bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MANAJEMEN LIKUIDITAS LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO SYARIAH NON BANK (BMT) DENGAN AKAD TAWARRUQ
Authors: Susilo Edi 
Published: November 2017

Non-bank Islamic microfinance institutions (BMT) are legal entity Cooperative have no instrument to fulfill liquidity needs as Islamic banking. Whereas the BMT should provide liquidity fund for the partners / members at any time. This article uses descriptive analytical method, to understand deeply the Tawarruq contract as liquidity management solutions Non-bank Islamic Microfinance Institutions (BMT). The results show the Tawarruq contract can be revitalized by necessity of the present to fulfill the liquidity needs of Non-bank Islamic Microfinance Institutions (BMT). Keywords: Tawarruq, Islamic Microfinance Institutions, BMT
Aerosol Constraints on the Atmosphere of the Hot Saturn-mass Planet WASP-49b
Authors: Cubillos Patricio E. , Fossati Luca , Erkaev Nikolai V. , Malik Matej , Tokano Tetsuya , Lendl Monika , Johnstone Colin P. , Lammer Helmut , Wyttenbach Aurélien 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The strong, nearly wavelength-independent absorption cross section of aerosols produces featureless exoplanet transmission spectra, limiting our ability to characterize their atmospheres. Here, we show that even in the presence of featureless spectra, we can still characterize certain atmospheric properties. Specifically, we constrain the upper and lower pressure boundaries of aerosol layers, and present plausible composition candidates. We study the case of the bloated Saturn-mass planet WASP-49 b, where near-infrared observations reveal a flat transmission spectrum between 0.7 and 1.0 μm. First, we use a hydrodynamic upper-atmosphere code to estimate the pressure reached by the ionizing stellar high-energy photons at

bar, setting the upper pressure boundary where aerosols could exist. Then, we combine HELIOS and Pyrat Bay radiative-transfer models to constrain the temperature and photospheric pressure of atmospheric aerosols, in a Bayesian framework. For WASP-49 b, we constrain the transmission photosphere (hence, the aerosol deck boundaries) to pressures above

bar (100× solar metallicity),

bar (solar), and

bar (0.1× solar) as the lower boundary, and below

bar as the upper boundary. Lastly, we compare condensation curves of aerosol compounds with the planet’s pressure-temperature profile to identify plausible condensates responsible for the absorption. Under these circumstances, we find these candidates:

(at 100× solar metallicity); Cr and MnS (at solar and 0.1× solar); and forsterite, enstatite, and alabandite (at 0.1× solar).
The Structure of the Broad-line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Dynamical Modeling of Data From the AGN10 Reverberation Mapping Campaign
Authors: Grier C. J. , Pancoast A. , Barth A. J. , Fausnaugh M. M. , Brewer B. J. , Treu T. , Peterson B. M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present inferences on the geometry and kinematics of the broad-Hβ line-emitting region in four active galactic nuclei monitored as part of the fall 2010 reverberation mapping campaign at MDM Observatory led by the Ohio State University. From modeling the continuum variability and response in emission-line profile changes as a function of time, we infer the geometry of the Hβ-emitting broad-line regions (BLRs) to be thick disks that are close to face-on to the observer with kinematics that are well-described by either elliptical orbits or inflowing gas. We measure the black hole mass to be

for Mrk 335,

for Mrk 1501,

for 3C 120, and

for PG 2130+099. These black hole mass measurements are not based on a particular assumed value of the virial scale factor f, allowing us to compute individual f factors for each target. Our results nearly double the number of targets that have been modeled in this manner, and we investigate the properties of a more diverse sample by including previously modeled objects. We measure an average scale factor

in the entire sample of

when the line dispersion is used to characterize the line width, which is consistent with the values derived using the normalization of the

–σ relation. We find that the scale factor f for individual targets is likely correlated with the black hole mass, inclination angle, and opening angle of the BLR, but we do not find any correlation with the luminosity.
Disentangling the Radio Emission of the Supernova Remnant W51C
Authors: Zhang M. F. , Tian W. W. , Leahy D. A. , Zhu H. , Cui X. H. , Shan S. S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We simulate the evolution of supernova remnant (SNR) W51C. The simulation shows the existence of a new northeast edge. We present the magnetic field structure of the W51 complex (SNR W51C and two H ii regions W51A/B) by employing the 11 cm survey data of Effelsberg. This new edge is identified and overlaps with W51A along the line of sight, which gives a new angular diameter of about 37′ for the quasi-circular remnant. In addition, we assemble the OH spectral lines (1612/1665/1720 MHz) toward the complex by employing the newly released THOR (The HI OH Recombination line survey of Milky Way) data. We find that the known 1720 MHz OH maser in the W51B/C overlap area is located away from the detected 1612/1665 MHz absorption region. The latter is sitting at the peak of the H ii region G49.2-0.35 within W51B.
The VMC Survey. XXVII. Young Stellar Structures in the LMC’s Bar Star-forming Complex
Authors: Sun Ning-Chen , Grijs Richard de , Subramanian Smitha , Bekki Kenji , Bell Cameron P. M. , Cioni Maria-Rosa L. , Ivanov Valentin D. , Marconi Marcella , Oliveira Joana M. , Piatti Andrés E. , Ripepi Vincenzo , Rubele Stefano , Tatton Ben L. , Loon Jacco Th. van 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Star formation is a hierarchical process, forming young stellar structures of star clusters, associations, and complexes over a wide range of scales. The star-forming complex in the bar region of the Large Magellanic Cloud is investigated with upper main-sequence stars observed by the VISTA Survey of the Magellanic Clouds. The upper main-sequence stars exhibit highly nonuniform distributions. Young stellar structures inside the complex are identified from the stellar density map as density enhancements of different significance levels. We find that these structures are hierarchically organized such that larger, lower-density structures contain one or several smaller, higher-density ones. They follow power-law size and mass distributions, as well as a lognormal surface density distribution. All these results support a scenario of hierarchical star formation regulated by turbulence. The temporal evolution of young stellar structures is explored by using subsamples of upper main-sequence stars with different magnitude and age ranges. While the youngest subsample, with a median age of log(τ/yr) = 7.2, contains the most substructure, progressively older ones are less and less substructured. The oldest subsample, with a median age of log(τ/yr) = 8.0, is almost indistinguishable from a uniform distribution on spatial scales of 30–300 pc, suggesting that the young stellar structures are completely dispersed on a timescale of ∼100 Myr. These results are consistent with the characteristics of the 30 Doradus complex and the entire Large Magellanic Cloud, suggesting no significant environmental effects. We further point out that the fractal dimension may be method dependent for stellar samples with significant age spreads.
The Outer Halo of the Milky Way as Probed by RR Lyr Variables from the Palomar Transient Facility*
Authors: Cohen Judith G. , Sesar Branimir , Bahnolzer Sophianna , He Kevin , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Prince Thomas A. , Bellm Eric , Laher Russ R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
RR Lyrae stars are ideal massless tracers that can be used to study the total mass and dark matter content of the outer halo of the Milky Way (MW). This is because they are easy to find in the light-curve databases of large stellar surveys and their distances can be determined with only knowledge of the light curve. We present here a sample of 112 RR Lyr stars beyond 50 kpc in the outer halo of the MW, excluding the Sgr streams, for which we have obtained moderate-resolution spectra with Deimos on the Keck II Telescope. Four of these have distances exceeding 100 kpc. These were selected from a much larger set of 447 candidate RR Lyr stars that were data-mined using machine-learning techniques applied to the light curves of variable stars in the Palomar Transient Facility database. The observed radial velocities taken at the phase of the variable corresponding to the time of observation were converted to systemic radial velocities in the Galactic standard of rest. From our sample of 112 RR Lyr stars we determine the radial velocity dispersion in the outer halo of the MW to be ∼90 km s−1 at 50 kpc, falling to about 65 km s−1 near 100 kpc once a small number of major outliers are removed. With reasonable estimates of the completeness of our sample of 447 candidates and assuming a spherical halo, we find that the stellar density in the outer halo declines as

.
Very Compact Millimeter Sizes for Composite Star-forming/AGN Submillimeter Galaxies
Authors: Ikarashi Soh , Caputi Karina I , Ohta Kouji , Ivison R. J. , Lagos Claudia D. P , Bisigello Laura , Hatsukade Bunyo , Aretxaga Itziar , Dunlop James S , Hughes David H , Iono Daisuke , Izumi Takuma , Kashikawa Nobunari , Koyama Yusei , Kawabe Ryohei , Kohno Kotaro , Motohara Kentaro , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Tamura Yoichi , Umehata Hideki , Wilson Grant W , Yabe Kiyoto , Yun Min S 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report the study of the far-infrared (IR) sizes of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in relation to their dust-obscured star formation rate (SFR) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) presence, determined using mid-IR photometry. We determined the millimeter-wave (

m) sizes of 69 Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)-identified SMGs, selected with

confidence on ALMA images (

–7.4 mJy). We found that all of the SMGs are located above an avoidance region in the size-flux plane, as expected by the Eddington limit for star formation. In order to understand what drives the different millimeter-wave sizes in SMGs, we investigated the relation between millimeter-wave size and AGN fraction for 25 of our SMGs at z = 1–3. We found that the SMGs for which the mid-IR emission is dominated by star formation or AGN have extended millimeter-sizes, with respective median

and

kpc. Instead, the SMGs for which the mid-IR emission corresponds to star-forming/AGN composites have more compact millimeter-wave sizes, with median

kpc. The relation between millimeter-wave size and AGN fraction suggests that this size may be related to the evolutionary stage of the SMG. The very compact sizes for composite star-forming/AGN systems could be explained by supermassive black holes growing rapidly during the SMG coalescing, star-formation phase.
La résistance, résurgence du détruit-trouvé dans l’espace analytique ?
Authors: Papineau Marie , Sasseville-Lahaie Catherine 
Published: November 2017

La présente réflexion développe l’idée que la résistance serait reliée à la résurgence du processus du détruit-trouvé. Le détruit-trouvé renvoie à une expérience cruciale du développement chez l’enfant, décrite par Winnicott puis approfondie par Roussillon. La psyché du patient mettrait en place dans l’espace analytique une série de manifestations de résistance au changement. Ces résistances auraient-elles aussi comme fonction de détruire l’analyste, pour ultimement le trouver ?
Quand l’ennui est proscrit. Activisme et (a)conflictualité psychique dans les classes préparatoires et les grandes écoles
Authors: Dejours Roxane 
Published: November 2017

À partir d’une recherche menée auprès de 51 préparationnaires, l’auteur interroge les conséquences de la disparition radicale des temps morts et des espaces propices à la naissance du sentiment d’ennui dans les classes préparatoires et les grandes écoles, du point de vue du fonctionnement psychique des sujets. L’article montre notamment comment le recours à l’activisme, retrouvé chez ces derniers, se déploie corrélativement à une abrasion défensive des questionnements existentiels et de l’activité fantasmatique de ces étudiants, nous amenant à nous questionner sur l’effectivité ou l’absence d’élaboration des conflits spécifiques à la fin de l’adolescence.
Au-delà du jardin : une des sources imaginales du problème de l’environnement
Authors: D’Andrea Fabio 
Published: November 2017

On peut essayer de comprendre l’attitude occidentale envers l’espace naturel en étudiant l’évolution de l’espace exemplaire du jardin le long des siècles. L’on s’aperçoit que, du passage du verger médiéval au jardin baroque, de celui-ci au jardin à l’anglaise et ensuite à l’abandon du jardin en faveur des excursions en plein air avec la naissance des randonnées et du trekking , on est devant une figure paradoxale de l’affirmation du rationalisme et de la modernité qui s’achève par la primauté du sens de la vue et l’évacuation du côté sauvage de l’environnement naturel et de sa transformation en image plastifiée. Pour avoir une chance de faire face à la crise environnementale du XXI e siècle, il faudrait prendre conscience de ces dynamiques imaginales et redécouvrir la matérialité et la contradictorialité aussi bien de l’homme que de la nature.
Pourquoi la gestation pour autrui dite « éthique » ne peut être
Authors: Segalen Martine 
Published: November 2017

Constatant les dérives des pratiques de la grossesse pour autrui, des chercheurs, des particuliers, des groupes militants plaident pour sa régulation, en évoquant une gpa « éthique » ou « altruiste », d’où toute relation commerciale serait exclue. Cet article analyse les causes du développement de la pratique, les cadres sociaux qui sous-tendent les discours des mères qui portent des enfants pour le compte d’autrui, les termes qui sont désormais employés afin de les faire disparaître en tant que mères et montre les effets de la mise en place d’un marché mondialisé de la procréation pour autrui. Au nom du refus de l’instrumentation du corps féminin et de la marchandisation de l’enfant, il montre que ce qui est « éthique », c’est l’abolition universelle de la pratique.
Le bal dans l’Espagne franquiste : le jeu de l’amour mais pas du hasard
Authors: Nattiez Laura 
Published: November 2017

Si, à première vue, le bal peut être associé à un moment de festivité frivole pour la jeunesse, il est, en fait, un espace de mise en scène particulière du soi qui offre un angle fécond d’analyse des normes de comportements genrées et du fonctionnement du marché matrimonial de la première moitié du xx e siècle. En récoltant des récits de vie dans différentes régions espagnoles, nous avons été surprise de constater que toutes des femmes nées dans les années 1930 évoquaient cet événement en se remémorant leur jeunesse. L’étude des entretiens révèle que le bal est le premier espace de contact mixte afin de permettre la rencontre entre les futurs conjoints. Compte tenu de l’enjeu, l’attitude des jeunes femmes est strictement normée et contrôlée par le personnage incontournable du chaperon.
Pain Associated With a Subconjunctival Cefazolin-Lidocaine Mixture in Retinal Surgery:A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mak Michael Y. K. , Yan Peng , Park Jonathan , Joshi Lavnish , Warder Daniel , Lee Cassandra , Gulamhusein Husayn , Devenyi Robert G. , Lam Wai-Ching 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this randomized, single-masked clinical trial is to explore whether cefazolin mixed with 2% lidocaine can reduce pain.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients naïve to ophthalmic surgery were randomized to subconjunctival injection of either a 0.5 mL cefazolin-balanced salt solution (0.3 mL cefazolin and 0.2 mL balanced salt solution) or 0.5 mL cefazolin-lidocaine solution (0.3 mL cefazolin and 0.2 mL 2% lidocaine) during retinal surgery with a retrobulbar block. Pain scores were obtained at the start of surgery, middle of surgery, before and after cefazolin administration, and postoperatively.

RESULTS:
A total of 54 patients were recruited; 44.6% were male, and the mean age was 60.1 years ± 13.5 years. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups' operative characteristics or pain scores at each study time point.

CONCLUSION:
In pars plana vitrectomy with or without phacoemulsification and intraocular lens insertion, subconjunctival cefazolin mixed with lidocaine conferred no added analgesic benefit.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:881–886.]
Reverse Conservation Analysis Reveals the Specificity Determining Residues of Cytochrome P450 Family 2 (CYP 2)
Authors: Lee Tai-Sung 
Published: November 2017

The concept of conservation of amino acids is widely used to identify important alignment positions of orthologs. The assumption is that important amino acid residues will be conserved in the protein family during the evolutionary process. For paralog alignment, on the other hand, the opposite concept can be used to identify residues that are responsible for specificity. Assuming that the function-specific or ligand-specific residue positions will have higher diversity since they are under evolutionary pressure to fit the target specificity, these function-specific or ligand-specific residues positions will have a lower degree of conservation than other positions in a highly conserved paralog alignment. This study assessed the ability of reverse conservation analysis to identify function-specific and ligand-specific residue positions in closely related paralog. Reverse conservation analysis of paralog alignments successfully identified all six previously reported substrate recognition sites (SRSs) in cytochrome P450 family 2 (CYP 2). Further analysis of each subfamily identified the specificity-determining residues (SDRs) that have been experimentally found. New potential SDRs were also predicted and await confirmation by further experiments or modeling calculations. This concept may be also applied to identify SDRs in other protein families.
Mortality in the Bedouin Population and Proximity to a Regional Industrial Complex
Authors: Karakis Isabella , Bolotin Arkady , Kordysh Ella , Belmaker Ilana , Sarov Batia 
Published: November 2017

Background The study was initiated by public concern about exposure to an industrial park (IP) emission. The study examined whether mortality in the Bedouin population in the southern part of Israel is associated with the residential distance to the IP. Material and Methods Ecological study during 1995-2001 included the entire Bedouin population. Mortality data was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. As an indirect measurement of exposure we used residential distance to the IP (with 20 km radius as a cut-of-point) based on residents’ complaints about odor related to the IP. Differences in mortality rates by distance were assessed by the Mantel-Haenszel relative risk (M-H RR) within the 95% CI. The country Arab population served as a reference for calculation of the age-adjusted standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Results Increased mortality rates due to symptoms/ill-defined conditions and non-external causes were observed in the Bedouin population of both sexes, residing up to 20 km from the IP, compared to those living in more remote areas. Corresponding M-H RR (plus 95% CI) were 1.66 (1.17-2.36), 1.24 (1.06-1.44) in females, and 1.55 (1.15-2.10), 1.32 (1.15-1.52) in males. Conclusions The study results suggest an association between residential proximity to the regional IP and increased mortality rates in the Negev Bedouin population. These findings have been accepted by the authorities as an issue for community health protection.
Eco-psychiatry and Environmental Conservation: Study from Sundarban Delta, India
Authors: Chowdhury Arabinda N. , Mondal Ranajit , Brahma Arabinda , Biswas Mrinal K. 
Published: November 2017

Aims This study attempts to examine the extent and impact of human-animal conflicts visa-vis psychosocial stressors and mental health of affected people in two villages adjacent to Sundarban Reserve Forest (SRF) in the Gosaba Block, West Bengal, India. Methods Door to door household survey for incidents of human-animal conflicts, Focus Group Discussions, In-depth Interviews, Case studies, Community Mental health clinics and participatory observation. Results A total of 3084 households covering a population of 16,999 were surveyed. 32.8% people live on forest-based occupation. During the last 15 years 111 persons (male 83, female 28) became victims of animal attacks, viz, Tiger (82%), Crocodile (10.8%) and Shark (7.2%) of which 73.9% died. In 94.5% cases the conflict took place in and around the SRF during livelihood activities. Tracking of 66 widows, resulted from these conflicts, showed that majority of them (51.%) are either disabled or in a very poor health condition, 40.9% are in extreme economic stress and only 10.6% remarried. 1 widow committed suicide and 3 attempted suicide. A total of 178 persons (male 82, female 96) attended the community mental health clinics. Maximum cases were Major Depressive Disorder (14.6%), followed by Somatoform Pain Disorder (14.0%), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder-animal attack related (9.6%) and Adjustment Disorder (9%). 11.2% cases had history of deliberate self-harm attempt, of which 55% used pesticides. Conclusions Improvement of quality of life of this deltaic population by appropriate income generation and proper bio-forest management are the key factors to save their life as well as the mangrove environment of the Sundarban region.
Trichoderma Biocontrol: Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in Host Sensing and Mycoparasitism
Authors: Zeilinger Susanne , Omann Markus 
Published: November 2017

Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are used as biocontrol agents against several plant pathogenic fungi like Rhizoctonia spp., Pythium spp., Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium spp. which cause both soil-borne and leaf- or flower-borne diseases of agricultural plants. Plant disease control by Trichoderma is based on complex interactions between Trichoderma, the plant pathogen and the plant. Until now, two main components of biocontrol have been identified: direct activity of Trichoderma against the plant pathogen by mycoparasitism and induced systemic resistance in plants. As the mycoparasitic interaction is host-specific and not merely a contact response, it is likely that signals from the host fungus are recognised by Trichoderma and provoke transcription of mycoparasitism-related genes. In the last few years examination of signalling pathways underlying Trichoderma biocontrol started and it was shown that heterotrimeric G-proteins and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases affected biocontrol-relevant processes such as the production of hydrolytic enzymes and antifungal metabolites and the formation of infection structures. MAPK signalling was also found to be involved in induction of plant systemic resistance in Trichoderma virens and in the hyperosmotic stress response in Trichoderma harzianum. Analyses of the function of components of the cAMP pathway during Trichoderma biocontrol revealed that mycoparasitism-associated coiling and chitinase production as well as secondary metabolism are affected by the internal cAMP level; in addition, a cross talk between regulation of light responses and the cAMP signalling pathway was found in Trichoderma atroviride.