bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical time-reversal symmetry breaking and photo-induced chiral spin liquids in frustrated Mott insulators
Authors: Claassen Martin , Jiang Hong-Chen , Moritz Brian , Devereaux Thomas P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe search for quantum spin liquids in frustrated quantum magnets recently has enjoyed a surge of interest, with various candidate materials under intense scrutiny. However, an experimental confirmation of a gapped topological spin liquid remains an open question. Here, we show that circularly polarized light can provide a knob to drive frustrated Mott insulators into a chiral spin liquid, realizing an elusive quantum spin liquid with topological order. We find that the dynamics of a driven Kagome Mott insulator is well-captured by an effective Floquet spin model, with heating strongly suppressed, inducing a scalar spin chirality S
i
· (S
j
× S
k
) term which dynamically breaks time-reversal while preserving SU(2) spin symmetry. We fingerprint the transient phase diagram and find a stable photo-induced chiral spin liquid near the equilibrium state. The results presented suggest employing dynamical symmetry breaking to engineer quantum spin liquids and access elusive phase transitions that are not readily accessible in equilibrium.
Asymmetric localization of DLC1 defines avian trunk neural crest polarity for directional delamination and migration
Authors: Liu Jessica Aijia , Rao Yanxia , Cheung May Pui Lai , Hui Man-Ning , Wu Ming-Hoi , Chan Lo-Kong , Ng Irene Oi-Lin , Niu Ben , Cheah Kathryn S. E. , Sharma Rakesh , Hodgson Louis , Cheung Martin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFollowing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, acquisition of avian trunk neural crest cell (NCC) polarity is prerequisite for directional delamination and migration, which in turn is essential for peripheral nervous system development. However, how this cell polarization is established and regulated remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that, using the RHOA biosensor in vivo and in vitro, the initiation of NCC polarization is accompanied by highly activated RHOA in the cytoplasm at the cell rear and its fluctuating activity at the front edge. This differential RHOA activity determines polarized NC morphology and motility, and is regulated by the asymmetrically localized RhoGAP Deleted in liver cancer (DLC1) in the cytoplasm at the cell front. Importantly, the association of DLC1 with NEDD9 is crucial for its asymmetric localization and differential RHOA activity. Moreover, NC specifiers, SOX9 and SOX10, regulate NEDD9 and DLC1 expression, respectively. These results present a SOX9/SOX10-NEDD9/DLC1-RHOA regulatory axis to govern NCC migratory polarization.
Nanoplasmonic electron acceleration by attosecond-controlled forward rescattering in silver clusters
Authors: Passig Johannes , Zherebtsov Sergey , Irsig Robert , Arbeiter Mathias , Peltz Christian , Göde Sebastian , Skruszewicz Slawomir , Meiwes-Broer Karl-Heinz , Tiggesbäumker Josef , Kling Matthias F. , Fennel Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the strong-field photoemission from atoms, molecules, and surfaces, the fastest electrons emerge from tunneling and subsequent field-driven recollision, followed by elastic backscattering. This rescattering picture is central to attosecond science and enables control of the electron’s trajectory via the sub-cycle evolution of the laser electric field. Here we reveal a so far unexplored route for waveform-controlled electron acceleration emerging from forward rescattering in resonant plasmonic systems. We studied plasmon-enhanced photoemission from silver clusters and found that the directional acceleration can be controlled up to high kinetic energy with the relative phase of a two-color laser field. Our analysis reveals that the cluster’s plasmonic near-field establishes a sub-cycle directional gate that enables the selective acceleration. The identified generic mechanism offers robust attosecond control of the electron acceleration at plasmonic nanostructures, opening perspectives for laser-based sources of attosecond electron pulses.
An automated platform for high-throughput mouse behavior and physiology with voluntary head-fixation
Authors: Aoki Ryo , Tsubota Tadashi , Goya Yuki , Benucci Andrea 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecording neural activity during animal behavior is a cornerstone of modern brain research. However, integration of cutting-edge technologies for neural circuit analysis with complex behavioral measurements poses a severe experimental bottleneck for researchers. Critical problems include a lack of standardization for psychometric and neurometric integration, and lack of tools that can generate large, sharable data sets for the research community in a time and cost effective way. Here, we introduce a novel mouse behavioral learning platform featuring voluntary head fixation and automated high-throughput data collection for integrating complex behavioral assays with virtually any physiological device. We provide experimental validation by demonstrating behavioral training of mice in visual discrimination and auditory detection tasks. To examine facile integration with physiology systems, we coupled the platform to a two-photon microscope for imaging of cortical networks at single-cell resolution. Our behavioral learning and recording platform is a prototype for the next generation of mouse cognitive studies.
First-line antibiotic therapy in Helicobacter pylori-negative low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Kuo Sung-Hsin , Yeh Kun-Huei , Wu Ming-Shiang , Lin Chung-Wu , Wei Ming-Feng , Liou Jyh-Ming , Wang Hsiu-Po , Chen Li-Tzong , Cheng Ann-Lii 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFirst-line antibiotic treatment for eradicatingHelicobacter pylori(HP) infection is effective in HP-positive low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma), but its role in HP-negative cases is uncertain. In this exploratory retrospective study, we assessed the outcome and potential predictive biomarkers for 25 patients with HP-negative localized gastric MALToma who received first-line HP eradication (HPE) therapy. An HP-negative status was defined as negative results on histology, rapid urease test,13C urea breath test, and serology. We observed an antibiotic response (complete remission [CR], number = 8; partial remission, number = 1) in 9 (36.0%) out of 25 patients. A t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation was detected in 7 (43.8%) of 16 antibiotic-unresponsive cases, but in none of the 9 antibiotic-responsive cases (P = 0.027). Nuclear BCL10 expression was significantly higher in antibiotic-unresponsive tumors than in antibiotic-responsive tumors (14/16 [87.5%] vs. 1/9 [11.1%]; P = 0.001). Nuclear NF-κB expression was also significantly higher in antibiotic-unresponsive tumors than in antibiotic-responsive tumors (12/16 [75.0%] vs. 1/9 [11.1%]; P = 0.004). A substantial portion of patients with HP-negative gastric MALToma responded to first-line HPE. In addition to t(11;18)(q21;q21), BCL10 and NF-κB are useful immunohistochemical biomarkers to predict antibiotic-unresponsive status in this group of tumors.
Nanobodies effectively modulate the enzymatic activity of CD38 and allow specific imaging of CD38+ tumors in mouse models in vivo
Authors: Fumey William , Koenigsdorf Julia , Kunick Valentin , Menzel Stephan , Schütze Kerstin , Unger Mandy , Schriewer Levin , Haag Friedrich , Adam Gerhard , Oberle Anna , Binder Mascha , Fliegert Ralf , Guse Andreas , Zhao Yong Juan , Cheung Lee Hon , Malavasi Fabio , Goldbaum Fernando , van Hegelsom Rob , Stortelers Catelijne , Bannas Peter , Koch-Nolte Friedrich 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe cell surface ecto-enzyme CD38 is a promising target antigen for the treatment of hematological malignancies, as illustrated by the recent approval of daratumumab for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of CD38-specific nanobodies as novel diagnostics for hematological malignancies. We successfully identified 22 CD38-specific nanobody families using phage display technology from immunized llamas. Crossblockade analyses and in-tandem epitope binning revealed that the nanobodies recognize three different non-overlapping epitopes, with four nanobody families binding complementary to daratumumab. Three nanobody families inhibit the enzymatic activity of CD38 in vitro, while two others were found to act as enhancers. In vivo, fluorochrome-conjugated CD38 nanobodies efficiently reach CD38 expressing tumors in a rodent model within 2 hours after intravenous injection, thereby allowing for convenient same day in vivo tumor imaging. These nanobodies represent highly specific tools for modulating the enzymatic activity of CD38 and for diagnostic monitoring CD38-expressing tumors.
A Study on Doped Heterojunctions in TiO2 Nanotubes: An Efficient Photocatalyst for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Preethi L. K. , Antony Rajini P. , Mathews Tom , Walczak Lukasz , Gopinath Chinnakonda S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe two important factors that affect sunlight assisted water splitting ability of TiO2are its charge recombination and large band gap. We report the first demonstration of nitrogen doped triphase (anatase-rutile-brookite) TiO2nanotubes as sun light active photocatalyst for water splitting with high quantum efficiency. Nitrogen doped triphase TiO2nanotubes, corresponding to different nitrogen concentrations, are synthesized electrochemically. Increase in nitrogen concentration in triphase TiO2nanotubes is found to induce brookite to anatase phase transformation. The variation in density of intra-band states (Ti3+and N 2p states) with increase in nitrogen doping are found to be critical in tuning the photocatalytic activity of TiO2nanotubes. The presence of bulk heterojunctions in single nanotube of different nitrogen doped TiO2samples is confirmed from HRTEM analysis. The most active nitrogen doped triphase TiO2nanotubes are found to be 12 times efficient compared to pristine triphase TiO2, for solar hydrogen generation. The band alignment and charge transfer pathways in nitrogen doped TiO2with triphase heterojunctions are delineated. Bulk heterojunctions among the three phases present in the nanotubes with intra-band defect states is shown to enhance the photocatalytic activity tremendously. Our study also confirms the theory that three phase system is efficient in photocatalysis compared to two phase system.
A random acceleration model of individual animal movement allowing for diffusive, superdiffusive and superballistic regimes
Authors: Tilles Paulo F. C. , Petrovskii Sergei V. , Natti Paulo L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPatterns of individual animal movement attracted considerable attention over the last two decades. In particular, question as to whether animal movement is predominantly diffusive or superdiffusive has been a focus of discussion and controversy. We consider this problem using a theory of stochastic motion based on the Langevin equation with non-Wiener stochastic forcing that originates in animal’s response to environmental noise. We show that diffusive and superdiffusive types of motion are inherent parts of the same general movement process that arises as interplay between the force exerted by animals (essentially, by animal’s muscles) and the environmental drag. The movement is superballistic with the mean square displacement growing with time as$$\langle {x}^{2}(t)\rangle \sim {t}^{4}$$〈x2(t)〉∼t4at the beginning and eventually slowing down to the diffusive spread$$\langle {x}^{2}(t)\rangle \sim t$$〈x2(t)〉∼t. We show that the duration of the superballistic and superdiffusive stages can be long depending on the properties of the environmental noise and the intensity of drag. Our findings demonstrate theoretically how the movement pattern that includes diffusive and superdiffusive/superballistic motion arises naturally as a result of the interplay between the dissipative properties of the environment and the animal’s biological traits such as the body mass, typical movement velocity and the typical duration of uninterrupted movement.
Face-specific memory deficits and changes in eye scanning patterns among patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kawagoe Toshikazu , Matsushita Masateru , Hashimoto Mamoru , Ikeda Manabu , Sekiyama Kaoru 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies have shown functional and structural degradation of the fusiform face area, which is a core region for face processing, in addition to medial temporal lobe degradation. We predicted that patients with aMCI exhibit a loss of face processing and/or face memory, accompanied by abnormal eye scanning patterns, since patients who have deficits in face perception (i.e. prosopagnosia) exhibit such tendencies. Eighteen patients with aMCI and age-matched healthy controls were tested for perception and short-term memory of visually presented faces and houses while their gaze was recorded. Patients with aMCI showed a decline in memory, compared with control observers, for faces, but not for houses. Patients looked more at the mouth of faces, compared with control observers. We demonstrate here the loss of short-term face memory in aMCI with abnormal scanning patterns that might reflect the cerebral abnormality found in patients with aMCI.
POTAGE: A Visualisation Tool for Speeding up Gene Discovery in Wheat
Authors: Suchecki Radosław , Watson-Haigh Nathan S. , Baumann Ute 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPOPSEQ Ordered Triticum aestivum Gene Expression (POTAGE) is a web application which accelerates the process of identifying candidate genes for quantitative trait loci (QTL) in hexaploid wheat. This is achieved by leveraging several of the most commonly used data sets in wheat research. These include the Chromosome Survey Sequences, their order along the chromosomes determined by the population sequencing (POPSEQ) approach, the gene predictions and RNA-Seq expression data. POTAGE aggregates those data sets and provides an intuitive interface for biologists to explore the expression of the predicted genes and their functional annotation in a chromosomal context. The interface accelerates some of the laborious and repetitive tasks commonly undertaken in the process of identifying and prioritising genes which may underlie QTL. We illustrate the utility of POTAGE by showing how a short-list of candidate genes can quickly be identified for a QTL linked to pre-harvest sprouting - a major cause of quality and yield loss in wheat production. The candidate genes identified using POTAGE included TaMKK3, which was recently reported as a causal gene for seed dormancy in wheat, and a mutation in its barley ortholog has been shown to reduce pre-harvest sprouting. POTAGE is available at http://crobiad.agwine.adelaide.edu.au/potage.
Low levels of exosomal-miRNAs in maternal blood are associated with early pregnancy loss in cloned cattle
Authors: De Bem T. H. C. , da Silveira J. C , Sampaio R. V. , Sangalli J. R. , Oliveira M. L. F. , Ferreira R. M. , Silva L. A. , Perecin F. , King W. A. , Meirelles F. V. , Ramos E. S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNuclear reprogramming mediated by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has many applications in medicine. However, animal clones show increased rates of abortion and reduced neonatal viability. Herein, we used exosomal-miRNA profiles as a non-invasive biomarker to identify pathological pregnancies. MiRNAs play important roles in cellular proliferation and differentiation during early mammalian development. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify exosomal-miRNAs in maternal blood at 21 days of gestation that could be used for diagnosis and prognosis during early clone pregnancies in cattle. Out of 40 bovine-specific miRNAs, 27 (67.5%) were with low abundance in the C-EPL (Clone - Early pregnancy loss) group compared with the C-LTP (Clone - Late pregnancy) and AI-LTP (Artificial Insemination - Late pregnancy) groups, which had similar miRNAs levels. Bioinformatics analysis of the predicted target genes demonstrated signaling pathways and functional annotation clusters associated with critical biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and embryonic development. In conclusion, our results demonstrate decreased exosomal-miRNAs in maternal blood at 21 days of gestation in cloned cattle pregnancies that failed to reach term. Furthermore, the predicted target genes regulated by these 27 miRNAs are strongly associated with pregnancy establishment and in utero embryonic development.
Increases in the autistic trait of attention to detail are associated with decreased multisensory temporal adaptation
Authors: Stevenson Ryan A. , Toulmin Jennifer K. , Youm Ariana , Besney Richard M. A. , Schulz Samantha E. , Barense Morgan D. , Ferber Susanne 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecent empirical evidence suggests that autistic individuals perceive the world differently than their typically-developed peers. One theoretical account, the predictive coding hypothesis, posits that autistic individuals show a decreased reliance on previous perceptual experiences, which may relate to autism symptomatology. We tested this through a well-characterized, audiovisual statistical-learning paradigm in which typically-developed participants were first adapted to consistent temporal relationships between audiovisual stimulus pairs (audio-leading, synchronous, visual-leading) and then performed a simultaneity judgement task with audiovisual stimulus pairs varying in temporal offset from auditory-leading to visual-leading. Following exposure to the visual-leading adaptation phase, participants’ perception of synchrony was biased towards visual-leading presentations, reflecting the statistical regularities of their previously experienced environment. Importantly, the strength of adaptation was significantly related to the level of autistic traits that the participant exhibited, measured by the Autism Quotient (AQ). This was specific to the Attention to Detail subscale of the AQ that assesses the perceptual propensity to focus on fine-grain aspects of sensory input at the expense of more integrative perceptions. More severe Attention to Detail was related to weaker adaptation. These results support the predictive coding framework, and suggest that changes in sensory perception commonly reported in autism may contribute to autistic symptomatology.
A Computational Method of Defining Potential Biomarkers based on Differential Sub-Networks
Authors: Huang Xin , Lin Xiaohui , Zeng Jun , Wang Lichao , Yin Peiyuan , Zhou Lina , Hu Chunxiu , Yao Weihong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnalyzing omics data from a network-based perspective can facilitate biomarker discovery. To improve disease diagnosis and identify prospective information indicating the onset of complex disease, a computational method for identifying potential biomarkers based on differential sub-networks (PB-DSN) is developed. In PB-DSN, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is used to measure the relationship between feature ratios and to infer potential networks. A differential sub-network is extracted to identify crucial information for discriminating different groups and indicating the emergence of complex diseases. Subsequently, PB-DSN defines potential biomarkers based on the topological analysis of these differential sub-networks. In this study, PB-DSN is applied to handle a static genomics dataset of small, round blue cell tumors and a time-series metabolomics dataset of hepatocellular carcinoma. PB-DSN is compared with support vector machine-recursive feature elimination, multivariate empirical Bayes statistics, analyzing time-series data based on dynamic networks, molecular networks based on PCC, PinnacleZ, graph-based iterative group analysis, KeyPathwayMiner and BioNet. The better performance of PB-DSN not only demonstrates its effectiveness for the identification of discriminative features that facilitate disease classification, but also shows its potential for the identification of warning signals.
Toxic effects of cadmium on tall fescue and different responses of the photosynthetic activities in the photosystem electron donor and acceptor sides
Authors: Huang Meiyu , Zhu Huihui , Zhang Jing , Tang Diyong , Han Xiaole , Chen Liang , Du Dongyun , Yao Jun , Chen Ke , Sun Jie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) is a turf grass species which is widely used for rhizoremediation of organic contaminants and shows notable prospects in heavy metal phytoremediation. In this study, different concentrations of cadmium ion (Cd2+) were applied to study toxic effects of Cd2+ and responses of tall fescue by soilless culture. Tall fescue showed comparable high tolerance to Cd2+ as Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Additionally, the treatment with high concentration of Cd2+ leaded to decreased chlorophyll contents, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, as well as damage of cell membrane, necrosis and apoptosis in tall fescue roots, and toxicity of Cd2+ on physiologic properties of tall fescue has been well discussed. Moreover, in photosystem II electron donor side, electron transport from oxygen evolution complex (OEC) to Yz residue of D1 protein was inhibited under high Cd2+ treatments, which may be due to the Cd2+ induced ROS production and the replacement of Ca2+ in the core of OEC. In electron acceptor side, electron transport efficiency from quinone B to photosystem I acceptors increased under high Cd2+ treatments, which may be an important response for plants against Cd2+ toxicity and its mechanism needs our further study.
Recent loss of closed forests is associated with Ebola virus disease outbreaks
Authors: Olivero Jesús , Fa Julia E. , Real Raimundo , Márquez Ana L. , Farfán Miguel A. , Vargas J. Mario , Gaveau David , Salim Mohammad A. , Park Douglas , Suter Jamison , King Shona , Leendertz Siv Aina , Sheil Douglas , Nasi Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEbola virus disease (EVD) is a contagious, severe and often lethal form of hemorrhagic fever in humans. The association of EVD outbreaks with forest clearance has been suggested previously but many aspects remained uncharacterized. We used remote sensing techniques to investigate the association between deforestation in time and space, with EVD outbreaks in Central and West Africa. Favorability modeling, centered on 27 EVD outbreak sites and 280 comparable control sites, revealed that outbreaks located along the limits of the rainforest biome were significantly associated with forest losses within the previous 2 years. This association was strongest for closed forests (>83%), both intact and disturbed, of a range of tree heights (5–>19 m). Our results suggest that the increased probability of an EVD outbreak occurring in a site is linked to recent deforestation events, and that preventing the loss of forests could reduce the likelihood of future outbreaks.