bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for early-onset neurological disorders caused by mutations in human selenocysteine synthase
Authors: Puppala Anupama K. , French Rachel L. , Matthies Doreen , Baxa Ulrich , Subramaniam Sriram , Simonović Miljan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSelenocysteine synthase (SepSecS) catalyzes the terminal reaction of selenocysteine, and is vital for human selenoproteome integrity. Autosomal recessive inheritance of mutations in SepSecS–Ala239Thr, Thr325Ser, Tyr334Cys and Tyr429*–induced severe, early-onset, neurological disorders in distinct human populations. Although harboring different mutant alleles, patients presented remarkably similar phenotypes typified by cerebellar and cerebral atrophy, seizures, irritability, ataxia, and extreme spasticity. However, it has remained unclear how these genetic alterations affected the structure of SepSecS and subsequently elicited the development of a neurological pathology. Herein, our biophysical and structural characterization demonstrates that, with the exception of Tyr429*, pathogenic mutations decrease protein stability and trigger protein misfolding. We propose that the reduced stability and increased propensity towards misfolding are the main causes for the loss of SepSecS activity in afflicted patients, and that these factors contribute to disease progression. We also suggest that misfolding of enzymes regulating protein synthesis should be considered in the diagnosis and study of childhood neurological disorders.
Sensitivity of density-dependent threshold to species composition in arthropod aggregates
Authors: Broly Pierre , Ectors Quentin , Decuyper Geoffrey , Nicolis Stamatios C. , Deneubourg Jean-Louis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHow mixed-species groups perform collective behaviours provides unique insights into the mechanisms that drive social interactions. Herein, we followed the aggregation process of two isopod species under monospecific and heterospecific conditions at three population densities. Our experimental results show that the formation of both the monospecific and heterospecific groups responds to a similar threshold function. Furthermore, the two species contribute equally to the mixed-species aggregate growth and are not spatiotemporally segregated. However, we show that the cohesion is weaker and the probability of forming aggregations is lower in heterospecific groups than in monospecific populations. Thus, our results show that amplification processes are shared between species, but that the weighting given to conspecific and heterospecific information differs. We develop a theoretical model to test this hypothesis. The model reproduces our experimental data and shows that a relatively low level of inter-attractions between species is able to generate mixed-species aggregates. Moreover the greater the total population, the lower this parameter value is needed to observe aggregation in both species. This highlights the importance to study not only qualitatively but also quantitatively the heterospecific interactions in mixed-species groups. Finally, the patterns observed could be biologically relevant in favouring the association between species.
A Nomogram for Predicting the Pathological Response of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Jin Xi , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Chen Sheng , Shao Zhi-Ming , Di Gen-Hong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe value of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) patients is still controversial. We aimed to identify predictors and construct a nomogram for predicting the pathologically complete response (pCR) of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) after NCT in node positive breast cancer patients. In total, 426 patients with pathologically proven ALN metastasis before NCT were enrolled, randomized 1:1 and divided into a training set and a validation set. We developed a nomogram based on independent predictors for ALN pCR identified by multivariate logistic regression as well as clinical significant predictors. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hormone receptor (HR) status, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) status and Ki67 index were independent predictors. The nomogram was thereby constructed by those independent predictors as well as tumor size and NCT regimens. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training set and the validation set were 0.804 and 0.749, respectively. We constructed a nomogram for predicting ALN pCR in patients who received NCT. Our nomogram can improve risk stratification, accurately predict post-NCT ALN status and avoid unnecessary ALN dissection.
Fixturing impacts on high‐frequency low‐resistance, low‐inductance impedance measurements
Authors: Lemmon A. , Freeborn T.J. , Shahabi A. 
Published: August 2016

Multiple off‐the‐shelf test‐fixtures are available to interface a device‐under‐test (DUT) to an impedance analyser to characterise its electrical properties. The impact of three available fixtures on the measured impedance of a low‐resistance, low‐inductance DUT requiring high‐frequency (≥100 MHz) characterisation are compared with a custom fixture. The custom fixture is shown to provide a higher accuracy than the off‐the‐shelf fixtures, highlighting that low‐resistance, low‐inductance devices require carefully constructed fixtures for characterisation. The experimental results collected using the fixtures are validated against a finite‐element‐analysis model of the DUT.
Comparison of adaptive traffic control benefits for recurring and non‐recurring traffic conditions
Authors: Stevanovic Aleksandar , Dakic Igor , Zlatkovic Milan 
Published: August 2016

When adaptive traffic control systems are deployed in the field, agencies install them for one of two reasons: (i) to cope with day‐to‐day traffic fluctuations and/or (ii) to address frequent but sudden cases with special traffic (incidents, inclement weather etc.). There is an ongoing debate among researchers in which of these two cases adaptive systems are more effective. Yet, no previous studies have examined this issue with enough rigour and attention. This study compares InSync adaptive traffic control system to three conventional time‐of‐day (TOD) signal timing plans in a microsimulation environment to address aforementioned research question. A comprehensive set of scenarios and performance measures has been prepared to evaluate, in microsimulation, operations of an adaptive system InSync on a 12‐intersection corridor along SR‐421 in Volusia County, FL. The Vissim model of SR‐421 was carefully calibrated and validated to resemble the field conditions. The findings show that InSync outperformed the TOD signal timing plans on various spatial levels and its performance made bigger savings in the case of special non‐recurring traffic conditions.
High step‐up/step‐down non‐isolated BDC with built‐in DC‐transformer for energy storage systems
Authors: Wu Hongfei , Lu Yangjun , Chen Liqun , Xu Peng , Xiao Xi , Xing Yan 
Published: August 2016

A non‐isolated bidirectional DC–DC converter (BDC) is proposed for high step‐up/step‐down bidirectional power conversion applications. A DC‐transformer is integrated into a conventional non‐isolated buck–boost BDC to achieve high‐voltage conversion ratio and wide voltage/power range regulation simultaneously. The switches are shared by the buck–boost BDC and the DC‐transformer. Voltage stresses of switches are reduced by connecting the input and output of the DC‐transformer in‐series. The duty cycles of switches are used to make sure that the voltages on the two sides of the DC‐transformer are matched. As a result, the DC‐transformer always operates under the highest‐efficiency condition. The phase‐shift angle between the switching bridges is employed to achieve the power flow regulation. Soft‐switching of all the switches is achieved by adopting the pulse‐width modulation plus phase‐shift control strategy. Operation principles, characteristics and design considerations of the proposed BDC are analysed in detail. Experimental results from a 48 V/400 V–1 kW prototype verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. The efficiency is demonstrated to peak at 96.6% for both the step‐up and step‐down modes.
Archaeal flagellin combines a bacterial type IV pilin domain with an Ig-like domain
Authors: Braun Tatjana , Vos Matthijn R. , Kalisman Nir , Sherman Nicholas E. , Rachel Reinhard , Wirth Reinhard , Schröder Gunnar F. , Egelman Edward H. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Bacterial motility has been studied for many years, but much less is known about the flagellar system in archaea that provides motility. We have determined the structure of a flagellar-like filament from an archaeon using cryo-EM and can show how it has evolved combining domains from two different protein families. The mechanical properties of the filament are now explained from a computational analysis of the atomic model that we have been able to build. These results provide insights into how motile systems can arise by convergent evolution.
Against the new Cartesian Circle
Authors: Fulmer Everett , Ragland C.P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn two recent papers, Michael Della Rocca accuses Descartes of reasoning circularly in the Fourth Meditation. This alleged new circle is distinct from, and more vicious than, the traditional Cartesian Circle arising in the Third Meditation. We explain Della Rocca’s reasons for this accusation, showing that his argument is invalid.
Microstructure and properties of lead-free brasses using post-processing heat treatment cycles
Authors: Toulfatzis A. I. , Pantazopoulos G. A. , Paipetis A. S. 
Published: August 2016

We report the tailoring of the microstructure of lead-free brasses with a view to improving their machinability via the controlled augmentation of the β-phase. This should be performed while keeping the mechanical properties within the EN standard, as β-phase augmentation can lead to embrittlement. Twenty seven heat treatment protocols were performed in order to transform the microstructure and consequently modify the properties of three lead-free brasses. The most successful heat treatment was chosen for each studied alloy according to the above criteria. The selected protocols led to a combination of β-phase augmentation with mechanical properties conforming to standards providing a promising ground for improved machinability performance. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Brass Alloys.
Evaluation of a Sterile-Male Release Technique: A Case Study of Invasive Sea Lamprey Control in a Tributary of the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Bravener Gale , Twohey Michael 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Invasive species can have detrimental impacts on native species and ecosystem services for humans. A technique that involves sterilization and release of males into wild populations of the same species can be useful in the control of invasive or pest species. A sterile-male release technique (SMRT) was used on a novel vertebrate system, the invasive Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus in the Great Lakes, in an attempt to control population size. Sea Lamprey populations in the Great Lakes have been suppressed since the 1950s by (1) pesticide applications to kill larvae in streams and (2) barriers to block upstream spawning migrations. Here, we present a literature review and meta-analysis of the SMRT by using a case study from the St. Marys River, where the SMRT was applied as an experimental method of Sea Lamprey control from 1991 to 2011. Observations obtained from the St. Marys River during and after SMRT application were used to evaluate whether the SMRT was effective at suppressing reproduction. Males were successfully sterilized and exhibited normal mating behaviors. The survival of embryos in nests was lower during the years when the SMRT was applied (32%) than during the post-SMRT period (67%). The overall distribution of embryo viability in the river shifted after the SMRT was applied. During the SMRT application period, the observed ratios of sterile males to normal (fertile) males on nests were significantly different than expected, possibly due to an underestimation of adult Sea Lamprey abundance in the St. Marys River. Even at lower sterile male : normal male ratios, the number of viable embryos produced would have declined, but the level of reproductive suppression required to overcome recruitment variability was unclear. We discuss the effectiveness of the SMRT as it pertains to the Sea Lamprey, and we highlight difficulties in data interpretation and provide future direction for similar control programs.
Received December 1, 2015; accepted June 16, 2016 Published online August 31, 2016
Vitamin B1-deficient mice show impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory formation and loss of hippocampal neurons and dendritic spines: potential microendophenotypes of Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome
Authors: Inaba Hiroyoshi , Kishimoto Takuya , Oishi Satoru , Nagata Kan , Hasegawa Shunsuke , Watanabe Tamae , Kida Satoshi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Patients with severe Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) associated with vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency (TD) show enduring impairment of memory formation. The mechanisms of memory impairment induced by TD remain unknown. Here, we show that hippocampal degeneration is a potential microendophenotype (an endophenotype of brain disease at the cellular and synaptic levels) of WKS in pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) mice, a rodent model of WKS. PTD mice show deficits in the hippocampus-dependent memory formation, although they show normal hippocampus-independent memory. Similarly with WKS, impairments in memory formation did not recover even at 6 months after treatment with PTD. Importantly, PTD mice exhibit a decrease in neurons in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus and reduced density of wide dendritic spines in the DG. Our findings suggest that TD induces hippocampal degeneration, including the loss of neurons and spines, thereby leading to enduring impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory formation.
Theory spectra and classes of theories
Authors: Andrews Uri , Cai Mingzhong , Diamondstone David , Lempp Steffen , Miller Joseph 
Published: August 2016

We analyze the spectra of theories that are

ω
\omega

-stable, theories whose spectra include almost every degree, and theories with uniformly arithmetical

n
n

-quantifier fragments. We answer a question from Andrews and Miller (2015) by showing that there are

ω
\omega

-stable theories whose spectra are not structure spectra. We show that the spectrum created by Andrews and Knight (2013) is not the spectrum of an

ω
\omega

-stable theory, but is the minimal spectrum of any theory with uniformly arithmetical

n
n

-quantifier fragments. In addition, we give examples of theory spectra that contain almost every degree, including ones that are known not to be structure spectra.
The riceYABBY4gene regulates plant growth and development through modulating the gibberellin pathway
Authors: Yang Chao , Ma Yamei , Li Jianxiong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractYABBY genes encode seed plant-specific transcription factors that play pivotal roles in diverse aspects of leaf, shoot, and flower development. Members of the YABBY gene family are primarily expressed in lateral organs in a polar manner and function to specify abaxial cell fate in dicotyledons, but this polar expression is not conserved in monocotyledons. The function of YABBY genes is therefore not well understood in monocotyledons. Here we show that overexpression of the rice ( Oryza sativa L.) YABBY4 gene ( OsYABBY4 ) leads to a semi-dwarf phenotype, abnormal development in the uppermost internode, an increased number of floral organs, and insensitivity to gibberellin (GA) treatment. We report on an important role for OsYABBY4 in negative control of the expression of a GA biosynthetic gene by binding to the promoter region of the gibberellin 20-oxidase 2 gene ( GA20ox2 ), which is a direct target of SLR1 (the sole DELLA protein negatively controlling GA responses in rice). OsYABBY4 also suppresses the expression level of SLR1 and interacts with SLR1 protein. The interaction inhibits GA-dependent degradation of SLR1 and therefore leads to GA insensitivity. These data together suggest that OsYABBY4 serves as a DNA-binding intermediate protein for SLR1 and is associated with the GA signaling pathway regulating gene expression during plant growth and development.
Linking fluid and kinetic scales in solar wind turbulence
Authors: Telloni Daniele , Bruno Roberto 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We investigate possible links between the large-scale and small-scale features of solar wind fluctuations across the frequency break separating fluid and kinetic regimes. The aim is to correlate the magnetic field fluctuations polarization at dissipative scales with the particular state of turbulence within the inertial range of fluctuations. We found clear correlations between each type of polarization within the kinetic regime and fluid parameters within the inertial range. Moreover, for the first time in literature, we showed that left-handed and right-handed polarized fluctuations occupy different areas of the plasma instabilities–temperature anisotropy plot, as expected for Alfvén ion cyclotron and kinetic Alfvén waves, respectively.
Do sound waves transport the AGN energy in the Perseus cluster?
Authors: Fabian A. C. , Walker S. A. , Russell H. R. , Pinto C. , Sanders J. S. , Reynolds C. S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The level of random motions in the intracluster gas lying between 20 and 60 kpc radius in the core of the Perseus cluster has been measured by the Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) at 164 ± 10 km s−1. The maximum energy density in turbulent motions on that scale is therefore low. If dissipated as heat, the turbulent energy will be radiated away in less than 80 Myr and cannot spread across the core. A higher velocity is needed to prevent a cooling collapse. Gravity waves are shown to travel too slowly in a radial direction. Here we investigate propagation of energy by sound waves. The energy travels at ∼ 1000 km s−1 and can cross the core in a cooling time. We show that the displacement velocity amplitude of the gas required to carry the power is consistent with the Hitomi result and that the inferred density and temperature variations are consistent with Chandra observations.
CD4 Variability in Malawi: Implications for Use of a CD4 Threshold of 500 Cells/mm3 Versus Universal Eligibility for Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Schooley Alan L. , Kamudumuli Pocha Samuel , Vangala Sitaram , Tseng Chi-hong , Soko Chifundo , Parent Julie , Phiri Khumbo , Jahn Andreas , Namarika Dan , Hoffman Risa M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background.  Given the uncertainty about the ability of a single CD4 count to accurately classify a patient as antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligible, we sought to understand the extent to which CD4 variability results in misclassification at a CD4 threshold of 500 cells/mm3.
Methods.  We performed a prospective study of CD4 variability in Malawian human immunodeficiency virus-infected, ART-naive, World Health Organization (WHO) stage 1 or 2, nonpregnant adults. CD4 counts were performed daily for 8 days. We fit a Bayesian linear mixed-effects model of log-transformed CD4 cell counts to the data. We used Monte Carlo approximations to estimate misclassification rates for different observed values of CD4. The misclassification rate was calculated based on the conditional probability of true CD4 given the geometric mean of observed CD4 measurements.
Results.  Fifty patients were enrolled from 2 sites. The median age was 33.5 years (interquartile range, 27.5–40.0) and 34 (68%) were female. Misclassification rates were &lt;1% when the observed CD4 counts were ≤250 or ≥750 cells/mm3. Rates of misclassification were high at observed CD4 counts between 350 and 650 cells/mm3, particularly when a single measurement was used (up to 46.7%).
Conclusions.  Our data show that ART eligibility based on a single CD4 count results in highest risk of misclassification when observed CD4 counts are in the range of 350–650 cells/mm3. Given the benefits of early ART, countries should weigh the costs and complexity of CD4 testing using a 500 cell/mm3 threshold against the cost savings and public health benefits of universal eligibility.
Risk Factors for Influenza A(H7N9) Disease in China, a Matched Case Control Study, October 2014 to April 2015
Authors: Zhou Lei , Ren Ruiqi , Ou Jianming , Kang Min , Wang Xiaoxiao , Havers Fiona , Huo Xiang , Liu Xiaoqing , Sun Qianlai , He Yongchao , Liu Bo , Wu Shenggen , Wang Yali , Sui Haitian , Zhang Yongjie , Tang Shaopei , Chang Caiyun , Xiang Lunhui , Wang Dong , Zhao Shiguang , Zhou Suizan , Chen Tao , Xiang Nijuan , Greene Carolyn M. , Zhang Yanping , Shu Yuelong , Feng Zijian , Li Qun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground.  Human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus have been associated with exposure to poultry and live poultry markets (LPMs). We conducted a case-control study to identify additional and more specific risk factors.Methods.  Cases were laboratory-confirmed A(H7N9) infections in persons in China reported from October 1, 2014 to April 30, 2015. Poultry workers, those with insufficient data, and those refusing participation were excluded. We matched up to 4 controls per case by sex, age, and residential community. Using conditional logistic regression, we examined associations between A(H7N9) infection and potential risk factors.Results.  Eighty-five cases and 334 controls were enrolled with similar demographic characteristics. Increased risk of A(H7N9) infection was associated with the following: visiting LPMs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–15.3), direct contact with live poultry in LPMs (aOR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1–15.6), stopping at a live poultry stall when visiting LPMs (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1–6.9), raising backyard poultry at home (aOR, 7.7; 95% CI, 2.0–30.5), direct contact with backyard poultry (aOR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.1–22.1), and having ≥1 chronic disease (aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5–6.5).Conclusions.  Our study identified raising backyard poultry at home as a risk factor for illness with A(H7N9), suggesting the need for enhanced avian influenza surveillance in rural areas.
Continued Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Artemisinin in Guyana, With Absence of Kelch Propeller Domain Mutant Alleles
Authors: Rahman Reyaud , Martin Maria Jesus Sanchez , Persaud Shamdeo , Ceron Nicolas , Kellman Dwayne , Musset Lise , Carter Keith H. , Ringwald Pascal 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Because of concerns about possible emergence of artemisinin resistance strains of Plasmodium falciparum in mining areas of the interior of Guyana, a 7-day artesunate trial was conducted from March to December 2014. The day-3 parasite clearance rate, the efficacy of artesunate at day 28, and polymorphism of Kelch 13 (PfK13)—the marker of artemisinin resistance—were assessed. The study confirmed the continued sensitivity of P falciparum to artemisinin. A 7-day course of artesunate was 100% efficacious with only 2% (95% confidence interval, .1%–10.9%) of enrolled subjects positive at day 3. All day-0 parasite samples were wild type. Continued resistance monitoring is nevertheless recommended, given the widespread availability and uncontrolled use of artemisinin drugs in mining areas of Guyana.