bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INAHTA IMPACT STORY: LEGISLATIVE AND ACCREDITATION REQUIREMENTS FOR OFFICE-BASED SURGERY IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Tivey David , Ma Ning , Duncan Joanna , Atukorale Yasoba , Lambert Robyn , Maddern Guy 
Published: December 2017

Background:There is growing trend for some surgical procedures previously performed in hospitals to be done in alternative settings, including office-based facilities. There has been some safety concerns reported in the media, which document serious adverse events following procedures performed in an office-based setting. To understand the current regulatory oversight of surgery in this setting ASERNIP-S conducted a review of the legislative and accreditation process governing these facilities in Australia.Methods:Using rapid review methodology, internet searches targeted government Web sites for relevant publicly-available documents. Use of consolidated versions of legislative instruments ensured currency of information. Standards were sourced directly from the issuing authorities or those that oversee the accreditation process.Results:Within Australia, healthcare facilities for surgery and their licensing are defined by each state and territory, which results in significant jurisdictional variation. These variations relate to the need for anesthesia beyond conscious sedation and listing of procedures in legislative instruments. In 2013, Australia adopted National Safety and Quality Health Service standards (NSQHS standards) for the accreditation of hospitals and day surgery centers; however, there is no NSQHS standard for office-based facilities. The main legislative driver for compliance is access to reimbursement schemes for service delivery.Conclusions:The legislative and accreditation framework creates a situation whereby healthcare facilities that provide services outside the various legal definitions of surgery and those not covered by a reimbursement scheme, can operate without licensing and accreditation oversight. This situation exposes patients to potential increased risk of harm when receiving treatment in such unregulated facilities.
Cortical high gamma network oscillations and connectivity: a translational index for antipsychotics to normalize aberrant neurophysiological activity
Authors: Ahnaou A. , Huysmans H. , Van de Casteele T. , Drinkenburg W. H. I. M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOscillatory activity in the gamma frequency range is a critical mechanism, which integrates neural networks within and across brain structures during cognitive processes. In schizophrenia, abnormalities in high gamma oscillations are ubiquitous and most likely reflect dysfunction in neuronal networks. In conscious rats, disturbed network oscillations associated with positive symptoms and cognitive deficits were modeled in different cortical areas by the dopaminergic agonist (amphetamine) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (PCP and MK801). Subsequently, the efficacies of marketed atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone, and clozapine) to normalize dysfunctional oscillations and network connectivity were examined. Acute NMDA antagonists elicited aberrant synchrony in the gamma frequency oscillations. In addition, coherent slow alpha network activity was observed with MK801 and amphetamine, both of whose oscillatory rhythms were correlated with pronounced locomotor activity. All antipsychotics commonly decreased slow alpha and high gamma network oscillations in different cortical regions as well as motion behavior. In the combined treatments, antipsychotics attenuated NMDA antagonist-induced abnormalities in functional network oscillations and connectivity, whose effects on motor behavior is mechanistically related. These results suggest that pharmacologically induced disruption of cortical gamma oscillations and network connectivity in rats is a candidate model to study dysfunctional oscillatory patterns described in positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The efficacy of antipsychotics to rescue cortical network oscillatory patterns is in line with the idea that glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems play a role in maintaining the integrity of cortical circuits. Thus, gamma oscillations could provide a powerful translational index to assess the integrity of neural networks and to evaluate the efficacy of drugs with potential antipsychotic properties.
Possible role of the gut microbiota–brain axis in the antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine in a social defeat stress model
Authors: Yang Chun , Qu Youge , Fujita Yuko , Ren Qian , Ma Min , Dong Chao , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota–brain axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of depression, thereby contributing to the antidepressant actions of certain compounds. (R)-ketamine has a greater potency and longer-lasting antidepressant effects than (S)-ketamine. Here, we investigated whether the gut microbiota plays a role in the antidepressant effects of these two ketamine enantiomers. The role of the gut microbiota in the antidepressant effects of ketamine enantiomers in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model of depression was examined using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. At the phylum level, CSDS-susceptible mice showed alterations in the levels of Tenericutes and Actinobacteria; however, neither ketamine enantiomers influenced these alterations. At the class level, both ketamine enantiomers significantly attenuated the increase in the levels of Deltaproteobacteria in the susceptible mice after CSDS. Furthermore, (R)-ketamine, but not (S)-ketamine, significantly attenuated the reduction in the levels of Mollicutes in the susceptible mice. At the genus level, both ketamine enantiomers significantly attenuated the decrease in the levels of Butyricimonas in the susceptible mice. Notably, (R)-ketamine was more potent than (S)-ketamine at reducing the levels of Butyricimonas in the susceptible mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that the antidepressant effects of two enantiomers of ketamine in CSDS model may be partly mediated by the restoration of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the specific effect of (R)-ketamine on the levels of Mollicutes and Butyricimonas may explain its robust antidepressant action.
Endosomal binding kinetics of Eps15 and Hrs specifically regulate the degradation of RTKs
Authors: Haugen Linda Hofstad , Skjeldal Frode Miltzow , Bergeland Trygve , Bakke Oddmund 
Published: December 2017

AbstractActivation of EGF-R and PDGF-R triggers autophosphorylation and the recruitment of Eps15 and Hrs. These two endosomal proteins are important for specific receptor sorting. Hrs is recruiting ubiquitinated receptors to early endosomes to further facilitate degradation through the ESCRT complex. Upon receptor activation Hrs becomes phosphorylated and is relocated to the cytosol, important for receptor degradation. In this work we have studied the endosomal binding dynamics of Eps15 and Hrs upon EGF-R and PDGF-R stimulation. By analysing the fluorescence intensity on single endosomes after ligand stimulation we measured a time-specific decrease in the endosomal fluorescence level of Eps15-GFP and Hrs-YFP. Through FRAP experiments we could further register a specific change in the endosomal-membrane to cytosol binding properties of Eps15-GFP and Hrs-YFP. This specific change in membrane fractions proved to be a redistribution of the immobile fraction, which was not shown for the phosphorylation deficient mutants. We here describe a mechanism that can explain the previously observed relocation of Hrs from the endosomes to cytosol after EGF stimulation and show that Eps15 follows a similar mechanism. Moreover, this specific redistribution of the endosomal protein binding dynamics proved to be of major importance for receptor degradation.
Bacterial community structure and novel species of magnetotactic bacteria in sediments from a seamount in the Mariana volcanic arc
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhang Wenyan , Li Xuegong , Li Xuegang , Chen Xumiao , Li Jin-Hua , Teng Zhaojie , Xu Cong , Santini Claire-Lise , Zhao Li , Zhao Yuan , Zhang Heng , Zhang Wei-Jia , Xu Kuidong , Li Chaolun , Pan Yongxin , Xiao Tian , Pan Hongmiao , Wu Long-Fei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSeamounts are undersea mountains rising abruptly from the sea floor and interacting dynamically with underwater currents. They represent unique biological habitats with various microbial community structures. Certain seamount bacteria form conspicuous extracellular iron oxide structures, including encrusted stalks, flattened bifurcating tubes, and filamentous sheaths. To extend our knowledge of seamount ecosystems, we performed an integrated study on population structure and the occurrence of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) that synthesize intracellular iron oxide nanocrystals in sediments of a seamount in the Mariana volcanic arc. We found Proteobacteria dominant at 13 of 14 stations, but ranked second in abundance to members of the phylum Firmicutes at the deep-water station located on a steep slope facing the Mariana-Yap Trench. Live MTB dwell in biogenic sediments from all 14 stations ranging in depth from 238 to 2,023 m. Some magnetotactic cocci possess the most complex flagellar apparatus yet reported; 19 flagella are arranged in a 3:4:5:4:3 array within a flagellar bundle. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences identified 16 novel species of MTB specific to this seamount. Together the results obtained indicate that geographic properties of the seamount stations are important in shaping the bacterial community structure and the MTB composition.
Burst intensification by singularity emitting radiation in multi-stream flows
Authors: Pirozhkov A. S. , Esirkepov T. Zh. , Pikuz T. A. , Faenov A. Ya. , Ogura K. , Hayashi Y. , Kotaki H. , Ragozin E. N. , Neely D. , Kiriyama H. , Koga J. K. , Fukuda Y. , Sagisaka A. , Nishikino M. , Imazono T. , Hasegawa N. , Kawachi T. , Bolton P. R. , Daido H. , Kato Y. , Kondo K. , Bulanov S. V. , Kando M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBurst Intensification by Singularity Emitting Radiation (BISER) is proposed. Singularities in multi-stream flows of emitting media cause constructive interference of emitted travelling waves, forming extremely localized sources of bright coherent emission. Here we for the first time demonstrate this extreme localization of BISER by direct observation of nano-scale coherent x-ray sources in a laser plasma. The energy emitted into the spectral range from 60 to 100 eV is up to ~100 nJ, corresponding to ~1010photons. Simulations reveal that these sources emit trains of attosecond x-ray pulses. Our findings establish a new class of bright laboratory sources of electromagnetic radiation. Furthermore, being applicable to travelling waves of any nature (e.g. electromagnetic, gravitational or acoustic), BISER provides a novel framework for creating new emitters and for interpreting observations in many fields of science.
Disposable aptamer-sensor aided by magnetic nanoparticle enrichment for detection of salivary cortisol variations in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Fernandez Renny Edwin , Umasankar Yogeswaran , Manickam Pandiaraj , Nickel Jeffrey C. , Iwasaki Laura R. , Kawamoto Burt K. , Todoki Kristen C. , Scott JoAnna M. , Bhansali Shekhar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe report a disposable point-of-care sensing platform specific to salivary cortisol detection. The sensor is inkjet printed on a paper substrate with a metalloporphyrin based macrocyclic catalyst ink that can electrochemically reduce cortisol, captured by aptamer functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. The sensor consists of a thin magnet disc, aligned at the back of the electrode, in order to populate the magnetic nanoparticle bound cortisol at the sensing electrode area. Proof of concept studies were performed to detect salivary cortisol levels in human subjects with high and low risks for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). High selectivity was observed to salivary cortisol against a background of closely related steroids.
Conditionally reprogrammed primary airway epithelial cells maintain morphology, lineage and disease specific functional characteristics
Authors: Martinovich Kelly M. , Iosifidis Thomas , Buckley Alysia G. , Looi Kevin , Ling Kak-Ming , Sutanto Erika N. , Kicic-Starcevich Elizabeth , Garratt Luke W. , Shaw Nicole C. , Montgomery Samuel , Lannigan Francis J. , Knight Darryl A. , Kicic Anthony , Stick Stephen M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCurrent limitations to primary cell expansion led us to test whether airway epithelial cells derived from healthy children and those with asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF), co-cultured with an irradiated fibroblast feeder cell in F-medium containing 10 µM ROCK inhibitor could maintain their lineage during expansion and whether this is influenced by underlying disease status. Here, we show that conditionally reprogrammed airway epithelial cells (CRAECs) can be established from both healthy and diseased phenotypes. CRAECs can be expanded, cryopreserved and maintain phenotypes over at least 5 passages. Population doublings of CRAEC cultures were significantly greater than standard cultures, but maintained their lineage characteristics. CRAECs from all phenotypes were also capable of fully differentiating at air-liquid interface (ALI) and maintained disease specific characteristics including; defective CFTR channel function cultures and the inability to repair wounds. Our findings indicate that CRAECs derived from children maintain lineage, phenotypic and importantly disease-specific functional characteristics over a specified passage range.
Identification of minimal parameters for optimal suppression of chaos in dissipative driven systems
Authors: Martínez Pedro J. , Euzzor Stefano , Gallas Jason A. C. , Meucci Riccardo , Chacón Ricardo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTaming chaos arising from dissipative non-autonomous nonlinear systems by applying additional harmonic excitations is a reliable and widely used procedure nowadays. But the suppressory effectiveness of generic non-harmonic periodic excitations continues to be a significant challenge both to our theoretical understanding and in practical applications. Here we show how the effectiveness of generic suppressory excitations is optimally enhanced when the impulse transmitted by them (time integral over two consecutive zeros) is judiciously controlled in a not obvious way. Specifically, the effective amplitude of the suppressory excitation is minimal when the impulse transmitted is maximum. Also, by lowering the impulse transmitted one obtains larger regularization areas in the initial phase difference-amplitude control plane, the price to be paid being the requirement of larger amplitudes. These two remarkable features, which constitute our definition of optimum control, are demonstrated experimentally by means of an analog version of a paradigmatic model, and confirmed numerically by simulations of such a damped driven system including the presence of noise. Our theoretical analysis shows that the controlling effect of varying the impulse is due to a subsequent variation of the energy transmitted by the suppressory excitation.
Deep sequencing of blood and gut T-cell receptor β-chains reveals gluten-induced immune signatures in celiac disease
Authors: Yohannes Dawit A. , Freitag Tobias L. , de Kauwe Andrea , Kaukinen Katri , Kurppa Kalle , Wacklin Pirjo , Mäki Markku , Arstila T. Petteri , Anderson Robert P. , Greco Dario , Saavalainen Päivi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) patients mount an abnormal immune response to gluten. T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires directed to some immunodominant gluten peptides have previously been described, but the global immune response to in vivo gluten exposure in CD has not been systematically investigated yet. Here, we characterized signatures associated with gluten directed immune activity and identified gluten-induced T-cell clonotypes from total blood and gut TCR repertoires in an unbiased manner using immunosequencing. CD patient total TCR repertoires showed increased overlap and substantially altered TRBV-gene usage in both blood and gut samples, and increased diversity in the gut during gluten exposure. Using differential abundance analysis, we identified gluten-induced clonotypes in each patient that were composed of a large private and an important public component. Hierarchical clustering of public clonotypes associated with dietary gluten exposure identified subsets of highly similar clonotypes, the most proliferative of which showing significant enrichment for the motif ASS[LF]R[SW][TD][DT][TE][QA][YF] in PBMC repertoires. These results show that CD-associated clonotypes can be identified and that common gluten associated immune response features can be characterized in vivo from total repertoires, with potential use in disease stratification and monitoring.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium Reduces Disease Severity and Immune Responses in Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Kay Alasdair G. , Long Grace , Tyler George , Stefan Andrei , Broadfoot Stephen J. , Piccinini Anna M. , Middleton Jim , Kehoe Oksana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe evaluated the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (CM-MSC) as an alternative to cell therapy in an antigen-induced model of arthritis (AIA). Disease severity and cartilage loss were evaluated by histopathological analysis of arthritic knee joints and immunostaining of aggrecan neoepitopes. Cell proliferation was assessed for activated and naïve CD4+ T cells from healthy mice following culture with CM-MSC or co-culture with MSCs. T cell polarization was analysed in CD4+ T cells isolated from spleens and lymph nodes of arthritic mice treated with CM-MSC or MSCs. CM-MSC treatment significantly reduced knee-joint swelling, histopathological signs of AIA, cartilage loss and suppressed TNFα induction. Proliferation of CD4+ cells from spleens of healthy mice was not affected by CM-MSC but reduced when cells were co-cultured with MSCs. In the presence of CM-MSC or MSCs, increases in IL-10 concentration were observed in culture medium. Finally, CD4+ T cells from arthritic mice treated with CM-MSC showed increases in FOXP3 and IL-4 expression and positively affected the Treg:Th17 balance in the tissue. CM-MSC treatment reduces cartilage damage and suppresses immune responses by reducing aggrecan cleavage, enhancing Treg function and adjusting the Treg:Th17 ratio. CM-MSC may provide an effective cell-free therapy for inflammatory arthritis.
Morphological stabilization and KPZ scaling by electrochemically induced co-deposition of nanostructured NiW alloy films
Authors: Orrillo P. A. , Santalla S. N. , Cuerno R. , Vázquez L. , Ribotta S. B. , Gassa L. M. , Mompean F. J. , Salvarezza R. C. , Vela M. E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe have assessed the stabilizing role that induced co-deposition has in the growth of nanostructured NiW alloy films by electrodeposition on polished steel substrates, under pulsed galvanostatic conditions. We have compared the kinetic roughening properties of NiW films with those of Ni films deposited under the same conditions, as assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy. The surface morphologies of both systems are super-rough at short times, but differ at long times: while a cauliflower-like structure dominates for Ni, the surfaces of NiW films display a nodular morphology consistent with more stable, conformal growth, whose height fluctuations are in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class of rough two-dimensional interfaces. These differences are explained by the mechanisms controlling surface growth in each case: mass transport through the electrolyte (Ni) and attachment of the incoming species to the growing interface (NiW). Thus, the long-time conformal growth regime is characteristic of electrochemical induced co-deposition under current conditions in which surface kinetics is hindered due to a complex reaction mechanism. These results agree with a theoretical model of surface growth in diffusion-limited systems, in which the key parameter is the relative importance of mass transport with respect to the kinetics of the attachment reaction.
Effects of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway on the Landscape Genetics of the Endangered Przewalski’s Gazelle (Procapra przewalskii)
Authors: Yu He , Song Shiya , Liu Jiazi , Li Sheng , Zhang Lu , Wang Dajun , Luo Shu-Jin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii) is one of the most endangered ungulates in the world, with fewer than 2,000 individuals surviving in nine habitat fragments on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and isolated by human settlements and infrastructure. In particular, the Qinghai-Tibet railway, which crosses the largest part of the gazelle’s distribution, remains a major concern because of its potential to intensify landscape genetic differentiation. Here, using mtDNA sequencing and microsatellite genotyping to analyze 275 Przewalski’s gazelle samples collected throughout the range, we observed low level of genetic diversity (mtDNA π = 0.0033) and strong phylogeographic structure. Overall, the nine patches of gazelles can be further clustered into five populations, with a strong division between the eastern vs. western side of Qinghai Lake. Our study provides the first evidence of the genetic divergence between the Haergai North and Haergai South gazelle populations, corresponding to the recent construction of a wired enclosure along the Qinghai-Tibet railway less than ten years ago, an equivalent of five generations. Well-designed wildlife corridors across the railway along with long-term monitoring of the anthropogenic effects are therefore recommended to alleviate further habitat fragmentation and loss of genetic diversity in Przewalski’s gazelle.
Minimizing carry-over PCR contamination in expanded CAG/CTG repeat instability applications
Authors: Aeschbach Lorène , Dion Vincent 
Published: December 2017

AbstractExpanded CAG/CTG repeats underlie the aetiology of 14 neurological and neuromuscular disorders. The size of the repeat tract determines in large part the severity of these disorders with longer tracts causing more severe phenotypes. Expanded CAG/CTG repeats are also unstable in somatic tissues, which is thought to modify disease progression. Routine molecular biology applications involving these repeats, including quantifying their instability, are plagued by low PCR yields. This leads to the need for setting up more PCRs of the same locus, thereby increasing the risk of carry-over contamination. Here we aimed to reduce this risk by pre-treating the samples with a Uracil N-Glycosylase (Ung) and using dUTP instead of dTTP in PCRs. We successfully applied this method to the PCR amplification of expanded CAG/CTG repeats, their sequencing, and their molecular cloning. In addition, we optimized the gold-standard method for measuring repeat instability, small-pool PCR (SP-PCR), such that it can be used together with Ung and dUTP-containing PCRs, without compromising data quality. We performed SP-PCR on myotonic-dystrophy-derived samples containing an expansion as large as 1000 repeats, demonstrating the applicability to clinically-relevant material. Thus, we expect the protocols herein to be applicable for molecular diagnostics of expanded repeat disorders.