bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labetalol: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Uses and Adverse Effects
Authors: MacCarthy E. Paul , Bloomfield Saul S. 
Published: December 2015

Labetalol is a combined alpha‐ and beta‐adenoceptor blocking agent for oral and intravenous use in the treatment of hypertension. It is a nonselective competitive antagonist at beta‐adrenoceptors and a competitive antagonist of postsynaptic alpha1‐adrenoceptors. Labetalol is more potent at beta than at alpha1adrenoceptors in man; the ratio of beta‐alpha antagonism is 3:1 after oral and 6.9:1 after intravenous administration.Labetalol is readily absorbed in man after oral administration, but the drug, which is lipid soluble, undergoes considerable hepatic first‐pass metabolism and has an absolute bioavailability of approximately 25%. There are no active metabolites, and the elimination half‐life of the drug is approximately 6 hours.Unlike conventional beta‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, labetalol, when given acutely, produces a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure with little alteration in heart rate or cardiac output. However, like conventional beta‐blockers, labetalol may influence the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and respiratory function.Clinical studies have shown that the antihypertensive efficacy of labetalol is superior to placebo and to diuretic therapy and is at least comparable to that of conventional beta‐blockers, methyldopa, clonidine and various adrenergic neuronal blockers. Labetalol administered alone or with a diuretic is often effective when other antihypertensive regimens have failed. Studies have shown that labetalol is effective in the treatment of essential hypertension, renal hypertension, pheochromocytoma, pregnancy hypertension and hypertensive emergencies. In addition, preliminary studies indicate that labetalol may be of value in the management of ischemic heart disease.The most troublesome side effect of labetalol therapy is posture‐related dizziness. Other reported side effects of the drug include gastrointestinal disturbances, tiredness, headache, scalp tingling, skin rashes, urinary retention and impotence. Side effects related to the beta‐adrenoceptor blocking effect of labetalol, including asthma, heart failure and Raynaud's phenomenon, have been reported in rare instances.
Accuracy of fetal sex determination on ultrasound examination in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Manzanares Sebastián , Benítez Adara , Naveiro‐Fuentes Mariña , López‐Criado María Setefilla , Sánchez‐Gila Mar 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and success rate of sex determination on transabdominal sonographic examination at 11–13 weeks' gestation and to identify factors influencing accuracy.MethodsIn this prospective observational evaluation of 672 fetuses between 11 weeks' and 13 weeks + 6 days' gestational age (GA), we determined fetal sex according to the angle of the genital tubercle viewed on the midsagittal plane. We also analyzed maternal, fetal, and operator factors possibly influencing the accuracy of the determination.ResultsFetal sex determination was feasible in 608 of the 672 fetuses (90.5%), and the prediction was correct in 532 of those 608 cases (87.5%). Fetal sex was more accurately predicted as the fetal crown–rump length (CRL), and GA increased and was less accurately predicted as the maternal body mass index increased. A CRL greater than 55.7 mm, a GA more than 12 weeks + 2 days, and a body mass index below 23.8 were identified as the best cutoff values for sex prediction. None of the other analyzed factors influenced the feasibility or accuracy of sex determination.ConclusionsThe sex of a fetus can be accurately determined on sonographic examination in the first trimester of pregnancy; the accuracy of this prediction is influenced by the fetal CRL and GA and by the maternal body mass index. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:272–277, 2016
Diffusion‐weighted imaging and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in breast cancer: Correlation of the apparent diffusion coefficient and maximum standardized uptake values with prognostic factors
Authors: Karan Belgin , Pourbagher Aysin , Torun Nese 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the correlations between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and the standardized uptake value (SUV) with prognostic factors in breast cancer.Materials and MethodsSeventy women with invasive breast cancer (56 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, four of mixed ductal and lobular invasive carcinoma, three of lobular invasive carcinoma, two of micropapillary carcinoma, and one each of mixed ductal and mucinous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma, and tubular carcinoma) were included in this study. All patients underwent presurgical breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) at 1.5T and whole‐body 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT). For all invasive breast cancers and invasive ductal carcinomas, we assessed the relationships among ADC, SUV, and pathological prognostic factors.ResultsBoth the median ADC value and maximum SUV (SUVmax) were significantly associated with vascular invasion (P = 0.008 and P = 0.026, respectively). SUVmax was also significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.001), histological grade (P = 0.001), lymph node status (P = 0.0015), estrogen receptor status (P = 0.010), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status (P = 0.020), whereas ADC values were not. The correlation between the ADC and SUVmax was not significant (P = 0.356; R = –0.112). Mucinous carcinoma showed high ADC and relatively low SUVmax. Medullary carcinoma showed low ADC and high SUVmax. When we evaluated the relationships among ADC, SUVmax, and prognostic factors in the 56 invasive ductal carcinomas, our statistical results were not significantly changed, except SUVmax was also significantly associated with progesterone receptor status (P = 0.034), but not lymph node status.ConclusionSUVmax may be valuable for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer. Both ADC and SUVmax are useful to predict vascular invasion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1434–1444.
Vegetation, fire, and climate history during the last 18 500 cal a BP in south‐western Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Xiao Xiayun , Shen J. I. , Haberle Simon G. , Han Yong , Xue Bin , Zhang Enlou , Wang Sumin , Tong Guobang 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTHigh‐resolution pollen and charcoal records from Qinghai Lake in south‐western China are presented. The records reveal variations in vegetation, fire and climate history since 18 500 cal a BP. The results show that seven significant vegetation changes are recorded, which are responses to climate changes and/or fire events. Frequent and intensive fires occurred during the periods 17 900–15 000, 13 000–11 500 and 4280–980 cal a BP, corresponding to relatively dry climatic conditions. Combined with the climatic record from Tiancai Lake, the regional climatic changes since 18 500 cal a BP in western Yunnan Province are reconstructed. Namely, the Heinrich Event 1, the Bølling–Allerød warm period and the Younger Dryas event during the last deglaciation are ubiquitous in western Yunnan Province. The start of the Holocene is recorded at 11 500 cal a BP. The Holocene climatic optimum occurred between 8450 and 4280 cal a BP. After 4280 cal a BP, the climate deteriorated, accompanied by evidence for human impact. Based on this study, we consider that vegetation and climatic changes since 18 500 cal a BP in south‐western Yunnan Province are primarily driven by September and average summer solar insolation, with some associated influence from regional sea‐surface temperature and sea‐level rise.
A late Pleistocene–Holocene multi‐proxy record of palaeoenvironmental change from Still Bay, southern Cape Coast, South Africa
Authors: Quick Lynne J. , Carr Andrew S. , Meadows Michael E. , Boom Arnoud , Bateman Mark D. , Roberts David L. , Reimer Paula J. , Chase Brian M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe southern Cape is a key focus for southern African palaeoenvironmental research as it represents the transitional region between temperate westerlies and sub‐tropical rainfall sources. This study presents pollen, plant biomarker, geochemical and charcoal data preserved in the Rietvlei wetland. The bulk of the record spans the last 16 ka, but it also provides rare insights into late Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (ca. 35–30k cal a BP). The data suggest that during the Pleistocene the development and permanence of this wetland was probably influenced by sea‐level change via control on the local water table; notably lower sea levels within MIS 2 resulted in very limited wetland productivity. The MIS 3 section provides evidence both supporting previous suggestions of relatively humid conditions, but also some indication of periodic arid phases. The Holocene record suggests clear contrasts between the early (11–7k cal a BP; relatively humid), mid‐Holocene (7–3.3k cal a BP; more arid, less productive wetland conditions) and latest Holocene (last 2k cal a BP; resurgence in both fynbos and aquatic/riparian pollen). While isolating the roles of winter/summer rainfall remains challenging, these data clarify the nature of change during key episodes in the regional palaeoenvironmental record.
Discrimination of some European vinegars with protected denomination of origin as a function of their amino acid and biogenic amine content
Authors: Chinnici Fabio , Durán‐Guerrero Enrique , Riponi Claudio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwenty‐three amino acids and 11 amines were quantified in 37 premium quality European vinegars (traditional balsamic vinegar of Modena, balsamic vinegars of Modena and vinegars of Jerez) by an HPLC‐DAD method after derivatisation with diethyl ethoxymethylenmalonate. Data were assessed in the light of the differences in technology and raw materials.RESULTSThe total amount of amino acids ranged from 136 mg kg−1 to 1450 mg kg−1 in traditional balsamic vinegar of Modena and balsamic vinegar of Modena, respectively. Jerez vinegars had a mean content from 351 mg kg−1 to 921 mg kg−1. Proline, glycine and γ‐aminobutyric acid were the main amino acids while isoleucine was only found in balsamic vinegar of Modena at a concentration of <1 mg kg−1. Traditional balsamic vinegar of Modena had the lowest amount of biogenic amines. However, for all the vinegars, their concentration did not raise health issues. Based on the entire dataset, samples were successfully segregated and classified by means of principal component and cluster analysis.CONCLUSIONThe amino acid and amine content in vinegars is influenced by the production process and raw materials. They may potentially contribute in characterising the European premium quality vinegars also for authentication or anti‐fraud purposes. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with variceal bleeding: The eastern experience
Authors: Yang Tian , He Haiguan , Yuan Jianyong , Zhang Jin , Lu Junhua , Lau Wan Yee , Yang Guangshun , Shen Yinan , Wang Zhouchong , Alshebeeb Kutaiba , Wu Mengchao , Shen Feng 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundVariceal bleeding can be the first manifestation of patients with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and effective treatments deserve to be explored for these patients.MethodsA prospectively collected database of HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy identified 75 patients who presented with variceal bleeding. Among them, 31 patients underwent concomitant Hassab's operation. The clinical variables and outcomes were compared between the Hassab and non‐Hassab groups.ResultsThe postoperative morbidity and 90‐days mortality were 44.0% and 6.7% respectively. Variceal re‐bleeding and tumor recurrence occurred in 28.8% and 52.1% of surviving patients after surgery, and the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates were 87.7, 66.8, and 50.3%. There were no significant differences in morbidity, mortality and postoperative recurrence between the Hassab and non‐Hassab groups. However, patients in the Hassab group had significantly higher 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates (P = 0.038), and significantly lower rate of re‐bleeding (13.3% vs. 39.5%, P = 0.014) than those in the non‐Hassab group. On multivariable analysis, concomitant Hassab's operation was independently predicted longer overall survival.ConclusionLiver resection could safely be performed in selected patients with HCC who presented with variceal bleeding, and concomitant Hassab's operation may improve long‐term prognosis for these patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:165–174. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whispering‐gallery microcavities with unidirectional laser emission
Authors: Jiang Xue‐Feng , Zou Chang‐Ling , Wang Li , Gong Qihuang , Xiao Yun‐Feng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOptical whispering‐gallery mode (WGM) microcavities featuring ultrahigh Q factors and small mode volumes enhance significantly the interaction between light and matter, becoming an excellent platform for achieving ultralow‐threshold microlasers. However, the emission of traditional WGMs is isotropic due to the rotational symmetry of cavity geometries, which hinders the potential photonics applications. In this review, the progress in WGM microcavities towards unidirectional laser emission is summarized. When a subwavelength scatterer is placed on the boundary of the microcavity, the unidirectional emission occurs due to the collimation effect of the microcavity‐enhanced scattering field. Furthermore, microcavities deformed from the circular shapes can not only produce the chaos‐assisted unidirectional emission, but also maintain high Q factors by special design and fabrication processes. Finally, gratings along the circumference of the WGM microdisk or microring can scatter the WGMs in the vertical direction. The review also lists several important applications of these types of microcavities, such as wide‐band laser illumination source, free‐space coupling, evanescent‐field enhancement, optical energy storage, and sensing.
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Polyelectrolytes Multilayers to Modulate Cell Adhesion: A Study of the Influence of Film Composition and Polyelectrolyte Interdigitation on the Adhesion of the A549 Cell Line
Authors: Muzzio Nicolás E. , Pasquale Miguel A. , Gregurec Danijela , Diamanti Eleftheria , Kosutic Marija , Azzaroni Omar , Moya Sergio E. 
Published: December 2015

Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) with different polycation/polyanion pairs are fabricated by the layer‐by‐layer technique employing synthetic, natural, and both types of polyelectrolytes. The impact of the chemical composition of PEMs on cell adhesion is assessed by studying cell shape, spreading area, focal contacts, and cell proliferation for the A549 cell line. Cells exhibit good adhesion on PEMs containing natural polycations and poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) as polyanion, but limited adhesion is observed on PEMs fabricated from both natural polyelectrolytes. PEMs are then assembled, depositing a block of natural polyelectrolytes on top of a stiffer block with PSS as polyanion. Cell adhesion is enhanced on top of the diblock PEMs compared to purely natural PEMs. This fact could be explained by the interdigitation between polyelectrolytes from the two blocks. Diblock PEM assembly provides a simple means to tune cell adhesion on biocompatible PEMs.
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Reversing the Similarity Effect in Stock‐Outs: A New Look at a Renowned Phenomenon in Consumers’ Brand Switching Behavior
Authors: Müller Holger , Diels Jana 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTOver 40 years of research has established the robustness of the similarity effect (SE; Tversky, ), which states that the introduction of new options into choice sets predominantly reduces the choice share of similar options. The present work examines whether the SE systematically reverses when real brands are excluded from assortment subsets, as is the case with stock‐outs in real purchase decisions. To this end, within‐subject decisions are examined under certain out‐of‐stock (OOS) conditions in an enhanced experimental design that resembles real shopping environments. Specifically, unforced choices of experienced consumers, inclusive of real payments, are observed for products in online transactions. The results of two studies corroborate the existence of a reserved SE. Specifically, the OOS‐induced switching patterns systematically refute the assumptions of classic economic theory, since consumers disproportionately switch to alternatives which are similar to the unavailable item in contrast to dissimilar substitutes. Finally, managerial implications and potential directions for follow‐up research in the general domain of marketing are deduced.
Exploring Green Brand Associations through a Network Analysis Approach
Authors: Wang Hui‐Ju , Horng Shun‐Ching 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn compliance with society's growing concern for the environment, an increasing number of enterprises are willing to act in socially responsible and environmentally conscious ways. Green‐related issues for enterprises have been an important academic research topic for at least three decades; however, few studies have focused on green brand associations. Based on the associative network perspective, the authors attempt to explore green brand associations through a network analysis approach. By combining network analysis with the qualitative elicitation method, the authors utilize commonly used measures of network analysis (i.e., centrality and cohesion measures) to reveal the content and structure of associative networks for green brands; next, they demonstrate empirical support for the findings. The results contribute to providing brand researchers with different analytical perspectives on the existing knowledge about green brand associations and offering strategic information for green brand practitioners.
Effect of lifestyle and reproductive factors on the onset of breast cancer in female BRCA 1 and 2 mutation carriers
Authors: Rieder Viktoria , Salama Mohamed , Glöckner Lena , Muhr Daniela , Berger Andreas , Tea Muy‐Kheng , Pfeiler Georg , Rappaport‐Fuerhauser Christine , Gschwantler‐Kaulich Daphne , Weingartshofer Sigrid , Singer Christian F 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe birth year‐dependent onset of breast cancer (BC) in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers suggests a risk‐modifying role for reproductive and life style factors. We therefore examined possible associations between these factors and age at diagnosis.MethodsCox regression analysis and log‐Rank testing were used to estimate the effect of potential life style factors on the onset of BC in 197 BRCA mutation carriers.ResultsNulliparous BRCA mutation carriers developed BC earlier than those who had delivered (36.4 vs. 40.9; P = 0.001). Similarly, smokers and women who had used oral contraceptives experienced an earlier cancer onset (39.0 vs. 41.4; P = 0.05 and 39.3 vs. 44.9; P = 0.0001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, oral contraceptive use (HR: 1.7; P = 0.006) and birth cohort (< vs. ≥1965 HR: 4.5; P = 0.001) were associated with an earlier BC onset, while previous pregnancies led to a delay (HR: 0.2; P = 0.04). Mutation carriers born ≥1965 were less likely to have experienced pregnancies and more likely to have used oral contraceptives, and consequently developed BC at an earlier age (median age: 42 vs. 58; P < 0.0001 log‐Rank test).ConclusionWe here demonstrate that in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers the birth cohort‐associated differences in the onset of BC are profound and influenced by reproductive factors.
Green tea extract provides extensive Nrf2‐independent protection against lipid accumulation and NFκB pro‐ inflammatory responses during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Li Jinhui , Sapper Teryn N. , Mah Eunice , Rudraiah Swetha , Schill Kevin E. , Chitchumroonchokchai Chureeporn , Moller Meredith V. , McDonald Joshua D. , Rohrer Philip R. , Manautou José E. , Bruno Richard S. 
Published: December 2015

ScopeGreen tea extract (GTE) reduces liver steatosis and inflammation during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We hypothesized GTE would mitigate NASH in a nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related‐factor‐2 (Nrf2)‐dependent manner in a high fat (HF) induced model.Methods and resultsNrf2‐null and wild‐type (WT) mice were fed an HF diet containing 0 or 2% GTE for eight weeks prior to assessing parameters of NASH. Compared to WT mice, Nrf2‐null mice had increased serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic triglyceride, expression of free fatty acid uptake and lipogenic genes, malondialdehyde and NFκB phosphorylation and expression of pro‐inflammatory genes. In WT mice, GTE increased Nrf2 and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase‐1 mRNA, and lowered hepatic steatosis, lipid uptake and lipogenic gene expression, malondialdehyde, and NFκB‐dependent inflammation. In Nrf2‐null mice, GTE lowered NFκB phosphorylation and TNF‐α and MCP1 mRNA to levels observed in WT mice fed GTE whereas hepatic triglyceride and lipogenic genes were lowered only to those of WT mice fed no GTE. Malondialdehyde was lowered in Nrf2‐null mice fed GTE, but not to levels of WT mice, and without improving the hepatic antioxidants α‐tocopherol, ascorbic acid and uric acid.ConclusionNrf2 deficiency exacerbates NASH whereas anti‐inflammatory and hypolipidemic activities of GTE likely occur largely independent of Nrf2 signaling.
Muscle damage, metabolism, and oxidative stress in mdx mice: Impact of aerobic running
Authors: Schill Kevin E. , Altenberger Alex. R. , Lowe Jeovanna , Periasamy Muthu , Villamena Frederick A. , Rafael‐Fortney JIll A. , Devor Steven T. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We tested how a treadmill exercise program influences oxygen consumption, oxidative stress, and exercise capacity in the mdx mouse, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Methods: At age 4 weeks mdx mice were subjected to 4 weeks of twice‐weekly treadmill exercise. Sedentary mdx and wild‐type mice served as controls. Oxygen consumption, time to exhaustion, oxidative stress, and myofiber damage were assessed. Results: At age 4 weeks, there was a significant difference in exercise capacity between mdx and wild‐type mice. After exercise, mdx mice had lower basal oxygen consumption and exercise capacity, but similar maximal oxygen consumption. Skeletal muscle from these mice displayed increased oxidative stress. Collagen deposition was higher in exercised versus sedentary mice. Conclusions: Exercised mdx mice exhibit increased oxidative stress, as well as deficits in exercise capacity, baseline oxygen consumption, and increased myofiber fibrosis. Muscle Nerve 54: 110–117, 2016
Comparative study to evaluate the effects of peritoneal and hemodialysis on peripheral nerve function
Authors: Arnold Ria , Pussell Bruce A. , Kiernan Matthew C. , Krishnan Arun V. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is no specific treatment for neuropathy in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We compared nerve function across hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).MethodsSubjects underwent neurological assessment and neurophysiological testing using nerve excitability studies. Pre‐ and postdialysis studies were undertaken in HD (n = 10) and PD (n = 10) patients and were compared with stage 4 CKD patients (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 20).ResultsThere were prominent differences in nerve excitability between the groups (P <  0.001). The HD group was significantly abnormal compared with all groups for excitability parameters, while the PD group demonstrated results similar to the CKD group. Pre‐ and postdialysis fluctuations were pronounced in the HD group, while the PD group showed less severe fluctuations.ConclusionsPD patients demonstrated greater normality of nerve excitability compared with the HD group despite similar duration of dialysis. These results suggest PD may provide greater homeostatic stability and may be neurologically beneficial. Muscle Nerve 54: 58–64, 2016