bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Regional Climate Model over the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Wang Lang , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Tam Chi‐Yung , Tai Amos P. K. , Li Yubin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an evaluation study of the Regional Climate Model version 4.3 (RegCM4.3) over the Loess Plateau in northern China, which is a semi‐arid region characterized by complex topography. During recent years, a series of reforestation programmes have been implemented across the region that might influence the local climate in complex ways. To better understand the local climate, the RegCM4.3 was applied to simulate the present‐day conditions over the Loess Plateau. The simulation was carried out from 1990 to 2009 at the 50‐km horizontal resolution, with lateral boundary conditions taken from the ECMWF‐Interim reanalysis. A series of climate variables and processes were evaluated during the winter and summer seasons, such as 2‐m air temperature, precipitation, wind circulation, surface energy balance, full moisture budget, and cloud radiative forcing (CRF). The possible origins of the simulation bias and the physical linkages with other model processes were examined.In general, RegCM4.3 is able to reproduce both the spatial and temporal features of the regional climate over the Loess Plateau. However, there are still biases in some meteorological variables including precipitation and 2‐m air temperature. In particular, the model tends to produce cold biases during winter and underestimate precipitation during summer. Further analyses indicates that the cold biases in winter may have resulted from the deficiency of the downward longwave radiation fluxes, excessive ground heat fluxes, and negative temperature advection by the seasonal mean circulation. These processes are primarily triggered by deficiencies in CRF and excessive northwesterlies over the plateau. The underestimated precipitation during summer is associated with a weak southerly monsoon in the model. A full moisture budget analysis reveals that the dry bias in this region can be mainly attributed to model deficiency in moisture advection and convergence, and to a lesser extent to that in surface evaporation.
ENSO and the recent warming of the Indian Ocean
Authors: Abish B. , Cherchi Annalisa , Ratna Satyaban B. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe recent Indian Ocean (IO) warming and its relation with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated using available ocean and atmospheric reanalyses. By comparing the events before and after 1976 (identified as a threshold separating earlier and recent decades with respect to global warming trends), our results indicate that the IO had experienced a distinct change in the warming pattern. After 1976, during the boreal summer season the cold anomalies in the IO were replaced by warm anomalies in both warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) ENSO events. Strong sinking by upper level winds and the associated anomalous equatorial easterly winds created favourable conditions for the IO warming from 90°E towards the western IO. Our study highlights that after 1976, atmospheric and oceanic fields changed mostly during La Niña, with both ENSO phases contributing to the warming of the IO. Warm anomalies of 0.2 °C are seen over large areas of the IO in the post‐1976 La Niña composites. Our analysis suggests that the IO warming during La Niña events after 1976 may have a relation to the warm anomalies persisting from the preceding strong El Niño events.
Raman spectroscopy of weathered shungites
Authors: Chazhengina S. Y. , Kovalevski V. V. 
Published: June 2017

Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a useful tool for the study of carbonaceous material (CM). This method is used to distinguish various types of CM and to study the evolution of Raman spectra characteristics of CM during metamorphic transformations. In the present study, we applied the Raman spectroscopy and electron diffraction methods to investigate the evolution of structural ordering of CM of shungite rocks, Karelia (Russia), during weathering. The studies of the CM structure evolution during weathering are rare and ambiguous. The Raman spectra of weathered shungites are characterized by increase of FWHM‐D1, that is accompanied by the decrease of intensity‐based ratio R1 = ID/IG and the change of the intensity of the bands in second‐order region. The Raman spectral data indicate that weathering results in the alteration of both intralayer and interlayer ordering of shungites, but there are some peculiarities for the shungites subjected to the various types of weathering. The present study establishes that the Raman spectra characteristics of weathered shungites can be used as the indicators of weathering for CM from various carbon‐bearing rocks. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of in vivo toxicity, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of coconut, nipah and pineapple juice vinegars
Authors: Mohamad Nurul Elyani , Keong Yeap Swee , Beh Boon Keen , Romli Muhammad Firdaus , Yusof Hamidah Mohd , Kristeen‐Teo Ye Wen , Sharifuddin Shaiful Adzni , Long Kamariah , Alitheen Noorjahan Banu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDVinegar is widely used as a food additive, in food preparation and as a food supplement. This study compared the phenolic acid profiles and in vivo toxicities, and antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of coconut, nipah and pineapple juice vinegars, which were respectively prepared via a two‐step fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 7013 INRA and Acetobacter aceti vat Europeans.RESULTSPineapple juice vinegar, which had the highest total phenolic acid content, also exhibited the greatest in vitro antioxidant capacity compared to coconut juice and nipah juice vinegars. Following acute and sub‐chronic in vivo toxicity evaluation, no toxicity and mortality were evident and there were no significant differences in the serum biochemical profiles between mice administered the vinegars versus the control group. In the sub‐chronic toxicity evaluation, the highest liver antioxidant levels were found in mice fed with pineapple juice vinegar, followed by coconut juice and nipah juice vinegars. However, compared to the pineapple juice and nipah juice vinegars, the mice fed with coconut juice vinegar, exhibited a higher population of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes in the spleen, which was associated with greater levels of serum interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ cytokines.CONCLUSIONSOverall, the data suggested that not all vinegar samples cause acute and sub‐chronic toxicity in vivo. Moreover, the in vivo immunity and organ antioxidant levels were enhanced, to varying extents, by the phenolic acids present in the vinegars. The results obtained in this study provide appropriate guidelines for further in vivo bioactivity studies and pre‐clinical assessments of vinegar consumption. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Cactus stem (Opuntia ficus‐indica Mill): anatomy, physiology and chemical composition with emphasis on its biofunctional properties
Authors: Ventura‐Aguilar Rosa Isela , Bosquez‐Molina Elsa , Bautista‐Baños Silvia , Rivera‐Cabrera Fernando 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCactus stem (Opuntia ficus‐indica Mill) is native to Mesoamerica and marketed in different forms such as fresh, frozen or pre‐cooked. Worldwide, this vegetable is recognized for its pharmaceutical actions, including its antioxidant, diuretic, anticarcinogenic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐hypercholesterolemic properties, as well as their antiviral and antispermatogenic effects. However, not all of these properties have been associated with its chemical composition; therefore, this review aims to present and integrate information available on the physiology and anatomy of cactus stem and its chemical composition, focusing on some of the many factors that determine its biofunctionality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Mandarin fruit quality: a review
Authors: Goldenberg Livnat , Yaniv Yossi , Porat Ron , Carmi Nir 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuring the last decade, there has been a continuous rise in consumption and global marketing of fresh, easy‐to‐peel mandarins, with current annual production of nearly 29 million tons. Nevertheless, most of the existing knowledge on quality traits of citrus fruit comes from research conducted on oranges and grapefruit, which are the main products for the citrus juice manufacturing industry; relatively little is yet known regarding the unique fruit quality traits of mandarins, nor about the great diversity in these traits among the various natural sub‐groups and varieties of mandarins. In the present review we discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular factors governing key fruit quality attributes of mandarins, including fruit colour, size and shape, ease of peeling, seedlessness, flavour, and nutritional quality. Fruit colour, size, and shape contribute to external appearance; peelability and seedlessness to ease of consumption; and flavour and nutritional quality to internal quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
High sensitivity MR acoustic radiation force imaging using transition band balanced steady‐state free precession
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Marx Michael , Miller G. Wilson , Butts Pauly Kim 
Published: June 2017

PurposeMR acoustic radiation force imaging (MR‐ARFI) provides a method to visualize the focal spot of a focused ultrasound (FUS) beam without introducing a significant temperature rise. With conventional spoiled MR‐ARFI pulse sequences, the ARFI phase always equals the motion‐encoded phase. In this work, MR‐ARFI using transition band balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) is presented, which improves the sensitivity of MR‐ARFI with high acquisition speed.Theory and MethodsMotion‐encoding gradients (MEG) are inserted into bSSFP sequences for MR‐ARFI. By applying an ultrasound pulse during the MEG, motion‐encoded phase is generated, which leads to an amplified change in the image phase when operating in the bSSFP transition band. MR‐ARFI was performed on a homemade gel phantom using both the proposed technique and a spoiled gradient echo ARFI sequence with identical MEG and FUS, and ARFI images were compared.ResultsThe bSSFP‐ARFI sequence generated an ARFI image phase that is more than 5 times larger than the motion‐encoded phase in a few seconds with 2DFT readout. By keeping FUS pulses as short as 1.45 ms, temperature rise was insignificant during the measurement.ConclusionbSSFP‐ARFI has enhanced sensitivity compared with conventional MR‐ARFI pulse sequences and could provide an efficient way to visualize the focal spot. Magn Reson Med 79:1532–1537, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Developing multidisciplinary clinics for neuromuscular care and research
Authors: Paganoni Sabrina , Nicholson Katie , Leigh Fawn , Swoboda Kathryn , Chad David , Drake Kristin , Haley Kellen , Cudkowicz Merit , Berry James D. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMultidisciplinary care is considered the standard of care for both adult and pediatric neuromuscular disorders and has been associated with improved quality of life, resource utilization, and health outcomes. Multidisciplinary care is delivered in multidisciplinary clinics that coordinate care across multiple specialties by reducing travel burden and streamlining care. In addition, the multidisciplinary care setting facilitates the integration of clinical research, patient advocacy, and care innovation (e.g., telehealth). Yet, multidisciplinary care requires substantial commitment of staff time and resources. We calculated personnel costs in our ALS clinic in 2015 and found an average cost per patient visit of $580, of which only 45% was covered by insurance reimbursement. In this review, we will describe classic and emerging concepts in multidisciplinary care models for adult and pediatric neuromuscular disease. We will then explore the financial impact of multidisciplinary care with emphasis on sustainability and metrics to demonstrate quality and value. Muscle Nerve 56: 848–858, 2017
Overactive bladder symptoms after midurethral sling surgery in women: Risk factors and management
Authors: Marcelissen Tom , Van Kerrebroeck Philip 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionOveractive bladder syndrome (OAB) including urgency and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) occurs frequently after stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery. It is important to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of OAB symptoms in order to adequately inform the patient before surgery. Furthermore, when facing OAB after sling surgery it is crucial to know how to manage these symptoms.MethodsWe conducted a literature review in order to assess the risk factors and management of OAB symptoms after SUI surgery. We searched for relevant articles in PubMed that specifically addressed the topic of OAB symptoms after midurethral sling surgery.ResultsThe incidence of de novo and persistent urgency and UUI is reported around 15% and 30%, respectively. Several studies demonstrated that women with mixed incontinence who have a predominant urge component will have worse outcomes after surgery. Older age was also found to be a predictive factor in three studies. Furthermore, urodynamic signs of overactive bladder (eg, DO, low bladder capacity, elevated detrusor pressure) can predict postoperative urgency or UUI. The management of OAB symptoms after SUI surgery is essentially the same as in idiopathic OAB. However, before commencing therapy it is crucial to rule out other factors than can cause urgency, including bladder outlet obstruction, urinary tract infection, or sling erosion.ConclusionsOAB symptoms are frequently reported after sling surgery. Women with mixed incontinence and older women are at risk of developing post‐operative OAB symptoms. We have proposed an algorithm for the treatment of these symptoms which can be useful in clinical practice.
Analytical modeling provides new insight into complex mutual coupling between surface loops at ultrahigh fields
Authors: Avdievich N. I. , Pfrommer A. , Giapitzakis I. A. , Henning A. 
Published: June 2017

Ultrahigh‐field (UHF) (≥7 T) transmit (Tx) human head surface loop phased arrays improve both the Tx efficiency (B1+/√P) and homogeneity in comparison with single‐channel quadrature Tx volume coils. For multi‐channel arrays, decoupling becomes one of the major problems during the design process. Further insight into the coupling between array elements and its dependence on various factors can facilitate array development. The evaluation of the entire impedance matrix Z for an array loaded with a realistic voxel model or phantom is a time‐consuming procedure when performed using electromagnetic (EM) solvers. This motivates the development of an analytical model, which could provide a quick assessment of the Z‐matrix. In this work, an analytical model based on dyadic Green's functions was developed and validated using an EM solver and bench measurements. The model evaluates the complex coupling, including both the electric (mutual resistance) and magnetic (mutual inductance) coupling. Validation demonstrated that the model does well to describe the coupling at lower fields (≤3 T). At UHFs, the model also performs well for a practical case of low magnetic coupling. Based on the modeling, the geometry of a 400‐MHz, two‐loop transceiver array was optimized, such that, by simply overlapping the loops, both the mutual inductance and the mutual resistance were compensated at the same time. As a result, excellent decoupling (below −40 dB) was obtained without any additional decoupling circuits. An overlapped array prototype was compared (signal‐to‐noise ratio, Tx efficiency) favorably to a gapped array, a geometry which has been utilized previously in designs of UHF Tx arrays.
A natural bond orbital analysis of aryl‐substituted polyfluorinated carbanions: negative hyperconjugation
Authors: Suenaga Masahiko , Nakata Kazuhide , Abboud José‐Luis M. , Mishima Masaaki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAryl‐substituted polyfluorinated carbanions, ArCHRf− where Rf = CF3 (1), C2F5 (2), i‐C3F7 (3), and t‐C4F9 (4), were analyzed by means of the natural bond orbital (NBO) theory at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) computational level. A lone pair NBO at the formal anionic center carbon (Cα) was not found in the Lewis structure. Instead, significant donor/acceptor NBO interactions between π(Cα‐C1) and σ*(Cβ‐F) or σ*(Cβ‐Cγ) were observed for 1, 2, 3a (strong electron‐withdrawing substituent, from p‐CF3 to p‐NO2), and 4. Their second‐order donor/acceptor perturbation interaction energy, E(2), values decreased with the increase of the stability of carbanions. A larger E(2) value corresponds to longer Cβ‐F and Cβ‐Cγ bonds and a shorter Cα‐Cβ bond, indicating that the E(2) values can be associated with the negative hyperconjugation of the Cβ‐F and Cβ‐Cγ bonds. In accordance with this, the E(2) values for π(Cα‐C1) → σ*(Cβ‐F) were linearly correlated with the ΔGoβ‐F values (an empirical measure of β‐fluorine negative hyperconjugation obtained from an increased acidity). In 3b (weak electron‐withdrawing substituents, from H to m‐NO2) very large E(2) values for LP(Fβ) → π*(Cα‐Cβ) were obtained. This was attributed to the Cβ‐F bond cleavage and the Cα‐Cβ double bond formation in the Lewis structure that is caused by the extremely strong negative hyperconjugation of the Cβ‐F bond.
Computational design of tetrazolone‐based high‐energy density energetic materials: Property prediction and decomposition mechanism
Authors: Shi Ying 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe density functional theory methods are used to design a series of new highly energetic tetrazolone‐based molecules by the combination of the linked tetrazolone framework and versatile substitutes. The molecular and electronic structures, physicochemical, and energetic properties were analyzed and predicted. The decomposition mechanisms were computationally simulated, and 3 potential decomposition channels were proposed. These newly designed tetrazolone‐based compounds show high densities (up to 2.08 g/cm3) and highly positive heats of formation (407.0‐1377.9 kJ/mol) due to all right content of nitrogen and oxygen. Most of them exhibit good detonation velocity (8.31‐9.62 km/s) and detonation pressure (32.40‐43.86 GPa), and some are comparative to excellent explosive CL‐20. Results show that compounds 6, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, and 24 own superior detonation performance than widely used explosive HMX and may be promising candidates of green high‐performance energetic materials.
New memory‐type dispersion control charts
Authors: Ali Rizwan , Haq Abdul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart is a memory‐type process monitoring tool that is frequently used to monitor small and moderate disturbances in the process mean and/or process dispersion. In this study, we propose 2 new memory‐type control charts for monitoring changes in the process dispersion, namely, the generally weighted moving average and the hybrid EWMA charts. We use Monte Carlo simulations to compute the run length profiles of the proposed control charts. The run length comparisons of the proposed and existing charts reveal that the generally weighted moving average and hybrid EWMA charts provide better protection than the existing EWMA chart when detecting small to moderate shifts in the process dispersion. An illustrative dataset is also used to show the superiority of the proposed charts over the existing chart.
Hydrology under climate change in a temporary river system: Potential impact on water balance and flow regime
Authors: De Girolamo A. M. , Bouraoui F. , Buffagni A. , Pappagallo G. , Lo Porto A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe potential impacts of future climate scenarios on water balance and flow regime are presented and discussed for a temporary river system in southern Italy. Different climate projections for the future (2030–2059) and the recent conditions (1980–2009) were investigated. A hydrological model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to simulate water balance at the basin scale and streamflow in a number of river sections under various climate change scenarios, based on different combinations of global and regional models (global circulation models and regional climate models). The impact on water balance components was quantified at the basin and subbasin levels as deviation from the baseline (1980–2009), and the flow regime alteration under changing climate was estimated using a number of hydrological indicators. An increase in mean temperature for all months between 0.5–2.4 °C and a reduction in precipitation (by 4–7%) was predicted for the future. As a consequence, a decline of blue water (7–18%) and total water yield (11–28%) was estimated. Although the river type classification remains unvaried, the flow regime distinctly moves towards drier conditions and the divergence from the current status increases in future scenarios, especially for those reaches classified as I‐D (ie, intermittent‐dry) and E (ephemeral). Hydrological indicators showed a decrease in both high flow and low flow magnitudes for various time durations, an extension of the dry season and an exacerbation of extreme low flow conditions. A reduction of snowfall in the mountainous part of the basin and an increase in potential evapotranspiration was also estimated (4–4.4%). Finally, the paper analyses the implications of the climate change for river ecosystems and for River Basin Management Planning. The defined quantitative estimates of water balance alteration could support the identification of priorities that should be addressed in upcoming years to set water‐saving actions.
Tyrosine Kinase Expressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, TEC, Controls Pluripotency and Early Cell Fate Decisions of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells via Regulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Secretion
Authors: Vanova Tereza , Konecna Zaneta , Zbonakova Zuzana , La Venuta Giuseppe , Zoufalova Karolina , Jelinkova Sarka , Varecha Miroslav , Rotrekl Vladimir , Krejci Pavel , Nickel Walter , Dvorak Petr , Kunova Bosakova Michaela 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) require signaling provided by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors. This can be initiated by the recombinant FGF2 ligand supplied exogenously, but hPSC further support their niche by secretion of endogenous FGF2. In this study, we describe a role of tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC) kinase in this process. We show that TEC-mediated FGF2 secretion is essential for hPSC self-renewal, and its lack mediates specific differentiation. Following both short hairpin RNA- and small interfering RNA-mediated TEC knockdown, hPSC secretes less FGF2. This impairs hPSC proliferation that can be rescued by increasing amounts of recombinant FGF2. TEC downregulation further leads to a lower expression of the pluripotency markers, an improved priming towards neuroectodermal lineage, and a failure to develop cardiac mesoderm. Our data thus demonstrate that TEC is yet another regulator of FGF2-mediated hPSC pluripotency and differentiation.