bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between quantitative measures obtained using fluorescence‐based methods and activity status of occlusal caries lesions in primary molars
Authors: Novaes Tatiane Fernandes , Reyes Alessandra , Matos Ronilza , Antunes‐Pontes Laura Regina , Marques Renata Pereira de Samuel , Braga Mariana Minatel , Diniz Michele Baffi , Mendes Fausto Medeiros 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundFluorescence‐based methods (FBM) can add objectiveness to diagnosis strategy for caries. Few studies, however, have focused on the evaluation of caries activity.AimTo evaluate the association between quantitative measures obtained with FBM, clinical parameters acquired from the patients, caries detection, and assessment of activity status in occlusal surfaces of primary molars.DesignSix hundred and six teeth from 113 children (4–14 years) were evaluated. The presence of a biofilm, caries experience, and the number of active lesions were recorded. The teeth were assessed using FBM: DIAGNOdent pen (Lfpen) and Quantitative light‐induced fluorescence (QLF). As reference standard, all teeth were evaluated using the ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) associated with clinical activity assessments. Multilevel regressions compared the FBM values and evaluated the association between the FBM measures and clinical variables related to the caries activity.ResultsThe measures from the FBM were higher in cavitated lesions. Only, ∆F values distinguished active and inactive lesions. The LFpen measures were higher in active lesions, at the cavitated threshold (56.95 ± 29.60). Following regression analyses, only the presence of visible biofilm on occlusal surfaces (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.43) and ∆R values of the teeth (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.02) were associated with caries activity.ConclusionSome quantitative measures from FBM parameters are associated with caries activity evaluation, which is similar to the clinical evaluation of the presence of visible biofilm.
Analysis of stochastic local search methods for the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem
Authors: Santos Haroldo G. , Toffolo Túlio A.M. , Silva Cristiano L.T.F. , Vanden Berghe Greet 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis work addresses the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with sequence‐dependent setup times, in which a set of jobs must be scheduled for execution by one of the several available machines. Each job has a machine‐dependent processing time. Furthermore, given multiple jobs, there are additional setup times, which vary based on the sequence and machine employed. The objective is to minimize the schedule's completion time (makespan). The problem is NP‐hard and of significant practical relevance. The present paper investigates the performance of four different stochastic local search (SLS) methods designed for solving the particular scheduling problem: simulated annealing, iterated local search, late acceptance hill‐climbing, and step counting hill‐climbing. The analysis focuses on design questions, tuning effort, and optimization performance. Simple neighborhood structures are considered. All proposed SLS methods performed significantly better than two state‐of‐the‐art hybrid heuristics, especially for larger instances. Updated best‐known solutions were generated for 901 of the 1000 large benchmark instances considered, demonstrating that particular SLS methods are simple yet powerful alternatives to current approaches for addressing the problem. Implementations of the contributed algorithms have been made available to the research community.
Becoming Teacher: A/r/tographical Inquiry and Visualising Metaphor
Authors: Boulton Adrienne , Grauer Kit , L. Irwin Rita 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA great deal has been written about the representational use of metaphor to understand teacher candidates’/new teachers’ conceptions of teacher practice. This article will discuss recent research that explored secondary visual art teacher candidates’/new teachers’visualisingof visual metaphors to provoke their a/r/tographical inquiry into their perceptions of practice. This article engages with the Deleuzian conceptionbecomingas well as the ontology of difference to provoke the reimagination of metaphor in research. We offer new understandings about visualising the visual in research and the methodological implications of relational research practices.
Top 10 research priorities relating to stroke nursing: a rigorous approach to establish a national nurse‐led research agenda
Authors: Rowat Anne , Pollock Alex , St George Bridget , Cowey Eileen , Booth Joanne , Lawrence Maggie ,   the Scottish Stroke Nurses Forum (SSNF)
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo determine the top 10 research priorities specific to stroke nursing.BackgroundIt is important that stroke nurses build their research capability and capacity. This project built on a previous James Lind Alliance prioritization project, which established the shared stroke research priorities of stroke survivors, carers and health professionals.DesignResearch priority setting project using James Lind Alliance methods; a survey for interim prioritization and a consensus meeting for final priority setting.MethodsBetween September ‐ November 2014, stroke nurses were invited to select their top 10 priorities from a previously established list of 226 unique unanswered questions. These data were used to generate a list of shared research priorities (interim priority setting stage). A purposefully selected group of stroke nurses attended a final consensus meeting (April 2015) to determine the top 10 research priorities.ResultsDuring the interim prioritization stage, 97 stroke nurses identified 28 shared priority treatment uncertainties. At the final consensus meeting, 27 stroke nurses reached agreement on the top 10 stroke nursing research priorities. Five of the top 10 questions relate to stroke‐specific impairments and five relate to rehabilitation and long‐term consequences of stroke.ConclusionsThe research agenda for stroke nursing has now been clearly defined, facilitating nurses to undertake research, which is of importance to stroke survivors and carers and central to supporting optimal recovery and quality of life after stroke.
Ecological niche modelling and coalescent simulations to explore the recent geographical range history of five widespread bumblebee species in Europe
Authors: Dellicour Simon , Kastally Chedly , Varela Sara , Michez Denis , Rasmont Pierre , Mardulyn Patrick , Lecocq Thomas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimStudying the changes in species ranges during the last glaciation event is an important step towards the understanding of the observed patterns of intra‐specific genetic variability. We focused on bumblebees, an interesting biological model to address these questions because cold‐adapted species are likely to have experienced different geographical range histories during the last glacial period compared to more commonly studied, strictly temperate, species. We investigated and compared historical hypotheses regarding the geographical range of five common and co‐distributed West Palaearctic bumblebee species.LocationEurope, West Palaearctic.MethodsFor each species, we inferred present and past (Last Glacial Maximum) distributions from species occurrence records, and present and past climatic data, using the ecological niche modelling (ENM) approach implemented inMaxent. Based on genetic data previously obtained from the sequencing of three gene fragments (mitochondrial locusCOIand two nuclear lociEF‐1αandPEPCK), we then compared global and local patterns of genetic variation using several summary statistics as well as a visual mapping of genetic variation. Finally, we used a spatially explicit model ofDNAsequence coalescence to test and compare four evolutionary scenarios derived from ENM results and patterns of genetic diversity.ResultsEcological niche modelling results based on climatic data clearly suggested a range continuum in Europe during the last glaciation. Yet, the related evolutionary scenario involving such continuum was less supported than alternative scenarios involving a more fragmented distribution. Indeed, for the three out of five species for which genetic data allowed discriminating among tested scenarios, the scenario that included a fragmented range during the last glaciation was identified as the most likely.Main conclusionsAlthough ENM suggested that bumblebees would have maintained a range continuum across Europe during the last glaciation, coalescent simulations tended to refute the persistence of a large range continuum for these species during this period. This suggests that even for cold‐adapted species, the cooling periods have significantly shrunk and fragmented their respective ranges.
The combined influence of riverine barriers and flooding gradients on biogeographical patterns for amphibians and squamates in south‐eastern Amazonia
Authors: Moraes Leandro J. C. L. , Pavan Dante , Barros Maria C. , Ribas Camila C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimOur aim was to investigate how the distance to water (flooding gradients) and riverine barriers (Tapajós and Jamanxim rivers) influence the distributional patterns of amphibian and squamate assemblages in the middle Tapajós River region, south‐eastern Amazonia. We also considered the planned hydroelectric dams on both rivers in reviewing the possible impacts of these factors on the amphibian and squamate assemblages.LocationMiddle Tapajós River system, south‐eastern Amazonia.MethodsWe conducted diurnal and nocturnal surveys combining pitfall traps and active searches along both banks of the Tapajós and Jamanxim rivers. We identified specimens using an integrative morphological, acoustic, ecological and molecular approach and evaluated the influence of riverine barriers and distance to water using uni‐ and multivariate ordinations, regressions and ANOVA.ResultsWe found changes in species composition for both groups along the flooding gradient and differential riverine barrier effects. The rivers restricted the distribution of 33% of the amphibian species and 8% of the squamates. For amphibians, the main distributional barrier was the Tapajós River, while for squamates both rivers were of similar importance. The assemblages most affected by riverine barriers were non‐riparian amphibians and squamates, as well as riparian amphibians associated with small streams. The functional groups most affected were small, diurnal terrestrial amphibians and small–medium, diurnal partly tree‐dwelling squamates.Main conclusionsThe Tapajós River is a distributional boundary for lineages centred in western and eastern Amazonia. The fact that many taxa occur on both banks suggests that the Tapajós is a recent or semi‐permeable barrier, while the Jamanxim is an even more recent or weaker barrier. Anthropogenic activities that affect water level, flooding cycles and river flow may influence these natural patterns and cause changes to the equilibrium of the riverine barrier effect. Studies seeking to identify these influences should focus on the most affected functional groups.
Habitat diversity predicts orchid diversity in the tropical south‐west Pacific
Authors: Keppel Gunnar , Gillespie Thomas W. , Ormerod Paul , Fricker Geoffrey A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo determine if habitat diversity, as estimated by climatic and topographic variables, can predict patterns of orchid diversity on different islands and archipelagos with similar explanatory power to biogeographical variables, such as area, isolation and age of an island.LocationSixty‐three islands on eight archipelagos (Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Niue and the Cook Islands) in the south‐west Pacific.MethodsFor each island, we determined the orchid species present, age, area, isolation, and indicators of topographic heterogeneity and climatic variability. We then determined the power of various biogeographical, climatic and topographic variables to predict the number of indigenous and endemic species on archipelagos, and on islands within archipelagos, using generalized linear models (GLMs) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) respectively.ResultsWe identified a total of 552 species in 110 genera. Area was the only significant biogeographical variable for predicting patterns of orchid species diversity on archipelagos and islands. However, climatic and topographic predictors of habitat diversity performed similarly well. The range in curvature was the best indicator of species richness from the topographic variables, while the range of temperature was the best climatic predictor. These key variables were often strongly correlated with area.Main conclusionsClimatic and topographic variables are useful indicators of habitat diversity. The high explanatory power of area and climatic and topographic predictors, and the strong correlation among these variables, suggests that increasing habitat diversity with increasing area may be the major driver of the species–area relationship. Using climatic and topographic variables as predictors of species richness therefore allows determining the key environmental factors and processes driving species diversity.
Abrupt late Pleistocene ecological and climate change on Tahiti (French Polynesia)
Authors: Prebble Matthew , Whitau Rose , Meyer Jean‐Yves , Sibley‐Punnett Llewellyn , Fallon Stewart , Porch Nick 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo reconstruct ecological changes from the fossil record of a unique wetland on the tropical oceanic island of Tahiti, between 44.5 and 38 cal. kyr bp.LocationVaifanaura'amo'ora, Tamanu Plateau, Punaru'u Valley, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia (17°38′S, 149°32′50″E).MethodsFossil pollen, spores, seeds, diatoms and invertebrates were examined from a 3.7 m core consisting of Pleistocene‐aged algal sediment overlain by late Holocene peat.ResultsBetween 44.5 and 41.5 cal. kyr bp, Ficus trees, sub‐shrubs including Sigesbeckia orientalis L., the C4 grass species Paspalum vaginatum Sw., and extinct Pritchardia palms dominated the Vaifanaura'amo'ora wetland. This vegetation association is no longer present in the tropical oceanic Pacific islands. After 41.5 cal. kyr bp, the climate rapidly became drier and cooler with grasses, sedges and ferns dominating the vegetation. Algal sediment accumulation ceased after 38 cal. kyr bp due to prolonged dry climate conditions recorded across the Pacific Ocean. Sediment accumulation recommenced in the late Holocene.Main conclusionsThe ecological responses identified from Tahiti provide evidence counter to the prevailing view that the tropical oceans buffered the ecological effects of abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period.
Ecological divergence of two closely related Roscoea species associated with late Quaternary climate change
Authors: Zhao Jian‐Li , Gugger Paul F. , Xia Yong‐Mei , Li Qing‐Jun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimEcological differentiation of closely related species has attracted wide attention to explore its evolutionary significance in speciation. In particular, the prevalence of ecological speciation of sister species driven by Quaternary climate changes is debated. Here, we used two parapatric sister species, Roscoea humeana and R. cautleoides, to test whether ecological speciation was associated with Quaternary climate changes in these taxa.LocationHengduan‐Mountain Region (HMR), south‐west of China.MethodsNuclear ribosomal (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA: psbA–trnH and trnL–trnF) were sequenced from 200 individuals. Gene genealogies were reconstructed using network, Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. Interspecific divergence times were estimated with an isolation with migration model. Suitable habitats for each species were estimated with ecological niche modelling using Maxent and BIOCLIM. Niche overlap and niche divergence were tested using Schoener's D and Warren's I. Principal components analysis (PCA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were also used to test ecological differentiation.ResultsGene genealogies indicated that the low‐elevational species R. cautleoides was derived from the high‐elevational species R. humeana. Divergence among species occurred during the middle to late Quaternary (0.01–1.48 Ma). The species distribution and phylogeographical pattern were inconsistent with a geographical barrier. Niche models and statistical analyses showed significant ecological differentiation.Main conclusionsDivergence between R. humeana and R. cautleoides was recent and coincident with Quaternary climate cycles. Ecological niche differentiation within Quaternary refugia may have promoted speciation.
Frequent daytime naps predict vocabulary growth in early childhood
Authors: Horváth Klára , Plunkett Kim 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe facilitating role of sleep for language learning is well‐attested in adults and to a lesser extent in infants and toddlers. However, the longitudinal relationship between sleep patterns and early vocabulary development is not well understood.MethodsThis study investigates how measures of sleep are related to the development of vocabulary size in infants and toddlers. Day and night‐time sleeping patterns of infants and toddlers were compared with their concurrent and subsequent vocabulary development. Sleep assessments were conducted using a sleep diary specifically designed to facilitate accurate parental report. Sleep measures were used as predictors in a multilevel growth curve analysis of vocabulary development.ResultsThe number of daytime naps was positively associated with both predicted expressive (p = .062) and receptive vocabulary growth (p = .006), whereas the length of night‐time sleep was negatively associated with rate of predicted expressive vocabulary growth (p = .045). Sleep efficiency was also positively associated with both predicted receptive (p = .001) and expressive vocabulary growth (p = .068).ConclusionsThese results point to a longitudinal relationship between sleep and language development, with a particular emphasis on the importance of napping at this age.
A randomized, embedded trial of pre‐notification of trial participation did not increase recruitment rates to a falls prevention trial
Authors: Arundel Catherine , Jefferson Laura , Bailey Matthew , Cockayne Sarah , Hicks Kate , Loughrey Lorraine , Rodgers Sara , Torgerson David J ,   on behalf of the REFORM study team
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo design and evaluate the effectiveness of a pre‐notification leaflet about research to increase recruitment to a randomized controlled trial (RCT).MethodsA methodological, two‐arm, RCT was conducted, embedded within an existing cohort RCT (REFORM). Participants were randomized for the embedded trial, using a 1:2 ratio (intervention : control) before being randomized for REFORM. Controls received a trial recruitment pack. The intervention group received an additional pre‐notification leaflet 2–3 weeks before the recruitment pack. Primary and secondary analyses were conducted using relative risk, the Cox proportional hazards model and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios.ResultsOf the 1436 intervention group participants, 73 (5.1%) were randomized into the REFORM trial compared with 126 (4.4%) of the 2878 control group participants. The associated relative risk (1.16) was not statistically significant [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–1.56]. Return rate was not significantly increased (relative risk 1.10, 95% CI 0.92–1.28) nor time to return decreased (hazard ratio: 1.11, 95% CI 0.93–1.33). Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios indicated the intervention may be cost‐effective if the true estimate of effect was close to the upper bound of the associated 95% CI.ConclusionPre‐notification for potential trial participants demonstrated a small difference to randomization (0.7% difference) and return rates (1.1% difference) in favour of the intervention. Results should however be interpreted with caution as CIs for these estimates cross the point of no effect. Nevertheless, this research enhances existing evidence for pre‐notification to increase recruitment rates, with further development and assessment of this potentially cost‐effective intervention being recommended.
Frailty Index and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Data from the Impact of Cholinergic Treatment USe Study
Authors: Kelaiditi Eirini , Canevelli Marco , Andrieu Sandrine , Del Campo Natalia , Soto Maria E. , Vellas Bruno , Cesari Matteo ,   the Impact of Cholinergic Treatment Use Study/DSA Group
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether the Frailty Index (FI) was associated with short‐term cognitive decline (according to changes in Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog) scores at 1‐year follow‐up) in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingImpact of Cholinergic Treatment USe study.ParticipantsIndividuals with mild‐to‐moderate AD (N = 973).MeasurementsSeverity of dementia was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). FI was calculated as the ratio of actual to potential deficits (deficits present divided by 30). Linear regression analyses were performed and stratified according to severity of dementia.ResultsA 1‐unit (0.033 points) increase in FI corresponded to significant and clinically relevant cognitive decline, after adjustments for age, sex, and years of education (0.63–4.63 points on the MMSE, P = .01; 2.87–11.1 points on the ADAS‐Cog, P = .001) after 1 year of follow‐up. Differences in changes in MMSE and ADAS‐Cog scores between nonfrail and frail individuals were 0.67 and 1.6 points, respectively. Although statistically significant, the clinical relevance of this finding remains to be further investigated.ConclusionThe FI may be a promising instrument for the assessment of the vulnerability of individuals with AD. Its implementation in clinical practice may support clinical decisions by identifying individuals at high risk of negative outcomes, specifically, short‐term cognitive decline.
Ten‐Year Prevalence and Incidence of Urinary Incontinence in Older Women: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Erekson Elisabeth A. , Cong Xiangyu , Townsend Mary K. , Ciarleglio Maria M. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo measure the incidence of urinary incontinence (UI) over 10 years in older women who did not report UI at baseline in 1998, to estimate the prevalence of female UI according to severity and type, and to explore potential risk factors for development of UI.DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective cohort.SettingHealth and Retirement Study.ParticipantsWomen participating in the Health and Retirement Study between 1998 and 2008 who did not have UI at baseline (1998).MeasurementsUI was defined as an answer of “yes” to the question, “During the last 12 months, have you lost any amount of urine beyond your control?” UI was characterized according to severity (according to the Sandvik Severity Index) and type (according to International Continence Society definitions) at each biennial follow‐up between 1998 and 2008.ResultsIn 1998, 5,552 women aged 51 to 74 reported no UI. The cumulative incidence of UI in older women was 37.2% (95% confidence interval (CI)=36.0–38.5%). The most common incontinence type at the first report of leakage was mixed UI (49.1%, 95% CI=46.5–51.7%), and women commonly reported their symptoms at first leakage as moderate to severe (46.4%, 95% CI=43.8–49.0%).ConclusionDevelopment of UI in older women was common and tended to result in mixed type and moderate to severe symptoms.