bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep hydrothermal fluid–rock interaction: the thermal springs of Da Qaidam, China
Authors: Stober I. , Zhong J. , Zhang L. , Bucher K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHot water flows from springs along the border fault system at the SW rim of the Qilian Mountains near the city of Da Qaidam (Qinghai Province, Western China). The outflow temperature is close to 72°C, and the clear water contains about 1.4 g l−1 total dissolved solids. The water contains predominantly Na and Cl, and significant and equal amounts of hydrogen carbonate and sulfate. The water originates from a fractured granite reservoir at about 5 km depth, suggested by the estimated Qtz and Na–K equilibrium temperatures of 130–150°C. The solutes are derived from the interaction of the deep ground water with the solids of the fractured granite. However, the high Cl/Br mass ratio of about 550 in the deep water and the composition of surface runoff suggest the presence of an additional evaporite component introduced by surface infiltration. The source of this surface component is probably eolian deposits of halite, gypsum, and borate minerals from the salt flats and deserts of the Qaidam Basin on the slopes of the Qilian Mountains. The deep hydrothermal flow system is topography driven, and the upwelling water is focused and channeled to the damage zone of the Qilian border fault.
Long‐term liver‐related morbidity and mortality related to chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Swedish patients with inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Holmström M. , Nangarhari A. , Öhman J. , Duberg A.‐S. , Majeed A. , Aleman S. 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in patients with inherited bleeding disorders treated with clotting factor concentrates prior to the introduction of viral inactivation of these products. The long‐term consequences of hepatitis C infection in Swedish patients are not fully understood.AimTo examine the impact of HCV infection on liver‐related morbidity and mortality in Swedish patients with inherited bleeding disorders.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data on 183 patients with inherited bleeding disorders infected with HCV who attended the Coagulation Unit at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. Data regarding end‐stage liver disease (ESLD), defined as presence of ascites, encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, hepatocellular carcinoma or liver‐related death, were collected from the patient records and the national registers.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 35.9 years (IQR 29.0–41.2). A total of 41% had achieved sustained virological response (SVR) after treatment. In total, 14.2% developed ESLD at the median age of 52.6 years (IQR 46.5–64.7). Nineteen (35.8%) of all deaths were due to liver‐related causes. Co‐infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), older age at time of infection and severe form of bleeding disorder was associated with higher risk of developing ESLD, while SVR was a strong protective factor.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that liver‐related morbidity and mortality was significant in patients with bleeding disorders and HCV infection in Sweden. Patients with HCV‐infection should be candidates for treatment with the new highly effective antiviral drugs, since SVR proved to be a strong protective factor.
Obstetric bleeding among women with inherited bleeding disorders: a retrospective study
Authors: Hawke L. , Grabell J. , Sim W. , Thibeault L. , Muir E. , Hopman W. , Smith G. , James P. 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionWomen with inherited bleeding disorders are at increased risk for bleeding complications during pregnancy and the postpartum period, particularly postpartum haemorrhage (PPH).AimThis retrospective study evaluates pregnancy management through the Inherited Bleeding Disorders Clinic of Southeastern Ontario, the clinical factors associated with pregnancy‐related abnormal bleeding and assesses tranexamic acid use in the postpartum treatment of bleeding disorder patients.MethodsA chart review of 62 pregnancies, from 33 women, evaluated patient characteristics (age, haemostatic factor levels) and delivery conditions (mode of delivery, postpartum treatment) in relation to abnormal postpartum bleeding.ResultsThis cohort revealed increased risk of immediate PPH with increased age at delivery (mean age: 30.1 years with PPH, 26.5 years without PPH, P < 0.013), and birth by vaginal delivery (P < 0.042). Low von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen or factor VIII (FVIII) in the third trimester was not associated with an increased risk of PPH; however, low VWF:RCo was associated with increased immediate PPH despite treatment with continuous factor infusion (P < 0.042). Women treated with tranexamic acid postpartum had less severe bleeding in the 6‐week postpartum (P < 0.049) with no thrombotic complications.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the growing body of work aimed at optimizing management of bleeding disorder patients through pregnancy and the postpartum period, showing patients are at a higher risk of PPH as they age. Risk factors such as low third trimester VWF:RCo have been identified. Treatment with tranexamic acid in the postpartum period is associated with a reduced incidence of abnormal postpartum bleeding.
The Longitudinal Course of Pain and Analgesic Therapy Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Cohort Study
Authors: Morad Athir H. , Tamargo Rafael J. , Gottschalk Allan 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the duration, intensity, location, and usual treatment of pain throughout hospitalization following subarachnoid hemorrhage.BackgroundHeadache following subarachnoid hemorrhage can be sudden and severe. Little is known about the longitudinal course of headache or its analgesic therapy following the initial diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.MethodsA prospectively maintained database of 564 patients diagnosed with cerebral aneurysms collected from 10/2009 to 2/2013 was searched for conscious patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Available electronic records were queried for pain scores (0‐10/10), location, and analgesic consumption.ResultsForty‐six adults with subarachnoid hemorrhage met eligibility criteria for inclusion. Mean [CI 95] daily pain was 3.8 [3.2, 4.4] and maximal daily pain was 5.8 [5.1, 6.6]. Eighty‐nine percent of patients reported severe pain of 7‐10/10, and 63% of patients reported 10/10 pain at some point during hospitalization. While mean [CI 95] pain declined over the course of hospital stay at a rate of 0.06 [0.04, 0.07] units/day (P < .001), mean [CI 95] maximal daily pain changed at a rate of −0.03 [−0.06, 0.01] units/day, which is not significantly different than zero (P = .15). Pain was located primarily in the head in 76% of subjects but pain in the back, neck, limbs, and eyes was also reported. All patients received oral acetaminophen with increasing daily doses. All but three patients, received opioids, most commonly intravenous fentanyl and oral oxycodone. The mean [95 CI] intravenous morphine equivalent dose of opioids consumed was 15.7 [10.3, 21.1] mg/day and changed at a rate of −0.11 [−0.37, 0.15] mg/day which is not significantly different than zero (P = .40).ConclusionDespite steady consumption of analgesics, the pain reported by conscious patients while recovering from subarachnoid hemorrhage in the hospital is often severe and persists throughout hospitalization.
What factors influence successful recruitment of siblings of individuals with first episode psychosis to e‐health interventions? A qualitative study
Authors: Sin Jacqueline , Henderson Claire , Spain Debbie , Gamble Catherine , Norman Ian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecruitment to clinical research studies can prove complex. This is particularly true of mental health research, given factors such as confidentiality, capacity and consent, or when attempting to recruit family members as opposed to service users themselves.AimThis study investigated the challenges experienced and strategies employed in the recruitment of siblings of people with first episode psychosis using Early Intervention in Psychosis Services (EIPS) in England.MethodsAs part of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an e‐health intervention for siblings, we conducted a process evaluation study whereby semistructured interview was undertaken with clinical and research staff involved in recruitment of siblings. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsTwelve participants from six EIPS were interviewed. Data analysis revealed seven key themes: (i) limited comprehensive family data available; (ii) data governance and consent issues; (iii) organizational factors; (iv) convoluted recruitment methods; (v) concerns about service users' opinions; (vi) fluidity in siblings' needs and expectations; and (vii) strategies to enhance recruitment.ConclusionsRecruitment challenges identified in this study concerned administrative, organizational, process and attitudinal issues. These are similar to other studies recruiting mental health service users as well as family members. Failure to recruit to target implies that studies are underpowered to detect potential statistically or clinically meaningful changes. Future studies should establish how best to enhance family inclusiveness in clinical practice and research.
Content analysis of public opinion on sexual expression and dementia: Implications for nursing home policy development
Authors: Syme Maggie L. , Yelland Erin , Cornelison Laci , Poey Judith L. , Krajicek Ryan , Doll Gayle 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeWe examined public opinion of sexual expression and dementia to inform nursing home policy and practice.Design and MethodsA content analysis was conducted on public comments (N=1194) posted in response to a New York Times article about a highly publicized legal case involving a husband engaging in sexual acts with his wife who had dementia, living in a nursing home. Researchers utilized constant comparative analysis to code the comments; reliability analysis showed moderately strong agreement at the subcategory level. Data were also coded to indicate whether the commenter thought the couple should or should not have been allowed to be sexual.ResultsOne primary theme was identified: conditions necessary for someone to be sexual. Six categories were identified within this theme, with the public commentary considering factors such as marital relationships, intimacy needs and several sexual consent‐related issues as key conditions necessary to be sexual in a nursing home setting. Overall, the majority of commenters were in support of sexual expression for an individual with dementia in the described situation.DiscussionThis study revealed sexual expression among individuals with dementia is a contentious issue with strong public opinions about how this should be managed in a nursing home setting. These opinions should be considered as policy related to sexual expression in nursing homes is developed.
THE EURASIAN ORIGINS OF EMPTY TIME AND SPACE: MODERNITY AS TEMPORALITY RECONSIDERED
Authors: REDDY WILLIAM M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTUnderstood as a form of temporality, modernity is seen as consisting of empty time and space. However, careful examination of the origins of modern notions of empty time and space suggest they arose from background assumptions in wide use across Eurasia in the early modern period, and also that they arose prior to, and independent of, the emergence of the modern nation‐state. Here, various Eurasian versions of astronomy and philology are examined to show that they relied on such background assumptions and could therefore be readily translated and shared across the boundaries separating quite different cosmologies.
BONDSMEN AND SLAVES: SERVILE HISTORIES IN HEGEL AND NIETZSCHE
Authors: DENZ JACOB 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTRecent readings of what is commonly known as the dialectic of master and slave have tended to focus either philosophically on concepts such as desire, reflection, and recognition or historically on the specific nature of the economic relation it evokes. In this paper I challenge that division of proper objects, arguing that Hegel's dialectic and its reception raises the question how the nature of servitude (whether that of a bondsman or that of a slave) structures not only the emergence of historical agency but also the relationship between history and philosophy. The importance of reflection in Hegel's treatment of the dialectic of lord and bondsman is both clearly stated and structural. Alexandre Kojève's reading of this dialectic makes explicit that human history originates in it, but, unlike Hegel, Kojève does not emphasize the product of the slave's labor. Judith Butler's reading of the dialectic in Hegel and Kojève locates the difference between Hegel's bondsman and Kojève's slave within the structure of servitude itself as a Foucauldian opposition between “body” and “life.” In On the Use and Abuse of History for Life, Friedrich Nietzsche differentiates between two varieties of servile work on the basis not of what is produced but instead to whom service is rendered, announcing what turns out to be a problematic familiar from both the Old and New Testaments: the impossibility of service to two masters. In a typically perspectival turn, Nietzsche shows that servitude is a condition of possibility not only of human history but also of its academic study. Self‐conscious historians must thus take into account not only the dependence of their object of study upon relations of servitude but also their own place within such relations.
WRITING THE HISTORY OF SPINOZISM
Authors: Matysik Tracie 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIn this essay I reflect on Knox Peden's Spinoza contra Phenomenology, a history of French rationalist Spinozism in the mid‐twentieth century. The book marks an important intervention in modern French and European intellectual history, depicting the importance of Baruch Spinoza's thought in the negotiation of and resistance to the phenomenology that captivated much of twentieth‐century French intellectual life. With philosophical and historical sophistication, Peden tells the story of several relatively overlooked thinkers while also providing substantially new contexts and interpretations of the well‐known Louis Althusser and Gilles Deleuze. While accounting for Peden's major accomplishment, my aim is also to situate his work among a number of recent works in the history of Spinozism in order to reflect on the specific methodological questions that pertain to the widely varying appropriations of Spinoza's thought since the seventeenth century. In particular, I reflect on Peden's claim that Spinoza's thought cannot provide an actionable politics, a claim that runs counter to nearly two centuries of leftist forms of Spinozism. I offer a short account of some of the ways that theorists have mobilized Spinoza's thought for political purposes, redefining “action” itself in Spinozist terms. I then conclude by reflecting on the dimensions of Spinoza's thought (and recent interpretations of it) that make it possible for such significantly different claims about its political potential to be credible.
HISTORY, ANTHROPOLOGY, COLONIALISM, AND THE STUDY OF INDIA
Authors: Fuller C. J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTAutobiography of an Archive is a collection of essays by Nicholas B. Dirks written since 1991, preceded by an autobiographical introduction. This review article discusses the collection in relation to Dirks's overall scholarship and the wider intellectual field in which history, anthropology, and colonialism intersect in the study of India. Dirks has written three books: The Hollow Crown (1987), an “ethnohistory” of a “little kingdom” in south India; Castes of Mind (2001), about colonialism, anthropology, and caste in India; and The Scandal of Empire (2006), which discusses the foundations of British imperial sovereignty. In The Hollow Crown and other writings, Dirks significantly contributed to the debate about the “rapprochement” between anthropology and history, which was prominent in the 1980s. But in the 1990s, Dirks thought, the rapprochement ground to a halt; the relationship between anthropology and colonialism then came to the fore, and Castes of Mind, as well as some of these essays, were influential critical studies of colonial anthropology. In recent essays, Dirks has examined the “politics of knowledge” and the postwar development of South Asian area studies in the United States. This article argues that although the relationship between anthropology and history is now rarely debated, historical anthropology has continued to develop since the 1980s. Moreover, anthropologists in general now recognize that history matters, and that colonialism crucially shaped modern society and culture in India, and other former colonial territories. Many of Dirks's conclusions about, for example, Indian kingdoms and caste in colonial discourse, have been criticized by other scholars. Nonetheless, anthropological writing, especially on India, is no longer unhistorical, as it once often was, and Dirks's scholarship has played a valuable part in bringing about this change.
An assessment of the relationship between the World Health Organization HIV drug resistance early warning indicators and HIV drug resistance acquisition
Authors: St‐Jean M , Harrigan PR , Sereda P , Montaner JSG , Lima VD 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesThe World Health Organization (WHO)'s HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) early warning indicators (EWIs) measure antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐site factors associated with HIVDR prevention, without HIVDR laboratory testing. We assessed the relationship between EWIs and HIVDR acquisition using data from British Columbia, Canada.MethodsEligible patients were ART‐naïve, were ≥ 19 years old, had initiated ART between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012, had ≥ 15 months of follow‐up, and were without transmitted HIVDR. Patients were followed for acquired HIVDR until 31 March 2014, the last contact date, or death. We built logistic regression models to assess the associations and predictive ability of individual indicators and of the EWI Score (the number of indicators for which a patient did not meet the criteria) on HIVDR acquisition (to any class of HIVDR, lamivudine (3TC)/emtricitabine (FTC), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) or protease inhibitors (PIs)]).ResultsAll explored EWIs were associated with at least one class of HIVDR, with the exception of ‘ART prescribing practices’. We observed a dose–response relationship between acquiring HIVDR to any antiretroviral class and an increasing EWI score in our predictive logistic regression model. The area under the curve was 0.848 (excellent discrimination). The adjusted odds ratios for acquiring any class of HIVDR for an EWI score of 1, 2 and ≥ 3 versus 0 were 2.30 [95% confidence Interval (CI) 1.21–4.38], 3.35 (95% CI: 1.86–6.03) and 7.26 (95% CI: 4.18–12.61), respectively.ConclusionsSeveral EWIs were associated with and predictive of HIVDR, supporting the WHO EWIs as a component of the HIVDR prevention method in settings where HIVDR testing is not routinely or widely available.
Flyway population delineation in Taiga Bean Geese Anser fabalis fabalis revealed by multi‐element feather stable isotope analysis
Authors: Fox Anthony D. , Hobson Keith A. , de Jong Adriaan , Kardynal Kevin J. , Koehler Geoff , Heinicke Thomas 
Published: October 2016

Fundamental to effective management of migratory waterbird populations is an understanding of their flyway delineation. Taiga Bean Geese Anser fabalis fabalis wintering in NW Denmark, Scotland and England are considered to originate from northern and central Sweden, southern and central Norway (‘Western flyway’), those wintering in southern Sweden, NE and southern Denmark are considered to originate from northern Fennoscandia and western Russia (‘Central flyway’), and those wintering in eastern Germany and Poland (which show far less favourable conservation status) are thought to come from western Siberia (‘Eastern 1 flyway’), although evidence to demonstrate this has largely been lacking. Evidence for different natal and moult origins of Taiga Bean Geese was investigated using stable isotope analyses of feathers of four elements (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N and δ34S). There were significant differences in isotopic composition of feathers from Swedish (Central) and German (Eastern 1) wintering populations and those moulting in Sweden in late summer (Western), which validated the three proposed major management flyway units above. The strong continental gradient in the stable hydrogen isotope ratios in precipitation (δ2Hp) across the region was used to assign wintering birds geospatially to natal and moulting origin, indicating separate natal and moulting areas for German (n = 37, from western Siberia) and Swedish (n = 20, Fennoscandia and more western Russia) wintering birds. These results confirm the largely discrete nature of these three flyways and contribute significantly to our ability to deliver effective targeted and appropriate research, monitoring and management actions throughout the ranges of these flyways.
Efficiency and apical extrusion of debris: a comparative ex vivo study of four retreatment techniques in severely curved root canals
Authors: Kaşıkçı Bilgi İ. , Köseler İ. , Güneri P. , Hülsmann M. , Çalışkan M. K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo compare the amount of apically extruded debris and of remaining filling material during the removal of root canal filling material using three rotary NiTi retreatment instruments or Hedström files.MethodologyNinety‐six severely curved human molars of both jaws were selected. The root canals were prepared to size X2 (tip size 25, .06 taper) using the ProTaper Next system (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany) and then randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 24 each) with two subgroups of maxillary and mandibular teeth each. An experimental model was used as a phantom head to simulate the upper and lower jaws. The root filling materials were removed with one of the following files using a crown‐down preparation technique: I. Hedström files (H‐files) (VDW, Munich, Germany), II. R‐Endo (Micro‐Mega, Besançon, France), III. Reciproc (VDW) and IV. ProTaper Universal Retreatment system (PTU‐R) (Dentsply Maillefer). Apically extruded material was collected in vials, which were weighed with a microbalance (10−5 g) before and after the retreatment. The area of residual filling material in the coronal, middle and apical root level was assessed using digital analysis. These data were analysed statistically using ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsReciproc was associated with significantly less extruded debris than the H‐files (P = 0.009). No significant differences were detected amongst the four retreatment techniques concerning residual filling material (P = 0.082). The amount of extruded debris and areas of remaining filling material were not correlated (P = 0.901). Location of teeth in the maxilla or mandible had no impact on the amount of extruded debris within each instrument group (P = 0.609). However, when teeth were evaluated in general irrespective of the instruments, significantly more debris was extruded in the mandibular location (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAll retreatment systems were associated with apical extrusion of debris, but H‐files extruded significantly more material than Reciproc. Remnants of filling material were observed in all samples with no significant differences between the four techniques.