bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Kingella kingae Invasive Infection Outbreaks in Day Care Facilities: Assessment of a Rapid Genotyping Tool Targeting the DNA Uptake Sequence
Authors: Bidet Philippe , Tran Quang Violaine , Yagusky Pablo , Birgy André , Bonacorsi Stéphane , Basmaci Romain 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Outbreaks of
Kingella kingae
invasive infections have recently been reported in day care centers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that although the invasive strains had widespread dissemination in the day care population, less virulent strains were also circulating in the facilities. However, these typing tools are costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive and provide delayed results. A study was conducted to assess the performance of a rapid and cost-effective genotyping tool targeting the DNA uptake sequence (DUS) in the investigation of outbreaks of
K. kingae
disease. DUS typing (DUST) patterns of each strain from 7 different clusters were compared to distinguish genotypically linked strains from others. PFGE and, when available, MLST results were used as gold standards. DUST was assessed on 80
K. kingae
isolates from Nir-Itzhak (
n
= 14), Tel-Nof (
n
= 14), Palmahim (
n
= 5), Umm-al-Fahm (
n
= 7), Eilat (
n
= 8), Nevatim (
n
= 15) in Israel and Paris, France (
n
= 17). A unique DUST pattern was involved in the Nir-Itzhak, Palmahim, Umm-al-Fahm, and Paris episodes. Two DUST patterns were found in Eilat, whereas at least 3 were identified in the Tel-Nof and Nevatim episodes. In total, 11 (13.8%) children carried a
K. kingae
isolate that differed from the outbreak strain. These results were concordant with those obtained with the traditional PFGE and MLST methods. DUST appears to be sensitive and specific in distinguishing the invasive outbreak strain from others in asymptomatic carriers and could be useful to limit unnecessary exposure of the entire day care population to selective antibiotic pressure.
Advances Afoot in Microbiology
Authors: Patel Robin , Karon Brad S. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

In 2016, the American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium to examine point-of-care (POC) microbiology testing and to evaluate its effects on clinical microbiology. Colloquium participants included representatives from clinical microbiology laboratories, industry, and the government, who together made recommendations regarding the implementation, oversight, and evaluation of POC microbiology testing. The colloquium report is timely and well written (V. Dolen et al.,
Changing Diagnostic Paradigms for Microbiology
, 2017,
https://www.asm.org/index.php/colloquium-reports/item/6421-changing-diagnostic-paradigms-for-microbiology?utm_source=Commentary&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=diagnostics
). Emerging POC microbiology tests, especially nucleic acid amplification tests, have the potential to advance medical care.
Discovery of a Prefusion Respiratory Syncytial Virus F-Specific Monoclonal Antibody That Provides Greater
In Vivo
Protection than the Murine Precursor of Palivizumab
Authors: Zhao Min , Zheng Zi-Zheng , Chen Man , Modjarrad Kayvon , Zhang Wei , Zhan Lu-Ting , Cao Jian-Li , Sun Yong-Peng , McLellan Jason S. , Graham Barney S. , Xia Ning-Shao 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Palivizumab, a humanized murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes antigenic site II on both the prefusion (pre-F) and postfusion (post-F) conformations of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F glycoprotein, is the only prophylactic agent approved for use for the treatment of RSV infection. However, its relatively low neutralizing potency and high cost have limited its use to a restricted population of infants at high risk of severe disease. Previously, we isolated a high-potency neutralizing antibody, 5C4, that specifically recognizes antigenic site Ø at the apex of the pre-F protein trimer. We compared
in vitro
and
in vivo
the potency and protective efficacy of 5C4 and the murine precursor of palivizumab, antibody 1129. Both antibodies were synthesized on identical murine backbones as either an IgG1 or IgG2a subclass and evaluated for binding to multiple F protein conformations,
in vitro
inhibition of RSV infection and propagation, and protective efficacy in mice. Although 1129 and 5C4 had similar pre-F protein binding affinities, the 5C4 neutralizing activity was nearly 50-fold greater than that of 1129
in vitro
. In BALB/c mice, 5C4 reduced the peak titers of RSV 1,000-fold more than 1129 did in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. These data indicate that antibodies specific for antigenic site Ø are more efficacious at preventing RSV infection than antibodies specific for antigenic site II. Our data also suggest that site Ø-specific antibodies may be useful for the prevention or treatment of RSV infection and support the use of the pre-F protein as a vaccine antigen.

IMPORTANCE
There is no vaccine yet available to prevent RSV infection. The use of the licensed antibody palivizumab, which recognizes site II on both the pre-F and post-F proteins, is restricted to prophylaxis in neonates at high risk of severe RSV disease. Recommendations for using passive immunization in the general population or for therapy in immunocompromised persons with persistent infection is limited because of cost, determined from the high doses needed to compensate for its relatively low neutralizing potency. Prior efforts to improve the
in vitro
potency of site II-specific antibodies did not translate to significant
in vivo
dose sparing. We isolated a pre-F protein-specific, high-potency neutralizing antibody (5C4) that recognizes antigenic site Ø and compared its efficacy to that of the murine precursor of palivizumab (antibody 1129) matched for isotype and pre-F protein binding affinities. Our findings demonstrate that epitope specificity is an important determinant of antibody neutralizing potency, and defining the mechanisms of neutralization has the potential to identify improved products for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection.
Infectious Prions in the Pregnancy Microenvironment of Chronic Wasting Disease-Infected Reeves' Muntjac Deer
Authors: Nalls Amy V. , McNulty Erin , Hoover Clare E. , Pulscher Laura A. , Hoover Edward A. , Mathiason Candace K. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Ample evidence exists for the presence of infectious agents at the maternal-fetal interface, often with grave outcomes to the developing fetus (i.e., Zika virus, brucella, cytomegalovirus, and toxoplasma). While less studied, pregnancy-related transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) have been implicated in several species, including humans. Our previous work has shown that prions can be transferred from mother to offspring, resulting in the development of clinical TSE disease in offspring born to muntjac dams infected with chronic wasting disease (CWD) (1). We further demonstrated protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA)-competent prions within the female reproductive tract and in fetal tissues harvested from CWD experimentally and naturally exposed cervids (1, 2). To assess whether the PMCA-competent prions residing at the maternal-fetal interface were infectious and to determine if the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) methodology may enhance our ability to detect amyloid fibrils within the pregnancy microenvironment, we employed a mouse bioassay and RT-QuIC. In this study, we have demonstrated RT-QuIC seeding activity in uterus, placentome, ovary, and amniotic fluid but not in allantoic fluids harvested from CWD-infected Reeves' muntjac dams showing clinical signs of infection (clinically CWD-infected) and in some placentomes from pre-clinically CWD-infected dams. Prion infectivity was confirmed within the uterus, amniotic fluid, and the placentome, the semipermeable interface that sustains the developing fetus, of CWD-infected dams. This is the first report of prion infectivity within the cervid pregnancy microenvironment, revealing a source of fetal CWD exposure prior to the birthing process, maternal grooming, or encounters with contaminated environments.

IMPORTANCE
The facile dissemination of chronic wasting disease within captive and free-range cervid populations has led to questions regarding the transmission dynamics of this disease. Direct contact with infected animals and indirect contact with infectious prions in bodily fluids and contaminated environments are suspected to explain the majority of this transmission. A third mode of transmission, from mother to offspring, may be underappreciated. The presence of pregnancy-related prion infectivity within the uterus, amniotic fluid, and the placental structure reveals that the developing fetus is exposed to a source of prions long before exposure to the infectious agent during and after the birthing process or via contact with contaminated environments. These findings have impact on our current concept of CWD disease transmission.
Opening-mode fracture systems: insights from recent fluid inclusion microthermometry studies of crack-seal fracture cements
Authors: English Joseph M. , Laubach Stephen E. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Overpressuring, tectonic stretching and thermoelastic contraction are all processes that can drive the formation of opening-mode fractures in the subsurface. Recent studies on crack-seal quartz deposits in opening-mode fractures have yielded fluid inclusion microthermometric data, which for the first time allow us to constrain the pressure–temperature conditions under which these fractures formed. Here, we utilize the results from studies in the Lower Cretaceous Travis Peak Formation in the East Texas Basin and the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group in the Piceance Basin to construct stress history models based on mechanical properties, burial history and tectonic setting to evaluate the various driving mechanisms for opening-mode fracture formation. Our results show progress towards separating and independently evaluating these mechanisms. Although high fluid pressure and tectonic stretching can play a major part in the formation of opening-mode fractures, our results suggest that the persistence of fracture growth during uplift could have been strongly influenced by thermoelastic contraction associated with exhumation and cooling. For sandstone reservoirs, thermoelastic contraction will be more pronounced for stiffer, high Young's modulus rocks with higher quartz contents. These models can therefore be used to provide additional insights into the distribution of opening-mode fractures in exhumed basins.
B7-H3 Expression in NSCLC and Its Association with B7-H4, PD-L1 and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
Authors: Altan Mehmet , Pelekanou Vasiliki , Schalper Kurt A. , Toki Maria , Gaule Patricia , Syrigos Konstantinos , Herbst Roy S. , Rimm David L. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Purpose: The immune checkpoint PD-1 and its receptor B7-H1 (PD-L1) are successful therapeutic targets in cancer but less is known about other B7 family members. Here, we determined the expression level of B7-H3 protein in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and evaluated its association with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), PD-L1, B7-H4, and major clinicopathologic characteristics is in 3 NSCLC cohorts.
Experimental design: We used multiplexed automated quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) to assess the levels of B7-H3, PD-L1, B7-H4, and TILs in 634 NSCLC cases with validated antibodies. Associations between the marker levels, major clinicopathologic variables and survival were analyzed.
Results: Expression of B7-H3 protein was found in 80.4% (510/634) of the cases. High B7-H3 protein level (top 10 percentile) was associated with poor overall survival (P &lt; 0.05). Elevated B7-H3 was consistently associated with smoking history across the 3 cohorts, but not with sex, age, clinical stage, and histology. Coexpression of B7-H3 and PD-L1 was found in 17.6% of the cases (112/634) and with B7-H4 in 10% (63/634). B7-H4 and PD-L1 were simultaneously detected only in 1.8% of NSCLCs (12/634). The expression of B7-H3 was not associated with the levels of CD3-, CD8-, and CD20-positive TILs.
Conclusions: B7-H3 protein is expressed in the majority of NSCLCs and is associated with smoking history. High levels of B7-H3 protein have a negative prognostic impact in lung carcinomas. Coexpression of B7-H3 with PD-L1 and B7-H4 is relatively low, suggesting a nonredundant biological role of these targets. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5202–9. ©2017 AACR.
Deconstructing Bias and Reconstructing Solutions: Theologizing the Notion of Justice as a Response to Gender Oppression
Authors: Gray Susan 
Published: May 2017

The conclusion of Marcella Althaus-Reid and Lisa Isherwood’s 2007 book, Controversies in Feminist Theology, noted that ‘The future of feminist theologies are assured while gender and sexual oppression exist’.1 Yet, they also spoke of a number of challenges to the field, specifically difference in methodologies, varied nomenclature and terminologies, and stereotyping among its practitioners. I would add another: that the nature of bias itself is not uniform nor homogeneous but is largely treated as such by contextual theologians. In this article the challenge presented by the presupposition that ‘a bias-is-a-bias’ is addressed from an epistemological one that attempts to delve into the nature(s) of bias, beginning with the question: if the root nature of the problem, that is bias, is not homogeneous but rather reflects the interplay of different types of biases, does not gender oppression call for more comprehensive solutions beyond solidarity or justice? While justice-based solutions (e.g. the dismantling of oppressive power structures) called for by feminist theologies are certainly valid and necessary, perhaps they function more as short-term solutions to a much larger dialectic, one that requires a more comprehensive grace-based approach. This article explores this idea and humbly offers a few methodological reflections.
Long-Lasting Increased Risk of Human Papillomavirus–Related Carcinomas and Premalignancies After Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ebisch Renée M.F. , Rutten Dominiek W.E. , IntHout Joanna , Melchers Willem J.G. , Massuger Leon F.A.G. , Bulten Johan , Bekkers Ruud L.M. , Siebers Albert G. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)–related carcinomas and premalignancies in women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3). Knowledge of this risk is important to preventing the development and progression of other HPV-related premalignancies and carcinomas, by considering prophylactic HPV vaccination and/or by paying increased attention to other HPV-related carcinomas and premalignancies when CIN3 is identified. Methods Women diagnosed with a CIN3 between 1990 and 2010 were identified from the Dutch nationwide registry of histopathology and cytopathology (PALGA) and matched with a control group of women without CIN3. Subsequently, all cases of high-risk (hr) HPV–associated high-grade lesions and carcinomas in the anogenital region and oropharynx between 1990 and 2015 were extracted. Incidence rate ratios were estimated for carcinomas and premalignancies of the vulva, vagina, anus, and oropharynx. Results A total of 178,036 women were identified: 89,018 with a previous diagnosis of CIN3 and 89,018 matched control subjects without a history of CIN3. Women with a history of CIN3 showed increased risk of HPV-related carcinomas and premalignancies, with incidence rate ratios of 3.85 (95% CI, 2.32 to 6.37) for anal cancer, 6.68 (95% CI, 3.64 to 12.25) for anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, 4.97 (95% CI, 3.26 to 7.57) for vulvar cancer, 13.66 (93% CI, 9.69 to 19.25) for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, 86.08 (95% CI, 11.98 to 618.08) for vaginal cancer, 25.65 (95% CI, 10.50 to 62.69) for vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, and 5.51 (95% CI, 1.22 to 24.84) for oropharyngeal cancer. This risk remained significantly increased, even after long-term follow-up of up to 20 years. Conclusion This population-based study shows a long-lasting increased risk for HPV-related carcinomas and premalignancies of the anogenital and oropharyngeal region after a CIN3 diagnosis. Studies that investigate methods to prevent this increased risk in this group of patients, such as intensified screening or vaccination, are warranted.
Exposure to Acute Psychosocial Stress Disrupts the Luteinizing Hormone Surge Independent of Estrous Cycle Alterations in Female Mice
Authors: Wagenmaker Elizabeth R , Moenter Suzanne M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The disruptive effects of severe stress on reproductive function are well documented, but surprisingly few studies exist that demonstrate milder psychosocial stressors interfere with the ovarian cycle in females. We hypothesized repeated application of psychosocial stress would disrupt estrous cycles in mice. Mice were transferred to a new cage, transported to a new room, and restrained (2 hours) for 21 consecutive days. Contrary to our hypothesis, this paradigm did not affect estrous cycles. We next tested the hypothesis that a single exposure to mild stress disrupts a specific aspect of the cycle: the proestrous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. We developed a model of acute, layered psychosocial stress (sequential application of new cage, transport to new room, restraint and predator cues lasting 5 hours total) that consistently increased circulating corticosterone. Application of this stress paradigm on midmorning of proestrus disrupted the LH surge measured near lights out in 14 of 24 mice; there was no evidence for a 24-hour delay of the surge. Following stress, mice continued to have normal estrous cycles, even when the LH surge was disrupted. Stressed mice failing to exhibit an LH surge had uterine masses suggesting the proestrous estradiol rise occurred. To test specifically whether the layered stress paradigm blocks estradiol-dependent positive feedback mechanisms, we examined the estradiol-induced LH surge. Stress blocked the estradiol-induced LH surge in all mice. These results suggest exposure to mild, acute psychosocial stress on proestrus can severely disrupt the generation of the LH surge in mice without affecting the overall estrous cycle.
Relative Strangers: Contracting Kinship in the Queer Ecology Classroom
Authors: Ensor Sarah 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article argues that pedagogy may help us respond to the precarity of higher education by reclaiming the forms of provisionality, accident, and exposure endemic to collaborative learning. Putting kinship theory into contact with studies of contagion, I suggest that the classroom’s contingency, temporariness, and interpersonal exposure yield a form of queer kinship that is contracted rather than intentionally developed. This kinship, a social iteration of the unintentional, symbiotic collaborations that anthropologists have described as “emergent ecologies,” burgeons in the wake of harm and helps us respond collectively to the precarity that constitutes our (experience of the) world. Ultimately, I argue that in a moment when the changing climate of higher education inspires (and perhaps even requires) paranoia, such a pedagogical practice constitutes a significant reparative gesture, enabling us to reckon with the ways in which higher education has abandoned us without requiring us, in turn, to abandon it.
Pricing When Customers Have Limited Attention
Authors: Boyacı Tamer , Akçay Yalçın 
Published: May 2017

We study the optimal pricing problem of a monopolistic firm facing customers with limited attention and capability to process information about the value (quality) of a single offered product. We model customer choice based on the theory of rational inattention in the economics literature, which enables us to capture not only the impact of true quality and price, but also the intricate effects of customer’s prior beliefs and cost of information acquisition and processing. We formulate the firm’s price optimization problem assuming that the firm can also use the price to signal the quality of the product to customers. To delineate the economic incentives of the firm, we first characterize the pricing and revenue implications of customer’s limited attention without signaling, and then use these results to explore perfect Bayesian equilibria of the strategic pricing signaling game. As an extension, we consider heterogeneous customers with different information costs as well as prior beliefs. We discuss the managerial implications of our key findings and prescribe insights regarding information provision and product positioning. This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Pengaruh Pelebaran Jalan terhadap Pemanfaatan Ruang Koridor Jalan Mertoyudan Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Mustanir Muhamad 
Published: May 2017

Kawasan perkotaan Mertoyudan merupakan kawasan yang berfungsi sebagai kawasan strategis pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten Magelang. Berbatasan langsung dengan Kota Magelang serta didukung aksesibilitas yang tinggi menyebabkan kawasan ini tumbuh cukup pesat. Tahun 2010 dilakukan kegiatan pelebaran jalan koridor jalan Mertoyudan untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas wilayah yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan kawasan perkotaan Mertoyudan. Permasalahan muncul ketika pertumbuhan sepanjang koridor tidak memperhatikan kebijakan dan peraturan yang berlaku sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan guna lahan serta intensitas pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pelebaran jalan terhadap pemanfaatan ruang dilihat dari perubahan guna lahan sebelum dan setelah kegiatan pelebaran jalan sedangkan intensitas pemanfaatan dilihat dari Koefisien Dasar Bangunan ( KDB ) , Koefisien Lantai Bangunan ( KLB ) dan Garis Sempadan Bangunan ( GSB ) . Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif . Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pelebaran jalan berpengaruh terhadap perubahan pemanfaatan ruang, dibuktikan dengan perubahan luasan penggunaan lahan dan pertambahan bangunan di sepanjang koridor jalan tahun 2009 dan 2014. Hal tersebut dikuatkan oleh hubungan antara lebar jalan dengan KDB, KLB dan GSB bangunan di sepanjang koridor j alan yang menunjukkan korelasi cukup kuat.Kata kunci: pelebaran jalan, perubahan guna lahan, intensitas pemanfaatan bangunan
A novel epigenetic AML1‐ETO/THAP10/miR‐383 mini‐circuitry contributes to t(8;21) leukaemogenesis
Authors: Li Yonghui , Ning Qiaoyang , Shi Jinlong , Chen Yang , Jiang Mengmeng , Gao Li , Huang Wenrong , Jing Yu , Huang Sai , Liu Anqi , Hu Zhirui , Liu Daihong , Wang Lili , Nervi Clara , Dai Yun , Zhang Michael Q , Yu Li 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDNA methylation patterns are frequently deregulated in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but little is known of the mechanisms by which specific gene sets become aberrantly methylated. Here, we found that the promoter DNA methylation signature of t(8;21)+ AML blasts differs from that of t(8;21)− AMLs. This study demonstrated that a novel hypermethylated zinc finger‐containing protein, THAP10, is a target gene and can be epigenetically suppressed by AML1‐ETO at the transcriptional level in t(8;21) AML. Our findings also show that THAP10 is a bona fide target of miR‐383 that can be epigenetically activated by the AML1‐ETO recruiting co‐activator p300. In this study, we demonstrated that epigenetic suppression of THAP10 is the mechanistic link between AML1‐ETO fusion proteins and tyrosine kinase cascades. In addition, we showed that THAP10 is a nuclear protein that inhibits myeloid proliferation and promotes differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our results revealed an unexpected and important epigenetic mini‐circuit of AML1‐ETO/THAP10/miR‐383 in t(8;21) AML, in which epigenetic suppression of THAP10 predicts a poor clinical outcome and represents a novel therapeutic target.