bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancements and Challenges in Organic–Inorganic Composite Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Cheng Shichao , Fu Chuankai , Yin Geping , Wang Liguang , Wu Yongmin , Huo Hua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries, particularly their low energy density and safety concerns, all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative. Among the various SEs, organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes (OICSEs) that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications. However, OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications, such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability, which severely limit their applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs. Specifically, the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs, including ionic conductivity, Li+ transfer number, mechanical strength, electrochemical stability, electronic conductivity, and thermal stability are systematically discussed. The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective. Besides, the classic inorganic filler types, including both inert and active fillers, are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs. Finally, the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized, and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.
Emerging Technologies for Decarbonizing Silicon Production
Authors: Hoover Haley , Bell Robert , Rippy Kerry 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilicon (Si) is an important material for alloying, solar photovoltaics, and electronics. However, current methods of producing silicon require energy consumption of around 11–13 kWh/kgSi and direct carbon emissions are 4.7–5 tons CO2 per ton Si which conflicts with global efforts to limit climate change. In this work, we discuss several promising methods for reducing or eliminating carbon emissions from the silicon production process. Such methods include using biocarbon, integrating the current process with carbon capture and utilization/storage (CCU/CCS), metallothermic reduction, hydrogen reduction, and molten salt electrolysis. We present the positive aspects and challenges of each approach. Biocarbon coupled with CCU/CCS is the most industrially mature technology and can be carbon–neutral or -negative but is not carbon-free. Hydrogen directly reducing silicon dioxide is not thermodynamically favorable, but it may be viable to use hydrogen in conjunction with other processes to reduce emissions. Metallothermic and electrochemical methods of production are promising and have the potential to create high-purity silicon with no reduction-related carbon emissions but have only been demonstrated at lab scale. Economic viability will likely be the next determining factor for which technologies are more widely researched and implemented.
Graphical Abstract
Heutagogy as a framework for Christian discipleship: the triadic role of biblical wisdom literature, the teachings of Jesus Christ, and the work of the Holy Spirit
Authors: Hukkinen Esa , Luetz Johannes M. , Dowden Tony 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeutagogy—also known as self-determined learning—empowers individuals to take charge of their personal growth by fostering proactive approaches to self-development. In a Christian context, self-enacted spiritual growth can operate within a range of personal, denominational, and/or hermeneutical understandings of discipleship. Moreover, self-determined learning transcends diverse Christian traditions, mirroring different expressions of the role and work of the Holy Spirit in capacitating Christian discipleship. This conceptual paper contributes to the literature by expounding and advocating heutagogy as an under-appreciated framework for facilitating spiritual growth. To construct its argument, the paper draws on three sources: biblical wisdom literature, the teachings of Jesus Christ, and selected expressions of the continuing work of the Holy Spirit in the lives of Christian believers.
Lattice reconstruction for mixed-halide blue perovskite light-emitting diodes with high brightness, outstanding color stability and low efficiency roll-off
Authors: Wu Jionghua , Wang Renjie , Zhang Rui , Portale Giuseppe , Solano Eduardo , Liu Xiaoke , Gao Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report a simple, effective, and universal lattice reconstruction approach to improve the quality of perovskite films by using nonpolar solvents with high Gutmann donor numbers (DNs). We find that high-DN nonpolar solvents, for instance, ethyl acetate, can interact with perovskite precursors. Such a solvent can make the perovskite lattice more ordered and “harder” and promote the formation of heterostructures with low-dimensional perovskite impurities and residual solvent molecules. As a result, the lattice-reconstructed perovskite films exhibit reduced defect densities and suppressed ion migration. The resultant mixed-halide blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) show greatly enhanced tolerance to high driving current densities and voltages, demonstrating high brightness, outstanding color stability and low efficiency roll-off. Our work provides a deep understanding of the interactions between nonpolar solvents and perovskites and offers useful guidelines for further development of high-power PeLEDs.
A Simple Bias Reduction for Chatterjee’s Correlation
Authors: Dalitz Christoph , Arning Juliane , Goebbels Steffen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChatterjee’s rank correlation coefficient $$\xi _n$$

ξ
n

is an empirical index for detecting functional dependencies between two variables X and Y. It is an estimator for a theoretical quantity $$\xi $$
ξ
that is zero for independence and one if Y is a measurable function of X. Based on an equivalent characterization of sorted numbers, we derive an upper bound for $$\xi _n$$

ξ
n

and suggest a simple normalization aimed at reducing its bias for small sample size n. In Monte Carlo simulations of various models, the normalization reduced the bias in all cases. The mean squared error was reduced, too, for values of $$\xi $$
ξ
greater than about 0.4. Moreover, we observed that non-parametric confidence intervals for $$\xi $$
ξ
based on bootstrapping $$\xi _n$$

ξ
n

in the usual n-out-of-n way have a coverage probability close to zero. This is remedied by an m-out-of-n bootstrap without replacement in combination with our normalization method.
Adaptive reduced basis trust region methods for parameter identification problems
Authors: Kartmann Michael , Keil Tim , Ohlberger Mario , Volkwein Stefan , Kaltenbacher Barbara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this contribution, we are concerned with model order reduction in the context of iterative regularization methods for the solution of inverse problems arising from parameter identification in elliptic partial differential equations. Such methods typically require a large number of forward solutions, which makes the use of the reduced basis method attractive to reduce computational complexity. However, the considered inverse problems are typically ill-posed due to their infinite-dimensional parameter space. Moreover, the infinite-dimensional parameter space makes it impossible to build and certify classical reduced-order models efficiently in a so-called “offline phase”. We thus propose a new algorithm that adaptively builds a reduced parameter space in the online phase. The enrichment of the reduced parameter space is naturally inherited from the Tikhonov regularization within an iteratively regularized Gauß-Newton method. Finally, the adaptive parameter space reduction is combined with a certified reduced basis state space reduction within an adaptive error-aware trust region framework. Numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency of the combined parameter and state space reduction for inverse parameter identification problems with distributed reaction or diffusion coefficients.
Embodied Poverty: Bioarchaeology of the Brentwood Poor Farm, Brentwood, New Hampshire (1841–1868)
Authors: Garcia-Putnam Alex , Michael Amy R. , Duff Grace , Maronie Ashanti , McCrane Samantha M. , Morrill Michaela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThrough a commingled, fragmentary assemblage of skeletal remains (MNI = 9) recovered from a 1999 salvage excavation, this article explores the lives and deaths of individuals interred at the Brentwood Poor Farm, Brentwood, New Hampshire (1841–1868). This work demonstrates that bioarchaeological analyses of smaller samples can provide nuanced accounts of marginalization and institutionalization even with scant historical records. The skeletal analysis presented here is contextualized within the larger history of the American poor farm system and compared to similar skeletal samples across the United States. The hardships these individuals faced—poverty, otherness, demanding labor—were embodied in their skeletal remains, manifesting as osteoarthritis, dental disease, and other signs of physiological stress. These individuals’ postmortem fates were also impacted by status; they were interred in unmarked graves, disturbed by construction, and once recovered, were again forgotten for more than 20 years.
Optimal surrender policy for reverse mortgage loans
Authors: Bernard Carole , Kolkiewicz Adam , Tang Junsen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study conducts an optimal surrender analysis of reverse mortgage (RM) loans offered to elderly homeowners as a financing option. Recent market evidence on borrower early surrenders has raised concerns about the marketability of RM products and their impact on the program viability. In this article, we derive the borrower optimal surrender strategy as a function of the underlying value of the home used as collateral for RM contracts with tenure payment option. Using a probabilistic approach to American option pricing, we present a decomposition result for the value of the contract as the sum of its European counterpart without the surrendering provision and an early exercise premium. The methodology allows policymakers to assess the financial incentive of their policy design, from which we explain the existing market evidence about borrower rational lapse by means of the resulting surrender boundary and reference probabilities.
GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array eXtended (GLEAM-X) survey II: Second Data Release
Authors: Ross Kathryn , Hurley-Walker Natasha , Galvin Timothy James , Venville Brandon , Duchesne Stefan William , Morgan John , An Tao , Gürkan Gulay , Hancock Paul J. , Heald George , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , White Sarah V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present the second data release for the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array eXtended (GLEAM-X) survey. This data release is an area of 12 892-deg

$^2$

around the South Galactic Pole region covering 20 h40 m

$\leq$

RA

$\leq$

6 h40 m, -90

$^\circ$

$\leq$

Dec

$\leq$

+30

$^\circ$

. Observations were taken in 2020 using the Phase-II configuration of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) and covering a frequency range of 72–231 MHz with twenty frequency bands. We produce a wideband source finding mosaic over 170–231 MHz with a median root-mean-squared noise of

$1.5^{+1.5}_{-0.5}$

mJy beam

$^{-1}$

. We present a catalogue of 624 866 components, including 562 302 components which are spectrally fit. This catalogue is 98% complete at 50 mJy, and a reliability of 98.7% at a 5

$\sigma$

level, consistent with expectations for this survey. The catalogue is made available via Vizier, and the PASA datastore and accompanying mosaics for this data release are made available via AAO Data Central and SkyView.
Probing the soft X-ray properties and multi-wavelength variability of SN2023ixf and its progenitor
Authors: Panjkov Sonja , Auchettl Katie , Shappee Benjamin J. , Do Aaron , Lopez Laura , Beacom John F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of nearly two decades of optical/UV and X-ray data to study the multi-wavelength pre-explosion properties and post-explosion X-ray properties of nearby SN2023ixf located in M101. We find no evidence of precursor activity in the optical to UV down to a luminosity of

$\lesssim$

$1.0\times10^{5}\, \textrm{L}_{\odot}$

, while X-ray observations covering nearly 18 yr prior to explosion show no evidence of luminous precursor X-ray emission down to an absorbed 0.3–10.0 keV X-ray luminosity of

$\sim$

$6\times10^{36}$

erg s

$^{-1}$

. Extensive Swift observations taken post-explosion did not detect soft X-ray emission from SN2023ixf within the first

$\sim$

3.3 days after first light, which suggests a mass-loss rate for the progenitor of

$\lesssim$

$5\times10^{-4}\,\textrm{M}_{\odot}$

yr

$^{-1}$

or a radius of

$\lesssim$

$4\times10^{15}$

cm for the circumstellar material. Our analysis also suggests that if the progenitor underwent a mass-loss episode, this had to occur

$>$

0.5–1.5 yr prior to explosion, consistent with previous estimates. Swift detected soft X-rays from SN2023ixf

$\sim$

$4.25$

days after first light, and it rose to a peak luminosity of

$\sim10^{39}$

erg s

$^{-1}$

after 10 days and has maintained this luminosity for nearly 50 days post first light. This peak luminosity is lower than expected, given the evidence that SN2023ixf is interacting with dense material. However, this might be a natural consequence of an asymmetric circumstellar medium. X-ray spectra derived from merging all Swift observations over the first 50 days are best described by a two-component bremsstrahlung model consisting of a heavily absorbed and hotter component similar to that found using NuSTAR, and a less-absorbed, cooler component. We suggest that this soft component arises from cooling of the forward shock similar to that found in Type IIn SN2010jl.
The trajectories of free sugar intake during childhood, their main sources and its association with socio-economic factors: generation XXI birth cohort
Authors: Sosa Sofia , Severo Milton , Marinho Ana Rita , Lopes Carla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to describe trajectories of free sugar (FS) intake, its main sources and the associations with socio-economic status (SES) in Portuguese children/adolescents evaluated at 4, 7, 10 and 13 years of age from Generation XXI birth-cohort. Dietary intake was assessed through 3-day food diaries (n 5268). Added sugar intake was estimated following a systematic methodology, and FS was based on the WHO definition. A mixed-effects model with linear and quadratic terms for time was used to estimate FS trajectories and its association with SES, adjusting for children’s sex, age, BMI and SES. The FS mean intake (g/day) was 37, 47, 51 and 48 at 4, 7, 10 and 13 years, respectively. FS intake increased 4·6 g/year (CI 95 %: 4·20, 5·04), but velocity decreased by 0·3 g/year2 until 13 years. At all ages, the main food source was sweets. Some item’s consumption declined (sweets 25–21 % and yoghurts 22–7 %) as children grew older. Inversely, soft drink intake increased (9–18 %). Boys and children from younger mothers had higher FS intake, whereas higher maternal–SES was associated with lower children’s FS intake: occupational status (β = –3·5; 95 % CI: –4·97, –1·94), years of education (β = –3·7; 95 % CI: –4·93, –2·40) and household income (β = –4·9; 95 % CI: –6·50, –3·27). The FS trajectories were similar by SES categories but different by obesity status (interaction term β = –1·04; CI 95 % (–1·50, –0·59)). An increasing FS trajectory during childhood is mainly driven by an increasing intake of soft drinks and nectars. The FS trajectory pattern did not change according to SES categories, but children’s FS intake was always higher when their mothers had a lower SES.
Sectorial economic activity and Divisia monetary aggregates
Authors: Dery Cosmas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper assesses the information content and predictive capabilities of Divisia monetary indicators concerning sector-specific economic activities. Although existing evidence strongly supports the informative nature and predictive potential of various Divisia indicators at an aggregate level, studies focusing on Divisia information content for specific industries are notably sparse. Sector-level data provide a more detailed insight into economic and labor market dynamics. By analyzing comprehensive sector-specific data on real GDP, value added, employment, and unemployment rates across thirteen diverse sectors in the United States, this paper investigates the predictive abilities of narrow and broad Divisia money across three categories (original, credit card-augmented, and credit card-augmented inside money). The results show that narrow Divisia money serve as robust predictors of sector-specific economic and labor market indicators, often surpassing the predictive capacity of the conventional Fed funds rate and slightly outperforming broad Divisia measures in relation to these indicators.
The effect of the implementation of the international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes on child mortality in Ghana and Tanzania
Authors: Lima Constantino Juliana , Pichler Stefan , Kramer Lybrich , Biesma Regien 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes is an important instrument to protect and promote appropriate infant and young child feeding and the safe use of commercial milk formulas. Ghana and Tanzania implemented the Code into national legislation in 2000 and 1994, respectively. We aimed to estimate the effects of the Code implementation on child mortality (CM) in both countries.

Setting:
The countries analysed were Ghana and Tanzania.

Participants:
For CM and HIV rates, data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation from up to 2019 were used. Data for income and skilled birth rates were retrieved from the World Bank, for fertility from the World Population Prospects, for vaccination from the Global Health Observatory and for employment from the International Labour Organization.

Design:
We used the synthetic control group method and performed placebo tests to assess statistical inference. The primary outcomes were CM by lower respiratory infections, mainly pneumonia, and diarrhoea and the secondary outcome was overall CM.

Results:
One-sided inference tests showed statistically significant treatment effects for child deaths by lower respiratory infections in Ghana (P = 0·0476) and Tanzania (P = 0·0476) and for diarrhoea in Tanzania (P = 0·0476). More restrictive two-sided inference tests showed a statistically significant treatment effect for child deaths by lower respiratory infections in Ghana (P = 0·0476). No statistically significant results were found for overall CM.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that the implementation of the Code in both countries had a potentially beneficial effect on CM due to infectious diseases; however, further research is needed to corroborate these findings.
Surface Charging of the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) Spacecraft in the Solar Wind at 1 AU
Authors: Holmberg M. K. G. , Jackman C. M. , Taylor M. G. G. T. , Witasse O. , Wahlund J.‐E. , Barabash S. , Michotte de Welle B. , Huybrighs H. L. F. , Imhof C. , Cipriani F. , Déprez G. , Altobelli N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article presents the first study of the interaction between the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft and the solar wind environment at 1 AU. The state‐of‐the‐art software Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software was used to simulate the surface charging of the spacecraft and the altered particle environment around the spacecraft. The simulations show that for a typical solar wind environment the spacecraft will charge to around 6 V, with the different dielectric parts of the spacecraft charging to potentials from around −36 to 8 V. For the studied extreme solar wind environment, similar to the environment found in the sheath region inside the shock front of an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection, the surface potential of the spacecraft is lower due to the increased accumulation of electrons. The spacecraft will charge to around 3 V, with the different dielectric surfaces charging from around −45 to 9 V. We also show how the interaction between the spacecraft and its environment alters the ion and electron particle environment around the spacecraft. This study is the first step toward developing correction techniques for the impact that the interaction between the JUICE spacecraft and its environment has on the JUICE charged particle and field measurements.
A flexible resistive strain gauge with reduced temperature effect via thermal expansion anisotropic composite substrate
Authors: Li Mengqiu , Hu Zhiyuan , Yan Bo , Wang Jiaxiang , Zhang Haodong , Ye Fengming , Sun Bin , Liu Junshan , Li Yahui , Ding Guifu , Zang Faheng , Yang Zhuoqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStrain gauge plays vital roles in various fields as structural health monitoring, aerospace engineering, and civil infrastructure. However, traditional flexible strain gauge inevitably brings the pseudo-signal caused by the substrate temperature effect and determines its accuracy. Here, we present an anisotropic composite substrate designed to modify the thermal expansion performance via Micro-electro-mechanical System (MEMS) technology, which facilitates the development of strain gauges that are minimally affected by substrate temperature-induced effect. Compared to the isotropic flexible substrate, the simulated expansion displacement in the thermal insensitive direction is reduced by 53.6% via introducing an anisotropic thermal expansion structure. The developed strain gauge exhibits significantly reduced sensitivity to temperature-induced effect, with a temperature coefficient of resistance decreasing from 87.3% to 10%, along with a notable 47.1% improvement in TCR stability. In addition, the strain gauge displays a sensitivity of 1.99 and boasts a wide strain operational range of 0–6000 µε, while maintaining excellent linearity. Furthermore, stress response conducted on a model of an aircraft wing illustrates the rapid monitoring of the strain gauge, which can detect strain as low as 100 µε. This study strongly highlights the potential applicability of the developed strain gauge in the aircraft, ships, and bridges for monitoring stress.