bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine preoperative group and save for TURP and TURBT – need and cost effectiveness
Authors: Smith Hazel , Falconer Rachel , Szczachor Justyna , Ahmad Sarfraz 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Standard practice in our unit is to take a group and save (G+S) blood sample for all patients undergoing a transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). Modern studies show the transfusion rates for TURP are 2%–7% and for TURBT 2%. Aims: We will determine how many patients undergoing TURP and TURBT required blood transfusion, analyse the indication, timing and risk factors. Additionally we will assess the cost effectiveness of routine G+S. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted between 1 March 2015 and 29 February 2016 (one year). Patients were identified from OPERA database and cross-referenced with blood transfusion records. Electronic case notes for patients receiving transfusions were reviewed. Results: A total of 167 patients underwent TURP. Of these, 0.6% (1/167) received transfusion on day 4 post-op. A total of 160 patients underwent TURBT. Overall 3.8% (6/160) received transfusion: three patients on days 0–1 and three patients on days 2–30. All patients had pre-op Hb <100 g/l. All had large muscle-invasive tumours. Cost in our lab of a G+S sample is £23.52. Two samples are now required before blood can be issued. Discussion: Our study shows that risk factors for transfusion are large prostates, likely muscle-invasive bladder tumours and pre-op Hb <100 g/l. Other risks include coagulopathy. These will usually be identified by the surgeon or pre-assessment clinic prior to the procedure. Change in policy would save money and time of phlebotomists and junior doctors. Conclusions: Routine G+S is not necessary for all patients. Patients with risk factors can be identified preoperatively. This would give a potential saving of over £15,000 per year. This can be implemented without adversely affecting patient safety.
A Comparison of Cervical Spine Motion After Immobilization With a Traditional Spine Board and Full-Body Vacuum-Mattress Splint
Authors: Etier Brian E. , Norte Grant E. , Gleason Megan M. , Richter Dustin L. , Pugh Kelli F. , Thomson Keith B. , Slater Lindsay V. , Hart Joe M. , Brockmeier Stephen F. , Diduch David R. 
Published: December 2017

Background: The National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) advocates for cervical spine immobilization on a rigid board or vacuum splint and for removal of athletic equipment before transfer to an emergency medical facility. Purpose: To (1) compare triplanar cervical spine motion using motion capture between a traditional rigid spine board and a full-body vacuum splint in equipped and unequipped athletes, (2) assess cervical spine motion during the removal of a football helmet and shoulder pads, and (3) evaluate the effect of body mass on cervical spine motion. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty healthy male participants volunteered for this study to examine the influence of immobilization type and presence of equipment on triplanar angular cervical spine motion. Three-dimensional cervical spine kinematics was measured using an electromagnetic motion analysis system. Independent variables included testing condition (static lift and hold, 30° tilt, transfer, equipment removal), immobilization type (rigid, vacuum-mattress), and equipment (on, off). Peak sagittal-, frontal-, and transverse-plane angular motions were the primary outcome measures of interest. Results: Subjective ratings of comfort and security did not differ between immobilization types ( P > .05). Motion between the rigid board and vacuum splint did not differ by more than 2° under any testing condition, either with or without equipment. In removing equipment, the mean peak motion ranged from 12.5° to 14.0° for the rigid spine board and from 11.4° to 15.4° for the vacuum-mattress splint, and more transverse-plane motion occurred when using the vacuum-mattress splint compared with the rigid spine board (mean difference, 0.14 deg/s [95% CI, 0.05-0.23 deg/s]; P = .002). In patients weighing more than 250 lb, the rigid board provided less motion in the frontal plane ( P = .027) and sagittal plane ( P = .030) during the tilt condition and transfer condition, respectively. Conclusion: The current study confirms similar motion in the vacuum-mattress splint compared with the rigid backboard in varying sized equipped or nonequipped athletes. Cervical spine motion occurs when removing a football helmet and shoulder pads, at an unknown risk to the injured athlete. In athletes who weighed more than 250 lb, immobilization with the rigid board helped to reduce cervical spine motion. Clinical Relevance: Athletic trainers and team physicians should consider immobilization of athletes who weigh more than 250 lb with a rigid board.
Reasons for Retirement Following Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Among Major League Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Ahn Junyoung , Chalmers Peter N. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Bach Bernard R. , Verma Nikhil N. , Romeo Anthony A. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) has become an increasingly common procedure among Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. The long-term effects of this procedure on the career of an MLB pitcher are largely unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine why and when MLB pitchers who underwent UCLR during their careers retired from baseball as compared with controls. We hypothesized that pitchers who underwent UCLR are no more likely than control pitchers to retire from elbow or shoulder problems. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All MLB pitchers who underwent UCLR were identified through publicly available data. A cohort of pitchers who did not undergo UCLR were matched to pitchers with a history of UCLR, based on sex, age, draft year, and draft round. Of those who were no longer pitching in the MLB, the reason for retirement was determined. Reason for retirement and length of career following UCLR (surgical group) and index year (control group) were determined and compared through prior studies via the MLB HITS database, MLB team websites, and publicly available internet-based injury reports. Results: Overall, 153 MLB pitchers who underwent UCLR between 1974 and 2015 are currently retired. Mean ± SD time to retirement was 4.4 ± 4.7 years (range, 0-26 years) after the index year in the control group and 4.4 ± 3.5 years (range, 0-15 years) after surgery in the UCLR group ( P = .388). Patients who were status post-UCLR were significantly more likely to be released during the season (34 of 144, 23.6%) than were players who were not status post-UCLR (14 of 144, 9.7%) ( P = .002). Shoulder injury as a reason for retirement was more common in the control group than the UCLR group ( P = .011). Elbow injury as a reason for retirement was not more common in either group ( P = .379). Leg injury as a reason for retirement was more common in the control group ( P = .013). Performance as a reason for retirement was more common in the UCLR group than the control group ( P < .001). Conclusion: MLB pitchers who have undergone UCLR are no more likely to retire from shoulder or elbow injuries than are those who have not undergone UCLR. MLB career length was similar between pitchers with and without a history of UCLR.
Regulation of intercellular TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 7 protein transport in the Arabidopsis root
Authors: Lu Kuan-Ju , De Rybel Bert , van Mourik Hilda , Weijers Dolf 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Intercellular communication coordinates hypophysis establishment in the Arabidopsis embryo. Previously, TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 7 (TMO7) was reported to be transported to the hypophysis, the founder cell of the root cap, and RNA suppression experiments implicated its function in embryonic root development. However, the protein properties and mechanisms mediating TMO7 protein transport, and the role the movement plays in development remained unclear. Here, we report that in the post-embryonic root, TMO7 and its close relatives are transported into the root cap through plasmodesmata in a sequence-dependent manner. We also show that nuclear residence is crucial for TMO7 transport, and postulate that modification, potentially phosphorylation, labels TMO7 for transport. Additionally, three novel CRISPR/Cas9-induced tmo7 alleles confirmed a role in hypophysis division, but suggest complex redundancies with close relatives in root formation. Finally, we demonstrate that TMO7 transport is biologically meaningful, as local expression partially restores hypophysis division in a plasmodesmal protein transport mutant. Our study identifies motifs and amino acids that are pivotal for TMO7 protein transport, and establishes the importance of TMO7 in hypophysis and root development.
Environmental factors regulate Paneth cell phenotype and host susceptibility to intestinal inflammation in Irgm1-deficient mice
Authors: Rogala Allison R. , Schoenborn Alexi A. , Fee Brian E. , Cantillana Viviana A. , Joyce Maria J. , Gharaibeh Raad Z. , Roy Sayanty , Fodor Anthony A. , Sartor R. Balfour , Taylor Gregory A. , Gulati Ajay S. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Crohn's disease (CD) represents a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestinal tract. Several susceptibility genes have been linked to CD, though their precise role in the pathogenesis of this disorder remains unclear. Immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM) is an established risk allele in CD. We have shown previously that conventionally raised (CV) mice lacking the IRGM ortholog, Irgm1 exhibit abnormal Paneth cells (PCs) and increased susceptibility to intestinal injury. In the present study, we sought to utilize this model system to determine if environmental conditions impact these phenotypes, as is thought to be the case in human CD. To accomplish this, wild-type and Irgm1−/− mice were rederived into specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) conditions. We next assessed how these differential housing environments influenced intestinal injury patterns, and epithelial cell morphology and function in wild-type and Irgm1−/− mice. Remarkably, in contrast to CV mice, SPF Irgm1−/− mice showed only a slight increase in susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced inflammation. SPF Irgm1−/− mice also displayed minimal abnormalities in PC number and morphology, and in antimicrobial peptide expression. Goblet cell numbers and epithelial proliferation were also unaffected by Irgm1 in SPF conditions. No microbial differences were observed between wild-type and Irgm1−/− mice, but gut bacterial communities differed profoundly between CV and SPF mice. Specifically, Helicobacter sequences were significantly increased in CV mice; however, inoculating SPF Irgm1−/− mice with Helicobacter hepaticus was not sufficient to transmit a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In summary, our findings suggest the impact of Irgm1-deficiency on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation and epithelial function is critically dependent on environmental influences. This work establishes the importance of Irgm1−/− mice as a model to elucidate host-environment interactions that regulate mucosal homeostasis and intestinal inflammatory responses. Defining such interactions will be essential for developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for human CD.
Social support for earthquake victims in East
Azerbaijan, Iran
Authors: Ebrahimi Mohammadreza , Rakhshani Tayebeh , Taravatmanesh Samira , Khorramdel Kazem 
Published: December 2017

Aim of the studyIntroduction: One important factor in disaster relief is to maintain the injured people’s mental health. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted with the aim of investigating the social support in earthquake victims in east Azerbaijan.Subject or material and methodsMaterials and Methods: This study was a cross – sectional descriptive one. The population included the earthquake victims in the city of Ahar and its villages in East Azerbaijan province. The sample size of 300 was estimated based on Morgan table. The data collection tools were the socio-demographic questionnaire as well as the Social Support Inventory MOS (social support scale). The independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficient statistical tests were used for data analysis.ResultsResults: Among the 300 subjects participated in the study, 115 earthquake victims (38.3%) were female and 185 (61.7%) were male. Most of the participants evaluated the total social support as average (51.3%) and low (41.3 %%). The total and tangible social support had a significant relationship with the variables gender, marital status, education and occupation (P-value ≤ 0.05).DiscussionDiscussion: The study results showed that the majority of earthquake victims evaluated the social support after the earthquake nearly average. Regarding tangible social support subscale, most participants reported it was average. This was also true about emotional support with some slight difference, but most participants stated that informational support was low.ConclusionsConclusion: Our finding showed that the majority of earthquake victims described the social support for earthquake victims as average to low.
Typology of psychotherapeutic targets and changes
in state of patients with neurotic disorders in the
course of personality-oriented (reconstructive)
psychotherapy
Authors: Vasileva Anna , karavaeva tatiana , lyashkovskaya svetlana 
Published: December 2017

Aim of the studyclassify specific psychotherapeutic targets significant for the dynamic of the patients clinical and psychological features in the course of psychotherapy.Subject or material and methods150 patients with 3 forms of neurotic disorders were studied with
The Symptom Checklist-90) – SCL-90; Ways of coping questionnaire (WCQ) (R. Lazarus, S. Folkman, 1988), Gießen personality test, Personality differential semantic test.ResultsAt the first stage of individual personality-oriented (reconstructive) psychotherapy, the main targets concerned the characteristics of psychotherapeutic relationships; at the second stage, the main targets concerned "personality-situation-disease" causation and the domain of self-understanding and self-attitude; at the third stage, the problem-decisive and behavioral focus of interventions prevailed. These characteristics of the content of individual personality-oriented (reconstructive) psychotherapy were successful according to the positive trends of clinical-and-psychological and personal characteristics of patients.Discussionchanges in personality questionnaires values mostly indicate an improvement in patients’ interpersonal functioning, while these changes concern specific factors of different types of neurotic disorders: inadequate self-esteem – in the hysterical type, determination and volitional quality – in the obsessive-phobic type, hyper-control and hyper-responsibility – in the neurasthenic type.ConclusionsSymptomatic condition, personal characteristics and characteristics of protective and coping behavior in all patients with neurotic disorders have undergone a positive trend in the course of individual personality-oriented (reconstructive) psychotherapy – there was a significant decrease in subjective intensity of symptoms, their diversity and severity of distress; there were improvements in interaction with others and increase in behavioral adaptability; self-esteem became more adequate.
Lessons to be learnt
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: December 2017

The events that occurred in London on 7 July 2005 have, as did the twin towers disaster in New York in 2001, changed our lives in the UK and other parts of the world. The event was a tragedy for many people, 56 people lost their lives with a number of others seriously injured and maimed (The Stationery Office, 2006). The bombings on that day in July were an act of indiscriminate terror and have had a significant impact on a wide spectrum of our society and further afield. The first on the scene in response to that emergency were the London paramedics. Too often in the past, tragedies have been witnessed which could have been avoided had the lessons of previous experiences been properly learned. The Secretary of State has statutory powers to set up external inquiries. In 2000, the Department of Health published a report of an expert group on learning from adverse events in the NHS-An Organisation with a Memory. The emphasis of the report was on learning lessons from events that caused harm in the health service. It is the function of a government to protect its public and this includes those who provide emergency services.
Essential life support: emergency obstetrics
Authors: Davies Jean 
Published: December 2017

Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) (UK) has been providing training courses relating to obstetric emergencies in the UK since 1996. The course lasts two days with doctors and midwives teaching doctors and midwives and other professionals, some of whom have been paramedics. ALSO instructors have been involved in teaching paramedics at the request of ambulance services. Having a specifically designed one day course geared up to meet the needs of those called out in the community for maternity emergencies was considered to be a way forward for emergency staff having to deal with these situations. This course has been called Essential Life Support in Obstetrics (ELSO).
Multi-sited ethnography as a research method for globalization<p>Küreselleşme üzerine bir araştırma yöntemi olarak çok-sahalı etnografi
Authors: Varol Fatih 
Published: December 2017

The globalization process destabilizes the meaning of the key concepts (e.g., site, place, and local) of ethnography because of the increasing impact of world-wide interconnectedness and interdependence. Thus, an ethnographic research conducted in a single place is not helpful to understand the complexity of the globalization process. An ethnographic research needs to take into account the multiplicity of global network and flows that overlap with one another in the global and local to better understand the globalized world. Therefore, the multi-sited ethnography has developed to overcome the risk of avoiding the complexity of the global circulation and its impact on the local. This article examines the development of the multi-sited ethnography to better understand the globalization process. As an example of the multi-sited ethnography, this article examines Carolyn Nordstrom’s ethnographic study of Global Outlaws. Her work highlights the links between the local, national and global by paying attention to the context of multi sites to understand how global capitalism works.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetKüreselleşme süreci “yer,” “yerel” ve “alan” gibi kavramlarının anlamını muğlaklaştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle, sınırlı ve dar bir alanda katılımcı gözlem üzerine kurulu klasik etnografik bir saha araştırması küreselleşme sürecinin karmaşıklığını anlamak bakımından yetersiz kalmaktadır. Yalnız, küreselleşmenin genel geçer etkilerinin ötesine geçmek ve günlük hayat üzerindeki etkisinin ortaya çıkarılabilmesi için de saha çalışması oldukça önemli bir metottur. Bu nedenle klasik etnografinin küresel dünyayı anlamada yetersizliğinin üstesinden gelebilmek için son yıllarda küresel akışın ve bağlantının peşinden giden, her bağlantı noktasındaki yerel ve küresel arasındaki etkileşimi ortaya çıkarmaya çalışan çok-sahalı etnografi yeni bir yaklaşım olarak gelişmiştir. Bu makalede öncelikle küreselleşme sürecinin klasik etnografiyi neden yetersiz kıldığı ve çok-sahalı etnografinin neden bir ihtiyaç olarak geliştiği incelenecek, sonrasında ise çok-sahalı etnografiye iyi bir örnek olması bakımında Carolyn Nordstrom’un Global Outlaws adlı çalışması ele alınacaktır.
Qualitative uncertainty principle for the Gabor transform on certain locally compact groups
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Kumar Ajay 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Several classes of locally compact groups have been shown to possess a qualitative uncertainty principle for the Gabor transform. These include Moore groups, the Heisenberg group

{\mathbb{H}_{n}}

, the group

{\mathbb{H}_{n}\times D}

(where D is a discrete group) and other low-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups.
Chain-chain complexation and heme binding in haemoglobin with respect to the hydrophobic core structure
Authors: Ptak Magdalena , Banach Mateusz , Wiśniowski Zdzisław , Konieczny Leszek , Roterman Irena 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Heme binding by proteins and protein-protein complexation are the processes strongly related to the biological activity of proteins. The mechanism of these processes has not been still recognised. These phenomena are presented using haemoglobin as the example. Half of the mature haemoglobin (one α-chain and one β-chain) treated as a dissociation step in haemoglobin degradation reveals a specific change in heme binding after dissociation. This phenomenon is the object of analysis that interprets the structure of both complexes (tetramer and dimer) with respect to their hydrophobic core structure. The results suggest the higher stability of the complex in the form of one α-chain and one β-chain with respect to the hydrophobic core.
Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) complexes with 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile
Authors: Zaky Rania , Fekri Ahmed 
Published: December 2017

AbstractZn(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) complexes with 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (HP) were produced by using ball milling as a mechanochemical technique. The mode of chelation for the isolated complexes was illustrated by several spectroscopic techniques. Also, a computational study was estimated to prove the geometry of the isolated complexes by applying a density function theory method. In addition, its biological activity (antimicrobial and DNA binding) was evaluated.
Risk of pancreatic cancer in Minia district, Egypt
Authors: Abdelrehim Marwa G. , Mahfouz Eman M. , Ewis Ashraf A. , Seedhom Amany E. , Afifi Hassan M. , Shebl Fatma M. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms. Therefore, a better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors are essential for the development of preventive strategies. Methods: This case-control study included pancreatic cancer patients attending Minia Cancer Center during the period from June 2014 to December 2015 and controls from the general population. Several suspected risk factors were evaluated during personal interviews with the study participants. Statistical analysis included crude odds ratio (OR) and multivariable logistic regression with an adjusted OR and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The study included 224 subjects, 75 pancreatic cancer cases, and 149 controls. Cases had higher age and male gender than controls. Bivariate analyses showed that age, sex, smoking, family history of pancreatic cancer, physical activity, mental stress, age at first birth, hormonal contraception, diabetes, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, pancreatitis, and cholecystitis were associated with pancreatic cancer. In the final multivariable analysis, smoking, physical activity, diabetes, HCV infection, and cholecystitis were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Conclusions: Pancreatic cancer risk is associated with some potentially modifiable factors like tobacco smoking and low physical activity and related health problems as diabetes, HCV infection, and cholecystitis. Control of known risk factors for pancreatic cancer should be considered to help in risk reduction and prevention.