bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phonetics of code-switched vowels
Authors: Muldner Kasia , Hoiting Leah , Sanger Leyna , Blumenfeld Lev , Toivonen Ida 
Published: June 2017

Aims and Objectives: This study investigates the effects of code-switching on vowel quality, pitch and duration among English–French bilinguals. Code-switching has been claimed to influence the morphology, syntax and lexicon, but not the phonology of the switched language. However, studies on voice-onset time have found subtle phonetic effects of code-switching, even though there are no categorical phonological effects. We investigate this further through the following three questions: (1) Are F1 and F2 influenced in the process of code-switching? (2) Are code-switched words hyper-articulated? (3) Does code-switching have an effect on vowel duration before voiced and voiceless consonants? Methodology: To address our research questions we relied on an insertional switching method where words from one language were inserted into carrier phrases of the other to simulate English–French code-switching environments. Bilingual speakers were recorded while they read code-switched sentences as well as sentences that did not involve code-switching, that is, monolingual sentences. Data and Analysis: The vowels of target words in the recorded utterances were compared – code-switched contexts against monolingual contexts – for vocalic duration, F0, F1 and F2. Findings/Conclusions: Like previous voice-onset time studies, our results indicate that code-switching does not shift the phonology to that of the embedded language. We did, however, find subtle lower level phonetic effects, especially in the French target words; we also found evidence of hyper-articulation in code-switched words. At the prosodic level, target switch-words approached the prosodic contours of the carrier phrases they are embedded in. Originality: The approach taken in this study is novel for its investigation of vowel properties instead of voice-onset time. Significance: This new approach to investigating code-switching adds to our understanding of how code-switching affects pronunciation.
Endovascular treatment of wide-neck intracranial bifurcation aneurysms with ‘Y’-configuration, double Neuroform® stents-assisted coiling technique: Experience in a single center
Authors: Castaño C , Terceño M , Remollo S , García-Sort MR , Domínguez C 
Published: June 2017

Background Intracranial wide-neck aneurysms at the arterial bifurcations, especially in the aneurysms where the bifurcating branches emanate directly from the base of the aneurysm, have been particularly difficult on which to perform endovascular treatment. The ‘Y’-configuration, double stent-assisted coil embolization is an option for the treatment of these difficult aneurysms, allowing the closure of the aneurysm, preserving the parent arteries. Material and methods In a nine-year period, 546 intracranial aneurysms in 493 patients were treated at our center by endovascular approach. We have reviewed the medical records and arteriographies from November 2007 to January 2017 of 45 patients who were treated using ‘Y’-configuration double Neuroform® stent-assisted coil embolization. Results All patients were successfully treated. The location of the aneurysms were: middle cerebral artery (MCA) 20 (44.4%), anterior communicating artery (AComA) 17 (37.7%), basilar four (8.9%), internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation three (6.6%) and posterior communicating artery (PComA) one (2.2%). The mRS at hospital discharge was: mRS 0: 42 (93.3%), mRS 1: 1 (2.2%), mRS 2: 1 (2.2%) and mRS 5: 1 (2.2%). The Modified Raymond-Roy Occlusion Classification, in the control at six months, was: Class I: 41 (91.1%), Class II: 2 (4.4%), Class IIIa: 1 (2.2%) and Class IIIb: 1 (2.2%). Forty-four (97.8%) patients had a good outcome (mRS < 2) at six months. One (2.2%) patient had a poor outcome (mRS > 2) at six months that was due to sequelae of SAH. There was no mortality at six months. Conclusions This technique is safe and effective for the endovascular treatment of difficult wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms, allowing the stable closure of the aneurysm, preserving the parent arteries.
Ultrasonographic examination of the ruptured cord after collagenase treatment or needle fasciotomy for Dupuytren’s contracture
Authors: Strömberg J. , Vanek P. , Fridén J. , Aurell Y. 
Published: June 2017

Local treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture, either by collagenase or needle fasciotomy, allows disruption of the pathological cord during forced extension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cord before and after both treatments by ultrasound. A total of 39 patients with a minimum of 20° contracture in the metacarpophalangeal joint were included and randomized to treatment with either collagenase (20 patients) or needle fasciotomy (19 patients). The distance between the distal and the proximal parts of the ruptured cord was measured by ultrasound and the difference in passive joint movement before and after treatment was measured with a goniomenter. There were no significant differences between the collagenase and needle fasciotomy groups in the size of the rupture or gain of mobility. Most cords treated with collagenase and subsequent forced extension had the same ultrasonographic appearance as cords disrupted mechanically by needle fasciotomy. Level of evidence: III
S100-A9 protein in exosomes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells promotes NF-κB activity during disease progression
Authors: Prieto Daniel , Sotelo Natalia , Seija Noé , Sernbo Sandra , Abreu Cecilia , Durán Rosario , Gil Magdalena , Sicco Estefanía , Irigoin Victoria , Oliver Carolina , Landoni Ana Inés , Gabus Raúl , Dighiero Guillermo , Oppezzo Pablo 
Published: June 2017

Key Points
Plasma-derived exosomes from patients with CLL exhibit different protein cargo compositions depending on disease status and progression. S100-A9 protein is overexpressed and S100-A9 cargo in exosomes activates NF-κB pathway in patients with CLL during disease progression.
Development of an objective gene expression panel as an alternative to self-reported symptom scores in human influenza challenge trials
Authors: Muller Julius , Parizotto Eneida , Antrobus Richard , Francis James , Bunce Campbell , Stranks Amanda , Nichols Marshall , McClain Micah , Hill Adrian V. S. , Ramasamy Adaikalavan , Gilbert Sarah C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background
Influenza challenge trials are important for vaccine efficacy testing. Currently, disease severity is determined by self-reported scores to a list of symptoms which can be highly subjective. A more objective measure would allow for improved data analysis.

Methods
Twenty-one volunteers participated in an influenza challenge trial. We calculated the daily sum of scores (DSS) for a list of 16 influenza symptoms. Whole blood collected at baseline and 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post challenge was profiled on Illumina HT12v4 microarrays. Changes in gene expression most strongly correlated with DSS were selected to train a Random Forest model and tested on two independent test sets consisting of 41 individuals profiled on a different microarray platform and 33 volunteers assayed by qRT-PCR.

Results
1456 probes are significantly associated with DSS at 1% false discovery rate. We selected 19 genes with the largest fold change to train a random forest model. We observed good concordance between predicted and actual scores in the first test set (r = 0.57; RMSE = −16.1%) with the greatest agreement achieved on samples collected approximately 72 h post challenge. Therefore, we assayed samples collected at baseline and 72 h post challenge in the second test set by qRT-PCR and observed good concordance (r = 0.81; RMSE = −36.1%).

Conclusions
We developed a 19-gene qRT-PCR panel to predict DSS, validated on two independent datasets. A transcriptomics based panel could provide a more objective measure of symptom scoring in future influenza challenge studies.
Trial registration Samples were obtained from a clinical trial with the ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02014870, first registered on December 5, 2013
Problem Management Plus (PM+) in the management of common mental disorders in a specialized mental healthcare facility in Pakistan; study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hamdani Syed Usman , Ahmed Zainab , Sijbrandij Marit , Nazir Huma , Masood Aqsa , Akhtar Parveen , Amin Hania , Bryant Richard A. , Dawson Katie , van Ommeren Mark , Rahman Atif , Minhas Fareed Aslam 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed Problem Management Plus (PM+), a 5-session, psychological intervention program delivered by trained non-specialist that addresses common mental disorders. The objectives of this study are to evaluate effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PM+ in a specialized mental health care facility in Pakistan.

Methods
A single blind individual randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be carried out in the outpatient department of a specialized mental healthcare facility in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. After informed consent, patients with high psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire-12 (score >2) and functional impairment (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 score >16) will be randomised to PM+ plus treatment as usual (n = 96) or TAU only (n = 96). The primary outcome is the psychological distress, measured by levels of anxiety and depression on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and improvement in functioning as measured by WHODAS at 20 weeks after baseline. Secondary outcomes include improvement in symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, levels of social support and cost effectiveness evaluation. Qualitative interviews will be conducted to evaluate the process of implementing PM+ including barriers and facilitators in implementation and possibility of integration of PM+ program in specialized mental health care facilities in Pakistan.

Discussion
The results of this study will be helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of the approach of training non specialists, based in the specialized mental health care facilities in delivering evidence based psychological interventions in the low resource settings.
Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616000381482. Registered Retrospectively on March 23, 2016
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Dynamically Increases Nocturnal Plasma Free Fatty Acids, Glucose, and Cortisol During Sleep
Authors: Chopra Swati , Rathore Aman , Younas Haris , Pham Luu V , Gu Chenjuan , Beselman Aleksandra , Kim Il-Young , Wolfe Robert R , Perin Jamie , Polotsky Vsevolod Y , Jun Jonathan C 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Context
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This association may be related to metabolic changes that transpire during sleep in OSA.

Objective
To examine the impact of OSA, elicited by cessation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), on frequently sampled nocturnal metabolic markers including plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TGs), cortisol, and lactate, as well as glucose production, oral glucose tolerance, blood pressure (BP), endothelial function, cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

Design and Setting
Randomized crossover trial of CPAP vs CPAP withdrawal.

Patients
Thirty-one patients with moderate to severe OSA acclimated to CPAP.

Intervention
Patients underwent attended polysomnography while sleeping with therapeutic CPAP, or after CPAP withdrawal, in random order. Venous blood was sampled at ∼20-minute intervals on both nights. In 11 patients, we assessed glucose kinetics with an infusion of 6,6-[2H2]glucose.

Results
CPAP withdrawal caused recurrence of OSA associated with hypoxemia, sleep disruption, and heart rate (HR) elevation. CPAP withdrawal dynamically increased nocturnal FFA (P = 0.007), glucose (P = 0.028), and cortisol (P = 0.037), in proportion to respiratory event frequency, HR elevation, or sleep fragmentation. Diabetes predisposed to glucose elevation. CPAP withdrawal also increased systolic BP (P = 0.017) and augmentation index (P = 0.008), but did not affect insulin, TGs, glucose production, oral glucose tolerance, cholesterol, or hsCRP.

Conclusion
OSA recurrence during CPAP withdrawal increases FFA and glucose during sleep, associated with sympathetic and adrenocortical activation. Recurring exposure to these metabolic changes may foster diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Chemistry Can Make Strict and Fuzzy Controls for Bio-Systems: DNA Nanoarchitectonics and Cell-Macromolecular Nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Komiyama Makoto , Yoshimoto Keitaro , Sisido Masahiko , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this review, we introduce two kinds of bio-related nanoarchitectonics, DNA nanoarchitectonics and cell-macromolecular nanoarchitectonics, both of which are basically controlled by chemical strategies. The former DNA-based approach would represent the precise nature of the nanoarchitectonics based on the strict or “digital” molecular recognition between nucleic bases. This part includes functionalization of single DNAs by chemical means, modification of the main-chain or side-chain bases to achieve stronger DNA binding, DNA aptamers and DNAzymes. It also includes programmable assemblies of DNAs (DNA Origami) and their applications for delivery of drugs to target sites in vivo, sensing in vivo, and selective labeling of biomaterials in cells and in animals. In contrast to the digital molecular recognition between nucleic bases, cell membrane assemblies and their interaction with macromolecules are achieved through rather generic and “analog” interactions such as hydrophobic effects and electrostatic forces. This cell-macromolecular nanoarchitectonics is discussed in the latter part of this review. This part includes bottom-up and top-down approaches for constructing highly organized cell-architectures with macromolecules, for regulating cell adhesion pattern and their functions in two-dimension, for generating three-dimensional cell architectures on micro-patterned surfaces, and for building synthetic/natural macromolecular modified hybrid biointerfaces.
Probability Forecasts Made at Multiple Lead Times
Authors: Regnier Eva 
Published: June 2017

Many probability forecasts are revised as new information becomes available, generating a time series of forecasts for a single event. Although methods for evaluating probability forecasts have been extensively studied, they apply to a single forecast per event. This paper is the first to evaluate probability forecasts that are made—and therefore revised—at many lead times for a single event. I postulate a norm for multi-period probability-forecasting systems and derive properties that should hold regardless of the forecasting process. I use these properties to develop methods for evaluating a forecasting system based on a sample. I apply these methods to the National Hurricane Center’s wind-speed probability forecasts and to statistical election forecasts, finding evidence that both can be improved using the current set of predictors.This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
Fostering Inclusion of Students With Significant Cognitive Disabilities by Using Learning Map Models and Map-Based Assessments
Authors: Kingston Neal M. , Karvonen Meagan , Thompson James R. , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Shogren Karrie A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Although there is widespread agreement among both special education experts and general classroom teachers that students with significant cognitive disabilities should participate in inclusive classrooms, most teachers report that they do not know how to do this effectively. One of the challenge teachers face is figuring out how to focus on grade-level expectations, but in a way that is appropriate for all students in such diverse classrooms. The use of learning map models, as exemplified by the Dynamic Learning Maps Alternate Assessment, holds promise as a tool to help teachers in inclusive classrooms.
New Silk Road artworlds: The art of the hybrid and the marginal at the Xinjiang Contemporary Art Museum
Authors: Byler Darren 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Since the early 2000s many second-tier Chinese cities have begun to cultivate contemporary art scenes. Ürümchi, the capital city of the north-west province of Xinjiang, is no exception. Following Xi Jinping’s announcement of the New Silk Road Economic Belt in 2013, a group of artists from the city received support from the Xinjiang Cultural Ministry to transform a decommissioned government building into the Xinjiang Contemporary Art Museum. Many of the exhibitions hosted in the space focus not only on themes of Silk Road revitalization but also representations of migration, frontier marginalization and the spectacle of rapid capitalist development. One outcome of this is the emergence of contemporary art rooted in the ‘hybrid’ traditions of Uyghur artists. In addition, a school of Han migrant documentary photography and figurative painting, which the art critic, curator and painter Zeng Qunkai has called ‘black and white marginality’, has begun to emerge.
“Chick Noir”: Shopaholic Meets Double Indemnity
Authors: Kennedy Victoria 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In early 2014, several articles appeared proclaiming the rise to prominence of a new subgenre of the crime novel: “chick noir,” which included popular books like Gone Girl, The Silent Wife, and Before We Met. However, there was also resistance to the new genre label from critics who viewed it as belittling to women’s writing and to female-focused narratives. Indeed, the separation of female-centred books - whether “chick lit” or “chick noir” - from mainstream fiction remains highly problematic and reflects the persistence of a gendered literary hierarchy. However, as this paper suggests, the label “chick noir” also reflects the fact that in these novels the crime thriller has been revitalized through cross-pollination with the so-called chick lit novel. I contend that chick lit and chick noir are two narrative forms addressing many of the same concerns relating to the modern woman, offering two different responses: humour and horror. Comparing the features of chick noir to those of chick lit and noir crime fiction, I suggest that chick noir may be read as a manifestation of feminist anger and anxiety - responses to the contemporary pressure to be “wonder women.”
Bloody Women: How Female Authors Have Transformed the Scottish Contemporary Crime Fiction Genre
Authors: Hill Lorna 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study will explore the role of female authors in contemporary Scottish crime fiction. Over the past thirty years, women writers have overhauled the traditionally male dominated genre of crime fiction by writing about strong female characters who drive the plot and solve the crimes. Authors including Val McDermid, Denise Mina and Lin Anderson are just a few of the women who have challenged the expectation of gender and genre. By setting their novels in contemporary society they reflect a range of social and political issues through the lens of a female protagonist. By closely examining the female characters, both journalists, in Val McDermid’s Lindsay Gordon series and Denise Mina’s Paddy Meehan series, I wish to explore the issue of gender through these writers’ perspectives.
This essay documents the influence of these writers on my own practice-based research which involves writing a crime novel set in a post referendum Scotland. I examine a progressive and contemporary Scottish society, where women hold many senior positions in public life, and investigate whether this has an effect on the outcome of crimes. Through this narrative, my main character will focus on the current and largely hidden crimes of human trafficking and domestic abuse. By doing this I examine the ways in which the modern crime novel has evolved to cross genre boundaries. In addition to focusing on a crime, the victims and witnesses, today’s crime novels are tackling social issues to reflect society’s changing attitudes and values.
Testing of resveratrol microemulsion photostability and protective effect against UV induced oxidative stress
Authors: Juškaitė Vaida , Ramanauskienė Kristina , Briedis Vitalis 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Resveratrol is well known for its antioxidant activity and susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation. Development of formulations providing improved stability and relevant drug delivery of resveratrol is still a challenging task. The aim of this study was to determine protective characteristics of formulated microemulsions by evaluating photoisomerization of resveratrol and to investigate the effects of resveratrol on human keratinocyte cells under oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet radiation. Incorporation of resveratrol into microemulsions resulted in increased photostability of active compounds and the results demonstrated that photodegradation of resveratrol was significantly delayed. Results of biopharmaceutical evaluation in vitro demonstrated that up to 60 % of resveratrol was released from microemulsions within 6 hours under a constant release rate profile. In vivo biological testing confirmed the ability of resveratrol to protect cells from oxidative stress and to increase cell viability. It was concluded that microemulsions might be considered in the development of UV light sensitive compounds.
Patterning roadmap: 2017 prospects
Authors: Neisser Mark 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Road mapping of semiconductor chips has been underway for over 20 years, first with the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) roadmap and now with the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) roadmap. The original roadmap was mostly driven bottom up and was developed to ensure that the large numbers of semiconductor producers and suppliers had good information to base their research and development on. The current roadmap is generated more top-down, where the customers of semiconductor chips anticipate what will be needed in the future and the roadmap projects what will be needed to fulfill that demand. The More Moore section of the roadmap projects that advanced logic will drive higher-resolution patterning, rather than memory chips. Potential solutions for patterning future logic nodes can be derived as extensions of ‘next-generation’ patterning technologies currently under development. Advanced patterning has made great progress, and two ‘next-generation’ patterning technologies, EUV and nanoimprint lithography, have potential to be in production as early as 2018. The potential adoption of two different next-generation patterning technologies suggests that patterning technology is becoming more specialized. This is good for the industry in that it lowers overall costs, but may lead to slower progress in extending any one patterning technology in the future.
Processing of Digital Plates1.2m of Baldone Observatory Schmidt Telescope
Authors: Eglitis Ilgmars , Andruk Vitaly 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate accuracy of Plate Processing Method and to perform a detailed study of the Epson Expression 10000XL scanner, which was used to digitize plates from the database collection of the 1.2 m Schmidt Telescope installed in the Baldone Observatory. Special software developed in LINUX/MIDAS/ROMAFOT environment was used for processing the scans. Results of the digitized files with grey gradations of 8- and 16-bits were compared; an estimation of the accuracy of the developed method for rectangular coordinates determination and photometry was made. Errors in the instrumental system are ±0.026 pixels and ±0.024m for coordinates and stellar magnitudes respectively. To evaluate the repeatability of the scanner’s astrometric and photometric errors, six consecutive scans of one plate were processed with a spatial separation of 1200 dpi. The following error estimations are obtained for stars brighter than U< 13.5m: σxy = ±0.021 to 0.027 pixels and σm = ±0.014m to 0.016m for rectangular coordinates and instrumental stellar magnitudes respectively.