bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onde pára a classe média? Breves notas sobre o conceito e a realidade portuguesa
Authors: Estanque Elísio 
Published: June 2017

The present text focuses on the concept of middle class and its sociopolitical implications. Inasmuch as this is a topic that has been fuelling successive arguments in the academic field for some two hundred years, the author’s approach seeks to “deconstruct” some of the commonplaces that have involved this category over the years — particularly the connotation with political apathy, individualism and uncritical adherence to the “bourgeois” status quo. He takes examples from the recent cycle of social rebellions generated by the economic crisis and austerity policies — especially the protests that took place in Southern Europe and Brazil — to explore the hypothesis that the potential radicalism and transforming force of these movements are due not to a sense of “vanguardism” or “proletarian” identity, but rather to a “middle class initiative” derived precisely from the values and lifestyles incorporated — but not consolidated — by these segments. To put it another way, the discontent of the middle class (both the sectors that are moving upwards and those that are in decline) is a result of expectations, ambitions and desires to climb the social ladder, which the current economic system and governing class “promised”, but were unable to fulfil, with the middle class now threatened with impoverishment instead. The possible resurgence of conflict, be it either progressive or nationalist and conservative in nature, will certainly entail a prominent role on the part of these categories, marked as they are by instability, job precarity and the social model they once dreamed of.
"CLARICE", DE ANA MIRANDA: O HISTÓRICO, O BIOGRÁFICO, O FICCIONAL
Authors: Silva Francyélle Ribeiro da , Lopes Príncipe Patrícia Francyane 
Published: June 2017

Estudo da obra Clarice, de Ana Miranda, que insere a autora Clarice Lispector como personagem ficcional do romance, tendo como objetivo investigar o entrelaçamento de fatos biográficos e históricos e o tecido narrativo ficcional elaborado pela autora. Leva-se em conta a presença de uma estrutura narrativa amparada no âmbito privado da vida da escritora Clarice Lispector, reveladora de uma escrita historiográfica e biográfica. Observa-se, amparado em aporte teórico sobre narrativas de extração histórica, o universo narrativo constituído por meio de recursos como a metalinguagem, o pastiche e a intertextualidade. Neste sentido, autores como Hutcheon (1985, 1991), Esteves (1998, 2007, 2010), Weinhardt (1994, 2011), dentre outros, auxiliam a análise do texto, trazendo à tona aspectos importantes da narrativa, que está impregnada do estilo inconfundível de Lispector.
“BESONDERS PRAKTISCH FÜR DEN KOLONISTEN”: UMA ANÁLISE DOS CLASSIFICADOS DO JORNAL IMMIGRANT DE 1883 A 1888
Authors: Brandão Daniela Cristina Graupner , Mailer Valéria Contrucci de Oliveira 
Published: June 2017

A imprensa em língua alemã contribuiu sobremaneira para a estruturação e desenvolvimento das colônias no sul do Brasil. Além de oferecer informações sobre o país e o exterior, unificava o grupo de imigrantes por meio da língua, uma vez que muitos vinham de regiões diferentes da Alemanha com dialetos também diversos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os anúncios do jornal Immigrant, que circulou na Região do Vale do Itajaí entre os anos de 1883 e 1891. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com análise documental e a metodologia consistiu na tradução dos anúncios do alemão gótico, posterior categorização, sistematização em dados numéricos e por fim, geração de gráficos classificados por segmento: estilo, tamanho, língua, localização e etnia. As análises contribuíram para uma melhor compreensão desse período da imigração alemã, bem como possibilitaram a percepção de parte do contexto histórico-cultural e econômico da época, além do perfil dos anunciantes e dos destinatários, legitimando assim a função social da imprensa.
GFPas a Marker for Vacuoles in Plants
Authors: Neuhaus Jean‐Marc 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMicroscopic Evidence for the Coexistence of Two Different VacuolesGFPTargeted to a Neutral VacuoleGFPTargeted to an Acidic VacuoleIdentification of Vacuoles in Whole PlantsTargeting of Membrane‐BoundGFPto Tonoplast and Intermediate Compartments of the Secretory PathwayConclusionsAcknowledgments
Multienzyme Complexes Involved in the Benson–Calvin Cycle and in Fatty Acid Metabolism
Authors: Gontero Brigitte , Lebreton Sandrine , Graciet Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionSupramolecular Complexes Involved in theBenson–Calvin CycleSupramolecular Complexes Involved in Fatty Acid MetabolismKinetic Aspects of Multienzyme ComplexesConclusion
Intrinsic Photoprotective Mechanisms in Chlorophylls
Authors: Kotkowiak Michał , Dudkowiak Alina , Fiedor Leszek 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhotosynthetic energy conversion competes with the formation of chlorophyll triplet states and the generation of reactive oxygen species. These may, especially under high light stress, damage the photosynthetic apparatus. Many sophisticated photoprotective mechanisms have evolved to secure a harmless flow of excitation energy through the photosynthetic complexes. Time‐resolved laser‐induced optoacoustic spectroscopy was used to compare the properties of the T1 states of pheophytin a and its metallocomplexes. The lowest quantum yield of the T1 state is always observed in the Mg complex, which also shows the least efficient energy transfer to O2. Axial coordination to the central Mg further lowers the yield of both T1 and singlet oxygen. These results reveal the existence of intrinsic photoprotective mechanisms in chlorophylls, embedded in their molecular design, which substantially suppress the formation of triplet states and the efficiency of energy transfer to O2, each by 20–25 %. Such intrinsic photoprotective effects must have created a large evolutionary advantage for the Mg complexes during their evolution as the principal photoactive cofactors of photosynthetic proteins.
Large‐scale geophysical archaeological prospection pilot study at Viking Age and medieval sites in west Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Filzwieser Roland , Olesen Lis Helles , Neubauer Wolfgang , Trinks Immo , Mauritsen Esben Schlosser , Schneidhofer Petra , Nau Erich , Gabler Manuel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn 2014, a team of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology, in collaboration with Holstebro Museum, conducted a geophysical archaeological prospection pilot study at several Viking Age and medieval sites in West Jutland, Denmark; sites that had been discovered earlier by aerial archaeology. The high‐resolution surveys employed motorized ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetometer systems as well as novel post‐processing software. The aim of this study was to test the suitability of these methods and the chosen approach to efficiently explore, investigate and document prehistoric settlements on a large scale under the prevalent environmental conditions in this part of Denmark. Over the course of five days of fieldwork, numerous structures of archaeological interest, such as the remains of longhouses, property boundaries, pathways, pit houses and other buried remains of the settlements, were detected and mapped. The combination of the data gathered by magnetic and GPR prospection with the already existing aerial imagery permitted an integrated archaeological interpretation, resulting in considerable new knowledge about the investigated sites. In this paper, we present the results obtained for the Viking Age settlement at Stadil Mølleby and a medieval village near Rysensten, both situated on sandy soils.
Balanced task allocation in the on‐demand computing‐based transaction processing system using social spider optimization
Authors: Mahato Dharmendra Prasad , Singh Ravi Shankar 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBalanced task allocation is one of the methods that can be used to maximize the performance and reliability in the on‐demand computing‐based transaction processing system. On‐demand computing is an increasingly popular enterprise model. It provides computing resources to the user as needed, which may be maintained within the user's enterprise, or made available by a service provider. The balanced task allocation in such environment is known to be an NP hard. The reliability is a measure of trustworthiness of the system while executing the task. So we derive the reliability formula for the on‐demand computing‐based transaction processing system considering resource availability. We propose the balanced task allocation based on social spider optimization (LBTA_SSO) method for this problem. The LBTA_SSO is based on the cooperative behavior of social‐spiders to find a collection of task allocation solutions. We modified five existing algorithms to obtain the task allocation algorithms; Honey Bee Optimization (HBO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Hierarchical Load Balanced Algorithm (HLBA), Dynamic and Decentralized Load Balancing (DLB), and Randomized Algorithm respectively. Then, we compared the proposed algorithm with these modified algorithms. The results show that our algorithm works better than the modified existing algorithms.
Quantifying the degree of bias from using county‐scale data in species distribution modeling: Can increasing sample size or using county‐averaged environmental data reduce distributional overprediction?
Authors: Collins Steven D. , Abbott John C. , McIntyre Nancy E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCitizen‐science databases have been used to develop species distribution models (SDMs), although many taxa may be only georeferenced to county. It is tacitly assumed that SDMs built from county‐scale data should be less precise than those built with more accurate localities, but the extent of the bias is currently unknown. Our aims in this study were to illustrate the effects of using county‐scale data on the spatial extent and accuracy of SDMs relative to true locality data and to compare potential compensatory methods (including increased sample size and using overall county environmental averages rather than point locality environmental data). To do so, we developed SDMs in maxent with PRISM‐derived BIOCLIM parameters for 283 and 230 species of odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) and butterflies, respectively, for five subsets from the OdonataCentral and Butterflies and Moths of North America citizen‐science databases: (1) a true locality dataset, (2) a corresponding sister dataset of county‐centroid coordinates, (3) a dataset where the average environmental conditions within each county were assigned to each record, (4) a 50/50% mix of true localities and county‐centroid coordinates, and (5) a 50/50% mix of true localities and records assigned the average environmental conditions within each county. These mixtures allowed us to quantify the degree of bias from county‐scale data. Models developed with county centroids overpredicted the extent of suitable habitat by 15% on average compared to true locality models, although larger sample sizes (>100 locality records) reduced this disparity. Assigning county‐averaged environmental conditions did not offer consistent improvement, however. Because county‐level data are of limited value for developing SDMs except for species that are widespread and well collected or that inhabit regions where small, climatically uniform counties predominate, three means of encouraging more accurate georeferencing in citizen‐science databases are provided.
Conceptualizing ecosystem tipping points within a physiological framework
Authors: Harley Christopher D. G. , Connell Sean D. , Doubleday Zoë A. , Kelaher Brendan , Russell Bayden D. , Sarà Gianluca , Helmuth Brian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractConnecting the nonlinear and often counterintuitive physiological effects of multiple environmental drivers to the emergent impacts on ecosystems is a fundamental challenge. Unfortunately, the disconnect between the way “stressors” (e.g., warming) is considered in organismal (physiological) and ecological (community) contexts continues to hamper progress. Environmental drivers typically elicit biphasic physiological responses, where performance declines at levels above and below some optimum. It is also well understood that species exhibit highly variable response surfaces to these changes so that the optimum level of any environmental driver can vary among interacting species. Thus, species interactions are unlikely to go unaltered under environmental change. However, while these nonlinear, species‐specific physiological relationships between environment and performance appear to be general, rarely are they incorporated into predictions of ecological tipping points. Instead, most ecosystem‐level studies focus on varying levels of “stress” and frequently assume that any deviation from “normal” environmental conditions has similar effects, albeit with different magnitudes, on all of the species within a community. We consider a framework that realigns the positive and negative physiological effects of changes in climatic and nonclimatic drivers with indirect ecological responses. Using a series of simple models based on direct physiological responses to temperature and ocean pCO2, we explore how variation in environment‐performance relationships among primary producers and consumers translates into community‐level effects via trophic interactions. These models show that even in the absence of direct mortality, mismatched responses resulting from often subtle changes in the physical environment can lead to substantial ecosystem‐level change.
Phylogeography of a migratory songbird across its Canadian breeding range: Implications for conservation units
Authors: Haché Samuel , Bayne Erin M. , Villard Marc‐André , Proctor Heather , Davis Corey S. , Stralberg Diana , Janes Jasmine K. , Hallworth Michael T. , Foster Kenneth R. , Chidambara‐vasi Easwaramurthyvasi , Grossi Alexandra A. , Gorrell Jamieson C. , Krikun Richard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to describe and evaluate potential drivers of genetic structure in Canadian breeding populations of the Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla. We performed genetic analyses on feather samples of individuals from six study sites using nuclear microsatellites. We also assessed species identity and population genetic structure of quill mites (Acariformes, Syringophilidae). For male Ovenbirds breeding in three study sites, we collected light‐level geolocator data to document migratory paths and identify the wintering grounds. We also generated paleohindcast projections from bioclimatic models of Ovenbird distribution to identify potential refugia during the last glacial maximum (LGM, 21,000 years before present) as a factor explaining population genetic structure. Birds breeding in the Cypress Hills (Alberta/Saskatchewan) may be considered a distinct genetic unit, but there was no evidence for genetic differentiation among any other populations. We found relatively strong migratory connectivity in both western and eastern populations, but some evidence of mixing among populations on the wintering grounds. There was also little genetic variation among syringophilid mites from the different Ovenbird populations. These results are consistent with paleohindcast distribution predictions derived from two different global climate models indicating a continuous single LGM refugium, with the possibility of two refugia. Our results suggest that Ovenbird populations breeding in boreal and hemiboreal regions are panmictic, whereas the population breeding in Cypress Hills should be considered a distinct management unit.
Historic changes in length distributions of three Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks: Evidence of growth retardation
Authors: Svedäng Henrik , Hornborg Sara 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how combinations of fishing effort and selectivity affect productivity is central to fisheries research. We investigate the roles of fishing regulation in comparison with ecosystem status for Baltic Sea cod stock productivity, growth performance, and population stability. This case study is interesting because three cod populations with different exploitation patterns and stock status are located in three adjacent but partially, ecologically different areas. In assessing stock status, growth, and productivity, we use survey information and rather basic stock parameters without relying on age readings. Because there is an urgent interest of better understanding of the current development of the Eastern Baltic cod stock, we argue that our approach represents partly a novel way of interpreting monitoring information together with catch data in a simplified yet more informative way. Our study reports how the Eastern and Western Baltic cod have gone toward more truncated size structures between 1991 and 2016, in particular for the Eastern Baltic cod, whereas the Öresund cod show no trend. We suggest that selective fishing may disrupt fish population dynamic stability and that lower natural productivity might amplify the effects of selective fishing. In support of earlier findings on a density‐dependent growth of Eastern Baltic cod, management is advised to acknowledge that sustainable exploitation levels for Eastern Baltic cod are much more limited than perceived in regular assessments. Of more general importance, our results emphasize the need to embrace a more realistic view on what ecosystems can produce regarding tractable fish biomass to facilitate a more ecosystem‐based fisheries management.
No evidence of nonlinear effects of predator density, refuge availability, or body size of prey on prey mortality rates
Authors: Simkins Richard M. , Belk Mark C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPredator density, refuge availability, and body size of prey can all affect the mortality rate of prey. We assume that more predators will lead to an increase in prey mortality rate, but behavioral interactions between predators and prey, and availability of refuge, may lead to nonlinear effects of increased number of predators on prey mortality rates. We tested for nonlinear effects in prey mortality rates in a mesocosm experiment with different size classes of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as the prey, different numbers of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) as the predators, and different levels of refuge. Predator number and size class of prey, but not refuge availability, had significant effects on the mortality rate of prey. Change in mortality rate of prey was linear and equal across the range of predator numbers. Each new predator increased the mortality rate by about 10% overall, and mortality rates were higher for smaller size classes. Predator–prey interactions at the individual level may not scale up to create nonlinearity in prey mortality rates with increasing predator density at the population level.
The impact of hydraulic processes in Olduvai Beds I and II, Tanzania, through a particle dimension analysis of stone tool assemblages
Authors: de la Torre Ignacio , Benito‐Calvo Alfonso , Proffitt Tomos 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe effect of post‐depositional processes on the formation of Plio‐Pleistocene sites at Olduvai Gorge is the subject of considerable debate, due mainly to its implications for the behavioral interpretation of the Beds I and II assemblages. In light of this debate, here we contribute to the discussion that investigates the role of water flow in site formation at Olduvai. This is achieved by assessing the artifact size and shape ranges of lithic assemblages excavated by Mary Leakey from both Oldowan (FLK North Levels 3 and 1, FLK Zinj, FLK North Levels 6‐1, Sandy Conglomerate andDeinotherium, HWKE Level 1) and early Acheulean (TK Lower and Upper Floor) sites. We apply grain size and shape statistical techniques to these stone tool assemblages in order to classify sites according to patterns in artifact dimensions. These patterns are then compared to those produced during experimental flaking, thus providing a referential framework against which the archaeological assemblages can be interpreted. Artifact size distribution results show pronounced differences between the archaeological and experimental assemblages. Most of the archaeological assemblages are characterized by a bimodal size trend that is opposed to the dominantly unimodal distribution seen in the flaking experiments. The few archaeological assemblages where the distribution is predominantly unimodal (TF Lower Floor, TK Upper Floor and FLK Zinj) also show a significant underrepresentation of smaller artifacts, when compared to the experimental distributions. Overall, the comparison of archaeological materials with experimental results enables a more accurate assessment of the impact of natural processes over the Bed I and II assemblages, and further, it helps to refine our understanding of taphonomic and behavioral contexts for the Oldowan and early Acheulean sites at Olduvai Gorge.
A new depression‐dominated delineation (D‐cubed) method for improved watershed modelling
Authors: Tahmasebi Nasab Mohsen , Zhang Jianli , Chu Xuefeng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrior to hydrologic modelling, topographic features of a surface are derived, and the surface is divided into sub‐basins. Surface delineation can be described as a procedure, which leads to the quantitative rendition of surface topography. Different approaches have been developed for surface delineation, but most of them may not be applicable to depression‐dominated surfaces. The main objective of this study is to introduce a new depression‐dominated delineation (D‐cubed) method and highlight its unique features by applying it to different topographic surfaces. The D‐cubed method accounts for the hierarchical relationships of depressions and channels by introducing the concept of channel‐based unit (CBU) and its connection with the concept of puddle‐based unit (PBU). This new delineation method implements a set of new algorithms to determine flow directions and accumulations for puddle‐related flats. The D‐cubed method creates a unique cascaded channel‐puddle drainage system based on the channel segmentation algorithm. To demonstrate the capabilities of the D‐cubed method, a small laboratory‐scale surface and 2 natural surfaces in North Dakota were delineated. The results indicated that the new method delineated different surfaces with and without the presence of depressional areas. Stepwise changes in depression storage and ponding area were observed for the 3 selected surfaces. These stepwise changes highlighted the dynamic filling, spilling, and merging processes of depressions, which need to be considered in hydrologic modelling for depression‐dominated areas. Comparisons between the D‐cubed method and other methods emphasized the potential consequences of use of artificial channels through the flats created by the depression‐filling process in the traditional approaches. In contrast, in the D‐cubed method, sub‐basins were further divided into a number of smaller CBUs and PBUs, creating a channel‐puddle drainage network. The testing of the D‐cubed method also demonstrated its applicability to a wide range of digital elevation model resolutions. Consideration of CBUs, PBUs, and their connection provides the opportunity to incorporate the D‐cubed method into different hydrologic models and improve their simulation of topography‐controlled runoff processes, especially for depression‐dominated areas.