bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The University of Texas 7.6-m Telescope
Authors: Tull Robert G. 
Published: July 2016

In late 1979 a plan to build a very large telescope was presented to University of Texas President Peter Flawn. A small startup budget was subsequently granted by the University administration, and we asked Aden and Marjorie Meinel to carry out a design concept study, which they completed in early 1980. Following their report, a study contract was awarded to the Western Development Laboratories Division of Ford Aerospace & Communications Corp., for a preliminary design and cost estimate.It is generally agreed that construction of monolithic mirrors up to 8-10 meters aperture is within current technology. The major concern that has prevented construction of telescopes larger than the Palomar 5-m telescope outside the Soviet Union has been cost; it has been shown (Meinel and Meinel, 1980a) that the single most important item in determining the cost of a large telescope is the weight of its primary mirror. We chose a monolithic, lightweight 7.6-m (300-inch) mirror as representing a significant advance from presently existing telescope apertures while also being well within the current state-of-the-art. Because a lightweight mirror cannot support its figure against gravity and other disturbances as well as can a conventional thick mirror, we have investigated methods of active control of the mirror's figure. The now maturing technology of adaptive optics (Hardy 1980, 1981, 1982) has been drawn upon extensively in planning this telescope. Results of finite element analyses of an ultra-lightweight monolithic 7.6-m mirror blank have been published (Ray et.al., 1982, 1983). A description of the proposed mirror figure monitoring system has been given (Tull and Young, 1983).
The Double-Mode Cepheids
Authors: Balona L. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent observations of double-mode Cepheids and proposed candidates are reviewed. It appears that the change of modal content reported in some stars may not be real. Observations show that the double-mode Cepheids are indistinguishable from normal Cepheids of similar period. This poses a severe problem for pulsation theory which predicts very low masses from the ratio of first overtone to fundamental period. Attempts to resolve this problem and the problem of modal selection are discussed.
Infrared Observations of Galactic Cepheids
Authors: Fernley J. A. , Jameson R. F. , Sherrington M. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInfrared photometry enables radii, and hence absolute magnitudes, to be derived more accurately than is possible using purely optical photometry. In this paper we present BVJHK observations of the galactic cepheids T Vul, U Vul and T Mon. Using this data we find reasonable agreement with current versions of the Period-Luminosity relations, in both the optical and infrared.From these relations and existing optical and infrared data for LMC Cepheids we find for the LMC (i) Av = 0.35 and (ii) a distance modulus of 18.50. In addition we show that the P-L-C relation has the form<Mv> = – 3.10 log P + 1.70 (<B>–<V>) – 2.37
Duplicity, Mass Loss and the Cepheid Mass Anomaly
Authors: Burki G. 
Published: July 2016

The rate of binaries among cepheid stars is 25 - 35% (Burki, 1984a), a value which is in agreement with the rate among F-M supergiants (31-38%) obtained by Burki and Mayor (1983) from a radial velocity survey.For binary cepheids, the Wesselink radius RW is affected by the light of the companion. Balona (1977) found that RW is too small if the companion is a blue main sequence star and too large if it is a red giant star. This effect has been quantitatively examined by Burki (1984a). For example, it was found that, in the case of a cepheid of period P = 32d with a companion fainter by 2 mag., RW is 70% of its correct value if we are dealing with a main sequence companion and 130% in the case of a companion redder by 0.6 in B-V. The bias on RW becomes negligible when the companion is fainter than the cepheid by more than 4 mag.
A Search For Cepheid Binaries Using the Call H And K Lines
Authors: Evans Nancy Remage 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA survey of 24 classical Cepheids has been made to search for blue companions using the Call H and K lines. It is shown that this technique can detect an early A companion for a typical Cepheid. A blue companion of SU Cas was discovered and upper limits for the companions for a number of previously suspected binaries were established.
Leavitt Variables: The Brightest Cepheids Variables and their Implications for the Distance Scale
Authors: Grieve Gerald R. , Madore Barry F. , Welch Douglas L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTwo low-amplitude variable supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud, S65-08 and S65-48 are each found to have periods of approximately 250 days. The cfptical data suggest that these stars are high-luminosity cepheid variables falling more than one magnitude brighter than any other known Cepheids in the LMC. Confirmation of the cepheid nature of these stars comes from their H-band magnitudes which place them accurately on a simple linear extrapolation of the narrower infrared Period-Luminosity relation. So it appears that the cepheid Period-Luminosity relation extends up to Mv ~ -8.5. To honour the astronomer who discovered the first of these highest-liminosity Cepheids, we have sub-classified the variables with log P > 1.8 as being “Leavitt variables”. As soon as these long-period variables are discovered in other external galaxies, reliable distances should be possible out to (m-M) ~30.
Hydrodynamic Models of Population II Cepheids
Authors: Fadeyev Yu.A. , Fokin A. B. 
Published: July 2016

This is a short report on hydrodynamic modelling for BL Her and W Vir pulsating variables. We present only a qualitative summary of the results obtained, whereas detailed paper will appear soon.We studied radial self-exciting stellar oscillations with convection ignored. The Massevitch I mixture (X=0.7, Z=0.004) was assumed for calculating the opacity coefficient. All models have a mass M=0.6Mʘ, but their absolute magnitudes are in the range from -0.5 to -3 mag. The study covers the period range from 1.3 to 20 days.
Two Mid-Giant Branch Stars in M15
Authors: Chu Y-H , Clement C. M. , Hogg H. Sawyer , Wells T. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHigh precision photographic photometry indicates that two stars lying on the giant branch in the C-M diagram of M15 are small amplitude (~0.2 mag) variables. The two stars are Kustner 64 and 152. This investigation is based on plates taken with three telescopes: the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory 1.8-metre reflector, the David Dunlap 1.9-metre reflector and the Yunnan 1-metre reflector in China. The existing data is not sufficient for period determination.
Physical Properties of Frozen Volatiles–Their Relevance to the Study of Comet Nuclei
Authors: Klinger J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe structural and thermodynamical properties of water ice and ice mixtures containing CO, CO2, CH4, and NH3 are thought to be important for the evolution of cometary nuclei. Based on recent laboratory studies performed by several groups, an overview is given of the properties of various ices condensed at low temperatures and of their evolution during heating up to a temperature of about 200 K, typical of the perihelion temperature of a comet such as P/Halley. It is shown that the porous surface of amorphous water ice plays an important role in the retention of other volatiles. The kinetics of formation and of decomposition of clathrate hydrates are discussed. The molecular hydrates formed by NH3 are briefly presented, and the possibility of their occurrence in comet nuclei is discussed. With special attention drawn to amorphous ices and clathrate hydrates, a qualitative discussion of the influence of the physical properties of various types of ices on the thermal behavior of comet nuclei and on gas production rates of comets is presented.
Granzyme M has a critical role in providing innate immune protection in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F , Krasnova Y , Putoczki T , Miles K , MacDonald K P , Town L , Shi W , Gobe G C , McDade L , Mielke L A , Tye H , Masters S L , Belz G T , Huntington N D , Radford-Smith G , Smyth M J 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immunoregulatory disorder, associated with a chronic and inappropriate mucosal immune response to commensal bacteria, underlying disease states such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans. Granzyme M (GrzM) is a serine protease expressed by cytotoxic lymphocytes, in particular natural killer (NK) cells. Granzymes are thought to be involved in triggering cell death in eukaryotic target cells; however, some evidence supports their role in inflammation. The role of GrzM in the innate immune response to mucosal inflammation has never been examined. Here, we discover that patients with UC, unlike patients with CD, display high levels of GrzM mRNA expression in the inflamed colon. By taking advantage of well-established models of experimental UC, we revealed that GrzM-deficient mice have greater levels of inflammatory indicators during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD, including increased weight loss, greater colon length reduction and more severe intestinal histopathology. The absence of GrzM expression also had effects on gut permeability, tissue cytokine/chemokine dynamics, and neutrophil infiltration during disease. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that GrzM has a critical role during early stages of inflammation in UC, and that in its absence colonic inflammation is enhanced.
Quantum coherent tractor beam effect for atoms trapped near a nanowaveguide
Authors: Sadgrove Mark , Wimberger Sandro , Nic Chormaic Síle 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe propose several schemes to realize a tractor beam effect for ultracold atoms in the vicinity of a few-mode nanowaveguide. Atoms trapped near the waveguide are transported in a direction opposite to the guided mode propagation direction. We analyse three specific examples for ultracold 23Na atoms trapped near a specific nanowaveguide (i.e. an optical nanofibre): (i) a conveyor belt-type tractor beam effect, (ii) an accelerator tractor beam effect and (iii) a quantum coherent tractor beam effect, all of which can effectively pull atoms along the nanofibre toward the light source. This technique provides a new tool for controlling the motion of particles near nanowaveguides with potential applications in the study of particle transport and binding as well as atom interferometry.
Cable energy function of cortical axons
Authors: Ju Huiwen , Hines Michael L. , Yu Yuguo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAccurate estimation of action potential (AP)-related metabolic cost is essential for understanding energetic constraints on brain connections and signaling processes. Most previous energy estimates of the AP were obtained using the Na+-counting method, which seriously limits accurate assessment of metabolic cost of ionic currents that underlie AP conduction along the axon. Here, we first derive a full cable energy function for cortical axons based on classic Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neuronal equations and then apply the cable energy function to precisely estimate the energy consumption of AP conduction along axons with different geometric shapes. Our analytical approach predicts an inhomogeneous distribution of metabolic cost along an axon with either uniformly or nonuniformly distributed ion channels. The results show that the Na+-counting method severely underestimates energy cost in the cable model by 20–70%. AP propagation along axons that differ in length may require over 15% more energy per unit of axon area than that required by a point model. However, actual energy cost can vary greatly depending on axonal branching complexity, ion channel density distributions and AP conduction states. We also infer that the metabolic rate (i.e. energy consumption rate) of cortical axonal branches as a function of spatial volume exhibits a 3/4 power law relationship.
The Large Scale Synthesis of Aligned Plate Nanostructures
Authors: Zhou Yang , Nash Philip , Liu Tian , Zhao Naiqin , Zhu Shengli 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe propose a novel technique for the large-scale synthesis of aligned-plate nanostructures that are self-assembled and self-supporting. The synthesis technique involves developing nanoscale two-phase microstructures through discontinuous precipitation followed by selective etching to remove one of the phases. The method may be applied to any alloy system in which the discontinuous precipitation transformation goes to completion. The resulting structure may have many applications in catalysis, filtering and thermal management depending on the phase selection and added functionality through chemical reaction with the retained phase. The synthesis technique is demonstrated using the discontinuous precipitation of a γ′ phase, (Ni, Co)3Al, followed by selective dissolution of the γ matrix phase. The production of the nanostructure requires heat treatments on the order of minutes and can be performed on a large scale making this synthesis technique of great economic potential.
Magnetic field effects in dye-sensitized solar cells controlled by different cell architecture
Authors: Klein M. , Pankiewicz R. , Zalas M. , Stampor W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe charge recombination and exciton dissociation are generally recognized as the basic electronic processes limiting the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. In this work, we propose a detailed mechanism of photocurrent generation in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) examined by magnetic field effect (MFE) technique. Here we demonstrate that the magnitude of the MFE on photocurrent in DSSCs can be controlled by the radius and spin coherence time of electron-hole (e-h) pairs which are experimentally modified by the photoanode morphology (TiO2 nanoparticles or nanotubes) and the electronic orbital structure of various dye molecules (ruthenium N719, dinuclear ruthenium B1 and fully organic squaraine SQ2 dyes). The observed MFE is attributed to magnetic-field-induced spin-mixing of (e-h) pairs according to the Δg mechanism.
How will Somali coastal upwelling evolve under future warming scenarios?
Authors: deCastro M. , Sousa M. C. , Santos F. , Dias J. M. , Gómez-Gesteira M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSomali upwelling system, the fifth in the world, presents some unique features compared with the other major upwelling systems: 1) it is a Western Boundary Upwelling System located near the Equator and 2) upwelling affects the moisture responsible for monsoon rainfall. The intensity of Somali coastal upwelling during summer was projected for the twenty first century by means of an ensemble of Global Climate Models and Regional Climate Models within the framework of CMIP5 and CORDEX projects, respectively. Regardless global or regional circulation models and the chosen greenhouse warming scenario, the strengthening of Somali coastal upwelling, which increases with latitude, is even higher than observed for the Eastern Boundary Upwelling System. In addition, coastal upwelling strengthening is mainly due to Ekman transport since Ekman pumping shows no clear trend for most of the latitudes. Projected land-sea air temperature and pressure show a clear intensification of land-sea thermal and pressure gradient as a consequence of the global warming, which is likely to affect the strengthening of Somali upwelling verifying the hypothesis of Bakun. As a consequence, projected sea surface temperature warming is less intense nearshore than at oceanic locations, especially at latitudes where upwelling strengthening is more intense.
NLRP3 inflammasome as a target of berberine in experimental murine liver injury: interference with P2X7 signalling
Authors: Vivoli Elisa , Cappon Andrea , Milani Stefano , Piombanti Benedetta , Provenzano Angela , Novo Erica , Masi Alessio , Navari Nadia , Narducci Roberto , Mannaioni Guido , Moneti Gloriano , Oliveira Claudia P. , Parola Maurizio , Marra Fabio 
Published: July 2016

Berberine (BRB) is commonly used in herbal medicine, but its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. In the present study, we tested BRB in steatohepatitis induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, in acute acetaminophen intoxication and in cultured murine macrophages. BRB markedly improved parameters of liver injury and necroinflammation induced by the MCD diet, although increased mortality was observed by mechanisms independent of bacterial infections or plasma levels of BRB. The MCD diet induced up-regulation of all components of the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome, and increased hepatic levels of mature IL-1β (interleukin 1β). All of these parameters were significantly reduced in mice treated with BRB. In mice administered an acetaminophen overdose, a model dependent on inflammasome activation, BRB reduced mortality and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) elevation, and limited the expression of inflammasome components. In vitro, LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW264.7 murine macrophages was markedly decreased by pre-incubation with BRB. BRB significantly limited the activation of the purinergic receptor P2X7, involved in the late phases of inflammasome activation. Upon P2X7 knockdown, the ability of BRB to block LPS-induced secretion of IL-1β was lost. These data indicate that administration of BRB ameliorates inflammation and injury in two unrelated murine models of liver damage. We demonstrate for the first time that BRB interferes with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in vivo and in vitro, through a mechanism based on interference with activation of P2X7, a purinergic receptor involved in inflammasome activation.
Ground topography effects on near-surface elastic full waveform inversion
Authors: Nuber André , Manukyan Edgar , Maurer Hansruedi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe effects of neglecting ground surface topography variations in elastic full waveform inversion are investigated using two classes of synthetic example. The models include various high-contrast velocity and density anomalies, as they are often observed in near-surface applications. The first type of example shows that failing to account for even small amplitude fluctuations in topography introduces velocity artefacts in the near-surface part of the tomogram as well as degrades significantly the spatial resolution of features at greater depths. The disturbances are particularly severe when the topographic fluctuations have wavelengths comparable to the minimum seismic wavelength. The second type of synthetic example considers long wavelength topography variations of various amplitudes. It is found that neglecting topography with an amplitude fluctuation greater than half the minimum seismic wavelength leads to appreciable inversion image artefacts. Therefore, the incorporation of surface topography, even if it appears minor, is essential for successful elastic full waveform inversion of land seismic data.
The Use of Ferritin to Identify Critically Ill Patients With Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis*
Authors: Grangé Steven , Buchonnet Gérard , Besnier Emmanuel , Artaud-Macari Elise , Beduneau Gaetan , Carpentier Dorothée , Dehay Julien , Girault Christophe , Marchalot Antoine , Guerrot Dominique , Tamion Fabienne 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
Thrombocytopenia is a common, multifactorial, finding in ICU. Hemophagocytosis is one of the main explanatory mechanisms, possibly integrated into hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome, of infectious origin in the majority of cases in ICU. The hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is probably underdiagnosed in the ICU, although it is associated with dramatic outcomes. The main objectives of this work were to identify the frequency of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and the main prognostic factors for mortality.

Design/Setting:
We conducted a retrospective observational study in all adult patients admitted with suspected or diagnosed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, between January 1, 2000, and August 22, 2012.

Patients:
A total of 106 patients (42%) had significant hemophagocytosis on bone marrow examination, performed for exploration of thrombocytopenia, bicytopenia, or pancytopenia.

Measurements and Main Results:
The median age was 56 (45–68) and the median Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2 was 55 (38–68). The main reason for ICU admission was hemodynamic instability (58%), predominantly related to sepsis (45% cases). The main precipitating factor found was a bacterial infection in 81 of 106 patients (76%), including 32 (30%) with Escherichia coli infection. Forty six of 106 patients (43%) died in the ICU. They were significantly older, had higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2, plasma lactate deshydrogenase bilirubin, and serum ferritin. The fibrinogen and the percentage of megakaryocytes were significantly lower in nonsurvivors when compared with survivors. In multivariate analysis, only serum ferritin significantly predicted death related to hemophagocytosis. A serum ferritin greater than 2,000 μg/L predicted death with a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 76%. A decreased percentage of megakaryocytes also predicted patient death in the ICU.

Conclusions:
Hemophagocytosis is common in thrombocytopenic patients with sepsis, frequently included in a postinfectious hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis setting. Our study reveals that ferritin could be a reliable prognostic marker in these patients, and hold particular interest in discussing a specific treatment for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Extensive Abdominal Wall Incisional Heterotopic Ossification Reconstructed with Component Separation and Strattice Inlay
Authors: Suleiman Nergis Nina , Sandberg Lars Johan Marcus 
Published: July 2016

Summary:
Symptomatic heterotopic ossification of abdominal surgical incisions is a rare occurrence. We present a 67-year-old man with severe discomfort caused by heterotopic ossification extending from the xiphoid to the umbilicus. The patient underwent an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair 3 years before our treatment. A 13 × 3.5 cm ossified lesion was excised. The resulting midline defect was closed using component separation and inlay Strattice. Tension-free midline adaptation of the recti muscles was achieved. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen 6 months after the surgery showed no recurrence or hernias. Heterotopic ossification in symptomatic patients has previously been treated with excision and primary closure. We believe that tension-free repair is important to prevent recurrence. Acellular dermal matrix may add to this effect and also compartmentalize the process.
Diced Cartilage Graft for Revision Rhinoplasty in a 64-year-old Cleft Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Susie , Hsiao Yen-Chang , Chang Chun-Shin , Chen Philip Kuo-Ting , Chen Jyh-Ping 
Published: July 2016

Summary:
Pure diced cartilage graft has been the technique of choice for revision rhinoplasty in cleft patients since 2003 at our center. This technique has several advantages over the traditional en bloc cartilage onlay graft including minimal risk of warping, its technical simplicity, and the ability to adjust the shape of the graft with manual massage for up to 3 weeks postoperatively. Calcification of the costal cartilage, however, poses a real concern for surgeons. In this case report, we are presenting a 64-year-old woman with a right unilateral complete cleft lip and palate deformity who presented to our clinic for secondary revision. Central-pattern rib calcification was encountered during the operation. Outcomes, details of the operation, and potential limitations of this technique are discussed in this case report.