bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Congenital Malformations in North India: A Case&mdash;control Study
Authors: Singh Amarjeet , Sinha Smita 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
An increasing incidence of congenital malformations (CMF) has been reported in India.

Background and objective
To ascertain the determinants of congenital malformations.

Materials and methods
This hospital based age-sex matched pair case control study was done at Advanced Pediatric Centre, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department (ANC clinic, Maternity ward, labor room, etc.) and Special Clinics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India in 2008. The mothers were interviewed to collect information about risk factors.

Results
Two hundred three CMF (under five children and gestational CMF) cases and same number of controls were studied. Significant association of CMF was observed with the use of sex selection drugs by mothers (OR = 4.35), habits of fathers like taking alcohol (OR = 3), smoking (OR = 4.5) and using tobacco (OR = 2.7). Mother's age at marriage < 18 years and history of abortion were also important predictors of CMF.

Conclusion
Most of the risk factors for CMF were avoidable viz addiction, early marriage and use of sex selection drugs. People need to be educated about this.

How to cite this article
Singh A, Sinha S. Risk Factors of Congenital Malformations in North India: A Case—control Study. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(2):59-63.
Modified Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy
Authors: Singh Chandeep , Kacker Shitij , Marya Sanjiv KS 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Trochanteric osteotomy, the most extensile approach, is a valuable tool for difficult primary and revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) is helpful in revision and extraction of well-fixed cemented as well as uncemented fremoral components, facilitates in cement extraction, and also in enhancing acetabular exposure. Tradional posterolateral ETO is initiated at the posterior aspect of the femur.
We describe a modification of ETO by an anterolateral approach. The advantage of this approach is that as it preserves an intact musculo-osseo-muscular sleeve comprising of gluteus medius and minimus, greater trochanter, and vastus lateralis it allows physiological reconstruction of hip's soft tissue envelope and thus prevents proximal migration, nonunion of the osteotomy, and abductor lurch, which are the commonest complications associated with an ETO.
Anterolateral exposure of hip joint and anterior fibers of gluteus medius, minimus, and capsule reflected as cuff and limbs of osteotomy are marked, and after completing the osteotomy with the help of osteotomes passed from posterior to anterior, the fragment is hooked open on its anterior muscular hinge. Osteotomy is fixed with the help of three to four cerclage wires depending on length of osteotomy.
Full-weight bearing and abduction against gravity are only allowed after confirming radiological union of the osteotomy.

How to cite this article
Kacker S, Singh C, Marya SKS. Modified Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(2):93-95.
Primary Osteosarcoma of the Breast presenting as a Large Breast Abscess
Authors: Nawarathna Nadeesha Jeewan , Chandrasekara Deepthika , Kumarasinghe Nawam R , Balasooriya Rasika Shamalie , Rathnayake Palitha , Seneviratne Ranjith J 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Primary extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma is one of the rarest forms of malignant tumor of the breast. It can arise as a result of osseous metaplasia of a preexisting neoplasm or from a none-phyllodes sarcoma of a previously normal breast. Due to its rarity, the natural history and optimal treatment methods remain unclear.

Case presentation
A 60 years old patient presented to the surgical casualty with a large breast abscess. Abscess wall histology revealed an osteosarcoma of the breast. Left total mastectomy with axillary clearance was performed. Histology and subsequent immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma without lymph nodal metastasis. Patient was referred to the oncologist for further management.

Conclusion
Rare types of breast tumors can be presented as breast abscess. Incision and drainage together with wall biopsy aid to exclude associated sinister pathologies. Diagnosis of primary osteosarcoma of the breast was made using histological and immunohistochemical findings once the possible primary from the bones of sternum and ribs was excluded. Treatment is as for sarcomas affecting other locations and should comprise a multidisciplinary approach.

How to cite this article
Nawarathna NJ, Chandrasekara D, Kumarasinghe NR, Balasooriya RS, Rathnayake P, Seneviratne RJ. Primary Osteosarcoma of the Breast presenting as a Large Breast Abscess. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(2):96-99.
Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width as Markers of Vascular Thrombosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bhanukumar M , Ramaswamy Prasanna KH , Peddi Naveen K , Menon Vineetha B 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
The objective of the study was to determine the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) compared to subjects without type 2 DM and their correlation with fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and duration of type 2 DM respectively.

Materials and methods
A prospective analytical case—control study was conducted involving 50 subjects with type 2 DM and 50 subjects without type 2 DM. The mean and standard deviation were estimated for both the groups separately and independent Student's “t”-test was used for evaluating the significant difference. The statistical evaluation was carried out at 95% confidence level.

Results
Mean MPV and PDW in case group was significantly higher compared to control group (p < 0.005). Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and duration of type 2 DM did not significantly alter MPV or PDW.

Conclusion
The study concludes that MPV and PDW are significantly increased in patients with type 2 DM compared to patients without type 2 DM. Platelet volume indices are an important, simple, and cost-effective tool that should be used and explored extensively, especially in countries, such as India, for predicting the possibility of impending acute vascular events in patients with type 2 DM.

Clinical significance
This analytical method helps us to use MPV and PDW as early markers of vascular thrombosis.

How to cite this article
Bhanukumar M, Ramaswamy PKH, Peddi NK, Menon VB. Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width as Markers of Vascular Thrombosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(3):127-131.
Appendicular Histology and Its Clinical Significance in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Study from North India
Authors: Chhabra Puneet , Gupta Rajesh , Nada Ritambhra , Sharma Vishal , Rana Surinder S , Bhasin Deepak K , Sharma Ravi , Parvez Nadeem , Gunjan Deepak , Dhalaria Lovneet 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background and aims
The appendix may be involved in ulcerative colitis (UC) to variable extent. Clinical significance of appendicular involvement is not clear and it has long been considered an innocent bystander. This study prospectively investigated appendiceal histology and its clinical significance in patients with UC.

Materials and methods
Colonoscopy was performed in 60 patients and biopsies were taken from appendiceal orifice, cecum, and colon. Appendiceal histology was classified as active if there was presence of neutrophils with crypt distortion. Inactive inflammation was defined as positive for crypt distortion and negative for neutrophils. Otherwise the histology was reported as normal or nonspecific changes. The patients were followed for a minimum period of 6 months.

Results
In patients evaluated endoscopically, 63% patients had histological involvement of the appendiceal orifice. Pancolitis was seen more commonly in patients with appendicular orifice inflammation than in patients with normal appendicular histology (44.7 vs 9%, p = 0.001). Most patients with appendiceal orifice inflammation had involvement of the cecum. Skip lesion of the appendix without cecum involvement was seen in 37% of the patients. The patients with appendiceal orifice inflammation had a significantly higher grade of endoscopic colitis compared to patients with normal histology (p = 0.006). Relapse rate was higher in patients with appendiceal orifice inflammation than in patients with normal appendiceal histology (18.4 vs 9%), although the difference was insignificant (p = 0.329).

Conclusion
Appendicular involvement in ulcerative colitis is not uncommon. Its involvement may predict the course, extent, and severity of colitis.

How to cite this article
Parvez N, Rana SS, Nada R, Sharma V, Sharma R, Chhabra P, Gunjan D, Dhalaria L, Gupta R, Bhasin DK. Appendicular Histology and Its Clinical Significance in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Study from North India. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(3):141-147.
Bilateral Variation of Lateral Root of Median Nerve traversing through Coracobrachialis Muscle
Authors: Sahni Daisy , Gupta Tulika , Aggarwal Anjali , Aggarwal Aditya 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
An unusual bilateral variation of lateral root of median nerve piercing through coracobrachialis muscle is presented. Two nerve filaments to coracobrachialis muscle took unusual origin from medial cord, which crossed the axillary artery from medial to lateral side before entering the muscle. Variation of lateral root of median nerve may be clinically significant, as hitherto unreported entrapment neuropathy of median nerve along with musculocutaneous may occur at the arm level while passing through coracobrachialis muscle or it may be injured during any surgical intervention around shoulder joint. Nerves to coracobrachialis are at risk during unusual abduction of arm or surgical manipulation of axillary artery.

How to cite this article
Aggarwal A, Gupta T, Aggarwal A, Sahni D. Bilateral Variation of Lateral Root of Median Nerve traversing through Coracobrachialis Muscle. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(3):159-161.
Vertical profiles of black carbon measured by a micro-aethalometer in summer
in the North China Plain
Authors: Ran Liang , Deng Zhaoze , Xu Xiaobin , Yan Peng , Lin Weili , Wang Ying , Tian Ping , Wang Pucai , Pan Weilin , Lu Daren 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a dominant absorber in the visible spectrum and a potent factor in climatic effects. Vertical profiles of BC were measured using a micro-aethalometer attached to a tethered balloon during the Vertical Observations of trace Gases and Aerosols (VOGA) field campaign, in summer 2014 at a semirural site in the North China Plain (NCP). The diurnal cycle of BC vertical distributions following the evolution of the mixing layer (ML) was investigated for the first time in the NCP region. Statistical parameters including identified mixing height (Hm) and average BC mass concentrations within the ML (Cm) and in the free troposphere (Cf) were obtained for a selected dataset of 67 vertical profiles. Hm was usually lower than 0.2 km in the early morning and rapidly rose thereafter due to strengthened turbulence. The maximum height of the ML was reached in the late afternoon. The top of a full developed ML exceeded 1 km on sunny days in summer, while it stayed much lower on cloudy days. The sunset triggered the collapse of the ML, and a stable nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) gradually formed. Accordingly, the highest level Cm was found in the early morning and the lowest was found in the afternoon. In the daytime, BC was almost uniformly distributed within the ML and significantly decreased above the ML. During the field campaign, Cm averaged about 5.16 ± 2.49 µg m−3, with a range of 1.12 to 14.49 µg m−3, comparable with observational results in many polluted urban areas such as Milan in Italy and Shanghai in China. As evening approached, BC gradually built up near the surface and exponentially declined with height. In contrast to the large variability found both in Hm and Cm, Cf stayed relatively unaffected through the day. Cf was less than 10 % of the ground level under clean conditions, while it amounted to half of the ground level in some polluted cases. In situ measurements of BC vertical profiles would hopefully have an important implication for accurately estimating direct radiative forcing by BC and improving the retrieval of aerosol optical properties by remote sensing in this region.
Influence of Flexible Working-Time Arrangements on Faculty Satisfaction and Human Resource Retention at Amman Arab University in Jordan
Authors: Al-Kasasbeh Mohammed Mufaddy 
Published: August 2016

This study aims at measuring the influence of flexible working-time arrangements on faculty satisfaction and human resource retention. A questionnaire was developed to collect data from all full-time faculty at Amman Arab University in Jordan which consists of 113 faculty members. 83 valid questionnaires were analyzed which encompass (73.5%) from all full-time faculty.The most findings of the study are:- Faculty perceptions about components of flexible working-time arrangements in Amman Arab University are high, except the paragraphs relating to uploading of courses materials on e-learning system from home, and interacting with students on the e-learning system from home, which the relative importance of each is moderate.- Faculty perceptions about their satisfaction components in Amman Arab University are high, except the paragraphs relating to satisfaction with the system of incentives, compensation, promotion, and the opportunities of participation in decision-making which the relative importance of each is moderate.- Faculty perceptions about human resource retention components in Amman Arab University are high, except the paragraphs relating to University attention to job security, salaries relative to competitive universities, additional benefits, and career planning which the relative importance of each is moderate.- There is a statistical influence of flexible working hours on faculty satisfaction and human resource retention.- There is no statistical influence of compressed week and telecommuting on faculty satisfaction and human resource retentionBased on the findings of the study, a set of recommendations was proposed to enhance faculty satisfaction and human resource retention in Amman Arab University.
Presenças, ausências e (in)visibilidades de um texto: a escrita (experimental) da cegueira de um corpo que vê
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Gonçalves dos 
Published: August 2016

Minha abordagem durante todo este texto acolhe a possibilidade de um corpo do outro que vejo, assim como suas palavras que ouço, serem dados a mim como imediatamente presentes em um campo. Desta forma, me presentifico à sua maneira aquilo a que nunca estarei presente, que me será sempre invisível, de que nunca serei testemunha direta, uma ausência, portanto. Será que isto predestina o outro a ser espelho de mim mesmo assim como eu sou o espelho dele? O outro – aquele que me lê (texto, escritura e autor) – me faz com que eu mesmo tenha, de alguém ou de mim, uma única imagem, na qual eu e o outro estejamos implicados: quem me lê e quem é lido? Enviado em: 16 de maio de 2016.Aprovado em: 12 de julho de 2016.
O texto que existe antes da frase: apontamentos sobre escrever, ler e performar
Authors: Bethonico Bernardo Romagnoli 
Published: August 2016

Traçamos uma relação entre escrita, leitura e performance a partir da escritora Maria Gabriela Llansol (1931-2008) e da experiência iniciada em 2010 junto ao coletivo c.e.m. – Centro em Movimento, de Lisboa. Salientamos essas práticas como inerentes à singularidade de cada corpo, em diálogo com a abordagem de Paul Zumthor sobre a performance e a comunicação poética. O corpo e o espaço são assim investigados como elementos não abstratos de um texto escrito, indissociáveis da sua criação e recepção. Pretendemos documentar dessa forma a prática sensível da palavra como um campo expandido, em abertura ao que há de não verbal nela própria. Esta é defendida aqui como uma experiência atenta aos afetos corporais e à relação com o espaço. O artigo propõe finalmente pensar a relação entre corpos leitores/escritores/performadores como um conjunto de singularidades que aprendem a ler, além da linguagem verbal, também o que há antes da frase. Enviado em: 30 de maio de 2016. Aprovado em: 09 de agosto de 2016.
Glyoxalase-1 Overexpression Reverses Defective Proangiogenic Function of Diabetic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice Model of Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Peng Zhiyou , Yang Xinrui , Qin Jinbao , Ye Kaichuang , Wang Xin , Shi Huihua , Jiang Mier , Liu Xiaobing , Lu Xinwu 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-based therapy is promising for critical limb ischemia (CLI) treatment, especially in patients with diabetes. However, the therapeutic effects of diabetic ADSCs (D-ADSCs) are impaired by the diabetes, possibly through intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The objective of the present study was to detect whether overexpression of methylglyoxal-metabolizing enzyme glyoxalase-1 (GLO1), which reduces ROS in D-ADSCs, can restore their proangiogenic function in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model of CLI. GLO1 overexpression in D-ADSCs (G-D-ADSCs) was achieved using the lentivirus method. G-D-ADSCs showed a significant decrease in intracellular ROS accumulation, increase in cell viability, and resistance to apoptosis under high-glucose conditions compared with D-ADSCs. G-D-ADSCs also performed better in terms of migration, differentiation, and proangiogenic capacity than D-ADSCs in a high-glucose environment. Notably, these properties were restored to the same level as that of nondiabetic ADSCs under high-glucose conditions. G-D-ADSC transplantation induced improved reperfusion and an increased limb salvage rate compared D-ADSCs in a diabetic mice model of CLI. Histological analysis revealed higher microvessel densities and more G-D-ADSC-incorporated microvessels in the G-D-ADSC group than in the D-ADSC group, which was comparable to the nondiabetic ADSC group. Higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A and stromal cell-derived factor-1α and lower expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α were also detected in the ischemic muscles from the G-D-ADSC group than that of the D-ADSC group. The results of the present study have demonstrated that protection from ROS accumulation by GLO1 overexpression is effective in reversing the impaired biological function of D-ADSCs in promoting neovascularization of diabetic CLI mice model and warrants the future clinical application of D-ADSC-based therapy in diabetic patients.
Protein-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction and Reduce Aβ Deposition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Cha Moon-Yong , Kwon Yoo-Wook , Ahn Hyo-Suk , Jeong Hyobin , Lee Yong Yook , Moon Minho , Baik Sung Hoon , Kim Dong Kyu , Song Hyundong , Yi Eugene C. , Hwang Daehee , Kim Hyo-Soo , Mook-Jung Inhee 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells into the brain attenuates functional deficits in the central nervous system via cell replacement, the release of specific neurotransmitters, and the production of neurotrophic factors. To identify patient-specific and safe stem cells for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from mouse skin fibroblasts by treating protein extracts of embryonic stem cells. These reprogrammed cells were pluripotent but nontumorigenic. Here, we report that protein-iPSCs differentiated into glial cells and decreased plaque depositions in the 5XFAD transgenic AD mouse model. We also found that transplanted protein-iPSCs mitigated the cognitive dysfunction observed in these mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that oligodendrocyte-related genes were upregulated in brains injected with protein-iPSCs, providing new insights into the potential function of protein-iPSCs. Taken together, our data indicate that protein-iPSCs might be a promising therapeutic approach for AD.
Activité ou salariat ? Nouons une controverse autour du travail
Authors: Célérier Sylvie 
Published: August 2016

Le travail comme activité a ouvert, en France, une nouvelle perspective épistémologique dans les analyses du travail. On en suit l’incidence sur deux questions centrales pour le travail : son dynamisme et la façon dont les normes y opèrent. On s’interroge également sur les perspectives politiques qu’ouvre ce projet. La réflexion se mène sur la base d’une confrontation au programme de la relation salariale comme l’a entrepris Pierre Naville et développé Pierre Rolle. Un programme qui oriente vers des objets et des résultats très différents, voire contradictoires, et dont on pense qu’il est utile de le mettre en discussion avec les propositions actuelles des chercheurs de l’activité. D’où l’invitation à nouer, au sein de la discipline, une controverse dont la nécessité ressort tout particulièrement quand on interroge le projet politique que porte chaque proposition. Deux projets qui décident également des finalités respectives données à la recherche. Si les positions sont inconciliables, il est néanmoins indispensable de les rendre explicites si l’on veut mieux comprendre ce que l’on fait quand on analyse le travail.
Entre arrangements et empêchements dans le nucléaire
Authors: Tillement Stéphanie , Gentil Stéphanie 
Published: August 2016

Cet article montre la pertinence de la notion d’activité pour saisir le travail « en train de se faire », à partir d’une enquête conduite dans une usine nucléaire. Dans ce monde encore peu observé en actes, le travail distribué doit assurer la continuité du processus de production et la sûreté. Se posent de manière centrale les questions de gestion des aléas et de coordination intermétiers. Ces questions sont explorées à l’aune de l’activité de planification, que nous décrivons sous l’angle des temps, espaces et objets qui la fondent. Nous montrons que le planning, souvent jugé simple ou banal par les acteurs de terrain comme les chercheurs, porte en lui de nombreuses tensions. Nous explorons les rapports complexes entre planification et travail d’articulation, en nous centrant sur trois modalités particulières : les espaces, les écrits et les personnes. Nous interrogeons finalement les apports méthodologiques et théoriques d’une plongée dans l’activité de planification.