bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Organophosphorus Pesticides from Aqueous Solution by Magnetic Fe3O4/Red Mud‐Nanoparticles
Authors: Aydin Senar 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of magnetic Fe3O4/red mud nanoparticles (NPs) for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides from water samples. The effect of various experimental parameters such as red mud amount in Fe3O4/red mud‐NPs, pH, contact time, initial pesticide concentrations and adsorbent dose was studied in order to find the optimum conditions for their removal in a batch process. The Fe3O4/red mud‐NPs were characterized by using TGA, SEM, XRD, VSM, and determination of the BET surface area. After the regenerated Fe3O4/red mud‐NPs were used three times, the sorption capacity and the magnetic separability were observed to be unaffected. Freundlich model described the sorption process better than Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo second‐order kinetic model was determined as the best‐fit model. The film diffusion mechanism was found to be a main rate control mechanism. The Fe3O4/red mud‐NPs satisfactorily removed the OPPS from real water samples.
La política europea de transportes y su importancia en el mercado interior de la UE: impacto en la política europea de transportes en Andalucía
Authors: Garcia Argente Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Medal Jaime 
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo se centrará en la Comunidad Autónoma Andaluza y se expondrá, por un lado, el Plan de Infraestructuras para la Sostenibilidad del Transporte en Andalucía (PISTA), instrumento estratégico y de coordinación de las políticas sectoriales en materia de infraestructuras, con el fin de obtener una mejora sustancial en la eficacia y la sostenibilidad ambiental de los sistemas de transporte en Andalucía. Por otro lado, también se comentará el Anteproyecto de Ley Andaluza de Movilidad Sostenible que está actualmente en tramitación parlamentaria y que tiene como objetivos fundamentales incrementar la cuota del transporte público y de los medios no motorizados en el desplazamiento de personas, y del ferrocarril en el transporte de mercancías.
La construcción de la democracia sobre los pilares del neoliberalismo. Aproximación a sus críticos
Authors: Gómez Justo Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2016

La construcción de la democracia actual ha sido un proceso lento pero que ha ido encajando sus piezas como un puzzle bien diseñado. Desde el siglo XVII, Hobbes teoriza la idea del individualismo, a la que posteriormente van incorporándose los planteamientos de Locke y otros que contribuyen determinantemente a construir la idea de libertad en relación a la propiedad. Esto nos lleva a hacer una aproximación sobre el desarrollo de estas ideas en el neoliberalismo, que no deja de ser la extensión de las premisas liberales en un mundo global donde el mercado marca las relaciones económicas.
Análisis de accesibilidad en las fuentes de financiamiento para los cañicultores del cantón milagro
Authors: Espinoza Solìs Eduardo Javier , Arteaga Estrella Yadira Mariela , Christian Espinoza Ronald 
Published: December 2016

El presente trabajo de investigación muestra los resultados de la necesidad de financiamiento en los costos de producción de los cañicultores del cantón Milagro. Tuvo como objetivo examinar los mecanismos de crédito y abastecimiento de capital para fortalecer el sistema de producción de los agricultores sujeto de estudio. La investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, de campo, no experimental y transversal, permitió recoger información pertinente mediante encuestas efectuadas a los cañicultores de la zona; y se evidenció que existe una problemática en torno a las líneas de crédito necesarias para el sistema de producción. La población de estudio, 320 productores de caña de azúcar, pertenecen a la asociación de cañicultores del cantón Milagro, provincia del Guayas. Los resultados permitieron conocer la opinión de los productores de caña de azúcar que pertenecen a la asociación de cañicultores del cantón Milagro, sobre las oportunidades que tienen para acceder a créditos que les permita financiar los costos de producción.
Bilateral lateral rectus recession in exotropic Duane syndrome with downshoot
Authors: Gurung Chandra Maya , Ganesh Suma , Shrestha Pawan 
Published: December 2016

Objective: To report that maximum weakening of lateral rectus muscles can improve significant exotropia in primary position, abnormal head posture, retraction, narrowing of palpebral fissure and downshoot in exotropic duannes retraction syndrome. Case: A 12-year-old boy with exotropic Duane syndrome presented with downshoot and globe retraction in attempted adduction. Squint surgery was undertaken to correct the alignment and treat the secondary aberrant movements doing maximum weakening of the lateral rectus muscles by hang- back method. At 6 months follow up visit, there was improvement in abnormal head posture, reduction of ocular deviation with downshoot and stereoacuity. Conclusion: Supramaximal recession of lateral rectus muscles can correct exotropia with down shoot in a patient with Duane retraction syndrome. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2016; 8(15): 74-77
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with retrobulbar neuritis
Authors: Singh Pranisha , Karmacharya Srijana , Rizyal Aparna , Rijal A P 
Published: December 2016

Background: Retrobulbar neuritis in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) has been reported very rarely. Objective: To report a very rare case of HZO with retrobulbar neuritis with detailed clinical features and treatment responses. Case: A fifty-eight- year old male presented with Herpes zoster-retrobulbarneuritis in the left eye. It was characterized by decreased visual acuity, mid dilated pupil with sluggish reaction, normal optic disc and central scotoma in Humphrey visual field. Visual acuity improved with systemic Acyclovir and steroids. Conclusion: This is a rare case of HZO associated with retrobulbar neuritis. Prompt treatment with systemic antiviral and steroid improve the visual outcome. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2016; 8(15): 78-81
Etiopathogenetic patterns of blepharoptosis in Western Nepal : an Overview
Authors: Gautam Pragati , Adhikari Risihant , Sharma Basanta Raj 
Published: December 2016

Background: The clinical picture of blepharoptosis varies from a cosmetic problem to severe visual dysfunction depending on the pathogenesis and the degree of ptosis. Objective: To study the type, pattern and causes of ptosis in patients seeking oculopastic care in western Terai of Nepal Patients and methods: A retrospective descriptive hospital based was carried out over a period of 2 years in oculoplastic clinic in Lumbini Eye Institute, Bhairahawa. Demographic variables including the age of the patient, gender, laterality of the eye(s), visual acuity, presence of refractive error and or amblyopia, type of ptosis and previous ptosis surgery were recorded. Results: There were altogether 326 patients of ptosis during the 2 year-period. Congenital ptosis presented early the mean age being 23(SD ±9.91) years. Acquired ptosis presented late with the mean age of 35(SD± 14.98) years. Congenital ptosis was more common (52%) compared to acquired ptosis (48%). 4.7% of congenital ptosis had amblyopia. Among all ptosis patients, myogenic cause of ptosis was the commonest followed by mechanical, aponeurotic, traumatic and neurogenic. Simple congenital ptosis was the commonest, and among acquired ptosis, mechanical ptosis was the commonest. Most of the ptosis was unilateral (87.7%) regardless of its onset either congenital or acquired. Regarding the severity of ptosis, mild ptosis was the commonest. Conclusion: Ptosis was the 3rd most common lid condition in oculoplastic clinic presentation after entropion and chalazion. Simple congenital ptosis was the commonest form of ptosis. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2016; 8(15): 36-40
Collagen cross-linking in recalcitrant corneal ulcers: A case series
Authors: Agrawal Nisha , Singh S K 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Corneal ulcer is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Many of these patients don’t respond to conventional treatment with topical agents. Collagen cross-linking (CXL) has been suggested to avoid complications requiring emergency keratoplasty. Subjects and methods: Six eyes with presumed bacterial keratitis not responding to conventional treatment underwent CXL with ultraviolet A rays and transepithelial riboflavin. Patients with Descematocele and perforated ulcers were excluded. Preoperatively and postoperatively slit lamp examination of cornea and visual acuity recording was done. Postoperative outcome included subjective symptoms like relief in pain, photophobia, lacrimation and objective signs like improvement in epithelisation, corneal scarring with vascularisation. Results: Four of the six eyes healed completely with scarring at 2 months follow-up. One of the patients developed Descematocele on 12 days which perforated later. Other patient developed Descematocele on 20 days post CXL. Of the subjective symptoms, pain and epiphora improved in all the patients except one. Photophobia improved only a week after CXL in four out of six patients. Epithelial defect completely healed over time in four out of six cases. All the cases who responded to treatment developed superficial and deep vascularisation of the cornea. Decrease in corneal edema and scarring was noted in four out of the six cases. Conclusion: The collagen cross-linking has a beneficial role as an adjuvant to medical therapy in recalcitrant bacterial keratitis. It helps in relief of pain and healing of ulcer. Larger randomized control trails with longer follow-up are required to come to a definite conclusion. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2016; 8(15): 47-53
Frictional Resistance in Various Ceramic Brackets using Archwires of different Alloys, Sizes and Cross sections: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bahadur Yash Raj , Agarwal Deepak Kumar , Gupta Ankur , Prasad P Narayana 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Friction at the bracket-archwire interface has been observed as one of the most important factors affecting tooth movement. Hence it is importance to assess the friction generated during tooth movement to bring about optimal treatment results.Objective: To compare the frictional resistance of various ceramic brackets using different archwires, and to compare the static and kinetic frictional force of various ceramic brackets using different archwires.Materials & Method: The present study evaluated and compared the friction generated at the bracket archwire interface when 0.018” and 0.019”x0.025” stainless steel archwires and 0.019”x0.025” teflon coated stainless steel archwires were moved through conventionally ligated, passive self-ligating and interactive self-ligating ceramic brackets. The static and kinetic frictional forces were also evaluated and compared.Result: Highly significant differences in kinetic (p<0.001) and static (p<0.001) frictional forces were observed in all three groups when used with the different archwires. On comparing the static and kinetic frictional forces significant differences were observed among all three groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: The passive self-ligating brackets produce the least frictional forces when compared to interactive self-ligating and conventionally ligated brackets. Also, the static frictional forces were found to be more as compared to kinetic frictional forces.Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.18-22
Oral Health Status in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliance with Molar Bands and Bonded Tubes
Authors: Shrestha Sandhya , Sharma Anuj Kumar , Lamichhane Bikash 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Studies on effect of orthodontic treatment on oral health are found in ample and have demonstrated a causeeffect relationship. Many comparative studies on molar bands and bonded tubes have shown that, former are detrimental for periodontal health. However there are evidences of bonded molar tubes with high failure rates and causative of gingivitis.Objective: To assess the effect of molar bands and bonded tubes on periodontal health of the Nepalese orthodontic patients.Materials & Method: A total of 112 orthodontic patients aged between 13-30 years were assessed for Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Calculus Index and pocket depth on upper first molars with cemented bands and bondable tubes. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test to find the association between cemented molar bands and bonded molar tubes to periodontal status. Level of significance was set at p<0.05.Result: Very few orthodontic patients showed poor plaque accumulation sore, severe gingivitis and calculus deposits. Contrarily, 17% patients showed deeper periodontal pockets. The Gingival Index showed significant association between cemented molar band and bonded molar tube groups (p=0.001).Conclusion: Oral health is an important concern in fixed orthodontic patients. Use of both molar band and molar tube can cause progression of gingivitis. There is no significant change in periodontal health parameters in using cemented bands or bonded tubes when the oral hygiene is controlled. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.27-31
Women and Prostitution: Metaphor, Reality, History
Authors: Levine Philippa 
Published: December 2016

Using examples from modern British history, this paper examines the ways in which historical writing can contribute either to an understanding or a misuse of the phenomenon of prostitution. The recovery of information on prostitution is an immensely difficult task for the historian for, as is the case with other marginal existences, such data as we have tends to reflect the values and aspirations of an outwardly respectable literate group writing about such issues from the outside. This paper asks how historians might gain access to more than mere perceptions by social commentators, but rather to the lives and experiences of those engaged in sexual trading. With legal restrictions on prostitution and its practitioners as its starting points, it posits ways to read legal history as a form of social and of political history, and offers a critique of those whose work merely echoes — but does not seek to challenge — the misassumptions and stereotypes inscribed in a merely juridical reading of the available sources.
Papacy, Parish Churches, and Prophecy: The Popish Plot and the London Particular Baptists — A Case Study
Authors: Bustin Dennis 
Published: December 2016

On 13 August 1678, King Charles II was made aware of details of a supposed conspiracy by Jesuits to assassinate him. Anti-catholic hysteria gripped England and the so-called “Popish Plot” wreaked considerable havoc until 1681. In his work, Antichrist in Seventeenth-century England, Christopher Hill contended that during this period, the concept of Antichrist disappeared and even radical nonconformists abandoned the physical concept of Antichrist. However, the events of 1678 to 1681 were not lost upon the Particular Baptists of London, many of whom had suffered sporadic persecution since the Restoration. Hanserd Knollys, whose pen had remained still since the 1650s, once again began to publish. From this point until his death in 1691, Knollys focused on eschatology, publishing treatises on the subject, two of which appeared in 1679 at the height of the “Popish Plot.” Mystical Babylon Unvailed aggressively attacked Roman Catholicism, and national churches, including the Church of England, emphasizing that their idolatry presented a threat to England’s national and spiritual security. His other work of this period, An Exposition of the Eleventh Chapter of the Revelation, examined the rise, martyrdom, and resurrection of the Two Witnesses (Churches of the Saints) of Revelation II, concluding that their death at the hands of Antichrist (Rome and national churches) and their ensuing resurrection would occur in “about 1688” in a great city such as London. Clearly Hill’s assumptions regarding theories of Antichrist among nonconformists did not hold true with the Particular Baptists of London. In fact, the “Popish Plot” and the following events ignited a renewed eschatological fervour among them. Particular Baptists prior to that point had published few eschatological works. However, following it Hanserd Knollys, one of their most prodigious writers, published several eschatological works, and his focus and that of the Particular Baptists upon the end days and the Antichrist would continue, encouraged by the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
PROPAGATION OF RELATIVISTIC, HYDRODYNAMIC, INTERMITTENT JETS IN A ROTATING, COLLAPSING GRB PROGENITOR STAR
Authors: Geng Jin-Jun , Zhang Bing , Kuiper Rolf 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is characterized by rapid variabilities, which may be a direct reflection of the unsteady central engine. We perform a series of axisymmetric 2.5-dimensional simulations to study the propagation of relativistic, hydrodynamic, intermittent jets through the envelope of a GRB progenitor star. A realistic rapidly rotating star is incorporated as the background of jet propagation, and the star is allowed to collapse due to the gravity of the central black hole. By modeling the intermittent jets with constant-luminosity pulses with equal on and off durations, we investigate how the half period, T, affects the jet dynamics. For relatively small T values (e.g., 0.2 s), the jet breakout time t
bo depends on the opening angle of the jet, with narrower jets more penetrating and reaching the surface at shorter times. For T ≤ 1 s, the reverse shock (RS) crosses each pulse before the jet penetrates through the stellar envelope. As a result, after the breakout of the first group of pulses at t
bo, several subsequent pulses vanish before penetrating the star, causing a quiescent gap. For larger half periods (T = 2.0 and 4.0 s), all the pulses can successfully penetrate through the envelope, since each pulse can propagate through the star before the RS crosses the shell. Our results may interpret the existence of a weak precursor in some long GRBs, given that the GRB central engine injects intermittent pulses with a half period T ≤ 1 s. The observational data seem to be consistent with such a possibility.
SEARCH FOR BLAZAR FLUX-CORRELATED TEV NEUTRINOS IN ICECUBE 40-STRING DATA
Authors: Turley C. F. , Fox D. B. , Murase K. , Falcone A. , Barnaba M. , Coutu S. , Cowen D. F. , Filippatos G. , Hanna C. , Keivani A. , Messick C. , Mészáros P. , Mostafá M. , Oikonomou F. , Shoemaker I. , Toomey M. , Tešić G. ,   (For The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network)
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a targeted search for blazar flux-correlated high-energy (

≳ 1 TeV) neutrinos from six bright northern blazars, using the public database of northern hemisphere neutrinos detected during “IC40” 40-string operations of the IceCube neutrino observatory (2008 April to 2009 May). Our six targeted blazars are subjects of long-term monitoring campaigns by the VERITAS TeV γ-ray observatory. We use the publicly available VERITAS light curves to identify periods of excess and flaring emission. These predefined intervals serve as our “active temporal windows” in a search for an excess of neutrinos, relative to Poisson fluctuations of the near-isotropic atmospheric neutrino background, which dominates at these energies. After defining the parameters of an optimized search, we confirm the expected Poisson behavior with Monte Carlo simulations prior to testing for excess neutrinos in the actual data. We make two searches: one for excess neutrinos associated with the bright flares of Mrk 421 that occurred during the IC40 run, and one for excess neutrinos associated with the brightest emission periods of five other blazars (Mrk 501, 1ES 0806+524, 1ES 1218+304, 3C 66A, and W Comae), all significantly fainter than the Mrk 421 flares. We find no significant excess of neutrinos from the preselected blazar directions during the selected temporal windows. We derive 90% confidence upper limits on the number of expected flux-associated neutrinos from each search. These limits are consistent with previous point-source searches and Fermi GeV flux-correlated searches. Our upper limits are sufficiently close to the physically interesting regime that we anticipate that future analyses using already-collected data will either constrain models or yield discovery of the first blazar-associated high-energy neutrinos.
DETECTING RELATIVISTIC X-RAY JETS IN HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS
Authors: McKeough Kathryn , Siemiginowska Aneta , Cheung C. C. , Stawarz Łukasz , Kashyap Vinay L. , Stein Nathan , Stampoulis Vasileios , Dyk David A. van , Wardle J. F. C. , Lee N. P. , Harris D. E. , Schwartz D. A. , Donato Davide , Maraschi Laura , Tavecchio Fabrizio 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyze Chandra X-ray images of a sample of 11 quasars that are known to contain kiloparsec scale radio jets. The sample consists of five high-redshift (z ≥ 3.6) flat-spectrum radio quasars, and six intermediate redshift (2.1 < z < 2.9) quasars. The data set includes four sources with integrated steep radio spectra and seven with flat radio spectra. A total of 25 radio jet features are present in this sample. We apply a Bayesian multi-scale image reconstruction method to detect and measure the X-ray emission from the jets. We compute deviations from a baseline model that does not include the jet, and compare observed X-ray images with those computed with simulated images where no jet features exist. This allows us to compute p-value upper bounds on the significance that an X-ray jet is detected in a pre-determined region of interest. We detected 12 of the features unambiguously, and an additional six marginally. We also find residual emission in the cores of three quasars and in the background of one quasar that suggest the existence of unresolved X-ray jets. The dependence of the X-ray to radio luminosity ratio on redshift is a potential diagnostic of the emission mechanism, since the inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background photons (IC/CMB) is thought to be redshift dependent, whereas in synchrotron models no clear redshift dependence is expected. We find that the high-redshift jets have X-ray to radio flux ratios that are marginally inconsistent with those from lower redshifts, suggesting that either the X-ray emissions are due to the IC/CMB rather than the synchrotron process, or that high-redshift jets are qualitatively different.
THE LAST MINUTES OF OXYGEN SHELL BURNING IN A MASSIVE STAR
Authors: Müller Bernhard , Viallet Maxime , Heger Alexander , Janka Hans-Thomas 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the first 4π–three-dimensional (3D) simulation of the last minutes of oxygen shell burning in an 18 M
⊙ supernova progenitor up to the onset of core collapse. A moving inner boundary is used to accurately model the contraction of the silicon and iron core according to a one-dimensional stellar evolution model with a self-consistent treatment of core deleptonization and nuclear quasi-equilibrium. The simulation covers the full solid angle to allow the emergence of large-scale convective modes. Due to core contraction and the concomitant acceleration of nuclear burning, the convective Mach number increases to ∼0.1 at collapse, and an ℓ = 2 mode emerges shortly before the end of the simulation. Aside from a growth of the oxygen shell from 0.51 M
⊙ to 0.56 M
⊙ due to entrainment from the carbon shell, the convective flow is reasonably well described by mixing-length theory, and the dominant scales are compatible with estimates from linear stability analysis. We deduce that artificial changes in the physics, such as accelerated core contraction, can have precarious consequences for the state of convection at collapse. We argue that scaling laws for the convective velocities and eddy sizes furnish good estimates for the state of shell convection at collapse and develop a simple analytic theory for the impact of convective seed perturbations on shock revival in the ensuing supernova. We predict a reduction of the critical luminosity for explosion by 12%–24% due to seed asphericities for our 3D progenitor model relative to the case without large seed perturbations.