bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diosmetin Promotes Early Embryonic Development in Pigs by Alleviating Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ren Jia‐Jun , Yuan Xiu‐Wen , Meng Zi‐Long , Cao Neng‐Hao , Xu Yong‐Nan , Kim Nam‐Hyung , Li Ying‐Hua 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDiosmetin (DIOS), a natural flavonoid monomer derived from lemons and present in various plants such as spearmint and spider moss, exhibits antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiaging properties. Nonetheless, its impact on early embryonic development in pigs remains unexplored. This study aimed to determine the influence of DIOS supplementation in an in vitro culture (IVC) medium on porcine embryo development and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Findings revealed that embryos cultured in IVC medium with 0.1 μM DIOS demonstrated an increased blastocyst formation rate, higher total cell number, reduced LC3B and CASPASE3 levels, elevated Nrf2 levels, decreased ROS, and enhanced GSH and mitochondrial membrane potential at the 4‐cell embryonic stage. Additionally, the expression of proapoptotic genes (CAS3, CAS8, and BAX) and autophagy‐related genes (BECLIN1, ATG5, LC3B, and P62) was downregulated, whereas the expression of embryonic development‐related genes (CDK1 and CDK2), antioxidant‐related genes (SOD1 and SOD2), and mitochondrial biogenesis‐related genes (NRF2) was upregulated. These findings suggest that DIOS promotes early embryonic development in pigs by mitigating oxidative stress and enhancing mitochondrial function, thereby reducing autophagy and apoptosis levels.
A systematic review on clinical practice guidelines for managing pregnancy following metabolic‐bariatric surgery
Authors: Moradi Raheleh , Kashanian Maryam , Sheidaei Ali , Kermansaravi Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe ongoing pandemic of obesity is associated with an increase of weight loss surgeries in women of reproductive age. This study was conducted to review clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for managing pregnancy following metabolic‐bariatric surgery.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature search of all CPGs that covered the management of pregnancy following metabolic‐bariatric surgery, 2010 through 2022, and that were published in English. Two authors independently scored the quality and usefulness of CPGs using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool (AGREE II).ResultsFrom a total of 20 CPGs, consistent recommendations included the following: 1) contraception with long‐acting reversible contraceptives before surgery until the optimal time of pregnancy; 2) nutritional care by a dietitian; 3) considering gastrointestinal discomforts during pregnancy as a potential surgical complication; and 4) modified screening for gestational diabetes instead of glucose tolerance tests preventing post‐bariatric hypoglycemia. There was a lack of uniformity concerning surgery‐to‐conception interval and dose of supplements, as well as research gaps regarding the surgical type, mental health, delivery type, breastfeeding, neonatal care, and weight retention.ConclusionsAll recommendations for managing pregnancy after metabolic‐bariatric surgery were deemed clinically useful. Although consistent recommendations should be implemented, inconsistencies should be the focus of research.
Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on the Incidence, Etiology, Demographics, and Treatment of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Lorenz F. Jeffrey , Rothka Andrew J. , Schopper Heather K. , Lighthall Jessyka G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the incidence, etiology, demographics, and treatment of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma before, during, and after COVID‐19.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingEighty‐three health care organizations across the United States.MethodsThe TriNetX Research Network identified 77,977,880 patients during 2017 to 2022. CMF fractures and soft tissue injuries during March to August of each year, aligning with the 2020 pandemic lockdown, were analyzed.ResultsIn 2020, compared to immediately prepandemic in 2019, there were significant reductions of −17.5% in facial fractures and −19.0% in soft tissue injuries (P < .001). Conversely, in 2021, both injury types increased by +16.7% and +16.3%, respectively, compared to 2020 (P < .001). Changes in injury mechanisms in 2020 included significant decreases in athletic injuries (−57.6%), falls (−16.8%), assaults (−15.5%), motor vehicle collisions (−8.7%), and pedestrian accidents (−6.9%) (P < .01), while off‐road vehicle (+48.4%), bicycle (+16.2%), and motorcycle (+8.9%) accidents increased (P < .01). The 10‐ to 14‐ and 5‐ to 9‐year‐old age groups experienced the most substantial reductions in facial fractures (−39.7% and −29.9%, respectively) and soft tissue injuries (−29.2% and −28.3%, respectively) in 2020 compared to 2019 (P < .001). Operative management of fractures and soft tissue injuries dropped by −20.3% and −12.4%, respectively, in 2020 versus 2019, and then rebounded with +15.8% and +14.6% increases in 2021 compared to 2020 (P < .001). In 2022, compared to prepandemic rates of 2019, there were fewer patients with facial fractures (−2.8%), soft tissue injuries (−4.5%), and operative repairs (−6.9% for fractures, −1.2% for soft tissue injuries) (P < .03).ConclusionCMF trauma decreased in 2020, with subsequent years showing a rebound to levels slightly below those immediately prior to pandemic onset. Changes in etiology, demographics, and treatment highlight the complex dynamics of traumatic injuries during periods of societal disruption.
Retrospective Exploration of Botulinum Toxin Injection for Pharyngoesophageal Segment Dysfunction Post‐laryngectomy
Authors: Kazemi Ruby J. , Prince Andrew D.P. , Casper Keith A. , Spector Matthew E. , Smith Joshua D. , Prince Mark E.P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess our institution's experience with botulinum toxin A injection management of pharyngoesophageal (PE) segment dysfunction after laryngectomy in tracheoesophageal voice and swallowing restoration.Study DesignA retrospective review of 43 patients who had Botox as treatment for PE dysfunction.SettingTertiary academic center with fellowship‐trained otolaryngologists.MethodsPre‐ and post‐injection outcomes were evaluated using chart review, and the severity of symptoms was recorded based on the subjective assessment by the patient, speech language pathologists, and the treating surgeon.ResultsForty‐three patients were treated for PE dysfunction with botulinum toxin A injection. Most patients were male (n = 35, 81.4%), underwent primary cricopharnygeal myotomy (n = 36, 83.7%), and 37 (86%) had both dysphagia and speech concerns. Our injection methods included percutaneous injection by videofluoroscopy (n = 19, 44.2%), transnasal esophagoscopy (17, 40.5%), electromyography (n = 3, 7%), ultrasound (n = 1, 2.3%), or in the operating room (n = 3,7%). We found that 37 (86%) patients had subjective improvement in their symptoms, with 16 (38.1%) improving in both swallow and voice. There were no significant complications, or subjective difference in speech and swallowing outcomes by method of injection.ConclusionBotulinum toxin A injection appears to be safe and effective for treating difficulty with speech and swallowing due to PE dysfunction after laryngectomy. Institutions should develop standard protocols for treatment and assessment.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Swallowing Dysfunction in Patients With Laryngomalacia Treated Medically and Surgically
Authors: Sloychuk Janelle , Callaghan Amy , Adsett Amanda , Isaac Daniela M. , El‐Hakim Hamdy , Isaac Andre 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the prevalence, pattern, and nature of swallowing dysfunction (SwD) in a consecutive cohort of patients with laryngomalacia (LM), and to determine factors associated with a higher burden of SwD.Study DesignThis was a retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with LM by 2 pediatric otolaryngologists between 2013 and 2022 and a minimum of 3‐month follow‐up.SettingTertiary care pediatric otolaryngology referral center.MethodsConsecutive cohort of patients less than 3 years old with LM diagnosed on flexible laryngoscopy were reviewed. Patients with incomplete follow‐up, lack of swallowing assessment, and genetic conditions or syndromes were excluded. All patients underwent at minimum a systematic clinical swallowing evaluation by a speech‐language pathologist specialized in pediatric dysphagia. Patients with concerning clinical exams underwent instrumental swallow evaluation (Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study [VFSS] or Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing [FEES]). The prevalence of abnormalities of clinical swallowing evaluation, instrumental swallow evaluation data, and details of management were collected.ResultsTwo hundred and twelve patients met criteria and were included in the final analysis. One hundred and fifteen patients (54%) had an instrumental assessment (VFSS or FEES). Of the instrumental assessments performed, 96 (69%) were abnormal. Of the total patient cohort, 55 (26%) had laryngeal penetration and/or aspiration. One hundred and seventeen (55%) had clinical or instrumental indications for intervention, with 18 (8%) requiring tube feeding. Patients with severe LM and those treated surgically had a statistically significant higher rate of penetration and aspiration.ConclusionPatients with LM have a high burden of dysphagia requiring medical intervention. The authors advocate for routine and systematic assessment of all patients with LM for swallowing dysfunction.
Experimental analysis of quasi‐static indentation in composite sandwich multilayers with corrugated core
Authors: Vahidimanesh Benyamin , Gazor Mohammad Sajjad , Farrokhabadi Amin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effects of multilayering in sandwich panel composite structures with different corrugated core configurations under quasi‐static indentation loading. The panels were fabricated using woven glass fibers and epoxy resin via the Vacuum Infusion Process. Experiments were conducted using two hemispherical cylindrical indenters with a diameter of 20 mm (ID = 20 mm) and 10 mm (ID = 10 mm) and the behavior of the composite structure in terms of contact force and fracture mechanisms for different core corrugations (square and butterfly) were investigated in two ways with foam and without foam. The experimental results demonstrate that, among corrugated core geometries without foam, butterfly cores outperform square cores in terms of structural strength, maximum force, moment force, energy absorption, specific energy absorption, and displacement until full indentation. Moreover, the butterfly core shows a higher peak load and different failure mechanisms compared to the square core. Under loading with a 10 mm indenter, the butterfly core without foam only experienced perforation in the loading area, without fracture completely. Also, adding foam did not change failure mechanisms and mechanical behavior in the butterfly geometry. However, in the square geometry, foam filled gaps between the core, preventing fracture completely and leading to only perforation in the loading area, unlike the specimen without foam. The visual analysis during the quasi‐static indentation process revealed several significant damage mechanisms, including matrix cracking, fiber breakage, delamination, buckling and crushing of cell walls, damage to top sheets, core separation, and complete indentation of the samples.Highlights
Delamination and indentation failure mechanisms were seen on the butterfly core.
Skin indentation and rib fracture failure mechanisms were seen on the square core.
Butterfly corrugated cores revealed the best performance without/with foam.
The core shape was more effective on the strength than the foam addition.
Water deficit and aphid resilience on wheat: examining Sitobion avenaeF. and their bacterial symbionts interplay under controlled laboratory conditions
Authors: Díaz‐Hernández Alison M. , Sepúlveda Daniela A. , González‐González Angélica , Briones Lucía M. , Correa Margarita C.G. , Figueroa Christian C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDClimate change has far‐reaching effects on food security and agriculture, affecting crop yields and food distribution. Agriculture relies heavily on water for irrigation and production, making it vulnerable to water scarcity. Additionally, climate change can affect crop pest insects, leading to increased global crop losses, particularly in cereals, an important component of the human diet. Aphids are major crop pests and have a symbiotic relationship with bacterial endosymbionts that can contribute to their success as pests under a climate change scenario. To test the effect of drought on aphids, we examined varying levels of water deficit and endosymbiont composition on the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) performance on wheat under controlled laboratory conditions. We measured the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm), the body weight of adult aphids, and the pre‐reproductive period for different genotypes of the grain aphid (including Chilean superclones) under different irrigation regimes. We also analyzed the relative abundance of their endosymbionts under the different water treatments.RESULTSOur findings revealed that water deficit affects each aphid genotype differently, impacting various traits. For instance, the body weight of adult aphids was notably affected by different water treatments, with aphids grown under intermediate water deficit (IW) being significantly bigger. The relative abundance of endosymbionts also varied among genotypes and water treatments—specifically Regiella insecticola had a noticeably higher abundance under IW (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThis study provides valuable insights into the impact of water deficit on aphid performance and the role of endosymbionts in mitigating the effects of water deficit. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The failure of infrastructures of international student (im)mobility: Case of COVID‐19
Authors: Sondhi Gunjan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper makes visible and examines the failure of infrastructures of (im)mobility drawing attention to their entanglements that together shape everyday lives. It draws on the experiences of international students (IS) in the UK during the COVID‐19 pandemic to firstly offer a reading of the pandemic as a crisis which exposed the already failing of the infrastructures that are supposed to sustain everyday lives. Secondly, it draws attention to the entangled infrastructures of finance and knowledge to show these connections and disconnections have always been tenuous and wrought with issues which the pandemic exposed but have always constituted the everyday lives of migrants such as IS. The paper closes by exploring the implications of these findings for future research.
Neuroinflammation inhibition and neuroprotective effects of purpurin, a potential anti‐AD compound, screened via network proximity and gene enrichment analyses
Authors: Zhao Jun , Guo Pengfei , Fang Jiansong , Wang Chao , Yan Caiqin , Bai Yiming , Wang Zhe , Du Guanhua , Liu Ailin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease without any effective preventive or therapeutic drugs. Natural products with stable structures and pharmacological characteristics are valuable sources for the development of novel drugs for many complex diseases. This study aimed to discover potential natural compounds for the treatment of AD using new technologies and methods and explore the efficacy and mechanism of candidate compounds. AD‐related large‐scale genetic datasets were collated to construct disease‐PPIs and natural products were collected from six databases to construct compound–protein interactions (CPIs). Potential relationships between natural compounds and AD were predicted via network proximity and gene enrichment analyses. Then, five AD‐related cell models and d‐galactose‐induced aging rat model were established to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of candidate compounds in vitro and in vivo. We identified that 267 natural compounds were predicted to have close connections with AD and 19 compounds could exert protective effect in at least one cell model. Notably, purpurin exerted protective effect in three cell models and significantly improved the cognitive learning and memory functions, reduced the oxidative stress injuries and neuroinflammation, and enhanced the synaptic plasticity and neurotrophic effect in the brain of d‐galactose‐treated rats. In this study, AD‐related natural compounds were identified via network proximity and gene enrichment analyses. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed the therapeutic potential of purpurin for AD treatment, laying the foundation for further in‐depth research and providing valuable information for the development of novel anti‐AD drugs.
Predicting implantation by using dual AI system incorporating three‐dimensional blastocyst image and conventional embryo evaluation parameters—A pilot study
Authors: Miyagi Yasunari , Habara Toshihiro , Hirata Rei , Hayashi Nobuyoshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the usefulness of an original dual artificial intelligence (AI) system, in which the first AI system eliminates the background of sliced tomographic blastocyst images, then the second AI system predicts implantation success using three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructed images of the sequential images and conventional embryo evaluation parameters (CEE) such as maternal age.MethodsPatients (from June 2022 to July 2023) could opt out and there was additional information on the Web site of the clinic. Implantation and non‐implantation cases numbered 458 and 519, respectively. A total of 10 747 tomographic images of the blastocyst in a time‐lapse incubator system with the CEE were obtained.ResultsThe statistic values by the dual AI system were 0.774 ± 0.033 (mean ± standard error) for area under the characteristic curve, 0.727 for sensitivity, 0.719 for specificity, 0.727 for predictive value of positive test, 0.719 predictive value of negative test, and 0.723 for accuracy, respectively.ConclusionsThe usefulness of the dual AI system in predicting implantation of blastocyst in handling 3D data with conventional embryo evaluation information was demonstrated. This system may be a feasible option in clinical practice.
Synthesis of a TBA‐Based Polymeric Photocatalyst for Boosting the Selective Bio‐Reduction of Furfural Under Solar Light Illumination
Authors: Singh Mansi , Yadav Rajesh K. , Mishra Shaifali , Shahin Rehana , Singh Satyam , Singhal Rajat , Gupta Navneet K. , Baeg Jin OoK , El‐Hiti Gamal A. , Kumar Yadav Krishna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotocatalyst‐enzyme coupled system for harnessing solar light stands out as a highly promising avenue that facilitates bio‐transformation and produces solar fuels. This study explores the integration of a metal‐free photocatalyst in the bio‐reduction of furfural to produce furfuryl alcohol. However, the bio‐reduction of furfural to produce furfuryl alcohol faces challenges due to harsh reaction conditions and expensive catalysts. Likewise, photocatalysts confront various research obstacles, including the absence of long‐lasting photogenerated charge carriers (electrons and holes), stability, and reusability. This work introduces an eco‐friendly and benign catalytic system, featuring an easily prepared photocatalyst using TBA (2,4,6‐tribromo aniline) by standard Ullman coupling. The newly designed polymeric tribromo aniline (PTBA) is cost‐effective, with outstanding light harvesting characteristics, appropriate energy band gap, and remarkably enhanced ability for transfer and migration of photo‐generated carriers. The research aims to optimize parameters for efficient conversion of furfural to produce furfuryl alcohol and also the photocatalytic production of NADH (80.08 %) from consumed NAD+. The photocatalytic efficiency was estimated by the yield percentage of this organic transformation. The absence of metals in the photocatalyst enhances sustainability, showcasing its potential in the green synthesis of furfuryl alcohol which is a valuable chemical with diverse applications.
Exploring Phytochemical Compounds Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Using QSAR, Molecular Dynamics, and Free Energy Landscape
Authors: Ali Abuzer , Ali Amena , Abida  , Zaidi Syeda Huma H. , Jassem Alsalman Abdulkhaliq , Al Hawaj Maitham A. , Singla Neelam , Imran Mohd 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile opportunistic bacterium that presents a considerable risk in medical environments because of its strong adaptability and resistance to multiple medications. Targeting the LasR quorum sensing system, which plays a crucial role in controlling virulence factors and biofilm formation, is a key intervention point. In this study, in silico molecular docking, machine learning‐based Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) techniques along with molecular dynamics simulation were employed to screen phytochemical compounds for their ability to inhibit the LasR QS system, a key regulator of virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study screened 1652 phytochemicals using the ML‐based QSAR model to identify 52 phytochemicals that had better activity than the control (N‐{[3,5‐dibromo‐2‐(methoxymethoxy)phenyl]methyl}‐2‐nitrobenzamide). The in silico molecular docking approach that targeted LasR identified compounds 5281647, 57331045, and 5281672 with high binding affinity and hydrogen bonds that were comparable to the control (docking score=−10.3 kcal/mol and hydrogen bonds=4). In the 200 ns post‐molecular dynamics simulation, 5281647 exhibited a stable RMSD of 0.25 nm, which was comparable to the control. The maximum number of hydrogen bonds was exhibited by 57331045, while 5281647 and 5281672 consistently exhibited four hydrogen bonds. Overall, the Principal component analysis (PCA) and Free Energy Landscape (FEL) analyses of the complexes demonstrated that these three compounds were in stable states. In comparison to the control (ΔGTOTAL=−39.58 kcal/mol), the cumulative binding free energy (ΔGTOTAL) for 5281647 and 57331045 was −39.95 kcal/mol and −39.25 kcal/mol, respectively. This further confirms the superior binding affinity of the two compounds. Both 5281647 and 57331045 were identified as potent inhibitors of the LasR transcription factor, which is essential for the quorum sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the present investigation. These findings underscore the importance of further exploration and optimization of phytochemicals for combating bacterial infections, offering promising avenues for future drug discovery efforts targeting this resilient pathogen.
Advancements in Energy Storage and Conversion: The Role of High‐Energy Irradiation Technology
Authors: Niu Yunhan , Dong Yingjie , Shi Haiting , Yang Qinxin , Zeng Linxuan , Xu Zhiwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractContemporary challenges have emerged concerning the capability and safety of secondary batteries in the energy storage field. Additionally, catalysts employed in the energy conversion confront issues including inadequate stability and elevated costs. In addition to its traditional use, high‐energy irradiation has found extended application in controlled manipulation of materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, due to its unique advantages of no secondary pollution, convenience, and efficiency. This review article shows the recent progress of the application of high‐energy irradiation technology in the field of energy storage and conversion for the first time. The mechanism of material modification via high‐energy irradiation was elaborated, and the application of high‐energy irradiation in tailoring materials for battery components and catalysts was discussed in detail. Finally, challenges for future research of high‐energy irradiation technology in the field of energy storage and conversion were proposed. This review article will provide important significance for subsequent research on high‐energy irradiation technology in the field of energy storage and conversion.