bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardising English names for Australian bird subspecies as a conservation tool
Authors: EHMKE GLENN , FITZSIMONS JAMES A. , GARNETT STEPHEN T. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryOver the last 25 years subspecies have become an important unit of bird conservation in Australia. Some have evocative common English names which have allowed the subspecies to be vested with meaning among conservation advocates, evoking feelings of concern, loyalty and affection. This suggests that providing subspecies with stable English names can allow development of a ‘brand’ among those in need of conservation action. Also, since scientific names often change with knowledge of taxonomic relationships among birds, a stable list of standardised English names for all species and subspecies can minimise confusion and ambiguity among the public and in legislation. Here we present the arguments for creating a standardised list of English names for Australian bird subspecies and set out principles for formulating subspecies names, along with a list of the names themselves, with the aim of building the general public’s attachment to subspecies, increasing interest in their conservation and as subjects of research.
The needs of siblings of children with a life-threatening illness, part 1: Conceptualization and development of a measure
Authors: Olivier-D'Avignon Marianne , Dumont Serge , Valois Pierre , Cohen S. Robin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:The presence of a child afflicted with a life-threatening illness is a difficult situation for the child's siblings, especially when their own needs are left unmet. The present article describes the first three phases of research involved in the conceptualization, development, and content validation of an initial version of the Inventaire des Besoins de la Fratrie d'Enfants Malades Sévèrement (IBesFEMS) [Needs Inventory for Siblings of Critically ill Children].Method:The first phase of the development of this instrument was conducted using qualitative methodology (focus groups: 6 siblings, 8 parents). The second phase consisted of validating the content of a pool of items developed according to the needs identified in the first phase. Some 21 participants (3 psychometricians, 3 researchers, 9 clinicians, and 6 siblings) evaluated each item for relevance and clarity. Finally, during the third phase, the acceptability and administration procedures of the preliminary version of the instrument were assessed qualitatively by five siblings.Results:The first phase led to production of a typology made up of 43 needs in 10 different environments. The second phase allowed for selection of the items that were clearest and most relevant, based on expert opinion. This procedure gave rise to a first version of the IBesFEMS, which consisted of 48 items.Significance of results:The IBesFEMS appears to be a promising tool for specifically assessing the needs of the adolescent siblings of seriously ill children.
Loss of GCN5 leads to increased neuronal apoptosis by upregulating E2F1- and Egr-1-dependent BH3-only protein Bim
Authors: Wu Yanna , Ma Shanshan , Xia Yong , Lu Yangpeng , Xiao Shiyin , Cao Yali , Zhuang Sidian , Tan Xiangpeng , Fu Qiang , Xie Longchang , Li Zhiming , Yuan Zhongmin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCellular acetylation homeostasis is a kinetic balance precisely controlled by histone acetyl-transferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities. The loss of the counterbalancing function of basal HAT activity alters the precious HAT:HDAC balance towards enhanced histone deacetylation, resulting in a loss of acetylation homeostasis, which is closely associated with neuronal apoptosis. However, the critical HAT member whose activity loss contributes to neuronal apoptosis remains to be identified. In this study, we found that inactivation of GCN5 by either pharmacological inhibitors, such as CPTH2 and MB-3, or by inactivation with siRNAs leads to a typical apoptosis in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Mechanistically, the BH3-only protein Bim is transcriptionally upregulated by activated Egr-1 and E2F1 and mediates apoptosis following GCN5 inhibition. Furthermore, in the activity withdrawal- or glutamate-evoked neuronal apoptosis models, GCN5 loses its activity, in contrast to Bim induction. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of GCN5 suppresses Bim induction and apoptosis. Interestingly, the loss of GCN5 activity and the induction of Egr-1, E2F1 and Bim are involved in the early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in rats. HDAC inhibition not only significantly rescues Bim expression and apoptosis induced by either potassium deprivation or GCN5 inactivation but also ameliorates these events and EBI in SAH rats. Taken together, our results highlight a new mechanism by which the loss of GCN5 activity promotes neuronal apoptosis through the transcriptional upregulation of Bim, which is probably a critical event in triggering neuronal death when cellular acetylation homeostasis is impaired.
MicroRNA-466 inhibits tumor growth and bone metastasis in prostate cancer by direct regulation of osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2
Authors: Colden Melissa , Dar Altaf A , Saini Sharanjot , Dahiya Priya V , Shahryari Varahram , Yamamura Soichiro , Tanaka Yuichiro , Stein Gary , Dahiya Rajvir , Majid Shahana 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in cancer progression and metastatic initiation yet their importance in regulating prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis to bone has begun to be appreciated. We employed multimodal strategy based on in-house PCa clinical samples, publicly available TCGA cohorts, a panel of cell lines, in silico analyses, and a series of in vitro and in vivo assays to investigate the role of miR-466 in PCa. Expression analyses revealed that miR-466 is under-expressed in PCa compared to normal tissues. Reconstitution of miR-466 in metastatic PCa cell lines impaired their oncogenic functions such as cell proliferation, migration/invasion and induced cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis compared to control miRNA. Conversely, attenuation of miR-466 in normal prostate cells induced tumorigenic characteristics. miR-466 suppressed PCa growth and metastasis through direct targeting of bone-related transcription factor RUNX2. Overexpression of miR-466 caused a marked downregulation of integrated network of RUNX2 target genes such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, ANGPTs, MMP11 including Fyn, pAkt, FAK and vimentin that are known to be involved in migration, invasion, angiogenesis, EMT and metastasis. Xenograft models indicate that miR-466 inhibits primary orthotopic tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis to bone. Receiver operating curve and Kaplan–Meier analyses show that miR-466 expression can discriminate between malignant and normal prostate tissues; and can predict biochemical relapse. In conclusion, our data strongly suggests miR-466-mediated attenuation of RUNX2 as a novel therapeutic approach to regulate PCa growth, particularly metastasis to bone. This study is the first report documenting the anti-bone metastatic role and clinical significance of miR-466 in prostate cancer.
Wide gap Chern Mott insulating phases achieved by design
Authors: Guo Hongli , Gangopadhyay Shruba , Köksal Okan , Pentcheva Rossitza , Pickett Warren E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuantum anomalous Hall insulators, which display robust boundary charge and spin currents categorized in terms of a bulk topological invariant known as the Chern number (Thouless et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 405–408 (1982)), provide the quantum Hall anomalous effect without an applied magnetic field. Chern insulators are attracting interest both as a novel electronic phase and for their novel and potentially useful boundary charge and spin currents. Honeycomb lattice systems such as we discuss here, occupied by heavy transition-metal ions, have been proposed as Chern insulators, but finding a concrete example has been challenging due to an assortment of broken symmetry phases that thwart the topological character. Building on accumulated knowledge of the behavior of the 3d series, we tune spin-orbit and interaction strength together with strain to design two Chern insulator systems with bandgaps up to 130 meV and Chern numbers C = −1 and C = 2. We find, in this class, that a trade-off between larger spin-orbit coupling and strong interactions leads to a larger gap, whereas the stronger spin-orbit coupling correlates with the larger magnitude of the Hall conductivity. Symmetry lowering in the course of structural relaxation hampers obtaining quantum anomalous Hall character, as pointed out previously; there is only mild structural symmetry breaking of the bilayer in these robust Chern phases. Recent growth of insulating, magnetic phases in closely related materials with this orientation supports the likelihood that synthesis and exploitation will follow.
Effect of Dysarthria Type, Speaking Condition, and Listener Age on Speech Intelligibility
Authors: McAuliffe Megan J. , Fletcher Annalise R. , Kerr Sarah E. , O'Beirne Greg A. , Anderson Tim 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of loud and slow speech cues on younger and older listeners' comprehension of dysarthric speech, specifically, (a) whether one strategy, as opposed to the other, promoted greater intelligibility gains for different speaker groups; (b) whether older and younger listeners' understandings were differentially affected by these strategies; and (c) which acoustic changes best predicted intelligibility gain in individual speakers.MethodTwenty younger and 40 older listeners completed a perceptual task. Six individuals with dysarthria produced phrases across habitual, loud, and slow conditions. The primary dependent variable was proportion of words correct; follow-up acoustic analyses linked perceptual outcomes to changes in acoustic speech features.ResultsRegardless of dysarthria type, the loud condition produced significant intelligibility gains. Overall, older listeners' comprehension was reduced relative to younger listeners. Follow-up analysis revealed considerable interspeaker differences in intelligibility outcomes across conditions. Although the most successful speaking mode varied, intelligibility gains were strongly associated with the degree of change participants made to their vowel formants.ConclusionsPerceptual outcomes vary across speaking modes, even when speakers with dysarthria are grouped according to similar perceptual profiles. Further investigation of interspeaker differences is needed to inform individually tailored intervention approaches.
Integration of Motor Learning Principles Into Real-Time Ambulatory Voice Biofeedback and Example Implementation Via a Clinical Case Study With Vocal Fold Nodules
Authors: Van Stan Jarrad H. , Mehta Daryush D. , Petit Robert J. , Sternad Dagmar , Muise Jason , Burns James A. , Hillman Robert E. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Ambulatory voice biofeedback (AVB) has the potential to significantly improve voice therapy effectiveness by targeting one of the most challenging aspects of rehabilitation: carryover of desired behaviors outside of the therapy session. Although initial evidence indicates that AVB can alter vocal behavior in daily life, retention of the new behavior after biofeedback has not been demonstrated. Motor learning studies repeatedly have shown retention-related benefits when reducing feedback frequency or providing summary statistics. Therefore, novel AVB settings that are based on these concepts are developed and implemented.

Method
The underlying theoretical framework and resultant implementation of innovative AVB settings on a smartphone-based voice monitor are described. A clinical case study demonstrates the functionality of the new relative frequency feedback capabilities.

Results
With new technical capabilities, 2 aspects of feedback are directly modifiable for AVB: relative frequency and summary feedback. Although reduced-frequency AVB was associated with improved carryover of a therapeutic vocal behavior (i.e., reduced vocal intensity) in a patient post-excision of vocal fold nodules, causation cannot be assumed.

Conclusions
Timing and frequency of AVB schedules can be manipulated to empirically assess generalization of motor learning principles to vocal behavior modification and test the clinical effectiveness of AVB with various feedback schedules.
Establishing Language Benchmarks for Children With Typically Developing Language and Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Schmitt Mary Beth , Logan Jessica A. R. , Tambyraja Sherine R. , Farquharson Kelly , Justice Laura M. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Practitioners, researchers, and policymakers (i.e., stakeholders) have vested interests in children's language growth yet currently do not have empirically driven methods for measuring such outcomes. The present study established language benchmarks for children with typically developing language (TDL) and children with language impairment (LI) from 3 to 9 years of age.

Method

Effect sizes for grammar, vocabulary, and overall language were calculated for children with TDL (
n
= 20,018) using raw score means and standard deviations from 8 norm-referenced measures of language. Effect sizes for children with LI were calculated using fall and spring norm-referenced language measures for 497 children with LI receiving business-as-usual therapy in the public schools.

Results

Considerable variability was found in expected change across both samples of children over time, with preschoolers exhibiting larger effect sizes (
d
= 0.82 and 0.70, respectively) compared with school-age children (
d
= 0.49 and 0.55, respectively).

Conclusions
This study provides a first step toward establishing empirically based language benchmarks for children. These data offer stakeholders an initial tool for setting goals based on expected growth (practitioners), making informed decisions on language-based curricula (policymakers), and measuring effectiveness of intervention research (researchers).
Assessing Vowel Centralization in Dysarthria: A Comparison of Methods
Authors: Fletcher Annalise R. , McAuliffe Megan J. , Lansford Kaitlin L. , Liss Julie M. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The strength of the relationship between vowel centralization measures and perceptual ratings of dysarthria severity has varied considerably across reports. This article evaluates methods of acoustic-perceptual analysis to determine whether procedural changes can strengthen the association between these measures.

Method
Sixty-one speakers (17 healthy individuals and 44 speakers with dysarthria) read a standard passage. To obtain acoustic data, 2 points of formant extraction (midpoint and articulatory point) and 2 frequency measures (Hz and Bark) were trialed. Both vowel space area and an adapted formant centralization ratio were calculated using first and second formants of speakers' corner vowels. Twenty-eight listeners rated speech samples using different prompts: one with a focus on intelligibility, the other on speech precision.

Results
Perceptually, listener ratings of speech precision provided the best index of acoustic change. Acoustically, the combined use of an articulatory-based formant extraction point, Bark frequency units, and the formant centralization ratio was most effective in explaining perceptual ratings. This combination of procedures resulted in an increase of 17% to 27% explained variance between measures.

Conclusions
The procedures researchers use to assess articulatory impairment can significantly alter the strength of relationship between acoustic and perceptual measures. Procedures that maximize this relationship are recommended.
Impact of on‐board tutoring systems to improve driving efficiency of non‐professional drivers
Authors: Pozueco Laura , Rionda Abel , García Pañeda Alejandro , Sánchez José Antonio , García Pañeda Xabiel , García Roberto , Melendi David , García Tuero Alejandro 
Published: January 2017

Efficient driving has been positioned as the most popular alternative to reduce air pollution and obtain fuel savings. However, efficient driving requires a continuous learning process in order to prevent users reverting to their original habits. To facilitate the learning process, on‐board tutoring systems have appeared. In this study, the authors analyse in detail the impact of two types of such eco‐feedback devices on driver's behaviour. The evaluated tutoring systems include information related to the optimal engaged gear, but also related to other safety and comfort parameters. Their analysis is based on one of the largest and heterogeneous population groups of non‐professional drivers who have participated in experiments with feedback devices specifically designed to achieve more efficient driving. A total number of 158 volunteers participated in the experiments covering periods of time between 3 and 11 months and using the feedback devices during their daily routine. Results show that, in general, users evolve positively following the eco‐driving recommendations throughout the duration of the experiments. In addition, there are significant differences in the use of the tutoring system depending on the type of route, the time of day and other factors such as age or gender.
Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone inhibit proliferation induced by inflammation in prostatic epithelial cells
Authors: Popovics Petra , Schally Andrew V. , Salgueiro Luis , Kovacs Krisztina , Rick Ferenc G. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
The current therapeutic approaches to the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) do not take into consideration that inflammation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. We previously demonstrated that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists reduce prostatic weights and decrease the level of inflammatory cytokines in a testosterone-induced BPH model. This study sheds light on the paracrine roles of GHRH in prostatic inflammation and demonstrates that GHRH stimulates the growth of BPH-1 and primary prostate epithelial spheres and that GHRH antagonists reduce prostate volume in an experimental model of prostatic inflammation.
Eugenics: A Very Short introduction
Authors: Levine Philippa 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The word “eugenics” was coined in 1883 by Francis Galton to express his dream of perfecting the human race by applying the laws of genetic heredity. Eugenics: A Very Short Introduction tackles the intricate and controversial history of eugenics. It synthesizes the enormous range of policies and experiments carried out in the name of eugenics around the world throughout the twentieth century. It questions the widespread belief that eugenics disappeared after World War II and evaluates the impact of eugenics on current reproductive and genetic sciences. Charting the development of such controversial practices as artificial insemination, sperm donation, and population control, this VSI offers a timely reflection on the frequent interplay between genetics and ethics.
The southern leading and trailing wraps of the Sagittarius tidal stream around the globular cluster Whiting 1
Authors: Carballo-Bello J. A. , Corral-Santana J. M. , Martínez-Delgado D. , Sollima A. , Muñoz R. R. , Côté P. , Duffau S. , Catelan M. , Grebel E. K. 
Published: January 2017

We present a study of the kinematics of 101 stars observed with VIsible MultiObject Spectrograph around Whiting 1, a globular cluster embedded in the Sagittarius tidal stream. The obtained velocity distribution shows the presence of two wraps of that halo substructure at the same heliocentric distance as that of the cluster and with well-differentiated mean radial velocities. The most prominent velocity component seems to be associated with the trailing arm of Sagittarius with 〈vr〉 ∼ −130 km s−1, which is consistent with the velocity of Whiting 1. This result supports that this globular cluster was formed in Sagittarius and recently accreted by the Milky Way. The second component with 〈vr〉 ∼ 120 km s−1 might correspond to the leading arm of Sagittarius, which has been predicted by numerical simulations but with no conclusive observational evidence of its existence presented so far. This detection of the old leading wrap of Sagittarius in the Southern hemisphere may be used to confirm and further constrain the models for its orbit and evolution.
The ALMA view of W33A: a spiral filament feeding the candidate disc in MM1-Main
Authors: Maud L. T. , Hoare M. G. , Galván-Madrid R. , Zhang Q. , de Wit W. J. , Keto E. , Johnston K. G. , Pineda J. E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We targeted the massive star-forming region W33A using the Atacama large sub/millimeter array in bands 6 (230 GHz) and 7 (345 GHz) to search for a sub-1000 au disc around the central O-type massive young stellar object W33A MM1-Main. Our data achieve a resolution of ∼0.2 arcsec (∼500 au) and resolve the central core, MM1, into multiple components and reveal complex and filamentary structures. There is strong molecular line emission covering the entire MM1 region. The kinematic signatures are inconsistent with only Keplerian rotation although we propose that the shift in the emission line centroids within ∼1000 au of MM1-Main could hint at an underlying compact disc with Keplerian rotation. We cannot however rule out the possibility of an unresolved binary or multiple system. A putative smaller disc could be fed by the large-scale spiral ‘feeding filament’ we detect in both gas and dust emission. We also discuss the nature of the now-resolved continuum sources.
New quantum chemical computations of formamide deuteration support gas-phase formation of this prebiotic molecule
Authors: Skouteris D. , Vazart F. , Ceccarelli C. , Balucani N. , Puzzarini C. , Barone V. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Based on recent work, formamide might be a potentially very important molecule in the emergence of terrestrial life. Although detected in the interstellar medium for decades, its formation route is still debated, whether in the gas phase or on the dust grain surfaces. Molecular deuteration has proven to be, in other cases, an efficient way to identify how a molecule is synthesized. For formamide, new published observations towards the IRAS16293-2422 B hot corino show that its three deuterated forms have all the same deuteration ratio, 2–5 per cent and that this is a factor of 3–8 smaller than that measured for H2CO towards the IRAS16293-2422 protostar. Following a previous work on the gas-phase formamide formation via the reaction NH2 + H2CO → HCONH2 + H, we present here new calculations of the rate coefficients for the production of monodeuterated formamide through the same reaction, starting from monodeuterated NH2 or H2CO. Some misconceptions regarding our previous treatment of the reaction are also cleared up. The results of the new computations show that, at the 100 K temperature of the hot corino, the rate of deuteration of the three forms is the same, within 20 per cent. On the contrary, the reaction between non-deuterated species proceeds three times faster than that with deuterated ones. These results confirm that a gas-phase route for the formation of formamide is perfectly in agreement with the available observations.