bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outstanding increase in tumor-to-background ratio over time allows tumor localization by [89Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 PET/CT in early biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
Authors: Burgard Caroline , Rosar Florian , Larsen Elena , Khreish Fadi , Linxweiler Johannes , Marlowe Robert J. , Schaefer-Schuler Andrea , Maus Stephan , Petto Sven , Bartholomä Mark , Ezziddin Samer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiotracers labeled with zirconium-89 (89Zr; half-life ~ 78.41 h) showed promise in localizing biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (BCR) in pilot studies.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 38 consecutive men with BCR (median [minimum–maximum] prostate-specific antigen 0.52 (0.12–2.50 ng/mL) undergoing [89Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 PET/CT post-negative [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. PET/CT acquisition 1-h, 24-h, and 48-h post-injection of a median (minimum–maximum) [89Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 tracer activity of 123 (84–166) MBq.

Results
[89Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 PET/CT detected altogether 57 lesions: 18 local recurrences, 33 lymph node metastases, 6 bone metastases in 30/38 men with BCR (78%) and prior negative conventional PSMA PET/CT. Lesion uptake significantly increased from 1-h to 24-h and, in a majority of cases, from 24-h to 48-h. Tumor-to-background ratios significantly increased over time, with absolute increases of 100 or more. No side effects were noted. After [89Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 PET/CT-based treatment, prostate-specific antigen concentration decreased in all patients, becoming undetectable in a third of patients. Limitations: retrospective, single center design; infrequent histopathological and imaging verification.

Conclusion
This large series provides further evidence that [89Zr]Zr-PSMA-617 PET/CT is a beneficial imaging modality to localize early BCR. A remarkable increase in tumor-to-background ratio over time allows localization of tumor unidentified on conventional PSMA PET/CT.
Dexamethasone versus 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in preventing nausea during awake craniotomy: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Sato Takehito 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Nausea and vomiting during awake craniotomy (AC) can increase cerebral pressure and cause asphyxia and aspiration. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as granisetron, are often administered before awakening to prevent nausea during AC. Recently, dexamethasone was reported to prevent nausea and vomiting during AC; however, the efficacy of both drugs in preventing nausea has not yet been investigated.

Methods
We examined the frequency of nausea and vomiting in AC patients (n = 170) treated at our hospital until the end of September 2019. We divided patients as those who received dexamethasone (n = 71) and or granisetron (n = 99) before awakening and examined the frequency of nausea and vomiting after propensity score (PS) matching.

Result
Eighty-two patients were selected after PS matching. The incidence of nausea was significantly lower in the dexamethasone group than in the granisetron group (9.8% vs 41.5%, p = 0.002). In the logistic regression analysis after matching, the incidence of nausea significantly reduced with dexamethasone treatment (odds ratio: 0.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.029–0.499, p = 0.03).

Conclusion
In conclusion, dexamethasone was more effective than granisetron in preventing nausea during AC.
Prognostic significance of carotid artery stenosis in anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Akl Ahmed Zaki , Shehata Mohamed S. A. , Saber Abanoub Ramzy , Afify Hossam El-Din Mahmoud , Zaki-Eldein Hany Mahmoud 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a notable risk element for ischemic stroke, accounting for 10 to 20% of such cases. There is a deficiency in research studies exploring the prognostic impact of CAS specifically in the anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the prognostic impact of CAS in individuals with anterior circulation AIS. Patients were categorized into two groups, patients with both anterior circulation AIS and CAS in comparison to patients with anterior circulation AIS without CAS (control group). We compared patient characteristics, neuroimaging, and outcome evaluations using a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the National Institute Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) in both groups. P-value < 0.05 meaning statistical significance.

Results
Fifty patients were involved in the current study; of them, 25 patients with both anterior circulation AIS and CAS and 25 patients with anterior circulation AIS without CAS. Both groups were comparable concerning age, gender, co-morbidities of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia with p-value > 0.05. The mean NIHSS was significantly elevated the CAS group compared to the control group (p = 0.037). Our results showed that patients with CAS ≥ 70% were associated with an mRS > 2 and a significantly higher NIHSS compared to control. The regression analysis showed that occlusion > 1/3, CAS ≥ 70%, and higher NIHSS score were considered independent predictors of mRS > 2. The mortality rate was significantly elevated in the CAS group versus the control group (p < 0.05). Both bilateral and unilateral CAS groups were comparable regarding NIHSS and mRS values.

Conclusion
Patients with anterior circulation AIS who had CAS of 70% or more, whether unilateral or bilateral, showed a higher likelihood of increased mortality and more severe strokes, as evidenced by elevated NIHSS and mRS scores.
Food hydroxycinnamic acids alleviate ageing in dermal cells
Authors: Kanlayavattanakul Mayuree , Khongkow Mattaka , Iempridee Tawin , Lourith Nattaya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDermal damage is inducible by several factors including UV exposure, oxidative stress and inflammation exacerbating skin senescence and degradation of the skin elastic fibers accumulated in ageing accordingly. Which, phenolics of food hydroxycinnamates with a myriad of health benefits are potentially applicable for ageing treatment. Particularly those of food hydroxycinnamic acids, i.e., caffeic, sinapic and rosmarinic acids, that would be efficient against skin ageing. Effectiveness of caffeic, sinapic and rosmarinic acids alleviating ageing was indicated in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and co-culture of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and HDF. Caffeic acid was exhibited as the strongest (p < 0.01) anti-senescent phenolic examined. The studied food hydroxycinnamic acids were shown to induce collagen synthesis in aged HDF with the noted activities inhibiting MMP-1 and IL-6. Their photoaging protections were proved in the co-culture model with significant (p < 0.001) inhibitions against IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1 and MMP-9 (collagen and elastin degrading enzymes). Which, caffeic acid was demonstrated as the most potent photoaging agent among its counterparts. Caffeic, sinapic and rosmarinic acids were proved to be the efficient nutrients for ageing treatment. These functional food hydroxycinnamates are proven on their anti-senescent and photoprotection activities, and capable to maintain homeostasis of dermal cells. Food-derived hydroxycinnamic acids are therefore recommended for innovative product alleviates skin ageing.

Graphical Abstract
GNSS/IMU/LO integration with a new LO error model and lateral constraint for navigation in urban areas
Authors: Chen Hanzhi , Sun Rui , Cheng Qi , Yin Tong , Zhou Yi , Ochieng Washington Yotto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe quest for reliable vehicle navigation in urban environments has led the integration of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Odometry (LO) with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU). However, the performance of the integrated system is limited by a lack of accurate LO error modeling. In this paper, we propose a weighted GNSS/IMU/LO integration-based navigation system with a novel LO error model. The Squared Exponential Gaussian Progress Regression (SE-GPR) based LO error model is developed by considering the vehicle velocity and number of point cloud features. Based on error prediction for GNSS positioning and LO, a weighting strategy is designed for integration in an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Furthermore, error accumulation of the navigation state, especially in GNSS-challenging scenarios, is restrained by the LiDAR-Aided Lateral Constraint (LALC) and Non-Holonomic Constraint (NHC). An experiment was conducted in a deep urban area to test the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm delivers horizontal and three-dimensional (3D) positioning Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) of 3.669 m and 5.216 m, respectively. The corresponding accuracy improvements are 35.9% and 50.0% compared to the basic EKF based GNSS/IMU/LO integration.
Identification of an immune-related genes signature in lung adenocarcinoma to predict survival and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Davoodi-Moghaddam Zeinab , Jafari-Raddani Farideh , Kordasti Shahram , Bashash Davood 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Although advances in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) research have provided a new treatment approach for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, their survival is still unsatisfactory, and there are issues in the era of response prediction to immunotherapy.

Methods
Using bioinformatics methods, a prognostic signature was constructed, and its predictive ability was validated both in the internal and external datasets (GSE68465). We also explored the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, mutation profiles, and immunophenoscore (IPS) in the low-and high-risk groups.

Results
As far as we are aware, this is the first study which introduces a novel prognostic signature model using BIRC5, CBLC, S100P, SHC3, ANOS1, VIPR1, LGR4, PGC, and IGKV4.1. According to multivariate analysis, the 9-immune-related genes (IRGs) signature provided an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival (OS). The low-risk group had better OS, and the tumor mutation burden (TMB) was significantly lower in this group. Moreover, the risk scores were negatively associated with the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, like CD8+ T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells. In addition, the IPS were significantly higher in the low-risk group as they had higher gene expression of immune checkpoints, suggesting that ICIs could be a promising treatment option for low-risk LUAD patients.

Conclusion
The combination of these 9-IRGs not only could efficiently predict overall survival of LUAD patients but also show a powerful association with the expression of immune checkpoints and response to ICIs based on IPS; hoping this model paves the way for better stratification and management of patients in clinical practice.
Evaluation of the effect of pentoxifylline on the prevention of paclitaxel‑induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Saleh Sondos S. , Sherif Diaa Eldin Moussa , Sabri Nagwa A. , Shawki May A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is one of the most common and debilitating toxicity. Up till now, no treatment or preventive medication is recommended by guidelines. Pentoxifylline has been found to prevent PIPN in animal models. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of pentoxifylline in preventing PIPN. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical trial to evaluate the potential effect of pentoxifylline on the prevention of PIPN in breast cancer (BC) patients.

Results
A simple-randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted on 60 BC patients receiving weekly paclitaxel and either pentoxifylline 400 mg twice daily (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Only 55 patients completed the study. The main objective was the evaluation of the effect of pentoxifylline on the incidence of PIPN which revealed no significant difference between the pentoxifylline group (85%) and the placebo group (100%). Secondary objectives included time to develop grade 2 or 3 (TTG 2/3) PIPN, the patient’s quality of life (QOL), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde and the tolerability of pentoxifylline. The median TTG 2/3 PIPN was not reached in the pentoxifylline group compared to 77 days (95% confidence interval of 70.91 to 83.07) in the placebo group. However, the difference did not reach significance. The assessment of the impact of PIPN on QOL was performed at baseline and at weeks 4, 8 and 12 using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-NTX) subscale. The magnitude of the worsening in the QOL was significantly lower in the pentoxifylline group than in the placebo group at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (p values = 0.028, 0.003, and 0.018, respectively). Analysis of the serum TNF-α and malondialdehyde revealed no significant differences between the groups. Pentoxifylline was safe, tolerable and did not affect paclitaxel toxicity.

Conclusion
Oral pentoxifylline (400 mg twice daily) did not decrease the incidence of PIPN. However, it improved patients’ QOL significantly.
Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov, NCT05189535. Registered 4 October 2021, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05189535.
Breeding for water-logging tolerance in pigeonpea: current status and future prospects
Authors: Belliappa Shruthi H , Bomma Naresh , Pranati Jwala , Soregaon Chandrakant D. , Hingane Anupama J. , Basavaraj P. S. , Naik S. J. Satheesh , Lohithaswa H. C. , Muniswamy S. , Mushoriwa Hapson , Kumar C. V. Sameer , Gangashetty Prakash I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pigeonpea is grown in semi-arid tropics where the annual precipitation ranges from 200 to 800 mm and soil orders comprising of Inceptisols, Entisols, Alfisols, Vertisols, Mixed soils, and Aridisols. During monsoons, the semi-arid tropics also receive up to 140–180 mm/day rainfall for a span of 5–10 days, highlighting the chances of waterlogging in an early vegetative stage of pigeonpea, causing 25–30% yield loss in the Indian subcontinent. Waterlogging is a state where soil reaches saturation at submergence, creating an anaerobic condition in the root zone of the plants. As a result, plant withering, leaf chlorosis, stunted growth, lowered photosynthetic rate and plant mortality is evidenced widely. In response to waterlogging, the formation of aerenchyma cells, lenticels and adventitious roots were noticed as morphological adaptations. Whereas, the production of proline, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ethylene and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as biochemical modifications. The minimal breeding efforts for waterlogging tolerance in pigeonpea may be the reason for the susceptibility of current varieties to waterlogging stress. This review emphasized the importance of breeding for waterlogging tolerance in pigeonpea. It focused on the morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptations of a plant when subjected to waterlogging stress. It accentuated the need for a standard screening protocol for waterlogging tolerance. Breeding strategies inclusive of novel single pod descent method, marker-assisted selection and rapid generation advancement techniques are discussed in detail.
Guide to Understanding and Supporting International Medical Graduates in Hematology/Oncology by the ASCO International Medical Graduates Community of Practice
Authors: Dizman Nazli , Bakouny Ziad , Haykal Tarek , Riano Ivy , Desai Aakash , Butt Ayesha , Basu Arnab , Zhao Dan , Saad Eddy , Saliby Renee Maria , Gosain Rohit , Gosain Rahul , Ardeshir Fatemeh , Deng Lei , Matt-Amaral Laurie , Arnaoutakis Konstantinos , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Manochakian Rami , Marshall Ariela , Forde Patrick , Murphy Martina , Subbiah Vivek , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Lopes Gilberto , Aggarwal Charu , Lee Alfred I. , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
International medical graduates (IMGs) are an essential component of the oncology workforce in the United States, comprising a third of all practicing oncologists and almost half of hematology/oncology fellows. In this article, we discuss the contributions of IMGs in the US oncology workforce, review unique challenges faced by IMGs, and propose potential solutions to overcome these challenges.

METHODS
ASCO's IMG Community of Practice was established with the mission to connect, mentor, guide, raise awareness, and overcome the challenges unique to IMGs interested in pursuing medical oncology in the United States. The content of this article is based on discussions at the IMG Community of Practice meetings at ASCO's 2023 and 2024 Annual Meetings.

RESULTS
IMGs bring an inherent diversity of thought and experience to the oncology workforce. They provide high-quality, culture- and language-concordant care to a diverse population of patients with cancer. However, IMGs in oncology face significant hardships throughout their careers, including visa-related restrictions, psychosocial and cultural struggles, as well as differential treatment while applying for residency and fellowship training, and early career positions. Greater awareness of these challenges among the members of the hematology/oncology community, along with institutional and individual efforts to support IMGs, is warranted.

CONCLUSION
We encourage oncology professionals and institutions to join our efforts in recognizing the unique paths of IMGs and providing support and advocacy to maximize the potential of IMGs in the US oncology workforce.
Effects of carbon nanotubes on the isotropic to nematic phase transition in nematic liquid crystal elastomer
Authors: Mukherjee Prabir K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The isotropic to nematic phase transition on nematic liquid crystal elastomer - carbon nanotubes composites has been studied theoretically. The model free energy density has been constructed using Flory Huggins theory of isotropic mixing and Landau-de Gennes theory. The effects of carbon nanotubes and external mechanical stress on the isotropic to nematic phase transition of the nematic liquid crystal elastomer-carbon nanotubes composites have been discussed. The volume fraction of carbon nanotubes dependence of the isotropic to nematic transition temperature, mechanical strain and strain birefringence has been calculated. The weak first-order character of the isotropic to nematic phase transition on nematic liquid crystal elastomer-carbon nanotubes composites has been predicted.
Nodule-Specific NRF2-Targeted Upregulation in Patients With KEAP1 Mutations and Familial Nontoxic Multinodular Goiter
Authors: Nishihara Eijun , Fukata Shuji , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Higuchi Miyoko , Ito Mitsuru , Nishikawa Mitsushige , Miyauchi Akira , Matsuse Michiko , Mitsutake Norisato , Ito Yuka , Hishinuma Akira , Kogai Takahiko , Akamizu Takashi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is associated with nuclear factor erythroid-2–related factor 2 (NRF2) and promotes NRF2 degradation in normal conditions. Genetic abnormality in KEAP1 is a rare disease and presents with familial multinodular goiter.

Objective
This study assessed the clinical and molecular findings concerning nodular formation in the thyroid gland of patients harboring KEAP1 germline mutations.

Methods
Next-generation sequencing analysis targeting goiter-associated genes was performed on 39 patients with familial multinodular goiter. The expression of NRF2-targeted genes from surgical thyroid specimens of patients with KEAP1 mutations were analyzed using a whole-transcript expression array and immunohistochemistry.

Results
We found 5 probands with pathogenic heterozygous mutations in KEAP1 (p.Q86*, p.L136P, p.V411fs, p.R415C, and p.R483H) that had no meaningful concomitance with mutations of other goiter-associated genes at germline and somatic levels. Their common histopathological features showed multinodular goiters in the entire thyroid gland with few degenerative lesions or complications of malignancy and slow proliferation indicating less than 1% at the Ki-67 labeling index. Among 42 NRF2-targeted genes, antioxidant genes were most frequently upregulated (11/12) in the nodule, followed by detoxification genes (6/11). Immunohistochemical analysis showed relatively high expression of glutathione peroxidase 2 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (representative NRF2-targeted genes) in the nodules of various patients harboring KEAP1 mutations.

Conclusion
KEAP1 germline heterozygous mutations exert excessive NRF2 activity in the thyroid gland and may confer cytoprotective effects even under abundant reactive oxygen species associated with thyroid hormone production, resulting in thyroid hyperplasia with scarce degradation.
Alterations and Clinical Value of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets and Inflammatory Factors in Paragangliomas
Authors: Zhou Yue , Zhang Wenqian , Cui Yunying , Li Tianyi , Wang Yu , Li Ming , Tong Anli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Given the pivotal role of immune and inflammatory responses in tumor patients, the present study aimed to explore alterations and the clinical value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory factors in pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGLs).

Methods
The clinical data of 327 patients, including 102 patients with metastatic PPGLs, were retrospectively analyzed. Peripheral lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Relationships between immune and inflammatory parameters and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated by intergroup comparisons and correlation analyses. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify metastatic indicators. The corresponding nomogram was constructed and evaluated for discrimination and calibration.

Results
The median age at diagnosis was 45.0 years, and duration of follow-up was 3.0 years. Compared with those in younger patients (&lt; 45.0 years), most lymphocyte subsets were significantly reduced in older patients (≥ 45 years) (P &lt; .05). The count of lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T cells were negatively correlated with 24-hour urinary epinephrine and plasma metanephrine levels (R = −0.2 ∼ 0.1, P &lt; .05). In addition, patients with lymph node (n = 37) or bone metastases (n = 41) had a lower percentage of CD4+ T cells (P &lt; .05). Multivariate analysis revealed that CD3+ T cell count ≥ 1446.50/μL, CD4+ T cell% &lt; 39.95%, CD8+ T cell% &lt; 24.95%, CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio &lt; 2.88, B cell% ≥ 8.65%, TNF-alpha &lt; 12.45 pg/mL, IL-8 &lt; 30.50 pg/mL, and platelets ≥ 269.50 × 109/L were significant indicators of metastatic PPGLs. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.800 (95% CI: 0.736-0.865).

Conclusion
Immunosenescence, characterized by immune dysfunction with aging, was observed in PPGLs. Higher epinephrine and metanephrine levels might impair host immune response. Monitoring changes in peripheral lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokines could indicate patients’ conditions, especially the occurrence of metastasis.