bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease-specific IgG Fc N-glycosylation as personalized biomarkers to differentiate gastric cancer from benign gastric diseases
Authors: Zhang Dan , Chen Bingchao , Wang Yanmin , Xia Peng , He Chengyan , Liu Yujie , Zhang Ruiqing , Zhang Mo , Li Zhili 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInterest in the pathophysiological role of IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) N-linked glycosylation arose from changes in humoral immune responses. In this study, circulating disease-specific IgG (DSIgG) derived from serum immunoinflammation-related protein complexes was isolated from 846 serum samples of 443 patients with benign gastric diseases (BGDs) and 403 patients with gastric cancer (GC), and DSIgG glycopeptides attached to IgG Fc region at the site of Asn297 were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization- Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTICR MS). A total of 22 glycopeptides were detected. Statistical analysis indicated that DSIgG1 G1S, DSIgG2 G0F, G1, G2F, and G2FS as well as DSIgG2 galactosylation and sialylation are significantly associated with sex in BGD patients and that the age-specific glycoforms and glycosylation features from DSIgG between BGD patients and GC patients have similar change trends. In addition, significant changes in galactosylation, sialylation, and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from DSIgG were also observed between two pathophysiological states. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the G2FN/G1FN (from DSIgG2) ratio has an excellent capability to distinguish female BGD patients from female GC patients over the age range of 20–79 years, with the sensitivity of 82.6%, the specificity of 82.6%, and the area under curve (AUC) of 0.872.
Dosimetric analysis of isocentrically shielded volumetric modulated arc therapy for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Lu Jia-Yang , Huang Bao-Tian , Xing Lei , Chang Daniel T. , Peng Xun , Xie Liang-Xi , Lin Zhi-Xiong , Li Mei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of an isocentrically shielded RapidArc (IS-RA) technique for treatment of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer (lrNPC). In IS-RA, the isocenter was placed at the center of the pre-irradiated brainstem (BS)/spinal cord (SC) and the jaws were set to shield the BS/SC while ensuring the target coverage during the whole gantry rotation. For fifteen patients, the IS-RA plans were compared with the conventional RapidArc (C-RA) regarding target coverage, organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing and monitor units (MUs). The relationship between the dose reduction of BS/SC and some geometric parameters including the angle extended by the target with respect to the axis of BS/SC (Ang_BSSC), the minimum distance between the target and BS/SC (Dist_Min) and the target volume were evaluated. The IS-RA reduced the BS/SC doses by approximately 1–4 Gy on average over the C-RA, with more MUs. The IS-RA demonstrated similar target coverage and sparing of other OARs except for slightly improved sparing of optic structures. More dose reduction in the isocentric region was observed in the cases with larger Ang_BSSC or smaller Dist_Min. Our results indicated that the IS-RA significantly improves the sparing of BS/SC without compromising dosimetric requirements of other involved structures for lrNPC.
Sodium channel slow inactivation interferes with open channel block
Authors: Hampl Martin , Eberhardt Esther , O’Reilly Andrias O. , Lampert Angelika 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 are linked to inherited pain syndromes such as erythromelalgia (IEM) and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD). PEPD mutations impair Nav1.7 fast inactivation and increase persistent currents. PEPD mutations also increase resurgent currents, which involve the voltage-dependent release of an open channel blocker. In contrast, IEM mutations, whenever tested, leave resurgent currents unchanged. Accordingly, the IEM deletion mutation L955 (ΔL955) fails to produce resurgent currents despite enhanced persistent currents, which have hitherto been considered a prerequisite for resurgent currents. Additionally, ΔL955 exhibits a prominent enhancement of slow inactivation (SI). We introduced mutations into Nav1.7 and Nav1.6 that either enhance or impair SI in order to investigate their effects on resurgent currents. Our results show that enhanced SI is accompanied by impaired resurgent currents, which suggests that SI may interfere with open-channel block.
Quantum Computation Based on Photons with Three Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Luo Ming-Xing , Li Hui-Ran , Lai Hong , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuantum systems are important resources for quantum computer. Different from previous encoding forms using quantum systems with one degree of freedom (DoF) or two DoFs, we investigate the possibility of photon systems encoding with three DoFs consisting of the polarization DoF and two spatial DoFs. By exploring the optical circular birefringence induced by an NV center in a diamond embedded in the photonic crystal cavity, we propose several hybrid controlled-NOT (hybrid CNOT) gates operating on the two-photon or one-photon system. These hybrid CNOT gates show that three DoFs may be encoded as independent qubits without auxiliary DoFs. Our result provides a useful way to reduce quantum simulation resources by exploring complex quantum systems for quantum applications requiring large qubit systems.
Role of an elliptical structure in photosynthetic energy transfer: Collaboration between quantum entanglement and thermal fluctuation
Authors: Oka Hisaki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecent experiments have revealed that the light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1) in purple photosynthetic bacteria has an elliptical structure. Generally, symmetry lowering in a structure leads to a decrease in quantum effects (quantum coherence and entanglement), which have recently been considered to play a role in photosynthetic energy transfer and hence, elliptical structure seems to work against efficient photosynthetic energy transfer. Here we analyse the effect of an elliptical structure on energy transfer in a purple photosynthetic bacterium and reveal that the elliptical distortion rather enhances energy transfer from peripheral LH2 to LH1 at room temperature. Numerical results show that quantum entanglement between LH1 and LH2 is formed over a wider range of high energy levels than would have been the case with circular LH1. Light energy absorbed by LH2 is thermally pumped via thermal fluctuation and is effectively transferred to LH1 through the entangled states at room temperature rather than at low temperature. This result indicates the possibility that photosynthetic systems adopt an elliptical structure to effectively utilise both quantum entanglement and thermal fluctuation at physiological temperature.
Putative histidine kinase inhibitors with antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates identified by in vitro and in silico screens
Authors: Velikova Nadya , Fulle Simone , Manso Ana Sousa , Mechkarska Milena , Finn Paul , Conlon J. Michael , Oggioni Marco Rinaldo , Wells Jerry M. , Marina Alberto 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNovel antibacterials are urgently needed to address the growing problem of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Two-component systems (TCS) are widely used by bacteria to regulate gene expression in response to various environmental stimuli and physiological stress and have been previously proposed as promising antibacterial targets. TCS consist of a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and an effector response regulator. The HK component contains a highly conserved ATP-binding site that is considered to be a promising target for broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. Here, we describe the identification of putative HK autophosphorylation inhibitors following two independent experimental approaches: in vitro fragment-based screen via differential scanning fluorimetry and in silico structure-based screening, each followed up by the exploration of analogue compounds as identified by ligand-based similarity searches. Nine of the tested compounds showed antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of bacterial pathogens and include three novel scaffolds, which have not been explored so far in other antibacterial compounds. Overall, putative HK autophosphorylation inhibitors were found that together provide a promising starting point for further optimization as antibacterials.
Mean serum-level of common organic pollutants is predictive of behavioral severity in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Boggess Andrew , Faber Scott , Kern John , Kingston H. M. Skip 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD), and their pathogenesis, are growing public health concerns. This study evaluated common organic pollutant serum-concentrations in children, as it related to behavioral severity determined by rating scales and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Thirty children, ages 2–9, with ASD and thirty controls matched by age, sex, and socioeconomic status were evaluated using direct blood serum sampling and ADOS. Pooling concentrations of all studied pollutants into a single variable yielded cohort-specific neurobehavioral relationships. Pooled serum-concentration correlated significantly with increasing behavioral severity on the ADOS in the ASD cohort (p = 0.011, r = 0.54), but not controls (p = 0.60, r = 0.11). Logistic regression significantly correlated mean pollutant serum-concentration with the probability of diagnosis of behaviorally severe autism, defined as ADOS >14, across all participants (odds ratio = 3.43 [95% confidence: 1.14–10.4], p = 0.0287). No specific analyte correlated with ADOS in either cohort. The ASD cohort displayed greater quantitative variance of analyte concentrations than controls (p = 0.006), suggesting a wide range of detoxification functioning in the ASD cohort. This study supports the hypothesis that environmental exposure to organic pollutants may play a significant role in the behavioral presentation of autism.
Selectivity and tolerance for visual texture in macaque V2
Authors: Ziemba Corey M. , Freeman Jeremy , Movshon J. Anthony , Simoncelli Eero P. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
The brain generates increasingly complex representations of the visual world to recognize objects, to form new memories, and to organize visual behavior. Relatively simple signals in the retina are transformed through a cascade of neural computations into highly complex responses in visual cortical areas deep in the temporal lobe. The representations of visual signals in areas that lie in the middle of this cascade remain poorly understood, yet they are critical to understanding how the cascade operates. Here, we demonstrate changes in the representation of visual information from area V1 to V2, and show how these changes extract and represent information about the local statistical features of visual images.
Large‐scale curriculum reform in Finland – exploring the interrelation between implementation strategy, the function of the reform, and curriculum coherence
Authors: Pietarinen Janne , Pyhältö Kirsi , Soini Tiina 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe study aims to gain a better understanding of the national large‐scale curriculum process in terms of the used implementation strategies, the function of the reform, and the curriculum coherence perceived by the stakeholders accountable in constructing the national core curriculum in Finland. A large body of school reform literature has shown that a central determinant for the effectiveness of curriculum reform is the way in which the reform is implemented. Accordingly, implementing curriculum reform always entails translation of the new ideas into new educational practices, which involves complex sense‐making processes from those involved. Altogether, 117 stakeholders accountable in constructing the national core curriculum in Finland completed a survey. The results showed that the effect of the implementation strategy for the perceived curriculum coherence was mediated by the perceived educational impact of the reform both for the school and society. The mediated interrelation between the top‐down–bottom‐up implementation strategy in the curriculum process, and the estimated coherence in the written core curriculum implies that the objects of the activities, namely elaborating and focusing on the educational impact of the decisions, is a crucial determinant for achieving curriculum coherence, and further, facilitating sustainable school development at the local level.
Food for thought: pretty good multispecies yield
Authors: Rindorf Anna , Dichmont Catherine Mary , Levin Phillip S. , Mace Pamela , Pascoe Sean , Prellezo Raul , Punt André E. , Reid David G. , Stephenson Robert , Ulrich Clara , Vinther Morten , Clausen Lotte Worsøe 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
MSY principles for marine fisheries management reflect a focus on obtaining continued high catches to provide food and livelihoods for humanity, while not compromising ecosystems. However, maintaining healthy stocks to provide the maximum sustainable yield on a single-species basis does not ensure that broader ecosystem, economic, and social objectives are addressed. We investigate how the principles of a “pretty good yield” range of fishing mortalities assumed to provide &gt;95% of the average yield for a single stock can be expanded to a pretty good multispecies yield (PGMY) space and further to pretty good multidimensional yield to accommodate situations where the yield from a stock affects the ecosystem, economic and social benefits, or sustainability. We demonstrate in a European example that PGMY is a practical concept. As PGMY provides a safe operating space for management that adheres to the principles of MSY, it allows the consideration of other aspects to be included in operational management advice in both data-rich and data-limited situations. PGMY furthermore provides a way to integrate advice across stocks, avoiding clearly infeasible management combinations, and thereby hopefully increasing confidence in scientific advice.
Implementation of Xpert MTB/RIF in Uganda: Missed Opportunities to Improve Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Authors: Hanrahan Colleen F. , Haguma Priscilla , Ochom Emmanuel , Kinera Irene , Cobelens Frank , Cattamanchi Adithya , Davis Luke , Katamba Achilles , Dowdy David 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background.  The effect of Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) scale-up on patient outcomes in low-income settings with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden has not been established. We sought to characterize the effectiveness of Xpert as implemented across different levels of the healthcare system in Uganda.
Methods.  We reviewed laboratory records from 2012 to 2014 at 18 health facilities throughout Uganda. In 8 facilities, Xpert had been implemented onsite since 2012, and in 10 sites Xpert was available as an offsite referral test from another facility. We describe Xpert testing volumes by facility, Xpert and smear microscopy results, and downtime due to malfunction and cartridge stockouts. We compare TB treatment initiation as well as time to treatment between facilities implementing Xpert and those that did not.
Results.  The median number of Xpert assays run at implementing facilities was 25/month (interquartile range [IQR], 10–63), amounting to 8% of total capacity. Among 1251 assays run for a new TB diagnosis, 19% were positive. Among 1899 patients with smear-negative presumptive TB, the proportion starting TB treatment was similar between Xpert facilities (11%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9%–13%) and non-Xpert facilities (9%; 95% CI, 8%–11%; P = .325). In Xpert facilities, a positive Xpert preceded TB treatment initiation in only 12 of 70 (17%) smear-negative patients initiated on treatment.
Conclusions.  Xpert was underutilized in Uganda and did not significantly increase the number of patients starting treatment for TB. Greater attention must be paid to appropriate implementation of novel diagnostic tests for TB if these new tools are to impact patient important outcomes.
First Case of Lyme Arthritis Involving a Prosthetic Knee Joint
Authors: Wright William F. , Oliverio James A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is the most common tick-borne illness in the United States. Arthritis is usually a mani­festation of late dis­ease but has not been associated with cases of periprosthetic joint infections. We report on a patient who was first diagnosed with periprosthetic joint infection and subsequently Lyme arthritis.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a Chronic Disease: Evaluation and Management of Nonacquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome-Defining Conditions
Authors: Serrano-Villar Sergio , Gutiérrez Félix , Miralles Celia , Berenguer Juan , Rivero Antonio , Martínez Esteban , Moreno Santiago 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, motivated people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have access to therapy are expected to maintain viral suppression indefinitely and to receive treatment for decades. Hence, the current clinical scenario has dramatically shifted since the early 1980s, from treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections and palliative care to a new scenario in which most HIV specialists focus on HIV primary care, ie, the follow up of stable patients, surveillance of long-term toxicities, and screening and prevention of age-related conditions. The median age of HIV-infected adults on ART is progressively increasing. By 2030, 3 of every 4 patients are expected to be aged 50 years or older in many countries, more than 80% will have at least 1 age-related disease, and approximately one third will have at least 3 age-related diseases. Contemporary care of HIV-infected patients is evolving, and questions about how we might monitor and perhaps even treat HIV-infected adults have emerged. Through key published works, this review briefly describes the most prevalent comorbidities and age-associated conditions and highlights the differential features in the HIV-infected population. We also discuss the most critical aspects to be considered in the care of patients with HIV for the management and prevention of age-associated disease.
Systemic QX-314 Reduces Bone Cancer Pain through Selective Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subfamily 1–expressing Primary Afferents in Mice
Authors: Fuseya Satoshi , Yamamoto Katsumi , Minemura Hitoshi , Yamaori Satoshi , Kawamata Tomoyuki , Kawamata Mikito 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAbstract
In mice with behavioral evidence of pain and dysfunction after injection of cancer cells in bone, systemic QX-314, but not lidocaine, produced a long-lasting reduction in spontaneous flinching behavior by inhibiting transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1–expressing nerves, but did not reduce activity-dependent disruption of behaviors.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
The aim of this study was to determine whether systemic administration of QX-314 reduces bone cancer pain through selective inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1)–expressing afferents.

Methods
A mouse model of bone cancer pain was used. The authors examined the effects of bolus (0.01 to 3 mg/kg, n = 6 to 10) and continuous (5 mg kg−1 h−1, n = 5) administration of QX-314 on both bone cancer pain–related behaviors and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element–binding protein expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons (n = 3 or 6) and the effects of ablation of TRPV1-expressing afferents on bone cancer pain–related behaviors (n = 10).

Results
The numbers of flinches indicative of ongoing pain in QX-314–treated mice were smaller than those in vehicle-treated mice at 10 min (3 mg/kg, 4 ± 3; 1 mg/kg, 5 ± 3 vs. 12 ± 3; P < 0.001; n = 8 to 9), 24 h (3 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 3, P < 0.001), and 48 h (4 ± 1 vs. 12 ± 2, P < 0.001; n = 5 in each group) after QX-314 administration, but impaired limb use, weight-bearing including that examined by the CatWalk system, and rotarod performance indicative of movement-evoked pain were comparable. QX-314 selectively inhibited the increase in phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element–binding protein expression in TRPV1-positive, but not in TRPV1-negative, dorsal root ganglion neurons compared to that in the case of vehicle administration (32.2 ± 3.0% vs. 52.6 ± 5.9%, P < 0.001; n = 6 in each group). Ablation of TRPV1-expressing afferents mimicked the effects of QX-314.

Conclusion
This study showed that systemic administration of QX-314 in mice inhibits some behavioral aspects of bone cancer pain through selective inhibition of TRPV1-expressing afferents without coadministration of TRPV1 agonists.
Cutaneous Mitochondrial Po 2, but Not Tissue Oxygen Saturation, Is an Early Indicator of the Physiologic Limit of Hemodilution in the Pig
Authors: Römers Luuk H. L. , Bakker Charlotte , Dollée Nathalie , Hoeks Sanne E. , Lima Alexandre , Raat Nicolaas J. H. , Johannes Tanja , Stolker Robert J. , Mik Egbert G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAbstract
The authors have developed a sophisticated technology to measure cutaneous mitochondrial oxygen tension, and hereby investigate the influence of hemodilution on the measurements in a porcine model. The authors show that the measurement of cutaneous mitochondrial oxygen tension is feasible and that it may be a promising physiologic trigger to guide transfusion therapy and patient management.

Background
Hemodilution is a consequence of fluid replacement during blood loss and is limited by the individual ability to compensate for decreasing hemoglobin level. We tested the ability of a novel noninvasive method for measuring cutaneous mitochondrial Po
2 (mitoPo
2) to detect this threshold early.

Methods
Anesthetized and ventilated pigs were hemodynamically monitored and randomized into a hemodilution (n = 12) or a time control (TC) group (n = 14). MitoPo
2 measurements were done by oxygen-dependent delayed fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX after preparation of the skin with 20% 5-aminolevulinic acid cream. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) was measured with near infrared spectroscopy on the thoracic wall. After baseline measurements, progressive normovolemic hemodilution was performed in the hemodilution group in equal steps (500 ml blood replaced by 500 ml Voluven®; Fresenius Kabi AG, Germany). Consecutive measurements were performed after 20-min stabilization periods and repeated 8 times or until the animal died.

Results
The TC animals remained stable with regard to hemodynamics and mitoPo
2. In the hemodilution group, mitoPo
2 became hemoglobin-dependent after reaching a threshold of 2.6 ± 0.2 g/dl. During hemodilution, hemoglobin and mitoPo
2 decreased (7.9 ± 0.2 to 2.1 ± 0.2 g/dl; 23.6 ± 2 to 9.9 ± 0.8 mmHg), but StO2 did not. Notably, mitoPo
2 dropped quite abruptly (about 39%) at the individual threshold. We observed that this decrease in mitoPo
2 occurred at least one hemodilution step before changes in other conventional parameters.

Conclusions
Cutaneous mitoPo
2 decreased typically one hemodilution step before occurrence of significant alterations in systemic oxygen consumption and lactate levels. This makes mitoPo
2 a potential early indicator of the physiologic limit of hemodilution and possibly a physiologic trigger for blood transfusion.