bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI assessment of pathological stage and surgical margins in anterior prostate cancer (APC) using subjective and quantitative analysis
Authors: Schieda Nicola , Lim Christopher S. , Idris Muhammad , Lim Robert S. , Morash Christopher , Breau Rodney H. , Flood Trevor A. , McInnes Matthew D.F. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessment of extraprostatic extension (EPE) and positive surgical margins (PSM) in anterior prostate cancer (APC).Materials and MethodsWith Institutional Review Board approval, 25 APC (>2/3 of tumor anterior to urethra) were assessed using 3T MRI by two blinded radiologists for: size and maximal leading edge of tumor (relative to anterior fibromuscular stroma [AFMS]) on b ≥1000 sec/mm2 echo‐planar‐MRI fused onto T2‐weighted‐MRI, invasion of AFMS and EPE. Comparisons were performed between APCs by EPE/PSM using chi‐square, multivariable analysis, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of EPE and PSM were 52% (13/25) and 36% (9/25). Tumor sizes were larger with EPE (22.5 ± 8.4 vs. 14.7 ± 6.3, P = 0.02) and PSM (23.0 ± 9.3 vs. 16.4 ± 7.0, P = 0.06). Area under ROC curve (AUC‐ROC) for the diagnosis of EPE by tumor size was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.95); ≥16 mm size = sensitivity/specificity 69.2/66.7%. Maximal leading edge of tumor was greater with EPE (2.4 ± 2.2 vs. –0.2 ± 3.0) and PSM (2.8 ± 2.3 vs. –0.3 ± 2.5), (P = 0.023, 0.031). AUC‐ROC for diagnosis of EPE/PSM by leading edge was 0.78 (CI 0.57–0.97) and 0.75 (CI 0.56–0.94). A ≥1 mm leading edge yielded sensitivity/specificity of 76.9/75.0% and 77.8/62.5% for diagnosis of EPE/PSM. 60–72% (15–18/25) tumors invaded AFMS (k = 0.74), which was not associated with EPE/PSM (P = 0.12–0.14). Radiologists' assessment of EPE had sensitivity/specificity of 61.5–69.2/50.0–75.0% (k = 0.53).ConclusionTumor size and leading edge of tumor relative to AFMS may enable diagnosis of EPE and positive surgical margins in APC.Level of Evidence: 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1296–1303
The effect of change in supervisor support and job control on change in vigor: Differential relationships for immigrant and native employees in Israel
Authors: Hoppe Annekatrin , Toker Sharon , Schachler Vivian , Ziegler Matthias 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBuilding on the premises of the conservation of resources theory, the aim of this study was to investigate long‐term effects of job resources on vigor among native and immigrant employees in Israel. More specifically, we investigated the effects of baseline and change in job control and supervisor support on change in vigor levels, as well as the degree to which these effects differ among educated native and immigrant employees in Israel. We surveyed 235 white‐collar Eastern European and Russian immigrants and 235 white‐collar native Israelis matched on occupational and demographic characteristics at two points of measurement with a 30‐month time lag. Latent change score modeling revealed that among both immigrants and natives, change in job control was related to change in vigor. Multiple group analyses further revealed that among immigrant employees only, baseline levels of supervisor support were associated with change in vigor. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the utilization of resources as a means of acquiring new resources may be influenced by immigrant background. Managerial implications are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observed and projected sea surface temperature seasonal changes in the Western English Channel from satellite data and CMIP5 multi‐model ensemble
Authors: L'Hévéder Blandine , Speich Sabrina , Ragueneau Olivier , Gohin Francis , Bryère Philippe 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSeasonal Sea Surface Temperature (SST) changes in the Western English Channel have been estimated for the previous decades from high‐resolution satellite data. Coastal seas, well separated from offshore waters by intense frontal structures, show colder SST by 1–2 °C in summer. A significant warming trend is observed in the autumn season. This positive trend is stronger offshore, with an annual mean SST increase of 0.32 °C decade−1, but weaker in coastal waters (0.23 °C decade−1), where strong vertical mixing induced by tides and winds acts to reduce surface warming. The performance of an ensemble of CMIP5 climate model in simulating recent seasonal changes of SST in the region is estimated. The median of CMIP5 models very well reproduces the observed SST mean seasonal cycle in offshore waters but is less proficient in the coastal sector due to the coarse resolution of the models and the absence of tidal forcing and related processes. In the Iroise Sea, a region of intense biological activity located off the western tip of Brittany, the trend of the annual mean SST is relatively well simulated, albeit somewhat underestimated (0.20°C decade−1) and evenly distributed throughout the year. Here, the increase in annual mean SST in CMIP5 future scenarios simulations ranges from 0.5 °C (RCP2.6) to 2.5 °C (RCP8.5) by year 2100, with a seasonal modulation leading to a more intense warming in summer than that in winter. This increase in SST may strongly affect marine biology, particularly phytoplankton phenology, macro‐algae biomass and benthic fauna, including exploited shellfish, in the Western English Channel.
Detecting deforestation impacts in Southern Amazonia rainfall using rain gauges
Authors: Debortoli Nathan S. , Dubreuil Vincent , Hirota Marina , Filho Saulo Rodrigues , Lindoso Diego P. , Nabucet Jean 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTDuring the last decades, several climate‐modelling studies have forecasted a decrease in precipitation in Southern Amazonia, projecting scenarios of a drier Amazon for the future in relation with deforestation (or forest cover). In this area, only a limited number of analyses using forest cover data and rainfall time series have considered the transitional zones between the Amazon Forest and the Cerrado biome. In this work, we evaluated whether forest cover and rainfall patterns are correlated. The analysis encompassed rainfall times series from 207 rain gauges during the 1971–2010 period, and forest cover data acquired from LANDSAT5 satellite images. The results indicate that, at local level (1–15 km), both seasonal and annual precipitation values are not correlated to forest cover, whereas at the regional scale (30–50 km) contrasting to annual values, significant correlation occurs between forest cover and seasonal precipitation. Additionally, the study suggests that the larger the forest areas, the greater the probabilities of those influencing precipitation at regional scale, in opposite direction to the observed local level effects.
Accessing vulnerability of land‐cover types to climate change using physical scaling downscaling model
Authors: Gaur Abhishek , Simonovic Slobodan P. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to investigate the vulnerability of different land‐cover types to climate change. To this end, land‐cover specific temperature change factors are quantified for the southern Saskatchewan region using a novel statistical downscaling model: physical scaling (SP). SP model considers large‐scale climate and regional physical characteristics like land‐cover, elevation in its formulation and hence can be used to predict future temperature for different land‐cover types under changing large‐scale climatic and land‐cover conditions. The model is validated by assessing its ability to downscale North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) derived surface (skin) temperature from an initial resolution of 32 km to 500 m. The downscaled NARR data are evaluated using a cross‐validation approach over the period 2006–2013 with reference to MODerate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) derived surface temperature estimates and satisfactory model performance is obtained (average RMSE = 0.03 K). The validated model is used to predict future surface temperature across the study region. Future land‐cover projections are derived by downscaling land‐use projections for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5 made by integrated assessment models: IMAGE and MESSAGE, respectively. An analysis of land‐cover specific temperature changes between historical (2006–2013) and future (2081–2100) timelines indicate variations of up to 2 K between different land‐cover classes. Vulnerability pattern of different land‐cover classes differ significantly between day‐ and night‐time. Further, variations of upto 1 K in projected changes are observed among different forest cover types. Closed shrubland is obtained as the most vulnerable forest‐cover class whereas evergreen broadleaf forest is found to be the least vulnerable.
Tripole precipitation pattern and SST variations linked with extreme zonal activities of the western Pacific subtropical high
Authors: Qian Weihong , Shi Jian 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTUsing the daily variables of National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis 1 from 1981 to 2014, this study first constructs a new index to describe the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) zonal activities by the normalized relative vorticity series averaged over a three‐dimensional core domain (112.5°–142.5°E, 10°–30°N and 925–500 hPa). Its horizontal scope is referred to as core region. Ten positive and six negative extreme episodes lasting from 10 to 17 days were identified based on the new index. They demonstrated prominent variabilities in intraseasonal and interannual timescales. Composite results show a tripole precipitation pattern with a wet (dry) zone over the tropical western Pacific (TWP) separating two dry (wet) zones in the meridional direction. The northern one covers the mei‐yu belt while the southern one extends along the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and the Maritime Continent. The activities of WPSH and monsoon trough form the height anomalies over the core region, while its northern height anomalies are due to the westerly trough in middle latitudes. Further, the three systems exert joint effects on the tripole dry‐wet pattern.Within the biweekly evolution of positive composite, a weaker WPSH displays first an eastward and then a westward track. Negative composite indicates that a stronger WPSH first retreats eastward, then strides westward, and finally moves northeastward during around 2 weeks. The sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over TIO and TWP are crucial for the extreme WPSH episodes. Concretely, the SST anomalies over TIO largely influence the overall intensity and location of WPSH and are especially important in the early stages of WPSH episodes. Locally, the SST anomalies over the core region are passive responses of atmospheric forcing in the early stages of WPSH episodes and then exert effect on the WPSH in their later stage.
Reconstructed annual mean temperatures for the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: associations with the East Asian monsoons and volcanic events
Authors: Wang Bo , Chen Tuo , Xu Guobao , Wu Guoju , Li Caijuan 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTOwing to a lack of available long‐term climatic records, data related to past climatic variability throughout the Tibetan Plateau remains limited. In this study, we found that Qilian juniper tree growth was significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.001) to yearly mean temperatures in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. We developed an annual mean temperature reconstruction from year 1740 CE based on growth‐climate relationships in the study area. Our reconstruction accounted for 53.9% of total variance from 1956 to 2012 (the calibration period). Through this reconstruction, we were successfully able to capture recent abrupt climate change events that generally agreed with other temperature‐sensitive tree‐ring reconstructions on both regional and hemisphere scales under a decadal timescale. Periods from 1820 to 1830, 1855 to 1890, and 1960 to 1985 CE corresponded to cold periods in the reconstruction, while the 1740s and periods from 1795 to 1815 and from 1990 to 2012 CE corresponded to relatively warm periods. We also detected increased interannual change variability in annual mean temperatures since the 1980s, which could be related to increasing variability in the East Asian winter monsoon as well as the rapid climate warming that has occurred since this time. From these reconstructed temperatures, we were successfully able to capture the occurrences of large volcanic events in China as well as five historic volcanic events outside China that had global implications on climate variability and that resulted in planetary cooling during the period from 1740 to 2012 CE. This in turn suggested that these volcanic events would have had short‐lived impacts (approximately from 1 to 3 years) on temperature variation in the study area. The aim of this study was to provide a perspective in which to explore the mechanisms that simultaneously influence tree rings and climate.
POP levels in beans from Mediterranean and tropical areas
Authors: Di Bella Giuseppa , Haddaoui Imen , Lo Turco Vincenzo , Potortì Angela Giorgia , Fede Maria Rita , Dugo Giacomo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the importance of beans as food, few studies are conducted to control their contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs), compounds of great importance because of their toxicity and tendency to accumulate in food chains. In order to evaluate the human exposure to POPs by the consumption of beans a monitoring programme was conducted on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in samples coming from Italy, Mexico, India, Japan, Ghana and Ivory Coast. All beans were extracted with an accelerated solvents extractor in triplicate; the clean‐up step was done with a Florisil column; identification and quantification was carried out using a TSQ Quantum XLS Ultra GC‐MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring mode.RESULTSResults revealed concentrations of ∑PAHs ranged from 7.31 µg kg−1 to 686 µg kg−1, ∑PCBs between 1.85 µg kg−1 and 43.1 µg kg−1 and ∑OCPs ranged from 1.37 µg kg−1 to 71.8 µg kg−1.CONCLUSIONOur results showed that beans coming from Ivory Coast are the most exposed to the risk of contamination by all the pollutants investigated. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Homogeneity of Severe Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Profiles in Children and Adolescents Across Gender, Age, and Traumatic Experiences Related to 9/11
Authors: Guffanti Guia , Geronazzo‐Alman Lupo , Fan Bin , Duarte Cristiane S. , Musa George J. , Hoven Christina W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPatients with a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) will very likely not share all of the same symptoms, a consequence of the polythetic approach used in the DSM. We examined heterogeneity in the latent structure of PTSD symptoms using data from a previously published sample of 8,236 youth a subset of which had been exposed to the September 11, 2001 attacks (N = 6,670; Hoven et al., 2005). Latent class analysis was applied (a) to PTSD symptoms alone, (b) to symptoms in combination with impairment indicators, and (c) to PTSD symptoms when stratified by age and gender, as well as by empirically defined classes of exposure. We identified 4 symptom classes: no disturbance (49.4%), intermediate disturbance (2 classes; 21.5% and 18.6%, respectively), and severe disturbance (10.5%). These classes varied not only in the severity of symptoms, but also in the configuration of symptoms. We observed a high probability of endorsing both PTSD symptoms and indicators of impairment only in the severe disturbance class. A similar 4‐class structure was found when the data were stratified by age, gender, and exposure classes. There were no significant differences as a function of age, gender, or exposure in the presence of severe PTSD. Heterogeneity was observed at intermediate levels of PTSD symptom severity. The specific PTSD symptoms that defined the severe PTSD profile could constitute the pathogenic aspects of a largely invariant and clinically meaningful PTSD syndrome.
Free‐roaming cat interactions with wildlife admitted to a wildlife hospital
Authors: Mcruer Dave L. , Gray Lincoln C. , Horne Leigh‐Ann , Clark Edward E. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTFree‐roaming domestic cats are a major anthropogenic source of morbidity and mortality to wild birds and mammals in the United States. Permitted wildlife rehabilitators routinely treat cat‐caused injuries. However, extent of these activities is under‐reported in the scientific literature. To determine incidence, age class, mortality, diversity and frequency of species affected, nature of injuries, time in care, and temporal and geospatial trends associated with interactions between free‐roaming cats and wildlife, we conducted a retrospective analysis on 20,921 records from small birds and mammals presented to the Wildlife Center of Virginia (WCV), USA between 2000 and 2010. Cat interaction was the second greatest cause of small‐mammal admissions (14.8%), fourth greatest cause of mammal mortality (70.8%), fourth greatest cause of bird admissions (13.7%), and second greatest cause of avian mortality (80.8%). Eighty‐three species were admitted following interactions with cats. Age of wildlife admitted following cat interaction varied by class; juvenile mammals were captured most frequently (40.5%), followed by neonates (34%), then adults (25.5%). However, adults were documented most frequently in birds (42.7%), followed by juveniles (37.2%), then nestlings (20.1%). Birds were more likely to have interactions with cats in rural areas, whereas degree of urbanization did not differ for mammals. Eighty‐eight percent of cat interactions occurred between April and September, indicating a strong seasonal trend. Our findings indicate that free‐roaming cats substantially contribute to admissions in a wildlife rehabilitation hospital and even with veterinary intervention, release potential is limited. Reducing the number of free‐roaming cats will reduce interactions with wildlife and decrease the need for medical assistance. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Early outcomes after cochlear implantation for adults and children with unilateral hearing loss
Authors: Sladen Douglas P. , Carlson Matthew L. , Dowling Brittany P. , Olund Amy P. , Teece Kathryn , DeJong Melissa D. , Breneman Alyce , Peterson Ann , Beatty Charles W. , Neff Brian A. , Driscoll Colin L. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThis study was designed to examine speech recognition and self‐perceived health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) received from cochlear implantation among a cohort of adults and children with a short duration of unilateral hearing loss greater than 6 months, but less than 2 years.Study DesignSingle‐subject repeated measures prospective study.MethodsThis study assessed changes in speech recognition and self‐perceived quality of life by prospectively analyzing data at the preoperative evaluation and at the 3‐month and 6‐month postactivation intervals. Measurement tools included Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36, Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire, Speech Spatial and Qualities of Hearing–Comparative, and speech recognition measures in quiet and in noise.ResultsResults indicated significant improvement in speech recognition, both in quiet and noise. Quality‐of‐life measures showed a significant increase in self‐perceived benefit with disease‐specific instruments, but remained constant with a generic HRQoL instrument.ConclusionsCochlear implantation was a successful intervention for improved hearing in quiet and noise, and a self‐perceived benefit for this group of adults and children with a short duration of unilateral hearing loss.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:1683–1688, 2017
Sediment Loss Patterns in the Sub‐Humid Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Dagnew Dessalegn C. , Guzman Christian D. , Zegeye Assefa D. , Akal Adugnaw T. , Moges Mamaru A. , Tebebu Tigist Y. , Mekuria Wolde , Ayana Essayas K. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractControlling soil erosion is important for maintaining land productivity and reducing sedimentation of reservoirs in the Ethiopian highlands. To gain insights on sediment loss patterns, magnitude of peak sediment events, and their contribution to annual loads, hydrometric and sediment concentration data were collected for five years (2010 – 2014) from the 95‐ha Debre Mawi and four nested catchments (located 30 km south of Lake Tana). Soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) consisting of soil bunds with 50‐cm‐deep furrows were implemented in the third year, which made it possible to examine the effects of SWCPs on peak sediment loads. The results show that a 10‐min event causes soil loss of up to 11·4 Mg ha−1, which is 22% of the annual sediment yield. Thirty to seventy‐five percent (up to 30 Mg ha−1day−1) of the sediment yield was contributed by the greatest daily flow in each year. The contribution increases to 86% for the two largest daily flows. SWCP interventions reduced sediment loss by half but did not affect the relative contribution of peak events to annual loads. Because of gully erosion, peak sediment loads at the outlet of the entire catchment were greater (up to 30 Mg ha−1day−1) as compared to the nested catchments without gullies (0·5 to 8 Mg ha−1day−1). Consequently, to reduce sediment loss, conservation measures should be designed to decrease runoff during large storms. This can be attained by deepening furrows on unsaturated hillsides and reducing the entrainment of unconsolidated sediment from failed gully banks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What is the Contribution of Counter‐Ions to the Absolute Molar Mass of Polyelectrolytes Determined by SEC‐MALLS?
Authors: Gonzalez Philippe , Leclercq Laurent , Cottet Hervé 
Published: October 2016

In this work, the absolute molar mass of well‐defined cationic polyelectrolytes has been determined by size‐exclusion chromatography multiangle laser light scattering (SEC‐MALLS) using different eluents containing different counter‐ions (chloride, bromide or trifluoroacetate). Narrowly polydisperse poly‐l‐lysines of different degrees of polymerization (from 20 up to ≈400) having a counter‐ion similar to the eluent are analyzed as model compounds. By comparing the average degree of polymerization obtained by SEC‐MALLS with those derived independently from NMR/viscosity experiments, it has been possible to investigate what is the average molar mass of the charged monomer that is measured in SEC‐MALLS experiments. The main result of this study is that the average molar mass of the charged monomer in a SEC‐MALLS experiment only takes into account the fraction of condensed counter‐ion associated to the monomer. This fundamental study is important in practice because the calculation of the degree of polymerization (instead of the molar mass) is often required for subsequent chemical reactions, for instance in the case of polymer functionalization.
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