bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols: evaluation of quasi-global WRF-Chem simulation with multiple observations
Authors: Hu Zhiyuan , Zhao Chun , Huang Jianping , Leung L. Ruby , Qian Yun , Yu Hongbin , Huang Lei , Kalashnikova Olga V. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. A fully coupled meteorology-chemistry model (WRF-Chem, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry) has been configured to conduct quasi-global simulation for 5 years (2010–2014) and evaluated with multiple observation data sets for the first time. The evaluation focuses on the simulation over the trans-Pacific transport region using various reanalysis and observational data sets for meteorological fields and aerosol properties. The simulation generally captures the overall spatial and seasonal variability of satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and absorbing AOD (AAOD) over the Pacific that is determined by the outflow of pollutants and dust and the emissions of marine aerosols. The assessment of simulated extinction Ångström exponent (EAE) indicates that the model generally reproduces the variability of aerosol size distributions as seen by satellites. In addition, the vertical profile of aerosol extinction and its seasonality over the Pacific are also well simulated. The difference between the simulation and satellite retrievals can be mainly attributed to model biases in estimating marine aerosol emissions as well as the satellite sampling and retrieval uncertainties. Compared with the surface measurements over the western USA, the model reasonably simulates the observed magnitude and seasonality of dust, sulfate, and nitrate surface concentrations, but significantly underestimates the peak surface concentrations of carbonaceous aerosol likely due to model biases in the spatial and temporal variability of biomass burning emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production. A sensitivity simulation shows that the trans-Pacific transported dust, sulfate, and nitrate can make significant contribution to surface concentrations over the rural areas of the western USA, while the peaks of carbonaceous aerosol surface concentrations are dominated by the North American emissions. Both the retrievals and simulation show small interannual variability of aerosol characteristics for 2010–2014 averaged over three Pacific sub-regions. The evaluation in this study demonstrates that the WRF-Chem quasi-global simulation can be used for investigating trans-Pacific transport of aerosols and providing reasonable inflow chemical boundaries for the western USA, allowing one to further understand the impact of transported pollutants on the regional air quality and climate with high-resolution nested regional modeling.
The heavy metals content in wild growing mushrooms from burdened Spiš area
Authors: Slávik Marek , Tóth Tomáš , Árvay Július , Harangozo Ľuboš , Kopernická Miriama 
Published: May 2016

In this work, we evaluated the rate of entry of heavy metals into the edible parts of wild mushrooms, from central Spiš area. The area is characterized by extremely high content of heavy metals particularly mercury in abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems. The toxicity of heavy metals is well known and described. Known is also the ability of fungi to accumulate contaminants from substrates in which mushrooms grow. We have collected commonly consumed species of mushrooms (Russula vesca., Macrolepiota procera, Lycoperdon pyriforme, Lecinum piceinum, Boletus reticulatus). Sampling was conducted for two years 2012 and 2013. The samples taken mushrooms and substrates on which to grow, we determined heavy metal content (Cd, Pb, Cu), including total mercury content modified by atomic absorption spectrometry (AMA - 254). In the substrate, we determined the humus content and pH value. The heavy metal content in soils were evaluated according to Law no. 220/2004 Z.z The exceedance limit values of Cd, Pb, Cu and Hg was recorded. Most significantly the respective limit was recorded in soil samples in the case of mercury. The determined concentration Hg was 39.01 mg.kg-1. From the results, we evaluated the degree of ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals different kinds of fungi. We also evaluated the health safety of the consumption of these fungi on the comparison with the limit values provided in the food code of SR. We recorded a high rate of accumulation of mercury in the species Boletus reticulatus and Macrolepiota procera. For these types we recorded the most significant than allowed concentrations of mercury in mushrooms. The highest recorded concentration reached 17.64 mg.kg-1 Hg in fresh matter. The limit value was exceeded also in the case of copper. We do not recommend to increased consumption of wild mushrooms in the reference area.
Effect of diet supplemented with propolis extract and probiotic additives on performance, carcass characteristics and meat composition of broiler chickens
Authors: Haščí­k Peter , Trenbecká Lenka , Bobko Marek , Kačániová Miroslava , Čuboň Juraj , Kunová Simona , Bučko Ondřej 
Published: May 2016

The present research focused on the effects of propolis extract and probiotic preparation based on Lactobacillus fermentum (1 × 109 CFU per 1 g of bearing medium) on performance, carcass characteristics and meat composition of broiler chickens. The experiment was performed with 360 one day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks of mixed sex. The chicks were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 120 pcs chicks per group), namely, control (C) and experimental (E1, E2). Each group consisted of 3 replicated pens with 40 broiler chickens per pen. The experiment employed a randomized design, and dietary treatments were as follows: 1. basal diet with no supplementation as control (group C), 2. basal diet plus 400 mg propolis extract per 1 kg of feed mixture (group E1), 3. basal diet plus 3.3 g probiotic preparation added to drinking water (group E2). Besides, the groups were kept under the same conditions. Fattening period lasted for 42 days. Feed mixtures were produced without any antibiotic preparations and coccidiostats. As regards performance of broilers, all the investigated parameters were improved after addition of the supplements, especially after probiotic supplementation. However, neither propolis extract nor probiotic in diet of broiler chickens had any significant effect (p ≥0.05) on performance. Meat composition was evaluated as proximate composition (dry matter, crude protein, fat and ash), cholesterol content and energy value in the most valuable parts of chicken meat (breast and thigh muscles). The statistically significant results (p ≤0.05) were attained in fat, ash and cholesterol content, as well as energy value in both breast and thigh muscles after the propolis supplementation. To sum up, the present study demonstrated the promising potential of propolis extract and probiotic to enhance the performance, carcass characteristics and meat composition under conditions of the experiment with, however, statistical significance of results in a few parameters.
Le concept de théâtre musical en Italie
Authors: Guerrasio Francesca 
Published: May 2016

La notion de « théâtre musical » dans la seconde moitié du xxe siècle, attire l’attention de nombreux compositeurs en Europe. En Italie, l’intérêt pour le théâtre musical se manifeste au cœur de la production et de la réflexion musicales d’avant-garde dans les années soixante. Des compositeurs tels Luigi Nono, Luciano Berio, Salvatore Sciarrino (pour n’en citer que trois) possèdent la volonté de reconstruire le monde musical autour d’une nouvelle approche créative indifférente au scandale, qui mette en lumière la richesse qu’une telle expérience peut apporter, et la volonté communicative qui en résulte. L’absence d’interventions communicatives, des esthétiques arides et des exécutions monotones sont le résultat d’une approche pseudo-scientifique de la musique fondée sur des analyses stériles et sur des calculs mathématiques. Il est nécessaire, pour ces compositeurs, de « communiquer » à l’aide d’un discours qui doit être porteur d’un sens, d’une familiarité, d’une connaissance, d’un amour : d’un rapport affectif et émotionnel touchant à tous les protagonistes/récepteurs d’un tel langage. L’exploration du coté inexploré de l’expérience musicale est à la base d’un renouvellement essentiel de formes de théâtre considérées comme traditionnelles et révolues (comme l’opéra lyrique).
Affects and Effects of Indigenous Tanzanian Traditional Music in Christian Worship in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mkallyah Kassomo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper explores specific musical and cultural attributes that make indigenous Tanzanian music traditions effective in church worship in Dar es Salaam, the foremost metropolis in this East African nation. Based in empirical evidence, it argues that the power of indigenous Tanzanian music traditions, in heightening the religious experience of believers, is inherent in musical attributes--melody, harmony and rhythms--as well as the cultural aesthetics that facilitate the believers’ identification with such local music. Specifically, the article shows how the power of indigenous Tanzanian music to arouse deep and demonstrable emotions among church members is attributable to the characteristics of traditional music and its cultural usage. Indeed, as the article affirms, the strength of these culturally-rich indigenous Tanzanian music traditions can be traced to their African origins and the traditional attributes and aesthetics that make them deeply religious and powerful in generating emotions.
Trajetória artística de Alphonsus Benetti
Authors: Brasil Luana De Siqueira , Corrêa Ayrton Dutra 
Published: May 2016

Com a presente investigação pretende-se conhecer e divulgar a trajetória artística de Alfonso Benetti, pintor conhecido nacional e internacionalmente pela sua produção de grande porte na esfera da pintura. O referido artista é Coordenador de um dos ateliês de pintura do Centro de Artes e Letras da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – RS. Sua construção é intensa e constante, trabalhando a figura feminina nas mais variadas possibilidades representacionais. Embora tenha explorado as linguagens do desenho e da xilogravura sua opção foi decisiva pela pintura.Palavras-chave : Trajetória artística; pintura; investigação.
¿Qué significa aprender desde Proyectos de Indagación?
Authors: Valle Lutiere Dalla 
Published: May 2016

El entrelazamiento entre Cine y Educación es el punto dónde he partido para la construcción de esta investigación. A través de indagaciones desarrolladas en una signatura del curso de Licenciatura dado por Fernando Hernández ( Historia y Curriculum de Educación Artística de la Universidad de Barcelona/ BBAA/ UB/ ES) y a partir de la película francesa “Entre les Murs” y los Proyectos de Indagación construidos por las estudiantes del Curso. Los elementos que desde allí surgieron nos sirven para pensar otras formas de investigación y construcción de conocimientos en la academia. Tomando por base la Perspectiva Construccionista y de los Estudios de la Cultura Visual a partir de Proyectos de Trabajo, el objetivo principal de este labor fue saber qué significa aprender desde Proyectos de Indagación, desde el cine y qué aportaciones a los Estudios de la Cultura Visual podremos tejer. De esta manera, tomando parte de las Pedagogías Culturales, Educación de la Cultura Visual y Prácticas Artísticas Colaborativas, lo que presento es un recogido del proceso desarrollado y un análisis de lo vivido/construido. Palabras clave: Proyectos de Indagación – Proyectos de Trabajo – Aprendizaje Colaborativo – Cine - Educación
La dissociation musique/images dans Jurassic Park : un élargissement des pratiques compositionnelles de l’âge d’or hollywoodien dans la partition de John Williams
Authors: Huvet Chloé 
Published: May 2016

Revendiquant une filiation avec les compositeurs de l’âge d’or hollywoodien et faisant valoir des conceptions relativement similaires quant à la place et au rôle de la musique au sein du film, John Williams est souvent représenté dans la littérature spécialisée comme l’héritier direct des pionniers du symphonisme.
Tandis que les études des partitions de Williams restent souvent focalisées sur le synchronisme, il apparaît au contraire intéressant d’analyser les procédés de mise à distance entre la musique et l’image. Cette étude de la musique composée pour Jurassic Park, laquelle n’a encore fait l’objet d’aucune recherche musicologique véritablement approfondie, interroge l’apport et la singularité de Williams au regard des pratiques antérieures de la dissociation musique/images. Cette approche permet aussi de faire ressortir les lacunes du discours dominant sur un compositeur contemporain.
En effet, une analyse méticuleuse de la partition de Jurassic Park permet de mettre au jour un hiatus entre ce discours dominant et la pratique effective du compositeur. Williams ne se contente pas de reprendre les types de décalage musique/images employés par les pionniers du symphonisme, mais élargit les procédés et réévalue leur utilisation. En outre, certains modes de dissociation apparaissent comme spécifiques au compositeur. Dans plusieurs scènes, Williams renforce la discontinuité du montage afin de mettre en valeur un changement dramatique soudain. Une distance musicale est aussi créée par rapport aux dialogues, aux réactions des personnages et aux références visuelles. Se démarquant du 100 pour cent musical, la partition accorde une place importante au silence, la musique étant absente aux moments dont l’accompagnement est traditionnellement convenu. Enfin, s’écartant des pratiques du symphonisme hollywoodien, Williams se livre à un traitement relativement inattendu et personnel de la mort, tandis que sa musique nuance la perception d’un happy end en nimbant les derniers plans d’un voile triste et mélancolique.
Vox et machina : lorsque l’électronique redéploie la voix dans les opéras de Philippe Manoury (En écho, 60e Parallèle, K…, La Frontière, La Nuit de Gutenberg)
Authors: Tissier Brice 
Published: May 2016

À la fois compositeur et chercheur, Manoury s’est très tôt intéressé à l’interaction en temps réel entre les instruments acoustiques et les nouvelles technologies liées à l’informatique musicale, telle que développée à l’Institut de recherche et coordination acoustique/musique (Ircam) à partir des années 1980. Après Répons (première version en 1981) de Pierre Boulez, le besoin se fait en effet sentir de casser la rigidité de l’outil électronique et d’explorer au-delà du dialogue conventionnel instrument/ordinateur, afin d’élaborer, enfin, une symbiose réciproquement profitable, malléable en concert, et constamment renouvelable, à la manière d’une interprétation concertante. Après l’instrument, le compositeur devait très rapidement se pencher sur la problématique soulevée par la voix. À partir de 1993, Manoury travaillera ainsi à la capture, puis au traitement numérique de la voix en temps réel, d’abord par une analyse des composantes acoustiques du son, puis une manipulation de ces composantes. Le cycle de mélodies En écho (1993-1994) pour soprano et électronique représentera le premier stade de cette réflexion, toujours dans le cadre de recherches expérimentales.
Si le chercheur Manoury recherche l’innovation, le compositeur Manoury, quant à lui, se tourne aussi volontiers vers les institutions et les genres musicaux traditionnels, dont l’opéra et la musique chorale. L’écriture vocale de Manoury, que l’on peut qualifier de simple et naturelle, témoigne d’une grande flexibilité et est le fruit d’une réflexion qui prend en compte les limites du langage post-sériel, et dont témoignent ses différents opéras. Or, ce retour au genre-roi ne saurait se priver de l’innovation électronique nouvellement créée ; 60e Parallèle (1995-1996), K… (2000), La Frontière (2003) et La Nuit de Gutenberg (2011) intègrent une partie électronique, profitant, pour chaque opus, des avancées de la technique au service de la voix et de l’art lyrique. L’objet de ce texte est de proposer une approche globale des différents projets lyriques de Manoury, afin de mettre notamment en lumière le rôle de plus en plus prononcé de la transformation électronique sur le plan dramatique, et d’étudier également le réel travail de réciprocité entre l’instrumental et l’électronique.
Low-temperature growth of single-walled carbon nanotube using Al2O3/Pd/Al2O3 multilayer catalyst by alcohol gas source method at high vacuum
Authors: Kiribayashi Hoshimitsu , Ogawa Seigo , Kozawa Akinari , Saida Takahiro , Naritsuka Shigeya , Maruyama Takahiro 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We carried out single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth at 500 and 600 °C using Al2O3/Pd/Al2O3 multilayer catalysts on SiO2/Si substrates by the alcohol gas source method. When the ethanol pressures were 1 × 10−4 and 1 × 10−3 Pa, radial-breathing-mode (RBM) peaks and sharp G band peaks appeared in Raman spectra, indicating the growth of SWCNTs even at 500 °C. When the growth temperature and ethanol pressure were 500 °C and 1 × 10−4 Pa, respectively, the growth rate decreased gradually with the growth time, but the SWCNT growth continued for more than 4 h and the diameter distribution changed as the growth proceeded. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that oxidized Pd catalyst particles were reduced to metallic states after the SWCNT growth started.
Design of thermal-noise-harnessing single-electron circuit for efficient signal propagation
Authors: Hirashima Ryo , Oya Takahide 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We propose a new single-electron (SE) circuit that can improve the signal propagation speed by harnessing thermal noise efficiently. Generally, an SE circuit has some weaknesses. It is very sensitive to thermal noise and it takes a long time for signal propagation. To solve these problems, we focus on a unique function at an output terminal (an axon) of a neuron that can improve the signal propagation speed because of its distinctive structure. It is expected that a new high-speed SE circuit can be realized by mimicking the structure of the neuron. Here, we indicate the possibility of improving the signal propagation speed by harnessing the thermal noise in one-dimensional neuromorphic single-electron oscillators. Moreover, we designed a two-dimensional neuromorphic single-electron oscillator as an advanced circuit and confirmed its tolerance to thermal noise. Our study will be useful for constructing novel devices that actively use noise energy in the future.
Chlorine-based inductively coupled plasma etching of GaAs wafer using tripodal paraffinic triptycene as an etching resist mask
Authors: Matsutani Akihiro , Ishiwari Fumitaka , Shoji Yoshiaki , Kajitani Takashi , Uehara Takuya , Nakagawa Masaru , Fukushima Takanori 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We report the etching properties of tripodal paraffinic triptycene (TripC12) used as a thermal nanoimprint lithography (TNIL) resist mask in Cl2 plasma etching. Using thermally nanoimprinted TripC12 films, we achieved microfabrication of a GaAs substrate by Cl2-based inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the chemical structure of TripC12 remains intact after the ICP etching process using Cl2. We believe that TNIL using TripC12 films is useful for fabricating optical/electrical devices and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMSs).
Direct fabrication of Cu/Cu2O composite micro-temperature sensor using femtosecond laser reduction patterning
Authors: Mizoshiri Mizue , Ito Yasuaki , Arakane Shun , Sakurai Junpei , Hata Seiichi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Micro-temperature sensors, which composed of a Cu2O-rich sensing part and two Cu-rich electrodes, were directly fabricated by femtosecond laser reduction patterning of CuO nanoparticles. Patterning of the microstructures was performed by laser scanning with pitches of 5, 10, and 15 µm. Cu2O-rich micropatterns were formed at the laser scan speed of 1 mm/s, the pitch of 5 µm, and the pulse energy of 0.54 nJ. Cu-rich micropatterns that had high generation selectivity of Cu against Cu2O were fabricated at the laser scan speed of 15 mm/s, the pitch of 5 µm, and the pulse energy of 0.45 nJ. Electrical resistivities of the Cu2O- and Cu-rich micropatterns were approximately 10 Ω m and 9 µΩ m, respectively. The temperature coefficient of the resistance of the micro-temperature sensor fabricated under these laser irradiation conditions was −5.5 × 10−3/°C. This resistance property with a negative value was consistent with that of semiconductor Cu2O.
Leadership Behavior of NGO Managers and Directors in Northern Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Derindag Mehmet Rizal 
Published: May 2016

Non-government organizations (NGOs) have played a pivotal role in community development and nation building in the Philippines. However, there is a paucity of literature on the leadership behaviors of NGO leaders and how these influence performances of NGOs in the country. This study aimed to determine leadership behavior of selected NGO directors in Iligan and Cagayan de Oro City in Northern Mindanao Philippines. The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire, a previously validated questionnaire, was used in this study. Approval from four selected NGOs in Northern Mindanao was sought prior to the collection of data. These NGOs were selected based on their common goal of achieving the Millennium Development Agenda. Informed consent was obtained from 100 participants of these NGOs. Data from the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings showed that the most common leadership behavior was Considerate, Facilitative, Autocratic and Participative Leadership behaviors. Findings suggest that NGO leaders in Northern Mindanao tend to involve members during decision-making and place a high value on the contributions of the members. Findings could form baseline data on leadership behaviors of NGO leaders in Northern Mindanao. It is recommended that associations between leadership behavior and performances of the NGOs should be investigated in future studies. Keywords - Management, leadership behavior, non-government organizations, descriptive-survey, Northern Mindanao, Philippines
Knowledge Management and Business Continuity Practices of the Central Bank of the Philippines
Authors: Resurreccion Josefina L. , Sy Maria Victoria U. 
Published: May 2016

The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas formulates and implements monetary policies to attain its mandated responsibilities of maintaining price stability and attaining a sustainable and balanced growth. To concretize these goals, BSP pursues knowledge management practices to accumulate the right kind of information and render timely business services. Furthermore, the Bank adheres to the concept of business continuity to avoid any disruption in the delivery of services if business outages do occur.The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which knowledge management and business continuity practices were implemented among the various regional and branch offices of BSP. The research was done with the end view of proposing an intervention scheme to strengthen its implementation. The study made use of the descriptive method of research using the questionnaire as the primary source of data. The findings revealed that the practices on the two projects were manifested to a great extent that contributed to the improvement of the Bank’s services. However, it can be gleaned from the results that there is a need to revisit the various components of the two projects periodically to ensure its relevance in attaining sustainable economic and financial objectives. Keywords - Business Education, Central Bank of the Philippines, monetary policies, knowledge management, business continuity practices, sustainable and balanced growth, descriptive design, Philippines, Asia