bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of PARK2-Mediated Mitophagy in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenesis
Authors: Kobayashi Kenji , Araya Jun , Minagawa Shunsuke , Hara Hiromichi , Saito Nayuta , Kadota Tsukasa , Sato Nahoko , Yoshida Masahiro , Tsubouchi Kazuya , Kurita Yusuke , Ito Saburo , Fujita Yu , Takasaka Naoki , Utsumi Hirofumi , Yanagisawa Haruhiko , Hashimoto Mitsuo , Wakui Hiroshi , Kojima Jun , Shimizu Kenichiro , Numata Takanori , Kawaishi Makoto , Kaneko Yumi , Asano Hisatoshi , Yamashita Makoto , Odaka Makoto , Morikawa Toshiaki , Nakayama Katsutoshi , Kuwano Kazuyoshi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Fibroblastic foci, known to be the leading edge of fibrosis development in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are composed of fibrogenic myofibroblasts. Autophagy has been implicated in the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation. Insufficient mitophagy, the mitochondria-selective autophagy, results in increased reactive oxygen species, which may modulate cell signaling pathways for myofibroblast differentiation. Therefore, we sought to investigate the regulatory role of mitophagy in myofibroblast differentiation as a part of IPF pathogenesis. Lung fibroblasts were used in in vitro experiments. Immunohistochemical evaluation in IPF lung tissues was performed. PARK2 was examined as a target molecule for mitophagy regulation, and a PARK2 knockout mouse was employed in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model. We demonstrated that PARK2 knockdown-mediated mitophagy inhibition was involved in the mechanism for activation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway accompanied by enhanced myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation, which were clearly inhibited by treatment with both antioxidants and AG1296, a PDGFR inhibitor. Mitophagy inhibition–mediated activation of PDGFR signaling was responsible for further autophagy suppression, suggesting the existence of a self-amplifying loop of mitophagy inhibition and PDGFR activation. IPF lung demonstrated reduced PARK2 with concomitantly increased PDGFR phosphorylation. Furthermore, bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was enhanced in PARK2 knockout mice and subsequently inhibited by AG1296. These findings suggest that insufficient mitophagy-mediated PDGFR/PI3K/AKT activation, which is mainly attributed to reduced PARK2 expression, is a potent underlying mechanism for myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation in fibroblastic foci formation during IPF pathogenesis.
Macro to Nano: Scaling Effects of Bi2Te3 Thermoelectric Generators for Applications in Space
Authors: Smith Christopher James Wallace , Cahill James Sewell , Nuhoglu Altay 
Published: June 2016

For decades research and development has been committed to improving the Figure of Merit (ZT) of Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) Thermoelectric Generators (TEG) and has reached its limit at ≈1. This Meta-study aims to determine if further improvements can be made when the size of TEGs decrease. To quantify the change from macro to nano scale the change in ZT, thermal and electrical conductance, Seebeck coefficient and power factor as the size of the thermoelements decrease has been investigated as well as how Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law holds on the nanoscale. This meta-study was conducted by evaluating and comparing developments in TEGs for the past three decades. Based on theory it was expected that increases in ZT would occur as the thermoelement dimensions are reduced due to increased scattering of electrons and phonons as well as the increased density of electronic states. Increases to ZT due to these effects was not observed in experimental data due to difficulties in nanoscale production. This meta-study observed some indicators that the theory is correct in reduced thermal conduction from increased phonon and electron scattering and that phonon scattering was greater than electron scattering. Furthermore, a weak indication that WF law is not applicable on the nanoscale due to the scattering suggesting a decoupling of electrical and thermal conduction which is not achievable in macro scale TEGs
Data flow of spectral UV measurements at Sodankylä and Jokioinen
Authors: Mäkelä Jakke Sakari , Lakkala Kaisa , Koskela Tapani , Karppinen Tomi , Karhu Juha Matti , Savastiouk Vladimir , Suokanerva Hanne , Kaurola Jussi , Arola Antti , Lindfors Anders Vilhelm , Meinander Outi , de Leeuw Gerrit , Heikkilä Anu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The data flow involved in a long-term continuous solar spectral UV irradiance monitoring program is investigated and structured to provide an overall view on the multiphase process from data acquisition to the final products. The program employing Brewer spectrophotometers as measuring instruments is maintained by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) ever since the 1990s at two sites in Finland: Sodankylä (67° N) and Jokioinen (61° N). It is built upon rigorous operation routines, processing procedures, and tools for quality control (QC) and quality analysis (QA) under continuous development and evaluation. Three distinct levels of data emerge, each after certain phase in the data flow: Level 0 denoting raw data, Level 1 meaning calibrated data processed in near-real time, and Level 2 comprising of postprocessed data corrected for all distinguishable errors and known inaccuracies. The final products disseminated to the users are demonstrated to result from a process with a multitude of separate steps, each required in the production of high-quality data on solar UV radiation at the Earth's surface.
Single questions: Multiple answers for multiple settings
Authors: Lloyd Margaret , Bahr Nan 
Published: June 2016

The six papers in this issue of the<em> Journal of Learning Design </em>deal with some of the perennial questions facing educators and learning designers in higher education. In this issue, university teachers in differing disciplines and from different institutions consider the questions that they find most perplexing. This includes wondering if putting lectures online will affect student attendance, how to set up group work to achieve a fair balance of skills and dispositions and if students have achieved the competency standards that we believe they have. One paper in this issue looks at how academics might meet to regularly and meaningfully share experiences while another asks how to get teaching staff enthusiastic about a new model of teaching, here problem-based learning in small group settings. One author takes a quite technical look at digital objects and works through how these characteristics can affect their learning potential. These are not isolated concerns and the wisdom of the authors in this issue will surely assist others in arriving at their own localised contextualised solutions
INSIGHTS INTO THE PREPARATION OF VINYL POLYBUTADIENE VIA COBALT-BASED CATALYST: TUNING ITS PROPERTIES BY THIOL-ENE MODIFICATION OF VINYL GROUP
Authors: Behera Prasanta Kumar , Mandal Prithwiraj , Maiti Madhuchhanda , Jasra Raksh Vir , Singha Nikhil K. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTElastomers with pendant alkenyl functionality can be easily modified using different types of postpolymerization reactions that lead to improved properties. This investigation reports the preparation of polybutadiene (PB) with control vinyl content by Co-based catalyst followed by modification of vinyl functionality via thiol-ene reaction. In this case, the polymerization of butadiene was carried out in cyclohexane using cobalt octanoate (Co[oct]2) in combination with diethylaluminium chloride (DEAC) and triethylaluminium (TEAL) as cocatalysts. The effects of different parameters, such as the concentration of catalyst and cocatalyst, monomer concentration, and reaction temperature on polymerization of butadiene (BD), were evaluated and optimized to obtain the desired vinyl content in the polymer. The microstructures in PB were investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. Molecular weights and dispersity (Ð) of the polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography analysis. The viscosity average molecular weight was calculated from the intrinsic viscosity [η] using the Mark-Houwink equation. Synthesized vinyl-PB was modified by the thiol-ene reaction using benzyl mercaptan as thiolating agent and 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as an initiator. Thiol-ene modification was confirmed by 1H NMR analysis. Surface characteristics of thiol-modified PB were characterized by goniometer. Thiol-ene–modified PB showed greatly improved adhesive strength in metal–rubber bonding, as determined by lap shear test.
Wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen; nieuw stelsel voor het bouwtoezicht
Authors: Ahraoui R. 
Published: June 2016

Wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen; nieuw stelsel voor het bouwtoezicht
Het langverwachte wetsvoorstel kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen ter introductie van een nieuw stelsel van kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen en versterking van de privaatrechtelijke positie van de bouwconsument is ingediend bij de Tweede Kamer. Bouwpartijen moeten bij het bouwen zelf voorzien in privaatrechtelijk georganiseerd toezicht om te voldoen aan het Bouwbesluit 2012. Dit heeft gevolgen voor het nalevingstoezicht door de gemeente. Ingegaan wordt op de gemaakte keuzes. Tevens wordt ingegaan op de verschillende mogelijkheden waarop het toezicht op de naleving van de regels en afspraken vorm krijgt in het nieuwe stelsel.
Treatment With Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Kidney Injury, Liver Injury, and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Cóndor José M. , Rodrigues Camila E. , de Sousa Moreira Roberto , Canale Daniele , Volpini Rildo A. , Shimizu Maria H.M. , Camara Niels O.S. , Noronha Irene de L. , Andrade Lúcia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The pathophysiology of sepsis involves complex cytokine and inflammatory mediator networks. Downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase contributes to sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction. Human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are known to reduce expression of proinflammatory cytokines and markers of apoptosis. We hypothesized that treatment with WJ-MSCs would protect renal, hepatic, and endothelial function in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated rats; rats submitted to CLP and left untreated; and rats submitted to CLP and intraperitoneally injected, 6 hours later, with 1 × 106 WJ-MSCs. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured at 6 and 24 hours after CLP or sham surgery. All other studies were conducted at 24 hours after CLP or sham surgery. By 6 hours, GFR had decreased in the CLP rats. At 24 hours, Klotho renal expression significantly decreased. Treatment with WJ-MSCs improved the GFR; improved tubular function; decreased the CD68-positive cell count; decreased the fractional interstitial area; decreased expression of nuclear factor κB and of cytokines; increased expression of eNOS, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Klotho; attenuated renal apoptosis; ameliorated hepatic function; increased glycogen deposition in the liver; and improved survival. Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury is a state of Klotho deficiency, which WJ-MSCs can attenuate. Klotho protein expression was higher in WJ-MSCs than in human adipose-derived MSCs. Because WJ-MSCs preserve renal and hepatic function, they might play a protective role in sepsis.

Significance
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. Although many different treatments for sepsis have been tested, sepsis-related mortality rates remain high. It was hypothesized in this study that treatment with human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) would protect renal, hepatic, and endothelial function in a model of sepsis in rats. Treatment with WJ-MSCs improved the glomerular filtration rate, improved tubular function, decreased expression of nuclear factor κB and of cytokines, increased expression of eNOS and of Klotho, attenuated renal apoptosis, and improved survival. Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury is a state of Klotho deficiency, which WJ-MSCs can attenuate.
Stepwise Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Augments Tendon-Like Tissue Formation and Defect Repair In Vivo
Authors: Yin Zi , Guo Jia , Wu Tian-yi , Chen Xiao , Xu Liang-liang , Lin Si-en , Sun Yun-xin , Chan Kai-Ming , Ouyang Hongwei , Li Gang 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Tendon injuries are common and present a clinical challenge, as they often respond poorly to treatment and result in long-term functional impairment. Inferior tendon healing responses are mainly attributed to insufficient or failed tenogenesis. The main objective of this study was to establish an efficient approach to induce tenogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which are the most common seed cells in tendon tissue engineering. First, representative reported tenogenic growth factors were used as media supplementation to induce BMSC differentiation, and the expression of teno-lineage transcription factors and matrix proteins was compared. We found that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 significantly induced teno-lineage-specific gene scleraxis expression and collagen production. TGF-β1 combined with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) elevated tenomodulin and Egr1 expression at day 7. Hence, a stepwise tenogenic differentiation approach was established by first using TGF-β1 stimulation, followed by combination with CTGF for another 7 days. Gene expression analysis showed that this stepwise protocol initiated and maintained highly efficient tenogenesis of BMSCs. Finally, regarding in situ rat patellar tendon repair, tendons treated with induced tenogenic BMSCs had better structural and mechanical properties than those of the control group, as evidenced by histological scoring, collagen I and tenomodulin immunohistochemical staining, and tendon mechanical testing. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a reliable and practical strategy of inducing tenogenesis of BMSCs for tendon regeneration and may enhance the effectiveness of cell therapy in treating tendon disorders.

Significance
The present study investigated the efficiency of representative tenogenic factors on mesenchymal stem cells' tenogenic differentiation and established an optimized stepwise tenogenic differentiation approach to commit tendon lineage differentiation for functional tissue regeneration. The reliable tenogenic differentiation approach for stem cells not only serves as a platform for further studies of underlying molecular mechanisms but also can be used to enhance cell therapy outcome in treating tendon disorders and develop novel therapeutics for tendon injury.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Engineered Cartilage Ameliorates Polyglycolic Acid/Polylactic Acid Scaffold-Induced Inflammation Through M2 Polarization of Macrophages in a Pig Model
Authors: Ding Jinping , Chen Bo , Lv Tao , Liu Xia , Fu Xin , Wang Qian , Yan Li , Kang Ning , Cao Yilin , Xiao Ran 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe regeneration of tissue-engineered cartilage in an immunocompetent environment usually fails due to severe inflammation induced by the scaffold and their degradation products. In the present study, we compared the tissue remodeling and the inflammatory responses of engineered cartilage constructed with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), chondrocytes, or both and scaffold group in pigs. The cartilage-forming capacity of the constructs in vitro and in vivo was evaluated by histological, biochemical, and biomechanical analyses, and the inflammatory response was investigated by quantitative analysis of foreign body giant cells and macrophages. Our data revealed that BMSC-based engineered cartilage suppressed in vivo inflammation through the alteration of macrophage phenotype, resulting in better tissue survival compared with those regenerated with chondrocytes alone or in combination with BMSCs. To further confirm the macrophage phenotype, an in vitro coculture system established by engineered cartilage and macrophages was studied using immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and gene expression analysis. The results demonstrated that BMSC-based engineered cartilage promoted M2 polarization of macrophages with anti-inflammatory phenotypes including the upregulation of CD206, increased IL-10 synthesis, decreased IL-1β secretion, and alterations in gene expression indicative of M1 to M2 transition. It was suggested that BMSC-seeded constructs have the potential to ameliorate scaffold-induced inflammation and improve cartilaginous tissue regeneration through M2 polarization of macrophages.SignificanceFinding a strategy that can prevent scaffold-induced inflammation is of utmost importance for the regeneration of tissue-engineered cartilage in an immunocompetent environment. This study demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-based engineered cartilage could suppress inflammation by increasing M2 polarization of macrophages, resulting in better tissue survival in a pig model. Additionally, the effect of BMSC-based cartilage on the phenotype conversion of macrophages was further studied through an in vitro coculture system. This study could provide further support for the regeneration of cartilage engineering in immunocompetent animal models and provide new insight into the interaction of tissue-engineered cartilage and macrophages.
La diversité, la répartition et l’écologie du complexe d’espèces cryptiques Euytemora affinis, dans la zone d’alevinage de l’estuaire moyen du Saint-Laurent
Authors: Winkler Gesche , Cabrol Jory , Favier Jean-Baptiste 
Published: June 2016

Le copépode calanoïde Eurytemora affinis est un complexe d’espèces clés des réseaux trophiques estuariens. En dominant les communautés planctoniques dans la plupart des estuaires de l’hémisphère nord, E. affinis permet un transfert d’énergies vers les niveaux trophiques supérieurs. Il influence directement le recrutement des espèces de poissons et constitue une espèce clé des zones d’alevinage. E. affinis est en réalité un complexe d’espèces cryptiques composé de 6 clades morphologiquement similaires, mais possédant des histoires évolutives distinctes. Dans la zone de transition estuarienne du Saint-Laurent, 2 clades (Atlantique et Nord-Atlantique) sympatriques, spatialement ségrégués, dominent la communauté zooplanctonique. Chacun des 2 clades semble exploiter différents types d’habitats en fonction de sa tolérance physiologique à la salinité et à la disponibilité de nourriture. Nous discuterons des études récentes en mettant l’accent sur la répartition, la différenciation génétique, mais aussi l’écologique de ces espèces du complexe d’E. affinis afin de mieux comprendre leurs influences respectives sur le fonctionnement et la productivité de l’écosystème unique que représente la zone d’alevinage de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent.
Recharge en sable et revégétalisation de 2 plages de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent, Québec
Authors: Bachand Étienne , Comtois Sophie 
Published: June 2016

En 2012, le comité ZIP (Zone d’intervention prioritaire) du Sud-de-l’Estuaire a réalisé 2 projets de recharge en sable sur des plages du Bas-Saint-Laurent. C’est respectivement 275 m3 et 295m3 de sédiments qui ont été déposés sur une plage de Sainte-Flavie et de Rivière-Ouelle. Les recharges en sable étaient accompagnées d’une revégétalisation à l’aide d’espèces indigènes possédant une forte capacité de rétention des sols. Ces techniques souples de restauration des berges s’appuient sur le principe de la dynamique naturelle des écosystèmes côtiers pour atténuer les effets de l’érosion littorale et diminuer les dégâts liés à la submersion marine. Sur chacun des sites, 100 m linéaires de plage ont été restaurés pour une fraction (453 $/m linéaire) des coûts nécessaires à la construction d’un enrochement (7 000 $/m linéaire). Après 3 années de suivi, on a noté un engraissement et un élargissement des plages ainsi qu’un développement rapide des végétaux dans le milieu. La restauration des écosystèmes littoraux est une solution durable, écologique, peu coûteuse et accessible aux communautés côtières.
Hepatitis C in HIV‐infected individuals: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of estimated prevalence in Africa
Authors: Azevedo Tiago Castro Lopes , Zwahlen Marcel , Rauch Andri , Egger Matthias , Wandeler Gilles 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionAlthough hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening is recommended for all HIV‐infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy, data on epidemiologic characteristics of HCV infection in resource‐limited settings are scarce.MethodsWe searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies assessing the prevalence of HCV infection among HIV‐infected individuals in Africa and extracted data on laboratory methods used. Prevalence estimates from individual studies were combined for each country using random‐effects meta‐analysis. The importance of study design, population and setting as well as type of test (anti‐HCV antibody tests and polymerase chain reactions) was examined with meta‐regression.ResultsThree randomized controlled trials, 28 cohort studies and 121 cross‐sectional analyses with 108,180 HIV‐infected individuals from 35 countries were included. The majority of data came from outpatient populations (55%), followed by blood donors (15%) and pregnant women (14%). Based on estimates from 159 study populations, anti‐HCV positivity prevalence ranged between 3.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–4.7) in Southern Africa and 42.3% (95% CI 4.1–80.5) in North Africa. Study design, type of setting and age distribution did not influence this prevalence significantly. The prevalence of replicating HCV infection, estimated from data of 29 cohorts, was 2.0% (95% CI 1.5–2.6). Ten studies from nine countries reported the HCV genotype of 74 samples, 53% were genotype 1, 24% genotype 2, 14% genotype 4 and 9% genotypes 3, 5 or 6.ConclusionsThe prevalence of anti‐HCV antibodies is high in HIV‐infected patients in Africa, but replicating HCV infection is rare and varies widely across countries.
Ambipolar transistors based on random networks of WS2 nanotubes
Authors: Sugahara Mitsunari , Kawai Hideki , Yomogida Yohei , Maniwa Yutaka , Okada Susumu , Yanagi Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
WS2 nanotubes are rolled multiwalled nanotubes made of a layered material, tungsten disulfide. Their fibril structures enable the fabrication of random network films; however, these films are nonconducting, and thus have not been used for electronic applications. Here, we demonstrate that carrier injection into WS2 networks using an electrolyte gating approach could cause these networks to act as semiconducting channels. We clarify the Raman characteristics of WS2 nanotubes under electrolyte gating and confirm the feasibility of the injection of electrons and holes. We reveal ambipolar behaviors of the WS2 nanotube networks in field-effect transistor setups with electrolyte gating.
Convergence of intense aerial acoustic waves radiated by a rectangular transverse vibrating plate
Authors: Nakai Tomoki , Asami Takuya , Miura Hikaru 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A stripe-mode rectangular transverse vibrating plate can be used as a sound source that emits intense ultrasonic waves in air by placing a jut driving point outside the vibrating plate. The aim of this research was to use this vibrating plate to focus sound waves in the direction perpendicular to the nodal lines of the vibrating plate, which differs from the conventional direction. In this study, we investigated new methods for focusing the emitted sound waves by arranging reflective plates around the vibrating plate, using a design equation for each node between nodes in the vibrating plate, and placing additional reflective plates at an outer position beyond the convergence point, and found that a powerful acoustic field can be formed at an arbitrary position.