bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health professional online development (MHPOD): Pilot testing of an online training package for Australian specialist mental health services
Authors: Nicholas Angela , Day Susan , Pirkis Jane , Harvey Carol Ann 
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Australia’s National Practice Standards for the Mental Health Workforce (“The Standards”) outline the values, attitudes, knowledge and skills required to work in Australian mental health services. Mental health professionals are encouraged to meet these standards within 2 years of commencing practice. Mental health professional online development (MHPOD) is a multidisciplinary, self-directed, online learning resource focused on increasing the knowledge, skills and confidence of professionals across Australia related to The Standards. This paper outlines the evaluation of the MHPOD pilot, which aimed to identify changes in self-rated knowledge, skills and confidence as a result of using MHPOD, and actions to improve implementation of MHPOD nationally. Methods: Eleven Australian specialist mental health services engaged on-site project teams to assist 392 learners to complete 10 MHPOD topics. At three time points (baseline, topic completion, follow-up), learners completed surveys regarding completion of topics, barriers and facilitators to completion and before- and after-completion levels of perceived knowledge, skills and confidence. Statistical analyses included matched samples t-tests and comparisons of confidence intervals related to mean level of knowledge at the three survey points. Results: Learners who completed post-completion surveys reported significant increases in self-rated knowledge, skills and confidence related to The Standards following MHPOD completion. Lack of organisational support, no time release and technological difficulties contributed to greater difficulties with completion. Discussion: The evaluation results illustrate self-directed online learning can be a useful multidisciplinary educational tool when a standardised body of knowledge is required. The identified barriers to completion illustrate that instrumental organisational support is essential to completion of such professional development.
Unconscious bias and the value of training for medical students
Authors: Graham Lori , Graham Anna , West Courtney 
Published: July 2016

The term unconscious (implicit) bias and its possible effects in multiple disciplines has been recognised for some time (Moss-Racusin, Dovidio, Brescoll, Graham, & Handelsman, 2012; Sabin, Rivara, & Greenwald, 2008). In medical education, implicit bias is especially important since it may impact quality of care (Goldyne, 2007). Therefore, some institutions are beginning to integrate training for students to illuminate biases and develop strategies to manage them. As a part of a reciprocal best practices exchange with Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), stemming from an NIH grant partnership, Texas A&M Health Science Center (HSC) College of Medicine (COM) replicated an implicit associations (IA) workshop that has taken place at BCM for a number of years. Texas A&M HSC COM attended training through BCM, slightly revised shared materials and then implemented the activity. The purpose was to determine whether or not the workshop, including small group discussions at Texas A&M HSC COM, effectively enabled students to identify possible unconscious biases and to discuss their potential impact on patient care.
Achilles Tendon Properties of Minimalist and Traditionally Shod Runners
Authors: Histen Katherine , Arntsen Julia , L’Hereux Lauren , Heeren James , Wicki Benjamin , Saint Sterling , Aerni Giselle , Denegar Craig R. , Joseph Michael F. 
Published: July 2016

Context:Tendon adapts to load through alterations in its composition and mechanical properties. Mechanical adaptation to increased load often involves increases in cross-sectional area (CSA), stiffness, and modulus. Runners exhibit these adaptations.Objective:To determine if runners wearing minimalist shoes had larger and stiffer Achilles tendons (AT) than traditionally shod runners.Design:Cross-sectional study of well-trained, traditionally and minimally shod runners.Setting:Laboratory assessment of trained runners.Participants: 23 men (11 traditional, 12 minimalist) and 8 women (6 traditional, 2 minimalist). Runners wearing minimalist shoes had 4.2 ± 1.6 y of training experience in minimalist shoes.Main Outcome Measures:The authors used diagnostic ultrasound and isokinetic dynamometry to generate a force-elongation curve and its derivatives.Results: Minimalist runners had a greater CSA: mean difference (MD) = 9.2 mm2, stiffness (MD = 268.1 N/mm), and modulus (MD = 202.9 MPa). ATs of minimalist runners experienced greater stress (MD 8.6 N/mm2) during maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the plantar-flexor muscles due to greater force of contraction (MD 798.9 N).Conclusion:The AT in minimalist runners adapts by increasing size, stiffness, and modulus, which is consistent with our understanding of mechanical adaptation of tendon to increased loading. Increased stress to the AT likely requires a slow transition to minimalist running to allow the AT to adapt without evidence of injury.
The Impact of Injury on Health-Related Quality of Life in College Athletes
Authors: Houston Megan N. , Hoch Johanna M. , Van Lunen Bonnie L. , Hoch Matthew C. 
Published: July 2016

Context:Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a broad term for the impact of injury or illness on physical, psychological, and social health dimensions. Injury has been associated with decreased HRQOL in athletes. However, the influence of injury history, participation status, time since last injury, and injury severity on HRQOL remains unclear.Objective:To compare HRQOL in collegiate athletes based on injury history, participation status, time since last injury, and injury severity and to examine relationships between HRQOL outcomes.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:3 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions.Participants:467 collegiate athletes (199 males, 268 females; 19.5 ± 1.3 y, 173.9 ± 10.5 cm, 71.9 ± 13.6 kg) were recruited from NCAA Division I (n = 299) and Division III (n = 168) institutions. Athletes were included regardless of participation status, which created a diverse sample of current and past injury histories.Main Outcome Measures:During a single session, participants completed an injury history form, the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (DPA), and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). Dependent variables included DPA-Physical Summary Component (DPA-PSC), DPA-Mental Summary Component (DPA-MSC), and FABQ Scores.Results:HRQOL differences were detected between groups based on injury history, participation status, and time since last injury. No differences were detected for injury severity. A moderate correlation was identified between the DPA-PSC and FABQ (rs = 0.503, P < .001) and a weak relationship was identified between the DPA-MSC and FABQ (rs = 0.266, P < .001).Conclusions:Injury negatively influenced HRQOL in athletes with a current injury. While those individuals participating injured reported better HRQOL than the athletes sidelined due to injury, deficits were still present and should be monitored to ensure a complete recovery. Identifying the patient’s perception of impairment will help facilitate evidencebased treatment and rehabilitation strategies that target the physical and psychosocial aspects of health.
A Systematic Review of Rehabilitation Exercises to Progressively Load the Gluteus Medius
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Edwards Peter K. , Fick Daniel P. , Janes Gregory C. 
Published: July 2016

Context:Gluteus medius rehabilitation is of critical importance given its role in pelvic and lower limb stability, and the known link between gluteus medius weakness and many lower limb conditions.Objective:To systematically review the literature and present an evidence-based graduated series of exercises to progressively load gluteus medius.Evidence Acquisition:A systematic literature search was conducted in January 2016 to identify studies reporting gluteus medius muscle activity as a percentage of maximal volitional isometric contraction (MVIC), during rehabilitation exercises. Studies that investigated injury free participants were included. No restrictions were placed on the type or mode of exercise, though exercises that could not be accurately replicated or performed within an independent setting were excluded. Studies that did not normalize electromyographic activity to a side lying MVIC were excluded. Exercises were stratified based on exercise type and %MVIC: low (0% to 20%), moderate (21% to 40%), high (41% to 60%), and very high (> 61%).Evidence Synthesis:20 studies were included in this review, reporting outcomes in 33 exercises (and a range of variations of the same exercise). Prone, quadruped, and bilateral bridge exercises generally produced low or moderate load. Specific hip abduction/rotation exercises were reported as moderate, high, or very high load. Unilateral stance exercises in the presence of contralateral limb movement were often high or very high load activities, while high variability existed across a range of functional weight-bearing exercises.Conclusions:This review outlined a series of exercises commonly employed in a rehabilitation setting, stratified based on exercise type and the magnitude of gluteus medius muscular activation. This will assist clinicians in tailoring gluteus medius loading regimens to patients, from the early postoperative through to later stages of rehabilitation.
Point-Counterpoint: A Nucleic Acid Amplification Test for Streptococcus pyogenes Should Replace Antigen Detection and Culture for Detection of Bacterial Pharyngitis
Authors: Pritt Bobbi S. , Patel Robin , Kirn Thomas J. , Thomson Richard B. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have frequently been the standard diagnostic approach when specific infectious agents are sought in a clinic specimen. They can be applied for specific agents such as
S. pyogenes
, or commercial multiplex NAATs for detection of a variety of pathogens in gastrointestinal, bloodstream, and respiratory infections may be used. NAATs are both rapid and sensitive. For many years,
S. pyogenes
testing algorithms used a rapid and specific group A streptococcal antigen test to screen throat specimens, followed, in some clinical settings, by a throat culture for
S. pyogenes
to increase the sensitivity of its detection. Now
S. pyogenes
NAATs are being used with increasing frequency. Given their accuracy, rapidity, and ease of use, should they replace antigen detection and culture for the detection of bacterial pharyngitis? Bobbi Pritt and Robin Patel of the Mayo Clinic, where
S. pyogenes
NAATs have been used for well over a decade with great success, will explain the advantages of this approach, while Richard (Tom) Thomson and Tom Kirn of the NorthShore University HealthSystem will discuss their concerns about this approach to diagnosing bacterial pharyngitis.
Viral Macro Domains Reverse Protein ADP-Ribosylation
Authors: Li Changqing , Debing Yannick , Jankevicius Gytis , Neyts Johan , Ahel Ivan , Coutard Bruno , Canard Bruno 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational protein modification in which ADP-ribose is transferred from NAD
+
to specific acceptors to regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. The macro domain is an ancient and highly evolutionarily conserved protein domain widely distributed throughout all kingdoms of life, including viruses. The human TARG1/C6orf130, MacroD1, and MacroD2 proteins can reverse ADP-ribosylation by acting on ADP-ribosylated substrates through the hydrolytic activity of their macro domains. Here, we report that the macro domain from hepatitis E virus (HEV) serves as an ADP-ribose-protein hydrolase for mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chain removal (de-MARylation and de-PARylation, respectively) from mono- and poly(ADP)-ribosylated proteins, respectively. The presence of the HEV helicase in
cis
dramatically increases the binding of the macro domain to poly(ADP-ribose) and stimulates the de-PARylation activity. Abrogation of the latter dramatically decreases replication of an HEV subgenomic replicon. The de-MARylation activity is present in all three pathogenic positive-sense, single-stranded RNA [(+)ssRNA] virus families which carry a macro domain:
Coronaviridae
(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E),
Togaviridae
(Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus), and
Hepeviridae
(HEV), indicating that it might be a significant tropism and/or pathogenic determinant.

IMPORTANCE
Protein ADP-ribosylation is a covalent posttranslational modification regulating cellular protein activities in a dynamic fashion to modulate and coordinate a variety of cellular processes. Three viral families,
Coronaviridae
,
Togaviridae
, and
Hepeviridae
, possess macro domains embedded in their polyproteins. Here, we show that viral macro domains reverse cellular ADP-ribosylation, potentially cutting the signal of a viral infection in the cell. Various poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases which are notorious guardians of cellular integrity are demodified by macro domains from members of these virus families. In the case of hepatitis E virus, the adjacent viral helicase domain dramatically increases the binding of the macro domain to PAR and simulates the demodification activity.
Nonhuman TRIM5 Variants Enhance Recognition of HIV-1-Infected Cells by CD8
+
T Cells
Authors: Jimenez-Moyano Esther , Ruiz Alba , Kløverpris Henrik N. , Rodriguez-Plata Maria T. , Peña Ruth , Blondeau Caroline , Selwood David L. , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria , Moris Arnaud , Clotet Bonaventura , Goulder Philip , Towers Greg J. , Prado Julia G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Tripartite motif-containing protein 5 (TRIM5) restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a species-specific manner by uncoating viral particles while activating early innate responses. Although the contribution of TRIM5 proteins to cellular immunity has not yet been studied, their interactions with the incoming viral capsid and the cellular proteasome led us to hypothesize a role for them. Here, we investigate whether the expression of two nonhuman TRIM5 orthologs, rhesus TRIM5α (RhT5) and TRIM-cyclophilin A (TCyp), both of which are potent restrictors of HIV-1, could enhance immune recognition of infected cells by CD8
+
T cells. We illustrate how TRIM5 restriction improves CD8
+
T-cell-mediated HIV-1 inhibition. Moreover, when TRIM5 activity was blocked by the nonimmunosuppressive analog of cyclosporine (CsA), sarcosine-3(4-methylbenzoate)–CsA (SmBz-CsA), we found a significant reduction in CD107a/MIP-1β expression in HIV-1-specific CD8
+
T cells. This finding underscores the direct link between TRIM5 restriction and activation of CD8
+
T-cell responses. Interestingly, cells expressing RhT5 induced stronger CD8
+
T-cell responses through the specific recognition of the HIV-1 capsid by the immune system. The underlying mechanism of this process may involve TRIM5-specific capsid recruitment to cellular proteasomes and increase peptide availability for loading and presentation of HLA class I antigens. In summary, we identified a novel function for nonhuman TRIM5 variants in cellular immunity. We hypothesize that TRIM5 can couple innate viral sensing and CD8
+
T-cell activation to increase species barriers against retrovirus infection.

IMPORTANCE
New therapeutics to tackle HIV-1 infection should aim to combine rapid innate viral sensing and cellular immune recognition. Such strategies could prevent seeding of the viral reservoir and the immune damage that occurs during acute infection. The nonhuman TRIM5 variants, rhesus TRIM5α (RhT5) and TRIM-cyclophilin A (TCyp), are attractive candidates owing to their potency in sensing HIV-1 and blocking its activity. Here, we show that expression of RhT5 and TCyp in HIV-1-infected cells improves CD8
+
T-cell-mediated inhibition through the direct activation of HIV-1-specific CD8
+
T-cell responses. We found that the potency in CD8
+
activation was stronger for RhT5 variants and capsid-specific CD8
+
T cells in a mechanism that relies on TRIM5-dependent particle recruitment to cellular proteasomes. This novel mechanism couples innate viral sensing with cellular immunity in a single protein and could be exploited to develop innovative therapeutics for control of HIV-1 infection.
Use of the experience sampling method in the context of clinical trials
Authors: Verhagen Simone J W , Hasmi Laila , Drukker Marjan , van Os J , Delespaul Philippe A E G 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThe experience sampling method (ESM) is a structured diary technique to appraise subjective experiences in daily life. It is applied in psychiatric patients, as well as in patients with somatic illness. Despite the potential of ESM assessment, the improved logistics and its increased administration in research, its use in clinical trials remains limited. This paper introduces ESM for clinical trials in psychiatry and beyond.MethodsESM is an ecologically valid method that yields a comprehensive view of an individual's daily life. It allows the assessment of various constructs (eg, quality of life, psychopathology) and psychological mechanisms (eg, stress-sensitivity, coping). These constructs are difficult to assess using cross-sectional questionnaires. ESM can be applied in treatment monitoring, as an ecological momentary intervention, in clinical trials, or in single case clinical trials. Technological advances (eg, smartphone applications) make its implementation easier.ResultsAdvantages of ESM are highlighted and disadvantages are discussed. Furthermore, the ecological nature of ESM data and its consequences are explored, including the potential pitfalls of ambiguously formulated research questions and the specificities of ESM in statistical analyses. The last section focuses on ESM in relation to clinical trials and discusses its future use in optimising clinical decision-making.ConclusionsESM can be a valuable asset in clinical trial research and should be used more often to study the benefits of treatment in psychiatry and somatic health.
Can you really swim? Validation of self and parental reports of swim skill with an inwater swim test among children attending community pools in Washington State
Authors: Mercado Melissa C , Quan Linda , Bennett Elizabeth , Gilchrist Julie , Levy Benjamin A , Robinson Candice L , Wendorf Kristen , Gangan Fife Maria Aurora , Stevens Mark R , Lee Robin 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundDrowning is the second leading cause of unintentional injury death among US children. Multiple studies describe decreased drowning risk among children possessing some swim skills. Current surveillance for this protective factor is self/proxy-reported swim skill rather than observed inwater performance; however, children's self-report or parents’ proxy report of swim skill has not been validated. This is the first US study to evaluate whether children or parents can validly report a child's swim skill. It also explores which swim skill survey measure(s) correlate with children's inwater swim performance.MethodsFor this cross-sectional convenience-based sample, pilot study, child/parent dyads (N=482) were recruited at three outdoor public pools in Washington State. Agreement between measures of self-reports and parental-reports of children's swim skill was assessed via paired analyses, and validated by inwater swim test results.ResultsParticipants were representative of pool's patrons (ie, non-Hispanic White, highly educated, high income). There was agreement in child/parent dyads’ reports of the following child swim skill measures: ‘ever taken swim lessons’, perceived ‘good swim skills’ and ‘comfort in water over head’. Correlation analyses suggest that reported ‘good swim skills’ was the best survey measure to assess a child's swim skill—best if the parent was the informant (r=0.25–0.47). History of swim lessons was not significantly correlated with passing the swim test.ConclusionsReported ‘good swim skills’ was most correlated with observed swim skill. Reporting ‘yes’ to ‘ever taken swim lessons’ did not correlate with swim skill. While non-generalisable, findings can help inform future studies.
Surface rupture of the 1911 Kebin (Chon–Kemin) earthquake, Northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Arrowsmith J. Ramón , Crosby Christopher J. , Korzhenkov Andrey M. , Mamyrov Ernest , Povolotskaya Irina , Guralnik Benny , Landgraf Angela 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

The 1911 Chon–Kemin (Kebin) earthquake culminated
c.
30 years of remarkable earthquakes in the northern Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan). Building on prior mapping of the event, we traced its rupture in the field and measured more than 50 offset landforms. Cumulative fault rupture length is >155–195 km along 13 fault patches comprising six sections. The patches are separated by changes of dip magnitude or dip direction, or by 4–10 km-wide stepovers. One <40 km section overlaps and is parallel to the main north-dipping rupture but is 7 km north and dips opposite (south). Both ends of the rupture are along mountain front thrust faults demonstrating late Quaternary activity. We computed the moment from each fault patch using the surface fault traces, dip inferred from the traces, 20 km seismogenic thickness, rigidity of 3.3×10
10
N m
−2
and dip slip converted from our observations of the largely reverse sense of motion vertical offsets. The discontinuous patches with
c.
3–4 m average slip and peak slip of <14 m yield a seismic moment of 4.6×10
20
Nm (
M
w
7.78) to 7.4×10
20
Nm (
M
w
7.91). The majority of moment was released along the inner eastern rupture segments. This geological moment is lower by a factor of 1.5 from that determined from teleseismic data.
Jak1–STAT3 Signals Are Essential Effectors of the USP6/TRE17 Oncogene in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Quick Laura , Young Robert , Henrich Ian C. , Wang Xiaoke , Asmann Yan W. , Oliveira Andre M. , Chou Margaret M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBone and soft tissue tumors (BSTT) are relatively poorly understood, hampering the development of effective therapies. Here we report a critical effector pathway for the ubiquitin-specific protease 6 (USP6)/TRE17 oncogene, which is overexpressed upon chromosome translocation in various human tumors, including aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) and the related benign lesion nodular fasciitis. Ectopic expression of USP6 is known to drive formation of tumors, which recapitulate key features of ABC and nodular fasciitis; however, the identity of USP6′s relevant substrates has been obscure. Here we report that the Jak1–STAT3 signaling pathway serves as an essential effector of USP6 in BSTT formation. We found that USP6 directly deubiquitinated Jak1, leading to its stabilization and activation of STAT3. The tumorigenic potential of USP6 was attenuated significantly by CRISPR-mediated deletion of Jak1 or STAT3, or by administration of a Jak family inhibitor. Analysis of primary clinical samples of nodular fasciitis confirmed the activation of a Jak1–STAT3 gene signature in vivo. Together, our studies highlight Jak1 as the first identified substrate for USP6, and they offer a mechanistic rationale for the clinical investigation of Jak and STAT3 inhibitors as therapeutics for the treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors along with other neoplasms driven by USP6 overexpression. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5337–47. ©2016 AACR.