bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rhetorical Education of William Jennings Bryan: Isocrates, Character, and Imitation
Authors: Oldenburg Christopher J. , Enz Adam E. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn the late American nineteenth century, oratory was de rigueur. Institutionally, liberal arts colleges sought to distinguish themselves by teaching moral character. Such an ethotic education was sine qua non for any student of political oratory. This essay argues that such an emphasis on character and oratory, coupled with Illinois College’s rhetorical curriculum and extracurricular events, afforded a kairotic and didactic moment for William Jennings Bryan to learn and practice Isocrates’ brand of rhetorical paideia. Taught primarily through the use of paradigm cases and imitation, Isocrates emphasized the import of a speaker’s ethos over the art itself. Bryan shared this perspective. Drawing from both “Against the Sophists” and “Antidosis,” we conduct a comparative analysis by reading Isocrates’ ethotic-based rhetorical theory alongside of Bryan’s 1881 graduating oration entitled “Character.”
Enargeia, Persuasion, and the Vividness Effect in Athenian Forensic Oratory
Authors: O’Connell Peter A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis essay argues that enargeia, the “vivid” quality of language that encourages listeners or readers to develop mental images, was an integral element of rhetorical strategy in the courts of Classical Athens. It relies on ancient evidence and modern comparanda. Ancient rhetorical theorists demonstrate how enargeia would have contributed to a sense of presence and simulated in Athenian jurors an experience similar to that of actual eyewitnesses. Modern lawyers and authors of trial handbooks advise litigators to appeal to their jurors’ imaginations with language that recalls ancient descriptions of enargeia and the related concept phantasia, “imagination.” The results of modern psychology research into the “vividness effect,” especially the distinction between figural and ground vividness, show how enargeia may have increased the likelihood of Athenian jurors accepting an argument. Lysias deploys ground vividness in On the Death of Eratosthenes (1) to draw his jurors’ attention away from the question of entrapment and figural vividness in Against Eratosthenes (12) to focus their attention on the crimes of the Thirty Tyrants. Finally, Aeschines’ description of the Thebans’ sufferings in Against Ctesiphon (3) may have harmed his case by emphasizing a weak point through misplaced figural vividness.
On the Matlis duals of local cohomology modules
Authors: Lyubeznik Gennady , Yıldırım Tuğba 
Published: December 2017

Let

(
R
,

m

)

(R,\mathfrak {m})

be a Noetherian regular local ring of characteristic

p
>
0

p>0

and let

I
I

be a nonzero ideal of

R
R

. Let

D
(
−
)
=

Hom
R

⁡
(
−
,
E
)

D(-)= \operatorname {Hom}_R(-, E)

be the Matlis dual functor, where

E
=

E
R

(
R

/

m

)

E = E_R(R/{\mathfrak {m}})

is the injective hull of the residue field

R

/

m

R/{\mathfrak {m}}

. In this short note, we prove that if

H

I
i

(
R
)
≠
0

{H}^i_I(R)\neq 0

, then

Supp
R

⁡
(
D
(

H

I

i

(
R
)
)
)
=
Spec
⁡
(
R
)

\operatorname {Supp}_R(D({H}^i_{I}(R)))=\operatorname {Spec}(R)

.
Spironolactone and Resistant Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Rossignol Patrick , Claggett Brian Lee , Liu Jiankang , Vardeny Orly , Pitt Bertram , Zannad Faiez , Solomon Scott 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Recent evidence suggests that the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone should be the preferred fourth-line antihypertensive treatment in resistant hypertension (RHTN). Whether spironolactone improves blood pressure (BP) control in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and RHTN is unknown.

METHODS
We identified patients with RHTN, defined as baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 140 and 160 mm Hg on 3 or more medications, in the Americas cohort of the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist trial, in which patients with HFpEF were randomized to spironolactone vs. placebo. We evaluated the effects of spironolactone vs. placebo on BP reduction in this group and related this to the primary composite outcome of death from cardiovascular causes, aborted cardiac arrest, or hospitalization for heart failure.

RESULTS
We identified 403 participants in the Americas with RHTN. Compared to people without RHTN, those with RHTN were more frequently women, non-White, diabetics, with a higher left ventricular ejection fraction and body mass index, and a lower hemoglobin concentration. In the RHTN group, spironolactone resulted in a decrease of SBP: −6.1 (−8.9, −3.3); P &lt; 0.001 and diastolic BP: −2.9 (−4.6, −1.2); P = 0.001 mm Hg during the first 8 months. BP became controlled after 4 weeks in 63% of patients receiving spironolactone vs. 46% receiving placebo (P = 0.003), with similar responses at 8 weeks, 4 and 8 months. Patients with RHTN derived similar overall benefit from spironolactone on the primary outcomes as those without.

CONCLUSIONS
In HFpEF patients with RHTN, spironolactone lowered BP substantially and was associated with similar benefit as those without RHTN.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
Trial Number NCT00094302 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
Patterns, Constructions, and Local Grammar: A Case Study of ‘Evaluation’
Authors: Hunston Susan , Su Hang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article takes as its starting point the analysis of adjective complementation patterns and sets this in the context of other studies of phraseology, especially Construction Grammar. The article proposes that a large number of meaning–pattern combinations can be identified as constructions. This endeavour assists and is assisted by the derivation of a local grammar of evaluation. The grammar is made explicit in 22 ‘Analyses’, grouped into five main categories. It includes discussion around the process of mapping meaning on to pattern, the consideration of borderline cases, and the debate around naming of elements. This contributes to a comparison of different approaches to phraseology, and in particular to the place of Construction Grammar in relation to more output-oriented approaches. Suggestions for the application of this approach to language teaching are offered.
funRiceGenes dataset for comprehensive understanding and application of rice functional genes
Authors: Yao Wen , Li Guangwei , Yu Yiming , Ouyang Yidan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
As a main staple food, rice is also a model plant for functional genomic studies of monocots. Decoding of every DNA element of the rice genome is essential for genetic improvement to address increasing food demands. The past 15 years have witnessed extraordinary advances in rice functional genomics. Systematic characterization and proper deposition of every rice gene are vital for both functional studies and crop genetic improvement.

Findings
We built a comprehensive and accurate dataset of ~2800 functionally characterized rice genes and ~5000 members of different gene families by integrating data from available databases and reviewing every publication on rice functional genomic studies. The dataset accounts for 19.2% of the 39 045 annotated protein-coding rice genes, which provides the most exhaustive archive for investigating the functions of rice genes. We also constructed 214 gene interaction networks based on 1841 connections between 1310 genes. The largest network with 762 genes indicated that pleiotropic genes linked different biological pathways. Increasing degree of conservation of the flowering pathway was observed among more closely related plants, implying substantial value of rice genes for future dissection of flowering regulation in other crops. All data are deposited in the funRiceGenes database (https://funricegenes.github.io/). Functionality for advanced search and continuous updating of the database are provided by a Shiny application (http://funricegenes.ncpgr.cn/).

Conclusions
The funRiceGenes dataset would enable further exploring of the crosslink between gene functions and natural variations in rice, which can also facilitate breeding design to improve target agronomic traits of rice.
Jumps and Motivic Invariants of Semiabelian Jacobians
Authors: Overkamp Otto 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe investigate Néron models of Jacobians of singular curves over strictly Henselian discretely valued fields and their behavior under tame base change. For a semiabelian variety, this behavior is governed by a finite sequence of (a priori) real numbers between 0 and 1, called jumps. The jumps are conjectured to be rational, which is known in some cases. The purpose of this paper is to prove this conjecture in the case where the semiabelian variety is the Jacobian of a geometrically integral curve with a push-out singularity. Along the way, we prove the conjecture for algebraic tori which are induced along finite separable extensions and generalize Raynaud’s description of the identity component of the Néron model of the Jacobian of a smooth curve (in terms of the Picard functor of a proper, flat, and regular model) to our situation. The main technical result of this paper is that the exact sequence that decomposes the Jacobian of one of our singular curves into its toric and Abelian parts extends to an exact sequence of Néron models. Previously, only split semiabelian varieties were known to have this property.
Foley Plus Oxytocin Compared With Oxytocin for Induction After Membrane Rupture
Authors: Mackeen A. Dhanya , Durie Danielle E. , Lin Monique , Huls Christopher K. , Qureshey Emma , Paglia Michael J. , Sun Haiyan , Sciscione Anthony 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the use of a transcervical Foley catheter plus oxytocin infusion compared with oxytocin infusion alone for labor induction and cervical ripening in women 34 weeks of gestation or greater with prelabor rupture of membranes.

METHODS:
This is a randomized, multicenter trial of women with a live, singleton gestation at 34 weeks of gestation or greater with prelabor rupture of membranes, an unfavorable cervical examination (less than 2 cm or 80% effaced), and no contraindication to labor. Participants were randomly allocated to a transcervical Foley catheter inflated to 30 cc with concurrent oxytocin infusion or oxytocin infusion alone. Oxytocin administration was standardized across sites. The primary study outcome was interval from induction to delivery. To detect a 2.5-hour difference in the interval from induction to delivery, we required outcome data on 194 women, assuming 80% power and a two-tailed α of 5%. Analysis was by intent to treat.

RESULTS:
We enrolled 201 women: 93 were allocated to Foley and 108 to oxytocin. Demographics were similar between the groups. Time to delivery was not significantly different between groups: in the Foley group, it was 13.9 hours (±6.9 SD) compared with 14.4 hours (±7.9 SD) in the oxytocin group (P=.69). There were more cases of clinical chorioamnionitis (8% compared with 0%, P<.01) in the Foley group compared with the oxytocin group. There were no differences for other infectious morbidities or any other variable studied.

CONCLUSION:
In patients with prelabor rupture of membranes, the use of a transcervical Foley catheter in addition to oxytocin does not shorten the time to delivery compared with oxytocin alone, but may increase the incidence of intraamniotic infection.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01973036.
Preeclampsia and Long-term Renal Function in Women Who Underwent Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Vannevel Valerie , Claes Kathleen , Baud David , Vial Yvan , Golshayan Delaviz , Yoon Eugene W. , Hodges Ryan , Le Nepveu Anne , Kerr Peter G. , Kennedy Claire , Higgins Mary , Resch Elisabeth , Klaritsch Philipp , Van Mieghem Tim 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:
Preeclampsia often complicates pregnancies after maternal kidney transplantation. We aimed to assess whether preeclampsia is associated with kidney function decline either during the pregnancy or in the long term.

METHODS:
We performed an international multicenter retrospective cohort study. Renal function at conception, pregnancy outcomes, and short- and long-term graft outcomes were collected for women who were pregnant after renal transplantation and had transplant and obstetric care at the participating centers. In women who had multiple pregnancies during the study period, only the last pregnancy was included. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed.

RESULTS:
We retrieved pregnancy outcomes and long-term renal outcomes for 52 women. Chronic hypertension was present at baseline in 27%. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at start of pregnancy was 52.4±17.5 mL/min/1.73 m2. Mean estimated GFR at delivery was 47.6±21.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, which was significantly lower than at conception (P=.03). Twenty women (38%) developed preeclampsia. In multivariable analysis, women who developed preeclampsia had a 10.7-mL/min/1.73 m2 higher drop in estimated GFR between conception and delivery than women who did not develop preeclampsia (P=.02). Long-term estimated GFR follow-up was obtained at a median of 5.8 years (range 1.3–27.5 years). Mean estimated GFR at last follow-up was 38±23 mL/kg/1.73 m2. Seventeen women (33%) experienced graft loss over the follow-up period. Incidence of graft loss was similar in women with and without preeclampsia in their last pregnancy (30% and 34%, respectively; P=.99). In multivariable analysis, the decrease in estimated GFR between conception and last follow-up was similar in women who experienced preeclampsia during pregnancy and those who did not (difference −2.69 mL/min/1.73 m2, P=.65).

CONCLUSION:
Preeclampsia commonly complicates pregnancies after renal transplantation but is not associated with long-term renal dysfunction or graft loss.
Opioid Knowledge and Prescribing Practices Among Obstetrician–Gynecologists
Authors: Madsen Annetta M. , Stark Lauren M. , Has Phinnara , Emerson Jenna B. , Schulkin Jay , Matteson Kristen A. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To describe obstetrician–gynecologists' (ob-gyns) knowledge and prescribing practices regarding opioid analgesics.

METHODS:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a national sample of American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Fellows and Junior Fellows who are part of the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network. We used a sequential mixed-method approach. We collected data on opioid knowledge and typical prescribing practices, including number, type, and indication for prescriptions. We determined adherence to four recommended practices: 1) screening for dependence, 2) prescribing the smallest amount required, 3) tailoring prescriptions, and 4) counseling on proper disposal. We also explored variables associated with prescribing practices.

RESULTS:
Sixty percent (179/300) of sampled members responded. Respondents reported prescribing a median of 26 (5–80) pills per patient across all indications combined. Ninety-eight percent prescribed opioids after surgery and a smaller proportion for nonsurgical indications: vaginal birth (22%), ovarian cysts (30%), endometriosis (24%), and chronic pelvic pain of unknown cause (18%). The number prescribed varied only by indication for the prescription. Nineteen percent reported adherence to three or more (of four) recommended practices. There was no significant difference in the median number of pills prescribed between those who reported adherence to at least one compared with those who did not adhere to any recommended practices (25 [interquartile range 25–30] vs 28 [interquartile range 20–30], P=.58). Regarding knowledge, 81% incorrectly identified the main source of misused opioids, which is through diversion from a friend or family member, and 44% did not know how to properly dispose of unused prescription opioids.

CONCLUSION:
Obstetrician–gynecologists reported prescribing a median of 26 opioid pills across all indications combined. Amount prescribed varied widely by indication but not by reported adherence to recommended prescribing practices. This study highlights an urgent need for increased efforts to improve ob-gyns' knowledge of opioid use, misuse, disposal, and best prescribing practices.
Urinary Tract Injury in Gynecologic Laparoscopy for Benign Indication
Authors: Wong Jacqueline M. K. , Bortoletto Pietro , Tolentino Jocelyn , Jung Michael J. , Milad Magdy P. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:To perform a comprehensive literature review of the incidence, location, etiology, timing, management, and long-term sequelae of urinary tract injury in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indication.DATA SOURCES:A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted.METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:Four hundred thirty-three studies were screened for inclusion with 136 full-text articles reviewed. Ninety studies published between 1975 and 2015 met inclusion criteria, representing 140,444 surgeries. Articles reporting the incidence of urinary tract injury in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indication were included. Exclusion criteria comprised malignancy, surgery by urogynecologists, research not in English, and insufficient data.TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:A total of 458 lower urinary tract injuries were reported with an incidence of 0.33% (95% CI 0.30–0.36). Bladder injury (0.24%, 95% CI 0.22–0.27) was overall three times more frequent than ureteral injury (0.08%, 95% CI 0.07–0.10). Laparoscopic hysterectomy not otherwise specified (1.8%, 95% CI 1.2–2.6) and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (1.0%, 95% CI 0.9–1.2) had the highest rates of injury. Most ureteral injuries resulted from electrosurgery (33.3%, 95% CI 24.3–45.8), whereas most bladder injuries resulted from lysis of adhesions (23.3%, 95% CI 18.7–29.0). Ureteral injuries were most often recognized postoperatively (60%, 95% CI 47–76) and were repaired by open ureteral anastomosis (47.4%, 95% CI 36.3–61.9). In contrast, bladder injuries were most often recognized intraoperatively (85%, 95% CI 75–95) and were repaired by laparoscopic suturing (34.9%, 95% CI 29.2–41.7).CONCLUSION:The incidence of lower urinary tract injury in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indication remains low at 0.33%. Bladder injury was three times more common than ureteral injury, although ureteral injuries were more often unrecognized intraoperatively and underwent open surgical repair. These risk estimates can assist gynecologic surgeons in effectively counseling their patients preoperatively concerning the risks of lower urinary tract injury.
Two-Year Results of Burch Compared With Midurethral Sling With Sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Trabuco Emanuel C. , Linder Brian J. , Klingele Christopher J. , Blandon Roberta E. , Occhino John A. , Weaver Amy L. , McGree Michaela E. , Gebhart John B. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate 1- and 2-year urinary continence rates after Burch retropubic urethropexy compared with a retropubic midurethral sling for women with urinary incontinence undergoing sacrocolpopexy.

METHODS:
We conducted a planned secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized, single-blind trial comparing Burch with a sling that enrolled participants from June 2009 to August 2013. Objective outcome measures of continence were assessed at 1- and 2-year follow-up through office visits and validated questionnaires. Overall continence was defined as a negative stress test, no retreatment for stress incontinence, and no self-reported urinary incontinence (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire, Short Form, score, 0). Stress-specific continence was defined as fulfillment of the first two criteria and no self-reported stress-related incontinence. Primary outcomes were assessed with intention-to-treat and within-protocol analyses. Comparisons between groups were evaluated using χ2 or Fisher exact test.

RESULTS:
The two groups were similar in all measured baseline features. Outcome assessments at 2 years were available for 48 of 57 patients (84%) in the sling group and 45 of 56 patients (80%) in the Burch group. With intention-to-treat analysis, the sling group had significantly higher rates of overall continence than the Burch group (49% [28/57] vs 29% [16/56]; 95% CI for absolute risk difference 3.0–38.1; P=.03) at 1- but not 2-year follow-up (47% [27/57] vs 32% [18/56]; 95% CI for absolute risk difference −2.6 to 33.1; P=.10). The sling group had significantly higher rates of stress-specific continence than the Burch group at 1-year (70% [40/57] vs 46% [26/56]; 95% CI for absolute risk difference 6.1–41.4; P=.01) and 2-year (70% [40/57] vs 45% [25/56]; 95% CI for absolute risk difference 7.9–43.2; P=.006) follow-up. No difference was detected in prolapse recurrence, voiding dysfunction, antimuscarinic medication use, urgency incontinence, or patient satisfaction.

CONCLUSION:
Among women with baseline urinary incontinence undergoing sacrocolpopexy, the retropubic midurethral sling resulted in higher stress-specific continence rates than Burch retropubic urethropexy at 1- and 2-year follow-up.
Long-term Trends in Singleton Preterm Birth in South Australia From 1986 to 2014
Authors: Verburg Petra E. , Dekker Gus A. , Venugopal Kamalesh , Scheil Wendy , Erwich Jan Jaap H. M. , Mol Ben W. , Roberts Claire T. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To describe long-term trends in the prevalence of preterm birth and rates of preterm birth in singleton pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, small for gestational age (SGA), and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) in South Australia.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective population study including all singleton live births in the state of South Australia from 1986 to 2014. Long-term trends for preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, SGA, preterm PROM as well as stillbirth were assessed using joinpoint regression analyses. Trends in maternal age, body mass index (BMI), ethnic diversity, parity, and smoking over time were also assessed.

RESULTS:
From 1986 to 2014, with a total of 539,234 singleton births, the overall preterm birth rates increased from 5.1% to 7.1% (P<.001) and for iatrogenic preterm birth increased from 1.6% to 3.2% (P<.001). The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy decreased from 8.7% to 7.2%. Among pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, the proportion of preterm birth increased (10.4–17.5%, P<.001). The incidence of SGA decreased from 11.1% to 8.0%. Among pregnancies complicated by SGA, the proportion of preterm birth increased (2.9–5.4%, P<.001). The incidence of preterm PROM increased from 1.4% to 2.2%. Among pregnancies complicated by preterm PROM, the proportion of preterm birth remained stable. Preterm stillbirth rates declined (4.23–2.32%, P<.001). Maternal age, BMI, and ethnic diversity have all increased since 1986, whereas maternal smoking has decreased.

CONCLUSION:
In South Australia, the preterm birth rate among singletons increased from 1986 to 2014 by 40%, with iatrogenic preterm birth being responsible for 80% of this increase. Incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and SGA declined. Among pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and SGA, the proportions of preterm birth increased, indicating earlier interventions in these women. The diagnosis of preterm PROM increased from 1% to 2%, and greater than 80% of preterm PROM was associated with preterm birth after 1990. Increasing iatrogenic delivery may be attributable, in part, to changing maternal phenotype and to altered clinicians' behavior. However, improvements in fetal surveillance, particularly ultrasonography, and advanced neonatal care may underpin perinatal clinical decision-making and the likelihood of iatrogenic birth.