bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of epidural catheter as primary anaesthesia in patients with hip fracture
Authors: Strange Gideon F. , Nielsen Christian V. , Nielsen Anne H. , Glassou Eva N. , Frandsen Christina F. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Danish national guidelines advocate preoperative optimization within 4 h and surgical intervention within 24 h for hip fracture patients, a goal often unmet. This study assesses the feasibility of universal epidural administration, aiming to achieve adherence to these guidelines.

Method:
Data from the Danish Interdisciplinary Registry of Hip Fractures (March–May and September–November 2022) at Gødstrup Hospital were analyzed. Patients aged 65 and above were included, with a focus on achieving 75% compliance for epidural administration as the primary surgical anesthesia. Journal audits explored patient characteristics, excluding those with epidural contraindications.

Results:
Out of 121 patients administered an epidural, 79% had it as their primary surgical anesthesia. Patient characteristics were comparable between those maintaining and altering the epidural method. Notably, 61% of epidural patients were ready for surgery within 4 h, and 91% underwent surgery within 24 h, aligning with guideline recommendations. However, adherence to the 4 h preoperative optimization guideline was incomplete.
Comparisons with alternative anesthesia approaches showed no significant differences in preoperative optimization and surgical intervention times.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the feasibility of a fast-track regime with a preoperative epidural catheter, with 79% adherence to the planned use of epidural as the primary surgical anesthesia. This approach allows for early optimal pain relief without delaying surgery, showcasing potential improvements in adhering to guideline recommendations, especially in achieving timely surgical interventions for hip fracture patients.
Protective Effects of Gastrodin Against Gentamicin-Induced Vestibular Damage by the Notch Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jiang Wen , Li Feifan , Xu Handong , Cao Maorong , Xiao Bin , Gong Ke , Ma Jingyu , Zhang Weiguo , Tang Xuxia , Liu Fenye , Yu Shudong 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used in clinical practice. However, the drug causes side effects of ototoxicity, leading to disruption in balance functionality. This study investigated the effect of gastrodin, a prominent compound present in Gastrodia, and the underlying mechanism on the development of gentamicin-induced vestibular dysfunction.

Methods
Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups: control, gentamicin, and gentamicin + gastrodin groups. The extent of gentamicin-induced vestibular impairment was assessed through a series of tests including the swimming test, contact righting reflex test, and air-righting reflex. Alterations in vestibular hair cells were monitored through immunofluorescence assay, and cellular apoptosis was observed using TUNEL staining. The mRNA and protein expression of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 was quantified through qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot analyses.

Results
Gentamicin treatment led to pronounced deficits in vestibular function and otolith organ hair cells in mice. Nevertheless, pretreatment with gastrodin significantly alleviated these impairments. Additionally, the Notch signaling pathway was activated by gentamicin in the utricle, contributing to a notable increase in the expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins. By contrast, gastrodin treatment effectively suppressed the Notch signaling pathway, thereby mitigating the occurrence of apoptosis.

Conclusion
Collectively, these findings underscore the crucial role of gastrodin in safeguarding against gentamicin-induced vestibular dysfunction through the modulation of the Notch signaling pathway. This study suggests the potential of gastrodin as a promising therapeutic agent for preventing vestibular injuries.
Performance After Cochlear Reimplantation Using a Different Manufacturer
Authors: Cottrell Justin , Spitzer Emily , Winchester Arianna , Dunn-Johnson Camille , Gantz Bruce , Rathgeb Susan , Shew Matthew , Herzog Jacques , Buchman Craig , Friedmann David , Jethanamest Daniel , McMenomey Sean , Waltzman Susan , Thomas Roland J. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo better understand cochlear implant (CI) performance after reimplantation with a different device manufacturer.Study DesignMultisite retrospective review.SettingTertiary referral centers.PatientsPatients older than 4 years who received a CI and subsequently underwent CI reimplantation with a different manufacturer over a 20-year periodInterventionReimplantation.Main Outcome MeasureThe primary outcome was difference in the best CNC score obtained with the primary CI, compared with the most recent CNC score obtained after reimplantation.ResultsTwenty-nine patients met the criteria at three centers. The best average CNC score achieved by adult patients after primary cochlear implantation was 46.2% (n = 16), measured an average of 14 months (range: 3–36 mo) postoperatively. When looking at the most recent CNC score of adult patients before undergoing reimplantation, the average CNC score dropped to 19.2% (n = 17). After reimplantation, the average 3- to 6-month CNC score was 48.3% (n = 12), with most recent average CNC score being 44.4% (n = 17) measured an average of 19 months (range: 3–46 mo) postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference (p= 0.321;t11= 0.48) identified in performance between the best CNC score achieved by adult patients after primary cochlear implantation, and the most recent score achieved after reimplantation (n = 12). Analysis of prerevision and postrevision speech performance was not possible in pediatric patients (<18 yr old) because of differences in tests administered.ConclusionPatients undergoing reimplantation with a different manufacturer achieved CNC score performance comparable to their best performance with their original device.
Portrayal of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Popular Films
Authors: Deaney Michael A. , McClure Kinsey M. , Jeffres Meghan N. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Stigmatization of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) threatens provider-patient relationships and contributes to the underutilization of STI services. Media can shape public attitudes toward health care topics by perpetuating or reducing stigma. Given the high prevalence of STIs and the widespread consumption of media, it is essential for health care providers to be cognizant of factors influencing societal perceptions of STI symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment.

Methods
This study is a scoping review of popular films depicting STIs. Full-length English-language narrative films featuring characters with confirmed or suspected STIs were included. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the proportion of characters accurately portrayed with STI symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment.

Results
The final analysis comprised 128 characters from 77 films, with human immunodeficiency virusbeing the most frequently featured STI (42 films, 54.5%). The overall accuracy across all 4 clinical variables of symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment was 87.4%. Transmission was the most depicted clinical variable, represented in 74 characters (57.8%). All 4 clinical variables were simultaneously depicted in only 4 (3.1%) characters, with 2 characters portraying all 4 clinical variables accurately. Death occurred in 39 characters (30.5%), with human immunodeficiency virus accounting for the majority (82.1%).

Conclusions
Most films accurately portrayed STI clinical variables, including symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment. Rates of individual variable depiction were inconsistent, whereas death secondary to STIs was common. Understanding the portrayal of STIs in popular films can provide valuable insights for clinicians, enabling them to effectively address patient misconceptions and knowledge gaps.
Methods for Teaching Health Equity and Diversity, Equity Inclusion, and Accessibility to Public Health Practitioners: A Semisystematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Yassine Brianne Bostian , Graham Kaila , Sledge Sierra , Carvalho Michelle 
Published: September 2024

Context:
Training developers and educators play a crucial role in building strategic skills among the public health workforce. They prepare the workforce to respond to and address emerging concerns and priorities, including on the topics of health equity and diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA).

Objective:
The purpose of this semisystematic literature review was to identify current evidence-based methods that training developers and educators can apply when teaching DEIA and health equity principles to public health practitioners from various disciplines in the workforce.

Design:
We conducted a semisystematic literature review because this methodology’s purpose is to extract rich, in-depth descriptions that matched the aim to find evidence-based teaching methods to apply.

Results:
Six methods that hold promise for effective teaching health equity and DEIA principles emerged as themes: Critical Reflection, Service Learning, Case Studies, Peer-Learning/Dialogue, Workshops, and Simulation Learning.

Conclusions:
Considerations for best practice identified in this literature review include using multimodal approach to support different learning styles among diverse audiences, tailoring content based on training needs analysis recommendations, and considering onus placed on instructors and learners depending on the content and setting.
Impact of a University-Led COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Program
Authors: Siira Meron , Harrington Kristin R. V. , Lewis Kwardel , Rothschild Elizabeth , Graham Tracie , Rabinovitz Sharon R. , Shartar Samuel , Milazzo Theresa , Crubezy Monica , Olsen Aaron , Clark David , Isakov Alexander , Chamberlain Allison , Gelaye Enku , Xing Minzhi , Patimeteeporn Calvin , Cegielski J. Peter , Gandhi Neel R. 
Published: September 2024

Context:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic devastated societies and economies worldwide. Given the major disruptions to higher education, reflection on university responses to the COVID-19 pandemic may provide insights for future outbreaks.

Objective:
Here, we describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 on the Emory University campus during the 2020-2021 academic year and provide an evaluation of the performance of a university-led program with the purpose of describing the effectiveness of efforts to augment the public health authority’s case investigation and contact tracing efforts during a public health emergency.

Design:
Evaluation of a case investigation and contact tracing program regarding operations, timeliness, and performance.

Main Outcome Measures:
We analyzed quality metrics to determine the proportion of cases and contacts interviewed and the time to completion of each step from case diagnosis to testing of contacts.

Results:
During the 2020-2021 academic year, 1267 COVID-19 cases among Emory students, faculty, and staff were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, with 1132 reported close contacts. Among cases, the median test turnaround time was 1 day (interquartile range: 1, 2). Among both cases and close contacts, 98% were successfully interviewed. The team called a majority of cases on the same day as their test result was reported to the program (87%; n = 1052). Almost all (98%; n = 1247) cases completed isolation or were advised to isolate during the review period. Close to half (46%; n = 513) of contacts interviewed began quarantine before their interview. Among close contacts interviewed, 13% (n = 145) subsequently converted to an index case.

Conclusions:
The impact and performance of Emory’s program may provide useful and actionable data for future university-led infectious disease outbreak response programs. The program structure, performance metrics, and information collected via interviews provide practical implications and an organized structure to guide other programs during future outbreaks.
Progress on nonculture based diagnostic tests for invasive mould infection
Authors: White P. Lewis 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of reviewThis review describes the current status of diagnosing invasive mould disease andPneumocystispneumonia using nonconventional diagnostics methods.Recent findingsThere has been significant development in the range of nonculture mycological tests. Lateral flow tests (LFTs) for diagnosing aspergillosis complement galactomannan ELISA testing, and LFTs for other fungal diseases are in development. Rapid and low through-put B-D-Glucan assays increase access to testing and there has been significant progress in the standardization/development of molecular tests. Despite this, no single perfect test exists and combining tests (e.g., antigen and molecular testing) is likely required for the optimal diagnosis of most fungal diseases.SummaryBased on established clinical performance few mycological tests can be used alone for optimal diagnosis of fungal disease (FD) and combining tests, including classical approaches is the preferred route for confirming and excluding disease. Next-generation sequencing will likely play an increasing role in how we diagnose disease, but optimization, standardization and validation of the entire molecular process is needed and we must consider how host biomarkers can stratify risk. Given the burden of FD in low- and medium-income countries, improved access to novel but more so existing diagnostic testing is critical along with simplification of testing processes.
The Azygos Esophageal Recess Is Not to Be Missed in Screening Lung Cancer With LDCT
Authors: Mascalchi Mario , Cavigli Edoardo , Picozzi Giulia , Cozzi Diletta , De Luca Giulia Raffaella , Diciotti Stefano 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Lesion overlooking and late diagnostic workup can compromise the efficacy of low-dose CT (LDCT) screening of lung cancer (LC), implying more advanced and less curable disease stages. We hypothesized that the azygos esophageal recess (AER) of the right lower lobe (RLL) might be an area prone to lesion overlooking in LC screening.

Materials and Methods:
Two radiologists reviewed the LDCT examinations of all the screen-detected incident LCs observed in the active arm of 2 randomized clinical trials: ITALUNG and national lung screening trial. Those in the AER were compared with those in the remainder of the RLL for possible differences in diagnostic lag according to the Lung-RADS 1.1 recommendations, size, stage, and mortality.

Results:
Six (11.7%) of 51 screen-detected incident LCs of the RLL were located in the AER. The diagnostic lag time was significantly longer (P=0.046) in the AER LC (mean 14±9 mo) than in the LC in the remaining RLL (mean 7.3±1 mo). Size and stage at diagnosis were not significantly different. All 6 subjects with LC in the AER and 16 (35.5%) of 45 subjects with LC in the remaining RLL (P=0.004) died of LC after a median follow-up of 12 years.

Conclusion:
Our retrospective study indicates that AER might represent a lung region of the RLL prone to have early LC overlooked due to detection or interpretation errors with possible detrimental consequences for the subject undergoing LC screening.
Comparing the EORTC QLQ-LC13, EORTC QLQ-LC29, and the FACT-L for assessment of quality of life in patients with lung cancer - an updated systematic review
Authors: Hircock Caroline , Wang Alyssa J. , Goonaratne Ethan , Sferrazza Dominic , Bottomley Andrew , Cella David , Lee Shing Fung , Chan Adrian W. , Chow Edward , Wong Henry C.Y. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Two commonly used quality of life (QoL) questionnaires in lung cancer patients are the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Lung Cancer 13 (QLQ-LC13) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L). More recently, the EORTC QLQ-LC29 was developed. This systematic review compares the EORTC QLQ-LC29, EORTC QLQ-LC13 and FACT-L in terms of the content, validity and psychometric properties in assessing the QoL of lung cancer patients.

Recent findings
Fourteen studies were included. The EORTC QLQ-LC29 is a 29-item scale that serves as an update of the EORTC QLQ-LC13 to include symptoms from surgery and new targeted therapies. It shows validity, high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity. The FACT-L continues to assess general quality of life and lung cancer-specific symptoms.

Summary
The EORTC QLQ-LC29, EORTC QLQ-LC13, and FACT-L were reviewed to assess their validity in measuring QoL of lung cancer patients. All were found to be sufficiently validated, The choice of which to use should depend on the primary goals of the study.
Managing acute pain with inhaled methoxyflurane in non-cancer patients: a review of the latest evidence
Authors: Patel Partha , Al Aadah Carmen F. , Al Aadah Lelia F. , Wong Henry C.Y. , Lee Shing Fung , Alkhaifi Muna , Finkelstein Joel , Rivlin Leon 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of the review
Penthrox® (inhaled methoxyflurane, IMF) is an inhaled analgesic used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acute pain. It has various advantages including the capacity for being self-administered in the presence of healthcare providers (HCPs), rapid onset and offset, and having documented evidence for minimal adverse events post-use. In a variety of non-oncological settings such as pre-hospital transport and minor outpatient procedures, amongst others, IMF has significantly reduced acute pain. As IMF has the capacity to provide appreciable pain relief but is not as widely used as other acute analgesics (i.e., opioids), this review of past and current literature hopes to explore the impact of inhaled IMF on patient outcomes, procedures where it could be used, and to inform readers about this compound.

Recent findings
In general, patients who used IMF had decreased pain, improved psychosocial factors (i.e., reduced anxiety, improved satisfaction), and minimal adverse events thereby being concluded as safe for use.

Summary
Future use in remote medical interventions such as military contexts, in emergency room settings, and administration under the supervision of first responders such as non-paramedic and non-HCPs further broadens the scope of settings where IMF can meaningfully be implemented.
NucBalancer: Streamlining Barcode Sequence Selection for Optimal Sample Pooling for Sequencing
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Sharma Ankur 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have brought to the forefront the necessity for versatile, cost-effective tools capable of adapting to a rapidly evolving landscape. The emergence of numerous new sequencing platforms, each with unique sample preparation and sequencing requirements, underscores the importance of efficient barcode balancing for successful pooling and accurate demultiplexing of samples. Recently launched new sequencing systems claim better affordability comparable to more established platforms further exemplifies these challenges, especially when libraries originally prepared for one platform need conversion to another. In response to this dynamic environment, we introduce NucBalancer, a Shiny app developed for the optimal selection of barcode sequences. While initially tailored to meet the nucleotide, composition challenges specific to G400 and T7 series sequencers, NucBalancer’s utility significantly broadens to accommodate the varied demands of these new sequencing technologies. Its application is particularly crucial in single-cell genomics, enabling the adaptation of libraries, such as those prepared for 10x technology, to various sequencers including G400 and T7 series sequencers. By facilitating the efficient balancing of nucleotide composition and the accommodation of differing sample concentrations, NucBalancer plays a pivotal role in reducing biases in nucleotide composition. This enhances the fidelity and reliability of NGS data across multiple platforms. As the NGS field continues to expand with the introduction of new sequencing technologies, the adaptability and wide-ranging applicability of NucBalancer render it an invaluable asset in genomic research. This tool addresses the current sequencing challenges ensuring that researchers can effectively balance barcodes for sample pooling regardless of the sequencing platform used.Availability and implementationNucBalancer is implemented in R and is available athttps://github.com/ersgupta/NucBalancer. Additionally, a shiny interface is made available athttps://ersgupta.shinyapps.io/NucBalancer/.
Coagulation factor XII contributes to renin activation, heart failure progression, and mortality
Authors: Gladysheva Inna P. , Sullivan Ryan D. , Saleem Sofiyan , Castellino Francis J. , Ploplis Victoria A. , Reed Guy L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSymptomatic heart failure (sHF) with cardiac dysfunction, edema, and mortality are driven by overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Renin is widely recognized as a key initiator of RAAS function, yet the mechanisms that activate renin remain a mystery. We discovered that activated coagulation factor XII generates active renin in the circulation and is directly linked to pathological activation of the systemic RAAS, development of sHF, and increased mortality. These findings suggest a new paradigm for therapeutically modulating the RAAS in sHF and other pathological conditions.
High-efficiency discovery and structure-activity-relationship analysis of non-substrate-based covalent inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
Authors: Ai Yuanbao , Xu Siyu , Zhang Yan , Liu Zhaoxiang , Liu Sen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTargeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) form covalent bonds with targets following initial non-covalent binding. The advantages of TCIs have driven a resurgence in rational TCI design over the past decade, resulting in the approval of several blockbuster covalent drugs. To support TCI discovery, various computational methods have been developed. However, accurately predicting TCI reactivity remains challenging due to interference between non-covalent scaffolds and reactive warheads, leading to inefficiencies in computational screening and high experimental costs. In this study, we enhanced the SCARdock protocol, a validated computational screening tool developed by our lab, by incorporating quantum chemistry-based warhead reactivity calculations. By integrating these calculations with non-covalent docking scores, docking ranks, and bonding-atom distances, non-covalent and covalent inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) were correctly classified. Using the optimized SCARdock, we successfully identified twelve new AdoMetDC covalent inhibitors from 17 compounds, achieving a 70.6% hit rate. From these novel inhibitors, we analyzed the contributions of non-covalent interactions and covalent bonding, enabling a structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis for AdoMetDC covalent inhibitors, which was previously unexplored with substrate-based inhibitors. Overall, this work presents an efficient computational protocol for TCI discovery and offers new insights into AdoMetDC inhibitor design. We anticipate that this approach will stimulate TCI development by improving computational screening efficiency and reducing experimental costs.