bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 on sirolimus pharmacokinetics, patient and graft survival and other clinical outcomes in renal transplant
Authors: Rodríguez-Jiménez Consuelo , García-Saiz Mar , Pérez-Tamajón Lourdes , Salido Eduardo , Torres Armando 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background:
In transplant patients receiving de novo anticalcineurin-free sirolimus (SRL)-based immunosuppression, we determined the influence of cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) and ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member (ABCB1) genotypes on SRL blood levels and medium-term relevant clinical outcomes, in order to improve effectiveness of immunosuppression strategies when anti-mammalian target of rapamycin (anti-mTOR) inhibitor is indicated for clinical reasons.

Methods:
Forty-eight renal transplant recipients (suffered 48% diabetes mellitus, 91% hypertension, and 47% dyslipidemia) were genotyped for CYP3A5 (6986A>G) and ABCB1 (3435C>T) polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Sirolimus blood levels were determined using microparticle enzyme immunoassay technique. Relationships between genotypes and pharmacokinetics, graft function, and patient-graft survival were determined by univariate analysis.

Results:

CYP3A5
*1/*3 showed lower SRL levels than CYP3A5
*3/*3 (4.13±1.54 vs. 8.49±4.18 ng/mL; p=0.003) and level/dose ratio (LDR) (92.74±37.47 vs. 178.62±116.45; p=0.019) in early post-transplant period. In ABCB1 polymorphisms, CT genotypes showed higher SRL levels than CC and TT (8.93±2.22 vs. 7.28±2.47 vs. 7.35±1.15 ng/mL; p=0.038) in the late period; LDR in CC and CT were 171.29±36.24 vs. 335.66±138.71 (p=0.003), despite receiving lower doses (p=0.018). Acute rejection rate was 14% vs. 42% for *3/*3 and 14% (TT), 48% (CT), and 31% (CC). Median patient survival was 45 months, significantly lower than that of *3/*3 patients (69 months). Death-censored graft survival during 5-year follow-up was similar for both CYP3A5 genotypes and significantly lower in TT than CT and CC groups, without survival differences.

Conclusions:

CYP3A5 and ABCB1 polymorphisms influenced SRL levels; preliminary data suggest this may affect patient and graft survival. Genotyping renal transplant patients could help select candidates for SRL (genotype*3/*3 for CYP3A5 and CT for ABCB1), when anti-mTOR immunosuppression is indicated.
On Partial Identification of the Natural Indirect Effect
Authors: Miles Caleb , Kanki Phyllis , Meloni Seema , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn causal mediation analysis, nonparametric identification of the natural indirect effect typically relies on, in addition to no unobserved pre-exposure confounding, fundamental assumptions of (i) so-called “cross-world-counterfactuals” independence and (ii) no exposure-induced confounding. When the mediator is binary, bounds for partial identification have been given when neither assumption is made, or alternatively when assuming only (ii). We extend existing bounds to the case of a polytomous mediator, and provide bounds for the case assuming only (i). We apply these bounds to data from the Harvard PEPFAR program in Nigeria, where we evaluate the extent to which the effects of antiretroviral therapy on virological failure are mediated by a patient’s adherence, and show that inference on this effect is somewhat sensitive to model assumptions.
Cystic-fibrosis related-diabetes (CFRD) is preceded by and associated with growth failure and deteriorating lung function
Authors: Terliesner Nicolas , Vogel Mandy , Steighardt Anna , Gausche Ruth , Henn Constance , Hentschel Julia , Kapellen Thomas , Klamt Sabine , Gebhardt Julia , Kiess Wieland , Prenzel Freerk 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Impaired glucose metabolism and cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD) are associated with insufficient weight gain and impaired lung function in children and adolescents with CF. We have asked whether imminent CFRD may be a cause of poor growth in children and adolescents.Methods:A retrospective case control study including 32 patients with CF with or without diabetes was conducted. Sixteen pairs, matched according to age, gender and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, were analysed. Standard deviation scores (SDS) of height, growth, weight, body mass index (BMI), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 75% of expired FVC (FEF75) were recorded during a mean observation period of 13 years per patient.Results:SDS of height and weight were reduced in CF patients with diabetes compared to those without, not only at the point of diagnosis (both p<0.05) but years before the evidence of diabetes. Afterwards there was a significant decline in height (p<0.001) and weight (p<0.01) SDS in CFRD patients and an increasing difference between the height and weight of CF patients with or without diabetes. In contrast, no significant reduction of BMI-SDS was observed in CFRD patients. All analysed lung function parameters showed a marked decline in CFRD patients starting 1 year prior to the diagnosis of diabetes.Conclusions:Deteriorating growth, reduced weight and impaired lung function are related to the development of CFRD and are obvious several years before the actual diagnosis of diabetes.
Retroflexion in South Asia: Typological, genetic, and areal patterns
Authors: Arsenault Paul 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRetroflexion in South Asia has been the subject of at least two previous typological studies: Ramanujan and Masica (1969. Toward a phonological typology of the Indian linguistic area. In T. A. Sebeok (ed.),Current trends in linguistics, volume 5: Linguistics in South Asia, 543–577. Paris: Mouton) and Tikkanen (1999. Archaeological-linguistic correlations in the formation of retroflex typologies and correlating areal features in South Asia. In Roger Blench & Matthew Spriggs (eds.),Archaeology and language IV: Language change and cultural transformation, 138–148. London & New York: Routledge). Despite their many virtues, these studies are limited by the size of their data samples, their dependence on qualitative data without quantitative analysis, and their use of hand-drawn maps. This paper presents the results of an entirely new survey of retroflexion in South Asia – one that incorporates a larger language sample, quantitative analysis, and computer-generated maps. The study focuses on the genetic and geographic distribution of various retroflex subsystems, including retroflex obstruents, nasals, liquids, approximants and vowels. While it is possible to establish broad statistical correlations between specific types of contrast and individual language families (or sub-families), the study finds that the distribution of most retroflex systems is more geographic in nature than genetic. Thus, while retroflexion is characteristic of South Asia as a whole, each type of retroflex system tends to cut across genetic lines, marking out its own space within the broader linguistic area.
Hierarchical and accusative alignment of Verbal Person Marking in Trans-Himalayan
Authors: DeLancey Scott 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Verbal Person Marking is a neglected feature of Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan) languages. TH systems are of great typological interest, showing both canonical versions and unusual variations of both hierarchical and accusative alignment. The predominant and ancestral pattern is hierarchical, but we also see innovative accusative patterns. Canonical hierarchical and accusative systems do occur, but a majority of VPM systems of both alignments show variations on the basic patterns. Hierarchical systems sometimes develop means to index both participants in a transitive configuration rather than only the higher. Accusative systems frequently develop secondary O indexation for SAP arguments, and sometimes move further in the direction of hierarchical patterning. Thus Trans-Himalayan offers a wealth of examples of VPM systems, which deserve greater attention from the field of typology.
Evaluation of gamma radiation response of electrolyte, MKP and MKT capacitors in various frequencies
Authors: Malekie Shahryar , Salehpour Behrooz 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this experimental work, the effect of gamma irradiation on the capacitance and impedance of some commercial capacitors namely electrolytic, MKP, and MKT capacitors in different radiation doses up to 120 kGy and a wide range of frequencies between 42 Hz and 5 MHz were studied. Results showed that the capacitances of the electrolytic capacitors exhibited a linear decrease by increasing the radiation dose and frequencies, which can be used for high dosimetry purposes, but non-ceramic capacitors as MKP and MKT showed much higher radiation resistance, particularly for the frequencies less than ~1 MHz.
Predictive values of Ischemia modified albumin in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Hekimoğlu Berna , Aslan Yakup , Mutlu Mehmet , Menteşe Ahmet , Karahan Süleyman Caner 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to identify whether ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) can be used as a marker in the diagnosis of sepsis in the term patient population.

Methods
In the study group 30 sepsis patients and 30 healthy neonatal, control group, whose gestational ages were ≥38 weeks were included. Blood samples were taken for IMA levels at baseline and on the 3rd and 10th days of the treatment. The IMA values obtained were compared with those for C-reactive protein (CRP).

Results
The baseline CRP, IMA, and adjusted IMA levels of the patients in the study group were statistically higher compared to the control group (p<0.05). IMA and adjusted IMA values measured in the study group on the 3rd and 10th days decreased gradually and significantly compared to initial levels (p<0.0001). There was a positive correlation between the baseline IMA levels and CRP values among the patients with sepsis (r: 0.371, p<0.05). The diagnostic cut-off value of IMA in term of diagnosis of the neonatal sepsis was found to be 0.644 ABSU (p<0.0001), with a sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 66.7%.

Conclusion
We suggest that IMA can be used as a useful biomarker in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Episodic Memory Retrieval Benefits from a Less Modular Brain Network Organization
Authors: Westphal Andrew J. , Wang Siliang , Rissman Jesse 
Published: February 2017

Most complex cognitive tasks require the coordinated interplay of multiple brain networks, but the act of retrieving an episodic memory may place especially heavy demands for communication between the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) and the default mode network (DMN), two networks that do not strongly interact with one another in many task contexts. We applied graph theoretical analysis to task-related fMRI functional connectivity data from 20 human participants and found that global brain modularity—a measure of network segregation—is markedly reduced during episodic memory retrieval relative to closely matched analogical reasoning and visuospatial perception tasks. Individual differences in modularity were correlated with memory task performance, such that lower modularity levels were associated with a lower false alarm rate. Moreover, the FPCN and DMN showed significantly elevated coupling with each other during the memory task, which correlated with the global reduction in brain modularity. Both networks also strengthened their functional connectivity with the hippocampus during the memory task. Together, these results provide a novel demonstration that reduced modularity is conducive to effective episodic retrieval, which requires close collaboration between goal-directed control processes supported by the FPCN and internally oriented self-referential processing supported by the DMN.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTModularity, an index of the degree to which nodes of a complex system are organized into discrete communities, has emerged as an important construct in the characterization of brain connectivity dynamics. We provide novel evidence that the modularity of the human brain is reduced when individuals engage in episodic memory retrieval, relative to other cognitive tasks, and that this state of lower modularity is associated with improved memory performance. We propose a neural systems mechanism for this finding where the nodes of the frontoparietal control network and default mode network strengthen their interaction with one another during episodic retrieval. Such across-network communication likely facilitates effective access to internally generated representations of past event knowledge.
Thalamic Control of Dorsomedial Striatum Regulates Internal State to Guide Goal-Directed Action Selection
Authors: Bradfield Laura A. , Balleine Bernard W. 
Published: February 2017

We (Bradfield et al., 2013) have demonstrated previously that parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PF)-controlled neurons in the posterior dorsomedial striatum (pDMS) are critical for interlacing new and existing action–outcome contingencies to control goal-directed action. Based on these findings, it was suggested that animals with a dysfunctional PF–pDMS pathway might suffer a deficit in creating or retrieving internal contexts or “states” on which such information could become conditional. To assess this hypothesis more directly, rats were given a disconnection treatment using contralateral cytotoxic lesions of the PF and pDMS (Group CONTRA) or ipsilateral control lesions (Group IPSI) and trained to press a right and left lever for sucrose and pellet outcomes, after which these contingencies were reversed. The rats were then given an outcome devaluation test (all experiments) and a test of outcome-specific reinstatement (Experiments 1 and 3). We found that devaluation performance was intact for both groups after training of initial contingencies, but impaired for Group CONTRA after reversal. However, performance was restored by additional reversal training. Furthermore, when tested a second time after reversal training, rats in both groups demonstrated responding in accordance with the original contingencies, providing direct evidence of modulation of action selection by state. Finally, we found that external context could substitute for internal state and so could rescue responding in Group CONTRA, but only in the reinstatement test. Together, these findings suggest that animals use internal state information to guide action selection and that this information is modulated by the PF–pDMS pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIndividuals with Parkinson's disease dementia often suffer a characteristic deficit in “cognitive flexibility.” It has been suggested that neurodegeneration in the pathway between the centromedian/parafascicular thalalmic nucleus (PF) and striatum might underlie such deficits (Smith et al., 2014). In rats, we have similarly observed that a functional disconnection of the PF–posterior dorsomedial striatal pathway produces a specific impairment in the ability to alter goal-directed actions (Bradfield et al., 2013). It was suggested that this impairment could be a result of a deficit in state modulation. Here, we present four experiments that provide evidence for this hypothesis and suggest several ways (e.g., extended practice, providing external cues) in which this state modulation can be rescued.
Survival Gains from First-Line Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the U.S., 1990–2015: Progress and Opportunities
Authors: Roth Joshua A. , Goulart Bernardo H. L. , Ravelo Arliene , Kolkey Holli , Ramsey Scott D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 190,000 Americans are diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) annually, and about half have metastatic (Stage IV) disease. These patients have historically had poor survival prognosis, but several new therapies introduced since 2000 provide options for improved outcomes. The objectives of this study were to quantify survival gains from 1990, when best supportive care (BSC) only was standard, to 2015 and to estimate the impact of expanded use of systemic therapies in clinically appropriate patients.Materials and MethodsWe developed a simulation model to estimate survival gains for patients with metastatic NSCLC from 1990–2015. Survival estimates were derived from major clinical trials and extrapolated to a lifetime horizon. Proportions of patients receiving available therapies were derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and a commercial treatment registry. We also estimated gains in overall survival (OS) in scenarios in which systemic therapy use increased by 10% and 30% relative to current use.ResultsFrom 1990–2015, one-year survival proportion increased by 14.1% and mean per-patient survival improved by 4.2 months (32,700 population life years). Increasing treated patients by 10% or 30% increased OS by 5.1 months (39,700 population life years) and 6.9 months (53,800 population life years), respectively.ConclusionAlthough survival remains poor in metastatic NSCLC relative to other common cancers, meaningful progress in per-patient and population-level outcomes has been realized over the past 25 years. These advances can be improved even further by increasing use of systemic therapies in the substantial proportion of patients who are suitable for treatment yet who currently receive BSC only.
Unusual presentations of late onset diaphragmatic hernia: a six year study
Authors: Aggarwal Sumeet , Aggarwal Amika , Ded K. S. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare subset of CDH, most of the information is derived from small series or case reports. The aim of this study is to document the varied presentations of late-presenting CDH in a tertiary hospital.Methods: Information about late-presenting CDH (diagnosed at later than 30 days of age) was identified from the data collected by a 5 year reterospective study and 1 year prospective study.Results: Twenty five cases were studied over a period of 6 years with 5 years of reterospective study and 1 year of prospective study. Three cases had a morgagni hernia (2 right-sided, 1 central, 2 males and 1 female). There were 16 males (64%) and 9 females (36%). Major associated anomalies were identified in 6 cases (24%). Cardiac anomalies included ventricular septal defect (n = 4), atrial septal defect (n = 2), gastroesophageal reflux was found in 3 cases, 1 of which required surgery. Presenting symptoms were respiratory in 8 (32%), gastrointestinal in 13 (52%), both in 4 (16%). The hernia was left-sided in 17 (68%), right-sided in 5 (20%), and central 3 (12%). Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms invariably had left-sided hernias (n = 10), whereas patients with respiratory symptoms (n = 8) seemed equally likely to have right- or left-sided lesions. A primary repair without patch was done in all cases with 100% survival.Conclusions: Presenting symptoms of late-onset CDH can be respiratory or gastrointestinal, but presentation with gastrointestinal problems was more common in left-sided hernias, whereas respiratory symptoms were seen with equal preponderance in left and right-sided lesions. The prognosis is excellent once the correct diagnosis is made.
Short-term outcome in acute and transient psychotic disorder and its correlate to various sociobiological factors
Authors: Chandak Sumit , Gowda Sunil N. 
Published: February 2017

Background: There is a higher incidence of acute and transient psychotic disorder, however there are not much data on the course of disease and its association with sociobiological factors. We assessed the outcome in patients who met the ICD 10 DCR criteria for acute and transient psychotic disorder, at a follow up period of 6 months.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study conducted at out-patient department of the Institute of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Bambolim, Goa. Fifty-seven patients were enrolled and were followed up for a period of 6 months from the day of enrollment. The outcome was ‘review of diagnosis and ‘no review of diagnosis at the end of 6 months.Results: The mean age of the study sample was 32.25 years. In three-fourth of the patients, there was no change in the diagnosis. Nearly 65% of the patients were women and 35% of them were men. No review in diagnosis was made in significant proportion of the population. Average duration of education was 7.35 years. Most of them were unskilled laborers and homemakers. A significant number of the study population was migrants. Two-third of the population did not have any family history of psychiatric disorder. The onset was acute in majority of the patients. Suicidal thoughts were present at the time of diagnosis in certain patients. The treatment adherence was lower in those whose diagnoses did not change at the end of 6 months. Sleep disturbances, ideas of persecution, and concentration difficulties were the frequently reported symptoms.No repeat episodes were noted in our study.Conclusions: No review in diagnosis was made in significant proportion of the population. The treatment adherence was lower in those whose diagnoses did not change at the end of 6 months.
Pengaruh Saat Pemberian Pupuk Kandang dan Pupuk Anorganik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Wijen di Lahan Pasir Pantai
Authors: Nurhayati Dewi Ratna , Prapto Y. , Taryono Taryono , Hanudin Eko 
Published: February 2017

<p class="Default">Coastal sandy land as one of marginal land which potential become to be a sustainable productive land. Annual crops such as Sesame cultivation proper to developed as an agribusiness crops in coastal sandy land by chicken manure, or organic fertilizer and in organic fertilizer through the combination treatment of manure and inorganic proportionately. This study aimed to determine the best of time for fertilize on growth and yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L). This study conducted in Keburuhan, Purworejo, Coastal sandy land, Gadjah Mada's Agricultural station laboratory, from May until November 2014. This study used a factorial experiment Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications. Experiment arranged in with two-factor. First factor is the kind of variety: Sumberrejo-1, Sumberrejo-2. The second factor is, time of fertilize by chicken manure 11,25 tonnes/ha (75% of farmers recommendation)+inorganic fertilizers (N, P, K deficiency replacement dose equivalent to 18,75 tonnes/ha of chicken manure. Variable observed were: plant height, days to flowering, number of branch, root volume. The data analyzed by using analysis of variance at 5% level significance. The results showed that fastest flowering (45 days) was on the control treatmentin Sumberrejo-1.</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default">Keywords: coastal sandy land, organic fertilizer, in organic, Sumberrejo-1, Sumberrejo-2 Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)</p>
Pengaruh Suplementasi Probiotik dalam Ransum Terhadap Kualitas Fisik Daging Itik
Authors: Wahyuni Dyah , Arisuteja Sofi , Sandi Sofia , Yosi Fitra 
Published: February 2017

<p>This research aim to find out the effect of probiotic in ration on physical quality (pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss and tenderness) of duck meat. The materials used was local duck supplemented probiotic into ration. Research’s method used was Completely Randomize Design (CRD) consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replications namely P1(basic ration/ control), P2 (basic ration+probiotic), P3 (basic ration+infected by E.coli), P4 (basic ration+infected by Salmonella), P5 (basic ration+probiotic+infected by E.coli), P6 (basic ration+ probiotic+infected by Salmonella) and P7 (basic ration+probiotic+infected by E.coli+Infected by Salmonella). The results showed that probiotic suplementation about 106 cfu/ml into ration were no significantly effect on physical quality (pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss and tenderness) of duck meat.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: probiotic, ration, physical quality, meat, duck</p>