bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Union-28: An annualised cost-of-illness model for venous thromboembolism
Authors: Barco Stefano , Woersching Alex L. , Spyropoulos Alex C. , Piovella Franco , Mahan Charles E. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryAnnual costs for venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been defined within the United States (US) demonstrating a large opportunity for cost savings. Costs for the European Union-28 (EU-28) have never been defined. A literature search was conducted to evaluate EU-28 cost sources. Median costs were defined for each cost input and costs were inflated to 2014 Euros (€) in the study country and adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity between EU countries. Adjusted costs were used to populate previously published cost-models based on adult incidence-based events. In the base model, annual expenditures for total, hospital-associated, preventable, and indirect costs were €1.5–2.2 billion, €1.0–1.5 billion, €0.5–1.1 billion and €0.2–0.3 billion, respectively (indirect costs: 12 % of expenditures). In the long-term attack rate model, total, hospital-associated, preventable, and indirect costs were €1.8–3.3 billion, €1.2–2.4 billion, €0.6–1.8 billion and €0.2–0.7 billion (indirect costs: 13 % of expenditures). In the multiway sensitivity analysis, annual expenditures for total, hospital-associated, preventable, and indirect costs were €3.0–8.5 billion, €2.2–6.2 billion, €1.1–4.6 billion and €0.5–1.4 billion (indirect costs: 22 % of expenditures). When the value of a premature life-lost increased slightly, aggregate costs rose considerably since these costs are higher than the direct medical costs. When evaluating the models aggregately for costs, the results suggests total, hospital-associated, preventable, and indirect costs ranging from €1.5–13.2 billion, €1.0–9.7 billion, €0.5–7.3 billion and €0.2–6.1 billion, respectively. Our study demonstrates that VTE costs have a large financial impact upon the EU-28’s healthcare systems and that significant savings could be realised if better preventive measures are applied.
A case study of butterfly road kills from Anaikatty Hills, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sony R. K. , Arun P. R. 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong> </strong>Anaikatty Hills of the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu witness the annual spectacle of mass movement of lakhs of butterflies. The present paper examines the impact of vehicular traffic on this ‘butterfly migration’ through a survey of butterfly mortality along a road stretch in Anaikatty Hills. A high rate of mortality due to road traffic was observed during the mass movement of butterflies. One-hundred-and-thirty-five butterfly road kills belonging to three families, nine genera and 12 species were recorded during the study. The proportion of nymphalid butterflies among the road kills (70%) was very high compared to their respective share in the background population (39%), indicating a higher road mortality risk for nymphalids. The conservation significance of the road traffic impact on butterfly assemblage and management options are discussed.</p><div> </div>
An occurrence of Indo-Chinese taxon Momordica subangulata Blume subsp. subangulata (Cucurbitaceae) in Nagaland: a new distribution record from India
Authors: Soyimchiten . , Pradheep K. , John K. Joseph , Nayar E. Roshini 
Published: November 2015

<p><em>Momordica subangulata</em> Blume subsp. <em>subangulata</em> collected from Tuensang district of Nagaland forms a new distributional record for India. Earlier, this taxon was reported from Indo-China (Mainland Southeast Asia) and southern China. Its description, phenology, ecology, relevant notes and uses are presented.</p><div> </div>
Prey selection by Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) of Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Saneer , Jha Bibhuti Ranjan 
Published: November 2015

<p>Prey selection by tiger in Chitwan National Park, Nepal was studied from 77 tiger scats that contained the remains of principal prey species. The scats were collected from January to March 2010. Government reports on herbivore population in Chitwan provided the base data on density of principal prey species. In order to understand prey selectivity, the observed proportion of prey species in the scats were compared with the expected proportion derived from density estimates. The observed scat frequency of Sambar, Hog Deer and Wild Boar was found to be greater than the estimated frequency, and the reverse was true for Chital and Muntjac. The average weight of the principal prey species killed was 84 kg. According to our results, Chital and Sambar constituted the bulk (82.07%), and Hog Deer, Wild Boar, and Muntjac constituted 17.93% of the tiger diet. Sambar contributed the largest bulk (43.75%) of prey composition, but Chital constituted the relatively most killed (50.36%) prey species. The present study makes a contribution to an understanding of the status of prey composition in tiger scat in Chitwan during the year 2010. The study also highlights that both large and medium sized prey are important for the conservation of tiger in Chitwan National Park.</p><div> </div>
Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus Horsfield, 1821 (Ciconiiformes: Ciconiidae) in the dry lowlands of Sri Lanka: distribution, ecology, and threats
Authors: De Silva Thilina N. , Fernando Sumudu , De Silva Haritha B. , Tennakoon Parami 
Published: November 2015

<p>The<strong> </strong>Lesser Adjutant <em>Leptoptilos javanicus</em> is a globally threatened species of stork; in Sri Lanka, it is a scarce resident breeder, and the largest bird in the country, yet the population status and ecology of the species is poorly understood. This study tracks the stork’s spatial distribution and habitat use within the island, along with aspects of its ecology. Data was collected via field sampling and questionnaire surveys, over a period of five years across the lowlands of the country. The bird was observed 184 times, with numbers per sighting ranging from 1–17 individuals. The species’ distribution was restricted to dry lowlands (rainfall &lt;2200mm, elevation &lt;300m). The bird showed preference for savannah/woody savannahs, dry mixed evergreen forests, permanent wetlands, and croplands, and was prominently found within protected areas. Lesser Adjutants were generally solitary, except in the driest months of the year (i.e., August–September and March–April), which are probably the two breeding periods of the bird in Sri Lanka. Except for an abandoned nest, no active nest was found. Habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, agricultural intensification, and development projects were identified as potential threats faced by the species, which varied in magnitude across the country.</p><div> </div>
The status of vultures in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, central India
Authors: Navaneethan Balasubramaniam , Sankar Kalyanasundaram , Qureshi Qamar , Manjrekar Manas 
Published: November 2015

<p>The study on the status of vultures in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve (BRT), central India was carried out from January 2011 to March 2013 in different seasons using opportunistic sightings. In total, 265 observations were made in which 1,366 individuals belonging to four species were recorded. Among these, Long-billed Vulture <em>Gyps indicus</em> were more frequently sighted followed by White-backed Vulture <em>Gyps africanus</em>, Red-headed Vulture or Asian King Vulture <em>Sarcogyps calvus</em> and Egyptian Vulture <em>Neophron percnopterus</em>. During the study period, 27 vulture nests were identified, of these 25 nests belonged to Long-billed Vulture and two nests were that os White-backed Vulture. No attempts were made to examine the nesting site characteristics and the breeding status of vulture in BTR. Vultures were largely observed feeding on carnivore kills such as chital, sambar, nilgai, wild pig, domestic cattle and common langur. On a few occasions vultures were seen feeding on the dumped cattle carcasses near villages. The study reveals that vulture population in BTR was mainly dependent on large carnivore kills. Regular monitoring of vulture nest sites in the study area is recommended to assess their breeding success. Since we observed the vultures feeding on dumped livestock carcasss near villages, use of Diclofenac in the villages around the park should be monitored as it has caused a large-scale mortality in vultures in different regions of the country. </p><div> </div>
The time budget and behavioural traits of young and adult Indian Eagle Owl Bubo bengalensis (Franklin, 1831) (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) in and around a nesting site: a preliminary report
Authors: Ramanujam M. Eric 
Published: November 2015

<p>A family of the Indian Eagle Owl <em>Bubo bengalensis</em> was monitored at their nest site at Nanmangalam Reserve Forest on the outskirts of Chennai City from 5 January to 8 March 2011. Various behavioural patterns were identified and the time spent on each activity was noted. All three types of subjects (viz.: breeding male, brooding/incubating female and young) showed different behavioural characteristics. In the breeding female, high intensity activities were incubation, brooding, vigilance and out of sight (construed to be out hunting) and low intensity activities comprised comfort movements, feeding, pellet regurgitation, feeding young, prey delivery and disturbed at the nest. In the young, high intensity activities were resting and moving, while low intensity activities were feeding, pellet regurgitation and wing flapping. In the male, the bulk of time was spent in vigilance and the other high intensity activity was out of sight (construed to be hunting). Low intensity activities included comfort movements and prey delivery. The male hunted more than the female. Forty-five prey items were delivered by the two parents and these items were identified to the species or generic level.</p><div> </div>
The nesting success of the Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster (Aves: Suliformes: Anhingidae) in the Yamuna Biodiversity Park, New Delhi, India
Authors: Niangthianhoi S. L. , Khudsar Faiyaz A. 
Published: November 2015

<p>The Oriental Darter <em>Anhinga melanogaster </em>is<em> </em>a globally Near Threatened species that has been breeding in the Yamuna Biodiversity Park, Delhi since 2006. This is a recently restored site with the help of plant species assemblage in the form of plant communities of the Yamuna River basin and restoration of wetland ecosystems. A study was carried out during the nesting period of 2011 to assess the nesting success of the Oriental Darter in the park. A total of eight out of the nine incubated nests (88.88%) were successful with hatchlings and one was abandoned within three weeks of incubation. An average of 2.87 chicks hatched per nest with 2.1 fledglings per nest. The males fed the nestlings more than the females during the study hours. The restored landscape, the Yamuna Biodiversity Park and its wetlands provide a suitable habitat for supporting the breeding population of many important birds including the Darter due to the availability of prey species, vegetation for roosting and nesting, and low disturbance leading to optimization of nesting of the Darters. </p><div> </div>
Effect Modification of Long‐Term Air Pollution Exposures and the Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease in US Women
Authors: Hart Jaime E. , Puett Robin C. , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Albert Christine M. , Laden Francine 
Published: November 2015

Background

Ambient air pollution exposures have been frequently linked to cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) morbidity and mortality. However, less is known about the populations most susceptible to these adverse effects.

Methods and Results

We assessed the associations of long‐term particulate matter (
PM
) exposures with incident
CVD
in a nationwide cohort of 114 537 women in the Nurses’ Health Study, and performed analyses to identify subpopulations at the greatest risk. Residential address level time‐varying monthly exposures to
PM
2.5
,
PM
10
, and
PM
2.5 to 10
microns in diameter were estimated from spatio‐temporal prediction models. In multivariable models, increases in all size fractions of
PM
were associated with small, but not statistically significant, increased risks of total
CVD
, coronary heart disease, and stroke.
PM
‐associated
CVD
risks were statistically significantly higher among women with diabetes as compared to those without (
P
‐for‐interaction <0.0001 for
PM
10
and
PM
2.5
and 0.007 for
PM
2.5 to 10
). For each 10 μg/m
3
increase in 12‐month average
PM
2.5
,
PM
2.5 to 10
, and
PM
10,
the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were 1.44 (95%
CI
: 1.23 to 1.68), 1.17 (95%
CI
: 1.05 to 1.30), and 1.19 (95%
CI
: 1.10 to 1.28) among women with diabetes. There were also suggestions of higher risks among older (≥70 years) women, the obese, and those living in the Northeast and South. Smoking status and family history did not consistently modify the association between
PM
and
CVD
, and risks were most elevated with exposures in the previous 12 months.

Conclusions

In this nationwide cohort, women with diabetes were identified as the subpopulation most sensitive to the adverse cardiovascular health effects of
PM
.
Decreased long- and short-range functional connectivity at rest in drug-naive major depressive disorder
Authors: Guo Wenbin , Liu Feng , Chen Jindong , Wu Renrong , Zhang Zhikun , Yu Miaoyu , Xue Zhimin , Zhao Jingping 
Published: November 2015

Background: Abnormal functional connectivity has been observed in major depressive disorder. Anatomical distance may affect functional connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder. However, whether and how anatomical distance affects functional connectivity at rest remains unclear in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder. Methods: Forty-four patients with major depressive disorder, as well as 44 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls, underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Regional functional connectivity strength was calculated for each voxel in the whole brain, which was further divided into short- and long-range functional connectivity strength. Results: The patients showed decreased long-range positive functional connectivity strength in the right inferior parietal lobule, as well as decreased short-range positive functional connectivity strength in the right insula and right superior temporal gyrus relative to those of the controls. No significant correlations existed between abnormal functional connectivity strength and the clinical variables of the patients. Conclusion: The findings revealed that anatomical distance decreases long- and short-range functional connectivity strength in patients with major depressive disorder, which may underlie the neurobiology of major depressive disorder.
Deaths at high altitude: Reducing the risk. A preliminary field study
Authors: Macrae Turner Jean 
Published: November 2015

Background and aims Altitude-related medical literature provides very few simple clinical studies relating to those on ‘adventure holidays’. Systemic blood pressure has seldom been studied closely in relation to altitude. This study aimed to address both these issues and to assist GPs approached by patients for pre-trek advice. Methods and results A total of 17 hillwalkers, evenly distributed for gender and age, trekked gradually from moderate to extreme altitude on Mera Peak in the Himalaya, noting any altitude sickness symptoms. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, peak expiratory flow and core temperature were measured daily. Altitude was double-checked hourly and synchronised with each set of measurements. On each day, two individuals wore 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitors for assessment of altitude effects. Two principal findings emerged. Firstly, none of our 17 developed altitude-related symptoms below 4000 m, consistent with the recognised protective effect of slow rate of ascent; at 3500–4000 m all showed a sharp fall on O2sat and above 4500 m symptoms arose unpredictably. Secondly, hourly blood pressure monitoring showed no altitude effect below 3500 m, but above 5000 m a marked yet asymptomatic rise with delayed and prolonged peak. Conclusion There may be a critical altitude above which extra vigilance is required; blood pressure here needs further research.
Trends in hospital admission rates for anorexia nervosa in Oxford (1968–2011) and England (1990–2011): database studies
Authors: Holland Josephine , Hall Nick , Yeates David GR , Goldacre Michael 
Published: November 2015

Objectives To report on long-term trends in hospital admission rates for anorexia nervosa using two English datasets. Design We used data on hospital day-case and inpatient care across five decades in the Oxford Record Linkage Study (ORLS), and similar data for all England from 1990. We analysed rates of admission for anorexia nervosa in people aged 10–44 years, using hospital episodes (counting every admission) and first-recorded admissions (counting only the first record for each person). Setting Former Oxford NHS Region; and England. Participants None; anonymous statistical records were used. Results In the longstanding ORLS, the age-standardised first-recorded admission rate for women was 2.7 (95% confidence interval 1.6–3.8) per 100,000 female population aged 10–44 years in 1968–1971; 2.7 (2.1–3.3) in 1992–1996; and 6.3 (5.5–7.2) in 2007–2011. Male rates were zero in the 1960s; 0.07 (0.0–0.1) per 100,000 men in 1992–1996; and 0.4 (0.2–0.6) in 2007–2011. In England, female rates increased from 4.2 (4.0–4.4) in 1998–2001 to 6.9 (6.7–7.1) in 2007–2011; and the corresponding male rates were 0.2 (0.1–0.3) and 0.5 (0.4–0.6). Episode-based admission rates rose more than person-based rates. The highest rates by far were in girls and women aged 15–19 years. Conclusions In recent years, anorexia nervosa has become a greater burden on secondary care: not only have admission rates increased but so too have multiple admissions per person with anorexia nervosa. The increase in admission rates might reflect an increase in prevalence rates of anorexia nervosa in the general population, but other explanations, including lower clinical thresholds for admission, are possible and are discussed.
Reoperative Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Duke William S. , Vernon Hampton M. , Terris David J. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo identify the importance of the ectopic, overly descended superior parathyroid adenoma variant and its prevalence in primary and reoperative parathyroid surgery and the implications for successful initial parathyroidectomy.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary endocrine surgery practice in an academic medical center.Subjects and MethodsAn analysis was undertaken of 561 consecutive patients undergoing parathyroid surgery in a tertiary endocrine surgery practice from March 2004 to April 2013. There were 270 patients who had curative primary or reoperative surgery for single‐gland parathyroid adenomas during this time. Clinical records, imaging studies, operative reports, and pathology findings were evaluated, and cases from a subset of patients who had an ectopic, overly descended superior parathyroid adenoma were further analyzed. The prevalence of this entity in primary and revision surgeries was calculated.ResultsAmong the 270 patients with single‐gland parathyroid adenomas, there were 251 primary operations and 19 reoperative procedures referred from outside institutions. An ectopic, overly descended superior parathyroid adenoma was present in 23 (9.2%) primary cases and 4 (21.1%) reoperative cases.ConclusionAn overly descended superior parathyroid adenoma is frequently encountered during primary parathyroid surgery. It is more than twice as common in reoperative parathyroidectomy, reflecting the propensity to be missed at the first exploration. Recognition and proper treatment of this entity at the initial operation will reduce the need for revision surgery.
Clinical Wisdom
Authors: Valbak Kristian 
Published: November 2015

A diversity of cultural, economic and social factors influence our professional work as psychotherapists, and hardly anything we do with our patients is not dependent upon society’s political and moral choices. Moreover, what can be regarded as wisdom is difficult to agree upon, more so for group analysts. It must be felt wise, maybe more easily seen at a distance, and best found by asking men or women, in whom we trust. This article will explore fundamental ideas and assumptions regarding the art of helping patients by psychotherapy. The focus is on group analytic psychotherapy and the use of it in psychiatry. Some of the questions are: What shall be modified in the method and technique to make it helpful to the patients, and will it be possible to meet the requirements of validation from the public health services? Can research and the researcher be of use in group analysis and do we at all have a mutual case? Clinical knowledge from psychotherapy research and retrieved reflections from wise colleagues, on what can be regarded the most essential experiences in therapeutic groups, are presented. Emphasis will be on the therapist’s personal development and existential challenges. Shakespeare’s tale about ‘the choice of the three caskets’ illustrates some moral choices, which can also be regarded as choices for the therapist.
Adult Leisure Education for the Independent Use of a Community Recreation Center
Authors: Schleien Stuart J. , Larson Angela 
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a leisure education training program designed to teach the complete and functional use of a community recreation center to two adults with severe mental retardation. Since these individuals resided in a group home in close proximity to the recreation center, this recreation program was deemed socially valid by group home and park board staff. Community recreation center use by nonhandicapped citizens of the neighborhood was utilized in this program as the training standard. Within a multiple baseline design across three recreational activities involving the recreation center, the participants acquired the skills necessary to access and use the recreational facility without the presence of the care provider. Results demonstrated that individuals with severe mental retardation could (a) acquire age-appropriate leisure skills to independently use a neighborhood center; (b) access a neighborhood recreation center in the absence of the residential care provider; and (c) partially, but effectively, interact with agency staff concerning personal preferences of recreational activities.
Maximizing Independence for Persons Who are Developmentally Disabled: Community-Based Programs at the Waisman Center University Affiliated Facility
Authors: Karan Orv C. , Brandenburg Sara , Sauer Margaret , Yoder David E. , Mathy-Laikko Pamela , Villarruel Francisco , Dolan Terrence R. 
Published: November 2015

All University Affiliated Facilities conduct interdisciplinary programs of training, education/service, research, and outreach in the area of developmental disabilities. In this article four representative programs of the Waisman Center University Affiliated Facility in Madison, Wisconsin are described. They all share the following common features: each has been designed to augment and support the independence of persons who are developmentally disabled, each is either conducted in a community-based setting or designed to train persons who will work in such settings, and each is used as a resource for the conduct of interdisciplinary training for educators and clinicians. Included in this article are descriptions of (a) a paraprofessional training program that leads to an associate degree in community services, (b) an innovative supported employment program specifically designed for adults still living in public institutions, (c) a service/research program that provides persons who do not have speech capability with the technology and training for communicating, and (d) an evaluation/research program for promoting communication skills in persons who are mentally retarded, deaf, and blind.