bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Performance of Proppant in Hydraulic Fractures Below 2lb/ft2
Authors: Milton-Tayler D. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In shale fracturing operations, proppant loadings of less than 2lb/ft2 are often the reality. Most published industry data relates to testing at 2lb/ft2. As the fracture width reduces relative to proppant size, physical changes occur to the proppant pack which influences its ability to maintain open a permeable effective pathway for hydrocarbon production.
In this paper, new data is presented to the industry to quantify how this increasing proppant crush and the changing fracture conductivity response to applied stress impact on proppant performance. The value of the basic crush test is extended by measuring the impact of time at stress, and the impact of cyclic stress. In this way, the crush test becomes a more realistic predictive tool and enables an assessment of some of the dominant processes controlling proppant performance. Finally, the impact of the indentation hardness of the rock itself is investigated by running tests with Ohio sandstone, Clashach and the familiar hardened steel plates of the traditional crush cell.
Proppant exposed to the higher contact stresses at the fracture face make up a proportionally greater fraction of the pack itself as the width reduces resulting in greater mean crush and potentially lower fracture conductivity. Contact stress is not fully described by closure stress. The data is new to the industry and builds on the previous work of others to provide better insight into proppant selection for shale fracturing. It is especially timely given the current industry trend to pump large quantities of poorer quality proppant. Understanding the application of laboratory data and assessing correctly the required in-fracture conductivity performance of proppant, enables the industry to differentiate between Value and Price.
Saturation Mapping in the Interwell Reservoir Volume: A New Technology Breakthrough
Authors: Marsala Alberto F. , Lyngra Stig , Ma S. Mark , Alsaif Sarah F. , Zhang Ping , Ramadan Moemen , Abdallah Wael 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A crosswell electromagnetic (EM) tomography survey was acquired between two horizontal wells, a water injector and a producer, using coil tubing conveyance. The survey was conveyed in a swept area of a naturally fractured Middle Eastern carbonate reservoir. This paper presents the work flow that was developed to integrate the EM survey results with other data to successfully map interwell hydrocarbon saturations. A slanted well was later landed in the interwell area based on the crosswell survey interpretation results. This new well targeted an oil column shown to be bypassed by the water injection in the swept area, and the well is currently on production. The survey established a number of world firsts for the EM technology, including horizontal wells deployment, well spacing &gt;1.3 km, full 3D resistivity inversion and 3D apparent water saturation mapping.
The field program consisted of an extensive openhole logging sequence in each well prior to the crosswell EM data collection. The crosswell EM survey measured 135 profiles, covering more than an 800 m horizontal section in each of the two wells. High quality data were acquired for almost all the data profiles, even in a 400 m cased section. The field data were interpreted with a 3D inversion code. The fracture corridors were identified as electrical conductive volumes, due to their high water saturation. The less or unswept areas were characterized by higher resistivity, due to their lower water content.
A resistivity model cannot be directly used for reservoir evaluation, then the subsequent step was to convert the resistivity model into a saturation volume, based on Archie's law. An innovative workflow of petrophysical simulations was designed to define volumetric distribution of porosity and water salinity based on reservoir simulation scenarios and ad hoc laboratory analysis. Finally, the most probable scenario of apparent water saturation volume in the interwell reservoir volume was produced.
This work outlines the critical need for deep characterization in cases of fractured carbonate reservoirs, and in any case where the sweep efficiency is likely to be uneven, due to heterogeneities of reservoir petrophysical properties, and particularly permeability field variations.
New Approach to Quantify Productivity of Fishbone Multilateral Well
Authors: Hassan Amjed , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Ahmed Musa 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The fishbone wells are new production technology applied to increase well productivity and access the difficult geological formations and unconventional reservoirs. The main advantages of this technology over hydraulic fracturing are the competitive price and reduced operation time. Fishbone shaped multilateral wells proved better productivity than multi-fractured horizontal wells in relatively low permeable reservoirs. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to predict the fishbone performance without using smart well completion or any down-hole valves in the horizontal laterals.
Very limited work has been done for multilateral fishbone drilled in dry gas reservoir, and few empirical models were developed to estimate the inflow performance of fishbone wells producing from two-phase reservoirs, however, those models ignore the number of rib holes and assume constant pressure drop across horizontal laterals, therefore, using such models can produce severe estimations errors. The main objective of this research is to present a reliable model to estimate the productivity of fishbone multilateral wells producing from anisotropic and heterogeneous gas reservoirs. Several artificial intelligence techniques were studied to quantify the productivity of fishbone multilateral well for a wider range of conditions without introducing uncertainties/ complexity associated with other numerical methods.
The proposed models investigate the significance of reservoir parameters, number of laterals, permeability ratio (Kh/Kv), length of laterals and lateral spacing on the productivity of the fishbone well. More than 250 data sets were utilized to develop and validate the model reliability. The production rate is estimated using artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), generalized neural network (GRNN) and radial basis function network (RBF). The models require the reservoir parameters and the wellbore configurations to determine the flow rate without a need for using down-hole well completion. Furthermore, mathematical equation was extracted by utilizing the artificial neural network model, this equation was verified using two rate tests from actual gas field, an acceptable error of 7% was obtained. The finding of this work would afford an effective tool for quantifying the productivity of complex fishbone wells and refine the commercial well performance software to narrow down the differences between the simulation outputs and actual field data, then lead to a better determination of the optimum production rate.
Study of the Efficiency of Methods for Enhanced Condensate Recovery, Based on Reservoir Simulation Models
Authors: Makarov E. S. , Yushkov A. Y. , Romanov A. S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to assess the technological efficiency of methods for increasing condensate recovery from the Achimov deposits of the Urengoy Oil and Gas Condensate Field (Аch52-3 reservoir within the East Urengoy License Area). The distinctive features of the Achimov reservoirs are the low permeability (of the order of 1 mD) and abnormally high initial reservoir pressure (≈ 600 atm.).
The technological performance was simulated using the ECLIPSE 300 composite flow model. To simulate the condensate recovery improvement methods at one of the Аch52-3 sections, the authors selected a development element the average parameters of which corresponded to the parameters of a full-scale model. The performance of various methods was evaluated by comparing the selected methods to the baseline scenario, which represents a traditional gas development process, i.e. the depletion. The methods for maintaining reservoir pressure by injecting various agents into the reservoir were considered as alternative scenarios for reservoir engineering: dry gas (cycling), nitrogen, water, WAG. In addition, the optimal ratio of injection and production wells, the voidage replacement, and gas recovery rate were selected.
The economic efficiency of various development scenarios was estimated using an economic model. The complex approach was used to rank the options, taking into account both the technological results (gas / condensate recovery ratios) and economic indicators (NPV, state discounted revenue).
The results of the studies on condensate recovery improvement confirm the technological applicability of unconventional technologies for the development of gas condensate fields, in particular, injection of nitrogen into the reservoir. These technologies make it possible to achieve a relative increase in condensate recovery by 40-50% compared to the baseline scenario. On the other hand, under current macroeconomic conditions, the conventional depletion method for gas-condensate recovery remains more attractive.
Evaluation of the impacts of climate variability on rainfed maize production over the Wami-Ruvu basin of Tanzania
Authors: Luhunga Philbert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, the impact of inter-seasonal climate variability on rainfed maize (Zea mays) production over the Wami-Ruvu basin of Tanzania is evaluated. Daily high-resolution climate simulations from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment_Regional Climate Models (CORDEX_RCMs) are used to drive the Decision Support System for Agro-technological Transfer (DSSAT) to simulate maize yields. Climate simulations for the base period of 35 years (1971–2005) are used to drive DSSAT to simulate maize yields during the historical climate. On the other hand, climate projections for the period 2010–2039 (current), 2040–2069 (mid), and 2070–2099 centuries for two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP45 and 85) emission scenarios are used to drive DSSAT to simulate maize yields in respective centuries. Statistical approaches based on Pearson correlation coefficient and the coefficients of determination are used in the analysis. Results show that rainfall, maximum temperature, and solar radiation are the most important climate variables that determine variation in rainfed maize yields over the Wami-Ruvu basin of Tanzania. They explain the variability in maize yields in historical climate condition (1971–2005), present century under RCP 4.5, and mid and end centuries under both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5.
Nanotechnology in Personalized Medicine: A Promising Tool for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
Authors: De Matteis Laura , Martín-Rapún Rafael , de la Fuente Jesús M. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a public health priority all over the
world. The difficulty of fighting the disease consists mostly in the complexity of symptoms
and causes, in the still poor knowledge of its mechanisms and in the existence of a latent,
asymptomatic, preclinical stage. Although many drugs are continuously screened in clinical
studies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, the unexpected lack of patient response and
sometimes the important adverse effects make it a potential field of application for personalized
medicine.

Objective:
This perspective review proposes nanotechnology as a valuable tool for the application
of personalized medicine to AD.

Methods:
The aim of personalized medicine is the development of more patient-precise
treatments based mostly on the knowledge of individual genetics as well as of disease progress,
and of pharmacokinetics and metabolic response to available drugs. The optimization
of new and more sensitive detection techniques is an important tool for obtaining the pool of
data needed for prediction and understanding of patient response.

Results:
Research in bionanosensors is already providing examples with high sensitivity for
core and new biomarkers for AD. In therapy the functionalization of nanoparticle surface
can add specificity for biological recognition or for improving the bioavailability. This
would allow the administration of lower doses with less adverse effects due to the local targeting.

Conclusion:
Taking into account the promising characteristics of nanoparticles as excellent
candidate tools for precision medicine development, the establishment of better standard
methods for safety assessment and production scale up would be desirable for the nanomaterial
fruitful employment.
Pathophysiological Role of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels and their Modulation by Drugs
Authors: Citi Valentina , Calderone Vincenzo , Martelli Alma , Breschi Maria C. , Testai Lara 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Mitochondria play a central role in ATP-generating processes. Indeed, in
mammalian tissues, up to 90% of ATP is generated by mitochondria through the process of oxidative
phosphorylation; furthermore, mitochondria are involved in multiple signal transduction
pathways. A rapidly expanding body of literature has confirmed that mitochondria play a pivotal
role in apoptosis, cardio- and neuro-protection, and various neurodegenerative disorders, ranging
from Parkinson’s to Alzheimer’s disease. Mitochondria are also the targets of multiple drugs,
some of these are specifically designed to affect mitochondrial function, while others have primary
targets in other cellular locations but may interact with mitochondria because of the presence
of numerous targets on this organelle. In this regard, mitochondrial potassium (mitoK)
channels play a critical role in mitochondrial function and, consequently, in the metabolism of the
whole cell.
<p>
Objective: To describe mitoK channels from a structural point of view and investigate their
pathophysiological roles, focusing on possible specific modulators that might be useful as pharmacological
tools in the treatment of various pathologies characterized by mitoK involvement.
<p>
Results: mitoK channels play a decisive role in several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases,
particularly in myocardial infarction and neurodegenerative diseases, and they are emerging
as promising oncological targets.
<p>
Conclusions: mitoK channels represent novel targets, and mitoK channel modulators represent
an exciting tool for pharmacological intervention against such pathological conditions.
Explorations of Family-school Relationships Regarding Children with RAD and/or EBD: A Review of Relevant Literature from 1995-2016
Authors: Wenger Christa , Crump Sara Lyn , LaFollette Jessica , Kurtz Megan 
Published: October 2017

Background:
School and family interactions that include a focus on students from all backgrounds and ability levels are crucial for promoting students’ social, academic, and behavioral success. Specifically, it is important that educators and other stakeholders focus on developing effective interactions with the families of students who have Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) or Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD).

Objective:
The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the relationships between schools and the families of students with EBD or RAD as represented in published research. Another goal of this study is to understand whether these relationships have changed over time (1995-present).

Method:
This investigation sought to find empirical studies concerning relationships between schools and the families of students with EBD or RAD. The researchers divided the 1995-2016 time period into five- to-six-year increments and then searched for qualitative articles using agreed upon search terms. The authors used mainly the ERIC database from which to conduct their initial search.

Results:
There were 11 qualitative studies reviewed for this article. The articles were summarized and discussed according to two categories: “Families of Children with RAD” and “Families of Children with EBD.” Among these studies, three themes emerged in response to the research question: “The Importance of Caregivers,” “Family and School Communication,” and “Support Systems and Interventions.” These themes revealed critical ideologies regarding persons diagnosed with RAD or EBD and their family-school partnerships. Further, this review of literature indicates qualitative studies involving students with RAD or EBD in connection with family-school ties are limited, although a significant amount of literature exists regarding school-family ties.

Conclusion:
More qualitative studies are needed involving students with RAD and/or EBD and the connection to family-school relationships. The reviewed articles indicated that family-school partnerships depend on the landscape of the school system. Communication from the families to the schools and vice versa is important for persons with RAD or EBD diagnoses, as well as interventions and support systems. While this review does help to better understand these family–school partnerships, educators would benefit from additional studies during this time of the Common Core State Standards, increased accountability, inclusion, and high–stakes testing.
Effectiveness of Therapeutic Attachment Camps for Improving Behavior in Children with Reactive Attachment Disorder
Authors: Coleman Anne M. , Coleman Allen Rand 
Published: October 2017

Background:Early childhood attachment disruption manifests in disruptive, oppositional behavior and reduced ability for trusting intimate relationships. Chronic emotional disorder negatively affects the entire family system, making treatment difficult.Objective:The goal of the study was to assess a family therapeutic treatment program for children with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) conducted through an intensive, one-week camp.Methods:Therapeutic camps included training for caregivers, support for siblings, behavioral interventions for children with RAD, and family therapy exercises. Camps were conducted across North America. Standardized behavioral health rating scales were used to evaluate outcomes.Results:Therapeutic Attachment Camp effectively reduced disruptive behaviors within a one week period and improved family mental health scores. Pretest to post-test scores on the Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire showed significant change in a clinically positive direction. Behaviors specifically associated with attachment and conscience development improved, such as showing remorse or guilt, self-control, telling the truth and accepting parental direction. Child anxiety was observed to be less based on self-rating on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Parent anxiety was significantly reduced based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Statistical effects were moderate to large.Conclusion:Results suggested that a treatment program addressing the needs of the entire family and combining attachment exercises with psychoeducation and structured parenting practice can be effective within a short time frame. Findings have implications for community and family mental health, and for developing culturally relevant treatments that integrate disciplines.
Scanning electron microscope comparative surface evaluation of glazed-lithium disilicate ceramics under different irradiation settings of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers
Authors: Viskic Josko , Jokic Drazen , Jakovljevic Suzana , Bergman Lana , Ortolan Sladana Milardovic , Mestrovic Senka , Mehulic Ketij 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the surface of glazed lithium disilicate dental ceramics after irradiation under different irradiation settings of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods:
Three glazed-press lithium disilicate ceramic discs were treated with HF, Er:YAG, and Nd:YAG, respectively. The laser-setting variables tested were laser mode, repetition rate (Hz), power (W), time of exposure (seconds), and laser energy (mJ). Sixteen different variable settings were tested for each laser type, and all the samples were analyzed by SEM at 500× and 1000× magnification.

Results:
Surface analysis of the HF-treated sample showed a typical surface texture with a homogenously rough pattern and exposed ceramic crystals. Er:YAG showed no effect on the surface under any irradiation setting. The surface of Nd:YAG-irradiated samples showed cracking, melting, and resolidifying of the ceramic glaze. These changes became more pronounced as the power increased. At the highest power setting (2.25 W), craters on the surface with large areas of melted or resolidified glaze surrounded by globules were visible. However, there was little to no exposure of ceramic crystals or visible regular surface roughening.

Conclusions:
Neither Er:YAG nor Nd:YAG dental lasers exhibited adequate surface modification for bonding of orthodontic brackets on glazed lithium disilicate ceramics compared with the control treated with 9.5% HF.
Adiposity, Dysmetabolic Traits, and Earlier Onset of Female Puberty in Adolescent Offspring of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Study Within the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Grunnet Louise G. , Hansen Susanne , Hjort Line , Madsen Camilla M. , Kampmann Freja B. , Thuesen Anne Cathrine B. , Granstrømi Charlotta , Strøm Marin , Maslova Ekaterina , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Damm Peter , Chavarro Jorge E. , Hu Frank B. , Olsen Sjurdur F. , Vaag Allan 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE
Offspring of pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of the development of type 2 diabetes. However, the extent to which these dysmetabolic traits may be due to offspring and/or maternal adiposity is unknown. We examined body composition and associated cardiometabolic traits in 561 9- to 16-year-old offspring of mothers with GDM and 597 control offspring.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured anthropometric characteristics; puberty status; blood pressure; and fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and lipid levels; and conducted a DEXA scan in a subset of the cohort. Differences in the outcomes between offspring of mothers with GDM and control subjects were examined using linear and logistic regression models.

RESULTS
After adjustment for age and sex, offspring of mothers with GDM displayed higher weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate and lower height. Offspring of mothers with GDM had higher total and abdominal fat percentages and lower muscle mass percentages, but these differences disappeared after correction for offspring BMI. The offspring of mothers with GDM displayed higher fasting plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-insulin resistance (IR), and plasma triglyceride levels, whereas fasting plasma HDL cholesterol levels were decreased. Female offspring of mothers with GDM had an earlier onset of puberty than control offspring. Offspring of mothers with GDM had significantly higher BMI, WHR, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR levels after adjustment for maternal prepregnancy BMI, and glucose and HOMA-IR remained elevated in the offspring of mothers with GDM after correction for both maternal and offspring BMIs.

CONCLUSIONS
In summary, adolescent offspring of women with GDM show increased adiposity, an adverse cardiometabolic profile, and earlier onset of puberty among girls. Increased fasting glucose and HOMA-IR levels among the offspring of mothers with GDM may be explained by the programming effects of hyperglycemia in pregnancy.