bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superficial Slow Rhythms Integrate Cortical Processing in Humans
Authors: Halgren Mila , Fabó Daniel , Ulbert István , Madsen Joseph R. , Erőss Lorand , Doyle Werner K. , Devinsky Orrin , Schomer Donald , Cash Sydney S. , Halgren Eric 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe neocortex is composed of six anatomically and physiologically specialized layers. It has been proposed that integration of activity across cortical areas is mediated anatomically by associative connections terminating in superficial layers, and physiologically by slow cortical rhythms. However, the means through which neocortical anatomy and physiology interact to coordinate neural activity remains obscure. Using laminar microelectrode arrays in 19 human participants, we found that most EEG activity is below 10-Hz (delta/theta) and generated by superficial cortical layers during both wakefulness and sleep. Cortical surface grid, grid-laminar, and dual-laminar recordings demonstrate that these slow rhythms are synchronous within upper layers across broad cortical areas. The phase of this superficial slow activity is reset by infrequent stimuli and coupled to the amplitude of faster oscillations and neuronal firing across all layers. These findings support a primary role of superficial slow rhythms in generating the EEG and integrating cortical activity.
The Molecular Basis of the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Effect on Human Ubiquitin Structure: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Jafari Majid , Mehrnejad Faramarz , Rahimi Fereshteh , Asghari S. Mohsen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo investigate the molecular interactions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with human ubiquitin and its unfolding mechanisms, a comparative study was conducted on the interactions of the protein in the presence and absence of SDS at different temperatures using six independent 500 ns atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Moreover, the effects of partial atomic charges on SDS aggregation and micellar structures were investigated at high SDS concentrations. The results demonstrated that human ubiquitin retains its native-like structure in the presence of SDS and pure water at 300 K, while the conformation adopts an unfolded state at a high temperature. In addition, it was found that both SDS self-assembly and the conformation of the resulting protein may have a significant effect of reducing the partial atomic charges. The simulations at 370 K provided evidence that the SDS molecules disrupted the first hydration shell and expanded the hydrophobic core of ubiquitin, resulting in complete protein unfolding. According to these results, SDS and temperature are both required to induce a completely unfolded state under ambient conditions. We believe that these findings could be useful in protein folding/unfolding studies and structural biology.
Toward reliable population estimates of wolves by combining spatial capture-recapture models and non-invasive DNA monitoring
Authors: López-Bao J. V. , Godinho R. , Pacheco C. , Lema F. J. , García E. , Llaneza L. , Palacios V. , Jiménez J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDecision-makers in wildlife policy require reliable population size estimates to justify interventions, to build acceptance and support in their decisions and, ultimately, to build trust in managing authorities. Traditional capture-recapture approaches present two main shortcomings, namely, the uncertainty in defining the effective sampling area, and the spatially-induced heterogeneity in encounter probabilities. These limitations are overcome using spatially explicit capture-recapture approaches (SCR). Using wolves as case study, and non-invasive DNA monitoring (faeces), we implemented a SCR with a Poisson observation model in a single survey to estimate wolf density and population size, and identify the locations of individual activity centres, in NW Iberia over 4,378 km2. During the breeding period, posterior mean wolf density was 2.55 wolves/100 km2(95%BCI = 1.87–3.51), and the posterior mean population size was 111.6 ± 18.8 wolves (95%BCI = 81.8–153.6). From simulation studies, addressing different scenarios of non-independence and spatial aggregation of individuals, we only found a slight underestimation in population size estimates, supporting the reliability of SCR for social species. The strategy used here (DNA monitoring combined with SCR) may be a cost-effective way to generate reliable population estimates for large carnivores at regional scales, especially for endangered species or populations under game management.
Semidiurnal thermal tides in asynchronously rotating hot Jupiters
Authors: Auclair-Desrotour P. , Leconte J. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Thermal tides can torque the atmosphere of hot Jupiters into asynchronous rotation, while these planets are usually assumed to be locked into spin-orbit synchronization with their host star.
Aims. In this work, our goal is to characterize the tidal response of a rotating hot Jupiter to the tidal semidiurnal thermal forcing of its host star by identifying the structure of tidal waves responsible for variation of mass distribution, their dependence on the tidal frequency, and their ability to generate strong zonal flows.
Methods. We develop an ab initio global modelling that generalizes the early approach of Arras & Socrates (2010, ApJ, 714, 1) to rotating and non-adiabatic planets. We analytically derive the torque exerted on the body and the associated timescales of evolution, as well as the equilibrium tidal response of the atmosphere in the zero-frequency limit. Finally, we numerically integrate the equations of thermal tides for three cases, including dissipation and rotation step by step.
Results. The resonances associated with tidally generated gravito-inertial waves significantly amplify the resulting tidal torque in the range 1–30 days. This torque can globally drive the atmosphere into asynchronous rotation, as its sign depends on the tidal frequency. The resonant behaviour of the tidal response is enhanced by rotation, which couples the forcing to several Hough modes in the general case, while the radiative cooling tends to regularize it and diminish its amplitude.
Retrospektiver Vergleich der Wirbelkörperaufrichtung nach Ballonkyphoplastie vs. Radiofrequenzkyphoplastie
Authors: Palm Hans-Georg , Steinbach Mario , Lang Patricia , Hackenbroch Carsten , Friemert Benedikt , Riesner Hans-Joachim 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Neben schmerztherapeutischer Wirkung zielt die Kyphoplastie auf eine Aufrichtung osteoporotisch frakturierter Wirbelkörper (WK) ab. Ein neueres Verfahren ist die Radiofrequenzkyphoplastie (RFK). Unklar ist, wie gut sich mit dieser Methodik im Vergleich zur älteren Ballonkyphoplastie (BKP) wieder eine anatomische WK-Aufrichtung erreichen lässt. Ziel unserer retrospektiven Studie war daher der Vergleich beider Verfahren bez. der Grund-/Deckplattenwinkel post- vs. präoperativ.
Patienten und Methoden Anhand prä- und postoperativer Stehend-Röntgenaufnahmen wurden bei 87 Probanden (46 BKP und 41 RFK) bzw. 142 kyphoplastierten WK (67 BKP und 75 RFK) die Winkel von Grund- zu Deckplatte bestimmt. Hauptzielgröße war der Grad der Aufrichtung (Δpost−prä) bei der BKP vs. RFK. Außerdem wurden für die Bestimmung des sagittalen Alignments die angrenzenden gesunden Segmente ausgemessen.
Ergebnisse Sowohl bei der BKP (BKPprä: 11,5 ± 6,0°, BKPpost: 6,2 ± 4,6°, p < 0,001) als auch RFK (RFKprä: 9,9 ± 6,2°, RFKpost: 6,3 ± 4,4°, p < 0,001) kam es zu einer signifikanten Aufrichtung. Es zeigte sich im Verfahrensvergleich aber eine bessere Aufrichtung in der Gruppe BKP im Vergleich zur RFK (Δpost−prä BKP: − 5,3 ± 4,4°, Δpost−prä RFK: − 3,6 ± 4,4°, p = 0,03). Kein Verfahren führte aber im umgebenden Wirbelsäulensegment zu einer signifikanten Änderung des Winkels (Segment BKPprä: 13,8 ± 8,0°, Segment BKPpost: 12,5 ± 9,2°, p = 0,638; Segment RFKprä: 18,8 ± 14,3°, Segment RFKpost: 15,0 ± 13,2°, p = 0,330).
Schlussfolgerung Es konnte eine signifikant bessere Aufrichtung des Kyphosewinkels durch die BKP erreicht werden, wobei beide Verfahren für sich betrachtet zu einer hochsignifikanten Verbesserung des Kyphosewinkels geführt haben. Im angrenzenden Wirbelsäulensegment ist die Auswirkung auf den messbaren Winkel nicht signifikant ausgeprägt, sodass das Alignment durch den Eingriff tendenziell weniger beeinflusst wird.
Tarsusknickung („Tarsal Kink“): Pathognomonische Präsentation und Therapie einer seltenen kongenitalen Oberlidfehlbildung
Authors: Schaudig Ulrich , Keserü Matthias 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel Präsentation eines seltenen, aber typisch verlaufenden, kongenitalen Krankheitsbilds, das bei Kenntnis der pathognomonischen Zeichen unmittelbar erkannt und therapiert werden kann. Die angeborene Tarsusknickung führt zu einer Fehlstellung des Oberlids mit Entropium, die nicht übersehen werden darf, da sie unbehandelt zu einer ulzerierenden Keratitis führt.
Fall Nach Zangenentbindung bestand bei einem sonst gesunden Neugeborenen eine ausgeprägte einseitige eitrige Sekretion mit Blepharospasmus.
Differenzialdiagnose Dacryocystitis neonatorum, Neugeborenengonoblenorrhö, kongenitales Oberlidentropium mit Hornhautulkus, Tarsusknickung.
Untersuchung Bei wachem Zustand war eine vollständige Untersuchung nicht möglich. Es bestand das pathognomonische Zeichen „fehlender“ Wimpern durch die Inversion der Lidkante. Bei der Narkoseuntersuchung zeigte sich eine Tarsusknickung mit vollständigem Oberlidentropium sowie ein Hornhautulkus.
Behandlung In der Literatur werden verschiedene Methoden angegeben, um diese seltene Fehlanlage zu korrigieren. Allen gemeinsam ist die Stärkung der anterioren Lamelle, um den Knick auszugleichen. Nach Lidspaltung, Repositionierung des Tarsus und Sicherung durch Fixationsnähte heilte das Hornhautulkus rasch und folgenlos ab, Lidschluss und Lidkontur waren normal und seitengleich.
Fazit Das pathognomonische Zeichen des kongenitalen Oberlidentropiums mit Tarsusknickung ist die komplette Inversion des Lidrands, was den Eindruck „fehlender“ Wimpern vermittelt, begleitet von Blepharospasmus und im weiteren Verlauf eitriger Sekretion und Hornhautulkus. Das Krankheitsbild darf nicht übersehen werden, nur die sofortige Korrektur kann eine schwere Schädigung verhindern.
Odd conditions
Authors: Blust Robert 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Since the 19th century linguists have expected to find conditioned sound changes in environments that make phonetic sense: consonants palatalize adjacent to front vowels, back vowels front if a front vowel occurs in the next syllable, stops voice between voiced segments, and so forth. Most conditioned sound changes conform to this expectation, but a surprising number do not. Some of these are well known, as the palatalization of *s before most word-initial consonants in High German. Since there is no obvious explanation for them, such changes are generally ignored in discussions of historical phonology. The result of this practice has been to give the false impression that what appear to be phonetically unmotivated sound changes are rare abnormalities that probably would conform to expectation if we had more information about them. This paper draws attention to examples of conditioning in Austronesian languages in which the phonetic properties of the context appear unrelated to those of the change, and it questions why such changes should occur. Although finding a completely satisfactory explanation has proven difficult, one general conclusion suggested by the data is that native speakers have an intuitive recognition of natural classes that is independent of phonetic motivation.
The diachrony of Spanishhaber/hacer + time
Authors: Herce Borja 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing quantitative corpus evidence from different periods, the present article analyzes the emergence and diachronic development of the Spanish time constructions (clausal and adverbial) involving contemporaryhacer‘make’ and earlierhaber‘have’. The obtained data, as well as cross-linguistic evidence, suggest that the clausal construction must have been the source of the adverbial one. A proposal is presented that could explain that development. The data show, in addition, that the grammatical properties and usage patterns of the clausal and adverbial constructions were very similar until the 16th century but have been diverging ever since. This divergence coincides with an exponential increase in the textual raw frequency of the adverbial construction, where word order fixation, erosion of the inflectional morphology and a change in the possibilities for time adjunction among others are found to occur at around the same time. This points towards a desentencialization, loss of inner structure and grammaticalization of the adverbial construction in those periods.
Fallacies of game localization
Authors: Mandiberg Stephen 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Using the Twitter hashtag #TorrentialDownpour, a vocal group of disgruntled, English-speaking gamers launched an attack in early 2016 protesting the localization changes made to the game Fire Emblem Fates. While dismissible as the latest “toxic technoculture” (Massanari 2015), the #TorrentialDownpour campaign’s claims are not unfounded; there are links between localization and censorship, in that both practices adapt texts moving between markets and cultures. This article draws from translation theory and observations of localization practice to problematize #TorrentialDownpour’s claims, and in the process address some of the most prevalent fallacies involving game localization: localization is not censorship; there is no better version; and one person is not ruining gamers’ fun.
On the omission of articles and copulae in German newspaper headlines
Authors: Reich Ingo 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper argues based on a corpus-linguistic study that both omitted articles and copulae in German headlines are to be treated as null elements NA and NC. Both items need to be licensed by a specific (parsing) strategy known as discourse orientation (Huang, 1984), which is also applicable in the special register of headlines. It is shown that distinguishing between discourse and sentence orientation and correlating these two strategies with λ-binding and existential quantification, respectively, naturally accounts for an asymmetry in article omission observed in Stowell (1991).
Introduction
Authors: Davis Stephen J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The Introduction explains that the aim of this book is to address basic questions about monastic social forms and spirituality. What is monasticism and how is it distinguished from other kinds of religious and non-religious practice? What is our earliest evidence for monasticism and what different types have developed from antiquity to the present day? How are monastic communities organized? What do stories about saints communicate about monastic identity and ethics? Where and in what kinds of physical settings are monasteries located, and how do these settings impact the monks and nuns who dwell there? Finally, what place is there for monasticism in the modern world?
Introduction
Authors: Vincent Warwick F. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
What is a lake? At first glance, this seems like such an easy question: a lake is simply a body of water surrounded by land. But this sterile, physical definition is only a beginning, and there are so many other more interesting ways to consider the nature and meaning of lakes. The ‘Introduction’ outlines the aim of this VSI: to provide a condensed overview of scientific knowledge about lakes, their functioning as ecosystems that we are part of and depend upon, and their responses to environmental change. It considers the physical, biological, and chemical features of lakes as well as their importance in environmental sciences, engineering, and society.
Sunlight and motion
Authors: Vincent Warwick F. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Water transparency powerfully indicates the state of health of a lake ecosystem. The water’s turbidity defines the physical habitat characteristics of lakes, strongly influencing their chemistry, biology, and ecosystem services. ‘Sunlight and motion’ explains the methods for measuring water transparency and how the penetration of sunlight into water declines with depth. The different colours, hues, and brightness levels of lakes are due to the materials dissolved and suspended within them. The layering of different temperature water in lakes is also described. This stratification varies greatly with the seasons. Mixing of the waters is mainly due to slow waves at and just below the surface as well as deeper currents.
Ethno-cultural origins, health beliefs and mothers’ behavior regarding infant vaccinations in Israel
Authors: Sarid O , Shraga Y , Cwikel J , Reuveni H 
Published: January 2018

SummaryTo compare the health beliefs and infant vaccination behavior of mothers of four different ethno-cultural backgrounds: Israeli-born Jewish and Arab-Bedouin and immigrants from the Former Soviet Union and Ethiopia; to examine the associations between initial and subsequent infant vaccination behaviors of mothers and to identify predictors of vaccination behaviors. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in selected community neighborhoods. A quota sample included 100 mothers with infants aged 18–24 months (N = 400) from each of the four ethno-cultural groups. Data were collected through questionnaires and examination of the infant vaccination cards. Both groups of immigrant mothers had the lowest adherence to the recommended vaccination regime. Our findings indicate that maternal behaviors regarding infant vaccinations were determined mainly by the behavior at the previous recommended vaccination stage. Different ethno-cultural groups presented different sociodemographic predictors of vaccination behaviors. These predictors only affected the vaccinations at the early stage of 2 months. Policy makers should be aware that mother’s vaccination behaviors vary according to ethno-cultural groups to establish culturally tailored intervention programs.
Mindful Emotion Awareness
Authors: Barlow David H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Farchione Todd J. , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Chapter 7 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook presents the benefits of applying mindful awareness, a nonjudgmental present-focused stance, to emotional experiences. Mindful awareness is first practiced through a formal meditation exercise that introduces readers to applying this quality of attention to their emotions. Next, readers are encouraged to continue practicing mindful emotion awareness though the use of a Mindful Mood Induction exercise. Finally, the chapter continues by focusing on the Anchoring in the Present skill, which allows us to apply the concept of mindful emotion awareness to emotional experiences as they are coming up in daily life.
Countering Emotional Behaviors
Authors: Barlow David H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Farchione Todd J. , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Chapter 9 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook looks at another part of our emotional experiences—emotional behaviors, which refer to the things we do to manage our emotions. This chapter presents skills to help us identify and evaluate our emotional behaviors by examining both the short term and long term consequences of these actions. In general, unhelpful emotional behaviors provide short term relief from strong emotions but set us up to experience even more strong emotions in the future. Lastly, we learn to counter unhelpful emotional behaviors by replacing current emotional behaviors with new, alternative behaviors, a skill called choosing an Alternative Action.
Opioid and Nonopioid Analgesics Provide Similar Relief From Acute Extremity Pain
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: January 2018

According to this study:

For adult patients presenting to the ED with acute extremity pain, a single dose of ibuprofen plus acetaminophen is as effective as three different opioid-plus-acetaminophen combination analgesics in reducing pain.Altered prescribing practices as a result of this finding could reduce the number of people exposed to opioids and thus the risk of addiction.
A Pattern-Based Approach Combining Tumor Morphology on MRI With Distinct Signal Patterns on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging to Assess Response of Rectal Tumors After Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Lambregts Doenja M.J. , Delli Pizzi Andrea , Lahaye Max J. , van Griethuysen Joost J.M. , Maas Monique , Beets Geerard L. , Bakers Frans C.H. , Beets-Tan Regina G.H. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
Diffusion-weighted imaging is increasingly used in rectal cancer MRI to assess response after chemoradiotherapy. Certain pitfalls (eg, artefacts) may hamper diffusion–MRI assessment, leading to suboptimal diagnostic performance. Combining diffusion-weighted MRI with the underlying morphology on standard (T2-weighted) MRI may help overcome these pitfalls.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a pattern-based approach combining tumor morphology on T2-weighted MRI with distinct diffusion-weighted imaging signal patterns to assess response after chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.

DESIGN:
Response to chemoradiotherapy was scored according to 4 patterns: 1) cases with either a clear residual mass with corresponding high-diffusion signal (A+) or completely normalized wall without diffusion signal (A–); 2) cases with circular and/or irregular fibrosis with (B+) or without (B–) small foci of diffusion signal scattered throughout the fibrosis; 3) cases with semicircular fibrosis with (C+) or without (C–) high diffusion signal at the inner margin of the fibrosis; and 4) polypoid tumors showing regression of the polyp and fibrosis at the site of the stalk with (D+) or without (D–) focal high-diffusion signal in the stalk. A total of 75 cases were rescored by an independent second reader to study interobserver variations. Standard of reference was histopathology or long-term outcome.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted at a single tertiary referral center.

PATIENTS:
A total of 222 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Diagnostic performance to discriminate between a complete response and residual tumor was measured.

RESULTS:
The pattern-based approach resulted in a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 77%, positive predictive value of 88%, negative predictive value of 87%, and overall accuracy of 88% to differentiate between tumor versus complete response. Accuracies per pattern were 100% (A), 74% (B), 86% (C), and 92% (D). Interobserver agreement was good (κ = 0.75).

LIMITATIONS:
The study included no comparison with routine (nonpattern) diffusion–MRI assessment.

CONCLUSIONS:
A pattern-based approach combining tumor morphology with distinct diffusion-weighted imaging patterns results in good diagnostic performance to assess response. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A433.