bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altitudinal genetic variation among native Pinus patula provenances: performance in two locations, seed zone delineation and adaptation to climate change
Authors: Ruiz-Talonia L. F. , Sánchez-Vargas N. M. , Bayuelo-Jiménez J. S. , Lara-Cabrera S. I. , Sáenz-Romero Cuauhtémoc 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo select the genetic source of Pinus patula Shiede and Deppe seed best adapted to different native zones for reforestation, seedlings of 12 provenances native to a selected altitudinal gradient in Oaxaca, southern Mexico, were planted on two sites at contrasting altitudes (high 3000 m above sea level (masl) and low, 2500 masl) within the species natural distribution, and tested for growth in height at age 18, 24 and 36 months. Differences among provenances and between sites showed significance (p<0.05). Seedling growth showed a climatic and altitudinal pattern, in which seedlings from populations originating in low-middle altitudes had higher growth than populations originating in high altitudes, and from the extreme low altitude limit. Results were used to delineate climatic and altitudinal seed zones for contemporary and future climate zones in the decade centered in year 2030, using the average results of six climate-emissions scenarios. The results indicate that splitting the region into four seed zones is appropriate under contemporary climate scenarios with the following altitude limits: Zone 1, from 2300 to 2500 masl; Zone 2, 2500 to 2700 masl; Zone 3, 2700 to 2900 masl and Zone 4 from 2900 to 3100 masl. The equivalence on climatic intervals was also defined for mean annual temperature, precipitation and an annual aridity index (AAI). Values of contemporary AAI occurring at a given altitude by year 2030 were determined, with results suggesting that populations should be shifted 200 to 250 m attitudinally upward, through a program of assisted migration, to realign them to the future climate for which they are adapted.
Spatial genetic structure in the very rare and species-rich Picea chihuahuana tree community (Mexico)
Authors: Quiñones-Pérez C. Z. , Simental-Rodríguez S. L. , Sáenz-Romero C. , Jaramillo-Correa J. P. , Wehenkel C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn natural plant populations, the spatial genetic structure (SGS) is occasionally associated with evolutionary and ecological features such as the mating system, individual fitness, inbreeding depression and natural selection of the species of interest. The very rare Mexican P. chihuahuana tree community covers an area no more than 300 ha and has been the subject of several studies concerning its ecology and population genetics. The overall aim of most of these studies has been to obtain data to help design preservation and conservation strategies. However, analysis of the fine-scale SGS in this special forest tree community has not yet been conducted, which might help enrich the above mentioned conservation programs. In this study, we examined the SGS of this community, mostly formed by P. chihuahuana Martínez, Pinus strobiformis Ehrenberg ex Schlechtendah, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and Populus tremuloides Michx, in 14 localities at both the fine and large scales, with the aim of obtaining a better understanding of evolutionary processes. We observed a non-significant autocorrelation in fine-scale SGS, suggesting that the genetic variants of all four tree species are randomly distributed in space within each sampled plot of 50 x 50 m. At the larger scale, the autocorrelation was highly significant for P. chihuahuana and P. menziesii, probably as a result of insufficient gene flow due to the extreme population isolation and small sizes. For these two species our results provided strong support for the theory of isolation by distance.
Association mapping for resin yield in Pinus roxburghii Sarg. using microsatellite markers
Authors: Rawat Anita , Barthwal S. , Ginwal H. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAssociation mapping is a method for detection of gene effects based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) that complements QTL analysis in the development of tools for molecular plant breeding. A total of 240 genotypes of Pinus roxburghii (Himalayan Chir Pine) from a natural population in Chakrata division (Tiunee range), Uttarakhand (India) were evaluated for resin yield. Based on the phenotypic data and stable resin production in consecutive years, 53 genotypes were selected after excluding the individuals with similar resin production. The selected 53 individuals were best representatives of the variation in resin yield in Chakrata population which varied between 0.25 and 8.0 kg/tree/year and were used for genotyping and association analysis using SSR markers. Out of 80 primers initially screened, a total of 19 polymorphic SSRs (11 cpSSR and 8 nSSR) were used in the study. Model based clustering using 19 polymorphic SSR markers identified five subpopulations among these genotypes. LD was evaluated using the entire population. The squared allele frequency correlation, r2 was estimated for each pair of SSR loci. The comparison wise significance (p-values) of SSR marker pairs was determined by performing 100,000 permutations. The genetic divergence ranged from 50 to 100%. The UPGMA based hierarchial clustering grouped the genotypes in accordance with their resin yield. Model based clustering suggested the existence of five subpopulations in the sample. However, the distribution of P. roxburghii genotypes into five subpopulations had no correlation with their resin yield thus ruling out the possibility of any ancestral relationship among the genotypes with similar resin yield. AMOVA suggested that the variation among P. roxburghii genotypes at the molecular level was related with the variation in resin yield and not their site of collection thus highlighting the genetic basis of the trait. LD based association analysis revealed two chloroplast SSRs Pt71936 and Pt87268 and one nuclear SSR pm09a to be in significant association with resin yield. The two associated chloroplast SSRs showed significant LD (p<0.01). One of the chloroplast SSR Pt87268 showing association with resin yield was also found to be in significant LD with the nuclear SSR pm07, further showing the probability of this marker also to be associated with resin yield.
Evaluation of the growth traits of Toxicodendron vernicifluum progeny based on their genetic groups assigned using new microsatellite markers
Authors: Hiraoka Yuichiro , Hanaoka S. , Watanabe A. , Kawahara T. , Tabata M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractToxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F. A. Barkley is a tree species cultivated in Japan for production of Japanese lacquer. To facilitate the low-cost improvement of T. vernicifluum, we developed microsatellite markers for DNA fingerprinting and family and lineage reconstruction. Nine useful microsatellites were developed, with 3 to 23 alleles per locus and an expected heterozygosity of 0.162-0.838 based on a commercially planted population that included 783 offspring. Six clusters were detected in this population based on the Bayesian clustering method, and 93 half-sib families were identified using parentage and sibship assignment analysis based on a maximum likelihood method. Many members (40-96%) of large (≥10) half-sib families included specific clusters, and members from different families included the same clusters. The cluster effect for tree height was more significant than the half-sib family effect using a linear mixed model, although these effects were not significant for other traits (diameter at breast height and number of forked trunks). Based on the findings from pedigree reconstruction, backward selection for tree height seems possible. We discuss the direction of research for improving T. vernicifluum using our proposed approach.
Estimation of genetic parameters for height using spatial analysis in Tsuga heterophylla full-sibling family trials in British Columbia
Authors: Cappa Eduardo Pablo , Yanchuk A. D. , Cartwright C. V. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Non-spatial and spatial analyses were carried out to study the effects on genetic parameters in ten-year height growth data across two series of 10 large second-generation full-sib progeny trials of western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.] in British Columbia. To account for different and complex patterns of environmental heterogeneity, spatial single trial analyses were conducted using an individual-tree mixed model with a two-dimensional smoothing surface with tensor product of B-spline bases. The spatial single trial analysis, in all cases, showed sizeable lower Deviance Information Criterion values relative to the non-spatial analysis. Also, fitting a surface displayed a consistent reduction in the posterior mean as well as a decrease in the standard deviations of error variance, no appreciable changes in the additive variance, an increase of individual narrow-sense heritability, and accuracy of breeding values. The tensor product of cubic basis functions of B-spline based on a mixed model framework does provide a useful new alternative to model different and complex patterns of spatial variability within sites in forest genetic trials. Individual narrow-sense heritabilities estimates from the spatial single trial analyses were low (average of 0.06), but typical of this species. Estimated dominance relative to additive variances were unstable across sites (from 0.00 to 1.59). The implications of these estimations will be discussed with respect to the western hemlock genetic improvement program in British Columbia.
Fertility Variation and its Impact on Effective Population Size in Seed Stands of Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica
Authors: Kamalakannan R. , Varghese M. , Park J.-M. , Kwon S.-H. , Song J.-H. , Kang Kyu-Suk 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGrowth and reproductive traits were assessed in seed stands of two native Indian tree species Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica. Positive correlation between growth (height and GBH) and reproductive traits (male and female contribution) were found in both species. Fertility was estimated from the flower and fruit production of individuals. Based on the fertility variation among individuals, parental balance, femaleness index and status number (Ns) were determined. The option of equal seed collection among individuals was also considered for estimating Ns. The percentage of fertile trees was higher in the high flowering year in both species. The best male contributing individuals also showed high female contribution (fruit production). The parental contribution in seed stands showed high deviation from expectation; 20% individuals contributed about 70% of male and female gametes in both species. Femaleness index showed that female and male contribution of individual tree was more balanced in the good flowering year, compared to the poor year. Coefficient of variation in male and female fertility was higher in the low flowering year resulting in high fertility variation among individuals and low status number. In T. indica, the female contribution was less variable compared to that of male fertility whereas in A. indica the female fertility variation was higher than that of male fertility. The relative status number (Nr= Ns/N) of the stands was lower for male and female fertility compared to the combined (male and female) fertility of individual trees.
Inducing genetic variation in growth related characteristics of poplar germplasm, by producing inter-specific hybrids between P. alba and P. euphratica
Authors: Mirzaie-Nodoushan H. , Ghamari-Zare A. , Rad F. Tavousi , Yousefifard M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Crosses were made between two Populus species to create two hybrid groups, P. alba ♀ * P. euphratica ♂ and P. euphratica ♀ * P. alba ♂. Aseptic immature hybrid seeds were first grown on MS medium. Hybrid seedlings were then acclimatized and grown in greenhouse conditions and transplanted to an experimental field. Growth related characteristics were recorded on 307 three years-old seedlings of new inter-specific hybrids of six half-sib families, in order to assess possible potentials of the two hybrid groups. Double nested analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the hybrid groups and siblings based on majority of the studied characters. The hybrid groups formed two distinct groups for some of the studied characteristics which implied maternal effects of inheritance on the traits. The first hybrid group had more but shorter and closer branches than the second group. Adaxial stomata number for the two hybrid groups varied between 4.7 to 123. Whereas, there were no such strong differences between vegetative characteristics of the two groups. The second hybrid group had a very condense layer of white fuzz on its abaxial leaf surface, inherited from its female parents. This may lead to suggest some kinds of photosynthesis and respiration functions such as leaf sub-stomatal chambers’ functions for the mentioned fuzzy trichomes of the second hybrid group and their female parental species, P. alba. In essence, 307 new divergent poplar hybrid genotypes were produced by which ecological zone of poplar species could be extended in the country as well as high yielding genotypes would be promising.
Genetic Parameters of Interspecific Hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla Seedlings and Cuttings
Authors: Berg G. J. van den , Verryn S. D. , Chirwa P. W. , Deventer F. Van 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The current E. grandis × E. urophylla hybrid breeding strategy of South Africa’s Forestry Industry is to maintain large breeding populations of both parental species in which parents are selected based on their general combining ability (GCA) estimates or predicted individual tree breeding values and are used for interspecific hybrid crosses. The hybrid material is first screened in seedling progeny trials after which superior individuals are selected and tested as clones. Although this strategy has delivered superior clones for commercial production in South Africa, it is a time consuming strategy to follow and more cost effective strategies are being investigated. In order to review the current hybrid breeding strategy, information on the genetic control of the traits of interest is needed for E. grandis × E. urophylla seedling and clonal populations. The main objectives of this study were therefore to firstly estimate genetic parameters for E. grandis × E. urophylla hybrid seedling and clonal populations; secondly to investigate the correlation between E. grandis and E. urophylla parental (GCA) or individual breeding values and their general hybridising ability (GHA); and lastly to determine the correlation between E. grandis × E. urophylla hybrid seedling ortets and their ramets.
Results of our study indicated that non-additive genetic variation explained the majority of the total genetic variation in E. grandis × E. urophylla seedling and clonal populations. Due to the pre-eminence of non-additive variance, the pure-hybrid correlations were weak, especially for clonal populations. It would therefore seem that GCA or predicted individual breeding values are not good predictors of GHA for growth performance in the observed populations. Our study also indicated a weak coefficient of correlation between the growth performance of seedling ortets and their ramets. These results suggest that: firstly a hybrid breeding strategy to capture non-additive genetic variation should be adopted; and secondly that the first phase of screening E. grandis × E. urophylla hybrid material as seedlings should be revisited.
Observation of Women Soccer Players' Physiology During a Single Season
Authors: Paulsen Kathleen M. , Butts Cory L. , McDermott Brendon P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Paulsen, KM, Butts, CL, and McDermott, BP. Observation of women soccer players' physiology during a single season. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1702–1707, 2018—The purpose of this study was to observe heart rate (HR) responses in match settings over the course of a conference season in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's soccer. Twenty-one female collegiate soccer players were provided a HR monitor and instructed to wear it for the duration of match play. Player positions included 6 defenders (DEF), 6 midfielders (MID), and 9 forwards (FWD). Defenders were further identified as either center defenders (CD) or outside defenders (OD). A 1-way analysis of variance was used to determine if mean HR varied between FWD, MID, and DEF. An independent t-test was used to determine if there was a difference between CD and OD HRs. The FWD, MID, and DEF did have significantly different mean HR (p ≤ 0.05), but post-hoc analysis revealed no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05). However, CD demonstrated significantly lower HRs than OD (p = 0.009). Player position, specifically in the CD and OD role, impact the intensity of exercise in match settings and may be used to specify training and conditioning sessions.
Endemic goitre and hypothyroidism in an adult female patient dependent on total parenteral nutrition
Authors: Pearson S , Donnellan C , Turner L , Noble E , Seejore K , Murray R D 
Published: June 2017

Summary
We present the case of a thirty-year-old female patient who was referred to the endocrinology team with an enlarging goitre and biochemical hypothyroidism. She had been dependent on total parenteral nutrition for the previous six years as a result of intestinal failure thought to be caused by possible underlying mitochondrial disease. The patient also suffers from a Desmin myopathy, and at present, the exact aetiology behind her intestinal failure is not certain. The goitre was smooth and had been enlarging slowly over the previous few months. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies were found to be within normal range. Further analysis of the case showed that twelve months earlier the patients total parenteral nutrition (TPN) feed had been altered as a result of manganese toxicity. The current feeding regimen did not contain a trace element additive which had previously supplied iodine supplementation. A little detective work established that iodine content to the TPN had been reduced, the trace element additive (Additrace) was recommenced providing 1 µmol of iodine per day, equating to 130 µg of iodine. Following this change, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels returned to normal and the goitre quickly reduced in size. We present a rare case of endemic goitre and hypothyroidism in a patient receiving inadequate iodine supplementation through total parenteral nutrition.

Learning points:

Endemic goitre and hypothyroidism secondary to iodine deficiency are rare in the developed world. However, the diagnosis should be considered in the setting of a diffuse goitre and negative thyroid antibodies.

Although rare, endemic goitre should be considered in patients who present with hypothyroidism and who are dependent on total parenteral nutrition.

Treatment with levothyroxine is not required in endemic goitre as thyroid function tests generally normalise with the addition of iodine to the diet/total parenteral nutrition regimen.

Iodine supplementation at a level recommended by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) was observed to quickly normalise this patient’s thyroid function tests.
Painful ovulation in a 46,XX SRY −ve adult male with SOX9 duplication
Authors: Shankara Narayana Nandini , Kean Anne-Maree , Ewans Lisa , Ohnesorg Thomas , Ayers Katie L , Watson Geoff , Vasilaras Arthur , Sinclair Andrew H , Twigg Stephen M , Handelsman David J 
Published: June 2017

Summary
46,XX disorders of sexual development (DSDs) occur rarely and result from disruptions of the genetic pathways underlying gonadal development and differentiation. We present a case of a young phenotypic male with 46,XX SRY-negative ovotesticular DSD resulting from a duplication upstream of SOX9 presenting with a painful testicular mass resulting from ovulation into an ovotestis. We present a literature review of ovulation in phenotypic men and discuss the role of SRY and SOX9 in testicular development, including the role of SOX9 upstream enhancer region duplication in female-to-male sex reversal.

Learning points:

In mammals, the early gonad is bipotent and can differentiate into either a testis or an ovary. SRY is the master switch in testis determination, responsible for differentiation of the bipotent gonad into testis.

SRY activates SOX9 gene, SOX9 as a transcription factor is the second major gene involved in male sex determination. SOX9 drives the proliferation of Sertoli cells and activates AMH/MIS repressing the ovary. SOX9 is sufficient to induce testis formation and can substitute for SRY function.

Assessing karyotype and then determination of the presence or absence of Mullerian structures are necessary serial investigations in any case of DSD, except for mixed gonadal dysgenesis identified by karyotype alone.

Treatment is ideal in a multidisciplinary setting with considerations to genetic (implications to family and reproductive recurrence risk), psychological aspects (sensitive individualized counseling including patient gender identity and preference), endocrinological (hormone replacement), surgical (cosmetic, prophylactic gonadectomy) fertility preservation and reproductive opportunities and metabolic health (cardiovascular and bones).
Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 affect the severity of Graves’ disease
Authors: Di Cerbo Alfredo , Pezzuto Federica , Di Cerbo Alessandro 
Published: June 2017

Summary
Graves’ disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism in iodine-replete countries, is associated with the presence of immunoglobulins G (IgGs) that are responsible for thyroid growth and hyperfunction. In this article, we report the unusual case of a patient with acromegaly and a severe form of Graves’ disease. Here, we address the issue concerning the role of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in influencing thyroid function. Severity of Graves’ disease is exacerbated by coexistent acromegaly and both activity indexes and symptoms and signs of Graves’ disease improve after the surgical remission of acromegaly. We also discuss by which signaling pathways GH and IGF1 may play an integrating role in regulating the function of the immune system in Graves’ disease and synergize the stimulatory activity of Graves’ IgGs.

Learning points:

Clinical observations have demonstrated an increased prevalence of euthyroid and hyperthyroid goiters in patients with acromegaly.

The coexistence of acromegaly and Graves’ disease is a very unusual event, the prevalence being <1%.

Previous in vitro studies have showed that IGF1 synergizes the TSH-induced thyroid cell growth-activating pathways independent of TSH/cAMP/PKA cascade.

We report the first case of a severe form of Graves’ disease associated with acromegaly and show that surgical remission of acromegaly leads to a better control of symptoms of Graves’ disease.