bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Convergence of COSYSMO Parametric Cost Estimation with Model‐Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Papke Barry , Wang Gan , Densford Sean , Valerdi Ricardo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe promise of Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and its advertised benefits hinge on the ability of our profession to integrate engineering disciplines and project management across the system life cycle. In particular, connecting system architecture and design decisions to the economics of the system's development is a critically important topic, but has often been overlooked by the system engineering community. Achieving such integration requires two key elements: (1) the standardization of multidisciplinary terms and functions, and (2) the establishment of rules governing relationships between cross‐functional models and modeling environments. This paper contributes to these areas by (1) establishing common terminology describing systems engineering and cost estimating, and (2) proposing specific cost drivers and counting rules within an MBSE environment that can be applied to estimating systems engineering effort using the COSYSMO cost model. COSYSMO is a systems engineering cost model, originally developed in 2005, and was grounded on document‐based systems engineering methods. This paper facilitates the convergence of COSYSMO and MBSE by updating the COSYSMO counting rules to specifically address size driver selection and assessment in a SysML model. It illustrates how advanced modeling tool features streamline and automate cost estimation activities, while queries and crosscutting views offered by modern MBSE tools enhance the completeness, quality, and consistency of parametric cost estimation process. Additionally, it provides guidelines for identifying system model content and level of detail for cost estimating, and proposes an approach to link attributes and properties in a system model to the variables in the COSYSMO cost estimating relationship.
Model‐Based Systems Engineering Approach for Designing an Artificial Magnetic Field Generator System for Spacecraft Radiation Protection
Authors: Baker Charles J. , Simske Steven J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe hazardous environment of space, dominated by cosmic and solar radiation, poses a significant threat to spacecraft and their occupants. Traditional radiation shielding methods, like passive materials, have limitations in weight and effectiveness. An artificial magnetic field generator system emerges as a promising solution to replicate Earth's magnetosphere, providing a protective magnetic shield against harmful radiation. (Dick, Launius, 2007) This paper presents a Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach to the holistic modeling and design of such a system.Utilizing the MBSE approach, this study models the system's components, their interactions, and the offered services, incorporating Radiation Monitoring, Magnetic Shielding, Power Management, System Health & Diagnostics, and Crew Communication services. The conceptual data model captures key entities and their relationships, ensuring a coherent integration of the system's parts. The activity diagram illustrates the operational flow, providing clarity on the system's dynamic behavior under varying radiation conditions and power reserves. A services taxonomy is developed to hierarchically categorize and ensure the comprehensive functionality of the system.The application of MBSE methodology provides numerous advantages, including a unified visualization of the system's complexities, enhanced stakeholder communication, and a streamlined validation and verification process. Furthermore, the flexibility inherent in the MBSE approach ensures that the system can be easily updated or scaled based on advancements in technology or changing mission requirements. (ECLIPSE Suite, 2022) The MBSE approach's application to the design of an artificial magnetic field generator system for spacecraft presents a robust and systematic method to ensure optimal performance, safety, and adaptability in the perilous realm of space.
Systems Lessons from the Panama Canal
Authors: Beasley Richard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the building of the Panama Canal (particularly from 1870‐1914) and looks at lessons that modern day Systems Engineers can apply from this significant infrastructure project. There were great successes and failures during the attempts to build a canal. The Systems issues include the importance of understanding the environment, recognizing the need to think beyond the physical object ‐ Panama Canal project had significant health issues, need for infrastructure / “realization systems”, and even the need for a political revolution in Panama to enable it to be built. The importance of the organization building the system, and its leadership was also important.It is always instructive to look back at significant historical projects and learn the lessons (positive and negative). There is much to learn from a project and a system as big and important as the Panama Canal.
Tailoring of NASA‐STD‐3001 to Lunar Gateway Program Requirements
Authors: Silva‐Martinez Jackelynne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Gateway Program must meet NASA's Agency‐level human rating requirements, which are intended to accommodate human capabilities and limitations while protecting the safety of the crew, and providing to the maximum extent practical, the capability to safely recover the crew from hazardous situations. Human systems integration represents a key human rating component of Moon to Mars systems to support the execution of Artemis missions, including compliance with mandatory standards for Health and Medical, Safety and Mission Assurance, and Engineering. The human system requirements, together with the human systems integration plan, medical operations requirements, and Gateway subsystem specifications, represent the flow‐down of NASA Health and Medical Standards (NASA‐STD‐3001, Volumes 1 and 2) into the Gateway system. This paper discusses how these documents and other human systems integration activities provide full consideration of human capabilities and limitations as part of the total system design trade space, serving as an example on how the human must be effectively integrated as part of the system in order to achieve mission success. At a bigger scale, the paper contributes to the application of systems engineering standards to cutting‐edge space exploration initiatives and to the dialogue on how systems engineering can continue to evolve to meet the needs of such ambitious projects.
Identifying Reference Architecture Types for Stakeholder Groups in Industry 4.0
Authors: Riedmann Sarah , Binder Christoph , Neureiter Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNew developments in the area of the Industrial Internet‐of‐Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0 offer huge potential for a more efficient and flexible industrial production, but are also accompanied by rising system complexity. Consequently, to deal with the increased system complexity, novel approaches, such as reference architectures, are emerging. However, most of these approaches are not yet mature and rather theoretical than ready‐to‐use. Thus, companies need to be provided with frameworks that actively support the transformation of their systems towards Industry 4.0. One of those frameworks has been introduced with Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0), which counteracts the mentioned complexity and can be used for various use cases. However, as most of its concepts are too general to be applied directly to actual systems, the need for directly applicable reference architectures emerges. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to derive more detailed reference architectures based on RAMI 4.0 by making use of model‐based systems engineering (MBSE), which target single manufacturing domains rather than the whole industry. Therefore, relevant stakeholders are analyzed and different types of reference architectures targeting their concerns are identified. The resulting reference architectures should be ready‐to‐use for interested manufacturers and thus, enhance the acceptance of RAMI 4.0 as well as improve systems engineering in industrial manufacturing. Finally, the developed reference architecture is evaluated in a proof‐of‐concept case study of a flexible production system.
The Updated SERC AI and Autonomy Roadmap 2023
Authors: McDermott Tom , Pepe Kara , Clifford Megan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe first Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Autonomy Research Roadmap was developed in 2020 and published in the first quarter 2021 special INSIGHT issue on Systems Engineering and AI. This roadmap development was heavily informed by the INCOSE Future of Systems Engineering (FuSE) initiatives. Following on in 2020, INCOSE and the SERC collaborated with the Association for Advancement of AI (AAAI) to execute two workshops entitled “AI meets Systems Engineering.” These resulted in version two of the roadmap which was published as an introductory chapter to the book “Systems Engineering and Artificial Intelligence.” In 2020 through 2023 the SERC hosted four SE4AI/AI4SE workshops with the U.S. Army that have further informed research and application at the intersection of AI and SE. This paper presents the updated version of the roadmap resulting from engagement across those four workshops. It is provided as a means to inform the SE community of the critical research needs and related applications emerging at the intersection of AI and SE.
Human‐centered Smart Cities: An evaluation of a small community using the Smart Cities Initiative framework
Authors: CSEP Jennifer L. Russell, EISE, , Dugar Jargalsaikhan , III Joseph W. Sweeney 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn September 2023, the INCOSE Smart Cities Initiative released a framework to evaluate and define smart city systems. The framework includes a human‐centered definition of a smart city and offers metrics of a smart city. The definition, metrics, and framework are based on a systematic process that allows consistent evaluation of city that focuses on providing for fundamental human needs.Many smart city applications still focus on technology, regardless of whether that technology provides a clear benefit to the stakeholders of the city. Systems engineering tools and practices offer potential for improving smart city implementations by improving the alignment of needs and solutions. Unfortunately, in new domains, such as the plethora domains involved with smart cities, systems engineering can be viewed as unnecessary overhead. Therefore, the usefulness of the systems engineering concepts that underlie the INCOSE Smart Cities framework could be overlooked unless it can provide immediate value. As a demonstration of how the new framework could be used by someone interested in engaging INCOSE Smart Cities concepts, a high‐level application of the definitions and framework was performed.The analysis demonstrated that a simple review of the city system, using the perspectives of the INCOSE Smart Cities initiative, could reveal strengths and weaknesses of a smart city and identify potential next steps for improvement. This paper is a case study of how to use qualitative analysis to apply the human‐centered definition and framework to evaluate a Smart City. The case study provides an opportunity to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the new INCOSE framework.
Hyundai's Modular MBSE Approach to ‘Purpose Built Vehicle’ Architecture Development
Authors: Jeong Ilsoo , Alai Shashank , Joo Jaekop , Baloh Michael , Yun Sunkil , Kim Tae Kook , Park Hwi Seob 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses an ongoing effort at Hyundai to develop a model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) methodology for cross‐domain vehicle architecture development that is practical at the enterprise level. Our approach follows a modular modeling process that complements MBSE. In the age of smart mobility, automobile systems are indeed interdependent elements of a system of systems (SoS). Connectedness favors numerous mobility features that emerge due to the interfaces among these constituent systems. Managing emergent product line variations, changing consumer demands coupled with faster market response require manufacturers to modularize their architecture development processes. This can help scale MBSE across vehicle programs. This study proposes a modular system architecture approach for developing Hyundai's purpose‐built vehicle (PBV) concept that maintains a link to the legacy vehicle breakdown structures already in use. Using the Arcadia method, the ‘to‐be’ developed electric vehicle is expressed as a hierarchical functional partitioning of the subsystem modules. A physical architecture is defined as a solution to the functional partitioning based on an existing vehicle breakdown in a combined ‘top‐down/bottom‐up’ workflow thus capturing a realistic system decomposition. In the SoS hierarchy, the PBV is at the top level and is partitioned into multiple levels of nested subsystem architectures owned and developed by designated module teams in a distributed modeling environment. Results of the preliminary architecture modularization effort indicate significant potential for benefits over classical architecture modeling such as iterative knowledge capture, enhanced reusability across projects, products and programs, and distributed vehicle performance development across the extended MBSE enterprise, which includes the tier 1/2 suppliers.
DESIGN THINKING IN A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING WORLD, WITHIN A GOVERNMENTAL CONTEXT
Authors: Braun Kavita 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSystems engineering evolution has been an incredible asset to innovation. This is particularly true in industries that drive its academic advancement and maturity. In these industries, systems engineering is a proven approach to developing a program from conception through retirement. Design thinking is a design methodology and separate from systems engineering/ thinking; it is defined by its intensely human‐centered approach. This report hypothesizes that design thinking processes used during the concept development phase of the systems engineering process enables a more comprehensive view of key challenges due to the inclusion of more contextual stakeholder information, particularly in a government context. A mixed methods approach using 35 surveys and 11 interviews of subject matter experts, project managers, and innovation challenge participants was used to test the hypothesis. Interviewees disagreed on the impact that design thinking processes ultimately have on stakeholder information. There was a common consensus that the process yields key beneficiaries. The quantitative data showed a shift in familiarity with design thinking principles during the innovation challenge as a result of design thinking teaching modules. The increase in familiarity correlated with an increased likelihood to use various design thinking processes during concept development, and stronger agreement that design thinking affected understanding the stakeholders, key beneficiaries, and comprehension of the challenge space. Together, the qualitative and quantitative data agreement on the addition of key beneficiaries is evidence in support of design thinking processes affecting the context of stakeholder information. Embracing more contextual stakeholder information results in designers seeking a more comprehensive view of the challenge space. Additionally, analogous research can have a significant effect on comprehension of the challenge space but there is a higher barrier to entry for new practitioners.
Integrating AI with MBSE for Data Extraction from Medical Standards
Authors: Ghanawi Ibrahim , Chami Mohammad Wissam , Chami Mohammad , Coric Marko , Abdoun Nabil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe growing adoption of Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in the medical sector has prompted a significant emphasis on the digitization of medical standards into norm models. This transformation promotes consistency and allows for tracing system model elements to the corresponding norm model elements. Despite these efforts, the current digitization activities heavily rely on manual extraction and transformation, particularly from PDF documents into SysML models. Concurrently, the proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in recent years presents an opportunity to automate such activities. This paper contributes to the integration of AI with MBSE, focusing solely on the extraction and transformation of medical standards information from documents into SysML norm models. It explores the initial outcomes of augmenting data extraction from medical standards using recent AI algorithms and integrating them into MBSE practices. The evaluation involves two approaches, an open‐source multimodal classifier model and a proprietary large language model. The study assesses these approaches on a medical standard and outlines future work, including the exploration of an open‐source large language model approach.
A Systems Perspective on the Public Perception of Wind Power in Norway
Authors: Mathew Manuel S , Mansouri Mo , Kandukuri Surya Teja , Omlin Christian W 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals, a set of ambitious targets embraced by United Nations member states, are designed to meet global challenges head‐on while shaping a sustainable future. Of these, Goal 7, in particular, focuses on the critical need for affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Wind energy holds a significant potential in fulfilling Goal 7 of the sustainable development goals. In Norway, there exists a unique scenario, where nearly 98% of electricity is generated from renewable resources. However, without a subsequent increase in power production, a deficit in power is projected by 2027 according to a short‐term market analysis by Statnett. To prevent this, it is imperative to increase the production of electricity from wind. However, in recent years, there has been a significant rise in opposition towards wind power projects in Norway. Some of the wind power projects have even been put on hold because of the increase in protests. In light of this, we apply systems thinking methodologies to improve our understanding of this complex problem. Initially, we identify the stakeholders in our system of interest and categorize them through stakeholder salience analysis framework. Then, we developed a systemigram to graphically represent the system of interest. Finally, we carry out causal loop analysis to find causal loops in our system of interest. Our primary focus with this work is to better understand the factors shaping public perception of wind power projects in Norway. By gaining a deeper understanding about the factors influencing public perception of wind power projects in Norway, we aim to find better solutions to improve the social acceptance of these initiatives in Norway in future works.
Lifecycle of Accident Pathogens: Common Systemic Factors in Construction System Accidents
Authors: Igarashi Takaharu , Marais Karen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConstruction system accidents are accidents due to defects embedded in the constructed systems (e.g., buildings, bridges, and other infrastructures) originating from failures in construction systems, which we can consider as organic and ephemeral temporary multi‐organizations (TMOs). Understanding the mechanisms of such accidents in transient and multi‐organizational systems requires a system‐wide perspective and consideration of the temporary aspect. This paper examines six accident cases using the framed‐and‐layered accident pathogen propagation (FLAPP) model—‐an accident model we specifically developed to capture system‐wide factors and the time dimension—‐and identifies five types of pathogen threads and eight types of thread elements that contribute to the propagation of latent failures and defects, i.e., accident pathogens. With concrete reference to the processes and products found in accident cases, the concept of pathogen thread provides an explicit structure to the classic metaphor of pathogens that the safety literature has been using to describe latent failures. This paper further proposes the concepts of pathogen susceptibility and transmissibility to explain the mechanisms and dynamics that drive the generation and propagation of accident pathogens. Acknowledging the limitations of the modeling framework, this paper concludes with a discussion of lessons for systems engineering practices and directions for future work to ensure system safety in the construction of systems in various domains.
Real to Real: Deriving Software Development Practices from Film Production Principles
Authors: Hawkey Barry , Vans Marie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoftware development projects face significant risks of going over budget, over schedule, and of failing to deliver expected benefits. These risks have endured despite methodological changes within the industry, such as the rise in popularity of Agile. This research looks outside of the software industry and seeks inspiration from film production, which has developed different management strategies to address challenges similar to those faced by software development projects.First, an analysis of film production project management reveals four principles, each evidenced by a set of practices used throughout the industry. Next, we identify sets of practices that would enable software development projects to also align to those same four principles. The synthesis of each principle from its set of supporting film production practices is then validated through structured interviews with veteran film producers. Lastly, the derivation of each principle to a parallel set of supporting practices within the context of software development is validated in a second series of interviews with experienced software development project managers.In total, this research identifies a set of software development project management practices that mirror film production practices. These practices offer a framework for software development project managers to consider when seeking to tailor existing methodologies, particularly in scenarios that present challenges similar to those encountered in film production.
Model‐Based Cybertronics Systems Engineering (MBCSE)
Authors: Solanti‐Iltanen Susanna , Hall Brendan , Solanti Petri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe cybertronics challenges evolve around the complexity of systems and increase in detail and data involved. Existing methods and tools can master some of the rising challenges, but a method being able to handle the challenges was not introduced yet. MBSE is a potential approach to solve these problems, but the available methods were developed for modeling physical systems and software, not cybertronics. Because of the diversity of implementation domains participating in cybertronics systems, the modeling methodology must support the holistic management of requirements, properties, and design data. This paper introduces some promising emerging technologies like Arcadia, SysML V2, SysMD and PMM, that have the potential to interact with other methods and tools, closing the gaps in requirements tracing, system modeling, documentation, and verification. One potential methodology is introduced through a design example from requirements to implementation interface.