bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the time variability of the solar wind using LOFAR pulsar data
Authors: Susarla S. C. , Chalumeau A. , Tiburzi C. , Keane E. F. , Verbiest J. P. W. , Hazboun J. S. , Krishnakumar M. A. , Iraci F. , Shaifullah G. M. , Golden A. , Bak Nielsen A.-S. , Donner J. , Grießmeier J.-M. , Keith M. J. , Osłowski S. , Porayko N. K. , Serylak M. , Anderson J. M. , Brüggen M. , Ciardi B. , Dettmar R.-J. , Hoeft M. , Künsemöller J. , Schwarz D. , Vocks C. 
Published: September 2024

Context. High-precision pulsar timing is highly dependent on the precise and accurate modelling of any effects that can potentially impact the data. In particular, effects that contain stochastic elements contribute to some level of corruption and complexity in the analysis of pulsar-timing data. It has been shown that commonly used solar wind models do not accurately account for variability in the amplitude of the solar wind on both short and long timescales.
Aims. In this study, we test and validate a new, cutting-edge solar wind modelling method included in the enterprise software suite (widely used for pulsar noise analysis) through extended simulations. We use it to investigate temporal variability in LOFAR data. Our model testing scheme in itself provides an invaluable asset for pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments. Since, improperly accounting for the solar wind signature in pulsar data can induce false-positive signals, it is of fundamental importance to include in any such investigations.
Methods. We employed a Bayesian approach utilising a continuously varying Gaussian process to model the solar wind. It uses a spherical approximation that modulates the electron density. This method, which we refer to as a solar wind Gaussian process (SWGP), has been integrated into existing noise analysis software, specifically enterprise. Our Validation of this model was performed through simulations. We then conduct noise analysis on eight pulsars from the LOFAR dataset, with most pulsars having a time span of ∼11 years encompassing one full solar activity cycle. Furthermore, we derived the electron densities from the dispersion measure values obtained by the SWGP model.
Results. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between the electron density at 1 AU and the ecliptic latitude (ELAT) of the pulsar. Pulsars with |ELAT|< 3° exhibit significantly higher average electron densities. Furthermore, we observed distinct temporal patterns in the electron densities in different pulsars. In particular, pulsars within |ELAT|< 3° exhibit similar temporal variations, while the electron densities of those outside this range correlate with the solar activity cycle. Notably, some pulsars exhibit sensitivity to the solar wind up to 45° away from the Sun in LOFAR data.
Conclusions. The continuous variability in electron density offered in this model represents a substantial improvement over previous models, that assume a single value for piece-wise bins of time. This advancement holds promise for solar wind modelling in future International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) data combinations.
Virtual Obstetric Emergency Simulations: Enhancing Knowledge, Skills, and Confidence of Emergency Medicine and Obstetric Professionals
Authors: Mitzman Jennifer , Pfeil Sheryl A. , Rahurkar Saurabh , Jonnalagadda Pallavi , Sova Lindsey , Gregory Megan E. , McGarity Nicole , Read James , Stevens Allison , Ghanem Rashelle , Winfield Scott , Shellhaas Cynthia S. 
Published: September 2024

Objective Between 2008 and 2016, 23% of pregnancy-related deaths in Ohio occurred in an emergency department (ED) or outpatient setting. Prior research showed that 98% of Ohio's delivery hospitals conduct obstetric (OB) emergency simulations, whereas only 30% include ED staff. The goal of the grant was to increase the knowledge, skill, and self-efficacy of emergency medicine (EM) professionals in managing OB emergencies. In addition to EM professionals, there was high interest by obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) and other professionals in the course. Therefore, the goal of the project was to increase these elements for all professionals including EM and non-EM professionals in managing OB emergencies.
Study Design Twelve virtual training courses using simulated patient encounters and video-based skills training were conducted across Ohio on the management of OB emergencies. Scenarios focused on common causes of pregnancy-related death using data from the Ohio Pregnancy-Associated Mortality Review Committee. Pre- and posttests assessed training effectiveness.
Results Between August 1, 2020, and June 30, 2023, 258 learners completed the course. Most were female (76.76%), White (90.61%), and under 45 years old (69.40%). Most (66.49%) were from EM, followed by OB/GYN (18.09%), and other specialties (15.43%) including family medicine and pediatric EM. Most worked in hospital settings (89.19%). Learners reported a median 10.00 (interquartile range [IQR]: 15.00) years in clinical practice. Overall, mean knowledge scores increased by 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62, 1.01), after the course (p < 0.001). Mean knowledge scores increased by 0.90 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.16; p < 0.001), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.24, 1.09; p = 0.003), and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.16, 1.04; p = 0.01) for those from EM, OB/GYN, and other specialties, respectively. Median scores for reported self-efficacy increased by 24.00 (IQR: 22.33) and self-reported skills increased by 30.42 (IQR: 22.83) points (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Virtual simulations can be effective in improving EM, OB, and other professionals' knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-reported skills in managing OB emergencies.
Key Points
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Pregnancy and Delivery-Specific Considerations and Outcomes
Authors: Watkins Virginia Y. , Estin Mira L. , Craig Amanda M. , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. , Federspiel Jerome J. 
Published: September 2024

Objective Prior studies have evaluated maternal outcomes in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), yet pregnancy- and delivery-specific data remain limited. This study aims to evaluate pregnancy and delivery outcomes in patients with HHT.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study used the Nationwide Readmissions Database to identify patients with HHT diagnosis on delivery between 2010 and 2021. The primary outcome was severe maternal morbidity (SMM). Secondary outcomes included nontransfusion SMM, preterm birth, stillbirth, prelabor rupture of membranes or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, cesarean delivery, respiratory bleeding, cerebrovascular complications, patient disposition, and length of stay. Trends in the prevalence of HHT at delivery were assessed with logistic regression. Logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, payer, zip code income, hospital size, and teaching status, were also used to produce adjusted relationships between HHT status and outcomes.
Results The cohort of 21,698,861 delivered pregnancies corresponded to a national estimate of 44,325,599. Of those, 612 (national estimate: 1,265; 2.8 per 100,000) had a diagnosis of HHT. A steady rise in the HHT diagnosis rate during pregnancy from 2010 to 2021 (1.7 per 100,000 in 2010, 3.8 per 100,000 in 2021, p < 0.001 for trend) was seen. Patients with HHT were significantly more likely to experience SMM compared with patients without HHT (7.8 vs. 1.7%, adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 4.49 [95% confidence interval, CI: 3.06, 6.58]). Rates of preterm birth (14.2 vs. 8.5%, aRR: 1.57 [95% CI: 1.22, 2.03]), cesarean delivery (41.0 vs. 32.9%, aRR: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.07, 1.41]), respiratory bleeding (2.1 vs. <0.1%, aRR: 94.44 [56.64, 157.46]), and cerebrovascular complications (0.9 vs. <0.1%, aRR: 22.89 [9.89, 52.96]) were higher in patients with HHT than non-HHT patients. There was no difference in stillbirth rates between groups.
Conclusion Patients with HHT have higher rates of SMM and adverse delivery outcomes when compared with the baseline population.
Key Points
The effect of proprioceptive vestibular rehabilitation on sensory-motor symptoms and quality of life
Authors: Özaltın Gülfem Ezgi , Talu Burcu , Bayındır Tuba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background Peripheral vestibular hypofunction (PVH) is characterized by balance and gait disorders and vestibulo-autonomic findings. The vestibular system and proprioceptive system work together to regulate sensorimotor functions. Vestibular exercises are effective in PVH, but their superiority over each other is still unclear.
Objective This study aims to examine the effect of proprioceptive vestibular exercises on patients with PVH.
Methods 30 individuals with unilateral PVH were assigned to 3 groups. Group 1 received proprioceptive vestibular rehabilitation, group 2 received standard vestibular rehabilitation. Both groups were given standard vestibular exercises as home exercises. No exercise was applied to the group 3. Patients were evaluated in terms of balance, functional mobility, posture, sensory profile, and quality of life.
Results Although there was a significant intra-group difference in balance, functional mobility, and quality of life results in all groups (p < 0.05), the difference between groups was generally in favor of group 1 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the posture analysis results (p < 0.05), while there was a significant difference in the 1st group (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the results of sensory sensitivity, sensory avoidance, and low recording (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in sensory-seeking results (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in quality of life between and within groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Proprioceptive vestibular rehabilitation is an effective method in PVH. We think that our study will guide clinicians and contribute to the literature.
Trial registration NCT04687371.
Paradoxical bodies: negotiating biomedical fix, responsibility, and care in a weight-loss surgery clinic
Authors: Nehushtan Hilla , Goodman Yehuda C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis ethnographic project explores how inherent discursive and social tensions are expressed and worked out within obesity care at a weight-loss surgical (WLS) clinic. First, complicated doctor and patient encounters occur because WLS follows a medical logic of intervention and is presented as a “biomagical” procedure that miraculously alters the body. Surgeons, however, explain that the surgery’s success depends on patients’ long and hard work. Second, the clinic’s interdisciplinary approach adds more complexity. While expanding the scope of treatment, it blurs the division of labor among professionals and the distinction between body and mind. It also diffuses the responsibility for patients’ lifestyles and recovery among professionals. Third, alongside notions about patients’ autonomy and free choice, their wishes and bodies are constantly channeled, problematized, and negotiated with various family and peer support. While crucial for the surgery’s success, such interconnectedness raises questions about how decision making and social pressures affect the patients’ journey. Thus, WLS is refracted among webs of multiple actors and contradictory perspectives. This complexity invites a reflection on how such tensions and paradoxes destabilize medical power in modifying the body, challenge personal responsibility assumptions, and impact the quality of care.
The social shaping of biotechnological innovation. The case of Covid-19 protein vaccine in Cuba and the US
Authors: Marciano Claudio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLike other technologies, vaccines are socially shaped by socio-economic, political and organisational factors. Property rights, value capture strategies and public innovation policies guide research teams in the biochemical design of vaccines, with inevitable consequences for their price and accessibility. The Covid-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to analyse this institutional shaping process and its consequences for global public health from a political economy perspective. Indeed, the same type of invention, a recombinant protein vaccine, was simultaneously and originally developed in the US and Cuban biopharmaceutical industries and in the field of philanthropic Open Innovation. The article shows, through empirical research that collected direct testimony from scientists and privileged observers of the vaccine development fields, how certain norms and values characteristic of the US industry (financialization, assetization and de-risk) created a path dependency in the use of proprietary and experimental biotechnologies that made the US vaccine Nuvaxovid more expensive and complex to produce, but no more effective and safe than Abdala, Soberana 02 and Corbevax. In addition, the institutional constraints of the US biopharmaceutical industry on radical innovation, even within a mature biotechnology platform such as protein vaccines, would have resulted in a competitive disadvantage for Nuvaxovid, which was as expensive as an mRNA vaccine but less rapid to market and less reliable in delivery. The case of protein vaccines against Covid-19 thus shows how the institutional architectures of techno-scientific capitalism create not only inequalities but also inefficiencies, and that an innovation path with excellent results is possible even in competition where the market is not the dominant order of worth.
Intraband cascade electroluminescence with weakly n-doped HgTe colloidal quantum dots
Authors: Shen Xingyu , Caillas Augustin , Guyot-Sionnest Philippe 
Published: September 2024

Room temperature 6 μm intraband cascade electroluminescence (EL) is demonstrated with lightly n-doped HgTe colloidal quantum dots of ∼8 nm diameter deposited on interdigitated electrodes in a metal–insulator–metal device. With quantum dot films of ∼150 nm thickness made by solid-state-ligand-exchange, the devices emit at 1600 cm−1 (6.25 μm), with a spectral width of 200 cm−1, determined by the overlap of the 1Se–1Pe intraband transition of the quantum dots and the substrate photonic resonance. At the maximum current used of 20 mA, the bias was 30 V, the external quantum efficiency was 2.7%, and the power conversion efficiency was 0.025%. Adding gold nano-antennas between the electrodes broadened the emission and increased the quantum efficiency to 4.4% and the power efficiency to 0.036%. For these films, the doping was about 0.1 electron/dot, the electron mobility was 0.02 cm2 V−1 s−1, and the maximum current density was 0.04 kA cm−2. Higher mobility films made by solution ligand exchange show a 20-fold increase in current density and a 10-fold decrease in EL efficiencies. Electroluminescence with weak doping is interesting for eventually achieving electrically driven stimulated emission, and the requirements for population inversion and lasing are discussed.
Phononic Weyl Nodal Lines and Weyl Pairs in van der Waals Heavy Fermion Material CeSiI
Authors: Li 李 Fulei 复磊 , Yu 于 Tianye 天野 , Lai 赖 Junwen 俊文 , Liu 刘 Jiaxi 嘉希 , Liu 刘 Peitao 培涛 , Chen 陈 Xing-Qiu 星秋 , Sun 孙 Yan 岩 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Topological phonon is a new frontier in the field of topological materials. Different from electronic structures, phonons are bosons and most topological phonons are metallic form. Previous studies about topological phonon states were focused on three-dimensional (3D) materials. Owing to the lack of material candidates, two-dimensional (2D) and van der Waals f-electron-related topological phonons were rarely reported. Based on first-principles calculations, we investigate the topological phononic state in the heavy fermion material CeSiI with a layered structure. Both 3D bulk and 2D monolayers have topological nontrivial states in the rarely seen f electron dominated van der Waals metal. Owing to the PT and C
3z
symmetries, Weyl nodal lines with nonzero Chern numbers exist on the hinge of the Brillouin zone. Protected by C
3z
rotation symmetry, three pairs of Weyl points with ±π Berry phase exist at point K near the frequency of 8 and 10 THz. In addition to the bulk topological charges, corresponding surface/edge states are also systematically analyzed, which gives a consistent understanding. Our results propose another interesting point in the newly discovered rear earth heavy fermion material CeSiI and are helpful for future experimental research of CeSiI topological phonons.
Magnetic field calculation of a uniformly magnetized sphere using solid angles
Authors: Zuo Fulin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A new method to calculate the magnetic field of a uniformly magnetized sphere or spherical shell with surface current density

K
=

K

o

sin

θ

using the solid angle concept is presented. The field can be shown easily to be constant inside the shell and dipole-like outside with a direct integral of Biot-Savart’s law without invoking magnetic vector potential or special scalar functions typically used for this classical problem.
Advances in n-type crystalline oxide channel layers for thin-film transistors: materials, fabrication techniques, and device performance
Authors: Kim Gwang-Bok , Choi Cheol Hee , Hur Jae Seok , Ahn Jinho , Jeong Jae Kyeong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we delve into recent advancements in the fabrication of high-performance n-type oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs) through crystallization pathways. The last two decades have seen a rapid proliferation of applications employing amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) transistors, from display technologies to semiconductor chips. However, with the growing demand for ultra-high-resolution organic light-emitting diodes, flexible electronics, and next-generation electronic devices, interest in oxide semiconductors exhibiting high mobility and exceptional reliability has grown. However, AOS TFTs must balance the competing demands of mobility and stability. Here, we explore various crystallization methods of enhancing the device performance of oxide semiconductors, alongside the intrinsic challenges associated with crystalline oxide semiconductors. Our discussion highlights the potential solutions presented by controlling crystalline quality in terms of grain size and orientation. We propose that advanced manufacturing techniques coupled with a profound understanding of materials science are needed to effectively address these issues.
Composition, temperature, and size regulation of refractive index in ternary group-Ⅲ nitride alloys: a bond relaxation investigation
Authors: Liu Jin , Zhu Min , Yang Xuexian , Yang Liwen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The physical origins of composition-, temperature-, and size-motivated changes in refractive index in crystals have long been a puzzle. Combining the bond-order-length-strength theory, local bond average approach, and core–shell structural model, we investigated the refractive indexes in dependencies of composition, temperature, and size for the ternary wurtzite group-Ⅲ nitride alloys. The theoretical reproduction of the observations disclosed that (i) the doping of small atoms caused the contraction in bond length, the strengthening in bond energy, and the decrease of refractive index, whereas the doping of large atoms led to an elongation of bond length, a weakening of bond energy, and an increase of refractive index; (ii) the refractive index is inversely proportional to the cohesive energy and the cube of the Debye temperature; and (iii) with the gradual decrease in solid size, the coordination number lowers, the bond length contracts, the bond energy gains, the surface-to-volume ratio rises, and the refractive index decreases. The proposed formulation not only shows an in-depth comprehension of the physical essence of the stimuli impact on the refractive index but also is expected to be conducive to the exploitation, optimization, and operation of the new-type photonic, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric nanometer devices for the ternary wurtzite alloys.
Soft sensor modeling based on self-organizing fuzzy neural network with clustering, merging, and splitting scheme
Authors: Sun Jian , Ma Kexin , Liu Yaochen , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As a pivotal role in the control, optimization, and monitoring of contemporary industrial processes, soft sensors are frequently employed in the prediction of key quality variables. To achieve accurate prediction of key quality variables in industrial processes, a soft sensor modeling method based on the self-organizing fuzzy neural network with the clustering, merging, and splitting scheme (SOFNN-CMS) is proposed. First, the supervised fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is proposed to identify the appropriate initial center and width of the fuzzy neural network, obtaining appropriate initial fuzzy rules. Then, a neuron merging and splitting strategy is designed to adjust the structure of the fuzzy neural network, by merging and splitting the hidden neurons according to the distance of clusters, increasing the adaptability of the fuzzy neural network. Besides, to accelerate the convergence of estimation errors, an improved Levenberg Marquardt algorithm is utilized to update neural network parameters in the training phase, realizing the soft sensor modeling of key quality variables. The effectiveness of the proposed SOFNN-CMS neural network is demonstrated on two benchmark problems and an industrial debutanizer column. Finally, the experiments showcase that the proposed SOFNN-CMS neural network can obtain better soft sensor modeling performance with a compact structure.
Tightly coupled stereo vision-inertial odometry based on point and line feature
Authors: Peng Gang , Cao Yihao , Chen Shanliang , Guo Yubo , He Dingxin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To improve the accuracy and robustness of visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in low-texture environments, this paper proposes a robust and fast stereo vision inertial SLAM pose estimation method that combines point and line features with an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The method tightly couples visual point and line features with IMU constraints, forming a least-squares problem through the error of each constraint term for nonlinear optimization. To address the issues of over-segmentation and time consumption in traditional line segment detection (LSD) algorithms, an improved LSD algorithm is adopted to accelerate line feature extraction. This approach merges nearby line segments based on spatial geometric relationships and filters out invalid segments, improving the time efficiency of the algorithm. Finally, experiments conducted in low-texture environments demonstrate that our algorithm achieves high localization accuracy and robustness.