bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The predictive utility of the in utero exposome for childhood adiposity in independent and integrated frameworks
Authors: VanHawkins Jonathan , Peterson Ryan , Harrall Kylie , Moon Brandy , Dabelea Dana , Kechris Katerina , Perng Wei 
Published: September 2024

SummaryObjectivesTo assess the predictive potential of the in utero exposome in relation to childhood adiposity as indicated by body mass index z‐scores (BMIz) and the fourth versus first quartile of % fat mass (FM) at median age of 4.6 years.MethodsWe leveraged data on clinical risk factors for childhood obesity during the perinatal period, along with cord blood per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and cord blood DNA methylation, in 268 mother–offspring pairs. We used the sparsity ranked LASSO penalized regression framework for each outcome and assessed model performance based on % variability explained for BMIz and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the fourth versus first quartile of %FM. We employed cross‐validation for model tuning and split‐sample validation for model evaluation.ResultsMean ± SD BMIz was 0.01 ± 1.1, %FM was 19.8 ± 6.34%. The optimal model for predicting BMIz explained 19.1% of the variability in the validation set and included only clinical characteristics: maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, paternal BMI, gestational weight gain, physical activity during pregnancy and child race/ethnicity. The optimal model for fourth versus first quartiles of %FM achieved an AUC of 0.82 ± 0.01 in the validation set, with the clinical features again emerging as the strongest predictors.ConclusionIn this study sample, perinatal chemical exposures and the epigenome have low utility in predicting childhood adiposity, beyond known clinical risk factors.
From fat to fire: The lipid–inflammasome connection
Authors: Anand Paras K. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryInflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that play a crucial role in regulating immune responses by governing the activation of Caspase‐1, the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and the induction of inflammatory cell death, pyroptosis. The inflammasomes are pivotal in effective host defense against a range of pathogens. Yet, overt activation of inflammasome signaling can be detrimental. The most well‐studied NLRP3 inflammasome has the ability to detect a variety of stimuli including pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, environmental irritants, and endogenous stimuli released from dying cells. Additionally, NLRP3 acts as a key sensor of cellular homeostasis and can be activated by disturbances in diverse metabolic pathways. Consequently, NLRP3 is considered a key player linking metabolic dysregulation to numerous inflammatory disorders such as gout, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Recently, compelling studies have highlighted a connection between lipids and the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Lipids are integral to cellular processes that serve not only in maintaining the structural integrity and subcellular compartmentalization, but also in contributing to physiological equilibrium. Certain lipid species are known to define NLRP3 subcellular localization, therefore directly influencing the site of inflammasome assembly and activation. For instance, phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate plays a crucial role in NLRP3 localization to the trans Golgi network. Moreover, new evidence has demonstrated the roles of lipid biosynthesis and trafficking in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This review summarizes and discusses these emerging and varied roles of lipid metabolism in inflammasome activation. A deeper understanding of lipid‐inflammasome interactions may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
Low‐dielectric‐loss ZnZrNb2O8 ceramics combined with H3BO3 for low‐temperature co‐fired ceramics applications
Authors: Huang Zipeng , Qiao Jianli , Jia Wenxiao , Li Lingxia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractH3BO3 was used as the sintering additive to enable Zn0.997Cu0.003ZrNb2O8 ceramics to accomplish low‐temperature sintering and outstanding microwave dielectric performances. Composite ceramics were created using typical solid‐state processes. The effects of added H3BO3 on the sintering behavior, microstructural characteristics, vibrational properties, and microwave dielectric performances of Zn0.997Cu0.003ZrNb2O8 + x wt% H3BO3 (2 x 8) ceramics have been systematically investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction, Raman scattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and complex chemical bond theory. The results of relative density and microscopic morphology demonstrated that the application of an adequate quantity of H3BO3 additive can significantly enhance sintering properties. The doped H3BO3 alters the inter‐ionic interactions so that the structural features become intrinsic to the microwave dielectric performances. The particularly satisfactory microwave dielectric performances ( = 10.61, = 33 980 GHz, and = ‐45.10 ppm/°C) were detected in x = 6 ceramic specimens sintered at 950°C, which would make it promising for use in modern low temperature co‐fired ceramics technology.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Stone in a Wild Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Jaffe Jenny E. , Mätz‐Rensing Kerstin , Ulrich Markus , Gräßle Tobias , Behringer Verena , Wittig Roman M. , Leendertz Fabian H. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAn older wild female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) was found dead with a large calcium oxalate stone in the renal pelvis. Histopathological changes included glomerulosclerosis, interstitial nephritis and fibrosis, focal mineralization, and medial hypertrophy. Urinary albumin‐creatinine‐ratio showed increased values from 15 months before death. Causes of the kidney disease remain unconfirmed.
Low‐Dose Oral Minoxidil and Associated Adverse Events: Analyses of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) With a Focus on Pericardial Effusions
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Bamimore Mary A. , Abdel‐Qadir Husam , Williams Greg , Tosti Antonella , Piguet Vincent , Talukder Mesbah 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLow‐dose oral minoxidil (LDOM) is used to treat hair loss, but the literature on its safety profile is relatively sparse.AimsUsing the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, we determined signals for adverse events (AEs) with LDOM use.MethodsFour sets of case/noncase study disproportionality analyses were conducted to determine reporting odds ratio (ROR) for 10 AEs including pericardial effusion (PE). The oral minoxidil dose ranges were: (i) ≤1.25 mg (i.e., 0–1.25 mg), (ii) ≤2.5 mg (i.e., 0–2.5 mg), (iii) ≤5 mg (i.e., 0–5 mg), and (iv) ≤10 mg (i.e., 0–10 mg).ResultsFor ≤1.25 mg, we detected a signal for PE (ROR = 16.41, 95% CI: 2.29, 117.37, p < 0.05). For ≤2.5 mg, the analyses detected a signal for PE (ROR = 13.30, 95% CI: 5.96, 29.68, p < 0.05); the ROR in the absence of cardiac impairment was 5.34 (95% CI: 1.33, 21.37, p < 0.05); in the presence of cardiac impairment, the ROR was 49.42 (95% CI: 18.27, 133.66, p < 0.05). A signal for PE was also detected at ≤5 and ≤10 mg. For PE, there was a significant (p < 0.05) association with a patient outcome of “life threatening” only at the ≤10 mg dose range.ConclusionsOur study, the first FAERS‐based signal detection study for LDOM, found significant associations between LDOM use and several AEs. In the absence of causal evidence, these correlations warrant more attention regarding safe use of LDOM. Until more safety data are available, we recommend using LDOM at the lowest effective dose (≤5 mg/day).
Radiofrequency Improves Facial Fine Lines by Thermal Effect: Damage or Just Stimulation?
Authors: Bai Yubing , Ni Wei , Zhang Yiqiu , Jiang Zhixuan , Zhou Shengzhe , Yao Min 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRadiofrequency (RF) has been widely used for rejuvenation treatments, but without knowledge of the effective temperature of the target tissues or guidance on treatment parameters, it often leads to adverse reactions and pain. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that thermal stimulation can produce facial rejuvenation effects and to determine the optimal bipolar RF treatment parameters for treating facial fine lines.MethodsA bipolar RF device combined with CORE Technology was used in this study. Ex vivo studies were conducted on both miniature swine and human skin, utilizing thermographic thermometry and histological analysis. In vivo swine studies were conducted using histological analysis and electron microscopy. A clinical trial was conducted, and the results were evaluated using the Alexiades Comprehensive Grading Scale (ACGS) and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) scales.ResultsThe bipolar RF technology can produce a significant effect by thermally stimulating collagen within just 2 weeks without causing thermal damage. A clinical trial involving 46 patients showed a noticeable rejuvenating effect of the bipolar RF device, especially on fine wrinkles.ConclusionThis study confirmed that thermal stimulation, rather than thermal damage, is sufficient to achieve rejuvenation effects. The study also found a range of bipolar RF treatment parameters that are both safe and effective for facial fine lines.
The Clinical Efficacy of Lapachol in Facial Redness Reduction
Authors: Draelos Zoe Diana 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFacial erythema from acne, vascular rosacea, or photoaging is a common difficult–to‐treat dermatologic challenge.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the role of lapachol in alleviating facial erythema associated with a variety of common dermatologic conditions.MethodsTwenty‐five healthy female and male subjects 35–65 years of age of Fitzpatrick skin types I–II with mild‐to‐moderate stable facial erythema from acne, rosacea or photoaging were enrolled in a single‐site monadic study. Subjects received the study cream for twice daily application and were assessed at baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. The dermatologist investigator and subjects assessed efficacy and tolerability and facial photographic images were taken of all subjects at each visit. Noninvasive erythema assessments of the face were conducted using a colorimeter at baseline, Week 4, and Week 8 to document improvement in facial erythema.ResultsTwenty‐five out of 25 subjects successfully completed the study without tolerability issues including 12 subjects with rosacea, 6 subjects with photoaging and 7 subjects with acne. After 8 weeks of use, the investigator rated a 44% decrease in facial erythema while the subjects rated a 40% decrease. Facial erythema was also noninvasively assessed with a colorimeter and dermaspectrophotometer (DSP). There was a 26% decrease in skin redness at Week 4 and a 31% decrease in skin redness at Week 8 on the colorimeter L*a*b* scale. This finding was collaborated by the DSP which registered a 29% decrease on the erythema scale at Week 8.ConclusionLapachol in a moisturizer formulation was found to be effective in reducing facial erythema from acne, rosacea, and photoaging.
Effect of different preparation designs and material types on fracture resistance of minimally invasive posterior indirect adhesive restorations
Authors: Sheir Ahmed Issam , Al‐Zordk Walid , Sakrana Amal Abdelsamad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of various preparation designs and the material type on fracture resistance of minimally invasive posterior indirect adhesive restorations after aging using a digital standardization method.Materials and MethodsOne‐hundred sixty human maxillary premolars free from caries were assigned into 16 groups (n = 10): bevel design on enamel substrate with mesial box only (VEM), butt joint design on enamel substrate with mesial box only (BEM), bevel design on enamel substrate with mesial and distal box (VED), butt joint design on enamel substrate with mesial and distal box (BED), bevel design on dentin substrate with mesial box only (VDM), butt joint design on dentin substrate with mesial box only (BDM), bevel design on dentin substrate with mesial and distal box (VDD), and butt joint design on dentin substrate with mesial and distal box (BDD). Each group was restored with pressable lithium disilicate (LS2) or disperse‐filled polymer composite (DPC) materials. Adhesive resin cement was used to bond the restorations. The specimens were aged for 10,000 thermal cycles (5°C and 55°C), then 240,000 chewing cycles. Each specimen was subjected to compressive axial load until failure. A two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by a post hoc Tukey test was used to analyze the data (α = 0.05).ResultsThe two‐way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference among designs (p < 0.001) and materials (p < 0.001) with no interaction effect (p = 0.07) between the variables. The Post hoc Tukey test revealed that the VEM group exhibited the highest mean fracture resistance value, while the BDM group had the lowest. The LS2 groups showed the highest mean fracture resistance values. The DPC groups showed a restorable fracture pattern compared to the LS2 groups.ConclusionsBevel and butt joint designs with mesial or distal boxes are recommended for conservative posterior indirect adhesive restorations in premolar areas. Enamel substrate improved load distribution and fracture resistance. DPCs have restorable failure patterns, while pressed LS2 may harm underlying structures.
A fungal effector suppresses plant immunity by manipulating DAHPS‐mediated metabolic flux in chloroplasts
Authors: Shang Shengping , Liang Xiaofei , Liu Guangli , Du Youwei , Zhang Song , Meng Yanan , Zhu Junming , Rollins Jeffrey A. , Zhang Rong , Sun Guangyu 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Plant secondary metabolism represents an important and ancient form of defense against pathogens. Phytopathogens secrete effectors to suppress plant defenses and promote infection. However, it is largely unknown, how fungal effectors directly manipulate plant secondary metabolism.

Here, we characterized a fungal defense‐suppressing effector CfEC28 from Colletotrichum fructicola. Gene deletion assays showed that ∆CfEC28‐mutants differentiated appressoria normally on plant surface but were almost nonpathogenic due to increased number of plant papilla accumulation at attempted penetration sites. CfEC28 interacted with a family of chloroplast‐localized 3‐deoxy‐d‐arabinose‐heptulonic acid‐7‐phosphate synthases (DAHPSs) in apple. CfEC28 inhibited the enzymatic activity of an apple DAHPS (MdDAHPS1) and suppressed DAHPS‐mediated secondary metabolite accumulation through blocking the manganese ion binding region of DAHPS. Dramatically, transgene analysis revealed that overexpression of MdDAHPS1 provided apple with a complete resistance to C. fructicola.

We showed that a novel effector CfEC28 can be delivered into plant chloroplasts and contributes to the full virulence of C. fructicola by targeting the DAHPS to disrupt the pathway linking the metabolism of primary carbohydrates with the biosynthesis of aromatic defense compounds.

Our study provides important insights for understanding plant–microbe interactions and a valuable gene for improving plant disease resistance.
Africa's Christian Zionist Frontiers
Authors: Gidron Yotam 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough not a new phenomenon, over the past decade, Christian Zionist theologies that emphasise the central role of the Jewish people in divine history and call on believers to support them and the modern state of Israel have increasingly come to impact religious life and political discourse in many parts of Africa. This paper reviews this development and the limited research on it. It assesses the uptake of Christian Zionist theologies by African Pentecostals and Messianic Jews and sketches out the impact of Christian Zionism on Africa's political landscape. The paper offers some directions for future scholarship on the subject, which may contribute not only to the fields of World Christianity and the anthropology of Christianity, but also to the historical, sociological, and anthropological study of African popular cultures, and to the study of African politics.
The Jesuit and the ‘false princess of China’: a contested exile narrative in 1690s Paris☆
Authors: Heath Sean 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article examines the fabrication and contestation of a false exile narrative in early modern France. At its centre was Ina, a young woman found on the streets of Paris in the winter of 1692. Claiming to be a Chinese princess who had ended up penniless in France after a long sequence of misfortunes, she gained the attention of members of the Parisian elite but was subsequently shown to be a fraud by Louis Le Comte, a Jesuit and former missionary in China. Ina had refashioned herself as an exile, pretending to be abandoned in a foreign land, far from her home, family and culture. This was not normally a desirable situation, but in her case, ‘faking’ the status of a lonely royal exile was an innovative strategy through which certain tendencies of the late seventeenth‐century French elites – including religious impulses to charity and fascination with China – were leveraged to improve (temporarily) her standing in French society. However, the concurrence of her imposture with the intensification of the Chinese Rites controversy turned the debate over her authenticity into a proxy for a broader struggle over Jesuit expertise.
The diffusion of American fair housing law and policy
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , Lamb Charles M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe investigate the contributions of state and local governments to the diffusion of American fair housing law and policy, focusing on the period from 1919 to 1968, prior to similar legal requirements and policies being approved at the federal level.MethodsRelying on archival data obtained at two presidential libraries, our findings provide insights into diffusion's political effects.ResultsMyriad state and local laws, constituting breakthroughs that spread horizontally and/or bottom‐up, preceded similar requirements in the national Fair Housing Act of 1968 and implementation policies subsequently adopted by the federal bureaucracy.ConclusionsProgressive subnational governments can promote the rights of politically marginalized individuals and groups when the national government and other subnational jurisdictions do not. States and localities can use desegregation approaches not available at the federal level.
Does the top two primary system moderate the voting behavior of elected officials?
Authors: Henrickson Kevin E. , Johnson Erica H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTop two primary systems have been touted to increase moderation in politics. In a top two primary, the two candidates with the most votes continue on to the general election even if they are from the same political party. Candidates no longer have to cater to the extremes of their party in order to make it through the primary, so the thought is that candidates would be encouraged to be moderate throughout the election cycle to attract the median voter.MethodsWashington State adopted a top two primary system in 2008, which allows us to look at empirical evidence about whether the top two primary actually encourages moderation in politics. We analyze voting records of elected officials before and after the adoption of the top two primary.ResultsWe find evidence that the top two primary correlates with moderation in the voting behavior of elected officials, ceteris paribus.ConclusionPolicymakers may want to consider the structure of primaries and how they could be changed to help encourage moderation in the voting of elected officials.
Enormous diversity of RNA viruses in economic crustaceans
Authors: Dong Xuan , Meng Fanzeng , Zhou Chengyan , Li Juan , Hu Tao , Wang Yiting , Wang Guohao , Luo Jingfei , Li Xuan , Liu Shufang , Huang Jie , Shi Weifeng 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Crustaceans are important food sources worldwide and possess significant ecological status in the marine ecosystem. However, our understanding of the diversity and evolution of RNA viruses in crustaceans, especially in economic crustaceans, is still limited. Here, 106 batches of economic crustaceans including 13 species were collected from 24 locations in China during 2016–2021. We identified 90 RNA viruses, 69 of which were divergent from the known viruses. Viral transcripts were assigned to 18 different viral families/clades and three unclassified groups. Among the identified viruses, five were double-stranded RNA viruses, 74 were positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, nine were negative-sense single-stranded RNA (−ssRNA) viruses, and two belonged to an unclassified RNA virus group. Phylogenetic analyses showed that crustacean viruses were often clustered with viruses identified from invertebrates. Remarkably, most crustacean viruses were closely related to those from different host species along the same food chain or ecological aquatic niche. In addition, the genome structures of the newly discovered picornaviruses exhibited remarkable diversity. Our study significantly expands the diversity of viruses in important economic crustaceans and provides essential data for the risk assessment of the pathogens spreading in the global aquaculture industry.

IMPORTANCE
The study delves into the largely uncharted territory of RNA viruses in crustaceans, which are not only vital for global food supply but also play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems. Focusing on economic crustaceans, the research uncovers 90 RNA viruses, with 69 being potentially new to science, highlighting the vast unknown viral diversity within these marine organisms. The findings reveal that these viruses are often related to those found in other invertebrates and tend to share close relationships with viruses from species within the same food web or habitat. This suggests that viruses may move between different marine species more frequently than previously thought. The discovery of such a wide variety of viruses, particularly the diverse genome structures of newly identified picornaviruses, is a significant leap forward in understanding the crustacean virology. This knowledge is crucial for managing disease risks in aquaculture and maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems.