bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone quantitative susceptibility mapping using a chemical species–specific signal model with ultrashort and conventional echo data
Authors: Dimov Alexey V. , Liu Zhe , Spincemaille Pascal , Prince Martin R. , Du Jiang , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo develop quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of bone using an ultrashort echo time (UTE) gradient echo (GRE) sequence for signal acquisition and a bone‐specific effective transverse relaxation rate (
) to model water–fat MR signals for field mapping.MethodsThree‐dimensional radial UTE data (echo times ≥ 40 μs) was acquired on a 3 Tesla scanner and fitted with a bone‐specific signal model to map the chemical species and susceptibility field. Experiments were performed ex vivo on a porcine hoof and in vivo on healthy human subjects (n = 7). For water–fat separation, a bone‐specific model assigning
decay mostly to water was compared with the standard models that assigned the same decay for both fat and water. In the ex vivo experiment, bone QSM was correlated with CT.ResultsCompared with standard models, the bone‐specific
method significantly reduced errors in the fat fraction within the cortical bone in all tested data sets, leading to reduced artifacts in QSM. Good correlation was found between bone CT and QSM values in the porcine hoof (R2 = 0.77). Bone QSM was successfully generated in all subjects.ConclusionsThe QSM of bone is feasible using UTE with a conventional echo time GRE acquisition and a bone‐specific
signal model. Magn Reson Med 79:121–128, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
High‐resolution in vivo diffusion imaging of the human brain with generalized slice dithered enhanced resolution: Simultaneous multislice (gSlider‐SMS)
Authors: Setsompop Kawin , Fan Qiuyun , Stockmann Jason , Bilgic Berkin , Huang Susie , Cauley Stephen F. , Nummenmaa Aapo , Wang Fuyixue , Rathi Yogesh , Witzel Thomas , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo develop an efficient acquisition for high‐resolution diffusion imaging and allow in vivo whole‐brain acquisitions at 600‐ to 700‐μm isotropic resolution.MethodsWe combine blipped‐controlled aliasing in parallel imaging simultaneous multislice (SMS) with a novel slab radiofrequency (RF) encoding gSlider (generalized slice‐dithered enhanced resolution) to form a signal‐to‐noise ratio–efficient volumetric simultaneous multislab acquisition. Here, multiple thin slabs are acquired simultaneously with controlled aliasing, and unaliased with parallel imaging. To achieve high resolution in the slice direction, the slab is volumetrically encoded using RF encoding with a scheme similar to Hadamard encoding. However, with gSlider, the RF‐encoding bases are specifically designed to be highly independent and provide high image signal‐to‐noise ratio in each slab acquisition to enable self‐navigation of the diffusion's phase corruption. Finally, the method is combined with zoomed imaging (while retaining whole‐brain coverage) to facilitate low‐distortion single‐shot in‐plane encoding with echo‐planar imaging at high resolution.ResultsA 10‐slices‐per‐shot gSlider‐SMS acquisition was used to acquire whole‐brain data at 660 and 760 μm isotropic resolution with b‐values of 1500 and 1800 s/mm2, respectively. Data were acquired on the Connectome 3 Tesla scanner with 64‐channel head coil. High‐quality data with excellent contrast were achieved at these resolutions, which enable the visualization of fine‐scale structures.ConclusionsThe gSlider‐SMS approach provides a new, efficient way to acquire high‐resolution diffusion data. Magn Reson Med 79:141–151, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Synthesis and characterization of multiwall carbon nanotube/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Hajializadeh Shahla , Barikani Mehdi , Bellah Samad Moemen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe preparation of thermoplastic nanocomposites of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via an in situ polymerization approach is presented. The effects of the presence and content of MWCNTs on the morphology and thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. Carbon nanotubes were modified with amide groups in order to enhance their chemical affinity towards WBPU. Thermogravimetric studies show enhanced thermal stability of the nanocomposites. Scanning and transmission electronic microscopy images prove that functionalized carbon nanotubes can be effectively dispersed in WBPU matrix. Mechanical properties reveal that Young's modulus and tensile strength tend to increase when appropriate amounts of MWCNTs are loaded due to the reinforcing effect of the functionalized carbon nanotubes. Thermal properties show an increase in the glass transition temperature and storage modulus with an increase in MWCNT content. X‐ray diffraction reveals better crystallization of the WBPU in the presence of MWCNTs. The WBPU/MWCNT nanocomposite film containing 1 wt% of MWCNTs exhibits a conductivity nearly five orders of magnitude higher than that of WBPU film. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Single‐molecule mechanochemical characterization of E. coli pol III core catalytic activity
Authors: Naufer M. Nabuan , Murison David A. , Rouzina Ioulia , Beuning Penny J. , Williams Mark C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPol III core is the three‐subunit subassembly of the E. coli replicative DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. It contains the catalytic polymerase subunit α, the 3′ → 5′ proofreading exonuclease ε, and a subunit of unknown function, θ. We employ optical tweezers to characterize pol III core activity on a single DNA substrate. We observe polymerization at applied template forces F < 25 pN and exonucleolysis at F > 30 pN. Both polymerization and exonucleolysis occur as a series of short bursts separated by pauses. For polymerization, the initiation rate after pausing is independent of force. In contrast, the exonucleolysis initiation rate depends strongly on force. The measured force and concentration dependence of exonucleolysis initiation fits well to a two‐step reaction scheme in which pol III core binds bimolecularly to the primer‐template junction, then converts at rate k2 into an exo‐competent conformation. Fits to the force dependence of kinit show that exo initiation requires fluctuational opening of two base pairs, in agreement with temperature‐ and mismatch‐dependent bulk biochemical assays. Taken together, our results support a model in which the pol and exo activities of pol III core are effectively independent, and in which recognition of the 3′ end of the primer by either α or ε is governed by the primer stability. Thus, binding to an unstable primer is the primary mechanism for mismatch recognition during proofreading, rather than an alternative model of duplex defect recognition.
Design, Network Analysis, In Silico Modeling and Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Nanocomposites as Anticancer Agent
Authors: Panneerselvam Theivendren , Arumugam Subramanian , Ali Mohamed Ashraf , Selvaraj Kunjiappan , Indhumathy Murugan , Sivakumar Arumugam , Joshi Shrinivas D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA novel benzimidazole was synthesized and formulated as a nanocomposite and it was characterized by spectral, elemental analyses followed by the nanocomposite was screened for their anticancer activity. The anticancer screening of synthesized compounds was evaluated against two different cancer cell lines. Molecular modelling was performed to identify drug‐receptor interaction using three dimensional crystal structures of human protein p38α. The formulated nanocomposite produces p38α MAP Kinases inhibitory activity with IC50 <1μm. Moreover, nanocomposite possesses significant anticancer activity than synthesized benzimidazole. The high levels of activity shown by nanocomposites were suggesting that the conversion of synthetic motif into nanocomposite could be serving as leads for development of novelty with enhanced biological activities. These results provide a further insight into target to develop potential new agents to combat various biological activities.
Field‐Dependent Magnetic Behaviour in MnII(dicarboxylate)‐(bipyridyl)‐type 3D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Interpenetrated Structures
Authors: Goswami Soumyabrata , Leitus Gregory , Goldberg Israel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThree new three‐dimensional (3D) MnII based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) [{Mn(tda)(bpy)}4⋅2CH3CN]n (1), [Mn(tda)(bpe)⋅xH2O]n (2) and [Mn(tda)(4‐bpmh)⋅2CH3CN]n (3) have been solvothermally synthesized using MnCl2⋅4H2O, thiophene‐2, 5‐dicarboxylic acid (H2tda) and different pyridyl N,N′‐donor spacer ligands [bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridyl, bpe = 1,2‐bis‐(4‐pyridyl)ethylene and 4‐bpmh = N,N′‐bispyridine‐4‐yl‐methylene‐hydrazine]. Structural study reveals twofold interpenetrated 3D pillar‐layer structures for all three complexes, constructed from two‐dimensional (2D) Mn‐carboxylate layers and neutral bipyridyl pillars. The 2D layers represent continuous extension of dinuclear [Mn2(CO2)4N4] nodes inter‐connected via the tda ligands. Topological characterization represents a twofold interpenetrated 6‐connected uninodal net with pcu α‐Po primitive cubic topology. Variable temperature magnetic measurements in the three complexes reveal the presence of similar antiferromagnetic interactions between neighbouring MnII ions, mediated through syn‐syn carboxylate bridges. However, temperature dependent susceptibility plots taken at different magnetic fields show that the antiferromagnetic interactions observed in the complexes at lower magnetic fields are overcome by some inter‐cluster interactions at higher magnetic fields. This interesting feature has also been perceived from field‐dependent magnetization measurements and the hysteresis data.
Tragfähigkeit von Winkelprofilen bei Druckbeanspruchung und realen Lagerungsbedingungen
Authors: Kettler Markus , Unterweger Harald 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden sowohl die Drucktragfähigkeiten von Labortests aus der einschlägigen Fachliteratur als auch die Ergebnisse einer numerischen Studie zum Tragverhalten von Winkelprofilen bei Druckbeanspruchung und realen Lagerungsbedingungen aufbereitet und vergleichend dargestellt. Den Schwerpunkt bilden dabei beidseits geschraubte Ausführungsformen. Die präsentierten Drucktragfähigkeiten werden außerdem mit den gültigen Normenregelungen für den Freileitungsbau sowie für den allgemeinen Stahlbau (Hochbau) verglichen. Das ausgearbeitete Beispiel am Ende des Beitrags ergänzt den Vergleich und kann als Hilfestellung für die Praxis dienen.
Vorschläge zum Bau von Verbundbögen an Stabbogenbrücken
Authors: Bransch Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDer vorwiegend druckbeanspruchte Bogen von Stabbogen brücken (Langerscher Balken) ist meist in Stahl ausgeführt. Dies widerspricht dem Grundsatz, Beton bei Druckbeanspruchung und Stahl bei Zugbeanspruchung einzusetzen. Die einfache Montage der Stahlbögen gegenüber einem aufwändigen Lehrgerüst bei Beton, hohe Vorfertigung und ein geringes Montagegewicht gegenüber einem schweren Betonbogen sind Gründe für die Verwendung des Stahlbogens. Als Alternative zum Stahl‐ oder Betonbogen werden Vorschläge für einen Verbundbogen an „normalen” Stabbogenbrücken aufgezeigt. Dieser vereint, wie eine Verbundstütze, viele Vorteile der Stahl‐ und Stahlbeton bauweise.Berechnungen zeigen, dass einbetonierte Walzprofile für Stab bögen üblicher Stützweite einsetzbar sind. Diese bieten wirtschaftliche Vorteile und das Walzprofil dient als Schalungsträger oder Schalung. Ausbetonierte Hohlprofile ermöglichen besonders schlanke Bögen und dienen ebenso als Schalung. Weiterhin sind mögliche Bogenfußpunkte angegeben und analysiert.Stabbogenbrücken werden häufig auf einem Vormontageplatz montiert und anschließend in die Endlage verschoben. Hier bieten Verbundbögen Vorteile durch ein gegenüber reinen Stahl bögen leichteres Stahlskelett beim Verschub der Brücke.
Digitales Planen und Bauen – Vorteile im Stahlbau
Authors: Münzner Hinrich , Schmidt Ingo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDie Planung, Fertigung und Montage in Stahlbauunternehmen ist von der modernen IT‐Infrastruktur geprägt und bildet eine hoch integrierte Einheit. Die Anbindung an den gesamtheitlichen Lebenszyklus des Gebäudes ist im herkömmlichen, nach Leistungsphasen gegliederten Planungsablauf, nur begrenzt möglich. Mit Einführung der BIM‐Methode hat der Stahlbau die Chance, sich in die Prozesskette einzubinden und die vielfältigen vorhandenen Erfahrungen in der digitalen Planung und Fertigung auf die gesamte Prozesskette auszuweiten.
Wettability Modification of Lignite by Adsorption of Dodecyl Based Surfactants for Inhibition of Moisture Re‐adsorption
Authors: Liu Yutao , Liu Shengyu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn order to restrain moisture re‐adsorption of dried lignite, a series of dodecyl based surfactants with various hydrophilic heads including dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), dodecyl nonaethoxyl ether (C12EO9) and a gemini surfactant (G12‐2‐12) were used to adsorb on lignite surface for wettability modification. The adsorption isotherms and zeta potential were determined to study the adsorption process. Lagergren‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics models were used to simulate the adsorption kinetics. The modified lignite was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, and the wettability of it was evaluated by the wetting heat and moisture re‐adsorption ratio. The results indicate that hydrophilic heads of surfactants play an important role in adsorption mechanisms and structures of their adsorption layers on lignite surface, which are responsible for wettability alteration. Four surfactants produce different effects on restraining moisture re‐adsorption of lignite: the effect of cationic surfactants is better and worse for anionic surfactant SDS, while the non‐ionic surfactant C12EO9 shows intermediate behavior. But with the formation of double‐layer adsorption, hydrophilic headgroups of surfactant face outward, which causes hydrophilicity of lignite to rise again. Combining adsorption situations and wettability modification effects, the relationship between molecular orientation of four surfactants on a lignite surface and wettability reversal of lignite are discussed.
Sexual Rehabilitation After Treatment for Prostate Cancer—Part 1: Recommendations From the Fourth International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2015)
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Adaikan Ganesh , Buvat Jacques , Carrier Serge , El-Meliegy Amr , Hatzimouratidis Kostas , McCullough Andrew , Morgentaler Abraham , Torres Luiz Otavio , Khera Mohit 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionSexual dysfunction is common in patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer.AimTo provide the International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM) 2015 recommendations concerning prevention and management strategies for post-RP erectile function impairment in terms of preoperative patient characteristics and intraoperative factors that could influence erectile function recovery.MethodsA literature search was performed using Google and PubMed databases for English-language original and review articles published up to August 2016.Main Outcome MeasuresLevels of evidence (LEs) and grades of recommendations (GRs) based on a thorough analysis of the literature and committee consensus.ResultsNine recommendations are provided by the ICSM 2015 committee on sexual rehabilitation after RP. Recommendation 1 states that clinicians should discuss the occurrence of postsurgical erectile dysfunction (temporary or permanent) with every candidate for RP (expert opinion, clinical principle). Recommendation 2 states that validated instruments for assessing erectile function recovery such as the International Index of Erectile Function and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questionnaires are available to monitor EF recovery after RP (LE = 1, GR = A). Recommendation 3 states there is insufficient evidence that a specific surgical technique (open vs laparoscopic vs robot-assisted radical prostatectomy) promotes better results in postoperative EF recovery (LE = 2, GR = C). Recommendation 4 states that recognized predictors of EF recovery include but are not limited to younger age, preoperative EF, and bilateral nerve-sparing surgery (LE = 2, GR = B). Recommendation 5 states that patients should be informed about key elements of the pathophysiology of postoperative erectile dysfunction, such as nerve injury and cavernous venous leak (expert opinion, clinical principle).ConclusionsThis article discusses Recommendations 1 to 5 of the ICSM 2015 committee on sexual rehabilitation after RP.
A priori interior gradient bounds for solutions to elliptic Weingarten equations
Authors: Korevaar Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2017

In this paper a maximum principle approach is used to derive
a priori
interior gradient bounds for smooth solutions to the Weingarten equations

f(\mathrm{\lambda }) = \sum \limits_{i_{1}\: < \:i_{2}\: < \:…\: < i_{k}}\mathrm{\lambda }_{i_{1}}…\mathrm{\lambda }_{i_{k}} = \mathrm{\psi }(x,\:u,\:v).

Here

λ = (λ_1, …, λ_n)

is the vector of principal curvatures of the graph of u at a point

(x, u(x))

on the graph, with downward normal

v

. One requires a one-sided height bound

(u < 0)

, natural structure conditions on the prescribed function

ψ

, and the restriction that all

λ

lie in a certain cone of eigenvalues for which

f

is elliptic. The result generalizes what is known to be true for the prescribed mean curvature equation (

k = 1

).

Résumé

Dans cet article une méthode de principe du maximum est employée pour dériver une majoration
a priori
des gradients intérieurs pour les solutions

C^3

d’équations elliptiques de Weingarten:

f(\mathrm{\lambda }) = \sum \limits_{i_{1}\: < \:i_{2}\: < \:…\: < i_{k}}\mathrm{\lambda }_{i_{1}}…\mathrm{\lambda }_{i_{k}} = \mathrm{\psi }(x,\:u,\:v).

ici

λ = (λ_1, …, λ_n)

est le vecteur des courbatures du graphe de

u

au point

(x, u(x))

de ce graphe avec un normal (vers le bas)

v

. Il faut avoir une majoration

(u < 0)

, des conditions naturelles sur la fonction

ψ

, et la contrainte que tous les

λ

se situent dans un certain cône de valeurs propres pour lesquelles

f

est elliptique. Ce résultat généralise ce qui est connu dans le cas de l’équation de la courbature moyenne (

k = 1

).
Understanding discrete capillary-wave turbulence using a quasi-resonant kinetic equation
Authors: Pan Yulin , Yue Dick K. P. 
Published: March 2017

Experimental and numerical studies have shown that, with sufficient nonlinearity, the theoretical capillary-wave power-law spectrum derived from the kinetic equation (KE) of weak turbulence theory can be realized. This is despite the fact that the KE is derived assuming an infinite domain with continuous wavenumber, while experiments and numerical simulations are conducted in realistic finite domains with discrete wavenumbers for which the KE theoretically allows no energy transfer. To understand this, we first analyse results from direct simulations of the primitive Euler equations to elucidate the role of nonlinear resonance broadening (NRB) in discrete turbulence. We define a quantitative measure of the NRB, explaining its dependence on the nonlinearity level and its effect on the properties of the obtained stationary power-law spectra. This inspires us to develop a new quasi-resonant kinetic equation (QKE) for discrete turbulence, which incorporates the mechanism of NRB, governed by a single parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ expressing the ratio of NRB and wavenumber discreteness. At $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{0}\approx 0.02$, the QKE recovers simultaneously the spectral slope $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{0}=-17/4$ and the Kolmogorov constant $C_{0}=6.97$ (corrected from the original derivation) of the theoretical continuous spectrum, which physically represents the upper bound of energy cascade capacity for the discrete turbulence. For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{0}$, the obtained spectra represent those corresponding to a finite domain with insufficient nonlinearity, resulting in a steeper spectral slope $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{0}$ and reduced capacity of energy cascade $C>C_{0}$. The physical insights from the QKE are corroborated by direct simulation results of the Euler equations.
Faxén form of time-domain force on a sphere in unsteady spatially varying viscous compressible flows
Authors: Annamalai Subramanian , Balachandar S. 
Published: March 2017

An explicit expression for the time-dependent force on a stationary, finite-sized spherical particle located in an unsteady inhomogeneous ambient flow is presented. The force expression accounts for both viscous and compressible effects. Towards this end, a time-harmonic plane travelling wave of a given frequency propagating in a viscous compressible flow over a sphere is considered. Linearized compressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved to obtain an analytical expression for the force exerted on the particle in the frequency domain. The force obtained in the Laplace space due to a travelling wave of a given frequency and wavenumber is then generalized to any arbitrary incoming flow. This is achieved by relating the radial and tangential velocity components in the Laplace space to the surface-averaged radial velocity and volume-averaged velocity vectors respectively in the time space. Moreover an expression relating the surface-averaged radial velocity and volume-averaged velocity vector has been provided. The total force is written as a summation of the undisturbed and disturbed force (quasi-steady, inviscid-unsteady and viscous-unsteady) contributions. The force contributions thus obtained are expressed as comprising of two parts – that arising due to spatial variation in the ambient flow and the other arising due to temporal variation. The current formulation is applicable to inhomogeneous ambient flows, however in the limit of negligible Reynolds and Mach numbers. The results are applicable even for particles of sizes larger than the acoustic wavelength. The accuracy of the explicit time-domain force expression is first tested by computing the force on an 80 mm diameter particle due to a weak planar expansion fan. Extension of this formulation when nonlinear effects become important is also proposed and tested by considering strong expansion fans. The results thus obtained are compared against corresponding axisymmetric numerical simulations.