bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Polypharmacy Use Among Adult Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Balkhi Bander , AlQahtani Nasser , Alwhaibi Monira , Alshammari Thamir M. , Alhawassi Tariq M. , Mahmoud Mansour A. , Almetwazi Mansour , Ata Sondus , Basyoni Mada , Aljadhey Hisham 
Published: October 2017

Background
Polypharmacy is very common in clinical practice, especially among adult patients. The use of multiple medications may increase the risk of adverse drug events, medication cost, and medication errors. In addition, polypharmacy exacerbates treatment complexity, which consequently leads to poor patients’ adherence to their medications. Despite being a well-recognized problem, few studies have investigated the prevalence and predictors of polypharmacy in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives
The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy among adult patients in a tertiary teaching hospital and to determine patients’ characteristics that are associated with polypharmacy.

Methods
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using data extracted from the electronic health records database for a period of 6 months between January and June 2016 in outpatient setting. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the study sample. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the association between different variables and polypharmacy. Statistical analysis software (SAS 9.2) was used to analyze the study data.

Results
A total of 17,237 observations (67.2% females) were included in the final analysis. Of these, nearly 54% (n = 9222) of reported observations were found using up to four prescription drugs and the other 46% (n = 8015) were using five or more prescription drugs. Interestingly, the prevalence of polypharmacy use was doubled among adults with hypertension as compared with those without hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.51–2.87). In addition, polypharmacy use was two times more prevalent among adults with diabetes as compared with those without diabetes (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.99–2.28) and five times more prevalent in patient with dementia (OR = 5.57, 95% CI = 1.26–24.7). Moreover, polypharmacy in adult patients was significantly influenced by sex (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.59–1.80) and nationality (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 2.00–2.31).

Conclusions
Polypharmacy is common among adult patients especially those who are older than 60 years. Polypharmacy may affect the overall process of drug therapy. It can be a risk factor to develop undesirable adverse drug events, especially in those with chronic health conditions. A special care should be taken to manage polypharmacy among adults in Saudi Arabia.
Emerging multidrug-resistant Candida species
Authors: Colombo Arnaldo L. , Júnior João N. de Almeida , Guinea Jesus 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of reviewTo describe the epidemiology, strategies for early detection, and clinical management of infections caused by the most commonly found multidrug-resistant (MDR)Candidaspp.Recent findingsIncreasing numbers of reports describing invasive infections by MDRCandida aurisandCandida glabratahas been reported in medical centers worldwide.SummaryWe checked all papers published along the last 10 years describing epidemiological, diagnostic, and clinical aspects of infections by MDRCandidaspp., with emphasis onC. aurisandC. glabrataspp.C. aurishas been reported in 15 countries and multidrug resistance rates is usually above 30%. Horizontal transmission is a great concern regardingC. auris.C. glabrataranks the second most reportedCandidaspp. in deep-seated infections from United States and some European Centers, although multidrug resistance rates above 10% are restricted to some US centers.Candida haemuloniicomplex isolates with poor susceptibility to azoles and amphotericin B have been isolated in superficial and deep-seated infections, whereasCandida guilliiermondiicomplex isolates with poor susceptibility to azoles and echinocandins have been recovered from catheter-related bloodstream infections. Other potential MDRCandidaspecies areCandida krusei,Candida lusitaniae,Candida kefyr,Yarrowia(Candida)lypolitica,andCandidarugosa.
Quantum phase slips: from condensed matter to ultracold quantum gases
Authors: D'Errico C. , Abbate S. Scaffidi , Modugno G. 
Published: October 2017

Quantum phase slips (QPS) are the primary excitations in one-dimensional superfluids and superconductors at low temperatures. They have been well characterized in most condensed-matter systems, and signatures of their existence have been recently observed in superfluids based on quantum gases too. In this review, we briefly summarize the main results obtained on the investigation of phase slips from superconductors to quantum gases. In particular, we focus our attention on recent experimental results of the dissipation in one-dimensional Bose superfluids flowing along a shallow periodic potential, which show signatures of QPS.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Breakdown of ergodicity in quantum systems: from solids to synthetic matter’.
Functional reorganisation and recovery following cortical lesions: A study in macaque monkeys
Authors: Ainsworth Matthew , Browncross Helen , Mitchell Daniel J , Mitchell Anna S , Passingham Richard E , Buckley Mark J , Duncan John , Bell Andrew H 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTDamage following traumatic brain injury or stroke can often extend beyond the boundaries of the initial insult and can lead to maladaptive cortical reorganisation. On the other hand, beneficial cortical reorganisation leading to recovery of function can also occur. Here, we used resting state FMRI (rsFMRI) to examine how functional connectivity in the macaque brain changed across time in response to lesions to the prefrontal cortex, and how this reorganisation correlated with changes in behaviour. Two monkeys were trained to perform location-based and object-based delayed match-to-sample tasks. We also collected rsFMRI data under general anaesthesia at two pre-lesion time-points, separated by 3-4 weeks. After two cycles of testing and scanning, the animals received a principal sulcus lesion followed by an additional 4 cycles of testing and scanning. Later, the same animals received a second lesion to the opposite hemisphere and additional cycles of testing and scanning.Both animals showed a marked behavioural impairment following the first lesion, which was associated with a decrease in functional connectivity, predominantly within frontal-frontal networks in both hemispheres. Approximately 8 weeks following the lesion, performance improved, as did functional connectivity within these networks. Following the second lesion, functional connectivity again decreased and this was associated with a marginal behavioural deficit that did not recover.Our data show that behavioural impairments reflect not just the removal of the lesioned area, but also disturbance to an extensive cortical network. This network can recover by restoring and/or strengthening pre-existing connections, leading to improvement in behaviour.
Cross talk between photo-pigments and graphene electron cloud - Designing a biodiode
Authors: Ray Sanhita , Sen Sayantani , Das Alakananda , Bose Anirban , Bhattacharya Anirban , Das Avishek , Chattopadhyay Sanatan , Patra Hirak , Singha Shib Shankar , Singha Achintya , Dasgupta Anjan Kr. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report emergence of a new electrical material by growing photosynthetic biofilm on a Dirac material, graphene. The material showed new conducting as well as semiconducting properties. Frequency dependent capacitive spectra further indicated presence of electrical isosbestic points(at 0.8 and 9MHz), implying two state dieletric transitions at critical frequencies. A notable reult was a Schottky diode like behavior in the IV curve. Voltage dependent conductance with conductance peaks near the Schottky diode threshold was observed. We obtained facilitated growth of photosynthetic biofilm in presence of graphene. Lastly higher bacterial metabolism was seen in graphene incorporated biofilm. For this zero band gap Dirac material this can only be interpreted as coupling of the electron transport chain of the bacterial biofilm and the graphene electron cloud.
Reproducibility and repeatability of six high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing protocols for microbiota profiling
Authors: Raju Sajan C. , Lagström Sonja , Ellonen Pekka , de Vos Willem M. , Eriksson Johan G. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Rounge Trine B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCulture-independent molecular techniques and advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies make large-scale epidemiological studies on microbiota feasible. A challenge using NGS is to obtain high reproducibility and repeatability, which is mostly attained through robust amplification. We aimed to assess the reproducibility of saliva microbiota by comparing triplicate samples. The microbiota was produced with simplified in-house 16S amplicon assays taking advantage of large number of barcodes. The assays included primers with Truseq (TS-tailed) or Nextera (NX-tailed) adapters and either with dual index or dual index plus a 6-nt internal index. All amplification protocols produced consistent microbial profiles for the same samples. Although, in our study, reproducibility was highest for the TS-tailed method. Five replicates of a single sample, prepared with the TS-tailed 1-step protocol without internal index sequenced on the HiSeq platform provided high alpha-diversity and low standard deviation (mean Shannon and Inverse Simpson diversity was 3.19 ± 0.097 and 13.56 ± 1.634 respectively). Large-scale profiling of microbiota can consistently be produced by all 16S amplicon assays. The TS-tailed-1S dual index protocol is preferred since it provides repeatable profiles on the HiSeq platform and are less labour intensive.
Contribution of non-coding mutations to RPGRIP1-mediated inherited retinal degeneration
Authors: Jamshidi Farzad , Place Emily M. , Mehrotra Sudeep , Navarro-Gomez Daniel , Maher Mathew , Valkanas Elise , Cherry Timothy J. , Lek Monkol , MacArthur Daniel , Pierce Eric A. , Bujakowska Kinga M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeWith the advent of gene therapies for inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs), genetic diagnostics will have an increasing role in clinical decision-making. Yet the genetic cause of disease cannot be identified using exon-based sequencing for a significant portion of patients. We hypothesized that non-coding mutations contribute significantly to the genetic causality of IRDs and evaluated patients with single coding mutations in RPGRIP1 to test this hypothesis.MethodsIRD families underwent targeted panel sequencing. Unsolved cases were explored by whole exome and genome sequencing looking for additional mutations. Candidate mutations were then validated by Sanger sequencing, quantitative PCR, and in vitro splicing assays in two cell lines analyzed through amplicon sequencing.ResultsAmong 1722 families, three had biallelic loss of function mutations in RPGRIP1 while seven had a single disruptive coding mutation. Whole exome and genome sequencing revealed potential non-coding mutations in these seven families. In six, the non-coding mutations were shown to lead to loss of function in vitro.ConclusionNon-coding mutations were identified in 6 of 7 families with single coding mutations in RPGRIP1. The results suggest that non-coding mutations contribute significantly to the genetic causality of IRDs and RPGRIP1–mediated IRDs are more common than previously thought.
Behavioral and neural evidence of the rewarding value of exercise behaviors: A systematic review
Authors: Cheval Boris , Radel Rémi , Neva Jason L. , Boyd Lara A. , Swinnen Stephan P. , Sander David , Boisgontier Matthieu P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn a time of physical inactivity pandemic, attempts to better understand the factors underlying the regulation of exercise behavior are important. The dominant neurobiological approach to exercise behavior considers physical activity to be a reward. However, negative affective responses during exercise challenge this idea.ObjectiveOur objective was to systematically review studies testing the automatic reactions triggered by stimuli associated with different types of exercise behavior (e.g., physical activity, sedentary behaviors) and energetic cost variations (e.g., decreased energetic cost, irrespective of the level of physical activity).MethodsTwo authors systematically searched, screened, extracted, and analyzed data from articles in the MEDLINE database.ResultsWe included 26 studies. Three outcomes of automatic processes were tested: Affective reactions, attentional capture, and approach tendencies. Behavioral results show that physical activity can become attention-grabbing, automatically trigger positive affect, and elicit approach behaviors. These automatic reactions explain and predict exercise behaviors. However, the use of a wide variety of measures prevents drawing solid conclusions about the specific effects of automatic processes. Brain imaging results are scarce but show that stimuli associated with physical activity and, to a lesser extent, sedentary behaviors activate regions involved in reward processes. Studies investigating the rewarding value of behaviors driving energetic cost variations such as behaviors minimizing energetic cost are lacking.ConclusionReward is an important factor in exercise behavior. The literature based on the investigation of automatic behaviors seems in line with the suggestion that physical activity is rewarding, at least for physically active individuals. Results suggest that sedentary behaviors could also be rewarding, although this evidence remains weak due to a lack of investigations. Finally, from an evolutionary perspective, behaviors minimizing energetic cost are likely to be rewarding. However, no study has investigated this hypothesis. In sum, additional studies are required to establish a strong and complete framework of the reward processes underlying automatic exercise behavior.Key points- Behavioral and brain imaging studies using different outcomes of automatic behavior show that physical activity and, to a weaker extent, sedentary behaviors are rewarding.- Behaviors minimizing energetic cost have been essential to evolutionary survival and are likely to be rewarding. However, experimental evidence is still lacking.- The dominant neuropsychological approaches to exercise behavior are incomplete, which may partly explain our current inability to counteract the pandemic of physical inactivity.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of auxin signaling during seedling development
Authors: Kelley Dior R. , Shen Zhouxin , Walley Justin W. , Chapman Elisabeth J. , Briggs Steven P. , Estelle Mark 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAuxin induces rapid gene expression changes throughout plant development. How these transcriptional responses relate to changes in protein abundance is not well characterized. We have identified auxin regulated proteins in whole seedlings, roots and hypocotyls and at three different time points (30 min, 120 min and 3 hours) using an iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) based quantitative proteomics approach. These profiling experiments detected 4,701 proteins from seedling tissue, 6,740 proteins from root tissue and 3,925 proteins from hypocotyl tissue. Comparisons between the differentially expressed proteins data sets showed little overlap, suggesting that auxin proteomes exhibit both temporal and spatial specificity. Numerous proteins showed significant changes in abundance following auxin treatment independent of changes in cognate transcript abundance. This includes several well characterized proteins with various roles in auxin pathways, suggesting that complex gene regulation mechanisms follow auxin signaling events. Specifically, regulation of translation may play a role as inferred from MapMan categorization analyses and protein interaction networks comprised of auxin regulated proteins. Additionally, functional categorization of auxin regulated proteins indicates rapid and complex metabolic changes occur in both roots and hypocotyls in response to auxin which are not apparent from transcriptome analyses. Altogether these data describe novel auxin-regulated proteomes and are an excellent resource for identifying new downstream signaling components related to auxin-mediated plant growth and development.
INFERNO - INFERring the molecular mechanisms of NOncoding genetic variants
Authors: Amlie-Wolf Alexandre , Tang Mitchell , Mlynarski Elisabeth E. , Kuksa Pavel P. , Valladares Otto , Katanic Zivadin , Tsuang Debby , Brown Christopher D. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Wang Li-San 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe majority of variants identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reside in the noncoding genome, where they affect regulatory elements including transcriptional enhancers. We propose INFERNO (INFERring the molecular mechanisms of NOncoding genetic variants), a novel method which integrates hundreds of diverse functional genomics data sources with GWAS summary statistics to identify putatively causal noncoding variants underlying association signals. INFERNO comprehensively infers the relevant tissue contexts, target genes, and downstream biological processes affected by causal variants. We apply INFERNO to schizophrenia GWAS data, recapitulating known schizophrenia-associated genes includingCACNA1Cand discovering novel signals related to transmembrane cellular processes.
CoDEX2: full-spectrum copy number variation detection by high-throughput DNA sequencing
Authors: Jiang Yuchao , Wang Rujin , Urrutia Eugene , Anastopoulos Ioannis N. , Nathanson Katherine L. , Zhang Nancy R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHigh-throughput DNA sequencing enables detection of copy number variations (CNVs) on the genome-wide scale with finer resolution compared to array-based methods, but suffers from biases and artifacts that lead to false discoveries and low sensitivity. We describe CODEX2, a statistical framework for full-spectrum CNV profiling that is sensitive for variants with both common and rare population frequencies and that is applicable to study designs with and without negative control samples. We demonstrate and evaluate CODEX2 on whole-exome and targeted sequencing data, where biases are the most prominent. CODEX2 outperforms existing methods and, in particular, significantly improves sensitivity for common CNVs.
Open innovation: on the influence of internal and external collaboration on degree of newness
Authors: Lassen Astrid Heidemann , Laugen Bjørge Timenes 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the effect of internal and external collaboration on the degree of newness (incremental/radical) in innovation projects. This adds to the understanding of the particular patterns of open innovation (OI) and what characterizes the innovation emerging through this approach.Design/methodology/approachTests are performed on the effect of internal and external collaboration on the degree of newness (incremental/radical) in innovation projects. This adds to the understanding of the particular patterns of OI and what characterizes the innovation emerging through this approach. The empirical analysis is based on a data set including responses from 512 Danish engineers.FindingsThe results show that external collaboration has significantly different effects on the degree of newness depending on the type of external partners involved, and they also show that radical innovation output is positively related to involving the R&D department (internal) and universities (external involvement) and negatively related to involving suppliers.Originality/valueThe results provide a more detailed understanding of how different OI patterns affect the development of incremental vs radical innovation in existing organizations. In particular, three findings add new insights into how OI affects innovation to reach the highest degree of newness: high importance of collaboration with external partners with distinct interests and skills; low reliance on existing customers and suppliers for the development of radical innovation; and narrow and focused internal involvement rather than broad internal involvement.
The establishment and simulation of bidirectional Cockcroft-Walton circuit model
Authors: Wu Guozeng , Dong Quanlin 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the stability of high voltage DC power supply and reduce the ripple.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted using the simulation analysis model and numerical calculation.

Findings
By increasing the output arm capacitance, the expression of ripple and times of the output arm capacitance and the auxiliary arm capacitance is derived. The output ripple is determined by the value of the output arm capacitance. Finally, the correctness of the method and the formula are verified using circuit simulation.

Originality value
This paper presents a method to improve the power supply stability.
Strategies for maximizing organizational absorptive capacity
Authors: Baškarada Saša , Koronios Andy 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss strategies for maximizing organizational absorptive capacity.Design/methodology/approachThe views presented here have been derived from authors’ extensive research and professional experience. Support for the claims made is provided through anecdotal evidence and related literature.FindingsThe viewpoint discusses how organizational absorptive capacity may be maximized through actions and interactions of a wide range of individual, managerial, organizational, and inter-organizational factors.Originality/valueThe viewpoint may assist practitioners with developing strategies for improving vicarious learning. From a theoretical perspective, the claims made in the paper present fertile ground for future empirical testing.
Minority children and academic resilience in the Nordic welfare states
Authors: Johnsen Anja , Ortiz-Barreda Gaby , Rekkedal Guro , Iversen Anette Christine 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to summarise and analyse empirical research on protective factors that promote academic resilience in ethnic minority children mainly aged between 13 and 18 years attending schools in the Nordic countries.Design/methodology/approachThis paper was opted for a literature review of 23 peer-reviewed quantitative articles published between 1999 and 2014. The analysis entailed protective factors at both the personal and environmental levels in ethnic minority children.FindingsSome minority children’s school performance may be just as good if not better than majority children when having similar or even lower socioeconomic status than majority children. Protective factors at the personal level included working hard, having a positive attitude towards school, and having high educational aspirations. Protective factors at the environmental level included supportive school systems, supportive schools, and supportive networks including parental qualities and support. The findings are comparable to the findings outside the Nordic countries with one exception; minority children in the Nordic countries performed better than expected despite socioeconomic disadvantages.Research limitations/implicationsProtective factors affecting academic resilience need further attention in a time with an increased global migration. Research implications may be related to how schools and policy makers develop supportive school systems, supportive schools, and supportive networks to contribute to making a difference for minority children’s educational opportunities in the Nordic countries.Originality/valueAcademic resilience is a relatively new research field in the Nordic countries. This review is the first review which has summarised and analysed existing findings on academic resilience in the Nordic countries in minority children.