bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO, ORDENAMENTO DO TERRITÓRIO E CRIMINALIDADE: o caso da cidade da Praia, Cabo-Verde
Authors: Correia Gilson Bento , Tavares Carlos 
Published: October 2016

O artigo aborda uma discussão sobre a produção do espaço, ordenamento do território e criminalidade na cidade da Praia com base nas análises tendo como referência os conceitos do espaço e território. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a forma como o espaço da cidade da Praia é produzido, ordenado e como isso pode influenciar na prática dos crimes. Os resultados obtidos mostram que diferentes atores produzem ações no espaço urbano da cidade de acordo com as relações do poder, e a maioria dessas ações realizadas no espaço da cidade da Praia não estabelece uma norma no ordenamento do território, principalmente nas áreas urbanas informais/espontâneas, tornando um fator preponderante na prática de alguns crimes.
Palavras-chave: Produção do Espaço; Ordenamento do Território; Criminalidade; Cidade da Praia.

SPACE PRODUCTION, SPATIAL PLANNING AND CRIMINALITY: the case of Praia city, Cape Verde
Abstract
The article discusses a discussion of the production of space, regional planning and crime in Praia city based on the analysis by reference to the concepts of space and territory. The study aims to examine how the Praia City space is produced, ordered and how it can influence the practice of crimes. The results show that different actors produce actions in the urban space of the city according to the power of relationships, and most of these actions taken on Praia city space does not establish a standard in spatial planning, especially in informal / spontaneous urban areas making a major factor in the commission of certain crimes.
Keywords: Space Production; Spatial Planning; Criminality; Praia City.

PRODUCCIÓN DEL ESPACIO, ORDENAMIENTO DEL TERRITORIO Y CRIMINALIDAD: EL CASO DE CIUDAD DE PRAIA - CABO VERDE
Resumen
El artículo aborda la discusión sobre la producción de espacio, ordenamiento del territorio y criminalidad en la ciudad de Praia con base en los análisis teniendo como referencia los conceptos de espacio y territorio. El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la forma como el espacio de la ciudad de Praia es producido, ordenado y como eso puede influenciar en la práctica de los crímenes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que diferentes actores producen acciones en el espacio urbano de la ciudad de acuerdo con las relaciones de poder, y la mayoría de esas acciones realizadas en el espacio de la ciudad de Praia no establecen una norma en el ordenamiento del territorio, principalmente en las áreas urbanas informales/espontaneas, convirtiéndose en un factor preponderante en la práctica de algunos crímenes.
Palabras-clave: Producción del Espacio; Ordenamiento del Territorio; Criminalidad; Ciudad de Praia.
O IHGB E A NOÇÃO TROPICAL DO BRASIL: a busca pelos “Alegres Trópicos”
Authors: Barbato Luis Fernando Tosta 
Published: October 2016

O que pretendemos neste artigo é mostrar como os trópicos foram tratados pelos membros do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro de maneira a configurarem como elemento positivo, e assim, integrar-se como uma das bases da construção da identidade nacional brasileira. A partir da análise dos artigos publicados nas revistas do IHGB do século XIX, poderemos observar como o clima tropical, mesmo sendo objeto de detração na Europa, foi ressaltado como elemento capaz de despertar o orgulho nacional brasileiro.
Palavras-chave: Clima Tropical; IHGB; Historiografia.

THE IHGB AND TROPICAL NOTION OF BRAZIL: the search for the "Alegres Trópicos"
Abstract
Our intention in this article is to show how the tropics have been treated by members of the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro in order to be configured as a positive element, and thus be integrated as one of the bases of the construction of Brazilian national identity. From the analysis of articles published in journals from IHGB the nineteenth century, we can observe how the tropical climate, even though detraction object in Europe, was highlighted as an element capable of awakening the Brazilian national pride.
Keywords: Tropical Climate; IHGB; Historiography.

EL IHGB Y LA NOCIÓN TROPICAL DE BRASIL: la búsqueda por los "Alegres Trópicos"
Resumen
Nuestra intención en este artículo es mostrar cómo los trópicos han sido tratados por los miembros del Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, con el fin de ser tratado como un elemento positivo, y por lo tanto, ser integrado como una de las bases de la construcción de la identidad nacional brasileña. A partir del análisis de los artículos publicados en las revistas del IHGB el siglo XIX, podemos observar cómo el clima tropical, a pesar de la detracción en Europa, se destacó como un elemento capaz de despertar el orgullo nacional brasileño.
Palabras-clave: Clima Tropical; IHGB; Historiografía.
Avaliação das características clínicas, morfométricas e do perfil bioquímico de cordeiros tratados com rBST (Somatotropina Bovina Recombinante)
Authors: Sant’ana Valéria Caobianco , Santos Robson Oliveira dos , Rodrigues Edson , Dambit Tamiris Franke , Ferreira Márcio Augusto 
Published: October 2016

Somatotropin is a proteinic hormone known for countless effects in the general metabolism of the body, as the increase in the soft and osseous tissues and the stimulus to the production of milk. For the present study 47 lambs of the breed “Santa Inês” were used. They were from the same place and were divided into two groups: one treatment-group (n = 27), which was treated with two applications of 250 mg of rBST (Boostin®), via subcutaneous in the ischium-retal region. The average age were 35 to 41 days old (M1) and 55 and 61 days old (M2). The control-group (n = 20) received injections of physiological solution in suitable content. Clinical, morphometric, weight and biochemical evaluations were performed before the treatment and fortnightly. According to the results observed it was possible to conclude that the treatment has not influenced the gaining of weight of the animals, not even the measure used in morphometry. The usage of rBST has not caused any side effect in the health of the lambs or any alteration in the place of the application. The biochemical profile of the animals has not suffered any changes that could be connected to the treatment
Ungulate movement in an extreme seasonal environment: year‐round movement patterns of high‐arctic muskoxen
Authors: Schmidt Niels M. , van Beest Floris M. , Mosbacher Jesper B. , Stelvig Mikkel , Hansen Lars H. , Nabe‐Nielsen Jacob , Gr⊘ndahl Carsten 
Published: October 2016

Detailed knowledge on movement behaviour of free‐ranging muskoxen Ovibos moschatus is currently lacking. Quantifying variation in individual movement and the variables driving such patterns is important to understand how they meet their basic requirements and to inform management. Because muskoxen exist in nutrient‐poor systems with extreme climatic and seasonal variability, individual movement patterns are expected to be largely dependent on environmental conditions and the seasonal variation therein. We analysed high‐resolution location data of 14 adult female muskoxen roaming around Zackenberg in northeast Greenland (74°28′N, 20°34′W). We assessed the relative importance (Akaike variable weights) of multiple extrinsic conditions in explaining variation in hourly speed, turning angles, and activity. We found that time of day, ambient temperature, and land cover types were the most important covariates explaining variation in fine‐scale movement and activity patterns throughout the year. Movement speeds were consistently lower in land cover types with more dense vegetation. Speed of movement was positively correlated with ambient temperature when the days were long, while negatively related with temperature in periods with few or no hours of daylight. Diurnal peaks in movement and activity patterns were observed most of the year (including mid‐winter months with 24‐h darkness), except during high‐summer (24‐h of daylight), when individual movement and activity remained continuously high. The topographic variation (elevation and slope) explained only a small part of the variation in muskox movement patterns in the areas where the muskoxen were observed. Analyses of displacement patterns revealed a mixture of movement behaviours. We conclude that muskoxen in high‐arctic Greenland adopt a largely nomadic movement behaviour, but do so within a rather small geographical area (app. 5000 km2), and that their movement and activity patterns are largely directed at finding suitable foraging patches and avoiding cold‐stress during harsh winter weather.
Nesting success of the oriental magpie robin Copsychus saularis in nest boxes and tree cavities
Authors: Singh Amar , Bhatt Dinesh , Sethi Vinaya Kumar , Dadwal Navjeevan 
Published: October 2016

Information on the nesting success of birds in the Indian subcontinent is almost negligible. In the present study factors affecting nesting success were studied over four years (i.e. 2011–2014) in a color ringed population of the oriental magpie robin (OMR) in an urban habitat of Haridwar district (29°55′N, 78°08′E), Uttarakhand, India. Objectives of our study were 1) to assess whether nest box affects nesting success in the OMR or not 2) to compare breeding data obtained from nest boxes with tree cavities.Out of total 114 nests built in both nest boxes and tree cavities, 80 nests were successful in producing at least one fledgling resulting 69.25% nesting success. Nesting success did not differ significantly between nest boxes and tree cavities or during different years. No correlation was found between territory size and nesting success (correlation coefficient = 0.41). Observations indicated that predation accounted for the maximum egg loss and nestling mortality. Predation rate was higher in tree cavities but did not differ significantly during different years and between nest boxes and tree cavities. In all years but 2011 clutch size was significantly higher in nest boxes than in tree cavities. However, incubation period, provisioning period, number of eggs hatched and number of young fledged did not differ significantly between nest boxes and tree cavities. When provided, nest boxes were occupied more frequently at all study sites indicating that nest box may act as an alternative nesting site for the OMR and perhaps for other secondary cavity nesters facing scarcity of nesting sites due to rapid urbanization.
Engaged anthropology in the time of late liberalism
Authors: Chatterjee Moyukh 
Published: October 2016

Cody, Francis. 2013. The light of knowledge: Literacy activism and the politics of writing in South India. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Middleton, Townsend. 2015. The demands of recognition: State anthropology and ethnopolitics in Darjeeling. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Reoperative endoscopic endonasal surgery for residual or recurrent pituitary adenomas
Authors: Negm Hazem M. , Al-Mahfoudh Rafid , Pai Manish , Singh Harminder , Cohen Salomon , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVERegrowth of the lesion after surgical removal of pituitary adenomas is uncommon unless subtotal resection was originally achieved in the first surgery. Treatment for recurrent tumor can involve surgery or radiotherapy. Locations of residual tumor may vary based on the original approach. The authors evaluated the specific sites of residual or recurrent tumor after different transsphenoidal approaches and describe the surgical outcome of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal reoperation.METHODSThe authors analyzed a prospectively collected database of a consecutive series of patients who had undergone endoscopic endonasal surgeries for residual or recurrent pituitary adenomas after an original transsphenoidal microscopic or endoscopic surgery. The site of the recurrent tumor and outcome after reoperation were noted and correlated with the primary surgical approach. The chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to compare categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare continuous variables between surgical groups.RESULTSForty-one patients underwent surgery for residual/recurrent pituitary adenoma from 2004 to 2015 at Weill Cornell Medical College. The previous treatment was a transsphenoidal microscopic (n = 22) and endoscopic endonasal (n = 19) surgery. In 83.3% patients (n = 30/36) there was postoperative residual tumor after the initial surgery. A residual tumor following endonasal endoscopic surgery was less common in the sphenoid sinus (10.5%; 2/19) than it was after microscopic transsphenoidal surgery (72.7%; n =16/22; p = 0.004). Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 58.5%, and either GTR or near-total resection was achieved in 92.7%. Across all cases, the average extent of resection was 93.7%. The rate of GTR was lower in patients with Knosp-Steiner Grade 3–4 invasion (p < 0.0005). Postoperative CSF leak was seen in only one case (2.4%), which stopped with lumbar drainage. Visual fields improved in 52.9% (n = 9/17) of patients and were stable in 47% (n = 8/17). Endocrine remission was achieved in 77.8% (n = 14/18) of cases, 12 by surgery alone and 2 by adjuvant medical (n = 1) and radiation (n = 1) therapy. New diabetes insipidus occurred in 4.9% (n = 2/41) of patients—in one of whom an additional single anterior hormonal axis was compromised—and 9.7% (n = 4/41) of patients had a new anterior pituitary hormonal insufficiency.CONCLUSIONSEndonasal endoscopic reoperation is extremely effective at removing recurrent or residual pituitary adenomas that remain after a prior surgery, and it may be preferable to radiation therapy particularly in symptomatic patients. Achievement of GTR is less common when lateral cavernous sinus invasion is present. The locations of residual/recurrent tumor were more likely sphenoidal and parasellar following a prior microscopic transsphenoidal surgery and sellar following a prior endonasal endoscopic surgery.
Safety and efficacy of the Pipeline embolization device for treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a pooled analysis of 3 large studies
Authors: Kallmes David F. , Brinjikji Waleed , Cekirge Saruhan , Fiorella David , Hanel Ricardo A. , Jabbour Pascal , Lopes Demetrius , Lylyk Pedro , McDougall Cameron G. , Siddiqui Adnan 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVEThe authors performed a pooled analysis of 3 studies—IntrePED (International Retrospective Study of the Pipeline Embolization Device), PUFS (Pipeline for Uncoilable or Failed Aneurysms Study), and ASPIRe (Aneurysm Study of Pipeline in an Observational Registry)—in order to assess angiographic outcomes and clinical safety of the Pipeline embolization device (PED).METHODSIntrePED was a retrospective study, while PUFS and ASPIRe were prospective studies. For each patient included in these studies, the authors collected baseline demographic data, aneurysm characteristics, and procedural details. The primary outcomes for this combined analysis were clinical outcomes, including neurological morbidity and mortality and major ipsilateral intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. The secondary outcomes were angiographic occlusion rates, which were available for ASPIRe and PUFS only.RESULTSA total of 1092 patients with 1221 aneurysms were included across the 3 studies. The mean aneurysm size was 12.0 ± 7.8 mm and the mean neck size was 6.6 ± 4.8 mm. The major ipsilateral ischemic stroke rate was 3.7% (40/1091). The major ipsilateral intracranial hemorrhage rate was 2.0% (22/1091). The major neurological morbidity rate was 5.7% (62/1091). The neurological mortality rate was 3.3% (36/1091). The combined major morbidity and neurological mortality rate was 7.1% (78/1091). The complete occlusion rates were 75.0% at 180 days (111/148) and 85.5% at 1 year (94/110). The overall aneurysm retreatment rate was 3.0% (33/1091) at a mean follow-up time of 10.2 ± 10.8 months.CONCLUSIONSEndovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the PED is safe and effective. Angiographic occlusion rates progressed with follow-up. Rates of stroke, hemorrhage, morbidity and mortality, and retreatment were low, especially given the fact that the aneurysms treated were generally large and wide necked.
Endoscopic endonasal medial-to-lateral and transorbital lateral-to-medial optic nerve decompression: an anatomical study with surgical implications
Authors: Di Somma Alberto , Cavallo Luigi Maria , de Notaris Matteo , Solari Domenico , Topczewski Thomaz E. , Bernal-Sprekelsen Manuel , Enseñat Joaquim , Prats-Galino Alberto , Cappabianca Paolo 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVEDifferent surgical routes have been used over the years to achieve adequate decompression of the optic nerve in its canal including, more recently, endoscopic approaches performed either through the endonasal corridor or the transorbital one. The present study aimed to detail and quantify the amount of bone removal around the optic canal, achievable via medial-to-lateral endonasal and lateral-to-medial transorbital endoscopic trajectories.METHODSFive human cadaveric heads (10 sides) were dissected at the Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy of the University of Barcelona (Spain). The laboratory rehearsals were run as follows: 1) preliminary preoperative CT scans of each specimen, 2) anatomical endoscopic endonasal and transorbital dissections and Dextroscope-based morphometric analysis, and 3) quantitative analysis of optic canal bone removal for both endonasal and transorbital endoscopic approaches.RESULTSThe endoscopic endonasal route permitted exposure and removal of the most inferomedial portion of the optic canal (an average of 168°), whereas the transorbital pathway allowed good control of its superolateral part (an average of 192°). Considering the total circumference of the optic canal (360°), the transorbital route enabled removal of a mean of 53.3% of bone, mainly the superolateral portion. The endonasal approach provided bone removal of a mean of 46.7% of the inferomedial aspect. This result was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis performed with the aid of the Dextroscope (a virtual reality environment) showed that the simulation of the transorbital trajectory may provide a shorter surgical corridor with a wider angle of approach (39.6 mm; 46.8°) compared with the simulation of the endonasal pathway (52.9 mm; 23.8°).CONCLUSIONSUsed together, these 2 endoscopic surgical paths (endonasal and transorbital) may allow a 360° decompression of the optic nerve. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first anatomical study on transorbital optic nerve decompression to show its feasibility. Further studies and, eventually, surgical case series are mandatory to confirm the effectiveness of these approaches, thereby refining the proper indications for each of them.
Tonsillobiventral fissure approach to the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle
Authors: Tayebi Meybodi Ali , Lawton Michael T. , Tabani Halima , Benet Arnau 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVESurgical access to the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle (LR) is suboptimal with existing transvermian and telovelar approaches because of limited lateral exposure, significant retraction of the cerebellar tonsil, and steep trajectories near brainstem perforator arteries. The goal in this study was to assess surgical exposure of the tonsillobiventral fissure approach to the LR, and to describe the relevant anatomy.METHODSTwo formaldehyde-fixed cerebella were used to study the anatomical relationships of the LR. Also, the tonsillobiventral fissure approach was simulated in 8 specimens through a lateral suboccipital craniotomy.RESULTSThe pattern of the cerebellar folia and the cortical branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery were key landmarks to identifying the tonsillobiventral fissure. Splitting the tonsillobiventral fissure allowed a direct and safe surgical trajectory to the LR and into the cerebellopontine cistern. The proposed approach reduces cervical flexion and optimizes the surgical angle of attack.CONCLUSIONSThe tonsillobiventral fissure approach is a feasible and effective option for exposing the LR. This approach has more favorable trajectories and positions for the patient and the surgeon, and it should be added to the armamentarium for lesions in this location.
DENSITY-MAGNETIC FIELD CORRELATION IN MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVING SCHEMES WITH DIFFERENT CORRELATION TIMES
Authors: Yoon Heesun , Cho Jungyeon , Kim Jongsoo 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Turbulent motions naturally produce density and magnetic-field fluctuations. Correlation between the two fluctuations is important for interpretation of observations, such as observations of the rotation measure (RM). In this paper, we study the effect of driving schemes on the density-magnetic-field correlation. In particular, we numerically investigate how the correlation time of driving affects the correlation between density and magnetic field. We perform compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence simulations at different sonic Mach numbers (M

s
), using two different driving schemes—a finite-correlated driving and a delta-correlated driving. In the former, the forcing vectors change continuously with a correlation time comparable to the large-eddy turnover time. In the latter, the direction (and amplitude) of driving changes in a very short timescale. The finite-correlated driving results in strong anti-correlation between two fields when the sonic and the Alfvénic Mach numbers are similar to unity (i.e., when M

s
∼ 1 and M
A ∼ 1, respectively). However, the anti-correlation becomes weaker and approaches zero for higher values of M

s
or M
A. The delta-correlated driving produces virtually no correlation between two fields when M

s
∼ 1 and M
A ∼ 1, and produces more and more positive correlations as M

s
or M
A increases. We conjecture that two competing effects, tendency for achieving balance between the gas and the magnetic pressure and simultaneous compression of fluid and magnetic field, determine the correlation behavior. We also investigate how different driving schemes affect the Probability Density Function of three-dimensional density, dispersion measure, and RM.
NEW SUNS IN THE COSMOS. III. MULTIFRACTAL SIGNATURE ANALYSIS
Authors: Freitas D. B. de , Nepomuceno M. M. F. , Junior P. R. V. de Moraes , Lopes C. E. F. , Chagas M. L. Das , Bravo J. P. , Costa A. D. , Martins B. L. Canto , Medeiros J. R. De , Leão I. C. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
In the present paper, we investigate the multifractality signatures in hourly time series extracted from the CoRoTspacecraft database. Our analysis is intended to highlight the possibility that astrophysical time series can be members of a particular class of complex and dynamic processes, which require several photometric variability diagnostics to characterize their structural and topological properties. To achieve this goal, we search for contributions due to a nonlinear temporal correlation and effects caused by heavier tails than the Gaussian distribution, using a detrending moving average algorithm for one-dimensional multifractal signals (MFDMA). We observe that the correlation structure is the main source of multifractality, while heavy-tailed distribution plays a minor role in generating the multifractal effects. Our work also reveals that the rotation period of stars is inherently scaled by the degree of multifractality. As a result, analyzing the multifractal degree of the referred series, we uncover an evolution of multifractality from shorter to larger periods.