bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD‐L1 expression is mainly regulated by interferon gamma associated with JAK‐STAT pathway in gastric cancer
Authors: Mimura Kousaku , Teh Jun Liang , Okayama Hirokazu , Shiraishi Kensuke , Kua Ley‐Fang , Koh Vivien , Smoot Duane T. , Ashktorab Hassan , Oike Takahiro , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Fazreen Zul , Asuncion Bernadette R. , Shabbir Asim , Yong Wei‐Peng , So Jimmy , Soong Richie , Kono Koji 
Published: October 2017

Despite multidisciplinary treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer, their prognosis remains poor. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed, and immunotherapy utilizing anti‐programmed death 1/‐programmed death ligand‐1 mAb is an attractive approach. However, as there is limited information on how programmed death ligand‐1 is upregulated on tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment, we examined the mechanism of programmed death ligand‐1 regulation with a particular focus on interferon gamma in an in vitro setting and in clinical samples. Our in vitro findings showed that interferon gamma upregulated programmed death ligand‐1 expression on solid tumor cells through the JAK‐signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, and impaired the cytotoxicity of tumor antigen‐specific CTL against tumor cells. Following treatment of cells with anti‐programmed death ligand‐1 mAb after interferon gamma‐pre‐treatment, the reduced anti‐tumor CTL activity by interferon gamma reached a higher level than the non‐treatment control targets. In contrast, programmed death ligand‐1 expression on tumor cells also significantly correlated with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition phenotype in a panel of solid tumor cells. In clinical gastric cancer samples, tumor membrane programmed death ligand‐1 expression significantly positively correlated with the presence of CD8‐positive T cells in the stroma and interferon gamma expression in the tumor. The results suggest that gastric cancer patients with high CD8‐positive T‐cell infiltration may be more responsive to anti‐programmed death 1/‐programmed death ligand‐1 mAb therapy.
Selective inhibition of TRPM2 channel by two novel synthesized ADPR analogues
Authors: Luo Xiao , Li Meng , Zhan Kaiyu , Yang Wei , Zhang Lihe , Wang KeWei , Yu Peilin , Zhang Liangren 
Published: October 2017

Transient receptor potential melastatin‐2 (TRPM2) channel critical for monitoring internal body temperature is implicated in the pathological processes such as neurodegeneration. However, lacking selective and potent TRPM2 inhibitors impedes investigation and validation of the channel as a drug target. To discover novel and selective TRPM2 inhibitors, a series of adenosine 5′‐diphosphoribose analogues were synthesized, and their activities and selectivity were evaluated. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings were employed for screen and evaluation of synthesized compounds. Two compounds, 7i and 8a, were identified as TRPM2 inhibitors with IC50 of 5.7 and 5.4 μm, respectively. Both 7i and 8a inhibited TRPM2 current without affecting TRPM7, TRPM8, TRPV1 and TRPV3. These two TRPM2 inhibitors can serve as new pharmacological tools for further investigation and validation of TRPM2 channel as a drug target, and the summarized structure–activity relationship (SAR) may also provide insights into further improving existing inhibitors as potential lead compounds.
Higher IGFBP3 is associated with increased incidence of colorectal cancer in older men independently of IGF1
Authors: Chan Yi X. , Alfonso Helman , Paul Chubb Stephen Anthony , Ho Ken K. Y. , Gerard Fegan Peter , Hankey Graeme J. , Golledge Jonathan , Flicker Leon , Yeap Bu B. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectiveInsulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) has anabolic and growth‐promoting effects, raising concerns regarding its potential to promote tumour growth. Circulating IGF1 is bound to binding proteins, which modulate bioavailability of IGF1. This study assessed the associations of IGF1 and its binding proteins 1 (IGFBP1) and 3 (IGFBP3) with cancer risk.DesignA prospective cohort study of 4042 men aged ≥70 years.MethodsPlasma total IGF1, IGFBP1 and IGFBP3 were measured between 2001 and 2004. Cancer‐related outcomes were assessed until 20 June 2013 using data linkage. Analyses were performed using proportional hazards models with death as a competing risk, and adjustments were made for potential confounders. Results are expressed as subhazard ratios (SHR).ResultsThere were 907 men who were diagnosed with cancer during a median of 9‐year follow‐up. Of these, there were 359, 139 and 125 prostate, colorectal and lung cancers, respectively. After adjustments, total IGF1 was not associated with the incidence of any cancer, prostate, lung or colorectal cancer. In the fully‑adjusted model, higher IGFBP3 was associated with increased incidence of colorectal cancer (SHR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01‐1.43; P = .041 for every 1 standard deviation increase in IGFBP3) but not other cancers. This effect was not attenuated by inclusion of total IGF1 into the multivariate model (SHR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.03‐1.58; P = .025). Neither total IGF1, IGFBP1 nor IGFBP3 were associated with cancer‐related deaths.ConclusionHigher IGFBP3 predicted increased incidence of colorectal cancer in older men independent of conventional risk factors and total IGF1. Further studies are warranted to explore potential underlying mechanisms.
Group Representation of Global Intrinsic Symmetries
Authors: Wang Hui , Huang Hui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGlobal intrinsic symmetry detection of 3D shapes has received considerable attentions in recent years. However, unlike extrinsic symmetry that can be represented compactly as a combination of an orthogonal matrix and a translation vector, representing the global intrinsic symmetry itself is still challenging. Most previous works based on point‐to‐point representations of global intrinsic symmetries can only find reflectional symmetries, and are inadequate for describing the structure of a global intrinsic symmetry group. In this paper, we propose a novel group representation of global intrinsic symmetries, which describes each global intrinsic symmetry as a linear transformation of functional space on shapes. If the eigenfunctions of the Laplace‐Beltrami operator on shapes are chosen as the basis of functional space, the group representation has a block diagonal structure. We thus prove that the group representation of each symmetry can be uniquely determined from a small number of symmetric pairs of points under certain conditions, where the number of pairs is equal to the maximum multiplicity of eigenvalues of the Laplace‐Beltrami operator. Based on solid theoretical analysis, we propose an efficient global intrinsic symmetry detection method, which is the first one able to detect all reflectional and rotational global intrinsic symmetries with a clear group structure description. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Video Shadow Removal Using Spatio‐temporal Illumination Transfer
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhu Yao , Liao Bin , Xiao Chunxia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractShadow removal for videos is an important and challenging vision task. In this paper, we present a novel shadow removal approach for videos captured by free moving cameras using illumination transfer optimization. We first detect the shadows of the input video using interactive fast video matting. Then, based on the shadow detection results, we decompose the input video into overlapped 2D patches, and find the coherent correspondences between the shadow and non‐shadow patches via discrete optimization technique built on the patch similarity metric. We finally remove the shadows of the input video sequences using an optimized illumination transfer method, which reasonably recovers the illumination information of the shadow regions and produces spatio‐temporal shadow‐free videos. We also process the shadow boundaries to make the transition between shadow and non‐shadow regions smooth. Compared with previous works, our method can handle videos captured by free moving cameras and achieve better shadow removal results. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm via a variety of experiments.
A Data‐Driven Approach for Sketch‐Based 3D Shape Retrieval via Similar Drawing‐Style Recommendation
Authors: Wang Fei , Lin Shujin , Luo Xiaonan , Wu Hefeng , Wang Ruomei , Zhou Fan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSketching is a simple and natural way of expression and communication for humans. For this reason, it gains increasing popularity in human computer interaction, with the emergence of multitouch tablets and styluses. In recent years, sketch‐based interactive methods are widely used in many retrieval systems. In particular, a variety of sketch‐based 3D model retrieval works have been presented. However, almost all of these works focus on directly matching sketches with the projection views of 3D models, and they suffer from the large differences between the sketch drawing and the views of 3D models, leading to unsatisfying retrieval results. Therefore, in this paper, during the matching procedure in the retrieval, we propose to match the sketch with each 3D model from historical users instead of projection views. Yet since the sketches between the current user and the historical users can have big difference, we also aim to handle users' personalized deviations and differences. To this end, we leverage recommendation algorithms to estimate the drawing style characteristic similarity between the current user and historical users. Experimental results on the Large Scale Sketch Track Benchmark(SHREC14LSSTB) demonstrate that our method outperforms several state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Split‐Depth Image Generation and Optimization
Authors: Liao Jingtang , Eisemann Martin , Eisemann Elmar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSplit‐depth images use an optical illusion, which can enhance the 3D impression of a 2D animation. In split‐depth images (also often called split‐depth GIFs due to the commonly used file format), static virtual occluders inform of vertical or horizontal bars are added to a video clip, which leads to occlusions that are interpreted by the observer as a depth cue. In this paper, we study different factors that contribute to the illusion and propose a solution to generate split‐depth images for a given RGB + depth image sequence. The presented solution builds upon a motion summarization of the object of interest (OOI) through space and time. It allows us to formulate the bar positioning as an energy‐minimization problem, which we solve efficiently. We take a variety of important features into account, such as the changes of the 3D effect due to changes in the motion topology, occlusion, the proximity of bars or the OOI, and scene saliency. We conducted a number of psycho‐visual experiments to derive an appropriate energy formulation. Our method helps in finding optimal positions for the bars and, thus, improves the 3D perception of the original animation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a variety of examples. Our study with novice users shows that our approach allows them to quickly create satisfying results even for complex animations.
The Allure of the Illegal: Choice Modeling of Rhino Horn Demand in Vietnam
Authors: Hanley Nick , Sheremet Oleg , Bozzola Martina , MacMillan Douglas C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsing choice modeling, we explore willingness to pay for rhino horn among existing and potential future consumers in Vietnam. We find that wild‐sourced horn, harvested humanely from the least rare species, is the most highly valued product. Furthermore, consumers are willing to pay less for rhino horn products under a scenario where international trade is legalized compared to the current situation of illegal trade. We discuss the potential implications of our findings on rhino poaching and international trade policy.
Effects of three blood derived products on equine corneal cells, an in vitro study
Authors: Rushton J. O. , Kammergruber E. , Tichy A. , Egerbacher M. , Nell B. , Gabner S. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundDespite advances in therapy of corneal ulcerative diseases in horses, a vast number of cases require surgical intervention, due to poor response to treatment. Topical application of serum has been used for many years, based on its anticollagenolytic properties and the presence of growth factors promoting corneal wound healing. However, although other blood derived products i.e. platelet rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) have been widely used in equine orthopaedics and in human ophthalmology, no reports of the effects of these blood derived products exist in equine ophthalmology.ObjectivesTo determine in vitro effects of PRGF and PRP on equine corneal cells compared with serum.Study designProspective controlled cohort study.MethodsBlood from 35 healthy horses was used to produce serum, PRGF (Endoret®), and PRP (E‐PET™). Limbal‐ and stromal cells were isolated from healthy corneas of six horses and treated with 20% serum, 20% PRGF or 20% PRP. Proliferation rates and migration capacity were analysed in single cell cultures as well as co‐culture systems.ResultsCell proliferation increased with PRP treatment, remained constant in PRGF treated cells, and declined upon serum treatment over a period of 48 h. Migration capacity was significantly enhanced with PRP treatment, compared with PRGF treatment. Intact leucocytes, mainly eosinophils, were only detected in PRP.Main limitationsDue to the study design use of autologous blood products on corneal cells was not possible.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate beneficial effects of PRP on proliferation as well as migration capacity of equine corneal cells in vitro. In vivo studies are warranted to determine further beneficial effects of PRP in horses with corneal ulcers.
A Model‐Based Cluster Analysis of Maternal Emotion Regulation and Relations to Parenting Behavior
Authors: Shaffer Anne , Whitehead Monica , Davis Molly , Morelen Diana , Suveg Cynthia 
Published: October 2017

In a diverse community sample of mothers (N = 108) and their preschool‐aged children (Mage = 3.50 years), this study conducted person‐oriented analyses of maternal emotion regulation (ER) based on a multimethod assessment incorporating physiological, observational, and self‐report indicators. A model‐based cluster analysis was applied to five indicators of maternal ER: maternal self‐report, observed negative affect in a parent–child interaction, baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and RSA suppression across two laboratory tasks. Model‐based cluster analyses revealed four maternal ER profiles, including a group of mothers with average ER functioning, characterized by socioeconomic advantage and more positive parenting behavior. A dysregulated cluster demonstrated the greatest challenges with parenting and dyadic interactions. Two clusters of intermediate dysregulation were also identified. Implications for assessment and applications to parenting interventions are discussed.
Shifts of growing‐season precipitation peaks decrease soil respiration in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Ru Jingyi , Zhou Yaqiong , Hui Dafeng , Zheng Mengmei , Wan Shiqiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChanging precipitation regimes could have profound influences on carbon (C) cycle in the biosphere. However, how soil C release from terrestrial ecosystems responds to changing seasonal distribution of precipitation remains unclear. A field experiment was conducted for 4 years (2013–2016) to examine the effects of altered precipitation distributions in the growing season on soil respiration in a temperate steppe in the Mongolian Plateau. Over the 4 years, both advanced and delayed precipitation peaks suppressed soil respiration, and the reductions mainly occurred in August. The decreased soil respiration could be primarily attributable to water stress and subsequently limited plant growth (community cover and belowground net primary productivity) and soil microbial activities in the middle growing season, suggesting that precipitation amount in the middle growing season is more important than that in the early, late, or whole growing seasons in regulating soil C release in grasslands. The observations of the additive effects of advanced and delayed precipitation peaks indicate semiarid grasslands will release less C through soil respiratory processes under the projected seasonal redistribution of precipitation in the future. Our findings highlight the potential role of intra‐annual redistribution of precipitation in regulating ecosystem C cycling in arid and semiarid regions.
Cervical carcinomas with a micropapillary component: a clinicopathological study of eight cases
Authors: Stewart Colin J R , Koay Mei H E , Leslie Connull , Acott Nathan , Leung Yee C 
Published: October 2017

AimsMicropapillary carcinomas, or carcinomas with a micropapillary component, are well recognised in the breast and other anatomical sites. However, they have seldom been described in the cervix. In this article, we present a clinicopathological analysis of eight cervical tumours that showed at least a focal (≥5%) component of micropapillary carcinoma.Methods and resultsThe study group comprised eight cervical carcinomas (four adenocarcinomas and four adenosquamous carcinomas) with a micropapillary component. The median patient age was 41.5 years (range 27–65 years). At presentation, five patients were stage IB, two were stage IIB, and one was stage IV. The micropapillary component accounted for ≤25% of the tumour on initial biopsy or resection specimens in all but one case. Immunohistochemistry showed ‘inside‐out’ (reverse polarity) mucin 1 staining along the cell membrane abutting the stroma. Four patients developed metastasis, all of whom showed a pure micropapillary pattern; this led to a misdiagnosis of an apparently independent peritoneal serous carcinoma in one case. All tumours showed diffuse p16 expression, and all three cases that were tested were positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) 18. Three of the six patients with at least 12 months of follow‐up died of disease, and one is alive with distant metastasis.ConclusionsUsual‐type (HPV‐related) cervical carcinomas may show micropapillary differentiation, usually as a focal finding, and the cells show reverse polarity like similar tumours arising in other sites. Micropapillary cervical carcinoma appears to be a clinically aggressive malignancy, although this needs to be confirmed in larger studies.
Enzymolysis reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of rapeseed protein with sequential dual‐frequency ultrasound pretreatment
Authors: Wali Asif , Ma Haile , Hayat Khizar , Ren Xiaofeng , Ali Zeshan , Duan Yuqing , Rashid Muhammad Tayyab 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWe evaluated the effect of sequential dual‐frequency ultrasound (SDFU) pretreatments on rapeseed protein enzymolysis, using alcalase as a model enzyme. Hydrolysed protein concentrations, enzymolysis kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were investigated. The results showed that the hydrolysed rapeseed protein concentration following SDFU pretreatments was higher compared to that of the control for up to 75 min of enzymolysis at various substrate concentrations of 5–25 g L−1; both control and SDFU pretreatment groups showed first‐order reaction kinetics. Compared to the control, the Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) value decreased remarkably by 17.61%, while an increase in the binding frequency between enzyme and substrate (KA) by 10.47% was observed. The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy, entropy and activation energy were reduced in the SDFU pretreatment group compared to the control by 31.78%, 18.0% and 29.56%, respectively. SDFU pretreatment showed little effect on Gibbs free energy at the various temperatures studied.
Molecular diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with upper urinary tract cancer who underwent lymphadenectomy
Authors: Kodama Yoshiki , Kondo Tsunenori , Matsumura Nagahide , Shimokawa Toshio , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Tanabe Kazunari , Hara Isao 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the significance of molecular diagnosis of lymph node metastasis using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer.MethodsA total of 51 patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer who underwent extended lymphadenectomy were included in the present study. Retrieved lymph nodes from each patient were divided into two parts. One part was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for molecular staging, whereas the other one was assessed by routine histopathological examination. Four kinds of molecules (FXYD3, KRT19, KRT20 and UPK2) were selected as markers to detect urothelial cancer cells.ResultsThe average number of retrieved lymph nodes was 18.3. As UPK2 showed the best discrimination ability among four markers, the patients were classified in three categories according to UPK2 expression: N(+)PCR(+) for patients who had lymph node metastasis by routine pathological diagnosis as well as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (n = 4); N(−)PCR(+) for patients who had lymph node metastasis by polymerase chain reaction but not by routine pathological diagnosis (n = 7); and N(−)PCR(−) for patients who showed no lymph node metastasis not only by routine pathological diagnosis but also by polymerase chain reaction (n = 40). The prognosis of the N(−)PCR(+) group was better than that of the N(+)PCR(+) group, and similar to that of the N(−)PCR(−) group.ConclusionsQuantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction could detect micrometastasis in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer. However, the prognosis of patients with micrometastasis is better than patients with pathologically metastasized lymph nodes, and similar to patients without micrometastasis.
The Role of Argumentation and Institutions for Labour Migration in the European Union – Exemplified by Spanish labour migration to Germany
Authors: Heimann Christiane , Wieczorek Oliver 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis contribution will show how institutions in Spain and Germany facilitated intra‐European labour mobility as a solution to a mismatch in the labour market. To this end, we have chosen the recruitment of Spanish job candidates for German employers as an example. Employing Bourdieu's field‐theoretical framework as well as expert interviews, we highlight the role of institutional agents encouraging labour migration. We analysed 30 expert interviews to gain insights from institutional agents that facilitate labour migration in the Spanish and the German labour market. Our findings show how these agents use their resources to legitimize policies and create sustainable structures steering labour migration and integration.