bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stigma, Social Identity Threat, and Health
Authors: Major Brenda , Schmader Toni 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of social identity threat theory and research and discusses its implications for health. The chapter defines social identity threat as the situationally triggered concern that one is at risk of being stigmatized and provides a conceptual model of its antecedents and consequences. Social identity threat stems from mere awareness of the cultural representations that associate a self-relevant social identity with undesirable characteristics, coupled with situational cues that bring these self-relevant cultural biases to mind, and personal characteristics that moderate one’s susceptibility to such experiences. Social identity threat can lead to involuntary psychological and physiological processes that when experienced repeatedly can have detrimental consequences for health. This chapter describes strategies that people use to cope with social identity threat and discusses their implications for health, in addition to providing a description of psychological interventions that can attenuate the negative effects of social identity threat.
Interpersonal Discrimination and Physical Health
Authors: Richman Laura Smart , Pascoe Elizabeth A. , Lattanner Micah 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Interpersonal discrimination contributes to health inequalities for disadvantaged groups across numerous stigmatized identities. This effect has been found using cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental designs. Interpersonal discrimination has been associated with poor health across a wide range of mental health outcomes, including greater rates of depression, psychological distress, anxiety, and negative well-being, and also physical health outcomes such as hypertension, diabetes, respiratory problems, self-reported ill health, low birth weight, and cardiovascular disease. This chapter examines the relationship between interpersonal discrimination and health. It first reviews the literature, focusing on current best measurement practices, and then provides support for the theoretical model of the pathways by which interpersonal discrimination impacts health outcomes. The chapter then presents an updated meta-analysis that further supports the model and expands on types of discrimination and outcomes. It concludes with a discussion of directions for future research.
Newton and Locke
Authors: Anstey Peter R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses the friendship and mutual interests of Isaac Newton and the English philosopher John Locke. It is structured around their common interests in chymistry, theology, and natural philosophy. Newton and Locke were both friends of the leading chymist Robert Boyle and much of their correspondence regarding chymistry revolves around him. Their discussions in theology focused on (what we now call) textual criticism of biblical texts that had implications for the doctrine of the Trinity. It is their common interest in natural philosophy, however, that is the most interesting and revealing facet of their relationship. This began with Locke’s review of Newton’s Principia in 1688 and is in evidence in Locke’s Essay and other writings as he came to terms with the Newtonian achievement. Locke’s philosophy, in turn, seems to have influenced Newton, though there is only meagre evidence for this in Newton’s writings.
Dual Enrollment Nursing Partnerships: Steps to Successful Implementation
Authors: Bopp Audrey J. , Einhellig Katrina 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article discusses the planning and implementation of a dual enrollment initiative between an associate degree and baccalaureate nursing program. This type of endeavor offers an advantage to nursing students by allowing them to enroll concurrently in both academic programs, avoiding academic breaks and creating a streamlined educational progression toward the BSN degree. Dual enrollment programs are a transformational way to meet Institute of Medicine recommendations for increasing the number of BSN-prepared nurses while strengthening ties between associate degree and baccalaureate nursing programs.
The Interaction of Depressive Symptoms and Hazardous Drinking in Relation to Tobacco Craving Among Treatment Seeking Depressed Smokers: Sex Differences
Authors: Rodríguez-Cano Rubén , López-Durán Ana , Paulus Daniel J. , Martínez-Vispo Carmela , Fernández del Río Elena , Becoña Elisardo , Zvolensky Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives:
The present study sought to address whether there is sex effect in the interactive effect between depressive symptoms and hazardous drinking in the prediction of smoking craving after cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment among those with at least mild depression.

Methods:
Participants (n = 114, mean age 42.0, SD = 9.73, 64% women) were treatment-seeking smokers who attended 6 weekly 1-hour sessions involving psychological treatment for cessation. Participants reported depressive symptoms and alcohol use at baseline and reported craving at baseline and after treatment.

Results:
Results indicated that there was a statistically significant 3-way interaction (depression by alcohol use by sex) for smoking craving (B = −0.30, standard error [SE] = 0.14, P = 0.042) and appetitive craving (B = −.21, SE = 0.09, P = 0.031), but not negative reinforcement craving. The form of the significant interactions indicted that higher levels of depressive symptoms and alcohol use were related to greater levels of craving at the end of treatment only among men.

Conclusions:
The current findings provide novel empirical evidence suggesting that there is a clinically relevant interplay between depressive symptoms and alcohol use regarding general craving and appetitive craving among male treatment-seeking smokers. Although the present results should be replicated in larger samples, this type of research can inform the development of sex-specific interventions for smoking cessation.
Financial Impact of Colorectal Cancer and Its Consequences: Associations Between Cancer-Related Financial Stress and Strain and Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Sharp Linda , O’Leary Eamonn , O’Ceilleachair Alan , Skally Mairead , Hanly Paul 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:
The financial impact and consequences of cancer on the lives of survivors remain poorly understood. This is especially true for colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE:
We investigated objective cancer-related financial stress, subjective cancer-related financial strain, and their association with health-related quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors.

DESIGN:
This was a cross-sectional postal survey.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted in Ireland, which has a mixed public–private healthcare system.

PATIENTS:
Colorectal cancer survivors, diagnosed 6 to 37 months prior, were identified from the population-based National Cancer Registry.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Cancer-related financial stress was assessed as impact of cancer on household ability to make ends meet and cancer-related financial strain by feelings about household financial situation since cancer diagnosis. Health-related quality of life was based on European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 global health status. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between financial stress and strain and low health-related quality of life (lowest quartile, score ≤50).

RESULTS:
A total of 493 survivors participated. Overall, 41% reported cancer-related financial stress and 39% cancer-related financial strain; 32% reported both financial stress and financial strain. After adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical variables, the odds of low health-related quality of life were significantly higher in those who reported cancer-related financial stress postdiagnosis compared with those who reported no change in financial stress postcancer (OR = 2.54 (95% CI, 1.62–3.99)). The odds of low health-related quality of life were also significantly higher in those with worse financial strain postdiagnosis (OR =1.73 (95% CI, 1.09–2.72)). The OR for those with both cancer-related financial stress and financial strain was 2.59 (95% CI, 1.59–4.22).

LIMITATIONS:
Survey responders were younger, on average, than nonresponders. Responders and nonresponders may have differed in cancer-related financial stress and strain or health-related quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS:
Four in 10 colorectal cancer survivors reported an adverse financial impact of cancer. Cancer-related financial stress and strain were significantly associated with low health-related quality of life. To inform support strategies, additional research is needed to better understand how both objective and subjective financial distress influence survivors’ health-related quality of life. See Video Abstract
http://links.lww.com/DCR/A447.
Multimodal Prehabilitation Programs as a Bundle of Care in Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bolshinsky Vladimir , Li Michael H.-G. , Ismail Hilmy , Burbury Kate , Riedel Bernhard , Heriot Alexander 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:Prehabilitation reflects a proactive process of preoperative optimization undertaken between cancer diagnosis and definitive surgical treatment, with the intent of improving physiological capacity to withstand the major insult of surgery. Prehabilitation before GI cancer surgery is currently not widely adopted, and most research has focused on unimodal interventions such as exercise therapy, nutritional supplementation, and hematinic optimization. A review of the existing literature was undertaken to investigate the impact of multimodal prehabilitation programs as a “bundle of care.”DATA SOURCE:A systematic literature search was performed utilizing Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases.STUDY SELECTION:The quality of studies was assessed by using the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias (randomized trials) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment scale (cohort studies).INTERVENTION:Studies were chosen that involved pre-operative optimization of patients before GI cancer surgery.MAIN OUTCOMES:The primary outcome measured was the impact of prehabilitation programs on preoperative fitness and postoperative outcomes.RESULTS:Of the 544 studies identified, 20 were included in the qualitative analysis. Two trials investigated the impact of multimodal prehabilitation (exercise, nutritional supplementation, anxiety management). Trials exploring prehabilitation with unimodal interventions included impact of exercise therapy (7 trials), impact of preoperative iron replacement (5 trials), nutritional optimization (5 trials), and impact of preoperative smoking cessation (2 trials). Compliance within the identified studies was variable (range: 16%–100%).LIMITATIONS:There is a lack of adequately powered trials that utilize objective risk stratification and uniform end points. As such, a meta-analysis was not performed because of the heterogeneity in study design.CONCLUSION:Although small studies are supportive of multimodal interventions, there are insufficient data to make a conclusion about the integration of prehabilitation in GI cancer surgery as a bundle of care. Larger, prospective trials, utilizing uniform objective risk stratification and structured interventions, with predefined clinical and health economic end points, are required before definitive value can be assigned to prehabilitation programs.
A Systematic Review of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma and Fat Graft Preparation Methods
Authors: Luck Joshua , Smith Oliver J. , Mosahebi Afshin 
Published: December 2017

Background:
The addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to adipose tissue may improve fat graft survival, although graft retention rates vary markedly between studies. To what extent this outcome heterogeneity reflects differing methodological factors remains unknown. This systematic review aims to synthesize and critically review methodological approaches to autologous PRP and fat cotransplantation in both human and animal studies.

Methods:
In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to April 2017. Data were extracted from all in vivo studies involving autologous PRP and fat cotransplantation. A secondary aim was to assess reporting of technical detail; authors were not contacted to provide missing data.

Results:
From 335 articles, 23 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Some 21 were performed in humans and 2 in rabbits. Six studies were randomized control trials; the remainder reported on observational data. Methods of PRP extraction and activation varied markedly between studies. Fat graft preparation was comparatively more consistent. Methods of PRP and fat mixing differed significantly, especially with regards to relative volume/volume ratios.

Conclusions:
Our study represents the first systematic review of methodological factors in autologous PRP and fat cotransplantation. It demonstrates that technical factors in graft preparation and administration vary significantly between in vivo studies. Such methodological heterogeneity may explain observed differences in experimental and clinical outcomes. Reporting of key procedural information is inconsistent and often inadequate. These issues make meaningful evaluation of the PRP-enhanced fat grafting literature difficult and may limit its translation into clinical practice.
Volumetric Analysis of 700 Mandibular Condyles Based Upon Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Safi Ali-Farid , Kauke Martin , Grandoch Andrea , Nickenig Hans-Joachim , Zöller Joachim E. , Kreppel Matthias 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The authors’ aim was to provide volumetric data of mandibular condyles based upon cone beam computed tomography with the means of semiautomatic segmentation.
Retrospective chart review of 350 patients (700 mandibular condyles) with cone beam computerized tomography between February 2007 and December 2016. Univariate analysis was performed to analyze associations between variables. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Volume measurement was performed in a semiautomatic segmentation method with the program “ITK-Snap.”
The mean volume was 2.443 cm3 for the right condyle and 2.278 cm3 for the left condyle. Bivariate analysis indicated a highly significant difference between the volume of the left and right condyles (P < 0.01). Female had a significant smaller condyle volume than male (P < 0.01 left condyle; P < 0.01 right condyle). Volume and age did not significantly correlate (P = 0.939 right condyle; P = 0.798 left condyle).
A detailed assessment of the volume of mandibular condyles with cone beam computed tomography can help to assess pathophysiological alterations.
Hence, the volumetric measurement may improve patient's individualized treatment.
Age-Related Volumetric Changes in Mandibular Condyles
Authors: Safi Ali-Farid , Kauke Martin , Grandoch Andrea , Nickenig Hans-Joachim , Zöller Joachim E. , Kreppel Matthias 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A precise knowledge of the condylar changes with advancing age may improve understanding of pathophysiological alterations of the mandibular condyles. However, the majority of studies focusses on morphological changes, although volumetric analysis based upon cone beam computerized tomography may provide important additional data to characterize mandibular condyles. Therefore, we aimed to provide and compare volumetric data of mandibular condyles of a young and old patient group. This is a retrospective chart review of 195 patients with cone beam computerized tomography between 2007 and 2016. Student t test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test were performed to analyze associations between categorical and continuous variables. P values <0.05 were considered as significant. Volume measurement was performed in a semiautomatic segmentation method with the program "ITK-Snap." Side- and sex-specific significant differences between condylar volumes were found both in the young and old patient cohort. Age and posterior occlusal support did not significantly correlate with the condylar volume. Volumetric measurement of the mandibular condyles may serve as an important additional characteristic, derived from 3-dimensional imaging. Significant differences in volumetric measurement of mandibular condyles exist between sex and side, but not in relation to age and occlusal support.
Pierre Robin Sequence: An Evidence-Based Treatment Proposal
Authors: Gómez Oswaldo J. , Barón Oscar I. , Peñarredonda Martha L. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
The Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) has been defined as the presence of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and respiratory obstruction in the neonatal period. Since its original description, different therapeutic approaches have been proposed obtaining different success rates, but there is no consensus about its management.

Methods:
A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, for the period of January,1985 to November, 2016. A number of 23 articles resulting from clinical studies, discussing diagnostic tests or therapeutic approaches, and directly or indirectly comparing diagnostic or treatment modalities were selected and assessed using the GRADE methodology.

Results:
After reviewing and analyzing the selected articles, an evidence-based algorithm for diagnosis and integral management of PRS patients was designed.

Conclusion:
Based on the anatomical principles and natural evolution of PRS, the clinical scenario must be evaluated thoroughly as a dynamic event to develop a management sequence that minimizes morbidity and mortality and accelerates patients’ reinsertion to normal life.
Detailed Anatomy of Osteoperiosteal Ligamentous Structures in the Forehead
Authors: Choi Jong Pil , Kang Hyun Gu , Nam Yong Seok , Kim In-Beom 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study aimed to present the anatomic characteristics of osteoperiosteal ligamentous attachments of the forehead and provide a better understanding of lateral eyebrow descent for safe and effective foreheadplasty. Anatomic dissections of the face were performed in 10 fresh Korean adult cadavers (20 hemifaces) using 2.5× magnification surgical loupes. Supraorbital, inferomedial orbital, and frontonasal osteoperiosteal ligamentous attachments were identified as fibrous tissues originating from a bone, and their tensile strengths were measured. The supraorbital osteoperiosteal ligamentous attachment had medial and lateral parts. It can be classified into 4 subtypes. It was located 11.0 ± 6.6 mm lateral to the midline and 9.2 ± 12.3 mm superior to the superior orbital margin. The inferomedial orbital osteoperiosteal ligamentous attachment was located 16.2 ± 3.9 mm lateral to the midline and 2.2 ± 2.7 mm inferior to the superior orbital margin, whereas the frontonasal osteoperiosteal ligamentous attachment was located 5.4 ± 2.3 mm lateral to the midline and 1.4 ± 8.5 mm superior to the superior orbital margin. Tensile strengths of all the osteoperiosteal ligamentous attachments in the forehead were above 10 N. These results indicate that osteoperiosteal ligamentous attachments develop in the rather medial region of the eyebrow and have a tensile strength adequate enough to maintain the medial eyebrow. Thus, the current study provides surgeons with detailed anatomic information that can be used as a valuable reference for forehead rejuvenation procedures.
Nasal Septal Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Baki Ahmet 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Hemangiomas are benign tumors originating from the skin, mucosa, muscle, gland, and vascular tissue in the bone. Although it is common in the head and neck region, it is rarely seen in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Histologically capillary, cavernous, and mixed types are present, the most common is cavernous-type hemangioma. Cavernous hemangiomas in the nasal cavity, generally originated from the lateral nasal wall, cause symptoms as nasal obstruction and epistaxis. In the author's patient, cavernous hemangioma was originated from the nasal septum, where rarely seen. The author wanted to discuss this rare disease by presenting a 78-year-old woman who presented with nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis to the author's clinic.
Cross-Sectional Study of four Serological Bone Turnover Markers for the Risk Assessment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Peisker Andre , Raschke Gregor F. , Fahmy Mina D. , Guentsch Arndt , Roshanghias Korosh , König Kai C. , Schultze-Mosgau Stefan 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Despite the benefits related to the use of bisphosphonates and denosumab, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious complication. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of 4 biochemical markers including serum c-terminal telopeptide cross-link of type I collagen (s-CTX), serum osteocalcin (s-OC), serum parathormon (s-PTH), and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (s-BAP) as useful clinical tools to help assess the risk for MRONJ prior to invasive oral surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty patients diagnosed with MRONJ and 20 controls who have been on antiresorptive therapies with no occurrence of MRONJ were included in this 2-arm cross-sectional study. The s-CTX, s-OC, s-PTH, and s-BAP values were measured. Mann–Whitney U test compared the s-CTX, s-OC, s-PTH, and s-BAP values of the MRONJ group and the controls (P < 0.05).

Results:
Lower values were observed in the MRONJ group compared with the control group for s-CTX (130.00 pg/mL versus 230.0 pg/mL; P = 0.12) and for s-OC (10.6 ng/mL versus 14.80 ng/mL; P = 0.051) both without significance and for s-BAP (0.23 μkat/L versus 0.31 μkat/L; P = 0.002) with significance. By contrast, the median s-PTH value of the MRONJ group was higher (30.65 ng/L versus 25.50 ng/L; P = 0.89), but without significance.

Conclusions:
The evaluation of the 4 biochemical markers showed that only the value of s-BAP was significantly decreased in the MRONJ patients compared with the controls. Presently, because of the lack of evidence, a routine check prior to oral surgery for the risk assessment of MRONJ cannot be recommended.
Seasonal Variation of Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Sofianos Chrysis , Christofides Efthimios A. , Phiri Sibusiso E. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Orofacial clefts represent the most common craniofacial malformation diagnosed at birth and may be divided into isolated cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CL/P), or isolated cleft palate (CP). The causes of orofacial clefts have long been understood to be multifactorial; however, research into the genetic and environmental factors underpinning these disorders in African populations is scant. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of orofacial clefts was investigated. Seasonal variation is defined as differences due to periodic, temporal, and external influences, namely the particular time or season of the year.

Methods:
The study design is a retrospective record review and sampled patients presenting to the Cleft Clinic at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital during the time period October 2000 to October 2015. Ethical approval was obtained. Information recorded included patient demographics (date of birth and gender), diagnosis and laterality of the cleft.

Results:
This study includes 512 infants. This study shows seasonal variation in the incidence of orofacial clefts limited to patients with both a CL/P. There was no significant seasonal variation observed in isolated CL or CP and laterality of the cleft. Significant seasonal variation was observed only in those born in winter versus summer, with more children born with a CL/P in winter months.

Conclusion:
Seasonal (or temporal) variation indicates a distinct environmental influence on the formation of orofacial clefts in utero, more specifically in pregnancies with the first trimester during spring. Several reasons have been advanced and include sunlight exposure and vitamin D levels, weight gain, and maternal obesity. More study is required to further elucidate these reasons.