bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chance Encounters of the Musical Kind: Electronica and Audiovisual Synchronization in Three Films Directed by Tom Tykwer
Authors: Spring Katherine 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis essay examines the interaction of electronica music, editing, and shot composition in three films directed by Tom Tykwer, all of which share the dramatic theme of the chance encounter, and all of which were scored by Tykwer in collaboration with pop-music composers and producers Johnny Klimek and Reinhold Heil. By using electronica music, the films train the audience’s attention to subtle changes of musical texture, which, when synchronized to changes in the image, help to convey the theme of the chance encounter. I argue further that the compositional practices that characterize Tykwer’s approach to film music constitute a fundamental shift not only from the leitmotif-bound tradition of classical Hollywood scoring but also from that same tradition’s Romantic conception of the single, creative artist who works within a musical canon associated with high art.
Hearing the silences (as well as the music) in Michael Haneke’s films
Authors: Walker Elsie 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The infrequency of music in Michael Haneke’s films is frequently mentioned by critics, but usually only in passing. That Haneke often denies his audiences the comfort of suturing or conventional musical structures demands closer scrutiny. I explore the openings of representative examples: Caché (2005) and Funny Games (1997, remade in 2007). The structured silences of Caché have the most unnerving power: the absence of any harmonious, rhythmic, or melodic pattern communicates the devastating inconclusiveness that is, in the film, connected with the fallout from colonial tragedy. The sparing use of music in both versions of Funny Games is no less confrontational: the opening collision of operatic and thrashpunk music establishes Haneke’s intent to radically reframe the horror genre. I explore how these soundtracks are crucial for establishing that the films are “interrogative texts” (to apply Catherine Belsey’s term), films that self-consciously raise unsettling questions as opposed to offering the spectator the formulaic security of classic realism. Ultimately, I argue that the soundtracks of Haneke’s films also call attention to the processes of their construction and manipulation so as to be, in the director’s words, “more honest.”
Playing Dionysus: An Interview with Myself
Authors: Vened Christopher 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
"Playing Dionysus" is a fragment of my memoir on the Wrocław Pantomime Theater. It is about my experiences as an actor-mime working on the leading dual-role of the Guest and Dionysus in the famous production of Przyjeżdżam jutro (Arriving Tomorrow) that dazzled the world in the seventies. Those experiences were precious. The older I become, the more I realize how special they were. So I write about them to better understand them and to pass this knowledge to the reader. I explore certain acting and movement techniques in this article, which will be particularly educational for theater professionals. I also analyze in depth the main theme of Arriving Tomorrow, which was about the Dionysian frenzy, arriving at an existential message with a moral open to interpretation. In short, the message is that the Dionysian frenzy can take possession of anybody. So be aware. It can happen to you too.
Going Global? An Attempt to Challenge the Peripheral Position of Early Modern Polish-Lithuanian Painting in the Historiography of Art
Authors: Grusiecki Tomasz 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This essay has been conceived from the desire to challenge the paradigm of core and periphery in the historiography of Western art: a long-embedded model that perpetuates the notion of early modern western European art as the sole locus of artistic innovation, at the expense of east-central European and American peripheries. In order to provide this article with a workable scope, the role of a benchmark by which to test the validity of the author’s claims has been assigned to the analysis of early modern Polish-Lithuanian artistic production and consumption as part of the greater network of trade and cultural exchange operating in the new globalizing world of early modernity. Through such discussion, this essay attempts to confront prevailing orthodoxies about artistic peripheries, and spark a debate about reasons for the exclusion of artistic peripheries from the hegemonic historiographies of art.
Catalyst for Revolution Pope John Paul II’s 1979 Pilgrimage to Poland and Its Effects on Solidarity and the Fall of Communism
Authors: Kraszewski Gracjan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
George Weigel has argued, that "Poland was not a communist state; Poland was a Catholic nation saddled with communism." Pope John Paul II, as Wojtyła was now known, was not content with sitting in Rome and merely giving moral support to his home country. As soon as time allowed he planned to make a pilgrimage to his homeland. That historic visit, from June 2 through June 10, 1979, is the focus of this article. The Pope’s first trip to Poland awoke a religious zeal and national pride that had lain largely dormant for years under the weight of Soviet rule. This "renaissance" produced significant consequences both within Polish borders and beyond, serving as the glue of the 1980s’ Solidarity movement (Solidarność) and, therefore, helping to facilitate the collapse of Polish communism and indeed the entire Soviet Union. Drawing from a bevy of primary sources in the form of the Pope’s homilies, addresses, and speeches during his nine-day visit in 1979, this article takes a thematic look at the visit itself, reaction to it, and, finally, long-term effects. While done with words not guns, John Paul, via his 1979 pilgrimage, set off a revolution just as consequential as the storming of the Bastille and Lenin’s seizure of power in post-tsarist Russia.Throughout roughly a millennium of Polish history nothing has been more identifiable with the country than its Roman Catholicism. From MieszkoI’s baptism in the Western Rite in 966, to the crowning of Mary (Our Lady of Częstochowa) as Queen and Protector of Poland in 1656, the religion has defined Polish culture. But by the close of World War II, with Poland firmly in the grasp of the Soviet Union, Polish Christianity was threatened by a communist system that sought not only to subdue religious devotion but to utterly eradicate it. As the Cold War era commenced, the Soviet Union’s efforts to bend Polish society toward atheistic materialism, via the proxy rule of men such as Gomułka, Bierut, and Gierek, seemed to be working. In 1978, however, everything changed. In October of that year, the former Archbishop of Kraków, Karol Wojtyła, had been elected to the papacy. Even more striking than becoming the first non-Italian pope in four and a half centuries (since Dutchman Adrian VI, elected in 1523) was that Wojtyła hailed from a communist country, leading an Italian journalist to proclaim "the Soviets would prefer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn as Secretary-General of the United Nations than a Pole as Pope." Popular reaction in Poland was unprecedented and the mass outpouring of joy by the people made it clear, as George Weigel has argued, that "Poland was not a communist state; Poland was a Catholic nation saddled with communism."
The Polish Contribution to the Development of European Democracy: Interpretations in American Textbooks
Authors: Peck Anna 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Teaching about democracy, its ideas and genesis, which are ingrained in the tradition of Western civilization, constitutes one of the fundamental educational objectives in the United States. A commitment to the values and principles of democracy and to the Constitution, which establishes and protects fundamental rights and liberties, is a foundation of American society. Tracing the roots of democracy in ancient Athens, and in medieval English documents, such as the Magna Carta Libertatum of 1215, high school and college textbooks usually discuss the development of democratic patterns of government in seventeenth-century England and Holland, and sometimes Switzerland. But what about the democracy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a unique political system that functioned during three centuries, from the sixteenth century to the end of the eighteenth? Does it belong to the Western tradition? How is Polish democracy, with all its developments, achievements, and imperfections, presented and perceived in contemporary American textbooks? The significance of these questions is closely related to the concept of the availability heuristic: the quality and quantity of provided information and its interpretation play a considerable role in creating and expressing opinions about Polish history and its contribution to the development of democracy. This article examines history textbooks used at three levels of education: basic high school, College Board Advanced Placement programs, and college undergraduate. The basic high school level includes World History or World Civilization courses; Advanced Placement programs offer courses in Advanced Placement (AP) World History and AP European History; and finally, the college undergraduate level recommends a course in Western Civilization. While the goal of the basic high school courses, taught to freshman or sophomore classes, is to present global history in a rather concise way, the College Board AP courses discuss problems in much a broader historical and cultural context. Especially important is the AP European History course, which covers modern European history from the High Renaissance of the fifteenth century, the time that Polish democracy began to develop. According to the course description, "the AP European History course corresponds to the most recent developments in history curricula at the undergraduate level"; and it covers "questions in cultural, diplomatic, economic, intellectual, political, and social history." Although it concentrates on Western Europe, AP European History has been enlarged to encompass areas of Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland.
Pathologic Disorders of the Foot in Professional Female Flamenco Dancers
Authors: Castillo-López José M , Munuera-Martínez Pedro V , Algaba-Guisado Cristina , Reina-Bueno María , Salti-Pozo Nadia , Vargas-Macías Alfonso 
Published: February 2016

Background: The foot is the main element of artistic creation in flamenco dancing. At the professional level, the foot undergoes high musculoskeletal demands, predisposing the development of podiatric pathologic disorders in this group. The principal objective of this study was to determine the most common foot lesions in professional female flamenco dancers.Methods: In a cross-sectional observational study of 44 female professional flamenco dancers, the participants completed a short questionnaire about their demographic features, number of hours danced per week, and years of professional activity. Any foot lesions presented by the participant were also recorded.Results: Some type of pathologic foot condition was noted in 75% of the women, with a particularly high prevalence of hallux abducto valgus (61.4%), hypermobility of the first ray (43.2%), claw toe (40.9%), and varus fifth toe (37.5%) compared with the general population. No significant differences in the presence of pathologic disorders of the foot were found according to the time dedicated to dance or the years of professional activity.Conclusions: Female flamenco dancers in this study had a high prevalence of podiatric medical problems: some kind of pathologic abnormality of the foot was present in 75% of the participants. Hallux abducto valgus, claw toe, and hypermobility of the first ray were the most common pathologic disorders observed.
Foot Complications and Mortality
Authors: McEwen Laura N. , Ylitalo Kelly R. , Munson Michael , Herman William H. , Wrobel James S. 
Published: February 2016

Background: We sought to study the impact of foot complications on 10-year mortality independent of other demographic and biological risk factors in a racially and socioeconomically diverse managed-care population with access to high-quality medical care.
Methods: We studied 6,992 patients with diabetes in Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD), a prospective observational study of diabetes care in managed care. Foot complications were assessed using administrative claims data. The National Death Index was searched for deaths across 10 years of follow-up (2000-2009).
Results: Charcot's neuro-osteoarthropathy and diabetic foot ulcer with debridement were associated with an increased risk of mortality; however, the associations were not significant in fully adjusted models. Lower-extremity amputation (LEA) was associated with an increased risk of mortality in unadjusted (hazard ratio [HR], 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.50–4.12) and fully adjusted (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.28–2.63) models. When we examined the associations between LEA and mortality stratified by sex and race, risk was increased in men (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.25–3.07), Hispanic individuals (HR, 5.17; 95% CI, 1.48–18.01), and white individuals (HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.37–3.47). In sensitivity analyses, minor LEA tended to increase the risk of mortality (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.92–2.40), and major LEA was associated with a significantly higher risk of death at 10 years (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.18–3.01).
Conclusions: In this managed-care population with access to high-quality medical care, LEA remained a robust independent predictor of mortality. The association was strongest in men and differed by race.
Investigating the chemical mist deposition technique for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) on textured crystalline-silicon for organic/crystalline-silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Hossain Jaker , Ohki Tatsuya , Ichikawa Koki , Fujiyama Kazuhiko , Ueno Keiji , Fujii Yasuhiko , Hanajiri Tatsuro , Shirai Hajime 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Chemical mist deposition (CMD) of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was investigated in terms of cavitation frequency f, solvent, flow rate of nitrogen, substrate temperature T
s, and substrate dc bias V
s as variables for efficient PEDOT:PSS/crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunction solar cells. The high-speed-camera and differential mobility analysis characterizations revealed that the average size and flux of PEDOT:PSS mist depend on f, type of solvent, and V
s. Film deposition occurred when positive V
s was applied to the c-Si substrate at T
s of 30–40 °C, whereas no deposition of films occurred with negative V
s, implying that the film is deposited mainly from negatively charged mist. The uniform deposition of PEDOT:PSS films occurred on textured c-Si(100) substrates by adjusting T
s and V
s. The adhesion of CMD PEDOT:PSS film to c-Si was greatly enhanced by applying substrate dc bias V
s compared with that of spin-coated film. The CMD PEDOT:PSS/c-Si heterojunction solar cell devices on textured c-Si(100) in 2 × 2 cm2 exhibited a power conversion efficiency η of 11.0% with better uniformity of the solar cell parameters. Furthermore, η was increased to 12.5% by adding an AR coating layer of molybdenum oxide MoO
x
formed by CMD. These findings suggest that CMD with negatively charged mist has great potential for the uniform deposition of organic and inorganic materials on textured c-Si substrates by suitably adjusting T
s and V
s.
In situ observation of containerless protein crystallization by magnetically levitating crystal growth
Authors: Maki Syou , Tanimoto Yoshifumi , Udagawa Chikako , Morimoto Shotaro , Hagiwara Masayuki 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We report on the results of the crystal growth of hen-egg lysozyme by magnetically levitating crystals in a small amount of buffer solution. The concentrations of lysozyme and the precipitating agent (gadolinium chloride) were 6.53 wt % and 0.362 mol/kg, respectively. Gadolinium chloride, which induces the magneto-Archimedes effect, was utilized to levitate the crystals with B

z
· (dB

z
/d
z) = 22.46 T2/m, where B

z
is the vertical (z) component of the magnetic flux density vector. Although the collected crystals were small, we succeeded in maintaining the levitation of the crystals into a specific place in the liquid phase from the beginning of nucleation. In situ observation revealed that a state of pseudo-weightlessness was generated in the vicinity of the magnet bore edge, and small crystals were concentrated inside the domain moving along an hourglass-shaped surface. We found by numerical computations that the formation of the hourglass-shaped domain is attributable to the radial component of the magnetic force.
Optical properties of inorganic electroluminescent devices with nanostripe electrodes
Authors: Nonaka Toshihiro , Yamamoto Shin-ichi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we report on the luminescence (emission) characteristics of a laminated dispersion-type inorganic electroluminescent (EL) device with a nanostripe electrode made of thin Al film, instead of a conventional indium–tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode, on the emission side of the device. The transmittance of the Al nanostripe electrode, with 60-nm line-and-space widths, was 45%. We compared an inorganic EL device positioned between two thin films of Al and the inorganic EL device with the Al nanostripe electrode using electric field simulations and actual experiments. We were able to apply the same electric field intensity to the phosphor layer in the conventional structure and to the new structure. Therefore, with an Al nanostripe electrode on one side of the EL device, it is possible to fabricate an ITO-free display.
Effects of applying bias voltage on metal-coated pentacene films on SiO2 studied by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Hirosawa Ichiro , Watanabe Takeshi , Oji Hiroshi , Yasuno Satoshi , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Tada Keisuke , Yoshimoto Noriyuki 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The effects of bias voltage application on C 1s photoelectron kinetic energies in Au- and Ag-coated pentacene films on SiO2 were studied by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was observed that the kinetic energies of C 1s were smaller in shallow regions in contact with metals than in mid regions of the pentacene films. The differences in C 1s kinetic energy between the shallow and mid regions of the Ag-coated pentacene films were slightly larger than those of the Au-coated films. The differences in the kinetic energies were decreased by applying negative voltages. The larger effect of voltage application was observed in the Ag-coated film than in the Au-coated film. In addition, partially reduced Si atoms in SiO2 were found at the interface to the pentacene film.
Fault‐controlled lithospheric detachment of the volcanic southern South Atlantic rift
Authors: Becker Katharina , Tanner David C. , Franke Dieter , Krawczyk Charlotte M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present structural models of two exemplary conjugate seismic lines of the southernmost South Atlantic margins to examine their initial evolution, especially the seaward‐dipping reflectors (SDRs). Modeling illustrates the different structure and inclination angles of the SDRs, which therefore require different subsidence histories. Since typical symmetrical subsidence models are not applicable, we suggest a model with a westward‐dipping detachment fault that offsets the SDRs on the South American margin and we speculate on passively subsided SDRs on the South African margin. We propose a simple‐shear rifting mechanism to explain the initial break‐up of the South Atlantic.
Dynamic simulations of potential methane release from East Siberian continental slope sediments
Authors: Stranne C. , O'Regan M. , Dickens G. R. , Crill P. , Miller C. , Preto P. , Jakobsson M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSediments deposited along continental margins of the Arctic Ocean presumably host large amounts of methane (CH4) in gas hydrates. Here we apply numerical simulations to assess the potential of gas hydrate dissociation and methane release from the East Siberian slope over the next 100 years. Simulations are based on a hypothesized bottom water warming of 3°C, and an assumed starting distribution of gas hydrate. The simulation results show that gas hydrate dissociation in these sediments is relatively slow, and that CH4fluxes toward the seafloor are limited by low sediment permeability. The latter is true even when sediment fractures are permitted to form in response to overpressure in pore space. With an initial gas hydrate distribution dictated by present‐day pressure and temperature conditions, nominally 0.35 Gt of CH4are released from the East Siberian slope during the first 100 years of the simulation. However, this CH4discharge becomes significantly smaller (∼0.05 Gt) if glacial sea level changes in the Arctic Ocean are considered. This is because a lower sea level during the last glacial maximum (LGM) must result in depleted gas hydrate abundance within the most sensitive region of the modern gas hydrate stability zone. Even if all released CH4reached the atmosphere, the amount coming from East Siberian slopes would be trivial compared to present‐day atmospheric CH4inputs from other sources.
Evaluating CMIP5 ocean biogeochemistry and Southern Ocean carbon uptake using atmospheric potential oxygen: Present‐day performance and future projection
Authors: Nevison C. D. , Manizza M. , Keeling R. F. , Stephens B. B. , Bent J. D. , Dunne J. , Ilyina T. , Long M. , Resplandy L. , Tjiputra J. , Yukimoto S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObserved seasonal cycles in atmospheric potential oxygen (APO ~ O2 + 1.1 CO2) were used to evaluate eight ocean biogeochemistry models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Model APO seasonal cycles were computed from the CMIP5 air‐sea O2 and CO2 fluxes and compared to observations at three Southern Hemisphere monitoring sites. Four of the models captured either the observed APO seasonal amplitude or phasing relatively well, while the other four did not. Many models had an unrealistic seasonal phasing or amplitude of the CO2 flux, which in turn influenced APO. By 2100 under RCP8.5, the models projected little change in the O2 component of APO but large changes in the seasonality of the CO2 component associated with ocean acidification. The models with poorer performance on present‐day APO tended to project larger net carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean, both today and in 2100.
Probabilistic collocation method for strongly nonlinear problems: 3. Transform by time
Authors: Liao Qinzhuo , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe probabilistic collocation method (PCM) has drawn wide attention for stochastic analysis recently. Its results may become inaccurate in case of a strongly nonlinear relation between random parameters and model responses. To tackle this problem, we proposed a location‐based transformed PCM (xTPCM) and a displacement‐based transformed PCM (dTPCM) in previous parts of this series. Making use of the transform between response and space, the above two methods, however, have certain limitations. In this study, we introduce a time‐based transformed PCM (tTPCM) employing the transform between response and time. We conduct numerical experiments to investigate its performance in uncertainty quantification. The results show that the tTPCM greatly improves the accuracy of the traditional PCM in a cost‐effective manner and is more general and convenient than the xTPCM/dTPCM.