bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There a Case for Using Social Outcomes in Self-Harm Research?
Authors: Huxley P. , Ahmed N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSelf-harm is costly to individuals and health services and has high associated risks of further self-harm and completed suicide. Self-harm presentations to hospitals offer an opportunity to engage patients in interventions to help reduce future episodes and associated costs. This presentation reviews clinical trials for self-harm interventions conducted over the past twenty years in hospital emergency departments (1996–2016) comparing successful vs. unsuccessful trials (defined by the whole or partial achievement of trial defined outcomes) in terms of methodology, type of intervention and type of outcome measure.MethodDatabases were searched using defined keywords. Randomized trials of adult subjects presenting to emergency departments were selected.ResultsTwenty-four studies are included in the review. There was no significant difference between the type of intervention and “success”, nor were there index/control differences by sample size and follow-up length. Most trials (79%) used re-admission to hospital after a further episode as the primary outcome; only 4 (16%) of the studies reported social outcomes. As an example of social interventions and outcomes, we discuss trial results of a new social intervention for adults (many of whom do not receive a (UK-mandated) psychosocial assessment), and who are usually provided with little/no support after leaving the emergency room.DiscussionThe findings suggest that the use of repetition and re-presentation as outcome indicators may be missing the importance of social precipitants of self-harm and the need to assess social circumstances, interventions and outcomes. We discuss findings from a new social intervention trial, which addresses these limitations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Methylation Related to Perceived Parenting in Adolescents and its Association to Depressive Symptoms Two Years Later
Authors: Van Assche E. , Vangeel E. , Freson K. , Van Leeuwen K. , Verschueren K. , Colpin H. , Van den Noortgate W. , Goossens L. , Claes S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAdolescents’ well being is affected by their parenting situation and can influence their well being over time. We present an exploratory study with an Illumina 450 k array, comparing methylation in adolescents, based on perceived parenting at T0, and how methylation can interact with parenting in explaining depressive symptoms two years later (T2).ObjectivesIdentify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with perceived parenting at T0 and investigate their association with depressive symptoms two years later.AimsAn exploratory analysis evaluating the association between methylation and depressive symptoms longitudinally.MethodsFrom two extreme parenting clusters: perceived supportive, and punishing neglecting, we randomly selected 44 adolescents (MAge = 14 at T0; 48%boys). The CES-D scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) assessed depressive symptoms. DMRs were identified based on the parenting clusters (DMRcate and comb-p) using llumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip data. Associations between the most significant CpG for each DMR and the depression score at T2, were calculated using linear regression analysis.ResultsWe identified 17 DMRs, but only cg13306335 in PEX10 was associated with depressive symptoms at T2 (P = 0.0014, Bonferroni (17 tests): P < 0.0029). Additionally, an interaction between parenting at T0 and PEX10 methylation (T0) in explaining depressive symptoms (T2) can be suggested (P = 0.014).ConclusionsWe show that methylation at PEX10's most significant CpG is correlated with depressive symptoms at T2, these exploratory results also suggest a possible interaction between parenting and PEX10 methylation at T0 in association with depressive symptoms at T2. Validation in a larger sample is needed to support the role of methylation and its interactions in depression over time.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Development and Evaluation of a Psychosocial Model for Children Who Experience Trauma from Low and Middle-income Countries
Authors: Vostanis P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDespite fragmented evidence on individual interventions, good practice and child welfare programmes in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), there is no comprehensive model for early interventions, particularly for children who experience complex trauma.ObjectiveThe objective of the World Awareness for Children in Trauma (WACIT: www.wacit.org) is to develop an evidence-based psychosocial model for vulnerable children in low and middle-income countries with limited or no access to specialist resources.MethodsThe aim of the preliminary evaluation was to establish stakeholders’ views on the extent of need, socio-cultural context, service gaps, and recommendations for improvement and creation of working partnerships. This consisted of four studies:– 1. Participatory workshops in six countries (Turkey, Pakistan, Indonesia, Kenya, Rwanda, Brazil) with a total 250 strategic and operational stakeholders;– 2. Quantitative evaluation in two of these countries (Turkey, 32 participants; and Brazil, 80 participants);– 3. Interviews with 17 stakeholders from the six countries;– 4. Focus groups with 7 children, 7 parents, 9 teachers and 11 other professionals in one country (Kenya).ResultsFindings indicated that lack of resources (funding, facilities, training and personnel), poor collaboration (between church, families, government, schools and community), impaired parenting, socio-economic challenges and limited knowledge on child mental health as key factors that impede interventions.ConclusionsThe findings have informed the next phase of the WACIT programme in developing sustainable networks, training, and culturally appropriate interventions in the participating LMIC.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
The cannabis profile: A high-risk subtype
Authors: Landera Rodríguez R. , Gómez Revuelta M. , García Egea J.L. , Porta Olivares O. , Juncal Ruíz M. , Pérez Herrera M. , Sánchez Blanco L. , Abejas Díez D. , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Fernández Rodríguez M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe first phase following the diagnosis of a first psychotic episode (FEP), is crucial to determine clinical and functional long-term outcome. Cannabis exerts a mediating action on the debut of the disease and determines a poor prognosis.ObjectivesThe description of a specific population profile of increased vulnerability to maintain cannabis use after a FEP could help to identify this high risk subtype of patients and speed up the implementation of specific interventions.Materials and methodsOne hundred and seventy-eight patients were recruited from PAFIP (early intervention program on FEP), obtaining detailed socio-demographic assessment. They were followed-up for a year during which cannabis consumption was assessed by Drake scale every three months. We divided the sample into two groups:– those patients who neither smoked cannabis before the FEP nor during follow-up period (nn);– consumers group: cannabis users before the FEP who kept on smoking during the follow-up period (ss) and those who smoked before the FEP and gave up consumption during follow-up (sn).ResultsStatistically significant differences between groups were observed. The consumers group (ss + sn) had an earlier age of onset, most were male, unemployed, single, prone to loneliness and they were concomitant users of alcohol and tobacco.ConclusionsThe use of cannabis has a detrimental effect on the outcome of schizophrenia. A specific and early intervention could contribute to prognostic improvements. Identifying cannabis consumption subtypes could be useful for this purpose.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A violation of emotion regulation as a central link in pathogenesis of stress-induced hypertension
Authors: Pervichko E. , Zinchenko Y. , Ostroumova O. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEssential hypertension (EH) is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. Today, scientists discover more and more patients whose BP values during work appear to be higher than those values during free time. This form of EH is called “hypertension at work”.ObjectiveTo study the role emotion dysregulation in the pathogenesis of EH.Materials and methodsA projective study of emotion regulation was undertaken with our modified version of Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test (Zinchernko, Pervichko). At the second stage of the study, the simulation of emotional stress with the aspiration level modelling was carried out. The level of state anxiety, BP values and levels of catecholamines, renin and angiotonin I were taken before and after the experiment. Eighty-five patients with “hypertension at work” (mean age: 45.9 ± 2.8), 85 patients with “classical” EH (mean age: 47.4 ± 4.5 years) and 82 healthy subjects (mean age: 44.9 ± 3.1) took part in the study.Results“Hypertension at work” patients significantly more frequently than patients from the second group and healthy subjects are more prone to rumination, disasterization and repression of their emotions. They will seldom employ the strategy of subjective-objective interactive transformations; their edibility to actualize new meanings in traumatic situations is diminished. We showed that emotion regulation strategies in “hypertension in the work” patients were ineffective in overcoming the emotional tension and created the conditions for chronization of high blood pressure, and could be considerded as the central link in pathogenesis of stress-induced hypertension.ConclusionThe results contributes to enrich our understanding of etiology and pathogenesis of EH.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence, incidence and comparative meta-analysis of all-cause and specific-cause cardiovascular disease in patients with serious mental illness
Authors: Solmi M. , Veronese N. , Beatrice B. , Stella R. , Paolo S. , Davide G. , Collantoni E. , Pigato G. , Favaro A. , Stubbs B. , Carvalho A.F. , Vacampfort D. , Correll C.U. 
Published: June 2017

Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) have been described at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify prevalence, incidence, cross-sectional association and longitudinal increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, transient ischemic attack and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD), heart failure (HF), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), death due to CVD, and any CVD in patients with SMI. We included 92 studies, with a total population of 3,371,461 patients (BD = 241,226, MDD = 476,102, SCZ = 1,721,586, SMI = 932,547) and 113,925,577 controls. Pooled prevalence of any CVD in SMI was 9.9% (95% CI = 7.4–13.3) (33 studies, 360,144 patients). Compared to controls, after adjusting for a median of 7 confounders, SMI was associated with higher risk of CVD in cross-sectional studies, OR:1.53 (95% CI = 1.27–1.83) (11 studies), with CHD OR: 1.51 (95% CI = 1.47–1.55) (5 studies), with CBVD OR: 1.42 (95% CI = 1.21–1.66) (6 studies), and tended to be associated with HF OR: 1.28 (95% CI = 0.99–1.65) (4 studies). Cumulative incidence was 3.6 CVD events in a median follow-up period of 8.4 years (range: 1.76–30). After considering a median of 6 confounders, SMI was associated with higher longitudinal risk of CVD in longitudinal studies HR: 1.78 (95% CI = 1.6, 1.98) (31 studies), of CHD: HR: 1.54 (95% CI 1.30–1.82) (18 studies), of CBVD HR: 1.64 (95% CI 1.26–2.14) (11 studies), of HF HR:2.10 (95% CI 1.64–2.70) (2 studies), of PVD, unadjusted RR: 3.11 (95% CI 2.46–3.91) (3 studies), of death due to CVD, HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.53–2.24) (16 studies). In this meta-analysis, the association between SMI and CVD has been quantified in a world representative sample; we suggest prevention of CVD should be warranted as standard care in SMI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychological and clinical factors associated with emotional distress related to type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Stankovic Z. , Lalic K. , Jasovic M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionStress and coping with diabetes can affect the severity of disease directly, through pathophysiological processes or indirectly, through the patient's own perception of disease by deteriorating adherence to therapy and daily functioning.ObjectivesTo investigate emotional distress related to T2DM according to demographic, clinical, psychological, metabolic and anthropometric characteristics.MethodsEighty-two in- and outpatients of both sexes (<65 years) with endocrinologist-diagnosed T2DM, duration ≥5 years, treated with either oral therapy, insulin or both, were included in this cross-sectional study. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was employed for assessment of severity of depressive symptoms. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used for assessment of cognitive status. The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) (subscale related to emotional problems associated with T2DM) was applied for assessment of emotional distress. Clinical characteristics of the illness were obtained from medical records. Laboratory and anthropometric measures (Body mass index, Waist circumference) were also performed. The level of significance in statistical analyses (Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation) was P = 0.05.ResultsThe PAID (emotional distress) subscore was significantly higher in patients with psychiatric heredity (P = 0.028) in relation to these without (Student's t-test). Considerable positive correlation between PAID subscore and BDI score (r = 0.588) (P = 0.000), and negative correlation between PAID subscore and MMSE score (r = −0.201) (P = 0.050) were also found (Pearson's correlation).ConclusionsPsychological factors: psychiatric heredity, higher intensity of depression and poor cognitive functioning were significantly associated with emotional distress related to the illness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Who did it? Exploring gaze agency in obsessive-compulsive (OC) checkers
Authors: Giuliani M. , Gregori Grigc R. , Martoni R.M. , Cavallini M.C. , Crespi S.A. , de'Sperati C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionClinically, OC-checkers often report staring compulsions and “lack of action completion” sensations, which have been linked to self-agency alterations. Belayachi and Van der Linden (2009) theoretically proposed that “abnormal” checkers self-agency could be due to an over-reliability on environmental cues and to a tendency to specify actions in a procedural and inflexible way, conceiving them as “low-level” agents. Currently, no studies have experimentally address this issue.ObjectivesTo investigate self-agency in OC-checkers subtype, measuring gaze agency (the ability to understand that we can cause events through our eye movements) and taking into account both agency beliefs and agency feelings.Methods13 OC-checkers and 13 healthy controls underwent two tasks. “Discovery” task, a completely novel task used to examine causal learning abilities. Subjects watched bouncing balls on a computer screen with the aim of discovering the cause of concurrently presented acoustical beeps. “Detection” task, a two-alternative forced choice task that required subjects to tell whether or not the beeps were generated by their own eye movements.ResultsCheckers exhibit:– lower performance scores and confidence ratings when they have to self-attribute the beep cause, but not eye behavioral differences, during discovery task;– lower confidence ratings, but a level of accuracy similar to that of controls, during detection task.ConclusionsCheckers do not show an altered self-agency per se, but what we have called a “doubtful” self-agency: indeed, we argue that agency beliefs alterations found during Discovery task can be due to pathological doubt, rather than to altered agency feelings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Outcomes of involuntary hospital admission. Satisfaction with treatment and the effect of involuntary admissions on patients
Authors: Reshetukha T. , Alavi N. , Prost E. , Groll D. , Cardy R. , Mofidi N. , Wang P. , Patel C. , Sajid S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionInvoluntary hospitalization in those presumed to be mentally ill has been a common practice. Although some patients are hospitalized for aggression, two-thirds of the patients are hospitalized because of the threat they pose to themselves. Although these patients require risk assessment and evaluation for possible presence of mental illness, the question is how much these patients will benefit from involuntary admission and what the long-term outcome would be.MethodAll patients admitted involuntary to the psychiatric ward in Kingston, Canada, and psychiatrists involved in their care were interviewed to see whether they think the involuntary admission was helpful. All patients were asked to fill-out MacArthur AES to assess their satisfaction with hospitalization.ResultsAlthough psychiatrists frequently reported that the admission was justified, only 29 out of 81 patients reported being explained to why they had been admitted involuntarily. Also, there was a significant difference in AES scores between those who were and were not given an explanation for admission. In addition, psychiatrists more often reported that the involuntary admission worsened the therapeutic relationship which was significantly associated with involuntary admission that was not explained to patients.DiscussionThe results of our study shows that patients admitted involuntarily often feel disappointed with staff and mental health system. It could lead to feeling of hopelessness, frustration and low self-esteem. If explained, some patients who present with risk to self might accept voluntary admissions, that will improve therapeutic alliance with psychiatrists and increase satisfaction from hospitalization. Result of this study could improve the decision making process for involuntary admissions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Evaluation of a nonsmoking program in psychiatric clinic
Authors: Jaber J. , Tomé A. , Castro F. , Hollanda A. , Reys B. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe work evaluates the nonsmoking program successful experience, carried out between the years of 2008 and 2015 in a psychiatric clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ObjectivesThe program has as objectives to evaluate the treatment of tobacco dependence in patients with disorders for the use of substances and other psychiatric disorders and the experience of transforming the therapeutic space of the clinic in a tobacco-free environment, considering that the use of tobacco is responsible for a large number of avoidable deaths and other aggravations to health.MethodsThe program achieved the objectives, assessing the promotion of the tobacco abstinence in a large number of patients, through the utilization of pharmacological treatment, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, occupational therapy, art therapy and moderate physical activity.ResultsIn a 12-month period, after carrying out the program, 48% of the assessed patients kept in tobacco abstinence.ConclusionsThe study showed the percentage of patients who were discharged on tobacco abstinence and the percentage of those who kept abstemious after 12 months, demonstrating that the nonsmoking program is an efficient tool in the tobacco dependence treatment and can be used over a psychiatric hospitalization with promising results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Beyond the crisis: Ongoing psychiatric treatment and service utilization after initial symptom stabilization following first-episode psychosis for adolescents
Authors: Gearing R. , Brewer K. , Mian I. , Moore K. , Fisher P. , Hamilton J. , Mandiberg J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe importance of timely identification and treatment of psychosis are increasingly the focus of early interventions, with research targeting the initial high-risk period in the months following first-episode hospitalization. However, ongoing psychiatric treatment and service utilization after the symptoms have been stabilized over the initial years following first-episode has received less research attention.ObjectivesTo model the variables predicting continued service utilization with psychiatrists for adolescents following their first-episode psychosis; examine associated temporal patterns in continued psychiatric service utilization.MethodsThis study utilized a cohort design to assess adolescents (age 14.4 ± 2.5 years) discharged following their index hospitalization for first-episode psychosis. Bivariate analyses were conducted on predictor variables associated with psychiatric service utilization. All significant predictor variables were included in a logistic regression model.ResultsVariables that were significantly associated with psychiatric service utilization included: diagnosis with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder rather than major mood disorder with psychotic features (OR = 24.0; P = 0.02), a first degree relative with depression (OR = 0.12; P = 0.05), and months since last psychiatric inpatient discharge (OR = 0.92; P = 0.02). Further examination of time since last hospitalization found that all adolescents continued service utilization up to 18 months post-discharge.ConclusionsKey findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis, that a first degree relative with depression may negatively influence the adolescent's ongoing service utilization, and that 18 months post-discharge may a critical time to review current treatment strategies and collaborate with youth and families to ensure that services continue to meet their needs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.