bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune Modulation Strategies in Gene Therapy: Overcoming Immune Barriers and Enhancing Efficacy
Authors: Amsaveni Sivaprakasam S. , Mahendran Radha , C. S. Vidhya , Chanchal Dilip Kumar , Mathew Sojomon , Sharma Mukesh Chandra , S. Jailani , Ali Syed Salman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
The immune system presents significant obstacles to gene therapy, which has limited
its use in treating many illnesses. New approaches are needed to overcome these problems and improve
the effectiveness of gene therapy. This study explores several techniques to immune regulation
within gene therapy, a cutting-edge discipline that aims to optimise results by fine-tuning the
immune response. We cover new ways to control the immune system and deliver therapeutic
genes just where they are needed, including influencing immunological checkpoints, causing immunotolerance,
and making smart use of immunomodulatory drugs. In addition, the study provides
insight into new developments in the design of less immunogenic gene delivery vectors,
which allow for the extension of transgene expression with minimal adverse immune reactions. In
order to maximise the efficacy of gene-based therapies, this review analyses these novel approaches
and gives a thorough overview of the present state of the art by addressing obstacles and pointing
the way toward future developments in immune regulation. Not only does their integration provide
new opportunities for the creation of safer and more effective gene treatments, but it also contains
the key to overcome current obstacles.
Betulin-NLC-hydrogel for the Treatment of Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation: Optimization, Characterisation, and In vitro and In vivo Evaluation
Authors: Prakash Dev , Chaudhary Anjali , Chaudhary Amit 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that poses significant challenges
regarding effective and targeted drug delivery. Bioactive substances like betulin have shown tremendous
utility in treating these conditions; however, they pose limited utility owing to their physicochemical
characteristics. Here, we aimed to develop a novel topical dosage form for treating psoriasis,
utilising betulin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (NLCs) incorporated into a hydrogel matrix.

Methods:
The optimization of the formulation was meticulously conducted using a design of experiments
methodology, and its diverse physicochemical attributes were thoroughly examined. Evaluating
betulin's in vitro release pattern from the NLC-hydrogel demonstrated consistent and regulated
drug release properties. Additionally, the formulation demonstrated improved skin penetration abilities
as determined by in vitro skin permeation experiments employing Franz diffusion cells—
furthermore, the therapeutic effectiveness of the betulin-NLC-hydrogel was assessed by an in vivo
experiment carried out using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model in
BALB/c female mice.

Results:
The NLCs exhibited a pH of 5.67±0.86, particle size of 148.16±12.66 nm, and zeta potential
of -22.84±2.37 mV, ensuring stability and suitability for topical use. The gel, with a pH of 6.05±0.43
and viscosity of 17550±120 cPs, showed enhanced skin hydration and lipid restoration. Drug release
studies indicated a slower release from NLCs and gel, improving skin retention. Stability tests revealed
that the formulations were stable at room temperature but not at elevated temperatures. The in
vitro safety profile of the formulation revealed no significant adverse effects on HaCaT cell lines. The
NLC gel demonstrated significant anti-psoriatic activity, reducing inflammation and cytokine levels.

Conclusion:
The betulin-NLC-hydrogel formulation exhibited promising characteristics for the topical
treatment of psoriasis, showcasing optimised drug delivery, sustained release, and notable therapeutic
efficacy. The findings from this study provide a foundation for the potential clinical translation
of this innovative topical dosage form for improved psoriasis management.
“An Integrated Approach using YOLOv8 and ResNet, SeResNet & Vision Transformer (ViT) Algorithms based on ROI Fracture Prediction in X-ray Images of the Elbow”
Authors: Alam Taukir , Yeh Wei-Cheng , Hsu Fang Rong , Wei-Chung Shia , Singh A. Robert , Hassan Taimoor , Lin Wenru , Yang Hong-Ye , Hussain Tahir 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
In this study, we harnessed three cutting-edge algorithms' capabilities to refine the elbow fracture prediction process through X-ray image analysis.
Employing the YOLOv8 (You only look once) algorithm, we first identified Regions of Interest (ROI) within the X-ray images, significantly
augmenting fracture prediction accuracy.

Methods:
Subsequently, we integrated and compared the ResNet, the SeResNet (Squeeze-and-Excitation Residual Network) ViT (Vision Transformer)
algorithms to refine our predictive capabilities. Furthermore, to ensure optimal precision, we implemented a series of meticulous refinements. This
included recalibrating ROI regions to enable finer-grained identification of diagnostically significant areas within the X-ray images. Additionally,
advanced image enhancement techniques were applied to optimize the X-ray images' visual quality and structural clarity.

Results:
These methodological enhancements synergistically contributed to a substantial improvement in the overall accuracy of our fracture predictions.
The dataset utilized for training, testing & validation, and comprehensive evaluation exclusively comprised elbow X-ray images, where predicting
the fracture with three algorithms: Resnet50; accuracy 0.97, precision 1, recall 0.95, SeResnet50; accuracy 0.97, precision 1, recall 0.95 & ViTB-
16 with high accuracy of 0.99, precision same as the other two algorithms, with a recall of 0.95.

Conclusion:
This approach has the potential to increase the precision of diagnoses, lessen the burden of radiologists, easily integrate into Current Medical Imaging Reviews systems, and assist clinical decision-making, all of which could lead to better patient care and health outcomes overall.
Quercetin Promotes the M1-to-M2 Macrophage Phenotypic Switch During Liver Fibrosis Treatment by Modulating the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling
Pathway
Authors: Sun Dongqi , Zhou Xiaoling , Wu Teng , Li Zepeng , Huang Shigao , Peng Zheng 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
To investigate the underlying mechanism by which quercetin (Que) regulates
macrophage polarization and its subsequent therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis, an important
pathological precondition for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:
In vitro experiments were performed on the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage line. After
the induction of M1-type macrophages with LPS, the effects of Que on cell morphology,
M1/M2 surface marker expression, cytokine expression, and JAK2/STAT3 expression were
analyzed. In vivo, male SD rats were used as a model of CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis, and the
effects of Que on serum aminotransferase levels, the histopathological structure of liver tissues,
and macrophage-associated protein expression in liver tissues were analyzed.

Results:
In vitro experiments revealed that Que can suppress the activation of the JAK2/STAT3
signaling pathway, leading to decreases in the expression of M1 macrophage surface markers
and cytokines. Additionally, Que was found to increase the expression of M2 macrophage surface
markers and cytokines. In vivo, assays demonstrated that Que significantly ameliorated the
development of inflammation and fibrosis in a rat liver fibrosis model.

Conclusion:
Que can inhibit hepatic fibrosis by promoting M1 to M2 macrophage polarization,
which could be associated with its ability to suppress the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in
macrophages.
Antibacterial and Insecticidal Activities of Bacillus licheniformis SKS7 Methanolic Extract
Authors: Saggu Sandeep Kaur , Singh Nalini , Singh Major , Sohal Satwinder Kaur , Hora Rachna , Mishra Prakash Chandra 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Microbes are a rich source of antibacterial and anti-insect molecules. Due to rising antibiotic and anti-insect resistance in various sectors of the society, it is im-portant to identify new compounds that may address these issues.

Aims and Objective:
This study aimed to explore the bacteria isolated from soil to identify new molecules with antibacterial and anti-insect activity. Further, the current study is aimed at testing and characterizing antimicrobial and insecticidal properties of methanolic extracts from four different soil bacteria

Methods:
This study reports the isolation and characterization of soil bacteria by morpholog-ical, biochemical, and molecular analysis. The antibacterial and insecticidal potential of meth-anolic extracts of four bacterial strains were tested using an agar well diffusion assay, along with the development and survival of Spodoptera litura. Fractionation of the methanolic ex-tract was performed by chromatography, and the separated fractions were tested for their an-tibacterial activity.

Results:
The bacteria belong to Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, and Microbacterium species. The extract of Bacillus licheniformis SKS7 exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against all tested microbes, including human pathogens. Extract from the same microbe also showed maximum anti-insect activity against Spodoptera litura by significantly increasing the pupal period by as much as 80% and hence extending the time to adult emergence. Morphological abnormalities like deformed wings, deformed pupae, and failure to emerge from pupae were also observed. Purification of the extract by HPLC and gel permeation chromatography helped us to observe a low molecular weight protein that may be responsible for its antibacterial activity.

Conclusion:
Methanolic extract of Bacillus licheniformis SKS7 contains bioactive molecules with antibacterial and anti-insect activities. Further characterization and identification of these molecules may form the basis for the development of novel antibacterial drugs and insecticidal molecules in the future.

conclusion:
Methanolic extract of Bacillus licheniformis SKS7 is a rich source of bioactive compounds that may be utilized as alternative antimicrobials or insecticides.
In-vitro and In-silico α-amylase Inhibition Activity of Carlina Oxide and Aplotaxene Isolated From the Roots of Carthamus caeruleus and Rhaponticum acaule
Authors: Hammoudi Amina , Zatla Amina Tabet , Mami Imane Rihab , Benariba Nabila , Brixi-Gormat Radia , Fekhikher Zohra , Benramdane Hanane , Dib Mohammed El Amine 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Numerous natural products have been successfully developed for clinical
use in the treatment of human diseases in almost every therapeutic area.

Objectives:
This work aimed to assess the in-vitro and in-silico α-amylase inhibition activities of
carlina oxide and aplotaxene, isolated from the roots of Carthamus caeruleus and Rhaponticum
acaule respectively.

Methods:
The essential oil from C. caeruleus roots was obtained using a Clevenger-type apparatus,
and the hexanoic extract from the roots of R. acaule was obtained through maceration. Major components
of each plant were separated via column chromatography. The in-vitro α-amylase inhibition
activity was evaluated using porcine pancreatic α-amylase, while the molecular docking study was
conducted using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) with three types of α-amylase: human
salivary, pancreatic α-amylase and Aspergillus oryzae α-amylase (PDB: 1Q4N, 5EMY, 7P4W
respectively).

Results:
The in-vitro α-amylase inhibition results for the essential oil, the hexanoic extract, carlina
oxide and aplotaxene showed that carlina oxide exhibited significant activity with IC50 of
0.42 mg/mL. However, the in-silico study showed no interaction between aplotaxene and the
three α-amylase enzymes, whereas carlina oxide demonstrated one pi-cation interaction with 5EMY
with the amino acid TYR 62 at a distance of 4.70 Å and two pi-H interactions with 7P4W with the
amino acid LYS 383 at distances of 4.31 and 4 .03 Å.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, carlina oxide has the potential to serve as an alternative agent for α-
amylase inhibition, contributing to the reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Neurodegenerative Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes by Derivation and Validation in 2 Independent Korean Cohorts: Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Sang Hyunji , Lee Hojae , Park Jaeyu , Kim Sunyoung , Woo Ho Geol , Koyanagi Ai , Smith Lee , Lee Sihoon , Hwang You-Cheol , Park Tae Sun , Lim Hyunjung , Yon Dong Keon , Rhee Sang Youl 
Published: October 2024

Background
Several machine learning (ML) prediction models for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have recently been developed. However, the predictive power of these models is limited by the lack of multiple risk factors.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the validity and use of an ML model for predicting the 3-year incidence of ND in patients with T2DM.

Methods
We used data from 2 independent cohorts—the discovery cohort (1 hospital; n=22,311) and the validation cohort (2 hospitals; n=2915)—to predict ND. The outcome of interest was the presence or absence of ND at 3 years. We selected different ML-based models with hyperparameter tuning in the discovery cohort and conducted an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis in the validation cohort.

Results
The study dataset included 22,311 (discovery) and 2915 (validation) patients with T2DM recruited between 2008 and 2022. ND was observed in 133 (0.6%) and 15 patients (0.5%) in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. The AdaBoost model had a mean AUROC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.79-0.85) in the discovery dataset. When this result was applied to the validation dataset, the AdaBoost model exhibited the best performance among the models, with an AUROC of 0.83 (accuracy of 78.6%, sensitivity of 78.6%, specificity of 78.6%, and balanced accuracy of 78.6%). The most influential factors in the AdaBoost model were age and cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
This study shows the use and feasibility of ML for assessing the incidence of ND in patients with T2DM and suggests its potential for use in screening patients. Further international studies are required to validate these findings.
Transformasi Literasi Mahasiswa: Meningkatkan Keterampilan Baca Tulis melalui Inovasi Aplikasi Notion
Authors: Lestari Winda Dwi , Rahmawati Laili Etika , Markhamah  
Published: October 2024

Menurunnya literasi baca tulis di kalangan mahasiswa dapat diatasi dengan transformasi penggunaan media baru. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan bagaimana aplikasi Notion digunakan untuk aktivitas pembelajaran; (2) mendeskripsikan bagaimana hasil implementasi aplikasi Notion untuk literasi baca tulis mahasiswa. Metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dengan pendekatan studi pustaka melalui literatur dengan rancangan studi kasus fenomenologis. Adapun objek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa penempuh mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik triangulasi sumber seperti observasi, evaluasi penugasan berbasis proyek, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Model interaktif Miles Huberman yang meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Notion dapat diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran dan menunjang literasi di kalangan mahasiswa sebagai media membaca dan menulis berbasis proyek dengan sistem berkelompok.
FROM CONSTITUTIONAL-COURT TO COURT OF CARTEL: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDONESIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES
Authors: Bin-Armia Muhammad Syauqi , Armia Muhammad Siddiq , Rifqy Fadhal Faruq , Tengku-Armia Huwaida , Mustika Cut Reni 
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the role of the Constitutional Court in Indonesia and other countries, focusing on the legality and ethical oversight mechanisms in place. It addresses the critical question of the court's decision-making process, especially regarding ethical violations by judges and the mechanisms to prevent a cartel system within the judiciary. The study explores the contentious ruling by the Indonesian Constitutional Court on the age requirement for presidential and vice-presidential candidates and the potential conflicts of interest involved. Through a qualitative research approach, data from legal experts, judges, and secondary sources are analyzed to compare Indonesia's judicial ethics with those in Morocco. To maintain judicial integrity and independence, the findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive ethical supervision system, role of MKMK (Majelis Kehormatan Mahkamah Konstitusi) or honour court, diverse judicial composition and integration of shariah and constitutional principles. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing the oversight of constitutional judges' decisions to uphold democratic principles and constitutional supremacy.
Abstrak: Studi ini meneliti peran Mahkamah Konstitusi di Indonesia dan negara-negara lain, dengan fokus pada legalitas dan mekanisme pengawasan etika yang berlaku. Dalam kajian ini membahas pertanyaan kritis tentang proses pengambilan keputusan pengadilan, khususnya mengenai pelanggaran etika oleh hakim dan mekanisme untuk mencegah sistem kartel dalam peradilan. Artikel ini akan mengeksplorasi lebih lanjut putusan kontroversial oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Indonesia tentang persyaratan usia untuk calon presiden dan wakil presiden dan potensi konflik kepentingan yang terlibat. Melalui pendekatan penelitian kualitatif, data dari para ahli hukum, hakim, dan sumber-sumber sekunder dianalisis untuk membandingkan etika peradilan Indonesia dengan yang ada di Maroko. Untuk menjaga integritas dan independensi peradilan, temuan-temuan tersebut menyoroti pentingnya sistem pengawasan etika yang komprehensif, peran MKMK (Majelis Kehormatan Mahkamah Konstitusi), komposisi peradilan yang beragam, dan integrasi prinsip-prinsip syariah dan konstitusional. Dalam kesimpulannya, penulis merekomendasikan peningkatan pengawasan keputusan hakim konstitusi untuk menegakkan prinsip-prinsip demokrasi dan supremasi konstitusional.
Kata Kunci: Mahkamah Konstitusi, Kartel, Pemilu, Etika, Indonesia, Maroko
Subtler manifestations of patriarchal gender norms on gender relations- A qualitative investigation on Engineering college students
Authors: Tharun Sai , S Prabakar 
Published: October 2024

Gender disparity is observed to be markedly higher in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields, as evident from the findings of earlier research studies. Gender relations refer to the complex dynamics of social interactions between men and women in a social group setting; they are one of the determining factors of gender disparity. Hence, this investigative study focuses on the informal interactions among men and women students of private engineering colleges to gain insights into how patriarchal norms contribute to gender disparity. Private technological institutions are specifically chosen as the study as it is noted that they have been given less focus in this particular area of study. Although the gender dynamics of the contemporary Indian society has witnessed considerable change with liberalization and globalization, patriarchy continues to remain deeply entrenched and poses a formidable challenge in the cultural and social phenomenon of gender construction in various social realms. This persisting patriarchal trend tends to be reflected in the students’ perception of gender norms. The present study aims to highlight the challenges of gender relations among students and attempts to offer feasible inputs to foster gender equality within the academic community in college campuses by actively promoting inclusivity and parity. This research study is cross-sectional, employs qualitative methods to obtain gender relations through the face-to-face interview method used to collect data from the students to gain full understanding of the gender environment of the campus, the prevalence of patriarchy in the educational system and the influence of patriarchal norms on the student community
Estudio del comportamiento de consumo de licores del adolescente tacneño
Authors: Quiñones Baraybar Luis Enrique 
Published: October 2024

El Estudio del Comportamiento de Consumo de Licores del Adolescente Tacneño, busca descubrir, desde la perspectiva del marketing, si los atributos vinculados a la emoción forman parte de la valoración por parte del cliente, en este caso, del adolescente tardío (Jóvenes entre 19 y 21 años), al momento de elegir una marca de cerveza como su favorita, y por tanto entender, a futuro, que aspectos deben ser tomados en consideración por las marcas al momento de construir relaciones con sus clientes a través de la marca. En el estudio de carácter descriptivo, de diseño no experimental y transversal, se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado, puesto en operación en 15 preguntas, a 170 adolescentes tardíos que radican o radicaban en el distrito de Tacna al momento de ser aplicado.Los conceptos aplicados para llegar a conclusiones respecto a variables emocionales, fueron los de Marc Gobé (2005), que permitieron entender el comportamiento emocional de los adolescentes frente a sus marcas favoritas de cerveza, reconociendo la intensidad de cada uno de los 10 conceptos desarrollados por el autor.
Perfil epidemiológico da esquistossomose mansônica na I gerência regional de saúde de Pernambuco (I geres), no período de 2018 a 2022
Authors: Carvalho Torres Raphaela , Carvalho Torres Glenda Rebeca , Barberino Ricássio de Sousa 
Published: October 2024

A Esquistossomose Manssônica (EM) é uma doença transmitida pela água causada pelo Schistosoma mansoni e persiste como um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Este estudo analisou o perfil epidemiológico da Esquistossomose Mansônica na I Gerência Regional de Saúde de Pernambuco, de 2018 a 2022. A pesquisa é descritiva, retrospectiva e de abordagem quantitativa. Os resultados mostraram que Recife e Chã de Alegria apresentaram o maior número de casos notificados, com maior frequência na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos. Houve um aumento nas taxas de cura e consequente redução de óbitos por EM no ano de 2021, indicando a eficácia dos tratamentos. O controle da doença depende de ações preventivas, saneamento básico e educação em saúde, fundamentais para controlar a doença. Este estudo enfatiza a importância de melhorar a qualidade dos dados e estabelecer um monitoramento eficiente da EM em Pernambuco.
Hospitalizações por doenças cerebrovasculares em Roraima, Brasil
Authors: Borghetti Gina 
Published: October 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a frequência das hospitalizações por Doenças Cerebrovasculares em Roraima, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo e descritivo, utilizando dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde sobre as hospitalizações em Roraima, de 2016 a 2022. Foram incluídos o diagnóstico principal de Doenças Cerebrovasculares, gênero, faixa etária, caráter de atendimento e óbitos hospitalares. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, sendo calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas usando o programa TabWin. Do total das hospitalizações por Doenças Cerebrovasculares, o Acidente Vascular Cerebral representou 97,2% dos casos. A maior frequência das internações foi entre os homens e na faixa etária entre 60 a 69 anos, sendo que os idosos representaram 61,9% destas internações. Foi observado que a maioria das internações foi de urgência e as internações por Doenças Cerebrovasculares com desfecho de óbito hospitalar representaram 20,0% do total. Estes achados podem auxiliar na avaliação e no planejamento de estratégias de prevenção e manejo do AVC em Roraima, já que as ações em saúde pública podem refletir na ocorrência das hospitalizações por AVC.