bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modified Foveal Advancement Technique in the Treatment of Persistent Large Macular Holes
Authors: Gurelik Gökhan , Sul Sabahattin , Kılıç Gaye , Özsaygılı Cemal 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the outcomes of a new surgical technique on the closure of persistent large macular holes (MHs)

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Data for 10 eyes of 10 patients who underwent surgical intervention for the treatment of large and persistent MHs were reviewed retrospectively. After entrance of the three-port transconjunctival 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy instruments, a shallow perihole retinal detachment was formed by injecting a small amount of fluid with a 39-gauge /41-gauge subretinal cannula under the perihole (superior, temporal, and inferior sparing nasal bundle fibers) retina. Edges of the hole were brought closer with small, passive aspirations by a silicone-tipped cannula. After fluid-air exchange, a 39-gauge /41-gauge cannula was placed over the hole to remove submacular fluid. Then air was changed with 20% sulfur hexafluoride endotamponade.

RESULTS:
Mean minimum hole diameter was 691 μm ± 98 μm (range: 500 μm to 812 μm), and mean basal diameter was 1,604 μm ± 321 μm (range: 1,066 μm to 2,200 μm). Preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuities (BSCVAs) were lower than 20/200 in eight patients and were 20/200 in two patients. MHs were successfully closed in all eyes (100%). BSCVA did not change in two patients and were lower than 20/200. BSCVAs were 20/200 in six patients and greater than 20/200 in two patients. The ellipsoid zone (EZ) was lost in all patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

All the large and persistent MHs were successfully closed and stayed closed during follow-up period. However, increase in visual acuities was limited, which was related to the loss of the EZ. The authors' modified technique seems to be a good option for the surgical treatment of large and persistent MHs.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:793–798.]
Characterization of Artifacts Associated With Multicolor Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Feng Henry L. , Sharma Sumit , Stinnett Sandra , Asrani Sanjay , Mruthyunjaya Prithvi 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To characterize the appearance of three types of artifacts observed on multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective review of 159 eyes of 96 consecutive patients from the Duke Eye Center who underwent multicolor cSLO with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Infrared (IR), green, blue, and multicolor reflectance images were evaluated for artifacts with corresponding SD-OCT scans available for reference.

RESULTS:
Multicolor cSLO artifacts were detected in 23.3% (37 of 159) of eyes and comprised three main patterns: spot, wisp, and net. Only three instances of these artifacts were detected on IR reflectance versus 34, 37, and 35 instances on green, blue, and multicolor reflectance, respectively. Artifacts were observed in 0% of eyes with clear lenses, 27.7% of eyes with cataracts, and in 20.8% of eyes with posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

CONCLUSION:
Awareness of spot, wisp, and net artifacts when interpreting multicolor cSLO images may facilitate the identification of true retinal pathology.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:810–815.]
<b> A imagem corporal na ótica de mulheres após a mastectomia / Body image in optics of women after mastectomy <b>
Authors: Timm Marcella Simões , Perlini Nara Marilene de Oliveira Girardon , Beuter Margrid , Prates Lisie Alende , Birk Noeli Maria , Piccin Catiele 
Published: October 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção e os sentimentos de mulheres mastectomizadas acerca de sua imagem corporal. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, do tipo descritivo, realizado com sete mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama e submetidas à mastectomia em algum período de suas vidas. Utilizou-se a entrevista aberta como técnica de coleta de dados e aplicou-se a proposta operativa para análise dos dados. A mastectomia corresponde a um momento difícil na vida de uma mulher, o qual implica em sofrimento e mudanças relevantes. A percepção das mulheres que realizaram mastectomia, em relação à sua imagem corporal, resulta do processo vivido desde o momento do diagnóstico, da revelação da necessidade da mastectomia e das vivências do cotidiano. Todos estes aspectos podem implicar na aceitação da nova imagem corporal. Conclui-se que as mulheres modificaram a maneira como percebiam seus corpos, manifestando, inicialmente, estranhamento, tristeza, choro, ansiedade, dor, além da diminuição da autoestima, refletindo em uma imagem corporal negativa. Todavia, elas utilizaram estratégias de superação que fortaleceram a autoestima e, consequentemente, auxiliaram positivamente na reconstrução da imagem corporal.
Pediatric care during a short-term medical mission to a Syrian refugee camp in Northern Jordan
Authors: Abbott Kenneth L , Woods Catherine A , Halim Dahlia A , Qureshi Henna A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The Syrian refugee crisis, now in its 6th year, has displaced millions. Refugees depend on support from host nation governments and humanitarian organizations like the Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS). We describe the delivery of pediatric care during a SAMS short-term medical mission to a refugee camp in Northern Jordan. Methods: The medical mission team encompassed dozens of specialties. Teams visited many sites, including the Zaatari refugee camp near the Syrian border. For this study, we gathered quantitative data from one physician who provided pediatric care and anecdotes from multiple SAMS physicians who provided pediatric care in Zaatari during the same time period. The physician supplying the quantitative data recorded age, diagnoses, and prescriptions for each patient. Results: The physician saw an average of 69 patients per day. Many of these were children aged 0–4 years. At least one diagnosis was recorded for 73.9% of patients, and at least one prescription was recorded for 85.5% of patients. Discussion: Most presenting complaints involved acute infectious illnesses, but these seemed preventable and related to refugees' living situations. Mental health assessment was difficult. Referrals proved important for evaluation and management of both acute and chronic conditions. For the short term, we emphasize the importance of effective liaison with refugee camp authorities and outside health-care organizations. For the long term, we recommend increased health-care infrastructure development and more emphasis on preventative care. Conclusion: With this study, we provide new quantitative and qualitative insights into pediatric care during a short-term medical mission to a Syrian refugee camp in Northern Jordan.
Metastatic breast cancer: Endocrine therapy landscape reshaped
Authors: Salkeni Mohamad Adham , Hall Samantha June 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Endocrine therapy (ET) of hormone receptor (HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-(HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) historically focused on estrogen deprivation and antagonism. The identification of several intracellular pathways promoting resistance to antiestrogen therapy led to the introduction of novel endocrine drug combinations that reformed treatment schema and expanded therapeutic options. There is no doubt that efforts to overcome or delay resistance to ET are fruiting, particularly with the introduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib and ribociclib, and mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors such as everolimus. Although still considered incurable by currently available treatment modalities, many patients with MBC nowadays enjoy several years of good quality life coupled with decent tumor control. The diversity of therapies and unusual pattern of side effects can be quite perplexing to the treating physician. The sequence of variable agents and management of side effects, in addition to the timing of initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy, is among the challenges faced by oncologists. In this review, we shed a spotlight on mechanisms of resistance to ET, and provide a review of landmark studies that have recently reshaped the landscape of treatment options for patients with metastatic HR-positive, HER2-negative MBC. A suggested treatment strategy for newly diagnosed patients is also discussed herein.
Can acute-phase response biomarkers differentiate infection from inflammation postpediatric cardiac surgery?
Authors: Nasser Bana Agha , Mesned Abdu Rahman , Tageldein Mohamad , Kabbani Mohamed S , Sayed Nada Siddig 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background: Infection is a common serious complication postpediatric cardiac surgery. Diagnosis of infection after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is difficult in the presence of surgical stress, hemodynamic instability, and inflammatory reaction. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of available inflammatory biomarkers and its validity to differentiate infection from inflammation postpediatric cardiac surgery and to find the trend and the change in the level of these biomarkers shortly after cardiac surgery. Methods: We conducted a prospective study that included all children who underwent cardiac surgery in Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre-Qassim from November 2013 to October 2015. C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, and neutrophil count were measured for all patients presurgery, 4 consecutive days postsurgery, and predischarge. Patients were divided into two groups (the infected and the noninfected group). We compared the level of biomarkers between both groups. Then, we further analyzed the effects of CPB and preoperative steroid on postoperative inflammatory biomarker levels. Collected data were then reviewed and analyzed. Results: There were 134 pediatric cardiac patients included during the study period. Group 1 (bacterial negative culture group) had 125 cases and Group 2 (bacterial positive culture group) had nine cases. We found no statistically significant difference in inflammatory biomarker elevation between both groups. Only Group 2 had higher (RACHS) Risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery score, more ventilator days, and more drop in platelet count on the 2nd and 3rd postoperative days in comparison with the noninfected group 1. Both groups of patients who were in on and off CPB had the same level of inflammatory biomarkers with no significant differences. Giving corticosteroid preoperatively did not affect the trend of biomarker elevation and made no difference when it was compared to the group of patients who did not receive corticosteroid before surgery. Conclusion: Common inflammatory biomarkers cannot differentiate between infection and inflammation within the first 5 days postpediatric cardiac surgery as these reflect the inflammatory process rather than infection. Trend is more important than single reading.
A new primary health-care system in the Syrian opposition territories: Good effort but far from being perfect
Authors: Alsaied Tarek , Mawas Abdullah , Sayah Fatima Al , Kental Abdulrazzak , Saqqur Maher 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Objectives: The primary health-care system in Syria has suffered a great deal of damage over the past 6 years. A large number of physicians and health-care providers have left the country. The objectives of this study are to describe our experience in establishing a primary health-care system in the opposition territories (OTs) in Syria and report the most common treated diseases. Methods: The administrative databases of ten primary care centers in the OT from January 2014 to December 2015 were reviewed. All patients' encounters, including children and adults, in these centers were included in the study. Results: Within the study period, the ten centers served 46,039 patients encounter per month (and average of 4600 patients encounters per center per month). A high number of communicable diseases were noted. Cutaneous leishmaniasis was the most common communicable disease (1170 cases a month). Tuberculosis was treated in 14 patients a month. Other infectious diseases that were almost eradicated before the crises were seen increasingly (29 mumps cases/month, 6 measles cases/month, and 34 cases of typhoid fever/month). Conclusion: The primary health-care system in Syria has been greatly damaged, and tremendous efforts are ongoing to provide access to various basic health-care services including primary care services. Despite these efforts, the current system is very vulnerable and not sustainable. This study summarizes basic health services provided by primary health-care centers in Syrian OTs.
Cardiac manifestations of Familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Alsarah Ahmad , Alsara Osama , Laird-Fick Heather S 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is autoinflammatory disorder characterized by sporadic attacks of fever, peritonitis, pleuritis, and arthritis. It is mainly seen in patients from Mediterranean origins, but it is now reported more frequently in Europe and North America due to immigration. To analyze the data on the cardiovascular manifestations in FMF patients, we searched PubMed using the terms “Familial Mediterranean Fever” or “FMF” in combination with other key words including “cardiovascular diseases” “pericardial diseases” “atherosclerosis” “coronary artery diseases” “cardiomyopathy” “pulmonary hypertension” or “valvular diseases.” suggested several mechanisms to explain the cardiac involvements in FMF including the ongoing inflammation and the amyloid deposits in the heart and vessels' walls at the advanced stages of FMF. The course of these manifestations varies widely, but it can associate with poor prognosis in some cases such as with pulmonary hypertension. Interestingly, Colchicine, which is the cornerstone therapy of FMF, plays a vital role in treating and preventing some of these disorders. In this article, In this article, we will discuss the incidence, pathophysiology, and prognosis of the various cardiac manifestations affecting FMF patients.
Enriching primary student teachers’ conceptions about science teaching: Towards dialogic inquirybased teaching
Authors: Lehesvuori Sami , Ratinen Ilkka , Kulhomäki Otto , Lappi Jousia , Viiri Jouni 
Published: October 2017

Inquiry-based teaching has been at the heart of science education since it was first outlined in national standards over a decade ago. The general idea behind the inquiry guidelines is that pupils would adopt ways of conducting science, in addition to conceptually learning, thus attaining also the epistemological dimension of science. Although curricula are based on these ideas of inquiry, all too often authentic inquiry is hindered by overly authoritative approaches and teacher directions. To avoid this, the communicational ways in which teachers can encourage pupil reasoning during different phases of inquiry should be explicitly addressed. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a dialogic inquiry-based approach to science education. This approach combines the principles of inquiry and dialogic teaching. Based on this framework we investigated a number of primary student teachers’ (n=28) conceptualisations of science teaching and evaluated to what extent dialogic inquiry-based teaching informed these conceptualisations. Analysis revealed that dialogicality was not present in student teacher pre-conceptions, their pre-conceptions rather focused on traditional practices related to science teaching. The learning trajectories created for six cases, however, indicate an increased awareness of inquiry-based teaching including the dialogic aspect over the duration of the course.
Teaching Photosynthesis in a Compulsory School Context. Students’ Reasoning, Understanding and Interactions.
Authors: Näs Helena 
Published: October 2017

According to previous research, students show difficulties in understanding photosynthesis and respiration, and basic ecological concepts like energy flow in ecosystems. There are successful teaching units accomplished in this area and many of them can be described as inquiry-based teaching. One definition of inquiry-based teaching is that it involves everything from finding problems, investigating them, debating with peers and trying to explain and give solutions. Accordingly students need to be confronted with challenging questions and empirical data to reason about and teachers need to implement student-generated inquiry discussion since students often stay silent and do not express their thoughts during science lessons. This thesis will focus on young peoples’ understanding of the functioning of plants, students’ participation during biology lessons, and how biology teaching is accomplished in primary and secondary school.Two school classroom projects focusing on teaching about plants and ecology are described. Four teachers and their 4th, 5th and 6th grade classes plus two science teachers and their three 8th grade classes collaborated. Photosynthesis and respiration were made concrete by using tasks where plants, plant cells, germs, seeds and the gas exchange were used. The aim was to listen to students’ reasoning in both teaching and interview situations. Learning outcome, as described by students’ reasoning in the classrooms and in individual interviews but also by their test results, is especially focused. Student-student and student-teacher interactions have been analysed with an ethnographic approach in the classroom context.The plant tasks encouraged the students’ in primary school to develop scientific reasoning and the interviews confirmed that the students had learned about photosynthesis. The ecology teaching in secondary school showed a substantial understanding confirmed both by students’ oral and written reasoning. Analyses of test results and understanding as presented in interviews did not always correspond. The interviews showed the importance of letting students try to explain concepts and to correct themselves. Primary students’ reasoning and understanding about photosynthesis were in the interviews almost the same as the secondary students’. The secondary students’ questioning during the lectures showed wonderments and interest for ecology from a broader view than in the content presented by the teachers and the textbooks, but the large classes and disruptive students stole too much time from the teachers’ management in the classroom. Students’ knowledge was underestimated and their interest in ecology faded away.
Verkliga vardagssammanhang i årskurs 4 eller kontextlös kunskap i årskurs 8? Everyday life context in grade 4 or knowledge without context in grade 8
Authors: Oskarsson Magnus , Eliasson Nina , Karlsson Karl Göran 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInternational comparisons of students’ knowledge as TIMSS and PISA have shown that Swedish students' knowledge of science deteriorated during the 2000s, compared to both previous years and to other countries. In grade 4, however, the results improved between 2007 and 2011 and Sweden is one of the countries showing the greatest difference between the results in grade 4 and grade 8, suggesting a weak knowledge development in science between these grades.This study compares Swedish pupils' results for individual tasks in Science in TIMSS 2011 with an average score of countries in the EU or OECD. The items are classified by whether they are put in a context and if they ask for school specific knowledge or if they could be solved with knowledge from sources outside school. A large proportion of the items in grade 4 is linked to a context and to students' everyday lives, which explains the good results for the younger students. Few items in grade 8 are of interest for the students or linked to students' daily lives and on these items Swedish students often perform below average for the EU / OECD, which contributes to the less favorable outcome in grade 8. The weak development of knowledge between grades 4 and 8 that is indicated by TIMSS suggests that the formalized science classes in school do not reach the students and it points to the need for a clearer connection to students' interests and experiences.
Recognizing the needs – Student teachers´ learning to teach from teaching
Authors: Nilsson Pernilla 
Published: October 2017

This paper is based on an exploration of the ways in which primary science student teachers recognize and learn about issues that shape their own professional learning. The paper discusses different perspectives of “knowledgebase needed for teaching” and Shulman’s concept of pedagogical content knowledge, and explores how elements of knowledge are to be recognized and further developed within primary teacher education. Primary science student teacher participants (n = 25) were stimulated to use portfolios as a tool to reflect upon situations within their six weeks teaching practice in pre- and primary schools in order to facilitate recognizing their knowledge needs. The results give an insight into what situations within the teaching practice that student teachers consider as important for their own learning to teach primary maths and science.
How student teachers’ understanding of the greenhouse effect develops during a teacher education programme
Authors: Ekborg Margareta , Areskoug Mats 
Published: October 2017

This paper reports on a longitudinal study on how student teachers’ understanding of the greenhouse effect developed through a teacher education programme in mathematics and science for pupils aged 7-13. All student teachers, who were accepted to the programme one year, were followed trough 2.5 years of the programme. The student teachers took science courses in which they were taught about the greenhouse effect.Data was collected by questionnaires three times. The results show that a majority of the student teachers developed an adequate understanding of the greenhouse effect during the teaching programme. Several of the students developed further in the second science course. However a rather big group of students with poor understanding did not develop any further in the second science course and no one demonstrated full understanding. Different ways of collecting data and categorising responses affected how the students’ understanding was interpreted.
Design-Based Research in Science Education: One Step Towards Methodology
Authors: Juuti Kalle , Lavonen Jari 
Published: October 2017

Recently, there has been critiques towards science education research, as the potential of this research has not been actualised in science teaching and learning praxis. The paper describes an analysis of a design-based research approach (DBR) that has been suggested as a solution for the discontinuation between science education research and praxis. We propose that a pragmatic frame helps to clarify well the design-based research endeavour. We abstracted three aspects from the analysis that constitute design-based research: (a) a design process is essentially iterative starting from the recognition of the change of the environment of praxis, (b) it generates a widely usable artefact, (c) and it provides educational knowledge for more intelligible praxis. In the knowledge acquisition process, the pragmatic viewpoint emphasises the role of a teacher’s reﬂected actions as well as the researches’ involvement in the authentic teaching and learning settings.