bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) and behavioural measures of auditory function in an adult with a single sided deafness
Authors: Cañete Oscar M. , Purdy Suzanne C. , Neeff Michel , Brown Colin R. S. , Thorne Peter R. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To examine cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and behavioural measures of spatial speech in noise recognition, sound localization and self-reported perception of hearing performance before and after surgical removal of an acoustic neuroma, and to monitor changes over time after surgery.

Methods:
CAEPs in noise were recorded and auditory skills were assessed using tests of sound localization, spatial speech perception in noise and self-ratings of auditory abilities (Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire, SSQ) in a male adult with single-sided deafness due to acoustic neuroma removal. Measurements took place at 2, 6 and 12 months after surgery.

Results:
The pattern of CAEP responses, behavioural measurements and self-reported perception after surgery differed from the pre-surgery baseline and changed over time after surgery.

Conclusions:
The participant experienced considerable listening fatigue and deficits in auditory skills after losing hearing in one ear. Different patterns of change in CAEPs and other measures over time suggest multiple physiological mechanisms for auditory plasticity after acute onset of single sided deafness.
Orthostatic Hypotension and Symptoms in the AASK Trial
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P , Miller Edgar R , Appel Lawrence J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Multiple definitions are used to characterize orthostatic hypotension (OH), but the degree to which these definitions correspond with orthostatic symptoms is unknown.

METHODS
We analyzed data from African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK), a randomized trial of African Americans with hypertension and kidney disease, to characterize the relationship between OH definitions and self-reported syncope, dizziness, or light-headedness. Orthostatic changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), or heart rate (HR) were determined each visit after standing 2:45 minutes. OH was defined using the consensus definition (a drop in SBP ≥20 mm Hg or DBP ≥10 mm Hg) or an often used clinical substitute based on HR (an increase ≥20 bpm).

RESULTS
Among 1,094 participants (mean age 54.5 ± 10.7 years, 38.9% female), there were 52,636 visits (mean 48/person). Mean resting SBP, DBP, and HR at baseline were 147.7 ± 22.3 mm Hg, 92.2 ± 13.4 mm Hg, and 71.1 ± 11.7 bpm, respectively. While the OH consensus definition was associated with syncope (odds ratio 2.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.13, 5.51), dizziness (1.89; 1.53, 2.33), and light-headedness (1.84; 1.52, 2.23), the clinical HR definition was only associated with dizziness (1.28; 1.07, 1.52). None of the OH components (SBP, DBP, or HR) reflected a natural threshold in the prevalence of symptoms; definitions using each of the 3 components were highly specific (≥96%) with low sensitivity (1–5%).

CONCLUSIONS
While the consensus definition was more strongly associated with symptoms, OH definitions did not reflect natural thresholds in symptoms and were insensitive. This implies that the absence of OH using either consensus or clinical definitions does not exclude orthostatic symptoms, which has implications for evaluating clinical events like falls.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
Trial Number: NCT01206062 (clinicaltrials.gov).
ST Spot Detector: a web-based application for automatic spot and tissue detection for spatial Transcriptomics image datasets
Authors: Wong Kim , Navarro José Fernández , Bergenstråhle Ludvig , Ståhl Patrik L , Lundeberg Joakim 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Motiviation
Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) is a method which combines high resolution tissue imaging with high troughput transcriptome sequencing data. This data must be aligned with the images for correct visualization, a process that involves several manual steps.

Results
Here we present ST Spot Detector, a web tool that automates and facilitates this alignment through a user friendly interface.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effect of supplementation with methyl-donor nutrients on neurodevelopment and cognition: considerations for future research
Authors: McKee Sarah E , Reyes Teresa M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Pregnancy represents a critical period in fetal development, such that the prenatal environment can, in part, establish a lifelong trajectory of health or disease for the offspring. Poor nutrition (macro- or micronutrient deficiencies) can adversely affect brain development and significantly increase offspring risk for metabolic and neurological disease development. The concentration of dietary methyl-donor nutrients is known to alter DNA methylation in the brain, and alterations in DNA methylation can have long-lasting effects on gene expression and neuronal function. The decreased availability of methyl-donor nutrients to the developing fetus in models of poor maternal nutrition is one mechanism hypothesized to link maternal malnutrition and disease risk in offspring. Animal studies indicate that supplementation of both maternal and postnatal (early- and later-life) diets with methyl-donor nutrients can attenuate disease risk in offspring; however, clinical research is more equivocal. The objective of this review is to summarize how specific methyl-donor nutrient deficiencies and excesses during pre- and postnatal life alter neurodevelopment and cognition. Emphasis is placed on reviewing the current literature, highlighting challenges within nutrient supplementation research, and considering potential strategies to ensure robust findings in future studies.
Introduction
Authors: McRae Elizabeth Gillespie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Massive resistance to the civil rights movement has often been presented as sequestered in the South, limited to the decade between the Brown Decision and the Civil Rights Act, and attributed to the most vehement elected officials and the Citizens’ Councils. But that version ignores the long-standing work of white women who sustained racial segregation and nurtured both massive support for the Jim Crow order in the interwar period and who transformed support into massive resistance after World War II. Support for the segregated state existed among everyday people. Maintaining racial segregation was not solely or even primarily the work of elected officials. Its adherents sustained the system with quotidian work, and on the ground, it was often white women who shaped and sustained white supremacist politics.
Partisan Betrayals
Authors: McRae Elizabeth Gillespie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
During World War II, segregationist women focused their political efforts on the federal betrayal of white supremacist politics rather than black organizing. They began a long campaign against the executive branch and the Democratic Party, initially by attacking Eleanor Roosevelt for her advocacy of African Americans. Segregationist women cataloged the sins of Democrats in the South and nation which includedsupport for federal aid to education, abolishment of the all-white primary, calls for the Soldier Voting Act, campaigns against the poll tax, and establishing the Fair Employment Practices Committee. Segregationist women cultivated support for Jim Crow by building distrust in the Democratic Party. Calling themselves States’ Rights Democrats, some encouraged the elections of hardline segregationists and contributed to the rise of the Dixiecrats, the demonization of Henry Wallace, and the defeat of moderate Senators in 1950 and 1952. They waged an early campaign to move the South away from the Democratic Party.
The New National Face of Segregation
Authors: McRae Elizabeth Gillespie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The conclusion addresses the urban North, exposing the political similarities between the most committed segregationists and those white women who protested busing in the 1970s. It argues that anti-busing activists should be considered segregationists and that massive resistance should be extended into anti-busing protests. Most Americans, including supporters of Brown, resisted this government intrusion into parental authority, property values, and school choice. As southern segregationists had predicted, when racial integration threatened to reorder the daily lives of northern white communities, they would react much like the South’s segregationists. Women’s organizations in Boston looked south for models of resistance and worked for various iterations of racially separated schools. Boston’s Louise Day Hicks and ROAR reacted much like white mothers in the South. Across the nation, law made busing a reality, while white women’s opposition on the ground eroded the power of its implementation and solidified the rise of the New Right.
Pressure variation in a fluid at rest (hydrostatics)
Authors: Escudier Marcel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The three fundamental principles for the variation of static pressure p throughout a body of fluid at rest are (a) the pressure at a point is the same in all directions (Pascal’s law), (b) the pressure is the same at all points on the same horizontal level, and (c) the pressure increases with depth z according to the hydrostatic equation. dp/dz= ρg For a fluid with constant density ρ, the increase in pressure over a depth increase h is ρgh, a result which can be used to analyse the response of simple barometers and manometers to applied pressure changes and differences. In situations where very large changes in pressure occur an equation of state may be required to relate pressure and density together with an assumption about the fluid temperature. The hydrostatic equation is still valid but more difficult to integrate, as illustrated by consideration of the earth’s atmosphere.
Courtesy food sharing characterized by begging for social bonds in wild bonobos
Authors: Yamamoto Shinya , Furuichi Takeshi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFood sharing has played an important role in the evolution of cooperation, especially in hominization. Evolutionary theories regarding food sharing have been based mainly on chimpanzee meat sharing. However, in bonobos, our other closest evolutionary relatives, food sharing occurs in considerably different ways than it does in chimpanzees. Bonobos often share plant food, which can often be obtained without any cooperation or specialized skills, sometimes even when the same food items are abundant and easily available at the sites. The characteristics of bonobo food sharing appear to be at odds with previous hypotheses, such as reciprocity and sharing under pressure, and urge us to shift our viewpoint from the food owner to the recipient. This chapter proposes that recipients beg to strengthen social bonding as well as to gain access to the food itself. Frequent fruit sharing among bonobos may shed light on the evolution of courtesy food sharing to enhance social bonds in a resource-rich environment. Le partage de la nourriture a joué un rôle très important dans l’évolution de coopération, spécialement dans la hominisation. Les théories évolutionnaires sur le partage de la nourriture sont basées, pour la plupart, sur le partage de la viande par les chimpanzés. Cependant, chez les bonobos, nos autres parents évolutionnaires, le partage de la nourriture est fait d’une manière très différente que chez les chimpanzés. Les bonobos partagent fréquemment les aliments végétaux, qui sont obtenus sans coopération et sans compétences spécialisées, et parfois le font même quand cette même nourriture est facilement accessible aux sites. Les caractéristiques du partage de nourriture chez les bonobos contredisent des hypothèses précédentes, comme celle de la réciprocité et du partage-sous-pression, et nous poussent à changer la perspective du propriétaire de la nourriture à celle du bénéficiaire. Nous proposons que les bénéficiaires supplient pour commencer à se lier socialement, et pour accéder à la nourriture. Le partage fréquent des fruits chez les bonobos peut nous informer sur l’évolution du partage de nourriture par politesse pour augmenter les liens sociaux dans un environnement plein de ressources.
Cognitive comparisons of genusPansupport bonobo self-domestication
Authors: Hare Brian , Woods Vanessa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe self-domestication hypothesis (SDH) suggests bonobo psychology evolved due to selection against aggression and in favour of prosociality. This hypothesis was formulated based on similarities between bonobos and domesticated animals. This chapter reviews the first generation of quantitative research that supports the predictions of the SDH. Similar to domestic animals, bonobos are prosocial towards strangers, more flexible with cooperative problems, more responsive to social cues and show expanded windows of development relative to their closest relatives, chimpanzees. A preliminary comparison of bonobo and chimpanzee infants is presented that suggests that when hearing a stranger, bonobos have a xenophilic response while chimpanzees have a xenophobic response. The chapter explores why the work with bonobos has implications for theories of both human and animal cognitive evolution, and why bonobos will be central in studying evolutionary processes leading to cognitive change. L’hypothèse d’auto-domestication (SDH) suggère que la psychologie bonobo a évolué grâce à la sélection contre l’agression et en faveur de la prosocialité. Cette hypothèse fut formulée à partir de similarités entres les bonobos et les animaux domestiqués. Nous révisons la première génération de recherche quantitative qui soutient les prédictions du SDH. Comme les animaux domestiques, les bonobos sont prosociaux envers les étrangers, plus flexibles avec les problèmes de coopération, plus sensibles aux signaux sociaux, et montrent des fenêtres étendues de développement relativement à leur plus proche parent, le chimpanzé. Nous présentons une comparaison préliminaire des bébés bonobos et chimpanzés. Quand ils entendent un étranger, les bonobos ont une réaction xénophilique alors que les chimpanzés ont une réaction xénophobique. Nous expliquons pourquoi le travail des bonobos est impliqué dans les théories d’évolution cognitive humaine et animale, et pourquoi les bonobos seront au centre des études évolutionnaires des procès menants aux changements cognitives.
Developing Social Functions of Autobiographical Memory within Family Storytelling
Authors: Fivush Robyn , Zaman Widaad , Merrill Natalie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We examine the developing social functions of autobiographical memory across childhood from a sociocultural perspective. We focus on family storytelling, and argue that reminiscing facilitates social and emotional bonds among family members. We delineate both the process of reminiscing, sharing our past with others in conversation, and the content of reminiscing, reminiscing about people, and reflecting on the value of those relationships. Elaborated family reminiscing, both about shared experiences and intergenerational narratives told by the older generation to the younger generation, emerges from more secure early parent–child attachment relationships, and facilitates the maintenance of family bonds through adolescence. Intriguingly, females may use autobiographical narratives to create and maintain socioemotional bonds with others to a greater extent than do males.
Collaborative Inhibition in Group Recall: Cognitive Principles and Implications
Authors: Rajaram Suparna 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Collaborative inhibition in recall is a counterintuitive yet widely replicated phenomenon observed in experimental research on memory. Collaborative inhibition refers to the finding where the joint recall of an interacting group is significantly lower than the sum of the nonredundant items that a “nominal group,” or an equal number of individuals working alone, recall. This chapter provides a selective review of the published findings on this phenomenon from laboratory research. The goal is to familiarize the reader with evidence from our work and those of other groups to characterize the nature of the collaborative inhibition effect, to identify the conditions where this effect reduces, disappears, or even reverses, to explore its occurrence across different group structures, and to describe its post-collaborative consequences on memory.
Group-level Cognizing, Collaborative Remembering, and Individuals
Authors: Wilson Robert A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This chapter steps back from the important psychological work on collaborative remembering at the heart of the present volume to take up some broader questions about the place of memory in Western cultural thought, both historically and in contemporary society, offering the kind of integrative and reflective perspective for which philosophy is often known. In particular, the text aims to shed some light on the relationship between collaborative memory and the other two topics in this title—group-level cognizing and individuals—beginning with the relationship between collective intentionality and collaborative remembering, and concluding with some brief comments on the politics of collaborative remembering by drawing on recent work that has been undertaken with eugenics survivors in Canada.
Parent–Child Construction of Personal Memories in Reminiscing Conversations: Implications for the Development and Treatment of Childhood Psychopathology
Authors: Salmon Karen 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Strong theory and research implicates parent–child conversations about the past in the child’s development of critical skills, including autobiographical memory and understanding of emotion and minds. Yet very little research has focused on associations between reminiscing and the development of childhood psychopathology. This chapter considers what is known about reminiscing between parents and children where there is anxiety or conduct problems. These findings provide clues as to how children come to manifest difficulties in autobiographical memory and emotion competence. Thereafter, the text reviews studies that have attempted to alter the style and content of parent–child reminiscing in clinical populations. The full implications of parent–child reminiscing, as a rich context for children’s development, have yet to be realized in clinically relevant research.
Microbial, microalgal and planktonic reef life
Authors: Sheppard Charles R. C. , Davy Simon K. , Pilling Graham M. , Graham Nicholas A. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMicrobes, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, protozoans and microalgae, are the most abundant and arguably the most important members of coral reef communities. They occur in the water column and sediment, and in association with other reef organisms. This chapter describes the abundance, diversity, function and productivity of microbes, with an emphasis on free-living types. They are key to recycling and retention of organic matter via the ‘microbial loop’, and are an important food source for larger reef organisms. The metazoan zooplankton are also described, including larvae of most reef invertebrates and fish. They are described in terms of their duration in the plankton, their settlement behaviour (e.g. that of coral larvae), their daily migration patterns and their role as a food source for larger organisms. Their importance for inter-reef connectivity is discussed.
Reef fish
Authors: Sheppard Charles R. C. , Davy Simon K. , Pilling Graham M. , Graham Nicholas A. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis chapter discusses factors that have led to reef fish diversity. Geographic drivers for fish diversity, ranging from global historical events to local-scale drivers, are examined. Age and growth in reef fish are explored, followed by larval fish ecology. Colour diversity in modern reef fish is examined, along with mechanisms that have developed to enhance feeding success or predation avoidance. Different ecological feeding niches of coral reef fish are described and examples are given to illustrate the wide range of feeding mechanisms. The science around the abundance, biomass and trophic interactions of reef fish assemblages is examined. The range of fish feeding habits is detailed and functional roles of fish explored. Finally, the implications of changes in the reef fish community through fishing and habitat degradation are examined, highlighting the cascade effect of impacts on reefs, and how the influences of different disturbances interact to influence coral reef fish.
Coral reefs in the modern world
Authors: Sheppard Charles R. C. , Davy Simon K. , Pilling Graham M. , Graham Nicholas A. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractToday coral reefs, perhaps more than other marine systems, are suffering from numerous pressures. As a result, many have collapsed as functioning ecosystems. Nutrient pollution, sewage pollution, industrial pollution, landfill, coral diseases and diseases of other important groups of organisms, as well as over-extraction of fish, invertebrates and even the limestone rock itself, have all contributed to the demise of over one-third of the world’s reefs. More recently, climate change, notably causing a sea temperature rise, which in turn has led to coral bleaching and the death of component corals, has added to the stress imposed on this ecosystem. In the future, ocean acidification, sea level rise and an increase in the frequency and severity of storms will add further stress. Many of these factors interact, making the precise responses of reefs to these changes very complex.