bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Weighted Hospital Service Area Networks to Explore Variation in Preventable Hospitalization
Authors: Falster Michael O. , Jorm Louisa R. , Leyland Alastair H. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the use of multiple‐membership multilevel models, which analytically structure patients in a weighted network of hospitals, for exploring between‐hospital variation in preventable hospitalizations.Data SourcesCohort of 267,014 people aged over 45 in NSW, Australia.Study DesignPatterns of patient flow were used to create weighted hospital service area networks (weighted‐HSANs) to 79 large public hospitals of admission. Multiple‐membership multilevel models on rates of preventable hospitalization, modeling participants structured within weighted‐HSANs, were contrasted with models clustering on 72 hospital service areas (HSAs) that assigned participants to a discrete geographic region.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsLinked survey and hospital admission data.Principal FindingsBetween‐hospital variation in rates of preventable hospitalization was more than two times greater when modeled using weighted‐HSANs rather than HSAs. Use of weighted‐HSANs permitted identification of small hospitals with particularly high rates of admission and influenced performance ranking of hospitals, particularly those with a broadly distributed patient base. There was no significant association with hospital bed occupancy.ConclusionMultiple‐membership multilevel models can analytically capture information lost on patient attribution when creating discrete health care catchments. Weighted‐HSANs have broad potential application in health services research and can be used across methods for creating patient catchments.
Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokines and Induction of Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells by the Effects of Granulocyte and Monocyte Adsorption Apheresis
Authors: Sakanoue Masanao , Higashi Yuko , Kanekura Takuro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPro‐inflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases attributable to activated neutrophils and macrophages. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in the regulation of the immune response and possess strong immunosuppressive and anti‐inflammatory properties. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GMA), an extracorporeal apheresis instrument featuring columns containing cellulose acetate (CA) beads, is designed to remove pathogenic myeloid lineage cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GMA on cytokine production and MDSC induction. The serum level of various inflammatory cytokines and the incidence of MDSCs in peripheral blood before and after GMA treatment were recorded. Cytokines were assayed with the suspension‐array method in 38 patients. The incidence of MDSCs was analyzed by FACS in eight patients and the effect of GMA on in vitro MDSC induction was examined using a mini‐column system that mimics GMA. The serum level of IL‐2Rα (P = 0.030), IL‐8 (P = 0.018), and MIF (P = 0.0002) was significantly decreased by GMA and the incidence of MDSCs was increased (P = 0.030). With the mini‐column system, MDSCs were induced in the peripheral blood of five healthy volunteers; the in vitro induction was significantly inhibited by inactivation of the complement component iC3b. The clinical effectiveness of GMA may be attributable to the inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and the induction of anti‐inflammatory MDSCs by iC3b activation via the CA beads in the GMA column.
How do caterpillars cope with xenobiotics? The case of Mythimna unipuncta, a species with low susceptibility to Bt
Authors: López C. , Muñoz P. , Pérez‐Hedo M. , Moralejo M. , Eizaguirre M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMythimna unipuncta is a species with low susceptibility to the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, and this insect occasionally causes devastating damage to maize. In the study region, M. unipuncta‐developed larvae were observed moving from a non‐Bt crop to a nearby Bt crop. Although the first response of many caterpillars to xenobiotics, such as the Bt toxin, is to reduce food intake and prolong development, few studies have focused on the causes and consequences of this response in terms of resistance evolution. To clarify the causes of this response, this work compared changes in the feeding behaviour, cytochrome P450 expression and juvenile hormone titre during the last larval instar of M. unipuncta after Bt ingestion. Four P450 enzymes related to the xenobiotic metabolism of the CYP9 and CYP6 families were identified. Developed larvae fed the Bt diet reduced their food intake and CYP9 expression, experienced prolonged development and presented an altered juvenile hormone balance. The CYP9s were not increased in the larvae that consumed Bt, as previously expected, although their highest expression was observed when larval feeding increased. The high recovery capacity of the larvae contributed to their development when they were fed a non‐Bt diet. The efficiency of responses that act jointly as a defence mechanism against Bt might favour the development of field resistance to the toxin. Therefore, these responses should be further investigated for resistance management programmes.
Genetic interaction with temperature is an important determinant of nematode longevity
Authors: Miller Hillary , Fletcher Marissa , Primitivo Melissa , Leonard Alison , Sutphin George L. , Rintala Nicholas , Kaeberlein Matt , Leiser Scott F. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAs in other poikilotherms, longevity in C. elegans varies inversely with temperature; worms are longer‐lived at lower temperatures. While this observation may seem intuitive based on thermodynamics, the molecular and genetic basis for this phenomenon is not well understood. Several recent reports have argued that lifespan changes across temperatures are genetically controlled by temperature‐specific gene regulation. Here, we provide data that both corroborate those studies and suggest that temperature‐specific longevity is more the rule than the exception. By measuring the lifespans of worms with single modifications reported to be important for longevity at 15, 20, or 25 °C, we find that the effect of each modification on lifespan is highly dependent on temperature. Our results suggest that genetics play a major role in temperature‐associated longevity and are consistent with the hypothesis that while aging in C. elegans is slowed by decreasing temperature, the major cause(s) of death may also be modified, leading to different genes and pathways becoming more or less important at different temperatures. These differential mechanisms of age‐related death are not unlike what is observed in humans, where environmental conditions lead to development of different diseases of aging.
Time‐dependent neuronal changes associated with craving in opioid dependence: an fMRI study
Authors: Murphy Anna , Lubman Dan I. , McKie Shane , Bijral Prun S. , Peters Lesley A. , Faiz Qasim , Holmes Sophie E. , Anderson Ian M. , Deakin Bill , Elliott Rebecca 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRelapse after initially successful treatment is a significant problem facing the treatment of opioid dependence. Evidence suggests craving elicited by re‐exposure to drug cues may precipitate relapse. Attempts to identify neural biomarkers of cue‐elicited craving have yielded inconsistent findings. We aimed to apply a novel continuous functional magnetic resonance imaging technique to follow the minute‐to‐minute evolution of brain responses, which correlate with the waxing and waning of craving. Newly detoxified male opioid‐dependent patients and healthy control participants attended two separate, counterbalanced, functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning sessions during which they viewed a 10‐minute video (drug cue or neutral cue) followed by 5 minutes of fixation. Participants rated the intensity of their craving throughout each session. We hypothesized that subcortical/ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions and dorsal PFC regions would show different associations with craving reflecting their putative roles in appetitive processing versus cognitive control. Compared with controls, drug cue (minus neutral cue) video recruited the left amygdala and was temporally correlated with craving. In contrast, dorsal anterior cingulate blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent signal time course was higher than controls only during a period after cue exposure when craving levels were declining. Against expectations, neither the ventral striatum nor ventral PFC was significantly recruited by drug cue exposure. Findings suggest that the amygdala has a central role in craving, whereas the dorsal anterior cingulate may control craving in treatment‐seeking patients. Time course analysis yielded new insights into the neural substrates of craving that could objectively validate development of psychological and pharmacological approaches to sustained abstinence.
Red Bull® energy drink increases consumption of higher concentrations of alcohol
Authors: Roldán Marta , Echeverry‐Alzate Victor , Bühler Kora‐Mareen , Sánchez‐Diez Israel J. , Calleja‐Conde Javier , Olmos Pedro , Boehm Stephen L. , Maldonado Rafael , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Santiago Catalina , Gómez‐Gallego Felix , Giné Elena , López‐Moreno Jose Antonio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMixing alcohol with caffeinated energy drinks is a common practice, especially among young people. In humans, the research on this issue has mainly focused on the use of the mass‐marketed energy drinks themselves, whereas in animal models, it has focused on the individual effects of their active ingredients (i.e. caffeine). Here, we have characterized how Red Bull®, one of the most consumed caffeinated energy drink worldwide, modulates operant alcohol self‐administration in Wistar rats. We found that animals readily and steadily responded for Red Bull (mean: 90 responses, 30 minutes and fixed‐ratio 1), which was accompanied by locomotor stimulating effects (26 percent increase). The higher the concentration of alcohol (3–20 percent), the higher the consumption of alcohol (g/kg) and associated blood alcohol levels (91.76 percent) in the mixed Red Bull–alcohol group (60 percent increase). Blood caffeine levels in the Red Bull group were 4.69 μg/ml and 1.31 μg/ml in the Red Bull–alcohol group after the 30‐minute session. Because Red Bull also contains 11 percent sucrose, we examined the time course of blood glucose as well as insulin and corticosterone. The correlation between intake of Red Bull and blood glucose levels was higher at 90 minutes than 5 minutes after its consumption, and there was no relationship with blood insulin or blood corticosterone levels. Red Bull did not alter extinction and reacquisition of responding for alcohol nor did it affect relapse‐like drinking. Overall, our results suggest that Red Bull might be a vulnerability factor to develop alcoholism given that it intensifies the consumption of higher concentrations of alcohol.
How compliant are dental practice Facebook pages with Australian health care advertising regulations? A Netnographic review
Authors: Holden ACL , Spallek H 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe National Law that regulates the dental and other health care professions in Australia sets out regulations that dictate how dental practices are to advertise. This study examines the extent to which the profession complies with these regulations and the potential impact that advertising may have upon professionalism.MethodsA Facebook search of 38 local government areas in Sydney, New South Wales, was carried out to identify dental practices that had pages on this social media site. A framework for assessment of compliance was developed using the regulatory guidelines and was used to conduct a netnographic review.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐six practice pages were identified from across the 38 regions. Of these pages, 71.05% were in breach of the National Law in their use of testimonials, 5.26% displayed misleading or false information, 4.14% displayed offers that had no clear terms and conditions or had inexact pricing, 19.55% had pictures or text that was likely to create unrealistic expectations of treatment benefit and 16.92% encouraged the indiscriminate and unnecessary utilization of health services.ConclusionsThis study found that compliance with the National Law by the Facebook pages surveyed was poor.
Conference Call Tone and Stock Returns: Evidence from the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong
Authors: Brockman Paul , Li Xu , Price S. McKay 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe investigate market reactions to manager and analyst tones during earnings conference calls using company transcripts from the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK). This is the first study to examine the role of conference call tones outside of a US setting. Consistent with previous US‐based results, we find that positive tones lead to higher stock returns. In contrast to US‐based results, we show that investors place more emphasis on managerial tones than on analyst tones. We also find that stock market reactions to conference call tones are stronger for firms with a sophisticated investor base.
Continuous infusion vs. intermittent bolus injection of furosemide in acute decompensated heart failure: systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ng K. T. , Yap J. L. L. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryLoop diuretics remain a fundamental pharmacological therapy to remove excess fluid and improve symptom control in acute decompensated heart failure. Several recent randomised controlled trials have examined the clinical benefit of continuous vs. bolus furosemide in acute decompensated heart failure, but have reported conflicting findings. The aim of this review was to compare the effects of continuous and bolus furosemide with regard to mortality, length of hospital stay and its efficacy profile in acute decompensated heart failure. All parallel‐arm randomised controlled trials from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception until May 2017 were included. Cross‐over randomised controlled trials, observational studies, case reports, case series and non‐systematic reviews that involved children were excluded. Eight trials (n = 669) were eligible for inclusion. There was no difference between furosemide continuous infusion and bolus administration for all‐cause mortality (four studies; n = 491; I2 = 0%; OR 1.65; 95%CI 0.93–2.91; p = 0.08) or duration of hospitalisation (six studies; n = 576; I2 = 71%; mean difference 0.27; 95%CI −1.35 to 1.89 days; p = 0.74). Continuous infusion of intravenous furosemide was associated with increased weight reduction (five studies; n = 516; I2 = 0%; mean difference 0.70; 95%CI 0.12–1.28 kg; p = 0.02); increased total urine output in 24 h (four studies; n = 390; I2 = 33%; mean difference 461.5; 95%CI 133.7–789.4 ml; p < 0.01); and reduced brain natriuretic peptide (two studies; n = 390; I2 = 0%; mean difference 399.5; 95%CI 152.7–646.3 ng.l−1; p < 0.01), compared with the bolus group. There was no difference in the incidence of raised creatinine and hypokalaemia between the two groups. In summary, there was no difference between continuous infusion and bolus of furosemide for all‐cause mortality, length of hospital stay and electrolyte disturbance, but continuous infusion was superior to bolus administration with regard to diuretic effect and reduction in brain natriuretic peptide.
Epistemic beliefs as predictors of epistemic emotions: Extending a theoretical model
Authors: Rosman Tom , Mayer Anne‐Kathrin 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThe cognitive incongruity model of epistemic beliefs and emotions states that if students’ beliefs about the nature of knowledge (e.g., knowledge as simple and absolute) are incompatible with the epistemic nature of learning materials (e.g., complex and contradictory), cognitive incongruity arises. This, in turn, entails negative emotional consequences.AimsThe epistemic nature of contradictory learning materials might be perceived differently depending on whether individuals resolve the contradictions or not. Therefore, extending the cognitive incongruity model, the present paper argues that cognitive (in)congruity also depends on how individuals act on the learning materials. We expect that only if students resolve contradictory scientific claims (e.g., by identifying moderators), more advanced epistemic beliefs (e.g., evaluativism) have positive emotional effects and vice versa.SampleA field‐experimental study with N = 86 undergraduate psychology students was conducted.MethodUsing a multiple‐texts approach, participants were first presented controversial evidence on gender stereotyping from 18 different (fictional) studies. In contrast to similar multiple‐texts approaches, all contradictions could be resolved by identifying the contextual factors that a certain type of stereotype discrimination occurs in (‘resolvable controversies’). After reading, the experimental group was asked to resolve the contradictions, whereas two control groups read the same texts, but were not required to resolve the controversies.ResultsResults revealed that absolute beliefs positively and evaluativistic beliefs negatively predict negative emotions, but only if students were instructed to resolve the contradictions.ConclusionsOur results suggest that extending the cognitive incongruity model by how students deal with controversial learning materials might be worthwhile.
A novel tool for predicting extracapsular extension during graded partial nerve sparing in radical prostatectomy
Authors: Patel Vipul R. , Sandri Marco , Grasso Angelica A.C. , De Lorenzis Elisa , Palmisano Franco , Albo Giancarlo , Coelho Rafael F. , Mottrie Alexander , Harvey Tadzia , Kameh Darian , Palayapalayam Hariharan , Wiklund Peter , Bosari Silvano , Puliatti Stefano , Zuccolotto Paola , Bianchi Giampaolo , Rocco Bernardo 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo create a statistical tool for the estimation of extracapsular extension (ECE) level of prostate cancer and determine the nerve‐sparing (NS) approach that can be safely performed during radical prostatectomy (RP).Patients and MethodsA total of 11 794 lobes, from 6 360 patients who underwent robot‐assisted RP between 2008 and 2016 were evaluated. Clinicopathological features were included in a statistical algorithm for the prediction of the maximum ECE width. Five multivariable logistic models were estimated for: presence of ECE and ECE width of >1, >2, >3, and >4 mm. A five‐zone decision rule based on a lower and upper threshold is proposed. Using a graphical interface, surgeons can view patient's pre‐treatment characteristics and a curve showing the estimated probabilities for ECE amount together with the areas identified by the decision rule.ResultsOf the 6 360 patients, 1 803 (28.4%) were affected by non‐organ‐confined disease. ECE was present in 1 351 lobes (11.4%) and extended beyond the capsule for >1, >2, >3, and >4 mm in 498 (4.2%), 261 (2.2%), 148 (1.3%), 99 (0.8%) cases, respectively. ECE width was up to 15 mm (interquartile range 1.00–2.00). The five logistic models showed good predictive performance, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was: 0.81 for ECE, and 0.84, 0.85, 0.88, and 0.90 for ECE width of >1, >2, >3, and >4 mm, respectively.ConclusionThis novel tool predicts with good accuracy the presence and amount of ECE. Furthermore, the graphical interface available at www.prece.it can support surgeons in patient counselling and preoperative planning.
SHIRKING, STANDARDS AND THE PROBABILITY OF DETECTION
Authors: Sessions John G. , Skåtun John D. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBy relaxing the common efficiency wage assumption of exogenous shirking detection probabilities, we demonstrate how standards and efficiency wages are related. In a more general setting where the probability of detection depends upon the equilibrium effort level of non‐shirkers, we show that the uniformly positive (negative) supply‐side relationship between wages (unemployment insurance) and effort is no longer guaranteed. Profit maximization on the part of the firm, however, ensures that effort will depend positively (negatively) on wages (unemployment insurance) in equilibrium.
Discrimination, Parent–Adolescent Conflict, and Peer Intimacy: Examining Risk and Resilience in Mexican‐Origin Youths' Adjustment Trajectories
Authors: Delgado Melissa Y. , Nair Rajni L. , Updegraff Kimberly A. , Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. 
Published: September 2017

Peer discrimination and parent–adolescent conflict in early adolescence were examined as predictors of depressive symptoms and risky behaviors from early to late adolescence using four waves of data over an 8‐year period from a sample of 246 Mexican‐origin adolescents (MTime 1 age = 12.55,SD = 0.58; 51% female). The buffering effect of friendship intimacy and moderating role of adolescent gender were tested. Higher levels of discrimination and conflict in early adolescence were associated with higher initial levels of depressive symptoms and risky behaviors in early adolescence and stability through late adolescence. For females who reported higher than average discrimination, friendship intimacy had a protective effect on their depressive symptoms.
Long‐term stable vertical bone regeneration after sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement with and without grafting
Authors: Verdugo Fernando , Uribarri Agurne , Laksmana Theresia , D'addona Antonio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundLess invasive surgical approaches to regenerate bone intra‐sinus and allow long‐term functional implant stability are needed.PurposeTo evaluate long‐term vertical bone regeneration after sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement with and without bone grafting.MethodsVertical bone gains (VBG) post‐sinus elevation, with and without grafting, were evaluated in thirty individuals presenting an average residual bone height (RBH) of 4.2 mm using a standardized digital technique. Measurements were taken preoperatively, and at an average of 64.6 months follow‐up. Clinically, peri‐implant tissues were assessed for pocket formation and presence of inflammation to evaluate established success criteria.ResultsOverall, RBH averaged 4.2 ± 1.1 mm (range: 1.8‐5.8) and VBG 7.7 ± 1.6 mm (range: 6.0‐12.9). Mean difference of 7.6 mm between vertical bone heights (VBH) at augmented implants sites and initial RBH, 11.8 versus 4.2 mm, (P < .0001, CI95%: 6.9‐8.2) was statistically significant. RBH averaged 4.5 ± 0.8 mm and 3.8 ± 1.2 (P = .07) and VBG 6.8 ± 0.5 and 8.5 ± 1.9 mm (P = .003, CI95%: 0.6‐2.7), for nongrafted and grafted individuals, respectively. The grafting group received an average graft volume of 0.35 ± 0.1 cc (range: 0.25‐0.5) per implant site. Long‐term follow‐ups average 64.6 months (range: 36‐144) and all implants met the success criteria. VBG ≥ 7 mm were 7.3 times more likely to develop on grafted sites (OR = 7.3, P = 0.02, CI95%: 1.2‐46.2).ConclusionNone to negligible amounts of grafting material are required to regenerate substantial amounts of autogenous bone into atrophic sinus cavities after simultaneous implant placement. The regenerated VBH seems stable for functional implant stability long‐term. Implant success rates were 100% at an average of 64.6 months.