bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing pressure sores in the community
Authors: Hallett A. 
Published: December 2016

A six-month project was undertaken in the Portsmouth Healthcare NHS Trust to identify the prevalence of pressure sores and assess current practice and level of knowledge among nurses working in the community. Questionnaires were returned by 99 nurses and the pressure sore prevalence was found to be 4.4%; 72% of respondents performed pressure sore risk assessment routinely, 49% had access to appropriate equipment and 60% had good or acceptable levels of knowledge. However, 40% had poor knowledge of risk factors for pressure sore development, and 80% did not routinely carry out mattress testing. Eighty-five per cent of nurses stated that they would like a specialist advisory service.
Inter-observer variation in the assessment of skin ulceration
Authors: Buntinx F. , Beckers H. , Briers A. , De Keyser G. , Flour M. , Nissen G. , Raskin T. , De Vet H. 
Published: December 2016

Six observers (three physicians and three nurses) assessed 27 wounds of different types in 20 elderly patients, using five different classification systems. Using classification by colours, inter-observer agreement was moderate when six colours were used (70% agreement, group kappa 53%), and good if this was reduced to three (80% agreement, group kappa 64%). Results were only moderate using the Shea scoring system (68% agreement, group kappa 42%). Assessment for signs of infection was fair to moderate (75-85% agreement, group kappa 29-55%), but there was high inter-observer agreement for size and area (analysis of variance, p≥0.88).
Setting a standard for leg ulcer assessment
Authors: Elliot E. , Russell B. , Jaffrey G. 
Published: December 2016

District nurses in one division of Highland Communities NHS Trust set a standard for the assessment of leg ulcers and audited their practice against it. The standard was that ‘each patient referred with a leg ulcer is assessed by a trained nurse, using the agreed ulcer assessment form and Doppler ultrasound, within two weeks of referral’. This paper describes the audit processes which have led to the development of a multidisciplinary team approach for the management of leg ulcers in the community. It was found that only 30% (n=7) of the nurses surveyed met with the required standard. The survey will be repeated following the official implementation of the standard.
Qualitative bacteriology and leg ulcer healing
Authors: Trengove N.J. , Stacey M.C. , McGechie D.F. , Stingemore N.F. , Mata S. 
Published: December 2016

This study investigated the bacterial profile of leg ulcers in 52 patients attending the Fremantle Hospital leg ulcer clinic. The aim was to identify whether the presence of specific bacterial groups delays healing, whether the bacterial flora changes as ulcers heal and, if so, whether these changes influence healing. The results show that the presence of any one specific bacterial group did not appear to delay healing, although the presence of four or more bacterial groups was associated with delayed healing. This was found to be statistically significant. It was noted that the bacterial flora does change as ulcers heal and that these changes were not related to changes in healing, with the exception of skin flora.
From the Journals
Authors: Moore Keith , Lewis Brynda K. , Lewis Brynda K , Lewis Brynda K. , Booth Brian 
Published: December 2016

PLASMINOGEN ACTIVITY IN WOUND HEALING ELDERLY PEOPLE AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS ELDERLY PEOPLE AND MEAN DAILY PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS POSTOPERATIVE ENTERAL FEEDING ISSUES IN THE SELECTION OF WOUND-HEALING DRESSINGS
Clinical audit and effective change in leg ulcer services
Authors: Lambourne LA , Moffett C.J. , Jones A.C. , Dorman M.C. , Franks PJ. 
Published: December 2016

An audit of clinical leg ulcer services was undertaken in South Bedfordshire and was followed by a process of implementation using research-based methods; a re-audit was conducted 18 months later. Using an adaptation of the Riverside model, patients were referred to community leg ulcer clinics. They were assessed using Doppler ultrasound; those with ABPI >0.8 were treated using a high-compression four-layer bandage system. Those with ABPI 0.6-0.8 were treated using reduced compression, and those with ABPI <0.6 were sent to their GP for referral for specialist opinion. In October 1993, the average cost of consumables for each patient was £8.53, and this rose to £10.14 in May 1995. However, patients treated in community clinics had a reduced cost of consumables of £7.91 compared with £10.78 for patients treated at home. There was also a corresponding reduction in weekly treatments and an overall reduction in nursing time to treat patients. In 111 patients (134 limbs) treated by high compression in the community clinics, cumulative percentage healing was 54% after 12 weeks and 68% after 24 weeks. Although these results were lower than those achieved in the Riverside project, much of the difference can be explained by the different patient populations and ulcer duration. The results support a system of care which offers rationalisation of service, staff training and research-based effective assessment and treatment.
Evaluation of a hydrocolloid dressing
Authors: Schmitt M. , Vergnes Nancy, P. , Canarelli J.P. , Gailhrd S. , Daoud S. , Dodat H. , Lascombes P. , Melin Nancy, Y. , Morisson-Lacombe G. , Revillon Y. 
Published: December 2016

A hydrocolloid dressing was compared to adhesive skin tapes on children's postoperative wounds. A total of 170 children of varying ages were randomised in two parallel groups, in nine centres of plastic, thoracic, gastrointestinal, urogenital and orthopaedic surgery. Skin closure was satisfactory in both groups, with 76 (89.4%) healthy closures without dehiscence in the hydrocolloid group and 81(95.3%) in the control group; a relationship was found between partial closures/dehiscence and the type of surgical procedure. No product-related maceration, infection or adverse event was reported during the study and both groups showed very satisfactory cosmetic results.
Plantar ulceration in patients with leprosy
Authors: Cross H. , Kulkarni V.N. , Dey A. , Rendall G. 
Published: December 2016

A controlled trial was implemented to investigate the hypothesis that plantar ulcer sites associated with leprosy, in subjects who were supplied with foot orthoses, would heal more quickly than those in a control group. The population was comprised of individuals with impairments associated with leprosy, living near a leprosy hospital in India. Ulcer area was compared in the two groups and assessed at three-monthly intervals from July 1993 to March 1994. At the March 1994 assessment 58% of ulcers in the experimental group had healed but only 14% in the control group. At this point patients in the control group were supplied with orthoses and three months later, in June 1994, 60% of the ulcers in the experimental group and 62% of ulcers in the control group had healed. The results of this study demonstrate that orthotic intervention can significantly reduce the duration of ulceration.
Research roundup: December 2016
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: December 2016

In brief Inhaled corticosteroids increase the risk of oral candidiasis in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Low-dose aspirin is ineffective as primary cardiovascular prevention in type 2 diabetes Electronic prescriptions reduce the risk of nonadherence compared to paper scrips Prescriptions for oral anti-osteoporosis drugs in the UK have plateaued in men and decreased among women in recent years, while gaps in care remain
Serial Sampling of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T May Not Be Required for Prediction of Acute Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis in Chest Pain Patients with Highly Abnormal Concentrations at Presentation
Authors: Mueller-Hennessen Matthias , Mueller Christian , Giannitsis Evangelos , Biener Moritz , Vafaie Mehrshad , deFilippi Christopher R , Christ Michael , Ordóñez-Llanos Jorge , Panteghini Mauro , Plebani Mario , Verschuren Franck , Melki Dina , French John K , Christenson Robert H , Body Richard , McCord James , Dinkel Carina , Katus Hugo A ,   for the TRAPID-AMI Investigators, Lindahl Bertil 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Guidelines for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) recommend adding kinetic changes to the initial cardiac troponin (cTn) blood concentration to improve AMI diagnosis. We hypothesized that kinetic changes may not be required in patients presenting with highly abnormal cTn.

METHODS
Patients presenting with suspected AMI to the emergency department were enrolled in a prospective diagnostic study. We assessed the positive predictive value (PPV) of initial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) blood concentrations alone and in combination with kinetic changes for AMI. Predefined relative changes (δ change of ≥20%) and absolute changes (Δ change ≥9.2 ng/L) within different time intervals (1 h, 2 h, and 4–14 h after presentation) were assessed. The final diagnosis was adjudicated by 2 independent cardiologists.

RESULTS
Among 1282 patients, 213 (16.6%) patients had a final diagnosis of AMI. For AMI prediction, PPVs increased from 48.8% for an initial hs-cTnT &gt;14 ng/L to 87.2% for &gt;60 ng/L, whereas PPVs remained unchanged for higher hs-cTnT concentrations at baseline (87.1% for both &gt;80 ng/L and &gt;100 ng/L). With addition of 20% relative Δ change, PPVs were not further improved in patients with baseline hs-cTnT &gt;80 ng/L using the 1-h (84.0%) and 2-h (88.9%) intervals, and only minimally when extending the interval to 4–14 h (91.2% for &gt;80 ng/L and 90.4% for &gt;100 ng/L, respectively). Similar findings were observed when applying absolute changes.

CONCLUSIONS
In chest pain patients with highly abnormal hs-cTnT concentrations at presentation, subsequent blood draws may not be required, as they do not provide incremental diagnostic value for prediction of AMI diagnosis.
Theatre and participation: A critical examination of Sherry Arnstein’s ladder of participation in the Kamiriithu theatre experience
Authors: Afolabi Taiwo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article critically examines the framing process in Kenya’s famous Kamiriithu theatre experience through the hermeneutic lens of communicative action with the purpose of investigating the ingredients essential for citizen empowerment in theatre activities among communities. Sherry Arnstein’s ‘ladder of participation’, a framework that categorizes levels of community participation in development process, outlines eight tiers of participation, with ‘citizen empowerment’ occupying the apex of the ladder. Thus, using Arnstein’s ‘ladder of participation’ as a utopian framework, I ask about the extent to which theatre has moved beyond the level of advocacy. Participation is considered as both a verb and a noun; a dual reality that should inform theatre practitioners’ choice for the purpose of emancipation beyond the creative space and devising process. In achieving the over-arching goal of citizen empowerment, the theatre practitioner needs to position the people beyond the level of tokenism into partnership and empowerment by carefully mapping out strategies for citizenship participation.
The art of living in prison: A pragmatist aesthetic approach to participatory drama with women prisoners
Authors: Woodland Sarah 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Across the fields of applied theatre and prison theatre, there appears to be little analysis of aesthetics and aesthetic engagement for participants in prison-based participatory practices. This article presents a pragmatist aesthetic frame that I developed to analyse the experience of a drama programme I ran in a women’s prison. This frame evolved alongside the practice, drawing largely from John Dewey’s (1934) Art as Experience and a selection of contemporary scholars who, influenced by Dewey, work in the areas of aesthetics, ethics and education – most notably Richard Shusterman (2000, 2008) and David Granger (2006). I also incorporated narrative within this frame as an interpretive and expressive structure for experience, and a key element within my applied theatre practice. I began to conceive aesthetics in terms of an ‘art of living’, identifying a ‘poetics of renewal’ that informed the selfand world-creation of participants in the drama. I share this theoretical framework as a possible way to integrate the instrumental and the aesthetic in applied theatre theory and practice, specifically in a prison context.
Creative activism in the university: A case study of curricular design and implementation
Authors: Tilley Elspeth 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article discusses developing and implementing a university creative activism course. The course, Creativity in the Community, involves students working with a community partner to generate original performance work on a social justice issue. It aims to facilitate active citizenship and drive social change, as well as to effect change in participants. The critical reflection offered in this article covers course design and implementation, and illustrates pedagogical processes with a case study project that students completed in 2015, discussing hurdles faced and learning techniques used. The student-led project combined theatre, multimedia and creative writing to confront rape culture both in society and on the participants’ own university campus. The article is divided into three sections: origination (the genesis and ideas behind the course), production (the steps and challenges in making the creative work) and reception (what resulted). Throughout, the article particularly tries to record lessons learned by the educator about using creative activism as a pedagogical tool.
Fashionable flesh: Meat as clothing
Authors: Newman Emily L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Society’s fascination with women’s bodies is well known, so it is therefore unsurprising that many people strive to articulate and draw attention to the pervasive objectification of women. Dresses made of animal flesh have been variously fashioned by a diverse group of figures including activist Ann Simonton, punk musician Linder Sterling, artist Jana Sterbak, and singer Lady Gaga. The effectiveness of these works is only achieved through the collaborations between celebrity and designer, artist and press, and activist and media. Dependent upon each other, these works thrive on controversy and public attention. The audience is needed to fully objectify both the model wearing the clothing and the clothing itself, doubling the objectification. By exploring the societal implications and scandals that these works provoke, we can examine the way that these meat dresses have the ability to push the viewer to consider how women’s bodies are actually consumed in daily life.
Book Reviews
Authors: Divita Lorynn , Kurennaya Anya , Loranger David , Rabinovitch-Fox Einav , Tonkin Leanne , Yanofsky Anna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
FASHION VICTIMS: THE DANGERS OF DRESS PAST AND PRESENT, ALISON MATTHEWS DAVID (2015) London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 225 pp., ISBN: 9781845204495, h/bk, £25, $40
BRAND/STORY: CASES AND EXPLORATIONS IN FASHION BRANDING, JOSEPH H. HANCOCK, II (2016) 2nd ed., New York and London: Fairchild Books, 240 pp., ISBN: 9781501300028, p.bk, £60.00
DIGITAL TEXTILE PRINTING, SUSAN CARDEN (2016) London, UK: Bloomsbury, 144 pp., ISBN: 9781472535672, p/bk, $34.95
THE LOST ART OF DRESS: THE WOMEN WHO ONCE MADE AMERICA STYLISH, LINDA PRZYBYSZEWSKI (2014) New York: Basic Books, 347 pp., ISBN: 9780456036714, h/bk, $28.99
DRESS HISTORY: NEW DIRECTIONS IN THEORY AND PRACTICE, CHARLOTTE NICKLAS AND ANNEBELLA POLLEN (2015) 1st ed., London: Bloomsbury Academic, 215 pp., ISBN: 9780857856401, h/bk, $110; ISBN: 9780857855411, p/bk, $29.95
FASHION’S DOUBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF FASHION IN PAINTING, PHOTOGRAPHY AND FILM, ADAM GECZY AND VICKI KARAMINAS (2015) 1st ed., London: Bloomsbury Academic, 176 pp., ISBN: 9780857857118, p/bk, $29.95
Wearing modern democracy in Taiwan: Women’s hegemonic ideal body and ready-to-wear clothes
Authors: Lin Shih-Ying 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Gilles Lipovestsky claims that the mass production of ready-to-wear clothing was initially expected to create a democratic dynamic of fashion. These democratic aspirations were anticipated by scholars foreseeing a universality of access due to the availability of ready-to-wear clothing styles. However, we now acknowledge that this belief that fashion can be equally accessible to all is outdated. When fashion began to appear approachable for all, various styles, pluralistic aesthetics and new expressions of individuality came immediately into existence, brought about as if by the threat of such a democratic dynamic. Paradoxically, however, there has emerged an overarching aesthetic ideal of slimness and youth that encompasses the entire array of bodily performances today’s fashion world allows, pushing aside anyone whose physical shape does not match this ideal. Fashion’s quest for democratic utopia seems to have led consumers directly into a new predicament. However, my fieldwork on Taiwanese female fashion producers and consumers indicates that Taiwanese female consumers, rather than being enslaved to the hegemony of ideals governing this fashion system, negotiate within the system by dressing to articulate their own preferences of fashion and the ideal body.
Mapping fashion in the ‘City by the Sea’: Shopping districts in Newport, Rhode Island
Authors: Welters Linda , Pisula Jennifer , Martinelli Megan , Corrigan Mary Elizabeth , Lockrem Sarah , Templeton Sarah , Yang Sarah , Paquette Holly , Murphy Catherine , Baker Hilary 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Newport, Rhode Island is internationally recognized for both its prime location on Narragansett Bay and its storied history. Nicknamed the ‘City by the Sea’, it is famous for its world-class sailing, colonial New England architecture, Gilded Age mansions, trendy restaurants and bars, and nearby beaches. Cultural tourism is a multi-million dollar business for Rhode Island, especially for Newport, where shopping is fourth on the list of revenue generators. The relationship of an American resort city’s geographical setting, built environment, and cultural heritage to its fashion retail sector has not been explored. Acknowledging that fashion contributes to a city’s image, the authors review Newport’s history, provide a profile of Newport today, map Newport’s nine shopping districts, and analyse Newport’s fashion retail sector on the various streets, squares, wharves and piers. Such an analysis may prove useful to retailers in other resort cities – both small independent boutique owners and national chain stores – as well as city planners and tourism boards.
Walking the turtles: Minimalism in European dandy culture in the nineteenth century
Authors: Vainshtein Olga 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article looks at dandyism in Europe of the nineteenth century and aims to offer a structural description of dandyism as a cultural semiotic system encompassing fashion, techniques of the body, emotional discipline and behavioural strategies. Special attention is paid to the aesthetic principle of Minimalism, and to the further development of the theory of dandyism in mid-nineteenth-century treatises. The article is focused around structural correspondences between different aspects of dandyism from dress and canons of elegance, to code of conduct, speech patterns and personal hygiene.
Lifelong mentoring in an adult chamber ensemble
Authors: Goodrich Andrew 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The learning and sharing of musical experiences via lifelong mentoring was explored in an adult amateur chamber ensemble at a community music school in the Northeast United States. Participants in this study included a flautist (retired Dean at a major university), a pianist (retired geneticist at a major university) and a bassoonist (employed as an architect during this study). I explored how and why the participants in this study engaged in their efforts to elevate their performance skills both individually and as an ensemble within lifelong mentoring. The following two questions guided this study: (1) How did these adult amateur musicians engage in lifelong mentoring with each other? (2) Why did these adult amateur musicians continue to perform in a music ensemble? Data collection for this study included interviews and observations of rehearsals and one performance during the course of a recital preparation sequence. Data was analysed using a system of coding and two themes emerged during the process: Musicianship and Friendship. For the participants in this study, lifelong mentoring occurred for personal enjoyment, improvement of their individual performance skills, opportunities for learning new musical knowledge, and social interactions with each other. Implications from this study suggest that providing students with opportunities to mentor each other on their own in addition to coaching from their teacher can provide opportunities for lifelong learning in music.
Was John Wayne a Nazi? The racial politics of taste in 1980s US hardcore punk
Authors: Winkler Robert A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article sheds light on hardcore punk’s racial politics of taste within the framework of racial discourses in Reagan’s 1980s America. The first wave of hardcore punk was composed almost exclusively of male, white, suburban youth and often referenced white supremacist imagery with various political intentions. The goal of my article is to investigate hardcore punk’s potential to deconstruct the hypocrisy of a seemingly ‘colour-blind’ society by means of subversive appropriation of white power imagery. I will formulate a hardcore punk’s racial politics of taste to closeread the songs ‘Reagan Youth’ and ‘John Wayne Was a Nazi’.
Factory records and the situationist influence on urban space
Authors: Ingham James 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
There has been a substantial amount of literature on Factory Records and Manchester, with some exploring the urban influence on music and its associated local identities. Writing on post-punk has also considered regional and local influences. This article proposes a new approach with a detailed consideration of the Situationist influence and wider European radical theory on Factory Records. In particular it shows that this influence enabled Factory to create new ways of shaping and interacting with urban space. The investigation incorporates a historical discourse of Factory and the role Situationist theory played in the music, design, artwork and creation of spaces. The investigation is supported by the integration of urban theory and geographical theory. Like other punk and post-punk independent labels, Factory had European connections. For Factory though, the article explains, it is the combination of these links with the incorporation of a European radical tradition, in particular the use of the Situationist approach to the urban environment, that makes it distinctive. By incorporating this wider European influence on the development of punk and post-punk it is possible to highlight previously unacknowledged aspects of post-punk’s regional voice and connections to a wider sense of European identity.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bestley Russ , Worley Matthew 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
OH SO PRETTY: PUNK IN PRINT 1976–80, TOBY MOTT 512 pp., paperback, ISBN 9780714872759, 2016, London: Phaidon, The Mott Collection, £19.95
GOD SAVE SEX PISTOLS, JOHAN KUGELBERG, JON SAVAGE AND GLENN TERRY 320 pp., hardback, ISBN 0847846261, 2016, New York: Rizzoli, £45.00