bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conscientious objection as a barrier for implementing voluntary termination of pregnancy in Uruguay: Gynecologists’ attitudes and behavior
Authors: Coppola Francisco , Briozzo Leonel , Nozar Fernanda , Fiol Verónica , Greif Diego 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the attitudes and behavior of gynecologists in Uruguay with respect to the right to conscientious objection that is included in the law concerning voluntary termination of pregnancy.MethodsThe relevant laws and decrees, academic articles, legal or administrative claims, and the positions published by the institutions representing physicians or by groups of gynecologists were analyzed.ResultsIn general, the institutions positioned themselves in favor of correct application of conscientious objection and the immense majority of gynecologists followed this conduct. Small groups mounted a strong opposition and in one department (province) all gynecologists declared themselves to be objectors.ConclusionMost gynecologists, whether or not they are objectors, proved to have a “loyalty to duty,” fulfilling their primary obligation to abide by the ethical duty to give treatment to the persons who need it. A small group used conscientious objection to impede the provision of care to the women who needed the service, some group members being genuine objectors and others pseudo‐objectors.
The role of medical abortion in the implementation of the law on voluntary termination of pregnancy in Uruguay
Authors: Fiol Verónica , Rieppi Leticia , Aguirre Rafael , Nozar María , Gorgoroso Mónica , Coppola Francisco , Briozzo Leonel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the implementation of the law that liberalizes voluntary abortion in Uruguay and enables health services to offer these services to the population.MethodsThe legal and regulatory provisions are described and the national data—provided by the Ministry of Public Health's National Information System (SINADI)—on the number of voluntary terminations of pregnancy, the abortion method (medical or surgical), and whether it was performed as an outpatient or inpatient are analyzed. To determine complications, the number of maternal deaths and admissions to intensive care units for pregnant women was used. The study period ran from December 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014.ResultsA total of 15 996 abortions were performed during the study period; only 1.2% were surgical and 98.8% were medical. Of the latter, only 3.4% required hospitalization. Less than half of the pregnancies were terminated up to 9 weeks of gestation and 54% were at 10 to 12 weeks in a sample from the Pereira Rossell Hospital.ConclusionThe rapid nationwide rollout of voluntary termination of pregnancy services to all women was possible to a large degree thanks to the availability and broad acceptance of medical abortion, facilitated by the prior experience in applying the risk and harm reduction strategy.
Implementation of the risk and harm reduction strategy against unsafe abortion in Uruguay: From a university hospital to the entire country
Authors: Labandera Ana , Gorgoroso Monica , Briozzo Leonel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe history of the creation of the risk and harm reduction model applied to unsafe abortion is reviewed, from its initial implementation by a small group of gynecologists at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center in Uruguay to its spread to the rest of the country. Its ethical rationale, its successful application in the hospital, the decision to disseminate it with the cooperation of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), and the intervention procedures are explained. It was evaluated from the epidemiological and anthropological viewpoints, from the changes in professionals’ and users’ perception of the care offered and its impact on complications and maternal deaths. A very favorable change was seen in the number and quality of the services, the providers’ attitude, and maternal morbidity and mortality were reduced. It also brought visibility to women with unplanned and unwanted pregnancies and an improved understanding of their problems, which contributed to the legislative changes that were made subsequently.
A replication of the Uruguayan model in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, as a public policy for reducing abortion‐related maternal mortality
Authors: Matía Marisa G. , Trumper Eugenia C. , Fures Nery Orlando , Orchuela Jimena 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the application of the risk and harm reduction model at primary care level to decrease the mortality due to unsafe abortion in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and evaluate the results.MethodsThe services offered at primary health units to women undergoing abortion are described—first, only risk reduction and later, legal termination of the pregnancy—including their evolution between 2010 and 2015. The changes in abortion‐related maternal mortality are also evaluated. The χ2 test was used to evaluate the differences in the percentage of abortion‐related deaths out of the total number of maternal deaths.ResultsPrimary care services increased progressively, both for risk reduction and for legal termination of pregnancy, which was carried out successfully, including manual vacuum aspiration, by general physicians and midwives. The proportion of abortion‐related maternal deaths with respect to total maternal deaths fell by two‐thirds between 2010 and 2014 (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe Uruguayan risk reduction model was successfully applied in primary care in the Province of Buenos Aires.
Legal termination of pregnancy as an opportunity for expanding postabortion contraception: Experience at the Pereira Rossell Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
Authors: Nozar Fernanda , Greif Diego , Coppola Francisco , Fiol Verónica , Briozzo Leonel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine to what extent women adopted highly effective contraceptive methods after a legal abortion.MethodsThe data available during a period before and another period after liberalization of the abortion law were reviewed. The data gathering was incomplete and reliable only during certain periods, which were used in the study.ResultsThere was an increase in the proportion of women who returned for contraception and in the proportion who used any method and long‐acting methods; however, no contraception was administered immediately after abortion and only 16% of all women treated started to use a long‐acting method during the period after the law was liberalized.ConclusionThe proposed objective was not being achieved, the recommended guidelines were not being followed, and data gathering was incomplete. Good intentions are not enough and it is always necessary to evaluate the performance of a program. The results indicate that immediate reforms are necessary in postabortion contraception services.
Incorrect ventricular lead placement into the systemic right ventricle of a patient with D-transposition of the great vessels after Mustard procedure
Authors: Powell Adam W. , Kimball Thomas R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIncorrect pacemaker lead placement into the systemic ventricle is a complication that has rarely been described in patients with D-transposition status after atrial baffle palliation. We present a case of ventricular lead misplacement in the systemic right ventricle of a patient with D-transposition of the great arteries after Mustard procedure. This case demonstrates the challenges with proper imaging of lead placement in patients with atrial baffles and long-term management of a lead in the systemic ventricle.
Regulation of monocyte cell fate by blood vessels mediated by Notch signalling
Authors: Gamrekelashvili Jaba , Giagnorio Roberto , Jussofie Jasmin , Soehnlein Oliver , Duchene Johan , Briseño Carlos G. , Ramasamy Saravana K. , Krishnasamy Kashyap , Limbourg Anne , Häger Christine , Kapanadze Tamar , Ishifune Chieko , Hinkel Rabea , Radtke Freddy , Strobl Lothar J. , Zimber-Strobl Ursula , Napp L. Christian , Bauersachs Johann , Haller Hermann , Yasutomo Koji , Kupatt Christian , Murphy Kenneth M. , Adams Ralf H. , Weber Christian , Limbourg Florian P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA population of monocytes, known as Ly6Clo monocytes, patrol blood vessels by crawling along the vascular endothelium. Here we show that endothelial cells control their origin through Notch signalling. Using combinations of conditional genetic deletion strategies and cell-fate tracking experiments we show that Notch2 regulates conversion of Ly6Chi monocytes into Ly6Clo monocytes in vivo and in vitro, thereby regulating monocyte cell fate under steady-state conditions. This process is controlled by Notch ligand delta-like 1 (Dll1) expressed by a population of endothelial cells that constitute distinct vascular niches in the bone marrow and spleen in vivo, while culture on recombinant DLL1 induces monocyte conversion in vitro. Thus, blood vessels regulate monocyte conversion, a form of committed myeloid cell fate regulation.
Actin dynamics provides membrane tension to merge fusing vesicles into the plasma membrane
Authors: Wen Peter J. , Grenklo Staffan , Arpino Gianvito , Tan Xinyu , Liao Hsien-Shun , Heureaux Johanna , Peng Shi-Yong , Chiang Hsueh-Cheng , Hamid Edaeni , Zhao Wei-Dong , Shin Wonchul , Näreoja Tuomas , Evergren Emma , Jin Yinghui , Karlsson Roger , Ebert Steven N. , Jin Albert , Liu Allen P. , Shupliakov Oleg , Wu Ling-Gang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVesicle fusion is executed via formation of an Ω-shaped structure (Ω-profile), followed by closure (kiss-and-run) or merging of the Ω-profile into the plasma membrane (full fusion). Although Ω-profile closure limits release but recycles vesicles economically, Ω-profile merging facilitates release but couples to classical endocytosis for recycling. Despite its crucial role in determining exocytosis/endocytosis modes, how Ω-profile merging is mediated is poorly understood in endocrine cells and neurons containing small ∼30–300 nm vesicles. Here, using confocal and super-resolution STED imaging, force measurements, pharmacology and gene knockout, we show that dynamic assembly of filamentous actin, involving ATP hydrolysis, N-WASP and formin, mediates Ω-profile merging by providing sufficient plasma membrane tension to shrink the Ω-profile in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells containing ∼300 nm vesicles. Actin-directed compounds also induce Ω-profile accumulation at lamprey synaptic active zones, suggesting that actin may mediate Ω-profile merging at synapses. These results uncover molecular and biophysical mechanisms underlying Ω-profile merging.
Dynamic spin filtering at the Co/Alq3 interface mediated by weakly coupled second layer molecules
Authors: Droghetti Andrea , Thielen Philip , Rungger Ivan , Haag Norman , Großmann Nicolas , Stöckl Johannes , Stadtmüller Benjamin , Aeschlimann Martin , Sanvito Stefano , Cinchetti Mirko 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSpin filtering at organic-metal interfaces is often determined by the details of the interaction between the organic molecules and the inorganic magnets used as electrodes. Here we demonstrate a spin-filtering mechanism based on the dynamical spin relaxation of the long-living interface states formed by the magnet and weakly physisorbed molecules. We investigate the case of Alq3 on Co and, by combining two-photon photoemission experiments with electronic structure theory, show that the observed long-time spin-dependent electron dynamics is driven by molecules in the second organic layer. The interface states formed by physisorbed molecules are not spin-split, but acquire a spin-dependent lifetime, that is the result of dynamical spin-relaxation driven by the interaction with the Co substrate. Such spin-filtering mechanism has an important role in the injection of spin-polarized carriers across the interface and their successive hopping diffusion into successive molecular layers of molecular spintronics devices.
Surface Kondo effect and non-trivial metallic state of the Kondo insulator YbB12
Authors: Hagiwara Kenta , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Matsunami Masaharu , Ideta Shin-ichiro , Tanaka Kiyohisa , Miyazaki Hidetoshi , Rault Julien E. , Fèvre Patrick Le , Bertran François , Taleb-Ibrahimi Amina , Yukawa Ryu , Kobayashi Masaki , Horiba Koji , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Sumida Kazuki , Okuda Taichi , Iga Fumitoshi , Kimura Shin-ichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA synergistic effect between strong electron correlation and spin–orbit interaction has been theoretically predicted to realize new topological states of quantum matter on Kondo insulators (KIs), so-called topological Kondo insulators (TKIs). One TKI candidate has been experimentally observed on the KI SmB6(001), and the origin of the surface states (SS) and the topological order of SmB6 has been actively discussed. Here, we show a metallic SS on the clean surface of another TKI candidate YbB12(001) using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The SS shows temperature-dependent reconstruction corresponding to the Kondo effect observed for bulk states. Despite the low-temperature insulating bulk, the reconstructed SS with c–f hybridization is metallic, forming a closed Fermi contour surrounding "Equation missing" on the surface Brillouin zone and agreeing with the theoretically expected behaviour for SS on TKIs. These results demonstrate the temperature-dependent holistic reconstruction of two-dimensional states localized on KIs surface driven by the Kondo effect.
Gut microbiome and dietary patterns in different Saudi populations and monkeys
Authors: Angelakis Emmanouil , Yasir Muhammad , Bachar Dipankar , Azhar Esam I. , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Bibi Fehmida , Jiman-Fatani Asif A. , Alawi Maha , Bakarman Marwan A. , Robert Catherine , Raoult Didier 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHost genetics, environment, lifestyle and proximity between hosts strongly influence the composition of the gut microbiome. To investigate the association of dietary variables with the gut microbiota, we used 16S rDNA sequencing to test the fecal microbiome of Bedouins and urban Saudis and we compared it to the gut microbiome of baboons living in close contact with Bedouins and eating their leftovers. We also analyzed fermented dairy products commonly consumed by Bedouins in order to investigate their impact on the gut microbiome of this population. We found that the gut microbiomes of westernized urban Saudis had significantly lower richness and biodiversity than the traditional Bedouin population. The gut microbiomes of baboons were more similar to that of Bedouins compared to urban Saudis, probably due the dietary overlap between baboons and Bedouins. Moreover, we found clusters that were compositionally similar to clusters identified in humans and baboons, characterized by differences in Acinetobacter, Turicibacter and Collinsella. The fermented food presented significantly more bacteria genera common to the gut microbiome of Bedouins compared to urban Saudis. These results support the hypothesis that dietary habits influence the composition of the gut microbiome.
Influence of interstitial Fe to the phase diagram of Fe1+yTe1−xSex single crystals
Authors: Sun Yue , Yamada Tatsuhiro , Pyon Sunseng , Tamegai Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSuperconductivity (SC) with the suppression of long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order is observed in the parent compounds of both iron-based and cuprate superconductors. The AFM wave vectors are bicollinear (π, 0) in the parent compound FeTe different from the collinear AFM order (π, π) in most iron pnictides. Study of the phase diagram of Fe1+yTe1−xSex is the most direct way to investigate the competition between bicollinear AFM and SC. However, presence of interstitial Fe affects both magnetism and SC of Fe1+yTe1−xSex, which hinders the establishment of the real phase diagram. Here, we report the comparison of doping-temperature (x-T) phase diagrams for Fe1+yTe1−xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.43) single crystals before and after removing interstitial Fe. Without interstitial Fe, the AFM state survives only for x < 0.05 and bulk SC emerges from x = 0.05 and does not coexist with the AFM state. The previously reported spin glass state and the coexistence of AFM and SC may be originated from the effect of the interstitial Fe. The phase diagram of Fe1+yTe1−xSex is found to be similar to the case of the “1111” system such as LaFeAsO1−xFx and is different from that of the “122” system.
Substantial Underestimation of Post-Harvest Burning Emissions in the North China Plain Revealed by Multi-Species Space Observations
Authors: Stavrakou T. , Müller J.-F. , Bauwens M. , De Smedt I. , Lerot C. , Van Roozendael M. , Coheur P.-F. , Clerbaux C. , Boersma K. F. , van der A R. , Song Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe large-scale burning of crop residues in the North China Plain (NCP), one of the most densely populated world regions, was recently recognized to cause severe air pollution and harmful health effects. A reliable quantification of the magnitude of these fires is needed to assess regional air quality. Here, we use an eight-year record (2005–2012) of formaldehyde measurements from space to constrain the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in this region. Using inverse modelling, we derive that satellite-based post-harvest burning fluxes are, on average, at least a factor of 2 higher than state-of-the-art bottom-up statistical estimates, although with significant interannual variability. Crop burning is calculated to cause important increases in surface ozone (+7%) and fine aerosol concentrations (+18%) in the North China Plain in June. The impact of crop fires is also found in satellite observations of other species, glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide and methanol and we show that those measurements validate the magnitude of the top-down fluxes. Our study indicates that the top-down crop burning fluxes of VOCs in June exceed by almost a factor of 2 the combined emissions from other anthropogenic activities in this region, underscoring the need for targeted actions towards changes in agricultural management practices.
Inverse Doppler Effects in Broadband Acoustic Metamaterials
Authors: Zhai S. L. , Zhao X. P. , Liu S. , Shen F. L. , Li L. L. , Luo C. R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Doppler effect refers to the change in frequency of a wave source as a consequence of the relative motion between the source and an observer. Veselago theoretically predicted that materials with negative refractions can induce inverse Doppler effects. With the development of metamaterials, inverse Doppler effects have been extensively investigated. However, the ideal material parameters prescribed by these metamaterial design approaches are complex and also challenging to obtain experimentally. Here, we demonstrated a method of designing and experimentally characterising arbitrary broadband acoustic metamaterials. These omni-directional, double-negative, acoustic metamaterials are constructed with ‘flute-like’ acoustic meta-cluster sets with seven double meta-molecules; these metamaterials also overcome the limitations of broadband negative bulk modulus and mass density to provide a region of negative refraction and inverse Doppler effects. It was also shown that inverse Doppler effects can be detected in a flute, which has been popular for thousands of years in Asia and Europe.
Flickering task–irrelevant distractors induce dilation of target duration depending upon cortical distance
Authors: Okajima Miku , Yotsumoto Yuko 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFlickering stimuli are perceived to be longer than stable stimuli. This so-called “flicker-induced time dilation” has been investigated in a number of studies, but the factors critical for this effect remain unclear. We explored the spatial distribution of the flicker effect and examined how the flickering task-irrelevant distractors spatially distant from the target induce time dilation. In two experiments, we demonstrated that flickering distractors dilated the perceived duration of the target stimulus even though the target stimulus itself was stable. In addition, when the distractor duration was much longer than the target duration, a flickering distractor located ipsilateral to the target caused greater time dilation than did a contralateral distractor. Thus the amount of dilation depended on the distance between the cortical areas responsible for the stimulus locations. These findings are consistent with the recent study reporting that modulation of neural oscillators encoding the interval duration could explain flicker-induced time dilation.
Direct-Write Fabrication of Cellulose Nano-Structures via Focused Electron Beam Induced Nanosynthesis
Authors: Ganner Thomas , Sattelkow Jürgen , Rumpf Bernhard , Eibinger Manuel , Reishofer David , Winkler Robert , Nidetzky Bernd , Spirk Stefan , Plank Harald 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn many areas of science and technology, patterned films and surfaces play a key role in engineering and development of advanced materials. Here, we introduce a new generic technique for the fabrication of polysaccharide nano-structures via focused electron beam induced conversion (FEBIC). For the proof of principle, organosoluble trimethylsilyl-cellulose (TMSC) thin films have been deposited by spin coating on SiO2 / Si and exposed to a nano-sized electron beam. It turns out that in the exposed areas an electron induced desilylation reaction takes place converting soluble TMSC to rather insoluble cellulose. After removal of the unexposed TMSC areas, structured cellulose patterns remain on the surface with FWHM line widths down to 70 nm. Systematic FEBIC parameter sweeps reveal a generally electron dose dependent behavior with three working regimes: incomplete conversion, ideal doses and over exposure. Direct (FT-IR) and indirect chemical analyses (enzymatic degradation) confirmed the cellulosic character of ideally converted areas. These investigations are complemented by a theoretical model which suggests a two-step reaction process by means of TMSC → cellulose and cellulose → non-cellulose material conversion in excellent agreement with experimental data. The extracted, individual reaction rates allowed the derivation of design rules for FEBIC parameters towards highest conversion efficiencies and highest lateral resolution.
Continuous microfluidic assortment of interactive ligands (CMAIL)
Authors: Hsiao Yi-Hsing , Huang Chao-Yang , Hu Chih-Yung , Wu Yen-Yu , Wu Chung-Hsiun , Hsu Chia-Hsien , Chen Chihchen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFinding an interactive ligand-receptor pair is crucial to many applications, including the development of monoclonal antibodies. Biopanning, a commonly used technique for affinity screening, involves a series of washing steps and is lengthy and tedious. Here we present an approach termed continuous microfluidic assortment of interactive ligands, or CMAIL, for the screening and sorting of antigen-binding single-chain variable antibody fragments (scFv) displayed on bacteriophages (phages). Phages carrying native negative charges on their coat proteins were electrophoresed through a hydrogel matrix functionalized with target antigens under two alternating orthogonal electric fields. During the weak horizontal electric field phase, phages were differentially swept laterally depending on their affinity for the antigen and all phages were electrophoresed down to be collected during the strong vertical electric field phase. Phages of different affinity were spatially separated, allowing the continuous operation. More than 105 CFU (colony forming unit) antigen-interacting phages were isolated with ~100% specificity from a phage library containing 3 × 109 individual members within 40 minutes of sorting using CMAIL. CMAIL is rapid, sensitive, specific and does not employ washing, elution or magnetic beads. In conclusion, we have developed an efficient and cost-effective method for isolating and sorting affinity reagents involving phage display.