bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAM: PRELIMINARY RESEARCH FINDINGS FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Suzuki Yasushi , Pramono Sigit , Rufidah Rufidah 
Published: February 2017

Poverty should be defined, measured, and scrutinized its root causes from a multi-dimension perspectives. Therefore, in designing and implementation of poverty alleviation program, it should consider economic factors, social and political contexts surrounding the poor. Sen (1982; 1999) views poverty as a multifaceted world and ethical dimension essentially should be placed underpinning it as a vital economic problem. The paper takes the stance that the poor themselves have potential capacity to alleviate their condition in resolving poverty trap. Community development program is one of the strategies to deal with the poverty problem. Islamic microfinance can play an important role in combating poverty dilemma especially in Muslim majority population communities. Through the approach proposed by Bigg and Satterthwaite (2005) with strengthening local organizations and community development programs, Islamic microfinance should engage a strategic partnership with the Masjid and Islamic charity institutions (zakat and waqf organization). This strategic alliance will result more integrated programs and also capacity building of the institutions involved. This paper aims to contribute a grass root model in the purpose of combating poverty in the framework of Islamic economic system.
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Kemiskinan harus didefinisikan, diukur, dan diteliti akar penyebabnya dari berbagai perspektif. Oleh karena itu, dalam merancang dan mengimplementasikan program pengentasan kemiskinan, faktor-faktor ekonomi, konteks sosial dan politik yang mengelilingi kemiskinan juga harus dipertimbangkan. Sen (1982; 1999) memandang kemiskinan sebagai sebuah dunia yang kompleks, dan dimensi dasar etika harus ditempatkan sebagai sebuah masalah ekonomi yang vital. Peneliti sendiri dalam hal ini berpandangan bahwa orang-orang miskin pada dasarnya punya kapasitas yang memadai untuk keluar dari garis kemiskinan. Salah satunya adalah dengan program pengembangan masyarakat yang merupakan satu strategi dalam pengentasan kemiskinan. Keuangan mikro syariah dapat memainkan peran penting dalam memerangi dilema kemiskinan, khususnya di daerah-daerah yang mayoritas penduduknya Muslim. Pendekatan yang diusulkan oleh Bigg dan Satterthwaite (2005) adalah dengan cara penguatan organisasi lokal dan program pengembangan masyarakat dimana keuangan mikro syariah harus terlibat dalam kemitraan-kemitraan strategis dengan masjid-masjid dan lembaga-lembaga sosial lainnya (seperti lembaga zakat dan wakaf). Aliansi strategis ini akan menghasilkan program-program yang lebih terintegrasi dan juga ada penguatan capacity building dari lembaga-lembaga yang terlibat. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk berkontribusi dalam memberikan model akar rumput dalam hal pengentasan kemiskinan dalam kerangka sistem ekonomi Islam.
SOX 404, Auditor Effort, and the Prevention of Financial Report Misstatements
Authors: Zhao Yuping , Bedard Jean C. , Hoitash Rani 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARY
Prior research shows that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) Section 404(b) integrated audit is associated with a lower incidence of misstatements. We predict that under 404(b), the auditor's ability to detect misstatements increases relative to other internal control regimes when greater resources are exerted during the engagement. Supporting this prediction, we find that the benefits of 404(b) versus other regimes (including SOX 404(a)) in reducing misstatements increase with incremental audit effort (proxied by abnormal audit fees). We find no benefit of 404(b) in misstatement reduction when abnormal audit effort is low. This implies that the value of 404(b) testing is not uniform, but rather is greater when sufficient resources are available to thoroughly understand client controls. In contrast, we find no benefit of abnormal audit effort under other regulatory regimes. We further examine the conditions under which knowledge gained from auditor internal control testing is more valuable. We find that the benefits of increased audit effort under 404(b) do not vary across internal control regimes under AS2 versus AS5, and are more pronounced for engagements with shorter auditor tenure, non-Big 4 auditors, and industry-specialist auditors.
JEL Classifications: M49.
Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources.
Clients' Workplace Environment and Corporate Audits
Authors: Huang Minjie , Masli Adi , Meschke Felix , Guthrie James P. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARY
We obtain a novel dataset of workplace satisfaction ratings submitted by about 100,000 employees working for large public U.S. companies. We document that lower workplace ratings are associated with higher audit fees and longer audit report lags. Lower workplace ratings also increase the likelihood of firms receiving modified going concern opinions. Our study shows that organizational workplace environments affect auditor risk assessments and auditing outcomes and provide insights for practicing auditors and corporate executives. Our interviews with practicing auditors at large U.S. accounting firms also provide insights as to how workplace quality affects the corporate audit.
JEL Classifications: G3; J28; M14; M42.
Chemical Interaction Analysis of an Adhesive Containing 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate (10-MDP) With the Dentin in Noncarious Cervical Lesions
Authors: Oliveira BMB , Ulbaldini ALM , Sato F , Baesso ML , Bento AC , Andrade LHC , Lima SM , Pascotto RC 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical bonds of a self-etch 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) adhesive to natural noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) and compare them with those occurring in sclerotic dentin in artificially prepared defects (APDs). Four human teeth with natural NCCLs on the buccal surface were selected. Artificial defects matching the natural lesions were prepared on the lingual surface of the same teeth serving as control. Micro-Raman (MR) spectroscopy was used to quantify mineral content in natural NCCLs and in APDs. Fourier transform infrared-photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) readouts were taken before and after adhesive application to analyze the protein matrix/mineral (M:M) ratio and chemical interactions between 10-MDP adhesive and dentin. The MR and FTIR-PAS spectra collected from natural NCCLs demonstrated a larger area of the band (961 cm−1, PO4) and lower M:M ratio, respectively, characterizing a hypermineralized dentin, compared with APDs. FTIR-PAS demonstrated emergence of a peak (1179 cm−1, P=O) in spectra after adhesive treatment, demonstrating a more intense chemical interaction in natural NCCLs. The results demonstrated that chemical bonding of 10-MDP adhesive to natural NCCLs is more intense, due to the hypermineralized surface, and suggest that it is unnecessary to remove the hypermineralized layer with burs, as this may decrease the chemical bonding potential of 10-MDP.
Present epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma in Japan: analysis of 63,358 cases recorded in a national administrative database
Authors: Toi Hiroyuki , Kinoshita Keita , Hirai Satoshi , Takai Hiroki , Hara Keijiro , Matsushita Nobuhisa , Matsubara Shunji , Otani Makoto , Muramatsu Keiji , Matsuda Shinya , Fushimi Kiyohide , Uno Masaaki 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVEAging of the population may lead to epidemiological changes with respect to chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). The objectives of this study were to elucidate the current epidemiology and changing trends of CSDH in Japan. The authors analyzed patient information based on reports using a Japanese administrative database associated with the diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) system.METHODSThis study included patients with newly diagnosed CSDH who were treated in hospitals participating in the DPC system. The authors collected data from the administrative database on the following clinical and demographic characteristics: patient age, sex, and level of consciousness on admission; treatment procedure; and outcome at discharge.RESULTSA total of 63,358 patients with newly diagnosed CSDH and treated in 1750 DPC participation hospitals were included in this study. Analysis according to patient age showed that the most common age range for these patients was the 9th decade of life (in their 80s). More than half of patients 70 years old or older presented with some kind of disturbance of consciousness. Functional outcomes at discharge were good in 71.6% (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–2) of cases and poor in 28.4% (mRS score 3–6). The percentage of poor outcomes tended to be higher in elderly patients. Approximately 40% of patients 90 years old or older could not be discharged to home. The overall recurrence rate for CSDH was 13.1%.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows a chronological change in the age distribution of CSDH among Japanese patients, which may be affecting the prognosis of this condition. In the aging population of contemporary Japan, patients in their 80s were affected more often than patients in other age categories, and approximately 30% of patients with CSDH required some help at discharge. CSDH thus may no longer have as good a prognosis as had been thought.
Efficacy and Safety of Donepezil in Chinese Patients with Severe Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jia Jianping , Wei Cuibai , Jia Longfei , Tang Yi , Liang Junhua , Zhou Aihong , Li Fangyu , Shi Lu , Doody Rachelle S. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Donepezil has been used worldwide for the treatment of severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whether it is also appropriate for severe AD in Chinese patients remains unknown. Objective: To determine whether donepezil is effective and tolerable for Chinese patients with severe AD. Methods: The present study was a 24-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study conducted at 38 investigational hospitals in China. Patients with severe AD were enrolled in this trial. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either donepezil or placebo (5 mg for 6 weeks and10 mg for the remaining 18 weeks). The efficacy for donepezil were evaluated by the SIB, the Clinician’s Interview-Based Impression of Change-Plus caregiver input (CIBIC-plus) and the MMSE. Safety parameters were monitored throughout. Results: A total of 313 patients included the donepezil ( n = 157) and the placebo groups ( n = 156). Donepezil group improved more in SIB scores (least squares [LS] mean difference: 4.8, 95% CI 1.56 to 8.08, p = 0.004) and CIBIC-plus scores (drug-placebo difference: –0.4, 95% CI –0.66 to 0.03, p = 0.04) than placebo groups at Week 24. The MMSE scores between drug and placebo groups did not differ significantly. Twenty-nine patients with serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in donepezil ( n = 11) and placebo groups ( n = 18) ( p = 0.08). Most SAEs were not considered drug-related. Conclusion: Donepezil for 24 weeks was more effective than placebo and showed good safety and tolerability in Chinese patients with severe AD. This study supports utility of the drug in severe stages of AD in the Chinese population.
A 3-Month Aerobic Training Program Improves Brain Energy Metabolism in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease: Preliminary Results from a Neuroimaging Study
Authors: Castellano Christian-Alexandre , Paquet Nancy , Dionne Isabelle J. , Imbeault Hélène , Langlois Francis , Croteau Etienne , Tremblay Sébastien , Fortier Mélanie , Matte J. Jacques , Lacombe Guy , Fülöp Tamás , Bocti Christian , Cunnane Stephen C. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Aerobic training has some benefits for delaying the onset or progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Little is known about the implication of the brain’s two main fuels, glucose and ketones (acetoacetate), associated with thesebenefits. Objective: To determine whether aerobic exercise training modifies brain energy metabolism in mild AD. Methods: In this uncontrolled study, ten patients with mild AD participated in a 3-month, individualized, moderate-intensity aerobic training on a treadmill (Walking). Quantitative measurement of brain uptake of glucose (CMRglu) and acetoacetate (CMRacac) using neuroimaging and cognitive testing were done before and after the Walking program. Results: Four men and six women with an average global cognitive score (MMSE) of 26/30 and an average age of 73 y completed the Walking program. Average total distance and treadmill speed were 8 km/week and 4 km/h, respectively. Compared to the Baseline, after Walking, CMRacac was three-fold higher (0.6±0.4 versus 0.2±0.1 μmol/100 g/min; p = 0.01). Plasma acetoacetate concentration and the blood-to-brain acetoacetate influx rate constant were also increased by 2–3-fold (all p≤0.03). CMRglu was unchanged after Walking (28.0±0.1 μmol/100 g/min; p = 0.96). There was a tendency toward improvement in the Stroop–color naming test (–10% completion time, p = 0.06). Performance on the Trail Making A&B tests was also directly related to plasma acetoacetate and CMRacac (all p≤0.01). Conclusion: In mild AD, aerobic training improved brain energy metabolism by increasing ketone uptake and utilization while maintaining brain glucose uptake, and could potentially be associated with some cognitive improvement.
Connexin40 correlates with oxidative stress in brains of traumatic brain injury rats
Authors: Chen Wei , Guo Yijun , Yang Wenjin , Zheng Ping , Zeng Jinsong , Tong Wusong 
Published: February 2017

Background: Oxidative stress is an important factor in the pathophysiologic changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Connexin43 (Cx43) was reported to contribute to cerebral damage. However, the impacts of Cx40 have not been investigated in detail. Objective: In the present study, we hypothesized that Cx40 was involved in oxidative stress-induced brain injury after TBI. Methods: The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was introduced to Wistar rats as a TBI model. Neurological deficits, oxidative stress and Cx40 were evaluated in TBI rats and N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-treated TBI rats. Neurological severity score (NSS) was used to assess neurological deficits. Brain infarction was measured by histo-staining. Brain edema was evaluated by measuring the brain water content. Cortex samples were collected to measure the tissue levels of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) and NADPH oxidase activity. Cx40 expression was determined by Western-blot. Results: TBI-induced brain injuries gradually increased from 6 h to 24 h post CCI, and the severity remained till 72 h. The level of oxidative stress was consistent with the extent of neurological deficits. Cx40 was upregulated after TBI in a linear correlated manner with increased oxidative stress. With NAC intervention, both neurological deficits and oxidative stress were significantly attenuated. Meanwhile, elevated Cx40 expression in cortex was also prevented by NAC treatment. Conclusion: These studies revealed the relationship between levels of Cx40 and oxidative stress after TBI. The cortex Cx40 expression was positively correlated with the cerebral oxidative stress, indicating the involvement of Cx40 in the progress of brain damage.
A three-dimensional approach for identifying small pulmonary vessels in smokers
Authors: Ma Junchao , Yu Nan , Shen Cong , Wang Zhimin , He Taiping , Guo You-min 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: This study aims to develop a computerized scheme that utilizes a differential geometric approach to identify pulmonary vessels and then evaluate the performance of the scheme on the CT images of heavy smokers. METHODS: The scheme consists of two primary steps to segment entire lung vascular tree and identify the number of pulmonary vessels in a cross section. The scheme performance including accuracy, consistency, and efficiency was assessed using 102 chest CT scans. Further assessment was performed on the relationship between pulmonary vessels and the extent of emphysema as well as pulmonary artery alteration. RESULTS: The mean number of vessels in the cross section at the 5th generation was 17.84±4.74 and 17.23±4.85 assessed by computerized scheme and radiologists, respectively, which are significantly different ( t = 2.12, p = 0.055). The results were consistent with those obtained by using a semi-automatic tool ( r = 0.75, p = 0.01). In addition, in the 5th generation, the mean number of vessels was inversely related to the percentage of the low attenuation area ( r = –0.704, p = 0.000), the mean lumen area of pulmonary vessel was inversely related to the mean value of main pulmonary artery diameter ( r = –0.617, p = 0.000). The computational time of segmenting vessels was 6.50±0.02 seconds, which is much less than the average 8 minutes of the time spent by radiologists using the semi-automatic tool. CONCLUSION: Applying the computerized scheme yields reasonable performance on the segmentation of pulmonary vessels. The alteration of pulmonary vessels may reflect the presence of pulmonary hypertension, as well as the extent of emphysema.
SG1120-1202: Mass-quenching as Tracked by UV Emission in the Group Environment at z = 0.37
Authors: Monroe Jonathan T. , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Gonzalez Anthony H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We use the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain WFC3/F390W imaging of the supergroup SG1120-1202 at

, mapping the UV emission of 138 spectroscopically confirmed members. We measure total (F390W–F814W) colors and visually classify the UV morphology of individual galaxies as “clumpy” or “smooth.” Approximately 30% of the members have pockets of UV emission (clumpy) and we identify for the first time in the group environment galaxies with UV morphologies similar to the “jellyfish” galaxies observed in massive clusters. We stack the clumpy UV members and measure a shallow internal color gradient, which indicates that unobscured star formation is occurring throughout these galaxies. We also stack the four galaxy groups and measure a strong trend of decreasing UV emission with decreasing projected group distance (

). We find that the strong correlation between decreasing UV emission and increasing stellar mass can fully account for the observed trend in (F390W–F814W)–

, i.e., mass-quenching is the dominant mechanism for extinguishing UV emission in group galaxies. Our extensive multi-wavelength analysis of SG1120-1202 indicates that stellar mass is the primary predictor of UV emission, but that the increasing fraction of massive (red/smooth) galaxies at

R
200 and existence of jellyfish candidates is due to the group environment.
ALMA Observations Show Major Mergers Among the Host Galaxies of Fast-growing, High-redshift, Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Trakhtenbrot Benny , Lira Paulina , Netzer Hagai , Cicone Claudia , Maiolino Roberto , Shemmer Ohad 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present new ALMA band-7 data for a sample of six luminous quasars at

, powered by fast-growing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with rather uniform properties: the typical accretion rates and black hole masses are

and

. Our sample consists of three “FIR-bright” sources, which were individually detected in previous Herschel/SPIRE observations, with star formation rates of

, and three “FIR-faint” sources for which Herschel stacking analysis implies a typical SFR of ∼400

. The dusty interstellar medium in the hosts of all six quasars is clearly detected in the ALMA data and resolved on scales of ∼2 kpc, in both continuum (

) and

line emission. The continuum emission is in good agreement with the expectations from the Herschel data, confirming the intense SF activity in the quasar hosts. Importantly, we detect companion sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs) for three sources—one FIR-bright and two FIR-faint, separated by

and

from the quasar hosts. The

-based dynamical mass estimates for the interacting SMGs are within a factor of ∼3 of the quasar hosts’ masses, while the continuum emission implies

. Our ALMA data therefore clearly support the idea that major mergers are important drivers for rapid early SMBH growth. However, the fact that not all high-SFR quasar hosts are accompanied by interacting SMGs and the gas kinematics as observed by ALMA suggest that other processes may be fueling these systems. Our analysis thus demonstrates the diversity of host galaxy properties and gas accretion mechanisms associated with early and rapid SMBH growth.
A Long Look at MCG-5-23-16 with NuSTAR. I. Relativistic Reflection and Coronal Properties
Authors: Zoghbi Abderahmen , Matt G. , Miller J. M. , Lohfink A. M. , Walton D. J. , Ballantyne D. R. , García J. A. , Stern D. , Koss M. J. , Farrah D. , Harrison F. A. , Boggs S. E. , Christensen F. E. , Craig W. , Hailey C. J. , Zhang W. W. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
MCG-5-23-16 was targeted in early 2015 with a half mega-second observing campaign using NuSTAR. Here we present the spectral analysis of these data sets along with an earlier observation and study the relativistic reflection and the primary coronal source. The data show strong reflection features in the form of both narrow and broad iron lines plus a Compton reflection hump. A cutoff energy is significantly detected in all exposures. The shape of the reflection spectrum does not change in the two years spanned by the observations, suggesting a stable geometry. A strong positive correlation is found between the cutoff energy and both the hard X-ray flux and spectral index. The measurements imply that the coronal plasma is not at the runaway electron–positron pair limit, and instead contains mostly electrons. The observed variability in the coronal properties is driven by a variable optical depth. A constant heating-to-cooling ratio is measured, implying that there is a feedback mechanism in which a significant fraction of the photons cooling the corona are due to reprocessed hard X-rays.
Éthique langagière féministe et travail du care dans le discours. La pratique du trigger warning
Authors: Husson Anne-Charlotte 
Published: February 2017

L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre les discours féministes en tant que contrediscours proposant des normes discursives alternatives fondées sur une éthique langagière particulière. Afin d’appréhender les critères éthiques des locutrices féministes tels qu’ils apparaissent en discours, l’article propose une articulation inédite entre éthiques du care et analyse du discours. Les valeurs et les activités liées au care dans les discours féministes sont abordées via l’analyse d’une pratique technodiscursive, le trigger warning . Née dans des communautés féministes en ligne à la fin des années 1990, cette pratique consiste à procurer des avertissements de contenu à des personnes souffrant de stress post-traumatique, en particulier aux victimes de violences sexuelles. L’autrice analyse un corpus de métadiscours au sujet des trigger warnings rassemblés à partir du blog étatsunien Shakesville , et propose une analyse qui articule les éthiques du care et le cadre théorique mis en place par Paveau (2013) pour une analyse morale des discours.