bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genome‐wide association study identifies a region strongly associated with symmetrical onychomadesis on chromosome 12 in dogs
Authors: Dahlgren S. , Ziener M. Lund , Lingaas F. 
Published: September 2016

SummarySymmetrical onychomadesis causes periodic loss of claws in otherwise healthy dogs. Genome‐wide association analysis in 225 Gordon Setters identified a single region associated with symmetrical onychomadesis on chromosome 12 (spanning about 3.3 mb). A meta‐analysis including also English Setters indicated that this genomic region predisposes for symmetrical onychomadesis in English Setters as well. The associated region spans most of the major histocompatibility complex and nearly 1 Mb downstream. Like many other autoimmune diseases, associations of symmetrical onychomadesis with DLA class II alleles have been reported. In this study, no associated markers were revealed within any of the DLA‐DRB1, ‐DQA1 or ‐DQB1 genes, and the odds for symmetrical onychomadesis in the Gordon Setters were much higher, carrying significant single nucleotide polymorphisms compared to the odds of any of the recorded DLA‐DRB1/DQA1/DQB1 haplotypes. We noticed that some of the associated DLA haplotypes were different between the English Setters and the Gordon Setters. Interestingly, associated SNP chip markers showed a more consistent pattern of allelic variants related to cases or controls regardless of breed. In conclusion, the associated genetic markers identified in this study hold the potential to aid in selection of breeding animals to reduce the frequency of symmetrical onychomadesis in the dog.
Focusing on relationships, not information, respects autonomy during antenatal consultations
Authors: Gaucher Nathalie , Payot Antoine 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPolicy statements regarding antenatal consultations for preterm labour are guided by physicians’ concerns for upholding the legal doctrine of informed consent, through the provision of standardised homogeneous medical information. This approach, led by classical in‐control conceptions of patient autonomy, conceives moral agents as rational, independent, self‐sufficient decision‐makers. Recent studies on these antenatal consultations have explored patients’ perspectives, and these differ from guidelines’ suggestions. Relational autonomy – which understands moral agents as rational, emotional, creative and interdependent – resonates impressively with these new data.ConclusionA model for antenatal consultations is proposed. This approach encourages clinicians to explore individual patients’ lived experiences and engage in trusting empowering relationships. Moreover, it calls on physicians to enhance patients’ relational autonomy by becoming advocates for their patients within healthcare institutions and professional organisations, while calling for broadscale policy changes to encourage further funding and support in investigations of the patient's voice.
Genetic associations between milk fat‐to‐protein ratio, milk production and fertility in the first two lactations of Thai Holsteins dairy cattle
Authors: Puangdee Somsook , Duangjinda Monchai , Boonkum Wuttigrai , Katawatin Suporn , Buaban Sayan , Thepparat Mongkol 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aims of this study were to estimate, simultaneously, the genetic parameters of test‐day milk fat‐to‐protein ratio (FPR), test‐day milk yield (MY), and days‐open (DO) in the first two lactations of Thai Holsteins. A total of 76 194 test‐day production records collected from 8874 cows with 8674 DO records between 2001 and 2011 from different lactations were treated as separated traits. The estimates of heritability for test‐day FPR in the first lactation showed an increasing trend, whereas the estimates in the second lactation showed a U‐shape trend. Genetic correlations for FPR‐DO and MY‐DO showed a decreasing trend along days in milk (DIM) in both lactations, whereas genetic correlations for FPR‐MY increased along DIM in the first lactation but decreased in the second lactation. Genetic correlations of FPR between consecutive DIM were moderate to high, which showed the effectiveness of simultaneous analyses. Selection of FPR in the early stage has no adverse effect on MY and DO for the first lactation but has a negative effect on MY and positive effect on DO for the second lactation. This study showed that genetic improvement of the energy balance using FPR, MY and DO with multi‐trait test day model could be applied in a Thailand dairy cattle breeding program.
Conversion of Goat Fibroblasts into Lineage‐Specific Cells Using a Direct Reprogramming Strategy
Authors: Guo Yanjie , Yu Tong , Lei Lei , Duan Anqin , Ma Xiaoling , Wang Huayan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDirect reprogramming is an efficient strategy to convert one cell type to another. In this study, due to the failure of maintaining the undifferentiated state of goat embryotic stem‐ and induced pluripotent stem‐like cells in vitro, we explored an alternative way to directly convert goat fibroblasts to lineage‐specific cells. The ‘Yamanaka factors’ was ectopically expressed in fibroblasts for a short term to situate cells in a metastable state. By culturing with lineage‐specific media for 1–2 weeks, the cardiomyocyte‐like cells and neurocyte‐like cells were generated and confirmed by the quantitative RT‐PCR and immunocytochemical staining. The metastable‐state cells could also be converted into oocyte‐like cells (OLCs) after culturing in media with retinoic acid (RA) and bovine follicular fluid (bFF) for 2–3 weeks. The generated OLCs were surrounded by cumulus granulosa cell‐like cells and formed a structure resembling goat cumulus‐oocyte complex from ovaries. This primary follicular structure could be developed further in oocyte mature medium and expressed germ cell‐specific markers. In addition, we found that the induction efficiency was higher and OLC cell size was bigger in bFF than in RA treatment. Altogether, the direct reprogramming of goat fibroblasts into lineage‐specific cells can facilitate stem cell research in domestic animals.
Developing Autonomy and Transitional Paternalism
Authors: Tucker Faye 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAdolescents, in many jurisdictions, have the power to consent to life saving treatment but not necessarily the power to refuse it. A recent defence of this asymmetry is Neil Manson's theory of ‘transitional paternalism’. Transitional paternalism holds that such asymmetries are by‐products of sharing normative powers. However, sharing normative powers by itself does not entail an asymmetry because transitional paternalism can be implemented in two ways. Manson defends the asymmetry‐generating version of transitional paternalism in the clinical context, arguing that it maximizes respect for adolescent autonomy. This article offers an alternative argument in favour of the asymmetry‐generating form of transitional paternalism, one that makes appeal to obligations that individuals have to develop self‐governance in others. We should share normative powers asymmetrically in the clinical context for three reasons. First, the asymmetric version of transitional paternalism takes seriously duties to support adolescents’ developing autonomy, alongside other duties that adults have to young people. It does so by enabling young people to be involved in important decisions that they would otherwise be excluded from. This is of value because participation of this sort is central to the cultivation of their self‐governance. Second, only the asymmetric version gives young people a voice in respect of all clinical actions, and only the asymmetric version leaves open the possibility that the coarse lines of legislation might be ‘fine‐tuned’ in individual cases. Third, the asymmetric sharing of normative powers is consistent with the kind of social arrangements that best support autonomy.
Active and Passive Physician‐Assisted Dying and the Terminal Disease Requirement
Authors: Varelius Jukka 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe view that voluntary active euthanasia and physician‐assisted suicide should be made available for terminal patients only is typically warranted by reference to the risks that the procedures are seen to involve. Though they would appear to involve similar risks, the commonly endorsed end‐of‐life practices referred to as passive euthanasia are available also for non‐terminal patients. In this article, I assess whether there is good reason to believe that the risks in question would be bigger in the case of voluntary active euthanasia and physician‐assisted suicide than in that of passive euthanasia. I propose that there is not. On that basis, I suggest that limiting access to voluntary active euthanasia and physician‐assisted suicide to terminal patients only is not consistent with accepting the existing practices of passive euthanasia.
Why Gametes are not Like Enriched Uranium
Authors: Botterell Andrew 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAccording to Rivka Weinberg, gametes are like enriched uranium: both are hazardous materials. Exposing human beings to enriched uranium can result in radioactivity and decreased life expectancy, while exposing sperm and ova to each other can result in the creation of needy innocent persons with full moral status. Weinberg argues that when we engage in activities that put our gametes at risk of joining with others and growing into persons, we assume the costs of that risky activity. She calls this the Hazmat Theory of parental responsibility. The theory is novel and important, and has far‐reaching consequences for the ethics of procreation, parenting, and population, implying among other things that that the only way to avoid acquiring parental responsibilities may be to “abstain from sexual intercourse or surgically interfere with our gamete‐release system.” For these reasons the theory merits careful scrutiny. In this article I criticize the theory's account of how parental responsibility is acquired and its treatment of the standard of care expected of gamete possessors, and argue that it fails to properly account for a distinction between procreative costs and parental responsibility. Even if gametes are hazardous, it does not follow that parental responsibility in Weinberg's sense is acquired whenever one brings new persons into existence.
Meta Consent – A Flexible Solution to the Problem of Secondary Use of Health Data
Authors: Ploug Thomas , Holm Søren 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this article we provide an in‐depth description of a new model of informed consent called ‘meta consent’ and consider its practical implementation. We explore justifications for preferring meta consent over alternative models of consent as a solution to the problem of secondary use of health data for research. We finally argue that meta consent strikes an appropriate balance between enabling valuable research and protecting the individual.
The effects of letter spacing and coloured overlays on reading speed and accuracy in adult dyslexia
Authors: Sjoblom Amanda M. , Eaton Elizabeth , Stagg Steven D. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundZorzi et al. (2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 109, 11455) found evidence that extra‐large letter spacing aids children with dyslexia, but the evidence for the coloured overlays is contradictory (e.g., Henderson et al., 2013, J. Res. Special Educ. Needs, 13, 57; Wilkins, 2002, Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt., 22, 448), and possible combined advantages have not been identified.AimsTo investigate whether extra‐large letter spacing or coloured overlays can alleviate reading problems in dyslexic adults.SampleThe participants were 24 dyslexic and 24 non‐dyslexic university students, matched for age and fluid intelligence.MethodsThe reading speed and the errors made by a dyslexic and a control group were measured in four conditions: with and without coloured overlays and with normally and largely spaced texts.ResultsLarge letter spacing improves the reading speed in general, as well as improves the reading accuracy in dyslexic readers.ConclusionsThe results support the positive effect of letter spacing on reading performance.
Hearing “Quack” and Remembering A Duck: Evidence for Fluency Attribution in Young Children
Authors: Geurten Marie , Lloyd Marianne , Willems Sylvie 
Published: September 2016

Previous research has suggested that fluency does not influence memory decisions until ages 7–8. In two experiments (n = 96 and n = 64, respectively), children, aged 4, 6, and 8 years (Experiments 1 and 2), and adults (Experiment 2) studied a list of pictures. Participants completed a recognition test during which each study item was preceded by a sound providing either a highly predictive or mildly predictive context in order to make some test items more conceptually fluent. Overall, highly predictive items were recognized at a higher rate than mildly predictive items demonstrating an earlier development of the fluency heuristic than previously observed. The study provides insight into how children develop metacognitive expectations and when they start to use them to guide their memory responses.
Economic Growth and Convergence, Applied to China
Authors: Barro Robert J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFrom the perspective of conditional convergence, China's GDP growth rate since 1990 has been surprisingly high. However, China cannot deviate forever from the global historical experience, and the per capita growth rate is likely to fall soon from around 8 percent per year to a range of 3–4 percent. China can be viewed as a middle‐income convergence success story, grouped with Costa Rica, Indonesia, Peru, Thailand and Uruguay. Upper‐income convergence successes (toward which China is likely heading) include Chile, Hong Kong, Ireland, Malaysia, Poland, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan.
Sustainability of China's Growth Model: A Productivity Perspective
Authors: Wu Harry X. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the present paper, the debate on China's growth sustainability is first revisited by highlighting the importance of total factor productivity (TFP). China's TFP performance is then assessed by applying the Jorgensonian aggregate production possibility frontier framework to the latest version of the China Industry Productivity (CIP) database. We find that of China's 8.9‐percent annual GDP growth over the period 1980–2012, 7.0 percentage points (ppts) could be attributed to the growth of labor productivity and 1.9 ppts to the increase in hours worked. Nevertheless, the labor productivity growth is found to be heavily dependent on capital deepening (5.7) rather than TFP growth (0.8). Notably, the TFP growth turned negative over 2007–2012, which brings into question the sustainability of China's growth. Besides, industries that are less prone to state intervention show faster TFP growth than those controlled by the state. Incorporating the Domar aggregation scheme into our model, we further reveal that two‐thirds of the TFP growth originates from within industries and the remainder is attributed to a net factor reallocation effect in which labor plays a positive role, whereas capital appears to behave irrationally. Finally, using a revised Maddison–Wu approach to address the potential flaws in official statistics, we arrive at an annual growth rate of 7.2 percent, or 1.7‐ppts slower than the 8.9 percent obtained based on the CIP data reconstructed using the official national accounts.
Korea's Economic Growth and Catch‐up: Implications for China
Authors: Lee Jong‐Wha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the economic growth and catch‐up of Korea over the past half century. Korea's growth experience confirms the prediction of a “conditional convergence” theory. Cross‐country regression further suggests that Korea's strong catch‐up to the USA is also attributable to its favorable growth factors such as strong investment, lower fertility, greater trade openness, and improvements in human resources and rule of law. However, as Korea catches up to the USA and its steady‐state level in per worker output, it will be subject to a growth slowdown unless improvements are made in those growth factors. While manufacturing‐oriented and export‐oriented development has served Korea's success well, poor productivity performance in the services sector has hampered overall productivity growth. Korea's experience implies that China's potential growth rates are likely to slow in the coming decades due to the convergence effect and with the rebalancing toward a domestic consumption and services‐based economy. China needs to upgrade its rule of law, reform state‐owned enterprises and improve productivity, particularly in its services sector, to sustain strong growth.
Will China be Able to Avoid the Japan Syndrome?
Authors: Yao Yang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFollowing the 1973 oil crisis, Japan's economic growth slowed down substantially and its asset prices overshot their long‐term trend. The economic performance of this episode of the Japanese history has been dubbed the “Japan syndrome.” China has followed Japan's export‐led growth model and the current world economy very much resembles the world economy following the oil crisis. It is then a legitimate question to ask whether China is likely to follow in Japan's steps and experience a major slowdown in its growth. The present paper shows that China can do a better job than Japan primarily because its large size allows the country to benefit from internal convergence. Based on the estimation of a growth equation using cross‐country panel data, the paper forecasts that under reasonable assumptions about the growth rate of the world economy and China's investment rate, China could maintain reasonably high growth rates in the next 10 years.
Improvement of very high cycle fatigue properties in an AA7075 friction stir welded joint by ultrasonic peening treatment
Authors: He C. , Yang K. , Liu Y. , Wang Q. , Cai M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe present paper aims to investigate the effect of ultrasonic peening treatment on the very high cycle fatigue resistance of an AA7075 friction stir welded joint. Microscopy observation, microhardness and X‐ray diffraction measurements were carried out to characterize the treated surface of peened specimens. Fatigue crack initiation sites were investigated through scanning electron microscope, and the role of enhanced surface on fatigue resistance was analyzed. The results indicate that a sensible fatigue strength improvement can be obtained through application of ultrasonic peening treatment and that fatigue cracks can initiate from the interior of the specimen. To clarify the fatigue failure mechanism, we analyzed the microstructure characteristics, compressive residual stress profile and intermetallic inclusion distribution in the surface layers, and we discussed the capability of ultrasonic peening treatment to hinder the surface crack initiation.
Improving physical fitness and health status perception in community‐dwelling older adults through a structured program for physical activity promotion in the city of Naples, Italy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gallè Francesca , Di Onofrio Valeria , Romano Spica Vincenzo , Mastronuzzi Roberto , Russo Krauss Pio , Belfiore Patrizia , Buono Pasqualina , Liguori Giorgio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a physical activity promotion intervention in community‐dwelling older adults based on a free program of exercise adapted for older adults aged ≥60 years managed by trainees from the Movement Sciences degree course.MethodsA total of 160 adults aged 60–82 years were randomly allocated into the intervention and control group. The exercise program consisted of 1‐h sessions carried out twice a week for a year. Control participants received recommendations about an active lifestyle from their physicians. Senior Fitness Tests and the 12‐item Short Form Health Survey were used to assess six functional fitness domains of participants and perception of their health status, respectively. Body mass index was also evaluated.ResultsA total of 62 participants completed the exercise path. At the end of the intervention, they showed a significant body mass index decrease (from 27.9 ± 1.6 to 25.1 ± 1.8 kg/m2, P < 0.01), and a significant improvement in functional domains, mainly aerobic fitness (+33.9%, P < 0.01) and agility (+24.2%, P < 0.01), and in good health status perception (+38.7%, P < 0.05). Similar variations were not observed in the control group (P > 0.05). A high acceptance of the intervention was registered among participants (>88.7%); staff competence and gratuitousness were the most appreciated features (>85.5%).ConclusionsThe structured program represented a useful opportunity to promote physical activity among participants, and it was effective in improving their physical fitness and health status perception. Similar interventions are required to sensitize the whole older population, and experts in Movement Sciences might represent a key figure in this context. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1421–1428.
Maxillary overdentures supported by four or six implants in the anterior region: 5‐year results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Slot Wim , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Cune Marco S. , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J.A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare a four‐ and six‐implant maxillary overdenture after an observation period of 5 years.Material and methodsFifty subjects with functional problems concerning their maxillary denture, who had ample bone volume in the anterior region to place four or six implants, were included and randomly assigned to either group. Implant and overdenture survival, clinical performance, marginal bone loss and patient satisfaction were assessed.ResultsForty‐six patients completed the 5‐year follow‐up. One implant failed in the six implants group (99.2% survival) and none in the four implants group (100% survival). No overdentures had to be replaced during the observation period and the number of complications was limited. Clinical function was good, with no difference in clinical parameters between the groups. Mean marginal bone resorption was 0.50 ± 0.37 and 0.52 ± 0.43 mm in the four and six implant group respectively.ConclusionIn patients with functional complaints of their maxillary denture, bar‐supported overdentures on four implants in the anterior maxillary region were not inferior to overdentures supported by six implants after 5 years of function. Implant survival and patient satisfaction were high, clinical parameters favourable, bone loss and complications to the denture were minor in both groups (Clinical trial registration number: NTR2969).