bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Increasing Age on Cause-Specific Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Stage I Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Competing Risks Analysis
Authors: Eguchi Takashi , Bains Sarina , Lee Ming-Ching , Tan Kay See , Hristov Boris , Buitrago Daniel H. , Bains Manjit S. , Downey Robert J. , Huang James , Isbell James M. , Park Bernard J. , Rusch Valerie W. , Jones David R. , Adusumilli Prasad S. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose To perform competing risks analysis and determine short- and long-term cancer- and noncancer-specific mortality and morbidity in patients who had undergone resection for stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Of 5,371 consecutive patients who had undergone curative-intent resection of primary lung cancer at our institution (2000 to 2011), 2,186 with pathologic stage I NSCLC were included in the analysis. All preoperative clinical variables known to affect outcomes were included in the analysis, specifically, Charlson comorbidity index, predicted postoperative (ppo) diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and ppo forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Cause-specific mortality analysis was performed with competing risks analysis. Results Of 2,186 patients, 1,532 (70.1%) were ≥ 65 years of age, including 638 (29.2%) ≥ 75 years of age. In patients < 65, 65 to 74, and ≥ 75 years of age, 5-year lung cancer–specific cumulative incidence of death (CID) was 7.5%, 10.7%, and 13.2%, respectively (overall, 10.4%); noncancer-specific CID was 1.8%, 4.9%, and 9.0%, respectively (overall, 5.3%). In patients ≥ 65 years of age, for up to 2.5 years after resection, noncancer-specific CID was higher than lung cancer–specific CID; the higher noncancer-specific, early-phase mortality was enhanced in patients ≥ 75 years of age than in those 65 to 74 years of age. Multivariable analysis showed that low ppo diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide was an independent predictor of severe morbidity ( P < .001), 1-year mortality ( P < .001), and noncancer-specific mortality ( P < .001), whereas low ppo forced expiratory volume in 1 second was an independent predictor of lung cancer–specific mortality ( P = .002). Conclusion In patients who undergo curative-intent resection of stage I NSCLC, noncancer-specific mortality is a significant competing event, with an increasing impact as patient age increases.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Dysfunction in Survivors of Childhood CNS Tumors: Importance of Systematic Follow-Up and Early Endocrine Consultation
Authors: Chemaitilly Wassim , Armstrong Gregory T. , Gajjar Amar , Hudson Melissa M. 
Published: October 2016

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. An 11-year-old male with a history of metastatic tectal plate low-grade glioma who was diagnosed at age 2.8 years transferred his care to the long-term follow-up clinic. He completed treatment with multiagent chemotherapy—carboplatin, vincristine, temozolomide, procarbazine, lomustine, and thioguanine—at age 4.5 years and did not require radiotherapy. At primary diagnosis, he presented with hydrocephalus that required ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, with a subsequent shunt revision at age 6 years. Residual metastatic tumors in the third and fourth ventricles and in the suprasellar region remained stable for more than 5 years. The patient achieved normal developmental milestones and was not taking medications. He was offered screening for hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) dysfunction because of his suprasellar lesion. His height was at the 25th percentile for chronological age, with decline from the 50th percentile noted during the preceding 18 months ( Fig 1 , point c). Pubertal stage was Tanner 4 for pubic hair and penile size, which contrasted with small testes (4.5 mL). Pubic hair and voice changes were noticed 2 to 3 years before this visit. Plasma testosterone level was consistent with Tanner 4 (255 ng/dL = 8.9 nmol/L). An x-ray of the left hand revealed a notably advanced bone age of 15.5 years. Plasma free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and 8 am cortisol levels were normal. The patient was referred to the endocrinology clinic where he was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and was started on replacement therapy. He reached his final adult height of 144.1 cm at age 13.3 years ( Fig 1 , point d).
Using Data From Ontario’s Episode-Based Funding Model to Assess Quality of Chemotherapy
Authors: Kaizer Leonard , Simanovski Vicky , Lalonde Carlin , Tariq Huma , Blais Irene , Evans William K. 
Published: October 2016

Introduction: A new episode-based funding model for ambulatory systemic therapy was implemented in Ontario, Canada on April 1, 2014, after a comprehensive knowledge transfer and exchange strategy with providers and administrators. An analysis of the data from the first year of the new funding model provided an opportunity to assess the quality of chemotherapy, which was not possible under the old funding model. Materials and Methods: Options for chemotherapy regimens given with adjuvant/curative intent or palliative intent were informed by input from disease site groups. Bundles were developed and priced to enable evidence-informed best practice. Analysis of systemic therapy utilization after model implementation was performed to assess the concordance rate of the treatments chosen with recommended practice. The actual number of cycles of treatment delivered was also compared with expert recommendations. Results: Significant improvement compared with baseline was seen in the proportion of adjuvant/curative regimens that aligned with disease site group–recommended options (98% v 90%). Similar improvement was seen for palliative regimens (94% v 89%). However, overall, the number of cycles of adjuvant/curative therapy delivered was lower than recommended best practice in 57.5% of patients. There was significant variation by disease site and between facilities. Conclusion: Linking funding to quality, supported by knowledge transfer and exchange, resulted in a rapid improvement in the quality of systemic treatment in Ontario. This analysis has also identified further opportunities for improvement and the need for model refinement.
Building Competence Portrait of Modern Literature Teacher
Authors: Фарисенкова  , Farisenkova L. , Леонов  , Leonov I. 
Published: October 2016

The article reveals the very relevant problem of the modern pedagogy of
higher school. It is a question: on which competences are based the training
of a modern teacher of literature and how it is regulated. The authors focus
on the personal qualities of students and the dynamics of their professional
training. The article shows the mechanism of formation and control of key
competences of students through system of specially organized training
and production, educational and pedagogical practices.
Do Sympathy Biases Induce Charitable Giving? The Effects of Advertising Content
Authors: Sudhir K. , Roy Subroto , Cherian Mathew 
Published: October 2016

We randomize advertising content motivated by the psychology literature on sympathy generation and framing effects in mailings to about 185,000 prospective new donors in India. We find a significant impact on the number of donors and amounts donated consistent with sympathy biases such as the “identifiable victim,” “in-group,” and “reference dependence.” A monthly reframing of the ask amount increases donors and the amount donated relative to daily reframing. A second field experiment targeted to past donors, finds that the effect of sympathy bias on giving is smaller in percentage terms but statistically and economically highly significant in terms of the magnitude of additional dollars raised. Methodologically, the paper complements the work of behavioral scholars by adopting an empirical researchers’ lens of measuring relative effect sizes and economic relevance of multiple behavioral theoretical constructs in the sympathy bias and charity domain within one field setting. Beyond the benefit of conceptual replications, the effect sizes provide guidance to managers on which behavioral theories are most managerially and economically relevant when developing advertising content. Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0989 .
Early Rule-Out and Rule-In Strategies for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cullen Louise A , Mills Nicholas L , Mahler Simon , Body Richard 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Patients with chest pain comprise a large proportion of emergency presentations and place a major burden on healthcare resources. Therefore, efforts to safely and rapidly identify those with and without acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are needed. The challenge for clinicians is to accurately identify patients with acute coronary syndromes, while balancing the need to safely and rapidly reassure and discharge those without serious conditions.

CONTENT
This review summarizes the evidence to date on optimum accelerated strategies for the rule-in and rule-out of AMI, using strategies focused on optimum use of troponin results. Evidence based on both sensitive and highly sensitive troponin assay results is presented. The use of novel biomarkers is also addressed and the combination of biomarkers with other clinical information in accelerated diagnostic strategies is discussed.

SUMMARY
The majority of patients, who are not at risk of myocardial infarction or other serious harm, may be suitable for discharge directly from the emergency setting using approaches focused on troponin algorithms and accelerated diagnostic protocols. Evidence about the clinical and health economic impact of use of such strategies is needed, as they may have major benefits for both patients and healthcare providers.
Myocardial Infarction Type 2 and Myocardial Injury
Authors: Sandoval Yader , Thygesen Kristian 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The development and implementation of sensitive and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays has not only expedited the early ruling in and ruling out of acute myocardial infarction, but has also contributed to the identification of patients at risk for myocardial injury with necrosis, as confirmed by the presence of cardiac troponin concentrations above the 99th percentile. Myocardial injury with necrosis may occur either in the presence of overt ischemia from myocardial infarction, or in the absence of overt ischemia from myocardial injury accompanying other conditions. Myocardial infarction type 2 (T2MI) has been a focus of attention; conceptually T2MI occurs in a clinical setting with overt myocardial ischemia where a condition other than an acute atherothrombotic event is the major contributor to a significant imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and/or demand. Much debate has surrounded T2MI and its interrelationship with myocardial injury.

CONTENT
We provide a detailed overview of the current concepts and challenges regarding the definition, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of T2MI, as well as the interrelationship to myocardial injury, and emphasize several critical clinical concepts for both clinicians and researchers moving forward.

SUMMARY
T2MI and myocardial injury are frequently encountered in clinical practice and are associated with poor outcomes in both the short term and long term. Diagnostic strategies to facilitate the clinical distinction between ischemic myocardial injury with or without an acute atheroma-thrombotic event vs non–ischemic-mediated myocardial injury conditions are urgently needed, as well as evidence-based therapies tailored toward improving outcomes for patients with T2MI.
Application of Cardiac Troponin in Cardiovascular Diseases Other Than Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Eggers Kai M , Lindahl Bertil 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Increased cardiac troponin concentrations in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) identify patients with ongoing cardiomyocyte necrosis who are at increased risk. However, with the use of more precise assays, cardiac troponin increases are commonly noted in other cardiovascular conditions as well. This has generated interest in the use of cardiac troponin for prognostic assessment and clinical management of these patients. In this review, we have summarized the data from studies investigating the implications of cardiac troponin concentrations in various acute and chronic conditions beyond ACS, i.e., heart failure, myocarditis, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection, supraventricular arrhythmias, valve disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, stroke, and in the perioperative setting.

CONTENT
Cardiac troponin concentrations are often detectable and frankly increased in non-ACS conditions, in particular when measured with high-sensitivity (hs) assays. With the exception of myocarditis and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, cardiac troponin concentrations carry strong prognostic information, mainly with respect to mortality, or incipient and/or worsening heart failure. Studies investigating the prognostic benefit associated with cardiac troponin–guided treatments however, are almost lacking and the potential role of cardiac troponin in the management of non-ACS conditions is not defined.

SUMMARY
Increased cardiac troponin indicates increased risk for adverse outcome in patients with various cardiovascular conditions beyond ACS. Routine measurement of cardiac troponin concentrations can however, not be generally recommended unless there is a suspicion of ACS. Nonetheless, any finding of an increased cardiac troponin concentration in a patient without ACS should at least prompt the search for possible underlying conditions and these should be managed meticulously according to current guidelines to improve outcome.
开放获取及出版的标准
Authors: Olijhoek Tom , Shen Cenyu , Mitchell Dominic , Bjørnshauge Lars , Bi Xin , Zhai Yanhong 
Published: October 2016

摘要
本文介绍 Directory of Open Access Journals（DOAJ）的历史和现状。简要回顾 DOAJ 的历史后，本文详细阐述了 DOAJ对开放获取、知识产权和问题出版商所采取的政策。本文的大部分篇幅用来介绍 DOAJ 如何使用新的收录标准来评估开放获取期刊，为何选取 7 个附加条件作为 DOAJ 印章的收录标准。本文的最后一部分阐述了 DOAJ 将来可能为研究人员和出版商提供的服务，包括数据库搜索和元数据的上传。现今的 DOAJ 平台更强大，数据库更稳定，服务进一步提升，已允许用户上传并整合元数据。
The marks of the public choice theory in the modern classical writings<p>Kamu tercihi teorisinin modern klasiklerdeki izleri
Authors: Kalkan Buğra , Özkan Devrim 
Published: October 2016

Public choice, emerged as an economic theory with regard its methodology but focused on political decision making processes and political institutions, has increased its influence on political science in the last twenty years. It is claimed that public choice is a radical disengagement from conventional political studies due to its neo-classical tools applied to politics. But it could also be claimed that public choice has done nothing new but just revived the old topics with a new theoretical tool set, considering the subjects that were examined by the classical political theorists. In this paper, the roots of the subjects examined by public choice theory in the classical writings of the political philosophers are analysed,concerning the problem of social coordination role of the state. These classical thinkers are specified as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke and Hume. ÖzetYöntem bakımından ekonomi disiplininden çıkmış olmakla birlikte, konusu itibariyle politik karar süreçlerini ve politik kurumları inceleyen kamu tercihi teorisi, özellikle son yirmi yıldır politika bilimindeki etkinliğini artırmıştır. Kamu tercihinin, neo-klasik iktisadın pek çok aracını politikaya uyarladığı gerekçesi ile geleneksel politika araştırmalarından radikal bir kopuşu temsil ettiği ileri sürülür. Ancak modern politik teorinin bazı klasik filozoflarının ele aldıkları temel konular incelendiğinde, kamu tercihi teorisinin, bu geleneksel sorunsalları yeni teorik kavram setleri ile yeniden canlandırmaktan öte bir iş yapmadıkları da iddia edilebilir. Bu çalışmada devletin ortaya çıkışı ve devletin sosyal işbirliğini sağlamada oynadığı rol üzerinden kamu tercihinin ele aldığı konuların klasik politika yazarlarındaki kökleri incelenmektedir. Bu klasik yazarlar, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke ve Hume olarak belirlenmiştir.
Uniform continuity and Brézis–Lieb-type splitting for superposition operators in Sobolev space
Authors: Ackermann Nils 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Using concentration-compactness arguments, we prove a variant of the Brézis–Lieb-Lemma under weaker assumptions on the nonlinearity than known before. An intermediate result on the uniform continuity of superposition operators in Sobolev space is of independent interest.
On a Biharmonic Equation with Steep Potential Well and Indefinite Potential
Authors: Huang Yisheng , Liu Zeng , Wu Yuanze 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we study the following biharmonic equations:

{

Δ
2

⁢
u

-

a
0

⁢
Δ
⁢
u

+

(

λ
⁢
b
⁢

(
x
)

+

b
0

)

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

in

⁢

ℝ
N

,

u
∈

H
2

⁢

(

ℝ
N

)

,

$\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle\Delta^{2}u-a_{0}\Delta u+(\lambda b(x)+b% _{0})u=f(u)&\hskip 10.0pt\text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N},\\ &\displaystyle u\in H^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{N}),\end{aligned}\right.$

where

N
≥
3

${N\geq 3}$

,

a
0

,

b
0

∈
ℝ

${a_{0},b_{0}\in\mathbb{R}}$

are two constants,

λ
>
0

${\lambda>0}$

is a parameter,

b
⁢

(
x
)

≥
0

${b(x)\geq 0}$

is a potential well and

f
⁢

(
t
)

∈

C
⁢

(
ℝ
)

${f(t)\in C(\mathbb{R})}$

is subcritical and superlinear or asymptotically linear at infinity. By the Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality, we make some observations on the operator

Δ
2

-

a
0

⁢
Δ

+

λ
⁢
b
⁢

(
x
)

+

b
0

${\Delta^{2}-a_{0}\Delta+\lambda b(x)+b_{0}}$

in

H
2

⁢

(

ℝ
N

)

${H^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{N})}$

. Based on these observations, we give a new variational setting to the above problem for

a
0

<
0

${a_{0}<0}$

. With this new variational setting in hands, we establish some new existence results of the nontrivial solutions for all

a
0

<
0

${a_{0}<0}$

with λ sufficiently large by the variational method. The concentration behavior of the nontrivial solution for

λ
→

+
∞

${\lambda\to+\infty}$

is also obtained. It is worth pointing out that it seems to be the first time that the nontrivial solution of the above problem is obtained for all

a
0

<
0

${a_{0}<0}$

.
Concentration Phenomena for Fractional Elliptic Equations Involving Exponential Critical Growth
Authors: Alves Claudianor O. , do Ó João Marcos , Miyagaki Olímpio H. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we deal with the singular perturbed fractional elliptic problem

ε
⁢

(

-
Δ

)

1
/
2

⁢
u

+

V
⁢

(
z
)

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

$\varepsilon(-\Delta)^{1/2}{u}+V(z)u=f(u)$

in

ℝ

$\mathbb{R}$

, where

(

-
Δ

)

1
/
2

⁢
u

${(-\Delta)^{1/2}u}$

is the square root of the Laplacian and

f
⁢

(
s
)

${f(s)}$

has exponential critical growth. Under suitable conditions on

f
⁢

(
s
)

${f(s)}$

, we construct a localized bound state solution concentrating at an isolated component of the positive local minimum points of the potential of V as ε goes to 0.
Besicovitch Covering Property on graded groups and applications to measure differentiation
Authors: Le Donne Enrico , Rigot Séverine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe give a complete answer to which homogeneous groups admit homogeneous distances for which the Besicovitch Covering Property (BCP) holds. In particular, we prove that a stratified group admits homogeneous distances for which BCP holds if and only if the group has step 1 or 2. These results are obtained as consequences of a more general study of homogeneous quasi-distances on graded groups. Namely, we prove that a positively graded group admits continuous homogeneous quasi-distances satisfying BCP if and only if any two different layers of the associated positive grading of its Lie algebra commute. The validity of BCP has several consequences. Its connections with the theory of differentiation of measures is one of the main motivations of the present paper. As a consequence of our results, we get for instance that a stratified group can be equipped with some homogeneous distance so that the differentiation theorem holds for each locally finite Borel measure if and only if the group has step 1 or 2. The techniques developed in this paper allow also us to prove that sub-Riemannian distances on stratified groups of step 2 or higher never satisfy BCP. Using blow-up techniques this is shown to imply that on a sub-Riemannian manifold the differentiation theorem does not hold for some locally finite Borel measure.
Pathogenicity of Phytophthora isolates originating from several woody hosts in Bulgaria and Poland
Authors: Lyubenova Aneta B. , Nowakowska Justyna A. , Sikora Katarzyna , Kostov Kaloyan , Borys Małgorzata , Slavov Slavtcho B. , Oszako Tomasz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Our aim was to examine the virulence of eight Phytophthora isolates belonging to three species (Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora quercina) obtained from diverse European ecosystems (in Bulgaria, Poland and Germany) towards three forest tree hosts – English oak (Quercus robur L.), Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).
All plants grown from seeds in a greenhouse conditions were artificially inoculated under the stem bark with Phytophthora cultures. The tested isolates turned to be more aggressive to Turkey oaks than to English oak trees. In case of European beech, the isolates of P. cryptogea and P. plurivora exposed various virulence. The potential hazard of the introduced foreign isolates for the oak and beech forests in Poland and Bulgaria is discussed. Amongst the tested isolates, P. quercina P290 from German highly infected Bulgarian Turkey oaks; therefore, its negative potential impact on Bulgarian oak forests could be considered as high (if unintentionally introduced). Also, two Bulgarian isolates belonging to P. cryptogea and P. plurivora are risky for Polish beech forests, if exposed to the pathogen. The observed pathogenicity of the tested Phytophthora species proved their potential as important contributors to decline of valuable forest ecosystems dominated by oaks (Q. robur and Q. cerris) or beech (F. sylvatica), in both Poland and Bulgaria. We found that investigated Phytophthora pathogens could develop in the living plant stem tissues without causing any disease symptoms, which is another demonstration that phytosanitary control by simple observation of plant material is not effective.
Phytophthora quercina infections in elevated CO2 concentrations
Authors: Oszako Tomasz , Sikora Katarzyna , Borys Małgorzata , Kubiak Katarzyna A. , Tkaczyk Miłosz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the last decades, a new wave of oak decline has been observed in Poland. The most important pathogenic organisms involved in this phenomenon are probably soil-borne pathogens Phytophthoragenus, especially P. quercina. In this work, we sought to test the influence of elevated CO2 concentration on the susceptibility of oaks (Quercus robur L.) to infection by P. quercina. In order to test the susceptibility of oak fine roots to infection, we applied phosphite-based fertiliser Actifos in 0.6% concentration. One-year-old oak seedlings were grown for one year in greenhouse with either an ambient atmosphere (400 ppm CO2) or an elevated (800 ppm) concentration of CO2. Oaks grown at the elevated CO2 concentration developed longer shoots as proved by statistically significant differences. However, there was no difference in the development of root systems. The application of Actifos had a positive significant effect on the development of shoots and the surface area of fine roots under the elevated CO2 concentration.