bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tap, Pay, and Worry: Users' Perceptions of Contactless Payment Attacks versus Technical Feasibility
Authors: Nezhad Mahshid Mehr , Mehrnezhad Maryam , Yunusov Timur , Hao Feng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Contactless payment remains one of the most popular payment methods in the UK, accessible through contactless cards, mobile phones, and wearable devices. However, there are several vulnerabilities associated with this payment method, leading to various attacks. While the technical aspects of these attacks have been extensively studied in the literature, the user perspective remains relatively under-explored.In this paper, we study users' perceptions about contactless payment attacks and vulnerabilities. Initially, we assess the technical feasibility of the existing attacks on contactless payment systems. Subsequently, we present a user survey involving 150 participants from the UK, examining their perceptions of contactless payment systems and attacks. We explore their familiarity with the system, their concerns and understanding of the attack categories, and the protective steps they take. Finally, we compare users' perceptions with our evaluation of the technical feasibility of contactless payment attacks. We find that while users accurately interpret some attacks, they tend to overestimate certain attacks while underestimating others. In addition, in terms of protective actions, we find that despite the availability of effective protective measures, users tend to employ only basic steps to protect against attacks. These findings highlight a gap between the user's perception of contactless payment attacks and their technical feasibility. We offer a set of recommendations, including enhancements to the security of contactless payment systems as well as targeted education for users.
A method of identifying false positives in the variety-specific variant calling of rice
Authors: Kim Sunhee , Chu Sang-Ho , Park Yong-Jin , Lee Chang-Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of variety (or subspecies) specificity on genetic variant calling using next-generation sequencing data from rice. Specifically, we used two major rice genome varieties, Indica and Japonica, to construct different variant calling models with varying compositions of samples from these two varieties. Our investigation revealed that divergence of samples from the reference sequence corresponded to increased variant prediction. Specifically, including samples that differed in variety from the reference sequence significantly increased the number of variants predicted. We used machine learning techniques to understand this phenomenon and evaluated the performance of different variant calling models based on the predicted variants. Our results indicated that a significant proportion of the additional predicted variants represented potential false positives, which was particularly accentuated when phylogenetically distinct accessions from the reference were included in the samples. To improve the accuracy of the predicted variants, we proposed a method to identify false positives and allow their exclusion if necessary. This proposed approach involved calling true variants from purebred (or typical) samples. We validated the effectiveness of this method across different variant calling models and demonstrated a significant reduction in false-positive predicted variants. As a practical application, we implemented the method on dbSNP of rice, a database of known rice variants, and demonstrated a means to identify false positives within dbSNP. Our study provides general recommendations for best practices in variety-specific variants calling for rice.
Impact of biomass components on their co-gasification performances with coal in a downdraft fixed-bed reactor
Authors: Li Wangliang , Fang Yi , Chang Shengqiang , Mi Shuzhen , Zhao Shengyong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Co-gasification of biomass and coal offers a strategic approach to enhance the sustainability of energy resources by exploiting the inherent synergies between various biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and coal. This study investigates the co-gasification in a downdraft fixed-bed reactor, focusing on the impacts on gas yield, calorific value, and carbon structure transformations. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the thermal decomposition kinetics of the biomass components differ significantly, with cellulose and hemicellulose enhancing gas yield and calorific value, while lignin shows an inhibitory effect on these parameters. Cellulose improves the gasification process, particularly at a 50.00wt.% blending ratio, optimizing both the calorific value and CO production by 20.32% and 45.75%, respectively, over theoretical values. In contrast, lignin inclusion at a 70.00wt.% ratio decreases the calorific value and CO production by 6.44% and 11.21%, respectively. Additionally, hemicellulose is found to catalytically enhance CO2 conversion, with a maximum increase of 45.99% at a 70.00wt.% ratio. The study elucidates the differential impacts of each biomass component on the co-gasification process and underscores the potential of optimizing biomass blends to maximize the efficiency and sustainability of energy production.
Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Chrysanthemum indicum L. by Modulating Photosynthesis, Mineral Homeostasis and Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Liu Shuguang , Yue Liran , Chen Shengyan , Zhang Kaiyun , Ni Xingyu , He Miao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), recognized as a third gaseous signaling molecule, plays a role in resistance to abiotic stress. However, the role of H2S during cadmium (Cd) resistance in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.) remains uncharacterized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory role of H2S in Chrysanthemum under Cd toxicity. Our objective is to provide a theoretical foundation for utilizing H2S in combination with ornamental plants for the remediation of Cd pollution. We conducted hydroponic experiments to examine the effects of foliar H2S spraying on the growth, photosynthesis, chloroplast ultrastructure, and physiological attributes of various C. indicum seedlings under Cd stress. The results demonstrated that Cd toxicity had a substantial impact on photosynthetic parameters and the structural integrity of chloroplasts, when compared to non-cadmium conditions. It also elevated the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing disturbances in element uptake. However, the addition of H2S played a pivotal role in preserving chloroplast integrity, consequently improving photosynthetic performance and avoiding cadmium-induced ultrastructural damage. Additionally, H2S also positively promoted uptake of elements and regulated antioxidant enzyme activities on the one hand, and mitigated oxidative stress and reduced the accumulation of ROS on the other. In summary, our findings suggest that exogenously applied H2S can effectively alleviate the detrimental effects of Cd toxicity.
Assessment of immune-related rheumatological adverse events in a monovalent oncology center in Argentina
Authors: Collado María Victoria , Gandur María Natalia , Ranuncolo Stella Maris , Cugliari Silvana , Castro Mónica , Cuartero Viviana , Cáceres Valeria , Serrano Mercedes del Valle , Parera Ignacio Casas , Cinat Gabriela , Zerga Marta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the outcome of oncology patients. They are being used in an increasingly number of different cancer types. As a consequence, there is an enhance report of toxicity ICIs associated, named immune related adverse events. Herein we focused on the description of the Immune related Rheumatologic Adverse Events (IrRAEs) in oncological patients treated with ICIs, determining the continuity of the oncological treatment following their development, and investigating whether pre-existing rheumatologic disease (PRD) was the reason for not initiating the ICI treatment.
Methods
it is a descriptive and retrospective study. Included 42 oncology patients, initiating or already undergoing an ICI treatment, who were referred to the Rheumatology Department during 2019–2022.
Results
40/159 (25%) patients that received ICI treatment at the Institute of Oncology “Ángel H. Roffo”, were evaluated by the Rheumatology Department. 16/40 experienced IrRAEs. Treatment of IrRAEs: 5/16 received non-steroidal anti-infammatory drugs, 11/16 corticosteroids (5/11 required additionally Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). The IrRAEs treatment outcome was complete response (9/16), partial response (2/16) and no response (5/16). As a consequence 7/16 patients (44%) were able to continue the ICI therapy, 3/16 (19%) experienced a temporary suspension and 6/16 (37%) a permanent discontinuation. Two patients did not iniciate ICIs due to PRD.
Conclusions
25% of the total ICI treated patients developed rheumatologyc symptoms. The IrRAEs were the cause of them in 16/40 patients. Therefore 10% (16/159) of the total ICI treated patients developed IrRAEs. Most of the IrRAEs observed were mild to moderate. Only one patient, who suffered myositis, experienced a severe life-threatening IrRAE. The patients´ evaluation at the time they started the ICI therapy allowed the diagnosis of PRD and to monitore exacerbations. More than half of the patients who developed IrRAEs were capable to continue their ICI treatment.
The selective and sensitive fluorogenic detection of hydrogen gas using a transition metal activator and a naphthalene-based dye
Authors: Mutus Bulent , Potter Mark , Debnath Suman , Mandapati Pavan , Schmidt Ken , Drover Marcus , Rondeau-Gagne Simon , Jansen Kathy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Hydrogen (H2(g)) is a viable green fossil fuel alternative as its combustion yields only water and energy. However, H2(g) is highly flammable, explosive, and lacks odor. These characteristics warrant sensitive and specific detection methods for its widespread use as an alternative fuel source. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of H2(g) sensors but there are still important limitations to current technologies, particularly in terms of ease-of-use and sensitivity. In this work, we show the first example of an optical fluorogenic hydrogen sensing platform which employes the use of a readily available dye molecule and a hydrogen-activating compound to engineer H2(g) gas selectivity with high sensitivity at room temperature and pressure. For this, the commercially available dye, azomethine-H (Az-H, 4-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxy-benzylideneamino)-naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid) and related naphthalene-based compounds, in conjunction with the hydrogen activator [{Ir(Cp*)(Cl)}2(thbpym)](Cl)2 (IrCp*, (Cp* = C5Me5-, thbpym = 4,4’,6,6’-tetrahydroxy-2,2’-bipyrimidine)), yields ~ 47–fold fluorescence enhancement when exposed to H2(g) in aqueous solution or ~ 2.4–fold in a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel matrix, with an estimated detection limit of ~ 0.5% H2(g). Representing a major step forward, this signal enhancement is specific to H2(g) with no cross-reactivity observed for potentially contaminating gases such as nitrogen gas (N2(g)) and standard atmosphere. This work tackles existing challenges in the optical H2(g) detection space, offering simultaneously high sensitivity and specificity without cross-reactivity with other contaminant gases.
The Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Reducing Emergence Coughing in Thyroidectomy Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Azar Sonia Mahmoudi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Emergence from anesthesia could be associated with complications such as bleeding. Such complications are more common among specific surgeries such as thyroidectomy. We aimed to study if a single-dose of dexmedetomidine given 10 minutes before emergence from anesthesia would decrease emergence cough among thyroidectomy patients.
Methods
This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients aged 18–68 years old referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran. The Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences approved the present study. Simple randomization was used in this study. The patients were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The baseline characteristics of the patients was recorded at baseline and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were measured before the operation. In the ending 10 minutes of the operation, the intervention group received 0.5 micrograms/kg of dexmedetomidine and the control group received the same volume of saline. Then, the frequency and intensity of cough, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and shivering were measured. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used for data analysis.
Results
Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the frequency of coughing during recovery compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or shivering between the two groups.
Conclusion
In conclusion, dexmedetomidine administration during surgery under general anesthesia significantly reduced the frequency of coughing during recovery in thyroidectomy patients.
Trial registration
IRCT code IR20211209053338N1
Incomplete lineage sorting and introgression among genera and species of Liliaceae tribe Tulipeae: insights from phylogenomics
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Wang Meizhen , Yang Zhaoping , Comes Hans Peter , Zhong Xin , Folk Ryan A. , Song Yigang , York Dana A. , Cameron Kenneth M. , Li Pan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Phylogenetic research in Tulipa (Liliaceae), a genus of significant economic and horticultural value, has relied on limited nuclear (mostly nrITS) and plastid gene sequences, resulting in low-resolution phylogenetic trees and uncertain intrageneric classifications. The genus, noted for its large genome, presents discordant relationships among Amana, Erythronium, and Tulipa, likely due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and/or reticulate evolution. Thus, phylogenomic approaches are needed to clarify these relationships and the conflicting signals within the tribe Tulipeae.
Results: We newly sequenced 50 transcriptomes of 46 species of tribe Tulipeae (including multiple accessions of all four genera) and one outgroup species of tribe Lilieae (Notholirion campanulatum), and downloaded 15 previously published transcriptomes of tribe Tulipeae to supplement the sampling. One plastid dataset (74 plastid protein coding genes, PCGs) and one nuclear dataset (2,594 nuclear orthologous genes, OGs) were constructed, with the latter used for species tree inference based on maximum likelihood (ML) and multi-species coalescent (MSC) methods. To investigate causes of gene tree discordance, ‘site con/discordance factors’ (sCF and sDF1/sDF2) were calculated first, after which phylogenetic nodes displaying high or imbalanced sDF1/2 were selected for phylogenetic network analyses and polytomy tests to determine whether ILS or reticulate evolution best explain incongruence. Key relationships not resolved by this technique, especially those among Amana, Erythronium and Tulipa, were further investigated by applying D-statistics and QuIBL.
Conclusions: We failed to reconstruct a reliable and unambiguous evolutionary history among Amana, Erythronium and Tulipa due to especially pervasive ILS and reticulate evolution, likely caused either by obscured minority phylogenetic signal or differing signal among genomic compartments. However, within Tulipa we confirmed the monophyly of most subgenera, with the exception of two species in the small subgenus Orithyia, of which Tulipa heterophylla was recovered as sister to the remainder of the genus, whereas T. sinkiangensis clustered within subgenus Tulipa. In contrast, most traditional sections of Tulipa were found to be non-monophyletic.
Experimental study of sensorless direct torque control for induction motor based on Enhanced Second Order Generalized Integrator-Frequency Locked Loop
Authors: Boukhari Mohammed , Ghadbane Ismail , Bouzidi Riad , Mekhilef Saad , Belhouchet Khaled , Bendib Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a cost-effective solution for speed estimation in induction motor system using the enhanced second-order generalized frequency-locked loop (ESOGI-FLL) technique as an estimator. The proposed solution delivers precise motor speed estimation, thanks to the inclusion of an FLL filter in the estimator. Additionally, this method is cost-effective in practice, requiring only a single current or voltage sensor, which is a significant improvement over traditional estimators that often need multiple sensors. Furthermore, the estimator is both easy to implement and maintain. It enhances performance by using the ESOGI technique to effectively estimate rapidly changing frequencies while also addressing the effects of DC disturbances and harmonics. The stability study of the proposed ESOGI-FLL technique has been successfully conducted based on lyapunov method. The proposed sensorless control has been experimentally tested and works effectively across a wide range of scenarios such as speed change tracking, load change as well as speed reversal scenario, resulting in good performance of the induction motor.
Impact of Digital Competitiveness on Sustainable Development: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Karwasra Nidhi , Aggarwal Vani 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Digital competitiveness and sustainable development have attracted significant attention from researchers in academia. This study explores the impact of digital competitiveness on sustainable development through a thorough review of existing literature. It analyzes and discusses how digital competitiveness influences sustainable development. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, the paper conducts a systematic literature review of relevant articles sourced from the Scopus database. A total of forty-one articles spanning between 2000 and 2023 were reviewed. A striking finding from the evaluation is the prevalence of both positive and negative impacts across the literature. The study's findings have the potential to assist corporations, firms, governments, regulatory bodies, technology providers, academic and research institutions, financial institutions, and policymakers in developing strategies to achieve sustainable development goals through an investigation into the effects of digital competitiveness on sustainability. Further research can explore this area in economies that are less studied, such as low and lower-middle-income countries.
JEL code: Q01, O30
The dilemma of palliative care nurses: A phenomenological inquiry into their lived experience with humanistic care
Authors: CHOI Sandy Pin Pin , CHAN Ka Man , YU Le Bing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Previous research has delineated the roles and functions of palliative care nurses, but a gap remains in comprehending their lived experiences in delivering humanistic care. These nurses establish deep connections with patients and families, encountering emotional distress while witnessing their suffering. This emotional strain frequently leads to compassion fatigue and burnout. This study was conducted to fill the literature gap by examining the humanistic nursing practices and the dilemmas that palliative care nurses face when providing humanistic care.
Methods: A descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 palliative care nurses working in Hong Kong public hospitals. They were invited to share their lived experiences of providing humanistic care in palliative care settings. Interview findings were analyzed using Van Kaam’s control explication method.
Results: The findings of this study revealed both positive and negative experiences encountered by palliative care nurses in their humanistic interactions with patients and families. Nurses emphasized the significant impact of their presence and care on patients and families, highlighting the importance of preserving dignity and alleviating suffering. The study underscored the challenges nurses face in forming genuine connections amid various constraints, such as heavy workloads and patient-related obstacles that impede compassionate engagement. Four themes emerged, showcasing dilemmas confronted by nurses: juggling between "creating bonds" versus "maintaining distance", choosing to "treasuring life more" versus "giving up life more easily", balancing "patients' interests" versus "families' interests", and weighing "patient rights" versus "public interest". The findings illuminated the complexities and emotional burden inherent in delivering humanistic care in palliative care.
Conclusions: The study's findings have offered deeper insights into Paterson and Zderad's Humanistic Nursing Theory, shedding light on the existential aspects of humanistic nurse-patient interactions. The study has uncovered the intricacies of the theory's fundamental elements, including genuine presence, authentic self-awareness, and the realization of potential in caregiving. It highlights the necessity for improved support and training for palliative care nurses, advocating for enhanced education and practice to navigate the complexity of end-of-life care and enhance the understanding of humanistic nursing principles.
Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Slag Binder-based Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperature
Authors: Paswan Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Virendra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Fire is a catastrophic event that significantly threatens structures. As a fire progresses, the strength of concrete deteriorates over time due to the high temperatures. Understanding how the concrete's strength diminishes under high temperatures. The present study is motivated by focusing on how alkali-activated concrete responds to elevated temperatures.There is a growing trend of using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a constituent material in both normal strength and high-performance concrete. When combined with sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphate powder as activators, this material forms Alkali-activated Concrete(AAC). This research paper investigates the impact of high temperatures on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of AAS concrete. Test specimens were subjected to temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C and 800°C.The research indicates that AACperforms better than regular binder concrete, making it a potentially better alternative.
Outlier detection for mixed data
Authors: GADACHA Houda , Kubicki Patricia , Niang Ndeye 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Outlier detection is crucial in various sectors such as finance, insurance, medicine, and IT security. Its application helps to identify suspicious behaviors and enhance the robustness of statistical models. However, a common challenge arises when dealing with data that includes both numerical and categorical attributes, as most traditional outlier detection methods are applicable only to numerical data. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes to apply the Factor Analysis on Mixed Data (FAMD) method to transform both types of attributes into numerical Principal Components (PCs). Traditional outlier detection methods are then applied to these PCs. The proposed method is evaluated on classic datasets from the supervised classification literature and two simulated data contaminated by different types of outliers : (a) global outliers which significantly deviate from most data points, (b) local outliers which are not necessarily extreme values but are considered abnormal within their specific context or neighborhood, (c) rare outliers which have unexpected categories compared to the typical data distribution, and (d) mixed outliers which can be both global and rare, or local and rare.