bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing emergency department versus high school-based recruitment for a hypertension research study with adult–youth dyads
Authors: Heinert Sara W. , Salvatore Ryan , Thompson Kelsey M. , Krishna Divya , Pena Kayla , Ohman-Strickland Pamela , Greene Kathryn , Heckman Carolyn J. , Crabtree Benjamin F. , Levy Phillip , Hudson Shawna V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dyads can be challenging to recruit for research studies, but detailed reporting on strategies employed to recruit adult–adolescent dyads is rare. We describe experiences recruiting adult–youth dyads for a hypertension education intervention comparing recruitment in an emergency department (ED) setting with a school-based community setting. We found more success in recruiting dyads through a school-based model that started with adolescent youth (19 dyads in 7 weeks with < 1 hour recruitment) compared to an ED-based model that started with adults (2 dyads in 17 weeks with 350 hours of recruitment). These findings can benefit future adult–youth dyad recruitment for research studies.
Evaluation of a peer-led research best practices training for community health workers and promotoras
Authors: Murphy Susan L. , Harper Alexandra E. , Jay Gina M. , Trujillo Vanessa I. , Weeks-Norton Kristen , Samuels Elias , Troost Jonathan P. , Eakin Brenda , Piatt Gretchen , Striley Catherine , Perez Analay , McIntosh Shannen , Watkins Daphne C. , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Cottler Linda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Community health workers and promotoras (CHW/Ps) increasingly support research conducted in communities but receive variable or no training. We developed a culturally and linguistically tailored research best practices course for CHW/Ps that can be taken independently or in facilitated groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the facilitated training.

Methods:
CHW/Ps were recruited from communities and partners affiliated with study sites in Michigan, Florida, and California. They participated in virtual or in-person training facilitated by a peer in English or Spanish and then completed a survey about their abilities (i.e., knowledge and skills for participating in research-related work) and perceptions of the training. Linear regression analyses were used to examine differences in training experience across several factors.

Results:
A total of 394 CHW/Ps, mean age 41.6 ± 13.8 years, completed the training and survey (n = 275 English; 119 Spanish). Most CHW/Ps were female (80%), and 50% identified as Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish. Over 95% of CHW/Ps rated their abilities as improved after training; 98% agreed the course was relevant to their work and felt the training was useful. Small differences were observed between training sites.

Discussion:
Most CHW/Ps rated the training positively and noted improved knowledge and skills for engaging in research-related work. Despite slight site differences, the training was well received, and CHW/Ps appreciated having a facilitator with experience working in community-based settings. This course offers a standard and scalable approach to training the CHW/P workforce. Future studies can examine its uptake and effect on research quality.
Aerosol optical depth disaggregation: toward global aerosol vertical profiles
Authors: Bouabid Shahine , Watson-Parris Duncan , Stefanović Sofija , Nenes Athanasios , Sejdinovic Dino 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aerosol-cloud interactions constitute the largest source of uncertainty in assessments of anthropogenic climate change. This uncertainty arises in part from the difficulty in measuring the vertical distributions of aerosols, and only sporadic vertically resolved observations are available. We often have to settle for less informative vertically aggregated proxies such as aerosol optical depth (AOD). In this work, we develop a framework for the vertical disaggregation of AOD into extinction profiles, that is, the measure of light extinction throughout an atmospheric column, using readily available vertically resolved meteorological predictors such as temperature, pressure, or relative humidity. Using Bayesian nonparametric modeling, we devise a simple Gaussian process prior over aerosol vertical profiles and update it with AOD observations to infer a distribution over vertical extinction profiles. To validate our approach, we use ECHAM-HAM aerosol-climate model data which offers self-consistent simulations of meteorological covariates, AOD, and extinction profiles. Our results show that, while very simple, our model is able to reconstruct realistic extinction profiles with well-calibrated uncertainty, outperforming by an order of magnitude the idealized baseline which is typically used in satellite AOD retrieval algorithms. In particular, the model demonstrates a faithful reconstruction of extinction patterns arising from aerosol water uptake in the boundary layer. Observations however suggest that other extinction patterns, due to aerosol mass concentration, particle size, and radiative properties, might be more challenging to capture and require additional vertically resolved predictors.
Broadening participation in environmental data science: Insights from practitioners
Authors: Fong Caitlin R. , Galaz García Carmen , Abbasi Emman , Gubbins Nick , Jouzi Zeynab 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Environmental data science (EDS) is a nascent STEM sub-discipline where we have the opportunity to shape the culture, to work to create an environment that welcomes broad participation, and to build a culture of inclusivity. Like many STEM disciplines, some may be excluded from participating in EDS due to historical legacies, systemic barriers, and social prejudices that create unequal opportunities and access. To better understand barriers to participation, and to identify solutions and priorities, we conducted a survey of the participants of the first Environmental Data Science Summit. We identified three barriers to participation that matched with three solutions and priorities for the field. The most commonly identified barrier was an unsupportive work environment for minorities and a male-dominated culture; creating a supportive community and work environment, particularly for minorities, was identified as both a solution and a priority for broadening participation in EDS. The second most commonly identified barrier pertained to training and maintaining relevance— specifically, late or informal training experiences and time constraints limiting time to upskill. The solution and priority proposed included access to good mentors and teachers, open data and educational materials, and increased applicability of projects. Finally, the third most commonly identified barrier, solution, and priority relate to financial concerns and the funding landscape, with both the solution and priority identified as improving funding and salary conditions. The results of this study identify the key barrier to participation in EDS and highlight potential solutions to lower these barriers to build a more equitable future.
Retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet leads to divergent patterns of reconfiguration at its freshwater and tidewater margins
Authors: Ryan Jonathan , Ross Theo , Cooley Sarah , Fahrner Dominik , Abib Nicole , Benson Victoria , Sutherland David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Greenland's marine- and land-terminating glaciers are retreating inland due to climate warming, reconfiguring the way the ice sheet interacts with its proglacial environment. Here we use three decades of satellite imagery to determine whether the ice-sheet margin is becoming more or less exposed to marine and lacustrine processes. During our 1990–2019 study period, we find that the length of ice-sheet perimeter in contact with the ocean shrank by 12.3 ± 3.8% (196.2 ± 10.4 km), due to the retreat of marine-terminating glaciers into narrower fjords. On the other hand, we find that the length of the ice-sheet perimeter in contact with freshwater lakes exhibited more divergent trends that is better explored at regional scales. The length of ice–lake boundaries increased in southwest, north and northwest Greenland but declined in southeast and central east Greenland. The magnitude of change we document during our study period leads us to conclude that the ice sheet is poised for further, substantial reconfiguration in the coming decades with consequences for the flux of fresh water, nutrients and primary productivity in Greenland's terrestrial and oceanic environment.
Saturated fatty acids and total and CVD mortality in Norway: a prospective cohort study with up to 45 years of follow-up
Authors: Arnesen Erik Kristoffer , Laake Ida , Veierød Marit B. , Retterstøl Kjetil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe contribution of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality remains debated after decades of research. Few previous studies had repeated dietary assessments and power to assess mortality. Evidence for individual SFA is limited. In this large population-based cohort study, we investigated associations between intake of total and individual SFA and risk of total and CVD mortality. Adult residents (mean 41·1 years at baseline) in three Norwegian counties were invited to repeated health screenings between 1974 and 1988 (> 80 % attendance). We calculated cumulative average intakes of macronutrients from semi-quantitative FFQ. Median (interquartile range) intake of SFA was 14·6 % (12·8–16·6 %) of total energy (E%). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models to assess total, CVD, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality. Among 78 725 participants, 28 555 deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 33·5 years, with 9318 deaths due to CVD. Higher intake of SFA (replacing carbohydrates) was positively associated with all mortality endpoints, including total (HR per 5 E% increment, 1·18; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·23) and CVD mortality (1·16; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·25). Theoretical isoenergetic substitution of SFA with carbohydrates or MUFA was associated with lower risk. Of individual SFA, myristic (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0) were positively associated with mortality. In summary, dietary SFA intake was strongly associated with higher total and CVD mortality in this long-term cohort study. This supports policies implemented to reduce SFA consumption in favour of carbohydrates and unsaturated fats.
Iodine nutrition among pregnant women in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Johannesen Herborg Líggjasardóttir , Andersen Stig , Andersen Stine Linding , Hansen Solrunn , Petursdóttir Jóhanna , Weihe Pál , Strøm Marin , Petersen Maria Skaalum , Veyhe Anna Sofía 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnsuring adequate iodine nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for fetal brain development. Thus, the WHO recommend monitoring iodine nutrition in pregnant women. With changing dietary habits and declining iodine intake in coastal populations, iodine nutrition in pregnant Faroese women was a focus in newly established pregnancy cohorts. This study aimed to monitor the iodine status of pregnant women in the Faroe Islands by assessing urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and maternal iodine intake. For 2 years, all pregnant women were invited to participate in a nationwide study. Participants completed questionnaires addressing personal and lifestyle factors, supplement intake and dietary habits, Additionally, they provided spot urine samples for UIC measurements. Iodine was measured spectrophotometrically using the ceri/arsen method after alkaline-ashing. Among the 1030 invited, 654 participated and 647 provided a spot-urine sample. The average age was 30·4 years (18–47 years). The overall median UIC was 110 µg/l, declined from 117 to 101 µg/l over 2 years (P = 0·004). UIC was significantly impacted by diet. Women consuming fish and eggs had a higher median UIC compared with those whose primary iodine source was dairy: fish-dinner, 151 µg/l; dairy products, 112 µg/l (P < 0·001). Furthermore, there was a positive association between maternal age, reported intake of iodine-containing supplements and the UIC. This nationwide study of pregnant Faroese women found UIC below the WHO-recommended cut-off for pregnant women and decreasing with time. This decline highlights the importance of continuous monitoring to prompty identify shifts in iodine status, enabling timely intervention to address emerging deficiencies.
Variation in bovine milk stability according to lactational stage and genetic group
Authors: Schmitz Bruna , Costa Olmar Antônio Denardin , Fluck Ana Carolina , de Borba Leonardo Piffer , Rangel Adriano Henrique do Nascimento , Fischer Vivian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe address the hypothesis that at early and late lactation milk presents low ethanol stability due to high acidity and ionic calcium values. Our aim was to evaluate the functional traits of milk (milk ethanol stability: MES, acidity and ionic calcium: iCa) according to lactation stage in different genetic groups. Raw milk samples were collected from Jersey (n = 271), Holstein (n = 248) and Jersey × Holstein crossbred cows (n = 82), raised on five commercial farms located in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Milk composition, somatic cell count (SCC), milk urea nitrogen (MUN), MES, pH, acidity and iCa were determined. Days in milk (DIM) were categorized into four classes: 1–60, 61–150, 151–305 and over 305 DIM. Data were submitted to analysis of variance. Fixed and random effects were incorporated into the model, in a repeated measures in time arrangement using the mixed models methodology. Significant interactions between DIM class and genetic groups were detected. The comparison between each combination of genetic group and DIM class showed that at the beginning of lactation, Holsteins produced milk with higher MES than Jersey and crossbreds. At 105–305 DIM Holstein milk presented higher MES than Jersey, while beyond 305 DIM Holstein milk showed higher MES than crossbred cows. At the beginning of lactation acidity was higher in Holstein milk and crossbreds compared with Jersey, while acidity was lower in Holstein milk compared with Jersey and crossbreds in the other lactation stages. Ionic calcium was highest after lactation peak for Holstein, but did not vary between lactation stages for Jersey and crossbreds. Functional characteristics of bovine raw milk such as MES, iCa and acidity varied between lactation stages in a distinct manner according to genetic groups. Early and end lactation stages are challenging in terms of low stability, especially for Jersey and crossbreds.
Characterizing Veteran suicide decedents that were not classified as high-suicide-risk
Authors: Levis Maxwell , Dimambro Monica , Levy Joshua , Dufort Vincent , Fraade Abby , Winer Max , Shiner Brian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has made important suicide prevention advances, efforts primarily target high-risk patients with documented suicide risk, such as suicidal ideation, prior suicide attempts, and recent psychiatric hospitalization. Approximately 90% of VA patients that go on to die by suicide do not meet these high-risk criteria and therefore do not receive targeted suicide prevention services. In this study, we used national VA data to focus on patients that were not classified as high-risk, but died by suicide.MethodsOur sample included all VA patients who died by suicide in 2017 or 2018. We determined whether patients were classified as high-risk using the VA's machine learning risk prediction algorithm. After excluding these patients, we used principal component analysis to identify moderate-risk and low-risk patients and investigated demographics, service-usage, diagnoses, and social determinants of health differences across high-, moderate-, and low-risk subgroups.ResultsHigh-risk (n = 452) patients tended to be younger, White, unmarried, homeless, and have more mental health diagnoses compared to moderate- (n = 2149) and low-risk (n = 2209) patients. Moderate- and low-risk patients tended to be older, married, Black, and Native American or Pacific Islander, and have more physical health diagnoses compared to high-risk patients. Low-risk patients had more missing data than higher-risk patients.ConclusionsStudy expands epidemiological understanding about non-high-risk suicide decedents, historically understudied and underserved populations. Findings raise concerns about reliance on machine learning risk prediction models that may be biased by relative underrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities within health system.
Incipient fault diagnosis for robot manipulators based on evolution of friction characteristics in transmission components
Authors: Zhou Xing , Huang Shifeng , Xian Yaoqi , Zhou Huicheng , Deng Wenbin , Zhou Jian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe tribological behavior can be informative about the incipient faults of robot manipulators. This study explores the evolution of friction characteristics from cold start to thermal equilibrium through a series of steady-state friction experiments. Based on these experimental observations, a friction-based fault diagnosis framework is proposed. The fault diagnosis process primarily involves defining the healthy state, decomposing friction curves and their features, and anomaly detection. Given the dependence of friction characteristics on different sources of faults, the parameters of steady-state experimental friction model are divided into two categories: one associated with contact interactions and the other related to non-contact regimes. Subsequently, confidence regions corresponding to distinguishable friction characteristics are independently constructed. These regions encapsulate the statistical description of the healthy state, characterized by mean values and the covariance of the friction characteristic parameter vectors during the unloaded state. In addition, we conduct experiments that consider the influence of applied loads on friction behavior. These experiments serve as a test set for comparison against nominal statistics. Leveraging the similarity between the effects of wear and load on friction, we introduce equivalent load thresholds to assess the severity of joint degradation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of employing confidence region views based on friction characteristic classification for fault detection and isolation.
The Councils and their Significance
Authors: Hill Edmund 
Published: September 2024

The Council of Florence, about which I have recently been reading Fr
Gill's monumental work, is surely one of the more poignant, and I would say
gallant failures of history. I feel also that it has a special interest for
me as a Dominican, since the chief spokesman on the Latin Side in the
theological debates was the Dominican John Montenero; a Greek Dominican
bishop, Andrew Chrysoberges, played a prominent part in the negotiations
that preceded and followed the Council; and finally the patriarch Joseph II,
who died a few weeks before the union was proclaimed, was buried in the
Dominican church of S. Maria Novella.
But for two more substantial reasons it is also of particular
significance for subject this evening; it did achieve a union, however
precarious and short-lived, between the Latins and the Greeks, and a union
elicited from genuine hard discussion of the points at issue between the two
Churches; and secondly it really settled once and for all the issue that Was
dividing the Latin Church on whether or not a council has authority over the
pope.
The Culture War and Partisan Polarization: State Political Parties, 1960–2018
Authors: Gamm Gerald , Phillips Justin H. , Carr Matthew , Auslen Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPartisan polarization on “culture war” issues has become a defining feature of contemporary American politics. This was not always the case; for the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, social issues such as abortion and LGBTQ rights played no role in politics. Where and when did the partisan divide begin? Did the initiative come from state or national parties? Was there a critical moment, or was position change incremental? We have constructed an original database of nearly 2,000 state party platforms from 1960 to 2018. These platforms allow us to trace position-taking on these issues and generate estimates of platform ideology. By the time national parties took positions, we show, they lagged state-level position-taking. Contrary to long-held assumptions, we show that state party system polarization did not occur around any critical moment but rather was incremental.
What is the dietary intake and nutritional status of defence members: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bayes Jessica , Burch Emily , Lauche Romy , Wardle Jon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Optimal diet and nutrition is vital for military readiness, performance and recovery. Previous research on military diets has primarily focused on the nutritional composition of field/combat rations and dietary intake during deployment. There is accumulating research exploring the usual free-living dietary intake and nutritional status of defence members in garrison (i.e. military bases on which personnel are stationed). However, no comprehensive review has been conducted to assess the overall dietary quality of defence members internationally. Therefore, this review assessed the diets of military populations against national nutritional guidelines and Military Dietary Reference Intakes (MDRI). A systematic literature review of original research was conducted. CINAHL, Medline (EBSCO), Scopus (Elsevier), PubMed and AMED databases were searched up to the 20/02/2023. A total of thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall quality of included studies was high, with a low risk of bias. The diet quality scores indicate poor to fair diet quality among defence members. Defence members display low intakes of fruits, vegetables, wholegrains, seafood, plant protein and nuts and high intakes of added sugars, trans fat and processed meat. Results also indicated suboptimal intake of fibre, essential fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin E, folate, Mg, Zn and iodine. This may lead to reduced performance, increased risk of chronic diseases and mental health disorders. More research is needed to assess the long-term consequences of poor diet quality in defence members. These results require the attention of policymakers to ensure that military education and food environment is supportive of healthy eating.
Traumatic stress in parents of children with congenital heart disease: a scoping review
Authors: Jones Melissa B. , Cameron Vanessa K. , Lee Sura , McNelis Angela M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCongenital heart disease is the most common birth defect in the United States, with many of the affected infants requiring surgical and/or interventional procedures within their first year of life. The parental impacts of a child’s diagnosis, subsequent hospitalization, and transition to home after discharge are numerous and burdensome, and many experience symptoms of traumatic stress along this trajectory. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize current available literature related to the traumatic stress experienced by parents of children with heart disease to better understand the prevalence, related factors, and consequences. The Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Framework was implemented to identify 31 relevant peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and early 2024, including 25 quantitative studies, 3 qualitative studies, and 3 systematic reviews or meta-analyses. This scoping review provides an overview of parent traumatic stress for clinicians caring for children with heart disease at every stage of their clinical course.