bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between vitamins of the b complex, GABA and glutamate, and their role in neurocognitive disorders -Brief review
Authors: Justo Rayssa , Cesar Marcelo , Migowski Edimilson , Cisne Rafael 
Published: November 2016

Vitamins, especially the water-soluble complex of vitamins B, are highlighted in the daily clinical practice. Numerous studies emphasize the need for supplementation, mainly in groups with deficiency of these vitamins, such as the elderly, pregnant women, children and patients with diseases associates with cognitive disorder. Thiamine (B1), a vitamin of the diet, is an important cofactor for the three key enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle and the pentose phosphate cycle. Pyridoxine (B6) and cobalamin (B12) act in the CNS as a cofactor in the metabolism reactions of homocysteine. Deficiency of some neurotransmitter precursors can also cause symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, especially amino acid and vitamin B deficiency. Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters regulate diverse behavioral processes, including sleep, learning, memory and sensation of pain. They are also implicated in many pathological processes, such as epilepsy and neurotoxicity. Studies suggest that the excitatory amino acids may play a role in learning and memory. The binding of glutamate to its receptor triggers molecular and cellular events associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological pathways, including the development of an increased sensation of pain (hyperalgesia), brain neurotoxicity or synaptic alterations involved in certain types of memory formation. Between the two major classes of neuroactive amino acids, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory amino acid. It is known that GABA plays a fundamental role in encoding information and behavioral control, in the regulation of motor function and in motor learning. The inter-relationships between diet, the brain and behavior are complex. However, micronutrients are known to have a direct influence on cognitive function through their involvement in the energy metabolism of neurons and glia cells, the synthesis of neurotransmitters, receptor binding and the maintenance of membrane ion pumps.
Kamerabasierte Optimierung der Prozessführung von Drehrohröfen
Authors: Waibel Patrick 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Drehrohröfen werden verfahrenstechnisch genutzt, um Materialien in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess bei hohen Temperaturen
zu verarbeiten. Aufgrund erheblicher Energieumsätze stellt eine Prozessoptimierung hinsichtlich der Verbesserung der
Energieeffizienz und der Reduktion von Emissionen ein wichtiges Ziel beim Betrieb solcher Anlagen dar. Der Einsatz
spezieller Brennraumkamerasysteme und geeigneter Bildverarbeitungsverfahren ermöglicht die Ermittlung zusätzlicher
Prozessinformationen direkt aus dem Inneren eines Drehrohrofens. Diese neuen Prozessinformationen können zur Analyse als
auch direkt zur regelungstechnischen Optimierung der Prozesse eingesetzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die
Möglichkeiten einer kamerabasierten Optimierung von Drehrohrofenprozessen aufgezeigt und anhand eines neuen Verfahrens zur
Charakterisierung des Feststoffbetts veranschaulicht.
Die Entwicklung des deutschen zu-Infinitivs:
Authors: Smirnova Elena 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper investigates the initial steps in the diachronic development of the German zu-infinitive as a complement. So far, several alternative scenarios have been proposed to account for this development. They will be first examined in more detail and then tested on corpus data from the Middle High German and the Early New High German periods. The data comprises a set of complement taking predicates pertaining to the semantic field of manipulation and persuasion, e. g. bitten ›ask‹ and befehlen ›command‹. The corpus study will show that none of the existing scenarios individually can account for the development of the zu-infinitive as a complement of the matrix verbs under investigation. Hence, a new scenario will be proposed. Namely, the development of the zu-infinitive will be seen as a complex diachronic process consisting of several interwoven paths; each of the individual paths stems from a different diachronic source and unfolds in a particular linguistic context.
C1-Substituted N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-syn-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as conformationally constrained β-amino acid precursors
Authors: Krow Grant R. , Gandla Deepa , Cannon Kevin C. , Ross Chuck W. , Carroll Patrick J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Regioselective introduction and transformation of substituents at the C1 carbon of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-syn-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane (7) is described. These azabicycles are precursors to conformationally constrained β-amino acids with potential to form oligomers with definite secondary structures. Selected examples of these precursors are converted into their corresponding amino acid derivatives.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Self-Assembled Monolayers Anchored at the Vicinity of Titanium Dioxide Domains
Authors: Zemel E. , Haick H. , Paz Y. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn order to study the photodegradation of molecules located at the vicinity of a titanium dioxide photocatalyst, a well-defined structure comprised of alternating micro-stripes of TiO
Comparison Between the Classical and the Electrochemical Fenton Systems for Atrazine Degradation in Acidic Medium
Authors: Ventura A. , Jacquet G. , Camel V. , Bermond A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe degradation of chemicals in water is commonly performed using chemical oxidation. In case of refractory compounds, hydroxyl radicals have to be involved for their degradation. Several systems may be used to generate OH°, such as the ferrous iron-hydrogen peroxide system (Fenton’s reagent). However, when this reagent is prepared by mixing the two constituents, the oxidation of an organic compound is difficult to control and the ferrous iron regeneration is limited. So, very recently, electrochemical systems have merged that allow the electrochemical production of ferrous iron and/or hydrogen peroxide, thereby allowing the generation of OH°. In this paper, the efficiency of a simple electro-Fenton system in degrading chemicals in acidic medium is shown. Atrazine was chosen as a model organic compound. In addition, the electrochemical system compared favorably with the classical Fenton’s reagent under similar conditions, as it allowed a more thorough oxidation of atrazine.
Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air by a Superimposed Barrier Discharge Plasma Reactor and Activated Carbon Filter Hybrid System
Authors: Urashima K. , Misaka T. , Ito T. , Chang J.-S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSuperimposed barrier discharge and activated carbon filter hybrid systems were used to remove toluene and TCE from air streams. The superimposed barrier-discharge consisted of silent and surface discharges. Experiments were conducted for the gas flow rates from 1 to 10 L/min, applied power from 0 to 7 W and toluene and TCE initial concentrations from 0 to 2,000 ppm for 60 Hz ac applied voltage conditions. Discharge by-products were measured by FTIR, GC, and TLV-VOC detectors. The results show that 1) the toluene-decomposition efficiency monotonically increases with increasing applied power; 2) approximately 90% of the toluene is removed by the plasma reactors and up to 98% is removed by the hybrid system; 3) TCE removal is enhanced by the hybrid system and up to 50% is removed by a discharge reactor alone; 4) the pressure drop of the reactor and carbon filter increase with increasing gas flow rate; 5) TCE is decomposed to form CO
The Photodecomposition of Acetaldehyde in Gas Phase Using Immobilized TiO2 on Porous α-Al2O3 Tube
Authors: Cho Seoung Min , Joo Hyunku , Kim Hyun Jong , Shul Yong Gun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractsA study on the photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde using immobilized TiO
Homogeneous Photoreactions for AOTs: Reactor Analysis and Design
Authors: Martín C. A. , Brandi R. J. , Alfano O. M. , Cassano A. E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the most important technical tools that are needed for designing homogeneous photoreactors using computer simulation of a rigorous mathematical description of the reactor performance. Employing intrinsic reaction kinetic models and parameters derived from properly analyzed laboratory information, it is shown that is possible to scale up reactors with no additional information and without resorting to empirically adjusted correcting factors. The method is illustrated with two processes of degradation of organic pollutants as typical applications of the newly developed Advanced Oxidation Technologies. Two reactors, having pilot plant sizes, are modeled to show the proposed approach. Predictions from the models are compared with experimental data obtaining reasonable good results. They provide confidence on mathematical modeling as a design methodology for homogeneous photochemical reactors.
Optical Characteristics of Capillary U-tube Ar-Hg High Frequency Glow Discharge Plasmas and its Application for Ammonia Compound Contaminated Water Treatments
Authors: Uchida Y. , Urashima K. , Chang J.S. , Kaneda T. , Uchida Y. , Shimazaki K. , Tomita Y. , Watanabe S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOptical characteristics of capillary U-tube Ar-Hg high frequency glow discharge plasmas were experimentally investigated. Based on optimization study of UV emission attenuations, the contaminated water treatment reactor based on bubbly column was developed, and NH
Hydrogen Peroxide Cleaning of Asphalt from Surfaces The Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC™) Study: The Effect of Silica Gel and Solution pH on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Cannon Fred S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe pharmaceutical, fine chemical, photography, and military industries have aggressively sought means of eliminating organic solvents from their cleaning operations because many organic cleaning solvents have been characterized as hazardous or toxic wastes. As a substitute, we previously found that 3% hydrogen peroxide (H
Oil Cracking Characteristics by Streamer Discharge in Oil
Authors: Park J. Y. , Jung J. G. , Kim J. S. , Ha H. J. , Goh H. S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractParticulates exhausted from diesel engine are imperfectly burned carbons of oil and are difficult to re­move. Oil is organic compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon and has relatively long chain that the numbers of carbons are from 10 to 18. When a short chain oil is used in diesel engine, the combustion efficiency could be better than that used a long chain oil, and then particulates could be reduced. In this paper, in order to increase combustion efficiency and reduce particle materials exhausted from diesel engine, an experimental works to crack the long chain oil to short chain oil by streamer plasma induced in oil is conducted. The discharge electrode geometries of a needle and a plate are tested. AC high voltage with 60 Hz of frequency is supplied for electrical discharge in oil. Fresh oil and cracked oil are analyzed with GC-MS (Gas Chromatograph-Mass). From the results, Oil cracking is observed at 14 kV, however, it can not observed below 14 kV in two reactor tested. Operating time is not significantly influence to oil cracking. With derived by the results by GC/MS, it is confirmed that a long chain oil with a heavy molecule weight was changed to a short chain oil with a light molecule weight.
Dilute Trichloroethylene Decomposition in Air by Using Non-Thermal Plasma - Catalyst Effect
Authors: Oda Tetsuji , Yamaji Kei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDilute trichloroethylene (TCE) decomposition by the non-thermal plasma processing is investigated concerning with the enhancement of the removal-energy efficiency by use of the catalyst. Tested catalysts are zeolite, titania, vanadium oxide and tungsten oxide, which are inserted into the plasma region as pellets of a few mm spheres or discs. As the zeolite adsorbs too much TCE during a long period, the enhancing effect on the removal energy efficiency by the zeolite is not yet clear, but other catalysts can surely reduce the necessary energy to decompose TCE. As there are still too many parameters affecting the removal performance, the best catalyst, as enhancing the plasma processing, and that operating conditions will be analyzed in future.
Effect of Ammonia Addition on Photo-Resist Removal Characteristics by Ozone/Water Vapor Treatments
Authors: Noda Seiji , Horibe Hideo , Kawase Kazumasa , Miyamoto Makoto , Kuzumoto Masaki , Kataoka Tatsuo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA photo-resist removal process, using highly-concentrated ozone gas and water vapor, has been investigated in the presence of ammonia. Test substrates (size 520 mm × 410 mm) coated with I-line resist and with pretreatment (140°C baking in 3000 sec and SF
Comparison of EEIM and Cumulative Efficiency Methods for the Evaluation and Optimization of Advanced Oxidation Processes for DOC Removal from Water
Authors: Peyton Gary R. , Fleck Michael J. , LeFaivre Mary Hagen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo published criteria for analyzing and optimizing Advanced Oxidation Processes are compared with respect to their usefulness for process optimization and for determination of the most cost-effective of several candidate processes for a particular application. The Cumulative Efficiency (CE) method compares the amount of target contaminant removed per amount of oxidant used. The Electrical Energy per Mass (EE/M) method compares electrical energy required per kilogram of target pollutant removed. The methods were evaluated using data from treatability studies for DOC removal from a ground water contaminated with 50 mg/L of organic carbon, using processes consisting of combinations of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and ultraviolet light. It was found that the CE method gave better information about how to manipulate the chemistry for optimization, while the EE/M method provided clearer guidance for process selection on economic grounds, making the methods complimentary in treatability studies. The CE method also predicted that a tandem process might function more efficiently than either of the component single processes, which was found experimentally to be the case.
DC/Microwave Driven Micro-Plasmas for Ozone Generation
Authors: Yasuoka Koichi , Yamatake Atsushi , Tamura Yukihiko , Watanabe Hideaki , lshii Shozo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAtmospheric micro-plasmas were formed by DC or 2.45 GHz microwave source for generating ozone and other radicals. Oxygen at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure passed through a small cavity of 0.2 - 0.5 mm in diameter where micro-plasmas were generated. The residence time of feed gas within the plasma region was microsecond order. Therefore, the plasma formation can be separated from the radical formation such as ozone and consequently the generated radicals are not dissociated by electron impacts in the micro-plasmas. Ozone gas of 14 g/Nm
Modifying Inner Surface of a PET Bottle by Plasma-Based Ion Implantation
Authors: Sakudo N. , Endo H. , Yoneda R. , Ohmura Y. , Ikenaga N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn order to improve the gas barrier characteristics of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) we have carried out two experiments; a preliminary experiment using film samples and an applied experiment to modifying inner surfaces of bottles. The measurements of film samples by both ATR FT-IR (Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy and Laser Raman spectroscopy show that most PET molecules in the near surface volume are destroyed and amorphized by ion implantation. Gas permeability of the sample is also measured. For applying PBII (Plasma Based Ion Implantation) to bottles we develop a new technique to implant ions onto the inner surfaces while plasma is generated inside the bottle. An electrode that is supplied with positive high-voltage pulses differently from negative ones as in the preliminary experiment is inserted into the bottle. The inner surface of the PET bottle is investigated by both ATR FT-IR spectroscopy and Laser Raman spectroscopy, too.
The Oxidation of Carbon Soot in a Non-thermal, Atmospheric Pressure Plasma: Experiment and Modelling
Authors: Martin Anthony R. , Shawcross James T. , Whitehead J. Christopher 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe erosion of soot by oxidation in a non-thermal, atmospheric pressure plasma has been modelled using a simplified, two layer, kinetic scheme for the surface reactions coupled with a gas-phase reaction mechanism that is appropriate to diesel exhaust gas. Experimental measurements of the rate for carbon erosion and the evolution of CO and CO
Study in Space and Time of the Gas Temperature Variations in Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactors
Authors: Odic E. , Dhainaut M. , Goldman A. , Goldman M. , Dessante Ph. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGas temperature evolution is investigated in the corona gap of a steady state dielectric barrier discharge under conditions optimal for many chemical applications, i.e. with relatively high energy injection. Under these conditions, quite high temperatures may be reached and these temperatures may be favorable or not for specific applications. Emission spectroscopy measurements have been used and an acoustic method developed, to thermally characterize the discharge channel. The discharge is produced in air at atmospheric pressure, and ozone used as a thermal indicator. Through experimental results supported by kinetic calculations, it is shown that, depending upon the applied voltage frequency, ozone formation can, at least partially, take place not in the discharge channel itself, but in its immediate vicinity.
Removal of Phenol from Water: A Comparison of Energization Methods
Authors: Grabowski Lukas R. , Veldhuizen Eddie M. van , Rutgers Wijnand R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDirect electrical energization methods for removal of persistent substances from water are under investigation in the framework of the ytriD-project. The emphasis of the first stage of the project is the energy efficiency. A comparison is made between a batch reactor with a thin layer of water and an aerosol reactor. The method of energization is mainly the application of fast pulses. In case of the batch reactor it is compared with DC. The ozone concentration is determined as an indicator for the efficiency of the chemical reactions, the yield is 4 g/kWh for the DC batch reactor, 50 g/kWh for the pulsed batch reactor and 50-100 g/kWh for the aerosol reactor. For initial testing phenol degradation is determined. 50% of the initial 0.1 mM is reached in 8 min in the pulsed batch reactor and less than 30 s in the aerosol reactor. The phenol removal speeds up by a factor 3 upon the addition of Fe-ions. Matlab simulations confirm that the surface-to-volume ratio is an important parameter for the speed of phenol degradation.
Soot Free Non-Thermal Plasma Reforming of Hydro Carbon Gas by Flow Stabilized Corona Discharges
Authors: Chang Jen-Shih , Uchida Y. , Ara M. , Kim J. T. , Urashima K. , Kelly J. F. , Stanciulescu M. , Burich R. , Charland J. P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this work, soot free non-thermal plasma reforming was experimentally investigated. Experiments were conducted for gas temperatures up to 200°C, gas flow rate from 0.1 to 2 LPM and percentage mixture of oxygen to fuel gases (Propane-nitrogen) from 0 to 30%. The flow stabilized corona discharge device under pulsed corona operations will be discussed. The results show that; (1) up to 40% of propane was converted to hydrogen, ethylene, methane, propylene and ethane etc.; (2) the hydrogen selectivity is near 50% of reformed gas; (3) soot free condition can be achieved with more then 3% of oxygen in the fuel gases at 200°C. The fundamental discharge characteristics of the discharge devices and soot formation characteristics will be discussed in detail.
Removal of PAHs from Creosote Oil Contaminated Soil by Addition of Concentrated H2O2 and Biodegradation
Authors: Aunola Tuomo A. , Goi Anna , Palmroth Marja R.T. , Langwaldt Jörg H. , Tuhkanen Tuula A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study describes the combined chemical, i.e. modified Fenton’s reaction, and aerobic biological removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in creosote oil contaminated soil. The initial concentration of eight selected PAHs (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene and chrysene) was 4 g/kg soil. The soil was rich in iron (16.4 g Fe/kg soil) and slightly acidic (pH 5-6). Therefore, no pH adjustment or iron addition was performed. Aged contaminated soil was treated with 30% H
Kinetics of Wet Oxidation Reactions
Authors: García-Molina Verónica , Barcardit Jordi , Kallas Juha , Esplugas Santiago 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this work the kinetics of Wet Oxidation reactions are taken under investigation. Two different types of wastewater were chosen, pulp and paper mill wastewater and model solutions containing 4-chlorophenol. Concerning Wet Oxidation of pulp and paper mill wastewater, two kinetic models were tested, the “Generalized Kinetic Model for Wet Oxidation of Organic Compounds” from Li, and the “Lumped Kinetic Model for Wastewater Organic Burden Biodegradability Prediction” proposed by Verenich and Kallas. The first model was found to be suitable to predict the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal throughout the reaction when working at the lowest temperatures i.e., 433-443 K. On the other hand, the kinetic model of Verenich and Kallas was able to predict the biodegradability of the wastewater throughout the reaction in all ranges of temperatures studied (433-473 K). Regarding the kinetics of Wet Oxidation reactions of solutions containing 4-chlorophenol, a model was suggested taking into account the existence of an induction period previous to the oxidation in which the hydroxyl radicals are generated. This model showed good performance when predicting the 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) concentration during the reaction.
Simultaneous Decomposition of Diesel Particulate Material and NOx Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Yamagata Yukihiko , Niho Koichiro , Jono Toshifumi , Kawagashira Yozo , Muraoka Katsunori 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe propose a new technique for simultaneous decomposition of diesel particulate material (DPM) and nitric oxides (NOx) exhausted from a diesel engine. DPM and NOx are collected in a reactor using an electrostatic precipitation and a honeycomb-shaped adsorbent, respectively. After the sufficient collections, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is generated in the closed space to condense and decompose DPM and NOx. DPM and NOx were decomposed simultaneously and effectively by the DBD, which act as the oxidant and reductant, respectively. It is considered that this technique is the most suitable for the decomposition of DPM and NOx with small concentration and high gas flow rate.
Piezoelectrical Properties of Plasma Layers Zn-Bi-O
Authors: Dopierała Daniel , Ziaja Jan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe paper presents specific piezoelectric properties of thin layers of zinc oxide modified with bismuth (Zn-Bi-O). The purpose of the presented work was to find the relation between the technological parameters of receiving thin films (density power deposited on target, reactive gas pressure, distance from the substrate to the target) and the piezoelectric properties d