bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk attitudes towards on-demand insurance: an experimental study
Authors: Chang Hsiaoyin , Schmeiser Hato 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
On-demand insurance products cover risks for short periods of time via a smartphone or other electronic device. Such insurance contracts give policyholders the freedom to choose when to be insured in a flexible way. On-demand contracts may change the way risk is perceived. Therefore, we conduct an experiment and show that individuals can become exceptionally risk-averse when offered short-term insurance. We show two main reasons for this result: first, the underlying risk is often overestimated by the subjects due to a miscalculation of the loss probabilities. Second, the shorter valuation horizon of on-demand insurance contracts leads to myopic loss aversion.
Measuring Geographic Opportunity for Higher Education in US Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Flanagan Coral J. , Doyle William R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch demonstrates that students who live closer to postsecondary institutions are more likely to attend college. Yet many communities offer few or no postsecondary options. In this study, we expand on prior research on the geographic distribution of postsecondary opportunity by developing a finer-grained measure that accounts for both the variety and density of college options in each metropolitan statistical area (MSA). Our estimates use several decay functions to measure the distance-weighted characteristics of institutions, allowing us to cross-validate different approaches and identify the most appropriate model to inform future analyses of geographic opportunity. The results of the cross-validation indicate that both the type of geographic measure used and the penalty in the inverse distance weighting function result in substantively different model fit. We find that each of the measures used in a spatial model—enrollment size, tuition, and net price—has a positive and statistically significant relationship with postsecondary enrollment at the MSA level, indicating the continuing importance of geographic opportunity for college attendance.
Dissipative Kerr soliton formation in dual-mode interaction Si3N4 microresonators
Authors: Zhai Yurun , Liu Junchen , Jia Linhua , Zhang Fumin 
Published: October 2024

Dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) microcombs based on multi-mode Si3N4 waveguides turn into an ideal tool that is compact and has precision for optical communication, precision spectroscopy, and frequency metrology. However, spatial waveguide mode interaction leads to local disturbances of dispersion, which may hinder DKS microcombs formation. In this letter, we generate the DKS microcomb in a dual-mode interaction Si3N4 microresonator without suppressing spatial waveguide mode interaction. The spatial waveguide mode interaction is investigated in the dual-mode interaction Si3N4 microresonator with a cross-sectional area of 800 × 1700 nm2. DKS microcomb is deterministically generated in the microresonator using an auxiliary light heating method. Furthermore, an integrated microcomb frequency measurement system is designed based on the DKS microcomb for frequency metrology.
Pattern of hospital admissions and costs associated with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Australia, 2012–2017
Authors: Stacey Ingrid , Katzenellenbogen Judith , Hung Joseph , Seth Rebecca , Francia Carl , MacDonald Bradley , Marangou James , Murray Kevin , Cannon Jeffrey 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aims to describe the pattern and trends in acute rheumatic fever (ARF)/rheumatic heart disease (RHD)-related hospitalisations and costs for Australians aged <65 years. Methods This retrospective linked data study measured trends in hospitalisations and costs for ARF, RHD and complications of ARF/RHD in Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland and New South Wales between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2017. Persons with ARF/RHD were identified from RHD registers and/or hospital records. Results Over the 5-year study period, 791 children, aged <16 years (86.3% Indigenous), and 2761 adults, aged 16–64 years (44.8% Indigenous), were hospitalised for ARF, RHD or associated complications. On average there were 296 paediatric admissions per year, increasing 6.1% annually (95% CI: 2.4–9.6%, P = 0.001) and 1442 adult admissions per year, increasing 1.7% annually (95% CI: 0.1–3.4%, P = 0.03). Total 5-year costs were AU$130.6 m (AU$17.6 m paediatric, AU$113.0 m adult). Paediatric costs were mostly for ARF-related admissions whereas adult costs mostly involved valvular surgery. Emergency admissions and air ambulance transfers were common, particularly for non-metropolitan residents. Conclusions Successful ARF/RHD prevention would deliver significant hospital cost savings. Investment in primary and specialist health care in regional areas may reduce emergency admissions and regional transfers, further reducing hospital burden.
The life (history), diet and death of the blackspot shark (Carcharhinus sealei) from South-east Asia
Authors: Clark-Shen N. , Chin A. , Domingos J. , Hutchinson N. 
Published: October 2024

Context The blackspot shark (Carcharhinus sealei) is a small-bodied coastal shark often incidentally caught in fisheries across South-east Asia. Aims This study aimed to document the species’ biology, ecology, fisheries and markets to inform conservation. Methods In total, 103 blackspot sharks from Indonesia (n = 101) and Singapore (n = 2) were examined to determine biological parameters (growth rate, age at maturity, reproductive traits and diet). An interview with a Singaporean seafood supplier gave insight to population trends, fisheries and markets. Key results Males attained a maximum age of 9 years, the smallest mature individual measured 709-mm stretched total length (STL), with 50% reaching maturity at 6.15 years. Females attained a maximum age of 11 years, the smallest mature individual measured 730 mm STL, with 50% reaching maturity at 6.12 years. The species has an overall growth rate (k) of 0.37 year−1. Reproduction was asynchronous, with only two pups produced per litter. Crustaceans dominated the diet of juveniles, whereas bony fishes and cephalopods dominated the diets of adult males and adult females respectively. Conclusions Blackspot sharks have a moderately fast growth rate, but a late age-at-maturity and a low fecundity. Diet differed between the sexes as well as adults and juveniles. Implications The low fecundity and late maturity of blackspot sharks increase their vulnerability to exploitation. Blackspot sharks are now listed on CITES-Appendix II, but mortality may remain high because they are reportedly often caught incidentally.
High-fidelity remote entanglement between superconducting fixed-frequency qubits
Authors: Ohfuchi Mari , Sato Shintaro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Highly accurate quantum state transfer and remote entanglement between superconducting fixed-frequency qubits have not yet been realized. In this study, we calculate the characteristics of a transmission path with a 1- or 0.25 m superconducting coaxial cable and use the characteristics to perform time evolution simulations of quantum state transfer and remote entanglement between superconducting fixed-frequency qubits. We find that remote entanglement, or half-quantum state transfer, can achieve a high fidelity

>

99
%

even in the presence of a qubit frequency detuning caused by manufacturing fluctuations, while a small qubit frequency detuning substantially reduces the efficiency of quantum state transfer. Quantum circuit simulations modeling proposed remote entanglement demonstrate that teleportation of a logical qubit with a

3

×

3

surface code, as an example of computation using remote entanglement, attains nearly the same fidelity as in-node computation for both 1- and 0.25 m cable lengths.
Research on influence of stress concentration on metal magnetic memory signal for stress evaluation
Authors: Luo Yuanqing , Liu Bin , He Peng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Based on the magneto-mechanical effect and stress concentration effect, this paper takes the failure of ferromagnetic components caused by stress concentration as the research background, artificially creates stress concentration by prefabricating U-shaped defects, and discusses the H

p
(y) signal distribution law of prefabricated U-shaped defect samples and the difference in H

p
(y) signal between specimens with different tip SCFs. Results show that the H

p
(y) signal has an apparent mutation in the stress concentration area, and when the stress concentration factor was the same, the magnetic field intensity gradient K becomes higher as tensile load increasing. As stress concentration factor increasing, the K value of the stress concentration area also increases gradually. Based on theoretical model of H

p
(y) signal, it can be known that the K value can be used to judge the sample stress concentration degree with the results in this study.
Intensify the hindrance to gas entrapment on the construction of Al 5356 thin-walled structure by tuning the WAAM process parameters
Authors: Saravana Kumar M , Jeyaprakash N , Yang Che-Hua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Compared to other metallic additive manufacturing methods, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) has a number of advantages, such as less equipment capital required and more material composition flexibility. However, uneven welding and feed rates, as well as inadequate gas flow, can result in flaws such oxidation, gas entrapment, and humping. This study aims to reduce gas entrapment, maximize tensile strength, and reduced elastic modulus of the WAAM Al5356 wall by optimizing gas flow rate (13, 16 and 19 l min−1) in conjunction with welding and feed rates. The study highlighted gas flow rate as the most important component in pore formation and used the Entropy approach in conjunction with the COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) tool to identify ideal settings. The reduction in gas entrapment to 0.02%, as shown in the confirmation studies, resulted in a 33.9% rise in tensile strength and a 64.7% rise in elastic modulus. To verify these ideal parameters, elastic modulus mapping was done on the printed WAAM Al5356 wall. Moreover, the damage processes connected to gas entrapment and humping development were examined using fractography. Consequently, the research determined the ideal conditions to generate a multi-layer structure free of defects, improving its practicality in aerospace and automotive sectors.
Poly(o-anisidine) and poly(o-anisidine-co-aniline) polymers synthesized on the ZnFeNi alloy coated steel surface
Authors: Akdag Abdurrahman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
ZnFeNi alloy was synthesized on the carbon steel surface in a sulfate bath using the galvanostatic method at a constant current of 1.5 mA for 300 s. Poly(o-anisidine) homopolymer and poly(o-anisidine-co-aniline) copolymer were synthesized on the ZnFeNi coated electrode surface. Poly(o-anisidine) homopolymer was synthesized in 0.05 M o-anisidine+0.2 M sodium oxalate medium, and poly(o-anisidine-co-aniline) copolymer was synthesized in 0.05 M o-anisidine+0.05 M aniline+0.2 M sodium oxalate medium. Electrochemical synthesis was carried out by cyclic voltammetry technique. The synthesized materials were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, open circuit potential-time, and anodic polarization curves. The open circuit potential–time curves showed that polymer coatings had higher open circuit potential. By the linear sweep voltammetry measurements, it was determined that ZnFeNi alloys were present at the base of the polymer layers after polymer synthesis. It was understood from the anodic polarization curves that the polymer coated electrodes had lower current values ​​than the uncoated ZnFeNi coated electrode, and the poly(o-anisidine) coated electrode had lower current values ​​than the poly(o-anisidine-co-aniline) coated electrode. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the polarization resistance of polymer-coated electrodes was higher than the polymer-free electrode during long periods of waiting in 3.5% corrosive solution. Among the polymer-coated electrodes, it was understood that the homopolymer poly(o-anisidine) showed better corrosion performance than the poly(o-anisidine-co-aniline) copolymer.
Enhanced absorption in SnS/SnSe, SnS/ZnS, and SnS/ZnSe vdW heterostructures for optoelectronic applications: DFT insights
Authors: Raturi Ashish , Mittal Poornima , Choudhary Sudhanshu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of monolayers of tin monochalcogenides and zinc monochalcogenides are elucidated by utilizing density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the monolayers of tin monochalcogenides (SnS and SnSe) have low bandgap and significant absorption in some segments of the visible region (∼400 nm to ∼500 nm). However, the monolayers of zinc monochalcogenides (ZnS and ZnSe) have wide bandgap and negligible absorption in the visible region, which limits their optical performance. Despite low absorption in visible region, ZnS and ZnSe exhibit fascinating properties such as wide band gap, cheapness, low toxicity, earth abundance, structural stability, and high refractive index. To identify the combined potential of zinc and tin, the van der Waals heterostructures SnS/SnSe, SnS/ZnS, and SnS/ZnSe are formed, and their optical and electronic properties are calculated. The calculated results illustrate that the formed heterostructures exhibit bandgap lowering and enhanced visible light absorption. The optical absorption is entirely shifted towards the visible region due to the formation of heterostructure (redshift). The enhanced visible light absorption and narrowed bandgap of the formed heterostructures make them a potential candidate for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices and solar cells.
Design of ultra-broadband long-wave to ultra-long-wave infrared absorber based on machine learning
Authors: Ali Riaz , Su Wei , Ding Zhipeng , Ali Muhammad , Ismail Hina , Saif Zainab , Ali Jawad , Yao Hongbing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
long-wave infrared (LWIR) and ultra-long-wave infrared (ULWIR) radiation find extensive utility in atmospheric monitoring, night reconnaissance, deep space exploration, and various other fields. However, achieving ultra-wideband absorption within these spectral ranges has persistently posed a significant challenge for researchers. Metasurfaces have attracted great interest due to their ability to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves with unprecedented precision and efficiency. In this paper, a metasurface absorber with a simple structure is proposed. Combined with machine learning (ML) of Random Forest (RF) algorithm for design optimization, the absorber achieves ultra-wideband perfect absorption of 42.54 μm within the LWIR-ULWIR band. Furthermore, the stability and accuracy of the RF algorithm in absorber design are also evaluated and compared with other classical ML algorithms. The successful realization of this work can offer the advancement of thermal imaging, sensing, and communication systems operating within the LWIR and ULWIR spectra.
An exactly solvable model for RNA polymerase during the elongation stage
Authors: Ngoc Ngo P N , Belitsky Vladimir , Schütz Gunter M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider a Markovian model for the kinetics of RNA Polymerase (RNAP) which provides a physical explanation for the phenomenon of cooperative pushing during transcription elongation observed in biochemical experiments on Escherichia coli and yeast RNAP. To study how backtracking of RNAP affects cooperative pushing we incorporate into this model backward (upstream) RNAP moves. With a rigorous mathematical treatment of the model we derive conditions on the mutual static and kinetic interactions between RNAP under which backtracking preserves cooperative pushing. This is achieved by exact computation of several key properties in the steady state of this model, including the distribution of headway between two RNAP along the DNA template and the average RNAP velocity and flux.
High-pulse-energy ultrafast 3 µm laser generation through OPG/DFG in PPMgLN
Authors: Chen Hongxin , Zhang Yongchang , Shen Yonghang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We report high-pulse-energy ultrafast 3 µm laser generation through optical parametric generation/difference frequency generation (OPG/DFG) in periodically poled magnesium-oxide-doped lithium niobate (PPMgLN). A commercial 1030 nm femtosecond laser is applied as the pump light and a homemade broadband nanosecond pulse laser around 1580 nm is used as the signal light in DFG. The broadband 1580 nm laser has a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) structure with a directly modulated superluminescent light-emitting diode (SLED) as the pulse seed and three stages of Er/Yb fiber amplifiers to lift its average power. A portion of the 1030 nm output pulse is converted to an electronic pulse via a pin detector, which is used as the trigger signal of the SLED driving circuit to ensure synchronization between the signal and the 1030 nm pump pulse. When injecting 2.12 W pump light into the PPMgLN, a broadband mid-infrared (MIR) output of 280 mW can be achieved directly through OPG with a center wavelength around 2.94 μm, a pulse width of 1.38 ps and a pulse repetition frequency of 500 kHz. The corresponding MIR pulse energy is 0.56 µJ. When injecting 2.62 W signal light simultaneously, a MIR output of 300 mW is achieved through the DFG process at the same pulse repetition frequency, corresponding to a pulse energy of 0.6 µJ. The conversion efficiency of the ultrafast pump laser to MIR reaches 14.1%. This high-pulse-energy 3 μm ultrafast laser has great prospects for applications in biological tissue ablation.
Analytic continuation in the coupling constant for resonances in
Be*
Authors: Zhang 张 Hantao 涵韬 , Bai 柏 Dong 栋 , Ren 任 Zhongzhou 中洲 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The application scope of the analytic continuation in the coupling constant (ACCC) can be extended to the exchange parameters of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction in the microscopic cluster model. Based on such an exchange parameter dependent ACCC (abbreviated as EPD-ACCC), we examine the

Be system in the framework of the

microscopic cluster model. The particle emission from excited states of

are investigated, and the corresponding resonant energies are obtained via EPD-ACCC. Furthermore, the complex scaling method (CSM) is applied for comparison. A good agreement between these two theoretical approaches is obtained. This study demonstrates EPD-ACCC to be a reliable method for estimating multi-cluster resonances in light hypernuclei.
Revisiting the Velocity Dispersion–Size Relation in Molecular Cloud Structures
Authors: Feng Haoran , Chen Zhiwei , Jiang Zhibo , Ma Yuehui , Yang Yang , Yu Shuling , Ge Dongqing , Zhou Wei , Du Fujun , Wang Chen , Zhang Shiyu , Su Yang , Yang Ji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Structures in molecular ISM are observed to follow a power-law relation between the velocity dispersion and spatial size, known as Larson’s first relation, which is often attributed to the turbulent nature of molecular ISM and imprints the dynamics of molecular cloud structures. Using the 13CO (J = 1–0) data from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting survey, we built a sample with 360 structures having relatively accurate distances obtained from either the reddened background stars with Gaia parallaxes or associated maser parallaxes, spanning from 0.4 to ∼15 kpc. Using this sample and about 0.3 million pixels, we analyzed the correlations between velocity dispersion, surface/column density, and spatial scales. Our structure-wise results show power-law indices smaller than 0.5 in both the σ

v
–R
eff and σ

v
–R
eff · Σ relations. In the pixel-wise results, the

σ

v

pix

is statistically scaling with the beam physical size (R
s ≡ ΘD/2) in form of

σ

v

pix

∝

R

s

0.43
±
0.03

. Meanwhile,

σ

v

pix

in the inner Galaxy is statistically larger than the outer side. We also analyzed correlations between

σ

v

pix

and the H2 column density N(H2), finding that

σ

v

pix

stops increasing with N(H2) after ≳1022 cm−2. The structures with and without high-column-density (>1022 cm−2) pixels show different

σ

v

pix

∝
N

(

H

2

)

ξ

relations, where the mean (std) ξ values are 0.38 (0.14) and 0.62 (0.27), respectively.
Adversarial artifact detection in EEG-based brain–computer interfaces
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Meng Lubin , Xu Yifan , Wu Dongrui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. machine learning has achieved significant success in electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), with most existing research focusing on improving the decoding accuracy. However, recent studies have shown that EEG-based BCIs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where small perturbations added to the input can cause misclassification. Detecting adversarial examples is crucial for both understanding this phenomenon and developing effective defense strategies. Approach. this paper, for the first time, explores adversarial detection in EEG-based BCIs. We extend several popular adversarial detection approaches from computer vision to BCIs. Two new Mahalanobis distance based adversarial detection approaches, and three cosine distance based adversarial detection approaches, are also proposed, which showed promising performance in detecting three kinds of white-box attacks. Main results. we evaluated the performance of eight adversarial detection approaches on three EEG datasets, three neural networks, and four types of adversarial attacks. Our approach achieved an area under the curve score of up to 99.99% in detecting white-box attacks. Additionally, we assessed the transferability of different adversarial detectors to unknown attacks. Significance. through extensive experiments, we found that white-box attacks may be easily detected, and differences exist in the distributions of different types of adversarial examples. Our work should facilitate understanding the vulnerability of existing BCI models and developing more secure BCIs in the future.
Long sequence Hopfield memory*
Authors: Tahir Chaudhry Hamza , Zavatone-Veth Jacob A , Krotov Dmitry , Pehlevan Cengiz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sequence memory is an essential attribute of natural and artificial intelligence that enables agents to encode, store, and retrieve complex sequences of stimuli and actions. Computational models of sequence memory have been proposed where recurrent Hopfield-like neural networks are trained with temporally asymmetric Hebbian rules. However, these networks suffer from limited sequence capacity (maximal length of the stored sequence) due to interference between the memories. Inspired by recent work on Dense Associative Memories, we expand the sequence capacity of these models by introducing a nonlinear interaction term, enhancing separation between the patterns. We derive novel scaling laws for sequence capacity with respect to network size, significantly outperforming existing scaling laws for models based on traditional Hopfield networks, and verify these theoretical results with numerical simulation. Moreover, we introduce a generalized pseudoinverse rule to recall sequences of highly correlated patterns. Finally, we extend this model to store sequences with variable timing between states’ transitions and describe a biologically-plausible implementation, with connections to motor neuroscience.