bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer-Based Auditory Training Programs for Children with Hearing Impairment – A Scoping Review
Authors: Nanjundaswamy Manohar , Prabhu Prashanth , Rajanna Revathi , Ningegowda Raghavendra , Sharma Madhuri 
Published: April 2017

Introduction Communication breakdown, a consequence of hearing impairment (HI), is being fought by fitting amplification devices and providing auditory training since the inception of audiology. The advances in both audiology and rehabilitation programs have led to the advent of computer-based auditory training programs (CBATPs).
Objective To review the existing literature documenting the evidence-based CBATPs for children with HIs. Since there was only one such article, we also chose to review the commercially available CBATPs for children with HI. The strengths and weaknesses of the existing literature were reviewed in order to improve further researches.
Data Synthesis Google Scholar and PubMed databases were searched using various combinations of keywords. The participant, intervention, control, outcome and study design (PICOS) criteria were used for the inclusion of articles. Out of 124 article abstracts reviewed, 5 studies were shortlisted for detailed reading. One among them satisfied all the criteria, and was taken for review. The commercially available programs were chosen based on an extensive search in Google. The reviewed article was well-structured, with appropriate outcomes. The commercially available programs cover many aspects of the auditory training through a wide range of stimuli and activities.
Conclusions There is a dire need for extensive research to be performed in the field of CBATPs to establish their efficacy, also to establish them as evidence-based practices.
Einfluss von operativer und konservativer Therapie auf die Arbeitsfähigkeit bei Patienten mit subakromialem Impingement – eine prospektive klinische Vergleichsstudie
Authors: Schulze Christoph , Köhler Hans , Kaltenborn Alexander , Gutcke André , Tischer Thomas 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das subakromiale Impingement-Syndrom der Schulter ist eine der häufigsten Ursachen für Schulterschmerzen. Die Therapie ist langwierig und berufliche Ausfallzeiten sind entsprechend lang. Zunehmend werden operative Versorgungen durchgeführt, obwohl die konservative Therapie eine etablierte Versorgung darstellt. Eine Untersuchung, inwieweit die Dauer der Arbeitsunfähigkeit von der Therapieoption beeinflusst wird, fehlt.
Methoden In diese prospektive klinische Untersuchung wurden 86 Patienten (weiblich: 21, männlich: 65; Durchschnittsalter 45,8 ± 12,3 Jahre) eingeschlossen. Im operativen Therapiearm erfolgte eine arthroskopische Versorgung, während im konservativen Therapiearm Infiltrationen und eine standardisierte ärztlich kontrollierte Physiotherapie durchgeführt wurden. Kontrolluntersuchungen fanden nach 3 und 6 Monaten statt. Erhoben wurden Dauer der Arbeitsunfähigkeit, Constant Score und Schmerzniveau auf der numerischen Rating-Skala.
Ergebnisse Bei beiden Therapieoptionen verbesserten sich Schmerz und Funktion, allerdings schneller in der konservativen Gruppe. Die Dauer der Arbeitsunfähigkeit war bei Patienten nach einer operativen Versorgung durchschnittlich 7 ± 5 Wochen länger als unter konservativer Therapie (p < 0,001). Ein signifikanter Einfluss von Komorbiditäten des Akromioklavikulargelenks konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Zeichen einer Bursitis in der MRT waren Prädiktor für einen günstigen Verlauf.
Schlussfolgerung Während konservative und operative Therapieoption beide zu einer suffizienten Besserung der Beschwerden bei subakromialem Impingement führen, erreichen die Patienten unter ärztlich kontrollierter konservativer Therapie schneller die Arbeitsfähigkeit.
Metabolic Profiling of Hoodia, Chamomile, Terminalia Species and Evaluation of Commercial Preparations Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Avula Bharathi , Wang Yan-Hong , Isaac Giorgis , Yuk Jimmy , Wrona Mark , Yu Kate , Khan Ikhlas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUltrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS) profiling was used for the identification of marker compounds and generation of metabolic patterns that could be interrogated using chemometric modeling software. UHPLC-QToF-MS was used to generate comprehensive fingerprints of three botanicals (Hoodia, Terminalia, and chamomile), each having different classes of compounds. Detection of a broad range of ions was carried out in full scan mode in both positive and negative modes over the range m/z 100–1700 using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to extract relevant chemical information from the data to easily differentiate between Terminalia species, chamomile varieties, and quality control of Hoodia products. Using nontargeted analysis, identification of 37 compounds contributed to the differences between Terminalia species, 26 flavonoids were identified to show the differences between German and Roman chamomile, and 43 pregnane glycosides were identified from Hoodia gordonii samples. The UHPLC-QToF-MS-based chemical fingerprinting with principal component analysis was able to correctly distinguish botanicals and their commercial products. This work can be used as a basis to assure the quality of botanicals and commercial products.
Drama for developing integrity in Higher Education
Authors: Jagiello-Rusilowski Adam 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDeveloping academic integrity is context-based and ineffective through formal courses. The article explores the meanings of academic integrity, reviews literature on educational strategies towards its development and presents the design and results of the author’s research on how drama may augment development of academic integrity of MBA students in the innovation camp setting. The philosophical framework for integrity learning and its perception by students comes from Bakhtin’s dialogical theory of self and critical pedagogy of Freire. Drama is offered as a learning medium which provides context to explore multiple perspectives and imaginary dialogues of characters who may take ethically dubious positions. Assessment of integrity at the input stage and after completion of the drama sessions was two-fold. A self-efficacy test was used for standardized measurement and sociometry was applied to asses four areas of ethical education: (1) being sensitive to ethical dilemmas at stake; (2) reasoning/reflective skills and; (3) motivation/conviction to give over other considerations to the values, principles, or ideals that prompt the action to be taken; (4) strategizing to act ethically. The findings suggest that drama effectively augments the development of otherwise stable integrity of MBS students by making them more optimistic about their courage to adhere to values in face of adversity, especially to defend diversity as a human right and pre-condition for innovation. This article is published as part of a collection on integrity and its counterfeits.
Stressed vowels of European Portuguese in spontaneous speech
Authors: Rato Anabela , Rodrigues Celeste , Varanda Patrícia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We analyzed speech data of two corpora collected with a 15–17-year gap in Braga, Portugal, to study the acoustic features of European Portuguese (EP) vowels in spontaneous speech, and to understand whether the vowels produced in this northern dialect are acoustically distinct from those of the standard variety, and if diachronic changes occurred in vowel quality. The results revealed that vowels in the speech of Braga are more open, the front vowels are more centralized, and the back vowels are less back than in the Lisbon variety, suggesting the existence of phonetic contrasts in these regional varieties of EP. Differences in vowel quality between the two speech corpora were also found; however, they may not suggest diachronic change, but rather the effect of a methodological factor in data collection.
Building a prosodic profile of European Portuguese varieties
Authors: Cruz Marisa , Oliveira Pedro , Palma Pedro , Neto Bruno , Frota Sónia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In the present paper we explore a methodology to map prosodic variation in Portuguese, namely intonation and rhythm, which goes beyond the traditional approaches used to represent segmental, lexical or syntactic variation. To find the most adequate mapping method for intonation and rhythm, we tested spatial interaction models for the representation of nuclear contours, and spatial interpolation methods for rhythmic distinctions across varieties. Our results show a non-contiguous distribution of prosodic features, thus not matching the regional areas previously defined on the basis of segmental, lexical or syntactic variation. These results, together with those of previous studies across varieties of other languages, provide growing evidence that the distribution of prosodic features tends to be independent of geography, unlike non-prosodic variation.
The yes-no question contour in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Castelo Joelma , Frota Sónia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to provide a phonological analysis of neutral yes-no questions in Brazilian Portuguese in seven varieties (Paraíba, Sergipe, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul), most of them spoken along the Atlantic Coast. The analysis followed the autosegmental-metrical framework (Ladd, 2008), and the P-ToBI system for intonational labeling (Frota et al., 2015a; Frota, Oliveira, Cruz, & Vigário, 2015c). The distribution of the nuclear contour indicates a geographical continuum, where a rising contour is found in the North and a rising-falling contour in the Center-Southern regions.
“Vocês tenham cuidado, sois educadas para isso”
Authors: Aguiar Joana , de Paiva Maria da Conceição 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The replacement of the pronoun vós ‘you’ by vocês ‘you’ is a widely spread change in spoken Portuguese. Nonetheless, the pronoun vós can be attested in certain varieties of European Portuguese, as in Braga, a city in the Northwest of Portugal. This paper focuses on variation between these two forms of address in subject function (overt or null subject) and in complement function. Our goal is to verify the social and linguistic factors associated to the overt pronoun vós. The analysis of a socially stratified sample of sociolinguistic interviews shows that the overt pronoun vós is rarely used in the region and that the use of 2nd person plural null subjects as address forms is decreasing, in contrast to an increasing use of vocês and 3rd person plural forms.
Variable use of strong preterites
Authors: Barbosa Pilar , Bastos-Gee Ana , Flores Cristina 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper examines a particular case of variable syncretism in the Minho region in Portugal, involving the 1st person singular (1sg) and 3rd person singular (3sg) forms of “strong” preterits of the verbs estar ‘be-stative’, ter ‘have’, fazer ‘do’ and ser /ir ‘be’/‘go’. These forms can be levelled, affecting the 1st or the 3rd person. Fifty interviews from a socially stratified corpus of the relevant dialect were examined by running a mixed effect binominal analysis, which identified as main predictors the factors subject expression, verb and level of education. Moreover, there is a difference between estar/ter/fazer ‘be-stative/have/do’ and ser/ir ‘be/go’. In the latter case, only one form is used (the 3rd person form foi), while in the case of estar/ter/fazer ‘be-stative/have/do’ levelling can be realized by either the form for 1sg or 3sg. This inter-linguistic variation is analysed following the “late insertion” model of Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz, 1993). We develop an account of these agreement levelling effects that is based on the interaction between the internal syntax of strong preterites and the late insertion of underspecified functional Vocabulary Items. We propose a derivation of the different forms in the standard dialect and then we offer an analysis of levelling where intra-speaker variation is tied to the probabilistic application of feature deleting Impoverishment operations along the lines of Nevins and Parrott (2010). Inter-speaker variation is due to different choices as to which feature sets are subject to Impoverishment: the features for Person or T. For estar/ter/fazer ‘be-stative/have/do’ these two operations yield different outputs (in the case of ter, /teve/ and /tive/, respectively). For ser/ir ‘be/go’ the resulting forms are homophonous, namely /foj/ in both cases.
Analyzing a parametric change in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Duarte Maria Eugenia Lammoglia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents an empirical investigation of a process of change in course in Brazilian Portuguese related to the re-setting of the value of the Null Subject Parameter. Structural constraints that facilitate or refrain the change towards overt pronominal subjects come from diachronic and synchronic analyses. A discussion concerning how non-referential subjects are affected is also presented. Brazilian Portuguese topic prominence will be shown to be responsible not only for the lack of lexical expletives in the system but also for the emergence of a number of strategies consisting in the raising of referential contituents to Spec, TP, so as to avoid a null expletive. The theoretical framework guiding the analysis associates Principles and Parameters Theory (Chomsky, 1981 and subsequent work) and the model to study Language Variation and Change as proposed by Weinreich, Labov, and Herzog (1986). It will be shown that the theoretical support adopted highlights the path for the empirical analysis, from the establishment of hypotheses and linguistic factors constraing the process to the interpretation of the effects of the change.
Agreement in Portuguese
Authors: Vieira Sílvia Rodrigues , Brandão Sílvia Figueiredo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to relate the status of linguistic rules (Labov, 2003) and the characterization of varieties/languages. Based on the assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics, patterns of nominal and verbal number agreement in European and Brazilian Portuguese are described. In order to bring evidence to support the analysis, we present quantitative and qualitative characterization of data. Results from recent investigations (Mota & Vieira, 2013) allow us to outline clear differences between Brazilian and European patterns. Defining the typology of rules – variable, semi-categorical, categorical – can serve to evaluate typological profiles for several grammatical phenomena and it is a strong methodological procedure to distinguish what is apparently variable and what actually constitutes a general trend or default option.
Dative variation in the Portuguese of São Tomé
Authors: Gonçalves Rita 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Portuguese of São Tomé (pst) exhibits two strategies to express Recipients: double object constructions (DOC) and ditransitive prepositional constructions (DPC), which employ either the preposition a ‘to’ or the preposition para ‘toward’ (R. Gonçalves 2010). Using data from a spoken corpus, we will analyze to which extent linguistic and extra-linguistic variables can play a role in pst dative variation. Therefore, we will discuss whether it follows Rappaport-Hovav and Levin’s (2008) distinction between give-type verbs (core dative verbs), which occur in both DOC and DPC introduced by a functional preposition, and throw/send-type verbs (non-core dative verbs), which can occur in a DPC introduced either by a functional or directional preposition. We will further address the role of contact with Santome.
Simple past with pluperfect interpretation
Authors: Martins Kellen Cozine , de Paiva Maria da Conceição 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this chapter, we analyze the variation between simple past and compound pluperfect forms to indicate past-in-the-past in European and Brazilian spoken Portuguese. Comparing data from Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon, we focus on the effect of three variables: verbal person, reference time and type of clause. Using multivariate analysis, we discuss the traditional assumption according to which the simple past with past-in-the-past reference is constrained in the third-person plural. We provide strong evidence that semantic and discursive relations are of utmost importance to the interpretation of simple past as past-in-the-past.
Spawning, Embryology, and Larval Development of the Milletseed Butterflyfish Chaetodon miliaris in the Laboratory
Authors: Degidio Jon-Michael L A , Yanong Roy P E , Watson Craig A , Ohs Cortney L , Cassiano Eric J , Barden Kevin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
As part of the Rising Tide Conservation effort to advance marine ornamental aquaculture the Milletseed Butterflyfish Chaetodon miliaris (also known as Millet Butterflyfish) was chosen as a candidate species for developing butterflyfish aquaculture methodologies. Thirty-five mature Milletseed Butterflyfish were imported to University of Florida's Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory in Ruskin, Florida, from The Rainbow Reef exhibit at Aulani, a Disney Resort and Spa in Ko Olina, Hawaii, for evaluation. Spawning behavior was documented through personal and video observation five times. Eggs were collected immediately after spawning and checked for fertilization, and a sample of 100 ± 10 eggs were photographed every hour until hatching to document embryological development. Larval development was monitored through multiple rearing trials. Larvae were stocked into 128-L, cylindrical, rearing tanks at 15–20 larvae/L and fed nauplii of the copepod, Parvocalanus crassirostris, and the microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea, was added to green the water. Samples of larvae were measured using notochord length from the tip of the snout to the edge of the notochord prior to flexion, SL from the tip of the snout to the edge of the hypural plate, and TL. Spawning occurred in broodstock tanks between one dominant male and a single female with a large, swollen abdomen. Eggs of the Milletseed Butterflyfish were small, spherical, pelagic, and transparent and hatched after a 28-h period at 25.5°C. Newly hatched larvae had unpigmented eyes and a closed digestive tract and measured 1.20–1.24 mm in notochord length. Larvae were capable of feeding at 4 d posthatch (dph), fully absorbed the yolk sac by 7 dph, and began forming the tholichthys plates at 24 dph. Larvae survived to 44 dph in preliminary culture trials and measured 6.49–6.56 mm TL. Further investigation into the culture requirements of Milletseed Butterflyfish will supply a crucial base for developing aquaculture protocols for other marine ornamental species.
A revisited Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model and the evolution of grain-size distributions in steel
Authors: Hömberg Dietmar , Patacchini Francesco Saverio , Sakamoto Kenichi , Zimmer Johannes 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The classical Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov approach for nucleation and growth models of diffusive phase transitions is revisited and applied to model the growth of ferrite in multiphase steels. For the prediction of mechanical properties of such steels, a deeper knowledge of the grain structure is essential. To this end, a Fokker–Planck evolution law for the volume distribution of ferrite grains is developed and shown to exhibit a log-normally distributed solution. Numerical parameter studies are given and confirm expected properties qualitatively. As a preparation for future work on parameter identification, a strategy is presented for the comparison of volume distributions with area distributions experimentally gained from polished micrograph sections.
Aerobic trainability
Authors: McNarry Melitta A , Armstrong Neil 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe key parameters of aerobic fitness are arguably peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2), pulmonary V̇O2 kinetics, blood lactate/ventilatory gas exchange thresholds, and exercise economy. The effects of training on these parameters are well-established in adults but, with the exception of peak V̇O2, data from children and adolescents are sparse and confounded by methodological and ethical issues. It has been hypothesized that children lack trainability due to the existence of a maturation threshold that must be surpassed before training adaptations manifest themselves. While a persuasive theoretical argument exists regarding the reality of a maturation threshold, there is no compelling empirical evidence to support it. The extrapolation of a training-induced increase in aerobic fitness to enhanced youth sport performance is complex, and sport-specific research models need to be developed and implemented. To determine the mechanisms underpinning aerobic trainability during youth, rigorous investigations utilizing recent advances in non-invasive technologies are required.
Healthcare Resource Utilization and Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Elective Surgery for Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Tumors
Authors: Chotai Silky , Zuckerman Scott L. , Parker Scott L. , Wick Joseph B. , Stonko David P. , Hale Andrew T. , McGirt Matthew J. , Cheng Joseph S. , Devin Clinton J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Healthcare resource utilization and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for intradural extramedullary (IDEM) spine tumors are not well reported.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the PROs, costs, and resource utilization 1 year following surgical resection of IDEM tumors.

METHODS
Patients undergoing elective spine surgery for IDEM tumors and enrolled in a single-center, prospective, longitudinal registry were analyzed. Baseline and postoperative 1-year PROs were recorded. One-year spine-related direct and indirect healthcare resource utilization was assessed. One-year resource use was multiplied by unit costs based on Medicare national payment amounts (direct cost). Patient and caregiver workday losses were multiplied by the self-reported gross-of-tax wage rate (indirect cost).

RESULTS
A total of 38 IDEM tumor patients were included in this analysis. There was significant improvement in quality of life (EuroQol-5D), disability (Oswestry and Neck Disability Indices), pain (Numeric rating scale pain scores for back/neck pain and leg/arm pain), and general physical and mental health (Short-form-12 health survey, physical and mental component scores) in both groups 1 year after surgery (P < .0001). Eighty-seven percent (n = 33) of patients were satisfied with surgery. The 1-year postdischarge resource utilization including healthcare visits, medication, and diagnostic cost was $4111 ± $3596. The mean total direct cost was $23 717 ± $7412 and indirect cost was $5544 ± $4336, resulting in total 1-year cost $29 177 ± $9314.

CONCLUSION
Surgical resection of the IDEM provides improvement in patient-reported quality of life, disability, pain, general health, and satisfaction at 1 year following surgery. Furthermore, we report the granular costs of surgical resection and healthcare resource utilization in this population.