bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-photon excited fluorescence of intrinsic fluorophores enables label-free assessment of adipose tissue function
Authors: Alonzo Carlo Amadeo , Karaliota Sevasti , Pouli Dimitra , Liu Zhiyi , Karalis Katia P. , Georgakoudi Irene 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCurrent methods for evaluating adipose tissue function are destructive or have low spatial resolution. These limit our ability to assess dynamic changes and heterogeneous responses that occur in healthy or diseased subjects, or during treatment. Here, we demonstrate that intrinsic two-photon excited fluorescence enables functional imaging of adipocyte metabolism with subcellular resolution. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence from intracellular metabolic co-factors and lipid droplets can distinguish the functional states of excised white, brown and cold-induced beige fat. Similar optical changes are identified when white and brown fat are assessed in vivo. Therefore, these studies establish the potential of non-invasive, high resolution, endogenous contrast, two-photon imaging to identify distinct adipose tissue types, monitor their functional state and characterize heterogeneity of induced responses.
BMP7 retards peripheral myelination by activating p38 MAPK in Schwann cells
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zhao Yahong , Peng Su , Zhang Shuqiang , Wang Meihong , Chen Yeyue , Zhang Shan , Yang Yumin , Sun Cheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSchwann cell (SC) myelination is pivotal for the proper physiological functioning of the nervous system, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains less well understood. Here, we showed that the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) inversely correlates with myelin gene expression during peripheral myelination, which suggests that BMP7 is likely a negative regulator for myelin gene expression. Our experiments further showed that the application of BMP7 attenuates the cAMP induced myelin gene expression in SCs. Downstream pathway analysis suggested that both p38 MAPK and SMAD are activated by exogenous BMP7 in SCs. The pharmacological intervention and gene silence studies revealed that p38 MAPK, not SMAD, is responsible for BMP7-mediated suppression of myelin gene expression. In addition, c-Jun, a potential negative regulator for peripheral myelination, was up-regulated by BMP7. In vivo experiments showed that BMP7 treatment greatly impaired peripheral myelination in newborn rats. Together, our results established that BMP7 is a negative regulator for peripheral myelin gene expression and that p38 MAPK/c-Jun axis might be the main downstream target of BMP7 in this process.
Annexin A4-nuclear factor-κB feedback circuit regulates cell malignant behavior and tumor growth in gallbladder cancer
Authors: Yao Hou-Shan , Sun Chang , Li Xin-Xing , Wang Yi , Jin Kai-Zhou , Zhang Xiao-Ping , Hu Zhi-Qian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary system. However, the mechanisms underlying its tumor initiation, progression and metastasis are not yet fully understood. The annexin A4 (ANXA4) gene is highly expressed in GBC tissues and may play an important role in the initiation and progression of this disease. In this study, we examined the up-regulation ofANXA4in human GBC tissues and cell lines. Elevated ANXA4 correlated well with invasion depth in GBC patients and predicted a poor prognosis.In vitro, GBC-SD and NOZ cells withANXA4knockdown demonstrated increased apoptosis and inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion. Interactions between ANXA4 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 proteins were detected.In vivo,ANXA4knockdown inhibited tumor growth of GBC cells in nude mice and down-regulated the expression of downstream factors in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these data indicate that up-regulation ofANXA4leads to activation of the NF-κB pathway and its target genes in a feedback regulatory mechanism via the p65 subunit, resulting in tumor growth in GBC.
H/KDEL receptors mediate host cell intoxication by a viral A/B toxin in yeast
Authors: Becker Björn , Blum Andrea , Gießelmann Esther , Dausend Julia , Rammo Domenik , Müller Nina C. , Tschacksch Emilia , Steimer Miriam , Spindler Jenny , Becherer Ute , Rettig Jens , Breinig Frank , Schmitt Manfred J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA/B toxins such as cholera toxin, Pseudomonas exotoxin and killer toxin K28 contain a KDEL-like amino acid motif at one of their subunits which ensures retrograde toxin transport through the secretory pathway of a target cell. As key step in host cell invasion, each toxin binds to distinct plasma membrane receptors that are utilized for cell entry. Despite intensive efforts, some of these receptors are still unknown. Here we identify the yeast H/KDEL receptor Erd2p as membrane receptor of K28, a viral A/B toxin carrying an HDEL motif at its cell binding β-subunit. While initial toxin binding to the yeast cell wall is unaffected in cells lacking Erd2p, binding to spheroplasts and in vivo toxicity strongly depend on the presence of Erd2p. Consistently, Erd2p is not restricted to membranes of the early secretory pathway but extends to the plasma membrane where it binds and internalizes HDEL-cargo such as K28 toxin, GFPHDEL and Kar2p. Since human KDEL receptors are fully functional in yeast and restore toxin sensitivity in the absence of endogenous Erd2p, toxin uptake by H/KDEL receptors at the cell surface might likewise contribute to the intoxication efficiency of A/B toxins carrying a KDEL-motif at their cytotoxic A-subunit(s).
MoS2 memristor with photoresistive switching
Authors: Wang Wei , Panin Gennady N. , Fu Xiao , Zhang Lei , Ilanchezhiyan P. , Pelenovich Vasiliy O. , Fu Dejun , Kang Tae Won 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA MoS2nanosphere memristor with lateral gold electrodes was found to show photoresistive switching. The new device can be controlled by the polarization of nanospheres, which causes resistance switching in an electric field in the dark or under white light illumination. The polarization charge allows to change the switching voltage of the photomemristor, providing its multi-level operation. The device, polarized at a voltage 6 V, switches abruptly from a high resistance state (HRSL6) to a low resistance state (LRSL6) with the On/Off resistance ratio of about 10 under white light and smooth in the dark. Analysis of device conductivity in different resistive states indicates that its resistive state could be changed by the modulation of the charge in an electric field in the dark or under light, resulting in the formation/disruption of filaments with high conductivity. A MoS2photomemristor has great potential as a multifunctional device designed by using cost-effective fabrication techniques.
Surgical Approaches to Non-thyrogenic and Non-thymic Mediastinal Tumors of the Thoracic Inlet
Authors: Liu Yu , Lu Tao , Fan Hong , Xu Songtao , Ding Jianyong , Lin Zongwu , Wang Qun 
Published: August 2016

Background Non-thyrogenic and non-thymic mediastinal tumors of the thoracic inlet are in close proximity to several important vessels and nerves. The narrow confines of the thoracic inlet make complete excision of these tumors difficult, and selecting the appropriate surgical approach is important to successful resection.
Methods Records from 57 patients who presented to our department with non-thyrogenic and non-thymogenic tumors of the thoracic inlet from November 2004 to November 2015 were reviewed. All but one of the patients received surgical treatment. Thirty-two tumors were excised via video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Other approaches included thoracotomy, supraclavicular incision, supraclavicular incision plus thoracotomy/VATS, and a posterior midline approach with semi-laminectomy combined with VATS.
Results Tumors were resected completely in 54 cases and partially in one. One procedure (VATS) was aborted. There were no surgical mortalities, but there were some postoperative complications. The majority of the tumors were benign neurogenic tumors.
Conclusions Most tumors of the thoracic inlet are benign and can be removed via VATS. Thoracotomy is the appropriate approach for large tumors, particularly in cases where the first to second rib cannot be visualized. A supraclavicular approach is recommended for resection of tumors arising from the brachial plexus, and a supraclavicular approach combined with VATS or thoracotomy may be useful for larger masses. A posterior midline approach with semi-laminectomy combined with VATS is appropriate for dumbbell-shaped tumors.
Alternative haplotypes of antigen processing genes in zebrafish diverged early in vertebrate evolution
Authors: McConnell Sean C. , Hernandez Kyle M. , Wcisel Dustin J. , Kettleborough Ross N. , Stemple Derek L. , Yoder Jeffrey A. , Andrade Jorge , de Jong Jill L. O. 
Published: August 2016

SignificanceAntigen presentation genes are exceptionally polymorphic, enhancing immune defense. Polymorphism within additional components of the MHC pathway, particularly the antigen processing genes, may also shape immune responses. Using transcriptome, exome, and whole-genome sequencing to examine immune gene variation in zebrafish, we uncovered several antigen processing genes not found in the reference genome clustered within a deeply divergent haplotype of the core MHC locus. Our data provide evidence that these previously undescribed antigen processing genes retain ancient alternative sequence lineages, likely derived during the formation of the adaptive immune system, and represent the most divergent collection of antigen processing and presentation genes yet identified. These findings offer insights into the evolution of vertebrate adaptive immunity.
Near-atomic cryo-EM structure of PRC1 bound to the microtubule
Authors: Kellogg Elizabeth H. , Howes Stuart , Ti Shih-Chieh , Ramírez-Aportela Erney , Kapoor Tarun M. , Chacón Pablo , Nogales Eva 
Published: August 2016

Significance
PRC1 (protein regulator of cytokinesis 1) is critical to cellular architecture through its interaction with microtubules to form antiparallel microtubule arrays, like those in the spindle midzone. Here, cryo-EM studies describe, in close to atomic detail, the interaction of PRC1 with the microtubule surface. Together with previous studies, our structure leads to a model of how PRC1 promotes the establishment of stable, higher-order microtubule arrays.
Humour, ridicule and the de-legitimization of the working class in Swedish Reality Television
Authors: Eriksson Göran 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDrawing on tools from Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis this paper analyses the editing techniques in a Swedish docu-soap showing that humour is used to ridicule the working-class participants, representing them as slow, inflexible, undynamic and unstylish. The paper places this within broader discursive shifts in Sweden where the rise of neoliberalism requires a dismantling of the welfare state, legitimized partly though establishing the lower social economic groups as morally flawed and themselves responsible for their increasingly disadvantaged situation as social inequalities increase.
An Experimental Evaluation of Electrofishing Catchability and Catch Depletion Abundance Estimates of Larval Lampreys in a Wadeable Stream: Use of a Hierarchical Approach
Authors: Harris Julianne E. , Jolley Jeffrey C. , Silver Gregory S. , Yuen Henry , Whitesel Timothy A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSome lamprey species are in decline, and assessments of local abundance could benefit research and conservation. In wadeable streams, larval lampreys are collected by using specialized backpack electrofishing techniques, although catchability has not been sufficiently evaluated. We assessed removal models for estimating the local abundance of larval lampreys in experimental net‐pen enclosures within a wadeable stream. Known numbers of larvae were seeded at densities of 4–130 larvae/m2 into 1‐m2 enclosures that were lined with fine sand and placed into Cedar Creek, Washington (Columbia River basin). Depletion sampling in each enclosure (n = 69) was conducted by three to five electrofishing passes, and abundance was estimated by six removal models that assumed different catchability functions. Catchability averaged 0.28. For the standard removal model, which assumed that catchability varied independently by enclosure but not by pass, the 95% highest posterior density credible intervals (95% HPD‐CIs) were very large relative to the abundance estimates. Models assuming that catchability was either equal or a random factor among all enclosures and passes generally produced accurate (mean bias = −0.04) estimates of abundance, and 95% HPD‐CIs were much smaller. Based on our data set, the expected bias of abundance estimates for 80% of simulations was less than 20% if five passes were completed from at least four randomly selected quadrats and if catchability was assumed to be a random factor. Additional sampling may be needed at low lamprey densities (especially <4 larvae/m2). Our results suggest that local abundance of larval lampreys in wadeable streams can be effectively estimated by depletion sampling at multiple 1‐m2 quadrats and by use of a hierarchical removal model.Received June 12, 2015; accepted April 20, 2016 Published online August 5, 2016
Life History Diversity of Steelhead in Two Coastal Washington Watersheds
Authors: Hall Jason , Roni Philip , Bennett Todd , McMillan John , Hanson Karrie , Moses Raymond , McHenry Mike , Pess George , Ehinger William 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe used PIT tags implanted in juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss to monitor movement into and out of two coastal Washington State rivers, East Twin River and West Twin River. Movement patterns revealed at least 18 life histories of steelhead O. mykiss with variations in age and seasonal migration of juveniles, juvenile use of the ocean prior to migration, years spent in the ocean, season of adult return, and iteroparity. While most migrants left the river in their first fall or winter, we did not detect any returning adults from these age‐0 migrants. Adults were only produced from age‐1 and older migrants, of which most were age‐2 spring migrants that returned after two summers in the ocean. Our results indicated a positive relationship between fish length at tagging and the probability of being detected as a migrant, while the probability of a migrant leaving at age 1 and older decreased with increasing length at tagging among fish that were detected as migrants. We hypothesize that fish attaining a large enough size early in life to survive over the winter but not big enough to trigger migration at age 0 were more likely to remain in the river to become age‐1 migrants, which were more likely to produce a returning adult steelhead. We also found evidence that density‐dependent growth may influence juvenile steelhead migration patterns and production of migrants as evidenced by increasing contributing‐adult steelhead escapement being negatively related to average cohort body size, probabilities of fish being detected as migrants, and production of age‐1 and older migrants. We anticipate that the findings of this study can be used to inform the development of steelhead recovery strategies for East Twin and West Twin rivers, which have experienced recent declines in adult returns much like other North Pacific Ocean stocks.Received January 20, 2016; accepted May 18, 2016 Published online August 5, 2016
Developmental programmed cell death during asymmetric microsporogenesis in holocentric species ofRhynchospora(Cyperaceae)
Authors: Rocha Danilo M. , Marques André , Andrade Celia G.T.J. , Guyot Romain , Chaluvadi Srinivasa R. , Pedrosa-Harand Andrea , Houben Andreas , Bennetzen Jeffrey L. , Vanzela André L.L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMembers of the Cyperaceae family exhibit an asymmetric microsporogenesis that results in the degeneration of three out of four meiotic products. Efforts have been made previously to describe the resulting structure, named the pseudomonad, but mechanisms concerning the establishment of cell domains, nuclear development, and programmed cell death are largely unknown. Using the Rhynchospora genus as a model, evidence for cell asymmetry, cytoplasmic isolation, and programmed cell death was obtained by a combination of electron microscopic, cytochemical, immunocytochemical, in situ hybridization, and flow cytometric methods. Degenerative cells were identified at the abaxial region, with the cytoskeleton marking their delimitation from the functional domain after meiosis. After attempting to initiate cell division with an unreplicated genome and abnormal spindle assembly, these cells exhibited a gradual process of cytoplasmic contraction associated with hypermethylation of cytosines and differential loss of DNA. These results indicate that the asymmetric tetrad establishes a functional cell, where one nucleus is preferentially selected to survive. Degenerative haploid cells are then eliminated in a multistep process associated with mitotic disorder, non-random elimination of repetitive DNA, vacuolar cell death, and DNA fragmentation.
Experimental Reconstitution of Chronic ER Stress in the Liver Reveals Feedback Suppression of Bip mRNA Expression
Authors: Gomez Javier A. , Rutkowski D. Thomas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractER stress is implicated in many chronic diseases, but very little is known about how the unfolded protein response (UPR) responds to persistent ER stressin vivo. Here, we experimentally reconstituted chronic ER stress in the mouse liver, using repeated injection of a low dose of the ER stressor tunicamycin. Paradoxically, this treatment led to feedback-mediated suppression of a select group of mRNAs, including those encoding the ER chaperones BiP and GRP94. This suppression was due to both silencing of the ATF6a pathway of UPR-dependent transcription and enhancement of mRNA degradation, most likely via regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD). The suppression ofBipmRNA was phenocopied by ectopic overexpression of BiP protein, and was also observed in obese mice. Our findings suggest that persistent cycles of UPR activation and deactivation create an altered, quasi-stable setpoint for UPR-dependent transcriptional regulation—an outcome that could be relevant to conditions such as metabolic syndrome.
Signatures of human European Paleolithic expansion shown by resequencing of non-recombining X-chromosome segments
Authors: Delser Pierpaolo Maisano , Neumann Rita , Ballereau Stéphane , Hallast Pille , Batini Chiara , Zadik Daniel , Joblingt Mark A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHuman genetic diversity in Europe has been extensively studied using uniparentally-inherited sequences (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] and the Y chromosome), which reveal very different patterns indicating sex-specific demographic histories. The X chromosome, haploid in males and inherited twice as often from mothers as from fathers, could provide insights into past female behaviours, but has not been extensively investigated. Here, we use HapMap SNP data to identify segments of the X chromosome in which recombination is historically absent and mutations are likely to be the only source of genetic variation, referring to these as Phylogeographically informative Haplotypes on Autosomes and X chromosome (PHAXs). Three such sequences spanning a total of ~49 kb were resequenced in 240 males from Europe, the Middle East and Africa at an average coverage of 181 ×. PHAXs were confirmed to be essentially non-recombining across European samples. All three loci show highly homogeneous patterns across Europe and are highly differentiated from the African sample. Star-like structures of European-specific haplotypes in median-joining networks indicate past population expansions. Bayesian skyline plots and time-to-most-recent-common-ancestor estimates suggest expansions pre-dating the Neolithic transition, a finding that is more compatible with data on mtDNA than the Y chromosome, and with the female bias of X-chromosomal inheritance. This study demonstrates the potential of the use of X-chromosomal haplotype blocks, and the utility of the accurate ascertainment of rare variants for inferring human demographic history.
Fast and accurate spike sorting invitroandin vivofor up to thousands of electrodes
Authors: Yger Pierre , Spampinato Giulia L.B. , Esposito Elric , Lefebvre Baptiste , Deny Stéphane , Gardella Christophe , Stimberg Marcel , Jetter Florian , Zeck Guenther , Picaud Serge , Duebel Jens , Marre Olivier 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how assemblies of neurons encode information requires recording large populations of cells in the brain. In recent years, multi-electrode arrays and large silicon probes have been developed to record simultaneously from hundreds or thousands of electrodes packed with a high density. However, these new devices challenge the classical way to do spike sorting. Here we developed a new method to solve these issues, based on a highly automated algorithm to extract spikes from extracellular data, and show that this algorithm reached near optimal performance both invitroandin vivo.The algorithm is composed of two main steps: 1) a “template-finding” phase to extract the cell templates, i.e. the pattern of activity evoked over many electrodes when one neuron fires an action potential; 2) a “template-matching” phase where the templates were matched to the raw data to find the location of the spikes. The manual intervention by the user was reduced to the minimal, and the time spent on manual curation did not scale with the number of electrodes. We tested our algorithm with large-scale data from invitroand in vivo recordings, from 32 to 4225 electrodes. We performed simultaneous extracellular and patch recordings to obtain “ground truth” data, i.e. cases where the solution to the sorting problem is at least partially known. The performance of our algorithm was always close to the best expected performance. We thus provide a general solution to sort spikes from large-scale extracellular recordings.
The Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase AtMMS21 Dissociates the E2Fa/DPa Complex in Cell Cycle Regulation
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Lai Jianbin , Yu Mengyuan , Wang Feige , Zhang Juanjuan , Jiang Jieming , Hu Huan , Wu Qian , Lu Guohui , Xu Panglian , Yang Chengwei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDevelopment requires the proper execution and regulation of the cell cycle via precise, conserved mechanisms. Critically, the E2F/DP complex controls the expression of essential genes during cell cycle transitions. Here, we discovered the molecular function of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUMO E3 ligase METHYL METHANESULFONATE SENSITIVITY GENE21 (AtMMS21) in regulating the cell cycle via the E2Fa/DPa pathway. DPa was identified as an AtMMS21-interacting protein and AtMMS21 competes with E2Fa for interaction with DPa. Moreover, DPa is a substrate for SUMOylation mediated by AtMMS21, and this SUMOylation enhances the dissociation of the E2Fa/DPa complex. AtMMS21 also affects the subcellular localization of E2Fa/DPa. The E2Fa/DPa target genes are upregulated in the root of mms21-1 and mms21-1 mutants showed increased endoreplication. Overexpression of DPa affected the root development of mms21-1, and overexpression of AtMMS21 completely recovered the abnormal phenotypes of 35S:E2Fa-DPa plants. Our results suggest that AtMMS21 dissociates the E2Fa/DPa complex via competition and SUMOylation in the regulation of plant cell cycle.