bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of toll‐like receptor 4 and IL‐6 following irradiation of the rat urinary bladder
Authors: Giglio D , Wasén C , Mölne J , Suchy D , Swanpalmer J , Jabonero Valbuena J , Tobin G , Ny L 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe pathophysiology behind radiation cystitis is poorly understood. Here we investigated whether bladder irradiation affects the immune system of the rat urinary bladder. Female rats were sedated and exposed to one single radiation dose of 20 Gy or only sedated (controls) and killed 16 h to 14 days later. Rats were placed in a metabolic cage at 16 h, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days following bladder irradiation. The urinary bladders were harvested and analysed with qPCR, immunohistochemistry and/or Western blot for the expression of interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐13, nitric oxide synthases (eNOS, iNOS and nNOS), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). Urine was collected and analysed for IL‐6 and nitrite (reflecting nitric oxide activity) with ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. Irradiation increased bladder frequency and decreased voiding volumes 14 days following bladder irradiation. Bladder irradiation increased the expression of IL‐10 and collagen in the bladder, while TLR4 and IL‐6 expressions were decreased in the urothelium concomitantly with a decrease in mast cells in the submucosa and urine levels of IL‐6 and nitrite. The present findings show that bladder irradiation leads to urodynamic changes in the bladder and may suppress important immunoregulatory pathways in the urinary bladder.
Phylogenomic analysis of lipid biosynthetic genes of Archaea shed light on the ‘lipid divide’
Authors: Villanueva Laura , Schouten Stefan , Damsté Jaap S. Sinninghe 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe lipid membrane is one of the most characteristic traits distinguishing the three domains of life. Membrane lipids of Bacteria and Eukarya are composed of fatty acids linked to glycerol‐3‐phosphate (G3P) via ester bonds, while those of Archaea possess isoprene‐based alkyl chains linked by ether linkages to glycerol‐1‐phosphate (G1P), resulting in the opposite stereochemistry of the glycerol phosphate backbone. This ‘lipid divide’ has raised questions on the evolution of microbial life since eukaryotes are thought to have evolved from the Archaea, requiring a radical change in membrane composition. Here, we searched for homologs of enzymes involved in membrane lipid and fatty acid synthesis in a wide variety of archaeal genomes and performed phylogenomic analyses. We found that two uncultured archaeal groups, i.e. marine euryarchaeota group II/III and ‘Lokiarchaeota’, recently discovered descendants of the archaeal ancestor leading to eukaryotes, lack the gene to synthesize G1P and, consequently, the capacity to synthesize archaeal membrane lipids. However, our analyses reveal their genetic capacity to synthesize G3P‐based ‘chimeric lipids’ with either two ether‐bound isoprenoidal chains or with an ester‐bound fatty acid instead of an ether‐bound isoprenoid. These archaea may reflect the ‘archaea‐to‐eukaryote’ membrane transition stage which have led to the current ‘lipid divide’.
Genomic resolution of a cold subsurface aquifer community provides metabolic insights for novel microbes adapted to high CO2 concentrations
Authors: Probst Alexander J. , Castelle Cindy J. , Singh Andrea , Brown Christopher T. , Anantharaman Karthik , Sharon Itai , Hug Laura A. , Burstein David , Emerson Joanne B. , Thomas Brian C. , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAs in many deep underground environments, the microbial communities in subsurface high‐CO2 ecosystems remain relatively unexplored. Recent investigations based on single‐gene assays revealed a remarkable variety of organisms from little studied phyla in Crystal Geyser (Utah, USA), a site where deeply sourced CO2‐saturated fluids are erupted at the surface. To provide genomic resolution of the metabolisms of these organisms, we used a novel metagenomic approach to recover 227 high‐quality genomes from 150 microbial species affiliated with 46 different phylum‐level lineages. Bacteria from two novel phylum‐level lineages have the capacity for CO2 fixation. Analyses of carbon fixation pathways in all studied organisms revealed that the Wood‐Ljungdahl pathway and the Calvin‐Benson‐Bassham Cycle occurred with the highest frequency, whereas the reverse TCA cycle was little used. We infer that this, and selection for form II RuBisCOs, are adaptions to high CO2‐concentrations. However, many autotrophs can also grow mixotrophically, a strategy that confers metabolic versatility. The assignment of 156 hydrogenases to 90 different organisms suggests that H2 is an important inter‐species energy currency even under gaseous CO2‐saturation. Overall, metabolic analyses at the organism level provided insight into the biochemical cycles that support subsurface life under the extreme condition of CO2 saturation.
‘They won't change it back in their heads that we're trash’: the intersection of sex work‐related stigma and evolving policing strategies
Authors: Krüsi Andrea , Kerr Thomas , Taylor Christina , Rhodes Tim , Shannon Kate 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn Vancouver, Canada, there has been a continuous shift in the policing of sex work away from arresting sex workers, which led to the implementation of a policing strategy that explicitly prioritised the safety of sex workers and continued to target sex workers’ clients. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 26 cisgender and five transgender women street‐based sex workers about their working conditions. Data were analysed thematically and by drawing on concepts of structural stigma and vulnerability. Our results indicated that despite police rhetoric of prioritising the safety of sex workers, participants were denied their citizenship rights for police protection by virtue of their ‘risky’ occupation and were thus responsiblised for sex work related violence. Our findings further suggest that sex workers’ interactions with neighbourhood residents were predominantly shaped by a discourse of sex workers as a ‘risky’ presence in the urban landscape and police took swift action in removing sex workers in the case of complaints. This study highlights that intersecting regimes of stigmatisation and criminalisation continued to undermine sex workers citizenship rights to police protection and legal recourse and perpetuated labour conditions that render sex workers at increased risk for violence and poor health.
Textual Analysis in Accounting and Finance: A Survey
Authors: LOUGHRAN TIM , MCDONALD BILL 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTRelative to quantitative methods traditionally used in accounting and finance, textual analysis is substantially less precise. Thus, understanding the art is of equal importance to understanding the science. In this survey, we describe the nuances of the method and, as users of textual analysis, some of the tripwires in implementation. We also review the contemporary textual analysis literature and highlight areas of future research.
Real Estate and Consumption Growth as Common Risk Factors in Asset Pricing Models
Authors: Carmichael Benoît , Coën Alain 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUsing a linear multifactor pricing model, we study the influence of equity market, the consumption growth and the return on real estate wealth on asset returns. The real estate risk factor is proxied alternatively by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) index, unlevered NAREIT index and National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries property index. Estimates are based on CRSP's monthly decile portfolio returns from January 1972 to December 2013 (including the Vintage REIT era and the New REIT era). Generalized method of moment results show that the real estate factor is particularly useful to explain the cross‐sectional variation of returns in the last two decades generally associated with the so‐called real estate bubble.
Fatal Firearm Injuries in Tennessee: A Comparison Study of Tennessee's Two Most Populous Counties 2009–2012
Authors: Hawes Amy McMaster , Chancellor Karen E. , Rogers William R. , Ledford Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFirearm injuries are a leading cause of violent death in Tennessee. This study was designed to compare the demographic and epidemiologic features of fatal firearm injuries in Shelby County and Davidson County, Tennessee between 2009 and 2012. We identified 1081 gunshot fatalities for the study period in these two counties. Shelby County had a higher overall, age‐adjusted gunshot mortality rate, a higher male age‐adjusted gunshot mortality rate, and a higher age‐adjusted gunshot homicide rate than Davidson. Age groups 25–34 years and 35–44 years had higher crude mortality rates for gunshot deaths in Shelby County than Davidson County. Both counties had higher age‐adjusted gunshot mortality rates for black males than white males, higher homicide rate for black race than white, and higher suicide rate for white race than black. Homicide was the most common manner of death, and handguns were the most common type of firearm used in both counties.
Hand‐assisted laparoscopic colorectal surgery with double‐glove technique
Authors: Vaccarezza Hernán , Sahovaler Axel , Im Víctor , Rossi Gustavo , Vaccaro Carlos 
Published: April 2016

AimThe hand‐assisted laparoscopic colorectal surgery (HALS) preserves the advantages of the minimally‐invasive approach. However, its application has faced resistance due to the need of hand port devices and its increased costs. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of an original technique using a double glove to keep pneumoperitoneum.Patients and methodsAll patients operated with the HALS approach between 2004 and 2011 were analysed. Intraoperative and postoperative variables were also analysed. All procedures were performed with a double‐glove technique to preserve the pneumoperitoneum.ResultsThere were 217 patients included in the present study (52 per cent males, mean age of 71 years and mean body mass index of 26.5 kg/m2). The median operating time was 150 min. The mean port number used was three, with a mean wound size of 5.25 cm. The conversion rate was 6 per cent, and the morbidity rate was 8.7 per cent with no postoperative deaths. The median hospital stay was 3 days. Mean harvested nodes were 16 (95 per cent confidence interval: 15–17). The readmission and reoperation rates were 2.3 per cent and 0.9 per cent, respectively.ConclusionThe double‐glove hand‐assisted laparoscopic technique represents a feasible option with good postoperative outcomes. Additionally, it represents a good cost‐effective alternative.
Influence of Subtropical Region Strawberry Cultivars on Jelly Characteristics
Authors: Curi Paula Nogueira , de Sousa Tavares Bruna , de Almeida Aline Botelho , Pio Rafael , Peche Pedro Maranha , de Souza Vanessa Rios 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAt the end of the production period of strawberries grown in subtropical regions, postharvest durability is severely diminished due to rising temperatures which compromises the commercialization of fresh fruit. An ideal option would be to process strawberries in the form of preserves, jams, and jellies. Along this line it becomes extremely important to conduct a survey of which cultivars grown in subtropical regions are more suitable for processing in the form of jelly, as well as to understand what the consumer profile is for this product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different strawberry cultivars grown in subtropical regions of Brazil (Camarosa, Festival, San Andreas, Oso Grande, Camino Real, and Albion) on the physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of the resulting jelly in order to identify cultivars with the greatest potential for industrial use. The strawberry cultivars presented different physicochemical characteristics which resulted in jellies with different physicochemical and rheological characteristics. In this study, however, we verified that all cultivars have potential to be processed in the form of jelly due to good acceptance of all formulations prepared. In general consumers prefer a lighter‐colored strawberry jelly, with a less intense red color, more acidic, and less consistent/firm.
Low genome content diversity of marine planktonic Thaumarchaeota
Authors: Luo Haiwei , Sun Ying , Hollibaugh James T. , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: April 2016

SummaryMembers of Thaumarchaeota are responsible for much of the ammonia oxidation occurring in the ocean. Recent studies showed that marine Thaumarchaeota have versatile metabolic capabilities, but sequencing additional genomes has not significantly increased the gene content ascribed to this group. We used the assembly‐free dN pipeline software in combination with phylogenetic analyses to interrogate shotgun metagenomic data sets to gain a better understanding of the genomic diversity of Thaumarchaeota populations. The program confidently assigned ∼3,000 paired‐end reads to Thaumarchaeota, independent of homologies to any known Thaumarchaeota genome sequence. Only 2% of these reads potentially harbor new genes that were absent from the genome of ‘Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus’ str. SCM1, even though this strain was isolated from a marine aquarium rather than directly from the ocean. One of these novel genes encode proteins associated with the CRISPR/Cas system, Cas1, suggesting that phage defense through CRISPR may be also present in planktonic Thaumarchaeota lineages. Our results suggest that marine Thaumarchaeota populations have very low diversity in genome content, which is corroborated using computer simulation analyses of two bacterial lineages with known genome content diversity.
Endoscopic stenting of acutely obstructing colorectal cancer: a 10‐year review from a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Padwick Robert T. , Chauhan Vishnusai , Newman Matthew , Francombe James , Osborne Martin J. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundInsertion of self‐expanding metallic stents for obstructing colorectal cancer (CRC) is a potential alternative to emergency resection, but evidence regarding efficacy is inconclusive. We aim to assess local efficacy of stent insertion for obstructing CRC, and to establish whether the service could be offered regionally.MethodRetrospective patient data analysis using local paper notes and electronic records was performed. All patients underwent stent insertion for an obstructing CRC from April 2004 to March 2014. The main outcome measures were success of stent insertion, complications, further surgery and overall mortality.ResultsEighty‐nine stent insertions were performed. Twenty‐five were performed as a bridge to surgery, 49 due to advanced disease, 11 due to patient co‐morbidity and four due to patient choice. Time from referral to stent insertion for emergency referrals was 1–360 h (median 23). Eighty‐seven stents were successfully deployed. Perforation occurred in three patients and migration in nine patients. Twenty‐one patients underwent planned surgery (time to surgery was 2–208 days, median 24), 14 patients underwent emergency surgery (time to surgery was 0–277 days, median 11). Forty‐six patients have died since stent insertion (time to death was 0–42 months, median 6.04).ConclusionStent insertion for obstructing CRC is a viable alternative to emergency resection, with a low complication rate. Stent insertion may allow a proportion of patients to later undergo planned surgery. Stent insertion carries a lower peri‐procedure mortality than emergency resection. An acute stent insertion service for obstructing CRC could potentially be offered at regional level in our Trust.
Two‐stage surgery to repair a dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm in a severely obese patient: Open bifurcated graft replacement after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Shioi Yoshihiro , Sasaki Akira , Nitta Hiroyuki , Umemura Akira , Baba Shigeaki , Iwaya Takeshi , Kimura Yusuke , Otsuka Koki , Koeda Keisuke , Mizuno Masaru , Kumagai Kazuya , Kamada Takeshi , Mukaida Masayuki , Okabayashi Hitoshi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWith the increasing prevalence of severe obesity worldwide, surgical treatment for severely obese patients is becoming more popular. Bariatric surgery has occasionally been performed as a precursor to major operations for serious diseases to make these difficult surgeries safer for severely obese patients. We present the case of a severely obese patient with a dissected abdominal aortic aneurysm and left iliac artery aneurysm. Initially, we performed bariatric surgery on this patient to reduce perioperative risk and then subsequently performed bifurcated graft replacement. A 54‐year‐old man presented at our hospital for bariatric surgery before open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed; 15 months later, the patient's weight and BMI had decreased from 139.0 kg to 97.6 kg and from 48.7 kg/m2 to 34.2 kg/m2, respectively. Bifurcated graft replacement was performed safely without postoperative complications. Bariatric surgery was also effective in controlling the patient's blood pressure during the interval between surgeries.
Laparoscopic Hartmann reversal: Video presentation of a case
Authors: Su Jun , Chia Clement LK , Mantoo Surendra K 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic Hartmann reversal (LHR) has decreased postoperative recovery time and a lower wound infection rate compared to open HR. However its technical difficulty and high conversion rates make it a challenging procedure. We aim to demonstrate the technique of LHR via a video presentation. Our patient, a 64 year old Chinese man with no history of previous surgery underwent a Hartmann procedure for an obstructing sigmoid stricture secondary to diverticular disease. Three months later, he underwent an elective LHR.Materials and Surgical TechniqueA 10 mm port was initially inserted in the right iliac fossa under direct vision away from expected adhesions due to the previous midline incision. Additional 5mm working ports were inserted in the right flank and right hypochondrium. An additional 10mm optical port was then inserted in the epigastrium and the laparoscopic camera was switched to the epigastric port. Omental adhesions to abdominal wall were taken down. The left colon was then brought down to the pelvis to ensure adequate length of bowel for anastomosis. A colorectal side to end anastomosis was then performed. The stoma wound was closed and the patient was discharged well on post‐operative day 5.DiscussionLHR can be adopted as an initial approach to visualize intra‐abdominal adhesions and determine feasibility of operation. With experienced hands, LHR can achieve good patient outcomes.
Brentuximab vedotin, an antibody–drug conjugate, in patients with CD30‐positive haematologic malignancies and hepatic or renal impairment
Authors: Zhao Baiteng , Chen Robert , O'Connor Owen A. , Gopal Ajay K. , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Goy Andre , Matous Jeffrey V. , Fasanmade Adedigbo A. , Manley Thomas J. , Han Tae H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsBrentuximab vedotin, an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC), selectively delivers the microtubule‐disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) into CD30‐expressing cells. The pharmacokinetics of brentuximab vedotin have been characterized in patients with CD30‐positive haematologic malignancies. The primary objective of this phase 1 open label evaluation was to assess the pharmacokinetics of brentuximab vedotin in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.MethodsSystemic exposures were evaluated following intravenous administration of 1.2 mg kg–1 brentuximab vedotin in patients with CD30‐positive haematologic malignancies and hepatic (n = 7) or renal (n = 10) impairment and compared with those of unimpaired patients (n = 8) who received 1.2 mg kg–1 brentuximab vedotin in another arm of the study.ResultsFor any hepatic impairment, the ratios of geometric means (90% confidence interval) for AUC(0,∞) were 0.67 (0.48, 0.93) for ADC and 2.29 (1.27, 4.12) for MMAE. Mild or moderate renal impairment caused no apparent change in ADC or MMAE exposures. Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml min–1; n = 3) decreased ADC exposures (0.71 [0.54, 0.94]) and increased MMAE exposures (1.90 [0.85, 4.21]). No consistent pattern of specific adverse events was evident, but analysis of the safety data was confounded by the patients' poor baseline conditions. Five patients died due to adverse events considered unrelated to brentuximab vedotin. All had substantial comorbidities and most had poor baseline performance status.ConclusionsHepatic impairment and severe renal impairment may cause decreases in brentuximab vedotin ADC exposures and increases in MMAE exposures.
Being smart or getting smarter: Implicit theory of intelligence moderates stereotype threat and stereotype lift effects
Authors: Froehlich Laura , Martiny Sarah E. , Deaux Kay , Goetz Thomas , Mok Sog Yee 
Published: April 2016

This research explores implicit theory of intelligence (TOI) as a moderator of stereotype activation effects on test performance for members of negatively stereotyped and of favourably stereotyped groups. In Germany, Turkish‐origin migrants are stereotyped as low in verbal ability. We predicted that on a test diagnostic of verbal intelligence, endorsement of an entity TOI predicts stereotype threat effects for Turkish‐origin students and stereotype lift effects for German students. This effect could account for some of the performance gap between immigrants and host society members after stereotype activation. Study 1 (N = 107) established structural equivalence of implicit theories across the ethnic groups. In two experimental studies (Study 2: N = 182, Study 3: N = 190), we tested the moderating effect of TOI in a 2 (stereotype activation: diagnostic vs. non‐diagnostic test) × 2 (ethnicity: German vs. Turkish migration background) experimental design. The results showed that when the test was described as diagnostic of verbal intelligence, higher entity theory endorsement predicted stereotype threat effects for Turkish‐origin students (Study 2 and Study 3) and stereotype lift effects for German students (Study 3). The results are discussed in terms of practical implications for educational settings and theoretical implications for processes underlying stereotype activation effects.
Parents' perceptions of the services provided to children with cerebral palsy in the transition from preschool rehabilitation to school‐based services
Authors: Alsem M. W. , Verhoef M. , Gorter J. W. , Langezaal L. C. M. , Visser‐Meily J. M. A. , Ketelaar M. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAimTo describe the course of parents' perceptions of the family centredness of rehabilitation services provided to their children with cerebral palsy (CP) before and after the transition from preschool to school‐based services.BackgroundParents of 59 children with CP aged 2.5 to 4.5 years filled in the 56‐item Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC‐56) on three occasions pre (2) and post (1) transition to school‐based services. Friedman tests were used to describe changes in parents' perceptions over time. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to describe differences in course of parents' perceptions between regular school and special school or day care.ResultsParents' perceptions of preschool services were stable between the ages of 2.5 and 3.5 years, with a decline after transition on four of the five domains of the MPOC (P < 0.05). The domain providing general information was scored lowest (median at baseline 3.56, IQR 2.39) compared with the four other MPOC domains, but remained stable over time. No differences in course of parental perceptions were found for school type.ConclusionThe transition from preschool to school‐based services for children with CP is associated with a decrease in parents' perception of family centredness independent of the type of school. The transition in services has a negative impact on perceived family‐centred practices.