bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of capture–recapture models to evaluate abundance and dynamics of a stocked Muskellunge population
Authors: Shroyer Steven M. , Hodgins Nathaniel C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the success of a stocking program in Fox Lake, Minnesota, adult (≥76 cm total length) Muskellunge were captured with large nearshore trap nets and individually marked with passive integrated transponder tags during the 2011–2013 and 2015–2017 spawning seasons; then, capture–recapture data were analyzed at two different time scales. Despite substantial sampling effort, daily capture histories within a single season only supported closed‐population abundance estimates for both sexes in half the years; estimates were imprecise, and there was evidence of trap shyness or violation of the short‐term closure assumption in some years. Jolly–Seber models over all years supported relatively precise abundance estimates for both sexes every year, as well as estimates of annual survival, recruitment, and population growth rate. Link–Barker Jolly–Seber models provided estimates of population growth rate λ ≈ 1 indicating that per‐capita annual recruitment rates of only about 0.15–0.20 were adequate to maintain the adult population given the high annual apparent survival rates of 0.80 for adult females and 0.89 for adult males. POPAN Jolly–Seber models revealed that about 80 adult females and 90–126 adult males were vulnerable to capture each year in the 385 ha lake, and about 16–18 fish of each sex recruited to the adult population annually. This study illustrates the importance of open‐population models with multiple years of data to evaluate the abundance and population dynamics of a low‐density, long‐lived species.
Nitrogen credits after peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Mulvaney Michael J. , Iboyi Joseph E. , Balkcom Kipling S. , Jordan David , Zurweller Brendan , Jani Arun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractState‐level cooperative extension services provide fertilizer recommendations for row crops in the United States. Of these, nitrogen (N) recommendations are arguably the most important because N is the most common yield‐limiting nutrient in nonlegume crop production systems. Throughout the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing region of the United States, Cooperative Extension Services generally recommends 22–67 kg N/ha credit to crops following peanut, likely due to the assumption that peanut, being a legume, contributes N to the following crop. The body of peer‐reviewed literature indicates that N credits from peanut to the subsequent crop are negligible. Recent literature indicates that apparent differences in yield following peanut compared to a nonlegume are a result of nonlegume crop residue favoring N immobilization rather than N mineralization from peanut residue. Taken together, recent research corroborates the few previous scientific publications addressing the issue, namely, that cooperative extension service recommendations to reduce N fertilization to crops after peanut are not supported by the peer‐reviewed literature. Future field research should include summer fallows to determine if yield differences between legumes and nonlegumes are due to N credits by the legume or N immobilization by nonlegumes. Data on N loss pathways following peanut are needed to identify management strategies that can mitigate N losses after peanut harvest. In conclusion, the preponderance of peer‐reviewed science does not support current Extension recommendations regarding peanut N credits to the following crop.
Double Teeth and Coexistent Anomalies: Examples From Continental Africa
Authors: Irish Joel D. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesWhether gemination or fusion, double teeth are rare worldwide, including Africa based on few published data. New cases from the continent are tallied, and anomalies potentially associated with double teeth are identified. These findings should interest a range of dental researchers.MethodsThe presence of double teeth was recorded in 97 modern and premodern North and sub‐Saharan African samples (5631 inds.). They and coexistent anomalies are described relative to published examples. Prevalence was estimated as possible, using a Poisson model for 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThree maxillary double teeth were identified: a primary left lateral incisor in a Nubian child (1938–1756 BC), permanent left central incisor in an adult Egyptian (3650–3500 BC), and permanent right central incisor in a modern (19th century) adult from Guinea. Each co‐occurs, respectively, with a talon cusp, peg lateral incisor and, in the latter individual, second premolar crown variation with rotation, and third molar dens evaginatus. Double tooth prevalence is 0.048% (CI 0.001%–0.270%), with regional variation, in premodern, and 0.000% in modern North Africans. It is 0.000% for premodern and 0.048% for modern sub‐Saharan Africans (0.008%–1.714%).ConclusionsThe double incisors are comparable to other global examples, indicative of common developmental processes during odontogenesis. Prevalence is lower than published modern rates, to suggest some exceptionality in Africans as reported earlier for other dental variants. Finally, though circumstantial, double teeth and accompanying anomalies may share an etiology. Continuing research overall, and in Africa specifically, will promote an improved understanding of double teeth formation and expression.
Vinylene‐Linked Donor‐π‐Acceptor Metal‐Covalent Organic Framework for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Shanshan , Gao Chaomin , Yu Haihan , Wang Yuwen , Wang Shuai , Ding Wenwen , Zhang Lina , Yu Jinghua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntramolecular charge separation driving force and linkage chemistry between building blocks are critical factors for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of metal‐covalent organic framework (MCOF) based photocatalyst. However, robust achieving both simultaneously has yet to be challenging despite ongoing efforts. Here we develop a fully π‐conjugated vinylene‐linked multivariate donor‐π‐acceptor MCOF (D‐π‐A, termed UJN‐1) by integrating benzyl cyanides linker with multiple functional building blocks of electron‐rich triphenylamine and electron‐deficient copper‐cyclic trinuclear units (Cu‐CTUs) moieties, featuring with strong intramolecular charge separation driving force, extended conjugation degree of skeleton, and abundant active sites. The incorporation of Cu‐CTUs acceptor with electron‐withdrawing ability and concomitantly giant charge separation driving force can efficiently accelerate the photogenerated electrons transfer from triphenylamine to Cu‐CTUs, revealing by experiments and theoretical calculations. Benefiting from the synergistically effect of D‐π‐A configuration and vinylene linkage, the highly‐efficient charge spatial separation is achieved. Consequently, UJN‐1 exhibits an excellent CO formation rate of 114.8 μmol g−1 in 4 h without any co‐catalysts or sacrificial reagents under visible light, outperforming those analogous MCOFs with imine‐linked (UJN‐2, 28.9 μmol g−1) and vinylene‐linked COF without Cu‐CTU active sites (UJN‐3, 50.0 μmol g−1), emphasizing the role of charge separation driving force and linkage chemistry in designing novel COFs‐based photocatalyst.
Multicentric Water‐Stabilized Lanthanide Coordination Polymers for the Highly Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Riboflavin
Authors: Zhou Zixuan , Jiang Yuhan , Luo Xin , Zhang Ying , Wang Lei , Sun Yaguang , Liu Jingwei , Zhu Mingchang , Cao Jinchao , Wu Shuangyan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMilk, owing to its nutritional value, is a staple commodity in daily life. Ensuring its integrity and authenticity is paramount for researchers and the food industry. To evaluate spoilage and adulteration of milk, we proposed a robust and reliable optical method to guarantee milk quality by utilizing riboflavin as an internal biomarker. By precisely controlling the content of Eu3+, Tb3+, and Gd3+ ions, a two‐dimensional ratiometric luminescence lanthanide coordination polymer (Ln‐CP) with adjustable emission centers was synthesized for the detection of riboflavin (RF), leveraging a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. This method demonstrates high sensitivity and selectivity towards RF and has been successfully applied to the detection of RF in both milk and calf serum.
Surface modification of sodium hyaluronate with ferulic acid to enhance its application performance
Authors: Zhang Qianjie , Wang Pingli , Zhang Dongmei , Zheng Shilian , Zhang Wanping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) is a mucopolysaccharide alternately linked by glucuronic acid and n‐acetylglucosamine, which is usually used as a moisturizer in cosmetics. In this study, HA derivative (FA‐HA) was prepared by modifying sodium hyaluronate with ferulic acid (FA). The chemical and morphological structure of FA‐HA were characterized by UV, FTIR, 1H‐NMR, DLS and TEM. The results showed that FA was grafted onto HA chains via ester bonds and self‐assembled into nanoparticles in aqueous solution. The introduction of FA endowed the nanoparticles with antioxidant function. The FRAP value of 10 mg/mL FA‐HA was 1.985 mM, and the clearance rate of O2−, DPPH+ and ABTS+ could reach 83.13%, 88.86% and 99.48% respectively. Moreover, FA‐HA can be used as Pickering emulsifiers to stabilize the emulsion. The results showed that the size of emulsion droplets decreased as the concentration of FA‐HA increased. When the mass ratio of oil to water was 7/3, the emulsion droplets were the smallest. The addition of sodium chloride will increase the size of emulsion droplets, destroying the stability of the emulsion. In addition, FA‐HA was also universal and was capable of emulsifying alkanes, esters, and natural oils, which was expected to be applied in the cosmetics and food fields.
Wash‐stable electrospun piezopolymer textiles
Authors: Jiao Yuxin , Alsup Zachary , Sepasi Zahra , Mosadegh Mahdi , Khakzad Moein , Minary‐Jolandan Majid 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSmart textiles are currently being pursued for actuation and sensing for their potential to directly incorporate “intelligence” into the fabric, in contrast to wearable technologies. In smart textiles, smart materials (e.g., piezoelectric) are formed into yarns that are woven into fabrics for clothing. One immediate requirement for such textiles is their stability during washing cycles, as expected of any clothing items, which has been largely lacking so far. Here, we investigate the washing stability of nanofibrous piezoelectric textiles. Our results reveal that electrospun textiles exhibit remarkable structural stability from the fiber microstructure to the textile level. Overall fiber crystalline composition and electroactive phase remain stable within 1% of ~47% and ~85%, respectively. Mechanically, the textile displays sustained performance, with only negligible changes observed. The yield strain and stress only show a ~8% and 9% differences, respectively. Moreover, piezoelectric stability is confirmed through phase preservation and slight variation in voltage output of ~6%. These results prove the candidacy that the processing of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers to woven textiles is applicable to the demands of smart textiles, which is expected to accelerate the commercialization of such textiles for wearable robotics and health monitoring.
Encapsulating montmorillonite and ammonium polyphosphate in one polyurea microcapsule to improve flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of polypropylene composites
Authors: Jiang Licong , Ren Liyuan , Zhang Yongsheng , Zhou Weiliang , Wang Xinlong , Xiao Leqin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAmmonium polyphosphate (APP) and montmorillonite (MMT) have been widely used in the flame‐retardant of polypropylene (PP), but the low synergistic flame‐retardant efficiency and their poor compatibility with PP matrix need to be greatly improved. In this work, APP and MMT were encapsulated in the one microcapsule (PU@A‐M) at the determined optimal ratio through the “bridging” reactions of diethylenetriamine (DETA) with APP and MMT. Compared with the PP/A + M composites with the physical mixture of APP and MMT, the limiting oxygen index, peak of heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of PP/PU@A‐M were decreased by 5.7%, 48.8%, 3.1%, and 20%, respectively. The well‐dispersed PU@A‐M with charring‐forming agent (CFA) generated continuous and compact char layers with COP, COSi, and SiOP crosslinking structure. Furthermore, the tensile strength and elongation at break of PP/PU@A‐M were enhanced by 4.8% and 36.9%, respectively, as compared with PP/A + M because of good dispersibility and compatibility of PU@A‐M in PP matrix.
Self‐cleaning films of biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate with different semiconductors incorporation: Development, characterization, and photocatalytic activity evaluation
Authors: Capello L. , Arsufi A. B. L. , Lansarin M. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSelf‐cleaning hydrophobic films were developed using polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), enhanced with titanium dioxide (TiO2), bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI), and a BiOI/α‐Fe2O3 heterojunction. This is the first study to analyze the photoactivity of BiOI and BiOI/α‐Fe2O3 immobilized into PHB. Alternative solvents for dissolving PHB were investigated. Additionally, formation methods such as casting in Petri dishes, as well as controlled thickness casting through non‐solvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS), and evaporation‐induced phase separation (EIPS), were employed and compared. Despite differing morphologies, both NIPS and EIPS films exhibited similar photocatalytic activity, suggesting that only the catalyst on the external surface of the film is active. The highest pseudo first‐order apparent kinetic constant (0.1468 ± 0.0015 min−1 g−1) was found in films with the lowest polymer and catalyst concentrations analyzed (5% and 3% ). A double‐layer film preparation method was proposed to enhance photocatalytic activity, resulting in a 70% increase in the kinetic constant (0.2506 ± 0.0019 min−1 g−1). Double‐layer composite films with BiOI and BiOI/α‐Fe2O3 showed photocatalytic activity comparable to TiO2 under UV–visible light. Furthermore, their photocatalytic activity under visible light was confirmed, unlike TiO2, which exhibits a negligible kinetic constant in this wavelength range.
Optimizing Prussian Blue Analogues for Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Advanced Strategies
Authors: Hu Zihao , Zhang Bo , Zhang Hehe , Ma Yanjiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), with the merits of abundant resources and low cost, have rapidly garnered attention as a potential candidate for large‐scale energy storage. Among the various contenders, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are considered one of the most suitable cathode materials owing to their relatively easy and economical synthesis as well as the three‐dimensional open framework which facilitates fast potassium ions intercalation without causing drastic volume expansion. Despite these advantages, integrating PBA as a cathode material for PIBs presents substantial challenges, which hinder their further practical applications. Herein, a fundamental review on the development and advance of PBAs in PIBs is presented with the elucidation of their synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and optimization strategies. Particularly, key areas of focus include regulating crystal structures, doping transition metals, engineering interfaces, and employing innovative techniques such as high‐entropy approaches are highlighted. Finally, critical perspectives for future development of PBAs toward practical potassium‐based energy storage devices are proposed.
Rückverankerung beim Durchtrennen historischer Spannglieder
Authors: Betz Peter , Pech Jenny , Diers Johannes , Schacht Gregor , Marx Steffen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImmer häufiger werden Spannbetonbrücken in Deutschland zurückgebaut. Problematisch ist dabei in der Regel die ungenügende Kenntnis über die Eigenschaften der verbauten Bestandsmaterialien. Insbesondere der Zustand der Spannglieder und des Verpressmörtels lässt sich nur schwer feststellen. Im Zuge des Rückbaus kann eine Durchtrennung der Spannglieder abseits der Koppelfugen aus bauablaufsbedingten Gründen von Vorteil sein. Voraussetzung für die Sicherstellung der Tragsicherheit des Rückbauabschnitts ist eine erfolgreiche Verbundverankerung der Spannglieder mit dem umgebenden Verpressmörtel, dem Hüllrohr und dem Beton. Neben einem guten Zustand der Spannglieder und des Verpressmörtels ist eine ausreichende Kenntnis dieses Verbundverhaltens daher essentiell. Angaben zu den Verbundeigenschaften des bei der Talbrücke Unterrieden verbauten Spannstahls ließen sich in der Literatur jedoch kaum finden. Daher wurden während des Rückbaus der Talbrücke Unterrieden Untersuchungen zur Erkundung des Zustands der Spannglieder durchgeführt. Dazu gehörten Rückdehnungsmessungen zur Ermittlung der vorhandenen Vorspannung und Zugversuche an Spannstäben, die im Anschluss an die Rückdehnungsmessungen aus dem Bauwerk entnommen wurden. Weiterhin wurden Verbundprobekörper aus der Brücke entnommen und im Labor getestet, um Rückschlüsse auf das Verankerungsverhalten der Spannglieder ziehen zu können. Anhand dieser Untersuchungen sollen die in der Rückbauplanung getroffenen Annahmen verifiziert werden.
Beton mit 100 % rezyklierter Gesteinskörnung – Erfahrungsbericht zu acht Praxisprojekten
Authors: Wild Peter , Kustermann Andrea , Stengel Thorsten 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird über acht Anwendungsbeispiele aus der Praxis für Beton mit 100 % rezyklierter Gesteinskörnung berichtet. Die Anwendungen umfassen bewehrte/unbewehrte Bohrpfähle, Fundamente, tragende Innen‐/Außenwände, Stützen und Deckenplatten sowie frei bewitterte Fertigteile. Einige Bauteile wurden als Sichtbeton ausgeführt. Das jeweilige Projekt wird zusammen mit den Ergebnissen der Betonentwicklung und Betonprüfung sowie den Erfahrungen aus der Erwirkung der Zustimmungen im Einzelfall zusammengefasst. Auf Basis der Erkenntnisse aus den verschiedenen Praxisprojekten kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsfällen, bislang begrenzt auf bis zu XC4 und XF3, Beton mit 100 % RC‐GK verwendet werden kann. Druckfestigkeiten für Ortbeton bis C35/45 mit guter Verarbeitbarkeit auch bei Pumpbeton (hier: Pumpstrecke 40 m) unter Verwendung von 100 % RC‐GK Typ 1 waren problemlos möglich. Für Fertigteile wurde ein Beton mit ausreichender Frühfestigkeit und einer Endfestigkeit von C40/50 entwickelt. In zwei Beispielen wurde für die grobe Kornfraktion RC‐GK Typ 2 und für den Sand RC‐GK Typ 1 verwendet. Alle vorgestellten Projekte sind bereits abgeschlossen oder befinden sich kurz vor Abschluss. Die Machbarkeit von 100 % R‐Beton in der Praxis konnte somit in mehreren Fällen erfolgreich aufgezeigt werden. Ziel ist dabei nicht, ausschließlich den Einsatz von Beton mit 100 % RC‐GK zu propagieren, sondern zur Verwendung von RC‐GK grundsätzlich zu motivieren.
Eine modulare Segmentbrücke mit thermisch umgeformter Carbonbewehrung
Authors: Rettinger Martin , Zernsdorf Kai , Wilhelm Kai , Hückler Alex , Schlaich Mike 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModulares Bauen ermöglicht die serielle Vorfertigung von Bauelementen und verlagert Herstellungsprozesse von der Baustelle in die geschützte Umgebung des Fertigteilwerks. In einer Serienfertigung mit hinreichenden Stückzahlen wird die Rationalisierung, Digitalisierung und Automatisierung von Fertigungsprozessen wirtschaftlich und Skaleneffekte können ausgeschöpft werden. Bei der konstruktiven Umsetzung von modularen Baustrukturen steht der entwerfende Ingenieur vor der Herausforderung, diese in sinnvolle Module zu gliedern und Fügestellen tragfähig und dauerhaft auszubilden. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt einen Modularisierungsansatz auf Basis der Segmentbauweise vor und beschreibt den Entwurf, die konstruktive Durchbildung und die Segmentherstellung einer 8,10 m langen Versuchsbrücke. Um besonders materialeffiziente und dünnwandige Betonquerschnitte ausbilden zu können und das Risiko der Bewehrungskorrosion zu vermeiden, werden hierbei nichtmetallische Carbonbewehrungen verwendet. Die Formgebung der Bewehrungselemente, welche derzeit noch eine technische Hürde in der Anwendung von Carbonbeton darstellt, wurde mithilfe von neulich entwickelten Verfahren des thermischen Umformens umgesetzt. Mit der Realisierung einer modularen Segmentbrücke mit thermisch umgeformter Carbonbewehrung möchten die Autoren zur Entwicklung von technischen Lösungen für modulare Tragstrukturen beitragen sowie neuartige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von nichtmetallischen Bewehrungen aufzeigen.
Vitamin K3 derivative inhibits androgen receptor signaling in targeting aggressive prostate cancer cells
Authors: Chinnapaka Somaiah , Bakthavachalam Velavan , Dasari Subramanyam , Kannan Jhishnuraj , Sapkota Sworaj , Kumar Raj , Munirathinam Gnanasekar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the second critical cause of cancer‐related deaths, with African Americans dying at higher rates in the U.S. The main reasons for the higher mortality rate are ethnic differences and lack of understanding of prostate cancer biology and affordable treatments, as well as the financial burden of African American men to obtain the most effective and safe treatments. The effect of micronutrients, including Vitamin K, on various cancer cell lines has been widely studied, but the potential anticancer effect of VK3‐OCH3, an analog of vitamin K3 (Menadione), on African American prostate cancer has not been evaluated. In this study, we compared the anticancer effect of VK3‐OCH3 on targeting African American derived PCa cell lines namely RC77‐T and MDA‐PCa‐2b. Our results show that VK3‐OCH3 significantly inhibits the proliferation of both RC77‐T and MDA‐PCa‐2b African American PCa cells and promotes apoptosis, and the underlying mechanism of cell death appears to be similar in both the cell lines. Notably, VK3‐OCH3 inhibits colony‐forming ability and induces apoptosis by blocking the cell cycle at G0 in African American PCa cells. VK3‐OCH3 also acts as an anti‐metastatic agent by inhibiting the migration ability of the metastatic properties of African American PCa cells. The cell death of African American PCa cells mediated by VK3‐OCH3 is associated with the production of free radicals, such as intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, antioxidants such as N‐Acetylcysteine (NAC) and Glutathione (GSH) effectively negated the oxidative stress induced by VK3‐OCH3 on PCa cell lines derived from African American patients. Of note, VK3‐OCH3 reduces androgen receptor and prostate‐specific antigen expression in these PCa cells. Furthermore, molecular dynamic studies reiterated that VK3‐OCH3 strongly binds to the androgen receptor, suggesting that the androgen receptor is the potential molecular target of VK3‐OCH3. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that VK3‐OCH3 reduces the expression of androgen receptor, TRX2, and anti‐apoptotic signaling molecules such as Bcl‐2 and TCTP in the MDA‐PCa‐2b metastatic PCa cellular model. In conclusion, our results suggested that VK3‐OCH3 is a promising anticancer agent that could potentially reduce the mortality rates of African American PCa patients, warranting further preclinical and translational studies.