bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography As an Imaging Biomarker in a Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort of Patients With Large Vessel Vasculitis
Authors: Grayson Peter C. , Alehashemi Sara , Bagheri Armin A. , Civelek Ali Cahid , Cupps Thomas R. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Malayeri Ashkan A. , Merkel Peter A. , Novakovich Elaine , Bluemke David A. , Ahlman Mark A. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical value of18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in a prospective cohort of patients with large vessel vasculitis (LVV) and comparator subjects.MethodsPatients with Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis were studied, along with a comparator group consisting of patients with hyperlipidemia, patients with diseases that mimicLVV, and healthy controls. Participants underwent clinical evaluation andFDG‐PETimaging, and patients withLVVunderwent serial imaging at 6‐month intervals. We calculated sensitivity and specificity ofFDG‐PETinterpretation for distinguishing patients with clinically activeLVVfrom comparator subjects and from patients with disease in clinical remission. A qualitative summary score based on global arterialFDGuptake, thePETVascular Activity Score (PETVAS), was used to study associations between activity onPETscan and clinical characteristics and to predict relapse.ResultsA total of 170FDG‐PETscans were performed in 115 participants (56 patients withLVVand 59 comparator subjects).FDG‐PETdistinguished patients with clinically activeLVVfrom comparator subjects with a sensitivity of 85% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 69, 94) and a specificity of 83% (95%CI71, 91).FDG‐PETscans were interpreted as active vasculitis in most patients withLVVin clinical remission (41 of 71 [58%]). Clinical disease activity status, disease duration, body mass index, and glucocorticoid use were independently associated with activity onPETscan. Among patients who underwentPETduring clinical remission, future clinical relapse was more common in patients with a highPETVASthan in those with a lowPETVAS(55% versus 11%;P = 0.03) over a median follow‐up period of 15 months.ConclusionFDG‐PETprovides information about vascular inflammation that is complementary to, and distinct from, clinical assessment inLVV.FDG‐PETscan activity during clinical remission was associated with future clinical relapse.
Improved Dehydrogenation Properties of LiBH4 Using Catalytic Nickel‐ and Cobalt‐based Mesoporous Oxide Nanorods
Authors: Zang Lei , Zhang Qiuyu , Li Li , Huang Yike , Chang Xiaoya , Jiao Lifang , Yuan Huatang , Wang Yijing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLithium borohydride (LiBH4) with a theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of 18.5 wt % has attracted intense interest as a high‐density hydrogen storage material. However, high dehydrogenation temperatures and limited kinetics restrict its practical applications. In this study, mesoporous nickel‐ and cobalt‐based oxide nanorods (NiCo2O4, Co3O4 and NiO) were synthesized in a controlled manner by using a hydrothermal method and then mixed with LiBH4 by ball milling. It is found that the dehydrogenation properties of LiBH4 are remarkably enhanced by doping the as‐synthesized metal oxide nanorods. When the mass ratio of LiBH4 and oxides is 1:1, the NiCo2O4 nanorods display the best catalytic performance owing to the mesoporous rod‐like structure and synergistic effect of nickel and cobalt active species. The initial hydrogen desorption temperature of the LiBH4‐NiCo2O4 composite decreases to 80 °C, which is 220 °C lower than that of pure LiBH4, and 16.1 wt % H2 is released at 500 °C for the LiBH4‐NiCo2O4 composite. Meanwhile, the composite also exhibits superior dehydrogenation kinetics, which liberates 5.7 wt % H2 within 60 s and a total of 12 wt % H2 after 5 h at 400 °C. In comparison, pure LiBH4 releases only 5.3 wt % H2 under the same conditions.
Metabolic profiling of normal hepatocyte and hepatocellular carcinoma cells via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yang , Chen Zhong , Feng Jiang‐Hua , Chen Yun‐Bin , Liao Nai‐Shun , Su Ying , Zou Chang‐Yan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes death mainly by disseminated metastasis progression from the organ being confined. Different metastatic stages are closely related to cellular metabolic profiles. Normal hepatocyte and HepG2 cell line from low metastatic HCC were studied by NMR‐based metabolomic techniques. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were utilized to identify characteristic metabolites from cells and cultured media. Elevated levels of acetate, creatine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine were observed in HepG2 cells, suggesting more active in gathering nutrient components along with altered amino acid metabolisms and enhanced lipid metabolism. High glucose consumption was significantly different in low metastatic cells. A series of characteristic metabolites were identified and served as biomarkers. Relative metabolic pathway analysis shows that low metastatic HepG2 cell line exhibits active behaviors in metabolisms and biosynthesis of specific amino acids and energy metabolism. Moreover, characteristic metabolites‐based classification models executed by support vector machines algorithm perform robustly to classify normal hepatocyte and HepG2 cell line. It is concluded that NMR‐based metabolomic analyses of cell lines can provide a powerful approach to understand metastasis‐related biological alterations. The present study also provides a basis for metabolic markers determination of hepatic carcinoma in the future clinical study.
Emulsion Prevention with Supported Liquid Membrane Permeation
Authors: Kienberger Marlene , Hackl Markus , Siebenhofer Matthäus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe urge to achieve climate protection goals and a more prevalent interest in finding alternatives to fossil fuel‐based products focus attention increasingly on cascade raw material utilization, respectively, to intensify commercial production processes. The present project provides a study on the combination of liquid‐liquid extraction and esterification using the system acetic acid/octanol and 4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as catalyst. The surfactant 4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid causes emulsification during extraction, but emulsification was successfully avoided by using supported liquid membrane permeation equipment.
Catalytic Synthesis of Indolines by Hydrogen Atom Transfer to Cobalt(III)–Carbene Radicals
Authors: Karns Alexander S. , Goswami Monalisa , de Bruin Bas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report a new method for the synthesis of indolines from o‐aminobenzylidine N‐tosylhydrazones proceeding through a cobalt(III)–carbene radical intermediate. This methodology employs the use of inexpensive commercially available reagents and allows for the transformation of easily derivatized benzaldehyde‐derived precursors to functionalized indoline products. This transformation takes advantage of the known propensity of radicals to undergo rapid intramolecular 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer (1,5‐HAT) to form more stabilized radical intermediates. Computational investigations using density functional theory identify remarkably low barriers for 1,5‐HAT and subsequent radical rebound displacement, providing support for the proposed mechanism. We explore the effect of a variety of nitrogen substituents, and highlight the importance of adequate resonance stabilization of radical intermediates to the success of the transformation. Furthermore, we evaluate the steric and electronic effects of substituents on the aniline ring. This transformation is the first reported example of the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles from cobalt(III)–carbene radical precursors.
Effect of Second‐Order Spin–Orbit Coupling on the Interaction between Spin States in Spin‐Crossover Systems
Authors: Sousa Carmen , Domingo Alex , de Graaf Coen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe second‐order spin–orbit coupling is evaluated in two transition‐metal complexes to establish the effect on the deactivation mechanism of the excited low‐spin state in systems that undergo spin transitions under the influence of light. We compare the standard perturbational approach to calculate the second‐order interaction with a variational strategy based on the effective Hamiltonian theory and show that the former one can only be applied in some special cases and even then gives results that largely overestimate the interaction. The combined effect of geometry distortions and second‐order spin–orbit coupling leads to sizeable interactions for states that are nearly uncoupled in the symmetric (average) structure of the complex. This opens the possibility of a direct deactivation from the singlet and triplet states of the metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer manifold to the final high‐spin state as suggested from the interpretation of experimental data but so far not supported by theoretical descriptions of the light‐induced spin crossover.
The Investigation on Resorcinarenes towards either Inhibiting or Promoting Insulin Fibrillation
Authors: Han Xu , Tian Chuan , Gandra Ingrid , Eslava Valeria , Galindres Diana , Vargas Edgar , Leblanc Roger 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDifferent tail‐engineered resorcinarenes have been examined for insulin fibrillation by experimental and computational studies. The resorcinarene showed a promising effect on the inhibition of insulin fibrillation, studied using a ThT assay, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Both the ThT assay and computational results indicate the tail from the resorcinarene has an impact on insulin fibrillation by either inhibition or promotion because of the resident position on insulin. These observations have significant biological implications in the design of drug molecules as well as the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
Teaching Old Compounds New Tricks: DDQ‐Photocatalyzed C−H Amination of Arenes with Carbamates, Urea, and N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Das Somnath , Natarajan Palani , König Burkhard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe C−H amination of benzene derivatives was achieved using DDQ as photocatalyst and BocNH2 as the amine source under aerobic conditions and visible light irradiation. Electron‐deficient and electron‐rich benzenes react as substrates with moderate to good product yields. The amine scope of the reaction comprises Boc‐amine, carbamates, pyrazoles, sulfonimides and urea. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicate arene oxidation by the triplet of DDQ to radical cations with different electrophilicity and a charge transfer complex between the amine and DDQ as intermediate of the reaction.
Kinetic studies on Al3+ removal from phosphoric acid by cation exchange resin
Authors: Tang Cong , Qiu Yi , Wang Ye , Wang Xinlong , Zhang Zhiye , Yang Lin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn investigation on the removal of aluminum ions from phosphoric acid by ion exchange resin (001 × 7)732 was carried out for optimizing the wet process of phosphoric acid (WPA). Various parameters such as contact time, temperature, ratio between resin and solution, and agitation speed were studied to evaluate their effects on the ion exchange equilibrium and optimizing the process conditions. The experimental conditions of temperature 40 °C, contact time 20 min, ratio between resin and solution 50 g/200 g, and agitation speed 500 rpm could get the best sorption capacity at 6.62 × 10−3 g/g and removal efficiency at 49.8 %. Empirical kinetic equations such as pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equations, and broadly applicable diffusion models such as film diffusion, pore diffusion, and moving boundary process were employed to process the dates. Results showed the ion exchange process followed the pseudo‐second‐order model. In addition, the rate limiting steps in the ion exchange reaction were both of film and particle diffusion. The activation energy (10.77 KJ/mol) also indicated a diffusion controlled process. Furthermore scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X‐ray energy dispersed spectrometer and FTIR analyses for the resin before and after aluminum adsorption, demonstrated that aluminum containing nodules existed in the interior of the resin, the functional group is −SO3−.
Time‐Periodic Forcing and Asymptotic Stability for the Navier‐Stokes‐Maxwell Equations
Authors: Ibrahim S. , Lemarié Rieusset P. G. , Masmoudi N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFor the three‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes‐Maxwell problem on the whole space and in the presence of external time‐periodic forces, first we study the existence of time‐periodic small solutions, and then we prove their asymptotic stability. We use a new type of spaces to account for averaged decay in time.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A damped precipitation‐driven, bottom‐up model for deer mouse population abundance in the northwestern United States
Authors: Gorosito Irene L. , Douglass Richard J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSmall‐mammal population densities can be regulated by bottom‐up (food availability) and top‐down (predation) forces. In 1993, an El Niño Southern Oscillation event was followed by a cluster of human hantavirus with pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern United States. An upward trophic cascade hypothesis was proposed as an explanation for the outbreak: Increased plant productivity as a consequence of El Niño precipitations led to an unusual increase in distribution and abundance of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus; reservoir host of Sin Nombre virus). Could such drastic events occur in mesic habitats, where plant productivity in response to climate conditions is likely to be much less dramatic? In this work, we investigate to what extent deer mouse populations follow a precipitation‐driven, bottom‐up model in central and western Montana and discuss important conditions for such a model to be possible. We found positive correlations between deer mouse abundance and on‐the‐ground measured plant productivity with a several‐month lag in three of six study sites. This effect was weaker when deer mouse populations were more abundant, indicating density‐dependent effects. Dispersal resulting from territoriality may be important in attenuating local density increments in spite of high food availability. In addition, there is evidence that population abundance in the study area could respond to other abiotic factors. In particular, precipitation in the form of snow may reduce deer mice survival, thus compensating the benefits of improved plant productivity. Deer mouse populations in Montana study sites follow complex dynamics determined by multiple limiting factors, leading to a damped precipitation‐driven bottom‐up regulation. This prevents dramatic changes in rodent abundances after sudden increments of food availability, such as those observed in other regions.
The Hybrid of Gold Nanoparticles and 3D Flower‐like MnO2 Nanostructure with Enhanced Activity for Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Sheng Qinglin , Qiao Xiujuan , Zheng Jianbin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract3D Flower‐like manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanostructure with the ability of catalysis for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and super large area that can support gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with enhanced activity of electron transfer have been developed. The nanostructure of hybrids was prepared by directly mixing citric‐capped AuNPs and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3‐APTES)‐capped nano‐MnO2 using an electrostatic adsorption strategy. The Au‐MnO2 composite was extensively characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) method and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical properties were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric method. The prepared sensor showed excellent electrochemical properties towards H2O2 with a wide linear range from 2.5×10−3∼1.39 mM and 3.89∼13.89 mM. The detection limit is 0.34 μM (S/N=3) with the sensitivities of 169.43 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 55.72 μA mM−1 cm−2. The detection of real samples was also studied. The result exhibited that the prepared sensor can be used for H2O2 detection in real samples.
Internal Partial Oxidation Reforming of Butane and Steam Reforming of Ethanol for Anode‐supported Microtubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Sumi H. , Yamaguchi T. , Shimada H. , Fujishiro Y. , Awano M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInternal partial oxidation reforming of butane and steam reforming of ethanol were investigated using microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) supported on nickel‐gadolinia doped ceria (Ni‐GDC) anodes for portable power sources in emergency situations and for mobilities, such as vehicles, robots and drones. At an oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratio of 1.0, which is a coking condition in the equilibrium, the Ni‐GDC anode deteriorated for 28 h by internal partial oxidation of butane at 650 °C. However, power generation was also impossible after 8 h and 79 h at steam/carbon (S/C) = 1.0 and 1.5, respectively, by internal steam reforming of ethanol despite of no carbon deposition condition in the equilibrium at 650 °C. Power can be generated for more than 100 h at O/C = 1.5 in butane and at S/C = 2.0 in ethanol. For internal partial oxidation reforming of methane and steam reforming of ethanol in SOFCs, the O/C and S/C ratios are significantly important to prevent carbon deposition on the Ni‐GDC anode.
Time‐varying suspended sediment‐discharge rating curves to estimate climate impacts on fluvial sediment transport
Authors: Ahn Kuk‐Hyun , Steinschneider Scott 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study presents time‐varying suspended sediment‐discharge rating curves to model suspended‐sediment concentrations (SSCs) under alternative climate scenarios. The proposed models account for hysteresis at multiple time scales, with particular attention given to systematic shifts in sediment transport following large floods (long‐term hysteresis). A series of nested formulations are tested to evaluate the elements embedded in the proposed models in a case study watershed that supplies drinking water to New York City. To maximize available data for model development, a dynamic regression model is used to estimate SSC based on denser records of turbidity, where the parameters of this regression are allowed to vary over time to account for potential changes in the turbidity‐SSC relationship. After validating the proposed rating curves, we compare simulations of SSC among a subset of models in a climate change impact assessment using an ensemble of flow simulations generated using a stochastic weather generator and hydrologic model. We also examine SSC estimates under synthetic floods generated using a peaks‐over‐threshold model. Our results indicate that estimates of extreme SSC under new climate and hydrologic scenarios can vary widely depending on the selected model and may be significantly underestimated if long‐term hysteresis is ignored when simulating impacts under sequences of large storm event. Based on the climate change scenarios explored here, average annual maximum SSC could increase by as much as 2.45 times over historical values.
Matsubara–Takahashi cervix‐holding technique for massive postpartum hemorrhage in patients with placenta previa with or without placenta accreta spectrum disorders
Authors: Takahashi Hironori , Ohkuchi Akihide , Usui Rie , Suzuki Hirotada , Baba Yosuke , Matsubara Shigeki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy and safety of the Matsubara–Takahashi cervix‐holding technique (MT‐holding) for achieving hemostasis for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsThe present retrospective observational study included data from deliveries that occurred between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2014, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan. Deliveries were included where patients experienced blood loss greater than 2500 mL and MT‐holding was used. The success rates of the technique in patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders and PPH were determined; subsequent pregnancy outcomes were also examined.ResultsThere were 53 deliveries included in the study; 29 patients had placenta previa and 8 of these patients also had PAS disorders. MT‐holding achieved hemostasis in 15 (71%) and 4 (50%) patients with placenta previa without and with PAS disorders, respectively; the placenta was removed in the latter. Overall, MT‐holding achieved hemostasis in 40 (75%) deliveries. Of nine patients who became pregnant after this procedure, six went on to have full‐term deliveries.ConclusionMT‐holding achieved hemostasis in 50% of patients with PAS disorders and had an overall success rate of 75% for PPH, comparable to other uterus‐sparing procedures. MT‐holding is suggested as a simple, effective, safe technique available to less‐experienced obstetrician; these findings require confirmation in larger studies.
Drug interaction at hERG channel: In vitro assessment of the electrophysiological consequences of drug combinations and comparison against theoretical models
Authors: Wiśniowska Barbara , Lisowski Bartosz , Kulig Magdalena , Polak Sebastian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDrugs carry a proarrhythmic risk, which gets even greater when they are used in combination. In vitro assessment of the proarrhythmic potential of drugs is limited to one compound and thus neglects the potential of drug–drug interactions, including those involving active metabolites. Here we present the results of an in vitro study of potential drug–drug interactions at the level of the hERG channel for the combination of up to three compounds: loratadine, desloratadine and ketoconazole. Experiments were performed at room temperature on an automated patch‐clamp device CytoPatch 2, with the use of heterogeneously, stably transfected HEK cells. Single drugs, pairs and triplets were used. The results provided as the inhibition of the IKr current for pairs were compared against the calculated theoretical interaction. Models applied to calculate the combined effect of inhibitory actions of simultaneously given drugs include: (1) simple additive model with a maximal inhibition limit of 1 (all channels blocked in 100%); (2) Bliss independence; and (3) Loewe additivity. The observed IC50 values for loratadine, desloratadine and ketoconazole were 5.15, 1.95 and 0.74 μm respectively. For the combination of drugs tested in pairs, the effect was concentration dependent. In lower concentrations, the synergistic effect was observed, while for the highest tested concentrations it was subadditive. To triple the effect, it was subadditive regardless of concentrations. The square root of sum of squares of differences between the observed and predicted total inhibition was calculated to assess the theoretical interaction models. For most of the drugs, the allotopic model offered the best fit.