bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato Pest Control, 1997
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted 23 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plant spacing was 38 inches between rows and 9 to 10 inches between plants. Fertilizer was applied at planting (1750 lb/acre 10-20-20). The Admire 2F (in-furrow) treatment was applied at planting using a CO2 compression sprayer at 20 psi with a 8004 flat-fan nozzle delivering the insecticide into the seed furrow. The field was treated for weed control on 10 Jun with 0.67 lb/acre of Sencor DF plus Dual 8 E at 2 pt/acre. Fungicide, 1.5 lb/acre Pencozeb DF, was applied 2, 10, 17, 24 Jul, and 26 Aug. Bravo Ultra at 1.33 lb/acre was applied 4 Sep. Paraquat, 1 qt/acre, was applied 18 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 40 ft in length, with 9-ft alleys separating plots and 3-ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots. Foliar applications of Provado were made 27 Jun and 12 Aug only. All other foliar treatments were applied 27 Jun, 11 Jul, 12 and 28 Aug. A spreader-sticker was added to all M-Trak applications. Cygon 4 E, 1 pt/acre, was added to the M-Trak treatment 11 Jul to suppress PLH populations. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted drop-nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gpa at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow-cone nozzles/row. Number of egg masses, small (stadium 1-2), large (stadium 3-4) larvae, and adults were counted and percent defoliation was visually estimated in five 1 -m lengths of row per plot. Leafhopper nymphs and aphids were sampled by visually inspecting 25 compound leaves per plot on each sampling date. Hopperburn was rated 16 Jul by inspecting ten leaves per plot and assigning a damage rating for each leaf as follows; 0 = no symptoms, 1 = curling only, 2 = curling with chlorosis or brown edges. We report the cummulative rating for the ten leaves in each plot. For example, if all ten leaves in a plot had curling and brown edges then the cummulative rating would be 20; if all ten leaves had only curling then the cummulative rating would be 10. Potatoes were harvested 2 Oct and graded 23 Oct, separating tubers into “A” and “B” sizes and culls (rotted or damaged).
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1997A
Authors: Longtine Craig A. , Ragsdale David W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was located in a non-irrigated commercial potato field near Hollandale in southern Minnesota. Plots consisted of a single treatment row 25 ft in length bordered on each side by two untreated guard rows. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants within rows. Treatments were replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer fitted with a single Teejet 8003-E flat-fan nozzle delivering 40 gpa/acre at 35 psi. All treatments were applied on 2 Jul. Spraying conditions were windy, but winds were constant. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of early instars (first and second) and late instars (third and fourth) were made on every plant in each plot on 3 Jul. The data were subjected to analyses of variance following log10(x +1) transformation.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1997B
Authors: Longtine Craig A. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Ragsdale David W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 20 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experi-ment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots consisted of a single treatment row 30 feet in length with 10 feet of untreated potatoes between plots within rows. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants within rows. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Treated rows were separated by one row of untreated potatoes. Admire 2F was applied over the top of the potato pieces just before the furrows were covered. Foliar applications were made on 15 Jul with a CO2-pressurized sprayer fitted with a Teejet 8003-E flat-fan nozzle delivering 40 gpa at 35 psi. CPB population densities were determined by counting larvae on every plant in each plot on 16 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of early instars (first and second) or late instars (third and fourth) were recorded. Analyses of variance was performed on data after log10(x +1) transformation.
Colorado Potato Beetle and Green Peach Aphid Control with Soil-Applied Insecticides and Foliar Sprays, 1997
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted on 28 Apr and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Ten treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a RCB design. Individual plots were 4 rows (36-inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5-ft alleyways separating the plots. Green peach aphids were mass reared in the greenhouse on mustard plants (Brassica juncea L. ‘Florida Broadleaf’) for release into individual plots. Aphid releases were made into test plots on 14 Jun. A total of four heavily infested leaves were released per plot. On a weekly basis, adults, large larvae (3-4 instar), small larvae (1-2 instar), and egg masses of Colorado potato beetle were counted and percent defoliation estimates were made from whole plant inspections of the center 5 hills of the middle 2 plot rows. Green peach aphid counts were made by non-destructively sampling 20 leaves at random from the top, middle, and bottom sections of plants in the center two rows of each plot. The data collected and presented is the total no. of aphids/20 leaves. Admire treatments were applied at planting as an in-furrow S over the seed piece on 28 Apr. Temik and Thimet were applied in-furrow with the seed piece at-planting. Post-emergence Admire was side dressed and shanked on 29 May. Furadan and the at-emergence, pre-hilling Admire treatment were applied on 6 Jun. Furadan was applied in a six-inch banded S over the plants at 4-inch rosette stage of plant growth using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer. The at-emergence, pre-hilling Admire treatment was shanked to the side of the plants (3 inch to side and 4 inch deep) and then hilled. On 26 Jun the CGA-215944 and Sevin treatments were S applied. All foliar S treatments were broadcast applied using the backpack CO2 sprayer at a rate of 20 gpa (30 psi, with 4, 10X hollow-cone nozzles). On 28 Jul a second foliar application of Furadan was made. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD Test.
Control of Aphids on Spinach with Imidacloprid and Other Treatments, 1996
Authors: Riley David 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fresh-market type ‘Fall Green’ spinach, was direct seeded on 11 Oct 1995 in 100-cm-width beds and maintained with standard cultural practices at Weslaco, TX. Plots consisted of two rows by 10 m and were arranged in a RCB design with six treatments and four replicates. Admire (imidacloprid) was applied at planting as an 8-cm banded spray in the seed furrow. All other insecticide treatments were foliar sprays which were initiated when aphid numbers exceeded 1 per leaf. Spray applications were made on January 16, 23 and February 14 with three TX6 hollow-cone tips (Spraying Systems Company) per row. The spray volume was 284 ]/ha. Aphids were counted on one expanded leaf per plant on 5 plants per plot. An additional destructive sample was taken at harvest on 8 and 16 Feb to determine the number of gpa per 10 leaves per plot and number of root aphids per 5 mechanically extracted tap roots. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and LSD tests for separation of treatment means.
Foliar Sprays to Control Green Peach Aphidsl on Spinach, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Spinach was planted on 5 Sep in a commercial field in Tasley, VA. Each plot was 5 ft wide X 15 ft long and contained 6 rows of plants. The test consisted of 9 treatments replicated 3 times in a RCB design. A pre-treatment count of live aphids on 10 randomly picked leaves/plot was made in the plots designated to be untreated checks immediately prior to the first application on 5 Dec. This count indicated moderate to heavy GPA pressure with an average of 412 live aphids/10 leaves. Subsequent counts to evaluate efficacy were made in a similar manner on the dates indicated in the table. The treatments were applied with a three flat-fan (8003, T Jet) nozzle boom delivering 46 gal water/acre at 40 psi. A second application was made on 11 Dec after a prolonged rainy period from the evening of 5 Dec through 9 Dec totaling 1.27 in. Latron B-1956 at a rate of 8 fl oz formulation/100 gal water was added to each treatment, except for the Pymetrozine 50WP at 0.045 lb(AI)/acre + Silwet.
Evaluation of Mp062 for Control of Armyworm on Tomatoes, 1997
Authors: Fouche C. F. , Mullen R. , Cutter D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Nine treatments were evaluated in a RCB design with 4 replicates of 5 ft X 25 ft each in a field near Farmington, CA. Treatments were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 30 gpa and 40 psi on 15 Aug, 29 Aug, and 12 Sep. Treatments were evaluated on 15 Aug, 29 Aug, and 12 Sep by lifting the vines, counting and removing all damaged fruit. The harvest evaluation was made on 24 Sep by cutting and shaking all fruit from plants in a 5’ section of each plot.
Efficacy of Insecticides on Tomato Insects, 1996
Authors: Griffin R. P. , Khan M.F.R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam soil on 22 Apr at the Cherry Farm, Clemson, SC. Experimental plots consisted of two adjacent 3-ft wide bedded-rows, 15 ft long, with 6-ft spacing between rows, arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Seedlings were placed 18 inches part within rows and were drip irrigated. Treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using TX10 hollow cone tips on a three-nozzle boom, delivering 48 gal finished spray/acre at 60 psi. Both sides of each row were sprayed. Treatments using formulations containing Bacillus thuringiensis were applied on approximately a 5-d schedule. Able + Agree; Mattch + MPEDE were applied on 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 29 Jun, 3, 9, 12, 17 and 19 Jul. All other treatments were applied on approximately a 10-d schedule: 4, 14, 24 Jun, 3,12 and 19 Jul. Maintenance sprays comprising of the fungicides Manzate 200 at 3 lb product/acre and Kocide DF at 2 lb product/acre were tank-mixed and applied with the insecticide treatments on the 10 d schedule. Thrips population was evaluated on 17 Jun by selecting 10 flowers at random from each plot, dissecting the flowers and counting the numbers of FT. Actual numbers of thrips/10 flowers/plot are reported. On 24 Jul, 25 fruits were picked at random from each plot and examined for fruitworm injury. The data are expressed as percent fruitworm injury. Twenty-five fruits were harvested at random from each plot on 24 Jul and examined for stink bug injury. The data are expressed as percent stink bug injury.
Control of Beet Armyworms, Pinworms, and Leafminers on Tomatoes, Spring 1996
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. , McCord Elzie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Solarset’ tomatoes were transplanted into Rockdale soil plastic mulch beds on 3 Apr, 1996. A RCB design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 8 treatments comprising a plot size of 4 rows, 30 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated 4 weeks after transplant and continued on approximately 7-day intervals beginning 1 May. Foliar insecticides were applied using a COz-powered backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles per row at 40 PSI delivering 100 gpa. No phytotoxicity was observed with either product. Evaluations were conducted 24 h after each treatment. BAW larvae were counted on 5 interior plants of the middle two rows of each plot. Tomato pinworm and leafminer larvae were evaluated by examining three trifoliates per plot. Although BAW and leafminer populations were slightly lower than normal, pinworm populations were moderately high.
Impact of Insecticides Alone and in Rotation on Tomato Pinworm, Leafminer and Beneficial Arthro-Pods on Staked Tomato, 1997
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Greenhouse-raised tomato seedings were planted 18 inches apart on 4 sets of 3 subirrigated beds, 32 inches wide and 240 ft long, on 12 Mar. Beds were fumigated with a 67/33% mixture of methyl bromide and chloropicrin at a rate of 220 lb acre, fertilized, and covered with black polyethylene film mulch. The middle ‘inoculum’ row of each 3-bed set was left untreated. The remaining 2 beds in each set were divided into 8 plots about 30 ft long to accommodate 14 treatments and untreated check in a RCB design replicated 4 times. Plants were sprayed weekly with a combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 3 lb/acre for disease control. Two wing-type sticky traps, baited with TPW pheromone (Scentry) lures placed in the field to monitor the pinworm population, showed peaks on four dates 3,4, 25 Apr and 2 May when the daily trap catch was 21, 26, 30, and 32, respectively. All other dates had a daily trap average of less than 10. Pre-treatment means of 20.5 LM and 3.4 PW mines/plant were recorded on 11 Apr. Seven weekly treatments were applied from 14 Apr through 30 May using a high-clearance sprayer with 2 booms fitted with “yellow” Albuz® hollow-cone nozzles operating at a pressure of 200 psi. The first 2 applications used 4 nozzles, 2 per boom, to deliver 42 gpa and the last five used 6 nozzles for 65 gpa. Three treatments con-sisted of SpinTor applied for 2 weeks followed by an application of Trigard, Agri-Mek, or Mattch. RH-2485 and Confirm were tank mixed with the adjuvant Latron CS-7 (0.12% v/v). Five weekly counts were made of dead/empty mines and live larvae of the LM and PW from one side of two plants, 4 samples per plot. Weekly vacuum samples of 4 sees from one side of 6 plants were taken beginning 17 Apr using a modified leaf blower. Catch was identified as beneficial (primarily spiders, hymenoptera exclusive of ants and predaceous hemiptera), pests and incidental (mostly flies). Fruit was harvested 3 Jun from 6 plants per plot and the marketable fruit graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded. Unmarketable fruit was separated into categories of infestation with TPW, other insects and disease. Crop value was estimated based on $5,6,7,9 market per box of small, medium, large, and extra large fruit, respectively.
Insect Control on Staked Tomatoes, 1997
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six-week-old transplants were set on 4 July at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Re-search Station (Fletcher, NC). Plants were set 18" apart within 20-ft rows and rows were on 10-ft centers. Single-row plots were arranged in a RCBD with four replications. Snap beans and squash were interplanted between treatment rows in an attempt to increase populations of stink bugs (SB) and thrips. Materials were applied on 6, 15 and 25 Aug, and 5 and 15 Sep with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 50-125 gpa (gpa increased as plants grew) through 7 hollow-cone nozzles per row (three nozzles on each side and one overhead). The list of evaluated materials appears in the results tables. The transplants used in the Confirm 70 W treatment, which was targeted at lepidopterous pests, were treated in the flat with Admire just prior to planting. PA populations were monitored by observing 10 leaves (3rd most recently expanded) per plot and recording the number infested with ≤ 1 apterous aphid. Pink stage fruit were harvested on 22 and 29 Aug, 5, 12, 19, and 26 Sep and 3 and 10 Oct. The total number of fruit and number damaged by TFW, SB, and thrips were recorded. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and means were separated by LSD (P = 0.05).
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1997
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The plots, 68 ft X 68 ft, were in a 6-yr-old stand of ‘Wampr’ alfalfa. All treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a RCB design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gal total vol/acre. Treatments were applied 7 Jul with a low-pressure, low-volume Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Stainless steel 8003 Tee Jet nozzles and operated at 35 psi. A standard treatment of dimethoate 4 EC was applied at the rate of 0.25 lb (AI)/acre. PLH densities were determined 3, 7, 10, and 18 DAT by collecting 20 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1997
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The plots, 34 ft X 36 ft, were in a 5-yr-old stand of ‘Wampr’ variety alfalfa. All treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gpa. Treatments were applied on 29 Apr with a low-pressure, low-volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 stainless steel Tee Jet nozzles and oper-ated at a pressure of 35 psi. A standard treatment of carbofuran 4°F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre for comparison. Population densities of AW larvae were determined 2, 6, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 24 DAT by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1997
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Roberts S. J. , Armbrust E. J. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments for potato leafhoppers (PLH) were evaluated on a two-year stand of alfalfa during the 2nd growth period at the University of Illinois Foundation Shaw Farm, Champaign County, Illinois. Plots were 40 X 50 ft with 4 replications of treatments in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 10 Jul with a tractor-mounted sprayer with a 20-ft boom equipped with flat fan nozzles (TeeJet 8002VS) spaced 20 inches apart delivering 15.7 gal/acre at 25 psi through and 2.5 mph. Pre-treatment sweeps showed an average of 3.12 PLH per sweep on 8 Jul. Average stem height was 8.3 inches. Efficacy of Baythroid 2 EC, Pounce 3.2 EC, and the experimental compound FCR 4545 was compared with an untreated check during the second growth period of alfalfa. Efficacy was determined by sweep-net samples taken, pre-spray and at 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment (DAT) with the insecticides.
Control of Insect Pests on Fall-Seeded Canola, 1997A
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established in a RCBD with 4 replicates of 20 X 30 ft at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA on 10 Oct. Treatments were made at full bloom with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer at 20 gpa at 20 psi on 21 May except for Gaucho 75 ST applied as a seed treatment at planting. All sprayed insecticides were buffered to pH 5.0. Treatments were evaluated for pre-treatment count 215 DAE, 7 DAT (222 DAE), 12 DAT (227 DAE), and 25 DAT (250 DAE) by counting the number of CA colonies per m2 (6.6 linear ft of row) with mean number of CA per colony. CSPW counts were made on evaluation dates with 180° sweeps with a 14-inch sweep net. Counts of CSPW exit holes per 100 pods per replicate were made at harvest, and yield data were collected.
Insecticide Efficacy Trial for Flea Beetlesl on Canola, 1997
Authors: Milbrath Lindsey R. , Weiss Michael J. , Zarnstorff Mark 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded at the North Central Res. & Ext. Center, Minot, ND on 15 May at 8.8 lb seed per acre and were 3.5 (seven 6-inch rows) X 16 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replicates. Furadan was applied at planting, mixed with the seed and Gaucho was applied as a seed treatment. The other insecticides were applied 2 Jun with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 20 gpa after the arrival of flea beetles in the plots. The canola was in the cotyledon to 2-leaf stage and flea beetle feeding pressure was moderately high. Prior to spraying, the number of plants per linear m of row was counted (two per plot) and 12 plants per plot were collected to determine the number of feeding pits on the cotyledons. The canola was harvested on 23 Aug and yield and test weight data were collected. These data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated using Tukey’s HSD test.
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides for Control of Larval Corn Rootworm, 1997
Authors: DeVries Terry A. , Wright Robert J. , Meinke Lance , Siegfried Blair 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Soil insecticide trials were conducted near Holdrege, NE (Field 1) and Gresham, NE (Field 2) to evaluate their effectiveness in protecting corn roots from WCR larval injury. Results of research conducted from 1994-96 have indicated that adult WCR are resistant to methyl parathion and carbaryl in these areas. Trials were established in fields with a high population of adults in the summer of 1996. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates. Each plot consisted of a single 30-ft-long row with a 30-inch row spacing. Field 1 was planted with ‘Golden Harvest 2547’ hybrid on 24 Apr and Field 2 with ‘Ciba 454 Maximizer’ hybrid on 13 May. Granular insecticides were applied using 10-inch Almaco smooth belt cones mounted in place of insecticide boxes on a 2-row John Deer 7100 plateless planter. Pre-weighed amounts of insecticide granules were distributed uniformly around the belt cone by a divider funnel and either directed into the open seed furrow (IF) or a 7-inch band in front of the press wheel and over the open seed furrow and incorporated with a drag rake (TB). A CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer mounted on the planter was used to apply liquid insecticides. A TeeJet #250017 nozzle positioned between the disc openers was used to direct an in-furrow spray of 1.25 gpa at 8 psi (LP). Established plant populations were evaluated in Field 1 on 22 May and on 5 Jun in Field 2. Rootworm egg hatch was detected on 9 Jun at Clay Center, NE. First cultivation time treatments were applied on 10 Jun in Field 2 and on 11 Jun in Field 1. Granular insecticides were applied basally at first-cultivation from a mason jar with holes in the lid and incorporating with a garden rake (GC). A CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer with an output of 21 gpa at 30 psi was used to apply liquid insecticides at first-cultivation over the top of the plant whorl. The insecticide reaching the soil surface was immediately incorporated with a garden rake (LC). Larval feeding damage was evaluated on 14 Jul for Field 2 and 23 Jul for Field 1. Five plants were dug from each plot and rated for root damage using the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no feeding, to 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Root injury ratings were analyzed by ANOVA for RCB with mean separation using DMRT. Percent consistency was determined for each plot based on the percent of the plants that had root injury ratings at or below 3 and 4. Percent consistency data were analyzed by GLM for RCB with mean separation using LSD.