bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EnCoNet: An Ensemble-based Synthetic Speech Attribution Scheme with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Saha Utsab , Murad Md Boktiar Mahbub , Islam Tasnim Nishat , Sammya Swojan Datta , Sanam Tahsina Farah , Imtiaz Hafiz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Due to the advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, differentiating between human voice and generated voice has become a challenging problem. Addressing this problem requires a better understanding and analysis of the characteristics of natural speech and AI-generated speech. However, these characteristics can differ in real-world scenarios, where multiple sources interact together. Relying on manual feature engineering or large neural networks as a solution to this speech attribution problem is often not suitable for practical implementations. To this end, lightweight deep learning-based solutions can help identify the subliminal artifacts present in the AI-generated speech by abstract- ing away the complexities and providing end-to-end solutions for synthetic speech attribution tasks. In this work, we propose an ensemble-based synthetic speech attribution algorithm EnCoNet that employs light-weight one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural networks. Additionally, the effectiveness of a semi-supervised learning approach is demonstrated to ensure the generalization and robustness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed network is trained on the Signal Processing Cup (SP Cup) 2022 dataset. The evaluation scores in terms of accuracy of the proposed model on two weakly distorted evaluation datasets of Signal Processing Cup 2022 are 96.4% and 98.2%, respectively, whereas for the highly distorted evaluation dataset, the score is 50.87%. Additionally, the proposed model’s evaluation score on custom-made synthetic classes (from ASVspoof 2019 dataset) is 98%, which strongly indicates the robustness and generalization capabilities of the proposed approach. Finally, the results obtained using the proposed method are compared with the existing works and it outperforms them in terms of accuracy, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed ensemble-based network.
Durable and Low-cost flocculant-coated Fe-MOFs for high Fenton-like Performance
Authors: Lai Zhengbo , Huang Tao , Zhou Hualan , Wang Shengkang , Zhu Jing , Zhao Yibo , Wang Yinzhi , Liao Xiaoyuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this work, three kinds of Flocculant, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and Chitosan (CTS), coating Fe-MO were prepared by a coprecipitation method followed by an in situ graft copolymerization. Results of various characterization techniques indicated that flocculant materials were successfully coated on the Fe-MOF surface, and were used as heterogeneous catalyst to degrade phenol in a Fenton-like reaction. Their catalytic activity has the order of MIL-CMC > MIL-MCC > MIL-CTS > MIL-88B. Experimental results revealed that about 100% phenol could be removed in 5 min under optimal conditions. The effects of initial solution pH, H2O2 concentration and catalyst dosage on the phenol degradation, as well as the stability and reusability of the catalyst, were investigated. Compared with pristine Fe-MOFs, the flocculent-MOFs not only provides better activity but also possesses higher stabilizing ability.
Supporting parents to support children. A UK Randomised Controlled Trial testing a text-message intervention to cultivate the home learning environment [Pre-registered report].
Authors: O'Reilly Fionnuala , Loeb Susanna , Farrell Alice , Scerif Gaia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

A stimulating and supportive home learning environment helps children to be cognitively and emotionally ready to learn by age 5. Despite the increased availability of parenting information, the attainment gap between rich and poor continues to widen in many developed nations. Tips by Text is a 12-month text-message programme developed in the US, and designed to integrate developmental activities into everyday tasks that parents and children do together. The messages aim to enhance language, literacy, numeracy, and socioemotional skills in 4-year-olds. The programme was adapted and tested in a large-scale randomised controlled trial involving 109 schools in England from 2019 to 2021 (n=3,600). Post-intervention data collection was impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, resulting in approximately 70% random attrition on the primary outcome measure and a final analytical sample of n=753. This sample is comparable to the US-based sample in which the efficacy of Tips by Text was originally assessed, and so we proceed with analysis. In this study, we conduct secondary data analysis to examine the effectiveness of the programme on the sample that could be obtained. We explore whether students facing various challenges, including economic and neighbourhood disadvantage, English as an additional language, special educational needs, and multiple simultaneous challenges, were differentially impacted by the programme.
Ionisation of atoms determined by kappa refinement against 3D electron diffraction data
Authors: Suresh Ashwin , Yörük Emre , Cabaj Małgorzata K. , Brázda Petr , Výborný Karel , Sedláček Ondřej , Müller Christian , Chintakindi Hrushikesh , Eigner Václav , Palatinus Lukáš 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Conventional refinement strategies used for three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) data disregard the bonding effects between the atoms in a molecule by assuming a pure spherical model called the Independent Atom model (IAM) and may lead to inaccurate or biased structure. Here we show that it is possible to perform a refinement going beyond IAM with electron diffraction data. We perform kappa refinement which models charge transfers between atoms while assuming a spherical model. We demonstrate the procedure by analysing five inorganic samples; quartz, natrolite, borane, lutecium aluminium garnet, and caesium lead bromide. Implementation of the kappa refinement improved the structure model obtained over conventional IAM refinements and provided information on the ionisation of atoms. The results were validated against periodic DFT calculations. The work presents an extension of the conventional refinement of 3D ED data for a more accurate structure model which enables charge density information to be extracted.
Kiswahili Language Support For Students Science Learning Outcomes In a Multilingual Classroom In East Africa: A Case Study Of Government-Aided Secondary Schools In Western Uganda
Authors: Aja Lucy , Muhammad Tukur , Bwema Keneth , Lubega Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the Kiswahili language support for students' science learning outcomes in a multilingual classroom in East Africa: A case study of government-aided secondary school in Western Uganda. the study was guided by three research objectives, questions, and hypotheses. The study employed an experimental research design, specifically, it employed a quasi-experimental research design. The method of data collection was a science achievement multiple choice question which is made of 60 items for students. The study has two groups, the experimental and the control group. The study's target population is all the senior four secondary school students in western Uganda and the sample size is one hundred and eighty students from the two schools randomly sampled for the study. The study data was analyzed using descriptive statistics which is used to compare the pretest and post-test scores and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at an alpha level of 0.05 level of significance. The result of the findings indicated that male students performed better than female students taught science using Kiswahili language support and there is a significant difference in the effect of Kiswahili language support on students' science learning outcomes in secondary schools. The study also shows that students who were taught science using Kiswahili language support have better learning outcomes than students who were taught using the English language and that there is a significant difference in science learning outcomes between students receiving Kiswahili language support and those who do not and finally the results indicated that Kiswahili language has a better learning outcomes in science compared to the use of English language which implies that there is no interaction between method and gender on students learning outcomes and that there is no significant interaction between methods and gender on students science learning outcomes. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended that teachers should be encouraged to use Kiswahili as a support language in science instructions to improve understanding among students and also there should be further research on language support and science learning in the context of multilingual to inform policy and practice in Education.
Oxidative ligninolytic enzymes and their role in textile dye biodegradation: a comprehensive review
Authors: Aragaw Tadele Assefa , Bogale Fekadu Mazengiaw , Tesfaye Eshet Lakew 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Dye degradation mediated by oxidoreductive enzymes has been well explored in textile wastewater treatment. Ligninolytic enzymes (LEs) play key roles in the biodegradation of textile dyes. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the potentiality of LEs in textile dye biodegradation. The sources, biodegradation mechanisms, and dye removal efficiencies of LEs were discussed. Moreover, factors affecting dye biodegradation efficiency, and applications and limitations of LEs were highlighted. LEs are extracellular protein complexes that have a synergetic effect on dye biodegradation and can remove up to 99% of the dye using one or more LEs over wide pH and temperature ranges. Laccase is a highly explored and examined enzyme compared to lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) for dye biodegradation. Although extensive research has been conducted on fungal laccases, it is worth noting that bacterial laccases exhibit unique properties, such as stability at elevated temperatures and alkaline pH, which are not typically observed in fungal laccases, making them an ideal candidate for the treatment of textile wastewater. Further research on the optimization of experimental conditions is required to improve the dye biodegradation efficiency of these enzymes. It is also crucial for improving biodegradation capabilities using recombinant DNA technology.
Resource recovery of water treatment plant sludge and river sediment as phosphorus removal material: feasibility and mechanisms
Authors: Lin Jinhuang , Zou Jing , Zhuang Lining , Jin Hongyi , Liao Xiaobin , Cao Wei , Li Fei , Zhou Zhenming 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Excessive phosphorus is a critical contributor to eutrophication, necessitating the use of substantial amounts of phosphorus removal materials. To address the challenge of managing water treatment plant sludge and river sediment while also supplying mass-produced phosphorus-removing materials for projects targeting phosphorus removal in water bodies, this paper attempted to study the feasibility of preparing phosphorus removal materials by mixing and calcining water treatment plant sludge and river sediment (C-WTPS/RS). The study examined the transformation of phosphorus forms in C-WTPS/RS before and after adsorption. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, zeta potential, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller equation, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda model, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to elucidate the phosphorus removal mechanisms. The results showed that C-WTPS/RS was effective in removing phosphorus from water and preventing the release of phosphorus from the sediment. Additionally, C-WTPS/RS had a low risk of releasing phosphorus and metals within the pH range of natural water bodies. These proved that it is feasible to remove phosphorus by C-WTPS/RS. After adsorption, the increased phosphorus in C-WTPS/RS was mainly dominated by the non-apatite inorganic phosphorus within inorganic phosphorus. The main phosphorus removal mechanisms of C-WTPS/RS were physical adsorption, electrostatic adsorption, chemical precipitation, and ligand exchange.
Polygonum hydropiper Leaves have More Medicinal Value than Stems: Based on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Wang Meiran , Hou Wencheng , Jiang Zixiao , Zhuang Zhong , Liu Weirui , Liu Yangyang 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Polygonum hydropiper, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, contains
abundant volatile components and effective ingredients such as flavonoids, exerting antiinflammatory,
antioxidant and antibacterial effects. The pharmacologically active components are
differentially distributed in different parts of P. hydropiper. Leaf loss commonly occurs during the
processing of medicinal and edible products.

Methods:
In the present study, the total flavonoid content and DPPH antioxidant activity of the stems
and leaves of P. hydropiper were compared and analyzed. A method for determining the content of
six antioxidant-active components in P. hydropiper stems and leaves was established based on highperformance
liquid chromatography. Simultaneously, the contents of volatile compounds in stems
and leaves were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the compositional
differences between stem and leaf extracts of P. hydropiper were analyzed.
This study aims to develop and validate an analytical method based on combined HPLC and GC-MS
analysis of the constituents of P. hydropiper, and to compare the differences in constituents in different
tissues of P. hydropiper using the method.

objective:
Explore the differences in pharmacodynamic components and content of different tissue sites, and clarify the site of concentration of pharmacodynamic substances.

Results:
The average total flavonoid content in the leaves of the eight batches of P. hydropiper was
0.4 mg/mL, while the average total flavonoid content in the stems was 0.3 mg/mL. The average
DPPH scavenging rate of the leaves in the eight batches of P. hydropiper was 99.35%, while the
average DPPH scavenging rate of the stems was 98.88%. According to the results of the HPLC assay,
the content of flavonoids is significantly higher in leaves than in stems. Kaempferol was not
detected in stem samples from various batches. The highest percentage of terpenoids was found in
the leaves by GC-MS assay.

Conclusion:
The medicinal components were concentrated in the leaves of P. hydropiper, which
could contribute to cost savings, increase production efficiency, and promote the development of the
P. hydropiper industry.
Ciprofloxacin’s Structure Causing Fluoride-Related Toxicity: A Case Report
Authors: Silva Bidu Nadielle , Trinchão Costa Silvana , David Couto Ricardo , Jose Dumêt Fernandes Bruno 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used in clinical
practice with a fluorine atom in its chemical structure. Like other antibiotics, it can induce several
adverse effects, such as tendinopathy, musculoskeletal toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, and
cardiotoxicity, thereby causing relevant and irreversible health injuries. Ciprofloxacin fluoride's
adverse toxicological effect associated with a urinary fluoride concentration above the reference
value has not yet been reported.

Objective:
This case report aimed to provide evidence of ciprofloxacin treatment intoxication, an
antibiotic containing a fluorine atom in its chemical structure, associated with a fluoride urine
concentration above the reference value.

Case Presentation:
A 32-year-old man developed tendinopathy and peripheral neuropathy on
the third day’s night after initiating the ciprofloxacin doses, exhibiting symptoms comparable to
a low-power electrical discharge and very intense motor agitation. After following habitual laboratory
exams, a urinary fluoride measurement was performed by an ion-selective electrode.
The urinary fluoride concentration was above the reference values in mg/g of creatinine.

Conclusion:
This is the first study that has described an association among ciprofloxacinfluoride,
tendinopathies, and peripheral neuropathy. The patient's symptomatology has suggested
a toxic effect related to fluoride. We consider the documented finding of a fluorine atom at the
ciprofloxacin structure and its toxic potential neuropathies and tendinopathies as an issue of
alert.
Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis Mechanism and Biomarkers
Authors: Arya Ashwani , Dhall Manish , Mittal Vineet , Kaushik Deepak , Mudgal Priya , Kumar Tarun , Pandey Manisha , Kadian Renu , Sharma Prerna , Rani Nidhi , Singh Thakur Gurjeet 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unceasing, demyelinating, idiopathic inflammatory, and
neurodegenerative disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS.) The disease is characterized by
the occurrence of neurological symptoms over a period of days to weeks, abide by partial or absolute
diminutions of various durations.
In this review, a concise outline on disease activity and progression of MS, pathogenesis with the
special prominence on the biomarkers for the MS as therapeutic targets has been discussed by carrying
out a comprehensive literature survey employing chief websites and search engines for investigation.
Cortical inflammation, neurodegeneration, demyelination, axonal injury, axonal loss,
oligodendrocytes, mitochondrial dysfunction, microglia activation, oxidative and nitrosative stress
are the pathological hallmarks of the MS. CNS neurofilaments, chitinase and chitinase 3-like proteins,
soluble circulating form (sCD163), Chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), immunoglobulin M,
MicroRNA (miRNA) and messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),
serum osteopontin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2 α), apo-Lipoprotein E and myelinreactive
T cells are some of the therapeutically valuable biomarkers for such multifarious disorder.
MS is one of the chronic neurodegenerative diseases with undefined etiology. The study of the
pathophysiology of the disease and the involvement of certain biomarkers can help identify new
targets for therapeutic intercession, identify individuals at risk of developing the disease later in
life, and allow more effective treatment of progressive diseases such as MS.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Fenugreek on the Quantity of Breast Milk and the Level of Prolactin in Mothers of Preterm Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Rouhi Mahsa , Hossieni Mohammad Bagher , Khodaie Laleh , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Breast milk is the preferred source of nutrition for premature infants.
Galactagogues are used in initiation, induction, and maintenance of lactation. This study examined
the effectiveness of fenugreek on prolactin levels and milk volume (primary outcomes), neonatal
weight gain, breastfeeding satisfaction, and side effects (secondary outcomes).

Methods:
This triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 68 mothers with preterm
newborns less than 32 weeks in Al-Zahra and Taleghani hospitals in Tabriz-Iran. Participants
were randomly allocated into fenugreek and placebo groups. About 500 mg of fenugreek and
placebo capsules were administered to the participants three times a day, from the fifth day after
delivery to the 14th day. Breast milk volume was measured on the fourth day after delivery (one
day before the intervention), the seventh day, and the fifteenth day after the intervention. Prolactin
levels were measured in the morning before and after the intervention.

Results:
On the seventh day of the intervention, milk volume was significantly higher in the fenugreek
group than in the placebo group (p =0.017). Nevertheless, no statistically significant difference
was observed between groups in milk volume (p =0.073) and prolactin level (p =0.324) on
day 15. Moreover, no statistically significant difference was observed between groups regarding
newborn weight after intervention (p =0.172) or satisfaction with breastfeeding (p =0.484). None
of the participants reported any side effects.

Conclusions:
Fenugreek increases milk volume but has no significant effect on prolactin levels.
Further trials with larger sample sizes should be performed to obtain conclusive results.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:
IRCT20120718010324N62.
Forty-one Cytokine Profile and Interferon-I Score in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Case Series Study
Authors: Raupov Rinat K. , Suspitsin Evgeny N. , Sorokina Lubov S. , Zaikova Ekaterina K. , Kalinina Olga V. , Kostik Mikhail M. 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
To analyze a broad spectrum of cytokine in the serum of patients with JDM.

Background:
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common subtype of idiopathic inflammatory
myopathies characterized by muscle and skin involvement. The etiology of JDM is unclear.
A variety of cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of JDM. Interferons, galectin-9, CLCX10,
and neopterin are the most promising biomarkers.

Objective:
This study describes the associations between clinical symptoms, cytokine, and interferon
profiles in children with JDM.

Materials and Methods:
Ten patients (6 girls and 4 boys) with JDM were included in the study.
The clinical symptoms, disease activity (CMAS, CAT), laboratory parameters, and treatment were
assessed. Forty-one cytokines levels and IFN-I scores in the serum were measured. The levels of
cytokines were compared with a group of healthy controls (n=25).

Results:
Significant differences were observed in 21 of 41 analyzed cytokines between JDM patients
and healthy controls. Patients with active disease (n=8) have higher levels of fractalkine (p
= 0.036), IFNa (p = 0.037), IFNg (p = 0.037), GRO (p = 0.037), IL-10 (p = 0.037), IL-12p40 (p =
0.037), IL-12p70 (p = 0.048), IL-17a (p = 0.048), IL-1RA (p = 0.037), IL-1a (p = 0.037), compared
to patients with inactive disease (n=2). A strong positive association was found between
aCAT activity and eotaxin (r=0.753, p =0.012), GRO (r=0.735, p =0.015), IP-10 (r=0.805, p
=0.005), and MCP-1 (r=0.734, p =0.016). A strong negative correlation association was observed
between CMAS and eotaxin (r= -0.714, p =0.020), GRO (r= -0.727, p =0.017), IL-10 (r= -0.786, p
=0.007), IP-10 (r= - 0.719, p =0.019), and MCP-1 (r= -0.800, p =0.005). IFN-I scores showed a
positive correlation with IFNa (r=0.790, p =0.007), GRO (r=0.736, p =0.015) and IL-1RA
(r=0.930, p <0.001).

Conclusion:
Among the spectrum of 41 cytokines, GRO, eotaxin, IP-10, and MCP-1 have shown
the strongest association with JDM activity.