bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin-mediated mitophagy protects against early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Cao Shenglong , Shrestha Sudeep , Li Jianru , Yu Xiaobo , Chen Jingyin , Yan Feng , Ying Guangyu , Gu Chi , Wang Lin , Chen Gao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in the early period following subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), resulting in inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is suppressed by autophagy, but the potential mechanism is unclear. In this study, we examined whether mitophagy was involved in the beneficial effect of melatonin and its relationship with NLRP3 inflammasome activation after SAH. In total, 130 adult-male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, SAH + vehicle group, SAH + melatonin group, and SAH + 3-methyladenine (3-MA) + melatonin group. Brain samples were used for brain water content analysis, ROS assay, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that melatonin treatment markedly increased the expression of both autophagy markers(LC3-II/LC3-I and Atg 5), and mitophagy markers(Parkin and PINK-1) following SAH induction. Additionally, melatonin treatment attenuated pathological changes in mitochondria and reduced ROS generation, which are closely related to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Consequently, melatonin-mediated upregulation of proteins associated with mitophagy inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels after SAH. Conversely, 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, reversed these beneficial effects of melatonin on mitophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome. These results suggest that mitophagy-associated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by melatonin is neuroprotective against early brain injury post-SAH in rats.
Smelting reduction and kinetics analysis of magnetic iron in copper slag using waste cooking oil
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Xubin , Wang Hua , Wei Yonggang , Hu Jianhang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo improve the recovery of copper, the viscosity of copper molten slag is decreased by the reduction of magnetic iron, which, in turn, accelerates the settling and separation of copper droplets from the slag. A new technology is proposed in which waste cooking oil is used as a reductant to reduce magnetic iron in the copper smelting slag and consequently reduce carbon emissions in the copper smelting process. A kinetic model of the reduction of magnetic iron in copper slag by waste cooking oil was built using experimental data, and the accuracy of the model was verified. The results indicated that the magnetic iron content in the copper slag decreased with increasing reduction time and an increase in temperature more efficiently reduced magnetic iron in the copper slag. The magnetic iron in the copper slag gradually transformed to fayalite, and the viscosity of the copper molten slag decreased as the magnetic iron content decreased during the reduction process. The reduction of magnetic iron in the copper molten slag using waste cooking oil was a first-order reaction, and the rate-limiting step was the mass transfer of Fe3O4 through the liquid boundary layer.
Therapeutic potential of an anti-HER2 single chain antibody–DM1 conjugates for the treatment of HER2-positive cancer
Authors: Zhang Hang , Wang Yuxi , Wu Yangping , Jiang Xiaohua , Tao Yiran , Yao Yuqin , Peng Yujia , Chen Xiangzheng , Fu Yuyin , Yu Lin , Wang Ruixue , Lai Qinhuai , Lai Weirong , Li Wenting , Kang Yuhuan , Yi Shuli , Lu Ying , Gou Lantu , Wu Min , Yang Jinliang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) take the advantage of monoclonal antibodies to selectively deliver highly potent cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells, which have become a powerful measure for cancer treatment in recent years. To develop a more effective therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancer, we explored a novel ADCs composed of anti-HER2 scFv–HSA fusion antibodies conjugates with a potent cytotoxic drug DM1. The resulting ADCs, T-SA1–DM1 and T-SA2–DM1 (drug-to-antibody ratio in the range of 3.2–3.5) displayed efficient inhibition in the growth of HER2-positive tumor cell lines and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration on SKBR-3 and SKOV3 cells were both at the nanomolar levels in vitro. In HER2-positive human ovarian cancer xenograft models, T-SA1–DM1 and T-SA2–DM1 also showed remarkable antitumor activity. Importantly, three out of six mice exhibited complete remission without regrowth in the high-dose group of T-SA1–DM1. On the basis of the analysis of luminescence imaging, anti-HER2 scFv–HSA fusion antibodies, especially T-SA1, showed strong and rapid tumor tissue penetrability and distribution compared with trastuzumab. Collectively, the novel type of ADCs is effective and selective targeting to HER2-positive cancer, and may be a promising antitumor drug candidate for further studies.
Tutorial: Speech Assessment for Multilingual Children Who Do Not Speak the Same Language(s) as the Speech-Language Pathologist
Authors: McLeod Sharynne , Verdon Sarah ,   The International Expert Panel on Multilingual Children's Speech Elise Baker Martin J. Ball Elaine Ballard Avivit Ben David B. May Bernhardt Daniel Bérubé Mirjam Blumenthal Caroline Bowen Françoise Brosseau-Lapré Ferenc Bunta Kathryn Crowe Madalena Cruz-Ferreira Barbara Davis Annette Fox-Boyer Christina Gildersleeve-Neumann Helen Grech Brian Goldstein Anne Hesketh Suzanne Hopf Minjung Kim Sari Kunnari Andrea MacLeod Jane McCormack Þóra (Thora) Másdóttir Glenda Mason Sarah Masso Sandra Neumann Martina Ozbič
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The aim of this tutorial is to support speech-language pathologists (SLPs) undertaking assessments of multilingual children with suspected speech sound disorders, particularly children who speak languages that are not shared with their SLP.

Method
The tutorial was written by the International Expert Panel on Multilingual Children's Speech, which comprises 46 researchers (SLPs, linguists, phoneticians, and speech scientists) who have worked in 43 countries and used 27 languages in professional practice. Seventeen panel members met for a 1-day workshop to identify key points for inclusion in the tutorial, 26 panel members contributed to writing this tutorial, and 34 members contributed to revising this tutorial online (some members contributed to more than 1 task).

Results
This tutorial draws on international research evidence and professional expertise to provide a comprehensive overview of working with multilingual children with suspected speech sound disorders. This overview addresses referral, case history, assessment, analysis, diagnosis, and goal setting and the SLP's cultural competence and preparation for working with interpreters and multicultural support workers and dealing with organizational and government barriers to and facilitators of culturally competent practice.

Conclusion
The issues raised in this tutorial are applied in a hypothetical case study of an English-speaking SLP's assessment of a multilingual Cantonese- and English-speaking 4-year-old boy. Resources are listed throughout the tutorial.
Dual‐band antenna with comb radiators for WLAN applications using SISL technology
Authors: Yan Ningning , Ma Kaixue , Zhang Haobin , He Yun 
Published: May 2017

A novel dual‐band directional antenna with comb radiators using substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) technology is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The proposed SISL antenna is designed to be self‐packaged using five substrate layers with embedded air cavities. H‐shape strip and rectangle slot are used to achieve the band from 2.43 to 2.54 GHz with gain of 2.2 dBi. Via is utilised to connect the antenna patch with feeding line, then the second band from 5.33 to 6.22 GHz with gain of 10.1 dBi is obtained. Additionally, the cross‐polarisation levels less than −15 dB and front‐to‐back ratio larger than 15 dB are achieved.
Blake's Pouch Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Verma Saurabh , Sridhar M. , Shashivadhanan S. , Garg Manish 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is a rare and underdiagnosed entity. The adagium “one only sees what one knows” is certainly true in cases of Blake's pouch cyst, as all types of posterior fossa cysts and cyst-like malformations may present nearly identical on initial imaging studies. Only one case of Blake's pouch cyst has been reported from this country, except for a case in utero, in which a diagnosis of Blake's pouch cyst was made on prenatal ultrasound and later confirmed by MRI. In this report we describe a case of Blake's pouch cyst in a 9-month-old male child along with the principles of diagnosis of Blake's pouch cyst, in combination with literature review. Differentiating Blake's pouch cyst from other posterior fossa cysts and cyst-like malformations and recognizing the accompanying hydrocephalus that are essentially noncommunicating have important implications not only on clinical management but also on genetic counseling, which is unnecessary in case of Blake's pouch cyst.
Does Functionality Cease after Acquired Brain Injury? Vignettes from a Neuropsychosocial Perspective
Authors: Chopra Sakshi , Sinha Sumit , Gupta Deepak , Satyarthee Guru , Agrawal Deepak , Kaloiya Gaurishanker , Sagar Rajesh , Tripathi Manjari , Nehra Ashima 
Published: May 2017

Background The outcome of acquired brain injury (ABI) depends largely on the nature and severity of injury, appropriate treatment, and rehabilitation that plays a vital role in recovery.
Materials and Methods A total of 18 patients after ABI, aged 18 to 50 years, were assessed pre- and post-neuropsychological rehabilitation (NR) on various psychosocial functions. The patient-specific NR included an eclectic approach using cognitive retraining for memory, attention and concentration, executive functioning, perceptuomotor speed, motor dexterity, basic functional skill training, cognitive behavior therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, relearning, relaxation therapy, assertiveness training, anger management, and vocational and individual counseling following a neuropsychosocial perspective.
Results The post-rehabilitation assessment revealed improvements of statistical and clinical significance in the score of on dysfunction analysis (t = 7.10) that was significant at 0.001 level. Significant improvements were found in each of the areas: social, vocational, personal, family, and cognitive as compared with pre-rehabilitation as described by the patient.
Discussion and Conclusion Eclectic approach to NR was successful in decreasing the overall dysfunction of the patients despite the severity of injury or the time elapsed after injury. Several therapeutic approaches have been used to assist individuals after brain injury, but more outcome studies are still needed to dictate which therapy works best, or if using an eclectic therapy is the key. The challenge is to make the therapy as person centered and individualistic as possible, depending on the individual needs as there is no “gold standard” for treatment for various issues arising following brain injury.
Single-Step Step Ladder Expansive Cranioplasty
Authors: Sengupta S. 
Published: May 2017

Background Recently, a concept of an “expansive cranioplasty” was forwarded as a feasible single-step alternative to performing a decompressive hemicraniectomy followed by cranioplasty at a later date.
Materials and Methods Procedure of single-step step ladder expansive cranioplasty following craniotomy with removal of subdural hematoma (SDH) was done in a case of acute SDH at our center. The author presents the clinical presentation, operative steps, pre- and postoperative neuroimagings, and outcome of the case.
Results Postoperative NCCT of the head film showed an increase in biparietal diameter by 10 mm. Measured from the craniectomy margin, the distance of the inner table of the bone was 2.81 mm. Preoperative midline shift of 10.2 mm reduced to 7.9 mm, whereas the GCS improved from E1VTM3 to E2VTM5 in the immediate postoperative period. On his review at the end of 3 months, the patient had no surgery-related complication.
Conclusion “Step ladder expansive cranioplasty” has a promise and deserves a trial in more number of cases. If proven acceptable, it can be especially useful for patients for whom coming back for a second surgery may not be all that easy.
Phylogenetic Variation of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in Populations of Green Turtles Chelonia mydas along the Queensland Coast, Australia
Authors: Ariel E. , Nainu F. , Jones K. , Juntunen K. , Bell I. , Gaston J. , Scott J. , Trocini S. , Burgess G. W. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a disease marked by the proliferation of benign but debilitating cutaneous and occasional visceral tumors, likely to be caused by chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). This study presents a phylogeny of ChHV5 strains found on the east coast of Queensland, Australia, and a validation for previously unused primers. Two different primer sets (gB-1534 and gB-813) were designed to target a region including part of the UL27 glycoprotein B (gB) gene and part of UL28 of ChHV5. Sequences obtained from FP tumors found on juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas (&lt;65 cm curved carapace length) had substantial homology with published ChHV5 sequences, while a skin biopsy from a turtle without FP failed to react in the PCRs used in this study. The resulting sequences were used to generate a neighbor-joining tree from which three clusters of ChHV5 from Australian waters were identified: north Australian, north Queensland, and Queensland clusters. The clusters reflect the collection sites on the east coast of Queensland with a definitive north–south trend.
Received October 22, 2016; accepted May 7, 2017 Published online July 26, 2017
A Review of public private partnerships around girls' education in developing countries: flicking gender equality on and off
Authors: Unterhalter Elaine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe article reviews the literature on Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and policy on girls’ schooling in developing countries. It considers the ways in which aims around gender equality and women's rights are positioned in policy texts concerned with girls’ education PPPs. The argument made is that these documents exemplify an oscillation, using a multipolar register, between pragmatic initiatives that recognise existing sites of power, and attempts to develop a political project that dissolves differences between public and private constituencies, who share an interest in getting girls into school. The potential and limits of this approach to support integrated policy around rights and equalities is considered using the case of DFID'sGirls’ Education Challenge. An analytical framework is sketched that maps a political and epistemological process termed dispersal, which is used to consider some ways to investigate the effects of PPPs as a mechanism to address intersecting inequalities.
Distinct responses of sympatric migrant and resident Atlantic cod phenotypes to substrate and temperature at a remote Gulf of Maine seamount
Authors: Conroy Christian W , Calvert Jay , Sherwood Graham D , Grabowski Jonathan H 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLife-history strategies often vary within motile marine species, affecting morphometry, growth, diet, and fecundity. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Gulf of Maine display marked variation in a number of life-history traits, exemplified by differences in body colour. Migratory behaviours are suspected to differ among these colour types, but have yet to be shown definitively. Here, we used the combination of an acoustic telemetry system and fine-scale benthic habitat maps to reveal that the red phenotype cod adhered to an isolated kelp forest covering &lt;2 km2 of a seamount in the central Gulf of Maine. Meanwhile, the olive phenotype cod adopted diel vertical migratory behaviour, possibly in response to a temperature gradient. Use of shallow, structured habitat was influenced by temperature and may be enabled by dynamic conditions related to internal waves that persist throughout the summer and early fall. Detections decreased in response to changing thermal conditions, although phenotypes reacted to these changes in distinct ways: the olive phenotype abandoned shallow habitat prior to peak summer temperatures, while the red phenotype remained until mid-fall when temperatures and temperature variability declined. Our findings support a link between morphometry, colour, behavioural strategies, and habitat preferences that may be widespread in Atlantic cod.
Degree of Vascular Encasement in Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas Predicts Postoperative Ischemic Complications
Authors: McCracken D. Jay , Higginbotham Raymond A. , Boulter Jason H. , Liu Yuan , Wells John A. , Halani Sameer H. , Saindane Amit M. , Oyesiku Nelson M. , Barrow Daniel L. , Olson Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) can encase arteries of the circle of Willis, increasing their susceptibility to intraoperative vascular injury and severe ischemic complications.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effect of circumferential vascular encasement in SWM on postoperative ischemia.

METHODS: A retrospective review of 75 patients surgically treated for SWM from 2009 to 2015 was undertaken to determine the degree of circumferential vascular encasement (0°-360°) as assessed by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A novel grading system describing “maximum” and “total” arterial encasement scores was created. Postoperative MRIs were reviewed for total ischemia volume measured on sequential diffusion-weighted images.

RESULTS: Of the 75 patients, 89.3% had some degree of vascular involvement with a median maximum encasement score of 3.0 (2.0-3.0) in the internal carotid artery (ICA), M1, M2, and A1 segments; 76% of patients had some degree of ischemia with median infarct volume of 3.75 cm3 (0.81-9.3 cm3). Univariate analysis determined risk factors associated with larger infarction volume, which were encasement of the supraclinoid ICA (P < .001), M1 segment (P < .001), A1 segment (P = .015), and diabetes (P = .019). As the maximum encasement score increased from 1 to 5 in each of the significant arterial segments, so did mean and median infarction volume (P < .001). Risk for devastating ischemic injury >62 cm3 was found when the ICA, M1, and A1 vessels all had ≥360° involvement (P = .001). Residual tumor was associated with smaller infarct volumes (P = .022). As infarction volume increased, so did modified Rankin Score at discharge (P = .025).

CONCLUSION: Subtotal resection should be considered in SWM with significant vascular encasement of proximal arteries to limit postoperative ischemic complications.
Acute Demyelinating Polyneuropathy as Presentation of Hereditary Neuropathy With Liability to Pressure Palsies in a Patient Who Exercised Regularly in the Army
Authors: Perugula Malathi , Uppal Gulshan , Chuquilin Miguel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Acute generalized neuropathy as the presenting manifestation of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is rare. We report a 19-year-old Army recruit who exercised regularly for 9 months and presented with 2 weeks of numbness, tingling, and weakness in both upper and lower extremities, starting 2 weeks after influenza vaccination and 1 day after vigorous exercise. Based on acute onset, clinical examination and electrophysiological findings, Guillain–Barre syndrome was diagnosed, and intravenous immunoglobulin was administered with minimal improvement. The presence of high foot arches and scapular winging raised suspicion of HNPP, confirmed by genetic testing. The role of the influenza vaccine in the development of symptoms is discussed. This case highlights the fact that HNPP can present as an acute generalized neuropathy even in people who train regularly. Careful history, physical examination, and evidence of entrapment neuropathies in nerve conduction study can aid in the diagnosis.
A Man With Distal Asymmetric Leg Weakness
Authors: Bello Rey , Bertorini Tulio 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Educational objectives:
To discuss a case of adult-onset asymmetric distal leg weakness in a patient who presented with weakness and atrophy of the posterior compartment of the left leg.

Key Questions:
1. What is the differential diagnosis of asymmetric distal leg weakness?
2. How would a clinician approach diagnostic testing for such a patient?
3. What is the final diagnosis for this patient?
4. How to treat this patient?
BETTER PROGNOSIS FOR EYES WITH PRESERVED FOVEAL DEPRESSION AFTER INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB INJECTION FOR MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Kitagawa Shuta , Yasuda Shunsuke , Ito Yasuki , Ueno Shinji , Iwase Takeshi , Terasaki Hiroko 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To determine the prognosis of eyes with central retinal vein occlusion that had a preserved foveal depression at the baseline and were treated by intravitreal ranibizumab injections (IRIs).

Methods:
The authors reviewed the medical records of 23 eyes of 23 consecutive treatment-naive patients who received IRIs to treat the macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion. Eyes were classified by the pre-IRI presence or absence of a foveal depression. A foveal depression was defined as a central foveal thickness that was <50 μm thinner than the average thickness at 200 μm temporal and nasal to the central fovea. The characteristics of the two groups were compared.

Results:
Seven of 23 eyes had a preserved foveal depression before the IRI. The mean number of injections within 12 months after the initial IRI was significantly fewer (P < 0.001) in eyes with foveal depression (1.6 ± 0.5) than in eyes without foveal depression (4.3 ± 1.3). The mean best-corrected visual acuity at 12 months after the initial IRI was significantly better (P = 0.003) in eyes with foveal depression (0.10 ± 0.17 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] units; 20/25 Snellen units) than in eyes without foveal depression (0.77 ± 0.54 logMAR units; 20/118 Snellen units).

Conclusion:
These results indicate that the prognosis is better for eyes with a foveal depression before the IRI treatment for a macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion.
Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Americans
Authors: Shin Cha-Nam , Keller Colleen , An Kyungeh , Sim Jeongha 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Despite Korean Americans being one of the fastest growing immigrant groups in the United States, little is known about their cardiovascular health or cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Purpose:
The purpose of this report is to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risks and their contributing factors in Korean Americans and recommend future directions for the development of cardiovascular disease prevention or management research to meet the unique needs of this ethnic group.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review using databases of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and identified 27 studies that reported the prevalence of cardiovascular disease or its risk factors in Korean Americans, published in English between 2000 and 2016.

Results:
We found high rates of unhealthy behaviors (eg, consumption of a high-sodium diet, physical inactivity, smoking) and risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes) for cardiovascular disease. Moreover, they were less likely to receive counseling about their diseases from healthcare providers and modify their lifestyle (eg, reduce their diet sodium intake, control their weight) to manage their diseases than were other ethnic populations. Individual-, interpersonal-, community-, and societal-level influences contributed to the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions:
Data on subgroups of Asian Americans indicate that Korean Americans have significant lifestyle-related cardiovascular disease risks, which could be a critical agenda for researchers and clinicians to better understand cardiovascular health disparities in the United States.