bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different paths to protest: predictors of collective action in the Occupy Movement
Authors: Morgan G. Scott , Chan Wing Yi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the variables that shaped people's willingness to engage in collective action in the context of the Occupy Movement. Data were collected in 2011 from nonprotesting supporters at the New York City Occupy encampment and active occupiers at the New York and Atlanta encampments. Participants distinguished between different kinds of collective action based on cost. Furthermore, different predictors motivated distinct kinds of collective action. Identity and anger predicted low‐cost collective action. Efficacy predicted relatively costly collective action and mediated the link between identity and costly collective action. This study provides evidence that people draw distinctions between different actions based on cost and that, when it comes to predicting collective action, these distinctions matter.
Self‐Reported Hearing in the Last 2 Years of Life in Older Adults
Authors: Smith Alexander K. , Ritchie Christine S. , Miao Yinghui , Boscardin W. John , Wallhagen Margaret L. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and correlates of self‐reported hearing loss during the last 2 years of life.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingThe Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a longitudinal nationally representative cohort of adults aged 50 and older (2000–13).ParticipantsOlder adults (N = 5,895, mean age at death 78, 53% female, 20% nonwhite).MeasurementsThe HRS interview closest to death was used (mean 12.2 months before death). Participants rated their hearing (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor) and indicated whether they used hearing aids. The prevalence and correlates of fair and poor ratings are described, adjusted for age and sex.ResultsThirty‐two percent (95% confidence interval (CI) = 31–34%) of all participants and 60% (95% CI = 57–64%) of the 7% of participants who used hearing aids rated their hearing as fair or poor. The prevalence of fair or poor hearing was highest in participants interviewed closest to death (29% 19–24 months before death, 36% 1–6 months before death, P for trend = .01). Correlates of fair or poor hearing during the last 2 years of life included age at death (50–59, 22%; 60–69, 21%; 70–79, 26%; 80–89, 38%; ≥90, 50%), sex (men 35%, women 30%), race and ethnicity (Hispanic 42%, white 33%), wealth (lowest quartile 38%, highest quartile 27%), history of heart disease (yes 38%, no 27%), activity of daily living dependence (yes 42%, no 26%), difficulty taking medications (yes 46%, no 29%), and probable dementia (yes 44%, no 24%).ConclusionSelf‐reported hearing loss increases during the last 2 years of life and is associated with physical and social vulnerability.
Analysis of the 100 most‐cited articles in periodontology
Authors: Corbella Stefano , Francetti Luca , Taschieri Silvio , Weinstein Roberto , Del Fabbro Massimo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to analyze two distinct biomedical electronic databases for the 100 most‐cited articles in the field of periodontology.MethodsTwo electronic databases (Scopus [SCO] and Web of Science [WOS]) were used to retrieve lists of the 100 most‐cited articles using appropriately‐chosen keywords. The correlation between the number of citations and age of publication was evaluated statistically.ResultsSixty‐three papers could be found in both lists. The mean number of citations in SCO was 476.7 ± 361.9 and 371.2 ± 249.7 in WOS. The mean age of publication in the SCO list was 21.4 ± 9.4 years and 18.6 ± 6.5 years in the WOS list. No correlation was found between age of publication and number of citations for both databases.ConclusionsThere is a lack of evidence of the correlation between age of publication and number of citations. The concordance between the two databases that were reviewed was relatively significant, even though the rankings of the most‐cited articles are dependent on the number of journals covered by one database. The actual value of the number of citations to measure the quality of one article should be carefully evaluated.
Developing ‘subject matter experts’: an improvement methodology programme for acute postoperative pain with patients post major surgery
Authors: Connor Laserina O 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo determine the effectiveness of an improvement methodology initiative, directed at refining the quality of acute pain management of patients in the first 24 hours post major surgery using the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire, pre‐ and post development of a ‘subject matter experts’ acute pain programme.BackgroundAccurately measuring effectiveness of acute pain management post major surgery is intertwined with measuring overall patient satisfaction. A critical element of quality evaluation is obtaining direct feedback from patients about the here‐and‐now pain experiences post major surgery.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional, observational study was conducted in a large university hospital in Ireland. The questionnaire was completed with patients within 24 hours post major surgery, i.e., cardiothoracic, breast, gynaecological, gastrointestinal and urology surgery. The nurse participants were selected based on their commitment to play a key role in acute pain management. The study consisted of: a pre programme phase (n = 100 patients), an intervention phase – ‘subject matter experts’ acute pain programme (n = 24 nurses) and a postprogramme phase (n = 100 patients).ResultsOver a quarter of patients were in severe pain for long periods in the first 24 hours post major surgery. These findings were linked not only to ineffective analgesia from some pain drug therapies but also to contradictory messages from nurses. Over half of the patients’ pre‐ and postintervention reported satisfaction with acute pain management, whereas the remainder were dissatisfied and some sought answers to their suboptimum pain status. The ‘subject matter experts’ had a noteworthy impact on the patients’ pain beliefs.ConclusionsThe findings revealed that a ‘subject matter experts’ acute pain programme can have a positive impact on pain management in the immediate phase post major surgery.Relevance to clinical practiceThe role making of ‘subject matter experts’ in acute pain is a tactical approach towards achieving optimum patient pain control in the immediate phase post major surgery.
Evaluating medical errors made by nurses during their diagnosis, treatment and care practices
Authors: Kahriman İlknur , Öztürk Havva 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether the nurses committed medical errors and to identify the types of and reasons for the medical errors.BackgroundMedical errors have recently emerged as a significant issue both in Turkey and around the world because they result in the death and disability of a number of people each year.DesignThis study was a descriptive study.MethodThe study was conducted with 1092 nurses working at a university hospital, 12 public hospitals and a private hospital in Trabzon.ResultsTwenty‐two per cent of the nurses stated that they had made medical errors endangering patient safety, and 4% stated that their medical errors had injured a patient. Of the nurses who made a medical error, 10% indicated that a patient's treatment was delayed and 6% stated that the patient experienced side effects. In addition, 23% of the nurses stated that they had committed medical errors such as delaying/not administering a patient's treatment and 20% stated that they had made medical errors such as using instruments without first checking them. Eighty‐three per cent of the nurses stated that they had committed a medical error due to fatigue, 82% were reported to be caused by the hospital's administration due to the limited number of nurses on duty and 75% were caused by physicians and other medical personnel due to a lack of communication.ConclusionTwo of five nurses had committed a medical error throughout their career; these errors were due to fatigue, a limited number of nurses and communication problems, and patients were harmed because of these errors.Relevant to clinical practiceThe results of this study could be used to take precautions against nursing medical errors in Turkey and to enhance institutional policies and activities regarding medical errors and patient safety.
Children with Down syndrome: Clinical course and mortality‐associated factors in a French medical paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Joffre Christelle , Lesage Fabrice , Bustarret Olivier , Hubert Philippe , Oualha Mehdi 
Published: June 2016

AimTo investigate clinical course and mortality‐associated factors in children with Down syndrome (DS) managed in a medical paediatric intensive care unit.MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective study conducted between 2001 and 2010 in DS children aged 1 month to 16 years.ResultsSixty‐six patients with a median age of 24 months (1–192) and a male/female ratio of 1.5 were analysed. Patients presented with history of congenital heart disease (n = 52, 78.8%), mechanical ventilation (n = 40, 60.6%) and chronic upper airway obstruction (n = 10, 15.1%). The primary reason for admission was respiratory failure (n = 56, 84.8%). Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (n = 19, 28.8%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (n = 18, 27.2%) and sepsis (n = 14, 21.2%) were observed during their clinical course. Twenty‐six patients died (39.4%). Mortality‐associated factors included the following: (i) baseline characteristics: history of mechanical ventilation, chronic upper airway obstruction and congenital heart disease; (ii) clinical course during paediatric intensive care unit stay: sepsis, catecholamine support, ARDS, PAH and nosocomial infection. In multivariate logistic analysis, history of mechanical ventilation, ARDS and PAH remained independently associated with death.ConclusionsThe mortality rate in critically ill DS children admitted for medical reasons is high and is predominantly associated with respiratory conditions.
Functionality of Different Surfactants on the Rheological and Micro‐Structural Characteristics of Multigrain Premix Incorporated Wheat Flour
Authors: K Ashwath Kumar , Sharma G. K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEffect of different surfactants namely, lecithin, glycerol monostearate (GMS), sodium stearoyl‐2 lactylate (SSL) and di‐acetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides (DATEM) at three different levels (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) on the rheological and micro‐structural characteristics of multigrain premix incorporated wheat flour (MWF) were studied. Surfactants significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the consistograph water absorption capacity, tolerance, alveograph average abscissa at rupture and mixogram peak value of MWF and decreased the consistograph dough development time, alveograph tenacity, mixograph height and width. DATEM and lecithin decreased the rapid visco analyzer peak viscosity of MWF, whereas GMS and SSL increased the same. The maximum increase in tolerance and peak viscosity were observed with GMS and SSL at 0.5% level when compared to other surfactants at the same level. SEM studies showed thick protein matrix with 0.5% of SSL and DATEM, whereas with GMS, the protein matrix appeared smooth, uniform and continuous. Among the surfactants studied, GMS and SSL at 0.5% level showed maximum effect on the rheological and micro‐structural characteristics of MWF.Practical ApplicationsRheological characteristics of wheat flour are effective in predicting the behavior of the dough during processing and the quality of end product. Incorporating multigrain premix to wheat flour adversely affected the rheological characteristics of wheat flour. This article discusses the improvement effect of different surfactants on the rheological and micro‐structural characteristics of multigrain premix incorporated wheat flour. This article also suggests the better surfactant for multigrain incorporated wheat flour to improve its rheological characteristics. Knowledge of functionality of different surfactants on multigrain incorporated wheat flour will be very much useful for the industries to develop nutritious multigrain products with desired quality using surfactants.
Toxic hydrogen sulphide shapes brain anatomy: a comparative study of sulphide‐adapted ecotypes in the Poecilia mexicana complex
Authors: Schulz‐Mirbach T. , Eifert C. , Riesch R. , Farnworth M. S. , Zimmer C. , Bierbach D. , Klaus S. , Tobler M. , Streit B. , Indy J. R. , Arias‐Rodriguez L. , Plath M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe teleost brain is an energetically costly organ, which raises the question of how brain anatomy is shaped by divergent ecological factors in contrasting (extreme/resource‐limited vs. benign) environments. A previous study compared different ecotypes of the teleost Poecilia mexicana in the Tacotalpa drainage system and found that cave fish had a smaller eye diameter, a smaller optic tectum and larger telencephalic lobes relative to ancestral surface‐dwelling fish. Smaller eyes and a smaller optic tectum but larger telencephalic lobes were also found in fish from a sulphidic surface habitat near one of the caves, which the authors hypothesized to result from limited vision in turbid sulphide waters. In this study, we tested if repeated transitions along a replicated, natural toxicity gradient result in repeated (‘convergent’) anatomical changes of the teleost brain. We compared ecotypes in the P. mexicana species complex that have independently evolved increased tolerance to hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in three river drainages in southern Mexico, including a phylogenetically old H2S‐adapted form (P. sulphuraria) and two P. mexicana ecotypes that represent earlier stages of adaptation to H2S. All H2S‐adapted ecotypes exhibited smaller eyes, a smaller optic tectum volume and a smaller brain volume, but larger corpora cerebelli and hypothalamic volume than fish from non‐sulphidic habitats. Drainage‐specific effects were found for the telencephalic lobes, the total brain and eye size, as sexes responded differently to the presence of H2S depending on the drainage of origin. Turbidity and toxicity in sulphidic habitats may explain patterns of brain size divergence similar in direction (but not degree) to those observed in cave ecotypes. Hence, variation in brain anatomy reflects major ecological differences, and repeated ecological gradients can result in convergent differences in brain anatomy. Nonetheless, some unique patterns of brain differentiation suggest as yet unidentified differences in selection regimes between different sulphidic springs.
The effect of (L‐)carnitine on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Pooyandjoo M. , Nouhi M. , Shab‐Bidar S. , Djafarian K. , Olyaeemanesh A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis study provides a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials, which have examined the effect of the carnitine on adult weight loss. Relevant studies were identified by systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and reference lists of relevant marker studies. Nine studies (total n = 911) of adequate methodological quality were included in the review. Trials with mean difference (MD) of 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using random effect model. Results from meta‐analysis of eligible trials revealed that subjects who received carnitine lost significantly more weight (MD: −1.33 kg; 95% CI: −2.09 to −0.57) and showed a decrease in body mass index (MD: −0.47 kg m−2; 95% CI: −0.88 to −0.05) compared with the control group. The results of meta‐regression analysis of duration of consumption revealed that the magnitude of weight loss resulted by carnitine supplementation significantly decreased over time (p = 0.002). We conclude that receiving the carnitine resulted in weight loss. Using multiple‐treatments meta‐analysis of the drugs and non‐pharmacotherapy options seem to be insightful areas for research. © 2016 World Obesity
Neurophysiological and Clinical Effects of Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Triple Neurectomy in Patients with Refractory Postherniorrhaphy Neuropathic Inguinodynia
Authors: Bjurström Martin F. , Nicol Andrea L. , Amid Parviz K. , Lee Christine H. , Ferrante Francis M. , Chen David C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundChronic postherniorrhaphy inguinal pain (CPIP) is a complex, major health problem. In the absence of recurrence or meshoma, laparoscopic retroperitoneal triple neurectomy (LRTN) has emerged as an effective surgical treatment of CPIP.MethodsThis prospective pilot study evaluated the neurophysiological and clinical effects of LRTN. Ten consecutive adult CPIP patients with unilateral predominantly neuropathic inguinodynia underwent three comprehensive quantitative sensory testing (QST) assessments (preoperative, immediate postoperative, and late postoperative). Pain severity, health‐related function, and sleep quality were assessed over the course of a 6‐month follow‐up period.ResultsQST revealed marked increases in mechanical, pressure, thermal, and pain thresholds in the areas with maximum pain prior to LRTN surgery for the immediate (P < 0.01; mean 160.9 minutes, range 103 to 255 minutes after extubation) and late postoperative (P < 0.05; mean 27.9 days, range 14 to 78 days after surgery) assessments compared to baseline. Wind‐up phenomena were eliminated postoperatively. LRTN provided robust group‐level improvements of all clinical measures. No preoperative QST variables were found to be predictive of surgical outcomes. The positive change in heat pain threshold (preoperative compared to late postoperative) showed significant positive correlations with improvements of pain scores and function.ConclusionsLRTN may produce immediate, profound, and consistent positive effects across multiple mechanical, pressure, and thermal QST variables, and marked improvements of clinical outcomes in selected CPIP patients. These data contribute to the understanding of mechanisms involved in the success of LRTN. Large, high‐powered studies are warranted to determine whether preoperative or repeated longitudinal QST may guide patient selection and predict effectiveness of LRTN.
On the relevance of using laboratory selection to study the adaptive value of circadian clocks
Authors: Abhilash Lakshman , Sharma Vijay K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe phrase ‘as sure as night comes after day’ highlights the most conspicuous phenomenon on earth (i.e. the daily cycling of geophysical factors). It is hypothesized that life‐forms on earth have evolved timekeeping mechanisms (circadian clocks) as adaptations to cope with such cyclic variations in their environment and, to test this hypothesis, diverse strategies have been employed. In this review, these different approaches, including comparative, clinal, ecology and/or trait manipulation and laboratory selection strategies are discussed, aiming to evaluate the adaptive value of circadian clocks. The limitations of each of these methods are assessed, and it is suggested that laboratory selection is an ideal, potent and suitable strategy for examining whether circadian clocks are indeed adaptations. In support of this, laboratory selection strategies are highlighted and critically reviewed in a discussion of studies that demonstrate the evolution of circadian clocks and life‐history traits in response to selection for the timing of rhythmic behaviours, as well as those studies that demonstrate the evolution of circadian clocks in response to selection for life‐history traits. Finally, newer approaches are proposed that involve the use of mutants, simultaneous manipulation of multiple environmental factors and genomic technologies in conjunction with laboratory selection to further explore the adaptive significance of circadian clocks.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Synthesis and its Receptors’ Expression in the Bovine Oviduct During the Oestrous Cycle
Authors: Sinderewicz E , Grycmacher K , Boruszewska D , Kowalczyk‐Zięba I , Yamamoto Y , Yoshimoto Y , Woclawek‐Potocka I 
Published: June 2016

ContentsLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a naturally occurring simple phospholipid which in the bovine reproductive system can be produced in the endometrium, corpus luteum, ovarian follicle and embryo. In this study, we examined the possibility that LPA receptors are expressed, and LPA synthesized, in the bovine oviduct. We found that the concentration of LPA was highest in infundibulum in the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle and was relatively high during the early‐luteal phase in all examined parts of the oviduct. We also documented that LPA synthesis engages both available pathways for LPA production. The autotaxin (ATX) protein expression was significantly higher in the infundibulum compared to the isthmus during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle. During the early‐luteal phase of the oestrous cycle, ATX and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) protein expression was highest in ampulla, although the expression of LPARs was not as dynamic as LPA concentration in the oviduct tissue, and we presume that in the bovine oviduct, the most abundantly expressed receptor is LPAR2. In conclusion, our results indicate that the bovine oviduct is a site of LPA synthesis and a target for LPA action in the bovine reproductive tract. We documented that LPAR2 is the most abundantly expressed in the bovine oviduct. We hypothesize that in the bovine oviduct, LPA may be involved in the transport of gametes, fertilization and cellular signalling between the oviduct and cumulus–oocyte complex.
Changes in blood center red blood cell distributions in the era of patient blood management: the trends for collection (TFC) study
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Jackson Bryon , Beckman Neil , Chesneau Stuart , Bowler Patrick , Delaney Meghan , Devine Dana , Field Stephen , Germain Marc , Murphy Mike F. , Sayers Merlyn , Shaz Beth , Shinar Eilat , Takanashi Minoko , Vassallo Ralph , Wickenden Crispin , Yahalom Vered , Land Kevin ,   on behalf of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusions (BEST) Collaborative
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDAs patient blood management becomes more widespread, fewer red blood cell (RBC) units have been transfused. This multinational study evaluated changes in blood center RBC distributions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSData on number and ABO and D groups of RBC distributions were obtained from several large American blood centers and national or provincial blood services (NPBS) from fiscal year (FY) 2010 through FY2014. Due to relatively larger numbers of distributions and differences in ABO and D groups between the Japanese Red Cross and the other NPBS, Japanese data were not included in distributions calculations.RESULTSData from seven American blood centers and eight NPBS were obtained. Overall, at both the American and the seven NPBS that were analyzed, there were declines in the number of RBC distributions between FY2010 and FY2014, 16.9 and 8.0%, respectively. The number of O– RBC distributions decreased by 9.0% at American blood centers but the proportion of RBC distributions that were O– increased by 9.3% during this time. The NPBS had 1.6% increase in O– RBC distributions and 10.5% increase in the proportion of O– distributions. The proportion of O+ distributions increased slightly over time at American centers (2.9%) while decreasing slightly (1.1%) at NPBS despite reductions in the absolute numbers of O+ distributions. Overall there was 2.6% decrease in the proportion of B+ and AB+ RBCs distributed and 13.6% absolute reduction in the number of these units distributed.CONCLUSIONAlthough overall RBC distributions have decreased over time, the proportion of O units has increased substantially.