagner Kathrin , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe definition of minimal standards remains pivotal as a basis for a high standard of care and as a basis for staff allocation or reimbursement. Only limited publications are available regarding the required staffing or methodologic expertise in epilepsy centers. The executive board of the working group (WG) on presurgical epilepsy diagnosis and operative epilepsy treatment published the first guidelines in 2000 for Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. In 2014, revised guidelines were published and the WG decided to publish an unaltered English translation in this report. Because epilepsy surgery is an elective procedure, quality standards are particularly high. As detailed in the first edition of these guidelines, quality control relates to seven different domains: (1) establishing centers with a sufficient number of sufficiently and specifically trained personnel, (2) minimum technical standards and equipment, (3) continuous medical education of employees, (4) surveillance by trained personnel during video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (VEM), (5) systematic acquisition of clinical and outcome data, (6) the minimum number of preoperative evaluations and epilepsy surgery procedures, and (7) the cooperation of epilepsy centers. These standards required the certification of the different professions involved and minimum numbers of procedures. In the subsequent decade, quite a number of colleagues were certified by the trinational WG; therefore, the executive board of the WG decided in 2013 to make these standards obligatory. This revised version is particularly relevant given that the German procedure classification explicitly refers to the guidelines of the WG with regard to noninvasive/invasive preoperative video‐EEG monitoring and invasive intraoperative diagnostics in epilepsy.
Energy density zone model and fatigue life prediction considering microscopic effects
Authors: Zhang J R , Fan L , Tang X S 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn energy density zone (EDZ) model is developed for the prediction of fatigue life. The microscopic effects can be involved in the EDZ model. Three scale transitional functions in the model are utilized to describe the trans‐scale behaviours of fatigue failure from micro‐scale to macro‐scale. Fatigue failure behaviours of a low‐alloy and ultra‐high‐strength steel material (i.e. 40CrNi2Si2MoVA steel) is investigated. Two fatigue parameters in the model are determined from the experimental S–N curves for the smooth cylinder specimens (the stress concentration factor, SCF, Kt = 1). Then, fatigue lives of notched specimens with SCFs Kt = 2 and Kt = 3 are predicted respectively by the proposed model. The predicted S–N curves are satisfactory in comparison with the experimental results. Scatter of the fatigue test data can be depicted when the microscopic effects are considered. Influences of microscopic effects on the fatigue behaviours are explored by means of numerical simulations.
Population pharmacokinetic modelling of factor IX activity after administration of recombinant factor IX in patients with haemophilia B
Authors: Suzuki A. , Tomono Y. , Korth‐Bradley J. M. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe aim is to develop a pharmacokinetic model for factor IX activity (FIX) after BeneFIX (nonacog alfa, rFIX) administration and assess potential covariates using all available clinical data collected during development.MethodsThe data set for model development combined observations from eight studies. Postdose FIX observations were adjusted by subtracting predose FIX if these were above the lower limit of quantification (BLQ) and all BLQ observations were removed. A population pharmacokinetic model was then developed with 4936 observations from 201 patients. Two additional studies (385 observations from 72 patients) became available and were used to evaluate the model.ResultsA two‐compartment model, parameterized for clearance (CL), volume of distribution of the central (V1) and peripheral (V2) compartments, and intercompartmental clearance (Q), with an effect of weight on all parameters was the final model. Weight was incorporated as a power function with exponent estimates close to conventional allometric scaling. Including interoccasion variability (IOV) on CL and V1 showed decreases in the objective function. Investigations of a full block omega matrix lead to the retention of a correlation between V2 and Q. Age was not a significant covariate with weight already included in the model. Observations in the studies used for evaluation were found to be higher than simulated values immediately after dosing, as well as a week after dosing. The differences may be due perhaps to differences in the patients enrolled in the evaluation studies (all were adults) as well as the sample collection time after dosing (longer after dosing in the evaluation studies).ConclusionsFIX is appropriately modelled as a two‐compartment model after rFIX administration. When weight is included, no additional effect of age is observed. Longer times of observation after dosing may be helpful in refining the model.
A world‐wide survey and field study in clinical haemostasis laboratories to evaluate FVIII:C activity assay variability of ADYNOVATE and OBIZUR in comparison with ADVATE
Authors: Turecek P. L. , Romeder‐Finger S. , Apostol C. , Bauer A. , Crocker‐Buqué A. , Burger D. A. , Schall R. , Gritsch H. 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionDiscrepancies have been previously reported for one‐stage clotting and chromogenic assays for FVIII activity analysis. Inter‐laboratory variations in instruments, method of clot detection, assay set‐up, reference standard calibration, reagent source and reagent composition all contribute to assay variability.AimTo characterise multilaboratory assay variability in measuring ADYNOVATE, OBIZUR and ADVATE FVIII activity in human plasma and survey multinational FVIII activity assay preferences.MethodsAs samples from patients treated with either of the FVIII products are not available in the quantities required for a systematic collaborative study, haemophilia A plasma was spiked in vitro with either ADYNOVATE (PEGylated rFVIII), OBIZUR [Porcine Sequence Antihaemophilic Factor (Recombinant)] or ADVATE at high (0.80 IU or U mL−1), medium (0.20 IU or U mL−1) and low (0.05 IU or U mL−1) FVIII concentrations, based on labelled potencies. Clinical laboratories used their routine FVIII activity assay to determine FVIII activity of each product. Thirty‐five data sets using one‐stage clotting assay and 11 sets using chromogenic assay were obtained.ResultsA vast majority of laboratories (98%) prefer and rely on the one‐stage clotting assay. Mean recoveries across all concentrations were 113%, 120% and 127% for ADYNOVATE, OBIZUR and ADVATE respectively. Assay variation was comparable between ADVATE, ADYNOVATE and OBIZUR with inter‐laboratory percent coefficients of variation (%CV) ranging from 11 to 22%. Mean chromogenic assay results were 116%, 51% and 113% for ADYNOVATE, OBIZUR and ADVATE respectively. Inter‐laboratory CV's were similar for ADYNOVATE, OBIZUR and ADVATE.ConclusionsOne‐stage clotting assays can and will be used with sufficient accuracy and precision for the measurement of ADYNOVATE, OBIZUR and ADVATE in plasma samples from subjects with haemophilia A. Chromogenic assay underestimates OBIZUR potency, particularly at lower concentrations.
Case report of diet‐related improvements of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis evaluated by four consecutive liver biopsies
Authors: Kawanaka Miwa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Yano Syoichiro , Nakamura Jun , Nishino Ken , Suehiro Mitsuhiko , Kawamoto Hirofumi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report the case of a 46‐year‐old man who achieved remarkable improvement of characteristic non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis by dieting. Initially, his body mass index was 40.7 kg/m2. He proactively commenced a low calorie diet and his body mass index decreased to 28 kg/m2 after 4 years. During the same period, we carried out liver biopsy four times. Liver fibrosis as well as inflammation, steatosis and ballooning improved, and the non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score decreased from 4 to 0. The fat deposits of liver tissue changed from macrovesicular droplets to microvesicular, and finally disappeared. Along with improved histology, alanine aminotransferase, homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance, ferritin, leptin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and cytokeratin 18 decreased, and adiponectin increased linearly. However, no clear changes were observed in markers for Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2 binding protein (WFA+M2BP), type IV collagen 7S, procollage III peptide and fibrosis‐4 index along with dieting. This is the first study to report gradual improvement of liver histology during four liver biopsies and fibrosis markers in a patient with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis who achieved complete recovery solely by dieting.
HIV drug resistance levels in adults failing first‐line antiretroviral therapy in an urban and a rural setting in South Africa
Authors: Rossouw TM , Nieuwoudt M , Manasa J , Malherbe G , Lessells RJ , Pillay S , Danaviah S , Mahasha P , van Dyk G , de Oliveira T 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesUrban and rural HIV treatment programmes face different challenges in the long‐term management of patients. There are few studies comparing drug resistance profiles in patients accessing treatment through these programmes. The aim of this study was to perform such a comparison.MethodsHIV drug resistance data and associated treatment and monitoring information for adult patients failing first‐line therapy in an urban and a rural programme were collected. Data were curated and managed in SATuRN RegaDB before statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel 2013 and stata Ver14, in which clinical parameters, resistance profiles and predicted treatment responses were compared.ResultsData for 595 patients were analysed: 492 patients from a rural setting and 103 patients from an urban setting. The urban group had lower CD4 counts at treatment initiation than the rural group (98 vs. 126 cells/μL, respectively; P = 0.05), had more viral load measurements performed per year (median 3 vs. 1.4, respectively; P < 0.01) and were more likely to have no drug resistance mutations detected (35.9% vs. 11.2%, respectively; P < 0.01). Patients in the rural group were more likely to have been on first‐line treatment for a longer period, to have failed for longer, and to have thymidine analogue mutations. Notwithstanding these differences, the two groups had comparable predicted responses to the standard second‐line regimen, based on the genotypic susceptibility score. Mutations accumulated in a sigmoidal fashion over failure duration.ConclusionsThe frequency and patterns of drug resistance, as well the intensity of virological monitoring, in adults with first‐line therapy failure differed between the urban and rural sites. Despite these differences, based on the genotypic susceptibility scores, the majority of patients across the two sites would be expected to respond well to the standard second‐line regimen.