bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mouse cytomegalovirus M36 and M45 death suppressors cooperate to prevent inflammation resulting from antiviral programmed cell death pathways
Authors: Daley-Bauer Lisa P. , Roback Linda , Crosby Lynsey N. , McCormick A. Louise , Feng Yanjun , Kaiser William J. , Mocarski Edward S. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Caspase-8–mediated apoptotic and receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-dependent necroptotic signaling pathways are recognized host defense mechanisms that act by eliminating virus-infected cells. Cytomegalovirus-encoded inhibitors of apoptosis and necroptosis sustain infection and pathogenesis by preventing specific programmed cell death pathways. In the absence of viral inhibitors, combined apoptotic–necroptotic cell death signaling halts infection, preventing the virus from gaining a foothold in the host. We describe natural cooperation between apoptosis and necroptosis pathways in macrophages and within the host, resulting in robust proinflammatory cytokine responses not observed when infected cells die by either apoptosis or necroptosis alone. Thus, apoptosis combined with necroptosis serves a dual role in limiting herpesvirus persistence in the host.
Multisite aggregation of p53 and implications for drug rescue
Authors: Wang GuoZhen , Fersht Alan R. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Destabilized mutants of the tumor suppressor p53 are inactivated by self-aggregation in a substantial number of tumors and may also coaggregate with and inactivate WT p53 and family members. We found in vitro that self-aggregation proceeded via a network of multiple aggregation-prone sites in p53, and inhibition of an individual site did not inhibit aggregation. Nevertheless, peptides designed to be complementary to various aggregation sequences and inhibit their polymerization can specifically kill cancer cells and be potential anticancer drugs. We found that those peptides can also function by p53-independent routes in cancer cell cultures, implying further therapeutic targets.
Stone CrabMenippespp. Populations on Louisiana's Nearshore Oil and Gas Platforms: Higher Density and Size at Maturity on a Sand Shoal
Authors: Reeves David B. , Munnelly Ryan T. , Chesney Edward J. , Baltz Donald M. , Marx Brian D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOil and gas platforms are common in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Platforms provide substrate for sessile organisms such as barnacles and oysters that enhance habitat for stone crabsMenippespp. and other fouling‐associated organisms. In recent years, Louisiana's small nearshore platforms (<15 m) have been subjected to a high rate of removal, but little is known about their relative value as artificial reefs. During 2014, we compared stone crab populations at platforms on and off Ship Shoal in order to evaluate habitat conditions in the two areas. We hypothesized that platforms on the shoal would provide higher quality habitat than those in the surrounding area because the shoal supports higher diversity and abundances of benthic organisms. Stone crab populations were characterized by means of visual counts and by removing subsamples for species identification, sexing, and carapace measurements. Of the 378 stone crabs collected, 368 were Gulf stone crabsM. adinaand 10 were Cuban stone crabsM. nodifrons. Stone crabs colonized every platform studied, but densities were higher (mean values: 4.0 crabs/m2on the shoal versus 1.8 crabs/m2off the shoal), and carapace width at 50% maturity (CW50) was 27.1 mm larger for crabs on than off the shoal. Mean carapace width, size‐class distribution, and sex ratio of crabs on and off the shoal were not significantly different. Platforms provided substrate for barnacles, which enhanced the structural complexity of platforms and were observed to be prey for stone crabs. Nevertheless, higher stone crab density and CW50 on the shoal suggested that shoal platforms are better habitat types for stone crabs.Received February 23, 2016; accepted January 9, 2017 Published online March 15, 2017
Safety of AQUI‐S 20E (10% Eugenol) as a Sedative for Freshwater Fish
Authors: Bowker James D. , Trushenski Jesse T. , Wandelear Niccole , Bowman Molly P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAQUI‐S 20E (10% eugenol) has been shown to be an effective fish sedative for freshwater finfish, but to be approved for use in the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration must be provided with data demonstrating the product is safe to treated animals. Accordingly, we evaluated the safety of AQUI‐S 20E when used to sedate Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, and Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. After identifying the highest effective concentrations likely to be used by fisheries biologists to sedate each species to handleable, replicate groups of fish were exposed to this intended concentration (1×) or a 50% higher eugenol concentration (1.5×) for periods of time adequate to effectively sedate 80% of fish to handleable (ET80) or for predetermined treatment periods exceeding the ET80. These predetermined treatment doses (40 and 60 mg eugenol/L for Rainbow Trout, 80 and 120 mg eugenol/L for Yellow Perch, and 100 and 150 mg eugenol/L for Channel Catfish), treatment periods (2.25–8.75 min for Rainbow Trout, 4.0–10.5 min for Yellow Perch, and 2.5–12.0 min for Channel Catfish; specific treatment periods depending on doses), and ET80 values were used to establish margins of safety for each species. An adequate margin of safety was defined as treatment periods ≥ 3–4 min longer than the 1× ET80 and ≥ 2–3 min longer than 1.5× ET80 after which fish survival was ≥ 95%. Based on survival, there was an adequate margin of safety associated with overexposing fish to AQUI‐S 20E. Given the absence of biologically relevant effects of AQUI‐S 20E exposure on tissue histology, there is no evidence to suggest that the survival‐based margins of safety should be revised to be more conservative. Our results indicate there is an adequate margin of safety associated with the use of AQUI‐S 20E to sedate freshwater fish to handleable.Received September 27, 2016; accepted December 27, 2016 Published online March 15, 2017
How does the welfare state model influence social political attitudes? An analysis of citizens' concrete and abstract attitudes toward poverty
Authors: Toikko Timo , Rantanen Teemu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between the welfare state models and social political attitudes. The data are based on the sixth round of the European Social Survey. The study revealed a mechanism of how the relationship between concrete and abstract attitudes differs between the welfare states. In the Anglo-Saxon and Nordic welfare states the relationship is a positive one, which indicates that the welfare state has a broad support among citizens. In the Continental, Eastern and Southern welfare states the relationship is a negative one. This means that the less satisfied citizens are with governmental measures, the more positive their attitudes are regarding protecting citizens against poverty. Also the study showed that the welfare state model directly influences citizens’ concrete attitudes and indirectly influences abstract poverty attitudes. In this sense, the welfare state model is seen more as an attitudinal perception than an actual social policy.
Preliminary Study of Tirofiban Infusion in Coil Embolization of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Yoon Chang Hyo , Lee Ho-Won , Kim Young Soo , Lee Sang Won , Yeom Jeong A , Roh Jieun , Baik Seung Kug 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There have been some reports on the use of intra-arterial tirofiban in ruptured intracranial aneurysms, but few studies have reported on the use of 24 h of intravenous tirofiban infusion in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE
To present our experience with intravenous tirofiban infusion, in the form of a monotherapy as well as in addition to intra-arterial tirofiban, as a prophylactic, and as a rescue management for thrombus in patients who have undergone embolization with coils for ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS
Between December 2008 and January 2015, we retrospectively reviewed 249 ruptured intracranial aneurysms that were treated with coiling at our institutions. A total of 28 patients harboring 28 ruptured and 3 unruptured intracranial aneurysms underwent intravenous tirofiban infusion during or after coil embolization of an aneurysm. Intra-arterial infusion of tirofiban via a microcatheter was also performed in 26 patients.

RESULTS
Thromboembolic formation during the procedure was detected in 25 cases. Intra-arterial tirofiban dissolved the thromboembolus under angiographic control after 10 or more minutes in 19 (76%) of 25 patients. Two intracranial hemorrhagic complications (increase in the extent of hematoma) occurred during the follow-up period. Two cases of other complications occurred: hematuria and perioral bleeding.

CONCLUSION
Intravenous tirofiban, as a monotherapy or in addition to intra-arterial tirofiban for thrombotic complications, seems to be useful as a treatment for acute aneurysm. However, alternatives to tirofiban should be considered if an associated hematoma is discovered before a patient receives a tirofiban infusion.
Toward the full and proper implementation of Jordan's Principle: An elusive goal to date
Authors: Blackstock Cindy 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
First Nations children experience service delays, disruptions and denials due to jurisdictional payment disputes within and between federal and provincial/territorial governments. The House of Commons sought to ensure First Nations children could access government services on the same terms as other children when it unanimously passed a private members motion in support of Jordan's Principle in 2007. Jordan's Principle states that when a jurisdictional dispute arises regarding public services for a First Nations child that are otherwise available to other children, the government of first contact pays for the service and addresses payment disputes later. Unfortunately, the federal government adopted a definition of Jordan's Principle that was so narrow (complex medical needs with multiple service providers) that no child ever qualified. This narrow definition has been found to be unlawful by the Federal Court of Canada and the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal. The present commentary describes Jordan's Principle, the legal cases that have considered it and the implications of those decisions for health care providers.
Paediatric school-based clinics in Saskatoon: Providing equitable access to paediatric care
Authors: Mehtar Maryam 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPaediatric school-based clinics (PSBCs) were established in Saskatoon (Saskatchewan) in 2007, to provide access to specialized paediatric health care as part of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams, and alongside existing services. In its ninth year, the PSBCs have grown both in number and services offered, and in patient numbers – for both new patients and repeat follow-up visits. Viewing paediatric health consistently through the lens of the social determinants of health has been essential in delivering care, which require consideration and negotiation of these contexts in formulating management plans. The responsive relationships we continue to establish with our patients through the PSBCs have enabled us to work effectively with children and youth, and continue the growth of our successes.
Medical education, social responsibility and praxis: Responding to the needs of all children
Authors: Martimianakis Maria Athina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile poverty is a recognized risk factor for ill health, directly intervening on the effects of poverty has traditionally been considered to fall outside the realm of a physician's daily practice. Yet, to appropriately respond to the health needs of all children, we have the social responsibility to help our trainees become competent health advocates. Experiential learning approaches can be used to aid students in developing identities and competencies as health advocates. Experiencing illness outside the sterility of the clinic, from the patient's point of view, encourages students to seek the knowledge they need to care for patients who are disenfranchised, socially vulnerable and/or marginalized.
Impact of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Hospitalized With Pneumonia
Authors: Chawla Lakhmir S. , Amdur Richard L. , Faselis Charles , Li Ping , Kimmel Paul L. , Palant Carlos E. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
Pneumonia is a common cause of hospitalization and can be complicated by the development of acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury is associated with major adverse kidney events (death, dialysis, and durable loss of renal function [chronic kidney disease]). Because pneumonia and acute kidney injury are in part mediated by inflammation, we hypothesized that when acute kidney injury complicates pneumonia, major adverse kidney events outcomes would be exacerbated. We sought to assess the frequency of major adverse kidney events after a hospitalization for either pneumonia, acute kidney injury, or the combination of both.

Design and Setting:
We conducted a retrospective database analysis of the national Veterans Affairs database for patients with a admission diagnosis of International Classification of Diseases-9 code 584.xx (acute kidney injury) or 486.xx (pneumonia) between October 1, 1999, and December 31, 2005. Three groups of patients were created, based on the diagnosis of the index admission and serum creatinine values: 1) acute kidney injury, 2) pneumonia, and 3) pneumonia with acute kidney injury. Patients with mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 were excluded.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary endpoint was major adverse kidney events defined as the composite of death, chronic dialysis, or a permanent loss of renal function after the primary discharge. The observations of 54,894 subjects were analyzed. Mean age was 68.7 ± 12.3 years. The percentage of female was 2.4, 73.3% were Caucasian, and 19.7% were African-American. Differences across the three diagnostic groups were significant for death, 25% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline, major adverse kidney events following admission, and major adverse kidney events during admission (all p < 0.0001). Death alone and major adverse kidney events after discharge were most common in the pneumonia + acute kidney injury group (51% died and 62% reached major adverse kidney events). In both unadjusted and adjusted time to event analyses, patients with pneumonia + acute kidney injury were most likely to die or reach major adverse kidney events.

Conclusions:
When acute kidney injury accompanies pneumonia, postdischarge outcomes are worse than either diagnosis alone. Patients who survive a pneumonia hospitalization and develop acute kidney injury are at high risk for major adverse kidney events including death and should receive careful follow-up.
Predictors of Outcome With Cerebral Autoregulation Monitoring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rivera-Lara Lucia , Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Geocadin Romer , Ziai Wendy , Healy Ryan , Thompson Richard , Smielewski Peter , Czosnyka Marek , Hogue Charles W. 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
To compare cerebral autoregulation indices as predictors of patient outcome and their dependence on duration of monitoring.

Data Sources:
Systematic literature search and meta-analysis using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to October 2015.

Study Selection:
We chose articles that assessed the association between cerebral autoregulation indices and dichotomized or continuous outcomes reported as standardized mean differences or correlation coefficients (R), respectively. Animal and validation studies were excluded.

Data Extraction:
Two authors collected and assessed the data independently. The studies were grouped into two sets according to the type of analysis used to assess the relationship between cerebral autoregulation indices and predictors of outcome (standardized mean differences or R).

Data Synthesis:
Thirty-three studies compared cerebral autoregulation indices and patient outcomes using standardized mean differences, and 20 used Rs. The only data available for meta-analysis were from patients with traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Based on z score analysis, the best three cerebral autoregulation index predictors of mortality or Glasgow Outcome Scale for patients with traumatic brain injury were the pressure reactivity index, transcranial Doppler-derived mean velocity index based on cerebral perfusion pressure, and autoregulation reactivity index (z scores: 8.97, 6.01, 3.94, respectively). Mean velocity index based on arterial blood pressure did not reach statistical significance for predicting outcome measured as a continuous variable (p = 0.07) for patients with traumatic brain injury. For patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, autoregulation reactivity index was the only cerebral autoregulation index that predicted patient outcome measured with the Glasgow Outcome Scale as a continuous outcome (R = 0.82; p = 0.001; z score, 3.39). We found a significant correlation between the duration of monitoring and predictive value for mortality (R = 0.78; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Three cerebral autoregulation indices, pressure reactivity index, mean velocity index based on cerebral perfusion pressure, and autoregulation reactivity index were the best outcome predictors for patients with traumatic brain injury. For patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, autoregulation reactivity index was the only cerebral autoregulation index predictor of Glasgow Outcome Scale. Continuous assessment of cerebral autoregulation predicted outcome better than intermittent monitoring.
Escalation of Commitment in the Surgical ICU
Authors: Braxton Carla C. , Robinson Celia N. , Awad Samir S. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
Escalation of commitment is a business term that describes the continued investment of resources into a project even after there is objective evidence of the project’s impending failure. Escalation of commitment may be a contributor to high healthcare costs associated with critically ill patients as it has been shown that, despite almost certain futility, most ICU costs are incurred in the last week of life. Our objective was to determine if escalation of commitment occurs in healthcare settings, specifically in the surgical ICU. We hypothesize that factors previously identified in business and organizational psychology literature including self-justification, accountability, sunk costs, and cognitive dissonance result in escalation of commitment behavior in the surgical ICU setting resulting in increased utilization of resources and cost.

Design:
A descriptive case study that illustrates common ICU narratives in which escalation of commitment can occur. In addition, we describe factors that are thought to contribute to escalation of commitment behaviors.

Main Results:
Escalation of commitment behavior was observed with self-justification, accountability, and cognitive dissonance accounting for the majority of the behavior. Unlike in business decisions, sunk costs was not as evident. In addition, modulating factors such as personality, individual experience, culture, and gender were identified as contributors to escalation of commitment.

Conclusions:
Escalation of commitment occurs in the surgical ICU, resulting in significant expenditure of resources despite a predicted and often known poor outcome. Recognition of this phenomenon may lead to actions aimed at more rational decision making and may contribute to lowering healthcare costs. Investigation of objective measures that can help aid decision making in the surgical ICU is warranted.
Histomorphology and Immunophenotype of Eczematous Skin Lesions Revisited—Skin Biopsies Are Not Reliable in Differentiating Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Irritant Contact Dermatitis, and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Frings Verena G. , Böer-Auer Almut , Breuer Kristine 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:
Lesions of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), and atopic dermatitis (AD) share similar clinical features and thus, their diagnosis can be challenging. The aim of this study was to reassess histopathology and immunophenotyping properties to distinguish between ACD, ICD, and AD. Charts of patients with eczema, who had undergone complete routine diagnostic workup (skin biopsies, patch tests, skin prick tests, and respectively or serum IgE levels), were reviewed. Thirty-five skin biopsy specimens of 28 patients (mean age 64 ± 15 years; ♀ = 13 ♂ = 15) with clear diagnosis of ACD (n = 15), ICD (n = 6), or AD (n = 14) were analyzed. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11c, CD34, CD123, S100, and IL-17) parameters were evaluated using Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, Fisher exact test, and decision tree analysis. Eosinophils were statistically significant (P = 0.0184), more often observed in AD than in ACD or ICD. No other statistically significant differences were found with regard to epidermal patterns, patterns of dermal infiltrates, or immunophenotyping. Using predictive modeling approaches, dermal eosinophils were found to be associated with AD, necrotic epidermal keratinocytes with ICD, and a focal type of parakeratosis with ACD. As an additional finding, pseudo-Pautrier microabscesses, which were present in the skin of 2 AD and 2 ACD patients, contained myeloid dendritic cells (CD11c+). Differentiation of ACD, ICD, and AD should be based on clinical features and results of allergy tests. Histopathology does not reliably differentiate between ACD, ICD, and AD, but helps to exclude psoriasis, tinea, or T-cell lymphoma.
Perioperative pregabalin administration does not prevent chronic postoperative pain: systematic review with a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Martinez Valeria , Pichard Xavier , Fletcher Dominique 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of perioperative pregabalin treatment for preventing chronic pain remains a matter of debate. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane, and Clinical Trial Register databases, and other sources, for randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of pregabalin and placebo. The primary outcome was the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) at 3 months. The secondary endpoints were CPSP at 3, 6, and 12 months and the incidence of chronic postsurgical neuropathic pain at the same time points. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed on the combined data. Evidence quality was rated by the GRADE method. We included 18 studies (2485 patients) in the meta-analysis. Overall, 60% of the trials reporting the primary outcome at 3 months were unpublished; the unpublished trials corresponded to 1492/1884 (79%) of the patients included in these studies. No difference in CPSP incidence between pregabalin and placebo was found at any time point; the risk ratio was 0.87 (0.66, 1.14), I
2 = 57% at 3 months. The evidence was considered to be of moderate quality. Subgroup analysis by publication status, daily dose, type of administration, and type of surgery did not highlight any differences between subgroups. Insufficient data concerning the incidence of chronic postsurgical neuropathic pain were available for any firm recommendation to be made. Pooled data from published and unpublished studies provide no support for the efficacy of pregabalin for preventing CPSP.