bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of E-cigarettes Compared to Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation Among Medicaid Users in California
Authors: Chen Angela W , Fishman Paul A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and disability in the United States. A 2019 randomized controlled trial found e-cigarettes are more effective than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in achieving abstinence when both are combined with behavioral counseling. Few cost-effectiveness studies have been performed regarding e-cigarettes as an adjunct to cessation efforts, and none in a U.S. context. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of e-cigarettes compared to NRT, both with counseling, and as cessation aids for Medicaid smokers in California.

Aims and Methods
A cost-effectiveness analysis from a U.S. societal perspective comparing e-cigarettes with NRT was constructed. Using a lifetime horizon, smokers were followed to different health states to their expected lifespan. Costs were expressed in 2020 U.S. dollars and health outcomes in quality-adjusted life years (QALY). All costs and outcomes were discounted at a 3% annual rate and model findings were assessed with a series of sensitivity analyses.

Results
Using U.S. willingness-to-pay thresholds, e-cigarettes were more cost-effective than NRT, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $11 454 per additional QALY gained over smokers’ lifetimes. Results were sensitive to smokers’ healthcare costs, model start ages, discount rates, and QALY weights.

Conclusions
E-cigarettes used as a cessation treatment by smokers are more cost-effective relative to NRT. However, e-cigarettes as a treatment are currently unapproved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Despite the lack of FDA approval, e-cigarettes are a popular choice among smokers trying to quit. Policymakers should consider whether providing financial support for e-cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy is worth pursuing.

Implications
As e-cigarettes grow in popularity and are an increasingly preferred choice of smoking cessation aid among smokers attempting to quit, it is important to examine the inclusion of these products in tobacco policy, research, and practice. Several countries have now adopted or are in the process of adopting e-cigarettes as a medically licensed and regulated smoking cessation aid. Future smoking cessation strategies by U.S. policymakers may consider the adoption of e-cigarettes as a cost-effective harm reduction tool for use by current smokers seeking to quit.
The Therapeutic Potential of Theobromine in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Tuğal Aslan Dilem , Göktaş Zeynep 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Obesity, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, is a significant health concern. Phytochemicals found in plants are being explored for therapeutic use, particularly in combating obesity. Among these, theobromine, commonly found in cocoa and chocolate, shows promise. Although not as extensively studied as caffeine, theobromine exhibits positive effects on human health. It improves lipid profiles, aids in asthma treatment, lowers blood pressure, regulates gut microbiota, reduces tumor formation, moderates blood glucose levels, and acts as a neuroprotective agent. Studies demonstrate its anti-obesity effects through mechanisms such as browning of white adipose tissue, activation of brown adipose tissue, anti-inflammatory properties, and reduction of oxidative stress. This study aims to suggest theobromine as a potential therapeutic agent against obesity-related complications.
Early follow-up of outpatients with oral anticancer therapy in the ONCORAL multidisciplinary community-hospital program
Authors: Lattard Claire , Herledan Chloé , Reverdy Thibaut , Antherieu Gabriel , Caffin Anne-Gaelle , Cerfon Marie-Anne , Maire Magali , Rivat Marine , France Stéphanie , Ghesquières Hervé , You Benoit , Freyer Gilles , Ranchon Florence , Rioufol Catherine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Healthcare professionals are faced with the new challenges of preventing and managing drug-related problems (DRPs) with oral anticancer therapy (OAT): side-effects, drug–drug interactions (DDIs), non-adherence, or medication errors. This study aims to assess the impact of ONCORAL, a real-life multidisciplinary care plan for cancer patients based on community and hospital follow-up, for the first OAT cycle.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted between October 1, 2021 and October 1, 2022 including all outpatients starting OAT treatment. During the first OAT cycle, the program consists of 6 weekly scheduled face-to-face or phone consultations to prevent and manage DRPs. Nurse and pharmacist interventions (NPIs) are realized to optimize treatments (primary outcomes). Secondary outcomes included the relative dose intensity (RDI) of the first cycle.

Results
A total of 562 NPIs were performed by the ONCORAL team: that is, 87.1% of the 209 patients included, for a mean of 3.1 ± 2.2 NPIs/patient. NPIs-concerned DRPs detected by the nurse and pharmacist (346, 61.6%), symptoms and/or adverse effects reported as PROs by the patient or family (138, 24.6%), or pathway issues (78, 13.9%). Seventy-three DDIs were detected and managed during medication review, in a quarter of patients (n = 54/209), leading to the discontinuation of a daily concomitant medication in 30 cases. The mean RDI at the end of the first cycle, calculated for 209 patients, was 83.1 ± 23.9% (17.56-144.23).

Conclusion
In these ambulatory cancer patients, the interest in tailored monitoring of DRPs as a whole, including the prevention and management of drug interactions in addition to symptoms and adverse effects, is highlighted.
From diagnosis to survivorship addressing the sexuality of women during cancer
Authors: Kaufman Rebekah , Agrawal Laila , Teplinsky Eleonora , Kiel Lauren , Abioye Oyepeju , Florez Narjust 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For women diagnosed with cancer, side effects affecting their sexuality are extremely common and can be distressing and life-changing; however, most women are left in the dark without any guidance from their oncology teams regarding possible side effects and treatment options. American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical guidelines provide guidance on the recommended assessments related to the domains of sexual function and their respective interventions. Despite the existence of these guidelines, the reality is that only a few women with cancer are asked about sexual concerns that result from cancer treatments. Common barriers to sexuality discussion reported by oncology providers include a lack of qualification and knowledge, not having a place to refer patients, and not knowing how to start the conversation. Social media remains a widely untapped resource regarding sexuality and cancer interventions, as people are increasingly turning to social media for health information and advice. This may be especially relevant for sexuality, as oncologists may not feel comfortable or well-trained to discuss the topic, and patients may be reluctant to bring up sexual concerns during their visits. Social media can play a critical role in studying sexual health and in sexuality interventions, particularly in adolescent and young adult patients with cancer. Here, we discuss the lack of inclusion regarding sexuality in oncology, the rates of sexual dysfunction in patients with cancer, treatment options for common sexual concerns, how to utilize the reach of various social media channels, and provide patient and provider resources.
Recruitment of informal caregivers into community oncology research studies: results from the 2022 Landscape Assessment
Authors: Wang Ying , Nightingale Chandylen L , Braun-Inglis Christa , Sterba Katherine , Weaver Kathryn E , Wood Eden , Kadambi Sindhuja , Gada Umang , Montes Alexander , Magnuson Allison , Yilmaz Sule , Culakova Eva , Strause Sarah , Kamen Charles , Flannery Marie , Mustian Karen , Morrow Gary , Mohile Supriya , Loh Kah Poh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding the experiences of community oncology practices in recruiting informal (unpaid/family) caregivers into research studies can inform strategies to improve caregiver enrollment. We used data from the 2022 National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) Landscape Assessment to describe the experience of recruiting informal caregivers for research studies in community oncology practices. Among 258 practice groups, only one-third (30%, 78/258) reported prior experience recruiting informal caregivers for research studies. In multivariable logistic analyses, having a greater number of oncology providers (increase per 10 providers, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.31) and having advanced practice providers (APPs) involved in research (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.05-4.48) were significantly associated with prior experience recruiting caregivers. In conclusion, many community oncology practices lack caregiver recruitment experience and may benefit from education, integration of APPs/caregiver stakeholders in research infrastructure, and/or other strategies to improve caregiver recruitment.
The asymmetric power model 20 years on
Authors: Marsh David , Richards David , Smith Martin J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It is over 20 years since the publication of the Asymmetric Power Model (APM). In the ensuing period, Britain has faced multiple challenges: the increasing fragmentation of public services; austerity politics; devolution; and, most recently, coronavirus disease and Brexit. It is this backdrop which provides the context to this article. First, it addresses how the literature has subsequently evolved. It then examines what has changed over the last two decades while also emphasizing what remains the same. Here, we highlight issues regarding both increased inequality and instability, focusing particularly on tension emerging from a de-centralizing-recentralizing approach to governance. The article concludes by offering a revised APM as a means of understanding British politics moving forward.
Inter-Urban Alliances and the Archives of Legitimacy in the Southern Low Countries, 1250–1450
Authors: Makleff Ron Mordechai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
By the thirteenth century, confederations of communes in western Europe were claiming important legal, political and military prerogatives for themselves in written charters of inter-urban alliance. Scholars have seen these alliances as a tool of the emerging economic elite or as forces of resistance to the sovereign territorial state taking shape in the late Middle Ages. To understand alternatives to princely polity formation in the wealthy, urbanized regions of Brabant, Flanders and Liège, however, this article studies urban alliances as a power in their own right by examining how new documentary practices contributed to older traditions of inter-urban collaboration. Towns and their coalitions created and distributed bilateral, multilateral and hybrid or concentric charters of alliance and kept them in their own archives, which they saw as repositories of legal security and authority. Meanwhile, archivists, chancellors and other technicians of legitimacy helped princes to consolidate legal superiority over their supposedly subject towns by spearheading the confiscation and destruction of communal archives, in particular their charters of alliance. They thus obscured the scale of inter-urban solidarity: this article reports fifty-eight unique alliances preserved in over 200 charters between 1219 and 1444 across these three regions.
Enhancement of Sesquiterpenoid Production by Methyl Jasmonate in Atractylodes chinensis Adventitious Root Culture and its Transcriptional Regulation
Authors: Yun Cholil , Pak Solme , Pang Yulin , Phyon Jong Min , Yao Liuyang , Guo Xiaorui , Kim Cholung , Ma Songsu , Ri Tongchol , Pak Ryongho , Wang Huimei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) culture of Atractylodes chinensis is an efficient platform for sustainable production of its sesquiterpenoid compounds (atractylon and β-eudesmol). However, their limited accumulation levels need an effective elicitation approach, and the present study solved this problem using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as an elicitor. The effects of its treatment concentration and duration on metabolite production were investigated. The ARs treated with 100 µM MeJA for 7 d increased atractylon and β-eudesmol by 3.64- and 1.90-fold, respectively, compared with the control. We further performed transcriptome analysis to explore the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the MeJA elicitation. A total of 124,464 unigenes were identified in A. chinensis ARs, of which 3,568 genes were upregulated and 3,864 genes were downregulated with the MeJA treatment. The MeJA treatment activated the endogenous jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling pathways and sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. In addition, MeJA treatment more significantly activated genes of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway than of the mevalonate pathway. In addition, 14 genes encoding terpene synthase were identified to be significantly upregulated. A total of 2,700 transcription factors (TFs) were identified in A. chinensis ARs, of which Tify, MYB and MADS were significantly enriched under the MeJA treatment. We predicted a new antagonistic interaction between MYC2 and CPP TFs, which was significantly regulated by the MeJA treatment. The results of real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme activity assays proved the reliability of the transcriptome data. This study will help improve the in vitro production system of A. chinensis sesquiterpenoids and understand the transcriptional regulation mechanism of MeJA elicitation.
Highly Sensitive Strigolactone Perception by a Divergent Clade KAI2 Receptor in a Facultative Root Parasitic Plant, Phtheirospermum japonicum
Authors: Takei Saori , Otani Masahiko , Ishikawa Tomoya , Suzuki Taiki , Okabe Shoma , Nishiyama Kotaro , Kawakami Naoto , Seto Yoshiya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phtheirospermum japonicum, a member of the Orobanchaceae family, is a facultative root parasitic plant that can survive without parasitizing the host. In contrast, obligate root parasitic plants, such as Striga and Orobanche, which are also members of the Orobanchaceae family, cannot survive in the absence of the host. The germination of obligate root parasitic plants is typically induced by host root-derived strigolactones (SLs) at very low concentrations. The KAI2/HTL family proteins have been found to be involved in the perception of karrikin (KAR), a smoke-derived germination inducer and unidentified endogenous ligand, in non-parasitic plants. Obligate root parasitic plants possess uniquely diverged KAI2 clade genes, which are collectively referred to as KAI2d. Many of those have been shown to function as SL receptors. Intriguingly, the KAI2d clade genes are also conserved in P. japonicum, even though this plant does not require SLs for germination. The biochemical and physiological functions of the KAI2d proteins in P. japonicum remain unclear. Here, we report that some of these proteins can function as SL receptors in P. japonicum. Moreover, we found that one of them, PjKAI2d4, is highly sensitive to SLs when expressed in Arabidopsis, and it is similar to the sensitive SL receptors found in Striga and Orobanche. These results suggest that the KAI2d clade SL receptors play a crucial role not only in obligate parasites but also in facultative parasitic plants.
Induced almost para-Kähler Einstein metrics on cotangent bundles
Authors: Čap Andreas , Mettler Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In earlier work, we have shown that for certain geometric structures on a smooth manifold M of dimension n, one obtains an almost para-Kähler–Einstein metric on a manifold A of dimension 2n associated to the structure on M. The geometry also associates a diffeomorphism between A and $T^*M$ to any torsion-free connection compatible with the geometric structure. Hence we can use this construction to associate to each compatible connection an almost para-Kähler–Einstein metric on $T^*M$. In this short article, we discuss the relation of these metrics to Patterson–Walker metrics and derive explicit formulae for them in the cases of projective, conformal and Grassmannian structures.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Wang Huifang , Chen Qiaoling , Ye Qiuping , Liu Lifang , Wei Lixin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) were frequent histologic features of LN, and LN patients with IFTA have poor renal outcomes. In this study, we aimed to construct prediction models for the IFTA in LN patients.

Methods
This retrospective study included 303 patients with biopsy-proven LN at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. The participants were randomly divided into development and validation cohorts. They were further divided into IFTA and non-IFTA groups. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model with laboratory test results collected at the time of kidney biopsy was used to optimize feature selection for the risk model. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a predicting model incorporating the feature selected in the LASSO regression model. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the predicting model were assessed using the C-index, calibration plot, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Internal validation was assessed using the bootstrapping validation. A nomogram for individual assessment was constructed based on the preferable model.

Results
Predictors contained in the prediction nomogram included age, BMI, mean arterial pressure, log antinuclear antibody (logANA), C3, estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum uric acid. The model displayed good discrimination with a C-index of 0.794 (95% CI 0.734–0.854) and good calibration. High C-index value of 0.857 (95% CI 0.776–0.938) could still be reached in the interval validation. A nomogram model based on the LASSO model was created for producing a probability score of IFTA in LN patients.

Conclusion
With excellent predictive abilities, the nomogram may provide a simple and reliable tool to distinguish LN patients with IFTA and help physicians make clinical decisions in their comprehensive assessment.
Radiation dose reduction and image quality in pediatric paranasal sinus CT: with automatic tube current modulation and iterative reconstruction technique
Authors: Chen Xiao-Fang , Zhang Yi-Chi , Ding Ning , Liu Li , Ji Yi-Ding , Zhang Chao , Chi Jing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our objective is to evaluate radiation dose and image quality in pediatric paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) with automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) and sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction algorithm (SAFIRE). CT scans from 80 patients were divided into two groups: Group A [80 kVp, pitch 1.5, 40 mAs, the filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm] and Group B (70 kVp, pitch 3, ATCM with reference at 40 mAs, SAFIRE strengths 1–5). We have evaluated image quality and radiation dose. Group B demonstrated significantly lower volume computed tomography dose index, dose-length product, and effective dose than Group A (0.13 ± 0.03 vs. 1.57 ± 0.01 mGy, 2.27 ± 0.82 vs. 19.88 ± 2.01 mGy·cm, and 0.0081 ± 0.0017 vs. 0.079 ± 0.013 mSv, respectively; P &lt; .001). Increasing SAFIRE strengths correlated with noise reduction and SNR enhancement. Group B’s noise and SNRsoft at SAFIRE strength 5 were comparable with Group A. Images reconstructed with SAFIRE strength 5 in Group B exhibit comparable image quality with FBP in Group A.
Stratified Private Safety Nets: How Legal Status Shapes Financial Contributions by Immigrant-Origin Young Adults
Authors: Delgado Vanessa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Previous research documents how immigrant-origin Latino/a young adults are more likely to “give back” financially to their immigrant families. However, we know less about how immigration status complicates the financial contributions young adults are known to provide to their immigrant parents. Drawing on 120 in-depth longitudinal interviews with Latino/a young adults from undocumented, mixed-status, and documented families, I argue that parental immigration status shapes young adults’ decisions to financially contribute, and the immigration status of the young adults shapes the extent to which they are able to “give back.” The findings demonstrate that young adults with undocumented parents were more likely to financially contribute because their parents face extreme economic exclusion. Most undocumented participants were Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients and shared similar money sharing patterns as citizen participants; however, DACAmented young adults, unlike citizens, worried about their legal precarity when sharing money with their undocumented parents. Citizens with documented parents felt less pressure to economically contribute to their households; if they did support, it was often situational to help parents weather a temporary hardship. This study contributes to the fields of family sociology, racial/ethnic wealth inequality, and aging and the life course.
Unraveling devitalization: its impact on immune response and ectopic bone remodeling from autologous and allogeneic callus mimics
Authors: de Silva Leanne , van den Beucken Jeroen J J P , Rosenberg Antoine J W P , Longoni Alessia , Gawlitta Debby 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Endochondral bone regeneration is a promising approach in regenerative medicine. Callus mimics (CMs) are engineered and remodeled into bone tissue upon implantation. The long-term objective is to fabricate a sustainable off-the-shelf treatment option for patients. Devitalization was introduced to facilitate storage and using allogeneic (donor) cells would further propel the off-the-shelf approach. However, allogeneic CMs for bone regeneration pose a potential antigenicity concern. Here, we explored the impact of devitalization on antigenicity and osteoinductive bone formation when implanting syngeneic or allogeneic CM in a vital or devitalized state. For this, we implanted chondrogenically differentiated rat-derived mesenchymal stromal cells using an allogeneic immunocompetent ectopic rat model. Vital syngeneic CMs demonstrated the highest bone formation, and vital allogeneic CMs showed the lowest bone formation, while both devitalized CMs showed comparable intermediate levels of bone formation. Preceding bone formation, the level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining at 7 and 14 days was proportional to the level of eventual bone formation. No differences were observed for local innate immune responses at any time point before or after bone formation. In contrast, allogeneic CMs elicit a mild adaptive immune response, which still permits bone formation in an immunocompetent environment, albeit at a reduced rate compared to the autologous living counterpart. Overall, devitalization delays bone formation when autologous CMs are implanted, whereas it accelerates bone formation in allogeneic CMs, highlighting the potential of this approach for achieving off-the-shelf treatment.