bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic properties of human aryepiglottic fold and ventricular fold tissues at phonatory frequencies
Authors: Kimura Miwako , Chan Roger W. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to quantify the viscoelastic shear properties of the human ventricular fold (or false vocal fold) mucosa and aryepiglottic fold mucosa at frequencies of phonation.MethodsLinear viscoelastic shear properties of the mucosa of false vocal fold and aryepiglottic fold specimens from seven cadaveric subjects were determined as functions of frequency (5–250 Hz) and compared to those of the true vocal fold cover. Measurements of elastic shear modulus (G′) and dynamic viscosity (η′) were made with a controlled‐strain simple‐shear rheometer. Linear least‐squares regression was conducted to curve‐fit log G′ and log η′ versus log frequency, and statistical analysis was performed with one‐way analysis of variance.ResultsAll specimens showed similar frequency dependence of the viscoelastic functions G′ and η′, with G′ gradually increasing with frequency and η′ monotonically decreasing with frequency. The magnitudes of G′ and η′ of the false fold mucosa were generally higher than those of the aryepiglottic fold mucosa and true vocal fold cover, but there were no significant differences in G′ and η′ among the false fold, aryepiglottic fold, and true vocal fold.ConclusionThe false vocal fold and aryepiglottic fold mucosa showed similar frequency dependence and a similar range of tissue viscoelastic behavior as the true vocal fold. These preliminary findings suggested that such tissues could become candidates for the replacement of the true vocal fold lamina propria in patients with significant tissue loss and deficiencies, for those requiring laryngeal reconstruction following partial laryngectomy or airway reconstruction.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, E297–E302, 2018
Graduating otolaryngology resident preparedness for fellowship as assessed by fellowship faculty
Authors: Highland Julie , Cabrera‐Muffly Cristina 
Published: December 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to evaluate fellowship program directors' perceptions of incoming clinical fellows' preparedness for subspecialty training and to thereby identify strengths and shortcomings in otolaryngology training programs' ability to prepare residents for fellowship.Study DesignValidated e‐mail survey.MethodsTwo hundred eleven otolaryngology subspecialty fellowship program directors and faculty directly involved with training fellows were contacted. A validated survey by the American College of Surgeons was modified and distributed to otolaryngology fellowship faculty in six otolaryngology subspecialties. The 59‐item survey employed a five‐response Likert scale tailored to each subspecialty. Responses were collected between November 2016 and January 2017.ResultsOne hundred ten otolaryngology faculty responded to the survey (52%). Respondents had worked with fellows for a mean of 12 years (standard deviation = 8). Respondents felt fellows were competent in the areas of professionalism, clinical evaluation, and management. Pediatric faculty were more likely to disagree about fellows' independence in the operating room (P = .004) and during call (P = .002) compared to other specialties. Laryngology and facial plastic and reconstructive surgery faculty felt more neutral about anatomy recognition (P = .008), tissue manipulation (P = .002), and use of energy sources (e.g., cautery, lasers) (P < .001). Fellows in all subspecialties were felt to be least prepared in research and academic interest.ConclusionsFaculty involved in fellowship training feel that fellows are well‐prepared overall upon entering fellowship. Residency programs may benefit from providing more experience with facial plastic reconstructive surgery, laryngology, and pediatrics. Regardless of specialty, residents could benefit from increased training in research design, data analysis, and basic statistics.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, E281–E287, 2018
Bariatric Surgery–Induced Cardiac and Lipidomic Changes in Obesity‐Related Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Mikhalkova Deana , Holman Sujata R. , Jiang Hui , Saghir Mohammed , Novak Eric , Coggan Andrew R. , O'Connor Robert , Bashir Adil , Jamal Ali , Ory Daniel S. , Schaffer Jean E. , Eagon J. Christopher , Peterson Linda R. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of gastric bypass on myocardial lipid deposition and function and the plasma lipidome in women with obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).MethodsA primary cohort (N = 12) with HFpEF and obesity underwent echocardiography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy both before and 3 months and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Plasma lipidomic analysis was performed before surgery and 3 months after surgery in the primary cohort and were confirmed in a validation cohort (N = 22).ResultsAfter surgery‐induced weight loss, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire scores, cardiac mass, and liver fat decreased (P < 0.02, P < 0.001, and P = 0.007, respectively); echo‐derived e′ increased (P = 0.03), but cardiac fat was unchanged. Although weight loss was associated with decreases in many plasma ceramide and sphingolipid species, plasma lipid and cardiac function changes did not correlate.ConclusionsSurgery‐induced weight loss in women with HFpEF and obesity was associated with improved symptoms, reverse cardiac remodeling, and improved relaxation. Although weight loss was associated with plasma sphingolipidome changes, cardiac function improvement was not associated with lipidomic or myocardial triglyceride changes. The results of this study suggest that gastric bypass ameliorates obesity‐related HFpEF and that cardiac fat deposition and lipidomic changes may not be critical to its pathogenesis.
Intact Cell Mass Spectrometry as a Quality Control Tool for Revealing Minute Phenotypic Changes of Cultured Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Vaňhara Petr , Kučera Lukáš , Prokeš Lubomír , Jurečková Lucie , Peña-Méndez Eladia María , Havel Josef , Hampl Aleš 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The stability of in vitro cell cultures is an important issue for any clinical, bio-industrial, or pharmacological use. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent; consequently, they possess the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers and are inherently prone to respond to differentiation stimuli. However, long-term culture inevitably yields clones that are best adapted to the culture conditions, passaging regimes, or differentiation sensitivity. This cellular plasticity is a major obstacle in the development of bio-industrial or clinical-grade cultures. At present, the quality control of cell cultures is limited by the lack of reliable (epi)genetic or molecular markers or by the focus on a particular type of instability such as karyotype abnormalities or adverse phenotypic traits. Therefore, there is an ongoing need for robust, feasible, and sensitive methods of determining or confirming cell status and for revealing potential divergences from the optimal state. We modeled both intrinsic and extrinsic changes in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) states using different experimental strategies and addressed the changes in cell status by intact cell mass spectrometry fingerprinting. The analysis of spectral fingerprints by methods routinely used in analytical chemistry clearly distinguished the morphologically and biochemically similar populations of hESCs and provided a biomarker-independent tool for the quality control of cell culture.
Small Plot Insecticide Trials, 1993
Authors: Rodriguez L. M. , Ostheimer E. A. , Reagan T. E. , White W. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Season-long control of the SCB in plant care was evaluated in a RCBD study with 5 replications at the St Gabriel Research Station, St Gabriel, LA. Insecticide treatments were applied over the sugarcane canopy with a CO2 backpack sprayer on 30 Jul, 19 Aug, and 16 Sep when the SCB infestation exceeded the economic threshold (5% of the stalks containing live larvae in the leafsheaths). Four 0.004 flat fan spray tips per 6 ft width of row at 2.25 kg/cm2 applied 188 liters of finished formulation/ha. In addition to an untreated check, 2 granular insecticide treatments were applied using a 400 ml shaker jar calibrated to deliver the designated amount of formulation to the top of the sugarcane canopy 30 Jul, 19 Aug, and 16 Sep. Prior to the initiation of the experiment, 2 applications of Lorsban 15G were made (7.8 kg formulated product/ha each) to suppress red imported fire ant predation (10 May and 6 Jul). The 4 Rohm & Haas treatments were applied with Triton CS-7 at 0.25% v/v, and the Javelin treatment was applied with Kinetic, at a rate of 0.25% v/v. SCB damage was assessed by counting the bored internodes, exit holes, and total number of internodes from 100 randomly-selected stalks of sugarcane (20 stalks/replication) in each treatment on 19 and 21 Oct. Separation of means was by LSD.
Laboratory Activity of Spinosad on Non-Target Beneficial Arthropods, 1994
Authors: Schoonover J. R. , Larson L. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This report details the results of a number of laboratory tests on spinosad as spray-dried broth (NAF-144) and an extracted 480 gms/liter SC (NAF-85) against a variety of beneficial organisms. All beneficial insects were obtained from a commercial supplier, Nature’s Control, P.O. Box 35, Medford, OR 97501. For topical, honey bee tests, the bees were confined to a petri dish and then sprayed with a hand syringe. For contact exposure, the exposure units consisted of glass tubes, 7.5 cm. long × 4 cm. in diameter. The tubes were treated by applying a uniform film to the inside of the glass tube using a fine DeVilbis sprayer. Materials were field applied to ‘Courtland’ Apples during bloom. Branches were harvested at 0, 16, 24, and 40 hours post spray. Bees were caged in the laboratory with the treated blossoms. The experiment was held at 40-50% RH and 23°C. The exposure units for Encarsia were treated by applying a uniform film to the inside of the glass tube using a fine DeVilbis sprayer. Ten newly emerged adult Encarsia formosa were aspired from the emergence chamber into each of the treated vials which were then capped with fine muslin. For Orius and Hippodamia and Lacewing exposure units were created by first treating the glass sheet by applying an even film of pesticide using a DeVilbis nozzle. After the sheet was dry, the Plexiglas sheet was placed on top of the glass sheet. 5 cm. tall rings were coated with Fluon and placed in holes drilled in the Plexiglas sheet and seated firmly against the glass creating separate exposure units. Each exposure unit was capped with muslin held in place with rubber bands. For the treated prey ingestion studies in the ladybird beetle test, squash leaves heavily infested with aphids were sprayed to run off and the treated aphids were driven off into the cage to be consumed by the beetles. Second instar, green lacewing larvae were fed tobacco budworm eggs which had been killed by freezing and treated by swirling them in formulated pesticides. For predatory mites, an even film of pesticide was applied to each leaf using a hand held syringe. After the leaves were dry, they were trimmed to an approximate diameter of 4 cm. and placed abaxial side up on agar in a petri dish. Five adult female predator mites were transferred by hand to each leaf. Tests were held under ambient laboratory conditions of approximately 23°C and 50% RH for 72 hours at which time, they were graded for mortality. LC50’s were generated using the Trimmed Spearman Karber method.
Corn Germplasm Evaluated for Resistance to Fall Armyworm and Southwestern Corn Borer
Authors: Williams W. Paul , Davis Frank M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
As a part of the U.S. Germplasm Enhancement-Maize Project, 47 accessions from the Plant Introduction Station, Ames, IA, were evaluated for resistance to fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer leaf feeding at Mississippi State, MS. The accessions and known resistant and susceptible check hybrids were grown in one-row, 20-plant plots arranged in a RCB design with three replications for each insect. Plants in the mid-whorl stage of growth were infested with 30 neonates each approximately 6 wk after planting. Leaf feeding damage was visually rated 14 d later on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 9 (heavy dam-age).
Breaking the Barriers in Resident Education: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Cabarga Larissa H. , Cubeddu Luigi X. , Olickal Jiny , Habibnejad Samira , Kury-Perez Elizabeth , Pundhir Pooja , Pirela Daniela , Goldszer Robert C. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction:
In 2013, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association updated the cholesterol guideline. Despite strong evidence supporting the recommendations, a discernible gap exists in the number of residents who practice them. Our study aimed to identify barriers hindering residents from guideline implementation.

Methods:
Twenty eight residents were administered a preintervention and postintervention questionnaire to identify barriers in guideline application. The questionnaire was categorized into three barriers: knowledge, attitude, and behavior. A multifaceted educational intervention consisting of directed teaching sessions and supervised patient encounters was conducted.

Results:
Our analysis showed that our residents lacked awareness, familiarity, and self-efficacy in using the cholesterol guideline. The intervention led to significant improvements in awareness (79% vs. 43%, p = .0129), familiarity (61% vs. 29%, p = .0306), and self-efficacy (65% vs. 16%, p = .0018) and achieved a 31% increase in knowledge (p = .0001), 38% in attitude (p = .0001), and 20% in behavior (p = .019). The overall improvement in scores averaged 30% (p = .0001).

Conclusion:
Our quality improvement initiative successfully improved our resident's comprehension and applicability of the 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline. We recommend a multifaceted educational approach tailored toward addressing specific barriers to improve the practice of evidence-based medicine.
Case Series: Overnight Wear of Scleral Lens for Persistent Epithelial Defects
Authors: He Xu , Donaldson Kendall E. , Perez Victor L. , Sotomayor Priscilla 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
This case series demonstrates successful use of PROSE (Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem) for overnight wear among patients with persistent epithelial defects, while exploring the efficacy of using PROSE reservoir for autologous hematopoietic products during treatment.

PURPOSE
This case series proposes a strategic approach to the treatment of refractory cases of persistent epithelial defect via overnight PROSE device wear.

CASE REPORTS
We followed three patients with persistent epithelial defect treated with PROSE devices and observed expedited defect resolution and improvement in best-corrected visual acuity over the course of 2 to 4 weeks. In addition to moxifloxacin and preservative-free saline, autologous hematopoietic products were added to the reservoir of two patient’s PROSE devices. Patients were advised to wear their PROSE device at all times except for lens cleaning and replacement of reservoir contents every 12 hours.

CONCLUSIONS
Together, these cases demonstrated the safety and efficacy of overnight wear of PROSE devices in the treatment of refractory persistent epithelial defect (PED).
Power Mobility Training Methods for Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kenyon Lisa K. , Hostnik Lisa , McElroy Rachel , Peterson Courtney , Farris John P. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To summarize and critically appraise the existing evidence related to power mobility training methods used in research studies conducted with children 21 years or younger.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted using 16 electronic databases to identify primary source quantitative studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Data extraction, determination of level of evidence, evaluation of methodological rigor, and assessment of the risk of bias were completed. The Evidence Alert Traffic Light Grading System (EATLS) was used.

Results:
Twenty-seven studies were included in the review. Levels of evidence were II to V; scientific rigor scores were 2 to 7.

Conclusions:
An overall Yellow EATLS level of evidence was found indicating that therapists should use caution when providing power mobility training interventions and measure outcomes related to established goals in areas such as development, functional skills, or use of a power mobility device.
Does Robot Overcome Obesity-related Limitations of Minimally Invasive Rectal Surgery for Cancer?
Authors: Bayraktar Onur , Aytaç Erman , Özben Volkan , Atasoy Deniz , Bilgin İsmail A. , Erenler Bayraktar İlknur , Baca Bilgi , Hamzaoğlu İsmail , Karahasanoğlu Tayfun 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Adoption of laparoscopic surgery for cancers requiring partial or total proctectomy has been slow due to difficulty of achieving oncologically adequate resection. Obesity is a factor complicating use and outcomes of laparoscopic technique for rectal surgery. Impact of obesity on the outcomes of robotic rectal surgery for cancer is not well defined. This study is designed to assess whether if the robotic technique has potential to overcome the limitations of obesity and to improve outcomes of minimally invasive rectal surgery for cancer.

Patients and Methods:
Patients undergoing robotic sphincter-saving radical resection with da Vinci Xi System between December 2014 and December 2016 were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups as obese and nonobese. Patient demographics, perioperative outcomes and short-term results were compared between the groups.

Results:
The study included 101 patients (30 were obese). Sex (female: 35 vs. 37%, P=0.89), American Society of Anesthesiologists score (2 vs. 2, P=0.41), number of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation (39% vs. 23%, P=0.12) and history of prior abdominal surgery (28% vs. 23%, P=0.62) were comparable between the groups. Operative time was longer in the obese group (311 vs. 332 min. P=0.01). Overall complication rates (27% vs. 23%, P=0.72), length of hospital stay (6 vs. 7, P=0.10) and pathologic outcomes were similar between the groups. Conversion to laparoscopy was not required in any operation. Two nonobese patients required conversion to open surgery.

Conclusion:
Robotic rectal surgery for cancer in obese patients is equally safe and effective as in nonobese patients. The new robotic platform can facilitate to overcome obesity-related limitations of rectal surgery.
Anthropology in conversation with an Islamic tradition: Emmanuel Levinas and the practice of critique
Authors: Rasanayagam Johan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAs an alternative to approaching Islam as an object for anthropological analysis, this article develops the idea of an anthropologist participating in conversations going on within an Islamic tradition. The idea of a conversation is developed through the ethical philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas and his ideal of knowing as an ethical relation with an infinite other. Levinas opposes a sterile and oppressive relation of ‘totality’, where the knowing self encompasses the other within concepts and thought that originate in the self, with a critical and creative relation of ‘infinity’, in which the alterity of the other is maintained and invites conversation that brings the self into question. In the article, recent disciplinary discussions of how anthropology should engage with alterity, which have been framed in terms of ontology and post‐secular anthropology, are examined in the light of Levinas's ideal of knowing as ethical and critical practice.
THE ROLE OF TURNING POINTS IN ESTABLISHING BASELINE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PEOPLE IN DEVELOPMENTAL AND LIFE‐COURSE CRIMINOLOGY
Authors: BOMAN JOHN H. , MOWEN THOMAS J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTurning points, between‐person differences, and within‐person changes have all been linked to desistance from crime. Nevertheless, the means through which between‐person differences are frequently captured in life‐course criminology makes them intertwined with, and perhaps confounded by, turning points in life. We propose that a new way of capturing the between‐person effect—the baseline between‐person difference—could benefit theoretically informed tests of developmental and life‐course issues in criminology. Because they occur at one time point immediately preceding a turning point in life, we demonstrate that baseline between‐person differences establish meaningful theoretical connections to behavior and the way people change over time. By using panel data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, we estimate models capturing within‐person change and baseline between‐person differences in social bonds (family support) and differential association (peer criminality) at the time of release from prison. The results demonstrate that baseline levels of family support protect people from postrelease substance use but not from crime. Baseline between‐person differences and within‐person changes in peer criminality, however, are robustly related to crime and substance use. Collectively, baseline between‐person differences seem critical for behavior and within‐person change over time, and the results carry implications for reentry‐based policy as well as for theory testing in developmental criminology more broadly.
Horizon‐Induced Optimism as a Gateway to Earnings Management
Authors: Scott Asay H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent work in accounting suggests that managerial optimism can lead managers to escalate income‐increasing earnings management. In this paper, I examine how a fundamental attribute of the earnings management setting—the amount of time between the earnings management decision and the future reversal—serves as one potential source of managerial optimism. I conduct two experiments to test whether the amount of time between the earnings management decision and the future reversal systematically induces optimism that increases participants’ propensity to engage in behavior that is analogous to accruals‐based earnings management and to real earnings management, holding constant incentives, agency frictions, and the information environment. My results indicate that, independent of their innate optimism, the time between the earnings management decision and the future reversal likely encourages managers to overestimate their ability to compensate for current‐period earnings management through strong future performance. This optimism, in turn, likely increases managers’ propensity to engage in both forms of earnings management.