bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The PHR proteins: intracellular signaling hubs in neuronal development and axon degeneration
Authors: Grill Brock , Murphey Rodney K. , Borgen Melissa A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
During development, a coordinated and integrated series of events must be accomplished in order to generate functional neural circuits. Axons must navigate toward target cells, build synaptic connections, and terminate outgrowth. The PHR proteins (consisting of mammalian Phr1/MYCBP2, Drosophila Highwire and C. elegans RPM-1) function in each of these events in development. Here, we review PHR function across species, as well as the myriad of signaling pathways PHR proteins regulate. These findings collectively suggest that the PHR proteins are intracellular signaling hubs, a concept we explore in depth. Consistent with prominent developmental functions, genetic links have begun to emerge between PHR signaling networks and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia and intellectual disability. Finally, we discuss the recent and important finding that PHR proteins regulate axon degeneration, which has further heightened interest in this fascinating group of molecules.
Characterization of grafted jute fiber using acrylate monomers pretreated with alkali
Authors: Mondal Md. Ibrahim H. , Khan Md. Mashiur Rahman , Islam Md. Mofakkharul , Islam Md. Saiful , Rabbi M. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe reactivity of lingocellulosic jute fiber to sunlight (UV) and atmospheric gases and chemicals was reduced by grafting jute with acrylate monomers, such as ethyl acrylate (EA) and 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The grafting reaction sufficiently blocked the reactive groups of jute and thus, physically- and chemically-bound cellulosic units and on the fiber surface. The grafting gave additional strength, higher thermal stability and improved surface smoothness. Though the modified fibers showed better color fastness properties in sunlight, the dyeability of the modified fibers somewhat decreased. Grafting reaction and other characteristics of modified fibers were investigated with FT-IR, tensile tester, thermogravimeric analyser, and grey scale respectively. The change of surface morphology of the jute fiber on modification was also observed with a scanning electron microscopy. Modification of bleached jute and alkali-activated bleached jute with HEMA gave higher graft yield (26.6, 29.4 %) than that of EA modification (22.5, 24.7 %). Due to the different chemical features, HEMA-modified fiber exhibited better chemical, thermal and physical properties.
Glycobiology simplified: diverse roles of glycan recognition in inflammation
Authors: Schnaar Ronald L 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGlycans and complementary glycan-binding proteins are essential components in the language of cell-cell interactions in immunity. The study of glycan function is the purview of glycobiology, which has often been presented as an unusually complex discipline. In fact, the human glycome, composed of all of its glycans, is built primarily from only 9 building blocks that are combined by enzymes (writers) with specific and limited biosynthetic capabilities into a tractable and increasingly accessible number of potential glycan patterns that are functionally read by several dozen human glycan-binding proteins (readers). Nowhere is the importance of glycan recognition better understood than in infection and immunity, and knowledge in this area has already led to glycan mimetic anti-infective and anti-inflammatory drugs. This review includes a brief tutorial on human glycobiology and a limited number of specific examples of glycan-binding protein-glycan interactions that initiate and regulate inflammation. Examples include representatives from different glycan-binding protein families, including the C-type lectins (E-selectin, P-selectin, dectin-1, and dectin-2), sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins 8 and 9), galectins (galectin-1, galectin-3, and galectin-9), as well as hyaluronic acid-binding proteins. As glycoscience technologies advance, opportunities for enhanced understanding of glycans and their roles in leukocyte cell biology provide increasing opportunities for discovery and therapeutic intervention.
Reduced Perinatal Leptin Availability May Contribute to Adverse Metabolic Programming in a Rat Model of Uteroplacental Insufficiency
Authors: Nüsken Eva , Wohlfarth Maria , Lippach Gregor , Rauh Manfred , Schneider Holm , Dötsch Jörg , Nüsken Kai-Dietrich 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Leptin availability in perinatal life critically affects metabolic programming. We tested the hypothesis that uteroplacental insufficiency and intrauterine stress affect perinatal leptin availability in rat offspring. Pregnant rats underwent bilateral uterine vessel ligation (LIG; n = 14), sham operation (SOP; n = 12), or no operation (controls, n = 14). Fetal livers (n = 180), placentas (n = 180), and maternal blood were obtained 4 hours (gestational day [E] 19), 24 hours (E20), and 72 hours (E22) after surgery. In the offspring, we took blood samples on E22 (n = 44), postnatal day (P) 1 (n = 29), P2 (n = 16), P7 (n = 30), and P12 (n = 30). Circulating leptin (ELISA) was significantly reduced in LIG (E22, P1, P2) and SOP offspring (E22). Postnatal leptin surge was delayed in LIG but was accelerated in SOP offspring. Placental leptin gene expression (quantitative RT-PCR) was reduced in LIG (E19, E20, E22) and SOP (E20, E22). Hepatic leptin receptor (Lepr-a, mediating leptin degradation) gene expression was increased in LIG fetuses (E20, E22) only. Surprisingly, hypoxia-inducible factors (Hif; Western blot) were unaltered in placentas and were reduced in the livers of LIG (Hif1a, E20; Hif2a, E19, E22) and SOP (Hif2a, E19) fetuses. Gene expression of prolyl hydroxylase 3, a factor expressed under hypoxic conditions contributing to Hif degradation, was increased in livers of LIG (E19, E20, E22) and SOP (E19) fetuses and in placentas of LIG and SOP (E19). In summary, reduced placental leptin production, increased fetal leptin degradation, and persistent perinatal hypoleptinemia are present in intrauterine growth restriction offspring, especially after uteroplacental insufficiency, and may contribute to perinatal programming of leptin resistance and adiposity in later life.
The paracaspase MALT1 cleaves the LUBAC subunit HOIL1 during antigen receptor signaling
Authors: Douanne Tiphaine , Gavard Julie , Bidère Nicolas 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Antigen-receptor-mediated activation of lymphocytes relies on a signalosome comprising CARMA1 (also known as CARD11), BCL10 and MALT1 (the CBM complex). The CBM activates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factors by recruiting the ‘linear ubiquitin assembly complex’ (LUBAC), and unleashes MALT1 paracaspase activity. Although MALT1 enzyme shapes NF-κB signaling, lymphocyte activation and contributes to lymphoma growth, the identity of its substrates continues to be elucidated. Here, we report that the LUBAC subunit HOIL1 (also known as RBCK1) is cleaved by MALT1 following antigen receptor engagement. HOIL1 is also constitutively processed in the ‘activated B-cell-like’ (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which exhibits aberrant MALT1 activity. We further show that the overexpression of MALT1-insensitive HOIL1 mitigates T-cell-receptor-mediated NF-κB activation and subsequent cytokine production in lymphocytes. Thus, our results unveil HOIL1 as a negative regulator of lymphocyte activation cleaved by MALT1. This cleavage could therefore constitute an appealing therapeutic target for modulating immune responses.
Religious Fanaticism and Religious Extremism As the Factors Promoting Recruitment of Suicide Bombers
Authors: Жезлов  , Zhezlov Nikolay 
Published: March 2016

In this article the role and value of radical religious views
in the course of recruitment of suicide bombers, and also in the
general system of the factors which are negatively influencing social
and ethical climate is analyzed. Definitions to such concepts as
&#34;religionism&#34; and &#34;religious extremism&#34;, the reasons increasing the
number of the single terrorist attacks conducted by terrorists suicide
bombers are called. The special attention is paid to process of recruitment
in the terrorist organizations. Ways of elimination of the
called problem are reflected, and also the role of correctional facilities
of criminal and executive system in the course of the prevention
of the terrorism based on religious ideas is designated. Relevance
of the topic covered in article is caused by growth of number of the
negative situations connected with manifestation of extremism,
religious strife, the interfaith conflicts and increase of activity of
the terrorist organizations using religious ideology for promotion
and justification of the activity.
Hallux valgus, ankle osteoarthrosis and adult acquired flatfoot deformity: a review of three common foot and ankle pathologies and their treatments
Authors: Crevoisier Xavier , Assal Mathieu , Stanekova Katarina 
Published: March 2016

The pathogenesis of hallux valgus deformity is multifactorial. Conservative treatment can alleviate pain but is unable to correct the deformity. Surgical treatment must be adapted to the type and severity of the deformity. Success of surgical treatment ranges from 80% to 95%, and complication rates range from 10% to 30%. Ankle osteoarthrosis most commonly occurs as a consequence of trauma. Ankle arthrodesis and total ankle replacement are the most common surgical treatments of end stage ankle osteoarthrosis. Both types of surgery result in similar clinical improvement at midterm; however, gait analysis has demonstrated the superiority of total ankle replacement over arthrodesis. More recently, conservative surgery (extraarticular alignment osteotomies) around the ankle has gained popularity in treating early- to mid-stage ankle osteoarthrosis. Adult acquired flatfoot deformity is a consequence of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction in 80% of cases. Classification is based upon the function of the tibialis posterior tendon, the reducibility of the deformity, and the condition of the ankle joint. Conservative treatment includes orthotics and eccentric muscle training. Functional surgery is indicated for treatment in the early stages. In case of fixed deformity, corrective and stabilising surgery is performed. Cite this article: Crevoisier X, Assal M, Stanekova K. Hallux valgus, ankle osteoarthrosis and adult acquired flatfoot deformity: a review of three common foot and ankle pathologies and their treatments. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:58–64. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000015.
Publication Reviews
Authors: Briggs-Goode Amanda , Olding Simon , Clarkson Dr Verity 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
BE.HIVE UK Pavilion, Wolfgang Buttress (2015) Nottingham, UK: Wolfgang Buttress Studio, 128 pp., ISBN: 9780993285509, s/bk, £32.00
The Walter C. Koerner Collection of European Ceramics: A Discerning Eye, Carol E. Mayer (2014) Vancouver: Museum of Anthropology, the University of British Columbia, 172 pp., ISBN: 9781927958186, h/bk, $45.00
Crafting Design in Italy: From Post-War to Postmodernism, Catharine Rossi (2015) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 219 pp., ISBN: 9780719089404, h/bk, £70.00
The ‘new’ craft phenomena and the contemporary museum
Authors: Budge Kylie 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
By attending to the rise of craft, museums can play an important role in asking questions about the material culture, context and the cultural life extending from craft. This article explores the relationships between the museum and current wave of craft. I argue that, as custodians and translators of material culture, museums are positioned powerfully to attend to matters of craft in ways that allow for the interpretation of a changing cultural phenomenon. I do so by exploring the extent to which the ‘third wave’ of craft has infiltrated public, cultural and scholarly life. This is considered in the context of the contemporary museum with regard to implications for museum positioning and practice.
Cinema, thought, immanence: Contemplating signs and empty spaces in the films of Ozu
Authors: Lapworth Andrew 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In his two-volume study of the cinema, Deleuze develops a novel conception of film in terms of its relation to the intensive becomings of thought. Great directors, for Deleuze, are those who invent images that stage disruptions to the habits of ordinary perception, forcing us to think and feel differently. It is precisely in terms of the production of a different style of cinematic thinking that we might frame encounters with the films of director Ozu Yasujiro¯ , who I argue inaugurates a cinema in which contemplation replaces the primacy and certainties of action. Following Deleuze’s ([1968] 2004) rethinking of ‘contemplation’ as immanent event rather than subjective transcendence, I explore how Ozu’s cinema generates transformative modes of thinking the city, uncoupling urban spaces from the requirements of dramatic action such that they become expressive sites of indeterminate signs and affects. By dramatizing these immanent thresholds of affective and spatial becomings, I argue Ozu’s contemplative cinema directs us towards new possible openings of thought to a politics of the virtual.
Topographies of liminality in 1960s’ New York underground cinema: Peter Emanuel Goldman’s Echoes of Silence (1965)
Authors: Hummel Berit 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the 1950s and 1960s, western metropolises were undergoing major changes in their structure, some of the biggest caused by adapting urban infrastructure to the new society based on individual mobility and progress. This article investigates the relationship between cinema and the city by focusing on a category of independent cinema that most directly relates to its everyday urban environment. Working with Deleuze’s taxonomic approach of interrogating filmic images regarding the concepts they produce, the co-production of filmic and urban space in 1960s New York underground cinema is analysed through a close reading of Peter Emanuel Goldman’s Echoes of Silence, a study of the bohemian Greenwich Village milieu and its social types. The production of the urban experience through the filmic form of the balade is the main focus. In asking how the movements of a drifting protagonist produce a spatiality that relates to constitutive societal conflicts, this article argues that the filmic images contribute to the way its viewers perceive their urban environment, in that they generate new concepts, not only on cinema but also on the city.
A Web e o documentário: uma dupla inseparável?
Authors: Penafria Manuela 
Published: March 2016

O webdocumentário é discutido enquanto obra que, no âmbito do atual panorama de produção artística, contribui não apenas para uma evolução do documentário, que se torna interativo mas, também, para uma evolução das tecnologias digitais interativas. Entendo o webdocumentário como um recorte do mundo da vida com dois tipos de abordagem: centrada e global, a que correspondem uma navegação disseminada e cumulativa, respetivamente e nas quais o utilizador assume o papel de explorador.
Effets de présence, délocalisations et relocalisations des images : le médium en quête d’espace ?
Authors: Léon Benjamin Philippe 
Published: March 2016

Retour sur la “XII MAGIS - Gorizia International Film Studies Spring School”, qui aura permis durant une semaine d’élaborer une somme de réflexions autour des images à l’heure du contemporain. Une conférence aux réflexions stimulantes et stimulées par l’approche plurielle du “FilmForum”.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Selected Treatments of Nosema Spp. Infection by the Hemocytometric Method and Duplex Pcr
Authors: Michalczyk Maria , Sokół Rajmund , Koziatek Sylwia 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an increase in the mortality of honey bees in many regions of the world. The observed decrease in the bee population results from a combination of factors, and microsporidian parasites Nosema apis and N. ceranae are among the main contributors. Those parasites cause a microsporidian infection that shortens the lifespan of bees and reduces the productivity of bee colonies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Nozevit, Api Herb and ApiX (acetylsalicylic acid + Artemisia absinthium L. extract) in the control of infections caused by Nosema spp. in a field experiment. Two groups of worker bees were evaluated - hive bees and forager bees returning to the hive. The effect of the analyzed therapies on the number of spores and the microsporidia species were analyzed by the hemocytometric method and duplex PCR. A statistical analysis revealed that the applied treatments had reduced the number of spores by 31.15% on average. In hive bees, Nosema spp. infection was most effectively reduced by Nozevit (67.85%) and ApiX (63.36%). Coinfections (N. ceranae and N. apis) were affirmed in all bee samples before treatments. However, after the treatments, single infection of N. apis and N. ceranae were detected. The tested treatments were more effective in the control of N. apis than N. ceranae.
Haemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome in Fattenig Pigs
Authors: Novotný Jaroslav , Reichel Peter , Kovačocyová Katarína , Cigánková Viera , Almášiová Viera , Šipoš Dioníz 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the possible causes of sudden death in fattening pigs associated with haemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) in a commercial pig farm (Eastern Slovakia). The etiology and pathogenesis of haemorrhagic bowel syndrome is not clearly defined within the scientific community. For this reason, clinical examination and sampling from 90 kg finisher pigs was done. Samples of blood, faeces, and rectal swabs were taken for haematological, serological, bacteriological, virological, and parasitological examination. Necropsy and sampling was also conducted on the carcasses of 90 kg finisher pigs that died peracutely during the investigation period. Three weeks later, during slaughter of the same group of pigs, goal-directed investigation and sampling from the gastrointestinal system for histological examination was performed. Results show the presence of bloody diarrhoea caused by L. intracellularis, C. perfringens typ A and haemolytic E. coli. Inflammation and loss of blood led to moderate normochromic (haemoglobin 12.85±0.95 g.dl-1) normocytic anaemia (erythrocytes 3.38±0.17 T.l-1), hydremia (haematocrit 0.17±0.01 l.l-1) and mild leukocytosis (18.7±4.68 G.l-1). Diagnostic necropsy confirmed the picture of “haemorrhagic bowel syndrome„ caused by infection and subsequent enterotoxemia without presence of gastric or intestinal displacement. Slaughter examination showed picture of proliferative ileitis typical for L. intracellularis. On the basis of our examinations, a major role in haemorrhagic bowel syndrome played infectious agents such as L. intracellularis, C. perfringens typ A and haemolytic E. coli. Negative findings of salmonellosis, dysentery, feed mycotoxins, intestinal parasites, and pollution of drinking water exclude these factors from the etiology of haemorrhagic bowel syndrome.
Voltage stability in low voltage microgrids in aspects of active and reactive power demand
Authors: Parol Mirosław , Rokicki Łukasz 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Low voltage microgrids are autonomous subsystems, in which generation, storage and power and electrical energy consumption appear. In the paper the main attention has been paid to the voltage stability issue in low voltage microgrid for different variants of its operation. In the introduction a notion of microgrid has been presented, and also the issue of influence of active and reactive power balance on node voltage level has been described. Then description of voltage stability issue has been presented. The conditions of voltage stability and indicators used to determine voltage stability margin in the microgrid have been described. Description of the low voltage test microgrid, as well as research methodology along with definition of considered variants of its operation have been presented further. The results of exemplary calculations carried out for the daily changes in node load of the active and reactive power, i.e. the voltage and the voltage stability margin indexes in nodes have been presented. Furthermore, the changes of voltage stability margin indexes depending on the variant of the microgrid operation have been presented. Summary and formulation of conclusions related to the issue of voltage stability in microgrids have been included at the end of the paper.
Three phase active power filter with selective harmonics elimination
Authors: Sozański Krzysztof 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper describes a three phase shunt active power filter with selective harmonics elimination. The control algorithm is based on a digital filter bank. The moving Discrete Fourier Transformation is used as an analysis filter bank. The correctness of the algorithm has been verified by simulation and experimental research. The paper includes exemplary results of current waveforms and their spectra from a three phase active power filter.
Spectral and integral methods of determining parameters in selected electric arc models with a forced sinusoid current circuit
Authors: Sawicki Antoni , Haltof Maciej 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper discusses problems arising in attempts to accurately represent dynamic processes of an electric arc by means of simple mathematical models. It describes the properties of the universal Pentegov model, employing any shape of static voltagecurrent characteristics of an arc. Next, it presents spectral and integral measuring methods for determining arc parameters in the Mayr, Cassie and Pentegov models of the electric arc with a forced sinusoid current circuit, with the raising static characteristics of hyperbolic-flat and hyperbolic-linear shape. The influence is discussed of the random power supply disturbances on errors of determining the mathematical model parameters.
Thirty-six pulse rectifier scheme based on zigzag auto-connected transformer
Authors: Xiao-Qiang Chen , Chun-Ling Hao , Hao Qiu , Min Li 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a low kilo-volt-ampere rating zigzag connected autotransformer based 36-pulse rectifier system supplying vector controlled induction motor drives (VCIMD) is designed, modeled and simulated. Detailed design procedure and magnetic rating calculation of the proposed autotransformer and interphase reactor is studied. Moreover, the design process of the autotransformer is modified to make it suitable for retrofit applications. Simulation results confirm that the proposed 36-pulse rectifier system is able to suppress less than 35thharmonics in the utility line current. The influence of load variation and load character is also studied to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed 36-pulse rectifiers. A set of power quality indices at AC mains and DC link are presented to compare the performance of 6-, 24- and 36-pulse AC-DC converters.
Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction for biological tissue imaging: numerical modelling and simulations
Authors: Żywica Adam Ryszard 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Many imaging techniques are playing an increasingly significant role in clinical diagnosis. In the last years especially noninvasive electrical conductivity imaging methods have been investigated. Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) combines favourable contrast of electromagnetic tomography with good spatial resolution of sonography. In this paper a finite element model of MAT-MI forward problem has been presented. The reconstruction of the Lorentz force distribution has been performed with the help of a time reversal algorithm.