bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer of marine mercury to mountain lakes
Authors: Hansson Sophia V. , Sonke Jeroen , Galop Didier , Bareille Gilles , Jean Séverine , Le Roux Gaël 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStocking is a worldwide activity on geographical and historical scales. The rate of non-native fish introductions have more than doubled over the last decades yet the effect on natural ecosystems, in the scope of biologically mediated transport and biomagnification of Hg and Hg-isotopes, is unknown. Using geochemistry (THg) and stable isotopes (N, Sr and Hg), we evaluate natal origin and trophic position of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario), as well as mercury biomagnification trends and potential pollution sources to three high-altitude lakes. Farmed trout show Hg-isotope signatures similar to marine biota whereas wild trout shows Hg-isotope signatures typical of fresh water lakes. Stocked trout initially show Hg-isotope signatures similar to marine biota. As the stocked trout age and shifts diet to a higher trophic level, THg concentrations increase and the marine Hg isotope signatures, induced via farm fish feed, shift to locally produced MeHg with lower δ202Hg and higher Δ199Hg. We conclude that stocking acts a humanly induced biovector that transfers marine Hg to freshwater ecosystems, which is seen in the Hg-isotopic signature up to five years after stocking events occurred. This points to the need of further investigations of the role of stocking in MeHg exposure to freshwater ecosystems.
Low windage resistance frequency‐selective rasorber based on windmill‐shape coupling line arrays
Authors: Hu Yuehong , Liu Shaobin , Kong Xiangkun , Mao Chenyang 
Published: September 2017

In this Letter, the authors report on the analysis, design, fabrication and measurement of a low windage resistance frequency selective rasorber (FSR) based on windmill‐shape coupling slot line arrays. A lossy structure is added to the traditional frequency selective surface structure to make up a FSR with the characteristics of small insertion loss within the passband and weak reflection at frequencies below and above the passband meanwhile. In addition, the hollow structure can reduce windage resistance effectively. The measurements show that an insertion loss of 1.01 dB can be obtained at 7.71 GHz, while both lower and upper passband edges have at least 10 dB reflection reduction under the normal incidence. Both simulation and experiment results exhibit that the proposed FSR is insensitive to both transverse‐electric (TE) and transverse‐magnetic (TM) polarisation. The proposed FSR can be applied in the field of radome, cloaking and other microwave applications.
Simulating the exoplanet yield of a space-based mid-infrared interferometer based on Kepler statistics
Authors: Kammerer Jens , Quanz Sascha P. 
Published: September 2017

Aims. We predict the exoplanet yield of a space-based mid-infrared nulling interferometer using Monte Carlo simulations. We quantify the number and properties of detectable exoplanets and identify those target stars that have the highest or most complete detection rate. We investigate how changes in the underlying technical assumptions and uncertainties in the underlying planet population impact the scientific return.
Methods. We simulated 2000 exoplanetary systems, based on planet occurrence statistics from Kepler with randomly orientated orbits and uniformly distributed albedos around each of 326 nearby (d< 20 pc) stars. Assuming thermal equilibrium and blackbody emission, together with the limiting spatial resolution and sensitivity of our simulated instrument in the three specific bands 5.6, 10.0, and 15.0 μm, we quantified the number of detectable exoplanets as a function of their radii and equilibrium temperatures.
Results. Approximately [see formula in PDF] exoplanets, with radii 0.5 REarth ≤ Rp ≤ 6 REarth, were detected in at least one band and half were detected in all three bands during ~0.52 years of mission time assuming throughputs 3.5 times worse than those for the James Webb Space Telescope and ~40% overheads. Accounting for stellar leakage and (unknown) exozodiacal light, the discovery phase of the mission very likely requires 2−3 years in total. The uncertainties in planet yield are dominated by uncertainties in the underlying planet population, but the distribution of the Bond albedos also has a significant impact. Roughly 50% of the detected planets orbit M stars, which also have the highest planet yield per star; the other 50% orbit FGK stars, which show a higher completeness in the detectability. Roughly 85 planets could be habitable (0.5 REarth ≤ Rp ≤ 1.75 REarth and 200 K ≤ Teq ≤ 450 K) and are prime targets for spectroscopic observations in a second mission phase. Comparing these results to those of a large optical/near-infrared telescope, we find that a mid-infrared interferometer would detect more planets and the number of planets depends less strongly on the wavelength.
Conclusions. An optimized space-based nulling interferometer operating in the mid-infrared would deliver an unprecedented dataset for the characterization of (small) nearby exoplanets including dozens of potentially habitable worlds.
Left Atrial Thrombus Present: Is That about It?
Authors: Narula Jitin , Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Sanjay , Jaiswal Saurabh , Bhuyan Ritwick 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo-dimensional echocardiography is extremely useful in detecting localized as well as floating intracardiac bodies. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is highly sensitive in localizing intracardiac masses especially those present in the posterior structures of the heart, such as the left atrium (LA) and the left atrial appendage (LAA), which are extremely difficult to image using the transthoracic echocardiography. Dislodgement of intracardiac masses (thrombus, tumor) can be associated with high risk of life-threatening hemodynamic perturbations or embolic phenomenon. Cardiac manipulations should thus be minimized in patients with intracardiac masses. We discuss the case of LAA thrombus dislodgement during inferior vena cava cannulation. Intraoperative TEE demonstrated a fixed thrombus in the LAA, and despite careful attention by the surgeon, trivial cardiac manipulation during inferior vena cava cannulation leads to the dislodgment of the LAA thrombus and its free floatation in the LA. This case report highlights the crucial role of a vigilant TEE examination in patients with intracardiac thrombi. Identification of echocardiographic risk factors for prediction of dislodgement of LAA is of utmost importance to avoid inadvertent complications.
Left Ventricular Contained Rupture: True or Pseudoaneurysm?
Authors: Raut Monish , Maheshwari Arun , Dubey Sumir , Shivnani Ganesh , Mohanty Arun , Makhija Aman 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction leading to left ventricular wall rupture is a very lethal complication with the risk of sudden cardiac death. Such contained rupture presents as aneurysmal dilatation of ventricular wall on echocardiography. A false aneurysm is bound by the pericardium without any myocardial tissue and true aneurysm is a bulging of scarred myocardium. Pseudoaneurysm with contained rupture sealed by pericardium needs early surgical intervention. Here, the authors present similar case mimicking as pseudoaneurysm on echocardiography, but it was found out to be true aneurysm as surgical finding.
Fast-Track Extubation in Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery in Developing Countries
Authors: Iezzi Federica , di Summa Michele , Del Sarto Paolo , Munene James 
Published: September 2017

Objective In recent years, low-dose, short-acting anesthetic agents, which replaced the former high-dose opioid regimens, offer a faster postoperative recovery and decrease the need for mechanical ventilatory support. In this study, the aim was to determine the success rate of fast-track approach in surgical procedures for congenital heart disease.
Methods There is some evidence, mostly from retrospective analyses, that fast tracking can be beneficial. Ninety-one cases with moderate complex cardiac malformations were operated with fast-track protocol during cardiothoracic charitable missions. The essential aspects of early extubation in our cohort included selected patients with good preoperative status, good surgical result with hemodynamic stability in low dose of inotropic drugs at the end of bypass, and no active bleeding. In this setting, a careful choice and dosing of anesthetic agents, alongside a good postoperative analgesia are mandatory.
Results The authors found that an early extubation (< 4 hours) can be both effective and safe as it reduces intubation and ventilator times without increasing postoperative complications in pediatric congenital heart disease.
Conclusion This study supports a wider use of fast-track extubation protocols in pediatric patients submitted for congenital cardiac surgery in developing countries.
Bursting the Bubble: A Case of Secondary Infertility
Authors: Wadhwani Parul , Sharma Soma , Wadhwani Gyanda 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInfertility has been a major medical and social preoccupation since the dawn of human existence and women have always been the symbol of fertility. A 34-year-old woman presented with inability to conceive for the past 2.5 years. A single dose of indicated homeopathic remedy helped her conceive during the following month. In contrast with the fertility specialists, homeopathic treatment addresses the entire underlying bio–psycho–social dimension under a single roof. Publication of a collective pooled data may help us establish this beyond doubt, for the benefit of incomplete families!
Concomitant Occurrence of Vestibular Schwannoma and Epidermoid Cyst in Neurofibromatosis: Case description and Review of the Literature
Authors: Roman Alex , Najera Edson , Spiriev Toma , Ramina Kristoph , Rigante Luigi , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report a case of a 16-year-old female patient harboring neurofibromatosis type 2 who presented with bilateral hearing impairment, which was on the left side, as well as facial paresis (House-Brackmann grade III) and ataxic gait. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam evidenced bilateral lesions in the cerebellopontine angles (CPAs) with extension into the internal acoustic meatus, and an additional lesion in the right CPA with radiological characteristics of an epidermoid cyst. The patient was submitted to microsurgical resection, confirming a collision of a vestibular schwannoma and an epidermoid cyst in the right CPA. In the present case report, we describe the first case reported in the literature with preoperative diagnostic work-up, intraoperative findings, postoperative course of the patient, as well as a detailed literature review of these specific coinciding pathologies, denoting the importance of further genomic studies regarding multiple central nervous system (CNS) lesions.
Selective Reduction of Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid after Experimental Brain Injury and Mitigation of Neuroinflammatory Outcomes with Dietary DHA
Authors: Butt Christopher , Harrison Jordan , Rowe Rachel , Jones Jacob , Wynalda Kelly , Salem Norman , Lifshitz Jonathan , Pauly James 
Published: September 2017

Background Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is important for brain development and function, but the interactions of dietary DHA with fatty acid profiles, sensory sensitivities, and inflammation that may change after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are poorly understood. It is also unknown whether DHA alters experimental TBI outcomes measured more than 2 weeks after injury. The current study investigated whether dietary DHA, provided before (PreDHA) or after (PostDHA) experimental TBI, would improve outcomes for up to 24 days after injury.
Methods Rats consumed predetermined diets for 28 days prior to midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI) or to sham surgery. The effects of PreDHA, TBI, and PostDHA on comprehensive fatty acid profiles, neuroinflammation, sensory sensitivity, and spatial learning were then evaluated.
Results The results provided novel evidence that TBI selectively reduced brain DHA content, as injury did not decrease any other fatty acid that was measured. Furthermore, PreDHA and PostDHA attenuated injury-induced increases in sensory sensitivity as well as in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10, and interleukin-1β in the somatosensory cortex. However, [3H]PK11195 autoradiography showed that PostDHA was more effective than PreDHA in reducing microglial/macrophage activation in the somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra. Spatial learning outcomes were largely unaffected by diet or injury, but PostDHA was associated with shorter swimming distances in the Morris water maze (MWM) at 15 days post-injury.
Conclusion Overall, sufficient DHA intake may be necessary to replace DHA that is lost to TBI and may improve some symptoms of post-concussive syndrome (PCS) over an extended period through inflammation-related mechanisms.
SLC19A3 Gene Defects Sorting the Phenotype and Acronyms: Review
Authors: Tabarki Brahim , Alfadhel Majid 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome type 2 is also known by other terms including: “SCL19A3 gene defect,” “biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease” (BBGD), and “biotin-thiamine–responsive basal ganglia disease” (BTBGD). The worldwide incidence and prevalence of this disorder are unknown, but the syndrome has primarily been reported in Saudi Arabia (52% of reported cases). It is caused by a defect in thiamine transporter 2 (hTHTR2), which is encoded by the SLC19A3 gene. The clinical presentations of these syndromes are heterogeneous and are likely related to the age of onset. They can be classified into three major categories: classical childhood BBGD; early-infantile Leigh-like syndrome/atypical infantile spasms; and adult Wernicke's-like encephalopathy. These variable phenotypes have common features in that all are triggered by stressors, such as fever, trauma, or vaccinations. Affected brain areas include the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, thalamus, and periaqueductal regions. Free thiamine is a potential biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment. Definitive diagnosis is usually made by molecular testing for the SLC19A3 gene defect, and treatment consists of thiamine alone or in combination with biotin for life. In this report, we review all reported cases of the SLC19A3 gene defect, discuss the history, epidemiology, metabolic pathways, clinical phenotypes, biochemical abnormalities, brain pathology, diagnosis, genetic issues, and treatment of this devastating disorder. Finally, we recommend instituting an international registry to further the basic scientific and clinical research to elucidate multiple unanswered questions about SLC19A3 gene syndromes.
Breast MRI at very short TE (minTE): image analysis of minTE sequences on non-fat-saturated, subtracted T1-weighted images
Authors: Wenkel Evelyn , Janka Rolf , Geppert Christian , Kaemmerer Nadine , Hartmann Arndt , Uder Michael , Hammon Matthias , Brand Michael 
Published: September 2017

Purpose The aim was to evaluate a minimum echo time (minTE) protocol for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with breast lesions compared to a standard TE (nTE) time protocol.
Methods Breasts of 144 women were examined with a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. Additionally to the standard gradient-echo sequence with nTE (4.8 ms), a variant with minimum TE (1.2 ms) was used in an interleaved fashion which leads to a better temporal resolution and should reduce the scan time by approximately 50 %. Lesion sizes were measured and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. Subjective confidence was evaluated using a 3-point scale before looking at the nTE sequences (1 = very sure that I can identify a lesion and classify it, 2 = quite sure that I can identify a lesion and classify it, 3 = definitely want to see nTE for final assessment) and the subjective image quality of all examinations was evaluated using a four-grade scale (1 = sharp, 2 = slight blur, 3 = moderate blur and 4 = severe blur/not evaluable) for lesion and skin sharpness. Lesion morphology and contrast enhancement were also evaluated.
Results With minTE sequences, no lesion was rated with “definitely want to see nTE sequences for final assessment”. The difference of the longitudinal and transverse diameter did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). With minTE, lesions and skin were rated to be significantly more blurry (p < 0.01 for lesions and p < 0.05 for skin). There was no difference between both sequences with respect to SNR, CNR, lesion morphology, contrast enhancement and detection of multifocal disease.
Conclusion Dynamic breast MRI with a minTE protocol is feasible without a major loss of information (SNR, CNR, lesion morphology, contrast enhancement and lesion sizes) and the temporal resolution can be increased by a factor of 2 using minTE sequences.
Key points
Die Homöopathie und die Geschichte der Skeptikerbewegung in den USA
Authors: Behnke Jens 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie weltweite Homöopathiekritik geht maßgeblich von der sogenannten „Skeptikerbewegung“ aus. Diese Weltanschauungsgemeinschaft stützt sich auf ein dogmatisches Wissenschaftsverständnis, um im Rahmen von Medienkampagnen die Homöopathie systematisch zu diskreditieren. Der vorliegende Artikel rekonstruiert die Ursprünge der „Skeptiker“ in den USA. Es werden Verbindungen zu medizinischen Gesellschaften, industriellen Geldgebern und politischen Institutionen analysiert. Die Methoden der Gruppierung erfahren eine kritische Würdigung anhand konkreter historischer Beispiele.
Diagnostic and therapeutic treatment modalities for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review
Authors: Oakland Kathryn , Isherwood Jennifer , Lahiff Conor , Goldsmith Petra , Desborough Michael , Colman Katherine , Guy Richard , Uberoi Raman , Murphy Michael , East James , Hopewell Sally , Jairath Vipul 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Investigations for lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) include flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, computed tomographic angiography (CTA), and angiography. All may be used to direct endoscopic, radiological or surgical treatment, although their optimal use is unknown. The aims of this study were to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic yields of endoscopy, CTA, and angiography for managing LGIB, and their influence on rebleeding, transfusion, and hospital stay.
Patients and methods A systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL was undertaken to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies of intervention (NRSIs) published between 2000 and 12 November 2015 in patients hospitalized with LGIB. Separate meta-analyses were conducted, presented as pooled odds (ORs) or risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).
Results Two RCTs and 13 NRSIs were included, none of which examined flexible sigmoidoscopy, or compared endotherapy with embolization, or investigated the timing of CTA or angiography. Two NRSIs (57 – 223 participants) comparing colonoscopy and CTA were of insufficient quality for synthesis but showed no difference in diagnostic yields between the two interventions. One RCT and 4 NRSIs (779 participants) compared early colonoscopy (< 24 hours) with colonoscopy performed later; meta-analysis of the NRSIs demonstrated higher diagnostic and therapeutic yields with early colonoscopy (OR 1.86, 95 %CI 1.12 to 2.86, P = 0.004 and OR 3.08, 95 %CI 1.93 to 4.90, P < 0.001, respectively) and reduced length of stay (mean difference 2.64 days, 95 %CI 1.54 to 3.73), but no difference in transfusion or rebleeding.
Conclusions In LGIB there is a paucity of high-quality evidence, although the limited studies on the timing of colonoscopy suggest increased rates of diagnosis and therapy with early colonoscopy.
Anti-inflammatory effect of Euphorbia supina extract in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice
Authors: Cha Ji-Yun , Jeon Yong-Deok , Xin Mingjie , Kim Do-Kuk , Lee Hoon-Yeon , Kim Bo-Ram , Hwang Sung-Woo , Kim Dae-Ki , Jin Jong-Sik , Lee Young-Mi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of Euphorbia supina (ES) ethanol extract in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis model. ES was per orally administered at different doses of 4 or 20 mg/kg body weight with 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Twenty mg/kg of ES administration regulated body weight decrease, recovered colon length shortening, and increased disease activity index score and myeloperoxidase level in DSS-induced colitis. Histological features showed that 20 mg/kg of ES administration suppressed edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of crypts induced by DSS. Furthermore, ES suppressed the expressions of COX-2, iNOS, NF-kB, IkBα, pIkBα in colon tissue. These findings demonstrated a possible effect of amelioration of ulcerative colitis and could be clinically applied.
Video HIT in adults with cochlear implants
Authors: Balzanelli Cristiano , Zorzi Silvia , Nassif Nader M. , Sorrentino Tommaso , Redaelli de Zinis Luca O. 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the high-frequency function of bilateral lateral, posterior and anterior semicircular canals by video head impulse testing (vHIT) in adult patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss subjected to cochlear implant.

Methods:
A group of 19 adult bearers of monolateral cochlear implants for more than one year was assessed by vHIT on both sides with CI-ON modality and CI-OFF modality. The average of the VOR gains in each of the six semicircular canals was assessed. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare VOR of implanted and non-implanted side semicircular canals (independent samples) and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare VOR with CI-ON modality and CI-OFF modality (related samples).

Results:
From a clinical point of view, no vestibular symptoms were observed although the median of VOR gain to vHIT was lower than normal values in most cases. Comparing the VOR in semicircular canals in the implanted side with that in the non-implanted side and each canal in the OFF modality compared to the ON modality, we observed no significant difference in VOR gain values, except in the lateral semicircular canal of the opposite side, in which the median of VOR gain was 0.80 (0.68–0.95) in OFF modality and 0.84 in ON modality (0.76–1.06) (p = .04).

Conclusion:
Even though cochlear implant has no negative impact on clinical vestibular function VOR gain in vHIT recordings is frequently reduced.
DiversePathsJ: diverse shortest paths for bioimage analysis
Authors: Uhlmann Virginie , Haubold Carsten , Hamprecht Fred A , Unser Michael 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Motivation
We introduce a formulation for the general task of finding diverse shortest paths between two end-points. Our approach is not linked to a specific biological problem and can be applied to a large variety of images thanks to its generic implementation as a user-friendly ImageJ/Fiji plugin. It relies on the introduction of additional layers in a Viterbi path graph, which requires slight modifications to the standard Viterbi algorithm rules. This layered graph construction allows for the specification of various constraints imposing diversity between solutions.

Results
The software allows obtaining a collection of diverse shortest paths under some user-defined constraints through a convenient and user-friendly interface. It can be used alone or be integrated into larger image analysis pipelines.

Availability and implementation
http://bigwww.epfl.ch/algorithms/diversepathsj

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.