bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity Evidence for the Neuro-Endoscopic Ventriculostomy Assessment Tool (NEVAT)
Authors: Breimer Gerben E. , Haji Faizal A. , Cinalli Giuseppe , Hoving Eelco W. , Drake James M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Growing demand for transparent and standardized methods for evaluating surgical competence prompted the construction of the Neuro-Endoscopic Ventriculostomy Assessment Tool (NEVAT).

OBJECTIVE: To provide validity evidence of the NEVAT by reporting on the tool's internal structure and its relationship with surgical expertise during simulation-based training.

METHODS: The NEVAT was used to assess performance of trainees and faculty at an international neuroendoscopy workshop. All participants performed an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) on a synthetic simulator. Participants were simultaneously scored by 2 raters using the NEVAT procedural checklist and global rating scale (GRS). Evidence of internal structure was collected by calculating interrater reliability and internal consistency of raters' scores. Evidence of relationships with other variables was collected by comparing the ETV performance of experts, experienced trainees, and novices using Jonckheere's test (evidence of construct validity).

RESULTS: Thirteen experts, 11 experienced trainees, and 10 novices participated. The interrater reliability by the intraclass correlation coefficient for the checklist and GRS was 0.82 and 0.94, respectively. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) for the checklist and the GRS was 0.74 and 0.97, respectively. Median scores with interquartile range on the checklist and GRS for novices, experienced trainees, and experts were 0.69 (0.58-0.86), 0.85 (0.63-0.89), and 0.85 (0.81-0.91) and 3.1 (2.5-3.8), 3.7 (2.2-4.3) and 4.6 (4.4-4.9), respectively. Jonckheere's test showed that the median checklist and GRS score increased with performer expertise (P = .04 and .002, respectively).

CONCLUSION: This study provides validity evidence for the NEVAT to support its use as a standardized method of evaluating neuroendoscopic competence during simulation-based training.
Attention Allocation in Information-Rich Environments: The Case of News Aggregators
Authors: Dellarocas Chrysanthos , Sutanto Juliana , Calin Mihai , Palme Elia 
Published: December 2015

News aggregators have emerged as an important component of digital content ecosystems, attracting traffic by hosting curated collections of links to third-party content, but also inciting conflict with content producers. Aggregators provide titles and short summaries (snippets) of articles they link to. Content producers claim that their presence deprives them of traffic that would otherwise flow to their sites. In light of this controversy, we conduct a series of field experiments whose objective is to provide insight with respect to how readers allocate their attention between a news aggregator and the original articles it links to. Our experiments are based on manipulating elements of the user interface of a Swiss mobile news aggregator. We examine how key design parameters, such as the length of the text snippet that an aggregator displays about articles, the presence of associated images, and the number of related articles on the same story, affect a reader’s propensity to visit the content producer’s site and read the full article. Our findings suggest the presence of a substitution relationship between the amount of information that aggregators offer about articles and the probability that readers will opt to read the full articles at the content producer sites. Interestingly, however, when several related article outlines compete for user attention, a longer snippet and the inclusion of an image increase the probability that an article will be chosen over its competitors. This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
An Empirical Model of Drug Detailing: Dynamic Competition and Policy Implications
Authors: Liu Qiang , Gupta Sachin , Venkataraman Sriram , Liu Hongju 
Published: December 2015

The practice of detailing in the marketing of prescription drugs is undergoing significant changes. For instance, in September 2013, the Physician Payment Sunshine Act went into full effect. The accompanying transparency requirements have prompted physician practices and hospitals to severely restrict pharmaceutical sales representatives’ direct access to their physicians. Despite all the attention in the popular press, scant scholarly research has investigated how these restrictions on physician access impact physician prescription behavior and competitive detailing to physicians. To analyze the impact of these restrictions, we develop a structural model of how pharmaceutical firms compete dynamically to schedule detailing to physicians. Detailing activities are known to have significant carryover effects that are captured in a first-stage model of physicians’ demand for prescription drugs. We also specify detailing policy functions that describe each firm’s observed detailing actions. In a second stage, we estimate a model that describes costs of detailing, assuming that the observed detailing levels are consistent with a Markov perfect Nash equilibrium. The estimated structural model is used to examine the implications of restrictions on the amount of detailing via counterfactual simulations. We find that restriction policies would increase the market share of a nondrug-treatment-only option but impact firms asymmetrically; firms that are strong in detailing and/or rely more on detailing would be hurt more. Unexpectedly, a policy that imposes a ceiling on detailing frequency could significantly reduce detailing of all firms in the market, including those firms with average detailing levels below the ceiling, and effectively would soften competition between firms and enhance their profits. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Reducing the pathogen burden and promoting healing with polyhexanide in non-healing wounds: a prospective study
Authors: Çeviker K. , Canikoğlu M. , Tatlıoğlu S. , Bağdatlı Y. 
Published: December 2015

Objective: Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a novel wound antiseptic solution that has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and wound healing promoting effect, with minimal side effects. The aim of present study was to demonstrate the efficacy of the PHMB on the bacterial burden of non-healing wounds, the reduction in wound size or closure of the wound in comparison to Ringer's lactate solution (RLS) after 21 days of wound dressing. A second objective was to investigate the differences in the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and white blood cell (WBC) counts between the two groups. Method: In this prospective and open-cohort clinical study, patients who underwent cardiac surgery between July 2006 and August 2008 were included and placed in one of two groups, PHMB or RLS, by the block randomisation method. A wound care team, consisting of two surgeons, a wound care nurse and a microbiologist, was created. Classic moist dressings and wet compresses during dressing changes were applied at least once a day or as needed. During the 21 days of hospitalisation the team collected data on the wound healing status daily, on infection parameters every third day, and wound tissue for culture weekly. Results: There were 40 patients recruited of which 9 were excluded, leaving 31 in the intention-to-treat analysis. Of these 15 received PHMB and 16 received RLS. Overall 17 of 31 (66.7% PHMB group, 43.8% RLS group, p=0.181) patients were treated successfully by closure of surgically sutured wounds or healing by secondary intention, the wound tissue cultures of 19 of 31 patients (47.4% PHMB, 52.6% RLS, p=0.886) were negative, and wound size of all the patients were significantly reduced in clinical observations. Although the CRP levels were reduced significantly within group comparisons in both groups (p<0.001), it was significantly lower after 12 days (p<0.05) in the PHMB group compared with the RLS group. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasise that the successful treatment of chronic non-healing wounds require a multidisciplinary team approach under the control of a wound care specialist. Whatever the disinfectant used, consistency in the approach to treatment may be more important. We suggest that increasing the use of PHMB and adoption of this team approach in other cardiac centres or other populations may decrease the healing period, especially in chronic non-healing wounds.
Reconstructive vascular surgery and the extent of tissue damage due to diabetic foot ulcers relates to risk of new ulceration in patients with PAD
Authors: Elgzyri T. , Larsson J. , Nyberg P. , Thörne J. , Eriksson K-F. , Apelqvist J. 
Published: December 2015

Objective: There is limited information regarding new ulceration following the healing of ischaemic foot ulcers in diabetic patients. Our aim is to study new ulcerations in the same foot as the previous ulcer(s) in patients with diabetes and severe peripheral artery disease (PAD). Method: Patients with diabetes and severe PAD who healed from previous ulcer(s) (Wagner grade 1–5, at or below the ankle), were recruited for the prospective study from the time of healing of their ulcer. Patients were followed up regarding new ulceration, and their treatments and ulcer status noted either directly or on examination of medical records. Results: We analysed the data on 602 patients with diabetes and severe PAD with healed foot ulcers, either primarily (n=443, 74%) or after minor amputation (n=159, 26%). Of these 51% (n=305) had revascularisation before healing from the previous ulcer, 34% (n=202) developed a new ulcer on the same foot within 15 months (range 0–106). Amputation was required by 22% (n=45) of patients, with a new ulcer on the same foot. The median survival time of all patients (n=602) was 54 months. By regression analysis, a low maximal Wagner grade for the previous ulcer and reconstructive vascular surgery was related to a decreased risk of developing new ulcers in the same foot. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes and ischaemic foot ulcers have a high-risk for developing new ulcers and amputation in the same foot after healing. The extent of tissue involvement in the previous ulcer and reconstructive vascular surgery affected the risk for development of new ulcers.
Analytic Challenges Arising from the STOP CRC Trial: Pragmatic Solutions for
Pragmatic Problems
Authors: Vollmer William M. , Green Beverly B. , Coronado Gloria D. 
Published: December 2015

Context: Pragmatic trials lack the relatively tight quality control of traditional
efficacy studies and hence may pose added analytic challenges owing to the practical
realities faced in carrying them out.Case Description: STOP CRC is a cluster randomized
trial testing the effectiveness of automated, electronic medical record (EMR)-driven
strategies to raise colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates in safety net clinics.
Screen-eligible participants were accrued during year 1 and followed for 12 months
(measurement window) to assess completion of a fecal screening test. Control clinics
implemented the intervention in year 2.Implementation Challenges/Analytic Issues: Due to
limitations on how we could build the intervention tools, the overlap of the year 1
measurement windows with year 2 intervention rollout posed a potential for contamination
of the primary outcome for control participants. In addition, a variety of factors led
to a lack of synchronization of the measurement windows with actual intervention
delivery. In both cases, the net impact of these factors would be to diminish the
estimated impact of the intervention.Proposed Solutions: We dealt with the overlap issue
by delaying the start of intervention rollout to control clinics in year 2 by 6 months
and by truncating the measurement windows for intervention and control participants at
this point. In addition we formulated three sensitivity analyses to help address the
issue of asynchronization.Conclusion: This case study might help other investigators
facing similar challenges think about such issues and the pros and cons of various
strategies for dealing with them.
Risk Factors for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infections and Strategies to Decrease Readmissions in a Community Hospital
Authors: Majors Darrin , Ellis Patrick 
Published: December 2015

Background Currently there are no universally accepted approaches for the prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) following the initial infection. Several studies have identified common risk factors for the emergence of recurrent CDI. Identifying patients at high risk for recurrent CDI through the assessment of risk factors at initial diagnosis could enable health care providers to optimize available treatment options. A vancomycin hydrochloride–tapered regimen may be an effective treatment option for the prevention of recurrent CDI following the initial infection. Methods In this single-center, prospective study, we examined the efficacy of orally administered vancomycin-tapered regimens for the prevention of recurrent CDI in high-risk patients. High-risk patients were identified using patient risk factors found in a retrospective chart review. The primary objective was to decrease hospital readmissions for recurrent CDI. The secondary objective was to improve the discharge coordination-of-care process by providing a pharmacy benefits evaluation, which ensured vancomycin affordability and assistance in prescription attainment, and discharge counseling. Results Of the 83 patients enrolled in the study, 5 experienced recurrent CDI (6%). Memorial Health Care System's (Chattanooga, Tennessee) historical recurrent CDI rate was 8.2%. Thirty-one of the 83 patients received a vancomycin-tapered regimen following their initial infection (37%). A pharmacy benefits evaluation was performed on 35 of the 57 patients who were discharged home on vancomycin (61%). Conclusions Vancomycin-tapered regimens may provide a cost-effective method for the prevention of recurrent CDI following an initial infection in patients at high risk for recurrence.
Taking an Antibiotic Time-out: Utilization and Usability of a Self-Stewardship Time-out Program for Renewal of Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam
Authors: Graber Christopher J. , Jones Makoto M. , Glassman Peter A. , Weir Charlene , Butler Jorie , Nechodom Kevin , Kay Chad L. , Furman Amy E. , Tran Thuong T. , Foltz Christopher , Pollack Lori A. , Samore Matthew H. , Goetz Matthew Bidwell 
Published: December 2015

Background Antibiotic time-outs can promote critical thinking and greater attention to reviewing indications for continuation. Objective We pilot tested an antibiotic time-out program at a tertiary care teaching hospital where vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam continuation past day 3 had previously required infectious diseases service approval. Methods The time-out program consisted of 3 components: (1) an electronic antimicrobial dashboard that aggregated infection-relevant clinical data; (2) a templated note in the electronic medical record that included a structured review of antibiotic indications and that provided automatic approval of continuation of therapy when indicated; and (3) an educational and social marketing campaign. Results In the first 6 months of program implementation, vancomycin was discontinued by day 5 in 93/145 (64%) courses where a time-out was performed on day 4 versus in 96/199 (48%) 1 year prior ( P = .04). Seven vancomycin continuations via template (5% of time-outs) were guideline-discordant by retrospective chart review versus none 1 year prior ( P = .002). Piperacillin-tazobactam was discontinued by day 5 in 70/105 (67%) courses versus 58/93 (62%) 1 year prior ( P = .55); 9 continuations (9% of time-outs) were guideline-discordant versus two 1 year prior ( P = .06). A usability survey completed by 32 physicians demonstrated modest satisfaction with the overall program, antimicrobial dashboard, and renewal templates. Conclusions By providing practitioners with clinical informatics support and guidance, the intervention increased provider confidence in making decisions to de-escalate antimicrobial therapy in ambiguous circumstances wherein they previously sought authorization for continuation from an antimicrobial steward.
National Survey regarding the Importance of Leadership in PGY1 Pharmacy Practice Residency Training
Authors: Cho Jonathan C. , Girnys Jonathan P. 
Published: December 2015

Background Leadership is considered a professional obligation for all pharmacists. It is important to integrate leadership training in residency programs to meet the leadership needs and requirements of the profession. Objective To evaluate the importance of leadership development during postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy practice residency training as perceived by new practitioners. Methods A 15-question online survey was distributed to residency-trained new practitioners to assess (1) amount of time dedicated to leadership training during residency training, (2) different leadership tools utilized, (3) residents’ participation in various committees or councils, (4) perceived benefit of increased leadership training, (5) importance of having a mentor, (6) understanding of the residency organization's strategic objectives, (7) discussion of Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative (PPMI) during residency training, and (8) adequacy of leadership training in preparation to become a pharmacy practice leader. Results Although the majority of resident respondents had less than 20% of their residency devoted to leadership, nearly all survey participants acknowledged that leadership is an important component of PGY1 residency training. Residents agreed that their residency experience would have benefited from increased leadership opportunities. Most residents were knowledgeable about their organization's strategic objectives but did not have a full understanding of pharmacy initiatives such as the PPMI. Conclusion Feedback from residents indicates that an optimal dedication to leadership training would range between 20% and 30% of the residency year. Increased focus on PPMI, mentorship, and expanded use of leadership tools can serve as a way to help meet the future leadership needs of the pharmacy profession and help to better prepare residents to become pharmacy practice leaders.
Pharmacist Advancement of Transitions of Care to Home (PATCH) Service
Authors: Trang Joseph , Martinez Amanda , Aslam Sadaf , Duong Minh-Tri 
Published: December 2015

Background There is a paucity of literature on a well-defined role of a pharmacist in different aspects of transition of care service (TCS). Although health care institutions have specific details on the discharge process, there is a need for a sustainable TCS with a well-defined role of pharmacists. Objective To describe the impact of a pharmacist-led TCS on acute health care utilization, clinic quality indicators, and identification and resolution of medication-related problems (MRPs). Methods A pharmacist-managed TCS service, referred to as the Pharmacist Advancement of Transitions of Care to Home (PATCH) service, was established at an academic medical center, where high-risk patients received a postdischarge phone call from a pharmacist followed by a face-to-face meeting with the pharmacist and the patient's primary care provider (PCP). In a prospective transitions of care group ( n = 74), outcomes of patients such as acute health care utilization (an emergency department visit or an inpatient readmission, within 30 days post discharge), clinic quality indicators, and identification and resolution of MRPs were compared to a retrospective control group ( n = 87) who received the standard of care. Results Utilization of acute health care services was significantly lower in the prospective group compared to the retrospective control group (23% vs 41.4%; P = .013). A total of 49 MRPs were discovered in patients who received the TCS. Conclusions Pharmacists play an integral role in improving the transitions of care to reduce acute health care utilization. In addition, they may improve care transitions by optimizing clinic quality indicators and by identifying and resolving MRPs.
Torn designer jeans against fast fashion
Authors: Honigman Ana Finel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this article, I argue that the qualities distinguishing luxury fashion from its ‘fast fashion’ imitators are conceptually akin to the subversive street-statements which inspire both catwalk designers and mass retailers. To demonstrate how designers’ catwalk creations and counterculture street-style share inherent conceptual qualities that are contrary to fast fashion, I illustrate my argument with the example of ripped denim and tears or holes in other fabrics. While scholars offer insight into the sociological, aesthetic and ideological importance of ripped denim, lesser attention has gone towards examining high-end designers’ artful tearing of opulent fabrics in their catwalk collections. This article discusses the origins of this style and examines the meaning of tears in five influential designers’ representative catwalk collections: Rei Kawakubo (for A/W Comme des Garçons, 1982), Marc Jacobs (for Perry Ellis, SS ‘92), Ann-Sofie Back (A/W ‘08), Rodarte (A/W ‘08) and Ashish (S/S ’14). By examining these collections, I analyse the ascent of the tear as a story of fashion functioning as art and social commentary. Although street-style and catwalk garments function as fodder for fast fashion trends, this article argues that individuals who wear their jeans to threads and designers who painstakingly craft handmade holes are aligned in making conceptual counterpoints to fast fashion. Contrary to fast fashion that relies on commercial considerations, it is only designer fashion that can participate in the critical discourse about fashion. It does so by reflecting subcultural anti-materialist viewpoints, or making anti-consumerist statements.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Tseëlon Efrat , Shorter Mark 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Lyndal Walker, Silk Cut: The F Word, Ararat State Gallery, Ararat, Victoria, Australia, 21 August–12 October 2014; Benglis 73/74, TCB, Melbourne Australia, 1–18 October 2014; The Invitation, hangmenProjects, Stockholm, Sweden, 16–19 April 2015; Supermarket Independent Art Fair, hangmenProjects Stand, Stockholm, Sweden, 16–19 April 2015
David Bowie is, Australian Centre for the Moving Image, Melbourne, Australia, 16 July–1 November 2015