bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay between attention, experience and skills in online language teaching
Authors: Shi Lijing , Stickler Ursula , Lloyd Mair E. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The demand for online teaching is growing as is the recognition that online teachers require highly sophisticated skills to manage classrooms and create an environment conducive to learning. However, there is little rigorous empirical research investigating teachers’ thoughts and actions during online tutorials. Taking a sociocultural perspective, this study explores the interplay between the attention focus of language teachers during synchronous online tutorials and their reflections on their own teaching practices. Eyetracking data show that patterns of attention focus on different areas of the screen (representing technical facilities, social interaction and content) are related to practitioners’ experience in online teaching including familiarity with a particular platform. In particular, those with less online teaching experience display greater attention to technical areas than their more experienced colleagues. These findings are confirmed in the teachers’ reflective interviews, stimulated by watching gazeplot videos of their online tutorials. Their reflections also yield deeper insight into reasons for particular actions. Thematic analysis was used to relate the reflections on teaching strategies to the levels of online teaching skills (Hampel and Stickler 2005, New skills for new classrooms: Training tutors to teach languages online. Computer Assisted Language Learning 18(4). 311–326). Our research has extended Bax’s normalisation (2003, CALL – past, present and future. System 31(1). 13–28. doi: 10.1016/s0346-251x(02)00071-4) of the use of technology in face-to-face classroom learning into online learning environments. Mirroring the ontogenetic development of increasing digitalisation, teachers in online environments appropriate the skills necessary to free cognitive resources for attending to social and pedagogic aspects of their teaching.
Sasakian structures a foliated approach
Authors: Wolak Robert A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Recent renewed interest in Sasakian manifolds is due mainly to the fact that they can provide examples of generalized Einstein manifolds, manifolds which are of great interest in mathematical models of various aspects of physical phenomena. Sasakian manifolds are odd dimensional counterparts of Kählerian manifolds to which they are closely related. The paper presents a foliated approach to Sasakian manifolds on which the author gave several lectures. The paper concentrates on cohomological properties of Sasakian manifolds and of transversely holomorphic and Kählerian foliations. These properties permit to formulate obstructions to the existence of Sasakian structures on compact manifolds.
Quantum Riemannian geometry of phase space and nonassociativity
Authors: Beggs Edwin J. , Majid Shahn 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Noncommutative or ‘quantum’ differential geometry has emerged in recent years as a process for quantizing not only a classical space into a noncommutative algebra (as familiar in quantum mechanics) but also differential forms, bundles and Riemannian structures at this level. The data for the algebra quantisation is a classical Poisson bracket while the data for quantum differential forms is a Poisson-compatible connection. We give an introduction to our recent result whereby further classical data such as classical bundles, metrics etc. all become quantised in a canonical ‘functorial’ way at least to 1st order in deformation theory. The theory imposes compatibility conditions between the classical Riemannian and Poisson structures as well as new physics such as typical nonassociativity of the differential structure at 2nd order. We develop in detail the case of ℂℙn where the commutation relations have the canonical form [wi, w̄j] = iλδij similar to the proposal of Penrose for quantum twistor space. Our work provides a canonical but ultimately nonassociative differential calculus on this algebra and quantises the metric and Levi-Civita connection at lowest order in λ.
Countering a Self-protection Frequency-shifting Jamming against LFM Pulse Compression Radars
Authors: Baher Safa Hanbali S. , Kastantin Radwan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
the well-known range-Doppler coupling property of the LFM (Linear Frequency Modulation) pulse compression radar makes it more vulnerable to repeater jammer that shifts radar signal in the frequency domain before retransmitting it back to the radar. The repeater jammer, in this case, benefits from the pulse compression processing gain of the radar receiver, and generates many false targets that appear before and after the true target. Therefore, the radar cannot distinguish between the true target and the false ones.
In this paper, we present a new technique to counter frequency shifting repeater jammers. The proposed technique is based on introducing a small change in the sweep bandwidth of LFM waveform. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is justified by mathematical analysis and demonstrated by simulation.
Improved and innovated universal DAQ microcontroller unit
Authors: Dostálek Petr , Pekař Libor , Navrátil Pavel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper is aimed at the description of hardware design, software equipment and the functionality of the second evolution of the intelligent multipurpose input/output microcontroller converter and control unit designed and assembled by the authors. Preceding stages of the unit development are concisely overviewed first, the deficiencies of which give rise to the primary motivation of this contribution. Then separate hardware parts of the novel unit are described in detail including electronic schematic diagrams. The device firmware and software capabilities are introduced as well. The advantages of the unit are highlighted compared to older versions. Its functionality, performance and efficiency are then verified by a laboratory control-related dynamic responses measurement example. In the contrary to previous evolutions, a more compact hardware design, increased A/D and D/A converter resolutions, added USB communication capability, better and more accurate analog circuits with more advanced operation amplifiers, the use of OLED instead of LCD display, the pulse-width modulated signal generated by the microcontroller unit itself can be considered among the most important improvements. Moreover, the direct use of the serial link may reduce noise significantly and makes the device more universal.
RBCP-WSN: The Reliable Biderectional Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Golański Marcin , Schoeneich Radosław O. , Zgid Dawid , Franciszkiewicz Marek , Kucharski Michał 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the Reliable Bidirectional Control Protocol (RBCP) protocol, which is a transport protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), focused on managing sensors’ behaviour. It aims to be a utility for reliable control data transferring from source to destination unit in the network. Considering the related studies on transport protocols, which are mostly dedicated to a single-direction reliable data transport, RBCP is the answer for the lack of control mechanisms in WSNs based on bidirectional communication. The first part of this paper is focused on general presentation of the proposed solution. In the next part, evaluation of the idea and final functionality are discussed. It will finally show the results of undergone testing stage.
The channel for hidden data transmission in WSN
Authors: Schoeneich Radosław O. , Golański Marcin , Kucharski Michał , Franciszkiewicz Marek , Zgid Dawid 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper describes an idea and realisation of hidden data transmision using Tiny Aggregation Covert Channel (TAGCC)in Wireless Sensor Networks. Our solution uses data aggregation mechanism called Tiny Aggregation (TAG). The protocol is based on idea of hidden messages sending without generate additional data packets and encryption. The paper describes details of proposed algorithm and simulation results obtained during testing of the sensor networks with hidden channel TAGCC.
Network Information Hiding and Science 2.0: Can it be a Match?
Authors: Wendzel Steffen , Caviglione Luca , Mazurczyk Wojciech , Lalande Jean-Francois 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Science 2.0 aims at using the information sharing and collaborative features of the Internet to offer new features to the research community. Science 2.0 has been already applied to computer sciences, especially bioinformatics. For network information hiding, a field studying the possibility of concealing a communication in networks, the application of Science 2.0 is still a rather uncovered territory. To foster the discussion of potential benefits for network information hiding, we provide a disquisition for six different Science 2.0 aspects when applied to this domain.
Opportunity Evaluation Using Uncertainties in Software Entrepreneurship
Authors: Tomy Sarath , Pardede Eric 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstand the uncertainties and evaluate the opportunity are essential to support the number of new businesses launched every day. The aim of this paper is to analyse the uncertainty factors related to the evaluation of opportunity in software entrepreneurship. This study is concerned with developing a simple and effective framework for software entrepreneurs to evaluate opportunities for their projected venture and predict its success in an uncertain environment. The paper begins with identifying uncertainty factors relevant to software start-ups. Then, we introduce the Opportunity Evaluation Model to evaluate the scope of opportunities as moderated by the uncertainties using External Factor Evaluation (EFE) and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix methods. The model outputs Internal-External (I-E) matrix containing graphical representation of the opportunity position, with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats identified from the inputs. Two case studies with different factor ratings for uncertainties are demonstrated using the model with a detailed explanation of the procedure of implementation. The article ends with a note on the efficacy of the framework and reiterates the importance of research examining opportunities in relation with surrounding uncertainties. Early recognition and management of uncertainties identified in this paper can increase the chance of success for new software ventures.
The Puzzle of Class in Presidential Voting
Authors: Stonecash Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe conventional wisdom is that class divisions once prevailed but in recent decades have gradually declined. Indeed, many now suggest that the working class has been voting Republican since the 1980s. The historical evidence on voting in presidential elections does not indicate that there was a decline since the 1950s. If anything, the well-off and more educated have moved somewhat more Democratic, lessening class divisions. There has, however, been a change since the 2008 election, with the working class – whether only whites or all – moving away from the Democrats. This may not mean a decline of the working class voting their interests. It may be that the economic recovery of recent years has done little to help the working class and they have taken a gamble that a businessman will help their job prospects more.
Social Class, Meritocracy, and the Geography of the “American Dream”
Authors: Ellis Christopher 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper uses original survey data to explore the landscape of support for a number of aspects of what might be called “the American Dream:” the notion that hard work is rewarded, and individuals succeed and fail due primarily to their own efforts. In general, I find that Americans generally endorse the idea that hard work leads to success and that economic mobility is possible for those willing to put in the effort, but that there is significant individual and contextual variation in support for those beliefs. I find that most variation in support for meritocratic belief is a function of simple partisan politics: differences between liberals and conservatives, and between Democrats and Republicans, are far more important to explaining meritocratic belief than any other sociodemographic factor. But attributes of the context in which one lives matter as well. Among other things, this paper highlights the importance of local economic decline as an important topic for future research: those who live in communities that have seen their relative economic fortunes drop over the past decade are less likely to believe in meritocracy than those who have seen their communities thrive.
Is America More Divided by Race or Class? Race, Income, and Attitudes among Whites, African Americans, and Latinos
Authors: Rhodes Jesse H. , Schaffner Brian F. , McElwee Sean 
Published: May 2017

AbstractScholars have long been interested in examining how race and class each shape citizens’ political attitudes. To date, however, there have been few efforts to untangle how race and class intersect to shape Americans’ political identities and attitudes about public policies. We argue that it is important to investigate attitudes inter-sectionally. Pooling the 2012 and 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Studies to obtain large numbers of observations of non-whites and individuals with high incomes, we observe patterns of partisan identity, beliefs about racial prejudice, and attitudes about public policies. Our results suggest that race and class intersect in different ways for different groups in society. Increasing income erodes differences in attitudes between Latinos and whites, but has no effect on the large gap in attitudes between African Americans and whites.
Partisanship, Class, and Attitudes towards the Divided Welfare State
Authors: Faricy Christopher 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe United States has a divided social welfare state split between public programs and tax subsidies for private benefits. Moreover, this separation is mapped onto divisions of political party and socioeconomic class. Democratic elites prefer creating and expanding public programs that assist the working poor and Republicans prefer using tax subsidies to help wealthier citizens pay for social services and benefits. Are these relationships among partisanship, socioeconomic class, and patterns in social spending reflected in public opinion? Do Democratic voters and the working poor favor public social programs over private? Are Republican voters more likely to support tax subsidies for private welfare over public spending? My analysis shows that while both public spending and tax breaks enjoy similar levels of support in the aggregate, there are partisan and class differences in support for direct social spending versus tax subsidies for social welfare.
All Liouville Numbers are Transcendental
Authors: Korniłowicz Artur , Naumowicz Adam , Grabowski Adam 
Published: May 2017

Summary
In this Mizar article, we complete the formalization of one of the items from Abad and Abad’s challenge list of “Top 100 Theorems” about Liouville numbers and the existence of transcendental numbers. It is item #18 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/. Liouville numbers were introduced by Joseph Liouville in 1844 [15] as an example of an object which can be approximated “quite closely” by a sequence of rational numbers. A real number x is a Liouville number iff for every positive integer n, there exist integers p and q such that q > 1 and

It is easy to show that all Liouville numbers are irrational. The definition and basic notions are contained in [10], [1], and [12]. Liouvile constant, which is defined formally in [12], is the first explicit transcendental (not algebraic) number, another notable examples are e and π [5], [11], and [4]. Algebraic numbers were formalized with the help of the Mizar system [13] very recently, by Yasushige Watase in [23] and now we expand these techniques into the area of not only pure algebraic domains (as fields, rings and formal polynomials), but also for more settheoretic fields. Finally we show that all Liouville numbers are transcendental, based on Liouville’s theorem on Diophantine approximation.
Group of Homography in Real Projective Plane
Authors: Coghetto Roland 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Using the Mizar system [2], we formalized that homographies of the projective real plane (as defined in [5]), form a group.
Then, we prove that, using the notations of Borsuk and Szmielew in [3]
“Consider in space ℝℙ2 points P1, P2, P3, P4 of which three points are not collinear and points Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 each three points of which are also not collinear. There exists one homography h of space ℝℙ2 such that h(Pi) = Qi for i = 1, 2, 3, 4.”
(Existence Statement 52 and Existence Statement 53) [3]. Or, using notations of Richter [11]
“Let [a], [b], [c], [d] in ℝℙ2 be four points of which no three are collinear and let [a′],[b′],[c′],[d′] in ℝℙ2 be another four points of which no three are collinear, then there exists a 3 × 3 matrix M such that [Ma] = [a′], [Mb] = [b′], [Mc] = [c′], and [Md] = [d′]”
Makarios has formalized the same results in Isabelle/Isar (the collineations form a group, lemma statement52-existence and lemma statement 53-existence) and published it in Archive of Formal Proofs [10], [9].
Climate sensitivity of radial growth in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) under different CO2concentrations
Authors: Badraghi Aysan , Pokorný Radek , Novosadová Kateřina , Pietras Justina , Marek Michal V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis investigation examined the effects of two different carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]): Ambient (A, 385 μmol (CO2) mol−1) and elevated (E, A+385 μmol (CO2) mol−1)) on the tree-ring width and early to latewood proportion in Norway spruce for seven years (2006-2012). Further, to improve our understanding of the influence of climatic variables, we assessed the effects of precipitation and temperature. Our observations showed that spruce trees growing under elevated CO2(EC) formed less early (p > 0.05) and latewood (p < 0.05) and hence smaller annual increments (p > 0.05) than trees in ambient CO2(AC). Early to latewood proportion was nearly 73% and 75% in AC and EC, respectively. In both CO2concentrations, the largest tree-rings and earlywood width was observed during 2009 and 2010, which is coincident with the highest precipitation in May (2010) and the highest air temperature in April (2009). Moreover, to determine the association between the latewood formation and air temperature during the second half of the growing season, and correlation between the earlywood formation and precipitation during the first half of the growing season we run Spearman’s correlation test, the determination coefficient values for latewood formation were r = 0.45 (AC) and r = 0.68 (EC), and for earlywood formation were r = 0.53 (AC) and r = 0.42 (EC), although coefficient values were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Also, our study indicated that temperature had stonger influence than precipitation in EC, but in AC precipitation had the strongest effect on radial growth.
Effects of using the liquid phase method on the physicochemical, mechanical, and bioactivity properties of hydroxyapatite/calcium aluminate bioceramic nanocomposites
Authors: Reyhaniyan Zavareh Batool , Salehirad Alireza , Mirdamadi Saeed 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this research, 80 wt.% hydroxyapatite (HA)/20 wt.% calcium aluminate (CA) bioceramic nanocomposites were synthesized by using three liquid phase green methods. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and field emission-scanning electron microscopy were conducted for the characterization of nanocomposites. To study the mechanical (compressive strength, flexural strength, and hardness) and physical (density, porosity, and water adsorption) properties of nanocomposites, these materials were sintered by spark plasma technique, after which the desired properties were measured. To study the bioactivity of samples, SBF vitro test was used. After reviewing the obtained data, results showed that the bioactivity and mechanical properties of the synthesized HA/NA nanocomposites were improved compared with those of the nano-components that form them and those of similar micro-scale composites. The measured maximum compressive strength, flexural strength, and hardness of the synthesized nanocomposites were 440 MPa, 137 MPa, and 202HV, respectively. The corresponding amounts for hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were 350 MPa, 115 MPa, and 124HV, respectively.
Oxidation Resistance of Austenitic Steels under Thermal Shock Conditions in an Environment Containing Water Vapor
Authors: Koscielniak Barbara , Smola Grzegorz , Grzesik Zbigniew , Hernas Adam 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe oxidation behavior of Super 304 H, Sanicro 25, HR3C and HR6W steels, which are recommended for use in ultra-supercritical power plants, as well as corrosion resistant X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel was studied in this work. Oxidation tests were carried out under thermal shock conditions in an oxygen-rich environment (containing 50 vol. % water vapor) at a temperature equal to 750 °C. The investigated steels (excluding X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel) are characterized by good oxidation resistance under thermal shock conditions. A highly protective Cr2O3 layer was formed in the internal part of scales growing on the surfaces of investigated steels. The X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel has worse oxidation resistant properties than the other grades of steels.
Comparison of different sprint training sessions with assisted and resisted running: effects on performance and kinematics in 20-m sprints
Authors: Tillaar Roland van den , Heimburg Erna von 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose was to examine whether there is a positive acute effect of resisted and assisted sprinting on the kinematics and performance of regular 20-m sprints.MethodsThe total of 15 female team handball players were involved in a counterbalanced crossover design three sprint sessions consisting of (1) seven normal 20-m sprints, (2) seven sprints alternating normal and resisted sprints, and (3) seven sprints alternating between normal and either resisted or assisted sprints in a single session.ResultsThe main finding was that only resisted sprints had an effect on the first normal 20-m sprint. However, this was only the case after one resisted run (from 3.59 to 3.54 s; 2% improvement). Using several resisted sprints did not have any positive effect upon the normal sprints, but probably caused fatigue, as shown in the increased contact times and decreased vertical stiffness, step length, and rate. Assisted running did not cause any changes to the normal sprints.ConclusionsResisted sprints can cause a positive effect in normal 20-m sprint performance (2%) after the use of one resisted effort in team handball players. However, the small positive effect is negated if several resisted efforts are performed, causing more fatigue than a positive response. Therefore, it is recommended that multiple resisted sprint efforts are not performed when seeking to enhance 20-m sprint performance in these athletes.