bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of ADHD symptoms among adults in the general population in Finland
Authors: Alaheino L. , Leppämäki S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEarlier considered a disorder affecting only children, today worldwide adult ADHD prevalence is estimated at 2.5%. The core symptoms; inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, often persevere impacting many fields of life.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in the general Finnish adult population.MethodsWe started with a population based and randomly drawn sample of 3000 adults, aged 18–44 years. When contacted, participants were provided three alternative ways to participate (online, letter, telephone interview). Using the adult ADHD rating scale (ASRS) screener all participants (n = 748) were categorized into groups: possibly symptomatic (≥4 points), controls (≤2 points) and undefined (3 points). Fifty-seven possibly symptomatic consented to further evaluation by a telephone interview, together with two age- and gender matched controls each.ResultsUsing the results from the ASRS screener, we calculated a 10.96% prevalence. Analysis of the complete ASRS resulted in a 5.08% and the recommended two-step evaluation in a 3.34% prevalence, out of whom two thirds considered being moderately or severely impaired by the symptoms.ConclusionsThis study suggests that a large number of adults in the general population are negatively affected by ADHD symptoms, almost all unrecognized by health care professionals. As ADHD is a burden for the patient, his family and the society, adult ADHD deserves greater attention in the future.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Affective temperaments in medical students using prescription stimulants for neuroenhancement
Authors: Mineo L. , Sarraf Y. , Hanauer S. , Patel D. , Ingram C. , Montemagno L. , Concerto C. , Battaglia F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe non-medical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) is a common habit among American college students; It refers to the use of stimulant medications by students who do not qualify for prescription or in higher quantities or manners other than prescribed in order to improve their academic performance. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the role of specific affective, biologically determined and inherited traits that might predict misuse of stimulants for neuroenhancement in graduate education.AimTo examine the role for individual temperament traits on non-medical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) in medical college students.MethodsWe investigated 181 students using the short form of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A). Furthermore, we assessed the association of demographic variables and health risk behaviors (drinking, smoking, use other illicit drugs) with NMUPS. Predictors were investigated using logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of NMUPS was 30.06% with 7.1% users being previously diagnosed with ADHD. NMUPS users had higher scores on the hyperthymic scale. The main reason for taking NMUPS was to “Increase ability to stay alert during studying” (80.1%) followed by “Allow studying for longer periods of time” (19.9%). The hyperthymic temperament score and being a user of other illicit drugs increased the odds of becoming NMUPS.ConclusionsOur results suggest that personality profiles can be used to identify students with an increased risk for NMUPS for early personalized counseling and behavioral intervention based on their temperament profile.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Suicide and drug and alcohol addiction: Self-destructive behaviours. An observational study on clinic hospital population
Authors: Nardella A. , Falcone G. , Giordano G. , Erbuto D. , Migliorati M. , Innamorati M. , Girardi P. , Pompili M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSuicidal behaviour and drug and alcohol dependence represent two different aspects of self-destructive behavior.ObjectivesWe evaluated the relationship between suicidal behavior and substance and alcohol addiction. It was investigated the role of childhood trauma in these self-destructive behaviors and in the development of the two mental constructions of hopelessness and mentalization.AimsWe also assessed how a high level of hopelessness could affect suicidal ideation and how low or absent capacity of mentalization could influence the development of substance and/or alcohol addiction.MethodsThis naturalistic, observational study included 50 patients (mean age = 46.54; S.D = 14.57) recruited from the department of psychiatry (n = 18) and the centre for suicide prevention (n = 32) of Sant’Andrea Hospital (Rome). Different questionnaires were administered to each patient from February to May 2016.ResultsThere was not a statistically significant relationship between suicidal behavior and addict behavior. Childhood trauma resulted a risk factor for alcohol abuse with a relationship that tended to significance (P = 0.07). Physical and sexual abuses were significantly associated with addiction (respectively P = 0.014; P = 0.033). It was showed a statistically significant interaction between high level of hopelessness and suicidal ideation (P = 0.037). The absence of mentalization was related to the absence of alcohol abuse (P = 0.061). Finally, trauma experienced during childhood was associated with high level of hopelessness (P = 0.005).ConclusionsSuicidal behavior is influenced indirectly by a childhood traumatic experience that conditioning the level of hopelessness. Childhood trauma affected directly the development of drug abuse and alcoholism. The capacity of mentalization was not related with childhood trauma.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Low-Intensity Shockwave Therapy Improves Hemodynamic Parameters in Patients with Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction: A Triplex Ultrasonography-Based Sham-Controlled Trial
Authors: Kalyvianakis Dimitrios , Hatzichristou Dimitrios 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Although several reports have documented the subjective improvement of erectile function after low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) in patients with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED), objective assessment data of penile hemodynamics are lacking.

Aim
To assess penile hemodynamics before and 3 months after LI-ESWT in a group of patients with documented vasculogenic ED.

Methods
This was a double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Forty-six patients with ED were randomized; 30 underwent LI-ESWT and 16 had a sham procedure in double-blinded fashion. All patients underwent penile triplex ultrasonography by the same investigator immediately before and 3 months after treatment. Patient demographics, International Index of Erectile Function erectile function domain (IIEF-ED) score, and minimal clinically important difference were assessed at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment.

Outcomes
Changes in peak systolic velocity and resistance index as measured by triplex ultrasonography at baseline and 3 months after treatment were the main outcomes of the study. Secondary outcomes were changes in the IIEF-EF score from baseline to 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment and the percentage of patients reaching a minimal clinically important difference during the same period for the two groups.

Results
IIEF-EF minimal clinically important differences for the active vs sham group were observed for 56.7% vs 12.5% (P = .005) at 1 month, 56.7% vs 12.5% (P = .003) at 3 months, 63.3% vs 18.8% (P = .006) at 6 months, 66.7% vs 31.3% (P = .022) at 9 months, and 75% vs 25% (P = .008) at 12 months. Mean peak systolic velocity increased by 4.5 and 0.6 cm/s in the LI-ESWT and sham groups, respectively (P &lt; .001).

Clinical Implications
Such results offer objective and subjective documentation of the value of this novel treatment modality for men with vasculogenic ED.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths include the prospective, randomized, sham-controlled type of study and the assessment of penile hemodynamics. Limitations include the small sample and strict inclusion criteria that do not reflect everyday clinical practice.

Conclusion
The present study confirms the beneficial effect of LI-ESWT on penile hemodynamics and the beneficial effect of this treatment up to 12 months.
Magnetic turbulence in a table-top laser-plasma relevant to astrophysical scenarios
Authors: Chatterjee Gourab , Schoeffler Kevin M. , Kumar Singh Prashant , Adak Amitava , Lad Amit D. , Sengupta Sudip , Kaw Predhiman , Silva Luis O. , Das Amita , Kumar G. Ravindra 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTurbulent magnetic fields abound in nature, pervading astrophysical, solar, terrestrial and laboratory plasmas. Understanding the ubiquity of magnetic turbulence and its role in the universe is an outstanding scientific challenge. Here, we report on the transition of magnetic turbulence from an initially electron-driven regime to one dominated by ion-magnetization in a laboratory plasma produced by an intense, table-top laser. Our observations at the magnetized ion scale of the saturated turbulent spectrum bear a striking resemblance with spacecraft measurements of the solar wind magnetic-field spectrum, including the emergence of a spectral kink. Despite originating from diverse energy injection sources (namely, electrons in the laboratory experiment and ion free-energy sources in the solar wind), the turbulent spectra exhibit remarkable parallels. This demonstrates the independence of turbulent spectral properties from the driving source of the turbulence and highlights the potential of small-scale, table-top laboratory experiments for investigating turbulence in astrophysical environments.
Computerized cognitive remediation therapy effects on resting state brain activity and cognition in schizophrenia
Authors: Fan Fengmei , Zou Yizhuang , Tan Yunlong , Hong L. Elliot , Tan Shuping 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to test how an 8-week training using computerized cognitive remediation therapy (CCRT) would modify resting brain functional activity and improve cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Twenty-seven patients with schizophrenia were recruited and randomized into two groups: CCRT or treatment-as-usual (TAU). The CCRT group received 40 sessions of computerized cognitive training over an eight-week period. There was a significant treatment group × time interaction on the processing speed (trail making test: F = 8.14, P = 0.01) and a trend in problem solving (mazes test: P = 0.06). Post-hoc tests showed that CCRT but not TAU significantly improved scores from baseline to end-of-treatment on these two cognitive assessments. For the resting brain functional activity, significant group × time interaction effect was found in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and brainstem pons region. Post-hoc tests showed that there was significant increased activity in the mPFC/ACC in CCRT but not TAU group. In this small sample study, computerized cognitive remediation therapy is shown to enhance mPFC/ACC activity even at resting state and improve cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. If replicated, this community and clinic accessible therapy may assist cognitive remediation effort for people with schizophrenia.
Differentiating Staphylococcus aureus from Escherichia coli mastitis: S. aureus triggers unbalanced immune-dampening and host cell invasion immediately after udder infection
Authors: Günther Juliane , Petzl Wolfram , Bauer Isabel , Ponsuksili Siriluck , Zerbe Holm , Schuberth Hans-Joachim , Brunner Ronald M. , Seyfert Hans-Martin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe etiology determines quality and extent of the immune response after udder infection (mastitis). Infections with Gram negative bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli) will quickly elicit strong inflammation of the udder, fully activate its immune defence via pathogen receptor driven activation of IκB/NF-κB signaling. This often eradicates the pathogen. In contrast, Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus) will slowly elicit a much weaker inflammation and immune response, frequently resulting in chronic infections. However, it was unclear which immune regulatory pathways are specifically triggered by S. aureus causing this partial immune subversion. We therefore compared in first lactating cows the earliest (1–3 h) udder responses against infection with mastitis causing pathogens of either species. Global transcriptome profiling, bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of key aspects revealed as S. aureus infection specific features the (i) failure to activating IκB/NF-κB signaling; (ii) activation of the wnt/β-catenin cascade resulting in active suppression of NF-κB signaling and (iii) rearrangement of the actin-cytoskeleton through modulating Rho GTPase regulated pathways. This facilitates invasion of pathogens into host cells. Hence, S. aureus mastitis is characterized by eliciting unbalanced immune suppression rather than inflammation and invasion of S. aureus into the epithelial cells of the host causing sustained infection.
Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Refugees: A Prospective Case Control Study in an Obstetric Cohort
Authors: Oelmeier de Murcia Kathrin , Glatz Birgit , Willems Stephanie , Kossow Annelene , Strobel Marlit , Stühmer Bianca , Schaumburg Frieder , Mellmann Alexander , Kipp Frank , Schmitz Ralf , Möllers Mareike 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Purpose To determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in a cohort of pregnant refugee women.
Methods In a prospective case control study, surveillance cultures for MDR bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA], vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE], MDR Gram-negative bacteria [MRGN]) were analysed between October 2015 and June 2016 from a cohort of 50 pregnant refugee women and 50 resident controls in the obstetric unit of a German tertiary referral hospital.
Results Prevalence of MRSA was noticeably higher among refugee women compared to residents (6 vs. 0%). In addition, a trend towards a higher prevalence of VRE and MDR Gram-negative bacteria in refugees was shown (1.8 vs. 0%).
Conclusions Due to the higher prevalence of MDR bacteria, surveillance cultures are justified in order to prevent nosocomial spread of MDR bacteria.
Editorial cartoons and ART
Authors: Groarke Leo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Though they are often ignored in serious scholarship, editorial cartoons are an important vehicle for multimodal arguing. The present chapter outlines an “ART” approach to editorial cartoons which is rooted in contemporary argumentation theory. A series of examples are used to show how cartoons can be analyzed as instances of argument. To illustrate the significance of particular cartoon motifs, the chapter focuses on cartoons that depict political figures as Pinocchio – the magical wooden puppet in Carlo Collodi’s renowned children’s novel. In a number of ways, these cartoons challenge traditional assumptions that characterize conventional accounts of argument – among them, the common claim that pictures cannot negate.
Arguing with illustrations
Authors: Dove Ian J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the absence of explicit and obvious assessment criteria for visual arguments, every such argument depends upon unique (and sometimes, reinvented) desiderata to do this work. This chapter considers the applications of, and modifications to, argumentation schemes – specifically, argument from analogy and argument from appearance – as a way of giving explicit criteria for visual argument assessment. The centerpiece of this account is a case study on an early debate in archaeology regarding the proper placement of Australopithecus africanus in the lineage of human ancestors. Participants in (and later analysts of) the debate appealed to competing illustrations and reconstructions of A. africanus in support of the rival hypotheses. Both argument from analogy and argument from appearance are relevant to the assessment of the debate. However, neither argumentation scheme is a perfect fit. Rather, a contrastivist account of comparison augments these schemes, which allows for a better analysis and evaluation of the actual argumentation.
Seeing the untold
Authors: Wildfeuer Janina , Pollaroli Chiara 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter considers movie trailers as a specific type of multimodal argumentative discourse and asks for their rhetorical and promotional structure. By applying a formal-logical as well as an argumentative perspective combining Pragma-Dialectics and the Argumentum Model of Topics, it aims at a reconstruction of the logical units that guide the viewer’s imagination and hypothesis-making about the story of the promoted film. On this basis, the combined approach makes it possible to reconstruct the standpoint and multimodal arguments of the example movie trailer of the film Gravity.
Implementation of Practice Transformation: Patient Experience According to Practice Leaders
Authors: Quigley Denise D. , Palimaru Alina I. , Chen Alex Y. , Hays Ron D. 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
Examine practice leaders' perceptions and experiences of how patient-centered medical home (PCMH) transformation improves patient experience.

Subjects:
Thirty-six interviews with lead physicians (n = 13), site clinic administrators (n = 13), and nurse supervisors (n = 10).

Methods:
Semi-structured interviews at 14 primary care practices within a large urban Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) delivery system to identify critical patient experience domains and mechanisms of change. Identified patient experience domains were compared with Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) items.

Results:
We identified 28 patient experience domains improved by PCMH transformation, of which 22 are measured by CAHPS, and identified 24 mechanisms of change commonly reported by practice leaders during PCMH transformation.

Conclusions:
PCMH practice transformation can improve patient experience. Most patient experience domains reported as improved during PCMH efforts are measured by CAHPS items. Practices would benefit from collecting specific information on staff behaviors related to teamwork, team-based communication, scheduling, emergency and inpatient follow-up, and referrals. All 3 types of practice leaders reported 4 main mechanisms of PCMH change that improved patient experience. Our findings provide guidance for practice leaders on which strategies of PCMH practice transformation lead to specific improvements in patient experience measures. Further research is needed on the relationship between PCMH changes and changes in CAHPS patient experience scores.
Small Rural Hospitals Have a Harder Time Achieving Success in Continuous Quality Improvement: An Example From a Stroke Care Network
Authors: Elkins Kelley , Bellamy Lisa , Guo Jing , Dobbs Michael R. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
University of Kentucky HealthCare established a Stroke Care Network (SCN) in 2008 to address the challenges of rural stroke care and improve care quality.

Methods:
The SCN collects quality data from each affiliate that include volumes, mortality, length of stay, turnaround times, rt-PA door-to-needle time, 8 stroke core measures, and dysphagia screen measure. Characteristics of affiliate hospital studies include number of beds, Stroke Disease-Specific Care (DSC) certification by The Joint Commission, Appalachian designated county or not, time dedicated to stroke coordinator, submission of quality data for the calendar year, success of data, and utilization of American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines.

Results:
Seventeen of 23 (74%) affiliate hospitals submitted data. Highest scoring quality measures were antithrombotic by discharge (96%), antithrombotic by end of day 2 (93%), and assessed for rehabilitation (92%). Hospitals with DSC certification were more likely to succeed in stroke quality than those without (P = .0357). Hospitals in Appalachian counties were less likely to succeed in quality measures than those in non-Appalachian designated counties (P = .02).

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate successful collection of quality data among hospitals bound only by an affiliation agreement. Areas to improve quality identified are door to computed tomographic interpretation, thrombolytic therapy, and dysphagia screening. We suspect that DSC certification is driving quality success in our network hospitals. That Appalachian affiliate hospitals are less likely to succeed could be due to a number of reasons such as the fewer resources available in Appalachian counties and may reflect the financial plight of rural hospitals more generally.
Fiat money: from the current Islamic finance scholars’ perspective
Authors: Jaffar Syammon , Abdullah Adam , Meera Ahamed Kameel Mydin 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the opinions of currentShariahscholars on the concept of debt money in the present-day fiat money system.Design/methodology/approachResearch design of this paper is a quantitative investigation ofShariahexperts by distributing a questionnaire to them. As majority ofShariahscholars are alsoShariahadvisory of the current banking system, it is important to find out their level of knowledge on the issue of debt money created by the commercial banking system through the fractional-reserve banking (FRB) system.FindingsBased on this investigation, mostShariahscholars are unaware of and confused about the mechanics underpinning the creation of money, especially with respect to FRB as it is practiced by the conventional and Islamic banking systems.Originality/valueBased on this research, it is recommended that these scholars should improve their understanding of the operation of the fiat money system and its consequences. It is recommended that, in future,Shariahscholars should think “outside of the box” by creating Islamic financial instruments that do not resemble those of the conventional system.
Identifying and overcoming barriers to deployment of information technology projects in hotels
Authors: Okumus Fevzi , Bilgihan Anil , Ozturk Ahmet Bulent , Zhao Xinyuan (Roy) 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate potential barriers to deployment of information technology (IT) projects and evaluate strategies to overcome them in hotel companies.

Design/methodology/approach
Empirical data were collected through a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews from IT managers, chief information officers, and hotel general managers.

Findings
The research findings demonstrate that barriers to IT implementation occur in three different stages. They are pre-implementation (cost and return on investment, resistance by owners/executives); during the implementation (integration, time delays, vendor communication problems, and resistance by employees); and post-implementation (inadequate training and resistance from customers).

Research limitations/implications
The research findings suggest a contingency approach where organizations should employ various specific strategies depending on the situation to overcome these barriers. Multiple theoretical perspectives should be utilized to evaluate potential barriers to IT projects and utilize specific strategies to overcome them.

Originality/value
This is one of the first empirical studies which provide specific theoretical and practical implications on barriers when implementing IT projects in hotels.