bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential elements of treatment and care in high secure forensic inpatient services: an expert consensus study
Authors: Tapp James , Warren Fiona , Fife-Schaw Chris , Perkins Derek , Moore Estelle 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The evidence base for what works with forensic patients in high-security inpatient settings has typically focused on outcome research and not included clinical expertise from practice-based experience, which is an important facet of evidence-based practice. The purpose of this paper is to establish whether experts with clinical and/or research experience in this setting could reach consensus on elements of high-security hospital services that would be essential to the rehabilitation of forensic patients.

Design/methodology/approach
– A three-round Delphi survey was conducted to achieve this aim. Experts were invited to rate agreement with elements of practice and interventions derived from existing research evidence and patient perspectives on what worked. Experts were also invited to propose elements of hospital treatment based on their individual knowledge and experience.

Findings
– In the first round 54 experts reached consensus on 27 (out of 39) elements that included physical (e.g. use of CCTV), procedural (e.g. managing restricted items) and relational practices (e.g. promoting therapeutic alliances), and to a lesser extent-specific medical, psychological and social interventions. In total, 16 additional elements were also proposed by experts. In round 2 experts (n=45) were unable to reach a consensus on how essential each of the described practices were. In round 3 (n=35), where group consensus feedback from round 2 was provided, consensus was still not reached.

Research limitations/implications
– Patient case complexity, interventions with overlapping outcomes and a chequered evidence base history for this population are offered as explanations for this finding alongside limitations with the Delphi method.

Practical implications
– Based on the consensus for essential elements derived from research evidence and patient experience, high-secure hospital services might consider those practices and interventions that experts agreed were therapeutic options for reducing risk of offending, improving interpersonal skills and therapeutic interactions with patients, and mental health restoration.

Originality/value
– The study triangulates what works research evidence from this type of forensic setting and is the first to use a Delphi survey in an attempt to collate this information.
An exploration of staff and prisoner experiences of a newly commissioned personality disorder service within a category B male establishment
Authors: Hadden Jennifer Marie , Thomas Susan , Jellicoe-Jones Lorna , Marsh Zoe 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore staff and prisoner experiences of a newly implemented Personality Disorder Service (PDS) within a category B male establishment.

Design/methodology/approach
– A semi-structured interview was used to explore the experiences of seven male category B PDS prisoners and eight PDS members of staff (four National Health Service (NHS) clinical staff and four prison service staff) from a multi-disciplinary team (MDT). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was completed.

Findings
– Prisoner sample: one overarching theme “environment” organised two themes: “enabling factors” and “disabling factors” which had a subtheme “integrating men who have sexually offended onto the unit”. Another theme “opportunities for self-development” was identified. Staff sample: an overarching theme “environment” organised two themes: “enabling factors” and “disabling factors”. An overarching theme “multi-disciplinary working” organised two themes: “working in partnership” and “cultural differences in working practices”. Two further themes were: “professional development” and “stressors”.

Research limitations/implications
– This study focused on a small sample of staff and prisoners and their experiences of a newly implemented PDS. In addition, both staff and prisoners volunteered to take part in the study, and therefore may not be a representative sample. Consequently the results cannot be generalised to other establishments or PD services.

Practical implications
– Staff and prisoner experiences indicate that a multi-disciplinary approach to personality disorder services is desirable and can be effective. Prisoners are gaining experiences of positive therapeutic relationships with staff and hope that their experiences of the PDS will reduce their risk of reoffending. Staff experiences indicate that the integration of two services presents challenges and that they are working to overcome these. It may be advantageous for the impact of cultural differences within a MDT to be explored further.

Originality/value
– This is the first study that explores the experiences of the MDT and prisoners of the newly implemented PDS. The PDS forms part of the new development under the National Offender personality disorder pathway.
Urban crime prevention – broadening of perspectives
Authors: Schubert Herbert 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The contribution is focussed on the question of which logic and which distinctive lines of development have shaped the discourse on urban crime prevention and will probably shape it in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
Comparing the line of development in thinking about urban crime prevention: starting with the approaches of the rational choice theory and of architectural determinism that were integrated in the practical approach of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Looking on the continuation in the recent past: aspects of social cohesion and disorganization in the neighbourhood – represented by the collective efficacy – were integrated with the traditional lines of argumentation. Continuing to the present, the actor network theory opens up advanced perspectives of the integration and development of urban crime prevention.

Findings
Comparison of the approaches of the rational choice theory and of architectural determinism. Their combination in the practical approach of CPTED. Integration of these lines of argumentation with aspects of social cohesion and disorganization in the neighbourhood represented by the collective efficacy and the absorption in the concept of second-generation CPTED in the recent past. Opening up for advanced perspectives of the integration and development of urban crime prevention by the actor network theory.

Originality/value
The process analysis by linking the rational choice theory, the architectural determinism, the collective efficacy theory and the actor network theory to a continuous development represents an innovative perspective on the discourse on urban crime prevention.
Crime prevention through urban design and planning in the smart city era
Authors: Chiodi Sarah Isabella 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyse the nexus between Crime Prevention through Urban Design and Planning (CP-UDP) and e-participation in urban planning, with the idea that a comprehensive planning approach is needed in order to have effective safe cities.

Design/methodology/approach
This study relies on some European case studies on CP-UDP learned by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (EU COST) Action TU1203 and on a personal research experience focused on CPTED and its potential development in Italy – which was based on literature review and interviews with key informants.

Findings
CP-UDP, as a proactive and potentially effective crime prevention strategy plays an important role in order to implement safer cities. Information and communications technology (ICT) can provide a valuable tool to enhance participatory planning. The thesis supported in this paper is that through the widespread of e-participation in urban planning is possible to implement safer cities if a comprehensive planning approach is applied and Italy has already made its first steps forward this direction.

Originality/value
The smart city concept pervades contemporary urban studies, supported by European policies, according to the logic that the use of ICT could contribute to sustainable development in its various dimensions. A new-generation CP-UDP focused on e-participation may enhance safer cities.
Emergence of cultural intelligence and global mindset capital: a multilevel model
Authors: Ramsey Jase R. , Abi Aad Amine , Jiang Chuandi , Barakat Livia , Drummond Virginia 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to establish under which conditions researchers should use the constructs cultural intelligence (CQ) and global mindset (GM). The authors further seek to understand the process through which these constructs emerge to a higher level and link unit-level knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) capital to pertinent firm-level outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a conceptual study with a multilevel model.

Findings
This paper differentiates two similar lines of research occurring concordantly on the CQ and GM constructs. Next, the authors develop a multilevel model to better understand the process through which CQ and GM emerge at higher levels and their underlying mechanisms. Finally, this paper adds meaning to the firm-level KSAs by linking firm-level KSAs capital to pertinent firm-level outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
The conclusion implies that researchers should use CQ when the context is focused on interpersonal outcomes and GM when focused on strategic outcomes. The multilevel model is a useful tool for scholars to select which rubric to use in future studies that have international managers as the subjects. The authors argue that if the scholar is interested in an individual’s ability to craft policy and implement strategy, then GM may be more parsimonious than CQ. On the other hand, if the focus is on leadership, human resources or any other relationship dependent outcome, then CQ will provide a more robust measure.

Practical implications
For practitioners, this study provides a useful tool for managers to improve individual-level commitment by selecting and training individuals high in CQ. On the other hand, if the desired outcome is firm-level sales or performance, the focus should be on targeting individuals high in GM.

Originality/value
This is the first theoretical paper to examine how CQ and GM emerge to the firm level and describe when to use each measure.
Two cases of erosive oral lichen planus with autoantibodies to desmoglein 3
Authors: Muramatsu Ken , Nishie Wataru , Natsuga Ken , Fujita Yasuyuki , Iwata Hiroaki , Yamada Tamaki , Yamashita Emi , Asaka Takuya , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. Clinically, the erosive type of OLP (erosive OLP) can show features similar to those of pemphigus vulgaris (PV), an autoimmune blistering disorder in which desmoglein (Dsg)3 is targeted. In addition to clinical and histopathological findings, immunological studies, including direct immunofluorescence (IF), indirect IF and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detect autoantibodies to Dsg3, are helpful in differentiating erosive OLP from PV. Here, we show two cases of erosive OLP with autoantibodies to Dsg3. Patient 1 was a 68‐year‐old woman with chronic erosions of the oral mucosa, in which elevated levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G autoantibodies to Dsg1 and Dsg3 were detected by ELISA. Patient 2 was an 85‐year‐old woman with white striae with erosions on the lateral sides of the buccal mucosa with elevated levels of IgG autoantibodies to Dsg3 detected by ELISA. Histopathological findings from both cases showed lichenoid dermatitis, and both direct and indirect IF showed no tissue‐bound IgG autoantibodies. From these findings, the diagnosis of erosive OLP was made. Immunological assays revealed both cases to have IgG‐directing calcium‐independent linear epitopes on Dsg3, which are suggestive of non‐pathogenic autoantibodies. In addition, autoantibodies to Dsg3 in patient 2 reacted with a prosequence‐possessing precursor form of Dsg3 but not with the mature form of the molecule. The present study suggests that erosive OLP may develop anti‐Dsg3 autoantibodies, which should be carefully assessed.
Do cities represent sources, sinks or isolated islands for urban wild boar population structure?
Authors: Stillfried Milena , Fickel Jörns , Börner Konstantin , Wittstatt Ulrich , Heddergott Mike , Ortmann Sylvia , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Frantz Alain C. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Urban sprawl has resulted in the permanent presence of large mammal species in urban areas, leading to human–wildlife conflicts. Wild boar Sus scrofa are establishing a permanent presence in many cities in Europe, with the largest German urban population occurring in Berlin. Despite their relatively long‐term presence, there is little knowledge of colonization processes, dispersal patterns or connectivity of Berlin's populations, hampering the development of effective management plans.

We used 13 microsatellite loci to genotype 387 adult and subadult wild boar from four urban forests, adjacent built‐up areas and the surrounding rural forests. We applied genetic clustering algorithms to analyse the population genetic structure of the urban boar. We used approximate Bayesian computation to infer the boar's colonization history of the city. Finally, we used assignment tests to determine the origin of wild boar hunted in the urban built‐up areas.

The animals in three urban forests formed distinct genetic clusters, with the remaining samples all being assigned to one rural population. One urban cluster was founded by individuals from another urban cluster rather than by rural immigrants.

The wild boar that had been harvested within urban built‐up areas was predominantly assigned to the rural cluster surrounding the urban area, rather than to one of the urban clusters.

Synthesis and applications. Our results are likely to have an immediate impact on management strategies for urban wild board populations in Berlin, because they show that there are not only distinct urban clusters, but also ongoing source–sink dynamics between urban and rural areas. It is therefore essential that the neighbouring Federal States of Berlin and Brandenburg develop common hunting plans to control the wild boar population and reduce conflicts in urban areas.
Retracted: Co‐fruiting plant species share similar fruit and seed traits while phylogenetic patterns vary through time
Authors: Razafindratsima Onja H. , Dunham Amy E. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Co‐fruiting plant species are subject to a variety of biotic and abiotic processes that may influence patterns of fruiting phenology and the functional and phylogenetic diversity of co‐fruiting taxa in a community. Understanding the seasonal patterns of functional and phylogenetic diversity of fruiting in a community will shed new light on potential mechanisms structuring plant communities.

Using rain forest trees in south‐eastern Madagascar as our system, we predicted there would be clustering of fruit and seed traits and phylogenetic relationships among co‐fruiting species because plants are vying for seed‐dispersal services from a limited set of generalist frugivore taxa. We also predicted that seasonal variations in rainfall would mediate fluctuations in functional trait and phylogenetic diversity of co‐fruiting assemblages.

Despite fluctuating patterns in their functional trait diversity over time, co‐fruiting assemblages displayed consistent clustering of fruit/seed traits across time. Phylogenetic diversity was not clustered overall, but fluctuated non‐randomly in time, between clustered and overdispersed, such that strong shifts in rainfall were associated with the co‐fruiting of more closely related species.

Synthesis. We suggest that it may be more beneficial for co‐fruiting plant species to share similar fruit and seed traits than to diversify traits, when they rely on a comparatively small set of generalist frugivorous taxa for seed dispersal. Results also demonstrate that rainfall‐driven environmental filtering may cause seasonal fluctuations in the phylogenetic patterns of phenology in a community. Results highlight the importance of a temporal context in examining structural patterns of communities.
Soil compartment is a major determinant of the impact of simulated rainfall on desert microbiota
Authors: Aslam Shazia N. , Dumbrell Alex J. , Sabir Jamal S. , Mutwakil Mohammed H. Z. , Baeshen Mohammed M. N. , Abo‐Aba Salah E. M. , Clark Dave R. , Yates Steven A. , Baeshen Nabih A. , Underwood Graham J. C. , McGenity Terry J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAlthough desert soils support functionally important microbial communities that affect plant growth and influence many biogeochemical processes, the impact of future changes in precipitation patterns on the microbiota and their activities is largely unknown. We performed in‐situ experiments to investigate the effect of simulated rainfall on bacterial communities associated with the widespread perennial shrub, Rhazya stricta in Arabian desert soils. The bacterial community composition was distinct between three different soil compartments: surface biological crust, root‐attached, and the broader rhizosphere. Simulated rainfall had no significant effect on the overall bacterial community composition, but some population‐level responses were observed, especially in soil crusts where Betaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, and Bacilli became more abundant. Bacterial biomass in the nutrient‐rich crust increased three‐fold one week after watering, whereas it did not change in the rhizosphere, despite its much higher water retention. These findings indicate that between rainfall events, desert‐soil microbial communities enter into stasis, with limited species turnover, and reactivate rapidly and relatively uniformly when water becomes available. However, microbiota in the crust, which was relatively enriched in nutrients and organic matter, were primarily water‐limited, compared with the rhizosphere microbiota that were co‐limited by nutrients and water.
Review article: Effectiveness of ultra‐brief interventions in the emergency department to reduce alcohol consumption: A systematic review
Authors: McGinnes Rosemary A , Hutton Jennie E , Weiland Tracey J , Fatovich Daniel M , Egerton‐Warburton Diana 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo assess the effectiveness of ultra‐brief interventions (ultra‐BI) or technology‐involved preventive measures in the ED to reduce alcohol harm and risky drinking. Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EBM reviews were searched for articles published between 1996 and 2015. Randomised controlled trials and quasi‐randomised trials, which compared an ultra‐BI with screening, standard care or minimal intervention for adults and adolescents at risk for alcohol‐related harm presenting to an ED, were included. Outcomes of interest were frequency of alcohol consumption, quantity of alcohol consumed, binge drinking and ED representation. Thirteen studies (nine single centre and four multicentre) were included. Six studies showed a significant reduction in the quantity consumed with intermediate effect size at 3 months (d = −0.40) and small effect size at 12 months (d = −0.15). Two studies showed a significant reduction in binge drinking with small effect size at 3 months (d = −0.12) and 12 months (d = −0.09). No studies showed an effect on frequency of alcohol consumption or ED representation. Heterogeneity in study design, definition of risky, harmful or hazardous alcohol use, intervention types, outcomes, outcome timeframes and outcome measures prevented the performance of quantitative meta‐analysis. Despite its limited effectiveness in reducing alcohol use in the short‐term, with the large number of people attending EDs with risky drinking, the use of an effective ultra‐BI would have the potential to have a measurable population effect.
PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone inhibits migration and invasion by downregulating Cyr61 in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes
Authors: Kwon Eun‐Jeong , Park Eun‐Jung , Choi Sungwook , Kim Sang‐Rim , Cho Moonjae , Kim Jinseok 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists have anti‐inflammatory properties that reduce inflammatory cytokine production in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) is associated with diseases related to chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of PPARγ agonists on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐induced fibroblast‐like synoviocyte (FLS) invasion and migration, as well as Cyr61 production, in RA‐FLS.MethodsFLS were cultured with TNF‐α and Cyr61 in the presence or absence of PPARγ agonists. Matrix metalloproteinase and Cyr61 expression levels in RA‐FLS and culture supernatants were measured by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blotting. The migration and invasion phenotypes of RA‐FLS were determined by wound healing and Boyden chamber assays.ResultsCyr61 protein was expressed in RA‐FLS, and its intracellular expression and secretion levels were increased by TNF‐α. Moreover, Cyr61 directly promoted RA‐FLS migration and invasion. Rosiglitazone (RSG) significantly decreased TNF‐α‐induced Cyr61 expression. RSG decreased TNF‐α‐induced nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation and inhibitor of κBα degradation. Furthermore, RSG inhibited TNF‐α‐induced RA‐FLS migration and invasion and decreased Cyr61 treatment‐induced RA‐FLS invasion. Finally, blocking Cyr61 significantly attenuated TNF‐α‐induced migration.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate for the first time that PPARγ agonists may have beneficial effects on the migration and invasion of RA‐FLS via the downregulation of Cyr61. Therefore, PPARγ agonists could be potential treatment targets for RA.
Clinical significance of SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs11722228 polymorphisms in gout
Authors: Das Gupta Esha , Sakthiswary Rajalingham , Lee Shing L. , Wong Shew F. , Hussein Heselynn , Gun Suk C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe main objective of this study is to elucidate the clinical significance of the SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs11722228 polymorphism among male gout patients.MethodWe consecutively recruited all newly diagnosed male gout patients who were treatment‐naive from the rheumatology outpatient clinics of two Malaysian hospitals. Age‐matched healthy male adults were employed as controls. All subjects were tested for the SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs11722228 genotypes, serum uric acid (SUA), urine uric acid and creatinine levels. All gout subjects were examined for the presence of tophi and sonographically screened for renal calculi.ResultsA total of 73 male gout patients and 73 age‐matched healthy male adults were recruited in this study. The genotypic frequencies of SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs1172228 did not differ significantly between the gout cases and the healthy controls. The gout subjects with the CC genotype had significantly higher SUA levels (P = 0.002), family history of gout (P < 0.050) and the occurrence of renal calculi (P = 0.026). The SUA‐adjusted odds ratios (OR) of the occurrence of renal calculi in the CC genotype (OR = 1 [reference]) was significantly higher than the CT genotype (OR = 0.338, 95%CI: 0.141–0.813) and the TT genotype (OR = 0.271, 95%CI: 0.086–0.854).ConclusionsThe genotypic distribution of SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs1172228 in male gout patients did not differ significantly from that of healthy male controls. However, the CC genotype in gout had significant associations with higher levels of SUA, renal calculi and a positive family history of gout.