bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear magnetoelectric effect in göthite, α-FeOOH
Authors: Ter-Oganessian N. V. , Guda A. A. , Sakhnenko V. P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBy means of symmetry analysis, density functional theory calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations we show that goethite, α-FeOOH, is a linear magnetoelectric below its Néel temperature TN = 400 K. The experimentally observed magnetic field induced spin-flop phase transition results in either change of direction of electric polarization or its suppression. Estimated value of magnetoelectric coefficient is 0.57 μC · m−2 · T−1. The abundance of goethite in nature makes it arguably the most widespread magnetoelectric material.
Fishing for cures: The alLURE of using zebrafish to develop precision oncology therapies
Authors: Astone Matteo , Dankert Erin N. , Alam Sk. Kayum , Hoeppner Luke H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractZebrafish have proven to be a valuable model to study human cancer biology with the ultimate aim of developing new therapies. Danio rerio are amenable to in vivo imaging, high-throughput drug screening, mutagenesis, and transgenesis, and they share histological and genetic similarities with Homo sapiens. The significance of zebrafish in the field of precision oncology is rapidly emerging. Indeed, modeling cancer in zebrafish has already been used to identify tumor biomarkers, define therapeutic targets and provide an in vivo platform for drug discovery. New zebrafish studies are starting to pave the way to direct individualized clinical applications. Patient-derived cancer cell xenograft models have demonstrated the feasibility of using zebrafish as a real-time avatar of prognosis and drug response to identify the most ideal therapy for an individual patient. Genetic cancer modeling in zebrafish, now facilitated by rapidly evolving genome editing techniques, represents another innovative approach to recapitulate human oncogenesis and develop individualized treatments. Utilizing zebrafish to design customizable precision therapies will improve the clinical outcome of patients afflicted with cancer.
Protocols and characterization data for 2D, 3D, and slice-based tumor models from the PREDECT project
Authors: de Hoogt Ronald , Estrada Marta F. , Vidic Suzana , Davies Emma J. , Osswald Annika , Barbier Michael , Santo Vítor E. , Gjerde Kjersti , van Zoggel Hanneke J. A. A. , Blom Sami , Dong Meng , Närhi Katja , Boghaert Erwin , Brito Catarina , Chong Yolanda , Sommergruber Wolfgang , van der Kuip Heiko , van Weerden Wytske M. , Verschuren Emmy W. , Hickman John , Graeser Ralph 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) culture of cancer cells in vitro does not recapitulate the three-dimensional (3D) architecture, heterogeneity and complexity of human tumors. More representative models are required that better reflect key aspects of tumor biology. These are essential studies of cancer biology and immunology as well as for target validation and drug discovery. The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) consortium PREDECT (www.predect.eu) characterized in vitro models of three solid tumor types with the goal to capture elements of tumor complexity and heterogeneity. 2D culture and 3D mono- and stromal co-cultures of increasing complexity, and precision-cut tumor slice models were established. Robust protocols for the generation of these platforms are described. Tissue microarrays were prepared from all the models, permitting immunohistochemical analysis of individual cells, capturing heterogeneity. 3D cultures were also characterized using image analysis. Detailed step-by-step protocols, exemplary datasets from the 2D, 3D, and slice models, and refined analytical methods were established and are presented.
Comparison of methods for modelling coronal magnetic fields
Authors: Goldstraw E. E. , Hood A. W. , Browning P. K. , Cargill P. J. 
Published: November 2017

Aims. Four different approximate approaches used to model the stressing of coronal magnetic fields due to an imposed photospheric motion are compared with each other and the results from a full time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code. The assumptions used for each of the approximate methods are tested by considering large photospheric footpoint displacements.
Methods. We consider a simple model problem, comparing the full non-linear MHD, determined with the Lare2D numerical code, with four approximate approaches. Two of these, magneto-frictional relaxation and a quasi-1D Grad-Shafranov approach, assume sequences of equilibria, whilst the other two methods, a second-order linearisation of the MHD equations and Reduced MHD, are time dependent.
Results. The relaxation method is very accurate compared to full MHD for force-free equilibria for all footpoint displacements, but has significant errors when the plasma β0 is of order unity. The 1D approach gives an extremely accurate description of the equilibria away from the photospheric boundary layers, and agrees well with Lare2D for all parameter values tested. The linearised MHD equations correctly predict the existence of photospheric boundary layers that are present in the full MHD results. As soon as the footpoint displacement becomes a significant fraction of the loop length, the RMHD method fails to model the sequences of equilibria correctly. The full numerical solution is interesting in its own right, and care must be taken for low β0 plasmas if the viscosity is too high.
Deep convolutional neural networks as strong gravitational lens detectors
Authors: Schaefer C. , Geiger M. , Kuntzer T. , Kneib J.-P. 
Published: November 2017

Context. Future large-scale surveys with high-resolution imaging will provide us with approximately 105 new strong galaxy-scale lenses. These strong-lensing systems will be contained in large data amounts, however, which are beyond the capacity of human experts to visually classify in an unbiased way. Aims. We present a new strong gravitational lens finder based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The method was applied to the strong-lensing challenge organized by the Bologna Lens Factory. It achieved first and third place, respectively, on the space-based data set and the ground-based data set. The goal was to find a fully automated lens finder for ground-based and space-based surveys that minimizes human inspection.
Methods. We compared the results of our CNN architecture and three new variations (“invariant” “views” and “residual”) on the simulated data of the challenge. Each method was trained separately five times on 17 000 simulated images, cross-validated using 3000 images, and then applied to a test set with 100 000 images. We used two different metrics for evaluation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) score, and the recall with no false positive (Recall0FP).
Results. For ground-based data, our best method achieved an AUC score of 0.977 and a Recall0FP of 0.50. For space-based data, our best method achieved an AUC score of 0.940 and a Recall0FP of 0.32. Adding dihedral invariance to the CNN architecture diminished the overall score on space-based data, but achieved a higher no-contamination recall. We found that using committees of five CNNs produced the best recall at zero contamination and consistently scored better AUC than a single CNN.
Conclusions. We found that for every variation of our CNN lensfinder, we achieved AUC scores close to 1 within 6%. A deeper network did not outperform simpler CNN models either. This indicates that more complex networks are not needed to model the simulated lenses. To verify this, more realistic lens simulations with more lens-like structures (spiral galaxies or ring galaxies) are needed to compare the performance of deeper and shallower networks.
TheGaia-ESO Survey: open clusters inGaia-DR1
Authors: Randich S. , Tognelli E. , Jackson R. , Jeffries R. D. , Degl’Innocenti S. , Pancino E. , Fiorentin P. Re , Spagna A. , Sacco G. , Bragaglia A. , Magrini L. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Alfaro E. , Franciosini E. , Morbidelli L. , Roccatagliata V. , Bouy H. , Bravi L. , Jiménez-Esteban F. M. , Jordi C. , Zari E. , Tautvaišiene G. , Drazdauskas A. , Mikolaitis S. , Gilmore G. , Feltzing S. , Vallenari A. , Bensby T. , Koposov S. , Korn A. , Lanzafame A. , Smiljanic R. , Bayo A. , Carraro G. , Costado M. T. , Heiter U. , Hourihane A. , Jofré P. , Lewis J. , Monaco L. , Prisinzano L. , Sbordone L. , Sousa S. G. , Worley C. C. , Zaggia S. 
Published: November 2017

Context.Determination and calibration of the ages of stars, which heavily rely on stellar evolutionary models, are very challenging, while representing a crucial aspect in many astrophysical areas.Aims.We describe the methodologies that, taking advantage ofGaia-DR1 and theGaia-ESO Survey data, enable the comparison of observed open star cluster sequences with stellar evolutionary models. The final, long-term goal is the exploitation of open clusters as age calibrators.Methods.We perform a homogeneous analysis of eight open clusters using theGaia-DR1 TGAS catalogue for bright members and information from theGaia-ESO Survey for fainter stars. Cluster membership probabilities for theGaia-ESO Survey targets are derived based on several spectroscopic tracers. TheGaia-ESO Survey also provides the cluster chemical composition. We obtain cluster parallaxes using two methods. The first one relies on the astrometric selection of a sample of bona fide members, while the other one fits the parallax distribution of a larger sample of TGAS sources. Ages and reddening values are recovered through a Bayesian analysis using the 2MASS magnitudes and three sets of standard models. Lithium depletion boundary (LDB) ages are also determined using literature observations and the same models employed for the Bayesian analysis.Results.For all but one cluster, parallaxes derived by us agree with those presented in Gaia Collaboration (2017, A&A, 601, A19), while a discrepancy is found for NGC 2516; we provide evidence supporting our own determination. Inferred cluster ages are robust against models and are generally consistent with literature values.Conclusions.The systematic parallax errors inherent in theGaiaDR1 data presently limit the precision of our results. Nevertheless, we have been able to place these eight clusters onto the same age scale for the first time, with good agreement between isochronal and LDB ages where there is overlap. Our approach appears promising and demonstrates the potential of combiningGaiaand ground-based spectroscopic datasets.
The intrinsic shape of bulges in the CALIFA survey
Authors: Costantin L. , Méndez-Abreu J. , Corsini E. M. , Eliche-Moral M. C. , Tapia T. , Morelli L. , Dalla Bontà E. , Pizzella A. 
Published: November 2017

Context.The intrinsic shape of galactic bulges in nearby galaxies provides crucial information to separate bulge types.Aims.We aim to derive accurate constraints to the intrinsic shape of bulges to provide new clues on their formation mechanisms and set new limitations for future simulations.Methods.We retrieved the intrinsic shape of a sample of CALIFA bulges using a statistical approach. Taking advantage of GalMer numerical simulations of binary mergers we estimated the reliability of the procedure. Analyzing thei-band mock images of resulting lenticular remnants, we studied the intrinsic shape of their bulges at different galaxy inclinations. Finally, we introduced a new (B/A,C/A) diagram to analyze possible correlations between the intrinsic shape and the properties of bulges.Results.We tested the method on simulated lenticular remnants, finding that for galaxies with inclinations of 25° ≤θ≤ 65° we can safely derive the intrinsic shape of their bulges. We found that our CALIFA bulges tend to be nearly oblate systems (66%), with a smaller fraction of prolate spheroids (19%), and triaxial ellipsoids (15%). The majority of triaxial bulges are in barred galaxies (75%). Moreover, we found that bulges with low Sérsic indices or in galaxies with low bulge-to-total luminosity ratios form a heterogeneous class of objects; additionally, bulges in late-type galaxies or in less massive galaxies have no preference for being oblate, prolate, or triaxial. On the contrary, bulges with high Sérsic index, in early-type galaxies, or in more massive galaxies are mostly oblate systems.Conclusions.We concluded that various evolutionary pathways may coexist in galaxies, with merging events and dissipative collapse being the main mechanisms driving the formation of the most massive oblate bulges and bar evolution reshaping the less massive triaxial bulges.
Possible systematics in the VLBI catalogs as seen from Gaia
Authors: Liu N. , Zhu Z. , Liu J.-C. 
Published: November 2017

Aims. In order to investigate the systematic errors in the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) positions of extragalactic sources (quasars) and the global differences between Gaia and VLBI catalogs, we use the first data release of Gaia (Gaia DR1) quasar positions as the reference and study the positional offsets of the second realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF2) and the Goddard VLBI solution 2016a (gsf2016a) catalogs.
Methods. We select a sample of 1032 common sources among three catalogs and adopt two methods to represent the systematics: considering the differential orientation (offset) and declination bias; analyzing with the vector spherical harmonics (VSH) functions.
Results. Between two VLBI catalogs and Gaia DR1, we find that: i) the estimated orientation is consistent with the alignment accuracy of Gaia DR1 to ICRF, of ~0.1 mas, but the southern and northern hemispheres show opposite orientations; ii) the declination bias in the southern hemisphere between Gaia DR1 and ICRF2 is estimated to be +152 μas, much larger than that between Gaia DR1 and gsf2016a which is +34 μas. Between two VLBI catalogs, we find that: i) the rotation component shows that ICRF2 and gsf2016a are generally consistent within 30 μas; ii) the glide component and quadrupole component report two declination-dependent offsets: dipolar deformation of ~+50 μas along the Z-axis, and quadrupolar deformation of ~−50 μas that would induce a pattern of sin2δ.
Conclusions. The significant declination bias between Gaia DR1 and ICRF2 catalogs reported in previous studies is possibly attributed to the systematic errors of ICRF2 in the southern hemisphere. The global differences between ICRF2 and gsf2016a catalogs imply that possible, mainly declination-dependent systematics exit in the VLBI positions and need further investigations in the future Gaia data release and the next generation of ICRF.
Whole-body Cryotherapy as a Recovery Technique after Exercise: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Rose Catriona , Edwards Kate , Siegler Jason , Graham Kenneth , Caillaud Corinne 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis review aims to evaluate the current body of literature investigating the effect of whole body cryotherapy on recovery after exercise. A systematic search was conducted to investigate the effect of whole body cryotherapy (WBC, exposure to temperatures between −110 to −190°C) on markers of recovery after damaging exercise in healthy, physically active subjects. Of the 16 eligible articles extracted, ten induced muscle damage using controlled exercise in a laboratory setting, while six induced damage during sport-specific training. Results indicated that muscle pain was reduced in 80% of studies following WBC. Two applied studies found recovery of athletic capacity and performance with WBC improved, variables of this nature were also improved in 71% of studies using controlled exercise. Further benefits of WBC treatment included reduction of systemic inflammation and lower concentrations of markers for muscle cell damage. These results suggest that WBC may improve recovery from muscle damage, with multiple exposures more consistently exhibiting improvements in recovery from pain, loss of muscle function, and markers of inflammation and damage. The diversity in muscle damage protocols, exposure timing with regards to exercise, as well as temperatures, duration and frequencies of exposure, make specific recommendations preliminary at present.
Resting Autonomic Function in Active and Insufficiently Active People Living with HIV
Authors: Quiles Norberto , Garber Carol , Ciccolo Joseph 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAutonomic dysfunction appears to be prevalent in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, there are limited data on the resting autonomic responses to exercise in active and insufficiently active PLWHA. We aimed to determine whether active PLWHA have better autonomic responses compared with insufficiently active PLWHA. Active PLWHA receiving anti-retroviral therapy (n=13) and insufficiently active PLWHA (n=10) were recruited. A 10-min recording of the supine electrocardiogram was taken. Resting heart rate variability was analyzed from this electrocardiogram. Parasympathetic modulation, as measured by high frequency power in normalized units, was greater in active PLWHA when compared to insufficiently active PLWHA (41.0±15.6 vs. 25.2±9.7; p<0.05). Sympathetic modulation as measured by low frequency power in normalized units was greater in insufficiently active PLWHA when compared to active PLWHA (55.6±15.8 vs 79.3±17.5; p<0.05). Sympathovagal balance as measured by low frequency/high frequency ratio was greater in insufficiently active PLWHA when compared to active PLWHA (3.4±1.8 vs 1.6±0.9; p<0.05), indicating greater parasympathetic dominance in the active group. In conclusion, PLWHA who regularly exercised demonstrated enhanced autonomic function compared with insufficiently active PLWHA. These results suggest that exercise is associated with enhanced autonomic function, and may improve cardiovascular risk.
Alles kann, nichts muss
Authors: Dißmann Steffen 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Autismus Wenn Kinder autistische Symptome zeigen, empfiehlt es sich, so offen und unvoreingenommen wie möglich hinzuschauen. Denn
generell gilt: Alles kann und nichts muss. Nicht jeder Verdacht muss in einer Diagnose münden und nicht jede Diagnose ist leicht zu
erkennen. Allerdings gibt es Beobachtungskriterien, die der Diagnosefindung zweckdienlich sein können – wir stellen sie Ihnen vor.
Discovery of Novel Thiazol-2-Amines and Their Analogues as Bioactive Molecules: Design, Synthesis, Docking and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Verma Anil , Bishnoi Abha , Fatma Shaheen , Parveen Huda , Singh Vineeta 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA simple and highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of novel thiazol-2-amines, via Mannich reaction with secondary amines, is described. The newly synthesized derivatives 8(a-e) and 9(a-e) were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, Mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. All the derivatives were evaluated for their in-vitro anti-microbial activity against a panel of pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi. The SAR showed that the secondary amines had a significant impact on the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of this class of agents. The most potent analogue N-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-N-(2(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-amine (8c) showed excellent inhibition with MIC (zoi) 6.25 (22.5), 25 (21.5) and 25 (18) µg/mL against E. coli, S. typhi and P. aeruginosa respectively as compared to the standard drug. Molecular docking results suggest that compound exhibited inhibitory activity by binding of the title compound within the active sites of the inhibiting Enoyl ACP reductase, Lipid A, Pyridoxal kinase and type I DHQase enzymes. The compound exhibited promising anti-microbial activity which can be further explored as potential lead for the development of cheaper, safe, effective and potent drugs against resistant microbial parasites.
CT and MRI Findings in Cerebral Aspergilloma
Authors: Gärtner Friederike , Forstenpointner Julia , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Hooshmand Babak , Riedel Christian , Jansen Olav 
Published: November 2017

Purpose Invasive aspergillosis usually affects immunocompromised patients. It carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality and usually has a nonspecific clinical presentation. Early diagnosis is essential in order to start effective treatment and improve clinical outcome.
Materials and Methods In a retrospective search of the PACS databases from two medical centers, we identified 9 patients with histologically proven cerebral aspergilloma. We systematically analyzed CT and MRI imaging findings to identify typical imaging appearances of cerebral aspergilloma.
Results CT did not show a typical appearance of the aspergillomas. In 100 % (9/9) there was a rim-attenuated diffusion restriction on MRI imaging. Multiple hypointense layers in the aspergillus wall, especially on the internal side, were detected in 100 % on T2-weighted imaging (9/9). Aspergillomas were T1-hypointense in 66 % of cases (6/9) and partly T1-hyperintense in 33 % (3/9). In 78 % (7/9) of cases, a rim-attenuated diffusion restriction was detected after contrast agent application.
Conclusion Nine cases were identified. Whereas CT features were less typical, we observed the following imaging features on MRI: A strong, rim-attenuated diffusion restriction (9/9); onion layer-like hypointense zones, in particular in the innermost part of the abscess wall on T2-weighted images (9/9). Enhancement of the lesion border was present in the majority of the cases (7/9).
Key points
Citation Format
CO2-Angiografie
Authors: Mensel Birger 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDiagnostische und interventionelle Prozeduren mit jodhaltigen Kontrastmitteln werden deutschlandweit mit unterschiedlichsten Indikationen
flächendeckend eingesetzt. Auch aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung nimmt die Zahl der Patienten mit Kontraindikationen, genannt sei
hier die große Gruppe der Patienten mit einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz, für eine intravasale Gabe von jodhaltigen Kontrastmitteln zu.
Eine weit verbreitete Alternative stellen CO2-geführte Eingriffe dar. CO2 ist nicht nephrotoxisch, nicht allergen und
zeigt keine Wechselwirkungen im Schilddrüsenstoffwechsel. Bis auf die Anwendung am zerebralen und kardialen Gefäßsystem kann CO2
die jodhaltigen Kontrastmittel fast komplett ersetzen. Vorsicht ist bei Patienten mit einer respiratorischen Insuffizienz geboten. Die
Nebenwirkungsrate ist gering. Die Bildqualität CO2-geführter Angiografien ist mit der jodhaltiger Kontrastmittel vergleichbar. Da
die Handhabung für den Anwender aber etwas komplexer und zeitaufwendiger ist, sollte es nur bei indizierten Fällen zum Einsatz kommen.
Gerade Patienten mit nephrologischen Erkrankungen und der häufigen Mitbeteiligung des kardiovaskulären Systems profitieren von der
Möglichkeit CO2-geführter Angiografien.
Impact of Truncated Area on Point Estimate and Intra-Subject Variability in Bioequivalence of Dutasteride with Long Half-Life
Authors: Prasaja Budi , Harahap Yahdiana , Lusthom Windy , Yumi Lia , Sofiana Anna , Sandra Monica , Safira Falah , Chilmi Uci 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of using truncated area under the curve (AUC0-72) on bioequivalence of dutasteride with long half-life in point estimate and intra-subject variability.
Methods Fifteen subjects were enrolled in this single-dose, open-label, randomized two-way crossover design following an overnight fasting with five-week washout period. Plasma samples were collected to 72 h and 144 h following drug administration and dutasteride were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. The pharmacokinetic parameters for bioequivalence assessment were AUC0-72 and AUC0-144.
Results The estimated point and the 90% confidence intervals were 91.07% (84.54–98.11%) for AUC0-72 and 91.43% (84.65–98.75%) for AUC0-144, that is, within the ranges for acceptance of bioequivalence. The intra-subject variability’s were 11.45% for AUC0-72 and 11.87% for AUC0-144.

Conclusions There was no statistically significant difference in point estimated and intra-subject variability between truncated AUC at 72 h and 144=h and the truncated AUC (AUC0-72) approach could be considered for bioequivalence assessment for dutasteride.