bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stealth surgery for congenital muscular torticollis
Authors: Raut Amit , Tatar Deephree 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionWe report a case of congenital muscular torticollis managed successfully by the endoscopic transaxillary subcutaneous approach without any neck incision.Materials and Surgical TechniqueA 10‐year‐old girl was diagnosed as having right torticollis. After her condition and the necessary procedure were explained to her parents, the patient underwent surgery. The patient was placed in the supine position. A subcutaneous tunnel was made from the anterior axillary fold up to the right sternocleidomastoid muscle. Flow rate and pressure were gradually increased during this process. Then the sternocleidomastoid muscle's sternal and clavicular attachments were dissected and divided.DiscussionScarless surgery is in great demand today. Stealth surgery refers to endoscopic subcutaneous procedures performed without leaving any obvious evidence that an operation has occurred. It involves the excision of benign subcutaneous lesions of the head and neck in children through an incision in the axilla or a hidden incision in the scalp.
Limitations of outsourcing on‐the‐ground biodiversity conservation
Authors: Iacona Gwenllian D. , Bode Michael , Armsworth Paul R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo counteract global species decline, modern biodiversity conservation engages in large projects, spends billions of dollars, and includes many organizations working simultaneously within regions. To add to this complexity, the conservation sector has hierarchical structure, where conservation actions are often outsourced by funders (foundations, government, etc.) to local organizations that work on‐the‐ground. In contrast, conservation science usually assumes that a single organization makes resource allocation decisions. This discrepancy calls for theory to understand how the expected biodiversity outcomes change when interactions between organizations are accounted for. Here, we used a game theoretic model to explore how biodiversity outcomes are affected by vertical and horizontal interactions between 3 conservation organizations: a funder that outsourced its actions and 2 local conservation organizations that work on‐the‐ground. Interactions between the organizations changed the spending decisions made by individual organizations, and thereby the magnitude and direction of the conservation benefits. We showed that funders would struggle to incentivize recipient organizations with set priorities to perform desired actions, even when they control substantial amounts of the funding and employ common contracting approaches to enhance outcomes. Instead, biodiversity outcomes depended on priority alignment across the organizations. Conservation outcomes for the funder were improved by strategic interactions when organizational priorities were well aligned, but decreased when priorities were misaligned. Meanwhile, local organizations had improved outcomes regardless of alignment due to additional funding in the system. Given that conservation often involves the aggregate actions of multiple organizations with different objectives, strategic interactions between organizations need to be considered if we are to predict possible outcomes of conservation programs or costs of achieving conservation targets.
Das Druckprofil von Sportkompressionsstrümpfen
Authors: Reich‐Schupke Stefanie , Surhoff Stefan , Stücker Markus 
Published: April 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrundZunehmend werden Sportkompressionsstrümpfe (SKS) eingesetzt, doch fehlt eine Norm in Analogie zu medizinischen Kompressionsstrümpfen (MKS). Ziel dieser Pilotstudie war der Vergleich der Druckprofile von fünf SKS ex vivo und in vivo miteinander sowie mit MKS‐Normen.Patienten und MethodikCEP Running‐Progressive‐Socks, Falke Running‐­Energizing, Sigvaris Performance, X‐Socks Speed‐Metal‐Energizer und 2XU Compression‐­Race‐Socks wurden an zehn Leistungssportlern (standardisiert in vivo, Kikuhime‐­Sensor) sowie im Hohenstein Institut (ex vivo) hinsichtlich ihres Druckprofils getestet.ErgebnisseDie Ex‐vivo‐Messungen im Fesselbereich von CEP (25,6 mmHg) und 2XU (23,2 mmHg) entsprachen der deutschen MKS‐Klasse 2, von Sigvaris‐SKS (20,8 mmHg) der deutschen MKS‐Klasse 1. Die übrigen SKS lagen darunter. Die ermittelten Druckprofile differierten stark und entsprachen nicht der MKS‐Norm. Die In‐vivo‐Messungen zeigten für drei SKS (2XU, CEP, Sigvaris) durchschnittlich einen höheren Anpressdruck als die SKS von Falke und X‐Socks. Alle SKS lagen in vivo jedoch unter der deutschen MKS‐Klasse 1. Kein SKS bot den für MKS geforderten Druckabfall vom Messpunkt B nach D.SchlussfolgerungenDie in vivo und ex vivo ermittelten SKS‐Druckprofile zeigten heterogene Ergebnisse und folgten kaum den MKS‐Anforderungen. Entsprechend sind auch die klinisch‐praktischen Effekte von SKS nicht vergleichbar. Wünschenswert wäre eine SKS‐Klassifikation, die erlaubt, Produkte einzuordnen, zu vergleichen und nach konkreten Vorlieben und Bedürfnissen (hoher vs. geringer Druck, progressiver vs. degressiver Gradient) auszuwählen.
Report on immediate irradiation of a rapidly growing sarcoma of the scalp prior to wound closure
Authors: Müller Cornelia Sigrid Lissi , Jungmann Janina , Pföhler Claudia , Mohammad Farid , Rübe Christian , Vogt Thomas 
Published: April 2016

SummaryCutaneous sarcomas are primarily treated with extensive surgery, and occasionally require adjuvant radiation therapy following complete wound healing. Thus, sarcoma surgery leads to large and deep wounds, and the initiation of adjuvant radiation therapy depends on the time required for defect closure. We present the case of a male patient with pleomorphic sarcoma of the temporal skin, which was treated with multiple wide and deep excisions, instant application of an Integra® bilayer, and immediate radiation therapy prior to wound closure. The objective was to investigate the usefulness of a dermal substitute (Integra®) in accelerating the effect of adjuvant radiation therapy on scalp defects after tumor surgery. A ring‐shaped skin area – at risk for recurrence – around the Integra® bilayer was irradiated with a total of 59.4 Gy. No necrosis, infection, or major radiotoxicity was observed, and a subsequent split skin graft following radiation therapy remained fully vital until complete healing. In conclusion, a combined procedure consisting of sequential tumor surgery and subsequent application of a dermal substitute in conjunction with immediate initiation of adjuvant radiation therapy is, in principle, possible, and may permit innovative therapeutic options in dermatooncology and dermatosurgery.
Laser‐assisted drug delivery: mode of action and use in daily clinical practice
Authors: Braun Stephan Alexander , Schrumpf Holger , Buhren Bettina Alexandra , Homey Bernhard , Gerber Peter Arne 
Published: April 2016

SummaryTopical application of pharmaceutical agents is a basic principle of dermatological therapy. However, the effective barrier function of the skin significantly impairs the bioavailability of most topical drugs. Fractional ablative lasers represent an innovative strategy to overcome the epidermal barrier in a standardized, contact‐free manner. The bioavailability of topical agents can be significantly enhanced using laser‐assisted drug delivery (LADD). In recent years, the principle of LADD has become well established for various dermatological indications. Herein, we review the current literature on LADD and present potential future applications.
The differentiation of amniotic fluid stem cells into sweat glandlike cells is enhanced by the presence of Sonic hedgehog in the conditioned medium
Authors: Liang Hansi , Sun Qing , Zhen Yunfang , Li Fang , Xu YunYun , Liu Yao , Zhang Xueguang , Qin Mingde 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAfter patients suffer severe full‐thickness burn injuries, the current treatments cannot lead to the complete self‐regeneration of the sweat gland structure and function. Therefore, it is important to identify new methods for acquiring sufficient functional sweat gland cells to restore skin function. In this study, we inducedCD117+ human amniotic fluid stem (hAFS) cells to differentiate into sweat glandlike (hAFS‐SG) cells based on the use of conditioned medium (CM) from the human sweat gland (hSG) cells. Real‐timePCRand immunofluorescent staining were used to confirm the expression of the sweat gland‐related genes Ectodysplasin‐A (EDA), Ectodysplasin‐A receptor (EDAR), keratin 8 (K8) and carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA). Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that microvilli, the cellular structures that are typical for hSGcells, can also be observed on the membrane of the hAFS‐SGcells. Our test for the calcium response to acetylcholine (Ach) proved that hAFS‐SGcells have the potential to respond to Ach in a manner similar to normal sweat glands. A three‐dimensional culture is an effective approach that stimulates the hAFS‐SGcells to form tubular structures and drives hAFS‐SGcells to mature into higher stage. We also found that epidermal growth factor enhances the efficiency of differentiation and that Sonic hedgehog is an important factor of theCMthat influences sweat gland differentiation. Our study provides the basis for further investigations into novel methods of inducing stem cells to differentiate into sweat glandlike cells.
The decision to moonlight: does second job holding by the self‐employed and employed differ?
Authors: Atherton Andrew , Faria João R. , Wheatley Daniel , Wu Dongxu , Wu Zhongmin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article considers drivers of second job holding among the self‐employed in comparison with the employed. Econometric analysis of panel data explores whether the self‐employed are more or less likely to take on a second job when already running their own business than their employed counterparts. The findings contribute to the literature through identification of a need‐based variable—difficulty in meeting housing costs—as a key driver of movements from self‐employment to hybrid entrepreneurship. Findings, further, identify different patterns of second job holding by gender, particularly among self‐employed individuals.
Blacklisting and its legacy in the UK construction industry: employment relations in the aftermath of exposure of the Consulting Association
Authors: Druker Janet 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper explores responses to the exposure of blacklisting in the UK construction industry in the period following the closure of the Consulting Association (CA) in 2009. It asks whether employer collusion to blacklist in this way has been terminated and concludes that it is now largely of historical interest although other forms of anti‐union activity continue. It highlights particularly the historic and continuing importance of ‘double breasting’ and reports on divergent employer paths in the aftermath of the exposure and subsequent closure of the activities of the CA.
Tetrahymena australis (Protozoa, Ciliophora): A Well‐Known But “Non‐Existing” Taxon – Consideration of Its Identification, Definition and Systematic Position
Authors: Liu Mingjian , Fan Xinpeng , Gao Feng , Gao Shan , Yu Yuhe , Warren Alan , Huang Jie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA cryptic species of the Tetrahymena pyriformis complex, Tetrahymena australis, has been known for a long time but never properly diagnosed based on taxonomic methods. The species name is thus invalid according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Recently, a population isolated from a freshwater lake in Wuhan, China was investigated using live observations, silver staining methods and gene sequence data. This organism can be separated from other described species of the T. pyriformis complex by its relatively small body size, the number of somatic kineties and differences in sequences of two genes, namely the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1). We compared the SSU rRNA gene sequences of all available Tetrahymena species to reveal the nucleotide differences within this genus. The sequence of the Wuhan population is identical to two sequences of a previously isolated strain of T. australis (ATCC #30831). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that these three sequences (X56167, M98015, KT334373) cluster with Tetrahymena shanghaiensis (EF070256) in a polytomy. However, sequence divergence of the cox1 gene between the Wuhan population and another strain of T. australis (ATCC #30271) is 1.4%, suggesting that these may represent different subspecies.
Effects of Temperature on Thermo‐Physical Properties of Roasted Peanut Paste (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Blended with Soybean Oil
Authors: Raigar Rakesh Kumar , Mishra Hari Niwas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe thermo‐physical properties of peanut paste (PP) blended with varying amount of soybean oil (SO) (0–25%, w/w) were studied as functions of temperature (30–70C). Thermal conductivity (k), thermal diffusivity (α) and specific heat (Cp) were determined using the thermal pro analyzer (line heat source methods) while the density (ρ) was determined by the pycnometer. The k and α were in the range of 0.079–0.214W/m/Kand 0.067–0.164 m2/s that decreased with increase in temperature and the proportion of SO. The density (929–1047 kg/m3) decreased with increasing temperature and SO content. The Cp was found to range between (1.10–2.64) × 10−3 kJ/kg/C, which also increased with increases in temperature and SO proportion in the blend. The calculated activation energy was higher for pure PP. A multiple regression polynomial equations were developed of k, α, Cp and ρ, as a function of SO supplementation and temperature.Practical ApplicationsPeanut paste, butter and peanut‐based ready‐to‐eat therapeutic food (RTE‐TF) have been considered as an important protein and energy rich food in addition with macro and micro nutrients. These peanut‐based products are mostly used for breakfast and for fighting with malnutrition. Peanut paste is a high viscous product retaining the strong aroma and flavor of the raw materials. The blending amount of soybean oil and varying temperature influences the physical, heat transfer characteristics, flow behavior and oil deterioration quality of the product while processing. This highly unique and conceptual findings on the thermo‐physical changes of peanut paste as a function of temperature and amount of soybean oil blending is boon for industry involved in the food and equipment manufactures.
Is LabTutor a helpful component of the blended learning approach to biosciences?
Authors: Swift Amelia , Efstathiou Nikolaos , Lameu Paula 
Published: April 2016

Aims and ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of LabTutor (a physiological data capture and e‐learning package) in bioscience education for student nurses.BackgroundKnowledge of biosciences is important for nurses the world over, who have to monitor and assess their patient's clinical condition, and interpret that information to determine the most appropriate course of action. Nursing students have long been known to find acquiring useable bioscience knowledge challenging. Blended learning strategies are common in bioscience teaching to address the difficulties students have. Student nurses have a preference for hands‐on learning, small group sessions and are helped by close juxtaposition of theory and practice.DesignAn evaluation of a new teaching method using in‐classroom voluntary questionnaire.MethodsA structured survey instrument including statements and visual analogue response format and open questions was given to students who participated in Labtutor sessions. The students provided feedback in about the equipment, the learning and the session itself.ResultsFirst year (n = 93) and third year (n = 36) students completed the evaluation forms. The majority of students were confident about the equipment and using it to learn although a few felt anxious about computer‐based learning. They all found the equipment helpful as part of their bioscience education and they all enjoyed the sessions.ConclusionThis equipment provides a helpful way to encourage guided independent learning through practice and discovery and because each session is case study based and the relationship of the data to the patient is made clear. Our students helped to evaluate our initial use of LabTutor and found the sessions enjoyable and helpful. LabTutor provides an effective learning tool as part of a blended learning strategy for biosciences teaching.Relevance to clinical practiceImproving bioscience knowledge will lead to a greater understanding of pathophysiology, treatments and interventions and monitoring.
Performance of manual hyperinflation: consistency and modification of the technique by intensive care unit nurses during physiotherapy
Authors: Dennis Diane M , Duncan Christine N , Pinder Mary , Budgeon Charley A , Jacob Wendy J 
Published: April 2016

Aims and objectivesTo assess the consistency and safety of manual hyperinflation delivery by nurses of variable clinical experience using a resuscitator bag during physiotherapy treatment.BackgroundManual hyperinflation involves the delivery of larger than normal gas volumes to intubated patients and is routinely used by nurses in collaboration with physiotherapists for the management of retained sputum. The aim is to deliver slow deep breaths with an inspiratory hold without unsafe airway pressures, lung volumes or haemodynamic changes. In addition, nursing staff should be able to ‘feel' differences in resistance and adjust their technique accordingly.DesignProspective observational study utilising the simulation of a mechanically ventilated patient.MethodsThirty‐three nurses delivered manual hyperinflation to a SimMan3G mannequin who had three distinct lung scenarios applied (normal; asthma; Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) in randomised order during simulated physiotherapy treatment. Respiratory rate, tidal volume (Vt), mean inspiratory flow rate (Vt/Ti), and peak airway pressure data were generated.ResultsOver all scenarios, mean respiratory rate = 12·3 breaths/minute, mean Vt = 638·6 mls, mean inflation time = 1·3 seconds and peak airway pressure exceeded 40 cm H2O in 41% of breaths, although only in 10% of breaths during the ‘normal' lung scenario.ConclusionsExperienced nurses were able to manually hyperinflate ‘normal' patients in a simulated setting safely. Despite their knowledge of barotrauma, unsafe airway pressures were delivered in some scenarios.Relevance to clinical practiceTraining with regard to safe airway pressures, breath hold and adequate volumes is recommended for all nurses undertaking the procedure. Nurses and physiotherapists must closely monitor the patient's condition during manual hyperinflation thereby recognising changes with regard to lung compliance and airway resistance, with nurses responding by altering their technique. The addition of a pressure manometer in the circuit may improve patient safety when performing manual hyperinflation.
Characterization of Functional furVs as a Biomarker for Detection of Aquatic Pathogen Vibrio splendidus
Authors: Weikang Liang , Shanshan Zhang , Weiwei Zhang , Chenghua Li , Qingxi Han 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVibrio splendidus is an important opportunistic pathogen that can infect a broad range of aquatic animals including Apostichopus japonicus, leading to skin ulceration syndrome. In this study, fur gene of V. splendidus (furVs), the gene encoding ferric uptake regulator (Fur) of V. splendidus, was cloned and characterized. furVs possessed the signature ammonia acids of Vibrio sp., and its mRNA level was regulated by iron and coelomic fluid of A. japonicus. While the amino acid sequence of the furVs showed high homology with the compared Fur proteins of other Vibrio sp., the nucleotide sequence of furVs differed greatly from that of the other fur genes from Vibrio sp., based on which a pair of specific primers VSFurRTF3 and VSFurRTR3, was designed. A distinct DNA band with a length of 223 bp can be amplified from V. splendidus with great specificity. The detection limits for V. splendidus in seawater, homogenized tissues of epidermis, muscles, and coelomic fluid from A. japonicus, was 1 × 102, 1 × 105, 1 × 103, and 1 × 102 CFU/mL, respectively. Moreover, the detection limit was as low as 8 × 10−3 pg/μL when using DNA of V. splendidus as a template. Our results provide a simple and rapid polymerase chain reaction method for the sensitive and specific detection of V. splendidus.
Effects of Culture Area, Stocking Density, and Shrimp and Fish Polyculture on the Cost Efficiency of Hard Clam, Meretrix meretrix, Culture: A Case Study of Hard Clam Farms in Yunlin, Taiwan
Authors: Huang Jung‐Fu , Chou Ming‐Tao , Lee Jie‐Min , Cheng Yung‐Hsin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUsing the hard clam farms in Yunlin, Taiwan as examples, this study analyzes the effects of culture area, stocking density, and shrimp and fish polyculture on the cost efficiency (CE) of hard clam farming. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the farms' technical efficiency (TE), allocative efficiency (AE), and CE values. The findings show that the mean TE, AE, and CE values of hard clam farms are 0.74, 0.57, and 0.43, respectively. The TE value is higher than the AE value, which indicates that cost inefficiency is mainly attributable to poor AE. Tobit regression results suggest that there are positive relationships between CE and both culture area and operator experience. Hard clam stocking density and age of the operators have negative effects on CE. Hard clam culture areas larger than 2 ha and a stocking density of 1.1–1.2 million hard clams per hectare have higher CEs than smaller culture areas and smaller or larger stocking densities. The use of sand shrimp, white shrimp, kuruma shrimp, and grass shrimp for polyculture and the use of milkfish and silver sea bream for polyculture are both associated with high CEs.
The effect of close approaches for tagging activities by small research vessels on the behavior of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Authors: Williamson Michael J. , Kavanagh Ailbhe S. , Noad Michael J. , Kniest Eric , Dunlop Rebecca A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSmall research vessels are often used as platforms for tagging activities to collect behavioral data on cetaceans and they have the potential to disturb that group or individual. If this disturbance is ignored, results and conclusions produced by that study could be inaccurate. Here land‐based behavioral data of migrating humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) (n= 29) were used to determine the effect of close approaches for tagging by research vessels on their diving, movement and surface behaviors. Groups of whales were tagged, using digital recording tags, by small research vessels, as part of a behavioral response study. In groups that were approached for tagging, temporary changes in movement behaviors during close approaches were found, with subsequent recovery to “pre‐approach” levels. In female‐calf groups more long‐term changes in travel speed were found. Results suggest that, although close approaches for tagging by small vessels may cause behavioral changes in humpback whales, this change may be small and temporary. However, in female‐calf groups, the behavioral change may be greater and longer lasting. This study shows that when using small vessels for behavioral research, disturbance, and recovery should be measured to ensure integrity of data used for other analyses.