bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐stage electrolytic capacitor less non‐inverting buck‐boost PFC based AC–DC ripple free LED driver
Authors: Ramanjaneya Reddy Udumula , Narasimharaju Beeramangalla Lakshminarasaiah 
Published: September 2016

This study proposes electrolytic capacitor (EC) less power factor correction (PFC) light emitting diode (LED) driver with reduced current ripple. Generally PFC LED drivers need massive ECs to diminish output current ripple. The life‐span of LED driver significantly reduces due to short life‐span of ECs, and hence demands for EC‐less LED drivers. The proposed LED driver is composed of non‐inverting buck‐boost PFC converter and bi‐directional converter (BDC) for ripple current cancellation which replace the short‐life ECs with long‐life film capacitors. The PFC converter is designed with discontinuous conduction mode in order to ensure unity power factor operation. The role of BDC is to absorb second harmonic ac ripple current of PFC converter and allow the dc current to LED load. In addition, the desired BDC output voltage (vcbc) is higher than the PFC output voltage (VLED) irrespective of ac source voltage, hence, simplifies the control complexity. Theoretical analysis and predictions of the system have been validated using MATLAB/Simulink simulation, and experimentally validated with a prototype of 7 W. The results evident that PFC integrated BDC provide reduced ripple current with film capacitor as compared with EC counterpart and hence increase the life‐span of LED driver.
Unbalanced PCC voltage regulation with positive‐ and negative‐sequence compensation tactics for MMC‐DSTATCOM
Authors: Xu Chen , Dai Ke , Chen Xinwen , Kang Yong 
Published: September 2016

Unbalanced voltage fluctuation at the point of common coupling (PCC) is a challenging power quality problem in power distribution system. This study presents an unbalanced PCC voltage regulation scheme with positive‐ and negative‐sequence control for modular multilevel converter (MMC) in medium‐voltage distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) application. The proposed positive‐sequence control is utilised to regulate the positive‐sequence component of PCC voltage to rated value, while the negative‐sequence control aims to cancel out the negative‐sequence component of PCC voltage completely. Compensation commands whether in positive‐ or negative‐sequence control are generated from unbalanced PCC voltage without utilisation of unbalanced load currents. DC circulating currents transferring active power among three phases of MMC are also analysed to illustrate power balance issue resulting from negative‐sequence control. Then comparison of negative‐sequence compensation capacity between MMC and full‐bridge cascaded converter with delta‐connection is illustrated. Experiment results acquired from a downscaled 85 V/1.5 kVA apparatus validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Beam‐space reduced‐dimension space‐time adaptive processing for airborne radar in sample starved heterogeneous environments
Authors: Wei Zhang , Zishu He , Huiyong Li , Jun Li , Xiang Duan 
Published: September 2016

A method for selecting auxiliary channels in reduced‐dimension space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) is proposed for airborne multiple‐input multiple‐output radar. The auxiliary channel selection of the proposed approach is data dependent. Based on maximum cross‐correlation energy metric, the significance of each spatial‐Doppler channel is evaluated, and the auxiliary channels are selected step‐by‐step through utilising iteration. For the sake of achieving better performance as much as possible, the proposed approach will select two auxiliary channels at the first step, and select one channel at the next each step. Due to that the explicit physical meaning is very important for a STAP algorithm, the physical meaning of the maximum cross‐correlation energy metric is discussed, and the fact that the local optimal output signal‐to‐interference‐noise (SINR) performance can be assured by the maximum cross‐correlation energy metric is proved theoretically. The simulations demonstrated that the output SINR loss of the proposed approach is about −1.9 dB when only two auxiliary channels are selected. Consequently, the proposed approach can reduce the requirement of the sample support dramatically. This will be more obvious advantage for the practical application in heterogeneous clutter environments where the number of secondary samples is extremely limited.
Light backscattering (e.g. reflectance) by ZnO nanorods on tips of plastic optical fibres with application for humidity and alcohol vapour sensing
Authors: Lokman Muhammad Quisar , Bin Abdul Rahim Hazli Rafis , Harun Sulaiman Wadi , Hornyak G. Louis , Mohammed Waleed Soliman 
Published: September 2016

Relative humidity and alcohol vapour sensing by light backscattering was demonstrated by zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown on tips of plastic optical fibres. Synthesis of ZnO nanostructures was accomplished by the hydrothermal method. A new technique was proposed to extract the backscattered light by ZnO nanostructures. The system was shown experimentally to sense moisture and alcohol vapours. Three ranges of the visible spectrum blue (450–500 nm), green (500–570 nm) and red (610–700 nm) were studied in experiments. Spectral reflectance based on backscattering from ZnO surface structures was used to measure the amount of light backscattered by ZnO nanorods. Results showed that light in the red visible range of the spectrum had higher sensitivity and reflectivity compared with blue and green spectral ranges.
Abgucken Erlaubt!
Authors: Kohrs Jens 
Published: September 2016

Daten sind ein wertvolles Gut in unserer Welt. Und Krankenhäuser haben sich zu wahren Datensammlern entwickelt. Wie sie mit diesem Schatz umgehen, welchen Gewinn sie daraus schlagen, ohne das Vertrauen ihrer Patienten zu enttäuschen und deren Rechte zu verletzen, ist eine echte Bewährungsprobe.Bisher zögern viele deutsche Kliniken noch, konsequent auf den Digitalisierungszug aufzuspringen. Doch genau dieses Zögern könnte sich im Nachhinein als cleverer Schachzug erweisen. Mittlerweile gibt es diverse Beispiele, wie sich die Schlagwörter Digitalisierung und Vernetzung mit Leben füllen lassen – etwa im dänischen Aarhus, wie Wolfgang Deiters beschreibt (Seite 13). Es lohnt sich, dort und andernorts genau hinzuschauen und den Vorteil des Spätzünders auszunutzen. Die deutschen Klinikmanager und ihre Teams können aus den Fehlern der Vorreiter lernen und sich das Erfolgreiche ohne schlechtes Gewissen abgucken.Skepsis in Anbetracht der neuen Möglichkeiten ist verständlich, Blauäugigkeit gefährlich – nur weiteres Zögern ist jetzt nicht mehr angebracht. Das Neue grundsätzlich zu verteufeln, sollte unbedingt tabu sein. Dafür sind die Perspektiven zu vielversprechend.
Talent development of high performance coaches in team sports in Ireland
Authors: Sherwin Ian , Campbell Mark J. , Macintyre Tadhg Eoghan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground: Coaches are central to the development of the expert performer and similarly to continued lifelong participation in sport. Coaches are uniquely positioned to deliver specific technical and tactical instruction and mentoring programmes that support the psychological and social development of athletes in a challenging, goal‐oriented and motivational environment. The current study aimed to qualitatively investigate current coach learning sources and coaches’ educational backgrounds in team sports in Ireland. Methods: Coaches from five team sports in Ireland were asked to complete an online questionnaire. Subsequently male coaches (n = 19) from five team sports who completed the questionnaire and met the inclusion criteria were invited to attend a follow‐up semi‐structured interview. Inclusion criteria for coaches were that they possess at least 10 years’ experience coaching their sport and were coaching more than 4 hours per week. Results/Discussion: Formal coach education does not meet the needs of high performance coaches who rely more on self‐directed learning and coaching experience as their main sources of CPD. Although prior playing experience at a high level is both valuable and desirable, there are concerns about fast‐tracking of ex‐players into high performance coaching roles. Conclusions: Preferred sources of education and the best learning environment for coaches of team sports in Ireland are more informal than formal. Further research is needed to examine how this learning is applied in a practical manner by examining coaching behaviours and the impact it has on the athlete development process.
The Gysin triangle via localization and 𝐴¹-homotopy invariance
Authors: Tabuada Gonçalo , Van den Bergh Michel 
Published: September 2016

Let

X
X

be a smooth scheme,

Z
Z

a smooth closed subscheme, and

U
U

the open complement. Given any localizing and

A

1

\mathbb {A}^1

-homotopy invariant of dg categories

E
E

, we construct an associated Gysin triangle relating the value of

E
E

at the dg categories of perfect complexes of

X
X

,

Z
Z

, and

U
U

. In the particular case where

E
E

is homotopy

K
K

-theory, this Gysin triangle yields a new proof of Quillen’s localization theorem, which avoids the use of devissage. As a first application, we prove that the value of

E
E

at a smooth scheme belongs to the smallest (thick) triangulated subcategory generated by the values of

E
E

at the smooth projective schemes. As a second application, we compute the additive invariants of relative cellular spaces in terms of the bases of the corresponding cells. Finally, as a third application, we construct explicit bridges relating motivic homotopy theory and mixed motives on the one side with noncommutative mixed motives on the other side. This leads to a comparison between different motivic Gysin triangles as well as to an étale descent result concerning noncommutative mixed motives with rational coefficients.
MPRAnator: a web-based tool for the design of massively parallel reporter assay experiments
Authors: Georgakopoulos-Soares Ilias , Jain Naman , Gray Jesse M , Hemberg Martin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Motivation
With the rapid advances in DNA synthesis and sequencing technologies and the continuing decline in the associated costs, high-throughput experiments can be performed to investigate the regulatory role of thousands of oligonucleotide sequences simultaneously. Nevertheless, designing high-throughput reporter assay experiments such as massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) and similar methods remains challenging.

Results
We introduce MPRAnator, a set of tools that facilitate rapid design of MPRA experiments. With MPRA Motif design, a set of variables provides fine control of how motifs are placed into sequences, thereby allowing the investigation of the rules that govern transcription factor (TF) occupancy. MPRA single-nucleotide polymorphism design can be used to systematically examine the functional effects of single or combinations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at regulatory sequences. Finally, the Transmutation tool allows for the design of negative controls by permitting scrambling, reversing, complementing or introducing multiple random mutations in the input sequences or motifs.

Availability and implementation
MPRAnator tool set is implemented in Python, Perl and Javascript and is freely available at www.genomegeek.com and www.sanger.ac.uk/science/tools/mpranator. The source code is available on www.github.com/hemberg-lab/MPRAnator/ under the MIT license. The REST API allows programmatic access to MPRAnator using simple URLs.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Dosimetric impact of an air passage on intraluminal brachytherapy for bronchus cancer
Authors: Okamoto Hiroyuki , Wakita Akihisa , Nakamura Satoshi , Nishioka Shie , Aikawa Ako , Kato Toru , Abe Yoshihisa , Kobayashi Kazuma , Inaba Koji , Murakami Naoya , Itami Jun 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The brachytherapy dose calculations used in treatment planning systems (TPSs) have conventionally been performed assuming homogeneous water. Using measurements and a Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluated the dosimetric impact of an air passage on brachytherapy for bronchus cancer. To obtain the geometrical characteristics of an air passage, we analyzed the anatomical information from CT images of patients who underwent intraluminal brachytherapy using a high-dose-rate 192Ir source (MicroSelectron V2r®, Nucletron). Using an ionization chamber, we developed a measurement system capable of measuring the peripheral dose with or without an air cavity surrounding the catheter. Air cavities of five different radii (0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.25 and 1.5 cm) were modeled by cylindrical tubes surrounding the catheter. A Monte Carlo code (GEANT4) was also used to evaluate the dosimetric impact of the air cavity. Compared with dose calculations in homogeneous water, the measurements and GEANT4 indicated a maximum overdose of 5–8% near the surface of the air cavity (with the maximum radius of 1.5 cm). Conversely, they indicated a minimum overdose of ~1% in the region 3–5 cm from the cavity surface for the smallest radius of 0.3 cm. The dosimetric impact depended on the size and the distance of the air passage, as well as the length of the treatment region. Based on dose calculations in water, the TPS for intraluminal brachytherapy for bronchus cancer had an unexpected overdose of 3–5% for a mean radius of 0.75 cm. This study indicates the need for improvement in dose calculation accuracy with respect to intraluminal brachytherapy for bronchus cancer.
Reference Values for Noninvasive Blood Pressure in Children during Anesthesia
Authors: de Graaff Jurgen C. , Pasma Wietze , van Buuren Stef , Duijghuisen Jesse J. , Nafiu Olubukola O. , Kheterpal Sachin , van Klei Wilton A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Although noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring during anesthesia is a standard of care, reference ranges for blood pressure in anesthetized children are not available. We developed sex- and age-specific reference ranges for NIBP in children during anesthesia and surgery.

Methods
In this retrospective observational cohort study, we included NIBP data of children with no or mild comorbidity younger than 18 yr old from the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group data set. Sex-specific percentiles of the NIBP values for age were developed and extrapolated into diagrams and reference tables representing the 50th percentile (0 SD), +1 SD, −1 SD, and the upper (+2 SD) and lower reference ranges (−2 SD).

Results
In total, 116,362 cases from 10 centers were available for the construction of NIBP age- and sex-specific reference curves. The 0 SD of the mean NIBP during anesthesia varied from 33 mmHg at birth to 67 mmHg at 18 yr. The low cutoff NIBP (2 SD below the 50th percentile) varied from 17 mmHg at birth to 47 mmHg at 18 yr old.

Conclusions
This is the first study to present reference ranges for blood pressure in children during anesthesia. These reference ranges based on the variation of values obtained in daily care in children during anesthesia could be used for rapid screening of changes in blood pressure during anesthesia and may provide a consistent reference for future blood pressure–related pediatric anesthesia research.
Femoral Medialization, Fixation Failures, and Functional Outcome in Trochanteric Hip Fractures Treated With Either a Sliding Hip Screw or an Intramedullary Nail From Within a Randomized Trial
Authors: Bretherton Christopher P. , Parker Martyn J. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine if femoral medialization influences residual pain and mobility and to determine if fixation method or fracture pattern influences the tendency to medialize.

Design:
This study used data from within a randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Peterborough City Hospital, UK.

Patient/Participants:
Eight hundred forty-four patients presenting with a trochanteric hip fracture were randomized. Five hundred thirty-eight were available for 1-year follow-up. Fractures were classified according to OTA/AO classification as 31 A1, A2, and A3.

Intervention:
Randomized to fixation with a Targon proximal femoral nail or sliding hip screw (SHS).

Outcome Measures:
Femoral medialization was calculated from follow-up x-rays at a minimum of 28 days post-fixation. Pain and mobility scores were assessed at 1 year by an independent blinded observer. Fixation failure and revision procedures were assessed at a minimum of 1 year from injury.

Results:
Patients with >50% medialization had worse pain (P = 0.012) and mobility scores (P = 0.013) at 1 year. They also had more fracture healing complications (P = 0.021) and required more revision procedures (P = 0.014). Fractures treated with SHS were more likely to medialize >50% compared with intramedullary nail (P < 0.001). A2 and A3 fractures were more likely to medialize, and A3 fractures were more likely to undergo >50% medialization (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates the previously theoretical predisposition for unstable hip fractures treated with SHS to undergo femoral medialization and correlates this with worse functional outcomes. It supports the use of intramedullary nails for A3 fractures, which have a significant tendency to medialize.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Review of Local Anesthetics: Minimizing Risk and Side Effects in Cutaneous Surgery
Authors: Park Kelly K. , Sharon Victoria R. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND
The specialty of dermatology relies heavily on local anesthesia for diagnosis and management of skin disease. The appropriate selection, preparation, administration, and monitoring of these medications affect surgical outcome and patient safety and satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE
To perform a comprehensive literature review of the side effects and risks associated with local anesthetics used in cutaneous surgery. Current recommendations to reduce risk and minimize side effects are reviewed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive review of the English-language medical literature search was performed.

RESULTS
No current review articles of the side effects and risks of local anesthetics were identified. This review serves to discuss local anesthetics commonly used in dermatology and cutaneous surgery along with practical information regarding prevention of adverse outcomes and addressing local and systemic reactions when they arise.

CONCLUSION
Local anesthetics commonly used in cutaneous surgery have potential risks and side effects. Appropriate selection and utilization of local anesthetics and knowledge of the means to prevent and address these risks can impact surgical outcomes, patient satisfaction and safety, and ultimately patient experience in the dermatology clinic.
Reconstruction Approach to a Rare Case of Acquired Scrotal Giant Muscular Hamartoma
Authors: Bogetti Paolo , Rolle Luigi , Baglioni Elisabetta Adelaide , Parisi Andrea , Spaziante Luca , Ruka Erind , Rivarossa Filippo , Ceruti Carlo , Preto Mirko , Bocchiotti Maria Alessandra 
Published: September 2016

Summary:
Acquired scrotal giant muscular hamartoma is an uncommon benign lesion with fewer than 10 documented cases all over the world. It is characterized by a proliferation of dermal smooth muscle bundles of scrotum dartos fascia. The authors report a rare case of acquired scrotal giant muscular hamartoma, which occurred in a 70-year-old severely obese and diabetic man presenting with a progressive scrotal enlargement and swelling in the last year, causing marked reduction in quality of life and cosmetic problems. The patient underwent a wide excision of the hamartomatous lesion, and then, a reductive scrotoplasty and autologous skin grafting of penis were performed. Anatomopathological examination showed an acquired scrotal giant muscular hamartoma arising from muscular fascia of dartos. This surgical technique is a valid, safe, effective, and minimally invasive option to treat this pathology, achieving both excellent functional and aesthetic results, with a marked improvement of the patient’s quality of life.
Influence of periampullary diverticulum on the occurrence of pancreaticobiliary diseases and outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Chen Lu , Xia Lu , Lu Yi , Bie Like , Gong Biao 
Published: September 2016

Background and aim
Periampullary diverticulum (PAD) is frequently encountered in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of PAD with pancreaticobiliary diseases as well as the impact of PAD on the technical success of ERCP and different methods of bile duct stone extraction.

Patients and methods
A total of 1489 cases of patients with PAD were identified from 6390 patients who underwent ERCP. These patients were compared with 1500 controls without PAD in terms of biliary stone formation, technical success, and complications of ERCP.

Results
Patients with PAD had increased prevalence of bile duct stones, gallstones, and cholangitis (P<0.01). Successful cannulation rates were similar in the PAD and the control group (98.59 vs. 99.07%, P=0.225). The incidence of complications did not differ between the PAD and the control group. Successful stone removal rate of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) was lower in the PAD group than in the control group (83.53 vs. 94.31%, P=0.005). In patients with PAD, the rate of successful stone removal was lower in the EST group than in the endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) and EPBD combined with limited EST (ESBD) group. The rates of complications were similar among different treatments (EST, EPBD, or ESBD) in patients with PAD.

Conclusion
PAD is associated with bile duct stones, gallstones, and cholangitis. In addition, PAD should not be considered a barrier to a successful cannulation. Moreover, EST is less effective than EPBD and ESBD in patients with PAD, whereas EST, EPBD, and ESBD are equally safe in patients with PAD.