bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reproducible extended ex-vivo normothermic machine liver perfusion protocol utilising improved nutrition and targeted vascular flows
Authors: Clarke George , Mao Jingwen , Hann Angus , Fan Yiyu , Gupta Amita , Nutu Anisa , Buckel Schaffner Erwin , Kayani Kayani , Murphy Nicholas , Bangash Mansoor N. , Casey Anna L. , Wootton Isla , Lawson Alexander J. , Dasari Bobby V. M. , Perera M. Thamara P. R. , Mergental Hynek , Afford Simon C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Normothermic machine perfusion of donor livers has become standard practice in the field of transplantation, allowing the assessment of organs and safe extension of preservation times. Alongside its clinical uses, there has been expanding interest in extended normothermic machine perfusion (eNMP) of livers as a potential vehicle for medical research. Reproducible extended normothermic machine perfusion has remained elusive due to its increased complexity and monitoring requirements. We set out to develop a reproducible protocol for the extended normothermic machine perfusion of whole human livers.

Methods
Human livers declined for transplantation were perfused using a blood-based perfusate at 36 °C using the Liver Assist device (XVIVO, Sweden), with continuous veno-venous haemofiltration in-parallel. We developed the protocol in a stepwise fashion.

Results
Perfusion techniques utilised included: targeted physiological vascular flows, phosphate replacement (to prevent hypophosphataemia), N-acetylcysteine (to prevent methaemoglobin accumulation), and the utilisation of sodium lactate as both a nutritional source and real-time measure of hepatocyte function. All five human livers perfused with the developed protocol showed preserved function with a median perfusion time of 168 h (range 120–184 h), with preserved viability throughout.

Conclusions
Livers can be reproducibly perfused in excess of 120 (range 121–184) hours with evidence of preserved hepatocyte and cholangiocyte function.
Dynamical friction and the evolution of black holes in cosmological simulations: A new implementation in OpenGadget3
Authors: Damiano Alice , Valentini Milena , Borgani Stefano , Tornatore Luca , Murante Giuseppe , Ragagnin Antonio , Ragone-Figueroa Cinthia , Dolag Klaus 
Published: October 2024

Aims. We introduce a novel sub-resolution prescription to correct for the unresolved dynamical friction (DF) onto black holes (BHs) in cosmological simulations, to describe BH dynamics accurately, and to overcome spurious motions induced by numerical effects.
Methods. We implemented a sub-resolution prescription for the unresolved DF onto BHs in the OpenGadget3 code. We carried out cosmological simulations of a volume of (16 comoving Mpc)3 and zoomed-in simulations of a galaxy group and of a galaxy cluster. We assessed the advantages of our new technique in comparison to commonly adopted methods for hampering spurious BH displacements, namely repositioning onto a local minimum of the gravitational potential and ad hoc boosting of the BH particle dynamical mass. We inspected variations in BH demography in terms of offset from the centres of the host sub-halos, the wandering population of BHs, BH–BH merger rates, and the occupation fraction of sub-halos. We also analysed the impact of the different prescriptions on individual BH interaction events in detail.
Results. The newly introduced DF correction enhances the centring of BHs on host halos, the effects of which are at least comparable with those of alternative techniques. Also, the correction becomes gradually more effective as the redshift decreases. Simulations with this correction predict half as many merger events with respect to the repositioning prescription, with the advantage of being less prone to leaving substructures without any central BH. Simulations featuring our DF prescription produce a smaller (by up to ~50% with respect to repositioning) population of wandering BHs and final BH masses that are in good agreement with observations. Regarding individual BH–BH interactions, our DF model captures the gradual inspiraling of orbits before the merger occurs. By contrast, the repositioning scheme, in its most classical renditions, describes extremely fast mergers, while the dynamical mass misrepresents the dynamics of the black holes, introducing numerical scattering between the orbiting BHs.
Conclusions. The novel DF correction improves the accuracy if tracking BHs within their hosts galaxies and the pathway to BH- BH mergers. This opens up new possibilities for better modeling the evolution of BH populations in cosmological simulations across different times and different environments.
Template based segmental mandibulectomy with nerve preservation and patient-specific PEEK plate reconstruction in a dog
Authors: Zobel Anne , Böttcher Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 7-year-old French Bulldog presented with an acanthomatous ameloblastoma affecting approximately 30% of the right mandibular body. We utilized a patient-specific 3D-printed surgical template to perform lateral fenestration of the mandible and elevation of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), facilitating nerve preservation during subsequent segmental mandibulectomy. The resulting critical-sized bone defect was anatomically stabilized using a patient-specific polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bridging plate. The recovery process was uneventful, with maintained occlusion and orofacial sensitivity.Similar to cases in humans with ameloblastoma, preserving orofacial sensitivity through the preservation of the inferior alveolar nerve seems feasible in dogs. Consequently, potential negative consequences of permanent regional denervation, which are unavoidable in traditional mandibulectomy, can be avoided. Bridging the ostectomy with a PEEK plate, offering advantages such as radiolucency, absence of imaging artifacts, and a modulus of elasticity similar to bone, proved to be functional in this canine patient, with no signs of complications observed up to the latest follow-up at 6 months.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Allograft Reconstruction in Females Can Produce Outcomes Comparable to Those of Autografts in Male Counterparts
Authors: Park Sung Bae , Lee Yong Seuk 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere are unique anatomical and geometric risk factors that contribute to higher injury rates of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in women. Allografts are an important alternative option for female patients.Patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were retrospectively evaluated. The case group comprised female patients with ACL allograft reconstruction, and the control group comprised male patients with ACL reconstruction. Functional and clinical evaluations were based on the pre- and postoperative Cybex test, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective and objective measurement criteria, and Tegner Activity Scale questionnaires. Radiological comparisons were performed using the femorotibial angle (FTA), posterior tibial slope (PTS), and intercondylar notch width (INW). The roof inclination angle (RIA) was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging.The two groups (female [44] and male [88]) had an average follow-up period of 57.9 ± 19.3 months and average ages of 36.5 ± 10.9 and 35.2 ± 11.7 years, respectively. Functional and clinical outcomes showed no differences between the groups, except that the return to the preinjury activity level was higher in the female group (95% vs. 77%, p < 0.001). The female group showed larger FTA and PTS and smaller INW and RIA than those of the male group (p < 0.001, 0.008, <0.001, and 0.035, respectively).Female ACL allograft reconstruction showed comparable outcomes to those of their male counterparts, and the return to preinjury activity levels was significantly higher in women. However, women showed lower activity levels and were more vulnerable to geometric risk factors than their male counterparts.
Uncommon Neurosyphilis: Subacute Meningomyelitis with Distinctive “Candle Guttering Appearance”
Authors: Wang Liwen , Fang Jing , Wang Juan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, we presented an exceedingly rare clinical case of neurosyphilis, radiological revealed a distinctive “candle guttering appearance.” Posttreatment for syphilis, both clinical symptoms and radiological markers showed complete resolution.
Defect dependent electronic properties of WTe2: a first-principles study
Authors: Yelgel Celal , C Yelgel Övgü 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) possesses fascinating electronic structures and exceptional properties that make it highly suitable for use in cutting-edge devices. Defects in WTe2 can have a significant influence on its properties, both in advantageous and disadvantageous ways. Thus, a precise classification is crucial to fully comprehend the potential impacts. Here we report a thorough investigation of the electronic characteristics of intrinsic defects, including point defects, in monolayer WTe2 using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Our research suggests that the presence of point defects can cause a notable shift in electronic properties, resulting in a metallic behaviour. This is due to the interesting phenomenon of Fermi-level changing near the band edges. Our research findings indicate that the energy required to form a vacancy in a Te atom is lower compared to that of a vacancy in a W atom. Based on the findings, it appears that Te atom vacancies are more likely to be generated during the synthesis process. Defects like the Te vacancy and Mo substitution in the pristine monolayer of WTe2 result in a subtle reduction in the band gap, while still maintaining its characteristics as a direct band gap semiconductor. Our study reveals that the electronic properties of monolayer WTe2 can be significantly altered by the presence of vacancy defects. This discovery highlights the exciting potential of WTe2 as a promising platform for various electronic applications. Our research is anticipated to have a beneficial impact on the comprehension and control of the characteristics of WTe2, thus expediting the development of nanomaterials in various fields.
Automated planning of curved needle channels in 3D printed patient-tailored applicators for cervical cancer brachytherapy
Authors: Straathof Robin , van Vliet-Pérez Sharline M , Kolkman-Deurloo Inger-Karine K , Wauben Linda S G L , Nout Remi A , Heijmen Ben J M , Rossi Linda , Dankelman Jenny , van de Berg Nick J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose. Patient-tailored intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) brachytherapy (BT) applicators may increase dose conformity in cervical cancer patients. Current configuration planning methods in these custom applicators rely on manual specification or a small set of (straight) needles. This work introduces and validates a two-stage approach for establishing channel configurations in the 3D printed patient-tailored ARCHITECT applicator. Methods. For each patient, the patient-tailored applicator shape was based on the first BT application with a commercial applicator and integrated connectors to a commercial (Geneva) intrauterine tube and two lunar ring channels. First, a large candidate set was generated of channels that steer the needle to desired poses in the target region and are contained in the applicator. The channels’ centrelines were represented by Bézier curves. Channels running between straight target segments and entry points were optimised and refined to ensure (dynamic) feasibility. Second, channel configurations were selected using geometric coverage optimisation. This workflow was applied to establish patient-tailored geometries for twenty-two patients previously treated using the Venezia applicator. Treatment plans were automatically generated using the in-house developed algorithm BiCycle. Plans for the clinically used configuration,

T

P

clin

, and patient-tailored configuration,

T

P

arch

, were compared. Results. Channel configurations could be generated in clinically feasible time (median: 2651 s, range 1826–3812 s). All

T

P

arch

and

T

P

clin

plans were acceptable, but planning aims were more frequently attained with patient-tailored configurations (115/132 versus 100/132 instances). Median CTVIR

D

98

and bladder

D

2

c

m

3

doses significantly improved (

p

<

0.001 and

p

<

0.01 respectively) in

T

P

arch

plans in comparison with

T

P

clin

plans, and in approximately half of the patients dosimetric indices improved. Conclusion. Automated patient-tailored BT channel configuration planning for 3D printed applicators is clinically feasible. A treatment planning study showed that all plans met planning limits for the patient-tailored configurations, and in selected cases improved the plan quality in comparison with commercial applicator configurations.
Energy efficiency of reactive species generation in radio frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jets driven by tailored voltage waveforms in a He/O2 mixture
Authors: Vass Máté , Schulenberg David , Donkó Zoltán , Hartmann Peter , Steuer David , Böke Marc , Schulz-von der Gathen Volker , Korolov Ihor , Mussenbrock Thomas , Schulze Julian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The effect of the shape of the applied voltage waveform on the energy efficiency of reactive species generation is investigated in an atmospheric pressure RF microplasma jet operated in a He/O2 mixture (99.5%/0.5%) based on a one-dimensional hybrid fluid-kinetic simulation method. Using a tailored waveform synthesized from four consecutive harmonics (with a base frequency of

f

b

=
13.56

MHz and amplitudes of

(
160

/

k
)

V for the k-th harmonic), it is shown that by changing the identical phases of the even harmonics in the waveform, ϕ, the generation efficiencies of three specific reactive species (helium metastables, atomic and vibrationally excited oxygen), defined as the ratio of mean density and input plasma power, attain their maxima for different values of ϕ, due to changes in the Electron Energy Probability Function (EEPF). The phase control of the EEPF and its critical role in modulating generation energy efficiencies are explained in detail. The simulation results are verified by experimental (Phase Resolved Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Two Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence) data.
J

c

(
B
)

transformer rectifier flux pump optimisation via simulation
Authors: Francis A C , Moseley D A , Clarke J , Badcock R A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Superconducting power supplies commonly known as flux pumps are becoming viable products in various industries. In this work we investigate magnetically switched (

J

c

(
B
)

) half-wave transformer rectifier flux pumps (TRFPs) via a simulation previously validated against an experimental system. Upgrades to the model are introduced, namely the transition to a fully hysteretic transformer reluctance model and the introduction of a conduction cooling thermal model. The conduction cooling model allows direct comparison between liquid cryogen and conduction cooled systems, highlighting the distinct variations in response. This study focuses on parameter sweeps over some of the most important aspects of a TRFP such as; input power, cooling paths and switch length. The findings from these variable sweeps shed light on how to best design the different aspects of a TRFP for most applications and the conclusions drawn throughout this work can be applied to most TRFP types. Some of the major findings from this work are; i. the need for dedicated cooling busses in TRFP switches, ii. that increased switch lengths increase voltage generation but negatively impact cooling effectiveness iii. that the reduction of the metallic coatings surrounding commercial coated conductors results in larger switch voltages.
An analytical model for predicting the magnetization loss in HTS sector-shaped conductors for fusion
Authors: De Marzi Gianluca , Muzzi Luigi , Grilli Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Within the framework of magnetic confinement fusion, several projects worldwide are demonstrating the possibility of integrating high-temperature superconductors (HTS) in the coil systems. HTS-based technologies are highly attractive for practical applications because they can extend the operating margins of fusion coils in terms of higher temperatures, transport currents and magnetic fields. Based on the results achieved with the twisted-stacked tape cable, we have designed a novel low-loss HTS sector cable-in-conduit conductor, with a target of 60 kA at 4.5 k, 18 T, which is presently of interest for the DEMO Central Solenoid coil. In HTS cables, the AC losses can represent a significant limiting factor, therefore they must be taken into consideration both in the design phase and in the assessment of the overall magnet thermal budget. In this work, to assess the loss behavior and to optimize the cable design, we have explored different aspect ratios and arrangements of the stacked tapes within the cable layout. The magnetization losses are calculated with a 2D finite-element model based on the T-A formulation and analytical approximations based on the Brandt-Halse critical state model. Specifically, we have developed an analytical formulation that allows for the calculation of the instantaneous power losses in HTS stacked cables with a limited number of tapes per stack, achieving sufficient accuracy at high fields. The analytical model enables a sufficiently accurate assessment of the heat deposited on the conductor during those particular instants of a plasma scenario where the variation of the field is very high, such as during the critical initial discharge period of the plasma initiation.
Thermalization and hotspot formation around small primordial black holes
Authors: He Minxi , Kohri Kazunori , Mukaida Kyohei , Yamada Masaki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We quantitatively analyze a basic question: what is the stationary solution of the background plasma temperature profile around a black hole (BH)? One may naively expect that the temperature profile continuously decreases from the Hawking temperature at the surface of the BH towards an outer region. We show analytically and numerically that this is not the case because local thermal equilibrium cannot be maintained near the surface of the BH and also because the high-energy particles emitted from Hawking radiation cannot be instantaneously thermalized into the background plasma. The temperature profile has a plateau within a finite distance from the BH, and even the overall amplitude of background temperature at a distance far away from the BH is significantly suppressed compared with the naive expectation. The main reason for these counterintuitive results comes from the fact that the size of the BH is too small that particles of Hawking radiation goes far away within the typical time scale of interactions.
Using Cartesian Slice Plots of a Cosmological Simulation as Input of a Convolutional Neural Network*
Authors: Arreaga-García Guillermo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Using a uniform partitioning of cubic cells, we cover the total volume of a ΛCDM cosmological simulation based on particles. We define a visualization cell as a spatial extension of the cubic cell, so that we collect all simulation particles contained in this visualization cell to create a series of Cartesian plots in which the overdensity of matter is clearly visible. We then use these plots as input to a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the Keras library and TensorFlow for image classification. To assign a class to each plot, we approximate the Hessian of the gravitational potential in the center of the cubic cells. Each selected cubic cell is then assigned a label of 1, 2 or 3, depending on the number of positive eigenvalues obtained for the Householder reduction of the Hessian matrix. We apply the CNN to several models, including two models with different visualization volumes, one with a cell size of type L (large) and the other with a cell type S (small). A third model combines the plots of the previous L and S cell types. So far, we have mainly considered a slice parallel to the XY plane to make the plots. The last model is considered based on visualizations of cells that also include slices parallel to the ZX and ZY planes. We find that the accuracy in classification plots is acceptable, and the ability of the models to predict the class works well. These results allow us to demonstrate the aim of this paper, namely that the usual Cartesian plots contain enough information to identify the observed structures of the cosmic web.
History of the origin and status of smallholder oil palm plantations in South Sumatera Province
Authors: Nurjannah S , Masyithoh G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The history, origin and land status of independent oil palm plantations are interesting to discuss considering the many negative perspectives because they are considered to cause deforestation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the history of the origin of land ownership of smallholder oil palm plantations. The research was conducted in 2020 in four locations of smallholder oil palm plantations in South Sumatra Province. The methods used were interviews with plantation owners, literature search methods, interpretation of Landsat imagery, and overlay analysis of oil palm plantation area maps with TGHK (Agreed Forest Use) maps and South Sumatera provincial spatial plan maps (RTRWP). The results showed that land ownership is privately owned as evidenced by land ownership certificates. All plantation owners do not yet have STD-B (Surat Tanda Daftar Budidaya or Cultivation Registration Letter), so they cannot apply for ISPO certification. Land ownership is based on inheritance and purchase from previous oil palm plantation owners. The land use status of all plantations is APL (non-forestry use area) as evidenced by maps from the RTRWP and the 2016 Minister of Forestry Decree. The results of tracing the history of land use in four community oil palm plantations are community fields, and the results of Landsat image interpretation show that one year before planting was agricultural land.
The land use history and origin of land status oil palm plantations in South Sumatera
Authors: Aso O P , Muhsandi K , Gustiawan I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Oil palm is the fastest-growing plantation commodity in Indonesia. However, the development of oil palm plantations is often accompanied by land conversion and changes in land cover. As a result, oil palm plantations are frequently associated with the threat of deforestation, which is rampant in Indonesia. Government regulations on oil palm plantation business licenses should protect these plantations from deforestation. The objective of this research is to study the origin of land use status and history, and to analyze land cover changes of oil palm plantations in South Sumatra. Data collection was carried out through literature review, interviews, overlay analysis of plantation area maps with forest use agreement maps, and the regional spatial plan of South Sumatra province (RTRWP maps), as well as Landsat image interpretation analysis. The process of obtaining permits in 1987 for PT WAI and in 2005 for PT SAML involved area acquisition and deliberations with indigenous peoples holding customary rights and land rights. The results of the overlay analysis between the plantation map and the forest use agreement (TGHK), forest area, and South Sumatra RTRWP maps show that of the total 22,364.82 hectares of two large-scale oil palm plantations, 38.83% is forest area consisting of 97.54% convertible production forest (HPK), 2.37% nature conservation area (KSA/KPA), and 0.09% production forests (HP).