bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information risk, stock returns, and the cost of capital in China
Authors: Safdar Raheel , Yan Chen 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate information risk in relation to cost of capital and, also, whether information risk is a priced risk factor in China.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors used accruals quality (AQ) as the measure of information risk and employed multiple regression analysis and Fama-Macbeth regressions to investigate association of AQ with cost of capital and future realized stock returns, respectively. Moreover, two-stage cross-sectional regression analysis is performed, both at firm and at portfolio levels, to test if an AQ factor is a priced risk factor in China.

Findings
– The authors found poor AQ being associated with higher cost of equity but this relationship is not significant in subsample of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The results do not support any association between AQ and cost of debt in China. Further, the authors found poor AQ being positively associated with future realized stock returns and the authors also found evidence of market pricing of an AQ factor in addition to existing factors in Fama-French three-factor model in firm level analysis. However, subsample analysis revealed that AQ is not priced in case of SOEs.

Research limitations/implications
– The study sample is comprised of A-Shares only and the generalization of the findings is limited by the peculiar institutional setup and other unique characteristics of Chinese capital market.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to literature by providing novel findings on the relationship between information risk and cost of capital in Chinese context and it provides further insight into how and if investors value information risk.
Parent-adolescent conflict and choice of conflict resolution strategy
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Nayak J. K. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of family communication patterns (FCPs) on adolescents’ choice of conflict resolution strategies during family holiday planning.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is framed by and builds on the literature on the adolescents’ choice of conflict resolution strategies and the FCP. The sample was collected using a survey among 400 adolescents in India. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling have been used to analyse the data.

Findings
– The paper provides a significant relationship between FCP and the choice of conflict resolution strategies. The study findings suggested that adolescents’ choice of resolution strategy depends on the type of communication environment in the family. It has been seen that adolescents have more say in concept-oriented families and use different types of resolution strategies compared to socio-oriented families.

Practical implications
– The present study has considerable implications for the marketers and the academicians. Through FCP, marketers will be able to segment the families and, hence, may introduce efficient and competent marketing strategies and promotional campaigns.

Originality/value
– The paper offers insights into the choice of conflict resolution strategy by adolescents’ in different FCPs. The study has originality and offers value to marketers as it focuses on adolescents, and explores their perceptions about their influence during the decision process.
Handling conflict at work – the impact of active and agreeable conflict styles
Authors: Chen Angela Shin-yih , Hou Yu-hsiang , Wu I-heng 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the relationships between emotional intelligence (EI), conflict management styles and job performance in a Chinese cultural context.Design/methodology/approach– The present paper uses a cross-sectional research design. Paper-based questionnaires were distributed to employees working in the R & D department of a science and technology institute in Taiwan. In total, 300 questionnaires were distributed and 248 valid questionnaires were analyzed, with a return rate of 81.4 per cent.Findings– The results show that EI has a positive impact on job performance. Furthermore, agreeable conflict style positively moderated between EI and job performance, whereas active conflict style has negative moderating effect.Research limitations/implications– Due to the research design, sample and data collection method, the research results may lack representativeness. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to use a different approach in the future.Practical implications– Organizations should strengthen employees’ EI and conflict management abilities to improve job performance. Organizations can apply the results of this study in accordance with their policy on recruitment, selection and training.Originality/value– Organizations should strengthen employees’ EI and conflict management abilities to improve job performance. Organizations can apply the results of this study in accordance with their policies on recruitment, selection and training.
“Mission impossible”: exploring the viability of power-sharing as a conflict-resolution tool in Syria
Authors: Groarke Emer 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to show the viability of consociational power-sharing as a conflict-resolution tool in Syria. It further argues that a subsequent movement from consociational to centripetal power-sharing is vital to ensure sustainable peace.

Design/methodology/approach
– A theoretical overview of power-sharing as a conflict-resolution tool provides the basis for this paper, supported by empirical evidence and qualitative research analysis for its proposed application in Syria. Perceived obstacles to a negotiated settlement are outlined, with suggestions made as to how these issues can be transformed into incentives for invested parties. Such obstacles include Bashar al-Assad remaining in power, and calls for the implementation of Shari’a law by some opposition groups.

Findings
– While previously the conditions of the conflict were not conducive to peace talks, this paper finds that regional developments, including the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, have re-opened the possibility of, and indeed the necessity for, political negotiations. Detailing the complexity of a conflict that goes far beyond a mere sectarian divide, the findings of this paper dispel the notion that a sectarian partition is a viable model for Syria. The paper highlights the multiple cleavages occurring simultaneously, and shows how a power-sharing model is best suited to deal with them.

Originality/value
– The paper analyses the ongoing inertia of political negotiations to peacefully resolve the conflict. It offers an approach to conflict-resolution in Syria that has, thus far, not been adequately considered in academic – or political – spheres.
OKF-Ref: using the object knowledge framework to understand the reference experience
Authors: Latham Kiersten F. , Kearns Jodi 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to offer a platform for thinking about the reference interaction experience by borrowing from museum studies literature, particularly from a holistic understanding of the museum visitor’s experience.Design/methodology/approach– The goal of this paper is to offer a platform for thinking about the reference interaction experience by borrowing from museum studies literature, particularly from a holistic understanding of the museum visitor’s experience.Findings– Object knowledge framework-reference (OKF-Ref) enables reference staff to connect patrons with resources to enable deeper thinking and research.Practical implications– OKF-Ref seeks to permit reference transactions as experiences rooted in synchronous individual, group and material potential connections made between resources and information seekers.Originality/value– New considerations in lived reference experience encourages reference librarians to think about the whole experience of reference interactions, allowing intermediaries to be proactive toward the goal of unified experiences for patrons.
Linking phylogenetic similarity and pollution sensitivity to develop ecological assessment methods: a test with river diatoms
Authors: Keck François , Bouchez Agnès , Franc Alain , Rimet Frédéric 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDiatoms include a great diversity of taxa and are recognized as powerful bioindicators of freshwater quality. However, using diatoms for bioassessment is costly and time‐consuming, because most of the indices necessitate species‐level identification. Simplifying diatom‐based assessment protocols has focused the attention of water managers and researchers in recent years.The increasing availability of genomic data and phylogenies can benefit in the development of bioassessment methods making use of these tools, where a clade plays the role of a species if relevant. Indeed, the null hypothesis is that closely related species are more likely to exhibit similar environmental sensitivity because of phylogenetic constraints and inheritance. Such patterns have been reported recently for sensitivity to a variety of pollutants for two important groups of bioindicators used for freshwater monitoring: benthic macroinvertebrates and diatoms.We introduce a method to extract clusters of species sharing similar traits and being phylogenetically related. We apply this method to the general pollution sensitivity (IPS specific sensitivity value;Étude des Méthodes Biologiques d'Appréciation Quantitative de la Qualité des Eaux, 1982) of 262 species of diatoms and, by tuning the method settings, we generate different clade‐based derivatives of the traditional IPS index.Finally, we estimate traditional and derived IPS scores for 2119 natural communities of diatoms in eastern France to compare and assess the performances of these new indices.Synthesis and applications. We show that phylogenetic approaches offer scope for simplification without loss of important information and we discuss the potential of their use in biomonitoring.
Between disruption and continuity: challenges in maintaining the ‘biographical we’ when caring for a partner with a severe, chronic illness
Authors: Aasbø Gunvor , Solbrække Kari Nyheim , Kristvik Ellen , Werner Anne 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive illness that changes the lives of patients and their spouses dramatically. The aim of this paper is to show how spouses of COPD patients integrate their tasks as informal carers with their role as spouses and the tensions and challenges involved in this. The study draws on qualitative interviews with spouses of COPD patients, recruited from the patient pool of ambulatory pulmonary services of two hospitals in Oslo, Norway. The spouses described their great efforts to re‐establish normality and continuity in their everyday lives. Accomplishing this was a delicate process because they faced several dilemmas in this work. They balanced the need to sustain the independence and integrity of both parties against the need to ensure safety and deal with the progression of the illness. We propose ‘biographical we’ as a concept that can highlight the great effort spouses put into establishing a sense of continuity in their lives. In times when healthcare policy involves mobilising informal caregiving resources, an awareness of the complexity of caregiving relationships is crucial when developing appropriate support for informal carers.
Circulating microRNA expression profiles in pre‐eclampsia: evidence of increased miR‐885‐5p levels
Authors: Sandrim VC , Luizon MR , Palei AC , Tanus‐Santos JE , Cavalli RC 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo validate and to compare the circulating microRNA (miR) expression profiles between pre‐eclampsia and healthy pregnant women, to perform correlation analysis of the differently expressed miRs with clinical and biochemical parameters, and to verify the extracellular localisation of miRs in apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes.DesignA case–control study with a replication study.SettingPregnant women attending maternity hospitals in Southeastern Brazil.PopulationTwo obstetric white populations: a case–control study (19 pre‐eclampsia and 14 healthy pregnant) and a replication study (eight pre‐eclampsia and eight healthy pregnant).MethodsPCR‐array with 84 different miRs was performed in plasma from five pre‐eclampsia and four healthy pregnant women. In the case–control study, differently expressed miRs were validated using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters. The plasma was then fractioned to study the extracellular localisation of miRs.Main outcome measuresGene expression profiles of miRs.ResultsFrom PCR‐array, three miRs (miR‐376c‐3p, miR‐19a‐3p, and miR‐19b‐3p) were found to be down‐regulated and the miR‐885‐5p was found to be up‐regulated in pre‐eclampsia compared with healthy pregnant women. In the validation step, miR‐885‐5p was the only significantly different miR (fold‐change = 5.0, P < 0.05), which was confirmed in the replication study (fold‐change = 4.5, P < 0.05). Moreover, miR‐885‐5p was significantly correlated with the hepatic enzyme aspartate transaminase (r = 0.66; P = 0.0034) and it was mostly associated with the exosomes (32‐fold higher than apoptotic bodies).ConclusionsmiR‐885‐5p is increased in plasma from pre‐eclampsia compared with healthy pregnant women, and it is released into circulation mainly inside exosomes.Tweetable AbstractmiR‐885‐5p is increased in pre‐eclampsia and is released into circulation mainly inside exosomes.
Sperm traits differ between winged and wingless males of the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior
Authors: SCHREMPF Alexandra , MOSER Astrid , DELABIE Jacques , HEINZE Jürgen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSize and shape of sperm cells vary tremendously throughout the animal kingdom. The adaptive significance of this variation is not fully understood. In addition to sperm–female interactions and the environmental conditions, the risk of sperm competition might affect number, morphology and other “quality” traits of sperm. In the male‐diphenic ant Cardiocondyla obscurior, winged sneaker males have limited sperm number, because their testes degenerate shortly after adult emergence, as is typical for males of social Hymenoptera. In contrast, wingless fighter males continuously replenish their sperm supply due to their exceptional lifelong spermatogenesis. While winged males usually have to compete with several other winged males for virgin queens, wingless males are able to monopolize queens by killing all other rivals. Hence, this presents a unique system to investigate how alternative reproductive tactics and associated physiology affect sperm morphology and viability. We found that sperm‐limited males invest into sperm number instead of sperm size. Variance in sperm length is smaller in winged males, probably reflecting that they have to compete with several other males. Finally, sperm viability is equally high in both male phenotypes.
Weighting Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pixel Pollutant Loads to Represent Runoff and Buffering Likelihoods
Authors: Stephan Emily A. , Endreny Theodore A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWatershed models often estimate annual nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) pollutant loads in rural areas with export coefficient (EC) (kg/ha/yr) values based on land cover, and in urban areas as the product of spatially uniform event mean concentration (EMC) (mg/L) values and runoff volume. Actual N and P nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant loading has more spatial complexity due to watershed variation in runoff likelihood and buffering likelihood along surface and subsurface pathways, which can be represented in a contributing area dispersal area (CADA) NPS model. This research develops a CADA NPS model to simulate how watershed properties of elevation, land cover, and soils upslope and downslope of each watershed pixel influence nutrient loading. The model uses both surface and subsurface runoff indices (RI), and surface and subsurface buffer indices (BI), to quantify the runoff and buffering likelihood for each watershed pixel, and generate maps of weighted EC and EMC values that identify NPS pollutant loading hotspots. The research illustrates how CADA NPS model maps and pixel loading values are sensitive to the spatial resolution and accuracy of elevation and land cover data, and model predictions can represent the lower and upper bounds of NPS loading. The model provides managers with a tool to rapidly visualize, rank, and investigate likely areas of high nutrient export.
Policy‐Relevant Behaviors Predict Heavier Drinking in Both On and Off Premises and Mediate the Relationship Between Heavier Alcohol Consumption and Age, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status—Analysis from the International Alcohol Control Study
Authors: Casswell Sally , Huckle Taisia , Wall Martin , Parker Karl 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundOur goal was to investigate the role of behaviors amenable to policy change in mediating the relationship between alcohol consumption in off and on premises, age, and 2 measures of socioeconomic status (education and income).MethodsA cross‐sectional general population survey was analyzed by using Bayesian path analysis to understand direct and mediating pathways. A total of 1,900 drinkers (past 6 months), aged 18 to 65 years, living in households with landline phones participated in the study. Measures were as follows: typical quantities of alcohol consumed per occasion, frequency of drinking, both off and on premise; gender, age groups; and years of education, personal income, prices paid, time of purchase, and liking for alcohol advertisements.ResultsLater times of purchase predicted larger quantities consumed (on and off premise) and more frequent drinking (on premise only). Younger people and males purchased later, and this mediated their heavier consumption. Lower prices paid predicted larger quantities consumed (on premise) and higher frequency of drinking (off premise). Younger and male respondents paid lower prices, and this mediated larger quantities consumed on premise and more frequent drinking off premise. Less well educated paid lower prices, and this mediated drinking more frequently off premise among this group. Liking for alcohol ads predicted drinking larger quantities and higher frequency both off and on premise. Younger and male respondents reported greater liking for ads, and this mediated their consumption of larger quantities and more frequent drinking both on and off premise. Those with higher income drank larger amounts on premise and more frequently on and off, but there were no mediating effects from the policy‐relevant variables.ConclusionsHeavier drinking patterns by young people and those less well educated could be ameliorated by attention to alcohol policy.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Clinically Recognized Alcohol Use Disorders Among Patients from the U.S. Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Williams Emily C. , Gupta Shalini , Rubinsky Anna D. , Jones‐Webb Rhonda , Bensley Kara M. , Young Jessica P. , Hagedorn Hildi , Gifford Elizabeth , Harris Alex H. S. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundAlcohol use disorders (AUDs) are common and have worse consequences for racial/ethnic minority groups than whites. AUDs are often underrecognized in clinical settings, but it is unknown whether the prevalence of clinically recognized AUD varies across racial/ethnic groups. We describe the overall and age‐ and gender‐stratified prevalence of clinically documented AUD across 3 racial/ethnic groups in a national sample of Veterans Health Administration (VA) patients.MethodsData from VA's National Patient Care Database identified all patients who used VA care in Fiscal Year 2012 and were documented as black, Hispanic, or white race/ethnicity. The prevalence of clinically recognized AUD based on ICD‐9 diagnoses was compared across racial/ethnic groups overall and within gender and age groups using chi‐square tests of independence.ResultsAmong 4,666,403 eligible patients, 810,902 (17.4%) were black, 302,331 (6.5%) were Hispanic, and 3,553,170 (76.1%) were white. The prevalence of clinically recognized AUD was 6.5% overall, and 9.8% (95% CI 9.8 to 9.9) among black, 7.1% (95% CI 7.0 to 7.2) among Hispanic, and 5.7% (95% CI 5.6 to 5.7) among white patients (p < 0.001). This pattern generally held for men, regardless of age group, with the exception of those 18 to 29 years old, for whom no difference was observed across race/ethnicity. Among women, the prevalence of AUD was generally lowest among Hispanic and highest among black patients, with the exception of those 30 to 44 years old, for whom the highest prevalence was among whites.ConclusionsIn contrast to findings from the general population, the prevalence of clinically recognized AUD among VA patients is generally highest among black men and women and lowest among white men and Hispanic women. This is the first study to describe the prevalence of clinically recognized AUD across racial/ethnic groups in a large healthcare system. Future research comparing estimates to diagnoses based on structured gold‐standard assessments is needed to understand whether AUDs are under‐ or overidentified.
Alcoholic Hepatitis: Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, and Approach to Treatment
Authors: Yeluru Apurva , Cuthbert Jennifer A. , Casey Lisa , Mitchell Mack C. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundAlcoholic hepatitis (AH) is an inflammatory disorder of the liver characterized clinically by jaundice, hepatomegaly, and abdominal pain, and histologically by macrovesicular steatosis and necroinflammation.MethodsThis clinical review will cover what is known about the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, current treatments, and novel therapies for AH.ResultsThe pathogenesis and treatment of AH remain areas of active research. Although abstinence is the cornerstone of therapy for all stages of alcoholic liver disease, corticosteroids have shown modest short‐term benefits in treatment of severe AH.ConclusionsImproved understanding of the pathogenesis of AH has expanded the range of potential treatments for this devastating disease. Several novel therapies are also currently in various stages of testing through clinical trials.
Inhibitors of Calcium‐Activated Anion Channels Modulate Hypnotic Ethanol Responses in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Carter Jenna M. , Landin Justine D. , Gigante Eduardo D. , Rieger Samuel P. , Diaz Marvin R. , Werner David F. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundEthanol is widely known for its depressant effects; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are not clear. Calcium‐activated anion channels (CAACs) contribute to extracellular chloride levels and thus may be involved in regulating inhibitory mechanisms within the central nervous system. Therefore, we hypothesized that CAACs influence ethanol behavioral sensitivity by altering CAAC expression.MethodsWe assessed the role of CAACs in ethanol‐induced loss of righting reflex (LORR) and locomotor activity using intracerebroventricular infusions of several nonselective CAAC blockers. CAAC expression was determined after ethanol exposure.ResultsEthanol‐induced LORR (4.0 g/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) was significantly attenuated by all 4 CAAC blockers. Blocking CAACs did not impact ethanol's low‐dose (1.5 g/kg, i.p.) locomotor‐impairing effects. Biochemical analysis of CAAC protein expression revealed that cortical Bestrophin1 (Best1) and Tweety1 levels were reduced as early as 30 minutes following a single ethanol injection (3.5 g/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and remained decreased 24 hours later in P2 fractions. Cortical Best1 levels were also reduced following 1.5 g/kg. However, CAAC expression was unaltered in the striatum following a single ethanol exposure. Ethanol did not affect Tweety2 levels in either brain region.ConclusionsThese results suggest that CAACs are a major target of ethanol in vivo, and the regulation of these channels contributes to select behavioral actions of ethanol.