bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Antimicrobial Scrub Contamination and Transmission (ASCOT) Trial: A Three-Arm, Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial With Crossover Design to Determine the Efficacy of Antimicrobial-Impregnated Scrubs in Preventing Healthcare Provider Contamination
Authors: Anderson Deverick J. , Addison Rachel , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Warren Bobby , Sharma-Kuinkel Batu , Rojas Laura J. , Rudin Susan D. , Lewis Sarah S. , Moehring Rebekah W. , Weber David J. , Rutala William A. , Bonomo Robert A. , Fowler Vance G. , Sexton Daniel J. ,   the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVETo determine whether antimicrobial-impregnated textiles decrease the acquisition of pathogens by healthcare provider (HCP) clothing.DESIGNWe completed a 3-arm randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of 2 types of antimicrobial-impregnated clothing compared to standard HCP clothing. Cultures were obtained from each nurse participant, the healthcare environment, and patients during each shift. The primary outcome was the change in total contamination on nurse scrubs, measured as the sum of colony-forming units (CFU) of bacteria.PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGNurses working in medical and surgical ICUs in a 936-bed tertiary-care hospital.INTERVENTIONNurse subjects wore standard cotton-polyester surgical scrubs (control), scrubs that contained a complex element compound with a silver-alloy embedded in its fibers (Scrub 1), or scrubs impregnated with an organosilane-based quaternary ammonium and a hydrophobic fluoroacrylate copolymer emulsion (Scrub 2). Nurse participants were blinded to scrub type and randomly participated in all 3 arms during 3 consecutive 12-hour shifts in the intensive care unit.RESULTSIn total, 40 nurses were enrolled and completed 3 shifts. Analyses of 2,919 cultures from the environment and 2,185 from HCP clothing showed that scrub type was not associated with a change in HCP clothing contamination (P=.70). Mean difference estimates were 0.118 for the Scrub 1 arm (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.206 to 0.441; P=.48) and 0.009 for the Scrub 2 rm (95% CI, −0.323 to 0.342; P=.96) compared to the control. HCP became newly contaminated with important pathogens during 19 of the 120 shifts (16%).CONCLUSIONSAntimicrobial-impregnated scrubs were not effective at reducing HCP contamination. However, the environment is an important source of HCP clothing contamination.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT 02645214Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1147–1154
Optical wireless information transfer with nonlinear micromechanical resonators
Authors: Boales Joseph A. , Mateen Farrukh , Mohanty Pritiraj 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWireless transfer of information is the basis of modern communication. It includes cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth, and GPS systems, all of which use electromagnetic radio waves with frequencies ranging from typically 100 MHz to a few GHz. However, several long-standing challenges with standard radio-wave wireless transmission still exist, including keeping secure transmission of data from potential compromise. Here, we demonstrate wireless information transfer using a line-of-sight optical architecture with a micromechanical element. In this fundamentally new approach, a laser beam encoded with information impinges on a nonlinear micromechanical resonator located a distance from the laser. The force generated by the radiation pressure of the laser light on the nonlinear micromechanical resonator produces a sideband modulation signal, which carries the precise information encoded in the subtle changes in the radiation pressure. Using this, we demonstrate data and image transfer with one hundred percent fidelity with a single 96-by-270 μm silicon resonator element in an optical frequency band. This mechanical approach relies only on the momentum of the incident photons and is therefore able to use any portion of the optical frequency band—a band that is 10 000 times wider than the radio frequency band. Our line-of-sight architecture using highly scalable micromechanical resonators offers new possibilities in wireless communication. Due to their small size, these resonators can be easily arrayed while maintaining a small form factor to provide redundancy and parallelism.
IgSF21 promotes differentiation of inhibitory synapses via binding to neurexin2α
Authors: Tanabe Yuko , Naito Yusuke , Vasuta Cristina , Lee Alfred Kihoon , Soumounou Youssouf , Linhoff Michael W. , Takahashi Hideto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCoordinated development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses is essential for higher brain function, and impairment in this development is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast to the large body of accumulated evidence regarding excitatory synapse development, little is known about synaptic adhesion and organization mechanisms underlying inhibitory synapse development. Through unbiased expression screens and proteomics, we identified immunoglobulin superfamily member 21 (IgSF21) as a neurexin2α-interacting membrane protein that selectively induces inhibitory presynaptic differentiation. IgSF21 localizes postsynaptically and recruits axonal neurexin2α in a trans-interaction manner. Deleting IgSF21 in mice impairs inhibitory presynaptic organization, especially in the hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum, and also diminishes GABA-mediated synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 neurons without affecting their excitatory synapses. Finally, mice lacking IgSF21 show a sensorimotor gating deficit. These findings suggest that IgSF21 selectively regulates inhibitory presynaptic differentiation through interacting with presynaptic neurexin2α and plays a crucial role in synaptic inhibition in the brain.
Direct imaging of delayed magneto-dynamic modes induced by surface acoustic waves
Authors: Foerster Michael , Macià Ferran , Statuto Nahuel , Finizio Simone , Hernández-Mínguez Alberto , Lendínez Sergi , Santos Paulo V. , Fontcuberta Josep , Hernàndez Joan Manel , Kläui Mathias , Aballe Lucia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe magnetoelastic effect—the change of magnetic properties caused by the elastic deformation of a magnetic material—has been proposed as an alternative approach to magnetic fields for the low-power control of magnetization states of nanoelements since it avoids charge currents, which entail ohmic losses. Here, we have studied the effect of dynamic strain accompanying a surface acoustic wave on magnetic nanostructures in thermal equilibrium. We have developed an experimental technique based on stroboscopic X-ray microscopy that provides a pathway to the quantitative study of strain waves and magnetization at the nanoscale. We have simultaneously imaged the evolution of both strain and magnetization dynamics of nanostructures at the picosecond time scale and found that magnetization modes have a delayed response to the strain modes, adjustable by the magnetic domain configuration. Our results provide fundamental insight into magnetoelastic coupling in nanostructures and have implications for the design of strain-controlled magnetostrictive nano-devices.
Timely regulated sorting from early to late endosomes is required to maintain cerebellar long-term depression
Authors: Kim Taegon , Yamamoto Yukio , Tanaka-Yamamoto Keiko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn important feature of long-term synaptic plasticity is the prolonged maintenance of plastic changes in synaptic transmission. The trafficking of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) is involved in the expression of many forms of synaptic plasticity, yet the subsequent events accomplishing the maintenance of plastic changes in synaptic AMPAR numbers are not fully understood. Here, we find that maintenance of cerebellar long-term depression results from a reduction in the number of AMPARs residing within endocytic recycling pathways. We then develop a genetically encoded, photosensitive inhibitor of late endosome sorting and use this to discover that initial maintenance of long-term depression relies on timely regulated late endosome sorting, which exhibits a threshold as well as switch-like behavior. Thus, our results indicate that recycling AMPAR numbers are reduced by a switching machinery of transient late endosome sorting, and that this process enables the transition from basal synaptic transmission to long-term depression maintenance.
Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed, Directed Aryl C–H/N–H Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Henry Martyn , Mostafa Mohamed , Sutherland Andrew 
Published: August 2017

Amination and amidation of aryl compounds using a transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction typically involves prefunctionalization or preoxidation of either partner. In recent years, a new class of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction has been developed for the direct formation of aryl C–N bonds. This short review highlights the substantial progress made for ortho-C–N bond formation via transition-metal-catalyzed chelation-directed aryl C–H activation and gives an overview of the challenges that remain for directed meta- and para-selective reactions.1	Introduction2	Intramolecular C–N Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling2.1	Nitrogen Functionality as Both Coupling Partner and Directing Group2.2	Chelating-Group-Directed Intramolecular C–N Bond Formation3	Intermolecular C–N Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling3.1	ortho-C–N Bond Formation3.1.1	Copper-Catalyzed Reactions3.1.2	Other Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions3.2	meta- and para-C–N Bond Formation4	C–N Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Acidic C–H Bonds5	Conclusions
Catalyst- and Solvent-Free Addition of the P–H Species to Alkenes and Alkynes: A Green Methodology for C–P Bond Formation
Authors: Trofimov Boris , Gusarova Nina , Chernysheva Nataliya 
Published: August 2017

Traditional methods for C–P bond formation via direct addition of P–H species to unsaturated compounds are usually implemented in the presence of base and metal catalysts or radical initiators in various organic solvents. During the last five years, a novel efficient and general catalyst/initiator- and solvent-free version of the hydrophosphination and hydrophosphinylation of multiple C–C bonds with H-phosphines and their chalcogenides has begun to develop and it is attracting growing attention. This approach corresponds to the recently emerged pot-, atom-, and step-economy (PASE) green paradigm. This review covers the literature on the synthesis of useful and in-demand organophosphorus compounds via catalyst- and solvent-free addition of P–H species to alkenes and alkynes.1	Introduction2	Addition of Secondary Phosphines to Alkenes3	Hydrophosphinylation of Alkenes with Secondary Phosphine Chalcogenides3.1	Oxidative Addition of Phosphine Oxides to Vinyl Sulfides3.2	Addition of Secondary Phosphine Sulfides and Phosphine Selenides to Alkenes3.3	Addition of Secondary Phosphine Sulfides and Phosphine Selenides to Divinyl Chalcogenides3.4	Hydrophosphinylation of Alkenes with Secondary Phosphine/Chalcogen Pair (Three-Component Reactions)4	Addition of Secondary Phosphines to Alkynes5	Addition of Secondary Phosphine Chalcogenides to Alkynes6	Conclusion
Recent Developments in the Deoxyfluorination of Alcohols and Phenols: New Reagents, Mechanistic Insights, and Applications
Authors: Hu Xiang-Guo , Hunter Luke , Hu Wen-Li 
Published: August 2017

This short review describes the development of new reagents and methods for the deoxyfluorination of phenols and alcohols during the period of 2011 to 2017. Important advances in the mechanistic understanding of these processes are discussed. The continuing importance of deoxyfluorination chemistry for the synthesis of valuable target molecules is highlighted through case studies including examples of 18F-radiosynthesis and the preparation of exotic multifluorinated compounds.1	Introduction2	New Deoxyfluorination Reagents3	Novel Applications of ‘Legacy’ Deoxyfluorinating Reagents4	Conclusions and Future Directions
Macrophages in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Role Model of Pathogenic Immunometabolism
Authors: Krenkel Oliver , Tacke Frank 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive inflammatory form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolism and inflammation are intimately interrelated in NAFLD/NASH, as expressed by the term immunometabolism. Hepatic macrophages mediate inflammatory responses during metabolic disorders and can stimulate or dismantle liver fibrosis. Their functional diversity is partly explained by heterogeneous macrophage subsets: tissue-resident Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. However, macrophages themselves are altered in their functional polarization by dietary composition and metabolic or inflammatory stimuli in NAFLD. The inflammatory polarization of macrophages correlates with changes in core metabolism pathways like oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. The availability of nutrients, such as glucose or fatty acids or oxygen also influences macrophage polarization upon danger signal or cytokine reception. Understanding the interplay of metabolism and macrophage function in NASH may open new approaches to therapeutic targeting of these essential modifiers in metabolic liver diseases.
Applying the Newman-Peacock Prognostic System to a Portuguese Obstetrical Population - A Useful Tool?
Authors: Mendes Silva Rita , Clode Nuno 
Published: August 2017

Background External cephalic version (ECV) is a maneuver that enables the rotation of the non-cephalic fetus to a cephalic presentation. The Newman-Peacock (NP) index, which was proposed by Newman et al. in a study published in 1993, was described as a prediction tool of the success of this procedure; it was validated in a North-American population, and three prognostic groups were identified.
Purpose To evaluate the value of the NP score for the prediction of a successful ECV in a Portuguese obstetrical population, and to evaluate maternal and fetal safety.
Methods We present an observational study conducted from 1997–2016 with pregnant women at 36–38 weeks of pregnancy who were candidates for external cephalic version in our department. Demographic and obstetrical data were collected, including the parameters included in the NP index (parity, cervical dilatation, estimated fetal weight, placental location and fetal station). The calculation of the NP score was performed, and the percentages of success were compared among the three prognostic groups and with the original study by Newman et al. The performance of the score was determined using the Student t-test, the Chi-squared test, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results In total, 337 women were included. The overall success rate was of 43.6%. The univariate analysis revealed that multiparity, posterior placentation and a less engaged fetus were factors that favored a successful maneuver (p < 0.05). Moreover, a higher amniotic fluid index was also a relevant predictive factor (p < 0.05). The Newman-Peacock score had a poorer performance in our population compared with that of the sample of the original study, but we still found a positive relationship between higher scores and higher prediction of success (p < 0.001). No fetal or maternal morbidities were registered.
Conclusions The Newman-Peacock score had a poorer performance among our population compared to its performance in the original study, but the results suggest that this score is still a useful tool to guide our clinical practice and counsel the candidate regarding ECV.
Relationship between Anxiety and Interleukin 10 in Female Soccer Players with and Without Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Authors: Foster Roberta , Vaisberg Mauro , Araújo Maíta Poli de , Martins Marcia Aparecida , Capel Tiago , Bachi Andre Luis Lacerda , Bella Zsuzsanna Ilona Katalin de Jármy-Di 
Published: August 2017

Objective To investigate the level of anxiety and its relationship with interleukin (IL)-10 (anti inflammatory cytokine that modulates mood swings) in a group of female soccer players.
Methods Fifty-two eumenorrheic soccer players were evaluated (age 19.8 ± 4.7 years). The presence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and phases of the menstrual cycle were determined by a daily symptom report (DSR) kept for 3 consecutive months. The concentration of cytokine IL-10 was determined from urine samples collected at four moments: at the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and before (pre) and after (post) the simulated game, and it was quantified by flow cytometry (Luminex xMAP - EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The level of anxiety was determined through the BAI anxiety questionnaire answered by all athletes at the same time of the urine collection. The Student t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation with significance level at 5% were used for data analysis.
Results We showed that the prevalence of PMS among female soccer players is similar to that reported in the literature. In addition, we showed that the group with PMS has a higher level of anxiety compared with group without PMS (p = 0.002). Interleukin-10 analysis in players without PMS revealed that there was a significant decrease in the level of this cytokine before the game during the luteal phase when compared with the follicular phase (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis between IL-10 and anxiety showed a negative correlation post-game in the luteal phase in the group without PMS (p = 0.02; r = -0.50) and a positive correlation post-game in the luteal phase in PMS group (p = 0.04; r = 0.36).
Conclusion Our results suggest that IL-10 may contribute to reduce anxiety in the group without PMS. This could be attributed to the fact that no IL-10 variation was observed in the group with PMS, which presented higher anxiety symptoms when compared with the group without PMS.
Functional Imaging and Assessment of Antitumor Activity in Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kambadakone Avinash , Baliyan Vinit , Zhu Andrew 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIncreasing use of novel systemic treatment options in the management of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) such as antiangiogenic and molecular-targeted therapies, poses unique challenges for effective treatment monitoring and efficacy assessment. The traditional morphological criteria such as response evaluation criteria in solid tumor (RECIST) rely on changes in tumor size to determine treatment efficacy. However, these criteria based on tumor morphology may not be suitable to monitor response to newer targeted therapies as early functional changes induced by these drugs precede changes in tumor size. Modifications of these morphological criteria that determine response based on tumor enhancement characteristics such as modified RECIST (mRECIST) will potentially allow improved determination of treatment response pending validation from prospective trials. Advanced functional imaging techniques such as perfusion imaging (computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging [CT/MRI]), diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET/CT and PET/MRI) are being increasingly used as surrogate imaging biomarkers to provide superior assessment of changes in tumor physiology. Growing emphasis on precision oncological care tailored to specific tumor type and individual patients renders the use of these newer imaging modalities more pertinent and timely. In this review, the authors discuss the role of various imaging techniques and response assessment criteria in the evaluation of systemic therapy for advanced HCC with focus on functional imaging tools.
Prevalence of the MTHFR C677T Mutation in Fertile and Infertile Women
Authors: Soligo Adriana de Góes , Barini Ricardo , Annichino-Bizzacchi Joyce Maria 
Published: August 2017

Introduction The importance of the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in infertile women remains controversial.
Objective To evaluate if the MTHFR C677T mutations are more frequent in infertile women, and if they can be associated with the occurrence of infertility in the Brazilian population.
Methods This case-control study included 130 infertile women consulting at a private clinic between March 2003 and March 2005 (data previously published), and 260 fertile women attending the family planning outpatient clinic of our institution between April 2012 and March 2013.
Data analysis The Chi-squared and Fisher Exact tests were used to evaluate the association between the presence of the MTHFR C677T mutation and a history of infertility.
Results The frequency of the mutation was of 58.5% for the case group (n = 76) and of 49.2% for the fertile controls (n = 128). The mutation was homozygous in 13 women in the case group (10%) and in 23 of the fertile women in the control group (8.8%). These differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusions These results suggest that the presence of the MTHFR C677T mutation does not constitute a risk factor for infertility, even when the mutation is homozygous. Further studies are needed to confirm whether research on this mutation should be considered unnecessary in women with infertility.
Surgical Anatomy of the Orbit in Human Cadavers–An Endoscopic Pictorial Documentation
Authors: Maslehaty Homajoun , Schultheiss Saskia , Scholz Martin , Petridis Athanasios 
Published: August 2017

Background The aim of our study was a pictorial documentation of the anatomical structures of the orbit.
Methods We performed a transmaxillary endoscopic approach in nine formalin-fixed human heads. We identified and documented the anatomy of the inferior part of the orbit.
Results The first intraorbital anatomical landmark was the inferior rectus muscle, from which important structures medially and laterally could be identified. Anatomical structures and their relation to each other were documented and presented as illustrative figures.
Conclusion Knowledge of the topographic anatomy of the inferior part of the orbit could be sufficiently imparted by our illustrations. The presented transmaxillary approach allowed a wide overview of the anatomical structures located in the inferior part of the orbit. Our pictorial documentation may provide neurosurgeons more safety and the opportunity to become familiar with the endoscopic anatomy.
Delayed Brain Edema and Swelling following Craniectomy for Evacuation of an Epidural Abscess that Improved by Cranioplasty: Case Report
Authors: Sugii Narushi , Matsuda Masahide , Sekine Tomokazu , Matsumura Hideaki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Matsumura Akira 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report a unique case of delayed brain swelling following craniectomy that improved rapidly after cranioplasty, and discuss the potential mechanism underlying this delayed and reversible brain swelling. A 22-year-old woman developed surgical site infection after removal of a convexity meningioma. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an epidural abscess around the surgical site. Subsequently, the abscess was evacuated, and the bone flap was removed. Later, brain edema around the skull defect emerged and progressed gradually, despite resolution of the infection. The edematous brain developed focal swelling outward through the bone defect without ventricle dilatation. Because we suspected that the edema and swelling were caused by the state of the bone defect, we performed a cranioplasty 10 weeks after the bone flap removal, and brain edema improved rapidly. We hypothesized that the brain edema was initially caused by surgical stress and inflammation, followed by compression of cortical veins between the dural edge and brain tissue, leading to disruption of venous return and exacerbation of brain edema. When delayed focal brain edema and external swelling progress gradually after bone flap removal, after excluding other pathological conditions, cranioplasty should be considered to improve cortical venous congestion caused by postsurgical adhesion.