bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recorded diagnosis of overweight/obesity in primary care is linked to obesity care performance rates
Authors: Shalitin Shlomit , Phillip Moshe , Yackobovitch-Gavan Michal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Periodical BMI measurement during visits with primary care pediatricians (PCP) can be central to diagnosing, managing, and treating overweight/obesity. The aim was to evaluate among children and adolescents with similar BMI percentiles, whether recording a formal diagnosis by PCP, of overweight/obesity is associated with improved performance rates of obesity-related care.

Methods
The electronic database of the largest health maintenance organization in Israel was searched for all patients aged 2–18 years with BMI recorded at a visit with the PCP during 2017–2023. Among children with BMI percentiles consistent with overweight/obesity, performance rates of obesity care were compared between those with a recorded diagnosis of “overweight”/“obesity” placed by the PCP, and those with similar BMI percentiles without these recorded diagnoses.

Results
Among children with versus without recorded diagnoses of overweight/ obesity, rates were higher of referrals for screening measurements for obesity-related comorbidities, for dietitian and endocrine counseling, of performing subsequent BMI measurements, and of prescribing anti-obesity medications (p < 0.001 for all). Obesity-related comorbidities were more prevalent among those with than without recorded diagnoses (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Beyond BMI measurement, a recorded diagnosis of overweight/obesity by a PCP is linked to higher rates of obesity care performance and interventions, which may improve clinical outcomes.

Impact statement

BMI measurement during visits with primary care pediatricians (PCP) can be central to diagnosing, managing, and treating overweight/obesity.

We evaluated among children and adolescents with similar BMI percentiles, whether recording a formal diagnosis by PCP, of overweight/obesity is associated with improved performance rates of obesity-related care.

We found that among children with versus without recorded diagnoses of overweight/obesity, rates were higher of referrals for screening measurements for obesity-related comorbidities, for dietitian and endocrine counseling, and of prescribing anti-obesity medications.

Therefore, PCP should increase rates of recording diagnoses of overweight/obesity, to promote screening for obesity-related comorbidities, and aim to treat obesity as a chronic disease.
Exploring lifestyle components and associated factors in newly injured individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Haldemann Muriel , Stojic Stevan , Eriks-Hoogland Inge , Stoyanov Jivko , Hund-Georgiadis Margret , Perret Claudio , Glisic Marija 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Study design
Cross-sectional analysis from the Inception Cohort of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Study (SwiSCI).

Objectives
To describe five lifestyle components in newly injured individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), explore co-occurrence of these components, and identify associated personal and clinical factors.

Settings
Initial rehabilitation stay following traumatic and non-traumatic SCI.

Methods
Lifestyle components including overweight/obesity, low diet score, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were used independently and to calculate a composite lifestyle score. Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, co-occurrence analysis, and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
We included 251 individuals, of whom 77.7% were male, 73.7% suffered from traumatic SCI, and 59.8% had paraplegia. The median age was 51 years (IQR 36–64). Approximately twelve weeks after the injury, more than two-thirds of the study population met the criteria for overweight/obesity, and consumed insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables, and excessive amounts of meat. Alcohol was consumed by 85.3% of individuals, and 26.8% were current smokers. Almost all study participants met the physical activity guidelines (90 min of moderate to strenuous activity physical activity per week). One-quarter of study participants experienced the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity, low diet score and alcohol consumption. Female sex, younger age and higher education were associated with healthier lifestyle components.

Conclusion
Despite methodological limitations, this study underscores the complexities of healthy lifestyle adherence among individuals newly injured with SCI. It highlights the necessity of improving and implementing screening strategies throughout the continuum of SCI care as early as possible following the trauma.
Type 17 immunity: novel insights into intestinal homeostasis and autoimmune pathogenesis driven by gut-primed T cells
Authors: Ohara Daiya , Takeuchi Yusuke , Hirota Keiji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe IL-23 signaling pathway in both innate and adaptive immune cells is vital for orchestrating type 17 immunity, which is marked by the secretion of signature cytokines such as IL-17, IL-22, and GM-CSF. These proinflammatory mediators play indispensable roles in maintaining intestinal immune equilibrium and mucosal host defense; however, their involvement has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and autoimmunity. However, the implications of type 17 immunity across diverse inflammation models are complex. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted roles of these cytokines in maintaining gut homeostasis and in perturbing gut barrier integrity, leading to acute and chronic inflammation in various models of gut infection and colitis. Additionally, this review focuses on type 17 immunity interconnecting multiple organs in autoimmune conditions, with a particular emphasis on the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis and neuroinflammation driven by T cells primed within the gut microenvironment.
Is there dietary macronutrient malabsorption in children with environmental enteropathy?
Authors: Shivakumar Nirupama , Morrison Douglas J. , Hegde Shalini G. , Kurpad Anura V. , Kelly Paul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAssessing the digestive and absorptive capacity of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) using minimally- or non-invasive methods, particularly in children, has been difficult owing to the complex physiology and variability in functional measurements. However, measuring GIT function is increasingly important with the emerging relevance of childhood environmental enteropathy (EE) as a mediating factor in linear growth faltering, severe acute malnutrition, poor oral vaccine uptake and impaired cognition. In EE, sub-optimal nutrient digestion and absorption (malabsorption) forms the critical link to the conditions mentioned above. The present narrative review discusses probable mechanisms that can cause malabsorption of macronutrients, along with mechanistic and experimental evidence, in children (if not, in adults) with EE. The strengths and limitations of the human experimental studies are examined in relation to a battery of existing and potential tests that are used to measure malabsorption. From the available studies conducted in children, lactose and fat malabsorption are more likely to occur in EE. Breath tests (non-invasive) measuring carbohydrate (13C-starch/sucrose/lactose), fat (13C-mixed triglyceride) and dipeptide (benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-L-1-13C-alanine) malabsorption with modifications to the existing protocols seem suitable for use in children with EE. Future research should focus on understanding the degree of macronutrient malabsorption using these tests, in different settings, and link them to functional outcomes (such as growth, muscle strength, cognition).
Development of folate receptor targeting chimeras for cancer selective degradation of extracellular proteins
Authors: Zhou Yaxian , Li Chunrong , Chen Xuankun , Zhao Yuan , Liao Yaxian , Huang Penghsuan , Wu Wenxin , Nieto Nicholas S. , Li Lingjun , Tang Weiping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTargeted protein degradation has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality to treat human diseases by utilizing the cell’s own disposal systems to remove protein target. Significant clinical benefits have been observed for degrading many intracellular proteins. Recently, the degradation of extracellular proteins in the lysosome has been developed. However, there have been limited successes in selectively degrading protein targets in disease-relevant cells or tissues, which would greatly enhance the development of precision medicine. Additionally, most degraders are not readily available due to their complexity. We report a class of easily accessible Folate Receptor TArgeting Chimeras (FRTACs) to recruit the folate receptor, primarily expressed on malignant cells, to degrade extracellular soluble and membrane cancer-related proteins in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that FRTAC is a general platform for developing more precise and effective chemical probes and therapeutics for the study and treatment of cancers.
The Global Dam Watch database of river barrier and reservoir information for large-scale applications
Authors: Lehner Bernhard , Beames Penny , Mulligan Mark , Zarfl Christiane , De Felice Luca , van Soesbergen Arnout , Thieme Michele , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Anand Mira , Belletti Barbara , Brauman Kate A. , Januchowski-Hartley Stephanie R. , Lyon Kimberly , Mandle Lisa , Mazany-Wright Nick , Messager Mathis L. , Pavelsky Tamlin , Pekel Jean-François , Wang Jida , Wen Qingke , Wishart Marcus , Xing Tianqi , Yang Xiao , Higgins Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere are millions of river barriers worldwide, ranging from wooden locks to concrete dams, many of which form associated impoundments to store water in small ponds or large reservoirs. Besides their benefits, there is growing recognition of important environmental and social trade-offs related to these artificial structures. However, global datasets describing their characteristics and geographical distribution are often biased towards particular regions or specific applications, such as hydropower dams affecting fish migration, and are thus not globally consistent. Here, we present a new river barrier and reservoir database developed by the Global Dam Watch (GDW) consortium that integrates, harmonizes, and augments existing global datasets to support large-scale analyses. Data curation involved extensive quality control processes to create a single, globally consistent data repository of instream barriers and reservoirs that are co-registered to a digital river network. Version 1.0 of the GDW database contains 41,145 barrier locations and 35,295 associated reservoir polygons representing a cumulative storage capacity of 7,420 km3 and an artificial terrestrial surface water area of 304,600 km2.
GaitRec-VR: 3D Gait Analysis for Walking Overground with and without a Head-Mounted-Display in Virtual Reality
Authors: Simonlehner Mark , Dumphart Bernhard , Horsak Brian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis data descriptor introduces GaitRec-VR, a 3D gait analysis dataset consisting of 20 healthy participants (9 males, 11 females, age range 21–56) walking at self-selected speeds in a real-world laboratory and the virtual reality (VR) replicas of this laboratory. Utilizing a head-mounted display and a 12-camera motion capture system alongside a synchronized force plate, the dataset encapsulates real and virtual walking experiences. A direct kinematic model and an inverse dynamic approach were employed for kinematics and computation of joint moments respectively, with an average of 23 ± 6 steps for kinematics and five clean force plate strikes per participant for kinetic analysis. GaitRec-VR facilitates a deeper understanding of human movement in virtual environments, particularly focusing on dynamic balance during walking in healthy adults, crucial for effective VR applications in clinical settings. The dataset, available in both.c3d and.csv formats, allows further exploration into VR’s impact on gait, bridging the gap between physical and virtual locomotion.
ProstateZones – Segmentations of the prostatic zones and urethra for the PROSTATEx dataset
Authors: Holmlund William , Simkó Attila , Söderkvist Karin , Palásti Péter , Tótin Szilvia , Kalmár Kamilla , Domoki Zsófia , Fejes Zsuzsanna , Kincses Zsigmond Tamás , Brynolfsson Patrik , Nyholm Tufve 
Published: October 2024

AbstractManual segmentations are considered the gold standard for ground truth in machine learning applications. Such tasks are tedious and time-consuming, albeit necessary to train reliable models. In this work, we present a dataset with expert segmentations of the prostatic zones and urethra for 200 randomly selected patients from the PROSTATEx dataset. Notably, independent duplicate segmentations were performed for 40 patients, providing inter-reader variability data. This results in a total of 240 segmentations. This dataset can be used to train machine learning models or serve as an external test set for evaluating models trained on private data, thereby addressing a current gap in the field. The delineated structures and terminology adhere to the latest Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems v2.1 guidelines, ensuring consistency.
Orthopedic disease classification based on breadth-first search algorithm
Authors: Elshewey Ahmed M. , Osman Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrthopedic diseases are widespread worldwide, impacting the body’s musculoskeletal system, particularly those involving bones or hips. They have the potential to cause discomfort and impair functionality. This paper aims to address the lack of supplementary diagnostics in orthopedics and improve the method of diagnosing orthopedic diseases. The study uses binary breadth-first search (BBFS), binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), binary grey wolf optimizer (BGWO), and binary whale optimization algorithm (BWAO) for feature selections, and the BBFS makes an average error of 47.29% less than others. Then we apply six machine learning models, i.e., RF, SGD, NBC, DC, QDA, and ET. The dataset used contains 310 instances and six distinct features. Through experimentation, the RF model led to optimal outcomes during comparison to the remaining models, with an accuracy of 91.4%. The parameters of the RF model were optimized using four optimization algorithms: BFS, PSO, WAO, and GWO. To check how well the optimized RF works on the dataset, this paper uses prediction evaluation metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F-score, and the AUC curve. The results showed that the BFS-RF can improve the performance of the original classifier compared with others with 99.41% accuracy.
Damage-associated molecular patterns in bacteraemic infection, including a comparative analysis with bacterial DNA, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern
Authors: Alpkvist Helena , Ziegler Ingrid , Mölling Paula , Tina Elisabet , Sellvén Linnea , Norrby-Teglund Anna , Cajander Sara , Strålin Kristoffer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDamage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are key triggers of inflammation in sepsis. However, they have rarely been studied simultaneously. Thus, in the present study of patients with bacteraemic infection, we aimed to study how DAMP dynamics are linked to disease severity and outcome and to compare diagnostic and prognostic properties of a DAMP and a previously analysed PAMP (16S rDNA). In a prospective study of adult patients hospitalized with culture-proven community-onset bacteraemic infection, caused by Streptococcus pneumonia (n = 30), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 27), or Escherichia coli (n = 26), dynamics of a PAMP, i.e. 16S rDNA, have previously been presented. For the present study, blood samples obtained on hospital days 1–2 (when blood culture was positive), 3–4, 7 ± 1, 14 ± 2, and 28 ± 4 were analysed for four different DAMPs, i.e., nuclear DNA (nDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), and extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Sepsis was defined according to the Sepsis-3 criteria. The study outcomes were sepsis at admission and negative outcome, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or death within 60 days. Of 83 study patients, sepsis was noted in 41 patients (49%) and a negative outcome was noted in 17 patients (20%). nDNA had areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of 0.78 for sepsis and 0.76 for negative outcome, which were higher than those of the other DAMPs and additional biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10). The nDNA and positive 16S rDNA results on day 1–2 were correlated with each other (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that high day 1–2 concentrations of both nDNA and 16S rDNA were independently associated with sepsis. In addition, high day 1–2 concentration of nDNA was independently associated with negative outcomes. While 16S rDNA dissipated from the circulation within days, nDNA concentrations remained elevated throughout the follow-up period in patients with negative outcome. In conclusion, nDNA outperformed the other DAMPs regarding sepsis detection and outcome prediction. Both nDNA (a DAMP) and 16S rDNA (a PAMP) were independently linked to sepsis; nDNA was also associated with negative outcomes and persisted elevated in such cases. This highlights nDNA as an interesting marker within sepsis pathogenesis and as a promising clinical biomarker, warranting further studies.
CMIP6 models project a shrinking precipitation area
Authors: Dobler Andreas , Benestad Rasmus E. , Lussana Cristian , Landgren Oskar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReanalysis and satellite data indicate a decreasing precipitation area in recent decades, affecting local water resources and precipitation intensities. We have used CMIP6 simulations to test the hypothesis of a shrinking precipitation area in a warming climate. Our analyses reveal that SSP5-8.5 projections show a robust decrease in the precipitation area between 50 °S and 50 °N, and globally in 75% of the simulations. The new findings support the observed relationship, although to a lesser extent than earlier found in reanalysis and satellite data. We find a poleward shift of precipitation, increasing the daily precipitation area in the Arctic from 18% to 28%. At lower latitudes the precipitation area is reduced due to a decreasing occurrence of precipitation. These changes are related to the expansion of low relative humidity zones in the lower-to-mid troposphere, specifically at the poleward edges of the subtropics.
Food Compass 2.0 is an improved nutrient profiling system to characterize healthfulness of foods and beverages
Authors: Barrett Eden M. , Shi Peilin , Blumberg Jeffrey B. , O’Hearn Meghan , Micha Renata , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFood Compass is a nutrient profiling system used to assess the healthfulness of diverse foods, beverages and meals. Here we present a revised version of Food Compass (Food Compass 2.0) incorporating new data on specific ingredients and the latest diet–health evidence. Food Compass 2.0 has been validated against health outcomes in a population from the United States and demonstrates enhanced ability to characterize foods and beverages based on their healthfulness.
LSPR-enhanced photocatalytic N2 fixation over Z-scheme POMOF-derived Cu/WO2 modified C-BiOBr with multiple active sites
Authors: Yang Xue , Cui Donghui , Zhang Tingting , Liu Yu , Li Fengyan 
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we successfully prepared a Z-scheme Cu/WO2/C-BOB heterostructure with LSPR effect for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation reaction, which provides a new idea for the study of plasma Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.
Conflict Adaptation in Aphasia: Upregulating Cognitive Control for Improved Sentence Comprehension
Authors: Krason Anna , Middleton Erica L. , Ambrogi Matthew E. P. , Thothathiri Malathi 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
This study investigated conflict adaptation in aphasia, specifically whether upregulating cognitive control improves sentence comprehension.

Method:
Four individuals with mild aphasia completed four eye tracking sessions with interleaved auditory Stroop and sentence-to-picture matching trials (critical and filler sentences). Auditory Stroop congruency (congruent/incongruent across a male/female voice saying “boy”/“girl”) was crossed with sentence congruency (syntactically correct sentences that are semantically plausible/implausible), resulting in four experimental conditions (congruent auditory Stroop followed by incongruent sentence [CI], incongruent auditory Stroop followed by incongruent sentence [II], congruent auditory Stroop followed by congruent sentence [CC], and incongruent auditory Stroop followed by congruent sentence [IC]). Critical sentences were always preceded by auditory Stroop trials. At the end of each session, a five-item questionnaire was administered to assess overall well-being and fatigue. We conducted individual-level mixed-effects regressions on reaction times and growth curve analyses on the proportion of eye fixations to target pictures during incongruent sentences.

Results:
One participant showed conflict adaptation indicated by faster reaction times on active sentences and more rapid growth in fixations to target pictures on passive sentences in the II condition compared to the CI condition. Incongruent auditory Stroop also modulated active-sentence processing in an additional participant, as indicated by eye movements.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to observe conflict adaptation in sentence comprehension in people with aphasia. The extent of adaptation varied across individuals. Eye tracking revealed subtler effects than overt behavioral measures. The results extend the study of conflict adaptation beyond neurotypical adults and suggest that upregulating cognitive control may be a potential treatment avenue for some individuals with aphasia.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27056149
Modeling and analysis of propagation characteristics of WBAN in hospital ward scenarios
Authors: Yang Lihua , Wei Suwan , Ma Jiawen , Xue Han , Sun Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo explore the feasibility of high‐frequency indoor wireless body area network (WBAN) communications, the propagation characteristics of WBAN in simulated hospital ward scenarios at 11 GHz are studied. Based on the extensive measured data, the impact of the patient's lying angle (LA) on channel characteristics has been analyzed, such as statistical characteristics of path loss (PL), shadowing effect, and root mean square delay spread. Moreover, a PL model with LA factor is presented for the hospital ward scene, and the influence of LA on PL in the presence of height difference is also analyzed. The research results indicate that, the PL caused by LA (abbreviated as PLA) follows a power function with respect to the LA in case of a fixed distance between the transmitter and receiver. When the LA is fixed, PLA exhibits a cubic function relationship with the distance between the transmitter and receiver. In addition, the presence of patient's LA can cause more significant multipath effect. However, the impact of LA gradually weakens as the height difference increases when there is a height difference. The research results provide a theoretical basis and practical basis for utilizing the 11 GHz frequency band in indoor WBAN in the future.