bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dehydration as a Possible Cause of Monthly Variation in the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Elias Saad , Hoffman Ron , Saharov Gleb , Brenner Benjamin , Nadir Yona 
Published: May 2016

Background: Monthly or seasonal changes in the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) were previously reported; however, the mechanism of such variability is not completely understood. Methods: In the present retrospective single-center analysis, consecutive patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2013 were evaluated. Results: The study population included 1496 patients, 48% men, mean age 63 ± 18 years. Most (82%) cases with VTE were provoked and 39% of patients had active cancer. Four months of peak incidence (3, 7, 10 and 11) were compared with 4 months of the lowest incidence (4, 5, 6, and 12), showing a significant difference in VTE numbers (597 vs 405 cases/year, P = 0.001). In all subgroup analyses, including gender, provoked or unprovoked event and presence or absence of cancer, significant differences between the months of peak and lowest incidence remained. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)–creatinine ratio was significantly higher in all cases in the peak incidence group compared to the lowest incidence group (24 ± 1.5 vs 21 ± 1.6, P = 0.03). In patients with unprovoked VTE (n = 269), levels of BUN and hematocrit were significantly increased in the peak incidence group compared to lowest incidence group (19.5 ± 0.8 mg/dL vs 16 ± 1.1 mg/dL, P = 0.03; 39.2 ± 0.3% vs 37.4 ± 0.5%, P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that occurrence of VTE exhibits monthly variation also existing in patients with provoked events and even in those with cancer. Dehydration is suggested as a potential explanation to the month-related variation in incidence of VTE.
Analysis of pre-hospital rescue times on mortality in trauma patients in a Scandinavian urban setting
Authors: Bagher A , Todorova L , Andersson L , Wingren CJ , Ottosson A , Wangefjord S , Acosta S 
Published: May 2016

Objective To analyze if pre-hospital rescue times were associated with mortality in a trauma cohort arriving by ambulance to hospital in a Scandinavian urban setting. Methods Between 2011 and 2013, individuals and pre-hospital rescue times were identified in Emergency Medical Dispatcher Centre, hospital, and forensic records in red alarm trauma. Major trauma was defined as a New Injury Severity Score (NISS)>15. Results Overall, 89% of 378 trauma patients received hospital care within 60 min; 51% had a response time of ≤8 min, and 95% had response time within ≤20 min. The on-scene time (p < 0.05) and total pre-hospital time (p < 0.05) were longer for patients ≥65 years, in comparison with patients <65 years. The patients with penetrating trauma had shorter on-scene time (p < 0.01), total pre-hospital time (p < 0.01), and shorter transport distance from trauma scene to hospital (p = 0.004), compared to those with blunt trauma. Patients with NISS > 15 were found to have the same pre-hospital rescue times as those with NISS ≤ 15. There was a trend that the occurrence of gunshots was associated with increased mortality (p = 0.074). When entering age, NISS, penetrating versus blunt injury, response time, and on-scene time in a multivariate regression analysis, age (p < 0.001), NISS (p < 0.001), and penetrating injury (p = 0.009) remained as independent factors associated with mortality and a trend for shorter on-scene time (p = 0.093). Conclusions Pre-hospital rescue times had less impact on mortality than injury severity, age, and penetrating trauma. Even though penetrating traumas were associated with shorter on-scene time and shorter transport distance to hospital, mortality was increased in this Scandinavian urban setting.
Efficacy of an Overnight Predictive Low-Glucose Suspend System in Relation to Hypoglycemia Risk Factors in Youth and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Calhoun Peter M. , Buckingham Bruce A. , Maahs David M. , Hramiak Irene , Wilson Darrell M. , Aye Tandy , Clinton Paula , Chase Peter , Messer Laurel , Kollman Craig , Beck Roy W. , Lum John ,   for the In Home Closed Loop Study Group
Published: May 2016

Background: We developed a system to suspend insulin pump delivery overnight when the glucose trend predicts hypoglycemia. This predictive low-glucose suspend (PLGS) system substantially reduces nocturnal hypoglycemia without an increase in morning ketosis. Evaluation of hypoglycemia risk factors that could potentially influence the efficacy of the system remains critical for understanding possible problems with the system and identifying patients that may have the greatest benefit when using the system. Methods: The at-home randomized trial consisted of 127 study participants with hemoglobin A1c (A1C) of ≤8.5% (mmol/mol) for patients aged 4-14 years and ≤8.0% for patient aged 15-45 years. Factors assessed included age, gender, A1C, diabetes duration, daily percentage basal insulin, total daily dose of insulin (units/kg-day), bedtime BG, bedtime snack, insulin on board, continuous glucose monitor (CGM) rate of change (ROC), day of the week, time system activated, daytime exercise intensity, and daytime CGM-measured hypoglycemia. Results: The PLGS system was effective in preventing hypoglycemia for each factor subgroup. There was no evidence that the PLGS system was more or less effective in preventing hypoglycemia in any one subgroup compared with the other subgroups based on that factor. In addition, the effect of the system on overnight hyperglycemia did not differ in subgroups. Conclusions: The PLGS system tested in this study effectively reduced hypoglycemia without a meaningful increase in hyperglycemia across a variety of factors.
Dimensión geográfica de los lugares de socialización entre HSH en la Ciudad de Guatemala y su vinculación con el turismo
Authors: Sánchez-Crispín Álvaro , Mollinedo-Beltrán Gerardo 
Published: May 2016

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explicar, territorialmente, los sitios de socialización entre hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres (HSH) en la Ciudad de Guatemala y su relación con la actividad turística. En una primera parte, se exponen algunos de los conceptos centrales referentes al estudio de los lugares de encuentro de este segmento de la población, desde una perspectiva geográfica. Enseguida, se presenta una visión general de la capital guatemalteca como lugar central del país y nodo principal de servicios para comunidades allende su demarcación nacional, en términos económicos en general y turísticos en especial. En la tercera parte del texto se exponen los resultados de investigación que revelan la expresión territorial de los lugares estudiados. Un hallazgo de este trabajo indica que aunque el volumen demográfico de esta ciudad es considerable, dispone de pocos espacios de socialización de este tipo; sin embargo, su hinterland se expande hacia distintos sitios del país y de naciones vecinas, como El Salvador. ABSTRACTThis paper examines the issue of the territorial arrangement of MSM (men who have sex with men) socialization spaces in Guatemala City and its relationship with tourism. First, we analyze some of the main concepts associated with the explanation of how such places have managed to occupy certain areas within the urban area. Then, we present an overview of Guatemala City as the central place of the country providing services to nationals and foreigners alike. The main research results are given in the last part of the paper, pinpointing at the territorial expression of the places studied. One important finding is that, regardless of its demographic volume, Guatemala City offers a limited number of homoerotic locations. These have a clearly identifiable hinterland, drawn along the southern areas of the country, and including places in neighboring countries such as El Salvador.
Tourisme durable, attractivité touristique et gastronomie : le cas de la Bretagne
Authors: Prigent Lionel 
Published: May 2016

Le tourisme constitue l’un des secteurs économiques majeurs de la Bretagne. Mais les résultats de fréquentation du début des années 2010 ont confirmé son essoufflement. Pour y répondre, des initiatives se sont développées pour diversifier l’offre de produits touristiques et améliorer la qualité, notamment par des actions vers la gastronomie : mise en valeur des produits du terroir, soutien aux appellations labellisées et aux restaurants étoilés. Ces politiques sont portées par des acteurs économiques locaux, mais elles sont aussi largement relayées, voire initiées par les pouvoirs publics...
Le rôle de la gastronomie et de l’artisanat dans l’attractivité touristique de la ville de Fès : étude à partir des perceptions des touristes étrangers
Authors: Hmioui Aziz , Haoudi Amina 
Published: May 2016

Cette recherche traite de l’attractivité touristique de la ville de Fès. Le questionnement auquel elle s’intéresse et celui de savoir si la gastronomie et l’artisanat constituent ou non des déterminants de l’attractivité de Fès comme destination touristique. L’étude est présentée en deux axes. Le premier définit les concepts de l’attractivité et de l’attractivité touristique et développe les facteurs, qui, théoriquement, constituent les piliers de l’attractivité des destinations touristiques. Quant au second axe, il étudie les attraits touristiques de la ville de Fès, en souligne quelques indicateurs des performances touristiques, et avance et discute les résultats issus de l’étude menée auprès des touristes étrangers séjournant au sein de la médina de Fès. De l’étude réalisée, nous avons retenu les deux principales conclusions suivantes : (i) la destination étudiée est peu attractive pour les touristes étrangers et constitue pour eux une ville de passage ; et (ii) la gastronomie et l’artisanat ne sont pas perçus par les touristes interviewés comme facteur d’attractivité de la médina de Fès.
Removal of chromium by Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1
Authors: Iyengar C. Alekhya , Usha Malavalli Subbaiah 
Published: May 2016

The present study was taken up to carry out the removal of chromium by bacteria. Chromium is a heavy metal which is of concern as it causes chromium toxicity in both plants and animals. The tanneries are a major source of chromium release into the water bodies, and hence this study is aimed at identifying the potential chromium-tolerant bacterium and at studying the bacterium for its maximum tolerance and chromium removal capacity. A total of 20 samples each of soil and industrial effluents were collected from the Peenya industrial area, Bangalore, India. The bacterial isolates were screened for chromium resistance by supplementing the nutrient media with 300 µg/ml of chromium. The growth of the bacteria was measured in terms of O.D. at 670 nm. The isolates were further screened by increasing the concentration of chromium from 300 to 3000 µg/ml. The isolate S105c which showed better resistance to chromium compared to other isolates was identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1 based on 16S rRNA sequencing. Optimization of temperature, pH, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources was carried out for the removal of chromium by S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis was carried out for the removal of chromium by S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1 in the mineral salts medium supplemented with 300 µg/ml of chromium. Out of 40 soil and industrial effluent samples collected, a total of 51 isolates were obtained. Out of 51 isolates, 7 isolates gave the highest O.D. values in the presence of 300 µg/ml of chromium. The isolate S10-5c showed maximum tolerance up to 3000 µg/ml of chromium. S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1 was able to remove 2% of chromium in the medium at the end of 24 hours under optimized conditions. It can be concluded that the organism Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis strain 1 can be used for the removal of chromium from industrial effluents.
Geomorphological control on variably saturated hillslope hydrology and slope instability
Authors: Giuseppe Formetta , Simoni Silvia , Godt Jonathan W. , Lu Ning , Rigon Riccardo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn steep topography, the processes governing variably saturated subsurface hydrologic response and the interparticle stresses leading to shallow landslide initiation are physically linked. However, these processes are usually analyzed separately. Here, we take a combined approach, simultaneously analyzing the influence of topography on both hillslope hydrology and the effective stress fields within the hillslope itself. Clearly, runoff and saturated groundwater flow are dominated by gravity and, ultimately, by topography. Less clear is how landscape morphology influences flows in the vadose zone, where transient fluxes are usually taken to be vertical. We aim to assess and quantify the impact of topography on both saturated and unsaturated hillslope hydrology and its effects on shallow slope stability. Three real hillslope morphologies (concave, convex, and planar) are analyzed using a 3‐D, physically based, distributed model coupled with a module for computation of the probability of failure, based on the infinite slope assumption. The results of the analyses, which included parameter uncertainty analysis of the results themselves, show that convex and planar slopes are more stable than concave slopes. Specifically, under the same initial, boundary, and infiltration conditions, the percentage of unstable areas ranges from 1.3% for the planar hillslope, 21% for convex, to a maximum value of 33% for the concave morphology. The results are supported by a sensitivity analysis carried out to examine the effect of initial conditions and rainfall intensity.
Ion‐scale structure in Mercury's magnetopause reconnection diffusion region
Authors: Gershman Daniel J. , Dorelli John C. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Raines Jim M. , Slavin James A. , Poh Gangkai , Zurbuchen Thomas H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe strength and time dependence of the electric field in a magnetopause diffusion region relate to the rate of magnetic reconnection between the solar wind and a planetary magnetic field. Here we use ~150 ms measurements of energetic electrons from the Mercury Surface, Space Environment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft observed over Mercury's dayside polar cap boundary (PCB) to infer such small‐scale changes in magnetic topology and reconnection rates. We provide the first direct measurement of open magnetic topology in flux transfer events at Mercury, structures thought to account for a significant portion of the open magnetic flux transport throughout the magnetosphere. In addition, variations in PCB latitude likely correspond to intermittent bursts of ~0.3–3 mV/m reconnection electric fields separated by ~5–10 s, resulting in average and peak normalized dayside reconnection rates of ~0.02 and ~0.2, respectively. These data demonstrate that structure in the magnetopause diffusion region at Mercury occurs at the smallest ion scales relevant to reconnection physics.
Decoupled sedimentary records of combustion: Causes and implications
Authors: Hanke Ulrich M. , Eglinton Timothy I. , Braun Ana L. L. , Reddy Christopher M. , Wiedemeier Daniel B. , Schmidt Michael W. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPyrogenic carbon (PyC) is a collective term for carbon‐rich residues comprised of a continuum of products arising from biomass burning and fossil‐fuel combustion. PyC is ubiquitous in the environment where it can be transported by wind and water before being deposited in aquatic sediments. We compare results from four different methods used to trace PyC that were applied to a high‐temporal resolution sedimentary record in order to constrain changes in PyC concentrations and fluxes over the past ~250 years. We find markedly discordant records for different PyC tracers, particularly during the preindustrial age, implying different origins and modes of supply of sedimentary PyC. In addition to providing new insights into the composition of sedimentary combustion products, this study reveals that elucidation of past combustion processes and development of accurate budgets of PyC production and deposition on local to regional scales requires careful consideration of both source characteristics and transport processes.
How important is tropospheric humidity for coastal rainfall in the tropics?
Authors: Bergemann Martin , Jakob Christian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractClimate models show considerable rainfall biases in coastal tropical areas, where approximately 33% of the overall rainfall received is associated with coastal land‐sea interaction. Building on an algorithm to objectively identify rainfall that is associated with land‐sea interaction we investigate whether the relationship between rainfall in coastal regions and atmospheric humidity differs from that over the open ocean or over inland areas. We combine 3‐hourly satellite estimates of rainfall with humidity estimates from reanalyses and investigate if coastal rainfall reveals the well‐known relationship between area‐averaged precipitation and column‐integrated moisture. We find that rainfall that is associated with coastal land‐sea effects occurs under much drier midtropospheric conditions than that over the ocean and does not exhibit a pronounced critical value of humidity. In addition, the dependence of the amount of rainfall on midtropospheric moisture is significantly weaker when the rainfall is coastally influenced.
A new back‐and‐forth iterative method for time‐reversed convection modeling: Implications for the Cenozoic evolution of 3‐D structure and dynamics of the mantle
Authors: Glišović Petar , Forte Alessandro M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 3‐D distribution of buoyancy in the convecting mantle drives a suite of convection‐related manifestations. Although seismic tomography is providing increasingly resolved images of the present‐day mantle heterogeneity, the distribution of mantle density variations in the geological past is unknown, and, by implication, this is true for the convection‐related observables. The one major exception is tectonic plate motions, since geologic data are available to estimate their history and they currently provide the only available constraints on the evolution of 3‐D mantle buoyancy in the past. We developed a new back‐and‐forth iterative method for time‐reversed convection modeling with a procedure for matching plate velocity data at different instants in the past. The crucial aspect of this reconstruction methodology is to ensure that at all times plates are driven by buoyancy forces in the mantle and not vice versa. Employing tomography‐based retrodictions over the Cenozoic, we estimate the global amplitude of the following observables: dynamic surface topography, the core‐mantle boundary ellipticity, the free‐air gravity anomalies, and the global divergence rates of tectonic plates. One of the major benefits of the new data assimilation method is the stable recovery of much shorter wavelength changes in heterogeneity than was possible in our previous work. We now resolve what appears to be two‐stage subduction of the Farallon plate under the western U.S. and a deeply rooted East African Plume that is active under the Ethiopian volcanic fields during the Early Eocene.
A Redox‐Responsive Complex System Based on 2 D Shape‐Persistent Cyclo[6]aramide and Ferrocenium
Authors: Chen Long , Yuan Xiangyang , Wang Zixiao , Luo Youran , Huang Wei , Zhang Shuai , Yuan Wenli , Qin Song , Tao Guohong , Yuan Lihua 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectrochemical stimuli‐responsive systems via macrocyclic host–guest interactions are of practical significance in realizing functions of biological materials and synthetic molecular machines. In this study, a cyclo[6]aramide‐ferrocenium (Fc+) recognition motif was demonstrated to be a novel redox‐responsive system based on two‐dimensional (2D) macrocycle in organic media, in which the host strongly binds the oxidized form Fc+ and shows no complexation towards the reduced form ferrocene. Results from cyclic voltammetric experiments clearly show the redox responsiveness of the claimed system, in sharp contrast to a control system based on an acyclic compound that contains the same number of introverted amide oxygens, highlighting the importance of the macrocyclic effect in the redox process. This study provides a rare example of using 2D hydrogen‐bonded aromatic amide macrocycles to form a ferrocene‐based redox‐responsive inclusion complex and thus paves the way for future applications.
Phosphine–Thiourea‐Organocatalyzed Asymmetric C−N and C−S Bond Formation Reactions
Authors: Ngo Thi‐Thuy‐Duong , Nguyen Thi‐Huong , Bournaud Chloée , Guillot Régis , Toffano Martial , Vo‐Thanh Giang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhosphine–thiourea based‐organocatalysts derived from l‐proline promoted C−N or C−S bond formation of tert‐butoxycarbonyloxy‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman adducts with phthalimide or alkyl thiols, respectively. Good yields and enantioselectivities up to 93 % were achieved.
Body surface area as a prognostic marker in chronic heart failure patients: results from the Heart Failure Registry of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Zafrir Barak , Salman Nabeeh , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. , Anker Stefan D. , Coats Andrew J. , Ferrari Roberto , Filippatos Gerasimos , Maggioni Aldo P. , Mebazaa Alexandre , Piepoli Massimo Francesco , Ruschitzka Frank , Paniagua‐Martin Maria J. , Segovia Javier , Laroche Cecile , Amir Offer ,   on behalf of the Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry Investigators
Published: May 2016

AimsThe ‘obesity paradox’ is consistently observed in patients with heart failure (HF). We investigated the relationship of body surface area (BSA) to mortality and hospitalizations in patients with chronic HF.Methods and resultsData from the outpatient cohort of the observational, prospective, Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology was analysed in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of BSA in chronic HF. A total of 9104 chronic HF patients (age 64.8 ± 13.4 years; 71.6% males) were enrolled. Mortality during 1‐year follow‐up was observed in 718 of 8875 (8.1%) patients. A progressive, inverse relationship between all‐cause mortality and BSA levels was observed; the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for 1‐year mortality was 1.823 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.398–2.376], P < 0.001 for the lowest quartile of BSA <1.78 m2, and 1.255, 95% CI 1.000–1.576, P = 0.05 for the middle two quartiles (1.78 ≤BSA ≤2.07 m2), compared with the highest quartile (BSA >2.07 m2). For each increase of 0.1 m2 in BSA, an adjusted HR of 0.908 (95% CI 0.870–0.948), P < 0.001 for mortality was calculated. HF hospitalizations were not associated with BSA subgroup distribution. In both genders, subjects within the lowest BSA quartile (males <1.84 m2 and females <1.64 m2) had significantly higher mortality rates during follow‐up (log‐rank P < 0.0001). However, the stepwise association with mortality was more distinct in males.ConclusionsTotal and cardiovascular mortality, but not HF hospitalizations was inversely associated with BSA levels in chronic HF patients. BSA may serve as a prognostic indicator for adverse outcome in HF patients.