bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New York Citywide Colon Cancer Control Coalition: A public health effort to increase colon cancer screening and address health disparities
Authors: Itzkowitz Steven H. , Winawer Sidney J. , Krauskopf Marian , Carlesimo Mari , Schnoll‐Sussman Felice H. , Huang Katy , Weber Thomas K. , Jandorf Lina 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDAlthough screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is a widely accepted concept nationally and screening rates are increasing, there are differences in screening rates between states and within states.METHODSIn an effort to increase screening rates and ensure equal access with respect to race/ethnicity, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene formed a coalition of stakeholders in 2003, with its primary focus on colonoscopy, to develop and implement strategies across the city to achieve this goal.RESULTSFrom a screening colonoscopy rate of only 42% in 2003, these concerted efforts contributed to achieving a screening rate of 62% by 2007 and a screening rate of almost 70% in 2014 with the elimination of racial and ethnic disparities.CONCLUSIONSThis article provides details of how this program was successfully conceived, implemented, and sustained in the large urban population of New York City. The authors hope that by sharing the many elements involved and the lessons learned, they may help other communities to adapt these experiences to their own environments so that CRC screening rates can be maximized. Cancer 2016;122:269–277. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Biomimetic Crystallization of MnFe2O4 Mediated by Peptide‐Catalyzed Esterification at Low Temperature
Authors: Maeda Yoshiaki , Wei Zengyan , Ikezoe Yasuhiro , Tam Edmund , Matsui Hiroshi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEnzymes are some of the most efficient catalysts in nature. If small catalytic peptides mimic enzymes, there is potential for broad applications from catalysis for new material synthesis to drug development, due to the ease of molecular design. Recently a hydrogel‐based combinatory phage display library was developed and protease‐mimicking peptides were identified. Here we advanced the previous discovery to apply one of these catalytic peptides for the synthesis of bimetal oxide nanocrystals through the catalytic ester‐elimination pathway. Conventional bimetal oxide crystallization usually requires high temperatures above several hundred °C; however, this catalytic peptide could grow superparamagnetic MnFe2O4 nanocrystals at 4 °C. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) analysis revealed that MnFe2O4 nanocrystals grown by the catalytic peptide exhibit superparamagnetism. This study demonstrates the usefulness of protease‐mimicking catalytic peptides in the field of material synthesis.
A Physicochemical Study of the Effects of Acidity on the Distribution and Antioxidant Efficiency of Trolox in Olive Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Galan Anna , Losada‐Barreiro Sonia , Bravo‐Díaz Carlos 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe efficiency of antioxidants to inhibit the oxidation of lipid‐based emulsions depends on several factors including their nature and their concentration at the reaction site. Here, we have analyzed the effects of acidity and of surfactant concentration on the distribution and efficiency of the vitamin E analog Trolox (TR) in stripped olive oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized with Tween 20. The distribution was assessed in the intact emulsions by employing a kinetic method that exploits the reaction between the hydrophobic 4‐hexadecylbenzenediazonium ions and TR. Kinetic results are interpreted on the grounds of the pseudophase model. The effects of TR on the oxidative stability of the emulsion were determined at different pH values by monitoring the formation of conjugated dienes over time. The results show that the efficiency of TR increases upon increasing pH even though its concentration in the interfacial region decreases.
Impact of touch imprint cytology on imaging‐guided core needle biopsies: An experience from a large academic medical center laboratory
Authors: Li Zaibo , Tonkovich Dena , Shen Rulong 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundImaging‐guided core needle biopsy is a minimally invasive and effective tissue sampling method. Touch imprint cytology (TIC) can provide immediate on‐site preliminary interpretation and adequacy of core needle biopsy. We investigated on‐site TICs’ impact on minimizing the number of core needle biopsy passes required for diagnosis.MethodsFive hundred and sixty imaging‐guided CNBs with TICs including 393 malignant lesions, 136 benign lesions, 29 nondiagnostic specimens, and 2 atypical lesions were reviewed for adequacy, preliminary interpretation, final histological diagnosis, and the number of core needle biopsy passes.ResultsThe adequacy rate determined by on‐site TICs was 76%, with 50% for benign lesions, and 88% for malignant lesions. The correlation rate between TICs’ preliminary interpretation and histological diagnosis was 91%, with 100% for benign lesions and 89% for malignant lesions. In malignant lesions, the adequacy rate was lowest in cases with sarcomas (58%), followed by hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. When all cases are stratified by locations, the adequacy rate determined by on‐site TICs was lowest in lesions from soft tissue (45%), followed by pelvic mass or kidney. The average number of cores was 4.1 per case in adequate specimens, significantly lower than that in specimens without TICs. In contrast, the average number of cores was 7.1 per case in inadequate specimens, significantly greater than that in specimens without TICs.ConclusionsOn‐site TICs showed its usefulness in reducing the number of cores required for adequate diagnostic materials. In the meantime, TICs accurately provided preliminary interpretations, especially in adequate malignant carcinoma cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:87–90. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rare medical manifestations of severe restricting and purging: “Zebras,” missed diagnoses, and best practices
Authors: Gaudiani Jennifer L. , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveMedical problems that arise due to severe restricting and/or purging may be misdiagnosed or suboptimally treated, from outpatient clinics to top medical hospitals. A symptom may be presumed to be a psychological manifestation of the eating disorder and inappropriately dismissed for further medical evaluation. Alternatively, a detailed medical workup may be performed, overlooking a classic relationship between starvation and a physical finding, which delays referral to eating disorder care. This review article focuses on rare medical issues (also called “zebras” in medical training), diagnoses that may be missed in patients with eating disorders, and best practices for management, organized by organ system.MethodA PubMed search was performed, using search terms “eating disorder,” “anorexia nervosa,” and “bulimia nervosa” in combination with different words for each organ system and known medical manifestations of severe eating disorders, with high quality and relevant studies from the past 20 years cited.DiscussionAdults with eating disorders may present with extreme organ dysfunction and atypical signs and symptoms of typical medical problems. Timely diagnosis, risk awareness, appropriate treatment, and avoidance of harm are all vital. With judicious management and nutritional rehabilitation, most of these complications will significantly improve or resolve. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:331–344).
Genetic variation, multiple paternity, and measures of reproductive success in the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Authors: González‐Garza Blanca Idalia , Stow Adam , Sánchez‐Teyer Lorenzo Felipe , Zapata‐Pérez Omar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico contains some of the largest breeding groups of the globally distributed and critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). An improved understanding of the breeding system of this species and how its genetic variation is structured among nesting areas is required before the threats to its survival can be properly evaluated. Here, we genotype 1195 hatchlings and 41 nesting females at 12 microsatellite loci to assess levels of multiple paternity, genetic variation and whether individual levels of homozygosity are associated with reproductive success. Of the 50 clutches analyzed, only 6% have multiple paternity. The distribution of pairwise relatedness among nesting localities (rookeries) was not random with elevated within‐rookery relatedness, and declining relatedness with geographic distance indicating some natal philopatry. Although there was no strong evidence that particular rookeries had lost allelic variation via drift, younger turtles had significantly lower levels of genetic variation than older turtles, suggesting some loss of genetic variation. At present there is no indication that levels of genetic variation are associated with measures of reproductive success such as clutch size, hatching success, and frequency of infertile eggs.
Implicitly strengthened task‐irrelevant stimulus‐response associations modulate cognitive control: Evidence from an fMRI study
Authors: Xia Tiansheng , Li Hui , Wang Ling 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe dynamics of cognitive control have been investigated by the proportion congruency effect. However, the theory that this effect is due to attentional modulation has been challenged by contingency learning accounts. This raises the question of how the cognitive control system operates during and after increasing the strength of task‐irrelevant stimulus‐response (S‐R) associations. We employed a novel paradigm that elicits positive and reversed Simon effects via task rule manipulations, and combined it with a between subjects proportion congruency manipulation. The pattern of enhancement and reversal of the positive and reversed Simon effects across conditions suggested that participants used strengthened task‐irrelevant S‐R associations to predict responses. Functional neuroimaging identified proportion congruency effects that interacted with task S‐R associations, showing greater activity when strengthened task‐irrelevant S‐R associations conflicted with task‐defined S‐R associations in frontoparietal regions, including bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL) and dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), presupplementary motor area/anterior midcingulate cortex (Pre‐SMA/aMCC), and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). These results suggest that the aMCC and DLPFC shifted to responding mainly to the conflict induced by the strengthened irrelevant S‐R associations. The SPL and dPMC might represent the strengthened irrelevant S‐R associations. Hum Brain Mapp 37:756–772, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Image‐enhanced endoscopy for detection of second primary neoplasm in patients with esophageal and head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chung Chen‐Shuan , Lo Wu‐Chia , Lee Yi‐Chia , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Liao Li‐Jen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractImage‐enhanced endoscopy is helpful for screening of a second primary neoplasm in patients with esophageal and head and neck cancer. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to determine the diagnostic efficacy of white‐light imaging (WLI), narrow band imaging (NBI), and Lugol chromoendoscopy for second primary neoplasm detection. A review of the PubMed/Cochrane databases up to May 2014 was performed. Meta‐analysis was done by Meta‐DiSc software and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool. A total of 4918 patients from 16 prospective and randomized trials were enrolled. For WLI, NBI, and Lugol chromoendoscopy, the pooled sensitivities were 53% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 48% to 59%), 87% (95% CI = 83% to 90%), and 88% (95% CI = 85% to 91%), respectively; the pooled specificities were 99% (95% CI = 98% to 99%), 95% (95% CI = 94% to 96%), and 63% (95% CI = 61% to 66%), respectively; and the areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve were 66%, 97%, and 82%, respectively. NBI endoscopy has the most highly accurate diagnostic performance for detection of second primary neoplasms in high‐risk patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2343–E2349, 2016
Histologic assessment of tumor budding in preoperative biopsies to predict nodal metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth
Authors: Seki Mai , Sano Takaaki , Yokoo Satoshi , Oyama Tetsunari 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue and the floor of the mouth (FOM), it is important to predict lymph node metastasis, including occult metastasis, before operating. The purpose of this study was for us to determine practical histopathologic parameters as predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in preoperative SCC biopsy specimens.MethodsWe examined 91 cases of SCC for conventional histopathologic assessment and a new factor, tumor budding, and their relationship with lymph node metastasis.ResultsSignificant factors via univariate analysis (p < .01) were budding (score ≥3) and tumor depth (≥3 mm) and these were associated with lymph node metastasis. Moreover, both budding and tumor depth significantly correlated with relapse‐free survival; however, evaluating biopsy specimens often proved inaccurate for predicting true tumor depth of cancer invasion.ConclusionTumor budding using immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin should be added to routine histologic assessments as a new criterion factoring into the decision as to whether neck dissection is indicated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1582–E1590, 2016
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antihypertensive activities of protein hydrolysate from meat of Kacang goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)
Authors: Mirdhayati Irdha , Hermanianto Joko , Wijaya Christofora H , Sajuthi Dondin , Arihara Keizo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe meat of Kacang goat has potential for production of a protein hydrolysate. Functional ingredients from protein hydrolysate of Kacang goat meat were determined by the consistency of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antihypertensive effect. This study examined the potency of Kacang goat protein hydrolysate in ACE inhibition and antihypertensive activity.RESULTProtein hydrolysates of Kacang goat meat were prepared using sequential digestion of endo‐proteinase and protease complex at several concentrations and hydrolysis times. The highest ACE inhibitory activity resulted from a hydrolysate that was digested for 4 h with 5 g kg−1 of both enzymes. An ACE inhibitory peptide was purified and a novel peptide found with a sequence of Phe‐Gln‐Pro‐Ser (IC50 value of 27.0 µmol L−1). Both protein hydrolysates and a synthesised peptide (Phe‐Gln‐Pro‐Ser) demonstrated potent antihypertensive activities in spontaneously hypertensive rats.CONCLUSIONProtein hydrolysate of Kacang goat meat produced by sequential digestion with endo‐proteinase and protease complex has great potential as a functional ingredient, particularly as an antihypertensive agent. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparing perioperative processes of care in high and low mortality centers performing pancreatic surgery
Authors: Scally Christopher P. , Yin Huiying , Birkmeyer John D. , Wong Sandra L. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundPancreatic surgery outcomes vary widely. We hypothesize that by comparing high and low mortality hospitals, we may identify differences in patient care impacting safety.MethodsWe sampled hospitals with very‐low and very‐high mortality (LMH; HMH) and conducted on‐site chart reviews evaluating perioperative care practices for pancreatic operations.ResultsHMHs had an 11.6% mortality rate; LMHs 1.5%. Patients in HMHs had worse ASA classification (20.9% ASA Class 4/5 vs. 2.0%, P < 0.001) and comorbidity burden (55.3% with ≥1 comorbidity vs. 39.6%, P = 0.037). At HMHs, operations took longer (353.9 min vs. 313.7 min, P = 0.05), had higher blood loss (1,203.7 ml vs. 881.6 ml, P = 0.04), and patients underwent more transfusions (70.2% vs. 41.1%, P < 0.001). There were differences in anesthetic care: less invasive monitoring (76.1% vs. 93.1%, P < 0.001) and epidural pain management (22.5% vs. 62.9%, P < 0.001). Both cohorts had similar rates of VTE prophylaxis and SSI prevention compliance.ConclusionHigh and low mortality hospitals both have high compliance with common quality measures; however, HMHs performed worse in other areas of perioperative care, indicating possible targets for quality improvement efforts. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:866–871. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dendritic‐Linear Hybrid Multiarm Star Polymers: A Straightforward Synthesis of Polymer as Molecular Nanoparticles
Authors: Nasar Abdulsalam Sultan , Veerapandian Selvaraj 
Published: November 2015

Synthesis of multiarm star polymers via “core first” method but possibly through two different chain growth fashions has been described. Two distinct styrenyl‐TEMPO‐based G3 and G4 dendritic unimolecular initiators have been used for this method. Polymerization of styrene using these core‐cum‐initiators at 125 °C varying the monomer to initiator ratio and polymerization time yields multiarm star polymers with molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 1.71 × 105 to 4.75 × 105 g mol−1 and polydispersity in the range of 1.34–1.46. Hydrolysis leading to degradation of inner polyurethane core yields highly narrow dispersed—PDI 1.00 to 1.04—polystyrene chains, and the SEC‐MALLS data of these chains confirm the accurate control on predetermination in the number of arms up to 48 of star polymers. The specific refractive index increment (dn/dc) of the polymers is found to be decreased with decreasing weight fraction of core. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and hydrodynamic radius of chosen polymers confirm the two different chain growth fashions leading to the formation of star polymers as discrete nanoparticle in the case of initiator in which TEMPO is anchored and formation of peripherally low entangled short chains in the case of initiators in which TEMPO is end‐capped.
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Single‐Chain Folding of Synthetic Polymers: A Critical Update
Authors: Altintas Ozcan , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: November 2015

The current contribution serves as a critical update to a previous feature article from us (Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2012, 33, 958−971), and highlights the latest advances in the preparation of single chain polymeric nanoparticles and initial—yet promising—attempts towards mimicking the structure of natural biomacromolecules via single‐chain folding of well‐defined linear polymers via so‐called single chain selective point folding and repeat unit folding. The contribution covers selected examples from the literature published up to ca. September 2015. Our aim is not to provide an exhaustive review but rather highlight a selection of new and exciting examples for single‐chain folding based on advanced macromolecular precision chemistry. Initially, the discussion focuses on the synthesis and characterization of single‐chain folded structures via selective point folding. The second part of the feature article addresses the folding of well‐defined single‐chain polymers by means of repeat unit folding. The current state of the art in the field of single‐chain folding indicates that repeat unit folding‐driven nanoparticle preparation is well‐advanced, while initial encouraging steps towards building selective point folding systems have been taken. In addition, a summary of the—in our view—open key questions is provided that may guide future biomimetic design efforts.
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Uterine adenosarcomas are mesenchymal neoplasms
Authors: Piscuoglio Salvatore , Burke Kathleen A , Ng Charlotte KY , Papanastasiou Anastasios D , Geyer Felipe C , Macedo Gabriel S , Martelotto Luciano G , de Bruijn Ino , De Filippo Maria R , Schultheis Anne M , Ioris Rafael A , Levine Douglas A , Soslow Robert A , Rubin Brian P , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Weigelt Britta 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUterine adenosarcomas (UAs) are biphasic lesions composed of a malignant mesenchymal (ie stromal) component and an epithelial component. UAs are generally low‐grade and have a favourable prognosis, but may display sarcomatous overgrowth (SO), which is associated with a worse outcome. We hypothesized that, akin to breast fibroepithelial lesions, UAs are mesenchymal neoplasms in which clonal somatic genetic alterations are restricted to the mesenchymal component. To characterize the somatic genetic alterations in UAs and to test this hypothesis, we subjected 20 UAs to a combination of whole‐exome (n = 6), targeted capture (n = 13) massively parallel sequencing (MPS) and/or RNA sequencing (n = 6). Only three genes, FGFR2, KMT2C and DICER1, were recurrently mutated, all in 2/19 cases; however, 26% (5/19) and 21% (4/19) of UAs harboured MDM2/CDK4/HMGA2 and TERT gene amplification, respectively, and two cases harboured fusion genes involving NCOA family members. Using a combination of laser‐capture microdissection and in situ techniques, we demonstrated that the somatic genetic alterations detected by MPS were restricted to the mesenchymal component. Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA sequencing of microdissected samples revealed that epithelial and mesenchymal components of UAs were clonally unrelated. In conclusion, here we provide evidence that UAs are genetically heterogeneous lesions and mesenchymal neoplasms. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conscientiousness and mindfulness in midlife coping: An assessment based on MIDUS II
Authors: Sesker Amanda A. , Súilleabháin Páraic Ó , Howard Siobhán , Hughes Brian M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that conscientious individuals tend to engage in planful problem solving to cope with stressful situations. Likewise, mindful individuals tend to favour approach‐based coping and are less likely to engage in avoidant coping strategies. To examine whether conscientiousness and mindfulness determined agentic coping behaviour, hierarchical linear regressions were conducted using data from 602 participants drawn from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) Study II and MIDUS II Biomarker Project. Personality responses were derived from the five‐factor model inventory, gathered at a single time‐point. Results revealed that conscientiousness predicted problem‐focused coping (p < 0.001; β = 0.23) and inversely predicted emotion‐focused coping respectively (p < 0.001; β = −0.14), even after controlling for remaining Big Five and confounding variables. Mindfulness also predicted problem‐focused coping (p < 0.001; β = 0.21). Neuroticism predicted emotion‐focused coping (p < 0.001; β = 0.40). These findings suggest that conscientiousness and mindfulness may contribute to coping responses in potentially healthful ways, highlighting new evidence regarding the potential protective role of conscientiousness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.