bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Straight Through Processing (STP): Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Natarajan Mohan , Khan Arshad , Nadkarni Girish , Sethu G 
Published: August 2016

The financial services industry is in the midst of transformation. Straight Through Processing (STP) is one of the major initiatives currently under way in developed securities markets. STP strives to reduce the trade transaction settlement cycle. STP is expected to reduce transaction processing risk and cost and may offer opportunities for value-added products and services to customers. Indian government has announced its intention to reduce the settlement cycles from (T+3) to (T+2) and eventually to (T+1) over the next few years. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has been asking the Indian securities industry to implement STP which is characterized by significant real time virtual processing with concurrent information exchange. Implementation of STP has many strategic angles. The players would see STP as a project investment and would be motivated only if there are gains commensurate with risks. All players are unlikely to benefit evenly. Some players are further along the learning curve than others. There are multiple messaging standards and software making interoperability a difficult issue to resolve to everyone's satisfaction. Successful implementation of STP would result in a quantum jump in the way security market transactions are processed in India. But, it is a challenging task. This colloquium was arranged to discuss the main issues as seen by the market participants in the securities industry in India. The panel members addressed the following issues: What is STP? What kinds of benefits from STP have been realized in the global markets? What are the challenges of implementing STP in the Indian securities market? The salient features of the responses are as follows: At present, different entities in the security transaction processing work use different systems. There is no synchronization of data. In developed markets, much progress has been made in eliminating this roadblock. In India, we should address this issue quickly to realize the benefits of STP. STP implementation in each entity has two elements - streamlining external processes (external STP) as well as internal processes (internal STP). Benefits of STP arise from operational efficiencies, productivity gains, and also from improved customer satisfaction. The biggest challenge for STP is to ‘determine the best approach.’ This dilemma is further complicated due to the two elements of STP strategy: internal STP and external STP.
Subsidiary Initiative in Indian Software Subsidiaries of MNCs
Authors: Krishnan Rishikesha T 
Published: August 2016

In this paper, the author investigates intrapreneurship in software subsidiaries of multinational corporations in India using an analogous concept—subsidiary initiative— that has been used in the international business literature. Subsidiary initiative is a discrete, proactive undertaking by an operational unit situated outside the home country that advances a new way for the corporation to use or expand its resources. Based on an analysis of published case studies written on the Indian software subsidiaries of Motorola, Philips, and Siemens, the author finds that subsidiary initiative played a visible role in obtaining business at the early stages of the subsidiary�s evolution when organizational credibility was lacking and the liability of the country of origin had to be overcome. Subsidiary initiative is also critical if the subsidiary wishes to reposition itself in its market, i.e., in the network of the multinational parent. Barriers to subsidiary initiative include the following: administrative heritage of the subsidiary difficulties in the evaluation of business potential lack of funds to develop new capabilities the attrition of qualified people. Moving to a higher position on the value curve is impeded by the nature of past relationships with internal customers and the strong bargaining position of these customers. These barriers are accentuated by asymmetries in the flexibility allowed to product divisions and subsidiaries. High levels of subsidiary initiative are associated with low levels of integration and high levels of autonomy. This is contrary to earlier research done on multinational subsidiaries in the developed country context. The author proposes that the explanation for this contrast lies in the different contexts in which these subsidiaries operate. Specifically, subsidiary initiative in the Indian context is an outcome of subsidiary managers seeking to cope with the environment in which they operate.The distinctive features of this environment include: the pressure of retaining and motivating engineers with multiple career options pressures from the media and wider social expectations a desire to control one�s destiny when there is a realization that India�s time has come. The author also finds a new trend in the organizational arrangements of software subsidiaries within multinationals in that some multinational parents are allowing subsidiaries to chart their own destiny in return for dilution of a part (or whole) of their stake in the subsidiary. Based on this trend, he proposes a new model titled ‘Competitiveness for Growth Opportunities’ for the subsidiary-parent relationship to replace the existing ‘Loyalty for Security in the MNC Network’ model. In conclusion, the author argues that more multinational corporations will have to shift to this new model to achieve the level of agility required to compete in an era of rapid changes in technology and enhanced competition.
Activity Theory: A Useful Framework for Analysing Project-Based Organizations
Authors: Vakkayil Jacob D 
Published: August 2016

This paper contributes to the efforts to understand the dynamics of project mode of work and project-based organizations by highlighting the usefulness of Activity Theory and the associated concepts from practice-based approaches to organizations. The author utilizes his experiences during his doctoral work in the setting of software development firms in India. Initially, the theoretical roots of the Activity Theory are explored in the context of other practice-based frameworks. Through an elaborate structuring of the elements in social and organizational situations, the concept of “activity” tries to overcome the separation of human action from the relevant elements embedded in the context. By engaging with various aspects of systemic and individual peculiarities in understanding a situation, the Activity Theory strives to make the analysis of organizational situations richer and deeper. The importance of such an approach for analysing project mode of work is explored and its feasibility is illustrated by suggesting that projects in software development can be analysed effectively as “activities”. While conceptualizing organizational units like software projects as activities, it is important to also visualize devices for understanding their interactions with other activities within and outside the organization. This is especially true for outsourced software development work. For this, the ideas of “boundary objects” and “boundary spanners” are conceptualized in an activity theoretical way. By utilizing these ideas, it is illustrated how two dimensions of inter-activity interactions can be identified and studied. It is especially noted that multiple activity memberships and trajectories of organizational actors and tools can be profitably incorporated into research efforts that strive to bring such interactions in project-based organizations to the limelight. From a practice perspective, the ideas associated with the Activity Theory can help in looking at the challenges of project management in newer ways. For example: It can give them a vocabulary to understand expertise in newer ways. Resultantly, it can help them explore ways of facilitating the creation and maintenance of expertise in the project. The theory can also help them create processes for inter-activity interactions creatively by considering the socio-historical aspects of other activities both within and outside the company. Like other frameworks used for organizational analysis, the Activity Theory focuses on certain aspects of human action and interprets them using a unique vocabulary and theoretical standpoint. This inevitably results in concerns, limiting factors, and the grey areas where the framework may not be as illuminating. These are explored and some directions in which they could be addressed are pointed out at the end of the article.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: MacQueen Glenda M. , Frey Benicio N. , Ismail Zahinoor , Jaworska Natalia , Steiner Meir , Lieshout Ryan J. Van , Kennedy Sidney H. , Lam Raymond W. , Milev Roumen V. , Parikh Sagar V. , Ravindran Arun V. ,   the CANMAT Depression Work Group
Published: August 2016

Background: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and recommendations. The scope of the 2016 guidelines remains the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with a target audience of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. Methods: Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical expert consensus. This section on “Special Populations” is the sixth of six guidelines articles. Results: Recent studies inform the treatment of MDD in children and adolescents, pregnant and breastfeeding women, women in perimenopause or menopause, and the elderly. Evidence for efficacy of treatments in these populations is more limited than for the general adult population, however, and risks of treatment in these groups are often poorly studied and reported. Conclusions: Despite the limited evidence base, extant data and clinical experience suggest that each of these special populations can benefit from the systematic application of treatment guidelines for treatment of MDD.
Implications of different criteria for percutaneous coronary intervention-related myocardial infarction on study results of three large phase III clinical trials: The CHAMPION experience
Authors: Leonardi Sergio , Lopes Renato D , Steg Ph. Gabriel , Abnousi Freddy , Menozzi Alberto , Prats Jayne , Mangum Stacey , Wilson Matthew , Todd Meredith , Stone Gregg W , Gibson C Michael , Hamm Christian W , Price Matthew J , White Harvey D , Harrington Robert A , Bhatt Deepak L , Mahaffey Kenneth W 
Published: August 2016

Aims: The purpose of this study was to test whether different results between Cangrelor versus standard therapy to acHieve optimal Management of Platelet InhibitiON (CHAMPION) PCI/PLATFORM and PHOENIX trials are due in part to different definitions of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-related myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and results: In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the definition of MI was identical in CHAMPION PCI and PLATFORM and did not require an assessment of baseline cardiac biomarker status, while in PHOENIX specific MI criteria were associated with different patient presentations. The same MI criteria were used in PCI, PLATFORM, and PHOENIX for patients with stable angina. Logistic regression assessed the effect of cangrelor on MI (PCI- and non-PCI related) in the combined PCI/PLATFORM population and in PHOENIX. Consistency of cangrelor’s effect in PCI/PLATFORM and in PHOENIX in patients with stable angina and in those with an ACS (with or without ST elevation) was evaluated. Overall, the incidence of PCI-related MI at 48 h was 6.3% in PCI/PLATFORM and 4.0% in PHOENIX. In patients with ACS, MI incidence was 6.4% in PCI/PLATFORM and 1.7% in PHOENIX, and 6.3% and 5.6%, respectively in stable angina patients. Cangrelor’s effect on PCI-related MI differed between PCI/PLATFORM (odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–1.17) and PHOENIX (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.98) with pINT=0.04. This difference was mostly evident in patients with ACS ( pINT= 0.06) while the effect was consistent in patients with stable angina ( pINT=0.81). Results were similar when all MIs were analyzed. Conclusions: The definition of PCI-related MI has important implications for event rates, treatment effect, and study results. This illustrates the importance of a rigorous assessment of PCI-related MI in clinical trials of patients with an ACS.
Light path alignment for computed tomography of scattering material
Authors: Iwaguchi Takafumi , Funatomi Takuya , Kubo Hiroyuki , Mukaigawa Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We aim to estimate internal slice of the scattering material by Computed Tomography (CT). In the scattering material, the light path is disturbed and is spread. Conventional CT cannot measure the scattering material because they rely on the assumption that rays are straight and parallel. We propose light path alignment to deal with scattering rays. Each path of disturbed scattering light is approximated with a straight line. Then the light path in the object corresponding to a single incident ray is modeled as straight paths spreading from incident point. These spreading paths are aligned to be parallel, so that they can be used directly by conventional reconstruction algorithm.
Assessment of the sea-ice carbon pump: Insights from a three-dimensional ocean-sea-ice biogeochemical model (NEMO-LIM-PISCES)
Authors: Moreau Sébastien , Vancoppenolle Martin , Bopp Laurent , Aumont Oliver , Madec Gurvan , Delille Bruno , Tison Jean-Louis , Barriat Pierre-Yves , Goosse Hugues 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The role of sea ice in the carbon cycle is minimally represented in current Earth System Models (ESMs). Among potentially important flaws, mentioned by several authors and generally overlooked during ESM design, is the link between sea-ice growth and melt and oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA). Here we investigate whether this link is indeed an important feature of the marine carbon cycle misrepresented in ESMs. We use an ocean general circulation model (NEMO-LIM-PISCES) with sea-ice and marine carbon cycle components, forced by atmospheric reanalyses, adding a first-order representation of DIC and TA storage and release in/from sea ice. Our results suggest that DIC rejection during sea-ice growth releases several hundred Tg C yr−1 to the surface ocean, of which &lt; 2% is exported to depth, leading to a notable but weak redistribution of DIC towards deep polar basins. Active carbon processes (mainly CaCO3 precipitation but also ice-atmosphere CO2 fluxes and net community production) increasing the TA/DIC ratio in sea-ice modified ocean-atmosphere CO2 fluxes by a few Tg C yr−1 in the sea-ice zone, with specific hemispheric effects: DIC content of the Arctic basin decreased but DIC content of the Southern Ocean increased. For the global ocean, DIC content increased by 4 Tg C yr−1 or 2 Pg C after 500 years of model run. The simulated numbers are generally small compared to the present-day global ocean annual CO2 sink (2.6 ± 0.5 Pg C yr−1). However, sea-ice carbon processes seem important at regional scales as they act significantly on DIC redistribution within and outside polar basins. The efficiency of carbon export to depth depends on the representation of surface-subsurface exchanges and their relationship with sea ice, and could differ substantially if a higher resolution or different ocean model were used.
Correlation coefficients, path analysis and disease reaction between yield and yield components in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes in Bale, South Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Workalemahu Getachew , Mohammed Wassu 
Published: August 2016

Study on the relationships between yield and its components will improve the efficiency of breeding programmes by determining appropriate selection criteria. An investigation was carried out on 24 potato genotypes to find out the association among yield, yield components and their direct and indirect effects on tuber yield of potato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications at Sinana Agricultural Research Center. The association was analyzed by correlation coefficient, and further subjected to path analysis to estimate direct and indirect effects of each character on tuber yield. Positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation were found between total tuber yield and marketable tuber yield (rg=0.99), leaf area index (rg=0.82), plant height(rg=0.56), stem number per plant(rg=0.56), average tuber weight (rg=0.74) and biomass yield (rg=0.69). Path analysis of tuber yield and its components shows that marketable tuber yield and average tuber weight had maximum positive direct genotypic and phenotypic effect on total tuber yield indicating their importance in selection for tuber yield improvement.
Uszkodzenia cieplne lotniczych silników turbinowych
Authors: Szczepankowski Andrzej , Szymczak Janusz 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNajczęściej spotykane w procesie eksploatacji lotniczych silników turbinowych (LST) przyczyny inicjacji uszkodzeń cieplnych zespołów turbin zostały opisane i zilustrowane przykładami stwierdzanej, podczas wykonywania kontroli endoskopowych, postępującej degradacji stanu powierzchni części i podzespołów różnego typu jednostek napędowych. Omówiono najczęściej wprowadzane w nich zmiany konstrukcyjno-technologiczne. Zwrócono też uwagę na wady wynikające z błędów, jakie popełnia się w procesie eksploatacji, remontu czy też wytwarzania, a rzutujących na bezpieczeństwo użytkowania LST.
Boundary value problems for the inhomogeneous polyanalytic equation I
Authors: Begehr Heinrich , Kumar Ajay 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The three basic boundary value problems in complex analysis are of Schwarz, of Dirichlet and of Neumann type. When higher order equations are investigated all kind of combinations of these boundary conditions are proper to determine solutions. However, not all of these conditions are leading to well-posed problems. Some are overdetermined so that solvability conditions have to be found. Some of these boundary value problems are treated here for the inhomogeneous polyanalytic equation.
Validation of a new assay for α-synuclein detection in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Førland Marthe Gurine , Öhrfelt Annika , Oftedal Linn Silje , Tysnes Ole-Bjørn , Larsen Jan Petter , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Alves Guido , Lange Johannes 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background:
Abnormal α-synuclein aggregation and deposition is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), but is also found in Alzheimer disease (AD). Therefore, there is a gaining interest in α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as potential biomarker for these neurodegenerative diseases. To broaden the available choices of α-synuclein measurement in CSF, we developed and validated a new assay for detecting total α-synuclein.

Methods:
This novel ELISA uses commercially available antibodies and is based on electrochemiluminescence technology. The assay protocol is straightforward, with short and simple incubation steps, and requires only small amounts of CSF. We validated this assay for precision, parallelism, dilution linearity, specificity, and spike recovery. We further compared it to the newly validated α-synuclein assay from BioLegend by analyzing a set of 50 CSF samples with both assays.

Results:
The new assay quantifies α-synuclein in CSF with a lower limit of detection of 36.3 pg/mL and shows no cross-reactivity with human β- and γ-synuclein. Results of dilution linearity, parallelism, spike recovery, and precision classify this assay as well suited for α-synuclein detection in human CSF samples.

Conclusions:
We present a novel assay based on freely available components to quantify total α-synuclein in CSF as an additional method for α-synuclein as a biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases. The assay convinces with its simple and convenient protocol paired with high sensitivity.
For the Game, for the Loyal Partisans: Distribution of Sport Grants in Slovakia
Authors: Spáč Peter 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Distribution of resources is at the core of politics. Although this activity is primarily economic in nature, the existing research shows that political representatives often use the allocation of public money to reward their allies at the expense of their rivals. This paper analyses a 2015 governmental programme of local sport grants in Slovakia that aimed to build sport facilities for children and young people. In order to avoid any political bias, the programme was established as a neutral mechanism with an anonymous evaluation of grant requests. The results of analysis, however, provide substantial evidence that the subsidies were given primarily to towns with closer political ties to the government while municipalities led by mayors from the opposition were nearly fully ignored. In addition, the presented social and economic aims of the funding programme were not effectively pursued. The paper thus represents a valuable contribution to the discussion of distributive politics, in general, as it shows that, despite the respective legal framework, the allocation of resources may still end up as a process fuelled by partisan interests.
Simulation of heat transfer in combustion chamber waterwall tubes of supercritical steam boilers
Authors: Grądziel Sławomir , Majewski Karol 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the results of numerical computations performed for the furnace chamber waterwalls of a supercritical boiler with a steam output of 2400 × 103 kg/h. A model of distributed parameters is proposed for the waterwall operation simulation. It is based on the solution of equations describing the mass, momentum and energy conservation laws. The aim of the calculations was to determine the distribution of enthalpy, mass flow and fluid pressure in tubes. The balance equations can be brought to a form where on the left-hand side space derivatives, and on the right-hand side – time derivatives are obtained. The time derivatives on the right-hand side were replaced with backward difference quotients. This system of ordinary differential equations was solved using the Runge-Kutta method. The calculation also takes account of the variable thermal load of the chamber along its height. This thermal load distribution is known from the calculations of the heat exchange in the combustion chamber. The calculations were carried out with the zone method.
Experimental verification of the scaling laws for CFB boilers of different designs
Authors: Mirek Paweł , Klajny Marcin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In the paper flow dynamic similarity criteria have been presented to reflect the macroscopic flow pattern in the combustion chamber of large-scale circulating fluidised bed boilers. The proposed scaling rules have been verified on two cold models of CFB boilers operating in Tauron Wytwarzanie S.A. - El. Lagisza division (scale factor 1/20) and Fortum Power and Heat Poland Sp. z o. o. Czestochowa division (scale factor 1/10) – working with the power of 966 MWth and 120 MWth, respectively. As follows from the results of measurements, regardless of CFB boiler’s geometry the use of a defined set of criterial numbers allows to obtain satisfactory agreement between the suspension density distributions registered in the CFB boilers and scaling models.