bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic ordering induced giant optical property change in tetragonal BiFeO3
Authors: Tong Wen-Yi , Ding Hang-Chen , Gong Shi Jing , Wan Xiangang , Duan Chun-Gang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMagnetic ordering could have significant influence on band structures, spin-dependent transport and other important properties of materials. Its measurement, especially for the case of antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering, however, is generally difficult to be achieved. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of magnetic ordering detection using a noncontact and nondestructive optical method. Taking the tetragonal BiFeO3 (BFO) as an example and combining density functional theory calculations with tight-binding models, we find that when BFO changes from C1-type to G-type AFM phase, the top of valance band shifts from the Z point to Γ point, which makes the original direct band gap become indirect. This can be explained by Slater-Koster parameters using the Harrison approach. The impact of magnetic ordering on band dispersion dramatically changes the optical properties. For the linear ones, the energy shift of the optical band gap could be as large as 0.4 eV. As for the nonlinear ones, the change is even larger. The second-harmonic generation coefficient d33 of G-AFM becomes more than 13 times smaller than that of C1-AFM case. Finally, we propose a practical way to distinguish the two AFM phases of BFO using the optical method, which is of great importance in next-generation information storage technologies.
The Cerato-Platanin protein Epl-1 from Trichoderma harzianum is involved in mycoparasitism, plant resistance induction and self cell wall protection
Authors: Gomes Eriston Vieira , Costa Mariana do Nascimento , de Paula Renato Graciano , Ricci de Azevedo Rafael , da Silva Francilene Lopes , Noronha Eliane F. , José Ulhoa Cirano , Neves Monteiro Valdirene , Elena Cardoza Rosa , Gutiérrez Santiago , Nascimento Silva Roberto 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTrichoderma harzianum species are well known as biocontrol agents against important fungal phytopathogens. Mycoparasitism is one of the strategies used by this fungus in the biocontrol process. In this work, we analyzed the effect of Epl-1 protein, previously described as plant resistance elicitor, in expression modulation of T. harzianum genes involved in mycoparasitism process against phytopathogenic fungi; self cell wall protection and recognition; host hyphae coiling and triggering expression of defense-related genes in beans plants. The results indicated that the absence of Epl-1 protein affects the expression of all mycoparasitism genes analyzed in direct confrontation assays against phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as well as T. harzianum itself; the host mycoparasitic coiling process and expression modulation of plant defense genes showing different pattern compared with wild type strain. These data indicated the involvement T. harzianum Epl-1 in self and host interaction and also recognition of T. harzianum as a symbiotic fungus by the bean plants.
Nanoporous CuS with excellent photocatalytic property
Authors: Xu Wence , Zhu Shengli , Liang Yanqin , Li Zhaoyang , Cui Zhenduo , Yang Xianjin , Inoue Akihisa 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present the rational synthesis of nanoporous CuS for the first time by chemical dealloying method. The morphologies of the CuS catalysts are controlled by the composition of the original amorphous alloys. Nanoporous Cu2S is firstly formed during the chemical dealloying process and then the Cu2S transforms into CuS. The nanoporous CuS exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB). The excellent photocatalytic activity of the nanoporous CuS is mainly attributed to the large specific surface area, high adsorbing capacity of dyes and low recombination of the photo generated electrons and holes. In the photo degradation process, both chemical and photo generated hydroxyl radicals are generated. The hydroxyl radicals are favor in the oxidation of the dye molecules. The present modified dealloying method may be extended for the preparation of other porous metal sulfide nanostructures.
Proposal of a ferroelectric multi‐bit memory structure for reliable operation at sub‐100 nm scale
Authors: Kim Woo Young , Lee Hee Chul 
Published: December 2015

Although ferroelectric materials are attractive due to their non‐volatility originating from their spontaneous polarisation, advances in integrated density of these materials are required. To overcome the poor integration density compared with silicon integrated circuits, the concept of multi‐bit memory has arisen. Previous ferroelectric multi‐bit memory devices were developed through the realisation of a framework of two laterally neighbouring capacitors, in which both capacitors have different thicknesses for individual switching in different voltage ranges. However, a reliability issue with regard to limiting the additional scale down of these materials to the sub‐100 nm level arose due to self‐crosstalk, which was defined as a protrusion of the electric fringing field when a logic state was written in a multi‐bit memory device. Here, self‐crosstalk by simulating an electric field distribution in a multi‐bit memory cell based on an actual sample fabricated with a ferroelectric polymer, after which they suggest a new three‐dimensional structure of the ferroelectric multi‐bit memory device to eliminate self‐crosstalk.
Multi‐scale modelling on PM2.5 encapsulation inside doubly‐layered graphene
Authors: Chan Yue , Xia Liang , Ren Yong , Chen Yung‐Tsang 
Published: December 2015

PM2.5 is classified as particles with radii <2.5 μm. It is evident that the continuous inhalation of such particles results in respiratory diseases such as lung cancer. Therefore, more effective adsorption of PM2.5 becomes crucial to comb the problem and the recent development of nanomaterials could provide a means to absorb and store PM2.5. In this reported work, a multi‐scale modelling is used to investigate the storage of PM2.5, in particular carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) inside doubly‐layered graphene sheets. While the molecular adsorption is modelled by a modified equation of states in the adsorption regime, the interactions between molecules are captured using a mean field theory. The maximum gravimetric uptake for CO, SO2 and NO between the graphene of separation 20 Å is shown to be 19.45, 26.64 and 24.32 wt%, respectively, where the validity of the current model is confirmed by the case of hydrogen molecules with other experimental and simulations results. For higher temperatures, stronger pressure is needed to reach the same maximum uptakes as given at T = 77 K. The current model possesses the merit of rapid computational speed and is ready to be applied for other nanomaterials without conceptual difficulties. This graphene could be incorporated into an air purification system so as to raise the system's capacity in PM2.5 adsorption.
X‐ray diffraction analysis on layers in graphene samples obtained by electrolysis in molten salts: a new perspective
Authors: Andonovic Beti , Grozdanov Anita , Paunović Perica , Dimitrov Aleksandar T. 
Published: December 2015

There are several accepted methods used for X‐ray diffraction analysis on graphene layers and sample's stacking height LC. The Scherrer equation is avoided since the layers in the graphene samples are non‐uniformly distributed and therefore the samples have non‐uniform thickness. Instead, a model that includes thickness distribution is used to calculate the average number of layers and then the stacking height. The analysis was performed on 12 graphene samples produced by high‐temperature electrolysis in molten salts. Another method that was used to calculate the number of layers and hence the samples’ stacking height, was Raman spectra C ‐peak position method. It served as a control model for the analysed samples, since for four samples the corresponding parts of the Raman spectra were not usable due to the very low‐frequency region. However, the obtained results of both methods were in agreement, and indicate that studied graphene samples are few layered.
Characterisation of SU‐8 n ‐doping carbon nanotube‐based electronic devices
Authors: Al‐Mumen Haider 
Published: December 2015

Triarylium–solphonium salt, the chemical component of the SU‐8 photo resist, has been proved as an effective n ‐doping source for graphene. In this reported work, a study has been made of the effects of SU‐8 on single walled carbon nanotube networks. The results indicate that SU‐8 behaves as an electrons donor and causes an upward shift in the Fermi level. The cross‐linking property of the SU‐8 resembles an efficient isolator from the oxygen of the ambient. This leads to ambient‐stability of this doping technique. In addition, the doping technique shows negligible defects on the CNT surface and then higher transconductance is expected to be achieved. The temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of the CNT network observed a downshift in the G ‐band with increasing temperature. Finally, since SU‐8 is an e‐beam sensitive resist as well as a photo resist, it was used to selectively dope CNTs within the substrate area.
Bullet Fragment of the Lumbar Spine: The Decision is More Important than the Incision
Authors: Moisi Marc D. , Page Jeni , Gahramanov Seymour , Oskouian Rod J. 
Published: December 2015

Study Design Case report. Objective Treatment of gunshot wounds to the spine is a topic of continued discussion and controversy. The following case study provides a description of a patient with a gunshot wound to the lumbar spine with a retained bullet in the intrathecal space. Methods Immediately after gunshot injury, a patient developed lumbar and radicular pain, as well as neurologic deficits. He was taken for surgery to remove the retained bullet. Results Following surgery, pain and neurologic function improved. The operative techniques and the postoperative clinical management are discussed in this report. Conclusion In our opinion, it was necessary to remove the bullet to avoid migration and possible worsening of neurologic function. However, surgical intervention is not appropriate in every case, and ultimately decisions should be based on patient presentation, symptomology, and imaging.
The Outcome of Using Closed Suction Wound Drains in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Waly Feras , Alzahrani Mohammad M. , Abduljabbar Fahad H. , Landry Tara , Ouellet Jean , Moran Kathryn , Dettori Joseph R. 
Published: December 2015

Study Design Systematic review. Objective Determine whether closed suction wound drains decrease the incidence of postoperative complications compared with no drain use in patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar degenerative conditions. Methods Electronic databases and reference lists of key articles were searched up through January 22, 2015, to identify studies comparing the use of closed suction wound drains with no drains in spine surgery for lumbar degenerative conditions. Outcomes assessed included the cumulative incidence of epidural hematoma, superficial and deep wound infection, and postoperative blood transfusion. The overall strength of evidence across studies was based on precepts outlined by the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group. Results Five heterogeneous studies, three randomized controlled trials, and two cohort studies form the evidence basis for this report. There was no difference in the incidence of hematoma, superficial wound infection, or deep infection in patients with compared with patients without closed suction wound drains after lumbar surgery. The upper bounds of the 95% confidence interval for hematoma ranged from 1.1 to 16.7%; for superficial infection, 1.0 to 7.3%; and for deep infection, 1.0 to 7.1%. One observational study reported a 3.5-fold increase in the risk of blood transfusion in patients with a drain. The overall strength of evidence for these findings is considered low or insufficient. Conclusions Conclusions from this systematic review are limited by the quality of included studies that assessed the use of closed suction wound drains in lumbar spine surgeries for degenerative conditions. We believe that spine surgeons should not routinely rely on closed suction wound drains in lumbar spine surgery until a higher level of evidence becomes available to support its use.
Adverse Event Recording and Reporting in Clinical Trials Comparing Lumbar Disk Replacement with Lumbar Fusion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hiratzka Jayme , Rastegar Farbod , Contag Alec G. , Norvell Daniel C. , Anderson Paul A. , Hart Robert A. 
Published: December 2015

Study Design Systematic review. Objectives (1) To compare the quality of adverse event (AE) methodology and reporting among randomized trials comparing lumbar fusion with lumbar total disk replacement (TDR) using established AE reporting systems; (2) to compare the AEs and reoperations of lumbar spinal fusion with those from lumbar TDR; (3) to make recommendations on how to report AEs in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) so that surgeons and patients have more-detailed and comprehensive information when making treatment decisions. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane collaboration database, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse through May 2015 was conducted. Randomized controlled trials with at least 2 years of follow-up comparing lumbar artificial disk replacement with lumbar fusion were included. Patients were required to have axial or mechanical low back pain of ≥3 months’ duration due to degenerative joint disease defined as degenerative disk disease, facet joint disease, or spondylosis. Outcomes included the quality of AE acquisition methodology and results reporting, and AEs were defined as those secondary to the procedure and reoperations. Individual and pooled relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals comparing lumbar TDR with fusion were calculated. Results RCTs demonstrated a generally poor description of methods for assessing AEs. There was a consistent lack of clear definition or grading for these events. Furthermore, there was a high degree of variation in reporting of surgery-related AEs. Most studies lacked adequate reporting of the timing of AEs, and there were no clear distinctions between acute or chronic AEs. Meta-analysis of the pooled data demonstrated a twofold increased risk of AEs in patients having lumbar fusion compared with patients having lumbar TDR at 2-year follow-up, and this relative risk was maintained at 5 years. Furthermore, the pooled data demonstrated a 1.7 times greater relative risk of reoperation in the fusion group compared with lumbar TDR, although this risk decreased to 1.1 at 5-year follow-up. However, given the lack of quality and consistency in the methods of recording and reporting of AEs, we are unable to make a clear recommendation of one treatment over the other. Conclusions Based on the currently available literature, lumbar TDR appears to be comparable in safety to lumbar fusion. However, due to lack of consistency in reporting of AEs, it is difficult to make conclusions regarding the true safety profile of lumbar TDR. Standardization in AE reporting will significantly improve the reliability of the current literature.
Obesity diminishes synaptic markers, alters microglial morphology, and impairs cognitive function
Authors: Bocarsly Miriam E. , Fasolino Maria , Kane Gary A. , LaMarca Elizabeth A. , Kirschen Gregory W. , Karatsoreos Ilia N. , McEwen Bruce S. , Gould Elizabeth 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceIn humans, obesity impairs cognition and produces atrophy of brain regions associated with learning and memory, but few studies have investigated the underlying cellular mechanisms. We used a diet-induced model of obesity in rats to study excessive weight gain and found that early stage obesity, before the onset of diabetes or metabolic syndrome, produced deficits on cognitive tasks that require the prefrontal cortex. Impaired cognition was associated with synapse loss, including reduced numbers of dendritic spines and expression of synaptic proteins, as well as structural alterations in the brain’s immune cells, the microglia. These results strongly suggest that obesity must be considered as a contributing factor to brain dysfunction, with implications for its increasing frequency in contemporary western society.
Ketamine produces antidepressant-like effects through phosphorylation-dependent nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in rats
Authors: Choi Miyeon , Lee Seung Hoon , Wang Sung Eun , Ko Seung Yeon , Song Mihee , Choi June-Seek , Kim Yong-Seok , Duman Ronald S. , Son Hyeon 
Published: December 2015

Significance
The rapid antidepressant response is produced by ketamine administration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like action of ketamine remain incomplete. Here we show for the first time to our knowledge that ketamine stimulates the phosphorylation (Ser259/Ser498) and nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5). As a consequence, myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcriptional activity is enhanced and results in the induction of MEF2 target gene expression. We further show that ketamine down-regulates and, at the same time, phosphorylates HDAC5 to attenuate its repressive influence on transcription in the hippocampus. These studies unveil a previously unidentified role of HDAC5 in regulating neuronal function in response to ketamine, and thus provide the foundation for new approaches for the treatment of major depression.
Human cerebral organoids recapitulate gene expression programs of fetal neocortex development
Authors: Camp J. Gray , Badsha Farhath , Florio Marta , Kanton Sabina , Gerber Tobias , Wilsch-Bräuninger Michaela , Lewitus Eric , Sykes Alex , Hevers Wulf , Lancaster Madeline , Knoblich Juergen A. , Lachmann Robert , Pääbo Svante , Huttner Wieland B. , Treutlein Barbara 
Published: December 2015

Significance
We have used single-cell RNA sequencing to compare human cerebral organoids and fetal neocortex. We find that, with relatively few exceptions, cells in organoid cortex-like regions use genetic programs very similar to fetal tissue to generate a structured cerebral cortex. Our study is of interest, as it shows which genetic features underlying human cortical development can be accurately studied in organoid culture systems. This is important because although cerebral organoids have great promise for modeling human neurodevelopment, the extent to which organoids recapitulate neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation networks in vivo remained unclear.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the exceptional adaptations of batoid fins
Authors: Nakamura Tetsuya , Klomp Jeff , Pieretti Joyce , Schneider Igor , Gehrke Andrew R. , Shubin Neil H. 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceWith pectoral fins that surround much of the body, by fusing to the head, the skate is a cartilaginous fish that has one of the most unique appendages of all vertebrates. Here, we use an unbiased RNA screen to uncover genetic pathways underlying this morphology. Unlike tetrapods and other fishes, skates induce a second growth center in the anterior region, by the redeployment of an ancient genetic module. We find that some of the genes involved in generating the anterior–posterior fin function differently in skates than they do in limbed animals. Our data reveal the mechanisms for the unique skate fin morphology and also provide insights into the genetic origins of fin variation and morphological innovation in paired appendages.
A Qualitative Analysis of Family Involvement in Prescribed Opioid Medication Monitoring among Individuals who Have Experienced Opioid Overdoses
Authors: Stumbo Scott P. , Yarborough Bobbi Jo H. , Janoff Shannon L. , Yarborough Micah T. , McCarty Dennis , Green Carla A. 
Published: December 2015

Background Little is known about the role, extent, or effects of family member involvement in monitoring and managing opioid analgesics. Knowing when or how family members monitor prescribed opioid medication taking, whether it is acceptable to patients, or how family relationships may be affected by monitoring, are not well documented. Methods The study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Northwest, an integrated health plan in Oregon and Washington. Semistructured in-depth interviews ( N = 87) assessed circumstances surrounding overdose events among individuals who either experienced an opioid-related overdose or were family members of patients who died as a result of such an overdose. A subset of participants ( n = 20) described family members’ roles in monitoring opioid medications before or after overdoses. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using Atlas.ti. We used a modified grounded theory approach to categorize emergent data and to identify common themes. Results When family members played roles in monitoring and managing opioid medications, clinicians were often unaware of their involvement. Patients and family members reported better outcomes when the patient, caregiver, and clinician developed a shared treatment plan. Negative outcomes included relationship stress, particularly when patients and caregivers had differing perspectives about what constituted effective pain management versus misuse and abuse. Conclusions When families are concerned about opioid medications, coordination between clinicians, patients, and family carers appears to clarify roles and foster better outcomes. Increased stress and worse outcomes were reported when clinicians were not actively involved and when they did not attend to carers’ concerns.
Purification and characterization of a chloride ion-dependent α-glucosidase from the midgut gland of Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis)
Authors: Masuda Yasushi , Okuyama Masayuki , Iizuka Takahisa , Nakai Hiroyuki , Saburi Wataru , Fukukawa Taro , Maneesan Janjira , Tagami Takayoshi , Naraoka Tetsushi , Mori Haruhide , Kimura Atsuo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Marine glycoside hydrolases hold enormous potential due to their habitat-related characteristics such as salt tolerance, barophilicity, and cold tolerance. We purified an α-glucosidase (PYG) from the midgut gland of the Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and found that this enzyme has unique characteristics. The use of acarbose affinity chromatography during the purification was particularly effective, increasing the specific activity 570-fold. PYG is an interesting chloride ion-dependent enzyme. Chloride ion causes distinctive changes in its enzymatic properties, increasing its hydrolysis rate, changing the pH profile of its enzyme activity, shifting the range of its pH stability to the alkaline region, and raising its optimal temperature from 37 to 55 °C. Furthermore, chloride ion altered PYG’s substrate specificity. PYG exhibited the highest Vmax/Km value toward maltooctaose in the absence of chloride ion and toward maltotriose in the presence of chloride ion.