bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular Findings in Cerebro-Oculo-Facial-Skeletal Syndrome (Pena-Shokeir-II Syndrome)
Authors: Jonas J.B. , Mayer U. , Budde W.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the ocular findings in cerebro-oculo-facial-skeletal syndrome or Pena-Shokeir-II syndrome. Methods Case report. Results A five-month-old male infant presented with bilateral posterior polar cataract, microphthalmos, nystagmus, and marked non-glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy. Systemic abnormalities such as microcephaly, micrognathia, flexion contractures of the elbows and knees, hypotonic musculature, and failure to thrive, with pronounced statomotor retardation, led to the diagnosis of cerebro-oculo-facial-skeletal syndrome or Pena-Shokeir-II syndrome. Cataract surgery did not improve the poor visual performance. Conclusions Cerebro-oculo-facial-skeletal syndrome (Pena-Shokeir-II syndrome) should be included in the differential diagnosis of bilateral microphthalmos, congenital cataract, nystagmus, and pronounced optic nerve atrophy, and cataract surgery does not markedly improve vision.
Peripheral Vasospasm and Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping - Two Distinct Risk Factors for Glaucomatous Damage?
Authors: Pache M. , Dubler B. , Flammer J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the relationship between peripheral vasospasm and circadian blood pressure rhythm in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods Nail-fold capillaroscopy, combined with a cold provocation test, and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring was carried out in 130 patients with POAG (M:F 58:72; mean age 60 ± 14 years), 99 with high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and 31 with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Peripheral blood flow parameters were compared for patients with a nocturnal fall in mean systemic blood pressure (MBP) of less than 10% (non-dippers), patients with a nighttime MBP fall of 10–20% (dippers), and patients with a nighttime MBP fall of more than 20% (over-dippers). Results Patients with POAG showed a significantly lower blood flow velocity both at baseline (p <0.01) and after cold provocation (p <0.02) and a significantly higher percentage of cold-induced blood-flow standstill (p <0.0001) in the nail-fold capillaroscopy than normal controls. The numbers of non-dippers (50), dippers (66) and over-dippers (14) did not differ between the HTG and NTG group. There were no significant differences between non-dippers, dippers, and over-dippers in peripheral blood flow parameters. Conclusions Our findings indicate that vasospasm and low blood pressure may be distinct risk factors for glaucomatous damage. It also appears that screening for vascular dysregulation and systemic hypotension should not be restricted to NTG patients alone.
Trans-Orbital Intra-Cranial Air Gun Injury
Authors: Gilmour D.F. , Ramaesh K. , Fleck B.W. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a case of trans-orbital intra-cranial air gun injury with a discussion on air gun related morbidity and mortality. Methods Case report and literature review. Results The air gun pellet travelled through the orbit without penetrating the globe. It passed into the middle cranial fossa through the superior orbital fissure and lodged in the temporal lobe. The patient was managed conservatively with antibiotics and antiepilectis. Conclusions Air gun design has changed in recent years resulting in an increased morbidity and mortality. Stricter legislation on the sale and use of these weapons needs to be implemented.
Closed Chamber Thermometry and Humidity Measurements in Normal and Dry Eye Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Singh G. , Bhinder H.S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To verify the diagnostic value of closed chamber thermometry and humidity measurement in normal and dry eye patients. Methods In 20 patients (40 eyes) with dry eye and 20 normal sex- and age-matched controls (40 eyes), aged from 11 to 61 years (mean 37.52 yrs, standard deviation, (SD) 14.81) temperature was measured by infrared thermometry and humidity measured in a closed chamber 15 mm from the cornea. The temperature reading in °C and humidity in % (RH) were noted on closing and then opening the eye for five seconds. Results The temperature rose significantly, by 0.11°C ± 0.02, between the closed and open eye positions (p<0.000) in normal eyes, but there was no change in dry eyes. The humidity in normal eyes in the closed position was 49.50 ± 4.67% and 50.03 ± 4.65% in the open position (p<0.00001). Humidity in the closed and open positions in dry eyes was 52.77 ± 7.13% and 53.59 ± 6.75% (p<0.00000). The difference between closed and open dry eyes was 1.25 ± 0.40%, compared to 0.54 ± 0.20% in normal controls (p<0.005). No relationship was found with age or sex. Conclusions Thermometry and humidity measurements in a dry eye patient had a 100% diagnostic value. The reading of no change in thermometry and more than 1% change in humidity were highly diagnostic of dry eyes.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Lens “Coloboma”
Authors: Agarwal T. , Saxena R. , Vajpayee R.B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the morphology of the Lens “Coloboma” using the technique of ultrasound biomicroscopy. Methods We used the Paradigm 40 Ultrasound biomicroscope to study the morphology of the lens “Coloboma”. Results Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the lens “Coloboma” revealed a greatly increased sphericity of the lens and the deficiency of zonules in the “colobomatous” area. Conclusions Ultrasound biomicroscopy has helped in elucidating the pathology of the lens “Coloboma”.
Traumatic Eye Injuries Due to Large Unusual Foreign Bodies: A Singapore Case Series
Authors: Pan J.C.H. , Yap E.Y. , Yip C.C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Traumatic eye injuries due to large foreign bodies (FB) are rare. The visual prognosis is often poor in these cases because of severe ocular damage. Staged surgical procedures with eventual enucleation or evisceration are often indicated. Methods Case series. Results The authors describe two patients with eye injury due to large FB with visual acuity of no light perception at presentation. Both had initial repair of the ocular injuries and removal of the FB. One patient with an intraocular FB eventually underwent enucleation; the other, with intraorbital FB, had evisceration as a secondary procedure. Orbital implantations were done in both. Neither of the patients had developed sympathetic ophthalmia at the last review. Conclusions The visual outcome of eye injuries due to large FB is poor. Both enucleation and evisceration can be performed with low risk of sympathetic ophthalmia. Prevention remains the best approach to such devastating injuries.
Transpupillary Thermotherapy of Juxtafoveal Recurrent Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Cardillo Piccolino F. , Eandi C.M. , Ventre L. , Rigault De La Longrais R.C. , Grignolo F.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of low power transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) in treating juxtafoveal recurrent choroidal neovascularization (CNV) after laser photocoagulation in patients with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods Eight eyes of eight patients with ARMD and juxtafoveal recurrent CNV were treated with low power TTT, delivered using an 810-nm diode laser with 350 mW, 2.0 mm spot, and 1-minute duration. Visual acuity (VA) ranged from 20/100 to 20/50. Treatment effect was evaluated by fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and VA measurements (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) at 1-week, 2-week, and monthly follow-up visits. Results NO retinal damage was visible ophthalmoscopically during treatment. At the first follow-up visit, seven eyes had obliteration of CNV and one eye required a second TTT application. VA was unchanged in six eyes, improved in one eye, and worsened in one eye. Recurrences occurred in all eyes between 1 and 7 months after TTT and were treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). More than two PDT treatments were performed in each eye in the year after recurrence. Conclusions LOW power TTT is as able to close juxtafoveal recurrent CNV as is high power conventional laser photocoagulation but does not prevent recurrences. Further intervention with TTT in order to treat recurrences is under investigation.
Bilateral Detachment of the Macular Neuroepithelium in a Patient with Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: Van Haarlem J. , Cruysberg J.R.M. , Deutman A.F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe the occurrence of atypical, bilateral detachment of the macular neuroepithelium and Klinefelter syndrome in a young patient. Methods Case report. Results A 20-year-old male of Chinese origin with karyotype 47,XXY presented with bilateral central neurosensory retinal detachment. There was spontaneous improvement. Conclusions An atypical form of detachment of the macular neuroepithelium was seen in a young patient with Klinefelter syndrome. The pathophysiological mechanism is not clear. The possibility of a hormonal imbalance is discussed. A differential diagnostic consideration is central serous chorioretinopathy and a mild form of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. This case is of interest because of the rarity of association between Klinefelter syndrome and chorioretinal abnormalities.
Rieger Anomaly with Bilateral Choroidal Osteoma: Coincidence or Association?
Authors: Erkiliç K. , Özkiriş A. , Evereklioglu C. , Dogan H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of Rieger anomaly associated with bilateral choroidal osteoma. CASE. An 18-year-old woman presented with corectopia, iridocorneal adhesions, and stromal hypoplasia of the iris, and was diagnosed with Rieger anomaly. Results Fundus examination revealed bilateral yellowish-orange, placoid degenerative fundus lesions with pseudopod-like edges associated with the areas of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, indicating choroidal osteoma. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed bilateral early patchy and late diffuse hyperfluorescence. B-scan echography revealed placoid lesion at the posterior ocular coats characterized by localized areas of high ultrasound reflectivity with a corresponding retrobulbar orbital shadowing. This indicated a dense calcium foreign body. In addition, computed tomography of the orbit demonstrated bilateral plate-like thickening with calcification of the choroid that was isodense with the normal skeletal bone. Conclusions Although Rieger anomaly is classically known as a disease of the anterior segment of the eye, choroidal osteoma may be a posterior segment finding of the disease that has not previously been reported.
The Effect of Capsulorhexis Size on Development of Posterior Capsule Opacification: Small (4.5 to 5.0 mm) versus Large (6.0 to 7.0 mm)
Authors: Aykan Ü. , Bílge A.H. , Karadayi K. , Akin T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The most common surgically related cause of reduced vision after extracapsular cataract extraction is posterior capsule opacification (PCO), which occurs in up to 50% of eyes following cataract extraction. This study examined whether small capsulorhexes of 4.5 to 5.0 mm, which lie completely on the 5.5 mm intraocular lens (IOL), and large capsulorhexes of 6.0 to 7.0 mm, which lie completely off the lens optic, are effective in preventing PCO development. Methods In this prospective study, 496 eyes of 367 patients underwent standardized phacoemulsification with capsulorhexis and capsular bag foldable acrylic IOL implantation. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either a small capsulorhexis of 4.5 to 5 mm to lie completely on the IOL optic or a large capsulorhexis of 6 to 7 mm to lie completely off the lens optic. Retroillumination photographs were taken at 6 months and then yearly. Results Throughout the follow-up, there was less PCO in the small capsulorhexis group than in the large capsulorhexis group. Conclusions Small capsulorhexes were associated with less wrinkling of the posterior capsule and less PCO than were large capsulorhexes. PCO after IOL implantation has a multi-factored pathogenesis. Small (4.5 to 5.0 mm) capsulorhexis and capsular bag implantation of 5.5 mm acrylic IOL are likely to reduce the PCO incidence when compared with the 6.0 to 7.0 mm capsulorhexis. The significance of the IOL optic diameter in association with the capsulorhexis size should also be documented by further studies.
Optic Nerve Alterations in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice
Authors: Lopez-Sanchez E. , Frances-Muñoz E. , Diez-Juan A. , Andres V. , Menezo J.L. , Pinazo-Duran M.D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the morphologic characteristics of the optic nerve (ON) by using an experimental model of knockout mice for expression of the ApoE gene Methods Eyeballs with the retrobulbar ON attached were obtained from 24-week-old mice. Using morphologic and morphometric techniques and light and transmission electron microscopy, the ON characteristics were determined in three groups of mice: 1) wild type mice as the controls (CG; n=15), 2) knockout mice for the ApoE gene (ApoE-G; n=15), and 3) knockout mice for the ApoE gene that were fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet (ApoED-G; n=15). Results The ON cross-sectional area was significantly higher in the ApoE-G than in the CG (p<0.001) mice, whereas no significant changes were noticed between the ApoE-G and ApoED-G mice. Significant differences were noticed between those groups regarding the myelination index. Higher density of intraaxonal degeneration and myelin sheath alterations were found in both ApoE groups in respect to the CG. Conclusions These results suggest that ApoE knockout mice have changes in ON morphology and myelination.
Successful Surgical Repair and Good Visual Outcome of a Recurrent Macular Hole of Seven Years Duration
Authors: Oz O. , Akduman L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report anatomical closure and visual improvement in a patient with seven-year history of recurrent macular hole. Methods A 68-year-old woman underwent vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for a seven-year old recurrent macular hole. Results Macular hole closed and visual acuity improved form 20/400 to 20/60 at 12 months follow-up. Conclusions The eyes with very-long standing macular holes may be considered for surgery. Predictors of successful visual outcome after surgery in very-long standing macular holes should be studied in larger series.
Effect of Brimonidine on Intraocular Pressure in Normal Tension Glaucoma: A Short Term Clinical Trial
Authors: Gandolfi S.A. , Cimino L. , Mora P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.2% brimonidine eye drops given twice daily in normal tension glaucoma. Patients and Methods Sixteen consecutive patients fulfilling eligibility criteria (glaucomatous optic neuropathy associated with visual field defect in at least one eye, intraocular pressure (IOP) = 18 mmHg (average of the two highest readings of the round-the-clock curve, including one reading at midnight in supine position), no prior glaucoma therapy, angle wide open, visual acuity 20/40 or better) were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial with crossover design, lasting 30 days for each treatment phase plus 15-day washout in between. Main outcome was IOP (average of the two highest readings of the round-the-clock curve). Results Mean IOP was significantly reduced by brimonidine (from 17.1 ± 0.7 mm Hg to 13.9 ± 2.2 mmHg, p<0.001 (paired Student t-test)). At the end of the 30-day brimonidine phase, 4 of 16 subjects showed a ≥30% IOP decrease over baseline. Conclusions In the short term, 0.2% brimonidine eye drops can induce a significant IOP decrease in eyes with normal tension glaucoma.
Prognosis of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Uveitis
Authors: Paroli M.P. , Speranza S. , Marino M. , Pirraglia M.P. , Pivetti-Pezzi P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the clinical characteristics and the visual prognosis of uveitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Methods The authors examined 63 patients with uveitis and JRA observed from January 1985 to December 2000. The following characteristics of each patient were considered: age at first visit, age at onset of uveitis and arthritis, sex, laterality and localization of uveitis, ocular complications, antinuclear antibody (ANA) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR11 positivity, and follow-up. A retrospective study on mid-time visual outcome and ocular complications was performed on 42 patients with more than 12 months of follow-up. Results A total of 76.2% of the patients were female, with a mean age of 8.1 years. Chronic anterior uveitis was bilateral in 77.8% of the cases and unilateral in 22.2%. Arthritis was oligoarticular at onset in 87.3% of cases, and polyarticular in 12.7%. Mean age at arthritis onset was 4.5 years and mean age at uveitis onset was 5.4 years. ANA were positive in 92% of cases and HLA DR11 was present in 36 of the 43 patients tested (83.7%). Among the 42 patients with more than 12 months of follow-up, ocular complications occurred in 90.5% of cases and the most frequent were cataract (64.4% of eyes) and band keratopathy (59.2% of eyes). Secondary glaucoma (25% of eyes) was associated with the worst visual prognosis. A total of 64.5% of eyes maintained a visual acuity between 20/33 and 20/20 at the end of the follow-up. Conclusions Visual prognosis of uveitis associated with JRA is improving, owing to earlier diagnosis and intensive treatment. Ocular complications occurred frequently in patients with uveitis and JRA but they did not seem to seriously affect the final visual outcome. The authors did not observe any correlation between prognosis and sex, age at the onset of uveitis or arthritis, pattern of arthritis, or positivity for ANA or HLA DR11. In a percentage of cases, uveitis may develop before arthritis or years after the onset of arthritis; therefore, continuous ophthalmologic examinations are needed in young people with JRA.
Diabetes Mellitus: A Risk Factor Affecting Visual Outcome in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Swart J. , Reichert-Thoen J.W. , Suttorp-Schulten M.S. , Van Rens G.H. , Polak B.C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The prognosis of visual acuity (VA) after branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in patients with diabetes mellitus is unknown compared to the VA in non-diabetic patients with BRVO. The aim of this study was to evaluate the visual outcome of BRVO in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods A retrospective case-control study of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with BRVO was performed. VA and commonly known risk factors and complications of BRVO were compared in a follow-up period of at least 1 year. Results A total of 28 eyes of patients with diabetes and 49 eyes of non-diabetic patients with BRVO were included. One year after BRVO, the VA in the patients with diabetes decreased significantly more than that of the non-diabetic patients. During the second year after BRVO, the VA did not change significantly in either group. BRVO in patients with diabetes occurs at an earlier age. Diabetic patients needed more outpatient visits. Conclusions The VA 1 year after BRVO in patients with diabetes is worse compared to the VA in patients without diabetes. The VA stabilizes 1 year after onset in both groups. Diabetic patients tend to need more frequent follow-up in order to treat the sequelae of BRVO.
Choroidal Hemangioma Treated with Photodynamic Therapy Using Verteporfin: Report of a Case
Authors: Nicolò M. , Ghiglione D. , Polizzi A. , Calabria G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the results of treatment of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma with a single application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin according to the Treatment of Age-related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy study. Methods A 44-year-old man with unilateral decreased vision and macular subretinal fluid secondary to a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma diagnosed by fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and ultrasonography underwent PDT with verteporfin therapy. Results One year after PDT, subretinal fluid was absent and visual acuity improved. Conclusions The results obtained in this case are in keeping with previously reported results; however, future randomized studies are necessary to evaluate and standardize different infusion times in order to obtain maximum efficacy of treatment.
Value of Electrodiagnostic Assessment in Nonsyndromic Microcephaly
Authors: Atchaneeyasakul L.-O. , Trinavarat A. , Wanumkarng N. , Samsen P. , Thanasombatsakul N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the value of electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) in children with nonsyndromic microcephaly. Methods In this observational case series, six children with nonsyndromic microcephaly aged 8.5 to 158 months were examined. Main outcome measures included the amplitude of the flash ERG (photopic, flickering, scotopic, and dark-adapted responses), the amplitude and latency of the VEP (flash or pattern-reversal stimulus), visual acuity, slit-lamp bio-microscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results Three children demonstrated normal fundus appearances, ERG, and VEP responses: two in this group demonstrated poor vision and brain computed tomography in the third showed schizencephaly. The remaining three children demonstrated abnormal ERG with predominant reduction in photopic amplitudes. Retinal pigmentary granularities were detected in two children in this group, one of whom has poor vision, generalized brain atrophy, and 40% reduction in VEP amplitudes. Conclusions Abnormal ERG is not uncommon among children with nonsyndromic microcephaly. Although cone photoreceptors are affected more than rods, this does not anticipate poor vision. It appears that defects in posterior visual pathway or developmental malformations of the brain should be responsible for poor visual function in nonsyndromic microcephaly.
Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion in Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: Venkatesh P. , Chawla R. , Tewari H.K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of hemiretinal vein occlusion in a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis. Method Case report. Results Retinal vein occlusion may occur in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis even in the absence of active inflammation affecting the retinal venules. Conclusions Wegener's granulomatosis should be considered in the diagnostic workup of young patients with major retinal vascular occlusion and concurrent history of pulmonary and/or renal disease.
Frosted Branch Angiitis and Late Peripheral Retinochoroidal Scar in a Patient with Acquired Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Díaz-Valle D. , Díaz-Rodríguez E. , Díaz-Valle T. , Benítez Del Castillo J.M. , Toledano N. , Fernández Aceñero M.J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of acute frosted branch angiitis associated with acquired toxoplasmosis in which a late peripheral chorioretinal scar developed. Method Case report. Results A 32-year-old man without systemic symptoms presented with sudden visual loss in his left eye. Examination demonstrated frosted branch angiitis without necrotizing chorioretinitis. Serologic tests showed elevated Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin M antibody titers. Antitoxoplasmic therapy and oral steroids healed the ocular inflammation. In a follow-up visit one year later, a peripheral chorioretinal scar was noted. Conclusions Acute frosted branch angiitis without focal necrotizing chorioretinitis can be a manifestation of acquired toxoplasmosis. This could be an important, and sometimes forgotten, sign of the disease.